bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary view of the AIDS process
Authors: Zajac Vladimir
Published: August 2018

It is generally accepted that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. According to this claim, HIV was transferred to humans from contact with monkeys around 35–50 years ago. However, this claim has not been sufficiently confirmed epidemiologically. The spread and incubation period of the plague epidemic has led to the theory that the Black Death was caused by hemorrhagic viruses. Having examined detailed historical data, we have concluded that the bacterium Yersenia pestis was an infectious agent in the epidemic, together with another agent which we suggest was HIV. Our considerations were mainly based on the existence of the CCR5 delta 32 mutation, which protects against HIV infection and has been present in the Caucasian population for over 2000 years. The combination of two infectious agents led to the devastation of the Black Death, the removal of HIV carriers, and an increase in the number of CCR5Δ32 mutations in the Caucasian population. In sub-Saharan Africa, this epidemic and subsequent sanitation process did not occur, which explains the much higher level of HIV genetic information in this part of the world.
Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in patients undergoing radical cystectomy
Authors: Wei Chunxiao , Wan Fengchun , Zhao Haiwei , Ma Jiajia , Gao Zhenli , Lin Chunhua
Published: August 2018

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the application of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).

Methods

The clinical data of 192 patients who underwent RC were collected in this retrospective cohort study. Among them, 91 patients who underwent ERAS were allocated to the ERAS group, and the remaining 101 patients who underwent traditional postoperative care procedures were allocated to the non-ERAS group. Perioperative indexes in the two groups were compared. The ERAS components included rehabilitation exercise, carbohydrate fluid loading, cessation of nasogastric tubes, omission of oral bowel preparation, regional local anesthesia, body-warming procedures, reduced drainage use, and early postoperative drinking and eating.

Results

The times from RC to first water intake, first ambulation, first anal exhaust, first defecation, and pelvic drainage tube removal were significantly shorter and the hospitalization costs were significantly lower in the ERAS than non-ERAS group. The intraoperative blood loss volume, blood transfusion rate, readmission rate, and incidence of postoperative complications were also significantly lower in the ERAS than non-ERAS group.

Conclusion

ERAS may effectively accelerate patient rehabilitation and reduce the length of stay, incidence of postoperative complications, readmission rates, and hospitalization costs for patients undergoing RC.
Insights into medical humanities education in China and the West
Authors: Qian Yun , Han Qixin , Yuan Weien , Fan Cunyi
Published: August 2018

Medical humanity is the soul of health education. Beginning medical students are taught various aspects of basic medicine, such as biochemistry, anatomy, and immunology. However, cultivation of the humanistic aspects of medicine has received increasing attention in recent decades. We performed a comparison study based on a literature search and our experience with medical humanistic courses in Western and Chinese medical colleges. We found both similarities and disparities in humanities courses offered in Western medical colleges and Chinese medical colleges. The delivery of humanities courses, such as medical sociology, medical ethics, medical psychology, and medical history, is widespread and helps to prepare students for their transformation from medical students to skilful medical professionals. Both Western and Chinese medical colleges offer a variety of medical humanistic courses for undergraduate students. Although Chinese medical humanistic education has undergone major changes, it still requires improvement and educators can learn from Western practice. We hope that our analysis will contribute to education reforms in the medical field.
Rumour and gossip in a time of crisis: Resistance and accommodation in a South Indian plantation frontier
Authors: Raj Jayaseelan
Published: August 2018

This article examines rumour and gossip among the tea workers in the south Indian state of Kerala in the context of recent economic crisis in the Indian tea industry. It argues that gossip and rumour may have distinct effects with regard to resistance and accommodation in the crisis-ridden plantations. The analysis of the gossip shows that the workers are critical of the plantation management, trade unions and the Kerala state for failing to ensure their means of livelihood during the crisis period. In this context, gossip functions as a form and agent of resistance which further shows that the workers were conscious of their exploitation. On the other hand, the ethnographic data presented in this article suggest that rumour is an effective instrument for the control and disciplining of workers in the crisis context.
International Entrepreneurship: A Meta–Analysis on the Internationalization and Performance Relationship
Authors: Schwens Christian , Zapkau Florian B. , Bierwerth Michael , Isidor Rodrigo , Knight Gary , Kabst Rüdiger
Published: August 2018

The article conducts a meta–analysis on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance in international entrepreneurship. Empirical evidence from 15,648 internationalizing entrepreneurial firms nested in 43 independent samples reveals a positive relationship between degree and scope of internationalization and performance. Knowledge intensity positively moderates the relationship between speed of internationalization and performance and negatively moderates the scope of internationalization and performance association. In contrast, we neither find a relationship between speed of internationalization and performance nor for knowledge intensity's moderation on the degree of internationalization–performance association. Based on the findings, the article systematically points at future research opportunities.
Pregnant Hispanic Women: A Mental Health Study
Authors: Zayas Luis H. , Busch-Rossnagel Nancy A.
Published: August 2018

By most accounts, pregnant Hispanic women are a population at risk for perinatal health and mental health problems. In this article, the authors report on a pilot study of the mental health status of 86 low-income, pregnant Hispanics. Three cases drawn from a community-based, primary care clinic demonstrate how Hispanic women may appear in the clinical setting and how interventions can be designed.
Association Between Positive Cultures During Admission and 1-Year Mortality in Patients With Cancer Receiving Perioperative Intensive Care
Authors: Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Wu Tung-Han , Hsu Chiann-Yi , Chao Wen-Cheng
Published: August 2018

The number of patients with cancer being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) is increasing worldwide, and these patients are vulnerable to infection. This study aimed to address the long-term impact of positive cultures during admission on 1-year mortality among patients with cancer who received perioperative intensive care. This retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients with cancer who were admitted to ICUs and received surgery during 2011 to 2016 at a tertiary hospital in central Taiwan. Cancer-related data were retrieved from the cancer registry, and data during ICU admissions were obtained from the electronic medical records. We compared the survival curves between patients with and without positive clinical cultures using log-rank test and used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the influence of positive clinical cultures on 1-year mortality. A total of 638 patients were included for analyses, and 37.9% of them had positive cultures during the index admission. In-hospital mortality was 9.1%, while 1-year mortality was 21.0%. Compared with patients who survived, patients who died were significantly more likely to have positive cultures (59.7% vs 32.1%), to have a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (median 21.8 vs 19.0), and to receive mechanical ventilation (86.6% vs 77.4%). Survival analysis found that positive cultures of blood, the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, or the skin and soft tissue were associated with an increased 1-year mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis found that positive cultures of blood, the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, or the skin and soft tissue (hazard ratio: 1.621; 95% confidence interval: 1.087-2.419) were significantly associated with 62.1% increased hazards of death within 1 year after the ICU admission. A positive culture during admission was associated with a worsened long-term survival among patients with cancer who received perioperative intensive care. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
Toxicity and effectiveness of carboplatin in obese or overweight patients
Authors: Grueso Cuesta Cristina , Poquet Jornet Jaime E , Gasent Blesa Juan M , Valdivia Perez Antonio , Carrera Hueso Francisco J , Moreno Royo Lucrecia
Published: August 2018

Objective

To evaluate the efficiency and toxicity of carboplatin using actual body weight in obese/overweight patients using the Calvert formula with Cockcroft–Gault for CrCl estimation.

Methods

We evaluated the association of BMI in regards to efficiency and toxicity in a retrospective cohort study of patients who started treatment with carboplatin between 2012 and 2013. Cohorts included obese/overweight patients and normal-weight patients. Efficiency was measured by overall survival, progression-free survival and response rate. Toxicity was measured by the proportion of dose reductions and delays of chemotherapy cycles. We utilized a bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Eighty-six patients were included in the study (50% obese/overweight). There was not a statistically significant difference in effectiveness and toxicity between the two groups in BMI. In the multivariate analysis, BMI not was associated with overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.54–1.66, p = 0.849), progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.54–1.54; p = 0.732), cycle delays (odds ratio (OR): 1.47, 95% CI: 0.80–2.69, p = 0.218) or carboplatin dose reductions (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.35–2.15, p = 0.760). Response rate was 53.5% in both groups.

Conclusions

In our study, obese and overweight cancer patients did not show a statistically significant difference in terms of effectiveness and toxicity compared to normal-weight cancer patients who were treated with carboplatin using their actual body weight with the Calvert formula and Cockcroft–Gault for CrCl estimation. Therefore, it was appropriate to use the actual body weight for our patients.
Vietnamese-American family caregivers of persons with mental illness: Exploring caregiving experience in cultural context
Authors: Bui Quynh Nhu (Natasha) , Han Meekyung , Diwan Sadhna , Dao Tran
Published: August 2018

While involvement of family caregivers can play an important role in the recovery process of persons with serious mental illness (SMI), family caregivers often endure poor health and mental health issues due to caregiving-related distress. These challenges may be exacerbated for Vietnamese American families due to cultural values (e.g., familism and stigma). This qualitative exploratory study examined how Vietnamese American family caregivers of persons with SMI describe their caregiving experience. Using convenience and snowball sampling, the study recruited 21 participants who took part in two Vietnamese-language focus groups. Key findings of the study addressed three themes: (1) the influence of cultural and religious values on caregiving and mental health; (2) the negative impact of caregiving on caregivers’ wellbeing; and (3) the stigma attached to mental illness. The study offers useful insights to assist mental health practitioners in tailoring culturally appropriate and effective services for Vietnamese caregivers.
Synergism Between Payments for Water-Related Ecosystem Services, Ecological Restoration, and Landscape Connectivity Within the Atlantic Forest Hotspot
Authors: Viani Ricardo A. G. , Braga Daniel P. P. , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Pereira Paulo Henrique , Brancalion Pedro H. S.
Published: August 2018

Restoration projects designed to promote one ecosystem service may have synergistic benefits to other services. Therefore, bundling them can be an effective way to maximize the return to the investments in programs of payments for ecosystem services (PES). Here, we investigated the additional gain of restoration actions—which were implemented as part of a PES program to protect a key watershed for water supply—on increasing functional landscape connectivity in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil. Using a landscape ecology approach, we estimated the amount of forest cover before (2006) and after (2012) restoration activities by the PES program and changes in structural and functional landscape connectivity for birds with varying gap-crossing capabilities. Forest cover increased from 42.5 to 86.1 ha after the implementation of restoration projects by the PES program. In the simulated scenarios of landscape connectivity, the mean patch size of functionally connected forest increased by 1,034%, 392%, 248%, and 94% for species with gap-crossing capabilities of 0, 20, 40, and 60 m, respectively. Our results highlight the potential for incorporating biodiversity conservation objectives into PES projects primarily designed to enhance water-related ecosystem services.
Transnational social mobility of minorities: a comparative analysis of 14 immigrant minority groups
Authors: Kislev Elyakim
Published: August 2018

There is extensive scholarship on the condition of being a minority in one’s home country and vast literature on the experience of immigrants in host countries. However, almost no attention has been paid to the distinct mechanisms pertaining to immigrants who were minorities in the source country and moved to another. This paper integrates the literature on minorities with that of migration and addresses this gap by developing a theory of a growing phenomenon: the transnational social mobility of minorities. Using the US census and the American Community Survey, 14 groups of minorities (e.g., British Pakistanis) who immigrated to the USA are compared to the corresponding majority groups from the same country (e.g., the British majority). Findings show that all minorities have a lower starting point than the corresponding majority group from the same country. However, non-black minorities succeed faster and, in some cases, even pass majorities over time. In contrast, black immigrant minorities remain disadvantaged in comparison to whites from the same country.
Distraction ligamentotaxis for complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations: a clinical study and the modified pins rubber band traction system revisited
Authors: Lo Cheng Hean , Nothdurft Simone H. , Park Hye-Sung , Paul Eldho , Leong James
Published: August 2018

Background

The purpose of this study is to present our experience with the modified pins and rubber band traction system, discuss problems encountered, and make recommendations to optimize outcomes.

Methods

Data was collected prospectively from November 2013 to March 2017 at a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Patients with closed complex proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocations that were considered unsuitable for other surgical options were included in the study. Patients underwent dynamic skeletal distraction using the modified (Deshmukh) pins rubber band traction system. Outcomes were measured using the Nominal Rating Scale for pain; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score; active and passive range of motion; patient rating scale; and complications.

Results

Twenty patients underwent the procedure, and 19 were included in analyses. At the final follow-up assessment, an average of 62° and 77° was achieved for proximal interphalangeal joint active and passive range of motion, respectively. Pain levels were low (median score of 0 at rest and 1 ranging, out of 10). Four patients suffered minor pin site infections.

Conclusion

Distraction ligamentotaxis is a useful part of the armamentarium, especially in the absence of more suitable procedures. It is important to select appropriate patients, educate, and ensure adherence to postoperative therapy. Employing the Deshmukh frame modification streamlines the theatre processes, and removal of wires at approximately 4 weeks minimizes risk of pin site infection.
Intraoperative Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure and Consequent Severe Brain Bulge During Functional Motor Cortex Mapping: A Case Report
Authors: Khandelwal Ankur , Singh Gyaninder Pal , Singh Akanksha , Singh Shalendra , Prasad Chandrakant
Published: August 2018

Intraoperative cortical and subcortical bipolar or monopolar mapping is the gold standard for neurosurgical procedures that involve lesions near functional or “eloquent” cortex. However, the classic Penfield stimulation has a higher intraoperative seizure rate than high-frequency short-train stimulation. As a result, high-frequency monopolar stimulation is now the most widely practiced technique. However, seizure-free mapping cannot be guaranteed even with high-frequency stimulation particularly at high current thresholds. We encountered a case of severe generalized tonic-clonic seizure and consequent severe brain bulge in an 8-year-old child during cortical mapping with the high-frequency protocol.
AMBU® LMA® in Children With Cleft Palate for Ophthalmic Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Goswami Devalina , Chowdhury Apala R. , Venkateswaran Vineeta , Sunkesula Sagar Gnana , Kundu Riddhi
Published: August 2018

Airway management remains a challenge in children, and the presence of a cleft palate further complicates the scenario. Endotracheal intubation, although definitive and most preferred, may be avoided for certain short-duration procedures wherein the use of laryngeal mask airway can allow quicker emergence. We present the successful airway management of 2 pediatric patients with cleft palate undergoing ophthalmological surgery, using AMBU® LMA® as the airway device of choice, which was further used as a rescue airway device in an emergent situation of “difficult to ventilate.”
Acute Phase Response in Enzootic Bovine Leukosis
Authors: GUSEL M. , TUTUNCU M. , ALBAYRAK H. , OZAN E. , KOC R. , KADI H.
Published: August 2018

In the present study, we evaluated acute phase response by detecting haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). A total of 60 Holstein cattle (≤3 years old), comprisingof 40 cattle infected with BLV, and 20 BLV-free healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of the BLV infection was performed by serology (ELISA and AGID) and PCR techniques. APPs were detected by commercial ELISA test kits using validated standard procedures as instructed. All the BLV-infected cattle were in good general health and had normal respiratory rates, pulse rates, body temperatures. However, 5 cattle had enlarged, hard, painless, movable superficial lymph nodes in infected group. APPs including Hp (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001), and SAA (p<0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in cattle with EBL compared to BLV-free cattle. On hematologic examination, total leukocyte, lymphocyte and granulocytes concentrations were significantly higher in infected cattle when compared tocontrols. In addition, Hp and SAA (p<0. 001) concentrations were significantly higher in symptomatic cattle than asymptomatic. The Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between APPs and total leukocyte and granulocytes; however, there was no correlation with lymphocyte. In conclusion, the results of this study showed increased acute phase response in BLV infected cattle.
Granulosa Cell Tumor In A Spayed Young Queen
Authors: GÜNAY UÇMAK Z. , UÇMAK M. , TEK Ç. , KOENHEMSI L. , ERDOGAN BAMAÇ Ö. , GÜREL A. , YILDAR E.
Published: August 2018

A four years old cat was presented to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with complaints of weakness, inappetency, vomiting and estrus signs although it was spayed. Blood tests, radiography and ultrasonography revealed abdominal mass and uterine stump which were then removed surgically. Multilobular mass was defined as solid granulosa cell tumor (GCT). Increase of estrogen (E2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) values were detected on the 10th postoperative day. On the 40th postoperative day, the cat was brought to Internal Medicine Clinic with the complaints of weakness, inappetency and cachexia. Anemia, leucocytosis, uremia, hyperglycemia, sensitiveness and pain in the right abdomen were determined. A tumor was detected in the liver by radiography and ultrasonography and was suspected to be GCT metastasis. Despite medical therapy, the cat died after four months. In conclusion; retained ovarian tissue after erroneous ovariohysterectomy may cause, regular estrus signs and GCT development. Even if GCTs are removed by surgical approach, they have metastatic potential that deteriorates the prognosis. Evaluating IGF-1 and E2 in the short postoperative term are beneficial for determining the metastatic potential of GCTs.
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy cows in Belgrade city area, Serbia
Authors: CVETOJEVIC Đ. , MILICEVIC V. , KURELJUSIC B. , SAVIC B.
Published: August 2018

The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is one of the most important abortifacient pathogen in cattle. Serological investigations are often used in order to estimate seroprevalence in herds. Aims of our study were to determine the seroprevalence among aborting and non-aborting dairy cattle in Belgrade city area as well as epidemiological factors that are important for N. caninum infection. Using commercial ELISA kit, we examined 188 sera. Out of 188, 142 samples originated from pregnant (non-aborting) cows from five farms, while 46 were from cows who had aborted. Overall seroprevalence was 25% (48/188). Seroprevalence was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in aborting than in non-aborting group of cows (37% and 21.1% respectively). At least one positive sample was detected on four (80%) out of five examined farms while seroprevalence among farms varied from 0 to 43.5%. On all examined farms crucial epizootiological factors (presence of dogs and low biosecurity measures) that favor the maintenance and spreading of the infection were identified. Our study revealed the presence of N. caninum antibodies in population of dairy cows in Belgrade city area. Infection is established in enzootic pattern on examined farms and high seroprevalence among aborting cows suggests that N. caninum could be important abortifacient pathogen.
ΑΙ ΙΟΝΙΖΟΥΣΑΙ ΑΚΤΙΝΟΒΟΛΙΑI ΚΑΙ Η ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΤΗ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ
Authors: ΑΝΔΡΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ A.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΜΙΚΡΟΣΚΟΠΙΚΗ, ΜΙΚΡΟΧΗΜΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΙΚΡΟΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ ΚΡΕΑΤΑΛΕΥΡΩΝ
Authors: ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π. , ΤΑΡΛΑΤΖΗΣ Κ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΜΙΑ ΝΕΑ ΑΠΕΙΛΗ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΧΩΡΑΣ ΜΑΣ - Ο ΤΥΠΟΣ ΙΟΥ SAT 1 ΑΦΘΩΔΟΥΣ ΠΥΡΕΤΟΥ
Authors: ΤΖΩΡΤΖΑΚΗΣ Ν.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΚΛΗΡΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΡΕΥΝΑ
Authors: ΖΕΡΒΑΣ ΝΙΚΟΛΑΟΣ
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΕΠΙ ΜΙΑΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΕΩΣ ΘΑΝΑΤΗΦΟΡΟΥ Α0ΙΜΩΞΕΩΣ ΕΠΙ ΚΑΣΤΟΡΩΝ ΟΦΕΙΛΟΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΙΣ ΕΝΤΕΡΟΒΑΚΤΗΡΙΔΙΑ
Authors: Σ.ΜΑΛΛΙΑΡΗΣ A.ΦΡΑΓΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑΚΟΥ ΕΛΕΓΧΟΥ ΝΩΠΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΣΤΕΡΙΩΜΕΝΟΥ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ ΝΟΜΟΥ ΑΤΤΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΤΑ ΤΑ ΕΤΗ 1959,1960,1961
Authors: ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΑΓΓΕΛΟΣ
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Selling a Product Line Through a Retailer When Demand Is Stochastic: Analysis of Price-Only Contracts
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Guo Xiaomeng , Turcic Danko
Published: August 2018

Problem description: In practice, many consumer products are produced and stocked in product lines rather than in single product variants. The issue is that manufacturers and retailers often do not agree on the product line length (i.e., the number of variants included in the product line). The focus of this study is to understand how product line length and stocking quantities depend on how demand risk is contractually allocated. Academic/practical relevance: Our model combines assortment and stocking decisions in the presence of stochastic demand; previous models could address either assortment or stocking issues, but not necessarily both. Methodology: We present a game-theoretic model of a bilateral supply chain in which a manufacturer (he) sells up to two differentiated products through a retailer (she). He decides which products to produce, their wholesale prices, and how to allocate demand risk. We theorize that he can either retain the risk (by adopting a pull contract) or that he can pass it onto the retailer (by adopting a push contract). She responds by choosing assortment, quantities, and retail prices. By solving the model, we develop a descriptive theory that clarifies his incentive to expand his product offering and to reallocate demand risk within the supply chain. Results: Depending on the level of product differentiation, we identify three regions. When product differentiation is either low (commodities) or high (specialized products), the contract choice affects order quantities but not assortment. In these regions, the manufacturer’s contract choice can be explained by looking at elasticity of wholesale demand. For products with some differentiation, the manufacturer’s contract choice affects both order quantities and assortment. In this region, the manufacturer’s contract choice can be explained by looking at the additive effect of demand elasticity and sales expansion from the extended product line net of cannibalization. Managerial implications: Our paper can be seen as a first step toward developing a link between optimal product line design and optimal risk allocation in a bilateral supply chain.
Valuing carers: rhetoric or reality?
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: August 2018

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, examines a survey from Carers UK that found carers often felt unsupported and underappreciated, and looks at possible solutions
A global view of patient safety and health quality
Authors: Tingle John
Published: August 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses a joint report by WHO, World Bank Group and OECD on delivering quality health services globally
Older patients' experiences and perceptions of having their wounds treated with medical-grade honey
Authors: Seckam Abdul M , Mercer Jenny
Published: August 2018

Ancient remedies in wound care have been used for millennia and are now being rediscovered; in particular, the use of honey. The purpose of this study was to capture and explore the meanings that participants assign to their lived experiences when using medical-grade honey to treat wounds. Six participants were recruited from a Lindsey Leg Club support group. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the verbatim transcriptions were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two themes were identified: experiences of using medical-grade honey and perceptions of honey as a natural folkloric medicine. This study revealed the complexity of using medical-grade honey to treat wounds and highlights patients' experiences and perceptions. The findings are reviewed and discussed in relation to the literature and implications for further research and clinical practice are suggested.
How intermittent self-catheterisation can promote independence, quality of life and wellbeing
Authors: Holroyd Sharon
Published: August 2018

Intermittent catheterisation is considered the gold standard for bladder drainage. This article describes intermittent self-catheterisation (ISC) and which patients are likely to benefit from it. Before deciding on a patient's suitability for ISC, health professionals should carry out a full assessment and ensure the patient and/or carers are taught the skills necessary to perform the procedure. ISC enables patients to be more independent because they can choose how often and where to undertake it, which encourages adherence. The range of products is vast; the nurse can guide patients to select the catheter most suited to their individual needs
Challenging perspectives: Prescribing hormone replacement in premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Bellone Claire
Published: August 2018

The incidence of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is increasing in the general population with, among other reasons, more women surviving cancer treatments or having risk-reducing prophylactic oophorectomy due to BRCA status. The ovary is a vital endocrine gland and lost hormones need replacing to maintain system-wide health until the average age of the menopause (51 years). The combined oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy are recognised treatment choices for POI, but choosing the individual prescription may seen daunting. Through simple risk–benefit assessment and understanding modes of action, the nurse prescriber can guide effective decision-making and support long-term compliance.
Prescribing in alcohol misuse
Authors: Robertson Deborah
Published: August 2018

Alcohol misuse is defined as the consistent and excessive drinking of alcohol above the low-risk limits of 14 units per week. This article will look at the pharmacological properties of drugs prescribed for those who misuse alcohol and will also outline the issues surrounding intervention.
Theorising the Islamic State: A Decolonial Perspective
Authors: Nkululeko Majozi
Published: August 2018

In this article, I engage with the current security debate on the conceptual understanding of the Islamic State (IS). I critically evaluate the dominant Western view within the debate that conceptualises IS as an “Islamic” terrorist organisation and a product of the “backwardness” of Islam and argue that such a conceptualisation of IS is rooted in a racist and Islamophobic Western epistemological narrative which seeks to create a “natural” link between terrorism and Islam. Through a conceptual discussion on terrorism and a critical assessment of the Eurocentric nature of security studies theories, both traditional and critical, I show how hegemonic Western epistemologies are able to conveniently ignore the European roots of terrorism in the foundation of Western modernity. One result is that hegemonic Western epistemologies are thus able to appropriate the concept of security as an exclusive domain of Western states and their societies, all the while carving out the non-European world, particularly Islamic societies, as the exclusive sources of potential terrorist threats. I, therefore, advance the decolonial theoretical concept of global coloniality as a means of reframing the debate and shifting the point of enunciation from dominant Western views of IS to a more critical Global South decolonial perspective. As such, I emphasise the European origins of terrorism as a constitutive element of the foundation of Western modernity, while addressing the cognitive confinement of security studies theories. In this light, the study concludes by asserting that IS is a creation of the constitutive violent logic of Western modernity/coloniality, which has terrorism as its foundational core.
Islam, Alcohol, and Identity: Towards a Critical Muslim Studies Approach
Authors: Mustapha Sheikh  , Tajul Islam
Published: August 2018

Framed in a critical Muslim studies approach, this article offers a new understanding of the Ḥanafī position on alcohol, following major public debates on the question of alcohol sparked by prominent members of Al-Azhar University (Egypt) in 2012. Close textual analysis of a range of primary sources in Arabic and Urdu are foundational to the article, as are the categorisation and contextualisation of Ḥanafī discourse. This is all but a starting point, however, for an argument that constitutes a radical break from conventional Islamic studies, seen as “normal science,” in its critique of hegemonic discourses which have essentialised Islam on the basis of specific ontic manifestations, such as the prohibition of alcohol.
Comparative Test of Color Stability between Betalain Pigments of Red Dragon Fruits and Anthocyanin Pigments from Tamarillo Fruit at Various pH
Authors: Sari Yelfira , Santoni Adlis , Elisabet Elisabet
Published: August 2018

Betalains and anthocyanins are classes of natural and water soluble pigments. Now days, these pigments have been developed as a replacement colouring agents. One of betalain resource is dragon fruit and anthocyanin resource is tamarillo. These pigments are relative unstable in some condition, one of them is pH. This research aim is to determine stability of betalain and anthocyanin pigments by pH parameter. These pigments can be isolated by macerated methods, technically processed by chopping the fruit and than soaking in ethanol for ± 24 h. These extracts were condensed by rotary evaporator. These extracts were analysed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at wavelength (λ) 200-800 nm. The absorption spectrum showed two major absorption peaks at 269 nm and 536 nm for betalain and 531 nm for anthocyanins. The result showed the optimal pH for betalain stability was at pH 5 and pH 3 for anthocyanin
ANALISA NILAI THRUST DAN TORQUE PROPELLER TIPE B-SERIES PADA KAPAL SELAM MIDGET 150M DENGAN VARIASI SKEW ANGLE DAN BLADE AREA RATIO (AE/AO) MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD
Authors: Setyabudi Putra Bangkit , Chrismianto Deddy , Rindo Good
Published: August 2018

AbstrakKapal selam merupakan kapal yang mampu beroperasi dibawah air dengan mandiri, namun juga harus bergerak senyap dibawah air tanpa terdeteksi.  Maka dari itu salah satu kebutuhan paling penting dalam kapal selam adalah Baling-Baling atau Propeller. Baling-baling kapal selam membutuhkan beberapa kriteria khusus yaitu baling-baling kapal yang dapat memberikan gaya dorong yang besar dengan tingkat kebisingan yang rendah. Maka desain propeller harus memiliki nilai thrust yang besar, nilai tekanan yang rendah, dan aliran baling-baling yang halus. Penelitian ini menganalisa baling-baling kapal selam jenis B-7 Series dengan variasi Skew Angle (27.70, 29.70 dan 31.70) dan Blade Area Ratio (0.55, 0.59 dan 0.70) dengan penambahan Kort Nozzle C Tipe Shushkin Nozzle serta dengan tiga nilai RPM yaitu, 400 RPM, 450 RPM dan 500 RPM, sehingga didapatkan jenis baling – baling yang optimum untuk kapal selam midget type 150 m dengan menggunakan program Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Dalam proses analisa menggunakan software berbasis CFD, kami mendapatkan hasil dari semua model baling – baling yaitu  bentuk aliran, nilai thrust dan nilai pressure yang berbeda sesuai dengan RPM yang diberikan. Dari kesembilan variasi model yang telah dibandingkan didapat model baling – baling yang optimum yaitu B – 7 Series pada Model 2 (27,70 & 0,59) putaran 400 RPM dengan nilai rata-rata tekanan 66,34 Pa, dan aliran turbulen dengan kecepatan rata - rata 15,56 m/s.Kata kunci : Kapal Selam, Propeller, Skew Angle, Blade Area Ratio (Ae/Ao), Kort Nozzle, dan CFD
ANALISIS KERETAKAN PELAT ZONA LAMBUNG KAPAL BERBAHAN FIBER GLASS
Authors: Marasabessy Amir , Siagian Saut
Published: August 2018

Produksi kapal fiber glass di berbagai galangan kapal di Indonesia proses laminasi  masih dilakukan secara manual (hand lay-up) di areal terbuka, hal ini sangat rentang terjadi udara terperangkap (air trap) yang dapat menimbulkan lepuh (blistering). Perawatan  pitting defect akibat blistering,  oleh galangan kapal hanya  di sekrap, dibersihkan, didempul, diratakan/ dihaluskan dan gelcoat painting. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyelidiki penyebab kerusakan/ keretakan pelat zona lambung berkaitan dengan blistering. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengamati proses produksi dan pemeliharaan zona lambung kapal fiber glass dan pengujian pelat blistering zona lambung yang dibandingkan dengan pelat asli menggunakan peralatan uji FTIR sesuai standar ASTM E1252-07 dengan metode ATR dan Morphology Analysis. Sesuai  pengamatan lapangan, galangan kapal tidak melakukan pengukuran kandungan air diarea blistering yang terdapat pitting defect sehingga terjadi peristiwa osmosis sebagaimana ditunjukan pada spektrum FTIR yakni terjadi penurunan intensitas bilangan gelombang dari gugus puncak 1724 cm-1 ke 1722 cm-1 disamping terdapat puncak tambahan pada sampel pelat blister akibat reaksi hidrolisa pada serat penguat, juga terdapat kerusakan yang signifikan pada pelat blistering dan terdapat rongga sehingga menimbulkan kelembaban dalam serat penguat. Dalam waktu (2 s/d 3) tahun serat penguat akan menjadi rapuh/getas sehingga jika terjadi benturan dengan gelombang laut atau objek lain dapat menyebabkann kerusakan/keretakan.
DESAIN KAPAL PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN 15 GT UNTUK DAERAH PERAIRAN TERPENCIL WILAYAH TIMUR INDONESIA
Authors: As Ali Imron , Budianto Budianto
Published: August 2018

Dalam konsep desain kapal pembangkit listrik tenaga angin (KPLTA) yang memanfaatkan energi terbarukan yang ada, yakni energi angin untuk kepentingan hajat hidup manusia, terutama masyarakat yang hidup di daerah perairan terpencil. Dimana masyarakat yang hidup di daerah yang belum teraliri oleh listrik, namun cukup berdekatan dengan daerah perairan seperti sungai, danau atapun pantai yang mempunyai hembusan angin yang cukup kuat untuk mengerakan baling-baling kincir angin. KPLTA tersebut membantu masyarakat dalam memaksimalkan energi angin yang tersedia berlimpah. Energi angin yang dapat diubah dari energi gerak menjadi energi listrik sangat membantu kelangsungan hidup bagi masyarakat terpencil sehingga kapal yang semula hanya difungsikan sebagai kapal angkut penumpang ataupun kapal untuk menangkap ikan biasa, tetapi kapal juga dilengkapi dengan peralatan kincir angin yang dapat mengubah energi angin menjadi energi listrik. Pembangkit listrik tenaga angin atau wind power system memanfaatkan angin melalui kincir, untuk menghasilkan energi listrik. Secara umum, sistem alat ini memanfaatkan tiupan angin untuk memutar baling-baling kincir angin, yang selanjutnya ditransmisikan untuk mengerakan generator DC yang didalamnya ada medan magnet yang dipotong oleh kumparan dari gerak poros rotor sehingga menghasilkan gaya gerak listrik (GGL) induksi / arus listrik. Kemudian arus listrik DC tersebut disimpan kedalam baterai ataupun accu yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN MATERIAL KAPAL 3 GT UNTUK GALANGAN KAPAL MULTIFUNGSI
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Ketersediaan kapal nelayan kabupaten Bengkalis berjumlah 1119 buah kapal nelayan. Yang terdiri dari kapal nelayan 1 GT sebanyak 246 unit, Kapal nelayan 2 GT sebanyak 259 unit, Kapal nelayan 3 GT sebanyak 270 unit, Kapal nelayan 4 GT sebanyak 150 unit, Kapal nelayan 5 GT sebanyak 141 unit dan 6-10 GT sebanyak 53 unit. Dari data data tersebut, Bengkalis mempunyai potensi yang sangat besar untuk pembangunan sebuah galangan kapal dikarenakan masyarakat pulau bengkalis banyak yang bermata pencarian sebagai nelayan penangkap ikan. Galangan multifungsi adalah hal yang harus dibagun didaerah ini, mengingat semakin sulit didaerah ini untuk mendapatkan kayu, sehingga kapal fiber glass sebagai alternatif kedua untuk pembuatan kapal nelayan ini, galangan multifungsi hal yang layak untuk dibuat didaerah ini. Untuk itu hal yang harus dilakukan yaitu perhitungan materialnya, karena di daerah ini kapal 3GT yang lebih banyak, maka material yang dihitung adalah kapal yang berbobot 3 GT. Untuk mengetahui kebutuhan kayu dan fiberglass. Setelah dilakukan analisa perhitungan kebutuhan material kayu dan fiberglass maka didapatkan kebutuhan materialnya yaitu untuk material kayu yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan kapal 3 GT adalah sebanyak 2,5 Ton kayu.  Sedangkan material fiberglass untuk pembuatan kapal 3 GT adalahGelcoat 23,5  Kg, Mat 199,4 Kg, WR 149,2 Kg, Resin 749 Kg
ANALISA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN LENTUR BALOK LAMINASI KOMBINASI BAMBU PETUNG DAN BAMBU APUS UNTUK KOMPONEN KAPAL KAYU
Authors: Manik Parlindungan , Samuel Samuel , Prasetyo David Adhi
Published: August 2018

Kapal kayu merupakan sarana transportasi tradisional yang hingga saat ini masih banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, baik untuk sarana transportasi, niaga maupun sarana rekreasi.Disisi lain pemanfaatan bambu selama ini belum optimal walapun hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukan bahwa bambu memiliki kekuatan dan keunggulan dibandingkan dengan material bangunan lainya. Maka dilakukan penelitian tentang laminasi bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kadar air, kerapatan, kuat Tarik, MOR, modulus elastisitas dari laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus akibat perbedaan persentase variasi bahan (70% petung - 30% apus, 60% petung - 40% apus, 50% petung - 50% apus, 40% petung – 60% apus, 30% petung - 70% apus). Dalam penelitian ini dibuat balok laminasi bambu petung kombinasi bambu apus untuk uji kuat Tarik mengacu pada standar  SNI 03-3399-1994  dan uji kuat lentur mengacu pada standar SNI 03- 3960- 1995. Hasil penelitian untuk untuk pengujian Tarik memiliki kadar air kering udara rata-rata 12,81 %, berat jenis terbesar 0,7294 gr/cm³ untuk spesimen tarik, kekuatan Tarik rata-rata sebesar 107,44 Mpa untuk kode T.7.3 (varian paling maksimal). Untuk laminasi bambu pengujian lentur memiliki nilai kadar air kering udara rata – rata sebesar 12,58%, berat jenis sebesar 0,7219 gr/cm³ untuk kode L.7.3 (varian paling maksimal), modulus of repture sebesar 105,96 Mpa, modulus elastisitas 9060,8 Mpa.
Pengujian Tarik Dan Impak Pada Pengerjaan Pengelasan SMAW Dengan Mesin Genset Menggunakan Diameter Elektroda Yang Berbeda
Authors: Mawahib M Zaenal , Jokosisworo Sarjito , Yudo Hartono
Published: August 2018

Pengaruh hasil sumber daya listrik yang dihasilkan dari mesin genset yaitu kemungkinan terjadinya lubang cacing dan retak, dan apabila arus yang terlalu rendah akan mengakibatkan kurangnya penembusan dan kemungkinan terak terperangkap tinggi, sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kekuatan dari sambungan lasan yang rendah. Pengujian pada sambungan pengelasan  yang berbeda diameter elektroda dengan menggunakan mesin genset, akan diperoleh kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan impak maksimum dari masing-masing material uji dan dapat diketahui pemilihan diameter elektroda yang paling baik digunakan untuk masing-masing pelat. Pengelasan menggunakan jenis sambungan butt joint (single V-groove) dengan sudut 600, dengan diameter elektroda 3,2 mm dan 4 mm dengan tebal masing-masing material uji 8 mm dan 10 mm. Hasil pengujian didapatkan kuat tarik dari diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 443,747 N/mm2, diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 435,187 N/mm2, diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 447,23 N/mm2, dan diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 447,07 N/mm2. Hasil penelitian, modulus elastisitas dan tegangan luluh sama-sama memiliki kenaikan nilai, serta nilai pada regangan menurun. Sedangkan hasil pengujian impak didapatkan energi impak dari diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 90,67 Joule, diameter elektroda 3,2 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 295,9 Joule, diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 8 mm adalah rata-rata 44,91 Joule, dan diameter elektroda 4 mm tebal material 10 mm adalah rata-rata 273,83 Joule.
Fabrikasi Kapal Fiberglass Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pengganti Kapal Kayu Untuk Meningkatkan Produktifitas Nelayan Di Perairan Bengkalis
Authors: Pardi P , Afriantoni A
Published: August 2018

Ketersediaan material kayu sebagai bahan baku kapal nelayan saat ini semakin menipis. Hal ini menjadi masalah yang serius bagi sebagian besar masyarakat kabupaten Bengkalis yang berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Oleh karena itu dalam penelitian ini memberikan solusi secara ilmiah untuk menggunakan bahan alternatif fiberglass sebagai bahan dasar fabrikasi kapal nelayan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang cara fabrikasi kapal fiberglass yang efektif dengan ukuran utama sebagai berikut : Lpp = 7,798m, B=1,575m, H=0,678m, T=0,4m dan Cb=0,449. Gambar desain yang digunakan untuk fabrikasi adalah gambar rencana garis (lines plan) dan gambar rencana umum (general arrangement). Langkah awal proses fabrikasi adalah membuat cetakan positif menggunakan material kayu dan multiplek. Cetakan positif lambung kapal mengikuti bentuk body kapal disesuaikan dengan gambar rencana garis setiap station. Sebelum proses laminasi  dilakukan menggunakan material resin, serat glass (matt), woven roving(WR), katalis dan tepung aerosil cetakan diberi mirorglass untuk mempermudah pelepasan hasil cetakan. Ketebalan yang digunakan pada pembuatan lambung kapal ini adalah sekitar 6 mm atau 6 layer. Setelah lambung selesai dilaminasi kemudian dibuat gading (frame) memanjang dan melintang sesuai dengan desain gambar general arrangement. Sekat dan bangunan atas dibuat bentuknya menggunakan multiplek 12 mm kemudian dilaminasi menggunakan fiberglass untuk memperkuat dan menghindari kerusakan karena faktor air laut.
Analisa Hidrodinamika Kapal Container Sarat Rendah
Authors: Ali Baharuddin , Firdaus Nurman , Nurhadi N
Published: August 2018

Kapal container sebagai sarana angkutan barang berpengaruh vital terhadap laju percepatan perekonomian nasional. Kondisi perairan Indonesia yang kedalaman dan fasilitas pendukung pelabuhan bervariasi serta efisiensi operasional kapal menjadi pertimbangan dalam mendesain kapal. Penggunaan kapal sarat rendah tipe barge bermesin sebagai pengangkut container, Self Propelled Container Barge (SPCB) saat ini banyak menjadi pilihan operator kapal dalam melayani pengiriman barang dengan container. Penelitian ini menyajikan analisis hidrodinamika kapal SPCB 100 TEUs dengan metode pengujian model meliputi seakeeping, turning dan zig-zag manuvering serta resistance test. Dari hasil uji seakeeping diketahui bahwa respon gerak kapal pada kondisi gelombang sea-state 4 masih dalam batas toleransi dengan memperhatikan kombinasi kecepatan dan arah heading kapal. Kinerja  manuvering turning dan zig-zag kapal dalam batas aman yang ditetapkan IMO. Dari hasil uji resistance didapatkan kecepatan maksimal yang optimum kapal adalah 12 knot. Selain besaran terukur, uji hidrodinamika dengan model memberikan gambaran fenomena saat kapal beroperasi di laut, sehingga menjadi informasi yang penting dalam desain dan operasional kapal.
Uji kinerja Turbin arus laut-Twin Hull 10 Kilowatt di Jembatan Suramadu
Authors: Kasharjanto Afian , Rahuna Daif , Aditya R. Bambang
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Melalui Program Pengembangan Teknologi Industri (PPTI) - Ristekdikti tahun 2016 telah di lakukan uji fungsi Turbin arus laut Twin Turbine -10 Kilowatt selama 1 (satu) bulan sejak 28 Nopember sampai dengan 30 Desember 2016. Turbin yang di gunakan adalah turbin yang pernah di uji pada tahun 2015 dilokasi yang sama  yaitu di bawah Jembatan Suramadu – Pile   56 tetapi rasio transmisi yang pada awalnya di buat 1 : 22,5 di turunkan menjadi 1: 12. Perubahan di lakukan karena putaran generator melebihi putaran maksimum yang di ijinkan generator sehingga terjadi beban arus besar (melebihi kapasitas Inverter sehingga Inverter dapat terbakar. Tujuan dari kegiatan adalah untuk mengetahui daya listrik yang dapat di hasilkan oleh turbin tipe dua rotor (Twin Turbine) untuk operasional di bawah Jembatan.  Melalui pengukuran langsung selama 30 hari siang dan malam, akan di dapat data daya listrik maksimal sebagai fungsi dari kecepatan arus laut dan ukuran rotor Tubin. Data kemudian di olah untuk mendapatkan nilai besaran daya listrik dan efisiensi. Cutt-in speed terjadi pada kecepatan arus 0,6 m/dt dan menghasilkan daya minimal pada masing – masing generator sebesar 480 Watt dan kecepatan arus maksimal terjadi pada 1,10 m/dt , menghasilkan daya maksimal 2,230 watt.Beban lampu di distribusikan bukan hanya di dalam turbin tetapi juga di tempelkan pada tiang Plie – 56 sebagai uji coba untuk penerangan di sepanjang jalan raya pada Pile-56 Jembatan Suramadu.         Kata kunci : Uji Fungsi turbin, Jembatan Suramadu, Rasio transmisi mekanik, Cutt-in speed