bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the Southeast Atmosphere Studies: Investigating Fundamental Atmospheric Chemistry Questions
Authors: Carlton Annmarie G. , de Gouw Joost , Jimenez Jose L. , Ambrose Jesse L. , Attwood Alexis R. , Brown Steven , Baker Kirk R. , Brock Charles , Cohen Ronald C. , Edgerton Sylvia , Farkas Caroline M. , Farmer Delphine , Goldstein Allen H. , Gratz Lynne , Guenther Alex , Hunt Sherri , Jaeglé Lyatt , Jaffe Daniel A. , Mak John , McClure Crystal , Nenes Athanasios , Nguyen Thien Khoi , Pierce Jeffrey R. , de Sa Suzane , Selin Noelle E. , Shah Viral , Shaw Stephanie , Shepson Paul B. , Song Shaojie , Stutz Jochen , Surratt Jason D. , Turpin Barbara J. , Warneke Carsten , Washenfelder Rebecca A. , Wennberg Paul O. , Zhou Xianling
Published: April 2018

The Southeast Atmosphere Studies (SAS), which included the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS); the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study; and the Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury and Aerosols: Distributions, Sources and Sinks (NOMADSS) study, was deployed in the field from 1 June to 15 July 2013 in the central and eastern United States, and it overlapped with and was complemented by the Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) campaign. SAS investigated atmospheric chemistry and the associated air quality and climate-relevant particle properties. Coordinated measurements from six ground sites, four aircraft, tall towers, balloon-borne sondes, existing surface networks, and satellites provide in situ and remotely sensed data on trace-gas composition, aerosol physicochemical properties, and local and synoptic meteorology. Selected SAS findings indicate 1) dramatically reduced NOx concentrations have altered ozone production regimes; 2) indicators of “biogenic” secondary organic aerosol (SOA), once considered part of the natural background, were positively correlated with one or more indicators of anthropogenic pollution; and 3) liquid water dramatically impacted particle scattering while biogenic SOA did not. SAS findings suggest that atmosphere–biosphere interactions modulate ambient pollutant concentrations through complex mechanisms and feedbacks not yet adequately captured in atmospheric models. The SAS dataset, now publicly available, is a powerful constraint to develop predictive capability that enhances model representation of the response and subsequent impacts of changes in atmospheric composition to changes in emissions, chemistry, and meteorology.
A Comparative Regional Perspective on Alternative Action Organization Responses to the Economic Crisis Across Europe
Authors: Cristancho Camilo , Loukakis Angelos
Published: April 2018

Solidarity alternatives have emerged as the response of organized social activists to periods of economic hardship all over the world, in different times. This article explores to what extent such activities have emerged across European regions following the financial crisis of 2008. Research has addressed the relationship between the economic context and the emergence of alternative action groups, tracing their spatial variation, but few works offer systematic comparative data at the regional level. This article offers a spatial overview of temporal changes among 2,600 Alternative Action Organizations (AAOs) at the regional level in nine European countries, before and after 2008. It also provides evidence of how the number of AAOs and their focus on the most needy change as a function of the intensity of the crisis and its effect on the poor and unemployed. We find no differences between countries either in terms of the number of emerging AAOs nor in their capacity to refocus their attention on the most needy, due to the intensity or type of crisis. We thus confirm existing research that explains alternative action as a response to crisis within the context of resourced and experienced social action organizations rather than as a direct reaction to economic hardship. Our results provide comprehensive evidence across multiple contexts showing that social resilience through alternative action is not produced directly by contextual distress but seems to be mediated by existing resources. This is relevant to understanding the mechanisms behind the widely acknowledged claim that alternative economies arise in contexts of economic crisis.
Exploring the Social and Solidarity Economy Sector in Greece, Spain, and Switzerland in Times of Crisis
Authors: Kalogeraki Stefania , Papadaki Marina , Pera Ros Marina
Published: April 2018

In the context of the recent economic crisis and rising inequality, interest in the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) as a viable alternative economic model has gathered pace in Europe. This article, based on an innovative content analysis approach of organizations’ websites from the LIVEWHAT project, provides a snapshot of the SSE sectors’ main features in three European countries, namely Greece, Spain, and Switzerland, to understand how the SSE is practiced in varying contexts, uniquely affected by the current economic crisis, as well as within diverse SSE origins. The findings shed some light on distinct features and similarities indicating that the Swiss SSE sector, in line with its interrelations with the Swiss market economy, shows a greater degree of formalization and professionalization that defines its management structure, main activities, types of beneficiaries, goals, and means to achieve them. On the contrary, the relatively recent expansion of the Greek SSE sector is intertwined with the economic crisis, which has left a critical imprint on the SSE’s management structure, activities, aims, and means of accomplishing them. The Spanish SSE sector’s main features, on the other hand, lie in-between the Greek and the Swiss ones, providing an amalgam of various features.
Multifactorial Causes of Tacrolimus Errors: Confusion With Strength/Formulation, Look-Alike Names, Preparation Errors, and More Ensuring Safety of Recipes for Drug Compounding Please, no more teaspoon dosing
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: April 2018

A recent string of errors associated with tacrolimus, an immunosuppressant used primarily to prevent rejection in transplant recipients, prompted ISMP to review the literature and analyze related events reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the ISMP National Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP). We found that tacrolimus has been involved in many reported errors during the past decade that have been caused by a wide variety of factors, the most common of which are described below.
The quality of question types in Swedish police interviews with young suspects of serious crimes
Authors: Winerdal Ulrika , Cederborg Ann-Christin , Lindholm Johanna
Published: April 2018

This study explores how juvenile offenders in Sweden between the age of 15 and 17 are interviewed by police officers when suspected of homicide crimes. The quality of question types was assessed in 47 authentic interviews. The findings show that the police officers used option-posing and suggestive questions most frequently and social pressure was used in three predominating ways: to confront, to challenge and to appeal for a confession. The conclusion is that the police officers’ question style to a large extent contradicts recommendations for how to interview children. There is therefore a need to develop an evidence-based interview practice for interviewing young suspects.
Despair Will Hold You Prisoner, Hope Will Set You Free: Hope and Meaning Among Released Prisoners
Authors: Vignansky Efrat , Addad Moshe , Himi Hanna
Published: April 2018

The current study examines the self-image and worldviews of 10 released prisoners in Israel through narrative analysis of their life stories, including past and present periods in their lives and future aspirations. The findings reveal a chaotic past perceived as lacking meaning, hope, and clear boundaries while being devoid of choice. Prison is considered a turning point, and attitudes after release change toward choice, life meaning, and a hopeful future. The discussion addresses these themes, and the important variables of hope and life meaning in generating changed goals and rehabilitation.
The Shortest Path Isolation Index: A New Measure for Individual-level Residential Segregation
Authors: Fineman Ross W.
Published: April 2018

The study of segregation is essential for understanding how place influences life outcomes. Traditional segregation indices rely heavily on the use of areal units for calculation, which risks introducing both measurement and interpretation error. Using individual-level data avoids many of the problems facing traditional area-level indices. However, few segregation indices currently exist that are capable of utilizing such data. Given that our understanding is only as good as our measurement, it is imperative that our measures accurately reflect our perceptions of segregation. Utilizing the recent release of the complete 1940 Census count data, this article details a new individual-level segregation measure—the shortest path isolation (SPI) index. The SPI index captures the degree of racial isolation experienced by an individual, regarding both distance and interpersonal contact. With West Philadelphia as a sample study area, this article highlights the benefits of the SPI index for studying segregation at the individual level.
Effects of empathic and positive communication in healthcare consultations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Howick Jeremy , Moscrop Andrew , Mebius Alexander , Fanshawe Thomas R , Lewith George , Bishop Felicity L , Mistiaen Patriek , Roberts Nia W , Dieninytė Eglė , Hu Xiao-Yang , Aveyard Paul , Onakpoya Igho J
Published: April 2018

Background

Practitioners who enhance how they express empathy and create positive expectations of benefit could improve patient outcomes. However, the evidence in this area has not been recently synthesised.

Objective

To estimate the effects of empathy and expectations interventions for any clinical condition.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Data sources

Six databases from inception to August 2017.

Study selection

Randomised trials of empathy or expectations interventions in any clinical setting with patients aged 12 years or older.

Review methods

Two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and graded quality of evidence using GRADE. Random effects model was used for meta-analysis.

Results

We identified 28 eligible (n = 6017). In seven trials, empathic consultations improved pain, anxiety and satisfaction by a small amount (standardised mean difference −0.18 [95% confidence interval −0.32 to −0.03]). Twenty-two trials tested the effects of positive expectations. Eighteen of these (n = 2014) reported psychological outcomes (mostly pain) and showed a modest benefit (standardised mean difference −0.43 [95% confidence interval −0.65 to −0.21]); 11 (n = 1790) reported physical outcomes (including bronchial function/ length of hospital stay) and showed a small benefit (standardised mean difference −0.18 [95% confidence interval −0.32 to −0.05]). Within 11 trials (n = 2706) assessing harms, there was no evidence of adverse effects (odds ratio 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.63). The risk of bias was low. The main limitations were difficulties in blinding and high heterogeneity for some comparisons.

Conclusions

Greater practitioner empathy or communication of positive messages can have small patient benefits for a range of clinical conditions, especially pain.

Protocol registration

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (protocol) DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011934.pub2.
Continuous reaching law based three-dimensional finite-time guidance law against maneuvering targets
Authors: Si Yu-Jie , Song Shen-Min
Published: April 2018

Three-dimensional finite-time guidance laws are proposed in this paper. Differing from the traditional approach that considers homing guidance problems as two identical and perpendicular channels, guidance laws proposed in this paper employ the coupled three-dimensional engagement dynamics to improve the guidance precision. A new reaching law is adopted to guarantee guidance laws continuous, which eliminates the chattering phenomenon caused by discontinuous terms. Moreover, the guidance law accelerates the convergence rate of closed-loop systems and avoids the singularity. Afterwards, the paper discusses the problem that the upper bound of the lumped uncertainty including the target information is unavailable. Therefore, to deal with this problem, another adaptive guidance law is presented, which can also guarantee the finite-time convergence of guidance systems. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that the two guidance laws have effective performance and outperform traditional terminal sliding mode guidance laws.
Observer design for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems
Authors: Trinh Hieu , Huong Dinh Cong , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: April 2018

This paper considers the problem of designing positive reduced-order distributed functional observers for positive fractional-order interconnected time-delay systems. The systems under consideration belong to a class of large-scale fractional-order systems where each system is formed by [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) interconnected subsystems with heterogeneous time delays in the interconnections and the local state vectors. First, a necessary and sufficient condition to ensure the positivity of the considered system is derived. Based on this result, [Formula: see text] stand-alone reduced-order positive distributed functional observers for the system are designed. These observers are always nonnegative at any time and they converge asymptotically to the true functional state vectors of the system. The designed observer for each subsystem is based on the local outputs and additional outputs from other subsystems but without the need to exchange the state estimates among the observers. Conditions for the existence of such positive distributed functional observers are derived and they are translated into a linear programming problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design method is supported by four numerical examples and simulation results.
New adaptive sliding mode control for a mismatched second-order system using an extended disturbance observer
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Liu Yuchao , Zhou Jun
Published: April 2018

An adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC) approach for a second-order system based on an extended disturbance observer (EDO) is proposed in this paper for systems with mismatched uncertainties. The EDO-based ASMC method is investigated to eliminate the effect of mismatched disturbance by using a novel adaptive sliding surface consisting of the disturbance estimation. The proposed method exhibits the following two attractive features: Firstly, the proposed adaptive sliding mode with disturbance estimation is insensitive to the mismatched disturbance; that is, the asymptotical stability of the adaptive sliding mode can be guaranteed in the presence of the disturbance estimation error of the EDO. Secondly, the chattering in traditional sliding mode control methods is eliminated by using an adaptive term the adaptive parameter. Compared with the disturbance-observer-based sliding mode control and the EDO-based modified sliding mode control method, numerical simulation results and application examples show that the proposed approach is robust, has the best dynamic performance and eliminates chattering.
ALLIANCE perspectives on integration of humans and the environment into the system of radiological protection
Authors: Vandenhove H. , Bradshaw C. , Beresford N.A. , Vives i Batlle J. , Real A. , Garnier-Laplace J.
Published: April 2018

Risks posed by the presence of radionuclides in the environment require an efficient, balanced, and adaptable assessment for protecting exposed humans and wildlife, and managing the associated radiological risk. Exposure of humans and wildlife originate from the same sources releasing radionuclides to the environment. Environmental concentrations of radionuclides serve as inputs to estimate the dose to man, fauna, and flora, with transfer processes being, in essence, similar, which calls for a common use of transport models. Dose estimates are compared with the radiological protection criteria for humans and wildlife, such as those developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. This indicates a similarity in the approaches for impact assessment in humans and wildlife, although some elements are different (e.g. the protection endpoint for humans is stochastic effects on individuals, whereas for wildlife, it is deterministic effects on species and ecosystems). Human and environmental assessments are consistent and complementary in terms of how they are conducted and in terms of the underlying databases (where appropriate). Not having an integrated approach may cause difficulties for operators and regulators, for communication to stakeholders, and may even hamper decision making. For optimised risk assessment and management, the impact from non-radiation contaminants and stressors should also be considered. Both in terms of the underlying philosophy and the application via appropriate tools, the European Radioecology Alliance (ALLIANCE) upholds that integration of human and ecological impact and risk assessment is recommended from several perspectives (e.g. chemical/radiological risks).
An investigation of the experiences of Nicaraguan Costeño librarians
Authors: Ndumu Ana , Mon Lorraine
Published: April 2018

This research examines the experiences of librarians in Bluefields, Nicaragua. Semi-structured interviews and photovoice activities were used to investigate librarians’ professional development, daily operations, and ways of meeting the information needs of Costeños—or, Miskitu, Rama, and Sumu indigenous groups as well as African-descending Creoles. The findings suggest that librarians’ accounts coincide with established knowledge on Nicaragua's library landscape: libraries are predominantly formal and education-related; Nicaraguan society values oral knowledge or word-of-mouth information; and when compared with academic libraries, Nicaraguan public libraries are fewer and lack resources. Libraries on the Atlantic coast can strengthen their services through collaborations as well as culturally-based services. Additionally, the photovoice technique was found to be an effective tool for conducting research involving multicultural communities.
Do Coffee Farmers Benefit in Food Security from Participating in Coffee Cooperatives? Evidence from Southwest Ethiopia Coffee Cooperatives
Authors: Shumeta Zekarias , D’Haese Marijke
Published: April 2018

Background:

Most coffee in Ethiopia is produced by smallholder farmers who face a daily struggle to get sufficient income but also to feed their families. At the same time, many smallholder coffee producers are members of cooperatives. Yet, literature has paid little attention to the effect of cooperatives on combating food insecurity among cash crop producers including coffee farmers.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to investigate how coffee cooperative membership may affect food security among coffee farm households in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:

The study used cross-sectional household data on income, expenditure on food, staple food production (maize and teff), and utilization of improved inputs (fertilizer and improved seed) collected from 256 randomly selected farm households (132 cooperative members and 124 nonmembers) and applied an inverse probability weighting (IPW) estimation to assess the impact of cooperative membership on food security.

Results:

The result revealed that cooperative membership has a positive and significant effect on staple food production (maize and teff) and facilitated technological transformation via increased utilization of fertilizer and improved seeds. Nonetheless, the effect on food expenditure and income could not be confirmed.

Conclusion:

Findings suggest a trade-off between coffee marketing and input supply functions of the cooperatives, impairing their true food security impact from the pooled income and production effect.
Effects of Student Choice of Instructional Method on the Learning Outcomes of Students With Comorbid Learning and Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities
Authors: Billingsley Glenna M. , Thomas Cathy N. , Webber Jo A.
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether learning preferences of secondary students identified with concomitant learning disabilities (LD) and emotional disturbance (ED) align with the instructional method with which they best learned mathematics. Responses to a preference survey given before and after instruction were compared with learning outcomes in a single-subject, alternating treatments research design investigating the effects of direct teach, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and a combination of both methods. Results showed that most students were able to predict, by choice or stated preference, conditions under which they will learn best and, in hindsight, indicate the condition that provided the best learning outcome. This small study contributes to the literature on secondary mathematics learning for students with LD, and makes unique contributions regarding (a) the learning of students with comorbid LD and ED and (b) implementation of instruction that combines direct teach with CAI.
The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry
Authors: Hormozi Maryam , Mirzaei Ramazan , Nakhaee Alireza , Izadi Shahrokh , Dehghan Haghighi Javid
Published: April 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.
Prediction of Cognitive Performance and Subjective Sleepiness Using a Model of Arousal Dynamics
Authors: Postnova Svetlana , Lockley Steven W. , Robinson Peter A.
Published: April 2018

A model of arousal dynamics is applied to predict objective performance and subjective sleepiness measures, including lapses and reaction time on a visual Performance Vigilance Test (vPVT), performance on a mathematical addition task (ADD), and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The arousal dynamics model is comprised of a physiologically based flip-flop switch between the wake- and sleep-active neuronal populations and a dynamic circadian oscillator, thus allowing prediction of sleep propensity. Published group-level experimental constant routine (CR) and forced desynchrony (FD) data are used to calibrate the model to predict performance and sleepiness. Only the studies using dim light (<15 lux) during alertness measurements and controlling for sleep and entrainment before the start of the protocol are selected for modeling. This is done to avoid the direct alerting effects of light and effects of prior sleep debt and circadian misalignment on the data. The results show that linear combination of circadian and homeostatic drives is sufficient to predict dynamics of a variety of sleepiness and performance measures during CR and FD protocols, with sleep-wake cycles ranging from 20 to 42.85 h and a 2:1 wake-to-sleep ratio. New metrics relating model outputs to performance and sleepiness data are developed and tested against group average outcomes from 7 (vPVT lapses), 5 (ADD), and 8 (KSS) experimental protocols, showing good quantitative and qualitative agreement with the data (root mean squared error of 0.38, 0.19, and 0.35, respectively). The weights of the homeostatic and circadian effects are found to be different between the measures, with KSS having stronger homeostatic influence compared with the objective measures of performance. Using FD data in addition to CR data allows us to challenge the model in conditions of both acute sleep deprivation and structured circadian misalignment, ensuring that the role of the circadian and homeostatic drives in performance is properly captured.
Centering Subjectivities
Authors: Wachter Karin , Snyder Susanna
Published: April 2018

Postcolonial feminist and African diaspora theories provide lenses through which to consider the impacts of forced migration on the internal and relational lives of women—aspects of experience less visible in policy, practice, and scholarship. Policy, practice, and research contribute to the framing of “refugees” as a static category of people irrespective of complex histories, geopolitical origins, and fluid identities impacted by structural forces. They can thus deny the subjective possibilities of women through the construction of identities that informs who refugees are and who they are expected to become. These overarching trends reflected in policy and practice have particular implications for women whose internal and relational processes remain to a large extent invisible. Drawing from postcolonial feminist and African diaspora theories, this article suggests that a practice of centering the subjectivities of women in forced migration may enhance the work of researchers and practitioners.
“Little Girls” and “Bitching Up”
Authors: Newberry-Koroluk Andrea Margaret
Published: April 2018

This article explores the ways in which age and gender intersect to shape the workplace experiences of first-year Canadian social workers. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with nine early-career (0.6–3.7 years post-bachelor of social work [BSW]), young adult (aged 23.9–32.9) social workers in Alberta, Canada, to understand their experiences in the first year of practice after completing the BSW; this article addresses the themes relating to age and gender. The methodology used in the study was hermeneutic phenomenology. Findings include negative conceptualizations of young social workers, meanings related to age and gender, use of evocative language to communicate positionality and practice values (“little girls” and “bitching up”), and feminized constructions of social work. Implications for social work education, practice, and research are discussed.
“Everything Changes”: Listening to Homicidally Bereaved Individuals’ Practice and Intervention Needs
Authors: Alves-Costa Filipa , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , Halligan Sarah
Published: April 2018

This study sought to understand how individuals bereaved through homicide (murder or manslaughter) describe their postevent experiences to inform clinical needs and promote mechanisms for change. A total of 21 participants (18 females) between the ages of 29 and 66 ( M age = 47.81 years, SD = 8.99) took part in this study. They were all participating in a residential program for homicidally bereaved individuals and were all residents in the United Kingdom. The sample comprised of 12 parents, five siblings, one partner, one daughter, one friend, and one grandmother of the deceased. The length of time since the bereavement varied from 12 months to 18 years ( M = 2.48, SD = 1.80). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the narratives collected. Three central themes emerged, namely (a) uniqueness of the experience, (b) changed self and world, and (c) mixed experiences of support. The uniqueness of the individuals’ experiences was associated with the nature of the homicide event and the consequences that are unlikely to occur in “normal” deaths (e.g., judiciary). A sense of a changed self (e.g., ongoing emotional/mental and physical responses, coping) and world (e.g., changed beliefs regarding safety and criminal activity) seemed to be contributing to different shades of (mal)adjustment. Adaptive and protective strategies were identified. The current study with a large qualitative sample generated a unique, rich description/integration about individuals’ journeys following an experience of homicidal bereavement. Findings are likely to inform policy and clinical practice by considering individuals’ voices.
Vocational Anticipatory Socialization, Self-Determination Theory, and Meaningful Work: Parents’ and Children’s Recollection of Memorable Messages About Work
Authors: Scarduzio Jennifer A. , Real Kevin , Slone Amanda , Henning Zachary
Published: April 2018

This study explored memorable messages that parents recall communicating and young adults recall receiving about meaningfulness and work, using the lens of self-determination theory (SDT). Analysis of 377 memorable messages revealed that such messages relate to the basic psychological needs underlying SDT competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Autonomy messages were the most commonly recalled by fathers’ whereas mothers’ messages aligned more with competence. Our research suggests implications for the important link between SDT and meaningful work in the context of parent–child relationships. Our theoretical implications extend the connections between the components of SDT and meaningful work and explore how parents’ and young adults’ match and mismatch.
The Struggle for Recognition: The Politics of Migrant Care Worker Policies in Taiwan
Authors: Chien Yi-Chun
Published: April 2018

This article investigates how local political context—including civil society and political parties—influences the development of migrant care worker policies in Taiwan. This is particularly important in a national context where the government has actively utilized migrant care worker policies to solve the crisis in the social welfare sector. This article draws upon documentary analysis of policy debates on the proposed implementation of Long-Term Care Insurance and in-depth interviews with government officials, public service providers and non-governmental organizations to explore how the political alliances of political parties, social organizations, and interest groups affect policy outcomes. While current research focuses on the relationship between social welfare policies and the employment of migrant care workers, this article highlights the local political context and explores how political alliances have influenced the development of migrant care worker policies. This article argues that institutional path dependency and the strong policy alliance between the progressive party and social welfare organizations have stymied changes in migrant care worker policies and prevented Taiwan from further socializing the eldercare sector.
Finite element simulation of residual stress in machining of Ti-6Al-4V with a microstructural consideration
Authors: Pan Zhipeng , Liang Steven Y , Garmestani Hamid
Published: April 2018

Machining-induced residual stress plays significant role in the corrosion resistance and fatigue life of the manufacturing end-product. The high temperature condition in the turning process could induce microstructure changes of titanium alloys, which would directly influence the residual stress generation in the machining process. A prediction model is proposed to calculate the microstructure evolution in orthogonal turning process. Based on the explicit calculation of grain size growth and phase transformation, a microstructure-sensitive Johnson–Cook model considering the material microstructural attributes is developed for the machining-induced residual stress prediction of Ti-6Al-4V. Grain size characterization with electron backscatter diffraction test is conducted on the machined workpiece surface. Experimental measurement on force and residual stresses are conducted for model validations. The predicted force value agrees well with the measurement data. The general trend of residual stress profile is captured by the prediction model. The mechanisms of how the residual stress would be influenced by the different machining conditions, such as surface cutting speed, and feed rate, are also studied. The proposed method provides an in-depth understanding on the machined workpiece residual stress distribution as influenced by material microstructural attributes evolution in the machining process.
Laser brazing of 321 and 410 stainless steels with AMS 4777 filler metal: Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Khorram Ali
Published: April 2018

321 and 410 stainless steels were brazed using 400 W pulsed Nd:YAG laser source with AMS 4777 filler metal for various joint clearances. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the microstructure of all specimens. Mechanical properties (microhardness and tensile test) of all specimens were evaluated. The wetting, spreading, and flowing of AMS 4777 filler metal on substrates during this process were modeled using finite volume model. The equations of conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy were solved in FLUENT software for calculating volume fraction and liquid fraction. AMS 4777 filler metal shows excellent wettability on the 321 and 410 stainless steels. The filler metal and specimens mainly consist of nickel solid solution (Ni), chromium boride (CrB), and nickel boride (Ni3B). The average microhardness for specimens in seam is 492 HV. The tensile strength of specimens changes from 200 up to 480 MPa due to various joint clearances. The higher tensile strength of 321 stainless steel specimens in comparison with 410 stainless steel specimens is due to less wetting angle and more spreading width of filler metal. The simulated results show that this model can be used for predicting geometry of joints at various joint clearances.
The Dark Side of Context: Context Reinstatement Can Distort Memory
Authors: Doss Manoj K. , Picart Jamila K. , Gallo David A.
Published: April 2018

It is widely assumed that context reinstatement benefits memory, but our experiments revealed that context reinstatement can systematically distort memory. Participants viewed pictures of objects superimposed over scenes, and we later tested their ability to differentiate these old objects from similar new objects. Context reinstatement was manipulated by presenting objects on the reinstated or switched scene at test. Not only did context reinstatement increase correct recognition of old objects, but it also consistently increased incorrect recognition of similar objects as old ones. This false recognition effect was robust, as it was found in several experiments, occurred after both immediate and delayed testing, and persisted with high confidence even after participants were warned to avoid the distorting effects of context. To explain this memory illusion, we propose that context reinstatement increases the likelihood of confusing conceptual and perceptual information, potentially in medial temporal brain regions that integrate this information.
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Geospatial Diffusion Patterns of 2013 Dengue Outbreak in Jhapa District, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Bipin Kumar , Cao Chunxiang , Xu Min , Chen Wei , Pandit Shreejana
Published: April 2018

This study describes spatiotemporal distribution and geospatial diffusion patterns of dengue outbreak of 2013 in Jhapa district, Nepal. Laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were collected from the District Public Health Office, Government of Nepal. Choropleth mapping technique, Global Moran’s Index, SaTScan, and standard deviational ellipse were used to map and quantify the outbreak dynamics. The results revealed heterogeneous distribution and globally autocorrelated patterns. Local clusters were observed in 3 major urban centers. The standard deviational ellipse demonstrated the outbreak occurred from the east and diffused to the west along the east-west highway in different weeks. The results of this study could be useful to public health authorities to plan and execute dengue control strategies.
Crime Diversity: Reexamining Crime Richness Across Spatial Scales
Authors: Lentz Theodore S.
Published: April 2018

Although much of the crime and place literature seeks to explain crime frequency in relation to environmental conditions, few studies have examined crime diversity in space. This article reexamines a study of crime diversity in relation to a neutral model assuming environmental conditions have minimal influence on crime patterns. The original study results show that the variety of crime types in a given area (i.e., crime richness) increases regularly across spatial scales, and is largely consistent with a neutral or random process. This conclusion makes no appeal to the crime-environment dependencies often believed to influence crime occurrence, making the study a worthy candidate for additional scrutiny. The current study first verifies the original study results in Los Angeles, CA, and demonstrates their robustness with alternative crime classification schemes. Next, two alternative methods are used to check whether results differ when (a) locations are sampled randomly from the entire city rather than observed crime locations, and (b) when the unit of analysis is grid cells rather than “point-buffers.” Finally, all analyses are replicated in St. Louis, MO, as a first look at generalizability. Conclusions are largely consistent with the original study, but important differences arise when alternative sampling techniques and units of analysis are used. Future directions for crime diversity research are discussed.
Health Capability Deprivations in a Rural Swazi Community: Understanding Complexity With Theoretically Informed, Qualitatively Driven, Mixed-Method Design, Participatory Action Research
Authors: Brear Michelle R. , Shabangu Pinky N. , Fisher Jane R. , Hammarberg Karin , Keleher Helen M. , Livingstone Charles
Published: April 2018

Comprehensive theories of health justice can supplement rights-based approaches like primary health care, by conceptualizing key terms, and systematizing knowledge about structural factors that influence health. Our aim was to use “health capability” as a theoretical lens for understanding how primary health care approaches might address structural factors impeding health in a rural Swazi community. We conducted abductive, interpretive, analysis of a mixed-method (QUAL+quan) data set about “health capability deprivations,” generated through participatory action research. Four themes are discussed: illness and disease, unhealthy daily living environments, inability to move freely, and gendered expectations and norms. The analysis demonstrates that there were complex interrelationships between health capability deprivations, material and ideological deprivation prevented community members from aspiring to or securing their right to health, health capability theory can augment primary health care approaches and vice versa, and qualitatively driven, mixed-method research can generate unique insights about structural factors that influence health.
Impact of Chronic Antiplatelet Therapy on Infarct Size and Bleeding in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Campodonico Jeness , Cosentino Nicola , Milazzo Valentina , Rubino Mara , De Metrio Monica , Marana Ivana , Moltrasio Marco , Grazi Marco , Lauri Gianfranco , Bonomi Alice , Veglia Fabrizio , Chiorino Elisa , Assanelli Emilio , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Marenzi Giancarlo
Published: April 2018

Background:

Patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are often on prior single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or a dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Whether chronic SAPT or DAPT is beneficial or associated with an increased risk in AMI is still controversial.

Methods and Results:

We prospectively enrolled 1718 consecutive patients with AMI (798 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 920 non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) who were divided according to their chronic APT (no APT, SAPT, or DAPT). The study primary end point was the infarct size, as estimated by troponin I peak. Incidence of major bleeding was also evaluated. Five hundred thirty-six (31%) patients were on chronic SAPT and 215 (13%) on DAPT. A graded increase in Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) and Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines (CRUSADE) risk scores was found going from patients without APT to those with DAPT, while a progressive smaller troponin I peak was observed with the increasing number of chronic antiplatelet agents (11.2 [interquartile range: 2-45] ng/mL, 6.6 [1-33] ng/mL, and 4.1 [1-24] ng/mL; P < .001 for trend). This result was maintained after adjustment for baseline ischemic risk profile (GRACE score) and other major confounders ( P < .001). The incidence of bleeding was higher in patients on chronic APT than in those without APT (5.2% vs 2.4%; P = .002). However, when the bleeding risk was adjusted for the CRUSADE risk score, chronic SAPT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-2.53) and DAPT (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.29-1.70) were not associated with an increased bleeding risk.

Conclusion:

In patients with AMI, chronic APT is associated with higher baseline ischemic and bleeding risks. Despite this and unexpectedly, they have a smaller infarct size and similar adjusted bleeding risk.
Editor Recommendations for Successfully Writing for Beyond Behavior
Authors: Mooney Paul , Ryan Joseph B.
Published: April 2018

As Beyond Behavior editors, we frequently hear that differences in readership, content, and writing styles between traditional research and practitioner journals can make it difficult for scholars to write high-quality practitioner-oriented articles. To address these challenges, we offer suggestions for publishing in Beyond Behavior based on our editorial experiences. Recommendations include understanding the journal’s goals and manuscript types published and planning and explicitly writing with a specific message and structure for an identified audience.
Fundamental solutions in the linear theory of thermoelasticity for solids with triple porosity
Authors: Svanadze Merab
Published: April 2018

This paper deals with the fully coupled linear theory of thermoelasticity for triple porosity materials. The system of general governing equations of motion is expressed in terms of the displacement vector field, the pressures in the three pore systems (macro-, meso- and micropores) and the temperature. The fundamental solutions are constructed explicitly by means of elementary functions for the five special cases of the equations of motion: (1) equations of steady vibrations; (2) equations in the Laplace transform space; (3) equations of steady vibrations in the quasi-static theory; (4) equations of equilibrium; and (5) equations of steady vibrations for rigid body with triple porosity. Finally, the basic properties of these solutions are established.
Improved calculation of load-dependent gear losses by consideration of so far disregarded influences
Authors: Jurkschat T , Lohner T , Stahl K
Published: April 2018

The topic of this study was subject to the efficiency calculation of gearboxes. Additional analyses were performed with regard to an existing calculation approach, to improve the calculation of load-dependent gear losses by so far disregarded influences. On the one hand, the influence of the driving direction was investigated. During this, the driving and driven test gears considered showed high differences of the specific sliding at tooth root and tooth tip. On the other hand, the influence of the change of contact ratio under load was studied. Both influences showed considerable influence on the load-dependent gear losses. An equation for an optimized calculation of the load-dependent gear losses is given.
Two cases of anaphylactic shock by methylprednisolone in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Takahashi Keita , Asano Tetsuya , Higashiyama Yuichi , Koyano Shigeru , Doi Hiroshi , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Tanaka Fumiaki
Published: April 2018

Steroid pulse therapy with methylprednisolone (mPSL) succinate ester is the most common treatment for neuromyelitis optica (NMO); no cases of anaphylaxis have been reported to date. Here, we report two cases of anaphylactic shock induced by mPSL pulse therapy in patients with NMO and concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus. Both patients had received several courses of mPSL pulse therapy without any problems previously. Repeated mPSL pulse therapy and comorbid humoral autoimmune disease might increase the risk of anaphylaxis. Corticosteroids without succinate esters should be considered as an alternative therapy to prevent anaphylaxis.
Web-based rehabilitation interventions for people with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review
Authors: Srikesavan Cynthia , Bryer Catherine , Ali Usama , Williamson Esther
Published: April 2018

Background

Rehabilitation approaches for people with rheumatoid arthritis include joint protection, exercises and self-management strategies. Health interventions delivered via the web have the potential to improve access to health services overcoming time constraints, physical limitations, and socioeconomic and geographic barriers. The objective of this review is to determine the effects of web-based rehabilitation interventions in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials that compared web-based rehabilitation interventions with usual care, waiting list, no treatment or another web-based intervention in adults with rheumatoid arthritis were included. The outcomes were pain, function, quality of life, self-efficacy, rheumatoid arthritis knowledge, physical activity and adverse effects. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results

Six source documents from four trials ( n = 567) focusing on self-management, health information or physical activity were identified. The effects of web-based rehabilitation interventions on pain, function, quality of life, self-efficacy, rheumatoid arthritis knowledge and physical activity are uncertain because of the very low quality of evidence mostly from small single trials. Adverse effects were not reported.

Conclusion

Large, well-designed trials are needed to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of web-based rehabilitation interventions in rheumatoid arthritis.
Creative disruption: Edward Bunker, carceral habitus, and the criminological value of fiction
Authors: Page Joshua , Goodman Philip
Published: April 2018

Drawing on Edward Bunker’s semi-autobiographical novels, this article argues for the criminological value of fiction. Drawing inspiration and extending core insights from “narrative criminology” and “popular criminology”, we posit that novels and other creative sources can disrupt scholarly commonsense, pushing scholars to reconsider and extend theoretical perspectives. Specifically, Bunker’s fiction encourages re-thinking of overly cognitive (i.e. “mentalist”) understandings of “prisonization”, which do not sufficiently capture the embodiment of carceral culture and routines. Through Bunker’s work, we flesh out the concept of “carceral habitus”—itself deeply gendered and raced—to extend theories of prisonization, deepening understandings of how incarceration transforms people. We affirm that literary devices provide scholars innovative paths to communicating full-bodied accounts that breathe new vitality into criminological theory.