bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products protects from ischemia- and reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Miyagawa Taro , Iwata Yasunori , Oshima Megumi , Ogura Hisayuki , Sato Koichi , Nakagawa Shiori , Yamamura Yuta , Kamikawa Yasutaka , Miyake Taito , Kitajima Shinji , Toyama Tadashi , Hara Akinori , Sakai Norihiko , Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Munesue Seiichi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi
Published: November 2021

The full-length receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE ligand of damage-associated molecular patterns that elicits inflammatory reactions. The shedded isoform of RAGE and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), a splice variant, are soluble isoforms (sRAGE) that act as organ-protective decoys. However, the pathophysiologic roles of RAGE/sRAGE in acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. We found that AKI was more severe, with enhanced renal tubular damage, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis, in mice lacking both RAGE and sRAGE than in wild-type (WT) control mice. Using murine tubular epithelial cells (TECs), we demonstrated that hypoxia upregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of HMGB1 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas RAGE and esRAGE expressions were paradoxically decreased. Moreover, the addition of recombinant sRAGE canceled hypoxia-induced inflammation and promoted cell viability in cultured TECs. sRAGE administration prevented renal tubular damage in models of ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI and of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. These results suggest that sRAGE is a novel therapeutic option for AKI.
Sul «fantastico» italiano: tra la lessicografia e la storia di letteratura
Authors: Przełucka Patrycja
Published: November 2021

La riflessione sul fantastico nella letteratura è nata nella cultura europea durante il Romanticismo. La nascita del termine, il processo della formazione delle varie accezioni del suo significato e gli inizi del dibattito attorno al tema del fantastico prendono forma proprio in quell’epoca.L’argomento del fantastico nella letteratura è stato discusso in modo approfondito sia dagli scrittori stessi che dai critici letterari in quasi tutti i paesi occidentali. Per questo motivo, qualsiasi nuovo studio sul tema può suscitare il sospetto di rielaborare le idee già esistenti. Però, il semplice fatto che dai primi commenti su Hoffmann fino ad oggi siano state scritte tante opere contrassegnate con il marchio del fantastico così diverse tra di loro rende legittima la necessità di una definizione dettagliata e minuziosa fornita con somma diligenza e scrupolosità. Pertanto, lo scopo di quest’articolo è di affrontare una questione a cui non è stata data una risposta adeguata nelle ricerche precedenti in questo campo di studio, cioè l’analisi profonda degli inizi del fantastico. Però si intendono qui non gli inizi letterari, poiché quelli sono già stati descritti in modo dettagliato nella letteratura critica, ma le origini linguistiche ed il principio cognitivo da cui deriva il lemma fantastico. Pertanto, per colmare questo gap di ricerca, prenderò libertà di occuparmi al primo posto della definizione lessicografica fornita dai dizionari moderni, poi traccerò le trasformazioni storiche del significato di fantastico nella lingua italiana fin dalle origini dell’italiano come lingua nazionale.
Domestic Mechanism of Statement’s Control During the Election Campaign – Guideline in the light of the ECtHR’s Jurisprudence
Authors: Kapica Kamil
Published: November 2021

Preventing the progressive phenomena of negative campaign, demagogy and dissemination of false information is one the most important challenges for a qualitative election campaign. One of the solutions may be establishing accelerated electoral proceedings, for which a pattern can be sought inter alia, in polish legislation (article 111 of Polish Electoral Code). Although the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has never comprehensively commented on accelerated control mechanism in the election campaign, the case-law analysis allows to identify the minimum standards. The article indicates a cross-sectional understanding of freedom of expression in regard to electoral campaign, as well as minimum requirements to be met by those mechanism.
LIMITATIONS OF THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN THE INTERNET
Authors: Brzyski Bartosz
Published: November 2021

The development of Internet services lead to many changes in forms of expression of our opinions and ideas. The author shall discuss whether the term “freedom of speech” is still suitable for modern times, regarding the conversations in the social media. As we all know, the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression were never absolute and certain limitations of them are completely legal and necessary. However, as the author will try to prove, there are some serious concerns about executing such limitations online as well as effectively proving if someone’s rights have been violated due to excess of freedom of expression. The possible ideas of fighting the hate speech and other acts of trespassing the right to free expression shall also be presented.
Fundamento ético de la cooperación internacional como política pública mundial
Authors: Agudelo Taborda Jairo
Published: November 2021

Este artículo es fruto de una investigación sobre Políticas Públicas Mundiales (PPM). En él se propone un fundamento ético de la cooperación internacional (CI) como PPM capaz de proveer los bienes públicos mundiales (BPM) del Sistema internacional (SI). Mediante un análisis del reciente marco teórico de la CI (institucionalismo, constructivismo, criticismo y cosmopolitismo) se sostiene que tales teorías, incluso aquellas basadas en la premisa hobbesiana de la natural anarquía y guerra de las sociedades, se inspiran en la ética cosmopolita kantiana. El artículo plantea, además, la urgencia de un sistema de gobernanza internacional dotado de una PPM centrada en la cooperación y capaz de proveer el supremo BPM: la paz con seguridad humana.
El Teatro como un lugar de reconciliación: la experiencia de Victus en Colombia
Authors: Barreto Henriques Miguel
Published: November 2021

La reconciliación figura como uno de los grandes desafíos de Colombia en el escenario de posacuerdo. Este artículo tomará como caso de estudio a Victus, un grupo de teatro compuesto por víctimas y excombatientes de distintos grupos armados (guerrilla, paramilitares, ejército). Sostendrá que esta experiencia configura un “microlaboratorio” de reconciliación, en el cual se crea un espacio de interacción común donde se desdibujan las fronteras del conflicto armado, se humaniza al “otro” y
Creatividad y conflictos en sociedades contemporáneas. Las artes inclusivas en estrategias de construcción
Authors: Muñoz Bellerin Manuel , Cordero Ramos Nuria
Published: November 2021

En las sociedades actuales existen conflictos que originan una violencia directa en una parte considerable de la ciudadanía. El sinhogarismo es un ejemplo del encubrimiento de una paz social que no es real en cuanto que afecta a quienes no tienen las mínimas garantías socioeconómicas para vivir con dignidad. En este artículo, los autores hacen una reflexión sobre algunas cuestiones relacionadas con este tipo de problemas que permanecen ahogando una auténtica participación y, por ende, la posibilidad de una convivencia democrática más real. Una propuesta de afrontar este tipo de contextos es el arte enfocado como espacio de participación a partir de las experiencias de los participantes. En este caso de aquellos que no tienen las mismas oportunidades de contar cómo sienten lo que les acontece. Concretamente, se expone la metodología del teatro mediando una realidad desde la representación de los cuerpos en calidad de creatividad generadora de interpretaciones diversas y diferentes.
Mitigating Risk Selection in Healthcare Entitlement Programs: A Beneficiary-Level Competitive Bidding Approach
Authors: Montanera Daniel , Mishra Abhay Nath , Raghu T. S.
Published: November 2021

Many developed countries rely, to varying degrees, on competition among private health plans to obtain affordable and high-quality health insurance for their residents. Incorporating beneficiary-level competitive bidding into these healthcare systems can better align the incentives of these health plans, increase their willingness to enroll, and serve the sickest and most vulnerable patients while keeping costs manageable. We identify two digitally enabled program designs that allow private insurance plans to competitively bid to enroll individual beneficiaries. Compared with those used in existing entitlement programs, these designs always make a larger share of the beneficiary population profitable to enroll, thereby increasing willingness of the plans to enroll the most costly beneficiaries and improving access to care. On simulating the conditions of existing real-word healthcare entitlement programs, we found that these new designs actually tend to lower the tax burden in up to 83% of simulations. The research findings suggest that these new designs hold great promise in achieving the dual aim of improved access and lower costs. We believe that findings from this research can guide policymakers implement policies that will enroll more beneficiaries and cost the taxpayers less.
Before It’s Too Late: Product Recall Delays and Policy Design
Authors: Mao Wenzheng , Dong Zhanyu , Lee Hsiao-Hui
Published: November 2021

Problem definition: We examine a firm’s investigation and recall decisions when a defect occurs and provide policy implications on how to deter long delayed recalls. Practical relevance: When a safety defect occurs, manufacturers often use product recalls to mitigate potential consequences. Although consumers expect on-time recalls for product defects, anecdotal examples suggest that firms may be passive in investigating potential defects and/or severely delay their recall decisions. Understanding how firms make their recall timing decisions has important business and social implications. Methodology: We study decisions on investigation efforts and recall timings for a profit-maximizing manufacturer by incorporating a Bass diffusion model to capture sales patterns for products with long life cycles. We then test our implications using data from the automobile industry and find supporting evidence. Results: We first find that a firm will consider a delayed recall when the defect is noticed early, when sales suffer more negative impacts from (external) media exposure on a recall, and when the product has a relatively high margin-to-recall-cost ratio. Second, a firm that will consider a delayed recall exerts a smaller investigation effort, and it will further reduce the effort when the defect is more likely to lead to a recall. When we consider the case in which a firm’s learning effect and information updating occur in an investigation and recall process, our results remain consistent. Managerial implications: Our model not only helps us understand how firms make their decisions when defects occur but also offers governments and regulatory bodies new instruments (e.g., investigation efforts, penalty design, information disclosure, firm supervision) to help firms be proactive should a defect occur, thereby reducing potential casualties associated with delays in a recall progress.
Effect of Astaxanthin on Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of Astaxanthin Treatment for Atopic Dermatitis-induced Mice
Authors: Park Jin Woo , Song Ho-Sueb
Published: November 2021

Background: This study sought to determine whether the antioxidant effects of astaxanthin (AST) could have an anti-inflammatory effect to reduce inflammation caused by atopic dermatitis (AD).Methods: Using a mouse model of AD induced by phtalic acid (PA), the levels of inflammation, inflammatory agents, and evidence of antioxidant activity were examined in PA treated mice (n = 3), PA-AST treated mice (n = 3), and a control group of mice (n = 3). This included measurements of ear thickness, levels of mast cells, IgE, inflammatory cytokine, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, HO-1, and GPx-1.Results: AST treatment significantly prevented inflammation as measured by ear thickness (p < 0.05), mast cell count (p < 0.001), and IgE concentration in the blood (p < 0.001). Levels of TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and MDA (p < 0.05) were also significantly lower. In addition, GSH levels increased significantly (p < 0.001), and the level of hydrogen peroxide significantly reduced (p < 0.01). The expression of HO-1, GPx-1 increased.Conclusion: In this small experimental study, AST acted on inflammatory mechanisms that induced AD, through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, and is a candidate of interest in the clinical treatment of AD.
Molecular pathological recognition of freshly excised human glioma using terahertz ATR spectroscopy
Authors: Mu Ning , Yang Chuanyan , Xu Degang , Wang Shi , Ma Kang , Lai Ying , Guo Peiwen , Zhang Shuixian , Wang Yuye , Feng Hua , Chen Tunan , Yao Jianquan
Published: November 2021

The diagnosis and treatment of glioma depends greatly on the rapid extraction of molecular pathological features. In this study, human brain tumor tissues of different grades were analyzed using terahertz (THz) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) time-domain spectroscopy. Substantial differences in THz parameters were observed between paracarcinoma tissue and grade I-IV gliomas, Furthermore, the difference of THz absorption coefficient increases with the increase of THz frequency. It was also demonstrated that the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant and wild-type glioma tissues can be well distinguished using THz spectroscopy. Therefore, THz ATR spectroscopy can realize molecular typing recognition based on molecular pathology. This will provide a theoretical basis for developing intraoperative real-time glioma recognition and diagnosis technology.
Modeling of dispersive media in ADI-FDTD method with complex–conjugate pole residue pairs
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos P. , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C.
Published: November 2021

This work presents an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme for the study of structures that involve materials with arbitrary frequency dispersion. The material dispersion is fitted to the complex–conjugate pole-residue (CCPR) terms model, and a novel, to the best of our knowledge, numerical formulation is presented based on auxiliary differential equations and two-step ADI methodology. Additionally, the proposed technique is combined with the concept of the perfectly matched layer, and a new implicit scheme is introduced for the termination of media with CCPR dispersion in the ADI-FDTD framework. The ADI-FDTD formulation is compared with the explicit FDTD scheme for several benchmark two-dimensional problems in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The suggested algorithm is proven to be robust and capable of simulating applications in different frequency regions, spanning from microwaves to optical frequencies. It can provide a powerful tool for the analysis of nanostructures involving both strongly dispersive and nanosized materials, such as plasmonic metasurfaces, antennas, core–shell nanoparticle systems, light-trapping plasmonic solar cells, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates, or nanodevices based on epsilon-near-zero materials.
Terahertz analysis of a highly sensitive MIM-SRR-TiO2 nanostructure for bio-sensor applications with the FDTD method
Authors: Bitra Surendra Kumar , Sridhar M. , Santhosh Chella , Farmani Ali
Published: November 2021

This work analyzes the transmission line characteristics of a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and a square ring resonator (SRR) for dual band applications. The MIM-SRR-based bio-sensor using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) and titanium dioxide (

T
i
O

2

) as a precursor material are proposed and investigated in this paper. The MIM waveguide characteristics such as propagation length and effective refractive index have been obtained using the finite differential time domain (FDTD) solver of CST studio suite. The MIM-based SRR band-pass filter was designed and analyzed at 1300 nm (230.6 THz) and 1600 nm (187.37 THz) wavelengths. In this work, the bio-compatibility material

T
i
O

2

is used as an agent of bio-molecules detection, and APTES is used as a linker between silicon dioxide and

T
i
O

2

. The proposed MIM-SRR-

T
i
O

2

-based bio-sensor is operated at 1320 nm (227.115 THz) and 1630 nm (183.922 THz). The proposed MIM-SRR-APTES-

T
i
O

2

bio-sensor is operating at dual pass bands of 1415 nm (211.867 THz) and 1762 nm (170.143 THz). The proposed MIM-SRR-APTES-

T
i
O

2

has a

Q

-factor of 22.353 and 20.655 and a sensitivity of 571.02 and 877.86 nm/RIU at 1415 and 1762 nm, respectively. APTES and

T
i
O

2

are responsible for detecting cervical cancer, which is generally observed in woman. The scalability and multiplexing capability of semiconductor-based technology, silicon photonic ring resonators, are promising analytical tools for detecting various sensing applications. The overall size of the proposed bio-sensor is

1200

n
m

×

300

n
m

×

60

n
m

.
Demonstration of an ultra-compact 8-channel sinusoidal silicon waveguide array for optical phased array
Authors: Yi Xiaogen , Zhang Yibo , Zeng Huiying , Gao Sai , Guo Shuting , Qiu Ciyuan
Published: November 2021

Here we demonstrate an ultra-compact 8-channel sinusoidal silicon waveguide array for an optical phased array. In our device, based on sinusoidal bending, the cross talk (CT) between waveguides can be efficiently reduced with a waveguide pitch of only 695 nm. For the transverse electric (TE) mode, the simulation results show that the insertion loss (IL) of the 100-µm-long device is 0.1 dB and the CT between all waveguides is lower than −25 dB at 1550 nm. In the measurements, an IL of less than 1 dB and CT lower than −18 dB are obtained. Since the pitch is related to the beam-steering range and power consumption of the optical phased array, such an ultra-compact device could potentially be a good candidate to build the emitter for an energy-efficient optical phased array with a large field of view.
Broadband air-clad LP02 mode converter using a tapered mode transition
Authors: Mathew Neethu Mariam , Grüner-Nielsen Lars , Wang Zepeng , Rishøj Lars Søgaard , Rottwitt Karsten
Published: November 2021

Higher-order mode converters that work over a broad wavelength range are needed for various applications. A new, to the best of our knowledge, simple and cost-effective LP02 mode converter is fabricated by tapering a bundle of single-mode fibers. The device excites the LP02 mode in a four-mode step index fiber with a mode purity higher than 10 dB. The polarization-dependent cross talk of the device is measured using the S2 technique. The LP02 mode selectivity of the device is measured over the entire C and L bands by selectively launching different modes into the device using a spatial light modulator.
Ti3CN MXene-based ultra-sensitive optical fiber salinity sensor
Authors: Yi Duo , Wang Cong , Gao Lingfeng , Chen Yuzhi , Liu Fei , Geng Youfu , Zhang Han , Li Xuejin
Published: November 2021

A Ti3CN MXene enabled ultra-sensitive optical fiber sensor is proposed, and a salinity measurement is conducted to evaluate its sensing performance in a low-concentration target molecule detection environment. Owing to the abundance of hydrophilic functional groups (–O, –F, and –OH), large specific surface, and broad-spectrum absorption characteristics of the MXene layers, the sensing performance of the MXene-incorporated sensor is greatly improved and an ultra-high salinity sensitivity of −5.34 nm/‰ is achieved (equivalent to a refractive index sensitivity of −33429 nm/RIU). Such an excellent sensing performance is 137.33% higher than that of the bare fiber sensor and is significantly enhanced over previously reported fiber sensors. Furthermore, the sensing performance of the sensor is improved without damaging the fiber structure, which is a huge advantage when compared with the traditional fiber post-processing techniques. Finally, because the refractive index is commonly used to characterize the detection ability of biosensors, our contribution suggests the integration of MXene as a potential approach to develop high-performance optical fiber biosensors.
On-demand terahertz surface wave generation with microelectromechanical-system-based metasurface
Authors: Chen Chunxu , Kaj Kelson , Zhao Xiaoguang , Huang Yuwei , Averitt Richard D. , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2021

During the past decade, metasurfaces have shown great potential to complement standard optics, providing novel pathways to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves utilizing arrays of subwavelength resonators. We present dynamic surface wave (SW) switching at terahertz frequencies utilizing a mechanically reconfigurable metasurface. Our metasurface is based on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) consisting of an array of micro-cantilever structures, enabling dynamic tuning between a plane wave (PW) and a SW for normal incidence terahertz radiation. This is realized using line-by-line voltage control of the cantilever displacements to achieve full-span (

2
π

) phase control. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy agree with coupled mode theory, which was employed to design the metasurface device. A conversion efficiency of nearly 60% has been achieved upon switching between the PW and SW configurations. Moreover, a nearly 100 GHz working bandwidth is demonstrated. The MEMS-based control modality we demonstrate can be used for numerous applications, including but not limited to terahertz multifunctional metasurface devices for spatial light modulation, dynamic beam steering, focusing, and beam combining, which are crucial for future “beyond 5G” communication systems.
Compact logic operator utilizing a single-layer metasurface
Authors: Zhao Zihan , Wang Yue , Ding Xumin , Li Haoyu , Fu Jiahui , Zhang Kuang , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Wu Qun
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we design and demonstrate a compact logic operator based on a single-layer metasurface at microwave frequency. By mapping the nodes in the trained fully connected neural network (FCNN) to the specific unit cells with phase control function of the metasurface, a logic operator with only one hidden layer is physically realized. When the incident wave illuminates specific operating regions of the metasurface, corresponding unit cells are activated and can scatter the incident wave to two designated zones containing logical information in the output layer. The proposed metasurface logic operator is experimentally verified to achieve three basic logic operations (NOT, OR, and AND) under different input signals. Our design shows great application potential in compact optical systems, low-power consumption information transmission, and ultrafast wave-based full signal processing.
Assessing the effects of disease-specific programs on health systems: An analysis of the Bangladesh Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program’s impacts on health service coverage and catastrophic health expenditure
Authors: Koporc Kimberly M. , Hotchkiss David R. , Stoecker Charles F. , McFarland Deborah A. , Carton Thomas
Published: November 2021

This study presents a methodology for using tracer indicators to measure the effects of disease-specific programs on national health systems. The methodology is then used to analyze the effects of Bangladesh’s Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program, a disease-specific program, on the health system. Using difference-in-differences models and secondary data from population-based household surveys, this study compares changes over time in the utilization rates of eight essential health services and incidences of catastrophic health expenditures between individuals and households, respectively, of lymphatic filariasis hyper-endemic districts (treatment districts) and of hypo- and non-endemic districts (control districts). Utilization of all health services increased from year 2000 to year 2014 for the entire population but more so for the population living in treatment districts. However, when the services were analyzed individually, the difference-in-differences between the two populations was insignificant. Disadvantaged populations (i.e., populations that lived in rural areas, belonged to lower wealth quintiles, or did not attend school) were less likely to access essential health services. After five years of program interventions, households in control districts had a lower incidence of catastrophic health expenditures at several thresholds measured using total household expenditures and total non-food expenditures as denominators. Using essential health service coverage rates as outcome measures, the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program cannot be said to have strengthened or weakened the health system. We can also say that there is a positive association between the Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Program’s interventions and lowered incidence of catastrophic health expenditures.
Detection of cross-reactive immunoglobulin A against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva
Authors: Tsukinoki Keiichi , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Handa Keisuke , Iwamiya Mariko , Saruta Juri , Ino Satoshi , Sakurai Takashi
Published: November 2021

Abundant secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity against infection of mucosal surfaces. Pre-pandemic breast milk samples containing SIgA have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2; however, it remains unknown whether SIgA showing the cross-reaction with SARS-CoV-2 exists in saliva. We aimed to clarify whether SIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study involved 137 (men, n = 101; women, n = 36; mean age, 38.7; age range, 24–65 years) dentists and doctors from Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed to be PCR-negative and IgM-negative for SARS-CoV-2. The cross-reactivity of IgA-positive saliva samples with SARS-CoV-2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike recombinant protein (S1-mFc) covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, which correlated negatively with age (r = –0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals aged ≥50 years was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤49 years (p = 0.008). SIgA was purified from the saliva of patients, which could partially suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor. This study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive SIgA in the saliva of individuals who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that SIgA may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in South Africa
Authors: de Jager Pieter , Smith Oliver , Bolon Stefan , Thomas Juno , Richards Guy A.
Published: November 2021

Background

Clostridioides difficile (CD) is the most common healthcare-associated enteric infection. There is currently limited epidemiological evidence on CD incidence in South Africa.

Aim

To estimate the burden of CD infection (CDI) in the South African public sector between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study utilizing secondary data was conducted to describe the epidemiology of CD in South Africa. We assessed the patient-level association between variables of interest, CD, and CD recurrence, by undertaking both univariate and multivariable analysis. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) were calculated utilizing multivariable Poisson regression. The incidence of CD, CD recurrence and CD testing was estimated by Poisson regression for various levels of care and provinces.

Results

A total of 14 023 samples were tested for CD during the study period. After applying exclusion criteria, we were left with a sample of 10 053 of which 1 860 (18.50%) tested CD positive. A positive and significant association between CDI and level of care is found, with patients treated in specialized tuberculosis (TB) hospitals having a five-fold increased adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR) for CDI (aIRR 4.96 CI95% 4.08–6.04,) compared to those managed in primary care. Patients receiving care at a secondary, tertiary, or central hospital had 35%, 66% and 41% increased adjusted incidence of CDI compared to those managed in primary care, respectively. National incidence of CDI is estimated at 53.89 cases per 100 000 hospitalizations (CI95% 51.58–56.29), the incidence of recurrence at 21.39 (CI95% 15.06–29.48) cases per 1 000 cases and a recurrence rate of 2.14% (CI95% 1.51–2.94).

Conclusion

Compared to European countries, we found a comparable incidence of CD. However, our estimates are lower than those for the United States. Compared to high-income countries, this study found a comparatively lower CD recurrence.
Tofacitinib-Associated Iatrogenic Kaposi Sarcoma in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wetwittayakhlang Panu , Golovics Petra A. , Afif Waqqas , Bessissow Talat , Lakatos Peter L.
Published: November 2021

Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. Although it contributes to the induction and maintenance of clinical remission of patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis, various malignancies have been reported after the use of this small molecule. We report a rare case of biopsy-proven Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with complex biological-resistant ulcerative colitis after 2 years of treatment with tofacitinib. Kaposi sarcoma lesions spontaneously regressed after tofacitinib was discontinued. Given the concern of potential risk of malignancy associated with this agent, we believe that specialists should be aware of this rare but serious possible adverse event.
An Unusual Delayed Complication of Urogynecologic Surgical Mesh: Perirectal Abscess 10 Years After Initial Placement Treated by Endoscopic Removal
Authors: West Sara F.J. , Diehl David L.
Published: November 2021

Surgical mesh is commonly used for the management of pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence with overall beneficial effects. However, the Food and Drug Administration has issued safety notifications about potentially serious complications assisted with the use of synthetic mesh in pelvic organ prolapse procedures. In this report, we describe a perirectal abscess in a patient which developed 10 years after initial mesh placement. Percutaneous management of the abscess was not possible because of the deep pelvic location. The abscess was successfully managed endoscopically, including the removal of a large piece of mesh. Endoscopic management of pelvic abscesses, including an endoscopic ultrasound-guided approach, should be considered early.
FERDYNAND KATOLICKI ZNÓW NIEDOCENIONY!
Authors: Kubiaczyk Filip
Published: November 2021

FERDYNAND KATOLICKI ZNÓW NIEDOCENIONY! Henry Kamen, Fernando el Católico (1451-1516). Vida y mitos de uno de los fundadores de la España Moderna, z ang. tłum. José C. Vales, Esfera de los Libros, Madrid 2015, ss. 381 + kolorowe ilustracje
FRANCISZEK I WALEZJUSZ BEZ MAKIJAŻU. FRANCIS HACKETT, FRANCISZEK I WALEZJUSZ, TŁUM. MIŁOSZ MŁYNARZ, WYDAWNICTWO NAPOLEON V, OŚWIĘCIM 2017, SS. 296
Authors: Kubiaczyk Filip
Published: November 2021

Franciszek I Walezjusz bez makijażu, rec. książki: Francis Hackett, Franciszek I Walezjusz
BÓG JEST CZY BÓG BYŁ? ODPOWIEDŹ NA ZARZUTY WOBEC KSIĄŻKI „O BOGU, KTÓRY BYŁ”
Authors: Ciesielski Mieszko
Published: November 2021

Bóg jest czy Bóg był? Odpowiedź na zarzuty wobec książki „O Bogu, który był”
HEIMAT IN DER THEOLOGIE Amélé Adamavi-Aho Ekué, Frank Mathwig, Matthias Zeindler, Heimat(en)? Beiträge zu einer Theologie der Migration, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich 2017, 206 S.
Authors: Supranowicz Radosław
Published: November 2021

HEIMAT IN DER THEOLOGIE Amélé Adamavi-Aho Ekué, Frank Mathwig, Matthias Zeindler, Heimat(en)? Beiträge zu einer Theologie der Migration, Theologischer Verlag Zürich, Zürich 2017, 206 S.
The role of the artist in the Maya society in the late classical period based on epigraphic analysis of the signatures of scribes and sculptors
Authors: Jagodziński Kajetan
Published: November 2021

The role of the artist in the Maya society in the late classical period based on epigraphic analysis of the signatures of scribes and sculptors
„Inny” jako wytwór imaginacyjnej geografii a globalizacja
Authors: Błahut-Prusik Jadwiga
Published: November 2021

This paper discusses creation of the image of the Other from the standpoint of globalization. The objective is to prove the thesis that due to its particular nature, global reality does not tolerate the dichotomy of us vs. them. Also, it is not invalidated by the awareness that one’s own and the alien are more con-tiguous and permeate one another to a greater extent than ever before. The only elements which do change are the contexts surrounding that distinction and the tools of its production and dissemination. Within the consciousness, in the social notions and structures of knowledge, the post-colonial era remains profoundly colonial.
Prognostic role of oxytocin receptor in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Junjie , Xu Zhenyu , Mao Yong , Zhang Ting , Qin Yan , Hua Dong
Published: November 2021

The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is directly involved in the pathological mechanisms of multiple cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer; however, the role of OXTR in the modulation of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) growth, metastasis, and clinical prognosis remains to be elucidated. This study used systematic bioinformatics analysis to explore the effects of OXTR on modulating COAD growth and prognosis in patients with COAD. Compared with normal tissues, OXTR mRNA level was higher in COAD tissues, which was associated with tumor progression. Elevated mRNA level of OXTR also indicated a poor prognosis in COAD patients. Furthermore, high mRNA level of OXTR was significantly associated with pathways involved in cell cycle regulation and signal transduction pathways, including the hedgehog, mTOR, TGF-β, and Wnt signaling pathways. OXTR expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of type 2T helper cell, central memory CD8 T cell, CD56 bright natural killer cell, activated CD8 T cell, activated B cell, and Type 1T helper cell. Moreover, silencing OXTR inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and arrested the cell cycle. In conclusion, high mRNA level of OXTR indicates poor prognosis.
The Effect of Additives on Water Vapor Condensation on Bituminous Surfaces
Authors: Tarpoudi Baheri F. , Rico Luengo M. , Schutzius T. M. , Poulikakos D. , Poulikakos L. D.
Published: November 2021

Water condensation and freezing on asphalt roads can lead to slippery conditions, which are responsible for many winter accidents and have caused an overreliance on mostly environmentally damaging and pavement degrading deicing chemicals and salt, which requires active maintenance. Bitumen is a mechanically and chemically complex material mainly consisting of various hydrocarbon-based chemicals groups. Additionally, bitumen makes up approximately 5 wt.% of the asphalt concrete mixture because of its binder role and coating function of the aggregates, can control the bulk mechanical properties and surface properties of the asphalt mixture. Condensation as the first step and later freezing phenomena are investigated in this study and from ambient humidity toward understanding the fundamentals of icing on bituminous surfaces. Condensation experimental results show selective wettability of chemically and mechanically district bitumen surface domains. The effect of different bitumen modifiers of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide (PA 66), polyacrylonitrile, and Sasobit wax at 1 wt.% were studied on condensation freezing and bitumen water affinity.
Diffusion Characteristics and Mechanism of Waste Cooking Oil Rejuvenator in Ultraviolet Aged Asphalt Using Multi-Scale Evaluation Method
Authors: Li Bo , Qiu Ke , Li Zhiwei , Li Xiaolan , Wang Yongning
Published: November 2021

One of the challenges of using the regenerator in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is estimating the blending degree between the RAP and the regenerator. The extent of this blending is crucial because the road performance of the recycled asphalt mixture will be improved with the increase of diffusion degree. To this end, this study focuses on the diffusion and fusion phenomena between waste cooking oil (WCO) rejuvenator and ultraviolet (UV) aged asphalt. First, the improved softening point test was used to characterize the macroscopic diffusion and fusion law between the UV aged asphalt and the regenerator. Then, the Fourier Transform Infrared test and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were conducted to obtain the microscopic mechanism of diffusion. Finally, the correlations between the macro experiment and the MD simulation and between the micro experiment and the MD simulation were established. The results show that, with the increase of diffusion time, the softening point of recycled asphalt decreases. In addition, the corrected peak areas of methylene (CH2) antisymmetric stretching decreases, whereas the corrected peak area of saturated fatty acid ester C = O and aromatic acid ester C-O increase. The mean squared displacement shows an upward trend, and the diffusion coefficient decreases. Besides, the increase of the diffusion temperature could enhance the diffusion coefficient. There was a preferential relation between the macro tests and simulations and between micro tests and simulations. The results from this research indicate MD can simulate the diffusion between the WCO rejuvenator and UV aged asphalt. The findings in this work provide a possible guideline for the evaluation of the performance of the recycled asphalt that might improve the way this recycled asphalt is used.
Gray Matter Variation in the Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Is Associated with Polymorphisms in theKIAA0319Gene in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Staes Nicky , Mulholland Michele M. , Schapiro Steven J. , Rosenstein Madeleine , Stimpson Cheryl , Bradley Brenda J. , Sherwood Chet C.
Published: November 2021

Determining the impact that theKIAA0319gene has on primate brain morphology can provide insight into the evolution of human cognition and language systems. Here, we tested whether polymorphisms inKIAA0319in chimpanzees account for gray matter volumetric variation in brain regions implicated in language and communication (particularly within the posterior superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus). First, we identified the nature and frequencies of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) inKIAA0319in a sample of unrelated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytesspp.). Next, we genotyped a subset of SNVs (those important for gene regulation or likely to alter protein structure/function) in a sample of chimpanzees for whichin vivoT1-structural magnetic resonance imaging scans had been obtained. We then used source-based morphometry (SBM) to test for whole-brain gray matter covariation differences between chimpanzees with differentKIAA0319alleles. Finally, using histologic sections of 15 postmortem chimpanzee brains, we analyzed microstructural variation related toKIAA0319polymorphisms in the posterior superior temporal cortex. We found that the SNVs were associated with variation in gray matter within several brain regions, including the posterior superior temporal gyrus (a region associated with language comprehension and production in humans). The microstructure analysis further revealed hemispheric differences in neuropil fraction, indicating thatKIAA0319expression may be involved in regulation of processes related to the formation and maintenance of synapses, dendrites, or axons within regions associated with communication.
Loss of RNA-Binding Protein HuR Leads to Defective Ependymal Cells and Hydrocephalus
Authors: Han Xiu , Shen Xuning , Wang Min , Wang Xin , Jian Youli , Yang Chonglin , Guo Weixiang
Published: November 2021

Multiciliated ependymal cells line the ventricle wall and generate CSF flow through ciliary beating. Defects in ependymal cells cause hydrocephalus; however, there are still significant gaps in our understanding the molecular, cellular and developmental mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Here, we demonstrate that specific deletion of RNA-binding protein (RBP) Hu antigen R (HuR) in the mouse brain results in hydrocephalus and causes postnatal death. HuR deficiency leads to impaired ependymal cell development with defective motile ciliogenesis in both female and male mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals that HuR binds to mRNA transcripts related to ciliogenesis, including cilia and flagella associated protein 52 (Cfap52), the effector gene of Foxj-1 and Rfx transcriptional factors. HuR deficiency accelerates the degradation ofCfap52mRNA, while overexpression of Cfap52 is able to promote the development of HuR-deficient ependymal cells. Taken together, our results unravel the important role of HuR in posttranscriptional regulation of ependymal cell development by stabilizingCfap52mRNA.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study identifies Hu antigen R (HuR) as a genetic factor involved in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. Mechanistically, HuR regulates ependymal cell differentiation and ciliogenesis through stabilizingCfap52mRNA, the effector gene of Foxj-1 and Rfx transcriptional factors.
Urban geochemistry and human-impacted imprint of dissolved trace and rare earth elements in a high-tech industrial city, Suzhou
Authors: Gao Shilin , Wang Zhuhong , Wu Qixin , Wang Wanfa , Peng Chaochao , Zeng Jie , Wang Yuqing
Published: November 2021

Due to the rapid urbanization process, the consumption of trace and rare earth elements has dramatically increased. Although some elements have been extensively studied due to their high biological toxicity, most elements are ignored and taken seriously in recent years. Here, we investigated the urban geochemistry, source, and anthropogenic responding factor for 15 trace elements (Cd, Pb, Co, Sn, Cu, Ni, V, As, Mo, Sb, Al, Li, Fe, Zn, and Sr) and rare earth elements in surface water of the Suzhou city. The percentage of anthropogenic gadolinium vary from 46.9% (YCH-2) to 92.8% (WS-2), while the analysis of variance shows that human activities may affect the distribution of Cd, Co, Sn, Ni, As, Li, Fe, and Sr. Three clusters are obtained from the correlation and cluster analysis. The Cluster 1 with a significant positive correlation of Pb, Cd, Gd, Li, Sr, Co, Fe, Ni, and Sn reflecting these elements are dominantly influenced by urban sewage and industrial activities. The Cluster 2 (Zn, Cu, and Al) can be attributed to geologic sources, while the Cluster 3 (V, Mo, As, and Sb) indicate the combined action of agricultural and urban activities. The Gd versus Li plot showed a significant positive correlation, which can be used as a new indicator to trace the anthropogenic impact on urban waters. Overall, this study provides clear evidence that the content and distribution of Gd and Li are deeply affected by human activities in a high-tech industrial city (Suzhou), which can be regarded as emerging elements contaminations.
The Pokuttia dialect on the background of the literary standard
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Koliesnik Liudmyla
Published: November 2021

Pokuttia dialect comprises a small area transit to the adjacent Bukovyna, Hutsul, and Dniester dialects, its nature is less discussed if compared to other Southwest Ukrainian dialects, and, therefore, its status is not properly defined so far. The most important studies on the topic were made by Kost’ Kysilevs’kyi, who provided a detailed description of Pokuttia dialect data gathered in the early 20th century. His evidence along with our audiorecords of Pokuttia dialect in 2009—2018 allowed us for a contrast-comparative analysis of the dynamics of the dialect. It shows that not only striking phonetic features of Pokuttia dialects are actively present in speech of the older and middle generation, but also unique phonetic phenomena previously noted by Kysilevs’kyi have been preserved, e.g., in the Sniatyn region area. An interaction of the Pokuttia dialect, one of Southwest Ukrainian dialects, and Standard Ukrainian is one of the main issues of this article. It manifests itself as in the analysis of those features of the dialect that contrast it with the literary language and distinguish it from other dialects of the Ukrainian language (primarily phonetic and grammatical features), and in the description of phenomena that support the modern literary norm (however, fewer of them were observed). The paper states the following grammatical features of the Pokuttia dialect: archaic pronouns, a number of phonetic variations in numerals and the most used adverbs, special forms of a verb paradigm and remnants of double plural, examples of “honorable” plural (in oral speech and written text), and forms of plusquamperfect previously used in Common Slavic. This set of features opposes the Pokuttya dialect to the other Ukrainian dialects and distinguishes it from Standard Ukrainian. The main feature of the Pokuttya dialect is resistance to leveling, despite the significant authority of the literary Ukrainian language for speakers. Keywords: dialect, literary standard, Pokuttia dialects, language dynamics.
Another Antimagic Decomposition of Generalized Peterzen Graph
Authors: Inayah Nur
Published: November 2021

AbstractA decomposition of a graph P into a family Q consisting of isomorphic copies of a graph Q is (a,b)-Q-antimagic if there is a bijection φ:V(P)∪E(P)→{1,2,3,4…,v_P+e_P} such that for all subgraphs Q’ isomorphic to Q,   the Q-weightsφ(Q’ )=∑_(v∈V(Q^' ))▒φ(v) + ∑_(e∈E(Q^'))▒〖φ(e)〗constitute an arithmetic progression a,a + b,a + 2b,…,a + (r - 1)b where a and b are positive integers and r is the number of subgraphs of P isomorphic to Q. In this article, we prove the existence of a (a,b)-P_4-antimagic  decomposition of a generalized Peterzen graph GPz(n,3) for several values of b.Keywords: covering; decomposition; antimagic; generalized Peterzen. AbstrakSuatu dekomposisi dari suatu graf P ke dalam suatu famili Q yang terdiri dari salinan isomorfik dari graf Q dikatakan (a,b)-Q-antiajaib jika terdapat pemetaaan bijektif φ:V(P)∪E(P)→{1,2,3,4…,v_P+e_P} sedemikian sehingga semua subgraf Q’ yang isomorfik ke Q, dengan bobot-Q sebagai berikutφ(Q’ )=∑_(v∈V(Q^' ))▒φ(v) + ∑_(e∈E(Q^'))▒〖φ(e)〗yang membentuk suatu barisan aritmatika yaitu a,a + b,a + 2b,…,a + (r - 1)b dengan a dan b adalah bilangan bulat positif dan r adalah banyaknya subgraf dari P yang isomorfik ke Q. Pada artikel ini, kami membuktikan eksistensi (a,b)-P_4-antiajaib dekomposisi dari graf generalized Peterzen GPz(n,3) untuk beberapa nilai b.Kata kunci: selimut; dekomposisi; antiajaib; generalized Peterzen.
Tribute to Professor Gary Bouma, MDiv, MA, PhD, AM (1942–2021)
Authors: Maddox Marion , Halafoff Anna , McPhillips Kathleen
Published: November 2021

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Two innovations in Mexican Malvaceae
Authors: Dorr Laurence J.
Published: November 2021

Two innovations in the nomenclature of Mexican Malvaceae are proposed. First, Ayenia sidifolia is reestablished as the correct name for the species currently known as A. mexicana: this latter name was incorrectly proposed as a replacement name in Ayenia for Cybiostigma sidifolium. Second, the monotypic genus Veeresia endemic to Mexico is placed in synonymy under the Asian genus Reevesia, and the new combination Reevesia clarkii is proposed.