bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missverständnisse, Rollenspiele, Double Binds: Kommunikation und Bewusstsein im Werk Birgit Vanderbekes
Authors: Uecker Matthias
Published: March 2003

Abweichend von der dominierenden Strategie der Literaturkritik, die das Werk Birgit Vanderbekes in erster Linie auf seine soziologische Repräsentativität für Entwicklungen der deutschen Gesellschaft seit den fünfziger Jahren untersucht hat, konzentriert dieser Aufsatz sich auf die Kommunikationsverhältnisse in den Erzählungen Vanderbekes. Gezeigt wird, dass sowohl der spezifische Stil der Erzählungen als auch ihr thematischer Zusammenhang auf dem Interesse der Autorin an paradoxen Kommunikationsverhältnissen und den Problemen ihrer literarischen Darstellung basieren. Als Fluchtpunkt der literarischen Entwicklung Vanderbekes erscheint schließlich der selbstreferentielle Charakter ihrer Texte, die in zunehmendem Maße die eigene literarische Konstruktion thematisieren.
The Impact of an Identical Demand Shock on Two Cities
Authors: Lemelin André
Published: March 2003

It is generally agreed that in a larger, more diversified, economy, leakages are weaker, and multipliers, greater. But how great are the differences? And how significant are the effects of diversity, relative to other factors? These questions are examined using two applied general equilibrium models, one for the Quebec metropolitan area, and the other for the Montreal area. Both models, identical in format, were calibrated from regional social accounting matrices based on the same methods and data sources. By simulating the economic impact of identical exogenous shocks on each of the two economies, it was possible to quantify the differences in the values of the multipliers: they are quite variable, ranging from 8 percent to 33 percent when induced consumption effects are taken into account, and from 2 percent to 27 percent otherwise. In general, differences are smaller for demand shocks that include a substantial fraction of direct labor and other factor income. Controlled simulation experiments show that neither the share of income paid to resident households, nor the households’ propensities to consume seem to play a critical role. So it appears likely that the key factor is indeed size and the diversity of productive capacities, as it is reflected in local suppliers’ market shares.
The Location and Suburbanization of Business and Professional Services in the Atlanta Area
Authors: Gong Hongmian , Wheeler James o.
Published: March 2003

Despite an increase of 200,000 jobs in business and professional services in the Atlanta metropolitan area between 1982 and 1997, the central city saw employment as a percentage of these services drop by approximately 20 percent. Most growth occurred in the northern suburbs, resulting in a dispersed distribution of business and professional services in Atlanta. To understand the spatial distribution and suburbanization of business and professional services in Atlanta, regression analysis was carried out for 1982 and 1992. Flexible female workers, corporate headquarters, well –educated professionals, and highway access turned out to be important location determinants, with the latter two being increasingly responsible for the suburbanization of business and professional services.
Trends in Higher Education Participation in Scotland
Authors: Paterson Lindsay
Published: March 2003

Scottish higher education has expanded and diversified in the last two decades. Most notably, compared to the early 1980s, participation in the mid‐1990s has risen disproportionately among people aged over 21, people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, women, and (probably) minority ethnic groups. Students are more likely to move away from their home region on entering undergraduate courses, although they are not much more likely than before to leave Scotland altogether. Although participation from Scotland generally has risen more rapidly than participation from elsewhere in the UK generally, at some Scottish institutions the proportion of undergraduates coming from outside Scotland is growing. The system as a whole is not becoming markedly more part‐time, although there has been a rise in the very small proportion of people who are studying for first degrees part‐time (as opposed to HNDs etc). The share of higher education taking place in further education colleges has grown sharply, but nearly all of that has been for HNDs etc rather than degrees. The expansion has been driven partly by general social change (including the intergenerational effects of previous educational expansion), partly by special entrance schemes to encourage students from social backgrounds that have not in the past been strongly associated with entering higher education, and partly by government policy. These pressures will continue, and will probably be reinforced by the imminent reform of post‐16 assessment and curriculum in Scotland, producing for the educational stage immediately preceding higher education for most students a unified framework embracing both academic and vocational courses.
Irreconcilable Differences? The Business of Social Research and Users
Authors: Rappert Brian
Published: March 2003

Research in universities has undergone significant restructuring in the last decade and a half. Much of this restructuring stems from government policies aimed at harnessing research towards the goals of national wealth creation and improved quality of life. A key strategy in achieving these goals is making research relevant to ‘users’, typically defined in terms of business. Although many have commented on the tensions that arise from incorporating the notions of users and relevance in the natural and physical sciences, these have received little attention as they apply to the social sciences. As this paper argues, the application of the notion of users is far from unproblematic and reflects the wider ambiguities of UK science policy in general.
The Assurance of Standards at Masters level: An empirical investigation
Authors: Atkins Madeline J. , Redley Marcus
Published: March 2003

This article presents the findings of a study of 94 Postgraduate Taught Masters programmes (PGTMs) offered in twelve Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the UK. It is based on interviews with administrators and with degree programme directors. Documentation was also analysed. The study was commissioned by the HEQC/QAA as a result of the recommendations of the Harris and Dearing Reports. The study reveals wide variation in regulatory frameworks relating to Masters programmes and in the design of programmes, but consensus on the defining characteristics of work at this level and the nature of benefits that students obtain. While institutional procedures for initial approval and validation appear to be rigorous and effective, the ongoing assurance and monitoring of standards is heavily dependent on the external examiner system and informal academic networks with virtually no systematic staff development or benchmarking in place. Several issues are identified in relation to the proposed national typology of courses/levels.
Half Full, Not Half Empty: A Positive Look at Part‐time Higher Education
Authors: Davies Pat
Published: March 2003

This article explores the largely negative view of part‐time higher education in contemporary policy discourse and the academic community. It presents the available data and re‐interprets it in a positive way demonstrating that part‐time students are not only in the (silent) majority but represent a model of lifelong learning, generate significant income for the universities and represent a resource of great potential for higher education. However, it concludes that there remains an outstanding research agenda and policy debate before its full potential can be realised.
The National Framework for Australian Higher Education Equity: Its Origins, Evolution and Current Status
Authors: Ramsay Eleanor
Published: March 2003

This paper traverses three consecutive policy periods with respect to Australian higher education equity, the first two driven by the policies of successive Labor Governments and the third by a highly deregulatory market liberal Coalition Government. It identifies the distinguishing characteristics of the national equity policy, planning and reporting framework put into place by Australian Labor Governments in the first of these periods (mid 1980s–mid 1990s). The second and abruptly concluded period is significant in terms of the evaluation it provides of the achievements of that framework and the elaboration of the principles, policy and procedures required to entrench progress over the longer term. The paper goes on to identify what remains of that framework in the third and contemporary era, given that the policies of the current conservative Coalition Government have brought about changes in higher education funding and policy directions which threaten to reverse what progress had been made in the two earlier periods.
Participation in Higher Education in Scotland: A Geographic and Social Analysis
Authors: Johnston Véronique , Raab Gillian , Abdalla Ibrahim
Published: March 2003

In this paper we relate participation in full‐time Higher Education in Scotland to the geographic and social characteristics of the areas where people reside. National data on students at Higher Education institutions in all parts of the UK are used to calculate the rates, with areas of residence defined by their addresses at the times of applying to the institutions. Population data and the social characteristics of the areas were derived from the 1991 Census. The smallest geographic area considered was the Post‐Code Sector, consisting of around 5000 households. Economic factors, social class, unemployment and housing tenure were strongly related to participation in the expected direction. However, different strengths of effect were found in different parts of the country. The analyses also suggest that cultural factors may be important, especially away from the major cities, and that aspects of accessibility to the institutions may also be of relevance in some areas.
Do League Tables Contribute to the Development of a Quality Culture? Football and Higher Education Compared
Authors: Tight Malcolm
Published: March 2003

The increasing use of league tables to summarise the relative performance of universities suggests an explicit analogy with association football. The extent to which this analogy is useful is explored through a comparison between the operation of the Premier and Nationwide Football Leagues and Universities and Colleges in England and Wales. This comparison considers issues such as what the league tables actually measure, how performance is linked to rewards or penalties, what mechanisms are available for improving performance, and what similarities there are between the locations of more or less successful football clubs and universities.
Making R&D More Than Research Plus Development
Authors: Stanton Geoff , Morris Andrew
Published: March 2003

Much criticism of educational research has focussed on the problem of its effective dissemination to practitioners. This paper explores an alternative model, in which research, in some of its modes at least, is linked with development rather than dissemination. This argument is made in the context of further education. Most further education colleges have a tradition of involvement in development work, and many have a senior member of staff responsible for it. An examination of this has led to the conclusion that a two‐way link needs to exist between researchers and those who have the role of development manager in colleges. It is argued that a well developed model embracing both research and development could be very powerful, and could establish a new and more productive relationship between colleges and universities. However, it is also argued that this relationship cannot be fully effective without some form of mediation. This requires the creation of a new kind of professional to undertake this function. The model proposed is one in which research and development remain distinct activities, each with their own disciplines and expertise, but where R&D as an integrated concept becomes more than the sum of its parts.
The UK Research Assessment Exercise: Unintended Consequences
Authors: Elton Lewis
Published: March 2003

It is argued that many of the consequences that have followed successive Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs) have been unintended and a high proportion of these, particularly the longer term ones, are deleterious or potentially so. Of these, the most serious is almost certainly the competitive, adversarial and punitive spirit evoked by the RAE which is clearly inherent in it. Unfortunately, it is in the nature of long term consequences that, by the time that they become apparent, they are usually beyond remedying. It is therefore essential, now that there is to be a more fundamental review of the RAE, to be aware of potentially deleterious consequences, so as to avoid them before they become apparent, let alone researchable.
The Impact of Performance Indicators on the Work of University Academics: Evidence from Australian Universities
Authors: Taylor Jeanette
Published: March 2003

This paper examines the impact of the application of performance indicators on the teaching and research activities of 152 university academics from four representative Australian universities. Most of the participants reported an increase in pressure to focus on the activities measured by the teaching and research performance indicators. A majority of the participants also indicated that their approach to teaching and research have changed. In research, this essentially meant focusing on external research grants applications and publications, and maximising the quantity produced from these activities. Some staff did use various strategies to increase their scores such as writing shorter papers in order to increase the quantity of publications. Moreover, a sizeable proportion of the participants indicated a shift in their work priorities towards research at the expense of teaching. One possible reason could be the lack of special incentives to increase their emphasis on teaching.
Affording Universal Higher Education
Authors: Chipman Lauchlan
Published: March 2003

Can we achieve universal or near–universal higher education within the next two decades, without a massive increase in government investment in higher education? It is argued that the answer is yes, with greater involvement of the private, for–profit sector, or by encouraging existing not–for–profit universities to open for–profit campuses, at which the emphasis is on high–quality and convenient undergraduate teaching, with little or no research, and a concentration on high–demand, low–cost disciplines. This position requires us to recognise that research engagement is not conceptually essential for an institution to count as a university, understood both historically and through international comparison. Rather, this assumption operates as a significant entry barrier to new, low–cost entrants. This paper provides a case study of the ways in which Central Queensland University has extended its operations by developing surplus–generating campuses through joint–venture operations with the private sector, and argues such an operation could just as easily be developed as a free–standing, for–profit mode of university degree delivery – provided that present, artificial, protectionist limitations on the use of the name ‘university’ are removed. Degree programmes of such institutions should, of course, be subject to the same quality assurance standards as apply to existing universities.
False Friends, Spiteful Enemies: a Community at Law in Early Modern England
Authors: Churches Christine
Published: March 2003

This article examines a body of lawsuits from the fast‐growing colliery port of Whitehaven in northwest England, in the early eighteenth century. The matching estate correspondence illuminates how litigation affected relations between the major landowning family and their tenants, and how it was used by different interest groups within the town. Looking at the use of the law from the standpoint of the litigants, examining who initiated the suits and why, and with what results, will go some way in furthering our knowledge of the culture of the law in early modern England.
Between Myth and Margin: The Huguenots in Irish History*
Authors: Ludington Charles C.
Published: March 2003

This article surveys the modern historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland. As victims of religious persecution, but also as Protestants, the historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland provides an excellent barometer for measuring contemporary political and historiographical concerns within Ireland. In the long and arduous struggles over Irish identity, religion and political control, the Huguenots have been used by some historians to represent heroic Protestant victims of Catholic, absolutist tyranny, and the prosperity‐inducing values of Protestant dissent. Alternatively, they have been overlooked as inconsequential bit‐players in the clear cultural and political divide between Saxon and Celt. In post‐1920 Ireland, they have also represented the legitimacy of southern Irish Protestantism. More recently, professional historians have attempted to examine the Huguenot refugee communities in Ireland with no preconceived notions or political points of view. This approach has proved fruitful. Nevertheless, by representing European connections in Irish history and cultural diversity within Irish society at a time when these issues are debated throughout the island, the Huguenots in Ireland remain a potent political symbol.
Words by the Numbers: a Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of the Oratorical Careers of William Ewart Gladstone and Winston Spencer Churchill*
Authors: Meisel Joseph S.
Published: March 2003

This article examines and compares the oratorical productivity of Gladstone and Churchill, two long-lived British statesmen and iconic prime ministers noted for their powers as public speakers. Based upon data sources providing the date, subject and location of their speeches (over 2,000 each), quantitative analyses provide new ways of viewing the patterns and emphases of Gladstone's and Churchill's political careers, and establish a new basis for assessing the role of oratory in their public lives and reputations. Comparisons between Gladstone's and Churchill's public speaking careers shed new light on the changing structures, practices and technologies of British politics from the eighteen-thirties to the nineteen-fifties.
A Forgotten Crusade: Alfonso VII of León-Castile and the Campaign for Jaén (1148)
Authors: Barton Simon
Published: March 2003

Between 1147 and 1149 the rulers of the realms of Christian Iberia conducted a series of victorious campaigns against the Muslims of the peninsula. Although it has been widely assumed that Alfonso VII of León-Castile remained militarily inactive during 1148, Christian and Muslim sources, notably the Anales Toledanos and the Ibar of Ibn-Khaldu¯n, indicate that the emperor led an unsuccessful expedition to capture Jaén in that year; and that he sought papal encouragement for his efforts. The Jaén crusade should be viewed in the context of a general Christian offensive backed by the papacy to destroy the power of Islam.
Models of Discourse and Hermeneutics in Octavio Paz’s El Laberinto de la Soledad
Authors: Stanton Anthony
Published: March 2003

This article explores how certain presuppositions govern our interpretations of this canonical text by Octavio Paz. I trace its biographical and textual origins, the book’s peculiar reception, some of its multiple intellectual sources, and the problem of genre and how these hermeneutic discourses and epistemological tools interact. Structure (the relationship between psychology and history), rhetorical strategies and central symbols and metaphors that give the book its unity and complexity are also discussed. I conclude that we can read this hybrid work simultaneously as essay, narrative text, autobiography and modern epic myth: it is both an analytic or ironic deconstruction and an imaginative, symbolic construction of individual and collective identity.
The Disappeared and the Mesa de Diálogo in Chile 1999–2001: Searching for Those Who Never Grew Old
Authors: Aguilar Mario I.
Published: March 2003

This paper describes steps taken in order to deal with information regarding human rights abuses in Chile during the Pinochet regime, focusing on the most recent initiative, the Mesa de Diálogo (1999–2001) whose final report was given to president Lagos in January 2001. Two national initiatives, i.e. the establishment and reports of the Comisión de Verdad y Reconciliación (1991) and the following‐up of this inquiry by the Corporación Nacional de Reparación y Reconciliación (1996) preceded La Mesa and are discussed in this paper. The paper concludes by suggesting that the Chilean transition to democracy will remain incomplete if the fate of the disappeared is not fully known and legally investigated.
Heroes, Villains and Women: Representations of Latin America in The Voyage by Fernando Solanas
Authors: Shaw Deborah
Published: March 2003

This article provides a close study of Solanas’s most ambitious film, The Voyage (El viaje). It examines the director’s attempts to create a model of Latin American cinema in opposition to Hollywood aesthetics. The paper discusses the extent to which Solanas is successful in this project, and examines the ways in which he has been faithful to his political views. In addition, the paper challenges the film’s representations of women, arguing that in this respect The Voyage fails in its attempts at radical filmmaking; the hero’s quest is seen in patriarchal terms and the female characters are marginalized.
My Business Pays Me: Labourers and Entrepreneurs Among the Self–Employed Poor in Latin America
Authors: Eversole Robyn
Published: March 2003

Are the independent economic activities of poor people “petty commodity production”—an informal way to earn a subsistence wage? Or are they “microentrepreneurship”, a launching point for capital accumulation and growth? This paper draws on fieldwork in Bolivia, Peru and Guatemala, focusing specifically on the poorest businesses. In–depth interviews indicate that even the smallest–scale producers, merchants and service providers have goals of “improving” their business and “growing” their capital, not unlike their capitalist counterparts. Yet, while growth is desirable, maintaining one's business as a steady source of income is a sufficient achievement for many. Poor self–employed people are both “labourers” and “entrepreneurs”; the key macro–level question becomes, not “Do petty–commodity producers have different goals than capitalist entrepreneurs”, but “What resources are lacking, and what obstacles exist, that keep many microentrepreneurs in low–yield activities, with little opportunity to grow their resources?”
Governance for reconstruction in Africa: challenges for policy communities and coalitions
Authors: Mbabazi Pamela , MacLean Sandra J. , Shaw Timothy M.
Published: March 2003

This article seeks to advance analyses and responses to conflict prevention and reconstruction in Africa that go beyond state‐centric perspectives to include a range of non‐state players. Drawing on examples from both Uganda and Canada, it focuses on the activities of NGOs that have ‘partnered’ with state‐based actors in various peacekeeping and peace‐building operations as well as on the increasingly important role played by think‐tanks. The latter have emerged in Africa as major contributors to the proliferating literature on the political economy of violence, an approach that recognizes that African conflict reflects imperatives of production and consumption in relations that juxtapose Africa’s political institutions and cultures with international and global political economies. The article argues that novel forms of ‘security communities’ are emerging from the non‐state/state/international partnerships and coalitions that have developed around contemporary issues like ‘blood’ diamonds, small arms, debt and HIV/AIDS, thus drawing attention to connections between conflict and development.
Rethinking comparative studies: an agent–centred perspective
Authors: Clark Gordon L. , Tracey Paul , Lawton Smith Helen
Published: March 2003

Broadly speaking, three rival approaches to comparative research can be identified. One suggests that the study of different countries and their regions is unproblematic, and is best exemplified by scholarship in mainstream (particularly neoclassical) economics. Stress is placed on an integrated theoretical perspective emphasizing apparent similarities while explaining differences by reference to the heritage of nations and places. By way of contrast a second approach, which owes much to anthropology, relies on case studies and presumes the existence of profound differences between countries and regions. Stress is placed upon the local cultural, social and political factors that sustain persistent difference. A third approach is rooted in new institutional economics and argues for the significance of national institutional frameworks, supposing that those frameworks shape and structure the actions of agents. Whatever their differences and origins, idealism drives each method of comparative study. In this article, we consider these rival theories of comparative study, and suggest an alternative model based upon a set of fundamental assumptions about the nature of human cognition. These assumptions are the building blocks for our analysis, which has global applicability. We focus in particular upon consciousness and reflexivity, the interplay between agency and structure, and the connection between intention and rationality. Implications are then drawn for the practice of comparative studies. In the penultimate section of the article we comment on the limits of comparative studies emphasizing the problems that lie behind the translation of complex concepts within and between languages.
The Indian diaspora in global advocacy
Authors: Gandhi Ajay
Published: March 2003

The activities of Indian diasporic activists in the subcontinent and North America are explored in order to question the simple dichotomies and categories through which advocacy networks are often understood. These dichotomies include West/non–West, violence/non–violence and local/global. The argument illuminates some of pressures, contradictions and fissures shaping the Indian diaspora’s involvement in advocacy issues. There are culturally specific spaces and strategies for advocacy practice, at the same time as advocacy issues acquire new meanings through involvement in more transnational networks.
Networking across borders: the South Asian Research Network on Gender, Law and Governance
Authors: Rai Shirin M.
Published: March 2003

In this article I focus on a subaltern approach to knowledge networks by examining the process of setting up such a network, the South Asia Research Network (SARN) on Gender, Law and Governance. I reflect on the construction of discourses about ‘knowledge’ and ‘knowledge–makers’ and the issues of access that emerge as a result of these discourses and practices. I outline three aspects of a ‘politics of network(s)–ing’: the politics of process; the politics of outcome; and the politics of framing. I conclude that the borders of which we need to be aware are not just national borders but also borders of power. Knowledge networks are politically heterogeneous and for subaltern networks to have sustainable organizations as well as critical politics they need to be self–reflective and deliberative.
Limiting Factors Impacting on Voluntary First Person Informed Consent in the Philippines
Authors: Alvarez Castillo Fatima
Published: March 2003

How well can institutional guidelines help ensure the dignity, rights, safety and well being of research participants in an underdeveloped country? In this paper I describe the limits of informed consent as an instrument for the protection of participants in the context of the Philippines. I bring to this paper my experiences as an advocate of rights, a member of an ethics review board, a researcher on the ethics of research and as an observer of the dynamics of clinical practice in an academic public teaching hospital of the University of the Philippines where I am professor.
Children and the Law: The Place of Health Professionals1
Authors: Kaplan Carole
Published: March 2003

Background: Mental health professionals and lawyers must work together in the best interests of children and adolescents at many different interfaces. Professionals in the health and legal professions often face criticism of their work and friction can develop.

Method: In this paper I have considered some of the issues that should be addressed, including the introduction of the White Paper on Mental Health and the existing Children Act; the work done in Tribunals considering applications for children; the demands made on experts in Court cases and some of the difficult areas of medical ethics.

Conclusions: A great deal of complex work is done at the interface between child mental health and the law – a considerable effort is needed to maintain this and make the needed improvements in this field.
Comments On ‘Technological Choices in Ceramic Production’, Archaeometry, 42(1), 1–76, 2000
Authors: Cumberpatch C. G. , Griffiths D. R. , Kolb C. C. , Neff H. , Roux V. , Stilborg O. , Sillar B. , Smith A. Livingstone , Pool C. A.
Published: March 2003

Sillar, B., and Tite, M. S., 2000, The challenge of ‘technological choices for materials science approaches in archaeology, Archaeometry42, 2–20. Livingstone Smith, A., 2000, Processing clay for pottery in northern Cameroon: social and technical requirements, Archaeometry42, 21–42. Sillar, B., 2000, Dung by preference: the choice of fuel as an example of how Andean pottery production is embedded within wider technical, social, and economic practices, Archaeometry42, 43–60. Pool, C. A., 2000, Why a kiln? Firing technology in the Sierra de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz (Mexico), Archaeometry42, 61–76.
Abstract databases as information sources in economic geography
Authors: Chapman Keith , Edmond Helen
Published: March 2003

The limitations of existing information sources on mergers/acquisitions within the EU are a serious obstacle to the study of the restructuring of the European production system. The experience of using a computerized abstracting service as a source of information on mergers/acquisitions in the chemical industry is reviewed. This experience informs an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of similar databases as information sources in economic geography. The proliferation of such databases, together with advances in text management software, suggests that their potential has not been fully appreciated. This potential is considerable in providing easy access to detailed factual information on economic events and processes at continental and global scales. It is, however, strictly limited when it comes to interpreting the corporate strategies and motivations responsible for these developments.
Rethinking the dumping grounds: questioning assumptions about movement into the relocation settlement of Bilanyoni
Authors: Meth Paula
Published: March 2003

Historical accounts of relocation settlements in South Africa have emphasized processes of dispossession in the creation of these settlements. This paper considers other related histories of movement into relocation settlements as evidence of seldom considered contradictory and ambiguous experiences around movement and attachment to place — hence encouraging a rethink of the laden term ‘the dumping grounds’.
Regionalism in the Asia Pacific: is Geography destiny?
Authors: Poon Jessie
Published: March 2003

The renaissance in geographical 'bloc' development in the 1990s has generated expectations that prevailing international regionalism is compatible with the dominant global integration model. Nascent regionalism in the Asia Pacific best captures this trend with regional initiatives being established on the basis of 'open' regionalism as opposed to 'closed' regionalism that is associated potentially with institution building and regional governance. In this paper, I examine the shape and nature of Asia Pacific regionalism. I show how countries here favour a process of regime building that is centred on network building among state and private actors without any goal towards institution building. Asia Pacific regionalism is less concerned with the production and governance of regional space than the assertion of a collective Asian political culture that preserves state sovereignty.
Discourses of regeneration in early twentieth‐century Britain: from Bedlam to the Imperial War Museum
Authors: Cooke Steven , Jenkins Lloyd
Published: March 2003

This paper examines the building that presently houses the Imperial War Museum, investigating the transformation of the archetypal ‘mad space’ of the Bethlem Royal Hospital into what has been described as the ‘biggest boy’s bedroom in London’. Following recent concerns in human geography with Imperial cities, it highlights the differing ways in which this transformation embodies a number of themes of degeneration and regeneration in early twentieth‐century Britain.
Economists and the ARC Large Grants Scheme: A Brief Report
Authors: Fretz Deborah , Veall Michael R.
Published: March 2003

We examine awards to economics in recent years under the Australian Research Council (ARC) Large Grants Scheme and speculate briefly on the effects of the new National Competitive Grants Programme. The primary determinant of number of awards by panel is number of applications. While no ARC rule guarantees panels will preserve success‐to‐application ratios by discipline, this seems a good approximation for economics and many other Social Science panel disciplines, though limited evidence suggests economics assessors give somewhat lower scores. Economics ARC award rates per staff member resemble those in other social sciences but are significantly smaller than those in philosophy, history, biology and chemistry.
Estimating the Cost of Children from New Zealand Quasi‐unit Record Data of Household Consumption
Authors: Michelini Claudio
Published: March 2003

This paper utilizes quasi‐unit record data on expenditures and incomes of New Zealand households of different demographic profiles to estimate alternative versions of a preference‐consistent complete demand system. From the estimated models, it computes the households’ expenditure elasticities and the equivalence scales required by households of different demographic profiles to attain comparable utility levels.
Broadband Delivered Entertainment Services: Forecasting Australian Subscription Intentions
Authors: Madden Gary , Simpson Michael , Savage Scott
Published: March 2003

This study estimates a nested multinomial logit (NMNL) model of broadband delivered entertainment service subscription that allows for the impact of an installation fee and rental price, service attributes and household demographic variables on subscription. The model is estimated on stated–preference data obtained from an Australia–wide survey of capital cities and provincial centres. Nested multinomial logit model estimates are used to provide forecasts that suggest 65 per cent of separate residences passed are likely to subscribe at 2000. This percentage translates into 1237 744 subscribers.
Changes in New Zealand Consumer Living Standards during the Period of Deregulation 1984–1996
Authors: Maki Atsushi
Published: March 2003

This paper focuses on changes in New Zealanders’ consumption behaviour during the period of deregulation in the 1980s and 1990s. After estimating the Almost Ideal Demand System, changes in living standards among 10 income classes are analysed based on the dual approach of consumer behaviour. When the observed total expenditure is higher than the estimated minimum cost, this indicates that the standard of living for the income class has improved, and vice versa. My findings suggest that the effect of deregulation varies among income classes and that while the higher income classes benefit most, they do not consistently nor exclusively benefit from deregulation.
Valuing Publicly Provided Services
Authors: Quiggin John
Published: March 2003

Decisions about expenditure on health, education and other publicly provided services require choices regarding how much of our collective income we should allocate to these services and which services should be given priority. The attempt to answer this question has stimulated many developments in economic theory and practice, from human capital theory to systems of extended national accounts. This paper is a brief survey of some of the most important ideas, with reference to their implications for Australian public policy.
Fostering women’s participation in development through non‐governmental efforts in Cameroon
Authors: Fonjong Lotsmart
Published: March 2003

Women constitute 52 per cent of the population of Cameroon and play a very crucial role in the development of society at all levels. Unfortunately, they function from a subordinate position inherent in both traditional and state institutions. Women’s empowerment is currently an issue of national concern and both state and international efforts at mainstreaming women in development have so far produced mixed results. The ‘grassroots’ approach of NGOs has been effective in reaching women at all levels. Activities of NGOs have had far reaching but mixed effects in meeting both practical and strategic gender needs. This paper examines case studies of NGOs and women’s empowerment in Cameroon, and highlights their successes, with regard to improved access and welfare and their limitations, with regard to conscientisation, participation and control.
The extent of dissent: The effect of group composition and size on Israeli decisions to confront low intensity conflict
Authors: Kuperman Ranan D.
Published: March 2003

Abstract. This article tests a number of hypotheses about foreign policy decision making within parliamentary democracies. First it explores the origins of debates among decision‐makers. Are deliberations provoked by alternative organizational perspectives or by conflicting ideological orientations? Second, it asks how debates are resolved. On the one hand, it has been suggested that, because each minister has an equal vote, a compromise between decision‐makers must be reached. On the other hand, it has been argued that the Prime Minister exerts considerable control and power in foreign policy matters in relation to other decision‐makers. These questions were studied with the aid of data collected from a sample of 97 decision episodes between 1949 and 1982, where the Israeli government discussed how to respond to low‐intensity aggression against Israeli citizens and soldiers. The results of this research demonstrate that internal debates are poorly associated with organizational or political diversity. Instead group size seems to be more important, although the relationship is not linear. In any case, the discussions usually concluded in a consensus around the Prime Minister's policy of choice, thus indicating that he or she is the paramount decision‐maker.
Clinical Effectiveness Research in Managed‐care Systems: Lessons from the Pediatric Asthma Care PORT
Authors: Finkelstein Jonathan A. , Lozano Paula , Streiff Kachen A. , Arduino Kelly E. , Sisk Cynthia A. , Wagner Edward H. , Weiss Kevin B. , Inui Thomas S.
Published: March 2003

Objective. To highlight the unique challenges of evaluative research on practice behavior change in the “real world'' settings of contemporary managed‐care organizations, using the experience of the Pediatric Asthma Care PORT (Patient Outcomes Research Team).

Study Setting. The Pediatric Asthma Care PORT is a five‐year initiative funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to study strategies for asthma care improvement in three managed‐care plans in Chicago, Seattle, and Boston. At its core is a randomized trial of two care improvement strategies compared with usual care: (1) a targeted physician education program using practice based Peer Leaders (PL) as change agents, (2) adding to the PL intervention a “Planned Asthma Care Intervention'' incorporating joint “asthma check‐ups'' by nurse‐physician teams. During the trial, each of the participating organizations viewed asthma care improvement as an immediate priority and had their own corporate improvement programs underway.

Data Collection. Investigators at each health plan described the organizational and implementation challenges in conducting the PAC PORT randomized trial. These experiences were reviewed for common themes and “lessons'' that might be useful to investigators planning interventional research in similar care‐delivery settings.

Conclusions. Randomized trials in “real world'' settings represent the most robust design available to test care improvement strategies. In complex, rapidly changing managed‐care organizations, blinding is not feasible, corporate initiatives may complicate implementation, and the assumption that a “usual care'' arm will be static is highly likely to be mistaken. Investigators must be prepared to use innovative strategies to maintain the integrity of the study design, including: continuous improvement within the intervention arms, comanagement by researchers and health plan managers of condition‐related quality improvement initiatives, procedures for avoiding respondent burden in health plan enrollees, and anticipation and minimization of risks from experimental arm contamination and major organizational change. With attention to these delivery system issues, as well as the usual design features of randomized trials, we believe managed‐care organizations can serve as important laboratories to test care improvement strategies.
Response to Professor Pryor’s Millennium Survey
Authors: Huber Joan
Published: March 2003

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). “The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21st Century.”The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3‐33.
On Ending the Forced Choice between Attributions of Change to Exogenous vs. Endogenous Causes
Authors: Huber Joan
Published: March 2003

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). 7ldquo;The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21st Century.”The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3‐33.
How Economists Form Their Views: Reaction to Professor Pryor's Millennium Survey
Authors: Velthuis Olav
Published: March 2003

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). “The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21st Century.”The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3‐33.
Book Note
Authors: Genovese Frank C.
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed:

Peter Golding and Graham Murdock (eds.), The Political Economy of the Media
Social Sciences at Masaryk University: The Revival of an Important Tradition
Authors: Blažek Ladislav
Published: March 2003

The Czech Republic’s second university after Charles University in Prague has restored its commitments to research and teaching in the social sciences after the fall of the Communist regime in 1989.
On the Origins of The American Journal of Economics and Sociology: Its Purposes and Objectives
Authors: Lissner Will
Published: March 2003

This essay, written with the help of his devoted wife, Mrs. Dorothy Burnham Lissner, was prepared at the request of the current editor of the AJES. This essay was written during the fall of 1999. On September 10, Mrs. Lissner informed me that, “The early history of the Journal is all done. . . . I hope it is satisfactory . . . Will and I worked very hard on it. Long hours. . . . so I decided to interview him and take down what he said or have him answer on tape. Then I put everything together on the computer, almost like an article. He [Will Lissner] has checked it and thinks it's perfect, that we can do no better” (correspendence of D. B. Lissner with L. Moss, 9/10/99). This is the last known writing of Will Lissner and summarizes his aims, goals, and ambitions for this Journal nearly six decades after its founding. Had Will had more time, this essay would have been the first of a series of reflections on this history of this Journal.
IMF Conditionality and Objections: The Russian Case
Authors: Martinez‐Vazquez Jorge , Rioja Felix , Skogstad Samuel , Valev Neven
Published: March 2003

Emerging economies in crisis typically request assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). After evaluating the situation, the IMF makes a loan available to the country, conditional on certain policy reforms. Governments usually resist many of these measures and negotiation ensues. This paper analyzes the most contentious measures of IMF conditionality in the context of Russia after the August 1998 crisis. The most discussed measures include the budget deficit, structural reforms, and exchange rate policy. Our analysis suggests that to some extent the disagreement arose because the IMF is focused on changing steady states somewhat ignoring the transition path, while the Russian government is preoccupied with transitional dynamics without a clearly defined steady state concept.
The Long and Bumpy Road to Glass‐Steagall Reform: A Historical and Evolutionary Analysis of Banking Legislation
Authors: Hendrickson Jill M.
Published: March 2003

This paper focuses on understanding the role of interest groups and markets in influencing regulatory change. To that end, it first identifies the interest groups surrounding the creation of legislation that separated commercial and investment banking in the 1930s and then identifies the interest groups involved in the more recent attempts to repeal the separation. Careful attention is also given to developments in the private market that affect the legislative process. This then becomes the case study for understanding how interest groups and market developments are able to influence regulatory policy. This particular case study finds that existing orthodox economic and political science literature gives too much credit to interest groups and not enough credit to private market developments when analyzing policy development and reform.
The Determinants and Impact of State Abortion Restrictions
Authors: Medoff Marshall H.
Published: March 2003

This paper shows that a state’s abortion policy is determined by the strength of interest advocacy groups and political forces. The greater the membership in the National Abortion Rights Action League, the percentage of female state legislators and the percentage of Democratic female legislators, the less restrictive a state’s abortion policy. The greater a state’s population that are Roman Catholics, the more restrictive a state’s abortion policy. The paper also estimates the impact abortion restrictions have on a state’s abortion rate. The empirical results show that abortion restrictions have no statistically significant impact on a state’s abortion rate. A state’s abortion restrictions do not significantly increase out‐of‐state abortions.
Custom and Rules
Authors: Koppl Roger
Published: March 2003

This comment is part of a symposium on Ekkehart Schlicht, On Custom in the Economy (1998)
Custom, Legislation and Market Order
Authors: Wagner Richard E.
Published: March 2003

This comment is part of a symposium on Ekkehart Schlicht, On Custom in the Economy (1998)