bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ENDEKSİNDE İŞLEM GÖREN FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANSI: OLAY ÇALIŞMASI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Acar Merve , Temiz Hüseyin
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı BIST Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde
işlem gören şirketlerin söz konusu endekse giriş bilgisine piyasada verilen
tepkinin ölçülmesidir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın örneklemini endekste işlem
gören 44 şirket oluşturmaktadır. Endekste işlem görme haberinin hisse senedi
getirisi üzerinde aşırı bir etkiye neden olup olmadığını belirlemek için olay
çalışması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda şirketlerin BIST
Sürdürülebilirlik Endeksinde işlem görmeye başlama duyurusunun hisse senedi getirileri
üzerinde aşırı tepkiye neden olduğuna dair sınırlı kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır. Söz
konusu sınırlı kanıtlar ortalama toplam aşırı getirilerde de gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer
taraftan toplam varlık, hisse baş kâr, borçluluk ve Tobin Q değerlerine göre
gruplandırılan şirketlerin aşırı getirileri arasında da anlamlı bir farklılık
tespit edilmemiştir.
EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ACCORDING TO FIRM SCALE: CASE OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: EYÜBOĞLU Kemal , BAYRAKTAR Yaşar
Published: December 2018

Companies are classified
as large, medium and small enterprises according to their scale. Today,
increasing competition conditions make the sustainability of companies
difficult. For this reason, businesses should pay attention to their financial
structures and use their resources effectively while continuing their
activities. The purpose of the study is to compare the financial performance of
the small, medium and large-scale companies in the manufacturing sector which
has an important place in Turkey's economy, during the period 2014-2016. In the
study, 19 financial ratios related to liquidity, financial structure, activity,
and profitability were used. Firstly weights of criteria were determined by
using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and then companies were
ranked according to scale by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal
Solution (TOPSIS) method. As a result of the analyzes, it was determined that
small and medium scaled firms, although they have a significant volume in
numerical terms, perform relatively weak in terms of financial performance
compared to large-scale firms.
CEBİRE YÖNELİK TUTUM ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: OFLAZ Gülçin
Published: December 2018

Öğrencilerin matematiği öğrenmelerinde ve matematiğe karşı
olumlu tutum geliştirmelerinde, öğretmenlerinin matematiğe yönelik tutumları ve
davranışlarının etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Ancak olumlu matematik tutumuna
sahip olan bir öğretmen, öğrencisinin de matematiğe karşı olumlu tutum
geliştirmesine yardımcı olabilir. Matematik öğretmeni adaylarının tutumları ise
öğrencilere olan potansiyel etkileri nedeniyle özellikle önemlidir. Gelecekte
yapacakları öğretimi ve derse karşı öğrencilerinin geliştirecekleri tutumu
etkileyeceği için öğretmen adaylarının tutumlarını belirleyerek olası
olumsuzluklara karşı önlem almak da önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada
ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni adaylarının cebire yönelik tutumlarını
belirleyebilecek bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan taslak
ölçek, iki devlet üniversitesinin ilköğretim matematik öğretmenliğinde öğrenim
gören 362 öğretmen adayına uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği, açımlayıcı ve
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda
ölçeğin iki faktörden oluştuğu görülmektedir. İlk faktör öğretmen adaylarının
cebir dersine yönelik korkuları, hoşlanmamaları, günlük hayatla
ilişkilendirememelerini içeren ifadelerden oluştuğu için “cebirden hoşlanmama”
olarak adlandırılmıştır. Diğer faktör ise öğretmen adaylarının cebir dersine
çalışmaktan keyif almaları, bu dersi ihtiyaç olarak görmeleri ve günlük hayatla
ilişkilendirilmesi ile ilgili ifadelerden oluştuğu için “cebirden hoşlanma”
olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ölçeğe ilişkin Cronbach Alpha değeri ise .93 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen bilgilere göre geliştirilen
ölçeğin ilköğretim matematik öğretmen adaylarının cebire yönelik tutumlarını
belirlemede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu söylenebilir.
The Reaction of Russian Public Companies’ Stock Prices to Sanctions Against Russia
Authors: Naidenova Iuliia , Novikova Anastasia
Published: December 2018

The imposition of sanctions by foreign countries against Russia since 2014 and their prolongation for the following several years resulted in significant changes in Russian economics. In the first instance, economic sanctions were aimed towards the weakening of companies by banning exports and imports of certain goods, closeout or suspension of joint venture projects, as well as limiting the provision of financing. However, one can postulate that these sanctions influenced the companies to different extents. This research offers an analysis of the changes in share prices of Russian public companies of the MICEX index in response to sanctions against Russia in 2014–2016. The research methodology is based on the event study approach, which allows estimation of a short-term response of the shares’ prices to information release. The results of this paper confirm that imposition and prolongation of sanctions resulted in a significant fall in share prices. With an average daily return on shares of the Russian stock market companies of 0.1%, a fall in return of 0.17% points per day as a result of the imposition of sanctions by the USA is economically significant. Apart from that, the sanctions influenced financially dependent companies to a greater extent. Contrary to theoretical assumptions of a greater influence of sanctions imposed by the countries with which a more close economic cooperation had been established, it transpired that the imposition of sanctions by the USA resulted in the greatest fall in prices for shares. Also, an important result indicated in this paper is the fact that imposition of targeted sanctions against certain companies has not entailed a greater impact of the sanctions on such companies. This is indicative of the ineffectiveness of targeted sanctions imposed on Russia. The influence of the government share in ownership of companies and the differences of response of the shares’ prices depending on the company industry sector have not been confirmed.
Capital Structure Management by Share Repurchase for Companies in Emerging Markets
Authors: Kulik Yulia , Makarova Svetlana
Published: December 2018

According to foreign research into developed markets, share repurchasing influences the speed of adjustment of companies’ capital structure to the target level. It is worth noting that the number of such research studies for emerging markets is rather small.
On the basis of an empirical study of a selection of 275 companies from BRICS countries involved in share repurchase for the period of 2005 to 2015 we prove here that share repurchase is an efficient method of correcting an existing capital structure, aligning it to approximate a target level in all BRICS countries. It should be noted that in accordance with our results, companies from Brazil and Russia show the highest speed of adjustment (within 63–80%). This indicates that these companies are able to achieve the target structure within a very short period. Companies from the other countries (India, China, and South Africa) also show a rather high rate of the speed of adjustment (in the range of 44 to 49%).
It is worth noting that apart from the share repurchase itself, characteristic features of the companies (as well as special characteristics of local economic factors where they are relevant) influence the speed of adjustment to the target capital structure. We also found out that the most significant factors which have positive effects on the speed of adjustment are the company size, its growth prospects, share of repurchased shares, economic growth rate, inflation rate in the country which adversely affect to a great extent the speed of adjustment to the target capital structure. For Russian companies the most significant determinants are the company size, share of repurchased shares and inflation rate.
An assessment of the speed of adjustment to the target capital structure of companies repurchasing shares showed that for Russian companies (for a balance sheet leverage) and for South African companies (for a market financial leverage) the speed of adjustment is not significant, however in general the countries selection and each sub-selection shows that BRICS countries’ companies are prone to adjust to the target capital structure quicker when the financial leverage is lower than the target value, while companies with an excess debt load optimize much slower.
On the basis of the research results we offer an algorithm pertaining to capital structure management for the companies acting in emerging markets using share repurchase in an open market.
Financial and Institutional Determinants of Cash Holdings in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Gancherka Sergei , Westerman Wim
Published: December 2018

At the same time that a dramatic plunge in energy commodities pressured companies in the energy sector to initiate a down-cycle drill by cutting capital expenditures, selling non-core assets, and laying off personnel, the world’s top producers still maintained over half a trillion dollars in liquid assets. The reasons for phenomena such as this in the global oil and gas sector are manifold. The research question for this composition is: What are the determinants, both financial and institutional, which drive oil and gas companies to hold a certain amount of cash on their balances? This paper aims to analyse these determinants in various geographical markets of the European continent over the period of 2010-2014, using models derived from both the ‘tradeoff’ theory and the ‘pecking order’ theory. The empirical results from 800 firms were acquired with panel data regression analyses. They suggest that cash holdings in the sector are negatively affected by the net working capital, leverage, collateral, and firm size, while cash flows and capital expenditures have a positive influence on cash reserves. Besides the financial determinants, we also studied the institutional determinants for the cash levels. Our findings offer evidence that firms in countries with strong governance (as measured by the World Governance Index) hold more liquidity. Furthermore, the state of financial market development (as measured by the Global Financial Centers Index) is also positively related to cash holdings with the consequence that the financial market effect dominates the influence of governance. Our empirical evaluation will be of concern to managers in the oil and gas sector, who should take into consideration the settings of their companies when making corporate cash policy choices.
Влияние применения внутренних механизмов корпоративного управления на стоимость компаний со стратегиями диверсификации и фокусирования
Authors: Назарова Варвара Вадимовна , Колыхалина Анжелика Владиславовна
Published: December 2018

Проблематика корпоративного управления в России представляется актуальной на сегодня. Это обусловлено тем, что российские условия ведения бизнеса требуют особого подхода к формированию оптимальной системы корпоративного управления.
Цель исследования заключается в оценке влияния отдельных компонентов корпоративного управления на стоимость компаний с двумя стратегиями развития: диверсификации и фокусирования. Основная гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что в зависимости от выбранной стратегии развития (диверсификации или фокусирования) разные механизмы корпоративного управления оказывают различное влияние на стоимость данных компаний. Для обоснования выдвинутой гипотезы в работе построена регрессионная модель влияния основных факторов корпоративного управления на показатель экономической добавленной стоимости (EVA).
В результате проведенного исследования для компаний, использующих стратегии диверсификации и фокусирования, было выявлено влияние таких факторов корпоративного управления, как доля независимых директоров в составе совета, доля акций, принадлежащих менеджменту компании, и участие государства в акционерном капитале компании. По результатам построенной регрессионной модели для представленной выборки можно сделать следующие выводы: в зависимости от выбранной стратегии развития  прослеживается различная структура корпоративного управления, в частности, для диверсифицированных компаний характерны более независимый совет директоров, а также большее участие государства в акционерном капитале компании. В условиях многообразия стратегий диверсификации в работе акцент сделан только на две стратегии. В перспективных исследованиях предполагается рассмотрения влияния прочих факторов корпоративного управления (например, корпоративного долга, формы выплаты дивидендов) на компании со стратегиями связанной и несвязанной диверсификации.
По сравнению с существующими исследованиями в представленной работе проведено комплексное исследование влияния таких факторов корпоративного управления, как доля независимых директоров в составе совета, доля акций, принадлежащих менеджменту компании, и участие государства в акционерном капитале компании на результаты российских компаний, реализующих стратегии диверсификации и фокусирования, сделаны практикоориентированные выводы.
Результаты исследования могут быть полезны менеджерам и руководителям корпоративных структур с целью оценки эффективности и результативности существующей в компании системы управления.
Public-Private Partnership as a Challenge for EAEU Cooperation
Authors: Safarov Shukhrat
Published: December 2018

In this article the author analyzes perspectives on the Eurasian Single Economic Space’ concerning infrastructural investment projects. These perspectives are considered with a consideration of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) principles and the traditional framework of EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) integration. The article examines national legal differences, such as the existence of regulations for PPPs, possible models for project realization and spheres where PPP could be used.  The author also analyzes the characteristics of the most famous PPP projects in the EAEU.
The purpose of the article is to identify practical recommendations for the development of public-private partnerships to further cooperation between the EAEU countries.
This research stems from the study of international experiences of public-private partnerships, the adaptation thereof, and clarification of the necessary steps for the most efficient development of PPP in EAEU countries. As such, the following priority steps for EAEU countries are suggested:
1) EAEU countries should take steps to unite their respective legislative bases in terms of mutual compatibility so that public and private partners could act as inhabitants of the Union everywhere, removing not only customs barrier obstacles for them, but also additional tax restrictions;
2) EAEU countries should create an international council for problems and disputes pertaining to PPP which will include representatives of the countries of EAEU, representatives of the business and scientific communities and non-profit associations. Such a council was recommended to be set up at the United Nations during the third session of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe on the problems of international public-private partnership, held in Geneva (Switzerland) on 18-19 April 2011;
3) EAEU countries should make use of practical experience in the implementation of interstate PPP projects. An example of a successful interstate PPP - the project for expansion and modernization of the international airport in Warsaw, through which more than 85% of all passengers of international flights have passed.
Нефинансовая отчетность: международный контекст, российская практика
Authors: Сенаторова Елена Александровна
Published: December 2018

Целью исследования является оценка существующей практики реализации системы учета и отчетности в области устойчивого развития компаний, разработка предложений по совершенствованию нормативной базы в сфере нефинансовой отчетности (в рамках работы автора над международным научно-исследовательским проектом, University of Western Ontario, Canada). Неотъемлемой частью современного российского и международного бизнеса становится корпоративная социальная ответственность. Соответственно возрастают требования к качеству нефинансовой отчетности и учету. Детальный анализ российского и международного опыта, оценка актуальных трендов, на наш взгляд, будет способствовать повышению эффективности системы нефинансового учета и отчетности.
В статье представлен обзор последних тенденций в исследованиях, посвященных проблематике нефинансового учета и отчетности. Новизна статьи заключается в оценке и систематизации современных подходов к изучению проблем развития системы учета и отчетности в сфере устойчивого развития, предложены рекомендации по формированию нормативной базы в сфере нефинансовой отчетности.
Анализ показал, что для России наибольшее внимание следует уделять совершенствованию законодательной базы об индикаторах, предоставляемых в публичной нефинансовой отчетности, проблеме измерений разных форм капиталов, в том числе интеллектуального капитала, внесению таких индикаторов в регулирующие документы для реализации соответствующего федерального закона. Данный федеральный закон должен обеспечить предоставление публичной нефинансовой отчетности государственными корпорациями, публичными акционерными обществами, а также компаниями с существенным годовым объемом выручки и величиной активов.
Согласно результатам исследования наиболее прогрессивной формой публичной нефинансовой отчетности является интегрированная отчетность, концептуальный подход которой основан на интегрированном, системном мышлении. Системный подход к раскрытию нефинансовой информации создаст дополнительные возможности для анализа и совершенствования различных экономических, социальных и экологических аспектов развития российских и международных компаний. Соответственно, перспективным является формирование детализированного отечественного законодательства в сфере интегрированной отчетности в контексте реализации концепции устойчивого развития.
Nonlinear Control Systems Design by Transformation Method
Authors: Gaiduk A. R.
Published: December 2018

The analytical approaches to design of nonlinear control systems by the transformation of the nonlinear plant equations into quasilinear forms or into Jordan controlled form are considered. Shortly definitions of these forms and the mathematical expressions necessary for design of the control systems by these methods are submitted. These approaches can be applied if the plant’s nonlinearities are differentiable, the plant is controllable and the additional conditions are satisfied. Procedure of a control system design, i.e. definition of the equations of the control device, in both cases is completely analytical. Desirable quality of transients is provided with that, that corresponding values are given to roots of the characteristic equations of some matrixes by calculation of the nonlinear control. The proposed methods provide asymptotical stability of the equilibrium in a bounded domain of the state space or its global stability and also desirable performance of transients. Performance of the nonlinear plants equations in the quasilinear form has no any complexities, if the mentioned above conditions are satisfied. The transformation of these equations to the Jordan controlled form very much often is reduced to change of the state variables designations of the plants. The suggested methods can be applied to design of control systems by various nonlinear technical plants ship-building, machine-building, aviation, agricultural and many other manufactures. Examples of the control systems design by the proposed analytical methods are given.
Control Digital System Function Set Deﬁning While Debugging Tests Development
Authors: Ivannikov A. D.
Published: December 2018

Digital control systems are considered, the functioning of which can be represented as a sequence of functions from a finite alphabet. For such systems projects debugging by simulation it is necessary to generate some set of tests for the applying on the simulated system to verify that it is functioning correctly. This paper is devoted to the development of test sets for function successions correctness. It is shown that on admissible function successions partly defined semigroup exists. There exists also word set on limited alphabet of functions, and they could be defined by some right liner grammar. Admissible successions are formally described by the graph of functions. Such a graph defines admissible functions for all digital system states. Digital system function set development is proposed in a way that admissible function successions could be defined as a graph. If the admissibility of two functions fulfillment one after another depends on previously fulfilled functions and the digital system internal state, then some functions should be divided into several subfunctions. The method of such a process is described. Developed graph of functions together with input interaction set for each digital system function define specification for digital system behavior. Proposed method is illustrated on the drawing machine control digital system functions development. The method of test set development on graph function is proposed.
Competitive Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscope with a Metal Resonator
Authors: Raspopov V. Ya. , Ladonkin A. V. , Likhosherst V. V.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the design and features of manufacturing a Coriolis vibrating gyroscope (CVG, angular rate sensor) with a metal resonator. Piezoelectric elements are used to excite and detect oscillations of the resonator.

The design of the resonator is very important, because the technical characteristics of the CVG mainly depend on the resonator. For the production of a high-quality metal resonator with predetermined properties, a good choice is the precision alloy of 21NKMT-VI. Elimination of defects in the manufacture of the resonator, which lead to a variety of frequencies and variability, is achieved by balancing. The basic method is balancing in the 4th form of the distribution of mass defects. Calibration of the CVG with the electronics unit is the final stage of the CVG manufacturing, which results in: providing a resonance tuning condition for the sensing element, determining the feedback coefficients of the oscillation retention loop, determining the metrological characteristics of the CVG, and obtaining the correction function of the output signal from various parameters after the test complex.

When determining the correction function, the fact was taken into account that the signals for suppressing the quadrature and coriolis components are not absolutely independent. When the node signal is demodulated to quadrature and coriolis components, it is necessary to analyze the signal passed through piezoelectric elements, amplifiers and ADC. Each of these elements adds a temperature-dependent phase shift to the node signal. This phase shift can be taken into account, but not with absolute accuracy. Therefore, the output signal of the CVG should be considered as a linear combination of signals of the quadrature and coriolis components of the compensation signal. To reduce the noise of the output signal, it is possible to use various types of noise suppressing filters

The results of tests of the CVG confirming its competitiveness in comparison with the commercial analogue. The electronic control module can be designed using the Russian element base.
Algorithm of the Time-Optimal Reorientation of an Axially Symmetric Spacecraft in the Class of Conical Motions
Authors: Sapunkov Ya. G. , Molodenkov A. V. , Molodenkova T. V.
Published: December 2018

The problem of the time-optimal turn of a spacecraft as a rigid body with one axis of symmetry and bounded control function in absolute value is considered in the quaternion statement. For simplifying problem (concerning dynamic Euler equations), we change the variables reducing the original optimal turn problem of axially symmetric spacecraft to the problem of optimal turn of the rigid body with spherical mass distribution including one new scalar equation. Using the Pontryagin maximum principle, a new analytical solution of this problem in the class of conical motions is obtained. Algorithm of the optimal turn of a spacecraft is given. An explicit expression for the constant in magnitude optimal angular velocity vector of a spacecraft is found. The motion trajectory of a spacecraft is a regular precession. The conditions for the initial and terminal values of a spacecraft angular velocity vector are formulated. These conditions make it possible to solve the problem analytically in the class of conical motions. The initial and the terminal vectors of spacecraft angular velocity must be on the conical surface generated by arbitrary given constant conditions of the problem. The numerical example is presented. The example contain optimal reorientation of the Space Shuttle in the class of conical motions.
The Human Factor in the Aircraft of the 6th Generation: Problems Technosymbiosis
Authors: Sergeev S. F.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of technosymbiosis in the aircraft of the 6th generation. We discussed the actual engineering and psychological problems arising in the process of thematic development of aviation equipment of high degree of automation. We explain and criticize the basic concepts of thematic and engineering-psychological design that implement the principle of human inclusion to artificial interfaces and environments. The concept of "multiplication of possibilities" and a symbiotic approach to the integration of the pilot and the aircraft, according to which the integration of the pilot (crew) with the aircraft is of a symbiotic nature, which results in a new techno-biotic self-organizing unity, behaving as a combat unit, focused on achieving decisive superiority over the enemy. We have shown that the problem of technosymbiosis closely connected with the solution of the problem of design of interfaces. Further increase in the degree of integration of the pilot with the interface environment involves going beyond the classical physical and physical-algorithmic interactions. We discuss the problems of trainings system used for pilots training and increasing integration with the control systems of the aircraft. The directions and technologies of technological integration associated with the possibility of implementing the methodology of "multiplication of opportunities" in the design of aviation systems of high degree of automation.
Sertain Problematic Aspects of Fuzzy PID Regulation
Authors: Filimonov A. B. , Filimonov N. B.
Published: December 2018

In recent years in view of the fact that the interest in the technologies of artificial intelligence in control systems by technical objects and technological processes are aroused, that fuzzy controllers find use more often. The given regulators carry out the process of the development of controlling actions on the basis of fuzzy logic, the application of which provides the design of control systems capable of functioning in conditions of incompleteness and fuzziness of knowledge about the dynamics of the control object. Fuzzy regulators have opened a new direction in the area of automatic control and according to many experts have a promising future. The given paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics and algorithmic singularities of fuzzy PID-regulation systems, compares the quality of clear and fuzzy regulation. The conducted analysis allows to state the absence of any real advantages of fuzzy regulators in comparison with classic clear regulators. Moreover, it is possible to distinguish a number of problematic aspects of fuzzy regulation methodology, important for practical automation:

fuzzy control algorithms are much more complex than traditional clear regulation algorithms;

the thesis about the advantages of fuzzy regulators seems to be reasonable, since each such regulator can be replaced by a more efficient and structurally less complex clear regulator;

the thesis that on the basis of fuzzy approach it is possible to synthesize working systems of regulation without a priori knowledge and pre-project inspection of dynamic properties of objects of regulation is disputable.

fuzzy approach is purely empirical and does not allow to solve the problems of stability, dynamic quality and robustness of the synthesized regulation systems at the theoretical level;

fuzzy control algorithms are not applicable to complex dynamic objects. In particular, it concerns multi-connected objects of regulation and objects with delay;

the methodology of fuzzy regulation does not allow to solve the important issues of optimization of regulation processes for engineering practice.
Feasibility and objectives in the Russian criminal law
Authors: Kruglikov Lev Leonidovich
Published: December 2018

Criminal law regulation presupposes the achievement of certain socially useful results. These results in the criminal law are differentiated into two groups: the tasks of criminal law and the objectives of criminal punishment. At the same time, the basis for building the system of these results lies in a category that undoubtedly claims to be an independent legal principle - expediency in lawmaking and law enforcement activities. The presented work is devoted to the analysis of the content of the categories of «tasks», «goals» and «expediency» in criminal law and the specifics of their use as grounds for modern criminal policy.
CRIMINAL POLICY OF RUSSIA IN THE SPHERE OF COMBATING ILLEGAL DRUG TRAFFICKING (from the 70's to the present day)
Authors: Sumachev Alexey Vitalievich
Published: December 2018

The article describes the formation and development of the institution of criminal liability for crimes related to drug trafficking in the domestic criminal legislation. Based on the analysis of changes in the criminal law in the regulation of social relations in the field of drug trafficking, an attempt is made to trace the process of formation of a modern criminal law concept of combating their illegal trafficking
RESISTANCE CORRUPTION IN KENYA
Authors: Truntsevsky Yuri Vladimirovich
Published: December 2018

To consolidate the efforts of society and the state, to implement the National anti - corruption plan for 2018-2020 in our country, the experience of foreign countries in the field of anti-corruption is of interest. The Republic of Kenya has legislative and institutional examples. The results of the study showed that this African country has a stable anti-corruption regulatory framework, the presence of a successfully functioning anti-corruption body, the desire of the country's leadership to improve all institutions of state power in order to continue to reduce corruption in the country. However, a survey of the population of Kenya showed a number of unresolved problems in the area under consideration. This requires further reflection and development of measures to improve the effectiveness of the state anti-corruption policy. This is especially required in education and public administration. In Kenya, it is planned to strengthen interagency cooperation on exchange of information; to revise anti-corruption legislation to strengthen the penalties; to create a special anti-corruption courts, which will accelerate the decision of questions of fight against corruption and unethical behavior.
Some trends in the decriminalization of acts in the sphere of economic activity
Authors: Kuleshov Yuriy Ivanovich , Bykov Anton Vitalevich
Published: December 2018

The authors critically assess the emerging legislative practice of novelization of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The paper establishes an avalanche-like process of introducing new crimes into the criminal law, often duplicating existing ones. Considering this phenomenon using the example of acts committed in the sphere of economic activity, a number of conclusions are formulated in the article on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of draft laws and adopted laws. The author argues about the tendency to introduce administrative prejudice into the criminal law, criticizes the criminalization of acts that clearly do not differ from the increased public danger from administrative and other offenses, formulates a conclusion about the advisability of decriminalizing certain types of crimes. In particular, according to the authors, it is necessary to change the design of Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, excluding the formal composition of the crime.
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE AGE OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE CONTEXT OF NOVELLING CRIMINAL LEGISLATION
Authors: Kim Yevgeny Petrovich
Published: December 2018

The subject of the study is the criminal responsibility of minors as an independent institution of criminal law. The purpose of the analysis is to reveal the peculiarities of bringing a person to criminal liability. The methodology of the study is based on a combination of formal legal and comparative legal analysis, which made it possible to establish criteria for assessing the age of criminal responsibility. The main results of the study contain conclusions on the achievement of a certain age by a person as one of the necessary conditions for recognizing a crime as a subject. The specifics of the criminal liability of minors are due to the age and socio-psychological characteristics of this group of persons, the incompleteness of the formation of their personality, the best receptivity to punitive and educational measures. Taking into account the characteristics of a minor acquires special significance when choosing the necessary measure of a criminally-legal, educational nature. The chosen measure of impact with minimal costs of criminal repression should give a warning effect.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE CRIME OF MINORS IN RUSSIA AND MONGOLIA
Authors: Kharmaev Yury Vladimirovich , Batchuluun Ider
Published: December 2018

In the present article, the authors of the research determine the current trends of juvenile delinquency in Mongolia. This problem is relevant due to the fact that, since the entry into force of the new Criminal Code of Mongolia, a year has passed with little and it is always interesting to observe how the situation with juvenile delinquency changed objectively after legal changes in the national legislation. In order to identify certain changes in the state of crime in Mongolia, the authors used both general scientific and special methods, including comparative legal, systemic, documentary, etc. In the course of studying and analyzing statistical data, materials of the criminal cases of the National Police Agency of Mongolia, as well as legal literature of recent years, a number of positive as well as a number of negative trends in the juvenile delinquency in Mongolia have been identified. In general, it can be stated that the strategic directions defined by Mongolia's national criminal policy related to the humanistic approach to the younger generation of the country are fully justified, as shown by the statistical data and the operational situation in recent years in the country.
CRIMINAL-LEGAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE SPHERE OF counteraction to crime IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Avdeev Vadim Avdeevich , Avdeeva Olga Anatolyevna
Published: December 2018

The subject of the study is the mechanism for counteracting crime in the Russian Federation, taking into account the criminal legal policy implemented in the context of the globalization of international life. The purpose of the study is to study the effectiveness of modern criminal law policy, the methodological basis of which is to analyze the ongoing novelization of the criminal law and its effectiveness based on the state of crime at the federal and regional levels. The main results of the research reflect the problems of implementing criminal and legal policies in the sphere of combating crime at the federal and regional levels. Conclusions are drawn regarding the priority areas of the criminal legal policy related to the balance of criminalization (decriminalization) and penalization (depenalization). The scientific and practical validity of law-making processes was noted as an urgent problem. The problems of the implementation of the criminal law in the context of the accelerating rates of recidivism are discussed. They actualize the practical-orientational re-socialization and social adaptation of persons who have served a criminal sentence, improve the quality of the activities of institutions executing criminal punishment, and strengthen control by state authorities, self-governing bodies and civil society institutions.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE PROBLEMS OF LEAVING PENALTIES IN THE COLONIES OF THE THRESHOLD REGIME
Authors: Suliev Vasily Fedoseevich , Dashinimayev Alexey Batodorzievich
Published: December 2018

The authors of the article in the course of the research, as their subject, determine contemporary problems existing in the penitentiary policy of the Russian state, in particular in the course of execution of criminal penalties in correctional facilities of strict regime. The relevance of the topic chosen by the authors is due to increased attention on the part of not only human rights defenders, but also representatives of the public, especially in connection with the latest violations of the rule of law in the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation. In order to achieve the objectives, the authors use statistical, comparative and documentary research methods. In connection with the fact that one of the authors is an active employee of the FSIN, the subject of the study is studied directly in the course of exercising official powers. In the course of the study, the authors pay attention to the changed penitentiary legislation, which does not always keep pace with the ongoing changes in society. In conclusion, the authors come to the conclusion that along with the existing positive trends in the activities of the institutions of the penal enforcement system, there is a great potential for increasing effectiveness in protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of convicts.
Comparison of methods for assessing the inflammatory response of the lower parts of the female reproductive tract
Authors: Budilovskaya Olga V. , Shipitsyna Elena V. , Pereverzeva Nadezhda A. , Vorobyova Nadezda E. , Spasibova Elena V. , Grigoryev Aleksey N. , Savicheva Alevtina M.
Published: December 2018

Hypothesis/aims of study. A lack of timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the lower genital tract in a woman can lead to serious reproductive disorders. The detection of inflammation is an important component of the diagnosis of these diseases. This study was undertaken to compare methods for detection of local inflammation in women with complaints of vaginal discharge.

Study design, materials, and methods. A total of 87 women having vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For the detection of inflammation, vaginal discharge was examined using microscopy and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (the ImmunoQuantex® test, DNA-Technology Ltd., Moscow, Russia).

Results. Vaginal infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms were detected in 27 women (31%), as follows: candidal vulvovaginitis (CVV) in 10 patients (11.5%), aerobic vaginitis (AV) in 14 patients (16.1%), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) in 14 patients (16.1%), with 8 (9.2%) of them having BV combined with CVV, AV or both infections. The results of the two methods fully agreed in the analysis of samples from women with CVV and AV as vaginal infections characterized by local inflammation. Testing samples from women with BV, which is a non-inflammatory syndrome, as well as women without vaginal infections resulted in significant discrepancies between the two methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the ImmunoQuantex® test compared to the microscopic method were 85.7% and 48.9%, respectively.

Conclusion. The new reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction based test for the evaluation of expression profiles of selected genes of immune response enables to assess the local immune status in the vagina. Determination of the presence or absence of inflammatory reaction in the vagina can be used as a diagnostic criterion for resolving discrepancies between laboratory data and clinical manifestations, as well as for choosing effective therapy.
Effect of hormone modulation therapy on bone tissue in the treatment of endometriosis
Authors: Shalina Maria A. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Misharina Elena V.
Published: December 2018

This article presents a review of the current literature on the impact of such drugs as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, aromatase inhibitors, and dienogest 2 mg, which are used for the treatment of external genital endometriosis, on the mineral density state. In the paper, we discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms of the effects of various bioactive compounds on bone and the results of domestic and foreign research.
Post partum headache: a case series
Authors: Bhatt Reema Kumar , Kumar Rohin , Singh L. B.
Published: December 2018

Postpartum headache is the complaint of head, neck, or shoulder pain occurring during the first 6 weeks following delivery. Among the women who underwent neuraxial aneasthesia Post Dural puncture headache is one of the most common presentations. However, physicians should be aware that post Dural puncture headache is not the only cause of postpartum headache. Authors present a series of four cases that had varied presentation of post partum headache with varied diagnosis, the first case was of subdural haematoma where CT scan revealed an acute on chronic SDH. The second case was diagnosed as meningitis and the CSF for culture sensitivity grew Streptococcus Pneumoniae .In our third case of cortical vein  thrombosis , NCCT followed by MR venogram  revealed left transverse venous sinus thrombosis and our last case in the series was of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome where MRI confirmed the findings of typical findings are symmetric edema involving the white matter of the posterior regions of the cerebral hemispheres. The diagnostic dilemma was resolved by neuroimaging because the clinical presentation was not making us reach a satisfactory diagnosis of the cause of headache. Early resort to neuroimaging and multidisciplinary team effort paved way to early diagnosis and appropriate recovery of the patients.
L’argent dans la presse a la Belle Epoque
Authors: Mollier Jean Yves
Published: December 2018

Este artículo se centra en el papel del dinero en el desarrollo de la prensa francesa durante la Belle Époque, 1880-1910. Mientras que la venta de diarios aumentó de un millón de ejemplares en 1870 a tres millones en 1880 y de nueve a diez millones en 1900 (menos de 40 millones de habitantes), los bancos y las grandes empresas industriales penetraron profundamente en los periódicos. Las páginas financieras se alquilaban a compañías especializadas en publicidad y las grandes empresas trataron de utilizar la prensa para drenar el ahorro público. Varios escándalos, procedentes de Panamá, el níquel y los préstamos rusos, revelarán la extensión de la corrupción de los periodistas, los propietarios de la prensa, así como de los parlamentarios. El consejero del Ministro de Finanzas ruso hablará acertadamente de “la abominable venalidad de la prensa” que socavó la democracia y demostró la capacidad de los medios para manipular a la opinión pública.
Menjadi Scholarly Communication Librarians
Authors: Kristina Kristina
Published: December 2018

Komunikasi ilmiah menjadi trend baru baru bagi dunia perpustakaan. Meskipun jika ditelaah komunikasi ilmiah bukanlah hal baru dalam dunia perpustakaan perguruan tinggi karena perpustakaan sudah terlibat di dalamnya. Komunikasi ilmiah merupakan proses komunikasi pencipataan karya tulis ilmiah, review, publikasi hingga diseminasi informasi kepada masyarakat ilmiah. Perpustakaan dalam dunia komunikasi ilmiah telah terlibat dalam proses penyediaan informasi untuk penciptaan karya ilmiah, penghimpun dan penyimpan hasil karya penyerbarluasan informasi hasil karya ilmiah. Namun merupakan sebuah tantang apabila pihak perpustakaan dapat berpartisipasi aktif dalam prosesnya seperti sebagai media publikasi dan reviewer karya ilmiah. Maka untuk dapat aktif dalam ranah tersebut, dibutuhkan pustakawan yang handal, adaptable serta memiliki passion untuk bergelut dalam komunikasi ilmiah. Tentunya untuk dapat menjadi apa yang dibutuhkan pustakawan harus memiliki komptensi dasar untuk dapat menjadi scholarly communication librarian. Oleh karenanya dibutuhkan kerja keras dan kemauan yang besar untuk bisa menjadi scholarly communication librarian sehingga dapat meningkatkan prestise profesi ini.Scholarly communication is a new trend for the library world. Although if examined Scholarly communication is not new in the world of college libraries because the library has been involved in it. Scholarly communication is the process of communicating scholarly papers, reviews, publications to the dissemination of information to the scholarly community. Libraries in the world of scholarly communication have been involved in the process of providing information for the creation of scholarly works, compilers and store of the work of disseminating information from scholarly works. But it is a challenge if the library can actively participate in the process such as the media publication and scholarly work reviewer. So to be active in this domain, librarians who are reliable, adaptable and have a passion for Scholarly communication are needed. Of course to be able to become what is needed by librarians must have basic competence to be able to become a scholarly communication librarian. Therefore it takes a lot of hard work and willingness to become a communication librarian scholarly so that it can increase the prestige of this profession.