bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Host Defense Mechanisms against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Anhedonic and Despair-Like Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Mahmoud Motamed Elsayed , Fereig Ragab , Nishikawa Yoshifumi
Published: January 2017

Toxoplasma gondiiis a pathogen relevant to psychiatric disorders. We recently showed that reactivation of chronicT. gondiiinfection induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that depression-like behaviors are mediated via a host defense mechanism against invading pathogens; proximate mechanisms of this behavioral hypothesis remain unclear. In the present study, we investigate the contribution of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), inflammation, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to anhedonic and despair-related behaviors inT. gondii-infected mice by using sucrose preference and forced-swim tests, respectively. First, we confirmed that BALB/c mice exhibited both sickness and depression-like behaviors during acute infection. Treatment of infected wild-type mice with minocycline (anti-inflammatory drug) abated sickness and anhedonic and despair-like behaviors, whereas inT. gondii-infected mice, treatment normalized kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratios in both plasma and brain tissue. Additionally,T. gondiiinfection failed to induce anhedonic and despair-like behaviors or increase the Kyn/Trp ratio in immunocompromised (IFN-γ−/−) mice, whereas sickness behavior was observed in both immunocompetent and IFN-γ−/−mice following infection. Furthermore, treatment with 1-methyl tryptophan (an IDO inhibitor) did not affect locomotor activity, attenuated clinical scores and anhedonic and despair-like behaviors, and resulted in normal Kyn/Trp ratios inT. gondii-infected wild-type mice. Although low levels of serotonin and dopamine were observed in the brain during acute and chronic infections, anhedonic and despair-like behaviors were not detected in the chronic stage of infection. Collectively, our results demonstrated that immune enhancement in response to infection withT. gondiiresulted in IFN-γ production, IDO activation, and inflammation associated with anhedonic and despair-like behaviors.
Significance of a Posttranslational Modification of the PilA Protein of Geobacter sulfurreducens for Surface Attachment, Biofilm Formation, and Growth on Insoluble Extracellular Electron Acceptors
Authors: Richter Lubna V. , Franks Ashley E. , Weis Robert M. , Sandler Steven J.
Published: January 2017

Geobacter sulfurreducens
, an anaerobic metal-reducing bacterium, possesses type IV pili. These pili are intrinsic structural elements in biofilm formation and, together with a number of
c
-type cytochromes, are thought to serve as conductive nanowires enabling long-range electron transfer (ET) to metal oxides and graphite anodes. Here, we report that a posttranslational modification of a nonconserved amino acid residue within the PilA protein, the structural subunit of the type IV pili, is crucial for growth on insoluble extracellular electron acceptors. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of the secreted PilA protein revealed a posttranslational modification of tyrosine-32 with a moiety of a mass consistent with a glycerophosphate group. Mutating this tyrosine into a phenylalanine inhibited cell growth with Fe(III) oxides as the sole electron acceptor. In addition, this amino acid substitution severely diminished biofilm formation on graphite surfaces and impaired current output in microbial fuel cells. These results demonstrate that the capability to attach to insoluble electron acceptors plays a crucial role for the cells' ability to utilize them. The work suggests that glycerophosphate modification of Y32 is a key factor contributing to the surface charge of type IV pili, influencing the adhesion of
Geobacter
to specific surfaces.

IMPORTANCE
Type IV pili are bacterial appendages that function in cell adhesion, virulence, twitching motility, and long-range electron transfer (ET) from bacterial cells to insoluble extracellular electron acceptors. The mechanism and role of type IV pili for ET in
Geobacter sulfurreducens
is still a subject of research. In this study, we identified a posttranslational modification of the major
G. sulfurreducens
type IV pilin, suggested to be a glycerophosphate moiety. We show that a mutant in which the glycerophosphate-modified tyrosine-32 is replaced with a phenylalanine has reduced abilities for ET and biofilm formation compared with those of the wild type. The results show the importance of the glycerophosphate-modified tyrosine for surface attachment and electron transfer in electrode- or Fe(III)-respiring
G. sulfurreducens
cells.
The N Terminus of the PduB Protein Binds the Protein Shell of the Pdu Microcompartment to Its Enzymatic Core
Authors: Lehman Brent P. , Chowdhury Chiranjit , Bobik Thomas A.
Published: January 2017

Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are extremely large proteinaceous organelles that consist of an enzymatic core encapsulated within a complex protein shell. A key question in MCP biology is the nature of the interactions that guide the assembly of thousands of protein subunits into a well-ordered metabolic compartment. In this report, we show that the N-terminal 37 amino acids of the PduB protein have a critical role in binding the shell of the 1,2-propanediol utilization (Pdu) microcompartment to its enzymatic core. Several mutations were constructed that deleted short regions of the N terminus of PduB. Growth tests indicated that three of these deletions were impaired MCP assembly. Attempts to purify MCPs from these mutants, followed by gel electrophoresis and enzyme assays, indicated that the protein complexes isolated consisted of MCP shells depleted of core enzymes. Electron microscopy substantiated these findings by identifying apparently empty MCP shells but not intact MCPs. Analyses of 13 site-directed mutants indicated that the key region of the N terminus of PduB required for MCP assembly is a putative helix spanning residues 6 to 18. Considering the findings presented here together with prior work, we propose a new model for MCP assembly.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial microcompartments consist of metabolic enzymes encapsulated within a protein shell and are widely used to optimize metabolic process. Here, we show that the N-terminal 37 amino acids of the PduB shell protein are essential for assembly of the 1,2-propanediol utilization microcompartment. The results indicate that it plays a key role in binding the outer shell to the enzymatic core. We propose that this interaction might be used to define the relative orientation of the shell with respect to the core. This finding is of fundamental importance to our understanding of microcompartment assembly and may have application to engineering microcompartments as nanobioreactors for chemical production.
Validation of a care pathway for the use of faecal calprotectin in monitoring patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Turvill James , Rook Lisa , Rawle Maxine , Robins Gerry , Smale Simon , Kant Prashant , Phillips Anne
Published: January 2017

Introduction

We have previously published an evidence-based care pathway for the use of faecal calprotectin (FC) to monitor patients with Crohn's disease established on therapy. Patients are treated as low, intermediate or high risk of continuing Crohn's disease activity based on their FC, whatever their phenotype and surgical status are. Low-risk patients (FC <100 µg/g) are offered 12 monthly follow-ups or step down of therapy if asymptomatic or initial expectant symptomatic treatment. Intermediate-risk patients (FC 100–250 µg/g) are reviewed at 6 months with a repeat FC. High-risk patients (two consecutive FCs >250 µg/g) are flagged up to the responsible clinician as likely having an active Crohn's disease.

Methods

To validate this care pathway over a 2-year period, by determining its negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV).

Results

123 patients were managed by means of the care pathway for a mean of 24.4 months. The NPV and PPV were 0.97 (CI 0.93 to 0.98) and 0.85 (CI 0.80 to 0.94), respectively (sensitivity: 0.92 (0.83 to 0.96) and specificity: 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98)). Importantly 69% of patients with FC >250 µg/g were in clinical remission, the care pathway identifying patients who would benefit from presymptomatic disease modification.

Conclusions

This validation of a pragmatic clinical care pathway demonstrates a safe and effective mechanism by which to use FC to monitor risk of disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease established on therapy. It provides a framework for prioritising follow-up and for identifying patients at risk of continuing disease activity or those in whom therapy could be stepped down.
Novel exon–exon breakpoint inCIC-DUX4fusion sarcoma identified by anchored multiplex PCR (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Panel)
Authors: Loke Benjamin Nathanael , Lee Victor Kwan Min , Sudhanshi Jain , Wong Meng Kang , Kuick Chik Hong , Puhaindran Mark , Chang Kenneth Tou En
Published: January 2017

Aims

We describe the clinical and pathological features and novel genetic findings of a case ofCIC-DUX4sarcoma occurring in the thigh of a 35-year-old man.

Methods

Fusion gene detection using a next-generation sequencing-based anchored multiplex PCR technique (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Panel) was used to identify the novel fusion breakpoints of thisCIC-DUX4sarcoma using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumour material.

Results

ThisCIC-DUX4sarcoma has a novel fusion breakpoint between exon 20 of theCICgene and exon 1 of theDUX4gene.

Conclusions

This case report describes an additional case ofCIC-DUX4sarcoma with a novel fusion breakpoint, and demonstrates the value of this next-generation sequencing-based anchored multiplex PCR technique (Archer FusionPlex Sarcoma Panel) in both diagnosis for patient care and in identification of a novel fusion breakpoint in this tumour type.
Highly nonlocal optical response: Benefit or drawback?
Authors: Smyth Noel F. , Piccardi Armando , Alberucci Alessandro , Assanto Gaetano
Published: January 2017

A highly nonlocal optical response in space has been shown to heal several shortcomings of beam self-action in nonlinear optics. At the same time, nonlocality is often connected to limits and constraints in both temporal and spatial domains. We provide a brief and rather subjective review of what we consider the main benefits and some drawbacks of a highly nonlocal response in light localization through nonlinear optics, with several examples related to reorientational soft matter, specifically nematic liquid crystals.
Medical students’ vs. family physicians’ assessment of practical and logical values of pathophysiology multiple-choice questions
Authors: Secic Damir , Husremovic Dzenana , Kapur Eldan , Jatic Zaim , Hadziahmetovic Nina , Vojnikovic Benjamin , Fajkic Almir , Meholjic Amir , Bradic Lejla , Hadzic Amila
Published: January 2017

Testing strategies can either have a very positive or negative effect on the learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of consistency in evaluating the practicality and logic of questions from a medical school pathophysiology test, between students and family medicine doctors. The study engaged 77 family medicine doctors and 51 students. Ten questions were taken from cardiac pathophysiology and 10 questions from pulmonary pathophysiology, and each question was assessed on the criteria of practicality and logic. A nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to test the difference between evaluators. On the criteria of logic, only four out of 20 items were evaluated differently by students in comparison to doctors, two items each from the fields of cardiology and pulmonology. On the criteria of practicality, for six of the 20 items there were statistically significant differences between the students and doctors, with three items each from cardiology and pulmonology. Based on these indicative results, students should be involved in the qualitative assessment of exam questions, which should be performed regularly under a strictly regulated process.
Stability Monitoring of Batch Processes with Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Junwei , Lou Taishan , Wang Lexiang
Published: January 2017

In recent years, the iterative learning control (ILC) is widely used in batch processes to improve the quality of the products. Stability is a preoccupation of batch processes when the ILC is applied. Focusing on the stability monitoring of batch processes with ILC, a method based on innerwise matrix with considering the uncertainty of the model and disturbance was proposed. First, the batch process with ILC was derived as a two-dimensional autoregressive and moving average (2D-ARMA) model. Then two kinds of stability indices are constructed based on the innerwise matrix through the identification of the 2D-ARMA. Finally, the statistical process control (SPC) chart was adopted to monitor those stability indices. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Use of Omic Technologies Applied to Traditional Chinese Medicine Research
Authors: Sánchez-Vidaña Dalinda Isabel , Rajwani Rahim , Wong Man-Sau
Published: January 2017

Natural products represent one of the most important reservoirs of structural and chemical diversity for the generation of leads in the drug development process. A growing number of researchers have shown interest in the development of drugs based on Chinese herbs. In this review, the use and potential of omic technologies as powerful tools in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed. The analytical combination from each omic approach is crucial for understanding the working mechanisms of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms as well as the mechanisms of disease. Gradually, omic approaches have been introduced in every stage of the drug development process to generate high‐quality Chinese medicine‐based drugs. Finally, the future picture of the use of omic technologies is a promising tool and arena for further improvement in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.
Urban Aerodynamic Roughness Length Mapping Using Multitemporal SAR Data
Authors: Zhang Fengli , Sha Minmin , Wang Guojun , Li Zhikun , Shao Yun
Published: January 2017

Aerodynamic roughness is very important to urban meteorological and climate studies. Radar remote sensing is considered to be an effective means for aerodynamic roughness retrieval because radar backscattering is sensitive to the surface roughness and geometric structure of a given target. In this paper, a methodology for aerodynamic roughness length estimation using SAR data in urban areas is introduced. The scale and orientation characteristics of backscattering of various targets in urban areas were firstly extracted and analyzed, which showed great potential of SAR data for urban roughness elements characterization. Then the ground truth aerodynamic roughness was calculated from wind gradient data acquired by the meteorological tower using fitting and iterative method. And then the optimal dimension of the upwind sector for the aerodynamic roughness calculation was determined through a correlation analysis between backscattering extracted from SAR data at various upwind sector areas and the aerodynamic roughness calculated from the meteorological tower data. Finally a quantitative relationship was set up to retrieve the aerodynamic roughness length from SAR data. Experiments based on ALOS PALSAR and COSMO-SkyMed data from 2006 to 2011 prove that the proposed methodology can provide accurate roughness length estimations for the spatial and temporal analysis of urban surface.
Combining Chk1/2 Inhibition with Cetuximab and Radiation Enhances In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxicity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Ling , Beggs Reena R. , Cooper Tiffiny S. , Weaver Alice N. , Yang Eddy S.
Published: January 2017

EGFR inhibition and radiotherapy are potent inducers of DNA damage. Checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 (Chk1/2) are critical regulators of the DNA-damage response, controlling cell-cycle checkpoints that may permit recovery from therapy-associated genomic stress. We hypothesized that Chk1/2 inhibition (CHKi) with prexasertib may enhance cytotoxicity from EGFR inhibition plus radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we found that the addition of CHKi to the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab with and without radiotherapy significantly decreased cell proliferation and survival fraction in human papillomavirus virus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines. Reduced proliferation was accompanied by decreased checkpoint activation, induced S-phase accumulation, persistent DNA damage, and increased caspase cleavage and apoptosis. Importantly, a significant tumor growth delay was observed in vivo in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell line xenografts receiving triple combination therapy with CHKi, cetuximab, and radiotherapy without a concomitant increase in toxicity as assessed by mouse body weight. Taken together, the combination of CHKi with cetuximab plus irradiation displayed significant antitumor effects in HNSCCs both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this combination therapy may increase clinical benefit. A clinical trial to test this treatment for patients with head and neck cancer is currently ongoing (NCT02555644). Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 591–600. ©2017 AACR.
Anatomical Variations of the Right Adrenal Vein
Authors: Omura Kensuke , Ota Hideki , Takahashi Yuuki , Matsuura Tomonori , Seiji Kazumasa , Arai Yoichi , Morimoto Ryo , Satoh Fumitoshi , Takase Kei
Published: January 2017

Adrenal venous sampling is the most reliable diagnostic procedure to determine surgical indications in primary aldosteronism. Because guidelines recommend multidetector computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the adrenal gland, some past reports used multidetector CT as a guide for adrenal venous sampling. However, the detailed anatomy of the right adrenal vein and its relationship with an accessory hepatic vein remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to describe detailed anatomical variations of the right adrenal vein and to determine the concordance between CT and catheter venography in patients with primary aldosteronism. In total, 440 consecutive patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling were included. Four-phase dynamic CT was performed. Anatomical locations and variations of the right adrenal vein and its relationship with the accessory hepatic vein were compared with catheter venographic findings. Successful catheterization was achieved in 437 patients (99%). The right adrenal vein was visualized in the late arterial phase with CT in 420 patients (95%). The right adrenal vein formed a common trunk with the accessory hepatic vein in 87 patients (20%). CT identified the correct craniocaudal level of the orifice in 354 patients (84%). Anatomical variations, location, and angle of inflow of the right adrenal vein based on CT demonstrated high concordance with catheter venography. CT may provide useful information for preparation before adrenal venous sampling.
Effect of tidal hour on the abundance of penaeid shrimp postlarvae (Decapoda, Penaeidae) along the Mexican Pacific coast
Authors: Félix-Ortiz José A. , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto , Castañeda-Lomas Nicolás , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Valenzuela-Quiñónez Wenceslao , Siu-Quevedo Manuel E.
Published: January 2017

In the present study we explored the effect of the tidal hour on the postlarvae abundance of the penaeid white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)) in three Mexican Pacific coastal lagoons. Correlation analysis of tidal hour against the hourly variation of the abundance of postlarvae was conducted in three regions of the Mexican Pacific; the system lagoon Huizache-Caimanero LHC, the region of the “Grandes Lagunas” SGL and the “Mar Muerto” Lagoon LMM. Two peaks were found in L. vannamei abundance in the three locations, at 04:00 and 16:00 of tidal hour in LHC and SGL, and 06:00 and 12:00 of tidal hour in LMM. Significant correlations between postlarvae and the tidal hour for the three regions were found. The tidal hour standardizes the time of ebb and flow. It is concluded that tidal hour can be used as cue for shrimp postlarvae immigration to nurseries.
The Crucified Mind: Kosuke Koyama’s Missiology of ‘Theology of the Cross’
Authors: Moe David Thang
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this paper is to study Kosuke Koyama (1929-2009), one of the foremost Asian Christian theologians of the 20th century. His theology and missiology are narratively rooted in the Biblical soils and contextually flowered in the Asian fields. Therefore, this article is written in great appreciation for the missionary labours and theological thoughts he had done with joy. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, I examine Koyama’s biographical backgrounds. In the second part, I explore his key hermeneutics of a theology of the cross and how he employed it for a missiological interpretation of hospitality in a hostile context. Finally, I evaluate Koyama’s theological position through the contemporary lens of a religiously pluralistic world.
The interaction between equipoise and logistics in clinical trials: A case study
Authors: Warshaw Meredith G , Carey Vincent J , McFarland Elizabeth J , Dawson Liza , Abrams Elaine , Melvin Ann , Fairlie Lee , Spiegel Hans , Jay Jonathan , Agwu Allison L ,   for the IMPAACT P1094 Team
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Equipoise is usually discussed as an ethical issue in clinical trials. However, it also has practical implications.

Background:

Clinical equipoise is usually construed to mean uncertainty or disagreement among the expert clinician community. However, an individual physician’s sense of equipoise may vary by location, based on the local standard of care or availability of specific treatment options, and these differences can affect providers’ willingness to enroll participants into clinical trials. There are also logistical barriers to enrollment in international trials due to prolonged timelines for approvals by government agencies and ethical review boards.

Case Study:

A multinational clinical trial of bridging strategies for treatment of non-adherent HIV-infected youth, experienced differing perceptions of equipoise due to disparities in availability of treatment options by country. Unfortunately, the countries with most demand for the trial were those where the approval process was most delayed, and the study was closed early due to slow accrual.

Discussion:

When planning multicenter clinical trials, it is important to take into account heterogeneity among research sites and try to anticipate differences in equipoise and logistical factors between sites, in order to plan to address these issues at the design stage.
Acute graft-versus-host disease is regulated by an IL-17–sensitive microbiome
Authors: Varelias Antiopi , Ormerod Kate L. , Bunting Mark D. , Koyama Motoko , Gartlan Kate H. , Kuns Rachel D. , Lachner Nancy , Locke Kelly R. , Lim Chun Y. , Henden Andrea S. , Zhang Ping , Clouston Andrew D. , Hasnain Sumaira Z. , McGuckin Michael A. , Blazar Bruce R. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Hugenholtz Philip , Hill Geoffrey R.
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Recipient-derived IL-17A is critical for the prevention of intestinal acute GVHD. Increased susceptibility to acute GVHD can be transferred to WT mice via cohousing with IL-17RA or IL-17RC–deficient mice.
The Hunchback temporal transcription factor establishes, but is not required to maintain, early-born neuronal identity
Authors: Hirono Keiko , Kohwi Minoree , Clark Matt Q. , Heckscher Ellie S. , Doe Chris Q.
Published: January 2017

Background

Drosophila and mammalian neural progenitors typically generate a diverse family of neurons in a stereotyped order. Neuronal diversity can be generated by the sequential expression of temporal transcription factors. In Drosophila, neural progenitors (neuroblasts) sequentially express the temporal transcription factors Hunchback (Hb), Kruppel, Pdm, and Castor. Hb is necessary and sufficient to specify early-born neuronal identity in multiple lineages, and is maintained in the post-mitotic neurons produced during each neuroblast expression window. Surprisingly, nothing is currently known about whether Hb acts in neuroblasts or post-mitotic neurons (or both) to specify first-born neuronal identity.

Methods

Here we selectively remove Hb from post-mitotic neurons, and assay the well-characterized NB7-1 and NB1-1 lineages for defects in neuronal identity and function.

Results

We find that loss of Hb from embryonic and larval post-mitotic neurons does not affect neuronal identity. Furthermore, removing Hb from post-mitotic neurons throughout the entire CNS has no effect on larval locomotor velocity, a sensitive assay for motor neuron and pre-motor neuron function.

Conclusions

We conclude that Hb functions in progenitors (neuroblasts/GMCs) to establish heritable neuronal identity that is maintained by a Hb-independent mechanism.

We suggest that Hb acts in neuroblasts to establish an epigenetic state that is permanently maintained in early-born neurons.
President's Page
Authors: Detomo Rocky
Published: January 2017

Twelve years ago, I gave a presentation to the AGU on challenges that the oil and gas industry was facing at the time. Those challenges centered principally around rapidly growing technical complexity and increasing risks. In my opinion then, during those times of higher oil prices, the industry's focus was on “more” and not necessarily on “better.” Today, in times when prices have settled at a level less than half of what they were when I delivered that presentation, it is even more important to think about how we can do things better, faster, and at lower cost.
NAPE Summit just around the corner
Authors: Gilmer Allen
Published: January 2017

Whether you're interested in buying or selling a drilling deal, marketing acreage, researching basins, or seeing demonstrations of the newest upstream E&P technology offerings, the 2017 North American Prospect Expo (NAPE) Summit Meeting is the place to be.
Long-lasting memory deficits in mice withdrawn from cocaine are concomitant to neuroadaptations in hippocampal basal activity, GABAergic interneurons and adult neurogenesis
Authors: de Guevara-Miranda David Ladrón , Millón Carmelo , Rosell-Valle Cristina , Pérez-Fernández Mercedes , Missiroli Michele , Serrano Antonia , Pavón Francisco J. , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Martínez-Losa Magdalena , Álvarez-Dolado Manuel , Santín Luis J. , Castilla-Ortega Estela
Published: January 2017

The cocaine addiction disorder is notably aggravated by concomitant cognitive and emotional pathology that impedes recovery. We studied whether a persistent cognitive/emotional dysregulation in mice withdrawn from cocaine holds a neurobiological correlate within the hippocampus, a limbic region with a key role in anxiety and memory but that has been scarcely investigated in cocaine addiction research. Mice were submitted to a chronic cocaine (20 mg/kg/day for 12 days) or vehicle treatment followed by 44 drug-free days. Some mice were then assessed on a battery of emotional (elevated plus-maze, light/dark box, open field, forced swimming) and cognitive (object and place recognition memory, cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, continuous spontaneous alternation) behavioral tests, while other mice remained in their home-cage. Relevant hippocampal features [basal c-Fos activity, GABA+, parvalbumin (PV)+ and neuropeptide Y (NPY)+ interneurons, and adult neurogenesis (cell proliferation and immature neurons)] were immunohistochemically assessed 73 days after the chronic cocaine or vehicle protocol. The cocaine-withdrawn mice showed no remarkable exploratory or emotional alterations but were consistently impaired in all the cognitive tasks. All the cocaine-withdrawn groups, independently of whether they were submitted to behavioral assessment or not, showed enhanced basal c-Fos expression and increased number of GABA+ cells in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the cocaine-withdrawn mice previously submitted to behavioral training displayed a blunted experience-dependent regulation of the dentate gyrus' PV+ and NPY+ neurons, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Results highlight the importance of hippocampal neuroplasticity for the ingrained cognitive deficits present during chronic cocaine withdrawal.
Detailed archaeomagnetic study of a ceramic workshop at Kato Achaia: New directional data and archaeomagnetic dating in Greece.
Authors: Tema E.
Published: January 2017

New  archaeomagnetic  results  from  two  ancient  kilns  excavated  at  Kato  Achaia, southern Greece, are presented. According to archaeological evidence, both kilns were part of a bigger ceramic workshop, probably used for the production of bricks or  ceramics.  Systematic  archaeomagnetic  sampling  was  carried  out  collecting  9 brick samples from the first kiln (KL3) and 12 brick samples from the second kiln (KL5). Magnetic mineralogy measurements have been carried out in order to determine the main magnetic carrier of the samples and to check their thermal stability. Standard thermal demagnetization procedures have been used to determine the archaeomagnetic direction registered by the bricks during their last firing. The direction of the Characteristic Remanent Magnetization (ChRM) has been obtained from principal component analysis and the kilns mean directions were calculated using Fisher statistics. The archaeomagnetic ages of both kilns were determined using the most recent developments in data elaboration and were calculated after comparison of the kilns declination and inclination with the reference curves produced by the SCHA.DIF.3K European regional geomagnetic field model. Dating results are in good agreement with archaeological evidence of the site and suggest that both kilns were in use during Hellenistic times.
Investigation of the mineralogical petrographic, geochemical and physical properties of carbonate rocks from Ileia Prefecture and assesment for industrial applications
Authors: Tseni X. , Koutsopoulou E. , Tsikouras B. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: January 2017

Research on carbonate rocks has been increasingly important during the last few decades, due to their numerous applications. In this paper, we examined the properties of Cretaceous carbonate rocks from the Olonos-Pindos Zone from Ileia Prefecture. The relationships between various physical properties and between petrographic features and physical properties were defined. This may lead to preliminary evaluation of carbonate rocks using microscopic investigation, which unlike the elaboration of a series of physical and mechanical properties, is a fast and inexpensive method. In addition, these properties, along with their geochemical characteristics, were used to assess the suitability of these carbonate rocks as fillers in various applications. Detailed petrographic study of the collected samples revealed the occurrence of biomicrite, intramicrite (mudstone και wackestone), biosparite (packstones and grainstones), intrasparite and rudstone. From the lower to the upper members, a decrease of the grain size of calcite is observed. X-ray diffraction study of the insoluble residue revealed the presence of quartz, chlorite, illite, smectite, and mixed layer illite-chlorite. The colour index of the investigated powdered samples is negatively influenced by the increase of organic and insoluble residue contents. The water absorption is inversely correlated with CaO content while moisture is positively correlated with insoluble residue. The grainstone and rudstone are characterized as ultra-high pure calcium limestones, except for Mg-rich crystalline dolomitic limestones. The packstones are calcium limestones of high to medium purity. Mudstones and wackestones are characterized as low calcium limestones. The results suggest that all the examined lithotypes can be used as soil conditioners and animal feed supplements; however only grainstones and rudstones are suitable for desulphurization of exhaust gasses and cement production.
Contribution to the evolution of the Perama Cave (Ioannina, NW Greece).
Authors: Ifandi E. , Tsikouras B. , Hatzipanagiotou K.
Published: January 2017

This study includes the description of thirty three speleothem types, which were found in the Perama cave, Ioannina, NW Greece, according to the international literature, along with the interpretation of their formation, for the first time in Greece. The detailed study of these speleothems coupled with observations of the way of their formation and their spatial distribution enabled us to suggest that the Perama cave evolved through a sequence of episodes that include dissolution of the host Senonian limestone, collapse of its roof formations, as well as alternating events of formation of stalactitic- and stalagmitic-type speleothems with excess water flow and/or flooding, which resulted in the development of stream formations
Stochastic analysis of earthquake activity in two seismogenic fault systems in Greece.
Authors: Gkarlaouni Ch. , Papadimitriou E. , Lasocki S. , Lizurek G. , Karakostas V. , Kilias A.
Published: January 2017

Possible systematic variations in earthquake occurrence and fluctuations in seismicity behaviourof two seismically active regions in Greece which share common seismotectonic properties, is the aim of this study. Mygdonia graben in northern Greeceis characterized by arather moderate background seismicity, with small earthquakes between 2008-2012 whereas Corinth Gulf in southern Greeceexhibits a constantly high seismicity rate with several seismic activations during the recent instrumental period or before. The statistical approach of seismicity was accomplished, regardingthe magnitude, the inter-event time and distance for recent seismicity as a tool to quantify complex earthquake occurrence ordense spatial andtemporal clustering. For this reason, complete catalogues were compiled for the time period of the study. Probabilistic tests such as the smoothed bootstrap test for modality and bump–hunt were employed in order to unveil the complexity of the probability density function distribution of the above parameters. On the other handspatial earthquake distribution wasalso investigated under the frameof their fractal properties since the fractal coefficientcan largely express the clustering degree of seismicity. The goal of this stochasticanalysisis the quantification of the differentiationin seismicity propertiesinthese two important seismogenic normal fault populations in the back arc Aegean area.
Mapping hydrothermal alteration zones from spectral band ratios: a geostatistical approach based on the stable semivariogram model
Authors: Skianis G. Aim. , Vaiopoulos A. D.
Published: January 2017

An alteration zone may be clearly expressed in an image of a spectral band ratio, as long as the spatial variation of its tonality is strong enough. A measure of the spatial variation of the target of interest (in our case the alteration zone) can be the semivariogram of the band ratio.In the present paper, the spatial variation of the band ratio, in terms of the statistical behavior of the individual bands, is studied. The semivariograms of the individual bands is simulated by the stable semivariogram model, which is quite flexible in describing the spatial variation of the tonality. The correlation between the spectral bands is also taken into account. Using proper distributions for the reflectance of individual bands and taking into account theorems of statistics, a mathematical expression for the semivariogram of the spectral band is derived. This expression provides information about how the spatial variation of the band ratio is affected by the statistical parameters of the individual bands. Experimentation with satellite images shows that theoretical predictions agree with real data.The results and conclusions of this paper may help in assessing the efficiency of the images of spectral band ratios over potential mineralization zones.
National reporting codes for the mineral industry: The case of JORC in Australia.
Authors: Kalaitzidis S.
Published: January 2017

A revised version of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves commonly called the JORC Code was released in Australia in December 2012. This paper provides a summary of the principles that guide the Code, and the definitions therein, as well as the rationality behind adopting the Code as a Public Reporting tool. Brief examples of reporting requirements are also discussed. Additionally, references and a general comparison to the Pan-European Reserves & Resources Reporting Code (PERC standard) are presented. Although, in Greece there is no relevant Regulatory Framework in place yet or enforcement of any International Code, the adaptation of PERC is probably ahead, and hence this paper aims to open the discussion among geoscientists and mining engineers for the opportunities and the challenges that they will face.
Mineralogical investigation and mineral processing of iron ore from the Skines area (Chania – West Crete)
Authors: Trichos D. , Alevizos G. , Stratakis A. , Petrakis E. , Galetakis M.
Published: January 2017

Several iron ore occurrences are placed in the island of Crete and especially in the prefectures of Chania and Rethymno (Western Crete), some of which have been occasionally exploited. The aim of the present study is the mineralogical examination and the investigation of mineral processing potential of an iron ore occurrence located in the area of Skines village near to the city of Chania. The investigated iron ore occurrence form lenses which are placed within the contact of the phyllitequartzite of Phyllite-Quarzite-Series (PQS) of Crete and the overlaid limestones. The major minerals of the iron ore are goethite, hematite and quartz, while the less common are muscovite, lepidocrocite, gibbsite, talc and pyrite. The ore microscopy exanimation indicated that an extended epigenetic ferruginisation process has taken place. In general, mineral processing by using heavy liquid and magnetic separation did not give satisfactory results, except for the size fraction -1+0,250 mm of the heavy liquid and the magnetic products of size ftactions -8+4 mm, -4+1 mm and -1+0,250 mm. Ore microscopy examination of the different size fractions indicated that the difficulties in mineral processing are closely related to the ore liberation.
A Non- Extensive statistical physics approach to the characterization of the pyroclastic deposits of the Kos volcanic center.
Authors: Vallianatos F. , Michas G. , Papadakis G. , Kyriakopoulos K. , Vasilakopoulos V.
Published: January 2017

In this paper we present a Non-Extensive Statistical Physics (NESP) approach in order to investigate the grain size distribution of pyroclastic deposits from the Kos volcanic center that cover parts of the main Kos island as well as the surrounding areas. The Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) of 161 Ka represents the largest Quaternary volcanic explosion of eastern Mediterranean. Pyroclastic deposits are formed by the fragmentation of magma and rocks, the driving mechanism of explosive volcanic activity. Rocks fragmentation can be considered in general as a non-linear process, where long-range interactions and scaling are important. It is exactly these processes that NESP was formed for to describe. The results of the analysis indicate that NESP is an appropriate framework for the statistical physics interpretation of volcanic rock fragmentation processes phenomena.
"Geo-characterization" of selected areas in Crete, Greece, towards realistic assessment of seismic design actions
Authors: Vafidis A. , Steiakakis M. , Agioutantis Z. , Andronikidis N. , Kritikakis G. , Economou N. , Pandi K. , Spanoudakis N. , Savvaidis A. , Margaris B. , Theodoulidis N. , Lekidis V. , Karakostas Ch. , Mangriotis M. D. , Kalogeras I. , Koutrakis S. , Rozos D. , Loupasakis C. , Rondoyanni Th. , Tsangaratos P. , Dikmen U. , Papadopoulos N. , Sarris A. , Soupios P. , Kokkinou E. , Papadopoulos I. , Kouli M. , Vallianatos F.
Published: January 2017

The geo-characterization of site conditions is crucial for the estimation of regional elastic  spectra.  The  work  to  be  done  in  the  framework  of  the  “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION”  THALIS-project,  will  combine  geotechnical  and geophysical methods and evaluate them to estimate critical geotechnical parameters. Although  geotechnical  tests  in  lab  may  provide  more  accurate  estimates  of geotechnical  parameters,  they  require  costly  and  time  consuming  drilling procedures.  On  the  other  hand  geophysical  methods  are  useful  in  providing estimates in situ of subsurface physical properties, which are not directly related to geotechnical parameters. Within “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” THALIS-project a pilot  survey  for  geotechnical  characterization  at  selected  sites  of  Hellenic Accelerometric  Network in  Crete  will  be  conducted  by  employing  geotechnical, geological  and  geophysical  techniques.  Subsequently,  by  correlating  “geo-data” collected within this project, relations of certain mechanical parameters obtained in laboratory  or/and  in  situ  with  geophysical  parameters  for  typical  geologic formations  and  soils  will  be  established.  The  “GEO-CHARACTERIZATION” project, will focus on the influence of dynamic loads on geotechnical phenomena related to the static stress field variation, the estimation of site effects due to seismic motion and the proposal of regional elastic spectra for seismic provisions as well as their comparison with the  corresponding elastic design spectra of  Eurocode 8 (EC8).
The influence of rockmass properties at the plastic zone around a circular tunnel
Authors: Antoniou A. , Spyropoulos I.
Published: January 2017

The influence of rockmass properties at the plastic zone around a circular tunnel. Tunneling in weak rock has to be carefully designed since the overestimation of weak rock mass properties or the underestimated design and behaviour of the support system can lead to increased cost or even to failure. Based on the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion this paper presents relation between geometrical parameters (tunnel's radius, depth, etc) and rock's mass parameters (GSI, mi, etc) with the extension of plastic zone around a circular tunnel, as well as the wall displacement of an unsupported circular tunnel. All the analyses were executed considering hydrostatic stress field and isotropic behaviour of the surrounding rock mass
Aggregate production on the Island of Crete, Greece: current production conditions and future perspective
Authors: Galetakis M. , Zourbakis V. , Koinakis I. , Leventakis K. , Alevizos G.
Published: January 2017

Aggregate production is proven crucial for any infrastructure development, including construction work, for the island of Crete (Southern Greece), due to its individual geographical characteristics. Furthermore, since construction has traditionally been a dynamic sector of national economy, aggregate production is playing a major role in the economy of the island.The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of aggregate production in the island of Crete based on past and present production data and predict future demand under current state legal framework. Aggregate production and quality data, proven reserves within the state-defined “quarrying zones”, as well as their spatial distribution are analyzed for every prefecture of the island. Prediction scenarios of future aggregate demand within the next 20 years are conducted, assuming different economic development rates. In each scenario the annual aggregate production as well as the remaining reserves per prefecture was predicted.
Geological solutions concluded by petroleum geochemical data in Western Greece
Authors: Rigakis N. , Karakitsios V. , Marnelis F. , Sotiropoulos Sp.
Published: January 2017

A detailed petroleum geochemical study has been performed in the previous years in the Western Greece. Several source rock horizons have been identified, the oil window has been calculated for the most significant sub-basins and the oil correlation study has distinguished the different oil groups of the area, generated from different hydrocarbon sources. These results are very significant and useful for the oil exploration. But, further to these, some more geochemical observations can also be very important on solving some geological problems of the area.- A major problem is the deposition and preservation of the organic matter in the Western Greece.- The dolomitization in relation with the oil generation is also an issue.- Another issue is the calculation of the eroded overburden formations thickness.- The Paleogeothermal gradient determination is also very important.The last two parameters are absolutely necessary for organic matter maturity calculations.The study of all the above parameters completes the geochemical study of the Western Greece, and in relation with other geological studies can provide solutions in the petroleum exploration of the area.
Preliminary results of REE-Y sorption on carbonate rocks
Authors: Moraetis D. , Mouslopoulou V.
Published: January 2017

The Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (REE-Y) have recently been proposed as good proxies for identifying rupture zones on carbonate fault scarps. Indeed, fluctuations in the REE-Y concentrations along a fault plane may be linked to the number and size of earthquakes that ruptured the fault. The enrichment is attributed to the contact of the soil with the carbonate fault scarp. Our study presents preliminary results from a series of experiments that aim to shed light on the mechanism associated with the REE-Y sorption on the limestone-soil interface. Rain simulation pot experiments, kinetic and isotherm batch experiments were employed to describe the mechanism of REE-Y sorption in calcite. Results reveal fast REE-Y sorption on the limestone surface after the simulation of five years of rainfall. The fast REE-Y sorption is also supported by the kinetic experiments. Isotherm tests show the higher affinity of calcite in the Light Rare Earth (LREE) compared to the Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE). The sorption of the REE in the form of carbonate complexes is proposed as a plausible mechanism of REE-Y incorporation into the limestone.
Environmental magnetism: Application to cave sediments
Authors: Aidona E. , Pechlivanidou S. , Pennos Ch.
Published: January 2017

Environmental magnetism techniques allow a rapid, low cost and sensitive characterization of sediments and can be applied in a wide range of environments. More specific, magnetic properties can be successfully used to reconstruct paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions in rockshelter and cave sites. Cave sediments, imprint the environmental conditions at the Earth’s surface at the time of deposition since are well protected both at the interior and at the entrance of the cave systems. In addition, many cultural sequences and archaeological artifacts are well preserved in rockshelter and cave sediment records and can be effectively used for paleoenvironmental interpretations. In this study we present data from two different cave sites from Northern Greece. In the first cave (Maronia Cave) magnetic measurements were performed in two cores 80 and 90 cm, respectively, located inside the cave area. High values of magnetic susceptibility are directly linked with the human activity inside the cave, while lower values show deposition under infiltration and fluvial processes. In the second cave (Mikro Eptamilon Cave), magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility depicted from a sedimentary sequence with a thickness of 200 cm, located in the entrance of the cave. Results lead to conclusions concerning the velocity of the paleo-flow likely related to the paleoclimatic conditions that dominated the broader area.