bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conviene formar al hombre si debe ser tal: la didáctica magna de Comenius y el problema de la formación
Authors: Díaz Soler Carlos Jilmar
Published: January 2021

El artículo, derivado de procesos investigativos, analiza la postura asumida por Comenius sobre la pedagogía, discutiendo aspectos estructurales al vínculo relacional condición humana – escuela. Presenta, para ello, elaboraciones derivadas del programa de investigación "Teoría de 'campo' y procesos de recontextualización" (Universidad Pedagógica Nacional - Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Colombia), que trabaja en pos de construir un andamiaje analítico que posibilite la comprensión de fenómenos relacionados con la circulación —recontextualización— de enunciados, materializados en distintas esferas de la praxis y en diversos formatos: trabajos que condujeron a título en pregrado, maestría y doctorado, manuales de metodología de la investigación, textos escolares, artículos periodísticos de divulgación científica, artículos académicos sobre la investigación en educación, noticias sobre la relación entre la educación y la tecnología, por mencionar algunos. Presenta, en pocas palabras, aspectos estructurales de la discusión acerca de la formación, como problema central de la pedagogía.
La cultura espiritual en la reforma pedagógica de Boyacá (1925-1935)
Authors: Uribe Vergara Jorge
Published: January 2021

La Reforma Pedagógica de Boyacá, programa pedagógico creado en 1925 por el secretario de Instrucción Pública del Departamento Rafael Bernal Jiménez, tuvo dos objetivos: el primero, la higiene y el asistencialismo escolar, ampliamente explorado por la historiografía de la pedagogía; y el segundo, poco analizado por los estudios de la educación, fue el suministro de cultura espiritual para sacar al pueblo de la ignorancia y fortalecer la democracia. Por otro lado, la historiografía ha estudiado la cultura popular como un concepto de elaboración propia de los liberales, como lo hace Renán Silva (2005), olvidando que los conservadores tenían un concepto de cultura propio, que circuló ampliamente en debates y prácticas pedagógicas. En ese sentido, se estudiará el suministro de cultura espiritual que se dio en la Reforma Pedagógica de Boyacá, entre 1925 y 1935.
Las prácticas en el aula de matemáticas: una mirada desde la formación de profesores
Authors: Malagón Patiño María Rocio
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de investigación cuyo objeto fue valorar los cambios en las comprensiones de los profesores de matemáticas sobre su práctica en el aula, como consecuencia de la participación en una serie de experiencias de aprendizaje en torno a ella. El proyecto se desarrolló en el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) con diez profesores de matemáticas. En el estudio de corte cualitativo se contrastaron las proposiciones teóricas construidas alrededor de algunos aspectos de las prácticas en el aula con los datos obtenidos de la implementación de un laboratorio de prácticas docentes que se centraba en ellos. Los cuatro aspectos tienen que ver con el papel en el aula de los problemas matemáticos, las interacciones y los diálogos, las preguntas y la interpretación de la producción matemática del estudiante. Desde el laboratorio se diseñaron y realizaron experiencias de aprendizaje para los profesores con actividades como: observaciones de prácticas, experimentos de enseñanza, análisis de diversos registros de clases y diseños de tareas matemáticas. Los resultados evidencian un avance significativo en sus miradas frente al papel de los problemas matemáticos en el aula, o la consideración del rol de las preguntas y los diálogos en el aprendizaje de esta disciplina. De igual forma, se reportó un avance menor en habilidades para la interpretación del pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes y la consecuente toma de decisiones.
Reconocer la inteligencia lógico-matemática en estudiantes con capacidades excepcionales
Authors: Valbuena-Duarte Sonia , Padilla Escorcia Iván Andrés , Rodríguez Bossio Eddie
Published: January 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo socializar resultados investigativos del trabajo realizado con estudiantes identificados con capacidades excepcionales. Dicho trabajo propendió por el fortalecimiento en ellos de las habilidades de la inteligencia lógico-matemática propuestas por Howard Gardner. La metodología es de tipo mixta, para lo cual se recolectó la información a través de entrevistas abiertas a los docentes de matemáticas, entrevistas estructuradas a padres de familia y encuestas a estudiantes, además de la realización de actividades didácticas de contenidos académicos con mayor exigencia para los estudiantes, como: los números enteros, la serie de Fibonacci, el algoritmo de Euclides y ecuaciones; de lo cual se obtuvieron destacados resultados en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades para observar, percibir, hacer series, sacar conclusiones, manejar cálculo de algoritmo y solucionar problemas. Se concluyó que los estudiantes que cuentan con talentos excepcionales deberán ser atendidos a tiempo para que sus capacidades no se trunquen a partir de la contribución que brinde la escuela, padres de familia y directivos.
Una estrategia de enseñanza de la demostración utilizando software de geometría dinámica
Authors: Acosta Gempeler Martín Eduardo , Cardozo Santiago
Published: January 2021

El motivo de este reporte de caso está centrado en el interés por encontrar estrategias de enseñanza que aprovechen el potencial del Software de Geometría Dinámica (SGD) para promover en los estudiantes el uso espontáneo de razonamientos deductivos, a fin de justificar afirmaciones. Consideramos que los estudiantes pueden utilizar el razonamiento deductivo de manera implícita en la resolución de problemas y nos interesa estudiar las condiciones que lo llevan a producir conclusiones a partir de unos datos iniciales utilizando implicaciones lógicas, aunque no hagan referencia explícita a dichas implicaciones. Ese uso implícito depende del grado de convicción adquirido sobre las implicaciones que llamamos Hechos Geométricos (HG), y proponemos que este grado de convicción puede construirse gracias a la experimentación con el Software de Geometría dinámica. Exploramos las variables que afectan el diseño de una secuencia de actividades desde el enfoque de la Teoría de situaciones didácticas, que busca que los estudiantes, a través de la experimentación, identifiquen HG y se convenzan de su carácter apodíctico, para luego utilizarlos en razonamientos deductivos. Planteamos la hipótesis de que la situación fundamental que corresponde a la demostración en el contexto de la construcción geométrica con Software de Geometría dinámica es una situación en la que, a partir de un protocolo de construcción escrito, se solicita predecir si determinadas propiedades se cumplen y se mantienen al arrastrar.
Seek & Blastn Standard Operating Procedure v1
Authors: A. Byrne Jennifer , Park Yasunori , Capes-Davis Amanda , Favier Bertrand , Cabanac Guillaume , Labbé Cyril
Published: January 2021

Seek & Blastn is a semi-automated tool that automatically extracts gene identifiers and nucleotide sequences using named entity recognition techniques. The sentence containing each sequence is automatically analyzed to assign a claimed status (targeting or nontargeting) that is compared with the most likely status according to blastn analysis using the human genomic + transcript database. Subsequently, this tool can be used to identify nucleotide sequence reagent errors in the published or forthcoming scientific literature. The Seek & Blastn tool was developed by Cyril Labbé from the University of Grenoble Alpes, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Grenoble, France. The authors gratefully acknowledge grant funding from the US Office of Research Integrity, grant ID ORIIR180038-01-00 (awarded to Jennifer Byrne and Cyril Labbé) and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, Ideas grant ID APP1184263 (awarded to Jennifer Byrne, Cyril Labbé and Amanda Capes-Davis). To cite Seek & Blastn or to find further information regarding the tool, please refer to: - Labbé C, Grima N, Gautier T, Favier B, Byrne JA. Semi-automated fact-checking of nucleotide sequence reagents in biomedical research publications: The Seek & Blastn tool. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 1;14(3):e0213266. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213266. PMID: 30822319; PMCID: PMC6396917. For further information regarding this tool: - Byrne, J.A., Labbé, C. Striking similarities between publications from China describing single gene knockdown experiments in human cancer cell lines.Scientometrics 110,1471–1493 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-2209-6 - Phillips N. Online software spots genetic errors in cancer papers. Nature. 2017 Nov 20;551(7681):422-423. doi: 10.1038/nature.2017.23003. PMID: 29168818. - Byrne JA, Grima N, Capes-Davis A, Labbé C. The Possibility of Systematic Research Fraud Targeting Under-Studied Human Genes: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions. Biomark Insights. 2019 Feb 5;14:1177271919829162. doi: 10.1177/1177271919829162. PMID: 30783377; PMCID: PMC6366001. - Byrne JA, Christopher J. Digital magic, or the dark arts of the 21stcentury-how can journals and peer reviewers detect manuscripts and publications from paper mills? FEBS Lett. 2020 Feb;594(4):583-589. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13747. Epub 2020 Feb 17. PMID: 32067229. - Labbé, C., Cabanac, G., West, R.A.et al. Flagging incorrect nucleotide sequence reagents in biomedical papers: To what extent does the leading publication format impede automatic error detection?.Scientometrics 124,1139–1156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03463-z
Stanford and Purigen Biosystems Microfluidics Team protocol XPRIZE_Hudson Alpha v1
Authors: not provided jnesvet
Published: January 2021

The Stanford University and Purigen Biosystems team's SARS-CoV-2 assay leverages on-chip microfluidics to eliminate laborious and time consuming steps associated with standard molecular diagnostics such as solid phase spin-column extraction and PCR amplification. Purification of nucleic acids from a variety of biological sources is achieved in a one-step, automated fashion using on-chip isotachophoresis (ITP). The purified nucleic acids are then amplified using reverse transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in 30 minutes, less than half of the time associated with standard qPCR. We then use CRISPR-Cas12 fluorescent detection to identify amplicons associated with the SARS-CoV-2 genome for enhanced specificity.
Investigation of the thermoluminescence properties Ti4+ doped MgO synthesized solid-state assisted solution combustion synthesis method
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Adnan
Published: January 2021

In this study, undoped MgO and titanium (Ti4+) doped MgO ceramics were synthesized using the solid state-assisted solution combustion synthesis method. The structural characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). TL curves of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic consist of three TL peaks located at 70, 250 and 290 oC with a heating rate of 2 oC/s after 1 Gy beta dose. Radioluminescence (RL) characteristic of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic was studied with excitations between 200 - 1000 nm. It was found to be the four emission bands the maximums located at 327 nm (~3.79 eV), 694 nm (~1.78 eV), 715 (~1.73 eV), and 745 (~1.66 eV). Some dosimetric characteristics such as TL curve, reusability, dose-response, of the ceramic were investigated using the thermoluminescence (TL) technique using beta radiation of 90Sr/90Y. Dose-response characteristics showed the integrated TL signals between 170-350 oC exhibited a linear up to 20 Gy. The experimental results showed that if it is developed of the MgO:Ti4+(0.1%wt) ceramic can be considered as a dosimetric material with suitable properties in personal and medical applications.
Application of external osteosynthesis in correction of varus deformation of lower extremities in patients with gonarthrosis
Authors: Artemiev Aleksander A. , Akhpashev Alexander A. , Abakirov Medetbek D. , Reshetnikov Andrej N. , Shipulin Aleksander A. , Gululyan Gevorg G. , Kashoob Ali M. , Solovyov Yurij S.
Published: January 2021

Background. Arthrosis of the knee joint is one of the most common diseases in elderly patients with the varus deformity. One of the treatment methods is corrective osteotomy. Aims: optimization of the diagnosis of deformities in patients with gonarthrosis, improvement of the technique of operation and postoperative control of the main reference lines and angles, assessment of the correction results, analysis of complications. Methods. A retrospective clinical study was conducted. 39 patients were observed, in whom 78 operations were performed on both legs simultaneously. In all the cases, tibia osteotomies and osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov apparatus were used. All the patients underwent an X-ray study of the legs along the entire length with the identification of the main reference lines and angles. Results. In all the cases, it was possible to normalize the position of the mechanical axis and the angle of orientation of the knee joint. After the surgery, the wounds were not sutured to prevent compartment syndrome. The correction was performed in a single-stage manner in elderly patients, gradually in young patients. The period of fixation with the Ilizarov apparatus was 16.6 3.1 weeks. Conclusions. The Ilizarov method has significant advantages: low invasiveness, stable fixation, absence of foreign bodies to the end of treatment. This allows us to recommend it for a wider use in patients with gonarthrosis and varus deformity.
Five-year result of Microvascular decompression using video endoscopy in the treatment of classic trigeminal neuralgia with paroxysmal pain syndrome
Authors: Vinokurov Aleksey G. , Kalinkin Aleksander A. , Bocharov Andrey А. , Kalinkina Olga N.
Published: January 2021

Background. The incidence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is 15 per 100,000 people per year. The effectiveness of the existing conservative methods of therapy does not exceed 50%. At the same time, the use of carbamazepine doubles the frequency of depressive conditions, and by 40% increases the incidence of suicidal thoughts. Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal root is a"gold standard" treatment for patients with facial pain, however, due to the lack of awareness of the disease, not all the patients receive the adequate therapy timely. Aims: to evaluate the long-term results of video endoscopy-assisted microvascular decompression in the treatment of patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (cNTN) with paroxysmal facial pain. Methods. In the period from 2014 to 2019, 62 patients were operated for classic NTN and paroxysmal facial pain. The average period from the onset of pain syndrome to surgery was 5 years (from 2 months to 15 years). All the patients in the preoperative period underwent conservative therapy (carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregabalin), which was not accompanied by significant pain reduction. Two (3%) patients had previously undergone a radiosurgical treatment using the Gamma Knife device, and 7 (11%) patients had an analgesic blockade without an effect at other hospitals. The maximum pain intensity upon the admission to the hospital, according to the visual analogue scale (VAS,) was 10 points, according to the BNI (Barrow Neurological Institute) pain syndrome scale V. All the patients underwent MVD of the trigeminal nerve root using Teflon, and video endoscopic assistance during surgery was used in 9 patients . The average follow-up period after the surgery was 3.4 1.7 years (from 1 to 5 years). Results. In all (100%) the patients, the pain was completely relieved after the surgery (BNI I). Excellent and good results after MVD within 5 years were achieved in 97% of patients (BNI III). Facial hypesthesia, not causing discomfort and anxiety (BNI II), developed in 5 (8.1%) patients. The use of video endoscopy made it possible to identify the vessels compressing the trigeminal nerve root with a minimal traction of the cerebellum and cranial nerves. The development of cerebellar edema and ischemia occurred in one (1.6%) patient operated without the application of video endoscopy. Conclusion. The MVD method with video endoscopy is effective in the treatment of patients with cNTN with paroxysmal pain syndrome.
Understanding Vectorial Migration Patterns of Wastewater-Induced Earthquakes in the United States
Authors: Johann Lisa , Shapiro Serge A.
Published: January 2021

The recent surge of earthquakes in the central United States is linked to the disposal of large volumes of wastewater. Even if injection rates have been decreasing since 2015, the seismic hazard remains elevated. Moreover, some events in Kansas occur far from disposal wells. We applied a multidimensional cross-correlation technique to analyze the spatiotemporal relation between fluid injection and earthquakes. While a strong correlation is observed in east-northeastern direction of the disposal wells for the majority of events, some earthquakes occur in northeastern direction far from the disposal wells. We explain this pattern and the large-scale evolution of borehole pressure observations by directional migration of poroelastic stresses and pore pressure diffusion. This follows from our principal 2D poroelastic finite-element model that has a predicting power and identifies controlling parameters of the process. These are the permeability of the basement and its anisotropic character as well as the distribution of critical fault strengths. Our results suggest that remote locations may be destabilized even when injection rates are declining. Thus, a volume reduction may only provide an immediate effect to lower the seismicity locally. It follows that a state-wide reduction in earthquakes may require longer waiting times and that the hazard of induced seismicity may remain elevated for tens of years.
Dynamic Fault Interaction during a Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang Event
Authors: Palgunadi Kadek Hendrawan , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Ulrich Thomas , López-Comino José Ángel , Mai Paul Martin
Published: January 2021

The 15 November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang, South Korea, earthquake has been linked to hydraulic stimulation and fluid injections, making it the largest induced seismic event associated with an enhanced geothermal system. To understand its source dynamics and fault interactions, we conduct the first 3D high-resolution spontaneous dynamic rupture simulations of an induced earthquake. We account for topography, off-fault plastic deformation under depth-dependent bulk cohesion, rapid velocity weakening friction, and 1D subsurface structure. A guided fault reconstruction approach that clusters spatiotemporal aftershock locations (including their uncertainties) is used to identify a main and a secondary fault plane that intersect under a shallow angle of 15°. Based on simple Mohr–Coulomb failure analysis and 180 dynamic rupture experiments in which we vary local stress loading conditions, fluid pressure, and relative fault strength, we identify a preferred two-fault-plane scenario that well reproduces observations. We find that the regional far-field tectonic stress regime promotes pure strike-slip faulting, whereas local stress conditions constrained by borehole logging generate the observed thrust-faulting component. Our preferred model is characterized by overpressurized pore fluids, nonoptimally oriented but dynamically weak faults and a close-to-critical local stress state. In our model, earthquake rupture “jumps” to the secondary fault by dynamic triggering, generating a measurable non-double-couple component. Our simulations suggest that complex dynamic fault interaction may occur during fluid-injection-induced earthquakes and that local stress perturbations dominate over regional stress conditions. Therefore, our findings have important implications for seismic hazard in active georeservoir.
ASPECTOS SEDIMENTOLÓGICOS E GEOQUÍMICOS DO TESTEMUNHO ANP 1040, DO TALUDE CONTINENTAL, PORÇÃO OESTE DO ESTADO DO CEARÁ
Authors: Noucoucouk Agathe Arrissa , Sá Freire George Satander , Melo Robbyson Mendes , Menor Eldemar de Albuquerque , Almeida Narelle Maia
Published: January 2021

O testemunho ANP 1040 analisado foi coletado a uma profundidade de 1900 m no oceano Atlântico Equatorial, distando de 100,8 km da linha de costa do município de Itapipoca, Ceará. Foram realizadas análises granulométricas, teor de carbonato de cálcio, teor de matéria orgânica, teor de nitrogênio total e geoquímica por fluorescência de raios-X dos elementos. Os dados mostram que o testemunho ANP 1040 é constituído pelas faciés lama, lama arenosa e areia lamosa, compostas por sedimentos bioclástos classificados como vasa calcária. A diminuição da influência marinha na sedimentação foi constatada em intervalos intermediários do testemunho que apresentaram altos teores das razões de Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca que foram correlacionados aos valores elevados de lama, de matéria orgânica, e de baixa porcentagem do conteúdo carbonático. Os valores altos destas razões (Ti/Ca e Fe/Ca) estão relacionados a um aumento da contribuição sedimentar continental, evidenciando períodos de maior precipitação na região, indicando um clima tropical úmido que aumentou o escoamento das drenagens continentais e, consequentemente, o suprimento de sedimentos terrestres para o talude continental. Além disso, os altos valores da razão Ti/Al encontrados na base do testemunho estão relacionados um aporte de sedimentos eólicos, enquanto valores baixos registrados no topo indicam uma proveniência de sedimento fluvial. Este trabalho contribui para o conhecimento da Geologia do Quaternário da sub-bacia Icaraí, Bacia do Ceará, Margem Equatorial Brasileira.
O DEVONIANO NO ESTADO DO MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL: NOVA ÁREA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO E PRESENÇA DE TÍPICA FAUNA MALVINOCÁFRICA
Authors: Scheffler Sandro Marcelo , Silva Rafael Costa , Sedorko Daniel
Published: January 2021

Estratos devonianos são amplamente conhecidos na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, particularmente no estado do Paraná. No entanto, os estudos são ainda escassos na borda noroeste, especialmente no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Durante estudos realizados para este trabalho foram levantados cerca de 120 sítios geológicos e paleontológicos na região, tendo sido identificadas algumas discrepâncias nos mapas de distribuição das unidades do Devoniano (Grupo Campos Gerais/Chapada) no referido estado. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma revisão da distribuição dos estratos do Devoniano no Mato Grosso do Sul, bem como um levantamento dos trabalhos paleontológicos na região que abordaram a típica fauna malvinocáfrica (Pragiano-Emsiano inicial), com intuito de incrementar a discussão sobre a gêneses dos depósitos do Devoniano no estado. A presença desta fauna, aliada a outras evidências estratigráficas, corrobora a não compartimentalização da Bacia do Paraná para esta idade. É levantada a hipótese de um tectonismo concomitante à deposição da Formação Ponta Grossa (=Grupo Chapada II inferior), principalmente para o topo da unidade, sugerida pelo contexto progradacional seguido de um hiato deposicional durante o Emsiano médio ao final do Eifeliano na área. É possível que o Arco de Campo Grande somente tenha adquirido expressividade geomorfológica no Emsiano médio, o que seria refletido na ausência de estratos datados como Emsiano tardio/Eifeliano em áreas aflorantes no estado e diversas outras evidências.
Caracterización florística y estructural como línea de base para la restauración ecológica de bosques en la microcuenca del río Barbas, Colombia
Authors: Roa García Clara Eugenia , Torres-González Alba Marina
Published: January 2021

Se hizo la caracterización florística del bosque de la microcuenca del río Barbas, zona de amortiguamiento del Distrito de Conservación de Suelos Barbas-Bremen, Risaralda, Colombia con el fin de seleccionar especies para iniciar procesos regionales de restauración ecológica. Se utilizó el método de muestreo de Gentry estableciendo 10 transectos de 50 m de longitud y 2 m de ancho. Con base en información secundaria, se documentó el estado sucesional, el mecanismo de dispersión, el estado de conservación y los usos antrópicos. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron Rubiaceae (13), Melastomataceae (10) y Lauraceae (5). La riqueza de especies (62) se concentró en las clases diamétricas y altimétricas inferiores (<8,3 cm y <17 m, respectivamente). Ocho de las especies sumaron el 50 % del índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y se registraron 33 especies por fuera del muestreo para un total de 95. Una gran proporción de las especies correspondió a sucesionales tardías (54,7 %) y un alto porcentaje a especies dispersadas por animales (83 %); por otra parte, se encontraron 11 especies en alguna categoría de amenaza a nivel regional. Con respecto a los usos, la mayoría de las especies se puede emplear en la protección de cauces. Con base en la cuantificación de sus características, se seleccionaron seis especies pioneras y siete sucesionales tardías para iniciar procesos de restauración ecológica. El bosque es fuente natural de semillas para una de las especies recomendadas, Wettinia kalbreyeri, cuyo IVI es alto. En conclusión, el bosque se encuentra en una sucesión avanzada y es un reservorio de especies con características ideales para hacer restauración ecológica.
Síntesis regioespecífica y estudio electroquímico de dos derivados carboxílicos C60 solubles en agua
Authors: Villada Juan D. , Duarte-Ruiz Álvaro , Chaur Manuel N.
Published: January 2021

We report a new methodology for the synthesis of two highly symmetric equatorial malonate hexaadducts of C60 fullerene. The synthetic methodology is based on a series of protection and deprotection steps that allow the preparation of a fullerene [60] functionalized with six symmetrical positioned malonate addends without using complicated and expensive separation techniques (highperformance liquid chromatography, HPLC) or long reaction times. This methodology allowed us to prepare the carboxylic adducts 6 (equatorial octacarboxylic tetraadduct of C60) and 8 (equatorial dodecacarboxylic hexakisadduct of C60). As far as we  now, compound 6 has not yet been reported. We also studied the electronic properties of the main compounds by UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The reported fullerene adducts exhibited several reversible reduction processes whose electron transfers are controlled by diffusion.
Biogeografía y riqueza de los líquenes de Colombia
Authors: Soto Medina Edier , Díaz David , Montaño Javier
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la riqueza de los líquenes y las relaciones biogeográficas entre zonas de vida en Colombia, así como definir especies y géneros indicadores. Para ello se compiló información de distintos herbarios nacionales, bases de datos y publicaciones. Se usó la clasificación en zonas de vida de Colombia para definir las localidades de recolección de los líquenes. Se encontraron tres agrupaciones principales: regiones de bosque húmedo (Amazonía y Chocó), bosques secos y Orinoquía, y bosques andinos (premontano a páramo). Estas regiones formaron grupos en un gradiente que abarca desde zonas de vida de elevaciones bajas hasta el páramo. En cuanto a las relaciones fitogeográficas, fue posible establecer una mayor afinidad entre los bosques húmedos de las zonas de Amazonía y Chocó,  ntre los bosques premontanos, montanos y páramos, y entre los bosques secos interandinos y del Caribe. Las regiones con mayor riqueza y especies de distribución restringida fueron la andina y las de bosque húmedo. La riqueza exhibió un patrón decreciente con la elevación y unimodal con la latitud, con mayores valores en las latitudes medias.
Hongos ingoldianos de la parte media del río Gaira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Peñate-Carranza Brayan , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Luna-Fontalvo Jorge A.
Published: January 2021

Los hifomicetos acuáticos son hongos microscópicos que han sido poco estudiados en ríos tropicales y que cumplen un importante papel en la descomposición de la materia orgánica vegetal en los ecosistemas lóticos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los hifomicetos acuáticos presentes en la parte media del río Gaira (norte de Colombia). Se analizaron muestras cualitativas de espuma del río y de hojas de tres especies vegetales nativas  dominantes en el área de estudio (Ficus tonduzii,Zygia longifolia y Clusia multiflora) almacenadas en el lecho del río. Se identificaron diez géneros que incluían cuatro especies: Diplocladiella scalaroides, Heliscus submersus, Alatospora acuminata y Flabellospora crassa. En la parte media del río Gaira se registraron por primera vez los géneros Diplocladiella, Triscelophorus, Actinospora, Lemonniera, Alatospora, Flabellospora y Heliscus. El estudio evidenció la gran diversidad de hifomicetos acuáticos de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Informalitás: egymás eszköziesítésének kultúrája
Authors: Grünhut Zoltán
Published: January 2021

The current paper, without scientific systematization and artistic meditation, tries to addresslife itself (the normatively understood ‘good life’) in an essayist way. It strives to draw up somecore pillars of a research program about a commonly known everyday phenomenon, informality,more precisely its distorted form which is inducing social inequalities and injustices, and which,because of this, should be seen reflexively and critically. The proposed argument is a theoreticalreflection on József Böröcz’s still actual and progressive scientific endeavor to create a frameworkfor the sociology of informality.
Hol van az igazság? – Görögkatolikus egyházi fenntartású középiskolás fiatalok igazságossággal kapcsolatos értékei
Authors: Bencze Ádám
Published: January 2021

The purpose of our study is to present what young people think about justice, and how theyare different from the youth and society of the country. The functioning of a society requiresthat fair conditions prevail in it. However, there are several types of justice. What young people,as adults of the future, think about this value is essential for the functioning of a society. Wepresent philosophical interpretations and value sociological research on justice, then we definethe concept of justice for Hungarian society and Hungarian youth. In our research we asked alleleventh and twelfth students of a Greek Catholic high school in Eastern Hungary in 2014 and2019. Quantitative method was used to compare students’ views on justice with the other youngpeople in the country. According to our results during the five years of research, equality wasmore important for young people, especially for the boys. The importance of the value of equalitywas clearly related to the religiosity of the asked young people.
ESTRESSE OCUPACIONAL RELACIONADO À ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Mota Rosana Santos , Silva Valdenir Almeida da , Brito Isadora Goncalves , Barros Angela De Souza , Santos Olga Maria Brito dos , Mendes Andreia Santos , Souza Lorena De Carvalho
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de estresse ocupacional entre profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e identificar sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais e relacionadas à assistência de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital de ensino de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, com 54 profissionais. Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e março de 2020 por meio da Escala Bianchi de Stress e analisados pelo Programa Stata. Resultados: a prevalência de estresse ocupacional em nível médio ou alto foi de 57,4%. Maiores níveis de estresse foram associados significativamente ao menor tempo de formação (p-valor=0,05), ser enfermeiro (p-valor=0,00), enfrentar a morte do paciente (p-valor=0,01), atender aos familiares dos pacientes críticos (p-valor=0,00) e atender às necessidades dos familiares (p-valor=0,00). Conclusão: a elevada prevalência de estresse ocupacional, bem como os fatores associados identificados, foram informações essenciais para implementação de estratégias preventivas. Descritores: Estresse Ocupacional. Cuidados de Enfermagem. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Equipe de Enfermagem. Enfermagem.
Controversial Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction in Preconception and Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Lima Ferreira Joana , Gomes Mafalda , Maria Príncipe Rosa
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the recommendations on the most adequate screening method (universal or selective) for thyroid dysfunction. Although thyroid dysfunction is a common disorder in fertile women and untreated cases may have negative maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes, its screening in preconception and early pregnancy is controversial.
Materials and methods: An evidence-based review was conducted to identify publications since 2017 of American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, according to the following Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS): women in preconception or pregnancy without thyroid disease who underwent universal or selective screening for thyroid dysfunction. Study selection obeyed the PRISMA criteria.
Results: We included 15 of 325 publications. The 2017 ATA guidelines recommend selective screening in both preconception and pregnancy. The only two reviews on preconception recommended universal screening. For pregnancy, nine articles suggested universal screening, while a prospective study advocated selective screening. The main benefits advocated for universal screening were easy and low-cost tests; absence of missed diagnosis; safe and inexpensive treatment and its potential in preventing negative outcomes. Iodine deficiency is a decisive indication, but it was not evaluated in all clinical studies. Screening harms and knowledge gaps were the main arguments against universal screening. There are very few cost-effectiveness studies.
Conclusion: We recommend universal screening for thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy, which is a distinct point of view from 2017 ATA guidelines (weak recommendation, low-quality evidence). It is not possible to make a formal recommendation for preconception (insufficient evidence). We strongly suggest an individualized analysis by each country.
Development of a Comprehensive Antenatal Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Adverse Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Rural Areas: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Arasu Sakthi , Maria Joseph Geethu , Mathew Lijiya , S Josephine , K Rajitha , Rose Johnson Avita
Published: January 2021

Objective: To develop a comprehensive antenatal risk assessment tool to predict adverse maternal and early perinatal outcomes in a rural setting.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study among women admitted for delivery in a rural maternity hospital, south India. Risk factors from Rotterdam Reproductive Risk Reduction (R4U) scorecard and social factors relevant to Indian rural context were included in questionnaire. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were obtained from in-patient records. Logistic regression of risk factors associated with adverse outcomes and weighted scores assigned using beta-coefficients. Cut-off score to predict adverse outcome was derived using Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (ROC Curve) and Likelihood ratios.
Results: Adjusted odds for adverse outcome highest for small for gestational age by ultrasound scan [OR=7.4 (1.4-36.5)], tobacco chewing [OR=5.6 (1.8–28.5)] and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [OR=3.5 (1.9-9.6)]. After assigning weighted scores, the 74-item antenatal risk assessment tool had a maximum possible score of 86. Risk score was calculated for all subjects. Cut-off score to predict adverse outcome was 4, using ROC curve, with a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 21% and positive likelihood ratio of 1.23 (1.10-1.37).
Conclusion: This comprehensive antenatal risk assessment tool is easy to administer, specific to rural areas and can help community-level workers to screen, monitor, and refer high risk pregnancies for further management to prevent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This may be considered a prototype towards developing more robust antenatal risk screening and outcome prediction in rural settings.
Assessing Pain Behavioral Responses and Neurotrophic Factors in the Dorsal Root Ganglion, Serum and Peritoneal Fluid in Rat Models of Endometriosis
Authors: Kasheh Farahani Zahra , Taherianfard Mahnaz , Naderi Mohammad Mehdi , Ferrero Hortensia
Published: January 2021

Objective: Pain is the most frequently reported symptom involving in endometriosis. The alterations of neurotrophic factors and certain neuropeptides in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), as well as serum and peritoneal fluid (PF), were evaluated in rat models of endometriosis.
Materials and methods: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley female rats were selected and maintained in a standard condition with 12 hours’ dark-light cycles. All the rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Control (intact rats); Sham (the operation was conducted without endometriosis induction); and Endometriosis (endometriosis induction was performed).  The formalin test was performed for all groups on the first and the 21st day of the study. The assessments of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), and Substance P levels were carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA. The Tukey’s test was used as post-hoc.
Results: Endometriosis induction significantly increased the mean pain scores in the endometriosis group in all three phases of the formalin test. The concentrations of DRG-CGRP (p=0.035), BDNF (p<0.001), and NGF (p=0.006) in the endometriosis group were significantly higher than that of the other groups while serum-BDNF (p<0.001), Substance P (p=0.009), and NGF (p=0.015) were significantly lower in endometriosis group compared to other groups. The concentrations of PF-BDNF (p=0.025) and Substance P (p=0.009) were significantly lower than those of other groups.
Conclusion: The present results delineate that endometriosis induction could lead to hyperalgesia. This may be related to the significant increases in the BDNF, NGF, and CGRP in DRG.
La creación puja y Dios con ella: estudio de la argumentación en Rom 8,18-30
Authors: Granados Juan Manuel
Published: January 2021

Este artículo propone el estudio exegético de Rom 8,20-21 y busca responder a la pregunta: ¿“quién” sometió la creación al fracaso? La discusión exegética a propósito del significado de la expresión “por medio de aquél que la sometió” (διὰ τὸν ὑποτάξαντα) puede ayudar a determinar si la teología paulina de la creación, en la carta a los Romanos, se debe entender en términos escatológicos o más bien cristológicos. La afirmación de la liberación de la creación en Rom 8,21 también indaga por el tipo de corrupción del cual el texto trata. ¿Por qué y para qué la creación fue sometida “en esperanza”? Esta investigación ofrece un enfoque retórico a Rom 8,18-30 y muestra el crescendo (auxesis) de los gemidos: la creación gime, nosotros gemimos, el Espíritu gime. Este crescendo incluye la comprensión que tienen los creyentes de la acción divina por medio de Cristo. Pablo usa, en este texto, la figura retórica de la “personificación” (prosopopeya) para identificar la creación humana y sub-humana. Pablo también relaciona esta figura con otra, la figura etimológica o juego de palabras, a partir de la raíz gramatical del “gemir”; de esta manera, muestra una paradoja: en Cristo, el sufrimiento humano y el “pujar” de Dios suceden de forma conjunta. Se concluye así que, en esta parte de la carta, Pablo demuestra que en Cristo tienen lugar no sólo la nueva creación, sino también la conciencia humana de ser hijos de Dios.
Kateusz, Ally. (2019). Mary and Early Christian Women: Hidden Leadership. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 295 pp.
Authors: Richter Eric E.
Published: January 2021

Ally Kateusz es profesora de historia eclesiástica en la Universidad de Missouri e investigadora del controversial Winjgaards Institute for Catholic Research. Se ha especializado en el arte cristiano en la antigüedad y medievo temprano. Esta obra, su segundo libro, está dividida en ocho capítulos. Algunos consisten en artículos previamente publicados que han sido revisados y ampliados. Su tesis central radica en afirmar que María de Nazareth fue considerada una líder eclesiástica y litúrgica en el cristianismo primitivo, lo cual se ve reflejado en representaciones artísticas y literarias de la época. Ella también aborda las inevitables implicancias que la percepción de la figura de María, como líder, tuvo en el rol de la mujer en el cristianismo primitivo, específicamente en funciones de liderazgo, enseñanza y evangelización.
Teacher’s Challenges towards Online Learning in Pandemic Era
Authors: Rosalina Elsa , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Elyani Eka Puteri
Published: January 2021

The teaching and learning process has a big revolution since Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID19) has spread out to the world. Education is one of the sectors that have a mostly big impact on its condition. COVID 19 changes everything in the education system. The teaching and learning process which do face to face must be changed to an online system. Thus, in this research, the researchers want to identify the teacher’s challenges for doing online teaching and learning. The researchers also describe the strength and weaknesses of online learning based on teachers’ perceptions. This research used a qualitative approach because the researchers describe teacher challenges toward online learning and the easiness and the difficulties of online learning in the pandemic era. The participants of this research were 14 English teachers from a different level of education in South Kalimantan. The instruments used in this study consisted of 12 open-ended questionnaires made online using Google form. The result of the questionnaire that has filled out by the participants recorded in the researcher’s email, then based on this result the researchers describe the findings and related it to the relevant theory. The findings of this research are most of the teachers agree that the challenges to applying online learning are in facilitation such as internet connection, quota, the places of home living, and the process of online learning itself such as the teacher’s less in technology for designing interesting online learning activities, less communicative, lack of interaction, and fostering an effective online learning climate and for the strength and the weakness of online learning activities most of the teachers agree that the strength of online learning is flexible in time and place, thus the teaching and learning can conduct everywhere and anytime, for the weakness the teacher agree that online learning can’t conduct maximal pedagogy process in learning activities.  Keywords: teacher, challenges, online learning, pandemic era
Medical Malpractice as a Separate Criminal Offense: a Higher Degree of Patient Protection or Merely a Sword Above the Doctors' Heads? The Example of the Croatian Legislative Model and the Experiences of its Implementation
Authors: Vuletić Igor
Published: January 2021

A comparative overview of the criminalisation of medical errors in Europe shows that this in principle is approached in two ways. Under the first approach, such errors are incriminated through the general regime for criminal offenses, such as bodily injury or causing death by negligence. The second approach, adopted in a smaller number of countries, prescribes it as a separate criminal offense (as medical malpractice). Croatian law is a typical example of the second model, which has given rise to discussions in Croatian scholarly circles about the abandonment of such a model. The author analyses the Croatian legislative solution and its realisation in judicial practice, and based on this analysis, through the presentation of noteworthy case law, provides conclusions on whether or not the Croatian legislative solution indeed provides a higher degree of protection of the health of patients and a higher level of legal certainty.
The Ebola Epidemic and Cholera Outbreak and The International Response
Authors: Roberts Richard B.
Published: January 2021

Infectious diseases are responsible for 15 million of the 57 million deaths worldwide despite the remarkable discoveries of antibiotics and vaccines. Many individuals succumb to microbial diseases in poor and less-developed countries where these preventive and therapeutic modalities are not available. Furthermore these less fortunate countries do not have the resources or public health infrastructure to combat unforeseen and explosive outbreaks. Two relatively recent outbreaks are reviewed in this article; the Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the cholera outbreak in Haiti. This outbreak of cholera, in a country of only 7.8 million inhabitants, is one of the largest ever recorded worldwide. Early intervention by international health organizations is critical to curtail and ultimately control infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics. This responsibility, especially for less-developed countries, lies in the hands of the United Nations and World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the international response from the UN and WHO was slow, cumbersome and poorly coordinated both in West Africa and Haiti.
Combating Counterfeiting of Medicines in the Republic of Belarus: Legal Analysis
Authors: Saschenko Pavel
Published: January 2021

Counterfeiting of medicines constitutes as a threat to public health, which nowadays has a “pandemic character”. In this regard, the legislation of the Republic of Belarus should properly address the risks caused by counterfeited medicines. Being a member of several economic alliances aimed at simplifying turnover of goods, including medical products, Belarus needs to develop comprehensive preventive measures and provide effective and proportionate criminal and other sanctions for the commission of acts connected with counterfeiting of medicines. This article focuses on key factors which impact the development of Belarusian legislation. The main obstacles for effective international cooperation in criminal matters concerning turnover of counterfeit medicines are also explored. Amendments to legislation aimed at improving the effectiveness of combating counterfeiting of medicines will also be discussed.
Medical Error – Should it be a Criminal Offence?
Authors: Šepec Miha
Published: January 2021

Medicine is a risky profession where medical professionals have a duty to do anything in their power to help their patients. However, what if a doctor makes a grievous mistake that leads to the death but could have been avoided? Are moral responsibility and apology to patients’ family enough? Should we impose sanctions (civil or criminal) on the doctor who negligently caused the patients’ death? To answer this questions, we present arguments against criminalisation of medical error, where the strongest arguments are uncertainty of medical standards, counterproductive criminalisation seen in defensive medicine, using criminal law as the last resort, and the argument of doctor’s immunity. On the other hand, arguments for criminalisation are obvious negligent treatment with serious consequences, general prevention of future negligent conduct, sanitation of a medical system gone wrong, and the argument of privileged criminal offence. Our conclusion is that criminal law repression of medical malpractice or medical error is justified, however only in the most obvious cases of undisputed negligence or carelessness of a doctor, where his inappropriate conduct has led to a serious deterioration of health of a patient, which could have easily been avoided, if a doctor respected the practice and rules of medical science and profession.