bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fishing Nets, River Banks and All the Things that Brought Me Here
Authors: Mann Melinda
Published: December 2024

Dr Melinda Mann’s reflective chapter begins where all learning begins, in childhood. Dr Mann’s rich analogy, illustrating Indigenous ways of being, knowing and doing draws on a story of fishing. The story deftly incorporates ways of learning about place and identity, and foundations for theorising about cognition, along with lessons about patience, useful in later life for withstanding the rigors of academic life. Her chapter identifies with pinpoint accuracy the time in primary school when racism began to challenge, though not deter, her learning, imagination and aspirations. The critical importance of mentors, Indigenous centres in universities, as well as friends and family are clearly demonstrated. This chapter is a narrative of resilience, resistance and a ponderance of the question of regret, offset by the unexpected joy of witnessing the strategic use of the title doctor by community members, undoubtedly proud of their member.
Future Directions: Where the End is Actually the Beginning
Authors: Locke Michelle
Published: December 2024

Dr. Michelle Locke concludes the book with a discussion of the possibilities for the future. Echoing the call for action from the first chapter and resonating with the multiple voices of the Indigenous ECRs, Dr. Locke asks readers, particularly those non-Indigenous readers with authority and opportunity in universities, to heed the invitation to take responsibility and join with Indigenous colleagues to make universities places where Indigenous ECRs can realistically build on the strength and success that guided them through doctoral programs to curate fulfilling careers that contribute to Indigenous community and national success.
Fate or Accident? A Story of Being in the Right Place, at the Right Time
Authors: Mosby Vinnitta
Published: December 2024

Dr. Vinnitta Mosby outlines a compelling story of how success can occur when critical elements are aligned. Dr. Mosby’s doctoral success led to an unanticipated role as an early career academic working in the university where her doctorate was completed. Concerns about climate change and its effects on Torres Strait Islander peoples was the driving force behind her doctoral work, rather than the desire to become an academic. Doctoral success came from hard work plus a combination of excellent honours results, a strong supervision team, who worked well together and an unexpected encounter with a visiting international Indigenous scholar who bolstered both confidence and knowledge. Dr. Mosby also reminds us of the value of the financial freedom a scholarship enables and how nurturing family support can be on such a long academic journey.
The Everyday of Risk and Vulnerability: Being an Indigenous Early Career Researcher
Authors: Backhaus Vincent
Published: December 2024

Dr Vincent Backhaus argues persuasively and eloquently that being an Indigenous ECR has a particularity not shared with all ECRs, given that Indigenous teaching and research are so intimately intertwined with who we are as Indigenous people and the histories and contemporary experiences of our peoples. Dr Backhaus reminds us that Indigenous ECRs act with agency and are often pioneers in their fields, forging fresh pathways into the academy, accompanied by uncertainty and the risk of constantly making mistakes. Also considered are issues of identity, not just Indigeneity but developing emerging professional identities, as well. Dr Backhaus recognises the privilege but also the significant responsibility of being an Indigenous ECR, benefitting from opportunities unknown to our forebears.
Yuwa Indigenous Early Career Researcher
Authors: Akbar Skye
Published: December 2024

Dr Skye Akbar provides wise advice for new Indigenous ECRs in the hope that her hard-won experience will help others to navigate a system in which there are inherent challenges of being the first or only Indigenous academic at a time when Indigenous expertise is in significant demand, with too few people to fill institutional requirements. Dr. Akbar explores some of the common pitfalls for Indigenous ECRs who find themselves in foreign institutional environments where the demands for their expertise are not always in the Indigenous ECRs’ best interest for career development or meeting community needs. Learning to distinguish which opportunities will be fruitful and which will simply take you away from your own priorities, is critical, but doesn’t necessarily come with a handbook. Dr. Akbar encourages readers to choose what will advance your career and your community.
Four-Fermion Interaction Approximation of the Intermediate Vector Boson Model
Authors: Tsutsumi Yoshio
Published: December 2024

In the present paper, we show that when the mass of the Proca field is large enough, the Dirac-Proca equations are approximated by the cubic Dirac equation. This justifies the four-fermion interaction approximation of the intermediate vector boson model in a mathematically rigorous sense. The proof is based on the Strichartz estimate of the Proca sector with mass parameter.
Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of operable breast cancer
Authors: Wu Minqing , Huang Qiyu , Zhang Lijuan , Liu Yuying , Zeng Musheng , Xie Chuanbo
Published: December 2024

Objective

Blood macrophage Apo10 and TKTL1 detection is a novel, noninvasive cancer screening approach, but its relevance in breast cancer remains uncertain. We compared the potential diagnostic value of Apo10 and TKTL1 with commonly used tumor markers in differentiating breast cancer patients.

Methods

Physical examination and blood sample data from breast cancer patients who did not receive surgery or chemotherapy (retrospective; breast cancer group) and those with benign breast nodules and completely healthy subjects (prospective; control group) were collected from October 2020 to July 2022 at Sun Yat-sen University. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic efficiency of Apo10 and TKTL1 with conventional biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cancer antigens [CA-125, CA-199, CA-153]) in differentiating breast cancer from healthy breasts and benign breast nodules.

Results

From October 2020 to July 2022, 153 breast cancer patients (primarily early-stage disease: n = 113 (73.9%) stage I/II) and 153 control participants (benign breast nodules, n = 56; healthy, n = 97) were included in this study. The breast cancer subtypes were mainly invasive ductal carcinoma (92.8%), with a few cases of DCIS (5.9%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (0.7%), and mucinous carcinoma (0.7%). Notably, Apo10, TKTL1, and Apo10 + TKTL1 (APT) levels were significantly greater in the cancer group than in the control group (P < 0.001), demonstrating high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.901, 0.871, 0.938) that surpassed CA-125, CA-199, CA-153, and CEA. In a subgroup analysis excluding stage III patients, APT-based breast cancer screening was minimally affected, with the AUROC (0.933–0.938) varying by ≤ 1%.

Conclusion

Compared with conventional biomarkers, Apo10, TKTL1, and APT showed superior early-stage breast cancer screening efficacy, potentially emerging as a promising marker for discriminating breast cancer from healthy breasts and nontumoral lesions.
Pre-interventional renal artery calcification and survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Winkler N. E. , Galantay J. , Hebeisen M. , Donati T. G. , Stehli J. , Kasel A. M. , Alkadhi H. , Nguyen-Kim T. D. L. , Tanner F. C.
Published: December 2024

The prognostic significance of renal artery calcification (RAC) is unknown in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) eligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). RAC can be assessed by computed tomography (CT) performed during pre-interventional planning for TAVI. This study aimed at investigating the utility of RAC for predicting survival after TAVI. In this longitudinal cohort study, RAC volume was measured by CT in 268 consecutive patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI. Association of RAC with mortality was assessed using Cox regression analysis. RAC was evaluated as a binary parameter and in a supplementary analysis as a logarithmically transformed continuous variable. Over a median follow-up time of 9.6 years, 237 (88.4%) patients died, with 174 (73.4%) deaths attributable to a cardiovascular cause. RAC was highly prevalent (N = 150 (86.2%)) among patients suffering cardiovascular death. Competing risk cumulative incidence curves revealed a higher occurrence of cardiovascular death in patients with RAC (P-value = 0.008), while this was not the case for non-cardiovascular death (P-value = 0.71). RAC was independently associated with cardiovascular death (HR 1.61 [95% CI: 1.01–2.57]; P = 0.047) after adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, impaired renal function, and aortic valve calcification. The presence or absence of RAC rather than its volume was important in all the analyses. RAC is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular death in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI. Given its favourable properties for event prediction, RAC may be considered valuable for prognostic assessment of TAVI patients.

Graphical Abstract
Rapidly developing NLP applications for content curation
Authors: Moreno-Schneider Julian , Ostendorff Malte , Schulz Konstantin , Zaczynska Karolina , Kintzel Florian , Rehm Georg
Published: December 2024

Time and again we are faced, in a number of collaborative research projects, with the challenge of interconnecting various language processing tools to implement certain industry-driven use cases focusing, for the most part, upon digital content curation processes. In this paper we first describe several of the relevant projects and their technology platforms, followed by a description of the corresponding use cases and their requirements. The content curation platform we focus upon in this article and which has been implemented as a prototype makes use of a large number of NLP services, which we also build upon for other use cases and prototypes. In addition to the implemented NLP services, the article presents a workflow manager for the flexible creation and customisation of processing workflows that make use of the above mentioned NLP services. Based on the four key principles of generality, flexibility, scalability and efficiency, we present the first version of the workflow manager by providing details on its custom definition language, explaining the communication components and the general system architecture and setup. The paper also addresses challenges in interoperability across different NLP tasks and hardware-based resource use.
Enhancing low-illumination imagery using a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network with weight regularization (DCGAN-WR) and Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation (DCE)
Authors: Diviya M. , Karmel A. , Utthirakumari R. , Subramanian M.
Published: December 2024

Improving low-light images to enhance prediction in various applications has a greater advantage. A two-pronged approach that employs Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks with weight regularization (DCGAN-WR) and Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation (DCE) was used. The model was trained using the LOL dataset, and the results showed significant improvements in image quality. The DCGAN is fine-tuned with Group Lasso regularization to enhance the performance. The DCGAN-WR model is shown to enhance images realistically, demonstrating its capacity to learn characteristics and texture representations from low-light input. Empirical and simulated image comparisons demonstrate remarkable performance under demanding low-light settings. Moreover, the DCE model employs a novel approach that considers color constancy loss, light smoothness, and spatial consistency. Information about the learning dynamics and curve parameter changing capabilities of the model can be visualized by loss function graphs, which aim to maximize picture quality. Compared to the original images, Images generated by the DCE models maintain color accuracy, increase exposure levels, and preserve spatial coherence. A solution for low-illumination image enhancement is achieved through the proposed model DCGAN-WR and DCE. Genuine details are recorded by the GAN model, while the DCE adjusts the exposure levels and color balance to produce improved, aesthetically pleasing, and contextually accurate images. The proposed approach not only outperforms the other methods on the LOL dataset but also exhibits potential for practical use in computer vision tasks, which require higher image quality for precise analysis and interpretation.
The Activation of Anti-Asian Attitudes on Vote Choice
Authors: Chan Nathan Kar Ming , Leung Vivien
Published: December 2024

Political science research has assessed how racial attitudes influence political behavior. However, less is known about the political effects of anti-Asian views, even as anti-Asian sentiment resurfaced during the pandemic. We theorize that the linkage of COVID-19 to Asian Americans by political elites activated anti-Asian animosity and shaped vote choice during the 2020 election. Using cross-sectional over time and panel data from the American National Election Studies, we find that holding more anti-Asian attitudes was not associated with Republican vote choice between 2008–2016, including when Donald Trump first ran. However, anti-Asian views became strongly related to voting for Trump in 2020. Further panel analysis demonstrates evidence that anti-Asian views measured prior in 2016 increased the likelihood of vote switching to the Republican Party in 2020. We conclude by discussing the potentially persisting political effects of anti-Asian attitudes in an environment continuously characterized by anti-Asian hate and especially during future election cycles that may feature increasingly diverse candidates of Asian heritage, running for elective office across various levels of government—including for the presidency. This study contributes to research on how and when racial attitudes influence political behavior and suggests, again, the centrality of race and ethnicity in American Politics.
Household car-ownership in a world of constant change: The continued influence of traditional variables and the rising influence of emerging mobility scenarios
Authors: Narayanan Santhanakrishnan , Álvarez-Ossorio Martinez Santiago , Antoniou Constantinos
Published: December 2024

Emerging modes (e.g., cargo bikes), mobility solutions (e.g., shared mobility services) and policy measures (e.g., the reduction of public parking spaces) are envisioned to reduce private car-ownership. However, the development of disaggregate car-ownership models dealing with them, which can be integrated with transport simulation systems, is still missing. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap through the development of household car-ownership models, focusing on the cities of Madrid, Regensburg and Leuven. These cities correspond to distinct urban contexts in Europe. Models based on a representative individual as well as based only on household variables are explored, to check whether the latter shows congruence with the former and can achieve good summary statistics with lower data requirements. Furthermore, such models with only household-level variables are also found to be useful in ascertaining the impact of small-scale shared services. The estimation results show the influence of socio-demographic characteristics, mobility patterns, mobility tool ownership, transport supply and urban characteristics. Discussions are included on behavioural and policy insights. For example, cargo bike ownership and the presence of shared services support in car-ownership reduction. Furthermore, public parking spaces have a significant impact on single car-ownership in Madrid, but not on multiple car-ownership. Besides, the contrasting effects found for the mobility rates in Madrid and Regensburg convey the importance of urban design contexts. The contributions from this study enable to estimate the household car-ownership with the consideration of emerging mobility scenarios, and to devise policies to reduce private car-ownership and promote sustainable urban mobility.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@TiO2@Zeolite nanocomposite adsorbent for the removal of Levoflaxin antibiotic from environmental water matrices
Authors: Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha Denga , Mavhungu Mapula Lucey , Baloyi Jeffrey , Mbaya Richard
Published: December 2024

The presence of pharmaceuticals in water matrices has been a major problem because of its expected adverse consequences on oceanic biological systems and human well-being. Levofloxacin (Levo), a persistent and widely used antibiotic, has emerged as a significant pollutant in water samples. Its resistance to conventional water treatment processes poses challenges for its removal. This work focuses on preparing and characterizing a magnetic nanocomposite adsorbent (Fe3O4@TiO2@Zeolite) designed to efficiently remove levofloxacin from the water samples, leveraging the Fe₃O₄ properties for easy separation and recovery of the adsorbent, TiO2 for its adsorption capacity, while zeolite’s porous structure and high ion-exchange capacity improve adsorption efficiency. Together, these materials create a robust, multifunctional composite with promising applications for pollutant removal from aqueous environments. The adsorption of Levo antibiotic exhibited excellent fitting to both the pseudo-second-order model (R
2 = 1) and the Langmuir isotherm (R
2 = 0.9240) together with the Freundlich isotherm (R
2 = 0.999). Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process of Levo was spontaneous and endothermic. This implies that the interaction between Levo and the Fe3O4@TiO2@Zeolite nanocomposite, developed in this study, is favourable and requires energy input. The Fe3O4@TiO2@Zeolite nanocomposite demonstrated a promising efficacy in the removal of Levo from wastewater samples, with removal percentage ranging between 92.43 and 96.95%. The prepared Fe3O4@TiO2@Zeolite composite material could be regenerated up to the 5th cycle. This highlights the potential of the nanocomposite as an effective remedy for the purification of wastewater contaminated with Levo.
An almost linear time algorithm testing whether the Markoff graph modulo p is connected
Authors: Brown Colby Austin
Published: December 2024

The Markoff graphs modulo p were proven by Chen (Ann Math 199(1), 2024) to be connected for all but finitely many primes, and Baragar (The Markoff equation and equations of Hurwitz. Brown University, 1991) conjectured that they are connected for all primes, equivalently that every solution to the Markoff equation modulo p lifts to a solution over $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
. In this paper, we provide an algorithmic realization of the process introduced by Bourgain et al. [arXiv:1607.01530] to test whether the Markoff graph modulo p is connected for arbitrary primes. Our algorithm runs in $$o(p^{1 + \epsilon })$$

o
(

p

1
+
ϵ

)

time for every $$\epsilon > 0$$

ϵ
>
0

. We demonstrate this algorithm by confirming that the Markoff graph modulo p is connected for all primes less than one million.
Applying both the 30-s and the 5-repetition sit-to-stand tests captures dissimilar groups and a broader spectrum of physical abilities in mobility-limited older individuals: results from the BIOFRAIL study
Authors: Hansen P. , Nygaard H. , Ryg J. , Kristensen M. T. , Suetta C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

We aimed to assess differences among older patients demonstrating low STS performance in the 30 s-STS and/or the 5r-STS.

Methods

30 s-STS and 5r-STS were used to assess lower limb muscle strength and function in older adults. Analysis involved 376 patients (≥ 65 years) from a geriatric outpatient clinic for fall assessment.

Results

The mean age of patients was 79.8 (± 6.1) years (67% female). In total, 40.6% had low STS performance with 9.3% presenting only low 30 s-STS, 9.8% only low 5r-STS, and 21.5% low STS performance in both tests. Patients with low STS performance in both tests had lower gait speed, were more often frail, and had more prior falls compared to patients with low STS performance in one test only.

Conclusion

The two STS tests are not interchangeable, and the use of both STS tests capture a wider range of physical abilities in mobility-limited older adults.

Clinical trial registration

NCT05795556.
Insurgent Cultures
Authors: Malreddy Pavan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Moving beyond the normative frames of terrorism and counter-terrorism, this book shows how world literatures from the Global South can be used to examine the multiple modalities of violence that pervade contemporary world politics, such as communalism, factionalism, peasant wars, banditry, nationalist struggles, resource wars and acts of vengeance. The comparative approach of this book enables a theoretical realignment of insurgency from the mobilization of violence for grand, mythic, and ideological causes – as seen through the eyes of the state – to the violence for small causes, namely, the splintered violence conjured under conceptual rubrics such as divine violence, intimate violence, routine violence, everyday violence, inherited violence, and subterranean violence. Analyzing novels, autobiographies, journalistic accounts from key regions, such as Nigeria, Myanmar (Burma), India, and the Middle East, Insurgent Cultures provides a new understanding of the narratives of violence in the Global South. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Straightening Out Uranus’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Benningfield Damond
Published: December 2024

New analysis of Voyager 2 observations shows that the craft arrived amid gusty solar wind, muddying our ideas about the giant planet.
Talazoparib plus enzalutamide versus olaparib plus abiraterone acetate and niraparib plus abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a matching-adjusted indirect comparison
Authors: Castro Elena , Wang Di , Walsh Sarah , Craigie Samantha , Haltner Anja , Nazari Jonathan , Niyazov Alexander , Samjoo Imtiaz A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Without head-to-head trials between talazoparib+enzalutamide (TALA + ENZA), olaparib+abiraterone acetate (OLAP + AAP), and niraparib plus AAP (NIRA + AAP) the ability to evaluate their relative efficacy as first-line (1 L) treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the relative efficacy between TALA + ENZA (TALAPRO-2) versus OLAP + AAP (PROpel) and NIRA + AAP (MAGNITUDE) in 1 L mCRPC via a matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison (MAIC).

Methods

Patient-level data from TALAPRO-2 and published data from PROpel and MAGNITUDE were used. TALAPRO-2 data were reweighted to satisfy the eligibility criteria for PROpel and MAGNITUDE. Talazoparib (0.5 mg/day) plus enzalutamide (160 mg/day) was compared to olaparib (300 mg twice daily) plus abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day) and niraparib (200 mg/day) plus abiraterone acetate (1000 mg/day). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS), and odds ratios (ORs) for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and objective response rate (ORR). Additional efficacy outcomes were assessed.

Results

In all-comers, TALA + ENZA was statistically superior to OLAP + AAP for rPFS (HR: 0.727; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.565, 0.935) and PSA response (OR: 1.663; 1.101, 2.510), and numerically favored for OS (HR: 0.847; 0.667, 1.076) and ORR (OR: 1.109; 0.646, 1.903). In patients with homologous recombination repair mutations (HRRm), relative to NIRA + AAP, TALA + ENZA was statistically superior for rPFS (HR: 0.460; 0.280, 0.754), and numerically favored for OS (HR: 0.601; 0.347, 1.041) and ORR (OR: 1.524; 0.579, 4.016).

Conclusions

Results suggest that TALA + ENZA may provide improvements in clinical outcomes relative to OLAP + AAP and NIRA + AAP in 1 L mCRPC; however, inherent limitations associated with the complexity of the analyses must be considered.
Preparation of a titanium-functionalized polymeric material rich in hydrophilic groups for phosphoproteome and glycoproteome analyses in serum
Authors: Sheng Xiuqin , Chen Jiakai , Shao Jiahui , Zhang Xiaoya , Wang Bing , Ding Chuan-Fan , Yan Yinghua
Published: December 2024

This work introduces a titanium-functionalized polymeric material rich in hydrophilic groups for phosphopeptide and glycopeptide enrichment in serum.
Effects of Systematically Guided vs. Self-Directed Laparoscopic Box Training on Learning Performances: An Observational Study
Authors: Neubacher Melissa , Darici Dogus , Krawczyk Natalia , Arslan Max , Pruss Maximilian , Fehm Tanja , Beyer Ines
Published: December 2024

Minimally invasive surgery is increasing in all fields of surgery. It is currently unknown whether structured training is superior to self-directed training. The aim of this study is to analyze the enhancement of surgical skills in laparoscopy box trainers in a systematically guided training program compared to self-directed training.

Two groups of 40 medical students were included in the study between 04/2021 and 01/2023. Each training session on the laparoscopic box trainer (Medishield BV, NL) was automatically protocolled, including time, force, and path length. The structured group consisted of 21 students working in peer tandem, while the self-directed group consisted of 19 last-year students in their four-month elective. The observational study was conducted in an ecological study design.

The self-directed cohort completed an average of 15 training sessions compared to the structured cohort’s 10 sessions. All participants in both groups improved in time, path length, and force. The structured cohort showed nearly linear improvement, while the self-directed cohort had high deviation in results.

Supervision and collaborative work positively influence laparoscopic training success. Mere availability of training does not exploit the potential of laparoscopic box trainers. Curriculums for young surgeons or medical students should include institutionalized training with a structured schedule and a training partner for improved outcomes.
„Supervised Automated Kinetic Perimetry“ (SAKP) mit simulierten Gesichtsfelddaten – Vorstellung einer neuen Untersuchungstechnik
Authors: Schiefer Ulrich , Wörner Michael , Zobor Ditta
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund Entwicklung, Optimierung, Training und Evaluation eines Algorithmus zur Durchführung der Supervised Automated Kinetic Perimetry (SAKP) unter Verwendung digitalisierter, simulierter perimetrischer Daten.

Methoden Der ursprüngliche SAKP-Algorithmus basierte auf den Ergebnissen einer multizentrischen Normwertstudie unter Verwendung der halbautomatischen kinetischen Perimetrie (SKP) und einer in Japan entwickelten automatisierten Untersuchungsmethode mit bewegten Messmarken („Program K“), welche die äußeren Winkel von Isopterensegmenten auswertete und auf Abweichungen von erwarteten Werten mit dort platzierten Untersuchungsvektoren zur Vermessung der GF-Außengrenzen (GF: Gesichtsfeld) reagierte. Diese Vorgehensweise wurde ergänzt durch spezielle Interpolationsverfahren zur Erstellung individueller 3-D-Sehhügel und sog. lokaler „Sondiervektoren“ zur Optimierung der Exzentrizität der Vektorursprünge. Dieser Algorithmus wurde iterativ für 7 repräsentative digitalisierte 3-dimensionale GF-Befunde aus 5 typischen Klassen trainiert und sukzessiv optimiert: (1) normales GF, (2) zentrales Skotom, (3) konzentrische GF-Konstriktion, (4) retinale nervenfaserbedingte GF-Defekte (=
GFD) und (5) GFD mit Respektierung des vertikalen Meridians. Der optimierte SAKP-Algorithmus wurde anschließend auf einen neuen Satz von 20 3-dimensionalen GF-Befunden unterschiedlicher Herkunft und unterschiedlichen Schweregrades angewendet. Die primären Zielgrößen waren die Übereinstimmung zwischen dem tatsächlichen und dem bewerteten GF, ausgedrückt als Genauigkeit (A), d. h. das Verhältnis zwischen der Fläche der korrekten Vorhersagen und der gesamten (berücksichtigten) Fläche der Vorhersagen (von 0 = schlechteste bis 1 = beste) sowie die Untersuchungsdauer (T). Die Ergebnisse sind als Median (und Interquartilsbereich) angegeben. Die Robustheit der Prüfung wurde auch durch Variation der individuellen Fehlerquote (ER) und der Fehlergröße (EM) überprüft.

Ergebnisse Median und Interquartilsbereich (= IQR, in Klammern angegeben) für die Gesamtheit der 20 repräsentativen GF waren 0,93 (0,02) für A bzw. 7,0 min (5,2 min) für T. A war am besten im Fall altitudinaler GFD und GFD mit hemianopem Charakter mit makularer Aussparung jeweils 0,98) und am schlechtesten im Fall superiorer keilförmiger GFD (0,78); T war am kürzesten im Fall der Verschiebung des blinden Flecks (3,9 min) und am längsten im Fall der GFD mit hemianopem Charakter und makularer Aussparung bei erhaltener temporaler Sichel (12,1 min). Die ER und EM (jeweils bis zu 30%) hatten einen vergleichsweise geringen Einfluss auf A bzw. T.

Schlussfolgerung Der hier vorgestellte SAKP-Algorithmus erreicht – bei akzeptablen Untersuchungszeiten – einen vergleichsweise hohen Grad an Genauigkeit und Robustheit in Bezug auf die tatsächlichen, simulierten Gesichtsfelddaten. Die Anwendung dieses Algorithmus auf reale Patientenuntersuchungen unter klinischen Bedingungen ist derzeit in Vorbereitung.
Causas de revisão de artroplastias totais do joelho em um hospital terciário no Brasil
Authors: Mozella Alan de Paula , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araújo Barros , Minamoto Sandra Tie Nishibe , Salim Rodrigo , Leal Ana Carolina
Published: December 2024

Objetivo Identificar as causas de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho em um centro de referência no Brasil.

Métodos Trata-se de uma série de casos, com 80 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho (RATJ) em um centro de referência em cirurgia do joelho, no período entre agosto de 2019 e novembro de 2021, com média de idade de 69,6 anos. Desses pacientes, 60,23% eram do sexo feminino e 39,77% do sexo masculino. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio foi de 30,23 kg/m2. As causas de falha da ATJ foram definidas como: infecção periprotética conforme critérios do 2018 Internacional Consensus Meeting, instabilidade ligamentar, limitação de arco de movimento, fratura periprotética, mal alinhamento, soltura asséptica, dor devido à não substituição da cartilagem patelar, desgaste do polietileno, fratura dos implantes, insuficiência do mecanismo extensor.

Resultados A infecção articular periprotética (IAP) foi a principal causa de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ), correspondendo a 47,73% dos casos. A soltura asséptica de um ou mais componentes representou o segundo motivo mais frequente para causa de falha de ATJ, acarretando 35,23% das revisões. Limitação do arco de movimento representou a terceira mais frequente causa, sendo responsável por 5,68% das cirurgias. Instabilidade foi a 4ª razão mais frequente para RATJ, ocorrendo em 4,55% dos pacientes. As demais causas de revisão foram: fratura periprotética (3,41%), insuficiência por ruptura do mecanismo extensor (2,27%), dor atribuída à não substituição da cartilagem patelar (1,14%).

Conclusões A infecção articular periprotética foi a causa mais frequente de revisão de ATJ em nossa série. Outras razões de falhas de ATJ foram, em ordem decrescente: soltura asséptica, limitação do arco de movimento e instabilidade.
Validação da versão em português brasileiro do questionário Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI)
Authors: Vilela Jose Carlos Souza , Barbosa Tadeu Fonseca , Araujo Daniel Oliveira , Gomes Yuri Vinicius Teles , Machado Thalles Leandro Abreu
Published: December 2024

Objetivo Avaliar a validade da versão em português do brasil do Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI).

Métodos Foram avaliados 51 pacientes, com idades entre 18 e 40 anos, que foram separados em 3 grupos: 17 pacientes com instabilidade do ombro em tratamento conservador, 17 com instabilidade do ombro tratados cirurgicamente e 17 sem instabilidade do ombro. Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliações funcional e de saúde pelos seguintes escores: WOSI, Rowe, Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), e University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale.

Resultados As variáveis sexo e idade se mostraram homogêneas entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Após análise comparativa dos escores, os pacientes submetidos a tratamento (cirúrgico ou conservador) apresentaram diferenças significativas na comparação com o grupo de controle (p < 0,05). A correlação entre os escores foi avaliada submetendo as medidas ao coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Todos os instrumentos analisados apresentaram relação significativa entre si. Entretanto, o nível de correlação foi distinto: foi observada correlação positiva perfeita entre os instrumentos WOSI e DASH (r = 0,96); os instrumentos WOSI e UCLA (r = 0,87), DASH e UCLA (r = 0,86), SSV e Rowe (r = 0,80), EVA e DASH (r = 0,75), EVA e UCLA (r = 0,74) e WOSI e EVA (r = 0,72) também apresentaram tendência de linearidade positiva entre as medidas; já os instrumentos WOSI e SSV, WOSI e Rowe, DASH e Rowe, SSV e UCLA (r = -0,83), SSV e DASH (r = -0,79), Rowe e UCLA (r = -0,78), EVA e SSV (r = -0,68) e EVA e Rowe (r = -0,60) apresentaram correlação negativa.

Conclusão A versão do WOSI em português do Brasil apresenta boa validade.
Clinical and Radiological Criteria for Surgery in Posttraumatic Extradural Hematoma: An Update from Central India
Authors: Rizvi Ela Haider , Sharma Snehil , Kashif Mohammad , Maheshwari Suramya , Singh Ravi Pratap , Khare Atul Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background The surgical management guidelines for any intracranial hemorrhage were objectively defined by the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) in 2006 for patients who should be treated surgically or conservatively. Since then, not much work has been done toward the identification of patients who are at high risk and may have progression of the hematoma who may ultimately require surgery. This study aimed to apply the said criteria to all patients coming to the hospital with extradural hematoma (EDH) and analyze the outcome of the patient whether treated conservatively or surgically on the basis of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and to observe the factors and variables that are associated with EDH that will help in furthering the demographic design of the entity in central India.

Materials and Methods A prospective and retrospective, ambivalent cohort study was performed at a hospital in central India involving all cases of computed tomography (CT) diagnosed EDH that were reported to the center from October 2016 to March 2018. A total of 78 patients were included in the study. Patients were selected and managed conservatively or surgically as per the criteria and were followed up until the outcome. In retrospective analysis, we evaluated the current criteria for surgery in all patients of posttraumatic EDH in the past 5 years and whose records were available. Condition on discharge or the outcome along with GOS was taken as the endpoint for retrospective analysis.

Results Temporoparietal and frontal regions were the most common sites of EDH and also presented higher mortality rates as compared with other sites. The majority of patients had EDH of length of greater than 5 cm and the mortality rate for the same group also increased with lesser survival chances with length of greater than 10 cm. Patients who presented with an EDH of greater than 1-cm width were higher in numbers, with survival rates decreasing with an increase in width, especially with an EDH greater than 2 cm.

Conclusion We conclude that the criteria laid out by the BTF, namely, CT findings of an EDH volume greater than 30 mL, width greater than 15 mm, and mildline shift of greater than 5 mm, hold good in cases of EDH. This study reviewed the previous criteria in the Indian setting and found them to hold good so far.
Theory of saturation in a semiconductor with a large carrier recombination frequency
Authors: Glazman L. I. , Tsukernik V. M.
Published: December 2024

We consider the optical pumping in a semiconductor when the energy of electrons introduced into the conduction band by light is smaller than the frequency of optical phonons. In this case, the inequality vR≫vϵ can also hold, where vR is the recombination frequency, and vϵ is the energy relaxation frequency of the carriers inside the band. We find the linear response to the low-frequency field and the photoconductivity of the semiconductor under saturation conditions for vϵ = 0, and calculate the correction to the stationary distribution function due to phonon scattering for vϵ ≪ vR.
Transverse electron focusing at high emitter currents
Authors: Kolesnichenko Yu. A.
Published: December 2024

A theoretical study is performed of nonlinear effects in transverse electron focusing by a homogeneous magnetic field. It is shown that the character and form of the focusing line on a potential contact depend on the character and degree of superheating of the emitter due to heat liberation upon passage of a high current through the emitter. The role of electron gas heating by the electric field in transverse focusing is analyzed.
Quantum oscillations of ultrasound attenuation in metals with dislocations under pressure
Authors: Natsik V. D. , Potemina L. G.
Published: December 2024

Ultrasound attenuation in metals by electrons localized near dislocations was investigated. In metals with a particular type of electronic spectrum, the level of the chemical potential may fall within the discrete spectrum of the localized electrons. The sound attenuation factor thus becomes an oscillating function of the external parameters controlling the level of the chemical potential (e.g., the pressure or the impurity concentration). The oscillations are very distinct at sufficiently low temperatures for ordered dislocation structures. The picture of the oscillations becomes smeared as the temperature rises, the dislocation distribution is randomized, and impurities are introduced.
Temperature dependence of spin–lattice relaxation probabilities in the excited triplet state of crystalline benzil
Authors: Avdeenko A. A. , Karachevtsev V. A. , Naboikin Yu. V. , Pakulov S. N.
Published: December 2024

In the temperature range 6–40 °K we studied the temperature dependence of the rate constants of electron spin-lattice relaxation between the most photoactive sublevel of the excited triplet state of crystalline benzil and the other two sublevels. Analysis of this temperature dependence reveals that spin–lattice relaxation is induced by thermal transitions to local phonon states which result from conformational changes in photoexcited benzil molecules in the matrix of the unexcited crystal.
Structure and thermodynamic properties of solid 15N2
Authors: Krupskii I. N. , Prokhvatilov A. I. , Érenburg A. I. , Isakina A. P.
Published: December 2024

X-ray investigations of solid 15N2 have been carried out at temperatures of 6–63 °K. The crystal structures of the low-and high-temperature phases of solid 15N2 and 14N2 are found to be identical. Data on the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters are used to determine density, molar volume, and thermal expansion coefficients. The effects of isotopic substitution on the properties of solid nitrogen are also considered.
Irregular variation of rotation velocity of a freely suspended vessel of He II
Authors: Tsakadze S. Dzh.
Published: December 2024

It is shown that the rotation velocity of a freely suspended vessel containing He II, which rotates with little damping, can spontaneously increase because of some vortices leaving the vessel or annihilating at the wall. The rotation velocity of the vessel, containing a stack of disks, is found to vary irregularly in the interval between spontaneous accelerations.
Magnetoresistivity of samarium in the 4.2–300 °K range
Authors: Trubitsyn V. A. , Shalashov V. F.
Published: December 2024

The electrical resistivity and the transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistivity of 99.9% pure polycrystalline samarium were measured in the temperature range 4.2–300 °K in magnetic fields of up to 50 kOe. The resistivity component due to spin disorder is 30.7 µΩ · cm, m*/m = 2.6, and the exchange constant is G = 3.1 eV · Å3. Both the transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistivities are positive at 4.2 °K and display some anomalies as the temperature is raised, apparently as the result of changes in the magnetic structure of samarium.
Magnetoresistivity and electrical resistivity of indium-doped ZnCr2Se4 single crystals
Authors: Belov K. P. , Koroleva L. I. , Tovmasyan L. N. , Kalinnikov V. T. , Aminov T. G.
Published: December 2024

The dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ of indium-doped ZnCr2Se4 single crystals was studied in the low-temperature range where an antiferromagnetic helicoidal spin structure exists and above the Néel temperature TN, where a short-range magnetic order is observed. The ρ(T) curves display one or two maxima at TN and in the region where short-range magnetic order exists. No magnetoresistivity (MR) exists at 4.2 °K ≤ T < TN in fields below the critical value Hcr; when H > Hcr a high negative MR appears. A high MR was detected at T > TN (region of short-range magnetic order). As H grows further, MR becomes negative. In this temperature range we also observe a hysteresis of ρ in a magnetic field, which confirms the existence of a first-order phase transition at TN. On the basis of the impurity ferron hypothesis we give an explanation for the behavior of the electrical properties at T≥ TN.
Measurement of the relaxation times of He II in a doubly connected volume after an abrupt increase in the rotational velocity
Authors: Tsakadze S. Dzh.
Published: December 2024

The relaxation times for vortex-lattice formation in a rotating doubly connected spherical vessel have been measured. An expression describing the dependence of the relaxation time on the various parameters is derived, and the values of the constants are determined. The relaxation times for pulsars are computed.
Superconducting modification of bismuth produced by shock compression
Authors: Alekseevskii V. P. , Balabanov E. I. , Gakel’ V. R. , Kovaleva O. V. , Kostromin A. S. , Mikheev V. A.
Published: December 2024

A finely dispersed modification of bismuth that undergoes a superconducting transition at 8.55 °K has been produced through processing by shock compression up to pressures of 1 Mbar. This modification is identical with the metastable modification bismuth-V, but, unlike the latter, it exists at ordinary pressures.
On the critical temperature of superconducting thin films
Authors: Bukhshtab E. I.
Published: December 2024

The increase in the critical temperature of the superconducting transition in thin films is related to the change, due to the surface bending of the bands, of the electron concentration in samples of finite dimension. The empirical film-thickness dependence of the charge-carrier concentration, known from experiments on semimetal films, is substituted into the BCS formula for the Tc. The resulting expression describes well the thickness dependence of the Tc for Al, Sn, and In films.
Torsional oscillations of superconducting plates in a magnetic field
Authors: Miloshenko V. E. , Lomakin V. V. , Savel’ev Yu. N. , Roshchupkin A. M. , Shunin G. E.
Published: December 2024

An experimental procedure for investigating the logarithmic decrement, σ, and frequency, f, of the free torsional oscillations of a sample in an external magnetic field is described. The results of an experimental investigation of the functions σ(H) and f(H) for single-crystal Pb–18 at% In samples in the form of 10×5×0.1-10×5×0.9 mm3 plates are presented. In the Hc1<H0<Hc2 magnetic field range the functions σ(H) and f(H) have singularities whose magnitudes and positions depend on the oscillation frequency: they decrease and shift toward the region of lower fields as the frequency is increased. Small-amplitude torsional oscillations of a thin type-II superconductor plate in a transverse magnetic field H0 are theoretically considered. The response of the mixed state to the external magnetic field’s variable component induced as a result of the oscillations of the plate is described phenomenologically with the aid of the Maxwell equations and the Gittleman-Rosenblum model (Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 734 (1966)). The torque, K(f)ϕ0c−2πift (ϕ0 is the amplitude of the oscillations), of the forces acting on the plate is represented in the form of a sum of a diamagnetic moment, present when H0<Hc2, and a moment due to the interaction of the eddy currents with the field H0, the latter moment being computed without allowance for the boundary effects at the ends of the plate. The dependence on H0 of the plate-oscillation-frequency shift Δf and the logarithmic decrement σ, which are connected with K(f) through the relations Δf = –ReK(f0)/8π2Ifo, σ=ImKf0/4πf02 where I is the moment of inertia of the plate and f0 is the oscillation frequency of the plate in zero field, is determined. The quantity Δf is negative in the Meissner state, but as H0 is increased, it becomes positive, passes through a maximum, and then falls to the normal-state value. The decrement is greatest in the mixed state in the case of weak pinning of the vortices when 2d ∼2.3λf (2d is the plate thickness and λf is the effective skin depth in the mixed state). These results quanlitatively agree with the experimental data.
Dynamic properties of a two-dimensional electronic crystal on a helium surface in a strong magnetic field
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: December 2024

Energy losses are calculated in a two-dimensional electronic crystal on a liquid helium surface in a rapidly changing electric field in the presence of a strong constant magnetic field. The structure of resonances that occur in the system as a result of the excitation of standing capillary waves is determined. It is shown that there is a good possibility of using the results obtained to measure the values of the mean-square electron displacement as a function of magnetic field strength and for the experimental verification of various theoretical models that describe melting of a two-dimensional solid.
Sound propagation in liquid He3 at elevated density and temperature to 0.35 °K
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Esel’son B. N.
Published: December 2024

The velocity of propagation and attenuation of sound in liquid He3 are measured at densities of 0.0849, 0.0921, 0.0961, 0.1025, and 0.1095 g/cm3 over the temperature range 1.4−0.35 °K at frequencies of 18.96 and 24.40 MHz. The experiments indicate that in the range studied the speed of sound is linearly dependent on helium density. Sound attenuation data are used to calculate the first viscosity coefficient. It is found that at temperatures below ∼0.8 °K the first viscosity decreases with increase in He3 density.
Magnetooptical interaction of light with a “longitudinal static spin wave” structure
Authors: Sementsov D. I.
Published: December 2024

The analysis of the solution of the wave equation for the given type of periodic inhomogeneity indicates the existence of forbidden regions in the frequency spectrum where the interaction of light with the medium has a resonant character. It is shown that the transmission (T) and reflection (R) coefficients of the light wave in the film outside the resonant regions are oscillating functions of the thickness of the film, whereas in the resonant regions they are monotonic. As the thickness of the film increases, T→0 and R→1.
Interaction between spin-wave branches in easy-plane ferromagnets
Authors: Loktev V. M.
Published: December 2024

We find proper energies of an easy-plane ferromagnet in an arbitrary-direction external magnetic field.