bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE GRAFT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONJUNCTIVAL AUTOGRAFT IN PTERYGIUM
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Prasad Vireshwar , Jha Alka , Shahnawaz Asif
Published: September 2024

AIM:

To compare the efficiency and safety of amniotic membrane graft (AMG) as an alternative to conjunctival autografting (CAG) in pterygium surgery.

METHOD:

During period 2019 to 2021 in DMCH, Darbhanga. Study was conducted in which 70 patients of different age group were included. Patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 35 each. One group was undergo pterygium excision with AMG using fibrin glue and the other group undergo pterygium excision with CAG using fibrin glue.

RESULT:

Graft edema was seen more among the CAG, 3 cases (8.57%) than AMG, 2 cases (5.71%), Clinically insignificant( P value= 0.64).Graft edge recession was seen more in CAG,4 cases(11.42%) than AMG,2 cases(5.71%),clinically insignificant(P value=0.39).Recurrence rate was slightly low in AMG, 2 cases(5.71%) than AMG,3 cases(8.57%),clinically insignificant(P value=0.64).

CONCLUSION:

Both AMG and CAG method are equally effective treatment with comparable recurrence rate, graft edema and graft edge recession.
XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM - A CASE REPORT WITH OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: Hussain Md Jrasad , Mandal Govind Prasad , Chaudhry Jagdish , Singh Uma Shankar
Published: September 2024

Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by defective DNA repair leading to clinical and cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation and carcinogenic agents. Important clinical features are: intense cutaneous photosensitivity, xerosis, poikiloderma, actinic keratosis, acute burning under minimal sun exposure, erythemas, hyperpigmented lentiginous macules, and malignant lesions in sun-exposed areas, including basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. There is a great involvement of many parts of the body, especially head and neck. This paper reports a rare case of Xeroderma Pigmentosum in a 9-year- old male presenting mainly with ophthalmological and skin involvement.
Assessing Stress and Burnout in Dental Students in a Dental Institution
Authors: Avasthi Avijit , Aasdhir Sakshi Sharma
Published: September 2024

Background:

Dental students feel stress in their professional education such as fear of examinations, burden of workload, stress in completion of academic course, and adjustment in college atmosphere. The objective of the study was to assess stress among dental students and its association with academic year of training and gender differences in perceived stress.

Materials and Methods:

A 31-item self-constructed Modified Garbee's Dental Environmental Stress Survey (1980) Questionnaire was distributed among students to obtain their stress response on a 4-point Likert scale with responses ranked: 1 – not stressful, 2 – slightly stressful, 3 – moderately stressful, and 4 – very stressful. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0, Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.

Results:

Responses were obtained from 232 students; 74.2% were female and 24.6% were male. Top stressors were fear of failure, insecurity of future, stress of examinations, fear of excessive workload, assigned work burden, unavailability of clinical cases, the lack of time to complete work, less time for recreation, coping with competition among classmates, lack of confidence in career decision, receiving criticism of work from teachers, and the lack of confidence to be successful student. Less stressful responses were difficulty in learning preclinical procedures, learning environment created by faculty, the attitude toward faculty, relationship with colleagues, financial stress, impact on personal health, discrimination due to race, class, etc., The mean stress scores were more in preclinical years (BDS 1st and 2nd years) when compared to clinical years (BDS 3rd and 4th years). Stress perceived by female students outweighed male students.

Conclusion:

Therefore stress reduction strategies need to be incorporated in dental curriculum.
Pubic hair removal methods and associated factors on female sexuality in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt
Authors: El-Tahlawi Samar M. , Abdel Wahed Wafaa Y. , Ahmed Shaimaa A. , Yaseen Sara M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Pubic hair removal (PHR) is a popular practice among women. They remove pubic hair by different methods, usually for visual, esthetic, or psycho-sexual aspects, as being more attractive and feminine to affect their sexual life.

Objectives

To assess the impact of different methods of PHR on sexual function among sexually active females in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. And to understand factors affecting the choice of methods used in this grooming practice.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional study included 500 sexually active women who completed the study structured questionnaire, which included demographics, reproductive and medical history data, assessment of sexual function in the past 4 weeks using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), PHR items, and the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale-9 in the last 2 weeks.

Results

Almost all the participants (99.2%) preferred to remove pubic hair, and the most frequently mentioned method is shaving and creams (43.8%). The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 50.5% of our participants. There was a significant difference in the mean FSFI scores between different methods of PHR; with laser, users, had higher FSFI scores of arousal, lubrication, and satisfaction domains (P<0.05). Wax or sweet users and laser users were more satisfied with their body image than shaving users.

Conclusions

Female sexual dysfunction is a widespread problem; it may result in depression and may be affected by the type of method used for PHR. Laser users had better sexual functions than users of other methods.
Testicular Torsion with Synchronous Adrenal Rest Tumors in a Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Tuna Mustafa Bilal , Doganca Tunkut , Mourmouris Panagiotis , Kurtulmus Neslihan , Argun Omer Burak , Kural Ali Riza
Published: September 2024

This is the case report of a 20-year-old male patient who was admitted to our clinic with a sudden onset of severe left testicular pain. Color Doppler ultrasonography revealed normal vascular supply of both testes nevertheless, but when compared with the right testis, the axis of the left testicular cord was located more posteriorly and along with swelling of the epididymis made the diagnosis of partial torsion highly probable. Bilaterally hypervascularized testicular and epididymal solid masses (up to 20 mm) were also present. Reposition of the left testicle followed by warm sponge compress was performed. The patient was suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and he was in steroid replacement therapy all his life. Testicular adrenal rest tumor is an important complication of classical CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency that can potentially lead to gonadal dysfunction and infertility in adulthood. If the presence of enlarged testicular rest tumor deteriorates the stability of the testicular cord stability and renders the testis more vulnerable to torsion is a hypothesis that is hard to prove since these tumors are rare and torsion in these patients is even rarer. Nevertheless, the physicians must be aware of this condition and its benign course in order to correctly differentiate it from other diseases and avoid more radical procedures.
Hattrick of H-deficient phenotypes at a tertiary care health center in India
Authors: Dhiman Yashaswi , Khatiwada Basanta , Raturi Manish , Gaur Dushyant Singh , Nautiyal Rolika , Rawat Himanshu
Published: September 2024

H-deficient phenotypes, commonly known as Bombay blood type, have more inclination to be found in the Indian subcontinent, and conventional gold standard tube techniques are still the recommended method to identify them, provided a strict adherence to testing protocol. There is more to these phenotypes than just the bombay blood type. This brief communication highlights the identification of three H-deficient phenotypes from a single center that adhered to standard operating procedures and basic testing methodologies. It emphasizes the requirement of indirect Coombs test with pooled “O” cells with blood grouping of every sample irrespective of the testing platform and also the H antigen typing on encountering any suspicion. These H-deficient individuals may not be as rare as we assume them to be provided there are reframed testing policies. Although international collaborations and databases like the International Society of Blood Transfusion database have made it easier to record and share knowledge on blood types, a National network and registries of these rare phenotypes are essential to make them available to the general population who actually benefit from them.
Point-of-care Glycated Hemoglobin A1c Testing for the Identification of Hyperglycemia Severity among Individuals with Dual Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus in Tanzania
Authors: Byashalira Kenneth C. , Chamba Nyasatu G. , Alkabab Yosra , Ntinginya Nyanda E. , Affenaar Jan-Willem , Heysell Scott K. , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Lillebaek Troels , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Christensen Dirk L. , Mpagama Stellah G. , Mmbaga Blandina T.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Poor glycemic control during tuberculosis (TB) treatment is challenging, as the optimum treatment strategy remains unclear. We assessed hyperglycemia severity using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test and predictors of severe hyperglycemia at the time of TB diagnosis in three resources-diverse regions in Tanzania.

Methods:

This was a substudy from a large cohort study implemented in three regions of Tanzania. TB individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (prior history of DM or newly diagnosed DM) were assessed for hyperglycemic levels using HbA1c test and stratified as mild (<53 mmol/mol), moderate (≥53–<86 mmol/mol), and severe (≥86 mmo/mol).

Results:

From October 2019 to September 2020, 1344 confirmed TB individuals were screened for DM and 105 (7.8%) individuals had dual TB/DM and were assessed for glycemic levels. Of these, 69 (67.7%) had a prior history of DM and 26 (24.8%) were living with human immunodeficiency virus. Their mean age was 49.0 (±15.0) years and 56.2% were male. The majority (77.1%) had pulmonary TB, and 96.2% were newly diagnosed TB individuals. HbA1c test identified 41(39.0%), 37 (35.2%), and 27 (25.7%) individuals with severe, moderate, and mild the hyperglycaemia respectively. Female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–11.92, P = 0.040) and previous history of DM (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.33–10.33, P = 0.013) were independent risk factors for severe hyperglycemic at the time of TB diagnosis.

Conclusion:

By integrating early HbA1c testing, a substantial proportion of individuals with severe hyperglycemia were identified. HbA1c testing can be recommended to identify and triage patients requiring personalized intensified DM management in resource-limited programmatic settings.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Tuberculous Meningitis Patients
Authors: Krishnakumariamma Krishnapriya , Ellappan Kalaiarasan , Kadhiravan Tamilarasu , Alex Anoop , Kumar Saka Vinod , Muthaiah Muthuraj , Joseph Noyal Mariya
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is caused by the dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) from the primary site of infection to the central nervous system. However, the bacterial factors associated with the pathogenesis of TBM remain unclear. This study employed transcriptomic and proteomic methods to comprehensively analyze the changes in genes and proteins and their associated pathways in MTB strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM and sputum of pulmonary TB (PTB) cases.

Methodology:

Five MTB strains were subjected to OMICs (transcriptomic and proteomic) analysis. Among five MTB strains, two were isolated from CSF and sputum samples of the same patient with PTB and TBM infections, one from the sputum of a different PTB patient, and a strain obtained from the CSF of another TBM patient. H37Rv was used as a reference strain. The reliability of transcriptomic results was validated by real time polymerase chain reaction with selected genes from 100 MTB isolates (CSF, 50 and sputum, 50).

Results:

The transcriptomic study revealed that overlapping differentially expressed genes of MTB strains isolated from TBM patients showed featured enrichment in benzoate degradation, lysine degradation, tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid degradation, ATP binding cassette transporters, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and metabolic pathways. Eleven genes were upregulated, and four were downregulated in MTB strains isolated from TBM compared to PTB. From proteomic analysis, we identified three candidate proteins belonging to plasminogen binding proteins (PBP) (enolase, dnaK, and isocitrate lyase 1) that were significantly upregulated in MTB strains isolated from TBM.

Conclusion:

Overall, the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provided an important base for understanding the unique feature of TBM pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report highlighting the importance of PBPs on TBM pathogenesis.
Rare presentation of primary intra-articular synovial sarcoma of knee joint with insights from literature review
Authors: Gurubalan Guralarasan , Surabhi  , Kumari Madhu , Pandey Ritesh , Bhadani Punam P. , Marikannu Abinaya
Published: September 2024

Synovial sarcoma is a rare and malignant soft tissue tumor, comprising 5%–10% of such cases. This tumor primarily afflicts adolescents and young adults, with slight male bias, often near large joints like the knee and hip. Intra-articular synovial sarcoma, an even rarer subset, can delay diagnosis due to its slow growth and vague clinical signs. We present a unique case of primary knee intra-articular synovial sarcoma in a 24-year-old female. Imaging revealed a distinct lesion adjacent to the medial femoral condyle and patellofemoral joint, initially suggestive of synovial haemangioma. However, histopathology confirmed biphasic synovial sarcoma, characterized by spindle and gland-like epithelial components. Immunohistochemistry further supported the diagnosis. Reviewing documented cases, we find that synovial sarcoma can affect a wide age range but often occurs in the knee joint, emphasizing the need for vigilance. Early detection and intervention are crucial for improved treatment outcomes in this rare but challenging malignancy.
Potential for tumor aggressiveness and its association with vasculogenic mimicry marker in colorectal carcinomas in Indian population- A tertiary care hospital level study
Authors: Walia Gurpreet K. , Kinra Prateek , Akal Ramanjit S.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the ability of cancer stem cells of aggressive phenotype to mimic embryonic vascular network by forming channels lined by tumor cells, thereby, promoting tumor growth. These channels are periodic acid-schiff positive and CD34 negative and have been associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis. It is a promising target for developing novel anticancer therapeutics and contributes to personalized medicine.

Aim:

Our study aims to look for an association of vasculogenic mimicry marker (VMM) with the aggressiveness of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).

Settings and Design:

All retrospective and prospective cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas received over period of five years, from 2017 to 2021 were included in this study and a case-control study was planned.

Materials and Methods:

The study population was divided into two comparison groups based on TNM staging (a) those with non-aggressive tumors (controls; TNM stage I and II) and (b) those with aggressive tumors (cases; TNM stage III and IV). A total of 36 controls and 27 cases were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin stain, PAS, and CD34 immunohistochemistry were conducted. PAS positivity with negative CD34 in the same case was designated as VMM positive. VMM status was correlated with tumor stage, grade, and other pathological markers of prognosis.

Statistical Analysis:

The Chi-square test was used to find an association between the aggressiveness of CRCs and VM positivity. The P value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results:

It was found that VMM was significantly associated with the aggressiveness of CRCs.

Conclusion:

VMM is a promising marker for its clinical utility in day-to-day routine IHC studies and its positivity correlates with tumor aggressiveness.
Surgical technique to achieve postoperative alar base symmetry in complete bilateral cleft lip and alveolus repair – A prospective study
Authors: Kumar K. S. Krishna , Sayd Shermil , Vyloppilli Suresh , Nair Santhy Mohanachandran , Pati Ajit , Sivadasan Anand
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Children born with the bilateral cleft lip-cleft palate have a shortened columella and an elevated protruding premaxilla which results in an abnormal appearance of the nose.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted in the Baby MemorialHospital, Calicut, a Smile Train Center in India. After scrutiny, the eligible sample size amounted to30 cases. The patient’s age rangedfrom 4 to 7 months. The basic technique employed is “Veau three straight line repair” technique. This study analyses the importance of a geometrical incision, a back cut extending cephalically above the inferior turbinate at the mucocutaneous junction to elevate the nostril floor, to achieve the symmetry of the alar bases.

Result:

Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric studies were conducted on the asymmetry and symmetry of the alar bases. The p values for the right side preoperative and postoperative measurement is 0.007 which is highly significant and for the left side, it is <0.001 which also denotes statistical significance of this technique.

Conclusion:

Further high volume multicentric studies may be suggested since bilateral cases amount for only 10% of the overall incidence of cleft lip cases and even high volume surgeons are privileged to treat only a few. Therefore, it is the obligation of every surgeon who undertakes the care of these children to learn from the past and to analyse results periodically, including comparison with other centres.
An observational pilot study on anthropometric analysis of lip–nose complex of unilateral cleft lip children and age-matched controls by three-dimensional digital photogrammetry
Authors: Varshney Prachi , Upadhyaya Divya Narain , Kumar Vijay , Mishra Brijesh , Pandey Sandhya
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Lip–nose complex anthropometry is an important component of cleft lip and palate repair. There are limited studies in the Indian population which measure the anthropometry of facial structures. Various anthropometric and cephalometric techniques have been evolved and applied to measure facial features of cleft lip/palate patients.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to measure the anthropometry of lip–nose complex of unilateral cleft lip children and compare it with noncleft children as age-matched controls by VECTRA three-dimensional (3D) digital photogrammetry.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted on 25 children with unilateral cleft lip (complete/incomplete) of 3 months–2 years of age as cases and 25 noncleft children as age-matched controls, admitted to our institute. Philtral height, lip length, lip height, nostril height, nostril width, nasal sill width, and columella height were measured using VECTRA 3D digital photogrammetry.

Results:

The mean age of cleft and noncleft patients was 7.80 ± 3.76 months and 10.60 ± 4.38 months, respectively. Philtral height, lip height, lip length, and columella height of the cleft side were found to be significantly lower than that of noncleft patients (P < 0.001). The rest of the parameters, nostril height, nostril width, and nasal sill width of cleft patients were found to be significantly higher than that of noncleft patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study provided an anthropometrical analysis of the lip–nose complex which can be a fundamental basis for presurgical consultation, surgical planning, postoperative assessment, and a predictor for treatment outcome.
A feeding obturator appliance in infants with isolated cleft palate: A case series
Authors: Kaur Kamaljit , Kapur Aditi , Soni Bhavita Wadhwa , Jaiswal Manojkumar Ashok
Published: September 2024

Feeding a child with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a matter of concern for both the parents and the physician. Early knowledge about various available options and timely intervention can overcome undue anxiety in parents of children with CL/P. A feeding obturator separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity and is one of the means to aid in adequate nutrition to the affected child. The present article describes two cases of successful use of a feeding obturator in infants with an isolated CL/P.
Orbital box osteotomy in frontonasal dysplasia with severe hypertelorism: Our first experience
Authors: Adnyana I. Made Suka , Samsarga Gede Wara , Vania Rachel
Published: September 2024

Frontonasal dysplasia (FND) is a rare craniofacial deformity, including severe hypertelorism. We herein presented the case of a 6-year-old female patient with FND and Grade III hypertelorism who underwent a four-wall-orbital box osteotomy with a bicoronal approach. Orbital wall osteotomy was performed behind the lacrimal fossa. Central resection was done to allow for medial translocation of the orbits. At the last, the newly positioned orbitals were fixated using wire, absorbable plates, and screws. Neurosurgical assistance with the frontal bone flap before orbital osteotomy helps to leave the cribriform plate intact to preserve the olfactory. Finally, excessive median soft tissue was excised. The patient’s hypertelorism improved after surgery. Careful surgical procedures to correct the soft and bony tissue are beneficial treatments for improving the quality of life and general condition of patients with hypertelorism.
NAMASTE portal, data analysis, and understanding of Ayurveda medical records: An initial evaluation
Authors: Rani Aruna , Kumar Vijay , Prasad Hari , Mane Santosh Shantilal , Thrigulla Saketh Ram , Narayan Rakesh V. , Lavaniya Vinod Kumar , Goli Prasad Penchala , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Traditional medicine is a valuable heritage that has enriched people’s daily lives. Globalization requires a common framework for communicating the details of the medical system in various contexts such as medical research, clinical diagnosis, and medical statistics. The acronym of the NAMASTE portal stands for National Ayush Morbidity and Standardized Terminologies Electronic Portal. On the occasion of the second National Ayurveda Day, which was on October 17, 2017, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modiji, launched the NAMASTE portal. It is categorized under initiatives of the Health Information system as it collects data from the related sectors, ensuring health decision awareness programs. The main objective of the NAMASTE portal is to promote the usage of electronic health records across the AYUSH domain.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The portal provides standard terminologies and morbidity codes for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani (ASU) to further develop international terminologies and ICD-11. The registered healthcare organizations (HCOs) enter the morbidity data in the statistic dashboard module every month by filling out the Excel sheets of OPDs and IPDs. Based on that, we systematically scrutinized electronic health records.

RESULTS:

The portal has received the data of 61,92,458 individuals receiving Ayurvedic treatment from the 133 Ayurvedic HCOs registered on the portal.

DISCUSSION:

Out of the 2888 National Ayurveda Morbidity Codes (NAMC) 2470 were used by HCOs, highlighting the top 10 States using the highest number of morbidity codes. The present paper incorporates statistical data of the Ayurveda medical records from the NAMASTE portal till August 2023, intending to provide statistical data regarding the most prevailing disease in the country.
Physiological effects of Meditation (Dhyana): A short review of study results from the past 5 years
Authors: Jayswal Anurag
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Examining meditation practices reveals its impact on modulating brain functions, controlling respiratory rates, and influencing immune functions. Through alterations in the physiological system, meditation has been shown to induce a state of relaxation, contributing to overall well-being. This study explores the physiological impacts of meditation based on recent research findings.

OBJECTIVE:

Meditation has emerged as a highly sought-after intervention in recent times. This review aims to consolidate and analyze the physiological outcomes of meditation research conducted over the past 5 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Articles were searched on PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords meditation and physiology. Relevant articles were extracted by applying the filter (2018–2023 or 5 years), and key findings from those articles were compiled and discussed.

RESULTS:

A total of nine articles (three in PubMed and six in Web of Science) were found published up to May 2023 having participants with n in the range of 1 to 128. The mindfulness meditation method was prevalent, whereas breathing awareness has been commonly featured in most studies. Meditation has been shown to facilitate physiological slow down as indicated by various markers utilized in research. It plays a positive role in regulating immune function, increasing alpha waves, enhancing right brain functionality, and reducing activity in the right amygdala and respiratory rate in healthy practitioners. Furthermore, it promotes parasympathetic activity, which contributes to lowering systolic blood pressure.

CONCLUSION:

This review highlights that meditation effectively mitigates physiological stress responses while promoting a state of relaxation. The compelling evidence underscores the potential for broader therapeutic and healthcare utilization of meditation practices.
Determination of Anterior Fontanelle Size among Apparently Healthy Term Newborns in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ogbuefi Adaora Patience , Mark Olufemi , Olumorin Olumide Olufunsho , Audu Lamidi Isah
Published: September 2024

Background:

Anterior fontanelles (AFs) of healthy newborn infants vary widely in size, this being a function of race, geographical location, gender, birth weight, mode of delivery and gestation. Abnormal variations in AF size portend a serious pathology of the cranium or intracranial structures. The established reference value for normal AF size is, therefore, an essential diagnostic tool. This study was conducted to determine the mean AF size and factors that are associated with its variability among apparently healthy term neonates in Lokoja, North Central Nigeria.

Methods:

AF size was measured in 200 healthy inborn term neonates between 24 and 48 h post-delivery using a modified version of Mattur’s method. Other parameters measured were head circumference, birth weight and length. Relevant statistical methods were used for data analysis, and P < 0.05 at a confidence interval of 95% was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Eighty-six (43%) of the babies were males, and the mean birth weight and gestation were 3.09 (0.37) kg and 38.8 (1.2) weeks, respectively. Majority (72%) were delivered spontaneously per vagina. The mean (± SD) AF size of the study neonates was 2.62 (0.72) cm (2.53 [0.61] cm in males and 2.69 [0.79] cm in females). Neither gender nor mode of delivery affected AF size significantly. There was no significant correlation between AF size and occipitofrontal circumference.

Conclusion:

AF size for term babies in our hospital differs from AF sizes reported from other parts of the world, further reiterating the utility of local/regional neonatal AF reference values.
Factors Associated with the Outcome of 2023 Diphtheria Outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Review of the Surveillance Data
Authors: Ibrahim Usman Muhammad , Babura Salisu Muazu , Audu Sunday , Danzomo Abba Ahmed , Namadi Faruk Abdullahi , Made Musa Mahadi , Ringim Sadiq Hassan , Yusuf Saidu , Shehu Usman L , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Garba Rayyan Muhammad , Ahmed Fatimah Ismail-Tsiga , Abdulsalam Kabiru , Muhammad Nuruddeen , Jibo Abubakar Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the outcome of the 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst all line-listed diphtheria cases reported from Jigawa State, Nigeria, using the 2023 Integrated Disease and Surveillance Response line list of cases that met the World Health Organization case definition of diphtheria. A total of 245 line-listed cases from January 2023 to December 2023 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a P value set at ≤5%. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of the outcome of the 2023 outbreak.

Results:

The maximum age of the line-listed cases was 39 years, and the minimum was 1 year with a median of 8 (interquartile range = 5–8) years. More than two-thirds (68.2%) of the cases were ≥5 years of age. More than one-third of the cases (39.6%) were from the northeast senatorial zone of the state. Out of the total 245 cases, 14 died of the disease representing a case fatality rate of 6%, and an attack rate of 3.4 per 100,000 populations. The majority of the cases (95.5%) had fever, cough (81.2%), pharyngitis (86.9%), tonsillitis (96.7%) and laryngitis (82.0%). More diphtheria-related mortalities were recorded amongst cases <5 years of age (7.7%), female cases (5.9%), rural residence (7.7%) and cases from the northeast senatorial zone (8.2%) of the state. Significantly higher mortalities (8.8%, P = 0.003) were recorded amongst cases with nasopharyngitis. The odds of diphtheria-related mortality were higher amongst cases who presented clinically with nasopharyngitis and were 4 times more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.1–14.3) compared with those with no nasopharyngitis.

Conclusions:

Significantly higher mortalities were recorded amongst diphtheria cases whose samples were not taken, and those with nasopharyngitis. These findings underscored the importance of improved immunisation uptake, early and prompt case detection, investigation and proper management.
Любая группа есть группа гомотопических эквивалентностей конечномерного $\mathrm{CW}$-комплекса
Authors: Benkhalifa Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Доказано, что любая группа $G$ является группой $\mathcal E(X)$ гомотопических эквивалентностей $\mathrm{CW}$-комплекса $X$ конечной размерности. Таким образом, получено обобщение известной теоремы К. Костои и А. Вируэля [9], согласно которой любая конечная группа является группой $\mathcal E(X)$ гомотопических эквивалентностей рационального эллиптического пространства $X$.
Библиография: 12 названий.
О 3-диффеоморфизмах с обобщенным аттрактором Плыкина
Authors: Barinova Marina Konstantinovna , Kol'churina Ol'ga Aleksandrovna , Yakovlev Evgeniy Ivanovich
Published: September 2024

Известно, что нетривиальный аттрактор в неблуждающем множестве $\Omega$-устойчивого 3-диффеоморфизма сосуществует с тривиальными базисными множествами тогда и только тогда, когда он либо одномерный неориентируемый, либо двумерный растягивающийся (ориентируемый или неориентируемый). Ранее были построены примеры соответствующих диффеоморфизмов, за исключением случая двумерного неориентируемого аттрактора. Настоящая работа восполняет этот пробел. Кроме того, здесь конструктивно доказывается существование энергетической функции у построенного диффеоморфизма, тем самым расширяется класс каскадов, обладающих глобальной функцией Ляпунова, множество критических точек которой совпадает с неблуждающим множеством динамической системы. Библиография: 20 названий.
21. Yüzyıl Yapay Zeka Destekli Resimlerde Avrupa ve Türk Kültüründen İzler
Authors: Özdal Mehmet Akif
Published: September 2024

Yapay zekâ destekli sanatın yükselişi, sanatın özgünlüğü, yaratıcılığı ve insan dokunuşunun değeri üzerine yeniden düşünülmesine yol açmıştır. İnsan ve yapay zekâ arasındaki iş birliği, sanatın yaratılmasında yeni formlar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışma, 21. yüzyılda yapay zekâ destekli resimlerin Avrupa ve Türk kültürlerinde temsilleri ve bu temsillerin kültürel ve sanatsal ifadelere yansımasını inceleyerek, yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin sanatsal ve kültürel mirası nasıl yeniden yorumlandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarihsel perspektif analizi ve mantıksal akıl yürütme yöntemleri benimsenerek inceleme yapılmıştır. Bulgular yapay zekâ destekli resim üretiminin, sanatın tanımını genişlettiği ve sanatsal ifadenin yeni biçimlerini mümkün kıldığını göstermiştir. Sonuçlar ise bulgulara bağlı kalarak yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin geleneksel sanat anlayışlarını aşarak yeni ifade biçimleri yarattığını, kültürel eserlerin dijitalleştirilmesi ve yapay zekâ tabanlı analizlerle korunmasına ve erişilebilirliğinin artırılmasına katkı sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, dört sanatçı (Refik Anadol, Murat Palta, Mario Klingemann, Anna Ridler) ve sekiz eseri üzerinden Avrupa ve Türk kültürlerinden temsillerin kültürel ve sanatsal ifadelere yansımaları incelenmiştir.
Bibliometric Analysis of Constantinople Studies Through Voswiever
Authors: Kaya Metin
Published: September 2024

This study aims to map the studies on the concept of Constantinople. Within the scope of quantitative data, the study aims to provide researchers with a systematic summary of the existing literature on Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire for about 11 centuries, using bibliometric analysis, and to identify trends and gaps in the study of Constantinople. The unit of analysis is based on the bibliometric data of different types of works scanned in the Web of Science database and published between 1975 and 2024. When examining the distribution of 1939 works on this subject according to the years of publication, the highest concentrations are observed in 2021 (144 works), 2022 (130 works), and 2019 (107 works). The authors who published the most works are Alessandra Bravi (13 works), Judith Herrin (13 works), and Sofia Kotzabassi (10 works). The predominant types of publications are journal articles (1280), book reviews (463), and book chapters (213). In terms of research fields, History (1018), Medieval Studies (733), Art (166), Archaeology (137), and Area/Regional Studies (65) are the most represented. Regarding the distribution of publications by country, the USA (258), Russia (197), and the UK (1377) are the leading publishers. The majority of works were published in English (1067), Russian (269), and French (184). The primary indexing databases include AHCI (1033), ESCI (581), and SSCI (122). The most frequently used keywords in publications on Constantinople include Byzantium (416 repetitions), Roman Empire (127 repetitions), Old Russian (70 repetitions), and Kemalism (58 repetitions).
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRKS BESUCH IN DEUTSCHLAND (15. DEZEMBER 1917-04. JANUAR 1918)
Authors: KALELİOĞLU Uğur Berk
Published: September 2024

Die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Kaiser Wilhelm II. und dem Osmanischen Reich umfassen die Regierungszeiten von Abdülhamid II. und Mehmed Reşad (Reschad) V. Die persönliche Einladung von Wilhelm II. an Sultan Reşad während seines letzten Besuchs in Istanbul machte einen Gegenbesuch unvermeidlich. Daraufhin wurde eine zehnköpfige Delegation gebildet, zu der auch Kronprinz Vahdeddin Efendi und Mirliva (Brigadegeneral) Mustafa Kemal Paşa gehörten. Die Delegation, die am 15. Dezember 1917 vom Sirkeci-Bahnhof aus startete, folgte einer Route, die sie nacheinander durch die Städte München, Bad Kreuznach, Straßburg, Colmar, Essen und Berlin sowie einige Fronten in diesen Regionen führte, bevor sie am 4. Dezember 1918 nach Istanbul zurückkehrte. Während der Reise hatte Mustafa Kemal Pascha Kontakte zu bedeutenden deutschen Beamten, darunter auch Kaiser Wilhelm II. In dieser Studie wurden Archivmaterialien des Ministeriums für Kultur und Wissenschaft Nordrhein-Westfalens und des Archivs des Präsidenten der Türkischen Republik genutzt, um bisher unveröffentlichte Informationen und Dokumente über die Reise zugänglich zu machen. Die Studie untersucht Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit der Reise, die Beteiligung von Mustafa Kemal Pascha an der Delegation, die Stationen in Deutschland, die Kontakte, die während der Reise geknüpft wurden, und die Ereignisse nach der Rückkehr. Schlüsselwörter: Mustafa Kemal Pascha, Deutschland, Vahdeddin, Wilhelm II., Bad Kreuznach, Berlin
IN POST-1980 CONTEMPORARY TURKISH ART INTERDISCIPLINARITY AND INTERDISCIPLINARITY EXTREMISM
Authors: GÖK Arzu , AKIN Mustafa
Published: September 2024

The coup of 1980 in Turkey was considered a negative impact of effective and long-term changes. Everything, including the historical process, political, economic, social and cultural phenomena, as well as street and art concepts, has been shaped before and after the 80s. The first half of the 80s became a period for Turkish art when works were published and bought and sold as commodities. After 1980, there was a major break in the field of visual arts, both in reviewing the subjects discussed and in the forms of creation. Artists who worked on the distribution of arbitrary border lines between political, economic, social or cultural products until the 80s gained a freer understanding of art in the 80s. With these understandings, after the 1990s, Turkish artists have signed practices that are open to diversity in art and are increasingly appreciated as interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary. This diversity has been provided with opportunities in the interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary period in which the art environment has been cultivated along social and cultural mobility such as global production, freedom, technological developments and international markets. Expanding the interdisciplinary and extreme expressions of disciplines within the scope of the research and examining the selected examples in a more comprehensive manner, revealing the results that Bitcoin has created in the last period and afterwards. Keywords: Turkish Art, Interdisciplinary, Transdisciplinary
Towards effective patient participation in medical education: a report on French Ministry of Health’s recommendations
Authors: Thomas Bérenger
Published: September 2024

In a context of increasing patient engagement in the French health system, the patient participation in medical education was encouraged in 2019 through a law. However, in the absence of an implementation framework, the deployment of this participation is encountering various obstacles. The French Ministry of Health has therefore launched a project to define benchmarks and identify levers to encourage its effective implementation. Under the guidance of a steering committee comprising the stakeholders, a review of the literature, several surveys and hearings of various involved players were carried out. This work resulted in 23 recommendations, covering reinforcement of patient engagement, recruitment and accompaniment of patients, employment framework and remuneration, and support structures. To enable these practices to be widely disseminated, we need to continue the work already underway to develop an environment and framework suitable for their deployment.

Dans un contexte de développement de l’approche partenariale avec le patient, la participation des patients dans la formation des médecins a été encouragée en 2019 à travers une loi. Cependant, en l’absence de cadre d’application, la mise en place de cette participation rencontre différents obstacles. Le ministère chargé de la santé a donc mené un travail afin de définir des repères et d’identifier des leviers pour encourager sa mise en œuvre effective. Sous l’encadrement d’un comité de pilotage rassemblant les différentes parties prenantes, une revue de la littérature, différentes enquêtes, ainsi que des auditions auprès de différents acteurs impliqués ont été réalisées. Ce travail a abouti à 23 recommandations, portant sur l’affirmation de l’approche partenariale, le recrutement et l’accompagnement des patients partenaires, le cadre d’emploi et la rémunération, et la structuration de ce partenariat. Afin de permettre une diffusion large de ces pratiques, il est nécessaire de poursuivre le travail engagé pour développer un environnement et un cadre propice à son déploiement.
Lasserre Hierarchy for Graph Isomorphism and Homomorphism Indistinguishability
Authors: Roberson David E. , Seppelt Tim
Published: September 2024

We show that feasibility of the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre
semidefinite programming hierarchy for graph isomorphism can be expressed as a
homomorphism indistinguishability relation. In other words, we define a class
$\mathcal{L}_t$ of graphs such that graphs $G$ and $H$ are not distinguished by
the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre hierarchy if and only if they admit the
same number of homomorphisms from any graph in $\mathcal{L}_t$. By analysing
the treewidth of graphs in $\mathcal{L}_t$, we prove that the $3t^\text{th}$
level of Sherali--Adams linear programming hierarchy is as strong as the
$t^\text{th}$ level of Lasserre. Moreover, we show that this is best possible
in the sense that $3t$ cannot be lowered to $3t-1$ for any $t$. The same result
holds for the Lasserre hierarchy with non-negativity constraints, which we
similarly characterise in terms of homomorphism indistinguishability over a
family $\mathcal{L}_t^+$ of graphs. Additionally, we give characterisations of
level-$t$ Lasserre with non-negativity constraints in terms of logical
equivalence and via a graph colouring algorithm akin to the Weisfeiler--Leman
algorithm. This provides a polynomial time algorithm for determining if two
given graphs are distinguished by the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre
hierarchy with non-negativity constraints.
IDENTIFIKASI Mycobacterium tuberculosis PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS DI KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Wenty Darmayanita , Sri Supadmi Fracisca Romania , Waly Sry Waly
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a RNA retrovirus that attacks the human immune system. This virus infects cells that have Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) molecules, especially T lymphocytes that have receptors with high affinity for HIV. HIV virus can cause some opportunistic infections one of them tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a chronic infection caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to determine the results of identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of people with HIV / AIDS in Kendari City. This study was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Bina Husada Polytechnic Kendari. Type of this study is semi-quantitative with the sampling technique by accidental sampling as many as 10 samples. The examination used Acid Resistant Basil (BTA) and the method used Ziehl Neelsen with the results obtained did not found smear in 100 visual fields (negative) for all samples. Based on the research that has been carried out, it could be concluded that the examination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV / AIDS sufferers in Kendari City obtained negative results (-) for all samples.
Key words: HIV, AIDS, TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
ABSTRAK
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan retrovirus golongan RNA yang menyerang kekebalan tubuh manusia. Virus ini menginfeksi sel yang mempunyai molekul Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) terutama limfosit T yang memiliki reseptor dengan afinitas yang tinggi untuk HIV. Virus HIV dapat mengakibatkan beberapa infeksi oportunistik salah satunya tuberkulosis. Tuberkulosis  adalah penyakit infeksi kronis terutama disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui hasil identifikasi Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah semi kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling sebanyak 10 sampel. Pemeriksaan menggunakan pewarnaan Basil Tahan Asam (BTA) dengan metode Ziehl Neelsen dengan hasil yang diperoleh tidak ditemukan BTA dalam 100 lapang pandang (negatif) untuk semua sampel. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pemeriksaan Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Kota Kendari diperoleh hasil negatif (-) untuk semua sampel.
Kata Kunci  : HIV, AIDS, TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Caractéristiques thermiques d’une argile Kaolinite stabilisée avec la gousse de Néré en vue de l’isolation thermique de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dans la zone sahélienne
Authors:   Laboratoire de Recherche en Météorologie et l’Espace (LAREME), IMBGA B. Kossi ,   UNZ,   BP: 376 Koudougou , RN 14, SORGHO Brahima , KABORE Boureima , SAMBOU Vincent ,   Laboratoire d’Energie Thermique Renouvelable(LETRE) ; UJKZ ; 10 BP 13495 Ouaga 10, Burkina Faso,   Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux ; UJKZ ; 03 BP 7021 Ouaga 03, Burkina Faso,   Laboratoire Eau, Energie, Environnement et Procédés Industriels (LE3PI); UCAD ; BP 5085 Dakar Fann
Published: September 2024

In this work, we characterised a Karpala clay that has the same characteristics as the clays found in sub-Saharan Africa. This characterisation is part of an effort to explain the use of the plant compound in local building materials. The pod of Parkia Biglobosa (Néré), a tree found mainly in Africa, was used to stabilise the clay. A level of 4%, 8% and 12% by mass of Néré pod was added to the clay in order to observe its thermal behaviour. The thermal properties of the Nere pod -clay mixture were estimated using the hot plane method available at the Applied Energy Laboratory (A.E.L). We found that the thermal properties of the clay evolve according to the rate of Néré pod in the clay, the effusivity is reduced by 11.3% if we add 4% of Néré pod in the clay. It reduced to 15.74% and 22.40% if we add respectively 8% and 12% of Néré pod in the clay. The same observation is made for the thermal conductivity, which is reduced by 29.73% if 4% of Néré pod is added and by 33.16% and 45.57% if 8 % and 12% of Néré pod is added to the clay respectively.
Conservation Policy of Visual Quality in Connecting Area Between Historical Areas
Authors: Garudea Garudea , Soemardiono Bambang , Novianto Didit
Published: September 2024

Alun-alun Contong, a historical area in Surabaya, connects popular historical areas via a tram line. Today, it features commercial buildings from the Dutch East Indies era, which is dominated by contemporary style. Therefore, historical appearances have become degraded and disconnected from their surrounding areas. Based on the case study, this research tries to construct specific historical conservation policies on connecting areas that have not been discussed before. The mixed method involves several tactics that involve two phases: assessment of the building facade element and serial vision analysis as an internal and external identification. The results show the visual quality condition and potential of an area between two historical areas as a modality of the Alun-alun Contong conservation policy. The research findings enable conservation policies to use this method at other locations to improve or restore connectivity, strengthen visual quality, and ensure the sustainability of the entire urban heritage area.