bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pilgrim Tercentenary And Theological Progress
Authors: Buckham John Wright
Published: November 2011

The approaching tercentenary of the founding of Plymouth incites, not to say compels, a review of the remarkable developments and departures from the doctrines of the fathers that have taken place in these three hundred years and calls for a conscientious consideration of what these changes ought to lead to in theological and ecclesiastical readjustments. It is a task which overawes as well as invites and one in which there is need of wide coöperation.
The Unity Of The Aramaic Acts
Authors: Wilson William Jerome
Published: November 2011

The most interesting contribution to New Testament criticism in recent times has come from a scholar in another field. Professor Torrey, a student of Semitics and particularly of the Aramaic, the language of the common people in Palestine before and after the Christian era, has propounded a new theory regarding the Book of Acts. Chapters 1 1b —15 35 are thought by him to have comprised an Aramaic book written about 49 or 50 A.D., which Luke later procured in Palestine and translated as faithfully as he was able, at the same time adding the remaining chapters himself in Greek on the basis of his own knowledge and investigation. The two parts of the book are accordingly designated I and II Acts, respectively. The evidence for the hypothesis is primarily linguistic. A striking series of Aramaisms and of mistranslations which can be plausibly corrected on the basis of the Aramaic, is found in I Acts, while in II Acts the reflections of Aramaic idiom are rare and instances of mistranslation are wholly lacking. The literature of the subject is not yet large, but a careful résumé and discussion of the new theory has appeared from the pen of Professor Foakes-Jackson. Since he questions the validity of Professor Torrey's more important deductions—conclusions whose correctness had been accepted almost without qualification by the present writer—a further consideration of their claims to credence may be permissible.
Some Observations on the Aramaic Acts
Authors: Wilson William Jerome
Published: November 2011

Professor C. C. Torrey's recent monograph on The Composition and Date of Acts has placed in the hands of New Testament scholars a new and fascinating instrument for exegesis. By his demonstration of a document in Aramaic, underlying Acts 1 1b–15 35 and translated by Luke with painful fidelity into Greek, he has opened up a whole new field for the criticism of the book of Acts. Things which no sober critic would have dared to suggest on the basis of the Greek text alone become not only possible or plausible but even certain on the basis of the Aramaic. A few results of a reading of these chapters in the light of the new theory are here presented.
The Essence of Christianity and the Cross of Christ
Authors: Warfield Benjamin B.
Published: November 2011

In a recent number of The Harvard Theological Review, Professor Douglas Clyde Macintosh of the Yale Divinity School outlines in a very interesting manner the religious system to which he gives his adherence. For “substance of doctrine” (to use a form of speech formerly quite familiar at New Haven) this religious system does not differ markedly from what is usually taught in the circles of the so-called “Liberal Theology.” Professor Macintosh has, however, his own way of construing and phrasing the common “Liberal” teaching; and his own way of construing and phrasing it presents a number of features which invite comment. It is tempting to turn aside to enumerate some of these, and perhaps to offer some remarks upon them. As we must make a selection, however, it seems best to confine ourselves to what appears on the face of it to be the most remarkable thing in Professor Macintosh's representations. This is his disposition to retain for his religious system the historical name of Christianity, although it utterly repudiates the cross of Christ, and in fact feels itself (in case of need) quite able to get along without even the person of Christ. A “new Christianity,” he is willing, to be sure, to allow that it is—a “new Christianity for which the world is waiting”; and as such he is perhaps something more than willing to separate it from what he varyingly speaks of as “the older Christianity,” “actual Christianity,” “historic Christianity,” “actual, historical Christianity.” He strenuously claims for it, nevertheless, the right to call itself by the name of “Christianity.”
John Robinson and the Beginnings of the Pilgrim Movement
Authors: Powicke Frederick James
Published: November 2011

The scope of this article is strictly limited. It takes no account of the great issues, social, national, and international, which, in the course of time, flowed from the few simple folk “in the north parts” of England about Scrooby and Gainsborough who obeyed what they believed to be a divine impulse.

Others far more competent for the purpose have already dealt with, or will deal with, these. Nor does it do more than touch the details of the life into which the exiles passed at Amsterdam and Leyden. For on these, Dr. Dexter and his son — to mention but two of the workers in this fieldx — may almost be said to have spoken the last word. Nor does it follow the Pilgrims into the new world where they struck root with such heroic fortitude, except so far as is required to correct one or two somewhat inveterate mistakes. It is, in fact, limited to the man who, beyond any one else, was the chief spiritual influence in those earliest pioneers whose character and ideals imparted a permanent direction to the development of New England. At the same time, while relating the substance of what is known of Robinson, I have tried to state the truth with regard to the circumstances in which the Pilgrim movement took its start; and if, in so doing, it has seemed necessary to criticize adversely the conclusions of one writer in particular, my excuse must be that his narrative has been accepted, in some high quarters, as that of an authority on the subject whose word is final. It is not by any means final, as the sequel, I think, will show.
Christian Experience the Key to Christian History
Authors: Walker Henry H.
Published: November 2011

No field of theological study surpasses in interest or in importance the history of the Christian Church. Here is a great complex of institutions and beliefs. Where have these come from? What was it that gave them birth? What is the secret of their persistence and power? What are they worth to mankind? Is there to be found beneath the variant, shifting forms of institution and life, of organization and creed, as they appear in Christian history, any underlying, unifying principle, which can account for their rise and explain their right to be? These questions must be answered. They involve the fundamental problems of the unity of Christian history and of the rationality and worth of institutions and confessions and rituals, which, unless they can thus justify themselves, cannot permanently survive.

It is the purpose of this article to show that there is such a unifying principle of interpretation, and that this principle is to be found in the reality of the Christian experience itself. Behind every movement in the history of the church, behind every institution which she has developed for the expression and perpetuation of her life, behind every doctrine and creed, there stands a human soul which has met God, and in the great silence, unbroken save by the cry of penitence or the exultant note of spiritual conquest, has found the path to peace.
Luther and Others
Authors: Christie Francis A.
Published: November 2011

The recent books on the life of Luther by Dr. Preserved Smith and Dr. A. C. McGiffert may well rouse new consideration of Luther's religious experience. America was dominated by Calvinism, but there is small reward today in going back to Calvin, who applied the logic of a legal mind to a subject beyond the sphere of jurisprudence. Luther, on the other hand, was trying to utter the apprehensions of a great heart. Calvin's thought is dead. Luther's heart still throbs. We shall perhaps understand our own hearts more clearly if we apply religious psychology to his.
The Evil One: A Development
Authors: Le Bosquet John Edwards
Published: November 2011

It is proposed in this paper to consider, largely from the standpoint of the philosophy of religion, one religious idea: the idea of a power or powers of evil, or, to grasp the whole in one symbol, the idea of the Evil One. Such a discussion should have its interest. The idea of the Evil One, or the Devil as we commonly call him, is perfectly familiar to the average person. There is no need therefore of any elaborate definings. One has only to note that by the Evil One is meant that force or power which is constitutionally—on principle, one might say, if that phrase did not seem a bit out of place—the champion and fosterer of chaos and discord and calamity, of evil and harm and wickedness in general. Or, to put it negatively,—as we perhaps more often think of it,—the Devil is the leader of the opposition as regards the hopeful, the progressive, the divine, with all the meaning which may be packed into that last word.
A Rejoinder by Rabbi Klausner
Authors: Moore George F.
Published: November 2011

In the January number of the Harvard Theological Review for this year I published a review of the recent “Life of Jesus of Nazareth,” by Rabbi Joseph Klausner and of a criticism of the volume by Doctor Kaminka of Vienna.

In a letter from Doctor Klausner he replies to some points in my criticism and restates his own position. It is proper, therefore, that this part of his letter should be put before the readers of the Review and Professor Wolfson has been kind enough to translate it for that purpose.
A Decade of Luther Study
Authors: Smith Preserved
Published: November 2011

Since the last biographies of Luther in English appeared, nearly ten years ago, a vast amount of light has been shed on the subject by the discovery of new documents and by the intensive research of a great army of the learned. A special stimulus was supplied to their zeal by the celebration of the Reformation quadricentenary in 1917; and the fact that America was cut off from Germany for four years out of the last ten, and that the books of her production have only begun to reach us in large numbers, may add another reason, were it necessary, for offering an extensive review of the outstanding work in this field since the end of the year 1910. For the sake of convenience the more detailed studies will be taken up first, in the chronological order of events in Luther's life; the more general collections of works, bibliographies, biographies, and estimates, will follow after.
Literature on Church History, 1914–1920. I. Early Church History
Authors: Krüger Gustav
Published: November 2011

In the preparation of the following survey two methods were possible. I might select for fuller notice certain of the most important productions and by means of them illustrate the progress in this branch of historical science during the period of the war, or I might endeavor to give as complete an account of the literature as possible, including notices of less significant but nevertheless useful publications. I decided upon the second course, partly because the mass of production seemed to me too large and varied to be satisfactorily exhibited by the more or less arbitrary selection of a few works, partly because it often happens that a seemingly unimportant note may be of worth to some scholar who happens to be pursuing research in that particular field—something which in the many years during which I edited the Theologische Jahresbericht I have often found true in my own experience and that of others. Unfortunately the Jahresbericht, which seemed to us indispensable, as well as the Theologische Rundschau, edited by Bousset, whose untimely death we mourn, have both succumbed to the unfavorable conditions of the times. All the more necessary does it seem to create at least a partial substitute for them, and I embraced the opportunity offered me by the editors of this Review the more gladly because in my own country it will for the present be quite impossible to publish such a survey.
A Basic Principle for Theology
Authors: Drown Edward S.
Published: November 2011

There have been times in the history of architecture when style was inevitable. In the classic period of Greece or in the Gothic period of northern Europe no architect raised the question as to the style in which he should construct a building. That was decreed for him. And we shall perhaps not go astray if we suggest that the inevitableness of that decree was determined by two factors. One was the purpose to be served by the building, the other was the control over the materials. The one factor determined the contents, the other the form in which those contents were to be expressed. The contents depended on the social and spiritual ideals of the time. The form depended on the nature of the building material and on the mechanical ability to use it.
Jesus as Son of Man
Authors: Bacon Benjamin W.
Published: November 2011

In a discussion of the great christological passages of the Synoptic Gospels we have seen that the messianism of Jesus was pre-eminently ethical and religious. His attitude toward current expectations of Israel's redemption resembled that of the prophets in being critical rather than originative. He ethicized and spiritualized a hope which in its origins and in its undisciplined popular manifestations had little to differentiate it from the expectations entertained by heathen worshippers of their tribal or national divinities.
The Consciousness of Sin
Authors: Schaub Edward L.
Published: November 2011

In no other respect, perhaps, are the unity and kinship of the human race more apparent than in the development of the religious rites and beliefs of the various peoples. Even in the case of their myths, where interpretation is so difficult, where there appears to be so much chaos and so little law, and where we seem at times to have merely the product of imaginative spontaneity and of the play of fancy, there is nevertheless striking similarity. Just because of the contrasts and differences that often impress one at a surface reading, the identity of the spiritual life that shimmers through these diverse manifestations becomes the more significant. As a result, added significance is reflected back to the differences themselves. Not only are these seen from the point of view of their connection with those characteristics and temperamental peculiarities which have influenced particular interpretations of life and of the world, but this knowledge in turn sheds light on the principles that are universally operative in the minds and lives of all peoples. We are thus enabled to gain a clue for the interpretation of facts which, considered by themselves, might have remained quite unintelligible.
Christless Christianity
Authors: Warfield Benjamin B.
Published: November 2011

The Christ Myth by Arthur Drews was published early in 1909, and before the year was out its author was being requisitioned by dissidents from Christianity of the most incongruous types as a promising instrument for the general anti-christian propaganda. Few more remarkable spectacles have ever been witnessed than the exploitation throughout Germany in the opening months of 1910 of this hyper-idealistic metaphysician, disciple of von Hartmann and convinced adherent of the “Philosophy of the Unconscious,” by an Alliance the declared basis of whose organization is a determinate materialism. As, under the auspices of the Monistenbund, he made his progress from city to city, lecturing and debating, he drew a tidal-wave of sensation along with him. A violent literary war was inaugurated. It seemed as if all theological Germany were aroused.
The Reinstatement of Teleology
Authors: Boodin John E.
Published: November 2011

The question about the whence and whither of the drift of our cosmic weather is an old one and cannot be lightly brushed aside. It is both a forced and a momentous issue. It is a forced issue, because we cannot help taking an attitude towards it, whether we make it explicit to ourselves or not. It is momentous, because such an attitude is a serious index of our deepest practical faith as regards the value of life, and cannot help determining our conduct. There have been three distinct types of theory in the past as regards this drift—Mechanism, Finalism, and Vitalism.
Biofilm accumulation on endotracheal tubes following prolonged intubation
Authors: Lee J M , Hashmi N , Bloom J D , Tamashiro E , Doghramji L , Sarani B , Palmer J N , Cohen N A , Mirza N
Published: November 2011

Objective:

To demonstrate that patients who have been intubated for prolonged periods of time will have an increased likelihood of developing bacterial biofilm on their endotracheal tubes.

Methods:

We collected endotracheal tubes from patients at the time of extubation, and analysed representative sections with scanning electron microscopy for morphologic evidence of biofilms.

Results:

From September 2007 to September 2008, 32 endotracheal tubes were analysed with electron microscopy. Patients who had been intubated for 6 days or longer had a significantly higher percentage of endotracheal tubes that exhibited bacterial biofilms, compared with patients intubated for less than 6 days (88.9 versus 57.1 per cent,p = 0.0439).

Conclusions:

Longer duration of intubation is associated with a higher incidence of bacterial biofilm. Further research is needed to link the presence of bacterial biofilms to acquired laryngotracheal damage.
Nutritional influences on epigenetics and age-related disease
Authors: Park Lara K. , Friso Simonetta , Choi Sang-Woon
Published: November 2011

Nutritional epigenetics has emerged as a novel mechanism underlying gene–diet interactions, further elucidating the modulatory role of nutrition in aging and age-related disease development. Epigenetics is defined as a heritable modification to the DNA that regulates chromosome architecture and modulates gene expression without changes in the underlying bp sequence, ultimately determining phenotype from genotype. DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications are classical levels of epigenetic regulation. Epigenetic phenomena are critical from embryonic development through the aging process, with aberrations in epigenetic patterns emerging as aetiological mechanisms in many age-related diseases such as cancer, CVD and neurodegenerative disorders. Nutrients can act as the source of epigenetic modifications and can regulate the placement of these modifications. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, namely folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, riboflavin, methionine, choline and betaine, are involved in DNA methylation by regulating levels of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Other nutrients and bioactive food components such as retinoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and tea polyphenols can modulate epigenetic patterns by altering the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine or directing the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation and histone modifications. Aging and age-related diseases are associated with profound changes in epigenetic patterns, though it is not yet known whether these changes are programmatic or stochastic in nature. Future work in this field seeks to characterise the epigenetic pattern of healthy aging to ultimately identify nutritional measures to achieve this pattern.
THE REFORMATION OF THE GENERATIONS: YOUTH, AGE AND RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN ENGLAND,c. 1500–1700
Authors: Walsham Alexandra
Published: November 2011

This exploratory essay adopts the life-cycle as a tool with which to investigate religious change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It examines how inherited tropes about youth and age were deployed and the ways in which the notion of generational strife was invoked at various stages of England's long Reformation. These provide insight into how contemporaries understood and experienced the theological and cultural upheavals of the era and the process by which Protestantism ‘aged’ as it progressed beyond its unruly protest phase and became institutionalised as the official faith.
Geodesics in Margulis spacetimes
Authors: GOLDMAN WILLIAM M. , LABOURIE FRANÇOIS
Published: November 2011

Let M3 be a Margulis spacetime whose associated complete hyperbolic surface Σ2 has a compact convex core. Generalizing the correspondence between closed geodesics on M3 and closed geodesics on Σ2, we establish an orbit equivalence between recurrent spacelike geodesics on M3 and recurrent geodesics on Σ2. In contrast, no timelike geodesic recurs in either forward or backward time.
Of Crossroads and Undercurrents: Ingemar Lindh's Practice of Collective Improvisation and Jerzy Grotowski
Authors: Camilleri Frank
Published: November 2011

In this article Frank Camilleri discusses the historical and professional links between Ingemar Lindh and Jerzy Grotowski, with a specific focus on the nature and implications of their separate work on physical action. Lindh's practice, particularly his research on the ‘disinterested act’, is read in the context of Grotowski's ‘doing’ in Art as Vehicle. The individual work of the two practitioners on vocal and vibration techniques is seen as integral to their research on physical action. Frank Camilleri is Senior Lecturer in Drama and Theatre Studies at the University of Kent and Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project (Malta). He served as Academic Coordinator of Theatre Studies at the University of Malta from 2004 to 2008, and in 2007 co-founded Icarus Publishing Enterprise with Odin Teatret and the Grotowski Institute.
Salmonellosis and charter tourism: epidemiology and trends of imported human cases to Norway from the Canary Islands and Thailand, 1994–2008
Authors: EMBERLAND K. E. , NYGÅRD K. , AAVITSLAND P.
Published: November 2011

More than 70% of reported human Salmonella infections in Norway are infected abroad. The Canary Islands and Thailand are two of the most popular charter tourist destinations for Norwegians. Using surveillance data for the years 1994–2008, and denominator data on travel to the Canary Islands 2000–2008 and to Thailand 1997–2008, we present the epidemiology and trends of Salmonella infections in Norwegian tourists to these destinations. We found a declining trend in risk of salmonellosis in tourists returning from the Canary Islands, and a change in serovar distribution in travellers to Thailand with more S. Enteritidis infections, similar to that observed in Western European countries. The use of denominator data is important when studying risk of travel-related disease, as surveillance data tend to reflect travel activity more than the risk. Infections among tourists do not always affect the local residents and therefore may not be detected by local public health authorities. Sharing knowledge on the epidemiology of infections in tourists could be useful for observation of changes in trends in the countries visited, and in future outbreak investigations.
The spatial and temporal determinants of campylobacteriosis notifications in New Zealand, 2001–2007
Authors: SPENCER S. E. F. , MARSHALL J. , PIRIE R. , CAMPBELL D. , BAKER M. G. , FRENCH N. P.
Published: November 2011

Despite recent improvements, New Zealand still has one of the highest per-capita incidence rates of campylobacteriosis in the world. To reduce the incidence, a thorough understanding of the epidemiology of infection is needed. This retrospective analysis of 36 000 notified human cases during a high-risk period between 2001 and 2007 explored the spatial and temporal determinants of Campylobacter notifications at a fine spatial scale in order to improve understanding of the complex epidemiology. Social deprivation was associated with a decreased risk of notification, whereas urban residence was associated with an increased risk. However, for young children rural residence was a risk factor. High dairy cattle density was associated with an increased risk of notification in two of the three regions investigated. Campylobacter notification patterns exhibit large temporal variations; however, few factors were associated with periods of increased risk, in particular temperature did not appear to drive the seasonality in campylobacteriosis.
Diagnostic challenges of Marfan syndrome in an XYY young man
Authors: Lebreiro Ana , Martins Elisabete , Machado José Carlos , Abreu-Lima Cassiano
Published: November 2011

Tall stature is a common feature of both Marfan syndrome and XYY syndrome. Differential diagnosis between these entities has important prognostic implications. We report the case of a 21-year-old young man with a previously known diagnosis of XYY syndrome, in whom the identification of a fibrilin-1 mutation was determinant to establish an appropriate diagnosis, medical follow-up, and genetic counselling.
GROWTH AND IRREVERSIBLE POLLUTION: ARE EMISSION PERMITS A MEANS OF AVOIDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND POVERTY TRAPS?
Authors: Prieur Fabien , Jean-Marie Alain , Tidball Mabel
Published: November 2011

We consider an OLG model with emissions arising from production and potentially irreversible pollution. Pollution control consists of the assignment of permits to firms; private agents also can abate pollution. In this setting, we prove that multiple equilibria exist. Due to the possible irreversibility of pollution, the economy can be dragged into both environmental and poverty traps. First, we show that choosing an emission quota at the lowest level beyond a critical threshold is a means to avoid these two types of traps. We also prove that when the agents do not engage in maintenance, a reduction of the quota leads to a reduction in pollution but also to slower capital accumulation. In contrast, when agents do engage in maintenance, a reduction of the quota provides a double dividend.
Exploring implementation of the 2010 Institute of Medicine's Child and Adult Food Care Program recommendations for after-school snacks
Authors: Nanney Marilyn S , Glatt Carissa
Published: November 2011

Objective

The aim of the present study was to explore the implementation of nutrition recommendations made in the 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report,Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All, in school-based after-school snack programmes.

Design

A descriptive study.

Setting

One large suburban school district in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Subjects

None.

Results

Major challenges to implementation included limited access to product labelling and specifications inconsistent with the IOM's Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) recommendations, limited access to healthier foods due to current school district buying consortium agreement, and increased costs of wholegrain and lower-sodium foods and pre-packaged fruits and vegetables.

Conclusions

Opportunities for government and industry policy development and partnerships to support schools in their efforts to promote healthy after-school food environments remain. Several federal, state and industry leadership opportunities are proposed: provide product labelling that makes identifying snacks which comply with the 2010 IOM CACFP recommended standards easy; encourage compliance with recommendations by providing incentives to programmes; prioritize the implementation of paperwork and technology that simplifies enrolment and accountability systems; and provide support for food safety training and/or certification for non-food service personnel.
Matrix Effects in the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of CaO-Al2O3-MgO Inclusions in Steel
Authors: Pistorius Petrus Christiaan , Verma Neerav
Published: November 2011

Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of micron-sized inclusions in steel is of considerable industrial importance. Measured spectra and Monte Carlo simulations show a significant effect of the steel matrix on analysis of CaO-Al2O3-MgO inclusions: the steel matrix filters the softer (Al and Mg) characteristic X-rays, increasing the relative height of the Ca peak. Bulk matrix correction methods would not result in correct inclusion compositions, but operating at a lower acceleration voltage shifts the effect to smaller inclusion sizes.
ON THE UNIFORM PERFECTNESS OF THE BOUNDARY OF MULTIPLY CONNECTED WANDERING DOMAINS
Authors: BERGWEILER WALTER , ZHENG JIAN-HUA
Published: November 2011

We investigate when the boundary of a multiply connected wandering domain of an entire function is uniformly perfect. We give a general criterion implying that it is not uniformly perfect. This criterion applies in particular to examples of multiply connected wandering domains given by Baker. We also provide examples of infinitely connected wandering domains whose boundary is uniformly perfect.
FURTHER RESULTS ON THE INTRANSITIVITY OF EVIDENTIAL SUPPORT
Authors: DOUVEN IGOR
Published: November 2011

It is known that evidential support, on the Bayesian definition of this notion, is intransitive. According to some, however, the Bayesian definition is too weak to be materially adequate. This paper investigates whether evidential support is transitive on some plausible probabilistic strengthening of that definition. It is shown that the answer is negative. In fact, it will appear that even under conditions under which the Bayesian notion of evidential supportistransitive, the most plausible candidate strengthenings are not.
Editorial
Authors: Artelt Cordula , Schneider Wolfgang
Published: November 2011

Zusammenfassung. In Zeiten groß angelegter Vergleichsuntersuchungen, Bildungsstandards und dem nationalen Bildungspanel sind die Ansprüche an die adäquate Messung von bildungsbezogenen Kompetenzen und ihren Veränderungen gestiegen. Auch die entwicklungspsychologische und pädagogisch-psychologische Forschung beschäftigt sich in den letzten Jahren vermehrt mit der Beschreibung der Entwicklung von Kompetenzen über größere Zeitintervalle und der Analyse der Veränderung (bzw. Veränderbarkeit) in Abhängigkeit von spezifischen Förderbedingungen. In den letzten Jahren sind daher intensive Diskussionen zur Frage der Definition von Kompetenzen, ihrer Messbarkeit und Modellierung sowie zu Möglichkeiten der theoretisch fundierten Beschreibung von Kompetenzen geführt worden. Das Editorial gibt einen Einblick in die Diskussion zum Kompetenzbegriff, zu Kompetenzmodellen und zu Herausforderungen der Modellierung von Kompetenzentwicklung. Die Beiträge des Themenhefts, die den aktuellen Kenntnisstand anhand exemplarischer Arbeiten illustrieren, werden anschließend vor diesem Hintergrund dargestellt und diskutiert.
AMIGO is an auxiliary subunit of the Kv2.1 potassium channel
Authors: Peltola Marjaana A , Kuja‐Panula Juha , Lauri Sari E , Taira Tomi , Rauvala Heikki
Published: November 2011

Kv2.1 is a potassium channel α‐subunit abundantly expressed throughout the brain. It is a main component of delayed rectifier current (IK) in several neuronal types and a regulator of excitability during high‐frequency firing. Here we identify AMIGO (amphoterin‐induced gene and ORF), a neuronal adhesion protein with leucine‐rich repeat and immunoglobin domains, as an integral part of the Kv2.1 channel complex. AMIGO shows extensive spatial and temporal colocalization and association with Kv2.1 in the mouse brain. The colocalization of AMIGO and Kv2.1 is retained even during stimulus‐induced changes in Kv2.1 localization. AMIGO increases Kv2.1 conductance in a voltage‐dependent manner in HEK cells. Accordingly, inhibition of endogenous AMIGO suppresses neuronal IK at negative membrane voltages. In conclusion, our data indicate AMIGO as a function‐modulating auxiliary subunit for Kv2.1 and thus provide new insights into regulation of neuronal excitability.
A model for mitotic inheritance of histone lysine methylation
Authors: Xu Mo , Wang Weixiang , Chen She , Zhu Bing
Published: November 2011

Histone lysine methylation has been implicated in epigenetic regulation of transcription. Using stable‐isotope labelling and quantitative mass spectrometry, we analysed the dynamics of histone lysine methylation. Here we report that histone methylation levels are transiently reduced during S phase and are gradually re‐established during subsequent cell cycle stages. However, despite the recovery of overall methylation levels before the next S phase, the methylation levels of parental and newly incorporated histones differ significantly. In addition, histone methylation levels are maintained at steady states by both restriction of methyltransferase activity and the active turnover of methyl groups in cells undergoing an extended G1/S phase arrest. Finally, we propose a ‘buffer model’ that unifies the imprecise inheritance of histone methylation and the faithful maintenance of underlying gene silencing.
Computer aided drug design studies to explore novel antagonist of human myotrophin
Authors: Swargam Sandeep , Mahesh K , Umamaheswari Amineni
Published: November 2011

Human myotrophin is the smallest ankyrin repeat protein implicated as a factor to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Activation of myotrophin was observed during acute myocardial infarction (MI). In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, myotrophin acts as a self-governing predictor of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Therefore, human myotrophin serves as an effective drug target for discovery of new potential drugs. Recent human myotropin inhibitors have poor pharmalogical properties leading to intolerable side effects. Hence, ligand based virtual screening protocol of CADD method was persuaded in the present study to propose new class potential myotrophin inhibitors. Docking was done by using Schrödinger software suite 2010 (maestro v9.1), docked complexes were validated and enumerated to find out the best lead, top twenty docked complexes were selected, analyzed through LIGPLOT for their binding orientations. Finally ten top ranked leads were reported based on the XPGscore, better binding affinity and good pharmacological properties compared to existing inhibitors. Lead ‘1’ (Mitoxantrone) showed lowest XPGscore (-8.4k cal/mol) and good van der Waal interaction, hydrophobic interactions with the residues Lys-24, Glu-26, Tyr-21, Arg-30, Cys-2, Asp-3, Lys-4, Phe-6, Glu-5, Ala-9, Glu-70 and Gly-140 responsible for the preference of inhibition. Three hydrogen bonds were observed with myotrophin- lead1 docking complex with residues Asp-3, Cys-2 and Gly-5. Thus, lead1 would be the preferred compound to proceed with in vitro and in vivo verification. Our results illustrate a well-designed virtual screening campaign successfully identifying novel lead compounds as potential entry points for the development of drugs for cardiovascular disease treatment.
Graphene magnet realized by hydrogenated graphene nanopore arrays
Authors: Tada K. , Haruyama J. , Yang H. X. , Chshiev M. , Matsui T. , Fukuyama H.
Published: November 2011

The so-called zigzag edge of graphenes theoretically has localized electrons due to the presence of flat energy bands near the Fermi level. The localized electron spins are strongly polarized, resulting in ferromagnetism. We fabricate graphenes with honeycomb-like arrays of hydrogen-terminated and low-defect hexagonal nanopores by a nonlithographic method using nanoporous alumina templates. We report large-magnitude room-temperature ferromagnetism caused by electron spins localizing at the zigzag nanopore edges. This promises to be a realization of rare-element free, controllable, transparent, flexible, and mono-atomic layer magnets and novel spintronic devices.

At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 1 March 2012.
Theoretical investigation on polar dielectric with large electrocaloric effect as cooling devices
Authors: Liu Liwu , Liu Yanju , Li Bo , Leng Jinsong
Published: November 2011

Polar dielectric based cooling devices are modeled as a system with two degrees of freedom and represented by either an entropy-temperature or electric displacement-electric field plane. A typical thermodynamic energy cyclic path is proposed for polar dielectric as cooling devices to experience. With the influence of temperature taken into consideration, the free energy of a thermal electrical coupling system of polar dielectrics is formulated, and the variation of temperature and entropy, the absorption of heat, and the work under different electric fields are calculated for BaTiO3, Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3, P(VDF-TrFE), and water. And the simulation results obtained agree well with the recently published experimental data [B. Neese, et al., Science 321, 821 (2008)]. It is, therefore, suggested that the high polar liquid dielectrics may possess a large electrocaloric effect.
Efficient computation of adiabatic populations in multi-mode Jahn-Teller systems through the use of effective vibrational modes
Authors: Nikoobakht Behnam , Köppel Horst , Gindensperger Etienne , Cederbaum Lorenz S.
Published: November 2011

A highly efficient scheme for computing adiabatic electronic populations in multi-mode Jahn-Teller systems is presented. It relies on the transformation to an effective-mode vibrational basis in which the relevant quantities depend on the coordinates of a single mode only. In this way, the generally tedious numerical evaluation of high-dimensional integrals is avoided and replaced by one-dimensional integrations. The effective-mode scheme is applied to a variety of two-mode and three-mode Jahn-Teller systems and gives a typical speedup of about two to three orders of magnitude as compared to the direct evaluation of the adiabatic populations. The gain grows rapidly with the numbers of modes.
Electron scattering by structural defects in InSb quantum wells: Analysis with simplified Mayadas-Shatzkes equation
Authors: Mishima T. D. , Edirisooriya M. , Santos M. B.
Published: November 2011

The scattering of transport electrons in InSb quantum wells (QWs) caused by two types of structural defects, micro-twins (MTs) and threading dislocations (TDs), has been investigated at room temperature. The electron scattering due to a MT is explained by its energy barrier with a height of ∼0.087 eV or its reflection with a coefficient of ∼0.33. The electric charge of a TD is 1.7 × 10−10 C/m along the [001] direction which is perpendicular to the InSb QWs examined in this study, under the assumption that the electron scattering due to a TD is fully attributed to its electric field. The electron scattering efficiency of one TD line in InSb QWs is equivalent to that of MT plates with a total length of 75 nm. In the course of this study, a mathematical simplification was made for Mayadas-Shatzkes equation which is one of the most frequently used equations to analyze carrier scattering due to a planar defect.
Realization of negative refractive index with double-layered H-shaped resonator array
Authors: Xiong Xiang , Wang Zhao-Wu , Fu Shao-Jie , Wang Mu , Peng Ru-Wen , Hao Xi-Ping , Sun Cheng
Published: November 2011

With an assembly of double-layered H-shaped metallic resonators, we simultaneously realized both magnetic and electric resonances at the same frequency band. Negative refractive index (NRI) is consequently achieved. The frequency band with NRI can be tuned by the structural parameters of the H-shaped resonators. This design demonstrates a unique example to construct metamaterial with NRI feature.
Mid-infrared artificial magnetism directly from magnetic field coupling
Authors: Huang Tsung-Yu , Chen Chia-Yun , Yen Ta-Jen
Published: November 2011

Here we develop submicron L-shaped magnetic resonators with four-fold rotational symmetry to ease the burden of the orientation issue, and demonstrate a compelling artificial magnetic response up to 44.7 THz (wavelength 6.7 μm) along with the properties of scalability and broad bandwidth directly from magnetic field coupling. In addition, the stored electromagnetic energy is highly localized inside the resonators, resulting in a significant nonlinear enhancement to promise micro-quantitative analysis. We suggest that the artificial magnetism demonstrated at mid-infrared ranges will radically impact the field of infrared optics, biological and security imaging, and chemical sensing.
A theory of single-electron non-adiabatic tunneling through a small metal nanoparticle with due account of the strong interaction of valence electrons with phonons of the condensed matter environment
Authors: Medvedev Igor G.
Published: November 2011

A theory of electrochemical behavior of small metal nanoparticles (NPs) which is governed both by the charging effect and the effect of the solvent reorganization on the dynamic of the electron transfer (ET) is considered under ambient conditions. The exact expression for the rate constant of ET from an electrode to NP which is valid for all values of the reorganization free energy Er, bias voltage, and overpotential is obtained in the non-adiabatic limit. The tunnel current/overpotential relations are studied and calculated for different values of the bias voltage and Er. The effect of Er on the full width at half maximum of the charging peaks is investigated at different values of the bias voltage. The differential conductance/bias voltage and the tunnel current/bias voltage dependencies are also studied and calculated. It is shown that, at room temperature, the pronounced Coulomb blockade oscillations in the differential conductance/bias voltage curves and the noticeable Coulomb staircase in the tunnel current/bias voltage relations are observed only at rather small values of Er in the case of the strongly asymmetric tunneling contacts.
Dependence of Mg acceptor levels in InN on doping density and temperature
Authors: Fujiwara Masayuki , Ishitani Yoshihiro , Wang Xinqiang , Kusakabe Kazuhide , Yoshikawa Akihiko
Published: November 2011

Infrared (IR) reflectance and transmission spectra of Mg doped InN films are analyzed using a dielectric function consisting of the terms of phonon, plasmon, and electronic transition between the valence band and the acceptor levels. The reflectance spectra at lower temperatures than 200 K are highly affected by the electronic transition. Acceptor activation energy Ea decreases with the increase in ionized acceptors because of the Coulomb potential overlap of acceptors charged by the background electrons and/or hole generation by the temperature increase. It is found that Ea is 69(±5) meV at low Mg− density limit and decreases to 50 meV at 5 K because of the charging by the background electrons of the density of 1 × 1018 cm−3. Temperature increase causes the further decrease in Ea, which causes the high hole density of the order of 1018 cm−3 at room temperature in spite of the high degeneracy of the acceptor states. The heavy hole mass is obtained as 0.59(±0.06)m0.
The condensation and ordering of models of empty liquids
Authors: Almarza N. G. , Tavares J. M. , Simões M. , Telo da Gama M. M.
Published: November 2011

We consider a simple model consisting of particles with four bonding sites (“patches”), two of type A and two of type B, on the square lattice, and investigate its global phase behavior by simulations and theory. We set the interaction between B patches to zero and calculate the phase diagram as the ratio between the AB and the AA interactions, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\epsilon _{AB}^*$\end{document}εAB*, varies. In line with previous work, on three-dimensional off-lattice models, we show that the liquid-vapor phase diagram exhibits a re-entrant or “pinched” shape for the same range of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\epsilon _{AB}^*$\end{document}εAB*, suggesting that the ratio of the energy scales – and the corresponding empty fluid regime – is independent of the dimensionality of the system and of the lattice structure. In addition, the model exhibits an order-disorder transition that is ferromagnetic in the re-entrant regime. The use of low-dimensional lattice models allows the simulation of sufficiently large systems to establish the nature of the liquid-vapor critical points and to describe the structure of the liquid phase in the empty fluid regime, where the size of the “voids” increases as the temperature decreases. We have found that the liquid-vapor critical point is in the 2D Ising universality class, with a scaling region that decreases rapidly as the temperature decreases. The results of simulations and theoretical analysis suggest that the line of order-disorder transitions intersects the condensation line at a multi-critical point at zero temperature and density, for patchy particle models with a re-entrant, empty fluid, regime.
Strong exciton-photon coupling in a monolithic ZnO/(Zn,Mg)O multiple quantum well microcavity
Authors: Halm S. , Kalusniak S. , Sadofev S. , Wünsche H.-J. , Henneberger F.
Published: November 2011

We report on strong exciton-photon coupling in an epitaxially grown (Zn,Mg)O-based λ-microcavity (MC) containing four 3.5 nm wide ZnO quantum wells (QWs) as active layers. At 5 K, the observed Rabi splitting in absorption is 26 meV, while the inhomogeneous linewidth of A and B excitons in similar QWs without a MC is about 10 meV. The strong coupling regime (SCR) is lost between 150 K and 200 K due to additional homogeneous broadening. From transfer matrix calculations, we deduce that increasing the number of QWs per cavity length can extend the SCR up to room temperature.
Fe/BaTiO3 interface: Band alignment and chemical properties
Authors: Zenkevich A. , Mantovan R. , Fanciulli M. , Minnekaev M. , Matveyev Yu. , Lebedinskii Yu. , Thiess S. , Drube W.
Published: November 2011

Ultrathin BaTiO3/Fe bi-layers were synthesized on MgO(001) and SrTiO3(001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition in a single vacuum cycle. The full electronic band structure at the Fe/BaTiO3 interface has been determined by hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements. Depending on the growth conditions, the valence and conduction band offsets are found 3.05–3.26 eV and 0.9–1.2 eV, respectively. Interface sensitive conversion electron Mößbauer spectroscopy demonstrates the absence of any magnetically dead layer thus proving that the determined band alignment is related to a sharp Fe/BaTiO3 interface structure down to the atomic scale.
Anisotropic transport behavior of orbital-ordered Nd0.48Sr0.52MnO3 films
Authors: Liang S. , Sun J. R. , Chen Y. Z. , Shen B. G.
Published: November 2011

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and Hall effect have been studied for the (110)-oriented Nd0.48Sr0.52MnO3 film. The most remarkable results are the significant enhancement of the AMR accompanying the orbital ordering and the appearance of four-fold symmetry of the AMR along the [1-10] direction. Analysis of the Hall data indicates the absence of any visible increase in spin-orbit coupling corresponding to the AMR growth. This suggests a different mechanism for the AMR of Nd0.48Sr0.52MnO3 from that of the conventional ferromagnetic metals/alloys.
Toward the creation of terahertz graphene injection laser
Authors: Ryzhii V. , Ryzhii M. , Mitin V. , Otsuji T.
Published: November 2011

We study the effect of population inversion associated with the electron and hole injection in graphene p-i-n structures at the room and slightly lower temperatures. It is assumed that the recombination and energy relaxation of electrons and holes are associated primarily with the interband and intraband processes assisted by optical phonons. The dependences of the electron-hole and optical phonon effective temperatures on the applied voltage, the current-voltage characteristics, and the frequency-dependent dynamic conductivity are calculated. In particular, we demonstrate that at low and moderate voltages, the injection can lead to a pronounced cooling of the electron-hole plasma in the device i-section to the temperatures below the lattice temperature. However at higher voltages, the voltage dependences can be ambiguous exhibiting the S-shape. It is shown that the frequency-dependent dynamic conductivity can be negative in the terahertz (THz) range of frequencies at certain values of the applied voltage. The electron-hole plasma cooling substantially reinforces the effect of negative dynamic conductivity and promotes the realization of terahertz lasing. On the other hand, the heating of optical phonon system can also be crucial affecting the realization of negative dynamic conductivity and terahertz lasing at the room temperatures.