bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalability and Sustainability in Uncertain Environments: Transition to Recovery from the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquakes
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Joshi James
Published: October 2017

The transition from response to recovery in Nepal following the 25 April and 12 May 2015 earthquakes represents an unusual set of tensions among political, economic, geographic, social, technical, and physical constraints. We examine this set of tensions in interorganizational, interjurisdictional decision making to assess how interlocking constraints stalled the recovery process following the severe earthquakes. We use a mixed-methods research design, drawing on data from a review of documentary sources regarding Nepali laws, policies, and procedures in reference to disaster mitigation and response; content analysis of reports from local newspapers and professional organizations; and direct observations from two field trips to Nepal: the first from June to early July of 2015, and the second, one year later from April to May of 2016. Using these sources, we identified a network of influential organizations operating in disaster decision making and the constraints that shaped this process. We conclude that transition from response to recovery in Nepal represents a complex, dynamic process involving actors at different scales of operation—from local to global—that exceeded the capacity of any single actor to guide or control.
Precarious Seoul: Urban Inequality and Belonging of Young Adults in South Korea
Authors: Jung Minwoo
Published: October 2017

South Korea's economic restructuring following the 1997–98 Asian financial crisis increased deregulation, privatization, and labor flexibility, creating new forms of social precarity. This article examines this precarity to rethink the relationship between macrolevel social changes and microprocesses of social life in relation to urban inequality. Drawing on fifteen months of ethnographic research conducted between 2009 and 2011 and in-depth interviews with twenty-two South Korean young adults, the author analyzes how a host of young adults strive for their belonging as they confront their own social precarity in a highly unequal and rapidly changing urban environment. Many young domestic migrants who moved to the Seoul metropolitan area are precarious workers and vulnerable tenants in emerging forms of substandard housing. Their attempts to reconcile the idealized notion of home and their precarious realities reveal the uneven and hidden effects of neoliberal restructuring.
Freedom Markets: Consumption and Commerce across Human-Trafficking Rescue in Thailand
Authors: Shih Elena
Published: October 2017

This article is interested in why and how Thailand functions as a pivotal destination for US human-trafficking rescue projects, and it situates transnational antitrafficking endeavors within Thai political and economic history. Based on ethnographic participant observation of the global antitrafficking movement in Thailand, China, and the United States between 2008 and 2014, this article juxtaposes two distinct tourist encounters: a human-trafficking reality tour hosted by a US nonprofit organization and a separate study-abroad gathering of US university students hosted at the office of a Thai sex worker rights organization. These disparate cases illustrate the hierarchical dimensions through which sex-trafficking interventions operate while entertaining US antitrafficking curiosities in Thailand. The author argues that these US antitrafficking projects illustrate how global markets in mass tourism and commerce compel the global concern against sex trafficking in Thailand, while also serving as vital facilitators of antitrafficking humanitarian engagements in the country. Seeking market-based solutions to human trafficking, they often eclipse instances of long-standing community organizing and local activism, as well as long-term strategies for migrant rights or migrant integration.
Citizenship in the Name of the Mother: Nationalism, Social Exclusion, and Gender in Contemporary Nepal
Authors: Grossman-Thompson Barbara , Dennis Dannah
Published: October 2017

In 2006, the Nepali government made it feasible for women to pass citizenship onto their children. In 2015, a new constitution overrode these gains and again made it impossible to grant citizenship through the maternal line alone. Nepal's current gender-discriminatory citizenship laws are rooted in historical social and geopolitical tensions with India, especially nationalistic fears about Indian encroachment into Nepali territory and politics. This article argues that resurgent resistance to equitable citizenship laws does not simply reflect hegemonic Hindu patriarchal norms. This resistance is also a reactive stance against Indian influence as embodied by the real and potential coupling of Nepali women and Indian men whose children would further “Indianize” Nepal. This article suggests that restricting Nepali women's right to pass citizenship is a form of policing the boundaries of the state body via policing women's bodies, especially their reproductive capabilities.
Saint, Celebrity, and the Self(ie): Body Politics in Late Socialist Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Tri
Published: October 2017

This article examines a series of media events occurring during General Vo Nguyen Giap's death that shine the spotlight on politics of the body in the public arena. The author's analysis focuses on the general's corpse, its connection to the larger body politic of the Vietnamese nation, and its symbolic and practical ties to the bodies of other common citizens. The author frames these interlinked relationships as “body politics,” a process in which the interaction of corporeal bodies in public spaces and their representations by channels of mass media would subject the national body politic to bottom-up contestations as well as reactionary responses. The study of media and its relationship to structures of feeling offers ways to evaluate the multiplicity of readings people have for parading bodies in both democratic and socialist contexts. As old communist leaders whose personal biographies lend legitimacy to the incumbent political order pass away, new figures come to the forefront of public consciousness manifesting as the “people-as-many.” Late socialism is thus seen as a cultural battlefield in which traditional media comes into friction with new media with regard to state censorship, ownership, and control over national ideologies. What we call “politics” and “resistance” are not necessarily concerted and motivated series of actions by specific actors but instead occur at particular conjunctures when public engagement with media stimulates forms of cultural friction across a spectrum of ideological and social relations. General Giap's funeral offers a useful case study about the interaction between traditional and new media and their political implications in present-day Vietnam, which has broader connections to the study of censorship, political subjectivities, and nationalism elsewhere in the digital era.
Obviously Strategy-Proof Mechanisms
Authors: Li Shengwu
Published: October 2017

A strategy is obviously dominant if, for any deviation, at any information set where both strategies first diverge, the best outcome under the deviation is no better than the worst outcome under the dominant strategy. A mechanism is obviously strategy-proof (OSP) if it has an equilibrium in obviously dominant strategies. This has a behavioral interpretation: a strategy is obviously dominant if and only if a cognitively limited agent can recognize it as weakly dominant. It also has a classical interpretation: a choice rule is OSP-implementable if and only if it can be carried out by a social planner under a particular regime of partial commitment. (JEL D11, D44, D82)
Gresham's Law of Model Averaging
Authors: Cho In-Koo , Kasa Kenneth
Published: October 2017

A decision maker doubts the stationarity of his environment. In response, he uses two models, one with time-varying parameters, and another with constant parameters. Forecasts are then based on a Bayesian model averaging strategy, which mixes forecasts from the two models. In reality, structural parameters are constant, but the (unknown) true model features expectational feedback, which the reduced-form models neglect. This feedback permits fears of parameter instability to become self-confirming. Within the context of a standard asset-pricing model, we use the tools of large deviations theory to show that even though the constant parameter model would converge to the rational expectations equilibrium if considered in isolation, the mere presence of an unstable alternative drives it out of consideration. (JEL C63, D83, D84)
Flat epithelial atypia: conservative management of patients without residual microcalcifications post-vacuum-assisted breast biopsy
Authors: Schiaffino Simone , Gristina Licia , Villa Alessandro , Tosto Simona , Monetti Francesco , Carli Franca , Calabrese Massimo
Published: October 2017

Objective:

To determine the malignancy rate (defined in this study as stability or absence of malignancy developed on close imaging follow-up post-biopsy) of conservative management in patients with a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) diagnosis of flat epithelial atypia (FEA), performed on single group of microcalcifications, completely removed during procedure.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, monocentric, observational study, approved by IRB. Inclusion criteria were: VAB performed on a single group of microcalcifications; the absence of residual calcifications post-VAB; diagnosis of isolated FEA as the most advanced proliferative lesion; radiological follow-up at least of 12 months. The personal history of breast cancer or other high-risk lesions was an exclusion criteria. The patients enrolled were conservatively managed, without surgical excision, through close follow-up: the first two mammographies performed with an interval of 6 months after biopsy, followed by annual mammographic and clinical checks.

Results:

48 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, all females, with age range of 39–76 years (mean 53,3 years) and radiological follow-up range of 13–75 months (mean 41.5 months). All the lesions were classified as BI-RADS 4b. The diameter range of the group of calcifications was 3–10 mm (mean 5, 6 mm). In each patient, 7 to 15 samples (mean 11) were obtained. Among all the patients, there was only one case (2%) of new microcalcifications, developed in the same breast, 26 months after and 8 mm from the site of previous VAB, and interpreted as ADH at surgical excision. All the checks of the other patients were negative.

Conclusion:

Even with a limited follow-up, we found a malignancy rate lower than 2%, through a defined population. Further studies with bigger number of patients and extended follow-up are needed to reinforce this hypothesis.

Advances in knowledge:

Surgical excision may not be necessary in patients with VAB diagnosis of isolated FEA, without residual microcalcifications post-procedure and considered concordant with the mammographic presentation, considering the low rate of malignancy at subsequent follow-ups.
Discovery Learning in Primary School: Target Setting
Authors: Медведева Ирина , Medvedeva Irina
Published: October 2017

The article considers discovery learning as an effective tool for the formation of universal learning activities by younger schoolchildren: cognitive, regulative, communicative. The questions of the history of the discovery education are described, the most frequently used discovery teaching methods are characterized: “brainstorming” and the synectic method. Variants of discovery learning tasks for younger schoolchildren are suggested.
Features of Teaching Mathematics to Younger Schoolchildren with Speech Defects in the Framework of Inclusive Education
Authors: Павлова О. , Pavlova O. , Демидова А. , Demidova A.
Published: October 2017

The article presents an author’s view on the problem of the formation of mathematical representations in children with speech defects that are taught in the primary school in the system of inclusive education. Modern realities are such that children with disabilities have the right to study in ordinary classes on a par with other younger schoolchildren, so the author considers specific changes in the process of organizing the education of special children, in particular – with speech defects, which the teacher must take into account when working in conditions of inclusion.
“LIVING” EXPOSITION AS A SOURCE OF EMOTIONS AND NATURAL WORLD PERCEPTION FOR PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Черных Татьяна , Chernykh Tatyana
Published: October 2017

Nowadays science education institutes are considered as a development factor of the region. Primorsky Kray is distinguished by its e biodiversity. However, local community takes an interest not only in that sort of institutions but is actively involved in events which are focused on science popularization. “Primorsky Aquarium” is an affiliated institution NRCMB FEB RAS (National Research Center for Marine Biology of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science) – is the place possessing culturally educational resource. The collection of living organisms of “Primorsky Aquarium” is represented in nine permanent themed expositions, however dealing with visitors has its specificity, especially with preschool children. Preschool children are the most sensitive to the outside world perception, in this regard including of “living” exposition to pedagogical process has its features. The article describes psychological peculiarities of preschool children, pedagogical principles that are basic for proposed algorithms of the teacher work with children, where a child can get acquainted with the learning styles of aquatic habitat, understand the nature of a living organism, which will prepare a child to perceive the world of living things in the wild nature in future
DIFFICULTIES OF TEACHING SPEAKING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND WAYS OF OVERCOMING
Authors: Мамонова Татьяна , Mamonova Tatiana , Чернякова Юлия , Chernyakova Yulia
Published: October 2017

This article deals with the chief difficulties of the second language acquisition pupils face, which are described in works of Russian and foreign methodologists and psychologists; typical mistakes made by examinees sitting Part Speaking of the Unified State Examination of the English language in 2015 are analysed. The ways of organization of class-room activities are emphasized, which enable pupils to overcome difficulties and to form a strong learning interest to speak a target language
Expanding Treatment Opportunities for Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Use Disorders
Authors: Winetsky Daniel , Weinrieb Robert M. , Perrone Jeanmarie
Published: October 2017

The prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUDs) is rising across the United States. Patients with OUDs are often hospitalized for medical conditions other than addiction, such as infection, injury, or pregnancy. These hospital admissions provide an opportunity for healthcare providers to initiate opioid agonist therapy with methadone or buprenorphine. Randomized trials have demonstrated the superior effectiveness of this treatment strategy, but its adoption by hospital providers has been slow. A number of barriers have impeded its implementation, including misperceptions about the regulation of opioid prescribing, limited resources for the transition to community‐based treatment, and a lack of familiarity among clinicians about the appropriate initiation and dose adjustment of these opioid agonists for maintenance therapy. We discuss changes in policy and practice to expand opportunities to engage patients with OUDs in opioid agonist treatment during their inpatient hospitalizations.
Derivation of a Clinical Model to Predict Unchanged Inpatient Echocardiograms
Authors: Gunderson Craig G. , Gromisch Elizabeth S. , Chang John J. , Malm Brian J.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is one of the most commonly ordered tests in healthcare. Repeat TTE, defined as a TTE done within 1 year of a prior TTE, represents 24% to 42% of all studies. The purpose of this study was to derive a clinical prediction model to predict unchanged repeat TTE, with the goal of defining a subset of studies that are unnecessary.

METHODS

Single‐center retrospective cohort study of all hospitalized patients who had a repeat TTE between October 1, 2013, and September 30, 2014.

RESULTS

Two hundred eleven of 601 TTEs were repeat studies, of which 78 (37%) had major changes. Five variables were independent predictors of major new TTE changes, including history of intervening acute myocardial infarction, cardiothoracic surgery, major new electrocardiogram (ECG) changes, prior valve disease, and chronic kidney disease. Using the β‐coefficient for each of these variables, we defined a clinical prediction model that we named the CAVES score. The acronym CAVES stands for chronic kidney disease, acute myocardial infarction, valvular disease, ECG changes, and surgery (cardiac). The prevalence of major TTE change for the full cohort was 35%. For the group with a CAVES score of ‐1, that probability was only 5.6%; for the group with a score of 0, the probability was 17.7%; and for the group with a score ≥1, the probability was 55.3%. The bootstrap corrected C statistic for the model was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.72‐0.85), indicating good discrimination.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the CAVES score had good discrimination and calibration. If further validated, it may be useful to predict repeat TTEs that are unlikely to have major changes.
Does Pay Activism Pay Off for Shareholders? Shareholder Democracy and Its Discontents
Authors: Dasgupta Sudipto , Noe Thomas H.
Published: October 2017

Typically, shareholders are not sure whether boards act in their interest or have been captured by management. They are also less well informed than boards about firm investment opportunities and operating conditions. We develop a model, consistent with these observations, in which discretionary compensation payments to managers might increase firm value or might simply enrich managers at the expense of shareholders. After observing the board’s compensation and investment policies, shareholders use Bayes’s rule to update the probability that the board is captured. Shareholders are “outraged” if this updated probability is sufficiently large. Outrage is costly for the board. Shareholder democracy, by enabling outrage to constrain board actions, typically lowers firm value relative to either governance regimes that insulate boards from shareholder outrage or regimes that ban discretionary compensation altogether.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2854 .

This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Clinical briefing: functional neurological symptom disorder
Authors: Ratcliffe Sarah
Published: October 2017

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD), also known as somatoform or conversion disorder, is a relatively common neurological condition. The symptoms vary, and can include both motor and sensory neurological signs. Although misunderstandings still exist, recent progress has been made as to the causes of FNSD within the area of functional imaging, helping to unravel the underlying aetiology and neurobiology of FNSD. A range of management and treatment options, including physical, pharmacological and psychological therapies, are available to people who have been diagnosed. There is a dearth of information within the nursing literature to educate and support nursing practice and decision making about people with FNSD. Consequently, approaches to the nursing care and management are often ad hoc and rely on research from other health disciplines. Nonetheless, there is now an emerging body of evidence to support specific management pathways to treat and manage FNSD. Neuroscience nurses are in a key position to embrace such pathways and influence the care offered to people with FNSD within the inpatient neurology setting.
Pharmacological management of patients with Parkinson's disease in the acute hospital setting: a review
Authors: Donizak Joanna , McCabe Catherine
Published: October 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that requires a complex and patient-specific medication regimen for optimal symptom control. Hospitalisation of patients with PD involves many challenges due to lack of knowledge in PD management among hospital staff. This article presents findings of a literature review on the subject of medication management of patients with PD in the acute hospital setting. Research revealed a deficit in PD-specific expertise among hospital staff that acts as a barrier in optimal medication management. The evidence suggests that the pharmacological management of hospitalised patients with PD is far from ideal, with a high prevalence of untimely administration of PD drugs and a repeated use of medications contraindicated in PD which are likely to result in consequent poor outcome for PD patients. Education programmes to improve awareness among nurses is essential.
Using the updated Parkinson's NICE guidelines
Authors: Cockram Laura
Published: October 2017

In July 2017, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence published its updated guidelines on care and treatment for people with Parkinson's disease. It has been over 10 years since the guidelines were updated and there are some welcome changes which, if implemented, could improve the care people with Parkinson's and their families receive. This article outlines the changes in the updated guidelines, shares data from the UK Parkinson's audit that demonstrates the need for improved practice, and encourages nurses to get involved in the UK Parkinson's Excellence Network to raise the quality of care for people living with the condition.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Costello John
Published: October 2017

John Costello provides a synopsis and brief review of a selection of recently published research articles of interest to neuroscience nurses, highlighting the key points to keep you up to date. A full reference is provided for those who wish to read the research in more detail.
Exploration of Iron Sand at The Eastern Coast Area of Binangun in Cilacap Regency Using Magnetic Survey
Authors: Allasimy Sehah , Raharjo Sukmaji Anom , Andriyanto Iska
Published: October 2017

Exploration of the spread of iron sand on the eastern coastal of Binangun District in Cilacap Regency has been conducted using the magnetic surveys. The magnetic data acquisition was conducted in April 2017. The total magnetic field data obtained is processed, so that can be obtained the local magnetic anomaly data. The modeling of the local magnetic anomaly data is performed on the trajectory of AB that extending from the position point of 109,274698° E and 7.686620° S to 109.2296195° E and 7.689099° S so that obtained various model of the subsurface anomalous objects. Interpretation on the subsurface anomalous objects is done to estimate the types of rocks and their formations based on the magnetic susceptibility value of each object which supported by the geological information of the research area. Based on the interpretation results to be obtained two layers of subsurface rocks that can be estimated as the iron sand that coexists with silt dan clay derived from the alluvium formation. The first rock has a length of 1238.2 meters, a depth of 1.709 – 20.513 meters, and a magnetic susceptibility value of 0.0183 cgs unit. The second rock has a length of 643.055 meters, a depth of 16.524 – 34.188 meters, and a magnetic susceptibility value of 0.0174 cgs unit. The results of this research are also supported by the results of geoelectric data interpretation, where the iron sand that coexists with silt and clay is found at a depth of 9.42 – 19.48 meters with a resistivity value of 52.99 Ωm at Geo-1 point; and a depth of 10.56 – 22.20 meters with resistivity value of 49,03 Ωm at Geo-2 point. Based on the results of of this research, the eastern coastal area of Binangun District is estimated to contain potentially iron ore and economically is a prospect for exploitation.
The Uses of Geography in Youssef Ziedan's Azazeel
Authors: Sally Gomaa
Published: October 2017

Youssef Ziedan's controversial novel Azazeel follows an anonymous narrator's journey from Upper Egypt to Aleppo during the first half of the fifth-century AD. This article argues that descriptions of landscape enable the narrator to articulate personal and historical crises otherwise censored or repressed. By incorporating geographical features into his identity, the narrator creates a poetic version of himself free from the hegemony of the dominant religious discourse. The search for a free, private space shapes the novel's aesthetic as well as political concerns. Overall, Azazeel is an important novel because of its literary value, its denouncement of geopolitical definitions of God, and its ability to place the history of religious violence in Egypt within the global context.
College Students' Sexual Consent Communication And Perceptions of Sexual Double Standards: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Jozkowski Kristen N. , Marcantonio Tiffany L. , Hunt Mary E.
Published: October 2017

CONTEXT

Affirmative consent standards adopted by colleges and universities are meant to decrease miscommunication that may lead to sexual assault. However, they may not take into account sociocultural factors that influence consent. In particular, the role of gender norms needs to be better understood.

METHODS

In‐depth interviews about college students’ sexual activity, including sexual consent communication, were conducted with 17 female and 13 male students at a large southern university during the spring 2013 semester. The interview protocol and analyses were guided by Carspecken's critical qualitative methodology, which seeks to understand both participants’ explicit statements and implied underlying meanings and values. Themes and subthemes were identified through inductive analyses.

RESULTS

Two overarching themes emerged: Students perceived a sexual double standard, and males viewed obtaining sex as a conquest. Subthemes related to the first theme reflected endorsement of traditional views of women's sexuality (the notions that “good girls” do not have sex, that women should privilege men's sexual needs over their own and that women “owe” men sex once men have “worked” for it). Subthemes related to the second theme reflected males’ beliefs that sex is a commodity that pits women and men against one another, and that women can be “convinced” to have sex if they initially refuse.

CONCLUSIONS

College students’ consent communication may be influenced by gender norms that challenge assumptions of affirmative consent standards. Cultural shifts in students’ views of sexuality may be necessary for affirmative consent policies to be effective.
The multiple lives of permadeath: An introduction
Authors: Chang Alenda , Costantino Jesús , Soderman Braxton
Published: October 2017

In the introduction to this special issue, the editors argue that permadeath games respond to the increasing prevalence of the social, ecological, psychological, and economic conditions of precarity. Permanent death, or permadeath, has experienced a renaissance of sorts with the release of games such as DayZ, Don’t Starve, XCOM: Enemy Unknown, One Chance and Minecraft. Permadeath games emphasize the precariousness of play by making defeat, failure, and death irrevocable, countering mainstream design paradigms that embrace infinite retries and the devaluation of death. Drawing on Judith Butler’s deployment of the term ‘precarity,’ the editors contend that permadeath’s resurgence is evidence of a growing awareness of the tenuousness of human existence, not only in economic terms, but also in terms that are moral and ecological. In other words, the recent rise in experiments with the mechanics of death might relate directly to contemporary issues such as anthropogenic climate change, neo-liberal economics and even the so-called death of the monolithic ‘gamer’ identity. Permadeath games are uniquely situated to voice the inherent precarity of what it means to live and play in the early twenty-first century.
Permalife: Video games and the queerness of living
Authors: Ruberg Bonnie
Published: October 2017

The mechanic of ‘permadeath’ has recently garnered increased interest among video game players, designers and scholars. Yet it is equally critical, in talking about death in video games, to talk about life. Just as every video game systemises dying, it also systemises living. The social meaning contained within these systems can be termed the biopolitics and necropolitics of video games. Indeed, the renaissance of permadeath is occurring alongside the emergence of a second mechanic: permalife. In contrast to permadeath games, where players can die only once, permalife games make it impossible for players to die. While there are many video games that lack an official death state, permalife games set themselves apart by making the inability to die a central theme and/or core gameplay mechanic. In contrast to permadeath games, permalife games are primarily being designed by LGBTQ indie game-makers. It is no coincidence that queer designers are exploring biopolitical game systems structured around permalife. For queer subjects today, and particularly those operating within the reactionary vitriol of games culture, permanent living represents a particularly potent trope for expressing both hopes and concerns about existence in the face of an uncertain future. To demonstrate the varied expressions and meanings of permalife mechanics, this article looks at three works from the contemporary queer games avant-garde: Dietrich ‘Squinky’ Squinkifer’s Quing’s Quest VII: The Death of Videogames! (2014), Mattie Brice’s Mainichi (2012) and Anna Anthropy’s Queers in Love at the End of the World (2013). Together, these games demonstrate how permalife operates in a space of contradiction – between life and death, futurity and stagnation, optimism and resistance – that reflects the complexities and challenges of real LGBTQ lives. In this way, permalife creates space for alternative modes of living in video games, challenging teleological narratives of temporal and affective progress as articulated by queer theorists like Elizabeth Freeman and Sara Ahmed. Permalife, as seen through queer games, also stands as a challenge to look to interactive systems and not just character representation as important sites of identity, desire and political meaning in video games.
Sobre las conjunciones coordinantes adversativas
Authors: Garcia Murga Fernando
Published: October 2017

Las conjunciones coordinantes adversativas son estructuras coordinantes que conllevan necesariamente un contraste entre dos elementos relacionados con los enunciados que unen. El contraste es un concepto heterogéneo, ya que podemos identificar tres tipos de contraste (que corresponden a tres significados diferentes de las conjunciones coordinantes adversativas): restrictivo, correctivo y aditivo. Propondremos una interpretación semántica para cada tipo de contraste, y defenderemos el carácter presuposicional del contraste restrictivo. Con ello, pondremos de relieve que el discurso en el que se insertan las conjunciones coordinantes adversativas debe plantear alternativas que, cuando el tipo de contraste no está unívocamente lexicalizado, guían la interpretación de las conjunciones coordinantes adversativas.
Phenomenological understanding and electric eels
Authors: Gervais Raoul
Published: October 2017

Explanations are supposed to provide us with understanding. It is common to make a distinction between genuine, scientific understanding, and the phenomenological, or ‘aha’ notion of understanding, where the former is considered epistemically relevant, the latter irrelevant. I argue that there is a variety of phenomenological understanding that does play a positive epistemic role. This phenomenological understanding involves a similarity between bodily sensations that is used as evidence for mechanistic hypotheses. As a case study, I will consider 17th and 18th century research into the mechanism behind the electric eel’s power to shock.
Yoga practices for different blood types based on occi-dental – oriental food habits
Authors: Acharya Balkrishna , Gowda Paran , Bhattarai Rachna , Bhandari Rudra b. , Singh Kuldeep , Verma Anita
Published: October 2017

Objective: The objective of this paper is to bring the relationship between blood types versus Occidental – Oriental Food Habits (OOFH) along with Yoga practices for better public health and wellness. Methodology: Sample sizes of 50 persons are selected for the study. Clinical blood type classifications and suitable diet combinations, OOFH items are worked out by trial and error method in a laboratory. A Yoga Wellness scoring card or impact card is developed to measure yoga practices.Results: The trial and error method led to innovative development of 10 basic organic food items with 50,000 variations are shown empirically for clinically tested 4 blood groups. Secondly, by using OOFH items, one can maintain a healthy body-mind. Thirdly, yoga wellness card is developed can be used as a health education and communication tool for healthy life style. Lastly, stress related issues are treated with variant juices.Conclusions: The study concludes, that a recommended OOFH diet along with Wellness card helps the individuals to maintain a disease free body-mind of clinically classified of blood types. There is a scope for further research work.
The Identification of Carotenoids and Testing of Carotenoid Antioxidants from Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Egg Extract
Authors: Ngginak James , Mangibulude Jubhar C , Rondonuwu Ferdy S
Published: October 2017

Sand lobsters (Panulirus homarus) are organisms that play an important role in supporting a society’s economy. Lobsters have a business appeal due to their high demand, enjoyable taste, as well as significant nutritional content. It is interesting that sand lobster eggs have a yellow orange color as an indicator of the presence of carotenoid content. Related with advancements in research and the utilization of carotenoids, this research identifies carotenoids and tests carotenoid antioxidants from sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) egg extract. In identifying carotenoids in sand lobster egg extract, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) (shimadzu LC-10AD, Japan) is used. In testing carotenoid antioxidants from sand lobster eggs, a DPPH method is utilized. The identification results with HPLC reveal that the sample contains carotenoids. The kinds of carotenoids identified are dinoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, astaxanthin, and violaxanthin. Among the six kinds of carotenoids identified, lutein is the type of carotenoid that has the highest concentration. These carotenoid compounds are detected in wavelengths of 400-500 nm. The test results of antioxidant power reveal that to hamper free radicals (IC50), a sample concentration of 6675.25 µg.ml-1 is needed. The ability to hinder free radicals from a sample extract is mostly conducted by lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxantin. If seen from the analytical results, it can be surmised that sand lobster eggs contain carotenoids that can be used as a carotenoid source for humans.   Keywords : Sand Lobster, HPLC, Carotenoids, DPPH, Antioxidant
Development and Use of a Small Laboratory Intensive Quenching (IQ) System
Authors: Albano Luigi L. M. , Misina Fernando S. , Canale Antonio C. , Totten George E. , Canale Lauralice C. F.
Published: October 2017

Intensive quenching (IQ) has been defined as “those quenching conditions that lead to uniform maximum surface compressive stresses,” which provide maximum surface compressive stresses with correspondingly optimized distortion control. An earlier paper described the design and construction of a laboratory system that provides sufficient heat transfer rates to be classified as an IQ system. This paper describes the experimental work conducted with this laboratory IQ system. Particular focus will be on construction and use of this laboratory device to quench SAE 5160 spring steel under IQ conditions and the corresponding cooling curves, heat transfer rates, and compressive stresses obtained.
Assessing the Role of Inhibition in Stabilizing Neocortical Networks Requires Large-Scale Perturbation of the Inhibitory Population
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Silver R. Angus , Mrsic-Flogel Thomas D. , Muir Dylan Richard
Published: October 2017

Neurons within cortical microcircuits are interconnected with recurrent excitatory synaptic connections that are thought to amplify signals (Douglas and Martin, 2007), form selective subnetworks (Ko et al., 2011), and aid feature discrimination. Strong inhibition (Haider et al., 2013) counterbalances excitation, enabling sensory features to be sharpened and represented by sparse codes (Willmore et al., 2011). This balance between excitation and inhibition makes it difficult to assess the strength, or gain, of recurrent excitatory connections within cortical networks, which is key to understanding their operational regime and the computations that they perform. Networks that combine an unstable high-gain excitatory population with stabilizing inhibitory feedback are known as inhibition-stabilized networks (ISNs) (Tsodyks et al., 1997). Theoretical studies using reduced network models predict that ISNs produce paradoxical responses to perturbation, but experimental perturbations failed to find evidence for ISNs in cortex (Atallah et al., 2012). Here, we reexamined this question by investigating how cortical network models consisting of many neurons behave after perturbations and found that results obtained from reduced network models fail to predict responses to perturbations in more realistic networks. Our models predict that a large proportion of the inhibitory network must be perturbed to reliably detect an ISN regime robustly in cortex. We propose that wide-field optogenetic suppression of inhibition under promoters targeting a large fraction of inhibitory neurons may provide a perturbation of sufficient strength to reveal the operating regime of cortex. Our results suggest that detailed computational models of optogenetic perturbations are necessary to interpret the results of experimental paradigms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany useful computational mechanisms proposed for cortex require local excitatory recurrence to be very strong, such that local inhibitory feedback is necessary to avoid epileptiform runaway activity (an “inhibition-stabilized network” or “ISN” regime). However, recent experimental results suggest that this regime may not exist in cortex. We simulated activity perturbations in cortical networks of increasing realism and found that, to detect ISN-like properties in cortex, large proportions of the inhibitory population must be perturbed. Current experimental methods for inhibitory perturbation are unlikely to satisfy this requirement, implying that existing experimental observations are inconclusive about the computational regime of cortex. Our results suggest that new experimental designs targeting a majority of inhibitory neurons may be able to resolve this question.
Questions of Changing Access
Authors: Lycke Kara L. , Hurd Ellis
Published: October 2017

This paper explores the increasingly complex dynamic for conducting long-term critical ethnographic research in school settings. With ever-increasing neoliberal forms of knowledge prescribing school practice and policy, school leaders may not value the focus and duration of ethnographic studies. In a results-oriented climate of K–12 education, conducting school ethnographies may depend on administrators’ beliefs regarding the direct connection of the research to student achievement, the district's reputation, or a willingness to share in the stakes of the “public face” of research (Shulman, 1999). As researchers of culture and literacy, it is our contention that ethnographers have a valuable, sustaining role in school communities and that critical school ethnographies can be a tool for social justice as participants (researchers and school participants alike) can come together to engage in joint sense-making, problem solving, and social analysis of school practice and policy.
Being Rooted
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: October 2017

In this autoethnography, I focus on listening as an act that encourages a process of being rooted in a multicultural identity. Listening across languages, cultures, and places helps reveal commonalities that might have otherwise remained unexamined. I hope this short paper motivates others to unpack the ways that seemingly disparate forces may help influence media consumption in everyday life.
“Reclaiming” Detroit
Authors: Herstad Kaeleigh
Published: October 2017

Built to support the city’s peak population of nearly two million residents, tens of thousands of structures in Detroit now sit vacant and actively decaying, awaiting renovation, demolition, or deconstruction. This article draws on data from participant observation, media analysis, and semistructured interviews with residents, small business owners, and consumers in metro Detroit to examine the underlying ideology of blight removal programs in Detroit and the transformation of materials from blighted structures into objects of tangible heritage via the processes of deconstruction and “reclamation.” I argue that the city’s current blight eradication efforts, while represented by city officials (and residents) as a universal good, serve to fragment and erase the social and material legacies of racism and urban decline from the landscape and “obscure the real agents of decline.”1
Metformin in gestational diabetes mellitus: predictors of poor response
Authors: Gante Inês , Melo Luís , Dores Jorge , Ruas Luísa , Almeida Maria do Céu
Published: October 2017

Objective

Metformin can be regarded as a first-line treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to its safety and effectiveness. However, a proportion of women do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin alone. We aim to identify predictors of this poor response to metformin.

Design and methods

Retrospective multicentre cohort study of women with GDM who started metformin as first-line treatment. The assessed cohort was divided into a metformin group and metformin plus insulin group. Biometric and demographic characteristics, glycemic control data, obstetric, neonatal and postpartum outcomes were compared between groups and analysed in order to identify predictors of poor response to metformin. Data were analysed using STATA, version 13.1.

Results

Of the 388 women enrolled in the study, 135 (34.8%) required additional insulin therapy to achieve the glycemic targets. Higher age (aOR: 1.08 (1.03–1.13), P = 0.003), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (1.06 (1.02–1.10), P = 0.003) and earlier introduction of metformin (0.89 (0.85–0.94), P < 0.001) were independent predictors for insulin supplementation. Regarding all the analysed outcomes, only cesarean delivery rates and postpartum glucose levels were higher in women requiring insulin supplementation.

Conclusions

Although almost 35% of women did not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin, insulin supplementation was not associated with poor neonatal outcomes. Higher age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and earlier introduction of metformin could be used as predictors of poor response to metformin.
Identifying and treating subclinical thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy: emerging controversies
Authors: Velasco Inés , Taylor Peter
Published: October 2017

Thyroid hormones are essential for an adequate growth and development of the fetus. In addition to the classical association between maternal hypothyroidism and neurological impairment in the progeny, other adverse reproductive events have been associated with maternal thyroid dysfunction including infertility, miscarriage and preterm delivery. Although all scientific societies endorse the treatment of overt hypothyroidism; the management and/or treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia or antithyroid antibody-positive women should be considered with caution. Important trials have found no clear benefit of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in terms of cognitive outcomes; however, other interventional studies appear to reduce some of the obstetric and perinatal complications. As a result, the dilemma between universal screening or selective screening of women at high risk of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy remains unresolved. Despite this, levothyroxine is also now regularly prescribed by gynaecologists and centres for reproductive medicine. In this context, there is increasing concern regarding the risk of over diagnosis and subsequent potential overtreatment. Taken together, we need to reconsider how thyroid dysfunction should be identified in pregnant women and highlight the arguments for and against the use of levothyroxine in obstetric practices. Our main findings: the mismatch between the guidelines recommendations and the use of LT4 in clinical settings as well as the disparity of criteria between scientific societies from different medical specialties. In conclusion, it is essential to reach agreements between both endocrinologists and obstetricians.
Infected pulmonary infarction. Case report
Authors: Sierra Umaña Sebastian Felipe , Garcés Arias Andrés , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Andrés Fernando , López Donato Diego Fernando , Patiño Unibio Luisa Fernanda , Velásquez Gaviria Laura Marcela , Salazar Franco Laura , Salinas Mendoza Sebastián , Sáenz Pérez Luis David , Castillo Rodríguez Cristian Alejandro
Published: October 2017

Introducción: el infarto pulmonar ocurre entre un 29 y un 32% de pacientes con tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP). Por su parte, la infección de un infarto pulmonar complica aproximadamente del 2 al 7% de los casos, lo que hace que el infarto pulmonar infectado sea una entidad poco frecuente.Descripción del caso: mujer de 49 años con dolor pleurítico en hemitórax izquierdo, irradiado a región dorsal, asociado a disnea y edema doloroso de miembro inferior izquierdo de dos días de evolución. Dos semanas antes de su ingreso la paciente sufrió trauma de rodilla izquierda, el cual que requirió intervención quirúrgica; sin embargo, por motivos desconocidos, no recibió profilaxis anti trombótica. En el examen físico se encontró taquicardia, taquipnea y edema doloroso con eritema en pierna izquierda. Al existir alta sospecha de tromboembolia pulmonar se inició anticoagulación y se solicitó angiotomografía de tórax, con la cual fue posible confirmar el diagnóstico. Durante su evolución, la paciente experimentó signos de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, deterioro respiratorio. Se realizó tomografía de control sugestiva de infarto pulmonar infectado. Se inició antibiótico y la paciente mejoró de forma progresiva; después de esta mejora, fue dada de alta para continuar anticoagulación y seguimiento ambulatorios.Conclusiones: el infarto pulmonar es una complicación frecuente en pacientes con TEP. Por lo tanto, debe sospecharse infarto pulmonar infectado en pacientes con deterioro clínico y respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. La diferencia radiológica entre infarto pulmonar y neumonía no es fácil de identificar, su enfoque diagnóstico es clínico y el tratamiento anticoagulante y antimicrobiano debe iniciarse de manera oportuna.
Teoria do Erro: uma avaliação crítica
Authors: Rebello Jaime Parera
Published: October 2017

Entre as modernas teorias em Metaética a Teoria do Erro de John Mackie é uma das mais influentes. Isso não é acidental. A teoria de Mackie é nova, é interessante e está apoiada em argumentos claros e desafiadores. A despeito de tudo isso, aqui uma crítica às principais teses de Mackie será apresentada. Em primeiro lugar se sustentará que se o seu principal argumento, o argumento do caráter estranho, é tomado como aceitável, o que se segue não é a falsidade sistemática dos enunciados morais, como Mackie alega, mas algo diferente. Em segundo lugar, argumentar-se-á que o próprio argumento do caráter estranho não é aceitável. O resultado é uma rejeição dos pontos principais da teoria de Mackie.