bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global inequality and the Trump administration
Authors: Mayer Frederick W. , Phillips Nicola
Published: January 2019

Since US President Donald J. Trump took office in January 2017, the future of the global economy has looked distinctly uncertain. This is not because a process of clear and purposeful change can be said to be underway. Instead, it is because of a pattern of piecemeal, inconsistent and contradictory fragments of policy, both domestic and international in orientation, in the arenas of trade, taxation, business relations, finance and banking, social and welfare provision, immigration, and environmental protection, whose cumulative significance remains unclear. The modest task of this essay is therefore to sketch the contours, patterns, inconsistencies and confusions presented by the Trump administration's approach to shaping the US economy and, by extension, the global economic order, and on that basis to offer an interpretation of its emerging implications for inequality both within the United States and across the world.
The father–daughter relationship in the wake of maternal death from breast cancer
Authors: Cohen Marie M. , Wellisch David K. , Ormseth Sarah R. , Yarema Valerie G.
Published: January 2019

Objectives:

This paper examines whether a relationship exists between paternal psychological stability and daughters' symptomatology following the death of a wife/mother from breast cancer. Specifically, is there a relationship between paternal parenting style and the daughters' subsequent capacity to form committed relationships later in life?

Methods:

We assessed 68 adult daughters (average age = 23.5 years) since the mother's breast cancer diagnosis by means of a semistructured clinical interview and psychological testing.

Results:

The daughters were subdivided into three psychiatric risk groups. Those in the highest risk group were most likely to be single and to have high CES–Depression and STAI–Anxiety scores. Daughters in the highest risk group were also most likely to have fathers who abused substances, fathers who had experienced a serious psychiatric event, and families with the most closed communication about the mother's cancer.

Significance of Results:

Psychopathology in fathers correlated with increasing anxiety and depression in adult daughters. Daughters at the highest level of risk had the most severe affective states, the most disturbed father–daughter bonding, and the least ability to create successful interpersonal relationships as adults. We suggest specific interventions for these daughters of the lowest-functioning fathers.
The Singapore Convention on Mediation—A Brighter Future for Asian Dispute Resolution
Authors: CHUA Eunice
Published: January 2019

On 26 June 2018, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law [UNCITRAL] approved, largely without modification, the final drafts of the Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention) and amendments to the Model Law on International Commercial Mediation prepared by Working Group II. These instruments aim to promote the enforceability of international commercial settlement agreements reached through mediation in the same way that the New York Convention facilitates the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards. This paper provides a critical analysis of the Singapore Convention, and some commentary from an Asian perspective.
Acid‐Induced Dissolution of Andesite: Evolution of Permeability and Strength
Authors: Farquharson Jamie I. , Wild Bastien , Kushnir Alexandra R. L. , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick , Kennedy Ben
Published: January 2019

Volcanic systems often host crater lakes, flank aquifers, or fumarole fields that are strongly acidic. In order to explore the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties of an andesite under these reactive chemical conditions, we performed batch reaction experiments over timescales from 1 day to 4 months. The experiments involved immersion of a suite of samples in a solution of 0.125 M sulfuric acid (pH ∼0.6). Periodically, samples were removed and their physical and mechanical properties measured. We observe a progressive decrease in mass, coincident with a general increase in porosity, which we attribute to plagioclase dissolution accompanied by the generation of a microporous diktytaxitic groundmass due to glass dissolution. Plagioclase phenocrysts are seen to undergo progressive pseudomorphic replacement by an amorphous phase enriched in silica and depleted in other cations (Na, Ca, and Al). In the first phase of dissolution (t = 24–240 hr), this process appears to be confined to preexisting fractures within the plagioclase phenocrysts. However, ultimately these phenocrysts tend toward entire replacement by amorphous silica. We propose that the dissolution process results in the widening of pore throats and the improvement of pore connectivity, with the effect of increasing permeability by over an order of magnitude relative to the initial measurements. Compressive strength of our samples was also modified, insofar as porosity tends to increase (associated with a weakening effect). We outline broader implications of the observed permeability increase and strength reduction for volcanic systems including induced flank failure and related hazards, improved efficiency of volatile migration, and attendant eruption implications.
New Capillary Number Definition for Micromodels: The Impact of Pore Microstructure
Authors: Tang Jinyu , Smit Michiel , Vincent‐Bonnieu Sebastien , Rossen William R.
Published: January 2019

A new capillary number (Nca) definition is proposed for 2‐D etched micromodels. We derive the new definition from a force balance on a nonwetting ganglion trapped by capillarity. It incorporates the impact of pore microstructure on mobilization. The geometrical factors introduced can be estimated directly from image analysis of the pore network etched in the micromodel, without conducting flow experiments. The improved fit of the new Nca to published data supports its validity. The new definition yields a consistent trend in the capillary‐desaturation curve. The conventional Nca definitions proposed for porous rock give a large scatter in the capillary‐desaturation curve for data in micromodels. This is due to the different type of flow in micromodels, as 2‐D networks, relative to 3‐D geological porous media. In particular, permeability is dominated by channel depth in micromodels with shallow depth of etching, and generally, there is no simultaneous multiphase flow under capillary‐dominated conditions. Applying the conventional definitions to results in micromodels may lead to misleading conclusions for fluid transport in geological formations.
In situ printing of liquid superlenses for subdiffraction-limited color imaging of nanobiostructures in nature
Authors: Jia Boliang , Wang Feifei , Chan Hoyin , Zhang Guanglie , Li Wen Jung
Published: January 2019

The nanostructures and patterns that exist in nature have inspired researchers to develop revolutionary components for use in modern technologies and our daily lives. The nanoscale imaging of biological samples with sophisticated analytical tools, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has afforded a precise understanding of structures and has helped reveal the mechanisms contributing to the behaviors of the samples but has done so with the loss of photonic properties. Here, we present a new method for printing biocompatible “superlenses” directly on biological objects to observe subdiffraction-limited features under an optical microscope in color. We demonstrate the nanoscale imaging of butterfly wing scales with a super-resolution and larger field-of-view (FOV) than those of previous dielectric microsphere techniques. Our approach creates a fast and flexible path for the direct color observation of nanoscale biological features in the visible range and enables potential optical measurements at the subdiffraction-limited scale.
Transforming insect population control with precision guided sterile males with demonstration in flies
Authors: Kandul Nikolay P. , Liu Junru , Sanchez C. Hector M. , Wu Sean L. , Marshall John M. , Akbari Omar S.
Published: January 2019

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environmentally safe and proven technology to suppress wild populations. To further advance its utility, a novel CRISPR-based technology termed precision guided SIT (pgSIT) is described. PgSIT mechanistically relies on a dominant genetic technology that enables simultaneous sexing and sterilization, facilitating the release of eggs into the environment ensuring only sterile adult males emerge. Importantly, for field applications, the release of eggs will eliminate burdens of manually sexing and sterilizing males, thereby reducing overall effort and increasing scalability. Here, to demonstrate efficacy, we systematically engineer multiple pgSIT systems inDrosophilawhich consistently give rise to 100% sterile males. Importantly, we demonstrate that pgSIT-generated sterile males are fit and competitive. Using mathematical models, we predict pgSIT will induce substantially greater population suppression than can be achieved by currently-available self-limiting suppression technologies. Taken together, pgSIT offers to potentially transform our ability to control insect agricultural pests and disease vectors.
Artificial light-driven ion pump for photoelectric energy conversion
Authors: Xiao Kai , Chen Lu , Chen Ruotian , Heil Tobias , Lemus Saul Daniel Cruz , Fan Fengtao , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei , Antonietti Markus
Published: January 2019

Biological light-driven ion pumps move ions against a concentration gradient to create a membrane potential, thus converting sunlight energy directly into an osmotic potential. Here, we describe an artificial light-driven ion pump system in which a carbon nitride nanotube membrane can drive ions thermodynamically uphill against an up to 5000-fold concentration gradient by illumination. The separation of electrons and holes in the membrane under illumination results in a transmembrane potential which is thought to be the foundation for the pumping phenomenon. When used for harvesting solar energy, a sustained open circuit voltage of 550 mV and a current density of 2.4 μA/cm2 can reliably be generated, which can be further scaled up through series and parallel circuits of multiple membranes. The ion transport based photovoltaic system proposed here offers a roadmap for the development of devices by using simple, cheap, and stable polymeric carbon nitride.
Microstereolithography
Authors: You Shangting , Miller Kathleen , Chen Shaochen
Published: January 2019

Microstereolithography is a light-assisted three-dimensional (3D) fabrication technology providing free-form fabrication capability with fine resolution and high speed. There is a wide range of material choice for this technology, including biomaterials such as hydrogels and proteins. It realizes 3D fabrication by spatially controlling light exposure so that the liquid state material solidifies at the predefined location and forms a solid structure as design. The prevailing polymerization mechanism is free-radical photopolymerization, which can be induced in a solution comprising the proper monomers and photoinitiators. Microstereolithography outstrips inkjet-based and extrusion-based micro 3D printing on fabrication resolution, fabrication speed, and structural integrity. While scanning-based microstereolithography is able to print a structure with a ∼100 nm resolution at a slow speed, projection-based microstereolithography offers a much faster fabrication speed (e.g., in seconds) at a microscale printing resolution.
Shear Thinning Hydrogel-based 3D Tissue Modelling
Authors: Lindsay Christopher D. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: January 2019

Hydrogels are water-swollen, crosslinked polymer networks that can be widely tuned to fit many applications. Hydrogels have been used as tissue engineering platforms for decades, but have not been widely adopted as inks for 3D bioprinting. Compared to the more common liquid solution phase (sol-phase) bioinks, hydrogel (gel-phase) bioinks have many advantages, which will be discussed in Section 1. Section 2 will describe how gel-phase inks can be tuned to include important bioactive cues for specific tissue engineering applications. In Section 3, different crosslinking strategies and materials will be presented for the creation of gel-phase bioinks. Finally, Section 4 will discuss how gel-phase bioinks can be used to create complex structures that are required for the future of advanced medicine.
Polymers in Biofabrication and 3D Tissue Modelling
Authors: Melchels Ferry P. W.
Published: January 2019

Biofabrication and 3D tissue modelling without employing polymers is near-unthinkable. The vast majority of biomaterials used in this field are polymeric in nature, and range from hard, synthetic polymers for structural integrity and mechanical support, to soft, water-swollen naturally-derived hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix and provide biochemical cues to encapsulated cells. This chapter aims to provide insights on the use of polymer biomaterials for biofabrication and 3D tissue modelling, going beyond an exhibit of examples found in literature. Its main focus is to elucidate how polymer properties govern their behaviour in the context of biofabrication and 3D tissue modelling, and to explain the functions they serve. This will not only explain why certain polymer biomaterials have been employed so far, but it will also guide future material selection and development towards specific applications.
3D Tissue Modelling of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Bang Seokyoung , Lee Seung-Ryeol , Jeon Noo Li
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, we introduce a recapitulation of 3D brain tissue on a microfluidic platform. Reconstruction of specific features of the brain, rather than entire features, is a better strategy because of the complexity of the brain. Here, we would like to introduce two important features of the brain: the neural circuit and the blood–brain barrier. The structural and functional features of these were engineered in in vitro platforms. For the in vitro neural circuit, 3D axon bundle and synapse formation between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron group were focused on. These features were recapitulated by injecting Matrigel into the microfluidic platform and then modifying the internal density pattern of the Matrigel using a micro-post array and hydrostatic pressure. For the in vitro blood–brain barrier, the low permeability of the vascular network could be obtained by mimicking many direct contacts between the vascular network and the astrocytes. These features were created by constructing a co-culture system capable of supplying different media both inside and outside the vascular network. Recapitulation of 3D brain tissue in these microfluidic platforms may lead to improvements in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
3D Tissue Modeling of Skin Tissue
Authors: Heo Jun-ho , Kim Kyungha , Park Suhyun , Myung Noehyun , Kang Hyun-wook
Published: January 2019

The skin is the largest organ of the body. As it is the first line of defense from the external environment, it is the most vulnerable organ to injury. In 2016, there were 500 000 burn patients, and they incurred astronomical medical costs. Researchers have studied a wide range of treatments for skin injuries, including wound dressing, skin tissue engineering, and cell sheets. However, there are limitations to these treatments. They cannot regenerate the full thickness of the skin or heal extensive burn wounds. Many researchers are working towards developing skin bioprinting, which is a promising technology that can potentially be applied to overcome the limitations of current burn treatments. One of the key advantages of this technology is that it can be used to produce biomimetic artificial skin with multiple types of skin cells. Hence, various studies have been conducted using bioprinting technology to generate advanced biomimetic and functional skins containing vasculature, pigmentation, sweat glands and hair follicles. The resulting skin substitutes are expected to have a range of applications including cosmetics, skin disease modeling and drug development. In this chapter, we will review progress in bioprinting technology relating to manufacturing artificial skins.
3D Tissue Models for Toxicology
Authors: Skeldon Gregor , Hay David C. , Shu Wenmiao
Published: January 2019

In chemical development, a product's potential toxic effects on life must be analysed before it can be used. This study of toxicology often utilises in vitro and in vivo models, but both have significant drawbacks. Current in vitro models are often simplistic and two-dimensional (2D), whereas in vivo models pose economic and ethical concerns. The burgeoning field of biofabrication has allowed production of more physiological relevant, three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, which can reduce the use of animal models. This chapter will detail the various tissues that have been modelled in 3D for toxicology research using biofabrication, and their benefits over current 2D in vitro models.
Ethics of Using Human Cells/Tissues for 3D Tissue Models
Authors: Lim Jung Yeon , Kim Do Hyun , Park Sun Hwa , Kim Sung Won
Published: January 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) human cell or tissue model systems provide a cellular microenvironment emulating native tissues in the human biology. These tissue engineering systems have been developed to investigate the efficacy and safety of new drugs, with the goal of conducting clinical trials of engineered human 3D tissues. Although research and commercialization are moving at a rapid pace, the ethical issues surrounding this technology have not been addressed on a commensurate time scale. The identification of the ethical concerns with this technology is not only a social responsibility but also in the interest of the future of this technology. Here, we discuss the ethical issues associated with human 3D tissue and organ modeling.
Correction: The stability and unexpected chemistry of oxide clusters
Authors: Yu Xiaohu , Oganov Artem R. , Zhu Qiang , Qi Fei , Qian Guangrui
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘The stability and unexpected chemistry of oxide clusters’ by Xiaohu Yu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 30437–30444.
Strategies to control zeolite particle morphology
Authors: Li Shiying , Li Junfen , Dong Mei , Fan Subing , Zhao Tiansheng , Wang Jianguo , Fan Weibin
Published: January 2019

Methods to synthesize zeolites with different crystal habits and assemble zeolite crystals into specific structures are reviewed for the rational design of zeolite particle morphologies.
A heterometallic sodium(i)–europium(iii)-organic layer exhibiting dual-responsive luminescent sensing for nitrofuran antibiotics, Cr2O72− and MnO4− anions
Authors: Xu Shan , Shi Jing-Jing , Ding Bo , Liu Zheng-Yu , Wang Xiu-Guang , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Yang En-Cui
Published: January 2019

A red-emitting layer constructed from {Eu2Na(CH3COO)2} chains and 4,4′-(pyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzolate linkers exhibits luminescent discriminations for three nitrofuran antibiotics and toxic Cr2O72− and MnO4− anions.
Cytotoxic RuII-p-cymene complexes of an anthraimidazoledione: halide dependent solution stability, reactivity and resistance to hypoxia deactivation
Authors: Sarkar Amrita , Acharya Sourav , Khushvant Kumar , Purkait Kallol , Mukherjee Arindam
Published: January 2019

Iodo coordinated half-sandwich RuII-anthraimidazoldione shows stability and low cytotoxicity even under hypoxia in metastatic cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (1–2 μM), induces apoptosis without ROS, and prevents migration at IC20dose.
Assessment of an electropositive granule media filter for concentrating viruses from large volumes of coastal water
Authors: Miao Jing , Jiang Han-Ji , Yang Zhong-Wei , Shi Dan-yang , Yang Dong , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Yin Jing , Qiu Zhi-Gang , Wang Hua-Ran , Li Jun-Wen , Jin Min
Published: January 2019

The EGM filter exhibits virus recovery rates higher than 88% from large volumes of coastal water irrespective of the water quality.
Effect of catechin liposomes on the nitrosamines and quality of traditional Chinese bacon
Authors: Wu Jieyu , Guan Rongfa , Huang Haizhi , Liu Zhenfeng , Shen Haitao , Xia Qile
Published: January 2019

Liposomes are capable of increasing the nitrosamine inhibition of catechins in traditional Chinese bacon after long-term storage.
CO2-fixation into cyclic and polymeric carbonates: principles and applications
Authors: Kamphuis Aeilke J. , Picchioni Francesco , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: January 2019

The reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxides is an attractive pathway for CO2-utilisation as it can lead to the formation of two valuable products: cyclic and polymeric carbonates.
Microfluidic modelling of the tumor microenvironment for anti-cancer drug development
Authors: Shang Menglin , Soon Ren Hao , Lim Chwee Teck , Khoo Bee Luan , Han Jongyoon
Published: January 2019

Microfluidic tumor model has the unique advantage of recapitulating tumor microenvironment in a comparatively easier and representative fashion. In this review, we aim to focus more on the possibility of generating clinically actionable information from these microfluidic systems, not just scientific insight.
A microfluidic sensor for detecting chlorophenols using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs)
Authors: Ho Wing Fat , Nguyen Le Truc , Yang Kun-Lin
Published: January 2019

A microfluidic sensor for real-time detection of chlorophenols in solutions.
Polymeric ionic liquids for lithium-based rechargeable batteries
Authors: Eshetu Gebrekidan Gebresilassie , Mecerreyes David , Forsyth Maria , Zhang Heng , Armand Michel
Published: January 2019

Polymeric ionic liquids containing both ionic liquid-like moieties and polymer frameworks are promising alternative electrolytes/binders for Li-based rechargeable batteries.
Removal of the commercial reactive dye Procion Blue MX-7RX from real textile wastewater using the synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles at different particle sizes as a source of Fenton's reagent
Authors: Tony Maha A. , Mansour Shehab A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present study was to signify the role of the particle size of an iron source in the photo-Fenton system for textile dyeing wastewater oxidation.
Pulsed-grown graphene for flexible transparent conductors
Authors: Nayak Pramoda K.
Published: January 2019

Flexible transparent conductors using pulsed-grown graphene with extremely low Rs of 40 Ω sq−1,high Tr of 90% and superior flexibility (∼1.7% tensile strain) were demonstrated.
Carbon nanotubes–elastomer actuator driven electrothermally by low-voltage
Authors: Jeong Jae-Hun , Mun Tae Jin , Kim Hyunsoo , Moon Ji Hwan , Lee Duck Weon , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: January 2019

Hybrid CNTs yarn muscle could be actuated with excellent contraction and stability at low voltage.
Tunable physicochemical and free volume characteristics of novel terpolymer–poly(vinyl alcohol)-grafted membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Vasanthakumar V. , Mohanapriya S. , Priyadharsan A. , Anbarasan P. M. , Nambissan P. M. G. , Raj V.
Published: January 2019

Here, we describe a facile and scalable approach to fabricate novel ABC-type terpolymer-based proton conducting membranes (PCMs) and elucidate the benefits of utilizing terpolymer composite membrane polymer materials as electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC).
Synthesis and characterization of a supported ionic-liquid phase catalyst with a dual-mesoporous structure derived from poly(ionic liquids) and P123
Authors: Wang Beibei , Sheng Xiaoli , Zhou Yuming , Gao Huaying , Zhu Zhiying , Hu Saichun , Liao Qiang , Sha Xiao
Published: January 2019

A novel heterogeneous catalyst with high efficiency and recovery shows excellent performance in the alkylation of o-xylene and styrene.
tert-Butyl nitrite promoted transamidation of secondary amides under metal and catalyst free conditions
Authors: Sureshbabu Popuri , Azeez Sadaf , Chaudhary Priyanka , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: January 2019

Transamidation of secondary amides with various amines is demonstrated using tert-butyl nitrite. The reaction proceeds through the N-nitrosamide intermediate and provides the desired products in excellent yields.
Rational design and facile preparation of maleimide-based functional materials for imaging and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Yang Ze , Guo Yun , Ai Shu-Lun , Wang Su-Xiao , Zhang Jin-Zhi , Zhang Yue-Xing , Zou Qi-Chao , Wang Hang-Xing
Published: January 2019

A facile approach for producing amine modified maleimides by simple heat treatment of tartaric acid with amides provides a means to expand the applications of functional maleimide in imaging and energy conversion.
Preparation of super-hydrophilic polyphenylsulfone nanofiber membranes for water treatment
Authors: Wang Yan , Górecki Radoslaw Pawel , Stamate Eugen , Norrman Kion , Aili David , Zuo Min , Guo Weihong , Hélix-Nielsen Claus , Zhang Wenjing
Published: January 2019

A 3-dimensional nanofiber membrane with superior hydrophilicity and mechanical properties significantly improves flux and salt rejection in thin film forward osmosis.
Super rapid removal of copper, cadmium and lead ions from water by NTA-silica gel
Authors: Li Yulian , He Junyong , Zhang Kaisheng , Liu Tao , Hu Yi , Chen Xifan , Wang Chengming , Huang Xingjiu , Kong Lingtao , Liu Jinhuai
Published: January 2019

A silica gel material modified with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA-silica gel) was sensibly designed and prepared via a simple method for the super rapid removal of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from water.
Photo-curable poly-(ethylene glycol)–fumarate elastomers with controlled structural composition and their evaluation as eluting systems
Authors: Navarro Lucila , Minari Roque J. , Vaillard Santiago E.
Published: January 2019

Elastomeric poly-ester materials have extraordinary potential for soft tissue engineering applications.
Correction: Click chemistry approaches to expand the repertoire of PEG-based fluorinated surfactants for droplet microfluidics
Authors: Scanga Randall , Chrastecka Lucie , Mohammad Ridhwan , Meadows Austin , Quan Phenix-Lan , Brouzes Eric
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Click chemistry approaches to expand the repertoire of PEG-based fluorinated surfactants for droplet microfluidics’ by Randall Scanga et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 12960–12974.
Nondestructive characterization of soft materials and biofilms by measurement of guided elastic wave propagation using optical coherence elastography
Authors: Liou Hong-Cin , Sabba Fabrizio , Packman Aaron I. , Wells George , Balogun Oluwaseyi
Published: January 2019

Elastic guided waves were generated in mixed-culture bacterial biofilms for characterizing its viscoelastic properties.
Molecular dynamics simulations of EPON-862/DETDA epoxy networks: structure, topology, elastic constants, and local dynamics
Authors: Kallivokas Spyros V. , Sgouros Aristotelis P. , Theodorou Doros N.
Published: January 2019

Partial pair distribution functions, XRD patterns, segmental dynamics, elastic constants and glass temperature in EPON862/DETDA epoxy predicted through molecular dynamics.
From rational design of a new bimetallic MOF family with tunable linkers to OER catalysts
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Luo Jiangshui , Wan Kai , Plessers Dieter , Sels Bert , Song Jianxun , Chen Liugang , Zhang Ting , Tang Pengyi , Morante Joan Ramon , Arbiol Jordi , Fransaer Jan
Published: January 2019

A new series of bimetallic MOFs with tunable pillar linkers were successfully prepared, leading to a significant change in the intrinsic properties of MOFs and MOF-derived materials with the incorporation of a second metal cation.
Enhanced wavelength-selective photoresponsivity with a MoS2 bilayer grown conformally on a patterned sapphire substrate
Authors: Huang Chen Sung-Wen , Wang Sheng-Wen , Hong Kuo-Bin , Medin Henry , Chung Chieh-Han , Wu Chun-Chia , Su Teng-Yu , Lai Fang-I , Lee Po-Tsung , Kuo Shou-Yi , Kuo Hao-Chung , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: January 2019

Wavelength-selective photodetectors with a MoS2 bilayer on patterned sapphire substrates have been demonstrated using a facile and simple method.
Management der postoperativ prolongierten Parenchymfistel
Authors: Beushausen Christina , Sklenar Stephan Christoph , Kress Julia Ingrid , Eggeling Stephan
Published: January 2019

Eine protrahierte Parenchymfistel ist eine der häufigsten postoperativen Komplikationen in der Thoraxchirurgie. Für elektive lungenresezierende Eingriffe wird in der Literatur von einer postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel ab einer Dauer von 5 – 7 Tagen gesprochen. Es bestehen mehrere prädiktive Faktoren für die Ausbildung einer protrahierten Fistel, die sich in präoperative, wie beispielsweise die obstruktive Lungenerkrankung, und intraoperative Risikofaktoren, wie pleurale Adhäsionen oder fusionierte Fissuren, unterteilen lassen. Die Therapie der postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel ist sehr individuell und unterscheidet sich unter Umständen je nach Patient erheblich. Es existieren 4 größere Bausteine als Therapieoptionen, die in ihrer Abfolge und Nutzung einen großen Behandlungsspielraum ermöglichen: eine intensivierte konservative Therapie, eine Installation von sklerosierenden Agenzien oder Eigenblut, endoskopische Verfahren oder eine chirurgische Revision. Die Vermeidung, Erkennung und Therapie einer postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel sind alltägliche Aspekte der thoraxchirurgischen Arbeit mit hoher klinischer Relevanz. Neben einigen standardisierten Abläufen wie der Risikoidentifizierung und der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung bei einer protrahierten Fistel ist die Behandlung sehr individuell und erfordert eine große Expertise des behandelnden Chirurgen. Zu einer erfolgversprechenden, zielführenden Therapie scheint es empfehlenswert, sich innerhalb einer Klinik auf eine bestimmte standardisierte Therapieabfolge zu einigen.
Grundlagen der Optik
Authors: Buser Annemarie , Baumbach Peter , von Livonius Bettina
Published: January 2019

Als Augenarzt ist es sehr wichtig zu wissen, ob eine eingeschränkte Sehkraft refraktiv bedingt ist oder ob eine andere Pathologie dahintersteckt. Die Refraktion nimmt daher am Anfang einer jeden Augenuntersuchung einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Dafür ist es wichtig, die Grundgesetze der Optik zu kennen. So ist es bei der Anpassung von sphärischen und zylindrischen Gläsern interessant zu wissen, welche Eigenschaften die jeweiligen Linsen haben. Auch sollte man über die Strahlengänge und Brechungsgesetze bei der Anpassung von Brillengläsern und Prismen Bescheid wissen. Zudem sollte man bei der Verordnung von Brillengläsern Hornhautscheitelabstandsänderungen beachten und Umrechnungen für die Stärke von Kontaktlinsen kennen. Nur wenn man ein tieferes Verständnis für die Refraktion und die Korrektion fehlsichtiger Augen hat, kann man auch optimale Sehhilfen bei schwierigeren Refraktionsverhältnissen anpassen.
Endovaskuläre Therapie von Viszeralarterienaneurysmata – geht das immer?
Authors: Aschenbach René , Diamantis Ioannis , Bürckenmeyer Florian , Zanow Jürgen , Settmacher Utz , Teichgräber Ulf Karl-Martin , Franiel Tobias
Published: January 2019

Echte Viszeralarterienaneurysmata (VAA) und Viszeralarterienpseudoaneurysmata (VAPA) treten im Stromgebiet des Truncus coeliacus, der A. mesenterica superior und der A. mesenterica inferior auf. Neben der operativen Therapie stellt die endovaskuläre Versorgung viszeraler Aneurysmata sowie Pseudoaneurysmata eine interventionelle Alternativmethode dar, die sich in den letzten beiden Dekaden sprunghaft entwickelt hat und in vielen Zentren als Methode der ersten Wahl gilt. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich durch eine hohe technische Erfolgsrate bei niedriger Komplikationsrate aus. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt die Grundprinzipien der endovaskulären Versorgung auf und diskutiert den Stellenwert sowie die Limitierungen des Verfahrens.
Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies in Small Breed Dogs with Atlantoaxial Instability: A Multicentre Case–Control Study
Authors: Vidondo Beatriz , Carrera Inés , Hernandez-Guerra Angel , Moissonnier Pierre , Plessas Ioannis , Schmidt Martin , Schnötzinger Dietmar , Forterre Franck , Precht Christina , Waschk Maja
Published: January 2019

Objective The main purpose of this study was to define criteria to systemically describe craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and to report the prevalence of CVJ anomalies in small breed dogs with and without atlantoaxial instability (AAI).

Materials and Methods Retrospective multicentre matched case–control study evaluating magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic images of small breed dogs with and without AAI for the presence of CVJ anomalies.

Results One hundred and twenty-two dogs were enrolled (61 with and 61 without AAI). Only dogs with AAI had dens axis anomalies such as separation (n = 20) or a short-rounded conformation (n = 35). Patients with AAI were more likely to have atlantooccipital overlapping based on transection of McRae's line by the dorsal arch of the atlas (odds ratio [OR] = 5.62, p < 0.01), a transection of Wackenheim's clivus line (OR = 41.62, p < 0.01) and rostral indentation of the occipital bone (OR = 2.79, p < 0.05). Patients with AAI were less likely to have a larger clivus canal angle (OR = 0.94, p < 0.01) and larger occipital bone lengths (OR = 0.89, p < 0.05).

Clinical Significance Small breed dogs with AAI are more likely to have other CVJ anomalies such as atlantooccipital overlapping or dens anomalies. The grade of brachycephaly does not differ between patients with and without AAI. Certain objective criteria from human literature were found useful for the assessment of both AAI and atlantooccipital overlapping such as McRae's line, Wackenheim's clivus line, and clivus canal angle. The classification criteria used can help to evaluate CVJ anomalies in a more systematic way.
Residual adenoma after cold snare polypectomy for small colorectal adenomas: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Maruoka Daisuke , Arai Makoto , Akizue Naoki , Ishikawa Kentaro , Kasamatsu Shingo , Taida Takashi , Ishigami Hideaki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nakagawa Tomoo , Katsuno Tatsuro , Kato Naoya
Published: January 2019

Background Endoscopic resection of all colonic adenomas prevents the occurrence of colon cancer and death. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guideline recommends resection of all polyps predicted to be adenomas and cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for removal of adenomas ≤ 9 mm on the basis of safety; however, it also states that this recommendation lacks adequate evidence of efficacy. The residual adenoma rate after resection is an important indicator of efficacy, but there have been no reports showing this prospectively. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the residual adenoma rate after CSP of small colonic polyps.

Methods Between March 2015 and April 2017, patients who were endoscopically diagnosed with colorectal adenomas < 9 mm underwent CSP, the site being marked with endoscopic clips. Patients with pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent follow-up colonoscopy 3 weeks after CSP and any post-CSP scars were biopsied. The primary endpoint was the presence of pathological residual adenoma 3 weeks after CSP.

Results Overall, 126 lesions in 39 patients were removed and 125 (99.2 %) were resected en bloc using CSP. Pathologically, 111 lesions (88.1 %) were confirmed as adenomas (4.2 ± 1.5 mm), with 36 of these (32.4 %) determined to be R0 resections. No complications were observed. All 37 patients with pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent follow-up colonoscopy, and 102 of 111 scars were detected in 33 patients. One pathological residual adenoma (0.98 %, 95 % confidence interval 0.02 % – 5.3 %) was identified.

Conclusions CSP appears to be an effective treatment for diminutive and small colorectal adenomas, with a low residual adenoma rate.
Integrable generalizations of the sine-Gordon, short pulse, and reduced Maxwell–Bloch equations
Authors: Ustinov N. V.
Published: January 2019

The multi-parameter generalizations of the sine-Gordon (SG), short pulse (SP), and reduced Maxwell–Bloch (RMB) equations are considered. These generalizations are integrable by the inverse scattering transformation method and connected with the modified SG equation, its limiting case, and the modified RMB equations by the changes of the dependent and independent variables expressed in terms of the conserved densities and fluxes of the latter. The particular cases of the generalizations considered include the Rabelo–Fokas (RF) equation, the modified SP equation, and some other equations. The properties of the soliton solutions of some of the generalizations are studied. It is revealed that the interaction of the well-defined solitons of the RF equation and the corresponding version of the RMB equations leads to an appearance of the intervals in some regions of the soliton parameters, where the solution becomes multi-valued, and to the blow-up of the solution. In addition, the compacton-like soliton solutions can exist in some cases.
Hermite polynomials and Fibonacci oscillators
Authors: Marinho Andre A. , Brito Francisco A.
Published: January 2019

We compute the (q1, q2)-deformed Hermite polynomials by replacing the quantum harmonic oscillator problem to Fibonacci oscillators. We do this by applying the (q1, q2)-extension of Jackson derivative. The deformed energy spectrum is also found in terms of these parameters. We conclude that the deformation is more effective in higher excited states. We conjecture that this achievement may find applications in the inclusion of disorder and impurity in quantum systems. The ordinary quantum mechanics is easily recovered as q1 = 1 and q2 → 1 or vice versa.
Characterisation of size distribution and positional misalignment of nanoscale islands by small-angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Heldt Georg , Thompson Philip , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , Kohlbrecher Joachim , Lee Stephen , Heyderman Laura J. , Thomson Thomas
Published: January 2019

Highly ordered arrays of nanoscale magnetic structures form the basis of artificial spin ices, uniform particles for bio-medical applications, and data storage as Bit Patterned Media. We demonstrate that small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) allows the size distribution and the positional alignment of highly ordered arrays to be determined with high spatial and statistical accuracy. The results obtained from the SAXS measurements are compared to an analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy images and found to be in excellent agreement. This confirms the validity of the technique and demonstrates its potential as a fast, accurate, and statistically reliable method for characterising arrays of ordered nanostructures.
Transport coefficients of a weakly ionized plasma with nonextensive particles
Authors: Ebne abbasi Zeinab , Esfandyari-Kalejahi Abdolrasoul
Published: January 2019

The transport coefficients of a weakly ionized plasma are studied in the non-extensive statistics framework using the Boltzmann equation. We find that some of these transport coefficients depend on the nonextensive parameter, q. It is seen that, in the case of qs smaller than one (superthermal particles), the diffusion coefficient is meaningful only in the range 3/5<q<1 so that it decreases with increasing q. Also, for q>1 (sub-thermal particles), the diffusion coefficient decreases as q increases. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity is meaningful just in the range of 5/7<q<1. In addition, it is observed that the increase in q gives rise to the decrease in the thermal conductivity value in both superthermal and sub-thermal particles. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity is independent of the q parameter in contrast to the fully ionized plasma [Z. Ebne Abbasi and A. Esfandyari-Kalejahi, Phys. Plasmas 23, 073112 (2016)]. Finally, we compare our results to the previous ones based on Kappa distributed electrons and ions [L. Wang and J. Du, Phys. Plasmas 24, 102305 (2017)].
A novel microsensor for measuring thermal conductivity of fluid based on three omega method
Authors: Zhao Libo , Luo Yunyun , Huang Xiangxiang , Zhou Xiangyang , -Hebibul Rahman , Ding Jianjun , Li Zhikang , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: January 2019

A novel microsensor has been designed for the measurement of thermal conductivity of fluids based on the three omega (3ω) method. First, we theoretically analyzed the heat conduction using the 3ω method to demonstrate the mechanism of the microsensor to measure the thermal conductivity of a fluid. For the main structure of the microsensor, a heater was supported by the thin dielectric layers. In order to obtain the optimal parameters, we used the finite element method to simulate the working condition of the microsensor. In the simulation model, the effects of the thicknesses of the heater and dielectric layers on the thermal conductivity λ of the fluid were analyzed. The simulation results confirmed the validity and accuracy of conventional analytical calculations. Based on the simulation and theoretical calculation, a microsensor was optimally designed and fabricated to measure the thermal conductivity of fluids. Experimental data are consistent with those reported in the literature and demonstrate that the proposed sensor is effective for measuring thermal conductivity of fluids, including conductive ones.
Unifying averaged dynamics of the Fokker-Planck equation for Paul traps
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arindam , Shah Kushal , Chatterjee Anindya
Published: January 2019

Collective dynamics of a collisional plasma in a Paul trap is governed by the Fokker-Planck equation, which is usually assumed to lead to a unique asymptotic time-periodic solution irrespective of the initial plasma distribution. This uniqueness is, however, hard to prove in general due to analytical difficulties. For the case of small damping and diffusion coefficients, we apply averaging theory to a special solution to this problem and show that the averaged dynamics can be represented by a remarkably simple 2D phase portrait, which is independent of the applied rf field amplitude. In particular, in the 2D phase portrait, we have two regions of initial conditions. From one region, all solutions are unbounded. From the other region, all solutions go to a stable fixed point, which represents a unique time-periodic solution of the plasma distribution function, and the boundary between these two is a parabola.
Directed assembly of photonic crystals through simple substrate patterning
Authors: Reinhart Wesley F. , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z.
Published: January 2019

We present molecular dynamics simulations of the epitaxial growth of high quality crystalline films for photonics applications from triblock Janus colloids. With a featureless substrate, the film morphologies were qualitatively similar to previously reported experimental results, with two stacking polymorphs appearing in nearly equal proportion. However, with a patterned substrate deliberately designed to be easy to fabricate by standard photolithography techniques, both the grain size and selectivity towards the photonically active polymorph were greatly improved. We also evaluated the effect of particle flux to find that lower flux led to higher quality crystals, while higher flux led to frustrated films with smaller crystalline domains. Our results suggest that carefully engineered but simple to manufacture patterned substrates could yield self-assembled single crystals of sufficient quality to exhibit a complete photonic bandgap.
Long-term evidence of cultural agenda setting
Authors: Zakakis Nikos , Noikokyris Emmanouil , Bantimaroudis Philemon , Panagiotidis Theodore
Published: January 2019

The current study draws evidence from the Smithsonian Institution while examining a classic agenda-setting hypothesis during a
period of 30 years in relation to media attention of the Smithsonian and a behavioral index of public salience, – namely its
long-term, monthly visits. Second, it explores a larger theoretical concern often expressed by scholars in terms of the
agenda-setting function over two different eras, the analog and the digital media periods.
Measuring public opinion formation
Authors: Kowalewski Jennifer , McCombs Maxwell
Published: January 2019

For the past 50 years since the seminal agenda-setting study, scholars have continued to make strides in understanding the importance mass communication plays in public opinion formation. Although scholars have measured both first- and second-level agenda setting often using open-ended response, more close-ended measures might assist in measuring the theory, adding to the rich data. This experimental study directly compared open-ended responses shown to gauge an agenda-setting effect with close-ended responses to enhance the assessment of both first- and second-level agenda setting. The findings identified close-ended scales, including news salience, social salience, personal salience, and feelings salience, that add to the precision of measuring the salience of issues and attributes, indicating we have alternative measures to gauge agenda setting.
Semantic constraint on preposition incorporation of postverbal locative PPs in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Peck Jeeyoung , Lin Jingxia
Published: January 2019

Other than subcategorized argument locative PPs (e.g. 放在桌子上fàng zài zhuōzi-shàng‘put on the table’), the postverbal position in Modern Mandarin Chinese can only be filled by limited types of adjunct locative prepositional phrases (e.g. 跳在桌子上tiào zài zhuōzi-shàng‘jump onto the table’). Among these postverbal adjunct locative PPs, only a small set of PPs permits the incorporation of the preposition into the preceding verb to form a V-P compound (“preposition incorporation”), yielding their previous prepositional object to surface as the object of the compound verb V-P. Previous studies claim that adjunct phrases which quantize an event, such as event delimiters, may behave like arguments (“the delimiter hypothesis”). Yet, our observations find that adjunct locative PPs that are not event delimiters (e.g. directional 向xiàng/往wǎng‘toward’ PPs or non-directional 在zài‘at’ PPs) can also allow their prepositional object to appear as the verbal object. This thus calls for a modification of the widely-accepted delimiter hypothesis. We argue that the semantic characterization of the postverbal locative PPs permitting PI can be generalized as being associated with the denotation of a scalar result. Specifically, we understandresultfrom the perspective ofscale structureproposed in recent studies and argue that in addition to delimiting an event (that is, introducing a closed scale to the event from the scalar perspective), such PPs can also either add directional information (an open scale) to the event that they modify, or further specify scalar information for the event denoted by the VP. This work not only provides a unified analysis of most types of preposition incorporation that involve the postverbal locative PPs in Mandarin Chinese, but is also the first study that provides a comprehensive analysis of the scalar properties and functions of Chinese locative PPs. Our findings from the Chinese data will also contribute to the cross-linguistic semantic generalization of internal adjuncts and the domain of extended direct case assignment.
Politeness and evaluative adjectives in Italian turn-of-the-century etiquette books (1877–1914)
Authors: Paternoster Annick
Published: January 2019

This study examines evaluative adjectives and politeness evaluators in 9 popular etiquette books published in turn-of-the-century Italy between 1877–1914, with the aim to determine the values that are involved in the judgement of behaviour. Using Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005), I group positive evaluative adjectives in the following semantic sets: Normality, Capacity, Tenacity, Veracity and Politeness. Politeness comprises the subsets Conformity, Affection, Goodness and Pleasure. The paper establishes diversity and frequencies within the various lexical sets, which are used to design a conceptual map. The map shows the dominating ideological weight of etiquette and its core values of Normality and Conformity, which point towards intensely regulated behaviour in a large number of contexts.