bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward Robust Atmospheric Retrieval on Cloudy L Dwarfs: the Impact of Thermal and Abundance Profile Assumptions
Authors: Rowland Melanie J. , Morley Caroline V. , Line Michael R.
Published: April 2023

Constraining L dwarf properties from their spectra is challenging. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra probe a limited range of pressures, while many species condense within their photospheres. Condensation creates two complexities: gas-phase species “rain out” (decreasing in abundances by many orders of magnitude) and clouds form. We designed tests using synthetic data to determine the best approach for retrieving L dwarf spectra, isolating the challenges in the absence of cloud opacity. We conducted atmospheric retrievals on synthetic cloud-free L dwarf spectra derived from the Sonora Bobcat models at SpeX resolution using a variety of thermal and chemical abundance profile parameterizations. For objects hotter than L5 (T
eff ∼ 1700 K), the limited pressure layers probed in the NIR are mostly convective; parameterized pressure–temperature (PT) profiles bias results and free, unsmoothed profiles should be used. Only when many layers both above and below the radiative-convective boundary are probed can parameterized profiles provide accurate results. Furthermore, a nonuniform abundance profile for FeH is needed to accurately retrieve bulk properties of early-to-mid L dwarfs. Nonuniform prescriptions for other gases in NIR retrievals may also be warranted near the L/T transition (CH4) and early Y dwarfs (Na and K). We demonstrate the utility of using realistic, self-consistent models to benchmark retrievals and suggest how they can be used in the future.
Distances to Nearby Molecular Clouds Traced by Young Stars
Authors: Zhang 张 Miaomiao 淼淼
Published: April 2023

I present a catalog of distances to 63 molecular clouds located within ∼2.5 kpc of the Sun. The cloud distances are derived based on utilizing the Gaia DR3 parallaxes of the young stellar objects (YSOs). By identifying AllWISE YSO candidates (YSOCs) with infrared excesses and combining them with published YSOC catalogs, I compile an all-sky YSOC sample that is devoid of a significant proportion of contaminants. Using Gaia DR3 astrometric measurements, I associate over 3000 YSOCs with 63 local clouds and obtain the average distance to each cloud by fitting the YSOC parallax distribution within the cloud. I find good agreements with typical scatter of ≲10% between my new cloud distances and previous distance estimates. Unlike cloud distances obtained using stellar extinction, my catalog provides distances to the relatively dense areas of local clouds, which makes them more appropriate references for investigating the physical properties of nearby dense regions.
MINDS. The Detection of 13CO2 with JWST-MIRI Indicates Abundant CO2 in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Grant Sierra L. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Tabone Benoît , Gasman Danny , Henning Thomas , Kamp Inga , Güdel Manuel , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Bettoni Giulio , Perotti Giulia , Christiaens Valentin , Samland Matthias , Arabhavi Aditya M. , Argyriou Ioannis , Abergel Alain , Absil Olivier , Barrado David , Boccaletti Anthony , Bouwman Jeroen , o Garatti Alessio Caratti , Geers Vincent , Glauser Adrian M. , Guadarrama Rodrigo , Jang Hyerin , Kanwar Jayatee , Lahuis Fred , Morales-Calderón Maria , Mueller Michael , Nehmé Cyrine , Olofsson Göran , Pantin Eric , Pawellek Nicole , Ray Tom P. , Rodgers-Lee Donna , Scheithauer Silvia , Schreiber Jürgen , Schwarz Kamber , Temmink Milou , Vandenbussche Bart , Vlasblom Marissa , Waters L. B. F. M. , Wright Gillian , Colina Luis , Greve Thomas R. , Justannont Kay , Östlin Göran
Published: April 2023

We present JWST-MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) spectra of the protoplanetary disk around the low-mass T Tauri star GW Lup from the MIRI mid-INfrared Disk Survey Guaranteed Time Observations program. Emission from 12CO2, 13CO2, H2O, HCN, C2H2, and OH is identified with 13CO2 being detected for the first time in a protoplanetary disk. We characterize the chemical and physical conditions in the inner few astronomical units of the GW Lup disk using these molecules as probes. The spectral resolution of JWST-MIRI MRS paired with high signal-to-noise data is essential to identify these species and determine their column densities and temperatures. The Q branches of these molecules, including those of hot bands, are particularly sensitive to temperature and column density. We find that the 12CO2 emission in the GW Lup disk is coming from optically thick emission at a temperature of ∼400 K. 13CO2 is optically thinner and based on a lower temperature of ∼325 K, and thus may be tracing deeper into the disk and/or a larger emitting radius than 12CO2. The derived

N

CO

2

/

N

H

2

O

ratio is orders of magnitude higher than previously derived for GW Lup and other targets based on Spitzer-InfraRed-Spectrograph data. This high column density ratio may be due to an inner cavity with a radius in between the H2O and CO2 snowlines and/or an overall lower disk temperature. This paper demonstrates the unique ability of JWST to probe inner disk structures and chemistry through weak, previously unseen molecular features.
Endiandra macrocarpa (Lauraceae), a new tree species from south-western China
Authors: Zou Dian-yang , Cao Guan-long , Zhang Jin-guo , Li Lang , Li Jie
Published: April 2023

Endiandra macrocarpa, a new species of Endiandra (Lauraceae) from Yunnan Province of south-western China, is here described and illustrated, based on morphological evidence. Compared to other Endiandra species occurring in south China and the adjacent regions in Indochina, this species is mainly characterised by its much larger ellipsoidal fruits (up to 11 × 6 cm), as well as glabrous branchlets and puberulent inflorescences.
Proposal (31) to conserve the name Brachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 as a nomen conservandum with a conserved type
Authors: Dengler Jürgen , Willner Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

After a nomenclatural review of the available names for the order of mesoxeric grasslands within the class Festuco-Brometea, we propose the conservation of the name Brachypodietalia pinnati (with a conserved type) against the names Brometalia erecti and Scorzoneretalia villosae. In syntaxonomic concepts not accepting a single order for the mesoxeric grasslands of Europe, the latter names could still be used, as they are based on different nomenclatural types.

(31) Brachypodietalia pinnatiKorneck 1974: 123 nom. cons. propos.

Typus: Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati Hadač & Klika in Klika and Hadač 1944 (lectotypus; Dengler et al. 2003: 608; typus cons. propos.).

(=) Brometalia erecti W. Koch 1926: 20.

Typus: Bromion erecti W. Koch 1926: 121 (holotypus).

(=) Scorzoneretalia villosaeKovačević 1959: 7

Typus: Scorzonerion villosae Horvatić ex Kovačević 1959 (holotypus)

Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016).

Abbreviations: ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature, 4th edn (Theurillat et al. 2021).
Tolerance to Induced Astigmatism With a Monofocal Intraocular Lens Designed to Extend the Depth of Focus
Authors: Rocha Karolinne Maia , Costa Eduardo da , Dodhia Maya , Waring George O.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

To determine tolerance to residual astigmatism and visual performance in eyes implanted with a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) designed to extend the depth of focus (Tecnis Eyhance, DIB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision) compared to eyes implanted with a standard monofocal IOL (Tecnis ZCB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision).

Methods:

This prospective, observational study enrolled consecutive patients who underwent routine cataract surgery and implantation of either the DIB00 (n = 20) or ZCB00 (n = 20) IOL. Astigmatic defocus was induced with a plus cylinder from +0.50 to +2.00 diopters (D) in 0.50-D steps for each astigmatic orientation (against-the-rule [ATR], with-the-rule [WTR], and oblique). Outcome measures included the comparison of mean visual acuity at each step of defocus, astigmatic defocus curves, and near and intermediate visual acuity.

Results:

Eyes implanted with the DIB00 demonstrated greater astigmatic tolerance and were more likely to maintain 20/40 or better visual acuity with up to +2.00 D of induced ATR and oblique astigmatism than the ZCB00 IOLs. The DIB00 group showed 1.3 lines better visual acuity at 2.00 D of ATR astigmatic defocus and 1 line better than the ZCB00 group at 1.50 D of oblique astigmatic defocus. Although the distance visual acuity was comparable, near and intermediate visual acuities (both distance-corrected and uncorrected) were better for the DIB00 IOL than for the standard ZCB00 IOL.

Conclusions:

The monofocal IOL designed to extend the depth of focus (DIB00 group) showed greater tolerance to induced astigmatism in ATR and oblique orientations and superior uncorrected and distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity than the standard monofocal IOL of the same IOL platform.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2023;39(4):222–228.]
A trust-region based an active-set interior-point algorithm for fuzzy continuous Static Games
Authors: El-Sobky B. , Zidan M. F.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, a novel treatment for fuzzy continuous static games (FCSGs) is introduced. This treatment is based on the fact that, as well as having a fuzzy number, the fuzziness is applied to the control vectors to deal with high vagueness and imprecision in a continuous static game. The concept of the $ \alpha $-level set used for converting the FCSGs to a deterministic problem $ \alpha $-FCSGs. An active-set strategy is used with Newton's interior point method and a trust-region strategy to insure global convergence for deterministic $ \alpha $-FCSGs problems from any starting point. A reduced Hessian technique is used to overcome the difficulty of having an infeasible trust-region subproblem. The active-set interior-point trust-region algorithm has new features; it is easy to implement and has rapid convergence. Preliminary numerical results are reported.
Controllability of a generalized multi-pantograph system of non-integer order with state delay
Authors: Ahmad Irshad , Ahmad Saeed , Rahman Ghaus ur , De la Sen Manuel
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the dynamical aspects of a nonlinear multi-term pantograph-type system of fractional order. Pantograph equations are special differential equations with proportional delays that are employed in many scientific disciplines. The pantograph mechanism, for instance, has been applied in numerous scientific disciplines like electrodynamics, engineering, and control theory. Because of its key rule in diverse fields, the current study establishes some necessary criteria for its controllability. The main idea of the proof is based on converting the system into a fixed point problem and introducing a suitable controllability Gramian matrix $ \mathcal{G}_{c} $. The Gramian matrix $ \mathcal{G}_{c} $ is used to demonstrate the linear system's controllability. Controllability criteria for the associated nonlinear system have been established in the sections that follow using the Schaefer fixed-point theorem and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem, as well as the controllability of the linear system and a few key assumptions. Finally, a computational example is listed.
A mixed operator approach to peridynamics
Authors: Cluni Federico , Gusella Vittorio , Mugnai Dimitri , Lippi Edoardo Proietti , Pucci Patrizia
Published: April 2023

In the present paper we propose a model describing the nonlocal behavior of an elastic body using a peridynamical approach. Indeed, peridynamics is a suitable framework for problems where discontinuities appear naturally, such as fractures, dislocations, or, in general, multiscale materials. In particular, the regional fractional Laplacian is used as the nonlocal operator. Moreover, a combination of the fractional and classical Laplacian operators is used to obtain a better description of the phenomenological response in elasticity. We consider models with linear and nonlinear perturbations. In the linear case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution, while in the nonlinear case the existence of at least two nontrivial solutions of opposite sign is proved. The linear and nonlinear problems are also solved by a numerical approach which estimates the regional fractional Laplacian by means of its singular integral representation. In both cases, a numerical estimation of the solutions is obtained, using in the nonlinear case an approach involving a random variation of an initial guess of the solution. Moreover, in the linear case a parametric analysis is made in order to study the effects of the parameters involved in the model, such as the order of the fractional Laplacian and the mixture law between local and nonlocal behavior.
Reinvestigación de los ocres de antimonio históricos de cervantitas-tipo
Authors: Garcia-Guinea Javier , Gervilla Fernando , Garrido Fernando , Correcher Virgilio , Marco Jose F. , Tormo Laura
Published: April 2023

Los ocres de antimonio son óxi-hidróxidos formados por meteorización de estibnita (Sb2S3). Normalmente aparecen como fases minerales simples cristalizadas en el sistema cúbico con estructura de tipo pirocloro y conteniendo algo de calcio y moléculas de agua en su red cristalina. Sus rangos composicionales pueden ser expresados por la fórmula: Sb5+ 2-x (Sb3+, Ca)y (O, OH, H2O)6-7, donde (y) está cerca de 1 y (x) va de 0 a 1. También es muy frecuente que los ocres de antimonio incluyan sustituciones de As, Fe, Ta, Ti, Cu y otros. Esta variabilidad química dentro de la misma estructura ha generado confusiones históricas de nombres de minerales equivalentes con patrones de difracción de rayos X muy similares siendo importante complementar con técnicas analíticas adicionales. El mineral-tipo cervantita de Cervantes (Lugo, España) (Ca, Sb3+)2(Sb5+)2O6(OH) fue desacreditado en 1954 y re-aprobado en 1962 como α-cervantita Sb3+Sb5+O4 difractando muestras de óxidos de antimonio sintéticos y naturales de otras localidades, como por ejemplo de Brasina (Serbia). En este trabajo estudiamos ambos minerales-tipo de Cervantes (Lugo, Spain) y de Zajaca-Stolice (Brasina, Serbia) desde los puntos de vista estructural, químico-elemental, termal, vibracional y de especiación química, asumiendo que los patrones de difracción de rayos X, los de la estructura tipo pirocloro son muy similares entre ellos. El espécimen tipo de Cervantes (Lugo) puede ser considerado como hydroxycalcioromeita (Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+)2O6(OH) mientras que el de Brasina Ca2(Sb5+)4O12(OH)2 es muy similar pero sin Sb3+. Ambas muestras contienen calcio y componentes hidratados, es decir, ambos están lejos de ser la α-Cervantita (Sb3+Sb5+O4) oficial anhidra y ortorrómbica. La espectroscopia micro-Raman es esencial para determinar fases minerales y vibraciones de enlaces Sb-O, mientras que espectroscopia FTIR y los ATD-TG fueron útiles para determinar grupos hidroxilos y aguas moleculares y la espectroscopia XPS para definir las especiaciones químicas del antimonio.
Digital Currencies and Their Relationship Towards Economic Instability
Authors: Naveenraj X.  , Ramya J.
Published: April 2023

The widespread rise in popularity of cryptocurrencies over the past few years has the potential to have sparked new revolutions in the global ecosystem. The investors face both new opportunities and challenges as a result of this ecosystem. The modern era makes it simple for people to make financial decisions regarding investments, payments, and other financial services via the internet. This development in technology makes it easier for inventors to create and process crypto currencies around the world. Decentralization is the fundamental principle of digital currency. Financial regulations and control are virtually non-existent for digital currencies. As a result, investors are increasingly using it as a decentralized financial instrument. Investors can use it to conduct unregulated financial transactions from one location to any location worldwide. Digital currencies also cause financial instability, despite growth and gains. Every nation in the world faces a serious threat as a result of financial instability.
Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Fathima Farzana J.
Published: April 2023

With the advent of cryptocurrency during 2009, a new regime of exchange consideration, as well as an investment avenue without physical existence and centralized regulatory authority, started attracting the investors. These extremely volatile neo currencies created regulatory issues among apex monitoring authorities and also raised various challenges in the front of financial reporting. The main purpose of financial reporting is to present the true and fair view of the financial statement of a company. Any violation in this regard creates serious issue of corporate governance. On acceptance of cryptocurrencies as a legal tender, disclosure of such transactions will be mandatory on the part of the company trading and investing on it. At the same time, International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), has not yet issued any standards of IFRS as a guideline for accounting cryptocurrency. In this regard, a detail analysis has been presented in this chapter comprising various issues and challenges in recognizing cryptocurrency in financial statements under IFRS.
A Framework for Strategic Analysis in Dynamic and Complex Environments
Authors: Arabiun Abolghasem , Dehkordi Ali Mobini , Hosseini Elahe , Brahmi Mohsen
Published: April 2023

In the present paper, a comprehensive framework for the strategic analysis of dynamic and complex environments at micro/macro levels with a subjective/objective approach is presented. The research method used in this chapter incorporated the epistemological foundations of critical realism and complexity theory with an inductive-deductive approach. The research has been done quantitatively-qualitatively using Delphi panel and network of experts (n = 241) and AHP method for selecting dimensions. Based on the results extracted, this framework has been obtained from the two “micro-macro” and “objective-subjective” levels and the four fragmented dimensions of micro-objective, micro-subjective, macro-objective, and macro-subjective, with three levels of analysis, so that strategic issues and key challenges can be better recognized and the integrated scanning can be performed purposefully and intelligently by professional organizations consisting of multidisciplinary specialties.
Ride-Hailing Apps' Continuance Intention Among Millennials in the Indian Emerging Market
Authors: Lavuri Rambabu
Published: April 2023

The study aims to explore the continuous usage intention of ride-hailing apps by millennials utilizing the TAM model with the mediation role of service quality. Purposive sampling was employed to collect primary data from 277 Indian millennials, and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. The findings showed that perceived ease of use boosted perceived usefulness, attitude, and hedonic value, while perceived usefulness substantially affected utilitarian value and perspective. It was shown that utilitarian and hedonic values strongly impacted millennials' opinions and continued the desire to use ride-hailing applications. Service quality seems to significantly moderate impact attitudes, utilitarian and hedonic values, and ride-hailing applications' continuous intention.
Value Creation Through Innovation
Authors: Esposito Luca , Brahmi Mohsen
Published: April 2023

Innovation has become in recent years a tool to promote and allow the creation of value, that is, the ability of a company or a company to generate utility, wealth, and growth. In this chapter, the contribution of innovation in decarbonization and in combating the climate crisis is illustrated, paying particular attention to the role of renewable energy communities. They are classified as a means capable of guaranteeing environmentally friendly wealth that aims not only at maximizing profit but also at creating economically sustainable models. Currently, digitalization allows a connection to nodes, peer to peer, while initially, the model was based on one-to-many transmissions, which did not allow the decentralization that are the basis of renewable energy communities; they also have a strong social impact, aiming to increase the production and consumption of energy by renewable sources, with the aim of achieving high levels of energy efficiency within society.
A Review of Research on Telecollaboration in English as a Foreign and Second Language Learning Contexts
Authors: Toscu Saliha
Published: April 2023

This review intends to classify features, research purposes, methodologies, impacts, and limitations concerning telecollaboration in English as a foreign and second language education. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) method was utilized for the review. The main conclusions drawn from the analysis of the results showed that telecollaboration projects primarily involved bicultural groups of participants, the majority of the studies were conducted with the participation of language users at the tertiary level, the scope of research in most of the studies was based on the investigation of cultural awareness and the development of intercultural communicative competence, the methodology sections of the studies mostly involved qualitative research methods, the communication mode between/among the participants was asynchronous in most of the research, and telecollaboration projects present various benefits in EFL and ESL settings.
Significance and Scope of Agile Leadership Within Educational Settings
Authors: Awad Muna Jamel , Al Adwan Mohammad Abdelkarim
Published: April 2023

In times of transition, leaders who can achieve progress in the face of complexity, uncertainty, and opposition are required. Schools are under pressure to develop new and broader learning outcomes to prepare students for uncertain employment and life prospects, to leverage new research and technology to rethink knowledge, and even to engage students in rich and meaningful learning. To determine how to satisfy these demands in a way that serves the best interests of diverse students and communities, learning leaders with the agility to improve learning and teaching and negotiate change within the complex relational contexts of contemporary schools will be required. Agile leadership places a greater emphasis on establishing a dynamically agile strategy that depends on all sorts of variations and cultivating real-value capabilities among all partners.
School Improvement in Culturally Diverse Schools
Authors: Abdallah Rasha Khalil , Aljuburi Alaa H. , AlKhasawneh Tareq Najeeb
Published: April 2023

The concept of school improvement is about implementing blend of well-tested processes that identifies and addresses the developmental needs of the schools. Effective school improvement is not only driven by commitment to amend the learning outcomes, but it also requires supportive environment where relationships and trust are being developed. In the pursuit of school improvement, the role of quality teaching is unquestionable; however, the capacity of school leadership team in building professional learning environment is equally critical. In this respect, this chapter focuses on school improvement framework and how it impacts student's achievement and learning. The study is made in UAE school context wherein private and public schools are implementing different models for amending student's learning and development in school, shedding light on the new strategies used during COVID-19 under the concept of improvement. The study concludes with some future research directions and suggestions that can increase the value of education reforms.
Principal and Teacher Licensing as a Tool to School Improvement
Authors: Abdallah Asma Khaleel , Musah Mohammed Borhandden
Published: April 2023

The concept of principal licensing has been established in the education sector as a process of reforming school activities and student performance. The main purpose behind licensing is to ensure that school leaders are qualified and possess necessary skills for leading and managing the school activities and exercises. This research is carried out to define the importance of principal licensing in schools and education institutions. Licensing does not only improve teaching quality, but it prominently changes the school environment wherein learning culture is more promoted for schools. In this respect, the study defines how licensing makes the principals accountable towards school improvement activities and environment. Licensing in this research is discussed as a policy framework that comprises school leadership development that defines as well as distinguishes entry-level skills and expertise for principals. In addition to this, the research is supported with discussion about licensing process in the context of UAE and other countries.
Teacher Civil Liability in the Case of Breaching Educational and Control Obligations
Authors: Alqodsi Enas
Published: April 2023

The civil liability of a teacher arises from the fact that he teaches students who are mostly children in need of constant observation, supervision, and direction. Therefore, if those students cause mischief or they experience harm caused by other students or by the teacher himself, then the teacher's responsibility for mischief will surface. For an established schoolteacher, it is essential to undertake two major responsibilities, which include both management of student learning and education as well as conducting supervision on their activities. Since teachers are actively involved with the students, the act of supervision becomes an obligation under teacher responsibilities. In this regard, the study will discuss the nature of the main obligations entrusted to a teacher besides the responsibility of the state-employed teacher and the principle of the solutions of state as the one party responsible for compensating for the resulting damages in lieu of the teacher in charge.
A Globetrotter to the Future of Marketing
Authors: Reepu Reepu , Taneja Sanjay , Ozen Ercan , Singh Amandeep
Published: April 2023

A novel chance to expand reach and interact with others in a virtual environment exists thanks to the metaverse, a new and developing technology. Businesses have a lot of opportunity to use the metaverse as a brand stretching, as celebrities and other people have already started to do. Before using the metaverse for marketing and branding, there are a few potential disadvantages that must be taken into account. To fully grasp the possibilities of this new technology, this study will attempt to comprehend how people and celebrities can use the metaverse as a brand stretching. Additionally, in order to comprehend the possible advantages and disadvantages of this new technology, this research will examine the consequences of employing Metaverse as a marketing and branding tool. In the end, this research will offer perceptions on how organisations and people might use Metaverse to broaden their reach and interact with others in a virtual world.
Culture and Its Influence on Elements of Marketing Mix
Authors: Malik Reena
Published: April 2023

Globalization has given impetus to international commerce and multinational companies are marking their presence worldwide with their robust and effective marketing strategies. In order to attract the customers, it is imperative to understand their culture, value, and beliefs. Marketers need to consider these elements and modify their marketing strategies as per the religious and cultural values of the target audience. This paper aims to focus on the influence of culture on various elements of marketing mix and the adaptations towards different elements. The paper also provides an insight on the significance value of cultural factors to be considered while communicating or promoting the products by marketers.
Digitalization of Diplomacy
Authors: Akçay Ekrem Yaşar , Mutlu Murat
Published: April 2023

This chapter will discuss the changes and developments in defense diplomacy in Türkiye. Türkiye, which has taken very important steps in digitalization with the COVID-19 process, has also taken important steps in defense and digitalization of defense. The study consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, the concept of defense diplomacy will be discussed and the transformation of defense diplomacy in the historical process will be examined. In the second part, defense diplomacy practices in Türkiye and the digital transformation of defense diplomacy will be examined with examples. A descriptive method will be used in the study.
Is Inflation in Sri Lanka always and Everywhere a Monetary Phenomenon?
Authors: De Alwis Tyrone , Dewasiri N. J.
Published: April 2023

This study addresses the issue as monetarist’s claim that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Using annual data obtained from annual report of central bank of Sri Lanka over the period of 1977-2019, we tested the relationship between inflation and real GDP, broad money supply, velocity of money and nominal wages of government sector using ARDL technique. Results clearly indicates that there is a long-run and short-run relationship between inflation and other independent variables. Secondly, estimated results further indicates that velocity of money and broad money supply strongly linked in both long-run and short-run so much so that the results suggesting that money policy tools may be effective in controlling inflation in Sri Lanka. This study has number of policy implications for policy makers in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has been continuously based its monetary policy strategy on the premise that money supply and inflation has strong relationship.  In other words, as Milton Friedman put forward “inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon”.
Coleoptera associated with intermittent streams and their riparian zones in south coastal British Columbia
Authors: Schutz Zoey B.D. , Little Chelsea J.
Published: April 2023

Intermittent streams that periodically cease surface flow have long been understudied in ecology and underrepresented in conservation policy. However, they currently account for 30–50% of the global river network, and that number is rising due to anthropogenic water extraction, land-use change, and climate change. We explored the Coleoptera biodiversity of the south Pacific coast region of British Columbia, Canada, using pitfall traps at perennial and naturally intermittent stream reaches, in shoreline, dry streambed, and riparian habitats, in both flowing (spring and early summer) and nonflowing (late summer) phases. We found that habitats around perennial reaches had significantly greater abundance of Coleoptera individuals than did those around intermittent reaches. However, neither habitat type nor flow regime was a significant predictor of taxon richness, and intermittent stream sites featured unique taxa that were not found near perennial streams. This aligns with recent results from other taxonomic groups; that is, finding that intermittent ecosystems can host high taxonomic diversity of Coleoptera, on par with or even greater than that of perennial streams. Because intermittent streams will likely become more prevalent within the global river network, a better understanding of how different species use these habitats is needed to inform appropriate biodiversity conservation efforts and flow management.
Hydrological characteristics of extreme floods in the Klaserie River, a headwater stream in southern Africa
Authors: Marr Sean Murray , Swemmer Anthony Michael
Published: April 2023

Climate change models for southern Africa predict less frequent, but more intense, rainfall events, and an increased frequency of tropical cyclones. With their steep topography and small catchments, headwater streams generate large floods following intense rainfall events. Large flooding events in headwater streams are under studied in southern Africa. In this paper, we explore flooding in the upper Klaserie River, Limpopo River System, South Africa to determine the flow distribution and flood frequency for the catchment. In addition, we determine the return level for a large, economically damaging, flood generated following the landfall of a sub-tropical depression in January 2012 and, attempt to identify rainfall patterns that resulted in similar floods. An annual hydrological cycle with summer maxima and winter minima for both rainfall and flow was identified. The flood frequency analysis demonstrated that the January 2012 flood had an estimated return level of 225 years. This flood had a peak flowrate exceeding 1200 m3s-1 in a system with an average daily flowrate of 1 m3s-1. Regression tree analysis showed that a two-day rainfall in excess of 240 was a predictor for four of the five largest floods. A two-day rainfall in excess of 400 mm distinguished the January 2012 flood from other floods. Non-stationarity analyses for the flow and rainfall data and a SWAT hydrological model are recommend for the upper Klaserie River to evaluate climate and land cover changes, and their relationship to the magnitude of the 2012 flood. Our study demonstrates that South African river monitoring data can be used to detect and characterize major floods, despite deficiencies in these data. Continuation of these monitoring programs is vital for river health monitoring and the detection of trends in floods resulting from human activities and climate change.
Tubercolosi Neonatale Congenita: revisione critica dei determinanti un ritardo diagnostico in un ospedale pediatrico di riferimento
Authors: Gentile L. , Ristagno P. D. , Scibetta I. , Lancella L. , Cursi L. , Dotta A. , Perno C. F.
Published: April 2023

Not available.
Intermittent Isorhythmic Dissociation after Revascularization Treatment in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Guzman-Castro Salvador , Andrade-Cuellar Elias Noel , Perez-Castellanos Jesus Ricardo , Morales-Portano Julieta Danira , Aquino-Bruno Heberto
Published: April 2023

A 62-year-old male was admitted with anterior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction, angiography reported a proximal lesion in the left descendant artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed, with no complications, still, 72 h the electrocardiogram showed intermittent isorhythmic dissociation.
The emerging role of exosomes in the development of testicular
Authors: Li Chun-Yang , Liu Song-Po , Dai Xiao-Fang , Lan Dong-Feng , Song Tao , Wang Xian-Yao , Kong Qing-Hong , Tan Jun , Zhang Ji-Dong
Published: April 2023

The mechanisms of testicular development in mammals are complex. Testis is an organ that produces sperm and secretes androgens. It is rich in exosomes and cytokines that mediate signal transduction between tubule germ cells and distal cells, promoting testicular development and spermatogenesis. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that transmit information between cells. By transmitting information, exosomes play an important role in male infertility diseases such as azoospermia, varicocele, and testicular torsion. However, due to the wide range of sources of exosomes, extraction methods are numerous and complex. Therefore, there are many difficulties in studying the mechanisms of exosomal effects on normal development and male infertility. Therefore, in this review, first, we introduce the formation of exosomes and methods for culturing testis and sperm. Then, we introduce the effects of exosomes on different stages of testicular development. Finally, we summarize the prospects and shortcomings of exosomes when used in clinical applications. We lay the theoretical foundation for the mechanism of the influence of exosomes on normal development and male infertility.
Correlation between physical activity level and anterior knee pain in Indian recreational and professional athletes
Authors: Tiwari Anjali , Sathe Prachi Khandekar , Sathe Abhinav , Kumar D. Vijay
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:

Anterior knee pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints seen in the Indian population with high prevalence among those who are active in professional sports and recreational sports. It commonly occurs in many healthy young athletes, especially girls. The aim of the study is to compare the anterior knee pain in recreational and professional athletes.

METHODS:

This study is done to find the correlation between physical activity and anterior knee pain in recreational and professional athletes, using the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale, Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment Scale (VISA) for measurement of pain, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for measurement of physical activity. A total of 112 recreational and professional athletes participated in the study. Both online and offline mode was used in data collection.

RESULTS:

There was a correlation between physical activity and anterior knee pain.

CONCLUSION:

We found a significant negative correlation between IPAQ and Kujala Scores in recreational and professional athletes. A positive correlation between IPAQ and VISA in recreational players and IPAQ and NPRS in professional athletes was found.
A Case Report on Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy in Avoiding Surgical Intervention for Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chandra Minal , Dara Sudheer , Reddy Karthika Keethidi , Varma Rachna
Published: April 2023

Osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint also called as trapeziometacarpal joint is the most common of all five carpometacarpal joints to undergo degeneration. The patient suffers with chronic pain, tenderness, stiffness of joint, and sometimes, even deformity can be seen in long-standing cases. Due to limited treatment options, patients have to suffer with side effects of pain killers or may have to undergo surgical intervention, but intra-articular joint injections and platelet-rich plasma therapy have been proven efficacious in providing good pain relief.
Diagnostic Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Medial Branch Block of Dorsal Ramus in Facet Joint Arthropathy
Authors: Soni Lipika , Mohan Virender K. , Garg Bhavuk , Punj Jyotsna , Bhoi Debesh
Published: April 2023

Background:

Facet joint (FJ)-mediated pain is one of the frequent causes of low back pain. Fluoroscopy and computed tomography guided medial branch blocks (MBBs) are accepted as standard techniques to diagnose FJ arthropathy. Ultrasound-guided (USG) MBB can be an alternative approach for the diagnostic MBB in FJ arthropathy. This study evaluates the feasibility of USG MBB in FJ arthropathy and validates by fluoroscopy.

Materials and Methods:

Diagnostic USG MBBs were performed in sixty patients. Two medial branches were targeted for each FJ. The needle was inserted in an in-plane technique after identifying the desired site. The needle position was confirmed by fluoroscopy. Pain scores were assessed before and after the nerve block.

Results:

Out of 161 needle insertions, 139 needles (86.3%) were at the radiologically defined target point as confirmed by fluoroscopy and were labeled as successful. Mean baseline, immediately before, immediately after, and at 24 h, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores were 7.53 (0.93), 7.02 (0.93), 3.03 (1.75), and 2.80 (1.99), respectively (P < 0.05). The mean Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores before and 24 h after block were 48.77 (8.94) and 32.55 (11.32), respectively. Fifty-three patients had ≥60 points on the 100-point scale given by Helbig, and out of these patients, 44 patients had a ≥50% reduction in the NRS score.

Conclusion:

Diagnostic USG lumbar MBBs, a minimally invasive procedure without radiation exposure, can be performed with a high success rate in FJ arthropathy.
Functional Outcome of Percutaneous Spine Endoscopic Intervention in Lumbar Disc Herniation- A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Agarwal Anurag , Rastogi Shivani , Malviya Deepak , Mahapatra Swagat , Kumar Virendra , Tripathi Manoj , Sindhu Kavya
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems among developed and developing nations. The prolapsed intervertebral disc (PIVD) is the most common pathology associated with treatable low back pain. The management protocol for PIVD has evolved from conservative treatment to surgical and finally to minimally invasive pain and spine interventions.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of study was to evaluate the functional efficacy and patient satisfaction in PIVD patients with minimally invasive percutaneous endoscopic disc decompression (PEDD).

Materials and Methods:

All data was obtained from pain medicine OT records of tertiary hospital regarding epidemiological data, VAS score for pain, ODI score for functional outcome and Modified Macnab's criteria for patient satisfaction(Pre-op, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year) were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:

There were 30 male and 26 female patients in our series with the mean age of the 42.09±10.57 years. The VAS score showed statistically significant improvement 3 months (P=0.034) and at 1 year (P=0.012) postoperative. The modified ODI score showed statistically significant improvement during 3 months (P= 0.015) and 1-year score (P=0.008). The modified MACNAB scores (P= 0.001) showed significant improvement in patient satisfaction. One patient had a recurrence and opted for conventional surgical management. Few patients had transient side effects (dysesthesia-7, mild weakness-1) which improved with conservative measures.

Conclusion:

We conclude that percutaneous endoscopic disc decompression for single-level lumbar disc herniation is a safe, effective and low-cost definitive treatment modality with minimal complications.
Mutation Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Genomic Sequences in India and its Geographical Relations
Authors: Chauhan Pradip Rameshbhai , Rathva Ashish J. , Jethva Kinjal
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading all over the world, including India; the virus has been classified in various clades (L, S, V, G, GH, GR, and others) on the base of mutations. India is vulnerable to the health and financial hazards of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Even after four phases of lockdown, the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections has been increasing in India. Clinical trials for vaccine and ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor are going on. The study was conducted to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences submitted from India to identify mutations and their geographical distribution.

Material and Methods:

Three hundred and sixty-three sequences submitted from India were archived (GISAID database), compared with reference sequence (Wuhan, China), and phylogenetic tree was prepared. Sequences with more than 1% nucleotide stretching were excluded for mutation analysis, and multiple sequence analysis for 317 sequences was done. Mutations were analyzed as per phases of lockdown and geographical distribution.

Results:

Clade “GH” appears in the second and third phases of lockdown; the clade “V” has not been reported after March 17, 2020, in India. Spike protein mutation D614G was found in 166 sequences, out of which 164 sequences show P323 L mutation of nonstructural protein 12 (nsp12). RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding nsp12 shows 23 types of 364 amino acid mutations.

Discussion and Conclusion:

SARS-CoV-2 shows increasing mutations with the time and spread of the virus. The mutations in spike protein and nsp12 regions are critical for response to undergoing trials of vaccines and drugs.
Horseshoe Appendix with Double Insertion of Base: A Previously Unreported Anomaly
Authors: Roy Sourav , Chakraborty Partha , Shaw Manoranjan , Halder Pankaj Kumar
Published: April 2023

Duplication of appendix including horseshoe appendix (HA) is well reported. We present the case of acute appendicitis in a 19-year-old male where we found the appendicular base was doubly inserted into the cecum, and the tip was attached to the cecum at sagittal disposal. Ligation and transection of both bases and tip individually were carried out. This is a previously undescribed variety of appendiceal anomalies in the form of HA with double insertion of the base. This report will be a step toward broadening the horizon of knowledge regarding appendiceal anomalies and better delineation of such anomalies.
Carrying Angle of the Elbow Joint in Young Caucasian and Indian American Population
Authors: Sadacharan Chakravarthy Marx , Alikhan Sukaina B. , Packirisamy Vasanthakumar , Murlimanju B. V.
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

To establish normative anthropometric data about the carrying angle, length of the forearm, hip circumference, and body height for young Indian American and Caucasian population and to test statistically the ethnic and gender differences. The objective was also to compare the right and left carrying angle in the ethnic groups.

Material and Methods:

The present study included 200 students from the American population. Among them, 100 were Caucasians (50 females and 50 males), and 100 were Indian Americans (50 females and 50 males). These participants were aged between 18 and 30 years. Goniometer was used to measure the carrying angle, the hip circumference, body height, and length of forearm were also determined.

Results:

The present study observed that there was no statistical significance for the carrying angle compared between sides and genders of both the ethnic groups (P > 0.05). The carrying angle was higher (P < 0.05) in Caucasians than in the Indian Americans, both over the right and left upper extremities. This was observed in both the genders. The comparison between genders showed that, carrying angle was higher for females (P < 0.05) than the males in both Caucasians and Indian Americans.

Discussion and Conclusion:

This investigation contributes the morphological database in Indian Americans and Caucasians for the carrying angle. The morphological findings of this study could be used as reference values for the clinical application and ergonomics. The knowledge about the carrying angle is imperative during the surgical procedures at the elbow joint.
Aneurysmal Dilatation of Vein of Galen Associated with Thalamic Arteriovenous Malformation and Straight Sinus Agenesis
Authors: Özkaçmaz Sercan
Published: April 2023

Straight sinus agenesis is a rare congenital anatomical variation that is usually accompanied by persistent falcine sinus. Concomitance of straight sinus agenesis and absence of falcine sinus are associated with thalamic arteriovenous malformation by the disturbance of the venous flow. In this report, a very rare case of aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen associated with thalamic arteriovenous malformation and straight sinus agenesis is presented.