bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploratory analysis of pediatric anesthesia activity on Twitter using the #pedsanes hashtag
Authors: Downing Lynsey , Mariano Edward R. , Kou Alex , Matava Clyde
Published: May 2023

Background

The use of social media within the medical field has rapidly evolved over the past two decades, with Twitter being one of the most common platforms of engagement. The use of hashtags such as #pedsanes has been reported as a community builder around the subject of pediatric anesthesia. Understanding the use of #pedsanes can inform dissemination of pediatric anesthesia content and discourse. We aimed to describe the distribution and patterns of tweets and contributors using #pedsanes across the globe.

Methods

Using Tweetbinder (https://www.tweetbinder.com) and the R package “academictwitteR,” we extracted tweets that included the hashtag “#pedsanes” from March 14, 2016 to March 10, 2022. Tweets were analyzed for frequency, type, unique users, impact and reach, language, content, and the most common themes.

Results

A total of 58 724 tweets were retrieved; 22 071 (38.8%) were original tweets including 3247 replies, while 35 971 (61.2%) were retweets all generated by over 5946 contributors located in at least 122 countries. The frequency distribution of tweets gradually increased over time with peaks in activity corresponding to major pediatric anesthesia societal meetings and during the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The most retweeted and most liked posts included images.

Discussion

We report the widespread and increasing use of social media and the “#pedsanes” hashtag within the pediatric anesthesia and medical community over time. It remains unknown the extent to which Twitter hashtag activity translates to changes in clinical practice. However, the #pedsanes hashtag appears to play a key role in disseminating pediatric anesthesia information globally.
“Allende has outlived Pinochet”: A conversation along the Chilean road
Authors: Valenzuela Juan Pablo , Fletcher Ian Christopher
Published: May 2023

This conversation about Chile in the late 1960s and early 1970s and in the current period anticipates the fiftieth anniversary of the military overthrow of the Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende Gossens in September 1973. For readers interested in learning more about this history for teaching or research purposes, further readings and resources appear at the end of the conversation.
Coping practices and the spatial dimension of authority design
Authors: Kaplaner Constantin , Steinebach Yves
Published: May 2023

Frontline implementers develop coping practices to deal with implementation burdens. Unfortunately, we have only limited knowledge of how widespread and systematic these practices are applied. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement activities carried out in the context of the European Union Industrial Emission Directive, relying on a quantitative data set that summarizes the information from more than 2000 inspection reports published by the German state Baden‐Württemberg. Our analysis reveals that inspectors tend to give priority to sites that (1) are closer and easier to reach and (2) that pose only a small risk to their environment. These findings indicate that implementers are primarily guided by concerns over the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of their work. These insights highlight that public authorities' spatial location is a crucial, yet still unexplored factor in the study of policy implementation.
Expanded utilisation of microalgae in global aquafeeds
Authors: Siddik Muhammad A. B. , Sørensen Mette , Islam S. M. Majharul , Saha Newton , Rahman Md Arifur , Francis David S.
Published: May 2023

Utilising novel ingredients in aquafeeds is necessary for the continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture production. Microalgae are utilised widely in aquaculture for a variety of purposes; as live feed for fish and shellfish larvae and juveniles, for the production of algae‐based meals and oils to replace marine derived raw materials in aquafeeds, and for the production of astaxanthin, the carotenoid that gives salmon flesh its characteristic reddish colour. Notably, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, fibres, antioxidant pigments, vitamins and minerals are among the compounds in microalgae with great biological value. A growing collection of experimental data has demonstrated that these substances are crucial for increasing larval survival and enhancing the growth and well‐being of fish and shellfish. In this review, the processing of microalgae utilised as aquafeed ingredient, the health promoting compounds in microalgae and their role in growth, immunity and disease resistance of fish and shellfish are described and discussed. Simultaneously, major hurdles in the commercial use of microalgae in aquafeed, and future research and development perspectives are all critically discussed.
Covid‐19 pandemic and asthma: What did we learn?
Authors: Bloom Chloe I.
Published: May 2023

This review addresses some of the major lessons we have learnt regarding asthma and the covid‐19 pandemic, including susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and severe covid‐19, potentially protective factors, comparison to other respiratory infections, changes in healthcare behaviour from the perspective of patients and clinicians, medications to treat or prevent covid‐19, and post‐covid syndrome.
Nonparametric adaptive estimation for interacting particle systems
Authors: Comte Fabienne , Genon‐Catalot Valentine
Published: May 2023

We consider a stochastic system of interacting particles with constant diffusion coefficient and drift linear in space, time‐depending on two unknown deterministic functions. Our concern here is the nonparametric estimation of these functions from a continuous observation of the process on for fixed and large . We define two collections of projection estimators belonging to finite‐dimensional subspaces of . We study the ‐risks of these estimators, where the risk is defined either by the expectation of an empirical norm or by the expectation of a deterministic norm. Afterwards, we propose a data‐driven choice of the dimensions and study the risk of the adaptive estimators. The results are illustrated by numerical experiments on simulated data.
Spirituality and intentions to engage in Covid‐19 protective behaviours
Authors: Zarzeczna Natalia , Većkalov Bojana , Rutjens Bastiaan T.
Published: May 2023

Accumulating evidence points to spirituality as a belief system that contributes to low trust in science, with self‐identified spiritual individuals reporting high levels of unwarranted scepticism towards science in general and vaccination specifically. We investigated whether self‐identified spirituality also predicts intentions to engage with Covid‐19 protective measures during the pandemic. In Studies 1–3 (N = 774), we asked participants to report their spirituality and desire to be vaccinated against Covid‐19 shortly after the first vaccine rollout. In Studies 2–3, we included measures of scepticism towards and intentions to comply with Covid‐19 prevention measures (handwashing, wearing face coverings, distancing). As expected, stronger self‐reported spirituality involved lower desire to be vaccinated, controlling for various worldview and demographic variables. Yet, we found no evidence for spirituality to predict scepticism towards other Covid‐19 preventative behaviours or intentions to engage with them. Our findings corroborate and extend previous literature on science rejection, demonstrating that spirituality is uniquely involved in vaccine rejection.
fsr: An R package for fuzzy spatial data handling
Authors: Carniel Anderson Chaves , de Venâncio Pedro Vinícius Almeida Borges , Schneider Markus
Published: May 2023

Spatial libraries are core components in many geographic information systems, spatial database systems, and spatial data science projects. These libraries provide the implementation of spatial type systems that include spatial data types and a large diversity of geometric operations. Their focus relies on handling crisp spatial objects, which are characterized by an exact location and a precisely defined extent, shape, and boundary in space. However, there is an increasing interest in analyzing spatial phenomena characterized by fuzzy spatial objects, which have inexact locations, vague boundaries, and/or blurred interiors. Unfortunately, available spatial libraries do not provide support for fuzzy spatial objects. In this article, we describe the R package named fsr, which is based on the Spatial Plateau Algebra and is publicly available at https://cran.r‐project.org/package=fsr. Our tool provides methods for building fuzzy spatial objects as spatial plateau objects and conducting exploratory spatial data analysis by using fuzzy spatial operations.
Multi‐year field trials provide a massive repository of trait data on a highly diverse population of tomato and uncover novel determinants of tomato productivity
Authors: Zemach Itay , Alseekh Saleh , Tadmor‐Levi Roni , Fisher Josef , Torgeman Shai , Trigerman Shay , Nauen Julia , Hayut Shdema Filler , Mann Varda , Rochsar Edan , Finkers Richard , Wendenburg Regina , Osorio Sonia , Bergmann Susan , Lunn John E. , Semel Yaniv , Hirschberg Joseph , Fernie Alisdair R. , Zamir Dani
Published: May 2023

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a prominent fruit with rich genetic resources for crop improvement. By using a phenotype‐guided screen of over 7900 tomato accessions from around the world, we identified new associations for complex traits such as fruit weight and total soluble solids (Brix). Here, we present the phenotypic data from several years of trials. To illustrate the power of this dataset we use two case studies. First, evaluation of color revealed allelic variation in phytoene synthase 1 that resulted in differently colored or even bicolored fruit. Secondly, in view of the negative relationship between fruit weight and Brix, we pre‐selected a subset of the collection that includes high and low Brix values in each category of fruit size. Genome‐wide association analysis allowed us to detect novel loci associated with total soluble solid content and fruit weight. In addition, we developed eight F2 biparental intraspecific populations. Furthermore, by taking a phenotype‐guided approach we were able to isolate individuals with high Brix values that were not compromised in terms of yield. In addition, the demonstration of novel results despite the high number of previous genome‐wide association studies of these traits in tomato suggests that adoption of a phenotype‐guided pre‐selection of germplasm may represent a useful strategy for finding target genes for breeding.
Exercise improves homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium by activation of apelin receptor–AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling
Authors: Chae Song Ah , Du Min , Son Jun Seok , Zhu Mei‐Jun
Published: May 2023

Intestinal remodelling is dynamically regulated by energy metabolism. Exercise is beneficial for gut health, but the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intestine‐specific apelin receptor (APJ) knockdown (KD) and wild‐type male mice were randomly divided into two subgroups, with/without exercise, to obtain four groups: WT, WT with exercise, APJ KD and APJ KD with exercise. Animals in the exercise groups were subjected to daily treadmill exercise for 3 weeks. Duodenum was collected at 48 h after the last bout of exercise. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 KD and wild‐type mice were also utilized for investigating the mediatory role of AMPK on exercise‐induced duodenal epithelial development. AMPK and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1 α were upregulated by exercise via APJ activation in the intestinal duodenum. Correspondingly, exercise induced permissive histone modifications in the PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) promoter to activate its expression, which was dependent on APJ activation. In agreement, exercise elevated the expression of mitochondrial oxidative markers. The expression of intestinal epithelial markers was downregulated due to AMPK deficiency, and AMPK signalling facilitated epithelial renewal. These data demonstrate that exercise‐induced activation of the APJ–AMPK axis facilitates the homeostasis of the intestinal duodenal epithelium.

image

Key points

Apelin receptor (APJ) signalling is required for improved epithelial homeostasis of the small intestine in response to exercise.

Exercise intervention activates PRDM16 through inducing histone modifications, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in duodenum.

The morphological development of duodenal villus and crypt is enhanced by the muscle‐derived exerkine apelin through the APJ‐AMP‐activated protein kinase axis.
Perinatal high‐fat diet exposure alters oxytocin and corticotropin releasing factor inputs onto vagal neurocircuits controlling gastric motility
Authors: Carson Kaitlin E. , Alvarez Jared , Mackley Jasmine Q. , Travagli R. Alberto , Browning Kirsteen N.
Published: May 2023

Perinatal high‐fat diet (pHFD) exposure alters the development of vagal neurocircuits that control gastrointestinal (GI) motility and reduce stress resiliency in offspring. Descending oxytocin (OXT; prototypical anti‐stress peptide) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; prototypical stress peptide) inputs from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulate the GI stress response. How these descending inputs, and their associated changes to GI motility and stress responses, are altered following pHFD exposure are, however, unknown. The present study used retrograde neuronal tracing experiments, cerebrospinal fluid extraction, in vivo recordings of gastric tone, motility and gastric emptying rates, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings from brainstem slice preparations to investigate the hypothesis that pHFD alters descending PVN–DMV inputs and dysregulates vagal brain–gut responses to stress. Compared to controls, rats exposed to pHFD had slower gastric emptying rates and did not respond to acute stress with the expected delay in gastric emptying. Neuronal tracing experiments demonstrated that pHFD reduced the number of PVNOXT neurons that project to the DMV, but increased PVNCRF neurons. Both in vitro electrophysiology recordings of DMV neurons and in vivo recordings of gastric motility and tone demonstrated that, following pHFD, PVNCRF–DMV projections were tonically active, and that pharmacological antagonism of brainstem CRF1 receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to brainstem OXT application. These results suggest that pHFD exposure disrupts descending PVN–DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain–gut response to stress.

image

Key points

Maternal high‐fat diet exposure is associated with gastric dysregulation and stress sensitivity in offspring.

The present study demonstrates that perinatal high‐fat diet exposure downregulates hypothalamic–vagal oxytocin (OXT) inputs but upregulates hypothalamic–vagal corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inputs.

Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that, following perinatal high‐fat diet, CRF receptors were tonically active at NTS–DMV synapses, and that pharmacological antagonism of these receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to OXT.

The current study suggests that perinatal high‐fat diet exposure disrupts descending PVN–DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain–gut response to stress.
The experiences of new graduates learning to make intervention decisions in diverse paediatric workplace settings: A cross-case analysis
Authors: Moir Elizabeth , Copley Jodie , Turpin Merrill
Published: May 2023

Introduction: New graduates commonly experience challenges making client-related decisions. Current occupational therapy literature has predominantly focused on new graduates’ general experiences of commencing practice and experienced clinicians’ perceptions of clinical decision making. This study aimed to explore new graduate occupational therapists’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions in paediatric practice.
Methods: A case study approach enabled exploration of the experiences and reflections of 18 new graduate and eight experienced occupational therapists working in three paediatric service delivery contexts—private practice, acute hospital and non-government settings. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, informal discussions, review of documents and reflective journal entries. Similarities and differences across the three cases were examined.
Results: Contextual influences, including time pressure, clinical risk and self-expectations, shaped new graduates’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions. These influences impacted new graduates’ access to common support mechanisms, such as informal discussions with colleagues, formal workplace supervision and shared workplace resources, and prompted them to draw on supports and resources external to the workplace. 
Conclusions: Understanding the contextual influences that shape new graduate allied health practitioners’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions assists professional bodies, workplaces and universities to better target the training and support provided to new graduates to ensure that their intervention decisions promote positive client outcomes. Furthermore, the research findings can increase new graduates’ understanding of both workplace and external support mechanisms that assist clinical decision making and the possible impact of high self-expectations on their decision-making experiences.
Types of quantum turbulence
Authors: Barenghi C. F. , Middleton-Spencer H. A. J. , Galantucci L. , Parker N. G.
Published: May 2023

We collect and describe the observed geometrical and dynamical properties of turbulence in quantum fluids, particularly superfluid helium and atomic condensates for which more information about turbulence is available. Considering the spectral features, the temporal decay, and the comparison with relevant turbulent classical flows, we identify three main limiting types of quantum turbulence: Kolmogorov quantum turbulence, Vinen quantum turbulence, and strong quantum turbulence. This classification will be useful to analyze and interpret new results in these and other quantum fluids.
Physical Education for Health Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Reviews
Authors: Ramires Virgílio Viana , dos Santos Priscila Cristina , Barbosa Filho Valter Cordeiro , Bandeira Alexsandra da Silva , Marinho Tenório Maria Cecilia , de Camargo Edina Maria , Ravagnani Fabrício Cesar de Paula , Sandreschi Paula , de Oliveira Victor José Machado , Hallal Pedro Curi , Silva Kelly Samara
Published: May 2023

Background: Physical education (PE) classes in schools are considered relevant to implement interventions, especially focused on physical activity. However, evidence overviews on how PE classes contribute to general health (physical, social, affective, and cognitive domains) are still needed. Thus, we summarized evidence synthesis (eg, systematic reviews) that addressed the contribution of PE classes to the health of school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a scoping review with searches in 8 databases and institutional websites to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses that answered this review’s research question. Data charting form included the identification of the study, health outcomes, and PE classes’ strategies (policies and environment, curriculum, appropriate instructions, and evaluation). An interactive process was performed to build the evidence summary. Results: An initial search yielded 2264 titles, and 49 systematic reviews (including 11 with meta-analysis) were included in this review. Most documents reported the main benefits of PE classes on physical domain outcomes (eg, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and fundamental motor skills). However, evidence on the benefits of PE classes in affective (eg, enjoyment, motivation, and autonomy); social (eg, cooperation, problem-solving, and making friends); and cognitive (eg, memory, attention, concentration, and decision making) domains were found. Strategies on PE classes for health benefits were highlighted. Conclusions: These elements were detailed in the evidence summary, which may be considered to guide researchers, teachers, and practitioners to define research and practice priorities on PE class interventions for health in the school context.
Mental Health Literacy Intervention to Reduce Stigma Toward Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders in Women Rugby Players: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Oftadeh-Moghadam Shakiba , Weston Neil , Gorczynski Paul
Published: May 2023

This feasibility study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on stigma toward mental health symptoms and disorders, mental health literacy, and help-seeking intentions among U.K. semielite women rugby players. Seven semielite women rugby players participated. An A-B-A single-case experimental research design was used to assess stigma toward mental health symptoms and disorders, mental health literacy, and help-seeking intentions at baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases. The intervention was successful in enhancing the players’ mental health literacy and reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Acknowledging the study’s small sample size, the findings revealed that there is a need for scaffolding to support future developments, advancements, and maintenance of mental health support in women’s rugby. Practical implications of future findings from a larger-scale study may lead to policy reformation across the game to inform and improve systemic mental health support for women rugby players.
Microbiome Structure of a Wild
Drosophila
Community along Tropical Elevational Gradients and Comparison to Laboratory Lines
Authors: Brown Joel J. , Jandová Anna , Jeffs Christopher T. , Higgie Megan , Nováková Eva , Lewis Owen T. , Hrček Jan
Published: May 2023

Bacteria form microbial communities inside most higher-level organisms, but we know little about how the microbiome varies along environmental gradients and between natural host populations and laboratory colonies. To explore such effects on insect-associated microbiomes, we studied the gut microbiome in four
Drosophila
species over two mountain gradients in tropical Australia.
Rapid Diagnostics of Joint Infections Using IS-Pro
Authors: Bos Martine P. , van Houdt Robin , Poort Linda , van der Stel Anne-Xander , Peters Edgar J. , Saouti Rachid , Savelkoul Paul , Budding Andries E.
Published: May 2023

Diagnosis of bone and joint infections (BJI) relies on microbiological culture which has a long turnaround time and is challenging for certain bacterial species. Rapid molecular methods may alleviate these obstacles.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Tissierella
sp. Strain Yu-01, Isolated from the Feces of the Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Zhu Junyu , Dong Guowen , Shih Chao-Jen , Wu Yen-Chi , Lai Shu-Jung , You Yi-Ting , Qiu Wanling , Wu Chih-Hung , Liao Ching-Hua , Gong Yan , Chen Sheng-Chung
Published: May 2023

We report the complete genome sequence of
Tissierella
sp. strain Yu-01 (=BCRC 81391), isolated from the feces of black soldier fly (
Hermetia illucens
) larvae. This fly has increasingly been gaining attention because of its usefulness for recycling organic waste. The genome of strain Yu-01 was selected for further species delineation.
Homologous Sequential Immunization Using Salmonella Oral Administration Followed by an Intranasal Boost with Ferritin-Based Nanoparticles Enhanced the Humoral Immune Response against H1N1 Influenza Virus
Authors: Wang Zhannan , Zhang Tongyu , Jia Futing , Ge Chongbo , He Yingkai , Tian Yawen , Wang Wenfeng , Yang Guilian , Huang Haibin , Wang Jianzhong , Shi Chunwei , Yang Wentao , Cao Xin , Zeng Yan , Wang Nan , Qian Aidong , Wang Chunfeng , Jiang Yanlong
Published: May 2023

Salmonella
-delivered
in situ
nanoparticle platforms may provide novel nanoparticle vaccines for oral administration, which would be beneficial for veterinary applications. The combination of administering
Salmonella
-vectored, self-assembled nanoparticles and an intranasal boost with purified nanoparticles significantly increased the production of effector memory T cells and lung resident memory T cells, thereby providing partial protection against an influenza virus challenge.
Genomic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates Collected from Diseased Swine in the German National Resistance Monitoring Program GE
RM
-Vet from 2007 to 2019
Authors: Krüger-Haker Henrike , Ji Xing , Hanke Dennis , Fiedler Stefan , Feßler Andrea T. , Jiang Nansong , Kaspar Heike , Wang Yang , Wu Congming , Schwarz Stefan
Published: May 2023

The LA-MRSA-CC398 lineage is known for its low host specificity and frequent multiresistance to antimicrobial agents. Colonized swine and their related surroundings represent a considerable risk of LA-MRSA-CC398 colonization or infection for occupationally exposed people through which such isolates might be further disseminated within the human community.
Comprehensive Analysis of Bacteriocins Produced by the Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Complex
Authors: Le Mi Nguyen-Tra , Nguyen Thao Huu-Huong , Trinh Van Minh , Nguyen Tam Phuc-Bao , Kawada-Matsuo Miki , Kayama Shizuo , Sugai Motoyuki , Komatsuzawa Hitoshi
Published: May 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium that asymptomatically colonizes human mucosal membranes, such as the intestinal tract, but it is also a leading cause of health care- and community-associated infections. Additionally, multidrug-resistant
K. pneumoniae
has been continuously evolving, which significantly challenges the available chemotherapeutic treatment for its infections.
K. pneumoniae
produces several kinds of antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins, which have antibacterial activity against closely related species.
Single-Cell, High-Content Microscopy Analysis of BK Polyomavirus Infection
Authors: Procario Megan C. , Sexton Jonathan Z. , Halligan Benjamin S. , Imperiale Michael J.
Published: May 2023

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a human pathogen that infects nearly everyone by adulthood and persists throughout a person’s life. Only people with significant immune suppression develop disease from the virus, however.
Absence of Clinically Meaningful Drug-Drug Interactions with Rezafungin: Outcome of Investigations
Authors: Flanagan Shawn , Walker Helen , Ong Voon , Sandison Taylor
Published: May 2023

Antifungal agents used to treat life-threatening infections are often associated with severe drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may limit their usefulness. Rezafungin, a newly approved once-weekly echinocandin, has been shown to be free of DDIs based on extensive nonclinical and clinical testing described in this study.
A New Cypovirus-1 Strain as a Promising Agent for Lepidopteran Pest Control
Authors: Martemyanov Vyacheslav V. , Akhanaev Yuriy B. , Belousova Irina A. , Pavlusin Sergey V. , Yakimova Maria E. , Kharlamova Daria D. , Ageev Alexander A. , Golovina Anna N. , Astapenko Sergey A. , Kolosov Alexey V. , Ananko Grigory G. , Taranov Oleg S. , Shvalov Alexander N. , Bodnev Sergey A. , Ershov Nikita I. , Grushevaya Inna V. , Timofeyev Maxim A. , Tokarev Yuri S.
Published: May 2023

In this article, we describe a newly discovered cypovirus strain that displays features ideally suited for the development of a modern biological insecticide: high potency, relatively broad host range, true regulating effect, flexible production (possibility to choose host species for production), interaction with enhancing adjuvants, and ecologically friendly. Based on an alignment of CPV genomes, we suggest that the enhanced host range of this new strain is the sequence of evolutionary events that occurred after coinfections involving different CPV species within the same host.
A mechanism for transient creep in crustal shear zones
Authors: Thom Christopher A. , Kirkpatrick James D.
Published: May 2023

The brittle-to-ductile transition in faults and shear zones marks the change from frictional stick-slip behavior in the seismogenic zone to creep accommodated by plastic mechanisms at higher temperatures. Geodetic observations of slow slip events (SSEs) on plate-boundary shear zones indicate that transient periods of elevated aseismic slip rate occur beneath the seismogenic zone where dislocation creep is likely to be active. SSE duration on the San Andreas fault (California, USA) and major subduction zones decreases systematically with increasing depth and temperature. However, current flow laws for dislocation creep are unable to explain the occurrence of transients similar to SSEs. We develop a microphysical model of dislocation creep that shows how small perturbations in stress (of the order kPa) can lead to strain-rate transients orders of magnitude faster than the background during nominally steady-state flow. The model explains the first-order characteristics of SSEs, reconciling the geophysical observations of deep slow slip events with expectations from experimental rock mechanics. Given that these microphysical mechanisms are general to rock-forming silicate minerals, our results suggest that non-steady-state deformation is inherent to natural shear zones that deform by dislocation creep and that the transition from brittle to steady-state creep occurs over a broad depth range within which transients are predominant.
The source of tungsten-associated magmas in the northern Canadian Cordillera and implications for the basement
Authors: Rasmussen Kirsten L. , Falck Hendrik , Elongo Vanessa , Reimink Jesse , Luo Yan , Pearson D. Graham , Ootes Luke , Creaser Robert A. , Lecumberri-Sanchez Pilar
Published: May 2023

The crustally derived Tungsten Plutonic Suite (TPS) in the northern Canadian Cordillera is responsible for several of the world’s most important tungsten (W) resources, but the actual source rocks to these exceptionally metallogenic magmas have never been identified. Detrital zircon studies have improved our knowledge of exposed supracrustal packages in the region, such that a U-Pb study of inherited zircon cores in the TPS provides an opportunity to determine the age and provenance of the melt source to these magmas. The TPS is dominated by Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic inherited zircons that are typical of a northwest Laurentian “cratonic” detrital zircon signature (e.g., 2.8–1.8 Ga). Cross-correlation statistical analysis of detrital zircon populations combined with whole-rock neodymium isotopic compositions indicate that mid- to late Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the Selwyn Basin are the most likely melt source for the TPS magmas. Despite the presence of prospective intrusions across the Selwyn Basin, world-class W metallogeny is limited to the narrow belt of TPS plutons in the eastern Selwyn Basin near the ancient continental margin, possibly due to depositional or structural controls on the source strata. Today, the early Phanerozoic melt source to the TPS must be present at depths of at least 15–17 km and is notably younger than suggested by current geophysical interpretations for the middle crust, requiring a reconsideration of the crustal architecture in the northern Canadian Cordillera.
Supplemental Material: Challenger Deep basalts reveal Indian-type Early Cretaceous oceanic crust subducting in the southernmost Mariana Trench
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Peng Xiaotong , al. et
Published: May 2023

Supplemental Figures S1–S6 and Tables S1–S4, and extended information about samples, methods, and results. 
Supplemental Material: Evolution of the North Qiangtang Block in the late Paleozoic: Paleomagnetism and its tectonic implications
Authors: Cheng Xin , al. et
Published: May 2023

Data used in this study (Tables S1–S3).
Erratum to: Root Growth of Transgenic Tobacco Plants with Overexpression of Expansin and Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase Genes under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Berezhneva Z. A. , Musin Kh. G. , Kuluev B. R.
Published: May 2023

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443723330014
MetastaticHER2-amplified non-small-cell lung cancer treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan
Authors: Yun Karen M , Bazhenova Lyudmila
Published: May 2023

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) alterations can occur as gene mutations, gene amplification or protein overexpression. DESTINY-Lung01 and DESTINY-Lung02 demonstrated the efficacy of trastuzumab deruxtecan in the subsequent line setting in patients with unresectable or metastaticHER2-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Trastuzumab deruxtecan has not been studied in select patients withHER2-amplified NSCLC. Here, we present the first reported case of metastaticHER2-amplified NSCLC treated with trastuzumab deruxtecan with a durable response to therapy.
Decisional needs assessment for patient-centred pain care in Canada: the DECIDE-PAIN study protocol
Authors: Naye Florian , Légaré France , Paquette Jean-Sébastien , Tousignant-Laflamme Yannick , LeBlanc Annie , Gaboury Isabelle , Poitras Marie-Eve , Toupin-April Karine , Li Linda C , Hoens Alison , Poirier Marie-Dominique , Décary Simon
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The 2021 Action Plan for Pain from the Canadian Pain Task Force advocates for patient-centred pain care at all levels of healthcare across provinces. Shared decision-making is the crux of patient-centred care. Implementing the action plan will require innovative shared decision-making interventions, specifically following the disruption of chronic pain care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first step in this endeavour is to assess current decisional needs (ie, decisions most important to them) of Canadians with chronic pain across their care pathways.

Methods and analysis

Design

Grounded in patient-oriented research approaches, we will perform an online population-based survey across the ten Canadian provinces. We will report methods and data following the CROSS reporting guidelines.

Sampling

The Léger Marketing company will administer the online population-based survey to its representative panel of 500 000 Canadians to recruit 1646 adults (age ≥18 years old) with chronic pain according to the definition by the International Association for the Study of Pain (eg, pain ≥12 weeks).Content

Based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework, the self-administered survey has been codesigned with patients and contain six core domains: (1) healthcare services, consultation and postpandemic needs, (2) difficult decisions experienced, (3) decisional conflict, (4) decisional regret, (5) decisional needs and (6) sociodemographic characteristics. We will use several strategies such as random sampling to improve survey quality.Analysis

We will perform descriptive statistical analysis. We will identify factors associated with clinically significant decisional conflict and decision regret using multivariate analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics was approved by the Research Ethics Board at the Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (project #2022-4645). We will codesign knowledge mobilisation products with research patient partners (eg, graphical summaries and videos). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and national and international conferences to inform the development of innovative shared decision-making interventions for Canadians with chronic pain.
Serum folate deficiency and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study
Authors: Mamme Newas Yusuf , Roba Hirbo Shore , Fite Meseret Belete , Asefa Gemechu , Abrahim Jemal , Yuya Mohammed , Wilfong Tara , Gurmu Demiraw Bikila , Waka Feyissa Challa , Tessema Masresha , Habtu Wossene , Woldeyohannes Meseret , Raru Temam Beshir , Kure Mohammed Abdurke , Alemayehu Dawit , Motuma Aboma , Roba Kedir Teji
Published: May 2023

Objectives

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of folate deficiency and contributing factors among pregnant women.

Design

A community-based, cross-sectional study.

Setting

Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia.

Participants

Four hundred and forty-six pregnant women participated in the study.

Primary outcome measure

The prevalence of folate deficiency and risk factors.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of folate deficiency was 49.3% (95% CI 44.6% to 54.1%). Pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia were 2.94 times more likely to develop folate deficiency (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 4.7). Respondents with good knowledge of folate-rich foods (AOR=0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7) and those who took iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR=0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9) during their pregnancy were less likely to develop folate deficiency.

Conclusions

In this study, a considerable proportion of pregnant women had folate deficiency during their pregnancy. Therefore, it is critical that nutritional treatment, education and counselling be strengthened to facilitate iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy.
Risk factors and protective factors of acute postoperative pain: an observational study at a German university hospital with cross-sectional and longitudinal inpatient data
Authors: Riecke Jenny , Zerth Simon Felix , Schubert Ann-Kristin , Wiesmann Thomas , Dinges Hanns-Christian , Wulf Hinnerk , Volberg Christian
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Surgical fear is one of the most important psychological risk factors for postoperative pain, but less is known about the contribution of protective factors. This study investigated somatic and psychological risk and resilience factors of postoperative pain and validated the German version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ).

Setting

University Hospital of Marburg, Germany.

Design

Single-centre observational study and cross-sectional validation study.

Participants

Data for validating the SFQ were obtained from a cross-sectional observational study (N=198, mean age 43.6 years, 58.8% female) with persons undergoing different kinds of elective surgery. A sample of N=196 (mean age 43.0 years, 45.4% female) undergoing elective (orthopaedic) surgery was analysed to investigate somatic and psychological predictors of relevant acute postsurgical pain (APSP).

Outcome measures

Participants completed preoperative and postoperative assessments at postoperative days 1, 2 and 7. Presurgical pain, age, gender, pain expectation, surgical setting, physical status, anaesthesia, surgical fear, pain catastrophising, depression, optimism and self-efficacy were examined as predictors.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original two-factor structure of the SFQ. Correlation analyses indicated good convergent and divergent validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was between 0.85 and 0.89. Blockwise logistic regression analyses for the risk of APSP revealed outpatient setting, higher preoperative pain, younger age, more surgical fear and low dispositional optimism as significant predictors.

Conclusions

The German SFQ is a valid, reliable and economical instrument with which the important psychological predictor surgical fear can be assessed. Modifiable factors that increase the risk of postoperative pain were higher pain intensity before surgery and being fearful about negative consequences of the surgery whereas positive expectations seem to buffer against postsurgical pain.

Trial registration numbers

DRKS00021764 and DRKS00021766.
Intervention development of ‘Diabetes Together’ using the person-based approach: a couples-focused intervention to support self-management of type 2 diabetes in South Africa
Authors: Smith Kirsten Ailsa , Van Pinxteren Myrna , Mbokazi Nonzuzo , Majikela-Dlangamandla Buyelwa , Delobelle Peter , Levitt Naomi , McGrath Nuala
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing concern in South Africa, where many find self-management challenging. Behaviour-change health interventions are enhanced by involving partners of patients. We aimed to develop a couples-focused intervention to improve self-management of T2D among adults in South Africa.

Design

We used the person-based approach (PBA): synthesising evidence from existing interventions; background research; theory; and primary qualitative interviews with 10 couples to ascertain barriers and facilitators to self-management. This evidence was used to formulate guiding principles that directed the intervention design. We then prototyped the intervention workshop material, shared it with our public and patient involvement group and ran iterative co-discovery think-aloud sessions with nine couples. Feedback was rapidly analysed and changes formulated to improve the intervention, optimising its acceptability and maximising its potential efficacy.

Setting

We recruited couples using public-sector health services in the area of Cape Town, South Africa, during 2020–2021.

Participants

The 38 participants were couples where one person had T2D.

Intervention

We developed the ‘Diabetes Together’ intervention to support self-management of T2D among couples in South Africa, focussing on: improved communication and shared appraisal of T2D; identifying opportunities for better self-management; and support from partners. Diabetes Together combined eight informational and two skills-building sections over two workshops.

Results

Our guiding principles included: providing equal information on T2D to partners; improving couples’ communication; shared goal-setting; discussion of diabetes fears; discussing couples’ roles in diabetes self-management; and supporting couples’ autonomy to identify and prioritise diabetes self-management strategies.

Participants viewing Diabetes Together valued the couples-focus of the intervention, especially communication. Feedback resulted in several improvements throughout the intervention, for example, addressing health concerns and tailoring to the setting.

Conclusions

Using the PBA, our intervention was developed and tailored to our target audience. Our next step is to pilot the workshops’ feasibility and acceptability.
Citizen Science to improve healthy and active living among adolescents in four European countries: a protocol of the cluster randomised controlled trial of the Science Engagement to Empower aDolescentS (SEEDS) project
Authors: Wargers Annemieke , Queral Judit , Mölenberg Famke JM , Tarro Lucia , Elphick Christopher M , Kalogerakou Electra , Karagiannis Alexandros , Llauradó Elisabet , Manios Yannis , Mavrogianni Christina , Murray Claire , Vlachopoulos Dimitris , Williams Craig A , Jansen Wilma , Solà Rosa
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Improving healthy lifestyles of adolescents is challenging. Citizen Science is a way to engage them in the design and delivery of interventions, and may also increase their interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The Science Engagement to Empower aDolescentS (SEEDS) project aims to use an equity-lens, and engage and empower boys and girls from deprived areas by designing and cocreating interventions to promote healthy lifestyles, and to seed interest in STEM.

Methods and analysis

SEEDS is a cluster randomised controlled trial in four countries (Greece, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK). Each country will recruit six to eight high schools from lower socioeconomic neighbourhoods. Adolescents aged 13–15 years are the target population. High schools will be randomised into intervention or control group. Each country will select 15 adolescents from intervention schools called ambassadors, who will be involved throughout the project.

In each country, focus groups with ambassadors and stakeholders will focus on physical activity, snacking behaviour and STEM. The input from focus groups will be used to shape Makeathon events, cocreation events where adolescents and stakeholders will develop the interventions. The resultant intervention will be implemented in the intervention schools during 6 months. In total, we aim to recruit 720 adolescents who will complete questionnaires related to healthy lifestyles and STEM outcomes at baseline (November 2021) and after the 6 months (June 2022).

Ethics and dissemination

The four countries obtained approval from their corresponding Ethics Committees (Greece: Bioethics Committee of Harokopio University; the Netherlands: The Medical Research Ethics Committee of the Erasmus Medical Center; Spain: The Drug Research Ethics Committee of the Pere Virgili Health Research Institute; UK: Sport and Health Sciences Ethics Committee of the University of Exeter). Informed consent will be collected from adolescents and their parents in line with General Data Protection Regulation legislation. The findings will be disseminated by conference presentations, publications in scientific peer-reviewed journals and during (local) stakeholders and public events. Lessons learnt and the main results will also be used to provide policy recommendations.

Trial registration number

NCT05002049.
Pregnancy exposure registries for drugs and vaccines in low-income and middle-income countries: scoping review protocol
Authors: AbuShweimeh Rahmeh , Knudson Sophie , Chaabane Sonia , Pal Shanthi Narayan , Skidmore Becky , Stergachis Andy , Bhat Niranjan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Data regarding the safety of drugs and vaccines in pregnant women are typically unavailable before licensure. Pregnancy exposure registries (PERs) are an important source of postmarketing safety information. PERs in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are uncommon but can provide valuable safety data regarding their distinct contexts and will become more relevant as the introduction and use of new drugs and vaccines in pregnancy increase worldwide. Strategies to support PERs in LMICs must be based on a better understanding of their current status. We developed a scoping review protocol to assess the landscape of PERs that operate in LMICs and characterise their strengths and challenges.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute manual for scoping reviews. The search strategy will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. We will search PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and WHO’s Global Index Medicus, as well as the reference lists of retrieved full-text records, for articles published between 2000 and 2022 that describe PERs or other resources that systematically record exposures to medical products during pregnancy and maternal and infant outcomes in LMICs. Title and abstracts will be screened by two authors and data extracted using a standardised form. We will undertake a grey literature search using Google Scholar and targeted websites. We will distribute an online survey to selected experts and conduct semistructured interviews with key informants. Identified PERs will be summarised in tables and analysed.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this activity, as it was determined not to involve human subjects research. Findings will be submitted to an open access peer-reviewed journal and may be presented at conferences, with underlying data and other materials made publicly available.
‘First ensure no regret’: a decision-theoretic approach to informed consent in clinical practice
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz
Published: May 2023

Decision theorists recognise that information is valuable only insofar as it has the potential to change a decision. This means that since acquiring more information is time-consuming and sometimes expensive, judgements need to be made about what information is most valuable to acquire, and whether it is worth acquiring at all. In this article I apply this idea to informed consent and argue that the most valuable information relates not to what the best treatment option may be but to possible futures a patient may regret. I conclude by proposing a regret-minimisation framework for informed consent that I contend better captures the true nature of shared decision making than existing formulations.