bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honor Endorsement and Increased Firearm Purchasing Behavior and Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bock Jarrod E. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Tucker Raymond P. , Foster Stephen D. , Bandel Shelby L. , Gunn John F. , Anestis Michael D.
Published: May 2024

The surge in firearm sales from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic have been linked to increases in firearm violence, which is of public concern given that having firearms in one’s home is associated with increased risk for domestic violence and suicide. Consistent with pre-pandemic trends, individuals tended to purchase firearms for self-protection during COVID-19. Prior work indicates that protective firearm ownership is motivated not only by perceptions that the world (and one’s local environment) is dangerous, but also by one’s endorsement of masculinity norms found in U.S. cultures of honor (primarily southern and western states). Honor-based masculinity norms emphasis reputation defense, toughness, and an absolute intolerance of disrespect. The present research examined the relative motivating influences of various threat perceptions and masculine honor endorsement in predicting reasons for non-COVID-19 firearm ownership, firearm purchasing during COVID-19, and purchase intentions. Three separate samples (total N = 2483) of mostly White U.S. men completed online surveys during different months of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed measures of their endorsement of masculine honor norms, factors associated with firearm purchasing (e.g., dangerous world beliefs, intolerance of uncertainty), and firearm purchasing behaviors. Results indicated that masculine honor endorsement was higher among (1) protective firearm owners compared to non-owners and non-protective owners, (2) firearm owners who purchased a firearm during COVID-19 compared to non-owners and non-purchasing owners, and (3) firearm owners with intentions to purchase firearms in the next year compared to those without intentions and undecided owners. Relative to other predictors (e.g., COVID-19 concerns, dangerous world beliefs), masculine honor endorsement was consistently the strongest predictor of these outcomes. Findings add to the literature by highlighting the strength of masculine honor endorsement in motivating (protective) firearm ownership. Implications for interpersonal violence and suicide are discussed.
Using the Socio-Ecological Model to Understand Increased Risk of Gun Violence in the African American Community
Authors: Gillum Tameka L. , Hampton Clarice J. , Coppedge Chanté
Published: May 2024

Gun violence is a major public health issue of growing concern in the United States (U.S.) with 48,830 lives lost to gun related violence in 2021, documenting the highest number of gun related homicides and suicides ever recorded. The African American community is disproportionately impacted by gun violence and members of this community are almost 14x more likely to die by gun homicide than their white counterparts. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified a socio-ecological framework as a lens through which to better understand violence and inform potential prevention strategies to address it. This model identifies four levels (individual, relationship, community, societal) which help to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between individuals and their environments. Here, we use this model to understand why the African American community experiences elevated risk of gun violence in the U.S. and propose strategies for prevention. Understanding the issue of gun violence beyond individual level risk, this analysis highlights the interplay between multiple levels including the ways in which societal level factors influence violence. While this paper provides a lens through which to understand the multi-leveled factors that contribute to gun violence in the African American community, it also serves as a call to action for policymakers, scholars, and agencies to develop culturally informed policy and programming efforts specific to those who are most impacted.
Question-Order Effect in the Study of Satisfaction with Democracy: Lessons from Three Split-Ballot Experiments
Authors: Papp Zsófia , Susánszky Pál , Szabó Andrea
Published: May 2024

This study examines question-order effects in measuring satisfaction with democracy (SWD). Particularly, the authors are interested in whether the relative position of the question regarding satisfaction with the state of the economy (SWE) in the questionnaire affects responses to the SWD item. The authors conducted three independent split-ballot experiments in Hungary between March 2021 and May 2022. They report a significant and substantial negative priming effect that possibly leads to a systematic underestimation of SWD. Importantly, the authors find no question-order effect in the measurement of SWE. The analysis further reveals a contrast effect: when the SWD question is primed, the difference between SWE and SWD means increases. The authors’ final recommendation is that researchers either put the SWD question before the SWE item to avoid question-order bias or randomize question order. These findings should assist future data collection efforts (comparative or single-country studies) in developing and integrating a battery of satisfaction items into questionnaires and help users assess data quality.
The Conception of the Urban, 1800-1875
Authors: Everett Parker Daly
Published: May 2024

Many writers in northwestern Europe circa 1800 to 1875 attempted to grasp the dual dynamic of industrialization and urbanization. They contributed to a genre that we would now recognize as urban sociology. They attempted to grasp new social phenomena and to develop categories adequate for them. The writers who contributed to this body of literature mediated their experience through psychological, social, and cultural understandings, but they nonetheless partially grasped their world. In so doing, they developed historically specific categories. Their writing simultaneously recognized and misrecognized their world; it both affirmed the new dynamics of capitalism and urbanization and criticized them, pointing to a different and better world beyond them. This analysis will draw out of this body of literature avant lettre foundational ideas of sociology and social theory including ones more fully developed later by Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Ferdinand Tӧnnies, and Georg Simmel.
Differences and relationship between velocity attained at VO2max and time trial performances in Para athletes with vision impairment and their guides
Authors: Winckler Ciro , Costa Shaeny Gomes da , Campos Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de , Lourenço Thiago Fernando
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the relationship and difference between velocity attained at maximal oxygen consumption (vVO2max) and 1000-m time trials in Para athletes with vision impairment and their guides. This study had seven Para athletes of class T11 (six Paralympic Games medalists and one non-medalist) and seven respective guides who performed an incremental treadmill test and 1000-m time trial on the athletics track. Data normality was checked through the Shapiro-Wilk test, Student t test, and effect size (ES) to compare differences between groups, and the association between vVO2max and time trial mean velocity (vTT) was made through linear regression. No differences were observed ( p = .555, ES: 0.236) in the VO2max of the T11 athletes (49.29 ± 9.25 ml kg−1 min−1) and their respective guides (51.30 ± 8.92 ml kg−1 min−1), as well as in the vVO2max (T11 athlete: 18.14 ± 3.53 km h−1, guide: 19.00 ± 2.52 km h−1, p = .585, ES: 0.218) and vTT (T11 athlete: 17.25 ± 3.57 km h−1, guide: 20.12 ± 2.25 km h−1, p = .100, ES: 0.735). However, the linear regression analysis between vVO2max and vTT revealed a positive and moderate relationship in T11 athletes (R2 = 0.684, p < .01) and a very large guide (R2 = 0.774, p < .01). The speed reserve of the guide in relation to the T11 athlete was 16%. The results of vTT underestimate the vVO2max more in guides than in T11 athletes.
Learning to predict: Second language perception of reduced multi-word sequences
Authors: Tizón-Couto David , Lorenz David
Published: May 2024

The cognitive entrenchment of frequent sequences comes as ‘chunking’ (holistic storage) and as ‘procedure strengthening’ (predicting elements in a sequence). A growing body of research shows effects of entrenchment of multi-word sequences in the native language, which is learned and shaped continuously and intuitively. But how do they affect second language (L2) speakers, whose language acquisition is more analytic but who nonetheless also learn through usage? The present study tests advanced English learners’ receptive processing of multi-word sequences with a word-monitoring experiment. Recognition of to in the construction V to Vinf was tested for full and reduced forms ([tʊ] vs. [ɾə]), conditioned by the general frequency of the V- to sequence and the transitional probability (TP) of to given the verb (V >  to). The results are compared with those previously obtained from native speakers. Results show that recognition profits from surface frequency, but not from TP. Reduced forms delay recognition, but this is mitigated in high-frequency sequences. Unlike native speakers, advanced learners do not exhibit a chunking effect of high-frequency reduced forms, and no facilitating effect of TP. We attribute these findings to learners’ lesser experience with spontaneous speech and phonetic reduction. They recognize reduced forms less easily, show weaker entrenchment of holistic representations, and do not draw on the full range of probabilistic cues available to native speakers.
Evaluation of the Operational and Safety Effects of a Variable Speed Limit System in Virginia
Authors: Cho Hyun W. , Robartes Erin , Fontaine Michael
Published: May 2024

Variable speed limit (VSL) systems have been broadly deployed to address safety and mobility concerns both in the U.S. and internationally. In June 2022, the Virginia Department of Transportation activated a VSL system on I-95 northbound about halfway between Washington, D.C. and Richmond, Virginia. While many past VSL deployments have attempted to address urban congestion or mitigate safety issues arising from inclement weather, this deployment was intended to address traffic congestion created by through traffic during peak recreational periods by encouraging more uniform speed selection, dampening the effects of shockwaves, and providing advance warning of congestion. This paper discusses the characteristics of the deployed system, as well as its safety and operational effects, using approximately 1 year of post-deployment data. Results show that drivers did respond to the VSLs, and that mean speeds and speed distributions changed during transitional flow. Early safety results also showed reductions in crash severity, although this finding is based on limited data.
Nano-SiO2/polyurethane modified unsaturated polyester resin mortar for thin layer repairing on airport pavement
Authors: Zhang Hongliang , Liu Xinyue , Wang Ning
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a novel toughened polymer mortar designed for runway repair, featuring outstanding impact resistance, high strength, and cost-effectiveness. To augment the toughness of unsaturated polyester (UP) polymer mortar, nano-SiO2 and polyurethane (PU) were incorporated. Firstly, the optimal dosages of nano-SiO2 and PU were determined through tensile test and impact test. Then, the modification mechanism of nano-SiO2/PU on UP resin was explored by microscopic image technology. In addition, the compression, flexural, fluidity, flexural bond strength and construction time tests were carried out to determine the optimal formula of nano-SiO2/PU modified UP resin mortar. Finally, the durability, impact resistance, impermeability resistance, skid resistance, and interlayer bond strength of modified UP resin mortar were studied and compared with those of pure UP resin mortar and epoxy (EP) resin mortar. Results show that the optimum proportion by mass for nano-SiO2/polyurethane modified UP resin is, UP resin: PU: dibutyltin dilaurate: nano-SiO2: initiator: accelerator: diluent: plasticizer = 1: 0.1: 0.002: 0.01: 0.01: 0.01:0.15:0.01. Furthermore, the mass proportion of modified UP resin to aggregate is 1: 1.2. In nano-SiO2/PU modification of UP resin, the -NCO groups of PU have been involved in chemical interaction with the -OH group of UP, while nano-SiO2 and UP resin are blended physically only. Compared with pure UP resin mortar, the nano-SiO2/PU modified UP resin mortar exhibited a 44% reduction in shrinkage rate, approximately 20% less corrosion loss, a 32% decrease in freeze-thaw loss, a 37% improvement in impact resistance, and increased shear bonding strength, flexural bonding strength, and tensile bonding strength by 44%, 33%, and 47%, respectively. Although the modified UP resin mortar demonstrated slightly lower performance in terms of dry shrinkage, corrosion resistance, skid resistance, and tensile bond strength compared to EP resin mortar, its freeze-thaw durability, impact resistance, flexural bond strength, and shear bond strength surpassed those of EP resin mortar. All three materials exhibited excellent impermeability. Leveraging the advantages of PU and nano-SiO2, the modified UP resin presents a promising repair material for airport pavement with enhanced toughness, high stability, and reduced cost.
Some Good News, More Bad News: Two Decades of the Gender Pay Gap for Nonprofit Directors and Chief Financial Officers
Authors: Grasse Nathan J. , Heidbreder Brianne , Kukla-Acevedo Sharon A. , Lecy Jesse D.
Published: May 2024

This research examines differences in the compensation of male and female executive directors and chief financial officers in nonprofit organizations. We utilize executive transition periods within organizations as an empirical strategy for isolating how gender impacts the salaries of two people who occupy the same role in the same organization. Two waves of IRS 990 compensation data are used to assess compensation practices over the past two decades. The good news includes an overall increase in the number of women holding executive positions and indications that the discriminatory component of pay (discrepancies for two people holding the same position within the same organization) is relatively small and may be decreasing. This good news, however, is accompanied by bad news: large cross-sectional gaps in pay that result from an over-representation of male executives in the largest nonprofits and those in industries with the highest executive pay.
Influence of parameter variation intervals on pyrolysis sensitivity analysis for charring and non-charring materials
Authors: Amokrane Abdenour , Fleurotte Manon , Hodroj Ali , Authier Olivier , Debenest Gérald , Fontaine Gaëlle , Bourbigot Serge
Published: May 2024

This study applies the Morris method for a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the input parameters’ influence on the heat release rate in a pyrolysis model, focusing on two materials, poly(methyl methacrylate) (non-charring) and poly(vinyl chloride) (charring), examined under a cone calorimeter. A key aspect of our exploration was the role of input parameter variation intervals on the sensitivity outcomes. We analyzed three interval-setting methods:

1. A standard ±10% deviation from the nominal value, commonly used in the literature.

2. A range determined by the experimental uncertainties for individual parameters.

3. A span from minimum to maximum values found in existing literature for each parameter.

Our intensive literature review supported the framing of intervals for the latter two methods. Our findings underscore the critical role of the selected variation interval. Specifically, while a uniform ±10% variation identified activation energies as the primary influencers—consistent with prior literature—the introduction of experimental uncertainties shifted this prominence toward heats of reaction. Thus, the selected interval can drastically reshape the perceived importance of certain parameters. This original work challenges the traditionally employed variation ranges in sensitivity studies, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach.
On the Page and Off the Page: Adolescents’ Collaborative Writing in an After-School Spoken-Word Poetry Team
Authors: Vaughan Andrea , Lesus Melina
Published: May 2024

Using case study methodology, this article analyzes the collaborative writing of three adolescent girls, one Latina and two Black, composing a group poem in an after-school spoken word poetry team. Drawing from literature on distributed cognition and embodiment, we found that participants utilized a system of writing techniques “on the page,” as well as a variety of embodied and social practices “off the page” in their team meetings to collaboratively compose this poem. We argue that focusing on the intersection of distributed cognition and embodiment in collaborative writing allows writing researchers to more fully attend to the collaborative sociality of all writing and allows teachers to support youth writers in recognizing and gaining collaborative writing skills for professional and creative writing contexts.
Looking for places to be alone: Lived space in social anxiety disorder
Authors: Kristiansen Martin Vestergaard
Published: May 2024

In this paper, I elucidate how lived space is transformed in social anxiety disorder. The cognitive–behavioral framework that dominates the field conceptualizes the disorder as an intrapsychic dysfunction and sidelines concrete experience. The omnipresent sense of threat as it expresses itself “out there” in the patient’s experiential world thus remains unexplored. Looking to first-person descriptions of social anxiety, I argue that the felt presence of the Other constantly threatens the patient’s sense of autonomy and ownership of the places they inhabit. They experience others violating the boundaries of their intimate spaces and banishing them from public spaces. These experiences point to an altered mode of inhabiting space I term intersubjective overdetermination. The patient is condemned to live in the space of the Other. I compare this conceptualization to the commonplace cognitive–behavioral account. I end by discussing the treatment implications of this account of socially anxious lived space.
Unionization of retired workers in Europe
Authors: Pyka Vinzenz , Schnabel Claus
Published: May 2024

We shed light on an understudied group: retirees in unions. Using representative individual-level data of 19 European countries, we find that the share of retirees in unions and the union density of retirees increased between 2008 and 2020. Econometric analyses indicate that on average retired workers’ probability of union membership is 17 percentage points lower than that of active workers, with some variation among countries. This finding is consistent with social custom models and cost–benefit considerations, but it partly questions the inter-generational solidarity model put forward in the literature. We further find that some determinants of union membership differ between active and retired workers; for instance, the (former) status of being a full-time or blue-collar worker is only statistically significant for active but not for retired workers. Overall, standard membership models better explain the unionization of active than retired workers.
18REST-2: A Revised Measure of the RIASEC Model for Large-Scale Assessment With Students
Authors: Martins Gustavo H. , Crispim Ana C. , Ambiel Rodolfo A. M. , Valentini Felipe , Hauck-Filho Nelson , Mose Leonardo B. , Barros Leonardo O. , Primi Ricardo , De Fruyt Filip
Published: May 2024

This study aims to revise 18REST, a short RIASEC-based measure about vocational interests, developed for large-scale assessment in education. Using a large sample of 63,128 Brazilian students from 5th, 9th, and 12th grade, a revised version with partly new items was proposed, i.e., 18REST-2. 18REST-2 RIASEC scales showed a circular order in 12th grade. Younger students exhibited lower coherence and differentiation in their interests than students in more advanced grades. Gender differences in vocational interests were more pronounced in 9th and 12th grades. Overall, the study established validity and reliability evidence for the 18REST-2 scales for general vocational interest surveys and provided valuable insights into gender and developmental differences in vocational interests in an educational context.
What Drives or Inhibits Individuals’ Intention to Seek Information About Medical Innovations? Findings From an Online Survey Among German Residents
Authors: Link Elena , Baumann Eva , Schrimpff Charlotte , Fisse Tanja , Klimmt Christoph
Published: May 2024

Innovation research fighting for public attention and counteracting science-skeptical views raise the need for insights into why individuals are motivated to engage with scientific knowledge. Guided by the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM), additionally considering mistrust in science and innovativeness, the study aimed to explain individuals’ intention to seek information about medical innovations. Findings of an online survey among German residents ( N = 5,322) supported the utility of the extended PRISM to predict seeking intent. Most of the postulates of the PRISM were supported; mistrust served as a barrier to engagement with scientific knowledge, whereas innovativeness was of minor relevance.
Book review: J. C. Lopez and B. Fisher-Yoshida, Peacebuilding in Colombia: From the Lens of Community and Policy
Authors: Kiriş Ayça
Published: May 2024

J. C. Lopez and B. Fisher-Yoshida, Peacebuilding in Colombia: From the Lens of Community and Policy. Routledge, 2023, 184 pp., GBP 27.99 (Paperback). ISBN: 9781032313078.
Towards a minor sociology of futures: Shifting futures in Mass Observation accounts of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: van Emmerik Corine , Coleman Rebecca , Lyon Dawn
Published: May 2024

This article argues for a ‘minor sociology of futures’, which focuses on the significance of futures in and to everyday life by attending to minor shifts in temporal rhythms and patterns that illuminate how futures are imagined and made. We draw on Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of the major and minor, to attend to how major time is ruptured and remade and how minor temporalities can be productive of new relationships with the major and different futures. Our analysis focuses on the intricate and ambivalent relations with futures articulated in written reflections submitted during the early phase (March–November 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK to a Mass Observation directive on COVID-19 and time. Nourishing a sensitivity to the minor helps us develop a minor sociology that takes futures seriously, which we argue matters in times of uncertainty that stretch beyond the pandemic.
Using the COIL pedagogy as a strategy for improving the virtual international educational experiences of students: North-South hemisphere case study
Authors: Garizurieta-Bernabe Jessica , Prakaschandra Rosaley
Published: May 2024

International Collaborative Online Learning (COIL) is a term that describes virtual mobility experiences that are integrated into the formal curriculum to give students the chance to interact with peers at international universities in specific learning activities, while also developing intercultural, professional, and digital skills. The objective of the research is to explore the influence of this pedagogical practice on the students’ learning, as well as to identify the associated challenges, the lived experiences of the students in Clinical Technology of the Technological University of Durban (DUT) in South Africa and the Administration students of the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) in Mexico were explored, during the application of the COIL pedagogy. Through a thematic analysis methodology, three themes emerged, namely: Experiences, Challenges, and Learning. This study confirms the usefulness of COIL as a pedagogy for internationalization in higher education and the development of professional skills, by incorporating the intercultural dimension in the curriculum within the virtual space. It is recommended that an appropriate instructional design, as well as an analysis before implementation to determine language proficiency and time zones of participating countries.
A Qualitative Systematic Review of the Barriers and Facilitators of the Reintegration of Men Convicted of a Sexual Offense From Prison or Secure Care into the Community
Authors: Tuschick Emma , Carthy Nikki , Wager Nadia , Chamberlain Marty
Published: May 2024

This article is the first qualitative systematic review of studies examining the barriers and facilitators to male sex offenders reintegration from prison or secure care into the community. A search of 16 electronic databases produced 14,218 potential sources, which, after screening, resulted in 79 articles for inclusion. Papers were included if they used qualitative research methods about the barriers, facilitators, perceptions, experiences, and attitudes toward community reintegration from prison or secure care for men convicted of sexual offenses. Included papers were critically appraised and the findings were thematically synthesized. The findings identified that formal and cultural aspects of reintegration, such as probation services, stigmatization, and registration, were the three largest barriers that men faced upon their release, with stability aspects, such as positive relationships, religion, and support groups, being key facilitators to their successful reintegration. The implications for future research, and policy and practice, including prioritizing risk assessment and management, offering appropriate and timely treatment and rehabilitation, educating the community, better access to housing and employment, and services adopting a collaborative approach, are discussed.
Technical Aspects and Outcome of Multi-Staged and Single-Staged Thoracoabdominal Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Frese Jan Paul , Walter Corinna , Carstens Jan , Bürger Matthias , Greiner Andreas , Assadian Afshin , Kapahnke Sebastian , Falkensammer Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

In some cases of endovascular thoracoabdominal or juxtarenal aortic aneurysm repair, a thoracic endograft in combination with a fenestrated renovisceral device may be needed in order to create a sufficient proximal landing zone. This study aimed to evaluate the technical aspects and postoperative morbidity of a single- or 2-stage approach.

Methods:

Eighty-seven consecutive patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in combination with elective fenestrated repair (fenestrated endovascular aortic repair [FEVAR]; fenestrated Anaconda device) from 2015 to 2022 were included in this retrospective bicentric study. Underlying pathologies, aortic morphology, technical details, and postoperative morbidity were recorded.

Results:

Single-staged (“1S,” n=61) and 2-staged (“2S,” n=26) interventions were compared. Indications were thoracoabdominal aneurysms (TAAAs) (Crawford I-IV) (n=56, 64%) and juxtarenal aneurysms (n=31, 36%). In 2S, the proportion of TAAA was higher than in 1S (2S: 77%, 1S: 59%; p=0.001). In 2S, the covered length of the descending aorta was longer (1S: 128±60 mm, 2S: 202±64 mm; p=0.003). Temporary aneurysm sack perfusion (TASP) was established in 11 (18%) of 1S and 1 (4%) of 2S patients (p=0.079), as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage catheter in 48 (79%) of 1S and 19 (73%) of 2S. The rate of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) and the severity of SCI were not different in both groups, with a total of 3 cases of persisting paraplegia. The rate of access complications was higher in 2S (n=6, 23%) than in 1S (n=4, 7%; p=0.027). Postoperative 30 day morbidity did not significantly differ in both groups and neither did 30 day mortality (4.6% in 1S vs 3.8% in 2S; p=0.083).

Conclusion:

The combination of TEVAR and FEVAR using a fenestrated endograft is feasible and safe. Aortic morphology does not change significantly after endovascular repair. A single-staged strategy is feasible with excellent results, especially in Crawford IV, Crawford V, or juxtarenal aneurysms. Two-staged repair is recommended in cases with long aortic coverage and a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class. Follow-up data are needed to evaluate the long-term stability of the TEVAR/FEVAR interconnection.

Clinical impact

Our study has revealed the safety and efficacy of the combination of TEVAR and FEVAR in the treatment of TAAAs and juxtarenal aneurysms with compromised supravisceral landing zones. A single-staged concept is not necessary in all cases. Staged procedures may reduce postoperative morbidity in cases with long aortic coverage and higher ASA class.
Identification of a 5-Gene Cuproptosis Signature Predicting the Prognosis for Colon Adenocarcinoma Based on WGCNA
Authors: Wang Dongxue , Yang Funing , Han Guiping , Zhang Jifeng , Wang Hongjia , Xiao Zunyu , Chen Weiyu , Li Ping
Published: May 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that primarily affects the digestive system. It is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent form cell death mechanism, distinct from all other known pathways underlying cell death, tumor progression, prognosis, and immune response. Although the role of cuproptosis in colorectal cancer has been investigated over time, there is still an urgent need to explore new methods and insights to understand its potential function. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression data were systematically explored to investigate the role of cuproptosis in colon adenocarcinoma. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to construct a gene coexpression network and identify the critical module and cuproptosis-related genes correlated with colon adenocarcinoma prognosis. A cuproptosis-related genes prognostic signature for colon adenocarcinoma was identified and validated. To validate the identified gene signature, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed. Cell proliferation assays were analyzed by CCK8 and cell cycle detection. In addition, reactive oxygen species assay was also analyzed. Results: Five hub cuproptosis-related genes (Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, ATOX1, VEGFA, and ULK1) were screened and a prognostic risk model for predicting overall survival was established based on these genes. The model was successfully tested in the validation cohort and the GEPIA database. Colon adenocarcinoma patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups based on risk scores. The study revealed that patients with higher risk scores were more likely to have a poor prognosis. Moreover, Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase was a tumor suppressor gene that can induce cell death and affected the redox reactions in the colon cancer cell line. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the newly identified 5-gene signature may serve as a more reliable prognostic factor than clinical factors such as age and stage of disease. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for further investigation into potential cuproptosis-related biomarkers for predicting colon adenocarcinoma prognosis in the future.
SENP1-Mediated deSUMOylation Regulates the Tumor Remodeling of Glioma Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Stress
Authors: Wen Ping , Li Haoran , Liu Liang , Liu Xinglei , Xu Zhipeng , Dong Jun
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of specific small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases 1 (SENP1)-mediated deSUMOylation on the malignant behavior of glioma stem cells (GSCs) under hypoxia conditions and evaluate the clinical value of prevention in glioma patients. Introductions: Under hypoxic conditions, upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression in GSCs activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which provide rich nutritional support for glioblastoma (GBM). SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation stabilizes the expression of HIF1α and β-catenin, leading to the occurrence of GSCs-initiated tumorigenesis. Targeting SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation may suppress the malignancy of GSCs and disrupt GBM progression. Methods: The expression of SENP1 in different World Health Organization grades was observed by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Lentivirus-packaged SENP1shRNA downregulated the expression of SENP1 in GSCs, and the downregulated results were verified by western blotting and polymerase chain reaction. The effects of LV-SENP1shRNA on the migration and proliferation of GSCs were detected by scratch and cloning experiments. The effect of LV- SENP1shRNA on the tumor formation ability of GSCs was observed in nude mice. Immunoprecipitation clarified the mechanism of SENP1 regulating the malignant behavior of GSCs under hypoxia. The correlation between the expression level of SENP1 and the survival of glioma patients was determined by statistical analysis. Results: SENP1 expression in GSCs derived from clinical samples was upregulated in GBM. SUMOylation was observed in GSCs in vitro, and deSUMOylation, accompanied by an increase in SENP1 expression, was induced by hypoxia. SENP1 expression was downregulated in GSCs with lentivirus-mediated stable transfection, which attenuated the proliferation and differentiation of GSCs, thus diminishing tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, HIF1α induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin, which depended on SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation, promoting GSC-driven GBM growth under the hypoxia microenvironment. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that SENP1-mediated deSUMOylation as a feature of GSCs is essential for GBM maintenance, suggesting that targeting SENP1 against GSCs may effectively improve GBM therapeutic efficacy.
Addressing Body Dissatisfaction in Women in Larger Bodies Using Exposure-based Interventions: A Case Report
Authors: Butler Rachel M. , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: May 2024

Exposure therapy has been examined as a treatment for eating disorders, but research has yet to determine how to adapt these approaches for those in larger bodies who experience weight stigma. This case study reports on the use of values-based exposure interventions to reduce body dissatisfaction and body-related concerns in a woman with binge eating disorder in a larger body. We used a values-based approach to mirror and body image exposure that focused on fear tolerance and valued actions, as opposed to belief disconfirmation or habituation-based approaches to exposure, which may invalidate weight stigmatizing experiences. The client was a white cisgender woman in her late 20’s with binge eating disorder and major depressive disorder enrolled in trial of Transdiagnostic Network-Informed Personalized Treatment for eating disorders. Symptoms were assessed at pre-, mid-, post-treatment and one-month follow-up. The client was highly satisfied with treatment and experienced clinically significant reductions in eating disorder symptoms and shape and weight concerns. Decreases in body dissatisfaction, feeling fat, and overvaluation of weight and shape were large. Clinical impairment decreased, and quality of life increased. A detailed description of the approach to body image exposure for those in larger bodies is provided. Using a values-based approach to body image exposures may help account for weight stigma experienced by those in larger bodies while decreasing avoidance of personally meaningful experiences, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorder symptoms.
RTMS of the Cerebellum Using an Accelerated Stimulation Protocol Improved Gait in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Grobe-Einsler Marcus , Lupa Annemarie , Weller Johannes , Kaut Oliver
Published: May 2024

Background

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a nonpharmacological and noninvasive brain stimulation technique that has been proven to be effective in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The combination of rTMS and treadmill training improved gait function in PD greater than treadmill training alone.

Objective

The aim of our study was to evaluate the combination of a novel high-intensity, short intervention rTMS treatment and a multimodal treatment protocol including of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and language therapy, the so-called Parkinson’s Disease Multimodal Complex Treatment (PD-MCT), to improve motor function.

Methods

In this randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial rTMS with 48 Hz or sham was applied over the cerebellum 3 times a day for 5 consecutive days. Patients were assessed at baseline (V0), after 5 days of treatment (V1), and 4 weeks later (V2). The primary clinical outcome measure was the motor sum-score of the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRSIII), secondary clinical outcomes were quantitative motor tasks.

Results

A total of 36 PD patients were randomly allocated either to rTMS (n = 20) or sham (n = 16), both combined with PD-MCT. rTMS improved the UDPRSIII score comparing baseline and V1 in the treatment group by −8.2 points ( P = .004). The 8MW and dynamic posturography remained unchanged in both groups after intervention. Conclusion. Compressing weeks of canonical rTMS protocols into 5 days was effective and well tolerated. rTMS may serve as an add-on therapy for augmenting the multimodal complex treatment of motor symptoms, but seems to be ineffective to treat postural instability.
Study on lateral vibration characteristics of BHA with double-span drill collar
Authors: Tao Zuwen , Meng Yingfeng , Huang Xiao , Yang Kang , Xiao Guilin , Xu Ming , Liu Seng , Fang Pan
Published: May 2024

The severe vibration of BHA directly affect the drilling efficiency, borehole trajectory, and wellbore quality. Therefore, it is crucial for developing dynamic mechanics of drill string system by studying the mechanical behavior of BHA. In this paper, considering the continuity condition of double-span drill collar, the expression of lateral vibration of drill collars is firstly obtained by using the assumption mode method. Then, the lateral vibration equation of double-span drill collar is derived by Lagrange equation. Finally, a self-programming model is established based on dynamic mechanics of drill string system, the lateral vibration characteristics of double-span drill collar in four different types of BHA is further determined by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. It is obviously found that the lateral vibration is enhanced with increasing the length of drill collar; the rotation speed of BHA, weight on bit (WOB), and the size of stabilizer have a significant influence on the lateral vibration of drill collar. In the practical application, the lengths of the first-span and the second-span drill collar are given as 10 and 19 m, respectively; and the stabilizer diameter approached to bit diameter is recommend in practical gas drilling engineering; under WOB of 10–40 kN, the rotation speed of the drilling string should be controlled nearby 60 r/min. The theoretical investigation is a guidance for structure design of BHA and optimization of drilling parameter.
Combined treatment with allogeneic Epstein–Barr- and human polyomavirus 1 specific T-cells in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and EBV infection: a case report
Authors: Nay Sandra , Möhn Nora , Grote-Levi Lea , Bonifacius Agnes , Saßmann Mieke L. , Karacondi Kevin , Tischer-Zimmermann Sabine , Pöter Henning , Mahmoudi Nima , Wattjes Mike P. , Maecker-Kolhoff Britta , Höglinger Günter , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Skripuletz Thomas
Published: May 2024

Opportunistic viral infections in individuals with severe immunodeficiency can lead to fatal conditions such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), for which treatment options are limited. These infections pose significant risks, especially when co-infections with other viruses occur. We describe a combined therapy approach using directly isolated allogeneic Human Polyomavirus 1 (also known as BKV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) specific cytotoxic T-cells for the treatment of PML in conjunction with identified EBV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a male patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A 53-year-old HIV-positive male, recently diagnosed with PML, presented with rapidly worsening symptoms, including ataxia, tetraparesis, dysarthria, and dysphagia, leading to respiratory failure. The patient developed PML even after commencing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 3 months prior. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal demyelination lesions involving the posterior fossa and right thalamus suggestive of PML. In addition to the detection of human polyomavirus 2 (also known as JCV), analysis of CSF showed positive results for EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). His neurological condition markedly deteriorated over the following 2 months. Based on MRI, there was no evidence of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome contributing to this decline. The patient did not have endogenous virus-specific T-cells. We initiated an allogeneic, partially human leukocyte antigen-matched transfer of EBV and utilizing the cross-reactivity between BKV and JCV–BKV specific T-cells. This intervention led to notable neurological improvement and partial resolution of the MRI lesions within 6 weeks. Our case of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome demonstrates that PML and concurrent EBV co-infection can still occur despite undergoing HAART treatment. This innovative experimental therapy, involving a combination of virus-specific T-cells, was demonstrated to be an effective treatment option in this patient.
Poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in advanced thymic carcinoma patients with liver metastases
Authors: Hao Yue , Xu Manyi , Zeng Xiaohong , Wang Yina , Wang Wenxian , Lin Gen , Li Bihui , Huang Jianhui , Xu Chunwei , Zhang Yongchang , Song Zhengbo
Published: May 2024

Background:

Although immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for advanced thymic carcinoma exhibits promising efficacy, factors that affect the efficacy and prognosis, including metastases sites, remain uncertain.

Objectives:

Our study aimed to investigate the determinants of survival among patients with advanced thymic carcinoma who underwent immunotherapy in real-world settings, with implications for clinical practice.

Designs:

Different therapy regimens of immunotherapy were produced to analyze the influence of liver metastases on survival and prognosis for advanced thymic carcinoma patients.

Methods:

Data for advanced thymic carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy and their metastases sites were collected for analysis from seven different hospitals between January 2015 and January 2023. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox analysis was used to evaluate factors influencing survival.

Results:

The present study analyzed 136 advanced thymic carcinoma patients from seven different hospitals. The PFS for all patients receiving immunotherapy was 6.4 months, while the OS was 24.0 months. The objective response rate was different for patients with liver and non-liver metastases (11.9% versus 37.2%, p = 0.003). The disease control rate values were also different between the two groups (47.6% versus 80.9%, p = 0.037). The PFS for patients with liver metastases demonstrated poor immunotherapy efficacy compared to patients with non-liver metastases (3.0 versus 8.0 months, p < 0.0001). The OS was also significantly different between these two patient groups (16.1 versus 29.1 months, p = 0.009).

Conclusion:

Immunotherapy had poor efficacy in advanced thymic carcinoma patients with liver metastases.
Interpretation With/Through/Toward Intersectionality: Difficulties and Opportunities
Authors: Hackl Jacqueline , Märker Marlene , Doblmair Michael
Published: May 2024

This article discusses difficulties and opportunities in working with/through/towards intersectionality, which we illustrate using work conducted during our interpretive workshop. Speaking from the perspective of emerging researchers in educational science and teacher education, we are united by our critical examination of research in and about relations of inequality, whereby intersectionality represents an important point of reference as a sensitizing concept for theory and practice. However, the concrete discussion and use of the concept of intersectionality raised many questions.
Advanced biomechanical analytics: Wearable technologies for precision health monitoring in sports performance
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah , Ullah Arif
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study investigated the impact of wearable technologies, particularly advanced biomechanical analytics and machine learning, on sports performance monitoring and intervention strategies within the realm of physiotherapy. The primary aims were to evaluate key performance metrics, individual athlete variations and the efficacy of machine learning-driven adaptive interventions.

Methods

The research employed an observational cross-sectional design, focusing on the collection and analysis of real-world biomechanical data from athletes engaged in sports physiotherapy. A representative sample of athletes from Bahawalpur participated, utilizing Dring Stadium as the primary data collection venue. Wearable devices, including inertial sensors (MPU6050, MPU9250), electromyography (EMG) sensors (MyoWare Muscle Sensor), pressure sensors (FlexiForce sensor) and haptic feedback sensors, were strategically chosen for their ability to capture diverse biomechanical parameters.

Results

Key performance metrics, such as heart rate (mean: 76.5 bpm, SD: 3.2, min: 72, max: 80), joint angles (mean: 112.3 degrees, SD: 6.8, min: 105, max: 120), muscle activation (mean: 43.2%, SD: 4.5, min: 38, max: 48) and stress and strain features (mean: [112.3 ], SD: [6.5 ]), were analyzed and presented in summary tables. Individual athlete analyses highlighted variations in performance metrics, emphasizing the need for personalized monitoring and intervention strategies. The impact of wearable technologies on athletic performance was quantified through a comparison of metrics recorded with and without sensors. Results consistently demonstrated improvements in monitored parameters, affirming the significance of wearable technologies.

Conclusions

The study suggests that wearable technologies, when combined with advanced biomechanical analytics and machine learning, can enhance athletic performance in sports physiotherapy. Real-time monitoring allows for precise intervention adjustments, demonstrating the potential of machine learning-driven adaptive interventions.
External Debt and Economic Growth: Does the Role of Governance Matter in Emerging Countries?
Authors: Arjun  , Mishra Bibhuti Ranjan
Published: May 2024

This study empirically investigates the impact of external debt on economic growth, and assesses whether institutional quality matters for this influence, using data from 18 emerging countries during 1996 to 2020. The findings indicate that although an upsurge in external debt negatively affects economic growth, this impact is mitigated when there is an improvement in institutional quality, as reflected by three governance indicators: anti-corruption perception, voice and accountability, and perceptions of the rule of law. However, other three governance indicators (political stability, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality) failed to affect the economic growth favorably. These results have important implications for policymakers in emerging countries who are currently facing major fiscal and external imbalances due to high expenditure on military goods/thigh cost of war, decrease in trade, and financial loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic.