bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the physical healthcare gap among patients with severe mental illness: large real-world investigation from Italy
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Valsassina Valeria , Lora Antonio
Published: September 2021

Background

One critical barrier to the uptake of mental health programmes is the so-called physical healthcare gap, a concern raised by the unattended physical comorbidity and early mortality of persons with severe mental illness.

Aims

To evaluate the extension of physical healthcare gap among persons with severe mental illness under chronic drug therapies.

Method

A population-based cohort study was carried out, using Lombardy healthcare utilisation databases. Prevalent patients treated with blood pressure-, lipid- or glucose-lowering agents were identified in January 2017. Among these, those who were receiving care for depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or personality disorder formed the study cohort. A reference cohort was randomly selected from prevalent patients treated with chronic therapies without signs of severe mental disorders, to be matched with study cohort members for gender, age and number of previous contacts with the National Health System. One-year adherence to healthcare was measured through the proportion of days covered (drug adherence), and exposure to selected recommendations (clinical control adherence).

Results

The 55 162 patients with severe mental illness were less likely to have high adherence to blood pressure-lowering, lipid-lowering or antidiabetic agents than the reference cohort by −24% (95% CI −26 to −22%), −10% (95% CI −14 to −6%) and −25% (95% CI −29 to −21%), respectively. The 9250 patients with diabetes and severe mental illness had −18% (95% CI −22% to −13%) reduced likelihood to meet recommendations for the clinical management of diabetes, compared with the reference cohort.

Conclusions

Adherence to chronic drug therapies was sensibly worse among patients living with mental illness than those without signs of mental disorders.
Non-Invasive measurement of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen using MRI in rodents
Authors: Wood Tobias C , Cash Diana , MacNicol Eilidh , Simmons Camilla , Kim Eugene , Lythgoe David J , Zelaya Fernando , Turkheimer Federico
Published: September 2021

Malfunctions of oxygen metabolism are suspected to play a key role in a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but this hypothesis cannot be properly investigated without an in-vivo non-invasive measurement of brain oxygen consumption. We present a new way to measure the Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen (CMRO2) by combining two existing magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely arterial spin-labelling and oxygen extraction fraction mapping. This method was validated by imaging rats under different anaesthetic regimes and was strongly correlated to glucose consumption measured by autoradiography.
Serial interval of COVID-19 and the effect of Variant B.1.1.7: analyses from prospective community cohort study (Virus Watch)
Authors: Geismar Cyril , Fragaszy Ellen , Nguyen Vincent , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Shrotri Madhumita , Beale Sarah , Rodger Alison , Lampos Vasileios , Byrne Thomas , Kovar Jana , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Patel Parth , Aldridge Robert W , Hayward Andrew ,   on behalf of Virus Watch Collaborative
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Increased transmissibility of B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) in the UK may explain its rapid emergence and global spread. We analysed data from putative household infector - infectee pairs in the Virus Watch Community cohort study to assess the serial interval of COVID-19 and whether this was affected by emergence of the B.1.1.7 variant.

Methods: The Virus Watch study is an online, prospective, community cohort study following up entire households in England and Wales during the COVID-19 pandemic. Putative household infector-infectee pairs were identified where more than one person in the household had a positive swab matched to an illness episode. Data on whether or not individual infections were caused by the B.1.1.7 variant were not available. We therefore developed a classification system based on the percentage of cases estimated to be due to B.1.1.7 in national surveillance data for different English regions and study weeks.

Results: Out of 24,887 illnesses reported, 915 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 186 likely ‘infector-infectee’ pairs in 186 households amongst 372 individuals were identified. The mean COVID-19 serial interval was 3.18 (95%CI: 2.55 - 3.81) days. There was no significant difference (p=0.267) between the mean serial interval for VOC hotspots (mean = 3.64 days, (95%CI: 2.55 – 4.73)) days and non-VOC hotspots, (mean = 2.72 days, (95%CI: 1.48 – 3.96)).

Conclusions: Our estimates of the average serial interval of COVID-19 are broadly similar to estimates from previous studies and we find no evidence that B.1.1.7 is associated with a change in serial intervals.  Alternative explanations such as increased viral load, longer period of viral shedding or improved receptor binding may instead explain the increased transmissibility and rapid spread and should undergo further investigation.
The Effects of Sister-Store Presence and Market Competition on Product Assortment: Evidence from Book Retailing
Authors: Chen Tao , Jeffrey Hu Yu , Rahman Mohammad , Sun Jiong
Published: September 2021

When consumers’ preferred products are not carried by the retail chain store they visit, they may switch to purchasing these products from nearby sister stores of the same chain or from nearby competing stores. Such within- and across-chain substitution effects are enhanced as store-level product assortment information becomes increasingly available to consumers. It is important for scholars and practitioners to understand the effect of sister-store presence and market competition on retail product assortment strategies. In this paper, we obtain store-level product assortment data from a nationwide bookstore chain and study how sister-store presence and market competition can have an impact on the retail chain’s product assortment. In addition, we explore how this impact differs for niche and popular products. Our results show that having at least one sister store nearby reduces product assortment and such effects are stronger for niche products although having a competing store nearby increases product assortment and such effects are stronger for popular products.
The reliability of the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System in children: An international validation study
Authors: Mo Andrew Z. , Miller Patricia E. , Pizones Javier , Helenius Ilkka , Ruf Michael , El-Hawary Ron , de Oliveira Rafael Garcia , Ovadia Dror , Kawakami Noriaki , Crawford Haemish , Odent Thierry , Yazici Muharrem , Johnson Michael B. , Miyanji Firoz , Hedequist Daniel J.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System and if it is reliable and reproducible when applied to the paediatric population globally.

Methods

A total of 12 paediatric orthopaedic surgeons were asked to review MRI and CT imaging of 25 paediatric patients with thoracolumbar spine traumatic injuries, in order to determine the classification of the lesions observed. The evaluators classified injuries into primary categories: A, B and C. Interobserver reliability was assessed for the initial reading by Fleiss's kappa coefficient (kF) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For A and B type injuries, sub-classification was conducted including A0-A4 and B1-B2 subtypes. Interobserver reliability across subclasses was assessed using Krippendorff's alpha (αk) along with bootstrapped 95% CIs. A second round of classification was performed one-month later. Intraobserver reproducibility was assessed for the primary classifications using Fleiss's kappa and sub-classification reproducibility was assessed by Krippendorff's alpha (αk) along with 95% CIs.

Results

In total, 25 cases were read for a total of 300 initial and 300 repeated evaluations. Adjusted interobserver reliability was almost perfect (kF = 0.74; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78) across all observers. Sub-classification reliability was substantial (αk= 0.67; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.81), Adjusted intraobserver reproducibility was almost perfect (kF = 0.91; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.99) for both primary classifications and for sub-classifications (αk = 0.88; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93).

Conclusion

The inter- and intraobserver reliability for the AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System was high amongst paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. The AOSpine Thoracolumbar Spine Injury Classification System is a promising option as a uniform fracture classification in children.

Level of Evidence

III
Trade unions and economic inequality
Authors: Hayes Lydia , Novitz Tonia , Ewing Keith , Hendy John
Published: September 2021

.
Electrically active and thermally passive liquid-crystal device toward smart glass
Authors: Sung Guan-Fu , Wu Po-Chang , Zyryanov Victor Ya. , Lee Wei
Published: September 2021

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are an important soft material for display and sensing technologies due to their unique optical and thermal properties, which are susceptible to external perturbations such as the electric field and temperature variation. The typically periodic structure of a CLC with a twist between molecular layers permits its chiral photonic crystallinity and the resulting selective reflection of a bandwidth in the otherwise generally high transmission spectrum of incident light. Here we report on a novel dual-mode CLC device as smart glass that enables the transparency to be self-adaptive to temperature and is simultaneously characterized by a fully on-demand, electrically controlled function, allowing users to regulate the suitable or desired extent of transparency in accordance with their living climate zones or personal needs. The working principle is based on the controllable strength of voltage-induced electrohydrodynamic flow, generating temperature-dependent dynamic scattering for passive control. Moreover, the transmission can be reversibly modulated and switched by applied AC voltage for active control between the transparent and opaque states. As a proof of concept, the characteristic Bragg reflection can be designed to sit in the near-infrared region to partially block unwanted thermal radiation in the optically transparent state.
Palimpsests and urban pasts: The janus-faced nature of whitechapel
Authors: Flint Ashery Shlomit , Stadler Nurit
Published: September 2021

This article examines how palimpsests in city spaces are mediated and negotiated by pedestrians’ individual everyday experiences. The literature on city spaces and palimpsests is rich; however, it has not examined the sharing and fusing of palimpsests into everyday life. To fill this lacuna, we explore how pedestrians mediate the physical path of the parcellations and the layers of meanings accrued over the years. We describe what we term the “Janus face of Whitechapel Road” that characterizes the multidimensional and ever-changing face of London as a world city. We look at the different traffic hinges distributed throughout the urban setting and track people as they encounter these historical and aesthetic landmarks. The experience of London’s palimpsests is an exemplar of this Janus’s face, governed by transitions, time, duality, and passages.
Vaccinia virus-based vaccines confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Syrian hamsters
Authors: Kulkarni Rakesh , Chen Wen-Ching , Lee Ying , Kao Chi-Fei , Hu Shiu-Lok , Ma Hsiu-Hua , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Liao Chun-Che , Liang Jian-Jong , Ko Hui-Ying , Sun Cheng-Pu , Lin Yin-Shoiou , Wang Yu-Chiuan , Wei Sung-Chan , Lin Yi-Ling , Ma Che , Chao Yu-Chan , Chou Yu-Chi , Chang Wen
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 in humans is caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the beta family of coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness in 10–15% of infected individuals and mortality in 2–3%. Vaccines are urgently needed to prevent infection and to contain viral spread. Although several mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines are highly effective, their dependence on the “cold chain” transportation makes global vaccination a difficult task. In this context, a stable lyophilized vaccine may present certain advantages. Accordingly, establishing additional vaccine platforms remains vital to tackle SARS-CoV-2 and any future variants that may arise. Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been used to eradicate smallpox disease, and several attenuated viral strains with enhanced safety for human applications have been developed. We have generated two candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on two vaccinia viral strains, MVA and v-NY, that express full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Whereas MVA is growth-restricted in mammalian cells, the v-NY strain is replication-competent. We demonstrate that both candidate recombinant vaccines induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in C57BL/6 mice vaccinated according to prime-boost regimens. Furthermore, our vaccination regimens generated TH1-biased immune responses in mice. Most importantly, prime-boost vaccination of a Syrian hamster infection model with MVA-S and v-NY-S protected the hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting that these two vaccines are promising candidates for future development. Finally, our vaccination regimens generated neutralizing antibodies that partially cross-neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
The perceived risk of being infected at work: An application of the job demands–resources model to workplace safety during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Falco Alessandra , Girardi Damiano , Dal Corso Laura , Yıldırım Murat , Converso Daniela
Published: September 2021

Safety at work, both physical and psychological, plays a central role for workers and organizations during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19. Building on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model applied to safety at work, in this study we proposed that the perceived risk of being infected with COVID-19 at work can be conceptualized as a job demand (i.e., a risk factor for work-related stress), whereas those characteristics of the job (physical and psychosocial) that help workers to reduce or manage this risk can be conceived as job resources (i.e., protective factors). We hypothesized that the perceived risk of being infected at work is positively associated with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, we hypothesized that job resources, in terms of safety systems, communication, decision-making, situational awareness, fatigue management, and participation in decision-making, are negatively associated with emotional exhaustion. We also hypothesized that job resources buffer the association between perceived risk and emotional exhaustion. Overall, 358 workers (meanage= 36.3±12.2 years) completed a self-report questionnaire, and the hypothesized relationships were tested using moderated multiple regression. Results largely supported our predictions. The perceived risk of being infected at work was positively associated with emotional exhaustion, whereas all the job resources were negatively associated with it. Furthermore, safety systems, communication, decision-making, and participation in decision-making buffered the relationship between the perceived risk of being infected at work and emotional exhaustion. In a perspective of prevention and health promotion, this study suggested that organizations should reduce the potential risk of being infected at work, whenever possible. At same time, those characteristics of the job that can help workers to reduce or manage the risk of infection should be strengthened.
Entamoeba histolytica activation of caspase-1 degrades cullin that attenuates NF-κB dependent signaling from macrophages
Authors: Chadha Attinder , Moreau France , Wang Shanshan , Dufour Antoine , Chadee Kris
Published: September 2021

WhileEntamoeba histolytica(Eh)-induced pro-inflammatory responses are critical in disease pathogenesis, the downstream signaling pathways that subsequently dampens inflammation and the immune response remains unclear.Ehin contact with macrophages suppresses NF-κB signaling while favoring NLRP3-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production by an unknown mechanism. Cullin-1 and cullin-5 (cullin-1/5) assembled into a multi-subunit RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex are substrates for neddylation that regulates the ubiquitination pathway important in NF-κB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we showed that upon liveEhcontact with human macrophages, cullin-1/4A/4B/5 but not cullin-2/3, were degraded within 10 minutes. Similar degradation of cullin-1/5 were observed from colonic epithelial cells and proximal colonic loops tissues of mice inoculated with liveEh. Degradation of cullin-1/5 was dependent onEh-induced activation of caspase-1 via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Unlike cullin-4B, the degradation of cullin-4A was partially dependent on caspase-1 and was inhibited with a pan caspase inhibitor. Cullin-1/5 degradation was dependent onEhcysteine proteinasesEhCP-A1 andEhCP-A4, but notEhCP-A5, based on pharmacological inhibition of the cysteine proteinases andEhCP-A5 deficient parasites. siRNA silencing ofcullin-1/5 decreased the phosphorylation of pIκ-Bα in response toEhand LPS stimulation and downregulated NF-κB-dependent TNF-α mRNA expression and TNF-α and MCP-1 pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These results unravel a unique outside-in strategy employed byEhto attenuate NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory responses via NLRP3 activation of caspase-1 that degraded cullin-1/5 from macrophages.
Archiving Metaxourgio
Authors: Kordonouri Thomais
Published: September 2021

‘Archive’ is a totality of records, layers and memories that are collected. A city is the archive that consists of the conscious selection of these layers and traces of the past and the present, looking towards the future. Metaxourgio is an area in the wider historic urban area of Keramikos in Athens that includes traces of various eras, beginning in the Antiquity and continuing all the way into the 21st century. Its archaeological space ‘Demosion Sema’ is mostly concealed under the ground level, waiting to be revealed. In this proposal, Metaxourgio is redesigned in light of archiving. Significant traces of the Antiquity, other ruins and buildings are studied, selected and incorporated in the new interventions. The area becomes the ‘open archive’ that leads towards its lost identity. The proposal aims not only to intensify the relationship of architecture with archaeology, but also to imbue the area’s identity with meanings that refer to the past, present and future.
Architectural "Constants" from Toni Gironès
Authors: Correia Luís Miguel , Coelho Carolina
Published: September 2021

The presence of Mankind on Earth is marked by the continuous conquest of space. The ground we walk on has long witnessed our passage or permanence in certain places. Hence it is on that ground that we encounter the traces of those who preceded us and where, at the same time, we build contemporary projects. Caring for the place we inhabit implies acknowledging these time frames. Architecture mediates them in the present, providing them with a renewed condition of habitability. This can be perceived in the work of Catalan architect Toni Gironès, particularly in the context of archaeological remains. Using his lesson of the constants as a starting point, potentially in parallel with Fernando Távora, this paper uses these as mechanisms for triggering sensorial experience, also drawing on Peter Zumthor and Luis Barragán. Then, through the memory(ies) of the ruins of Vilassar de Dalt and Seró, the place is considered here as a means of enabling individual perception and collective, perhaps even global, identity. Finally, some questions are put forward to problematise Toni Gironès’s habitability over the porosity of time, associating past memories, present experience and the unknown future.
Cultivating Archaeological Landscape
Authors: Guideri Silvia , Matteini Tessa
Published: September 2021

The paper proposes an interdisciplinary exploration in order to define a set of strategies and tools oriented at planning/design/management of archaeological landscapes, especially featured by productive layers.
The article adopts as a key dimension the “cultivating” approach, which can become a fertile ground for experimentation for developing sustainable and innovative planning methodologies to be applied in layered landscapes. In an extended semantic dimension, the term cultivation can be interpreted as a continuous attitude of taking care of (archaeological) places over time, to preserve and regenerate resources for the future in a holistic vision, also considering economic sustainability and liveability for inhabitants and local fauna. The cultivating approach can preserve heritage places by an active and inventive conservation, also fostering biodiversity and temporal diversity. As a case study, the article proposes the Landscape Masterplan for the Baratti and Populonia Archaeological Park.
Synchronous Worlds
Authors: Zaffora Flavia
Published: September 2021

In the Mediterranean basin, the archaeological presence is extremely relevant and diffuse. Together with this is a difficult intertwining with contemporary urban settlements, which archaeology, by tradition, has to be protected from. If conservation is the goal of restoration, the problem of the cohabitation between past and present use is still an issue. This paper will focus on the project of enhancement of the archaeological park of the Greek colony of Naxos, near Messina, in Sicily, led by the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo in cooperation with the administrative head of the park. At the crossroads between the sea, the highway, a lemon orchard and the city of Giardini Naxos, the ancient Greek settlement could be an example of coexistence of the different layers composing the landscape, with the aim of making history and archaeology come to life as synchronous components of the contemporary fruition of the place.
KAJIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN MANUSIA TERKAIT KONSUMSI MAKANAN LAUT (SEAFOOD) YANG TERCEMAR LOGAM
Authors: Purbonegoro Triyoni
Published: September 2021

Consuming contaminated seafood can be potentially harmful for human health, especially for coastal communities. For this reason, a health risk assessment is very important to determine the safe limit for consuming seafood. Several stages in this assessment are; (i) direct comparison with the standard/maximum limit of heavy metal concentration determined by each country or international organization, (ii) determination of the maximum amount of seafood that can be consumed by adults per week, (iii) determination of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), and (iv) determination of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of each metal and the Total Hazard Index (HI) for the combined metals.
Through Wall Imaging Radar Antenna with a Focus on Opening New Research Avenues
Authors: Raha Krishnendu , Ray K. P.
Published: September 2021

This review paper is an effort to develop insight into the development in antennas for through wall imaging radar application. Review on literature on antennas for use in through wall imaging radar, fulfilling one or more requirements/specifications such as ultrawide bandwidth, stable and high gain, stable unidirectional radiation pattern, wide scanning angle, compactness ensuring portability and facilitating real-time efficient and simple imaging is presented. The review covers variants of Vivaldi, Bow tie, Horn, Spiral, Patch and Magneto-electric dipole antennas demonstrated as suitable antennas for the through wall imaging radar application. With an aim to open new research avenues for making better through wall imaging radar antenna, review on relevant compressive reflector antennas, surface integrated waveguide antennas, plasma antennas, metamaterial antennas and single frequency dynamically configurable meta-surface antennas are incorporated. The review paper brings out possibilities of designing an optimum through wall imaging radar antenna and prospects of future research on the antenna to improve radiation pattern and facilitate overall simple and efficient imaging by the through wall imaging radar.
Effect of Organo Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical Properties Thermal Stability and Ablative Rate of Carbon fiber Polybenzoxazine Resin Composites
Authors: Rao Golla Rama , Srikanth Ivaturi , Reddy K. Laxma
Published: September 2021

Organo-Montmorillonite (o-MMT) nanoclay added polybenzoxazine resin (type I composites) were prepared with varying amounts of clay (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 wt %). Clay dispersion, changes in curing behaviour and thermal stability were assessed in type I composites. Findings from these studies of type I composites were used to understand thermal stability, mechanical, and mass ablation rate behaviour of nanoclay added carbon fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine composites (type II). Interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength of type II composites increase by 25% and 27%, respectively at 2 wt% addition of clay. An oxy-acetylene torch test with a constant heat flux of 125 w/cm2 was used to investigate mass ablation rate of type II composites. The ablation rate has increased as the weight percentage of clay has increased. This is contradicting to type I composites with up to 6 wt% clay and type II composites with up to 4 wt% clay, which have improved thermal stability. The microstructure of the ablated composites was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Increased ablation rates are due to the reaction of charred matrix with nanoclay, which exposes bare fibers to the ablation front, resulting in higher mechanical erosion losses.
Reconciliación: pluralidades en la construcción de paz
Authors: Suarez Puentes Karin Viviana
Published: September 2021

Colombia, en las últimas décadas ha atravesado por un proceso largo y complejo con miras a la desmovilización de los grupos armados, siendo la meta, quizá más importante, que las personas desmovilizadas logren la reincorporación total a la vida civil en todas sus esferas y así llegar a la anhelada reconciliación con ellos mismos, con la comunidad y con el Estado. En línea con lo anterior, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar un recorrido documental sobre los diferentes conceptos y comprensiones asociados a la reconciliación, y cómo esta se constituye en un insumo clave que aporta a la construcción de Paz, no sin antes aclarar algunos elementos teóricos, en el marco del Desarme, Desmovilización y la Reintegración (DDR) ampliando el punto de referencia.
Collocation and Constitution
Authors: Ruben David-Hillel
Published: September 2021

Many philosophers accept the view that, when one object constitutes a second (say a tree and an aggregate of wood molecules), the two objects can be entirely in the same place at the same time (collocated). But what of two objects such that neither constitutes the other (a non-constituting pair)? Can they be collocated? If there can be such a pair of objects, they would have to share the same material constituents. To show that there are two collocated objects and not just one object at a specific time and place, one has to show that one of the objects has some property that the other fails to have. I claim that the properties I use in my example are legitimate substitution instances in the Law of the Indiscernibility of Identicals. I offer a metaphysically possible example that illustrates such collocation, a possible case from ‘raw nature’, two trees.
Crystal structure of (3E,5E)-1-(4-cyanobenzenesulfonyl)-3,5-bis(3-fluorobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one-dichloromethane (1/1), C27H20Cl2F2N2O3S
Authors: Gao Zhong-Fei , Wang Lei , Hou Gui-Ge , Wang Chun-Hua
Published: September 2021

C27H20Cl2F2N2O3S, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.7887(4) Å, b = 11.2517(6) Å, c = 13.7609(7) Å, α = 74.962(4)°, β = 81.084(4)°, γ = 71.259(4)°, V = 1240.68(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0582, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1543, T = 100.0(1) K.
Task- and Intensity-Dependent Modulation of Arm-Trunk Neural Interactions in the Corticospinal Pathway in Humans
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Kaneko Naotsugu , Masugi Yohei , Kato Tatsuya , Milosevic Matija , Nakazawa Kimitaka
Published: September 2021

Most human movements require coordinated activation of multiple muscles. Although many studies reported associations between arm, leg, and trunk muscles during functional tasks, their neural interaction mechanisms still remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate arm-trunk or arm-leg neural interactions in the corticospinal tract during different arm muscle contractions. Specifically, we examined corticospinal excitability of the erector spinae (ES; trunk extensor), rectus abdominis (RA; trunk flexor), and tibialis anterior (TA; leg) muscles while participants exerted: (1) wrist flexion and (2) wrist extension isometric contraction at various contraction intensity levels ranging from rest to 50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) effort. Corticospinal excitability was assessed using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited through motor cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Results showed that ES MEPs were facilitated even at low contractions (>5% MVC) during wrist flexion and extension, while stronger contractions (>25% MVC) were required to facilitate RA MEPs. The extent of facilitation of ES MEPs depended on contraction intensity of wrist extension, but not flexion. Moreover, TA MEPs were facilitated at low contractions (>5% MVC) during wrist flexion and extension, but contraction intensity dependence was only shown during stronger wrist extension contractions (>25% MVC). In conclusion, trunk extensor corticospinal excitability seems to depend on the task and the intensity of arm contraction, while this is not true for trunk flexor and leg muscles. Our study therefore demonstrated task- and intensity-dependent neural interactions of arm-trunk connections, which may underlie anatomic and/or functional substrates of these muscle pairs.
Hydrogen-rich syngas production via catalytic gasification of biomass using Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst
Authors: Shang Shuang , Qin Zhenhua , Lan Kui , Wang Yan , Zhang Juanjuan , Xiong Tao , He Weitao , Li Jianfen
Published: September 2021

A Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst supported on Zr-metal organic framework (Zr-MOF) was prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method and was used in the co-gasification of wet sludge and straw. The Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst was characterized via thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyses. The experimental results illustrated that the Zr-MOF crystals were an octahedral structure with a specific surface area of 806 m2/g, and had mesoporous structure. Nickel was uniformly dispersed on the surface of the catalyst, and most of the Ni/Zr-MOF crystals maintained an octahedral morphology. Compared with non-catalyst biomass gasification, the H2 yield increased from 0.39 mol/kg to 11.87 mol/kg using the Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst at 500 °C. After 10 instances of reuse, the H2 yield was still as high as 10.11 mol/kg. The Ni/Zr-MOF catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for biomass gasification at low-temperature.
Natural weathering’s effect on mechanical properties of short cycle coconut trunk lumber impregnated using kraft black liquor
Authors: Dungani Rudi , Karliati Tati , Hadiyane Anne , Tanaka Takashi , Yamada Masaaki , Hartati Sri , Dewi Mustika , Malik Jamaludin
Published: September 2021

The weathering resistance properties of short cycle coconut trunk lumber (SC-CTL) were evaluated in response to impregnation using kraft black liquor (BL) and black liquor/phenol formaldehyde (BL/PF) resin. Concentrations of 10, 15, 20, and 25% w/w kraft BL and PF resin with BL were impregnated into SC-CTL using a vacuum-pressure method. Natural weathering tests lasting 6 and 12 months were performed according to ASTM D1435 (1999). After the prescribed testing period, samples were analyzed for their morphological changes via FT-IR and SEM. Mechanical tests were conducted to analyze changes caused by natural weathering in impregnated SC-CTL. The results showed that BL with PF resin impregnation into SC-CTL improved the resistance against natural weathering. The SEM study confirmed that fungi could not colonize the treated samples. The results also suggested that addition of 20% BL in PF resin was sufficient to inhibit weathering. Thus, it was concluded that impregnation of PF resin with BL is a good method to improve the mechanical properties of SC-CTL.
Regularization methods for ill-posed problems of general physics
Authors: Starkov Vyacheslav
Published: September 2021

On the example of a specific physical problem of noise reduction associated with losses, dark counts, and background radiation, a summary of methods for regularizing ill-posed problems is given in the statistics of photocounts of quantum light. The mathematical formulation of the problem is presented by an operator equation of the first kind. The operator is generated by a matrix with countable elements. In the sense of Hadamard, the problem of reconstructing the number of photons of quantum light is due to the compactness of the operator of the mathematical model. A rigorous definition of a regularizing operator (regularizer) is given. The problem of stable approximation to the exact solution of the operator equation with inaccurately given initial data can be overcome by one of the most well-known regularization methods, the theoretical foundations of which were laid in the works of A.N. Tikhonov. The selection of an important class of regularizing algorithms is based on the construction of a parametric family of functions that are Borel measurable on the semiaxis and satisfy some additional conditions. The set of regularizers in this family includes most of the known regularization methods. The main ones are given in the work.
Optimization model in the flexible manufacture
Authors: Stolyarenko Nataliya
Published: September 2021

Flexible manufacturing shop is examined. Multilevel control system of the shop is built. The demands to the system construction are listed. The existing input information is insufficient for building of the inventory model, for choice and realization of the optimal model of the manufacture. By this reason the situation of the uncertainties is arise. For the purpose to find needed data and to receive necessary knowledge the following intelligence procedures are suggested: ”Pendulum” – for stock foundation and for construction of the inventory model, “Symmetry in the arithmetical progression” – to define the values of the coefficients with unknown quantities in the aim function of the optimal task. With the help of the procedure “Pendulum” the equal corteges of the quantum of time are building. Cortege of the quantum of time is the unit of the stock and the direction for selection of the kind of the optimization model. The optimization model of location is suggested to use. Building of the indicated models (they are small dimension and equal dimension) give the opportunity to organize the parallel calculations.
Multi-bit subtraction operation in a parallel computational model
Authors: Tereshchenko Andrii
Published: September 2021

The paper proposes a new method for implementing the parallel multidigit subtraction. The paper provides an analysis on the basis of which it is possible to predict carry signs between words and between groups of words into which multidigit numbers are split on the substracting. The analysis is presented in the form of a lemma. The paper presents an iterative bitwise operation for correcting carry signs for each word in a group of words. An algorithm for implementation the substraction operation using k processors is proposed.
Differential-difference method with approximation of the inverse operator
Authors: Shakhno Stepan , Yarmola Halyna
Published: September 2021

The problem of finding an approximate solution of a nonlinear equation with operator decomposition is considered. For equations of this type, a nonlinear operator can be represented as the sum of two operators – differentiable and nondifferentiable. For numerical solving such an equation, a differential-difference method, which contains the sum of the derivative of the differentiable part and the divided difference of the nondifferentiable part of the nonlinear operator, is proposed. Also, the proposed iterative process does not require finding the inverse operator. Instead of inverting the operator, its one-step approximation is used. The analysis of the local convergence of the method under the Lipschitz condition for the first-order divided differences and the bounded second derivative is carried out and the order of convergence is established.
Complexity theory and the historical study of religion
Authors: Silva Thales
Published: September 2021

This article advocates for a set of recent transdisciplinary options for the History of Religion, combining methods from the Natural and Human Sciences, through a special focus on the study of so-called “complex systems”. We elucidate their theoretical bases and limitations while assuming a pragmatic positioning between a defense of the historical-scientific study of religion and the promotion of groundbreaking methodological outlooks emerging from the Digital Humanities. From this background, throughout the text, we argue for a complementation of historiographical “close reading” with both “distant reading” techniques and interdisciplinary research, using computer-based methods and a diversity of formal modeling techniques. In short, we conclude that such methods offer novel ways for data representation and are best understood not only as creative schemes for solving issues in historiography, but also as a springboard for new inquiries arising from the transdisciplinarity between the Humanities and the Natural Sciences.
Inovação “historiográfica” antes da história-disciplina
Authors: Della Valle Franco
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa a produção de uma novidade em escritos sobre a história nos anos 1920, ou seja, antes da criação de faculdades de História no Brasil e posterior profissionalização dos historiadores. O objetivo é mostrar que a categorização das obras em uma genealogia de teorias, métodos e autores normalmente tidos como historiadores (de ofício ou não) e que hoje compõem uma visão de “evolução” da disciplina é insuficiente para abarcar as complexidades envolvidas na eleição de uma obra como novidade. Dessa forma, tomou-se como fio condutor o livro Vida e morte do bandeirante, de José de Alcântara Machado de Oliveira (1875-1941), publicado em 1929, e sua relação com outros autores que escreviam sobre a mesma temática no mesmo período. Ao se cotejar esses autores “em uma concorrência”, analisar as críticas de recepção da obra e relacioná-la com outros livros sobre o passado paulista, pode-se compreender que a novidade se expressou mais pela forma da escrita, pela aproximação a uma tendência já existente de relatos de curiosidades sobre o passado e pela relação com o direito, do que pelo apego a métodos historiográficos ou distanciamento deles. Trazer tudo isso para o debate permite, assim, compreender melhor as relações estabelecidas entre autor, obra, seus leitores e o espaço intelectual paulista dos anos 1920.
“Do ponto de vista dos nossos Annales”
Authors: Osés Mariana Ladeira
Published: September 2021

Neste artigo, propõe-se investigar a inserção da revista dos Annales, em suas décadas iniciais, na área nascente da história econômica e social, sublinhando-se as especificidades da intervenção do periódico nesse domínio disciplinar em vias de consolidação. Argumenta-se que, apesar de as ideias que veiculam não serem, em 1929, inéditas, Marc Bloch e Lucien Febvre logram, nas páginas da revista, produzir um modo de enunciação distinto de sua especialidade disciplinar, que se demonstraria mais eficaz do que os projetos concorrentes propostos por nomes destacados como Henri Sée e Henri Hauser. Para isso, procede-se tanto à exposição dessas propostas concorrentes quanto à análise verticalizada dos usos feitos, na seção crítica dos Annales d’Histoire Économique et Sociale, do rótulo “histórica econômica e social”. Busca-se, assim, investigar as especificidades desses usos, articulando-as às condições objetivas de sua formulação e avaliando seus efeitos na disputa dessa especialidade por protagonismo no seio da disciplina histórica.
MUSICALIZAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: UM OLHAR PARA ALÉM DO ENTRETENIMENTO
Authors: Rocha Luiz Renato da Silva , Marques Claudia de Araújo
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo reflete sobre a importância da musicalização atuando sobre os aspectos cognitivo, social, afetivo e motor na Educação infantil e o importante papel do professor na condução dessas atividades, bem como, tratar da formação de professores em relação à arte, uma vez que é através dela que se configuram aspectos que constroem a concepção de arte e como diferentes manifestações artísticas dos docentes e essa concepção norteará sua práxis. Discutir também o percurso histórico da concepção de infância e o surgimento da educação infantil através de documentos de cunho educacional para que a mesma fosse reconhecida como parte da educação.Assim, deve-se também ofertar cursos de capacitação para docentes sobre musicalização e que atenda a arte, para que elas entendam e enxerguem a música como um poderoso recurso artístico,
Aplicaciones de conteo de calorías en pacientes con trastornos de conducta alimentaria.
Authors: Del Valle Cipatli Ayuzo , Elizondo-Galdeano Claudia , Rosiles Nidia Albelzy Martinez , Arreola Karina Aurora Ramírez , Lara Francisco J. Rodríguez
Published: September 2021

Los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) son enfermedades psiquiátricas con bases genéticas, metabólicas y neurológicas frecuentes en la población adolescente. Los adolescentes son los mayores usuarios de aplicaciones electrónicas en teléfonos inteligentes; existen aplicaciones de conteo de calorías que pudieran afectar el desarrollo de los TCA. Se realiza este estudio con el objetivo de conocer las aplicaciones utilizadas en una población de pacientes con TCA y su afección en el desarrollo de su enfermedad. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de Cohorte prospectivo en pacientes con Diagnóstico de TCA por los criterios del DSM V ;se aplicaron los cuestionarios EDE-Q y un cuestionario cualitativo sobre aplicaciones en teléfonos inteligentes en relación al conteo de calorías. Resultados: En nuestra población n=54 la edad promedio fue de 15.5 años (8-21) en su mayoría población femenina (92%), el TCA más frecuente fue anorexia (70.3%). La mayoría tenía descargada más de una aplicación. La aplicación de conteo de calorías más frecuentemente descargada fue MyFitnessPal seguido de Lifesum. Las participantes consideran que éstas aplicaciones contribuyeron al desarrollo de su enfermedad. Conclusión: El conocimiento del uso de aplicaciones de conteo de calorías  puede ayudar a los padres de familia a vigilar y supervisar su uso y a los profesionales de salud a poder interrogar su uso y abuso  y los efectos en población vulnerable a diagnosticar  un TCA.
Comparison of oxygen transfer efficiency using new types of baffle blocks
Authors: Aydoğdu Mahmut , Dursun O. Faruk
Published: September 2021

Oxygen is needed in water to maintain the natural ecological balance and the health of organisms. The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water can be increased naturally in different ways. In particular, some hydraulic structures are designed so reoxygenation of water occurs spontaneously over a short distance and in a short time. Baffled chutes are designed to dissipate the energy of flow in irrigation systems, wastewater systems and stormwater systems. Staggered baffle blocks placed in a chute channel not only dissipate the energy of the water but also allow free oxygen transition between the water–air surface by means of hydraulic jumps. While water flows over, between and around the blocks, air bubbles are entrained into the water. The entrained air bubbles in the flow start to dissolve within the chute and the DO concentration in the water thus increases. In this study, the amount of DO was determined for baffle blocks with six different geometric shapes, different flow discharges and angle variations (10° ≤ α ≤ 56°). The oxygen transfer efficiency of the new baffle blocks designed in this study was found to be very effective. Different block types were found to have greater oxygen transfer efficiency for chutes with different slopes.
A la sombra de los bárbaros: transformaciones sociales y procesos de delimitación moral en una ciudad de la Costa Atlántica bonaerense (Villa Gesell, 2007-2014)
Authors: Ramírez Casas Jimena
Published: September 2021

El flamante libro de Gabriel Noel condensa el trabajo de investigación empírica en un minucioso texto analítico. En él, no solo desentraña algunos de los procesos de transformación social de la ciudad balnearia de Villa Gesell —en el contexto de las transformaciones sociales de la Argentina reciente—, sino que es además un lúcido exponente del trabajo etnográfico.
Reliability of The Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Peak Force in Irish Schoolboy Rugby Players
Authors: O'Dowd-Hill Diarmuid , Browne Declan , Lodge Claire
Published: September 2021

Maximal strength is a key variable within youth rugby union and is therefore of merit when testing and monitoring youth rugby athletes (Darrall-Jones et al., 2015). The isometric mid-thigh pull peak force (IMTP PF) has been observed to be a reliable, valid, and safe means of assessing maximal strength in all previously researched cohorts (Brady et al., 2020, Drake et al., 2017). Although currently, there exists a distinct lack of literature with regards to the use of IMTP PF with non-elite youth athletes. The current study utilised self-selected body position with 84 non-elite schoolboy rugby union athletes (age, 14.7yr ±1.7yr; maturity offset, 0.9yr ±1.6yr; height, 170.6cm ±10.3cm; mass, 63.9kg ±14.8kg) The current study observed the IMTP PF to be a reliable measure of peak force both inter- and intra-day (Intra-day; CV% 3.3%; ICC 0.992; 95% CI 0.989 – 0.995; Inter-day; CV% = 5.1%; ICC 0.992; 95% CI 0.98 – 0.998). The IMTP PF is a safe and reliable measure of maximal strength in non-elite youth rugby athletes.
Book Review: Copyright for Schools: A Practical Guide, 6th Edition
Authors: Dickson Katherine
Published: September 2021

New for 2021 is the sixth edition of Copyright for Schools: A Practical Guide, by Carol Simpson and Sara E. Wolf. Ms. Simpson is an attorney and former professor of library and information science, with additional experience as a school librarian, teacher, and district library administrator. Ms. Wolf is a professor in Auburn University’s College of Education, with research interests in library media and technology and experience in institutional copyright policy development. The book is designed to address the copyright issues and questions that tend to arise for K-12 teachers, school librarians, and school administrators, though librarians in other contexts such as public libraries and higher education would likely find its contents useful too. The sixth edition updates previous editions by adding content on the copyright implications of streaming video services and cloud computing, issues related to disability, responding to cease-and-desist letters, openly licensed resources and Creative Commons licenses, and the implications of the Music Modernization Act. The latest edition of the book also contains a concordance (a table of legal citations and the principles for which they stand), and more robust legal citations than previous editions.
Total nucleic acid extraction -Maxwell(R) HT Environmental TNA Kit, custom (Promega) v4
Authors: Roguet Adélaïde
Published: September 2021

Total nucleic acid extraction from wastewater using Maxwell(R) HT Environmental TNA Kit, custom (Promega)
Transient Expression of Protein in Tobacco Leaves v1
Authors: not provided lilyli
Published: September 2021

This protocol described how to transient expression of protein in tobacco leaves.