bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate Conductivity on the Transient Thermal Transport of Hygroscopic Droplets during Vapor Absorption
Authors: Wang Zhenying , Orejon Daniel , Sefiane Khellil , Takata Yasuyuki
Published: February 2020

In all kinds of liquid desiccant dehumidification systems, the temperature increase of the desiccant solution due to the effect of absorptive heating is one of the main reasons of performance deterioration. In this study, we look into the thermal effects during vapor absorption into single hygroscopic liquid desiccant droplets. Specifically, the effect of substrate conductivity on the transient heat and mass transfer process is analyzed in detail. The relative strength of the thermal effect and the solutal effect on the rate of vapor absorption is investigated and compared to the thermal effect by evaporative cooling taking place in pure water droplets. In the case of liquid desiccants, results indicate that the high thermal conductivity of copper substrates ensures more efficient heat removal, and the temperature at the droplet surface decreases more rapidly than that on Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. As a result, the initial rate of vapor absorption on copper substrates slightly outweighs that on PTFE substrates. Further analysis by decomposing the vapor pressure difference indicates that the variation of vapor pressure caused by the temperature change during vapor absorption is much weaker than that induced by the concentration change. The conclusions demonstrate that a simplified isothermal model can be applied to capture the main mechanisms during vapor absorption into hygroscopic droplets even though it is evidenced to be unreliable for droplet evaporation.
Antimicrobial and Fermentation Potential of Himanthalia elongata in Food Applications
Authors: Martelli Francesco , Favari Claudia , Mena Pedro , Guazzetti Stefano , Ricci Annalisa , Del Rio Daniele , Lazzi Camilla , Neviani Erasmo , Bernini Valentina
Published: February 2020

Himanthalia elongata is a brown oceanic seaweed rich in bioactive compounds. It could play an important role in food production because of its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Three strains belonging to the Lactobacillus casei group (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and a Bacillus subtilis strain were used for the solid-state fermentation of commercial seaweeds, and bacterial growth was monitored using the plate count method. High-pressure processing (HPP) was also employed (6000 bar, 5 min, 5 °C) before extraction. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested in terms of the main food pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), and the phenolic content was estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteau method. In addition, targeted UHPLC-MS2 methods were used to unravel the profile of phlorotannins. H. elongata allowed the growth of the L. casei group strains and B. subtilis, showing the fermentability of this substrate. Significant antimicrobial activity toward L. monocytogenes was observed in the extracts obtained from unfermented samples, but neither fermentation nor HPP enhanced the natural antimicrobial activity of this seaweed species. The content in the phenolic compounds decreased because of the fermentation process, and the amount of phenolics in both the unfermented and fermented H. elongata extracts was very low. Despite phlorotannins being related to the natural antimicrobial activity of this brown seaweed, these results did not support this association. Even if fermentation and HPP were not proven to be effective tools for enhancing the useful compounds of H. elongata, the seaweed was shown to be a suitable substrate for L. casei group strains as well as for B. subtilis growth, and its extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity toward foodborne pathogens.
A Novel Moderately Thermophilic Type Ib Methanotroph Isolated from an Alkaline Thermal Spring in the Ethiopian Rift Valley
Authors: Islam Tajul , Gessesse Amare , Garcia-Moyano Antonio , Murrell J. Colin , Øvreås Lise
Published: February 2020

Aerobic moderately thermophilic and thermophilic methane-oxidizing bacteria make a substantial contribution in the control of global warming through biological reduction of methane emissions and have a unique capability of utilizing methane as their sole carbon and energy source. Here, we report a novel moderately thermophilic Methylococcus-like Type Ib methanotroph recovered from an alkaline thermal spring (55.4 °C and pH 8.82) in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. The isolate, designated LS7-MC, most probably represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Methylococcaceae of the class Gammaproteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene phylogeny indicated that strain LS7-MC is distantly related to the closest described relative, Methylococcus capsulatus (92.7% sequence identity). Growth was observed at temperatures of 30–60 °C (optimal, 51–55 °C), and the cells possessed Type I intracellular membrane (ICM). The comparison of the pmoA gene sequences showed that the strain was most closely related to M. capsulatus (87.8%). Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) was not detected, signifying the biological oxidation process from methane to methanol by the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO). The other functional genes mxaF, cbbL and nifH were detected by PCR. To our knowledge, the new strain is the first isolated moderately thermophilic methanotroph from an alkaline thermal spring of the family Methylococcaceae. Furthermore, LS7-MC represents a previously unrecognized biological methane sink in thermal habitats, expanding our knowledge of its ecological role in methane cycling and aerobic methanotrophy.
The Auxiliary Effect of Copper Ions on the Depressant Effect of Sodium Thioglycolate in Chalcopyrite Flotation
Authors: Zhang Chonghui , He Tingshu , Chen Wei , Bu Xianzhong , Wang Sen , Tian Xiaozhen
Published: February 2020

Sodium thioglycolate is a chalcopyrite depressant, but its depressant effect is weak. The paper investigated the effect of CuSO4 on the depressant performance of sodium thioglycolate towards chalcopyrite through flotation tests, Zeta potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra measurements. It was found that copper ions could improve the depressant effect of sodium thioglycolate on chalcopyrite. The results showed that copper ions could adsorb on the surface of chalcopyrite and form mixed copper sulfide and cupric oxides/hydroxides adsorption layers. As a result, the mineral composition on the chalcopyrite surface was changed. With sodium thioglycolate treatment, the Zeta potential and the adsorption sites of chalcopyrite surface were both increased, and the hydrophobic substance Sn2−/S0 concentration was decreased. The electrostatic repulsion of chalcopyrite surface with sodium thioglycolate was also decreased, which made the sodium thioglycolate interact with chalcopyrite more easily. The more active sites could adsorb more sodium thioglycolate, which improved the hydrophilia of chalcopyrite. At the same time, the decrease of Sn2−/S0 concentration could further improve the hydrophilia of chalcopyrite. The results show that the copper ions could exhibit auxiliary effect with sodium thioglycolate and could further enhance the depressant effect of sodium thioglycolate on the chalcopyrite flotation. This paper provides new insights into the depression of chalcopyrite flotation by sodium thioglycolate.
The Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Composite Structures Made of a Cement-Tailing Backfill and Rock Core
Authors: Tan Yu-ye , Zhang Kai , Yu Xin , Song Wei-dong , Wang Jie , Hai Cheng-long
Published: February 2020

In underground metal mines that use sublevel or stage open-stope and backfilling mining methods (SSOBMMs), there is a special structure around which both sides of the rock pillar are wrapped by backfill. As a permanent part of an underground mine, how much can backfill improve the rock pillar’s compressive strength? What is the difference in the mechanical properties between the special structure and the signal rock? To explore these questions, a composite structure made of a cement-tailing backfill (CTB) and rock core (RC) was designed. Uniaxial and triaxial compressive strength tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to research the mechanical properties, failure process, failure characteristics, and microstructure characteristics of the cement-tailing backfill and rock core (CTB-RC) specimens. It was found that the full stress–strain curve of the CTB-RC specimen under triaxial compressive strength (TCS) test had two times the stress increases reaching a lower peak deviator stress two times after the RC was destroyed. The CTB can reduce the destruction and slow down the deformation speed of the inner rock cor (IRC). It can also prevent rigid slip of the IRC after it is damaged and maintain the stability and integrity of the overall structure. The findings of this study can provide some basic knowledge on the mechanical properties of the CTB-RB and provide theoretical guidance for the optimization direction of the width of the rock pillar and the room in mines using SSOBMMs.
Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain
Authors: Guldris Leon Lorena , Hogmalm K. Johan , Bengtsson Magnus
Published: February 2020

Coarse comminution test-work and modeling are powerful tools in the design and optimization of mineral processing plants and provide information on energy consumption. Additional information on mineral liberation characteristics can be used for assessing the potential of pre-concentration stages or screens in the plant design. In ores of high-value metals (e.g., Ta, W), standard techniques—such as the mineralogical quantification of grain mounts by quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN) or chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) can be challenging, due to the low relative abundance of such valuable minerals. The cost of QEMSCAN is also a limiting factor, especially considering the large number of samples required for the optimization of coarse comminution. In this study, we present an extended analytical protocol to a well-established mechanical test of interparticle breakage to improve the assessment of coarse mineral liberation characteristics. The liberation of ore minerals is a function of the rock texture and the difference in size and mechanical properties of the valuable minerals relative to gangue minerals and they may fraction in certain grain sizes if they behave differently during comminution. By analyzing the bulk-chemistry of the different grain size fractions produced after compressional testing, and by generating element by size diagrams, it is possible to understand the liberation characteristics of an ore. We show, based on a case study performed on a tantalum ore deposit, that element distribution can be used to study the influence of mechanical parameters on mineral liberation. This information can direct further mineralogical investigation and test work.
Deep Mineral Exploration of the Jinchuan Cu–Ni Sulfide Deposit Based on Aeromagnetic, Gravity, and CSAMT Methods
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Zeng Zhaofa , Zhao Xueyu , Li Jing , Zhou Yue , Gong Mingxu
Published: February 2020

The exploration of deep mineral resources is an important prerequisite for meeting the continuous demand of resources. The geophysical method is one of the most effective means of exploring the deep mineral resources with a large depth and a high resolution. Based on the study of the geological background, petrophysical properties, and aeromagnetic anomaly characteristics of the Jinchuan Cu–Ni sulfide deposit, which is famous throughout the world, this paper uses the widely used gravity, aeromagnetic, and CSAMT (controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics) methods with a complementary resolution to reveal the favorable prospecting position. In order to obtain better inversion results, the SL0 norm tight support focusing regularization inversion method is introduced to process the section gravity and aeromagnetic data of the mining area. By combining the results with CSAMT, it is found that the medium-low resistivity, high density, and the high magnetic anomaly areas near the structural belt can nicely correspond with the known ore-bearing rock masses in the mining area. At the same time, according to the geophysical exploration model and geological and physical property data, four favorable ore-forming prospect areas are delineated in the deep part of the known mining area.
Flavonoids as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Kopustinskiene Dalia M. , Jakstas Valdas , Savickas Arunas , Bernatoniene Jurga
Published: February 2020

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds subdivided into 6 groups: isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins found in a variety of plants. Fruits, vegetables, plant-derived beverages such as green tea, wine and cocoa-based products are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids have been shown to possess a wide variety of anticancer effects: they modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzyme activities, participate in arresting the cell cycle, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and suppress cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Flavonoids have dual action regarding ROS homeostasis—they act as antioxidants under normal conditions and are potent pro-oxidants in cancer cells triggering the apoptotic pathways and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This article reviews the biochemical properties and bioavailability of flavonoids, their anticancer activity and its mechanisms of action.
The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Respiratory Enzymes, ADP/ATP Ratio, Glutathione Metabolism, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Gland Mitochondria of Insulin Resistant Rats
Authors: Zalewska Anna , Szarmach Izabela , Żendzian-Piotrowska Małgorzata , Maciejczyk Mateusz
Published: February 2020

This is the first study to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the mitochondrial respiratory system, as well as free radical production, glutathione metabolism, nitrosative stress, and apoptosis in the salivary gland mitochondria of rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR). The study was conducted on male Wistar rats divided into four groups of 10 animals each: C (control, rats fed a standard diet containing 10.3% fat), C + NAC (rats fed a standard diet, receiving NAC intragastrically), HFD (rats fed a high-fat diet containing 59.8% fat), and HFD + NAC (rats fed HFD diet, receiving NAC intragastrically). We confirmed that 8 weeks of HFD induces systemic IR as well as disturbances in mitochondrial complexes of the parotid and submandibular glands of rats. NAC supplementation leads to a significant increase in the activity of complex I, II + III and cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and also reduces the ADP/ATP ratio compared to HFD rats. Furthermore, NAC reduces the hydrogen peroxide production/activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, increases the pool of mitochondrial glutathione, and prevents cytokine formation, apoptosis, and nitrosative damage to the mitochondria in both aforementioned salivary glands of HFD rats. To sum up, NAC supplementation enhances energy metabolism in the salivary glands of IR rats, and prevents inflammation, apoptosis, and nitrosative stress.
DNA Methylation Changes are Associated with the Programming of White Adipose Tissue Browning Features by Resveratrol and Nicotinamide Riboside Neonatal Supplementations in Mice
Authors: Serrano Alba , Asnani-Kishnani Madhu , Couturier Charlene , Astier Julien , Palou Andreu , Landrier Jean-François , Ribot Joan , Bonet M. Luisa
Published: February 2020

Neonatal supplementation with resveratrol (RSV) or nicotinamide riboside (NR) programs in male mice brown adipocyte-like features in white adipose tissue (WAT browning) together with improved metabolism in adulthood. We tested the involvement in this programming of long-term epigenetic changes in two browning-related genes that are overexpressed in WAT of supplemented mice, Slc27a1 and Prdm16. Suckling mice received orally the vehicle, RSV or NR from postnatal days 2-to-20. After weaning (d21) onto a chow diet, male mice were habituated to a normal-fat diet (NFD) starting d75, and split on d90 into continuation on the NFD or switching to a high-fat diet (HFD) until euthanization on d164. CpG methylation by bisulfite-sequencing was analyzed on inguinal WAT. Both treatments modified methylation marks in Slc27a1 and Prdm16 and the HFD-dependent dynamics of these marks in the adult WAT, with distinct and common effects. The treatments also affected gene expression of de novo DNA methylases in WAT of young animals (euthanized at d35 in independent experiments). Studies in 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated the direct effects of RSV and NR on the DNA methylation machinery and favoring browning features. The results support epigenetic effects being involved in WAT programming by neonatal RSV or NR supplementation in male mice.
May Failure to Thrive in Infants Be a Clinical Marker for the Early Diagnosis of Cow’s Milk Allergy?
Authors: Diaferio Lucia , Caimmi Davide , Verga Maria Carmen , Palladino Valentina , Trovè Lorenzo , Giordano Paola , Verduci Elvira , Miniello Vito Leonardo
Published: February 2020

Objectives—Failure to thrive (FTT) in infants is characterized by growth failure. Although, cow’s milk allergy (CMA) may have an impact on growth and leads to FTT, data are still limited. We focused on FTT as a possible clinical marker for an early diagnosis of CMA. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implications of cow’s milk hypersensitivity in infants with FTT and the growth catch-up after a cow’s milk-free diet (CMFD). Methods—A cross-sectional study of all consecutive infants evaluated at the Pediatric Nutrition and Allergy Unit of the University Hospital of Bari (Italy) from January 2016 to April 2018 with a medical-driven diagnosis of FTT. Eligible infants were investigated for possible IgE mediated or non-IgE mediated CMA. Results—43 infants were included, mean age 5.7 months. 33/43 (77%) FTT presented a CMA related disease: 3/43 (7%) were diagnosed as presenting an IgE mediated CMA, 30 (93%) had a non IgE-mediated CMA, confirmed by the elimination diet for diagnostic purposes, that led to a significant improvement of symptoms and recrudescence after milk reintroduction. A total of 29 out of 30 patients (one patient was lost at follow-up) moved up to their original growth percentile after dietary changes. Growth z-scores were computed based on WHO anthropometric data. In 10 out of 43 patients (23%) were diagnosed with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Conclusions—when evaluating an infant with FTT, physicians should include in their evaluation an extensive search for IgE mediated and non IgE mediated CMA. When in vivo and in vitro analysis are not conclusive, a 4- to 8-weeks trial of CMFD and a consecutive re-introduction of milk proteins may be helpful in less common diagnoses.
Associations between the Intake of Different Types of Dairy and Cognitive Performance in Dutch Older Adults: The B-PROOF Study
Authors: de Goeij Liesbeth C. , van de Rest Ondine , Feskens Edith J. M. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M.
Published: February 2020

Various dairy nutrients have been associated with cognitive performance. Several observational studies have explored associations between the intake of total dairy or some dairy subgroups and cognitive performance. However, studies on the potential impact of a broad variety of dairy subclasses are scarce. We examined cross-sectional associations between a wide assortment of dairy products and cognitive performance. A total of 619 Dutch community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years completed a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Cognitive performance was assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery; the tests were clustered into cognitive domains using z-scores. Linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, habitual physical activity, total energy intake, and dietary factors, were performed to quantify the associations. The Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to correct for multiple testing. After full adjustment, higher skimmed dairy (β ± SD: 0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.06), fermented dairy (0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.09), and buttermilk (0.08 ± 0.03, p = 0.19) consumption were associated with better executive functioning. Logistic regression analyses indicated that a 30 g increase in Dutch cheese intake was associated with a 33% lower probability of poor information processing speed (PR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.97). No associations were observed between dairy consumption and attention and working memory or episodic memory.
Incendiary Leptin
Authors: Seoane-Collazo Patricia , Martínez-Sánchez Noelia , Milbank Edward , Contreras Cristina
Published: February 2020

Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that plays a key role in the control of energy homeostasis through its binding to leptin receptors (LepR), mainly expressed in the hypothalamus. Most scientific evidence points to leptin’s satiating effect being due to its dual capacity to promote the expression of anorexigenic neuropeptides and to reduce orexigenic expression in the hypothalamus. However, it has also been demonstrated that leptin can stimulate (i) thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and (ii) the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Since the demonstration of the importance of BAT in humans 10 years ago, its study has aroused great interest, mainly in the improvement of obesity-associated metabolic disorders through the induction of thermogenesis. Consequently, several strategies targeting BAT activation (mainly in rodent models) have demonstrated great potential to improve hyperlipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and weight gain, leading to an overall healthier metabolic profile. Here, we review the potential therapeutic ability of leptin to correct obesity and other metabolic disorders, not only through its satiating effect, but by also utilizing its thermogenic properties.
Effect of High Versus Low Carbohydrate Intake in the Morning on Glycemic Variability and Glycemic Control Measured by Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Rasmussen Louise , Christensen Maria Lund , Poulsen Charlotte Wolff , Rud Charlotte , Christensen Alexander Sidelmann , Andersen Jens Rikardt , Kampmann Ulla , Ovesen Per Glud
Published: February 2020

Carbohydrate is the macronutrient that has the greatest impact on blood glucose response. Limited data are available on how carbohydrate distribution throughout the day affects blood glucose in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to assess how a high-carbohydrate morning-intake (HCM) versus a low-carbohydrate-morning-intake (LCM), affect glycemic variability and glucose control. In this randomized crossover study continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was performed in 12 women with diet treated GDM (75 g, 2-h OGTT ≥ 8.5 mmol/L), who went through 2 × 3 days of HCM and LCM. A within-subject-analysis showed a significantly higher mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MAGE) (0.7 mmol/L, p = 0.004) and coefficient of variation (CV) (5.1%, p = 0.01) when comparing HCM with LCM, whereas a significantly lower mean glucose (MG) (−0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were found (−0.4 mmol/L, p = 0.01) on the HCM diet compared to the LCM diet. In addition, insulin resistance, expressed as Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), decreased significantly during HCM. Results indicate that a carbohydrate distribution of 50% in the morning favors lower blood glucose and improvement in insulin sensitivity in women with GDM, but in contrary gives a higher glycemic variability.
Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H11N9) Virus Isolated from Mandarin Ducks in South Korea in 2018
Authors: Tuong Hien Thi , Nguyen Ngoc Minh , Sung Haan Woo , Park Hyun , Yeo Seon-Ju
Published: February 2020

In July 2018, a novel avian influenza virus (A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9)) was isolated from Mandarin ducks in South Korea. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted to characterize the genetic origins of the H11N9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that eight gene segments of strain H11N9 belonged to the Eurasian lineages. Analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity of both the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed the highest homology with A/duck/Kagoshima/KU57/2014 (H11N9), showing 97.70% and 98.00% nucleotide identities, respectively. Additionally, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds. Both the polymerase acidic (PA) and polymerase basic 1 (PB1) genes were close to the H5N3 strain isolated in China; whereas, other internal genes were closely related to that of avian influenza virus in Japan. A single basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site (PAIASR↓GLF), the lack of a five-amino acid deletion (residue 69–73) in the stalk region of the NA gene, and E627 in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene indicated that the A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate was a typical low-pathogenicity avian influenza. In vitro viral replication of H11N9 showed a lower titer than H1N1 and higher than H9N2. In mice, H11N9 showed lower adaptation than H1N1. The novel A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate may have resulted from an unknown reassortment through the import of multiple wild birds in Japan and Korea in approximately 2016–2017, evolving to produce a different H11N9 compared to the previous H11N9 in Korea (2016). Further reassortment events of this virus occurred in PB1 and PA in China-derived strains. These results indicate that Japanese- and Chinese-derived avian influenza contributes to the genetic diversity of A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) in Korea.
HIV-1 Transcription Inhibitor 1E7-03 Restores LPS-Induced Alteration of Lung Leukocytes’ Infiltration Dynamics and Resolves Inflammation in HIV Transgenic Mice
Authors: Jerebtsova Marina , Ahmad Asrar , Niu Xiaomei , Rutagarama Ornela , Nekhai Sergei
Published: February 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals treated with anti-retroviral therapy often develop chronic non-infectious lung disease. To determine the mechanism of HIV-1-associated lung disease we evaluated the dynamics of lung leukocytes in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) mice with integrated HIV-1 provirus. In HIV-Tg mice, lipopolysacharide (LPS) induced significantly higher levels of neutrophil infiltration in the lungs compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, the initial neutrophil infiltration was followed by macrophage infiltration and fast resolution of leukocytes infiltration. In HIV-Tg mice, resolution of lung infiltration by both neutrophils and macrophages was significantly delayed, with macrophages accumulating in the lumen of lung capillaries resulting in a 45% higher rate of mortality. Trans-endothelial migration of HIV-Tg macrophages was significantly reduced in vitro and this reduction correlated with lower HIV-1 gene expression. HIV-1 transcription inhibitor, 1E7-03, enhanced trans-endothelial migration of HIV-Tg macrophages in vitro, decreased lung neutrophil infiltration in vivo, and increased lung macrophage levels in HIV-Tg mice. Moreover, 1E7-03 reduced levels of inflammatory IL-6 cytokine, improved bleeding score and decreased lung injury. Together this indicates that inhibitors of HIV-1 transcription can correct abnormal dynamics of leukocyte infiltration in HIV-Tg, pointing to the utility of transcription inhibition in the treatment of HIV-1 associated chronic lung disease.
MicroRNA-7 Inhibits Rotavirus Replication by Targeting Viral NSP5 In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Zhou Yan , Chen Linlin , Du Jing , Hu Xiaoqing , Xie Yuping , Wu Jinyuan , Lin Xiaochen , Yin Na , Sun Maosheng , Li Hongjun
Published: February 2020

Rotavirus (RV) is the major causes of severe diarrhea in infants and young children under five years of age. There are no effective drugs for the treatment of rotavirus in addition to preventive live attenuated vaccine. Recent evidence demonstrates that microRNAs (miRNAs) can affect RNA virus replication. However, the antiviral effect of miRNAs during rotavirus replication are largely unknown. Here, we determined that miR-7 is upregulated during RV replication and that it targets the RV NSP5 (Nonstructural protein 5). Results suggested that miR-7 affected viroplasm formation and inhibited RV replication by down-regulating RV NSP5 expression. Up-regulation of miR-7 expression is a common regulation method of different G-type RV-infected host cells. Then, we further revealed the antiviral effect of miR-7 in diarrhea suckling mice model. MiR-7 is able to inhibit rotavirus replication in vitro and in vivo. These data provide that understanding the role of cellular miR-7 during rotaviral replication may help in the identification of novel therapeutic small RNA molecule drug for anti-rotavirus.
The Impact and Applications of Phages in the Food Industry and Agriculture
Authors: Mahony Jennifer , Casey Eoghan , van Sinderen Douwe
Published: February 2020

Food security is currently a global socio-political pressure point that is exacerbated by the ever-increasing world population [...]
Resident Learning Curve for Laparoscopic Appendectomy According to Seniority
Authors: Kim Chang Woo , Jeon Sook Young , Paik Bomina , Bong Jun Woo , Kim Sang Hyun , Lee Suk-Hwan
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To delineate the learning curve (LC) for laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) performed by residents according to seniority in training.Methods: Between October 2015 and November 2016, 150 patients underwent LA by three residents (in their first, second, and third year of training) under supervision. The patients were non-randomly assigned to each resident. The data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively from prospectively collected database. The perioperative outcomes were compared between the three residents including operation time, complication, conversion, and so on. The LCs were evaluated by the moving average method and cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM) for operation time and surgical completion.Results: Baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were similar except for age and location of the appendix among the three groups. Operation time was not different among the three residents (43.9, 45.3, and 48.4 min for A, B, and C, respectively). The moving average method for operation time showed a decreasing tendency for all residents. CUSUM for operation time showed that the peak points occurred at the 24th, 18th, and 31st cases for resident A, B, and C, respectively. In terms of surgical failure, residents A, B, and C reached steady states after the 35th, 11th, and 16th cases, respectively. Perforation of the appendix base was the only risk factor for surgical failure.Conclusion: The LC for LA by residents was 11-35 cases according to multidimensional statistical analyses. The accumulation of surgical experience of residents might affect the LC, especially for surgical completion rather than for operation time.
A cross sectional study of polycystic ovarian syndrome among pharmacy students
Authors: Reshma Rajan  , Dhanya Dharman  , Deepa Manohar  , Shaiju S Dharan  , Athira J R  , Deepthi Mariya Davis  , Radhika Nair
Published: February 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS] is a common disorder, often complicated by chronic an ovulatory infertility and hyperandrogenism with the clinical manifestation of oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism and acne. The aim of this research is to evaluate polycystic ovarian syndrome which includes sign and symptoms, lifestyle and diet conditions along with their common treatment and self-medication practice for dysmenorrhea among pharmacy students, which are more prone to PCOS. A cross-sectional Questionnaire survey was conducted by online survey forms among pharmacy students in Ezhuthachan College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trivandrum. This study investigates the pattern of physical activity, daily dietary intake, the frequency of PCOS symptoms and other previously diagnosed diseases in normal women with and those having PCOS. In this study, most of the students were in the age of 22 [n=17]. About 23.5% of students had acne and it can be worsen during menstrual period. And also about 19.6% of students had hair loss, which are the main symptoms of PCOS. About 15.2% of students were engaged in regular exercise. The beneﬁts of weight reduction in PCOS are well documented, and the use of meal replacements and structured dietary patterns with higher protein content and/or lower glycemic carbohydrates shows promise. Alternative dietary compositions increase the range of dietary options, and could also potentially lead to greater weight loss, maintenance of weight loss or greater improvements in reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. However continued follow-up is required to sustain weight loss, and probably outweighs the effects of dietary composition.
A review on immune checkpoint blockage therapy
Authors: Shajahan Thamrook s , Shaiju S Dharan  , Merlin Nj
Published: February 2020

Activating the immune system to eliminate cancer cells and produce clinically relevant response has been a long standing goal of cancer research. Most promising therapeutic approaches of activating antitumor immunity include immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our immune system protect us from disease, killing bacteria and virus. One main type of immune cell called T-cells. T-cells have protein that turn it off. These are called checkpoint. Immune checkpoint are accessory molecules that either promote or inhibit T-cell activation. Checkpoint inhibitor are a type of immunotherapy. They block protein that stops the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitor are a type of monoclonal antibody or targeted treatment. Immune system cells, such as T-cells and Antigen presenting cells (APCs), defend and protect the body. Immune system play an important role in controlling and eradicating cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated protein 4(CTLA-4) and Programmed cell dealth protein (PD-1) are checkpoint protein which is the negative regulation of T-cell immune function. Inhibition of the target, results in increased activation of immune system.
Perfil periodontal de pacientes tabagistas do centro Hiperdia – Juiz de Fora, MG
Authors: Serqueira Stephânia Carolina Martins , Caruso Giovanna César , Londero Ana Clara de Carvalho , Bahia Júlia Azevedo , Bastos Jessica do Amaral , Falabella Marcio Eduardo Vieira
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A doença periodontal tem uma etiologia multifatorial e está entre as mais importantes condições de saúde bucal que afetam a população mundial. O tabagismo aumenta a prevalência de patógenos periodontais, dificultando o controle do biofilme dental e, consequentemente, deixando o hospedeiro mais susceptível à doença periodontal. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil periodontal dos usuários tabagistas e com necessidades especiais (diabéticos, renais crônicos e hipertensos) e a relação entre a quantidade e tempo de fumo com a condição periodontal. Material e Métodos: Foram examinados clinicamente 66 indivíduos e avaliados os parâmetros clínicos periodontais de profundidade de bolsa a sondagem e nível de inserção clínica com uso de sonda computadorizada e o número de sítios com sangramento a sondagem para o diagnóstico da doença periodontal. Além disso, os indivíduos responderam a um questionário com quatro perguntas que avaliava o perfil dos pacientes sobre o tipo de tabaco usado, tempo de tabagismo e o número de cigarros consumidos por dia. Resultados: 72,72% dos indivíduos examinados apresentaram diagnóstico de periodontite em estágios 3 e 4 de severidade. Não houve correlação positiva entre a média do tempo de tabagismo e a gravidade da doença periodontal. A média de sangramento a sondagem foi mais baixa nos indivíduos que consumiram mais de 10 cigarros por dia, quando comparado aos indivíduos que consumiram menos de 10 cigarros por dia. Não houve diferenças significantes entre os parâmetros clínicos de mobilidade dentária e profundidade de bolsa a sondagem em relação à quantidade de cigarros consumidos por dia. Conclusão: O tabagismo foi relacionado com a severidade da doença periodontal nos indivíduos avaliados.
Ligas acadêmicas na educação médica: uma análise institucional sob a visão dos orientadores
Authors: Cumani Toledo Gabriela , Gomes Bastos Marcus , Miranda Barbosa Karine , Corrêa de Araújo Paula , Lunardi Aranha Gabriel , Ferreira Ana Paula , Camilo Gustavo Bittencourt
Published: February 2020

Introdução: As Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina (LAM) surgiram no Brasil no início do século XX como reuniões de alunos, na necessidade de combate à alta prevalência dos agravos de saúde pela tuberculose e pela hanseníase. Na década de 90, a criação de novas LAMs permitiu um ambiente de discussão e prática de atividades em área de saúde de interesse de um conjunto de alunos e foi, assim, ganhando cada vez mais espaço na formação médica. Todavia, ainda são poucas as evidências científicas que discutem as finalidades e contribuições das LAMs durante a graduação, seja do ponto de vista do aluno ou do orientador. Objetivo: Estudar o perfil das ligas acadêmicas do curso de medicina de uma instituição de ensino da cidade de Juiz de Fora – MG. Material e Métodos: Trabalho de natureza descritiva e transversal que teve como instrumento de pesquisa questionário estruturado com 12 perguntas fechadas, previamente definidas, que foi respondido pelos orientadores das LAMs. Resultados: Em 2018, havia na instituição 36 ligas oficialmente constituídas com 37 orientadores. Quanto a frequência de encontros, os mesmos são majoritariamente mensais (78,4%) e 78,4% contam com a participação dos orientadores. Quanto à participação científica, 70,3% fazem discussão de artigos científicos, 62,2% possuem práticas extra-curriculares, 10,8% realizaram projetos de extensão e 13,5% têm trabalhos vinculados ao Programa de Iniciação Científica. Ressalta-se que a percepção dos orientadores é que 56,8% dos alunos participam para pontuação em programas de residência médica. Finalmente, 89,2% consideram o modelo de gestão adequado. Conclusão: A percepção dos orientadores é importante para a análise das ligas de forma a garantir melhorias principalmente para a educação e extensão. Somente com a descrição e estudo da situação atual será possível imprimir sugestões e avanços nessa questão, que já é tema central dentro da educação médica.
The Dramatic Use of the Supernatural in John Lyly’s Court Comedies
Authors: Lacapère Anne
Published: February 2020

The intellectual toughness and consistency of Lyly’s plays, especially of his later plays, the dramatic, technical qualities they display, stand strongly at variance with the accepted image of Lyly as a gentle, rather effete, «Euphuistic» writer. Availing himself of ancient, classical, even local imageries, Lyly created and developed a system which enabled him to shadow forth eternal meanings in one of the most earth-bound of literary forms, drama. His plays, because of his power to make a homogeneous whole out of the heterogeneous elements he chose, must be considered as a decisive stage in the history of drama.
Christopher Marlowe, dramaturge "en marge" ...?
Authors: Denonain Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2020

«A cobbler’s son», self-taught in the dramatic art, thus is Marlowe described by a long-standing lore — barring the disrepute attached to his character and calling. In sheer fact, he profited not merely by scholarships and favours in his school and University years, but, in his dramatic career proper, by the converging forces of teaching methods, pedagogic training, and even University regulations. All those implied theoretical and practical knowledge of the stage performances. Add to that Marlowe’s personal relationship with players of renown and official patronage.
Eléments parodiques dans The Wits de Sir William Davenant
Authors: Blattès Robert
Published: February 2020

This article was prompted by a passage in Kathleen Lynch’s book The Social Mode of Restoration Comedy (p. 90) in which she writes that the satire of préciosité was hardly possible in the realistic comedies of the Caroline period. She cites The Wits as an example. However, a careful analysis of this comedy reveals that elements of parody in it are both numerous and varied. They can even be considered as an essential aspect in the expression of the comic.
Karl Mannheim, critique de Thomas More : ambiguïtés du champ conceptuel de l'anti-millénarisme anglais
Authors: Besses Pierre
Published: February 2020

Karl Mannheim occupies a prominent position through his dichotomy between utopia and ideology, illustrated by More's contrast between the Erasmian sage and Raphaël, traveller from the exotic realms of political fantasy. For the Hungarian philosopher, the history of utopian ideas in the system of the modern world since the Renaissance allows us to underline four types of Utopian mentality in ascending order, determined by history. Within that perspective, the Portuguese philosopher, a satiric figure for the Utopian, represents a certain millenarianism, a kind of world view which is, because of the nostalgia for its origins, totally ahistoric and anachronistic.

Through Jean-Pierre Sironneau's sociology of the political imagination, the modern reader can grasp the ambiguities inherent in the conceptual field of Thomas More's utopian thought : the definitions of myth, ideology, utopia and millenarianism contribute to a new analysis of the workings of the two concepts of myth and ideology in the philosophic dialogues of the future Chancellor of Henry VIII.

For the faithful disciple of Erasmus, the pattern of the Utopian's political thought belongs to the conceptual field of myth, even if it breaks off with the millenarian world view ascribed in 1381 to John Ball's Levellers.

It becomes therefore obvious that Thomas More's political critique should be placed in the specific context of the ideology of the Tudor Absolutist State. Based on this contrast between myth and ideology, the structural antithesis of Thomas More's utopian discourse implies that the Erasmian cure to the illusionary nature of the Ideal City remains Aristotelian.
The Polymaths, Rationalist Thinkers and the Millennium: A Battle of Computers
Authors: Breteau Jean-Louis
Published: February 2020

Pendant la période du Commonwealth et les premières années de la Restauration, les philosophes, théologiens et savants anglais qui essayaient de défendre les droits de la raison contre la marée enthousiaste des sectes et simultanément d'entrer en dialogue avec les penseurs juifs, se montraient souvent hostiles au millénarisme. Cependant, à l'approche de la fin du siècle, lorsque la passion millénariste commença à s'estomper rapidement, leur interprétation des prophéties bibliques se mit paradoxalement à intégrer de plus en plus la possibilité du millénarisme.

En tout état de cause, ils continuèrent comme précédemment à faire largement appel au même type de calculs savants élaborés dans leur impressionnants travaux par les humanistes du seizième siècle ou les polygraphes contemporains. Ces stratégies peuvent trouver une illustration assez révélatrice dans les commentaires qu'ont fournis respectivement Cudworth, More et Newton des livres de Daniel et de l'Apocalypse.
Millennium and Revolution : the Rule of the Saints in the English Revolutionary Discourse of the 1640s
Authors: Tuttle Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Cet article examine les contextes idéologiques dans lesquels la pensée millénariste s'épanouit chez les partisans d'une victoire parlementaire pendant les années d'incertitude politique qui précédèrent l'exécution de Charles I en 1649. Différents groupes s'approprièrent alors l'idée force que "le règne des saints" allait s'établir et s'en servirent en fonction de leurs besoins politiques. Or, c'est cet affrontement idéologique qui finit par entacher la crédibilité de la croyance millénariste elle-même. La vision du peuple de Dieu en marche vers la pureté des temps derniers se réduisit au credo d'une minorité que sa faiblesse voua à la clandestinité et aux complots désespérés.
John Locke's State of Nature as Utopian Ideal
Authors: Rogers Graham Alan John
Published: February 2020

Il est peu probable que Locke soit une source en matière de pensée millénariste ou d'utopie. Mais il y a des aspects de sa théologie et de sa philosophie politique que l'on pourrait néanmoins mieux comprendre sous cet angle. Premièrement, il faut se rappeler que Locke était un chrétien anglican qui acceptait la Bible comme source de la révélation concernant les vérités théologiques centrales. La Bible avait révélé qu'il y aurait un Second Avènement qui viendrait après la conversion des Juifs et qui serait suivi par un Jour du Jugement. Locke avait même exploré les possibilités de fixer des dates pour ces événements. Quant à la théorie politique, l'interprétation donnée par Locke à l'état de nature se trouvait profondément liée à sa théologie et on peut la considérer comme un idéal utopique permettant de mesurer le succès plus ou moins grand des systèmes politiques réels. On pourrait donc voir dans sa théorie politique une tentative pour présenter un modèle de société idéale si l'on admet la vérité théologique de la Chute.
Sudisme et millénarisme aux Etats-Unis au XIXe siècle
Authors: Dessens Nathalie
Published: February 2020

There were several millenialist movements in the nineteenth century South, as in the rest of the United States. The most interesting millenialist reactions, though, were the religious and secular manifestations related to what is called Southernism, that is to say the specific ideology which developed in the South in the second third of the nineteenth century and which reached important ethical and mythic dimensions. This study aims at examining the various manifestations of those millenialist reactions, linked first with the literal interpretation of the Bible used to vindicate the Peculiar Institution, but also with a certain vision of Manifest destiny and the Utopian project to create a large Southern Nation expanding to part of Latin America, which reached its climax with the nationalistic proclamation of the secession of the Southern States and the creation of the Southern Confederacy. The final question will be that of the part played by that secular millenialism in the development of the Southern Myth, as compared with other similar societies of the American continent, which have apparently not given birth to an elaborate mythical vision.
Le Tout et les parties : Addition, reproduction, création
Authors: Cavailles Roger
Published: February 2020

A first version of the parts-whole dialectics is found in the analytic and reductionist rationalism of classical science, based on the logic of addition. The whole is then nothing but the sum of its parts. This logic rules Cartesian mechanicalism and applies only to «complicated» systems, reducible to simple elements.

Leibniz's Monadology puts forward a new logic in which parts are approximately similar to the whole. This logic of reproduction still triumphs nowadays in fractal geometry with its notion of self-similarity.

Systemic thought, taking into account complex systems, implements a third type of logic (and a third meaning) of the relation : that of emergence and creation, expressed by von Bertalanffy in his General Systems Theory. The whole is thus different from, and more than, the sum of its parts.

Addition, reproduction and creation thus trace the evolution of the epistemes that have shaped scientific thought.