bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLA ASUH ORANGTUA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN PERSONAL HYGIENE CUCI TANGAN DAN GOSOK GIGI PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH
Authors: Anggraini Dina Dewi
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 

The study aims todetermine the relationship between parenting style and the level of independence of Personal Hygiene Hand Wasting and Tooth Brush in Preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. The study is a quantitative study, based on the research location including the type of field reseaerch, based on the ansence of the treatment of subjects including survey research, based on time is a cross sectional study, and based on objectives includin correlation analytics. The population in this study were all parents in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora as many as 85 respondents. Based on the sample calculation, the sample obtained in this study that most parent in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora amounted to 70 respondents. Srearmen’s rho test analysis results parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene hand wasting result obtained p value = 0,000 < ? (0,05), and parenting patters with the independence of personal hygiene tooth brush obtained results p value = 0,000 < ? (0,05). So it can be concluded that were is a significant relationship between parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene washing hands and brushing their tooth at preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019.

Keywords: parenting; personal hygiene, preschool

ABSTRAK

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Personal Hygiene Cuci Tangan dan Gogok Gigi pada Anak Prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, berdasarkan tempat penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan, berdasarkan tidak adanya perlakuan terhadap subjek termasuk penelitian survey, berdasarkan waktu merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dan berdasarkan tujuan termasuk analitik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 85 responden. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel  maka diperoleh sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebagian orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 70 responden. Hasil analisis uji spearmen’s rho pola asuh orangtua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < ? (0,05), dan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene gosok gigi didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < ? (0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan dan gosok gigi pada anak prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019.

Kata kunci: pola asuh; personal hygiene; prasekolah
TELAAH SISTEMATIK: HUBUNGAN MEROKOK DAN PRILAKU MEROKOK TERHADAP KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU
Authors: Dewi Desak Putu Risna
Published: September 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death in the world especially in developing countries. Indonesia as an developing country with the second largest TB case in the world. The association of smoking and tuberculosis has been proven in numerous studies with different ethnic backgrounds. This literature review aims to discuss the relationship between smoking and TB infection. In this article the methodology used is the literature review with two databases are Pubmed and Google Scholar. In addition, study is uses a reference list in the literature with article selected from 2010 to 2020 with quantitative design. This article shows smoking and tuberculosis have a significant relationship. Some literatures show tuberculosis progression rate is proportional to the length of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked. Another fact that smoking increases the incidence of clinical tuberculosis is the cause of half the deaths occurring in one country, of which about a quarter of a tobacco smoker died at the age of 25-69 years. Smoking is one of the risk factors for TB that has implications for the increase in the number of TB cases, recurrence, impaired treatment and mortality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. To take risk factors that potentially lead to infection and TB disease, such as tobacco smoking, which should be targeted by using appropriate interventions.
PENGARUH SENAM YOGA TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI HIPERTENSI DI PANTI JOMPO YAYASAN GUNA BUDI BAKTI MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Gea Dinar Mesarihati
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 

Hypertension is a state of ongoing increase in blood pressure that is gradually in the normal range which results in an increase in systolic blood pressure ? 140 mmHg and an increase in diastolic ? 90 mmHg. Yoga gymnastics is an activity of merging or focusing the body, mind and soul that combines relaxation techniques, and breathing and meditation, yoga exercises are highly recommended for people who are experiencing hypertension, especially in the elderly because it can relax so as to facilitate blood circulation to all parts of the body. The purpose of this study was to analyze the occurrence of changes in blood pressure in the elderly who experience hypertension at the nursing home of the foundation foundation in 2020. Researchers used a type of pre-experimental research which used a one group pretest-posttest method, and a sample of 20 respondents and by using non-probability sampling techniques, namely the purposive sampling method. The results of the value of this study are to show that there is a decrease in the level of hypertension in the elderly through yoga exercises with a total value of p value = 0,000 through the Wilcoxon rank test. Based on the research results obtained, it is expected that elderly people who experience hypertension can make yoga exercises as a non-paharmacological management to reduce high blood pressure.

Keywords: hypertension; yoga gymnastics; elderly.

ABSTRAK

 

Hipertensi adalah keadaan berlangsungnya peningkatan tekanan darah yang berangsur-angsur pada batasan normal yang menghasilkan tekanan darah sistoliknya bertambah ? 140 mmHg dan diastoliknya bertambah ? 90 mmHg. Senam yoga adalah suatu aktifitas penggabungan atau memfokuskan tubuh, pikiran serta jiwa yang memadukan teknik relaksasi, dan pernapasan serta meditasi, senam yoga sangat dianjurkan bagi orang yang sedang mengalami hipertensi terutama pada lansia dikarenakan bisa merelaksasi hingga dapat memudahkan peredaran darah ke seluruh bagian tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis terjadinya perubahan terhadap tekanan darah pada lansia yang mengalami hipertensi di panti jompo budi bakti yayasan medan pada tahun 2020. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian pra-eksperimen dimana menggunakan satu metode one grup pretest-posttest, serta sampel sebanyak 20 orang responden dan dengan memakai teknik non- probability sampling, yaitu metode purposive sampling. Hasil dari nilai penelitian ini yakni untuk memperlihatkan bahwa adanya penurunan tingkat hipertensi pada lansia melalui senam yoga dengan total nilai p value = 0,000 melalui uji Wilcoxon rank test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, diharapkan orang lanjut usia yang mengalami hipertensi dapat menjadikan senam yoga sebagai manajemen non-paharmakologis untuk menurunkan tekanan darah tinggi.

Kata kunci : hipertensi; senam yoga; lansia.
ANALISIS INTERPRETASI KADAR GDS (GULA DARAH SEWAKTU) DAN GDP (GULA DARAH PUASA) PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS (DM) TIPE II YANG MENGALAMI DAN YANG TIDAK MENGALAMI ULKUS DIABETIK DI RSUD. Dr. PIRNGADI MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Megawati Megawati
Published: September 2020

DM merupakan salah satu penyakit yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus sehingga pasien DM harus mendapat perawatan dan pengelolaan yang baik agar dapat hidup normal dan sehat. komplikasi yang sangat ditakuti penderita diabetes adalah ulkus diabetik. Komplikasi ini terjadi karena adanya kerusakan saraf, pasien tidak dapat membedakan suhu panas dan dingin, rasa sakitpun berkurang. Dimana control ketat gula darah menjadi prioritas utama dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya komplikasi yakni salah satunya ulkus diabetik. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah berapa rerata kadar GDS dan GDP pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II yang mengalami dan yang tidak mengalami ulkus diabetik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melihat gambaran pasien ulkus diabetik berdasarkan jenis ulkusnya, mengetahui rerata kadar GDS dan GDP pada pasien DM Tipe II yang mengalami dan tidak mengalami ulkus diabetik, dan mengetahui perbedaan nilai rerata kadar GDS dan GDP pada pasien DM Tipe II yang mengalami dan tidak mengalami ulkus diabetik.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan deskriptif dengan tehnik accidental sampling yang berdasarkan data sekunder dari rekam medik dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang yang mengalami ulkus diabetikdan 30 orang yang tidak mengalami ulkus diabetik. Data diolah dengan cara manual untuk melihat nilai rerata kadar GDS dan GDP pada pasien DM Tipe II yang mengalami dan tidak mengalami ulkus diabetik yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 70% pasien DM Tipe II sudah mengalami ulkus sampai terjadi abses dengan nilai GDS 261 mg/dl dan GDP 166 mg/dl, nilai rerata kadar GDS dan GDP yang mengalami dan yang tidak mengalami ulkus diabetikadalah GDS 264,8 mg/dl dan GDP 173,5 mg/dl, yang tidak mengalami ulkus diabetikGDS 220 mg/dl dan GDP 146,5 mg/dl. Pasien  DM tipe II yang mengalami dan tidak mengalami ulkus diabetikumumnya dengan umur dewasa tua yakni di atas 40 tahun. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kadar GDS dan GDP yang menyebabkan terjadinya ulkus diabetik. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar bagi peneliti selanjutnya yang ingin meneliti dengan judul yang serupa, kiranya dapat meneliti secara lebih mendalam mengenai interpretasi rerata kadar GDS dan GDP dan faktor-faktor resiko terjadinya ulkus diabetik.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Demensia Berdasarkan Studi Literatur
Authors: Priastana I Ketut Andika , Nurmalisyah Fitri Firranda
Published: September 2020

Demensia menjadi salah satu penyakit yang menjadi perhatian di masa menua. Pencegahan terjadinya demensia dalam tahap lanjut sangat perlu dilakukan. Dalam melakukan pencegahan, perlu diketahui tentang faktor risiko terjadinya penyait tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mengulas bagaimana faktor risiko terjadinya demensia selama sepuluh tahun terkahir berdasarkan studi literatur. Metode yang digunakan dalam literature review ini menggunakan strategi secara komprehensif. Pencarian database yang digunakan meliputi Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco Host, dan Pubmed. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian artikel yaitu risk factor dan dementia. Artikel yang diperoleh sebanyak 233 artikel, tetapi yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi hanya 8 artikel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tujuh belas faktor risiko demensia diantaranya adalah hipertensi, mengunyah tembakau, rasio pinggang-pinggul tinggi, kebiasaan merokok, cedera kepala, kelebihan berat badan, asupan alkohol, usia (lansia), penderita diabetes, stroke, riwayat keluarga demensia, obesitas, penyakit arteri coroner, depresi, faktor pendidikan, epilepsi, dan gangguan pola tidur.
PREVALENSI PENYAKIT HEPATITIS B PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Putri Tetra Anestasia
Published: September 2020

Hepatitis B adalah penyakit menular yang serius dan biasanya menginfeksi hati dan dapat menyebabkan penyakit akut dan kronis. Wanita hamil memiliki risiko tinggi penularan infeksi HBV ke janin yang dikandungnya. Salah satu tes skrining penyakit HBV adalah HBsAg (antigen permukaan Hepatitis B). Bayi yang dilahirkan dari ibu dengan HBsAg positif akan mengalami kerugian HBV dan dapat menjadi hepatitis B. Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah, jumlah pasien hepatitis B adalah 22 pasien wanita hamil HBsAg positif dari 218 pasien.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari deskripsi hasil pemeriksaan HBsAg pada ibu hamil di RSUD Solok tahun 2017. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data hasil pemeriksaan HBsAg pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 26 Februari - 31 Maret 2018, dengan kontribusi 218 ibu hamil dari hasil pemeriksaan HBsAg, menggunakan metode immunochromatographic (Rapid Test) di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit Solok. Hasil pemeriksaan HBsAg pada ibu hamil di RSUD Solok menunjukkan 196 orang HBsAg negatif dengan persentase 90% dan HBsAg 22 orang positif dengan persentase 10%. Jadi dapat disimpulkan sebagai hasil positif lebih rendah dari hasil negatif.
HUBUNGAN LATIHAN RELAKSASI OTOT PROGRESIF DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA LANSIA
Authors: Anggini Kiki
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

 Insomnia sleep disorders that distrupt a person’s concentrartion causing insomnia or insufficient sleep, resulting in inefficient sleep. Cause stress if it continues to have an impact on anxiety, headaches, sexual decline in men, worsening vision, lack of concentration, fatigue, and anemia (Suci, 2014). The aim is to find out whether there is a relationship between progressive muscle relaxation exercises and sleep quality in the elderly at the Guna Budi Bakti Medan Foundation in 2020. This research uses quasy experiment method and uses one grub pretest posttest design, which uses two sample groups be interviewed before (pretest) and after (posttest) by filling out the questionnaire. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon signedrank test, that the value of Z = -4,256? with a p value of 0,000 <0.05, the Ha is accepted and the Ho is rejected. It was concluded that there was an improvement in the quality of sleep in the elderly by doing progressive muscle relaxation exercises. Hopefully this research can improve the quality of nurses working in institutions capable of applying progressive muscle relaxation exercises in the elderly.

ABSTRAK

  Insomnia adalah gangguan tidur yang mengganggu konsentrasi seseorang menyebabkan sulit tidur atau tidak cukup tidur , sehingga waktu tidur tidak efesien. Menyebabkan stres apabila berkelanjutan berdampak pada kecemasan, sakit kepala, penurunan seksual pada pria, penglihatan memburuk, tidak konsentrasi, mudah lelah, dan anemia (Suci, 2014). Tujuan untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan latihan relaksasi otot progresif dengan kualitas tidur pada lansia di Yayasan Guna Budi  Bakti Medan tahun 2020”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasy Eksperiment dan memakai rancangan One Group Pretest Posttest, yaitu menggunakan 2 kelompok sampel diwawancara sebelum (pretest) dan sesudah (possttest) dengan mengisi kuisioner (Soekijo Notoatmojo,2017).Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan wilcoxon signedrank test, bahwa nilai Z=-4.256? dengan nilai p value 0,000 <0,05 maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kualitas tidur pada lanjut usia dengan melakukan latihan relaksasi otot progresif. Semoga penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas perawat yang bekerja di panti mampu mengaplikasikan latihan relaksasi otot progresif pada lansia.
Gambaran Usia dan Stadium Klinis Pasien Kanker Payudara yang dilakukan Pemeriksaan Imunohistokimia di Rumah Sakit Abdul Wahab Sjahranie pada Tahun 2018
Authors: Yulianto Ade Yusuf , Irawiraman Hadi , Ompusunggu P.M.T. Mangalindung
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACKBreast cancer still occupies the highest incidence of all types of malignancies in women. Based on data recorded at Abdul Wahab Sjahrenie Hospital, 200 new cases are found each year. Immunohistochemical profile examination has been used extensively as a basis for classifying breast cancer molecularly. Expression of hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER-2 found in immunohistochemical examinations are useful for determining therapeutic options that fit the patient's needs. The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the characteristics of the immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer patients in Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital Samarinda in the January-December 2018 period based on age and clinical stage that had been examined by immunohistochemical examination including the expression of ER PR, Ki-67 and HER2. Method: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive study design by taking secondary data from breast cancer patients who had performed immunohistochemical examinations at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital Samarinda in the January 2018 - December 2018 period. From 479 breast cancer patients came to Abdul Wahab Regional Hospital Sjahranie Samarinda, only 177 (37.18%) patients did immunohistochemical examinations. Most patients aged 40-49 were 65 patients (36.7%) had breast cancer, the highest clinical stage IIIB with 92 cases (52%), the Ki-67 with severe highest interpretation, range> 30% with 73 patients (41.2%), more positive ER than negative, in 93 patients (52.5%), while negative examination results 84 patients (47.5%). PR is the same as ER, which is 96 patients (54.2%), while negative examination results are 81 patients (45.8%). Most HER-2 results were negative, in 109 patients (61.6%). In this study the highest number of cases of breast cancer patients ranged between the ages of 40-49 years and at least aged 70 years and above. The clinical stage is most often found in stage IIIB (advanced). Ki-67 examination was found most frequently in severe interpretations. Examination of estrogen receptors is found to be most widely in positive interpretation. Positive progesterone tests to be most widely than negative examinations. Her-2 examination was found to be most widely in negative interpretation

Keywords: Immunohistochemical examination, Hormone receptors, HER-2, Clinical Stadium
The situation of infection in the elderly in Spain: a multidisciplinary opinion document
Authors: Bouza Emilio , Brenes Francisco José , Díez Domingo Javier , Eiros Bouza José María , González José , Gracia Diego , Juárez González Ricardo , Muñoz Patricia , Petidier Torregrossa Roberto , Ribera Casado José Manuel , Ramos Cordero Primitivo , Rodríguez Rovira Eduardo , Sáez Torralba María Eva , Serra Rexach José Antonio , Tovar García Javier , Verdejo Bravo Carlos , Palomo Esteban ,   Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón.
Published: September 2020

Infection in the elderly is a huge issue whose treatment usually has partial and specific approaches. It is, moreover, one of the areas where intervention can have the most success in improving the quality of life of older patients. In an attempt to give the widest possible focus to this issue, the Health Sciences Foundation has convened experts from different areas to produce this position paper on Infection in the Elderly, so as to compare the opinions of expert doctors and nurses, pharmacists, journalists, representatives of elderly associations and concluding with the ethical aspects raised by the issue. The format is that of discussion of a series of pre-formulated questions that were discussed by all those present. We begin by discussing the concept of the elderly, the reasons for their predisposition to infection, the most frequent infections and their causes, and the workload and economic burden they place on society. We also considered whether we had the data to estimate the proportion of these infections that could be reduced by specific programmes, including vaccination programmes. In this context, the limited presence of this issue in the media, the position of scientific societies and patient associations on the issue and the ethical aspects raised by all this were discussed.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN INKLUSIF PONDOK SOSIAL KALIJUDAN SURABAYA
Authors: Rachman Rio Febriannur
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the inclusive policies taken by the Surabaya City Government in handling Children with Special Needs (ABK) and being displaced in the Kalijudan Social Cottage (Pondok Sosial Kalijudan). The question to be answered through this paper is how to implement this policy and its relation to sustainable development goals. To answer these questions, an in-depth study of the data from the Surabaya Social Service, mass media reports, and observation were conducted directly at the Kalijudan Social Cottage. As the result, this policy has formed a system that opens opportunities for ABK and is neglected to achieve. In addition, this policy is in line with a number of points of sustainable development goals launched by the United Nations.
ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSTERNAL PADA PERUSAHAAN START-UP BIDANG PENDIDIKAN: PENGGUNAAN TEKNIK ANALISIS PEST DI CV. BIG EDU INDONESIA
Authors: Maula Nurkholifatul
Published: September 2020

Perkembangan startup di Indonesia semakin meluas karena banyak kesempatan-kesempatan dari dalam negeri maupun luar negeri yang mendukung perkembangan startup. Mulai dari kesempatan investasi dan incubator. Melihat perkembangan startup di Indonesia, rupanya perkembangan startup yang cukup pesat ialah startup dibidang E-commerce. Startup bidang pendidikan pun mulai menyusul eksistensinya. Bisa dilihat dalam perkembangan startup Ruangguru. Untuk meningkatkan eksistensi startup pendidikan, perlu adanya penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan startup pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi startup pendidikan dengan PEST analisis, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pelitian ini dilakukan di perusahaan CV. Big Edu Indonesia sebagai salah satu startup pendidikan yang bergerak dalam bidang riset. adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ialah: faktor-faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi perkembangan startup Big Edu Indonesia ialah: peraturan perundang-undangan dalam riset, kondisi perekonomian Indonesia dan negara-negara di kawasan Asia, kondisi demografi dan geografis masyarakat, serta perkembangan teknologi di dunia.
BUILD ECOSYSTEM: LEADERSHIP STRATEGY IN SANGGAR ANAK ALAM (SALAM) NON-FORMAL SCHOOL IN BANTUL DISTRICT OF YOGAYAKARTA, AS AN EFFORT TO MAINTAIN ITS EXISTENCE
Authors: Fadhilah Putri Zahra
Published: September 2020

Along with the emergence of problems in formal education, such as: inflexible time and teaching and learning process, gave rise to a new innovation of non-formal education programs. However, non-formal education often faces problems in increasing its existence. therefore, this study aims to explore leadership strategies in increasing the existence of non-formal schools. This research was conducted at Sanggar Anak Alam (SALAM) with qualitative methods, and collecting techniques through interviews and observations. SALAM has a significant development, proven by getting an award from America in 1991. It also has several strategies to increase its existence, including: conducting regular parent gatherings, conducting discussions, holding legion and public market programs, and making books.
Porous Carbons Derived from Ginkgo Shell Used for High-Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Wang  , Ying Zhu  , Hailiang Chu  , Shujun Qiu  , Yongjin Zou  , Cuili Xiang  , Huanzhi Zhang  , Kexiang Zhang  , Erhu Yan  , Bin Li  , Dan Cai  , Xiangcheng Lin  , Hongliang Peng  , Xin Wen  , Fen Xu  , Lixian Sun
Published: September 2020

As a renewable biomass and a low-cost crude carbon source, the ginkgo shell is explored for preparing high-value porous carbon via carbonization and the following KOH activation. Structure characterization shows that GSPC has microporous and mesoporous structure with specific surface area (SSA) of up to 1941 m2 g-1 , which exhibits superior capacitive properties. In a three-electrode system by using 6 M KOH as electrolyte, GSPC-700-1:2 could deliver a high specific capacitance of 345 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 . Even at a high current density of 20 A g-1 , the specific capacitance of as high as 280 F g-1 can be still maintained. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device (SCD) is fabricated by GSPC-700-1:2, which exhibits a capacitance retention rate of 83% at 5 A g-1 after 10000 charging/discharging cycles. A power density of 301 W kg-1 is achieved at an energy density of 13 W h kg-1 . The superior electrochemical performance demonstrates that ginkgo shell can function as a new biomass material for the production of porous carbon materials that are used in high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
SPEECH CLICHES IN RUSSIAN AND ARABIC IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF «REQUEST» INTENTION)
Authors: Калинина Галина Сергеевна
Published: September 2020

В данной статье рассматриваются национальные лингвокультурные особенности студентов казанских вузов с родным арабским языком, изучается знание русского речевого этикета у арабских студентов в сравнении с родным, выявляются отличительные элементы и особенности употребления устойчивых клишированных фраз русского речевого этикета студентами арабами на примере смоделированной ситуации с интенцией «просьба» путем онлайн-опроса (анкетирования), в котором приняли участие студенты, обучающиеся на подготовительном отделении. Данное исследование является актуальным, поскольку иностранные студенты нуждаются в изучении русского речевого этикета для общения в образовательной среде с преподавателями и студентами во избежание неловких ситуаций, недопонимания и обиды. Преподавателям также необходимо знать основные аспекты иностранного речевого этикета и поведения для их правильной интерпретации. В целом на этом этапе исследуются специфические и универсальные формы двух культур. Опрос проводился с целью рассмотрения культурно-этнических особенностей речевого этикета, построения предложений (как студенты образуют предложения и видоизменяют их), владения моделями (клише) русского речевого этикета. Был использован сравнительный метод исследования для выявления универсальных и специфических особенностей употребления форм речевого этикета арабскими студентами на русском языке.

This article discusses the national linguo-cultural distinctions of Arab students studying in Kazan universities; studies the knowledge of the Russian speech etiquette by Arab students in comparison with their knowledge of the Arab speech etiquette; identifies the distinctive features in the sustainable use of the cliche phrases in the Russian speech etiquette by foreign Arab students on the example of the simulation of the «request» intention through an online poll (questionnaire) among the students of the preparatory department. The relevance of the study is conditioned by foreign students’ need of learning the Russian speech etiquette to communicate with lecturers and students in an educational environment, and to avoid embarrassing situations and misunderstandings. Lecturers also need to know the basics of a foreign speech etiquette and behavior to correctly interpret them. In general, this stage of the study explores some specific and universal forms of the two cultures. The author conducted the survey to examine cultural and ethnic features of speech etiquette, the way foreign students compose sentences, their knowledge of models (cliches) of the Russian speech etiquette. The author employed a comparative method to identify universal and specific features of the use of forms of the Russian speech etiquette by Arab students.
SUGGESTION SPEECH STRATEGIES IN FRENCH BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Метелькова Лилия Александровна , Игнатьева Анна Анатольевна
Published: September 2020

В данной статье дается определение понятиям «внушение» и «речевая стратегия», а также приводятся примеры использования речевых стратегий внушения доверия на французском языке, применяемых в деловой переписке. Кроме этого, авторы дают характеристику речевой стратегии внушения, отмечая, что, вместо того чтобы непосредственно давать собеседнику инструкции к выполнению какой-либо задачи, можно растворить указание в структуре французского предложения. Детально рассматриваются техники, используемые при подаче собеседнику скрытых команд. На выбор лексики и грамматических форм влияет та информация, которой коммуникант владеет еще до начала общения (предстоящем речевом общении; когнитивных прессуппозициях; возникшей ситуации или контексте). Стратегия внушения реализуется определенными способами: прямыми (императивными) и косвенными, преднамеренными и непреднамеренными, а также предполагает позиции, на которые должен опираться коммуникант (устранение следов суждения и личной оценки; более или менее осознанный выбор определенной позиции при аргументации или выборе слов с помощью их модализации, присущей человеческой речи; позиция на расстоянии, которая заставила бы коммуниканта принять определенные установки, опираясь на нейтральное отношение специалиста, безэмоционально анализирующего предмет разговора, как это сделал бы тот или иной эксперт). Исходя из этого, целью настоящего исследования является анализ речевых стратегий внушения в деловой переписке на французском языке.

This article defines the concepts of suggestion and speech strategy, as well as provides the examples of the use of suggestion speech strategies in French business correspondence. In addition, the authors characterize the suggestion speech strategy, stressing that one can «dissolve» the request in the structure of the French sentence instead of directly giving instructions to the interlocutor. The authors also consider the techniques of giving hidden commands to the interlocutor. The information that the communicant possesses before the communication act (upcoming speech communication; cognitive presuppositions; context) determine the choice of vocabulary and grammatical forms. The suggestion speech strategy is implemented in several ways: direct (imperative) and indirect, intentional and unintentional, and also involves the positions which the communicant should rely on (eliminating traces of judgment and personal assessment; more or less conscious choice of a certain position when arguing or choosing words by modalizing them; a distant position that would force a communicant to accept certain attitudes, relying on a neutral attitude of a specialist who can impartially analyze the subject of the conversation). Based on this, the purpose of this study is to analyze the speech strategies of suggestion in French business correspondence.
DESIGNING YOUTUBE VIDEOS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH PHONETICS TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Колесникова Александра Николаевна , Войнов Александр Валерьевич
Published: September 2020

Настоящая статья посвящена вопросу совершенствования фонетических навыков на английском языке в старшей школе в условиях существования определенных требований к степени сформированности произносительных навыков, которые представлены в таких нормативных образовательных документах, как Федеральный государственный образовательный стандарт среднего общего образования, общеевропейские рамочные компетенции на уровне В1, кодификатор и спецификатор единого государственного экзамена, которые регулируют обучение иностранному языку в старшей школе и сдачу, оценку и проведение устной части ЕГЭ по данному иностранному языку. Выявлено несоответствие между требованиями нормативных документов и методическим обеспечением, необходимым для формирования устойчивых произносительных навыков в старшей школе. Анализ учебников, рекомендованных Министерством просвещения, определил острую необходимость в дополнении программы блоком по практической фонетике. В статье предложено методическое решение для дополнения школьной программы 10-11-х классов курсом по фонетике английского языка на базе интернет-платформы YouTube, выбор которой обусловлен ее популярностью (приведены результаты последних статистических исследований) и тем, что интеграция видеоуроков по фонетике английского языка на базе платформы YouTube с задействованием принципов игрового обучения имеет целый ряд дидактических функций. В статье сформулированы принципы создания обучающих видео, которые могут лечь в основу разработки курса по фонетике английского языка.

This article focuses on the improvement of English phonetic skills at high school students in terms of the requirements of the Federal State of the General Secondary Education, Common European Framework References for Languages (Level B1), codifier and specifier of the Unified State Exam, which regulate both the Foreign Language curriculum at high school and the Speaking Part of the Unified State Exam in English. The authors revealed a gap between the requirements of the normative documents and insufficient methodological support of teaching phonetics at high school. The analysis of the textbooks recommended by the Ministry of Education revealed the acute need to provide the curriculum with exercises in practical phonetics. The authors suggest the methodical solution on providing the tenth- and eleventh-grade curriculum with the course on the English phonetics based on the Internet YouTube platform. The choice of the platform is conditioned by its popularity and by the fact that the integration of YouTube video lessons on the English phonetics has a number of didactic functions. The article also provides some didactic principles to follow when designing YouTube videos for teaching phonetics to high school students.
CONDITIONS FOR PROMOTION OF ARTISTIC CREATIVITY AT ETHNO-CULTURAL CENTER
Authors: Соколова Светлана Георгиевна
Published: September 2020

В статье обоснована актуальность исследования, выявлены противоречия, обозначена проблема исследования. Дано определение понятий «художественное творчество» и «народное художественное творчество». Сделана попытка классифицировать и систематизировать формы и виды народного художественного творчества. Выявлены особенности художественного творчества чувашского народа, проявляющиеся в различных формах и жанрах народного творчества. Определена правовая основа регулирования художественного творчества населения. Обозначены критериальные признаки, определяющие его виды, а также проблемы, которые необходимо разрешить для организации художественного творчества сельского населения. Выявлены условия активизации художественного творчества в этнокультурном центре: строить работу на базе существующих нормативно-правовых документов; систематически изучать социокультурные проблемы, вопросы востребованности культурно-досуговых услуг населением, состояния деятельности этнокультурных центров по организации художественного творчества населения села, деревни. Описаны методы организации художественного творчества населения как условия его активизации.

The article substantiates the relevance of the study, reveals the contradictions, identifies the research problem, gives the definition of the concepts of artistic creativity and folk art. It also makes an attempt classify and systematize the forms and types of folk art, reveals the features of artistic creativity of the Chuvash people which is manifested in various forms and genres of folk art. The paper identifies the legal basis for regulation of artistic creativity of the population and the criteria that determine the types of artistic creativity, as well as the problems that must be resolved to organize artistic creativity of rural population. The author identified the conditions for the promotion of artistic creativity at the ethno-cultural center. They are to work on the basis of existing regulatory documents, to systematically study socio-cultural issues, the demand for cultural and leisure services, the activity of ethno-cultural centers on the organization of artistic creativity of rural population. The author also determined the methods of organization of artistic creativity of rural population as the conditions for the promotion of artistic creativity.
The Alignment of Satellite Systems with Cosmic Filaments in the SDSS DR12
Authors: Wang 王 Peng 鹏 , Libeskind Noam I. , Tempel Elmo , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Kang 康 Xi 熙 , Guo 郭 Quan 铨
Published: September 2020

Galaxies, as well as their satellites, are known to form within the cosmic web, the large, multi-scale distribution of matter in the universe. It is known that the surrounding large-scale structure (LSS) can impact and influence the formation of galaxies, e.g., the spin and shape of halos or galaxies are correlated with the LSS and the correlation depends on halo mass or galaxy morphology. In this work, we use group and filament catalogs constructed from the SDSS DR12 to investigate the correlation between satellite systems and the large-scale filaments they are located in. We find that the distribution of satellites is significantly correlated with filaments, namely the major axis of the satellite systems are preferentially aligned with the spine of the closest filament. Stronger alignment signals are found for the cases where the system is far from the filament spine, while systems close to the filament spine show significantly weaker alignment. Our results suggest that satellites are accreted along filaments, which agrees with previous works. The case where the system is far from the filament spine may help us to understand how the filament forms as well as the peculiar satellite distribution in the local universe.
Abundances and Charge States of Heavy Ions in ICMEs Highly Related to Speed and Solar Activity
Authors: Gu Chaoran , Yao Shuo , Dai Lei
Published: September 2020

This statistical work studies the abundances and the charge states of the carbon, oxygen, and iron ions in 281 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) measured at 1 au by ACE spacecraft from 1998 to 2011. The Gaussian distribution test is applied, and the analysis of variance is used to quantify the similarity between two distributions of ionic charge states and abundances. The correlation coefficient is calculated to reveal the dependence of the abundances and the mean charge of heavy ions on the solar activity. The results show that the mean charge, the abundance, and the speed at 1 au are highly related to the sunspot number (SN). The O7+/O6+ shows statistical difference between the high speed and the low speed groups of ICMEs. Different from the cold materials inside ICMEs, the mean charge of carbon ions shows a positive relation to that of oxygen ions. The Mg/O in the studied ICMEs are much higher than that in the solar wind. Three types of charge distribution of C, O, and Fe ions are summarized. The fraction of each of the three types is related to the solar minimum or the solar maximum. The mean charge and the flux of oxygen ions show quasi-linear relations to the SN during solar minimum, and show fluctuations during maximum. The results reveal that the solar activity, which represents the solar magnetic field status by nature, controls the composition of heavy ions in ICMEs.
First Constraints on Compact Dark Matter from Fast Radio Burst Microstructure
Authors: Sammons Mawson W. , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Ekers Ron D. , Shannon Ryan M. , Cho Hyerin , Prochaska J. Xavier , Deller Adam T. , Day Cherie K.
Published: September 2020

Despite existing constraints, it remains possible that up to 35% of all dark matter is comprised of compact objects, such as the black holes in the 10–100 M
⊙ range whose existence has been confirmed by LIGO. The strong gravitational lensing of transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts has been suggested as a more sensitive probe for compact dark matter than intensity fluctuations observed in microlensing experiments. Recently the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder has reported burst substructure down to 15 μs timescales in FRBs in the redshift range 0.3–0.5. We investigate here the implications of this for the detectability of compact dark matter by FRBs. We find that a sample size of ∼130 FRBs would be required to constrain compact dark matter to less than the existing 35% limit with 95% confidence, if it were distributed along ≳1 Gpc-long FRB sightlines through the cosmic web. Conversely, existing constraints on the fraction of compact dark matter permit as many as 1 in ≈40 of all z ≲ 0.4 FRBs to exhibit microlensed burst structure. Approximately 170 FRBs intercepting halos within ∼50 kpc would be required to exclude the fraction of compact dark matter in each intercepted halo to a similar level. Furthermore, we consider the cumulative effects of lensing of the FRB signal by a macroscopic dark matter distribution. We conclude that lensing from a uniform distribution of compact objects is likely not observable, but suggest that FRBs may set meaningful limits on power-law distributions of dark matter.
Energy Transfer by Nonlinear Alfvén Waves in the Solar Chromosphere and Its Effect on Spicule Dynamics, Coronal Heating, and Solar Wind Acceleration
Authors: Sakaue Takahito , Shibata Kazunari
Published: September 2020

Alfvén waves are responsible for the transfer of magnetic energy in magnetized plasma. They are involved in heating the solar atmosphere and driving solar wind through various nonlinear processes. Because the magnetic field configurations directly affect the nonlinearity of Alfvén waves, it is important to investigate how they relate to the solar atmosphere and wind structure through the nonlinear propagation of Alfvén waves. In this study, we carried out one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to realize the above relation. The results show that when the nonlinearity of Alfvén waves in the chromosphere exceeds a critical value, the dynamics of the solar chromosphere (e.g., spicule) and the mass-loss rate of solar wind tend to be independent of the energy input from the photosphere. In a situation where the Alfvén waves are highly nonlinear, the strong shear torsional flow generated in the chromosphere “fractures” the magnetic flux tube. This corresponds to the formation of chromospheric intermediate shocks, which limit the transmission of the Poynting flux into the corona by Alfvén waves and also inhibits the propagation of chromospheric slow shock.
The Red Supergiant Binary Fraction of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. , Levesque Emily M. , Massey Philip , Morrell Nidia I. , Drout Maria R.
Published: September 2020

The binary fraction of unevolved massive stars is thought to be 70%–100% but there are few observational constraints on the binary fraction of the evolved version of a subset of these stars, the red supergiants (RSGs). Here we identify a complete sample of RSGs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using new spectroscopic observations and archival UV, IR, and broadband optical photometry. We find 4090 RSGs with

, with 1820 of them having

, which we believe is our completeness limit. We additionally spectroscopically confirmed 38 new RSG + B-star binaries in the LMC, bringing the total known up to 55. We then estimated the binary fraction using a k-nearest neighbors algorithm that classifies stars as single or binary based on photometry with a spectroscopic sample as a training set. We take into account observational biases such as line-of-sight stars and binaries in eclipse while also calculating model-dependent corrections for RSGs with companions that our observations were not designed to detect. Based on our data, we find an initial result of

for RSGs with O- or B-type companions. Using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis models to correct for unobserved systems, this corresponds to a total RSG binary fraction of

. This number is in broad agreement with what we would expect given an initial OB binary distribution of 70%, a predicted merger fraction of 20%–30%, and a binary interaction fraction of 40%–50%.
Hypocalcemia in sepsis: analysis of the subcellular distribution of Ca2+ in septic rats and LPS/TNF-α-treated HUVECs
Authors: He Wencheng , Huang Lei , Luo Hua , Zang Yang , An Youzhong , Zhang Weixing
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Hypocalcemia has been widely recognized in sepsis patients. However, the cause of hypocalcemia in sepsis is still not clear, and little is known about the subcellular distribution of Ca2+ in tissues during sepsis.

Methodology: We measured the dynamic change in Ca2+ levels in body fluid and subcellular compartments, including the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, in major organs of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-operated rats, as well as the subcellular Ca2+ flux in HUVECs which treated by endotoxin and cytokines.

Results: In the model of CLP-induced sepsis, the blood and urinary Ca2+ concentrations decreased rapidly, while the Ca2+ concentration in ascites fluid increased. The Ca2+ concentrations in the cytosol, ER, and mitochondria were elevated nearly synchronously in major organs in our sepsis model. Moreover, the calcium overload in CLP-operated rats treated with calcium supplementation was more severe than that in the non-calcium-supplemented rats but was alleviated by treatment with the calcium channel blocker verapamil. Similar subcellular Ca2+ flux was found in vitro in HUVECs and was triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/TNF-α.

Conclusions: Ca2+ influx from the blood into the intercellular space and Ca2+ release into ascites fluid may cause hypocalcemia in sepsis and that this process may be due to the synergistic effect of endotoxin and cytokines.
Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
Authors: Mohamed Khalil
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii); an intracellular obligate parasite causes abortion in humans and animals. The review aims to clarify the situation of the disease in humans and animals in different parts of the country so that data will be available for any future work regarding the control of the disease.

Methodology: All humans and animal research studies published in the last 18 years between 2000 and 2018 in Saudi Arabia were targeted, including prevalence or seroprevalence of T. gondii infection or antibodies. The searched strategy included human or pregnant women or children as well as animals or any particular species.

Results: The result showed that approximately one-third of the population in Saudi Arabia had IgG seropositivity, and 6.4% had IgM seropositivity. Moreover, the disease was widespread in almost all the regions except AL- Jouf, where no data published. The prevalence of the chronic infection was high in sheep in Riyadh 68%, and the prevalence of acute was found in Najran 19% in sheep, goats, and camels.

Conclusions: The current article showed the importance of the disease in Saudi Arabia for both humans and animals. The educational programs should be established to impart people to avoid the infection by the parasite.
COVID-19 pandemic in resource-poor countries: challenges, experiences and opportunities in Ghana
Authors: Afriyie Daniel Kwame , Asare George Awuku , Amponsah Seth Kwabena , Godman Brian
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is seen world-wide. In developing countries, adequate health facilities and staff numbers are a concern. Ghana recorded its first 2 cases of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020. On 30 March 2020, a partial lockdown for 14 days was imposed and later extended along with other measures. By the end of the initial lockdown, 19 April 2020, an estimated 86,000 people had been traced and 68,591 tests performed. Of the 68,591 tests, there were 1,042 (1.5%) positive cases, 9 deaths, and 99 recoveries, with Ghana ranked number one among African countries in administering tests per million people. Ghana’s effective track and trace system, as well as lockdown and other measures, have helped limit mortality with only 85 recorded deaths by 23 June 2020. Scientists from three facilities of the University of Ghana have also successfully sequenced the genomes of COVID-19 from 15 confirmed cases, and the Food and Drugs Authority in Ghana have also helped address shortages by fast-tracking certification of hand sanitizers and local production of 3.6 million standardized personal protective equipment. There has also been the development of prototypes of locally-manufactured mechanical ventilators to meet local need at intensive care units. Most people have also resorted to changing diets and the use of supplements to boost their immune system. Although initial results are encouraging, further research is needed to understand the dynamics of COVID-19 in Ghana and provide additional guidance.