bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a specially formulated diet on progression of heart enlargement in dogs with subclinical degenerative mitral valve disease
Authors: Oyama Mark A. , Scansen Brian A. , Boswood Adrian , Goldfeder Guilherme , Rosenthal Steven , Cober Richard , LaFauci Kendra , Friese Ryan C. , Gomes Márcia , Chang Yu‐Mei Ruby , Li Qinghong
Published: July 2023

Background

Previous studies in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) have identified altered myocardial energy metabolism and oxidation, which might contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Diets rich in medium chain fatty acids and antioxidants are a potential means of treatment. A previous clinical study found significantly smaller left atrial diameter (LAD) and left atrium‐to‐aorta diameter ratio (LA : Ao) in dogs with subclinical DMVD fed a specially formulated diet vs control diet for 6 months.

Hypothesis/Objectives

A specially formulated diet will slow or arrest left heart enlargement in dogs with subclinical DMVD over 365 days.

Animals

One hundred twenty‐seven dogs with unmedicated subclinical DMVD; 101 dogs in the per protocol cohort.

Methods

Randomized double‐blinded controlled multicenter clinical trial.

Results

The study's primary composite outcome measure was the sum of percentage change in LAD and left ventricular internal dimension at end‐diastole (LVIDd) at day 365. In the per protocol cohort, the outcome measure increased by 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9%‐13.1%) in dogs receiving the test diet vs 8.8% (95% CI, 5.1%‐12.5%) in dogs receiving control diet (P = .79). Neither component of the primary outcome measure was significantly different between groups (LAD, P = .65; LVIDd, P = .92). No difference was found in mitral valve E wave velocity (P = .36) or the proportion of dogs withdrawn from the study because of worsening DMVD and heart enlargement (P = .41).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Feeding a specially formulated diet for 365 days was not associated with a significantly different rate of change of left heart size in dogs with subclinical DMVD as compared to control.
Mice population dynamics and structure over time and space after wildfires
Authors: Puig‐Gironès R. , Pons P.
Published: July 2023

Rodents respond quickly to changes in habitat structure after wildfires. They constitute important prey items for vertebrate predators and influence vegetation structure and regeneration. Assessing the population dynamics of rodents in burnt areas, whether individuals originate from in situ survival or from ex situ immigration, is therefore a key question in understanding the recovery of trophic networks after disturbance. This study aimed to identify the recovery strategies of rodent populations in recently burnt forests in the Mediterranean basin using body condition, reproductive output, sex ratios, and distance covered by wood mice and Algerian mice. Sampling stations were set up at increasing distances from the perimeter of recently burnt areas. Rodents were captured using Sherman traps and measured. Wood mice and Algerian mice lived syntopically within the recently burnt areas studied, the former species being more abundant and the second one selecting drier areas. Results indicated that time since fire, shrub cover, and distance to the perimeter of the burnt area influenced wood mice and Algerian mice population structures. Adult female wood mice mainly remained close to the burnt area perimeter, due to this species' matriarchal structure, while juvenile males dispersed farther into the burnt area. Adult females were also recaptured more frequently than other age and sex categories over time, whereas males covered greater distances. These findings suggest that the recovery strategy of these widespread Mediterranean rodents is mainly driven by ex situ immigration from unburnt areas. These results will be useful for post‐fire management decisions such as non‐intervention, salvage logging or the conservation of open areas, given that mice are a fundamental component of the ecosystem. Results also suggest that management should focus on maintaining good connectivity between burnt and adjacent unburnt areas to support mice populations and facilitate other longer‐term conservation benefits.
Do 2 weeks of instruction time matter? Using a natural experiment to estimate the effect of a calendar change on students' performance
Authors: Sanz Ismael , Tena J. D.
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the effect on academic performance of an exogenous educational reform that reduced the school calendar of non‐fee‐paying schools in the Madrid region (Spain) by approximately two weeks, leaving the basic curriculum unchanged. To identify the consequences of such a measure, we exploit the fact that it did not affect private schools (control group) and the existence of an external cognitive test that measures academic performance before and after its application in the region. We find that the reform worsened students' educational outcomes by around 0.13 of a standard deviation. This effect was especially strong in the subjects of Spanish and Mathematics. We further explored quantile effects across the distribution of exam scores, finding that the disruption had a more negative effect on students in the upper quartile than those in the lower quartile. Overall, the analysis shows a reduction in the gap across non‐fee‐paying schools and an increase in the gap between non‐fee‐ and fee‐paying schools.
Predictable forward performance processes: Infrequent evaluation and applications to human‐machine interactions
Authors: Liang Gechun , Strub Moris S. , Wang Yuwei
Published: July 2023

We study discrete‐time predictable forward processes when trading times do not coincide with performance evaluation times in a binomial tree model for the financial market. The key step in the construction of these processes is to solve a linear functional equation of higher order associated with the inverse problem driving the evolution of the predictable forward process. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness and an explicit construction of the predictable forward process under these conditions. Furthermore, we find that these processes are inherently myopic in the sense that optimal strategies do not make use of future model parameters even if these are known. Finally, we argue that predictable forward preferences are a viable framework to model human‐machine interactions occurring in automated trading or robo‐advising. For both applications, we determine an optimal interaction schedule of a human agent interacting infrequently with a machine that is in charge of trading.
Psychophysiological fidelity: A comparative study of stress responses to real and simulated clinical emergencies
Authors: Peek Russell , Moore Lee , Arnold Rachel
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Experiencing psychological stress may affect clinician performance in acute emergencies. While simulation is used extensively in healthcare education, it is unknown whether simulation effectively replicates the psychophysiological stress of real‐world conditions. Thus, this study explored whether measurable differences exist in psychophysiological responses to acute stress in simulated compared with real‐world clinical practice.

Methods

In this within‐subjects observational study, stress appraisals, state anxiety and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded during simulated and real‐world emergencies in a 6‐month training placement in neonatal medicine. Eleven postgraduate trainees and one advanced neonatal nurse practitioner participated. Mean (SD) participant age was 33 (8) years; and eight participants (67%) were female. Data were collected at rest and immediately before, during and 20 min after simulated and real‐world neonatal emergencies. In situ simulation scenarios were modelled on those used in accredited neonatal basic life support training. Stress appraisals and state anxiety were assessed using Demand Resource Evaluation Scores and the short State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. High‐frequency power, a component of HRV associated with parasympathetic tone, was derived from electrocardiogram recordings.

Results

Simulation was associated with greater likelihood of threat appraisal and higher state anxiety. High‐frequency HRV reduced from baseline in simulated and real‐world emergencies but recovered further towards baseline 20 min after simulated events. Possible explanations for the observed differences between conditions include participants' previous experiences and expectations of simulation and the effect of post‐simulation debrief and feedback.

Discussion

This study identifies important differences in psychophysiological stress responses to simulated and real‐world emergencies. Threat appraisals, state anxiety and parasympathetic withdrawal are educationally and clinically significant, given their known associations with performance, social functioning and health regulation. While simulation may facilitate interventions aimed at optimising clinicians' stress responses, it is vital to confirm that outcomes transfer to real‐world clinical practice.
Tubulin folding cofactor B regulates microtubule homeostasis through an evolutionarily conserved pathway
Authors: Fan Yuanwei
Published: July 2023

This article is a Commentary on Zhou et al. (2023), 239: 1707–1722.
Dietary pulses as a means to improve the gut microbiome, inflammation, and appetite control in obesity
Authors: John Hannah St , Doucet Éric , Power Krista A.
Published: July 2023

A dysbiotic intestinal microbiome has been linked to chronic diseases such as obesity, which may suggest that interventions that target the microbiome may be useful in treating obesity and its complications. Appetite dysregulation and chronic systemic low‐grade inflammation, such as that observed in obesity, are possibly linked with the intestinal microbiome and are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity via the microbiome. Dietary pulses (e.g., common beans) are composed of nutrients and compounds that possess the potential to modulate the gut microbiota composition and function which can in turn improve appetite regulation and chronic inflammation in obesity. This narrative review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between the gut microbiome and obesity, appetite regulation, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. More specifically, it highlights the efficacy of interventions employing dietary common beans as a means to improve gut microbiota composition and/or function, appetite regulation, and inflammation in both rodent obesity and in humans. Collectively, results presented and discussed herein provide insight on the gaps in knowledge necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the potential of beans as a treatment for obesity while highlighting what further research is required to gain this understanding.
Ewing's sarcoma of the head and neck: A systematic review
Authors: Spiguel Monica Hermann , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Kovalski Luan Nathiel , Ribeiro Julia Turra , Só Bruna Barcelos , Silveira Felipe Martins , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Zanella Virgílio Gonzales , Aleixo Pedro Bandeira , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Manoela Domingues
Published: July 2023

Objective

The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of head and neck Ewing sarcoma (ES) concerning patients' demographic and clinical features, histopathological findings, treatment, follow‐up, and survival rate.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was undertaken in four databases. Articles describing case reports or case series were included. Outcomes were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method along with Cox regression.

Results

The search yielded 186 studies describing 227 ES cases. The mean age was 22.7 years, and males were slightly more affected. Interestingly, more than half the cases were diagnosed up to 20 years. The respiratory tract was the most reported site, followed by the jawbones. Clinically, symptomatic swelling or nodules were described, with a mean duration of 4 months. Management involved multimodal treatment regimens. Local recurrence, lymph node and distant metastasis were observed in 10.7%, 12.6%, and 20.3% of cases, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that older patients with distant metastasis had a lower overall survival rate (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study provides an overall view of head and neck ES that can assist oral and maxillofacial pathologists with the diagnosis and extend the knowledge of surgeons and oncologists about this condition.
Basic clinical management of preschool wheeze
Authors: Bush Andrew
Published: July 2023

Preschool wheeze is very common and often difficult to treat. Most children do not require any investigations; only a detailed history and physical examination to ensure an alternative diagnosis is not being missed; and the differential diagnosis, and hence investigation protocols for the child in whom a major illness is suspected, shows geographical variation. The pattern of symptoms may be divided into episodic viral and multiple trigger to guide treatment, but the pattern of symptoms must be re‐assessed regularly. However, symptom patterns are a poor guide to underlying pathology. Attention to the proper use of spacers, and adverse environmental exposures such as tobacco smoke exposure, is essential. There are no disease‐modifying therapies, so therapy is symptomatic. This paper reviews recent advances in treatment, including new data on the place of leukotriene receptor antagonists, prednisolone for acute attacks of wheeze, and antibiotics, based on new attempts to understand the underlying pathology in a way that is clinically practical.
Characterization and burden of localized back pain versus back pain with chronic overlapping pain conditions
Authors: Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Popat Rita A. , Mackey Sean
Published: July 2023

Background

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is the most common cause of years lived with disability (YLD). Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) is a relatively new taxonomy for widespread pain. Researchers have postulated that patients with COPCs have more pain‐related impact than those with isolated pain conditions. We know little about the combination of COPCs with cLBP. This study aims to characterize patients with isolated cLBP compared to those with cLBP and associated COPCs across multiple domains of physical, psychological, and social functioning.

Methods

Using Stanford's CHOIR registry‐based learning health system, we performed a cross‐sectional study on patients with localized cLBP (group L) versus cLBP with COPCs (group W). We used demographic, PROMIS (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), and legacy survey data to characterize the physical, psychological, social, and global health outcomes. We further subdivided the COPCs into intermediate and severe based on the number of body regions involved. We used descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression models to characterize and compare the pain groups.

Results

Among 8783 patients with cLBP, 485 (5.5%) had localized cLBP (Group L) without widespread pain. Compared to Group L, patients in Group W were more likely to be females, younger, and reported longer duration of pain. Although the mean pain scores were significantly higher in group W, this difference did not appear clinically significant (average pain scores MD −0.73, 95% CI [−0.91 to −0.55]). Group W had significantly worse outcomes in all PROMIS outcomes. However, outcomes with large clinical differences (Cohen's d > 0.5) were fatigue (MD = −7.0, 95% CI [−8.0 to −6.1]); sleep impairment (MD = −6.2, 95% CI [−7.1 to −5.3]); sleep disturbance (MD = −5.3, 95% CI [−6.2 to −4.5]); pain behavior (MD = −2.2, 95% CI [−2.5 to −1.8]); physical function (MD = 4.0, 95% CI [3.2–5.0]); pain interference (MD = −3.4, 95% CI [−4.0 to −2.8]); and anxiety (MD = −4.9, 95% CI [−5.7 to −4.0]). Adjusted analysis controlling for age, gender, BMI category, and duration of pain confirmed worsening of all outcomes with more widespread pain.

Conclusion

COPCs are a common presentation with cLBP. The combination of COPCs with cLBP is associated with significantly worse physical, psychological, social, and global health outcomes. This information may identify patients with COPCs and cLBP to optimally risk and treatment stratify their care and individualize their management.
Antitumoral photoinduced effects of crude extract, fractions, and naphthoquinones from Sinningia magnifica (Otto & A. Dietr.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae) in a bioguided study
Authors: Serain A. F. , Buitrago‐Mejia A. J. , de Souza G. C. A. , Corrêa W. R. , Stefanello M. E. A. , Salvador M. J.
Published: July 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used for various purposes, including as an antitumor resource in a noninvasive therapy with minimal side effects. Sinningia magnifica (Otto & A. Dietr.) Wiehler is a rupicolous plant found in rock crevices in Brazilian tropical forests. Initial studies indicate the presence of phenolic glycosides and anthraquinones in species of the genus Sinningia (Generiaceae family). It is known that anthraquinones are natural photosensitizers with potential PDT applications. This led us to investigate the potential compounds of S. magnifica for use as a natural photosensitizer against the melanoma (SK‐MEL‐103) and the prostate cancer (PC‐3) cell lines in a bioguided study. Our results showed that singlet oxygen production by the 1,3‐DPBF photodegradation assay greatly increased in the presence of crude extract and fractions. The biological activity evaluation showed photodynamic action against melanoma cell line SK‐MEL‐103 and prostate cell line PC‐3. These results suggest the presence of potential photosensitizing substances, as demonstrated in this in vitro antitumor PDT study by the naphthoquinones Dunniol and 7‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxy‐α‐dunnione for the first time. Naphthoquinones, anthraquinones and phenolic compounds were identified in the crude extract by UHPLC–MS/MS analysis, motivating us to continue with the bioguided phytochemical study aiming to discover more photochemically bioactive substances in Gesneriaceae plants.
Dispute over the Status and Use of the Waters of the Silala (Chile v Bolivia): Is the International Court of Justice falling short?
Authors: Kebebew Tadesse M.
Published: July 2023

This case note offers insights into a decision of the International Court of Justice on the legal dispute between Chile and Bolivia over the nature and use of the Silala waters and its implications for international water law. It begins with two positive notes, namely, the recognition of the unity of the Silala waters (natural and artificially enhanced flows) and the use of science and expert evidence to resolve the dispute. It then addresses two other issues that the Court should and could have dealt with more adequately, being disputes on the ‘current use’ and ‘acquired rights’ under the ambit of the equitable and reasonable utilization principle and the obligation to notify and consult planned measures. The case note concludes that the Court failed to settle the underlying legal issues sufficiently and to better guide the parties on their rights and obligations.
Attributions for abusive supervision: Who do subordinates blame and does it matter?
Authors: Kedharnath Uma , Henle Christine A. , Mumford Troy
Published: July 2023

Drawing on attribution theory, we propose in Study 1 that subordinates' supervisor‐directed responses to abusive supervision depend upon their causal attributions for the abuse. Using a scenario‐based study (N = 183), we test a moderated mediation model in which the entity blamed for abusive supervision (supervisor, organization, self) is expected to predict subordinates' behavioral intentions toward their supervisor via affective responses (supervisor disliking). This relationship will be exacerbated when subordinates perceive the cause of abusive supervision as stable. We found that subordinates who blamed themselves or the organization for the abuse disliked their supervisor less and had higher OCB‐supervisor intentions, and this relationship was stronger when subordinates perceived the cause of abuse as stable. Disliking mediated the relationship between supervisor attributions and OCB‐supervisor, but this relationship is not moderated by perceived stability. In Study 2, we explore whether there are additional entities that are blamed for abusive supervision and the reasons they are held accountable. We examined qualitative responses (N = 107) from abused subordinates to find that they most commonly blame their supervisor, themselves, and the organization for abusive supervision. However, subordinates occasionally blame their relationship with their supervisor and their work group.
Daily uplifts, daily hassles, and coping in military veterans' post‐deployment reintegration
Authors: Larsson Gerry , Nilsson Sofia , Ohlsson Alicia
Published: July 2023

Our first aim was to explore the relationship between daily uplifts, daily hassles, and coping styles the first year after returning from international military missions and post‐deployment work, family, and private reintegration in military veterans. Our second aim was to identify individual patterns regarding daily uplifts, daily hassles, and coping styles and to explore how they relate to the above‐mentioned aspects of post‐deployment reintegration. Questionnaire responses were received from 446 Swedish military veterans. Regression analyses showed that daily hassles and an escape‐avoidance coping style made significant contributions in the predicted, negative direction to the amount of explained variance on reintegration indicator scales. A high level of perceived threat during the last mission also contributed to more negative integration. Using a person‐centered approach, three unique profiles of response patterns were identified using a cluster analysis based on the uplift, hassles, and coping style scores. One profile was labeled “resilient and well‐functioning”; its members showed favorable reintegration scores. A second profile was called “ambitious and struggling.” These individuals scored medium‐high on the reintegration scales. The third profile consistently indicated the least favorable reintegration scores and was labeled “worried and avoidant.” The results confirm and deepen our existing knowledge.
That Interim Period: England's Agricultural Transition
Authors: Fajardo‐Escoffié Jose Luis
Published: July 2023

Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union, has offered the UK government a unique opportunity to fundamentally reform agricultural policy. In England, the new policy—called Environmental Land Management—will reward farmers for activities that produce environmental public goods, such as clean air and water and a thriving wildlife, and prevent environmental hazards. It could lead to the biggest changes in land management since the end of World War II. This photo essay and the process of making it contributes to a better understanding of how farmers feel about the changes underway.
Modified rush venom immunotherapy in dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity
Authors: Moore Alexandra , Burrows Amanda K. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Ghubash Rudayna M. , Hosgood Giselle
Published: July 2023

Background

Hymenoptera envenomation occurs frequently in people and dogs and can trigger anaphylaxis. Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only preventive treatment for Hymenoptera hypersensitivity and is indicated for people with severe adverse reactions to insect stings. Rush VIT is an accelerated VIT protocol in people. This has not been reported in dogs.

Objectives

The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety of modified rush VIT.

Animals

Twenty client‐owned dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity based on a history of adverse reactions to Hymenoptera envenomation and a positive intradermal test to honey bee and/or paper wasp venom.

Materials and Methods

Dogs received incremental doses of venom via subcutaneous injection one day per week for three consecutive weeks until the maintenance dose was achieved. Vital signs were recorded every 30 min prior to venom administration. Adverse reactions were categorised as localised or grade I–IV systemic reactions.

Results

Nineteen of 20 dogs (95%) completed rush VIT. One dog experienced a grade III systemic adverse reaction and was withdrawn from the study. No adverse reactions occurred in 10 of 20 dogs (50%). Localised and grade I–II systemic reactions occurred in nine of 20 dogs (45%), including nausea (n = 5), injection site pruritus (n = 3) and diarrhoea and lethargy (n = 1).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Modified rush VIT in dogs was well‐tolerated and should be considered for dogs with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of VIT in dogs for preventing hypersensitivity reactions to insect stings.
Effect of metastatic calcification on complication rate and survival in 74 renal transplant cats (1998–2020)
Authors: Friday Sarah E. , Oyama Mark A. , Massey Laura K. , Aronson Lillian R.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To report the incidence of metastatic calcification in cats with renal failure presenting for renal transplantation, and to determine if metastatic calcification detected prior to renal transplantation is associated with complication rates and patient survival.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Sample population

Seventy‐four cats.

Methods

In imaging studies, 178 feline renal transplant recipients from 1998 to 2020 were evaluated for metastatic calcification. Demographic, clinicopathological data, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, need for hemodialysis, and survival times were recorded. Exclusion criteria were cats lacking imaging reports and cats with gastric, renal, or tracheal/bronchial calcification alone. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine variables that were independently associated with survival. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to generate survival plots and estimate median survival times with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Seventy four of 178 cats met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen of 74 (20.3%) cats had metastatic calcification prior to renal transplantation. Twelve of 74 (16.2%) cats developed calcification following transplantation, and 47 of 74 (63.5%) cats had no calcification during the study period. Median follow‐up time was 472 days, with a range of 0–1825 days. Cats with pretransplant calcification had shorter median survival times (147 days) than cats without calcification (646 days) (p = .0013). Metastatic calcification pretransplant was associated with an increased risk of death by 240% (95% CI, 1.22–4.71).

Conclusion

Metastatic calcification in renal transplant cats is a negative prognostic indicator and is associated with decreased survival times.

Clinical significance

These findings may help guide therapeutic recommendations and owner expectations in cats undergoing renal transplantation.
Developments and expansions of a suite of trickling filters models
Authors: Pearce Peter
Published: July 2023

In the United Kingdom, trickling filters remain the most widespread secondary biological treatment process for municipal sewage treatment in terms of number of installations. Ongoing improvement in environmental quality of surface waters requires many of these sites to meet stringent effluent standards. Since publication of the original model for nitrification on mineral media trickling filters by Pearce and Williams in 1999 and the model for nitrification on plastic media filters by Pearce and Edwards in 2010, they have attracted widespread use. Since publication, the models have undergone some refinement and benefitted from an increased application range. Furthermore, recent publications by Pearce and Yang have delivered widely based models for predicting average and seasonal humus tank effluent suspended solids and variability at a resolution of daily 95th percentile performance. This paper presents recent developments of the nitrification models and consolidates the suite of models now available for trickling filter design, evaluation and operation.
The User-Friendliness and Effectiveness of the Interactive E-Book "Learn Malay With Rene" for Adult Foreign Speakers
Authors: Mohammad Marene , Mohd Nasir Zaliza
Published: July 2023

The rise of e-books has been adopted in the education system around the world due to its positive impact on the learning environment, including language learning. However, previous research has shown that the use of interactive e-books in learning Malay in Malaysia is still not encouraging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the user-friendliness and effectiveness of self-learning Malay among adult foreign speakers. This study used mixed mode research and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a quantitative framework. The research material chosen is an interactive e-book titled "Learn Malay With Rene," which was written and developed by the researcher with the participation of 18 adult foreign speakers and expatriates from Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru. The study's findings show that adult foreign speakers positively perceived e-book designs with interactive elements and multimedia features that are user-friendly and simple to use. Meanwhile, respondents were optimistic about interactive e-books as a self-learning Malay language tool. The study can be used as a reference for designers when creating materials for interactive e-books for learning Malay. Adult foreign speakers clearly enjoyed the audio-visual learning material and appreciated the interactive links in the e-book that included graphics, music, videos, games, and quizzes. As a result, it is possible to conclude that interactive e-books should be expanded in all fields, particularly in teaching and learning Malay.
Pelaksanaan E-Pembelajaran dalam Persekitaran Sosial dan Budaya di Sekolah Transformasi (TS25) di Malaysia
Authors: Subban Suvarmani Subban , Mohamd@Razak Nor Asiah , Ab. Jalil Habibah , Ismail Ismi Arif
Published: July 2023

Pelaksanaan e-Pembelajaran dalam kalangan guru masih tidak memuaskan walaupun Malaysia telah menjejaki tahun 2020. Matlamat ‘Wawasan 2020’ seharusnya tercapai dengan kemajuan teknologi dalam pendidikan, dan sudah tentu pelaksanaan integrasi e-pembelajaran di sekolah pada tahap 5 bintang. Namun, ‘Wawasan 2020’ tidak berlaku seperti yang diharapkan kerana banyak sekolah yang berada di bawah tahap 3-bintang. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pelaksanaan integrasi e- pembelajaran dalam kalangan guru dalam persekitaran sosial dan budaya sekolah di sekolah transformasi (TS25) di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian kes tunggal. Tujuh peserta kajian terlibat dalam temu duga, iaitu pengetua, penyelaras TMK, ketua panitia, guru TMK, dan tiga guru mata pelajaran di sekolah terpilih bagi mendapat pelbagai perspektif mengenai pengalaman warga sekolah. Kajian in didasari oleh Teori Aktiviti Budaya dan Sejarah untuk memahami aktiviti warga sekolah dalam pelaksanaan integrasi e-pembelajaran di sekolah. Data kajian ini dianalisis melalui kaedah ‘perbandingan tetap’; setiap data dari setiap peserta kajian dibandingkan untuk menghasilkan tema. Dapatan persoalan kajian pertama menghasilkan dua tema yang mewakili ‘cabaran’ dan penyebab ‘cabaran’, iaitu: 1) infrastruktur e-pembelajaran di sekolah terhad disebabkan kekangan kewangan dan 2) kegagalan mematuhi peraturan sekolah disebabkan kekangan masa. Persoalan kajian kedua juga menghasilkan dua tema yang mewakili penyelesaian ‘cabaran’, iaitu,: 1) ‘prestasi dibantu’ oleh warga sekolah bagi menyelesaikan ‘cabaran’ di sekolah; dan 2) ‘perkongsian idea’ oleh warga sekolah bagi menyelesaikan ‘cabaran’ di sekolah. Kajian ini memberi panduan penting bagi kejayaan pelaksanaan integrasi e-pembelajaran yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh sekolah-sekolah lain yang mempunyai ciri-ciri dan persekitaran yang sama.
The Differentiated Learning Method (DLM) Practices in Malaysia
Authors: Abu Hassan Fatin Nabilah , Ajmain Muhammad Talhah
Published: July 2023

In Malaysia, the teachers are struggling to teach diverse learners in large classrooms. Since the Ministry has called upon the abolishment of streaming practices, both high-achieving and low-achieving students are now being grouped together. Therefore, the teachers have to equip themselves with a latest and effective teaching and learning method to address students’ differences and needs. They have to be able to identify, acknowledge and tailor their lessons to make sure no one is left behind, and every student have the opportunity to learn at their best. Differentiated learning method (DLM) has been recognized globally for its ability to accommodate diverse learners. However, this concept is still new in Malaysia and the implementation is limited to the gifted students. This paper will discuss the concept of differentiated learning method in detail and the application of DLM in Malaysia context.
THERMODYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF SOLAR-EJECTOR PUMP OTEC (SEP-OTEC) RANKINE CYCLE USING AMMONIA AS REFRIGERANT
Authors: Suruji Muhammad Aiman Wafi , Nasir Nazri , Nik Mohd Nik Ahmad Ridhwan , Wahinuddin Muhammad Ajwad , Mat Shabudin , Othman Norazila , Wahid Mastura
Published: July 2023

Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) applications include ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), in which mechanical work is generated from heat energy to rotate generators and generate electricity. The OTEC system heated and cooled its refrigerant by taking advantage of the relatively small temperature difference between the warmer surface seawater and the colder deep seawater. The low-temperature difference between seawater and the rest of the system meant that the thermal efficiency of the system was relatively low; to address this problem, the OTEC cycles needed to be revised. To increase the basic OTEC cycle's thermal efficiency by 3.3–4.0%, various modifications have been developed. Two such cycles are the Solar Boosted OTEC (SOTEC) cycle and the Ejector Pump cycle (EP-OTEC). While the two improvements alter the rotating turbine parameters in different ways, they can be combined to create an improved OTEC cycle through the use of thermodynamics. In this study, an algorithm for revised OTEC was developed using MATLAB, and the performance of the system after the modifications was further quantified. This SEP-OTEC cycle thermal efficiency gives a 1.2-fold improvement when compared to the previous OTEC cycle thermal efficiency, which was 3.1%.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LITERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Unegbu Hyginus C.O. , Yawas Danjuma , Dan-asabe Bashar
Published: July 2023

Nigeria's construction industry is a critical sector that drives economic growth and development, but it faces numerous challenges that affect project performance. This study aimed to identify the factors and obstacles that impede construction project performance in Nigeria through a comprehensive literature review. The review involved a systematic approach to identify relevant studies from reputable academic databases, and the findings were synthesized and analyzed. The study found that poor project planning and scheduling, inadequate risk management, corruption, and ineffective stakeholder management were the primary factors contributing to poor project performance in Nigeria. The study highlights that these factors are interrelated and can exacerbate one another, leading to significant cost overruns, delays, and substandard work. Additionally, the study found that effective project management was a key success factor in improving project performance. To improve construction project performance in Nigeria, the study recommends that stakeholders in the industry should focus on improving project planning and scheduling, risk management, stakeholder management, and promoting ethical standards to curb corruption. By adopting these measures, the Nigerian construction industry can improve project performance, deliver high-quality infrastructure, and contribute to the country's economic growth and development.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTHOCYANIN DERIVED BUTTERFLY PEA FLOWERS
Authors: Hamdan Siti Hartini , Halid Izzati , Ahmad Hamidi Fara Wahida , Ali Ruzainah , Jamaludin Nurul Faezawaty
Published: July 2023

In the realm of cosmetology, anthocyanin has recently been used as one of the essential ingredients. Anthocyanin has been demonstrated to lessen irritability and aid in moisture retention when applied. However, adding a natural ingredient to a skin care product formulation might alter the consumer's experience when the product is applied since it increases the actual contact area and adhesion, which alters friction. In this study, the chemical and flow characteristics of anthocyanin are examined in order to evaluate the rheological characteristics of butterfly pea flowers that contain anthocyanin. Anthocyanins were derived from three main sources and the characteristic have been compared. By using a shear rate scan test rheometer with a plate configuration and a 1mm gap and temperatures ranging from 25°C to 85°C, rheological data were collected. Utilizing a UV-visible spectrophotometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), anthocyanin's chemical structure, class, and yield are each identified. It is found that anthocyanins' structural, physical, and functional attributes are generally influenced by their source, composition, and content.
The Similarity Law of Cavitation Number on Cavitation Instability in Liquid Rocket Inducer
Authors: Tamura Koki , Kondo Sota , Kawasaki Satoshi , Iga Yuka
Published: July 2023

The influence of inducer rotation speed on the propagation characteristics of rotating cavitation and on the unsteady characteristics of cavitation in rotating cavitation and cavitation surge were examined using a three-bladed inducer, which is named THK inducer, to develop the rocket engine turbopump that can operate stably over a wide operating range. The novel point of the paper is focusing on the cavitation itself, which is the cause of cavitation instabilities. The paper conducted two types of experiments using an inducer and single hydrofoils, and the dimensional and nondimensional unsteady characteristic, which is the frequency of unsteady cavitation and the Strouhal number, were evaluated. Three types of rotating cavitation and cavitation surge were observed in the inducer. For a given cavitation number, the Strouhal number of rotating cavitation and the frequency of unsteady cavitation in cavitation surge are independent of the inducer rotation speed, respectively. The characteristic of rotating cavitation corresponds to that of cavitations arising in hydrofoils, but its characteristic of cavitation surge does not correspond. The dynamic characteristic of cavitation compliance in cavitation surge is similar to that of several rocket engine turbopumps. Therefore, it was proved that rotating cavitation is a cavity oscillation and cavitation surge is a system oscillation. Additionally, in a flow field with the same flow coefficient and different impeller rotation speed, the unsteady characteristics of cavitation instabilities are equal if the cavitation number is equal, which is named the “similarity law of cavitation number on cavitation instability.”
Seryl-tRNA Synthetase Shows a Noncanonical Activity of Upregulating Laccase Transcription in
Trametes hirsuta
AH28-2 Exposed to Copper Ion
Authors: Gan Zhiwei , Zhang Xueping , Li Mengke , Li Xing , Zhang Xinlei , Wang Chenkai , Xiao Yazhong , Liu Juanjuan , Fang Zemin
Published: July 2023

Seryl-tRNA synthetase is well known for the attachment of serine to the corresponding cognate tRNA during protein translation. In contrast, its functions beyond translation in microorganisms are underexplored.
Exploring support, experiences and needs of older women and health professionals to inform a self-management package for urinary incontinence: a qualitative study
Authors: Fu Yu , Jackson Cath , Nelson Andrea , Iles-Smith Heather , McGowan Linda
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Many women attempt to manage urinary incontinence (UI) independently with variable success while health professionals may be unaware of their needs. This study aimed to (1) understand older women’s experiences of UI, their self-management strategies and support needs; (2) explore health professionals’ experiences of supporting women and providing relevant services and (3) combine their experiences contribute to development of a theory-based and evidence-based self-management package for UI.

Design

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 older women with UI and 11 specialist health professionals. Data were analysed independently using the framework approach, then synthesised in a triangulation matrix to identify implications for content and delivery of the self-management package.

Setting

Community centres, community continence clinic and urogynaecology centre of a local teaching hospital in northern England.

Participants

Women aged 55 years and over who self-reported symptoms of UI and health professionals delivering UI services.

Results

Three overarching themes emerged. Older women see UI as a ‘fact of life’ but many struggle with it: women typically considered UI as part of ageing yet expressed annoyance, distress, embarrassment and had made significant lifestyle changes. Access to information and limited high-quality professional support: health professionals provided specialist UI care and information. Yet less than half of women accessed specialist services, those who had, highly valued these services. ‘Trial and error’ with different self-management strategies: women had tried or were using different strategies (continence pads, pelvic floor exercises, bladder management and training, fluid management and medication), with mixed success. Health professionals provided evidence-based, personalised support and motivation.

Conclusions

Findings informed the content of the self-management package that focused on providing facts, acknowledging challenges of living with/self-managing UI, sharing others’ experiences, using motivational strategies and self-management tools. Delivery preferences were independent use by women or working through the package with a health professional.
Combination of cancer vaccine with CD122-biased IL-2/anti-IL-2 Ab complex shapes the stem-like effector NK and CD8+T cells against tumor
Authors: Shimizu Kanako , Ueda Shogo , Kawamura Masami , Aoshima Honoka , Satoh Mikiko , Nakabayashi Jun , Fujii Shin-ichiro
Published: July 2023

Background

A key to success of cancer immunotherapy is the amplification and sustenance of various effector cells. The hallmark of prominent antitumor T cells is their long-term effector function. Although interleukin (IL)-2 is an attractive cytokine, several attempts have been made towards developing IL-2 modalities with improved effectiveness and safety that enhance natural killer (NK) cells or T cells in cancer models. However, whether such IL-2 modalities can simultaneously support long-term innate and adaptive immunity, particularly stem-like memory, has not been shown. To resolve this issue, we compared the antitumor cellular mechanism with two IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes (IL-2Cxs) administered in combination with a therapeutic cancer vaccine, which we had previously established as an in vivo dendritic cell-targeting therapy.

Methods

Two types of IL-2Cxs, CD25-biased IL-2Cx and CD122-biased IL-2Cx, together with a Wilms’ tumor 1-expressing vaccine, were evaluated in a leukemic model. The immunological response and synergistic antitumor efficacy of these IL-2Cxs were then evaluated.

Results

When CD25-biased or CD122-biased IL-2Cxs in combination with the vaccine were assessed in an advanced-leukemia model, the CD122-biased IL-2Cx combination showed 100% survival, but the CD25-biased IL-2Cx did not. We first showed that invariant natural killer T (NKT) 1 cells are predominantly activated by CD122-biased IL-2Cx. In addition, in-depth analysis of immune responses by CD122-biased IL-2Cx in lymphoid tissues and the tumor microenvironment revealed a dramatic increase in the distinct subsets of NK and CD8+T cells with stem-like phenotype (CD27+Sca-1hi, CXCR3hi, CD127+TCF-1+T-bet+Eomes+). Moreover, CD122-biased IL-2Cx combination therapy maintained long-term memory CD8+T cells capable of potent antitumor protection. After the high dimensional profiling analysis of NK and CD8+T cells, principal component analysis revealed that the stem-like-NK cell and stem-like-CD8+T cell state in the combination were integrated in the same group.

Conclusions

CD122-biased IL-2Cx combined with the vaccine can induce a series of reactions in the immune cascade, including activation of not only NKT1 cells, but also NK and CD8+T cells with a stem-like memory phenotype. Since it can also lead to a long-term, strong antitumor response, the combination of CD122-biased IL-2Cx with a vaccine may serve as a potential and competent strategy for patients with advanced cancer.
Haemostatic resuscitation in practice: a descriptive analysis of blood products administered during Operation HERRICK, Afghanistan
Authors: Davies Rhys L , Thompson J , McGuire R , Smith J E , Webster S , Woolley T
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Life-threatening haemorrhage is the leading cause of potentially survivable injury in battlefield casualties. During Operation HERRICK (Afghanistan), mortality rates improved year on year due to a number of advances in trauma care, including haemostatic resuscitation. Blood transfusion practice has not previously been reported in detail during this period.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of blood transfusion at the UK role 3 medical treatment facility (MTF) at Camp Bastion between March 2006 and September 2014 was performed. Data were extracted from two sources: the UK Joint Theatre Trauma Registry (JTTR) and the newly established Deployed Blood Transfusion Database (DBTD).

Results

3840 casualties were transfused 72 138 units of blood and blood products. 2709 adult casualties (71%) were fully linked with JTTR data and were transfused a total of 59 842 units. Casualties received between 1 unit and 264 units of blood product with a median of 13 units per patient. Casualties wounded by explosion required almost twice the volume of blood product transfusion as those wounded by small arms fire or in a motor vehicle collision (18 units, 9 units, and 10 units, respectively). More than half of blood products were transfused within the first 2 hours following arrival at the MTF. There was a trend towards balanced resuscitation with more equal ratios of blood and blood products being used over time.

Conclusion

This study has defined the epidemiology of blood transfusion practice during Operation HERRICK. The DBTD is the largest combined trauma database of its kind. It will ensure that lessons learnt during this period are defined and not forgotten; it should also allow further research questions to be answered in this important area of resuscitation practice.