bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porcelain Ceramic Tile Manufactured with the Addition of Hydroxyapatite in Ceramic Formulations
Authors: Avelino Flávio Pessoa , de Araujo Wendel Melo Prudêncio , Lima Soares Roberto Arruda , Peña-Garcia Ramon , Lobo Anderson O.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we developed formulations of a clay, kaolin, quartz, talc, and feldspar ceramic coating as a standard formulation, with the addition of Hap to improve the mechanical characteristics of the final product. The addition of Hap will help to fill the gaps in the formulation. Furthermore, it could lower the sintering temperature due to the high presence of calcium oxide in its composition. The main mineralogical phases (mullite, quartz, and anorthite) were identified in the sintered samples by X-ray diffraction. After evaluating the physical–mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, and resistance to flexion), the incorporation of Hap (5% in weight, 10% in weight, and 20% in weight) significantly altered the physical and mechanical properties of the final product, where we obtained, in relation to the standard formulation, an increase of more than 15% in mechanical resistance.
The Effect of the Addition of Eggshell Residues in Mass Formulation for Ceramic Coating
Authors: Avelino Flávio Pessoa , Soares Roberto Arruda Lima , Peña-Garcia Ramón Raudel , Lobo Anderson O.
Published: August 2023

In this study, we developed formulations of a ceramic coating from clay, kaolin, quartz, talc and feldspar as a standard formulation with the addition of eggshell residue to improve the mechanical characteristics of the product. The addition of eggshell residue is justified as it will contribute to filling the formulation’s interstices. It would also help decrease the sintering temperature due to the high presence of calcium oxide in its composition. Samples with the ceramic coating (45% by weight of feldspar; 30% by weight of clay; 15% by weight of kaolin; 7% by weight of quartz; 3% by weight of talc; and additions of 5%, 10% and 20% by weight of eggshell residue) were pressed uniaxially at 70 MPa for 30 s; dried at 110 °C for 24 h; and sintered at 1000 °C, 1100 °C and 1200 °C. The main mineralogical phases (microcline, mullite, quartz and anorthite) of the sintered samples were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). After evaluating the physical-mechanical properties (water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent porosity and resistance to flexion), it was observed that the incorporation of eggshell residue (5%, 10% and 20%) resulted in a significant loss of the desired physical and mechanical properties. A loss of over 50% of mechanical strength was obtained.
Redox Conditions of the Late Ediacaran Ocean on the Southern Margin of the North China Craton
Authors: Yang Jie , Jin Wei , Wang Guodong , Wan Le , Zeng Zuoxun
Published: August 2023

Previous studies have revealed dynamic and complex redox conditions of the late Ediacaran ocean. Integrated analyses of Ediacaran successions on different continents can help to better understand global ocean redox conditions. In this study, we used iron and redox-sensitive trace elements (RSTEs) geochemical analyses to present the detailed redox conditions of the late Ediacaran Dongpo Formation on the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). Paleoredox reconstruction reveals a dominantly anoxic late Ediacaran ocean punctuated by multiple transient oxygenation events across the southern margin of the NCC. These transient oxidation events in the NCC may have contributed to the appearance of the Ediacaran tubular fossil Shaanxilithes. Based on the assumption that local iron speciation data in a global framework can track the mean and variance of paleoredox conditions through time, we additionally analyzed about 3300 new and published iron speciation data from fine-grained clastic rocks to infer the global redox change in Ediacaran–Cambrian oceans. Our statistical analyses indicated dynamic Ediacaran marine redox conditions and stepwise early–middle Cambrian ocean oxygenation. The appearance and rise of the Ediacaran biota and the diversification of metazoans corresponded temporally with the middle Ediacaran global ocean oxygenation and the early–middle Cambrian stepwise oceanic oxygenation, respectively. Our results highlight the coevolutionary relationship between ocean redox conditions and early animals.
Low-Temperature Solution-Processed HfZrO Gate Insulator for High-Performance of Flexible LaZnO Thin-Film Transistor
Authors: Chang Yeoungjin , Bukke Ravindra Naik , Bae Jinbaek , Jang Jin
Published: August 2023

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) are gaining significant attention in the field of flexible electronics due to their desirable electrical properties, such as high field-effect mobility (μFE), lower IOFF, and excellent stability under bias stress. TFTs have widespread applications, such as printed electronics, flexible displays, smart cards, image sensors, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), and the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this study, we approach using a low-temperature solution-processed hafnium zirconium oxide (HfZrOx) gate insulator (GI) to improve the performance of lanthanum zinc oxide (LaZnO) TFTs. For the optimization of HfZrO GI, HfZrO films were annealed at 200, 250, and 300 °C. The optimized HfZrO-250 °C GI-based LaZnO TFT shows the μFE of 19.06 cm2V−1s−1, threshold voltage (VTH) of 1.98 V, hysteresis voltage (VH) of 0 V, subthreshold swing (SS) of 256 mV/dec, and ION/IOFF of ~108. The flexible LaZnO TFT with HfZrO-250 °C GI exhibits negligible ΔVTH of 0.25 V under positive-bias-temperature stress (PBTS). The flexible hysteresis-free LaZnO TFTs with HfZrO-250 °C can be widely used for flexible electronics. These enhancements were attributed to the smooth surface morphology and reduced defect density achieved with the HfZrO gate insulator. Therefore, the HfZrO/LaZnO approach holds great promise for next-generation MOS TFTs for flexible electronics.
Preparation and Characterization of Spray-Dried Hybrid Nanocrystal–Amorphous Solid Dispersions (HyNASDs) for Supersaturation Enhancement of a Slowly Crystallizing Drug
Authors: Rahman Mahbubur , Radgman Keanu , Tarabokija James , Ahmad Stephanie , Bilgili Ecevit
Published: August 2023

We prepared hybrid nanocrystal–amorphous solid dispersions (HyNASDs) to examine their supersaturation capability in the release of a poorly soluble drug, itraconazole (ITZ), a slow crystallizer during dissolution. The HyNASD formulations included a polymer (HPC: hydroxypropyl cellulose, Sol: Soluplus, or VA64: Kollidon-VA64) and a surfactant (SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate). Additionally, the dissolution performance of the HyNASDs and ASDs was compared. To this end, wet-milled aqueous nanosuspensions containing a 1:5 ITZ:polymer mass ratio with/without SDS as well as solutions of the same ratio without SDS in dichloromethane were spray-dried. XRPD–DSC confirmed that ASDs were formed upon spray drying the solution-based feeds, whereas HyNASDs (~5–30% amorphous) were formed with the nanosuspension-based feeds. SDS aided to stabilize the ITZ nanosuspensions and increase the amorphous content in the spray-dried powders. During dissolution, up to 850% and 790% relative supersaturation values were attained by HyNASDs with and without SDS, respectively. Due to the stronger molecular interaction between ITZ–Sol than ITZ–HPC/VA64 and micellar solubilization by Sol, Sol-based HyNASDs outperformed HPC/VA64-based HyNASDs. While the ASD formulations generated greater supersaturation values (≤1670%) than HyNASDs (≤790%), this extent of supersaturation from a largely nanocrystalline formulation (HyNASD) has not been achieved before. Overall, HyNASDs could boost drug release from nanoparticle-based formulations and may render them competitive to ASDs.
Combined Treatment of Mori folium and Mori Cortex Radicis Ameliorate Obesity in Mice via UCP-1 in Brown Adipocytes
Authors: Kim Do-Sung , Lee Hwa-Young , Kim Hwa-Jin , Lee Geum-Hwa , Lim Young Jae , Ko Bo Mi , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Tae Won , Kim Hye Kyung , Kim Tae Young , Hwang Dae Il , Choi Ha Kyoung , Ju Seon Min , Chung Myung Ja , Chae Han-Jung
Published: August 2023

Mori Folium (Morus alba leaf, MF) and Mori Cortex Radicis (Morus alba root cortex, MR) have been studied for their anti-obesity effects by enhancing the browning process and inhibiting adipogenesis. However, important aspects of their protective mechanisms have not been thoroughly investigated, which could aid in developing functional food. Thus, this study aims to determine the synergistic effects of MF and MR against obesity and its associated mechanisms. In an in vitro cell culture model of brown adipocytes, a 1:1 mixture of MF and MR showed a synergistic effect on the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, including Ucp-1, Ppargc1a, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator (Cited), Prdm16, Tbx1, and Fgf21 compared with either MF- or MR-treated conditions. Moreover, they demonstrated the involvement of cAMP and Ca2+ in induction of brown adipocyte-specific genes. In an in vivo model using HFD-fed mice, MF/MR significantly inhibited weight gain, plasma cholesterol, LDL, TG content, fat mass, and adipocyte size. Furthermore, MF/MR inhibited morphological alteration and the expressions of fatty acid synthesis genes such as Srebp1 and Fasn in the white adipose tissue. Thermogenesis genes were recovered in the brown adipose tissue with MF/MR supplementation, indicating that MF/MR regulated adipocytic dysmetabolism where AMPK signaling is involved. In conclusion, these results suggested that MF/MR regulates brown and beige adipocyte processes, providing one of the preventive functional food/herbal medicines against obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
Influence of Food Type on Human Psychological–Behavioral Responses and Crime Reduction
Authors: Heidari Masoud , Khodadadi Jokar Yalda , Madani Shirin , Shahi Sharifeh , Shahi Mohammad Sharif , Goli Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this narrative review is to emphasize the importance of food consumption and meal selection on mental health and brain function, including psychological and behavioral reactions such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and criminal activity. Additionally, by being aware of the link between food and mental health, the community can be encouraged to make informed food choices in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes like criminality. Food behaviors are shifting significantly over the world. There are also significant changes in mood, sadness, happiness, and violence, as well as the spread of the variety and severity of mental diseases that lead to violent acts. Food intake and meal selection have evolved over the last ten years as the variety and accessibility of food options have become easier and more diverse. These modifications might have both beneficial and bad consequences. This article examines the relationship between food intake and its impact on marital satisfaction. The goal of this review is to support or refute the claim that food influences mood, love, or criminal behavior, or vice versa. Various diets can have an impact on one’s mental health and brain, influencing psychological reactions and behavioral responses such as mood, loving relationships, violence, and even criminal activity. Food insecurity has been demonstrated in various studies to have a negative impact on health and psychological well-being, leading to despair, loss of happiness, marital conflict, and violence. For example, herbal extracts and flavonoids have the potential to improve gut microbiota and treat mood disorders. Understanding how the gut–brain axis communicates might help guide interventions for mood and cognitive function. Since the root of most diseases and behaviors is significantly related to the type of food consumed, this research addresses this issue in order to reduce the cost of treatment and prevention of crime and delinquency at the community level by consciously choosing the food consumed by the society. In other words, prevention is always better than cure.
Auricularia auricula Peptides Nutritional Supplementation Delays H2O2-Induced Senescence of HepG2 Cells by Modulation of MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Han Qianwen , Li Haiyan , Zhao Fen , Gao Ji’an , Liu Xinqi , Ma Biao
Published: August 2023

Auricularia auricula is a traditional medicinal and edible mushroom with anti-aging effects. Many studies focused on polysaccharides and melanin. However, the anti-aging effects and mechanism of the nutritional supplementation of Auricularia auricula peptides (AAPs) were not elucidated. In this study, AAPs were prepared by enzymolysis of flavor protease and the protective effects on H2O2-induced senescence of HepG2 cells were explored for the first time. The potential mechanism was also investigated. AAPs were mostly composed of low molecular weights with less than 1000 Da accounting for about 79.17%, and contained comprehensive amino acids nutritionally, including seven essential amino acids, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids. AAPs nutritional supplementation could significantly decrease the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px). In addition, the senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity was restrained, and the expression levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and CXCL2) were also decreased. Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) was carried out to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism was related to the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and Western blot were carried out to verify the key genes and proteins in the pathways, respectively. AAPs nutritional supplementation resulted a significant down-regulation in key the genes c-fos and c-jun and up-regulation in DUSP1 of the MAPK signaling pathway, and down-regulation in the key genes CXCL2 and IL-8 of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The results of Western blot demonstrate that AAPs nutritional supplementation could inhibit MAPK/NF-κB pathways by reducing the expression levels of IKK, IκB, P65, and phosphorylation of ERK, thus decreasing the inflammatory reaction and delaying cell senescence. It is the first time that AAPs nutritional supplementation was proved to have protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. These results implicate that dietary AAPs could be used as nutrients to reduce the development or severity of aging.
Effects of Hyperlipidemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib, a JAK 1/3 Inhibitor, in Rats
Authors: Won Jong Mun , Choi Hyeon Gyeom , Park So Yeon , Kim Jang-Hee , Kim So Hee
Published: August 2023

Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) 1 and 3, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of hyperlipidemia has been found to be higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib after its intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (20 mg/kg) administration in poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic (PHL) rats. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0–∞) after intravenous administration of tofacitinib was 73.5% higher in PHL than in control rats, owing to slower time-averaged nonrenal clearance (CLNR) in the former. Evaluation of in vitro metabolism showed that the intrinsic clearance (CLint) of tofacitinib was 38.6% lower in PHL than in control rats, owing to the decreased protein expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1/2 and CYP2C11 in PHL rats. Similar results were observed in PHL rats after oral administration of tofacitinib. These results were likely due to the decreased CLNR, CLint, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestines of PHL compared to control rats. Overall, these findings indicated that hyperlipidemia slowed the metabolism of tofacitinib, increasing its plasma concentrations, and that this reduced metabolism was due to alterations in expression of the proteins CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11, and P-gp in the liver and/or intestines of PHL rats.
Development of Large Hollow Particles for Pulmonary Delivery of Cyclosporine A
Authors: Huang Yongpeng , Tang Hui , Meng Xiangyan , Zhao Zitong , Liu Yanli , Liu Dongxin , Chen Bo , Zou Zhiyun
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to prepare large hollow particles (LHPs) by spray drying for pulmonary delivery of cyclosporine A (CsA), using L-Leucine (LEU) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as excipients and ammonium bicarbonate (AB) as a porogen. The prepared LHPs were spherical particles composed of both CsA and LEU on the surface and HPMC on the inner layer. The formulation of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB as typical LHPs showed excellent in vitro aerodynamic performance with a minimum mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.15 μm. The solubility of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was about 5.5-fold higher than that of raw CsA, and the dissolution of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB suggested that the drug was released within 1 h. The cell viability of the A549 cell line showed that CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB was safe for delivering CsA to the lungs. In addition, inhalation administration of CsA-LEU-0.8HPMC-AB with the Cmax and AUC0–∞ increasing by about 2-fold and 2.8-fold compared with the oral administration of Neoral® could achieve therapeutic drug concentrations with lower systemic exposure and significantly improve the in vivo bioavailability of CsA. From these findings, the LHPs, with the advantage of avoiding alveolar macrophage clearance, could be a viable choice for delivering CsA by inhalation administration relative to oral administration.
A Series of Avoided Crossings of Resonances in the System of Several Different Dielectric Resonators Results in Giant Q-Factors
Authors: Pichugin Konstantin , Sadreev Almas , Bulgakov Evgeny
Published: August 2023

On an example of a system of three/four/five/six different coupled coaxial silicon disks, we realize a series of avoided crossings of resonances (ACRs) with respect to the different morphologies for the different scales of each disk. Each next step of ACR accompanied by the optimization processes of all previous ACRs contributes almost one order of magnitude to the Q-factor. As a result, we achieve unprecedented values for the Q-factors: 6.6·104 for three, 4.8·106 for four, 8.5·107 for five and several billions for six free standing silicon disks. Comparisons to such prominent methods as whispering gallery modes or quasi bound states in the continuum to boost the Q-factor demonstrate the tremendous advantage of the present approach not only in terms of Q-factor values but also in terms of mode volumes. Multipole analysis of the final hybridized resonant mode explains such extremely large Q-factor values. The analysis shows a strong redistribution of radiation owing to the almost-exact destructive interference of the dominating complex multipole radiation amplitudes.
Process-Relevant Flow Characteristics of Styrene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers and Their Representation by Rheometric Data
Authors: Kaempfe Markus , Fischer Matthieu , Kuehnert Ines , Wießner Sven
Published: August 2023

The complex multiphase morphology of thermoplastic elastomers based on styrene-block copolymers (TPSs) affects their flow behavior significantly and in a way which may not be considered by commonly used characterization and evaluation procedures. To evaluate the relevance of non-Newtonian flow phenomena for the validity of rheometric data in processing, three commercially available TPSs with comparable hardness of about 60 Shore A but with different application fields were selected and characterized using parallel plate and high-pressure capillary rheometry. The validity of the rheometric data is assessed by modeling the flow in a high-pressure capillary rheometer by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results were discussed in conjunction with close-up images of samples taken after the measurement. The materials show clearly different rheological behaviors but depend on the respective shear and geometrical conditions. In particular, for the material with the lowest viscosity, doubling the capillary diameter resulted in a disproportionate increase of the pressure loss by up to one third. Only the capillary flow of this material could not be reproduced by the CFD simulation. The results indicate that conventionally determined rheometric data of TPSs are of limited use in evaluating process flows for various material grades.
Numerical Study on the Separation Performance of Hydrocyclones with Different Secondary Cylindrical Section Diameters
Authors: Hou Duanxu , Liu Peikun , Zhao Qiang , Jiang Lanyue , Cui Baoyu , Wei Dezhou
Published: August 2023

The particle motion behavior in hydrocyclones has received increasing attention, but the particle circulation flow has received relatively limited attention. In this paper, the particle circulation flow is regulated by changing the secondary-cylindrical section diameter to optimize the separation effect. The effects of secondary-cylindrical section diameters on flow field characteristics and separation performance are explored using the two-fluid model (TFM). The findings demonstrate that particle circulation flows are ubiquitous in the secondary-cylindrical hydrocyclone and are induced by the axial velocity wave zone. The increase in the secondary-cylindrical section diameter intensifies the coarse particle circulation and aggrandizes the coarse particle’s aggregation degree and aggregation region, leading to an increment in cut size. The circulation flow component can be regulated by adjusting the secondary-cylindrical section, thus improving the classification effect. An appropriate diameter of the secondary-cylindrical section facilitates improved particle circulation, strengthening the separation sharpness.
Pneumatic Noise Study of Multi-Stage Sleeve Control Valve
Authors: Jia Jianbo , Shi Yan , Meng Xianyu , Zhang Bo , Li Dameng
Published: August 2023

This study considers the practical issue of severe noise observed in a multi-stage sleeve control valve within an engineering project. Employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology, we initially performed numerical simulations to analyze the steady-state flow field within the control valve. Subsequently, we identified the underlying factors contributing to the noise issue within the valve. To assess the aerodynamic noise of the control valve, we applied the FW-H acoustic analogy theory and determined the intensity and distribution characteristics of the aerodynamic noise. Finally, we validated the numerical simulation results of the aerodynamic noise against theoretical calculations. Our findings indicate that the steam medium experiences high-speed flow due to disturbances caused by various components within the valve, resulting in significant turbulence intensity. This intense turbulence leads to pressure fluctuations in the steam, serving as the main catalyst for noise generation. The aerodynamic noise of the control valve exhibits a roughly symmetrical distribution along the pipe–valve system, with noticeable increases in noise levels upstream and downstream of the valve compared to other regions. The distribution cloud map obtained from the numerical simulations serves as a valuable reference for analyzing the locations where aerodynamic noise is generated. Comparing the numerical simulation results with the theoretical calculations at the noise monitoring points, we found that the noise error of the monitoring points was less than 5%, which proves the effectiveness of the numerical simulation method. These results provide essential data support for the acoustic detection of aerodynamic noise in control valves, carrying significant practical implications for engineering applications.
A Simple Strategy for the Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine, Uric Acid, L-Tryptophan and Theophylline Based on a Carbon Nano-Onions Modified Electrode
Authors: An Rui , Kuang Wenzhu , Li Zijian , Mu Tiancheng , Luo Hongxia
Published: August 2023

In this work, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) with particle sizes of 5–10 nm were prepared by the multi-potential step method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy characterize the effective synthesis of CNOs. CNOs/GCEs were prepared by depositing the prepared CNOs onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) by a drop-coating method. Examination of the electrocatalytic activity of the CNOs/GCE sensor by simultaneously detecting dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), L-tryptophan (Trp) and theophylline (TP) using a differential pulse voltammetry technique. The results showed that the linear ranges of DA, UA, Trp and TP were DA 0.01–38.16 μM, UA 0.06–68.16 μM, Trp 1.00–108.25 μM, and TP 8.16–108.25 μM, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.0039 μM, 0.0087 μM, 0.18 μM and 0.35 μM, respectively. The CNOS/GCE sensor had good stability and could be used for the detection of actual samples.
Numeric Investigation on the Stability of a Preformed Roadway under Backfill Body Subjected to Blasting Load
Authors: Deng Hongwei , Wu Fei , Ou Renze
Published: August 2023

Tungsten, essential in the industrial, military, and civilian domains and deemed a strategic resource by various nations, necessitates careful consideration in room and pillar mines due to the potential instability and safety hazards posed by untouched mine pillars, making tungsten recovery crucial for worker safety and economic gain. This research aims to provide guidance for recovering tungsten from mine pillars and making mining operations safer for workers in the Xianglushan mine. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the mechanical response of a preformed roadway in a backfill body subjected to static and dynamic loads with various explosive distances and positions. Blasting vibration velocity and blasting-induced damage in the backfill body are extracted to evaluate the mechanical response of the backfill body. The numerical results indicate that the steel frame and preformed roadway remain stable under the influence of both gravity and the impact from blasting, using a charge of 3.00 kg per blasthole. By analyzing these indicators, potential safety hazards in the backfill body and preformed roadway are identified, and the numerical results provide guidance for mine pillar recovery practices.
Vernacular Language and the Wu Dialect in the Formation of a Chan Koine and the Rise of Chan/Zen Philology: The Seventh to Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Jorgensen John Alexander
Published: August 2023

Chan monks had a language problem. They needed to deal with at least four registers; the language of the street in their district, the Chan koine with its colloquialisms and argot, the guanhua or official language, and the elite formal language in Literary Sinitic that was packed with allusions. Zen monks in Japan had to deal with registers of Japanese, plus the Chan koine and the formal Literary Chinese. One response was philological, glosses on vocabulary that were likely to be misunderstood, such as dialect words and words that had changed meaning over time. Notably, most of these responses originated in or were connected to the greater Hangzhou region and its Wu language. After discussing whether there was a “standard” or common language used by elites throughout China, this article contends that the awareness of language differences between the “standard” or Mandarin Chinese and the Wu language by native Wu speakers contributed to the rise of Chan philology and then Zen philology. A few key examples of specialized Chan philological texts will be examined, but it should be kept in mind that examples of Chan philology may be embedded in other Chan works.
Hyperspectral Marine Oil Spill Monitoring Using a Dual-Branch Spatial–Spectral Fusion Model
Authors: Yang Junfang , Wang Jian , Hu Yabin , Ma Yi , Li Zhongwei , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2023

Marine oil spills pose a crucial concern in the monitoring of marine environments, and optical remote sensing serves as a vital means for marine oil spill detection. However, optical remote sensing imagery is susceptible to interference from sunglints and shadows, leading to diminished spectral differences between oil films and seawater. This makes it challenging to accurately extract the boundaries of oil–water interfaces. To address these aforementioned issues, this paper proposes a model based on the graph convolutional architecture and spatial–spectral information fusion for the oil spill detection of real oil spill incidents. The model is experimentally evaluated using both spaceborne and airborne hyperspectral oil spill images. Research findings demonstrate the superior oil spill detection accuracy of the developed model when compared to Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and CNN-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Network (CEGCN), across two hyperspectral datasets collected from the Bohai Sea. Moreover, the performance of the developed model in oil spill detection remains optimal, even with only 1% of the training samples. Similar conclusions are drawn from the oil spill hyperspectral data collected from the Yellow Sea. These results validate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed model for marine oil spill detection.
Large-Scale Multi-Objective Imaging Satellite Task Planning Algorithm for Vast Area Mapping
Authors: Chen Yaxin , Shen Xin , Zhang Guo , Lu Zezhong
Published: August 2023

With satellite quantity and quality development in recent years, remote sensing products in vast areas are becoming widely used in more and more fields. The acquisition of large regional images requires the scientific and efficient utilization of satellite resources through imaging satellite task planning technology. However, for imaging satellite task planning in a vast area, a large number of decision variables are introduced into the imaging satellite task planning model, making it difficult for existing optimization algorithms to obtain reliable solutions. This is because the search space of the solution increases the exponential growth with the increase in the number of decision variables, which causes the search performance of optimization algorithms to decrease significantly. This paper proposes a large-scale multi-objective optimization algorithm based on efficient competition learning and improved non-dominated sorting (ECL-INS-LMOA) to efficiently obtain satellite imaging schemes for large areas. ECL-INS-LMOA adopted the idea of two-stage evolution to meet the different needs in different evolutionary stages. In the early stage, the proposed efficient competitive learning particle update strategy (ECLUS) and the improved NSGA-II were run alternately. In the later stage, only the improved NSGA-II was run. The proposed ECLUS guarantees the rapid convergence of ECL-INS-LMOA in the early evolution by accelerating particle update, introducing flight time, and proposing a binary competitive swarm optimizer BCSO. The results of the simulation imaging experiments on five large areas with different scales of decision variables show that ECL-INS-LMOA can always obtain the imaging satellite mission planning scheme with the highest regional coverage and the lowest satellite resource consumption within the limited evaluation times. The experiments verify the excellent performance of ECL-INS-LMOA in solving vast area mapping planning problems.
Differences in Global Precipitation Regimes between Land and Ocean Areas Based on the GPM IMERG Product
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Hao Hongfei , Wu Guocan
Published: August 2023

Climate change research has received increasing attention from both researchers and the public, and the analysis of precipitation is one of the most important topics in this field. As a supplement to gauge observations, satellite-derived precipitation data present advantages, as they have high spatiotemporal resolution and good continuity. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is the newest generation of precipitation measurement products designed to conduct quasi-global satellite observations. This study used the latest Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM data collected between 2001 and 2020 to analyze changes in precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity on global land and ocean surfaces. The results showed that precipitation intensity over the ocean was generally higher than on land, and the two were more similar at the hourly scale than at the daily scale, as shown by the JS divergence statistics: 0.0323 and 0.0461, respectively. This may be due to the thermodynamic differences between land and the ocean, which can accumulate over a longer time scale. The average number of annual precipitation hours and days increased by 50 h and 5 days during 2011–2020 compared with the previous decade. The absence of obvious changes in annual precipitation amounts led to a decrease in annual precipitation intensity and the weakening of extreme precipitation on land. The analysis of precipitation regimes in nine mainland regions of the globe showed a significant increasing trend for both hourly and daily precipitation in North Asia, while insignificant changes or even decreasing trends were detected in the other regions. The results of this study elucidated the variations in precipitation between land and ocean areas and can contribute to the understanding of global precipitation.
A High-Precision and Lightweight Prediction Model for Global Total Electron Content
Authors: Yan Xu , Cai Hongtao , Xu Chen , Yang Lubing , Zhan Weijia
Published: August 2023

Precise prediction of the global spatial–temporal distribution of total electron content (TEC) is a challenge in space weather. Existing models are generally able to provide rather good prediction results at the cost of a large amount of computing resources. This limits the application of the method. A lightweight and highly accurate global TEC prediction model was developed in this study. Our model is capable of forecasting the global TEC map up to 12 h in advance with a step of one hour. The predicted results during geomagnetic quiet periods were consistent with measurements, with a maximum and average mean error (ME) of 1.5 TECU and −0.04 TECU under conditions of high solar activity, respectively. Our model also performed well during geomagnetic disturbed periods, with a maximum ME of 4.5 TECU and 2.5 TECU under conditions of high and low solar activities, respectively. Our model significantly reduces the training time (47%) and basic requirement of memory (60%) relative to the model of Liu et al. (2022) with no remarkable loss of model accuracy.
Source Camera Identification with a Robust Device Fingerprint: Evolution from Image-Based to Video-Based Approaches
Authors: Manisha  , Li Chang-Tsun , Kotegar Karunakar A.
Published: August 2023

With the increasing prevalence of digital multimedia content, the need for reliable and accurate source camera identification has become crucial in applications such as digital forensics. While effective techniques exist for identifying the source camera of images, video-based source identification presents unique challenges due to disruptive effects introduced during video processing, such as compression artifacts and pixel misalignment caused by techniques like video coding and stabilization. These effects render existing approaches, which rely on high-frequency camera fingerprints like Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU), inadequate for video-based identification. To address this challenge, we propose a novel approach that builds upon the image-based source identification technique. Leveraging a global stochastic fingerprint residing in the low- and mid-frequency bands, we exploit its resilience to disruptive effects in the high-frequency bands, envisioning its potential for video-based source identification. Through comprehensive evaluation on recent smartphones dataset, we establish new benchmarks for source camera model and individual device identification, surpassing state-of-the-art techniques. While conventional image-based methods struggle in video contexts, our approach unifies image and video source identification through a single framework powered by the novel non-PRNU device-specific fingerprint. This contribution expands the existing body of knowledge in the field of multimedia forensics.
Single-Cell Detection of Erwinia amylovora Using Bio-Functionalized SIS Sensor
Authors: Lee Ui Jin , Oh Yunkwang , Kwon Oh Seok , Park Jeong Mee , Cho Hyun Mo , Kim Dong Hyung , Kim Moonil
Published: August 2023

Herein, we developed a bio-functionalized solution-immersed silicon (SIS) sensor at the single-cell level to identify Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora), a highly infectious bacterial pathogen responsible for fire blight, which is notorious for its rapid spread and destructive impact on apple and pear orchards. This method allows for ultra-sensitive measurements without pre-amplification or labeling compared to conventional methods. To detect a single cell of E. amylovora, we used Lipopolysaccharide Transporter E (LptE), which is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane of E. amylovora, as a capture agent. We confirmed that LptE interacts with E. amylovora via LPS through in-house ELISA analysis, then used it to construct the sensor chip by immobilizing the capture molecule on the sensor surface modified with 3′-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The LptE-based SIS sensor exhibited the sensitive and specific detection of the target bacterial cell in real time. The dose–response curve shows a linearity (R2 > 0.992) with wide dynamic ranges from 1 to 107 cells/mL for the target bacterial pathogen. The sensor showed the value change (dΨ) of approximately 0.008° for growing overlayer thickness induced from a single-cell E. amylovora, while no change in the control bacterial cell (Bacillus subtilis) was observed, or negligible change, if any. Furthermore, the bacterial sensor demonstrated a potential for the continuous detection of E. amylovora through simple surface regeneration, enabling its reusability. Taken together, our system has the potential to be applied in fields where early symptoms are not observed and where single-cell or ultra-sensitive detection is required, such as plant bacterial pathogen detection, foodborne pathogen monitoring and analysis, and pathogenic microbial diagnosis.
Quantitative Analysis of Super Resolution in Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering for Microwave Medical Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Ding Yahui , Gong Zheng , Chen Yifan , Hu Jun , Chen Yongpin
Published: August 2023

Microwave medical sensing and imaging (MMSI) has been a research hotspot in the past years. Imaging algorithms based on electromagnetic inverse scattering (EIS) play a key role in MMSI due to the super-resolution phenomenon. EIS problems generally employ far-field scattered data to reconstruct images. However, the far-field data do not include information outside the Ewald’s sphere, so theoretically it is impossible to achieve super resolution. The reason for super resolution has not been clarified. The majority of the current research focuses on how nonlinearity affects the super-resolution phenomena in EIS. However, the mechanism of super-resolution in the absence of nonlinearity is routinely ignored. In this research, we address a prevalent yet overlooked problem where the image resolution due to scatterers of extended structures is incorrectly analyzed using the model of point scatterers. Specifically, the classical resolution of EIS is defined by the Rayleigh criterion which is only suitable for point-like scatterers. However, the super-resolution in EIS is often observed for general scatterers like cylinders, squares or Austria shapes. Subsequently, we provide theoretical results for the Born approximation framework in EIS, and employ the Sparrow criteria to quantify the resolution for symmetric objects of extended structures. Furthermore, the modified Sparrow criterion is proposed to calculate the resolution of asymmetric scatterers. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach can better explain the super-resolution phenomenon in EIS.
Monitoring Inattention in Construction Workers Caused by Physical Fatigue Using Electrocardiograph (ECG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensors
Authors: Ouyang Yewei , Liu Ming , Cheng Cheng , Yang Yuchen , He Shiyi , Zheng Lan
Published: August 2023

Physical fatigue is frequent for heavy manual laborers like construction workers, but it causes distraction and may lead to safety incidents. The purpose of this study is to develop predictive models for monitoring construction workers’ inattention caused by physical fatigue utilizing electrocardiograph (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors. Thirty participants were invited to complete an attention-demanding task under non-fatigued and physically fatigued conditions. Supervised learning algorithms were utilized to develop models predicting their attentional states, with heart rate variability (HRV) features derived from ECG signals and skin electric activity features derived from GSR signals as data inputs. The results demonstrate that using HRV features alone could obtain a prediction accuracy of 88.33%, and using GSR features alone could achieve an accuracy of 76.67%, both through the KNN algorithm. The accuracy increased to 96.67% through the SVM algorithm when combining HRV and GSR features. The findings indicate that ECG sensors used alone or in combination with GSR sensors can be applied to monitor construction workers’ inattention on job sites. The findings would provide an approach for detecting distracted workers at job sites. Additionally, it might reveal the relationships between workers’ physiological features and attention.
Cryptographic Algorithms with Data Shorter than the Encryption Key, Based on LZW and Huffman Coding
Authors: Krokosz Tomasz , Rykowski Jarogniew , Zajęcka Małgorzata , Brzoza-Woch Robert , Rutkowski Leszek
Published: August 2023

Modern, commonly used cryptosystems based on encryption keys require that the length of the stream of encrypted data is approximately the length of the key or longer. In practice, this approach unnecessarily complicates strong encryption of very short messages commonly used for example in ultra-low-power and resource-constrained wireless network sensor nodes based on microcontrollers (MCUs). In such cases, the data payload can be as short as a few bits of data while the typical length of the key is several hundred bits or more. The article proposes an idea of employing a complex of two algorithms, initially applied for data compression, acting as a standard-length encryption key algorithm to increase the transmission security of very short data sequences, even as short as one or a few bytes. In this article, we present and evaluate an approach that uses LZW and Huffman coding to achieve data transmission obfuscation and a basic level of security.
Investigation on the Effective Measures for Improving the Performance of Calorimetric Microflow Sensor
Authors: Qi Jiali , Shao Chun , Wu Wei , Wang Ruijin
Published: August 2023

The performance of the calorimetric microflow sensor is closely related to the thermal sensing part design, including structure parameter, heater temperature, and operation environment. In this paper, several measures to enhance the performance of the calorimetric microflow sensor were proposed and further verified by numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that it is more favorable to reduce the negative impact of flow separation as the space between detectors and heater is set to be 1.6 μm so as to improve the accuracy of the sensor. With an appropriate gap, the front arranged obstacle of the upstream detector can effectively widen the measure range of the sensor, benefiting from the decrease in upstream viscous dissipation. Compared to a cantilever structure, the resonances can be effectively suppressed when the heater and detectors are designed as bridge structures. In particular, the maximum amplitude of the bridge structure is only 0.022 μm at 70 sccm, which is 53% lower than that of the cantilever structure. The optimized sensor widens the range by 14.3% and significantly increases the sensitivity at high flow rates. Moreover, the feasibility of the improved measures is also illustrated via the consistency of the trend between the simulation results and experimental ones.
Energy-Efficient Decentralized Broadcasting in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks
Authors: Sterz Artur , Klose Robin , Sommer Markus , Höchst Jonas , Link Jakob , Simon Bernd , Klein Anja , Hollick Matthias , Freisleben Bernd
Published: August 2023

Several areas of wireless networking, such as wireless sensor networks or the Internet of Things, require application data to be distributed to multiple receivers in an area beyond the transmission range of a single node. This can be achieved by using the wireless medium’s broadcast property when retransmitting data. Due to the energy constraints of typical wireless devices, a broadcasting scheme that consumes as little energy as possible is highly desirable. In this article, we present a novel multi-hop data dissemination protocol called BTP. It uses a game-theoretical model to construct a spanning tree in a decentralized manner to minimize the total energy consumption of a network by minimizing the transmission power of each node. Although BTP is based on a game-theoretical model, it neither requires information exchange between distant nodes nor time synchronization during its operation, and it inhibits graph cycles effectively. The protocol is evaluated in Matlab and NS-3 simulations and through real-world implementation on a testbed of 75 Raspberry Pis. The evaluation conducted shows that our proposed protocol can achieve a total energy reduction of up to 90% compared to a simple broadcast protocol in real-world experiments.
INS/LIDAR/Stereo SLAM Integration for Precision Navigation in GNSS-Denied Environments
Authors: Abdelaziz Nader , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Traditionally, navigation systems have relied solely on global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/inertial navigation system (INS) integration. When a temporal loss of GNSS signal lock is encountered, these systems would rely on INS, which can sustain short bursts of outages, albeit drift significantly in prolonged outages. In this study, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to develop an integrated INS/LiDAR/Stereo simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) navigation system. The first update stage of the filter integrates the INS with the LiDAR, after which the resultant navigation solution is integrated with the stereo SLAM solution, which yields the final integrated navigation solution. The system was tested for different driving scenarios in urban and rural environments using the raw Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute (KITTI) dataset in the complete absence of the GNSS signal. In addition, the selected KITTI drives covered low and high driving speeds in feature-rich and feature-poor environments. It is shown that the proposed INS/LiDAR/Stereo SLAM navigation system yielded better position estimations in comparison to using the INS without any assistance from onboard sensors. The accuracy improvement was expressed as a reduction of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 83% and 82% in the horizontal and up directions, respectively. In addition, the proposed system outperformed the positioning accuracy of some of the state-of-the-art algorithms.