bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting maize farming’s decision-making process as an attribute in production sustainability analysis in Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Azzahra  , Pane T C , Supriana T
Published: September 2023

Maize is a crucial staple food in Indonesia after rice. The decision of farmers to plant maize is driven by many factors which affect their behaviour when deciding to cultivate maize. Deli Serdang Regency is one of the maize-producing centres in North Sumatera Province. Meanwhile, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict is one of the subdistricts with the highest planting area, harvest area, and production in Deli Serdang. This research was conducted to determine what factors influence farmers’ decision to cultivate maize, and how the process of taking it occurs. Binary Logistics regression analysis was used to analyse primary data obtained from interviews. The results showed that the farmers’ age, experience in farming maize, number of dependents, and extension attendance frequency, had an insignificant effect on farmers’ decisions to plant maize. In contrast, the ease of farming had a positive and significant impact. Many farmers in the research area cultivated maize since they thought growing maize was less difficult than other crops. The farmers decided to cultivate maize instead of other crops through three stages, namely the knowledge stage, the persuasion stage, and the decision stage. Farmers’ motivation to cultivate maize is one of the attributes in the maize production’s sustainability analysis.
Factors correlating to the success rate of agricultural extension in improving sustainability (a case study at BPP Tanjung Beringin, Tanjung Beringin Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency)
Authors: Situmorang W T , Supriana T , Salmiah  , Pane T C
Published: September 2023

Agricultural extension has a vital role in improving the sustainability of farming businesses, developing the people’s economy, increasing agricultural production, and changing the behaviour of farmers, especially toward their environment. The average productivity and the increase in annual average production of lowland rice in Tanjung Beringin Subdistrict were quite good and prospective. This study purposed to determine the main tasks implementation of agricultural extensionists in the Agricultural Extension Centre of Tanjung Beringin, to know the success rate of the main tasks implementation, and to analyse the correlation between the socio-economic characteristics of extensionists on the success rate in implementing their tasks. The research sample was determined by census methods, all extensionists were interviewed. The analysis method used was the Spearman Rank Correlation Test. The results showed that: The main tasks implementation of agricultural extensionists went finely, following the main tasks determined; The success rate of the main tasks implementation of agricultural extensionists was 87%, or in high-performance criteria; There was a significant correlation between the duration of education, the duration of being an extensionist, and the duration of extensionists’ working time with the success rate of their tasks, meanwhile the age and number of family dependents had an insignificant correlation.
Potential of Indonesian indigenous community local wisdom for food security
Authors: Dirgahayu Dida , Karman  , Budhirianto Syarif
Published: September 2023

Most of Indonesia’s territory is rural areas that have local wisdom in relation to food. This local wisdom provides a perspective on how to achieve food security based on cultural values. there is a synergy between food security and cultural preservation. This paper discusses the potential of local wisdom of Indonesian indigenous people to achieve food security. This study uses a qualitative approach. We collect data through literature reviews of scientific publications that examine food security in the context of sustainable development. We conclude that indigenous communities have unique local wisdom. This local wisdom has potential and provides perspectives in the context of global issues (food security).
Sedimentation analysis using SWAT model (soil and water assessment tool) in Mamasa Sub-Watershed
Authors: Isra Nur , Arsyad Usman , Chairuddin Zulkarnain
Published: September 2023

Soil fertility and quality of agricultural land have decreased due to erosion and sedimentation in the sub-watershed upstream area. This decrease in soil fertility is due to the loss of NPK nutrients in the topsoil. Erosion and sedimentation in the upstream area of the Mamasa Sub-watershed are caused by land degradation and forest conversion due to land expansion and shifting cultivation for cocoa, corn, and coffee. This study aimed to determine the amount of sediment in the Mamasa Sub-watershed in the Mamasa Regency by using the SWAT model. This research was conducted in the Mamasa Sub-watershed from June to September 2022 through several stages in the form of literature study, primary and secondary data collection. Then proceed with laboratory analysis, making a base map for the data analysis process. SWAT requires input data in land cover, soil type maps, slope maps, and climate data. The SWAT simulation was carried out in the 2012 to 2021 timeframe. The sedimentation values obtained from the SWAT model were sediment values from 0.06 to 34.073.01 tons/ha (55.34%), sediment values from 34.073.01 to 95.323.59 tons/ha (23.27%), sediment value 95.323.59 to 225.951.47 (13.51%), sediment values 225.951.47 to 442.013.09 (6.23%), and sediment values from 442.013.09 to 1,415.454.83 (1.66%). Based on this research, it can be concluded that the highest average sediment is found in the downstream area, with an area of 38,875.66 ha.
The effects of red rice flour (Oryza nivara) substitution on the making of bolu cukke traditional cake
Authors: Burhan D , Latief R
Published: September 2023

Bolu cukke is a traditional cake typical of Soppeng district, South Sulawesi which is made from wheat flour. Along with the increasing consumption of wheat flour, the process of importing wheat in Indonesia has also increased. Wheat flour consumption can be reduced by using gluten-free local food, such as red rice. The aim of this investigation was to identify the best formulation of bolu cukke made from red rice flour based on organoleptic tests, chemical characteristics, and to compare commercial bolu cukke and the best treatment product. The method in this study consisted of several stages, namely organoleptic tests, proximate tests, and antioxidant activity. The results obtained in this study, namely the organoleptic test yielded the best treatment with the formulation of 75% red rice flour: 25% wheat flour, followed by chemical analysis based on the T-Test which showed that the water content, protein content, carbohydrate content and antioxidant activity had a significant effect on the ash and fat content did not significantly affect the use of red rice flour. The conclusion obtained is that the value of chemical characteristics in the best treatment consists of a water content value of 16.70%; ash content 1.56%; fat content 15.51%; protein content 8.08%; carbohydrate content of 58.15% and antioxidant activity based on IC50 1923.692 ppm, whereas without using red rice flour it has a water content value of 22.32%; ash content 1.49%; fat content 17.93%; protein content 8.53%; carbohydrate content of 49.73% and antioxidant activity based on IC50 3003.337 ppm.
The potential for the development of livestock commodities in supporting the availability of animal protein in South Sulawesi
Authors: Fadwiwati Andi Yulyani , Sugiman Sri Bananiek , Muslimin  , Syuryawati  , Ella Andi
Published: September 2023

The development of region-based livestock commodities is the first step and plays an important role in formulating regional food security policies derived from animal protein, particularly from the aspect of the availability of food derived from animal protein. This paper aimed to determine the potential for the development of superior livestock commodities to support the availability of animal protein based on the level of ability or regional potential of each region/district in South Sulawesi. This information can be used as a reference in determining the appropriate regional development method for the development of livestock commodities in South Sulawesi. The research method emphasizes the analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS South Sulawesi in 2021. To find out the present status and potential for the development of livestock commodities for each district, Location Quotient (LQ) analysis is used, using indicators of population size and production of livestock commodities. The conclusion potential for the development of livestock commodities is obtained, ducks, laying hens, and goats are the best livestock commodities in South Sulawesi because they have an LQ value of > 1 spread across 14 districts (ducks) and 13 districts (laying hens, goats), beef cattle commodity found in 12 districts, then there are native chicken and horse commodity with their distributed found in 11 districts. The highest potential for the development of livestock commodities was Gowa, Maros, and Selayar Islands Regencies.
The role of the To Cerekang customary law in preserving natural resources
Authors: Busthanul Nurbaya , Hijjang Pawennari , Syafiuddin Masyhur , Rasda Rais M. , Syam Siti Hardiyanti , Sulistianingsih Erma
Published: September 2023

As a community that is close to its natural environment, the availability, sustainability and sustainability of natural resources is determined by the role of customary law communities in preserving natural resources in their ulayat areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the To Cerekang customary law community in preserving natural resources. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate that the To Cerekang customary law community has made several efforts in carrying out its role to preserve natural resources, namely establishing information boards and barrier signs around the Cerekang Indigenous Forest, conducting routine monitoring activities around the Cerekang customary forest, cleaning up trash on the edge of the forest. the Palopo-Malili axis road which is directly adjacent to the customary forest, and preserves the Cerekang River by cleaning up trash or tree branches in the Cerekang River.
Soil Carbon Storage in Forest and Agriculture Land Use in the Tanralili Watershed
Authors: Marselianti  , Zubair H , Neswati R
Published: September 2023

Soil is a long-term store of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Sequestration of soil organic carbon is considered as one of the climate change mitigation strategies and is related to carbon storage in the soil. This study aims to determine soil carbon storage based on land use in forest areas and dry land agriculture in the Tanralili watershed.Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm, repeated three times in succession purposive sampling on the use of forest land and dry land agriculture. Soil chemical properties observed are bulk density, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, and C:N ratio. Research results show that soil carbon storage is higher in forest land use compared to dry land farming. Forest land with mixed tree crop species had the highest carbon store, namely 96 tons/ha, while dry land with horticultural crop types rotated with various crops had the lowest carbon store, namely 43 tons/ha. Soil carbon accumulation is most abundant in the topsoil layer of 0-10 cm. The availability of soil organic carbon can be seen from the C:N ratio, increasing C:N will reduce the ability to absorb soil carbon.
Effectiveness of agricultural counseling methods during the covid-19 pandemic to increasing rice production in Maros District
Authors: Mappa Sri Rahmiati , Jamil Muh Hatta , Saadah
Published: September 2023

The effectiveness of agricultural extension is an extension effort to achieve maximum results by utilizing existing resources. The implementation of Agricultural Extension during the Covid-19 pandemic is shown through the methods used so that it has a direct or indirect impact on the behavior of farmers in terms of increasing knowledge, attitudes, and skills so that their rice production increases. This study aims to determine the application of agricultural extension methods that are effectively used during the Covid-19 pandemic. The population of this study was all members of the farmer group located in Maros district. Sample determination using a method with a purposive sampling system. The data analysis method is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study found that an effective agricultural extension method during the Covid-19 pandemic was an individual counseling method.
Effect of snail extract for seedpriming on the growth and yield of indigenous chili of Katokkon (Capsicum chinense Jacq)
Authors: Iswoyo Hari , Syam'un Elkawakib , Dermawan Rahmansyah , Kaimuddin  , Yassi Amir , Situmorang Aldi S. , Ramba Tandu
Published: September 2023

This study aims to determine the best response for growth and yield of 3 variants of indigenous katokkon chili to seedpriming treatment using snail extract, and to determine the best concentration of golden snail extract in katokkon chili seed immersion treatment. This research was conducted in Tallangsura Village, at an altitude 900 m asl, Regency of Tana Toraja of South Sulawesi Province. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design experiment which consisted of 2 factors, the first factor as the main factor was the katokkon seed variant (g) which consisted of: Limbong Sampolo landrace, Leatung 1 landrace, Leatung 2 landrace. While the second factor as subplots, namely the concentration of the snail extract solution for seed priming (p) which consists of three levels, namely: control (without snail extract solution, 5 ml.L−1 and 15 ml.L−1. The results showed that the interaction between the treatment of chili varieties and the concentration of immersion did not affect the growth and yield of Katokkon chili plants. The use of the Leatung 2 Katokkon chili landrace gave the best effect on the parameters of plant height (24.62 cm), productive branches (5.53 branches), number of fruit (3.72 fruit), fruit weight harvested (8.05), and fruit length (20.22 mm). Treatment of snail extract immersion concentration of 15 ml.L−1 gave the best effect on fruit diameter parameters (17.8 mm). On the germination parameters, the concentration of 20 ml.L−1 showed the best percentage of germination, namely 67%.
Review: Utilization of cellulose in food products
Authors: Varqani Nurul Al , Bastian Februadi
Published: September 2023

Cellulose is one of the most abundant natural materials in the world. It has a long-chain carbohydrate polymer made up of repeating glucose units. Reviewed literature shows that the material has been widely explored as a functional ingredient in foods, including meat products, emulsions, beverages, dairy products, bread, confectionery, and fillings. This carbohydrate polymer has many promising applications in the functional food and nutraceutical industries. Cellulose can be isolated through chemical, mechanical, and biological means to produce a variety of functional materials in the form of cellulose crystals with varying shapes and sizes, including microcrystalline cellulose, micro fibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, nanofibrillated cellulose, and bacterial cellulose, based on its production techniques and sources. This review highlights the utilization and functions of cellulose as a material in food products.
Roadmap for development of organic honey pineapple in Bantaeng regency
Authors: Sari D W , Baharuddin  , Munizu M
Published: September 2023

Organic honey pineapple farming in Bantaeng Regency is one of the potentials that needs to be developed comprehensively from upstream to downstream. In general, there are constraints on internal factors and external factors. This study aims to design a Roadmap for the development of organic honey pineapple agribusiness in Bantaeng Regency The research method used is descriptive qualitative quantitative by giving questionnaires to organic honey pineapple farmers and in-depth interviews with key informants at the research location. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), then determining the priority strategy using the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) matrix, nine strategies are obtained, including; increase production and product quality, increase farmer human resource capacity through education and training, optimize land use, implement a quality assurance system for fresh and processed products, facilitate the formation and development of partnership patterns, provide pineapple processing facilities, improve product appearance, utilize digital platform for product branding, product diversification, and developing an organic honey pineapple agro-tourism area. The roadmap table for the development of organic honey pineapple in Bantaeng Regency has been compiled as the final result of this research with the formulation of a work program.
The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on seaweed farming (case study of seaweed farming in Bone district)
Authors: Nurlaela  , Kaimuddin  , Arsyad M
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on seaweed farming in Bone District. The source of data used in this study was primary data obtained from questionnaires given to farmers who were respondents as many as 45 people. Farmer analysis was used to see the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on seaweed farming and a comparative test (t-test) to see a comparison of seaweed farmers’ income before and after the covid-19 pandemic. Research shows that the covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on seaweed farming activities by decreasing the income obtained by farmers. The t-test results showed a difference in seaweed farming income before and after the covid-19 pandemic, which was IDR 22,186,309. Before the covid-19 pandemic, farmers were able to earn an income of IDR 92,217,465, but after the covid-19 pandemic farmers’ income decreased and they were only able to earn an income of IDR 70,031,156. One of the factors that caused this was the high price of inputs after the covid-19 pandemic.
Phenotypic variation of local rice in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ishaq Iskandar , Priani Rahma Ayu , Haziman Muhammad Luthfan , Yursak Zuraida , Surdianto Yanto , Gusti Komang Dana Arsana I , Ruswandi Agus , Sutrisna Nana , Winara Aji , Azis Abdul , Qonit Muhammad Abdillah Hasan
Published: September 2023

Rice is the leading staple food in Indonesia and one of the largest production centers in West Java Province. Of the wide local varieties of rice in West Java, only a few have been inventoried and characterized for their morphological characteristics. This study aims to determine West Java’s phenotypic diversity of rice plants. Inventory and morphological characterization of local rice plants was carried out from 2018 to 2021 in seven districts in West Java (Sukabumi, Subang, Cianjur, Sumedang, Bogor, Tasikmalaya, and Bandung). A total of 30 accessions of local rice were observed based on Rice Descriptors. Data analysis used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis with Minitab 21. The results showed that the seven main components contributed to the proportion of diversity of 83.7%. The local rice varieties in the five groups had a degree of similarity of 30%. The characters of leaf blade length, ligule length, ligule color, stem diameter, panicle extrusion, and the presence of awn contributed the most to the total diversity.
Alternative integrated weed control with cowpea to improve soil properties
Authors: Akasah W , Nursa’adah  , Putra A , Toti D P
Published: September 2023

Cover crop (CC) is a ground cover plant. This is one of the strategies to improve soil quality and suppress the use of herbicides. One of the CC is able to survive in a tropical climate and grows well in soil conditions with moderate to low fertility is cowpea. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the benefits of using cowpea as CC to improve soil quality. This research will be conducted with the experimental method. Moreover, this study used a randomized block design with 2 factorials. The first factor was weed control techniques (P), with levels: without weed control (P0), cover crop (P1), pre-emergence herbicides (P2), post-emergence herbicides (P3), and weed-free (by weeding) (P4). And the second factor is tillage technique (T), namely: without tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). Based on the research conducted, it was found that the combination of using CC (P1) and no tillage (T0) treatments were able to improve soil quality, (P1) affects the nitrogen value of the soil due to the presence of root nodules. While the tillage technique (T0) affects the bulk density (BD) which tends to be stable, and the organic-C content is quite restrained due to no evaporation due to tillage.
Sustainable specialty coffee production: An agronomy perspective (A review)
Authors: Rokhmah Dewi Nur , Dani  , Supriadi Handi , Rusli  , Heryana Nana
Published: September 2023

Indonesia has several specialty coffee that have been marketed domestically and exported to foreign countries. The current focus of specialty coffee development is increasing production and quality of domestic coffee by paying attention to aspects of local wisdom. This review article was aimed to discuss several agronomical measures should be applied by coffee farmers in Indonesia. It is hoped that this effort will enrich the variety of high-value specialty coffees from various regions. To obtain specialty coffee products with good quality, coffee cultivation techniques that are in accordance with good agricultural practices (GAP), environmentally friendly, as well as adaptive to climate change, need to be supported. Therefore, it is necessary to apply sustainable coffee cultivation by 1) replanting and rejuvenating of coffee plantations using novel resilient cultivars, 2) planting shade trees, 3) pruning, 4) using organic fertilizer and biofertilizer, 5) rainwater harvesting and irrigation systems, 6) integrated pest, desease, and weed management, and 7) selective cherry harvest.
The role of biofertilizer “Mikrobat” as a stimulator to increase productivity and health of rice plants
Authors: Nurmujahidin N , Patandjengi B , Tajibu B
Published: September 2023

Biofertilizer Mikrobat (Patent Certificate: No. IDP000059255 and Brand Certificate: No. IDM000613360) is a bacterial consortium containing four superior microbes, including Azotobacter sp. isolate AP08, Pseudomonas sp. isolate PP012, Lactobacillus sp. isolate LP032, and Streptomyces sp. isolate SP022 with their respective roles as nitrogen fixers, Phosphate and Potassium solvents, providers of auxin, cytokinins, vitamins, amino acids, and antibiotics. This biotechnological product can be used to loosen and nourish the soil, increase the activity of positive microorganisms in the ground, increase seed vigor, suppress plant pests and diseases, accelerate plant growth and improve production and yield quality. The results of trials on rice plantations in the Experimental farm of BPTPH Maros showed that the treatment of Mikrobat has the best results in suppressing bacterial leaf blight and blast diseases and increasing rice plant production. The intensity of BLB disease and blast on Brang Biji (hybrid variety) of 0% and 0.5% compared to controls 8% and 2%, respectively. The highest number of tillers reached 19.02 tiller than control with 13.98, while production achieved 12.74 tonnes/ha compared to the control 9.42 tonnes/ha.
Analysis genetic diversity of rombeng pines using RAPD markers
Authors: Lailasari A , Mukrimin  , Larekeng S H
Published: September 2023

The tourism industry in Indonesia continues to grow from year to year, as evidenced by the expansion of tourism villages. In the context of tourism, the term’resources’ refers to everything that has the potential to be developed to directly or indirectly support tourism. The natural potential of the Rombeng pine forest (Pinus sp.) in Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi, has become a tourist attraction for the surrounding community and visitors from outside the city. This pine species has a trunk characteristic that distinguishes it from scattered pine in general. This trait is manifested by grayish skin and a reddish hue that can be exfoliated. Based on this, an examination of the genetic diversity of pine species in the Bantaeng district was conducted. Utilizing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and Darwin 6. 0 as a research methodology. This study indicates that the diversity value (HE) of Pinus species is 0.46, which is relatively high. The near category of based genetic distance is dominated by genetic kinship, and the closest genetic distance is 0.04 while the farthest is 0.80.
Landslide-prone areas in Makale Selatan with the analytical hierarchy process method
Authors: Sarma Y , Ahmad A , Laban S
Published: September 2023

Landslides are one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia. The Tana Toraja area has not been spared landslides, especially in the Makale Selatan district. Makale Selatan is one of the supply areas for agricultural products in South Sulawesi. Therefore it is necessary to map landslide-prone areas to support landslide disaster mitigation. This study aims to map landslide-prone regions and determine the factors most influencing landslide events in Makale Selatan. This study uses an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method with a weighting factor. The parameters, namely; slope, rainfall, land use, soil texture, soil type, and rock formations. The results showed that the incidence of landslides in Makale Selatan was strongly influenced by the slope, with the highest weighting factor with a weight of 0.410 (Score of 41%). Rainfall and land use with the same weight of 0.170 (Score of 17%), then the parameters of soil type and soil texture also with the exact weight is 0.096 (score of 9.6%), and the rock formation parameters with a weight of 0.058 (score 5.8%). The level of landslide-prone areas in the study area namely; 12.46% for the not prone area, 51.72% for slightly prone, prone areas 25.72%, and very prone was 10.11% for the total study area. The not-prone village is Tiromanda, and the most prone village is Lembang Randan Batu. The slope parameter is the parameter that most influences landslides in Makale Selatan. Land use for agriculture must be mechanically conserved to reduce the slope angle and prevent landslides.
Detection of pathogen foodborne disease bacteria Staphylococcus aureus from German Cockroach (Blattella germanica) in the hospital area
Authors: Yulianti D M , Hikam A R , Ambarningrum T B , Satwika T D
Published: September 2023

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) is a pest often found in apartments, houses, food-handling areas, hospitals, and healthcare facilities in Indonesia. It searches for food in dirty places such as trash cans, sewers, and septic tanks. The cockroach will feed on almost anything, including fecal matter and food for humans. So, this habit causes the German cockroach can act as a vector for several pathogenic bacteria and increases the risk of various health problems, such as foodborne diseases. One of the bacteria that cause foodborne disease is Staphylococcus aureus because these bacteria can produce toxins that cause intoxication in food. So the purpose of this study was to detect the presence of Staphylococcus aureus on cockroaches’ body surface and digestive tract. The sample of cockroaches was collected by jar trap from a hospital environment in Purwokerto (Central Java, Indonesia). The bacteria isolates were confirmed by selective medium to ensure that the isolated bacteria were S. aureus bacteria. The results showed that 26 isolates were successfully isolated from the body surface, and 21 isolates were successfully isolated from the digestive tract of the German cockroach. From these isolates, it was found that 11.53% of the isolates came from the body surface of the German cockroach, and 14.28% of the bacterial isolates isolated from the digestive tract of the German cockroach were S. aureus. The results of this study indicate that the German cockroach can be a vector for the spread of the pathogen S. aureus.
Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky): the primary obstacles in the maize quality and quantity
Authors: Sebayang A , Rohimatun  , Salim  , Rubiana R , Sipi S , Manwan S W , Fattah A , Arrahman A , Yasin M , Saenong M S
Published: September 2023

One of the main obstacles to maize farming is the extensive loss of yields caused by the investment of the Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during the storage period. This pest attacks maize kernels in the active larval stage; they burrow, attack, and hide in seeds. Some research reports that this pest attack can cause damage between 18-20%; in conditions of high water content, the damage rate can reach 30-40%. In addition to direct damage, this pest attack can reduce product and nutritional quality, seed weight, and the percentage of germination, which will reduce market value. Besides being able to cause severe damage to maize kernels, this pest also attacks several other agricultural products in stockpiles, such as sorghum, rice, wheat, and processed food products such as pasta and biscuits. This paper reviews several significant research results on the insect pest Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. In the future, it is hoped that it will provide helpful information for researchers and academics everywhere.
Characteristics of morphology and response of several soybean varieties to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Fattah A , Asaad M , Idaryani  , Herniwati  , Warda  , Nurjanani  , Mirsam H , Nappu M B , Hannan F I , Enriani  , Rahmi  , Sunanto  , Andriani I , Syam A , Wahditiya A A
Published: September 2023

South Sulawesi has long been known as the largest soybean-producing province in Indonesia and one of its supporters is the emergence of several soybean varieties that have responsiveness and adaptability to various agroecosystems and are tolerant to pests and diseases. Several soybean varieties that have been developed by farmers and brought South Sulawesi to be known as the largest soybean producer in Indonesia include Wilis, Mahameru, Anjasmoro, and Argomulyo. The Wilis variety emerged as a superior variety in South Sulawesi in the era of 1986-1989. This variety has higher responsiveness and adaptability as well as productivity (1.60 t ha−1) than Orba and Galunggung (1.50 t ha−1). Then in 1990-2012, the Mahameru variety appeared which was most favored by farmers at that time. The Mahameru variety has several advantages, including larger seeds (16.0-17.0 g) than Wilis (10.0 g) per 100 seeds. In addition, this variety is resistant to fall, resistant to leaf rust, and has higher productivity (2.0-2.5 t ha−1) than Wilis (1.6 t h a −1). From 2013 to 2018, the Anjasmoro and Agromolyo varieties emerged which have brought the name South Sulawesi known as the largest source of soybean seeds in Eastern Indonesia. This variety has several advantages over Mahameru, including being older, being more mature and adaptive to various agroecosystems, and being tolerant of pests and diseases. In 2019-2021 several soybeans have appeared, including the Derap-1, Deja-1, Dega-1, Detap-1, Devon-1, and Dena-1 varieties. This variety has several advantages compared to Anjasmoro and Argomulyo, including earlier age, larger seeds, higher productivity, resistance to fall, and more tolerance to pests and diseases. This variety also has high adaptability and response to various agroecosystems, including in paddy fields and dry land.
Impact of urbanization on the ant diversity: a case study on teak plantation in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Faiz Nashiruddin , Bayu Mario M , Tarno Hagus , Setiawan Yogo , Amaliah Asri Ainun , Sari Nur Indah , Achmad Muhammad Alifuddin , Kafle Lekhnath
Published: September 2023

Ant communities play an important role in a teak agroecosystem. However, ant diversity is affected by urbanization. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and composition of ants in teak plantations in urban and rural areas. This study was conducted in July 2022 at three plantations in two regencies (Gowa and Maros) and one city (Makassar) in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Gowa and Maros are located in rural areas, while Makassar is located in urban areas. Ants were sampled using a pitfall canopy. At each plantation, 20 trees were sampled randomly for pitfall installation. Ants were identified to the genera level and morphospecies. Ant’s diversity was analyzed using the Shannon Wiener, Simpson, and Evenness index and analysis of dissimilarity (Anosim). Total 273 individual ants samples were collected from 10 species and four subfamilies from three teak plantations in South Sulawesi. Crematogaster sp.1 was the most abundant ant among all the collected samples. Based upon the different indexes, the highest ant diversity was found in Gowa followed by Maros, while the lowest diversity was found in Makassar. The level of ant dominance in Makassar was higher than other two studied areas. The highest species evenness index was also found in Gowa and followed by Maros. The species composition in the three teak plantations was also not similar. Each location had their unique species composition than the other locations. This indicated that urbanization causes negative impacts on ants diversity and evenness as well as increase the dominance of ant species in teak plantations.
Intraguild predation of Phenacoccus manihoti parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi by two mealybug predators, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Plesiochrysa ramburi
Authors: Fanani M Z , Rauf A , Maryana N , Nurmasyah A , Hindayana D
Published: September 2023

Anagyrus lopeziis a specialist parasitoid was introduced to Indonesia in 2014 to control cassava mealybug,Phenacoccus manihoti. Plesiochrysa ramburiandCryptolaemus montrouzieriare generalist predator insects associated with the mealybug. Intraguild predation is a crucial competition in an insect community. The study objective was to investigate interference of both predators on healthy mealybug (unparasitized) or parasitized mealybug byA. lopezi(mealybug which containing parasitoid larvae 1-, 3-, 8-, and 14-day old). Experiments were carried out in a non-choice test (served only one unparasitized or parasitized mealybug of a specific parasitoid age) and choice test (unparasitized and parasitized mealybug of a specific parasitoid age together) in laboratory under controlled environmental conditions. Both of predators species able to fed on both unparasitized and parasitized mealybugs of three different age (1-, 3-, and 8- day-old), but both predators discriminated against mealybug were parasitized 14-day old (hardened mummies). Interaction between parasitoid ofA. lopeziand both predators showed antagonistic interaction type. We recommendedA. lopezishould be released in field at the beginning of the time when the population of the mealybug is still low and could be continued with the predators release when the mealybug population is high.
Impact of planting distances to arthropods abundance on kangkong
Authors: Aminah S N , Melina  , Rezeki E R
Published: September 2023

Kangkong (Ipomoea reptans Poir) is the favourite green vegetable especially most of Asian people. The important factors affecting production of kangkong is the planting distance. The optimal planting distance create an ideal microhabitat around crop and potential to suppress development of insect pests. The research purpose is to study the impact of planting distance to arthropods abundance on kangkong. The research was conducted in Somba Opu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi from February to May 2020. The arthropods identification was carried out at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. The study was conducted in four treatments of planting distance, P1= 5 cm x 5 cm; P2 = 5 cm x 10 cm, P3 = 5 cm x 15 cm and P4 = the seeds was spread (without planting distance), respectively. Each treatment was repeated four times, the arthropods was caught by pitfall trap. The sampling method used the diagonal pattern. Observation of arthropods began when the kangkong 7 days after planting with interval 7 days until harvest. The arthropods results divided into two group (insect pest and natural enemies) showed that: 1) the highest number of insect pests in the pitfall trap was found in treatment P4 (Valanga sp. 1.25 individual); 2) the highest natural enemies number from Hymenoptera (Formicidae); and 3) the highest harvest number in the treatment P1 (13.1 kg) and the lowest in P4 (11.3 kg). Conclusion of the research: grasshopper Valanga sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as the dominan insect pest in P4 (1.25 individual). Dominant arthropods as natural enemies in the kangkong field as Formicidae in P3 (14.5 individual). The highest harvest in kangkong field at P1 (13.1 kg) and the lowest in P4 (11.3 kg).
Characterization of chitinolytic bacteria isolated from Ipomea pes caprae
Authors: Bahar A K F , Patandjengi B , Hardiansyah M Y , Membalik V
Published: September 2023

Chitin has substantial benefits in several sectors including agriculture. In the plant protection field, chitin can promote the growth of certain bacteria which has possibly controlled the spread of fungal pathogens. Thus, chitinolytic bacteria producing chitinase enzymes can inhibit the growth of fungi. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological and physiological characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria which collected from Ipomea pes caprae in Makassar and its ability to produce chitinolytic enzymes on medial culture. The method started to grow the isolates on the nutrient agar which were added to colloidal chitin. Furthermore, the bacteria were identified by its color, form, elevation and edge as well as tested its physiological characteristics with KOH 3% test and catalase test. In addition, bacterial chitinolytic index was carried out by using the disc diffusion method. The results showed that each isolate had yellowish white and grayish white colors; morphological characters: round and irregular colony shapes, colony edges smooth and choppy as well as umbonature and convex elevations. The physiological test results indicate that all isolates had a positive response in the catalase test, one of the isolates reacted positively to the gram test and the others reacted negatively to the test. Each isolate had chitinolytic activity with indices of 0.10, 0.09, 0.70, and 0.11.
Morphology and life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with soybean leaf (Glycine max[L.] Merr.) in the laboratory
Authors: Arifin Siti Hasry Ainun , Abdullah Tamrin
Published: September 2023

Soybean (Glycine max[L.] Merr. ) is an important vegetable source of vegetable protein for the whole world. Wilis is one of the superior varieties in great demand among farmers. However, soybean production in recent years in Indonesia has declined. One of the causes is the presence of parasites which can cause losses both in quantity and quality. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious pest that can attack 353 host plants from 76 plant families and one of them is the Fabaceae family. This research was conducted at the laboratory and experimental farm of Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture and took place from August to December 2020. The larvae were obtained from Sidenreng Rappang regency, Watang Pulu district. Insect was reared in the laboratory to produce eggs which are used to observe the life cycle of S. frugiperda with soybean leaves as food. Biological observations were made, including the duration of each stadium, and the shape and size of the egg until it becomes an adults. The results of this study showed that the larvae of S. frugiperda consisted of six instars. The mean duration of eggs to hatching was 1.8 days, the duration of the larval was 18.78 days, the duration of the pre-pupa was 1.61 days, the duration of the pupal was 10 days and the longevityis s 9.28 days for males adults and 13.73 days for females adults.
Reactions of several chili cultivars against Colletotrichum capsici and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Arfiani N , Riswan R P , Risnawati I S , Amin N , Asman  , Fatahuddin  , Nasruddin A
Published: September 2023

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the most damaging chili diseases. The purpose of the current study was to determine the pathogenicity of two important pathogens of chili anthracnose disease, C. gloeosporioides (Penz) Penz. & Sacc. and C. capsici E.J. Butler & Bisby, on several chili cultivars in laboratory. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design in factorial. The first factor was chili cultivar: Gandewa, Lado, Laris, Pilar, Provost, Bhaskara, and Bara; and the second factor was inoculation method: wounding and non-wounding the fruits. The treated fruits were then incubated in room temperature. Symptom severity was assessed 48 h after the inoculation and every 24 h thereafter for a total of four observations. The results showed that for non-wounding inoculation, all cultivars were highly resistant against C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with no symptom, except Gandewa was moderately susceptible to C. gloeosporioides. However, for the wounding inoculation, all cultivars were infected by both C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici with varying severity levels. Lado and Pilar were moderately resistant to C. gloeosporioides. For cultivar reaction against C. capsici, Gandewa, Lado, Laris, and Provost were moderately resistant, and the other cultivars were moderately susceptible.
Control for purple blotch and anthracnose diseases using biopesticides and local varieties of shallots in the rainy season
Authors: Sulastrini I , Hanudin  , Hasyim A , Setiawati W , Moekasan T K
Published: September 2023

Purple blotch and anthracnose disease are the main diseases of shallots. The purpose of this study was to obtain an environmentally friendly technology for controlling purple blotch and anthracnose on shallots during the rainy season. The design used in this research was a split plot design with the main plots of local varieties of shallots (A) namely Sembrani, Bima Brebes and Maja Cipanas. As a sub-plot is the use of fungicides, namely chemical fungicides, chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides are used interchangeably and bio-fungicides are used routinely. The results of research conducted in the rainy season show that Sembrani variety had a significant effect on reducing the severity of purple blotch, anthracnose, and Stemphylium leaf blight disease compared with Bima Brebes and Maja Cipanas varieties. The use of chemical fungicides continuously is comparable to use of chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides which are carried out alternately in suppressing the severity of purple blotch, anthracnose and Stemphylium leaf blight diseases on shallots. Control by using chemical fungicides and bio-fungicides alternately that are can save the use of chemical fungicides by 50% thereby can protect the environment sustainability.
Post-harvest pest population based on observation method at bulog warehouse
Authors: Rajamuddin  , Wardiman Muhammad Agung
Published: September 2023

Postharvest pests are the biggest problem during storage, so it is necessary to monitor for control measures. This study aims to monitor the population using two systems of monitoring methods. This research was conducted in three regencies where Bulogs rice was stored. The monitoring using namely direct and indirect method. Direct monitoring was carried out by determining five sample points diagonally, each sample point measuring 1×1 m and then directly monitoring all of the insects pest found. While indirect monitoring were carried out by taking samples using a probe with three times at each sample point and the collected rice was weighed as much as 300 grams and then count the population in the rice. Monitoring were made on comodities that had been fumigated for two months. The results showed that the highest population of postharvest pests was found in the direct visual monitoring method and the pests with the highest population was Cryptolestes, then Tribolium, and the lowest was Rhyzopertha.
Genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrids maize agronomy characters adaptive to dry land, medium plains
Authors: Syahruddin K , Suwardi
Published: September 2023

The selection of hybrid maize plants that adapt to dry land in the medium plains is very important considering the very widely available such land in Indonesia, so the existence of adaptive varieties is needed. Information on agronomic characters of adaptive hybrid maize is the basic information for character selection to make the breeding program more effective. The study aims to determine the genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrid maize agronomic characters tested in dry land of medium plains. The genetic material used 22 maize hybrids, arranged in randomized block design with 3 replications. The experiment was carried out in Polewali Mandar Regency, West Sulawesi from June to September 2021. The results showed the characters that were strongly influenced by the environment were ear position height, stem diameter, male and female flowering time, and shelling percentage. The characters of stem diameter, male and female flowering time, and shelling percentage can be used for selection characters in the advanced generations. The characters that had significantly positively correlated with yield characters were plant height, leaf width, ear diameter, harvested ear weight, and weight of 1000 kernels, while the character that had negatively correlated with yield was kernel moisture content.
Phenotypic leaf character of katokkon chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) result of polyploidization with colchicine
Authors: Novitasari  , Sjahril R , Saleh I R , Haring F , Mantja K , Tambung A , Noviany F
Published: September 2023

The formation of a new variety of katokkon chili through mutation breeding using colchicine was conducted in this study. This study aims to determine the effect of the phenotypic leaf characters of katokkon chili pepper resulting from polyploidization with colchicine. The study was conducted at the Malino Horticulture Seed Garden Installation, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi at an altitude of 1047 m above sea level. This study used samples of katokkon chili pepper plants that had been induced by colchicine and were analyzed using flow cytometry. The results showed that treatment with 0.10% colchicine concentration and 48 hours of soaking time and 0.20% colchicine concentration and 24 and 48 hours of soaking time that is tetraploid detected plant affected on darker leaf color and irregular branching shape compared to wild-type. At the same time, tetraploid plants leaf length, width and thickness did not show significant differences with diploid and mixoploid plants.