bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic disorder of Drosophila melanogaster hormone receptor 38 N‐terminal domain
Authors: Dziedzic‐Letka Agnieszka , Rymarczyk Grzegorz , Kapłon Tomasz M. , Górecki Andrzej , Szamborska‐Gbur Agnieszka , Wojtas Magdalena , Dobryszycki Piotr , Ożyhar Andrzej
Published: September 2010

Drosophila hormone receptor 38 (dHR38), an ortholog of the vertebrate NR4A subclass of nuclear receptors, responds to ecdysteroids, which mediate developmental transitions during the Drosophila life cycle. However, this response is independent of the ecdysteroid receptor, and it does not involve binding of ecdysteroids to dHR38. It has been suggested that ecdysteroids may indirectly activate dHR38, perhaps by recruiting specific proteins. There have been recent reports pointing out the decisive role that nuclear receptor N‐terminal domains (NTDs) have in protein–protein interactions that are important for regulation of gene expression. It is reasonable to assume that dHR38‐NTD may also be involved in some protein–protein interactions that are critical for the ecdysteroid signaling pathway. To facilitate the exploration of the molecular basis of these interactions, we developed and optimized a protocol for the efficient expression and purification of the recombinant dHR38‐NTD. Using a diverse array of biochemical and biophysical methods, we carried out the first structural characterization of dHR38‐NTD. The results of our study indicate that dHR38‐NTD exhibits a characteristic reminiscent of pre‐molten globule‐like intrinsically disordered proteins existing in a partially unfolded conformation with regions of secondary structures. The dHR38‐NTD structure, which apparently comprises some local, ordered, tertiary structure clusters, is pliable and can adopt more ordered conformations in response to changes in environmental conditions. Thus, dHR38‐NTD, which exhibits the structural and functional characteristic of a pre‐molten globule‐like intrinsically disordered protein, could serve as a platform for multiple protein–protein interactions, possibly including interactions with proteins involved in an unusual ecdysteroid signaling pathway. Proteins 2011.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The biological role of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) in growth and feeding behavior in juvenile fish
Authors: Lugo Juana Maria , Oliva Aymé , Morales Antonio , Reyes Osvaldo , Garay Hilda Elisa , Herrera Fidel , Cabrales Ania , Pérez Ever , Estrada Mario Pablo
Published: September 2010

To date, many technologies have been developed to increase efficiency in aquaculture, but very few successful biotechnology molecules have arrived on the market. In this context, marine biotechnology has an opportunity to develop products to improve the output of fish in aquaculture. Published in vivo studies on the action of the pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) in fish are scarce. Recently, our group, for the first time, demonstrated the biological role of this neuropeptide administrated by immersion baths in the growth and development of larval fish. In this work, we have evaluated the effects of recombinant Clarias gariepinus PACAP administration by intraperitoneal injection on growth performance and feeding behavior in juvenile fish. Our results showed the physiological role of this peptide for growth control in fish, including the juvenile stage, and confirm that its biological functions are well conserved in fish, since C. gariepinus PACAP stimulated growth in juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In addition, we have observed that the growth‐promoting effect of PACAP in juvenile tilapia was correlated with higher GH concentration in serum. With regard to the neuroendocrine regulation of growth control by PACAP, it was demonstrated that PACAP stimulates food intake in juvenile tilapia. In general, PACAP appears to act in the regulation of the growth control in juvenile fish. These findings propose that PACAP is a prominent target with the potential to stimulate fish growth in aquaculture. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemMatrix® for complex peptides and combinatorial chemistry
Authors: García‐Ramos Yésica , Paradís‐Bas Marta , Tulla‐Puche Judit , Albericio Fernando
Published: September 2010

CM resin is a totally PEG‐based resin, made exclusively from primary ether bonds and therefore highly chemically stable. Compared to other PEG resins, it exhibits good loading and is user friendly because of its free‐flowing form upon drying. It shows improved performance over PS resins for the preparation of hydrophobic, highly structured poly‐Arg peptides. In combination with ψPros, it allows the synthesis of small proteins such as the chemokine RANTES. Like other PEG‐based resins, CM resin swells well in biocompatible solvents such as water, thereby allowing on‐bead screening. Furthermore, the high loading of this resin permits the use of a tiny quarter of a bead as a microreactor for HPLC and MALDI‐TOF analysis, thus further extending its applications in the field of combinatorial chemistry. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Fmoc‐based solid‐phase synthesis of homologous peptide fragments of human and mouse prion proteins
Authors: Grillo‐Bosch Dolors , Rabanal Francesc , Giralt Ernest
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of difficult peptide sequences has been a challenge since the very beginning of SPPS. The self‐assembly of the growing peptide chains has been proposed as one of the causes of this synthetic problem. However, there is an increasing need to obtain peptides and proteins that are prone to aggregate. These peptides and proteins are generally associated with diseases known as amyloidoses. We present an efficient SPPS of two homologous peptide fragments of HuPrP (106–126) and MoPrP105–125 based on the use of the PEGA resin combined with proper coupling approaches. These peptide fragments were also studied by CD and TEM to determine their ability to aggregate. On the basis of these results, we support PEG‐based resins as an efficient synthetic tool to prepare peptide sequences prone to aggregate on‐resin. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐dependent density functional study on the excitation spectrum of point defects in semiconductors
Authors: Gali Adam
Published: September 2010

A common fingerprint of the electrically active point defects in semiconductors is the transition between their localized defect states upon excitation, which may result in characteristic absorption or photoluminescence spectrum. While density functional calculations have been very successful in exploring the ground‐state properties like formation energies or hyperfine tensors the density functional theory (DFT), in principle, is not capable of providing reliable excitation spectrum. Time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT, however, addresses this issue which makes possible to study the properties of point defects associated with their excited states. In this paper, we apply the TD‐DFT on two characteristic examples: the well‐known nitrogen‐vacancy defect in diamond and the less known divacancy in silicon carbide. The former defect is a leading candidate in solid state quantum bit applications where detailed knowledge about the excitation spectrum is extremely important. The excitation property of divacancy will be also studied and its relevance in different applications will be discussed.
Preparation and specific properties of single crystalline metallic nanowires
Authors: Hassel Achim Walter , Bello‐Rodriguez Belen , Smith Andrew Jonathan , Chen Ying , Milenkovic Srdjan
Published: September 2010

Directional solidification of eutectics is a route to produce iso‐oriented metallic single crystalline nanowires (NWs). Etching or electrochemical oxidation allows selective dissolution of either of the phases to produce NW arrays, isolated NWs, nanopore arrays and also derived structures by combining various process steps.

A good understanding of the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the phase transformation and chemical reactions including electrodissolution, passivation, selective etching, complexing of reaction products and electrodeposition in the systems NiAl–X (X = Re, W, Mo), Ag–Cu and Fe–Au was reached. Functional devices based on these NWs, like high aspect ratio NW based STM tips, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), NW pH sensors and sensor arrays were constructed.

magnified image

Array of rhenium single crystalline NWs embedded in the NiAl matrix after partial dissolution of the matrix.
Robotic surgery in gynecologic oncology fellowship programs in the USA: a survey of fellows and fellowship directors
Authors: Sfakianos Gregory P. , Frederick Peter J. , Kendrick James E. , Straughn J. Michael , Kilgore Larry C. , Huh Warner K.
Published: September 2010

Background

In order to understand how robotic surgery impacts gynecologic oncology fellowship training and surgical practices, a survey of fellows and fellowship directors was conducted.

Methods

Questionnaires designed to determine the prevalence, application, and acceptance of robotics were sent to fellows and fellowship directors in approved U.S. programs.

Results

Of the respondents, 95% have a robot at their institution and 95% utilize it. Most responding fellowship directors (70%) reported that fellow education is enhanced by robotic surgery. Most fellows (65%) who responded feel comfortable using the robot, and 94% plan on performing robotic surgery upon completion of fellowship training.

Conclusions

This survey demonstrates that robotic surgery is utilized in the majority of responding gynecologic oncology fellowship programs for a wide array of indications. Fellowship directors and fellows‐in‐training generally have a favorable view of this evolving technology. Based on these responses, robotic surgery will play an increasingly important role in the future. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pericyclic reactions in an aqueous molecular flask
Authors: Murase Takashi , Fujita Makoto
Published: September 2010

A self‐assembled molecular flask with a nanometer‐sized restricted cavity offers a new reaction environment that is quite different from the bulk solution. The self‐assembled cage accommodates a pair of hydrophobic molecules to perform unusual Diels‐Alder reactions and [2+2] photoadditions of otherwise unreactive aromatic molecules. In this cage, for example, the Diels‐Alder reaction of naphthalene proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, and aceanthrylene shows reactivity for both [2+2] and [2+4] cycloadditions via the identical ternary host–guest complex. The observed greatly enhanced reactivity stems from the increased local concentration and pre‐organization of the substrate pair within the cage, which reduces the entropic cost and switches the reaction profile from a bimolecular to a pseudo‐intramolecular reaction pathway. The reinforced orientation and arrangement of substrate pairs specify regio‐ and stereo‐selectivities of the subsequent reactions in the cavity. Chiral auxiliaries outside the cage create the inner chiral environment and induce asymmetric reactions inside the cage (up to 50% ee). © 2010 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.201000027
The role of New Directions for Teaching and Learning in documenting changes in postsecondary education
Authors: Svinicki Marilla D.
Published: September 2010

New Directions for Teaching and Learning was first published in 1980. Since that time, there have been some changes, but many aspects have remained. NDTL issues are designed for faculty across the disciplines and are written in a way that they can be read easily and widely. This provides an important and distinctive variety of perspectives.
The promise of technology for college instruction: From drill and practice to avatars
Authors: Kuhlenschmidt Sally , Kacer Barbara
Published: September 2010

Technology and its uses have undergone significant change in the past several decades. Technology has many benefits and it has impacted many of the ways that teaching and learning occur. However, the role of thoughtful consideration, selection, implementation, and assessment of the technology remains the ultimate responsibility of the teacher.
The scholarship of teaching and learning: From idea to integration
Authors: Hutchings Pat
Published: September 2010

The scholarship of teaching and learning is one development that has occurred over the last twenty‐five years. This chapter argues that it is best understood as a habit of mind and set of practices that contribute to a culture in which other changes and developments can thrive.
Passive structural control of offshore wind turbines
Authors: Lackner Matthew A. , Rotea Mario A.
Published: September 2010

The application of control techniques to offshore wind turbines has the potential to significantly improve the structural response of these systems. A new simulation tool is developed that can be utilized to model passive, semi‐active and active structural control systems in wind turbines. Two independent, single degree of freedom (DOF) tuned mass‐
damper (TMD) devices are incorporated into a modified version of the aero‐elastic code FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures and Turbulence). The TMDs are located in the nacelle of the turbine model, with one TMD translating in the fore‐aft direction, and the other in the side‐side direction. The equations of motion of the TMDs are incorporated into the source code of FAST, yielding a more realistic system for modeling structural control in wind turbines than has previously been modeled. The stiffness, damping and commanded force of each TMD are controllable through the FAST‐Simulink interface, and so idealizations of semi‐active and active control approaches can be implemented. A parametric study is performed to determine the optimal parameters of a passive single DOF, fore‐aft, TMD system in both a barge‐type and monopile support structure. The wind turbine models equipped with TMDs are then simulated and the performance of these new systems is evaluated. The results indicate that passive control approaches can be used to improve the structural response of offshore wind turbines. The results also demonstrate the potential for active control approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die historische Entwicklung der Farbstofftheorien Teil I
Authors: Dähne Siegfried
Published: September 2010

„Tief ist der Brunnen der Vergangenheit. Sollte man ihn nicht unergründlich nennen? ……denn mit unserer Forscherangelegentlichkeit treibt das Unerforschliche eine Art von foppendem Spiel: es bietet ihr Scheinhalte und Wegesziele, hinter denen, wenn sie erreicht sind, neue Vergangenheitsstrecken sich auftun, wie es dem Küstengänger ergeht, der des Wanderns kein Ende findet, weil hinter jeder lehmigen Dünenkulisse, die er erstrebte, neue Weiten zu neuen Vorgebirgen vorwärtslocken.”︁
Blood groups in the species survival plan®, European endangered species program, and managed in situ populations of bonobo (Pan paniscus), common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), gorilla (Gorilla ssp.), and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus ssp.)
Authors: Gamble Kathryn C. , Moyse Jill A. , Lovstad Jessica N. , Ober Carole B. , Thompson Emma E.
Published: September 2010

Blood groups of humans and great apes have long been considered similar, although they are not interchangeable between species. In this study, human monoclonal antibody technology was used to assign human ABO blood groups to whole blood samples from great apes housed in North American and European zoos and in situ managed populations, as a practical means to assist blood transfusion situations for these species. From a subset of each of the species (bonobo, common chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutans), DNA sequence analysis was performed to determine blood group genotype. Bonobo and common chimpanzee populations were predominantly group A, which concurred with historic literature and was confirmed by genotyping. In agreement with historic literature, a smaller number of the common chimpanzees sampled were group O, although this O blood group was more often present in wild‐origin animals as compared with zoo‐born animals. Gorilla blood groups were inconclusive by monoclonal antibody techniques, and genetic studies were inconsistent with any known human blood group. As the genus and, specifically, the Bornean species, orangutans were identified with all human blood groups, including O, which had not been reported previously. Following this study, it was concluded that blood groups of bonobo, common chimpanzees, and some orangutans can be reliably assessed by human monoclonal antibody technology. However, this technique was not reliable for gorilla or orangutans other than those with blood group A. Even in those species with reliable blood group detection, blood transfusion preparation must include cross‐matching to minimize adverse reactions for the patient. Zoo Biol 30:427–444, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How access to exhibit space impacts the behavior of female tigers (Panthera tigris)
Authors: Miller Angela , Leighty Katherine A. , Maloney Margaret A. , Kuhar Christopher W. , Bettinger Tamara L.
Published: September 2010

Little is known about how socially housed captive carnivores respond to temporary reductions in available space. We documented rates of aggression and affiliation in our group of six female tigers, under their normal housing conditions and during a period of exhibit renovations which resulted in a 50% reduction in time spent in an outdoor enclosure. During the period of reduced availability of space, significant declines in aggression and affiliation were observed indicating that these tigers responded in a manner consistent with a strategy of conflict avoidance. These reductions in rates of social behavior remained in place during the year following the return to their original housing conditions. Thus, even temporary alterations to housing practices have the potential to have lasting impacts on the social behavior of this species. Zoo Biol 30:479–486, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor‐i and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐2 and ‐3 in eight hoofstock species
Authors: Govoni Kristen E. , Goodman Danielle , Maclure Rebecca M. , Penfold Linda M. , Zinn Steven A.
Published: September 2010

The somatotropic axis, which includes growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP), is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. Measures of the somatotropic axis can be predictive of nutritional status and growth rate that can be utilized to identify nutritional status of individual animals. Before the somatotropic axis can be a predictive tool, concentrations of hormones of the somatotropic axis need to be established in healthy individuals. To begin to establish these data, we quantified IGF‐I, IGFBP‐2, and IGFBP‐3 in males and females of eight threatened hoofstock species at various ages. Opportunistic blood samples were collected from Bos javanicus (Java banteng), Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci (bongo), Gazella dama ruficollis (addra gazelle), Taurotragus derbianus gigas (giant eland), Kobus megaceros (Nile lechwe), Hippotragus equines cottoni (roan antelope), Ceratotherium simum simum (white rhinoceros), and Elephas maximus (Asian elephant). Serum IGF‐I and IGFBPs were determined by radioimmunoassay and ligand blot, respectively. Generally, IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 were greater in males, and IGFBP‐2 was greater in females. In banteng (P = 0.08) and male Nile lechwe (P<0.05), IGF‐I increased with age, but decreased in rhinoceros (P = 0.07) and female Nile lechwe (P<0.05). In banteng, IGFBP‐3 was greater (P<0.01) in males. In elephants (P<0.05) and antelope (P = 0.08), IGFBP‐2 were greater in females. Determination of concentrations of hormones in the somatotropic axis in healthy animals makes it possible to develop models that can identify the nutritional status of these threatened hoofstock species. Zoo Biol 30:275–284, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report: long‐term outcome post‐heart transplantation in a woman with Fabry's disease
Authors: Verocai Flavia , Clarke Joe Thomas , Iwanochko Robert M.
Published: September 2010

Fabry's disease is an X‐linked recessive disorder that results from the deficiency of alpha‐galactosidase A and causes the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in different tissues. It leads to a rare form of cardiomyopathy which may be complicated by end‐stage heart failure and need to heart transplant. Our group described the first case of heart transplant in a woman with cardiomyopathy secondary to Fabry's disease about 12 years ago. There was uncertainty in regards to the possibility of recurrence of the disease as previously documented in kidney transplant recipients and long‐term outcomes. In this report, 14 years after transplant, this woman is still alive and there is no evidence of Fabry's disease in any of the endomyocardial biopsies. Heart transplantation can be recommended for Fabry's patients with end‐stage cardiomyopathy.
Cerebrospinal fluid alterations of the serotonin product, 5‐hydroxyindolacetic acid, in neurological disorders
Authors: De Grandis Elisa , Serrano Mercedes , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén , Ormazábal Aida , Montero Raquel , Veneselli Edvige , Pineda Mercè , González Verónica , Sanmartí Francesc , Fons Carmen , Sans Anna , Cormand Bru , Puelles Luis , Alonso Antonia , Campistol Jaime , Artuch Rafael , García‐Cazorla Angels
Published: September 2010

Although patients with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serotonin metabolite levels have been reported, inborn errors of the rate‐limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis (tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH) have not been described so far. In this study we aimed to evaluate CSF alterations of the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindolacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in patients with neurological disorders and to explore a possible TPH deficiency in some of them. A total of 606 patients (286 males, 320 females, mean age 4 years and 6 months, SD 5 years and 7 months) underwent CSF analysis of neurotransmitter metabolites by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Results were compared with values established in a control population. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to determine diagnosis and clinical features. A primary defect of biogenic amines was genetically investigated in indicated patients. Low 5‐HIAA was seen in 19.3%. Of these, 22.2% showed inborn errors of metabolism (mitochondrial disorders being the most frequent at 10.2% of low 5‐HIAA patients) and neurogenetic conditions. Other relatively frequent conditions were pontocerebellar hypoplasia (4.3%), Rett syndrome (4.3%), and among congenital nonetiologically determined conditions, epilepsy including epileptic encephalopathies (26.4%), leukodystrophies (6.8%), and neuropsychiatric disturbances (4.2%). Mutational analysis of the TPH2 gene, performed in five candidate patients, was negative. Although frequency of secondary alteration of 5‐HIAA was relatively high in patients with neurological disorders, this finding was more frequently associated with some neurometabolic disorders, epileptic encephalopathies, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. No inborn errors of TPH were found. Due to serotonin's neurotrophic role and to ameliorate symptoms, a supplementary treatment with 5‐hydroxytriptophan would seem advisable in these patients.
Metabolic investigations prevent liver transplantation in two young children with citrullinemia type I
Authors: de Groot Martijn J. , Cuppen Marcel , Eling Marc , Verheijen Frans W. , Rings Edmond H. H. M. , Reijngoud Dirk‐Jan , de Vries Maaike M. C. , van Spronsen Francjan J.
Published: September 2010

Acute liver failure may be caused by a variety of disorders including inborn errors of metabolism. In those cases, rapid metabolic investigations and adequate treatment may avoid the need for liver transplantation. We report two patients who presented with acute liver failure and were referred to our center for liver transplantation work‐up. Urgent metabolic investigations revealed citrullinemia type I. Treatment for citrullinemia type I avoided the need for liver transplantation. Acute liver failure as a presentation of citrullinemia type I has not previously been reported in young children. Although acute liver failure has occasionally been described in other urea cycle disorders, these disorders may be underestimated as a cause. Timely diagnosis and treatment of these disorders may avoid liver transplantation and improve clinical outcome. Therefore, urea cycle disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis in young children presenting with acute liver failure.
Copper and Iron Determination with [N,N′‐Bis(salicylidene)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediaminato] in Edible Oils Without Digestion
Authors: Baran Eda Köse , Yaşar Sema Bağdat
Published: September 2010

A new method for the determination of copper(II) and iron(III) in liquid edible oils which does not require a digestion step was developed. The suggested method involves extraction of metals with [N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)‐2,2′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediaminato] (LDM) followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry measurement. As a first step, metal complexes of copper(II) and iron(III) ions with LDM were investigated spectrophotometrically. After the analytical properties and experimental conditions of the complexation had been determined, these findings were used to determine the extraction period as a second step. Experimental conditions were optimized using a central composite design. Optimum conditions for Cu(II) and Fe(III) extractions from oil were found: the ratios of the volume of Schiff base solution used to the mass of oil (VLDM/moil; mL g−1) were 0.76 and 1.19 mL g−1, the stirring times were 73 and 67 min, and the temperatures were 31 and 28 °C, respectively. The developed extraction and determination method was tested on certified reference materials; the recovery percentages were found to be 99.4 ± 2.8 and 100.2 ± 5.6 for Cu(II) and Fe(III), respectively. The suggested method was performed on real samples such as olive oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, canola oil and recovery values between 97.2–102.1 for Cu(II) and 94.5–98.6 for Fe(III) were determined. It was concluded that the developed method has some advantages over the common traditional method including rapidity, sensitivity, accuracy, reduced risk and cost.
Capturing the peer context: The paradox of progress⋆
Authors: Laursen Brett
Published: September 2010

Adolescents lead enormously complicated social lives. Many youth find it difficult to keep track of their own relationships with friends and romantic interests. For the investigator, the task is exponentially more complex because overlapping and interlocking relationships and networks must be disentangled, dissected, and diagrammed. This special issue contains some important new findings about peers, but it is equally noteworthy because it illustrates several significant methodological changes in the way we do business. New ways of thinking about peers and new ways of analyzing data about peer relationships promise to simplify many aspects of our research enterprise. Pictograms occupying every bit of space on laboratory walls are rapidly becoming a thing of the past. By the same token, however, these advances have revealed the limits of our assumptions and the inadequacies of our practices, particularly when it comes to the depth and frequency of our data collection efforts. This is the paradox of progress. In this essay I will summarize some of the methodological developments highlighted in this special section and I will describe some important implications that these improvements hold for research in the future.
Allosteric rescuing of loss‐of‐function FFAR2 mutations
Authors: Swaminath Gayathri , Jaeckel Peter , Guo Qi , Cardozo Mario , Weiszmann Jennifer , Lindberg Richard , Wang Yingcai , Schwandner Ralf , Li Yang
Published: September 2010

FFAR2 (GPR43) is a receptor for short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate. In the current study, we investigate the molecular determinants contributing to receptor activation by endogenous ligands. Mutational analysis revealed several important residues located in transmembrane domains (TM) 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 for acetate binding. Interestingly, mutations that abolished acetate activity, including the mutation in the well‐conserved D(E)RY motif, could be rescued by a recently identified synthetic allosteric agonist. These findings provide additional insight into agonist binding and activation which may aid in designing allosteric ligands for targeting receptor function in various diseases.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the cytoplasm interacts with components of glycolysis and cancer
Authors: Naryzhny Stanislav N. , Lee Hoyun
Published: September 2010

MINT‐7995351: G3P (uniprotkb:P04406) and PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)MINT‐7995334: ENOA (uniprotkb:P06733) and PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)MINT‐7995368: ALDOA (uniprotkb:P04075) and PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)MINT‐7995141: G3P (uniprotkb:P04406) binds (MI:0407) to PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995182: ENOA (uniprotkb:P06733) binds (MI:0407) to PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995132: G3P (uniprotkb:P04406) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995228: PRDX6 (uniprotkb:P30041) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995220: CAH2 (uniprotkb:P00918) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995114: Triosephosphate isomerase (uniprotkb:P60174) binds (MI:0407) to PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995244: K2C7 (uniprotkb:P08729) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995252: ANXA2 (uniprotkb:P07355) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995122: Triosephosphate isomerase (uniprotkb:P60174) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995093: ALDOA (uniprotkb:P04075) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995148: PGK1 (uniprotkb:P00558) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995158: PGAM1 (uniprotkb:P18669) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995166: PGAM1 (uniprotkb:P18669) binds (MI:0407) to PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995105: ALDOA (uniprotkb:P04075) binds (MI:0407) to PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995260: PPIA (uniprotkb:P62937) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995173: ENOA (uniprotkb:P06733) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995268: EF1A (uniprotkb:P68104) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995236: MDHM (uniprotkb:P40926) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995189: RSSA (uniprotkb:P08865) physically interacts (MI:0915) with PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) by far western blotting (MI:0047)MINT‐7995282: PCNA (uniprotkb:P12004) physically interacts (MI:0915) with ALDOA (uniprotkb:P00883) and G3P (uniprotkb:P46406) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006).
PERFECT COLOURINGS OF ISONEMAL FABRICS BY THIN STRIPING
Authors: THOMAS R. S. D.
Published: September 2010

Perfect colouring of isonemal fabrics by thin striping of warp and weft and the closely related topic of isonemal prefabrics that fall apart are reconsidered and their relation further explored. The catalogue of isonemal prefabrics that fall apart is extended to order 20 for those of even genus.
The Economic Role of Jumps and Recovery Rates in the Market for Corporate Default Risk
Authors: Schneider Paul , Sögner Leopold , Veža Tanja
Published: September 2010

Using an extensive cross section of U.S. corporate credit default swaps (CDSs), this paper offers an economic understanding of implied loss given default (LGD) and jumps in default risk. We formulate and underpin empirical stylized facts about CDS spreads, which are then reproduced in our affine intensity-based jump-diffusion model. Implied LGD is well identified, with obligors possessing substantial tangible assets expected to recover more. Sudden increases in the default risk of investment-grade obligors are higher relative to speculative grade. The probability of structural migration to default is low for investment-grade and heavily regulated obligors because investors fear distress rather through rare but devastating events.
An experimental study of slip considering the effects of non-uniform colloidal tracer distributions
Authors: LI HAIFENG , YODA MINAMI
Published: September 2010

Various studies have suggested that the no-slip condition may not hold for Newtonian liquids flowing over (for the most part) non-wetting surfaces. This paper describes an experimental study of steady Poiseuille flow at various Reynolds numbers up to 0.12 of four different aqueous monovalent electrolyte solutions through naturally hydrophilic and hydrophobically coated fused-silica channels with a depth of 33 μm. The slip lengths for these flows were estimated using a local method based on a new particle velocimetry technique that determines velocities at three different wall-normal distances within the first 400 nm next to the wall. These results are corrected using direct measurements of the near-wall particle distribution, which is highly non-uniform as expected due to repulsive electric double-layer interactions between the 100 nm tracer particles and the wall. In all cases, the slip lengths were not more than 23 nm and for all but one case, zero within their uncertainties. As illustrated here, the standard assumption of uniformly distributed tracers can significantly increase slip length estimates obtained using local methods and near-wall velocity data.
On some details of comparative anatomy in Aphelenchus, Tylenchus and Heterodera
Authors: Goodey T.
Published: September 2010

In the microscopic examination of plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes it frequently happens that certain anatomical details stand out clearly whilst others remain obscure. Later examination of further examples of the same species, perhaps from a different source or at another season of the year, may reveal some of the previously obscure details with the result that structures which up to that time had been difficult to elucidate, are now seen distinctly in relation to their surroundings.
Antiquity In Victorian Contexts
Authors: Turner Frank M.
Published: September 2010

The organizing theme of this volume and of the conference from which it originated and the publication within a year of one another of Mr. Richard Jenkyns'sThe Victorians and Ancient Greeceand my ownCreek Heritage in Victorian Britainare symptomatic of our having arrived at an important turning point in the pursuit of Victorian studies. As scholars of history, literature, art, ideas, and culture, we are at long last beginning to investigate topics that were actually of the most fundamental significance to the educated elites of nineteenth-century Britain and without which their culture and intellectual universe would have been radically different. It has taken us a very long time to reach this point of departure. We have remained overly interested in questions that seem relevant for our own rime or major figures whose work has entered die literary or philosophical canon. We have almost unwittingly continued to interpret die nineteenth century through the dwardian categories of “Victorianism.” That has even been die situation with critics, such as Walter Houghton and Basil Willey, who refuted much of the Edwardian image but did so without rejecting the very presuppositions from which Edwardian writers had launched their attack. In a unique manner the study of Victorian classicism and related topics will allow us to break through the old interpretive and evaluative categories, because classicism was an issue about which Edwardian critics and later scholars had little to say. We come to Victorian classicism widi rather fewer presuppositions than to many other topics in Victorian intellectual and literary history.
Thomas Arnold and the Mirror of History
Authors: Culler A. Dwight
Published: September 2010

One of the most dramatic moments in Victorian literature is that in the Apologia pro Vita Sua in which Newman first expresses doubt about the tenablehess of his position in the Anglican Church. It was die summer of 1839 and he was proposing to spend die time quietly, reading in his favorite subject, die history of the early church. As he began to go more deeply into the matter, however, he became uneasy, and by the end of August he was seriously alarmed. “My stronghold,” he says, “was Antiquity; now here, in the middle of die fifth century, I found, as it seemed to me, Christendom of die sixteenth and die nineteenth centuries reflected. I saw my face in that mirror, and I was a monophysite.” It is true, the impact of this passage is somewhat diminished for the modern reader by his uncertainty what a Monophysite is. Even after he has done his researches and learned that a Monophysite is one who believed in the one, not the two, natures of Christ, he is little better off, for Newman was not concerned widi the doctrinal question. He was concerned with the relationship of the parties one to anodier and with the fact that, if an extreme version of a position was heretical, then a moderate version of that position was heretical too. “It was difficult,” he wrote, “to make out how the Eutychians or Monophysites were heretics, unless Protestants and Anglicans were heretics also; … There was an awful similitude, more awful, because so silent and unimpassioned, between die dead records of die past and the feverish chronicle of the present. The shadow of the fifth century was on the sixteenth. It was like a spirit rising from the troubled waters of the old world, with die shape and lineaments of the new.”
Promoting multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary ageing research in the United Kingdom
Authors: HENNESSY CATHERINE HAGAN , WALKER ALAN
Published: September 2010

Multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary working has for long been advocated in gerontology, and sometimes contested. Although collaboration between disciplines is common practice in many areas of ageing research, much remains to be done to develop and support such work. Internationally, funding agencies, scientific associations and other stakeholders in ageing research are actively involved in establishing the methods and means to promote cross-disciplinary co-operation in the field. In the United Kingdom (UK) since the late 1990s, the statutory Research Councils with key interests in ageing and older people have been actively pursuing research programmes that feature multi-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity. The National Collaboration on Ageing Research (NCAR), a partnership among four of the Research Councils to stimulate cross-disciplinary collaboration, worked with scientists, funding bodies, and research users to develop approaches to multi- and inter-disciplinary research, and their work informed the New Dynamics of Ageing (NDA) Programme, a major cross-Research Council programme of multi-disciplinary research which spans the social, medical, biological and engineering sciences and the arts and humanities. Drawing on the authors' participation in these activities, this article reviews key developments in the promotion of multi-disciplinary science on ageing in the UK and highlights how this is being pursued in the NDA Programme.
Why Do Captured Archives Go Home? Restitution Achievements under the Russian Law
Authors: Grimsted Patricia Kennedy
Published: September 2010

The return of captured French archives—not art—ignited debate in the Russian Duma in the spring of 1994, leading to the passage of the 1998 Federal Law “On Cultural Valuables Displaced to the USSR as a Result of the Second World War and Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation.” Yet, a decade since the law was signed, there have been five cases of captured archives from the Second World War returned to Western European countries, as explained in the recent book, Returned from Russia. The aim of this article is to examine major factors involved in the restitution of archives from Russia, and why amid the politics of restitution the return of archives has been more successful than art.

The article first successively examines the major factors involved, namely, foreign political pressure; the underlying support of international law, both in specific instruments and historical archival practice; the circumstances and Soviet aims of archival plunder; the present contrast with Soviet political ideology and alignments; the fact that Russian archivists were more willing to return their loot than museum directors; and that archival returns were easier to conform to the 1998 law, because the receiving countries were willing to offer the “compensation” Russian archivists were demanding. Country by country, first in Western Europe starting with France and now Austria and Greece, archives have been going home, but so far only a few symbolic files from Germany have been returned. A final section of the article briefly singles out the captured records from several other countries remaining in Moscow, including many Jewish records, even some representing Holocaust losses.
Chabad v. Russian Federation:A Case Study in the Use of American Courts to Recover Looted Cultural Property
Authors: Bazyler Michael J. , Gerber Seth M.
Published: September 2010

Displaced and nationalized cultural property remains hidden in the vast holdings of museums, libraries, and archives around the world. Some governments holding these “trophies” of war and conquest refuse to return such cultural treasures to their rightful owners even when their provenance has been identified. They assert that the collections were obtained through expropriation and nationalization, and that divestiture of a museum, library, or archive would jeopardize the existence of these institutions and cause societal discord.

This article discusses the struggle of an orthodox Jewish organization to recover from the Russian Federation a collection of sacred, irreplaceable books and manuscripts seized in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution and during World War II. The story of Agudas Chasidei Chabad's efforts to recover these core religious texts of its spiritual leaders has involved appeals by U.S. presidents, congress, and the U.S. Helsinki Commission, as well as lawsuits in the Soviet Union/Russia and United States.

After prolonged litigation in the United States, a federal court of appeals in Washington DC ruled in 2008 that American courts have jurisdiction over Chabad's suit against the Russian Federation to recover its religious texts. This ruling may pave the way for the resolution of this dispute and also lead to the filing of other suits in American courts seeking to recover looted cultural property, even if that property is located outside U.S. borders.
The 1995 UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects: The Role of International Arbitration
Authors: Sidorsky Emily
Published: September 2010

Great efforts have been made by representatives of a multitude of countries to rectify the situation currently confronting parties, whether they be private individuals or states, that seek the return of stolen or illegally exported cultural objects. The organization UNIDROIT has been at the forefront of that effort. In June of 1995, representatives of over seventy states met in Rome and adopted the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects. The UNIDROIT Convention will enter into force as it is ratified by individual states.

The UNIDROIT Convention provides a claimant of a Contracting State with the option of using arbitration to settle its dispute. Until now, there has been little discussion of the advantages that international arbitration can bring to this domain. This article focuses on the benefits of international arbitration in facilitating the resolution of cultural property disputes. It presents an in-depth analysis of the text of the UNIDROIT Convention in the context of existing regulations in this area. It then examines three different approaches to international arbitration. These models serve to highlight the particular characteristics of this dispute resolution mechanism that make it ideally suited to cultural property disputes.
Restitution of Archaeological Artifacts: The Arab-Israeli Aspects
Authors: Einhorn Talia
Published: September 2010

Since the second half of the last century, public international law has been developing rules regulating the restitution of cultural objects removed from occupied territories during armed conflict. Today it is generally recognized that customary international law forbids pillage. The Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict further mandates that artifacts removed from an occupied territory must be returned to the competent authorities of that territory at the close of hostilities. The Arab-Israeli case highlights the problematic side of this solution. Following the Six Day War in 1967, the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the Gaza strip and the territory known as the “West Bank” came under Israeli control. Israeli archaeologists carried out numerous excavations, and discovered artifacts of special importance to Jewish cultural heritage. It is regrettable that, as a result of the peace treaty with Egypt, these artifacts can no longer be exhibited and appreciated at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem, but had to be delivered to Egypt, where they now face an uncertain future. A similar fate may befall the artifacts excavated in the Golan Heights. The Palestinian claim for restitution cannot be based on the Protocol. The Problem is nevertheless the same in all cases; if the artifacts are to be preserved, properly appreciated and made available for purposes of study and research, it may be more appropriate to distribute them among the states by way of compromise and agreement, that will seek to enhance their cultural significance, rather than use the arbitrary sole criterion of the place of discovery.
Transcribing the Beneventan chant
Authors: Peattie Matthew G.
Published: September 2010

The Beneventan Mass Propers are preserved in sources that are notated, for the most part, in campo aperto – without staff lines or clefs to indicate the pitch or placement of the semitone. Despite the absence of pitch-specific notation, it is possible to discern a great deal about the pitch of the Beneventan chant and to propose verifiable transcriptions. This article provides a systematic overview of the pitch placement of the Beneventan repertory through a study of the formulaic structure of the chant and through a comparative examination of the small number of exemplars of Beneventan chant notated on a staff line.
Unidentified Sermons of Severian, Bishop of Gabala
Authors: Weiskotten Herbert T.
Published: September 2010

Included in one of the volumes of the sermons of John Chrysostom in the Patrologia Græca are seven sermons ascribed to one Severiah, Bishop of Gabala. Besides these there are two more sermons ascribed to him in two other volumes of the Patrologia. Bardenhewer names thirteen sermons as genuine, thereby adding four to the list. Accepting these temporarily as genuine, the question to be investigated is whether an examination of these and a comparison with the Spuria attached to the sermons of Chrysostom may not bring further sermons to light.