bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D printable concrete without chemical admixtures: Fresh and hardened properties
Authors: Ingle Vaibhav Vinod , Kaliyavaradhan Senthil Kumar , Ambily P. S. , Shekar Deepadharshan
Published: September 2023

There are several significant advantages to 3D concrete printing (3DCP) over conventional concreting techniques. Structures are built by printing them one layer at a time. This study aimed to improve the usability and accessibility of this technology to solve on‐site issues, such as those caused by chemical admixture. In order to construct concrete that can be printed in three dimensions, researchers added many chemical admixtures in controlled quantities. This experiment's main goals were to prepare 3D printable concrete (3DPC) without chemical admixture and to evaluate fresh and hardened properties. Slump, flow, extrudability, buildability, open time, and penetrometer tests were carried out for fresh properties. Compressive, flexural, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated for hardened properties. The printed specimens in the longitudinal direction exhibited higher compressive strength than in the downward and lateral directions. Similarly, higher flexural and splitting tensile strength in the longitudinal direction of printed specimens than in the downward and lateral direction. The results of developing 3DPC without chemical admixtures demonstrated good performance in fresh and hardened properties.
Robust Optimization of Power System Stabilizer Parameters Based on Pole Placement Technique
Authors: Panyarat Thanon , Uatrongjit Sermsak
Published: September 2023

To enhance the stability of power system, a power system stabilizer (PSS) is one of the control mechanisms installed in the power plants. A suitable PSS parameters set can help in reducing the power swing. In general, the design of PSS parameters is performed based on a nominal operating condition of the power system. In this paper, a multi‐objective optimization algorithm based on pole placement technique is proposed to find a robust PSS parameters set. The proposed strategy searches for the optimal PSS parameters under multiple operating conditions of the generator. Preliminary simulation results on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) model show that the proposed PSS parameters design method can further improve the robustness of the overall power systems performance under different types of disturbance. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Prevalence and public health relevance of enteric parasites in domestic dogs and cats in the region of Madrid (Spain) with an emphasis on Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium sp.
Authors: Mateo Marta , Montoya Ana , Bailo Begoña , Köster Pamela C. , Dashti Alejandro , Hernández‐Castro Carolina , Saugar José M. , Matas Pablo , Xiao Lihua , Carmena David
Published: September 2023

Background

Pet dogs and cats exert an unquestionable beneficial effect in the well‐being of their owners, but can also act as a source of zoonotic infections if improperly cared.

Objectives

We investigated the occurrence, risk factors, genetic variability and zoonotic potential of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats attended in a clinical veterinary setting in Spain.

Methods

Canine (n = 252) and feline (n = 35) faecal samples were collected during 2017–2019 and analysed by coproparasitological methods. A rapid lateral immunochromatographic test (ICT) was used for detecting Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium sp. Samples positive at microscopy examination and/or ICT were reassessed by molecular methods.

Results

Overall, 48.8% (123/252) of dogs and 48.6% (17/35) of cats were infected by enteric parasites. In dogs, G. duodenalis was the most prevalent species (40.9%), followed by Cystoisospora sp. (7.1%), and Toxocara canis (5.2%). In cats, Joyeuxiella sp. and Toxocara cati were the dominant species (20.0% each), followed by G. duodenalis (14.3%), D. caninum (5.7%) and Cystoisospora felis and Toxascaris leonina (2.9% each). Pups and kittens were more likely to harbour intestinal parasites and develop clinical signs. Sequence analyses of dog isolates revealed the presence of assemblages A (n = 1), C (n = 4), D (n = 4) and C+D (n = 1) within G. duodenalis; C. parvum (n = 1) and C. canis (n = 4) within Cryptosporidium and PtEb IX (n = 1) in Enterocytozoon bieneusi. A novel C. canis subtype family, named XXi, is reported.

Conclusions

Our results highlight that (i) well‐cared dogs carry zoonotic enteric protozoan parasites of public health relevance, (ii) proper hygiene practices and routine veterinary treatment are essential to prevent zoonotic infections, (iii) vulnerable populations should avoid contact with pups/kittens with diarrhoea and (iv) infected dogs might be major contributors to the environmental contamination with soil‐transmitted helminths (STHs) eggs.
Animal and their products used for treatment and prevention of disease practiced by traditional healers in Jimma Arjo district, East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Efa Debela Abdeta
Published: September 2023

Background

Ethiopia is one of the countries with richest fauna used for medicinal purpose. The Jimma Arjo community has knowledge and practice of utilizing this medicinal animal for treatment of human and animal ailments.

Objective

The objective of this research is to assess animals and their products used for treatment of human and animal ailment

Methods

A cross‐sectional ethnozoological survey was conducted using a semi structured questionnaire among purposively selected traditional healers resided in Jimma Arjo district. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS statistical software. Fidelity level (FL), use value and informant consensus factor was determined.

Results

A total of 33 animal species was found to be used for treating 40 human ailments and different livestock disease confirmed by 36 informants of different ages, sexes and educational backgrounds. The majority of animals (63.63%) were mammals followed by birds (15.15%). Most of the respondents were male, married and aged 55 years and above. Most of the healers learn ethnozoological practice from the father (36.11%) followed by mother (19.44%). The traditional practice is accepted by (72.22%) of the community where 61.11% of the healers are not willing to transfer their knowledge to other. For most of the healers, the reason to practice traditional healing was for treating one's own family or animals (41.67%). The FL was found 100% for honey from Apis mellifera and Trigona spp. for asthma, Cynopterus sphinx for viral skin disease and Crocuta crocuta for bad sprit treatment. In this study, honey from A. mellifera, Hystrix cristata and Sus scrofa domesticus were reported to cure different ailments.

Conclusion

This study indicated wide use of medicinal animals and their products which could be used as an alternative and complementary medicine or a basis for in developing new drugs because the existing drugs especially antimicrobials are under threat due to the development of resistance by microbes.
Orbits and chaos of a two‐fluid magnetized plasma oscillator subjected to parametric excitation with square delayed feedback
Authors: Hu Sengen , Zhou Liangqiang
Published: September 2023

In this manuscript, a two‐fluid magnetized plasma oscillator subjected to parametric excitation with square delayed feedback is studied both analytically and numerically. The Hamilton systems of triple‐well and narrow single‐well are discussed in detail. The scenarios of phase portraits and equilibria are given. Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits are strictly derived. With the Melnikov method, the critical value of chaos arising from homoclinic or heteroclinic intersections is derived analytically. We have discovered some interesting dynamic phenomena, such as uncontrollable time delays with which chaos always occurs for this system. The influence of time‐delay on the chaotic property is also studied rigorously. On the basis of theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations including time histories, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré sections, Lyapunov exponential spectrums and attractor basins are given. Numerical simulations are consistent with theoretical results.
Photocatalytic Deposition for Metal Line Formation
Authors: Veziroglu Salih , Paulsen Moritz , Schardt Jan , Adejube Blessing , Aktas Cenk , Vahl Alexander , Gerken Martina
Published: September 2023

In neural systems, plasticity can be found throughout a variety of scales, ranging from local synaptic plasticity between two neurons towards long-range connections and global plasticity within larger neuron assemblies. While memristive devices have attracted a lot of attention as a potential neuromorphic analog to represent local synapses and are regarded as promising building blocks for neuromorphic engineering, long-range connections and globally mediated aspects like homeoplasticity are not yet widely considered for neuromorphic systems. In this chapter, photocatalytic deposition is discussed as an approach to form metallic structures from a global liquid reservoir. In this context, the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin films are employed to reduce metallic species from the surrounding solution. This chapter will elucidate the fundamental process of photocatalytic deposition with photocatalytic TiO2 thin films and will showcase the applicability towards the formation of metallic structures at the example of arrangements of locally grown metallic Au structures.
Modeling and Simulation of Silver-Based Filamentary Memristive Devices
Authors: Dirkmann Sven , Trieschmann Jan , Mussenbrock Thomas
Published: September 2023

Memristive devices based on filamentary switching are investigated by 3D kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The electrochemical metallization device under consideration consists of a stack of Ag/TiO$$_x$$

x

/Pt thin layers. By modeling the Ag ion transport within the solid state electrolyte, driven by the electric field and thermal diffusion, the dynamics of resistive switching and conducting filament growth/dissolution are studied. The model allows to resolve the macroscopic time scale of consecutive growth and dissolution cycles. It provides realistic current-voltage relations as observed experimentally. Simultaneously, it grants a detailed characterization of the influence of the electric field and the thermal heat on the local resistive switching dynamics. It finally provides insight into the microscopic physical mechanisms involved in the set and reset kinetics during switching. It is concluded that the force due to electromigration on Ag in the closed filament may not be negligible during reset process of the device.
Memristive Switching: From Individual Nanoparticles Towards Complex Nanoparticle Networks
Authors: Carstens Niko , Terasa Maik-Ivo , Holtz Pia , Kaps Sören , Strunskus Thomas , Hassanien Abdou , Adelung Rainer , Faupel Franz , Vahl Alexander
Published: September 2023

Novel hardware concepts in the framework of neuromorphic engineering are intended to overcome fundamental limits of current computer technologies and to be capable of efficient mass data processing. To reach this, research into material systems which enable the implementation of memristive switching in electronic devices, as well as into analytical approaches helping to understand fundamental mechanisms and dynamics of memristive switching is inevitable. In this chapter, memristive switching based on Ag metal filament formation is discussed throughout different scales, providing insights on the stability of metal filaments and the onset of collective behaviour. An unconventional cAFM approach, which intends to integrate the memristive system directly on the apex of the cantilever instead of usual contacting is presented. This facilitates the nanoscale probing of filamentary memristive switching dynamics on long time scales for the purpose of basic research, which is demonstrated by an archetypical electrochemical metallization (ECM) based system consisting of Ag/Si3N4/Au. Further, the application of AgAu and AgPt noble metal alloy nanoparticles (NPs) for memristive devices is discussed with special focus on the device scalability. For the smallest scale it is shown, that a single AgPt-NP encapsulated in SiO2 operates via stable diffusive switching. Finally, two concepts for the self-assembled fabrication of NP-based memristive switch networks are evaluated regarding to collective switching dynamics: A sub-percolated CNT network decorated with AgAu-NPs and a Ag-NP network poised at the percolation threshold. The hybrid CNT/AgAu-NPs networks exhibit a mixed form of diffusive and bipolar switching, which is very interesting for tailoring the retention time, while the networks dynamics of percolated Ag-NP networks are governed by ongoing transitions between a multitude of metastable states, which makes them interesting for reservoir computing and other neuromorphic computation schemes.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Animationsvideos realer Unterrichtsszenen in der universitären kunstdidaktischen Lehrer*innenausbildung
Authors: Teuwsen Jutta
Published: September 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Unterrichtsvideos zur Auseinandersetzung mit Bildern im Fachunterricht anderer Fächer auch für die Kunstdidaktikausbildung nutzbar gemacht werden können: Schließlich spielt der Umgang mit historischem oder tagespolitischem Bildmaterial eine große Rolle im Geschichts-, im Deutsch-, im Politikunterricht und in vielen anderen Fächern. Hierzu wird nach dieser Einführung zunächst ein Blick auf die Kompetenzorientierung in der Kunstdidaktik geworfen: Was muss guter Kunstunterricht heute leisten? Die Beantwortung dieser Frage ist die Grundlage für die Reflexion der Parallelen zwischen der Kunstdidaktik und anderen Fachdidaktiken, wie der Geschichts- und auch der Politikdidaktik. In welcher Weise ist es überhaupt möglich, Unterrichtsvideos aus anderen Schulfächern für die kunstdidaktische Ausbildung hinzuzuziehen? Es wird konkret der mögliche Einsatz zweier LArS-Videos in der Lehramtsausbildung Kunst vorgestellt. Ein kurzer Ausblick schließt diesen Beitrag.
Kompetenzorientiert Prüfen mit Animationsvideos und Comics realer Unterrichtsszenen
Authors: Teuwsen Jutta
Published: September 2023

Wie lassen sich Unterrichtsaufnahmen von anderen Lehrpersonen konstruktiv in das universitäre Prüfen integrieren? Hierum soll es in diesem Beitrag gehen. Nach der Einführung wird erläutert, welche Rolle Prüfungen in der Lehramtsausbildung spielen und wie sich Unterrichtsvideos grundsätzlich dort verorten lassen. Anschließend werden zwei Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, Animationsvideos realer Unterrichtsszenen in mündlichen Prüfungen zu verwenden und es wird erläutert, welche Rahmenbedingungen für einen gelungenen Einsatz entscheidend sind. Ein möglicher Einsatz von Unterrichtsrepräsentationen in Klausuren wird anschließend ausformuliert. Weiter wird schließlich erwogen, inwiefern auch schriftliche Arbeiten in der Lehramtsausbildungen sich auf die Unterrichtsvideos beziehen können bevor dieser Beitrag mit einem abschließenden Fazit endet.
Barrierefreie Videos und Onlineumgebungen im Bildungskontext: Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze am Beispiel LArS
Authors: Jakob-Elshoff Sophie , Haage Anne , Lindecke Sebastian , Lüttmann Finnja , Moesch Marc , Teuwsen Jutta
Published: September 2023

Für eine inklusive und diversitätssensible Lehre sind barrierefreie Lehr-Lernmaterialien Voraussetzung. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Grundlagen barrierefreier Videos und die Besonderheiten, die für Videos im Bildungskontext wichtig sind. Zudem wird der Arbeitsprozess im LArS-Projekt exemplarisch dargestellt, bei dem die interdisziplinäre Kooperation zwischen Fachdidaktiker*innen und Fachleuten für Barrierefreiheit von Bedeutung war. Barrierefreiheit muss von Anfang an berücksichtigt werden und kann nicht erst am Ende des Produktionsprozesses hinzugefügt werden.
Animationsvideos realer Szenen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachunterrichts: zur Konzeption eines neuen Lehr-/Lernmediums für die Lehrer*innenbildung
Authors: Gronostay Dorothee , Hahn-Laudenberg Katrin , Manzel Sabine
Published: September 2023

In diesem Beitrag werden Animationsvideos realer Unterrichtsszenen aus dem Projekt LArS.nrw als neues Lehr-/Lernmedium für die Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um kurze Filme im Trickfilmformat, die gezeichnete Szenen von realen und fachdidaktisch besonders interessanten Unterrichtsszenen darstellen. Der Beitrag zeigt auf Basis einer Bestandsaufnahme frei zugänglicher Unterrichtsvideos von sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächern auf, welches Potenzial diesem neuen Lehr-/Lernmedium für die Lehrer*innenbildung zukommt.
Auf unsicherem Terrain: Zur Konzeption von Lehr-/Lernaufgaben zur professionellen Wahrnehmung der Qualität von Unterrichtseinstiegen in sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächern
Authors: Gronostay Dorothee
Published: September 2023

Der Beitrag fragt danach, welche Qualitätskriterien an Einstiege im sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachunterricht angelegt werden und damit als inhaltliche Kriterien einer professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung dieser wichtigen Unterrichtsphase dienen können. Deutlich wird, dass der Stand fachdidaktischer Theorie und Empirie zu fachlicher Unterrichtsqualität keine hinreichend validierten und auf Unterricht hin konkretisierten Kriterien bietet. Dies stellt ein großes Forschungsdesiderat und eine Limitation für die Wissenschaftlichkeit der Lehrkräftebildung (im sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtsfächern) dar.
Professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung von Urteilsbildungs- und Diskussionsphasen
Authors: Heyen Frederik , Manzel Sabine
Published: September 2023

Der Beitrag thematisiert die professionelle Unterrichtswahrnehmung von politischen Urteils- und Diskussionsphasen und das Potenzial von Unterrichtsaufnahmen für eine fachdidaktisch gerichtete Förderung in der Lehrkräftebildung. Ausgehend von politikdidaktischen Modellierungen von Politik-, Argumentations- und Urteilskompetenz schlussfolgern die Autor*innen, dass fachdidaktisches Wissen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften für die Konzeption und Durchführung sowie die wissensbasierte Beobachtung, Analyse und Reflexion von Urteils- und Diskussionsphasen von zentraler Bedeutung ist.
Critical Incidents im sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachunterricht
Authors: Kindlinger Marcus , Hahn-Laudenberg Katrin
Published: September 2023

Critical Incidents sind auf besondere Weise herausfordernde Situationen des sozialwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts. In unserem Beitrag umreißen wir ein fachdidaktisches Verständnis von Critical Incidents, welches wir auf eine fachspezifisch ausgelegte professionelle Wahrnehmung beziehen. Wir orientieren uns an zwei Schwerpunkten des LArS-Moduls C: 1) Herausforderungen der Kontroversität und 2) Umgang mit Präkonzepten als Herausforderung der Diskursivität. Wir diskutieren, inwiefern Critical Incidents in diesen Bereichen Kernpraktiken darstellen und als Reflexionsanlässe genutzt werden können.
Vorstellung LArS-Modul B: Politische Urteilsbildung im sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachunterricht
Authors: Heyen Frederik , Manzel Sabine
Published: September 2023

Der Beitrag stellt die Konzeption, Bestandteile und Ziele eines auf Animationsfilmen basierenden OER-Lehr-/Lernangebots im Bereich der politischen Urteilsbildung für die Lehrkräftebildung vor (LArS.nrw Modul B). Es werden Strukturen der begleitenden Lernaufgaben sowie fachtheoretische Überlegungen und Kompetenzerwartungen zu einzelnen Lerneinheiten erläutert und Anforderungen an Lernende für den Einsatz in Lehr-/Lernsettings aufgezeigt.
Vom Prototypen zur Serienfertigung
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Dorn Benjamin , Kraus Andreas , Nankemann Michael
Published: September 2023

Im Zuge des Industrialisierungsprozesses haben methodische Bausteine eine signifikante Bedeutung erlangt. Diese Bausteine liegen entlang des Produktentwicklungszyklus und sind grundsätzlich unabhängig vom betrachteten Produkt. Mit Blick auf die Elektromobilität gilt es jedoch, während der unterschiedlichen Schritte spezifische Herausforderungen zu adressieren. Anlaufmanagement, Anlaufstrategie und Anlauforganisation beispielsweise erhalten einen besonderen Stellenwert, da Produkt und Prozesse im Rahmen der Elektromobilität von unscharfen Interdependenzen und teils unterschiedlichen technischen Reifegraden charakterisiert sind. Ein weiteres Beispiel bildet das Lieferantenmanagement: Es muss die veränderte Wertschöpfungskette innerhalb der Elektromobilität vor allem im Hinblick auf neue Marktteilnehmer – besonders im asiatischen Raum – berücksichtigen. Dieser und weitere methodische Bausteine werden im Folgenden beschrieben.
Produktionsverfahren von Batteriezellen und -systemen
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Dorn Benjamin , Locke Marc , Wennemar Sarah , Ludwigs Robert , Plocher Lorenz , Voß Simon
Published: September 2023

Die Bereitstellung der elektrischen Antriebsenergie erfolgt in batterieelektrischen Fahrzeugen (BEV) derzeit überwiegend durch Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesysteme. Diese Systeme bestehen aus Batteriemodulen und Batteriezellen in unterschiedlichen Formaten. Das Batteriesystem ist dabei eine Schlüsselkomponente des Elektrofahrzeugs und beeinflusst maßgeblich die Reichweichte sowie die Performance. Außerdem macht das Batteriesystem einen Großteil der Kosten von heutigen Elektrofahrzeugen aus. Um im internationalen Wettbewerb langfristig erfolgreich zu sein, müssen Hersteller von Elektrofahrzeugen daher bereits in der Entwicklung und Produktion von Batteriesystemen Qualitäts- und Kostenpotenziale ausschöpfen. Darüber hinaus wird eine nachhaltige Produktion von Batteriezellen, -modulen und -systemen besonders in Europa in den kommenden Jahren immer wichtiger.
Drei Säulen der Nachhaltigkeit und Bewertungsansätze
Authors: Backes Jana Gerta , Mankaa Rose Nangah , Traverso Marzia
Published: September 2023

Die lebenszyklusbasierte Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung – das „Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment“ (LCSA) – ermöglicht die Bewertung sowohl positiver als auch negativer Auswirkungen von Produkten, beispielsweise Elektro-Autos, und Dienstleistungen über deren Lebenszyklus vom Ressourcenabbau bis hin zum „End of Life“. Die LCSA-Methode ergänzt die eindimensionale Ökobilanz oder ökologische Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung (Life Cycle Assessment – LCA) um die ökonomische Dimension der Lebenszykluskostenrechnung (Life Cycle Costing – LCC) und die Sozialbilanz (Social Life Cycle Assessment – S-LCA). Der Ansatz, anhand Ökologie, Ökonomie und Sozialem alle drei Ebenen der Nachhaltigkeit miteinander zu kombinieren, geht auf die „Produktlinienanalyse“ des deutschen Öko-Instituts zurück. Daraus abgeleitet wurde der weithin akzeptierte „Triple-Bottom-Line“ (TBL)-Ansatz, den Kloepffer und Finkbeiner in den Jahren 2008 bis 2011 in eine erste Definition für „Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment“ übersetzt haben. Das LCSA-Rahmenwerk, das seit 2008/2010 genutzt wird und das auf dem dreidimensionalen Nachhaltigkeitskonzept basiert, wird durch die folgende formale Gl. (37.1) beschrieben:
Remanufacturing von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
Authors: Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim , Offermanns Christian , Klohs Domenic , Lackner Nikolaus , Kreisköther Kim
Published: September 2023

Das Remanufacturing von Batterien bezeichnet die aufwendige Zerlegung von Batterien und Bestandsaufnahme des Zustands der einzelnen Komponenten. Hauptsächlich wird darunter die Analyse des „State of Health“ (SoH) der Batteriezellen beziehungsweise der Batteriemodule verstanden, jedoch auch diejenige weiterer Batteriekomponenten. Der Demontage und Analyse schließen sich Austausch, Aufbereitung und Weiternutzung der jeweiligen Bestandteile in einem neu zusammengesetzten System an. Durch die weitgehende Zerlegung und Analyse bis auf die Modulebene sowie durch den konsequenten Austausch und/oder die Aufbereitung von Komponenten, die sich in schlechtem Zustand befinden, erreicht das Batteriesystem nach dem Manufacturing nahezu die Qualität eines neuen Systems. Der Lebenszyklus der weiterverwendeten Komponenten lässt sich auf diese Weise erheblich verlängern und es können bis zu 70 % der Rohstoffe gegenüber einem neuen Produkt eingespart werden.
Quantum Kaluza-Klein theory with M2(ℂ)
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Majid Shahn
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Following steps analogous to classical Kaluza-Klein theory, we solve for the quantum Riemannian geometry on C∞(M) ⊗ M2(ℂ) in terms of classical Riemannian geometry on a smooth manifold M , a finite quantum geometry on the algebra M2(ℂ) of 2 × 2 matrices, and a quantum metric cross term. Fixing a standard form of quantum metric on M2(ℂ), we show that this cross term data amounts in the simplest case to a 1-form Aμ on M, which we regard as like a gauge-fixed background field. We show in this case that a real scalar field on the product algebra with its noncommutative Laplacian decomposes on M into two real neutral fields and one complex charged field minimally coupled to Aμ. We show further that the quantum Ricci scalar on the product decomposes into a classical Ricci scalar on M, the Ricci scalar on M2(ℂ), the Maxwell action ||F||2 of A and a higher order ||A.F||2 term. Another solution of the QRG on the product has A = 0 and a dynamical real scalar field ϕ on M which imparts mass-splitting to some of the components of a scalar field on the product as in previous work.
Investigation of the concurrent effects of ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings in Collider and Beam Dump Searches
Authors: Liu Jia , Luo Yan , Song Muyuan
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Axion-like particles (ALPs) have been studied in numerous experiments to search for their interactions, but most studies have focused on deriving bounds for the single coupling. However, in ultraviolet (UV) models, these couplings can appear simultaneously, and their interplay could have important implications for collider and beam dump searches. In this study, we investigate the concurrent effects of the ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings in a simplified model and examine how their simultaneous presence modifies existing bounds. We find that modifications to production cross-sections, decaying branching ratios, and the lifetime of the ALP are the major effects. Our results show that low-energy electron-positron colliders such as Belle-II and BaBar are primarily affected by the first two factors, while beam dump experiments such as E137 and NA64 are affected by the cross sections and lifetime. We also consider two UV models — the KSVZ-like model and a lepton-specific version of the DFSZ model — which have only one of the two couplings at tree-level. However, the other coupling can be generated at loops, and our analysis reveals that the simultaneous presence of the two couplings can significantly modify existing bounds on these models for 10−3< ma< 10 GeV, especially for beam dump experiments. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the concurrent effects of the ALP-photon and ALP-electron couplings in future collider and beam dump analyses.
Automated calculation of jet fragmentation at NLO in QCD
Authors: Liu ChongYang , Shen Xiao-Min , Zhou Bin , Gao Jun
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We present FMNLO, a framework to combine general-purpose Monte Carlo generators and fragmentation functions (FFs). It is based on a hybrid scheme of phase-space slicing method and local subtraction method, and accurate to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD. The new framework has been interfaced to MG5_aMC@NLO and made publicly available in this work. We demonstrate its unique ability by giving theoretical predictions of various fragmentation measurements at the LHC, followed by comparison with the data. With the help of interpolation techniques, FMNLO allows for fast calculation of fragmentation processes for a large number of different FFs, which makes it a promising tool for future fits of FFs. As an example, we perform a NLO fit of parton fragmentation functions to unidentified charged hadrons using measurements at the LHC. We find the ATLAS data from inclusive dijet production show a strong constraining power. Notable disparities are found between our gluon FF and that of BKK, DSS and NNFF, indicating the necessities of additional constraints and data for gluon fragmentation function.
Revisiting semileptonic B meson decays at next-to-next-to-leading order
Authors: Egner Manuel , Fael Matteo , Schönwald Kay , Steinhauser Matthias
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We compute next-to-next-to-leading order corrections to the semileptonic decay rate of B mesons for arbitrary values of the final-state quark mass. For the contribution with one massive quark in the final state, we extend the literature result and obtain analytic expressions in terms of iterated integrals. For the complete contribution, which also includes contributions with three massive quarks in the final state, we present a semi-analytic method, which leads to a precise approximation formula for the decay rate. Our results agree with the expansions available for b → cℓ$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

ℓ and b → uℓ$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

ℓ in the literature. The main emphasize of this paper is on the technical aspects of the calculation which are useful for a wider range of applications.
A Sufficient Condition for Uniform Convergence of Trigonometric Series with p-Bounded Variation Coefficients
Authors: Kubiak Mateusz , Szal Bogdan
Published: September 2023

In this paper we consider trigonometric series with p-bounded variation coefficients. We presented a sufficient condition for uniform convergance of such series in case $$p>1$$

p
>
1

. This condition is significantly weaker than these obtained in the results on this subject known in the literature.
Perioperative Schmerztherapie bei minimal-invasiver Thoraxchirurgie
Authors: Bach Katharina , Volberg Christian , Wiesmann Thomas , Wulf Hinnerk , Schubert Ann-Kristin
Published: September 2023

Thorakale Eingriffe sind häufig mit starken postoperativen Schmerzen verbunden. Obwohl diese bei thorakoskopischem Vorgehen in der Regel weniger ausgeprägt sind, sorgen die intraoperative mechanische Irritation, Kompression oder Verletzung von Interkostalnerven wie auch die häufig eingelegten Thoraxdrainagen für therapiebedürftige Schmerzen. Eine adäquate Schmerztherapie ist in der Thoraxchirurgie essenziell, da eine insuffiziente Inspiration infolge unzureichender Schmerzkontrolle das Auftreten postoperativer Komplikationen fördert. Bei der Thorakotomie galt die Epiduralanästhesie lange als Goldstandard. Für die videoassistierte Thorakoskopie wird sie aufgrund von Nutzen-Risiko-Überlegungen teils nicht mehr empfohlen. Es existieren alternative Thoraxwandblockaden wie der Paravertebralblock, der Erector-spinae-plane-Block und der Serratus-anterior-plane-Block, für deren Einsatz die Studienlage teilweise heterogen ausfällt.

Dieser Artikel stellt die aktuellen Empfehlungen bezüglich des perioperativen Schmerzmanagements bei thorakoskopischen Eingriffen dar und gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen PROSPECT-Empfehlungen sowie der aktuellen AWMF-Leitlinie zu peri- und postoperativer Schmerztherapie. Insbesondere werden einzelne regionalanästhesiologische Techniken und deren aktuelle Evidenz beleuchtet.
Biomechanik der Geburt
Authors: Oliveira Dulce , Moura Rita , Fidalgo Daniel
Published: September 2023

Die Geburt eines Kindes ist ein natürlicher und komplizierter Prozess, der die koordinierten Anstrengungen mehrerer physiologischer Systeme erfordert. Während das klinische Verständnis der Geburt traditionell auf groß angelegten statistischen Studien beruhte, haben die jüngsten Fortschritte in der Biomechanik neue Wege zur Untersuchung der mechanischen Aspekte der Geburt eröffnet. Das Verständnis der Geburtsmechanik ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Verbesserung der geburtshilflichen Versorgung und der daraus resultierenden Gesundheit der Mütter und Kinder. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand auf dem Gebiet der Geburtsbiomechanik geben. Wir untersuchen verschiedene Aspekte der Geburt, vom Beginn der Geburt bis zum Austritt des Kindes und beleuchten die biomechanischen Prinzipien und Faktoren, die diesen dynamischen Prozess beeinflussen. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die Herausforderungen, die mit der Untersuchung der Geburtsbiomechanik verbunden sind, und erörtern neue Technologien und Modellierungsansätze, die weitere Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet versprechen. Indem wir unser Verständnis der Geburtsbiomechanik vertiefen, können wir die klinische Praxis verbessern und zum allgemeinen Wohlbefinden von Frauen und ihrer Neugeborenen beitragen.
Disease severity, arrhythmogenesis, and fibrosis are related to longer action potentials in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Fürniss Hannah E. , Wülfers Eike M. , Iaconianni Pia , Ravens Ursula , Kroll Johannes , Stiller Brigitte , Kohl Peter , Rog-Zielinska Eva A. , Peyronnet Rémi
Published: September 2023

Background

Arrhythmias may originate from surgically unaffected right ventricular (RV) regions in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). We aimed to investigate action potential (AP) remodelling and arrhythmia susceptibility in RV myocardium of patients with repaired and with unrepaired TOF, identify possible correlations with clinical phenotype and myocardial fibrosis, and compare findings with data from patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), a less severe congenital heart disease.

Methods

Intracellular AP were recorded ex vivo in RV outflow tract samples from 22 TOF and three ASD patients. Arrhythmias were provoked by superfusion with solutions containing reduced potassium and barium chloride, or isoprenaline. Myocardial fibrosis was quantified histologically and associations between clinical phenotype, AP shape, tissue arrhythmia propensity, and fibrosis were examined.

Results

Electrophysiological abnormalities (arrhythmias, AP duration [APD] alternans, impaired APD shortening at increased stimulation frequencies) were generally present in TOF tissue, even from infants, but rare or absent in ASD samples. More severely diseased and acyanotic patients, pronounced tissue susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis, and greater fibrosis extent were associated with longer APD. In contrast, APD was shorter in tissue from patients with pre-operative cyanosis. Increased fibrosis and repaired-TOF status were linked to tissue arrhythmia inducibility.

Conclusions

Functional and structural tissue remodelling may explain arrhythmic activity in TOF patients, even at a very young age. Surprisingly, clinical acyanosis appears to be associated with more severe arrhythmogenic remodelling. Further research into the clinical drivers of structural and electrical myocardial alterations, and the relation between them, is needed to identify predictive factors for patients at risk.

Graphical Abstract

Central illustration: summary diagram of essential study results. Note that not all results are depicted here. For more detail, see text. APA action potential amplitude, APD action potential duration, AUC area under the curve, TOF tetralogy of Fallot.
Improving the Resolution of MPM Recovered Relaxometry Parameters with Proper Time Domain Sampling
Authors: Parziale M. , Woertge D. , Mohebbi B. , Claussen J. , Augustine M. P.
Published: September 2023

The matrix pencil method (MPM) is a powerful tool for processing transient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation signals with promising applications to increasingly complex problems. In the absence of signal noise, the eigenvalues recovered from an MPM treatment of transient relaxometry data reduce to relaxation coefficients that can be used to calculate relaxation time constants for known sampling time ∆t. The MPM eigenvalue and relaxation coefficient equality as well as the resolution of similar eigenvalues and thus relaxation coefficients degrade in the presence of signal noise. The relaxation coefficient ∆t dependence suggests one way to improve MPM resolution by choosing ∆t values such that the differences between all the relaxation coefficient values are maximized. This work develops mathematical machinery to estimate the best ∆t value for sampling damped, transient relaxation signals such that MPM data analysis recovers a maximum number of time constants and amplitudes given inherent signal noise. Analytical and numerical reduced dimension MPM is explained and used to compare computer-generated data with and without added noise as well as treat real measured signals. Finally, the understanding gleaned from this effort is used to predict the best data sampling time to use for non-discrete, distributions of relaxation variables.
Teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement: longitudinal associations with student outcomes
Authors: Brandmiller Cornelius , Schnitzler Katharina , Dumont Hanna
Published: September 2023

Studies have shown that teacher perceptions of student achievement influence teacher-student interactions, subsequently affecting student outcomes. However, teachers may also take note of and respond to the motivation and engagement of their students in a differential way, which could affect student outcomes as well. In the present study, we thus examined whether teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement predict student achievement and self-reported motivation and engagement in reading and maths over several school years. Analysing longitudinal data from N = 2402 students and their teachers, we found that teacher perceptions of student motivation and engagement in Grade 5 were significantly related to student achievement in reading 1 year later and in maths 1, 2, and 3 years later. An association with student motivation and engagement was only found for maths 1 year later.
Real-time detection and management of rockfall hazards by ground-based Doppler radar
Authors: Carlà Tommaso , Gigli Giovanni , Lombardi Luca , Nocentini Massimiliano , Meier Lorenz , Schmid Lino , Wahlen Susanne , Casagli Nicola
Published: September 2023

Rockfalls are ubiquitous products of landscape evolution in steep mountainous terrains. Among other effects, they pose a significant concern to the management of transportation corridors located on valley floors. Here, we describe the field application of a ground-based Doppler radar that performs real-time, long-range, wide-area detection and tracking of rockfalls and related slope hazards. We deployed the instrument at the Ruinon landslide, where accelerated deformation of upper chaotic debris has for several months promoted secondary mass wasting processes of extremely rapid velocity. In particular, large rolling boulders had the potential to propagate beyond the toe of the landslide and impact a road that connects important localities in the Italian Alps interiors. The Doppler radar was programmed to actuate a pair of traffic lights so that a predefined exclusion zone could instantly be enforced for approaching vehicles upon initial movement detection. We discuss the setup of the alarm system, the main observations collected during the monitoring campaign, and how this technique may enhance safety in areas critically exposed to rockfalls as well as our understanding of rockfall dynamics in general.
Bone Plates Runout Prediction Through Tensile Strength and Geometric Properties for Regulatory Mechanical Testing
Authors: Bologna Federico Andrea , Audenino Alberto Luigi , Terzini Mara
Published: September 2023

Mechanical tests on bone plates are mandatory for regulatory purposes and, typically, the ASTM F382 standard is used, which involves a four-point bending test setup to evaluate the cyclic bending fatigue performance of the bone plate. These test campaigns require a considerable financial outlay and long execution times; therefore, an accurate prediction of experimental outcomes can reduce test runtime with beneficial cost cuts for manufacturers. Hence, an analytical framework is here proposed for the direct estimation of the maximum bending moment of a bone plate under fatigue loading, to guide the identification of the runout load for regulatory testing. Eleven bone plates awaiting certification were subjected to a comprehensive testing campaign following ASTM F382 protocols to evaluate their static and fatigue bending properties. An analytical prediction of the maximum bending moment was subsequently implemented based on ultimate strength and plate geometry. The experimental loads obtained from fatigue testing were then used to verify the prediction accuracy of the analytical approach. Results showed promising predictive ability, with R2 coefficients above 0.95 in the runout condition, with potential impact in reducing the experimental tests needed for the CE marking of bone plates.
A comparison of three feedback formats in an ePortfolio to support workplace learning in healthcare education: a mixed method study
Authors: De Ruyck Olivia , Embo Mieke , Morton Jessica , Andreou Vasiliki , Van Ostaeyen Sofie , Janssens Oona , Robbrecht Marieke , Saldien Jelle , De Marez Lieven
Published: September 2023

Background

Electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) are valuable tools to scaffold workplace learning. Feedback is an essential element of the learning process, but it often lacks quality when incorporated in ePortfolios, while research on how to incorporate feedback into an ePortfolio design is scarce.

Objectives

To compare the ease of use, usefulness and attitude among three feedback formats integrated in an ePortfolio: open-text feedback, structured-text feedback and speech-to-text feedback.

Methods

In a mixed method designed experiment, we tested with 85 participants from different healthcare disciplines, three feedback formats in an ePortfolio prototype. Participants provided feedback on students’ behaviour after observing video-recorded simulation scenarios. After this, participants completed a questionnaire derived from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The experiment ended with a semi-structured interview.

Results

Structured-text feedback received highest scores on perceived ease of use, usefulness, and attitude. This type of feedback was preferred above open-text feedback (currently the standard), and speech-to-text feedback. However, qualitative research results indicated that speech-to-text feedback is potentially valuable for feedback input on-premise. Respondents would use it to record short feedback immediately after an incident as a reminder for more expanded written feedback later or to record oral feedback to a student.

Implications

Structured-text feedback was recommended over open-text feedback. The quality of the speech-to-text technology used in this experiment, was insufficient to use in a professional ePortfolio but holds the potential to improve the feedback process and should be considered when designing new versions of ePortfolios for healthcare education.
Potato tuber origin and microbial composition determines resistance against soft rot Pectobacteriaceae
Authors: Kurm Viola , Mendes Odette , Gros Jack , van der Wolf Jan
Published: September 2023

Soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are the causative agents of soft rot and blackleg in potato. In this study, we investigated if potato seed lots of the same cultivar, but originating from different fields, inoculated with the same density of SRP and planted in the same field, showed differences in blackleg disease incidence. We tested if these differences were correlated with the microbial community composition in tuber, and the soil where the mother tubers were grown, as the microbiome is known to play a large role in plant disease resistance. We found that tubers from seed lots with a high disease incidence had a different microbial community composition than tubers from seed lots with a low disease incidence. Several taxa could be identified that were on average more abundant in seed lots with a low disease incidence. However, the taxa that differed in abundance were different between the two growing seasons. Most of the taxa that differed in abundance between seed lots with high and low disease incidence were also present in the soil of the fields from which the tubers originated. However, the taxa did not differ in abundance between the different fields. This raises the question as to how these taxa are recruited by the tuber.
Reward tampering and evolutionary computation: a study of concrete AI-safety problems using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Nilsen Mathias K. , Nygaard Tønnes F. , Ellefsen Kai Olav
Published: September 2023

Reward tampering is a problem that will impact the trustworthiness of the powerful AI systems of the future. Reward Tampering describes the problem where AI agents bypass their intended objective, enabling unintended and potentially harmful behaviours. This paper investigates whether the creative potential of evolutionary algorithms could help ensure trustworthy solutions when facing this problem. The reason why evolutionary algorithms may help combat reward tampering is that they are able to find a diverse collection of different solutions to a problem within a single run, aiding the search for desirable solutions. Four different evolutionary algorithms were deployed in tasks illustrating the problem of reward tampering. The algorithms were designed with varying degrees of human expertise, measuring how human guidance influences the ability to discover trustworthy solutions. The results indicate that the algorithms’ ability to find and preserve trustworthy solutions is very dependent on preserving diversity during the search. Algorithms searching for behavioural diversity showed to be the most effective against reward tampering. Human expertise also showed to improve the certainty and quality of safe solutions, but even with only a minimal degree of human expertise, domain-independent diversity management was found to discover safe solutions.
Acidification of freshwater lakes in Scandinavia: impacts and recovery of chironomid communities under accelerating environmental changes
Authors: Belle Simon , Johnson Richard K.
Published: September 2023

We re-examined the effects of acidification on Scandinavian freshwater lakes using paleolimnological reconstructions focused on subfossil chironomids. Our study showed a widespread shift in chironomid community composition occurring at around 1960 and corresponding with the maximum fallout of anthropogenic SO42− deposition. Results also showed that taxonomic turn-over was higher in chironomid records from nitrogen-limited lakes, likely due to the cumulative effects of acidification and eutrophication driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Despite strong evidence of chemical recovery from acidification, all lake records failed to show a return to pre-acidified community compositions and most chironomid communities instead continue to follow the trajectories triggered by acidification. We hypothesized that when SO42− deposition started to decrease after 1980, a period also marked by rapid environmental and climatic changes, the influence of pH and/or other acidification-related variables in structuring chironomid community became less important, thus, giving more relative importance to other drivers, such as brownification and climatic processes. Results, therefore, suggest the key role of acidification in shaping the response of chironomid communities to future environmental changes. Future paleolimnological studies will contribute to better manage aquatic ecosystems recovering from acidification worldwide by allowing managers to quantify the efficacy of different management actions taken to mitigate acidification as well as to redefine appropriate restoration targets.