bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insights into the landscape of ALPL gene variants in patients with hypophosphatasia from the Global HPP Registry
Authors: Kishnani Priya S. , Seefried Lothar , Dahir Kathryn M. , Martos‐Moreno Gabriel Ángel , Linglart Agnès , Petryk Anna , Mowrey William R. , Fang Shona , Ozono Keiichi , Högler Wolfgang , Rockman‐Greenberg Cheryl
Published: June 2024

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease characterized by low tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity due to ALPL gene variants. We describe ALPL variants from the observational, prospective, multinational Global HPP Registry. Inclusion in the analysis required a diagnosis of HPP, low serum ALP activity, and ≥1 ALPL variant. Of 1176 patients enrolled as of September 2022, 814 met inclusion criteria in Europe (48.9%), North America (36.7%), Japan (10.2%), Australia (2.6%), and elsewhere (1.6%). Most patients (74.7%) had 1 ALPL variant; 25.3% had ≥2 variants. Nearly all patients (95.6%) had known disease‐causing variants; 4.4% had variants of uncertain significance. Disease‐causing variants were predominantly missense (770/1556 alleles). The most common variants were c.571G>A (102/1628 alleles), c.1250A>G (66/1628 alleles), and c.1559del (61/1628 alleles). Variant profiles were generally consistent, except in Japan, where a higher proportion of patients (68.7%) had ≥2 ALPL variants, likely because more had disease onset before age 6 months (53.0% vs. 10.1%–23.1% elsewhere). Frameshift mutations (61/164 alleles) and inframe deletions (7/164 alleles) were more common in Japan. Twenty‐three novel variants were discovered, each in a single geographic region, predominantly Europe. Analyses confirmed previously known ALPL variants, identified novel variants, and characterized geographic variation in frequency and type of ALPL variants in a large population.
University of Washington Quality of Life subdomain outcomes after treatment of sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Maoz Sabrina L. , Golzar Autreen , Choby Garret , Hwang Peter H. , Wang Eric W. , Kuan Edward C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Getz Anne E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Fischer Jakob L. , Chan Erik P. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Jafari Aria , Kingdom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Lee Jivianne K. , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Resnick Adam C. , Smith Timothy L. , Snyderman Carl H. , St. John Maie A. , Storm Phillip B. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Sim Myung S. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) adversely impact patients’ quality of life (QOL) and are frequently identified at an advanced stage. Because these tumors are rare, there are few studies that examine the specific QOL areas that are impacted. This knowledge would help improve the care of these patients.

Methods

In this prospective, multi‐institutional study, 273 patients with SNMs who underwent definitive treatment with curative intent were evaluated. We used the University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL) instrument over 5 years from diagnosis to identify demographic, treatment, and disease‐related factors that influence each of the 12 UWQOL subdomains from baseline to 5 ‐years post‐treatment.

Results

Multivariate models found endoscopic resection predicted improved pain (vs. nonsurgical treatment CI 2.4, 19.4, p = 0.01) and appearance versus open (CI 27.0, 35.0, p < 0.001) or combined (CI 10.4, 17.1, p < 0.001). Pterygopalatine fossa involvement predicted worse swallow (CI −10.8, −2.4, p = 0.01) and pain (CI −17.0, −4.0, p < 0.001). Neck dissection predicted worse swallow (CI −14.8, −2.8, p < 0.001), taste (CI −31.7, −1.5, p = 0.02), and salivary symptoms (CI −28.4, −8.6, p < 0.001). Maxillary involvement predicted worse chewing (CI 9.8, 33.2; p < 0.001) and speech (CI −21.8, −5.4, p < 0.001) relative to other sites. Advanced T stage predicted worse anxiety (CI −13.0, −2.0, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Surgical approach, management of cervical disease, tumor extent, and site of involvement impacted variable UWQOL symptom areas. Endoscopic resection predicted better pain, appearance, and chewing compared with open. These results may aid in counseling patients regarding potential QOL expectations in their SNM treatment and recovery course.
Lernen aus Protein‐Engineering durch Dekonvolution von Multi‐Mutationalen Enzymvarianten**
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Sanchis Joaquin , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: June 2024

Diese Übersicht analysiert eine Entwicklung in der Biochemie, Enzymologie und Biotechnologie, die ursprünglich als Überraschung betrachtet wurde. Nach der Etablierung der gerichteten Evolution stereoselektiver Enzyme in der organischen Chemie wurde das Konzept der partiellen oder vollständigen Dekonvolution selektiver multi‐mutationaler Varianten eingeführt. Frühe Dekonvolutionsexperimente von stereoselektiven Enzymvarianten führten zu der Erkenntnis, dass Mutationen kooperativ oder antagonistisch miteinander interagieren können, nicht nur additiv. Im letzten Jahrzehnt wurde dieses Phänomen als allgemeingültig nachgewiesen. In einigen Studien wurden molekulardynamische (MD) und quantenmechanische/ molekülmechanische (QM/MM) Berechnungen durchgeführt, um Licht auf den Ursprung der Nicht‐Additivität in allen Phasen eines evolutionären Aufstiegs zu werfen. Daten der vollständigen Dekonvolution können verwendet werden, um einzigartige mehrdimensionale, zerklüftete („rugged“) Fitness‐Pfad‐Landschaften experimentell zu konstruieren. Sie bieten mechanistische Einblicke, die sich von traditionellen Fitnesslandschaften erheblich unterscheiden. In einem verwandten Bereich haben Biochemiker lange das Ergebnis der Einführung von zwei Punktmutationen in einem Enzym aus mechanistischen Gründen getestet, gefolgt von einem Vergleich mit der entsprechenden Doppelmutante in sogenannten Doppelmutanten‐Zyklen, die ursprünglich nur additive Effekte zeigten. In jüngerer Zeit wurden auch hier kooperative und antagonistische nicht‐additive Effekte aufgedeckt. Wir schließen mit Vorschlägen für zukünftige Arbeiten und fordern ein einheitliches Gesamtbild von Nicht‐Additivität und Epistasis.
Stellated cuboctahedron of FeIII
Authors: Wilson Lucinda R. B. , Canaj Angelos B. , Cutler Daniel J. , McCormick McPherson Laura J. , Coles Simon J. , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Evangelisti Marco , Schnack Jürgen , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K.
Published: June 2024

The solvothermal reaction of FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O and H4TBC[4] in a basic dmf/EtOH solution affords an [FeIII18] Keplerate conforming to a stellated cuboctahedron. Magnetic and heat capacity measurements reveal spin frustration effects arising from the high symmetry. A crossover between inverse and direct magnetocaloric effects is observed at ~10 K for applied‐field changes lower than 3 T.
Enzyme‐Like Catalysis of Vinyl Copolymer Carrying Boron Directly Connected to Backbone: Catalytic Esterification through Cooperation of Boron with Neighboring Carboxylic Anhydride
Authors: Makino Hiroshi , Nishikawa Tsuyoshi , Ouchi Makoto
Published: June 2024

Alternating‐rich copolymer of vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (VBpin) and maleic anhydride (MAH) was found to catalyze direct dehydrative esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohol. The key to the catalytic function is the activation of the MAH unit by the neighboring Lewis acidic boron directly connected to the backbone through the formation of five‐membered ring. The effects of the side‐chain cooperation were clarified through comparisons with the polymers having similar structures and a conventional titanium catalyst as well as the analyses of reactions with carboxylic acid or alcohol. The catalytic activity was enhanced as the molecular weight was higher, which is owing to the structural feature that boron is directly attached to the backbone. The cooperative catalysis is of interest because of its conceptual similarity with enzyme.
Dynamics of the Boundary Layer in Pulsed CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Heßelmann Matthias , Felder Daniel , Plischka Wenzel , Nabi Sajad , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias , Keller Robert
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 poses a vast potential to contribute to a defossilized industry. Despite tremendous developments within the field, mass transport limitations, carbonate salt formation, and electrode degradation mechanisms still hamper the process performance. One promising approach to tweak CO2 electrolysis beyond today's limitations is pulsed electrolysis with potential cycling between an operating and a regeneration mode. Here, we rigorously model the boundary layer at a silver electrode in pulsed operation to get profound insights into the dynamic reorganization of the electrode microenvironment. In our simulation, pulsed electrolysis leads to a significant improvement of up to six times higher CO current density and 20 times higher cathodic energy efficiency when pulsing between −1.85 and −1.05 V vs SHE compared to constant potential operation. We found that elevated reactant availability in pulsed electrolysis originates from alternating replenishment of CO2 by diffusion and not from pH‐induced carbonate and bicarbonate conversion. Moreover, pulsed electrolysis substantially promotes carbonate removal from the electrode by up to 83 % compared to constant potential operation, thus reducing the risk of salt formation. Therefore, this model lays the groundwork for an accurate simulation of the dynamic boundary layer modulation, which can provide insights into manifold electrochemical conversions.
Triindenotriphenylenes: Spin‐Frustrated Triskelion Triradicals with Excellent Ambient Stability
Authors: Borissov Arseni , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Valdivia Abel Cárdenas , García Carlos J. Gómez , Casado Juan , Stępień Marcin
Published: June 2024

A triskelion‐shaped triradical triindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐g : 1′′,2′′‐m]triphenylen‐7‐yl (1) and its internally fused derivative (2) obtained by oxidative cyclization were prepared in a straightforward synthetic sequence. Both compounds were confirmed to be triradicals and to possess intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between spins, displaying a spin‐frustrated doublet ground state with doublet‐quartet energy gaps of −0.14 kcal/mol for 1 and −0.06 kcal/mol for 2. Despite their open‐shell character, they were sufficiently stable to be handled under ambient conditions on a timescale of days. Both compounds could be reversibly reduced to mono‐, di‐, and trianions and oxidized to 1+ and 22+, with strong NIR absorptions (1800 to over 3200 nm) observed for all open‐shell ions.
Waste to resource: Engineered ridge gourd peel‐based activated carbon for enhanced cephalexin adsorption
Authors: Krishna Gautham , R Dushyanth V. Babu
Published: June 2024

This research investigates the efficacy of ridge gourd peel‐derived activated carbon (RGAC), activated with zinc chloride, for the removal of the antibiotic pollutant cephalexin (CFX) from aqueous solutions. Ensuring the elimination of cephalexin residues from aquatic environments is crucial for curbing the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and preserving the balance of ecosystems. RGAC exhibits exceptional characteristics, with a surface area of 945.857 m2/g and a pore size of 1.7 nm, as determined through thorough structural analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirm the presence of various functional groups on RGAC's surface which aids in adsorption process, while zeta potential analysis indicates a negative surface charge of −18.11 mV. As experimental investigation, batch study was conducted considering distilled water spiked with CFX under standard condition for treatment with RGAC. Impressively, RGAC demonstrates a high CFX adsorption capacity of 37.56 mg/g, also achieving more than 90% CFX removal efficiency. Fitting of the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9647) and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model (R2 = 0.99) reveals strong agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results. Furthermore, real‐time sampling and regeneration studies underscore RGAC's potential as a commercially viable adsorbent for addressing antibiotic micro‐pollutants in aquatic environments. Throughout six cycles of regeneration studies, a stable pattern emerged, showcasing rejection rates consistently between 81% and 93%. These findings contribute significantly to the advancement of environmentally sustainable water treatment strategies and pollution mitigation efforts.
Encapsulation of organic ultraviolet photoprotective actives into poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles for sunscreen formulations
Authors: Miranda Letícia de S. , Dutra Luciana , Pinto Martina C. C. , Lima Rafael C. , Nele Márcio , Pinto José Carlos
Published: June 2024

Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers worldwide. This way, it is mandatory to adopt an adequate sun protection routine, including sunscreen lotions. However, despite the proven effectiveness of numerous chemical filters, many of them are also known for their allergenic and carcinogenic potential effects, which can be mitigated by exploring some encapsulation routes. Thus, the present work evaluates the influence of seven distinct ultraviolet (UV) organic filters on the final particle size and molecular weight distributions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads. Moreover, the sun protection factors (SPF) of the loaded nanoparticles are also evaluated when used for preparation of sunscreen formulations. The UV filters did not affect the course of MMA miniemulsion polymerizations significantly, enabling the synthesis of loaded nanoparticles. Nevertheless, adding the filters shifted the particle size distributions toward larger diameters, which are appropriate for cosmetic formulations. Based on the SPF analyses, it was also possible to observe a 12‐fold increase in the SPF values of the prepared formulations and an increase in the critical wavelength. Therefore, the in situ incorporation of distinct UV filters during miniemulsion MMA polymerizations constitutes a robust and versatile technology to produce PMMA nanoparticles loaded with UV filters for preparation of sunscreen formulations.
Assessment of crack suppression in glass/epoxy curved laminates by incorporating micro and nanofillers
Authors: Venkatesan Dinesh Babu , Vellayaraj Arumugam , Thilaisekar Sivagangai
Published: June 2024

The design of structures with a large radius of curvature is challenging because fiber‐reinforced composite materials have low resistance to delamination in the direction perpendicular to their thickness. These structures are commonly found in a wide variety of structural components that are used in the wind turbine and aviation industries. The objective of this study is to conduct an experimental investigation into the efficacy of incorporating milled glass fiber, cellulose nanoparticles, and carbon nanoparticles as fillers into an epoxy matrix to improve the resistance to delamination of glass/epoxy curved laminates and thereby inhibit crack growth. In contrast to the baseline samples, curved samples containing 3% cellulose nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced curved beam strength and interlaminar tensile strength by 4.95% and 3.82%, respectively. Additionally, filler‐loaded samples exhibited reduced delamination and fracture propagation damage compared with baseline samples. The adhesion between the epoxy matrix and infill was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared analysis. In addition, live photographic images and fractured micrographs were correlated with mechanical findings in order to assess delamination suppression and damage processes in both the arm and arc directions.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of PVDF by filling with T‐ZnOw and MWCNT based on hybrid 3D network
Authors: Liu Huili , Chen Huayan , Chen Haodong , Wu Chaoting , Jia Yue , Wu Chunrui , Lu Xiaolong
Published: June 2024

In this work, a novel approach is taken to enhance the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of composites by developing highly efficient thermally conductive PVDF‐based composites. This is developed by incorporating tetra‐pod zinc oxide whiskers (T‐ZnOw) in conjunction with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to form binary hybrid fillers within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Polydopamine (PDA), characterized by physical adsorption, is selected for surface coating on T‐ZnOw since T‐ZnOw is easy to self‐agglomerate and difficult to modify by physical and chemical methods. The coating aims to improve the dispersibility of T‐ZnOw and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance with the substrate. MWCNT is oxidized to improve its dispersion ability while strengthening the interaction with the matrix, due to the absence of interaction between MWCNTs and polymer matrix and poor dispersibility with the matrix. The dispersity of PDA@T‐ZnOw and o‐MWCNT is improved, and the three‐dimensional hybrid network structure can be better constructed to improve the thermal conductivity of the composite membrane. At a filler content of 25 wt%, the thermal conductivity reaches 0.302 W m−1 K−1 for T‐ZnOw–MWCNT–PVDF and 0.222 W m−1 K−1 for PDA@T‐ZnOw–o‐MWCNT–PVDF.
Nanofibrous electroconductive scaffolds composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and modified polyaniline for skin tissue engineering application
Authors: Javid Mahnaz , Eskandani Morteza , Jaymand Mehdi , Massoumi Bakhshali
Published: June 2024

Nanofibrous electroconductive scaffolds were designed and fabricated using electrospinning approach based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)‐grafted polyaniline (PVA‐g‐PANI) and neat PVA with various PVA‐g‐PANI content for skin tissue engineering (STE) application. At first, phenylamine‐functionalized PVA macromonomer was synthesized, and then aniline was grafted onto macromonomer by an oxidation polymerization technique. The resultant PVA‐g‐PANI with different ratios was co‐electrospun with PVA to afford PVA‐g‐PANI/PVA electrically conductive nanofibrous scaffolds. Physicochemical features of the scaffolds, including water uptake properties, surface wettabilities, and morphologies as well as biological properties such as biodegradabilities, cytocompatibilities, cells adhesion and proliferation potentials, hemolysis rates, and protein adsorption capacities were investigated. Surface wettabilities of the scaffolds were altered from 55.7° for pure PVA up to 105.1° for the scaffold with the highest PVA‐g‐PANI content (30 wt%). It was found that the biodegradation rates of the scaffolds were decreased by increasing PVA‐g‐PANI content owing to very low biodegradation nature of PANI. Hemolysis assay revealed that all scaffolds were nonhemolytic (hemolysis rate <2%), except the scaffold that fabricated with 30 wt% of PVA‐g‐PANI. As results, the constructed scaffolds with 15 and 20 wt% of PVA‐g‐PANI (S3 and S4, respectively) exhibited higher potentials in both physicochemical and biological properties for STE application.
Understanding users' dynamic perceptions of search gain and cost in sessions: An expectation confirmation model
Authors: Wang Ben , Liu Jiqun
Published: June 2024

Understanding the roles of search gain and cost in users' search decision‐making is a key topic in interactive information retrieval (IIR). While previous research has developed user models based on simulated gains and costs, it is unclear how users' actual perceptions of search gains and costs form and change during search interactions. To address this gap, our study adopted expectation‐confirmation theory (ECT) to investigate users' perceptions of gains and costs. We re‐analyzed data from our previous study, examining how contextual and search features affect users' perceptions and how their expectation‐confirmation states impact their following searches. Our findings include: (1) The point where users' actual dwell time meets their constant expectation may serve as a reference point in evaluating perceived gain and cost; (2) these perceptions are associated with in situ experience represented by usefulness labels, browsing behaviors, and queries; (3) users' current confirmation states affect their perceptions of Web page usefulness in the subsequent query. Our findings demonstrate possible effects of expectation‐confirmation, prospect theory, and information foraging theory, highlighting the complex relationships among gain/cost, expectations, and dwell time at the query level, and the reference‐dependent expectation at the session level. These insights enrich user modeling and evaluation in human‐centered IR.
Ertüchtigungsplanung Chemnitzer Viadukt aus der Perspektive des Prüfingenieurs
Authors: Christein Sandra , Geißler Karsten , Schönberg Matthias
Published: June 2024

Das Chemnitzer Viadukt wurde für viergleisigen Betrieb mit einer Länge von 275 m in den Jahren 1901–1909 errichtet. Nach 120 Jahren der Nutzung musste es technisch instand gesetzt und für eine zeitgemäße Nutzung auf weitere 80 Jahre ertüchtigt werden. Der Brückenzug aus vier parallelen Überbauten verläuft über zwei Bögen und zehn Felder mit Vollwandträgern. Für die zukünftige zweigleisige Nutzung wurden die beiden inneren Überbauten mit Gleisen für den Schienenverkehr ausgestattet, die beiden äußeren Überbauten zur Unterbringung von Rand‐ und Rettungswegen sowie der technischen Ausstattung verwendet. Dafür wurden die inneren Balkenbrücken erneuert und als Stahlverbundkonstruktion ausgeführt. Die Unterbauten und sonstigen Überbaukonstruktionen wurden, entsprechend den Anforderungen des Denkmalschutzes, weitestgehend erhalten und nach Erfordernis saniert bzw. kleinteilig ausgetauscht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk lag auf dem Erhalt der Vielzahl historischer Stahllagerkonstruktionen. Die bauliche Umsetzung dieses komplexen Vorhabens unter „rollendem Rad“ erforderte besondere Maßnahmen für den laufenden Bahnbetrieb. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird nach einer Übersicht zum historischen Bauwerk und dessen Bewertung auf die für dieses Projekt hervorzuhebende Arbeit im Fachbeirat eingegangen und im Weiteren der Umgang mit verschiedenen Maßnahmen zur technischen Instandsetzung und Verstärkung unter Berücksichtigung des Denkmalschutzes in Verbindung mit einigen zusätzlich erforderlichen Genehmigungen und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall erläutert.
Mouse embryos, chimeras, and embryonal carcinoma stem cells—Reflections on the winding road to gene manipulation
Authors: Papaioannou Virginia E.
Published: June 2024

The relationship of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, the stem cells of germ cell‐ or embryo‐derived teratocarcinoma tumors, to early embryonic cells came under intense scrutiny in the early 1970s when mouse chimeras were produced between EC cells and embryos. These chimeras raised tantalizing possibilities and high hopes for different areas of research. The normalization of EC cells by the embryo lent validity to their use as in vitro models for embryogenesis and indicated that they might reveal information about the relationship between malignancy and differentiation. Chimeras also showed the way for the potential introduction of genes, selected in EC cells in vitro, into the germ line of mice. Although EC cells provided material for the elucidation of early embryonic events and stimulated many studies of early molecular differentiation, after years of intense scrutiny, they fell short as the means of genetic manipulation of the germ line, although arguably they pointed the way to the development of embryonic stem (ES) cells that eventually fulfilled this goal.
A ratiometric fluorescent probe based on a novel fluorophore with high selectivity for imaging cysteine in living cells
Authors: Miao Zhuo , Li Cheng , Pang Shude , Du Chenxi , Wei Ningning , Zhang Yanru
Published: June 2024

As a biothiol, cysteine (Cys) is essential to both physiological and pathological processes and has been associated with many diseases, including neurological disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, the development of a high‐performance probe for detecting Cys levels can help prevent and diagnose disease. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on a novel fluorophore was developed for detecting Cys, and it showed high specificity and a rapid response time toward Cys. This probe demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and has been utilized effectively for the imaging of Cys in living cells.
Varicella zoster virus and cytomegalovirus coinfection in a live related kidney transplant recipient: A case report
Authors: Bari Amit , Begum Nura Afza Salma , Nobi Farnaz , Rashid Harun Ur , Akhter Niyoti , Islam Sumona
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

The immunomodulatory effect of CMV makes coinfection with other microbes, like VZV possible and potentially deadlier in the post kidney transplant period. Treatment should be started promptly. Both infections can be treated with Valganciclovir.

Infections are common complications in kidney transplant recipients owing to the lifelong immunosuppression. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infections are quite common in the posttransplant period. Coinfection with both however has been reported only once. The immunomodulatory effect of CMV makes their interaction with other organisms like VZV potentially sinister. This is a case of a young woman who developed coinfection with HZV and CMV in the first month following a live related kidney transplantation from her mother. Transplant surgery went well with good urine output, but serum creatinine did not fall below 1.7 mg/dL. Immunosuppression consisted of intravenous (IV), followed by oral prednisolone, Mycophenolate Sodium (MPS) and Tacrolimus. 25 days after an uneventful surgery, she developed fever, followed by pain and vesicular eruption on the forehead, typical of VZV infection, along with rising creatinine. CMV PCR yielded 300 copies/mL of DNA, which was undetectable in both donor and recipient pre‐transplant. Total white blood cell count fell to 2 × 109/L. MPS was temporarily stopped. Treatment with Valgancyclovir led to resolution of fever, skin lesions and brought serum creatinine down to baseline over 2 weeks.
Massive malignant phyllodes tumor accompanied by anemia and ulceration in the breast: A case report
Authors: Dong Xiaoxiao , Song Dong , Ma Jinxiu , Sun Jian , Wang Xiaozhen
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical Message

Large malignant breast phyllodes tumors are uncommon in clinical settings. Here, we report such a case to provide a reference for clinical work. A 48‐year‐old woman identified a lump in her right breast, which eventually grew up to 25 cm × 10 cm and began to rapidly bleed and ulcerate within 3 months. The patient had visible signs of anemia and significant emaciation as a result of the tumor's wasting effect and the protracted course of the disease. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy on the right breast. The pathology results obtained after surgery revealed a malignant phyllodes tumor. No adjuvant therapy, such as chemotherapy or radiation, was administered. The patient had no symptoms of tumor recurrence and complications from the surgery after a follow‐up of 9 months.
Dehydration of Fructose to 5‐HMF Catalyzed by Commercial Faujasite Zeolites: Kinetic Study and Influence of the Properties of the Catalyst
Authors: Han Yuna , Caillol Noémie , Allain Florent , Mekki‐Berrada Adrien , Pirngruber Gerhard , Larmier Kim
Published: June 2024

We carried out a mechanistic investigation of the dehydration of fructose catalyzed by a series of proton‐exchanged faujasite zeolites. Using a combination of analytical tools (HPLC, GC, NMR), we could solve and quantify most of the variety of products formed, including (i) cyclic intermediates (ii) transient species (monomeric and dimeric) (iii) byproducts (oligomeric species and humins). The results prove that the reaction goes through a cyclic mechanism, and we could propose a kinetic model matching most of our experimental results and describing the interplay between the different categories of products. By comparing the performances of different catalysts with varying properties, we surprisingly find that increasing the concentration of Brønsted acid sites induces lower catalytic activity. Contrary to general expectations, the mesoporous volume seems to be the most determining parameter for the activity of the catalysts over the set of catalysts evaluated here, which may be explained by the importance of allowing the reactant a significant accessibility to the active sites.
Recent Advances in Alloy Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Gao Biao , Wen Zhang , Wang Yifu , Chen Donghang , Yang Bin , Ishihara Tatsumi , Guo Limin
Published: June 2024

The increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) have a huge environmental impact, and CO2 emission reduction is already a common view in our society. Recently, selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol has attracted much attention because the process can effectively mitigate CO2 emissions and simultaneously produce high‐value‐added chemicals and fuels. The catalysts play a very important role in achieving high efficiency of CO2 to methanol. As one promising alternative, the alloy catalysts have demonstrated high performance in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol due to their unique geometry and electronic properties. Herein, we review the recent advances in alloy catalysts, including solid solution alloys and intermetallic compounds (mainly Cu‐based, In‐based, Ga‐based, and other alloy catalysts) for heterogeneous catalysis of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Moreover, the research ideas and development prospects of alloy catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol are overviewed to provide the ideas and references for the subsequent research on alloy catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation.
A Prebiotic Pathway to Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Authors: Bechtel Maximilian , Kurrle Nathalie J. , Trapp Oliver
Published: June 2024

Enzymes play a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. A wide range of enzymes require the presence of complementary coenzymes and cofactors to function properly. While coenzymes are believed to have been part of the last universal ancestor (LUCA) or have been present even earlier, the syntheses of crucial coenzymes like the redox‐active coenzymes flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) remain challenging. Here, we present a pathway to NAD+ under prebiotic conditions starting with ammonia, cyanoacetaldehyde, prop‐2‐ynal and sugar‐forming precursors, yielding in situ the nicotinamide riboside. Regioselective phosphorylation and water stable light activated adenosine monophosphate derivatives allow for topographically and irradiation‐controlled formation of NAD+. Our findings indicate that NAD+, a coenzyme vital to life, can be formed non‐enzymatically from simple organic feedstock molecules via photocatalytic activation under prebiotically plausible early Earth conditions in a continuous process under aqueous conditions.
The involvement of circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Zhou Jiahong , Wei Chao , Li Guangrong , He Wenwei , Song Miao , Liu Xuexue , Feng Jia , Liu Jinbo
Published: June 2024

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a group of clinical diseases based on pathology of atherosclerosis that is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a bidirectional interaction between ASCVD and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Alterations in circulating miRNAs levels are involved in the development of ASCVD in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, however, the correlation between ASCVD co‐infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and alterations of cardiac‐specific miRNAs is not well understood.

Hypothesis

The circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a are involved in bidirectional interactions between ASCVD and SARS‐CoV‐2 infections.

Methods

Circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a levels were measured in serum and PBMCs deriving from ASCVD patients and controls after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by qRT‐PCR analysis. The levels of neutralizing antibodies‐resistant SARS‐CoV‐2 in human serum was determined by competitive magnetic particle chemiluminescence method. Interleukin (IL)‐6 levels were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer using electrochemiluminescence.

Results

Significant downregulation of circulating miR‐146a and upregulation of miR‐27a in ASCVD patients after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with controls were observed, among which the alterations were more evident in ASCVD patients comorbid with hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Consistently, correlation analysis revealed that serum miR‐146a and miR‐27a levels were associated with the levels of lipids and glucose, inflammatory response, and immune function in ASCVD patients. Remarkably, SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein RBD stimulation of PBMCs derived from both ASCVD and controls significantly downregulated miR‐146a, upregulated miR‐27a expression levels, and promoted IL‐6 release in vitro.

Conclusions

The circulating miR‐146a and miR‐27a are involved in metabolism, inflammation, and immune levels in patients with ASCVD after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, laying the foundation for the development of strategies to prevent the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in ASCVD patients.
Effect of effective microorganisms on water purification and microbial community in a pond
Authors: Mori Miho , Miki Shouhei , Inayoshi Masaki , Yamamoto Masaki , Ozaki Ryota , Sakagami Yoshikazu , Jojima Toru
Published: June 2024

There are very few reports about water purification and its influence on indigenous microorganisms by effective microorganisms (EM) in the fields. This study investigated the effect of EM on water purification and microbial community via in vitro and field experiments. In in vitro water purification experiments, we examined values for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus, and total nitrogen (TN). In systems in which the active EM solutions were at a concentration of less than 1:2000 of the total water sample, the values after 28 days were equal to or lower than those of the control. In systems using 1:200 and 1:100 active EM solutions, COD and TN values were significantly lower in artificial wastewater compared to control. Conversely, they were significantly higher than the control in the pond water. When the active EM solutions were added to the pond water, total microbial plate counts were higher than the control after 28 days for all concentrations of the EM active solutions. Excessive use of EM caused deterioration of water quality and increase of microbial counts. The results of field experiments for 4 years suggested that EM treatment did not purify the pond water, establish introduced EM, or affect indigenous microorganisms.
Lithium Fluoride Enhanced Platinum Catalytic Exchange of Hydrogen Isotopes by High Hydrogen Adsorption at Low Temperature
Authors: Liu Chenxiao , Xu Yongsheng , Ren Jia , Liu Weiyi , Xin Feng
Published: June 2024

The catalytic exchange of hydrogen isotopes is a promising technology for purifying recycled water in nuclear power stations. However, it remains a challenge for achieving high catalytic efficiency and stability at low temperatures. In this work, we propose a facile strategy to enhance the catalyst efficiency by introducing LiF in the Pt/Ti3AlC2 (Pt−5‐LiF/Ti3AlC2). The incorporation of LiF significantly achieves high catalytic exchange efficiency of 92 % and a turnover frequency of 28.1 h−1, which are more than twice that of Pt/Ti3AlC2. The structure‐activity relationship analysis reveals that the introduction of LiF substantially enhanced the hydrogen adsorption capacity of the catalyst and further improved the performance of the catalysts. Moreover, this LiF‐added strategy is also applicable to other Pt‐based catalysts such as Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/activated carbon. This work provides a novel catalyst design strategy for high‐efficiency catalytic exchange of hydrogen isotopes.
Bioequivalence Study of Velpatasvir/Sofosbuvir Oral Coated Tablets in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions
Authors: Noskov Sergei , Arefeva Anna , Radaeva Kseniia , Makarenko Igor , Gefen Maria , Drai Roman
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted as a single‐site, open‐label, randomized, replicated crossover trial with 4 treatment periods. The aim was to evaluate the bioequivalence of a generic test drug containing velpatasvir and sofosbuvir compared to an established brand‐name medication in healthy White subjects under fasting conditions. Blood samples were collected at specified intervals up to 72 hours after dosing to measure the concentrations of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir using a certified high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. The bioequivalence of the 2 formulations was confirmed when statistical analysis showed that confidence intervals for the log‐transformed peak concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable sample were within an acceptable range from 80% to 125%. Criteria for bioequivalence were met for both area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 until the last quantifiable sample and peak concentration parameters. No adverse effects were reported during this trial in both groups.
A solution on parameter fluctuation of integrated on‐board battery chargers based on recursive least square algorithm
Authors: Deng Zhuofeng , Du Guiping , Zhu Tiansheng , Lei Yanxiong
Published: June 2024

Integrated on‐board battery chargers (IOBCs) are receiving increasing academic attention due to their low cost and low weight advantages. However, IOBCs suffer from periodic saturation, which causes periodic changes in inductance, which may lead to deterioration in control performance. Model‐free predictive control (MFPC) is a strongly robust control method that is suitable for solving the periodic saturation problem of IOBCs with pulsating magnetic fields. In this paper, a common single‐phase IOBC topology is used as an example, the causes of inductance fluctuations are analyzed, and finite element analysis (FEM) of motor inductance with different motor qualities is carried out. A recursive least squares (RLS)‐based solution method is proposed, and its convergence is analyzed. The feasibility of the proposed control scheme is experimentally verified.
Non‐m6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies
Authors: Chen Meiling , Chen Yuanzhong , Wang Kitty , Deng Xiaolan , Chen Jianjun
Published: June 2024

Dysregulated RNA modifications, stemming from the aberrant expression and/or malfunction of RNA modification regulators operating through various pathways, play pivotal roles in driving the progression of haematological malignancies. Among RNA modifications, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, the most abundant internal mRNA modification, stands out as the most extensively studied modification. This prominence underscores the crucial role of the layer of epitranscriptomic regulation in controlling haematopoietic cell fate and therefore the development of haematological malignancies. Additionally, other RNA modifications (non‐m6A RNA modifications) have gained increasing attention for their essential roles in haematological malignancies. Although the roles of the m6A modification machinery in haematopoietic malignancies have been well reviewed thus far, such reviews are lacking for non‐m6A RNA modifications. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles and implications of non‐m6A RNA modifications, including N4‐acetylcytidine, pseudouridylation, 5‐methylcytosine, adenosine to inosine editing, 2′‐O‐methylation, N1‐methyladenosine and N7‐methylguanosine in haematopoietic malignancies. We summarise the regulatory enzymes and cellular functions of non‐m6A RNA modifications, followed by the discussions of the recent studies on the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of non‐m6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies. We also highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting dysregulated non‐m6A modifiers in blood cancer.
In Situ Growth of 2D Metal–Organic Framework Ion Sieve Interphase for Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Sun Jing , Jian Qinping , Liu Bin , Lin Pengzhu , Zhao Tianshou
Published: June 2024

Zinc metal anodes are gaining popularity in aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems for their high safety, cost‐effectiveness, and high capacity. However, the service life of zinc metal anodes is severely constrained by critical challenges, including dendrites, water‐induced hydrogen evolution, and passivation. In this study, a protective two‐dimensional metal–organic framework interphase is in situ constructed on the zinc anode surface with a novel gel vapor deposition method. The ultrathin interphase layer (~1 μm) is made of layer‐stacking 2D nanosheets with angstrom‐level pores of around 2.1 Å, which serves as an ion sieve to reject large solvent–ion pairs while homogenizes the transport of partially desolvated zinc ions, contributing to a uniform and highly reversible zinc deposition. With the shielding of the interphase layer, an ultra‐stable zinc plating/stripping is achieved in symmetric cells with cycling over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and ~700 h at 1 mA cm−2, far exceeding that of the bare zinc anodes (250 and 70 h). Furthermore, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the full cell paired with MnO2 cathode demonstrates improved rate performances and stable cycling (1200 cycles at 1 A g−1). This work provides fresh insights into interphase design to promote the performance of zinc metal anodes.
Garnet and Li29Zr9Nb3O40 Modified PEO‐Based Hybrid Solid Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Qing , Lin Haiqin , Zhao Jie , Zhou Bingxue , Zhang Yudong , Cui Can , Shen Jiangwei , Dai Weiji , Zhao Cuijiao , Huang Saifang
Published: June 2024

Inorganic‐organic hybrid solid electrolytes (HSEs) are an important category of electrolyte materials for solid‐state batterie. It is of interest and importance to investigate the influence of composition and content of inorganic fillers on the electrochemical performance of HSEs. In this paper, we fabricated HSEs using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as matrix and incorporating different inorganic powders as active fillers. A series of HSEs with different contents of Ga/Nb co‐substituted garnet oxide (Li6.35Ga0.15La3Zr1.8Nb0.2O12, GN‐LLZO) and Y‐doped Li29Zr9Nb3O40 (Li29.3Zr8.7Y0.3Nb3O40, 0.3Y‐LZNO) were carefully designed. The ionic conductivity of these PEO‐based HSEs were studied, and their performance in solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries with LiFePO4 (LFP) as cathode material and Li metal as anode were evaluated. The results showed that the HSE with addition content of inorganic powders, namely PEOLiTFSI@5 % GN‐LLZO +5 %0.3Y‐LZNO (noted as PL3) showed the optimized ionic conductivity of 2.9×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature with an activation energy Ea of 0.21 eV. It has an electrochemical stability window of 4.65 V and ionic transfer number of 0.242. The addition of inorganic powders not only enhanced the ionic conductivities of PEO‐based HSEs, but also exhibited superior stability and interfacial compatibility with electrodes, leading to the improved cycle stability in the LFP/PL3/Li solid‐state battery configuration.
Insights into date seed oil composition: Geographical variability and potential applications
Authors: El Harkaoui Said , N'Diaye Katharina , Gharby Said , Al‐Hilal Maryam , Charrouf Zoubida , Rohn Sascha , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: June 2024

Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) processing generates substantial quantities of date seeds, constituting a potential source of valuable oil yet currently considered waste. This study aimed at characterizing date seed oil (DSO) as a prospective approach for date seed valorization while investigating the influence of geographical origin on its composition. Samples from three Moroccan palm groves (Allougoum, Alnif, and Errachidia) and four non‐Moroccan samples were analyzed. Liquid and gas chromatography were applied to determine the chemical composition. The prevalent fatty acids were oleic acid (Ol), ranging from 40.8% to 50.2%, followed by lauric acid (La, 14.0%–24.2%), myristic acid (My, 9.0%–12.6%), palmitic acid (Pa, 9.0%–11.6%), linoleic acid (7.1%–10.7%), and stearic acid (St, 2.4%–4.8%). Major triacylglycerols identified included LaOlLa, LaOlMy, LaOlPa, LaOlOl, MyOlPa, MyOlOl, and PaOlOl. Notably, DSO contains significant tocochromanol (424–760 mg kg−1) and phytosterol content (3422–4827 mg kg−1), with specific phytosterols identified for the first time. Multivariate analysis employing principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, supplemented by heatmaps, underscored the influence of geographical origin on DSO composition. Moroccan samples exhibited distinctive profiles rich in St, Ol, Pa, PaOlSt, MyOlPa, PaOlPa, γ‐tocotrienol, and δ‐tocotrienol, leading to a differentiation from non‐Moroccan oils. Challenges in classifying DSO within selected Moroccan palm groves were discussed, emphasizing the necessity to consider major and minor compounds, along with date varieties, in geographical effect studies.

Practical Applications: By delving into the chemical properties and potential applications of DSO, this research strives to contribute to sustainable and economically viable approaches for utilizing agricultural waste products.
Optimizing Electrode Efficiency in Lithium Titanate: Investigating the Impact of Electrolyte Additives on Cylindrical Li‐Ion Capacitor Cells
Authors: Aphirakaramwong Chalita , Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Tejangkura Worapol , Songthan Ronnachai , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in lithium‐based energy storage focus on new electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and capacitors. Lithium titanate (LTO) emerges as a key player, offering minimal volume change, rapid charging, and enhanced safety. A critical discovery is the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on LTO electrodes, especially with electrolyte additives, improving electrochemical performance. This study investigates additive effects on LTO. Large‐scale Li‐ion capacitors (LIC) of LTO//activated carbon (AC) are crafted and evaluated. Notably, adding just 1% of methylene methanedisulfonate (MMDS) or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) to a 1 m LiPF6 electrolyte markedly increases capacities and maintains performance over 500 cycles, outperforming other additives. These additives also boost large‐scale capacitor capacities, showing exceptional stability for over 1600 cycles. This underlines the potential of customized electrolyte additives in elevating LTO‐based energy storage, leading to more durable and efficient lithium‐based solutions.
Substituent engineering in tertiary phosphine oxides for passivating defects of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Sun‐Ho , Cho Seong Chan , Lee Sang Uck , Park Nam‐Gyu
Published: June 2024

Defect passivation based on Lewis acid–base chemistry has been regarded as an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report on tertiary phosphine oxides (R3PO) as materials for defect passivation, where photovoltaic performance was investigated depending on the substituents R. Electron‐donating ability of the substituents in R3PO was found to play an important role in passivation. Cyclohexyl substituent was better in achieving photovoltaic performance than linear hexyl substituent. The heterocyclic morpholine substituent bearing oxygen and nitrogen in cyclohexyl form further improved photovoltaic performance due to its enhanced electron‐donating ability. Compared with an untreated PSC, the trimorpholinophosphine oxide (TMPPO)‐treated PSC improved the power conversion efficiency from 21.95% to 23.72%. Additionally, the dark‐storage stability test with an unencapsulated device showed that the TMPPO‐treated device maintained 92.7% of its initial PCE after 1250 h, while 86.8% was maintained for the untreated device. Three hundred hour‐light‐soaking of the encapsulated devices revealed that the operational stability of the TMPPO‐treated PSC was superior to the untreated device.

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