bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesogenic Properties of Tricyclic 2,5-Di(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)tropones. Increasing Smectic Thermal Stabilities by the Lateral Polar Carbonyl Group
Authors: Mori Akira , Taya Hisashi , Uchida Minoru , Takeshita Hitoshi
Published: March 2006

2,5-Di(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)tropones showed similar mesogenic properties to the corresponding benzenoids. The tropone carbonyl group, which behaved as a polar lateral substituent, enhanced the thermal stability of the smectic phases and reduced that of the nematic phases when compared with those of the benzenoids. The tropone carbonyl group induced an intermolecular attractive force.
Alkyllithium-Mediated Anomalous Trimerization of 2,6-Xylyl Isocyanide
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Ito Hajime , Ito Yoshihiko
Published: March 2006

The reaction of alkyllithium with 2,6-xylyl isocyanide led to the trimerization of the isocyanide to afford an indole derivative. The anomalous reaction pattern provided inference about the structural features of the intermediate organolithium species.
Remarkable Rate Enhancement Effect of the o-Methoxy Group in the Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Phosphorus of Phosphine–Boranes
Authors: Imamoto Tsuneo , Tsuruta Hideyuki
Published: March 2006

A remarkable rate enhancement effect of the o-methoxy group is observed in the nucleophilic substitution reactions at the phosphorus of phosphine–boranes.
Formation of a DNA/polygalactosamine Complex and Its Interaction with Cells
Authors: Sato Toshinori , Shirakawa Nobuaki , Nishi Hirotaka , Okahata Yoshio
Published: March 2006

DNA complexes with naturally occurring polysaccharides, polygalactosamine or chitosan, were formed in water. Thermal profiles, CD spectrum, zeta-potentials, and cell uptake were investigated. The DNA/polygalactosamine complex showed higher cell uptake than DNA/chitosan complex did.
Multi-Site Binding of Aqueous Dipeptides by Mixed Monolayers at the Air-Water Interface
Authors: Cha Xiao , Ariga Katsuhiko , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: March 2006

Aqueous dipeptides are bound to two-component monolayers which contain oligopeptide polar units together with benzoic acid or pyridine head groups. Binding of guest dipeptides to the mixed monolayers depends specifically on the nature of interfacial cavities which can be controlled by combination of polar head groups. The binding ratio is lessened with increasing sizes of the side chain of the Y residue in the Gly-Y dipeptide moiety of the host amphiphiles.
Selective Transport of Saccharides through a Bulk Liquid Membrane Using Reversed Micelle Carriers
Authors: Kida Toshiyuki , Furue Daisuke , Masuyama Araki , Nakatsuji Yohji , Ikeda Isao
Published: March 2006

d-Ribose was selectively transported from a mixture of d-ribose, d-glucose, and d-fructose through a bulk liquid membrane including reversed micelles. Among amphiphiles examined in this study, a gluconamide-type amphiphile was found to form the best carrier from the point of both the selectivity and the velocity.
Elucidation of Sulfur Behavior on Alumina-Supported Ruthenium Sulfide-Cesium Catalysts Using Radioactive 35S as a Tracer
Authors: Ishihara Atsushi , Yamaguchi Masato , Godo Hideki , Qian Weihua , Godo Masazumi , Kabe Toshiaki
Published: March 2006

In hydrodesulfurization of 35S-labeled dibenzothiophene over alumina-supported ruthenium sulfide-cesium catalysts, the role of cesium was elucidated by tracing the behavior of 35S on the working ruthenium catalysts; the addition of cesium increased the catalytic activity by strengthening Ru-S bonds of ruthenium sulfide. It is suggested that there is an optimum Ru-S bond strength to obtain the high catalytic activity.
Oxidative Synthesis of Higher Hydrocarbons from CO2 and CH4 by Streamer Discharges
Authors: Liu Changjun
Published: March 2006

An experimental investigation on oxidative synthesis of ethane and ethylene from CH4 using CO2 as an oxidant has been performed by streamer discharge reactions, which are initiated by an AC electric field. This gas discharge promotes the methane conversion to reach a high yield of C2 hydrocarbons of 20%∼45% with a methane conversion of 25%∼80% and a conversion of carbon dioxide of 8%∼40%. The reactions for these conversions are: 2CH4 + CO2 → C2H6 + CO + H2O and 2CH4 + 2CO2 → C2H4 + 2CO + 2 H2O. A possible pathway of C2 formation was also present in this letter.
Supported Gold Catalysts Derived from Gold Complexes and As-Precipitated Metal Hydroxides, Highly Active for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation
Authors: Yuan Youzhu , Asakura Kiyotaka , Wan Huilin , Tsai Khirui , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: March 2006

Supported gold catalysts were prepared by attaching phosphine-stabilized gold complex and cluster on as-precipitated metal hydroxides M(OH)*X (M = Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+), followed by thermal decomposition and calcination. The obtained catalysts were remarkably active for CO oxidation at low temperatures below 273 K.
Some Mechanistic Evidence for an Oxygen Transfer Reaction Accompanied by the Redox-Induced Nitrito-Nitro Linkage Isomerization of Ruthenium Complex Having Nitrosyl, cis-[Ru(NO)(X)(bpy)2]2+ (X = ONO, NO2)
Authors: Ooyama Dai , Nagao Hirotaka , Nagao Noriharu , Howell F Scott , Mukaida Masao
Published: March 2006

An oxygen transfer between the NO and the ONO ligands occurs in cis-[Ru(NO)(ONO)(bpy)2]2+ when the complex undergoes a redox-induced nitrito-to-nitro linkage isomerization. Such an oxygen transfer does not occur in a themally-induced linkage isomerization reported previously.
Control of Adsorption by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru , Kim Yoon-Kab , Kenmizaki Chihiro , Kushiyama Satoshi , Mizuno Koichi
Published: March 2006

The process of gas adsorption is controlled only by temperature and pressure. When these parameters are fixed, the adsorption capability and selectivity cannot be changed. The microwave has characteristics to excite particular components such as water without destroying it. Thus, using microwaves, we have studied the adsorption of CFCs on zeolite from gas mixtures containing water which interferes with the adsoption. It was found that CFCs adsorption improved outstandingly when adsorption was conducted under microwave irradiation.
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Dinuclear Carbonyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Pyridine-2,6-diyl-2-acetyl-6-methyl Group as an η2(C,N):η1(C)-Bridging Ligand
Authors: Shimizu Mayumi , Nakamura Yukio , Tadokoro Makoto
Published: March 2006

Three new dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes bridged by a pyridine-2,6-diyl-2-acetyl-6-methyl group were prepared by thermal reaction of 2,6-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine with [Ru3(CO)12] followed by reactions with methanol and triphenylphosphine, respectively, and the crystal structures of two of them were determined by X-ray analyses.
Synthesis and Properties of Chiral Calixarene Analogs Bridged by a (R,R)-Cystine Unit
Authors: Ito Kazuaki , Ohba Yoshihiro , Sone Tyo
Published: March 2006

The chiral calixarene analogs bridged by a (R,R)-cystine unit were synthesized. NMR studies reveal that the phenol-formaldehyde moieties of the macrocycles adopt a chiral helical geometry induced by the cystine bridge and the macrocycles form a twisted concave. This helicity is enhanced at low temperature.
Wave Packet Simulation on the Cage Effect in the Full Scattering : CF3H + Ar(3P) → CF3* + H + Ar
Authors: Takahashi Hideaki , Kasai Toshio , Yamaguchi Kizashi
Published: March 2006

The orientation-dependent wave packet dynamics was investigated for the dissociative energy transfer reaction : CF3H + Ar(3P) → CF3* + H + Ar. Wave packets were propagated numerically by the Chebychev scheme recently developed by Kosloff et al. The calculation was done for the two orientations of CF3H, one is the H-end orientation and another is the CF3-end orientation under the collinear geometry. The results showed clear orientation dependence in the dissociation process. The H-end orientation seems to give a quantum effect, while the CF3-end does not.
Preparation of Poly(β-malic acid) by Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzyl β-Malolactonate
Authors: Matsumura Shuichi , Beppu Hideki , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Osanai Shuichi , Toshima Kazunobu
Published: March 2006

Poly(β-malic acid) was prepared by lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of benzyl β-malolactonate with subsequent debenzylation. Benzyl β-malolactonate was readily polymerized by porcine pancreatic lipase or Novozyme 435 lipase at 60 °C to yield poly(benzyl β-malate) having a molecular weight of greater than 7000.
Gel to Liquid Crystal Phase Transition of Black Lipid Films in Air as Studied by FT-IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tano Takanori , Umemura Junzo
Published: March 2006

FT-IR spectra of black lipid films formed by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) in air were recorded at various temperatures for the first time. Black lipid films drawn from a DMPC aqueous dispersion and a DMPC + 0.1 MCaCl2 aqueous dispersion showed the gel to liquid crystal phase transition at about 24 and 27 °C, respectively.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (+)-Cubitene
Authors: Kodama Mitsuaki , Maeda Hana , Hioki Hideaki
Published: March 2006

Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-(8R,10R)-cubitene has been achieved starting from d-mannitol and the absolute configuration of natural cubitene isolated from termites has been determined to be 8R, 10R.
Diarylethene Modified Electrode Device. Photoswitching of the Electron Transfer of a Diarylethene with Long Alkyl Chains Embedded in a Lipid Cast Film on an Electrode
Authors: Nakashima Naotoshi , Deguchi Yonekazu , Nakanishi Takashi , Uchida Kingo , Irie Masahiro
Published: March 2006

An electroactive diarylethene compound, 1 was synthesized and was embedded in a cast film of a lipid film on an electrode. This electrode device was found to possess a light-triggered optical and electrochemical switching function.
Highly Selective Formation of 2-Aminophenoxazin-3-one by Catalytic Oxygenation of o-Aminophenol
Authors: Maruyama Kazushige , Moriguchi Takesi , Mashino Takahiro , Nishinaga Akira
Published: March 2006

2-Aminophenol readily undergoes highly selective Co(salen) catalyzed oxygenation in methanol at room temperature resulting unexpectedly in the quantitative formation of 2-Aminophenoxazin-3-one. The oxygenation of substituted 2-aminophenols provides useful information to discuss the reaction path.
Ordered Self-Assembly of Nanosize Polystyrene Aggregates on Mica
Authors: Karthaus Olaf , Ijiro Kuniharu , Shimomura Masatsugu
Published: March 2006

The formation of ordered patterns of nanosize polystyrene aggregates was observed by atomic force scopy. The samples were prepared by simply rinsing a mica surface with a dilute polymer solution in benzene.
N,N-Dialkylation of Aminocarbene Complexes under Phase-Transfer Conditions
Authors: Zhao Li , Matsuyama Haruo , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: March 2006

The reaction of amide anions derived from aminocarbene complexes with alkyl halides under phase-transfer conditions has been investigated. The reaction of aminocarbene complexes of chromium and tungsten with α,ω-dihaloalkanes in the presence of sodium hydroxide and tetrabutylammonium bromide in dichloromethane-water produces azetidine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine and dihydroisoindole derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Effective Hydrocracking of 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene Catalyzed by Palladium- and Nickel-Co-Loaded Y-type Zeolite
Authors: Kaneda Kazuyoshi , Wada Takema , Murata Satoru , Nomura Masakatsu
Published: March 2006

Palladium- and nickel-co-loaded Y-type zeolite was examined for the catalyst of hydrocracking of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene at 320–340 °C for 1–2 h under 70 kg/cm2 of an H2 pressure. Under the conditions, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene was almost completely converted to gases (C2-C4), benzene and cyclohexane derivatives, and H2S.
Stepwise Adsorption of Metal Alkoxides on Hydrolyzed Surfaces : A Surface Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Ichinose Izumi , Senzu Hiroyuki , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: March 2006

Ultrathin films of TiO2-based gel were prepared by repeating adsorption of titanium(IV) butoxide (Ti(O-nBu)4) and subsequent hydrolysis of the surface. Linear film growth was observed for at least 20 cycles, as monitored by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Similar thin films were prepared from aluminum(III) butoxide (Al(O-nBu)3), zirconium (IV) propoxide (Zr(O-nPr)4), niobium(V) butoxide (Nb(O-nBu)5), tetramethyl orthosilicate (Si(O-Me)4), and their combinations.
A New Anion Receptor Based on (Trisubstituted cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Uno Mitsunari , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: March 2006

New cationic (trisubstituted cyclopentadienyl)(cymene)ruthenium(II) complexes were prepared and shown to form host-guest complexes with various anions, providing the first examples of the anion receptors based on cationic ruthenium complexes.
Bissilyl Ketone; A Convenient Method for the Synthesis and Its Pd(0) Catalyzed Reaction with Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Yamane Motoki , Iwata Masahiro , Saito Nobuo , Narasaka Koichi
Published: March 2006

A convenient method for the preparation of a bissilyl ketone is developed via a bissilyl ketone acetal as its percursor. The bissilyl ketone reacts with electron deficient alkynes and alkenes in the presence of Pd(0) catalyst to give bis-silylated products.
Chemoselectivity in the Intramolecular Aza-Wittig Reaction of N-[2-(Trisubstituted-phosphoranylidene)aminobenzoyl]-2-pyridone-5-carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Okawa Tomohiro , Sugimori Toshiyuki , Eguchi Shoji , Kakehi Akikazu
Published: March 2006

The intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction of (5S)-N-[2-(trisubstituted-phosphoranylidene)aminobenzoyl]-2-pyridone-5-carboxylic acid derivatives chemoselectively gave 5-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepinone derivatives or 5(1H)-pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolinone derivatives depending on the substituents.
Highly Stereoselective Chelation-Controlled Allylation and Deuteration of α-Chiral α,α′-Dialkoxy Radicals
Authors: Nagano Hajime , Azuma Yukiko
Published: March 2006

Diastereoselectivity in the radical mediated allylation and deuteration reactions of β-chiral β-alkoxy-α-bromoaldehyde dimethyl acetals and a relaed alkoxy bromide were remarkably enhanced when the reactions were conducted in the presence of Lewis acid (MgBr2·OEt2 for allylation; MgI2 for deuteration).
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Property of Heterocyclic Pyridinium Betaine Dispersed in Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Nemoto Nobukatsu , Abe Jiro , Miyata Fusae , Hasegawa Makoto , Shirai Yasuo , Nagase Yu
Published: March 2006

A new class of second-order nonlinear optical meterial: 2-[1-(4-butylpyridinio)]benzimidazolate dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated by the Maker fringe method using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), indicating that the poled film exhibited the second-order nonlinear optical coefficient, d33, of 1.8 ± 0.2 pm V−1.
Atomic Force Microscopic Observation of Random Molecular Arrangement in Dialkyl Guanidinium Monolayer
Authors: Oishi Yushi , Kato Takayuki , Kuramori Miyuki , Suehiro Kazuaki , Ariga Katsuhiko , Kamino Ayumi , Koyano Hiroshi , Kunitake Toyoki
Published: March 2006

Molecular arrangement in an amorphous monolayer which was prepared on pure water at 293 K and transferred onto a mica substrate, was successfully observed for the first time with an atomic force microscope (AFM) in the case of dialkyl guanidinium, DG.
Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals Having a Chiral Ring Structure
Authors: Kusumoto Tetsuo , Ogino Kumiko , Hiyama Tamejiro , Isozaki Tadaaki , Suzuki Yoshiichi
Published: March 2006

Liquid crystalline compound having a chiral trans-2-pentylcyclopentyl ester group exhibited stable antiferroelectric chiral smectic C phase whereas its cis isomer showed an unidentified smectic phase.
Photoinduced Intra- and Inter-Molecular Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction of 1-Methylanthraquinone
Authors: Hamana Tetsuya , Miki Sadao , Hamanoue Kumao
Published: March 2006

The intramolecular hydrogen-atom abstraction in the lowest excited singlet and triplet states of 1-methylanthraquinone yields 9-hydroxy-1,10-anthraquinone-1-methide. The lowest excited triplet state at room temperature also abstracts a hydrogen atom from ethanol yielding 1-methyl-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene.
Synthesis of a Novel Organometallic Dendrimer with a Backbone Composed of Platinum-Acetylide Units
Authors: Ohshiro Nobuaki , Takei Fumie , Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: March 2006

Novel organometallic dendrimers containing platinum-acetylide units in the main chain have been synthesized using 1,3,5-triethynyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (4) as a bridging ligand up to a nonanuclear complex (8).
One-step Synthesis of 2,11,20-N,N′,N″-Tribenzyl-2,11,20-triaza[3.3.3](2,6)pyridinophane. Reinvestigation of the Reaction of Benzylamine with 2,6-Bis(bromomethyl)pyridine
Authors: Lee Geunsu , Miyahara Yuji , Inazu Takahiko
Published: March 2006

The reaction of benzylamine with 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine has now been found to provide the trimeric title compound as the major product instead of the reported dimer. When the reaction was conducted in two steps, a new tetrameric pyridinophane was isolated as the major product.
Cadmium Acetate Mediated Cenversion of Selenothioic Acid S-Alkyl Esters to Selenophenes and Ketene Selenothioacetals
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Fujii Makiko , Kanda Takahiro , Kato Shinzi
Published: March 2006

Selenothioic acid S-alkyl esters were treated with Et3N and Cd(OAc)2·2H2O to give symmetrically substituted selenophenes, whereas the similar reaction in the presence of alkyl halides afforded ketene selenothioacetals in moderate yields.
Ab Initio Computer Modelling of Basic Units in Zeolite Frameworks
Authors: Sato Mitsuo , Uehara Hirofumi
Published: March 2006

A new computer modelling system for derivation of basic units in zeolite frameworks was developed on the basis of graph theory and molecular simulation. In the first step, all the kinds of concentric clusters(CCL) were derived on the basis of graph theory, and in the second step, three dimensional models of them were constructed by means of molecular mechanics simulation. In the 2nd CCLs, all the combinations of 4- and 5-membered rings in zeolite frameworks were realized systematically.
Formation of Organogels by Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding between Ureylene Segment
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Shimura Kouji , Hirose Kazunori , Kimura Mutsumi , Shirai Hirofusa
Published: March 2006

Low-molecular weight compounds having ureylene segment was able to cause physical gelation in organic solvents. The main driving force for gelation was intermolecular hydrogen bonding between ureylene units.
Optical Resolution of Planar-Chiral Cyclopentadienyl-Rhodium and -Iron Complexes by Liquid Chromatography Using Aqueous β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Morimoto Yasushi , Ando Katsuhiro , Uno Mitsunari , Takahashi Shigetoshi
Published: March 2006

Racemates of planar-chiral cyclopentadienyl-rhodium and -iron complexes, Cp′Rh(cod) and Cp′Fe(CO)2Y (Cp′: trisubstituted cyclopentadienyls, Y = alkyl or halogen) are optically resolved on a preparative scale into enantiomers with efficincies of 100 and 50%ee, respectively, by liquid chromatography on a polyamide column using aqueous β-cyclodextrin as a mobile phase.
A Novel Three-Dimensional Cyano-Linked Metal-Complex Host Clathrate [{Cd(imH)}{Cd(CN)3(imH)}{Cd(CN)3}]·C6H6 (imH = imidazole): X-Ray Single Crystal Structure and Solid State 113Cd and 2H NMR
Authors: Kim Chong-Hyeak , Soma Takayoshi , Nishikiori Shin-ichi , Iwamoto Toschitake
Published: March 2006

The title clathrate involves imidazole-ligated octahedral and tetrahedral Cd atoms along with CN-only-ligated tetrahedral Cd linked by CN bridges to one another to give a three-dimensional host framework in which the guest benzene molecule takes a uniaxial reorientational motion about the molecular sixfold axis.
Noble Selectivity Change in the Hydrogenation of CO over Palladium Membrane Catalysts
Authors: Naito Shuichi , Amemiya Noriyuki
Published: March 2006

Higher selectivity for oxygenated products was observed in CO-H2 reaction when hydrogen was supplied separately by the permeation through Pd membrane, than that when both CO and H2 were supplied on Pd surface from the gas phase, indicating the direct participation of bulk hydrogen for oxygenated product formation.
Photoluminescence Property of Titanium Silicalite-2 Catalyst and Its Photocatalytic Reactivity for the Direct Decomposition of NO at 295 K
Authors: Zhang Shu Guo , Ichihashi Yuichi , Yamashita Hiromi , Tatsumi Takashi , Anpo Masakazu
Published: March 2006

The titanium silicalite-2 (TS-2) catalyst exhibits a photoluminescence spectrum at around 450–550 nm as well as the distinct and characteristic photocatalytic activity towards the direct decomposition of NO into N2, O2 and N2O at 295 K under UV irradiation. XAFS and photoluminescence investigations indicated that the charge transfer excited state of the titanium oxide moieties having a tetrahetral coordination plays a significant role in the photoluminescence and photocatalytic reactivities of the TS-2 catalyst.
The Confinement of Hydrogen in LaNi5 Hydride Using Surface Poisoning
Authors: Sakaguchi Hiroki , Gotoh Yukio , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: March 2006

It has been found that an LaNi5 hydride treated with a CO gas is stable in air at room temperature. The hydrogenation of acetophenone or 1-octene was performed using the CO-treated hydride. The reaction well proceeded and it was confirmed that hydrogen confined in the hydride can be available for reactions. The use of the CO-treated LaNi5 hydride, therefore, can simplify the operation for hydrogenation.
Effect of Samarium Iodide on Isocyanate-Polymerization by Alkyllithiums
Authors: Wang Jia , Nomura Ryoji , Endo Takeshi
Published: March 2006

An addition of samarium iodide (SmI2 or SmI3) drastically suppressed the trimerization of isocyanates during the polymerization with alkyllithiums, providing the polymer with high molecular weight in good yield.
Conversion of Rectangular Tetrasulfide Ligand in Tetrarhodium Complex, [{(RhCp*)2(μ-CH2)2}2(μ4-S4)]2+ (Cp* = η5-C5Me5), into Disulfide Ligands in Dirhodium Complex, [(RhCp*)2(μ-CH2)2(μ-S2)] by Chemical Reduction
Authors: Nishioka Takanori , Nakamura Shigeyuki , Kaneko Yuichi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Kinoshita Isamu , Kiyooka Syun-ichi , Isobe Kiyoshi
Published: March 2006

Reaction of [{(RhCp*)2(μ-CH2)2}2(μ4-S4)]2+ (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) (1) containing a rectangular S4 ligand with the reducing agent of NaBH4 affords [(RhCp*)2(μ-CH2)2(μ-S2)] (2) confirmed by FAB mass and 1H NMR spectra. This disulfide complex is so air-sensitive that the S2 ligand is easily oxygenated by oxygen to give an SSO ligand in [(RhCp*)2(μ-CH2)2(μ-SSO)] (3) whose structure is determined by X-ray analysis.
Vibrational Analysis of the Radical Anion and Cation of Biphenyl Based on Density Functional Calculations
Authors: Furuya Kazuhiko , Torii Hajime , Furukawa Yukio , Tasumi Mitsuo
Published: March 2006

The density functional theory has been used for calculating the structures and vibrational wavenumbers of the radical anion and cation of biphenyl. The radical anion has a planar structure, while the radical cation is twisted. Upon ionization, structural changes occur in the direction from benzenoid to quinoid. Unscaled wavenumbers calculated at the Becke-Lee-Yang-Parr/6-31G* level are mostly in agreement with observed vibrational wavenumbers in the literature.
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Detection of Silicic Acid in Pure Water with Slab Optical Waveguide Absorption Detector
Authors: Tsunoda Kin-ichi , Yamamoto Eiichi , Akaiwa Hideo
Published: March 2006

Blue silicomolybdate anion was adsorbed onto a glass slab optical waveguide (SOWG) surface as an ion associate with cetyltrimethylammonium cation and was detected with the SOWG absorption detector using a semiconductor laser (780 nm) as a light source. The sensitivity of the SOWG method for 2 cm3 of a pure water sample was ca. 20 times higher than that of conventional spectrophotometry at 3 ppb Si level, and the detection limit was ca. 0.2 ppb Si (S/N = 3).
A Novel Trinuclear Platinum(II) Complex with C, N, S Donor Ligands Containing Ferrocenyl Groups
Authors: Nagasawa Isoroku , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Kuma Hiro , Kushi Yoshihiko
Published: March 2006

The reaction of [Pt(hfacac)2] with 2-(ferrocenyl)benzothiazoline affords a novel trinuclear platinum(II) complex, which has six-membered Pt3S3 ring with thiolate bridging, and three cyclometallated ferrocenyl groups have a less-symmetrical configuration.
Atmospheric CO2 Fixation by Dinuclear Ni(II) Complex, [TPANi(II)(μ-OH)2Ni(II)TPA](ClO4)2 (TPA = Tris(pyridylmethyl)amine)
Authors: Ito Masami , Takita Yu-saku
Published: March 2006

The dinuclear Ni(II) complex [TPANi(II)(μ-OH)2Ni(II)TPA](ClO4)2 (TPA = tris(pyridylmethyl)amine) (2) can react with atmospheric CO2 readily, and forms corresponding μ-carbonate complex, [TPANi(II)(μ-CO3)Ni(II)TPA](ClO4)2 (3).
Direct Observation of Capillary Electrophoretic Phenomena Using Video Image Analysis System
Authors: Razee Saeid , Tamura Atsushi , Khademizadeh Masumeh , Masujima Tsutomu
Published: March 2006

A video imaging system was developed for direct observation of the seperated zones of DNS-amino acids inside a capillary during an electrophoretic run. Using a CCD video camera, the moving zone of fluorescent band was observed after irradiation of capillary with a UV lamp and monitored in 10 cm region of a capilliary. On-line data acquisition in addition with the possibility of further image processing, made it possible to get a clear and real image of the seperated bands of solute.
A New and Direct Synthesis of Lactic Acid from Acrylic Acid Using an Excimer Laser with High Intensity
Authors: Shimizu Yuichi , Kawanishi Shunichi
Published: March 2006

A new and direct method of XeF (351 nm) laser irradiation of acrylic acid 1 solution containing H2O2 are described for the chemical synthesis of lactic acid 2. Increase in the yield strongly depended on the irradiation dose and H2O2 feeding rate, and the formation of 2 showed the quantum yield, 0.3, and the selectivity, 50%, at the maximum yield. Product analysis indicated that OH radicals formed with high density by the laser-photolysis of H2O2 are equally bonded to the carbons of α- and β-positions of 1 to produce 2 and 3-hydroxypropanoic acid with ratio of 1 to 1.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular C-H/Olefin Coupling
Authors: Fujii Naoaki , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi , Chatani Naoto , Murai Shinji
Published: March 2006

The ruthenium- and rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H/olefin coupling reactions of 1-(2-pyridyl)-1,5- and 1,6-dienes proceeded regio- and stereoselecively to give 5- or 6-membered ring products.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Some Heterocyclic Compounds over Active Carbon Fiber to Control Its Porosity
Authors: Kawabuchi Yuji , Sotowa Chiaki , Kishino Masahiro , Kawano Shizuo , Whitehurst D Duayne , Mochida Isao
Published: March 2006

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of heterocyclic compounds was examined over commercial pitch-based active carbon fiber (ACF). The ACF treated with pyridine, pyrrole, and thiophene showed excellent preformance in the gas separation of CO2/CH4. Thermal stability of the aromatic compounds around 700 °C appears an important factor to restrict its decomposition on the pore wall where the compound is adsorbed and carbonized.
Doppler Profiles of the Balmer-α and -β Lines of the Excited Hydrogen Atoms (n = 3,4) Produced in Ar+-C2H6 Collisions
Authors: Tokeshi Manadu , Nakashima Keiji , Ogawa Teiichiro
Published: March 2006

The Doppler profiles of the Balmer lines are very broad; their width decreases at lower ion energies. The translational energy distributions of H* calculated from the Doppler profile have two major components at about 10 eV and at about 100 eV for 2.5 keV of Ar+.
Preparation and Characteristics of LaMnO3 Thin Film Electrode on YSZ by a Vapor-Phase Process
Authors: Ioroi Tsutomu , Ogumi Zempachi , Takehara Zen-ichiro , Uchimoto Yoshiharu
Published: March 2006

Dense and thin LaMnO3/YSZ/La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 cell was perpared by CVD-EVD process. The prepared LaMnO3 film was sufficiently uniform and dense, no pore or crack was observed in the LaMnO3 film. AC impedance measurements indicated that the electrode interface conductivity was linearly dependent on the electrode surface area. For dense and thin film electrode of LaMnO3, oxygen electrochemical reacion proceeded predominantly at the electrode surface region.
Ionophoric Properties of a Doubly-Bridged Calix[8]arene Bearing a Eight-Oxygens Converging Cavity
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Suzuki Yoshio , Akao Kiyotaka , Shinkai Seiji
Published: March 2006

A novel globular molecule was synthesized by doubly-bridging calix[8]arene at 1,5- and 3,7-phenol units. The structure is very unique because of its high molecular symmetry and eight oxygens convergently integrated in a cavity. Extraction and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies established that this cavity shows the high Cs+ affinity as well as the high Cs+/Na+ selectivity.
Michael Reaction in the Solid State under Microwave Irradiations
Authors: Boruah Anima , Baruah Mukulesh , Prajapati Dipak , Sandhu Jagir S
Published: March 2006

The Michael reaction of α,β-ethylenic ketones with nitroalkane, diethylmalonate, acetonitrile and acetylacetone in presence of alumina and without any solvent, under microwave irradiations proceeded very efficiently and furnished excellent yields of adducts.
Efficient Transport of Aliphatic Amino Acids Mediated by Lanthanide Complex Carriers under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Tsukube Hiroshi , Shinoda Satoshi , Uenishi Jun’ichi , Shiode Mihoko , Yonemitsu Osamu
Published: March 2006

Lipophilic lanthanide tris(β-diketonates) effectively mediated transport of the aliphatic amino acids such as valine and leucine under neutral conditions, though conventional carriers rarely transported these zwitterions.
Stability of Ln3Ba2Mn2Cu2O12 (Ln = lanthanide) Compounds and Their Magnetic Properties
Authors: Matsubara Ichiro , Funahashi Ryoji , Kida Noriaki , Ueno Kazuo
Published: March 2006

The layered manganocuprate Ln3Ba2Mn2Cu2O12 (Ln = lanthanide) consists of an intergrowth of single rock-salt layers with quadruple oxygen-deficient perovskite layers. This structure is stabilized by a particular ionic size at the Ln site (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd). The ground state changes from a spin glass to a ferromagnetic phase with decreasing size of the Ln ion (Sm → Gd).
A Macrocyclic Co(II)Pb(II) Complex: Neighboring Pb(II) Effect upon Reversible Superoxo-cobalt Complex Formation in Solid State
Authors: Shimoda Jun-ichi , Furutachi Hideki , Yonemura Masami , Ohba Masaaki , Matsumoto Naohide , Okawa Hisashi
Published: March 2006

A diphenoxo-bridged Co(II)Pd(II) complex of a dinucleating macrocycle, derived from the [2:1:1] condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol, ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine, forms a reversible dioxygen-adduct in solid state.
A Novel Oxidatively Induced Structural Rearrangement of Diruthenocenyl Disulfide to the First Transition-metal Complex of 2,4-Cyclopentadien-1-thione
Authors: Sato Masaru , Sensui Masa-aki
Published: March 2006

The first transition metal-stabilized complex of 2,4-cyclopentadien-1-thione was synthesized in the oxidation of diruthenocenyl disulfide with p-BQ/BF3·OEt2.
Absorption of Atmospheric Phenol by Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species
Authors: Kondo Takayuki , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Chiharu , Uchida Ryutaro , Onishi Masanori
Published: March 2006

To estimate the effect of tree planting on atmospheric phenol, the absorption of phenol by evergreen broad-leaved tree species was examined. In experiments in which the light intensity was varied for camellia, a linear relationship between the phenol absorption rate and the transpiration rate was observed, showing that atmospheric phenol is absorbed through the stomata. The absorption rates for five tree species varied from 21.3 (camellia) to 52.3 ng dm−2h−1ppb−1 (oleander) at 1000 μmol of photons m−2s−1 and the trees exhibiting higher transpiration rates had greater absorption rates of phenol.
Proactive and Reactive Product Line Strategies: Asymmetries Between Market Leaders and Followers
Authors: Shankar Venkatesh
Published: March 2006

To what extent do firms engage in product line actions simultaneously with actions in other marketing variables? What are the determinants of product line actions? To what extent are product line actions proactive? To what degree are they reactive? How can a firm’s product line action elasticity (percent change in product line length with respect to percent change in competitor’s past and anticipated actions) be decomposed into reaction and anticipation elasticities? Are product line actions and elasticities symmetric across market leaders and followers? To address these questions, we develop a conceptual framework comprising determinants of product line and other marketing actions in a single framework. We formulate hypotheses about the asymmetries between market leaders and followers regarding product line actions based on extended expectancy-valence and competitive demand elasticity theories. We develop a simultaneous equation model of demand and supply with product line and other marketing actions, which can be used to identify reaction and anticipation elasticities through the rational expectations approach. We estimate the model using data from the computer printer market comprising the market leader, Hewlett Packard (HP), and followers: Epson, Canon, and Lexmark. The results show that the market leader practices a product-proliferation strategy and rarely fights on price. In contrast, market followers adopt a price-fighting strategy. A firm is more likely to engage in product line actions when its competitors changed their product lines in the past, when the firm is large, and when its price is high. Product line reaction and anticipation elasticities are asymmetric between themselves and across the firms. For the market leader (followers), product line reaction elasticity is higher (lower) than product line anticipation elasticity. These differences are related to product line demand elasticities, which are higher for the market leader than they are for the followers.
Optimal Project Rejection and New Firm Start-ups
Authors: Cassiman Bruno , Ueda Masako
Published: March 2006

We study the decision of an established firm to commercialize innovations. An innovation can be exploited by the established firm as an internal venture, pursued by a new firm start-up as an external venture, or not commercialized at all. The limited commercialization capacity of the established firm in the short run results in an option value of waiting. In this setup, start-up firms emerge when the established firm is generating many innovations or is selective because the option value of waiting is high, or both. The model predicts that innovations commercialized through internal ventures are characterized by a higher fit with the internal resources of the established firm, a higher cannibalization of the established firm's existing businesses, and a lower profitability than innovations commercialized through external ventures. The model furthermore generates predictions on the relation between firm performance and spin-off performance.
The Personal Computer and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Fairlie Robert W.
Published: March 2006

In contrast to the large and rapidly growing literature on information technology (IT) investments and firm productivity, we know very little about the role of personal computers in business creation. Using matched data from the 1997–2001 Computer and Internet Usage Supplements to subsequent Outgoing Rotation Group files from the Current Population Survey (CPS), I explore the relationship between computer ownership and entrepreneurship. Trends over the past two decades provide some evidence of a positive relationship between home computers and entrepreneurship rates, but the evidence is not clear. In contrast, an analysis of the relationship between computer ownership and entrepreneurship at the individual level provides evidence that individuals who had access to a home computer are substantially more likely to become entrepreneurs over the following 12–15 months. Probit and bivariate probit regressions also provide evidence of a strong positive relationship between computer ownership and entrepreneurship among women, but only limited evidence for men. Further, estimates from the CPS indicate that entrepreneurs who had prior access to home computers create a large variety of types of businesses and not only those in the IT industry.
Venture Capitalists and Cooperative Start-up Commercialization Strategy
Authors: Hsu David H.
Published: March 2006

This paper examines the possible impact of venture capital (VC) backing on the commercialization direction of technology-based start-ups by asking: To what extent (if at all) do VC-funded start-ups engage in cooperative commercialization strategies (strategic alliances or technology licensing, or both) relative to a comparable set of start-ups, and with what consequences? To address these questions, I assemble a novel data set that matches firms receiving a federal research and development subsidy through the U.S. Small Business Innovative Research program to VC-funded firms by observable characteristics in five technology-intensive industries. These data allow decoupling of cooperative activity resulting from start-up development via the passage of calendar time from that due to association with VCs. An analysis of the 696 start-ups in the sample (split by an external funding source) suggests substantial boosts in both cooperative activity associated with VC-backed firms and in the likelihood of an initial public offering.
Overoptimism and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms
Authors: Lowe Robert A. , Ziedonis Arvids A.
Published: March 2006

Recent theoretical and empirical research on cognitive bias in decision making suggests that overoptimism critically influences entrepreneurs’ decisions to establish and sustain new ventures. We investigate whether such cognitive bias influences entrepreneurial venture performance using data on commercialization efforts for university inventions. In contrast to prior studies, our results suggest that entrepreneurial overoptimism does not appear to be the determining factor in the decision to found a firm. We do find that entrepreneurs continue unsuccessful development efforts for longer periods of time than do established firms, which is consistent with entrepreneurial overoptimism in the development of technologies with uncertain market prospects. This latter finding is also consistent with rationality-based models of decision-making behavior, however. We find that the economic returns associated with many of the technologies in our sample are realized after the start-up has been acquired by an established firm, suggesting that start-ups may serve as a transitional organizational form in the market for technology commercialization.
Pharmacoeconomics: Proposed Drug-Drug Cost Effectiveness Methodology
Authors: Gagnon Jean Paul , Osterhaus Jane T.
Published: March 2006

The advent of prospective reimbursement in hospitals has forced hospital administrators, pharmacy directors, and pharmacy and therapeutic committees to carefully compare the cost and benefits of similar drugs. Accomplishing this task is difficult. This paper reviews the literature on drug-drug cost effectiveness procedures and outlines a methodology that might be used to contrast and compare two drugs with similar therapeutic outcomes. The data to conduct this analysis can be obtained from published articles on clinical studies and company sources and entered into a microcomputer electronic spreadsheet. The study discusses the implications and use of cost effectiveness analysis to evaluate drugs by hospital formulary committees.
Telbivudine: A Novel Nucleoside Analog for Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Jiwon W , Park Susie H , Louie Stan G
Published: March 2006

Objective:

To review available literature on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, dosing and administration, efficacy, and safety of the antiviral nucleoside analog telbivudine.

Data Sources:

Information was obtained from searching MEDLINE (1966–December 2005), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 2005), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4th quarter 2005) using the search words telbivudine, L-dT, L-deoxythymidine, L-nucleosides, and nucleosides. Abstracts from the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and European Association for the Study of the Liver were also searched, including bibliographies from the identified articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Data from double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and unpublished information were extracted.

Data Synthesis:

Telbivudine is a novel, orally administered nucleoside analog under development for use in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. In contrast to other nucleoside analogs, telbivudine has not been associated with inhibition of mammalian DNA polymerase with mitochondrial toxicity. Telbivudine demonstrated potent activity against hepatitis B with significantly higher rate of response and superior viral suppression compared with lamivudine, the standard treatment. Telbivudine has been generally well tolerated, with low adverse effect profile, and at its effective dose, no dose-limiting toxicity has been observed.

Conclusions:

Telbivudine is a novel oral nucleoside analog effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.
Valproic Acid Management of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Lum Elaine , Gorman Sean K , Slavik Richard S
Published: March 2006

Objective:

To review the clinical evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of valproic acid in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Data Sources:

MEDLINE (1966–February 2006), EMBASE (1980–February 2006), and PubMed (1966–February 2006) searches identified pertinent studies that were conducted in humans and published in English. Key words used for identification of articles included valproic acid, ethanol, alcohol, alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol withdrawal seizures, and substance withdrawal syndrome. References of identified articles were manually searched.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All controlled clinical trials that evaluated the use of valproic acid for the management of AWS in humans were included.

Data Synthesis:

Comparisons were made among various regimens of valproic acid and traditional therapy with benzodiazepine or nonbenzodiazepine agents. Only 2 of 6 trials reported a statistically significant difference in favor of valproic acid on endpoints of AWS. However, these differences were of marginal clinical significance. The number of patients included in these studies did not allow for adequate evaluation of safety.

Conclusions:

The existing limited efficacy and safety data suggest that valproic acid should not replace conventional therapy or be used as adjunct therapy for management of mild-to-moderate AWS.
Using Vancomycin Concentrations for Dosing Daptomycin in a Morbidly Obese Patient with Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Pai Manjunath P , Mercier Renee-Claude , Allen Sarah E
Published: March 2006

Objective:

To report a case in which vancomycin clearance was used to determine the daptomycin dosing interval in a morbidly obese patient with renal impairment.

Case Summary:

A 46-year-old man (209 kg; 178 cm) failed a 42 day course of vancomycin therapy for treatment of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–infected wound and cellulitis. The median trough vancomycin concentration was 12.6 μg/mL (range 7.3–24.1) through his course of therapy. Estimation of creatinine clearance (Clcr) was confounded in this clinical scenario, given the patient's weight and a lack of valid equations in this patient population. Daptomycin was administered empirically at 6 mg/kg dosed every 48 hours based on estimated clearance from measured vancomycin concentrations. Steady-state plasma concentrations of daptomycin were determined, and the daptomycin half-life in this patient was more accurately estimated using vancomycin clearance as a surrogate. In addition, a 4 mg/kg dose of daptomycin would have been sufficient based on plasma concentrations. The patient demonstrated rapid clinical improvement and remained free of cellulitis for 6 months after completion of daptomycin and a 12 week course of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Discussion:

The dosing interval of daptomycin is adjusted based on Clcr. However, estimation of Clcr is difficult in morbidly obese patients with renal impairment, given a lack of valid equations. In this clinical scenario, vancomycin concentrations were used to estimate Clcr and served as a surrogate measure to determine the daptomycin dosing interval. Measured daptomycin concentrations validated this approach and confirmed the inadequacy of commonly used Clcr equations.

Conclusions:

In this clinical scenario, vancomycin concentrations more accurately estimated Clcr, thereby facilitating determination of the daptomycin dosing interval.
Definitive N-Terminal Protein Sequence and Further Characterization of the Novel Apolipoprotein A5 in Human Serum
Authors: Alborn William E , Johnson Melvin G , Prince Melvin J , Konrad Robert J
Published: March 2006

Background: Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) originally gained attention as a regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations through transgenic mouse studies. Our group recently developed the first assay to quantify serum ApoA5 protein concentrations and demonstrated that they are increased by administration of a potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist.

Methods: To better characterize the circulating ApoA5, the protein was purified from human serum, and a definitive N-terminal protein sequence was obtained. In light of previous observations that ApoA5 was present in VLDL and not LDL, plasma infranatant and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) were analyzed for ApoA5. Because the mature protein contains a single unpaired cysteine, ApoA5 in human serum was immunoprecipitated, and its migration pattern was examined via Western blotting under reducing and nonreducing conditions to determine whether the protein circulates as a disulfide-linked homodimer or heterodimer.

Results: Definitive N-terminal protein sequences obtained from ApoA5 purified from human serum indicated that cleavage of the signal peptide occurs in vivo at the predicted site. We found ApoA5 in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons but not in LDL, IDL, or plasma infranatant. Under both reducing and nonreducing conditions, ApoA5 migrated mainly as a single band with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of ∼39 000, indicating that the protein exists in serum as a monomer and not as a disulfide-linked homodimer or heterodimer.

Conclusions: Our data help characterize ApoA5 by defining its lipoprotein particle distribution, by determining its N-terminal protein sequence, and by demonstrating that the mature protein circulates mainly as a monomer and not as a disulfide-linked homodimer or heterodimer.