bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dental implant issues: Forms and methods of education for international students
Authors: Nikitina Louise I. , Gromova Anna S.
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the experience of teaching the discipline "Dental implantation" to foreign students in Dentistry studying at the Chuvash State University in Cheboksary in the context of internationalization and digitalization of higher education. Forms and methods of teaching Dental implantation and international academic mobility of faculty members are proposed. Foreign students are active participants in the student scientific circle of the department "Dentist of the Future"; they take part in the annual International Student Conferences, tooth drawing competitions "Da Vinci's Tooth", All-Russian festivals of students and youth "Man. Citizen. Scientist". The authors emphasize the significance of professional and communicative competencies denistry teachers. The teachers of the department are members of the International Club of Implantologists - International team for Implantology. In 2019 in Valletta on Malta the first summit “World Women's Implantology Communities WIN EMEA” took place, and in May the University of Bern in Switzerland hosted a symposium in honor of Professor Daniel Buser “20 Years of Progress in Implant Dentistry”. The teachers of the department took part in these events. The main emphasis in the programs was placed on the active use of digital technologies in dental implantation, teaching discipline at the university using international standards. Internet resources allow you to check tasks for the teacher. For more than ten years, online testing has been carried out to monitor and assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities of students in this discipline. The department tests students in Online Test Pad. Computer tools and technologies are used to help educate dentistry students. To improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment, digital technologies for virtual examination and treatment are used: computed tomography, intraoral scanning, data collection and planning methods, CAD / CAM technology, tools and materials for 3D production. The department is aware that foreign graduates will represent Russian education in their country, and seeks to transfer knowledge using digital technologies, international standards and experience. Uniting efforts with foreign colleagues improves the quality of work with foreign students and develops competitiveness of university alumni.
Essence transformation of the notions of civil and patriotic youth education in a changing world
Authors: Grevtseva Gulsina Yakupovna , Tsiulina Marina Vladimirovna , Tarasova Julia Borisovna , Isakova Tatiana Igorevna , Pererva Oksana Yurievna , Pochivalova Zhanna Georgievna
Published: May 2023

The paper touches upon the issue of the relevance of civic-patriotic education of young people. Based on the analysis of federal legal documents, it is concluded that today civic-patriotic education is recognized as a priority in modern educational policy. It is noted that the trends of modern science (axiologization, informatization, ecologization, integration, the trend of synergy) subjected the transformation of the concept of "patriotism", "citizenship" as a result of civil and patriotic education of young people in a changing world. The paper presents modern interpretations of these concepts. It is noted that the main goal of civil-patriotic education is the revival of patriotism in our society as the most important spiritual, moral and social value. The concept of "civil-patriotic education of students" was clarified. The purpose of the paper is to theoretically substantiate the methodological foundations for the development of a system of civil and patriotic education of students in a changing world. Theoretical and empirical methods are used. The authors define a set of methodological approaches (value, environment and activity), which determine the content and technological apparatus of the study. These approaches formed the basis for the development of a system of civil-patriotic education of students. The mechanisms of the value approach are identified: the totality and content of values, the definition of technology and methods for the implementation of the totality of values in the process of civil-patriotic education of a person, unity of the content of the system of civil and patriotic education of students and the socio-cultural environment . A system of civic-patriotic education was developed, which is an integration of objective, content, motivational-value, practical-activity, evaluative-effective components. Due attention is paid to the pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the system of civil and patriotic education of students. This system performs analytical, diagnostic, prognostic, design, practice-oriented, adaptive, educational and cognitive, organizational and control and evaluation functions. The results of a survey of students on patriotism, citizenship, the most effective forms, methods and means that contribute to the civil-patriotic education of a person are presented. Among the technologies, students single out subject-oriented technologies that are interactive in nature, contribute to the development of critical thinking, analytical, reflective, research and design skills.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Usichenko Taras
Published: May 2023

die erste Ausgabe unserer Zeitschrift wurde kurz vor dem Ausbruch der
COVID-19-Pandemie konzipiert. Trotz unruhiger Zeiten mit komplizierter politischer
und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung in Europa wachsen das Interesse der Leserschaft
für die „AkupunkturPraxis“ und der Enthusiasmus der Autoren
und Herausgeber, die unseren Leserinnen und Lesern die neuesten Erkenntnisse auf dem
Gebiet evidenzbasierter klinischer Anwendung der Akupunktur anbieten.
Akupunktur bei sportorthopädischen
Krankheitsbildern
Authors: Borgmann Gerrit
Published: May 2023

Liegt der Fokus unserer Behandlungen im Praxisalltag auf Beschwerden des
Bewegungsapparats, ist das Spektrum in der sportärztlichen Betreuung von
Trainingslagern und Wettkämpfen deutlich breiter. Akupunktur ist gerade
für Leistungs- und Hochleistungssportler eine hochattraktive
Behandlungsform, die weit über die Behandlung von
Schmerzzuständen des Bewegungsapparats hinausgeht. Themen wie
Regeneration, Immunabwehr, Schlaf, Appetit, mentale Stärke, Verbesserung
der Trainierbarkeit und allgemeine gesundheitliche Prävention sind
für alle Sportler und Trainer zentrale Themen. Jeder, der hier wirksame
Techniken und Therapien anbietet, wird mit offenen Armen empfangen. Interessant
wird die Akupunktur auch dadurch, dass diese nicht als Doping eingestuft und
weitgehend nebenwirkungsfrei ist. Somit bietet die Akupunktur ein breites
Betätigungsfeld für Therapeuten, die sich für die
Sportmedizin begeistern.
Pflegedokumentation mit epa-PSYC im psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Fachbereich
Authors: Pöllabauer Marianne , Lippach Kristina , Eberl Inge
Published: May 2023

Das LMU Klinikum führte innerhalb von vier Jahren die digitale Pflegedokumentation im akutstationären Bereich ein. In diesem Zusammenhang fand im psychiatrischen und psychosomatischen Fachbereich eine Evaluierung aus Sicht des Pflegepersonals statt, durch die Veränderungen sichtbar wurden. Wir stellen die Ergebnisse sowie konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen vor.
Increase in the Posterior Tibial Slope Provides Better Joint Awareness and Patient Satisfaction in Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Ogawa Hiroyasu , Sengoku Masaya , Nakamura Yutaka , Shimokawa Tetsuya , Ohnishi Kazuichiro , Akiyama Haruhiko
Published: May 2023

The effect of the posterior tibial slope (PTS) in cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR-TKA) on clinical outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate (1) the effect of alteration of the PTS on clinical outcomes, including patient satisfaction and joint awareness, and (2) the relationship between the patient-reported outcomes, the PTS, and compartment loading. Based on the alteration of the PTS after CR-TKA, 39 and 16 patients were stratified into increased and decreased PTS groups, respectively. Clinical evaluation was performed by the Knee Society Score (KSS) 2011 and the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). Compartment loading was intraoperatively assessed. KSS 2011 (symptoms, satisfaction, and total score) was significantly higher (p = 0.018, 0.023, and 0.040, respectively), and FJS (“climbing stairs?”) was significantly lower (p = 0.025) in the increased PTS group compared with the decreased PTS group. The decrease in both medial and lateral compartment loading of Δ45°, Δ90°, and ΔFull was significantly greater in the increased PTS group than in the decreased PTS group (p< 0.01 for both comparisons). Medial compartment loading of Δ45°, Δ90°, and ΔFull significantly correlated with KSS 2011 for “symptom” (r = − 0.4042, −0.4164, and −0.4010, respectively; p = 0.0267, 0.0246, and 0.0311, respectively). ΔPTS significantly correlated with medial compartment loading differentials of Δ45°, Δ90°, and ΔFull (r = − 0.3288, −0.3792, and −0.4424, respectively; p = 0.0358, 0.01558, and 0.0043, respectively). Patients with increased PTS showed better symptoms and higher patient satisfaction compared with those with decreased PTS following CR-TKA, possibly due to a greater decrease in compartment loading during knee flexion.Level of evidence:level IV, therapeutic case series.
A 3D-printed pedal fixator for connecting different pedal-operated tools reduces the number of mistakes during endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yzet Clara , Rivory Jérôme , Wallenhorst Thimothee , Grainville Thomas , Legros Romain , Lepilliez V. , Leblanc Sarah , Figueiredo Ferreira Mariana , Perron Léa , Lafeuille Pierre , Mochet Mikael , Virely Mélia , Leplat-Bonnevialle Peggy , Jacques Jeremie , Pioche Mathieu
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims What distinguishes endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from endoscopic mucosal resection is the need for three foot pedals to activate the electrosurgical unit, flushing and knife injection. The lack of connection between the various pedals of different shapes and brands leads to numerous pedals displacements and potential mistakes. The aim of this study was to evaluate an Innovative PEdal FIXator (IPEFIX) to reduce pedal mistakes during ESD.

Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized study. Consecutive ESD procedures were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group with the three pedals free and the IPEFIX group in which the three pedals were linked by IPEFIX. The main outcome evaluated was the number of foot mistakes (wrong pedal, foot push beside the pedal).

Results A total of 107 ESDs were performed by eight experts in five centers. The median number of mistakes per hour of ESD procedure was 0/h in the IPEFIX group and 1.9/h in the control group (P <0.001). The mean number of times to look down to control the position of the pedals was 2.2/h the IPEFIX group and 7.7/h in the control group (P <0.001). Mean replacements of the pedals were 0./h in the IPEFIX group and 1.7/h in the control group (P <0.001). Similar results were obtained in trainees in simulated ESD on animal models.

Conclusions IPEFIX is a simple device to connect different pedals during endoscopic procedures. It helps to reduce the numbers of foot mistakes during ESD and improves operator comfort.
EUS-guided transcolonic drainage and necrosectomy in walled-off necrosis: a retrospective, single-center case series
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed , Novovic Srdan , Schmidt Palle Nordblad , Feldager Hansen Erik , Karstensen John Gásdal
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Transgastric endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage and, if needed, necrosectomy is the preferred treatment in patients with pancreatic walled-off necrosis. EUS-guided transcolonic or transrectal drainage and necrosectomy may serve as a minimally invasive alternative in cases in which transgastric or percutaneous drainage is either impossible or fails to secure sufficient drainage. In this paper, we retrospectively evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the treatment. We included nine patients and found a technical success rate of 100%, clinical success in 89%, and one adverse event (11%). Transrectal/transcolonic endoscopic necrosectomy was needed in seven patients (78%).
From Sweet Molecular Giants to Square Sugars and Vice Versa
Authors: Compain Philippe
Published: May 2023

This account describes our recent studies in the field of glycomimetics. Our efforts in understanding the structural basis of multivalent effects in glycosidase inhibition have led to decisive mechanistic insights supported by X-ray diffraction analyses and to the discovery of multimeric iminosugars displaying one of the largest binding enhancements reported so far for a non-polymeric enzyme inhibitor. Pushing the limits of the inhibitory multivalent effect has also driven progress in synthetic methodology. The unexpected observation of side products en route to the synthesis of our targets has been the starting point of several new synthetic methodologies, including metal-free deoxygenation of alcohols and one-pot double thioglycosylation. In parallel to our work on ‘giant’ neoglycoclusters, we have developed access to original constrained glycomimetics based on a 4-membered ring (‘square sugars’). Carbohydrates with a quaternary (pseudo)anomeric position were also synthesized from exo-glycals through catalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a novel oxidative radical-polar crossover process.

1 Introduction

2 Sweet Giants

3 Multivalency Spin-Offs

4 Sweet Curiosities

4.1 Square Sugars

4.2 From C,C-Glycosides to Formal Glycosylation of Quinones

5 Conclusion
Rare Isolated Cerebellar Metastases in Prostate Cancer: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Ajit Nimmagadda , Tejonath Gadepalli , Pratyusha Bikkina , Zakir Abubacker Ali
Published: May 2023

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting elderly males. Generally, prostate cancer metastases to lymph nodes and skeletal lesions. Brain metastasis from prostate cancer is an uncommon phenomenon. When occurs, it affects the liver and lungs. Less than 1% of the cases show brain metastases, with isolated brain metastases being even more rare. We present the case of a 67-year-old male patient who was diagnosed to have prostate carcinoma and maintained on hormonal therapy. Later, the patient presented with raising serum-68 prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan revealed isolated cerebellar metastasis. He was later treated with whole brain radiotherapy.
The Role of CD36/GPIV in Platelet Biology
Authors: Bendas Gerd , Schlesinger Martin
Published: May 2023

CD36 (also known as platelet glycoprotein IV) is expressed by a variety of different cell entities, where it possesses functions as a signaling receptor, but additionally acts as a transporter for long-chain fatty acids. This dual function of CD36 has been investigated for its relevance in immune and nonimmune cells. Although CD36 was first identified on platelets, the understanding of the role of CD36 in platelet biology remained scarce for decades. In the past few years, several discoveries have shed a new light on the CD36 signaling activity in platelets. Notably, CD36 has been recognized as a sensor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the circulation that mitigates the threshold for platelet activation under conditions of dyslipidemia. Thus, platelet CD36 transduces atherogenic lipid stress into an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The underlying pathways that are affected by CD36 are the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and simultaneously the induction of activatory signaling events. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 secreted by activated platelets binds to CD36 and furthers paracrine platelet activation. CD36 also serves as a binding hub for different coagulation factors and, thus, contributes to the plasmatic coagulation cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on platelet CD36 and presents CD36 as a relevant target for the prevention of thrombotic events for dyslipidemic individuals with an elevated risk for thrombosis.
Inhibitors of Polyphosphate and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
Authors: Vappala Sreeparna , Smith Stephanie A. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Morrissey James H.
Published: May 2023

The contact pathway of blood clotting has received intense interest in recent years as studies have linked it to thrombosis, inflammation, and innate immunity. Because the contact pathway plays little to no role in normal hemostasis, it has emerged as a potential target for safer thromboprotection, relative to currently approved antithrombotic drugs which all target the final common pathway of blood clotting. Research since the mid-2000s has identified polyphosphate, DNA, and RNA as important triggers of the contact pathway with roles in thrombosis, although these molecules also modulate blood clotting and inflammation via mechanisms other than the contact pathway of the clotting cascade. The most significant source of extracellular DNA in many disease settings is in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have been shown to contribute to incidence and severity of thrombosis. This review summarizes known roles of extracellular polyphosphate and nucleic acids in thrombosis, with an emphasis on novel agents under current development that target the prothrombotic activities of polyphosphate and NETs.
Comparative Study of Perinatal Outcome in Uncomplicated Monochorionic Diamniotic versus Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins at a Specialized Twin Clinic—A Prospective Study
Authors: Jakkidi Anusha , Singh Arati , Redishetty Saritha , Kavuri Kamala , Reddy Prathibha , Shah Aditi , Kachakayala Mounika , Kolar Geeta , Vavilala Suseela
Published: May 2023

Background Monochorionic twins have higher perinatal morbidity and mortality than dichorionic twins. However, there is conflicting data on outcomes of uncomplicated monochorionic twins.

Purpose of the Study The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of apparently uncomplicated monochorionic twins to dichorionic twins.

Methods This is a prospective study conducted from August 2019 to December 2020 at a specialized twin clinic. All twins, whose chorionicity was determined before 14 weeks with two live fetuses at 24 weeks, were recruited. Complicated monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia polycythemia syndrome, selective fetal growth restriction before 24 weeks and single or double fetal demise before 24 weeks were excluded. Other exclusion criteria were major congenital and chromosomal abnormalities, higher order multiples, monoamniotic twins, and twins with undetermined chorionicity antenatally. Both the groups were followed till delivery and neonates followed till 28 days. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied and compared.

Results One-hundred forty-eight mothers with dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) and 74 with uncomplicated MCDA were studied. Mean gestational age at delivery was 35 weeks in both the groups. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidities were similar in both, except early onset preeclampsia that was higher in the DCDA group. Prospective risk of stillbirth for DCDA and MCDA after 24 weeks was 1.35 and 4.05%, respectively. Prospective risk of stillbirth for DCDA and MCDA after 30 weeks was 1.49 and 0%, respectively.

Conclusion The maternal and perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated MCDA twins are similar to DCDA twins. Prospective risk of stillbirth after 30 weeks is extremely low. Hence, uncomplicated MCDA twins should not be delivered electively before 36 weeks.
A Case Report on Prenatal Diagnosis of Evolving Cortical Malformations: A Rare Ultrasound Marker
Authors: Shah Aditi , Bharathi Navya , Reddy Tejaswi
Published: May 2023

Malformations of cortical development are rarely diagnosed in utero. Cortical malformations are aberrations in the process of corticogenesis. We report two rare and unique cases of evolving cortical malformation with unusual ultrasonogram markers: (1) narrow cavum septum pellucidum and (2) ill-defined and irregular lateral ventricular borders on the midtrimester anomaly scan. This was further confirmed by fetal brain evaluation on magnetic resonance imaging with additional information on irregular ventricular borders, scattered hyperintensities in the cerebral parenchyma and periventricular area, loss of cerebral layering pattern at 24 weeks gestation in one case, and hemimegalencephaly in another case with a probable diagnosis of evolving cortical malformation. Literature review reveals the above as an unusual presentation on the anomaly scan.
Dynamics of the fractional quantum Hall edge probed by stroboscope measurements of trions
Authors: Kamiyama Akinori , Matsuura Masahiro , Moore John N. , Mano Takaaki , Shibata Naokazu , Yusa Go
Published: May 2023

By using observations from pump-probe stroboscopic confocal microscopy and spectroscopy, we demonstrate the dynamics of trions and the fractional quantum Hall edge on the order of ∼1 ps. The propagation of the quantum Hall edge state excited by a voltage pulse is detected as a temporal change in reflectance in the downstream edge probed by optical pulses synchronized with the voltage pulse. The temporal resolution of such stroboscopic pump-probe measurements is as fast as the duration time of the probe pulse (∼1 ps). This ultra-fast stroboscope measurement enables us to distinguish between the normal mode of edge excitation, known as the edge magneto-plasmon or charge density wave, and other high-energy non-linear excitations. This is the only experimental method available to study the ultra-fast dynamics of quantum Hall edges and makes it possible to derive the metric tensor gμν of the (1+1)=2-dimensional curved spacetime in quantum universe and black hole analogs implemented in the quantum Hall edge.
Luminescence properties related anti-phase domain of alpha-Ga2O3
Authors: Lee Yong-Hee , Gil Byeongjun , Yang Duyoung , Sheen Mi-Hyang , Yoon Euijoon , Park Yongjo , Jang Ho-Won , Yoon Sangmoon , Kim Miyoung , Kim Young-Woon
Published: May 2023

This work investigates the relationship between atomic arrangement and luminescence properties in a high-quality alpha-Ga2O3 thin film grown on an Al2O3 single-crystal membrane. The strain induced by merging domain boundaries shows more significant variability in annular darkfield images even though there is no additional gallium concentration confirmed. The bandgap energy of alpha-Ga2O3 is estimated to be 5.56 eV from the CL measurement in a transmission electron microscope. A peak at 320 nm was observed within the domain, while the domain boundary showed spectrum peaks with 380–480 nm. The anti-phase domain (APD) is formed by the instabilities of Al–O bonding templates provided by the Al2O3 substrate. The APD boundary gives a characteristic wavelength of 350 nm, which is the result of the merging boundary of in-phase and anti-phase domains.
Electromigration in three-dimensional integrated circuits
Authors: Shen Zesheng , Jing Siyi , Heng Yiyuan , Yao Yifan , Tu K. N. , Liu Yingxia
Published: May 2023

The development of big data and artificial intelligence technology is increasing the need for electronic devices to become smaller, cheaper, and more energy efficient, while also having enhanced functionalities. However, the miniaturization of silicon chip technology is approaching its Moore's law (i.e., physical) limits. Thus, the application of three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), in which multiple chips are stacked vertically, provides the most achievable approach for the advancement of post-Moore electronics. In the recent decade, various key techniques have been developed for stacking chips vertically such as through-silicon vias, micro-bumps, low melting point tin–bismuth solders, redistribution layers, and copper-to-copper direct bonding. However, the need for high current densities in these structures results in severe Joule heating, making electromigration (EM) an increasingly challenging problem. This paper reviews studies on EM failures, mechanisms, and potential solutions for the key components of 3D IC packaging.
Liquid metal flexible electronics: Past, present, and future
Authors: Chen Sen , Cui Ziliang , Wang Hongzhang , Wang Xuelin , Liu Jing
Published: May 2023

Flexible electronics is one of the most overwhelming and promising technologies available today, receiving widespread attention from both academia and industry. As it continues to evolve, demands on flexible conductive materials are becoming increasingly prominent. Liquid metals (LMs), which combine the compliance of fluids with the electrical conductivity of metals, are excellent candidates among various material options for fabricating flexible electronics. Following more than a decade of development, LM flexible electronics has become a rather promising research field. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary and interpretation of the typical progress in LM flexible electronics so as to promote further advancement in the area. First, modification strategies of LMs, such as oxidation and composite approaches (doped particles or mixed polymers), are systematically digested to improve their performances and increase the formability involved. Furthermore, we divide the LM flexible electronics into three major architectures (LM flexible electronics with channels, LM printed electronics, and LM/polymer flexible electronics) and introduce the core patterning methods for each type. In addition, we provide an overview of the representative applications of LM flexible electronics in the categories of soft sensors, biomedicine, flexible energy, electronic fabrics, etc. Finally, the current challenges and potential directions of LM flexible electronics are discussed. Overall, the past progress, current situation, and future outlook as outlined in full view in the present article is expected to inspire tremendous new opportunities for further fundamental research or practical explorations of LM flexible electronics in the coming time.
Intense widely controlled terahertz radiation from laser-driven wires
Authors: Bukharskii N. , Korneev Ph.
Published: May 2023

Irradiation of a thin metallic wire with an intense femtosecond laser pulse creates a strong discharge wave that travels as a narrow pulse along the wire surface. This traveling discharge efficiently emits secondary radiation with spectral characteristics that are mostly defined by the wire geometry. Several examples of designs are considered here in the context of generation of intense terahertz radiation with controllable characteristics for various scientific and technological applications. The proposed setup may be easily realized, and it has the merits of robustness, versatility, and high conversion efficiency (reaching several percent) of laser energy to terahertz radiation.
CNT effective interfacial energy and pre-exponential kinetic factor from measured NaCl crystal nucleation time distributions in contracting microdroplets
Authors: Cedeno Ruel , Grossier Romain , Candoni Nadine , Levernier Nicolas , Flood Adrian E. , Veesler Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Nucleation, the birth of a stable cluster from a disorder, is inherently stochastic. Yet up to date, there are no quantitative studies on NaCl nucleation that accounts for its stochastic nature. Here, we report the first stochastic treatment of NaCl-water nucleation kinetics. Using a recently developed microfluidic system and evaporation model, our measured interfacial energies extracted from a modified Poisson distribution of nucleation time show an excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, analysis of nucleation parameters in 0.5, 1.5, and 5.5 pl microdroplets reveals an interesting interplay between confinement effects and shifting of nucleation mechanisms. Overall, our findings highlight the need to treat nucleation stochastically rather than deterministically to bridge the gap between theory and experiment.
Observation of plasma dynamics in a theta pinch by a novel method
Authors: Wang Zhao , Cheng Rui , Wang Guodong , Jin Xuejian , Tang Yong , Chen Yanhong , Zhou Zexian , Shi Lulin , Wang Yuyu , Lei Yu , Wu Xiaoxia , Yang Jie
Published: May 2023

A novel experimental method is proposed for observing plasma dynamics subjected to magnetic fields based on a newly developed cylindrical theta-pinch device. By measuring simultaneously the temporal profiles of multiple parameters including the drive current, luminosity, plasma density, and plasma temperature, it provides a basis for observing the plasma dynamics of the theta pinch, such as shock transport and magnetohydrodynamic instability. We show that the plasma evolution can be distinguished as three phases. First, in the radial implosion phase, the trajectories of the current sheath and shock wave are ascertained by combining experimental data with a snowplow model (Lee model) in a self-consistent way. Second, in the axial flow phase, we demonstrate that m = 0 (sausage) instability associated with the plasma axial flow suppresses the plasma end-loss. Third, in the newly observed anomalous heating phase, the lower-hybrid-drift instability may develop near the current sheath, which induces anomalous resistivity and enhanced plasma heating. The present experimental data and novel method offer better understanding of plasma dynamics in the presence of magnetic fields, thereby providing important support for relevant research in magneto-inertial fusion.
Localized manipulation of spoof surface acoustic skyrmions with deep-subwavelength gradient structures
Authors: Sun Wen-Jun , Wu Hong-Wei , Hu Ping , Zhou Nong , Chen Xue , Yang Yong-Qiang , Sheng Zong-Qiang
Published: May 2023

Skyrmions with stable vector field configurations have produced various derivatives with various topological textures, such as the Néel type, Bloch type, anti-type, and higher-order Néel type. Here, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the vector field configuration of Néel-type skyrmionic modes can be locally manipulated using gradient grooves in a deep-subwavelength three-dimensional multilayer cylindrical structure. We experimentally observe that the skyrmionic modes can be contracted or expanded to manipulate the distribution of the velocity vectors by tuning the groove depth gradient along the structural radius, which is robust against structural deformations and defects. This type of controllable acoustic skyrmion provides new dimensions for advanced sound information processing, transportation, and data storage in compact structures.
Quantifying fluctuations for dynamical power systems with stochastic excitations: A power spectral density-based method
Authors: Qing Xiangyun , He Wangli , Zhou Min , Du Wenli
Published: May 2023

Fluctuations of state variables play a pivotal role in analyzing small signal stability of the power system due to the integration of renewable energy sources. This paper develops a theoretical analysis methodology by using the power spectral density (PSD) for capturing the frequency and amplitude of state variable fluctuations in heterogeneous power systems with stochastic excitations. The fluctuations in generation and consumption occurring simultaneously are modeled by stochastic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. The PSDs of the state variable fluctuations can be analytically calculated. PSD-based quantities have been proposed to evaluate angle and frequency deviations. Moreover, a global performance metric has been presented to measure the synchronization stability and calculated using the PSDs of frequency deviations. The underlying mathematical relationship between the metric and the primary control effort mimicking the H2-norm performance is explained in detail. Finally, the proposed analysis methodology is numerically illustrated on the IEEE RTS-96 test case. We investigate the impact of auto-correlations of stochastic processes on stability. Our results show the metric can be an alternative quantitative index of stability. We further find that the inertia allocation does not provide significant grid stability gain under small stochastic power fluctuations.
An on-demand source of energy-entangled electrons using levitons
Authors: Bertin-Johannet B. , Raymond L. , Ronetti F. , Rech J. , Jonckheere T. , Grémaud B. , Martin T.
Published: May 2023

We propose a source of purely electronic energy-entangled states implemented in a solid-state system with potential applications in quantum information protocols based on electrons. The proposed device relies on the standard tools of electron quantum optics and exploits entanglement of the Cooper pairs of a BCS superconductor. The latter is coupled via an adjustable quantum point contact to two opposite spin-polarized electron wave-guides, which are driven by trains of Lorentzian pulses. This specific choice for the drive is crucial to inject purely electronic entangled states devoid of spurious electron–hole pairs. In the Andreev regime, a perturbative calculation in the tunnel coupling confirms that entangled electrons states are generated at the output of the normal side. For arbitrary tunnel coupling and for a periodic drive, direct current and noise (auto and cross correlations) are computed numerically using a Keldysh–Nambu–Floquet formalism. Importantly, for a periodic drive, the production of these states can be controlled in time, thus implementing an on-demand source of entangled states. We exploit realistic experimental parameters for our device to identify its optimal functioning point.
Controllable tuning of ferroelectric switching via the lattice in crystallographically engineered molecular ferroelectrics
Authors: Ma Junpeng , Li Ming-Ding , Wang Fang , Li Chen , Shen Qun-Dong
Published: May 2023

Reducing the switching energy and improving the switching speed of ferroelectrics remain an important goal in the pursuit of electronic devices with ultralow energy consumption and ultrafast response. Molecular ferroelectrics with concise dipole switching mechanism and facile structural tunability are a good platform for manipulating the ferroelectric domains. A methodology is demonstrated to manipulation of ferroelectric domain switching by tailor-made lattice parameters of molecular ferroelectrics, by following which, we succeeded in lowering the threshold electric field and improving the dynamics of ferroelectric switching. Our findings advance the fundamental understanding of microscopic mechanism and provide important insights in controllable tuning of ferroelectric domain switching.
Investigation of orthogonal spin–orbit fields in crystalline ferromagnetic films with four-fold in-plane magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Han Kyoul , Lee Kyung Jae , Lee Sanghoon , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margaret , Furdyna Jacek K.
Published: May 2023

We report an investigation of current-induced spin–orbit fields (SOFs) in a crystalline (Ga,Mn)As ferromagnetic film with four-fold in-plane anisotropy. By designing a Hall device with current channels along crystallographic 〈100〉 directions, we observe the effects of SOFs in all four magnetization transitions over the four 〈110〉 hard axes of the film. The SOF effects are observed in the form of opposite shifts of angles at which the magnetization of the film switches sign for opposite current polarities in anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements carried out as the applied magnetic field was rotated. Note that the Dresselhaus- and Rashba-type SOFs generated by currents flowing along the 〈100〉 directions—as in the device designed for the present experiments—are orthogonal to one another and can thus be separated by appropriate analysis of AMR. The analysis of experimental results based on magnetic free energy, in which the effects of SOFs are included, reveals that the Dresselhaus-type SOF is much stronger than the Rashba-type SOF. The values of the two SOFs obtained independently with currents flowing either along the [100] or [010] channels are consistent with each other, showing the reliability of the above-mentioned approach for investigating SOFs in ferromagnetic films.
Ab initio simulation of peak evolutions and beating maps for electronic two-dimensional signals of a polyatomic chromophore
Authors: Zhan Siying , Gelin Maxim F. , Huang Xiang , Sun Kewei
Published: May 2023

By employing the doorway-window (DW) on-the-fly simulation protocol, we performed ab initio simulations of peak evolutions and beating maps of electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectra of a polyatomic molecule in the gas phase. As the system under study, we chose pyrazine, which is a paradigmatic example of photodynamics dominated by conical intersections (CIs). From the technical perspective, we demonstrate that the DW protocol is a numerically efficient methodology suitable for simulations of 2D spectra for a wide range of excitation/detection frequencies and population times. From the information content perspective, we show that peak evolutions and beating maps not only reveal timescales of transitions through CIs but also pinpoint the most relevant coupling and tuning modes active at these CIs.
Phase-resolved optical characterization of nanoscale spin waves
Authors: Wojewoda Ondřej , Hrtoň Martin , Dhankhar Meena , Krčma Jakub , Davídková Kristýna , Klíma Jan , Holobrádek Jakub , Ligmajer Filip , Šikola Tomáš , Urbánek Michal
Published: May 2023

We study theoretically and experimentally the process of Brillouin light scattering on an array of silicon disks on a thin Permalloy layer. We show that phase-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy performed on an array of weakly interacting dielectric nanoresonators can detect nanoscale waves and measure their dispersion. In our experiment, we were able to map the evolution of the phase of the spin wave with a wavelength of 204 nm and a precision of 6 nm. These results demonstrate the feasibility of all-optical phase-resolved characterization of nanoscale spin waves.
InAlN cladding implementation in green superluminescent diodes and lasers
Authors: Malinverni M. , Castiglia A. , Rossetti M. , Ferhatovic A. , Martin D. , Duelk M. , Vélez C.
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate state-of-the-art superluminescent light emitting diodes emitting in the green spectral range with InAlN n-type claddings. The implementation of an InAlN optical blocking layer for suppressing modal substrate leakage leading to high farfield quality is first reported. An optimized structure by optical mode simulations featuring a bottom n-type InAlN cladding layer is then presented. Compared to conventional AlGaN cladding based devices, the electro-optical performance, optical confinement, and modal substrate leakage are greatly improved. Performance improvements in green laser diode devices are also presented.
Radio frequency cantilever-free scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Kim Gwangmook , Cho YoungJun , Cho Min-Kyun , Kim Dohun , Shim Wooyoung
Published: May 2023

Cantilever-free scanning probe microscopy has enormous potential for high-throughput topography imaging using parallel probe arrays. However, the current imaging mechanism of the cantilever-free tip architecture hardly considers the efficiency of the detection method regarding precision and bandwidth, which could be a bottleneck to expanding the application of this measurement system. In this communication, we present a contact resistance-based cantilever-free imaging system using radio frequency (RF) reflectometry. RF reflectometry measurements provide sensitive detection of the contact resistance with a wide bandwidth, enabling sub-micrometer-scale topography imaging. We demonstrated our imaging system using a carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane composite tip with a custom-built RF reflectometry setup. The proof-of-concept system achieved a resolution of 230 nm and a bandwidth of the detection system of approximately 8.5 MHz, validating the feasibility of the imaging technique for potential high-throughput cantilever-free scanning probe microscopy.
A review of psilocybin: chemistry, clinical uses and future research directions
Authors: Milliken Eliza , Galettis Peter , Martin Jenny
Published: May 2023

Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin, ketamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are 5HT2A serotonin receptor agonists that produce individualised subjective affects. Today, public interest in psychedelic medicine has reached a fervour but the evidence for clinical benefit still lags. Psilocybin and psilocin are tryptophan based alkaloids found worldwide in mushrooms of the genera Psilocybe, Panaeolus, Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Stropharia, Pluteus and Panaeolina. This review addresses the current evidence base for psilocybin as a clinical medicine, the general chemistry and proposed mechanism of its therapeutic effect and future research directions for psilocybin based therapies.
Female mate choice in the fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) influences offspring sex ratio, but not fecundity
Authors: Gill Brittney P. , Edwards Amy M. , Parrott Marissa L. , Scicluna Emily L. , Robert Kylie A.
Published: May 2023

Obtaining a suitable mate is an integral part of reproduction, with sexual selection processes such as female mate choice resulting in both direct and/or indirect benefits. Here, we investigated whether olfactory driven female mate choice influenced reproductive success in captive fat-tailed dunnarts (Sminthopsis crassicaudata). Although females spent 67% more time with a preferred male’s scent, reproductive success was not influenced by assigned mate choice. Of the 10 (of 12) litters that survived to weaning, average litter size was higher for non-preferred pairings (3 ± 0.83) compared with preferred pairings (1.6 ± 0.60), with weaning success equal for both pairings. Analyses suggested that offspring sex ratios were influenced by mate choice, with females paired with their preferred mate having more daughters (81%) in comparison to non-preferred pairings (44%) and by paternal body condition, whereby females paired with males in better body condition produced more sons. In this species, altering offspring sex ratios in favour of daughters may be achieved by pairing with preferred males, and towards sons by pairing with males in better body condition. With the increasing need for captive breeding programs, these techniques may provide opportunities to correct sex ratio biases and incorporate natural mating systems into conservation programs.
Consistently estimating network statistics using aggregated relational data
Authors: Breza Emily , Chandrasekhar Arun G. , Lubold Shane , McCormick Tyler H. , Pan Mengjie
Published: May 2023

Collecting complete network data is expensive, time-consuming, and often infeasible. Aggregated Relational Data (ARD), which ask respondents questions of the form “How many people with trait X do you know?” provide a low-cost option when collecting complete network data is not possible. Rather than asking about connections between each pair of individuals directly, ARD collect the number of contacts the respondent knows with a given trait. Despite widespread use and a growing literature on ARD methodology, there is still no systematic understanding of when and why ARD should accurately recover features of the unobserved network. This paper provides such a characterization by deriving conditions under which statistics about the unobserved network (or functions of these statistics like regression coefficients) can be consistently estimated using ARD. We first provide consistent estimates of network model parameters for three commonly used probabilistic models: the beta-model with node-specific unobserved effects, the stochastic block model with unobserved community structure, and latent geometric space models with unobserved latent locations. A key observation is that cross-group link probabilities for a collection of (possibly unobserved) groups identify the model parameters, meaning ARD are sufficient for parameter estimation. With these estimated parameters, it is possible to simulate graphs from the fitted distribution and analyze the distribution of network statistics. We can then characterize conditions under which the simulated networks based on ARD will allow for consistent estimation of the unobserved network statistics, such as eigenvector centrality, or response functions by or of the unobserved network, such as regression coefficients.
An empirical Bayes method for differential expression analysis of single cells with deep generative models
Authors: Boyeau Pierre , Regier Jeffrey , Gayoso Adam , Jordan Michael I. , Lopez Romain , Yosef Nir
Published: May 2023

Detecting differentially expressed genes is important for characterizing subpopulations of cells. In scRNA-seq data, however, nuisance variation due to technical factors like sequencing depth and RNA capture efficiency obscures the underlying biological signal. Deep generative models have been extensively applied to scRNA-seq data, with a special focus on embedding cells into a low-dimensional latent space and correcting for batch effects. However, little attention has been paid to the problem of utilizing the uncertainty from the deep generative model for differential expression (DE). Furthermore, the existing approaches do not allow for controlling for effect size or the false discovery rate (FDR). Here, we present lvm-DE, a generic Bayesian approach for performing DE predictions from a fitted deep generative model, while controlling the FDR. We apply the lvm-DE framework to scVI and scSphere, two deep generative models. The resulting approaches outperform state-of-the-art methods at estimating the log fold change in gene expression levels as well as detecting differentially expressed genes between subpopulations of cells.
oskaracts with the transcription factor Creb to regulate long-term memory in crickets
Authors: Kulkarni Arpita , Ewen-Campen Ben , Terao Kanta , Matsumoto Yukihisa , Li Yaolong , Watanabe Takayuki , Kao Jonchee A. , Parhad Swapnil S. , Ylla Guillem , Mizunami Makoto , Extavour Cassandra G.
Published: May 2023

Novel genes have the potential to drive the evolution of new biological mechanisms, or to integrate into preexisting regulatory circuits and contribute to the regulation of older, conserved biological functions. One such gene, the novel insect-specific geneoskar,was first identified based on its role in establishing theDrosophila melanogastergerm line. We previously showed that this gene likely arose through an unusual domain transfer event involving bacterial endosymbionts and played a somatic role before evolving its well-known germ line function. Here, we provide empirical support for this hypothesis in the form of evidence for a neural role foroskar. We show thatoskaris expressed in the adult neural stem cells of a hemimetabolous insect, the cricketGryllus bimaculatus. In these stem cells, called neuroblasts,oskaris required together with the ancient animal transcription factorCrebto regulate long-term (but not short-term) olfactory memory. We provide evidence thatoskarpositively regulatesCreb, which plays a conserved role in long-term memory across animals, and thatoskarin turn may be a direct target of Creb. Together with previous reports of a role foroskarin nervous system development and function in crickets and flies, our results are consistent with the hypothesis thatoskar’s original somatic role may have been in the insect nervous system. Moreover, its colocalization and functional cooperation with the conserved pluripotency genepiwiin the nervous system may have facilitatedoskar’s later co-option to the germ line in holometabolous insects.