bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Submicron Particle Separation Via Vortex-Enhanced Ionic Concentration Polarization: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Dezhkam Rasool , Amiri Hoseyn A. , Collins David J. , Miansari Morteza
Published: December 2022

Separation and isolation of suspended submicron particles is fundamental to a wide range of applications, including desalination, chemical processing, and medical diagnostics. Ion concentration polarization (ICP), an electrokinetic phenomenon in micro-nano interfaces, has gained attention due to its unique ability to manipulate molecules or particles in suspension and solution. Less well understood, though, is the ability of this phenomenon to generate circulatory fluid flow, and how this enables and enhances continuous particle capture. Here, we perform a comprehensive study of a low-voltage ICP, demonstrating a new electrokinetic method for extracting submicron particles via flow-enhanced particle redirection. To do so, a 2D-FEM model solves the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equation coupled with the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations. Four distinct operational modes (Allowed, Blocked, Captured, and Dodged) were recognized as a function of the particle’s charges and sizes, resulting in the capture or release from ICP-induced vortices, with the critical particle dimensions determined by appropriately tuning inlet flow rates (200–800 [µm/s]) and applied voltages (0–2.5 [V]). It is found that vortices are generated above a non-dimensional ICP-induced velocity of U*=1, which represents an equilibrium between ICP velocity and lateral flow velocity. It was also found that in the case of multi-target separation, the surface charge of the particle, rather than a particle’s size, is the primary determinant of particle trajectory. These findings contribute to a better understanding of ICP-based particle separation and isolation, as well as laying the foundations for the rational design and optimization of ICP-based sorting systems.
Intelligent Predictive Solution Dynamics for Dahl Hysteresis Model of Piezoelectric Actuator
Authors: Naz Sidra , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Mehmood Ammara , Jaafery Aneela Zameer
Published: December 2022

Piezoelectric actuated models are promising high-performance precision positioning devices used for broad applications in the field of precision machines and nano/micro manufacturing. Piezoelectric actuators involve a nonlinear complex hysteresis that may cause degradation in performance. These hysteresis effects of piezoelectric actuators are mathematically represented as a second-order system using the Dahl hysteresis model. In this paper, artificial intelligence-based neurocomputing feedforward and backpropagation networks of the Levenberg–Marquardt method (LMM-NNs) and Bayesian Regularization method (BRM-NNs) are exploited to examine the numerical behavior of the Dahl hysteresis model representing a piezoelectric actuator, and the Adams numerical scheme is used to create datasets for various cases. The generated datasets were used as input target values to the neural network to obtain approximated solutions and optimize the values by using backpropagation neural networks of LMM-NNs and BRM-NNs. The performance analysis of LMM-NNs and BRM-NNs of the Dahl hysteresis model of the piezoelectric actuator is validated through convergence curves and accuracy measures via mean squared error and regression analysis.
BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Past, Present and Any Future?
Authors: Bazzari Firas H. , Bazzari Amjad H.
Published: December 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The complexity of AD has hindered the development of either a cure or a disease-modifying therapy to halt the disease progression. Numerous hypotheses were presented in order to explain the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD. Introduced in 1992, the “Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis” had a huge impact on the field and inspired the rise of various drug candidates, especially amyloid-beta (Aβ)-directed drugs; including beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitors. Adopted by a number of pharmaceutical companies, the development of BACE1 inhibitors has gained momentum in the past decade with promising results from experimental and early clinical-phase studies. Nevertheless, nearly all BACE1 inhibitors failed in later phases of clinical trials, due to safety and/or efficacy issues, and others were discontinued early in favor of second-generation small-molecule candidates. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of all BACE1 inhibitors to ever reach clinical trials, and we discuss the challenges and different perspectives on whether BACE1 inhibitors are to be reconsidered or revitalized in the future.
Bidirectional Associations between Daytime Napping Duration and Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Jinqi , Wu Zhiyuan , Jin Xiaohan , Jin Rui , Han Ze , Zhang Haiping , Xu Zongkai , Liu Yue , Guo Xiuhua , Tao Lixin
Published: December 2022

Background: We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between daytime napping duration and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015, modified Poisson regression models were performed to explore the longitudinal associations of baseline napping duration with the occurrence and remission of MetS. Generalized estimating equation was conducted to explore the association between baseline MetS status with subsequent changes in daytime napping duration. Cross-lagged panel analysis was performed to further verify their bidirectional relationships. Results: During the four-year follow-up, among 5041 participants without MetS at baseline, extended naps were significantly associated with MetS occurrence, compared with non-napping. This association was only significant in individuals with adequate night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality of the 2898 participants with MetS at baseline. Excessive napping duration may be not favorable for MetS remission especially for adequate night-time sleepers. With respect to reverse associations, baseline MetS status significantly increased the napping duration during the subsequent follow-up period. Finally, there were significant bidirectional cross-lagged associations between napping duration and MetS severity score after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions: Our study indicates bidirectional relationships exist between daytime napping duration and MetS. Interestingly, longer napping duration was detrimental to cardiometabolic health only in those with sufficient night-time sleep duration or good sleep quality.
Fighting Obesity-Related Micronutrient Deficiencies through Biofortification of Agri-Food Crops with Sustainable Fertilization Practices
Authors: Guardiola-Márquez Carlos Esteban , Santos-Ramírez María Teresa , Segura-Jiménez M. Eugenia , Figueroa-Montes Melina Lizeth , Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel A.
Published: December 2022

Obesity is a critical medical condition worldwide that is increasingly involved with nutritional derangements associated with micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity are mainly caused by poor-quality diets, higher nutrient requirements, alterations in micronutrient metabolism, and invasive obesity treatments. The current conventional agricultural system is designed for intensive food production, focusing on food quantity rather than food quality, consuming excessive agricultural inputs, and producing nutrient-deficient foods, thus generating severe health and environmental problems; agricultural food products may worsen obesity-related malnutrition. Therefore, modern agriculture is adopting new biofortification technologies to combat micronutrient deficiencies and improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Biofertilization and nanofertilization practices are increasingly used due to their efficiency, safety, and reduced environmental impact. Biofertilizers are preparations of PGP-microorganisms that promote plant growth by influencing plant metabolism and improving the nutrient uptake, and nanofertilizers consist of synthesized nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties that are capable of increasing plant nutrition and enriching agricultural products. This review presents the current micronutrient deficiencies associated with obesity, the modern unsustainable agri-food system contributing to obesity progression, and the development of bio- and nanofertilizers capable of biofortifying agri-food crops with micronutrients commonly deficient in patients with obesity.
A Critical Appraisal of the Most Recent Investigations on the Hepatoprotective Action of Brazilian Plants
Authors: Garcia-Manieri Jéssica Amanda Andrade , Correa Vanesa Gesser , Backes Emanueli , de Sá-Nakanishi Anacharis Babeto , Bracht Lívia , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Corrêa Rúbia Carvalho Gomes , Peralta Rosane Marina , Bracht Adelar
Published: December 2022

Conventional treatments for liver diseases are often burdened by side effects caused by chemicals. For minimizing this problem, the search for medicines based on natural products has increased. The objective of this review was to collect data on the potential hepatoprotective activity of plants of the Brazilian native flora. Special attention was given to the modes of extraction, activity indicators, and identification of the active compounds. The databases were Science direct, Pubmed, and Google Academic. Inclusion criteria were: (a) plants native to Brazil; (b) studies carried out during the last 15 years; (c) high-quality research. A fair number of communications met these criteria. Various parts of plants can be used, e.g., fruit peels, seeds, stem barks, and leaves. An outstanding characteristic of the active extracts is that they were mostly obtained from plant parts with low commercial potential, i.e., by-products or bio-residues. The hepatoprotective activities are exerted by constituents such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamin C, phytosterols, and fructose poly- and oligosaccharides. Several Brazilian plants present excellent perspectives for the obtainment of hepatoprotective formulations. Very important is the economical perspective for the rural producers which may eventually increase their revenue by selling increasingly valued raw materials which otherwise would be wasted.
Engineering Resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Using a Truncated NLR (TNx) and a Defense-Priming Gene
Authors: Guimaraes Patricia Messenberg , Quintana Andressa Cunha , Mota Ana Paula Zotta , Berbert Pedro Souza , Ferreira Deziany da Silva , de Aguiar Matheus Nascimento , Pereira Bruna Medeiros , de Araújo Ana Claudia Guerra , Brasileiro Ana Cristina Miranda
Published: December 2022

The association of both cell-surface PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) and intracellular receptor NLRs (Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat) in engineered plants have the potential to activate strong defenses against a broad range of pathogens. Here, we describe the identification, characterization, and in planta functional analysis of a novel truncated NLR (TNx) gene from the wild species Arachis stenosperma (AsTIR19), with a protein structure lacking the C-terminal LRR (Leucine Rich Repeat) domain involved in pathogen perception. Overexpression of AsTIR19 in tobacco plants led to a significant reduction in infection caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with a further reduction in pyramid lines containing an expansin-like B gene (AdEXLB8) potentially involved in defense priming. Transcription analysis of tobacco transgenic lines revealed induction of hormone defense pathways (SA; JA-ET) and PRs (Pathogenesis-Related proteins) production. The strong upregulation of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) gene in the pyramid lines suggests its central role in mediating immune responses in plants co-expressing the two transgenes, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production enhanced by AdEXLB8 cues leading to stronger defense response. Here, we demonstrate that the association of potential priming elicitors and truncated NLRs can produce a synergistic effect on fungal resistance, constituting a promising strategy for improved, non-specific resistance to plant pathogens.
Influence of Stabilization Additive on Rheological, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene
Authors: Mihelčič Mohor , Oseli Alen , Huskić Miroslav , Slemenik Perše Lidija
Published: December 2022

To decrease the amount of plastic waste, the use of recycling techniques become a necessity. However, numerous recycling cycles result in the mechanical, thermal, and chemical degradation of the polymer, which leads to an inefficient use of recycled polymers for the production of plastic products. In this study, the effects of recycling and the improvement of polymer performance with the incorporation of an additive into recycled polypropylene was studied by spectroscopic, rheological, optical, and mechanical characterization techniques. The results showed that after 20 recycling steps of mechanical processing of polypropylene, the main degradation processes of polypropylene are chain scission of polymer chains and oxidation, which can be improved by the addition of a stabilizing additive. It was shown that a small amount of an additive significantly improves the properties of the recycled polypropylene up to the 20th reprocessing cycle. The use of an additive improves the rheological properties of the recycled melt, surface properties, and time-dependent mechanical properties of solid polypropylene since it was shown that the additive acts as a hardener and additionally crosslinks the recycled polymer chains.
Advances in Polymeric Colloids for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ali Imran , Althakfi Sara H. , Suhail Mohammad , Locatelli Marcello , Hsieh Ming-Fa , Alsehli Mosa , Hameed Ahmed M.
Published: December 2022

Polymer colloids have remarkable features and are gaining importance in many areas of research including medicinal science. Presently, the innovation of cancer drugs is at the top in the world. Polymer colloids have been used as drug delivery and diagnosis agents in cancer treatment. The polymer colloids may be of different types such as micelles, liposomes, emulsions, cationic carriers, and hydrogels. The current article describes the state-of-the-art polymer colloids for the treatment of cancer. The contents of this article are about the role of polymeric nanomaterials with special emphasis on the different types of colloidal materials and their applications in targeted cancer therapy including cancer diagnoses. In addition, attempts are made to discuss future perspectives. This article will be useful for academics, researchers, and regulatory authorities.
Selective Solvolysis of Bio-Based PU-Coated Fabric
Authors: De Smet David , Verjans Jente , Vanneste Myriam
Published: December 2022

Polyurethane (PU) coatings are widely applied on high performing textiles due to their excellent durability and mechanical properties. PUs based on renewable resources were developed to improve the environmental impact of coatings by decreasing the carbon footprint. However, at the end-of-life, PU-coated textiles still end up as landfill or are incinerated since PUs are not biodegradable and are not being recycled at this moment. Therefore, the recycling of PU-coated substrates needs to be examined. This study reports the selective solvolysis of a polyester (PET) fabric coated with a bio-based PU using a 70% ZnCl2 aqueous solution. This method allowed the easy separation of the coating from the fabric. The thermal, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the virgin PET and recycled PET were examined via tensile strength tests, IR, TGA, DSC and GPC. Analysis of the fractions after solvolysis revealed that the PU was converted into the original polyol and an amine, corresponding to the isocyanate used for PU synthesis.
Cyber Threat Intelligence for IoT Using Machine Learning
Authors: Mishra Shailendra , Albarakati Aiman , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological revolution that enables human-to-human and machine-to-machine communication for virtual data exchange. The IoT allows us to identify, locate, and access the various things and objects around us using low-cost sensors. The Internet of Things offers many benefits but also raises many issues, especially in terms of privacy and security. Appropriate solutions must be found to these challenges, and privacy and security are top priorities in the IoT. This study identifies possible attacks on different types of networks as well as their countermeasures. This study provides valuable insights to vulnerability researchers and IoT network protection specialists because it teaches them how to avoid problems in real networks by simulating them and developing proactive solutions. IoT anomalies were detected by simulating message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) over a virtual network. Utilizing DDoS attacks and some machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and logistic regression (LR), as well as an artificial neural network, multilayer perceptron (MLP), naive Bayes (NB) and decision tree (DT) are used to detect and mitigate the attack. The proposed approach uses a dataset of 4998 records and 34 features with 8 classes of network traffic. The classifier RF showed the best performance with 99.94% accuracy. An intrusion detection system using Snort was implemented. The results provided theoretical proof of applicability and feasibility.
Effect of Microparticles on Fungal Fermentation for Fermentation-Based Product Productions
Authors: Iram Attia , Özcan Ali , Yatmaz Ercan , Turhan İrfan , Demirci Ali
Published: December 2022

Ranging from simple food ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals, value-added products via microbial fermentation have many advantages over their chemically synthesized alternatives. Some of such advantages are environment-friendly production pathways, more specificity in the case of enzymes as compared to the chemical catalysts and reduction of harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals or strong acids and bases. Fungal fermentation systems include yeast and filamentous fungal cells based on cell morphology and culture conditions. However, filamentous fungal fermentation has gained attention in the past few decades because of the diversity of microbial products and robust production of some of the most value-added commodities. This type of fungal fermentation is usually carried out by solid-state fermentation. However, solid-state fermentation poses problems during the scale-up for industrial production. Therefore, submerged fermentation for value-added products is usually preferred for scaling-up purposes. The main problem with submerged fungal fermentation is the formation of complex mycelial clumps or pellets. The formation of such pellets increases the viscosity of the media and hinders the efficient transfer of oxygen and nutrient resources in the liquid phase. The cells at the center of the clump or pellet start to die because of a shortage of resources and, thus, productivity decreases substantially. To overcome this problem, various morphological engineering techniques are being researched. One approach is the use of microparticles. Microparticles are inert particles with various size ranges that are used in fermentation. These microparticles are shown to have positive effects, such as high enzyme productivity or smaller pellets with fungal fermentation. Therefore, this review provides a background about the types of microparticles and summarizes some of the recent studies with special emphasis on the fungal morphology changes and microparticle types along with the applications of microparticles in filamentous fungal fermentations.
Long-Term Loss of Coral Reef in the Gulf of Aqaba Estimated from Historical Aerial Images
Authors: Topel Elad , Lehahn Yoav
Published: December 2022

Located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba coral reef is highly susceptible to anthropogenic pressure associated with the massive development of the two neighboring cities of Eilat and Aqaba. Over the years, the reef has been extensively studied in a number of research and monitoring programs, which provide detailed information on a variety of ecological, physiological, biogeochemical and physical variables. Due to the local nature of these surveys, although the state of the reef at specific times and locations is very well characterized, long-term changes in the spatial characteristics of the reef as a whole have not yet been quantified. Here, through analysis of historical aerial images, we address one of the most important aspects of this knowledge gap and quantify the decrease in coral reef coverage, with respect to a baseline level prior to the establishment of the City of Eilat in 1949. Our results show that along a 8460 m segment of the shoreline at the northwestern edge of the GOA (29°29′–30°N/34°54′–35°E), infrastructure construction has led to the loss of more than 4810 m2 of coral reef. This loss has been caused either directly by the construction (most importantly the Eilat Port) or indirectly by changing environmental conditions, which in turn damage the reef. Our results show that historical aerial images can provide a unique source of information on the spatial characteristics of marine and coastal systems prior to the era of Earth observation satellites.
Application of Microwave Transmission Sensors for Water Cut Metering under Varying Salinity Conditions: Device, Algorithm and Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Zuo Kai , Hong Yi , Qi Haitao , Li Yi , Li Baolong
Published: December 2022

The measurement of water cut in crude oil is an essential procedure in petroleum production and it is desirable to obtain these data through an automatic and real-time method. Microwave sensors can be used for the task, and they are safe, robust and can cover the whole water cut range. However, they are relatively susceptible to the water conductivity and temperature, and the algorithms for addressing these problems are still rare in the literature. In this paper, a microwave transmission sensor that can measure the water cut under varying salinity conditions is proposed, and the algorithm for solving the water cut and salinity simultaneously with the measured amplitude and phase is described in detail. Experiments under different water cut and salinity conditions are conducted, and the results are used to verify the model and algorithm. Finally, a simplified and fast method for uncertainty analysis is proposed and applied to the iteration algorithm under test conditions. It can be concluded that accuracy higher than 95% in the water cut measurements can be expected under the 0~100% water cut range, and an error of about 10% in the water conductivity is achievable under water-continuous flow conditions. The uncertainty analysis shows that the calculated water cut and salinity results are negatively correlated, and the water salinity uncertainty tends to be larger than the water cut uncertainty. When the water salinity is high, the water cut uncertainty tends to be high whereas the water salinity uncertainty tends to be low.
The Impact of Trayless Dining Implementation on University Diners’ Satisfaction, Food Selection, Consumption, and Waste Behaviors
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Kwon Junehee
Published: December 2022

To evaluate the impact of trayless dining implementation on food selection, consumption, waste, and customer satisfaction, the authors used the quasi-experimental design to assess the attitudes and behaviors of on-campus diners at a university. Students dined as usual (i.e., with trays) while data were collected for one week and without trays for the second week. Digital photography and plate waste assessment of 329 trays evaluated participants’ food selection, consumption, and waste behaviors. Surveys were used to assess students’ attitudes and satisfaction with trayless dining (n = 73). An independent samples Mann–Whitney U test was utilized to analyze food selection, consumption, and waste differences. The result of the study revealed that the amount of food selected and consumed was reduced during trayless dining implementation. The total calories and fat content were lower during trayless dining implementation, and the participants reported reduced satiety. However, the data did not show significant food waste reduction but showed customer dissatisfaction and reluctance to change due to increased inconvenience. This study contributed to the existing literature by quantifying diners’ food selection, consumption, and waste amounts, revealing the positive impact of trayless dining on food selection and consumption. Additionally, the detailed methodology will allow future researchers to replicate a similar intervention.
Solutions of 2-D Bratu Equations Using Lie Group Method
Authors: Abd-el-Malek Mina B. , Amin Amr M. , Mahmoud Mahmoud E.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the nonlinear term in the two-dimensional Bratu equation has been replaced by its Taylor’s expansion. Hence, the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation has been studied using the Lie group method. The symmetry reductions that reduce nonlinear partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations are determined using the Lie group theory. The resultant ordinary differential equations were analytically solved, and the solutions were obtained in closed form for some specified parameter values, while others were solved numerically. We investigated the effect of increasing the value of the coefficient of the nonlinear term on the behavior of the solution in the obtained results, and the solutions were graphically presented.
Disparities in Coverage of Adult Immunization among Older Adults in India
Authors: Singh Damini , Sinha Abhinav , Kanungo Srikanta , Pati Sanghamitra
Published: December 2022

A lack of a universal adult immunization scheme in India poses a challenge to achieve universal health coverage. Healthcare disparity is one of the biggest challenges in low- and middle-income countries such as India. We aimed to estimate the disparities in coverage of various adult vaccines among older adults in India using nationally representative data. An observational analysis among 31,464 participants aged ≥60 years from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018, was conducted. Vaccination coverage across wealth quintiles and selected non-communicable diseases were reported as frequencies and weighted proportions along with their 95% confidence intervals as a measure of uncertainty. The highest coverage was of the diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (2.75%) followed by typhoid (1.84%), hepatitis B (1.82%), influenza (1.59%), and pneumococcal (0.74%). The most affluent groups had a higher coverage of all vaccines. Participants having high cholesterol, psychiatric conditions, and cancer had the highest coverage of all vaccines. Overall, a very low coverage of all vaccines was observed. The coverage was influenced by social determinants of health, depicting a disparity in accessing immunization. Hence, at-risk groups such as the deprived and multimorbid patients need to be covered under the ambit of free immunization to achieve universal health coverage.
Therapeutic Potentials of Immunometabolomic Modulations Induced by Tuberculosis Vaccination
Authors: Rawat Bhupendra , Kumar Deepak , Soni Vijay , Rosenn Eric
Published: December 2022

Metabolomics is emerging as a promising tool to understand the effect of immunometabolism for the development of novel host-directed alternative therapies. Immunometabolism can modulate both innate and adaptive immunity in response to pathogens and vaccinations. For instance, infections can affect lipid and amino acid metabolism while vaccines can trigger bile acid and carbohydrate pathways. Metabolomics as a vaccinomics tool, can provide a broader picture of vaccine-induced biochemical changes and pave a path to potentiate the vaccine efficacy. Its integration with other systems biology tools or treatment modes can enhance the cure, response rate, and control over the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection can remodel the host metabolism for its survival, while there are many biochemical pathways that the host adjusts to combat the infection. Similarly, the anti-TB vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), was also found to affect the host metabolic pathways thus modulating immune responses. In this review, we highlight the metabolomic schema of the anti-TB vaccine and its therapeutic applications. Rewiring of immune metabolism upon BCG vaccination induces different signaling pathways which lead to epigenetic modifications underlying trained immunity. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, central carbon metabolism, and cholesterol synthesis play an important role in these aspects of immunity. Trained immunity and its applications are increasing day by day and it can be used to develop the next generation of vaccines to treat various other infections and orphan diseases. Our goal is to provide fresh insight into this direction and connect various dots to develop a conceptual framework.
Failure Process Analysis of Landslide Triggered by Rainfall at Volcanic Area: Fangshan Landslide Case Study
Authors: Gu Weiwei , Li Zinan , Lin Cheng , Zhang Faming , Dong Menglong , Li Yukun , Liu Chang
Published: December 2022

The Fangshan landslide was a rainfall-induced landslide that occurred in a volcanic area in the Fangshan scenic spot, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. On 25 October 2016, after approximately 10 days of continuous rainfall, a shallow landslide rapidly developed, which triggered slow movement of deep mudstone rock. According to the characteristics of the landslide body, measures such as anti-slide piles, anchor cables and drainage were used to reinforce the landslide. Active drainage measures included arranging plant growth zones at the trailing edge of the landslide, and passive drainage measures included arranging pumping wells at the trailing edge of the landslide. It is worth emphasizing that the Fangshan landslide was the first example of a landslide in Jiangsu Province, China that was treated by actively lowering the water pressure. After landslide treatment from 16 May 2017 to 21 January 2018, the Fangshan landslide tended to be stable. However, the stable landslide was reactivated by the rise in groundwater level caused by rainfall and pumping well damage and underwent accelerated downward sliding in July 2020. The Fangshan landslide has caused great damage to the roads and buildings of Fangshan scenic spot, with a direct loss of RMB 6 million and an indirect loss of RMB 95 million. This article discusses the development process of the shallow soil landslide and the underlying deep mudstone rock landslide. The influence of groundwater level variation on the deformation of the shallow soil landslide and deep mudstone rock landslide of the Fangshan landslide are also discussed.
Uranium and Fluoride Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Biochar: A Critical Review for Understanding the Role of Feedstock Types, Mechanisms, and Modification Methods
Authors: Thakur Anjali , Kumar Rakesh , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar
Published: December 2022

Uranium (U) and fluoride (F−) are the major global geogenic contaminants in aquifers and pose serious health issues. Biochar, a potential adsorbent, has been widely applied to remediate geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants. However, there is a lack of research progress in understanding the role of different feedstock types, modifications, adsorption mechanisms on physico-chemical properties of biochar, and factors affecting the adsorption of U and F− from aqueous solution. To fill this lacuna, the present review gives insight into the U and F− removal from aqueous solution utilizing biochar from various feedstocks. Feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, modifications, solution pH, surface area, and surface-charge-influenced biochar adsorption capacities have been discussed in detail. Major feedstock types that facilitated U and F− adsorption were crop residues/agricultural waste, softwood, grasses, and animal manure. Low-to-medium pyrolyzing temperature yielded better biochar properties for U and F− adsorption. Effective modification techniques were mainly acidic and magnetic for U adsorption, while metal oxides, hydroxides, alkali, and magnetic modification were favourable for F− adsorption. The major mechanisms of U adsorption were an electrostatic attraction and surface complexation, while for F− adsorption, the major mechanisms were ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. Lastly, the limitations and challenges of using biochar have also been discussed.
Research on the Impact of Water Conservancy Projects on Downstream Floodplain Wetlands—Taking Yimin River as an Example
Authors: Hu Chunming , Dong Xi
Published: December 2022

Continued construction of reservoirs around the world promotes socio-economic development and severely affects the ecological and hydrological processes of rivers and floodplain wetlands. In this study, the Yimin River in Inner Mongolia, China, was taken as the research area. The water inundation guarantee rate (WIGR) was used as the model basis to characterize the inundation probability of the floodplain area. The comparative study of the remote sensing data of the 38 periods before the construction of the reservoir, and the 14 periods after the construction of the reservoir, shows that: due to the impact of the reservoir construction, the submerged area of the water body (WIGR greater than zero) decreased from 49.03 km2 to 39.32 km2, a total reduction of 9.71 km2; the very low water inundation guarantee rate area (WIGR value of 0–20%) was the most affected, with a decrease of 12.14 km2, while the area of other areas with a WIGR value greater than 20% increased by 3.43 km2. In addition, the affected floodplain wetlands have significant spatial distribution characteristics: first, they are mainly distributed in the high-curvature river reach areas, and in this study 77.96% of the three high-curvature river reach areas accounted for 26.04% of the area, with area loss in very low WIGR areas; the second is that it is distributed far from the outside of the river channel, while the WIGR value in some areas near the river channel is increased. This study provides a technical reference for downstream wetland protection based on the WIGR model.
Removal Performances of Turbidity, Organics, and NH4+-N in a Modified Settling Tank with Rotating Biological Discs Used for Enhancing Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Wang Wendong , Li Chaokun , Dong Yingying , Chen Zhiwen , Yang Lan , Wei Yulu , Wu Kun , Zhang Hui , Tian Yinqiang
Published: December 2022

In this study, a modified horizontal settling tank with rotating biological discs was developed to treat slightly polluted surface water, and its performance on the simultaneous removal of turbidity, organics, and NH4+-N was investigated on a lab scale. Results show that the effluent quality of the modified settling tank is stable in more than two months of continuous operation. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.0 h, 73.65 ± 5.15% turbidity, 53.98 ± 5.17% TOC, and 77.01 ± 10.02%, NH4+-N could be removed by the modified settling tank with an average of 1.96 NTU turbidity, 1.98 mg/L TOC, and 0.46 mg/L NH4+-N residue in the effluent. Due to the improvement in DO supply, higher removal efficiencies of both organics and NH4+-N were achieved with increased disc rotating speed (r < 4 r/min). Further study showed that the genus Hyphomicrobium dominant on the posterior discs and the genus Nitrospira dominant on the anterior discs mainly contributed to the enhanced bio-oxidation of organics and NH4+-N, respectively.
BRICS in a changing world
Authors:   Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Foreign Ministry, Gerasimova Yu. I.
Published: December 2022

Current state of the international relations system is characterized by pronounced turbulence, which is aggravated by the widening ideological gap between West and East. «The War of Systems» is rapidly acquiring of the Cold War. The article deals with the BRICS group as a global governance institution, which could to respond to the mounting challenges of the new time. BRICS is the acronym desired to associate fi ve major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Additionally Argentina and Iran has formally applied for membership. The BRICS members are known for their significant influence on world affairs. In addition, the possibility of joining is officially considered by the representatives of Nigeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Turkey; it can significantly consolidate the joint eff orts of the BRICS to a form a new, more just, secure and stable world order. It is important to understand that the BRICS is not only the economy of the future, but also an extensive set of social projects that carry a healthy creative potential freed from colonial prejudices. More specifically, the BRICS media platform project would logically bring significant enhancements to confidence-building in the international sphere and serve the purpose of safeguarding the common information environment.
On the implementation of educational and career guidance projects of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia for students of educational organizations of general education
Authors:   FSBEI HE ", Popova N. N. ,   Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia",   , Moscow
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the practical experience of the Department for the Development of Innovative Youth programs and Career Guidance of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia on the implementation of educational and career guidance projects for students of educational organizations of general education. Special attention is paid to the successful implementation of decisions on education and career guidance for students in the framework of continuing education projects, to promote the development of diploma cadet classes in general education organizations of Moscow as an element of the profile training system in the context of integration of general and supplementary education through the introduction of innovative formats of thematic events into the educational process.
Tres rutas para entender la racialización como sufirimiento generalizado
Authors: González - Güeto Joy Helena
Published: December 2022

Los feminismos como cuerpos teóricos y movimientos sociopolíticos han abundado en la utilización y la elaboración de una idea más o menos explícita de “interseccionalidad”. Sin embargo, este concepto ha sido múltiples veces malinterpretado y utilizado como herramienta para sumar “puntos de opresión” y minimizar el lugar que ocupa la racialización en las desigualdades de género. Por eso, este texto revisa la ausencia o subordinación de la cuestión racial en los discursos y políticas de género en Latinoamérica y España. El análisis partirá de la comprensión de la racialización como experiencia de sufrimiento generizado para presentar tres de las posibles rutas analíticas desde las que se puede reubicar como eje indispensable en el planteamiento de políticas, programas y discursos que abordan la desigualdad de género.
La metodología Montessori en la Educación Inicial ecuatoriana
Authors: Velastegui Tayo Sandra Cristina
Published: December 2022

En Ecuador la educación inicial es relativamente nueva y desde el 2014 con la aprobación, publicación del Currículo de Educación Inicial organizado por ejes y ámbitos de desarrollo y aprendizaje busca el desarrollo de destrezas por edades con la aplicación de experiencias de aprendizaje y juego trabajo en donde el juego y el arte son parte fundamental del mismo. El presente artículo se fundamenta en la revisión de literatura sobre experiencias Montessori en niños de 3 a 5 años en Ecuador; para su desarrollo se revisaron 25 fuentes bibliográficas sobre la metodología montessoriana y propuestas prácticas aplicadas en la educación inicial en Ecuador, además se analizaron proyectos de grado y proyectos educativos institucionales bajo el enfoque de las bases teóricas, científicas y pedagógicas que sustentan la aplicabilidad de esta metodología. Se concluye que la metodología montessoriana permanece activa en la educación inicial ecuatoriana y ésta, forma parte del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de forma directa o indirecta, con la aplicación de materiales, organización del espacio físico, rol de los educadores y el desarrollo sensorial desde la experiencia.
variação fonológica e suas repercussões na escrita de estudantes das séries finais do ensino fundamental: pesquisas no âmbito do Profletras/UNEB/Campus V
Authors: Santos Gredson
Published: December 2022

Trata-se de estudo que, baseando-se nos conceitos de comunidade de fala e variação linguística (LABOV, 2008 [1972]), pretende discutir as repercussões da variação fonológica na escrita de estudantes das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. A discussão se desenvolve a partir da análise conjunta dos dados levantados por Cruz (2017), Silva (2017) e Ferreira (2020). O principal resultado indica que, a partir da escrita dos estudantes, é possível fazer um diagnóstico do perfil dialetal dos alunos, o que deverá orientar o ensino de língua portuguesa para uma pedagogia da variação linguística.
monotongação na escrita de estudantes de 4º e 5º anos do ensino fundamental
Authors: Da Silva André Pedro , Da Silva Souza Luis
Published: December 2022

Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos um estudo sobre o fenômeno fonológico da monotongação, no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Letras (PROFLETRAS) da Universidade de Pernambuco no ano de 2018. Buscamos, aqui, sobretudo, investigar como esse fenômeno ocorre na escrita de estudantes de 4o e 5o ano do ensino fundamental em escolas públicas localizadas em ambiente rural e em ambiente urbano. Pudemos evidenciar, através dos dados obtidos, dentre os contextos linguísticos e extralinguísticos observados, os que mais favorecem a aplicação da regra da monotongação, no grupo pesquisado. Como metodologia para obtenção dos dados, aplicamos duas vezes a proposta de ditado mudo e em seguida a proposta da produção de texto a partir do gênero fábula. O corpus foi composto, portanto, de cento e vinte atividades realizadas por quarenta alunos de ambos os sexos. Os resultados da observação demonstram que o processo de monotongação está condicionado, no grupo estudado, principalmente, a fatores linguísticos.
Interação entre processamento fonológico e princípios da escrita alfabética: um caso de inadequação ortográfica em contexto universitário e formas de abordar a fonologia em sala de aula
Authors: Oliveira Samuel , Gutierres Athany , Battisti Elisa , Perozzo Reiner
Published: December 2022

Este artigo investiga a motivação para inadequações ortográficas no registro escrito de dados de fala no contexto universitário, a partir da análise do par “inculcar x encucar”. Trata-se de um dado singular, conforme a metodologia adotada, o Paradigma Indiciário (GINZBURG, 1989). Nossa análise mostra que o mapeamento entre produção e percepção é afetado por processos fonológicos de aplicação variável e categórica no Português Brasileiro (PB), como também pelo mapeamento grafêmico a itens lexicais familiares ao ouvinte. Sugerimos atividades aos professores de Língua Portuguesa para explorar a relação entre ortografia e fonologia e, assim, oportunizar aos estudantes uma participação efetiva em práticas sociais variadas por meio da linguagem.
Fonologia, acentuação gráfica e ensino
Authors: Silva Thaïs Cristófaro Alves da , Almeida Leonardo da Silva , Marra Amarildo
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a relação entre Fonética, Fonologia e Acentuação gráfica no português brasileiro, com ênfase no ensino de ortografia. A análise apresentada neste artigo é pautada em dados do Projeto e-Labore que consiste em um corpus de produções textuais de crianças de 6 a 12 anos, da cidade de Belo Horizonte. Resultados indicaram que a acentuação gráfica representa o maior desafio na escrita infantil, sobretudo a omissão do acento gráfico. Exploramos esse resultado e apontamos alguns aspectos que possam contribuir para o ensino da acentuação gráfica no português brasileiro.
Processos fonológicos na escrita infantil: efeitos de estabilidade e instabilidade
Authors: Pigatto Bohn Graziela , Fragoso Silva Julio
Published: December 2022

Neste estudo analisamos a escrita inicial de crianças das três primeiras séries dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de duas escolas da cidade de Santos, SP. O objetivo do estudo é verificar de que forma dois processos fonológicos do português brasileiro se manifestam na escrita inicial: a harmonização vocálica (HV) e o sândi externo. Partimos dos resultados de Bohn e Souza (2017) para a harmonização vocálica e comparamos estes resultados com dados de sândi externo coletados para o presente estudo. O resultado da análise nos mostra que tais processos têm diferentes reflexos na escrita: a HV apresenta maior instabilidade e o sândi externo maior estabilidade, indício de que esses processos possam ter propriedades distintas na língua adulta.
Gêneros textuais, ensino e formação de professores de português língua não materna
Authors: Da Silva Nascimento João Paulo
Published: December 2022

O Celpe-Bras, exame de proficiência em língua portuguesa para estrangeiros, vem se constituindo como um instrumento importante dentro do cenário das políticas linguísticas para internacionalização da língua portuguesa e da cultura brasileira. Nos últimos anos, efeitos de sua força de impacto na área de Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM) e nos campos de estudos a respeito de avaliação e planejamento curricular no tocante ao ensino de línguas adicionais têm ensejado diversos debates e investigações na Linguística Aplicada. Compreender, portanto, questões que envolvem a constituição do exame, os aportes teóricos da área de estudos da linguagem para sua elaboração, bem como os processos que marcaram seu desenvolvimento mostra-se fundamental para se pensar as égides que norteiam o ensino-aprendizagem e a formação de professores de PLNM em uma abordagem sociodiscursiva (OLIVEIRA; WILSON, 2016). Em vista disso, neste artigo, a atenção é centrada na análise da recorrência de características textuais (e.g. tema, modalidade, gênero, fonte, fidedignidade) em elementos provocadores da parte oral do exame em 7 edições, partindo do pressuposto de que tal investigação seja suficientemente capaz de explicitar a concepção de língua que perpassa o Celpe-Bras, o que se considera primordial para avaliação de proficiência e que caminhos deve seguir o ensino de PLNM em uma abordagem discursivo-funcional.
“Eu me sinto útil e vejo utilidade do que estou fazendo ali pra eles”: As avaliações nas construções identitárias de um professor voluntário de português para refugiados
Authors: CAMILLO PEREIRA CARLOS GUSTAVO
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como um professor de português para refugiado (des)constrói suas identidades sociais e professionais, além de refletir a respeito de como esse professor avalia suas práticas de ensino. Para isso, esse trabalho se fundamenta em uma noção de identidade como um construto emergente, que se transforma durante o andamento da interação. Dessa maneira, não há postulação de uma identidade fixa e essencial, uma vez que pressupõe-se que ela está sempre se (des)construindo de acordo com as novas necessidades que surgem durante o fluxo discursivo. Objetivando de analisar os dados, serão utilizadas táticas de intersubjetividade e o sistema de avaliação proposto pela Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional. Por fim, os dados apontam para o entendimento de que o professor entrevistado altera suas identidades durante o desenrolar da interação com o objetivo de reclamar para si uma imagem de professor preocupado com o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de seus alunos refugiados.