bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study on Diamond Cutting of Optical Glass
Authors: Zhao Hang , Zhou Ming
Published: March 2009

Optical glass is one of the most difficult-to-cut brittle materials due to its high brittleness and high hardness. In this work, an experimental study was conducted to diamond-cut glass SF6 in ductile mode. Nano-indentation analysis was performed for understanding the material deformation behavior in practical cutting process. The effect of process conditions, i.e. conventional turning and ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting, on the tool wear and surface quality was discussed based on the observations of the tool wear zone microstructure and the machined surface topography. The investigation presents the feasibility of achieving optical quality surfaces on glass with the application of ultrasonic vibration cutting technology. The tool life and surface finish were improved significantly by applying ultrasonic vibration to the cutting tool.
Research on the Force Characteristics in Ultrasonic Grinding Nano-Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Gao Guo Fu , Zhao Bo , Xiang Dao Hui , Kong Qing Hua
Published: March 2009

Nano-ceramics possessed ascendant mechanical property and physical characteristics
contrast with traditional engineering ceramics, and its machining with ultrasonic assistance has been
considered one of the most efficient methods. In the present paper a novel ultrasonic grinding
vibration device has been developed and the theoretical model of grinding force has been created for
ultrasonic vibration grinding. The influences of grinding parameters on grinding forces were tested
with self-designd acoustic system based on local resonance. According to the test data, the effect of
depth of cut and wheel velocity on the grinding force with/without ultrasonic assistance was analyzed.
Both in common and ultrasonic grinding the normal grinding force and tangential grinding force
descend against the wheel velocity, while ascend along with the depth of cut. In any case the grinding
force in ultrasonic grinding was not more that that in common grinding.
The Influence of Tool Edge Radius on Size Effect in Orthogonal Micro-Cutting Process of 7050-T7451 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Jian Feng , Sun Jie , Xu Zhi Ping
Published: March 2009

In machining, the size effect is typically characterized by a non-linear increase in the specific cutting energy (or specific cutting force) as the uncut chip thickness is decreased. A finite element model of orthogonal micro-cutting was established to study the influence of tool edge radius on size effect when cutting 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy. Diamond cutting tool was used in the simulation. Specific cutting force and specific cutting energy are obtained through the simulation. The nonlinear scaling phenomenon is evident. The likely explanations for the size effect in small uncut chip thickness were discussed in this paper.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Laser Compound Forming of Plate
Authors: Huang Shu , Zhou Jian Zhong , Chen Yi Bin , Sun Yue Qing , Du Jian Jun
Published: March 2009

An emerging process named laser compound forming of plate was presented by
analyzing the advantages of laser thermal-stress forming (LTF) and laser peen forming (LPF)
respectively. This technique combined the heat effect of continuous laser and mechanical effect of
pulsed laser. Based on introducing the process of laser pre-stressed compound peen forming, the
mechanism of plastic deformation and residual stress were analyzed. In order to apply pre-stressed
load, a CO2 laser was used to scan SUS304 stainless plate according to the designed tracks firstly,
the basic shape were formed and the contours of plate’s surface were measured by the optical scan
measuring system, reverse engineering software Imageware was used to establish the virtual models
of plate. Then the virtual models were inverted into finite element models by FEM code ABAQUS.
The optimum distribution of residual stress field was obtained by adjusting laser parameters and
controlling tracks of LPF. Finally, the optimized laser parameters and processing condition were
used for LPF experiment. The results indicated that the anticipated shape could be obtained, and
both side of the plate hold residual compressive stress after laser compound forming.
Nano-SiC Modified Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings Prepared by Laser Sintering
Authors: Tian Zong Jun , Shen Li Da , Huang Yin Hui , Hua Guo Ran
Published: March 2009

This paper describes an investigation of nano-SiC reinforced ceramic coating, which has included NiCrAl and Al2O3+13wt%TiO2 coatings pre-produced by atmosphere plasma spraying, implemented by laser sintering. Commercial NiCrAl powders were plasma sprayed onto 45 steel substrates to produce a bond coating with thickness of ~100μm. The Al2O3-TiO2 based coating with ~500μm thickness was then plasma sprayed on top of the NiCrAl bond coating. With CO2 laser, nano-SiC powders were laser sintered on Al2O3-TiO2 based coatings. The microstructure and chemical composition of the modified based coatings were analyzed by such detection devices as scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the size of SiC grains has no obvious growth. In addition, due to the nanostructured SiC phase and laser remelting, the modified coatings exhibited better abrasion resistance than those unmodified samples.
Study on Integrated Method of Medical Implant Manufacture Based on Rapid Prototyping Technology
Authors: Wang Wei Ping , Sekou Singare , Liu Ya Xiong , Li Di Chen , Lu Bing Heng , Wang Jue
Published: March 2009

The traditional method to manufacture the medical implant or prosthesis is based on
sculpting and on the tissue site,or takes impressions of the entire face about human. The accuracy
and efficiency of medical implant or prosthesis produced by conventional method is heavily relied
on the skill and experience of both designer and manufacturer. In this paper, an integrated method
of medical implant manufacture is approached. This integrated strategy was to establish a system
that allows fabrication of facial prosthesis from digital information, and integrates the rapid
prototyping with modeling technology of complex three-dimensional geometry from
high-resolution non-invasive imaging, reverse engineering and computer aided design. The research
results have shown that the integrated method can produce more exact-fit medical implant, that is,
the physical model of the implant is more exactly fitted on the skull model. The advantages of this
method are that the surgeon can plan and rehearse the surgery in advance, and a less invasive
surgical procedure, and less time-consuming reconstructive, and an adequate esthetic can result.
Fundamental Study on Diamond Spherical Shell Film for Polishing of Concave Spherical Surface
Authors: Li Duo Sheng , Zuo Dun Wen , Chen Rong Fa , Sun Yu Li , Xiang Bing Kun , Lu Wen Zhuang
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a new polishing technique was proposed to polish concave spherical surface by diamond spherical shell deposited by DC-Plasma Jet CVD(chemical vapor deposition), and preparation was studied from both experiment and theory. The deposited films were investigated by some techniques including: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atom force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and roughness-profile-meter, which were used to analyze surface phase, microstructure, internal quality and surface roughness. The results show that the deposited diamond spherical shell film has some remarkable properties, such as high surface density, high hardness. Compared to traditional polishing techniques, it will have some potential advantages as convenient, flexible, efficient and precious. To adjust some important parameters as methane concentration, depositing time, and it can deposit the different size grain diamond spherical shell films, which are used to polish different precision degree concave spherical surfaces. Meantime, to change curvature of diamond spherical shell, it can adapt to polish various curvature radius concave spherical surfaces.
Study on Erosion Wear Mechanism of SiC/(W,Ti)C Gradient Ceramic Nozzle Material
Authors: Liu Li Li , Deng Jian Xin
Published: March 2009

Idea of functionally gradient material (FGM) theory was used to the design of ceramic
nozzle. The purpose was to increase the erosion wear resistance at the entrance of the nozzle in dry
sand blasting processes. The SiC/(W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzles fabricated by conventional hot
pressing. The erosion behavior of the SiC/(W,Ti)C gradient ceramic nozzles were investigated in
comparison with the common homologous ceramic nozzles. The experimental results have shown
that the ceramic nozzles with a gradient structure have superior erosion wear resistance to that of the
common homologous ceramic nozzles under the same test conditions. It was shown that the
mechanical properties of the gradient ceramic nozzle materials were greatly improved in comparison
with that of the common homologous nozzles. The surface Vickers hardness and indentation fracture
toughness of gradient ceramic nozzle were greatly improved compared with that of the common
homologous nozzles. Therefore, it is indicated that gradient structures in ceramic nozzles is an
effective way to improve the erosion wear resistance of the common homologous nozzles.
Analysis of Optimal Clamping Schemes for Aero-Multi-Frame Monolithic Components
Authors: Guo Hun , Zuo Dun Wen , Tang Guo Xing , Wang Min , Guo Yang Jing
Published: March 2009

Many thin-walled aero-parts have complex structure, and high machining accuracy is
required. But because of their poor rigidity, it is easy to bring machining deformation caused by the
existence of the clamping residual stress, and influences machining accuracy of workpiece. At the
present time it is a focal point how to reduce the deformation the machined surface. Present studies
mainly focus on the influences of clamping points, clamping order and clamping force on residual
stresses. It is few studied for clamping schemes how to influence the residual stresses and the fatigue
resistance of the machined parts. To reflect the relationship between clamping schemes and residual
stresses and fatigue resistance, finite element models with different clamping schemes were built and
the clamping process was simulated. A conclusion is obtained that it is advisable to adopt even and
symmetry distributed clamps and multi-point clamps to reduce the workpiece distortion of
aero-multi-frame components due to the clamping. This study conclusion has been validated by the
actual production.
Recognition for Spindle Speeds of Drill Press Based on Sound Signals Produced from Drilling
Authors: Li Xiang Feng , Yang Gen Lian , Zuo Dun Wen
Published: March 2009

Effects of running state and spindle speeds on the sound signals produced from a drill
press are investigated. And the obtained sound signals by using of a sound level meter are analyzed
in both time domain and frequency domain. It is evident that there is more high frequency energy
for drilling sound signals with load than without load. And spindle speeds still affect their energy
distribution of drilling sound signals. Using wavelet decomposition and wavelet packet
decomposition, drilling sound signals are decomposed into a number of frequency bands. And
energy percentages of the divided frequency bands are extracted to be the effective characteristics to
recognize spindle speeds. Meanwhile, training error of different BP networks is compared to obtain
the effective network for recognition spindle speeds. By using of the obtained network structure
named 16-30-5, the study rate for training samples and the recognize rate for testing samples are all
above 95%.
Study on the Wavelet Transform Based Monitor Signal Processing Method for Grinding Wheel Dull
Authors: Liu Gui Jie , Wang Qiang , Kang Ren Ke
Published: March 2009

A processing method based on wavelet transform for the monitoring signals of grinding wheel dull is presented. The noise-falling method based on wavelet transform is used to process AE signals, grinding force signals and the electric current signals of main axis motor produced in grinding process, and the processing results can be used to identify grinding wheel state. Test result indicates that the grinding wheel state can be identified exactly by these three kinds of signal characteristics, and have higher identified precision.
Analysis of the Effects of Multi-Clamps Fixture on Workpiece Location Errors
Authors: Qin Guo Hua , Sun Shi Ping , Chen Zhi Xiong , Wu Tie Jun , Ao Zhi Qiang
Published: March 2009

Multiple clamps are frequently used to serve the purpose of workholding in a fixture. So multiple clamping forces including their magnitudes, placements and application sequences, greatly influence contact forces and workpiece machining accuracy. In this paper, the impact of multiple clamping forces on workpiece location error is formulated analytically for a workpiece-fixture system. The proposed model takes into account the varying contact forces and friction force during entire clamping operation. It reveals that the historical accumulation of clamping steps influences heavily the final distribution of contact forces in the workpiece-fixture system. In addition, based on effect of contact forces from one step to another on workpiece location, a novel design model is presented to optimize the multiple clamping forces in order to minimize the workpiece location errors. Some numerical tests are finally demonstrated to validate the proposed model and approach.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Cantilever Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Gong Na , Liang Ying Chun , Yao Ying Xue , Liu Bing Guo
Published: March 2009

Static and dynamic characteristic of carbon nanotube is analyzed by molecular dynamic
simulation. Static analysis show that maximum deflection of carbon nanotube appears at 0.033nm
distance from free end of cantilever. When the value of driving voltage is less, the flexibility is
more important, then the stiffness increase with the voltage increasing, and the collapse structure or
hole appear on carbon nanobute. Under low pressure condition, deflection difference on
equi-increase of pressure between no damping and damping simulation is larger than that on high
pressure. The results of forced vibration indicate that system response consist of transient and
steady-state response. With steps of molecular dynamic simulation increasing, transient response
disappears gradually, so system response includes only steady-state response, which is simple
harmonic vibration with the same frequency as excitation force. These results are in accord with the
classical vibration theory. Moreover they will provide theoretic foundation for designing of
nanostructure device.
Experimental Study of the Ultrahigh Speed Grinding Spindle System with a Squeeze Film Damper
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Gong Ya Dong , Liang Shuang , Cai Guang Qi , Wang Wan Shan
Published: March 2009

In order to improve the attenuation ability of grinding wheel spindle and manufacturing
quality of workpiece, an ultrahigh speed grinding spindle system with a SFD was designed based on
the theory of squeeze film damping, and a series of experiments were done. The study results show
that the application of SFD technology can effectively restrain vibration which is caused by the
imbalance quality when the grinding wheel spindle turning at ultrahigh speed. And the speed of the
grinding spindle is higher and the effect of attenuation of SFD to grinding spindle is better.
Research works provides a new technology for the design of the ultrahigh speed grinding spindle
system.
Development of the High Efficient Scanning Mechanism Using in Optical Space Remote Sensor
Authors: Yu Hong Ying , Han Xin Zhi , Liu Zhao Jun , Tang Shao Fan
Published: March 2009

In some remote sensing, such as meteorology and oceanography, wide swath scanning must
be used. Owing to the limitation of the detector size, especially in infrared spectrum, the
optical-mechanical scanning mode is necessary. Scanning efficiency is an important parameter of
those scanners. The high scanning efficiency is one of the goals followed after by the designer of
remote sensor. Two high efficient scanning systems are developed by authors. Those systems can
have some advantages, such as simple and reliable.
Study on the Distance between the Substrate and Hot Filament in the Development of Diamond Coated Cutting Tools
Authors: Chen Ming , Lin Wei Min , Ohmori Hitoshi
Published: March 2009

Under optimization deposition parameters, such as the acetone concentration, reactive
pressure, the bias power, diamond films was deposited on cemented carbide tools with two-step
pretreatment method under different distances between the substrates and hot filaments, and the
study on the effect of the distance between the substrates and hot filaments on the crystallographic
orientation of diamond films and the characteristics of diamond coated tools were investigated in
bias-enhanced HFCVD system in this paper. The cutting performance of diamond coated tools was
verified by the experiments of cutting particles reinforced aluminum base composite material with
15 vol.% Si as compared with uncoated ones. The quality of diamond film was analyzed by means
of SEM, Raman spectrum, and X-ray diffraction. The optimization deposition processing was
obtained. The relative intensity ratio of (111) facet and (220) facet in the film tested by XRD was
one third. The cutting performance of diamond coated tool was improved significantly when
machining the Si particle reinforced aluminum-based metal matrix composite; its lifetime was as 30
times long as that of uncoated one. The work of this paper was of great practical significance to
accelerate the industrialization of diamond films coated WC–Co substrates.
Post-Processing Development of a New PTS-X Hybrid Kinematics Machine
Authors: Yang Xiao Jun , Li Bing , Zhang Dong Lai
Published: March 2009

A new 5-degrees-of-freedom hybrid kinematic machine(HKM) consisting of a
4-degrees-of-freedom PTS-based parallel kinematics platform with center constraint branch and a
serial X axis is developed. The will-be-machined workpiece is mounted on the platform and the
spindle movement is driven by the X axis. This new HKM is very different from a conventional
serial-type machine. Therefore, a special algorithm that can transfer the cutter location data
(CL-data) into machine specific NC commands is essential for the applications of the PTS-X based
HKM in real machining of the workpiece with the complicated surface. The workpiece’s location
approach on the platform and the orientation transformation of the moving platform relative to the
machine coordination system are investigated.
Mechano-Chemical Modification of Nanodiamond with GW
Authors: Zhu Yong Wei , Xu Xiang Yang , Wang Bai Chun , Shen Jian Liang
Published: March 2009

Mechano-chemical modification (MCM) of nanodiamond was conducted with a stirring
mill. A new type of silane coupling agent, GW was chosen as its modifier. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were employed to study the surface
properties of nanodiamond before and after treatments. Results showed that the peaks related to
GW and the ball (for example, Fe, Si and Cl) appeared obviously after its MCM on their XPS
spectra and mostly disappeared after its further purification with acid X or Y. A new peak located at
1382.48cm-1 was very strong after further purification. It was proven by their FT-IR spectra.
Effect of Fabrication Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Ceramic Tool Materials
Authors: Fang Bin , Huang Chuan Zhen , Liu Han Lian , Xu Chong Hai
Published: March 2009

In order to investigate the effect of hot-press fabrication parameters on mechanical
properties of Al2O3 ceramic tool materials, the orthogonal experiment method was used. In the
experiments, the three influence factors such as the fabrication temperature, pressure and duration
time are considered. The experimental results are analyzed by a range analysis of orthogonal
experiments. It is shown that the most important factor that affects the mechanical properties is the
fabrication temperature and the followed factors are the fabrication pressure and the duration time
of fabrication. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that the hot-press fabrication
parameters will significantly affect the microstructure of ceramic tool materials, which can govern
the mechanical properties. This has been validated by the orthogonal experiments in the present
paper.
Silica-Based Ordered Mesoporous Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Izquierdo-Barba Isabel , Manzano Miguel , Colilla Montserrat , Vallet-Regí Maria
Published: March 2009

Much research effort has been committed to the development of bioceramics that promote bone tissue regeneration and this is still one of the greatest challenges for the scientific community. In this sense, silica-based ordered mesoporous materials constitute a new generation of bioceramics that combine the intrinsic properties of bioceramics, such as bioactive behavior, together with the capability to host and controlled release biologically active molecules that promote new bone formation, i.e. drug delivery systems. In this chapter, the recent advances aimed at tailoring ordered mesoporous materials for biomedical applications will be tackled and critically discussed.
Simulation of Bone Remodelling and Bone Ingrowth within Scaffolds
Authors: Sanz-Herrera Jose A. , García-Aznar J.M. , Doblaré Manuel
Published: March 2009

Bone Tissue Engineering is a fast growing interdisciplinary branch of research that aims
to find adequate replacements or scaffolds for bone, in order to improve its ability to regenerate
itself. The present work summarizes the most relevant functional properties of bone and its ability
of adaptation, remarking the most crucial characteristics that these replacements must fulfill for
appropriate bone regeneration, including the correct selection of the material and structure. The
second part presents current trends in computational modeling of bone remodeling and bone
ingrowth within scaffolds, with special emphasis on the description of two different mathematical
approaches to model these biological regenerative events. We demonstrate that computational
modeling is a useful tool for bone scaffold design that allows considering multiple factors some of
them very difficult to evaluate experimentally.
Clinical Use of Bioactive Glasses for Maxillo-Facial Repair
Authors: Thompson Ian , Hench Larry L.
Published: March 2009

Autogenous bone grafts are considered to be the gold standard in maxillo-facial surgery.
However, drawbacks of donor site morbidity and unpredictable rates of resorbtion often limit their
use. In vivo tests have shown that 45S5 bioactive glass particles placed in critical size bone defects
lead to regeneration of new bone that has the structural characteristics and architecture of mature
trabecular bone. In vitro tests using primary osteoblast cultures have shown that the bioactive glass
particles release ionic dissolution products that provide genetic stimuli that control osteoblast cell
cycles and lead to rapid growth of mineralized bone nodules. These in vitro and in vivo results led
to approval of use of bioactive glass particles and monolithic bioactive glass implants for use in
maxillo-facial reconstructions after removal of bone cysts and trauma, as described by several case
histories.
An Investigation of the Cyclic Fatigue and Final Fracture Behavior of a Titanium Alloy
Authors: Srivatsan T.S. , Kuruvilla Mithun , Park Lisa
Published: March 2009

In this technical manuscript the cyclic stress amplitude controlled fatigue properties and fracture
behavior of an emerging titanium alloy (referred to by its designation as ATI 425TM by the
manufacturer) is presented and discussed. The alloy was provided as rod stock in the fully
annealed condition. Test specimens of the as-received alloy were cyclically deformed under total
stress amplitude control at two different stress ratios (R = 0.1 and R = 0.3) with the purpose of
establishing the conjoint and mutually interactive influences of magnitude of cyclic stress, load ratio
and intrinsic microstructural effects on cyclic fatigue life, final fracture behavior and viable
mechanisms governing failure at the microscopic level. The high cycle fatigue resistance of this
titanium alloy is described in terms of maximum stress, load ratio, and maximum elastic strain. The
final fracture behavior of the alloy under cyclic loading conditions is discussed in light of the
mutually interactive influences of intrinsic microstructural features, magnitude of cyclic stress, load
ratio and resultant fatigue life.
Material Innovations in Alternative Energy - Collaboration, Systems and Opportunities
Authors: Swenson David W.
Published: March 2009

In today’s global market system innovation is the driver for economic development and wealth
creation. Developing a competitive advantage now requires a business culture of rapid innovation,
collaborative strategies, a systematic methodology, and a culture of concurrent change. This is the
reality in today’s innovation economy and particularly relative to developing alternative energy
systems and materials.
With the ever-increasing requirements for energy in a growing economy and the political,
environmental, and resource constraints prevalent in today’s world, new, more efficient energy
systems are mandatory. The U.S. has experienced inadequate energy generation capacity in key
geographic regions further emphasizing the need to enhance our energy generation capacity through
a multitude of energy sources. A viable capacity additive to this supply and demand dilemma is the
development of alternative energy sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaics, and wind. To achieve
this capacity additive will require significant advancement in key engineering materials combined
with innovation stimulants to leap-frog the current performance and cost barriers for competitive
energy producing alternatives.
The energy demand curve experienced globally over the past few years illustrates unmet market
needs where opportunity exists to develop innovative key materials to enable the projected growth
for renewable and biomass markets. To accelerate advanced materials to market in the energy arena
requires a system of enabling innovation combined with the development of a collaborative
approach to optimize available resources. Collaborative partnerships between multiple companies
incorporating technology, market/distribution, and financial investors are essential to optimize
innovation and successful commercialization of technology. Higher value disruptive innovations
meet new market needs while pushing a company to new technology and/or capability
requirements. Competitive success for innovative technology increasingly depends on speed to
market and speed to profits.
Recent Advances in our Research on Ultrahigh Resolution Laser Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Tan Jiu Bin , Liu Jian
Published: March 2009

This paper presents the resent advances in our research on ultrahigh resolution laser
confocal microscopy to further improve the accuracy of non-contact 3D measurement of
micro-structural dimensions and profiles at the level of micron/nanometer with emphasis on ways and
means to improve axial and lateral resolutions. A scan measuring technique based on differential
confocal microscopy is developed using the difference in the distribution of the scanning spot on near
and far confocal planes by keeping the detectors off-focus at equal distance before and after the
conjugate image plane of the scanning spot. This differential confocal microscopic scan measuring
technique can be used to double the measurement sensitivity and obviously expand the linear range to
improve the axial resolution, and to locate the tracking zero point at the center of the linear range with
the highest sensitivity to achieve the bipolar tracking properties. In addition, this new technique can
be used to effectively suppress the light source intensity drift and detector electronic drift and noise to
improve the S/N ratio. The differential confocal detection technique can be combined with the optical
superresolving filtering technique to improve both lateral and axial resolutions, and the confocal
detection technique based on micro optical arrays has a very promising potential application for
improving of detection efficiency.
Stability Derivatives Estimation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Sun Yun Ping , Wu L.T. , Liang Yen Chu
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this research is to estimate the dimensional stability derivatives in linear
dynamic model of a fixed-wing model-scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) by real flight data
logged by an onboard flight computer. The paper described the experimental setup, operation
procedure of raw flight data, process of nonlinear least squares estimation, and cause-effect
examination of impulse responses. The simulation-based results of the estimated model indicated a
very good accuracy with real flight data. The linear longitudinal and lateral models are very helpful
for designing the stability-augmentation system or autopilot for the UAV.
Online Stereo Vision Coordinate Measurement System Using on Aircraft Assembly
Authors: Yu Zhi Jing , Li X.X. , He D.R. , Zhu Ji Gui , Si X.Y. , Zhang L.
Published: March 2009

An optical imaging based fully automatic stereo vision system for aircraft assembly online
measurement is presented and analyzed. In this system, the relative position of the two cameras can
easily calibrated by imaging an optical reference bar in different locations and orientations throughout
the measurement space according to epipolar constraint and the certified distance of the features on
the reference bar. For measurement, the system takes infrared LEDs which attached at measured
object as imaging targets, and makes use of the measurement results of these feature points space
coordinates to calculate the related positions of the assembly aircraft parts. Furthermore, using
automatic infrared LED light intensity and CCD cameras exposure time improve the calibration and
measurement accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been test by experiments.
A Comparison of Image Registration Methods Used for Printed Circuit Board Inspection
Authors: Lin Shin Chieh , Chen C.T. , Chou C.H.
Published: March 2009

In this study, registration methods used to estimate both position and orientation
differences between two images had been evaluated. This is an important issue since that there are
always some position and orientation differences when loading test samples on the inspection
machine. These differences should be calculated and compensated before further analysis.
Registration methods tested including one area method and three feature based method. It was shown
that the area method had better performance than other feature based method in these cases studied.
And it is shown that it is much easy to detect defect by analyzing the subtracted image with position
and orientation compensation instead of those without compensation.
A Dynamic Model of Two-Beam Tuning Fork
Authors: Dong Zhao Gang , Zhang Ying , Soh Y.C.
Published: March 2009

The shear force detection by using a tuning fork plays a key role in the implement all
kinds of scanning probe microscopes. This paper presents primary results of modeling dynamics of
a tuning fork. The obtained model considers not only the piezoelectric properties and mechanical
properties of the tuning fork, but also the electric-mechanical coupling between the two prongs of
the tuning fork. It has been shown by theoretical studies and experiment results that the theoretical
model can fit the amplitude and phase responses of a tuning fork.
AFM with the Slope Compensation Technique for High-Speed Precision Measurement of Micro-Structured Surfaces
Authors: Cui Yu Guo , Ju Bing Feng , Aoki J. , Arai Yoshikazu , Gao Wei
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we applied the contact constant-height mode together with the pre-compensation technique which can realize the capability of high speed as well as faithful topographical image. Before scanning, the slope variation of the micro-structured surface was measured by the capacitance sensor and then stored in a PC. During the surface profile scanning, a piezoelectric actuator is applied which can provide the inconsecutive motion that corresponds to the pre-measured slope variation. As a result, the precision measurement can also be achieved. The validity of the proposed method and its performance are verified by compare the topographical images that were gained by the contact constant-force mode with feedback control. However, the scanning speed of our method is obviously high.
Study on the Intravenous Lung Assist Device (ILAD) Using PZT Actuators and PVDF Sensors
Authors: Kim Gi Beum , Kim S.J. , Lee Y.C. , Hong C.U. , Kang H.S. , Kim J.S. , Kim S.Z. , Yoon S.J. , Kim M.H.
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vibration device in gas transfer rate for usage as intravenous lung assist device. Specific attention was focused on the effect of membrane vibration. Quantitative experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the device, and to identify membrane vibration dependence on hemolysis. Scaling analysis was then used to infer the dimensionless groups that correlate the performance of a vibrated hollow tube membrane oxygenator. The experimental design and procedure are then given for a device for assessing the effectiveness of membrane vibrations. This ILAD is used to provide some insight into how wall vibrations might enhance the performance of an intravascular lung assist device. The time and the frequency response of PVDF sensor were investigated through various frequencies in the ILAD. In these devices, the flow of blood and the source of oxygen were separated by a semipermeable membrane allows oxygen to diffuse into and out of the f1uid, respectively. The results of experiments have shown vibrating ILAD performs effectively.
A Basic Study of the CNT-Biomolecule Conjugation by Molecular Dynamics Analysis
Authors: Kim S.M. , Kweon Hyun Kyu
Published: March 2009

This study is about the underlying conjugation mechanism between carbon nanotube and
biomolecule by molecular dynamics. In order to know about the conjugation mechanism between
carbon nanotube and biomolecule, molecular dynamics simulation between carbon nanotube and
water molecules was taken first and then molecular dynamics simulation between biomolecules and
water molecules was taken. At simulation between carbon nanotube and water molecules, kinetic
energy and potential energy became decreased with time and it means that the distance between
carbon nanotube and water molecules becomes distant with time by van der Waals force and
hydrophobic force. Simulation results between biomolecules and water molecules are also same as
the results of carbon nanotube and water molecules simulation. From these two simulations, the
conjugation mechanism between carbon nanotube and biomolecules can be predicted. Also, from
simulation results between carbon nanotube and biomolecules, the distance between carbon nanotube
and biomolecules becames close and it supports previous two simulation results. From these results,
we can know that biomolecules enter into the carbon nanotube's cavity because of van der Waals force
and hydrophobic force.
Ultrareliable Measuring Complex for Nuclear Reactor of New Generation
Authors: Taymanov Roald E. , Druzhinin I. , Sapozhnikova Ksenia
Published: March 2009

Technical solutions applied to a special complex for measuring position of a control rod in
the primary coolant circuit of nuclear reactor are considered. These solutions have provided an
increased accuracy, sensitivity, fault-tolerance, and lifetime. The primary transducer lifetime is
comparable with reactor lifetime. The measuring complex also carries out developed self-diagnostics
and diagnostics of a drive that moves the control rod. The results of the measuring complex use are
analyzed.
Effect of Arc Discharge Pressure on Discharge Current in EDM
Authors: Hirao Atsutoshi , Tai S. , Takezawa H. , Mohri Naotake , Kageyama Kazuro , Murayama Hideaki , Akematsu Yoshiaki
Published: March 2009

In electrical discharge machining (EDM), an electrical discharge occurs between a tool electrode and a work-piece, and removal of materials is carried out by vaporized explosion between the electrode and the work-piece. However, the mechanism of material removal in EDM is not well understood. In order to clarify this issue, the acoustic emission (AE) method has been applied to examine the force of explosion, and the Schlieren visualization method has been applied to observe the explosion. In this study, we investigate the effect of discharge current behavior on the occurrence of the AE waves by means of an optical fiber vibration sensor.
Quasi-Common-Path Laser Feedback Interferometers for Precision Measurement of Non-Cooperative Targets
Authors: Wan X.J. , Zhang Shu Lian
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we report a novel quasi-common-path laser feedback interferometer (QLFI)
for highly stable, high-resolution and non-contact displacement measurement. QLFI measures the
displacement of the target by measuring the phase of feedback light. In addition to the
target-generated feedback light (frequency shifted by 2#), a reference mirror generates a reference
feedback light which is frequency shifted by #. The phase variations of both feedback lights are
measured by heterodyne detection simultaneously and their difference offers the phase variations
caused only by target displacement. When the optical path lengths of the reference and measuring
feedback light are nearly the same, the phase fluctuations caused by the environment and laser
instability are effectively removed. The heat-induced deformation of a He-Ne laser tube is
successfully in-line measured using QLFI.
Broadband Dielectric Properties of the Ba3MnTa2O9 Complex Perovskites
Authors: Chen J.W. , Wang Bor Kai , Hsu Jimmy C. , Rao G.N.
Published: March 2009

We report the results of the broadband dielectric constant and loss tangent of the new
complex perovskites Ba3MnTa2O9 with the test frequency f in different ranges from 1 kHz to 15 GHz.
For the test frequency f below 1 MHz, the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the specimens were
measured using a LCR meter with four-terminal configuration. The measurements at frequencies
between 50 MHz and 1 GHz were performed by the lumped impedance method, which uses an
impedance analyzer to measure the complex impedance of the specimen. At frequencies above 1
GHz, two samples with diameter 9 mm and different thicknesses (2.73 mm and 5.42 mm) were
measured by a home-made Hakki-Coleman resonator. The TE011 resonant peaks were found and
identified with an Agilent PNA net-work analyzer. The dielectric constants were found to remain
almost constant with the test frequency at room temperature. The calculated values of the real part
dielectric constants are 17.74 and 17.53 at 9.86 GHz and 15.43 GHz, respectively. The unloaded Q
factors deduced from curve fitting of the peaks are both around 200.
Using of Validated Software for Uncertainty Analyses Tools in Accredited Laboratories
Authors: Velychko O.
Published: March 2009

According to international standards the accredited calibration and testing laboratories are
required to use reliable measuring instruments and to estimate an uncertainty of measurements. The
variety of software tools and the different approaches taken will almost certainly ensure that for each
laboratory there is a software package which will meet the needs. In this paper, several a software
packages are made according to their validation for comparison. Briefly general principles of
validating uncertainty analysis software packages are described. Briefly used validation methods are
described.
Universal Designed Structures for Strict Pitch Measurements Using Scanning Probe Microscopes
Authors: Sugawara Kentaro , Sato Osamu , Yoshizaki K. , Misumi Ichiko , Gonda S.
Published: March 2009

An innovative two-dimensional (2D) grating was designed for precision pitch
measurement using an atomic force microscope with laser interferometers (DLI-AFM). Two kinds of
2D gratings, cylindrical and octagonal pattern, were investigated and compared. In pitch analyses of
these patterns, the latter octagonal pattern showed smaller fluctuation of pitch values, less than 0.1 nm.
Therefore, one of the major uncertainty components, filtering parameter, was reduced dramatically.
We propose the octagonal pattern is probably the most preferable pattern for accurate calibration on
2D gratings.
Signal Denoising of MEMS Microstructure Profile
Authors: Hu Kai , Jiang Xiang Qian , Liu Xiao Jun
Published: March 2009

A new signal-denoising approach based on DT-CWT (Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet
Transform) is presented in this paper to extract feature information from microstructure profile. It
takes advantage of shift invariance of DT-CWT, non-Gaussian probability distribution for the
wavelet coefficients and the statistical dependencies between a coefficient and its parent. This
approach substantially improved the performance of classical wavelet denoising algorithms, both in
terms of SNR and in terms of visual artifacts. A simulated MEMS microstructure signal is analyzed.
Measurement and Analysis of Radial Error Motion of a Miniature Ultra-High-Speed Spindle
Authors: Fujimaki Kengo , Mitsui Kimiyuki
Published: March 2009

The optical measuring device developed in this study is based on laser autocollimation and
can measure the radial error motions of a miniature ultra-high-speed spindle having a maximum
rotational speed of 200 krpm. The maximum response frequency of this optical measuring device is
over 500 kHz, while the frequency of the radial error motion at 200 krpm is 3.33 kHz for 1 undulation
per revolution (upr), and 333 kHz for 100 upr. In addition, the optical measuring device is capable of
a highly detailed analysis of the radial error motion of a miniature ultra-high-speed spindle since it
has a high signal-to-noise ratio due to little susceptibility to electrical noises.
Multiple Measurement Techniques for Coordinate Metrology
Authors: Osawa Sonko , Sato Osamu , Takatsuji Toshiyuki
Published: March 2009

Reversal and multiple measurement techniques have been used in dimensional metrology
[1]. The reversal technique in straightness measurement is very common method. The techniques are
able to reduce the errors which come from a measuring instrument and compensate the errors
automatically. The techniques are available to CMM measurements. For ball-plate calibration, the
reversal technique is used in National Metrology Institutes (NMIs). The technique automatically
eliminates the geometrical errors of a CMM, for example, straightness, perpendicular and angle
(pitch, yaw and roll). The multiple measurement technique is used for measuring symmetrical
features as cylinders [2]. We tried to apply the technique for the pitch measurement of a gear. In this
paper, we describe the multiple measurement techniques for coordinate metrology, especially,
application to gear measurement.
Near-Net-Shape and Dense Wear Resistant Thermally Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Vogli Evelina , Baumann Ingor , Krebs Benjamin
Published: March 2009

Deep drawing of high strength steels imposes high tribological requirements on forming tools.
Thermal spraying is regarded as a promising technology to improve the tool’s performance and the
service life of the forming tool, as long as ambitious demands of the coating process are matched. In
order to qualify a thermal spraying process for a surface technology in deep drawing it is crucial
that the coating obtains an extremely dense structure and a smooth, near-net-shape surface. The
study presented considers two different approaches to achieve those goals. The application of
fine-scaled powders (<10$m) spraying through HVOF technique offers the opportunity to deposit
dense coatings with very smooth surfaces. In contrast, it is also feasible to achieve very smooth and
dense coatings by combining conventional powders with a subsequently densification procedure
Anodizing – A Key for Surface Treatment of Aluminium
Authors: Wielage Bernhard , Alisch Gert , Lampke Thomas , Nickel Daniela
Published: March 2009

This article describes the flexibility and the potentials of the most important finish for aluminium-based materials. After a suggestion for the classification of anodizing processes, the historical development of the electrolytic anodic oxidation (EAO) and the plasma-electrolytic anodic oxidation (PAO) are presented. In the following section the focus is given on selected topics concerning the process parameters, the microstructure including the layer composition and properties. The variability of the anodizing process parameters and the used materials provide this variety of application. Furthermore, both differences and similarities of the EAO and PAO processes are shown. The conclusion of this review emphasizes that there is still some need for further research especially in the interaction of the process, the formed microstructure and the resulted properties determining the final application. Hence new possibilities for this surface treatment will be open.
Tribological Behaviors of Nanostructured Surface Layer Processed by Means of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment
Authors: Shi Yi Nong , Han Zhong
Published: March 2009

Surface mechanical attrition treatment, an approach to fabricate nanostructured surface layer on bulk metallic materials has been extensively investigated in the past few years with respect to grain refinement mechanism, friction and wear behavior and the subsequent chemical treatments. The present paper briefly overviews the friction and wear behaviors of the surface nanocrystalline layers generated by SMAT on Cu, steels and Mg alloy with emphasis on reciprocating sliding wear behaviors. The potential applications of the present approach are also prospected.
Effects of Microstructure and Humidity on Fatigue Strength of Maraging Steel
Authors: Miyazono M. , Kawagoishi Norio , Wang Qing Yuan , Kondo Eiji , Nagano Takanori
Published: March 2009

Rotating bending fatigue tests were carried out for maraging steels with different grain
size in moist air in order to investigate the effects of humidity, grain size and reversion austenite on
fatigue strength of the steel. Fatigue strength was decreased by humidity, and the decrease in fatigue
strength was large in larger grain sized steel. Both of the initiation and propagation of a crack were
promoted by humidity. Many cracks initiated at the specimen surface and intergranular cracks were
observed at specimen surface and on fracture surface when humidity was high. The decrease in
fatigue strength by humidity was suppressed by formation of reversion austenite.