bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing, Monitoring, and Treatment of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy
Authors: Lee Sun Y , Pearce Elizabeth N
Published: December 2020

Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can have adverse effects in pregnancy. The most common causes of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy are gestational transient thyrotoxicosis and Graves’ disease. It is important to distinguish between these entities as treatment options differ. Women of reproductive age who are diagnosed with Graves’ disease should be counseled regarding the impact of treatment options on a potential pregnancy. Although the absolute risk is small, antithyroid medications can have teratogenic effects. Propylthiouracil appears to have less severe teratogenicity compared to methimazole and is therefore favored during the first trimester if a medication is needed. Women should be advised to delay pregnancy for at least 6 months following radioactive iodine to minimize potential adverse effects from radiation and ensure normal thyroid hormone levels prior to conception. As thyroid hormone is critical for normal fetal development, hypothyroidism is associated with adverse obstetric and child neurodevelopmental outcomes. Women with overt hypothyroidism should be treated with levothyroxine (LT4) to a thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) goal of <2.5 mIU/L. There is mounting evidence for associations of maternal hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism with pregnancy loss, preterm labor, and lower scores on child cognitive assessment. Although there is minimal risk of LT4 treatment to keep TSH within the pregnancy-specific reference range, treatment of mild maternal thyroid hypofunction remains controversial, given the lack of clinical trials showing improved outcomes with LT4 treatment.
ВЛИЯНИЕ КОРОНАВИРУСА НА ЭКОНОМИКУ РОССИИ
Authors: Kuzmenkova Vera Dzhabrailovna
Published: December 2020

Эпидемия коронавируса (СОVID-19) является коварным заболеванием, которое быстро распространяется по всему миру, оказывая отрицательное воздействие на все человеческое сообщество. СОVID-19 влияет на здоровье людей, на все сферы деятельности, как внутри страны, так и за ее пределы.В статье рассмотрены влияние пандемии на экономику России и направления его снижения. Анализируются экономические последствия на основе экспертных оценок, опубликованных в средствах массовой информации.Цель: изучение современного состояния экономики России в условиях эпидемии коронавируса для предложения путей выхода из мирового кризиса.Метод или методология проведения работы: общенаучные, экономико-математические, статистические, метод экспертных оценок и т.д.Результаты: в статье сформулированы основные направления выхода России из кризиса.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять при разработке стратегии и тактики выхода России из кризиса.
CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSES TO INTERACTION WITH DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF SLOW SOLAR WIND
Authors: Parkhomov Vladimir , Eselevich Viktor , Eselevich Maxim , Dmitriev Aleksey , Suvorova Alla , Vedernikova Tatyana
Published: December 2020

We propose a possible classification of the responses of the magnetosphere to the interaction with diamagnetic structures (DS), which form the basis of the slow solar wind. The main determinants of the classification are the value and orientation of the vertical component Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind density N. We have identified three types of magnetospheric responses. Type 1 has two subtypes whose main difference is the presence or absence of auroras on the day side of the magnetosphere. Within an hour before DS arrival, Bz has a positive value (up to 12 nT) or fluctuates about 0 in the range from –1 to +1 nT. For both subtypes, the duration of substorm disturbances approximately coincides with the duration of DS, and their intensity does not exceed AE~500 nT. Type 2 is characterized by the fact that before the contact with DS positive IMF Bz (0–10 nT) is recorded for an hour, and at the interface of DS a rapid (≤2 min) change in the orientation of the IMF vertical component from north to south occurs. For type 3, Bz within an hour before the contact with DS is negative (from –10 to 0 nT).

We address the problem of DS energy transfer to the magnetosphere.
APPLYING THE METHOD OF MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MAGNETOGRAM INVERSION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Penskikh Yury
Published: December 2020

Fundamentals of the spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) of the geomagnetic field were created by Gauss. They acquired the classical Chapman — Schmidt form in the first half of the XXth century. The SHA method was actively developed for domestic geomagnetology by IZMIRAN, and then, since the start of the space age, by ISTP SB RAS, where SHA became the basis for a comprehensive method of MIT (magnetogram inversion technique). SHA solves the inverse problem of potential theory and calculates sources of geomagnetic field variations (GFV) - internal and external electric currents. The SHA algorithm forms a system of linear equations (SLE), which consists of 3K equations (three components of the geomagnetic field, K is the number of ground magnetic stations). Small changes in the left and (or) right side of such SLE can lead to a significant change in unknown variables. As a result, two consecutive instants of time with almost identical GFV are approximated by significantly different SHA coefficients. This contradicts both logic and real observations of the geomagnetic field. The inherent error of magnetometers, as well as the method for determining GFV, also entails the instability of SLE solution. To solve such SLEs optimally, the method of maximum contribution (MMC) was developed at ISTP SB RAS half a century ago. This paper presents basics of the original method and proposes a number of its modifications that increase the accuracy and (or) speed of solving the SLEs. The advantage of MMC over other popular methods is shown, especially for the Southern Hemisphere of Earth.
El Feedback como herramienta didáctica para el fomento de la autonomía en la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras.
Authors: Lucia Bailini Sonia
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se plantea explorar el potencial del feedback como herramienta didáctica para el fomento de la autonomía en el aula universitaria de español como lengua extranjera. En el marco de la Teoría Sociocultural el feedback es una actividad colaborativa que apunta a promover la concienciación lingüística a través de la interacción verbal para que el aprendiente llegue a ser cada vez más autorregulado, es decir, autónomo. En este contexto, la tipología de feedback que se ofrece es lo que marca el grado de desarrollo potencial de la autonomía. A partir de un estudio en el que se observó el impacto de tres tipos distintos de feedback en la evolución de la interlengua del español LE en alumnos de nivel C1, en este artículo se profundiza en su papel para estimular el proceso de autonomización del alumno.
Compressed sensing for active non-line-of-sight imaging
Authors: Ye Jun-Tian , Huang Xin , Li Zheng-Ping , Xu Feihu
Published: December 2020

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging techniques have the ability to look around corners, which is of growing interest for diverse applications. We explore compressed sensing in active NLOS imaging and show that compressed sensing can greatly reduce the required number of scanning points without the compromise of the imaging quality. Particularly, we perform the analysis for both confocal NLOS imaging and active occlusion-based periscopy. In experiment, we demonstrate confocal NLOS imaging with only 5 × 5 scanning points for reconstructing a three-dimensional hidden image which has 64 × 64 spatial resolution. The results show that compressed sensing can reduce the scanning points and the total capture time, while keeping the imaging quality. This will be desirable for high speed NLOS applications.
Compact silicon-photonic mode-division (de)multiplexer using waveguide-wrapped microdisk resonators
Authors: Gostimirovic Dusan , Ye Winnie N.
Published: December 2020

We experimentally demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first microdisk-based silicon-photonic mode-division (de)multiplexer circuit, which is compatible with wavelength-division multiplexing for high aggregate bandwidth on-chip optical communications. This circuit uses waveguide-wrapped microdisk resonators, featuring low levels of intermodal crosstalk and insertion loss within an ultracompact footprint. In addition, the proposed device presents an increased free spectral range, allowing for 530 combined data channels. Furthermore, the microdisk structure naturally supports vertically oriented depletion-type pn junctions, which have been shown to reach subfemtojoule-per-bit modulation efficiencies. The high modulation efficiency, compactness, and wide free spectral range of waveguide-wrapped microdisk resonators present the potential for higher bandwidth and lower energy consumption in next-generation data processing and communication applications.
Oligodendrocytes support axonal transport and maintenance via exosome secretion
Authors: Frühbeis Carsten , Kuo-Elsner Wen Ping , Müller Christina , Barth Kerstin , Peris Leticia , Tenzer Stefan , Möbius Wiebke , Werner Hauke B. , Nave Klaus-Armin , Fröhlich Dominik , Krämer-Albers Eva-Maria
Published: December 2020

Neurons extend long axons that require maintenance and are susceptible to degeneration. Long-term integrity of axons depends on intrinsic mechanisms including axonal transport and extrinsic support from adjacent glial cells. The mechanisms of support provided by myelinating oligodendrocytes to underlying axons are only partly understood. Oligodendrocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) with properties of exosomes, which upon delivery to neurons improve neuronal viability in vitro. Here, we show that oligodendroglial exosome secretion is impaired in 2 mouse mutants exhibiting secondary axonal degeneration due to oligodendrocyte-specific gene defects. Wild-type oligodendroglial exosomes support neurons by improving the metabolic state and promoting axonal transport in nutrient-deprived neurons. Mutant oligodendrocytes release fewer exosomes, which share a common signature of underrepresented proteins. Notably, mutant exosomes lack the ability to support nutrient-deprived neurons and to promote axonal transport. Together, these findings indicate that glia-to-neuron exosome transfer promotes neuronal long-term maintenance by facilitating axonal transport, providing a novel mechanistic link between myelin diseases and secondary loss of axonal integrity.
Age influences on Propofol estimated brain concentration and entropy during maintenance and at return of consciousness during total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusion in unparalyzed patients: An observational prospective trial
Authors: Linassi Federico , Kreuzer Matthias , Maran Eleonora , Farnia Antonio , Zanatta Paolo , Navalesi Paolo , Carron Michele
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Aging affects pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics of anesthetics, but age effects on Entropy-guided total intravenous anesthesia with target-controlled infusions (TIVA-TCI) are not fully characterized. We compared aging effects on effective estimated brain concentration of Propofol (CeP) during TIVA-TCI Entropy-guided anesthesia, without neuromuscular blockade (NMB).

Methods

We performed an observational, prospective, single-center study enrolling 75 adult women undergoing Entropy-guided Propofol-Remifentanil TIVA-TCI for breast surgery. Primary endpoint was the relationship between age and CeP at maintenance of anesthesia (MA) during Entropy-guided anesthesia. Secondary endpoints were relationships between age and CeP at arousal reaction (AR), return of consciousness (ROC) and explicit recall evenience. We calculated a linear model to evaluate the age’s impact on observational variable and performed pairwise tests to compare old (≥65 years, n = 50) and young (<65 years, n = 25) patients or patients with and without an AR.

Results

We did not observe age-related differences in CeP during MA, but CeP significantly (p = 0,01) decreased with age at ROC. Entropy values during MA increased with age and were significantly higher in the elderly (RE: median 56[IQR49.3–61] vs 47.5[42–52.5],p = 0.001; SE: 51.6[45–55.5] vs 44[IQR40-50],p = 0.005). 18 patients had an AR, having higher maximum RE (92.5[78–96.3] vs 65[56.5–80.5],p<0.001), SE (79[64.8–84] vs 61[52.5–69],p = 0.03, RE-SE (12.5[9.5–16.5] vs 6 [3–9],p<0.001.

Conclusion

Older age was associated with lower CeP at ROC, but not during MA in unparalysed patients undergoing breast surgery. Although RE and SE during MA, at comparable CeP, were higher in the elderly, Entropy, and in particular an increasing RE-SE, is a reliable index to detect an AR.
Dental extraction and full mouth root canal therapy in a patient with atypical odontalgia: Report of invasive malpractice
Authors: Mortazavi Hamed , Baharvand Maryam , Rezaei Far Kosar , Eznaveh Zahra Sanjabi
Published: December 2020

Atypical odontalgia is a pain disorder featured by constant pain without any obvious dental pathology. We report a 38-year-old man having chronic orofacial pain in the past two years. The pain was first located in the left maxillary premolar-molar region, but spread to the contra lateral mandible, occipital region, head and shoulders over time. The pain was described as dull and continuous with the intensity of #6 (VAS), and not relieved even after root canal therapy of all teeth and extraction of wisdom teeth . Some comorbid conditions such as TMJ problems and involvement of masticatory muscles were also reported. Finally, the diagnosis of atypical odontalgia was established due to lack of evidence for any organic pathology on clinical and paraclinical investigations, and a combination therapy including fluoxetine and clonazepam was started. Dental practitioners should consider AO when confronting toothache without any reasonable organic cause and avoid unnecessary dental procedures.
KEYWORDS
Atypical toothache; Malpractice; Endodontics.
Die zeit- und kulturhistorischen Videoarchive der ORF-TVthek
Authors: Prantner Thomas
Published: December 2020

Die ORF-TVthek stellt neben tagesaktuellem TV-Programm inzwischen 36 themenbezogene zeit- und kulturhistorische Videoarchive mit insgesamt 3500 Videos im Rahmen der Aktion „ORF-TVthek goes school“ auch speziell für die Nutzung im Unterricht bereit. Wertvolle Inhalte des Multimedialen ORF-Archivs dienen dabei dazu, wichtige Ereignisse und Entwicklungen öffentlich zugänglich zu machen, in multimedialer Form zu dokumentieren und das Verständnis für Vergangenheit und Gegenwart im Sinne des öffentlich-rechtlichen Bildungsauftrags zu fördern, v. a. bei der jungen Zielgruppe.
The DHX36-specific-motif (DSM) enhances specificity by accelerating recruitment of DNA G-quadruplex structures
Authors: Chang-Gu Bruce , Bradburn Devin , Yangyuoru Philip M. , Russell Rick
Published: December 2020

DHX36 is a eukaryotic DEAH/RHA family helicase that disrupts G-quadruplex structures (G4s) with high specificity, contributing to regulatory roles of G4s. Here we used a DHX36 truncation to examine the roles of the 13-amino acid DHX36-specific motif (DSM) in DNA G4 recognition and disruption. We found that the DSM promotes G4 recognition and specificity by increasing the G4 binding rate of DHX36 without affecting the dissociation rate. Further, for most of the G4s measured, the DSM has little or no effect on the G4 disruption step by DHX36, implying that contacts with the G4 are maintained through the transition state for G4 disruption. This result suggests that partial disruption of the G4 from the 3’ end is sufficient to reach the overall transition state for G4 disruption, while the DSM remains unperturbed at the 5’ end. Interestingly, the DSM does not contribute to G4 binding kinetics or thermodynamics at low temperature, indicating a highly modular function. Together, our results animate recent DHX36 crystal structures, suggesting a model in which the DSM recruits G4s in a modular and flexible manner by contacting the 5’ face early in binding, prior to rate-limiting capture and disruption of the G4 by the helicase core.
Nursing student-patient relationship – a 10-year comparison study in Finland
Authors: Suikkala Arja , Leino-Kilpi Helena , Katajisto Jouko
Published: December 2020

Objective

This study aimed to describe and compare the group-level findings from 2005–2006 and 2015–2016 regarding students’ and patients’ views of the nursing student-patient relationship and associated factors.

Methods

The data were in both cases collected using Student-Patient Relationship Scales. The data were analysed statistically.

Results

In both student cohorts, authoritative and facilitative student-patient relationships were reported by the students more frequently than mechanistic relationships. Authoritative relationships were most common in both patient cohorts, whereas facilitative relationships had become more frequent than mechanistic relationships. A positive change of views in the student and patient cohorts was found in factors associated with the relationship.

Conclusion

In order to strengthen a clinical learning culture that reflects a facilitative student-patient relationship, further research is needed on the processes and outcomes of that relationship.
On the minimal degree of a transitive permutation group with stabilizer a 2-group
Authors: Potočnik Primož , Spiga Pablo
Published: December 2020

The minimal degree of a permutation group G is defined as the minimal number of non-fixed points of a non-trivial element of G.
In this paper, we show that if G is a transitive permutation group of degree n having no non-trivial normal 2-subgroups such that the stabilizer of a point is a 2-group, then the minimal degree of G is at least

2
3

⁢
n

{\frac{2}{3}n}

.
The proof depends on the classification of finite simple groups.
Exponent of a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism of prime order
Authors: Rodrigues Sara , Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: December 2020

Let 𝐺 be a finite group admitting an automorphism 𝜙 of prime order 𝑝 such that

(

|
G
|

,
p
)

=
1

(\lvert G\rvert,p)=1

.
It is shown that if the fixed-point subgroup for 𝜙 has rank 𝑟 and

(

x

-
1

⁢

x
ϕ

)

e

=
1

(x^{-1}x^{\phi})^{e}=\nobreak 1

for each

x
∈
G

x\in G

, then the exponent of

[
G
,
ϕ
]

[G,\phi]

is

(
e
,
p
,
r
)

(e,p,r)

-bounded.
Gestational iron deficiency anemia is associated with preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and postpartum infections
Authors: Kemppinen Lotta , Mattila Mirjami , Ekholm Eeva , Pallasmaa Nanneli , Törmä Ari , Varakas Leila , Mäkikallio Kaarin
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Gestational IDA has been linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of iron supplementation on outcome measures remains unclear. Our objective was to assess the effects of gestational IDA on pregnancy outcomes and compare outcomes in pregnancies treated with either oral or intravenous iron supplementation.

Methods

We evaluated maternal and neonatal outcomes in 215 pregnancies complicated with gestational IDA (Hb<100 g/L) and delivered in our tertiary unit between January 2016 and October 2018. All pregnancies from the same period served as a reference group (n=11,545). 163 anemic mothers received oral iron supplementation, and 52 mothers received intravenous iron supplementation.

Results

Gestational IDA was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (10.2% vs. 6.1%, p=0.009) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) (1.9% vs. 0.3%, p=0.006). The gestational IDA group that received intravenous iron supplementation had a greater increase in Hb levels compared to those who received oral medication (18.0 g/L vs. 10.0 g/L, p<0.001), but no statistically significant differences in maternal and neonatal outcomes were detected.

Conclusions

Compared to the reference group, prematurity, FGR, postpartum infections, and extended hospital stays were more common among mothers with gestational IDA, causing an additional burden on the families and the healthcare system.
Civic Apprenticeship: Build The Talent Pipeline For The Nonprofit Sector By Expanding National Service And Recognizing Its Role In Workforce Development
Authors: Sagawa Shirley
Published: December 2020

National service operates as a workforce development system for nonprofits by offering individuals a paid opportunity to develop real-world skills through hands-on service. A service year before, during, or after college – or as a way to get back on track – gives Americans of all ages, but especially young adults, the chance to transform their lives, make an impact in their community, and become the active citizens and leaders our nation needs.
Merging two spectra from compact spectrometers with different detector technologies
Authors: Lischtschenko Oliver , Kehrein Achim
Published: December 2020

This paper describes the merging of spectra measured by two different spectrometers. Different concepts for merging data from different instruments are presented. All existing approaches violate the conservation law of energy when comparing measurements from two different instruments. The fundamental cause behind violation of the energy conservation law lies in the properties of the measurement device itself. Data can only be merged successfully if the distortion caused by both instruments is small. Typical real-life examples for spectral measurements are shown and the applicability of merging of the data is evaluated for these cases.
Synthesis of 2-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Schiff bases and their interactions with human serum albumin
Authors: Li Huiqing , Gao Qiang
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Human serum albumin (HSA) can bind and transport many substances to cells to meet various needs of the organism. The binding efficacy of HSA to these substances directly affects their functions. In this paper two Schiff base compounds were synthesized to explore the interaction between HSA and both compounds.

Methods

Fluorescence spectra and an AutoDock model were utilized to investigate the interaction mechanism and binding model between proteins and Schiff base products. The conformation change of HSA was detected by resonance light scattering and circular dichroism spectra.

Results

The two compounds bound easily with HSA, with binding constants of 104. The binding sites for both compounds in HSA were within an appropriate distance for long-range interactions. Both compounds are accommodated in hydrophobic domains of HSA. However, electrostatic interactions and other supermolecular forces coexist between the compounds and protein. Binding of these compounds disturbed the protein secondary structure and caused a certain degree of destabilization.

Conclusions

The two Schiff base compounds can interact with HSA with high efficacy, which is helpful for explore the application of this type of Schiff base in biomedical research.
Regioselective synthesis of salicylates and acetophenones by formal [3+3]-cyclocondensations of 3-oxoorthoesters with 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadienes
Authors: Gütlein Jörg-Peter , Lubbe Mathias , Feist Holger , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: December 2020

A variety of 4-methoxysalicylates and related polyketide-type phenols are regioselectively prepared by formal [3+3] cyclocondensations of 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadienes with 3-oxo-orthoesters. Cycloalkyl-substituted salicylates were prepared for the first time.
Prediction of compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of bentonitic mixtures
Authors: Rout Suryaleen , Singh Suresh Prasad
Published: December 2020

Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity are the key parameters to ensure the structural integrity of landfill liner. The compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of compacted pond ash–bentonite and sand–bentonite mixes were determined from conventional consolidation tests. The results showed that both the compression index and coefficient of volume change increase, whereas the coefficient of consolidation decreases with an increase of bentonite content in the mix. Empirical models are proposed to predict the compression index and hydraulic conductivity of bentonitic mixtures from the basic soil parameters (specific gravity, liquid limit, void ratio and shape parameter), which have been compared and validated with existing models and experimental data sets. The compressibility characteristics of sedimented slurry and compacted mixes do not follow similar trends; therefore, two distinct empirical models are proposed in this study. The observed compression index values of the compacted specimens fall in the range of ± 20% from the line of equality, whereas the deviation is within ± 15% for sedimented slurry. Similarly, the estimated hydraulic conductivity values fall within ± 20% of the values predicted by the proposed empirical equation. Thus, the proposed empirical models may be used to predict the compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonitic mixtures.
Safety factor for the Eurocode 2 punching resistance model
Authors: Halvonik Jaroslav , Majtánová Lucia , Minarova Maria
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with an evaluation of the generalised partial safety factor for resistance properties by using a statistical determination of a resistance model for predicting the punching capacity. The factor takes the material, model and geometric uncertainties into account. The Eurocode 2 design model for the assessment of the punching resistance without shear reinforcement was statistically analysed using an extensive database of experimental tests. The correction factor b of the model and the coefficient of variation of the model errors were evaluated according to Annex D of EN 1990. The statistical parameters of the basic variables in the resistance functions were assumed according to the recommendations of the Joint Committee on Structural Safety Probabilistic Model Code. The comparison of the safety factors obtained with the material safety factor currently used reveals that the current factor 1.50 underestimates the values obtained for the design model analysed.
A multi-country snapshot study of pain in people with haemophilia
Authors: Mulders Greta , Thykjaer Hanne , Khair Kate
Published: December 2020

Introduction

People with haemophilia (PwH) experience recurrent bleeds in weight-bearing joints. Optimal management for people with severe haemophilia involves prophylaxis with factor VIII or IX, which helps to reduce the risk of bleeds and joint damage. However, this is expensive and frequently not an option in economically developing countries, where on-demand treatment is more commonly used as bleeding occurs. PwH with moderate and mild haemophilia are also treated on demand. Pain from bleeds and arthropathy is common in PwH; it is recognised as a burden that impairs quality of life and can be challenging to manage.

Aims

This study aims to establish greater understanding of the experience of pain in PwH in different countries, the factors that influence this, and how pain is currently managed.

Methods

PwH attending haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) completed an anonymous questionnaire about their experience of pain and pain-relief within the previous 28 days (up to 10 PwH per participating HTC).

Results

209 PwH from 20 HTCs in 11 countries participated in the study. The median age was 36 (range 8–84); 181 (86.6%) had haemophilia A, 25 (12.0%) haemophilia B, and three (1.4%) did not know; 148 (70.8%) had severe haemophilia, 28 (13.4%) moderate, and 31 (14.8%) mild. Twenty-eight (13.4%) had an inhibitor. The majority (n=121; 57.9%) were on prophylaxis; 61 (29.2%) were treated on demand; 20 (9.6%) used a combination; 7 (3.3%) did not know. 154 PwH (73.9%) experienced a total of 1,945 days of pain with severity on a visual analogue scale reported as 4.5. The most commonly reported sites of pain were joints and muscles. There was no significant difference in pain incidence between countries. Children aged less than 16 years reported the lowest amount of pain, with reported pain increasing with age in older respondents. Simple analgesia such as paracetamol was used but participants reported that it did not relieve pain. Alternative pain-relief strategies including rest, physiotherapy, walking aids, alcohol or marijuana were also used with varying effect.

Conclusions

Pain is common among PwH and increases with age. Age and developmentally appropriate pain assessment should be a part of routine haemophilia care.
Obstetric and gynecological society in S.-PETERSBURG
Authors: Slavyanskiy K. F.
Published: December 2020

26 members were present: Bukhshtab, Vasten, Gorayskiy, Grinev, Danilovich, Dranitsyn, Zabolotskiy, Kakushkin, Lichkus, Matsevskiy, Ott, Piotrovich, Poropiv, Bachinskiy, Reynyf, Sadkovskiy, Strawis Stroganov, Chernyshev, Shchetkin, Schuttenbach and 25 guests.
Placenta praevia
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: December 2020

Addendum: the latest views on the therapy of placenta previa according to German and French sources: Dr. Karl Heil (Heidelberg) dr. Fth (Coblenz) and dr. Welti (from the Pinards Clinic in Paris).
Sclerosis of the uterine arteries and climacteric bleeding
Authors: Feinberg B.
Published: December 2020

Opinions differ about the pathological causes of menopausal bleeding; there are no exact data in the literature. In most cases, these bleeding is linked to endometrial inflammation. In many cases, such inflammation occurs, in no fewer cases, after curettage of the uterus, a healthy mucous membrane is obtained. With such a negative result, the cause of bleeding is sought in chronic metritis, especially when the uterus is slightly enlarged. For some cases this explanation is true, for others it is not. In the latter category of cases, there is often a disease of the vessels themselves, which prevents them from contracting. Such cases, taken from private practice and the Leopold's Clinic, are being discussed.
To the doctrine of gonorrhoid vaginitis
Authors: Weber F.
Published: December 2020

Earlier, thanks to the authority of Witt, it was assumed that gonococci can develop exclusively in the columnar epithelium, in women it means only on the mucous membrane of the urethra and cervix, while the vulva and vagina remain intact. If they found gonococks in the secret of the vagina, they explained this by the introduction of gonococks from above, from the cervix.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on post-operative outcome in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Tewari Shirish , Bondje Sophie , Gupta Vivek , Reay-Jones Nick
Published: December 2020

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy not only helps in downstaging the rectal cancer, it also reduces the rate of local recurrence but it has its own attendant risk factors. Our aim is to look into the implications of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer in our hospital.Methods: Retrospective data was collected from the infoflex system of database for the patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy between January 2016-December 2019 in our DGH. The data was analysed for demographics, type of surgery, histology, length of stay, complications and stoma reversal rates.Results: Total 27 patients with rectal cancer during the study period underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. 16 were male and 11 females. Age range was 33-82 year. 13 patients underwent APER, 8 Hartmann’s and 6 anterior resection with covering loop ileostomy. 5 patients initially required defunctioning sigmoid loop colostomy and one loop ileostomy prior to the start of neoadjuvant treatment. Histology showed 26 adenocarcinoma, and 1 squamous cell cancer. 3 patients had complete pathological response (cPR). Post-operative stay was from 5-32 days. 12 patients developed pelvic collection, 5 wound infection (4 perineal+1 abdominal), 5 had paralytic ileus, 1 patient had PR bleed, 2 anastomotic leak and 2 patients had chest related complications. Only 4 out of 6 loop ileostomies were reversed.  Conclusions: Neoadjuvant treatment benefits come with its attendant complications. The tissue response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and advanced tumor stage may contribute for the increased morbidity. Hopefully in future with the advent of new armamentarium, the degree of morbidity may come down.
Acetazolamide assisted rapid resolution of optic disc pit maculopathy in a 15 year old child
Authors: Mehta Ruchir Amit , Mehta Neha Raka , Mehta Samip , Mehta Amit
Published: December 2020

A 15 years old girl presented to us with diminution of vision within 4 days of onset. The child underwent relevant investigations and a diagnosis of optic disc pit maculopathy (OPD-M) was made. The parents refused surgical intervention and so we started the child on oral acetazolamide. She was kept under repeated and close follow-ups. We noticed rapid resolution of optic disc pit maculopathy within 2 months of presentation with complete visual recovery. Oral acetazolamide was tapered during the course of 2 months. We conclude that although numerous treatment modalities have been described for optic disc pit maculopathy, a trial of oral acetazolamide can be offered in cases of optic disc pit maculopathy in paediatric patients.
Post-truth and Islamophobia narration in the contemporary Indonesian political constellation
Authors: Syarif Zainuddin , A. Mughni Syafiq , Hannan Abd
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the phenomenon of post-truth politics, role, and its influence on the return of Islamophobic narratives in the dynamics of Indonesian political constellation. There are three main issues discussed in this study: post-truth, Islamophobia in Indonesia, and contemporary Indonesian political constellation. Using qualitative research and analysis of critical theory perspectives, this study found that the development of post-truth political practices indirectly evokes the narrative of Islamophobia in contemporary Indonesian political constellation. The return of the Islamophobia can be seen in three ways. First, the practice of post-truth politics which is rooted in the politicization of religion and ethnicity, it gives negative impact not only because of unhealthy process of leadership circulation in Indonesia, but has also faltered the reality of Indonesia's plurality as a pluralist state, both in terms of ethnicity and religion. Second, post-truth political practices in which contain propaganda, intimidation, lies and hate speech have stimulated the rise of sentiment towards religious social groups, as happened in the “212 Movement”. Third, the return of Islamophobic narratives due to political Post-truth appears to be increasing clashes and practices of religious intolerance in Indonesia, where intolerance is practiced by the majority against minority groups. Artikel ini mengkaji fenomena politik post-truth, peran dan pengaruhnya terhadap kembalinya narasi Islamophobia dalam dinamika konstelasi politik Indonesia kontemporer. Terdapat tiga permasalahan pokok yang dibahas dalam kajian ini: post-truth, Islamophobia, dan konstelasi politik Indonesia kontemporer. Dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan analisis perspektif teori kritis, studi ini mendapati temuan bahwa berkembangnya praktik politik post-truth, secara tidak langsung telah membangkitkan kembali narasi Islamophobia dalam konstelasi politik Indonesia kontemporer. Kembalinya narasi Islamophobia tersebut terlihat dalam tiga hal. Pertama, praktik politik post-truth yang berakar pada politisasi agama dan etnisitas, telah menimbulkan dampak negatif bukan saja pada tidak sehatnya proses sirkulasi kepemimpinan di Indonesia, namun juga telah membuat goyah realitas kemajemukan Indonesia sebagai negara pluralis, baik dari segi etnisitas maupun agama. Kedua, praktik politik post-truth yang di dalamnya berisikan propaganda, intimidasi, dan kebohongan, telah menstimulus bangkitnya sentimen terhadap kelompok-kelompok sosial keagamaan, seperti yang terjadi dalam gerakan Aksi Bela Islam 212. Ketiga, kembalinya narasi Islamophobia akibat politik post-truth nampak pada semakin meningkatnya benturan dan praktik intoleransi keagamaan di Indonesia, di mana intoleransi dilakukan oleh kelompok mayoritas terhadap kelompok minoritas.
Analysis on the Cause and Countermeasure of Cold Chain Logistics of Fresh Agricultural Products
Authors: Zhang Yupei
Published: December 2020

During the continuous development of e-commerce, we analyze the fresh food e-commerce market and the reported data in recent years, and explore the selection of fresh agricultural products in the cold chain, transportation and distribution, storage and sales. Meanwhile, countermeasures have been made to solve the problem of cold chain disconnection of fresh agricultural products through supply services, infrastructure construction and information management. Ensuring the continuous chain of the cold chain process needs to rely on the collaboration of consumers, businesses, cold chain logistics and other parties, and the cold chain logistics of fresh agricultural products e-commerce requires more in-depth research to maintain no “broken chain”.
Immanent Power and Empirical Religiosity: Conversion of the Daimyo of Kyushu, 1560–1580
Authors: Strathern Alan
Published: December 2020

The baptisms of the lords of the Ōmura, Arima, and Ōtomo families formed the breakthrough for Christianity in Kyushu. These conversions are analyzed here in light of the relevance of “empirical religiosity,” the tendency to alter religious commitments and ritual practices according to their perceived efficacy in bringing about this-worldly outcomes. This article arises out of a larger project of comparative global history, which establishes a threefold model of ruler conversions. The revelation of immanent power forms the second element of this model. Close analysis of the sources reveals that in sixteenth-century Japan, just as elsewhere, the daimyo in question were driven to experiment with and then commit to the new cult due to its capacity to bestow military success, healing, exorcism, and fertility. In particular, this is shown through a detailed account of the changing religious affiliations of Ōtomo Sōrin, and his son Yoshimune. However, since the bulk of the sources relating to these conversions are European, this article also considers whether these themes are simply missionary projections. After consulting Japanese sources, this article concludes that both pro- and anti-Christian parties framed their arguments in terms of a shared empiricist epistemology.
Preparation, characterization and application of fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion for the conservation of stone building heritages in Putuo Zongcheng Temple, China
Authors: Chang Jiangfang , Niu Qinghe , Wang Wei
Published: December 2020

Recently, the stone building heritages in Putuo Zongcheng Temple are experiencing a certain degree of weathering damage, which mainly manifests in the blistering, fissuring, flaking and detachment of the carved balustrades of stone bridge, the footings of wall, the front paws and pedestals of stone lions. To prevent the deterioration of the stone building heritages, the fluorinated acrylate copolymer emulsion was successfully prepared with ethyl metrhacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate as monomers. The structure and surface morphology characteristics of this copolymer were described the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The FTIR spectra confirms that the adopted monomers have been involved in during the copolymer polymerization process. The SEM images reveal that the surface of the prepared copolymer is obviously more dense, compact and smooth than the porous structure of stone building heritages. The ageing resistance of the copolymer was quantitatively studied by the ultraviolet aging test, the contact angle and imbibition spontaneous tests were adopted to estimate the wettability alteration of the copolymer emulsion for the stone samples. Results show that the mass loss rate of the prepared copolymer increases rapidly and then tends to be stable when irradiated by ultraviolet light. And the fluorinated copolymer with 16.65% HFMA content possesses the optimal ageing resistance and the superb hydrophobicity. The contact angles of the coated stone samples range from 91.90o to 119.80o, which are all larger than 18.80o-69.05o of the un-coated samples. Similarly, the spontaneous imbibition test also ensures that, both the maximum water absorption capacity and the imbibition equilibrium time of the samples treated by this copolymer emulsion are lesser. Considering the influence of water on rock weathering, the fluorinated copolymer emulsion coating is an potential method to avoid the degrading of stone building heritages, because it depresses the infiltration of water and then avoids or weakens the dissolution effect, salt crystallization, water absorption swelling and freeze-thaw weathering.
Reducing Sexual Communication Anxiety of Women Upon Marriage: A Randomized Quasi-experimental Study from Iran
Authors: Hemati Laya , Shayan Arezoo , Kazemi Farideh , Soltani Farzaneh
Published: December 2020

Background:

Lack of sexual knowledge or incorrect sexual information can lead to anxiety and fear of sexual
communication and subsequent sexual dysfunction in marrying women.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of sexual cognition counseling on the sexual
communication anxiety of women upon marriage.

Methods:

In this randomized quasi-experimental study 124 women upon marriage with poor sexual knowledge and
attitudes, were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control group (62 in each group), using four
randomized blocking. Data collected by Sexual Knowledge and Attitude (SKAS) and Sexual Communication Anxiety
questionnaires. In the experimental group, five counseling sessions were held with the aim of promoting women sexual
knowledge and attitude. Control group women did not receive any intervention.

Results:

The mean scores of sexual knowledge and sexual attitude of women in the experimental group were significantly
increased from 30.02 ± 9.09 and 32.34 ± 6.09 to 34.35 ± 10.23 and 34.53 ± 6.92 after intervention respectively (p <0.05).
The mean scores of sexual communication anxiety in the intervention group showed a significant decrease from 42.23 ±
10.63 to 40.47 ± 10.94 after the intervention (p <0.05).

Conclusions:

This study showed that an increase in knowledge and improvement of sexual attitude
can reduce the sexual communication anxiety of women upon marriage. Designing and implementing
effective interventions with the purpose of promoting sexual knowledge in women and amending
the false attitudes and beliefs may take some effective steps to protect and promote sexual
health in women, then the couples.
Sociedade Amigos dos Municípios
Authors: Corrêa de Avellar Sylvio
Published: December 2020

A medida que cresce, entre nós, o movimento de recuperação e revitalização dos municípios, começam a surgir como é natural novas entidades com o objetivo de manter contacto assíduo com o Govêrno e a Administração municipal, prestando-lhes informações e ministrando-lhes assistência técnica e administrativa.

Assim é que, ao ensejo do II Congresso Nacional de Municípios levado a efeito em São Vicente, São Paulo, foi apoiada, por prefeitos, vereadores e estudiosos em geral, a iniciativa de fundação do Instituto Brasileiro de Administração Municipal, o qual, de conformidade com os Estatutos da Associação Brasileira de Municípios, é seu órgão executor.
Sodium fluoracetate's poisoning: A case report
Authors: Ávila Reyes Diana , Galvis Mejía Juan Camilo , Gómez González Jose Fernando , Aguirre Flórez Mateo
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Sodium fluoroacetate, known as compound 1080, was discovered in Germany during the Second World War. It is usually used as a rodenticide, it is an odorless and tasteless substance, with a lethal dose in humans of 2 mg / kg that is why it was withdrawn from the market in some countries, including Colombia; however, it is obtained illegally. This substance has biochemical and physiological effects at the cellular level that alter the transport of citrate at the mitochondrial level, generating accumulation of lactic acid and alteration of the glucose use. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific since there is no any cardinal symptom. Therefore, its diagnosis is made due to high clinical suspicion associated with establishment of exposure to the compound in view of the difficulty to obtain paraclinical confirmation in a timely manner.

Methods: We present a case report of intentional ingestion of sodium fluoroacetate in an adolescent that is associated with an infection added to the bloodstream by methicillin- sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). The patient developed multiple complications that lead to support in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with a satisfactory outcome. In view of the lack of a specific antidote, she was treated with ethanol in order to increase the level of acetate; thus, offering an alternative substrate to the Krebs cycle. It is suggested that the ethanol offers benefits in the acute treatment of these patients.

Results: The patient with sodium fluoroacetate poisoning and kidney failure received renal replacement therapy with a favorable evolution and survival at discharge from the intensive care unit of a third-level hospital in the city of Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.

Conclusions: Sodium fluoroacetate poisoning is relatively rare and can cause acute kidney injury and multi-organ failure with a high rate of complications and death. A case of self-inflicted poisoning that received a timely manner continuous renal replacement therapy with a favorable outcome in terms of ICU survival was presented.
Lecturas
Authors: Equipo Editorial
Published: December 2020

Lecturas.
Modeling in Water Resources Management in East Nile Delta: Review
Authors: Abdelwahab Heba F. , Ramadan Elsayed M. , Negm Abdelazim M.
Published: December 2020

It is acknowledged that providing a safe water supply for all countries is one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. Egypt is one of the greatest countries affected in Africa and Middle East. The Nile is facing a major water shortage due to the limited water resources and the the demand is growing as a result high population growth and development in industrial and agricultural sectors. This paper has been motivated by the fact that there is no up-to-date literature review of the optimal operation of Water Resources. The analysis of the reviewed literature is structured along five broad branches: (1) Mathematical Optimization Modelling Studies, (2) Numerical Simulation Modelling Studies, (3) Geographical Information Systems “GIS” based Studies, (4) Ecological Studies, (5) Water Reuse Studies. This review is limited to surface water but groundwater has been inexplicitly included. The paper concludes the best way to identify knowledge to cover the gap between water supply and demands and to guide future researches on water resources planning and management.
The Audio Auditor: User-Level Membership Inference in Internet of Things Voice Services
Authors: Miao Yuantian , Xue Minhui , Chen Chao , Pan Lei , Zhang Jun , Zhao Benjamin Zi Hao , Kaafar Dali , Xiang Yang
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of deep learning techniques, the popularity of voice services implemented on various Internet of Things (IoT) devices is ever increasing. In this paper, we examine user-level membership inference in the problem space of voice services, by designing an audio auditor to verify whether a specific user had unwillingly contributed audio used to train an automatic speech recognition (ASR) model under strict black-box access. With user representation of the input audio data and their corresponding translated text, our trained auditor is effective in user-level audit. We also observe that the auditor trained on specific data can be generalized well regardless of the ASR model architecture. We validate the auditor on ASR models trained with LSTM, RNNs, and GRU algorithms on two state-of-the-art pipelines, the hybrid ASR system and the end-to-end ASR system. Finally, we conduct a real-world trial of our auditor on iPhone Siri, achieving an overall accuracy exceeding 80%. We hope the methodology developed in this paper and findings can inform privacy advocates to overhaul IoT privacy.