bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The state of cancer care in Russia: breast cancer among the male population. Prevalence and survival of patients (Population study at the federal district level)
Authors: Мерабишвили Вахтанг
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer among the male population is extremely rare. The risk of this pathology among the male population is 129 times less than among the female population. The incidence in "rough" indicators correlates as 0.48 to 93.98 0/0000, a difference of 112 times, in standardized indicators 0.56 to 53.54 0/0000 or 97 times. Out of 21,871 cases of deaths from breast cancer in Russia, only 151 cases occur in the male population. The ratio of "crude" mortality rates among the male and female population is 0.22 and 27.61 0/0000, respectively, standardized - 0.14 and 13.59 0/0000, the difference between these indicators is also 97 times. Calculations of the probable risk of breast cancer should be calculated on the basis of standardized indicators that eliminate the difference in the age composition of the compared population groups.
The fact that the probability of the occurrence of breast cancer among the male population is a rare phenomenon is proved by the materials of the handbook prepared by the staff of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute. In 2019, no cases of breast cancer among the male population were registered in 35 administrative territories of Russia, and only 1 case was registered in 20 more territories.
The Population Cancer Registry created in the North-Western Federal District allows us to approach the assessment of the prevalence of breast cancer among the male population and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic measures carried out, as well as for other rarely occurring diseases, for example, such as heart, eye, thymus and other cancers.
Geology and Geoelectrical Appraisal of Panda and its Environs parts of Gitata Sheet 187NE North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Jatau B. S. , Adamu S. A. , Oleka A. B.
Published: July 2022

Geological mapping and Geophysical investigations were carried out in Panda and its environs, with the aim of studying the geology (rock types and their structural features; joints & fractures) and its groundwater potentials. The area is underlain by the Basement Complex rocks of the North Central Nigeria consisting of porphyritic granodiorite, migmatized-gneiss and mica schist. The structural features associated with rocks in the study area include; exfoliation, joints, fault, pegmatitic and quartz veins. Twenty eight (28) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out away from cultural interferences. Interpreted data shows a dominance of KH and H type curve. The quantitative and qualitative interpretations revealed weathered and fractured basement. Iso-resistivity of the true aquifer, depth to basement, basement resistivity and, piezometric maps were delineated. Out of the twenty eight VES,only areas within the center of the study area (Kuban SE, Tanga North, Panda market, Jababe, Idur West, Idur and MusheJaba) have been delineated as the most viable locations for good water potentials due to the resistivity value of the rock materials (fractured and weathered basement) around those areas (50Ωm - 200Ωm) and some of the structural features (fractures, joints and faults) which serves as secondary reservoir for groundwater on account of their low resistivity values due to the high conductivity of groundwater that occupies the voids and fissures of the rock. The potential for groundwater in the study area are moderate at AngwanKwaro, AngwanMaje, and Chandap North, Kukuri area where depth to basement is shallow and occupied by fresh basement rocks (porphyritic granodiorite). While the least expected yield lies in AngwanPaa North and GidanSarki North. The two types of aquifer in the study area are weathered basement and fractured basement. This study will serve as guide for groundwater exploration and development in the study area.
Communicative practices of the retail space: evolution and types
Authors: Chaplya Tatiana V.
Published: July 2022

The paper provides analysis of communicative practices that arise in the trading space from antiquity to the present. The exchange of goods and products has commutative nature, and is the basis of society formation and existence. The methodological basis was informed by G. Simmel's concepts of social space and its evolution, P. Bourdieu's theory of habitus, the theory of distancing of the Chicago school, P. Sorokin's social hierarchy, as well as the concept of zoning by E. Giddens and “presentation of self in everyday life” by E. Goffman. The author comes to conclusion that the evolution of communicative practices has witnessed different shifts from the direct interpersonal interaction inherent in the first trading spaces — open markets of antiquity, the Middle Ages and flea markets of our time, within the public space; — to interpersonal direct interaction within the framework of medieval private shops and small shops emerging in separate urban areas, where trade is based on close relationships and personal acquaintance between the seller and the buyer; — to impersonal mediated interaction in retail spaces, from the second half of the 19th century to the present, when the seller's personality fades into the background and becomes invisible. Communication takes place with things, shop windows, counters, and the moments of visiting stores are aimed not only at making a purchase, but also for entertainment, walks and games.
Numerical Study of Subaortic Stenosis and Pannus Formation on Blood Flow Around Mechanical Heart Valves
Authors: Aolin Chen  , Adi Azriff Basri  , Norzian Ismail  , Di Zhu  , Kamarul Arifin Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Patients after mechanical heart valve implantation are prone to complications. Mechanical heart valve obstruction is a rare but life-threatening complication. Obstruction may include thrombosis, pannus formation around the valve, or both. However, the relationship between thrombus and pannus and mechanical heart valve hemodynamics has not been thoroughly studied. We studied the fluid dynamics of thrombus and pannus formation through numerical simulations and provided detailed information about the interaction between complications and related prosthetic valves so that complications can be detected early. Studies have shown that the formation of thrombus and pannus leads to significant changes in the peak transvalvular velocity of the artificial valve, the transvalvular pressure gradient, and the corresponding hemodynamic indicators. As the height of the thrombus and pannus increases, the jet velocity and transvalvular pressure gradient will increase accordingly. When obstruction exceeds 20%, the impact increases significantly under the same percentage of obstacles. When the obstruction percentage is over 30%, the rest at least doubled. The results also indicate that SAS obstruction has the most significant impact on the blood flow of MHV. At the same time, it should be noted that when SAS and pannus are combined, the ring form vortex in front of the pannus has a potential risk of accelerating the deterioration of the pannus.
Performance Improvement of The Radiant Cooling Panel Using Pressure-Vacuum Swing Adsorption with A Solid Desiccant Dehumidification
Authors: Visit Eakvanich  , Panya Dangwilailux  , Juntakan Taweekun
Published: July 2022

A growing environmental Impact of global warming and rapidly increasing cost of the electrical energy cause researchers in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning to develop the sustainable cooling technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate and design a radiant cooling panel with solid desiccant dehumidifier which was suitable for tropical climate to achieve thermal comfort. The influence of an interior ventilation fan to thermal comfort assessment was also examined. The designed system with CFD (Computation fluid dynamics) simulation used ANSYS software to compare with the measured data. The total area of the ceiling and wall radiant cooling panels were 16.83 m2 and 16.32 m2 with 26.28 L/min of supplied water by the cooling tower. The solid desiccant dehumidifier was the pressure-vacuum swing adsorption technology with containing 20 kg of silica-gel. The flow rate of supply air was approximately 90 kg/h. The results indicated that the PMV (Predicted mean voted) could be improving with the uses of cooling panel with dehumidifier during the day. The lower temperature and humidity ratio can improve thermal comfort. The patterns of temperature, the relative humidity and the PMV from CFD simulation were in the same agreement with the experimental results. In the case of the ventilation fan installed in the radiant cooling panel with dehumidifier, the average value of predicted mean vote was -0.2. Consequently, the PPD (Predicted percentage dissatisfied) was reduced to 6.2%. The daily electric power consumption was 5.94 kWh which was lower than the conventional air conditioning system about 16.27%.
Performance Analysis of PV/T-TEC Collector for The Tropical Climate Conditions of Indonesia
Authors: Amrizal  , Amrul  , Warih Winardi  , Joko Prasetyo  , Muhammad Irsyad
Published: July 2022

A photovoltaic (PV) collector converts sunlight directly into electrical energy about 20% while the rest is wasted as heat energy. This heat energy increases the operating temperature of the PV collector which has negative impacts on the semiconductor material and electricity production. Concerning the issue, the PV collector is then integrated by both the finned absorber and Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) modules which is known as a PV/T-TEC collector. This study aims to determine the performance of the PV/T-TEC collector based on the tropical climate condition in Bandarlampung, Indonesia (latitude 5°27΄S and longitude 105°16΄E). Furthermore, the finned absorber and TEC modules are attached underneath the PV collector surface to act as a heat sink. Air as a working fluid was specifically passed through the PV/T-TEC collector to absorb the unused waste heat. Thus, the irradiation level and air mass flow rate are varied in the range of 700-1000 W/m2 and 0.0075-0.075 kg/s, respectively. Based on data obtained from the experimental tests, the highest values of the thermal and electrical efficiency are found to be 26.3 % and 9.8 %, respectively. The temperature difference between the two sides of the TEC is found to be less than 2.2 oC and there is a 0.3% increase in the total electric power generated from the TEC modules which cover 12% of the PV collector surface.
Effect of Blood Perfusion on Temperature Distribution in the Multilayer of the Human Body with Interstitial Hyperthermia Treatment for Tumour Therapy
Authors: Slamet Wahyudi  , Nanda Raihan Vardiansyah  , Putu Hadi Setyorini
Published: July 2022

Blood perfusion is defined as the volume of blood flowing through units of tissue volume per second. In thermoregulation, blood perfusion is a factor that affects heat transfer in the body, the greater the rate of blood perfusion will complicate the distribution of temperature throughout the body. In the study of bioheat transfer, heat transfer in the human body can be used as a therapy. At therapeutic temperatures (above 40°C), cells will die and stop their growth or commonly called hyperthermia therapy. It can allow thermonecrosis in body tissues and can be useful for tumour tissue. Of the various types of hyperthermia therapy, interstitial hyperthermia therapy is considered more effective because heat is directly delivered to tumour tissue to minimize other tissues exposed to therapeutic temperatures. Currently, there are no studies that study the effect of blood perfusion on the treatment of interstitial hyperthermia, even though blood perfusion greatly affects the temperature distribution in the human body/ In this study, heat transfer analysis will be performed on five layers of the human body, namely the epidermis, dermis, fat, muscle, and bones with interstitial application of hyperthermia therapy and affected by blood perfusion with a value of (8x10-4; 4x10-4; 2x10-4; 1x10-3; and 2x10-3)/s completed using finite element method with unsteady conditions in two axial dimensions. The part of the tumour studied is a tumour in the arm (forearm) in the span of 600s. This study shows that blood perfusion affects the value of temperature distribution in five layers of the body in unsteady conditions. The greater the value of blood perfusion flowing in the body, the more difficult the temperature will be to transmit because the blood distributes heat throughout the body faster, the difference between blood perfusion values is quite significant.
3-Dimensional CFD Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Performance of a New Diffuser and Wind Channel for a Micro Wind Turbine
Authors: Zeinab Darvishi  , Gholamhassan Najafi  , Barat Ghobadian  , Nor Azwadi Bin Che Sidik  , Rizalman Mamat  , Mohd Fairusham Ghazali  , Seyed Salar Hoseini
Published: July 2022

Producing electricity from waste energies has been introduced as a useful approach in moving towards stability. Therefore, in the current study a new wind channel has been designed and fabricated to convert created airflow resulting from automobiles movement on the highways to electricity. This channel is fabricated to guide airflow from automobiles movement inside the same directed channel and towards a microturbine located at the bottom of the wind channel. To uniform the airflow inside the channel, a new diffuser has been designed and fabricated. The diffuser minimizes airflow turbulence in a part of the channel where microturbine is located. The maximum velocity is obtained in the horizontal distance is 1.9 m, the vertical distance is 0.95 m, and the angle is 45° according to automobiles' movement. This study also studied fluid behavior through the channel using 3-Dimensional CFD simulation technique and the best type of channel and diffuser fabricated based on numerical results. According to the numerical simulation results, the velocity of wind in channel venturi is 3.9 times more than the channel entrance velocity. As a result of numerical analysis and experimental investigation, by using the new diffuser and the new fabricated wind channel, the wind velocity between blades of the microturbine is 4.5 times more than the inlet velocity of the wind channel.
Influence of Injection Rate and Oil Viscosity on Viscous Fingering – Simulation Prediction
Authors: Abdul Afiq Abdul Aziz  , Nadiahnor Md Yusop  , Noraishah Othman
Published: July 2022

Waterflooding is a secondary oil recovery process that commonly utilized. However, there are several factors affecting the efficiency of water-flooding. Current research focused on the effects of injection rate and oil viscosity on the waterflooding efficiency. Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) is utilized to predict the effect of the injection rate and oil viscosity towards waterflooding. Volume of fluid (VOF) and Realizable k- ɛ models are utilized in this research. Ergun’s equation also utilized in this research for estimation of permeability and inertial loss within the porous medium. The research found viscous fingering occurred when the mobility ratio is more than unity and instability number, Ni > 1000. The phenomenon of viscous fingering is directly affected by injection rate and viscosity ratio. The phenomenon directly affects directly sweep efficiency during waterflooding process thus affecting oil recovery process. The research found as injection rate and viscosity ratio increase; viscous fingering predominantly seen within the porous medium.
Numerical Investigations about Flow Resistance Values for Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler
Authors: Onkar Joshi  , Mandar Tendolkar
Published: July 2022

Pulse tube cryocoolers are extensively used for space application because of simplicity and reliability in operation. Many researchers have attempted the numerical analysis of the oscillatory flow inside the cryocooler, however, the precise predictions of the exact behavior of the gas inside the cryocooler using CFD has not yet been reported. While performing the CFD analysis of cryocooler, the values of inertial and viscous resistance coefficients play vital role and highly contributes to the pressure drop taking place in porous media. The prime objective of present work is to analyze the effect of these resistance values on performance of cryocooler. A single stage Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler model from literature is employed to perform the CFD analysis and the results obtained from the analysis are validated to ensure that methodology used for analysis is correct. The resistance values mentioned in the literature are applicable for steady and unidirectional flows. The model is further modified for the values of resistances for oscillating flow at room temperature and oscillating flow at cryogenic temperature. It is observed that performance predictions for oscillating flow at cryogenic temperature resistance values yields substantially lower temperature than all other cases. As experimental validation of this model is still not reported in literature, the reliability of accurate resistance values is not confirmed. Hence, another model of single stage Stirling type pulse tube cryocooler from literature is numerically analyzed for various operating conditions and is compared with its experimental performance, and found to be in fair agreement.
Business Strategy, Overconfidence and Real-Based Earnings Management to Avoid Losses
Authors:   Academic Society of Global Business Administration, Kim Jin Soo , Kim Young Chul
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between management strategy, manager's overconfidence and real earnings management decision-making under the earning management motive to avoid deficit, which Burgstahler and Dichev (1997) mentioned as an important profit reference point.
The analysis results are as follows. First, it is verified that companies pursuing a leading management strategy are more actively carrying out real earnings management to avoid losses than analytical or defensive companies. This can be interpreted as the fact that companies pursuing a leading management strategy with a large amount of resources available for real earnings management, such as investment scale, are performing real earnings management in a situation to avoid losses than those that do not. Second, if the managers of companies implementing leading management strategies have a tendency to overconfidence, it appears that they are more actively carrying out real earnings management to avoid losses than those that do not. This means that when managers of companies adopting leading management strategies are overconfident, they underestimate the negative effects of real earnings management, so they are actively using real earnings management.
It is expected that this study will be able to suggest to researchers that differentiated real earnings management preference can occur depending on business strategy and earnings management incentives. In addition, it is expected that it can be a basis for the management strategy to have a dominant effect on corporate decision-making rather than the manager's tendency.
Precise Positions of Five Major Uranian Satellites During 2008–2014 Based on Gaia EDR3*
Authors: Zhang H. Y. , Qiao R. C. , Yu Y. , Yan D. , Cheng X. , Tang K. , Mao Y. D.
Published: July 2022

The five major Uranian satellites (Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, and Miranda) were observed by a 1.56 m telescope at Sheshan Station of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory during 2008–2014 and a total of 1915 positions of these five satellites were presented in this paper. Since all five satellites are close to Uranus, their positions are affected by the uneven background, which is caused by the halo of Uranus. The median filtering method is used to remove the influence of the halo of the bright Uranus, which also made the rate of target detection increase by 30%–100%, especially for Miranda. Gaia EDR3 is used as the reference catalog when calculating positions of the five satellites. A comparison between our positions with the theoretical positions of the satellites from IMCCE is given. Such precise positions over a long time will be very helpful to improve the orbit parameters of the five major Uranian satellites.
LoVoCCS. I. Survey Introduction, Data Processing Pipeline, and Early Science Results
Authors: Fu Shenming , Dell’Antonio Ian , Chary Ranga-Ram , Clowe Douglas , Cooper M. C. , Donahue Megan , Evrard August , Lacy Mark , Lauer Tod , Liu Binyang , McCleary Jacqueline , Meneghetti Massimo , Miyatake Hironao , Montes Mireia , Natarajan Priyamvada , Ntampaka Michelle , Pierpaoli Elena , Postman Marc , Sohn Jubee , Umetsu Keiichi , Utsumi Yousuke , Wilson Gillian
Published: July 2022

We present the Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey (LoVoCCS; we pronounce it as “low-vox” or “law-vox,” with stress on the second syllable), an NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory survey program that uses the Dark Energy Camera to map the dark matter distribution and galaxy population in 107 nearby (0.03 < z < 0.12) X-ray luminous ([0.1–2.4 keV] L
X500 > 1044 erg s−1) galaxy clusters that are not obscured by the Milky Way. The survey will reach Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Year 1–2 depth (for galaxies r = 24.5, i = 24.0, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 20; u = 24.7, g = 25.3, z = 23.8, S/N > 10) and conclude in ∼2023 (coincident with the beginning of LSST science operations), and will serve as a zeroth-year template for LSST transient studies. We process the data using the LSST Science Pipelines that include state-of-the-art algorithms and analyze the results using our own pipelines, and therefore the catalogs and analysis tools will be compatible with the LSST. We demonstrate the use and performance of our pipeline using three X-ray luminous and observation-time complete LoVoCCS clusters: A3911, A3921, and A85. A3911 and A3921 have not been well studied previously by weak lensing, and we obtain similar lensing analysis results for A85 to previous studies. (We mainly use A3911 to show our pipeline and give more examples in the Appendix.)
New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the 2019 July 2 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Samra Jenna E. , Madsen Chad A. , Cheimets Peter , DeLuca Edward E. , Golub Leon , Marquez Vanessa , Reyes Naylynn Tañón
Published: July 2022

The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) was commissioned during the 2017 total solar eclipse, when it observed five infrared coronal emission lines from a Gulfstream V research jet owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The second AIR-Spec research flight took place during the 2019 July 2 total solar eclipse across the south Pacific. The 2019 eclipse flight resulted in seven minutes of observations, during which the instrument measured all four of its target emission lines: S xi 1.393 μm, Si x 1.431 μm, S xi 1.921 μm, and Fe ix 2.853 μm. The 1.393 μm S xi line was detected for the first time, and probable first detections were made of Si xi 1.934 μm and Fe x 1.947 μm. The 2017 AIR-Spec detection of Fe ix was confirmed and the first observations were made of the Fe ix line intensity as a function of solar radius. Telluric absorption features were used to calibrate the wavelength mapping, instrumental broadening, and throughput of the instrument. AIR-Spec underwent significant upgrades in preparation for the 2019 eclipse observation. The thermal background was reduced by a factor of 30, providing a 5.5× improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and the postprocessed pointing stability was improved by a factor of 5 to <10″ rms. In addition, two imaging artifacts were identified and resolved, improving the spectral resolution and making the 2019 data easier to interpret.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: How the Stellar Populations of Passive Central Galaxies Depend on Stellar and Halo Mass
Authors: Oyarzún Grecco A. , Bundy Kevin , Westfall Kyle B. , Tinker Jeremy L. , Belfiore Francesco , Argudo-Fernández Maria , Zheng Zheng , Conroy Charlie , Masters Karen L. , Wake David , Law David R. , McDermid Richard M. , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Parikh Taniya , Yan Renbin , Bershady Matthew , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Andrews Brett H. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Lane Richard R. , Bizyaev D. , Boardman Nicholas Fraser , Lacerna Ivan , Brownstein J. R. , Drory Niv , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2022

We analyze spatially resolved and co-added SDSS-IV MaNGA spectra with signal-to-noise ratio ∼100 from 2200 passive central galaxies (z ∼ 0.05) to understand how central galaxy assembly depends on stellar mass (M
*) and halo mass (M

h
). We control for systematic errors in M

h
by employing a new group catalog from Tinker and the widely used Yang et al. catalog. At fixed M
*, the strengths of several stellar absorption features vary systematically with M

h
. Completely model-free, this is one of the first indications that the stellar populations of centrals with identical M
* are affected by the properties of their host halos. To interpret these variations, we applied full spectral fitting with the code alf. At fixed M
*, centrals in more massive halos are older, show lower [Fe/H], and have higher [Mg/Fe] with 3.5σ confidence. We conclude that halos not only dictate how much M
* galaxies assemble but also modulate their chemical enrichment histories. Turning to our analysis at fixed M

h
, high-M
* centrals are older, show lower [Fe/H], and have higher [Mg/Fe] for M

h
> 1012
h
−1
M
⊙ with confidence >4σ. While massive passive galaxies are thought to form early and rapidly, our results are among the first to distinguish these trends at fixed M

h
. They suggest that high-M
* centrals experienced unique early formation histories, either through enhanced collapse and gas fueling or because their halos were early forming and highly concentrated, a possible signal of galaxy assembly bias.
Electron-to-ion Bulk Speed Ratio as a Parameter Reflecting the Occurrence of Strong Electron-dominated Current Sheets in the Solar Wind
Authors: Khabarova Olga , Büchner Jörg , Jain Neeraj , Sagitov Timothy , Malova Helmi , Kislov Roman
Published: July 2022

Current sheets (CSs) are preferred sites of magnetic reconnection and energy dissipation in astrophysical plasmas. Electric currents in them may be carried by both electrons and ions. In our prior theoretical studies of the CS formation in turbulent plasmas, we utilized fully kinetic and hybrid code simulations with ions considered as particles and electrons—as a massless fluid. We found that electron-dominated CSs in which electrons become the main carriers of the electric current and contributors to energy dissipation may form inside or nearby ion-dominated CSs. These structures represent a distinguished type of CSs and should not be mixed up with so-called electron-scale CSs. Current simulations show that such CSs are characterized by the electron-to-ion bulk speed ratio (u

e
/u

i
) increases that can be seen at ion scales according to theoretical predictions and high-resolution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. Therefore, applying the u

e
/u

i
parameter to the solar wind data may allow locating the strongest electron-dominated CSs with an ordinary spacecraft resolution of 1−3 s. This study shows that, indeed, electron-dominated CSs observed during a period of quiet solar wind conditions at 1 au impact the surrounding plasma, which may be reflected in sharp changes of u

e
/u

i
. Electron-dominated CSs are found to be localized in the vicinity of ion-dominated CSs identified via changes in the magnetic field and plasma parameters, displaying the same clustering. We conclude that u

e
/u

i
may be used as one of the key parameters for statistical studies of CSs in the solar wind and analyzing the role of electrons in them.
A Model of Double Coronal Hard X-Ray Sources in Solar Flares
Authors: Kong Xiangliang , Ye Jing , Chen Bin , Guo Fan , Shen Chengcai , Li Xiaocan , Yu Sijie , Chen Yao , Giacalone Joe
Published: July 2022

A number of double coronal X-ray sources have been observed during solar flares by RHESSI, where the two sources reside at different sides of the inferred reconnection site. However, where and how these X-ray-emitting electrons are accelerated remains unclear. Here we present the first model of the double coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources, where electrons are accelerated by a pair of termination shocks driven by bidirectional fast reconnection outflows. We model the acceleration and transport of electrons in the flare region by numerically solving the Parker transport equation using velocity and magnetic fields from the macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a flux rope eruption. We show that electrons can be efficiently accelerated by the termination shocks and high-energy electrons mainly concentrate around the two shocks. The synthetic HXR emission images display two distinct sources extending to >100 keV below and above the reconnection region, with the upper source much fainter than the lower one. The HXR energy spectra of the two coronal sources show similar spectral slopes, consistent with the observations. Our simulation results suggest that the flare termination shock can be a promising particle acceleration mechanism in explaining the double-source nonthermal emissions in solar flares.
An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing
Authors: Lam Casey Y. , Lu Jessica R. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian , Bennett David P. , Skowron Jan , Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radek , Sumi Takahiro , Szymański Michał K. , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Soszyński Igor , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Miyazaki Shota , Suzuki Daisuke , Koshimoto Naoki , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Hosek Matthew W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fukui Akihiko , Fujii Hirosane , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Okamura Arisa , Satoh Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Toda Taiga , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Abrams Natasha S. , Agarwal Shrihan , Rose Sam , Terry Sean K.
Published: July 2022

We present the analysis of five black hole candidates identified from gravitational microlensing surveys. Hubble Space Telescope astrometric data and densely sampled light curves from ground-based microlensing surveys are fit with a single-source, single-lens microlensing model in order to measure the mass and luminosity of each lens and determine if it is a black hole. One of the five targets (OGLE-2011-BLG-0462/MOA-2011-BLG-191 or OB110462 for short) shows a significant >1 mas coherent astrometric shift, little to no lens flux, and has an inferred lens mass of 1.6–4.4 M
⊙. This makes OB110462 the first definitive discovery of a compact object through astrometric microlensing and it is most likely either a neutron star or a low-mass black hole. This compact-object lens is relatively nearby (0.70–1.92 kpc) and has a slow transverse motion of <30 km s−1. OB110462 shows significant tension between models well fit to photometry versus astrometry, making it currently difficult to distinguish between a neutron star and a black hole. Additional observations and modeling with more complex system geometries, such as binary sources, are needed to resolve the puzzling nature of this object. For the remaining four candidates, the lens masses are <2M
⊙, and they are unlikely to be black holes; two of the four are likely white dwarfs or neutron stars. We compare the full sample of five candidates to theoretical expectations on the number of black holes in the Milky Way (∼108) and find reasonable agreement given the small sample size.
Faint Debris Disk Peering through the Superflare Light Echo
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Kamizuka Takafumi
Published: July 2022

We present the detectability of strong mid-infrared (MIR) light echoes from faint debris disks illuminated by bright superflares of M-dwarf stars. Circumstellar dust grains around an M-dwarf star are simultaneously heated by superflare radiation. One can thus expect their re-emission in the MIR wavelength regime. According to our model calculations for the Proxima Centauri system, the nearest M-dwarf star system, thermal emission echoes from an inner (r < 1 au) debris disk with a total mass down to that of the solar system’s zodiacal dust are expected to emerge at wavelengths longer than ∼10 μm with a strength comparable to or greater than a white-light superflare. Also, observable echoes from inner- (r ≲ 0.5 au) debris disks irradiated by energetic ( ≳1033.5 erg) superflares of nearby (D < 3 pc) M dwarfs are expected. Our simulation results indicate that superflare monitoring using high-speed optical instruments like OASES and its prompt follow-up using ground-based MIR instruments, such as TAO/MIMIZUKU, can detect these MIR light echoes from debris disks around solar neighborhood flare stars.
Formation of Vitreous Salt Hydrates Under Conditions Relevant to Europa
Authors: Johnson Paul V. , Vu Tuan H.
Published: July 2022

Technologies are being developed to enable a robotic spacecraft to directly access Europa’s ocean by penetrating its kilometers-thick ice crust. Until such time comes, however, our ability to characterize it will be limited to observations of its expression on the surface. Further, the ability to place meaningful constraints on the composition of the source brines will depend on our understanding of the chemistry associated with their freezing and emplacement. Among the body of research focused on improving this understanding, recent laboratory studies have shown that Mg-bearing salts, previously proposed as constituents of Europa’s surface, have a propensity to form vitreous hydrates when flash frozen from their parent brines. The possibility that such vitreous species could form on Europa is important as their presence will be a confounding factor in their detection and identification of the underlying salt hydrates. Further, since glass formation can protect biological molecules and even microorganisms from damage caused by crystallization, they may prove to be important targets of astrobiological interest. This work explores the conditions under which vitreous salt hydrates form in order to better assess their potential for forming on Europa. Specifically, solutions of Mg- and Na-bearing salts were frozen over a range of freezing rates and interrogated with Raman spectroscopy to determine whether vitreous or crystalline species (including hydration state) formed. These results show that vitreous salt hydrates can form at freezing rates as low as ∼10 K minute−1, thus expanding their potential for occurrence on Europa beyond extreme flash-freezing scenarios such as plume deposition.
COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, outpatients, and deaths in Mexico by ethnicity and state-level income
Authors: Ronquillo De Jesús Elba , Suárez Víctor , López-Perea Patricia , Suárez Quezada Monserrat , Von Borries-Medrano Erich
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Mexico is one of the countries that is most affected by mortality due to COVID-19. Once infected, the indigenous population living in the lower-income states had worse outcomes. Our objectives were to analyze outcomes by ethnic group, and determine the association between state-level income and the incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and death rates per 100,000 population.

Methodology: We analyzed 1,037,567 confirmed COVID-positive cases from February 29 to November 13, 2020 recorded in the Mexican COVID-19 cases database. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed. Data was allocated according to the state where the patients were treated. Statistical association between age-adjusted incidence and death rates with state-level GDP per capita (as a measure of income), were ascertained using Spearman correlations. Kruskal-Wallis tests examine the association of cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and death rates, with income quartiles. When significant, a follow-up analysis (Mann-Whitney) was conducted.

Results: Respective cumulative incidence rates and death rates were: 900.3 (non-indigenous) and 94.4 (indigenous), and 87.1 (non-indigenous) and 13.9 (indigenous). Spearman correlation coefficients of income with age-standardized incidence and death rates were 0.657 and 0.607 (p < 0.001 for both). Kruskal-Wallis H-Values indicate significant median differences by income in total population rates: cumulative incidence 13.47 (p < 0.01), hospitalizations 11.67 (p < 0.01), outpatients 12.86 (p < 0.01), and deaths 8.92 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and mortality rates presented a reversed socioeconomic status health gradient in Mexico. Less adverse outcomes were observed in the lowest-income states compared to higher-income states.
Analysis of COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in a pandemic hospital
Authors: Ay Nurettin , Danış Ramazan , Kılıç Jehat , Deniz Altıntaş Derya
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The mortality rate for any infection is often higher in patients with a kidney transplant (KT) and hemodialysis (HD), which may also be the case in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methodology: In this study, the demographic, clinic, laboratory, and radiologic signs of KT and HD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 were evaluated prospectively. 

Results:In the present study, 72 HD (median age, 57.5 Q1-Q3:43-65; female: 36/50%) and 58 KT patients (median age, 44.5 Q1-Q3:28.75-55.25; female: 21/36.2%) with COVID-19 infection were enrolled. Fifteen patients with HD (20.8%) died. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal hemoglobin levels, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, and procalcitonin were significant in the univariate analysis of survival in patients with HD. However, only age was significant in the Cox-regression analysis [Hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI 1.070 (19.016-1.126)]. Nine (15.5%) KT patients died. The median time from symptoms onset to admission was three days (2-5). This rate was two (2-3) and five (4-5.75) days, respectively, for patients followed up in our center and the external centers (p < 0.001). Although age, DM, shortness of breath, bilateral involvement in CT images, abnormal levels of CRP, urea, leukocyte count, ferritin, and follow-ups of patients from the external center were significant in the univariate analysis of survival in patients with KT, no variables were significant in the cox-regression analysis.

Conclusions: Increased mortality is expected in both HD and KT patients. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 in those patients with COVID-19 infection can be life-saving.
Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in hallux ulceration
Authors: Delvallez Gauthier , Badell Edgar , Cheng Sokleaph , Meng Soda , Tong Vivandet , Norman Judy , Toubiana Julie , Vandelannoote Koen , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Hide Mallorie , Brisse Sylvain
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes classical diphtheria. Skin infections by toxigenic or non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae are prevalent in the tropics but are rarely reported.

Case presentation: We report the identification of a non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (biovar Gravis) isolate in a 52-year-old Cambodian male. The patient presented purulent and non-healing ulcerations on the right hallux. The wound has healed after 7 days of antibiotic therapy with a favourable outcome.

Conclusions: This case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Cambodia in the last 10 years, and highlights the lack of diagnosis and notifications of diphtheria. It is important to raise awareness among clinicians and to set up diphtheria surveillance in Cambodia.
Clinical and Radiographical Evaluation of Non-syndromic Dental Anomalies in Turkish Children
Authors: Karataban Pinar Kiymet , Zorlu Sevgi , Ozdas Didem Oner
Published: July 2022

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of non-syndromic developmental dental anomalies in Turkish children in different age groups.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A sample of 516 children aged 3–17 years who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Istanbul Aydin University were evaluated clinically and radiographically for the existence of any structural, shape, and number anomalies of the developing dentition, and the most prevalent anomalies were compared according to gender and age groups.

RESULTS: The most observed dental anomaly was Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and tooth agenesis by a percentage of 14.3% and 4.8%, respectively. The incidence of MIH was higher in 7–8 and 9–10 years of age groups. There were no anomalies detected in 361 (70%) of the patients; meanwhile, only one anomaly was observed in 110 (21.3%), two different anomalies at the same time were observed in 33 (6.4%), and more than two anomalies were observed in 12 (2.3%) in the study group.

STATISTICS: The statistical analysis of the results was obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Inc USA) program. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Although there are no known systemic disturbances, at least, one dental anomaly was observed in 21.3% of the children. The most observed anomalies were MIH and tooth agenesis. An increase in the MIH prevalence throughout the world may lead to the suggestion that more investigations should be made on environmental predisposing factors. Besides, there might be common genetic factors and genes (PAX9, AXIN2, MSX1) affecting both tooth development and tumor formation which may be a potential risk marker for future cancer development.
Strength of Polyether Ether Ketone Composite as a Major Connector Material for Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Elsayed Sherif , Sherief Dalia Ibrahim , Selim Mohamed Mohamed , Alian Ghada Atef
Published: July 2022

PEEK composite was tested mechanically as a maxillary removable partial denture (RPD) framework material instead of cast cobalt chromium alloy. Methods: Partial edentulous upper jaw cast was scanned using structured-light 3D scanner, palatal strap (PS) designs for RPD were designed by a designing dental laboratory software. CAD/CAM machine fabricated PSs patterns using their designs’ STL software files. PSs were made from poly-ether-ether ketone (PEEK) reinforced by ceramic fillers using thermal injection press technique and Co-Cr alloy using centrifugal casting, each material group was subdivided into two subgroups according to storage conditions (stored and non-stored subgroups), storage took place in deionized water for about 180 days at 37.5 ± 2 o C. All specimens were subjected to fracture resistance test using universal testing machine then maximum compression load (MCL) result values were subjected to statistical analysis. PEEK composite specimens were scanned by field emission microscope (FEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Storage water of PEEK composite was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results: In either stored or non-stored subgroups of PEEK composite straps they showed significant lower mean MCL values than corresponding alloy subgroups (p=0.0001). FEM scanning showed fillers agglomerations in non-stored PEEK composite and their nearly absence from stored PEEK composite specimens. AAS detected Al element in PEEK composite storage water. Conclusion: Mechanically thermally injected ceramic reinforced PEEK composite could not replace cast Co-Cr alloy as PSs material for maxillary RPD. Biocompatibility concerns raised in this study due to suspected Al leaching and ceramic fillers dissolution from PEEK composite matrix.
The Immunogenicity and Safety of Influenza Vaccines among Indonesian Older adult
Authors: Dwipa Lazuardhi , Usman Stefanie Yuliana , Rakhimullah Alif Bagus , Mutyara Kuswandewi , Indrati Agnes Rengga , Atik Nur , Muliasari Rini , Kartasasmita Cissy
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Immunosenescence, frailty, sarcopenia, and Vitamin D deficiency were thought of having a negative influence on adequate immune response following vaccination. Epidemiological data related to influenza vaccination and its immunogenicity and safety in Indonesia are still scarce.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of the influenza vaccine in older adults in Indonesia and common related conditions.

METHODS: This study was a one-group, pre-test, post-test, quasi-experimental study. The vaccine used was a trivalent type. Immunogenicity was assessed according to rate of seropositivity and seroconversion based on hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer. Immunization safety was assessed according to adverse events following immunization (AEFI).

RESULTS: A total of 227 subjects were involved in this study. Antibody titers were significantly increased after 28-day influenza vaccination for all strains (p < 0.001). Seropositive rate in 28-day post-vaccination for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B was 98.7%, 99.1%, and 97.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the seroconversion rate for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B strains was 54.2%, 66.1%, and 60.4%, respectively. The conditions of the frailty status, sarcopenia, and Vitamin D level were not associated with either seroconversion or seropositive status, both at baseline and endpoint. AEFI was occurred on seven subjects (3.08%) with pain at the injection site and one subject (0.44%) with arm tenderness.

CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination showed adequate immune response and safety regardless of the frailty status, sarcopenia, or Vitamin D level. This result strengthened the importance of influenza vaccine administration in Indonesia older adults.
Continuous Unilateral Erector Spinae Plane Block versus Intravenous Analgesia in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoan Duong Thi , Hung Duong Duc , Dat Pham Quoc , Tu Nguyen Huu
Published: July 2022

Objectives: the study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of anesthesia under the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). Methods: a prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out in 56 adult patients who underwent MICS via a right thoracic incision at Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: ESPB and conventional analgesia (intravenousmorphine patient-controlled analgesia, PCA). Patients in ESPB group received ultrasound-guided unilateral ESPB at the T4/T5 transverse process level, and the tip of the catheter was advanced 5cm beyond the tip of the needle; injected with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5%. At the cardiac ICU, patients received paracetamol (1g every 6 hours), continuous infusion ropivacaine 0.1% 0.2ml/kg/hour. Patients in the PCA group received paracetamol (1g every 6 hours) and intravenous morphine PCA. All patients were followed for 72 hours after being extubated. Results: the resting VAS score was significantly lower in ESPB group at the time H4, H8, H12, H16, H36, H42, H48, H54, H60, H66 after extubated compared to that of the PCA group (p< 0.05). The dynamic VAS score at was also significantly lower in the ESPB group at all measured time points (p<0.05). Only 4 patients in the ESPB group required intravenous morphine PCA with the mean amount morphine were statistically lower in the ESPB group compared to the PCA group at 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours postoperative. No serious adverse events such as neurological complications, bleeding or infection were observed in both groups. Conclusion: ESPB is an effective analgesic for MICS via thoracic incision in reducing the VAS score and the morphine required. It is also a safe method with no severe ESPB-related complications.