bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre a história e a memória, o estudo psicossocial das memórias históricas
Authors: Sá Celso Pereira de
Published: September 2015

O artigo aborda a noção de "memórias históricas", a qual, como uma instância conceitual do fenômeno da memória social, designa as "memórias da história" construídas por populações que estiveram implicadas em fatos que se tornaram "históricos". Este estudo é da alçada da psicologia social, não tendo qualquer implicação para a produção científica da história. Assim, busca-se distingui-las das "histórias memoriais", que constituem um tipo alternativo de história, a partir das lembranças de participantes de determinados eventos, sem submetê-los nem aos critérios clássicos da pesquisa histórica nem a uma rigorosa análise psicossocial. Conclui-se que, entendidas como um empreendimento acadêmico na tradição da psicologia social, as "memórias históricas" não advogam qualquer relação com a verdade histórica. Elas são concebidas como memórias, não como história, cujos produtos não dão conta exclusiva da sua determinação, visto haver mais na memória histórica do que a história seria capaz de suprir.
Representaciones sociales del pasado y rituales de justicia transicional en América Latina
Authors: Martínez Maitane Arnoso , Rovira Darío Páez , Cárdenas Manuel , Zubieta Elena , Espinosa Agustín , Bilbao Marian
Published: September 2015

La presente investigación exploró las opiniones de una muestra de la población de 5 países latinoamericanos (N= 4900) respecto a cómo abordar el pasado político referido a las violaciones de los derechos humanos. En general, se constata un amplio acuerdo en términos de la necesidad de recordar el pasado, siendo este acuerdo mayor en las víctimas y las personas de izquierda, quienes, además, manifiestan más necesidad de compartir socialmente sobre los hechos y quienes mejor valoran las medidas de justicia transicional implementadas. Aunque las disculpas son evaluadas de forma crítica en general, una visión más positiva de las disculpas se asoció con una mejor percepción del clima emocional. Mientras en Argentina y Paraguay la sinceridad y eficacia percibida en las disculpas son mayores entre las víctimas y las personas de izquierda, en el caso chileno la relación es inversa. Los resultados se discuten en el marco de las representaciones sociales del pasado.
Identidad personal y subjetividad social: educación y constitución subjetiva
Authors: Seidmann Susana
Published: September 2015

La constitución subjetiva en nuestra sociedad contemporánea debe ser abordada dentro de la compleja trama de relaciones intersubjetivas y desde diferentes formulaciones teóricas. La construcción del sujeto involucra la existencia de un "otro", que le da sentido a su existencia y a la constitución/adquisición de identidades sociales/colectivas. Ese proceso se aborda en términos de representaciones sociales, como expresión del sentido común, que se desarrollan en complejos procesos que involucran estabilidad de largo alcance y antinomias -themata- que definen las situaciones de tensión, inherentes y propias, del devenir del sentido común. Se considerarán cuatro procesos psicosociales: 1) La Identidad como producto intersubjetivo. 2) La Representación social como expresión de la identidad. 3) Los themata como constitutivos de la Representación social. 4) La interdependencia simbólica Yo/Otros. Se ilustrará con ejemplos de dos investigaciones, en Ciers-ed y en Universidad de Buenos Aires sobre educación
Subjetividade social docente: elementos para um debate sobre "políticas de subjetividade"
Authors: Novaes Adelina
Published: September 2015

Com vistas a cercar o constructo "subjetividade social" e contribuir com um elemento conceitual que favoreça aquilo que Tedesco (2004) denominou "políticas de subjetividade", este artigo envida esforços teóricos e empíricos ao discutir os objetos relativos à profissionalização docente. O debate se inicia com a apresentação de elementos que permitiram aproximar o cerco do constructo perseguido. Com a pretensão de fazer uma articulação entre a constituição da subjetividade do docente e sua profissionalização, o texto busca ainda ilustrar como os resultados da investigação desenvolvida têm alimentado as análises e contribuído para definir contornos mais precisos daquilo que a literatura ainda apresenta de maneira difusa ao evidenciar que a abordagem psicossocial das representações sociais permite a construção de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar da educação.
História, memória e representações sociais: por uma abordagem crítica e interdisciplinar
Authors: Villas Bôas Lúcia
Published: September 2015

Ao resgatar aspectos da discussão de que a história possui uma memória, pretende-se indicar alguns desafios relacionados aos estudos baseados na teoria das representações sociais e em sua historicidade. As discussões aqui propostas fundamentam-se, sobretudo, na produção de Paul Ricoeur e nas historiografias francesa e brasileira, de modo a entender memória e história como "regimes de gestão do passado". Apontando-se algumas singularidades do atual "regime de historicidade", em que há uma fratura entre "espaço de experiência" e "horizonte de expectativa", destacam-se algumas consequências acerca dos usos públicos da memória e da história, por meio de breves menções ao golpe militar brasileiro e à criação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, que servem de provocação para a abordagem das representações sociais.
ANTISSÉPTICOS E/OU DESINFETANTES: DETERIORAÇÃO E CONTAMINAÇÃO
Authors: Moriya Tokico Murakawa , Cologna Maria Helena Yasuko Takeno , Solé-Vemin Carlos , Machado Maria Helena
Published: September 2015

Os autores realizaram um estudo bacteriológico de alguns antissépticos e/ou desinfetantes com objetivo de verificar as condições dos mesmos no que concerne a contaminação por microrganismos, quando permanecem nos carrinhos de curativos, para uso rotineiro, por um período de 4 semanas.Os antissépticos e/ou desinfetantes estudados foram: líquido de Dakin, merthiolate cobrido, álcool iodado a 2%, sterylderme, álcool 96º GL.água oxigenada, mercúrio cromo e benzina (produto não classificado como antisséptico e/ou desinfetante).No trabalho em questão observou-se colonização por microrganismos nas soluções de líquido de Dakin, álcool a 96º GL e benzina.
Facies and depositional environments for the coquinas of the Morro do Chaves Formation, Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, defined by taphonomic and compositional criteria
Authors: Tavares Ana Carolina , Borghi Leonardo , Corbett Patrick , Nobre-Lopes Jane , Câmara Raphael
Published: September 2015

Lacustrine carbonate rocks form important hydrocarbon accumulations along the Brazilian continental margin, some of which are contained in oil fields in which coquinas are one of the main reservoirs (viz. Campos Basin). The complexity and heterogeneity of these deposits make them a challenge in terms of reservoir description. For the necessary classification and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the coquinas, it is essential to evaluate many aspects including biological (such as carbonate productivity), sedimentological (energy regime in the depositional environment, transport of bioclasts, terrigenous supply), taphonomic (fragmentation of shells, abrasion) and diagenetic processes. The facies analysis applied in this study is considered a more appropriate classification approach to understand these coquinas, since it is more flexible and comprehensive than the existing classifications for carbonate rocks. The material investigated here consists of rock samples of the coquinas from the Atol Quarry of the Morro do Chaves Formation (Barremian/Aptian), Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. These rocks that crop out in the Atol quarry complex can be considered as a case study for similar coquinas reservoirs found in the Brazilian continental margin basins. Six sedimentary facies were described, using the main taphonomic (fragmentation of shells) and compositional (presence of micrite and siliciclastic matrix) features as a diagnostic criteria. Two carbonate facies, two mixed carbonate-siliciclastic facies and two siliciclastic facies (mudstones) were identified. From the facies succession, combined with a review of the literature on the subject, the following depositional paleoenvironments were defined: high-energy lake platform, lacustrine delta in a high-energy lake platform and lake-centre. In this paper, a new facies model for the studied coquinas succession is proposed.
Influência da pressão e temperatura na cristalinidade da illita em sequências Proterozoicas: Norte do Distrito Federal e Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Campos Laura Flores Brant , Guimarães Edi Mendes , Barroso Rafael Henrique Grudka , Gomes André Walczuk
Published: September 2015

As sequências Proterozoicas, ao Norte no Distrito Federal e na região de Bezerra e Vila Boa (Goiás), são constituídas por calcários e dolomitos, pelitos e arenitos correspondentes aos Grupos Bambuí e Paranoá. No Distrito Federal, tais unidades são sobrepostas tectonicamente por rochas metassedimentares de fácies xisto-verde do Grupo Canastra. Entre os constituintes minerais dos termos pelíticos de todas estas unidades, predominam os filossilicatos, particularmente a illita e a muscovita, identificados por difração de Raios X, com o auxílio de decomposição da reflexão em d(001). O Índice de Kübler (Índice de Cristalinidade da Illita) complementa a interpretação da diagênese local e da possível influência de carga tectônica sobre diagênese/metamorfismo, resultante da sobreposição por falha de empurrão das rochas do Grupo Canastra sobre aquelas dos grupos Paranoá e Bambuí, na região do Distrito Federal. Os resultados indicam condições de epizona para as amostras analisadas do Grupo Canastra e anquizona para aquelas dos Grupos Bambuí e Paranoá, sendo que os valores do Índice de Kübler são menores nas rochas expostas ao norte do Distrito Federal do que na região de Bezerra, em Vila Boa. Além disso, os índices das rochas do Grupo Bambuí são inferiores aos do Paranoá em toda a região estudada, indicando que a influência da carga tectônica ocorre de forma gradativa, partindo do ponto de maior carga.
Adjustment of oxygen use by means of pulse oximetry: an important tool for patient safety
Authors: Mendes Telma de Almeida Busch , Andreoli Paola Bruno de Araújo , Cavalheiro Leny Vieira , Talerman Claudia , Laselva Claudia
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess patient's level of oxygenation by means of pulse oximetry, avoiding hypoxia (that causes rapid and severe damage), hyperoxia, and waste. Methods: Calculations were made with a 7% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval. Physical therapists were instructed to check pulse oximetry of all patients with prescriptions for physical therapy, observing the scheduled number of procedures. Results: A total of 129 patients were evaluated. Hyperoxia predominated in the sectors in which the patient was constantly monitored and hypoxia in the sectors in which monitoring was not continuous. Conclusions: Professionals involved in patient care must be made aware of the importance of adjusting oxygen use and the risk that non-adjustment represents in terms of quality of care and patient safety.
Evaluation of semen parameters in semen donors in a ten-year period in the city of São Paulo
Authors: Glina Sidney , Nova Thiago , Brand Vera Beatriz Fehér , Molina Erica , Galuppo Andrea Giannotti , Correa Nadeje Regina , Moreira Frederico Rafael
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate sperm concentration, morphology and motility of Brazilian semen donors from 1992 to 2003, in the city of São Paulo. Methods: Retrospective study analyzing 182 donor semen samples from 1992 to 2003. The first and the second donated sample were analyzed for each donor. Donor average age was 30.8 years. Means with standard errors, medians with minimum and maximum values, and interquartile ranges were calculated for age, sperm concentration, semen volume, oval morphology and motility. The relation between each characteristic of the semen samples and the year of donation, as well as donor age and season of the year were studied by linear and multiple regression analysis. Results: Linear regression analysis showed that the sperm concentration (R2 = 19.1%, R2 = 20.2%, p < 0.0001 respectively) and the oval morphology (R2 = 13%; R2 = 13.5%; p < 0.0001, respectively) decreased significantly, even when the first or the second sperm collection is considered. The ejaculated volume showed slight increase during the period for both samples (R2 = 2.2%, p = 0.048; R-sq = 2.4%. p = 0.038, respectively). All characteristics did not depend on the donors’ age or season of the year when the samples were obtained. Conclusions: There was a decrease in spermatic concentration and percentage of oval sperm of semen donors samples from 1992 to 2003, in the city of São Paulo.
A descriptive study of prostate cancer mortality in the state of São Paulo, from 1980 to 2007
Authors: Serpa Neto Ary , Tobias-Machado Marcos , Wroclawski Marcelo Langer , Akerman Marco , Pompeo Antônio Carlos Lima , Giglio Auro Del
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasm among men worldwide. This study aimed to examine the trend in mortality rates of prostate cancer among the population in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1980 to 2007. Methods: a descriptive study of temporal series was conducted using mortality data due to prostate cancer between1980 and 2007 in the state of São Paulo. Mortality rates were obtained from the SUS Information System on Mortality (SIM/SUS – DATASUS). The age-specific mortality rates were calculated as well as linear regression and temporal trend analysis. Results: It could be observed that mortality increased according to age, being very similar only between the age group 70-79 years and ≥ 80 years (p = 0.047). The mortality peak in the age group 50-79 years occurred at the same time; however, the drop in mortality rates since then has been much more pronounced in the group of 50-59 years. There was a linear increase and direct association between the number of biopsies and the incidence of prostate cancer (r = 0.714, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a major cause of mortality in São Paulo and effective screening and treatment measures should be adopted to improve this scenario.
Amount of tobacco consumption is associated with superficial bladder cancer progression
Authors: Korkes Fernando , Juliano César Augusto Braz , Bunduky Maria Alice Peluso , Costa Ana Carolina Duarte Martins , Castro Marilia Germanos de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between smoking habits and outcome of patients with superficial bladder cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed evaluating 99 patients (67.0 ± 13.2 years, ranging from 31.4-93.4 years, 72.7% males and 27.3% females) treated at our institution with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer, between 1994 and 2000, with a mean follow-up of 49.3 months (range 4.0-177.9 months). Patients were divided according to smoking status, and the main measured outcome was progression to invasive disease. Additional cohort analysis was performed dividing patients according to previous tobacco exposure: smokers and non-smokers. Smokers were stratified into former smokers, early-quitters, late quitters and continued smokers. Results: Smoking habit was significantly more common in males (p = 0.03). Cancer also occurred at an earlier age among smokers (70.8 versus 64.8 years, p = 0.030). Tobacco consumption was present in 62.7% of the patients with bladder cancer. There was a significant higher progression rate to muscle-invasive disease in patients that had more than 60 pack-years of exposure (52.9 versus 26.2%, p = 0.037). These patients had a mean progression time of 59.3 months, whereas patients who had smoked less than 60 pack-years progressed after a mean time of 131.8 months. Conclusions: A direct association between the amount of tobacco consumed and disease progression is observed in patients with bladder cancer, as suggested by the present study. Tobacco consumption has a direct association with progression of superficial bladder cancer to invasive disease and also shortens the period of time for muscle invasion. Larger and prospective studies are still necessary to bring further definitive conclusions about reproducibility of our data and to better understand how smoking cessation affects progression of superficial bladder cancer.
Sexuality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: Silva Jucilene Sales da Paixão , Fonseca Angela Maggio da , Bagnoli Vicente Renato , Cavalcanti Ana Lucia , Soares Jr José Maria , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and the relationship between sexual behavior and the clinical parameters related to this syndrome (obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 48 women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The evaluation was based on the complaints reported by the women with particular emphasis on sexual satisfaction, the presence of a sexual partner, phases of the sexual response cycle (desire, arousal, orgasm and resolution phases), sexual frequency, practice of masturbation, evaluation of less usual sexual habits, degree of intimacy and the quality of communication in the women's involvement with their sexual partner. The variables of sexual behavior (sexual satisfaction, masturbation, sexual fantasies, frequency of desire, arousal and orgasm) were compared with three clinical parameters: menstrual cycle, hirsutism and body mass index (BMI). Results: The sexual initiation, ways of expressing sexuality, communication and intimacy with partner and sexual satisfaction were not influenced by the clinical aspects of the syndrome. With respect to association of polycystic ovary syndrome clinical parameters with sexual behavior, a statistically significant correlation was found with the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: The absence of menstruation affected sexual interest in activities not involving the partner, thus increasing the frequency of masturbation.
Delayed traumatic spinal epidural hematoma with neurological deficits
Authors: Rodrigues Luciano Miller Reis , Abreu Felipe , Fujiki Edison Noboru , Milani Carlo
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT To describe the mechanism that causes spinal epidural hematoma with neurologic deficit and review the literature. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with post-traumatic epidural hematoma in the cervicothoracic spine, who developed progressive neurological deficit which eventually resulted in complete paralysis below T1. During surgical evacuation significant spine compression due to an organizing hematoma was observed. After surgery, the patient's motor function improved and there was a complete recovery of the neurologic deficit after a rehabilitation program. Conclusion: Epidural hematoma can happen after delayed traumatic event leading to a variable degree of neurologic damage.
Severe osteogenesis imperfecta: case report
Authors: Bastos Fernando , Perez Liliana Thaureaux , Narváes Caridad Ponce de León , Costa Olívia , Silva Rui Carlos Souto da , Van-Dunem Joaquim Carlos Vicente Dias , Miranda Sandra Maria da Rocha Neto de , Cordeiro Lemuel Bornelli , Maia Patrícia Conceição Silvia , Airosa Leonídia de Fátima Lopes Marques , Menezes Aida de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT The authors present a case of Osteogenesis Imperfecta, emphasizing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics, forms of classification and treatment of the disease. This is an important case not only to the knowledge of pediatricians and orthopedists, but also for other professionals involved with the problem. This article has been jointly described by the Departments of Pediatrics and Neonatology of the Girassol Clinic in Luanda Capital of the Republic of Angola, Africa.
Endovascular surgery in gynecology
Authors: Messina Marcos de Lorenzo , Deutsch Fernanda , Zlotnik Eduardo , Nasser Felipe , Affonso Breno Boueri , Melo Nilson Roberto de , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Endovascular surgery has presented a high evolution since 1960 with Charles Dotter, who changed the concept of catheter utilization as a mean to diagnose and introduce therapeutic in interventionist vascular environment. The first reports of bleeding control of gastrointestinal and transluminal angioplasty input the development of new techniques for endovascular access, and new materials use, such as microcatheters and embolic agents, become this procedure effective and viable for treatment of several pathologies. The embolization of several organs of human body is a procedure carried out for more than 30 years all over the world showing safety, efficacy and of simple execution. In obstetrics and gynecology, particularly, the first reports refer to pelvic hemorrhage control of varied etiology, including pelvic trauma, bladder and gynecology neoplasia, anteriovenous fistulas and puerperal hemorrhages. The embolization of uterine myoma appears in the 1990's as an alternative for treat of uterine leiomyoma, and a number of studies try to clarify the risks and benefits of this procedure. It is a multidisciplinary technique, with diagnostic and indication performed by gynecologist and the procedure done by interventional vascular radiologist. This review is a critical analysis of interventionist vascular radiologic methods and its main therapeutic indications in gynecology.
A Walk-and-Eat Intervention Improves Outcomes for Patients With Esophageal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Xu Yu-Juan , Cheng Jason Chia-Hsien , Lee Jang-Ming , Huang Pei-Ming , Huang Guan-Hua , Chen Cheryl Chia-Hui
Published: September 2015

Background.

Preserving functional walking capacity and nutritional status is important for patients with esophageal cancer, but no effective intervention is available, particularly during active treatment.

Methods.

This pilot randomized controlled trial tested the effects of a walk-and-eat intervention for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Participants with locally advanced esophageal cancer stage IIB or higher (n = 59) were randomly assigned to receive the walk-and-eat intervention (n = 30; nurse-supervised walking three times per week and weekly nutritional advice) or usual care (n = 29; control group) during 4–5 weeks of chemoradiotherapy. Primary endpoints were changes in distance on the 6-minute walk test, hand-grip strength, lean muscle mass, and body weight between initiation and completion of intervention.

Results.

Participants (mean age: 59.6 years) were mostly male (92.9%) with squamous cell carcinoma (96.4%). During chemoradiotherapy, participants who received the walk-and-eat intervention had 100-m less decline than controls in walk distance (adjusted p = .012), 3-kg less decrease in hand-grip strength (adjusted p = .002), and 2.7-kg less reduction in body weight (adjusted p < .001), regardless of age. The intervention group also had significantly lower rates of need for intravenous nutritional support and wheelchair use.

Conclusion.

The nurse-led walk-and-eat intervention is feasible and effective to preserve functional walking capacity and nutritional status for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Implications for Practice:

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer patients often comes with side effects that affect patients’ appetite and body weight and lead to a marked decrease in physical activity that may reduce strength, muscle mass, and functional walking capacity. This study shows that these side effects may be reduced in esophageal cancer patients who participate in a walk-and-eat intervention. Nurses can implement this intervention in radiation oncology departments, provided physician and nursing leadership cooperate to achieve compliance with the protocols.
Indices of Biodiversity Pattern Based on Presence-Absence Matrices: A GIS Implementation
Authors: Soberon Jorge , Cavner Jeff
Published: September 2015

In this work we present mathematical notation and formulae relating a number of indices of the biodiversity pattern of an aggregate of species, and an Open Source implementation of them as a plug-in for the increasingly popular Open Source geographical information system Quantum GIS. We provide detailed formulae relating three indices of beta diversity, two of pattern of nestedness, one of checkerboard pattern, and two of ratios of variances. The above is done by deriving six vectors from the full presence-absence matrix. Our GIS implementation is done via Web Services, tapping the LifeMapper platform for calculating potential species distributions.
Профессиональная подготовка учителя иностранного языка в 90-е годы XIX в. — в начале XX в.
Authors: Vetchinova Marina , Gerasenkova Polina
Published: September 2015

На рубеже XIX–XX вв. была предельно точно обозначена цель преподавания иностранного языка — изучение культуры иного народа. Рассматриваются факторы, способствующие росту профессионального мастерства и педагогической культуры учителей иностранного языка, а также условия совершенствования их знаний и творческих способностей. Приводятся высказывания известных языковедов, передовых учителей иностранного языка, общественных деятелей данного исторического периода о возможных путях повышения квалификации учителя иностранного языка.
Российская школа: альтернатива модернизации сверху
Authors: Zakharov Andrey , Froumin Isak , Kuzminov Yaroslav
Published: September 2015

Анализируются основные вызовы современному школьному образованию и успешный опыт ответов на эти вызовы в разных странах. На основе результатов международных обследований качества образования и сравнительных образовательных исследований обсуждаются конкурентные преимущества российской системы образования и потенциал ее развития. Сегодня российскую школьную систему можно считать «скорее хорошей» — между «удовлетворительной» и «хорошей» по классификации компании «МакКинзи». Для перехода в разряд «очень хороших» или «отличных» можно применять разные варианты стратегий. В постсоветский период активно использовались реформирование системы в целом и ликвидация отставания. Эти стратегии опираются на администрирование как на основной ресурс. Они очень затратные, нечувствительны к локальным особенностям системы и способствуют накоплению «усталости от перемен». Возможна третья стратегия — развитие сильных сторон. Основным источником обновления в этом сценарии является инициатива и интерес успешных исследователей, педагогов и школ. Этот подход можно назвать гуманитарной модернизацией образования. Обсуждаются возможности использования данной стратегии в современных условиях и комплекс мер по закреплению и использованию конкурентных преимуществ в российской образовательной системе.
Hotel-type nursing and ethical dilemmas due to business interests
Authors: Zupančič Vesna
Published: September 2015

Introduction: In the age of neoliberalism, there are differences in the implementation of nursing activities due to business interests being integrated into nurse-patient relationships. An example of this is hotel-type nursing, which involves fulfilling patients’ needs by charging for nursing services (or by charging an additional fee for extra services). Whether this constitutes a contemporary nursing development or a danger is an important question.  This paper explores an approach to resolving ethical dilemmas, which often emerge when the interests of businesses, nurses, and patients are integrated, as contemporary nursing is implemented according to community care principles.Methods: In a case study of nurses’ activities conducted in June 2013 and 2014 in three different institutions, the methods of observation and interviews were used. The collected data were analyzed using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) methodology, and then verified and updated with a power diagram qualitative interpretation and the Decide, Establish, Consider, Identify, Develop, and Implement (DECIDE) decision-making model.Results: Based on my study of hotel-type nursing, an approach to resolving ethical dilemmas which arise with the integration of business interests into nurse-patient relationships is explained.Discussion: Hotel-type nursing involves an adaptation by nurses to a change in their relationship with the patient. This adaptation must ensure that the nurse’s professionalism is recognized as being significantly more beneficial to the patient than a reduction of the nurse’s role to one of simply fulfilling a patient’s wishes.Conclusion: Hotel-type nursing can be advantageous in the development of contemporary nursing if nurses adhere to high ethical standards and practice self-control.
Eksistensi Advokat Sebagai Profesi Terhormat (Officium Nobile) dalam Sistem Negara Hukum di Indonesia
Authors: Hafidzi Anwar
Published: September 2015

As mentioned in 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia article 1(3), Indonesia is a country of law. Reformation era has changed law system in Indonesia and given a big opportunity for law enforcement, espe- cially for advocate profession other than judicial power. As we know, advo- cate profession has been regulated in Laws No. 18 Year 2003 about advocate. According to that provision, advocate is in position as law enforcement, free and Independent which is guaranteed by laws and regulations, so that the exist- ence has the logical consequence that the advocate is aofficium nobille and have the same or equal position with other law enforcement authorities whom au- thorities also been determined by the laws and regulations in Indonesia, such as judges, prosecutors, and police. Sometimes ago , there were problems in regu- lating professional advocate which had caused heated debate among legal ex- perts, legislators and legal practitioners. It is because a submission of a draft of Law to amend the provisions of Law No. 18 year 2003 about the advocate.Kata Kunci : Advokat, Profesi Terhormat (Officium Nobile), Sistem Negara Hukum Indonesia.
Energy audit in small wastewater treatment plants: methodology, energy consumption indicators, and lessons learned
Authors: Foladori P. , Vaccari M. , Vitali F.
Published: September 2015

Energy audits in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reveal large differences in the energy consumption in the various stages, depending also on the indicators used in the audits. This work is aimed at formulating a suitable methodology to perform audits in WWTPs and identifying the most suitable key energy consumption indicators for comparison among different plants and benchmarking. Hydraulic-based stages, stages based on chemical oxygen demand, sludge-based stages and building stages were distinguished in WWTPs and analysed with different energy indicators. Detailed energy audits were carried out on five small WWTPs treating less than 10,000 population equivalent and using continuous data for 2 years. The plants have in common a low designed capacity utilization (52% on average) and equipment oversizing which leads to waste of energy in the absence of controls and inverters (a common situation in small plants). The study confirms that there are several opportunities for reducing energy consumption in small WWTPs: in addition to the pumping of influent wastewater and aeration, small plants demonstrate low energy efficiency in recirculation of settled sludge and in aerobic stabilization. Denitrification above 75% is ensured through intermittent aeration and without recirculation of mixed liquor. Automation in place of manual controls is mandatory in illumination and electrical heating.
Impact of Stormwater Discharges on Water Quality in Coastal Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Schiff Kenneth , Luk Brenda , Gregorio Dominic
Published: September 2015

Marine protected areas worldwide limit harvest to protect sensitive fisheries, but rarely do they address water quality goals that may have equally demonstrable impacts. California has over 500 coastal shoreline miles of marine protected areas designated as Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS), but receives untreated wet weather runoff discharges from over 1600 storm drain outfalls. The goal of this study was to assess the extent and magnitude of water quality impacts in ASBS following storm events. A stratified probabilistic design was used for sampling receiving water shorelines near (discharge) and far (non‐discharge) from storm drain outfalls. In general, reasonably good water quality exists in California's ASBS following storm events. Many of the target analytes measured did not exceed water quality standards. The post‐storm concentrations of most constituents in discharge and non‐discharge strata of ASBS were similar. The three potentially problematic parameters identified were total PAH, chromium, and copper.
Effects of Stormwater Pipe Size and Rainfall on Sediment and Nutrients Delivered to a Coastal Bayou
Authors: Grigas Daniel , Lehrter John , Cebrian Just , Chen Yushun , Ehmen Brenna , Woodrey Mark
Published: September 2015

Pollutants discharged from stormwater pipes can cause water quality and ecosystem problems in coastal bayous. A study was conducted to characterize sediment and nutrients discharged by small and large (< 20 cm and >20 cm in internal diameters, respectively) pipes under different rainfall intensities (< 2.54 cm and > 2.54 cm, respectively). Results showed that large pipes had greater discharge than small pipes. Pollutants concentrations did not vary by pipe size. Large pipes had greater loads of TSS (138.2 vs. 24.0 mg/s), NO3− (5.54 vs. 2.74 mg/s), and NH4+ (0.39 vs. 0.19 mg/s) than small pipes. Neither discharge nor constituents varied by rainfall events. Pipe size may be a useful metric for estimating loads to a system. Nutrient reduction efforts should be directed to reducing the dissolved nutrient pools, while stormwater management efforts should be directed to reducing pipe freshwater discharge volumes that drive constituent loads.
Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Methane from Duckweed Ponds for Stormwater Treatment
Authors: Dai Jingjing , Zhang Chiqian , Lin Chung‐Ho , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: September 2015

ABSRACT: 

This study determined the greenhouse gas emission from two laboratory‐scale duckweed ponds for stormwater treatment. The rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the two duckweed systems was 1472 ± 721 mg/m2·d and 626 ± 234 mg/m2·d, respectively. After the removal of duckweeds, CO2 emissions decreased to 492 ± 281 mg/m2·d and 395 ± 53 mg/m2·d, respectively. The higher CO2 emissions in the duckweed systems were attributed to duckweed biomass decay on the pond soil surface. A thin‐film model was able to predict the increasing CO2 concentrations in the closed static chamber during 2 weeks of sampling. The initial methane fluxes from the duckweed systems were 299 ± 74 mg/m2·d and 180 ± 91 mg/m2·d, respectively. After the removal of duckweeds, the flux increased to 559 ± 215 mg/m2·d and 328 ± 114 mg/m2·d, respectively.
Critical Review of Technical Questions Facing Low Impact Development and Green Infrastructure: A Perspective from the Great Plains
Authors: Vogel Jason R. , Moore Trisha L. , Coffman Reid R. , Rodie Steven N. , Hutchinson Stacy L. , McDonough Kelsey R. , McLemore Alex J. , McMaine John T.
Published: September 2015

Since its inception, Low Impact Development (LID) has become part of urban stormwater management across the United States, marking progress in the gradual transition from centralized to distributed runoff management infrastructure. The ultimate goal of LID is full, cost‐effective implementation to maximize watershed‐scale ecosystem services and enhance resilience. To reach that goal in the Great Plains, the multi‐disciplinary author team presents this critical review based on thirteen technical questions within the context of regional climate and socioeconomics across increasing complexities in scale and function. Although some progress has been made, much remains to be done including continued basic and applied research, development of local LID design specifications, local demonstrations, and identifying funding mechanisms for these solutions. Within the Great Plains and beyond, by addressing these technical questions within a local context, the goal of widespread acceptance of LID can be achieved, resulting in more effective and resilient stormwater management.
Roofing Materials Assessment: Investigation of Five Metals in Runoff from Roofing Materials
Authors: Winters Nancy , Granuke Kyle , McCall Melissa
Published: September 2015

To assess the contribution of five toxic metals from new roofing materials to stormwater, runoff was collected from 14 types of roofing materials and controls during 20 rain events and analyzed for metals. Many of the new roofing materials evaluated did not show elevated metals concentrations in the runoff. Runoff from several other roofing materials was significantly higher than the controls for arsenic, copper, and zinc. Notably, treated wood shakes released arsenic and copper, copper roofing released copper, PVC roofing released arsenic, and Zincalume® and EPDM roofing released zinc. For the runoff from some of the roofing materials, metals concentrations decreased significantly over an approximately one‐year period of aging. Metals concentrations in runoff were demonstrated to depend on a number of factors, such as roofing materials, age of the materials, and climatic conditions. Thus, application of runoff concentrations from roofing materials to estimate basin‐wide releases should be undertaken cautiously.
Intravitreal AAV2.COMP-Ang1 Prevents Neurovascular Degeneration in a Murine Model of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Cahoon Judd M. , Rai Ruju R. , Carroll Lara S. , Uehara Hironori , Zhang Xiaohui , O’Neil Christina L. , Medina Reinhold J. , Das Subtrata K. , Muddana Santosh K. , Olson Paul R. , Nielson Spencer , Walker Kortnie , Flood Maggie M. , Messenger Wyatt B. , Archer Bonnie J. , Barabas Peter , Krizaj David , Gibson Christopher C. , Li Dean Y. , Koh Gou Y. , Gao Guangping , Stitt Alan W. , Ambati Balamurali K.
Published: September 2015

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population in the U.S. The vision-threatening processes of neuroglial and vascular dysfunction in DR occur in concert, driven by hyperglycemia and propelled by a pathway of inflammation, ischemia, vasodegeneration, and breakdown of the blood retinal barrier. Currently, no therapies exist for normalizing the vasculature in DR. Here, we show that a single intravitreal dose of adeno-associated virus serotype 2 encoding a more stable, soluble, and potent form of angiopoietin 1 (AAV2.COMP-Ang1) can ameliorate the structural and functional hallmarks of DR in Ins2Akita mice, with sustained effects observed through six months. In early DR, AAV2.COMP-Ang1 restored leukocyte-endothelial interaction, retinal oxygenation, vascular density, vascular marker expression, vessel permeability, retinal thickness, inner retinal cellularity, and retinal neurophysiological response to levels comparable with nondiabetic controls. In late DR, AAV2.COMP-Ang1 enhanced the therapeutic benefit of intravitreally delivered endothelial colony-forming cells by promoting their integration into the vasculature and thereby stemming further visual decline. AAV2.COMP-Ang1 single-dose gene therapy can prevent neurovascular pathology, support vascular regeneration, and stabilize vision in DR.
Insulin-Inducible SMILE Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis
Authors: Lee Ji-Min , Seo Woo-Young , Han Hye-Sook , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Lee Yong-Soo , Kim Don-Kyu , Choi Seri , Choi Byeong Hun , Harris Robert A. , Lee Chul-Ho , Koo Seung-Hoi , Choi Hueng-Sik
Published: September 2015

The role of a glucagon/cAMP-dependent protein kinase–inducible coactivator PGC-1α signaling pathway is well characterized in hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, an opposing protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt-inducible corepressor signaling pathway is unknown. A previous report has demonstrated that small heterodimer partner–interacting leucine zipper protein (SMILE) regulates the nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors that control hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, we show that hepatic SMILE expression was induced by feeding in normal mice but not in db/db and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Interestingly, SMILE expression was induced by insulin in mouse primary hepatocyte and liver. Hepatic SMILE expression was not altered by refeeding in liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) or PKB β-deficient (PKBβ−/−) mice. At the molecular level, SMILE inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor 4–mediated transcriptional activity via direct competition with PGC-1α. Moreover, ablation of SMILE augmented gluconeogenesis and increased blood glucose levels in mice. Conversely, overexpression of SMILE reduced hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression and ameliorated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in db/db and HFD-fed mice. Therefore, SMILE is an insulin-inducible corepressor that suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis. Small molecules that enhance SMILE expression would have potential for treating hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Effect of Repeated Glucagon Doses on Hepatic Glycogen in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for a Bihormonal Closed-Loop System
Authors: Castle Jessica R. , El Youssef Joseph , Bakhtiani Parkash A. , Cai Yu , Stobbe Jade M. , Branigan Deborah , Ramsey Katrina , Jacobs Peter , Reddy Ravi , Woods Mark , Ward W. Kenneth
Published: September 2015

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate subjects with type 1 diabetes for hepatic glycogen depletion after repeated doses of glucagon, simulating delivery in a bihormonal closed-loop system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Eleven adult subjects with type 1 diabetes participated. Subjects underwent estimation of hepatic glycogen using 13C MRS. MRS was performed at the following four time points: fasting and after a meal at baseline, and fasting and after a meal after eight doses of subcutaneously administered glucagon at a dose of 2 µg/kg, for a total mean dose of 1,126 µg over 16 h. The primary and secondary end points were, respectively, estimated hepatic glycogen by MRS and incremental area under the glucose curve for a 90-min interval after glucagon administration.

RESULTS

In the eight subjects with complete data sets, estimated glycogen stores were similar at baseline and after repeated glucagon doses. In the fasting state, glycogen averaged 21 ± 3 g/L before glucagon administration and 25 ± 4 g/L after glucagon administration (mean ± SEM) (P = NS). In the fed state, glycogen averaged 40 ± 2 g/L before glucagon administration and 34 ± 4 g/L after glucagon administration (P = NS). With the use of an insulin action model, the rise in glucose after the last dose of glucagon was comparable to the rise after the first dose, as measured by the 90-min incremental area under the glucose curve.

CONCLUSIONS

In adult subjects with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (mean A1C 7.2%), glycogen stores and the hyperglycemic response to glucagon administration are maintained even after receiving multiple doses of glucagon. This finding supports the safety of repeated glucagon delivery in the setting of a bihormonal closed-loop system.
Assistive Intelligent Humanoid Robot in Human Environment
Authors: Mohamed Zulkifli , Capi Genci
Published: September 2015

The number of robots operating in human environments is increasing every day. In order to operate in such environments, the robot must be able to navigate, interact with human, pick and place different objects. This chapter presents a mobile humanoid robot that is able to localize itself, navigate to the target location, and generates the arm motion based on the specific task. The robot utilizes the Laser Range Finder, camera and compass sensor for localization and navigation. In addition, the robot generates the arm motion satisfying multiple motion criteria, simultaneously. This chapter evolves neural controllers that generate the humanoid robot arm motion in dynamic environment optimizing three different objective functions: minimum time, distance and acceleration. In a single ran of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm, multiple neural controllers are generate and the same neural controller can be employed to generate the robot motion for a wide range of initial and goal positions.
Clustering of Human Gestures Images Using 3D Cellular Automata and N-Gram Pixels with a Visualisation aspect
Authors: Bouarara Hadj Ahmed , Hamou Reda Mohamed , Amine Abdelmalek
Published: September 2015

With the coming of cyberspace and the development of communication tools such as social networks. Now, the digital society is enriched continually by new content, especially the human images, which represent more than 50% of the information existed in the web. Hence, the necessity of an effective instrument for the automatic classification of this gigantic imagery base has become primordial. The content of our work, is a novel approach called clustering of Human Gesture Images using 3D cellular automaton, consists of 4 steps: Image vectoring using new image representation technique called n-gram pixels, and a normalised term frequency as weighting to calculate the importance of each term in the image. Our clustering strategy are based on the principle of 3D-CA, using a set of properties (transition function, and the 3D Moore neighbourhood). The experimentation using the dataset MuHAVi and a variety of validation measures. The performance of our approach were compared to the conventional methods in term of, representation (naive representation), and clustering strategy (kmeans).
Ctr2 Regulates Mast Cell Maturation by Affecting the Storage and Expression of Tryptase and Proteoglycans
Authors: Öhrvik Helena , Logeman Brandon , Noguchi Glyn , Eriksson Inger , Kjellén Lena , Thiele Dennis J. , Pejler Gunnar
Published: September 2015

Copper (Cu) is essential for multiple cellular functions. Cellular uptake of Cu+ is carried out by the Ctr1 high-affinity Cu transporter. The mobilization of endosomal Cu pools is regulated by a protein structurally similar to Ctr1, called Ctr2. It was recently shown that ablation of Ctr2 caused an increase in the concentration of Cu localized to endolysosomes. However, the biological significance of excess endolysosomal Cu accumulation has not been assessed. In this study, we addressed this issue by investigating the impact of Ctr2 deficiency on mast cells, a cell type unusually rich in endolysosomal organelles (secretory granules). We show that Ctr2−/− mast cells have increased intracellular Cu concentrations and that the absence of Ctr2 results in increased metachromatic staining, the latter indicating an impact of Ctr2 on the storage of proteoglycans in the secretory granules. In agreement with this, the absence of Ctr2 caused a skewed ratio between proteoglycans of heparin and chondroitin sulfate type, with increased amounts of heparin accompanied by a reduction of chondroitin sulfate. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a higher number of electron-dense granules in Ctr2−/− mast cells than in wild-type cells. The increase in granular staining and heparin content is compatible with an impact of Ctr2 on mast cell maturation and, in support of this, the absence of Ctr2 resulted in markedly increased mRNA expression, storage, and enzymatic activity of tryptase. Taken together, the present study introduces Ctr2 and Cu as novel actors in the regulation of mast cell maturation and granule homeostasis.