bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Fahmi Agus
Published: September 2021

There were 241 cases of violence against children recorded until November 10th 2020. The Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection of NTB Province carries out its obligations to protect and fulfill children's rights by trying to protect, save, and provide protection to children from discrimination, violence, and ensuring their right to grow and develop. The government then initiates and runs the Child Friendly School Program. Facts in the field based on initial observations, at State Elementary School 8 Sokong has implemented a child-friendly school program which is becoming an example for other schools. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the planning for the implementation of the child-friendly school program, (2) to describe the implementation of the Child Friendly School Program, (3) To describe the results of the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the Child Friendly School Program at State Elementary School 8 Sokong.This study is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection used are observation, interview, and documentation. The data obtained validated using source triangulation. The data then analyzed since the data collected, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the research show that (1) The Child Friendly School Program planning has fulfilled the program SOP, namely by forming a development team who construct program activity plan. (2) The program implementation has met the program indicators by being implemented without violence and discrimination against child. (3) Monitoring is carried out by providing previously prepared questionnaires to be filled out by school principals and representatives of educators and education staff, then monitored by relevant agencies and institutions. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the program implemented at State Elementary School 8 Sokong was evaluated in its entirety along with other programs.Keywords: Child-friendly School, Learning.
HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN HEALTHY 18-27 YEARS-OLD WOMEN AND MEN IN THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS OKRUG - UGRA
Authors: Eremeev S. I. , Eremeeva O. V. , Kormilets V. S. , Kormilets A. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Aim: To verify reference values of the heart rate variability (HRV) parameters among healthy 18-27-year olds in the Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug - Ugra, Eastern Siberia. Methods: Data were collected in series of observational analytical cross-sectional studies between 2006 and 2020. The sample consisted of 13269 subjects - 7442 women and 5827 men aged 18 to 27 years permanently living in Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug. We studied parameters of background HRV on short-term recordings in the time and frequency domains, Poincare graph and cardiointervalography by R. M. Baevsky. For all HRV parameterswe assessed minimal and maximal values as well as the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile. Gender differences in all studied variables were studied using Mann-Whitney tests after normality testing using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests with Lilliefors correction. Results: We observed significant differences between central tendencies of all studied HRV parameters between women and men (p < 0.01) with the exception of the relative power of the spectrum in the very low frequency range - an indicator of the adequacy of the regulation processes and the vegetative rhythm indicator. Conclusions: The reference values of the HRV parameters for young adults living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Ugrawere verified. Significant gender differences in all the studied HRV parameters were observed except one, which is considered to be an indicator of the adequacy of the regulation processes and the vegetative rhythm indicator. We also discuss applying centile values of the relative spectral power of HRV to identify categories of heart rate modulation.
Analysis of aflatoxins and ergot alkaloids in feeds for adult equine
Authors: Bacelar Rafael Gomes Abreu , Rocha Márcio dos Santos , Sousa Junior João Farias , Ianiceli Juliana Alexandre , Moura Camila Maria Coutinho , Rodrigues Aline Maria Dourado , Costa Luciana Muratori , Muratori Maria Christina Sanches
Published: September 2021

Mycotoxins are products resulting from fungi metabolism normally present in the environment and which can develop in food. The aim of this study was the fungi quantification, aflatoxin detection and investigation of ergot alkaloids occurrence in pelleted feed for adult equines during storage. The feed samples were collected from three rural properties with equideoculture activity in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The results showed that was no significant difference (p<0.05) for the counting of colony-forming units (CFU/g) of filamentous fungi and yeasts in the samples. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were found in acceptable amounts and the other fungal metabolites: ergometrine, griseofulvin, festuclavin, ergine and lysergol. Concluding, the results of this study demonstrate that amount of filamentous fungi and the water activity present in the original package remain constant after six days of storage. Four types of aflatoxins were found: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and the Ergot alkaloids: ergine, ergometrine, festuclavine, griseofulvin and lisergol in amounts within acceptable limits. These groups of toxic compounds produced by fungi can be present in equine feed and may lead to a risk to their health.
Cellular oxidative stress stimulated by microcystin: review
Authors: Oliveira Iara Bezerra de , Silva Hanndson Araújo
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cyanobacteria are organisms capable of producing a high number of bioactive molecules, known as cyanotoxins. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins stand out, compounds with hepatotoxic potential. Studies claim that the most common and most toxic isoform among microcystins is microcystin-LR. One of the most frequently detected properties of microcystins is their ability to generate cellular oxidative stress. Thus, the present study is a bibliographic research about the biochemical mechanism of free radical generation caused by Microcystin LR. Methodology: for the preparation of this review, a survey was carried out in the national and international literature. The inclusion criteria for the construction of this work were original and review articles that addressed the ability of microcystin LR to generate oxidative damage. Results: Once they enter the body, microcystins accumulate in the liver, so that toxicity is associated with specific inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A), leading to disruption of cell integrity. Studies prove that MCs produce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo and that they can act as tumor promoters. Conclusion: there is a possible relationship between cellular oxidative stress caused by microcystin. Thus, cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the health of several animals, including man, however, further studies on the topic addressed are needed.
Assistência multidisciplinar na prevenção de infecção do trato urinário associada à cateter vesical de demora em UTI: scoping review
Authors: Santos Junior Paulo Sérgio , Santos Cibelle Ferreira Hilário dos , Borges Junior Adenilson Crisostomo , Nascimento Júlio César Coelho do
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: mapear a produção cientifica acerca da atuação multidisciplinar no controle de infecção do trato urinário associada a cateter vesical de demora  (ITU-AC) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Método: Trata-se de uma Scoping Review elaborado conforme recomendação do instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) e de acordo como quadro teórico recomendado por Arkseye O’Malley. A questão que norteou a pesquisa foi baseada na estratégia PCC (População, Conceito e Contexto). Sendo P: Estudos com pacientes submetidos ao cateter vesical de demora em UTI. C: Intervenções relacioandas a redução da ITU-AC. C: UTI. Foram consultadas as bases de dados: Embase®, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Para manter a coerência na busca dos artigos, os descritores e as palavras-chaves foram utilizados isoladamente e associados, de acordo com as características específicas de cada uma das bases de dados consultadas. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2021 sem restrição de idiomas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 157 artigos nas buscas nas bases de dados, no entanto, apenas 19 responderam a pergunta de pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que a equipe multiprofissional deve implementar estratégias de controle das IRAS, pois significativamente reduzem a taxa de ITU-AC, realizar programas de treinamentos profissional, envolver os profissionais de saúde na unidade, as rodadas da equipe interdisciplinar têm impacto diretamente na redução dos dias de uso do Cateter Vesical de Demora (CVD). Conclusão: A equipe multidisciplinar necessita adotar atitudes como a capacitação dos profissionais, ultilizar da técnica correta de inserção do CVD e a sua manutenção, incentivar a importância da lavagem das mãos, revezamento nos atendimentos das equipes multiprofissionais, pois estão ligadas diretamente aos riscos e benefícios do procedimento de CVD direcionando assim a individualização dos cuidados multidisciplinares.
Assistência de enfermagem ao paciente em hemodiálise: investigação completiva
Authors: Andrade Ana Fátima Souza Melo de , Teles Weber de Santana , Silva Max Cruz da , Torres Ruth Cristini , Azevedo Marcel Vinícius Cunha , Debbo Alejandra , Silva Maria Hozana Santos , Barros Ângela Maria Melo Sá , Santos Junior Paulo Celso Curvelo , Calasans Taíssa Alice Soledade
Published: September 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar aspectos que influenciam na vida do paciente hemodialítico, evidenciar o papel do enfermeiro frente à assistência prestada ao paciente em tratamento de hemodiálise e, por fim, elencar as complicações recorrentes aos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise.Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura, no qual os critérios de inclusão traçados foram artigos originais e nacionais com até cinco anos de publicação. Foram realizadas buscas de publicações nas seguintes bases de dados: Banco de Dados em Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library Online. Foram identificados 287 artigos entre as bases de dados utilizadas e selecionados 20. O maior número de artigos foi encontrado no ano de 2016. A região com maior número de estudos utilizados foi a Centro Oeste com 50% das publicações destacando os estudos nos estados de Mato Grosso e Distrito Federal. Evidencia-se que vários estados brasileiros sofrem com a doença renal crônica, tornando-se um problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo. Entretanto, muitos indivíduos desconhecem a doença dificultando o diagnóstico, fazendo-se necessário um rastreamento cauteloso para pessoas que apresentam um ou vários fatores de risco para a DRC.
Fake News – o caso do cozimento micro-ondas
Authors: Zanatta Shalimar Calegari , Santos Hudson Dourado dos , Carvalho Hercília Alves de Pereira , Zanatta Alisson Calegari
Published: September 2021

As informações veiculadas livremente pelas mídias sociais não apresentam compromisso com a ética, a moral ou com quaisquer princípios teóricos ou científicos. Estas informações podem se tornar um problema social grave quando utilizam conteúdos falsos para manipular a opinião pública. Se considerarmos que a democracia e a liberdade se constroem com indivíduos que fazem escolhas conscientes, as fake News, como ficaram conhecidas, devem ser combatidas. Neste contexto, este artigo apresenta e discute, á luz do conhecimento científico, as principais informações veiculadas, sobre o cozimento micro-ondas entre agosto de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021 pelas mídias sociais como proposta de combate às fakes News. Os resultados mostram que classificar uma notícia como falsa ou verdadeira não é uma tarefa simples. Isto porque as notícias fakes, tentam sensibilizar o leitor e reforçam ideias do senso comum.  Assim, defendemos a alfabetização científica, como resultado de um processo ensino aprendizagem eficiente, como possível caminho para o combate às fake News.
Bactérias ácido lácticas suas características e importância: revisão
Authors: Freire Thayná Thamires , Silva Anna Lívia Tolentino e , Ferreira Bruna Karoline Oliveira , Santos Thiago Moreira dos
Published: September 2021

As bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL) são um grupo de micro-organismos que podem estar presentes em diversos meios ricos em nutrientes, representadas por cerca de 530 espécies e subespécies. Apresentam-se na forma de cocos ou bastonetes, são gram positivos, catalase negativa, não esporuladas e geralmente sem motilidade. Sua classificação em diferentes grupos se dá pela morfologia e fisiologia no uso de nutrientes, pressão osmótica e condições atmosféricas para seu crescimento. Sua identificação pode ser feita através de testes bioquímicos clássicos e métodos moleculares, mais atuais, eficientes e aceitos pela comunidade científica. As BAL podem ainda serem utilizadas como probióticos ao serem adicionadas aos alimentos para conferir benefícios a saúde dos consumidores. Elas conferem vantagens para a extensão da vida útil do alimento, através da diminuição do pH, ou ainda, pela produção de peptídeos antagonistas contra outras bactérias. Modificam as propriedades sensoriais dos produtos, interferindo na intensidade do sabor e aroma dos alimentos fermentados. Nos animais de produção, as BAL além dos seus efeitos probióticos, exercem ação também sobre os índices zootécnicos, melhorando a sanidade e segurança alimentar aos produtos de origem animal. O objetivo do artigo é expor as características e a importância dessas bactérias e para isso foram reunidas cerca de 119 referências bibliográficas como fontes de pesquisa e aprendizado para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Com isso, foi concluído que as BAL são de grande importância para a indústria, conferindo características sensoriais aos produtos, além de possuírem um papel importante para os animais, melhorando a sanidade e produção e, participação em saúde pública, através de seus efeitos probióticos.
Relação entre aleitamento e desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático: revisão sistemática
Authors: Bernardo Graziela Mackowiesky Brigido , Gonçalves Laura Faustino , Haas Patrícia , Blanco-Dutra Ana Paula
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A amamentação promove benefícios, tanto para o recém nascido, quanto para a mãe. Apesar da importância do aleitamento materno, há dificuldades peculiares para a mãe e o bebê no período de internação, podendo levar ao desmame precoce. Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre aleitamento e os reflexos na motricidade orofacial. Metodologia: A busca por artigos científicos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE e BIREME, sem restrição de idioma e localização, durante o período de 2010 a 2021. Para complementar e evitar viés de risco foi realizada uma busca por literatura cinza no Google Scholar. A revisão sistemática foi conduzida conforme as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram inclusos na pesquisa estudos que obtiveram pontuação ≥ a 12 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa proposto por Pithon et al. (2015).   Resultados: A duração do aleitamento materno associou-se positivamente à qualidade da função mastigatória. Os estudos mostraram que a amamentação tem um impacto positivo na função mastigatória e de sucção. Conclusão: Ao relacionar os achados desta pesquisa com o desmame precoce e seus reflexos no sistema estomatognático evidencia-se que o aleitamento materno natural oferece ao bebê um adequado desenvolvimento ósseo e muscular, garantindo, assim, o perfeito funcionamento das estruturas orais e possibilitando saúde geral devido às interrelações existentes entre o sistema estomatognático e os demais órgãos e funções.
Mucosite oral em crianças com câncer: dificuldades de avaliação e de terapia efetiva
Authors: Muniz Ana Bessa , Holanda Maria Aparecida Rodrigues de , Abreu Kleyton Nolasco de , Macedo Samuel Barbosa , Bessa Ellen Roberta Lima , Leite Lady Daiane Pereira , Vegian Mariana Raquel da Cruz , Cavalcante Rivaldave Rodrigues de Holanda , Rodrigues Rodrigo Asfury
Published: September 2021

O câncer é um problema de saúde pública no mundo e, em crianças, a incidência de aumento é de cerca de 1% ao ano. Apesar da eficácia, a terapia antineoplásica provoca efeitos de significativa toxicidade, muitas vezes causando a hospitalização do paciente, dificuldades de continuação da oncoterapia ou não readequação do tratamento para a não progressão da doença. A mucosite oral é um dos efeitos deletérios mais comuns; causa dor, afeta a fala e a nutrição e torna o paciente suscetível à septicemia. Em crianças, a frequência da mucosite oral situa-se em torno de 65%. Suas manifestações são avaliadas por meio de escalas diferentes e tratadas com protocolos distintos. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, em uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o estado da arte da avaliação da mucosite oral em crianças sob tratamento oncológico. Estudos mostraram que a avaliação é fundamental para estabelecer as estratégias de tratamento, que protocolos e escalas utilizadas são inconsistentes e que inexiste um sistema viável e válido para pontuar a mucosite infantil causada por câncer, impedindo uma intervenção terapêutica mais efetiva. Concluiu-se que a Children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale vem sendo a escala de maior aceitabilidade e validade por seu critérios.
Optimization of cone beam computed tomography for the assessment of alterations of the maxillary sinuses
Authors: Anrain Bárbara Cristina , Franco Ademir , Brasil Danieli Moura , Junqueira José Luiz Cintra , Oliveira Luciana Butini de , Oenning Anne Caroline Costa
Published: September 2021

Objective: To test the standard protocols of a CBCT unit in order to find lower-dose alternatives with diagnostically acceptable image quality for the maxillary sinuses visualization.  Study design: An observational study was performed. Two dry skulls were used to simulate four conditions of the maxillary sinuses: normality, mucous retention pseudocyst, membrane thickening and bone graft. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained with an i-CAT classic unit using different acquisition protocols and a box of polystyrene to simulate soft tissue attenuation. All the protocols were established by the manufacturer, combining different energy parameters, fields of view and voxel sizes. Multiplanar reconstructions were presented to three Oral Radiologists through blind and randomized distribution. The specialists judged general image quality, sharpness, contrast, and the presence of noise and artifacts based on a 4-points scale. Results: Protocols with higher energy parameters had significant association with higher scores for general quality, sharpness and contrast (p<0.05). Protocols with intermediate level of radiation dose had also significant association with good and excellent image quality; for the presence of noise and artifacts the images were rated acceptable. Conclusion: i-CAT default protocols with lower dose of radiation were able to deliver acceptable image quality for the visualization of the maxillary sinuses.
A Bayesian Approach on Investigating Helicopter Emergency Medical Fatal Accidents
Authors: Simonson Richard J. , Keebler Joseph R. , Chaparro Alex
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION: Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) is a mode of transportation designed to expedite the transport of a patient. Compared to other modes of emergency transport and other areas of aviation, historically HEMS has had the highest accident-related fatality rates.
Analysis of these accident data has revealed factors associated with an increased likelihood of accident-based fatalities. Here we report the results of an analysis on the likelihood of a fatality based on various factors as a result of a HEMS accident, employing a Bayesian framework.METHODS:
A retrospective study was conducted using data extracted from the NTSB aviation accident database from April 31, 2005, to April 26, 2018. Evidence from Baker et al. (2006) was also used as prior information spanning from January 1, 1983, to April 30, 2005.RESULTS: A Bayesian logistic
regression was implemented using the prior information and current data to calculate a posterior distribution confidence interval of possible values in predicting accident fatality. The results of the model indicate that flying at night (OR 3.06; 95 C.I 2.14, 4.48; PoD 100), flying under Instrument
Flight Rules (OR 7.54; 95 C.I 3.94, 14.44; PoD 100), and post-crash fires (OR 18.73; 95 C.I 10.07, 34.12; PoD 100) significantly contributed to the higher likelihood of a fatality.CONCLUSION: Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the most influential factors associated
with an increased likelihood of a fatal accident occurring. We found that over the past 35 yr these factors were consistently associated with a higher likelihood of a fatality occurring.Simonson RJ, Keebler JR, Chaparro A. A Bayesian approach on investigating helicopter emergency
medical fatal accidents. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):563569.
A method for constructing an optimal control strategy in a linear terminal problem
Authors: Kastsiukevich Dzmitry A. , Dmitruk Natalia M.
Published: September 2021

This paper deals with an optimal control problem for a linear discrete system subject to unknown bounded disturbances, where the control goal is to steer the system with guarantees into a given terminal set while minimising the terminal cost function. We define an optimal control strategy which takes into account the state of the system at one future time instant and propose an efficient numerical method for its construction. The results of numerical experiments show an improvement in performance under the optimal control strategy in comparison to the optimal open-loop worst-case control while maintaining comparable computation times.
Using Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) to Teach Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Jacobs Alan , Kapiszewski Diana , Karcher Sebastian
Published: September 2021

In political science, qualitative analytic methods are rarely taught using “active learning” strategies. We discuss a novel approach to teaching such methods: having students engage with scholarship that has been annotated using Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI). ATI allows authors to annotate passages in a digital publication to clarify methodology, add detail about evidence or analysis, or link to data sources. Learning methods through engagement with annotated articles allows students to interact with original data and to better understand and evaluate how authors collected, analyzed, and used those data. This leads students to learn research methods in a way that more closely approximates how they will use those methods in their own research. We present a general description of strategies for teaching with ATI. We illustrate the approach using three examples of instructors teaching both undergraduate and graduate students. We conclude with recommendations for effectively using ATI in the classroom.
Toward a critical pedagogy of crisis
Authors: Eschenbacher Saskia , Fleming Ted
Published: September 2021

Crises in our society – climate, covid-19 and mass migration – seem to define not only the experience of learning but also the experience of living and even surviving that in turn have implications for adult learning. We explore the concept of experience and examine whether it plays a role in addressing the need for transformative learning. Our allies in this task are Oskar Negt from the Frankfurt School tradition, L. A. Paul from a philosophical tradition and René Arcilla. Negt is useful for rethinking the role of experience in pedagogy. Paul helps identify the not-knowing aspect of our current experience and our inability to imagine how decisions translate into one’s way of living and being in the world. Arcilla emphasises the importance of keeping conversations going. Jack Mezirow’s transformation theory (relying on Habermas) informs the understanding of adult learning and how we can transform our way of being and living while facing experiences of crises and disorientation.
Smart Nanomaterials for Treatment of Biofilm in Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Hong Qimin , Huo Shicheng , Tang Haozheng , Qu Xinhua , Yue Bing
Published: September 2021

Biofilms refer to complex bacterial communities that are attached to the surface of animate or inanimate objects, which highly resist the antibiotics or the host immune defense mechanisms. Pathogenic biofilms in medicine are general, chronic, and even costly, especially on medical devices and orthopedic implants. Bacteria within biofilms are the cause of many persistent infections, which are almost impossible to eradicate. Though some progress has been made in comprehending the mechanisms of biofilm formation and persistence, novel alternative compounds or strategies and effective anti-biofilm antibiotics are still lacking. Smart materials of nano size which are able to respond to an external stimulus or internal environment have a great range of applications in clinic. Recently, smart nanomaterials with or without carriage of antibiotics, targeting specific bacteria and biofilm under some stimuli, have shown great potential for pathogenic biofilm and resident bacteria eradication. First, this review briefly summarizes and describes the significance of biofilms and the process of biofilm formation. Then, we focus on some of the latest research studies involving biofilm elimination, which probably could be applied in orthopedic implants. Finally, some outstanding challenges and limitations that need to be settled urgently in order to make smart nanomaterials effectively target and treat implant biofilms are also discussed. It is hoped that there will be more novel anti-biofilm strategies for biofilm infection in the prospective future.
The Fabrication of a Gellan Gum-Based Hydrogel Loaded With Magnesium Ions for the Synergistic Promotion of Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Li Wenqiang , Jian Xingling , Zou Yanfen , Wu Lin , Huang Haiyan , Li Hui , Hu Dandan , Yu Bo
Published: September 2021

To accelerate serious skin burn wound healing in a convenient manner, an interpenetrating network of hydrogel consisting of gellan gum and polyacrylamide was synthesized by chemical crosslinking and Mg2+ ion immersion techniques. The prepared Mg2+@PAM/GG hydrogel was characterized by morphology, water vapor loss, swelling ratio, rheological properties, tensile mechanical, biocompatibility, and flow cytometry study. The results show that Mg2+@PAM/GG hydrogel’s mechanical strength could be enhanced by the dual network structure and physical crosslinking agent Mg2+ ions. In addition, the tension strength of Mg2+@PAM/GG hydrogel is obviously increased from 86 to 392 kPa, the elongation at break increased from 84 to 231%, and crosslinking density N increased from 4.3 to 7.2 mol/m3 compared with pure GG hydrogel. The cumulative release curve of Mg2+ ions shows that the multiple release mechanism of Mg2+ ions belong to non-Fick’s diffusion. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments show that Mg2+@PAM/GG double network hydrogel has favorable proliferation and an NF-κB pathway inhibition property for fibroblast cells. Finally, the healing effect of the Mg2+@PAM/GG was evaluated in a rat full-thickness burn model. The animal study demonstrates that Mg2+@PAM/GG could accelerate the healing efficiency in case of the sustained-released Mg2+ ions in wound beds. Considering this excellent performance, this convenient prepared hydrogel has great potential as a commercial application for skin full-thickness burn healing materials.
Topological Optimization of Auxetic Coronary Stents Considering Hemodynamics
Authors: Xue Huipeng , Saha Suvash C. , Beier Susann , Jepson Nigel , Luo Zhen
Published: September 2021

This paper is to design a new type of auxetic metamaterial-inspired structural architectures to innovate coronary stents under hemodynamics via a topological optimization method. The new architectures will low the occurrence of stent thrombosis (ST) and in-stent restenosis (ISR) associated with the mechanical factors and the adverse hemodynamics. A multiscale level-set approach with the numerical homogenization method and computational fluid dynamics is applied to implement auxetic microarchitectures and stenting structure. A homogenized effective modified fluid permeability (MFP) is proposed to efficiently connect design variables with motions of blood flow around the stent, and a Darcy-Stokes system is used to describe the coupling behavior of the stent structure and fluid. The optimization is formulated to include three objectives from different scales: MFP and auxetic property in the microscale and stenting stiffness in the macroscale. The design is numerically validated in the commercial software MATLAB and ANSYS, respectively. The simulation results show that the new design can not only supply desired auxetic behavior to benefit the deliverability and reduce incidence of the mechanical failure but also improve wall shear stress distribution to low the induced adverse hemodynamic changes. Hence, the proposed stenting architectures can help improve safety in stent implantation, to facilitate design of new generation of stents.
Determination of an Initial Stage of the Bone Tissue Ingrowth Into Titanium Matrix by Cell Adhesion Model
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Tamaddon Maryam , Chen Shen-Mao , Wang Haoyu , San Cheong Vee , Gang Fangli , Sun Xiaodan , Liu Chaozong
Published: September 2021

For achieving early intervention treatment to help patients delay or avoid joint replacement surgery, a personalized scaffold should be designed coupling the effects of mechanical, fluid mechanical, chemical, and biological factors on tissue regeneration, which results in time- and cost-consuming trial-and-error analyses to investigate the in vivo test and related experimental tests. To optimize the fluid mechanical and material properties to predict osteogenesis and cartilage regeneration for the in vivo and clinical trial, a simulation approach is developed for scaffold design, which is composed of a volume of a fluid model for simulating the bone marrow filling process of the bone marrow and air, as well as a discrete phase model and a cell impingement model for tracking cell movement during bone marrow fillings. The bone marrow is treated as a non-Newtonian fluid, rather than a Newtonian fluid, because of its viscoelastic property. The simulation results indicated that the biofunctional bionic scaffold with a dense layer to prevent the bone marrow flow to the cartilage layer and synovia to flow into the trabecular bone area guarantee good osteogenesis and cartilage regeneration, which leads to high-accuracy in vivo tests in sheep . This approach not only predicts the final bioperformance of the scaffold but also could optimize the scaffold structure and materials by their biochemical, biological, and biomechanical properties.
Advances in the Development of Microbial Double-Stranded RNA Production Systems for Application of RNA Interference in Agricultural Pest Control
Authors: Guan Ruobing , Chu Dongdong , Han Xinyi , Miao Xuexia , Li Haichao
Published: September 2021

RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable and revolutionary technology that has been widely applied in medicine and agriculture. The application of RNAi in various industries requires large amounts of low-cost double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Chemical synthesis can only produce short dsRNAs; long dsRNAs need to be synthesized biologically. Several microbial chassis cells, such as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Bacillus species, have been used for dsRNA synthesis. However, the titer, rate of production, and yield of dsRNA obtained by these microorganism-based strategies is still low. In this review, we summarize advances in microbial dsRNA production, and analyze the merits and faults of different microbial dsRNA production systems. This review provides a guide for dsRNA production system selection. Future development of efficient microbial dsRNA production systems is also discussed.
Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease; Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Arjmand Babak , Abedi Mina , Arabi Maryam , Alavi-Moghadam Sepideh , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Hadavandkhani Mahdieh , Tayanloo-Beik Akram , Kordi Ramin , Roudsari Peyvand Parhizkar , Larijani Bagher
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of adult death in the world. According to new estimates from the World Health Organization, myocardial infarction (MI) is responsible for four out of every five deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Conventional treatments of MI are taking aspirin and nitroglycerin as intermediate treatments and injecting antithrombotic agents within the first 3 h after MI. Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention are the most common long term treatments. Since none of these interventions will fully regenerate the infarcted myocardium, there is value in pursuing more innovative therapeutic approaches. Regenerative medicine is an innovative interdisciplinary method for rebuilding, replacing, or repairing the missed part of different organs in the body, as similar as possible to the primary structure. In recent years, regenerative medicine has been widely utilized as a treatment for ischemic heart disease (one of the most fatal factors around the world) to repair the lost part of the heart by using stem cells. Here, the development of mesenchymal stem cells causes a breakthrough in the treatment of different cardiovascular diseases. They are easily obtainable from different sources, and expanded and enriched easily, with no need for immunosuppressing agents before transplantation, and fewer possibilities of genetic abnormality accompany them through multiple passages. The production of new cardiomyocytes can result from the transplantation of different types of stem cells. Accordingly, due to its remarkable benefits, stem cell therapy has received attention in recent years as it provides a drug-free and surgical treatment for patients and encourages a more safe and feasible cardiac repair. Although different clinical trials have reported on the promising benefits of stem cell therapy, there is still uncertainty about its mechanism of action. It is important to conduct different preclinical and clinical studies to explore the exact mechanism of action of the cells. After reviewing the pathophysiology of MI, this study addresses the role of tissue regeneration using various materials, including different types of stem cells. It proves some appropriate data about the importance of ethical problems, which leads to future perspectives on this scientific method.
Differential Requirement of Gata2a and Gata2b for Primitive and Definitive Myeloid Development in Zebrafish
Authors: Peña Oscar A. , Lubin Alexandra , Rowell Jasmine , Hoade Yvette , Khokhar Noreen , Lemmik Hanna , Mahony Christopher , Dace Phoebe , Umamahesan Chianna , Payne Elspeth M.
Published: September 2021

Germline loss or mutation of one copy of the transcription factor GATA2 in humans leads to a range of clinical phenotypes affecting hematopoietic, lymphatic and vascular systems. GATA2 heterozygous mice show only a limited repertoire of the features observed in humans. Zebrafish have two copies of the Gata2 gene as a result of an additional round of ancestral whole genome duplication. These genes, Gata2a and Gata2b, show distinct but overlapping expression patterns, and between them, highlight a significantly broader range of the phenotypes observed in GATA2 deficient syndromes, than each one alone. In this manuscript, we use mutants for Gata2a and Gata2b to interrogate the effects on hematopoiesis of these two ohnologs, alone and in combination, during development in order to further define the role of GATA2 in developmental hematopoiesis. We define unique roles for each ohnolog at different stages of developmental myelopoiesis and for the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. These effects are not additive in the haploinsufficient state suggesting a redundancy between these two genes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Rescue studies additionally support that Gata2b can compensate for the effects of Gata2a loss. Finally we show that adults with loss of combined heterozygosity show defects in the myeloid compartment consistent with GATA2 loss in humans. These results build on existing knowledge from other models of GATA2 deficiency and refine our understanding of the early developmental effects of GATA2. In addition, these studies shed light on the complexity and potential structure-function relationships as well as sub-functionalization of Gata2 genes in the zebrafish model.
FKBP51 Affects TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand Response in Melanoma
Authors: Tufano Martina , Cesaro Elena , Martinelli Rosanna , Pacelli Roberto , Romano Simona , Romano Maria Fiammetta
Published: September 2021

Melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors and has the highest potential to elicit specific adaptive antitumor immune responses. Immune cells induce apoptosis of cancer cells either by soluble factors or by triggering cell-death pathways. Melanoma cells exploit multiple mechanisms to escape immune system tumoricidal control. FKBP51 is a relevant pro-oncogenic factor of melanoma cells supporting NF-κB-mediated resistance and cancer stemness/invasion epigenetic programs. Herein, we show that FKBP51-silencing increases TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-R2 (DR5) expression and sensitizes melanoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Consistent with the general increase in histone deacetylases, as by the proteomic profile, the immune precipitation assay showed decreased acetyl-Yin Yang 1 (YY1) after FKBP51 depletion, suggesting an impaired repressor activity of this transcription factor. ChIP assay supported this hypothesis. Compared with non-silenced cells, a reduced acetyl-YY1 was found on the DR5 promoter, resulting in increased DR5 transcript levels. Using Crispr/Cas9 knockout (KO) melanoma cells, we confirmed the negative regulation of DR5 by FKBP51. We also show that KO cells displayed reduced levels of acetyl-EP300 responsible for YY1 acetylation, along with reduced acetyl-YY1. Reconstituting FKBP51 levels contrasted the effects of KO on DR5, acetyl-YY1, and acetyl-EP300 levels. In conclusion, our finding shows that FKBP51 reduces DR5 expression at the transcriptional level by promoting YY1 repressor activity. Our study supports the conclusion that targeting FKBP51 increases the expression level of DR5 and sensitivity to TRAIL-induced cell death, which can improve the tumoricidal action of immune cells.
A Comprehensive Analysis of SE-lncRNA/mRNA Differential Expression Profiles During Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zhang Chen , Long Lujue , Ge Lihua , Guo Jing , Fan Zhipeng , Yu Guoxia
Published: September 2021

Objective: Articular cartilage injury is common and difficult to treat clinically because of the characteristics of the cartilage. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-mediated cartilage regeneration is a promising therapy for treating articular cartilage injury. BMSC differentiation is controlled by numerous molecules and signaling pathways in the microenvironment at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. However, the possible function of super enhancer long non-coding RNAs (SE-lncRNAs) in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs is still unclear. Our intention was to explore the expression profile of SE-lncRNAs and potential target genes regulated by SE-lncRNAs during chondrogenic differentiation in BMSCs.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we conducted a human Super-Enhancer LncRNA Microarray to investigate the differential expression profile of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs during chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed to clarify the important signaling pathways, SE-lncRNAs, and mRNAs associated with SE-lncRNAs regulating the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

Results: A total of 77 SE-lncRNAs were identified, of which 47 were upregulated and 30 were downregulated during chondrogenic differentiation. A total of 308 mRNAs were identified, of which 245 were upregulated and 63 were downregulated. Some pathways, such as focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, were identified as the key pathways that may be implicated in the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, five potentially core regulatory mRNAs (PMEPA1, ENC1, TES, CDK6, and ADIRF) and 37 SE-lncRNAs in chondrogenic differentiation were identified by bioinformatic analysis.

Conclusion: We assessed the differential expression levels of SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs, along with the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. By analyzing the interactions and co-expression, we identified the core SE-lncRNAs and mRNAs acting as regulators of the chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs. Our study also provided novel insights into the mechanism of BMSC chondrogenic and cartilage regeneration.
Cognitive Enhancement of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xie Ye , Li Yunxia , Nie Lu , Zhang Wanting , Ke Zijun , Ku Yixuan
Published: September 2021

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, has been considered as a potentially effective treatment for the cognitive impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, the effectiveness of this therapy is still under debate due to the variety of rTMS parameters and individual differences including distinctive stages of AD in the previous studies. The current meta-analysis is aiming to assess the cognitive enhancement of rTMS treatment on patients of MCI and early AD. Three datasets (PubMed, Web of Science and CKNI) were searched with relative terms and finally twelve studies with 438 participants (231 in the rTMS group and 207 in the control group) in thirteen randomized, double-blind and controlled trials were included. Random effects analysis revealed that rTMS stimulation significantly introduced cognitive benefits in patients of MCI and early AD compared with the control group (mean effect size, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.76 - 1.57). Most settings of rTMS parameters (frequency, session number, stimulation site number) significantly enhanced global cognitive function, and the results revealed that protocols with 10 Hz repetition frequency and DLPFC as the stimulation site for 20 sessions can already be able to produce cognitive improvement. The cognitive enhancement of rTMS could last for one month after the end of treatment and patients with MCI were likely to benefit more from the rTMS stimulation. Our meta-analysis added important evidence to the cognitive enhancement of rTMS in patients with MCI and early AD and discussed potential underlying mechanisms about the effect induced by rTMS.
Comparison of Different Labeling Techniques for the LC-MS Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides
Authors: Lang Yinzhi , Zhang Yongzhen , Wang Chen , Huang Limei , Liu Xiaoxiao , Song Ni , Li Guoyun , Yu Guangli
Published: September 2021

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) exhibit various biological activities for infants, such as serving as prebiotics, blocking pathogens, and aiding in brain development. HMOs are a complex mixture of hetero-oligosaccharides that are generally highly branched, containing multiple structural isomers and no intrinsic chromophores, presenting a challenge to both their resolution and quantitative detection. While liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become the primary strategy for analysis of various compounds, the very polar and chromophore-free properties of native glycans hinder their separation in LC and ionization in MS. Various labeling approaches have been developed to achieve separation of glycans with higher resolution and greater sensitivity of detection. Here, we compared five commonly used labeling techniques [by 2-aminobenzamide, 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA), 2,6-diaminopyridine, and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone] for analyzing HMOs specifically under hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) conditions. The 2-AA labeling showed the most consistent deprotonated molecular ions, the enhanced sensitivity with the least structural selectivity, and the sequencing-informative tandem MS fragmentation spectra for the widest range of HMOs; therefore, this labeling technique was selected for further optimization under the porous graphitized carbon chromatography-mass spectrometry (PGC-MS) conditions. The combination strategy of 2-AA labeling and PGC-MS techniques provided online decontamination (removal of excess 2-AA, salts, and lactose) and resolute detection of many HMOs, enabling us to characterize the profiles of complicated HMO mixtures comprehensively in a simple protocol.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Vaccines Update on Challenges and Resolutions
Authors: Khan Wajihul Hasan , Hashmi Zohra , Goel Aditya , Ahmad Razi , Gupta Kanisha , Khan Nida , Alam Iqbal , Ahmed Faheem , Ansari Mairaj Ahmed
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a positive-stranded RNA virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to the Coronaviridae family. This virus originated in Wuhan City, China, and became the cause of a multiwave pandemic that has killed 3.46 million people worldwide as of May 22, 2021. The havoc intensified with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.1.7; Alpha, B.1.351; Beta, P.1; Gamma, B.1.617; Delta, B.1.617.2; Delta-plus, B.1.525; Eta, and B.1.429; Epsilon etc.) due to mutations generated during replication. More variants may emerge to cause additional pandemic waves. The most promising approach for combating viruses and their emerging variants lies in prophylactic vaccines. Several vaccine candidates are being developed using various platforms, including nucleic acids, live attenuated virus, inactivated virus, viral vectors, and protein-based subunit vaccines. In this unprecedented time, 12 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been phased in following WHO approval, 184 are in the preclinical stage, and 100 are in the clinical development process. Many of them are directed to elicit neutralizing antibodies against the viral spike protein (S) to inhibit viral entry through the ACE-2 receptor of host cells. Inactivated vaccines, to the contrary, provide a wide range of viral antigens for immune activation. Being an intracellular pathogen, the cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell (CTL) response remains crucial for all viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and needs to be explored in detail. In this review, we try to describe and compare approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that are currently being distributed either after phase III clinical trials or for emergency use. We discuss immune responses induced by various candidate vaccine formulations; their benefits, potential limitations, and effectiveness against variants; future challenges, such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE); and vaccine safety issues and their possible resolutions. Most of the current vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 are showing either promising or compromised efficacy against new variants. Multiple antigen-based vaccines (multivariant vaccines) should be developed on different platforms to tackle future variants. Alternatively, recombinant BCG, containing SARS-CoV-2 multiple antigens, as a live attenuated vaccine should be explored for long-term protection. Irrespective of their efficacy, all vaccines are efficient in providing protection from disease severity. We must insist on vaccine compliance for all age groups and work on vaccine hesitancy globally to achieve herd immunity and, eventually, to curb this pandemic.