bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АСПЕКТЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
Authors: Удовиченко Александр Иванович
Published: October 2019

Цель: уровень развития экономической системы невозможен без постоянного применения современного инструментария выстраивания эффективных процессов и установления партнерских отношений. На современном этапе развития при повышении конкурентоспособности региональных экономических систем необходимо применять современный инструментарий выстраивания эффективных процессов и установления партнерских отношений сотрудничества. Обсуждение: под региональными экономическими системами (РЭС) можно определить объединение ряда предприятий и организаций по совокупности признаков в единую группу. Разработка методологии стратегического развития экономических систем требует дополнения традиционных функций менеджмента функцией «корпоративное партнерство». Реализация этой функции требует соответствия экономических систем следующим принципам: организация, планирование, взаимное доверие, гибкость, культурные различия, мотивация, коммерческая реализация технологий, обучение, контроль. Результаты: проанализированы современные тенденции и сделаны выводы о необходимости разработки стратегий, нацеленных на формирование ключевых компетенций.
РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДОВ ПРОГРАММНО-ЦЕЛЕВОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ НА КОНКУРЕНТНОМ РЫНКЕ
Authors: Smotrova T I , Fokina O M
Published: October 2019

Цель: исследовать нормативную базу и программно-целевые методы планирования как инструмент государственного управления транспортной инфраструктуры и предложить рекомендации по их развитию. Обсуждение: применение методов программно-целевого планирования транспортной инфраструктуры направлено на решение одной из важнейших социально-экономических проблем отечественной экономики – развитие современной транспортной системы, позволяющей обеспечить выполнение функций в развитии экономики не только отдельных регионов, но и РФ в целом, доступности и безопасности услуг транспортного комплекса. Практика последних лет показала, что регионы с высокой транспортной доступностью являются экономически более развитыми. Результаты: программно-целевое планирование развития транспортной инфраструктуры требует комплексный подход к совершенствованию методов планирования. Предложены пути совершенствования планирования транспортной инфраструктуры на основе разграничения практики на законодательном уровне полномочий региональных, федеральных и муниципальных властей и создание согласованной системы законодательных актов.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ КОНКУРЕНЦИИ И ПОДДЕРЖКИ СУБЪЕКТОВ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА, В ТОМ ЧИСЛЕ В СФЕРЕ НАРУЖНОЙ РЕКЛАМЫ
Authors: Kashevarov A B , Nikitina T E
Published: October 2019

Цель: обосновать актуальность поднимаемых вопросов развития конкуренции и поддержки субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в сфере наружной рекламы. Обсуждение: анализ действующего законодательства в сфере наружной рекламы способствует определению вектора развития и актуализации основных положений законодательства в области поддержки предпринимательства и развития конкуренции. К полномочиям антимонопольных органов относятся не только карательная функция, направленная на выявление и пресечение выявленных нарушений законодательства, но и предупредительная функция, позволяющая всем заинтересованным лицам получить необходимые разъяснения норм права, методическую помощь с тем, чтобы, в свою очередь, осуществлять меры, направленные на развитие конкуренции, предотвращение и профилактику нарушений антимонопольного законодательства. Результаты: активное взаимодействие Федеральной антимонопольной службы, иных органов власти, представителей малого и среднего предпринимательства способствует скорейшему достижению целей, которые поставлены в рамках реализации основных направлениях государственной политики, закрепленных в Национальном плане развитии конкуренции.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ УЧЕТА КАЗЕННЫМИ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯМИ ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ АРЕНДЫ
Authors: Belgorodtseva Y V , Moiseeva I I
Published: October 2019

Цель: Принятие СГС «Аренда» возникло немало вопросов вопросы у практикующих бухгалтеров. Обсуждение: Начиная с 2018 г. бухгалтерский учет операций по аренде следует вести в соответствии с федеральным стандартом бухгалтерского учета для организаций государственного сектора «Аренда», утвержденным приказом Минфина РФ от 31.12.2016 № 258. Соответственно произошли изменения в учете объектов аренды, в порядке их отражения на счетах бухгалтерского учета. Т.е. вступили в силу новые правила отражения в учете фактов хозяйственной жизни наиболее распространенного вида арендных отношений – предоставления в аренду помещений обеими сторонами – арендатором и арендодателем. Результаты: В своем исследовании мы уделили внимание рассмотрению отдельных вопросов порядка отражения на счетах бухгалтерского (бюджетного) учета операционной и финансовой (неоперационной) аренды казначейских учреждений. Представили примеры и на их основе даны комментарии по практическому применению.
РИСКИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ: ОЦЕНКИ ЭКСПЕРТОВ И ЛЮБИТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Рисин Игорь Ефимович , Трещевский Дмитрий Юрьевич , Пенина Екатерина Олеговна
Published: October 2019

Цель: провести оценку рисков инновационных проектов с позиций экспертов и людей, не располагающих специальными знаниями, но достаточно подготовленных в области экономики и управления (любителей), сопоставить их точки зрения, выявить общие черты и различия в их взглядах. Обсуждение: в настоящее время в научных кругах и среди практиков управления распространено мнение, что риски инновационных проектов, реализуемых в социально-экономических системах различного уровня, весьма высоки. Оценка рисков обеими группами показала, что величина рисков преувеличена. Результаты: в итоге проведенного анкетирования и обработки данных методом нечетких множеств выявлено однозначное мнение о невысоком общем уровне рисков инновационного развития. Мнения экспертов и любителей достаточно согласованы как внутри групп, так и между ними. Наиболее высоки рыночные и кадровые риски. Наименее выражены технико-технологические риски и институциональные риски. Полученные результаты позволяют предприятиям и их подразделениям в известной степени прогнозировать области возникновения рисков и уровня их влияния на планируемые и реализуемые инновационные проекты.
ОЦЕНКА ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫХ НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКИХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В РЕГИОНАХ
Authors: Артамонова Анна Станиславовна
Published: October 2019

Цель: разработать и апробировать методику оценки функционирования социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций в российских регионах. Обсуждение: большая часть методик оценки функционирования некоммерческих организаций затрагивает лишь аспект их внутренней эффективности. Недостаток комплексных оценок предполагается восполнить авторской методикой. В ходе исследования был предложен алгоритм расчета интегрального показателя, позволившего дифференцировать регионы по уровню развития социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций. Результаты: в результате распределения субъектов РФ по группам были определены семь групп регионов по уровню развития социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций в регионах. Проведенный анализ выявил, что уровень развития социально ориентированных некоммерческих организаций в большинстве регионов сегодня недостаточен для их активного и эффективного участия в качестве полноценных партнеров государства в решении социальных проблем.
КОНКУРЕНТНОЕ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ ЗАТРАТ, ВКЛЮЧАЕМЫХ В ТАРИФ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ И РЕМОНТ ЖИЛЬЯ
Authors: Попов Виталий Геннадьевич , Анисимова Надежда Александровна , Смотрова Татьяна Ивановна
Published: October 2019

Цель: исследовать нормативную методическую базу, действующий порядок планирования затрат, включаемых в тариф на содержание и ремонт жилья, и разработать рекомендации по совершенствованию методики расчета затрат на содержание и ремонт многоквартирного дома. Обсуждение: целесообразность экономического обоснования состава и стоимости работ, подлежащих выполнению организациями жилищного самоуправления в процессе эксплуатации многоквартирного дома, и необходимость конкурентного совершенствования процедуры планирования затрат на ремонт и содержание жилья в связи с отсутствием качественной методической базы. Результаты: предложен подход к экономическому обоснованию размера затрат на выполнение работ по текущему ремонту и технической эксплуатации жилья и санитарному содержанию мест общего пользования и придомовой территории и конкурентному совершенствованию процедуры планирования затрат на содержание и ремонт жилья.
Protocol- Romantic relationships and family in Spaniards emerging adults v1
Authors: Díez Marta
Published: October 2019

The exploration of and search for romantic relationships is one of the developmental tasks that characterize emerging adulthood, a new developmental phase half way between adolescence and full adulthood. The present study aims to explore the relationships which exist between the subjective perception of some parental behaviour and the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment during emerging adulthood. The results revealed that perceived family support and perceived parental warmth were negatively associated with the avoidance and anxiety dimensions. In contrast, perceived parental control (both behavioral and psychological) was found to be positively associated with both attachment dimensions. Perceived behavioral control was also found to play a moderator role between perceived parental warmth and romantic attachment anxiety. This research therefore adds to our knowledge of how to help young people establish healthy romantic relationships, one of the principal developmental tasks of emerging adulthood, and does so by analyzing the role played by the family in this undertaking. Indeed, the family continues to be a key development context for young people and influence them on the romantic partner choice. Young people who, in both Spain and many other Western countries, continue to live in the family home until well into their third decade of life. This is a new phenomenon which previous generations did not experience, and further study is required to enable a more thorough understanding of this period.
Viral metagenomics using SMART-9n amplification and nanopore sequencing v1
Authors: Claro Morales Ingra , Quick Josh
Published: October 2019

This is a SMART-Seq (Switch Mechanism at the 5′ End of RNA Templates) protocol developed to use random 9n priming and be compatible with ONT RLB rapid, barcoded adapters available from the SQK-RPB004 kit. We have generated cDNA reads in excess of 10 kb from Zika viral reference material with this protocol.
MojoSort™ Mouse CD4 Nanobeads Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: October 2019

Product description and procedure summary: The cells targeted by the Nanobeads are either selected or depleted by incubating your sample with the directly conjugated magnetic particles. The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. After collection of the targeted cells, downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc. Note:This procedure is optimized for the isolation of 107 to 2 x 108 cells per tube. If working with fewer than 107 cells, keep volumes as indicated for 107 cells. For best results, optimize the conditions to your specific cell number and tissue. Prepare fresh MojoSort™ Buffer solution by diluting the 5X concentrate with sterile distilled water. Scale up volumes if using 14mL tubes and Magnet, and place the tube in the magnet for 10 minutes.
Clinical significance of EGFR mutation subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma : A multi-center Korean study v2
Authors: Yoon Hee-Young , Ryu Jeong-Seon , Su Sim Yun , Kim Dojin , Yong Lee Sung , Choi Juwhan , Ju Ryu Yon , Hwa Lee Jin , Hyun Chang Jung
Published: October 2019

Background: Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Some causative genetic mutations, including deletion of exon (E) 19 and point mutation of E 21, are known to have a favourable prognoses due to sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, the prognoses of other uncommon mutations are unclear. The goal of this study was to analyse the clinical significance of EGFR mutation subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: We retrospective reviewed 1021 patients (mean age: 66.8 years, female: 41.7%) who were diagnosed with advanced (stage III–IV) lung adenocarcinoma, had EGFR mutation data, and did not undergo surgery from five medical institutes between 2010–2016. Patients were classified according to EGFR mutation status, particularly for exon-specific mutations. Results: The median follow-up period was 13.3 months. EGFR positivity was 38.1%, with the incidence of mutations in E 18, 19, 20, and 21 being 3.6%, 51.2%, 3.3%, and 41.9%, respectively. The EGFR positive group survived significantly longer than the negative group (p<0.001), and there was a significant difference in survival among the four EGFR subtypes (p=0.004): mutation in E 19 showed a better survival probability compared with the other subtypes (p<0.001), whereas mutation in E 21 showed a poorer prognosis (p=0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that mutation in E 19 was the only significant factor that lowered mortality rate (HR:0.415, p=0.001), while mutations in E 18, 20, and 21 were not significant. Amongst EGFR-positive cases, TKI non-responders had a significantly higher proportion of E 21 mutations compared with TKI-responders (p=0.047). Conclusion: In advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, mutations in E 19 predict good prognoses, while the presence of mutations in E 18, 20, and 21 did not significantly affect survival. Unlike previous reports, mutations in E 18 and 20 were not worse factors than mutation in E 21.
MojoSort™ Human anti-APC Nanobeads Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: October 2019

Product description and procedure summary: Target cells are positively selected or depleted by incubating the sample with an anti-human APC conjugated antibody, followed by incubation with magnetic anti-APC Nanobeads. The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. These are the APC+ cells, do not discard them if those are the cells of interest. Some of the downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc. Note:This procedure is optimized for the isolation of 107 to 2 x 108 cells per tube. If working with fewer than 107 cells, keep volumes as indicated for 107 cells. For best results, optimize the conditions to your specific cell number and tissue. Prepare fresh MojoSort™ Buffer solution by diluting the 5X concentrate with sterile distilled water.Scale up volumes if using 14 mL tubes and Magnet, and place the tube in the magnet for 10 minutes.
MojoSort™ Human anti-PE Nanobeads Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: October 2019

Product description and procedure summary:Target cells are positively selected or depleted by incubating the sample with an anti-human PE conjugated antibody, followed by incubation with magnetic anti-PE Nanobeads. The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. These are the PE+ cells, do not discard them if those are the cells of interest. Some of the downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc. Note:This procedure is optimized for the isolation of 107 to 2 x 108 cells per tube. If working with fewer than 107 cells, keep volumes as indicated for 107 cells. For best results, optimize the conditions to your specific cell number and tissue. Prepare fresh MojoSort™ Buffer solution by diluting the 5X concentrate with sterile distilled water. Scale up volumes if using 14 mL tubes and Magnet, and place the tube in the magnet for 10 minutes.
MojoSort™ Human CD14 Nanobeads Protocol v2
Authors: Li Sam
Published: October 2019

Product description and procedure summary: The cells targeted by the Nanobeads are either selected or depleted by incubating your sample with the directly conjugated magnetic particles. The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. After collection of the targeted cells, downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc. Note:This procedure is optimized for the isolation of 107 to 2 x 108 cells per tube. If working with fewer than 107 cells, keep volumes as indicated for 107 cells. For best results, optimize the conditions to your specific cell number and tissue. Prepare fresh MojoSort™ Buffer solution by diluting the 5X concentrate with sterile distilled water. Scale up volumes if using 14 mL tubes and Magnet, and place the tube in the magnet for 10 minutes.
MojoSort™ Isolation Kits Protocol - 1 v2
Authors: Li Sam
Published: October 2019

Product description and procedure summary: Target cells are depleted by incubating the sample with the biotin antibody cocktail followed by incubation with magnetic Streptavidin Nanobeads (Cat. No.480015/480016). The magnetically labeled fraction is retained by the use of a magnetic separator. The untouched cells are collected. These are the cells of interest; do not discard the liquid. Some of the downstream applications include functional assays, gene expression, phenotypic characterization, etc. Note:This protocol has been optimized to remove washing steps after antibody cocktail and nanobeads incubations, resulting in a shorter and more convenient protocol. This procedure is optimized for the isolation of 107 to 2 x 108 cells per tube. If working with fewer than 107 cells, keep volumes as indicated for 107 cells. For best results, optimize the conditions to your specific cell number and tissue. Prepare fresh MojoSort™ Buffer solution by diluting the 5X concentrate with sterile distilled water. Scale up volumes if using 14 mL tubes and Magnet, and place the tube in the magnet for 10 minutes.
CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, particle bombardment v1
Authors: Moosburner Mark
Published: October 2019

Particle bombardment mediated transformation of CRISPR-Cas9 components to the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
WarmStart LAMP® v1
Authors: Schackart Kenneth
Published: October 2019

How to run nucleic acid amplification using the Warm-Start LAMP kit. Each reaction produces 25 μL. For the original protocol, look at: . *I have not verified the details of this protocol, I would like to remove it, but I cannot since it has been forked. If you would like to use this protocol, I would recommend using the PDF above instead.
KONSEP TASAWUF SYAIKH NAWAWI AL-BANTANI DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI PERSEKOLAHAN
Authors: Hidayatulloh Muhammad Ridwan , Kosasih Aceng , Fahrudin Fahrudin
Published: October 2019

Di era modern yang hampir runtuh ini, masih banyak manusia yang menegasikan unsur spiritual, sehingga terjadi dekadensi moral. Fenomena tersebut harus diantisipasi oleh umat Islam dengan menggali kembali ajaran spiritual dan mengaplikasikannya di kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam agama Islam terdapat ajaran yang sangat menanamkan unsur spirtual dan manajemen hati, yaitu tasawuf. Di antara berbagai tokoh yang menyebarkan pemahaman tentang tasawuf, Syaikh Nawawi Al-Bantani menggambarkan tasawuf yang terintegrasi dalam setiap ibadah dan aktivitas muslim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan konsep tasawuf Syaikh Nawawi Al-Bantani dan implikasinya terhadap Pendidikan Agama Islam di persekolahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pen-dekatan kualitatif  dengan metode deskriptif. Pertimbangan penggunaan metode ini adalah untuk mengung-kap konsep tawasuf Syaikh Nawawi Al-Bantani dari berbagai karyanya, dan bagaimana implikasinya terha-dap Pendidikan Agama Islam di persekolahan. Dalam pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan teknik studi literatur dan library research. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran mengenai tasawuf Syaikh Nawawi Al-Bantani yang mengintergrasikan antara syariat, tarekat dan hakikat, serta wasiat-wasiat Syaikh Nawawi kepada setiap muslim yang hendak menempuh jalan menuju Allah. Konsep ini terimplikasi dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam yang harus menyeimbangkan antara ketiga aspek, yaitu Aqidah, Syariah, dan Akhlak, serta mengintegrasikan antara aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor
Projecting the future of Ayapel Cienaga: A hydroecologic analysis under climate change scenarios
Authors: Serna-López Juan Pablo , Cañon-Barriga Julio Eduardo
Published: October 2019

We developed a three-component model to evaluate the present and future hydrological behavior of Ayapel Cienaga under different scenarios of climate variability and human intervention associated with fishing and mining activities and the maintenance of levees. We calibrated the water balance with historical information on hydrological variables, water levels, stream discharges, fishing activities and gold mining records in the period 1985-2015. We use autoregressive statistical models to project climate scenarios that consider extreme variations in mean monthly rainfall, ENSO activity, temperature increases of 2°C, and levee breaks along the Cauca River. In addition, we incorporated two dynamic of systems models of bocachico fish population and mercury accumulation in the Cienaga. The simulations indicate that the Cienaga levels can be affected by extreme changes in rainfall associated with ENSO. The model estimates the fraction of water that could enter from the Cauca River due to levee breaks. Furthermore, using a fish dynamic population we could project the population and catch of bocachico. Finally, the mercury balance model due to mining in the region help to estimate mercury concentrations in water, fish and aquatic macrophytes matrices. This model offers a tool for management and decision-making in ecohydrological aspects of the Cienaga under different climate change scenarios.
Spectral signature of brown rust and orange rust in sugarcane
Authors: Rodríguez-Machado Eniel , Aday-Díaz Osmany , Hernández-Santana Luis , Soca-Muñoz Jorge Luís , Orozco-Morales Rubén
Published: October 2019

Precision agriculture, making use of the spatial and temporal variability of cultivable land, allows farmers to refine fertilization, control field irrigation, estimate planting productivity, and detect pests and disease in crops. To that end, this paper identifies the spectral reflectance signature of brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), which contaminate sugar cane leaves (Saccharum spp.). By means of spectrometry, the mean values and standard deviations of the spectral reflectance signature are obtained for five levels of contamination of the leaves in each type of rust, observing the greatest differences between healthy and diseased leaves in the red (R) and near infrared (NIR) bands. With the results obtained, a multispectral camera was used to obtain images of the leaves and calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results identified the presence of both plagues by differentiating healthy from contaminated leaves through the index value with an average difference of 11.9% for brown rust and 9.9% for orange rust.
Visions from the Desert. The Metamorphoses of Dorothea Tanning
Authors: Balsach Peig Maria Josep
Published: October 2019

This paper offers an overview of the oeuvre of Dorothea Tanning (1910-2012) based on the iconography and hermeneutics of images relating to identity, trauma and violence. Tanning was not only a painter, but also a sculptor, writer, poet and outstanding chess player, who single-handedly pursued her artistic career through the best part of the twentieth century until her death. In addition, reference will be made to artists with links to Surrealism, such as Leonora Carrington, Dora Maar, Maya Deren and Louise Bourgeois, in order to frame the aspects discussed here in a wider context of female artists. Thus, Tanning will serve as a paradigmatic example of a sensitivity tending towards the mysterious, the occult and trauma in general.
ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS TO ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS
Authors: Pudelka Jörg
Published: October 2019

Purpose. Preconditions for the enactment of an administrative act and the legal effects following from enactment of such an act are not always absolutely clear. The reason is life’s diversity and the related fact that in life it is impossible to plan everything in advance, therefore, it is also impossible to regulate each detail by law. In this context, there is the need to

have certain flexibility in issues connected with the application of legal regulations (as part of the regulatory scope) and their impact (as part of the legal effects of the regulation).

Methods. As concerns the regulatory scope, this is implemented by the use of indeterminate legal concepts (assessment). But in turn, the concepts shouldn’t breach the principle of the rule of law, and, at the same time, they must be clearly stated. In practice, this is achieved mainly through specifications by a long-term judicial practice which determines the relevant administrative practice.

Results. As concerns legal effects, there are regulations providing for discretion and therefore ensuring the possibility for the administrative authority to select the appropriate addressee and means of action. In this context, the administrative authority may also choose whether or not to publish an administrative act with an additional provision. Such additional provisions include determination of the terms, conditions, instruction, a clause on revocability and clause on imposition or modification of an obligation. If the administrative act is published at the discretion of the executive authority, then the act may be extended by additional provisions at the appropriate discretion of the executive body. If the administrative act is not issued under the discretion of the executive body, additional provisions may be added if it is definitely permitted by law or if the additional provision is required only for ensuring the fulfillment of the legal preconditions for the enactment of an administrative act.

Conclusions. The article covers the nature and preconditions for enacting additional provisions in administrative law.
Technical and Social Innovations: A New Field of Research
Authors: Hansen S.
Published: October 2019

The grand narrative of cultural developments claims that all technical achievements in prehistory stemmed from urban centres in Mesopotamia and Egypt. But current studies, for instance on the oldest wagons, have opened up space for alternative working hypotheses and models: modern radiocarbon dating of complexes that revealed the cited innovations, e.g. the oldest wagons, functional metal tools, and an advanced copper metallurgy, which predate their fi rst appearance in Mesopotamia, questions the role of this region in the development of technology. Possibly Mesopotamian cities operated rather as a melting pot of numerous innovations obtained from different areas, which were then re-combined and placed into a different context. The North Caucasus, in particular the Early Bronze Age Maykop culture, is an exemplary candidate for such an interactive process in technical developments. The Maykop culture has been known in research for 120 years, and its genesis is supposed to have originated in Mesopotamia. This is an archaeological narrative meant to explain the high technical state of the Maykop culture. In the light of the new chronology based on a relatively small number of radiocarbon dates, a re-examination and alternative models are necessary. It is obvious that this culture developed a highly innovative potential in metalworking and sheep breeding and fulfi lled an important function as mediator in knowledge transfer between the Eurasian steppe and Upper Mesopotamia. Recent aDNA studies support this view.
REPLY TO A.V. SMAGIN: V. WHAT IS WRONG WITH AN “ABIOTIC PAPER” AND DO WE ALWAYS NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ABIOTIC GAS ABSORPTION BY SOIL?
Authors: Glagolev Mikhail Vladimirovich , Sabrekov Alexander Faritovich
Published: October 2019

A paper of prof. A.V. Smagin [2007] is analyzed (both from outer scientometric and inner meaningful points of view). In this paper he considers the abiotic absorption of gases by organogenic soils. In this regard, claims of the author of the article to the work of V. M. Stepanenko and his colleagues on the modeling of methane emissions from lakes on the territory of permafrost are also discussed. An idea that (in contrast to the views of A.V. Smagin) a necessity to account for abiotic uptake depends on properties of modeled object is formulated. In particular, if blocks of climate models are developed (like the Stepanenko model), which should work on timescales of 103÷104 hours and more, it makes no sense to take into account the abiotic uptake that occurs within significantly shorter time intervals and concerns an extremely small amount of methane (compared to its total amount, which is released within the indicated 103-104 hours). In addition potential uncertainties of deep soil chamber technique that could be generated by abiotic absorption and biogenic oxidation of methane are discussed.
The Effect of Age on the Indicator of Individual Norm of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Yousef N. Yu. , Kazaryan E. E. , Rafaelyan A. A. , Safonova D. M. , Shkolyarenko N. Yu. , Matyuschenko A. G.
Published: October 2019

The screening method for determination of individual norm of IOP proved the efficiency for early glaucoma diagnosis and for the treatment and monitoring of a disease. Purpose: definition of compliance of IOP to individual norm or tolerant IOP (TIOP) in different age groups Patients and methods. 4212 women (65.6%) and 2205 men (34.4%) aged from 22 up to 80 years participated in a research. In total 12820 examinations were analyzed. At each patient the result of compliance of settlement TIOP to the available real oftalmotonus was estimated. Patients with excess of an oftalmotonus concerning TVGD up to 15% were carried to group with low risk of disease developing, with excess from 15 to 25% — with average risk, by more than 25% — with high risk of glaucoma development. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on age: younger 40 years, with average age of 35 years (620 eyes); from 40 to 60 years, with middle age 54 years (2724 eyes); 60 years, with middle age are more senior 73 years. Results. The regularity consisting in decrease in an indicator of lack of risk of glaucoma with age and in increase in high risk of a disease in the senior age groups was revealed. For patients who entered into risk group, morfofunctional monitoring for the glaucoma exception, dynamic observation with the subsequent analysis of the received results through certain time was recommended. The obtained data confirm decrease in hemodynamic parameters of eyes with increase in age, and assessment of indicators of microcirculation of an eye with calculation of TIOP can be one of important diagnostic criteria for glaucoma diagnostics and monitoring.
Las concepciones de ambiente inciden en el modelo de enseñanza de la educación ambiental
Authors: Quintero Mariana , Solarte María Claudia
Published: October 2019

El artículo presenta el trabajo realizado en torno a la identificación de un modelo de educación ambiental a partir de la observación y análisis de prácticas de enseñanza de educación ambiental obtenidas como resultado de un estudio de caso. La hipótesis que se sostiene a lo largo de la investigación indica que las actividades de enseñanza en educación ambiental son producto de la concepción que se tiene del ambiente en el contexto estudiado. Para dar respuesta a la hipótesis se realizó el análisis de las prácticas de enseñanza de una maestra, a partir de la aplicación y análisis de instrumentos cualitativos; posteriormente se trianguló la información obtenida para identificar su modelo de enseñanza.  Los resultados del estudio revelaron que el modelo de enseñanza de la maestra es sistémico, pues implementa varias actividades y a través de ellas establece relaciones entre diversos componentes del ambiente, y antropocéntrico, en tanto que considera que uno de sus compromisos en la enseñanza es la protección de la naturaleza. Lo anterior permitió demostrar la hipótesis de trabajo, a saber, que los modelos identificados coinciden con la concepción de ambiente y de educación ambiental de la maestra.
A New Funding Mechanism: Social Impact Bonds and the Implications for the Public Sector
Authors: Ridge Natasha , Kippels Susan , Jaewon Chung Brian
Published: October 2019

Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) are often portrayed as providing both social benefits and financial returns. However, as SIBs are a relatively recent invention, they have yet to prove their ability to bring about effective, innovative, and long lasting solutions for social change. Despite this, governments and philanthropic organizations around the world continue to be attracted to the promises made by proponents of SIBs. In the context of the increased discussion of and interest in SIBs, this policy paper explains the development of the growth and motivations behind various stakeholder involvement in SIBs and examines current SIB activities across sectors, particularly education. The paper also explores the appeal of SIBs and concludes with policy recommendations for governments to be able to get the most from a SIB initiative.
Transforming Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Ras Al Khaimah
Authors: M. Albeshan Salman , G. Mackey Martin , Z. Hossain Syeda , C. Brennan Patrick
Published: October 2019

In the past few decades, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has undergone substantial economic, social, and cultural changes that have resulted in a significant transition from a traditional to a more Western lifestyle. Although the incidence and death rates from breast cancer are lower in the UAE compared to Western countries, there is a noticeable upward trend in both rates among Emirati women with more aggressive forms of the disease being noted, particularly among younger women. Effective, well- designed early detection and screening strategies with high participation rates are essential if the burden of breast cancer is to be reduced. However, these preventive strategies should be tailored to Emirati women’s needs and practices. Therefore, the current project was carried out in 2015-2016 among women living in Ras Al Khaimah, which explored attitudes towards breast health and breast cancer and examined mammographic density profiles in order to transform breast cancer diagnosis. This paper presents evidence-based recommendations for increasing breast cancer awareness, promoting education, and improving early detection practices.
O precariado professoral e as tendências de precarização que atingem os docentes do setor público
Authors: Silva Amanda Moreira da , Da Motta Vânia Cardoso
Published: October 2019

O artigo indica que está em curso um novo tipo de precarização do trabalho docente na educação básica que exige distinguir suas particularidades, seu movimento e sua direção. É fruto de uma pesquisa de doutorado recém-concluída que analisa como as mudanças que perpassam o mundo do trabalho, no âmbito do movimento geral do capital e de reestruturação produtiva, atingem a classe trabalhadora brasileira e penetram no âmbito da educação escolar, sobretudo no setor público, trazendo implicações diversas nas condições de trabalho dos professores. Para a análise empreendida, em um primeiro momento fizemos uma revisão do conceito sociológico de precariado, trazendo o debate existente entre diferentes abordagens analíticas e, posteriormente, fizemos algumas reflexões de como esse conceito pode nos ajudar a pensar as formas e tendências de precarização do trabalho docente surgidas nos últimos anos que atingem o professorado brasileiro do setor público.
Onkoloji Hemşirelerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık, Tükenmişlik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Düzeyleri
Authors: ÜZAR ÖZÇETİN Yeter Sinem , SARIOĞLU Gizem , DURSUN Sümeyye İlayda
Published: October 2019

Çalışmanın amacı onkoloji hemşirelerinin psikolojik sağlamlık, tükenmişlik ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin ve ilişkili faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı araştırma deseni kullanılan bu araştırmanın örneklemini 66 onkoloji hemşiresi oluşturmuştur. Veriler ‘Connor-Davidson Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’, ‘Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği’ ve ‘Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği’ ile toplanmıştır. Onkoloji hemşirelerinin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin, tükenmişlik düzeylerinin ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak orta düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda, psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyinin tükenmişlik ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştıt. Çalışma sonucunda, onkoloji hemşirelerinin istatistiksel olarak orta düzeyde tükenmişlik, psikolojik sağlamlık ve psikolojik iyi oluşa sahip olduğu bulunmakla birlikte, tanıtıcı veri formundan elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda kendilerini yüksek düzeyde tükenmiş ve güçsüz hissettiklerini belirttikleri görülmüştür. Bu durum, onkoloji hemşirelerinin hastaların deneyimlerinden yüksek düzeyde etkilendiklerini ve yaşadıkları psikososyal sorunların üstesinden gelebilmeleri için desteğe ihtiyaç duyduklarını göstermesi bakımından değerlidir.
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF EFFORT REDUCTION IN THE REINFORCING EFFICACY OF TIMEOUT FROM AVOIDANCE
Authors: Galuska Chad M. , Mikorski Jeff , Perone Michael
Published: October 2019

Rats responded on concurrent schedules of shock‐postponement or deletion (avoidance) and timeout from avoidance. In Experiment 1, 3 rats' responses on one lever postponed shocks for 20 s and responses on a second lever produced a 1‐min timeout according to a variable‐interval 45‐s schedule. Across conditions, a warning signal (white noise) was presented 19.5 s, 16 s, 12 s, 8 s, or 4 s before an impending shock. Raising the duration of the warning signal increased both avoidance and timeout response rates. Timeout responding, although positively correlated with avoidance responding, was not correlated with the prevailing shock rate. In Experiment 2, 3 rats' responses on one lever deleted scheduled shocks according to a variable‐cycle 30‐s schedule and responses on a second lever produced a 2‐min timeout as described above. After this baseline condition, the avoidance lever was removed and noncontingent shocks were delivered at intervals yoked to the receipt of shocks in the baseline sessions. Timeout responding decreased when the avoidance lever was removed, even though the shock‐frequency reduction afforded by the timeout remained constant. These results suggest that a key factor in the reinforcing efficacy of timeout is suspension of the requirement to work to avoid shock, rather than the reduction in shock frequency associated with timeout.
EFFECTS OF A SIGNALED DELAY TO REINFORCEMENT IN THE PREVIOUS AND UPCOMING RATIOS ON BETWEEN‐RATIO PAUSING IN FIXED‐RATIO SCHEDULES
Authors: Harris Aimee , Foster T. Mary , Levine Joshua , Temple William
Published: October 2019

Domestic hens responded under multiple fixed‐ratio fixed‐ratio schedules with equal fixed ratios. One component provided immediate reinforcement and the other provided reinforcement after a delay, signaled by the offset of the key light. The components were presented quasirandomly so that all four possible transitions occurred in each session. The delay was varied over 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 s with fixed‐ratio 5 schedules, and over 0, 8 and 32 s with fixed‐ratio 1, 15 and 40 schedules. Main effects of fixed‐ratio value and delay duration were detected on between‐ratio pauses. Pauses were longer when the multiple‐schedule stimulus correlated with a delayed‐reinforcer component was presented, with the longest pauses occurring at the transition from a component with an immediate reinforcer to one with a delayed reinforcer. Pause durations were shortest during immediate components. Overall, both the presence or absence of a delay in the upcoming component, and the presence or absence of a delay in the preceding component affected pause length, but the upcoming delay had the larger effect. Thus changes in delay had similar effects to past reports of the effects of changes in response force, response requirement, and reinforcer magnitude in multiple fixed‐ratio fixed‐ratio schedules.
Studi Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) Di Aliran Sungai Desa Kejawar Banyumas
Authors: Harto Jawadz Unggah Rizki , Prasetijo Hari , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry
Published: October 2019

Desa Kejawar memiliki sumberdaya air yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro (PLTMH). Ketersediaan mercu bendung saluran pembawa, dan bak pengendap menjadi faktor utama diadakannya penelitian ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data primer berupa head yaitu dengan pengukuran langsung di lokasi perencanaan pembangunan PLTMH dan didapatkan hasil pengukuran head efektif setinggi 3,08m. Pengumpulan data sekunder berupa curah hujan, iklim, dan DAS sebagai perhitungan untuk debit andalan diperoleh hasil 0,05 𝑚3/𝑠. Kapasitas daya dalam perencanaan pembangunan PLTMH ini sebesar 1,36 kW. Berdasarkan simulasi menggunakan aplikasi TURBNPRO 3.0 turbin yang digunakan bertipe kincir dan alternator 3 kW. Total investasi yang dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan pembangunan PLTMH sebesar Rp. 31.699.531 dengan umur proyek selama 10 tahun. Kelayakan proyek perencanaan pembangunan PLTMH diperoleh nilai NPV pada discount factor 10% sebesar Rp. 37.063.244>0, BCR sebesar 2,1>1, PP selama 3,46 tahun < 10 tahun, IRR pada discount factor 34% sebesar 33,6%. Berdasar pada evaluasi proyek, dapat dikatakan perencanaan pembangunan PLTMH di aliran sungai Desa Kejawar layak dilakukan
Design of Anti-Parallelogram Loop Assemblies
Authors: Gür Şebnem , Korkmaz Koray , Kiper Gökhan
Published: October 2019

Scissor mechanisms are frequently used for deployable structures and many studies have been conducted on the subject. Most of the studies consider scissor units as modules in the design process. An alternative approach is to utilize loops as the modules for design. In this paper, the
design alternatives of single degree-of-freedom planar linkages comprising anti-parallelogram loops using the loop assembly method is presented. First, scissor mechanisms are reviewed. Next, the types of four-bar loops and the resulting linkages in the literature are introduced and those which
are yet to be explored, anti-parallelogram being one of them, are identified. Then the loop assembly method and the examples in the literature are reviewed. As a method to form as many alternatives as possible, symmetry operations are proposed. Suitable frieze symmetry groups utilized for
obtaining the assemblies are explained and the anti-parallelogram loop patterns are derived. Next, the single degree-of-freedom linkages are obtained from the loop assemblies. Finally, a selection of the resulting linkages with novel properties are presented. This study shows that loop assemblies
are efficient in systematic type synthesis of scissor linkages, some types of which could not be foreseen by using units as modules.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Internet dan Media Konvensional terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas XI Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan (TKJ) pada Mata Pelajaran Kewirausahaan Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar Siswa di SMK Pengudhi Luhur Karangrayung Grobogan
Authors: Susilo Joko , Haryanto Samsi , Gunarhadi Gunarhadi
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui (1) Perbedaan pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran internet dan media konvensional terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan (TKJ) Pada Mata Pelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Pengudhi Luhur Karangrayung Grobogan; (2) Perbedaan pengaruh antara motivasi belajar siswa tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan (TKJ)  Pada Mata Pelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Pengudhi Luhur Karangrayung Grobogan; (3) Interaksi pengaruh antara penggunaan media pembelajaran dan motivasi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI Teknik Komputer daan Jaringan (TKJ) Pada Mata Pelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Pengudhi Luhur Karangrayung Grobogan. Menurut jenisnya, model penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan 3 cara yaitu dengan Angket dan Tes Hasil Belajar. Teknik analisis data menggunakan 3 cara yaitu dengan cara Uji Kesamaan rata-rata (Uji tahap Awal), Uji Normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan  hasil belajar Kewirausahaan pada kelompok dengan media pembelajaran internet dan media pembelajaran konvensional.hasilbelajar Kewirausahaan pada kelompok dengan media pembelajaran internet lebih baik dibandingkan dengan media pembelajaran konvensional. (2) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan  hasil belajar Kewirausahaan pada kelompok siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajar tinggi dan siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajar rendah. Siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajar tinggi mempunyai  hasil belajar Kewirausahaan yang lebih baik dari pada siswa yang mempunyai motivasi belajar rendah. (3) Terdapat interaksi pengaruh  media pembelajaran dan  motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar Kewirausahaan.Prestasi belajar Kewirausahaan pada kelompok media pembelajaran internet pada siswa dengan motivasi belajar tinggi mempunyai nilai tertinggi, sedangkan nilai terendah terjadi pada kelompok media pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa dengan motivasi belajar rendah.
Pencapaian Hasil Belajar Biologi dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Model Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) Ditinjau dari Minat Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Niangkasawati Ririk , Mulyoto Mulyoto , Ardianto Deny Tri
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) the difference of effect between the PBL model and the cooperative learning model of the STAD type on the Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency; (2) the difference of effect between the high learning interest and the low learning interest on the  Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency; (3) and the interaction of effect between the learning models and the learning interests on the Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency. This research used the experimental research method with the factorial design of 2x2. It was conducted at Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency. The results of this research are as follows: (1) there was a significant difference of effect between the PBL model and the cooperative learning model of the STAD type on the Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency where the former had a better effect on the Biology learning outcome than the latter as indicated by the result of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in which the F-value  was 4.669 and the p-value was smaller than 0.05; (2) there was a significant difference of effect between the high learning interest and the low learning interest on the Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency where the former had a better effect on the Biology learning outcome than the latter as indicated by the result of the twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) in which the F-value  was 5.554 and the p-value was smaller than 0.05; and (3) there was an interaction of effect between the learning models and the learning interests on the Biology learning outcome of the students of Senior Secondary Schools of Grobogan Regency as indicated by the result of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in which the F-value was 4.434, and the p-value was smaller than 0.05. The highest average score in Biology learning of the students with the PBL model and with the high leaning interest was 83.88, whereas the lowest score in Biology learning of the students with the PBL model and with the low learning interest was 74. 47