bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach for History Matching of Multiscale-Fracture Reservoirs
Authors: Yao Mengbi , Chang Haibin , Li Xiang , Zhang Dongxiao
Published: May 2019

Naturally or hydraulically fractured reservoirs usually contain fractures at various scales. Among these fractures, large-scale fractures might strongly affect fluid flow, making them essential for production behavior. Areas with densely populated small-scale fractures might also affect the flow capacity of the region and contribute to production. However, because of limited information, locating each small-scale fracture individually is impossible. The coexistence of different fracture scales also constitutes a great challenge for history matching. In this work, an integrated approach is proposed to inverse model multiscale fractures hierarchically using dynamic production data. In the proposed method, a hybrid of an embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) and a dual-porosity/dual-permeability (DPDP) model is devised to parameterize multiscale fractures. The large-scale fractures are explicitly modeled by EDFM with Hough-transform-based parameterization to maintain their geometrical details. For the area with densely populated small-scale fractures, a truncated Gaussian field is applied to capture its spatial distribution, and then the DPDP model is used to model this fracture area. After the parameterization, an iterative history-matching method is used to inversely model the flow in a fractured reservoir. Several synthetic cases, including one case with single-scale fractures and three cases with multiscale fractures, are designed to test the performance of the proposed approach.
A Study of Formation Damage of Selective Mineralogy Due to Bacterial Plugging
Authors: Ghalambor A. , Hayatdavoudi A. , Shahidi-Asl M.
Published: May 2019

This study investigates the nature of formation plugging due to growth of bacteria on formation minerals. Experiments were performed by injecting live bacteria cells through pipettes packed separately with different clay and non-clay minerals. A total of eight minerals: non-clay (Quartz, Feldspar, Calcite and Olivine) and clay (illite, Kaolin, Calcium montmorillonite and Sodium montmorillonite) were tested. Bacteria used for the experiment was Bacillus Cereus. A 10% Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) solution as a brine was passed through packed minerals, and the flow rates were recorded periodically before and after the bacteria injection. Pressure, temperature and concentration of bacteria cells were held constant during the experiments. The absolute permeability of packed minerals was determined by using Darcy's equation. Plugging effects were analyzed using the percentage ratio of reduced absolute permeability to the initial absolute permeability versus pore volume.

The Zeta Potential reading was measured from each mineral under test before and after its interaction with bacteria. This was another way to test the affinity of bacteria toward any particular mineral and their subsequent accumulation around that mineral in the pore space. For this purpose, particle micro-electrophoresis instrument was used to measure zeta potential of the bacteria, the minerals under test, and their interaction.

Permeability measurements and zeta potential readings indicate that the type of mineral present had a significant effect on plugging characteristics of the formation. It was determined that Olivine as compared with other minerals tested had the highest tendency to attract bacteria. These studies also showed that both clays, Calcium and Sodium montmorillonite carry a larger net negative charge than other minerals after interaction with bacteria. To be certain about the accuracy of the results of mineral-bacterial interaction, the optical density of mineral solutions before and after injection of bacteria were measured. Growth of bacteria on the minerals was also verified through the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Tranexamic acid for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (The HALT-IT trial): Statistical analysis plan for an international, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Brenner Amy Charlotte , Afolabi Adefemi , Ahmad Syed Masroor , Arribas Monica , Chaudhri Rizwana , Coats Timothy , Cuzick Jack , Gilmore Ian , Hawkey Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Javaid Kiran , Kayani Aasia , Mutti Muttiullah , Nadeem Muhammad Arif , Shakur-Still Haleema , Stanworth Simon , Veitch Andrew , Roberts Ian
Published: May 2019

Background:
Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an important cause of mortality worldwide. Bleeding can occur from the upper or lower GI tract, with upper GI bleeding accounting for most cases. The main causes include peptic ulcer / erosive mucosal disease, oesophageal varices and malignancy. The case fatality rate is around 10% for upper GI bleeding and 3% for lower GI bleeding. Rebleeding affects 5-40% of patients and is associated with a four-fold increased risk of death. Tranexamic acid (TXA) decreases bleeding and the need for blood transfusion in surgery and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma and postpartum haemorrhage. It reduces bleeding by inhibiting the breakdown of fibrin clots by plasmin. Due to the methodological weaknesses and small size of the existing trials, the effectiveness and safety of TXA in GI bleeding is uncertain. The HALT-IT trial aims to provide reliable evidence about the effects of TXA in acute upper and lower GI bleeding.

Methods:
The HALT-IT trial is an international, randomised, double blind (participant and trial staff), placebo-controlled trial of tranexamic acid in 12,000 adults (increased from 8,000) with acute upper or lower GI bleeding. Eligible patients are randomly allocated to receive tranexamic acid (1g loading dose followed by 3g maintenance dose over 24 hours) or matching placebo. The main analysis will compare those randomised to tranexamic acid with those randomised to placebo on an intention-to-treat basis, presenting the results as effect estimates (relative and absolute risks) and confidence intervals. The primary outcome is death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation and secondary outcomes are rebleeding, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, thromboembolic events, complications, endoscopic, radiological and surgical interventions, blood transfusion requirements, disability (defined by a measure of patient’s self-care capacity) and number of days spent in intensive care or high dependency units. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome will consider time to treatment, location of bleeding, cause of bleed and clinical Rockall score.

Discussion:
We present the statistical analysis of the HALT-IT trial. This plan was published before the treatment allocation was un-blinded.
Full Accuracy of Machine Learning for Differentiation between Optic Neuropathies and Pseudopapilledema
Authors: Ahn Jin Mo , Kim Sangsoo , Ahn Kwang-Sung , Cho Sung-Hoon , Kim Ungsoo
Published: May 2019

Background: This study is to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning for differentiation between optic neuropathies and pseudopapilledema (PPE).
Methods : Two hundred and ninety-five images of optic neuropathies, 295 images of PPE, and 779 control images were used. Pseudopapilledema was defined as follows: cases with elevated optic nerve head and blurred disc margin, with normal visual acuity (>0.8 Snellen visual acuity), visual field, color vision, and pupillary reflex. The optic neuropathy group included cases of ischemic optic neuropathy (177), optic neuritis (48), diabetic optic neuropathy (17), papilledema (22), and retinal disorders (31). We compared four machine learning classifiers (our model, GoogleNet Inception v3, 19-layer Very Deep Convolution Network from Visual Geometry group (VGG), and 50-layer Deep Residual Learning (ResNet)). Accuracy and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were analyzed
Results: The accuracy of machine learning classifiers ranged from 95.89% to 98.63% (our model: 95.89%, Inception V3: 96.45%, ResNet: 98.63%, and VGG: 96.80%). A high AUROC score was noted in both ResNet and VGG (0.999).
Conclusions: Machine learning techniques can be combined with fundus photography as an effective approach to distinguish between PPE and elevated optic disc associated with optic neuropathies.
Autophagy protects against retinal cell death in mouse model of cytomegalovirus retinitis
Authors: Mo Juan , Atherton Sally S , Wang Liya , Liu Susu
Published: May 2019

Background: Extensive death of uninfected bystander neuronal cells is an important component of the pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV). Our previous results have shown that there is a functional relationship between autophagy and apoptosis during MCMV infection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The purpose of this study was to determine whether autophagy plays a significant role in the death of retinal cells during MCMV retinitis.
Methods: The retinas of adult BALB/c mice were infected with MCMV via supraciliary injection. Rapamycin was injected to MCMV-infected BALB/c mice intraperitoneally. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to observe the spread pattern of virus in retinas and the levels of targeted proteins. Plaque assay was performed to determine the virus titer in different groups. Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice were genotyped and infected with MCMV. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the type of virus-infected cells and apoptosis in retinas during MCMV retinitis.
Results: In MCMV mouse model, MCMV infection in our nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) in the retinas caused cleaved caspase 3 positive apoptosis, which is not co-localized with early antigen (EA) positive virus infected cells in rapamycin treated group. Rapamycin treatment increased the levels of LC3B-II by inhibiting mTOR and decreased the levels of cleaved caspase-3 during MCMV retinitis. However, virus propagation was not affected by rapamycin. In Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice, RPE and glial cells were the main targets of viral infection, and number of EA positive retinal cells and TUNEL positive retinal cells was significantly increased compared to Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/+ mice though there was no difference of virus propagation between Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/flox mice and Nestin-cre; Atg5flox/+ mice.
Conclusions: Autophagy protects retinal cells from MCMV infection induced apoptosis through mTOR-mediated signaling pathway.
PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIAC PROTECTION: WHAT IS NEW?
Authors: Kozlov I. A.
Published: May 2019

The lecture is devoted to the current state of pharmacological cardiac protection in patients with a high cardiac risk undergoing non-cardiac and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. It describes the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic reperfusion myocardial damage. The possible cardioprotection mechanisms when using inhalation anesthetics, β-adrenoreceptor blocking agents, calcium channel blockers, statins, nitrates, α2 -agonists, ACE inhibitors and sartans, levosimendan, phosphocreatine, and glucose-insulin-potassium mixture are analyzed. New research data are reviewed, including recent meta-analyses and extensive randomized studies aimed to assess the efficacy of the above medicines. It presents contemporary clinical guidelines on the use of pharmacological cardioprotection in various clinical situations. It has been concluded that the range of drugs recommended for cardioprotection is constantly changing in accordance with latest data, and updating the scientific information on this issue is an important to improve the professional competence of anesthesiologists and emergency physicians.
Finite temperature effects on Majorana bound states in chiral $p$-wave superconductors
Authors: Røising Henrik , Ilan Roni , Meng Tobias , Simon Steve , Flicker Felix
Published: May 2019

We study Majorana modes bound to vortex cores in a chiral
\bm{p}𝐩-wave
superconductor at temperatures non-negligible compared to the
superconducting gap. Thermal occupation of Caroli de Gennes-Matricon
(CdGM) states, below the full gap, causes the free energy difference
between the two fermionic parity sectors to decay algebraically with
increasing temperature. The power law acquires an additional factor of
\bm{T^{-1}}𝐓−1
for each bound state thermally excited. The zero-temperature result is
exponentially recovered well below the minigap (lowest-lying CdGM
level). Our results suggest that temperatures larger than the minigap
may not be disastrous for topological quantum computation. We discuss
the prospect of precision measurements of pinning forces on vortices as
a readout scheme for Majorana qubits.
Impact of biotic interactions on the survival of emerging pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in aquatic media
Authors: Dekić Svjetlana , Hrenović Jasna , Herlyn Holger , Špoljar Maria , Ivanković Tomislav
Published: May 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in immunocompromised patients. Recent studies recorded its persistence in a variety of abiotic conditions, but data regarding the biotic interactions with other microorganisms are limited. The aim was to assess the interaction of clinically relevant A. baumannii with common faecal bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium. Additionally, the interaction with a bdelloid rotifer Adineta vaga as a potential agent for biological control of A. baumannii was examined. Experiments were conducted in nutrient-poor spring water (SW) and nutrient-rich diluted nutrient broth (DNB) at 22 °C. A. baumannii coexisted with E. coli and E. faecium in both media, suggesting the absence of inter-bacterial competition in long-term survival. No difference in the survival of pandrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant or antibiotic sensitive isolates of A. baumannii was observed. Rotifers contributed to the removal of all tested bacteria, particularly in SW. Rotifers were able to remove 5.5 ± 1.3 log CFU/mL of A. baumannii in SW and 3.5 ± 1.7 log CFU/mL in DNB. Additionally, no intracellular growth of A. baumannii inside A. vaga was detected. In wastewater treatment plants and drinking water facilities, grazing by rotifers might be useful for the removal of emerging human pathogens such as A. baumannii from water.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Dicationic Ionic Liquids in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Javaherian Mohammad , Saghanezhad Seyyed Jafar
Published: May 2019

Dicationic ionic liquids are an emerging group of Ionic Liquids (ILs) that are currently receiving much attention as green reaction media and catalysts. Because of a great number of possible combinations of cations and anions, the physical and chemical properties of dicationic ionic liquids are more tunable and broader than monocationic ILs. Therefore, their unique properties have made them the target of many applied and fundamental researches. Actually, dicationic ionic liquids are more effective and rather fascinating than traditional monocationic ILs. So, due to greater versatility and diversity, their applications in organic synthesis have been extensively grown. In this review, we have focused on the synthesis, characterization and applications of dicationic ionic liquids, especially, in organic synthesis.
Mental Well-being of the First and Final-Year Medical and Dental Students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Karimi Kambiz , Omidpanah Neda
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim:

Medical and dental students are predisposed to developing psychiatric disorders owing to heavy physical, intellectual, and emotional activities. This study was conducted to evaluate the mental health status of medical and dental students.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on the first- and final-year medical and dental students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The mental health status was measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) involving somatic, social, anxiety, and depression domains. Scores > 6 (out of 28) and > 2 (out of 7) were considered to show psychiatric disorder for each domain, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests (P< 0.05).

Results:

The participants consisted of 246 students (39.4% first- and 37.8% last-year medical students; 8.1% first- and 14.6% last-year dental students) aged 18-37 years (22.6 ± 3.3). Psychiatric disorder, somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, anxiety, and depression were experienced by 44.7, 42.7, 46.3, 49.6, and 28.5% of the students, respectively. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was comparable between the first- and final-year medical students (40.2% and 48.4%, respectively;P= 0.258). The final-year dental students significantly underwent more psychiatric disorder than the first-year dental students (61.1% and 20%, respectively;P= 0.003). There were no significant differences between the medical and dental students in the first (P= 0.089) and final (P= 0.196) years. There was also no significant association between the occurrence of psychiatric disorder and gender and age group (P> 0.05).

Conclusion:

Psychiatric disorder was common among dental and medical students. Hence, preventive and control measures are suggested to improve their mental health.
Inconsistent Use of Condom in Italian HIV-Serodiscordant Heterosexual Couples as Revealed by the Detection of Y Chromosomal (Yc) DNA in Vaginal Swabs
Authors: Fiore Jose Ramon , Zoboli Fabio , Di Stefano Mariantonietta , Fasano Massimo , Alwazzeh Marwan Jabr , Faleo Pina , Elamin Mohamed Omar Elnour , Bruno Serena , Santantonio Teresa Antonia
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The prevention of transmission of HIV infection is based on the regular and correct use of condom and studies on transmission rates are generally based on the self-report of condom use.

However, consistent data on different population suggest that this often leads to overreporting possibly due to social desirability. In addition, self-report of condom use does not consider improper use or breakage.

Methods:

Vaginal biomarkers were proposed to detect exposure to semen and among these detection of chromosome Y DNA (Yc) appeared promising in different research settings.

Here, we searched for Yc in vaginal swabs of 33 Italian women, engaged in a regular heterosexual relationship with a HIV serodiscordant partner and reporting a regular use of condom during sexual intercourses.

Results & Discussion:

In 10 (30.3%) women Yc was detected, especially if the infected partner was male and if the couple did not have sons. This is confirmed in Italian heterosexual women and is already demonstrated in other populations: behavioural counselling is not always a valid tool and the self-reported use of condom is not fully reliable.

Conclusion:

Further studies could help in the future to individuate more effective preventive strategies for both HIV and sexually transmitted infections.
CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEM FOR ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION IN CONDITIONS OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC RISKS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kurlov V. V. , Kurlov A. V. , Stepanov A. G. , Farafonov V. G.
Published: May 2019

One of the key components of effective production organization at the enterprises of the radio electronic industry is the need to take into account the risk environment, and take measures to minimize the likelihood of risk occurrence. The main problem is the probabilistic nature of the manifestation of risk. The probability is manifested in the realization of the risk and its duration, which, in the final analysis, will lead to financial losses. The article proposes an approach to building the core of the system of technical and economic risks and their interrelationship in the organization of production at the enterprises of the radio electronic industry. In the article it is proposed to use basic modules for estimating the limiting probabilities of various states of technical and economic risks for which special systems of linear algebraic equations are developed. In this case, to determine (calculate) the estimate, we can use the results of solving a system of linear algebraic equations. In addition, these results allow for the assessment of the stationary state of the basic modules of the technical and risks system in the organization of production at the enterprises of the radio electronic industry. When solving a system of algebraic equations, it is suggested to use the standard approach, namely, the limit transformation of the system of Kolmogorov's differential equations for state probabilities. The article concludes that to assess the impact of technical and economic risks on the effectiveness of the organization of production of enterprises of the electronic industry, it is necessary to assess the likelihood of finding a system of technical and economic risks in the state of their implementation. The results of such an assessment will allow to determine two main components - the intensity of the events' flows associated with the emergence (implementation) of technical and economic risks and the time (duration) of their finding in the state of realization (negative state).
SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF INTERACTIVE ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL MANUALS FOR OPERATION AND REPAIR OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Ivakin Y. A. , Frolova E. A. , Varzhapetyan A. G. , Balashov V. M.
Published: May 2019

Quality management of interactive electronic technical manuals on the operation and repair of aviation equipment is considered as a sequential process of iterative procedures for evaluating and improving the quality of these information and software logistics support tools. The scientific novelty of the research is that the scientific and methodological concept of quality management of interactive electronic technical manuals for the operation and repair of aviation equipment through the application of a process approach to the life cycle of this type of technology makes it possible to develop a methodological apparatus for developing and improving interactive electronic means of supporting the maintenance of aviation equipment by systematization and rationalization of methods of increasing its effectiveness. The scientific and methodological concept of quality management of interactive electronic technical manuals on the operation and repair of aviation equipment is the logical basis for the development of a number of methodologies and practical recommendations for ensuring the quality of interactive electronic technical manuals of the appropriate class, rationalizing the technological process for their development and application, etc. The construct of the proposed scientific and methodological concept is a two-level representation of the quality of the interactive electronic technical manuals. Considering the connection between the capabilities of the software and technology platform for creating interactive electronic technical guides and content-representation capabilities for logistic support of operators, it seems rational to consider the quality of these software and information products at two levels of presentation: subject-logical and information-technology.
SHANNON’S INFORMATIVE VALUE FOR CONTROL OF MICROELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
Authors: Gusman Yu. A. , Pichugin Yu. A. , Smirnov A. O.
Published: May 2019

In this paper we consider the technological process of manufacturing micromechanical gyroscopes, the output of which is divided into cells of the crystal plate and each cell contains a fixed number of product elements. It is shown that on the basis of the general ideology of the mathematical theory of optimal regression experiment planning, when using as the basis of the regression model on the basis of sample principal components, and as a criterion using the quantity of information on Shannon, it is possible to estimate the information content of the crystal plate cells. The ordering of cells in terms of information, in turn, provides the opportunity to accelerate the process of rejection of microelectronic products. A numerical example based on a real sample of microelectronic products is considered. The proposed method can be used both in the process of adjustment of the production process and in the rejection of products, when further configuration of the equipment is no longer possible.
METHOD OF LOGICAL SCHEMES OF SUBJECT CONTENT FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF DEVELOPED INTERACTIVE ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL MANUALS
Authors: Ivakin Y. A. , Frolova E. A. , Tushavin V. A. , Smirnova M. S.
Published: May 2019

The determining value of the logicality of the presentation, relevance and visibility of the presentation of the subject content to ensure the quality of the developed interactive electronic technical manuals for the operation and repair of aviation equipment objectively requires the development of a methodological tool for monitoring and managing its consumer properties. As such, the method of logical schemes of subject content for technical systems, which are built on the basis of synthesis of recognition features, can serve. These schemes are a network description of the multilevel decomposition of complex samples of aviation technical systems in a rational sequence of their inspection, verification and development. The proposed method of ensuring the quality of the IET develops a qualitatively new level of development of the subject material for the operation and repair of aviation equipment for interactive electronic manuals by supplementing the scientific and methodological apparatus of such development with tools for its generalization and structuring as logical diagrams of the sequence of inspections (work).The method of logical schemes of subject content to ensure the quality of interactive electronic technical guides being developed includes: a method for synthesizing logical diagrams of the subject content of operation and repair of aviation equipment, the basic sequence of the stages of developing electronic content on the basis of logical diagrams of subject content; practical recommendations on the software implementation of electronic content in interactive electronic technical guides.
ALGORITHM FOR SYNTHESIZING PARAMETERS OF CONTROL LAWS OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS UNDER POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION OF NONLINEARITIES
Authors: Shishlakov V. F. , Vataeva E. Yu. , Krivolapchuk I. G. , Reshetnikova N. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper considers the algorithm for solving the problem of synthesis of automatic control systems (ACS) with nonlinear characteristics for polynomial approximation. As a mathematical apparatus, the inversion of the direct variational method of analysis, Galerkin generalized method, is applied to the solution of the problem. Recurrence relations are obtained that make it possible to extend this method to a new class of dynamical systems with nonlinear elements whose characteristics are approximated polynomially. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods of approximation of automatic control systems with nonlinear characteristics are analyzed. The presented algorithm of the software complex is universal and allows solving the synthesis problem for control systems of different classes and structures from unified mathematical, methodological and algorithmic positions.
METHODS OF IMPROVING ACCURACY OF MEASURING OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS OF TENSOMETRIC ELEMENTS AND TESTMODULES
Authors: Adarchin S. A. , Mazin A. V.
Published: May 2019

Over the past few years, thanks to the success of microprocessor technology, there has been a significant leap in the development and application of automated control systems. In such systems, information obtained from a set of sensors installed on the control object and giving complete information about it is used to form the control action. Improving the accuracy of measurement of their characteristics becomes an urgent task. This paper is considered to study of the processes of degradation of microelectromechanical structures of integral measuring tensometric elements, for example, pressure sensors, expressed in the obtaining of the output characteristics of the sensor for the regulations set forth in the technical specifications. The technique allowing to measure the parameters of the output signal of the strain cell with the help of a special installation is developed. The results of the experiments determined that when using material with a small modulus of elasticity can be used for the planting element, any substrate material of test module. The developed technique can be used in the production and design of the strain gauge, and the sensor as a whole.
ALGORITHMS FOR FINDING OPTIMAL POLICY FOR INTELLIGENT AGENTS BASED ON MARKOV DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
Authors: Lachikhin A. V.
Published: May 2019

Currently, the paradigm of intelligent agents and multi-agent systems is actively developing. The policy of agents ‘ actions can be represented as a Markov decision-making process. Such agents need methods to develop optimal policies. The purpose of this study is to review existing techniques, determine the possibility and conditions of their application. The main approaches based on linear and dynamic programming are considered. The specific algorithms used to find the extreme value of utility are given. The method of linear programming - simplex method, and the method of dynamic programming method-iteration of values are considered. The equations necessary to find the optimal policy of intelligent agent actions are given. Restrictions of application of various algorithms are considered. Conclusions the most suitable method for finding the optimal policy is the iteration of values.
METHODS OF SELECTING ACCEPTABLE STRATEGIES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fedorova V. A. , Moiseeva T. A. , Poddubnaya E. V.
Published: May 2019

Currently, software is used in many areas of human activity. But the developers of software systems often have problems that leads to exceeding the time and budget of development, as well as reduces the quality and security of software. The paper proposes a methodology developed by the authors, which allows you to standardize the process of creating software. The proposed approach greatly facilitates the organization of the process of collective development and management of software development, improves the quality of the developed software, reduces the risks of the developer and the customer and also reduces the time spent on the creation of software and the cost of its development. The developed technique fully standardizes the software development process, from the moment of creation of specification and ending with the introduction and support of the software product.
COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR REPRESENTATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA
Authors: Lachikhina A. B. , Soldatov K. N.
Published: May 2019

Visualization of analyzing multidimensional data is often required in order to improve perception and visibility. The purpose of this research is a multidimensional array of data representation. It is proposed to use a three-dimensional model as a tool. The methods used to represent an array of data with more than three dimensions are presented. The principle of constructing a multidimensional array cell is considered. An example of the constructed hypercube cell is given. The formulas for calculating the number of faces of the figure, the number of triangles that can be built through points, the number of internal triangles are obtained. The approach of visualization of aggregates is described. The use of color gradation to improve the convenience of perception of the cell in the analysis of the cube cells. It is concluded that the proposed model allows us to perceive each cell as an independent data element in the construction of charts for the analyzed indicators.
MODELS AND METHODS FOR RISK ANALYSIS OF FIRE-DANGEROUS SITUATIONS AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Authors: Goncharenko S. N. , Yaroshhuk I. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the review models, methods and approaches to the formalized analysis of data in the fire extinguishing systems and safety characteristic for difficult, explosive and fire-dangerous management objects. A statistical study of temperatures in the system of passive heat removal from the reactor was carried out using a set of approaches and parallel processing tools for specifically structured large amounts of data. A method for calculating, analyzing and monitoring the risk of a fire-hazardous situation in the passive loop of a reactor is proposed. A subsystem for predicting the occurrence of flammable situations has been developed based on methods, models and algorithms of risk analysis, which has the ability to generate management decisions in the form of a complex of fire prevention measures implemented in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents valid in the Russian Federation.
MODEL OF EXTREME SIGNAL BEHAVIOR (PROCESS) AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRITERIA OF MOST DEVIATION
Authors: Mayorov B. G.
Published: May 2019

A model of the generalized criterion for the maximum deviation of a signal (process) is proposed and investigated, which makes it possible to determine a constant time interval between adjacent samples from a signal (process). The criterion is based on the properties of convex power functions of the time modulus, depends on the order of the power function and the magnitude of the permissible error of the stepwise or linear approximation of the function from the samples. The criterion is intended for use in real‑time management systems, it allows to reasonably determine the time sampling interval. In the criterion, several maximum parameters of the signal are mathematically interrelated, which distinguishes it from known analogues. It is shown that for the calculation of the time interval of the signal, it is optimal to use more than three maximal values of its initial derivatives. The calculation technique is given and an example of practical application of the obtained results is given when constructing the data acquisition channel of the real‑time control system.
METHOD OF PROCESSING EXPERIMENTAL DATA BY LINEAR FUNCTIONS OF VARIABLE LENGTH
Authors: Zatylkin А. V. , Goluschko D. A. , Varenik Y. A. , Dementeva E. S. , Svistunov B. L.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the research is to increase the effectiveness of information and measurement and control systems of vibration testing equipment by introducing automated processing of experimental data allowing to extract with the required accuracy resonant bursts in the investigated amplitude-frequency characteristic section of the developed sample of a technical tool. To achieve this goal, a new method for processing experimental data by linear functions of variable length has been developed. The proposed method is based on the elements of the classical least squares method used to construct single approximating linear functions. The proposed method for processing experimental data differs from the known ones in that the number of linear approximating functions and their lengths vary depending on the required accuracy of approximation. The authors developed a mechanism for the formation of a sequence of linear functions on the considered segment, taking into account the given accuracy of approximation. The proposed mechanism is implemented in the form of algorithms, the description of which is presented in the work. Practical significance of the application of the developed method consists in reducing the processing time of the experimental data and obtaining the information necessary for the development engineers to provide a given level of strength and stability to external vibrational influences of the developed technical tools.
RELIABILITY MODEL OF OPTICAL CIRCULAR NET WITH WAVE DIVISION
Authors: Nikulskiy I. E. , Stepulenok O. A. , Bundin G. G. , Pomozova T. G. , Polyakov V. B.
Published: May 2019

It is considered the possibility of construction of the high‑speed object local net based on new domestic highly efficient clustered on‑board computing platform on the basis of 64‑bit Elbrus (BC‑3416) processor with use of original high‑reliability physical environment. Increasing of the optical object local net reliability is ensured by automatic restoration of such net in the case of single break of communication link using dual‑redundant communication lines by wave lengths (wave compression) instead of fibers duplication as it was made in traditional nets. An analytical model is presented to assess the reliability indicators of the proposed fault‑tolerant fiber‑optic circular net with wave separation, wave channels redundancy and self‑recovery. Use of circular optic net allows to provide the symmetry of transmitting directions capacity, increasing of transmission speed with use of wave compression principle.
FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION OF ON-BOARD HELICOPTER RADAR ICE EXPLORATION ON BASIS OF CIRCULAR GROUND SURFACE WITH SYNTHESIS OF APERTURE ROTATING ANTENNA
Authors: Antсev I. G. , Aleshkin A. P. , Vladimirov V. V. , Kudrina E. O. , Polonchik O. L. , Aleshkin N. A.
Published: May 2019

The results of modeling the processes of receiving and processing the signals of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface using helicopter radar and synthesizing the antenna aperture due to its placement on the rotating rotor blades are presented. The mathematical correctness of the application of the developed algorithms for processing probing signals, as well as the uniqueness of the measurements, was confirmed. At the same time, the dimensions of the synthesized aperture due to the rotation of the radiator placed at the end of the propeller blade are equivalent to a circular antenna array with a diameter of tens of meters. The functionality of the remote sensing system based on this radar meets the requirements for ice observation and navigation systems for seagoing ships off the coast. The simulation results confirm the promise of further research in this direction and can be used in the development of radar systems with synthesized antenna aperture mounted on rotating rotor blades.
MULTISTAGE ROCKET FLIGHT SIMULATION
Authors: Busygin A. S. , Shumov А. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper considers a method for simulating the flight of a multistage rocket in Matlab using Simulink software for control and guidance. The model takes into account the anisotropy of the gravity of the Earth, changes in the pressure and density of the atmosphere, piecewise continuous change of the center of mass and the moment of inertia of the rocket during the flight. Also, the proposed model allows you to work out various targeting options using both onboard and ground‑based information tools, to load information from the ground‑based radar, with imitation of «non‑ideality» of incoming target designations as a result of changes in the accuracy of determining coordinates and speeds, as well as signal fluctuations. It is stipulated that the design is variable not only by the number of steps, but also by their types. The calculations are implemented in a matrix form, which allows parallel operations in each step of processing a multidimensional state vector of the simulated object.
DETECTION OF SPACECRAFT ORBITS IN MULTI-ELEMENT LAUNCHES WITH LOW SCATTERING SPEED. DISTRIBUTION OF MEASUREMENTS OF ORBITS
Authors: Sorokin K. V. , Pylaev L. N.
Published: May 2019

The paper considers the structure of the algorithm for detecting the orbits of spacecraft in multi‑element launches with low speed of scattering. These launches are used in recent years for the launching of microsatellites into orbits. In the proposed algorithm, the difficult task of distributing measurements to orbits is solved on the basis of taking into account the features of the relative motion of nearby space objects that form a dense cluster at launch. In particular, it is proposed to use the relative distance between the spacecraft in the direction of the velocity vector as a distribution parameter. Then the problem of detecting orbits is reduced to the distribution of measurements in one‑dimensional space of relative distances. The developed structure of the algorithm can significantly reduce the detection time and the number of calculations compared to the standard algorithm. Verification of the proposed method on the example of analyzing data on the actual launch of the spacecraft confirmed its effectiveness.
BIOGENIC POTENTIAL OF STABILIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING G. SYLVESTRAE AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS
Authors: Anburaj Rajeswari , JOTHIPRAKASAM VINOTH
Published: May 2019

Objective: The idea of green chemistry has gained immense fame due to replace chemical products and improves technologies to eradicate substances that are harmful to the environment. In this paper, a rapid cost-efficient method was employed using herbal extract Gymnema sylvestrae because of their biological constituents present in the sample.

Methods: Phytosynthesis of AgNPs were optimized under different reaction conditions using pH, temperature, incubated at various concentrations. Analyses of particles were revealed using UV-Vis, FTIR spectrum, morphology was observed in scanning electron microscope, particle analysis was done using Diffraction Light Scattering and bioactive constituents present in plant sample was analysed by High-performance liquid chromatography. Bioefficacy of synthesised AgNPs was assessed by means of microbicidal assay against various bacteria and fungi.

Results: UV and FTIR analysis reveals the presence of plant extract responsible for stabilization and efficient reduction. Peptides to proteins, polyphenols, and many other secondary metabolites involved in the bioreduction were identified. SEM micrograph reveals the nature, size and distribution of the sample. HPLC chromatogram indicated the presence of gymnemagenin responsible for their biological assays. Broad spectrum of microbicidal activity have been reported in 400 µl of biosynthesized AgNPs against Bacillus sp. (24.5 mm), and S. epidermis (22.3 mm).

Conclusion: Therefore G. sylvestrae synthesized silver nanoparticles were stable and acts as a reducing and capping agent detecting the presence of biomolecules. Biosynthesised AgNPs showing excellent antimicrobial activity and future prospects of this study indicates that these nanoparticles can be applied in drug delivery.
BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MANILKARA HEXANDRA (ROXB.) DUBARD STEM BARK EXTRACT AND IT’S PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION
Authors: LAWRENCE A ANTONY , PRAKASH J THOMAS JOSEPH
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study was to synthesize nanoparticles using Manilkara hexandra stem bark extract its characterization and evaluating it by an antimicrobial and antioxidant assay.

Methods: Manilkara hexandra stem bark silver nanoparticles (MHSB-AgNPs) was done by mixing silver nitrate (1 mmol) and aqueous stem bark extract and it was analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX), Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The antibacterial assay was done by a well diffusion method and also examined for antifungal assay was done by disk diffusion method and antioxidant potential Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH method)

Results: Manilkara hexandra stem bark silver nanoparticles (MHSB-AgNPs) is characterized by various techniques such as UV-visible absorption spectrum ranges from 430 nm to 440 nm indicate silver nanoparticles. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy consists of biomolecules acts as capping agent to form silver nanoparticles. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy shows particle size ranges from 15 nm to 50 nm. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy shows the presence of Silver. X-ray Diffraction corresponds to face-centered lattice planes (111), (200), (220) and (311). Dynamic Light Scattering show the range of 68 nm and Zeta potential show the negative value of-17 nm which has high stability. Silver nanoparticles is also examined by Thermogravimetry/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) this project the thermal stability of the nanoparticles. The aqueous stem bark is also examined by UV-visible absorption spectrum, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). In GCMS 20 compounds were identified. Silver nanoparticles show high zone of inhibition in antimicrobial assays and act as a good antioxidant agent.

Conclusion: It is eco-friendly, non-toxic, and it’s easy to synthesis and it shows good result in an antimicrobial and antioxidant assay can be applied in a pharmaceutical application.
SPECTROSCOPIC AND VOLUMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE ESTIMATION OF IVABRADINE IMPURITY 3,3'-(PROPANE-1,3-DIYL)BIS(7,8-DIMETHOXY-1,3,4,5-TETRAHYDRO-2H-BENZO[D]AZEPIN-2-ONE)
Authors: KUMAR S. ANIL , BHASKAR B. L.
Published: May 2019

Objective: Two simple and sensitive techniques - one spectrophotometric and one titrimetric- have been developed for the determination of 3,3'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[d]azepin-2-one) commonly known as ivabradine impurity-9 (IVA-9).

Methods: The spectrophotometric method is based on the oxidation of drug impurity by excess cerium (IV) sulphate in acidic medium and the subsequent reaction of the remaining Ce(IV) with a known amount of ferrous ammonium sulphate. The resultant ferric ion is then made to react with thiocyanate in acid medium to form a brown coloured complex which is analyzed spectrophotometrically against the reagent blank. In the volumetric method, the un-reacted Ce(IV) is titrated against standard ferrous ammonium sulphate to estimate the quantity of IVA-9.

Results: The colored complex showed an absorption maximum at 479 nm when measured  spectrophotometrically. The stated methods are validated statistically using the International Council for Harmonization guidelines-ICH Q2(R1) for precision and accuracy. The method showed a linear response from 0.5 to 100µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985

Conclusion : No estimation techniques have been reported to date for the determination of this molecule. The proposed techniques may be used for the routine quantification in its pure form and also in presence of its parent drug molecule Ivabradine.
SOLID DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT OF GLIBENCLAMIDE-ASPARTAME COCRYSTAL USING THE SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD TO INCREASE THE SOLUBILITY OF GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: BUDIMAN ARIF , MEGANTARA SANDRA , APRILIANI AYU
Published: May 2019

Objective: The solubility of a drug in water plays an important role in the absorption of the drug after oral administration. Cocrystal is one method that improves the solubility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of a glibenclamide (GCM)-aspartame (APM) cocrystal using the solvent evaporation method and to evaluate its solubility and dissolution rate.

Methods: Molecular docking of the GCM-APM cocrystal was observed using an in silico method. The GCM-APM cocrystal (1:2) was prepared by using the solvent evaporation method. The cocrystal of GCM-APM was evaluated by the saturated solubility test and the dissolution rate test (USP type 2 apparatus). The solvent evaporation product of GCM-APM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).

Results: In silico study showed that the interaction of GCM-APM has hydrogen bonding and the potential to improve the solubility of GCM. Evaluation of the cocrystal of GCM-APM showed that the solubility and dissolution rate of the cocrystal are significantly increased. Characterization of FT-IR showed that no chemical reaction occurred in the GCM-APM cocrystal. The DSC analysis showed the changes in the melting point of GCM. Measurement of PXRD showed the formation of a new solid crystal phase that is different from GCM and APM.

Conclusion: GCM-APM has hydrogen bonding can improve the solubility and dissolution rate of GCM.