bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding Missed Code Size Optimizations in Compilers using LLMs
Authors: Italiano Davide , Cummins Chris
Published: January 2025

Compilers are complex, and significant effort has been expended on testing them. Techniques such as random program generation and differential testing have proved highly effective and have uncovered thousands of bugs in production compilers. The majority of effort has been expended on validating that a compiler produces _correct_ code for a given input, while less attention has been paid to ensuring that the compiler produces _performant_ code.

In this work we adapt differential testing to the task of identifying missed optimization opportunities in compilers. We develop a novel testing approach which combines large language models (LLMs) with a series of differential testing strategies and use them to find missing code size optimizations in C / C++ compilers.

The advantage of our approach is its simplicity. We offload the complex task of generating random code to an off-the-shelf LLM, and use heuristics and analyses to identify anomalous compiler behavior. Our approach requires fewer than 150 lines of code to implement. This simplicity makes it extensible. By simply changing the target compiler and initial LLM prompt we port the approach from C / C++ to Rust and Swift, finding bugs in both. To date we have reported 24 confirmed bugs in production compilers, and conclude that LLM-assisted testing is a promising avenue for detecting optimization bugs in real world compilers.
Pengaruh Promosi dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Online di Shopee Lincois
Authors: Maryana Dina , Ariyanto Aris
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian online di Shopee Lincois. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode asosiatif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Shopee Lincois dengan jumlah 6020 orang pada tahun 2023. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling, Dengan rumus slovin didapat sampel penelitian adalah 98 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi uji instrumen terdiri dari uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas dan autokorelasi, uji regresi linier berganda, koefisien korelasi, uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari uji t secara parsial dan uji f secara simultan, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa promosi memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai  >  atau (13,542 > 1,985) dan diperkuat dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Harga  memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai  >  atau (15,578 > 1,985) dan diperkuat dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Promosi dan harga dan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan nilai  >   atau ((134,789> 3,090) dan diperkuat dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05 dan di dapat persamaan regresi linier berganda Y = 5,927 + 0,305 X1 + 0,568 X2 + α. Hasil nilai R-square (koefisien determinasi) sebesar 0,739, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel kualitas produk (X1) dan kualitas pelayanan (X2) secara bersama sama memiliki kontribusi pengaruh terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan (Y) sebesar 73,9% sedangkan sisanya sebesar (100%-73,9% ) yaitu 26,1% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor atau variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.
Analisis Struktur Modal, Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Aktivitas dan Rasio Profitabilitas Untuk Mengukur Kinerja Kuangan pada PT Waskita Karya Tbk Periode 2014-2023
Authors: Azzahra Adinda Dwi , Budhiarjo Intan Sari
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Kinerja Keuangan PT Waskita Karya Tbk Periode 2014-2023 ditinjau dengan Struktur Modal, Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Aktivitas dan Rasio Profitabilitas. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Struktur Modal yaitu Debt To Asset Ratio diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 79% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik” dan Debt to Equity Ratio diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 418% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik”, artinya perusahaan lebih banyak memiliki hutang dari pada aset dan hutangnya tidak mampu dibayar dengan ekuitas yang dimiliki. Rasio Likuiditas perusahaan yang dihitung dengan menggunakan Current Ratio diperoleh nilai rata- rata sebesar 124% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik”, perhitungan Quick Ratio diperoleh nilai rata- rata sebesar 113% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik” dan Cash Ratio diperoleh nilai rata- rata sebesar 26% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik”,artinya perusahaan belum mampu membayar kewajiban hutang- hutangnya dalam jangka pendek. Rasio Aktivitas perusahaan dengan menggunakan Inventory Turn Over diperoleh nilai rata-rata 762% “Sangat Baik” artinya perusahaan berhasil mengelola persediaannya dengan efisien dan pada Total Asset Turn Over hasil rata-rata 27% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik” artinya perusahaan belum efesien dalam pengelolaan aset untuk menghasilkan pendapatan. Hasil perhitungan Rasio Profitabilitas perusahaan pada Return On Invesment hasil rata- rata 3% dinyatakan “Kurang Baik” dan Return On Equity hasil rata- rata 19% kondisi “Kurang Baik” artinya investasi yang kurang memadai dan perusahaan belum efesien dalam menghasilkan laba dari ekuitas.
Evolução da comunicação de agências reguladoras dos serviços de água e esgotamento sanitário entre 2019 e 2023
Authors: Carvalho Débora da Costa
Published: January 2025

As agências reguladoras desempenham um papel de extrema importância na sociedade, pois têm a responsabilidade de assegurar que os usuários dos serviços públicos não sejam prejudicados pelo formato monopolístico ou oligopolístico em que esses serviços são prestados. Para alcançar esse objetivo, é essencial que os usuários tenham conhecimento da existência dessas agências e compreendam como podem se beneficiar de seus serviços. A comunicação eficaz entre as agências reguladoras e a população é, portanto, um elemento central para garantir que os direitos dos consumidores sejam protegidos e que a qualidade dos serviços seja mantida em níveis adequados. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a evolução da comunicação de 46 agências reguladoras de água e esgotamento sanitário brasileiras, municipais e estaduais, no período de 2019 a 2023, utilizando a metodologia proposta por Carvalho (2019), que consistiu em atribuir uma pontuação para cada agência de acordo com itens de comunicação observados nos meios eletrônicos. Os resultados apontam que as agências reguladoras municipais são menos eficazes do que as agências estaduais em se comunicar e/ou se fazer acessíveis para o público, recebendo menor pontuação nos quesitos de comunicação nos meios eletrônicos. Além disso, mostra-se que houve um pequeno aumento na pontuação das agências reguladoras municipais entre 2019 e 2023, enquanto as agências estaduais apresentaram uma pequena redução em sua pontuação no mesmo período. A pesquisa conclui que é necessário melhorias por parte das agências (principalmente as municipais) em se comunicar com o seu público através dos meios eletrônicos, a fim de aumentar a sua visibilidade na sociedade e, com isso facilitar a execução da sua atividade-fim, que é proteger os usuários contra abusos por parte dos prestadores dos serviços regulados.
ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ НА ІННОВАЦІЙНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Портной Євген
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена важливій проблемі щодо обґрунтування теоретичних аспектів і розробка практичних рекомендацій щодо впливу цифрової трансформації на інноваційну діяльність підприємств. Представлена дефініція поняття «інноваційна діяльність». Проаналізовано обсяг асигнувань державного бюджету на НДДКР, валові внутрішні витрати приватних підприємств на НДДКР та частка валових внутрішніх витрат підприємств у% до ВВП країн ЄС у 2023 р. Визначено зміст поняття інноваційно-активне підприємство. Наведені дані довідкового опитування щодо інновацій у компаніях – загальна кількість одиниць інноваційно активних підприємств в країнах ЄС та статистичні дані Державної служби статистики України у 2022 р., а також частка інноваційно-активних підприємств у країнах ЄС: Бельгія (70,3 % усіх підприємств), Греція (65,5%), Німеччина(63,6 %), Нідерланди (63,4 %), Італія (63,1%). Розкрито результати інноваційної діяльності на мікро- та макрорівнях: важливість інновацій для підприємства – це конкурентна перевага, максимальна окупність інвестицій (ROI), підвищення продуктивності, позитивний вплив на корпоративну культуру; роль інновацій у суспільстві полягає у впливі на економічне зростання, майбутнє робочих місць, підвищення добробуту, скорочення бідності, голоду, захворювань, розширення спілкування та доступу до освіти, підвищення екологічної стійкості. Дано визначення цифрових інновацій, розкрито позитивний вплив цифрової трансформації на інноваційну діяльність підприємств.
ФІНАСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НЕПРИБУТКОВИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ
Authors: Горват Тетяна , Лугош Лариса , Ігнатко Яна
Published: January 2025

Статтю присвячено оцінці фінансового забезпечення діяльності вітчизняних неприбуткових організацій, зокрема, висвітленню джерел фінансування та викликів, з якими стикаються такі організації. Розглянуто ключові особливості фінансової діяльності неприбуткових організацій, зокрема їх відмінності від комерційних структур, а також роль фінансування у забезпеченні стабільності та ефективності їх функціонування. Проаналізовано основні джерела фінансування, серед яких державні субсидії, гранти, добровільні пожертви, доходи від господарської діяльності та альтернативні шляхи фінансування. Окреслено вимоги щодо прозорості та ефективності використання фінансових ресурсів, а також важливість дотримання законодавчих норм та забезпечення підзвітності. Показано, що ефективне фінансове управління є основою для успішної реалізації соціальних проєктів неприбутковими організаціями та їх сталого розвитку.
Mapping decision-making pathways: Determination of intervention entry points for diagnostic tests in suspected serious infection
Authors: Naseem Raasti , Howe Nicola , Pretorius Sara , Williams Cameron , Lendrem Clare , Pallmann Philip , Carrol Enitan D ,   PROTECT study team
Published: January 2025

Background PROTECT (Platform Randomised evaluation of clinical Outcomes using novel TEChnologies to optimise antimicrobial Therapy) has brought together a team of researchers to design a platform trial to rapidly evaluate and adopt into care multiple diagnostic technologies, bringing immediate benefit to patients. Rapid diagnostic tests will be used to identify patients at risk of deterioration from severe infection, before they become critically unwell. The platform will assess their comparative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness relative to current standard of care. Preliminary work, conducted under a Health Technology Assessment Application Acceleration Award, provided key evidence to optimise the design of the PROTECT platform. Methods Qualitative methods which involved consulting key stakeholders in the field of serious infection addressed the key priorities. A high-level care pathway analysis focusing on serious infection in secondary care, captured the points of contact, actions, decisions, and potential outcomes associated with a patient’s care. Results Two use cases of rapid diagnostic tests for serious infection were identified; (1) in acute emergency medicine to decide on antimicrobial initiation and/or escalation of care, and (2) in hospitalised patients to monitor treatment response. The “ideal” test should be rapid, point-of-care, cheap to procure, have capacity for high usability, and ability to be performed and interpreted by all staff. Facilitators to the adoption of infection diagnostic tests is their clinical need, and the main potential barrier is poor change management and behavioural change. Conclusions Any new test should provide robust evidence of its clinical effectiveness and have the potential to accelerate ruling in or out serious infection which benefits the clinical pathway for patients, clinicians, and hospitals as a whole, to be considered for adoption as a new standard of care.
UNDERSTANDING HOW AMERICAN SCHOOL DISTRICT ADMINISTRATORS FROM THE MIDWEST MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT POLICE PRESENCE IN US SCHOOLS
Authors: Burzynski Evangelia , Myers Nate
Published: January 2025

Since the 1950s, police presence in American schools has increased in the form of school resource officers (SROs). Some schools have elected to staff SROs on their school grounds, while others have chosen to avoid police presence at their school site. It is poorly understood how school administrators make decisions about staffing SROs in their schools and what the perceived impact of the SROs is on the school environment. This research attempts to understand how school administrators make decisions about whether to add, maintain, or eliminate SROs in their schools. The recent historical use of police in American schools is reviewed while utilizing the policy streams model as a theoretical lens. This qualitative, interview-based case study examined how 10 midwestern k-12 school districts decided to add, eliminate, or maintain SROs. Analyzed data offered comprehensive insights into the decision-making processes and key factors involved. Findings revealed the influence of student safety, emotional triggers, and budget considerations on administrators' choices regarding SRO presence.
Keywords: arrest rates, school district administrators, mental health, policing, school resource officers
Professional Self-Organization Of a Teacher-Manager
Authors:   Українська державна льотна академія, Тернавська Тетяна
Published: January 2025

Монографія присвячена професійній самоорганізації викладачаменеджера. Автором теоретично проаналізовано напрямки роботи
педагогічного/науково-педагогічного працівника зі здобувачами освіти, форми
та методи освітньої діяльності в умовах дистанційного навчання під час
військового стану у державі. Охарактеризовано основні переваги
неформальної/інформальної освіти з точки зору комунікативного аспекту в
умовах воєнного стану. Наголошено на необхідності паралельного формування
комунікативної компетентності та збереження стабільного психологічного
стану усіх учасників освітнього процесу.
Монографія може використовуватися педагогічними та науковопедагогічними працівниками в організації освітнього процесу для здобувачів
другого (магістерського) та третього (освітньо-наукового) рівнів вищої освіти
спеціальності 011 Освітні, педагогічні науки, 081 Право, 073 Менеджмент,
272 Авіаційний транспорт.
Ferramentas digitais alternativas na interpretação de mapas pedológicos: Um estudo de caso para o município de Alta Floresta, Estado de Mato Grosso (MT), Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Ademilso Sampaio de
Published: January 2025

As informações ambientais vêm sendo utilizadas cada vez mais, para um melhor direcionamento na agricultura sustentável. O uso de Banco de Informações Ambientais (BDiA) informa os tipos de solos de ocorrência no município de Alta Floresta-MT e suas características físicas, químicas e morfológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso de ferramentas digitais do BDiA, especificamente na interpretação de mapas pedológicos no município de Alta Floresta, no estado do Mato Grosso. O BDiA é um banco de dados que reúne informações sobre diferentes aspectos ambientais, incluindo características do solo, vegetação, geomorfologia, geologia. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foi utilizado o aplicativo BDiA, disponibilizado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), para essa pesquisa, foram utilizados os dados de pedologia posteriormente editados para melhor representação das análise e o mapeamento de solo no município. Foram retirados do BDiA 14 pontos de coleta de amostragem, cujos solos foram interpretados e analisados através de dados secundários. Os solos apresentam grande diversidade no município de Alta Floresta, destes, foram descritos nove perfis de ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO (PVA), dois perfis de NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO (RQ), dois perfis de LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO (LVA) e um perfil de CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO (CX). Concluiu-se que a utilização do BDiA na produção e interpretação de mapas pedológicos tem implicações significativas para a área ambiental e, a partir do momento em que se tem acesso a informações mais precisas e atualizadas sobre os solos, é possível desenvolver estratégias mais eficazes de manejo e conservação.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes internados por dependência alcoólica em uma clínica psiquiátrica privada em Cascavel, Estado do Paraná (PR), Brasil
Authors: Trevisan Julia Maria , Rocha Nathan dos Santos , Caporal Marcelo Rodrigo , Colognese Gabriela Frigotto , Santos Eduardo Gobo dos , Oliveira Argonio Bryan Silva de
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: o objetivo deste presente artigo foi identificar fatores que convergem em relação ao perfil dos pacientes acometidos pela dependência alcóolica e, dessa forma, facilitar a busca por ações que direcionem à redução dessa doença. Metodologia: as informações deste estudo foram obtidas pelo método analítico-observacional, por meio da análise em prontuários médicos em uma clínica psiquiátrica privada no município de cascavel, no estado do paraná (PR), Brasil, e tabulados os dados encontrados sobre idade, sexo, tempo de permanência em instituição psiquiátrica e doenças associadas ao diagnóstico principal: transtorno mental e comportamental devido ao uso de álcool – síndrome da dependência. Conclusão: a presença majoritária no sexo masculino foi significante, diferentemente da idade, que não demonstrou significativa prevalência. Em relação às doenças associadas, as mais comumente encontradas foram os transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de cocaína e o transtorno afetivo bipolar. Sobre o tempo de permanência na clínica, o estudo demonstrou que a maioria seguiu o padrão de internação de 3 meses (permitido pela legislação brasileira em caso de internação involuntária) e obtiveram alta próximo a esse período. Além disso, foi possível observar que tais dados convergem com estudos presentes na literatura, demonstrando que o perfil epidemiológico encontrado possui similaridades entre outras regiões do mundo.
Mortalidade em internações por Pneumonia em crianças e adolescentes mato-grossenses no período de 2013 a 2023
Authors: Galli Isabelle Cadore , Miranda Anna Karolyne Rodrigues de , Martelli Gabriel Vinícius , Curvo Gabriela Cardozo Mendonça , Pereira Julia Salvatori Piovesan , Futigami Leonardo Vieira , Ribeiro Matheus de Souza
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Analisar a mortalidade decorrente de internações por pneumonia entre crianças e adolescentes residentes no estado de Mato Grosso no período de 2013 a 2023. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, com delineamento temporal, baseado em dados secundários obtidos do SIH-DATASUS, abrangendo notificações entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2023. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos com idade inferior a 1 ano até 19 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, cor/raça, caráter do atendimento, estabelecimento, macrorregião de saúde, ano/mês de processamento, média de permanência e óbitos. Resultados: Foram registradas 61.918 internações de crianças e adolescentes por pneumonia no estado de Mato Grosso, com 440 óbitos hospitalares, representando uma média mensal de 3,33 óbitos. Crianças menores de 1 ano concentraram 43,4% das mortes. O mês de abril apresentou o maior número de óbitos, com 54 registros e uma taxa de letalidade de 0,74%. A mortalidade entre meninos foi 25,64% maior em comparação às meninas. Em 2022, os óbitos superaram os anos com maior incidência de pneumonia, possivelmente devido à redução da imunidade inata pelo menor contato com o pneumococo durante o isolamento social na pandemia. Conclusão: A pneumonia e seus desfechos mais graves afetam principalmente crianças menores de 1 ano, com maior incidência no sexo masculino. Dessa forma, destaca-se a relevância de medidas protetoras, como a atualização do calendário vacinal e o incentivo ao aleitamento materno, como estratégias fundamentais para diminuir a elevada taxa de mortalidade observada no estado.
Baroreflex sensitivity determined by spectral method and heart rate variability, and two-years mortality in patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Honzíková N , Semrád B , Fišer B , Lábrová R
Published: January 2025

Sympathetic overactivity and low parasympathetic activity is an autonomic dysfunction (AD) which enhances cardiac mortality. In the present study, the impact of AD on the mortality in patients after myocardial infarction was evaluated. We examined 162 patients 7-21 days after myocardial infarction, 20 patients of whom died in the course of two years. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was estimated by spectral analysis of spontaneous fluctuations of systolic blood pressure and cardiac intervals (Finapres, 5 min recording, controlled breathing 20/min). The heart rate variability was determined as SDNN index (mean of standard deviations of RR intervals for all 5-min segments of 24-hour ECG recordings). BRS < 3 ms/mm Hg and/or SDNN index < 30 ms were taken as markers of AD. The risk stratification was performed according to the number of the following standard risk factors of increased risk of cardiac mortality (SRF): ejection fraction < 40 %, positive late potentials and the presence of ventricular extrasystoles > 10/h. No difference in mortality between patients with AD (4 %) and without AD (4.5 %) was found in 92 patients without SRF, the mortality in 6 patients with three SRF was 66.6 %. Five of these patients had AD. Out of 64 patients with one or two SRF, 32 had AD. The mortality of patients without AD was 6.25 % and 31.2 % of those with AD (p<0.025). It is concluded that AD enhanced two-years mortality five fold in our patients with moderate risks.
Mars Mission Communication Delays and Impact on Mission Controller Performance, Workload, and Stress
Authors: Diamond Madison , Leon Gloria R. , de León Pablo
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Mission Controllers (MCs) are the main point of contact for space crews and are vital for successful human spaceflight. On a mission to Mars, there will be as long as 22-min one-way communication delays between the ground and the crew, causing major changes to current communication infrastructures.

METHODS: This exploratory study assessed the impact of a 20-min one-way communication delay on MCs’ task performance, workload, and stress levels under nominal and off-nominal conditions, conducted during a 21-d analog mission.

RESULTS: Decrements in performance were noted on both nominal and off-nominal task completion in time-delay conditions [100% of real-time (rt) tasks complete, 16.7% of time-delay (td) tasks incomplete; 12.50% of nominal tasks and 33.33% of off-nominal tasks were incomplete]; more errors on task record forms (td = 6 forms, rt = 1 form); higher ratings of workload burden (nominal, td workload = 38.64; off-nominal, td workload = 58.72; nominal, rt workload = 34.00, off-nominal, rt workload = 52.78). No significant changes in MC stress levels were detected in rt compared to td, but MCs did report greater stress during off-nominal tasks compared to nominal tasks. The crew, however, were unable to detect these changes in MC stress levels.

DISCUSSION: Overall, these findings point to the importance of future research focused on MC training and adapting MC’s operations for time-delayed missions. Further studies of time-delayed analog missions could help determine additional solutions focused on technology advances.

Diamond M, Leon GR, de León P. Mars mission communication delays and impact on mission controller performance, workload, and stress. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2025; 96(1):67–70.
Pedagogical Activity of Zakhar Fedorovich Dorofeev (based on the documents of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia)
Authors:   Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, Russia, Kartashov Andrei V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The present article attempts to examine the stages of
the life path of Z. F. Dorofeev, a teacher, public educator, ethnographer
and writer, who devoted his life to the study of the history, language and
folklore of the Mordva, and to the development of ethnographic research,
restored with the help of archival documents. Methods. The chronological and biographical method, analysis of archival documents were
used. Results and Discussion. The article describes the key stages of
Z. F. Dorofeev's activity as a folk enlightener, educational organizer, researcher-ethnographer, state and public figure. Special attention is paid
to his achievements in each of these spheres. Z. F. Dorofeev is known as
the author of textbooks and methodical manuals that take into account
national and age specifics of Moksha students. The study of the stages
of his research, teaching and management career can contribute to the
study and enrichment of the practical experience of national pedagogy.
In the 1920s, Z. F. Dorofeev was transferred to work in Moscow, to the
People's Commissariat of the RSFSR, continuing his work on the education of the Mordovian population and the creation of textbooks in
the Mordovian language, as well as the organization of the Mordovian
Soviet statehood. In addition, Z. F. Dorofeev is the author of many children's literary works, translator of children's and classical literature into
the Mordovian language. Conclusion. The author introduces a number
of historical and archival materials from the Central State Archive of the
Republic of Mordovia, where the personal fund of Z. F. Dorofeev's documents is located (69 cases; documents for 1906-1972: personal documents, biographical materials, letters of Z. F. Dorofeev, correspondence
of various persons about his work, songs, poems, fairy tales in Mordovian and Russian languages), analyzing them from the point of view of
stages of Z. F. Dorofeev's life path and achievements.
Study of the Problem of Morbidity of the Population of the Astrakhan Oblast with Infectious Diseases in the 1980s
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Elista, Russia, Baduginova Margarita V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The study of the spread of infectious diseases among the
population in endemic areas in different chronological frames, the experience of combating these diseases provide an understanding of the
development of effective preventive work. This is especially true for the
regions located in the south-eastern part of Russia, where there is still
a threat of epidemics of dangerous infections. The experience of fighting
infectious diseases and identifying effective preventive measures is an
important task for the state. Methods. Both general scientific and special historical research methods were used. The quantitative (statistical)
method was used to analyse changes in the structure of morbidity in
Astrakhan Oblast. Results and Discussion. In the 1980s, acute respiratory infections and influenza prevailed among the causes of temporary
disability in the USSR, and the situation in Astrakhan Oblast was similar.
The morbidity situation was aggravated by the fact that for centuries this
was an unfavourable territory in terms of sanitary condition, and there
were natural foci of dangerous diseases in the region. There was a high
incidence of acute intestinal infections, and vaccination was weakened
during the study period. Conclusion. The development of the region's industry in the previous decades and, as a consequence, the deterioration
of the environmental situation significantly influenced the quantitative
indicators on the incidence of infectious diseases. This was also influenced by geographical and climatic conditions, as well as the general
economic and political situation in the country.
Sergey Alexandrovich Tokarev: His Family, Friends, and Students
Authors: Elkova Elena Yu. , Tokareva Evgeniya S.
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the genealogy of the distinguished Soviet ethnographer Sergei Alexandrovich Tokarev, which is documented in the family archive. His mother was a descendant of the esteemed Tula clergy families Darsky, Karkadinovsky and Lyapidevsky, his father Alexander Ivanovich Tokarev was an outstanding teacher, state councilor, inspector of the Tula gymnasium, and later a teacher in the city of Aleksin school, who also founded a school for the peasants of the village of Shchukino in the Tula province. The article delineates the influence of parents and other relatives on the formation of personality, habits and beliefs of Sergei Alexandrovich Tokarev. The article also elucidates his role in the lives of his brother and sister, children and grandchildren, as well as numerous Russian and foreign students. The distinctive character traits of S. A. Tokarev, including kindness, remarkable memory, incredible efficiency, broad perspectives, dedication to hard work and an insatiable appetite for knowledge, along with other qualities that distinguish him among his relatives and colleagues, have ensured that he will be remembered not only in the annals of science but also in the hearts of people.
Integrating environmental effects in the benefit-risk assessment of therapeutic products: a proposal and example for sustainable health and healthcare
Authors: Giovagnoni Emiliano , Mattoli Luisa , Cossu Andrea , Murgia Vitalia
Published: January 2025

To mitigate healthcare’s unintended effects, environmental risk data such as ecotoxicity and environmental contamination need to be considered by all stakeholders in the healthcare value chain. As decision-makers and educators, healthcare providers are in a unique position to make healthcare delivery more sustainable. However, current benefit-risk assessments of therapeutic products do not systematically include environmental risk data. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature and regulatory context and propose expanding benefit-risk assessments of therapeutic products to include an evidence-based evaluation of environmental impact to inform decision-making. Our findings indicate that environmental risk assessments need to be broadened to include aspects such as excipients, synergistic effects of contaminants, and risks to humans (e.g., drinking water). Concrete proposals to improve current regulatory guidelines for environmental risk assessment already exist. Open access databases on environmental risk of substances used in products for human consumption are available. The European Union Regulation on Medical Devices provides the basis for evidence-based approach to developing sustainable therapeutic products based on natural substances. Based on this, the here promoted decision scheme for healthcare providers (and other stakeholders) involves comparing the clinical safety and efficacy of therapeutic products; comparing environmental impact data; and then deciding. A case example involving the treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia is presented. We provide suggestions for integrating persistence and ecotoxicity data into clinical practice. Expanding the benefit-risk assessment to include data on environmental impact during clinical decision-making is a way to achieve a healthier outcome for all.
Understanding the entrepreneurial capacity of university students: an empirical study at Milagro State University, Ecuador
Authors: D'Armas Regnault Mayra , Fajardo Vaca Ligia , Mejías-Acosta Agustín , Noboa Romero Pedro , Álvarez Baque Wellington , Vidal-Silva Cristian
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurship is an essential driver of economic development, fostering innovation, job creation, and business growth. Universities play a crucial role in nurturing entrepreneurial capacity among students, making it imperative to identify and understand the factors influencing this capacity. This study investigates the determinants of entrepreneurial capacity among students at Milagro State University (UNEMI), utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework. A comprehensive measurement instrument was designed and administered to a sample of 2,570 students, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings highlight that personal attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly influence students' entrepreneurial intentions, whereas subjective norms show no direct effect. These insights provide valuable guidance for the development of targeted policies and educational strategies to enhance the education of university entrepreneurship, ultimately contributing to regional economic development.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy in the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Boonstra Kirsten , Pattynama Lisanne M. D. , van Herwaarden Yasmijn J. , Eshuis Wietse J. , Pouw Roos E.
Published: January 2025

Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is a promising and versatile intervention for managing transmural defects in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Despite challenges, EVT exhibits great efficacy and safety, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols and evidence-based practices. We provide an overview, including mechanism, indications, types of EVT devices and complications, guiding clinicians in decision-making. Common challenges in EVT are highlighted, facilitating adequate implementation of EVT and helping to avoid common mistakes in daily practice.
The association between white blood cell counts and metabolic health obesity among US adults
Authors: Li Zhanbin , Yao Zhenyu , Liu Qiaoran
Published: January 2025

Background

The correlation between white cell count and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) remains elusive among obese American adults. This study endeavors to elucidate this association.

Methods

This study enrolled 6,580 obese patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Obesity phenotypes were defined by presence/absence of metabolic syndrome components. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between white cell count and MHO occurrence. Restricted cubic spline analysis characterized dose–response relationships, and stratified analyses explored these relationships across sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Results

In this study, MHO prevalence is 11.9% among obese adults. The risk of MHO was inversely correlated with WBC [OR (95%): 0.81 (0.76, 0.86), p < 0.001], lymphocytes [OR (95%): 0.56 (0.47, 0.68), p < 0.001], monocytes [OR (95%): 0.41 (0.22, 0.75), p = 0.004], and neutrophils count [OR (95%): 0.82 (0.76, 0.88), p < 0.001]. WBC and neutrophils showed L-shaped associations, while lymphocytes, monocytes, and RBCs had linear patterns. Furthermore, stratified analyses demonstrated blood cell counts consistently predicted MHO risk across subgroups.

Conclusion

In this study, we provide novel insights into the association between blood cell count and the presence of MHO among obese individuals. Blood cell count is an accessible biomarker for dynamically tracking the presence of MHO.
Comparative study on the bioavailability and bioequivalence of rifapentine capsules in humans
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhao Pengfei
Published: January 2025

Introduction

: Rifapentine, a potent semi-synthetic member of the rifamycin class, is approved for the treatment of tuberculosis due to its effective bactericidal properties. It is essential to assess the bioequivalence and bioavailability of different rifapentine formulations to ensure consistent clinical outcomes. This study compares the pharmacokinetic profiles of test and reference rifapentine capsules in healthy male volunteers.

Methods

In this single-dose, randomized, crossover study, 19 healthy male volunteers aged 18–40 received 0.6 g of either the test or reference rifapentine capsules. The reference is an NMPA-approved product, while the test is a modified version intended to match it in safety and efficacy; both contain the same active ingredient but may differ in excipients or manufacturing processes. Blood samples were collected at predefined intervals over a 84-h period following administration to measure rifapentine plasma concentrations using UPLC. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, including maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), were calculated and analyzed for bioequivalence.

Results

The pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that both formulations of rifapentine had similar absorption rates and extent of exposure. The mean Cmax, Tmax, and AUC values were closely aligned between the two formulations. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and bioequivalence testing, confirmed that the 90% confidence intervals for the primary pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞) fell within the acceptable range of 80%–125% for bioequivalence. Both formulations were well-tolerated with no serious adverse events reported.

Discussion

The results of this study confirm the bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of rifapentine under the conditions tested. These findings support the interchangeable use of these formulations in clinical practice for the treatment of tuberculosis. This study contributes to the body of evidence needed to ensure that patients receive a consistent therapeutic effect when administered either formulation of rifapentine.

Conclusion

The bioequivalence demonstrated between the test and reference rifapentine capsules supports their use in clinical settings where rifapentine is indicated for tuberculosis therapy. This study provides a robust foundation for the regulatory approval of generic formulations of rifapentine, ensuring that patients have access to effective and lower-cost medication options.
A systematic literature review on digital literacy, employability, and innovative work behavior: emphasizing the contextual approaches in HRM research
Authors: Caroline Angela , Coun Martine J. H. , Gunawan Agus , Stoffers Jol
Published: January 2025

Knowledge Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 require workers with adaptable employability skills and who engage in innovative work behavior that help companies to create innovative products and processes that are difficult for competitors to imitate. Extant research examines employability, and innovative work behavior, but there are still few articles that include digital literacy in their study. In fact, digital literacy is closely related to human resources in the new workforce whose daily activities are closely related to digital technology. Through bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review of the interplay among digital literacy, employability, and innovative work behavior we synthesize research trends, measurements, theoretical frameworks, and conceptual models on these topics. In addition, some contextual considerations will be utilized to ensure accurate data interpretation. Findings suggest that there is no generic measure of digital literacy, especially in business contexts, that links this concept to either employability or innovative work behavior. Digital literacy is particularly important to increase employability and stimulate both innovative behavior and performance. Future research should explore these topics using various methodologies and theoretical frameworks, combining them with multiple perceptions across workers and countries, especially considering the pace of technological development.
Perceived stress and family adaptability in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: the chain-mediated effect of social support and family resilience
Authors: Li Xiaoru , Zhu Yu , Wan Hongwei
Published: January 2025

Objective

Patients with head and neck tumors undergoing radiotherapy are burdened with a variety of disease-related stressors that may affect their family adaptability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and family adaptability in patients with head and neck tumors and to analyze whether social support and family resilience play a mediating role in this relationship.

Methods

The convenience sample approach was utilized to recruit 316 patients with head and neck tumors who received radiation. Self-developed general information questionnaires, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales, Social Support Rating Scale, the Shortened Chinese Version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and Family Adaptability Scale were used to collect data. Bootstrap methods to analyze independent and chained mediation effects between variables.

Results

The research participants had a mean age of 43.63 ± 12.78 years, were mostly male (61.7%), married (85.8%), had a university education (51.6%), were uninsured (50.9%), had ear, nose, and throat tumors (56.3%), and had an illness duration of 1-6 months (43.4%). The findings of the chain mediation effect research indicate that the direct negative effect of perceived stress on family adaptability (-0.163) accounted for 45.63% of the overall effect (-0.355), while the indirect effect (-0.194) accounted for 54.37%. Perceived stress independently mediated family adaptability through social support (effect: -0.062) and family resilience (effect: -0.080), with the independent mediator effect accounting for 32.12% and 41.45% of the indirect effect, respectively, and chain-mediated mediation of social support and family resilience, with the chain effect (-0.051) accounting for 31.30%.

Conclusion

Perceived stress in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy directly or indirectly negatively affects family adaptability. Clinical staff should meet the patient’s health care service needs while also utilizing the family’s internal and external resources to reduce disease-related stress and improve family adaptability.
How family sports behavior shapes adolescent sleep: mediating effects in causation
Authors: Wu Wenqi , Xie Aoming , Li Xiaotian , Xun Yiran
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to describe adolescent sleep and explore its association with physical activity, focusing on the mediating role of family physical behavior.

Methods

Data were sourced from the Chinese Adolescent Health Database, which included responses from 7,482 adolescents aged 12–18 years about sleep, personal physical activity, and family physical activity. Using two-stage least squares (2-SLS), we examined the relationship between adolescent sleep, personal physical activity, and father’s physical activity habits (as instrumental variables). A mediating variable, family physical behavior, was introduced to investigate causal pathways.

Results

2-SLS regression revealed a significant positive correlation between physical activity and sleep quality (β = 0.052, p<0.01). With the inclusion of the instrumental variable (father’s physical activity habits), the effect size increased to 0.208 (p<0.01). Adding family physical behavior as a mediating variable further increased the coefficient by 0.1437. The analysis showed that 84.62% of the total effect of physical activity on sleep was mediated, while the direct effect accounted for only 15.53%. Both F-statistics were significant.

Conclusion

Family physical behaviors significantly enhance the positive impact of physical activity on adolescent sleep. Promoting family sports participation is essential for fostering healthy lifestyles and improving adolescent sleep quality. This highlights the need for interventions that incorporate family physical activities into adolescent health strategies.
Data recording and use of data tools for pig health management: perspectives of stakeholders in pig farming
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Knörr Andrea , Garcia Morante Beatriz , Correia-Gomes Carla , Dieste Pérez Lucia , Segalés Joaquim , Sibila Marina , Vilalta Carles , Burrell Alison , Tobias Tijs , Siegrist Michael , Bearth Angela
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Data-driven strategies might combat the spreading of infectious pig disease and improve the early detection of potential pig health problems. The current study aimed to explore individual views on data recording and use of data tools for pig health management by recruiting stakeholders (N = 202) in Spain, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

Methods

Questionnaire focused on current on-farm challenges, current status of data recording on farms, and evaluation of the two mock data tools. Particularly, “benchmarking tool” was designed to visualize individual farm’s pig mortality, targeting the management of infectious respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases; and “early-warning tool” was designed to generate an alarm through monitoring coughs in pigs, targeting the management of infectious respiratory diseases.

Results

Results showed that respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases and aggressive behaviors were the most frequently mentioned health challenge and welfare challenge, respectively. Most of the data was more frequently recorded electronically than on paper. In general, the “benchmarking tool” was perceived as useful for the management of infectious respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, and the “early-warning tool” was evaluated as useful for the management of infectious respiratory diseases. Several barriers to the perceived usefulness of these two tools were identified, such as the lack of contextual information, inconvenience of data input, limited internet access, reliance on one’s own experience and observation, technical hurdles, and mistrust of information output. The perceived usefulness of both tools was higher among highly educated participants, and those who reported being integrators and positive toward technology for disease control. Female participants and those who came from integrated farms evaluated the “early-warning tool” as more useful compared to their counterparts. The perceived usefulness of the “early-warning tool” was negatively affected by age and work experience, but positively affected by extensiveness of data recording, positive attitude toward technology, and the current use of technology.

Discussion

In summary, participants showed optimistic views on the use of data tools to support their decision-making and management of infectious pig respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. It is noteworthy that data tools should not only convey the value of data for informed decision-making but also consider stakeholders’ preconditions and needs for data tools.
An Improved iTransformer with RevIN and SSA for Greenhouse Soil Temperature Prediction
Authors: Wang Fahai , Wang Yiqun , Chen Wenbai , Zhao Chunjiang
Published: January 2025

In contemporary agricultural practices, greenhouses serve as a critical component of infrastructure, where soil temperature plays a vital role in enhancing pest management and regulating crop growth. However, achieving precise greenhouse environmental control continues to pose a significant challenge. In this context, the present study proposes ReSSA-iTransformer, an advanced predictive model engineered to accurately forecast soil temperatures within greenhouses across diverse temporal scales, encompassing both long-term and short-term horizons. This model capitalizes on the iTransformer time-series forecasting framework and integrates Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) to decompose environmental variables, thereby augmenting the extraction of pivotal features, such as soil temperature. Furthermore, to mitigate the prevalent distribution shift issues inherent in time-series data, Reversible Instance Normalization (RevIN) is incorporated within the model architecture. ReSSA-iTransformer is adept at executing multi-step forecasts for both extended and immediate future intervals, thereby offering comprehensive predictive capabilities. Empirical evaluations substantiate that ReSSA-iTransformer surpasses conventional models, including LSTM, Informer, and Autoformer, across all assessed metrics. Specifically, it attained R2 coefficients of 98.51%, 97.03%, 97.26%, and 94.83%, alongside MAE values of 0.271, 0.501, 0.648, and 1.633 for predictions at 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h intervals, respectively. These results highlight the model’s superior accuracy and robustness. Ultimately, ReSSA-iTransformer not only provides dependable soil temperature forecasts but also delivers actionable insights, thereby facilitating enhanced greenhouse management practices.
Influence of Irrigation and Water Use on the Agronomic Traits of Crops
Authors: Wang Ruoshui , Han Yuguo , Zhang Tibin , Han Qibiao
Published: January 2025

Water scarcity is a significant challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture [...]