bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural and Electrical Characterization of the Initial Stage of Physical Vapor Transport Growth of 4H-SiC Crystals
Authors: Takahashi Tatsuya , Ohshige Chikashi , Ohtani Noboru , Katsuno Masakazu , Fujimoto Tatsuo , Sato Shinya , Tsuge Hiroshi , Yano Takayuki , Matsuhata Hirofumi , Kitabatake Makoto
Published: July 2015

Defect formation during the initial stage of physical vapor transport (PVT) growth of 4H-SiC crystals in the [000-1] and [11-20] directions was investigated by x-ray diffraction, defect-selective etching, and micro Raman scattering imaging. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the growths in the [000-1] and [11-20] directions exhibited markedly different behaviors with respect to the defect formation during the initial stage of growth. While a characteristic lattice plane bending was observed for the PVT growth along [000-1], a tilted domain structure was revealed near the grown crystal/seed interface for the growth in the [11-20] direction. Micro Raman scattering imaging revealed that nitrogen enrichment occurred near the grown crystal/seed interface and was associated with compressive stress parallel to the interface. Based on the results, the defect formation mechanisms during the initial stage of PVT growth of 4H-SiC are discussed.
Hetero-Epitaxial Single Crystal 3C-SiC Opto-Mechanical Pressure Sensor
Authors: Roncaglia Alberto , Anzalone Ruggero , Belsito Luca , Mancarella Fulvio , Camarda Massimo , Piluso Nicolo’ , Nipoti Roberta , La Via Francesco
Published: July 2015

The design, fabrication, early testing and material property assessment work related to the development of an opto-mechanical pressure sensor implemented with hetero-epitaxial 3C-SiC on silicon is described. The sensor is constituted by a single-crystal 3C-SiC membrane whose deflection upon pressure application is measured using a fiber-optic interferometric readout. The fabrication of sensor prototypes and micromachined 3C-SiC membranes for test purposes is described and the results of bulge tests on the membranes are reported. Functional characterization of the sensor prototypes in the pressure range 0-3 bar is also presented, showing good linearity and reproducibility of the sensor response, sensitivity of roughly 2 mV/bar and estimated pressure resolution around 0.5 bar on a 0-200 bar dynamic range.
High-Temperature Operation of Electrostatically-Excited Single-Crystalline 4H-SiC Microcantilever Resonators
Authors: Sato Kosuke , Adachi Kohei , Okamoto Hajime , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kimoto Tsunenobu , Suda Jun
Published: July 2015

We fabricated electrostatically-excited single-crystalline 4H-SiC microcantilever resonators with various thicknesses and lengths. Their resonant characteristics were investigated from room temperature (RT) up to 600°C. The resonant frequency of the cantilevers decreased with increasing temperature. From the results, the temperature dependence of Young’s modulus of single-crystalline 4H-SiC was obtained, i.e., 3% decrement with increasing temperature from RT to 600°C. The cantilevers with different thicknesses showed different temperature dependences of the quality factor. A 2-μm-thick cantilever exhibited a high quality factor (Q) (250,000) at RT and the Q decreased to 6,000 at 600°C, which can be explained by thermoelastic damping. On the other hand, a Q of a 0.45-μm-thick cantilever was still high (50,000) even at 600°C.
A Study on Graphitization of 4H-SiC(0001) Surface under Low Pressure Oxygen Atmosphere and Effects of Pre-Oxidation Treatment
Authors: Nagahisa Yuichi , Tsuchiya Yoshisige , Tokumitsu Eisuke
Published: July 2015

Effects of residual oxygen in an annealing chamber on graphitization of SiC along with surface pre-treatment process have been investigated. As a pre-treatment process, SiO2 was formed on 4H-SiC(0001) substrates by thermal oxidation before graphene formation annealing. Epitaxial graphenes were formed in several O2 pressures and effects on graphitization of SiC were evaluated. It is shown that quality of graphene on SiC substrates which formed without pre-oxidation degraded by the presence of residual O2 in the chamber. It is demonstrated that SiO2 pre-oxidation films (about 10nm) were effective to prevent such degradations, for all O2 pressures that we examined in this work. In addition, at O2 pressure of 1.1x10-1Pa, with SiO2 pre-oxidation, a graphene growth rate was increased, which indicates that a certain level of O2 pressure enhances graphene growth.
Tuning the Terrace and Step Stability of 6H-SiC (0001) for Graphene Film Deposition
Authors: Rius Gemma , Mestres Narcis , Eryu Osamu , Godignon Philippe
Published: July 2015

Graphene is a 2D material with potential for almost any purpose, thanks to a combination of excellent characteristics, e.g. high electrical conductivity. Graphene grown on SiC wafers is one of the promising routes for graphene integration into planar technology electronic applications. Synthesis is based on the decomposition of a SiC single crystal surface at high temperature, where Si-terminated SiC substrates require the formation of the C buffer layer. In spite of numerous experimental and theoretical works the understanding and control upon crucial factors such as step and terrace stability or surface roughening is far from been fully comprehended and then technologically optimized. We present experimental results on the deposition of graphene onto Si-terminated 6H-SiC. We analyze the effect of ex situ and in situ conditionings of the SiC surface in the thermal decomposition and reconstruction of the SiC terraces, toward higher control upon the growth process of graphene films.
Si NWs Conversion to Si-SiC Core-Shell NWs by MBE
Authors: Lloret Fernando , Araujo Daniel , Villar M.P. , Liu L. , Zekentes Konstantinos
Published: July 2015

Si nanowires (NWs) samples have been converted to silicon carbide (SiC) NWs at different conditions of substrate temperature in an ultra-high vacuum using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) set-up. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) have been in-situ carried out to control the growth process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) have been used to characterize the resulting nanostructures. In addition, the samples have been prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) in order to have electron-transparently lamellas for TEM with the interface nanowire-substrate. SiC/Si shell/core NWs free of planar defects have been obtained for conversion tmpratures lower than 800oC.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Boron Nitride Thin Films on SiC
Authors: Chubarov Mihail , Pedersen Henrik , Högberg H. , Garbrecht Magnus , Czigány Zsolt , Andersson Sven G. , Henry Anne
Published: July 2015

We give here an overview of our recent work on growth of rhombohedral boron nitride (r-BN) thin films on SiC substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We demonstrate the growth of twinned r-BN on various SiC polytypes at 1500 °C, using H2 as carrier gas and triethyl boron and ammonia as precursors with an N/B ratio of ~ 640. The epitaxial relation with various substrates is determined from XRD and TEM. Adding Si to the gas phase stabilizes the r-BN phase but does not alter the electric properties of the material which remains electrically insulating.
Luminescence of the Alkali-Metals Nitrites Incorporated into Cellulose Matrix
Authors: Nedilko Sergiy , Revo Sergiy , Nedielko Maksym , Avramenko Tetjana , Ivanenko Kateryna , Scherbatskii Vasyl
Published: July 2015

Surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of both microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), microcrystalline powders of the alkali metals nitrites MNO2 (M = Na. K, Cs) (MCN) and two-component composite materials based on the MCC and MCN have been studied and characterized by means of optical microscopy and luminescence spectroscopy.
Luminescence Properties of the Yttrium and Gadolinium Tantalo-Niobates
Authors: Voloshyna Olesia , Boiaryntseva Ianina , Spassky Dmitry , Sidletskiy Oleg
Published: July 2015

Ceramic samples of tantalo-niobates solid solutions with yttrium and gadolinium cations (RE(NbxTa1-x)O4, RE = Y or Gd, and x=0÷1) have been obtained by solid-state synthesis. Luminescence properties of yttrium and gadolinium tantalo-niobates under X-ray and synchrotron radiation, UV and VUV radiation have been studied in visible and UV spectral regions. The luminescence mechanisms in yttrium and gadolinium tantalo-niobates have been determined as well.
Crystal Structure Peculiarities and Optical Properties of La3Ga5SiO14, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14, Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 Crystals of Langasite Family
Authors: Shopa Yaroslav , Ftomyn Nazar , Sokoliuk Ivanna
Published: July 2015

The polarizability theory of optical activity (OA) is used to investigate the correlation between structure peculiarities and optical properties of crystals of the langasite family. Optical rotation (OR) is calculated as the function of disordering structure parameters for La3Ga5SiO14, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14 and Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 compounds. Using a single wavelength laser polarimeter the OR was measured on z-cut sample of langasite crystals La3Ga5SiO14.
MgAl2Si2O8:Mn4+ Systems Doped with Co-Activator for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Ozpozan Kalaycioglu Nilgun
Published: July 2015

Mn4+ doped and Pr3+,4+, Sm3+, Gd3+, Tb3+,4+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ co-doped MgAl2Si2O8-based phosphors were prepared by conventional solid state synthesis at 1300 °C. They were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminescence mechanism of the phosphors, which showed broad red emission bands in the range of 600-715 nm and had a different maximum intensity when activated by UV illumination, was discussed. Such a red emission can be attributed to the intrinsic 2E→4A2 transitions of Mn4+.
Natural Clinoptilolite Based Solid-State Compositions for Low-Temperature Air Purification from Sulphur Dioxide
Authors: Rakitskaya Tatyana L. , Kiose Tatyana A. , Kameneva E.V. , Volkova V.Ya.
Published: July 2015

Natural clinoptilolite (N-CLI) and N-CLI based solid-state compositions containing copper(II) chloride and halide ions (X- = Cl-, Br- or I-) were investigated by X‑ray diffraction phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, water vapour adsorption, and pH‑metry. After that, they were tested in the reaction of low-temperature sulphur dioxide oxidation with air oxygen. It has been found that N-CLI has no protective properties in respect of sulphur dioxide whereas CuCl2‑KX/N-CLI compositions have the significant protective activity in the process of air purification from sulphur dioxide increasing in the order Cl- < Br- < I-.
Chemical Interaction of Phosphates MII2P4O12 with Melted MICl or MINO3 (MI – Li, Na, K; MII – Mg, Co, Ni, Zn)
Authors: Livitska Oksana V. , Strutynska Nataliya Yu. , Zatovsky Igor V. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S.
Published: July 2015

The interaction in the systemsMII2P4O12-MICl (MINO3) (MI– Li, Na, K;MII– Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) was investigated in temperature range 1073-673 K. The conditions of formation phosphates: Li3PO4,MIMIIPO4(MI– Na, K), Na4MII3(PO4)2P2O7, Na9Co3(PO4)5have been established. Obtained crystalline phases have been investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, Diffuse reflectance, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods.
Multitarget Sputtering of Piezoelectric Mixed Oxide Thin Films onto Flexible Substrates
Authors: Kleiner Anja , Suchaneck Gunnar , Dejneka Alexandr , Jastrabik Lubomir , Lavrentiev Vasily , Kiselev Dmitry A. , Gerlach Gerald
Published: July 2015

Large area film deposition was performed by means of multitarget reactive magnetron sputtering from metallic targets (Pb, Ti, Zr) with a diameter of 200 mm onto Cu-coated Kapton® HN substrates. High-power pulse sputtering has been employed for the Zr-target (or alternatively for the Ti-target). Film composition profiles were evaluated by XPS and RBS. Piezoelectric properties were investigated by PFM.
Effect of the Electron Energy on the Structural Evolution of Functional Perovskite La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 Thin Films Produced by the Pulsed Electron Deposition (PED) Technique
Authors: Cieniek Łukasz
Published: July 2015

Functional nonstoichiometric La0.6Ca0.4CoO3perovskite thin films were deposited on theepi-polished [001] MgO substrates by the electron ablation process (PED - pulsed electron deposition) in low oxygene pressure conditions (~7 x 10-3Torr). Deposition process was performed for about 4 hours with the repetition rate of 5 Hz that gave about 72 000 pulses for each sample. By adjusting both the target-substrate distance in the working chamber (70 - 80 mm) as well as the electron energy (10 - 14 kV) it is possible to affect the microstructure and quality of obtained thin films. This paperrelates to the influence of the single pulse electron energy (discharge) on the structure of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3thin films investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The chemical compositions were also examined using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Multiple linear scratch tests allowed to determine the thin films adhesion to the substrates.
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Ni Doped Co-Zn Nanoferrites and their Application in Photo-Catalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Dye
Authors: Bhukal Santosh , Bansal Sandeep , Singhal Sonal
Published: July 2015

Nickel substituted cobalt zinc nanoferrites (Co0.6Zn0.4NixFe2-xO4, x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were successfully synthesised by sol gel method. FT-IR studies showed two absorption bands in the range of 400-600 cm-1corresponding to the M-O bond in the tetrahedral and octahedral clusters, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the samples had cubic structure with Fd-3m space group.The lattice constant was observed to increase with increase in nickel substitution, thus altering the unit cell volume. An examination of the magnetic properties revealed an increase in saturation magnetization with increasing Ni concentration upto x=0.4, and a decrease there after.These results could be explained using Neel's collinear two-sub-lattice model and three sub-lattice non-collinear model suggested by Yafet and Kittel. DC resistivity was found to decrease with increase in temperature due to semiconductor nature of nanoferrites. The catalytic activity was found to be maximum at x = 0.2 and further found to decrease with increase in nickel concentration
Effect of Non-Ionic Surfactant Concentration on Microstructure, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Strontium-Copper Hexaferrite Powder
Authors: Nandotaria Reshma A. , Chauhan Chetna C. , Jotania Rajshree B.
Published: July 2015

Strontium copper hexaferrite powder with composition Sr2Cu2Fe12O22 was synthesized in presence of a non-ionic surfactant Tween-80 using chemical co-precipitation route. The prepared samples were calcinated at 950 oC for 4 hrs in a furnace and then slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain Sr2Cu2Fe12O22 hexaferrite powder. The effect of surfactant concentration on phase formation, microstructure, magnetic and dielectric properties of Sr2Cu2Fe12O22 were investigated using XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM, dielectric and low field AC susceptibility measurement techniques. The XRD analysis reveals the formation of mixed phases of Y and M type hexaferrites. The synthesized samples exhibited magnetic properties typical for soft magnetic materials, with saturation magnetization typical for Y-type hexaferrites. The dielectric properties were studied within the frequency range 100 HZ to 2 MHz. SEM images show formation of non-uniform, spongy and porous structure. The low field AC susceptibility measurements indicate that formed Sr-Cu hexaferrite powder possesses ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition at Curie temperature.
Octogenarian with an untreated femoral neck fracture: upright position during the postoperative course after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Polastri M. , Di Marco L. , Cantagalli S. , Di Eusanio M.
Published: July 2015

We describe a patient with a femoral neck fracture undergoing an aortic valve replacement. The study design was a case report. An 82-year-old female with an untreated right femoral neck fracture, and a severe aortic valve stenosis was admitted to a cardiac surgery department for surgical treatment of the valve disease. She underwent aortic valve replacement with a sutureless biological valve prosthesis through a partial sternotomy. At an early stage, the patient was instructed to make postural changes in the standing position. As a result, she was able to perform body movements associated with either a sitting or standing position. This case shows that appropriate early mobilization of a patient with a femoral neck fracture is feasible after aortic valve replacement, even though this does not necessarily mean that the patient needs to walk.
Effect of yogic intervention on Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Deorari Manju , Bhardwaj Ishwar
Published: July 2015

Background:

Autism is one of the most common developmental disorders. It is a lifelong brain disorder that is normally diagnosed in early childhood. Autism is a spectrum disorder varying in severity and impact from individual to individual.

Aims:

The main purpose of this study is to find the effect of yogic intervention on children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Settings and Design:

Thirty children suffering from Autism Spectrum Disorder were selected from Abhiprerna Foundation, Haridwar for the study. The age of the subjects ranged from 5 to 16 years. The design used for the study was pre-post design. Purposive sampling was used for collection of the sample.

Methods:

The current study was performed with parents/caregivers who gave information regarding the daily activities of the child; pre and post values for the study were assessed on the basis of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. yogic practices including OM Chanting, Asanas, and Pranayama were used as intervention for a period of 3 months.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Paired samples t-test was used for comparing the means of pre and post values.

Results:

Though there was statistically significant reduction in the symptoms of autism in children after a period of 3 months, yet the effect size was very small to draw an assertive conclusion.

Conclusions:

The results conclude that continuous practice of yoga may significantly improve the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children. Such an effect also calls for a detailed study on their effectiveness in the long run.
Nonlinear Stability and B-convergence of Additive Runge-Kutta Methods for Nonlinear Stiff Problems
Authors: Yue Chao , Xiao Aiguo , Liu Hongliang
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we are devoted to nonlinear stability and B-convergence of additive Runge-Kutta (ARK) methods for nonlinear stiff problems with multiple stiffness. The concept of -algebraic stability of ARK methods for a class of stiff problems Kστ is introduced, and it is proven that this stability implies some contractive properties of the ARK methods. Some results on optimal B-convergence of ARK methods for Kσ,0 are given. These new results extend the existing ones of RK methods and ARK methods in the references. Numerical examples test the correctness of our theoretical analysis.
LIVAS: a 3-D multi-wavelength aerosol/cloud database based on CALIPSO and EARLINET
Authors: Amiridis V. , Marinou E. , Tsekeri A. , Wandinger U. , Schwarz A. , Giannakaki E. , Mamouri R. , Kokkalis P. , Binietoglou I. , Solomos S. , Herekakis T. , Kazadzis S. , Gerasopoulos E. , Proestakis E. , Kottas M. , Balis D. , Papayannis A. , Kontoes C. , Kourtidis K. , Papagiannopoulos N. , Mona L. , Pappalardo G. , Le Rille O. , Ansmann A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. We present LIVAS (LIdar climatology of Vertical Aerosol Structure for space-based lidar simulation studies), a 3-D multi-wavelength global aerosol and cloud optical database, optimized to be used for future space-based lidar end-to-end simulations of realistic atmospheric scenarios as well as retrieval algorithm testing activities. The LIVAS database provides averaged profiles of aerosol optical properties for the potential spaceborne laser operating wavelengths of 355, 532, 1064, 1570 and 2050 nm and of cloud optical properties at the wavelength of 532 nm. The global database is based on CALIPSO observations at 532 and 1064 nm and on aerosol-type-dependent backscatter- and extinction-related Ångström exponents, derived from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) ground-based measurements for the UV and scattering calculations for the IR wavelengths, using a combination of input data from AERONET, suitable aerosol models and recent literature. The required spectral conversions are calculated for each of the CALIPSO aerosol types and are applied to CALIPSO backscatter and extinction data corresponding to the aerosol type retrieved by the CALIPSO aerosol classification scheme. A cloud optical database based on CALIPSO measurements at 532 nm is also provided, neglecting wavelength conversion due to approximately neutral scattering behavior of clouds along the spectral range of LIVAS. Averages of particle linear depolarization ratio profiles at 532 nm are provided as well. Finally, vertical distributions for a set of selected scenes of specific atmospheric phenomena (e.g., dust outbreaks, volcanic eruptions, wild fires, polar stratospheric clouds) are analyzed and spectrally converted so as to be used as case studies for spaceborne lidar performance assessments. The final global data set includes 4-year (1 January 2008–31 December 2011) time-averaged CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) data on a uniform grid of 1° × 1° with the original high vertical resolution of CALIPSO in order to ensure realistic simulations of the atmospheric variability in lidar end-to-end simulations.
Sources, seasonality, and trends of Southeast US aerosol: an integrated analysis of surface, aircraft, and satellite observations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model
Authors: Kim P. S. , Jacob D. J. , Fisher J. A. , Travis K. , Yu K. , Zhu L. , Yantosca R. M. , Sulprizio M. P. , Jimenez J. L. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Froyd K. D. , Liao J. , Hair J. W. , Fenn M. A. , Butler C. F. , Wagner N. L. , Gordon T. D. , Welti A. , Wennberg P. O. , Crounse J. D. , St. Clair J. M. , Teng A. P. , Millet D. B. , Schwarz J. P. , Markovic M. Z. , Perring A. E.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. We use an ensemble of surface (EPA CSN, IMPROVE, SEARCH, AERONET), aircraft (SEAC4RS), and satellite (MODIS, MISR) observations over the Southeast US during the summer-fall of 2013 to better understand aerosol sources in the region and the relationship between surface particulate matter (PM) and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM) with 25 km × 25 km resolution over North America is used as a common platform to interpret measurements of different aerosol variables made at different times and locations. Sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) are the main contributors to surface PM2.5 (mass concentration of PM finer than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) and AOD over the Southeast US. GEOS-Chem simulation of sulfate requires a missing oxidant, taken here to be stabilized Criegee intermediates, but which could alternatively reflect an unaccounted for heterogeneous process. Biogenic isoprene and monoterpenes account for 60 % of OA, anthropogenic sources for 30 %, and open fires for 10 %. 60 % of total aerosol mass is in the mixed layer below 1.5 km, 20 % in the cloud convective layer at 1.5–3 km, and 20 % in the free troposphere above 3 km. This vertical profile is well captured by GEOS-Chem, arguing against a high-altitude source of OA. The extent of sulfate neutralization (f = [NH4+]/(2[SO42−] + [NO3−])) is only 0.5–0.7 mol mol−1 in the observations, despite an excess of ammonia present, which could reflect suppression of ammonia uptake by organic aerosol. This would explain the long-term decline of ammonium aerosol in the Southeast US, paralleling that of sulfate. The vertical profile of aerosol extinction over the Southeast US follows closely that of aerosol mass. GEOS-Chem reproduces observed total column aerosol mass over the Southeast US within 6 %, column aerosol extinction within 16 %, and space-based AOD within 21 %. The large AOD decline observed from summer to winter is driven by sharp declines in both sulfate and OA from August to October. These declines are due to shutdowns in both biogenic emissions and UV-driven photochemistry. Surface PM2.5 shows far less summer-to-winter decrease than AOD due to the offsetting effect of weaker boundary layer ventilation. The SEAC4RS aircraft data demonstrate that AODs measured from space are fundamentally consistent with surface PM2.5. This implies that satellites can be used reliably to infer surface PM2.5 over monthly timescales if a good CTM representation of the aerosol vertical profile is available.
Global sensitivity analysis, probabilistic calibration, and predictive assessment for the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon model
Authors: Safta C. , Ricciuto D. M. , Sargsyan K. , Debusschere B. , Najm H. N. , Williams M. , Thornton P. E.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In this paper we propose a probabilistic framework for an uncertainty quantification (UQ) study of a carbon cycle model and focus on the comparison between steady-state and transient simulation setups. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) study indicates the parameters and parameter couplings that are important at different times of the year for quantities of interest (QoIs) obtained with the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon (DALEC) model. We then employ a Bayesian approach and a statistical model error term to calibrate the parameters of DALEC using net ecosystem exchange (NEE) observations at the Harvard Forest site. The calibration results are employed in the second part of the paper to assess the predictive skill of the model via posterior predictive checks.
Cultures of Abuse: ‘Sex Grooming’, Organised Abuse and Race in Rochdale, UK
Authors: Salter Michael , Dagistanli Selda
Published: July 2015

Revelations of organised abuse by men of Asian heritage in the United Kingdom have become a recurrent feature of international media coverage of sexual abuse in recent years. This paper reflects on the similarities between the highly publicised ‘sex grooming’ prosecutions in Rochdale in 2012 and the allegations of organised abuse in Rochdale that emerged in 1990, when twenty children were taken into care after describing sadistic abuse by their parents and others. While these two cases differ in important aspects, this paper highlights the prominence of colonial ideologies of civilisation and barbarism in the investigation and media coverage of the two cases and the sublimation of the issue of child welfare. There are important cultural and normative antecedents to sexual violence but these have been misrepresented in debates over organised abuse as racial issues and attributed to ethnic minority communities. In contrast, the colonialist trope promulgating the fictional figure of the rational European has resulted in the denial of the cultural and normative dimensions of organised abuse in ethnic majority communities by attributing sexual violence to aberrant and sexually deviant individuals whose behaviours transgress the boundaries of accepted cultural norms. This paper emphasises how the implicit or explicit focus on race has served to obscure the power dynamics underlying both cases and the continuity of vulnerability that places children at risk of sexual and organised abuse.
Endemic Sexual Violence and Abuse: Contexts and Dispositions
Authors: Rayment-McHugh Susan Nicole , Smallbone Stephen , Tilley Nick
Published: July 2015

Endemic sexual violence and abuse has been observed in a number of specific circumstances, most notably conflict zones, remote and marginalised communities, and religious and state institutions. In this article we examine several documented examples and argue that a similar set of causal processes are at work in all of these otherwise apparently disparate circumstances. Rather than construing the problem as ‘organised’ sexual abuse, we present the problem in terms of the breakdown (or disorganisation) of usual individual, situational and ecological constraints.
Re-Creating a Patron for the Ninth Century:
Authors: Bosworth Amy
Published: June 2015

As an act of veneration and celebration, Heiric of Auxerre in the 870s compiled the story of Saint Germanus, a fifth-century bishop and the patron of his monastic community. On the surface the Miracula sancti Germani follows conventional hagiographical patterns. Yet a closer analysis reveals that the Miracula's author also sought to demonstrate the continuing and influential role of this saint in the Carolingian world. Through a deliberate and calculated use of geography, Heiric selected specific locations to highlight a new sphere of influence, one that reached beyond that of the accepted boundaries of Auxerre and responded to contemporary political and ecclesiastical anxieties. He crafted a sacred topography that spoke to both the spiritual needs of the community (lay and ecclesiastical) and the temporal concerns of the ninth-century Carolingian world.
Nikephoros II Phokas and Orthodox Military Martyrs
Authors: Riedel Meredith
Published: June 2015

The Byzantine emperor Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963–69), revered by the Orthodox Church as a saint, is reviled in John Skylitzes's eleventh-century chronicle. Skylitzes's criticism has been widely quoted to support many claims but never examined on its own merit and is too quickly accepted by modern scholars. When examined in the context of tenth-century warfare and Byzantine religion, Skylitzes's remark—the claim that Nikephoros attempted to pass a law declaring fallen soldiers automatic martyrs—reveals conflict between emperor and patriarch but ultimately cannot be considered either plausible or accurate, because it fails to take account of the emperor's ascetic faith as well as the high spiritual honor accorded to military casualties by the population.
Making “Penance Profytable”:
Authors: Sirko Jill
Published: June 2015

In the Showings, Julian of Norwich describes a tension between the visions she receives and the teachings of Holy Church. Although this tension is usually examined in relation to the Parable of the Lord and the Servant, this article explores the difference between the “higher dome” and the “lower dome” in terms of sacramental confession. I argue that Julian seems to sideline the sacrament of penance by introducing a new form of confession and penance that is directly facilitated by God. However, I conclude that rather than replacing sacramental confession, Julian's penitential practice serves to complement the medieval penitential system by correcting its punitive and judicial emphasis, which she feels causes unnecessary despair in its focus on the sinner's blameworthiness.
Comportamiento del índice de plasticidad de una pasta arcillosa madurada naturalmente
Authors: Salinas Judith , Ñurinda Kellner , Ramírez Javier
Published: July 2015

En este trabajo, se determinó la influencia de la maduración de la pasta arcillosa sobre la propiedad tecnológica plasticidad. Paratal fin, se realizó el tratamiento de una mezcla de arcilla pulverizada provenientes de 3 diferentes sitios de la región de San Juande Oriente, a las cuales se les determinó su distribución de tamaño de partículas, el índice de plasticidad, tipo de suelo yhumedad. Las pastas arcillosas se elaboraron con dos tipos de arena (arrollo y playa) con las proporciones de mezclas usadaspor artesanos locales. Seguidamente, se dejó reposar en baldes plásticos oscuros durante 16 días, para que la pasta se madurara.El seguimiento al proceso se realizó tomando una muestra cada 2 días, y midiéndole el índice de plasticidad para determinar lainfluencia de la maduración en esta propiedad. Por último, se realizó la prueba de sensibilidad al secado y el grado decontracción de las pastas arcillosas maduradas. Las pastas elaboradas presentaron un índice de plasticidad inicial en un rangoentre 17 y 19, después de 16 días de maduración se alcanzó un índice de plasticidad con valores entre 22 y 25 para ambas pastas,presentando una tendencia a incrementar linealmente en función del tiempo. Sin Embargo, las pastas elaboradas con arena dearroyo alcanzaron más rápido un valor de plasticidad máximo (25). Al mismo tiempo, se determinó que las pastas sufrieron unacontracción (entre 7 y 14%), con un leve agrietamiento en la superficie del bloque, más no en el cuerpo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v27i2.1943
Estudio de la resistencia mecánica a la compresión de ladrillos elaborados a partir de mezclas arcilla roja-cemento Portland
Authors: López-Muñoz José , Espinoza-Pérez L.J. , Guevara-Arróliga Rolando
Published: July 2015

Se presenta una propuesta para la elaboración de ladrillos artesanales a base del suelo arcilloso estabilizado con cementoPortland gris, como alternativa para reducir el grado de contaminación causado por emisiones de dióxido de carbono a causadel uso de madera, usada como fuente de combustión durante la etapa de cocción de los ladrillos elaborados artesanalmente anivel nacional. Se trabajó básicamente con el banco de suelo de una de las ladrilleras ubicada en La Paz Centro, Nicaragua ydos marcas diferentes de cemento portland. Se elaboraron muestras de cemento/suelo según las normas y se compararon laspropiedades físico mecánicas con los ladrillos cocidos por medio de un diseño de experimento de tipo factorial mixto completo.Los factores que se estudiaron fueron las porciones de cemento/suelo, agua/ligante y marca de cemento. Los mejores resultadospara muestras de cemento/suelo presentaron resistencias superiores a los 12 MPa después de 28 días de curado y porcentajes deabsorción inferiores al 15%. Los productos de hidratación responsables del desarrollo de la resistencia mecánica se analizaronpor medio de pruebas de espectroscopia infrarroja, mostrando la mayor cantidad de silicatos de calcio hidratado en muestras concemento Canal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v27i2.1945
DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM MAIS UTILIZADOS EM SERVIÇO DE EMERGÊNCIA
Authors: Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto , Costa Natalha , Lopes Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira , Campanharo Cássia Regina Vancini , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se identificar os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem utilizados por expertsem área de emergência. Estudo descritivo realizado em Serviço de Emergência, período de junho a novembro de 2011. Utilizouse a Técnica Delphi para a obtenção do consenso entre sete profissionais de diferentes instituições brasileiras, sobre os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes em Ser viços de Urgência e Emergência. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem que tiveram consenso foram: Troca de gases prejudicada, Padrão respiratório ineficaz, Ventilação espontânea prejudicada, Risco de infecção, Risco de integridade da pele prejudicada, Integridade tissular prejudicada e Risco de quedas. Conclui-se que a Técnica Delphi mostrou-se como grande facilitadora para a obtenção de consenso, sobre os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes em Ser viços de Emergência, relacionados aos domínios da Nor th American Nursing Diagnosis Association de “segurança e proteção”, “atividade e repouso” e “eliminação e troca”.
VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL ATENDIDAS EM UM SERVIÇO DE REFERÊNCIA
Authors: Trigueiro Tatiane Herreira , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa , Medeiros Adeli Regina Prizybicien de , Ribeiro Cléa Elisa Lopes , Mata Nely Dayse Santos da , Jesus Maria Cristina Pinto de
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se conhecer aspectos da violência sexual e adesão das vítimas ao seguimento ambulatorial.Estudo transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados em um serviço de referência no estado do Paraná. Acoleta foi realizada de fevereiro a maio de 2014 mediante fichas de notificação de 2009 a 2013. Foram atendidos1272 agredidos sexualmente, sendo 53,46% deles com idade entre 12 e 18 anos e 94,65%, mulheres. Em maisda metade dos casos, o agressor era desconhecido (53,38%), a agressão ocorreu nas residências (39,30%)e vias públicas (35%), à noite (50,33%) e, em 96,67% dos casos, houve penetração vaginal. A indicação daProfilaxia Pós-Exposição às vítimas ocorreu em 76,4% e a contracepção de emergência foi administrada em64,77% das mulheres. Apenas 19,54% completaram o seguimento ambulatorial. As evidências indicam anecessidade de estratégias de atendimento que motivem a vítima de violência sexual a finalizar o tratamento.
PERFIL DE PESSOAS COM E SEM COMORBIDADES ACOMETIDAS POR REAÇÕES HANSÊNICAS
Authors: Medeiros Ana Paula Santos , Queiroz Tatiane Aparecida , Carvalho Francisca Patrícia Barreto , Simpson Clélia Albino , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se identificar características clínicas e epidemiológicas em pacientes com e sem comorbidadespor hanseníase e reações hansênicas. Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e correlacional, realizada por 65 entrevistasem um centro de referência potiguar, com coleta de dados entre outubro de 2013 e março de 2014. Os homensrepresentaram mais o grupo sem comorbidades, enquanto as mulheres e os idosos o grupo com comorbidades.Altas frequências nos dois grupos apontam para a forma Virchowiana como mais incidente e para algum grau deincapacidade. Houve correlação positiva entre quantidade de outros medicamentos versus outras comorbidadese negativa entre quantidade de pessoas que moram com o entrevistado versus número de comorbidades que estepossui. Foram evidenciados diagnósticos tardios em virtude de altas frequências de incapacidades, bem como gruposde risco para reações hansênicas e comorbidades, composto por mulheres, idosos, pessoas com baixa escolaridade,que não trabalhavam e que utilizavam maior quantidade de medicamentos.
OS OLHARES DE ENFERMEIRAS SOBRE A VULNERABILIDADE DOS ADOLESCENTES EM UM DISTRITO SANITÁRIO
Authors: Mafra Melissa Dos Reis Pinto , Chaves Marta Nolasco , Larocca Liliana Muller , Piosiadlo Laura Christina Macedo
Published: July 2015

Pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo, fundamentada na Teoria da Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva. Com objetivo de identificar as vulnerabilidades dos adolescentes segundo o olhar de enfermeiras de um Distrito Sanitário. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dezesseis enfermeiras no período de fevereiro a março de 2014, sendo analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, com apoio do softwarewebQDA. Foram evidenciadas quatro categorias e dezesseis subcategorias, destacandose o reconhecimento de vulnerabilidades nos adolescentes. Na construção social, naturaliza-se que meninos e meninas têm vulnerabilidades diferentes no território. Portanto, para intervenções, é necessária a capacitação dos profissionais e apoio da gestão para que, em ações intersetoriais, sejam atendidas suas necessidades. Concluise que são necessários estudos que discutam à luz de gênero o processo de determinação da vulnerabilidade dos adolescentes para instrumentalizar projetos de intervenção que levem à superação de tais vulnerabilidades.
FORMAÇÃO EM SAÚDE MENTAL NOS CURSOS DE TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Muñoz Palm Rosibeth Del Carmen , Nimtz Miriam Aparecida , Mantovani Maria De Fátima , Alves Maftum Mariluci
Published: July 2015

Pesquisa qualitativa com o método de estudo de casos múltiplos que teve o objetivo de descrevera formação em Saúde Mental na Graduação de Terapia Ocupacional da região sul do Brasil. Os dados foramcoletados mediante análise documental dos Projetos Pedagógicos, Planos de Ensino das Disciplinas de TerapiaOcupacional em Saúde Mental e entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a 19 Terapeutas Ocupacionais entre abrile julho de 2013. A análise dos dados foi realizada de acordo com referencial de Robert K. Yin. Os resultadosmostraram que o ensino de Saúde Mental se realiza em diversos pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial e queo currículo proposto em cada curso analisado articula a formação à realidade da Saúde Mental no seu contextoregional. Conclui-se que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem pode promover a formação generalista, crítica ereflexiva do Terapeuta Ocupacional, capacitando-o a exercer sua prática profissional em Saúde Mental.
DISPONIBILIDADE DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM Eucalyptus saligna CULTIVADOS COM LODO DE PAPEL RECICLADO
Authors: De Castro Faria Álvaro Boson , Angelo Alessandro Camargo , Auer Celso Garcia
Published: July 2015

Os resíduos sólidos da indústria de reciclagem de papel têm potencial de uso para correção da acidez do solo e como fonte de nutrientes para as culturas agrícolas e florestais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de lodo de papel reciclado e de adubação de cobertura sobre a disponibilidade de macronutrientes em Eucalyptus saligna Smith, com base em um ensaio com mudas com três meses de idade transplantadas para vasos distribuídos com espaçamento em uma área experimental. Após a homogeneização da granulometria e da umidade do lodo, foi implantado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois fatores (dose e adubação em cobertura) e três repetições, totalizando dezoito amostras de folhas e dezoito de raízes por micronutriente. O lodo de papel reciclado não interferiu na disponibilização do P. Também não foi uma fonte de N, K e Mg para as plantas. O resíduo foi uma fonte de Ca para o desenvolvimento vegetal.Palavras chave: Produção florestal; resíduos agroindustriais; sustentabilidade. AbstractMacronutrients availability in Eucalyptus saligna grown with recycled paper sludge. The solid waste of recycling paper industry has potential to be used for the correction of soil acidity and as a source of nutrients for agricultural crops and forestry. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of recycled paper sludge and top fertilization on the availability of macronutrients in Eucalyptus saligna Smith, based on a test with seedlings with three months old transplanted to pots distributed with spacing an experimental area. After homogenization of particle size and moisture content of the sludge, was implemented a completely randomized design with two factors (dose and top fertilization), and three repetitions, totaling eighteen samples of leaves and roots for each micronutrient. The recycled paper sludge did not affect the availability of P. Also, did not was a source of N, K, and Mg for plants. The residue was a source of Ca for the vegetal development.Keywords: Forestry; agro-industrial residues; sustainability.
ESTRUTURA E DIVERSIDADE DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DE FLORESTA ATLÂNTICA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DO ITAJAÍ, SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Caglioni Eder , Curcio Gustavo Ribas , Uhlmann Alexandre , Bonnet Annete
Published: July 2015

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar um segmento arbóreo/arbustivo de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana em paisagem de encosta, a partir da margem de um ribeirão em Blumenau/SC, em solos não hidromórficos, bem como analisar sua estrutura associando-se as características geopedológicas. Realizou-se contextualização pedossequencial da encosta, ao longo da qual foram instaladas 33 parcelas de 100 m2 cada, amostrando-se todos os indivíduos com PAP ≥ 15 cm. Foram calculados parâmetros fitossociológicos e índice de diversidade, assim como elaboraram-se gráficos de altura das espécies por terço da encosta e confeccionou-se a curva de rarefação de espécies, para comparar com outros levantamentos fitossociológicos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Itajaí. Foram identificados, nos terços inferior, médio e superior da encosta, Neossolo Flúvico, Neossolo Regolítico e Cambissolo Háplico, respectivamente. Foram amostradas 114 espécies, representadas principalmente por Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Rubiaceae. O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) foi elevado (4,13 nats/ind). A altura das espécies diminuiu do terço inferior para o superior da encosta. A curva de rarefação formou dois grupos de similaridade. Conclui-se que a área pesquisada possui elevada riqueza e que a heterogeneidade física da encosta influenciou a altura e a inclinação da vegetação ao longo da mesma, apresentando padrões de riqueza diferentes, em comparação com áreas próximas.Palavras-chave: Fitossociologia; floresta de encosta; Mata Atlântica; pedossequência; Blumenau. AbstractStructure and diversity of the arboreal synusia on a hillside forest, on Serra do Itajai National Park, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. This study aims to characterize the tree/shrub synusiae of a part of Dense Submontane Ombrophylous Forest located on a non-hydromorphic hillside at the margins of Garcia Pequeno River, Blumenau, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Thirty three quadrat plots (100 m²) were installed, and all individuals with PBH ≥ 15 cm were sampled. Phytosociological parameters and diversity index were calculated, and a rarefaction curve was constructed in order to compare the results with others phytosociological surveyed in the region nearby. At lower, middle and upper third slope, were described, Fluvic Neossol, Entisol and Haplic Cambisol, respectively. One-hundred and four species were sampled, represented mainly by Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, and Rubiaceae. Shannon diversity index (H´) was high (4.3 nats/ind), as well as the specific richness compared with other studies. Mass movement factors influencing pedon characteristics appears to affect vegetation community characteristics, such as average height of individuals, which tends to decrease on the upper third of the hillside.Keywords: Phytosociological; hillside forest; Atlantic Rain Forest; toposequence; Blumenau.
GERMINATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS OF Parkia gigantocarpa FABACEAE: MIMOSOIDEAE
Authors: Ribeiro Jonathan Wesley Ferreira , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de , Contreiras Rodrigues Adriana Paula D'Agostini , Rondon Eliazel Vieira
Published: July 2015

AbstractParkia gigantocarpa is a valuable timber tree, and due to its rapid growth and great survival can be used to enrich forest clearings. The aims of this study was describe main morphological characters of seeds and seedlings, and to evaluate germination and initial growth of the species at six temperatures. The seed shape varies from elliptical, oblong or ovoid with bone consistency surface, smooth, glossy black color and presence of pleurogram. Average dimensions were 21.25 mm (length), 10.43 mm (width), and 6.15 mm (thickness). The embryo type is linear axial, with fleshy cotyledons, convex planes and dominant. The germination is epigeous phanerocotyledonary with fleshy cotyledons, and occurs between the second and fifth days after sowing. The fully developed seedling stage was reached on the fifteenth day after sowing. Temperatures of 30 and 35  C provided higher germination rates in less time and with higher root biomass allocation.Keywords: Amazon; biometrics; germination temperature; fava-atanã; forest seeds. ResumoGerminação e morfologia de sementes e plântulas de Parkia gigantocarpa Fabaceae: Mimosoidae. Parkia gigantocarpa é uma árvore de interesse madeireiro, indicada para o enriquecimento de clareiras devido seu rápido crescimento. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever os principais caracteres morfológicos de sementes e plântulas, e avaliar a germinação de sementes e desenvolvimento inicial da espécie em seis temperaturas. As sementes apresentam formato que varia de elíptica, ovóide ou oblonga com superfície de consistência óssea, lisa, brilhosa de coloração negra e presença de pleurograma, com dimensões médias de 21,25 mm de comprimento, 10,43 mm de largura, e 6,15 mm de espessura. O embrião é do tipo axial linear, com cotilédones crassos, plano convexos e dominantes. A germinação é epígea fanerocotiledonar com cotilédones carnosos, e ocorre entre o segundo e quinto dias após semeadura, sendo que o estágio de plântula completamente formada é alcançado no décimo quinto dia após a semeadura. As temperaturas de 30 e 35 ºC proporcionaram elevadas taxas de germinação em menor tempo e com maior alocação de biomassa radicular.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; biometria; temperatura para germinação; fava-atanã; sementes florestais.