bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Garden of Network Delights
Authors: Han David
Published: December 2024

The Garden of Network Delights is a WebGL virtual environment entirely composed of media assets freely obtained from online sources and inspired by the found footage and collage practices of earlier film and video artists. Drawing on the work of Joseph Cornell, Chick Strand, Dara Birnbaum, Emergency Broadcast Network, Arthur Lipsett, Abigail Child, and Bruce Conner, this project celebrates and re-applies the methods of earlier artists who found, borrowed, stole, appropriated, repurposed, recycled, and reused the cultural material available to them. This work is a garden, a junkyard, a garage sale, a thrift store, and an archive all at once. Since every aspect of the work is obtained from a freely available Internet source, it is an environment that borrows from those that borrow, a copy of a copy of a copy. A representation of a mass produced object, which itself represents something beyond itself. Through the proliferation of these media artifacts - 3D models, images, videos, sounds - the meaning is both somehow ever present, residing on the surface, and always one more step away, on a deeper level. Or perhaps it has calcified within the server rooms of some anonymous data center.
Incantations for a Competitive Spirit
Authors: McWharter Kristin
Published: December 2024

Incantations for a Competitive Spirit is an artwork by artist Kristin McWharter that uses the Community Game Development Toolkit (CGDT) and the text-to-image AI models DALLE2 and Adobe Firefly to craft an interactive digital environment of speculative sports arenas. As an extension of the artist’s series sport work, the work poses investigations into interactive gestures that explore and speculate upon competitive spectacle. Within the interactive 3D website, rituals of competitive drive navigate audiences through visually captivating and otherworldly athletic venues, each born from the digital alchemy of competitive spirits and athletic memory. The AI-generated arenas dream through the mythologies and histories of how sport ritual weaves itself into culture.
Identifying determinants of γ’ phase coarsening behavior in Co/CoNi-based superalloys with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Sun Linlin , Ma Qingshuang , Zhang Jingwen , Yu Liming , Xiong Jie , Li Huijun , Gao Qiuzhi
Published: December 2024

The coarsening of γ’ phases in superalloys is influenced by multiple factors and significantly impacts mechanical properties, such as strength and creep resistance. While classical kinetic theory delineates the coarsening mechanisms of γ’ phases, it has limitations when excessive coarsening occurs. The challenge of identifying the pivotal factors that markedly affect the kinetic behavior of γ’ phase coarsening remains largely unresolved. This study utilized eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models to identify the CP and CPAE features that characterize the coarsening behavior of γ’ phases in Co/CoNi-based superalloys. Through meticulous analysis of CP features [aging temperature (T ), the atomic fraction of the Ti element (c Ti), the atomic fraction of the V element (c V), and the atomic fraction of the Ta element (c Ta)] and CPAE features [T , Young’s modulus (E ), electronegativity (EN ), atomic radius (r ), c Ti, the differences of atomic radius (σr ), and the differences of electronegativity (σEN )], we derived explicit mathematical expressions using symbolic classification approach, which offers improved interpretability compared to traditional black-box models. Our findings indicate that T , c Ti, c Ta, E and σr are dominant factors influencing γ’ coarsening behavior across different Co/CoNi-based superalloys. Notably, T , c Ti, c Ta and σr exhibit an inverse correlation with the γ’ coarsening behavior, whereas E shows a positive correlation. These insights provide valuable guidance for determining whether coarsening occurs in newly designed alloys. Furthermore, they facilitate the design of innovative anti-coarsening Co/CoNi-based superalloys. This knowledge is instrumental in enhancing alloy formulations, ensuring their performance and longevity in demanding environments where thermal stability is paramount.
НАНАНОАРТ ТА МЕТАЛУРГІЯ: СИМБІОЗ МИСТЕЦТВА ТА НАНОТЕХОЛОГІЙ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ
Authors: Воденнікова О.С. , Воденніков С.А. , Кучеренко М.А. , Піщенко К.А.
Published: December 2024

У статті представлено впровадження лабораторної роботи «НаноАрт і металургія» для студентів спеціальності «Металургія» в умовах дистанційного навчання. Поєднання науки і мистецтва через дослідження мікро- та макроструктур металів сприяє розвитку творчих здібностей і популяризації українського мистецтва. Створені у стилі НаноАрт картини несуть символічний меседж, закликають до підтримки України та зберігають пам’ять про боротьбу українського народу.
Evaluasi Program Kegiatan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di SMK Negeri 1 Pengasih
Authors: Suhardi Devantri Lismada Wulan Kirani , Wibawa Eka Ary , Hidayati Noor
Published: December 2024

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis evaluasi program proyek penguatan profil pelajar pancasila yang mencakup dalam penentuan tema, implementasi, serta evaluasi program kegiatan di SMK Negeri 1 Pengasih yang berbasis kearifan lokal dengan Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian evaluasi dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui teknik menelaah, memvisualisasikan kejadian, serta merangkum proses kejadian dari data yang terkumpul melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah staf, guru, siswa SMK Negeri 1 Pengasih kelas X dan XI SMK Negeri 1 Pengasih.  Data hasil penelitian diolah dengan tahapan pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian, dan simpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) membentuk tim fasilitator, 2) tema kearifan lokal yang telah ditentukan ini didapatkan berdasarkan kesepakatan yang telah disetujui bersama dengan melakukan rapat 3) adapun terdapat tahapan dalam implementasi kegiatan P5 ini, di antaranya yaitu: a) tahap pengenalan, b) tahap kontekstual, c) tahap aksi, serta d) tahap refleksi dan tindak lanjut, 4) Implementasi evaluasi dapat dilakukan secara menyeluruh dan berfokus pada proses selama kegiatan program berlangsung,.  Serta terdapat faktor penghambat dalam implementasi P5 di SMK Negeri 1 Pengasih, yaitu: kurangnya pemahaman guru terkait program P5, kurangnya arahan dari fasilitator, karakteristik peserta didik yang berbeda
Opportunities and Challenges of AI in Educational Assessment
Authors: Şahin Alper , Thompson Nathan , Ercikan Kadriye
Published: December 2024

In the past few years, as artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLM) have rapidly entered our lives, we have witnessed groundbreaking innovations across numerous fields. The rapid pace of these changes has been met with excitement by some and apprehension by others. However, we all agree that they have made tremendous contributions so far and their contributions in the future will reshape our existence. The field of educational assessment is no exception. With this in mind, we issued a call for a special issue themed “Opportunities and Challenges of AI in Educational Assessment.” which finally included seven distinguished articles on subthemes of fair and responsible use of AI in educational assessment, learning analytics, automated scoring, and real-life examples of AI and LLM.
Flow hydraulics consideration information of the grey water reuse: towards sustainable water management
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh , Raeisi-Vanani Hamid
Published: December 2024

In this article, the effect of water quality on the hydraulic parameters of furrow irrigation was tested with 60 experiments with the quality of fresh water (FW), magnetic (MW) and non-magnetic effluent (WW). It was found that magnetism has no significant effect on the quality parameters of wastewater. Also, the effect of water quality on infiltration parameters such as final infiltration, average infiltration in certain time periods, especially in the advance stage, was not significant. But the final penetration reduction during the test period in MW and WW was more severe than FW and magnetism had little effect. These observations were similar to the results in the average penetration in certain time intervals except for the advance stage. Water quality did not have a significant effect on the time of discharge and progress and regression and the time of reaching the final infiltration. The results showed that the hydraulics of furrow irrigation was more affected by the soil and tillage than the quality of irrigation water and the magnetic field did not change the hydraulic effects of WW compared to MW.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Human Papillomavirus and Its Vaccine Among Medical Students(Mbbs) in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India
Authors: Raghupathi Mahitha
Published: December 2024

Background
According to the WHO, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the name of a group of 200 known viruses. Although they do not cause concerns in most people, infection with some high-risk types such as 16 and 18 causes cancer.Infection with milder strains are more common and tend to cause warts. Persistent HPV infection with high-risk HPV types is the cause of cervical cancer and is associated with cancers of the vulva, vagina, mouth/throat, penis and anus.Prophylactic vaccination against HPV can prevent these cancers. Medical professionals, especially doctors, are the foremost educators of the public in this matter. Hence this study was designed with the intent to identify and understand the amount of knowledge and the attitude towards HPV and its vaccine amongst undergraduate medical students.
Materials and methods
Cross sectional questionnaire based study among medical students
Results
The study was conducted among 728 students belonging to 1st to 4th year MBBS. The mean total knowledge score was 7(SD = 2.712) and the mean attitude score was 4.42(SD = 2.617). The knowledge and attitude of 1st to 4th year students were compared and possible influences that contribute to knowledge were identified(p = 0.0002). Other variables such as source of information, history of recommending the vaccine, reasons for not recommending are also discussed.It is understood that knowledge improves attitude and hence practice towards HPV and its vaccines.
Conclusion
It is concluded that more focus should be given on improving areas of knowledge of HPV to understand and improve its attitude towards it. Introducing comprehensive educational plans and training methods will be beneficial for the long term practice and bridging the gap between partial and complete knowledge. This is crucial as these medical students are the future medical practitioners who will continue this practice until it becomes the norm. By instilling a strong foundation in preventive medicine and epidemiology, we ensure that future doctors are well-prepared to address and manage preventable diseases effectively, thereby contributing to improved public health outcomes and the overall well-being of the community.
Persistent Regional Income Inequalities in Kenya During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Bi-Dimensional Inequality Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Kataoka Mitsuhiko , Kirugi Geoffrey Mwenda
Published: December 2024

Economic downturns affect regions unevenly, highlighting regional income disparities. While some studies find that downturns reduce regional income inequality, others report persistent or worsening disparities. Kenya, the seventh most populous nation in Africa, comprises 47 counties with diverse ethnic and geographical landscapes, where regional income inequality has attracted considerable public attention. This study examined the spatial distribution of per capita Gross County Product (GCP) together with the regional and industrial factors that influenced it both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The bi-dimensional inequality decomposition revealed that the industrial factors driving inequality differed regionally. In the wealthier two regions, the financial and business service sector in Central region and the transportation and communication sectors in North Coast region were the primary contributors to overall inequality. In Rift Valley region, agriculture played the most prominent role. These findings aid in identifying targeted policy interventions. Despite the significant variations in per capita GCP growth rates across counties during the pandemic and subsequent recovery, the study’s analysis confirmed that the regional inequality structure remained stable over the years. While the pandemic did not significantly increase regional disparities, the nearly 10-fold difference between the minimum and maximum GCP per capita highlights the persistently high levels of inequality. This underscores the urgent need for government intervention to promote more balanced regional development.
JEL: D63 N97 O18 P25 R11 R12
Synergies and Trade-offs between Robusta Yield, Carbon Stocks and Biodiversity across Coffee Systems in the DR Congo
Authors: Broeckhoven Ieben , Depecker Jonas , Muliwambene Trésor Kasereka , Honnay Olivier , Merckx Roel , Verbist Bruno
Published: December 2024

The rapid decline of tropical rainforests, particularly in the Congo Basin, is predominantly driven by small-scale subsistence agricultural expansion. Tropical agroforestry, particularly coffee agroforestry, is seen as a potential way to balance agricultural productivity with biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration, despite some possible trade-offs. However, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding these trade-offs within and across coffee systems, especially in Africa. Here, we used a stratified random sampling design and general additive models to examine the relationship between yield, biodiversity, and carbon stocks in four coffee systems in the DR Congo (monocultures, cultivated agroforestry, wild agroforestry, and forest coffee) based on 79 inventoried plots. Our results demonstrate that coffee yields in cultivated agroforestry systems are not significantly different from monocultures, in contrast to lower yields in wild coffee agroforestry due to excessive shading (> 50%). Our study also shows the irreplaceable value of forest coffee systems in terms of biodiversity and carbon sequestration, suggesting that monoculture and agroforestry systems cannot serve as direct substitutes. Forest coffee systems contain three times more total organic carbon (TOC) than the agroforestry systems, which in turn contain almost double the amount of TOC as the coffee monocultures. Our findings revealed a steep decline in woody species diversity, including large changes in community composition, and carbon stocks from forest coffee to agroforestry, with comparatively smaller reductions from agroforestry to monocultures. On the one hand, our study identified convex relationships between woody species diversity and robusta coffee yield, as well as between carbon stocks and robusta yield. On the other hand, synergies are found between carbon stocks and woody plant diversity. One can thus say that coffee agroforestry systems allow the preservation of part of the biodiversity and carbon stocks while also supporting farmer’s livelihood. However, applying EUDR guidelines may hinder the adoption of these agroforestry systems due to the regulation’s inherent binary classification of forest versus non-forest.
Validation of the Brazilian version of the Processes of Change Questionnaire in Weight Management in adults with overweight and obesity in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Quênia , Ziani Paola Rampelotto , Montezano Bruno Braga , Goularte Jeferson Ferraz , Rosa Adriane Ribeiro
Published: December 2024

Background
In Brazil, 57.5% of men and 62.6% of women are considered overweight, highlighting obesity as a public health issue. Obesity increases the risk of various chronic diseases, and most people struggle to maintain weight loss in the long term. The Transtheoretical Model is an approach that considers readiness for behavioral change, and questionnaires like the Process of Change Questionnaire (P-Weight), the Stages of Change Questionnaire (S-Weight) have been developed to assess these changes in weight management. This study aims to analyze the adapted version of the P-Weight in Brazil, relate stages and processes of change, and investigate its correlation with external measures related to eating disorders.
Methods
A total of 656 adults participated in the study, including people in weight loss treatment and people from the general community. All participants responded to the P-Weight), the S-Weight, and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), which assesses risk of eating disorder used as a measure of external validity. Socio-demographic variables were also investigated.
Results
The 33-item P-weight questionnaire showed satisfactory psychometric properties with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.959). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 4-factor model similar to the original Spanish version of P-Weight with a slightly rearrangement of the items (KMO = 0.92, df (528, n = 328) = 8,401.015; p < 0.0001). We found significant associations between processes and stages of change (p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation between the four subscales of P-weight and EAT-26 (p < 0.001). Finally, the mean score of P-Weight was higher in the clinical sample compared to the general community, suggesting the sensitivity to discriminate cases and controls (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study showed the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the P-Weight scale. Therefore, the P-Weight is readily available to help professionals to employ precision interventions to weight loss considering the patient’s motivational stage in combination with their individual use of the cognitive processes of change.
Hypothalamic estrogen receptor α pathway involved in high intensity interval training induced visceral fat loss in premenopausal rats
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Tian Shuai , Du Jinchan , Du Sihao , Chen Wei , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

Background
Visceral fat tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with metabolic diseases. Both high-intensity training (HIT) and moderate-intensity training (MIT) reduce VAT effectively, while HIT might mediate larger VAT loss in females. The estrogen receptor α (ERα) pathway may play a key role. The aim of the present study was to confirm the role of adipose/hypothalamic ERα in HIT/MIT mediated VAT loss, as well as the associated hypothalamic electrophysiology and body catabolism changes in pre- and post menopausal animal models.
Methods
Ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgeries were carried out to establish pre/postmenopausal female rat models. After distance matched long-term HIT and MIT interventions, ERα expression in hypothalamic/VAT, as well as food intake, spontaneous physical activity (SPA), VAT mass and morphology, local field potential (LFPs) in paraventricular nuclei (PVN) and Excessive post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were observed. And a target chemical blocking during the post-exercise recovery period was executed to further verify the role of hypothalamic ERα pathway.
Results
HIT enhanced the expression of ERα in hypothalamus rather than VAT in pre-, but not postmenopausal group, which was accompanied by elevated LFPs power density in α and β bands, enhanced EPOC and larger VAT loss than MIT. Chemical blocking of ERα suppressed EPOC and VAT catabolism mediated by HIT.
Conclusion
During the post-exercise recovery period, hypothalamic ERα pathway involved in the HIT induced EPOC elevation and VAT reduction in premenopausal female rats.
Protocol: A Quasi-Experimental Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Emergency Department Violence Intervention Programmes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Moore Simon C. , Brophy Sinead , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Newbury Annemarie , Hamilton Megan , Battaglia Adele , Lowe Trudy , O'Reilly David , Rawlinson David , Snowdon Lara , Shepherd Jonathan , Sivarajasingam Vaseekaran , Watkins Alan , Walker Simon , Premji Shainur , Aslam Rabeea’h , Borgia Sophie , Yeomans Henry
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Hospital-based violence intervention programmes (HVIPs), based in Emergency Departments (EDs) have been proposed as a public health response to violence. These programmes address the underlying reasons why patients are exposed to violence. In addressing any underlying modifiable risks and vulnerabilities HVIPs can reduce patients’ exposure to violence and therefore subsequent unplanned attendance into ED.
Methods and Analysis
ED patients are eligible for inclusion in the evaluation if they are normally resident in Wales, United Kingdom (UK), aged 11 years and older. A controlled longitudinal natural experiment will be undertaken. The primary outcome is derived from the Emergency Department Dataset, routinely collected for all EDs in Wales, and is subsequent unplanned ED attendance. Case patients will be matched to control patients attending EDs without an HVIP. Analysis will derive the hazard rate for subsequent unplanned ED attendances using recurrent event analysis. The total monthly count of patients identified as attending because of violence in intervention EDs will be compared to the total count of Welsh control EDs in an interrupted time series analysis to determine whether HVIPS increase violence ascertainment. To determine whether referral, versus no referral, to the HVIP represents value for money, we will undertake a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of the National Health Service.
Ethics and Dissemination
The approval to access and analyse data housed in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank, an ISO 27001 certified and UK Statistics Authority accredited secure data environment, was granted by the SAIL independent Information Governance Review Panel (Ref: 1421). Findings will be presented at local, national, and international conferences and disseminated by peer-review publication.
ISRCTN Registration: 41868 (12 August 2022)
Individual mHLA-DR trajectories in the ICU as predictors of early infections following liver transplantation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Delignette Marie-Charlotte , Riff Arnaud , Antonini Teresa , Soustre Tanguy , Bodinier Maxime , Peronnet Estelle , Venet Fabienne , Gossez Morgane , Pantel Solene , Mabrut Jean-Yves , Muller Xavier , Mohkam Kayvan , Villeret François , Erard Domitille , Dumortier Jerôme , Zoulim Fabien , Heyer Laurent , Guichon Céline , Blet Alice , Aubrun Frédéric , Monneret Guillaume , Lebossé Fanny
Published: December 2024

Background Infections are a leading cause of early mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Prior to transplantation, cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction significantly increases the risk of infection. This study investigated the potential of immune monitoring, with a focus on monocytic HLA-DR (mHLA-DR) expression, as a predictor of post-LT complications.Methods We conducted a prospective study on 130 patients awaiting LT at Lyon University Hospital to assess mHLA-DR expression, lymphocyte subsets, and T-cell function before and after LT. Multivariate analysis and K-means longitudinal clustering were performed to explore the relationships between immune trajectories and clinical outcomes.Results Among the 99 patients who underwent LT, 35.4% experienced infections early post-LT. No difference in outcome was found regarding lymphocyte count or function. Delayed mHLA-DR recovery (Day 7 < 11,000 AB/C) and pre-LT MELD scores > 30 emerged as independent infection risk factors, with ORs of 12.1 [4.4–38.2], p < 0.0001 and 4.9 [1.4–18.4], p = 0.01, respectively. Patients with delayed mHLA-DR restoration also had reduced one-year survival (77.8% versus 98.3%, p = 0.003). K-means clustering revealed three distinct mHLA-DR recovery profiles, with the slowest recovery group showing the poorest outcomes.Conclusions Our findings highlight mHLA-DR as an early predictor of post-LT infections. Monitoring post-LT immune function through mHLA-DR expression could guide individualized management strategies to improve outcomes.Trial registration The study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT03995537, date: June 20, 2019.
Association of peripheral neuropathy with dementia in type 2 diabetes: a 5-year follow-up study using the national health insurance service-national health information database
Authors: Jin Heung Yong , Kim Ko Woon , Lee Kyung Ae , Park Tae Sun , Kim Min Ji , Kim Jong Seung
Published: December 2024

Objective
To investigate whether the incidence of dementia is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Information Database, we calculated the incidence of various types of dementia according to type 2 diabetes with or without DPN by applying multivariate Cox regression analysis. Propensity score matching was performed to equalize each group by considering demographic characteristics and underlying conditions.
Results
The incidence of various types of dementia was higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in those without diabetes. The risk of developing dementia was higher in type 2 diabetes with DPN than in type 2 diabetes without DPN, irrespective of dementia type (all dementia: 1.53 vs. 2.1 vs. 1.4, Alzheimer’s disease: 1.46 vs. 1.98 vs. 1.34, vascular dementia: 1.86 vs. 2.75 vs. 1.66, other dementia: 1.62 vs. 2.19 vs. 1.48; all type 2 diabetes vs. type 2 diabetes with DPN vs. type 2 diabetes without DPN compared with non-diabetes). When sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) were used, the incidence of all dementia types was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in patients with type 2 diabetes who did not use SGLT2Is. This pattern was also observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and DPN.
Conclusions
More active diagnostic and prevention efforts are needed to address the risk of developing all forms of dementia, including vascular dementia, in patients with diabetes and DPN.
Yield and nutrient composition of fertigated staked tomato in southern Brazil
Authors: Hahn Leandro , Brancher Thyana Lays , Wamser Anderson Fernando , Parent Léon-Étienne , Brunetto Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Fertigated staked tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) is a highly productive crop grown in Santa Catarina State (SCS), Brazil. The timing and dosage of different inputs have been tested but their integration into a crop model is still pending. Our objective was to decrypt the tomato database using machine learning (ML) methods and to generate nutrient standards at high yield level. Managerial, edaphic, physiological and climatic features were documented at experimental sites from 2006 to 2020 in Caçador, Southern Brazil. Features were related to yield using the Random Forest and Gradient Boosting ML models. The models were accurate (R2 = 0.852-0,855). Tissue nutrients and fertilization were the most important features, followed by climate and soil features. Soil management and previous crops showed little importance. The tissue concentration values were centered-log-ratio (clr) transformed to compute nutrient standards at high yield level. While N is known to impact the incidence of pests, tissue N was loosely related to its clr value where tissue N was adjusted to the geometric mean of all nutrients including those that impact pest incidence. To assess the capacity of ML models and nutrient standards to generalize to unseen cases, universality tests should be conducted in farmers’ fields before general use.
Measuring health-related quality of life in university students: a systematic scoping review with evidence gap map protocol
Authors: Rodrigues Marcelo Couto Jorge , Rocha Augusto Cezar Rodrigues , Couto Crislaine Rangel , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Noll Matias , Freire Auro Barreiros , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Weiss Katja , Rosemann Thomas , Knechte Beat , Costa Gustavo De Conti Teixeira
Published: December 2024

Background Understanding university students' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can help propose strategies that support targeted care for this population and identify issues affecting these individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the commonly used instruments and possible study designs for the university population, enabling the standardization of interventions and instruments to evaluate the HRQoL of university students. We aim to conduct a systematic scoping review to identify the main measurement instruments and key characteristics in studies using HRQoL measures among university students. It is also aimed to create an evidence gap map to characterize the main instruments being used with this population, the design of the study, the age and gender of participants, the study language, the type of responses, and the impact factor of the journals to identify foundations for guiding future research priorities.Methods This review will consider original peer-reviewed articles that used any generic HRQoL measurement instruments exclusively used with university students aged 18–59. Validation, qualitative, language translation, or adaptation studies will be excluded. This review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The research will be conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus). Two reviewers will independently screen records using predefined eligibility criteria and extract data using tables. The extracted data will include specific details about the title, authors, year of publication, HRQoL instrument utilized, participants, intervention design, and critical findings. The results will be presented in a narrative summary with data displayed in tabular and diagrammatic formats.Discussion This proposed systematic scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing methods for assessing health-related quality of life in university students. The results will help identify gaps in the literature and establish a foundation for guiding future research priorities.Systematic review registration Registration with Open Science Framework can be found under registration number 10.17605/OSF.IO/FY9GU
Not one but three species of the naked mole-rat, a new biomedical model
Authors: Šumbera Radim , Uhrová Michaela , Mikula Ondřej , Bryja Josef , Frýdlová Petra , Zemlemerova Elena , Elmi Hassan , Štolhoferová Iva , Tymlová Veronika , Maštera Václav , Frynta Daniel , Lavrenchenko Leonid
Published: December 2024

Modern biomedical research is characterised by a need for new animal models1 and particularly those from unique or challenging environments and with peculiar characteristics seems to be the most promising2,3. Among mammals, the naked mole-rat Heterocephalus glaber from the Horn of Africa is one of such candidates. Although this small hairless exclusively subterranean rodent has attracted the attention of the scientific community for decades, mainly due to its poikilothermy and eusociality, the exponential trajectory of research started in 21st century with discoveries of its longevity, resistance to cancer and tolerance to pain and hypoxia, in addition to many other intriguing phenomena4–6. The genus Heterocephalus has traditionally been considered to include only a single species, but surprisingly, little is known about genetic differences among its natural populations. Here, we report from mitochondrial and nuclear genomic data across its distributional range, the existence of three species of naked mole-rat, namely: H. glaber, H. ansorgei, and H. philipsi. Among them, H. philipsi stands out as being the most distinct. Its divergence from the rest is 4.1 Ma before the present making it considerably older than most recent mammalian species, cf.7. The existence of three species that inhabit different environmental conditions, and especially the occurrence of H. philipsi in extremely harsh areas, opens up new horizons for the use of this model in biomedical and other fields of research.
Cardiopulmonary recirculation in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: the "Monday Morning Phenomenon"
Authors: Zulkarnaev Alexey , Parshina Ekaterina , Dmitriev Ilya , Stepanov Vadim , Fominykh Natalia
Published: December 2024

Background. Cardiopulmonary recirculation (CPR) is a known risk factor for heart failure (HF). Typically, the assessment is performed on the interdialytic day. Hemodialysis (HD) sessions can induce significant hemodynamic changes, which may be important for patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (EF), in whom the risk may be underestimated. Objective. To evaluate the dynamics of CPR due to a HD session following a long interdialytic gap in patients with HF and preserved EF. Methods. The prospective cohort single-arm study included 20 adult HD patients who met the inclusion criteria: EF ≥ 50%, NYHA I-II, AVF volume blood flow (Qa) ≥ 1 L/min, CPR < 30%, interdialytic weight gain < 5%, and eKt/V > 1.2. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography on the third day after the previous HD session (Monday/Tuesday), 1 hour prior to and 2 hours after the session. In addition, the Qa of the brachial artery was measured. ClinicalTrials Id: NCT06394986 (May 01, 2024). Results. A reduction in cardiac preload after HD was evidenced by a decrease in the volume of cardiac chambers, as well as a reduction in pulmonary artery systolic pressure and arterial blood pressure. The EF and Qa slightly decreased (2.46% [95% CI 1.47; 3.45], p < 0.001 and 0.12 l/min [95% CI 0.09; 0.14], p < 0.001, respectively), whereas cardiac output decreased significantly (1.71 L/min [95% CI 0.8; 2.6], p < 0.001). This led to an increase in CPR of 5.1% [95% CI 3.9; 6.4], p < 0.001. As a result, in 5 patients, the CPR exceeded 30% after HD. In the sensitivity analysis, no parameters significantly associated with the variance CPR were identified. Conclusions. Some patients experience a significant increase in CPR after HD. However, the prognostic value of this phenomenon remains unclear. For patients with HF and normal or subnormal CPR measured on the interdialytic day, it is advisable to determine the CPR shortly after HD. This may serve as a 'stress test' to identify hidden hemodynamic disorders and manifest the cardiotoxic effect of AVF.
Evaluation of Capacity Building in Community Health via a Learning-by-Doing Approach: Project Overview and Mixed Method Study Protocol
Authors: Fletcher-Lartey Stephanie Mahalia , Smith Ben J
Published: December 2024

Background
Evaluation capacity building (ECB) is pivotal in advancing health service quality and maximizing impact through evidence-informed practice. This manuscript documents an overview and protocol for the evaluation of the Program Evaluation Skills Learning by Doing (LbD) ECB initiative, implemented within the Western Sydney Local Health District’s Integrated and Community Health (ICH) directorate. The initiative is designed to enhance staff competencies and strengthen organisational infrastructure for effective service evaluation. By employing an integrated ECB model, the initiative seeks to foster a robust environment supportive of evidence-based practices across diverse health services.
Methods
This study employs a comprehensive mixed methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate the LbD initiative. This mixed methodology involves assessing the implementation and outcomes of the three main phases of the initiative: stakeholder engagement; participant selection and project identification; and skills training via an LbD approach. The study aims to elucidate the multifaceted nature of ECB efforts and their application in a community health setting. Quantitative data will be collected through pre- and postintervention surveys to measure changes in skills, attitudes, and organizational support. Qualitative data will be gathered via focus groups and interviews with participants to capture in-depth insights into their experiences and the perceived impact of the initiative.
Discussion
This study provides essential insights into effectively leveraging practitioner training, organizational culture, and systemic support for building the capacity for evidence-informed health service delivery at the community level. By actively involving frontline staff, managers, and leaders in its codesign process, the LbD initiative ensures that evaluation methods are relevant and reflective of real-world settings, thereby enhancing the program's applicability and ownership among participants. The findings are expected to contribute significantly to the fields of research, practice, and policy by offering a replicable model for similar capacity-building initiatives. Additionally, the study addresses the limitations of self-reported data, acknowledges potential biases and emphasizes the importance of triangulating data sources to increase the validity of the findings.
Establish Relationship Between Critical Delay Factors and Rectification Measures for the Malaysian Construction Industry
Authors: Mughal Abid Hussain , Hanipah Mohd Hafizal , Nagapan Sasitharan , Sohu Samiullah , Malang Farhad Ali , Yunus Riduan , Karim Mohd Khairuddin Abd , Alawag Aawag Mohsen , Aziz Zaidah Abdul
Published: December 2024

The construction sector plays a crucial role in Malaysia's socio-economic growth, as high-rise building construction projects contribute approximately 4.7% to 7.2% of the national GDP annually. Despite their importance, project delays continue to present a significant challenge, frequently caused by subpar workmanship, a shortage of labour, ineffective site management, financial limitations, and adverse weather conditions. To capture a diverse range of perspectives from construction professionals, the study used a substantial sample size during data collection, thus bolstering the credibility and applicability of its findings. A carefully designed questionnaire, informed by insights from an initial study, was employed to conduct the survey. The questionnaire consisted of 43 delay factors commonly found in the research literature and seven additional factors from the initial pilot survey. Participants assessed the importance of each delay factor by utilising a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "not significant" to "extremely significant. " The aim was to determine the order and significance of factors causing delays in construction endeavours. Significant findings suggest that a lack of staff, financial challenges, insufficient planning, client approval delays, material scarcity, and ineffective site management primarily cause delays. The challenges have a notable effect on stakeholders, resulting in delays, monetary setbacks, and, in some cases, project rejection. The study emphasises the capability of combining Construction Drone Technology (CDT) with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to address these delays efficiently. The integration significantly improves real-time monitoring, logistics planning efficiency, minimisation of material wastage, and fosters better communication among project teams. Moreover, there is a focus on training project stakeholders, such as consultants and contractors, to improve their grasp of delay factors and strategies for mitigation.
Sulfur modification of PET fibers and lead ion sorption from wastewaters: kinetics and isotherms studies
Authors: Bıyıkoğlu Mutluhan , Kamçı Kübra Günay , Arslan Metin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to contribute to the ongoing research into the chemical modification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, with a view to enhancing their capacity for adsorbing heavy metals, specifically Pb(II) ions, from aqueous solutions. The PET fibers have been grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and further modified with iminodiacetic acid (IDA), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and carbon disulfide (CS2) to improve sorption efficiency. The modifications introduced functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylate, and sulfur-containing moieties, significantly increasing the sorption capacity. The sorption process was evaluated under a range of conditions, including pH, temperature, contact time, and initial ion concentration. The results revealed that Pb(II) ions sorption capacity was maximized at pH 5.0 and a temperature of 35 °C. Among the modified PET fibers, those treated with NaOH and CS2 exhibited the highest sorption capacity (94.14 mg/g), demonstrating superior performance. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the sorption process followed a second order kinetic model. Isotherm analysis indicated that the monolayer sorption mechanism, best described by the Langmuir model, was the most appropriate for the data. The structural and functional changes in the modified fibers were validated through SEM, FTIR, and DSC analyses. This study highlights the potential industrial applications of modified PET fibers as effective adsorbents for removing heavy metals from wastewaters, contributing to environmental pollution control and resource recovery.
Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria Burden in the main Prison Facilities in Uganda
Authors: Byaruhanga Joseph , Kisambu James , Yeka Adoke , Bagonza Arthur
Published: December 2024

Background Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a powerful intervention for reducing mosquito vector density and malaria transmission. Uganda Prison Services (UPS) routinely implements IRS for malaria control in main prison facilities; however, no assessment of its impact has been performed. We assessed the general malaria incidence trends for a period of five years and determined the impact of IRS on malaria incidence in the main prison facilities in Uganda.Methods This study had a cross-sectional design. We compared the malaria incidence trends in two prison facilities, one being an IRS intervention facility and the other being a comparison facility that did not receive an IRS in similar settings over a period of five years (2018–2022) in the central and northern regions of Uganda. Malaria incidence rate trends were generated, and interrupted time series analysis was conducted to assess the impact of IRS on the malaria incidence rate.Results A total of 208 monthly malaria reports from all selected facilities were reviewed. The peak malaria incidence was recorded from September to December across the years in both regions. The lowest incidence rate was recorded from January to March. The average monthly malaria incidence rate for the study period was much lower among the intervention facilities (7.1 and 13.3 cases per 1000 people per month for the central and northern regions, respectively) than among the comparison facilities (177.0 and 170.6 cases per 1000 people per month for the central and northern regions, respectively). The post-IRS intervention periods had lower malaria incidence rates than the pre-IRS periods across the intervention facilities in both regions. The IRS intervention had a statistically significant effect on reducing the malaria incidence rate in the intervention facility located in the northern region (slope: P = 0.001, CI = [21.9, 67.7]).Conclusion In general, indoor residual spraying reduced the malaria incidence rate among the intervention facilities in both regions, but a significant impact was recorded in the northern region, which is a region with higher malaria transmission rates than the central region. In situations of limited resources, IRS implementation should prioritize prisons located in high malaria transmission areas to achieve significant impacts.
From Testing to Evaluation of NLP and LLM Systems: An Analysis of Researchers and Practitioners Perspectives through Systematic Literature Review and Developers’ Community Platforms Mining
Authors: Asgari Ali , Guerriero Antonio , Pietrantuono Roberto , Russo Stefano
Published: December 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) are core components of applications driven by Artificial Intelligence, today widely spread in many fields including healthcare, finance, legal services. The evaluation of quality attributes of NLP/LLM-based systems is currently of great interest of researchers as well as of professionals.
This study presents an analysis of the evaluation of quality attributes of NLP/LLM-based systems in the perspectives of both researchers and practitioners. The former is based on a systematic review of the scientific literature. The latter is based on data mined from professional platforms (StackOverflow, DataScience Stack-Exchange, AI StackExchange) used by developers’ communities to share knowledge and technical solutions.
The systematic literature review features a quantitative analysis of: 1) the quality attributes that researchers target in their NLP/LLMs evaluation studies; 2) the tasks, datasets and models used, and 3) the evaluation methods employed in research studies.
The mining of discussion data from professional platforms features a trend analysis of the significance of quality attributes and of the difficulty of their evaluation in the developers’ perspective.
Overall, the comparison between researchers’ and practitioners’ perspectives provides insights on how challenges related to the evaluation of NLP/LLM quality attributes are addressed, reveals several interesting differences, and draws useful implications for both.
Identification and arrangement of sub watersheds to soil corrosion and deposit profit exposure using RUSLE
Authors: Askari Kaveh Ostad Ali , Kianmehr Peiman
Published: December 2024

The properties of soil corrosion are worst in developed nations, where agriculturalists are impotent to recover soil productiveness applying acquired inputs. Data on terrestrial damage is indispensable for endorsing agronomic efficiency and natural resource organization. Simulation mockups are the most operative method to forecast soil corrosion procedures and their result by applying GIS (Geographic Information System) and RS (Remote Sensing). The soil loss was assessed by applying the Revised Universal Soil Equation (RUSLE) prototypical to defining zones that need previous soil preservation procedures and to forecast the quantity of soil loss at the Dalkhani basin. The layers were then covered and increased pixel by pixel, applying the RUSLE prototypical and raster calculator-reusing instrument in Arc GIS 10 situation. The discovery of this investigation includes spatially dispersed soil loss degree and a corrosion peril plan of the investigation zone. Yearly soil losses variety from 0 in the plains of the watershed to more than 510 tons ha-1.5 year-1.5 in much of the sharper grades on branches. Topographical roughness and low flora protection donate to very high soil corrosion in these zones. Therefore, organizers should adapt their soil and water preservation procedures operation plans by investment in the very crucial portion of the watershed first and then increasingly to the required some portion to prevent the effect of runoff at its beginning point.