bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the deformation and failure mechanism of slope with interbedding soft and hard rocks under rainfall infiltration
Authors: Song Yafen , Chen Li , Zhang Xiaotao , Zhao Qian , Yu Linlin , Xu Jinhua
Published: October 2020

Taking Peng Jiawan slope in Yiba expressway as the project background, the deformation and failure mechanism of slope with interbedding of soft and hard rocks was studied on the basis of geological analysis and similarity theory. In geomechanical model test, the water infiltration softening process is used to simulate the rainfall infiltration. The result indications showed as follows: under the condition, the deformation mode of the slope is the previous sliding-tension and upper overall creep-slip, and the failure mode is overall slip failure in the sliding zone of deep soft rock. Strictly speaking, the deformation of hard rock differs from the deformation of soft rock, hard rock deforms mainly on sliding-tension and soft rock deforms mainly on overall creep-slippage. Changes of the condition of deep soft rock affect the total stability of the interbedded slope mostly.
Microbial Community Structure Diversity in the Dewatered Sludge from 4 Different Waste Water Treatment Plants used for CSRB in Colder Season
Authors: Zhang Qing , Lv Xuemei , Wei Chongzhi , Lu Wenxing , Wang Jiarui , Zhou Zedong , Chang Guohua , Gao Tianpeng , Zhang Huyuan
Published: October 2020

Compacted Sludge Reducing Barrier (CSRB) was tested to be a feasible barrier for Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from tailings in case the ground water contamination. Because of its double function (encapsuling and reducing), the microbial community structure diversity in the sludge played a key role. In this paper, we researched the correlation between heavy metals and microbial structure diversity in the dewatered sludge from 4 different sewage treatment process plants in Lanzhou city, a developing area of northwest China, in the colder season. The results indicated that the microbial community structure diversity differed and were unique among the different sewage plants; their correlation with heavy metals was also unique independently.
Study on the Influence of Air Pressure and Temperature on PM2.5 by Multivariate Functional Linear Regression Model
Authors: Yang Jinjing
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the Internet has developed rapidly, and we have more and more ways to collect data. We find that many data have the characteristics of functions. We can use the important method of functional data analysis to analyze these data. The basic idea of functional data analysis is to treat data with functional properties as a whole for analysis and corresponding processing. In this paper, the daily air pressure, temperature and PM2.5 data of 49 cities with serious PM2.5 pollution in 2017 are sorted out. We use a multivariate functional linear regression model to discuss the influence of pressure and temperature on PM2.5 when the number of basis functions is different.
Spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain based on RS
Authors: Yu XING , Jie Wang , Yaqiu Yin , Yingjie Zhou , Weiling Yao , Haiqing Wang
Published: October 2020

Phaeozem is one kind of scarce resources on the earth. Due to the restrictions of natural factors and the influence of human activities over the years, phaeozem degradation has become increasingly serious. Based on images of the ASTER in 2006 and the ETM+ in 2000 in this paper, the phaeozem organic matter content which is greater than 2 ％ was obtained by using quantitative retrieval. Through the three-dimensional remote sensing image, terrain rendering and relevant information were analyzed. On the basis of the above, the spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain were analyzed using DEM (digital elevation model) data. The results show that the total area of phaeozem in Songliao Plain is about 51360.15 km2, and the phaeozem organic matter content is gradually increasing along with the increasing latitude or longitude, and decreasing along with increasing slope. In addition, the soil organic matter content is lower in southern slopes than that in northern slopes.
Sensitivity analysis of seepage field in groundwater reservoir based on orthogonal test method
Authors: HE Jiahuan , LEI Dong , ZHANG Yue , GAO Xin , WANG Xiaoyu
Published: October 2020

Based on the ADINA-T finite element software, the effects of different underground dam depths, widths and permeability coefficients on the seepage field in the underground reservoir were studied. Based on the sensitivity analysis and calculation of the three parameters of the underground dam based on the orthogonal experiment method, the depth and permeability coefficient of the underground dam have a significant effect on the sensitivity of the groundwater level drop height in front of the dam, the width and the permeability coefficient have a significant effect on the maximum flow velocity, and depth has great influence on seepage flow.
Analysis of Urban Greenway Planning Strategies by The Orientation of Healthy City
Authors: Chen Qiutong , Qin Ziliu , Ji Xiang , Ming Shuang , Du Qin
Published: October 2020

In the first half-year of 2020, the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak spread rapidly around the world. Under the impact of the crisis of Public Health Emergency, the development of healthy cities and people’s lives must be experienced a tough test, and it will trigger the thinking and practice of urban construction as well. Taking the construction of Nanning greenway system as an example, and trying to discuss the route and the significance of healthy cities construction by greenway supporting, we came up with suggestions for greenway construction by the orientation of the concept healthy city.
Research on landscape planning of rural eco-tourism area based on network text analysis——Take the Longji Terrace Scenic Spot as an example
Authors: Miao Yucong , Huang Yanling , Luo Shengfeng , Qin Yu
Published: October 2020

At present, with the development of rural tourism in full swing, the protection and renewal of rural eco-tourism landscape has become an important part of rural landscape planning and construction in the new era. From the perspective of tourists’ perception, this paper takes Longji Terrace Scenic Spot in Guilin, Guangxi as an example, and uses ROST CM6 software analyzes tourists’ landscape perception and characteristics from high-frequency vocabulary, semantic network and other aspects. Based on this, it finds out the existing problems in the current landscape planning of rural eco-tourism area, and puts forward planning suggestions. The purpose is to provide reference for the rational planning and allocation of rural tourism landscape, to improve the quality of life of rural residents, and to promote the construction of beautiful villages. The results show that: (1) high-frequency words indicate that tourists focus on human landscape and natural landscape; (2) the semantic network matrix takes “landscape”, “Jiulong Wuhu”, “Longji Terrace”, “Jinkeng Dazhai” as the core; (3) tourists’ perception of the landscape of Longji Terrace Scenic Spot focuses on terrace scenery, ethnic customs and specialties, mountain climbing ways and other aspects; (4) tourists’ emotional evaluation of Longji Terrace Scenic Spot is mainly positive emotion, and relatively less negative emotion.
Landscape Restoration Design of Guilin Lijiang River Basin Based on” City Betterment and Ecological Restoration”
Authors: Tian Weiran , Huang Ying
Published: October 2020

As an important carrier of urban ecology, urban river channels have serious ecological problems that restrict the development of cities. Taking Lijiang River in Guilin as the research object, the field survey of the water system shape, water quality status, plant landscape and other aspects of the Lijiang River Basin was conducted to analyse its existing ecological problems. Based on the concept of “City Betterment and Ecological Restoration”, the Lijiang River Basin ecological restoration and landscape repair work will be carried out from four aspects: water quality management, construction of natural river shape, coastal vegetation landscape ecological restoration, and water system landscape optimization design, so as to achieve a virtuous cycle of water ecosystem and promote sustainable development of landscape in Lijiang River Basin.
Construction Strategy of Regional Plant Landscape in Urban Gardens
Authors: Chen Jinwen , Tian Weiran , Huang Ying
Published: October 2020

By sorting out the problems existing in the construction of plant landscapes in urban gardens, the designer plans tree species, characteristics, spaces, colours, etc. from the perspective of ecosystem balance, applies local rich native plants, and explores the construction strategies of regional plant landscapes in urban gardens. Taking the city of Guilin as an example, the article analyses the construction features of the band green landscape of the two rivers and four lakes scenic spot, summarizes the construction characteristics of the regional plant landscape of Guilin, promotes the construction of an ecological garden city, and meets the people’s beautiful environmental needs.
Research on Regional Plant Landscape of Industrial Cities in Henan Province
Authors: Xie Zhiyuan , Huang Ying , Hu Xinghua
Published: October 2020

Plant landscape is an indispensable part of the city. Regional plant landscape not only has excellent ecological benefits, but also can better show the regional characteristics and human culture of the city. Through the analysis of plant landscape in the industrial city, it is concluded that how to make better use of plants to create urban plant landscape with regional characteristics is the focus of regional plant landscape construction.
Complex network characteristics of the planned subway station network in Hangzhou (2005-2022)
Authors: Fang Wu , Yue Zhu , Wei Zhu , Xiaojun Hu , Peng Shen , Kaiqiang Wang , Xin Wang
Published: October 2020

The complex network characteristic of the planned subway station system is of great significance to the centrality layout of the existing urban areas. The three phases of the Hangzhou subway plan from 2005-2022 are selected as a case, and the complex network analysis method is used to study the centrality characteristic of the planned subway station system. The study found that with construction, the network density, clustering coefficient, average shortcut distance, all centrality indicators of the network gradually decreased; but in phase Ⅲadjustment, the average shortcut distance, three centrality potential indicators have all rebounded substantially. The newly-added airport rail express line has greatly increased the overall cohesion of the original subway network. The subway station networks of five planning stages all have smaller clustering coefficients and larger average shortcut distances, but none of them have a small-world characteristic, and the scale-free characteristic is still not obvious.
Spatio-temporal difference analysis of land use efficiency in Lanxi Urban Agglomeration based on SBM-Undesirable model
Authors: Fu Chunyu , Shi Peiji , Feng Tao , Zhang Weiping
Published: October 2020

Based on the connotation of green development, SBM-Undesirable model was used to measure the land use efficiency of Lanxi Urban Agglomeration in 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018, and Theil Index and Spatial Autocorrelation Methods were used to reveal the spatial difference characteristics. The results show that: (1) From 2006 to 2018, the county land use efficiency of Lanxi Urban Agglomeration increased steadily, and the regional differences first expanded and then narrowed. (2) The land use efficiency of counties in Lanxi Urban Agglomeration presents a spatial difference law of “high in the middle-low in the periphery, high in the west and low in the east, and differentiated between the north and the south”, while the two provinces present a decreasing law of “west-east”. (3) The spatial agglomeration characteristics of land use efficiency in Lanxi Urban Agglomeration are remarkable. Locally, the high-high agglomeration is typical in the central region, while the low-low agglomeration spreads from southeast to southwest.
Searching for intermediaries An iterative structural deconstruction of personal networks
Authors: Bidart Claire , Degenne Alain , Grossetti Michel
Published: October 2020

Sociologists attempt to compare personal networks in order to identify explanatory factors that mayindicatedifferences betweenthem, aboveand beyond individual life histories. However, the usual indicators distinguish a single structural characteristic. In this article we attempt to find a more satisfactory way of explaining the structure of personal networks. We propose an iterative deconstruction of personal networks focused on betweenness centrality which is recalculated by an algorithm at each stage of the process. When applied to a sample of 287 cases gathered by direct interviews, it allows us to establish the betweennesses that are otherwise concealed by higher values, to determine the intermediaries at each stage, to record their exit rank, to characterise all the alters by several criteria and, finally, to take into consideration the number of stages required to deconstruct the network, thereby creating a new indicator of network stratification. These results are coherent with what we know about the evolutions of personal network structures and social roles along the life cycle. In a way, they reflect the imprints that time and life events have left on Ego’s network.
Spatial organisation of French research from the scholarly publication standpoint (1999-2017): Long-standing dynamics and policy-induced disorder
Authors: Grossetti Michel , Maisonobe Marion , Jégou Laurent , Milard Béatrice , Cabanac Guillaume
Published: October 2020

In social processes, long-term trends can be influenced or disrupted by various factors, including public policy. When public policies depend on a misrepresentation of trends in the areas they are aimed at, they become random and disruptive, which can be interpreted as a source of disorder. Here we consider policies on the spatial organization of the French Higher Education and Research system, which reflects the authorities’ hypothesis that scientific excellence is the prerogative of a few large urban agglomerations. By geographically identifying all the French publications listed in the Web of Science databases between 1999 and 2017, we highlight a spatial deconcentration trend, which has slowed down in recent years due to a freezed growth of the teaching force. This deconcentration continues, however, to sustain the growth of scientific production in small and medium-sized towns. An examination of the large conurbations shows the relative decline of sites that nevertheless have been highlighted as examples to be followed by the Excellence policies (Strasbourg among others). The number of students and faculty has grown less there, and it is a plaussible explanation for the relative decline in scientific production. We show that the publication output of a given site depends directly and strongly on the number of researchers hosted there. Based on precise data at the French level, our results confirm what is already known at world scale. In conclusion, we question the amount of disorder resulting from policies aligned with poorly assessed trends.
How Combinatory Logic Can Limit Computing Complexity
Authors: Bergier Hugolin
Published: October 2020

As computing capabilities are extending, the amount of source code to manage is inevitably becoming larger and more complex. No matter how hard we try, the bewildering complexity of the source code always ends up overwhelming its own creator, to the point of giving the appearance of chaos. As a solution to the cognitive complexity of source code, we are proposing to use the framework of Combinatory Logic to construct complex computational concepts that will provide a model of description of the code that is easy and intuitive to grasp. Combinatory Logic is already known as a model of computation but what we are proposing here is to use a logic of combinators and operators to reverse engineer more and more complex computational concept up from the source code. Through the two key notions of computational concept and abstract operator, we will show that this model offers a new, meaningful and simple way of expressing what the intricate code is about.
The measurement problem in Quantum Mechanics: Convivial Solipsism
Authors: Zwirn Hervé
Published: October 2020

The problem of measurement is often considered an inconsistency inside the quantum formalism. Many attempts to solve (or to dissolve) it have been made since the inception of quantum mechanics. The form of these attempts depends on the philosophical position that their authors endorse. I will review some of them and analyze their relevance. In this paper, I defend a new position, the “Convivial Solipsism”, according to which the outcome that is observed is relative to the observer, different but in close parallel to the Everett’s interpretation and sharing also some similarities with Rovelli’s relational interpretation and Quantum Bayesianism. I also show how “Convivial Solipsism” can help getting a new standpoint about the EPR paradox providing a way out of the seemingly unavoidable non-locality of quantum mechanics.
The philosophy of Emergence and Complexity in the service of Osteopathy: in search of an epistemology of osteopathy in dialogue with contemporary philosophy
Authors: Fiore Jean , Bouaissier Marjolaine
Published: October 2020

Osteopathy is a discipline of healthcare that calls for systemic handling of patients. Osteopathy research has struggled to provide proof of the effectiveness of this practice. We think that osteopathy research needs to evolve in order to find a methodology that would allow it to account for its specificities and originality. This article notes the contribution of the philosophy of emergence in the elaboration of an epistemology suited to osteopathy as the precondition for a rationality adapted to the singular nature of this form of therapy.
Advances in treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Wu Qi , Xu Yong , Peng Wen-Pan , Feng Fan-Chao , Wang Zhi-Chao , Han Di , Gu Cheng , Zhou Xian-Mei
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The global pandemic of this novel coronavirus pneumonia has greatly threatened human health and brought enormous economy losses. By the end of May 20, 2020, the pandemic of this disease had caused more than 2.70 million infections and more than 320 thousand deaths. This paper reviewed the recent advances in the treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia to provide basic references for disease control.
Laser Pointer: A Possible Risk for the Retina
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Hildebrand G. Darius , Charbel Issa Peter
Published: October 2020

In recent years, an increasing incidence of laser pointer-associated retinal injuries has been observed, likely due to easy access to incorrectly classified laser pointers, their labelling as toys, and lack of awareness concerning the associated risk. Laser pointer exposure can lead to irreversible retinal damage and associated vision loss, depending on the wavelength, radiation power, duration of exposure, localization, and spot size. Pronounced retinal laser damage is especially seen in children and teenagers. The structural appearance of retinal laser pointer damage varies and, in some cases, may be a diagnostic challenge. Besides often subtle findings on optical coherence tomography examination, characteristic alterations on near-infrared autofluorescence imaging may be valuable for the diagnosis of retinal laser pointer injuries and for differentiating other retinal lesions with similar appearance. The increase in laser pointer injuries indicates that regulatory actions and increased public awareness are required regarding the dangers of laser pointers.
The Effect of Asthma Severity on Perinatal Outcomes: A Tertiary
Hospital Experience
Authors: Tanacan Atakan , Fadiloglu Erdem , Celebioglu Ebru Damadoglu , Orhan Nazli , Unal Canan , Celik Tolga , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: October 2020

Objective To evaluate the effect of asthma severity and disease
exacerbation on pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods Pregnancies were classified into 3 groups as
mild (n=195), moderate (n=63), and severe (n=26)
according to preconceptional asthma severity. Demographic features, clinical
characteristics, and perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups.
Delivery characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were also compared between
the pregnancies with or without asthma exacerbation (43 and 241 pregnancies,
respectively).

Results Worsening of symptoms during pregnancy was higher in moderate
and severe asthma groups (p<0.001). Rates of spontaneous abortion,
fetal structural anomaly, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, fetal growth
restriction (FGR), oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine
fetal demise were higher in moderate and severe asthma groups (p-values were
< 0.001, 0.01, 0.008, 0.02, 0.01, < 0.001,
< 0.001, and 0.007, respectively). Admissions to neonatal
intensive care units and neonatal complication rates were higher among
moderate and severe asthma groups (p=0.035 and
< 0.001). Spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery,
preeclampsia, FGR, oligohydramnios, and neonatal complication rates were
higher (p<0.001) in the group with exacerbated symptoms.

Conclusion Moderate to severe asthma before pregnancy and the
exacerbation of asthma symptoms during pregnancy may lead to increased rates
of perinatal complications.
Facile and Mild Access to Fluorescent Ladder-Type Indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles via Cascade Annulation
Authors: Chen Wenteng , Yu Yongping , Liu Shuangrong , Wu You , Ying Zhimin , Luo Feng , Chen En
Published: October 2020

A set of fluorescent ladder-type indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles were rationally developed via cascade annulation of indoles and nitroolefins under mild reaction conditions. Diverse functional groups were tolerated. Moreover, structure–photophysical properties relationships (SPPR) of indolo[3,2-a]carbazoles were observed to be simply tuned by changing the electronic nature of the peripheral substituents.
Easy Access to Novel Tetrahydro-1-benzazepine-2-carboxylic Acids and Tetrahydro-1-benzazepines Carrying [a]-Fused Heterocyclic Units from 2-(Allylaryl)glycinates
Authors: Palma Alirio , Guerrero Sergio Andrés , Ramírez Juan E. , Sanabria Carlos M. , Acosta Lina M. , Cobo Justo , Nogueras Manuel
Published: October 2020

A concise, efficient, and versatile approach to access novel tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2-carboxylic acids and tricyclic tetra­hydro-1-benzazepines carrying [a]-fused heterocyclic units is reported. The easily accessible 2-(allylaryl)glycinates were used as starting material to synthesize, via the corresponding 1,4-epoxycycloadducts, the required key intermediate benzo[b]azepine-2-carboxylates. Hydrolysis of the latter afforded the targeted benzo[b]azepine-2-carboxylic acids. The key intermediate was also converted into N-2-chloroacetyl derivatives which, in turn, were transformed into the corresponding tricyclic target hexahydrobenzo[f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine-1,4-diones by reaction with benzylamine or aminoethanol. The reaction of the common intermediate with hydrazine gave the corresponding intermediate carbohydrazides, which, by reaction with trimethoxymethane, were transformed into another tricyclic target tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,2,4]tri­azino[4,5-a]azepin-4(3H)-ones. Full spectroscopic characterization (IR, HRMS, and 1H and 13C NMR) is also reported for each compound.
Using an Office-Based, Dedicated Extremity MRI Scanner for Depicting Important Structures in Common Wrist Pathologies: A Pilot Comparison with a Conventional MRI Scanner
Authors: Yin Qi , Manoliu Radu A. , Kichari Jayant R. , Ritt Marco J. P. F.
Published: October 2020

Background Compared with the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dedicated MRI scanners are more accessible. Images of a dedicated 1.0-T MRI specifically developed for the hand and wrist were compared with images of a conventional 1.5-T MRI.

Methods Paired images of the right wrist were randomized and separately graded by two experienced radiologists for the quality of anatomical details, including the triangular fibrocartilage complex, carpal ligaments, intercarpal cartilage, median and ulnar nerves, overall image quality, and artifacts. Interrater reliability was measured with the percentage of exact agreement and agreement within a range of ± 1 score point. Participant experience of undergoing the examination in both MRI scanners was evaluated using a questionnaire.

Results The overall image quality of all sequences was considered to be moderate to high. In 25 of 38 paired images, no statistically significant difference was found between the MRI scanners. Ten scores were found to be in favor of the dedicated extremity MRI. Within a range of ± 1 score point, the extremity MRI and the conventional MRI demonstrated an interrater agreement of 67 to 100% and 70 to 100%, respectively. Among the respondents of the questionnaire, the extremity MRI scored better for participant satisfaction when compared with the conventional MRI.

Conclusions In healthy volunteers, the dedicated extremity MRI generally is similar or superior to the conventional MRI in the depiction of anatomical structures of the wrists, image quality, and artifacts, and significantly scored better on participant satisfaction. Future clinical studies should focus on defining the diagnostic value of the extremity MRI in wrist pathologies.
Proximal Horizontal Flap Tears of TFCC Diagnosed by Computed Tomography Arthrography: Six Case Series
Authors: Arimitsu Sayuri , Masatomi Takashi , Shigi Atsuo , Yukioka Chikako , Moritomo Hisao
Published: October 2020

Background Proximal horizontal tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) represent the tears at the proximal surface of the articular disk with a normal appearance of the distal surface. Preoperative diagnosis of TFCC flap tears is challenging.

Objectives This report aims to present a diagnostic method using computed tomography (CT) arthrography for the proximal horizontal flap tears of the TFCC and to report our clinical outcomes.

Patients and Methods Six patients were included who were preoperatively suspected to have proximal horizontal flap tears of the TFCC via CT arthrography. Arthrography was conducted by injecting dye into the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), and CT images were obtained immediately following arthrography. We performed arthroscopic or direct flap debridement with concomitant surgeries: ulnar shortening with positive ulnar variance and corrective osteotomy with the malunion following distal radius fracture.

Results Preoperative CT arthrography clearly revealed the flaps to be flipped over toward the radiopalmar side of the DRUJ in four cases and a teardrop-shaped dye defect in two. We were able to identify the dislocated flap by arthroscopy avulsed from the proximal aspect of the articular disk within the DRUJ in all six cases. The mean pain level decreased from 10 preoperatively to 0.3 postoperatively on the visual analog scale. The mean patient-rated wrist evaluation score decreased from 43.5 preoperatively to 11.2 postoperatively.

Conclusions Our study shows that CT arthrography can be a promising method for diagnosing proximal horizontal flap tears of the TFCC. Debridement of the flaps and concomitant surgeries showed satisfactory clinical results.

Level of Evidence This is a Level 4, diagnostic study.
When is the Critical Time for Soft Tissue Reconstruction of Open Tibia Fracture Patients?
Authors: Lee Seung Yeol , Seong Ik Hyun , Park Bo Young
Published: October 2020

Background The timing of soft tissue reconstruction for soft-tissue defect in patients with open fractures in the lower extremity is known to be critical for successful outcomes. However, medical advances, including development of dressing materials and refinement in the microsurgical techniques, might have undergone modifications in this “critical period.” There have been no studies on the role of timing on reconstructive outcomes. Thus, we have analyzed the effect of reconstruction timing on optimal surgical outcomes and complication rates in a single type of lower extremity injury.

Methods Data of patients who underwent microvascular free tissue transfer with an open fracture in the lower extremity from 2014 through 2016 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 103). Surgical outcomes, including flap complication rate, flap revision rate, and long-term bony complications, were analyzed serially in accordance with time interval until coverage using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significant factors with a p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors.

Results A total of 46 patients (33 males and 13 females) were finally included in the study. Based on the association between surgical timing and flap-related complication rate, the best cutoff period for surgery was 33 days, with an area under the curve of 0.658 (p = 0.040). Further, in the revision rate, the cutoff period was identified as 10 days (p = 0.016). Regarding the incidence of bony complications, ROC curve showed that the maximal period until operation was 91 days with no influence on the occurrence of bony complications (p = 0.029).

Conclusion Although the best method is an early reconstruction, many modalities such as negative pressure wound therapy play a role as a temporary measure. Our study suggests that the acute or early period for successful reconstruction might be extended compared with previous studies.
Utilization of Teledentistry in Antimicrobial Prescribing and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases during COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Dar-Odeh Najla , Babkair Hamzah , Alnazzawi Ahmad , Abu-Hammad Shaden , Abu-Hammad Abdalla , Abu-Hammad Osama
Published: October 2020

Objectives This study aimed to analyze Jordanian dentists’ inquiries on oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing using dental professional WhatsApp groups during coronavirus disease lockdown period.

Materials and Methods Three professional WhatsApp groups of Jordanian dentists were reviewed and analyzed for inquiries posted during the period from January to May 2020. Inquiries were sent from patients to their dentists who posted these inquiries to the professional WhatsApp dental groups for consultation and professional advice. All queries regarding oral infections and antimicrobial prescribing were extracted and analyzed.

Results Three WhatsApp professional groups with a total numbers of members of 750 dentists who posted queries about their patients were included in this study. Dentist members posted queries about their patients to these professional WhatsApp groups. There was a total of 32 inquiries regarding oral lesions and 11 consultations regarding prescribing and dental management of medically compromised patients giving a total of 43 consultations. Among which there were 19 inquiries on oral infections and 9 inquiries on antimicrobial prescribing giving a total of 28 consultations. Most common inquiries were on bacterial infections (localized dentoalveolar abscess, pericoronitis, cellulitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue), viral herpetic infections, and Candida infections (erythematous and pseudomembranous candidiasis).

Conclusions Many dental practitioners cannot distinguish the correct diagnostic features of oral infections particularly viral and fungal infections. Continuing education should be considered to focus on clinical manifestations of various oral infections. Further, educational activities that focus on variations in treatment protocols for various infections should be introduced particularly those that concern indications for antimicrobial prescribing.
Improving Outcomes in Anterolateral Thigh Flap Donor-Site Reconstruction Using Propeller Flaps: A Retrospective Comparative Study with Skin Grafting
Authors: Pagliara Domenico , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Vitagliano Stefano , Pino Valentina , Salgarello Marzia
Published: October 2020

Background After anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap harvesting, skin graft of the donor site is commonly performed. When the defect width exceeds 8 cm or 16% of thigh circumference, it can determine lower limb function impairment and poor aesthetic outcomes. In our comparative study, we assessed the functional and aesthetic outcomes related to ALT donor-site closure with split-thickness skin graft compared with thigh propeller flap.

Methods We enrolled 60 patients with ALT flap donor sites. We considered two groups of ALT donor-site reconstructions: graft group (30 patients) with split-thickness skin graft and flap group (30 patients) with local perforator-based propeller flap. We assessed for each patient the range of motion (ROM) at the hip and knee, tension, numbness, paresthesia, tactile sensitivity, and gait. Regarding the impact on daily life activities, patients completed the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) questionnaire. Patient satisfaction for aesthetic outcome was obtained with a 5-point Likert scale (from very poor to excellent).

Results In the propeller flap group, the ROMs of hip and knee and the LEFS score were significantly higher. At 12-month follow-up, in the graft group, 23 patients reported tension, 19 numbness, 16 paresthesia, 22 reduction of tactile sensitivity, and 5 alteration of gait versus only 5 patients experienced paresthesia and 7 reduction of tactile sensitivity in the propeller flap group. The satisfaction for aesthetic outcome was significantly higher in the propeller flap group.

Conclusion In high-tension ALT donor-site closure, the propeller perforator flap should always be considered to avoid split-thickness skin graft with related functional and aesthetic poor results.
Information theoretical and thermodynamic view of the excited-state density functional theory of Coulomb systems
Authors: Nagy Á.
Published: October 2020

Excited states of Coulomb systems are studied within density functional theory with information theoretical quantities. The Ghosh–Berkowitz–Parr thermodynamic transcription is extended to excited states, and the concept of the local temperature is introduced. It is shown that extremization of information entropy or Fisher information results in a constant temperature. For Coulomb systems, there is a simple relation between the total energy and phase-space Fisher information. The phase-space fidelity between excited states is proportional to the position-space fidelity, with a factor of proportionality depending on total energies. The phase-space relative entropy is equal to the position-space relative entropy plus a term depending only on the total energies. The relationship between the phase-space fidelity susceptibility and Fisher information is also presented.
A mass-conserved fractional step axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann flux solver for incompressible multiphase flows with large density ratio
Authors: Yang Liuming , Shu Chang , Yu Yang , Wang Yan , Hou Guoxiang
Published: October 2020

Most conventional axisymmetric multiphase lattice Boltzmann methods involve complicated external source terms to model the axisymmetric effect. Besides, the break of mass conservation for each phase and the limitation of the simulated density ratio are still critical issues. To remove these drawbacks, a mass-conserved fractional step axisymmetric multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver is developed for flows with a large density ratio. We aim to naturally combine the developed modified Cahn–Hilliard equation with a small mass correction term, the lattice Boltzmann flux solver, and the fractional step method together for the simulation of the axisymmetric multiphase flows. The governing equations in the axisymmetric framework are split into the predictor and corrector steps. The predictor step without considering the axisymmetric effect and the mass correction term is solved by the finite-volume multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver based on the local application of the lattice Boltzmann method. Then, the corrector step is performed to include the axisymmetric effect and the mass correction term. Specifically, the numerical implementation of the mass correction term is designed in the axisymmetric framework. Several axisymmetric multiphase cases, including the Laplace law, the droplet oscillation, merging spherical bubbles, and micro-droplet impacting on a dry hydrophobic plate, have been adopted to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. The results of the Laplace law and the droplet oscillation show that for one time step, solving the modified Cahn–Hilliard equation by our method can save about 46% of the computational time as compared with the fifth-order upwind scheme.
High angle-of-attack aerodynamics of a straight wing with finite span using a discrete vortex method
Authors: Faure T. M. , Leogrande C.
Published: October 2020

The leading-edge-suction-parameter modulated discrete vortex method is extended to a wing with a finite span and no sweep, in order to get the development of aerodynamic coefficients with an angle-of-attack, from attached to completely detached flow conditions. A first case considering the unsteady pitching motion of a flat plate is compared with published experimental and numerical results. Then, dependence of lift, drag, and pitching moment coefficients with the angle-of-attack is discussed for a wing built on an SD7003 airfoil at a constant angle-of-attack. The three-dimensional effects on the lift coefficient curve for a completely detached wing are established.
Concept model of atomic hydrogen dry developing process for photolithographic patterning
Authors: Takemori Yuki , Gohdo Masao , Koda Yuta , Horibe Hideo
Published: October 2020

Atomic hydrogen dry etching was used for microstructure fabrication. Photolithography was proposed and achieved by a dry development process using atomic hydrogen irradiation. The reaction system of poly(methyl methacrylate) mixed with molecular benzophenone was examined as a model system for a proof-of-concept study. Optical patterning was experimentally made on a thin layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) with benzophenone by UV light exposure with a photomask. The reaction system acted as a negative tone resist in the proposed process. Thus, a model system for a new atomic hydrogen dry development process was proposed and successfully demonstrated.
The effect of wall slip on the dewetting of ultrathin films on solid substrates: Linear instability and second-order lubrication theory
Authors: Martínez-Calvo A. , Moreno-Boza D. , Sevilla A.
Published: October 2020

The influence of wall slip on the instability of a non-wetting liquid film placed on a solid substrate is analyzed in the limit of negligible inertia. In particular, we focus on the stability properties of the film, comparing the performance of the three lubrication models available in the literature, namely, the weak, intermediate, and strong slip models, with the Stokes equations. Since none of the aforementioned leading-order lubrication models is shown to be able to predict the growth rate of perturbations for the whole range of slipping lengths, we develop a parabolic model able to accurately predict the linear dynamics of the film for arbitrary slip lengths.
Climate services in the UK Met Office – challenges and solutions
Authors: Hewitt Chris D.
Published: October 2020

The development, delivery, uptake and use of climate services face numerous challenges including the fact that decision-makers often need information that is beyond the current scientific capability, insufficient capacity amongst climate service providers to be able to meet the demands from decision-makers, shortcomings in the awareness and understanding of available knowledge, and insufficient understanding by climate service providers of the needs of decision-makers. This article provides examples of the UK Met Office’s international climate service activities in Commonwealth small island states, China and Europe, highlighting specific challenges. Based on experiences developing and delivering climate services and collaborating with a range of actors, some approaches that help overcome, or at least reduce, these challenges include undertaking focused user engagement, collaboration and partnerships, developing prototypes and conducting trials of these prototypes with the users, evolving the science and the services based on the users’ needs to better serve societal needs.
Tidal–diel patterns of movement, activity and habitat use by juvenile mangrove whiprays using towed-float GPS telemetry
Authors: Martins A. P. B. , Heupel M. R. , Bierwagen S. L. , Chin A. , Simpfendorfer C. A.
Published: October 2020

Stingrays are a diverse and widespread group of elasmobranchs. Despite their ecological and economical importance, many aspects of stingray ecology remain poorly understood. Few studies have examined fine-scale movements of juvenile stingrays within nursery areas. This study aimed to examine diel movement patterns in juvenile mangrove whiprays (Urogymnus granulatus) by using towed-float GPS telemetry within a reef flat habitat of the Great Barrier Reef. Juvenile mangrove whiprays travelled distances from 394 to 2189m, moving at a rate (mean±s.e.) of 3.97m min–1±2.5 during tracking periods ranging from 1.35 to 9h. Movements of juvenile mangrove whiprays were influenced by tidal height and diel period. Individuals chose more direct paths during outgoing and incoming tides and their activity space was significantly larger during the day than at night-time. Individuals showed preference for mangrove areas during high tides, which was likely to reduce predation risk. Our findings have established the use of the towed-float GPS telemetry as an effective tool to assess short-term movement patterns and habitat use of juvenile stingrays, as well as highlighted how juvenile mangrove whiprays use reef-flat environments.
Cat-dependent diseases cost Australia AU$6 billion per year through impacts on human health and livestock production
Authors: Legge Sarah , Taggart Pat L. , Dickman Chris R. , Read John L. , Woinarski John C. Z.
Published: October 2020

Abstract ContextCats are the definitive or primary host for pathogens that cause diseases in people and livestock. These cat-dependent diseases would not occur in Australia if cats had not been introduced, and their ongoing persistence depends on contacts with cats. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that cycles between cats and any other warm-blooded animals. People infected by T. gondii may appear asymptomatic, or have a mild illness, or experience severe, potentially lethal symptoms; the parasite may also affect behaviour and mental health. T. gondii is also a major contributor to spontaneous abortion in sheep and goats. Two species of Sarcocystis, another genus of protozoan parasite, cycle through cats and sheep, causing macroscopic cysts to form in sheep tissues that reduce meat saleability. Toxocara cati, the cat roundworm, causes minor illnesses in humans and livestock, and the bacterium Bartonella henselae causes cat scratch disease, an infection that can be contracted by people when scratched or bitten by cats carrying the pathogen. AimsWe estimated the economic costs of cat-dependent pathogens in Australia. MethodsWe collated national and global data on infection rates, health and production consequences. Key resultsWe estimated the costs of two cat-dependent diseases (toxoplasmosis, cat scratch disease) in people at AU$6.06 billion (plausible range AU$2.11–10.7 billion) annually, and the costs to livestock production from toxoplasmosis and sarcocystosis at AU$11.7 million (plausible range AU$7.67–18.3 million). Most of the human health costs are due to the associations between T. gondii and higher rates of traffic accidents and mental illness in people. The causality behind these associations remains uncertain, so those costs may be overestimated. Conversely, our estimates are incomplete, infections and illness are under-reported or misdiagnosed, and our understanding of disease outcomes is still imperfect, all of which make our costs underestimated. ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that substantial benefits to public health and livestock production could be realised by reducing exposure to cats and breaking parasite transmission cycles. ImplicationsReducing feral cat populations in farming and urban areas, reducing the pet cat population and increasing rates of pet cat containment could help reduce the burden of cat-dependent diseases to people and livestock.
Loss of the common immune coreceptor BAK1 leads to NLR-dependent cell death
Authors: Wu Yujun , Gao Yang , Zhan Yanyan , Kui Hong , Liu Hongyan , Yan Li , Kemmerling Birgit , Zhou Jian-Min , He Kai , Li Jia
Published: October 2020

Significance

BAK1 plays a key role in multiple PRR-triggered immune signaling pathways. Double mutants generated by
BAK1
and its paralog
BKK1
show spontaneous cell death, which is not seen in any known
PRR
mutants. We discovered that the ADR1 class of helper nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) is required for the autoimmune responses of
bak1 bkk1
. Knocking out three
ADR1
s can significantly suppress the cell death of
bak1-3 bkk1-1
, suggesting the autoimmune responses of
bak1 bkk1
are caused by NLR activation. Furthermore, expression of HopB1, an effector derived from
Pseudomonas syringae
that cleaves activated BAK1 and its paralogs, leads to cell death similar to
bak1 bkk1
, which requires
ADR1
s. Our results indicate BAK1 and its paralogs serve as guardees for NLRs.
A synthetic mimic of phosphodiesterase type 5 based on corona phase molecular recognition of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dong Juyao , Lee Michael A. , Rajan Ananth Govind , Rahaman Imon , Sun Jessica H. , Park Minkyung , Salem Daniel P. , Strano Michael S.
Published: October 2020

Significance

There are pressing needs for synthetic molecular recognition techniques to augment and expand those derived from natural sources, which are widely employed for biomedical research. Corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe), whereby the adsorbed phase around a nanoparticle exhibits selective binding to an analyte, can address this need, but the underlying mechanisms remain an active scientific inquiry. Herein, we synthesize a series of corona phases around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and investigate the selective binding of poly(methacrylic acid-styrene) phases to an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. A systematic study reveals that synthetic CoPhMoRe mimics the H loop of native enzyme in its activity, resulting from the corona configuration and supramolecular interactions. This work uncovers molecular mechanisms of synthetic recognition that guide future discovery.
Theory of neuronal perturbome in cortical networks
Authors: Sadeh Sadra , Clopath Claudia
Published: October 2020

Significance

Brains are composed of networks of neurons that are highly interconnected. A central question in neuroscience is how such neuronal networks operate in tandem to make a functioning brain. To understand this, we need to study how neurons interact with each other in action, such as when viewing a visual scene or performing a motor task. One way to approach this question is by perturbing the activity of functioning neurons and measuring the resulting influence on other neurons. By using computational models of neuronal networks, we studied how this influence in visual networks depends on connectivity. Our results help to interpret contradictory results from previous experimental studies and explain how different connectivity patterns can enhance information processing during natural vision.