bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN OPPORTUNITY TO DISTINGUISH PLANT TAXA BY POLLEN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: REGARDING THE FAMILY ALLIACEAE J.G. AGARDH
Authors: G Punsalpaamuu , D Saindovdon
Published: September 2018

This paper discusses the characters of pollen types from the family Alliaceae J.G. Agardh.The pollen morphology of 13 species of this family native to the forest-steppe region of Mongolia was detail investigated. Plants were collected during field courses and research projects and are deposited in the herbarium of the Mongolian State University of Education. Chemical preparation was carried out in the Palynological Laboratories at the School of Natural Sciences of the Mongolian State University of Education and the Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics of the University of Göttingen in Germany. Pollen morphology ical study can provide an opportunity to recognize the plant morphological similarity and dissimilarity among family, genera and species. Pollen of the family Alliaceae J.G. Agardh. is medium-sized, distal monosulcate, exine thickness varies among species as well.The greatest diversity in exine ornamentation is observed in the tectate-columellate, tectate-perforate or semitectate structure.
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON RESIDENTIAL HOUSE PRICE (IN THE CASE OF ULAANBAATAR CITY)
Authors: D Oyunjargal , Ch Byambatseren
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the environment, especially the quality of air on house price. In addition, it also includes the research of the linkage between the index of air quality and average price of residential house which located in the most crowded districts of Ulaanbaatar such as Bayangol, Bayanzurkh, Chingeltei, Sukhbaatar, Songinokhairkhan and Khan-Uul. The statistical analysis and statistics determination methods were applied to identify the relationship utilizing the air quality index, determined from the air quality measurement data recorded in 2015-2017, and the average price per square meter of newly built apartment houses in the selected districts. The research findings suggest that there is little direct link between the house prices and air quality level, and the air quality levels of Ulaanbaatar districts do not have a significant impact on the price per square meter. Therefore, the air quality index should not considered as a house price determinant.
Programa “Odonto-Fisio” – Integração rumo a uma melhor qualidade de vida
Authors: Bianchi Márcia , Mamede Neto Antônio Luiz , Velloso Marcelo
Published: September 2018

Atualmente os cirurgiões-dentistas sofrem grande risco quanto ao aparecimento de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT), mais conhecidos por Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (LER), devido principalmente a extensas jornadas de trabalho e à postura incorreta durante os atendimentos. A revisão da literatura mostra que a maioria dos trabalhos tem como preocupação as formas de reabilitação do profissional, ou seja, encontrar formas que permitam que ele possa continuar suas atividades sem agravamento do quadro clínico. O Centro Universitário Nove de Julho – UNINOVE inicia um programa de prevenção inédito, integrando os cursos de Odontologia e Fisioterapia. Tal trabalho baseia-se na prática adotada por grandes empresas, em que a chamada ‘ginástica laboral’ integra o cotidiano dos participantes no próprio local de trabalho. O “Programa Odonto-Fisio” pretende implantar a ginástica laboral como rotina nas atividades realizadas pelos acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia, em laboratório e na clínica, sob orientação dos professores e acadêmicos do curso de Fisioterapia, que realizarão a avaliação postural de cada participante para, posteriormente, determinar quais os exercícios mais adequados às suas atividades. Por outro lado, o Programa pretende iniciar uma sólida linha de pesquisas por meio da integração dos cursos, ampliando o programa de iniciação científica e incentivando a produção e a integração acadêmicas.
THE IMPACT OF CHOCOLATE BRAND IMAGE, SATISFACTION, AND VALUE ON BRAND LOYALTY // UTICAJ IMIDŽA BRENDA ČOKOLADE, ZADOVOLJSTVA I VRIJEDNOSTI NA LOJALNOST BRENDA
Authors: Puška Adis , Stojanović Ilija , Berbić Selma
Published: September 2018

This paper deals with direct effects ofbrand image, satisfaction and value on consumer loyaltytowards branded chocolates. In the empirical research, a model with these four brand dimensions was established to examine different direct effects - how brand image is related to brand satisfaction and its value, and how brand satisfaction is related to brand value. The research was conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina andincluded 432 respondents based on a snowball sample. The results show that the established structural model is factual,enabling the acceptance of set hypotheses. It has also been proven that the brand satisfaction has the greatest impact on brand loyalty.Based on the findings, the paper additionally contains practical recommendations for production to creating a brand of chocolate.
RETHINKING IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR: EVIDENCE FROM GENERATION Y CONSUMERS
Authors: Vojvodić Katija D. , Matić Šošić Matea D. , Žugić Jelena D.
Published: September 2018

The continued and rapid advancement of information and communications technology has considerably shaped the overall behaviour of Generation Y consumers, also known as the Millennial Generation. In that context, the objective of this paper was to examinedifferences between different types of impulse buyingbehaviour and online environmental cues (website quality and website design).The paper also aimed to provide determinants of e-impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y consumers.The research was conducted using a questionnaire on a sample of 334Generation Y consumers in Croatia.Collected data was analysed using software package SPSS 20. Various statistical analyses were used such as factor analysis and analysis of variance. The findings indicate that online consumers are influenced by the two major factors, extreme and pure impulsiveness. The paper utilised website design and website quality in order to determine the relation between these variables and different types ofe-impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y in Croatia. Significant differences were found between extremely and purely impulsiveGeneration Y consumers and online environmental cues.
DIGITAL MARKETING IN METAL PROCESSING COMPANIES IN PRIJEDOR REGION // DIGITALNI MARKETING U METALOPRERAĐIVAČKIM PREDUZEĆIMA REGIJE PRIJEDOR
Authors: Drljača Dalibor
Published: September 2018

Marketing, as a very important business activity of modern companies, regardless of their size, also suffers a certain level of change caused by the use of new ICTs. So today we have got a completely new form of marketing called digital marketing. The aim of the research was to learn about understanding and deploying digital marketing tools and techniques in the small and medium metal processing companies in Prijedor region. The results have shown alow level of companies’ information on marketing as the key business process and use of modern digital marketing for promotion and communication with clients.Although there is a large amount of distrust in online communication and media channels, metal processing companies in Prijedor, although shyly, are trying to get involved in contemporary trends in this domainof modern business.
MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP // UPRAVLJANJE RAZVOJEM SOCIJALNOG PREDUZETNIŠTVA
Authors: Vidović Aleksandra B.
Published: September 2018

The rapid growth of social entrepreneurship is characterized by an increase in social inequalities alone poverty in the world, which is a consequence of the development of globalization. About social entrepreneurship and its achievements in Bosnia and Herzegovina generally how little he knows and works, which is why it is the space for I’m still challenge for systematic research. This research is based on the development of social entrepreneurship and the importance of the application itself pointing adoption of this form of business in the next period in our region. The survey was conducted with the aim to highlight the importance of developing social entrepreneurship that provides this type of business, as well as to determine the level of knowledge in this kind of business. For this kind of research is used the qualitative research type and it was created a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of five questions, after completing research on a representative sample, the empirical data are processed and statistical programs: SPSS 22 and Stat Plus 2009. The work is set I tested the following null hypothesis H0-Development of social entrepreneurship can successfully function on the territory of the Republic of Srpska/Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Restructuring of the Debtor // Restrukturiranje dužnika
Authors: Čolović Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Restructuring can be defined as a set of measures that are applied in an economic entity (company or entrepreneur) that has fallen into financial difficulties. These measures do not apply only to the field of finance, but also to the entire business of the company or entrepreneur. We distinguish financial and operational restructuring, which are the two most common forms of this institute. Financial restructuring refers to redefining the relationship between company as a debtor and a creditors. On the other hand, operational restructuring involves optimizing the production process, increasing productivity, eliminating inefficiencies, and other measures. Also, we distinguish formal (court proceedings) and informal (debtors-creditors agreement) approach in defining restructuring. In Republic of Srpska, Act of Bankruptcy regulates the restructuring process in which the debtor’s status is defined, as well as its relationship with the creditors, in order to continue the activity. This paper criticizes the method of regulating this institute, bearing in mind that there is no clear difference between this procedure and the reorganization proceeding. In addition, author analyzes of the regulation of this institute (consensual financial restructuring) in Serbia and Croatia.
Entity Misdemeanor Laws // Entitetski prekršajni zakoni
Authors: Mitrović Ljubinko
Published: September 2018

The Law on Misdemeanors of the Republika Srpska was published in the Official Gazette of Republika Srpska, No. 63/2014. In the meantime, this law was amended in 2016 and 2017 (Official Gazette of the Republika Srpska, No. 110/2016 and 100/2017). On the other hand, the Law on Misdemeanors of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was published in the Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 63/2014.The new misdemeanor laws have brought important novelties that will be the subject of this document. This applies in particular to the systems of misdemeanor sanctions envisaged by the aforementioned laws, and in particular, it is necessary to emphasize the prescription of imprisonment in the Law on Misdemeanors of Republika Srpska, while there is no Law on Misdemeanors of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as deprivation of liberty for collecting fines is still in the Law on Misdemeanors of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while, on the other hand, it has not been included in Law on Misdemeanors of the Republika Srpska since 2016.Considering the fact that these two, extremely important laws, are very different in terms of citizens, the question arises as to whether this degree of mismatch was really necessary and necessary?
EU Service Directive, Digital Identity and ID Documents in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Macan Siniša
Published: September 2018

In 2006, the European Union adopted the Services Directive, which establishes the obligation to establish unique points of contact through which citizens and businesses receive certain services from government bodies. The Services Directive unifies the services market throughout the European Union and creates an obligation for each Member State to improve its way of providing services to citizens. Citizens are accessing services through digital identities.Having in mind that Bosnia and Herzegovina have for more than 65% turnover with EU countries, there is a need and legal obligation for the introduction of the same standards in the field of digital services and digital identities in BiH as in the EU. Citizens and businesses in Bosnia and Herzegovina need to have same position with competitive and compatible markets in EU countries. To validate digital identities, it is possible to use ID documents in BiH. This paper described the way of validating the digital identity in BiH using ID card or passport. ID documents issued according to ICAO 9303 standards and EU regulations must have embedded chips. These documents can be used to access electronic services as well as for digital identity verification.
Safety Aspects of Freight Traffic in the Republic of Srpska
Authors: Milanković Stefan , Mihajlović Dragoslav
Published: September 2018

This paper tries to present the state of traffic safety in the Republic of Srpska based on a statistical sample of traffic accidents involving freight motor vehicles on roads of the Republic of Srpska and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Besides statistics, survey and statistical sample analysis methods were used, as well as analyses of indicators of road worthiness testing station inspections of vehicles in the Republic of Srpska. The indicators of non-regular preventive inspections of roadworthiness tests conducted on the roads by the Auto Moto Association of the Republic of Srpska are especially important. Bearing in mind the age and number of freight motor vehicles in the Republic of Srpska, in accordance with the indicators from chapter 3.4 (Consequence of Traffic Accidents) it is possible to continue the research with a special view on the injuries of the freight vehicle drivers and causes of traffic accidents. According to the data available, most of the fatalities and severe injuries were inflicted to drivers and passengers from vehicles that were involved in accidents with freight vehicles.
Evaluation of the Employees’ Current Salary: Multivariate analysis
Authors: Vranješ Svjetlana
Published: September 2018

Using a sample size of 200 R&D employees, this paper examines the relationship between the current salary and starting salary, previous experience, education, employees’ age and gender. The results provided by this study show that current salary is positively associated with employees’ salary at the beginning of the career and years of education. The author finds strong evidence that current salary is negatively associated with employees’ age, previous experience and gender. Furthermore, conducting cluster analysis, results provide two different groups. The first group consists of employees who are more likely to be included in the clerical type of jobs and the second group is specific to the other types of job.
Validation of the Scale Intended for the Assessment of the Quality of Life of Persons With Lumbal Syndrome // Validacija skale namenjene proceni kvaliteta života osoba sa lumbalnim sindromom
Authors: Nešić Milan , Romanov Romana , Jezdimirović Tatjana , Lepeš Josip , Andrašić Slobodan
Published: September 2018

In order to determine the metric characteristics of the scale intended for the assessment of the quality of life of persons with lumbar syndrome (PQL-LS) on a sample of 202 subjects (M = 93; F = 109), three procedures for checking its metric characteristics were applied: factor analysis (Principal Components Analysis) with the Direct Oblimin method, in order to identify the latent structure of the perception of the quality of life of the respondents; Scale Reliability Analysis based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; and a validation check based on the coefficient of internal correlation of the scale (Spearman’s correlation of rank - rho). The results show that the scale has good metric characteristics and that it has a multi-item character (twenty-seven indicators). The internal accordance of the scale is in the high reference range of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.947). The values of correlation coefficient of subscale scores: physical health, mental health, social relations and environment show a high degree of correlation with the overall mean value of the entire scale, which confirms the validity of the analyzed domains (subscale) and the scale as a whole (at the level of significance r <0.001). All 27 variables yielded the corresponding weight of the single extracted component (KMO = 0.901; Sig. = 0.000), which determined that the scale had adequate validity. Based on the identified good metric characteristics, this scale can be recommended for use as a unique/autonomous multi-item scale designed to assess the quality of life of adults with lumbar syndrome.
Health Fitness – Truth or Marketing // Zdravstveni fitnes – istina ili marketing
Authors: Perić Dušan
Published: September 2018

Numerous scientific studies have shown that physical activity has a positive effect on the health of modern people. Exercise for health is one of the main contents on which the promotion of fitness is based. The fitness industry rapidly develops and creates more and more money. The term health fitness is often misused because of the increased profit. In practice, there are more and more programs that have the prefix health, but they are essentially classic marketing. The aim of this paper is to point out to the incorrect and uncritical interpretation of health fitness. There are three examples that illustrate the ability to manipulate people who do not understand what health fitness is. Lumbal syndrome (back pain), osteoporosis and action of so-called hormones of happiness were analyzed.
Invasive genetics of the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): recent anthropogenic introduction in Iberia
Authors: Morim Teófilo , Bigg Grant R , Madeira Pedro M , Palma Jorge , Duvernell David D , Gisbert Enric , Cunha Regina L , Castilho Rita
Published: September 2018

Human activities such as trade and transport have increased considerably in the last decades, greatly facilitating the introduction and spread of non-native species at a global level. In the Iberian Peninsula, Fundulus heteroclitus, a small euryhaline coastal fish with short dispersal, was found for the first time in the mid-1970s. Since then, F. heteroclitusunderwent range expansions, colonizing the southern region of Portugal, southwestern coast of Spain and the Ebro Delta in the Mediterranean Sea. Cytochrome b sequences were used to elucidate the species invasion pathway in Iberia. Three Iberian locations (Faro, Cádiz and Ebro Delta) and 13 other locations along the native range of F. heteroclitusin North America were sampled. Results revealed a single haplotype, common to all invasive populations, which can be traced to the northern region of the species’ native range. We posit that the origin of the founder individuals is between New York and Nova Scotia. Additionally, the lack of genetic structure within Iberia is consistent with a recent invasion scenario and a strong founder effect. We suggest the most probable introduction vector is associated with the aquarium trade and we further discuss the hypothesis of a second human-mediated introduction responsible for the establishment of individuals in the Ebro Delta supported by the absence of adequate muddy habitats linking Cádiz and the Ebro Delta. Although the species has a high tolerance to salinity and temperature, benthic habitat constraints prevent along-shore colonisation suggesting that such expansions would need to be aided by human release.
Stroke Risk Following Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Chu Yung-Yu , Ho Chung-Han , Chen Yi-Chen , Kuo Shu-Chun
Published: November 2024

Importance

The association between nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and an increased risk of stroke has been a subject of debate. However, multinational studies on this topic are scarce.

Objective

To evaluate the short-term and long-term stroke risk after NAION compared with a matched control group.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This global, retrospective, population-based cohort study used aggregated electronic health records from January 1, 2004, through March 19, 2024, sourced from the Global Collaborative Network of TriNetX, which includes data from over 152 million patients across 17 countries. Patients in the study were followed up for a maximum duration of 10 years. Patients with NAION and age-related cataract were included in the analysis. Those with stroke before the diagnosis of NAION and age-related cataract were excluded. Propensity score matching was applied to balance age, sex, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, and medication use.

Exposure

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code for NAION or age-related cataract.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the relative risk (RR) of stroke (ICD-10 code I60-63) in the NAION cohort vs the matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential clinical factors associated with stroke within the NAION cohort.

Results

A total of 89 811 patients were identified in both the NAION (mean [SD] age, 57.2 [18.5] years; 38 678 men [43.1%]) and control (mean [SD] age, 57.0 [17.9] years; 40 014 men [44.6%]) cohorts after matching. The NAION cohort demonstrated a significantly higher all-stroke risk at all time points: 1 month (RR, 5.04; 95% CI, 4.41-5.78), 3 months (RR, 3.79; 95% CI, 3.40-4.21), 1 year (RR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.32-2.70), 5 years (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.45-1.63), and 10 years (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.23-1.43). Sensitivity analysis in patients without comorbidities similarly revealed a significantly increased all-stroke risk across all intervals: 1 month (RR, 7.55; 95% CI, 4.74-12.03), 3 months (RR, 6.70; 95% CI, 4.48-10.04), 1 year (RR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.94-5.34), 5 years (RR, 2.85; 95% CI, 2.18-3.72), and 10 years (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.25-2.26). Among all the clinical factors of interest, only hypertension was consistently associated with all subtypes of stroke following NAION.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of patients with NAION found a significantly elevated risk of stroke compared with matched controls, independently of comorbidities. These findings underscore the importance of regular stroke workups following the onset of NAION.
Patient-Reported Discussions on Fertility Preservation Before Early-Onset Cancer Treatment
Authors: Keller Samantha R. , Rosen Allison , Lewis Mark A. , Park Hyo K. , Babyak Rebecca , Feldman Jill , Ye Fei , Agarwal Rajiv , Ciombor Kristen K. , Geiger Timothy M. , Eng Cathy , Hunzinger Katherine J. , Viskochil Richard H. , Roach Michelle K. , Velez Edwards Digna R. , Cote Michele L. , Holowatyj Andreana N.
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study evaluates discussion patterns about fertility preservation options reported by patients with early-onset cancer to better understand the patient experience.
Event‐Triggered Adaptive Neural Network Control for 4WS4WD Wheeled Mobile Robot
Authors: Liao Yi , Liu Yan‐Jun , Li Shu , Liu Lei , Wang Hao
Published: November 2024

In this article, an event‐triggered adaptive neural network controller based on threshold band is designed for a four wheels independently steered and four wheels independently driven (4WS4WD) mobile robot. The 4WS4WD mobile robot is attracting attention for its excellent motion performance such as manipulation versatility and posture flexibility. However, its control difficulty is increased due to its characteristics of being controlled by eight motors for steering and driving respectively. Also, since the robot itself has limited computing and communication resources, real‐time control cannot be guaranteed. To copy with that, the kinematic and dynamics models are first introduced for the 4WS4WD mobile robot. Second, an adaptive neural network controller with low‐frequency learning rate is utilized to control the mobile robot since there are unknown perturbations in the model. It can maintain system stability while handing unidentified model perturbations. The stability of the controller is demonstrated by Lyapunov stability analysis. An event‐triggered based on threshold band is suggested to lessen the amount of computation in the control process. Finally, the simulation outcomes further demonstrate how the suggested approach can greatly lessen the computational and communication cost while maintaining control performance.
Nucleus‐Targeting Photosensitizers Enhance Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Efficient Eradication of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Wang Peng , Bai Qingqing , Liu Xianglong , Zhao Minyang , Chen Lei , Hu Fang , Ye Jinzhou , Chen Xinhan , Wang Kang‐Nan , Liu Bin , Mao Duo
Published: November 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web‐like complexes of DNA and proteins that are extruded by activated neutrophils and play critical roles as major components of the innate immune response against pathogen invasion. However, some microbes have developed strategies to evade NET attacks, leading to impaired immune defenses and persistent infections. In this study, an engineered neutrophil strategy for enhancing the antibacterial activity of NETs is developed. A nucleus‐targeting photosensitizer (NCP) with strong reactive oxygen species production and a strong DNA‐binding capacity is synthesized. NCP‐loaded neutrophils are subsequently constructed via direct incubation of NCP with neutrophils, and the NCP is closely inserted into the nucleus DNA. Upon activation by bacteria‐related toxins, NCP‐coupled NETs can be released rapidly, actively trapping bacteria and providing a high local concentration of NCP around them. Both in vitro and in vivo results revealed that NCP‐coupled NETs can effectively eradicate various multidrug‐resistant bacteria and biofilms through photodynamic therapy, overcome bacterial immune evasion, and promote tissue recovery from severe wound infections. This design can significantly strengthen NET function, providing a non‐antibiotic alternative platform for treating bacterial infectious diseases.
Modulating Fibrotic Mechanical Microenvironment for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy
Authors: Li Xue‐Na , Lin Ya‐Ping , Han Meng‐Meng , Fang Yue‐Fei , Xing Lei , Jeong Jee‐Heon , Jiang Hu‐Lin
Published: November 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is exacerbated by injurious mechanical forces that destabilize the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment homeostasis, leading to alveolar dysfunction and exacerbating disease severity. However, given the inherent mechanosensitivity of fibrotic lungs, where type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC IIs) are subjected to persistent stretching and overactivated myofibroblasts experience malignant interactions during mechanotransduction, it becomes imperative to develop effective strategies to modulate the pulmonary mechanical microenvironment. Herein, cyclo (RGDfC) peptide‐decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles (named ZDFPR NPs) are constructed to target and repair the aberrant mechanical force levels in pathological lungs. Specifically, reduces mechanical tension in AEC IIs by pH‐responsive ZDFPR NPs that release zinc ions and 7, 8‐dihydroxyflavone to promote alveolar repair and differentiation. Meanwhile, malignant interactions between myofibroblast contractility and extracellular matrix stiffness during mechanotransduction are disrupted by the fasudil inhibition ROCK signaling pathway. The results show that ZDFPR NPs successfully restored pulmonary mechanical homeostasis and terminated the fibrosis process in bleomycin‐induced fibrotic mice. This study not only presents a promising strategy for modulating pulmonary mechanical microenvironment but also pioneers a novel avenue for IPF treatment.
Porous Molecular Crystals Derived from Cofacial Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Heterodimers
Authors: Stamos Nikolaos‐Angelos , Kerrigan Shannah , Stiven Alexander , Nichol Gary S. , Bezzu C. Grazia , Burt Luke , Moggach Stephen A. , Turner Gemma F. , McKeown Neil B.
Published: November 2024

Porphyrin‐based porous materials are of growing interest as heterogeneous catalysts especially for reactions that are of importance to sustainability. Here we demonstrate that porous molecular crystals can be prepared by the simple co‐crystallisation of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) with octa(2’,6’‐di‐iso‐propylphenoxy)phthalocyanine or some of its metal complexes [(dipPhO)8PcM; M=H2, Al−OH, Ti=O, Mn−Cl, Fe−Cl, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga−Cl, Ag, In−Cl or Au−Cl]. This process is facilitated by the efficient formation of the supramolecular heterodimer between TPP and (dipPhO)8PcM, which is driven by the complementary shape and symmetry of the two macrocycles. The (dipPhO)8PcM component directs the crystal structure of the heterodimers to form Phthalocyanine Nanoporous Crystals (PNCs) of similar structure to those formed by (dipPhO)8PcM alone. The incorporation of TPP appears to partially stabilise the PNCs towards the removal of included solvent and for cocrystals containing (dipPhO)8PcCo stability can be enhanced further by the insitu addition of 4,4‐bipyridyl to act as a “molecular wall tie”. These stabilised PNC/TPP cocrystals have a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SABET) of 454 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume (Vmp) of 0.22 mL g−1. The reactivity of both macrocycles within the PNC/TPP co‐crystals is demonstrated by insitu metal insertion.
A Phosphotriester‐Masked Dideoxy‐cGAMP Derivative as a Cell‐Permeable STING Agonist
Authors: Halbritter Anna‐Lena J. , Gärtner Yasmin V. , Nabiev Jahongir , Hernichel Fabian , Ganazzoli Giacomo , Özdemir Dilara , Pappa Aikaterini , Veth Simon , Stazzoni Samuele , Müller Markus , Hornung Veit , Carell Thomas
Published: November 2024

2′,3′‐Cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide second messenger in which guanosine and adenosine are connected by one 3′‐5′ and one 2′‐5′ phosphodiester linkage. It is formed in the cytosol upon detection of pathogenic DNA by the enzyme guanosine‐monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS). cGAMP subsequently binds to the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to elicit an innate immune response leading to the production of type I interferons and cytokines. STING agonists are a highly promising avenue for an immuno‐oncological anticancer therapy. A particular challenge with cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists are the two negative charges of the phosphodiester linkages, which strongly reduce the ability of such compounds to penetrate cell membranes. The development of cell‐permeable STING agonists that can stimulate the immune system enhancing their anticancer potency is currently of utmost importance in the field. Herein, we report the development of a dideoxy derivative of cGAMP as a phosphotriester prodrug, where the negative charge of the phosphate backbone has been masked with a thioester. We found that this thioester‐protected compound features a dramatic increase in its cellular potency that rises from EC50=5 μM to 25 nM. The new compound is envisioned to enable an efficient STING‐agonist‐based anticancer therapy.
Light‐Responsive Aldehyde‐Reduction Catalysis Through Catalyst Encapsulation
Authors: Ghosh Amit , Thoburn John D. , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: November 2024

We report a light‐responsive tetrahedral metal–organic capsule that binds a perrhenate catalyst, which is released selectively upon irradiation with 350 nm light, turning on the catalytic reduction of organic carbonyls by hydrosilanes. The catalytic activity can be switched off by heating at 75 °C for 2.5 h, which stimulates capsule reformation and catalyst re‐encapsulation. Multiple on‐off cycles were shown, with a clear relationship between product yield and light irradiation time. Encapsulation thus enables the coupling of light‐responsiveness to catalysis in a manner that might be generalized to other catalysts and capsules.
A Heterogeneous Phosphomolybdate Nanocatalyst Utilizes Vitamin B1 to Promote Solvent‐Free H2O2 Sulfoxidation Selectivity
Authors: Nakhaei Omolfarveh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Khani Rouhollah
Published: November 2024

Catalyst design and fabrication with safe and affordable components and methods is a high‐value‐added business. In this work, a vitamin‐based hybrid nanomaterial (PMoB1) is prepared by simple stirring of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1, VB1) as an inexpensive commercially available biologically active compound with phosphomolybdic acid (PMo12) in acidic aqueous solution to catalyze selective oxidation of sulfides using aqueous H2O2. A small amount of this heterogeneous catalyst drives rapidly the sulfoxidation reaction under mild and solvent‐free conditions facilitating the product separation and reducing significantly the environmental impacts. The main factors of the catalytic reaction were optimized by the central composite design (CCD) method. The solid catalyst tolerates a wide range of pH and retained its structural integrity even at alkaline solution (pH = 11). PMoB1 composed of two VB1 and one PMo12 was found to be partially reduced based on 13P NMR and UV–Vis spectra. An amorphous structure with aggregated nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 50 and 70 nm and a specific surface area of 35 m2/g are important reasons for enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity. Nevertheless, non‐covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and the π–π stacking can also significantly affect the catalyst performance. Given the scavenging tests and spectral evidences, a non‐radical mechanism involving peroxo species is postulated. The catalysis is shown to be truly heterogeneous while the solid catalyst largely maintains its structural integrity during the recycling test.
Pr3+‐Based Visible‐to‐Ultraviolet Upconversion. A minireview
Authors: Li Leipeng , Zi Lingzhu , Yang Furong , Feng Shiji , Wang Chunzheng , Yang Yanmin
Published: November 2024

Optical upconversion materials doped with lanthanides, such as Yb3+‐Er3+, Yb3+‐Ho3+, and Yb3+‐Tm3+ coped systems, have been intensively studied over the past two decades because they can convert long‐wavelength and low‐energy near‐infrared photons into short‐wavelength and high‐energy visible and UV light. Compared to these double‐doped systems, Pr3+‐doped inorganic materials are gradually gaining popularity and are expected to become a new hotspot in the field of upconversion materials research. However, comprehensive reviews of this issue are scarce. In this minireview, the basic characteristics of transitions of Pr3+ are briefly introduced. Next, it concentrates on strategies that have been explored for regulating the visible‐to‐UV upconversion efficiency. Subsequently, the potential applications of Pr3+‐doped visible‐to‐UV upconversion materials are summarized. Finally, the existing challenges and development trends are highlighted for Pr3+‐based visible‐to‐UV upconversion.
Do Positive and Negative Intergroup Contact Create Shifts in Ingroup and Outgroup Attitudes Over Time: A Three‐Wave Longitudinal Study Testing Alternative Mediation Models
Authors: Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Çoksan Sami , Turnuklu Abbas , Tercan Mustafa
Published: November 2024

The current study investigated how contact experiences may be associated with attitudes towards the ingroup and the outgroup using a three‐wave longitudinal study. We assessed Turkish native children's contact with Syrian refugees (N = 487, Mage = 10.60, SDage = 0.90) and explored relationships between initial contact and later ingroup and outgroup attitudes testing alternative mediation models. We also examined whether negative contact with outgroup members may directly or indirectly predict more positive ingroup attitudes. Findings demonstrated that positive contact was associated with both reduced ingroup positivity and increased outgroup positivity over time. However, unlike the traditionally suggested mediational pathway in contact‐deprovincialization literature, initial positive contact (T1) was associated with less positive ingroup attitudes (T3) through more positive outgroup attitudes at T2. There was no evidence for the role of negative intergroup contact on ingroup or outgroup attitudes. Findings are discussed within the broader scope of contact theory and the recently growing deprovincialization literature. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
In Vitro Evaluation of Endocrine‐Related Adverse Effects of 5‐Fluoroindole Derived Melatonin Analogues with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Ince‐Erguc Elif , Fatullayev Hanifa , Entezari Bita , Tekiner Betül , Süzen Sibel , Gurer‐Orhan Hande
Published: November 2024

Melatonin (MLT) is a natural indolic hormone with well documented antioxidant properties, but it can also modulate the estrogen signaling pathway by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptor modulating activity. This dual activity raises concerns about potential endocrine‐related adverse effects when using MLT and its analogues as therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress related diseases. In this study, 34 novel 5‐fluoroindole derivatives of MLT were synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant, estrogen receptor modulatory, and aromatase inhibitory activities.Three compounds (4c, 5c, and 6c) demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with compound 4c showing the highest efficacy in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 65 % in CHO‐K1 cells and displaying DPPH radical scavenging comparable to the standard antioxidant, BHT. However, these same compounds also exhibited antiestrogenic effects in the E‐Screen assay, with IC50 values of 3.36×10−5 M, 1.31×10−7 M, and 1.9×10−7 M, respectively, and inhibited aromatase activity by up to 29 % in a direct enzymatic assay. These findings indicate that, while the compounds have potent antioxidant properties, their significant antiestrogenic and aromatase inhibitory activities may pose risks for unintended endocrine related effects. Further studies are needed to better understand the implications of these activities in vivo and to balance the benefits and risks of such compounds in therapeutic applications.
Understanding factors that influence students' sense of belonging and engagement in a career exploration program: A mixed methods study
Authors: Watson Kathryn , Mahatmya Duhita , Ali Saba , Nicpon Megan Foley , Assouline Susan
Published: November 2024

The Talent Identification and Career Exploration (TICE) program, funded by a Jacob K. Javits grant, focuses on increasing underrepresented students’ participation in gifted and talented programs. Early identification for gifted and talented programs expands student learning experiences, and when students from marginalized groups are not identified, they are denied equal opportunity to maximize their potential and enter the appropriate career path. This study focused on sixth‐ and seventh‐grade students from a predominantly rural midwestern state who participated in TICE from 2020 to 2022. Students engaged in four modules focused on sensemaking of their strengths and potential future career matches. This mixed‐methods study used student feedback to understand the relationship between students’ feelings of belonging and learning format on student enjoyment of the modules. Results show that students’ sense of belonging was a significant predictor of student enjoyment for two of the four modules, and learning format was not a significant predictor of student enjoyment. Qualitative data revealed students valued working with each other and learned about themselves and careers for which they would be a potential match. Findings from the study can be applied to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of school‐based career interventions for talented student populations.
Basics and Advances of Manganese‐Based Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hashem Abdelmohsen Ahmed , El‐khodary Sherif A. , Ismail Nahla , Song Zhilong , Lian Jiabiao
Published: November 2024

It is greatly crucial to develop low‐cost energy storage candidates with high safety and stability to replace alkali metal systems for a sustainable future. Recently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have received tremendous interest owing to their low cost, high safety, wide oxidation states, and sophisticated fabrication process. Nanostructured manganese (Mn)‐based oxides in different polymorphs are the potential cathode materials for the widespread application of ZIBs. However, Mn‐based oxide materials suffer from several drawbacks, such as low electronic/ionic conductivity and poor cycling performance. To overcome these issues, various structural modification strategies have been adopted to enhance their electrochemical activity, including phase/defect engineering, doping with foreign atoms (e. g., metal and/or nonmetal atoms), and coupling with carbon materials or conducting polymers. Herein, this review targets to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the above‐mentioned strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of the cathodic part of ZIBs. The challenges and suggestions for the development of manganese oxides for ZIBs are put forward.
Gender‐Based Differences in the Biomechanical Behavior of the Thorax During CPR Maneuvers
Authors: Ferrón‐Vivó María , Rupérez María José
Published: November 2024

In this study, 18 rib cages (8 males and 10 females) were segmented from computer tomography (CT) images. In order to analyze the potential differences in thoracic biomechanics during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), a set of numerical experiments was conducted using finite elements (FE). Compression forces were applied at different points on the rib cage. Results indicated that the optimal compression area for both sexes is the sternum at the 5th rib level, requiring the least force to achieve the desired compression depth. Males required greater force than females. Among females, those with lower width/depth ratios (more rounded thoracic shape) required less force compared to those with higher ratios (more oval‐shaped thorax).
Bonding Interaction Within Concentric Structural Layers in Gold Superatoms. The Concentric Bond
Authors: Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro
Published: November 2024

Ligand‐protected gold clusters display a rich structural diversity, featuring remarkable structures such as Au25(SR)18, Au55(PPh3)12Cl6, and CuAu144(SR)603+, involving a central core composed of consecutive layers. The respective Au@Au12, Au@Au12@Au42, and Cu@Au12@Au42@Au60 cores with concentric structural layers enable a variable bonding/antibonding character between the electronic shells ascribed to each layer. Here, we rationalize the bonding within concentric structural layers in order to gain a further understanding of the related bonding patterns in such species. The proposed bonding concept differs from the classical situation in adjacent atoms, now being considered between concentric shells and, thus, coined as the concentric bond. From this approach, the bonding/antibonding character of each concentric shell is evaluated, and its contribution to the overall bonding is discussed. The concentric bond enables building a clear picture of the bonding acting in the overall cluster under the superatom concept. Such an approach expands the understanding of multi‐layered cluster cores and is useful to further rationalize the bonding situation in metallic nanostructures.
Double Carbon‐Species Coated Porous Silicon Anode Induced by Interfacial Energy Reduction for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lim Jong Hyeong , Won Kanghee , Jeong Hyung Mo , Shin Weon Ho , Won Jong Ho
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of electric vehicles necessitates high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries for extended range. Silicon is a promising alternative to graphite anodes due to its high capacity; however, its substantial volume expansion during cycling leads to continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase and significant capacity fading. This study addresses these issues by designing a porous Si structure combined with a double carbon‐species coating layer, induced by low interfacial energy in a scalable process. Carbon and graphene are located on Si surfaces, forming a close interface that maintains electrical contact, suppresses lithium consumption, and enhances charge transfer properties. The composite anode with a double carbon‐species coating on Si demonstrates rapid stabilization with increasing coulombic efficiency, achieving a specific capacity of 1,814 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a high‐rate capability of 1,356 mAh g−1 at 10 C. Additionally, in a full‐cell configuration with LiFePO4, it recorded a specific capacity of 161 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. These results show the potential of porous Si with a carbon‐graphene coating for stable, high‐capacity operation in Li‐ion batteries, offering new insights into high‐performance electrochemical systems. Moreover, the double carbon‐species coating derived from a scalable surface chemistry‐based process presents a realistic alternative for industrial applications.
The competency of the novel through‐the‐scope suture device for gastric mucosal defects: In vivo study in a porcine model (with video)
Authors: Ito Mamoru , Dobashi Akira , Tominaga Takanori , Futakuchi Toshiki , Tamai Naoto , Suka Machi , Sumiyama Kazuki
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic closures of mucosal defects following endoscopic resection can be challenging and time‐consuming. The novel through‐the‐scope suture device has demonstrated acceptable closure times, but its learning curve is still unknown. This study aims to evaluate the number of cases required to achieve competency in this device.

Methods

Two endoscopists participated; a novice with less than 400 experiences in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and an expert with over 500 experiences in endoscopic submucosal dissection. Neither endoscopist had previous exposure to the device. In four porcine models, 24 gastric mucosal defects, each 2–4 cm in diameter, were created by endoscopic mucosal resection with ligation. Each endoscopist performed endoscopic closure for 12 mucosal defects with a single through‐the‐scope suture device per lesion. The primary endpoint was the number of cases needed to reach competency, defined as achieving a procedure time below the average closure time reported in the literature. Secondary endpoints included procedure time, complete closure success rates, and incidence of adverse events.

Results

The mean defect size was 2.9 (±0.2) cm. Competency was achieved after six cases in the expert and seven cases in the novice. The median closure time was 9.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.0–11.0) min for the expert and 8.0 (IQR: 6.2–9.7) min for the novice (p = 0.862). Complete closure success rates were 75.0% (n = 9) for the expert and 83.3% (n = 10) for the novice. No adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

A small number of cases were required for both expert and novice endoscopists to reach competency in the novel through‐the‐scope suture device.