bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Various Scoring Systems for Predicting the 28-Day Survival Rate among Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Requiring Emergency Intensive Care
Authors: Feng Zhihong , Wang Tao , Liu Ping , Chen Sipeng , Xiao Han , Xia Ning , Luo Zhiming , Wei Bing , Nie Xiuhong
Published: May 2017

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of four severity-of-disease scoring systems in predicting the 28-day survival rate among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) requiring emergency care. Clinical data of patients with AECOPD who required emergency care were recorded over 2 years. APACHE II, SAPS II, SOFA, and MEDS scores were calculated from severity-of-disease indicators recorded at admission and compared between patients who died within 28 days of admission (death group; 46 patients) and those who did not (survival group; 336 patients). Compared to the survival group, the death group had a significantly higher GCS score, frequency of comorbidities including hypertension and heart failure, and age (P<0.05 for all). With all four systems, scores of age, gender, renal inadequacy, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, anemia, fracture leading to bedridden status, tumor, and the GCS were significantly higher in the death group than the survival group. The prediction efficacy of the APACHE II and SAPS II scores was 88.4%. The survival rates did not differ significantly between APACHE II and SAPS II (P=1.519). Our results may guide triage for early identification of critically ill patients with AECOPD in the emergency department.
Analysis and Comparison of Long-Distance Pipeline Failures
Authors: Dai Lianshuang , Wang Dongpo , Wang Ting , Feng Qingshan , Yang Xinqi
Published: May 2017

The analysis results of long-distance oil and gas pipeline failures are important for the industry and can be the basis of risk analysis, integrity assessment, and management improvement for pipeline operators. Through analysis and comparison of the statistical results of the United States, Europe, the UK, and PetroChina in pipeline failure frequencies, causes, consequences, similarities, and differences of pipeline management, focusing points and management effectiveness are given. Suggestions on long-distance pipeline safety technology and management in China are proposed.
Stochastic Interest Model Based on Compound Poisson Process and Applications in Actuarial Science
Authors: Li Shilong , Yin Chuancun , Zhao Xia , Dai Hongshuai
Published: May 2017

Considering stochastic behavior of interest rates in financial market, we construct a new class of interest models based on compound Poisson process. Different from the references, this paper describes the randomness of interest rates by modeling the force of interest with Poisson random jumps directly. To solve the problem in calculation of accumulated interest force function, one important integral technique is employed. And a conception called the critical value is introduced to investigate the validity condition of this new model. We also discuss actuarial present values of several life annuities under this new interest model. Simulations are done to illustrate the theoretical results and the effect of parameters in interest model on actuarial present values is also analyzed.
Vibrational Spectroscopies and Chemometry for Nondestructive Identification and Differentiation of Painting Binders
Authors: Carlesi Serena , Becucci Maurizio , Ricci Marilena
Published: May 2017

A comprehensive dataset of vibrational spectra of different natural organic binding media is presented and discussed. The binding media were applied on a glass substrate and analyzed after three months of natural ageing. The combination of Raman and FT-NIR spectroscopies allows for an improved identification of these materials as Raman technique is more informative about the skeletal vibrations, while FT-NIR spectroscopy is more sensitive to the substituents and polar groups. The experimental results are initially discussed in the framework of current spectral assignment. Then, multivariate analysis (PCA) is applied leading to differentiation among the samples. The two major principal components allow for a complete separation of the different classes of organic materials. Further differentiation within the same class is possible thanks to the secondary components. The loadings obtained from PCA are discussed on the basis of the spectral assignment leading to clear understanding of the physical basis of this differentiation process.
Modeling and Simulation Study of Designer’s Bidirectional Behavior of Task Selection in Open Source Design Process
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Li Yingzi
Published: May 2017

Open source design (OSD) is an emerging mode of product design. In OSD process, how to select right tasks directly influences the efficiency and quality of task completion, hence impacting the whole evolution process of OSD. In this paper, designer’s bidirectional behavior of task selection integrating passive selection based on website recommendation and autonomous selection is modeled. First, the model of passive selection behavior by website recommendation is proposed with application of collaborative filtering algorithm, based on a three‐dimensional matrix including information of design agents, tasks, and skills; second, the model of autonomous selection behavior is described in consideration of factors such as skill and incentive; third, the model of bidirectional selection behavior is described integrating the aforementioned two selection algorithms. At last, contrast simulation analysis of bidirectional selection, passive selection based on website recommendation, and autonomous selection is proposed with ANOVA, and results show that task selection behavior has significant effect on OSD evolution process and that bidirectional selection behavior is more effective to shorten evolution cycle according to the experiment settings. In addition, the simulation study testifies the model of bidirectional selection by describing the task selection process of OSD in microperspective.
A Case of Trapezium Avascular Necrosis Treated Conservatively
Authors: Petsatodis Evangelos , Ditsios Konstantinos , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Pinto Iosafat , Kostretzis Lazaros , Theodoroudis Ioannis , Pilavaki Mayia
Published: May 2017

Introduction. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bones of the wrist most commonly involves the lunate followed by the proximal pole of the scaphoid and the capitate. Trapezium avascular necrosis is extremely rare with only two cases reported in the literature, both of which were treated surgically. In this article, we report a unique case of trapezium avascular necrosis treated conservatively. Case Presentation. A 38-year-old man complaining of a 4-month history of mild pain on the base of his right thumb. MRI scan was performed. The clinical presentation and the imaging findings indicated avascular osteonecrosis of the trapezium. The patient was treated with immobilization of the wrist joint for a period of six weeks. Three months later, the patient was free of symptoms and the MRI scan revealed a normal trapezium. Conclusion. AVN of trapezium is extremely rare. Our case shows that immobilization of an early stage avascular necrosis of the trapezium might be a treatment option.
Closer to a Uniform Language in Colposcopy: Study on the Potential Application of 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy Terminology in Clinical Practice
Authors: Li Yanyun , Duan Xiaoling , Sui Long , Xu Fengying , Xu Shuifang , Zhang Hongwei , Xu Congjian
Published: May 2017

As the newest colposcopic terminology, the 2011 International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) classification provides standardized interpretation of colposcopic findings. In this study, we analyzed the colposcopic accuracy and the significance of individual findings according to the 2011 IFCPC classification in 525 patients, reviewed by 13 trained colposcopists. Results show that colposcopic diagnoses are in 64.95% perfect agreement with cervical pathology, with 63.64% sensitivity and 96.01% specificity for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL+). And the accuracy is reproducible across different experienced examiners. Many individual findings, especially the two new signs, inner border sign and ridge sign, are proved to have good predictive accuracy, while iodine negativity demonstrates an inferior performance. However, the distribution of three cervical transformation zone (TZ) types is heterogeneous in examiners. A comparison was also made of the findings of another two colposcopists without nomenclature training according to the Reid Colposcopic Index (RCI), modified RCI, and Swede Score. Results show that colposcopic accuracies in them are lower than in those nomenclature trained colposcopists. The 2011 IFCPC nomenclature improves colposcopic accuracy in trained colposcopists, like speaking the same language. However, the reproducibility of TZ and the predictive value of a few signs remain to be discussed.
Leptin/Adiponectin Ratios Using Either Total Or High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin as Biomarkers of Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Normoglycemic Women
Authors: Bravo Carolina , Cataldo Luis Rodrigo , Galgani José , Parada Javier , Santos José Luis
Published: May 2017

Plasma leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR) is negatively associated with insulin sensitivity indexes. High-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) was proposed as the most biologically active form of this insulin-sensitizing adipokine. There are no studies assessing the relative merits of leptin/HMWA ratio over LAR as a biomarker of systemic insulin sensitivity. A standard 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g of glucose) and a short minimal-model intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT; 0.3 g/kg body weight) were performed in 58 Chilean normoglycemic women (age: 27 ± 6.3 years, BMI 23.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2). LAR was negatively associated with HOMA-S (r=−0.49; p<0.0001), Matsuda-ISICOMP (r=−0.54; p<0.0001), and the calculated sensitivity index (CSi) derived from IVGTT (r=−0.38; p=0.007). In comparison to LAR, leptin/HMWA ratio did not increase neither the linear fit (r2) nor the magnitude of association with insulin sensitivity indexes (slope of multiple linear regression). The discriminatory capacity of both ratios to classify insulin-resistant versus insulin-sensitive subjects was similar for HOMA-S (p=0.84), Matsuda-ISICOMP (p=0.43), or CSi (p=0.50). In conclusion, LAR showed consistent negative associations with different systemic insulin sensitivity indexes. The use of HMWA to generate leptin/HMWA ratio did not show any advantage over LAR as a biomarker of systemic insulin sensitivity in normoglycemic women.
A Promising Approach to Integrally Evaluate the Disease Outcome of Cerebral Ischemic Rats Based on Multiple-Biomarker Crosstalk
Authors: Ran Guimei , Wang Yixuan , Liu Haochen , Wei Chunxiang , Zhu Tao , Wang Haidong , He Hua , Liu Xiaoquan
Published: May 2017

Purpose. The study was designed to evaluate the disease outcome based on multiple biomarkers related to cerebral ischemia.Methods. Rats were randomly divided into sham, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, and edaravone-treated groups. Cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery in rats. To form a simplified crosstalk network, the related multiple biomarkers were chosen as S100β, HIF-1α, IL-1β, PGI2, TXA2, and GSH-Px. The levels or activities of these biomarkers in plasma were detected before and after ischemia. Concurrently, neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarct volumes were assessed. Based on a mathematic model, network balance maps and three integral disruption parameters (k,φ, andu) of the simplified crosstalk network were achieved.Results. The levels or activities of the related biomarkers and neurological deficit scores were significantly impacted by cerebral ischemia. The balance maps intuitively displayed the network disruption, and the integral disruption parameters quantitatively depicted the disruption state of the simplified network after cerebral ischemia. The integral disruption parameteruvalues correlated significantly with neurological deficit scores and infarct volumes.Conclusion. Our results indicate that the approach based on crosstalk network may provide a new promising way to integrally evaluate the outcome of cerebral ischemia.
Depletion of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with a CSF-1R Kinase Inhibitor Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Survival Induced by DC Immunotherapy
Authors: Dammeijer Floris , Lievense Lysanne A. , Kaijen-Lambers Margaretha E. , van Nimwegen Menno , Bezemer Koen , Hegmans Joost P. , van Hall Thorbald , Hendriks Rudi W. , Aerts Joachim G.
Published: May 2017

New immunotherapeutic strategies are needed to induce effective antitumor immunity in all cancer patients. Malignant mesothelioma is characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to conventional therapies. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is prominent in mesothelioma and is linked to immune suppression, angiogenesis, and tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, TAM depletion could potentially reactivate antitumor immunity. We show that M-CSFR inhibition using the CSF-1R kinase inhibitor PLX3397 (pexidartinib) effectively reduced numbers of TAMs, circulating nonclassical monocytes, as well as amount of neoangiogenesis and ascites in mesothelioma mouse models, but did not improve survival. When combined with dendritic cell vaccination, survival was synergistically enhanced with a concomitant decrease in TAMs and an increase in CD8+ T-cell numbers and functionality. Total as well as tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue of mice treated with combination therapy showed reduced surface expression of the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), a phenomenon associated with T-cell exhaustion. Finally, mice treated with combination therapy were protected from tumor rechallenge and displayed superior T-cell memory responses. We report that decreasing local TAM-mediated immune suppression without immune activation does not improve survival. However, combination of TAM-mediated immune suppression with dendritic cell immunotherapy generates robust and durable antitumor immunity. These findings provide insights into the interaction between immunotherapy-induced antitumor T cells and TAMs and offer a therapeutic strategy for mesothelioma treatment. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(7); 535–46. ©2017 AACR.
Overview of Lung Development in the Newborn Human
Authors: Warburton David
Published: May 2017

In human neonates rapid adaptation from an aqueous intrauterine environment to permanent air breathing is the rate-limiting step for extrauterine life, failure of which justifies the existence of neonatal intensive care units. The lung develops at about 4-6 weeks' gestation in humans as a ventral outpouching of the primitive foregut into the surrounding ventral mesenchyme, termed the laryngotracheal groove. At its posterior end lie progenitor cells that form a pair of bronchial tubes, from which arise all the distal epithelial structures of the lung. In humans, formation of the distal gas exchange surfaces begins in utero at about 20 weeks' gestation and is substantially established by term. Stereotypic branching of the proximal airway ends relatively early at 16-18 weeks at the bronchoalveolar duct junctions. Distally, about 5 finger-like alveolar ducts arise from each bronchoalveolar duct junction and ramify outwards towards the pleura. The majority of alveolar air sacs arise from the sides of the alveolar ducts and each of these alveoli can have up to 5 daughter alveoli arising from the outer surface as subsequent buds. At the end of each alveolar duct lie the mouths of 5 interconnected alveoli. Each family of alveoli arising from each bronchoalveolar duct junction has a different shape depending upon the limitations imposed by the pleural surface as well as the interstitial fascial planes.
Exploring the Design Space of HEVC Inverse Transforms with Dataflow Programming
Authors: Zhi Yion Khoo , Al-Hadi Ab Rahman Ab
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the design space exploration of the hardware-based inverse fixed-point integer transform for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The designs are specified at high-level using CAL dataflow language and automatically synthesized to HDL for FPGA implementation. Several parallel design alternatives are proposed with trade-off between performance and resource. The HEVC transform consists of several independent components from 4x4 to 32x32 discrete cosine transform and 4x4 discrete sine transform. This work explores the strategies to efficiently compute the transforms by applying data parallelism on the different components. Results show that an intermediate version of parallelism, whereby the 4x4 and 8x8 are merged together, and the 16x16 and 32x32 merged together gives the best trade-off between performance and resource. The results presented in this work also give an insight on how the HEVC transform can be designed efficiently in parallel for hardware implementation.
Radiation Pattern Performance of Unequally Linear Arrays with Parasitic Element
Authors: Ainniesafina Zainal Noor , Ramlee Kamarudin Muhammad , Yamada Yoshihide , Seman Norhudah
Published: May 2017

For next generation of 5G mobile base station antennas, multibeam, multifrequency and low sidelobe characteristics requested. Simplify the feeding network will contribute a low feeder loss and frequency dependent. From the previous research by the author, low sidelobe level reported by density tapered array configuration from -13 dB to -16 dB and the result maintained for wideband operation frequency at 28 GHz, 42 GHz, and 56 GHz. However, the grating lobe has occurred due to element spacing larger than a wavelength of higher frequency (56 GHz). In this paper, an investigation was made of the performance of radiation pattern for unequally microstrip linear array antenna in frequency 42 GHz and 56 GHz by loading parasitic elements. The effect of parasitic element to the impedance, gain, and sidelobe level of unequally microstrip linear spaced tapered array also examined. The design has been simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) ver 16.0.
Measuring Cardiorespiratory Information in Sitting Position using Multiple Piezoelectric Sensors
Authors: Igasaki Tomohiko , Kobayashi Makiko , Kobayashi Makiko
Published: May 2017

We have been studying equipment to easily acquire cardiorespiratory information at home using piezoelectric sensors arranged on the seat surface of a chair. In our previous study, we suggested that the cardiac and respiratory components could be extracted by executing template matching using a two-dimensional cross-correlation function for the signals that were obtained from the piezoelectric sensors. However, there was a difficulty with the signal extraction, depending on the seating position. Therefore, in this study, we examined the measurement of the heartbeat and breathing interval using independent component analysis and multiple piezoelectric sensors. Moreover, the heartbeat and breathing intervals that were obtained from the extracted cardiorespiratory components using our developed automatic decision method were compared with those obtained from electrocardiogram and pneumogram. As a result, it was found that we could achieve better error rates (0.93±0.44% and 5.23±3.04% for the heartbeat and respiratory intervals, respectively) than in our previous study.
FPGA Implementation of Real Time String Colour Detection
Authors: Sje Yin Teo , Ehkan P. , Voon Siew Soon , Chee Yuen Lam , N.M.Warip M.
Published: May 2017

A Machine vision for string detection is useful technologies which benefit to the industries such as food production. It reduces the risk that can harmful to our health and it can do work more accurate and efficient. The algorithm used is a colour detection which determines the colour of string and background subtraction for filter process by using the threshold range values. The target of detection focuses on plastic string with two different colours; pink and yellow strings. The threshold values used in hardware detection are ranged from 158 to 175 and 3 to 35 for pink and yellow string colours, respectively. The result shows that an object tied with strings is able to be detected and captured by using this system. Overall, this project is successfully developed and achieved the goal for real time detecting a string which is implemented on FPGA.
A Compact CPW-Fed Curved Meander Line Monopole Antenna (MLMA) for GSM Application
Authors: Afifah Borhan Nor , Asniza Murad Noor
Published: May 2017

Monopole antenna is widely used in many communication systems especially in broadcasting where omnidirectional pattern allow the 360-degree coverage. However, at low frequency the conventional design may require miniaturization to fit in versatile spaces. Thus, this paper discusses a low cost, compact CPW-fed curved meander line monopole antenna (MLMA) designed to operate at 0.9 GHz GSM band. The overall dimension is 25mm x 80mm. The antenna is well matched at required GSM band with the bandwidth from 0.88 GHz to 0.93 GHz. Comparison between the conventional MLMA and curved (MLMA) is made in term of return loss and gain. It was found that the curved MLMA has a better gain compared to the conventional MLMA which is 1.472 dB.
Guia de apresentação de teses
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Cuenca Angela Maria Belloni , Andrade Maria Teresinha Dias de ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Noronha Daisy Pires ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Ferraz Maria Lúcia Evangelista de Faria ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Buchalla Cássia Maria ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Estorniolo Filho José ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública
Published: May 2017

Esta é uma atualização da segunda edição do Guia de Apresentação de Teses, que tem como objetivo orientar os alunos de pós-graduação da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo na elaboração de suas dissertações e teses, fornecendo-lhes instruções sobre como apresentá-las em seus variados aspectos de forma, abordando os principais tipos de estudos desenvolvidos no campo da saúde pública
A biblioteca de Osman Lins no IEB/USP e na Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa
Authors: Pereira Eder Rodrigues
Published: May 2017

Depositada no Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da Universidade de São Paulo e na Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa, a biblioteca de Osman Lins conta com 282 livros. Como leituras declaradas, algumas obras guardam, enquanto documento arquivístico, a consolidação de um momento da criação. Desse modo, este artigo apresenta uma descrição da biblioteca como parte do processo criador do escritor pernambucano, visualizando que as anotações, grifos ou apontamentos de leitura se convertem em manuscrito, reforçando a importância da abordagem dos documentos do processo e a presença de um diálogo intertextual. •
The “Proper” Way to Study Religion?
Authors: Nongbri Brent
Published: May 2017

This brief response contextualizes Robert A. Segal's review of Before Religion in this journal.
Promoting Resilience During Adolescence: Voices of Latino Youth and Parents
Authors: Bosma Linda M. , Orozco Lumarie , Barriga Crystal C. , Rosas-Lee Maira , Sieving Renee E.
Published: May 2017

Difficult social circumstances contribute to numerous problems among Latino youth, which can include risky behaviors, school disengagement, health disparities, and relatively high rates of unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV/AIDS. To promote health and healthy development in spite of exposure to substantial social challenge, it is important to identify factors that contribute to resilience among Latino youth. We examine focus group data from the ¡Encuentro! study (10 youth groups, four parent groups) to learn elements identified by Latino youth and parents that support adolescents in reaching their goals. Honoring principles of community-based participatory research, a community–university analysis team coded data for emerging themes and identified protective factors within Masten’s resilience framework. All individual, social, and sociocultural protective factors in Masten’s framework were evident, including positive cultural standards, rituals, relationships, and supports. Challenges to resilience specific to Latino youth included prejudice and discrimination related to race/ethnicity and immigration.
Embedding quantitative methods by stealth in political science
Authors: Gunn Andrew
Published: May 2017

Student evaluations of quantitative methods courses in political science often reveal they are characterised by aversion, alienation and anxiety. As a solution to this problem, this paper describes a pedagogic research project with the aim of embedding quantitative methods by stealth into the first-year undergraduate curriculum. This paper describes the development and evaluation of new teaching and learning materials using active learning pedagogies. The learning activities were designed to develop introductory-level quantitative skills and create a positive first impression of quantitative methods by clearly communicating their value and relevance. The paper demonstrates how the study of psephology – electoral and polling data – can be used to embed quantitative methods within the substantive political science curriculum. This involved devising effective ways of not only teaching psephology but also recreating the experiences of ‘being a psephologist’ as a learning experience in a way that develops quantitative skills and embeds quantitative methods. This study illustrates how quantitative methods can be successfully embedded into the substantive curriculum and explores a range of relevant debates for pedagogical practice and curriculum design.
How scholars use academic social networking services
Authors: Bardakcı Salih , Arslan Ömer , Ünver Tuğba Kocadağ
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how scholars use academic social networking services (ASNSs). The study was designed in a qualitative research methodology. The data of the study were collected by a questionnaire developed by the researchers and inductive content analysis was applied to the data. The final version of the questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions, multiple response items along with demographics. The participants of the study were 95 scholars from 34 different universities and 29 different departments in Turkey. According to the findings, although ASNSs are widely used, the majority of the participants do not acquire them as a way of collaborative knowledge building with other researchers. The findings of the study were discussed with respect to socio-cultural aspects and scientific convention, as well as how ASNSs might have a role in the process of collaboration and information development with researchers across the globe.
Nonholonomic virtual constraints and gait optimization for robust walking control
Authors: Griffin Brent , Grizzle Jessy
Published: May 2017

A key challenge in robotic bipedal locomotion is the design of feedback controllers that function well in the presence of uncertainty, in both the robot and its environment. This paper addresses the design of feedback controllers and periodic gaits that function well in the presence of modest terrain variation, without over-reliance on perception and a priori knowledge of the environment. Model-based design methods are introduced and subsequently validated in simulation and experiment on MARLO, an underactuated three-dimensional bipedal robot that is of roughly human size and is equipped with an inertial measurement unit and joint encoders. Innovations include an optimization method that accounts for multiple types of disturbances and a feedback control design that enables continuous velocity-based posture regulation via nonholonomic virtual constraints. Using a single continuously defined controller taken directly from optimization, MARLO traverses sloped sidewalks and parking lots, terrain covered with randomly thrown boards, and grass fields, all while maintaining average walking speeds between 0.9 and 0.98 m/s and setting a new precedent for walking efficiency in realistic environments.
Travelling concepts and universal particularisms: A reappraisal of gentrification’s global reach
Authors: Maloutas Thomas
Published: May 2017

Some concepts travel worldwide, although they remain unobtrusively attached to the contexts in which they were produced and, therefore, are insufficiently abstract and general. Gentrification is a travelling concept with lingering attachments to the Anglo-American urban context. Three issues related to gentrification’s global reach are discussed in this paper. The first is the definition of gentrification. The simple definition adopted by the current gentrification research agenda leads us to accept gentrification’s global reach literally by definition. The second issue is the question of contextual boundaries. Boundaries that are too broad and ill-defined – such as the metropolis of the Global North versus the metropolis of the Global South – conceal what contextual difference may be about. The third issue is the reification of cultural differences, which may lead to them being used to explain attitudes towards gentrification, even though such attitudes could be explained by more prosaic socioeconomic motives compatible with Western rationalism. This paper concludes that the metamorphoses of gentrification through its different waves in the Anglophone world do not provide the script for understanding other cities’ urban histories and making sense of their urban restructuring processes. These cities must realize that new processes emerging under increasingly neoliberal policy orientations are regressive compared with previous arrangements, especially when they tend to exclude political alternatives. The Anglo-American world may have been a pioneering laboratory for the application of gentrification policies, but other parts of the world have shown more effective resistance that can be an asset in future struggles and sociopolitical arrangements and make a difference in people’s lives.
Long-running traditions of racial exclusionism: Is there evidence of historical continuity in local support for extreme right parties in England and Wales?
Authors: Kawalerowicz Juta
Published: May 2017

Some regions of the United Kingdom present more fertile grounds for consecutive incarnations of extreme right parties than others. In a study by Goodwin et al., the authors found evidence of the legacy effect, where an earlier cycle of activism by the National Front (NF), an extreme right political party active in the 1970s, emerged as a strong and significant predictor of membership in the British National Party (BNP) three decades later. While their study speaks to the supply-side arguments for extreme right success (organizational continuity and local cultural traditions in particular), here we examine whether a similar legacy effect can be observed with respect to demand for extreme right politics. As we are going to show there is some overlap between the share of votes cast for the NF and the BNP, yet there are a number of constituencies that do not adhere to this pattern. We conclude that while the supply-side legacy effect is not ruled out, the legacy effect hypothesis does not find support for demand-side explanation of extreme right support.
Access From Above—Bailout Solution for Intraoperative Distal Migration of Abdominal Aortic Stent Graft
Authors: Kuhelj Dimitrij , Avsenik Jernej , Nuredini Dašmir
Published: May 2017

The majority of the ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms today is treated endovascularly. In cases with short aneurysm neck, chimney technique can be used to extend landing zone in emergency setting. Additionally, the repositioning ability of C3 delivery system (Gore & Associates) allows better positioning in cases with challenging anatomy. In our experience, proximal reposition of partially deployed device can be problematic in some patients. We present a case of endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm using chimney technique where proximal reposition was achieved by snaring the aortic device via axillary access.
Transcervical Carotid Stent Placement in the Setting of a Hostile Neck and a Type III Aortic Arch
Authors: Huntress Lauren A. , Nassiri Naiem , Shafritz Randy , Rahimi Saum A.
Published: May 2017

Previous radical neck dissection and neck irradiation pose considerable operative risks in patients requiring carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid disease. Carotid stenting is an acceptable alternative for these patients but carries a higher risk of cerebrovascular accidents especially in patients with type III aortic arch anatomy. Herein, we present a technically challenging case of a patient with an irradiated neck and a history of radical neck dissection who presented with a symptomatic high-grade left internal carotid artery stenosis in the setting of a type III aortic arch. He was treated via a hybrid approach for carotid artery stenting.
Applications for Research Concerning Fetal or Placental Tissue and Expected Institutional Review Board Responses
Authors: Borgatta Lynn , Kaufman David , Kelly Judith Parsells , Babaian David , Banks Mary
Published: May 2017

Proposals for research concerning fetal and/or placental tissue may be refused institutional review board (IRB) review, effectively preventing the research from occurring. We conducted an anonymous electronic survey of IRB chairs to determine their assessment of the likely response to research projects using fetal/placental tissue obtained from various procedures. We found that proposals concerning tissue obtained from diagnostic procedures or miscarriage were anticipated to be considered at most institutions. Tissue obtained after abortion was likely to be refused consideration by more than 25% of respondents. Additional consultation during review was anticipated for up to 30% of scenarios. Responses for fetal and placental tissue were similar. The most frequently anticipated reason for refusal was institutional policy.
Kriging-based optimization design for a new style shell with black box constraints
Authors: Dong Huachao , Song Baowei , Wang Peng
Published: May 2017

Complex engineering applications generally have the black box and computationally expensive characteristics. Surrogate-based optimization algorithms can effectively solve expensive black box optimization problems. This paper employs the kriging predictor to construct a surrogate model and uses an initial multistart optimization process to realize the global search on this kriging model. Based on a proposed trust region framework, a local search is carried out around the current promising solution. The whole optimization algorithm is implemented to solve a new style shell design of the autonomous underwater vehicle. Based on finite element analysis, buoyancy–weight ratio, maximum von Mises stress, and buckling critical load of the new style shell are calculated and stored as expensive sample values to construct the kriging model. Finally, the better design parameters of the new shell are obtained by this proposed optimization algorithm. In addition, compared with the traditional shell, the new shell shows the stronger stability and better buoyancy–weight ratio.
Endoscopic management of bile leaks after liver transplantation: An analysis of two high-volume transplant centers
Authors: Sendino Oriol , Fernández-Simon Alejandro , Law Ryan , Abu Dayyeh Barham , Leise Michael , Chavez-Rivera Karina , Cordova Henry , Colmenero Jordi , Crespo Gonzalo , Rodriguez de Miguel Cristina , Fondevila Constantino , Llach Josep , Navasa Miquel , Baron Todd , Cárdenas Andrés
Published: May 2017

Background

Bile leak after liver transplantation (LT) is commonly treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP); however, there are limited data regarding the optimal treatment strategy.

Objective

We aimed to examine the role of ERCP in LT recipients with bile leaks at two large institutions.

Methods

We reviewed all ERCPs performed in LT recipients with bile leak and duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis at two high-volume transplant centers.

Results

Eighty patients were included. Forty-seven (59%) patients underwent ERCP with plastic stent placement (with or without sphincterotomy) and 33 patients (41%) underwent sphincterotomy alone. Complete resolution was obtained in 94% of the stent group vs. 58% of the sphincterotomy group ( p < 0.01). There was no difference in three-month survival among both groups. Percutaneous transhepatic therapy and surgery were required in 4% and 6% in the stent group vs. 12% and 42% in the sphincterotomy group, respectively ( p = 0.22 and p < 0.001). The only predictive factor of bile leak resolution was stent placement.

Conclusion

ERCP with plastic stent placement is highly successful and more effective than sphincterotomy alone for post-LT bile leak treatment. These results indicate that ERCP and plastic stent placement should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of bile leaks in LT.
Full-field infrared phase sensitive thermography for microstructural investigation of giant magnetostrictive materials
Authors: Yang Peng , Law Chiu T. , Elhajjar Rani F.
Published: May 2017

Background

Giant magnetostrictive materials are increasingly proposed for smart material applications such as in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting applications. However, reviewing the literature on this topic, the reader observes a large amount of variability in the reported properties that are typically generated from overall strain or point-value strain measurements obtained with strain gages using the far field estimate to project the internal magnetic field in the specimen.

Methods

A full-field phase-sensitive thermography method is proposed to correlate the full-field infrared measurements to changes in the microstructure induced by a cyclic magnetic field in a giant magnetostrictive alloy material.

Results

The results show the potential of the proposed method in rapidly uncovering the effects of geometry and defects on the magnetostrictive response. The results show responses at the microstructure level from both magnetocaloric and magnetostrictive effects.

Conclusions

The effects of the magnetostrictive material’s microstructural spatial variability and the specimen geometry on the localized magnetostrictive response warrant serious considerations but so far have not received significant attention. The method proposed is capable of highlighting magneto-elastic coupling in the composite specimens using the cycle magnetic field.
A Ground-Motion Logic-Tree Scheme for Regional Seismic Hazard Studies
Authors: Kale Özkan , Akkar Sinan
Published: May 2017

We propose a methodology that can be useful to the hazard expert in building ground-motion logic trees to capture the center and range of ground-motion amplitudes. The methodology can be used to identify a logic-tree structure and weighting scheme that prevents the dominancy of a specific ground-motion model. This strategy can be useful for regional probabilistic seismic hazard since logic-trees biased by a specific ground-motion predictive model (GMPE) may cause disparities in the seismic hazard for regions represented by large number of sites with complex seismic features. The methodology first identifies a suit of candidate ground-motion prediction equations that can cover the center, body and range of estimated ground motions. The GMPE set is then used for establishing alternative logic-trees composed of different weighting schemes to identify the one(s) that would not be biased towards a particular GMPE due to its sensitivity to the weights. The proposed methodology utilizes visual and statistical tools to assess the ground motion distributions over large areas that makes it more practical for regional hazard studies.
Modeling and Evaluation of a Seismically Isolated Bridge Using Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators
Authors: Al-Anany Yasser M. , Moustafa Mohamed A. , Tait Michael J.
Published: May 2017

An unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator (U-FREI) is a relatively new type of elastomeric bearing that can be implemented as a seismic isolator for bridges. U-FREIs possess beneficial characteristics, including their potentially low-cost and light-weight construction. Individual U-FREIs can be rapidly produced as they can be easily cut from large sheets to the required size and shape, which is an attractive feature for accelerated bridge construction. The objectives of this paper are to introduce a noniterative analytical model to simulate the lateral response of U-FREI, and then to utilize the model to investigate the seismic response of a typical highway bridge isolated using U-FREI and compare it with a traditional non-isolated bridge. The isolated bridge demonstrated a resilient seismic behavior where all the bridge components remained elastic with no damage or residual deformation. The analytical results indicate that the seismic demand of the isolated bridge is reduced by up to 77% and 84% in terms of base shear and accelerations, respectively, as compared with the non-isolated bridge.
Addressing Hereditary Cancer Risk at the End of Life
Authors: Roeland Eric J. , Dullea Alexandra D. , Hagmann Chelsea H. , Madlensky Lisa
Published: May 2017

Oncology guidelines clearly outline evidence-based recommendations for patients with newly diagnosed cancer to help oncologists determine which patients are appropriate for a genetic assessment. Ideally, patients with newly diagnosed cancer, who have personal or family histories suggestive of hereditary cancer predisposition, are referred for genetics work up in the nonurgent setting. However, in some cases, a genetics work up is delayed until the end of life. This is a time of heightened stress and additional obstacles, including discordance between family members regarding the obtainment of genetic information, paying for testing, selecting a surrogate to receive and disperse information in the case of a patient’s death, and the use of DNA banking for future evaluation. To meaningfully participate and support patients, family members, and our colleagues facing requests at the end of life for genetic testing, we provide a practical approach and highlight resources to effectively engage in this rising challenge.
The “Comfort” Of Critical Consolidation: Pedagogy, Ethical Alienation, and Asian American Literary Studies
Authors: Chen Tina
Published: May 2017

This article proposes ethical alienation as a critical pedagogical practice by analyzing the neoteric critical consolidation of Asian American literary and cultural studies, a consolidation marked by the recent (and near simultaneous) publication of four major compendiums—The Routledge Companion to Asian American and Pacific Islander Literature (Lee 2014), Keywords for Asian American Studies (Schlund-Vials, Vo, and Wong 2015), The Cambridge Companion to Asian American Literature (Parikh and Kim 2015), and The Cambridge History of Asian American Literature (Srikanth and Song 2015). The publication of these four compendiums within the span of a year signals a pivotal moment in Asian American literary and cultural studies, one that both recognizes the institutional gains of the field and addresses the (in)compatibilities between the field’s theoretical developments and its pedagogical practices. This article considers the centrality of ethics to a postidentity Asian American studies, suggesting how ethical alienation—signaled both by the figuration of “comfort women”/military sex slaves/halmoni and our own estrangement from it—can create productive classroom and metapedagogical practices in the study of Asian American literature. By attending to the field’s consolidations around a set of pedagogical and scholarly imperatives and analyzing that critical solidification in relation to “comfort women”/military sex slaves/halmoni both as a figuration of “complex personhood” (Gordon 1997, 4–5) and as an interdisciplinary “term of analysis and history rather than personhood” (Chuh 2003a, 9), this article argues that ethical alienation as pedagogical practice can lead us to a differently ordered set of disciplinary priorities.
Seventy-Five Years among the New Words
Authors: Zimmer Benjamin , Carson Charles E. , Solomon Jane
Published: May 2017

In celebration of the 75th anniversary of American Speech's regular feature “Among the New Words,” the current editors briefly recount the column's history and then highlight some of the words treated therein. A notable word from each year since 1941 was selected from the published treatments for further reflection and reevaluation. The words treated here not only demonstrate the evolving nature of the English language, but also reflect historical events, societal changes, and technological developments from the last three-quarters of a century, starting in the midst of World War II and ending in the rise of the information Age and social media.
New exponential functions based on CT density to estimate the percentage of liver that is fat
Authors: Keramida Georgia , Peters A Michael
Published: May 2017

Objective:

In fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT, hepatic standardized uptake value (SUV) is reduced through “signal dilution” by hepatic fat. The maximum SUV (SUVmax) is less affected than the mean SUV (SUVmean), therefore SUVmax/SUVmean correlates with hepatic fat. The SUV can be corrected for signal dilution using an equation relating CT density (CTD) to %fat. The objective was to exploit the relationship between SUV indices and CTD to assess the validity of two previously published equations (one linear and one sigmoid) for estimating %fat from CTD and two new exponential equations.

Methods:

Study population comprised 465 patients having routine fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. The SUVmax, SUVmean and CTD were measured from a 3-cm-diameter region of interest over the liver. The exponential equations assumed that 100% fat corresponds to CTD of −50 or −100 HU. The proportion of liver occupied by fat (P  F) was estimated from all four equations. Then fat-corrected SUVmean is SUVmean/(1 − P  F). The ideal equation should give SUVmean approaching but not exceeding SUVmax and give fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax that shows no correlation with CTD.

Results:

The linear equation failed at CTD values exceeding 55.8 HU because it gave negative P  F values. Moreover, fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax still correlated with CTD. The sigmoid equation grossly overcorrected SUVmean at low CTD. The exponential equations abolished the correlation between fat-corrected SUVmean/SUVmax and CTD.

Conclusion:

The sigmoid equation is unsuitable for estimating %fat from CTD. The linear equation performed well, but the exponential equation assuming that 100% fat corresponds to −50 HU performed best.

Advances in knowledge:

Improved (exponential) equations to estimate hepatic fat from hepatic CTD.