bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES, METHODS AND TECHNIQUES: IN PURSUIT OF TRANSLATION ADEQUACY
Authors: Kyrychuk Larysa
Published: February 2022

The present paper examines the ways of achieving adequacy in translation. The aim of the study is to define and describe the options that the different translators choose while rendering the message of the same source text (ST) and to establish the translation adequacy conditions. The translators’ options are considered in terms of the techniques employed to achieve equivalence between the textual micro units of the original and those of the target text (TT). It is argued that the choice of the translation techniques is determined by the global translation strategy which is seen as a translator’s action plan to reach the functional identification between the ST and TT. In the course of translating the corresponding techniques are used by the translators to fit the local strategies which necessitate the specific ways of dealing with translation challenges. In order to identify formal, semantic and communicative features of the translators’ options we set out the specific task of exploring the notions of translation strategy, translation method, translation technique and translation equivalence and define their significance in achieving accuracy and/or transparency of translation and, eventually, the adequacy of translation. The study is based on the descriptive and comparative analyses of four translation cases (TTs). The examination of the English-Ukrainian correlative units intends to indicate the types of equivalents and point out their contribution to the translation adequacy. One of the important findings to emerge from the study is that translation adequacy may be measured against the TT acceptability which is considered on four levels and involves correlations between structural, semantic and pragmatic equivalents. The TT that reaches the first level of acceptability is viewed as the case of low translation adequacy; the TT on the second level of acceptability is seen as the case of near adequate translation; the TT on the third level of acceptability is termed as sufficiently adequate translation; the TT on the forth level of acceptability is defined as the case of complete adequate translation.
Making it Better: A Project Management Framework for Creating a Research Data Services Program
Authors: Bjornen Kay K. , Ippoliti Cinthya
Published: February 2022

When librarians at Oklahoma State University (OSU) began creating services to support data intensive research they found plenty of published guidance about doing surveys and outreach to get started. However, they also found that offering the prescribed workshops and consultations didn’t assure that researchers would use them. A Sparks! grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) allowed OSU to try two novel techniques, customer journey mapping and design thinking, to engage researchers and answer the question “What is the role and impact of the library in helping researchers manage their data along the entire project lifecycle?” One of the outcomes of the project was creation of a toolkit that provides a step-by-step project management plan to guide libraries, especially those with limited resources, to prioritize needs and create offerings with the assistance of their user communities. This column intends to discuss this project management framework, with an emphasis on how it was implemented to meet the goals of the IMLS project.
SOCİOLOGİCAL PERSPECTİVE ON CYBER CRİME
Authors: ŞENOL Dolunay , KARATAŞOĞLU Elif Buket
Published: February 2022

ÖZ Geçmişten günümüze insanın olduğu her yerde var olan suç olgusu, teknolojik gelişmeler ile birlikte farklılaşmıştır. Özellikle bilişim teknolojilerinin hızlı ilerleyişi suç işleme şeklini değiştirmiş ve siber suç kavramının ortaya
çıkmasında etkin bir rol oynamıştır. Günümüzde siber suçlar diğer suç türlerine göre önemli ve hızlı bir artış göstermektedir. Siber suçların gelişimini ve bu gelişimde etkili olan toplumsal faktörleri ortaya koymak amacıyla hazırlanan
bu çalışmada, öncelikle suç ve siber suçlarla ilgili teorik bilgiler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Siber suçlar, ortaya çıkışları ve nitelikleri açısından diğer suç türlerinden önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymaktadırlar. Şahsa
ve mala karşı suçlar, tarihin en erken dönemlerinden itibaren var olmalarına rağmen siber suçların ortaya çıkabilmesi için öncelikle teknolojinin gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşmış olması gerekmiştir. Bu sebeple, siber suçlar çağdaş dönemin
ve teknolojinin suçları olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca suç ve eğitim seviyesi arasında ters orantının var olduğu kabul edilirken, bilişim suçları bu kabulü de tersine çevirmiştir. Siber suç işleyenlerin siber suç işleyebilecek
kadar eğitim seviyelerinin yüksek, bilişim teknolojilerini kullanıp istismar edebilecek kadar bu alana hakim olmaları gerekmektedir. Her geçen gün hızlı artış gösteren bu suç türünün, çağdaş dünyada ortadan kaldırılabilmesi mümkün
olmamakla birlikte en aza indirilebilmesi için bu suç türünü ortaya çıkaran sebep ve toplumsal şartların ortaya konulması önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Suçu önleme çalışmalarının, cezai müeyyidelerden daha etkili ve ekonomik olduğu
gerçeğinden hareket edildiğinde, bu yönde yapılan çalışmaların yetkililere ışık tutmada önemli olduğu dikkatlerden kaçırılmamalıdır. Siber suçların Türkiye’de ve dünyadaki seyrini ortaya koyan bu çalışmaların sayılarının arttırılmasının,
her gün kendilerini güncelleyen bilişimcilerle yarışan bilişim suçu işleyenlerin önünü bir ölçüde de olsa kesmede dolayısı ile siber suçlarla mücadelede önemli bir rol oynayacağını hatırlatmakta yarar bulunmaktadır.
Period poverty: why it should be everybody’s business
Authors: Michel Janet , Mettler Annette , Schönenberger Silvia , Gunz Daniela
Published: February 2022

Period poverty, defined as a lack of access to menstrual products, hygiene facilities, waste management, and education, affects many women globally causing physical, mental, and emotional challenges. The stigma that shrouds periods further prevents individuals from talking about it. Lack of data and limited research on period poverty are challenges hence more research and engagement are called for. Period poverty like other forms of poverty can be debilitating. It can take different forms and has emotional, physical, and mental health effects on individuals. More than half of the world’s population are menstruating people, it is high time period poverty becomes everybody’s business. Since the world is drowning in plastic, reusable environmentally friendly menstrual products need to be explored. This calls for innovation alongside intersectoral collaboration to ensure access to water and sanitation.
Petroleum Filling Stations and Their Impact on the Environment in Nigeria
Authors: Ulakpa Ruth Oghenerukevwe Eyankware , Ulakpa Wisdom Chukwuemeke , Eyankware Oghenegare Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

The poor state of the environment, especially in urban areas, has become a major global issue, with developing countries such as Nigeria voicing growing concern. There is a scarcity of knowledge on the environmental impact of PFSs as a result of the loss of life and property, as well as other serious socio-economic implications of non-compliance with PFSs siting criteria. The historical literature on the impact of residential buildings, the environment, and human health on PFSs in Nigeria, as well as the study's gap, is examined in this research. It also outlines DPR compliance with PFSs location as well as established criteria for prohibiting PFS sitting in Nigeria's states. Relevant publications on PFSs-related topics were downloaded from Google Scholar. The goal of this study is to look back on a previous essay about PFSs in Nigeria and its impacts on the environment and human health. This study's main purpose is to give a complete overview of Nigerian PFSs. According to the article analyzed, the majority of PFSs were located close to residents, with setbacks from the road and residential areas of less than 30 m in 90% of the filling stations. As a result, the landowners can band together to argue that a facility that is improperly sited cannot be built. A great deal of public participation is required. A campaign should be launched to raise awareness among filling station owners and other developers of the dangers of non-compliance with established norms. All violators of the established norms, as well as corrupt officials of enforcement agencies/bodies, should face open punishment so that others might learn their lessons. Finally, appropriate planning is required to allow future road expansion.
Detection of intestinal parasites by different methods in our type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: ÖZSAN YILMAZ Müge
Published: February 2022

Aim: Long term persistently high blood glucose levels result in various complications and conditions in diabetic patients. One of them is gastrointestinal disorders and the other is increased risk of infectious diseases like parasitosis. The aim of the study is to demonstrate of intestinal parasites with various techniques in diabetic patients and confirm of the frequency of the parasites.Methods: A total of 65 patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. Laboratory tests were done and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded. Fecal specimens were evaluated with direct microscopy, Kinyoun acid-fast staining method, trichrome staining method and antigen screening test.Results: Of the patients included in the study 31 were male and 34 were female. While 53.8% of the patients had no chronic complications of diabetes, 33.8% had multiple complications. Thirty (46.2%) patients had gastrointestinal complaints. Examination of stool samples revealed G. intestinalis in two patients (3.07%), C. parvum in three patients (4.6%), and G. intestinalis + E. histolytica in six patients (9.2%) by RAT. No association was found between the existence of parasite determined by RAT and any of the patient characteristics of age, sex, duration of diabetes, and dyspeptic complaints (p-values are 0.27; 0.14; 0.90; 0.68, respectively).Conclusion: This is the first study to explore the prevalence rate of parasitosis detected by RAT in patients with diabetes. In this study, we also compared different parasite detection methods in this patient population and showed that RAT is a more sensitive method.
Environmental impact of the Kinshasa technical waste landfill center on the flora of Mpasa
Authors: Jean DJONGA LOHAKA  , IDRISSA ASSUMANI ZABO  , Rombaut TAMASALA NDOMBE  , Don béni LUKAU NSIMBA  , Albert NGOMA MALANDA KIMINU  , Jean ZA NZA NTEZOLO
Published: February 2022

The Kinshasa Technical Waste Landfill Center (TWLC) is a 250-hectare space erected to receive and bury waste from nine municipalities in the city of Kinshasa during the period from 2010 to 2017. Four years after the work stoppage, it is currently colonized by vegetation. This research consists in evaluating the impact of waste burial activities on the flora of MPASA. The sampling sites selected are the surrounding environment serving as a control, the lockers in which the waste was buried and the lagoon basins which received the leachate resulting from the decomposition of the waste in the lockers. The floristic and soil samples were respectively taken for identification and laboratory analysis. The results reveal a discrepancy between the sites. Floristically, the lockers are colonized by 33 plant species; the surrounding environment has 28 species and the lagooning basins, pauci specific, record only 4 species. On the pedological level, the pH is acidic in the surrounding environment while it is alkaline in the lockers and lagoon basins.
KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM PUISI DARI CATATAN SEORANG DEMONSTRAN (TAUFIQ ISMAIL) DAN PUISI SIKAP (WIJI THUKUL)
Authors: Zakarias Veronica Chervinnita , Athira Salmaa , Azmin Gres Grazia
Published: February 2022

Puisi, salah satu bentuk karya sastra, merupakan sebuah proses dan produk kreativitas penciptaan seorang penulis dalam menyampaikan pandangan dan gagasannya. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian dua puisi menggunakan pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana sebuah karya puisi digunakan sebagai alat kritik sosial. Puisi yang berjudul “Dari Catatan Seorang Demonstran” karya Taufiq Ismail dan “Puisi Sikap” karya Wiji Thukul dijadikan sebagai objek penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membaca data, memilah data, dan mencatat data yang berkaitan dengan aspek kritik sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menunjukkan bahwa objek penelitian ini menggambarkan realitas sosial di masyarakat: 1) Keresahan masyarakat pada keadaan negara yang krisis politik, ekonomi, dan sosial; 2) Dampak dari penyimpangan prinsip demokrasi negara. Kesimpulan yang ditemukan bahwa kekacauan dalam politik dan HAM berdampak besar pada kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu media masyarakat untuk memperjuangkan aspirasinya adalah karya puisi.
Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Pengolahan Sagu di Kelurahan Jaya Kecamatan Tellu Wanua Kota Palopo
Authors: Sumantri Sumantri
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usaha pengolahan sagu di Kelurahan Jaya Kecamatan Tellu Wanua Kota Palopo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Jaya Kecamatan Tellu Wanua Kota Palopo.Waktu penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua bulan yakni bulan April s/d Mei 2021.Penentuan lokasi penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive sampling).  Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara sensus karena semua populasi merupakan pelaku usaha pengolahan sagu yang berjumlah 13 orang responden.Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan analisis kelayakan usaha yaknianalisis R/C Ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pendapatan pelaku usaha pengolahan sagu di Kelurahan Jaya Kecamatan Tellu Wanua Kota Palopo sebesar Rp 6.553.042,- per bulan. Analisis R/C ratio diperoleh nilai 1,18  maka usaha pengolahan sagu dikatakan menguntungkan atau layak dikembangkan.

This study aims to analyze the income of the sago processing business in Jaya Village, Tellu Wanua District, Palopo City. This research was conducted in Jaya Village, Tellu Wanua District, Palopo City. The time of this research was carried out for two months, namely April to May 2021.The location of the research was determined by purposive sampling. The sample determination was carried out by census because all of the population were sago processing business actors, totaling 13 respondents.Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. The data analysis method uses income analysis and business feasibility analysis, namely R/C Ratio analysis. The results showed that the average income of sago processing business actors in Jaya Village, Tellu Wanua District, Palopo City was IDR 6,553,042,- per month. Analysis of the R/C ratio obtained a value of 1.18 then the sago processing business is said to be profitable or feasible to be developed.
Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Pupuk Kandang terhadap Tiga Varietas Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Mira Hasra  , Dewi Fithria
Published: February 2022

Research on the effect of applying various manures on three varieties of growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was carried out in Arongan Village, Kuala Pesisir District, Nagan Raya Regency, starting from October to November 2021. The design used was a randomized block design (RAK) factorial. The first factor was manure which consisted of 3 treatment levels P0 (control/without manure), P1 (soil + cow manure 2:2), and P2 (soil + goat manure 2:1). The second factor was the variety which consisted of 3 treatment levels V1 (kumala variety), V2 (dora variety), and V3 (pakcoy variety). The results of the study did not show any interaction between the treatment of manure and varieties with all observed variables. The addition of manure had a significant effect on the number of leaves at 29 DAP and root length. Varieties treatment did not have a significant effect on all observed variables.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISKURSUS MULTY REPRECENTACY (DMR) BERBANTUAN ALAT PERAGA TANGKIS SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS
Authors: Rusmilah Dea Siti , Yusuf Yusfita , Jaenudin Agus
Published: February 2022

Berpikir kreatif matematis merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang menjadi tujuan pembelajaran matematika. Namun, pada kenyataannya masih banyak sisa yang kemampuan berpikir kreatifnya rendah. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu model pembelajaran yang dalat memfasilitasi berkembangnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Model pembelajaran Diskursus Multy Reprecentatsy merupakn salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan. Pada pembelajaran DMR diperlukan alat peraga sebagai bahan belajar siswa, oleh karena itu maka DMR berbantuan alat peraga tangis (batang statistika) merupakan pemilihan model dan alat peraga yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis pada materi statistia. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kuasi eksperimen pada siswa SMP N 2 Pamulhan dengan menggunakan dua kelas yang berfungsi sebagai kelas control dan kelas eksperimen. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu tes berpikir kreatif matematis yang diberikan pada awal dan akhir pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan uji statistia. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis yang signifikan pada siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran Diskursus Multy Reprecentacy (DMR) berbantuan alat peraga lTangkisebih baik dari siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran model konvensional.
Implementation of Logging Feature in Android Payment SDK using Scrum Method
Authors: Rifai Ardian Dwi , Ramadhani Erika
Published: February 2022

Electronic money or e-money is a technological innovation that allows payment transaction processing to be easier and more practical. PT Aino Indonesia is a payment gateway company that serves payment processes using this technology for various business segments. To satisfy the requirements of each business segment, Aino needs to develop a wide range of applications. These applications require a standard for the payment system to make it faster to integrate and maintain. The payment team at Aino has developed a module or SDK that provides a standard payment system for Android-based applications. Two new features will be added to this SDK, the logging feature and log file upload. The logging feature will record the data generated by each transaction process into a log file. Next, the SDK will upload the log files to the server to help retrieve transaction data uploaded from the device. Both features will help the process of tracking issues and problems that may arise during the transaction process. The development of the two features in this SDK uses the Scrum method to ensure it stays on track.
PENGARUH PENGALAMAN MENGAJAR, ETOS KERJA DAN MOTIVASI MENGAJAR TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SMK NEGERI 1 SIBOLGA
Authors: Ritonga Dahlia Elisah , Pohan Rosmida , Sianturi Romauli , Hutagalung Ganda Roy , Purba Gibson H.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine and analyze the influence of teaching experience, work ethics and teaching motivation on the performance of teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Sibolga, both partially and simultaneously. The sample in this research were all employees, amounting to 55 teachers. Determination of the number of samples using a saturated sample (census). The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 20.00 for windows. The results showed that : 1) Teaching Experience had a positive and significant effect on the performance of teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Sibolga, where the value of tcount (2.161) ttable (1.675) and the probability level of 0.035 0.05; 2) Work Ethics has a positive and significant effect on the performance of teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Sibolga, where the value of tcount (2.225) ttable (1.675) and probability value of 0.031 0.05; 3) Teaching Motivation has a positive and significant effect on the performance of teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Sibolga, where the value tcount (6.341) ttable (1.675) and probability value of 0.000 0.05; 4) Teaching experience, work ethic and teaching motivation are positive and significant to the performance of teachers of SMK Negeri 1 Sibolga, where the value of Fcount (24,977) Ftable (2,786) and probability 0,000 0.05. Teaching experience, work ethic and teaching motivation explain its influence on teacher performance by 57.1%, while the remaining 42.9% is requested by other variables not examined in this research.
PENGARUH GAYA HIDUP TERHADAP MINAT BELI SMARTPHONE VIVO PADA MASYARAKAT DESA JAHARUN B DUSUN 1 KECAMATAN GALANG KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Azhhari Riska Ananda , Yuliana Yayuk
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out how to analyze the influence of Lifestyle (X) on Interest in Buying (Y) Vivo smartphones in the people of Jaharun B Village, Dusun 1, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency with a total sample of 97 people. The data collection technique used is by using a questionnaire or questionnaire given to each respondent. The data is processed using SPSS 20. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression (b) of 0.737 and it can be concluded that Lifestyle has a significant positive effect on Purchase Interest. Which means that if the Lifestyle is increasing, the Buying Interest will increase by 0.737. Based on the t test, it is known that tcount ttable is 11,037 1,661. So it can be stated that there is a real influence between Lifestyle and Interest in Buying Vivo smartphones in the Jaharun B Village Community, Dusun 1, Galang District, Deli Serdang Regency, and the relationship is proven to be significant. From the results of the coefficient of determination (R square) it can be said that the Lifestyle variable (X) has an effect on the Purchase Interest variable (Y) of 0.562 or with a percentage of 56.2% and the remaining 43.8% is influenced by other variables not examined by research this.
Disciplinary Action Against UK Health Professionals for Sexual Misconduct: A Matter of Reputational Damage or Public Safety?
Authors: Gallagher Cathal T. , Thaci Jeta , Saadalla Georgina , Mohamed Nasteha , Ismail Murwo M. , Gossel Thelma , Attopley Melissa
Published: February 2022

The regulation of health care professionals in the United Kingdom (UK) falls under the authority of one of nine General Councils, each of which has a statutory duty to ensure the fitness to practice of a subdivision of these professionals. Among the matters that may call fitness to practice into question are deviations from published standards of behavior, which include the maintenance of appropriate sexual boundaries by practitioners. The aim of this article is to examine how the common fitness-to-practice process utilized by General Councils deals with registered health care professionals who have exceeded these boundaries.

Deductive thematic analysis was carried out on cases involving academic misconduct among registrants of the General Medical Council, General Dental Council, General Pharmaceutical Council, and Nursing and Midwifery Council, using themes derived from each council’s standards for registrants and guidance for disciplinary panel members.

While each of these four cases involved some form of sexually motivated misconduct, the facts in each case were significantly different; however, not only was the outcome the same, but the rationale was similar in each instance. While the protection of the health, safety and well-being of the public may be considered in cases involving sexual misconduct, the need to maintain public and professional confidence in their respective professions is sufficient grounds alone to end the careers of health professionals who engage in sexual misconduct.
Analisis Kesulitan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Riswandi Akmal , Ninsih Nurul Fajri , Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: February 2022

Pembelajaran matematika merupakan salah satu bidang yang terdampak secara langsung oleh pandemi Covid-19. Pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan segala kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan secara online, mahasiswa dan dosen dipaksa untuk berdaptasi dengan situasi yang baru.
Sex inequality driven by dispersal
Authors: Chen Yuan , Ge Erhao , Zhou Liqiong , Du Juan , Mace Ruth
Published: February 2022

Inequality between the sexes is pervasive both outside and inside the home. One contributing factor could be the dispersal of one sex at marriage that sets up sex-specific differences in relatedness to the group. Here we exploit the ecological diversity and different social structures found in southwest China to investigate the role of sex-biased dispersal on inequality in the sexual division of labour. We use a wearable fitness tracker and validated readings by confirming that participants' daily ‘steps’ were positively correlated with time spent in high-energy activities, such as agriculture and animal husbandry work, and negatively correlated with low-energy activities, such as leisure and relaxation. We applied multilevel comparative approaches to examine the relative workload pattern between the sexes under different dispersal states. Our results reveal two characteristics that lead to an unfavourable division of workload: being female and dispersing at marriage. This is consistent with the hypothesis that males have increased bargaining power when remaining in their natal home, leading to inequality in workload.
The Vicarious Experiences Questionnaire(s): Online Tools for Measuring Mirror-Touch and Vicarious Pain
Authors: Ward Jamie , Li Mengze
Published: February 2022

Vicarious experiences refer to shared feelings (e.g., emotion contagion) and sensations (e.g., pain or touch) that occur when an observer sees (or otherwise infers) that another person is in that state. There may be stable trait-level individual differences in this tendency. Here we report a dataset from two previously developed measures for vicarious touch and pain (Mirror-touch Questionnaire and Vicarious Pain Questionnaire), which we collectively term the Vicarious Experiences Questionnaire. As well as making this dataset publicly available, we also include a novel analysis of the data, together with tools for enabling other researchers to collect and analyse this data (video stimuli, an importable Qualtrics survey, and Excel sheets for classifying participants). We show that a subset of the ‘normal’ population experience reportable sensations of touch and pain when seeing it in others and demonstrate how they may be classified into several different groups. With regards to vicarious pain, we report separate ‘sensory-localised’ and ‘affective-general’ groups (alongside non-responders) and consider the extent to which such differences are categorical or dimensional. For vicarious touch (or mirror-touch), we show that this tends to be found in people with a more extreme ‘sensory-localised’ profile for vicarious pain. The affective-general group has a stronger gender bias (F>M) that is weaker in the sensory-localised group and absent for mirror-touch.
So much for plain language: An analysis of the accessibility of United States federal laws over time
Authors: Martinez Eric , Mollica Francis , Gibson Edward
Published: February 2022

Over the last 50 years, there have been efforts on behalf of the US government to simplify public legal documents for the benefit of society at large . However, there has been no systematic evaluation of how effective these efforts--collectively referred to as the ``plain language movement''--have been. Here we report the results of a large-scale longitudinal corpus analysis (n$\approx$225 million words), in which we compare every law passed by congress between 1951 to 2009 (as well as concurrent resolutions and proclamations), with a comparably sized sample of English texts from four different genres published during the same time period. We find that laws remain laden with features associated with processing difficulty--including center-embedding, passive voice, low-frequency jargon and capitalization--relative to each of the four baseline genres of English, and that the prevalence of these features has not meaningfully declined since the onset of the plain language movement (in some cases, their prevalence has increased). These findings suggest that top-down efforts to simplify legal language have thus far remained largely ineffectual, despite the apparent tractability of these changes, raising and informing difficult questions of law and public policy.
BetterReg: An R package for Useful Regression Statistics
Authors: Aberson Chris
Published: February 2022

Description of an R package providing statistics such as squared semi partial correlation, tolerance, Mahalanobis Distances, Likelihood Ratio chi-square and Likelihood R square.
Datenpraktiken des Schulmonitorings in staatlichen Bildungsbehörden. Beobachtungen jenseits des Regelkreises
Authors: Förschler Annina , Hartong Sigrid
Published: February 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag adressiert die Frage, inwieweit bestimmte Steuerungsvorstellungen, -modelle und -praktiken die zunehmende Datafizierung und Digitalisierung im Bildungssektor auf den verschiedenen Steuerungsebenen prägen, und thematisiert hierbei das Beispiel von Schulmonitoringsystemen in Schulbehörden auf Bundeslandbzw. Bundesstaatenebene. Es werden Ergebnisse eines laufenden DFG-Projektes vorgestellt, das anhand von Fallstudien in Deutschland und den USA die zunehmende Expansion und Zentralisierung digitaler Schulmonitoringsysteme (z. B. durch die Einrichtung zentraler Schulverwaltungssoftware, die Zusammenführung unterschiedlicher Leistungsdaten usw.) untersucht, um mehr über das „Wie“ der jeweiligen Datenproduktion, -verarbeitung und -nutzung zu erfahren. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, liegen der technischen Vorstellung und auch der Außendarstellung von Schulmonitoringsystemen zwar oftmals simplifizierte Regelkreismodelle zugrunde; in der Praxis handelt es sich jedoch um ein hochkomplexes Zusammenspiel unterschiedlicher, oftmals ambivalenter Logiken und Einflüsse, die wiederum jeweils spezifische Potenziale und Problematiken mit sich bringen. Während der Beitrag dies anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen diskutiert, wird gleichzeitig sichtbar, wo und wie sich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Deutschland und den USA manifestieren.
E.G. VODOLAZKIN’S NOVEL "BRISBANE": FEATURES OF POETICS
Authors:   INION RAN, Zhulkova Karina
Published: February 2022

The review examines the plot-compositional, thematic and stylistic features of the novel by E.G. Vodolazkina «Brisbane», as well as some conceptual attitudes of its author. The focus is on a variable narrative perspective created by alternating two time layers - past and present. Some key concept images («music», «life», «death») are revealed. A special attention is paid to the literary origins of a drowned woman’s image.
Pharmacognostical and preliminary chemical analysis to derive quality standards of Godhuma Patra (Triticum aestivum Linn. leaf)
Authors:   Beverly Hills Headache Institute, 8920 Wilshire Blvd #520, Beverly Hills, California – 90211, USA, Manika JY , Chaithra SH ,   Department of PG Studies in Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118, India, KN Sunil Kumar ,   Senior Research Officer; Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118, India, Bairy TS ,   Department of PG Studies in Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118, India, Ravishankar B ,   Director and Professor of Experimental Medicine; SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118, India
Published: February 2022

There are several claims that Godhuma patra (GP) – tender wheat – Triticum aestivum Linn. is a safe and effective treatment for ailments such as high blood pressure, some cancers, obesity, diabetes, gastritis, ulcers, anaemia, asthma and eczema. GP is rich in chlorophyll, minerals like magnesium, selenium, zinc, chromium, antioxidants like betacarotene (pro-vitamin A), vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B12, iron, folic acid, pyridoxine and many other minerals, amino acids and enzymes, which have significant nutritious and medicinal value. To sustain its valuable contribution in allaying disease in this modern era it was expected an imminent need for a well-co-ordinated research plan on herbal drug. Keeping all this in mind, pharmacognostical and analytical study including HPTLC finger printing of GP was undertaken by making use of various parameters to standardize & authenticate in accordance to international standards and quality control of Ayurvedic drug. Macroscopy and microscopy results have been reported here. Physico-chemical tests revealed constants for routine analysis of GP. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of aqueous extract showed presence of carbohydrate / glycoside, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenol and coumarins whereas ethanol extract showed presence of alkaloid and carbohydrate / glycoside. HPTLC finger print profile of ethanol extract of GP showed maximum compounds under 254 nm frequency i.e. 11 compounds, while densitometric scan showed the maximum peaks at 366 nm i.e. 14 peaks. This study carried out on GP not only established the data that maybe utilized for identification, but also established the monographic data on purity and standard of the leaf sample.
Opportunities for allied health science subjects in Ayurveda research and development
Authors:   Editor-in Chief (Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine) and Senior Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SDM Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi – 574118 India, Kumar KN Sunil
Published: February 2022

The science behind Ayurveda has been researched by scholars from Ayurvedic and allied science fraternity. Ayurvedic science is offered as bachelor, master and doctoral degrees from Ayurveda medical colleges and universities. There are courses for allied science subjects such as Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Molecular biology, Microbiology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacognosy, Botany, Agriculture etc. at all levels of study under every university falling under UGC.
Effect of Salvia rhytidea Benth. extract on serum glucose, gut alphaglucosidase in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Nakhl St, Iran, Fooladi Shahrzad , Ansari Mehdi ,   Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Sharififar Fariba ,   Herbal and Traditional Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Pournourmohammadi Shirin ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman Medical Sciences University, Kerman, Iran, Rad Behzad Lame ,   Department of Biochemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Nakhl St, Iran, Mohamadi Neda ,   Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Published: February 2022

Salvia rhytidea Benth. is one of the endemic species in Iran which has been used as anti-diabetic in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Salvia rhytidea Benth. methanol extract on healthy and induced diabetic rats. Determination of alphaglucosidase activity also was the other objective. Aerial parts of the plant were extracted after authentication with methanol 80% by macerating method. The methanol extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to evaporate its methanol content then lyophilized and stored in screw cap vials. Plant LD50 was determined 4.9 g/kg. Diabetes was induced by single i.p injection of a freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) solution (55 mg:kg in normal saline) to overnight fasted male wistar rats. Test animals received extract at doses of 0/5,1 ,2 g/kg. Negative and positive control groups received normal saline and glibenclamid respectively. Serum glucose levels were determined at various points of time (0, 60, 120 and 180min after injection). Results showed that Salvia rhytidea extract was suppressed the elevated blood glucose at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg body weight for 180 min. At 0.5 g/kg body weight was found to be comparable to glibenclamide, a reference drug. Blood glucose lowering effect of extract in dose of 1 g/kg was higher than glibenclamide at dose of 20mg/kg. At dose of 0.5g/kg, plant extract exhibited similar activity with glibenclamide.Our studies indicates that the leaves of this plant possess significant antihyperglycemic potential.
Role of Coccinia indica in the prevention and management of breast cancer: A review
Authors:   Junior Research Fellow under DST project and Ph.D Scholar, Department of Kriya Sharir, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (IMS, BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India, Kumari Rinki , Agrawal Aruna ,   Professor, Department of Kriya Sharir and Coordinator, Faculty of A yurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (IMS, BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India, Tiwari Malika ,   Associate Professor & Head, Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu Unive rsity (IMS, BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India, Shukla H.S. ,   Distinguished Professor, Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University (IMS, BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India, Dubey Govind P ,   Distinguished Professor, Advanced Centre for Traditional and Genomic Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University (IMS, BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
Published: February 2022

Cucurbitacin B is isolated from the fruit of Coccinia indica, have reported for treatment of several types of cancer due to its anticancer and antioxidant effect. Cucurbitacin B, inducing cell cycle arrest at G2/M as well as apoptosis. It can act as anti-proliferative agent for breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and reduces the ferrocynaide to ferrous. Cucurbitacin B inhibits telomerase activity in several breast cancer cell lines through down regulation of both the hTERT and c -Myc expression. The expression of the hTERT gene directly depends on the telomerase activity as the hTERT protein, is the catalytic rate-limiting determinant subunit of telomerase. Estrogen receptor activates a number of cellular signal transduction and also ERK/MAPK pathway. It leads to the translocation of activated MAP kinase to the nucleus where it regulates the expression of a number of transcription factors. Including pertinently, c -Myc but when cell lines treated with cucurbitacin B, directly modulates either the estrogen receptor or subsequent signalling pathway and the down regulate JAK/STAT pathway. Whereas some different biological pathway exist in estrogen negative cells, where c -Myc is primarily controlled at the level of RNA stability. However, cucurbitacin B exerts anticancer activity and inhibit the telomerase and induced apoptosis.
Electrolyte disturbances in PCR positive COVID-19 patients
Authors:   Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Ayatollahi Jamshid , Akhondimeybodi Zohre ,   Infectiologist, Fellowship of prevention and control of nosocomial infections, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Dehghani Reihane ,   Medical Student, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Hamidfar Mahdie ,   Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Shahcheraghi Seyed Hossein ,   Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Published: February 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic agent has converted a worldwide key problem. This virus is extremely infectious between individuals and has expansion quickly. The most usual complaints related to electrolytes associated with COVID-19 are hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. The present study aimed to investigate electrolyte disorders in PCR positive COVID-19 patients in Yazd. This cross-sectional study was done from 2020 to 2021. All patients with COVID-19 that their PCR test was positive participated in this study. Age, gender, electrolytes levels and presence or absence of underlying disease were parameters used in this research. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS software version 22 and analyzed. Findings showed that no significant relationship was found between age and changes in sodium levels. No significant association was found between age and changes in potassium levels in individuals. There was a significant correlation between age and changes in calcium levels in patients. No significant relationship was found between age and random blood sugar levels in the studied patients. Changes in electrolyte levels can be a good indicator of the progression of COVID-19. Due to the importance of serum calcium levels, if there is an underlying disease or old age of the patient, calcium rates should be applied to detect the prognosis early and help treat the patient.
Implementing a Tobacco Cessation Program for Pregnant Women in an Antenatal Care Setting: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors:   Narotam Sekhsaria Foundation, 1st Floor, Nirmal Building, Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021, Maharashtra, India, Gupte Himanshu A. , Mandal Gauri ,   Salaam Bombay Foundation, 1st Floor, Nirmal Building, Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021, Maharashtra, India, D’Costa Marina ,   Narotam Sekhsaria Foundation, 1st Floor, Nirmal Building, Nariman Point, Mumbai – 400021, Maharashtra, India
Published: February 2022

Background: Tobacco use during pregnancy has deleterious effects on the woman and child. Many pregnant women make quit attempts but few are successful. Antenatal Care (ANC) services create an opportunity to identify tobacco users and provide cessation services. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of implementing LifeFirst tobacco cessation services for pregnant women attending ANC clinic. Methods: We used mixed methods study design. All pregnant women attending ANC services during one year were screened verbally for tobacco use. Current tobacco users (last 30 days) registered voluntarily for LifeFirst and a detailed first session was conducted. Telephonic follow-up sessions were conducted over six months. An in-depth interview was conducted with the counselor to identify the influencing factors. Results: Of the 1431 pregnant women screened, 41 were current tobacco users (40 used smokeless) and all enrolled for the service. 56% of them were highly dependent (Fagerstrom score) and 35(85%) had never made a quit attempt. At the end of the intervention, 48% were lost to follow-up mostly due to change in contact phone numbers. All the remaining women self-reported that they had stopped using tobacco. ANC clinic setting and a female counsellor were considered as facilitators. Loss to follow-up, non-implementation of guidelines to screen and offer brief advice and the resultant late tobacco use screening acted as barriers. Social myths added to these complications. Conclusion: Integration of tobacco cessation with ANC services is feasible. Creating awareness about ill-effects of tobacco during pregnancy and providing cessation support is required. Integration through trainings will provide additional benefit.
An overview on human helminthic parasitology I. Nematodes, the roundworms
Authors:   Sanjay Gandhi Smriti Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi, A.P.S. University, Rewa (M.P.), India, Salim Mohammad , Masroor Mohammad Shahid ,   People's College of Dental Sciences & Research Center, Peoples's University, Bhopal (M.P.), India, Parween Shagufta ,   Dept. of Human Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal (M.P.) India
Published: February 2022

This is perhaps one of the wonders of science that currently we have certain effective anthelmintics to cure more than 300 types of parasitic worm infections found in the human body. Therefore, we have never paid the due attention in some lethal consequences caused by them. The present paper is first in the series of human helminthic parasitology and an attempt to discuss certain roundworms causing various ailments and diseases in human in the light of recent researches done so far in the same field.
Total serum cholesterol and selected electrolytes during pregnancy among women residents in Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa state Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, Uvoh Solomon M , Asara Azibalua A ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria, Gabriel E Kiridi Emily ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Amossoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Ebiyemzi Alagha Bibi-Welson ,   Department of Microbiology, Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Leelee Dum-Awara Blessing ,   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
Published: February 2022

The incidence of high cholesterol, electrolytes imbalance and hypertension are emerging health issues prevalent among pregnant women globally. This study determines total serum cholesterol, selected electrolytes (Na+ and K+) and blood pressure of pregnant women subjects in Yenagoa metropolis. A total sample of two hundred pregnant women subjects aged 18->40years with 80, 70, and 50 in their first, second, and third trimesters were randomly recruited. While total serum cholesterol was measured using oxidative and hydrolysis method the blood pressure and electrolytes were recorded by standard methods using automated electrolytes analyser and Omron digital blood pressure machine. One way ANOVA was used to analysed the data obtained for comparison between groups. Result from the study shows a significant (<0.05) increase in total serum cholesterol and percentage difference from the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Serum sodium concentration was slightly higher in the second trimester compared with the first and third trimesters while potassium concentration was slightly higher in the first trimester compared with other trimesters. The blood pressure of the participants were higher among subjects with high total serum cholesterol and age 34years and above during pregnancy. Findings from this study have shown slight decrease in serum potassium concentration among pregnant women with raised blood pressure compared to mean values of other subject groups.