bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute encephalitis with flaccid paralysis following an adenoviral infection presenting as a rare variant of Guillain Barre syndrome in a school-age child
Authors: Loni Ramaning , Alsindi Aysha Mohammed , Alfaw Amina Ali , Fox Gabriel Padraigh , Abbas Ittrat , Lambert Imlelda Mary , Lynch Bryan
Published: July 2024

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), and Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) are syndromes which represent a spectrum of post-infectious inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. They may share a common autoimmune pathogenetic mechanism presenting with progressive ascending weakness or flaccid paralysis affecting both pediatric as well as adult populations. MFS and BBE are rare variants of GBS that should be part of the differential diagnosis when relevant features are present. We present a case of a 6-year-old boy, presenting with a sore throat of one-day duration, associated with difficulty in swallowing, increased salivation and drooling, inability to speak or swallow following an adenoviral upper respiratory infection with exudative tonsillitis and diarrhea. Clinical evaluation showed weak gag reflex and cough reflex, hyperreflexia without clonus, upgoing Babinski reflexes, and hypotonia. A diagnosis of BBE was made based on specific neurological manifestations of hyperreflexia and drowsiness, serological studies, and MRI findings.
Determinants of measles-rubella vaccine second dose uptake among 24 to 35 month-old children in Wajir Town, Kenya
Authors: Mohamed Musa A. , Nyagero Josephat M. , Matiangi Micah O.
Published: July 2024

Background: Two vaccine doses can prevent measles and rubella (MR2); achieving ≥95% coverage is crucial for effective population immunity. Low MR2 uptake is linked to increased measles outbreaks. With only 57.1% MR2 uptake, Kenya reported 1,775 measles cases in 2021. This study evaluates MR2 uptake and its determinants among 24-35-month-old children in Wajir town.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed using cluster sampling in Wajir town, Wajir East sub-county, in December 2023. Parents of 399 children aged 24-35 months were interviewed using a pretested and predesigned questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS V27. Socio-demographic characteristics were summarized in proportions. COR, aOR, and 95% Confidence Intervals measured association and significance. The analysis was two-tailed with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: The study included 399 children with a median age of 25 months (interquartile range 24-29). MR2 uptake was 49.6%. Statistically significant predictors of MR2 uptake were parents' or guardians' occupation (aOR 2.85, 95% CI=1.18, 6.87, p=0.020), knowledge of the number of measles vaccines (aOR 16.05, 95% CI=4.16, 62.87, p<0.001), and the child’s gender (aOR 3.9, 95% CI=1.81, 7.86, p<0.001). Inadequate awareness about MR2 was the primary reason for not vaccinating children.
Conclusions: MR2 uptake was low compared to the WHO-recommended target of ≥95%. The parents’ occupation, knowledge of the vaccine schedule, and the child’s gender determined MR2 uptake. The Wajir County Department of Health should carry out targeted knowledge-creation for parents/guardians and gender-aligned advocacy to improve MR2 uptake.
Evaluating the efficacy of rehabilitation outcomes of the femoral neck system in treating femoral neck fractures: a two-year prospective study
Authors: Kale Sachin , Patil Bhushan , Srivastava Abhilash , Mehta Nrupam , Shah Varmit , Chalak Ajit , Bhor Pramod , Kanade Gaurav , Khatod Garvit , Patnaik Jayesh
Published: July 2024

Background: Femoral neck fractures are prevalent among the elderly, and the femoral neck system (FNS), introduced in 2017, provides a minimally invasive treatment option with a dynamic bolt feature that enhances stability and facilitates early mobilization.
Methods: This study involved 30 patients with femoral neck fractures treated with FNS at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital from January 2021 to February 2023. The patients, aged 45-85 years, adhered to a structured rehabilitation protocol. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Harris hip score (HHS) over 2-year follow-up period.
Results: The cohort consisted of 30 patients (mean age: 65±10 years; 70% male). Fractures were classified as Pauwels I (30%), Pauwels II (40%), and Pauwels III (30%). At the final follow-up, 27 patients (90%) achieved union. The HHS improved significantly from a mean of 35±10 preoperatively to 85±15 postoperatively. Complications included one implant failure, one instance of limb shortening, and one case of avascular necrosis.
Conclusions: The FNS is a safe and effective treatment for femoral neck fractures, promoting early weight-bearing and joint mobilization, leading to improved functional outcomes and reduced complications.
Mechanisms of action of native collagen type II and Aflapin® on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and their evidences
Authors: Verma Rakesh , Nath Rohit , Dhadiwal Rajesh K. , Daftary Gautam V. , Jolapara Mital A. , Shah Raj A. , Patil Nikita N.
Published: July 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and chronic inflammatory disease that affects the entire joint tissue such as articular cartilage, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, and ligaments. Imbalance between anabolism and catabolism lead to degradation of articular cartilage which may further initiate inflammatory cascades. There is an interplay of mechanical and immune-mediated injuries that lead to cartilage destruction and inflammation in OA. The mainstay of OA treatment involves drugs like paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which provide symptomatic relief in many cases; but are unable to inhibit disease progression. Also, long-term use of these drugs, is associated with major safety concerns. Native collagen type II (NC-II) and Aflapin, especially when used in combination, can slow down the disease progression in OA and serve as a safer and effective treatment option for OA. NC-II is non-hydrolyzed collagen having intact triple helix structure with active epitopes and antigenicity. Aflapin is a novel synergistic composition of Boswellia serrata gum resin having higher composition of 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-betaboswellic acid (AKBA). Various experimental studies have demonstrated the mechanisms by which both these agents exert their benefit in OA. Further, multiple clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of NC-II and Aflapin, when used individually or as a combination. This is a narrative review of the pathophysiology of OA, current treatment modalities, and non-clinical and clinical evidence of the beneficial effects of NC-II and Aflapin in the management of OA.
Estimación del factor de aplanamiento de la inclinación magnética y sus implicaciones en los modelos tectónicos del Jurásico en la margen NW de Suramérica
Authors: Rodríguez-Chavarro Santiago , Jiménez Giovanny , Goyes-Peñafiel Paul
Published: July 2024

Las reconstrucciones paleogeográficas y los modelos tectónicos se complementan con el paleomagnetismo, ya que las rotaciones son calculadas con base en la declinación magnética y las paleolatitudes se derivan de la inclinación magnética. Los procesos de enterramiento y compactación en rocas siliciclásticas pueden causar aplanamiento de la inclinación y por tanto una subestimación de la paleolatitud. Aunque diferentes técnicas se han propuesto para calcular el factor del aplanamiento, estas requieren conjuntos de datos significativamente altos y procesos de laboratorio tediosos o sofisticados. Este trabajo propone calcular el factor de aplanamiento de la inclinación magnética mediante la combinación de técnicas rutinarias como la Anisotropía de la Susceptibilidad Magnética (ASM) y el paleomagnetismo. Se reportan resultados de ASM en 63 muestras del Grupo Girón, como complemento para el cálculo de la corrección de la inclinación magnética para un total de 103 sitios en rocas del Triásico al Cenozoico distribuidos en la Cordillera Oriental, Macizo de Santander y Catatumbo. Se aplicaron 4 filtros a los datos disponibles y se elaboraron 4 modelos curve fit. El valor medio del factor de aplanamiento calculado muestra un factor de 1,04 ± 0,6, sugiriendo que la inclinación magnética no ha sido afectada por aplanamiento y los valores de las paleolatitudes no varían significativamente. Un error tan alto se debe a que hay una mezcla de 2 grupos de datos, uno con inclinaciones someras y latitudes cercanas a su posición actual y otro con inclinaciones mayores y latitudes en el hemisferio sur. Por esto, se aplicó un filtro de inclinaciones muy altas y bajas, dejando las intermedias, obteniendo un nuevo factor de aplanamiento de 0,93 ± 0,22. El método de corrección usando el filtro de inclinaciones muy altas y bajas en datos de la Cordillera Oriental es efectivo para corregir inclinaciones intermedias-altas en rocas del Jurásico Inferior.
Eventos anómalos de resistividad aparente del 2018 al 2021 y su posible asociación con la actividad sísmica del Nido de Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Alba-Quintero Nathaly , Vargas Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2024

Tres estaciones magnetotelúricas, ubicadas sobre la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y pertenecientes a la Red Geofísica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (TUNJ, USME y VCIO), han sido utilizadas para detectar anomalías espaciales y temporales de la resistividad aparente a una profundidad superior a 200 km, en el período abril de 2018 hasta junio de 2021. A partir de este monitoreo se observó que existen anomalías transitorias horas antes de la crisis sísmica del 23 de abril de 2018 en el Nido Sísmico de Bucaramanga (NSB). Dentro de los principales hallazgos de este trabajo, se pudo identificar una posible asociación entre anomalías de resistividad aparente previas o durante cuatro eventos sísmicos con 3,3 ≤ Mw < 4,3 a una profundidad de 115 ≤ H < 154 km el 23 de abril de 2018. La asociación entre anomalías de resistividad y eventos sísmicos se explica por otros autores como un proceso de migración de fluidos, el cual genera presión de poro que supera el esfuerzo efectivo y provoca el fracturamiento dentro del NSB.
Caracterización petrofísica del reservorio en el yacimiento Santa Cruz en Cuba
Authors: Castro-Castiñeira Olga , Reyes-Paredes Odalys , Brey del Rey Dania , Hernández-Pérez Luismel
Published: July 2024

En la Franja Norte Petrolera Cubana aparece un grupo de yacimientos con reservorios carbonatados, pertenecientes a las formaciones del Grupo Veloz, dentro de la Unidad Tectono Estratigráfica Placetas. Tienen una historia común, donde su composición es similar. Sin embargo, las propiedades varían de un yacimiento a otro y dentro de un mismo yacimiento, para diferente posición de los pozos. A partir de esta realidad, se han realizado diferentes estudios, que han descubierto los factores que pueden mejorar o impedir las producciones. La geología compleja de pliegues y escamas juega un papel importante en las diferencias, donde una fracturación estructurada mejora la permeabilidad de las rocas. El presente trabajo se desarrolla en el yacimiento Santa Cruz, en los pozos ubicados en los tres bloques que lo constituyen, luego de seleccionar un grupo de pozos claves, representativos de cada bloque, que cuentan con un set de registros convencionales completo en el reservorio, el registro de imágenes eléctricas de pared de pozo (FMI) y la litología descrita en los pozos mediante los ripios de la perforación. El objetivo principal fue caracterizar el reservorio del yacimiento por petrofísica. Como resultado se calcularon las propiedades de reservorio: volumen de arcilla, porosidad efectiva, saturación de agua y espesores efectivos luego de establecer los valores límites o cut off en cada sector o bloque. Por último, se evaluaron las propiedades geomecánicas en un pozo clave.
Mineralogía de procesos de un concentrado de monacita producto de la minería de oro (El Bagre, Colombia)
Authors: Correa-Rodríguez Verónica , Pinto-Molina Jorge Oneal , Barrientos-Benjumea Sebastián , Ocampo-Carmona Luz Marina , Márquez-Godoy Marco Antonio
Published: July 2024

En el beneficio del oro aluvial se dan procesos de concentración de minerales pesados, muchos de ellos de gran interés económico. Dentro de estos, la monacita es uno de los más preciados, ya que se trata de un ortofosfato anhidro de elementos de las tierras raras (ETRs), conocidos por poseer extraordinarias propiedades catalíticas, eléctricas, magnéticas y ópticas. Para este trabajo fueron utilizadas muestras de concentrado procedentes de las colas de proceso de una operación aluvial de oro en El Bagre, Antioquia. A la muestra se le practicaron procesos de concentración gravimétrica, separación magnética y electrostática, con el fin de obtener un concentrado de monacita lo más puro posible. Para optimizar la caracterización mineralógica, el concentrado fue separado en varias fracciones granulométricas, de las cuales fueron seleccionados los granos de las fracciones más gruesas mediante lupa binocular, para ser posteriormente analizados por FTIR y SEM, como soporte, para la interpretación de resultados de DRX. Se encontraron seis fases minerales principales: monacita, clinocloro, almandino, clinozoisita, zircón y ferroactinolita. También, se identificaron otros minerales en cantidades menores como la calcita, flogopita, siderita, dolomita, cuarzo, ferrosilita y cromita, lo que muestra que el proceso de concentración no fue eficiente y podría tener efectos negativos en los procesos de extracción de ETRs, lo cual resulta en productos impuros. En este sentido, se proponen mejoras al proceso de concentración de monacita actual, con base en los resultados de la mineralogía del proceso y en las diferencias de sus susceptibilidades gravimétricas, magnéticas y electrostáticas.
Caracterización metalográfica y microtermométrica del proyecto Estrella-Diamantina, distrito minero Remedios-Segovia-Zaragoza, Antioquia-Colombia
Authors: Aguirre-Murillo Isabella , Franco-Hernández Esteban , Naranjo-Sierra Edwin
Published: July 2024

El proyecto de exploración Estrella-Diamantina se encuentra localizado en el flanco oriental de la Cordillera Central, en el sector norte del distrito minero Remedios-Segovia-Zaragoza (DMRSZ), al oeste del sistema de fallas Otú-Pericos, y hospedado en rocas metamórficas del Complejo Cajamarca. Las características de los fluidos mineralizantes fueron analizadas usando petrografía de minerales de mena y alteración, complementado con un análisis de ICP-MS. La evolución composicional y termal de los fluidos mineralizantes fue interpretada con base en la petrografía de inclusiones fluidas y en un análisis microtermométrico. Los análisis de geoquímica multielemental permitieron identificar las asociaciones Au-Ag, Au-Pb, Au-Zn y Au±Cu. Se definieron cuatro etapas mineralizantes: la primera etapa está caracterizada por Qz1+Py1+Ccp1+Po+Cbn con temperaturas de homogenización entre 188,6° y 225°C y salinidades entre 3,14% y 12,05% (%wt NaCl equiv.). La segunda y principal etapa mineralizante está caracterizada por Qz2+Cal1+Py1+Ccp2+Po+Gn1+Sp+Au1, con temperaturas entre 159,2° y 210°C y salinidades menores a 9,86% (%wt NaCl equiv.). La tercera etapa mineralizante está representada por Qz3+Qz4+Gn2+Au2±Mk con temperaturas que oscilan entre 157° y 204°C y salinidades de 0,88% y 8,8% (%wt NaCl equiv.). La cuarta etapa mineralizante y el cierre del sistema está caracterizado por vetillas de Cal2+Py3, con temperaturas desde 103,8°C hasta 140°C y salinidades entre 0,18% y 3,71% (%wt NaCl equiv.). La asociación mineralógica indica que el fluido mineralizante era neutro a ligeramente alcalino y relativamente reducido con base en la ausencia de hematita y la coexistencia de pirita y clorita. Bajo estas condiciones, los iones HS2 o HS- fueron las especies de sulfuro dominantes en el fluido hidrotermal y, consecuentemente, los iones complejos Au (HS)2- o Au (HS) fueron probablemente los iones complejos para el transporte del oro. Con base en los resultados presentados aquí, el sistema vetiforme mineralizado Estrella-Diamantina muestra características similares a los depósitos de oro orogénico.
Carl Degenhardt y algunos de los primeros fósiles reportados para Colombia (Suramérica)
Authors: Patarroyo Pedro
Published: July 2024

La formación en geología de Carl Degenhardt (1805?-1849) le ayudó a llegar a Colombia de la mano de una compañía minera inglesa a mediados del siglo XIX. Sus recorridos desde la costa norte hasta Marmato (centro de Colombia) y desde este sector hacia otras regiones le permitieron reconocer, describir y recolectar numerosas muestras minerales, rocas y fósiles. Eventualmente estas observaciones fueron compartidas con Alexander von Humboldt, las cuales fueron publicadas por el mismo y por diferentes autores, proporcionando información valiosa para el inicio del conocimiento en geología de nuestro país. Carl Deganhardt colectó Buchotrigonia abrupta (=Trigonia abrupta), Stoyanowiceras aequatorialis (=Ammonites aequatorialis) y Toxancyloceras degenhardtii (=Hamites degenhardtii), que son algunos de los primeros fósiles reportados para Colombia por Leopold von Buch.
Exploring the experience of a hospital care strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Cantor-Cruz Francy , Benavides-Cruz Johana , Erazo-Munoz Marcela , Herrera-Alvárez Juan Sebastián , Torres-Hernandez Marina Alejandra , Castillo-Gutiérrez Ana María , Aranguren-Aranguren Diana Patricia , Acosta-Martínez Adriana
Published: July 2024

Introduction: At the hospital level, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required biosafety measures which negatively affected person-centered care. Objective: Describe patients, relatives, and healthcare teams’ experience with virtual and face-to-face accompaniment strategy in hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out, where 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted (10 patients, 10 relatives and 12 professionals). The information was analyzed following Colaizzi’s method, considering three moments: before, during and after the strategy. Results: It was found that the experience before the implementation was permeated by negative perceptions regarding the care process; during the implementation, the experience changed mostly as a positive and restorative experience; and after the implementation, the strategy was rated as useful and effective. Discussion: The findings obtained in this study are similar to those reported in the literature. The restriction of visits in hospital services produced psychological symptoms, stress and affectation in the family and social area in all people. In health personnel, there was evidence of workload and emotional affectation. Likewise, it confirms that the implementation of accompaniment strategies has a positive effect on the restoration of family-patient-health personnel communication and the care of psychosocial needs. Conclusion: In a pandemic situation, it is feasible to maintain the person-centered care in the hospital guaranteeing warmth, well-being, and effective communication between patients, relatives and healthcare teams.
La equidad de género en el personal de salud: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Cote-Peña Claudia Patricia , Cortés-Aguilar Alexandra , Cárdenas Greissly
Published: July 2024

Introducción: el sector salud representa una de las actividades económicas más feminizadas, no obstante, se presentan amplias brechas de género entre los trabajadores y trabajadoras del sector. Objetivo: este trabajo busca caracterizar e identificar los obstáculos presentes en el sector de la salud en términos de equidad de género. Metodología: para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura en donde se recopilaron 52 estudios empleando diferentes repositorios y bases de datos bibliográficas. Resultados: los resultados exhiben que, si bien las mujeres representan la mayor parte del personal sanitario en el mundo, enfrentan obstáculos para alcanzar puestos de liderazgo, igualdad en la remuneración, recibir reconocimiento y apoyo, acceder a ciertas especialidades, entre otros desafíos para participar en el sector en condiciones de igualdad. Conclusiones: la sola participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral no es suficiente para lograr la igualdad. Es necesario contar con respaldo institucional, transformar la cultura dentro de las organizaciones y destacar la importancia de la perspectiva de género en todos los ámbitos, proponiendo medidas concretas para abordar las disparidades existentes.
Contaminación bacteriana y fúngica del aire interior y su relación con el síndrome del edificio enfermo
Authors: Ávila-Durán Laura Yinneth , Blanco-Flórez Erika Julieth , Lizarazo-Forero Luz Marina
Published: July 2024

Introducción: el síndrome del edificio enfermo se ha asociado con la ocupación de edificios de oficinas. Las causas del syndrome son factores que actúan en combinación, destacándose la microbiota que se propaga por el aire u otros elementos, o por las personas a varias áreas del edificio. Objetivo: determinar la composición fúngica y bacteriana y su relación con parámetros ambientales de temperatura y humedad relativa, y sintomatología asociada al síndrome del edificio enfermo. Metodología: se tomaron muestras en la oficina de almacén e inventario, espacio subdividido en seis sectores de aproximadamente 8,6 m2 cada uno. Se empleó un impactador de aire para la estimación cuantitativa de bacterias y hongos y se registraron datos de temperatura y humedad relativa. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos semanales, con 144 muestras en total. Se encuestó a los funcionarios sobre síntomas asociados al síndrome del edificio enfermo. Resultados: las concentraciones microbianas estuvieron dentro de los límites recomendados para ambientes interiores. Se halló una mayor concentración bacteriana (x̄ = 54,39 ± 54,51 UFC / m3) con ocho especies, las más frecuentes fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus y Staphylococcus aureus. Los hongos presentaron menor abundancia, pero mayor diversidad, con 23 géneros, entre los que sobresalen Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., y Rhizopus sp. Se estableció relación entre la exposición al aerosol microbiano, ocupación y los parámetros ambientales registrados. Conclusiones: la combinación de datos de carga microbiana en interiores con los efectos sobre la salud causados por la inhalación de microorganismos específicos en aerosoles permitirá evaluar diversos riesgos de salud para los trabajadores.
El primer estudio de casos y controles en Colombia
Authors: Idrovo Alvaro J
Published: July 2024

Dentro de los múltiples diseños epidemiológicos los estudios de casos y controles tienen un lugar muy especial, pues son los únicos originados propiamente en la epidemiología. Mientras los otros diseños tienen orígenes compartidos con otras disciplinas, la especificidad de estudiar factores de riesgo de casos de enfermedad llevó a tener una aproximación particular casi exclusiva de la epidemiología, que se concretó en el diseño de casos y controles1. Es bien conocido que los orígenes de estos estudios se pueden rastrear en la historia de la medicina, en especial con hechos como la diferenciación de las enfermedades con base en los signos y síntomas, iniciado por Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), y la comprensión de las enfermedades basadas en el estudio de casos o “método numérico”, promulgado por Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis (1788-1875). Sin embargo, el primer estudio propiamente de casos y controles se atribuye a Janet Lane-Clayton, quien en 1926 usó el diseño para explorar las causas del cáncer de mama2. También es interesante señalar que Ernest Greenwood hacia 1945 realizó unos “experimentos ex post facto efecto-causa”, que podrían denominarse estudios de casos y controles, para explorar causas de la delincuencia juvenil3, hito en la experimentación en sociología.
COVID-19 Infection: From the Beginning to Now
Authors: Fekrvand Saba
Published: July 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Immunogenicity of the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (BBIBPCorV) in Hemodialysis Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Fereidouni Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Background: Studies have shown that immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines are impaired in dialysis patients, which may affect their immunity to vaccines. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate SARS-COV-2 neutralizing antibodies in hemodialysis patients for 2 and 6 weeks after receiving inactivated Sinopharm vaccine.
Method: In this study, 172 people were divided into two groups. The first group included 108 hemodialysis patients, while the second group included 64 health workers as a control group. To evaluate SARS-COV-2 neutralizing antibody titers, peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants 2 and 6 weeks after receiving the second dose of the Sinopharm vaccine. Samples were centrifuged, and the neutralizing antibody against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) was determined using the indirect ELISA technique.
Results: Hemodialysis patients had lower IgG-neutralizing antibody titers than the control group (P <0.001). The titers of SARS-COV-2 neutralizing antibodies were not significantly different at two weeks compared to six weeks after vaccination (P=0.9204). Our findings showed a significant increase in titers of IgGneutralizing antibodies after vaccination in people with a history of COVID-19 (P=0.002). The seropositivity rate for neutralizing antibodies against RBD was significantly different between seropositive (immune) and seronegative (non-immune) patients six weeks after vaccination (P=0.022).
Conclusion: The titers of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-COV-2 were lower in hemodialysis patients than in healthy individuals. This is probably due to the poor immune system. However, patients who received two doses of inactivated Sinopharm vaccine showed a higher antibody titer six weeks after vaccination.
Comparison of the Effect of Fenugreek and Metformin on Clinical and Metabolic Status of Cases with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mirgaloybayat Shahla , Akbari Sene Azadeh , Jayervand Fatemeh , Vazirian Mahdi , Mohazzab Arash , Kazerooni Mitra
Published: July 2024

Background: It is hypothesized that fenugreek seeds are a rich source of fiber with anti-diabetic effects, which can help to lower blood glucose in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, the clinical and metabolic effects of fenugreek were compared to those of metformin in women with PCOS aged 16-40 years.
Methods: In a randomized, triple-blind, parallel clinical trial, the efficacy of fenugreek 333 mg (n=55) was compared with metformin 500 mg (n=55), both administered three times a day in women with PCOS of reproductive age. Changes in some clinical outcomes and metabolic laboratory profile outcomes were evaluated at baseline and two months after the study.
Results: By the end of the intervention period, all investigated factors improved significantly in patients of both groups (p<0.05). Reduction in biometric indices (body mass index and waist–hip ratio), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin resistance was significantly higher after metformin consumption (p<0.001). Metformin also significantly improved irregular menstruation (p=0.02). In contrast, fenugreek significantly improved patients' lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) compared to metformin (p<0.001). Both interventions improved the patient's hair loss and hirsutism.
Conclusion: Fenugreek cannot substitute metformin in PCOS treatment. However, regarding its lipid-lowering ability and low frequency of adverse effects, it can be used as an adjuvant treatment in PCOS, especially in PCOS patients with hyperlipidemia and severe hair loss.
AI-Driven Vulnerability Management and Automated Threat Mitigation
Authors: Komaragiri Venkata Bhardwaj , Edward Andrew
Published: July 2024

Corporate networks face an increasing number, diversity, and sophistication of threats. Classical perimeter security mechanisms are less effective or even counter-productive. Continuous vulnerability management becomes a crucial task. AI-based machine learning and data mining techniques have been shown to improve vulnerability prediction and prioritization. To close the feedback loop, they can also be applied to evaluate and mitigate identified vulnerabilities by predicting associated risk scores and suggesting remediation measures. Overall, AI-driven vulnerability management can automate most steps of the Risk Management Framework prescribed by the United States National Institute of Standards. While AI-based prediction models and tools are evaluated on datasets such as the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), performance evaluation is limited by the available data. More complex risk prediction models require richer datasets and, thus, involve machine learning models that are more demanding on enterprise data privacy policies and, consequently, are difficult to assess. Still, AI-driven threat management can ensure that the "security rodent race" is in favor of the enterprise.
Economic Impacts of AI-Driven Automation in Financial Services
Authors: Babatunde Adeyeri Toluwani
Published: July 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven automation is increasingly transforming the financial services industry, promising significant economic benefits such as enhanced efficiency, cost reductions, and improved customer experiences. This research paper delves into the economic impacts of AI-driven automation within this sector, examining both the positive and negative ramifications. The literature review provides a historical context of automation in financial services and discusses contemporary AI technologies like machine learning and robotic process automation that are pivotal in this transformation.
The paper identifies several positive economic impacts, including increased productivity, cost savings, enhanced accuracy, and better customer service. However, it also addresses negative impacts, notably job displacement, security and privacy concerns, and economic inequality. Through detailed case studies of major financial institutions that have successfully implemented AI, the research highlights real-world economic outcomes, best practices, and lessons learned.
Challenges associated with AI-driven automation, such as technical and operational hurdles, regulatory compliance, and ethical considerations, are thoroughly analyzed. The paper also explores future prospects, suggesting that while AI advancements hold great potential for further transformation of financial services, careful management of long-term economic implications is essential. Policy recommendations include investing in workforce retraining and education to prepare for the evolving job market.
This comprehensive study aims to provide a balanced perspective on the economic impacts of AI-driven automation in financial services, offering insights into how the industry can leverage AI for growth and innovation while addressing associated challenges and ensuring a sustainable and inclusive future.
Human Rights: Experiences and Educational Practices
Authors: Vasquez Bedoya Marizabel
Published: July 2024

Human rights, therefore, are indispensable freedoms that accrue to every human being, irrespective of citizenship, ethnic background, or other characteristics. It is true that all these rights are known globally, but the chances of people realizing and enjoying them can differ significantly depending on the region and specific society. These gaps in knowledge are considered in this research article by discussing the various, differentiated experiences in regard to human rights, more specifically by pointing to incidents of human rights’ abuse and improvement across different regions. Moreover, the given article explores the centrality of education in raising awareness and cherishing human rights.HRE, as a part of educational practices, can raise awareness, foster empathy, and, thereby, actively contribute to individuals’ ability to stand up for themselves and others.
Therefore, through teaching and learning human rights, the incorporation of human rights topics in education curriculum, teaching critical thinking, and establishing values for empathy, HRE seeks to transform society into one that respects and protects the human rights of every individual. This paper explores the historical past, various problems in present society, as well as the experience of HRE implementation that occurred in different countries at different times, its outcomes, and perspectives for further transformations in society.In the last place, the author presents the recommendations that can help improve HRE, discussing the role of international support, advocacy, and efficient teacher training. This way, HRE helps build a desirable future for humanity’s generations to come by preparing them for the combating of human rights issues.
Reflections about education, memory and human rights
Authors: Vásquez Bedoya Marizabel
Published: July 2024

Education, memory, and human rights form the subject of this research article in order to evaluate the critical role of education practice in recalling and enhancing human rights. In totality, the research brings into focus the significance of education when it comes to explaining history, self, and the world within which we live through the evaluation of ancient and current case studies. This article focuses on the exploration of notions relating to human rights education, including its objectives and approaches, as well as the effects of the implementation of human rights education in societies. By using examples of HRE implementation in Germany, South Africa, and Chile, it explains successful practices and impacts on the culture of remembrance and human rights. The article also covers the difficulties of providing good HRE, including lack of resources, political impetus, and, to some extent, the assimilation needs of teachers. Based on the analysis of the current status of HRE programs, it provides valuable suggestions for the improvement of HRE programs globally and especially stresses the acknowledgement and support from the international community and organizations. This research notes that the practice of disseminating human rights information for curricula in various countries across the globe remains vital in making the next generation of leaders agents of justice and equality, hence enhancing justice in society.
Different perspectives on Latin American identity
Authors: Vásquez Bedoya Marizabel
Published: July 2024

The given research article deals with the discussion of issues concerning the identity of the Latin American people by examining its history and cultural representations as well as modern perceptions. Latin American people had a mixture of cultures in their own identity, as many ethnicities, such as pre-Columbian civilizations, colonial Europe, Africans, and contemporary socio-political movements, influenced them. To undertake this investigation, the study explores diverse multicultural views originating from different regions and people from social, political, and ethnic origins to acquire a perfect understanding of what it means to be a Latin American individual. This is evident in demonstrating the influence of the colonial past, the rich heritage of indigenous and African communities, and the dynamic nature of identity in provoking the problems of the present day as characterized by globalization, immigration, and change in leadership. Based on the case studies of Brazil, Mexico, and Bolivia, the article emphasizes that despite the diverse members of the region’s population, the residents continue to strive to create a united Latin American subject. The conclusion reiterates the authors’ approach to embracing this complex history and the fight for social justice in creating a united and integrated Latin American people.
An Aggregation of the Pandalid Shrimp, Heterocarpus ensifer, on Deep Reef Habitats of the West Florida Slope, Eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ross Steve
Published: July 2024

Heterocarpus ensifer A. Milne—Edwards (1881) (Crustacea: Pandalidae), armed nylon shrimp, is widely distributed in the western and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. In the western Atlantic this shrimp occurs from off North Carolina to Brazil and in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), western Bahamas, and Caribbean Sea at depths of 170—885 m. Despite its widespread occurrence, ecology or biology information for this species are sparse, and in situ observations of abundance, behavior and habitat preferences are particularly lacking. During extensive submersible and ROV observations on and near deep—reefs in the north—central and eastern GOM, a remarkably large aggregation of H. ensifer was observed on the West Florida Slope (WFS). On one ROV dive it was estimated that thousands of these shrimp occupied an area m2. They were most abundant on transition (near reef) and prime high—profile reef habitats composed of dead and live Desmophyllum pertusum, sponges, rocks, and other coral species. Collected males (n=14) exhibited a broader size range, 17.74—33.72 mm CL, than females (n=12, 23.08— 30.15 mm CL); however, mean carapace length was similar for both sexes at 27.47 mm (females) and 26.40 mm (males). All but 3 collected females were ovigerous with Stage 1 embryos, and ROV video revealed that many of the shrimp were ovigerous females with clearly visible dark blue embryo masses on the abdomen. Evidence supports that the purpose of this aggregation was likely for mating and spawning. Although the frequency and locations of such aggregations are unknown, they are further indication of the importance of deep—sea complex habitats.
Mendalami Sistematis Ayat dan Surat Untuk Memantapkan Karakter Islami
Authors: Rahim Raficha , Putri Rahmadila , Arika Syahfitri
Published: July 2024

This research examines the systematic arrangement of verses and chapters in the Quran and its impact on shaping Islamic character, especially among Muslim children in Indonesia. The study focuses on whether this arrangement is tauqify, ijtihady, or both of them, aiming to understand its role and influence in forming a strong Islamic character.Knowledge of this systematic arrangement positively influences the formation of Islamic character in Muslim children. Amid technological advancements and easy access to information, a proper understanding of the structure of verses and chapters in the Quran can counter Orientalist views that doubt the Quran's arrangement. The research employs literature or library research, drawing from existing works and selecting relevant data.The method used in writing is qualitative. Findings indicate that the systematic arrangement of verses and chapters in the Quran is tauqify, and a good understanding significantly contributes to building a strong Islamic character among Muslim children in Indonesia. Consequently, this research makes a positive contribution to preserving the authenticity of Islamic teachings and strengthening the foundation of Islamic character in the younger generation.
Relevansi Pemaknaan Hijrah pada QS: An-Nisa' (4): 100: Studi atas Mufassir Abad Modern
Authors: Azis Fatkhurrohman Abdul
Published: July 2024

Hijrah as one of the phenomena recorded in the history of Islam during the time of the Prophet Muhammad Saw, is again associated by a number of Islamic preachers on social media. The conversation was prompted by the recent "humanitarian" tragedy between Israel and Palestine. At the same time, these preachers base their argument on QS an-Nisa' (4): 100 in addition to the historical context that is the background of the Prophet's hijrah. On this basis, this research aims to review the meaning of hijrah contained in QS an-Nisa' (4):100 through modern mufassirs. In this case, researchers try to place Tafsir al-Azhar and Tafsir al-Misbah as a representation of modern interpretation. Researchers used qualitative methods with content analysis of the two interpretations above. As a result, the two commentaries show an emphasis on the historical aspect of the hijrah carried out by the Prophet. On the other hand, both have different tendencies in seeing modern phenomena as a basis for historical significance to interpret the context of the Prophet's time. Hamka shows more assertiveness to "consider" the decision to hijrah which is interpreted by moving to a certain place or region, as the conditions experienced by the Prophet. In contrast to Quraish Shihab who plays a more descriptive role by not emphasizing the hijrah that occurred in the post-Nabian context.
Kajian Living Qur'an Surat At-Taubah Dalam Tradisi Mitoni Di Bulus Pesantren Kebumen
Authors: Bistara Raha , Indah Puspitasari Ayuni
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the Islamization of culture through the Mitoni tradition with the reading of verses of the Qur'an in the form of QS. At-Taubah in Klapasawit Village, Buluspesantren, Kebumen. This study aims to find out the mitoni procession with thereading of QS. At-Taubah and know the reasons and objectives of the QS election. At-Taubah which was read during the Mitoni Tradition in Klapasawit Village. This study uses a qualitative research method with the type of field research and uses phenomenological approach. The primary data source in this study is the local community who practice the Mitoni Tradition. The secondary data sources are in the form of information from books, books and journals related to the object of research. Data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. As a result of his research, the Mitoni Tradition procession began with a tasyakuran event in which QS read it. At-Taubah by seven people at the same time. After that, the procession continued at pregnant women who are being mitoni, making rujak, etc. The reason for the selection of QS. At-Taubah in the procession of the Mitoni Tradition in Klapasawit Village is because the meaning of the word at-Taubah itself means "forgiveness" or etymologically means "return". Thus, the purpose of the reading of QS. This at-Taubah is to remind, especially the pregnant woman to always return or repent to Allah so that her sins are forgiven and ask to always be given health and the safety of both mother and baby.
Corak Tafsir Maqashidi Dalam Tafsir Nazm Al-Durar Fi Tanasub Al-Ayat Wa Al-Suwar Karya Al-Biqa‘I
Authors: Wardatutsaniyah Tiara , Al Mufaddilah Ni'mah
Published: July 2024

Al-Biqa'i was a mufasir who lived around 809 Hijriyah. His work in the intellectual world has produced a book which has become a magnum opus, namely the book Nazm al-Durar fi Tanāsub al-Āyāt wa al-Suwar. In terms of methodology, Tafsir Al-Biqā'ī uses the method of interpreting the Al-Qur'an verse by verse and letter by letter sequentially according to the arrangement of the verses and letters in the Al-Qur'an (tahlili), with the style used being language (lughawi). This research uses qualitative methods with a library research approach. This article finds that there are interpretation styles other than linguistic styles, namely the maqashid style used by al-Biqa'i in interpreting the Al-Qur'an. Al-Biqa'i uses maqashid surah in his maqashid approach. Al-Biqa'i revealed that the surahs of the Qur'an have a main theme and other themes within them. The name of the surah is taken from the main theme of the surah. So according to al-Biqa'i, in finding the maqashid of a surah, you must know the theme contained in the surah and to find it, you need to review the contents of the surah by looking at the relationships in the Al-Qur'an.
Analisis Tindakan Sosial Max Weber Dalam Rutinitas Pembacaan Qs. Al-Anbiya':79 Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Fattah Kartasura
Authors: Izzul Haq Ahmad
Published: July 2024

This study applies Max Weber's concept of social action to analyze the routine of reading the verse Al-Anbiya':79 at the Al-Fattah Kartasura Islamic Boarding School. Weber differentiated social action into four main types: traditional, rational-affective, value, and goal-rational action. Through this approach, this research aims to understand the motivation and meaning behind the activity of reading the verse Al-Anbiya':79 in the religious context of Islamic boarding schools. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions play an important role in maintaining religious practices passed down from generation to generation. Weber's analysis reveals that reading the verse Al-Anbiya':79 can be understood as a traditional action carried out to maintain religious values and spirituality in the Islamic boarding school community. On the other hand, this action can also have a rational dimension towards the goal, such as getting blessings or obtaining blessings from God. The results of this study provide an overview of how religious values and traditions play a role in shaping daily life routines in Islamic boarding schools. The implication of this analysis is the importance of understanding how Islamic boarding schools as social institutions not only maintain traditions, but also adapt to modern values that are developing in contemporary society.
Pelaksanaan Manajemen Kewirausahaan Sosial Melalui Peternakan Generasi Lestari Farm Dalam Perspektif AlQur'an
Authors: Hardi Luthfi , Mahmud Hamidullah
Published: July 2024

Implementation (Actuating) as one of the functions and stages of management, is often interpreted as an effort to move or carry out. In an institution, organization or company, actuating can be interpreted as moving or giving direction to theresourcesin theinstitution,whether human resources or otherresources. Mobilizinghuman resources is a process that goes through starting from human resource planning, recruitment, education and training of human resources, as well as themotivation provided by those resources. while mobilizing otherresourcesis an effortto maximize the use of existing resources or mobilize organizational elements tocarry out all planned activities. In the context of implementing this management,the author discusses social entrepreneurship carried out by Generasi Lestari Farmwhich focuses on animal husbandry, namely sheep and goats. Socialentrepreneurship is a community-based alternative that hasthe potential to perfect the development process. combining innovative ideas for social change, carried out by applying business strategies and skills. And of course seeing how the social entrepreneurship journey process contains Islamic values as in the verses of theKoran which provide direction to Muslims to carry out a business or buying and selling (livestock) that is halal and good.
Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Using Laurel Extract and Investigation of the Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Taş Recep , Köroğlu Ebru , Karakuş Ahmet , Savaş Bülbül Ali , Akkuş Taş Nilay
Published: July 2024

Metal nanoparticles that are widely studied in optoelectronics, catalysis, medicine, and sensors offer remarkable optical and electronic properties. To address the cost and environmental concerns associated with their synthesis, this study employs an environmentally friendly method using Laureus nobilis extract to produce silver and zinc nanoparticles, which are prominent in nanotechnology. This study includes investigations of factors such as reaction time, AgNO3/laurel ratio, Zn(Ac)2·H2O/laurel ratio and temperature in nanoparticle biosynthesis to optimize the process. The next stage was set to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of these nanoparticles, specifically against the methylene blue dye under dark and UV light conditions. Parameters such as pollutant decomposition, degradation rate, catalyst stability, and nanoparticle recovery were analysed. Structural characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was performed using UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD techniques. The photocatalytic results showed significant degradation percentages for LB-AgNP (silver nanoparticles synthesized with Laureus nobilis extract) (97.5%) and LB-ZnNP (zinc nanoparticles synthesized with Laureus nobilis extract) (90.9%). LB-ZnNP showed superior performance. Therefore, LB-AgNP and LB-ZnNP are promising photocatalysts for water purification and the elimination of toxic organic pollutants.