bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN POLA MAKAN KLIEN DENGAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Thomy Tigor Abdurrahman , Handayani Mutmainah
Published: October 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood, because the body is unable to release or use insulin adequately. There are several risk factors for diabetes, namely: diet, knowledge, offspring, obesity, infection, age, other diseases, drug consumption, and genetic syndromes. (Sutedjo, 2010). From the Medical Record of Pusri Hospital in Palembang City, the case of Diabetes Mellitus in 2013 was 728 cases. In 2014 the number of patients was 742 cases, in 2015 there were 774 cases. (Pusri Hospital Medical Record). The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between knowledge and dietary patterns of clients simultaneously with Diabetes Mellitus in the Outpatient Installation of Pusri Palembang Hospital in 2017. This type of research uses a cross sectional approach. Test the statistics used using the Chi-Square test. And the sample in this study was taken with a total population technique of 30 people. Bivariate analysis states that there is a significant relationship between diet and diabetes mellitus where p value = 0.002 is smaller than a = 0.05 and there is no significant relationship between knowledge simultaneously with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Where p. value = 0.069 is greater with a = 0.05. Conclusions from this study that there is a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and there is no significant relationship between knowledge with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Suggestions from this study to the hospital. Pusri Palembang is in providing quality health services that should be improved in providing information and is expected to improve access to health services, especially regarding diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Diabetes Militus, Diet
PENGALAMAN SPIRITUALITAS DOA PASIEN HIV/AIDS DI RSUD SAWERIGADING PALOPO DENGAN PENDEKATAN TEORI CALISTA ROY
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Tarigan Emiliana , Kusumaningsih Indriati
Published: October 2018

When a person has been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, he will experience changes in his life such as changes in behavior, social change, and psychological changes. These changes can be a mental pressure or psychological stressors for people with HIV/AIDS. Conditions like this, people with HIV / AIDS need a lot of support, one of which is the support of spirituality. Spirituality and praying aspects may not be separated from human life, either in health or unhealthy/ill condition. Closely, it is correlated with treatment process for patient with HIV/AIDS. The aim of research is to discovering spirituality and praying experience to patient with HIV/AIDS with the approach of the Calista Roy Nursing Theory. This research design is qualitative with phenomenology approach. Four participants had participated in this research by telling his/her related with spirituality and praying experience. Data collection conducted using of indeepth interview and using aid tool of interview guide, field research/notes, and document study. The data analyze using both Collaizi (1978) and software of QSR Nvivo. This research result reveals seven (7) themes those are: (1) sorrow process of HIV/AIDS patient; (2) family support to HIV/AIDS patient; (3) HIV/AIDS value against sufferer; (4) method of approaching God (5) essence of praying for HIV/AIDS sufferer; (6) life wishing/acceptance, and (7) nursery service wish. This research recommend for further research related with gender variance, increasing of service quality of nursery holistically and spiritual aspect more specifically as well as to grow caring attitude to implement nursery to patient.
Keyword: Spiritual, Praying, HIV/AIDS, Calista Roy Nursing Theory
Effectiveness of an Outreach Model of Care for Rheumatology Specialty Clinics to an On-Reserve First Nations Community
Authors: Nagaraj Sujay , Kargard Margaret , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Fritzler Marvin J. , White Tyler , Barnabe Cheryl
Published: October 2018

A model of care consisting of rheumatology specialty services embedded in the primary care system on a First Nations reserve was instituted to reduce barriers to care and improve inflammatory arthritis outcomes for patients. We assessed the effectiveness of this model of care on disease activity measures and patient-reported outcomes over 7 years. Patients were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort at the Siksika Nation in Alberta. Clinical characteristics, treatment recommendations and disease activity measures were systematically recorded over follow-up. Mixed-model regression was performed to determine rates of change for continuous measures. 59 participants (78% female; M = 47 years, SD = 13), predominantly with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 36), were followed for an average of 29 months (SD = 23). Swollen and tender joint counts decreased significantly (change per month: -0.20, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.10, and -0.20, 95%CI -0.34 to -0.06, respectively) but pain, physician global and function scores did not significantly improve (all p > 0.05). Patient global evaluation scores worsened over time (change per month 0.08, 95%CI 0.029 to 0.131, p = 0.002). Inflammatory markers improved at a slower rate in patients with incident compared to incident disease. Disease-modifying agents were escalated for moderate or high disease activity at 64% of RA visits, with justifications for not escalating or application of local treatment approaches in all but one instance. Despite improvement in swollen and tender joint counts and adherence to current treatment paradigms, patient-reported outcomes did not significantly improve during follow-up. Further innovation is required to meet relevant outcomes.
A LAICIDADE NO ESTADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Lima Edivaldo Lopes de
Published: October 2018

O Brasil é um país com uma rica pluralidade cultural e religiosa. Durante boa parte da sua História, o país foi governado com o pulso forte da Igreja Católica (sendo na educação a principal influência), primeiro com os reis portugueses durante o período conhecido como Brasil-Colônia, e depois com os “imperadores”, no período imperial. Com o advento da República há uma ruptura nessa relação e o Brasil é proclamado como Estado laico. No entanto, ainda permanecem “resquícios” da ligação entre Estado e Igreja, apesar da norma constitucional, atentando á igualdade religiosa e a convivência.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO SERMÃO EXPOSITIVO NAS ASSEMBLEIAS DE DEUS NO BRASIL
Authors: Castro Douglas Do Amaral
Published: October 2018

A presente pesquisa busca estudar a importância da pregação expositiva nas Assembleias de Deus no Brasil. Primeiramente, será abordado sobre a pregação expositiva e a sua relevância na arte da pregação, levando em consideração o seu conceito. Em seguida, verifica-se se houve um caminho ou descaminho da pregação expositiva na História das Assembleias de Deus do Brasil. Discorrendo um sucinto histórico oriundo de seus fundadores suecos, mostrando de que maneira a cosmovisão dos fundadores influenciou na pregação pentecostal. Finalmente, são apresentadas possíveis contribuições da pregação expositiva nas Assembleias de Deus no Brasil.
Disambiguation of newly derived nominalizations in context: A Distributional Semantics approach
Authors: Lapesa Gabriella , Kawaletz Lea , Plag Ingo , Andreou Marios , Kisselew Max , Padó Sebastian
Published: October 2018

One of the central problems in the semantics of derived words is polysemy (see, for example, the recent contributions by Lieber 2016 and Plag et al. 2018 ). In this paper, we tackle the problem of disambiguating newly derived words in context by applying Distributional Semantics ( Firth 1957 ) to deverbal -ment nominalizations (e.g. bedragglement, emplacement).

We collected a dataset containing contexts of low frequency deverbal -ment nominalizations (55 types, 406 tokens, see Appendix B) extracted from large corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We chose low frequency derivatives because high frequency formations are often lexicalized and thus tend to not exhibit the kind of polysemous readings we are interested in. Furthermore, disambiguating low-frequency words presents an especially difficult task because there is little to no prior knowledge about these words from which their semantic properties can be extrapolated.

The data was manually annotated according to eventive vs. non-eventive interpretations, allowing also an ambiguous label in those cases where the context did not disambiguate. Our question then was to what extent, and under which conditions, context-derived representations such as those of Distributional Semantics can be successfully employed in the disambiguation of low-frequency derivatives.

Our results show that, first, our models are able to distinguish between eventive and non-eventive readings with some success. Second, very small context windows are sufficient to find the intended interpretation in the majority of cases. Third, ambiguous instances tend to be classified as events. Fourth, the performance of the classifier differed for different subcategories of nouns, with non-eventive derivatives being harder to classify correctly. We present indirect evidence that this is due to the semantic similarity of abstract non-eventive nouns to eventive nouns. Overall, this paper demonstrates that distributional semantic models can be fruitfully employed for the disambiguation of low frequency words in spite of the scarcity of available contextual information.1
Word-formation in European languages
Authors: Körtvélyessy Lívia , Štekauer Pavol , Genči Ján , Zimmermann Július
Published: October 2018

The main goal of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the nature and the role of word-formation systems in a sample of 73 European languages. The basis for the comparison is 100 word-formation features representing 12 word-formation processes. The data is used to examine (a) the structural richness of word-formation systems at the level of individual languages, language genera, families and the linguistic area of Europe, and (b) the parameter of Maximum Feature Occurrence that identifies those word-formation features that are present in all languages under consideration, i.e., in all languages of a genus, a family or a linguistic area of Europe. In the latter case, it identifies the so-called Euroversals. From the diachronic perspective, the paper evaluates the degree of diversification of languages belonging to the same language genus and language family.
The naming potential of compounds and phrases: An empirical study on German adjective-noun constructions
Authors: Schlechtweg Marcel
Published: October 2018

Using data from two empirical studies, the present article investigates whether German adjective-noun compounds are inherently more appropriate to function as naming units or kind terms than the corresponding phrases. In the first experiment, it was tested whether subjects prefer a non-lexicalized compound (e.g., Kurzcouch, short_couch) or the respective non-lexicalized phrasal counterpart (e.g., kurze Couch, short couch) in order to express a novel complex lexical concept (e.g., It is a very specific couch that is 1.30 meters short because it is designed only for children up to this size.). In the second test, subjects rated on a scale how well the compounds and phrases expressed the newly created concepts. The findings of the two studies support the idea that compounds are better naming candidates than phrases. It is claimed that the effect derives from the specific formal nature of compounds and has consequences for the processing and mental representation of the two construction types.
Épitaxie et adsorption réciproque de l'urée et NH4Cl
Authors: Rimsky Alexandre
Published: October 2018

La structure du cristal mixte ClNH₄, CO(NH₂)₂ permet d'interpréter l'action réciproque entre l'urée et le chlorure d'ammonium décrite par Bunn.

Cet auteur a. montré le rôle de compagnon de cristallisation réciproque de ces deux corps.

Nous savons depuis que pour obtenir des cubes de NH₄Cl par sursaturation d'une solution, il suffit d'introduire comme impureté ou comme compagnon de cristallisation à cette dernière, une faible concentration d'urée.

Cette action morphologique ne peut être interprétée que par l'adsorption de l'urée sur la face du cube de ClNH₄. Bunn interprète cette adsorbtion comme une épitaxie de l'urée sur ClNH₅. L'action réciproque de ClNH₄ sur la croissance des cristaux d'urée reçoit une interprétation identique.

Nous montrons que, dans le cas de l'adsorption ou de l'épitaxie, la couche de transition entre les deux cristaux A et B ou d'un cristal A adsorbant le cristal B à la solution mère, doit présenter la configuration moléculaire la plus stable, c'est-à-dire la structure du cristal mixte A et B, si ce cristal peut exister.

C'est-à-dire que l'interprétation réticulaire de Bunn n'est pas suffisante. Cette action réciproque doit être liée à l'existence d'une couche de passage constituée par un édifice bien défini, le cristal mixte.

Nous proposons alors de dire qu'il y a syntaxie à l'échelle de la maille.
Aperçu sur la prospection géochimique du plomb et du zinc
Authors: Granier Claude Louis
Published: October 2018

La prospection géochimique du plomb et du zinc est une méthode utilisée couramment. L'auteur fait une synthèse des principaux résultats technologiques obtenus à la suite des travaux effectués en France et dans la Communauté.

Il donne des détails sur les caractères des dispersions et des anomalies géochimiques, insistant particulièrement sur le cas des recherches dans les sols dont il précise la classification.
Définition de s, degré d'ordre à petite distance dans la structure monopériodique d'un composé binaire
Authors: Prat Th. , Gay Robert
Published: October 2018

n donne une définition générale du paramètre d'ordre s dans le cas d'une solution solide binaire Aₓ B₁₋ₓ monopériodique et on en déduit la distribution de l'intensité dans les taches de diffusion dues à l'ordre à petite distance.
Domino ring-opening–ring-closing enyne metathesis vs enyne metathesis of norbornene derivatives with alkynyl side chains. Construction of condensed polycarbocycles
Authors: Datta Ritabrata , Ghosh Subrata
Published: October 2018

The metathesis of norbornene derivatives with alkynyl side-chain with Grubbs’ ruthenium alkylidine as catalyst has been investigated with the objective of constructing condensed polycyclic structures. This investigation demonstrated that the generally observed domino reaction course involving a ring-opening metathesis of the norbornene unit and a ring-closing enyne metathesis is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the functional group and the substrate structure and may follow a different reaction course than what is usually observed. In cases where ROM–RCEYM occurred, the resulting 1,3-diene reacts in situ with the dienophile to provide condensed tetracyclic systems.
Superlatives across domains: Evidence from degree achievements in Southern Aymara
Authors: Martinez Vera Gabriel
Published: October 2018

This papers proposes that Southern Aymara, an understudied Andean language, has a verbal superlative degree morpheme, namely, -su, that combines with degree achievements. I illustrate this with verbs with -cha, a suffix that derives degree achievements, to which -su attaches. I show that sentences with the verbal superlative -su have absolute and relative readings, which is similar to sentences with adjectival superlatives (as has beed discussed for English). I further show that relative readings arise when the verbal superlative interacts with focus. I propose that verbal superlatives involve comparison of degree-event pairs.
Comparative modified numerals revisited: scalar implicatures, granularity and blindness to context
Authors: Enguehard Émile
Published: October 2018

We present a theory of the pragmatics of comparative modified numerals such as “more than~5”. Our proposal is based on the assumption that they trigger alternatives derived from discrete “granularity scales”. This is sufficient to explain the basic pattern of scalar implicatures from comparative numerals; we then show how extra assumptions of blind exhaustification and QUD uncertainty refine the prediction in that we can explain how and when comparative numerals trigger irrelevance inferences.
Presupposition-denying uses of even
Authors: Francis Naomi
Published: October 2018

This paper explores a puzzling contrast: even can be used in denials of presuppositions, but only when it appears below negation. I present a solution to this puzzle that makes crucial use of the additive presupposition of \emph{even}. This presupposition is controversial; I argue that the evidence used to challenge its presence does not show what it is claimed to show. I show that the puzzle is not unique to English and sketch crosslinguistic implications of the proposed analysis.
Structure preservation in comparatives
Authors: Wellwood Alexis
Published: October 2018

Comparatives involve various dimensions for comparison, but not anything goes: "more coffee" involves volume or weight, but not temperature, while "more coffees" involves number, not volume or weight. In general, the extant literature assumes that the difference between "more coffee/coffees" reflects a morphosyntactic ambiguity of "more", such that it spells out MUCH-ER with bare nouns, and MANY-ER with plural nouns. Semantically, MUCH introduces a variable over measure functions (with constraints), whereas MANY introduces a cardinality function. I argue for an alternative, univocal theory based on the decomposition MUCH-ER, and account for the observed patterns of constrained variability by means of a stronger condition on the selection of measure functions than has previously been proposed.
Simulations of the WFIRST Supernova Survey and Forecasts of Cosmological Constraints
Authors: Hounsell R. , Scolnic D. , Foley R. J. , Kessler R. , Miranda V. , Avelino A. , Bohlin R. C. , Filippenko A. V. , Frieman J. , Jha S. W. , Kelly P. L. , Kirshner R. P. , Mandel K. , Rest A. , Riess A. G. , Rodney S. A. , Strolger L.
Published: October 2018

The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) was the highest-ranked large space-based mission of the 2010 New Worlds, New Horizons decadal survey. It is now a NASA mission in formulation with a planned launch in the mid 2020s. A primary mission objective is to precisely constrain the nature of dark energy through multiple probes, including Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia). Here, we present the first realistic simulations of the WFIRST SN survey based on current hardware specifications and using open-source tools. We simulate SN light curves and spectra as viewed by the WFIRST wide-field channel (WFC) imager and integral field channel (IFC) spectrometer, respectively. We examine 11 survey strategies with different time allocations between the WFC and IFC, two of which are based upon the strategy described by the WFIRST Science Definition Team, which measures SN distances exclusively from IFC data. We propagate statistical and, crucially, systematic uncertainties to predict the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit (FoM) for each strategy. Of the strategies investigated, we find the most successful to be WFC focused. However, further work in constraining systematics is required to fully optimize the use of the IFC. Even without improvements to other cosmological probes, the WFIRST SN survey has the potential to increase the FoM by more than an order of magnitude from the current values. Although the survey strategies presented here have not been fully optimized, these initial investigations are an important step in the development of the final hardware design and implementation of the WFIRST mission.
Search for an Intrinsic Metallicity Spread in Old Globular Clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Koch Andreas
Published: October 2018

We report for the first time on the magnitude of the intrinsic [Fe/H] spread among 10 old globular clusters (GCs) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Such spreads are merely observed in approximately 5% of the Milky Way GCs and recently gained more attention in theoretical models of GC evolution. We derived metallicities with a typical precision of 0.05 dex ≤ σ[Fe/H] ≤ 0.20 dex for an average of 14 red giant branch stars per GC from Strömgren photometry. The respective, metallicity-sensitive indices have been calibrated to precise and accurate high-dispersion spectroscopy. For all clusters, we found null [Fe/H] spreads with a typical uncertainty of 0.04 dex, with the possible exception of NGC 1786 that shows an intrinsic dispersion of 0.07 ± 0.04 dex. The mean, observed standard deviation of the derived metallicities for nearly 40% of our GC sample amounted to smaller than 0.05 dex. At present, we cannot exclude the fact that the remaining GCs also have intrinsic Fe-abundance variations in excess of 0.05 dex, but in order to significantly detect those, the measurement errors on individual [Fe/H]-values would need to be lowered to the 0.03–0.07 dex level. These findings suggest, along with those from ages and light element abundances, that the LMC GCs studied here are similar to the majority of Galactic GCs.
L’opposition syrienne
Authors: Al Hajj-Saleh Yassîn
Published: October 2018

Contrairement à ce que l’on pourrait penser et malgré l’euphorie qui a suivi l’accession au pouvoir de Bachar al-Assad, en été 2000, aucun nouveau parti politique n’a vu le jour en Syrie. Cependant, on a assisté à l’émergence de formes nouvelles d’organisations manifestant un intérêt certain pour les affaires publiques, mais différentes des partis politiques traditionnels.
Production d’un messie : Au-delà de la montagne de Yachar Kemal
Authors: Hatem Jad
Published: October 2018

Le livre de l’auteur turc Yachar Kemal est ici le prétexte au questionnement suivant : comment une œuvre littéraire cherche à faire apparaître le processus complexe de la naissance d’un personnage de messie dans une communauté humaine…
Perceptions of Mental Health Among Hispanic Older Adults: Findings Among Immigrants from the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Guatemala
Authors: Curtin Alicia J. , Martins Diane C. , Genere Ada A. , Perez Dilennys M. , Cabrera Esthefany , Viveiros Natasha , Schwartz-Barcott Donna
Published: October 2018

Disparities exist in the recognition and treatment of mental health issues among Hispanic community-dwelling older adults. Previous researchers have focused on accessing mental health services, with limited attention to older Hispanic immigrants' perceptions of mental health issues. A qualitative descriptive research design was used to understand older Hispanic immigrants' perceptions of mental health issues, especially those related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Seventeen older adults from the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Guatemala were interviewed. Despite having experienced significant personal tragedies, participants did not initially describe emotional distress or any mental health issues. When specifically questioned, depression was the most recognized illness. Depression was commonly described as sadness, whereas stress and anxiety had multiple definitions among participants. Understanding older Hispanic immigrants' perceptions of mental health issues and establishing a therapeutic relationship between the health care provider and patient may be helpful in recognizing and treating individuals who may be at high risk for emotional distress, anxiety, and depression. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(11), 44–50.]
Influence of Leisure Activity Participation Between Genders Among Korean Older Adults
Authors: Gu Min Kyung , Sok Sohyune R.
Published: October 2018

The current study examined and compared the effect of male and female older adults' participation level in leisure activities on their perceived health status, psychological well-being, levels of depression, levels of loneliness, and successful aging. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Study participants comprised 197 older adults (women:
n
= 108, men:
n
= 89) ages 65 and older who were living in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Measures were the perceived health status scale, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form–Korea, psychological well-being scale, loneliness scale, and successful aging scale. Based on level of participation in leisure activities, male older adults experienced a significant difference in perceived health status and loneliness. Female older adults experienced a significant difference in psychological well-being and successful aging. Health professionals should encourage higher participation in leisure activities to improve psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(11), 51–58.]
Polynomially-bounded Dehn functions of groups
Authors: Olshanskii Alexander Yu.
Published: October 2018

It is well known that every subqadratic Dehn function is linear. A question by Bridson asked to describe the isoperimetric spectrum of groups, that is the set of all numbers

\alpha

such that

n^{\alpha}

is equivalent to the Dehn function of a finitely presented group. The goal of this paper is to give a description of the isoperimetric spectrum. Earlier a similar description was given by Sapir, Birget and Rips for the intersection of the isoperimetric spectrum with

[4, \infty]

. Lowering the bound from 4 to 2 required significant new ideas and tools.
The isoperimetric spectrum of finitely presented groups
Authors: Sapir Mark V.
Published: October 2018

The isoperimeric spectrum consists of all real positive numbers

\alpha

such that

n^{\alpha}

is equivalent to the Dehn function of a finitely presented group. In this note we show how a recent result of Olshanskii completes the description of the isoperimetric spectrum modulo the celebrated Computer Science conjecture (and one of the seven Millennium Problems)

\mathbf {P = NP}

and even a formally weaker conjecture.
Average decay of the Fourier transform of measures with applications
Authors: Lucà Renato , Rogers Keith M.
Published: October 2018

We consider spherical averages of the Fourier transform of fractal measures and improve the lower bound on the rate of decay by taking advantage of multilinear estimates. Maximal estimates with respect to fractal measures are deduced for the Schrödinger and wave equations. This refines the almost everywhere convergence of the solution to its initial datum as time tends to zero. A consequence is that the solution to the wave equation cannot diverge on a

(d-1)

-dimensional manifold if the data belongs to the energy space

\dot{H}^1(\mathbb{R}^d)\times L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)

.
Динамические системы сдвигов и измеримые сечения многозначных отображений
Authors: Danilov Leonid Ivanovich
Published: October 2018

Приведено условие существования гомоморфизмов компактных инвариантных множеств динамических систем сдвигов сильно
измеримых многозначных отображений со значениями в полном метрическом пространстве в динамические системы сдвигов их
сильно измеримых сечений. Доказано существование удовлетворяющих ряду дополнительных условий рекуррентных и почти
автоморфных сечений типа Степанова многозначных рекуррентных и почти автоморфных отображений типа Степанова.
Библиография: 35 названий.
Абстрактная теорема Колмогорова, приложение к метрическим пространствам и топологическим группам
Authors: Bochkarev Sergei Viktorovich
Published: October 2018

На основе метода усреднений по носителям $\delta$-функций фундаментальная теорема Колмогорова о существовании тригонометрического ряда Фурье, расходящегося почти всюду, обобщена на любые ограниченные биортонормированные системы комплекснозначных функций, определенных на произвольном измеримом пространстве. Полученная абстрактная теорема Колмогорова применена для построения расходящихся рядов Фурье, определенных на метрических пространствах и топологических группах. Установлено существование расходящегося почти всюду ряда Фурье для системы характеров произвольной компактной абелевой группы.
Библиография: 37 названий.
Экстремальные траектории в сублоренцевой задаче на группе Энгеля
Authors: Ardentov Andrei Andreevich , Sachkov Yurii Leonidovich , Huang Tiren , Yang Xiaoping
Published: October 2018

Пусть $\mathbb{E}$ является группой Энгеля и $D$ - левоинвариантное распределение ранга 2 на $\mathbb{E}$ с лоренцевой метрикой. Сублоренцева задача формулируется как задача максимизации сублоренцевой длины. В работе получена параметризация времениподобных и пространственноподобных нормальных экстремальных траекторий с помощью эллиптических функций Якоби.
Описана дискретная группа симметрий для случаев времениподобных и пространственноподобных траекторий, в обоих случаях для каждой симметрии вычислены неподвижные точки и соответствующие точки Максвелла. На основе этих вычислений вдоль каждой экстремальной траектории выведена оценка на время разреза (время потери глобальной оптимальности).
Библиография: 17 названий.
Storage infrastructure and agricultural yield: evidence from a capital investment subsidy scheme
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep
Published: October 2018

In a developing economy, the availability of storage infrastructure is considered essential for two purposes; the reduction of post-harvest losses resulting in food shortage, and allowing for gains from inter-temporal trade due to potential arbitrage opportunities arising out of volatility in food grain prices. This paper provides empirical evidence on a lesser studied impact of storage infrastructure, viz, agricultural yield. The author exploits potentially exogenous variation generated by the intensity of access to a capital investment subsidy program for construction and renovation of rural godowns in India to identify causal effects of better storage on yield. He finds that the program led to an increase in rice yield by 0.3 tons per hectare, approximately a 20% increase compared to the baseline. A potential mediating channel for such an effect would be reduced storage costs facilitating better investments in productive inputs. As supportive evidence, the author finds that fertilizer consumption increased by 21% in response to the intervention.
Triple-phase abdomen and pelvis computed tomography: standard unenhanced phase can be replaced with reduced-dose scan
Authors: Waszczuk Łukasz , Guziński Maciej , Garcarek Jerzy , Sąsiadek Marek
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that unenhanced phase does not require as high image quality as subsequent phases acquired after contrast administration in triple-phase abdomen and pelvis computed tomography (CT), and to assess if attenuation value (AV) measurements may be obtained from unenhanced images acquired with three-fold reduced radiation dose.

Material and methods

In the standard triple-phase abdomen and pelvis CT protocol (unenhanced, late arterial, and portal venous phase) we decreased the tube current time product only in the unenhanced phase. Arterial and venous phases were performed with the standard scanner settings used in our Institution for routine abdomen and pelvis CT. We compared the AV in manually drawn circular-shaped regions of interest (ROIs) obtained from reduced-dose and standard-dose unenhanced images in 52 patients. All ROIs were set in homogeneous parts of psoas muscle, fat tissue, liver, spleen, aorta, and bladder.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in AV measurements for all considered areas. More noise does not alter the mean AV inside the ROIs. Radiation dose of unenhanced scans was reduced three times and the total dose length product (DLP) in the triple-phase study was decreased by 22%.

Conclusions

Unenhanced images performed with three-fold reduced radiation dose allows reliable AV measurements. The unenhanced phase does not require as high image quality as subsequent phases acquired after contrast administration.
Peripheral vascular malformations – modern imaging
Authors: Majewska Natalia K. , Stajgis Piotr , Wykrętowicz Mateusz , Stajgis Marek , Oszkinis Grzegorz , Katulska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Currently the major aim in peripheral vascular malformation diagnosis, crucial for subsequent management and treatment, is to identify its haemodynamic characteristics. Other significant features that should be specified by a radiologist are the exact location of the anomaly, its size, and its morphology. Until recently the diagnostic methods available for comprehensive evaluation of malformations have been rather limited. Moreover, they were often associated with the necessity of exposing the patient to X-ray radiation and with invasive procedures, as for example in angiography. The development of imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of vascular abnormalities in recent years, especially magnetic resonance imaging, has contributed to improved diagnostic value of the tests. In this article we review the currently available imaging modalities with particular consideration of magnetic resonance imaging and its capability to distinguish between high- and low-flow malformations.
Radiomics – the value of the numbers in present and future radiology
Authors: Patyk Mateusz , Silicki Jurand , Mazur Rafał , Kręcichwost Roksana , Dąbek Dąbrówka Sokołowska , Zaleska-Dorobisz Urszula
Published: October 2018

Radiomics is a new concept that has been functioning in medicine for only a few years. This idea, created recently, relies on processing innumerable quantities of metadata acquired from every examination, followed by extraction thereof from relevant imaging examinations, such as computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) images, by means of appropriate created algorithms. The extracted results have great potential and broad possibilities of application. Thanks to these we can verify efficiency of treatment, predict locations of metastases of tumours, correlate results with histopathological examinations, or define the type of cancer more precisely. In effect, we obtain more personalised treatment for each patient, which is extremely important and highly recommendable in the tests and applicable treatment therapies conducted nowadays. Radiomics is a non-invasive and high efficiency post-processing method. This article is intended to explain the idea of radiomics, the mechanisms of data acquisition, existing possibilities, and the challenges incurred by radiologists and physicians at the stage of making diagnosis or conducting treatment.
Endovascular embolisation strategies for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Kuczyńska Maryla , Pyra Krzysztof , Światłowski Łukasz , Sobstyl Jan , Kuklik Ewa , Jargiełło Tomasz
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To assess the immediate efficacy of distinct embolisation devices in the endovascular treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations as well as to identify and analyse the possible determinants of the technical success of the procedure.

Material and methods

Prospective analysis of 16 consecutive patients was carried out, who underwent transcatheter endovascular embolisation therapy for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations between 2005 and 2017. Pre- and post-procedural angiography studies were implemented to confirm the diagnosis and to evaluate the technical success defined as the complete occlusion of the feeding artery. Embolisation devices – coils, microcoils, occluders, or combination of the above – were used. All the patients were advised to conduct a follow-up computed tomography evaluation 12 months after the procedure.

Results

A total of 40 pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) were observed and embolised. The immediate technical success was achieved in all (n = 40; 100%) treated PAVMs, as confirmed by the post-procedural angiographic result. The statistical analysis revealed no significant impact of the number of PAVMs per patient (p > 0.05), their angioarchitecture (p > 0.05), localisation within the lung (p > 0.05) or particular lobe (p > 0.05), and the selection of embolisation device (p > 0.05) on the procedural success rates. The procedure-related complication rate was equal to 6.25%.

Conclusions

The immediate success rate of the transcatheter PAVM embolisation reached 100% in this study. The statistical model of logistic regression revealed no significant impact of the number of PAVMs per patient, their angioarchitecture, localisation, and distribution pattern, as well as device selection, on the immediate technical success of the procedure.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: two steroid-responsive cases
Authors: Camilla Russo , Vincenzo Buono , Giacomo Fenza , Alexis Zandolino , Antonietta Serino , Andrea Manto
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterised by orthostatic headache, low cerebrospinal fluid pressure and diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement after intravenous gadolinium contrast administration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often plays a crucial role for correct diagnosis.

Case description

We described two similar cases of SIH, whose clinical and imaging features are typical for this pathology. At MRI brain scan, both patients showed diffuse and intense pachymeningeal enhancement and moderate venous distension and epidural vein engorgement. The two patients were treated with bed rest and oral steroid therapy, with complete and long-lasting symptomatic relief.

Conclusions

Orthostatic nature of headache is the most indicative clinical feature suggesting SIH; contrast-enhanced MRI provides definite imaging diagnostic findings. Conservative treatment coupled to steroid therapy is often sufficient to obtain complete disappearance of symptoms.
Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography scan in mediastinal masses assuming histopathological findings as gold standard
Authors: Pandey Somshankar , Jaipal Usha , Mannan Nima , Yadav Rajkumar
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Aim of the study was to: 1) present MDCT characteristics of different mediastinal mass lesions, 2) estimate proportion of benign and malignant mediastinal mass lesions based on MDCT findings, and 3) find out the diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of MDCT in mediastinal mass lesions assuming histopathology as gold standard.

Material and methods

This study was an analysis of 60 patients who underwent MDCT scan for characterisation of mediastinal mass lesion, and subsequently imaging findings were verified with pathological diagnosis.

Results

Out of 60 patients 65% were malignant and 35% were benign. Metastatic carcinoma was the leading diagnosis. Sensitivity of MDCT in this study came out to be 94%, specificity is 90%, with a positive predictive value of 94% and negative predictive value of 90% with diagnostic accuracy of 93%.

Conclusions

Mediastinal mass lesion can be accurately diagnosed with MDCT which is a non-invasive and easily available modality requiring clinical data for accurate diagnosis and management. Co-relation of MDCT findings with other imaging findings is complex and requires adequate clinical data for optimum diagnostic confidence.
Comparison of conservative treatment versus transcatheter arterial embolisation for the treatment of spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shinmura Kohei , Choi Young Ho , Shimohira Masashi , Baba Yasutaka , Ikeda Shunichiro , Hayashi Sadao , Shibamoto Yuta , Koriyama Chihaya , Yoshiura Takashi
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To elucidate the prognostic factors in the spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to determine whether transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) is associated with better prognosis compared to conservative treatment.

Material and methods

A retrospective multicentre study was conducted involving 71 patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC. A conservative treatment group (Cons T group) included 20 patients, while a transcatheter arterial embolisation group (TAE group) included 51 patients.

Results

The median survival time (MST) in the Cons T group was only 16 days and the survival rate was 39% at one month, whereas the MST in the TAE group was 28 days and the one month survival rate was 63%. However, there is no statistically significant difference in the overall survival between Cons T and TAE groups (p = 0.213). Multivariable analysis identified only the presence of distant metastasis as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.023). A subanalysis including patients without distant metastasis showed that the presence of portal vein tumour thrombosis was a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Distant metastasis appears to be a prognostic factor in spontaneous rupture of HCC. In cases without distant metastasis, portal vein tumour thrombosis could influence the prognosis. Our data failed to prove any benefit of TAE as the primary management.
Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes in computed tomography
Authors: Ilków Wojciech , Waligóra Marek , Kunc Marek , Kucharzewski Marek
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Assessment of sphenoid sinus (SS), posterior clinoid process (PCP), and dorsum sellae (DS) pneumatisation is significant when planning surgical approaches both to intra- and extrasellar pathologies. The authors analysed pneumatisation of the SS, with particular attention paid to pneumatisation of the PCP and DS.

Material and methods

The study was based on 100 computed tomography angiography examinations. SS, PCP, and DS pneumatisation grades were assessed using the classification system proposed by Hardy. The analyses were conducted in sagittal planes: midline plane (MP), sagittal posterior clinoid plane right (SPCP-R), and sagittal posterior clinoid plane left (SPCP-L). The occurrence of the highest pneumatisation grade (IVB according to Hardy), which encompasses DS and PCP, prompted the authors to conduct a further analysis in the coronal plane. In this way, seven DS and PCP pneumatisation symmetry types were identified.

Results

In the MP and SPCP-R, the most frequent pneumatisation grade was grade III (41% and 38%, respectively). In the SPCP-L, grade IVA prevailed (41%). Grade IVB was found in 12% of the SPCP-R images, 10% of the SPCP-L images, and in 12% of the MP images. Consistent pneumatisation grades in all analysed planes were found for 64% of cases. This was usually grade III noted in 28% of cases.

Conclusions

SS pneumatisation is characterised by considerable individual variability. There are a number of SS pneumatisation classification systems, but the system proposed by Hardy is the most useful for assessment of DS and PCP pneumatisation. Grade III of SS pneumatisation is the most common. Pneumatisation encompassing DS and PCP was found in 10-12% of cases.
Influencing factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage after CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy: single-institution experience
Authors: Wattanasatesiri Tunyarat , Puntu Warunyoo , Vithitsuvanakul Nophadol
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To evaluate the incidences and influencing factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage after computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB).

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis of 216 patients who underwent CT-guided TTNB was performed. The frequencies and risk factors of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage were determined. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

The incidences of pneumothorax and parenchymal haemorrhage were 23.1% and 45.4%, respectively. Twenty-two per cent of patients with pneumothorax needed percutaneous drainage, but all patients with parenchymal haemorrhage had clinical improvement after conservative treatment. No procedure-related mortality was detected. Univariate analysis showed that underlying pulmonary infection, lesion size of less than 1 cm, and lesion depth of more than 2 cm were significant influencing factors of pneumothorax. A significant relationship between the underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the need for drainage catheter insertion was found. Pulmonary haemorrhage was more likely to occur in patients with underlying malignancy, solid pulmonary nodule, lesion size of 3 cm or less, and lesion depth of more than 3 cm. Consolidation was the protective factor for pulmonary haemorrhage. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of CT-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) for the diagnosis of malignancy were 95.7%, 100%, 100%, 93.3%, and 97.3%, respectively. The rate of diagnostic failure was 10.2%.

Conclusions

Pulmonary hemorrhage is the most common complication after CT-guided TTNB. Influencing factors for pneumothorax are underlying pulmonary infection, lesion size < 1 cm, and lesion depth > 2 cm. Underlying malignancy, solid pulmonary nodule, lesion size ≤ 3 cm, and lesion depth > 3 cm are associated with pulmonary haemorrhage.
CT-measured pulmonary artery diameter as an independent predictor of pulmonary hypertension in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bakhshayeshkaram Mehrdad , Aghahosseini Farahnaz , Vaezi Fatemeh , Kahkooei Shahram , Salehi Yalda , Jamaati Hamid Reza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The role of computed tomography (CT) scan, as a promising prognostic imaging modality in cystic fibrosis (CF), has been widely investigated, focusing on parenchymal abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of thoracic vascular parameters on CT to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Material and methods

CF patients who contemporaneously underwent CT and echocardiography were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline characteristics in addition to pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) and pulmonary to aortic (PA/A) ratio were compared between cohorts with and without PH, based on the results of echocardiography separately in paediatric patients (< 18) and adults (≥ 18).

Results

Of a total 119 CF patients, 39 (32.8%) had PH (paediatric: 23/78, 29.5%, adult: 16/41, 39%). In paediatric CF patients, mean age, HCo3, PCo2, and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were significantly higher in the PH group compared to the non-PH group. Mean pulmo however, only PAD remained as the independent predictor of PH based on multivariate analysis (overall: 22.86 mm [±3.86] vs. 18.43 mm [±4.72], p = 0.005, paediatric patients: 22.63 mm [±4.4] vs. 17.10 mm [±4.64], p = 0.03). Using a cut off of 19.25 mm, the diagnostic performance of PAD to detect PH was found to be as follows: sensitivity = 82%, specificity = 70%, and accuracy = 73.1%. No significant difference was demonstrated in PAD between PH and non-PH groups in adults with CF (23.19 [±3.60] vs. 21.34 [±3.49], p = 0.7).

Conclusions

In CF patients, PAD revealed an age-dependent performance to detect PH. PAD can be applied to predict pulmonary hypertension in paediatric CF patients and may be recommended to be routinely measured on follow-up chest CT scan in childhood CF.