bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Effect of Sports Facilities on Local Area Commercial Rents: Evidence From Brooklyn’s Barclays Center
Authors: Propheter Geoffrey
Published: August 2017

The effect of Brooklyn’s Barclays Center on commercial land rents is estimated on a pooled cross-section of parcels within 1 mile of the arena from 2006 through 2015. The effect of the arena is isolated using a triple difference-in-difference approach. From the preferred model, net operating income per square foot is estimated to fall by an average of 3.7% for each 1,000 feet away a commercial parcel is removed from the arena. The average rent effect within 1 mile of the arena is further estimated to be US$2.71 per square foot. The implications of the findings are discussed.
A Performative Paradigm for Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Schoonenboom Judith
Published: August 2017

This article introduces a performative paradigm for mixed methods research based on Andrew Pickering’s performative view of research. This paradigm is compared with three existing mixed methods paradigms: the dialectic stance, critical realism, and pragmatism. The performative paradigm assumes the existence of multiple realities that can be known in various ways. In a research inquiry, researchers create new, unknown worlds, which they subsequently investigate. Through research, an ever-higher degree of objectivity is obtained in successive “mangles,” rounds of feedback, in which the researcher listens to the created world’s feedback and adapts his or her research models accordingly. Across and within research inquiries, many and various kinds of mangles can be combined, including mangles qualitative and mangles quantitative in nature.
Integrating Exercise Counseling Into the Medical School Curriculum: A Workshop-Based Approach Using Behavior Change Techniques
Authors: Brennan Andrea M. , D’Urzo Katrina A. , Fenuta Alyssa M. , Houlden Robyn L. , Tomasone Jennifer R.
Published: August 2017

Objective. Physician physical activity (PA) counseling remains low due partly to lack of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of providing learning opportunities to develop competency, given the strong associations between PA and health. This study aimed to describe the behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in an “Exercise Expo” workshop and examine the workshop’s effectiveness for improving social cognitions to discuss exercise with patients. Methods. Second-year medical students (N = 54; Mage ± SD = 25.4 ± 2.95 years) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes, perceived behavior control (PBC), subjective norms, and intentions to provide PA counseling pre- and postworkshop. Repeated-measures analyses of variance evaluated changes in these theory of planned behavior constructs. Results. The most used BCTs included presenting information from credible sources, with opportunities for practicing the behavior and receiving feedback. Significant increases in attitudes, PBC and intentions to discuss PA were observed from pre-post Exercise Expo ( P ≤ .01). No statistically significant differences in subjective norms were observed ( P = .06). Conclusions. The Exercise Expo significantly improved social cognitions for PA counseling among medical students. Future interventions should target improvements in subjective norms to increase the likelihood the workshop improves PA counseling behavior. The evidence supports the usefulness of a workshop-based educational strategy to enhance medical students’ social cognitions for PA counseling.
A score for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Naess Halvor , Andreassen Ulrike W , Thomassen Lars , Kvistad Christopher E
Published: August 2017

Aim

Many patients with ischemic stroke have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that may be difficult to detect. We sought to identify markers of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and construct a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose atrial fibrillation.

Methods

A group of patients with acute ischemic stroke and TIA and documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was compared to a group of patients with ischemic stroke and TIA and no known paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. Clinical features, blood tests, ECG, and MRI findings were compared. Sensitivity and specificity of significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were calculated. A simple score based on independent markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was constructed.

Results

Out of 3480 patients with TIA or ischemic stroke, 237 (19%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 1002 (81%) had sinus rhythm. On univariate analyses, significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation included increasing age, females, prior ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, pathologic troponin, embolic stroke and stroke in different arterial territories (all P < .01). A score including age dichotomized at 75 years, cardiac disease and troponin was constructed.

Conclusion

We identified many markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and constructed a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Ambulance-delivered transdermal glyceryl trinitrate versus sham for ultra-acute stroke: Rationale, design and protocol for the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2) trial (ISRCTN26986053)
Authors: Appleton Jason P , Scutt Polly , Dixon Mark , Howard Harriet , Haywood Lee , Havard Diane , Hepburn Trish , England Tim , Sprigg Nikola , Woodhouse Lisa J , Wardlaw Joanna M , Montgomery Alan A , Pocock Stuart , Bath Philip M ,   The RIGHT-2 Investigators
Published: August 2017

Rationale

Vascular nitric oxide levels are low in acute stroke and donors such as glyceryl trinitrate have shown promise when administered very early after stroke. Potential mechanisms of action include augmentation of cerebral reperfusion, thrombolysis and thrombectomy, lowering blood pressure, and cytoprotection.

Aim

To test the safety and efficacy of four days of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (5 mg/day) versus sham in patients with ultra-acute presumed stroke who are recruited by paramedics prior to hospital presentation.

Sample size estimates

The sample size of 850 patients will allow a shift in the modified Rankin Scale with odds ratio 0.70 (glyceryl trinitrate versus sham, ordinal logistic regression) to be detected with 90% power at 5% significance (two-sided).

Design

The Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2 (RIGHT-2) is a multicentre UK prospective randomized sham-controlled outcome-blinded parallel-group trial in 850 patients with ultra-acute (≤4 h of onset) FAST-positive presumed stroke and systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg who present to the ambulance service following a 999 emergency call. Data collection is performed via a secure internet site with real-time data validation.

Study outcomes

The primary outcome is the modified Rankin Scale measured centrally by telephone at 90 days and masked to treatment. Secondary outcomes include: blood pressure, impairment, recurrence, dysphagia, neuroimaging markers of the acute lesion including vessel patency, discharge disposition, length of stay, death, cognition, quality of life, and mood. Neuroimaging and serious adverse events are adjudicated blinded to treatment.

Discussion

RIGHT-2 has recruited more than 500 participants from seven UK ambulance services.

Status

Trial is ongoing.

Funding

British Heart Foundation.

Registration

ISRCTN26986053.
A multiple triangulation analysis on the role of product development activities on product success
Authors: Suharyanti Yosephine , Subagyo  , Masruroh Nur Aini , Bastian Indra
Published: August 2017

The relationship between product development process and product success remains to confound many. Although most researchers agree that product development is one of the main factors affecting product success, many case studies performed since 1980s have shown different results. Some studies find a strong relationship between a product development activity and the product success, while some others discover the opposite. There is no generic result to be referred to further study or used for practices. Therefore, this study explores further the effect of product development activities on product success by conducting a multiple triangulation approach. This approach cross-examines three methods with three different data: meta-analyses that use data from a number of case studies previously published; analytic hierarchy process that takes data from product development experts’ judgment; and resource allocation analysis that utilizes companies’ operational data. The results show that the relationship between product development process and product success is unique for every case or group of cases. The relationship can be determined by utilizing resource allocation data and experts’ judgment, as shown by a general procedure proposed.
Wanting to Stay and Wanting to Go
Authors: Joel Samantha , MacDonald Geoff , Page-Gould Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

The present research examined the subjective experience of deciding whether or not to end a romantic relationship. In Study 1, open-ended reasons for wanting to stay in a relationship versus leave were provided by three samples and categorized by trained coders, resulting in 27 distinct reasons for wanting to stay (e.g., emotional intimacy, investment) and 23 reasons for wanting to leave (e.g., conflict, breach of trust). In Study 2, we examined endorsement of specific stay/leave reasons among participants currently contemplating either a breakup or a divorce. Most stay and leave reasons mapped onto global ratings of satisfaction and commitment. Attachment anxiety was associated with stronger endorsement of many reasons for wanting to both stay and leave. Further, many participants were simultaneously motivated to both stay in their relationships and leave, suggesting that ambivalence is a common experience for those who are thinking about ending their relationships.
Bilateral arthrodesis of the distal tibiofibular joint for deforming osteochondromatas
Authors: Ribbans WJ , Chadwick J , Natarajan R
Published: August 2017

Lesson

The first case of bilateral distal tibiofibular joint fusions for osteochondromas is reported with excellent long-term outcomes.
There Is No Performance, There Is Just This Moment: The Role of Mindfulness Instruction in Promoting Health and Well-Being Among Students at a Highly-Ranked University in the United States
Authors: Kerrigan Deanna , Chau Victoria , King Melissa , Holman Emily , Joffe Alain , Sibinga Erica
Published: August 2017

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been shown to improve health outcomes across populations. We explored the feasibility, acceptability, and initial effects of a pilot MBSR program at a highly-ranked university in the United States. We conducted 23 in-depth interviews with 13 students. Interviews explored stressors and coping mechanisms, experiences with MBSR, and its reported impact and potential future use. Interviews were analyzed using thematic content and narrative analyses. Results indicated that students are exposed to a very high level of constant stress related to the sheer amount of work and activities that they have and the pervasive surrounding university culture of perfectionism. MBSR offered an opportunity to step back and gain perspective on issues of balance and priorities and provided concrete techniques to counter the effects of stressors. We conclude that MBSR and mindfulness programs may contribute to more supportive university learning environments and greater health and well-being among students.
Perception toward Permission- based E-mails in Banks
Authors: Gupta Nimit , Rana Sudhir
Published: August 2017

In order to reach consumers at the right time with the most appropriate message, it is crucial that marketers understand consumer behavior first and then properly encode their message, followed by right frequency and time management to ensure success. Financial services companies who send to customers permission-based e-mails, reap bonus in form of enhanced credibility and brand loyalty. Permission-based e-mail marketing is a useful tool of contemporary marketing. The aim of the study is to gauge the perception toward permission-based e-mails. This empirical study focuses on various variables affecting the perception of respondents. The results show “Privacy,” “Content,” and “Promptness” are important variables in permission-based e-mail by banks. Finally, the results and their implications are discussed.
Cost-effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy using stent retriever after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator compared with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in Spain
Authors: de Andrés-Nogales Fernando , Álvarez María , de Miquel María Ángeles , Segura Tomás , Gil Alberto , Cardona Pere , Casado Miguel Ángel , Nogueira Raul G , Dávalos Antoni
Published: August 2017

Introduction

To assess the cost-effectiveness of stent-retriever mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator compared with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusions in Spain.

Materials and methods

Clinical data were taken from the SWIFT PRIME clinical trial. A lifetime Markov state transition model defined by the modified Rankin Scale score was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes (life years gained and quality adjusted life years). A Spanish National Health System perspective (direct medical costs) was considered. Resource utilisation and utilities were obtained from available published data and endorsed by an expert panel. Costs (€, 2016) were obtained from various Spanish sources. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator was associated with better outcomes (1.17 life years gained and 2.51 quality adjusted life years) and savings of €44,378, resulting in a dominant therapy over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone. A net monetary benefit of €119,744 was obtained considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30,000/quality adjusted life year gained. The combined therapy was also dominant in all sensitivity analyses, deterministic and probabilistic.

Discussion

The results were consistent with a previously published cost-effectiveness analysis and reinforce the likeliness of the selection of stent-retriever mechanical thrombectomy plus intravenous tissue plasminogen activator over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone.

Conclusion

Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator is a dominant alternative over intravenous tissue plasminogen activator alone (more effective and less costly) for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusions in the Spanish setting.
Lipidomics and anti‐trypanosomatid chemotherapy
Authors: Biagiotti Michael , Dominguez Sedelia , Yamout Nader , Zufferey Rachel
Published: August 2017

Background

Trypanosomatids such as Leishmania, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi belong to the order Kinetoplastida and are the source of many significant human and animal diseases. Current treatment is unsatisfactory and is compromised by the rising appearance of drug resistant parasites. Novel and more effective chemotherapeutics are urgently needed to treat and prevent these devastating diseases, which relies on the identification of essential, parasite specific targets that are absent in the host. Lipids constitute essential components of the cell and carry out multiple critical functions from building blocks of biological membranes to regulatory roles in signal transduction, organellar biogenesis, energy storage, and virulence. The recent technological advances of lipidomics has facilitated the broadening of our knowledge in the field of cellular lipid content, structure, functions, and metabolic pathways.

Main body

This review highlights the application of lipidomics (i) in the characterization of the lipidome of kinetoplastid parasites or of their subcellular structure(s), (ii) in the identification of unique lipid species or metabolic pathways that can be targeted for novel drug therapies, (iii) as an analytic tool to gain a deeper insight into the roles of specific enzymes in lipid metabolism using genetically modified microorganisms, and (iv) in deciphering the mechanism of action of anti‐microbial drugs on lipid metabolism. Lastly, an outlook stating where the field is evolving is presented.

Conclusion

Lipidomics has contributed to the expanding knowledge related to lipid metabolism, mechanism of drug action and resistance, and pathogen–host interaction of trypanosomatids, which provides a solid basis for the development of better anti‐parasitic pharmaceuticals.
Editorial: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: a new therapeutic target in sepsis patients
Authors: Stortz Julie A , Efron Philip A
Published: August 2017

Discussion on human MDSC data in sepsis research.
Mathematical properties and physical meaning of the gravity gradient tensor eigenvalues
Authors: Cevallos Carlos
Published: August 2017

The eigenvalues of the gravity gradient tensor can be expressed as functions of two parameters: a magnitude and a phase. The decomposition gives physical meaning to the eigenvalues: The magnitude measures the amount of curvature, and the phase is related to the type of source. Their understanding allows one to propose new quantities to interpret. As an example, a modified phase eigenvalue offers the interpreter a subtle enhanced version of the vertical gravity gradient, which is evaluated with model data and applied to FALCON airborne gravity gradiometer data from the Perth Basin, Australia.
Burnout and psychiatric morbidity among doctors in the UK: A systematic literature review of prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Imo Udemezue O.
Published: August 2017

Aims and method

To systematically review the prevalence and associated factors of burnout and stress-related psychiatric disorders among UK doctors. An extensive search was conducted of PubMed, EBSCOhost and British medical journals for studies published over a 20-year span measuring the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity (using the General Health Questionnaire) and burnout (using the Maslach Burnout Inventory).

Results

Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity ranged from 17 to 52%. Burnout scores for emotional exhaustion ranged from 31 to 54.3%, depersonalisation 17.4 to 44.5% and low personal accomplishment 6 to 39.6%. General practitioners and consultants had the highest scores. Factors significantly associated with increase in the prevalence of burnout and psychiatric morbidity include low job satisfaction, overload, increased hours worked and neuroticism.

Clinical implications

The results indicate a worryingly high rate of burnout and psychiatric morbidity among UK doctors, which could have a huge negative impact on healthcare provision in general. Factors at personal and organisational levels contribute to burnout and psychiatric morbidity, and so efforts made to counter these problems should target both levels.
Strategies for Introducing Outpatient Specialty Palliative Care in Gynecologic Oncology
Authors: Hay Casey M. , Lefkowits Carolyn , Crowley-Matoka Megan , Bakitas Marie A. , Clark Leslie H. , Duska Linda R. , Urban Renata R. , Creasy Stephanie L. , Schenker Yael
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Concern that patients will react negatively to the idea of palliative care is cited as a barrier to timely referral. Strategies to successfully introduce specialty palliative care to patients have not been well described. We sought to understand how gynecologic oncologists introduce outpatient specialty palliative care.

Methods:

We conducted a national qualitative interview study at six geographically diverse academic cancer centers with well-established palliative care clinics between September 2015 and March 2016. Thirty-four gynecologic oncologists participated in semistructured telephone interviews focusing on attitudes, experiences, and practices related to outpatient palliative care. A multidisciplinary team analyzed interview transcripts using constant comparative methods to inductively develop and refine a coding framework. This analysis focuses on practices for introducing palliative care.

Results:

Mean participant age was 47 years (standard deviation, 10 years). Mean interview length was 25 minutes (standard deviation, 7 minutes). Gynecologic oncologists described the following three main strategies for introducing outpatient specialty palliative care: focus initial palliative care referral on symptom management to dissociate palliative care from end-of-life care and facilitate early relationship building with palliative care clinicians; use a strong physician-patient relationship and patient trust to increase acceptance of referral; and explain and normalize palliative care referral to address negative associations and decrease patient fear of abandonment. These strategies aim to decrease negative patient associations and encourage acceptance of early referral to palliative care specialists.

Conclusion:

Gynecologic oncologists have developed strategies for introducing palliative care services to alleviate patient concerns. These strategies provide groundwork for developing system-wide best practice approaches to the presentation of palliative care referral.
Variability in the Use of Protective Mechanical Ventilation During General Anesthesia
Authors: Ladha Karim S. , Bateman Brian T. , Houle Timothy T. , De Jong Myrthe A. C. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Kurth Tobias , Eikermann Matthias
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant variation exists in the use of protective ventilation across individual anesthesia providers and whether this difference can be explained by patient, procedure, and provider-related characteristics.

METHODS:

The cohort consisted of 262 anesthesia providers treating 57,372 patients at a tertiary care hospital between 2007 and 2014. Protective ventilation was defined as a median positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O or more, tidal volume of <10 mL/kg of predicted body weight and plateau pressure of <30 cm H2O. Analysis was performed using mixed-effects logistic regression models with propensity scores to adjust for covariates. The definition of protective ventilation was modified in sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS:

In unadjusted analysis, the mean probability of administering protective ventilation was 53.8% (2.5th percentile of provider 19.9%, 97.5th percentile 80.8%). After adjustment for a large number of covariates, there was little change in the results with a mean probability of 51.1% (2.5th percentile 24.7%, 97.5th percentile 77.2%). The variations persisted when the thresholds for protective ventilation were changed.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was significant variability across individual anesthesia providers in the use of intraoperative protective mechanical ventilation. Our data suggest that this variability is highly driven by individual preference, rather than patient, procedure, or provider-related characteristics.
Dexmedetomidine-Associated Hyperthermia: A Series of 9 Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Krüger Bernard D. , Kurmann Judith , Corti Natascia , Spahn Donat R. , Bettex Dominique , Rudiger Alain
Published: August 2017

Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist, can be used to perform mild to moderate sedation in critically ill patients. In this case series, 9 cardiovascular intensive care unit patients with hyperthermia during dexmedetomidine administration, suggestive of drug fever, are presented. Hyperthermia (>38.5°C) occurred 6 (4–10) hours (median [interquartile range]) after dexmedetomidine initiation at a dose of 1.0 (0.8–1.3) μg/kg/h and was resolved 3 (1–8) hours after discontinuation of dexmedetomidine. All patients were screened for infectious and noninfectious causes of hyperthermia, and the findings were analyzed by 2 adverse drug reaction (ADR) assessment methods—the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) Causality Assessment and the Naranjo ADR scale. This resulted in a “probable” ADR in all 9 patients (WHO) and a “probable” and “possible” ADR in 1 and 8 patients (Naranjo), respectively. This case series supports published case reports, suggesting that dexmedetomidine administration may be associated with the occurrence of clinically relevant hyperthermia. The underlying mechanisms and risk factors are uncertain and require further research.
KRAB zinc finger proteins
Authors: Ecco Gabriela , Imbeault Michael , Trono Didier
Published: August 2017

Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are the largest family of transcriptional regulators in higher vertebrates. Characterized by an N-terminal KRAB domain and a C-terminal array of DNA-binding zinc fingers, they participate, together with their co-factor KAP1 (also known as TRIM28), in repression of sequences derived from transposable elements (TEs). Until recently, KRAB-ZFP/KAP1-mediated repression of TEs was thought to lead to irreversible silencing, and the evolutionary selection of KRAB-ZFPs was considered to be just the host component of an arms race against TEs. However, recent advances indicate that KRAB-ZFPs and their TE targets also partner up to establish species-specific regulatory networks. Here, we provide an overview of the KRAB-ZFP gene family, highlighting how its evolutionary history is linked to that of TEs, and how KRAB-ZFPs influence multiple aspects of development and physiology.
Genome-wide identification of Grainy head targets in Drosophila reveals regulatory interactions with the POU-domain transcription factor, Vvl
Authors: Yao Liqun , Wang Shenqiu , Orzechowski-Westholm Jakub , Dai Qi , Matsuda Ryo , Hosono Chie , Bray Sarah , Lai Eric C. , Samakovlis Christos
Published: August 2017

Grainy head (Grh) is a conserved transcription factor (TF) controlling epithelial differentiation and regeneration. To elucidate Grh functions, we identified embryonic Grh targets by ChIP-seq and gene expression analysis. We show that Grh controls hundreds of target genes. Repression or activation correlates with the distance of Grh binding sites to the transcription start sites of its targets. Analysis of 54 Grh-responsive enhancers during development and upon wounding suggests cooperation with distinct TFs in different contexts. In the airways, Grh repressed genes encode key TFs involved in branching and cell differentiation. Reduction of the POU-domain TF, Vvl, (ventral veins lacking) largely ameliorates the airway morphogenesis defects of grh mutants. Vvl and Grh proteins additionally interact with each other and regulate a set of common enhancers during epithelial morphogenesis. We conclude that Grh and Vvl participate in a regulatory network controlling epithelial maturation.
Programming and reprogramming the brain: a meeting of minds in neural fate
Authors: Götz Magdalena , Jarriault Sophie
Published: August 2017

In early April 2017, over 130 delegates met in Munich, Germany, to discuss the latest research in the development and reprogramming of cells of the nervous system. The conference, which was organised by Abcam and entitled ‘Programming and Reprogramming the Brain’, was a great success, and provided an excellent snapshot of the current state of the field, and what the challenges are for the future. This Meeting Review provides a summary of the talks presented and the major themes that emerged from the conference.
Morphogen and community effects determine cell fates in response to BMP4 signaling in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Nemashkalo Anastasiia , Ruzo Albert , Heemskerk Idse , Warmflash Aryeh
Published: August 2017

Paracrine signals maintain developmental states and create cell-fate patterns in vivo, and influence differentiation outcomes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro. Systematic investigation of morphogen signaling is hampered by the difficulty of disentangling endogenous signaling from experimentally applied ligands. Here, we grow hESCs in micropatterned colonies of 1-8 cells (“μColonies”) to quantitatively investigate paracrine signaling and the response to external stimuli. We examine BMP4-mediated differentiation in μColonies and standard culture conditions and find that in μColonies, above a threshold concentration, BMP4 gives rise to only a single cell fate, contrary to its role as a morphogen in other developmental systems. Under standard culture conditions, BMP4 acts as morphogen, but this effect requires secondary signals and particular cell densities. We further find that a “community effect” enforces a common fate within μColonies both in the state of pluripotency and when cells are differentiated, and that this effect allows more precise response to external signals. Using live cell imaging to correlate signaling histories with cell fates, we demonstrate that interactions between neighbors result in sustained, homogenous signaling necessary for differentiation.
BREXIT FROM THE LEGAL POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Чернышова И. , Chernyshova I.
Published: August 2017

In June 2016 the referendum on the minimum majority of votes of British citizens supported a British exit from the European Union, from that moment began the formal process of so-called “Brexit” — a unique event in the political life of the EU and the UK. Apart the political aspect, Brexit also is a difficult challenge for legislators, academics and lawyers both in the EU and in the UK. Over the last forty years, the legislative system of the EU and the UK are closely intertwined and now constitute a single legal system. The notice of withdrawal from the EU has caused differences which led to the consideration of the functions and powers of the government in court. This article discusses how participants of the legal process of brexit (legislators, academics and lawyers) approach to solving this problem: background, development process, proposed legislation and the reaction to it from the professional legal community with the view of the political process and the preparations for the negotiations on the exit procedure and further cooperation. In the article, the procedure and consequences of the brexit are considered from the European and British points of view. The key legislative act defining the brexit consequences for the legal system in the UK will be the Bill on the Great Cancellation, which determines the order of separation of the British legal system from Europe. The article also includes a brief review of the brexit effects for individual areas of British law.
SOCIAL CONTROL AND CORRUPTION OFFENCES OF LEGAL ENTITIES
Authors: Федоров Александр , Fedorov Aleksandr
Published: August 2017

The article is based on the theses of the report at the VI Eurasian Anti-Corruption Forum “Social control as a key factor of anti-corruption” (Moscow, April 26—27, 2017) and is devoted to social control as a regulator of public relations, which consists in the development and implementation of social norms, allowing to maintain compliance with the rules of life, providing socially significant public interests.
In addition the allocation of anti-corruption social control is justified, based on the relevant social norms, including moral and religious norms, morality and law. In particular, it is noted that the assessment of the activities of a legal entity as immoral and sinful may be one of the components of the justification for the need to criminalize the acts of legal entities or to establish administrative liability for such acts.
In the opinion of the author, if we consider the immoral and sinful act of a legal entity from the position of the inner world, then the legal entity does not have such a world. However, this should not be an obstacle for assessing the act of a legal entity as immoral or sinful, because such an assessment is given by a society that can condemn a legal entity for actions committed from the moral and religious positions.
On the basis of the analysis it is concluded that not everything that is applicable to a particular person can be applied to a legal entity, but the law and morality are developing in such a way that, perhaps in the long term, the public condemnation of legal entities for committing corrupt offences, recognized by the population as sinful and immoral, will become no less effective measure of impact than the attraction of a legal entity to administrative or criminal liability.
THE RIGHT TO ACCESS TO CULTURAL VALUES: A COMPARATIVE-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN LEGISLATION
Authors: Жуков Дмитрий , Zhukov Dmitriy
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to consideration of the concept of “cultural values”, the ambivalent interpretation in international legal acts and reception into laws of various states. Culture has always been and continues to be the most important line of activity of a state which is closely connected with the state of the spiritual sphere of the society’s life. The cultural rights form an independent section of rights and relate, in historic terms, to the so-called “second generation rights”, along with economic and social rights.
Since the last half of the XX century, introducing of cultural rights into the category of constitutionally vested becomes one of the distinguished features of law making development in many countries of the world.
The article aims to demonstrate development of the concept of “universal heritage of humanity” and its globalization in the modern international law. It has been observed in the article that, despite different attitudes to the concept of “cultural values”, the mentioned category acquires an attribute of “universal significance” for the world culture in general. The author also sets a target to disclose the concept of “rights for access to cultural values” through the example of reviewing laws of former CIS countries and a number of Western European countries. The article draws attention to the fact that regulatory acts of European countries do not contain direct provisions of rights for access to cultural values as a complex of legal institutions; however, a number of laws contain certain elements of this right. In his article the author also considers the provision of interdetermination of the right for access to cultural values with right of dignified life.
The dialectic, systematic, legal comparative, normative and other methods of obtaining knowledge were taken as a methodological basis of this scientific work.
On basis of the reviewed material, the author comes to a conclusion that the international law establishes universal human and civil rights and freedoms in scope of cultural rights and determines their content. Each state should not only provide details in national law but also ensure their practical realization in order to save and rationally use its cultural heritage.
SEX DISCRIMINATION IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY: TITLE VII FLYING HIGH
Authors: Биндер Дэнис , Binder Denis
Published: August 2017

The publication is translation of paper by Denis Binder (professor of law, Chapman University), published in California Law Review in 1971. The article highlights the important legal issues related to gender discrimination in the workplace. The author analyzes the principle of bona fide professional qualification, its content, interpretation in law enforcement practice as the only legitimate exceptions established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964’s the prohibition of sex discrimination. The author analyzes a broad approach to the interpretation of the principle of bona fide occupational qualifications based on any common characteristics in general are related to gender and a narrow approach of assessing individuals based on individual qualities, not on the basis of common characteristics of the sex. The author substantiates the necessity of narrow interpretation of the principle of bona fide occupational qualifications. Also in the article was analyzed the reasoning by the courts the position of the employer when this employer conceders an additional factors such as presence of children or marital status and using of the developed approaches to disputes of the airlines with the stewardesses. In addition to the prohibition of marriage there also was the age limit for stewardesses, when many airlines were automatically dismissed them upon reaching 32—35 years without taking into account individual characteristics of women, while the age of retirement of male stewards was 65 years. According to the author the collective agreements can be very effective in resolving existing problems for stewardess restrictions, which, however, does not eliminate practices of discrimination completely. The author has argued the necessity of the case law development in order to force the airline to refuse sex discrimination at all stages of employment.
ANALYTIC REVIEW OF THE OPINIONS ON MOLDOVA AND HUNGARY ADOPTED AT THE 111th PLENARY SESSION OF THE VENICE COMMISSION
Authors: Черенкова Вероника , Cherenkova Veronika , Лебедева Яна , Lebedeva Yana
Published: August 2017

This article is an analytic review of the most significant opinions adopted within the framework of the 111th Plenary Session of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), which was held in Venice on 16—17 June 2017. The authors clarify the conclusions of the Venice Commission regarding the Proposal by the President of the Republic of Moldova to supplement the Constitution in order to enlarge powers of the President to dissolve Parliament, which may lead to a gradual change in the form of government from the parliamentary one to the mixed or presidential one. In particular, it was noted that the first form of government is traditionally considered preferable, but the Venice Commission believes that any form of government can meet democratic standards, if the law provides an effective system of checks and balances.
The article also considers recommendations made by the Commission on the Draft law relating to the electoral system for the election of the Parliament. The authors highlighted similar legislative provisions in countries which are on transition stage after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Further the conclusions of the Commission on the Draft Law on the Transparency of Organisations Receiving Foreign Funds were analyzed. It is noted, that recommendations made by the experts of the Venice Commission are relevant not only within the legal systems of these countries, but also are important for understanding the legal changes taking place in our country.
Career Guidanceas a Factor of Development of Vocational Education on the Example of Educational Institutions
Authors: Романченко  , Romanchenko M.
Published: August 2017

The article discusses the possibility of eff ective application of professional orientation of students for a specifi c profession. The article considers the results of monitoring of professional diagnostics of students held by teaching staff among schoolchildren who are thinking about choosing a career, among college students who committed such choice, and students who attend short-term professional courses. The complexity of this choice is explained, which is connected with lack of life experience, skills and abilities of radical approach to decision making, which puts young people in a diffi cult situation. The author analyses the activities of educational institutions aimed at assisting young people to do the critical step that determines the main direction of the path of their life. The signifi cance of the work consists in the possibility of generalization of experience of the teaching staff which can be used by other educational institutions.
ESTUDIO DE INDICADORES DE CREATIVIDAD MATEMÁTICA EN LA RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS
Authors: Mallart Alberto , Deulofeu Jordi
Published: August 2017

La enseñanza de las matemáticas siempre se ha preocupado por la resolución de problemas. En la presente investigación se pretende determinar el grado de creatividad en la resolución de un problema de matemáticas. El instrumento elegido ha sido la  Prueba de Matemáticas de Acceso a la Universidad de junio de 2012 en la Universidad de Barcelona constituida por 6 problemas. A  partir de una muestra de 104 estudiantes se han analizado 7 indicadores por cada resolución. Los resultados indican más  creatividad en el diseño de estrategias que en la ejecución o revisión, una detección correcta de las partes de una resolución, pero  una pobre capacidad de transmisión, organización y síntesis de las resoluciones. La competencia matemática evalúa la resolución  de problemas, y dado que en toda resolución participan aspectos creativos, conviene mejorar la creatividad matemática.
Legitimacy and the Benefits of Firm Formalization
Authors: Assenova Valentina A. , Sorenson Olav
Published: August 2017

Entrepreneurs in many emerging economies start their firms informally, without registering with the state. We examine how informality at the time of founding affected the performance of 12,146 firms in 18 countries across sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs who registered their firms at founding enjoyed greater success in terms of sales and employment. But these benefits varied widely across countries. Consistent with the idea that legitimation processes account for these benefits, countries in which people trust their government more had larger advantages associated with being formal.
Patient Motivation
Authors: Barker Teresa
Published: August 2017

This paper addresses the important issue of patient motivation. Research indicates that non-compliance is a major problem for healthcare professionals, with between a third and a half of all patients failing to comply with recommended healthcare instructions. The paper outlines some of the misconceptions associated with motivation and discusses six factors, together with some brief additional factors, which it is hoped will contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject and the improved dental health of patients.
Orthodontics in the Adult Patient, with Special Reference to the Periodontally Compromised Patient
Authors: Johal Amandeep , Ide Mark
Published: August 2017

There is increasing demand from adult patients for orthodontic treatment, either purely for aesthetics, to improve aesthetics or function following previous disease, or to facilitate the stabilization, restoration or replacement of teeth. Orthodontics may have a major role in the rehabilitation of patients suffering the effects of advanced periodontal disease, but there are a number of important factors to be considered in the management of such patients if the optimal outcome is to be obtained. This paper summarizes important aspects of treatment and the potential complications and how to avoid them.
Diagnosis and Management of Trauma to Primary Dentition
Authors: Tahmassebi Jinous F. , O'Sullivan Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2017

This article seeks to aid the busy dentist by providing a basic guide to treating fractured and traumatized primary teeth and soft tissues. Simple guidelines for a step-by-step approach to the efficient care of traumatized primary teeth are given.
Minocycline-induced Staining of the Adult Permanent Dentition: A Review of the Literature and Report of a Case
Authors: McKenna Brenda , Lamey Philip-John , Kennedy John G. , Bateson John
Published: August 2017

Tetracycline staining of teeth during tooth development is well documented. We report here the rarer condition of tetracycline staining of adult teeth. This occurrence appears to involve enamel surface demineralization/remineralization and can produce staining clinically indistinguishable from that occurring during tooth development.
Median Mental Sinus in Twins
Authors: Ong Siew Tin , Ngeow Wei Cheong
Published: August 2017

Sinus on the chin can be the result of a chronic apical abscess due to pulp necrosis of a mandibular anterior tooth. The tooth is usually asymptomatic, and a dental cause is therefore not apparent to the patient or the unsuspecting clinician. Not infrequently, the patient may seek treatment from a dermatologist or general surgeon instead of a dentist. Excision and repair of the fistula may be carried out with subsequent breakdown because the dental pathology is not removed. This paper reports the presence of median mental sinus of dental origin in twins. One case healed following root canal therapy while the other required both root canal therapy and surgery to eliminate the infection.
The Microbiology of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Jenkinson Howard F. , Dymock David
Published: August 2017

Periodontal diseases result from mixed bacterial infections, in which both host resistance barriers and bacterial interactions are important. Approximately ten bacterial species are strongly implicated with various forms of periodontal disease, although species that cannot yet be cultivated are likely also to be relevant. New technologies have shown that pathogenic bacterial species are present in defined complexes within subgingival plaque, thus identifying specific targets for therapeutic intervention. In light of increasing antibiotic resistance amongst oral bacteria, new strategies for control of periodontal bacterial complexes must be developed that inhibit the bacterial factors necessary for colonization and destruction of host tissues.
Orthodontic Auxiliaries: The Way Forward?
Authors: Atack N.E. , Clark J.R. , Keith O. , Stephens C.D. , Sandy J.R.
Published: August 2017

Currently two-thirds of European countries employ orthodontic auxiliaries1 and the UK is therefore unusual in not permitting their use. There is support from the orthodontic specialty for the concept of delegating routine intra-oral tasks to auxiliary personnel. The following describes a pilot project undertaken to determine the possible training structure for orthodontic auxiliaries. The modular course, which took place over a period of 4 weeks, is described and the results and implications are discussed.
Book Review
Authors: Bucknell Paul
Published: August 2017

The Internet Guide for Dentists. By Paul Downes. BDJ Books, Basingstoke, 1999 (£18.95). ISBN 0 904588 60 2.
Toothbrush Handle Adaptation using Silicone Impression Putty
Authors: Dickinson Chris , Millwood Joanna
Published: August 2017

Some patients suffer from conditions that make holding toothbrushes difficult, if not impossible. This article describes a quick, simple and flexible method of adapting toothbrush handles to allow patients the best possible chance of performing adequate oral care.
Animal Experimentation To Satisfy Animal Rights Activists!
Authors: Carrotte Peter
Published: August 2017

Class 1 Occlusal Composite Resin Restorations: In vivo Post-operative Sensitivity, Wall Adaptation, and Microleakage. N Opdam, A Feilzer, J Roeters, & I Smale. American Journal of Dentistry 1998; 11: 229-233.
Oral Health Care in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bell G.W. , Large D.M. , Barclay S.C.
Published: August 2017

Diabetes mellitus produces many complex changes in the lives of those affected. Elevated blood glucose levels, which may occur in the absence of symptoms, lead to late complications from tissue damage. There is an increased susceptibility to infection, poor wound healing and periodontal disease. Furthermore, chronic oral infection itself may contribute to raised blood glucose levels and hence to the later complications of diabetes. Acute infection in the oral cavity needs specific and aggressive management, just as in the acutely infected diabetic foot. The dental team may not have made a significant contribution to the shared management of the person with diabetes in the past; however, recent findings suggests that the dental team may contribute greatly to the shared care of diabetes with the diabetic team itself, and regular liaison is strongly recommended.