bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENDER PECULIARITIES OF SENSOMOTOR REACTIONS IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS
Authors: Deryagina L E , Polozova T U , Kostina L N , Usacheva I V
Published: March 2019

Aim: identification of gender differences in the parameters of psychomotor reactions among cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs university. Summary: two methods were used for psychomotor sphere evaluation. The "Search" method combines a number of tests to estimate the speed of visual recognition of a moving object among a set of stationary objects similar to it. The "Coordination" method is used to evaluate the psychomotor factor of limb movements coordination and bilateral asymmetry of motor functions. The essence of the tests is the consecutive performance of the given reactions (pressing the right and left buttons, the foot pedal), each of which is linked to a certain signal (red, yellow, green). Results: An analysis of the results obtained showed a low efficiency of the visual detection of a moving object in the group as a whole. In general, the effectiveness of movement's coordination among boys corresponded to a high level. Differentiated analysis of level formation of professionally important qualities (PIQ) showed statistically significant gender differences in the efficacy parameter in the group with a medium level PIQ (р = 0,031), on the value of latency (р = 0,014) and stability (р = 0,044) in the group with a level lower than the medium. Assessment of psychomotor parameters of movement's coordination revealed a statistically significant difference in the overall effectiveness of the assignment (р = 0,004). Correlation analysis between the levels of development of PIQ and the parameters of visual-motor reactions have demonstrated the direct dependence of the level of coordination from the male sex of the subject (r = 0,50, р = 0,050), the efficiency of detecting a moving object and reverse dependent on the efficiency of foot reactions. Conclusions: А more effective implementation of sensorimotor reactions (SMR) complex than the simple SMR may point to the complexity and novelty of the presented test modality in a simple SMR, which requires a longer perceptual process time. The obtained gender differences may be associated with a higher levels of activation of the CNS in young men, differences in the emotional sphere of boys and girls by level of anxiety.
THE ROLE OF A MESADENITIS IN FORMATION OF THE INTUSSUSCEPTION IN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Yanitskaya M Yu , Valkov M Yu , Poddubnyi I V
Published: March 2019

The intussusception (IS) often is followed mesadenitis, however a question, whether it is the reason or a consequence of formation of the intussusception, remains disputable. Aim: To estimate a role of the mesadenitis in formation of the intussusception in children. Methods: Retrospective study of results of treatment of all treated children with intussusception (n = 270) in the Arkhangelsk regional children's hospital in 1981-2012 is executed. Estimated the frequency of the background infectious and inflammatory diseases capable to be the cause for the mesadenitis. Studied the frequency of identification and the sizes of lymph nodes (LN) in structure of the intussusception according to ultrasonography and hydrocolonic sonography (HS) depending on duration of symptoms of IS. Results: It was verified that symptoms of diseases which are followed mesadenitis initially met in 66 % of patients. Thus according to ultrasonography in structure of intussusceptum LN in 82 % of patients were defined. It wasn't revealed statistically significant interrelation between time from the moment of the beginning of an IS, length of the LN (x2(2) = 0,11; р = 0,948) and cross size (x2(2) = 0,05; р = 0,975). The largest LN was localized in the head of the intussusceptum. Reduction by method of HS allowed to visualize LN in structure of the intussusceptum, its efficiency made 95,6-100 %. Conclusion: Mesadenitis is the most frequent reason of the intussusception in small children. The understanding of the role of mesadenitis in formation of the IS promotes more effective conservative treatment.
ANGLOSAKSON VE KITA AVRUPASI HUKUK SİSTEMLERİNDE İDARENİN YARGISAL DENETİMİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE GELİŞİMİ
Authors: DÜĞER Sırrı
Published: March 2019

İdarenin yargısal denetimi, genel bir kabul görmekle birlikte bu denetimin hangi mahkemeler tarafından yapılacağı konusunda farklı sistemler bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal şartları, bu denetim açısından değişik sistemlerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Fransa’da adliye mahkemelerinin idari işlem ve faaliyetleri denetlemelerinin yasaklanması ile idare mahkemelerinin kurulması mümkün olmuştur. İngiltere’de ise adliye mahkemeleri tarafından yapılan denetimin yetersiz kalması ile yarı yargısal kuruluşlar ve son dönemde idare mahkemesi kurulmuştur. Ülkemizde Osmanlı Devleti döneminde Fransa’daki Conseil d’Etat örnek alınarak Şûra-yı Devlet kurulmuş ancak bugünkü anlamda bir idari yargı sistemi oluşturulamamıştır. Hukuk sistemleri arasında idarenin yargısal denetiminin ortaya çıkış sürecindeki bu farklılıklar sadece denetimi yapan makamlar açısından değil, bu denetimin kapsamı ve sınırları konusunda da önemli farkların oluşmasına neden olmuştur.
The soils elemental composition of vertical zonality of the Western Tien Shan
Authors: Raupova N. , Abdullaev S.
Published: March 2019

The elemental composition allows to obtain information about the principles of humic acids structure, some of their properties, as well as to identify chemical changes and processes occurring in the process of humification. Studies of the elemental composition of humic acids of the main types and subtypes of soils of the vertical zoning of the Western Tien Shan show that the carbon content in them increases from grey soils to mountain brown soils. the low carbon content in the series is accompanied by a narrow C:N ratio, which indicates a smaller condensation of the aromatic carbon grid and the severity of the side chains. The atomic ratio of C:N in humic acids of soils of the Western Tien Shan is 11–25. The narrowest ratio of C:N is observed in sierozems, and the transition from them to brown this ratio expands.
Bioenergetics of saline soils
Authors: Samedov P.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the results of the researches on bioenergetics of the saline grey–brown and sierozem–meadow soils in the Siyazan–Sumgait massive and Salyan steppe. The energetical indications of the invertebrates and microorganisms in saline biotopes and cultivated cenoses are comparative indications of invertebrates and microbiota in biotope with the various degree of salinity quantitatively differ among themselves.
Use of chemical preparations made from biochemical plant waste in the production of cocoons
Authors: Sulaimonov Sh.
Published: March 2019

A waste-free technology method based on the use of waste from a biochemical plant in the process of making silk is proposed. The technology is based on research conducted over several years. As a result of the research, it was established that the yield of silk raw material from the modified SAS and the cocoons stored for a long time increased by 2–2.3% relative to the control. In conclusion, it is concluded about the prospects for further study of this process and implementation in production.
EFL Learners’ Listening Strategy Awareness viewed from Their Learning Styles in the Extensive Listening Class
Authors: Mulyadi Dodi
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Albeit listening comprehension as the vital role of language input, most EFL students have a somewhat negligent concern of it in the process of mastering EFL. Accordingly, the listening educators need to confirm students’ listening strategy awareness related to their learning styles for enhancing the quality of teaching listening. To this end, the study aims at assaying EFL students’ listening strategy awareness between visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners who got an explicit strategy instruction of Extensive listening class and those who did not get the explicit strategy instruction.   The participants of the study were 38 sophomore EFL students of English departments at Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. Listening strategy awareness questionnaire, learning style questionnaire, and interview were utilized as the data collection instruments. The results elucidated that explicit listening strategy instructions have raised students’ direct attention strategies. Strategies of interpreting the meaning in their head and translating keywords that they have listened potentially impact on students’ mental translation strategy awareness. Indeed, visual learners in the control group have a higher strategy awareness dealing with person knowledge than in an experimental group. Then, auditory learners have similar scores for both groups — meanwhile, a bit higher score of person knowledge possessed by the kinesthetic learners in the experimental group. However, the statistical findings elucidate that there are no significant differences between the experimental and control group. Interview results confim that explicit strategy instruction of extensive listening class enables learners to create a good atmosphere in listening class, and their competence of listening instruction.
Pemerian Alam Sebagai Simbol Femininitas dalam Novel Hana wo Hakobu Imouto
Authors: Rahwati Wawat
Published: March 2019

This paper discusses about interconnecting nature an women in one of Japanese literary work named Hana wo Hakobu Imouto by Natsuki Ikezawa. He has written numerous novels and through his works such as Hana wo Hakobu Imouto, he depicts upon the relationship between nature and women. through this novel i assume nature can be seen as a representation about femininity and has interconnection with women. According to my assumption, i analyze this novel by employing the culture eco-feminism perspective to aim at showing how nature can be represented as a symbol of femininity through portraying the women characters and the setting of place of the story in this novel. The result is found that the water and iearth as nature elements which have been portrayed dominanly in every setting of places in the story, The water is represended across by river in Paris, rain in Thailand, and sea in Bali show a symbol as a 'mother's womb' called fetus which is very important to protect for someone's life. Meanwhile the earth is representing through rice fields show a symbol of femininity which represent of mother's nurture who protect someone's life.Keyword: cultural eco-feminism, femininity, Hana wo Hakobu Imouto, nature
Latar Belakang Remaja Menggunakan Lem Aibon
Authors: Labetubun Regina , Ides Stefanus Andang , Anggraeni Lina Dewi
Published: March 2019

Remaja merupakan kelompok umur yang paling mudah terpengaruh mengingat masa remaja adalah masa transisi dari masa kanak – kanak menuju masa dewasa sehingga mengakibatkan mereka mudah terjerumus dalam berbagai perilaku negatif salah satunya menghirup lem aibon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui latar belakang remaja menggunakan lem aibon. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang tinggal di Distrik Merauke yang berusia antara 10-17 tahun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan FGD terhadap 10 partisipan yang setiap hari aktif menghirup lem. Teknik analisis menggunakan metode colaizzi. Penelitian menghasilkan 4 tema yakni rasa ingin tahu, faktor ketidakharmonisan dalam keluarga, ketergantungan, dan pengaruh teman sebaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peneliti menyarankanepada pemerintah dan pihak terkait  untuk melakukan pendekatan mulai dari usia dini mengenai dampak dari perilaku menghirup lem melalui lembaga swadaya masyarakat.
The Effectiveness of High Fidelity Simulation Towards Knowledge and Skills in Health Education
Authors: S. Chiyar Edison
Published: March 2019

High Fidelity Simulation (HFS) has been recently deemed an effective approach to resemble the real clinical situation so that the improvement of knowledge and skill of student are much more significant. However, there has been much debate in recent times whether this method is much more effective than conventional simulation. This literature review aimed to present the evidence supporting of the effectiveness of HFS especially in enhancing knowledge and skill of health care student. Search terms including “high fidelity simulation”, “knowledge” and “skill” were processed into CINAHL, PubMed and Bristish Nursing Index. All papers that published after 2005 and primary research were included. There were totally 9 papers included in this review, as a result of back chaining method involved in searching strategy. This review suggests that HFS is able to improve skill and knowledge of student effectively.
Perilaku Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut pada Anak Autisme
Authors: Veriza Ervon , Boy Hendry
Published: March 2019

Salah satu anak berkebutuhan khusus adalah anak-anak autis, merupakan salah satu sumber daya bangsa Indonesia yang kualitasnya harus ditingkatkan agar dapat berperan, tidak hanya sebagai obyek pembangunan tetapi juga sebagai subyek pembangunan. Anak berkebutuhan khusus memerlukan pelayanan yang bersifat khusus, seperti pelayanan medik, pendidikan khusus maupun latihan-latihan tertentu yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi keterbatasan dan ketergantungan akibat kelainan yang diderita, serta menumbuhkan kemandirian hidup dalam bermasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mendalam tentang perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di Sekolah Khusus Harapan Mulia Jambi Selatan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan indepth interview dengan triangulasi sumber yaitu orang tua/pengasuh, guru-guru dan psikolog yang membina di SLB Harapan Mulia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahwa  perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak autis tergantung pada ibu atau pengasuhnya. Berdasarkan faktor pendukung dalam perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi yaitu ketersediaan sarana pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut masih kurang. Sebagian besar informan mencari pelayanan kesehatan gigi/dokter gigi yang sudah dikenal atau dipercaya, tidak ramai, tidak terlalu lama antri/menunggu. Faktor pendorong/penguat perilaku pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak autis di rumah adalah ibunya atau pengasuhnya, sedangkan di sekolah adalah guru pendampingnya.
Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Kelas Kepesertaan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional
Authors: Nur Rasdi Awal , AB Ismail , Setyowati Dina Lusiana
Published: March 2019

Akhir Tahun 2004 pemerintah menetapkan Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, dengan salah satu programnya adalah Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Diharapkan dengan adanya JKN pembiayaan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat dilaksanakan dalam sistem asuransi dan JKN menjadi sistem jaminan yang bersifat wajib. Data dari Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan Kota Tarakan diketahui bahwa desa tertinggi yang terdaftar dalam BPJS Kesehatan adalah Desa Sei Pancang Kecamatan Sebatik Utara sebanyak 1.017 jiwa peserta mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi masyarakat Desa Sei Pancang dalam pemilihan kelas kepesertaan JKN. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga Desa Sei Pancang yang terdaftar sebagai peserta Mandiri BPJS Kesehatan dengan sampel sebanyak 156 responden yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji univariat dan uji bivariat dengan Chi Square. Hasil analisis Chi Square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pendapatan (p value = 0,001) dengan pemilihan kelas kepesertaan JKN dan tidak ada hubungan antara aksesibilitas (p value = 0,131) serta mutu pelayanan (p value = 0,091) dengan pemilihan kelas kepesertaan JKN. Dalam hal ini, diharapkan pihak BPJS Kesehatan melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang manfaat dan fasilitas yang didapatkan dalam setiap kelas kepesertaan JKN dan diharapkan masyarakat untuk memilih kelas kepesertaan JKN sesuai dengan pendapatan yang didapatkan demi terwujud pembiayaan kesehatan secara adil.
Pengaruh Senam Hamil Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil Trimester II dan III di Kelurahan Margaluyu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kasemen
Authors: Marwiyah Nila , Sufi Fitria
Published: March 2019

Kualitas tidur pada ibu hamil sangat penting untuk kesehatan ibu dan janin. Penyebab gangguan pola tidur ibu hamil karena bertambahnya berat janin, sesak nafas, pergerakan janin dan nyeri punggung, untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukannya senam hamil untuk meningkatkan relaksasi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian senam hamil terhadap kualitas tidur ibu hamil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Quasi Ekperiment Design dengan rancangan Pretest dan posttest without control dengan populasi 14 responden yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan instrumen The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) kemudian di analisis dengan mengunakan Uji T dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kualitas tidur ibu hamil sebelum melakukan senam hamil nilai mean 12.43 dan setelah pemberian senam hamil nilai mean 6.43 (p= 0.000), dengan demikian ada pengaruh senam hamil terhadap kualitas tidur ibu hamil trimester II dan III. Dengan demikian di harapkan untuk kedepannya ibu hamil dapat mengikuti program senam hamil dengan teratur.
Hubungan Supervisi Keperawatan dengan Perilaku Caring Perawat dalam Merawat Pasien Kritis
Authors: Rohmatulloh Rohmatulloh , Haryani Ani
Published: March 2019

Perilaku Caring merupakan kunci dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan keperawatan. Caring merefleksikan sebuah kebaikan dan rasa kepedulian. Perilaku Caring perawat dalam merawat pasien kritis menjadi kunci keberhasilan perawatan mengingat kondisi pasien kritis dengan tingkat ketergantungan penuh. Supervisi keperawatan telah diidentifikasi menjadi salah satu faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi perilaku caring. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengetahui Hubungan antara supervisi keperawatan dengan perilaku caring perawat dalam merawat pasien kritis. Penelitian menggunakan  desain analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling dengan jumlah 60 orang yang merupakan perawat pelaksana yang ada diruang IGD, ICU, dan HCU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata Perilaku Caring perawat adalah 87 (SD 10), rerata Supervisi keperawatan adalah 45 (SD 7). Hasil uji korelasi dan regresi linear sederhana menunjukan adanya hubungan antara supervisi keperawatan dengan perilaku caring perawat (p value = 0.000), dengan kekuatan hubungan sedang dan berpola positif (r = 0,502), dan nilai koefisien dengan determinasi sebesar 0,252. Supervisi yang dilakukan dengan baik dapat meningkatkan perilaku caring perawat dalam merawat pasien kritis.
EL PAPEL DEL AMBIENTE EMPRESARIAL EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LA INTENCIÓN EMPRENDEDORA DE LAS MUJERES UNIVERSITARIAS MARROQUÍES
Authors: Borrero Juan D.
Published: March 2019

A pesar de la rápida expansión de la investigación sobre el espíritu empresarial de las mujeres, todavía escasean los estudios que exploren la intersección o simultaneidad entre género y país en desarrollo. El ambiente empresarial es fundamental para el emprendimiento estudiantil. Investigaciones anteriores han intentado comprender el papel del entorno empresarial en la formación de la intención emprendedora de las estudiantes (WEI), aunque de manera aislada. Este estudio combina un marco multinivel, planteando hipótesis con dos dimensiones del entorno macrosocial, el apoyo universitario percibido y el apoyo institucional percibido. Además, se incluyen en el modelo la red social percibida y las normas subjetivas como constructos relevantes del entorno microsocial que pueden afectar a la intención emprender.
Leading sectors and structural dynamics: an input-output analysis contrasting the BRICs growth paths
Authors: Magacho Guilherme Riccioppo , Marconi Nelson , Rocha Igor
Published: March 2019

Although all the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) experienced a period of significant growth during the 2000s, their growth paths were far from homogenous. The growth path followed by Brazil and Russia was based on the production and export of primary goods, while in China and India the pattern of industrial development remained grounded in manufacturing exports and services, respectively. These distinct trajectories resulted in a vast range of interpretations about sectors that act as the relevant engines of growth. On the one hand, some economists supported the idea that expansion based on the production and export of commodities or services had no negative effect once these countries were exploiting their comparative advantages. Alternatively, the main argument of those who did not support economic growth based on primary product exports was that development is essentially a process of structural change, and sustained economic growth is associated with the capacity to diversify the structure of domestic production.

With the aim of analyzing the different growth paths of the BRIC countries in recent decades and their long-term consequences, this study assessed the potential of each sector to promote economic growth. Input-output tables were used to calculate each sector’s output multipliers, Rasmussen-Hirschman backward and forward linkage indexes, and pure normalized backward and forward linkage indexes with the aim of assessing which sectoral orientation has a higher potential to stimulate the economy as a whole. The results show that manufacturing is the sector where the multipliers are the highest, while they are the lowest in agriculture and mineral commodities. The findings corroborate the hypothesis that having a dynamic manufacturing sector is essential to promote economic growth. Moreover, the results show that forward linkages are larger than backward linkages for services and that modern services present slightly larger forward linkages than those observed for traditional services. In that way, the hypothesis that the output of services depends on production in other sectors, and hence that a service-oriented strategy is linked to manufacturing production and exports, is reinforced. 
The GIIPS crisis in the context of the European Monetary Union: a political economy approach
Authors: Blikstad Nicholas Magnus Deleuse , Oliveira Giuliano Contento de
Published: March 2019

The GIIPS crisis (Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain) has been deep and resistant. To date there have not been clear signs of consistent recovery from these economies, with the only exception being Ireland, that has experimented with a longer lasting economic recovery process in recent times. The aim of this paper is to discuss the GIIPS crisis in light of the European integration project. It is argued that this crisis has resulted from two simultaneous processes: on the one hand, it has resulted from the growing internal imbalances that occurred over the economic expansion period; on the other hand, it has resulted from the rigidities imposed by the institutional arrangement of the European Monetary Union. It has been concluded that the consistent economic recovery of these economies requires an aggregate demand stimulus for them, a condition that in turn requires the implementation of countercyclical economic policies.
Um modelo de firma pós-keynesiana
Authors: Aidar Gabriela Lima , Terra Fábio Henrique Bittes
Published: March 2019

This paper aims at theoretically modelling the Post Keynesian firm. What we notice in the Post Keynesian literature is that there are several elements concerning the firm theory, however they are sparse; thereby, there is not a consolidated and summarized form of firm, in which all these relevant elements are combined to synthesize the Post Keynesian firm. But, if the Post Keynesian theory has not got a portrait of the its firm, what could mirror its constitution? To do so, this paper recalls to a firm that is already consolidated in the economic theory and that is not divergent to the Post Keynesians, the one furnished by the Resource Based View. Departing from an already available firm theory, the Resource Based View approach of the firm guides what must be looked at in order to design the synthesis of the Post Keynesian firm.  
PAULA REGO, A SOLIDÃO E O ABORTO
Authors: Evangelista Marcela Boni
Published: March 2019

Este artigo propõe uma discussão sobre o aborto e suas diversas dimensões nos corpos, nas políticas e na sociedade, por meio da articulação de trabalhos da artista portuguesa Paula Rego e também com a história oral como suporte teórico e metodológico. Este trabalho é fruto de estudos e reflexões da pesquisa de doutorado “Dilemas da (sobre)vida: o aborto”, realizada no âmbito do Programa de Pós-graduação em História Social da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da USP. O trabalho envolveu a coleta e tratamento de 16 narrativas de história de vida com mulheres e homens com experiências relacionadas ao aborto.
Differential Profile of OSA in Obese Kashmiri Patients of Northern India
Authors: Malik Javid Ahmad , Shoib Sheikh , Naikoo Bashir Ahmad , Lone Shabir Ahmad , Mir Ramees Mohi Ud Din , Rather Majid Khalil
Published: March 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity are two interacting global epidemics both with high prevalence and morbidity. Both epidemiologic and clinical studies suggest that majority of patients with obesity also have OSA and untreated OSA in these patients results in significant cardiovascular and metabolic complications.Objectives: To evaluate the profile of OSAin obese patients of Kashmir.Methods: We performed polysomnography studies in obese patients that were referred from various sub-specialty clinics from July 2011 to August 2013.Results: Out of 182 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG), 11O (60.4%) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). In 110 obese patients, 104 (94.5%) had OSA. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were more prevalent among obese (p<0.05). The mean neck circumference and mean BMI of obese patients was significantly more than that of non-obese (33.9 kg/m2 vs. 26.8 kg/m2) (p <0.000). Presenting symptoms of obese were snoring (97.3%), daytime sleepiness (87.3%) with a mean ESS of 15.3, disturbed nocturnal sleep (70.0%), nocturia (62.7%) and witnessed apneas (45.5%). OSA was significantly (p=0.002) more common among obese compared to non-obese (93% vs 76%). Most were clinically suspected to have OSAby internists (29%), cardiologists (20%), endocrinologists (15%) and psychiatrists (13%). Sleep efficiency was significantly less (p< 0.03) in obese patients but sleep latency and REM sleep latency did not significantly differ between obese and non-obese. Unlike awake oxygen saturation the average nocturnal oxygen saturation of obese patients was significantly less [p=0.001] than that of nonobese patients (84.7% vs. 88.1%). The mean AHI of obese patients was significantly more than non-obese i.e 24.3 vs. 18.0 (p = 0.001) and so was the mean ODI i.e 24.6 vs. 17.2 (p = 0.001). Variables that significantly correlated with presence of OSA include age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (p< 0.05), however on logistic regression only BMI, hypertension, and nocturia correlated with OSA. CPAPtherapy improved snoring, nocturia, nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness more in obese than non-obese OSApatients.Conclusions: OSA which is highly prevalent among obese Kashmiri patients, is largely unrecognized in the primary care setting. It is associated with significant comorbidities and most of these improve with CPAPtherapy. JMS 2016; 19(2):65-74.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism In A Postpartum Case of Caesarean Section A Case Report
Authors: Wani Javid Ahmad , Ahmed Irfan , Mufti Showkat Ali
Published: March 2019

Introduction : The overall incidence of acute pulmonary embolism is 0.004% per year1; among post-partum women, the incidence of venous thromboembolism is approximately 3 to 7 every 10,000 deliveries, which is 15 to 35 times that of females of the same age who are not pregnant2. Venous thromboembolism contributes to 20% of pregnancy-related mortalities. The highest risk is in the puerperium3. Thrombolysis is standard of care in pulmonary thromboembolism with shock and right ventricular hypokinesia4-7, however, immediate postoperative state compels conventional treatment. Patients do well with anticoagulation and proper supportive treatment as illustrated in this case.Case report : We report a case of a 34-year old female who developed sudden onset breathlessness while walking on the 2nd post-operative day of an uneventful caesarean section. She was dyspneic, cyanosed and in hypotension. CXR was normal, ECG showed S1Q3T3 pattern, and d-dimer was raised. CTPArevealed features of pulmonary embolism. Thrombolysis was contemplated but was abandoned in view of recent surgery. She received anticoagulation with Heparin (and later warfarin) and supportive care including intravenous fluids, oxygen and Dopamine and Doubutamine. She improved and was discharged after 10 days on warfarin anticoagulation.Conclusion: Breathlessness in a patient in the post-operative period or pregnancy should lead to the possibility of pulmonary thromboembolism. PTE with hypotension or RV hypokinesia has a high mortality, merits thrombolysis plus anticoagulation. But patients with contraindication to thrombolysis should receive anticoagulation and standard supportive care. JMS 2016; 19(2):90-94.
Actividad antifúngica in vitro de mezcla de terpenos de naranja contra Alternaria tenuissima
Authors: Quintana Obregón Eber Addí , Sánchez Mariñez Reyna Isabel , Cortez Rocha Mario Onofre , González Aguilar Gustavo Alfonso
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: El género Alternaria en cártamo es de ocurrencia natural y plaguicidas sintéticos son utilizados para su control. En sustitución de estos compuestos el uso de alternativas de origen natural como los aceites esenciales, entre ellos los terpenos, puede ser viable para el control de estos hongos.Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad antifúngica de una mezcla comercial de terpenos de naranja sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Alternaria tenuissima aislada de cártamo.Métodos: La composición de volátiles de una mezcla de terpenos fue determinada por cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas. Posteriormente se calculó la concentración mínima inhibitoria y la concentración inhibitoria media a partir del crecimiento radial de A. tenuissima y se evaluó su efecto sobre la germinación de esporas y parámetros morfométricos.Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontró una incidencia de 13.31±2.19 % de A. tenuissima en semilla de cártamo. Asimismo, se detectó 96 % de dextro-limoneno en la mezcla de terpenos. En germinación de esporas a 538 ppm (concentración inhibitoria media) de terpenos, se observó inhibición sobre crecimiento del hongo. La mezcla de terpenos de naranja puede ser una alternativa para el control del A. tenuissima.
Hongos micorrízicos arbusculares asociados a la rizosfera de Agave cupreata en regiones mezcaleras del estado de Michoacán, México
Authors: Trinidad Cruz Jesús Rafael , Quiñones Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda , Hernández Cuevas Laura Verónica , López Pérez Luis , Rincón Enríquez Gabriel
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) forman asociaciones simbióticas con la mayoría de las especies vegetales, por lo cual es importante conocer la riqueza, diversidad y funcionalidad de estas especies de HMA.Objetivo: Determinar la composición y abundancia de esporas de HMA asociados a la rizosfera de Agave cupreata en la época seca y de lluvia en regiones mezcaleras de Michoacán. Métodos: En dos épocas se muestreó suelo rizosférico de A. cupreata en ocho sitios; parte de los suelos de cada sitio se usó para la propagación de HMA. Las esporas de los HMA se identificaron taxonómicamente con base en su morfología, por sitio, época de muestreo y maceta de propagación.Resultados y conclusiones: Se encontraron 39 morfo-tipos de HMA. Las familias Glomeraceae y Acaulosporaceae registraron la mayor abundancia de morfo-tipos, 37 y 34%, respectivamente. Acaulospora scrobiculata, A. spinosa y Glomus deserticola se encontraron en todos los sitios de muestreo; Rhizophagus intraradices sólo se detectó en las macetas de propagación. El 29% de los morfo-tipos sólo se encontró en la época seca, el 16% en la época de lluvia y el 55% en ambas épocas de muestreo; en las macetas se propagaron sólo el38% de los morfo-tipos.
Tricholoma matsutake: un hongo comestible micorrícico de gran importancia socio-económica en China
Authors: Wang Yun , Yu Fuqiang , Zhang Chunxiang , Li Shuhong
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Casi todas las especies mundialmente famosas de hongos micorrícicos comestibles (HMC), o especies estrechamente relacionadas, crecen naturalmente en China. Sin embargo, China tiene algunos hongos comestibles con distribución rara en relación al resto del mundo y con gran importancia económica.Objetivo: Revisar el estado del arte en China de uno de los HMC con mayor importancia a nivel mundial: Tricholoma matsutake.Resultados y conclusión: El matsutake es un complejo de especies que se distribuyen en todo el mundo y que tradicionalmente han sido muy demandadas en Japón. El crecimiento de los basidiomas de matsutake inicia a partir de una mezcla de suelo con micelio y ectomicorrizas llamado ""shiro"". El desarrollo del shiro está estrechamente relacionado con la edad de las plantas hospedantes. En Pinus densiflora generalmente comienza cuando los árboles tienen entre 10 y 20 años de edad. Los basidiomas comienzan a producirse de tres a cuatro años después de la formación del shiro. La recolección y comercialización de esta especie representa una importante fuente de sustento para los agricultores locales chinos, especialmente en las regiones montañosas donde el ingreso neto es relativamente bajo. Actualmente, existen diferentes iniciativas proteger y cultivar el matsutake.
Aislamiento in vitro e identificación de Leucoagaricus gongylophorus de un jardín de hongos de Atta mexicana (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)
Authors: Espinoza César , Zavala Izquierdo Inés , Couttolenc Alan , Landa Cadena Gandhi , Valenzuela Jorge , Trigos Ángel
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: Las especies de hormigas cortadoras de hojas (Atta y Acromirmex) presentan una relación mutualista con el hongo basidiomycete Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. Esta relación es crucial para los ciclos de vida tanto de las hormigas como para el hongo.Objetivos: Debido a que no existen reportes sobre el aislamiento in vitro del hongo cultivado por la hormiga Atta mexicana, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el aislamiento in vitro e identificación de L. gongylophorus a partir del jardín de hongo de la hormiga A. mexicana.Métodos: La identificación del hongo cultivado por la hormiga se llevó a cabo mediante la observación de las características macro y microscópicas, así como un análisis molecular y filogenético usando la región ITS del ADNr.Resultados y conclusión: El ADN aislado presentó un 99% de identidad con lo reportado para L. gongylophorus y es comparable con otros aislamientos fúngicos de los nidos de otras especies de la tribu Attini como Atta y Acromyrmex. Debido a ello, este trabajo es el primer reporte del aislamiento in vitro e identificación de L. gongylophorus a partir de nidos de A. mexicana.
Foliculitis por Malassezia spp.: características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes del Centro Dermatológico de Yucatán
Authors: Barrón Hernández Yevher Lorena , Atoche Diéguez Carlos , Eljure López Nixma , Vega Memije María Elisa
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: La foliculitis por Malassezia spp. (fm) es una infección del folículo piloso causada principalmente por M. furfur. Afecta a adolescentes y adultos y se caracteriza por la presencia de pápulas y pústulas foliculares pruriginosas localizadas en el tronco.Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes con fm diagnosticados por examen directo (emd) en el Centro Dermatológico de Yucatán (cdy).Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los registros de los Emds realizados en el Laboratorio de Micología del cdy durante enero 2009 - diciembre 2015.Resultados y conclusiones: Se documentaron 56 casos, el 78.6% fueron hombres. La edad promedio fue de 21.4 años. La topografía más frecuente fue el tronco (94.6%), seguido de cara (16.1%), cuello (12.5%), extremidades superiores (10.7%) e inferiores (3.6%). Durante el 2015 se documentaron 22 casos (39.3%) de los cuales el 86.3% se presentaron en junio-septiembre. Seis casos (27.7%) utilizaron previamente esteroides tópicos y 3 casos (13.6%) antibióticos sistémicos. Todos los casos fueron diagnosticados mediante EMD con azul de metileno, el cual es una técnica rápida y no invasiva que permite iniciar un tratamiento temprano.
Incidencia, severidad y distribución espacial de Uromyces transversalis en una nueva región del Estado de México
Authors: Quiñones Valdez Rosalba , Sánchez Pale Jesús Ricardo , Castañeda Vildozola Álvaro , Franco Mora Omar , Ruíz Orta Alfredo
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes: En la región norte del Estado de México se ha reportado la enfermedad cuarentenaria llamada “roya transversal” del gladiolo, que afecta la calidad de su flor y cormo. El conocimiento de su comportamiento espacial es necesario para un manejo integrado. Objetivo: Modelar la distribución espacial de la roya transversal en plantaciones de gladiolo en los municipios de Ixtlahuaca y Jocotitlán del Estado de México, durante los ciclos primavera-verano y verano-otoño de 2013 y 2014. Metodología: Se determinó la incidencia y severidad en plantas de 121 puntos de muestreo georeferenciados por parcela para determinar su distribución espacial con técnicas geoestadistícas mediante el programa R. Resultados y conclusiones: La enfermedad estuvo ausente durante los dos ciclos de 2013, y el ciclo primavera-verano de 2014. Los síntomas y signos de la enfermedad se detectaron durante la etapa de espata del ciclo verano-otoño de 2014, con incidencias finales de 61.1 % en Ixtlahuaca y 75.8 % en Jocotitlán, se observaron pústulas en posición transversal respecto a las nervaduras de la hoja, además de uredosporas. La roya presentó una distribución espacial de tipo agregada durante las etapas fenológicas de espata y floración. El modelo que describió la dependencia espacial fue el de tipo lineal y pentaesférico.
NARRATING THE KENYAN NATION IN DIFFERENT COLOURS
Authors: Muchiri Jennifer
Published: March 2019

At a time like now when the Kenyan nation is undergoing social, economic, political, cultural, and other forms of turmoil, the society needs stories that would help it rethink its identity(ies). The society needs narratives of renewal and hope, but which at the same time seek to restore its humanity. This paper explores the place of literature and literary writers in the discourse on the identity question through a close reading of the novel Diﬀerent Colours by Ng’ang’a Mbugua. The paper argues that Diﬀerent Colours is a modern allegory on and of Kenya and the Kenyan society. The image(s) evoked and provoked by the “diﬀerent colours” of the title, the artists’ world in the text and the multiplicity of hues and shades that form the painting at the centre of the narrative recall the attempt to imagine contemporary Kenya. Producing a painting is no diﬀerent from imagining and constructing a nation out of the diﬀerent hues of races, tribes, religions, and cultures that is a country like Kenya. This paper, therefore, pursues the argument that Diﬀerent Colours is a modern tale that creatively plays with the possibilities of imagining and moralising about Kenya as a nation formed out of the diversity of identities that are found within her.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE AND PEACE AMONG CHILDREN IN KENYA
Authors: Ngugi Pamela M. Y.
Published: March 2019

The concept of engaging children all over the world in participation or consultation is a relatively recent advent within the children’s right arena, and at least at first glance is an idea alive with promises and potential. This promise has special signifcance, given the range of conditions in Kenya that render most of the children particularly vulnerable. Thus children have been given a platform through the Children’s Assembly, through which they can engage with the many unique problems that curve out their daily existence. It is in this regard that the paper argues that given an opportunity children can be agents of peace, change and development in their own right. The paper presents information from the children’s themselves concerning their present experiences and future aspiration by examining the functions of the Children’s Assembly, Kenya and how the assembly engages children in contributing in meaningful ways to discussions of issues aﬀecting them. By so doing, they are considered as agents of change, peace and development in relation to their engagement in the educational process, access to and negotiation of work, development of survival strategies in extreme conditions of poverty and deprivation that aﬀects most of the children in Kenya.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN EDUCATION
Authors: Kioko Angelina
Published: March 2019

Learning a second and/or a foreign language is no longer a luxury. Opportunities in higher education, in international military, diplomacy and economics increasingly require multilingual skills. Countries engaged in the global market need employees with knowledge of foreign languages and cultures to market products to customers around the globe and to work eﬀectively with colleagues from partner countries with diﬀerent languages and cultures. In the same way, international organisations have underscored the importance of competence in foreign languages for: international finance, trade, diplomacy and security. Research has further shown that knowledge of a foreign language broadens a person’s opportunities in higher education and helps in the overall cognitive development. Foreign languages are essential in peace keeping missions and in international courts. In discussing the importance of foreign languages, this paper surveys literature to uncover key policy decisions, practices and directions adopted by various nations in the world. Examples are drawn from regions representing the five continents.
UNE ETUDE DES DETERMINISMES A LA BASE DE L’ECHEC SCOLAIRE LE CAS DES PAYS DU TIERS MONDE(1)
Authors: Nzunga M. P. K.
Published: March 2019

Fare has been established as a major issue, in primary and secondary schools within the Third World countries. This work sets out to reveal the possible determinants of this phenomenon. A comparison between performance in the rural areas and the urban areas has produced a lot of data on the determinants of school failure and repetition. The researcher seeks to establish the link between failure and the level of intelligence of the learners, the language of instruction, the financial status of the family and the culture of origin. The researcher hopes that by so doing, it would be easier to find a practical and efficient solution, to this problem, which is a great stambling block in the Third World countries.
L’ENSEIGNEMENT DU FRANÇAIS AU NIVEAU SUPERIEUR AU KENYA
Authors: Chokah Milcah M.
Published: March 2019

As technology transforms the world into a global village, people become more and more exposed to diﬀerent cultures and opportunities. Opportunities for a better life, better education, better employment. Languages – especially foreign languages - have gained a special status in education systems. People want to learn other languages to be able to communicate and take advantage of what other countries have to oﬀer. French as a foreign language was introduced into the Kenyan education system with noble objectives, the main one being to facilitate communication between Kenya and francophone members of the then African Union. In the late 1960s French was introduced into the university system and is today the most popular foreign language studied. Most institutions of higher learning in Kenya oﬀer courses in French either as a main subject or as a support subject. However, the teaching/learning of this language has not been without challenges. The main objective of this paper was to examine the programmes oﬀered, how they are organized and their relevance to the teaching/learning of French as a foreign language. It also investigated the challenges and the new approaches that could enhance the teaching and learning of French in institutions of higher learning
LANGUAGE AND CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Kiprop Philip , Kebeya Hilda
Published: March 2019

Diﬀerent societies have diﬀerent rules/norms governing communication. What works in one society may fail to work in another. This scenario raises a host of fundamental questions: What happens when individuals from diﬀerent cultural groups interact? Is there a possibility that miscommunication may occur in the course of communication? If so what is the nature of miscommunication and how does it aﬀect social relations of individuals or groups? In what ways can miscommunication be minimized during intercultural communication? This paper explores cross cultural communication within an African context. Specifcally the paper seeks to unearth the lexical variations that exist in the language of two cultural groups in Baringo County, Kenya. Two cohorts of Tugen speakers (the initiated and uninitiated) form the sample of this study. Tugen is a dialect of the Kalenjin language. In order to graduate into adulthood Tugens have to undergo a traditional form of circumcision. During circumcision, the initiates are taught a new register, which serves to distinguish them from the uninitiated members of the community. This paper therefore investigates the speech of initiated and uninitiated speakers of Tugen and unearths a number of lexical items that vary. After interviewing 80 purposively sampled subjects the paper established the existence of systematic variation in lexical items from two cultural groups in Tugen. It is apparent from the results presented here that a better understanding of a group’s culture enriches theunderstanding of cross cultural communication. Therefore, knowledge of existing variations in Tugen and other languages/dialects minimizes incidences of miscommunication. Since eﬀects of miscommunication are often very costly, it is therefore important that more studies be conducted in this area. The world has become a global village and cross cultural communication is a now a daily engagement for many of us who live in the modern world.