bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of 23- and 25-Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery in Management of Diabetic Macular Traction Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kumar Atul , Duraipandi Kavita , Gogia Varun , Sehra Sri Vatsa , Gupta Shikha , Midha Neha
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To compare the efficacy, outcomes, and complications of 23-G and 25-G microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) in cases of diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD).

Methods

This is a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, comparative study. Fifty eyes of 50 patients with diabetic TRD involving or threatening macula were randomized into 2 groups of 25 each. Group 1 underwent 23-G MIVS and group 2 underwent 25-G MIVS. Patients were followed up at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. The primary outcome measure was anatomic and visual success after surgery. We also compared the 2 alternative MIVS systems and assessed various intraoperative and postoperative parameters.

Results

Anatomic achievement was achieved in all eyes and both groups showed a significant improvement in vision after surgery (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004, respectively) and were comparable (p = 0.584). Mean surgical time in 25-G surgery was significantly longer than in 23-G surgery by 4.60 minutes (p<0.001). Postoperative mean astigmatism was comparable in the 2 groups and postoperative hypotony was not encountered in either group. No port-related breaks were seen in either group; however, iatrogenic breaks occurred in 4 eyes in the 23-G group and 5 eyes in the 25-G group (p = 1.000). There was significantly less immediate postoperative pain and foreign body sensation in the 25-G group compared with the 23-G group.

Conclusions

Both 23-G and 25-G MIVS have comparable visual and anatomic results for diabetic TRD; however, 25-G surgery may be associated with less postoperative pain and discomfort than 23-G surgery.
Differences in Gene Expression in Lymphocytes of Patients with High-tension, PEX, and Normal-tension Glaucoma and in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fraenkl Stephan A. , Golubnitschaja Olga , Yeghiazaryan Kristina , Orgül Selim , Flammer Josef
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Differences in the gene expression of leukocytes between patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and controls have been described. This study was performed in order to detect the differences in gene expression in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), patients with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX), and patients with NTG, and in healthy subjects.

Methods

Ten patients with POAG, 11 patients with PEX, 10 patients with NTG, and 42 sex- and age-matched healthy persons were recruited. All study subjects were Caucasian. Twenty-two preselected genes were chosen and their expression in blood lymphocytes was quantified by real-time PCR. First, a univariate comparison among all groups was performed using the nonparametric Friedman test. Second, an L1 penalized logistic regression was performed.

Results

Using the Friedman test to compare the 4 groups, 9 genes showed a different expression (p<0.05). Comparing the controls vs patients with POAG, 8 genes were differently expressed (p<0.05). Comparing patients with PEX vs controls, 9 genes were significantly different (p≤0.05). The statistical analysis of patients with NTG vs controls showed a difference in gene expression of 7 genes (p≤0.05). All these genes were upregulated in the glaucoma groups compared with the controls. The genes RhoGDI and RAR showed the most significant statistical difference in the L1-penalized logistic regression. The genes overexpressed in POAG/PEX differed from the ones in NTG.

Conclusions

In this masked study among the preselected 22 genes, several genes are overexpressed in the blood lymphocytes of Caucasian patients with glaucoma compared with the controls. The genes upregulated in POAG/PEX differed from the ones in NTG.
First 100: Learning Curve for Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Pillar Shani , Tessler Gili , Dreznik Ayelet , Bor Elite , Kaiserman Igor , Bahar Irit
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Endothelial keratoplasty is largely replacing penetrating keratoplasty for the routine treatment of corneal endothelial failure. The aim of the study was to describe the performance, complications, and outcome of the first 100 Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) procedures performed at a major medical center, with an emphasis on the learning curve.

Methods

A retrospective, comparative case series study was conducted by a single surgeon at a tertiary, university-affiliated medical center. Data were collected on 100 consecutive DSAEK procedures performed between September 2008, when the technique was introduced in the ophthalmology department, and January 2011. Main outcome measures include best-corrected visual acuity, graft dislocation rate, primary failure rate, and endothelial cell loss. Findings were compared between the first (early group) and last (late group) 50 cases.

Results

Mean (SD) logMAR best-corrected visual acuity at 1 year improved from 1.02 ± 0.36 to 0.38 ± 0.35 in the early group (p<0.05) and from 0.93 ± 0.48 to 0.25 ± 0.21 in the late group (p<0.05) (n = 86). Although the late group included more complex cases (presence of anterior chamber intraocular lens, need for combination cataract surgery or secondary scleral intraocular lens fixation), graft dislocation was more common in the early group (20% versus 10%, p = 0.26). Primary and late graft failures occurred only in the early group (12% vs 0, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Rates of primary failure and disc dislocation for DSAEK decrease as surgeons gain experience with the procedure, and the number of functional grafts increases accordingly. Visual outcome improves regardless of surgical experience.
Visual Outcome of Cataract in Pediatric Age Group: Does Etiology have a Role?
Authors: Shah Mehul A. , Shah Shreya M. , Shah Ashit H. , Pandya Jaimini S.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To compare visual outcome results among traumatic and nontraumatic groups of eyes with cataract in the pediatric age group.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study. This study comprised a consecutive series of pediatric patients under 5 years of age with unilateral congenital, developing, or traumatic cataract who underwent surgery between January 1999 and April 2012 at Drashti Netralaya, Dahod. Records were retrieved from the medical record department. Patients were grouped as traumatic or nontraumatic and their demographics, cataract type, presenting symptoms, surgical intervention, and postoperative visual acuity follow-up refractive changes were recorded and compared.

Results

A total of 128 eyes of 128 children under 5 years of age were included with unilateral cataract. A total of 85 (66.4%) were traumatic and 43 (33.3%) nontraumatic. The age at surgery ranged from 1 to 60 months. Eyes were grouped by etiology: group 1- traumatic 85 (66.4%) eyes that had traumatic cataracts. Group 2 non-traumatic 43 (33.3%) eyes that had congenital, developmental or complicated cataracts. The mean follow-up time was 117 days. Finally, 22 (51.1%) group 1 patients and 40 (47.1%) group 2 patients achieved visual acuity better than 20/200 (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Surgical treatment with intraocular lens implantation for children with congenital, developmental, or traumatic cataract is an effective treatment for visual rehabilitation. Visual outcome is significantly better (p = 0.005) in case of nontraumatic cataracts than traumatic cataracts.
Influence of Prostaglandin Analogue on Outcome after Combined Cataract Surgery and Trabecular Aspiration in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Gonnermann Johannes , Klamann Matthias K. J. , Maier Anna-Karina B. , Torun Necip , Ruokonen Peter C. , Bertelmann Eckart
Published: July 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative outcome and risk profile after combined clear cornea phacoemulsification and trabecular aspiration in the treatment of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEX) associated with cataract.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 69 eyes of 60 patients with visually significant cataract and PEX were treated with small-incision cataract surgery combined with trabecular aspiration. The intraocular pressure (IOP), number of antiglaucoma eyedrops before and after surgery, as well as complications were measured at all postoperative visits (1 day, 7 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months).

Results

There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative IOP during the follow-up period. There was no significant difference in the number of medications being used after 6 weeks follow-up. Six months and 12 months after surgery, the number of antiglaucoma eyedrops decreased significantly. Complications were fibrinotic iritis in 4 eyes (5.9%), cystoid macular edema in 3 eyes (4.4%), and hyphema in 1 eye (1.4%). Fibrinotic iritis and macular edema were present in only 37 of 69 eyes that were treated with prostaglandin analogues.

Conclusions

Small-incision cataract surgery combined with trabecular aspiration in cases of PEX associated with cataract is effective in IOP reduction over a 1-year follow-up. Prostaglandin analogues may increase the risk of postoperative macular edema and fibrinotic iritis. Preoperative medication exchange may be considered.
Scheimpflug Parameters after Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus
Authors: Toprak Ibrahim , Yildirim Cem
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To assess the effects of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on Scheimpflug imaging system parameters in patients with progressive keratoconus.

Methods

Forty-seven eyes of 47 patients who underwent CXL treatment (CXL group) for progressive keratoconus and 26 eyes of 26 nontreated patients with keratoconus (control group) were included in this retrospective controlled study. Changes in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA, logMAR equivalent), maximum K (keratometry), corneal volume (CV), corneal thickness, and anterior chamber parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were analyzed at 6 months follow-up.

Results

The mean CDVA improved (p<0.001); maximum K, CV, and pachymetry measurements significantly decreased after CXL treatment in patients with progressive keratoconus (p = 0.001, p<0.001, respectively). However, in the control group, CDVA, maximum K, CV, and pachymetry measurements remained unchanged at 6 months follow-up (p>0.05). The anterior chamber parameters (ACD, ACV, and ACA) did not show significant changes between baseline and 6 months in CXL and control groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions

In patients with progressive keratoconus, CXL treatment is effective in improving visual acuity and maximum keratometry. Although the treatment might cause corneal thinning and volume loss, anterior chamber parameters seem not to be affected during the postoperative course.
The Influence of Compliance with the Use of Refractive Correction in Hyperopic Children on Accommodation
Authors: Gatzonis Stamatis D. , Follidi Vasiliki P.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To indicate the relationship between constant, correct use of hyperopic spectacles and relaxation of accommodation in children.

Methods

After thorough ophthalmic examination (cycloplegia included), 52 children 2.5 to 9 years old were detected with hyperopia >3 D, out of all examined within a year. These children were fully or partially corrected, with hyperopic glasses, depending on whether accommodative esotropia was or was not present. Constant and correct use of spectacles was strongly suggested to all children. During follow-up 3 and 6 months later, the amount of manifest hyperopia was measured in each case by an autorefractometer (without the use of cycloplegic factor).

Results

Out of the 52 children, 37 who participated in our study fully complied with hyperopic spectacle treatment, wearing their glasses constantly and correctly. The 15 others wore their glasses partially or not at all or made incorrect use of them. During follow-up 3 and 6 months later, refractive measurements of manifest hyperopia in the first group of children were identical or similar to the refractive power of their glasses. On the contrary, in the second group of children, strong accommodation did not allow the expression of hyperopia, and in a few cases myopic refractive measurements appeared (similar to those on the first examination, before spectacle treatment was prescribed).

Conclusions

Constant and correct use of hyperopic spectacles leads to relaxation of accommodation in children and is thus an accurate indicator of compliance.
Visual Performance after Bilateral Implantation of a new Diffractive Aspheric Multifocal Intraocular Lens with a 3.5 D Addition
Authors: Dexl Alois K. , Zaluski Serge , Rasp Max , Grabner Günther
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To evaluate visual performance after implantation of a new diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) with a +3.50 D addition power.

Methods

A total of 24 cataract patients were bilaterally implanted with the Diffractiva-aA MIOL in 2 ophthalmologic centers and followed for 6 months. Postoperative evaluations included visual acuities (VA) at various distances, defocus testing, contrast sensitivity (CS) measurements, and patient satisfaction questionnaire.

Results

Six months postoperatively, binocular uncorrected VA (mean ± SD; logMAR) was 0.00 ± 0.05 (≍20/20) for distance, 0.06 ± 0.13 (≍20/23) for intermediate (1 m), and 0.00 ± 0.05 (≍20/20) for near (40 cm). All patients achieved uncorrected VA of 20/25 or better for distance and near, and 20/40 or better at 1 m. Monocular and binocular defocus curves showed 2 peaks of maximum VA at the distance focus (0.0 D) and the near focus (-2.5 D) and a good range of intermediate vision with the lowest mean acuity being at -1.5 D defocus. Photopic and mesopic CS were within the standard normal range. The majority of patients (n = 22; 91.7%) were spectacle independent; 8.3% (n = 2) reported wearing glasses occasionally for very small print (1 patient) or for watching television (1 patient). Overall, all patients were “very satisfied” (n = 22; 91.7%) or “satisfied” (n = 2; 8.3%) with the procedure.

Conclusions

The new Diffractiva-aA MIOL provided a full range of vision from near to far generating highly satisfied, spectacle independent patients with only minimal visual disturbances at night.
Macular Pseudohole Development after Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Macular Edema Due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Di Antonio Luca , Toto Lisa , Carpineto Paolo , Mastropasqua Alessandra , De Nicola Chiara , Mastropasqua Leonardo
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To report a case of macular pseudohole (MPH) development after sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant for chronic macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods

A 70-year-old man with cystoid macular edema (CME) due to CRVO underwent sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant. En face optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed before and after treatment.

Results

One month after dexamethasone intravitreal implant, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 1.0 to 0.5 logMAR. At 2 months, BCVA decreased from 0.5 to 1.3 logMAR. En face OCT detected the development of MPH due to exacerbation of centripetal vitreomacular transverse tractional forces on the overlying retina.

Conclusions

Macular pseudohole seems to be a complication of intravitreal therapy in patients with coexisting vitreomacular traction. En face OCT gives useful information to understand the mechanism of MPH development after sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant.
Concordance and Interchangeability of Biometric Measurements of Ocular Axial Length in Patients Awaiting Cataract Surgery
Authors: Martín-Serrano María José , Roman-Ortiz Carmen , Villa-Sáez M Luz , Labrador-Castellanos M Purificación , Blanco-Carrasco Rosario , Lozano-Ballesteros Felicidad , Pedraza-Martín Carmen , José-Herrero M Teresa San , López-Ropero Ana M , Tenías José María
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To estimate in patients awaiting cataract surgery the concordance and interchangeability of axial eye length measurements performed with the aid of various biometric methods (optical or ultrasonic) by different operators (nurses) at different times during the period prior to surgery.

Methods

We selected 182 consecutive eyes from 91 patients. Ocular axial length was measured with the aid of 2 methods (IOLMaster® and Ocuscan®) by 9 randomly allocated technicians at 2 different times during the waiting period. The concordance between measurements was evaluated by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); the interchangeability of the results was assessed with Bland Altman plots and Passing and Bablok regression.

Results

The measurements were consistent between biometric methods (ICC 0.975, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.968 to 0.980) and measurement dates (ICC 0.996, 95% CI 0.995 to 0.997). Interobserver agreement was more heterogeneous (ICC range 0.844 to 0.998). No systematic errors were observed among the various biometric methods and measurement dates.

Conclusions

Because measurement of axial length in phakic patients may be technician-dependent, the technician's experience should be noted in the protocols of ophthalmology services.
Oral Propranolol Therapy for Management of Exudative Retinal Detachment from Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Thapa Raba , Shields Carol L.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH), a feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome, is most often treated with whole-eye radiotherapy at stage of complications such as retinal detachment.

Methods

This is a case report of a 17-year-old boy with DCH and exudative retinal detachment.

Results

The patient was treated with propranolol at 60 mg twice a day for 2 months followed by gradual dose taper to 10 mg twice a day per month and discontinued at 7 months. The retinal detachment slowly resolved over 1 month and the retina remained attached at 10 months follow-up. There were no medication side effects.

Conclusions

We suggest that oral propranolol be considered in the armamentarium for selected DCH.
Choroidal Thickness after Treatment for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Farinha Cláudia L. , Baltar Alda S. , Nunes Sandrina G. , Franqueira Nuno F. , Figueira João P. , Pires Isabel A. , Cachulo Maria L. , Silva Rufino M.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To evaluate choroidal thickness in highly myopic eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 3 or more years after treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT), intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR), or both (PDT + IVR).

Methods

The medical records of patients with high myopia and CNV treated with PDT or IVR in our department were reviewed. Eyes meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to 3 groups: PDT, IVR, and PDT + IVR. A fourth group, “dry myopic maculopathy,” included the contralateral highly myopic eyes that never developed CNV. All patients performed a cross-sectional evaluation with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), measurement of axial length, color fundus photography, and enhanced depth imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results

Forty-two eyes (21 patients) were included: 11 eyes (26.2%) in the PDT group, 8 (19.0%) in the IVR group, 9 (21.4%) in the PDT + IVR group, and 14 (33.3%) in the dry maculopathy group. Subfoveal choroidal thickness showed no significant differences between groups (p>0.05). Positive correlation was found between BCVA and macular choroidal thickness (r = +0.293, p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that age (p<0.001), axial length (p<0.001), sex (p = 0.001), and myopic lesions such as tessellated fundus (p = 0.046) and patchy atrophy (p = 0.008) were predictive of choroidal thickness. Type of treatment was not predictive of choroidal thickness.

Conclusions

Older age and greater axial length are the major factors associated with macular choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes submitted to CNV treatment. The type of treatment performed for myopic CNV had no predictive contribution for choroidal thickness.
Surgical Outcomes of DSAEK in Patients with Prior Ahmed Glaucoma Drainage Device Placement
Authors: Schoenberg Evan D. , Levin Ken H. , Savetsky Michael J. , Mcintire Lisa U. , Ayyala Ramesh S.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To study the surgical outcomes of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in eyes with previous Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent DSAEK by a single surgeon in the setting of prior AGV implantation between December 2009 and September 2011 with at least 12 months follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative endothelial cell counts, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma medications were recorded.

Results

Eighteen eyes of 13 patients were included. The average endothelial cell count (cells/mm2) was 3087.7 (SD 390.8) preoperatively, 1974.3 (SD 646.0) at 6 months, 1831.7 (SD 851.2) at 12 months, and 1821.3 (SD 762.2) at 24 months. The average IOP (mm Hg) was 13.7 (SD 4.3) preoperatively, 15.1 (SD 5.0) at 6 months, 15.5 (SD 6.6) at 12 months, and 15.1 (SD 4.8) at 24 months. Average visual acuity (VA) preoperatively was 20/100 (logMAR 0.73, SD 0.27) and average best VA postoperatively was 20/60 (logMAR 0.5, SD 0.27). Nine of the 18 eyes (50%) had failed DSAEK grafts at 9.3 (SD 6.0) months. Six of these eyes had peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) preoperatively, 3 had a history of uveitis, and 4 failures had multiple AGVs. Intraocular pressure control (<21 mm Hg) was maintained without additional medications in 11 eyes (61%) and with additional medication in 4 eyes (22%). Intraocular pressure control was not maintained in 3 eyes (17%).

Conclusions

Though challenging, DSAEK surgery can be successful in the setting of previous AGV implantation, with success rates comparable to those of penetrating keratoplasty in the same population. Higher failure rate of DSAEK with prior AGV appears to be associated with the presence of chronic angle closure glaucoma with 360-degree PAS with shallow chambers, the presence of multiple AGVs, and presence of uveitis.
The Role of Intraoperative Bevacizumab for Prevention of Postoperative Vitreous Hemorrhage in Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Göncü Tuğba , Özdek Şengül , Ünlü Metin
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To assess the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) on the incidence of postoperative recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in eyes operated for diabetic VH when injected at the end of the surgery.

Methods

A prospective, comparative clinical trial was conducted on a consecutive series of patients requiring vitrectomy for diabetic nonclearing VH. Intravitreal bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) was injected at the completion of surgery. Patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (VA), applanation tonometry, and biomicroscopic anterior and posterior segment evaluation for VH grading. Postoperative visits were performed at the first day, first week, first month, third month, and sixth month. The VH was graded at each visit, and the rate of postoperative VH and VA improvement and potential complications were evaluated and compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 72 eyes of 66 patients were included. Thirty-four eyes were enrolled in the IVB group and 38 eyes were enrolled in the control group. The rate of postoperative VH did not differ significantly between the groups at any postoperative visit (p>0.05). Three eyes (8.8%) in the IVB group and 5 eyes (13.1%) in the control group had postoperative VH throughout the follow-up period and only one eye from each group underwent a second surgery. Postoperative VA significantly increased in both groups but did not differ significantly between the groups at any postoperative visit (p>0.05).

Conclusions

Intravitreal bevacizumab does not seem to have any beneficial effect on the incidence of postoperative VH in eyes operated for diabetic VH when injected at the end of surgery.
Clinical Analysis of Macular Edema with New Software for SD-OCT Imaging
Authors: Azzolini Claudio , Sansoni Giovanna , Donati Simone , Parodi Maurizio Battaglia , Oum Muna Al , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Tartaglia Valerio , Semeraro Francesco , Virgili Gianni
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of user-friendly software for the measurement of intraretinal hyporeflective spaces expression of macular edema.

Methods

Fifteen consecutive patients with diabetic retinopathy with clinically significant macular edema were examined using conventional spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). A new composite software application, OCT–measurement analysis tool (OCT-MAT), was developed to automatically process and analyze OCT B-scans by means of image acquisition, filtering, and elaboration, together with hyporeflective area recognition and measurement in μm2. The same macular areas were measured manually, and then compared to the measurements obtained by the automated OCT-MAT software. A statistical t test analysis was applied (statistical significance level at p<0.05). The repeatability and reproducibility coefficient for the automated software was computed using the Wilcoxon matched pair test (5% significance level).

Results

In all patients, the software effectively measured the number and extension of intraretinal hyporeflective spaces in μm2. The comparison between mean manual measurements and OCT-MAT measurements (0.478 ± 0.300 × 106 μm2 vs 0.471 ± 0.321 × 106 μm2) showed correct correspondence (p>0.05). Moreover, the OCT-MAT software showed good repeatability and reproducibility (coefficient below 3%).

Conclusions

OCT-MAT allows the precise measurement of macular edema in terms of the number of empty spaces and their size in all patients. Its daily clinical application might give precise information regarding the evolution of macular edema and the efficacy of therapy.
Presumed Herpetic Anterior Uveitis: A Study with Retrospective Analysis of 79 Cases
Authors: Nalcacioglu-Yüksekkaya Pinar , Ozdal Pinar C. , Teke Mehmet Yasin , Kara Caner , Ozturk Faruk
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To describe the clinical features, visual outcome, medical treatment, and complications of presumed herpetic anterior uveitis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data related to 79 eyes of 77 patients with presumed herpetic anterior uveitis seen at the Uveitis Unit of the Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital from 1996 to 2011. Age at onset of disease, sex, follow-up duration, existence of corneal involvement, posterior synechiae, distorted pupil, iris atrophy, characteristic of keratic precipitates, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), medical treatment, recurrence rate, complications, visual acuities (VA), and surgery for complications were recorded. The complication rates in patients with and without corneal involvement were compared.

Results

There were 38 (49.4%) female and 39 (50.6%) male patients. The mean age at presentation was 48.5 ± 14.8 (20–82) years. The follow-up period was 26.5 (2–127) months. Two patients had bilateral involvement. Ocular findings were a corneal scar or active keratitis in 37 (46.8%) eyes, secondary glaucoma in 14 (17.7%), iris atrophy in 39 (49.4%), distorted pupil in 16 (20.3%), posterior synechiae in 23 (29.1%), and granulomatous anterior uveitis in 30 (40%) eyes. Eight (10.1%) eyes had a posterior subcapsular cataract. Glaucoma surgery was required for uncontrolled IOP with maximum medical treatment in 2 (2.4%) eyes. Long-term oral acyclovir was used in 9 (11.3%) patients. Final VA was ≤ 0.1 in 8 (10.1%) eyes; of these, 6 had either corneal scarring or cataract and 2 preexisting amblyopia.

Conclusions

Presumed herpetic anterior uveitis with or without keratitis has characteristic clinical findings that enable the diagnosis. Long-term prophylactic antiviral therapy should be considered especially in patients <50 years old.
Comparison of Far and near Contrast Sensitivity in Patients Symmetrically Implanted with Multifocal and Monofocal Iols
Authors: Gil Miguel A. , Varón Consuelo , Cardona Genís , Vega Fidel , Buil José A.
Published: July 2013

Purpose

A prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial was designed to evaluate distance and near contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients symmetrically, and randomly, implanted with 4 different multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) designs (ReSTOR SN6AD1, ReSTOR SN60D3, ReZoom NXG, and Tecnis ZMA00) and a monofocal control group (Tecnis ZA9003), 6 months after cataract intervention.

Methods

Photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare distance CS, as well as photopic near CS, was evaluated with the CSV-1000 CS test and the Vistech VCTS 6000 system, respectively, in a group of 180 patients attending the ophthalmology department of Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, for cataract intervention and lens implantation.

Results

Statistically and clinically significant differences were found between the monofocal and multifocal lens groups at all spatial frequencies and illumination conditions, both during distance and near CS evaluation (all p<0.05), with the monofocal lens offering the best performance in all cases. Contrast sensitivity was similarly compromised in all MIOL models at distance, although MIOLs with diffractive optics and aspheric profiles showed a non–statistically significant trend to perform better in mesopic conditions. Near CS was lower for refractive, distance dominant lens designs, particularly at medium to high spatial frequencies.

Conclusions

The present results, which reflect intraocular lens (IOL) characteristics in optics, profile, and add power, may contribute to help surgeons decide on the type of IOL most suitable for each patient by taking into consideration the individual needs for critical distance and near vision, both in terms of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
Intermediate Uveitis: Comparison between Childhood-Onset and Adult-Onset Disease
Authors: Paroli Maria Pia , Abicca Irene , Sapia Alfredo , Bruschi Simone , Pezzi Paola Pivetti
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To compare demographic and clinical data, systemic disease association, visual prognosis, and complications found in childhood and adult onset of intermediate uveitis (IU).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 287 patients with IU: 122 (42.5%) children at onset (<16 years), 165 (57.5%) adults. The data were entered on a computer-based standardized data entry form for statistical analysis. Student t test was used regarding differences in means. To assess significance of differences in proportions, we used the χ 2 test, but when the population in the subgroup was ≤5 patients, we used the Fisher exact test (p<0.05 were deemed to be statistically significant and as reported were not corrected for multiple testing and so should be viewed as nominal).

Results

A total of 61% of childhood-onset cases occurred in boys (44% in the adult group), while adult onset was more common in women (56% vs 39%) (p = 0.004, odds ratio [OR] 2.06). Regardless of the onset age, IU was frequently bilateral and idiopathic. The most frequent complication was cystoid macular edema (27.5%, p = 0.469, OR 0.85), which was also the most frequent cause of visual loss. Optic disc edema was more prevalent in children (15.5% vs 9.2%; p = 0.027, OR 1.81), ocular hypertension in adults (15.6% vs 7.5%, p = 0.007, OR 0.44). A total of 25 patients had non-idiopathic IU. A total of 14 patients had multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions

Intermediate uveitis was mostly idiopathic and bilateral in both groups. Visual prognosis was good and it was not age-related. Childhood onset was more frequent in boys, adult onset in women. Endocrinal factors could be involved.
Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization after Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil Tamponade
Authors: Cascavilla Maria Lucia , Querques Giuseppe , Querques Lea , Codenotti Marco , Bandello Francesco
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To report on intravitreal Ranibizumab for intervening myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a case of retinal detachment successfully repaired with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.

Methods

Intravitreal ranibizumab was performed in a 67-year-old woman with CNV complicating pathologic myopia. The patient had previously undergone vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade for retinal detachment.

Results

At 2 months from intravitreal ranibizumab, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from count fingers to 20/100, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 16 mm Hg. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed resolution of late leakage and subretinal/intraretinal fluid, respectively.

Conclusions

Administration of intravitreal anti-VEGF in patients with silicone oil as intraocular tamponade may represent an intriguing treatment option. Our results suggest that intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab may lead to a rapid improvement in both functional (BCVA) and morphologic (FA and SD-OCT) parameters of CNV activity, without significant rise in IOP, in eyes with silicone oil as intraocular tamponade.
Effects of Levodopa on Retina in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Sen Aysu , Tugcu Betul , Coskun Cigdem , Ekinci Cansu , Nacaroglu Senay Asik
Published: July 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of levodopa on retina, we assessed retina with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods

Thirty-five patients with PD (17 with levodopa monotherapy, 18 untreated) and 11 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional study. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) staging scale were used for the evaluation of disease severity. All retinal scans were performed using OCT.

Results

Total UPDRS and motor subscores were lower in untreated patients compared to patients with treated PD (p = 0.013, p = 0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference in the range of H&Y stages between the untreated and treated PD groups (p = 0.342). The average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the untreated (106.76 ± 10.55 μm) and treated (104.62 ± 8.23 μm) patients with PD were significantly thinner than those of controls (115.60 ± 9.11 μm) (p<0.005). However, there was no significant difference between the untreated and patients with treated PD (p = 0.780). No significant difference in mean values of average thickness of ganglion cell complex layer was observed among controls, patients with untreated PD, and patients with treated PD (p = 0.304).

Conclusions

Although the disease in patients with treated PD was more severe than in the untreated group, no significant difference in the thickness of retina was found between the 2 groups. Therefore, we thought that levodopa might have a protective effect on retina in patients with PD.
Mean Platelet Volume in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma
Authors: Türkcü Fatih Mehmet , Yüksel Harun , Şahin Alparslan , Cinar Yasin , HaticeYüksel  , Cingü Kürşat , Şahin Muhammed , Yildirim Adnan , Çaça Ihsan
Published: July 2013

Purpose

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome (PES) is characterized by the widespread deposition of abnormal extracellular fibrillary material on many ocular and extraocular tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association among PES, PEX glaucoma (PEG), and mean platelet volume (MPV).

Methods

Forty patients with PES (mean age 62.6 ± 7.8 years), 31 with PEG (mean age 65.9 ± 6.6 years), and 37 healthy individuals (control group) (mean age 64.0 ± 7.1 years) were included in the study. The MPV of the 3 groups were compared.

Results

Age and sex distribution were similar among groups (p>0.05). Mean MPV in PES, PEG, and control groups were 9.59 ± 0.94 fl, 9.53 ± 0.80 fl, and 7.7 ± 0.67 fl, respectively. In the PEX group, MPV values were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between the PES and PEG groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The MPV values in both groups with PEX were higher than those in the healthy group.
HMS: UMA ARQUITETURA PARA AUTOMAÇÃO RESIDENCIAL ABERTA INDEPENDENTE DE TECNOLOGIA DE REDE
Authors: Francisco Lucas , Trevisani Kleber Manrique
Published: July 2013

House Management System (HMS) is an architecture designedfor home automation, which aims to structure the integration of computer programs to control electronic devices through the Internet from mobile devices. Feitosa Jr. et al. (2010) developed an implementation of this architecture using the Java platform, but concluded that the control of electronic devices from different manufacturers and the communication with devices using networks computer technologies distinct require a large implementation effort, if followed the guidelines of the architecture. In thiscontext, this paper describes adaptations in this architecture that allow a bigger opennessto facilitate the integration between eletronic devices and distinct networktechnologies. It also presents implementation details to prove the viability of these adjustments
Off-Line Programming Techniques for Multirobot Cooperation System
Authors: Gan Yahui , Dai Xianzhong , Li Dongwei
Published: July 2013

An off-line programming software designed for multiple robots cooperation system is presented in this paper. At the beginning of the paper, current technologies of robot off-line programming are reviewed and summarized. Then, present status of cooperative functions and cooperative motion instructions defined by predominant robot manufacturers are introduced. Thereafter, principles of robot path planning for cooperative motions are presented. Based on such analysis, software architecture of the off-line programming software designed for general multirobot cooperation system is presented. At last, an off-line programming software with high detailed 3 dimension visualization is achieved. Simulation graphs and snapshots of typical cooperative motions are presented at the end of the paper, which proved the effectiveness of our proposed method.
High-Resolution, 2- and 3-Dimensional Imaging of Uncut, Unembedded Tissue Biopsy Samples
Authors: Torres Richard , Vesuna Sam , Levene Michael J.
Published: July 2013

Context.—Despite continuing advances in tissue processing automation, traditional embedding, cutting, and staining methods limit our ability for rapid, comprehensive visual examination. These limitations are particularly relevant to biopsies for which immediate therapeutic decisions are most necessary, faster feedback to the patient is desired, and preservation of tissue for ancillary studies is most important. The recent development of improved tissue clearing techniques has made it possible to consider use of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) tools in clinical settings, which could address difficulties of established methods.

Objective.—To demonstrate the potential of MPM of cleared tissue for the evaluation of unembedded and uncut pathology samples.

Design.—Human prostate, liver, breast, and kidney specimens were fixed and dehydrated by using traditional histologic techniques, with or without incorporation of nucleic acid fluorescent stains into dehydration steps. A benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate clearing protocol was substituted for xylene. Multiphoton microscopy was performed on a home-built system.

Results.—Excellent morphologic detail was achievable with MPM at depths greater than 500 μm. Pseudocoloring produced images analogous to hematoxylin-eosin–stained images. Concurrent second-harmonic generation detection allowed mapping of collagen. Subsequent traditional section staining with hematoxylin-eosin did not reveal any detrimental morphologic effects. Sample immunostains on renal tissue showed preservation of normal reactivity. Complete reconstructions of 1-mm cubic samples elucidated 3-dimensional architectural organization.

Conclusions.—Multiphoton microscopy on cleared, unembedded, uncut biopsy specimens shows potential as a practical clinical tool with significant advantages over traditional histology while maintaining compatibility with gold standard techniques. Further investigation to address remaining implementation barriers is warranted.
Round 1 LT2ESWTR Cryptosporidium Monitoring Results
Authors: Obolensky Alexa , Hotaling Michael
Published: July 2013

Cryptosporidium data from the first round of source water monitoring under the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule were analyzed and evaluated. This rule, promulgated in 2006, requires public water systems treating surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water (GWUDI) to conduct two rounds of source water monitoring and on the basis of the results to implement treatment addressing public health risk from Cryptosporidium. This article summarizes data‐cleaning efforts, sampling and analytical results, binning outcomes, oocyst recovery, and relationships between Cryptosporidium and Escherichia coli measurements. The data indicate that 7% of large systems must implement additional treatment. Small system estimates are unreliable because the data represent only 3% of applicable systems. In aggregate, Cryptosporidium occurrence was higher in flowing stream–type surface water sources compared with reservoir/lake‐type surface water sources or GWUDI supplies.
Detrimental Effects of Neem Seed on Different Life Stages of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Syeda Azra Tariq  , Muhammad Farhanullah Khan  , Habibullah Rana
Published: July 2013

Fine Neem Seed Powder (NSP) was tested in three dozes, viz. 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% (w/w) for determination of its toxicity and detrimental effects on life stages of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Fifty gram treated and untreated (control) wheat was kept in glass jars and 10 pairs of the beetles were released in each. Mortality count was made after 72 hours. LD50 calculated as 1.841% NSP in wheat (w/w). NSP served as an Insect Growth Regulator (IGR). It was observed that at 0.5% dose, the number of larvae was not very different to control but the weight of larvae was lesser. At 1.0% dose, the number and weight of larvae were significantly reduced. At 2.0% dose, both the number and weight of larvae, pupae and adults were reduced remarkably. The insect growth inhibition was increased by increasing the dose of NSP.
Fungal effector Ecp6 outcompetes host immune receptor for chitin binding through intrachain LysM dimerization
Authors: Sánchez-Vallet Andrea , Saleem-Batcha Raspudin , Kombrink Anja , Hansen Guido , Valkenburg Dirk-Jan , Thomma Bart PHJ , Mesters Jeroen R
Published: July 2013

While host immune receptors detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns to activate immunity, pathogens attempt to deregulate host immunity through secreted effectors. Fungi employ LysM effectors to prevent recognition of cell wall-derived chitin by host immune receptors, although the mechanism to compete for chitin binding remained unclear. Structural analysis of the LysM effector Ecp6 of the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum reveals a novel mechanism for chitin binding, mediated by intrachain LysM dimerization, leading to a chitin-binding groove that is deeply buried in the effector protein. This composite binding site involves two of the three LysMs of Ecp6 and mediates chitin binding with ultra-high (pM) affinity. Intriguingly, the remaining singular LysM domain of Ecp6 binds chitin with low micromolar affinity but can nevertheless still perturb chitin-triggered immunity. Conceivably, the perturbation by this LysM domain is not established through chitin sequestration but possibly through interference with the host immune receptor complex.
Getting to grips with ammonium
Authors: Wang Yi , Javitch Jonathan A
Published: July 2013

A fluorescent sensor that can monitor levels of extracellular ammonium has been made by using a fused green fluorescent protein to detect conformational changes in ammonium transport proteins.
Making science count in government
Authors: Boyd Ian
Published: July 2013

Science is an essential component of policy-making in most areas of government, but the scientific community does not always understand its role in this process.
Spatial Control of Condensation and Freezing on Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Hydrophilic Patches
Authors: Mishchenko Lidiya , Khan Mughees , Aizenberg Joanna , Hatton Benjamin D.
Published: July 2013

Certain natural organisms use micro‐patterned surface chemistry, or ice‐nucleating species, to control water condensation and ice nucleation for survival under extreme conditions. As an analogy to these biological approaches, it is shown that functionalized, hydrophilic polymers and particles deposited on the tips of superhydrophobic posts induce precise topographical control over water condensation and freezing at the micrometer scale. A bottom‐up deposition process is used to take advantage of the limited contact area of a non‐wetting aqueous solution on a superhydrophobic surface. Hydrophilic polymer deposition on the tips of these geometrical structures allows spatial control over the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of micrometer‐scale water droplets. The hydrophilic tips nucleate water droplets with extremely uniform nucleation and growth rates, uniform sizes, an increased stability against coalescence, and asymmetric droplet morphologies. Control of freezing behavior is also demonstrated via deposition of ice‐nucleating AgI nanoparticles on the tips of these structures. This combination of the hydrophilic polymer and AgI particles on the tips was used to achieve templating of ice nucleation at the micrometer scale. Preliminary results indicate that control over ice crystal size, spatial symmetry, and position might be possible with this method. This type of approach can serve as a platform for systematically analyzing micrometer‐scale condensation and freezing phenomena, and as a model for natural systems.
Structure‐Controlled, Vertical Graphene‐Based, Binder‐Free Electrodes from Plasma‐Reformed Butter Enhance Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Seo Dong Han , Han Zhao Jun , Kumar Shailesh , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: July 2013

Vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNS) hold great promise for high‐performance supercapacitors owing to their excellent electrical transport property, large surface area and in particular, an inherent three‐dimensional, open network structure. However, it remains challenging to materialise the VGNS‐based supercapacitors due to their poor specific capacitance, high temperature processing, poor binding to electrode support materials, uncontrollable microstructure, and non‐cost effective way of fabrication. Here we use a single‐step, fast, scalable, and environmentally‐benign plasma‐enabled method to fabricate VGNS using cheap and spreadable natural fatty precursor butter, and demonstrate the controllability over the degree of graphitization and the density of VGNS edge planes. Our VGNS employed as binder‐free supercapacitor electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance up to 230 F g−1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 and >99% capacitance retention after 1,500 charge‐discharge cycles at a high current density, when the optimum combination of graphitic structure and edge plane effects is utilised. The energy storage performance can be further enhanced by forming stable hybrid MnO2/VGNS nano‐architectures which synergistically combine the advantages from both VGNS and MnO2. This deterministic and plasma‐unique way of fabricating VGNS may open a new avenue for producing functional nanomaterials for advanced energy storage devices.