bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile H2SO4/4 Å Molecular Sieves Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated O‐Glycosides via Ferrier‐Type Rearrangement.
Authors: Zhou Jiafen , Zhang Bo , Yang Guofang , Chen Xuan , Wang Qingbing , Wang Zhongfu , Zhang Jianbo , Tang Jie
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Chaetocin (I) and Its Analogues: Their Histone Methyltransferase G9a Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Iwasa Eriko , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Fujishiro Shinya , Higuchi Eisuke , Ito Akihiro , Yoshida Minoru , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleoside‐Based Phospholipid Amphiphiles.
Authors: Jung Hun Rok , Vu Tran Khac , Choi Seung Kyu , Park Sun Min , Kim Byeang Hyean
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of Two Novel Resveratrol Dimers.
Authors: Li Wenling , Li Hongfu , Wang Aixia , Luo Yaling , Zang Peng
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Clavosolide A and B.
Authors: Son Jung Beom , Kim Si Nae , Kim Na Yeong , Hwang Min‐ho , Lee Wonsun , Lee Duck Hyung
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Ailanthoidol, Egonol, and Related Analogues.
Authors: Duan Xin‐Fang , Shen Gang , Zhang Zhan‐Bin
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthetic Routes to Biologically Interesting Geranylated Acetophenones from Melicope Semecarpifolia and Their Unnatural Prenylated and Farnesylated Derivatives.
Authors: Xia Likai , Narasimhulu Manchala , Li Xin , Shim Jae‐Jin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Otteliones A (I) and B (II).
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Hui , Chen Yu‐Kai , Sha Chin‐Kang
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Solution of GaN and ZnO as a Stable Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Domen Kazunari
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Coordinating Behavior of Amino Alcohol Complexes with Transition Metals
Authors: Majid K. , Mushtaq R. , Ahmad S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Regioselective Ring Opening of Aziridines
Authors: Lu Pengfei
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐Benzimidazole‐2‐acetonitriles as Synthon in Fused Benzimidazole Synthesis
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Elwan Nehal M. , Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanocomposites: A New Perspective in Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Yinghuai , Stubbs Ludger Paul , Ho Feny , Liu Rongzhen , Ship Chee Peng , Maguire John A. , Hosmane Narayan S.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 6π Electrocyclizations: Pushing the Limits in Organocatalytic Pericyclic Reactions.
Authors: Vicario Jose L. , Badia Dolores
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide and Protein Thioester Synthesis via N→S Acyl Transfer
Authors: Kang Jaskiranjit , Macmillan Derek
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Double Punch: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Mates with C—H Functionalization
Authors: Knappke Christiane E. I. , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spiro‐and Tricyclic Phosphoranes with Six‐ and Higher‐Membered Rings
Authors: Swamy K. C. Kumara , Pavan M. Phani , Srinivas Venu
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aza Diels—Alder Reactions
Authors: Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shu
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chaperone‐Mediated Copper Handling in the Periplasm
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hae , Rensing Christopher , McEvoy Megan M.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Biosensors for Cell Adhesion
Authors: Ramsden Jeremy J. , Horvath Robert
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Tuning of Heme Electronic Structure by Means of Axial Ligands, Peripheral Substituents and Core Conformations
Authors: Nakamura Mikio
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercritical Fluid Technology in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Jain Tripti , Jain V. , Pandey R. , Daharwal S. J. , Shukla S. S. , Vyas A.
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Bacterial Light‐Harvesting Complexes on Solid Substrates
Authors: Iida Kouji , Dewa Takehisa , Nango Mamoru
Published: July 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monitoring of Impact of Ferti‐irrigation by Post‐methanated Distillery Effluent on Groundwater Quality
Authors: Chauhan Jaspal , Rai Jai Prakash Narayan
Published: July 2010

The impact assessment of molasses‐based distillery‐effluent irrigation on groundwater quality around village Gajraula in the district of Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India was studied by sampling groundwater on monthly intervals consecutively for summer, winter and monsoon seasons during 2006–2007 and water quality parameters, viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO), nitrate (NO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+), iron (Fe3+), and total coliforms (TC) were monitored. Results depicted that the values of all parameters decreased with increasing depth of water table. Sulphate, nitrate and potassium contents were maximal in agricultural site during monsoon while EC, Cl−, TS, TDS, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn, and Fe were maximal in industrial sites during summer. Groundwater samples of residential site harboured maximum coliforms especially during monsoon, highlighting threat to groundwater. Significant positive correlation matrix between coliforms with nitrate, sulphate and potassium ions explained their survival on these nutrients. To overcome this, important measures emphasizing improvement in effluent treatment technology matching site‐specific characteristics are recommended for eco‐friendly ferti‐irrigation.
Mycorrhizal Colonization Affects the Survival of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Grown in Water Containing As(III)
Authors: Srivastava Jatin , Shukla Dinesh , Chand Vishal , Naraian Ram , Chandra Harish , Nautiyal Anant R.
Published: July 2010

The presence of arsenic (As) in water is of great public concern. Arsenic exists in three common valence states viz., As(0) metalloid arsenic, As(III) (arsenite) and As(V) (arsenate). Arsenite [As(III)] is the most toxic form among arsenicals which, predominates in anaerobic conditions, generally in flooded soils and in the water with high BOD. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of As(III) on the mycorrhization in vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) grass in hydroponics. Studies showed significant alteration in the mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of vetiver exposed to higher concentrations of As(III) starting from 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 to 5.0 mg/L prepared in 5% Hoagland nutrient solution without addition of phosphate ions. Considerable reduction in the mycorrhizal intensity (M) was observed in all the treatment sets as compared to the control suggesting a negative impact of the As(III) on the mycorrhizal association. Simultaneously, the study also showed that, As(III) is toxic to the vetiver plants having mycorrhizal association however plants with non‐mycorrhizal (cleansed) roots were found to be able to survive for a longer period exposed to As(III).
Quadrature radio frequency coil for magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist at 4T
Authors: Zailaa Ali , Vegh Viktor , Maillet Don , Strudwick Mark W.
Published: July 2010

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quadrature transmit/receive radio frequency (RF) coil for the purpose of imaging the human wrist in high resolution is outlined. The proposed design is used in a nonconventional manner within the bore of the MRI scanner. Due to restrictions of field linearity, space, and patient comfort, it was deemed necessary to design a coil that can be placed above the head with the arm aligned in the transverse plane of the magnet. This configuration allows the placement of the coil to be near the isocenter of the magnet, away from static field impurities. The RF wrist coil was built and a phantom study was conducted to establish signal‐to‐noise (SNR) performance and coil uniformity. Our design resulted in a peak SNR of 150 and sufficient uniformity for our application. Subsequent imaging of the human wrist provided excellent detail of the anatomy of interest—i.e., the carpal tunnel. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 35B: 191–197, 2009
Simulation‐based analysis of the resolution and SNR properties of partial k‐space EPI
Authors: Malik Aamir Saeed
Published: July 2010

In normal echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences, a long data acquisition time not only excessively attenuates the signal obtained from the sequence but also alters its resolution depending on the adjustment of the sequence. In conventional full echo mode, the image resolution is preserved because of the negative high frequency parts. However, signal to noise ratio (SNR) is poor because of attenuation of DC components. So, a new pulse sequence is designed for gradient echo‐echo planar imaging (GE‐EPI) to solve this problem. Instead of starting acquisition from the maximum point in k‐Space, the acquisition point is selected according to the requirement. For example, if good SNR is required then the acquisition point selected is close to zero so as to preserve the DC components. If good resolution is required then the acquisition point selected is close to the maximum negative/positive point so as to preserve the negative/ positive high frequency. If both the SNR as well as good Resolution are required then a selection is made in between zero and maximum negative/positive point. In this way, the acquisition point is varied to get different choices for SNR and Resolution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 35B: 232–237, 2009
Reducing MRI gradient coil vibration with rib stiffeners
Authors: Lin Tian Ran , O'Shea Peter , Mechefske Chris
Published: July 2010

This work investigates the effect of rib stiffeners on the free and forced vibration of a gradient coil in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Several reinforcement schemes are studied in this article. One scheme utilizes the existing holes in the gradient coil structure (typically reserved for magnetic shims) to produce the reinforcement. Nonferrous, nonmagnetic carbon fiber rib stiffeners are employed to fill these holes in several ways to strengthen a gradient coil. Another scheme replaces the inner half of the gradient coil material with a grid of interconnected axial and circumferential rib stiffeners. It is found that the structural stiffness of the gradient coil increases substantially when the coil is reinforced by carbon fiber rib stiffeners. The reinforcement affects the noise and vibration response of the gradient coil structure in the following ways. It increases the frequency range of forced response of the gradient coil at low frequencies due to the increased resonant frequency of the fundamental mode of the coil. Second, it reduces the forced response amplitude of the coil structure (which is governed by the structural stiffness of the coil). Thirdly, it reduces the number of natural modes in the low and medium frequency range and therefore lessens the chance of the coil structure being excited resonantly by magnetic resonance signal acquisition sequences. It is shown that gradient coils modeled by solid finite element models have higher stiffness along the coil's circumference and lower stiffness in the axial direction than those using shell finite element models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 35B: 198–209, 2009
Partner‐assisted emotional disclosure for patients with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Porter Laura S. , Keefe Francis J. , Baucom Donald H. , Hurwitz Herbert , Moser Barry , Patterson Emily , Kim Hong Jin
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

For patients with cancer who are married or in an intimate relationship, their relationships with their partners play a critical role in their adaptation to illness. However, cancer patients and their partners often have difficulty in talking with each other about their cancer‐related concerns. Difficulties in communication ultimately may compromise both the patient‐partner relationship and the patient's psychological adjustment. The current study tested the efficacy of a novel partner‐assisted emotional disclosure intervention in a sample of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

METHODS:

One hundred thirty patients with GI cancer and their partners were assigned randomly to receive 4 sessions of either partner‐assisted emotional disclosure or a couples cancer education/support intervention. Patients and partners completed measures of relationship quality, intimacy with their partner, and psychological distress before randomization and at the end of the intervention sessions. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling.

RESULTS:

Compared with an education/support condition, the partner‐assisted emotional disclosure condition led to improvements in relationship quality and intimacy for couples in which the patient initially reported higher levels of holding back from discussing cancer‐related concerns.

CONCLUSIONS:

Partner‐assisted emotional disclosure is a novel intervention that builds on both the private emotional disclosure and the cognitive‐behavioral marital literature. The results of this study suggested that this intervention may be beneficial for couples in which the patient tends to hold back from discussing concerns. The authors concluded that future research on methods of enhancing the effects of partner‐assisted emotional disclosure is warranted. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4326–38. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Behaviors associated with ultraviolet radiation exposure in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer
Authors: Buchanan Natasha , Leisenring Wendy , Mitby Pauline A. , Meadows Anna T. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Mertens Ann C.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Previous research from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) has shown that risk of skin cancer is strongly associated with exposure to radiation therapy. The potential role of ultraviolet radiation exposure in survivors has not been described.

METHODS:

The CCSS is a retrospective cohort study designed to investigate late effects among 5‐year survivors of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer between 1970‐1986. Data regarding current sun protection behavior were collected on 9298 survivors and 2950 sibling controls. Median age at follow‐up was 31 years (range, 17‐54).

RESULTS:

In this cohort, childhood cancer survivors and siblings showed similar patterns of sunscreen use (67% vs 66%). Survivors were significantly less likely to report having sunbathed in the previous year (none vs any in previous year: relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89‐0.95) or use artificial tanning (none vs any in previous year: RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.70‐0.83). Compared with survivors without radiation therapy, survivors with radiation exposure showed increased use of sunscreen (RR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03‐1.10), and less sunbathing (none vs any in previous year: RR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86‐0.92) or artificial tanning (none vs any in previous year: RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.56‐0.69). In adjusted multivariable analysis, statistically significant factors for regular sunscreen use in the past summer (vs never/rarely) in the survivor population were being female, having lighter skin complexions, having previously been examined for skin cancer, and having skin that burned when in the sun unprotected.

CONCLUSIONS:

Survivors of childhood cancer self‐reported lower tanning practices than siblings. However, because of the potential increased risk of skin cancer from therapy‐related exposures, future research should be directed at intervention studies to further reduce UV exposures. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4374–84. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The impact of cancer on spouses' labor earnings
Authors: Syse Astri , Tretli Steinar , Kravdal Øystein
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Cancer affects patients' incomes, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have examined how the income of the patients' spouses may be influenced. In this population‐based study from Norway, the effects of cancer on both partners' earnings are analyzed.

METHODS:

The difference between labor earnings the year before the cancer diagnosis and that 2, 5, or 8 years later was compared with the difference in earnings over a corresponding period for similar persons without cancer, applying linear regression models to national registry data. Approximately 1.1 million married persons ages 35 to 59 years were included, among them 17,250 persons diagnosed with cancer during 1991 through 1999.

RESULTS:

Two and 5 years after a cancer diagnosis, married men experienced lower earnings than they would have absent the illness. Cancer in wives, however, did not affect men's earnings. Women's earnings were adversely influenced to the same extent by their own as by their spouses' cancer. Brain, lung, and colorectal cancer in male spouses produced the most adverse effects on women's earnings. All effects were most pronounced for women no longer married.

CONCLUSIONS:

Women's earnings are lower after both their own and their spouses' cancer illness, and divorced and widowed women experience the most pronounced reduction after spousal cancer. Men's earnings are lower only if they are diagnosed themselves. This may reflect traditional sex roles, with men as main breadwinners and women as caregivers. For family households, cancer in men may result in greater financial difficulties than cancer among women, although the effect will depend on breadwinner roles before diagnosis. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4350–61. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cancer‐Specific beliefs and survival in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Soler‐Vilá Hosanna , Dubrow Robert , Franco Vivian I. , Saathoff Andrea K. , Kasl Stanislav V. , Jones Beth A.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Associations between cancer‐specific beliefs (beliefs) and survival have been observed among other cancer populations, but similar research in CRC patients is virtually nonexistent, especially in racially diverse populations. The relationship between beliefs and survival was investigated in a cohort of African Americans and non‐Hispanic whites with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic CRC, followed for up to 15 years.

METHODS:

The authors analyzed data from a population‐based cohort of 286 individuals (115 African Americans and 171 whites, approximately 52% women) diagnosed with nonmetastatic CRC in Connecticut, 1987 to 1991. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for sociodemographic (age, sex, race, education, income, occupational status, marital status) and biomedical (stage at diagnosis, histological grade, treatment) variables.

RESULTS:

Not believing in the curability of cancer increased the risk of all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐2.39) and CRC‐specific mortality (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 0.90‐3.03; P = .10). These multivariate estimates were not altered by additional adjustment for insurance coverage, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, or comorbidity. Furthermore, the association between perceived curability and survival did not vary significantly by key sociodemographic or biomedical factors. Other beliefs were not associated with survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among a racially diverse cohort of men and women with CRC, believing in the curability of cancer was independently associated with survival over a 15‐year period. Confirmation of the role of cancer‐specific beliefs on survival and study of the potential biobehavioral mechanisms is needed. Findings may inform the design of interventions for cancer survivors. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4270–82. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Patterns of adaptation in patients living long term with advanced cancer
Authors: Rose Julia Hannum , Kypriotakis George , Bowman Karen F. , Einstadter Douglas , O'Toole Elizabeth E. , Mechekano Rhoderick , Dawson Neal V.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

With improved treatment, increasing proportions of patients with advanced cancer are surviving longer with their disease: into a second year after diagnosis and beyond. These longer term survivors face continuing challenges in selecting and shifting personal life goals and goals of care over years (rather than months) of life with incurable cancer. Studies are needed to explore adaptation over time in patients who are living longer term with late‐stage cancer, including anxiety, depression, and spiritual well being, which are conceptualized as indicators of psychospiritual well being in patients with advanced cancer.

METHODS:

Psychospiritual well being and adaptation were explored in a study of middle‐aged and older patients with advanced cancer (N = 142) who survived into a second year after diagnosis and were assessed in interviews across 4 time points. Examining patterns of adaptation over time called for in depth analytical techniques to identify variation in key outcome trajectories. General growth mixture modeling was used to explore heterogeneity in adaptation using a multivariate parallel model of anxiety, depression. and spiritual well being.

RESULTS:

Modeling revealed 3 distinct group trajectories of psychospiritual well being and adaptation (low‐worsening, moderate‐improving, and high‐stable). Age and education were correlated with group membership. Advanced cancer survivors who were older and had more years of education were more likely to be members of the high‐stable group in psychospiritual adaptation throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current findings suggested that psychospiritual adaptation, as measured in this study, is not uniform but is characterized by heterogeneous trajectories. The results contribute to the development of better hypotheses regarding the processes of adaptation in longer term survivors with advanced cancer and to the identification of potential subgroups at greatest risk for poor outcomes. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4298–310. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Design and recruitment of the Chicago Healthy Living Study
Authors: Stolley Melinda R. , Sharp Lisa K. , Arroyo Claudia , Ruffin Cherese , Restrepo Jacqueline , Campbell Richard
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

Adult childhood cancer survivors are at higher risk for developing late medical effects related to their cancer treatments. Health‐promoting behaviors may reduce the risk of some late effects and the severity of others. This article describes the design and recruitment of the Chicago Healthy Living Study (CHLS), an on‐going study designed to examine the health behaviors and body mass index of minority adult childhood cancer survivors compared with nonminority survivors and noncancer controls.

METHODS:

Survivors are identified by the hospital cancer registries at 5 treating institutions in the Chicago area; then, a multilevel recruitment plan will be implemented with the objective of enrolling 450 adult survivors of childhood cancer (150 in each racial/ethnic group). Simultaneously, 375 adult African‐American, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white noncancer controls (125 in each racial/ethnic group) living in the Chicago area will be recruited by using listed, targeted digit dialing. All participants will complete a 2‐hour interview of questionnaires related to diet, physical activity, smoking, and associated mediators. Height and weight also will be measured.

CONCLUSIONS:

The CHLS will provide important information on the health behaviors of adult minority childhood cancer survivors that can be used to inform the development of interventions to improve modifiable risks. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4385–96. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Family psychosocial risk, distress, and service utilization in pediatric cancer
Authors: Alderfer Melissa A. , Mougianis Ifigenia , Barakat Lamia P. , Beele David , DiTaranto Susan , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Reilly Anne T. , Kazak Anne E.
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

The way families negotiate diagnosis and early treatment for pediatric cancer sets the stage for their adaptation throughout treatment and survivorship. The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a brief parent‐report screener capable of systematically identifying families at risk for problems of adaptation. The current study evaluated stability and predictive validity of PAT psychosocial risk classification with regard to distress, family functioning, and the use of psychosocial services over the first 4 months of treatment.

METHODS:

Caregivers of children with cancer completed the PAT and measures of distress and family functioning at diagnosis and again 4 months into treatment. At the second time point, social workers completed checklists of services provided and rated the intensity of their work with each family. Referrals to psychologists also were tracked.

RESULTS:

Psychosocial risk classification, based on the PAT, was stable across the first 4 months of cancer treatment; 57% to 69% of families remained at the same level of risk. PAT total scores did not differ across time, but subscale scores indicated increases in family and child (patient) problems and decreases in unhelpful beliefs. Families classified at higher levels of psychosocial risk at diagnosis had more distress, more family problems, and greater psychosocial service use 4 months into treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:

Understanding and identifying risks for psychosocial adjustment difficulties within families of children with cancer, considering changes across treatment and beyond, is very complex. Despite evidence of the predictive validity of PAT, additional research is necessary to find ways to effectively use this screener in practice to guide intervention. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4339–49. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors
Authors: Yabroff K. Robin , Kim Youngmee
Published: July 2010

BACKGROUND:

To the authors' knowledge, little work has been done to estimate the time costs associated with informal caregiving for cancer survivors.

METHODS:

Data from a national survey of caregivers of cancer patients in 2003 to 2006 were used to estimate the time associated with informal caregiving in the 2 years after patient diagnosis with bladder, breast, colorectal, kidney, lung, melanoma of the skin, ovarian, prostate, or uterine cancer, or non‐Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). Caregivers reported the duration and daily intensity of caregiving as well as the types and frequency of support provided. The median wage rate in 2006 ($16.28) was used to value caregiver time, and other methods to value time were evaluated with sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS:

On average, caregivers provided care for 8.3 hours per day for 13.7 months. The number of months and daily hours spent caregiving were the highest for cancer survivors diagnosed with distant disease compared with survivors with regional or localized disease (P < .05). Approximately half of caregivers provided emotional, instrumental, tangible, or medical support, although the frequency varied dramatically. Informal caregiver time costs over the 2‐year period after diagnosis were the highest for caregivers of patients diagnosed with lung ($72,702; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $56,814‐$88,590) and ovarian ($66,210; 95% CI, $40,750‐$91,670) cancers and NHL ($59,613; 95% CI, $43,423‐$75,803) and the lowest for caregivers of patients with breast cancer ($38,334; 95% CI, $31,442‐$45,226).

CONCLUSIONS:

Time spent by informal caregivers was substantial and was an important component of the burden of cancer care. Incorporation of the value of informal caregiver time will be important when evaluating the costs and benefits of cancer control interventions. Cancer 2009;115(18 suppl):4362–73. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
1.3‐Bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea(BCNU), cyclophosphamide, vincristine‐ and prednisone‐(BCOP): A new therapeutic regimen for diffuse histiocytic lymphoma
Authors: Durant John R. , Loeb Virgil , Dorfman Ronald , Chan Yick‐Kwong
Published: July 2010

Sixty‐seven evaluable patients with mixed cellular and histiocytic lymphomas, both nodular and diffuse, were treated with a combined drug regimen of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone administered for six monthly courses. Of 28 previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, 14 (50%) achieved a complete remission, and an additional 7 (25%) had a good partial response for an overall remission rate of 75%. Complete remissions were also obtained among the small number of mixed and nodular histiocytic lymphomas which were treated. The median survival for previously untreated patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma who achieved a complete remission is nearly two years and 42% (8/19) of these patients remain in their initial unmaintained remission (range 2–119 weeks). Hematologic toxicity, although acceptable, was the limiting factor. Granulocytes were more often and more severely depressed than platelets.
67Ga accumulation in pulmonary lesions associated with bleomycin toxicity
Authors: Richman Steven D. , Levenson Stanley M. , Bunn Paul A. , Flinn George S. , Johnston Gerald S. , de Vita Vincent T.
Published: July 2010

The radionuclide, gallium‐67, accumulates in a wide variety of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Diffuse bilateral lung localization of67Ga occurred in two cases of interstitial pneumonitis associated with bleomycin therapy. Clinical symptoms and laboratory evaluation of pulmonary status correlated with scintigraphic studies in these two patients, while discrepancies between scinti‐graphic and roentgenographic findings were observed.Cancer 36:1966–1972,1975.
Complications of indwelling chemotherapy catheters
Authors: Goldman Martin L. , Bilbao Marcia K. , Rösch Josef , Dotter Charles T.
Published: July 2010

Fifty consecutive chemotherapeutic infusions for cancer via percutaneously introduced arterial catheters were reviewed to determine the frequency of angiographic and clinical complications related to the indwelling catheter. Fibrin cloaking along the catheter was found in 20 patients studied by pull‐out arteriography and was unassociated with clinical symptoms. Major thrombus formation occurred around the catheter tip in 28% of the infused vessels, all within the hepatic artery. Clinical symptoms developed in only three patients where thrombosis of the hepatic artery had propagated into the celiac axis. Systemic heparinization did not reduce the incidence of thrombus formation but did increase the incidence of mild gastrointestinal bleeding. Several factors may reduce the incidence of complications, such as puncture of a large artery, use of soft, pliable, and small diameter catheters, proper free position of the catheter in the infused vessel, regular angiographic checkups for catheters position, and early evidence of thrombus formation.
The response of the local immunoglobulin system to malignant lesions of the stomach: A new diagnostic test
Authors: Levy Mitchell , Petreshock Edward P. , Mandell Charlotte , Deysine Maximo , Katzka Irwin , Aufses Arthur H.
Published: July 2010

The response of the local secretory immunoglobulin system to tumor antigens was studied in 71 patients suspected of harboring a gastric malignancy. Gastric aspirates were obtained by fiberoptic endoscopy and measured on single radial immunodiffusion plates (Behring Diagnostics). Patients with malignant neoplasms of the stomach were divided into Type I and Type II lesions, based on the extent and stage of the disease. Secretory IgA titers were elevated in all patients with a Type I malignant tumor confirmed by histologic examination; mean 43.8 mg/100 (SD ± 40.6 mg/100). Patients with Type II malignant tumors, benign lesions or normal controls had significantly lower IgA titers; mean 6.1 mg/100 (SD ± 3.7 mg/100). This leads us to believe that the host's response to malignant cells of the gastrointestinal system is an altered and elevated secretion of IgA. Evaluation of local immunoglobulin titers may be of value when used in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities in determining the nature of gastrointestinal lesions, particularly when the lesion is not metastatic or massively involving the gastric wall.
End results of radiation therapy, alone and combination with 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancers
Authors: Vongtama Vitune , Douglass Harold O. , Moore Robert H. , Holyoke E. Douglas , Webster John H.
Published: July 2010

The authors retrospectively analyzed the results of irradiation in 148 cases of primary inoperable and recurrent adenoearcinoma of the colon and rectum treated at the Department of Radiation Therapy, Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1962 and 1970. This group includes 95 recurrences and 53 inoperable primaries. Uninterrupted radiotherapy was used in 118 cases and split‐course technique in 30 cases. Eleven patients received combined radiotherapy and surgery. Seventy‐eight patients received a combination of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and irradiation. The response rate and survival of individual groups is discussed in detail. This study indicated that perineal recurrences should receive whole pelvic irradiation in addition to perineum field. Split‐course technique appeared to yield a better survival than the uninterrupted course. The best 5‐year survival rate (64%) is found in the group treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. For locally advanced, inoperable cancers, split‐course technique, combined 5‐FU and irradiation gave the best results, achieving longer palliation with improved quality of life and sometimes yielding cure (5‐year survival).
Induction of pulmonary metastases in both immune and nonimmune mice: Effect of the removal of a transplanted primary tumor
Authors: Wexler Hilda , Chretien Paul B. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Sindelar William F.
Published: July 2010

In mice bearing a benzypyrene‐induced fibrosarcoma tumor, the survival was determined of intravenously injected tumor cells at various intervals after previous immunization of experimental animals by induction and subsequent excision of a transplanted primary tumor in the soft tissues of the leg. Seven days after induction of a transplanted primary tumor, I.V. tumor cells produced fewer pulmonary metastases in immunized mice than in nonimmunized mice. When tumor cells were incoulated I.V. immediately following amputation of the transplanted primary tumor, the number of pulmonary metastases in the immunized and nonimmunized animals were similar; however, 6 hours, 7 days and 14 days after primary tumor excision, I.V. inoculated tumor cells produced a higher incidence of lung metastases in the immunized than in the nonimmunized mice. This increased survival of I.V. tumor cells following excision of the transplanted primary tumor may have relevance to the development of metastases after eradication of certain primary tumors in humans.
Prognosis in breast cancer utilizing histologic characteristics of the primary tumor
Authors: Black Maurice M. , Barclay Thomas H. C. , Hankey Benjamin F.
Published: July 2010

A study was made of the inter‐relationships and prognostic significance of structural characteristics found in primary breast cancers and their associated axillary lymph nodes. The prognostically favorable characteristics included the following. For the primary tumor: nuclear differentiation of the cancer cells, diffuse lymphoid cell infiltrations (LI), and perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI). For the axillary lymph nodes: sinus histiocytosis (SH). Perivenous lymphoid cell infiltrations (PVI) in the primary tumor are found to be as important a prognostic factor as SH in the axillary lymph nodes; these two characteristics are found to be positively associated. Evaluation of the nuclear grade (NG), LI, and PVI in the primary tumor allows for the definition of prognostically significant patient groupings. LI is found to occur primarily in assoication with cancer cells having a low (anaplastic) nuclear grade, and to be positively associated with follicular hyperplasia (FH) in the lymph nodes. We also found a positive association between the cellular responses to areas of in situ carcinoma and the cellular responses to accompanying invasive breast cancer. These findings add to our general understanding of immunogenicity of breast cancer tissue. They also provide a progonstic system for classifying breast cancer patients on the basis of the microscopic characteristics of the primary tumor and surrounding breast tissue. The latter system should be of value in comparing the therapeutic benefits of various treatments.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in 228 patients with carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Vincent R. G. , Chu T. M. , Fergen T. B. , Ostrander M.
Published: July 2010

Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients who were treated for carcinoma of the lung were followed and their plasma CEA levels assessed at intervals during the course of the disease. In addition, plasma samples were taken from 487 healthy blood donors for comparison as a control. CEA assay is not selective or specific enough, at this time, to be used for screening purposes even though 68% of the patients who have lung cancer will have an elevated concentration of CEA regardless of the histological cell type. In patients with plasma levels of CEA above 15 ng/ml the prognosis is uniformly poor. CEA in the authors' view does have value as a prognostic marker capable of suggesting the successful resection of a tumor and to a lesser degree confirming the clinical objective response to the radiotherapy or chemotherapy. It was found that the presence of CEA was not necessarily related to the volume of the tumor or the site of organ metastasis, but reflects the metabolic properties and characteristics of the individual tumor as it occurs in the patient.
Initial features and prognosis in 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Simone Joseph V. , Verzosa Manuel S. , Rudy Judith A.
Published: July 2010

The relationship of a variety of initial features and the outcome of therapy was analyzed for 363 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). All had entered “total therapy” studies between 1962 and 1971. The standard for comparing outcome of therapy was whether patients with a given feature attained or exceeded the median duration of complete remission, hematologic remission or survival for the group. The results showed that, in general, the more massive or extensive the disease at diagnosis, the poorer the outcome. Factors associated with a significantly poorer prognosis included: initial leukocyte count above 100,000/mm3; spleen enlargement greater than 5 cm; me–diastinal involvement and early CNS involvement. Children over 10 years old at diagnosis and Negro children also had a poor prognosis. From another viewpoint features were examined for patients who attained at least 3 years of continuous complete remission. This confirmed some earlier findings and, in addition, showed that children under 2 years of age at diagnosis or with hepatomegaly over 5 cm were less likely to attain this goal. With the exception of early CNS involvement, however, patients with excellent responses to therapy were found with each factor of poor prognosis. Two major factors were not analyzed because their relationship to prognosis is generally accepted: therapeutic differences and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
Non‐hodgkin's lymphoma in children: Correlation of CNS disease with initial presentation
Authors: Hutter John J. , Favara Blaise E. , Nelson Michael , Holton Charlene P.
Published: July 2010

The clinical and histopathological findings in 26 children with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma without initial marrow involvement are reviewed. A marked male predominance similar to that observed in previous series was noted. Biopsy material was classified according to the recommendations of Rappaport in 22 cases. All have diffuse lymphomas, and 16 of 22 patients had diffuse, poorly‐differentiated, lymphocytic lymphoma. Twelve of 26 patients had involvement of the mediastinum as part of their initial presentation. Of these 12, 5 developed lymphomatous involvement of the central nervous system prior to the development of leukemic transformation of the bone marrow. This observation suggests that prophylactic therapy against CNS relapse be considered for children with mediastinal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, even in the absence of initial marrow involvement.