bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La implementación del sistema de justicia penal acusatorio en México
Authors: Huerta Peruyero Roberto
Published: January 2024

La entrada del sistema penal acusatorio ha supuesto un parteaguas en la administración de justicia para México. Se han escrito numerosos documentos sobre las implicaciones de la reforma que le da origen en términos técnico-jurídicos; sin embargo, hay un tema que se ha mantenido relegado de la discusión y este es el reto que debe enfrentar el sistema penal acusatorio: ganar credibilidad frente al enorme descontento y desconfianza que tiene la ciudadanía sobre la aplicación de justicia en México. El presente trabajo pretende exhibir un diagnóstico general sobre la percepción social respecto al sistema penal mexicano, en contraste con las principales propuestas del legislador manifestadas en la reforma para revertir esta situación y, por último, un primer balance a poco más de un año de su implementación en todo el país.
Motivación y elección de jueces en la corte constitucional ecuatoriana como fuente de legitimidad democrática
Authors: López Hidalgo Sebastián
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo pretende, por un lado, resaltar cómo el deber de motivación influye de forma directa en el contexto de justificación del discurso jurídico, de modo que fortalece los vínculos de legitimidad democrática; y, por otro lado, evidenciar cómo algunos mecanismos de elección democrática de los jueces constitucionales ayudan a atenuar los rasgos contra mayoritarios de la revisión judicial.

En efecto, un sistema que sea capaz de asegurar el máximo de independencia y autonomía judicial es el que ostentará mejores credenciales democráticas. Sin embargo, en el caso ecuatoriano, –conforme se evidenciará en este artículo–, con un diseño normativo marcado por un presidencialismo exacerbado, y una fuerte incidencia del ejecutivo en la designación de los jueces constitucionales, la independencia judicial parece estar comprometida.
El método cooperativo como técnica conciliatoria para trabajar la solución de conflictos
Authors: Alzate Luis Alberto , Martínez Odette
Published: January 2024

En muchos ordenamientos jurídicos, cada vez toma más fuerza el uso de los medios alternativos de solución de conflictos y, además del necesario perfeccionamiento de estos en su maniqueísmo jurídico, es necesario determinar las técnicas que permitan llegar a un consenso básico para la solución del conflicto per se; porque, sin duda, el consenso es humano y necesita aunar voluntades para el éxito del medio de solución de conflicto previsto por el Derecho.
Ruumishautojen ajoittamisen haasteellisuus
Authors: Moilanen Ulla
Published: January 2024

Pälkäneen rauniokirkolta vuonna 2022 tutkittu aineisto mahdollistaa kiinnostavan tapaustutkimuksenhautojen ajoituksellisten piirteiden ja radiohiiliajoitusten tarkasteluun. Kaivauksen vanhimmat ruumishaudat ajoitettiin 1200-luvulle. Erityisen kiinnostava oli havainto, että kolmessa ja jopa neljässä kerroksessa päällekkäin sijainneet haudat ajoittuivat kaikki vain yhden vuosisadan ajalle. Hautojen päällekkäisyyttä ei siis voi automaattisesti pitää osoituksena kalmistojen pitkäaikaisesta käytöstä. Tutkimus myösosoittaa, että kalmistoista ei tulisi ajoittaa ainoastaan yksittäisiä hautoja vaan mieluummin suurempiakokonaisuuksia. Ruumishautojen tapauksessa on huomioitava myös radiohiiliajoituksiin vaikuttavat eritekijät, minkä vuoksi myös tafonomiset ja kontekstuaaliset seikat tulee huomioida ajoitusarvioissa luonnontieteellisen ajoituksen rinnalla.
Peran Kegiatan Kursus Pembina Pramuka Mahir Tingkat Dasar (KMD) dalam membentuk karakter generasi muda
Authors: Qaedi Zihni Faris Hazmi , Suyahman
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine the role of the Basic Level Scout Training Course (KMD) in shaping the character of Indonesia's young generation. Using a qualitative approach and literature study, this research highlights that KMD is not just a technical scouting course, but is also a concrete vehicle for the holistic character formation of participants. KMD integrates human values, unity, deliberation and social justice through various activities such as ceremonies, discussions and community service. The research results show that KMD is able to produce a young generation who is not only proficient in the field of scouting, but also ready to face various challenges in the future. In this context, research proposes increasing the integration of character values in KMD material as well as increasing aspects of personal guidance to ensure holistic growth. The ultimate goal of KMD is to produce scout leaders who are open to input, active in outdoor learning and coaching, work cohesively in groups, and have a positive orientation in all activities.
Comparativa de control automático PID vs control por redes neuronales artificiales.
Authors: Mendoza Loor Alex Joel , Suárez Pozo Carolina Michelle , Pozo Catuto Kevin Alexis , Cruz Yagual Marcos Guillermo , Saldaña Enderica Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2024

Este trabajo de investigación aborda la comparación entre dos enfoques de control, el Control Proporcional-Integral-Derivativo (PID) y Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA), aplicados a un motor de corriente continua (DC).
En la implementación del control PID, se emplea MATLAB y Simulink para diseñar y ajustar los parámetros del controlador, asegurando un seguimiento óptimo de la velocidad y posición del motor. Por otro lado, se utiliza una aproximación de Redes Neuronales Artificiales para modelar y controlar el sistema, permitiendo una adaptación dinámica y no lineal.
Los resultados obtenidos proporcionarán una comprensión profunda de las ventajas y limitaciones de cada método de control en el contexto específico del motor DC. Esta investigación contribuye al avance en el campo de la electrónica y automatización al proporcionar información valiosa para la selección y aplicación efectiva de estrategias de control en sistemas electromecánicos.
La conception de la mort à Rome à l’époque impériale
Authors: Gautho Myriam Sylvesta
Published: January 2024

Death is one of mankind's most frightening and enigmatic themes, often a source of emotion, anxiety and questioning. This article aims to show how the Romans imagined and conceived death in antiquity. Various sources - textual, iconographic, archaeological, etc. - offer innumerable testimonies that shed light on this people's idea of death. Dying is clearly an individual act, fatal to the human condition. Generally speaking, death is also a community phenomenon, as it is the object of the same solicitude as birth. Antiquity's desire to unravel the mystery of death left it wanting more, but it forged and accommodated its own conception of death as a source of endless hope for life.
Haze Removal Of Underwater Images Using Fusion Technique
Authors: Dr. Megha Rani Raigonda  , Rajeshwari Hatti
Published: January 2024

Problems with water absorption and dispersion, color loss, poor light, and limited vision are some of the main obstacles and restrictions in underwater photography. A fusion-based method is suggested to enhance these photos' quality; specifically, it would employ the Gray world algorithm and CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization) to boost color and contrast. The contrast-enhanced, white-balanced, and weight maps are successfully fused using a multi-scale fusion approach to provide a superior picture. This technique greatly improves underwater picture clarity by eliminating haze and increasing visibility.
Análisis de los estudios de farmacología clínica de oncología autorizados por la agencia regulatoria nacional en Argentina entre 2018 y 2022
Authors: Salazar Güemes Cecilia , Murias María Alejandra , Traversi Laura , Sammartino Inés , González Laura , Taffo Juan , Papayannis Cristina , Delgado Carolina , González Agovino Laura , Símula Silvina , Sagastume Mariano , Bisio Agustina
Published: January 2024

El paradigma tradicional de la investigación clínica farmacológica comprende la realización de estudios de fase 1, 2 y 3. Sin embargo, el reciente avance de lo que se ha dado en llamar “medicina de precisión” ha impulsado el surgimiento de innovaciones en el diseño de ensayos clínicos, en especial en el área de la oncología. Este artículo tiene como propósito describir y caracterizar los estudios de farmacología clínica de oncología autorizados por la Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica (ANMAT) durante el período comprendido entre agosto de 2018 y julio de 2022; analizar el estado de situación de los diseños de los ensayos clínicos en oncología, las fases de investigación, los productos en investigación y el sitio de localización tumoral en relación con el avance de la medicina de precisión y los diseños innovadores.
Eficacia antimicrobiana: Fiscalización de soluciones oftálmicas multidosis con conservantes en la formulación para el tratamiento de glaucoma, comercializadas en Argentina según listado de Vademécum Nacional de Medicamentos (2020-2022)
Authors: Freire Karla A. , Bitonte Lucía , Canil Ana L. , Llauró Verónica , Rodriguez Yanina I.
Published: January 2024

Las soluciones oftálmicas multidosis son productos estériles destinados a su instilación en el ojo con fines terapéuticos. Las formulaciones deben ser capaces de mantener una calidad microbiológica adecuada durante todo el periodo de vida útil, ya que una contaminación microbiana puede alterar el producto y causar graves infecciones oculares. En el presente trabajo, se realizó una evaluación de soluciones oftálmicas con conservantes en la formulación para el tratamiento de glaucoma, comercializadas en Argentina, según datos recolectados del Vademécum Nacional de Medicamentos durante el período 2020-2022. Mediante inspecciones de fiscalización de producto, se realizó un muestreo horizontal. Se fiscalizaron 17 establecimientos titulares, en los cuales se realizó el muestreo de 49 especialidades medicinales. Las muestras solicitadas fueron analizadas a través del ensayo de eficacia antimicrobiana, según lineamientos establecidos en el capítulo <80>del primer suplemento de la Farmacopea Argentina, 7ª edición. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el 94 % de los ensayos cumplieron con las especificaciones farmacopeicas. Respecto de los ensayos no satisfactorios, se observó que no se alcanzaron los criterios de aceptación farmacopeicos para el microorganismo Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Prevalencia de disfuncao sexual feminina na cidade de Sao Paulo
Authors: Carolline Romeiro Pinto Mulotto Samantha
Published: January 2024

Background: Sexual function is part of the quality of life of human beings and is divided into body and mind, and female sexual dysfunction is a public health problem. Aims: To evaluate the female sexual function of women in the city of São Paulo, SP. Method: the sexual function of 52 women was assessed using the FSFI questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the results. Results: 11 of the volunteers (21.6%) had scores compatible with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: even for a small group of women in the general population, the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was in line with the prevalence described in the literature.
Fisioterapia pelvica no tratamento das disfuncoes do orgasmo feminino
Authors: Torres Chaves Nathania
Published: January 2024

Background: Among the female sexual dysfunctions, orgasm dysfunctions are highlighted, a topic, however, little studied. Aims: to raise physiotherapeutic techniques that treat female orgasmic dysfunctions, describing the most frequently used. Method: PubMed, Lilacs, PEDro databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2016, selected using the following descriptors: physical therapy, female sexual dysfunction, treatment, and its variants in English, including studies published in Portuguese, English and Chinese; clinical trials in women that described treatment for female sexual dysfunctions. Results: 314 articles were found and 15 were included. Conclusion: there are different proposals for physiotherapeutic treatment for anorgasmia suggested in the literature, but their diversity still does not allow a clear conclusion. New studies of better methodological quality on the subject are urgent.
Sexualidade e parto: dor sexual em puerperas
Authors: Oliveira de Araújo Camila
Published: January 2024

Background: Pregnancy is a special moment in a woman's life, but along with it, problems can arise related to various aspects of women's health and, among these, sexual ones, directly affecting the quality of life during and after the gestational period. Aims: To survey the presence of sexual dysfunctions in the puerperium, correlating with the mode of delivery. Method: Systematic review of MedLine, PEDro, PubMed and Scielo databases with the keywords dyspareunia, puerperium and mode of delivery, as well as their variables in English in search of articles that addressed this topic. Results: 33 articles were found using the keywords, only 7 fit the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Sexual pain is present in the puerperium, mainly until the first 3 months after delivery, so that the population of puerperal women is at risk for this type of dysfunction, for which there is pelvic physiotherapy as a treatment.
Avaliacao de mulheres com incontinencia urinaria de acordo com a Classificacao Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saude - CIF
Authors: Rayelle Fernandes Sousa Bernarda
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary incontinence highlights any involuntary loss of urine, requiring an encompassing or biopsychosocial assessment of patients, the ICF offers a simplified and objective assessment of human functions and their restrictions. Aims: To use an ICF to assess women diagnosed with UI. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study developed with women with urinary incontinence. Physical evaluation, and through an interview composed of personal data and quality of life questionnaires. Results: Ten women diagnosed with UI were evaluated and 70% had symptoms of urgency. In the physical evaluation, an average grade 3 strength of the pelvic floor was observed. And in relation to the assessment of quality of life through the instruments I-QOL and KHQ, a greater impact was observed on the psychosocial factor, social limitations, personal relationships and on the index of emotions. Conclusion: The assessment based on the ICF adds information on functionality, limitations and psychosocial impact, allows the preparation of a more specific treatment for women with urinary incontinence.
Nova classificacao etiologica e funcional para as dores genitais femininas, masculinas e infantis
Authors: F Sutter Latorre Gustavo
Published: January 2024

Background: Current classifications of genital pain are obsolete or makes no functional sense for pelvic physiotherapy, and should be seriously revised. Aims: to propose a new etiological and functional classification that can be used to assess genital pain by pelvic physiotherapists, guiding treatment with objective and specific techniques for each type of pain. Method: review from Pubmed, Scielo, LILACS and PEDro databases for paper on chronic pain and genitopelvic pain. Review of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for entries that allow the functional classification of genital pain. Results: There are muscle-type and connective-type myofascial pain, both of which can be diagnosed by the pelvic physiotherapist and treated in a specific and effective way, however further studies of these techniques are urgently needed. Conclusion: It was possible to classify genital pain into two groups regardless of age and/or gender, being type 1 muscle pain and type 2 connecting pain, both with specific treatment.
Exercício hipopressivo e incontinencia urinaria: revisao
Authors: Raquel de Lima Andrade Sabrina
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary incontinence is due to pelvic floor disorders. Targeted exercises can aid recovery and reduce symptoms. Aims: to investigate how hypopressive abdominal exercises can help to reduce the symptoms of urinary incontinence in women. Method: integrative review in PubMed, BVS Lilacs and Cochrane Library databases looking for “urinary incontinence” AND “hypopressive exercises” OR “hypopressive techniques”. Six articles were fully analyzed. Of these, there was a predominance of the comparison between hypopressive exercises and pelvic floor muscle training. Results: For the most part, there were beneficial effects on pelvic floor toning and improvement in urinary incontinence symptoms. When compared to other techniques, such as pelvic floor muscle training, almost no or little significant difference was identified. Conclusion: There is a predominance of greater evidence of hypopressive exercises in postpartum recovery than in the treatment of urinary incontinence. More and in-depth studies are needed regarding the relationship between hypopressive exercise and urinary incontinence.
Funcao sexual de gestantes: estudo transversal
Authors: Souza da Silva Andreyna
Published: January 2024

Background: Several physiological adaptations transform and affect the anatomical systems resulting from the hormonal and mechanical effects of pregnancy, which end up affecting the strength of the pelvic floor muscles and the structures that support the pelvic organs, interfering with the sexuality and sexual function of pregnant women, causing changes in behavior, desire and sexual response. Pregnant women may have conditions including hypoactive sexual desire, aversion disorders, sexual arousal and orgasm, as well as dyspareunia and vaginismus. Aims: To evaluate the sexual function of pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, data collection was performed online, in which a sample characterization form was used, containing personal data, gynecological, obstetric, clinical and behavioral factors. Then, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was applied to assess sexual function. Results: Regarding sexual function, 73.3% of pregnant women had desire dysfunction, 66.7% arousal dysfunction, 46.7% lubrication dysfunction, 40.0% orgasm dysfunction, 56.7% satisfaction dysfunction, 96.7% pain dysfunction and 60.0% total sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: These results suggest a decrease in all domains of sexual function in the population studied.
Fisioterapia pelvica nas disfuncoes pos transgenizacao em mulheres trans: revisao
Authors: Mabel Gomes Fonseca Kevla
Published: January 2024

Background: Transgender people are those whose gender identities differ from those intended for the sex they were assigned at birth. A transgender woman is every person who claims recognition as a woman. Among transgender people, some choose to undergo gender reassignment surgery. Aims: To gather and analyze works focused on the performance of physiotherapy in the postoperative period of reassignment surgery. Method: Integrative review on the main dysfunctions presented in the postoperative period of reassignment surgery; search in the Scielo, PubMed, PEDro databases for the descriptors: “trans women”, “pelvic floor”, “physiotherapy”, “pelvic floor”, “transgender people”, “physical therapy modalities”. Results: Found 20 articles, 6 included. Discussion: Surgeries can cause urinary, anorectal and sexual dysfunctions. Despite the strong performance of Pelvic Physiotherapy for these dysfunctions in cis women, the performance and scientific production for trans women is scarce. Conclusion: Pelvic Physiotherapy resources that already exist should benefit the trans population, but there is still a shortage in the literature aimed at this population.
Prevalência de disfuncao sexual feminina em Guarapuava PR
Authors: Tamisa Leonel Alana
Published: January 2024

Background: Sexuality is part of human health, reflecting on people's well-being and quality of life. Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is associated with difficulty in maintaining sexual responses, altering painful, sexual, substitutive perceptions and orgasm. Due to its subjectivity, it needs evaluative instruments that address multiple issues. This is possible through self-assessment tests and can be done online, promoting the guarantee of a reliable, valid and wide collection. Aims: To describe the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in sexually active women in the city of Guarapuava/PR and region. Method: Quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Data were collected through an online test containing sample characterization and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results: Of the 54 women who participated in the study, 31 (57.40%) were diagnosed with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is a reality in women's lives, with pain as the main cause of the disorder.
Hidroterapia durante o trabalho de parto
Authors: Deyziane da Silva Rocha Amanda
Published: January 2024

Background: Hydrotherapy is a resource that is increasingly being used, and may possibly help with labor. Aims: to describe the possible effects of using hydrotherapy in facilitating labor. Method: Integrative review carried out in the LILACS, SCIELO and MEDLINE/PUBMED databases using the descriptors hydrotherapy, labor pain and humanized childbirth. Selected only in Portuguese and English, available in free texts, published between 2017 and 2022. Results: Of the 22 identified, only 3 studies were included: two randomized trials and one observational study applied the use of a hot bath in a bathtub or shower in isolation or associated with Swiss ball exercises. There was a reduction in pain, an increase in cervical dilatation, a reduction in anxiety and a shorter duration of labor. Conclusion: The use of a warm immersion or aspersion bath alone or when combined with exercises on the Swiss ball promotes greater comfort, reduces anxiety and fear, regulates uterine contractions, cervix dilation and increases the level of satisfaction with care in childbirth.
Conhecimento de diferentes Profissionais de Saude acerca das disfuncoes do assoalho pelvico
Authors: Queiroz de Oliveira Abreu Margareth
Published: January 2024

Background: Pelvic floor dysfunctions are problems that arise when your muscles do not work properly, including urinary tract and sexual function disorders, resulting in quality of life. Aims: To analyze the knowledge of health professionals about pelvic floor disorders. Method: Cross-sectional, observational study. Data were collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. Results: Of the 116 professionals who answered the questionnaire, most were female (78.4%), the most common academic title was specialization (59.4%). Among the professions, the physician obtained the highest number of correct answers (15.08±1.5) and it was possible to notice a statistically significant correlation associating a higher academic level with a higher number of correct answers. Conclusion: Health professionals have limitations regarding knowledge of the signs and symptoms and treatment options for the main pelvic floor disorders. Education level was correlated with recognition.
Impactos da gestação na função sexual feminina: revisao
Authors: da Silva Dias Gessica
Published: January 2024

Background: Pregnancy is a process characterized by intense physical, biological, psychological and social changes. Aims: To describe and discuss the main impacts of pregnancy on female sexual function. Method: Narrative review from June to September 2022, in PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs electronic databases. The PICOT strategy "Does pregnancy have an impact on female sexual function?" descriptors were selected and cross-referenced in Portuguese and English, including clinical trials, prospective, cross-sectional, and retrospective descriptive studies, with a population of pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years in any gestational period. Results: 11 studies were included; showed that pregnancy has a negative impact on female sexual function, with an increase in sexual dysfunction as gestational age increases, with a higher prevalence in the third trimester. The second trimester represents the peak of sexual function during pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnancy is a factor that directly influences the appearance of sexual dysfunctions, with high prevalence and at higher levels in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Fisioterapia Pelvica no prolapso uterino: revisao
Authors: Raina Marques de Moraes Brenda
Published: January 2024

Panorama: Genital prolapse is a prevalent condition and requires further studies regarding pelvic physiotherapy. Aims: To describe physiotherapeutic treatments in women with genital prolapse. Method: Literature review, scientific articles and course conclusion works (TCCs) available in the Medline, PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. Keywords: physiotherapy, Pelvic Floor and conservative treatment. Results: They indicate that physiotherapeutic treatments help in the treatment of Pelvic Floor dysfunctions as a way to prevent the appearance of prolapse, a condition that negatively affects sexual activity, body image and quality of life. Conclusion: Physiotherapy works both in prevention and treatment and aims to improve the strength of the pelvic floor muscles, preventing possible changes and their consequences.
Prevalencia e variaveis associadas a IU em gestantes: revisao
Authors: Teixeira de Araújo Mislaeny
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition in pregnant women, with pregnancy being the main aggravating factor for UI. Aims: To identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence in the third trimester of pregnancy and its associated factors. Method: Integrative review in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Google Scholar databases, with data collection carried out from April to October 2022; between the chronological period of publications from 2017 to 2022. Results: It was possible to observe that urinary incontinence is more prevalent in the third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, maternal age, number of births, vaginal births and obesity were the most present variables as well. It showed that physiotherapy is beneficial and efficient in relation to the treatment and prevention of urinary incontinence during pregnancy, using techniques and resources that restore and improve the strength of the pelvic floor muscles. Conclusion: UI is more prevalent in the third trimester, with vaginal birth and obesity being risk factors. Pelvic Physiotherapy can prevent and treat gestational UI.
The loudest silence: writing trauma in a more-than-human world
Authors:   , Dobson Joanna Clare
Published: January 2024

This thesis consists of a book-length memoir and a critical essay. Both sections explore the overarching question of the role played by the more-than-human world in narratives of trauma. In the memoir, The Loudest Silence, I tell the story of growing up in a family in which one of the children, my brother, had died and nobody was allowed to talk about it. Weaving through that narrative is an account of my present-day search to recover memories of my childhood and understand their significance. The search involves revisiting rural places that were important to me while I was growing up, and frequently returns to my allotment in Sheffield. The whole book is driven by two personal questions that have haunted my adult life: why didn’t my family talk about my brother and why, when we were so unhappy the rest of the time, did we function so well when we were outside in nature? The critical essay examines all these questions through a dual theoretical lens that brings insights from trauma studies into conversation with the environmental arts and humanities. Like the memoir, it draws on a wide range of discourses, including literary criticism, psychiatry, environmental history, philosophy and ecology. It is framed by an account of my experience of engaging in outdoor psychotherapy while I was writing the memoir. The two parts of the thesis, the different discourses they draw on, and the more-than human relationships they describe, work together dynamically to open up new ways of thinking about both trauma and the more-than-human world in an age of environmental crisis. With its dual critical lens, it represents an original contribution to a growing body of writing that is concerned with the ways that human and other-than-human distress may be read, written and responded to in the Anthropocene.
Kauniečių kasdienio gyvenimo fragmentai XVI a. antrojoje pusėje (pagal Kauno miesto vaito 1580– 1583 m. knygą)
Authors: Baliulis Algirdas Antanas
Published: January 2024

Straipsnyje panaudoti charakteringesni XVI a. antrosios pusės Kauno miesto vaito knygos įrašai, kuriuose atsispindi konkretūs 1581–1583 m. įvykiai mieste. Kadangi mieste buvo lengviau pasislėpti pabėgusiems nelaisviems bajorų valdiniams (vergams), miesto vaitas juos išduodavo tik tuo atveju, jei savininkas pateikdavo neginčijamų įrodymų apie nuosavybę; dažnai miestiečiai išpirkdavo iš bajorų vergus, išpirktasis turėdavo atitarnauti naujam „savininkui“. Miestiečiai nuolat skolinosi vienas iš kito, užstatinėjo savo namus, negalintys grąžinti skolų buvo sodinami į kalėjimą, kol grąžins skolą, jeigu neturėjo laiduotojų. Amatininkai gamino plytas ir čerpes (net vilniečiams), valtis (vytines) ne tik mieste, bet ir tolimose vietovėse, dailidės statė namus ne tik mieste, bet ir bajorų dvaruose. Daug įrašų apie arklių pirkimą, įrašant jų ypatingas žymes, kad pavogus ir atpažinus būtų galima lengviau įrodyti nuosavybės teises, taip pat ir apie nukentėjusius eilinių peštynių metu, apie sąžiningus ir nesąžiningus vytinių vairininkus, laivybos sezoniškumą.
Description of a new fossil Thelyphonida (Arachnida, Uropygi) and further record of Cratosolpuga wunderlichi Selden, in Selden and Shear, 1996 (Arachnida, Solifugae) from Crato Formation (Aptian/Albian), Araripe Basin, Brazil
Authors: Santana William , P. Pinheiro Allysson , Silva Thiago Andrade , Lima Daniel
Published: January 2024

Background

A new fossil species of whipscorpion, Mesoproctus rayoli n. sp., is described. The specimen originates from the Crato Formation, dating to the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) period within the Araripe Sedimentary Basin. This species has been provisionally assigned to Mesoproctus Dunlop, 1998, as it represents the sole known Thelyphonida fossil genus discovered in South America and within Araripe Lagerstätte.

Methods

The material underwent detailed description and illustration processes. Key diagnostic characters, such as body length, pedipalpal coxae apophysis, the form of the opisthosoma, and the length of leg IV, were meticulously examined. SEM methods were applied in this study.

Results

Through the detailed analysis, comparisons and differences to Mesoproctus rowlandi Dunlop, 1998 were made possible. Additionally, a well-preserved specimen of the rare camel spider, Cratosolpuga wunderlichi Selden, in Selden and Shear, 1996, was identified from the limestones of the Crato Formation. The newly discovered fossil specimen of Cratosolpuga wunderlichi suggests two characters not previously described: (i) a segmented tarsomere on leg IV; and (ii) a leg I with one tarsal claw.
COVID-19 and diet: efforts towards a balanced diet and sustainable nutrition among university students in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Zeshan , Bashier Eltayeb Lienda , Fattiny Sndos Z.A. , Mallhi Iftikhar Younis , Javed Farah , Alyousef Ali Abdullah , Ijaz Qandeel , Younas Shoaib , Khan Ishrat , Batool Zahra , Ahmad Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Nutrition is an important aspect of a healthy lifestyle for all individuals, including adolescents. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive survey study was to investigate university students’ awareness of immunity enhancing foods, food nutritive values, and eating practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 839 university students from four different universities in Pakistan participated in the study from October 2021 to January 2022, 397 of which were male and 442 were female. A total of 419 students were studying in medical disciplines while 420 were non-medical students. The students had significant knowledge (p < 0.05) about COVID-19, and nutritional habits were seen in both medical and non-medical students. Results showed that medical students (n-201) were slightly more aware of immunity-enhancing foods and the nutritive values of foods compared to engineering students (n-79). However, eating practices were generally poorly adopted by all of the university students. Male and female students were not significantly different in their mean replies to questions on the nutritive value of food or in their eating habits. Healthy eating practices will aid university students in preventing illnesses connected to nutrition as well as enhancing their immune systems and nutritional well-being both during and post-pandemic. In light of these results, suggestions and implications for nutritional advice and education were explored.
A survey of researchers’ methods sharing practices and priorities
Authors: LaFlamme Marcel , Harney James , Hrynaszkiewicz Iain
Published: January 2024

Missing or inaccessible information about the methods used in scientific research slows the pace of discovery and hampers reproducibility. Yet little is known about how, why, and under what conditions researchers share detailed methods information, or about how such practices vary across social categories like career stage, field, and region. In this exploratory study, we surveyed 997 active researchers about their attitudes and behaviors with respect to methods sharing. The most common approach reported by respondents was private sharing upon request, but a substantial minority (33%) had publicly shared detailed methods information independently of their research findings. The most widely used channels for public sharing were connected to peer-reviewed publications, while the most significant barriers to public sharing were found to be lack of time and lack of awareness about how or where to share. Insofar as respondents were moderately satisfied with their ability to accomplish various goals associated with methods sharing, we conclude that efforts to increase public sharing may wish to focus on enhancing and building awareness of existing solutions—even as future research should seek to understand the needs of methods users and the extent to which they align with prevailing practices of sharing.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment in Tunnels: A Review
Authors: Haoze Lu
Published: January 2024

Vulnerability analysis is an important method for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction research in the field of tunnel engineering. Firstly, a detailed overview of the research history and current status of tunnel seismic vulnerability at home and abroad was provided; Secondly, the main methods for analyzing the seismic vulnerability of tunnels at home and abroad were summarized, and the practical applicability of various methods was summarized; Subsequently, the steps for evaluating the seismic vulnerability of tunnels were proposed, and three key contents in establishing theoretical vulnerability curves using numerical simulation as the main method were discussed: (1) Input parameter determination; (2) Classification of destructive states; (3) Calculation of relevant uncertainty parameters; Finally, point out some urgent problems and future research directions in this field. By summarizing the existing studies on the seismic vulnerability of tunnels at home and abroad, the results show that the seismic vulnerability analysis of tunnels can reflect the performance of tunnels under seismic loading by considering the relevant uncertainty factors, which is conducive to the future risk assessment and loss estimation, and is of great significance to the development of performance-based seismic design of tunnels.
Total Factor Productivity Growth and Changing Cost Structure of Sugarcane in Gujarat, India
Authors: Bhopala Upasana D. , Dhandhalya M. G. , Parmar H. B.
Published: January 2024

Aims:

To estimate the growth of input, output indices and total factor productivity of sugarcane in Gujarat

To estimate the changing cost structure of sugarcane

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Agricultural Economics, Junagadh Agricultural University (between June 2018 and July 2020).

Methodology: This paper has estimated the growth in total factor productivity of sugarcane crop using Tornqvist Theil index and growth trends in cost structure of sugarcane crop in Gujarat.

Results: The results showed that the growth rate of TFP indices of sugarcane planted crop and ratoon crop were negative about -0.86 and -0.31 per cent per annum, respectively. Negative TFP growth resulted due to a relatively faster rate of total input growth than total output growth. in the total cost of cultivation of sugarcane, the cost share of human labour, irrigation and miscellaneous in Gujarat has shown an increasing trend. while, rental value of land showing declining trend.

Conclusion: Study suggested that technological gains have not been experienced in this crop needs concentrated efforts to bridge extension gap and further research to evolve concrete strains, resistant to pest and diseases which reduce the real cost of production.
Exploring the Future of Plant Breeding: Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Gonal Basanagouda , Somveer  , Doggalli Gangadhara , Kumar Bhupendra , Bhushan Shanti , Surekha S  , Malathi G. , Singh Lakshman
Published: January 2024

This review paper delves into the future of plant breeding by examining the advancements and challenges in the field. The introduction provides an overview of the historical evolution of plant breeding and highlights its relevance in addressing contemporary global challenges such as food security and climate change. The subsequent section explores the transition from conventional to molecular breeding techniques, showcasing the latest advancements in marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and gene editing. Moreover, the review elucidates the significance of breeding stress-tolerant and adaptable crops to combat the effects of climate change and other environmental stressors. The integration of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, in plant breeding is discussed in detail to underscore their role in accelerating breeding progress. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and ethical considerations associated with the future of plant breeding, including the adoption of genetically modified organisms and the need for robust regulatory frameworks. Overall, this review sheds light on the promising prospects and potential pitfalls in the domain of plant breeding, emphasizing the importance of sustainable and ethical practices.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransport Protein 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Kidney Disease
Authors: Pan Heng-Chih , Chen Jui-Yi , Chen Hsing-Yu , Yeh Fang-Yu , Huang Thomas Tao-Min , Sun Chiao-Yin , Wang Shiow-Ing , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Wu Vin-Cent
Published: January 2024

Importance

Sodium-glucose cotransport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have demonstrated associations with positive kidney-related and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the association of SGLT-2is with outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes and acute kidney disease (AKD) remains unclear.

Objective

To examine the long-term associations of SGLT-2is with mortality, major adverse kidney events (MAKEs), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes and AKD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used global health care data (the TriNetX database) spanning from September 30, 2002, to September 30, 2022. Propensity score matching was used to select a cohort of patients, and follow-up was conducted with a maximum duration of 5 years (completed on September 30, 2022) or until the occurrence of an outcome or death.

Intervention

The use of SGLT-2is.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes measured were mortality, MAKEs, and MACEs. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with 95% CIs were calculated to compare the risks between SGLT-2i users and nonusers, representing the mean treatment effect among the treated patients.

Results

A total of 230 366 patients with AKD (mean [SD] age, 67.1 [16.4] years; 51.8% men and 48.2% women) were enrolled in the study, which had a median follow-up duration of 2.3 (IQR, 1.2-3.5) years. Among these, 5319 individuals (2.3%) were identified as SGLT-2i users. Among nonusers, the incidence of mortality was 18.7%, the incidence of MAKEs was 21.0%, and the incidence of MACEs was 25.8%. After propensity score matching, the absolute differences between SGLT-2i users and nonusers for incidence of mortality, MAKEs, and MACEs were 9.7%, 11.5%, and 12.3%, respectively. Based on the treated population, SGLT-2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality (AHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.62-0.77]), MAKEs (AHR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.56-0.69]), and MACEs (AHR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.65-0.88]) compared with nonuse. External validation using a multicenter cohort data set of 1233 patients with AKD patients who were SGLT-2i users confirmed the observed beneficial outcomes. Notably, the risk reduction associated with SGLT-2is remained significant even among patients without hypertension, those with advanced chronic kidney disease, and those not receiving other hypoglycemic agents.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes and AKD, administration of SGLT-2is was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, MAKEs, and MACEs when compared with nonuse, underscoring the importance of SGLT-2is in care after acute kidney injury. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of SGLT-2is in managing AKD and mitigating the risks of major cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
Incidence of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liang Danni , Wang Marie E. , Dahlen Alex , Liao Yungting , Saunders Andrew C. , Coon Eric R. , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: January 2024

IMPORTANCE

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children, but the population incidence is largely unknown. Controversy surrounds the optimal diagnostic criteria and how to balance the risks of undertreatment and overtreatment. Changes in health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment to examine health care use and UTI diagnosis and outcomes.

OBJECTIVES

To examine the population incidence of UTI in children and assess the changes of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding UTI diagnoses and measures of UTI severity.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This retrospective observational cohort study used US commercial claims data from privately insured patients aged 0 to 17 years from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021.

EXPOSURE

Time periods included prepandemic (January 1, 2016, to February 29, 2020), early pandemic (April 1 to June 30, 2020), and midpandemic (July 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021).

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

The primary outcome was the incidence of UTI, defined as having a UTI diagnosis code with an accompanying antibiotic prescription. Balancing measures included measures of UTI severity, including hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions. Trends were evaluated using an interrupted time-series analysis.

RESULTS

The cohort included 13 221 117 enrollees aged 0 to 17 years, with males representing 6 744 250 (51.0%) of the population. The mean incidence of UTI diagnoses was 1.300 (95% CI, 1.296-1.304) UTIs per 100 patient-years. The UTI incidence was 0.86 per 100 patient-years at age 0 to 1 year, 1.58 per 100 patient-years at 2 to 5 years, 1.24 per 100 patient-years at 6 to 11 years, and 1.37 per 100 patient-years at 12 to 17 years, and was higher in females vs males (2.48 [95% CI, 2.46-2.50] vs 0.180 [95% CI, 0.178-0.182] per 100 patient-years). Compared with prepandemic trends, UTIs decreased in the early pandemic: −33.1% (95% CI, −39.4% to −26.1%) for all children and −52.1% (95% CI, −62.1% to −39.5%) in a subgroup of infants aged 60 days or younger. However, all measures of UTI severity decreased or were not significantly different. The UTI incidence returned to near prepandemic rates (−4.3%; 95% CI, −32.0% to 34.6% for all children) after the first 3 months of the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

In this cohort study, UTI diagnosis decreased during the early pandemic period without an increase in measures of disease severity, suggesting that reduced overdiagnosis and/or reduced misdiagnosis may be an explanatory factor.
Cost-Effectiveness of Adjuvant Olaparib for Patients With Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations
Authors: Zettler Christina M. , De Silva Dilanka L. , Blinder Victoria S. , Robson Mark E. , Elkin Elena B.
Published: January 2024

Importance

The OlympiA trial found that 1 year of adjuvant olaparib therapy can improve distant disease-free survival and overall survival from early-stage breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. However, olaparib, an oral poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor, is estimated to cost approximately $14 000 per month in the US.

Objective

To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of adjuvant olaparib compared with no olaparib in eligible patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In an economic evaluation from a health care system perspective, the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant olaparib was analyzed using a Markov state-transition model. The model simulated costs and lifetime health outcomes of 42-year-old women with high-risk early-stage breast cancer and a known BRCA1/2 mutation who completed definitive primary therapy and neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy. The study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2023. The effectiveness of olaparib was based on the findings of the OlympiA randomized clinical trial, and other model parameters were identified from the literature. The model was calibrated to the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year distant disease-free and overall survival observed in the OlympiA trial, and olaparib was assumed to reduce the risk of distant recurrence only in the first 4 years.

Exposure

One year of adjuvant olaparib or no adjuvant olaparib.

Main Outcome and Measure

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in 2021 US dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. All outcomes were discounted by 3% annually.

Results

In the base case, adjuvant olaparib was associated with a 1.25-year increase in life expectancy and a 1.20-QALY increase at an incremental cost of $133 133 compared with no olaparib. The resulting ICER was approximately $111 000 per QALY gained. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per QALY, olaparib was cost-effective at its 2021 price and in more than 92% of simulations in probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The results were sensitive to assumptions about the effectiveness of olaparib and quality of life for patients with no disease recurrence.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, from a US health care system perspective, adjuvant olaparib was a cost-effective option for patients with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation.