bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTUDO DA NÃO ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO DA DOENÇA FALCIFORME: O CASO DE UMA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Brito Luana Santana , Carvalho Evanilda Souza de Santana , Cerqueira Sheila Santa Bárbara , Lacerda Flávia Karine Leal
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: compreender os aspectos que influenciam a não adesão ao tratamento da doençafalciforme em uma família com vários membros adoecidos.Método: estudo de caso único realizado com quatro irmãos com doença falciforme acompanhadosem um Centro de Referência no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram colhidos por questionário,entrevista aberta e desenho-estória com tema.Resultados: os temas emergidos foram: Preconceito e discriminação promovem o autoisolamento;Dificuldade para deslocamento impede as idas ao serviço; A unidade de saúde é um espaço queamplia dúvidas e incertezas; Desesperança leva à desistência do tratamento.Conclusão: amparo social, suporte emocional, instrumental e educacional são essenciais parareduzir a vulnerabilidade da família que vivencia a doença falciforme. Conteúdos abordados nasunidades de saúde necessitam incluir perspectivas de experiências positivas, fomentando esperançae construção de sentidos para a vida no processo de adoecimento crônico, a fim de aumentar aadesão ao tratamento.
PERCEPÇÃO DE PACIENTES SOBRE A PRÁTICA DE YOGA EM UNIDADE DE INTERNAÇÃO PSIQUIÁTRICA EM HOSPITAL GERAL
Authors: Silva Filho José Augusto da , Schneider Jacó Fernando , Camatta Marcio Wagner , Nasi Cíntia , Tisott Zaira Letícia , Schmid Michele
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: compreender o significado da prática de yoga para pacientes em uma Unidade deInternação Psiquiátrica em um Hospital Geral.Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com o referencial teórico-filosófico da fenomenologia de MauriceMerleau-Ponty. Participaram do estudo 15 pacientes de uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátricade Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados no segundo semestre de 2017,por meio de entrevistas, e analisados mediante análise fenomenológica.Resultados: o fenômeno em estudo foi sustentado pelas unidades temáticas: emergir da corporeidade;sensações de bem-estar, leveza, tranquilidade e paz; melhora no padrão de pensamento; quebrade paradigmas; melhoria na qualidade do sono; movimento de temporalidade.Conclusão: a prática de yoga com pacientes de uma Unidade de Internação Psiquiátrica proporcionoumelhor entendimento dos conceitos e percepções dessa prática milenar por eles, observando-senas falas a riqueza de vivências e impactos positivos em sua saúde mental.
FRAGILIDADE FÍSICA E INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA DE IDOSOS EM ASSISTÊNCIA AMBULATORIAL
Authors: Lenardt Maria Helena , Moraes Dayana Cristina , Setlik Clarice Maria , Setoguchi Larissa Sayuri , Mello Bruno Henrique de , Frohlich Gabriella Mariani Vidal
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: analisar a associação dos marcadores e da condição de fragilidade física à incontinênciaurinária em assistência ambulatorial de geriatria e gerontologia.Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido na atenção secundária à saúde de ambulatório doParaná, com 384 idosos. Coletaram-se dados entre setembro de 2016 a março de 2017 mediantefenótipo de fragilidade e questionário International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire -Short Form.Resultados: dos idosos 118 (30,7%) foram considerados não frágeis, 212 (55,2%) pré-frágeis, 54(14,1%) frágeis, 106 (27,6%) com incontinência urinária, 50 (47,2%) com impacto muito gravena rotina diária, 18 (17,0%) grave, 16 (15,0%) moderado, 11 (10,4%) leve a nenhum impacto.Associaram-se à incontinência urinária a condição de fragilidade (p=0,011), os marcadores forçade preensão manual diminuída (p=0,027), fadiga e exaustão (p=0,002) e velocidade da marchareduzida (p=0,000).Conclusão: os resultados contribuem com o desenvolvimento crítico da enfermagem no momentode avaliar as necessidades de cuidado gerontológico.
Attrition of Oral Communicative Ability among Saudi EFL Graduates A Study in Qassim University
Authors: Al-Sulaiman Raghad S.
Published: April 2020

After graduation, many Saudi EFL graduates find themselves losing their oral communicative competence, which could be attributed to the period of their English non-use. To explore such a pressing issue, the following study investigates the effect of English non-use on a surveyed sample of Saudi EFL graduates, and how such disuse correlates with the attrition of their English speaking and understanding abilities. The study also sheds light on the most used language maintenance strategies among the subjects. Situated in Qassim University, the study surveyed 101 female and male Saudi EFL graduates majoring in English fields, using a structured questionnaire design. The quantitative results suggest that the longer the period of language disuse, the more likely the attrition of oral communicative abilities of Saudi EFL graduates will occur. They also suggest that EFL Saudi graduates are more likely to lose their understanding abilities of English than they are to lose their speaking abilities. Finally, it was found that Saudi EFL graduates engage in a variety of language maintenance techniques, such as watching movies and conversing in English with both native and non-native speakers. The study urges employers and decision-makers to help Saudi EFL graduates in making the best use of their abilities as soon as they graduate, as they are more likely to be vulnerable to attrition as the years pass.
(On)zekerheden bij het financieren van het product-als-dienstmodel
Authors: van Oostrum C.H.A.
Published: April 2020

(On)zekerheden bij het financieren van het product-als-dienstmodel

Ondernemingen die ondernemen conform de uitgangpunten van de circulaire economie ervaren moeilijkheden bij het aantrekken van vreemd vermogen. Dit komt omdat hun innovatieve verdienmodellen voor kredietverstrekkers onzekerheden bevatten. Deze onzekerheden komen ook tot uitdrukking bij het op waarde schatten van de geboden zekerheden. Deze problematiek speelt met name bij circulaire ondernemingen met een product-als-dienstmodel. De problematiek komt voort uit het gegeven dat deze ondernemingen het product-als-dienstmodel toepassen op producten die een lage waarde vertegenwoordigen of die vatbaar zijn voor natrekking. Dit in tegenstelling tot ondernemingen met een traditionele toepassing van het product-als-dienstmodel zoals autolea‍semaatschappijen. In dit artikel bespreekt de auteur onzekerheden die een rol spelen bij het bieden van zekerheid voor de financiering van het product-als-dienstmodel zoals dat wordt toegepast door circulaire ondernemingen. Ook wordt ingegaan op mogelijke oplossingen die zijn aangedragen in de literatuur en de praktijk.
Wpływ
nieuzgodnionych zmian
w projekcie na niezawodność
układu konstrukcyjnegości
Authors: Rawska Anna , Tylek Izabela , Kuchta Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

W artykule przedstawiono wymagania dotyczące niezawodności konstrukcji budowlanych zawarte w krajowych przepisach prawnych i europejskich normach technicznych. Omówiono wpływ zmian projektowych na poziom niezawodności obiektu budowlanego. Podano przykłady wprowadzania zmian w projekcie budowlanym bez zgody osoby posiadającej odpowiednie projektowe uprawnienia budowlane oraz omówiono konsekwencje takich działań.
Dobór filtrującego sprzętu ochrony układu oddechowego do ochrony przed nanocząstkami
Authors: Makowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

W artykule zawarto podstawowe informacje dotyczące ochrony układu oddechowego przed aerozolami zawierającymi nanocząstki. Nanocząstkami, z którymi coraz częściej mamy do czynienie nie tylko w pracy zawodowej, na skutek rozwoju nowych technologii, ale również w życiu codziennym. Rosnąca ilość zagrożeń wchłanianych drogą oddechową, związana z rozwojem przemysłu, nowymi technologiami i zanieczyszczeniem środowiska, w którym żyjemy jest w obecnych czasach sytuacją, z którą coraz częściej musimy się mierzyć. Niezwykle istotna z punktu widzenia zdrowia społeczeństwa jest również rosnąca świadomość użytkowników sprzętu ochrony układu oddechowego odnośnie istniejących zagrożeń. Przywykliśmy już do obrazu osób w półmaskach filtrujących na ulicach naszych miast, chroniących się przed smogiem. Historia oczyszczania powietrza do oddychania sięga czasów Cesarstwa Rzymskiego, gdzie w pierwszym wieku naszej ery najprawdopodobniej po raz pierwszy zastosowano środek ochrony układu oddechowego. Jest ona niewątpliwie związana z historią rozwoju i potrzeb ludzkości. Ochrona układu oddechowego poprzez stosowanie indywidualnych rozwiązań w postaci sprzętu ochrony układu oddechowego, w dzisiejszym świecie staje się zjawiskiem coraz powszechniejszym. Nie dotyczy ona już tylko pracowników ale również osób prywatnych.
Biometric Authentication Based on Electrocardiogram
Authors: Bogdanov M.R. , Filippova A.S. , Shakhmametova G.R. , N. Oskin Nikolai
Published: April 2020

The life of modern society is impossible without trust. To ensure trust in the digital world, various encryption algorithms and password policies are used. Passwords are used in a variety of applications from banking applications to email. The advantages of passwords include ease of use and widespread distribution. Forgotten password can be restored or changed. Password weaknesses are largely related to the human factor. Many users use passwords such as “1234” or “qwerty,” and they are also willing to share passwords with friends and colleagues. Vulnerabilities are also associated with software and hardware manufacturers. Many Wi-Fi routers preset very simple passwords, which many users leave unchanged. There are questions for manufacturers of mobile applications. Due to the imperfection of their software, personal data of users often leak. Due to the prevalence of social networks, new authentication methods have appeared. On many websites, you can use accounts from Facebook  or Gmail.com for authentication. If hackers manage to break into large IT vendors, then millions of accounts will be leaked. Many common password problems can be overcome with biometric identification. In particular, biometric data are very difficult to fake; they usually do not change over time. Widespread methods of biometric identification, such as fingerprinting, retina recognition, and voice recognition have various vulnerabilities unfortunately.
Performance Analysis of a New Combined Organic Rankine Cycle and Vapor Compression Cogeneration and Tri-Generation and Water Desalination
Authors: Toujani Noureddine , Bouaziz Nahla , Kairouani Lakder
Published: April 2020

The new ORC-VCC combined system is analyzed. It is a new system that can be operated in four modes depending on the type of energy. The novelty of the system appears essentially in the development of new ORC-VCC combination architecture, the lowering of the condensation temperature, the possibility of cold production by the ORC cycle affected by the pumping phase, preheating of fluid cycle using the VCC cycle fluid, and new configurations based on the integration of heat recovery systems to improve overall system performance. In addition, each installation mode has several configurations depending on the recovery points that will be integrated later, besides its adaptation to any energy source, where we can use biomass, solar, and heat rejects of industry at low temperatures (60–130°C). This system can produce under and above zero temperature. Although, due to its architecture, it is also characterized by many combination of selection fluid for the ORC and VCC cycles, it is not necessary to have the same working fluid as in the classic systems. In this study, three configurations are examined and studied in terms of energy efficiency mainly the performance of each configuration including net power, refrigeration capacity and overall efficiency, the thermal efficiency for ORC.
State of Radiation Protection in Bulgaria
Authors: Nikolay Todorov Dolchinkov
Published: April 2020

In the months of February and March 2017, I conducted a survey among 3 population groups and 392 participants on the state of the systems for monitoring and alerting the population, so the information received is up-to-date. The information received and summarized should not be taken as a constant, since the situation is changing dynamically, both in terms of the political situation in Bulgaria and the region and the intentions of our neighbors in relation to sites that present radiation risks and in terms of meteorological elements that influence possible radioactive contamination. Particularly dynamic is the development of meteorological elements that need to be analyzed very thoroughly in the event of a nuclear accident or incident. The results and consequences of the closure of uranium production and its processing in Bulgaria, as well as the storage of radioactive waste in Bulgaria, are shown. The results of the study are presented, diagrams are presented, and analyses and directions for follow-up are made.
Basic Principles in Microvascular Anastomosis and Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Vila Ignacio , Couto-González Iván , Brea-García Beatriz
Published: April 2020

Free tissue transfer pursues the best functional and aesthetic results in reconstructive surgery. As these techniques completely maximise the donor tissues’ disposability, these treatments have become a first-line option in many situations. When the donor site is taken form the same patient, these surgeries are often referred to as autotransplants. Free tissue transfer sustains in microvascular anastomosis, which are defined by a vessel lumen diameter inferior to 3 mm. Particular attention to some details is important in these techniques, as, for example, to preclude any damage to the vessel walls or any leakage in the microvascular anastomosis. But the success of these techniques does not only depend on an adequate vascular suture, but also on a constellation of details that must be taken into account. These go from the availability of a trained team, to the ergonomics of the surgeon, through the scrupulous cleanliness of the surgical field.
Lophogastrida and Mysida (Crustacea) of the “DIVA-1” deep-sea expedition to the Angola Basin (SE-Atlantic)
Authors: Wittmann Karl J.
Published: April 2020

Three species of Lophogastrida and eight Mysida are documented for samples from 5161–5497 m bottom depth in the Angola Basin. Previously known latitudinal ranges are extended southward for five species, and bathymetric ranges extended beyond 5000 m for six species. Upon revision of the subfamily Petalophthalminae (Mysidae), four species previously attributed to the genus Petalophthalmus are integrated into Ipirophthalmus gen. nov. as I. liui gen. et comb. nov., I. caribbeanus gen. et comb. nov., I. oculatus gen. et comb. nov., and I. macrops gen. et comb. nov., mainly based on the structure of eyes and presence of setae on the telson. Petalophthalmus cristatus sp. nov. is described based on its reduced cornea and the structure of eyestalks, rostrum, mandibles, and telson. The structure of mouthparts, foregut and maxillipeds suggests an omnivorous mode of life. The diagnosis of the tribe Calyptommini (Mysidae: Erythropinae) is widened to cover the 3-segmented, uniramous fourth male pleopod and the non-incised eyeplate with horn-like rudiments of eyestalks in Abyssomysis cornuta gen. et sp. nov. The structure of mandibles, foregut, and second maxilliped suggest detritus feeding in this species. Keys to the Calyptommini and Petalophthalminae are given.
Kant’s Ethics in the Context of the Enlightenment. Report of the 12th Kant Readings Conference (Kaliningrad, 21-25 April 2019)
Authors: Dmitrieva Nina A. , Zilber Andrey S. , Chaly Vadim A. , Kiselev Alexander S. , Bonadyseva Polina R.
Published: April 2020

This review covers the content of reports and discussions at the 12th Kant Readings Conference held in April 2019 and organised by the research unit of the Academia Kantiana of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad. Traditionally, Kant Readings have been thematically universal, embracing all the areas of Kant’s legacy. This time the conference focused on practical philosophy, i.e. the historical grounds and modern significance of Kant’s ethical thought as compared to other philosophical projects of the Enlightenment era. Due attention was paid to the reception of the ethics of Kant and the Enlightenment by philosophers in Russia and the West. Breakout groups discussed aspects of interconnection between the Enlightenment ethics and esthetics as well as interdisciplinary problems at the interface of philosophy of politics and philosophy of education, including ways to counter various forms of intellectual enslavement. The possibilities of applying Kant’s ethical principles were discussed in close connection with the interpretation of the latest trends in the development of science and technology. It was noted that the intellectual and social communication environment of today has much in common with that of the Enlightenment era, which makes the philosophical strategy proposed during that era amenable to adaptation and development.
COGNITIVE MODELS IN PLANIMETRIC TASK TEXT PROCESSING
Authors: Naidenova Xenia , Kurbatov Sergey , Ganapolsky Vyacheslav
Published: April 2020

A new cognitive approach is proposed for understanding the texts of planimetric tasks and for visualizing the task conditions to complement the syntactic-semantical sentence parsing. Two main difficulties in understanding texts of plane geometry tasks are observed: the ellipticity and vagueness of texts. To overcome the difficulties in understanding the task conditions it is proposed constructing cognitive models of objects and relations between them. The proposed cognitive approach is incorporated in an integrated system for automatic solving planimetric tasks with the natural language interface. The interactive visualization has been developed in the system. It depicts the syntactic and semantic structures as a result of natural language text analysis and searching for task solution. This visualization allows the users to obtain explanations associated with any elements of the images and to correct the tasks’ texts in dialog with the system. The destiny of the system is to serve for training schoolchildren in the domain of Euclidean geometry. The cognitive approach proposed can be a first step to automated analyzing plane geometry texts, in perspective, as a cognitively controlled parsing.
Acute Exercise and Sustained Attention on Memory Function
Authors: Waters Audreaiona , Zou Liye , Jung Myungjin , Yu Qian , Lin Jingyuan , Liu Shijie , Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: April 2020

Objective: Sustained attention is critical for various activities of daily living, including engaging in health-enhancing behaviors and inhibition of health compromising behaviors. Sustained attention activates neural networks involved in episodic memory function, a critical
cognition for healthy living. Acute exercise has been shown to activate these same neural networks. Thus, it is plausible that engaging in a sustained attention task and engaging in a bout of acute exercise may have an additive effect in enhancing memory function, which was the purpose of
this experiment. Methods: 23 young adults (Mage = 20.7 years) completed 2 visits, with each visit occurring approximately 24 hours apart, in a counterbalanced order, including: (1) acute exercise with sustained attention, and (2) sustained attention only. Memory was assessed
using a word-list paradigm and included a short- and long-term memory assessment. Sustained attention was induced via a sustained attention to response task (SART). Acute exercise involved a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Results: Short-term memory performance was significantly
greater than long-term memory, Mdiff = 1.86, p < .001, and short-term memory for Exercise with Sustained Attention was significantly greater than short-term memory for Sustained Attention Only, Mdiff = 1.50, p = .01. Conclusion: Engaging in an acute bout of exercise before
a sustained attention task additively influenced short-term memory function.
A Modified Nominal Group Technique (mNGT) – Finding Priorities in Research
Authors: Wiggins Sa'Nealdra T. , Colby Sarah , Moret Lauren , McElrone Marissa , Olfert Melissa D. , Riggsbee Kristin , Opoku-Acheampong Audrey , Kidd Tandalayo
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe a modified nominal group technique (mNGT) approach to assess community health priorities and its application to a childhood obesity prevention project conducted with the high school population. Methods: This manuscript
provides detailed information of a mNGT separately conducted with 3 cohorts, (students, teachers/administration, parents). Participants used a response sheet to brainstorm, document top 5 responses, and rank each response individually. We also used a unique reverse scoring method to quantify
the qualitative data and within and between group scores for comparison against other cohorts. Summaries provided additional insight into the participants' perceptions. Results: The mNGT process successfully reduced limitations common to the traditional nominal group technique by providing
an in-depth understanding of perceptions and understanding priorities. Conclusions: mNGT can be useful across other disciplines as a method of gathering rich qualitative feedback that can be transformed into a more quantitative form for analysis.
Diagnóstico do uso do marketing digital nas empresas da zona comercial do município de Icó/CE
Authors: Siqueira Isabelly Carlos , Santos João José Anselmo dos
Published: April 2020

O estudo teve como seu objetivo geral verificar o impacto causado pelas mídias digitais no aumento do fluxo de venda e em termos específicos visou: caracterizar as empresas consideradas quanto ao nível de utilização das ferramentas de tecnologia da informação; Verificar o nível de entendimento dos gestores das empresas no que se diz respeito ao marketing digital; e analisar a utilização do marketing digital nas empresas da zona comercial de Icó/CE. Foi realizado junto a três empresas do setor de vestuário localizadas no centro comercial do  município de Icó/CE e transcorreu de agosto a novembro de 2019. O objeto de estudo foram os gestores das empresas envolvidas que foram submetidos a uma entrevista estruturada. As informações coletadas foram analisadas através do método de análise de conteúdo. O marketing digital desenvolvido quanto ao uso das mídias sociais é uma realidade nas empresas consideradas e contribui significativamente nas vendas. O Instagram é a principal mídia seguida pelo Whatsapp. A escolha pelo Instagram deve-se aos seguintes fatos: proporcionar mais interação entre os contatos, rapidez com relação à velocidade de visualização e a comodidade para clientela.
Responsabilidade social empresarial: uma revisão de literatura (2018-2019)
Authors: Silva Mikaely Sombra da , Gomes Filho Antoniel dos Santos
Published: April 2020

A Responsabilidade Social Empresarial abrange ações desenvolvidas pelas empresas que tem a visão de contribuir para uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária, e também pensado na preservação do meio ambiente e na sustentabilidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre Responsabilidade Social Empresarial entre os anos de 2018 e 2019 indexados na Scientific Electronic Library Online-SciELO. A metodologia utilizada para realizar o estudo possui uma abordagem quantitativa exploratória. No que tange o tipo de investigação, o estudo é classificado como uma revisão da literatura. A base de dados utilizada para a revisão foi a Scientific Electronic Library Online-SciELO, tendo como descritor o termo: Responsabilidade Social Empresarial. Considera-se que as empresas através da Responsabilidade Social compreendem que se há o desenvolvimento regional e local de modo sustentável, há uma maior chance de crescimento empresarial, uma vez que as mudanças nas realidades individuais e coletivas adentram nas organização na forma de colaboradores mais motivados, com melhor saúde e educação.
Condenação de carcaças de bovinos acometidos por brucelose provenientes das regiões Baixo Amazonas e Sudoeste Paraense
Authors: Roma Grecia Aires , Lima Adna Sousa de , Silva Welligton Conceição da , Batista Helder Ribeiro , Camargo Junior Raimundo Nonato Colares
Published: April 2020

A brucelose bovina, enfermidade de distribuição mundial ocasionada principalmente pela Brucella abortus, acarreta prejuízos econômicos e de ordem sanitária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência de condenação de carcaças de bovinos abatidos por brucelose no ano de 2018, nas regiões do Baixo Amazonas e Sudoeste Paraense. O estudo foi realizado em três abatedouros frigoríficos, sob inspeção municipal, localizados no município de Santarém, Pará. Foram inspecionados 23.963 bovinos oriundos dos municípios de Placas, Rurópolis, Santarém e Uruará. Os bovinos eram condenados quando apresentavam lesões macroscópicas características de brucelose, presentes no interior das carcaças ou em diferentes órgãos. Foram condenados por brucelose 62 bovinos abatidos no ano de 2018. Observou-se maior índice de condenações no primeiro semestre do ano, sendo Santarém o município que apresentou maior quantidade de machos condenados; no entanto, as fêmeas foram predominantes entre os casos de condenações por município. Com relação à idade, identificou-se que 52,4% (22) dos animais tinham idade superior a 7 anos, 11,9% (5) tinham entre 3 e 7 anos e 35,7% (15) abaixo de 3 anos.
Transcripts of Factory Production Meetings as a Source on the Socio-Psychological Aspects of Industrial Enterprise History (on the Example of Ttranscripts of AMO ZIL)
Authors: Belyj Konstantin Vyatcheslavovitch
Published: April 2020

The article's research is centered on the transcripts of industrial conferences, meetings and reunions of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.A. Likhachev (AMO ZIL). The aim of this study is to determine the information potential of the transcripts taken during factory meetings concerning production issues and to use them as a source for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises. The author examines in detail many aspects of the topic, including the transcripts' reflection of the views of enterprise managers, unit leaders, engineering and technical workers and workers in the production process, the features of the business culture, and the motivation of production participants. In working with transcripts, the author applied the socio-psychological and illustrative methods to a comprehensive analysis of sources. The research revealed a high saturation of information contained in the transcripts of production meetings, showing the possibilities of their use for studying the socio-psychological aspects of the history of industrial enterprises, in particular, the economic culture, the mentality of organizers and production participants, the atmosphere within the team, the views of managers and employees on the production process, their work motivation, as well as other issues. The author introduces into scientific circulation previously unexamined archival materials.
Documents from the Archive of the Office of Book Printing Concerning the Educational Work of the Moscow Printery, 1615-1700
Authors: Pozdeeva Irina , Kuldo Maksim
Published: April 2020

The research subject of this study is the educational work of the Moscow printery in 1615-1700, the effectiveness of which is assessed through the prism of its preparation and publication of educational books. Upon writing this article, the author applied the historical-comparative and historical-typological methods, as well as undertook a cliometric analysis of archive data. The paper presents the results of a study conducted over the course of many years and based on the material from the Office of Book Printing (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, collection 1182) concerning textbook printing in Moscow in the 17th century, including Alphabet books, Horologions and Training Psalters. Based on the discovered documents, it was possible to compile the first, and at the moment most complete and reliable, repertoire of publications made by the Moscow printery in 1615-1700, which includes 631 titles. The author documented 60 editions of Alphabet books, 72 - Horologions and 58 - Training Psalters. Together they make up about a third of all publications by the Moscow printery in the studied period. Their total print number amounted to 640,366 copies, which were sold at affordable prices to a wide range of people. This has allowed the author to uncover the real aims and methods of Moscow book printing, which fully furbished Russian society with books for literacy and education. The article also analyzes the “Directions for the Teacher”, which is a methodological tool for teaching children the Russian language, and the Grammar Book of Meletius Smotrytsky, both published by the Moscow printery in the middle of the 17th century. These publications laid the foundation for the study and teaching of the Church Slavonic language in the indicated period of Russian history.
The Events of the 1877 Campaign on the Territory of Greater Sochi: One Little-Known Page from the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878
Authors: Khodorov Oleg Igorevich
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the military operations during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 on the territory of Sochi's Black Sea coast, in particular: the repulsion of Turkish landings near Adler and Sochi; the local military clashes during reconnaissance missions of ungoverned territory south of the river Kherota in the Sochi department; the relationship between the administration of the department and the mountain population of the Kichmay and Krasno-Aleksandrovsky aulys; the issues of the evacuation of the civilian population and the damage of civilian private property by the rebel Abkhazian population, soldiers and Cossacks deployed on the territory of the department; and the impact of the war on the peaceful development of this Black Sea territory. The author used the traditional scientific principles of historicism and objectivity in this research, as well as the traditional methods of analysis and synthesis, the narrative method and the methods of concretization and generalization. This has made it possible to comprehensively study and analyze the source material and to identify causal relationships. A source analysis has allowed the author to conclude that although the war was notable for its small number of military clashes and casualties, the peaceful colonization of the new outskirts of the Russian Empire was temporarily interrupted. After this, it was revived with renewed vigor in the post-war period.
Russian Emigration of the First Wave in Germany: Humanitarian and Legal aspects of Adaptation, 1917-1920s
Authors: Ippolitov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the activities of Russian humanitarian, professional and public organizations in determining the legal status of Russian migrants in Europe and providing legal assistance to refugees and Russian legal entities in exile in 1917 - 1920s, as well as the trade unions of Russian lawyers in exile and their activities of legal assistance to their compatriots. The author examines the foreign policy of different states concerning the legal discrimination of Russian refugees and the geopolitical context in which the legal integration of Russian emigration took place in the societies of host countries. The study views the Russian humanitarian and legal activity as a factor in preserving the civic identity of these emigrants. The methodological basis on which this research is based is the principles of historicism and systematicity, which imply the application of the chronological method in the research process, as well as the methods of retrospection, periodization and actualization. The article explores for the first time in historiography the little-studied page in the history of Russian emigration: the creation in Germany in the 1920s of an effective system of humanitarian and legal assistance to Russian refugees aimed at clarifying their legal status and restoring the legal existence of Russian commercial enterprises in exile. For the first time in historiography, the author examines the ability of the emigrant community to self-organize in order to assert its rights in a foreign language and foreign culture society.The factors that significantly complicated the Russian emigrants' humanitarian and legal status, thereby also hindering their integration into European society, included: the long irresolution of their legal status; the significant number of legal obstacles; the ineffectiveness of officials with respect to the refugees' actual lack of rights; the legal conflict in international law that arose with the emergence of the Russian emigration phenomenon; and the unprecedented humanitarian and legal crisis of the post First World War period in Europe. Under these conditions, the Russian emigrant community nonetheless managed to develop effective mechanisms to help its compatriots in the legal sphere.
A molecular view on the escape of lipoplexed DNA from the endosome
Authors: Bruininks Bart MH , Souza Paulo CT , Ingolfsson Helgi , Marrink Siewert J
Published: April 2020

The use of non-viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy could drastically increase safety, whilst reducing the cost of preparing the vectors. A promising approach to non-viral vectors makes use of DNA/cationic liposome complexes (lipoplexes) to deliver the genetic material. Here we use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying efficient DNA transfer from lipoplexes. Our computational fusion experiments of lipoplexes with endosomal membrane models show two distinct modes of transfection: parallel and perpendicular. In the parallel fusion pathway, DNA aligns with the membrane surface, showing very quick release of genetic material shortly after the initial fusion pore is formed. The perpendicular pathway also leads to transfection, but release is slower. We further show that the composition and size of the lipoplex, as well as the lipid composition of the endosomal membrane, have a significant impact on fusion efficiency in our models.
A complex regulatory landscape involved in the development of mammalian external genitals
Authors: Amândio Ana Rita , Lopez-Delisle Lucille , Bolt Christopher Chase , Mascrez Bénédicte , Duboule Denis
Published: April 2020

Developmental genes are often controlled by large regulatory landscapes matching topologically associating domains (TADs). In various contexts, the associated chromatin backbone is modified by specific enhancer–enhancer and enhancer–promoter interactions. We used a TAD flanking the mouse HoxD cluster to study how these regulatory architectures are formed and deconstructed once their function achieved. We describe this TAD as a functional unit, with several regulatory sequences acting together to elicit a transcriptional response. With one exception, deletion of these sequences didn’t modify the transcriptional outcome, a result at odds with a conventional view of enhancer function. The deletion and inversion of a CTCF site located near these regulatory sequences did not affect transcription of the target gene. Slight modifications were nevertheless observed, in agreement with the loop extrusion model. We discuss these unexpected results considering both conventional and alternative explanations relying on the accumulation of poorly specific factors within the TAD backbone.
The histone deacetylase complex MiDAC regulates a neurodevelopmental gene expression program to control neurite outgrowth
Authors: Mondal Baisakhi , Jin Hongjian , Kallappagoudar Satish , Sedkov Yurii , Martinez Tanner , Sentmanat Monica F , Poet Greg J , Li Chunliang , Fan Yiping , Pruett-Miller Shondra M , Herz Hans-Martin
Published: April 2020

The mitotic deacetylase complex (MiDAC) is a recently identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. While other HDAC complexes have been implicated in neurogenesis, the physiological role of MiDAC remains unknown. Here, we show that MiDAC constitutes an important regulator of neural differentiation. We demonstrate that MiDAC functions as a modulator of a neurodevelopmental gene expression program and binds to important regulators of neurite outgrowth. MiDAC upregulates gene expression of pro-neural genes such as those encoding the secreted ligands SLIT3 and NETRIN1 (NTN1) by a mechanism suggestive of H4K20ac removal on promoters and enhancers. Conversely, MiDAC inhibits gene expression by reducing H3K27ac on promoter-proximal and -distal elements of negative regulators of neurogenesis. Furthermore, loss of MiDAC results in neurite outgrowth defects that can be rescued by supplementation with SLIT3 and/or NTN1. These findings indicate a crucial role for MiDAC in regulating the ligands of the SLIT3 and NTN1 signaling axes to ensure the proper integrity of neurite development.
Assessing and genotyping threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis nurseries during restoration in southeast Dominican Republic
Authors: Calle-Triviño Johanna , Rivera-Madrid Renata , León-Pech María Geovana , Cortés-Useche Camilo , Sellares-Blasco Rita Inés , Aguilar-Espinosa Margarita , Arias-González Jesús Ernesto
Published: April 2020

Acropora cervicornis is a structurally and functionally important Caribbean coral species. Since the 1980s, it has suffered drastic population losses with no signs of recovery and has been classified as a critically endangered species. Its rapid growth rate makes it an excellent candidate for coral restoration programs. In 2011, the Fundación Dominicana de Estudios Marinos (Dominican Marine Studies Foundation, FUNDEMAR) began an A. cervicornis restoration program in Bayahibe, southeast Dominican Republic. In this study, we present the methodology and results of this program from its conception through 2017, a preliminary analysis of the strong 2016 and 2017 cyclonic seasons in the greater Caribbean, and a genetic characterization of the “main nursery”. The mean survival of the fragments over 12 months was 87.45 ± 4.85% and the mean productivity was 4.01 ± 1.88 cm year−1 for the eight nurseries. The mean survival of six outplanted sites over 12 months was 71.55 ± 10.4%, and the mean productivity was 3.03 ± 1.30 cm year−1. The most common cause of mortality during the first 12 months, in both nurseries and outplanted sites, was predation by the fireworm, Hermodice carunculata. We identified 32 multilocus genotypes from 145 total analyzed individuals. The results and techniques described here will aid in the development of current and future nursery and outplanted site restoration programs.
Infestation and Yield Losses Due to Sesame Webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis, (Duponchel) on Different Sesame Varieties in Western Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Geremedhin Zerabruk , Azerefegne Ferdu
Published: April 2020

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the most important oilseed crop in Ethiopia. It is basically grown during the summer season in different regions of the country and produced mainly in the northern and northwestern lowlands of Ethiopia. The production of sesame is low because of insect pests such as sesame webworm, sesame seed bug and gall midge. Among these pests, sesame webworm is one of the most important insect pests and it attacks the crop at all growth stages and causes a significant yield loss. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the infestation and avoidable yield losses of sesame due to sesame webworm on different released sesame varieties at field conditions. A field experiment was conducted to assess the infestation and yield losses with respective cost-benefit of nine released sesame varieties to sesame webworm in paired plots (treated with Diazinon 60% EC and untreated) in RCBD with three replications in 2016 production year. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the protected and unprotected plots of each variety in leaf, flower and capsule injury. Protection of sesame from the webworm with insecticide effectively reduced leaf (0.02%), flower (<2%) and pod (<1%) damage to very low levels, On the other hand, the unprotected sesame had high levels of infestation. The highest capsule injury was recorded on BaHa-Necho (9.68%) and varieties Adi, Setit-2 and Borkena sustained <5% capsule injury. Grain yield was also increased significantly (p<0.001) in the protected plots of the nine varieties as compared to their corresponding unprotected plots. Maximum yield was obtained from Setit-2, Setit-1, Humera-1 and Higher in both treated and untreated plots. The highest avoidable yield losses were obtained from Adi, Gonder-1, BaHa-Necho, and BaHa-Zeyit with respective cost-benefit ratio 2.27, 2.02, 2.12 and 2.03. Therefore integration of sowing the varieties  Setit-2, Setit-1, Humera-1 and Hirhir and spraying with Diazinon 60 EC, at a rate of one liter per hectare at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) has potential to reduce the yield losses of sesame due to sesame webworm infestation and to increase yield of sesame.
PU.1 regulates Ccr7 gene expression by binding to its promoter in naïve CD4+ T cells
Authors: Yashiro Takuya , Takeuchi Hiromi , Kasakura Kazumi , Nishiyama Chiharu
Published: April 2020

C‐C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) is expressed on naïve T cells, B cells, and activated dendritic cells (DCs). We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor PU.1/Spi1 positively regulates the expression of CCR7 in DCs. In the present study, we investigated the role of PU.1 in CCR7 expression in T cells. To confirm whether PU.1 is involved in the expression of CCR7, we conducted a ChIP assay in various T cells purified from splenocytes and thymocytes and found that PU.1 binds to the Ccr7 promoter‐proximal region in spleen naïve CD4+ T cells, but not in thymocytes. Small interfering RNA‐mediated PU.1 knockdown resulted in decreased CCR7 expression in spleen naïve CD4+ T cells. Compared to naïve CD4+ T cells, Spi1 and Ccr7 mRNA levels decreased in Th1 and Th2 cells, in which PU.1 did not bind to the Ccr7 promoter, suggesting that CCR7 expression decreases due to the dissociation of PU.1 from the Ccr7 promoter during the development of effector T cells from naïve T cells. Collectively, we concluded that CCR7 expression level correlates with the binding level of PU.1 to the Ccr7 promoter and PU.1 acts as a transcriptional activator of the Ccr7 gene in naïve CD4+ T cells.
Effects of Hatchery Rearing Density, Handling, and Nutrition on Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection Prevalence in Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Authors: Larson Douglas L. , Faisal Mohamed , Tempelman Robert J. , Yu Hao , Scribner Kim T.
Published: April 2020

Bacterial kidney disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (RS), is a chronic and often fatal disease of salmonid species, and can be particularly harmful to hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. A considerable amount of research has focused on the prevention of vertical and horizontal transmission; however, a comparatively little amount has investigated factors that increase the prevalence of RS infection in captive environments. We evaluated the effects of three common hatchery conditions (handling, nutrition level, and rearing density) on RS infection prevalence. Fish were sampled at 30-d and 60-d postexposure to RS. Of 577 juveniles examined, 65 (11.27%) had anterior kidneys infected with RS. Using a logistic mixed model analysis, we found effects of nutrition level (P = 0.018), handling (P = 0.010), and sampling period (P = 0.003) on the prevalence of RS. The interactions of nutrition and handling (P = 0.008) and nutrition and time (P < 0.001) were also significant. When fed a standard-nutrition diet, proportionately fewer fish were infected with RS when not handled (7.16% versus 0.04%; P = 0.003). Fish in the standard-nutrition group also had a lower prevalence of RS during the second sampling period (4.08% versus 0.08%, respectively; P < 0.001). When not handled, rearing with standard nutrition (11.50% versus 0.04%; P = 0.004) resulted in a reduction in prevalence of RS infection. Additionally, nonhandled fish had a much lower prevalence of RS infection during the second sampling period (2.66% versus 0.21%; P = 0.009). While density did not affect the prevalence of RS infection (P = 0.145), fish reared at a higher density had lower RS infection when not handled (16.48% versus 0.84%, P = 0.004). For fish at a higher density, the RS prevalence was lower during the second sampling period (10.57% versus 1.40%; P = 0.002). Our results suggest that hatchery managers can reduce RS infection prevalence by maintaining an adequate nutritional regime as recommended by the manufacturer. Additionally, the prevalence of RS may be reduced if managers decrease handling of hatchery-reared Chinook Salmon if exposed to RS.
Online optimal and adaptive integral tracking control for varying discrete‐time systems using reinforcement learning
Authors: Sanusi Ibrahim , Mills Andrew , Dodd Tony , Konstantopoulos George
Published: April 2020

Conventional closed‐form solution to the optimal control problem using optimal control theory is only available under the assumption that there are known system dynamics/models described as differential equations. Without such models, reinforcement learning (RL) as a candidate technique has been successfully applied to iteratively solve the optimal control problem for unknown or varying systems. For the optimal tracking control problem, existing RL techniques in the literature assume either the use of a predetermined feedforward input for the tracking control, restrictive assumptions on the reference model dynamics, or discounted tracking costs. Furthermore, by using discounted tracking costs, zero steady‐state error cannot be guaranteed by the existing RL methods. This article therefore presents an optimal online RL tracking control framework for discrete‐time (DT) systems, which does not impose any restrictive assumptions of the existing methods and equally guarantees zero steady‐state tracking error. This is achieved by augmenting the original system dynamics with the integral of the error between the reference inputs and the tracked outputs for use in the online RL framework. It is further shown that the resulting value function for the DT linear quadratic tracker using the augmented formulation with integral control is also quadratic. This enables the development of Bellman equations, which use only the system measurements to solve the corresponding DT algebraic Riccati equation and obtain the optimal tracking control inputs online. Two RL strategies are thereafter proposed based on both the value function approximation and the Q‐learning along with bounds on excitation for the convergence of the parameter estimates. Simulation case studies show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Revealing the Intercalation Mechanisms of Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium in Hard Carbon
Authors: Alvin Stevanus , Cahyadi Handi Setiadi , Hwang Jieun , Chang Wonyoung , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Jaehoon
Published: April 2020

Hard carbon is the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries and potassium‐ion batteries owing to its high stability, widespread availability, low‐cost, and excellent performance. Understanding the carrier‐ion storage mechanism is a prerequisite for developing high‐performance electrode materials; however, the underlying ion storage mechanism in hard carbon has been a topic of debate because of its complex structure. Herein, it is demonstrated that the Li+‐, Na+‐, and K+‐ion storage mechanisms in hard carbon are based on the adsorption of ions on the surface of active sites (e.g., defects, edges, and residual heteroatoms) in the sloping voltage region, followed by intercalation into the graphitic layers in the low‐voltage plateau region. At a low current density of 3 mA g–1, the graphitic layers of hard carbon are unlocked to permit Li+‐ion intercalation, resulting in a plateau region in the lithium‐ion batteries. To gain insights into the ion storage mechanism, experimental observations including various ex situ techniques, a constant‐current constant‐voltage method, and diffusivity measurements are correlated with the theoretical estimation of changes in carbon structures and insertion voltages during ion insertion obtained using the density functional theory.