bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Édition pour la jeunesse indépendante entre engagement éthique, traduction et questions de genre. Le geste éditorial de Camelozampa et Settenove
Authors: Pederzoli Roberta
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a comparative analysis of the editorial policies of two Italian children’s publishing houses, i.e. Camelozampa and Settenove. It is based on the theoretical framework of translational studies from a gender perspective and on discourse analysis, examining the ethos projected by the publishers of the two houses in two corpora of interviews, as well as in their websites and catalogs. The analysis shows the discursive setting of two different ethos: Camelozampa presents itself as a social-conscious publishing house that relies on the literary and aesthetic quality of its works, while Settenove gives the image of a feminist and committed publishing house that aims at a change in Italian society. Beyond their differences, Camelozampa and Settenove both offer sophisticated and original catalogs, in the Italian publishing context, as they potentially appeal to the younger generation on complex topics, with ethical and social implications.
Roadmapping technique in the hybrid operating room for the microsurgical treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Gómez-Amador Juan Luis , Valencia-Ramos Cristopher G , Sangrador-Deitos Marcos Vinicius , Eguiluz-Melendez Aldo , Guinto-Nishimura Gerardo Y , Hernández-Hernández Alan , Romano-Feinholz Samuel , Ortega-Porcayo Luis Alberto , Velasco-Torres Sebastián , Martínez-Manrique Jose J , Ramírez-Andrade Juan Jose , Zenteno-Castellanos Marco
Published: January 2023

Objective: To describe the roadmapping technique and our three-year experience in the management of intracranial aneurysms in the hybrid operating room.Methods: We analyzed all patients who underwent surgical clipping for cerebral aneurysms with the roadmapping technique from January 2017 to September 2019. We report demographic, clinical, and morphological variables, as well as clinical and radiological outcomes. We further describe three illustrative cases of the technique.Results: A total of 13 patients were included, 9 of which (69.2%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, with a total of 23 treated aneurysms. All patients were female, with a mean age of 47.7 years (range 31-63). All cases were anterior circulation aneurysms, the most frequent location being the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 11 cases (48%), followed by posterior communicating in 8 (36%), and ICA bifurcation in 2 (8%). Intraoperative clip repositioning was required in 9 aneurysms (36%) as a result of the roadmapping technique in the hybrid operating room. There were no residual aneurysms in our series, nor reported mortality.Conclusions: The roadmapping technique in the hybrid operating room offers a complementary tool for the adequate occlusion of complex intracranial aneurysms, as it provides a real time fluoroscopic-guided clipping technique, and clip repositioning is possible in a single surgical stage, whenever a residual portion of the aneurysm is identified. This technique also provides some advantages, such as immediate vasospasm identification and treatment with intra-arterial vasodilators, balloon proximal control for certain paraclinoid aneurysms, and simultaneous endovascular treatment in selected cases during a single stage.
Investigation of Gaussian boson sampling under phase noise of the light source
Authors: Qin Jian ,   Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
Published: January 2023

Gaussian boson sampling is one of the main promising approaches to realizing the quantum computational advantage, which also offers potential applications such as in dense subgraphs problem and quantum chemistry. However, the inevitable noise in experiment may weaken the quantum advantage of Gaussian boson sampling. Photon loss and photon partial indistinguishability are two major sources of noise. Their influence on the complexity of Gaussian boson sampling has been extensively studied in previous work. However, the phase noise of the input light source, a noise which is suitable for tailored for Gaussian boson sampling, has not been studied so far. Here, we investigate the phase noise of the input light source in Gaussian boson sampling through numerical simulation. We use the Monte Carlo method to calculate the output probability distribution under phase noise approximately. It is found that the phase noise of the light source can cause the input state to change from a Gaussian state into a non-Gaussian mixed state. For a given phase noise level, the fidelity of the non-Gaussian mixed state and the noise-free ideal state decreases monotonically as the mean photon number of input increases. Meanwhile, owing to the phase noise the deviation of the output probability distribution gradually increases with the number of detected photons increasing. Furthermore, the phase noise results in the capability of heavy sample generation (HOG), significantly decreasing. Finally, it is found that Gaussian boson sampling with photon loss is more tolerant to phase noise than the lossless case given that the mean photon number of input is the same. Our study is helpful in suppressing the phase noise in large-scale Gaussian boson sampling experiments.
Measurement of Rb isotope ratio by atomic absorption spectroscopy with multi-microchannel array structure cavity
Authors: Qi Gang , Huang Yin-Bo , Ling Fei-Tong , Yang Jia-Qi , Huang Jun , Yang Tao , Zhang Lei-Lei , Lu Xing-Ji , Yuan Zi-Hao , Cao Zhen-Song ,   Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230037, China,   Research Institute of Physical and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry, Tianjin 300180, China,   Science and Technology on Particle Transport and Separation Laboratory, Tianjin 300180, China
Published: January 2023

Rubidium (Rb) isotope analysis has important applications in geological exploration and environmental detection. Based on tunable laser atom absorption spectroscopy technology combined with thermal decomposition of the sample, a Rb isotope absorption spectroscopy measurement device is built to detect the Rb isotope ratio stability. And the atomic generator is designed by a new micro-channel array structure, which enhances atomic beam collimation capability, effectively suppresses the doppler effect of the spectrum, and improves the resolution of Rb isotope absorption spectrum. The device adopts tantalum metal to make the atomic generator with a diameter of 6 mm, and the micro-channel array with a diameter of 1 mm is stacked inside the atomic generator which can be heated resistively to 3000 ℃. In this experiment, the Rb carbonate sample is catalyzed to release Rb atom beam at a high temperature of 600 ℃, while a probe laser is used to obtain high resolution Rb absorption spectrum. The Rb isotope ratio (85Rb∶87Rb) of natural abundance Rb carbonate samples is 2.441±0.02 by combining the inversion of the spectral line parameters, the detection error is 5.9%, and the detection limit of 87Rb is 1.76‰ (3σ). The experimental results show that the multi-microchannel structure reduces the linewidth of Rb atoms by 450 MHz (half height full width) compared with the counterparts of the single-channel structure, which can effectively distinguish the absorption characteristics of Rb isotopes. The device has a high detection accuracy and a high spectral resolution, which provides a possibility for the metal isotope abundance analysis, and has a broad application prospect.
Effect of energy level configuration on storage of optical solitons in InAs/GaAs quantum dot electromagnetically induced transparency medium
Authors: Wang Yin , Zhou Si-Jie , Chen Qiao , Deng Yong-He ,   School of Computational Science and Electronics, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China,   Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Published: January 2023

Based on the current growth technology of quantum dot in the experiment, considering that the probe fields and control fields at different frequencies are coupled between different energy levels of the InAs/GaAs quantum dot, the ladder-type, Λ-type and V-type energy level configurations can be formed. The linear and nonlinear properties of these energy level configurations of InAs/GaAs quantum dots are studied by using semiclassical theory combined with multiple scale method. It is shown that in the linear case, electromagnetic induction transparency windows can be formed among ladder-type, Λ-type and V-type energy level configurations. And the width of the transparent window increases with the strength of the control pulse increasing. For the nonlinear case, under the current experimental condition, optical solitons can be formed and stored in ladder-type configuration and \begin{document}$ {{\Lambda }} $\end{document}-type energy level configuration. However, optical solitons cannot be formed in the V-type energy level configurations, which is because the nonlinear effect of the system is very weak. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the fidelity of the storage and retrieval of the optical solitons is higher than that of linear optical pulse and strongly nonlinear optical pulse. Interestingly, it is also found that the amplitude of stored optical solitons in \begin{document}$ {{\Lambda }} $\end{document}-type energy level configuration is higher than that in ladder-type energy level configuration. This study provides a theoretical basis for semiconductor quantum dot devices to modulate the amplitude of the stored optical solitons.
Measurements and identification of supercritical pseudo-boiling heat transfer modes based on fiber optic probes and multiscale entropy
Authors: He Xiao-Tian , Xu Jin-Liang , Cheng Yi-Wei ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China,   Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Published: January 2023

Subcritical boiling includes interfacial evaporation and heat transfer induced by bubble dynamics. However, for supercritical heat transfer, direct experimental evidence of the existence of pseudo-evaporation and pseudo-boiling heat transfer, as well as the conversion between them is lacking. In this work, the experimental study of supercritical carbon dioxide pool heat transfer is conducted. The pressure and temperature of the cell are 8–10 MPa and 15 ℃, respectively. As heating element and temperature sensing element, a nickel-chromium alloy wire with a length of 22 mm and diameter of 70 μm is placed horizontally in the high-pressure cell. The fiber optic probe is placed vertically, with its tip 200 μm above the wire. Four heat transfer modes, i.e. natural convection, pseudo-evaporation, transition of evaporation and boiling, and pseudo-boiling, are found to occur sequentially with the increase of heat flux density or wall superheat. Natural convection occurs when the wall temperature is below the pseudo-critical temperature. This work focuses on pseudo-evaporation and pseudo-boiling heat transfer and the transition between them. In the pseudo-evaporation mode, the heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly with wall superheat increasing. The fiber outputs a high frequency signal with small amplitude, and there is no dominant frequency. The multiscale entropy is large, characterizing random signal fluctuations. In the transition of evaporation and boiling mode, the fiber outputs a large-amplitude/low-frequency periodic signal with a significant dominant frequency and small multiscale entropy, representing an ordered periodic pulsating heat transfer. In the pseudo-boiling mode characterized by bubble-like structure, the fiber signal fluctuation amplitude and multiscale entropy are between the counterparts of the first two modes i.e. natural convection mode and pseudo-evaporation mode. The dominant frequency is not obvious. The multiscale entropies in the specific case are calculated under different key parameters, such as dimensionality, time scale factor, and length of origin data. Optimal parameters are selected based on the best separation of heat transfer modes. Finally, pseudo-boiling can be distinguished from pseudo-evaporation by multiscale entropy of 0.9, and from transition of evaporation and boiling by multiscale entropy of 0.5. In this work, direct experimental evidence of supercritical-like boiling is obtained, which deepens the understanding of the supercritical heat transfer mechanism and provides a basis for theoretical studies and engineering applications in future.
Recent progress of 2-dimensional layered thermoelectric materials
Authors: Yu Ze-Hao , Zhang Li-Fa , Wu Jing , Zhao Yun-Shan ,   Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China,   Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, there are enormous amounts of energy wasted in the world, most of which is in the form of wasted heat. Thermoelectric effect, by converting heat energy into electricity without releasing dangerous substances, has aroused more and more interest from researchers. Since the discovery of graphene, more and more two-dimensional layered materials have been reported, which typically own superior electrical, optical and other physical properties over the bulk materials, and the development of the new theory and experimental technologies stimulates further research for them as well. In this work, first we introduce the measurement methods and techniques that are suitable for characterizing the thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional materials, and then discuss the relevant current challenging issues. Subsequently, graphene, transition metal disulfides, black phosphorus and other 2-dimensional materials in thermoelectric applications are introduced. Finally, we discuss the various strategies to improve the thermoelectric performance and the problems that need solving urgently.
Why a Divided New US Congress Will Not Stall Action on Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Butler Stuart M.
Published: January 2023

This JAMA Forum discusses industry progress, state initiatives, congressional action, and administrative actions to address social determinants of health, which are nonmedical factors that influence health such as housing and nutrition.
Incidence and Progression of Chorioretinal Folds During Long-Duration Spaceflight
Authors: Ferguson Connor R. , Pardon Laura P. , Laurie Steven S. , Young Millennia H. , Gibson C. Robert , Brunstetter Tyson J. , Tarver William J. , Mason Sara S. , Sibony Patrick A. , Macias Brandon R.
Published: January 2023

Importance

The primary contributing factor for development of chorioretinal folds during spaceflight is unknown. Characterizing fold types that develop and tracking their progression may provide insight into the pathophysiology of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome and elucidate the risk of fold progression for future exploration-class missions exceeding 12 months in duration.

Objective

To determine the incidence and presentation of chorioretinal folds in long-duration International Space Station crew members and objectively quantify the progression of choroidal folds during spaceflight.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this retrospective cohort study, optical coherence tomography scans of the optic nerve head and macula of crew members completing long-duration spaceflight missions were obtained on Earth prior to spaceflight and during flight. A panel of experts examined the scans for the qualitative presence of chorioretinal folds. Peripapillary total retinal thickness was calculated to identify eyes with optic disc edema, and choroidal folds were quantified based on surface roughness within macular and peripapillary regions of interest.

Interventions or Exposures

Spaceflight missions ranging 6 to 12 months.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence of peripapillary wrinkles, retinal folds, and choroidal folds; peripapillary total retinal thickness; and Bruch membrane surface roughness.

Results

A total of 36 crew members were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 46 [6] years; 7 [19%] female). Chorioretinal folds were observed in 12 of 72 eyes (17%; 6 crew members). In eyes with early signs of disc edema, 10 of 42 (24%) had choroidal folds, 4 of 42 (10%) had inner retinal folds, and 2 of 42 (5%) had peripapillary wrinkles. Choroidal folds were observed in all eyes with retinal folds and peripapillary wrinkles. Macular choroidal folds developed in 7 of 12 eyes (4 of 6 crew members) with folds and progressed with mission duration; these folds extended into the fovea in 6 eyes. Circumpapillary choroidal folds developed predominantly superior, nasal, and inferior to the optic nerve head and increased in prevalence and severity with mission duration.

Conclusions and Relevance

Choroidal folds were the most common fold type to develop during spaceflight; this differs from reports in idiopathic intracranial hypertension, suggesting differences in the mechanisms underlying fold formation. Quantitative measures demonstrate the development and progression of choroidal folds during weightlessness, and these metrics may help to assess the efficacy of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome countermeasures.
Supply process and levels of schoolchild care facilities on a basis of elementary school district in provincial cities: Case studies on Ube and Matsue Cities
Authors: Hosoda Tomohisa , Nakazono Mahito , Mishima Sachiko
Published: January 2023

This study aims to clarify the supply process in the status of each elementary school district with schoolchild care facilities, in the Ube and Matsue Cities. Since the latter half of the 1970s, Ube city has been advancing the facility supply, and Matsue city has been doing so since the early 1990s, reaching a facility establishment rate of 200% per elementary school district by around 2010. The facilities of the two cities satisfy the criteria for the number of people and area as a city‐wide average; however, the improvement of some overcrowded facilities is an issue.
Mind the Mood: Momentary Depression and Anxiety Moderate the Correspondence Between Subjective and Objective Cognitive Functioning in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Kairys Anson E. , Valentine Thomas R. , Whibley Daniel , Kratz Anna L.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Subjective cognitive dysfunction (SCD) affects 55–75% of individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), but those reporting cognitive difficulties often lack corresponding objective deficits. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are prevalent in FM and may account for part of this discrepancy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether momentary (within‐day, across 7 days) changes in mood moderate the relationship between within‐the‐moment SCD and mental processing speed performance.

Methods

A total of 50 individuals with FM (mean age 44.8 years, mean education 15.7 years, 88% female, 86% White) completed momentary assessments of subjective cognitive functioning, depressive and anxious symptoms, and a test of processing speed. Assessments were completed 5 times per day for 8 consecutive days on a study‐specific smartphone application.

Results

Momentary ratings of SCD were positively associated with mean reaction time (P < 0.001) and variability of processing speed (P = 0.02). Depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between SCD and processing speed, with lower correspondence when depressive symptoms were higher (P = 0.03). A similar moderating effect was demonstrated for both depression (P = 0.02) and anxiety (P = 0.03) on the association between SCD and variability in processing speed performance.

Conclusion

Individuals with FM may have more accurate self‐perception of momentary changes in mental processing speed during periods of less pronounced mood symptoms based on their corresponding objective processing speed performance. However, during moments of heightened depression and anxiety, we found increasingly less correspondence between SCD and objective performance, suggesting that psychological symptoms may play an important role in self‐perception of cognitive dysfunction in FM as it relates to mental processing speed.
Neuro‐adaptive practical prescribed‐time control for pure‐feedback nonlinear systems without accurate initial errors
Authors: Tan Yan , Wu Liucang
Published: January 2023

This article studies the problem of practical prescribed‐time tracking for pure‐feedback nonlinear systems, where the transient behavior, steady‐state precision, settling time as well as the rate of convergence can be preset irrespective of initial conditions. With the help of a time‐dependent function and a state‐dependent function, a simple coordinate transformation is established to construct a neuro‐adaptive controller to achieve the tracking purpose. In particular, the proposed controller does not need to update the design parameters in accordance with different initial conditions, which makes the controller more versatile. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through two practical systems, namely, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and a robotic system.
Strategies for Integrating Metal Nanoparticles with Two‐Photon Polymerization Process: Toward High Resolution Functional Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Im Jisun , Liu Yaan , Hu Qin , Trindade Gustavo F. , Parmenter Christopher , Fay Michael , He Yinfeng , Irvine Derek J. , Tuck Christopher , Wildman Ricky D. , Hague Richard , Turyanska Lyudmila
Published: January 2023

This study reports the successful fabrication of complex 3D metal nanoparticle–polymer nanocomposites using two‐photon polymerization (2PP). Three complementary strategies are detailed: in situ formation of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) through a single‐step photoreduction process, integration of pre‐formed MeNPs into 2PP resin, and site‐selective MeNPs decoration of 3D 2PP structures. In the in situ formation strategy, a phase‐transfer method is applied to transfer silver and copper ions from an aqueous phase into a toluene solvent to disperse them in photoreactive monomers.The addition of a photosensitive dye, coumarin 30, facilitated the reduction of silver ions and improved the distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This strategy is successfully used to produce other MeNPs, such as Cu and Au. The integration of pre‐formed MeNPs enabled highly controlled NP size distribution within the 2PP 3D structures with high‐fidelity To enable selective decoration of 2PP 3D surfaces with MeNPs, a multimaterial strategy is developed, with one of the resins designed for thiol‐ene reaction, which demonstrated selective binding to AuNPs. The successful development of complementary strategies for integration of MeNPs into 2PP resins offers exciting opportunities for fabrication of MeNP composites with sub‐micron resolution for applications from photonics to metamaterials and drug delivery.
Radial Sponges Facilitate Wound Healing by Promoting Cell Migration and Angiogenesis
Authors: Li Jiawen , Xiao Lingfei , Gao Shijie , Huang Huayi , Lei Qingjian , Chen Yan , Chen Zhe , Xue Longjian , Yan Feifei , Cai Lin
Published: January 2023

The topographic cues of wound dressings play important roles in regulating cellular behaviors, such as cellular migration and morphology, and are capable of providing a prolonged stimulus for promoting wound healing. However, 3D porous dressings that can guide wound healing from the periphery to the center are poorly studied. Herein, radial sponges with adjustable lamellar spacing and microridge spacing by ice templating are developed to facilitate wound healing. With denser lamellae and microridges, fibroblasts achieve a more orderly arrangement, a larger elongation, and a greater migration rate. Meanwhile, the elongated state enables human umbilical vein endothelial cells to vascularization. The faster healing rate and a higher degree of vascularization based on radial sponges are further demonstrated in full‐thickness skin defects in rats. Taken together, radial sponges with the densest lamellae and microridges perform the best in guiding the wound from the periphery to the center of the repair environment. It is believed that the proposed structure here can be combined with various biochemical factors to provide dressings with functions.
Construction of Vinyl‐SubstitutedN‐HeterocyclesviaRh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization/Annulation of Pyrazolidinones
Authors: Zhang Shurui , Hu Shulei , Wang Kean , Yang Zhao , Liu Hong , Wang Jiang
Published: January 2023

The transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation reactions of pyrazolidinones with 4‐vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one or vinylene carbonate are described herein. This protocol provided two types of pyrazolo[1,2‐a]cinnolines as essential assets for the development of bioactive compounds, and the synthetic practicality was performed and explained with 44 examples. The possible mechanism of these two reactions is proposed based on preliminary studies and previous reports, and no oxidant was added to both reactions.

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Electromagnetic Reconfiguration Using Stretchable Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Sakovsky Maria , Negele Jan , Costantine Joseph
Published: January 2023

Response to environmental thermomechanical inputs in applications that range from wearable electronics to aerospace structures necessitates agile communication systems driven by reconfigurable electromagnetic structures. Antennas in these systems must dynamically preserve acceptable radiation characteristics while enabling on‐demand performance reconfiguration. However, existing reconfiguration mechanisms through stretchable conductors rely on high‐strain behavior in soft substrates, which limits their applicability. Herein, this work demonstrates the use of mechanical metamaterials for stretchable conductors and dielectrics in antennas. Metamaterials allow conductor stretching up to 30% with substrate base material tensile moduli ranging from 26 MPa to 44 GPa. It is shown, through several antenna designs, that mechanical metamaterials enable similar frequency reduction upon stretching as monolithic conductors, while simultaneously providing a miniaturization effect. The conductor patterning, furthermore, provides control over coupling between mechanical stretching and electromagnetic reconfiguration. This approach enables designing reconfigurable antenna functionality through metamaterial geometry in response to arising needs in applications ranging from body‐adapted electronics to space vehicles.
Electrocatalytic Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine‐Based Organic Frameworks: Building Blocks, Coordination Microenvironments, Structure‐Performance Relationships
Authors: Lv Ning , Li Qian , Zhu Huang , Mu Shengdong , Luo Xianglin , Ren Xiancheng , Liu Xikui , Li Shuang , Cheng Chong , Ma Tian
Published: January 2023

Metal‐porphyrins or metal‐phthalocyanines‐based organic frameworks (POFs), an emerging family of metal‐N‐C materials, have attracted widespread interest for application in electrocatalysis due to their unique metal‐N4coordination structure, high conjugatedπ‐electron system, tunable components, and chemical stability. The key challenges of POFs as high‐performance electrocatalysts are the need for rational design for porphyrins/phthalocyanines building blocks and an in‐depth understanding of structure–activity relationships. Herein, the synthesis methods, the catalytic activity modulation principles, and the electrocatalytic behaviors of 2D/3D POFs are summarized. Notably, detailed pathways are given for modulating the intrinsic activity of the M‐N4site by the microenvironments, including central metal ions, substituent groups, and heteroatom dopants. Meanwhile, the topology tuning and hybrid system, which affect the conjugation network or conductivity of POFs, are also considered. Furthermore, the representative electrocatalytic applications of structured POFs in efficient and environmental‐friendly energy conversion areas, such as carbon dioxide reduction reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and water splitting are briefly discussed. Overall, this comprehensive review focusing on the frontier will provide multidisciplinary and multi‐perspective guidance for the subsequent experimental and theoretical progress of POFs and reveal their key challenges and application prospects in future electrocatalytic energy conversion systems.
Seizures in trisomy 18: Prevalence, description, and treatment
Authors: Jaspersen Sue L. , Bruns Deborah A. , Candee Meghan S. , Battaglia Agatino , Carey John C. , Fishler Kristen P.
Published: January 2023

Changes in medical intervention over the last decade have improved outcomes for individuals with trisomy 18, the second most common human aneuploidy syndrome at birth. As children with trisomy 18 live longer, a shared concern of medical experts and parents is the occurrence and treatment of seizures. Previously published surveillance guidelines for this condition have not addressed seizure management. Using parent‐reported data collected as part of the Tracking Rare Incidence Syndromes project, we report on the prevalence, course, and management of seizures in individuals with trisomy 18. Twenty‐eight percent (52/186) of individuals diagnosed with trisomy 18 in our retrospective cohort experienced generalized, focal, or mixed seizures at some point in their lifetime. For many individuals, seizures were effectively managed by broad‐spectrum anti‐seizure medications. Correlation analysis showed that focal and generalized seizures were more likely to occur in individuals who had previously experienced infantile spasms or central apnea. Electroencephalogram testing should be considered as part of a standard screening approach in individuals with trisomy 18 to enable early diagnosis and treatment of seizures. An international registry that incorporates parent‐reported and clinical data for patients with trisomy 18 may facilitate ongoing research and recruitment into clinical trials for seizure management.
Smart Nanosensitizers for Activatable Sono‐Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Tumors by Redox‐Controlled Disassembly
Authors: Liu Lingjun , Zhang Junya , An Ruibing , Xue Qi , Cheng Xi , Hu Yuxuan , Huang Zheng , Wu Luyan , Zeng Wenhui , Miao Yinxing , Li Jie , Zhou Yu , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Liu Hong , Ye Deju
Published: January 2023

Tumor‐targeted and stimuli‐activatable nanosensitizers are highly desirable for cancer theranostics. However, designing smart nanosensitizers with multiple imaging signals and synergistic therapeutic activities switched on is challenging. Herein, we report tumor‐targeted and redox‐activatable nanosensitizers (1‐NPs) for sono‐photodynamic immunotherapy of tumors by molecular co‐assembly and redox‐controlled disassembly.1‐NPsshow a high longitudinal relaxivity (r1=18.7±0.3 mM−1 s−1), but “off” dual fluorescence (FL) emission (at 547 and 672 nm), “off” sono‐photodynamic therapy and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition activities. Upon reduction by glutathione (GSH),1‐NPsrapidly disassemble and remotely release small molecules2‐Gd, Zn‐PPA‐SH and NLG919, concurrently switching on (1) dual FL emission, (2) sono‐photodynamic therapy and (3) IDO1 inhibition activities. After systemic injection,1‐NPsare effective for bimodal FL and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging‐guided sono‐photodynamic immunotherapy of orthotropic breast and brain tumors in mice under combined ultrasound (US) and 671‐nm laser irradiation.
Low Coordination State RhI‐Complex as High Performance Catalyst for Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation: Construction ofpenta‐Substituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Zhang Junyou , Xu Weici , Xu Ming‐Hua
Published: January 2023

A simple, broad‐scope rhodium(I)/chiral diene catalytic system for challenging asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation of varioustri‐substituted allylic diazoacetates was successfully developed. The low coordination state RhI‐complex exhibits an extraordinarily high degree of tolerance to the variation in the extent of substitution of the allyl double bond, thus allowing the efficient construction of a wide range ofpenta‐substituted, fused‐ring cyclopropanes bearing three contiguous stereogenic centers, including two quaternary carbon stereocenters, in a highly enantioselective manner with ease at catalyst loading as low as 0.1 mol %. The stereoinduction mode of this RhI‐carbene‐directed asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation was investigated by DFT calculations, indicating that π‐π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of chiral diene ligand and diazo substrate play a key role in the control of the reaction enantioselectivity.
Influence of SiC nanoparticles on properties of alkali‐treated areca fruit husk fiber/hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Brailson Mansingh Bright , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Amala Mithin Minther Singh Amirthaiah , Sagai Francis Britto Antony
Published: January 2023

This work presents the comprehensive characterization of alkali treated areca fruit husk fiber (AAFHF) an industrial agro‐waste reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) matrix hybrid composite with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles as filler material. Hybrid composite plates were fabricated with 40 wt% of AAFHF and diverse wt% of SiC nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 4 wt% in steps of 1 wt%. The effect of wt% of SiC nanoparticles in hybrid composite over mechanical, morphological, wear, thermal and water absorption characteristics was investigated. The findings help to conclude that a hybrid composite plate with 3 wt% filler content excels in overall properties. Meanwhile, the accumulation and meager scattering of SiC nanoparticles in composite deteriorated the functional characteristics when the wt% of filler content enhanced to 4 wt%. Also, the failure pattern and interaction between AAFHF, SiC nanoparticle and UPR were understood from the images obtained using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, the availability of functional groups, crystallite size and crystallinity index was obtained from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis for the optimum filler content respectively. Moreover, the achieved results suggest the suitability of the developed composite for marine and lightweight applications.
Microplastic sampling strategies in urban drainage systems for quantification of urban emissions based on transport pathways
Authors: Abusafia Attaallah , Scheid Christian , Meurer Maren , Altmann Korinna , Dittmer Ulrich , Steinmetz Heidrun
Published: January 2023

Tracking waterborne microplastic (MP) in urban areas is a challenging task because of the various sources and transport pathways involved. Since MP occurs in low concentrations in most wastewater and stormwater streams, large sample volumes need to be captured, prepared, and carefully analyzed. The recent research in urban areas focused mainly on MP emissions at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as obvious entry points into receiving waters. However, important transport pathways under wet‐weather conditions are yet not been investigated thoroughly. In addition, the lack of comprehensive and comparable sampling strategies complicated the attempts for a deeper understanding of occurrence and sources. The goal of this paper is to (i) introduce and describe sampling strategies for MP at different locations in a municipal catchment area under dry and wet‐weather conditions, (ii) quantify MP emissions from the entire catchment and two other smaller ones within the bigger catchment, and (iii) compare the emissions under dry and wet‐weather conditions. WWTP has a high removal rate of MP (>96%), with an estimated emission rate of 189 kg/a or 0.94 g/[population equivalents (PEQ · a)], and polyethylene (PE) as the most abundant MP. The specific dry‐weather emissions at a subcatchment were ≈30 g/(PEQ · a) higher than in the influent of WWTP with 23 g/(PEQ · a). Specific wet‐weather emissions from large sub‐catchment with higher traffic and population densities were 1952 g/(ha · a) higher than the emissions from smaller catchment (796 g/[ha · a]) with less population and traffic. The results suggest that wet‐weather transport pathways are likely responsible for 2–4 times more MP emissions into receiving waters compared to dry‐weather ones due to tire abrasion entered from streets through gullies. However, more investigations of wet‐weather MP need to be carried out considering additional catchment attributes and storm event characteristics.
Cosmo‐political landscapes of Torres Straitadhiandmisœristones: Closing the gap between Islander and non‐indigenous perspectives
Authors: Mitchell Rod , Gnielinski Friedrich von , Willsher Josh , Elu McRose , Wright Duncan
Published: January 2023

Torres Strait (TS), on Australia's north‐east border, has a long history of research onpœrapœral kulal: powerful stones.Pœrapœral kulalcontain vital power from site‐of‐origin and therefore their movement across the Coral‐Arafura Sea corridor provides important information about past and present human relationships (Elu 2004). With few exceptions Western models draw on anthropological, linguistic and site origin research collated by a Cambridge University field team over 100 years ago, with little detailed reassessment of stone raw material and distribution or geological and archaeological surveys conducted within the intervening period. It is also unclear how TS Islanders engage with this literature, particularly the many communities poorly represented by 19th‐century studies. In this paper, we test several assumptions influencing recent literature from contemporary islander and non‐indigenous perspectives. This includes assessing whether: (a) western scholarship models oversimplify terminology and discussion; (b) early geological assessments of substantive movement of stones is correct; and (c) movement of exotic stones was a common feature across TS. Finally, using detailed cultural, archaeology, geology, and language data sets we reinterpret the regionally‐varying role and antiquity ofpœrapœral kulalwithin this animate cosmo‐political land and seascape.
The relationship between drop vertical jump action‐observation brain activity and kinesiophobia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A cross‐sectional fMRI study
Authors: Kim HoWon , Onate James A. , Criss Cody R. , Simon Janet E. , Mischkowski Dominik , Grooms Dustin R.
Published: January 2023

Background

Injury and reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) result in central nervous system alteration to control the muscles around the knee joint. Most individuals with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) experience kinesiophobia which can prevent them from returning to activity and is associated with negative outcomes after ACLR. However, it is unknown if kinesiophobia alters brain activity after ACL injury.

Objectives

To compare brain activity between an ACLR group and matched uninjured controls during an action‐observation drop vertical jump (AO‐DVJ) paradigm and to explore the association between kinesiophobia and brain activity in the ACLR group.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study enrolled 26 individuals, 13 with ACLR (5 males and 8 females, 20.62 ± 1.93 years, 1.71 ± 0.1 m, 68.42 ± 14.75 kg) and 13 matched uninjured controls (5 males and 8 females, 22.92 ± 3.17 years, 1.74 ± 0.10 m, 70.48 ± 15.38 kg). Individuals were matched on sex and activity level. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia‐11 (TSK‐11) to evaluate the level of movement‐related fear. To assay the brain activity associated with a functional movement, the current study employed an action‐observation/motor imagery paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Results

The ACLR group had lower brain activity in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex relative to the uninjured control group. Brain activity of the left cerebellum Crus I and Crus II, the right cerebellum lobule IX, amygdala, middle temporal gyrus, and temporal pole were positively correlated with TSK‐11 scores in the ACLR group.

Conclusion

Brain activity for the AO‐DVJ paradigm was different between the ACLR group and uninjured controls. Secondly, in participants with ACLR, there was a positive relationship between TSK‐11 scores and activity in brain areas engaged in fear and cognitive processes during the AO‐DVJ paradigm.
A proposed anatomy syllabus for entry‐level physiotherapists in the United Kingdom: A modified Delphi methodology by physiotherapists who teach anatomy
Authors: Gangata Hope , Porter Stuart , Artz Neil , Major Kim
Published: January 2023

The ever‐increasing scope of physiotherapy practice is raising questions on what anatomical knowledge and skills ought to be taught within qualifying physiotherapy degree programmes in the United Kingdom (UK). The aim of the study was to create core anatomical knowledge and skills learning objectives to inform knowledge and skills for entry‐level physiotherapists in the UK. A two phased modified Delphi methodology created a consensual anatomy curriculum. A Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel of four physiotherapists who teach anatomy proposed Anatomy Learning Objectives (Anat‐LOs) and accompanying clinical rationales relevant for newly qualified entry‐level physiotherapists. A Teacher‐Expert‐Panel of nine physiotherapists who taught anatomy to physiotherapy students in the UK reviewed Anat‐LOs in two consecutive Delphi Rounds, and rated and commented on each Anat‐LO. After each Delphi Round, the Research‐Team‐Expert‐Panel reviewed the ratings and comments from the Teacher‐Expert‐Panel and banked Anat‐LOs that passed the 85% acceptance threshold. There were 182 banked Anat‐LOs that spanned all eight areas: Introductory Concepts, Principles and Basic Histology; Head and Neck; Thorax; Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum; Upper Limb; Lower Limb; Spine; and Neuroanatomy regions/systems. The Anat‐LOs develop both anatomical knowledge and key anatomical skills, such as palpation and conducting manual tests on model patients. A first ever core anatomy curriculum for entry‐level physiotherapists has been created for entry‐level physiotherapists, typically Band‐5 NHS physiotherapists, and takes an integrated learning approach. The anatomy curriculum brings clarity to students, teachers, clinical supervisors and future employers on the expected anatomical standards for entry‐level physiotherapists.
Long‐term outcomes of combined intravitreal methotrexate and systemic high‐dose methotrexate therapy in vitreoretinal lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Chieh‐Lung , Yeh Po‐Ting , Fang Wei‐Quan , Ma Wei‐Li , Hou Hsin‐An , Tsai Cheng‐Hong , Lin Chang‐Ping , Tien Hwei‐Fang
Published: January 2023

Objective

The optimal treatment for vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) remains a challenge, as central nervous system (CNS) relapse occurs frequently, leading to the worst impact on survival. We previously proposed combined intravitreal methotrexate and systemic high‐dose methotrexate therapy for this disease. This study aimed to report the long‐term outcomes of patients with VRL using this combination treatment.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with VRL at a tertiary referral center between 2003 and 2018.

Results

Thirty‐two patients were included, of whom 23 had primary VRL (PVRL) and nine had concurrent intraocular and CNS diseases. The treatment was well tolerated. Twenty‐six (81.3%) patients achieved complete response (CR). After a median follow‐up time of 103.5 months, the 5‐year survival rate was 73.3%, whereas the 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rate was 29.9%. Twenty‐four (75%) patients relapsed, including 12 with isolated intraocular relapses at first relapse and a total of 17 with CNS/systemic relapses. The development of CNS/systemic relapse negatively affected survival, but intraocular relapse did not. The median CNS/systemic PFS was 69.5 months, but the risk of CNS/systemic relapse increased steadily with a cumulative incidence rate at 2, 5, and 10 years being 22.6%, 44.2%, and 65%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified concurrent CNS disease at diagnosis as the only poor‐risk factor for CNS/systemic relapse.

Conclusions

This study confirms good efficacy and acceptable toxicities of the combination approach. However, incorporation of further intensive consolidation strategies into the treatment protocol to effectively prevent subsequent CNS/systemic relapse deserves to be considered.
C−C Coupling through Nitrogen Deletion: Application to Library Synthesis
Authors: Holovach Serhii , Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Poroshyn Illia , Iminov Rustam T. , Dudenko Dmytro , Kondratov Ivan , Levin Mark , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: January 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue are Oleksandr Grygorenko and his Ukrainian colleagues at Enamine Ltd., Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and ChemSpace, as well as Mark Levin at the University of Chicago. The image depicts application of a nitrogen‐deleting anomeric amide to parallel C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203470.
Feasibility of reactive chromatography for the production of 2‐phenyl ethyl acetate
Authors: Jayant Kapil , Mahajani Sanjay M.
Published: January 2023

Reactive chromatography is a novel process intensification option when the progress of a reaction is hampered by reversibility (e.g., esterification and acetalization). In this work, we study its feasibility for the production of 2‐phenyl ethyl acetate (PEAct) by esterification of 2‐phenyl ethyl alcohol with acetic acid using Amberlyst‐15 as a catalyst/adsorbent. The reaction kinetics is investigated in a laboratory batch reactor by varying various parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, feed molar ratio, catalyst loading, and particle size, and a Langmuir Hinshelwood kinetic model is proposed. The reaction is then studied in a fixed‐bed chromatographic reactor (FBCR). Non‐reactive binary adsorption experiments are performed in the same setup to estimate the corresponding parameters of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The experimentally observed reactive breakthrough curves in FBCR reveal that RC is a promising process option for the production of PEAct. Furthermore, it is shown that the FBCR model, which uses kinetics and isotherms developed in this work, explains the reactive breakthrough curves and the regeneration performance reasonably well. The work reported here forms a base for the design of a simulated moving‐bed reactor that may be used for large‐scale production.