bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Sequence-based GWAS and RNA-Seq Provides Novel Insights into the Genetic Basis of Mastitis and Milk Production in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Fang Lingzhao , Sahana Goutam , Su Guosheng , Yu Ying , Zhang Shengli , Lund Mogens Sandø , Sørensen Peter
Published: March 2017

Connecting genome-wide association study (GWAS) to biological mechanisms underlying complex traits is a major challenge. Mastitis resistance and milk production are complex traits of economic importance in the dairy sector and are associated with intra-mammary infection (IMI). Here, we integrated IMI-relevant RNA-Seq data from Holstein cattle and sequence-based GWAS data from three dairy cattle breeds (i.e., Holstein, Nordic red cattle, and Jersey) to explore the genetic basis of mastitis resistance and milk production using post-GWAS analyses and a genomic feature linear mixed model. At 24 h post-IMI, genes responsive to IMI in the mammary gland were preferentially enriched for genetic variants associated with mastitis resistance rather than milk production. Response genes in the liver were mainly enriched for variants associated with mastitis resistance at an early time point (3 h) post-IMI, whereas responsive genes at later stages were enriched for associated variants with milk production. The up- and down-regulated genes were enriched for associated variants with mastitis resistance and milk production, respectively. The patterns were consistent across breeds, indicating that different breeds shared similarities in the genetic basis of these traits. Our approaches provide a framework for integrating multiple layers of data to understand the genetic architecture underlying complex traits.
Excitonic structure and pumping power dependent emission blue-shift of type-II quantum dots
Authors: Klenovský Petr , Steindl Petr , Geffroy Dominique
Published: March 2017

In this work we study theoretically and experimentally the multi-particle structure of the so-called type-II quantum dots with spatially separated electrons and holes. Our calculations based on customarily developed full configuration interaction ap- proach reveal that exciton complexes containing holes interacting with two or more electrons exhibit fairly large antibinding energies. This effect is found to be the hallmark of the type-II confinement. In addition, an approximate self-consistent solution of the multi-exciton problem allows us to explain two pronounced phenomena: the blue-shift of the emission with pumping and the large inhomogeneous spectral broadening, both of those eluding explanation so far. The results are confirmed by detailed intensity and polarization resolved photoluminescence measurements on a number of type-II samples.
Novel conjugates of aminoadamantanes with carbazole derivatives as potential multitarget agents for AD treatment
Authors: Bachurin Sergey O. , Shevtsova Elena F. , Makhaeva Galina F. , Grigoriev Vladimir V. , Boltneva Natalia P. , Kovaleva Nadezhda V. , Lushchekina Sofya V. , Shevtsov Pavel N. , Neganova Margarita E. , Redkozubova Olga M. , Bovina Elena V. , Gabrelyan Alexey V. , Fisenko Vladimir P. , Sokolov Vladimir B. , Aksinenko Alexey Yu , Echeverria Valentina , Barreto George E. , Aliev Gjumrakch
Published: March 2017

A new group of compounds, promising for the design of original multitarget therapeutic agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases, based on conjugates of aminoadamantane and carbazole derivatives was synthesized and investigated. Compounds of these series were found to interact with a group of targets that play an important role in the development of this type of diseases. First of all, these compounds selectively inhibit butyrylcholinesterase, block NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits while maintaining the properties of MK-801 binding site blockers, exert microtubules stabilizing properties, and possess the ability to protect nerve cells from death at the calcium overload conditions. The leading compound C-2h has been shown the most promising effects on all analyzed parameters. Thus, these compounds can be regarded as promising candidates for the design of multi-target disease-modifying drugs for treatment of AD and/or similar neuropathologies.
Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus harboring TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A and TR53 mutations related to flower fields in Colombia
Authors: Alvarez-Moreno Carlos , Lavergne Rose-Anne , Hagen Ferry , Morio Florent , Meis Jacques F. , Le Pape Patrice
Published: March 2017

Resistance to triazoles in Aspergillus fumigatus has been reported in azole-naive patients in Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. This resistance has been linked to fungicide-driven mutations in the cyp51A gene and its promoter region. We investigated the presence of environmental azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains related to the use of azole fungicides in Colombia. Soil samples were collected from flower beds, flower fields and public gardens from the outskirts, suburbs and city centre of Bogotá. Out of the 86 soil samples taken, 17 (19.8%) grew A. fumigatus of whom eight (9.3%) contained 40 strains able to grow on azole-containing itraconazole and/or voriconazole supplemented media. All but one triazole-resistant strains were isolated from soil samples collected from flower fields and flower beds (39/40). Importantly, the majority had the TR46/Y121F/T289A, TR34/L98H, and TR53 molecular resistance mechanisms and one azole resistant strain had a wild-type cyp51A gene. Soil samples from flower fields and beds contained 4 azole fungicides (penconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole and tebuconazole) above the limit of detection. Our findings underline the need for extensive investigations to determine azole-resistant A. fumigatus prevalence in both clinical and environmental samples in other regions of Latin America.
Quantitative analysis of molecular partition towards lipid membranes using surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Figueira Tiago N. , Freire João M. , Cunha-Santos Catarina , Heras Montserrat , Gonçalves João , Moscona Anne , Porotto Matteo , Salomé Veiga Ana , Castanho Miguel A. R. B.
Published: March 2017

Understanding the interplay between molecules and lipid membranes is fundamental when studying cellular and biotechnological phenomena. Partition between aqueous media and lipid membranes is key to the mechanism of action of many biomolecules and drugs. Quantifying membrane partition, through adequate and robust parameters, is thus essential. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a powerful technique for studying 1:1 stoichiometric interactions but has limited application to lipid membrane partition data. We have developed and applied a novel mathematical model for SPR data treatment that enables determination of kinetic and equilibrium partition constants. The method uses two complementary fitting models for association and dissociation sensorgram data. The SPR partition data obtained for the antibody fragment F63, the HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide, and the endogenous drug kyotorphin towards POPC membranes were compared against data from independent techniques. The comprehensive kinetic and partition models were applied to the membrane interaction data of HRC4, a measles virus entry inhibitor peptide, revealing its increased affinity for, and retention in, cholesterol-rich membranes. Overall, our work extends the application of SPR beyond the realm of 1:1 stoichiometric ligand-receptor binding into a new and immense field of applications: the interaction of solutes such as biomolecules and drugs with lipids.
Cultivar-specific gene modulation in Vitis vinifera: analysis of the promoters regulating the expression of WOX transcription factors
Authors: Boccacci Paolo , Mela Anita , Pavez Mina Catalina , Chitarra Walter , Perrone Irene , Gribaudo Ivana , Gambino Giorgio
Published: March 2017

The family of Wuschel-related Homeobox (WOX) genes is a class of transcription factors involved in the early stages of embryogenesis and organ development in plants. Some of these genes have shown different transcription levels in embryogenic tissues and mature organs in two different cultivars of Vitis vinifera: ‘Chardonnay’ (CH) and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS). Therefore, we investigated the genetic basis responsible for these differences by cloning and sequencing in both the cultivars the promoter regions (~2000 bp) proximal to the transcription start site of five VvWOX genes. We then introduced these promoters into Arabidopsis thaliana for expression pattern characterisation using the GUS reporter gene. In the transgenic Arabidopsis, two promoters isolated from CS (pVvWOX13C_CS and pVvWOX6_CS) induced increased expression compared to the sequence isolated in CH, confirming the data obtained in grapevine tissues. These results were corroborated by transient expression assays using the agroinfiltration approach in grapevine somatic embryos. Truncated versions of pVvWOX13C demonstrated that few nucleotide differences between the sequences isolated from CH and CS are pivotal for the transcriptional regulation of VvWOX13C. Analysis of promoters using heterologous and homologous systems appear to be effective for exploring gene modulation linked with intervarietal sequence variation in grapevine.
Identifying large-scale patterns of unpredictability and response to insolation in atmospheric data
Authors: Arizmendi Fernando , Barreiro Marcelo , Masoller Cristina
Published: March 2017

Understanding the complex dynamics of the atmosphere is of paramount interest due to its impact in the entire climate system and in human society. Here we focus on identifying, from data, the geographical regions which have similar atmospheric properties. We study surface air temperature (SAT) time series with monthly resolution, recorded at a regular grid covering the Earth surface. We consider two datasets: NCEP CDAS1 and ERA Interim reanalysis. We show that two surprisingly simple measures are able to extract meaningful information: i) the distance between the lagged SAT and the incoming solar radiation and ii) the Shannon entropy of SAT and SAT anomalies. The distance uncovers well-defined spatial patterns formed by regions with similar SAT response to solar forcing while the entropy uncovers regions with similar degree of SAT unpredictability. The entropy analysis also allows identifying regions in which SAT has extreme values. Importantly, we uncover differences between the two datasets which are due to the presence of extreme values in one dataset but not in the other. Our results indicate that the distance and entropy measures can be valuable tools for the study of other climatological variables, for anomaly detection and for performing model inter-comparisons.
Systematic comparison of the response properties of protein and RNA mediated gene regulatory motifs
Authors: Iyengar Bharat Ravi , Pillai Beena , Venkatesh K. V. , Gadgil Chetan J.
Published: March 2017

Dissection of the effect of motif structure, controller, and regulation mode identifies properties common across motifs, and others dependent more on controller nature.
Rapid hydrogel repair utilizing microgel architectures
Authors: Asoh Taka-Aki , Kinoshita Hisayoshi , Shoji Tatsuya , Kikuchi Akihiko , Tsuboi Yasuyuki
Published: March 2017

We demonstrated a do-it-yourself method for the repair of broken hydrogels using microgel architectures, which were prepared by the adhesion of oppositely charged microgels.
M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and angiogenesis on nanotubular TiO2 surfaces
Authors: Wang Jie , Qian Shi , Liu Xuanyong , Xu Lianyi , Miao Xinchao , Xu Zhenyao , Cao Lingyan , Wang Honglin , Jiang Xinquan
Published: March 2017

The homogeneous nanotubular surface regulates macrophage polarization for improving osseointegration.
Mesoporous iron-carboxylate metal–organic frameworks synthesized by the double-template method as a nanocarrier platform for intratumoral drug delivery
Authors: Wu Zhengfei , Hao Na , Zhang Hai , Guo Zhaoyuan , Liu Rong , He Bin , Li Sai
Published: March 2017

The DOX-loaded mesoMOFs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy and low side effects in local chemotherapy.
Pyrazolates advance cerium chemistry: a CeIII/CeIV redox equilibrium with benzoquinone
Authors: Werner Daniel , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. , Anwander Reiner
Published: March 2017

Homoleptic CeIV and CeIII 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate (L) complexes react with 1,4-hydroquinone (H2hq) and 1,4-benzoquinone (bq), respectively, to form a new O2N2 diolato ligand (phcd) by means of a CeIII/CeIV redox equilibrium.
A controlled red phosphorus@Ni–P core@shell nanostructure as an ultralong cycle-life and superior high-rate anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Shuai , Feng Jinkui , Bian Xiufang , Liu Jie , Xu Hui , An Yongling
Published: March 2017

We have demonstrated a controlled amorphous red phosphorus@Ni–P core@shell nanostructure as an ultralong cycle-life and superior high-rate anode for SIBs through combining electroless deposition with chemical dealloying.
Unraveling compositional effects on the light-induced oxygen evolution in Bi(V–Mo–X)O4 material libraries
Authors: Gutkowski R. , Khare C. , Conzuelo F. , Kayran Y. U. , Ludwig A. , Schuhmann W.
Published: March 2017

The influence of elements Mo and W on the PEC response of BiVO4 based thin films is visualized concerning the photocurrent and in situ detection of locally evolved O2 at a photoabsorber.
Optimisation of processing solvent and molecular weight for the production of green-solvent-processed all-polymer solar cells with a power conversion efficiency over 9%
Authors: Fan Baobing , Ying Lei , Wang Zhenfeng , He Baitian , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: March 2017

By processing PTzBI:N2200 blends with green solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, all-PSCs with a power conversion efficiency over 9% can be achieved.
Evaluation of de novo-designed coiled coils as off-the-shelf components for protein assembly
Authors: Cristie-David Ajitha S. , Sciore Aaron , Badieyan Somayesadat , Escheweiler Joseph D. , Koldewey Philipp , Bardwell James C. A. , Ruotolo Brandon T. , Marsh E. Neil G.
Published: March 2017

Coiled coils are effective at oligomerizing larger proteins, but oligomerization states may change unless care is taken to optimize design.
The same and not the same: molecular perovskites and their solid-state analogues
Authors: Kieslich Gregor , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: March 2017

We review the crystal chemistry and physics of molecular perovskites, drawing on topical examples of the recent literature.
Iron-catalyzed or iodine-induced intramolecular halocyclization of N-vinyl-tethered methylenecyclopropanes: facile access to halogenated 1,2-dihydroquinolines
Authors: Wang Qiang , Jiang Bo , Yu Liu-Zhu , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: March 2017

Iron(iii) catalyst or I2 acts as a Lewis acid to activate enamines, affording the corresponding halogenated 1,2-dihydroquinolines in good yields.
One-pot synthesis of multi-functional magnetite–polysilsesquioxane hybrid nanoparticles for the selective Fe3+ and some heavy metal ions adsorption
Authors: Nagappan Saravanan , Ha Hyung Min , Park Sung Soo , Jo Nam-Ju , Ha Chang-Sik
Published: March 2017

Multi-functional magnetite–polysilsesquioxane (PSSQ) hybrid nanoparticles were synthesised in a one-pot approach using ferrous and ferric chlorides and various silane monomers by coprecipitation followed by a surface grafting method.
Improved interface of ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 by a dynamic spin-coating process for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Feng , Kang Dong-Won , Kim Yong-Sang
Published: March 2017

We report a possible mechanism to cause poor performance and a novel dynamic spin-coating process for efficient perovskite solar cells.
Luminescence emission-modulated based on specific two-photon compound of triazole-conjugated pyrene derivative
Authors: Liu Huiying , Wang Lei , Wu Yishi , Liao Qing
Published: March 2017

A two-photon absorption compound based on triazole-conjugated pyrene derivative was synthesized, and its tunable emission was investigated.
Safety assessment in development and operation of modular continuous-flow processes
Authors: Kockmann Norbert , Thenée Philipp , Fleischer-Trebes Christoph , Laudadio Gabriele , Noël Timothy
Published: March 2017

Improved safety is one of the main drivers for microreactor application in chemical process development and small-scale production.
Copper light-catching electrodes for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Pereira H. Jessica , Hutter Oliver S. , Dabera G. Dinesha M. R. , Rochford Luke A. , Hatton Ross. A.
Published: March 2017

Plasmon-active optically thin copper films catch red light and transfer the energy to the photoactive layer in organic photovoltaic devices.
Graphene oxide/core–shell structured metal–organic framework nano-sandwiches and their derived cobalt/N-doped carbon nanosheets for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Wei Jing , Hu Yaoxin , Liang Yan , Kong Biao , Zheng Zhanfeng , Zhang Jin , Jiang San Ping , Zhao Yongxi , Wang Huanting
Published: March 2017

A metal–organic framework (MOF) seed-mediated deposition route is developed to synthesize graphene oxide/core–shell structured MOF nano-sandwiches.
Reusable CoxNi1−x dye adsorbents as supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Sun Haiming , Yang Xijia , Zhang Lishu , Zhao Lijun , Lian Jianshe
Published: March 2017

A strategy to fabricate an electrode material by sintering a dye sludge consisting of a CoNi adsorbent with Congo Red under a N2 atmosphere.
Synthesis of ultra-small carbon nanospheres (<50 nm) with uniform tunable sizes by a convenient catalytic emulsion polymerization strategy: superior supercapacitive and sorption performance
Authors: Tiwari Vimal K. , Chen Zhe , Gao Fan , Gu Zhiyong , Sun Xueliang , Ye Zhibin
Published: March 2017

Ultra-small carbon nanospheres with uniform tunable sizes (10–38 nm) have been synthesized and their superior supercapacitive and sorption properties demonstrated.
Indocyanine green-functionalized bottle brushes of poly(2-oxazoline) on cellulose nanocrystals for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Hou Liman , Fang Jianyong , Wang Weiqi , Xie Zhigang , Dong Dewen , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2017

Bottle brushes of poly(2-oxazoline) on CNCsviaUV-induced photopolymerization and living cationic ring-opening polymerization are demonstrated for efficient photothermal therapy.
Vapor-phase synthesis of sub-15 nm hybrid gate dielectrics for organic thin film transistors
Authors: Seong Hyejeong , Choi Junhwan , Kim Bong Jun , Park Hongkeun , Im Sung Gap
Published: March 2017

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) have been extensively investigated for next-generation electronic devices.
Enhancement of guest-responsivity by mesocrystallization of porous coordination polymers
Authors: Mishima Akio , Koshiyama Tomomi , Real Jose A. , Ohba Masaaki
Published: March 2017

Guest-responsivity accompanying spin-state change of a porous coordination polymer was enhanced by mesocrystallization in both solid and aqueous suspension states.
A structural and functional analogue of a Bowman–Birk-type protease inhibitor from Odorrana schmackeri
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Long Qilin , Xu Ying , Guo Shaodong , Chen Tianbao , Wang Lei , Zhou Mei , Zhang Yingqi , Shaw Chris , Walker Brian
Published: March 2017

Frog skin secretions contain complex peptidomes and peptidic protease inhibitors that are one of the biologically and structurally described groups of components. In the present study, by use of molecular ‘shotgun’ cloning and LC MS/MS fractionation sequencing, a novel Bowman–Birk-type heptadecapeptide (AALKGCWTKSIPPKPCF-amide), named Odorrana schmackeriTrypsin Inhibitor (OSTI), with a canonical Cys6–Cys16 disulfide bridge, was isolated and identified in piebald odorous frog (O. schmackeri) skin secretion. A synthetic replicate of OSTI-exhibited trypsin inhibitory activity with a Ki value of 0.3 ± 0.04 nM and also a tryptase inhibitory effect with a Ki of 2.5 ± 0.6 μM. This is the first time that this property has been reported for a peptide originating from amphibian sources. In addition, substituting lysine (K) with phenylalanine (F) at the presumed P1 position, completely abrogated the trypsin and tryptase inhibition, but produced a strong chymotrypsin inhibition with a Ki of 1.0 ± 0.1 μM. Thus, the specificity of this peptidic protease inhibitor could be optimized through modifying the amino acid residue at the presumed P1 position and this novel native OSTI, along with its analogue, [Phe9]-OSTI, have expanded the potential drug discovery and development pipeline directed towards alleviation of serine protease-mediated pathologies.
Removal of Cr(VI) from solution by free and immobilised spores of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Ren Binqiao , Wang Jingyao , Zhang Weijun , Kan Kan , Zhao Luyang , Song Xiaoxiao , Cui Chongwei
Published: March 2017

Despite the current interest in microbial methods for the detoxification of effluents, relatively little work has focused on the characterisation of metal uptake by small Aspergillus niger spores, particularly for heavy metals present at different and low concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of A. niger spores (free spores and as immobilised biosorbent) to remove toxic metals from an industrial wastewater as a batch system. The simultaneous influences of the mass of pH and biomass on the ability of spores to uptake of Cr(VI) were analysed. The free and immobilised biosorbent removed Cr(VI) efficiently with a maximum metal removal capacity of 55 and 40 mg/g, respectively. The biosorption mechanism was also investigated using Fourier transfer infrared and scanning electron microscopy. Immobilised spores of A. niger were more stable in solutions at different pH levels and allowed easier separation from aqueous solution than free spores, suggesting significant potential for future industrial application.
Point-of-Care Testing in Liver Disease and Liver Surgery
Authors: Abeysundara Lasitha , Mallett Susan , Clevenger Ben
Published: March 2017

The alterations in coagulation and hemostasis that accompany liver disease are complex, and while patients with this disease have traditionally been perceived as having a bleeding diathesis, it is now understood that in stable patients hemostasis is “re-balanced.” Hepatic surgery, and particularly liver transplantation, can be associated with large fluid shifts, massive bleeding, and coagulopathy, as well as postoperative thrombosis. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) of coagulation facilitate goal-directed treatments and hemostatic monitoring in dynamic environments where the coagulation status can alter rapidly and often unpredictably. POCTs reflect more accurately the re-balanced hemostatic system than do conventional coagulation tests (CCTs). Viscoelastic POCT-guided transfusion algorithms permit a reduction in blood product administration and are a key component of patient blood management programs. Moreover, viscoelastic POCTs are better able to identify patients with hypercoagulability than CCTs. With thrombosis increasingly recognized to be a problem in patients with liver disease, POCTs hold promise for both individualized bleeding and thrombosis management.
Influence of Body Image in Women Undergoing Treatment for Breast Cancer
Authors: Freitas-Junior Ruffo , Prates Mariana Ferreira Oliveira , Veloso Márcia de Faria , Barros Norami de Moura , Prates Ana Carolina Lagos
Published: March 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the self-esteem of women with and without breast cancer regarding their body image.

Methods A quantitative, case-control study in which 90 women with breast cancer were evaluated in the case group, and 77 women without breast cancer in the control group. For data collection, the body satisfaction scale (BSS), a scale adapted and validated in Brazil, and the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire were used. For the statistical analysis of the data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (IBM-SPSS, Chicago, Il, US), version 16.0 was used.

Results Compared with the women without breast cancer, those with breast cancer were more dissatisfied with body image related to appearance. Women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more dissatisfied with their appearance compared with those with cancer who were not undergoing this treatment. Mastectomy also accounted for more dissatisfaction concerning appearance among women who underwent the procedure compared with the women who were submitted to breast-conserving therapy.

Conclusion Women with breast cancer were more dissatisfied with their body image compared with those without breast cancer, particularly following mastectomy or during chemotherapy. The self-esteem was found to be negatively affected in patients who were dissatisfied with their body image.
Optimal conditions for laser-induced heating of a double-shell spherical nanocapsule
Authors: Geints Yu. E. , Zemlyanov A. A.
Published: March 2017

By virtue of the finite element method, the numerical simulations of the temperature field near a poly-layer spherical nanoparticle exposed to a pulsed optical radiation are carried out. Such particles model the double-shell nanocapsules with an aqueous core and composite light absorbing SiO2/TiO2 shells used in various biomedical and chemical applications. For the first time to our knowledge, we study in detail the spatial distribution of absorbed light power inside the double-shell nanocapsules as well as the heating dynamics by varying particle absorbance and laser irradiation time interval. We show that the maximal achievable temperature inside a nanocapsule could be increased by shortening the laser pulse and simultaneously tuning particle absorption, which determines the amplitude and spatial localization of the internal heat sources.
Evaluating and comparing profitability of bulk storage systems in unit commitment and optimal power flow operation frameworks
Authors: Hemmati Reza , Saboori Hedayat , Dehghan Shahab , Ghiasi Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh
Published: March 2017

An energy storage system (ESS) is a promising tool for improving the power system's technical and economical functionalities. This device possesses diverse applications in terms of system operation and planning. One of the main applications of the ESS in the power system operation, specially a large scale unit, is defined as load leveling. To this end, in the literature, various ESS models are integrated into two main power system operation frameworks, i.e., optimal power flow (OPF) and unit commitment (UC). But the question is that in which framework the obtained benefit from the load leveling by ESS is maximum and why. In other words, should ESS units schedule before generating unit commitment (UC) or after OPF and how. In this context, this paper performs three works. First, it proposes OPF and UC frameworks integrated with large scale ESS units. Second, the proposed models are implemented with identical parameters. Third, the obtained results are considered with respect to various outcomes, especially operation cost. This study is implemented on an IEEE 24 bus RTS system. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with respect to various parameters, and relevant conclusions are drawn based on the results.
Dynamic diffraction effects and coherent breathing oscillations in ultrafast electron diffraction in layered 1T-TaSeTe
Authors: Wei Linlin , Sun Shuaishuai , Guo Cong , Li Zhongwen , Sun Kai , Liu Yu , Lu Wenjian , Sun Yuping , Tian Huanfang , Yang Huaixin , Li Jianqi
Published: March 2017

Anisotropic lattice movements due to the difference between intralayer and interlayer bonding are observed in the layered transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaSeTe following femtosecond laser pulse excitation. Our ultrafast electron diffraction investigations using 4D-transmission electron microscopy (4D-TEM) clearly reveal that the intensity of Bragg reflection spots often changes remarkably due to the dynamic diffraction effects and anisotropic lattice movement. Importantly, the temporal diffracted intensity from a specific crystallographic plane depends on the deviation parameter s, which is commonly used in the theoretical study of diffraction intensity. Herein, we report on lattice thermalization and structural oscillations in layered 1T-TaSeTe, analyzed by dynamic diffraction theory. Ultrafast alterations of satellite spots arising from the charge density wave in the present system are also briefly discussed.
A DNA barcode database of Australia’s freshwater macroinvertebrate fauna
Authors: Carew M. E. , Nichols S. J. , Batovska J. , St Clair R. , Murphy N. P. , Blacket M. J. , Shackleton M. E.
Published: March 2017

Macroinvertebrates are widely used for monitoring freshwater ecosystems. In most monitoring programs, identifications take substantial time and expense. Methods that improve the speed, accuracy and cost-effectiveness of macroinvertebrate identification would benefit such programs. Increasingly, DNA barcodes are being used to provide accurate species-level identifications and have the potential to change how macroinvertebrates are routinely identified. Herein we discuss the need for DNA barcodes of freshwater macroinvertebrates with particular reference to Australia. We examine the use of DNA barcodes for species identification and compare DNA barcoding efforts of macroinvertebrates from Australia with those globally. We consider the role of high-throughput sequencing of DNA barcodes in freshwater bioassessment and its potential use in biosurveillance. Finally, we outline a strategy for developing a comprehensive national DNA barcode database for Australian freshwater macroinvertebrates and present the initial efforts in creating this database.
Cryopreservation of saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) spermatozoa
Authors: Johnston S. D. , Qualischefski E. , Cooper J. , McLeod R. , Lever J. , Nixon B. , Anderson A. L. , Hobbs R. , Gosálvez J. , López-Fernández C. , Keeley T.
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to develop a protocol for the successful cryopreservation of Saltwater crocodile spermatozoa. Sperm cells were frozen above liquid nitrogen vapour in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing either 0.3 M trehalose, 0.3 M raffinose or 0.3 M sucrose and compared with glycerol (0.3–2.7 M). Although the highest levels of mean post-thaw motility were observed following cryopreservation in 0.3 M trehalose (7.6%) and 0.3 M sucrose (7.3%), plasma membrane integrity (PI) was best following cryopreservation in 2.7 M glycerol (52.5%). A pilot study then assessed the cytotoxicity of glycerol and sucrose prior to cryopreservation and revealed no loss of survival when spermatozoa were diluted in 0.68 M glycerol or 0.2–0.3 M sucrose once cryoprotectants were washed out with PBS or Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham medium containing sperm capacitation agents (BWWCAP). A final study refined the combined use of permeating (0.68 or 1.35 M glycerol) and non-permeating (0.2 or 0.3 M sucrose) cryoprotectants. Spermatozoa were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen vapour at rates of approximately −21°C min−1 (fast freeze) or −6.0°C min−1 (slow freeze). Post-thaw survival was highest with a combination of 0.2 M sucrose and 0.68 M glycerol and when these cryoprotectants were washed out with BWWCAP, regardless of whether spermatozoa were frozen using a fast (motility 14.2 ± 4.7%; PI 20.7 ± 2.0%) or slow (motility 12.0 ± 2.7%; PI 22 ± 4%) cryopreservation rate.
Inferring the purpose of a prior query and responding accordingly
Authors: Pomerantz Anita
Published: March 2017

The paper analyzes how recipients infer the purpose of a prior query. While such inferences are not directly observable, analyzing responses to queries sheds light on ways in which recipients likely understood them. The paper identifies three types of sequences in which recipients respond to the inferred purpose of the prior query. To infer a purpose of a query, recipients draw on the form of the query, the immediately prior interaction, and assumedly shared knowledge about the current situation. It concludes with a discussion of the relationship between inferring the purpose of a prior query and participants’ pervasively addressing the question ‘why that now’.
Interactional uses of acknowledgment tokens
Authors: Oh Sun-Young , Park Yong-Yae
Published: March 2017

In this article we explore the situated meanings of two acknowledgment tokens, ung and e, in Korean conversations. We demonstrate how ung and e, which may seem interchangeable at first sight, can actually be deployed for distinct interactional functions by marking different interactional orientations the speaker has toward the turn-so-far. Specifically, ung is used as a typical continuer that treats the turn-so-far as an in-progress multi-unit turn, whereas e is used to provide the speaker’s appreciation which has been made relevant by the turn-so-far, e.g., in response to the prior assessment, the newsworthiness of the preceding talk, or particularly emphasized telling. This article thus adds evidence that acknowledgment tokens do not behave in interaction as an undifferentiated class.
Opening up closings in Russian
Authors: Bolden Galina B.
Published: March 2017

Taking its inspiration in “Opening Up Closings” by Schegloff and Sacks (1973), the chapter investigates how the activity of closing a conversation is initiated in Russian telephone conversations. Two distinct practices for initiating closings – tacit and explicit closings initiations – are examined, in terms of their lexical and prosodic composition and their position. Conversation closings may be launched tacitly when a closing implicative environment has been established. Prosody plays an important role both in establishing a closing-implicative environment and in accomplishing a move into closings. Closings may also be initiated explicitly (via a request or offer to end the conversation) when a closing-relevant environment has not been established or in order to accomplish additional relationship-reaffirming work.
Particles and epistemics
Authors: Wu Ruey-Jiuan Regina , Heritage John
Published: March 2017

This chapter examines three particles that have epistemic functions in English and Mandarin: turn-initial ‘oh’ in English, turn-initial ‘ou’ in Mandarin, and turn-final ‘a’ in Mandarin. It is argued that while ou and oh converge in registering a ‘change of state’ of information, orientation or awareness, turn-final a is used to register a contrast between oneself and an interlocutor, which often implicates, and reflexively embodies, the speaker’s pre-existing knowledge, perspective, expectation or experience in relation to the matter at issue. This “contrast-invoking” usage of turn-final ‘a’ can be mobilized to problematize the action of the previous speaker by marking it as counter to the speaker’s expectation, thus converging with oh-prefacing in this particular interactional usage despite their normal functional divide. The chapter ends with a consideration of putatively universal pragmatic needs that are carried out using distinctive resources, and a distinctive division of labor among resources, in the two languages.
On the practical re-intentionalization of body behavior
Authors: Lerner Gene H. , Raymond Geoffrey
Published: March 2017

Body behavior can be both observable and recognizable as realizing a particular action in interaction with others. In addition, participants have a range of ways to conspicuously adjust their actions to coordinate or synchronize their actions with others. For instance, there are methods to suspend or abandon handing off an object to another and methods to suspend or abandon pointing at an object in preparing to request it. In addition to such conspicuous action adjustments, participants sometimes employ more or less covert methods of suspension and abandonment that seem to be aimed at pivoting from the originally begun action into another action so that the ensuing action appears to be what they were doing all along. These are, in effect, practices aimed at re-intentionalizing action in interaction.
Living with Manny’s dangerous idea
Authors: Levinson Stephen C.
Published: March 2017

Daniel Dennett, in Darwin’s Dangerous Idea, argues that natural selection is a universal acid that eats through other theories, because it can explain just about everything, even the structure of the mind. Emanuel (Manny) Schegloff (1987) in ‘Between Micro and Macro: Context and Other Connections’ opposes the importation of ‘macro’ (sociological/sociolinguistic) factors into the ‘micro’ (interaction analysis), suggesting that one might reverse the strategy instead. Like Darwin, he is coy about whether he just wants his own turf, but the idea opens up the possibility of interactional reductionism. I will argue against interactional reductionism on methodological grounds: Don’t bite off more than you can chew! Instead I’ll support the good old Durkheimian strategy of looking for intermediate variables between systems of different orders. I try and make the case with data from Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea.
The Delinquent and Habitual Offender
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott summarizes his observations on the psychology of anti-social behaviour.
The Psychology of Juvenile Rheumatism
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay Winnicott discusses psychological states that may pre-dispose a child to one or other form of rheumatic fever, psychological changes secondary to acute or sub-acute rheumatic fever, and psychological states that resemble in their symptomatology some form of rheumatic fever. Psychoanalysis as a treatment of pain is also briefly discussed.
Letter to Kate Friedlander
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to Kate Friedlander, Winnicott discusses uncertainty in the war.
Review: The Nursing Couple
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In his review of M. P. Middlemore’s The Nursing Couple, Winnicott praises her detailed description of the mother-child relationship.
Memorandum on ‘The Relationship Between Clinical Paediatrics and Child Psychology’
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this memorandum, Winnicott questions whether paediatricians realise the extent and importance of newly emerging psychological knowledge as it affects childhood diseases. This leads to a suggestion that research grants should be offered to paediatricians to explore the psychological knowledge and existing organisations in the field of child-medical psychology. He stresses the importance of disorders of emotional development in childhood.
Letter to The Lancet
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this unpublished letter to The Lancet on leucotomy, Winnicott addresses works by authors writing about this popular surgical procedure, holding that surgery is a drastic step to take in the face of this uncertainty about the causes of some mental disorders.
Letter to the British Medical Journal
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to the British Medical Journal on responsibility and freedom, Winnicott discusses the role of the state and personal medicine as it pertains to what would later be called socialized medicine.
A Tendency in Therapeutics
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott deals with the theory that mental illnesses are disorders of emotional development and that there is no sharp line between mental health and mental illness. He stresses the importance of medical students being informed correctly about the relation of mental illness—both neurosis and psychosis—to normal emotional development. Winnicott states his belief that the best trend in modern psychiatry is inviting mentally ill people to ask for mental hospital treatment early in their illness.
The Problem of Homeless Children with Clare Britton
Authors: Winnicott Donald W. , Britton Clare
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott deals with the setting-up of evacuation hostels for children who could not settle in billets provided during World War II and how the experience of these evacuation hostels could be used to develop similar hostels for children left displaced and homeless because of the war in Europe.
Letter to Clare Britton
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

An extract of a letter from Winnicott to Clare Britton, whom he would marry in 1951, on Winnicott’s own transitional objects in his very early life.
Review: The Infancy of Speech and the Speech of Infancy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review of Leopold Stein’s The Infancy of Speech and the Speech of Infancy, Winnicott states that the author demonstrates man’s activities from early Palaeolithic times, under the guidance of archaeological findings, to depict the sociopsychological traits of successive racial groups and their languages as embedded in their attitudes.
Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In these notes, distributed prior to the first presentation of this paper, Winnicott introduces his concepts of the transitional object and transitional phenomena. Winnicott starts by examining the first ‘not-me’ possession of the infant, and the wide variations in the infant’s relationship to this possession. Winnicott defines a transitional object as hallucination taken for granted because of the immaturity of the infant, and ‘transition’ to be a transition from one kind of experience to another. The phenomena occur at times of anxiety, at which time an object becomes vitally important for the infant for use in its defence. Sometimes there is no transitional object except the mother herself. Winnicott summarizes the qualities of the object: among other things, that the infant assumes rights over it, that it is cuddled and mutilated, that it must never change, and that its fate is to be gradually decathected. Winnicott discusses these phenomena in relation to tension around the gratification of instincts, the pleasure-pain principle, introjection and projection, symbol formation, and the depressive position. He states that only if there are good internal objects can the infant use transitional objects, which are intermediate between internal and external. He provides several clinical examples and a list of his references, including quotations.
Review: Jealousy in Children
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this review of E. Ziman’s Jealousy in Children, Winnicott states that the book is mostly descriptive and suitable for parents. It is based on a discussion only of jealousy, not on emotional development as a whole.
Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the interstices between illusion and reality and their importance in emotional development. Some soft object or equivalent is often found and used by an infant, and becomes what Winnicott calls a transitional object. Transitional objects involve the nature of the object, the infant’s capacity to recognize the object as ‘not-me’, to create, think up, devise, originate, produce ‘an object’ and to initiate an affectionate type of object relationship with it, based on the earliest one with the mother or carer. When basic symbolism is employed the infant is already distinguishing between fantasy and fact, between inner objects and external objects, between primary creativity and perception. The transitional object is not an internal object (a mental concept)—it is a possession. The infant can employ a transitional object when the internal object is alive and real and good enough. But this internal object depends on the existence and aliveness and behaviour of the external object (breast, mother figure, general environmental care). The transitional object is never under magical control like the internal object, nor is it outside control as the real mother is. Transitional objects belong to the realm of illusion, which is at the basis of initiation of experience. An infant’s transitional object ordinarily becomes gradually decathected as cultural interests develop.
Paediatrics and Childhood Neurosis
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott discusses his view of neurosis as unconscious conflict, as anxiety arising from the violent conflicts between unconscious fantasy and the child’s inner reality. Neurosis relates to the instinctual life of the child. Fantasy is the imaginative elaboration of physical function whose arrival produces new problems at puberty. He discusses the roots of neurosis in the child’s earliest relationships and again emphasises the importance of paediatric training for child psychologists.
Letter to J. Peter M. Tizard
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to Peter Tizard, Winnicott discusses the debate over whether mothers should have babies at home or in hospital in regard to both the psychological and physical health of the mother.
Letter to Francesca Bion
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to Francesca Bion, wife of Wilfred R. Bion, Winnicott apologises that he did not get a chance to speak to her at a BPAS meeting. He admits his embarrassment at having slept through Dr Bion’s paper ‘On Arrogance’ and hopes Bion will lend him a copy. He expresses his view of the difficulty and also the importance of Bion’s work, despite Pearl King’s views.
Advising Parents
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this essay, Winnicott discuss the difference between the treatment of disease and the giving of advice about life, the need to contain the problem rather than try to offer a solution, and the professional interview, especially as these pertain to the paediatrician. He expresses his belief that the more the practitioner can accept limits, the more he can be taught by his clients and the less he will feel inclined to give advice.
Psychogenesis of a Beating Fantasy
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Freud’s paper ‘A Child Is Being Beaten’ brought the subject of the beating fantasy, as a clinical phenomenon, into focus. Winnicott refers to clinical material of his own and suggests in this case that throughout this analysis the patient’s relationship to the mother’s repressed unconscious has been important. He also sees the patient’s relationship to the mother as an organisation of defences against anxiety.
The First Year of Life
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

Winnicott makes a short study of the first year of life for the infant, in particular his emotional development. He considers that the emotional dependence of the infant, on the mother at the start of life, means that the mother must adapt almost exactly to the infant’s needs so that the infant personality develops without distortion. In healthy development with the mother’s care, the infant can slowly become a whole person, and not just a bundle of instincts striving for satisfaction. The infant’s pattern of care can, if good enough, prevent its compliance with the environment (the mother and all she offers) and allow for spontaneity and creativity. Affectionate relationships can then develop between baby and mother.
Letter to Marianne Baumann
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to Marianne Baumann, Winnicott suggests speakers for a planned conference, and mentions his own new book of Collected Papers.
Letter to R. D. Laing
Authors: Winnicott Donald W.
Published: March 2017

In this letter to R. D. Laing, Winnicott expresses his enthusiasm about Laing’s book, which deals with the analysis of patients in paranoid states.