bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathways to food insecurity in the context of conflict: the case of the occupied Palestinian territory
Authors: Lin Tracy Kuo , Kafri Rawan , Hammoudeh Weeam , Mitwalli Suzan , Jamaluddine Zeina , Ghattas Hala , Giacaman Rita , Leone Tiziana
Published: July 2022

Background

Conflict reduces availability of production input and income, increases the number of days households had to rely on less preferred foods, and limits the variety of foods eaten and the portion size of meals consumed. While existing studies examine the impact of conflict on different food security measures (e.g., Food Consumption Score, Food Insecurity Experience Scale), the relationship between these measures as well as their relationship with political, economic, and agricultural factors remain under explored. Food insecurity may not only be an externality of conflict but also food deprivation may be utilized as a weapon to discourage residency in contested territories or to incentivize rebellions.

Methodology

This paper examines the association between political factors (e.g., violence, policies that require permit for passage in one’s own hometown), economic factors (e.g., loss of assets, unemployment), agricultural factors (e.g., shortage of water, poor weather conditions), and food insecurity experience and dietary diversity in a conflict setting—that of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The study employs generalized structural equation models to analyze the ‘Survey on socio-economic conditions for Palestinian households 2014’ dataset compiled by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics—which contains a representative sample of the population in the oPt at governorate and locality levels.

Results

We find that in the West Bank, residence in Area C—administered by Israel in both civil and security issues and contains illegal Israeli settlements and outposts—is associated with a higher level of agricultural hardship (p < 0.01) but lower economic hardship (p < 0.01) and a higher dietary diversity (p < 0.001), as compared to those living outside of Area C. In the Gaza Strip, living within one kilometer to a buffer zone is associated with lower dietary diversity (p < 0.01), higher level of political hardship (p < 0.01), and higher level food insecurity experience (p < 0.01) compared to not living in close proximity to a buffer zone. Concomitantly, in the Gaza Strip, food insecurity experience is associated with approximately a one-point reduction in dietary diversity as measured by the food consumption score (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The results suggest that broader socio-political conditions in the oPt impact different aspects of food security through augmenting the economic and agricultural hardships that are experienced by the residents. As such, it is important to address these broader political and economic structures in order to have more sustainable interventions in reducing food insecurity.
Biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy incidence in adults in the United States
Authors: Shi Ke , Chen Yuhong , Zhu Xinyue , Wu Jiali , Chen Jieqiong , Hu Jing , Sun Xiaodong , Zhang Jingfa
Published: July 2022

Background

Foods have a considerable influence on human health and were directly related to glycemic control for diabetes patients. However, little is known about the effects of biscuits, a traditional food consumed in large amounts in several countries, on diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to explore the association between biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy prevalence in adults of the United States population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with 1904 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. The association between different consumption frequencies of biscuit and diabetic retinopathy prevalence was evaluated using a binary logistic regression model. Trend test, stratified and interaction analyses were also performed.

Results

After possible confounders including sex, age, ethnicity, education, marital status, family poverty income ratio, smoking and alcohol consumption habit, fasting blood glucose level, hemoglobin A1c level, diagnosis of diabetes, insulin use, blood pressure, body mass index were adjusted, the participants who consumed biscuit 1–11 times a year, 1–3 times a month, and more than once a week had a 139.8% (95% confidence interval, 1.003–5.734), 182.1% (95% confidence interval, 1.106–7.191), and 236.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.335–9.844) higher risk of diabetic retinopathy prevalence, respectively, compared with those who never ate biscuit. For male, non-Hispanic, and overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) subgroups, the trend test demonstrated that the diabetic retinopathy prevalence significantly elevated with increased frequency of biscuit consumption (Ptrend = 0.021, 0.009, and 0.002, respectively). The interaction analysis suggested that no aforementioned confounders played an interactive role in the relationship between biscuit consumption and diabetic retinopathy prevalence.

Conclusions

The risk of diabetic retinopathy was positively associated with biscuit consumption. Moreover, for male, non-Hispanic, or overweight individuals, the risk of diabetic retinopathy significantly increased with the frequency of biscuit consumption.
Assessment of sublingual microcirculation for the screening of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu XiaoXiao , Jia Mengxiao , Sun Fang , Li Yingsha , Zhang Hexuan , Liu Xiaoli , He Hongbo , Zhao Zhigang , Yan Zhencheng , Zhu Zhiming
Published: July 2022

Objective

To investigate the potential of employing sublingual microcirculation as an early noninvasive screening technique for diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Research design and methods

We recruited 89 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 41 healthy subjects in this cross-sectional observational study. All participants underwent fluorescein fundus angiography, vibration perception testing, 10 g (Semmes–Weinstein) monofilament examination, nerve conduction velocity, and 24-h urine microalbumin determination. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, blood lipid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) were measured. Sublingual microcirculatory images were captured using side-stream dark-field (SDF) microcirculation microscopy, and total and perfused vascular density (TVD and PVD) were calculated.

Results

The sublingual microcirculatory parameters denoting microvascular density and perfusion were negatively correlated with both fasting plasma glucose (TVD, r =  − 0.316, P < 0.001; PVD, r =  − 0.350, P < 0.001; PPV, r =  − 0.279, P = 0.001) and HbA1c (TVD, r =  − 0.367, P < 0.001; PVD, r =  − 0.423, P < 0.001; PPV, r =  − 0.399, P < 0.001). Diabetes patients already had a reduction in sublingual microcirculation compared with healthy control, and more severe reductions in TVD (7.07 ± 1.64 vs. 9.67 ± 1.94 mm/mm2, P < 0.001) and PVD (5.88 ± 1.82 vs. 8.64 ± 2.46 mm/mm2, P < 0.001) were found in those diabetes patients developed microvascular complications. Sublingual microcirculation impairment was accompanied with higher urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that TVD (area under the curve, AUC = 0.890 [0.836 0.944], P < 0.001) and PVD (AUC = 0.883 [0.826, 0.940], P < 0.001) could be indicators for DN screening. We derived a combined predictor index (CPI) considering both TVD and PVD for screening DN, and both the AUC (0.892, [0.838 0.945], P < 0.001) and cutoff point of 11.30 mm/mm2 showed great improvement (sensitivity: 95.5%, specificity: 67.4%).

Conclusions

Diabetes patients experienced impaired sublingual microcirculation, which was closely correlated with UACR. Sublingual microcirculation monitoring could be used for the noninvasive early detection of DN.
Factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding among children less than 24 months old: the 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey
Authors: Lucha Tadele Abate , Mengistu Admassu Ketsela
Published: July 2022

Background

The world Health Organization recommended that all mothers be supported to initiate breastfeeding as soon as possible after birth, within the first hour. This study examined the determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia by using data from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey.

Methods

The data for this study was extracted from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 1948 children aged less than 24 months at the time of the survey were included for analysis from the nine regional states and two city administrations. The analysis was carried out in STATA Version 14.2 software using survey commands to account for the complex sample design and apply sampling weights. A manual backward stepwise elimination approach was applied.

Result

The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia was noted to be 75.2% [95% CI (71.9, 78.5%)]. In the multivariable analysis, mothers who had vaginal deliveries [AOR = 3.02 (95% CI: 1.55, 5.88)] had 3 times higher odds practicing early initiation of breastfeeding compared to mothers who had a cesarian section. Mothers aged between 35 and 49 years [AOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.20, 4.49] had 2.4 times higher odds of practicing early initiation of breastfeeding compared to mothers aged below 20 years. In addition, early initiation of breastfeeding was also associated with the region where mothers resided, in particular mothers in Amhara and Somali region, had lower odds of practicing early initiation of breastfeeding as compared with mothers residing in Tigray region.

Conclusion

Early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia was found to be significantly associated with mode of delivery, mother’s age, and region. As a result, raising awareness about early initiation of breastfeeding is especially important for mothers who have had a cesarean section, which could be accomplished with the help of the health extension workforce.
Visualization and mapping of literature on the scientific analysis of wall paintings: a bibliometric analysis from 2011 to 2021
Authors: Zhu Zhanyun , Yao Xiuya , Qin Yaling , Lu Zhiyong , Ma Qinglin , Zhao Xi , Liu Liu
Published: July 2022

As non-renewable cultural heritage, wall paintings play an important role in society. To reveal the trends in the scientific analysis of mural paintings, 845 relevant research articles published from 2011 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science database and analyzed. The VOSviewer software was adopted to map the network data of scientific publications, so that relationships among authors, countries, institutions can be displayed, and the co-occurrence of keywords and co-citation can be analyzed. The results revealed close and strong interconnections between the top authors, suggesting a considerable strong research link in this field. The cooperation between research institutions was relatively close. The most productive country of relevant publications was Italy. The leading journals for the scientific analysis of wall paintings were Journal of Raman Spectroscopy and Journal of Cultural Heritage. At present, the hotspots of scientific analysis and research on wall painting are revealing the composition, distribution, origin, and deterioration mechanism of pigments, alongside with evaluating the effects and mechanism of conservation materials and techniques. On the one hand, a possible development direction in this field is introducing more cutting-edge analysis and data processing methods. On the other hand, scientific analysis is increasingly adopted to guide the research and development of mural conservation materials.
miRNA-let-7i modulates status epilepticus via the TLR4 pathway
Authors: Ou Shu , Liu Xi , Xu Tao , Yu Xinyuan , Wang Teng , Chen Yangmei , Luo Haiyan
Published: July 2022

Background

Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity. Many SE episodes cannot be quickly and effectively terminated with current medications. miRNA-Let-7i, a member of the miRNA-Let-7 family, has been found to be associated with a variety of brain pathophysiological and neurological diseases. However, its role in SE remains elusive and requires further clarification.

Methods

The expression of miRNA-Let-7i was detected in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and SE model rats using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. Behavioral assays were performed in pilocarpine-induced SE model, and a whole-cell current clamp technique was employed to examine neuronal excitability. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP end-labeling (TUNEL) assays.

Results

The expression of miRNA-Let-7i was significantly reduced in the cortex and hippocampus of SE rats. The miRNA-Let-7i agomir and antagomir effectively regulated the levels of miRNA-Let-7i. In particular, the agomir significantly reduced the degree of SE and prolonged the latent period of SE, whereas the antagomir increased the degree of seizures and shortened the latent period. In addition, the agomir significantly decreased the frequency of action potentials, while the antagomir significantly increased it. Nissl staining and TUNEL assays demonstrated that the agomir increased the survival and decreased the apoptosis, while the antagomir had the opposite effects. In addition, a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor rescued the effects of antagomir on SE behavior and expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. Similar results on miRNA-Let-7i expression and effects of TLR4 inhibition were found in brain tissues of TLE patients.

Conclusions

The miRNA-Let-7i − TLR4 regulatory pathway is involved in SE, which provides insights into the pathogenesis of SE.
Curvature-regularized manifold for seismic data interpolation
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Ma Jianwei , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2022

Seismic data can be described in a low-dimensional manifold. Thus, the low dimensionality of the seismic data patch manifold can serve as a good regularizer for seismic data interpolation. However, we have found that having only low-dimensional manifold regularization is not sufficient for interpolating seismic data with large data gaps or spectral aliasing. Therefore, we propose the application of a curvature-regularized low-dimensional manifold method for seismic data interpolation. A windowed version of the method is proposed, which provides adaptability and efficiency for seismic data interpolation. Numerical experiments on the synthetic and field data indicate that the proposed method outperforms the f- x, curvelet, and low-dimensional manifold methods in many missing data cases, especially in the presence of large gaps or spectral aliasing.
Taxanes plus cetuximab with or without platinum chemotherapy after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Authors: Saleh Khalil , Vinches Marie , Safta Inga , Guiard Emeline , Marret Gregoire , Vion Roman , Guigay Joel , Ferrand François-Régis , Clatot Florian , Le Tourneau Christophe , Rambeau Audrey , Saada-Bouzid Esma , Daste Amaury , Even Caroline
Published: July 2022

6036

Background: Salvage chemotherapy after progression on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was associated with an objective response rate (ORR) of 30% in patients (pts) with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of taxanes + cetuximab (TC) +/- platinum chemotherapy in pts with R/M SCCHN who failed ICIs in palliative setting. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at 7 French university hospitals. Eligibility criteria were pts treated with ICI for R/M SCCHN, who progressed after treatment with ICI and received TC +/- platinum salvage chemotherapy between August 2017 and December 2021. Clinical and radiological data and outcome were collected from review of medical records. Results: Ninety-nine pts met eligibility criteria: 63 pts received TC and 36 pts received triplet regimen (TR). The median age was 61 years (range 24-78) and 79% of pts were male. Forty-two pts (42%) had platinum-refractory disease (PRD) after multimodal treatment, 13 pts received prior taxanes and 24 pts received prior cetuximab. The median PS at salvage chemotherapy was 1 (range 0-3). ICIs were given as first-line treatment in 70% of pts including those with PRD. The ORR of the entire cohort was 62% (61/99) including 5 complete responses (CR) and the disease control rate was 79% (78/99). The median progression-free survival of the entire cohort was 4.4 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months. The 5 pts who had CR as best response are still in remission after a median follow-up of 24 months (range 8-58). The ORR of TC subgroup was 57% (36/63) and the ORR of TR subgroup was 69% (25/36). Furthermore, the ORR in the PRD subgroup of pts was 54% (39/72), and the ORR in the subgroup of pts who were not chemo naïve was 54% (39/72). The ORR in pts who previously received cetuximab was 50% (12/24) vs 75% (49/75) in those who did not. The ORR in pts who previsouly received taxanes was 38% (5/13) vs 65% in those who did not. Finally, the ORR in PRD pts and treated with TR was 50% (7/14) and the ORR in pts who previously received platinum-based treatment or PRD and treated with TR was 55% (11/20). Conclusions: TC +/- platinum chemotherapy was highly effective in pts R/M SCCHN who progressed on ICIs with an ORR of 62% and DCR of 79%. Further investigations are warranted.
Threonine phosphorylation regulates the molecular assembly and signaling of EGFR in cooperation with membrane lipids
Authors: Maeda Ryo , Tamagaki-Asahina Hiroko , Sato Takeshi , Yanagawa Masataka , Sako Yasushi
Published: July 2022

The cytoplasmic domain of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) plays roles as a kinase and a protein scaffold; however, the allocation of these two functions is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the assembly of the transmembrane (TM)–juxtamembrane (JM) region of EGFR, one of the best studied members of RTKs, by combining single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging and a nanodisc technique. The JM domain of EGFR contains a threonine residue (T654) that is phosphorylated after ligand association. We observed that the TM–JM peptides of EGFR form anionic lipid-induced dimers and cholesterol-induced oligomers. The two forms involve distinct molecular interactions, with a bias toward oligomer formation upon threonine phosphorylation. We further analyzed the functions and oligomerization of whole EGFR molecules, with or without a substitution of T654 to alanine, in living cells. The results suggested an autoregulatory mechanism in which T654 phosphorylation causes a switch of the major function of EGFR from kinase-activating dimers to scaffolding oligomers.
Πολιτική - ηθική βούληση και Ειμαρμένη στην Αρχαία Ελληνική και στη Βυζαντινή φιλοσοφία με έμφαση στον Πλήθωνα
Authors: Μαντζανάς Μιχαήλ Κ.
Published: July 2022

Το άρθρο αφορά στην ηθική βούληση και στην Ειμαρμένη στην Αρχαία Ελληνική και στη Βυζαντινή φιλοσοφία με έμφαση στον Πλήθωνα. Η αρχαία ελληνική και η βυζαντινή φιλοσοφία, όπως θα καταδειχθεί, υιοθετούν ως προς το ζήτημα της Ειμαρμένης την αρχή της αιτίας και την αρχή της ανάγκης. Επιπλέον, συνεπικυρώνουν την κατίσχυση της ηθικής ελευθερίας και την ανεξαρτησία των ανθρώπινων επιλογών και ενεργειών. Η αρχαία ελληνική και η βυζαντινή διανόηση είναι εμβολιασμένες με την έννοια της ελευθερίας και κατά τούτο αποδέχονται την ελευθερία της διάκρισης και τους αστάθμητους παράγοντες της ζωής, που αφορούν στην ενυλοποίηση των απρόβλεπτων, των αστάθμητων και των ενδεχόμενων εκφάνσεων του βίου. Η αρχαία ελληνική και η βυζαντινή σκέψη, με γνώμονα την αδιάσειστη δύναμη της λογικής και του βιώματος, καταδεικνύουν την έννοια του ηθικού καταλογισμού και της ηθικής ευθύνης. Κύριος ερευνητικός στόχος του άρθρου μας είναι η ανάδειξη της συμβολής της αρχαίας ελληνικής και της βυζαντινής φιλοσοφίας στο καθοριστικό ζήτημα της ανθρώπινης ύπαρξης, που αφορά στην απάντηση στο ερώτημα αν υφίσταται ηθικός καταλογισμός ή προκαθορισμός στις ανθρώπινες πράξεις.
Ο κινητός και ακίνητος θεός-κόσμος στον Ξενοφάνη
Authors: Θεοδοσίου Ανδρέας
Published: July 2022

Η εργασία αυτή αποσκοπεί να ερευνήσει το πρόβλημα της κίνησης και της ακινησίας του θεού-κόσμου στον Ξενοφάνη. Αρχικά, καταγράφονται τα χαρακτηριστικά της θείας φύσης, όπως αυτά προκύπτουν τόσο από την κατάκριση των παραδοσιακών πίστεων περί του θείου όσο και από την εποικοδομητική θεολογική σκέψη του Κολοφώνιου. Ακολούθως, διαμορφώνεται μια συλλογιστική που οδηγεί στην ταύτιση του θεού και του κόσμου αλλά, παράλληλα, και στον εντοπισμό μιας αντίφασης περί ενός ταυτόχρονα κινητού και ακίνητου θεού-κόσμου. Η απάντηση που δίδεται - και καθιστά την αντίφαση αυτή μόνο φαινομενική - αποτελεί συγκερασμό των στοιχείων που υποδεικνύουν την αδυναμία κατανόησης του θείου από τον άνθρωπο και της διαφοροποίησης του ξενοφάνειου τρόπου σκέψης, τόσο από την επικρατούσα ιωνική κοσμολογική θεώρηση περί κινήσεως όσο και από την παρμενίδεια κοσμολογική θεώρηση περί ακινησίας. Η θεώρηση του θεού-κόσμου στον Ξενοφάνη ως ουσιωδώς ακίνητου - επουσιωδώς κινητού «διασώζει» τη συνέπεια της σκέψης του Κολοφώνιου και ανοίγει τον δρόμο προς μια καινούργια αντιμετώπιση του Είναι ως απολύτως ακίνητου, την ελεατική, η οποία ολοκληρώνεται μετέπειτα από τον Παρμενίδη.
Η σύνδεση της Πανδώρας με την πρώιμη αρχαϊκή εποχή στο Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι
Authors: Αναστασιάδου Χριστίνα
Published: July 2022

Βασικός πυρήνας της παρούσας εργασίας αποτελεί η ερμηνεία και η συμβολή της Πανδώρας για το σιδηρό γένος στο Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι του Ησιόδου. Αρχικά, υπογραμμίζεται η συμβολή του Μύθου στην ανάπτυξη του φιλοσοφικού στοχασμού, καθώς και η συνεισφορά του Ησιόδου στη γέννηση της φιλοσοφίας. Έπειτα, επιχειρείται η συσχέτιση της μορφής της Πανδώρας με τα διανοητικά στοιχεία της πρώιμης αρχαϊκής περιόδου. Ακολούθως, πραγματώνεται μια ερμηνευτική σύνδεση ανάμεσα στον Προμηθέα και την Πανδώρα προτάσσοντας την έννοια του μόχθου για το σιδηρό γένος  και, τέλος, διαπιστώνεται η αξία της Πανδώρας ως μια καίρια παρουσία για τη διαμόρφωση του σιδηρού και κατ’ επέκταση του ανθρώπινου γένους.
Τα Κοινωνικά Συμβόλαια των John Locke και John Rawls: από τη φυσική κατάσταση στην πρωταρχική θέση
Authors: Βαγενά Δήμητρα Θ.
Published: July 2022

Ο John Locke και ο John Rawls αποτελούν δύο από τους σπουδαιότερους θεωρητικούς κοινωνικών συμβολαίων. Η παρούσα εισήγηση στοχεύει σε μία συγκριτική παρουσίαση των δύο αυτών θεωριών. Αρχικά αναλύεται ο τρόπος με τον οποίο ο Locke χρησιμοποιεί την έννοια της ιδιοκτησίας για να δικαιολογήσει τη μετάβαση από τη φυσική κατάσταση στις πολιτικές κοινότητες. Έπειτα, περιγράφεται πώς ο Rawls δομεί το κοινωνικό του συμβόλαιο, χρησιμοποιώντας το πέπλο της άγνοιας για να φτιάξει μια δίκαιη κοινωνία. Η σύγκριση των δύο θεωριών βασίζεται στη διαφορά μεταξύ της φυσικής κατάστασης του Locke και της πρωταρχικής θέσης του Rawls και στην έμφαση στις έννοιες αφενός της ιδιοκτησίας και αφετέρου της δικαιοσύνης, προκειμένου να καταδειχθεί πώς το πέπλο της άγνοιας του Rawls οδηγεί τον πολιτικό φιλελευθερισμό σε μια νέα προοπτική.
Η μυστικιστική πορεία προς την «τοῦ θείου σκότους ἀκτῖνα» κατά τον ψευδο-Διονύσιο Αρεοπαγίτη
Authors: Γιατρούτσικος-Πράττος Ευάγγελος
Published: July 2022

Στο παρόν άρθρο γίνεται μια προσπάθεια σκιαγράφησης της θεολογικής σκέψης του Διονυσίου Αρεοπαγίτου, με έμφαση στο έργο του «Περί Μυστικής Θεολογίας», στο οποίο προβάλλεται εντονότερα το ζήτημα της αδυναμίας γνώσης του Θεού. Αρχικά, γίνεται αναφορά στη συμβολή του Διονυσίου στη χριστιανική σκέψη και τον μυστικισμό. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται σταδιακή εμβάθυνση στο έργο του «Περί Μυστικής Θεολογίας». Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, παρουσιάζεται ο λόγος που δε δύναται να γνωριστεί ο Θεός, ενώ, παράλληλα, αναδεικνύεται ο αρχετυπικός χαρακτήρας της ανάβασης του Μωυσή στο όρος Σινά. Στο τελευταίο μέρος, αναλύεται η σημαντικότητα του αποφατισμού στον μυστικισμό του ψευδο-Διονυσίου και το πώς η αποφατική οδός οδηγεί στην περιχάραξη των ορίων της γνώσης, αλλά και σε μια οντολογία του προσώπου.
Αλήθειες και ψέματα σχετικά με τη φιλοσοφική στάση του Νίτσε
Authors: Δρίτσας Γιώργος
Published: July 2022

Ο Friedrich Nietzsche είναι μια από τις πιο παρεξηγημένες μορφές του 19ου αιώνα. Χαρακτηρίστηκε με πολλούς τρόπους, αρνητικά και θετικά, από όλες τις πολιτικές παρατάξεις και ιδεολογικές γραμμές. Όμως κανείς δεν προσπάθησε να απαντήσει εμπεριστατωμένα πάνω στην πραγματική ή μη υφή των κατηγοριών, όπως και στη λογική συνάφειά τους με το έργο του. Στο άρθρο αυτό θα προσπαθήσουμε να αναδείξουμε τη σχέση του: α) με τις ιδέες της κοινωνικής χειραφέτησης, β) με τον αναρχισμό, τον ατομικισμό και τον μηδενισμό και τέλος γ) τη σχέση του με τον φασισμό, τον φυλετισμό και τον αντισημιτισμό.
Η πολιτική ιδεολογία του φασισμού και η Νεωτερικότητα
Authors: Ζαχαράκης Μύρων
Published: July 2022

Στο παρόν άρθρο θα εξεταστεί  η σχέση της πολιτικής ιδεολογίας που είναι γνωστή ως «φασισμός» με τις αξίες της Νεωτερικότητας, με σκοπό να αναιρεθεί η ευρέως διαδεδομένη παρερμηνεία ότι ο φασισμός αποτελεί ένα ιδιαίτερο είδος «πολιτικού λουδισμού», δηλαδή μια ακραία αντίδραση απέναντι στη Νεωτερικότητα, καθώς και μια αταβιστική παλινδρόμηση στον μυθικό τρόπο σκέψης, κυρίως εξαιτίας της επιρροής του από τον ρομαντισμό του 19ου αιώνα. Αφού αναιρεθεί αυτή η άποψη, θα προβληθεί η δισυπόστατη φύση του φασισμού, ως μια σύζευξη τεχνοκρατίας και αντιμοντερνισμού, και επιπλέον η γενικότερη σχέση του με το κίνημα του ρομαντισμού.
Η εξαφάνιση της Ισμήνης
Authors: Ζερβόπουλος Θεόδωρος
Published: July 2022

Ο Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel υπήρξε στην εποχή του ένας από τους μεγαλύτερους θαυμαστές της Αντιγόνης του Σοφοκλή. Ήταν τέτοια η επίδραση του έργου στη σκέψη του, ώστε, είτε με ευθείες αναφορές είτε με υπαινιγμούς, βάσισε σε αυτό τόσο τη θεωρία του για την αρχαία τραγωδία, όσο και εκείνη που αφορούσε την κατάρρευση του αρχαιοελληνικού κόσμου. Η πρωτότυπου χαρακτήρα εγελιανή ανάγνωση άφησε τα ίχνη της σε μεταγενέστερους στοχαστές, μεταξύ άλλων στον Søren Kierkegaard, ο οποίος διαπραγματεύτηκε την Αντιγόνη στη βάση της αισθητικής θεωρίας του Γερμανού φιλοσόφου. Είναι ενδιαφέρον ότι, για τους δικούς του λόγους ο καθένας, αμφότεροι αποσιωπούν την παρουσία της αδελφής της ηρωίδας, Ισμήνης, από τις θεωρήσεις τους. Σκοπός του παρόντος, λοιπόν, είναι να αναδείξει τις αιτίες εξαφάνισης από τα πονήματά τους της φιγούρας αυτής, της οποίας, τελικά, η σημασία ίσως είναι πιο κομβική από ό,τι το μέγεθος του ρόλου υπαγορεύει.
Λουκρήτιος, Για τη φύση των πραγμάτων – Ο επικουρισμός στη Ρώμη του 1ου αιώνα π.Χ.
Authors: Κεφαλίδου Άννα
Published: July 2022

Η ρωμαϊκή σκέψη του 1ου αιώνα π.Χ. επηρεάζεται από τέσσερα διαφορετικά φιλοσοφικά ρεύματα: τους Πλατωνιστές, τους Αριστοτελιστές, τους Στωϊκούς και τους Επικούρειους. Οι παλαιότεροι (Ακαδημία και Περίπατος) καταφέρνουν να «προσηλυτίσουν» μία μερίδα του κόσμου, αλλά η μεγάλη «μάχη» δίνεται ανάμεσα στη Στοά και στον Κήπο. Αυτή την εποχή, ο Λουκρήτιος γράφει το De Rerum Natura – Για τη φύση των πραγμάτων, στο οποίο, αν και απόλυτα προσκολλημένος στη διδασκαλεία του Επίκουρου, ενσωματώνει στοιχεία από την παράδοση και δημιουργεί κάτι τελείως διαφορετικό και, τελικά, εντελώς ρωμαϊκό. Γράφοντας μία, στην ουσία της φυσική, φιλοσοφία, ο Λουκρήτιος απαντά σε όλα τα μεταφυσικά ερωτήματα της εποχής του. Η επίδραση που άσκησε το έργο του Λουκρήτιου μπορεί να θεωρηθεί σημαντική, καθώς μετέφερε τον λόγο του Επίκουρου στη λατινική γλώσσα, κάνοντας τον επικουρισμό γνωστό στον μετέπειτα ευρωπαϊκό κόσμο.
Μελέτη προσωπικότητας προπτυχιακών φοιτητών διαφορετικών ακαδημαϊκών ειδικοτήτων με προσαρμογή του εργαλείου International Personality item Pool
Authors: Γκάτσα Τατιανή Ι.
Published: July 2022

Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζεται η προσαρμογή του εργαλείου Προσωπικότητας International Personality Item Pool (50-item IPIP). Η προσαρμογή έγινε στο πλαίσιο μελέτης με δείγμα προπτυχιακούς φοιτητές διαφορετικών ακαδημαϊκών ειδικοτήτων, το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2020-21. Συμμετείχαν 306 προπτυχιακοί φοιτητές από Παιδαγωγικό Τμήμα Δημοτικής Εκπαίδευσης Σχολής Επιστημών Αγωγής και Τμήμα Μηχανικών Ηλεκτρονικών Υπολογιστών και Πληροφορικής Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής. Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν να διερευνηθούν οι ομοιότητες και οι διαφορές σε χαρακτηριστικά της προσωπικότητας των δυο ομάδων φοιτητών. Κατά την προσαρμογή του εργαλείου εφαρμόστηκαν μικρές γλωσσικές αναθεωρήσεις στη μετάφραση, ώστε να προσαρμοστεί στις ανάγκες της μελέτης. Τα αποτελέσματα της στατιστικής ανάλυσης παρουσιάζουν υψηλή αξιοπιστία στις πέντε κλίμακες του εργαλείου (Extraversion .821, Αgreeableness .821, Conscientiousness .816, Emotional stability/Νeuroticism .854, Intellect/Οpenness .746). Το εργαλείο 50-item IPIP κατόπιν της προσαρμογής λειτούργησε με σταθερότητα, επιδεικνύοντας ικανοποιητικά υψηλή αξιοπιστία.
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on suicide attacks among children and adolescents comparison of statistics from 2013-2021. Prophylaxis of suicidal behavior among children and adolescents
Authors: Ruszel Kinga , Dubel Robert , Czekaj Aleksandra , Namroży Natalia , Dubel Julia , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: July 2022

According to statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO), 800,000 people a year die for themselves worldwide. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents in many countries. Research conducted by organizations such as WHO or IASP (International Association for Suicide Prevention) and, according to the data of the Polish Police Headquarters, show that there is an upward trend in suicide behavior worldwide. The social factors of suicidal behavior include the issues of: isolation and social support, suicides in agricultural regions, ties to war, ties with religion, suicides in prisons or the impact of unemployment on suicides. Personal factors include individual susceptibility to suicidal behavior: the feeling of hopelessness, memory distortion and other factors that compose the psychological approach as a whole. Taking into account the Covid-19 pandemic that has prevailed for 2 years and the war taking place just outside our country, in Poland in 2020 and 2021 a significant increase in suicidal behavior among children and adolescents was noticed. Nevertheless, Poles are still not aware of the problem of suicidal behavior in the country, if only because there are still few social campaigns that consciously and appropriately address this problem. Suicide is still a socially embarrassing problem, and the preparation of a wider-ranging initiative on this issue requires not only financial outlays, but also detailed substantive studies.
Desde España hacia Europa. La actividad transnacional de peruanos comprometidos, 1914-1945.
Authors: Martínez Riaza Ascensión
Published: July 2022

La propuesta toma como caso de estudio a Felipe Sassone y César Falcón, dos peruanos de muy distinta trayectoria que formaron parte de los circuitos culturales españoles, alcanzaron el éxito como escritores y periodistas y, desde posiciones confrontadas, se involucraron en la política española de finales de la Restauración, a la Guerra Civil. La prensa fue el espacio privilegiado en el que se manifestaron sobre los cambios que convulsionaron a Europa durante la Primera Guerra Mundial y el periodo de entreguerras.
Unos “empleos públicos de particular confianza”: los ensayadores de cajas reales en Nueva España, 1521-1783.
Authors: Castro Gutiérrez Felipe
Published: July 2022

: Este artículo analiza la labor de los ensayadores de las cajas reales de la Nueva España en el periodo en que estuvieron bajo el régimen de venta de cargos públicos. Estos oficiales eran responsables de certificar la ley de la plata y del oro de modo que pudieran emplearse en el comercio, la acuñación de moneda y fuese posible recaudar los correspondientes impuestos. Constituían a la vez un medio de vida para muchas personas y un puesto clave en la compleja relación entre el rey y las elites locales.
Ultrasound for the assessment of thyroid nodules: an overview for non-radiologists
Authors: Hamill Conor , Ellis Peter , Johnston Philip C
Published: July 2022

Upon discovery of a thyroid nodule (or nodules), a patient is usually referred for evaluation by ultrasound, which is typically performed by a trained radiologist or sonographer. More recently, this technology has been used intraoperatively by endocrine surgeons and also by endocrinologists, often in the context of ‘one-stop shops’ or point of care ultrasound in the outpatient setting. Although thyroid nodules are common and most will be benign, the subsequent work up of these can cause anxiety for patients and place a burden on radiologists. In the UK, sonographic features of benign, suspicious or malignant nodules are classified by the British Thyroid Association U1–U5 criteria, which decide whether to biopsy the nodule (typically U3 and above). This article provides an overview of ultrasound in assessing the thyroid nodule in the context of this classification. This can be used as a guide to interpretation of thyroid ultrasonography for non-radiologists.
Usefulness of Bridging External Fixation for Prevention a Collapse in the Case of Osteoid Osteoma in the Lunate
Authors: Kaneko Ayaka , Naito Kiyohito , Sugiyama Yoichi , Obata Hiroyuki , Ishijima Muneaki
Published: July 2022

Introduction: We report a patient with osteoid osteoma that developed in the lunate. Case Report:The patient was a healthy 28-year-old male who had the right wrist joint pain and osteosclerosis of the lunate was noted on plain radiography. Kienböck’s disease was considered at the first examination, but a nidus was observed on computed tomography, suggesting osteoid osteoma in the lunate. The resection of the bone lesion and bridging external fixation to prevent post-operative collapse of the lunate was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was also osteoid osteoma in the lunate. At 3 years after surgery, no recurrence of the lesion or progression of collapse of the lunate has occurred. Conclusion: As the development of osteoid osteoma in the lunate is a markedly rare pathology and there are many differential diseases, the time to diagnosis may be prolonged. Moreover, it may be useful to attach bridging external fixation to prevent a collapse of the lunate. Keywords:Osteoid osteoma, lunate, nidus, Kienböck disease, bridging external fixation.
Continuous Local Antibiotic Perfusion (CLAP) for Post-operative Infection of Open Tibial Fractures: A Case Report
Authors: Mineo Ryowa , Oe Keisuke , Niikura Takahiro , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Kuroda Ryosuke , Maruo Akihiro
Published: July 2022

Introduction:We encountered a case of post-operative infection of an open tibial fracture that was controlled by continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP), a novel method of fracture-related infection (FRI) that we have developed. CLAP is a procedure in which a bone marrow needle and a double lumen tube are placed in the infected area, and an appropriate concentration of antimicrobial agent is continuously administered and perfused. Case Report:The patient was a 78-year-old woman. She was hit by a motor vehicle and fell to the farmyard floor. She suffered multiple traumas, including a lower leg open fracture, multiple rib fractures, clavicle fracture, pelvic fracture, mandibular fracture, and liver injury. Her tibial fracture was a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIA open fracture. After debridement and external fixation of the tibial open fracture on the same day, open reduction and internal fixation with an intramedullary nail was performed 3 days after the injury. Twelve days after the injury, local heat and redness were observed at the nail insertion wound and the posteromedial calf, and a purulent clot was discharged from the open wound. We performed curettage of the lesion and retained the implant. CLAP was then constructed to perfuse local antibiotics along the nail and large hematoma area. Locally, the inflammation improved and the inflammatory response became negative 3 weeks after the initiation of CLAP. Six months after surgery, bony union was achieved. At present, 3.5 years after the internal operation, there is no sign of infection, and the patient has returned to her pre-injury life with no abnormalities in motor function. Conclusion: CLAP may be a novel treatment method that can be expected to achieve bone healing while preserving the implant in FRI cases after open tibial fracture. Keywords: Open tibial fracture, fracture-related infection, continuous local antibiotic perfusion, gentamicin.
Wideband dual-polarized linear-circular and linear-cross angular stable THz reflective polarizer based on a modified square loop FSS
Authors: Shukoor Mohammad Abdul , Bini Tejas Shibu , Kunju Nissan , Dey Sukomal
Published: July 2022

A simple wideband reflective type linear-cross and linear-circular polarization converter for terahertz (THz) applications is proposed in this paper. The top frequency selective surface (FSS) consists of a thin gold coated figure of eight square loop with the connected strip line corners on a thin grounded polyamide dielectric substrate. For the

y

/

x

-polarized incidence, the design exhibits linear-circular conversion with an axial ratio (

≤

3

d
B

) from 0.49–0.50, 0.60–0.83, 1.16–1.62, and 1.81–1.85 THz with 2.02%, 32.17%, 33.09%, and 2.19% fractional bandwidth (FBW), respectively. In addition, it also performs the linear-cross conversion with a minimum 90% polarization conversion ratio (PCR) from 0.53–0.56, 0.92–1.07, and 1.69–1.75 THz having 5.50%, 15.08%, and 3.49% FBW, respectively. Multiple plasmonic resonances are the reason behind different polarization conversions and are confirmed with surface current distribution profiles of the FSS and ground. The metasurface’s performance is stable up to 45° for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) oblique incidences. The polarizer’s unit cell architecture is compact with structural dimensions of

0.121

×

0.121

×

0.041

λ
L
3

, where

λ
L

is the lowest operating frequency’s free-space wavelength. The authors believe this design is compact, with angular stable multi-band multi-conversion ability that will significantly impact the THz applications in real time.
Simultaneous measurement of torsion and strain at high temperature by using a highly birefringent cladding fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Xu Baijie , He Jun , Xu Xizhen , He Jia , Guo Kuikui , Bao Weijia , Chen Runxiao , Liu Shen , Liao Changrui , Wang Yiping
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the fabrication of a new highly birefringent cladding fiber Bragg grating (Hi-Bi CFBG) consisting of a pair of sawtooth stressors near the fiber core by using a femtosecond laser direct writing technology. The unique sawtooth structure serves as in-fiber stressor and also generates Bragg resonance due to its periodicity. After optimization of laser pulse energy, the Hi-Bi CFBG with a high birefringence of 2.2 × 10−4 and a low peak reflectivity of ∼ -24.5 dB (corresponding to ∼ 0.3%) was successfully fabricated in a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF). And then, a wavelength-division-multiplexed Hi-Bi CFBGs array and an identical Hi-Bi CFBGs array were successfully constructed. Moreover, a simultaneous measurement of torsion and strain at high temperature of 700 °C was realized by using the fabricated Hi-Bi CFBG, in which the torsion can be deduced by monitoring the reflection difference between the two polarization peaks and strain can be detected by measuring polarization peak wavelength. A high torsion sensitivity of up to 80.02 dB/(deg/mm) and a strain sensitivity of 1.06 pm/µɛ were achieved. As such, the proposed Hi-Bi CFBG can be used as a mechanical sensor in many areas, especially in structural health monitoring at extreme conditions.
Efficient acousto-optic modulation using a microring resonator on a thin-film lithium niobate–chalcogenide hybrid platform
Authors: Yang Zhiqiang , Wen Meixun , Wan Lei , Feng Tianhua , Zhou Wenfeng , Liu Dong , Zeng Siqing , Yang Shuixian , Li Zhaohui
Published: July 2022

This Letter presents the first, to the best of our knowledge, thin-film lithium niobate–chalcogenide based microring acousto-optic modulator where an interdigital transducer and a chalcogenide strip waveguide are integrated on X-cut thin-film lithium niobate. The microring resonator exhibits a high loaded quality factor of 5 × 105. The developed hybrid acousto-optic modulator with an interaction length of 120 µm demonstrates an effective half-wave voltage of only 1.74 V, which corresponds to a voltage-length product of 0.02 V•cm. The performance of the acousto-optic modulator demonstrated on the unsuspended thin-film lithium niobate–chalcogenide waveguide platform is on par with that obtained from an acoustic cavity assisted homogeneous lithium niobate counterpart.
Fabrication of a spatially tunable band reject filter with a very wide tunability range based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal polymer
Authors: Mohammadimasoudi Mohammad , Khoshkhati Farid , Sohrabnavi Houriyeh , Neyts Kristiaan
Published: July 2022

A thin, waterproof, and stable spatially tunable band reject filter is fabricated based on a chiral nematic liquid crystal polymer. The fabrication method for this filter is new, to the best of our knowledge, and straightforward. The photonic bandgap (PBG) of the proposed filter can be tuned from 350 nm to 760 nm by a mechanical movement of 6.5 mm. The filter reflects almost 50% of unpolarized incident light in the PBG and remains practically transparent for other wavelengths. The filter remains stable for four years and has acceptable resistance to polar protic solvents and thermal stability up to 90°C. The filter can be detached from the glass substrates, to be used as a thin 8-µm free-standing film or to be attached to a flexible substrate. This spatial tunable band reject filter may be used in displays, optical devices, and optical communication.
The Relationship Between the Tumor Cell Expression of Hypoxic Markers and Survival in Patients With ER-positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer
Authors: Shamis Suad A.K. , Quinn Jean , Mallon Elizabeth E.A. , Edwards Joanne , McMillan Donald C.
Published: July 2022

The prognostic significance of hypoxia markers, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), was investigated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry determined the expression of makers in two independent ductal ER-positive cohorts (Training set, n=373 and Validation set, n=285) and was related to clinicopathological parameters and disease-free survival (DFS). In the training cohort, nuclear HIF-1α (1) was independently associated with poorer DFS in luminal A tumors [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.53 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30–0.94, p=0.030]. In the validation cohort, both HIF-1α (1) and CAIX were independently associated with decreased DFS in the entire cohort (HR = 1.85 95% CI: 1.10–3.11, p=0.019; HR = 1.74 95% CI: 1.08–2.82, p=0.023), in luminal A disease (HR = 1.98 95% CI: 1.02–3.83, p=0.042), and in luminal B disease (HR = 2.75 95% CI: 1.66–4.55, p<0.001), respectively. Taken together, elevated cytoplasmic HIF-1α (1) expression was an independent prognostic factor in luminal A disease, whereas CAIX was an independent prognostic factor in luminal B disease. Further work in large tissue cohorts is required.
A Bayesian method for identifying associations between response variables and bacterial community composition
Authors: Verster Adrian , Petronella Nicholas , Green Judy , Matias Fernando , Brooks Stephen P. J.
Published: July 2022

Determining associations between intestinal bacteria and continuously measured physiological outcomes is important for understanding the bacteria-host relationship but is not straightforward since abundance data (compositional data) are not normally distributed. To address this issue, we developed a fully Bayesian linear regression model (BRACoD;BayesianRegressionAnalysis ofCompositionalData) with physiological measurements (continuous data) as a function of a matrix of relative bacterial abundances. Bacteria can be classified as operational taxonomic units or by taxonomy (genus, family, etc.). Bacteria associated with the physiological measurement were identified using a Bayesian variable selection method: Stochastic Search Variable Selection. The output is a list of inclusion probabilities (p^) and coefficients that indicate the strength of the association (β^included) for each bacterial taxa. Tests with simulated communities showed that adopting a cut point value ofp^≥ 0.3 for identifying included bacteria optimized the true positive rate (TPR) while maintaining a false positive rate (FPR) of ≤ 5%. At this point, the chances of identifying non-contributing bacteria were low and all well-established contributors were included. Comparison with other methods showed that BRACoD (atp^≥ 0.3) had higher precision and a higher TPR than a commonly used center log transformed LASSO procedure (clr-LASSO) as well as higher TPR than an off-the-shelf Spike and Slab method after center log transformation (clr-SS). BRACoD was also less likely to include non-contributing bacteria that merely correlate with contributing bacteria. Analysis of a rat microbiome experiment identified 47 operational taxonomic units that contributed to fecal butyrate levels. Of these, 31 were positively and 16 negatively associated with butyrate. Consistent with their known role in butyrate metabolism, most of these fell within the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. We conclude that BRACoD provides a more precise and accurate method for determining bacteria associated with a continuous physiological outcome compared to clr-LASSO. It is more sensitive than a generalized clr-SS algorithm, although it has a higher FPR. Its ability to distinguish genuine contributors from correlated bacteria makes it better suited to discriminating bacteria that directly contribute to an outcome. The algorithm corrects for the distortions arising from compositional data making it appropriate for analysis of microbiome data.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in India: Results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mehta Kayur , Dhaliwal Baldeep K. , Zodpey Sanjay , Loisate Stacie , Banerjee Preetika , Sengupta Paramita , Gupta Madhu , Shet Anita
Published: July 2022

Remarkable scientific progress has enabled expeditious development of effective vaccines against COVID-19. While healthcare workers (HCWs) have been at the frontline of the pandemic response, vaccine acceptance amongst them needs further study. We conducted a web-based survey to assess vaccine acceptance among HCWs in India between January and February 2021, shortly after the launch of India’s vaccination campaign. Descriptive statistics were used to examine respondent demographics and Likert scale responses. Binomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with vaccine acceptance. The survey yielded 624 respondents from 25 states and five union territories in India; 53.5% were male, and median age was 37 years (IQR 32–46). Amongst all respondents, 84.1% (525/624) supported COVID-19 vaccines, and 63.2% (141/223) of those unvaccinated at the time of survey administration were willing to accept a vaccine. Trust in government sources, healthcare providers or scientific journal articles for COVID-19 related information was reported by 66.8%, while confidence in social media for this information was reported by only 4.5%. Amongst those who had not yet received a COVID-19 vaccine, factors independently associated with vaccine acceptance included age (aOR 3.50 [95% CI, 1.04–11.76] for those above 45 years compared to younger HCWs aged 18–29 years), belief in vaccine effectiveness and safety (aOR 3.78 [95% CI 1.15–12.38]), and provision of free/no-cost vaccine (aOR 2.63 [95% CI, 1.06–6.50]). Most respondents (80%) were confident about their hospital being equipped to efficiently rollout COVID-19 vaccines to the general population. While overall attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination were positive among HCWs in India, acceptance was lower among healthier and younger HCWs. Data availability on vaccine safety and effectiveness, and cost considerations were important for acceptance. Targeted interventions are needed to improve vaccine acceptance amongst HCWs, since they are critical in promoting vaccine acceptance amongst the general population.