bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funcionamiento cognitivo en personas mayores e influencia de variables socioeducativas - Resultados del Estudio ELES
Authors: González Mª Feli , Facal David , Yaguas Javier
Published: September 2021

El funcionamiento cognitivo experimenta cambios en las personas mayores. El grado de declive no es el mismo en todas las funciones cognitivas y otras variables, como el nivel educativo o el desempeño profesional a lo largo del ciclo vital, pueden hacer que dicho declive sea más lento. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de conocer el patrón de rendimiento cognitivo de las personas mayores de 50 años, teniendo en cuenta la influencia del nivel educativo y de la profesión. Los datos de esta investigación provienen del estudio piloto desarrollado en el Estudio Longitudinal Envejecer en España en el que se evaluó a una muestra representativa de la población española mayor no institucionalizada. Dentro del rendimiento cognitivo se evaluó el funcionamiento cognitivo global, la memoria verbal, la amplitud de memoria de trabajo, la velocidad viso-motora y el lenguaje. Se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos de edad en todas las variables. También se encontraron diferencias en los grupos según el nivel educativo y el tipo de profesión, que se mantenían al controlar la edad. Los estudios poblacionales permiten una perspectiva más global del rendimiento cognitivo de las personas mayores, así como del papel de los diferentes factores asociados al mismo.
El sí mismo desde la teoría de la identidad social
Authors: Canto Ortiz Jesús M. , Moral Toranzo Félix
Published: September 2021

La perspectiva de la identidad social en psicología social pretende explicar los fenómenos de grupos (intra e intergrupales). Aunque originariamente, la teoría de la identidad social de Tajfel (1984) se dedicará al análisis de las relaciones intergrupales, más recientemente, la teoría de la categorización del yo (Turner, 1999) analiza los procesos grupales, tanto en grupos pequeños como grandes. La perspectiva de la identidad social tiene implicaciones muy importantes en la definición de la psicología social, teniendo aportaciones significativas para comprender los procesos de grupos, la conducta colectiva y el autoconcepto y la personalidad.
Properties of coagulase-positive staphylococcal cells that make it difficult to diagnose and treat mastitis in cows
Authors: Grzeczka Arkadiusz , Niewitecki Wiesław
Published: September 2021

Coagulase-positive staphylococci are a group of bacteria that, among other things, cause inflammation of the udder in cows (mastitis). The identification of the species of staphylococcus causing the inflammation is crucial for the success of the treatment process due to the individual characteristics of the strains and even the characteristics of the bacterial population in the herd. However, through evolution, staphylococci have developed a number of processes that make species identification difficult. Knowledge of the actual cause of inflammation enables the selection of appropriate therapy, but despite advanced diagnostic techniques, erroneous results still occur. In this review, we present the current knowledge of mainly resistance mechanisms and how they affect the drug resistance of microorganisms. We also highlight the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of bovine mastitis.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretome - candidates for safe and effective therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Popis Małgorzata , Konwerska Aneta , Partyka Małgorzata , Wieczorkiewicz Maria , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Stefańska Katarzyna , Spaczyńska Julia , Golkar-Narenji Afsaneh , Jeseta Michal , Bukowska Dorota , Mozdziak Paul , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta
Published: September 2021

More than 80 diseases are currently classified as autoimmune, with a rising prevalence throughout the world. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classified as a systemic autoimmune disorder, but the exact pathogenesis of SLE remains elusive. Currently available treatment strategies offer only the possibility for disease remission making it essential to develop more effective and safer strategies for treatment. Recently MSCs are gaining attention as attractive therapeutic tools for autoimmune disease treatment. Special focus should be given to MSCs originated from perinatal tissues such as Wharton's jelly, as they present unique immunomodulatory properties and remarkably low immunogenicity. MSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects via direct cell-to-cell communication as well as in a paracrine manner, creating possibility to apply secretome of MSCs as an individual therapeutic tool. Although the secretome of MSCs has not yet been utilized in SLE treatment, its efficacy has been suggested in other disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease. Regular administration of paracrine factors derived from MSCs could potentially effect in significant reduction of SLE symptoms and in maintenance of disease remission.
Effectiveness of embryo transfer in cows - risk factors including in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos
Authors: Wieczorkiewicz Maria , Jaśkowski Jędrzej M. , Wichtowska Agnieszka , Olszewska-Tomczyk Monika , Jaśkowski Bartłomiej M.
Published: September 2021

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer is a biotech method with more than 50 years of history and an established position in cattle breeding. This procedure is beneficial in many ways, but it also carries a risk of failure. The study presents the overview of the most important risk factors that may affect conception rates in the course of embryo transfer, including the factors associated with the embryo sourcing (embryo production method, embryo quality, development stage and breed, embryo storage method), embryo transfer procedure (synchrony/asynchrony, embryo transfer difficulty, the time of the transcervical insemination gun passage, depth of embryo deposition, localization and structure of the corpus luteum relative to the follicle and both individual characteristics of donors and recipients (level of concentration of progesterone, the state of health of the udder, lactation level, body condition score and age) and some environmental factors.
Emotional Labour and Deviant Workplace Behaviour among Health Workers
Authors: Okhakhu Clement Osigwe , Adekunle Simon Ayo
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the influence of emotional labour on deviant workplace behaviour (DWB) among health workers in teaching hospitals. The data used have been collected from health workers in two government-owned teaching hospitals through a survey research design and have been analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The paper finds that superficial acting and deep acting are positively related to deviant workplace behaviour among health workers in teaching hospitals, and honest acting has negative but significant contributions to deviant workplace behaviour. The paper concludes that in order for teaching hospitals to achieve person–job fit, health workers in training should be exposed to the reality that they would be required to master their emotions to succeed in their practice. It is therefore recommended that the management of teaching hospitals as well as government organizations should ensure that rules and policies are enforced to curb certain deviant behaviours, which could otherwise easily become norms if taken for granted.
Corporate Board of Directors’ Attributes and Audit Fees
Authors: Sanyaolu Wasiu Abiodun , Tonade Abiola Mukaila , Adejumo Babatunde Titus
Published: September 2021

This study examines the effect of corporate board of directors’ attributes on audit fees for Nigerian listed Deposit Money Banks (DBMS). The study adopts an ex post facto research design and uses data on 10 deposit money banks sampled via purposive sampling technique using data spanning from 2012 to 2018. Results based on Generalized Method of Moment show that corporate board of directors’ proxies do not significantly influence audit fees of Nigerian deposit money banks. However, firm size and profitability are found to affect external audit fee significantly. The study therefore concludes that corporate boards of directors’ attributes do not individually significantly affect audit fees in Nigerian listed Deposit Money Banks. Arising from the findings, it is recommended that corporate governance practices should be strengthened so as to aid external audit.
Mediation in the Context of Law Acquaintance1
Authors: Martina Urbanová , Lenka Holá , Martin Lakomý
Published: September 2021

As mediation and its support across the European Union have been growing, we can assume that the public is better aware of this option of dispute resolution. The law acquaintance with the focus on mediation has not been studied extensively, although the identification of the current state is crucial for formulating the effective strategies for its broader use. The aim of this paper based on the quantitative survey on a representative sample in the Czech Republic is to examine the mediation awareness and its differences across individual characteristics. The statistical analysis identifies very low awareness of mediation and its aspects. Moreover, this knowledge is higher among people with higher education, among middle-aged people and older people living in bigger municipalities. Based on the findings, the authors suggest that targeted campaigns organised by the state should be conducted through the channels accessible to the sociodemographic groups with lower awareness of mediation.
Music in the Tourism Offering of Rural Regions (The Case of Eastern Croatia)
Authors: Rudan Elena , Stipanović Christian
Published: September 2021

Music is an important element of a destination’s integrated tourism product, especially in rural regions. This fact raises a variety of issues, in particular with regard to the tourism management of rural destinations. Answers are sought to questions on how music can be valorised to help create a distinctive tourism product, making it necessary to analyse the current state of the music offering before objectives can be set and concrete solutions, devised, to accomplish them. This paper explores the music offering of the rural regions of eastern Croatia and presents the results of a survey of the attitudes of destination managers (managers of tourist boards) in rural regions of eastern Croatia, with special emphasis on traditional music that is increasingly present and contributes to creating distinctive rural destinations (the valorisation of sound and music in the offering should also enhance the inclusion of music in promotion). The studied rural destinations of eastern Croatia are not developed in terms of tourism and their tourist accommodation capacities are very small. Music offering management, together with the valorisation and preservation of traditional values, could help them enhance their distinctiveness in the tourism market.
The qualitative–quantitative approach to microstructural characterization of nanostructured bainitic steels using electron microscopy methods
Authors: Królicka Aleksandra , Janik Aleksandra , Żak Andrzej , Radwański Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Both qualitative and quantitative analyses play a key role in the microstructural characterization of nanobainitic steels focused on their mechanical properties. This research demonstrates various methods of microstructure analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, taking into account these two approaches. The structural constituents have been qualitatively characterized using TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), together with quantitative analysis based on the misorientation angle (EBSD). Besides, quantitative measurement of austenite with both blocky and film-like morphologies has been carried out. Due to the scale of nanostructured bainite, it is also important to control the thickness of bainitic ferrite and film-like austenite; hence, a method for measuring their thickness is presented. Finally, the possibility of measuring the prior-austenite grain size by the EBSD method is also demonstrated and compared with the conventional grain boundary etching method. The presented methods of qualitative and quantitative analyses form a complementary procedure for the microstructural characterization of nanoscale bainitic steels.
Dose calculation accuracy for photon small fields in treatment planning systems with comparison by Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Abazarfard Mojtaba , Azadeh Payam , Mostaar Ahmad
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Advanced radiation therapy techniques use small fields in treatment planning and delivery. Small fields have the advantage of more accurate dose delivery, but with the cost of some complications in dosimetry. Different dose calculation algorithms imported in various treatment planning systems (TPSs) which each of them has different accuracy. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been reported as one of the accurate methods for calculating dose distribution in radiation therapy. The aim of this study was the evaluation of TPS dose calculation algorithms in small fields against 2 MC codes.

Methods: A linac head was simulated in 2 MC codes, MCNPX, and GATE. Then three small fields (0.5×0.5, 1×1 and 1.5×1.5 cm2) were simulated with 2 MC codes, and also these fields were planned with different dose calculation algorithms in Isogray and Monaco TPS. PDDs and lateral dose profiles were extracted and compared between MC simulations and dose calculation algorithms.

Results: For 0.5×0.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 2.28, 4.6, 5.3, and 7.4% and with GATE were -0.29, 2.3, 3 and 5% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1×1 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 1.58, 0.6, 1.1 and 1.4% and with GATE were 0.77, 0.1, 0.6 and 0.9% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively. For 1.5×1.5 cm2 field mean differences in PDDs with MCNPX were 0.82, 0.4, 0.6 and -0.4% and with GATE were 2.38, 2.5, 2.7 and 1.7% for CCC, superposition, FFT and Clarkson algorithms respectively.

Conclusions: Different dose calculation algorithms were evaluated and compared with MC simulation in small fields. Mean differences with MC simulation decreased with the increase of field sizes for all algorithms.
Quantitative and dosimetric analysis for treating synchronous bilateral breast cancer using two radiotherapy planning techniques
Authors: Mermut Özlem , Ata Aysun Ozsoy , Trabulus Didem Can
Published: September 2021

Objective: We compared mono-isocenter and dual-isocenter plans in synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC), which is defined as tumours occurring simultaneously in both breasts, and evaluated the effects of these differences in plans on organs-at-risk (OARs).

Materials and methods: We evaluated 10 women with early stage, nod negative (Tis-2N0M0) SBBC. The treatment dose was determined to be 50 Gy. We used mean dose and VXGy to evaluate the OARs. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment plans, Homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI) and sigma index (SI) and monitor units (MU) of monoisocenter (MIT) and dual-isocenter (DIT) plans were compared. During bilateral breast planning, for the single-centre plan, the isocenter was placed at the center of both breasts at a depth of 3-4 cm. For the two-center plan, dual-isocenters were placed on the right and left breasts.

Results: No significant difference between the techniques in terms of the scope of the target volume was observed. Statistically significant results were not achieved in MIT and DIT plans for OARs. Upon comparing MIT and DIT, the right-side monitor unit (MU) value in DIT (p = 0.011) was statistically significantly lower than that in MIT. Upon comparing right-left side MIT and DIT, the MU value (p = 0.028) was significantly lower in DIT than MIT.

Conclusion: SBBC irradiation is more complex than unilateral breast radiotherapy. No significant difference between both techniques and OARs was observed. However, we recommend MIT as a priority technique due to the ability to protect OARs, ease of administration during treatment, and the fact that the patient stays in the treatment unit for a shorter period of time.
Dosimetry audit of the CyberKnife accelerator with the SHANE phantom
Authors: Szymański Marcin , Piziorska Maria , Madetko Oskar , Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk Wioletta , Bulski Wojciech
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to propose a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife system. Dosimetry audit is an important part of the quality assurance process in radiotherapy. Most of the proposed dosimetric audits are dedicated to classical medical accelerators. Currently, there is no commonly implemented scheme for conducting a dosimetric audit of the CyberKnife accelerator.

Material and methods: To verify the dosimetric and geometric parameters of the entire radiotherapy process, as is required in E2E test procedure, the CIRS SHANE anthropomorphic phantom was used. A tomography with a resolution of 1.5 mm was prepared, five PTVs (Planning Target Volume) of different volumes were drawn; approximately: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3. Five treatment plans were made using the 6D Skull tracking method, FIXED collimators, RayTracing algorithm. Each treatment plan was verified in a slab Phantom, with a PinPoint chamber. The dose was measured by an ionization chamber type TM31010 Semiflex, placed in the center area of the target.

Results: The result of the QA verification in slab phantom was up to 5,0%. The percentage difference for the measurement in the SHANE phantom was: 4.29%, -1.42%, -0.70%, 1.37%, -1.88% respectively for the targets: 88 cm3, 44 cm3, 15 cm3, 7 cm3, 1.5 cm3.

Conclusions: By analyzing various approaches to small-field dosimetry audits in the literature, it can be assumed that the proposed CyberKnife dosimetric audit using the SHANE phantom is an appropriate method of verification of the radiotherapy process. Particular attention should be paid to the target volume, adjusting it to the system capabilities.
Contribution of soil in the annual effective dose due to radon in the air of some dwellings in the city of Karbala, Iraq
Authors: Hashim Abdalsattar Kareem , Najam Laith Ahmed , Aljomaily Firas Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The radon isotopes are not as significant as (222Rn) due to the decay of the natural radionuclides (235U), (232Th) and (238U) due to their short half-life, at most. (222Rn) can be classified as among the most harmful radioactive elements in the world.

Material and method: In this analysis, the closed-can technique was used with solid-state nuclear track detectors (CR-39). After forty days of closed dosimeter buried in the soil of the garden, and ninety days from the closed position in the air of some dwellings were collected dosimeter and stripped of nuclear detectors impact of closed groups. For 8 hours, CR-39 detectors were chemically etched by (6.25 N) NaOH solution at 70°C and then registered within an optical microscope.

Result: The levels of soil radon concentrations ranged from 28.44±0.58 to 479.76±2.43 Bq/m3 with a mean value of 220.33±1.64 Bq/m3, while the concentration of radon in the air of certain dwellings varied from (1.95±0.27 to 46.82±0.75) Bq/m3 with an average value of 21.51±0.54 Bq/m3. In comparison, the annual effective dose attributed to radon in soil ranged from 0.71±0.09 mSv/y to 12.10±0.38 mSv/y with an average value of 5.55±0.261 mSv/y, while the annual effective dose in air differed from (0.04±0.02 mSv/y) to (1.18±0.12 mSv/y) with an average value of (0.60±0.09 mSv/y).

Conclusion: Neglecting the effects of other radon sources, the percentage share of the annual effective dose due to radon in soil measured in the air home, ranged from 0.005±0.001 to 0.453±0.074 with an average value of 0.130±0.040. Weak correlation between concentrations of radon in households and soil air. But roughly speaking, one can say that in soil air every 1000 Bq/m3 and 1000 mSv/y contributes around 130 Bq/m3 and 130 mSv/y in indoor air.
Glocalization – An Objective Condition for a Successful Management of the Multinational Companies in the Context of the Economic Globalization
Authors: Stanciu Leontin , Stanciu Cristian-Lucian
Published: September 2021

Currently, one of the most concise expressions of the phenomenon of economic globalization is the extent of the organization of production on a global or regional basis and the integration on new criteria, of a functional nature, of the activities within it. A decisive role in the organization of production processes abroad is played by multinational companies, which, in order to achieve their objectives, most “export” not only know-how, but also management methods and techniques, applicable in the countries of origin. In this article, the authors aim to identify and highlight the main arguments that support the glocalization as an objective necessity and, at the same time, a viable solution to achieving a successful management of the multinational companies, to ensure a win-win relationship between them and the communities and the local markets in which they operate, in the context of economic globalization.
Function Generator Based on Personal Computer
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Kavita Mutuku
Published: September 2021

This paper aims to generate the various waveforms commonly used in a laboratory. A computer is used to synthesize the waveforms. It makes use of software to synthesize the waveforms digitally and a Universal Serial Bus (USB) to parallel converter to transmit the digital version of the waveform to a digital to analog converter where it is converted to produce an analog waveform. A buffer is used to display the analog signal on an oscilloscope. Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) is used to generate these waveforms. MATLAB simulation software is used to perform the DDS, and PROTEUS software is used for circuit design of the digital to analog converter.
A Battle of Words: Petre Chiricuță’s Reply (1926) to A. C. Cuza’s Religious Antisemitism (1925)
Authors: Drăguşin Nicolae
Published: September 2021

The present paper aims to explore the arguments that Father Chiricuţă uses against the idea of a “Christian” anti-Semitism by proving the fundamental mismatch between Christianity and anti-Semitism and, thus, proving that “Christian” anti-Semitism is a heresy, perhaps even the greatest of the century. According to his testimony, he embarks on this intellectual adventure primarily as a duty of conscience as priest and as truth-lover.**
Toxicity and Biochemical Effects of Cumin and Basil Essential Oils on Tribolium Castaneum
Authors: Omar A.F. , El-Ebiary M.E. , Nasr G.M. , Hassan H.M.
Published: September 2021

The essential oils (EOs) of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) herb were extracted by hydrodistillation and tested against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) for insecticidal and biochemical effects on certain enzymes of this insect. Major components of C. cyminum EO determined by gass chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis were γ-terpinene (15.78 %) and benzenemethanol (11.32 %), while those of O. basilicum EO were linalool (56.7 %) and epi-α-cadinol (11.4 %). The lethal concentration values for 50% mortality after three days of T. castaneum whole body exposure were 678 mg kg–1 for cumin oil and 755 mg kg–1 for basil oil. The enzymatic activity of treated insects showed a reduction in total protein, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase compared to untreated ones. However, α-amylase activity increased with both tested EOs. Hence, for T. castaneum control, these EOs may represent alternatives to conventional insecticides.
Competitive Advantages and Values Created and Attained Out of Well-Crafted Customer Value Propositions
Authors: Forrest Jeffrey Yi-Lin , Novikov Dmitry A. , Larson Stephen , Wang Fen , Yang Jing
Published: September 2021

To help facilitate the development of a theoretically rigorous and practically useful theory of customer value propositions (CVP), as called for repeatedly by the extant literature, this paper establishes a game-theoretic theorem regarding the dynamics of market competition and potential market entry. On top of this result and by employing logical rigor and analytical reasoning, eight generally true facts are developed without suffering from the constraints of data- and anecdote- based approaches, as widely used in the literature. In particular, these established results reveal how a newly adopted CVP is associated with the three essential processes underlying a company’s operation, how it will be pivotal for the company to attain competitive advantages, how the value added by adopted CVPs can be determined, etc. At the end, recommendations for decision-making managers and entrepreneurs and potential questions for future research are provided.
Digital Engagement as a Predictor of Financial Capability, Financial Advice, and Financial Satisfaction
Authors: Khan Khurram Ajaz , Akhtar Mohammad Anam
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates direct and indirect impacts of an individual’s digital engagement on their financial satisfaction considering a significant role of an individual’s financial capability and financial advice. The study is administered on the individual level, surveyed the working youth in northern India. PLS-SEM were employed using SMART-PLS version 3 for a confirmatory analysis and structural model assessment. Digital engagement has been established as a vital factor substantially influencing the individual’s financial advice, financial capability and financial satisfaction both directly and indirectly. The outcome of the study strongly favours the role and importance of digital engagement in the individual’s financial satisfaction. What is more, this paper contributes to the current knowledge by clarifying digital engagement as a possible predictor of financial capability, financial advice and financial satisfaction in the context of a low-income, developing country and applies it as a variable with the selected financial constructs. The originality and novelty of the study may be found useful to design effective policies.
Determinants of Energy Consumption in Egypt: The Wavelet Coherence Approach
Authors: Odugbesan Jamiu Adetola , Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday
Published: September 2021

Several studies have examined the implications of different macroeconomics variables on energy consumption, but the findings have been mixed, in addition, the study in the context of Egypt have been scant in the literature. Thus, our study investigates economic growth, gross capital formation, urbanization, and import as the determinants of energy consumption in Egypt using a time series from 1971 to 2017, and employed a wavelet coherent technique for the analysis. This study demonstrates a positive correlation between energy consumption and urbanization at different scales, as well as revealing a bidirectional causal relationship between the two variables. Moreover, this study shows a positive correlation between energy consumption and import, and also revealed import as a significant determinant of energy consumption at different frequencies in Egypt. In addition, an evidence of bidirectional causality was found between economic growth and energy consumption, while gross capital formation was also found to cause energy consumption in Egypt during the period of study. Our findings provide empirical rationale for the initiations by the policymakers in Egypt towards formulating policies that will ensure sustainable energy consumption in the country.
Relationship Between Economic Climate and the Level of Barriers to Doing Business in the Services Sector in the EU Countries
Authors: Skikiewicz Robert
Published: September 2021

Development of the whole economy and sectors of the economy is influenced by cyclical fluctuations, what can be observed as slowdown or acceleration of the economic processes. The identification of the leads and lags between the economic indicators, that reveals cyclical fluctuations is very important. The paper attempts to diagnose the lead and lag relationship between the economic sentiment indicators and the indicators of barriers to doing business in the services sector. The growth cycle approach was applied in the paper. A cross correlation analysis was conducted to identify the lead / lag relationship between the variables. The results of the analysis enable to conclude if the confidence indicator is a leading or lagged indicator and what is the length of lead / lag in relation to the indicators of barriers to doing business in the services sector in the EU countries. The study indicate the number of quarters from the peak or through of the business cycle in the services sector after that the level of factors limiting business activity will start to grow or drop. The results of the study can be useful both to the managers of firms as well as the governments.
An investigation of English student-teachers’ constraints during teaching internship program
Authors: Salviana Salviana , Muslem Asnawi , Daud Bukhari
Published: September 2021

The teaching internship is designed to smooth the transition from teacher to student. At the same time the teaching internship assignment gives the teachers training institutions an opportunity to evaluate the students teaching capabilities. It  is one of the most important components of the teacher training program. It is an opportunity for student teachers to put their theoretical studies into practice. The objective of this study is to investigate the constraints faced by student teachers during teaching internship program. The qualitative method was employed in this study. The study involved 26 students who participated in the teaching internship program in 2016/2017 session, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala. Covenience sampling technique was used to select the sample. The instruments used to collect data was questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by using Miles and Huberman’s qualitative data analysis. Based on the questionnaire the result showed that there were fourteen constraints faced by student teachers during teaching internship program. The constraints were mainly in the domains of personal, class participation, class management, instructional, emotional, adjusting to students, and supervision. As teaching practice is an important component of teachers training program, considerable attention must be given to make it more effective and fruitful. Therefore, this study suggests that the cooperation of the faculty and schools in terms of supervision need to be improved in order to optimize the outcome of the program.
Systemic Leadership in Nordic Kindergartens
Authors: Birkeland Johanna , Glosvik Øyvind , Aasen Wenche
Published: September 2021

This is a scoping review of peer-reviewed journal articles within Nordic Early Childhood Education and Care research from 2014 to 2020. We aim to explore if and how the concept of systemic leadership is employed within Nordic research on kindergartens. Forty-two studies were included. The results show the study types, methods and informants used. Based on a qualitative content analysis, six dominating leadership perspectives were identified in the studies. These can be briefly described as: 1) leadership mirroring the outside world, 2) leadership as a collaborative process among humans, 3) hybrid leadership between solo and distributed, 4) shared formal leadership, 5) leadership as organizational learning and development, and 6) leading in the professional context. These approaches consider the ways in which systemic leadership is employed and they highlight the collective and relational dynamics of leadership beyond the individual leader. Despite a growing body of research, there remains a need for further theoretical and quantitative investigations, and studies that focus on staff without pedagogue education as informants.
ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗ И СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РЕАКЦИИ ДРЕВЕСНЫХ ВИДОВ: ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ, АДАПТАЦИИ, СТРАТЕГИИ. ЧАСТЬ 2. ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ.
Authors: Уразгильдин Р.В. , Кулагин А.Ю.
Published: September 2021

The present publication is the first of four reviews of reports that have been published over the last 20 years to address the responses of arboreal plants at different hierarchical levels of their organization to anthropogenic factors. The publication covers the effects of different kinds of industrial pollution on macro- and micromorphology of broad and acerose leaves. The specific and nonspecific responses of arboreal plants to the same factor or to different factors, including smokes and toxicants, are differentiated. The adaptive responses within a single leaf or needle may be relatively independent from each other despite the integrity of these plant organs. The causes of such diverse reactions, which ensure the adaptive potential of plants, are discussed with account for the multiplicity of biological functions required for maintaining plant tolerance to anthropogenic impacts.
Development of a WC-based cemented carbide using stainless steel as binder and titanium carbide
Authors: Fidelis Silva Sara , Picanço Oliveira Michel , Giardinieri de Azevedo Márcia , Ferreira de Oliveira Bárbara
Published: September 2021

Cemented carbides belong to the most common and most important cutting tool materials, representing about half of the global market. To date, cemented carbides of the WC-Co system are preferred because they have an excellent combination of hardness, wear resistance and fracture toughness. However, substitutes for cobalt have been researched due to its toxicity, shortage and high cost. Promising results have shown that it is possible to achieve properties like the cemented carbides of the WC-Co system using stainless steels. In view of this, in this work a cemented carbides will be produced using WC, stainless steel, TiC and C. The addition of TiC is intended to inhibit the growth of grains at high temperatures, while C will be added to suppress the lack of carbon it takes to the formation of phases η. Samples will be manufactured using the spark plasma pulsed sintering process at different temperatures. From Archimedes' principle, the density of the samples and the densification promoted by each sintering temperature will be determined. Vickers microhardness and hardness tests will be carried out. Through indentation of the Vickers hardness test, the lengths of the cracks formed will be measured to determine the fracture toughness. It is expected, from this combination of components of the system, to produce a cemented carbides with high hardness, toughness and densification. The results of this work will be compared with data found in the literature to verify the feasibility of its use.
Spark plasma sintering of cemented carbide WC-10% wt. AISI 304L cemented carbides using nanopowders
Authors: Trindade Rosário Pessanha Ítalo , Fidelis Silva Sara , Réggia Gomes Pessanha Vithoria , Picanço Oliveira Michel , Giardinieri de Azevedo Márcia , Ferreira de Oliveira Bárbara
Published: September 2021

Tungsten carbide (WC) cemented carbides with alternative binders to cobalt have been researched due to the low availability, high cost and toxicity of this element. Promising results have been found for the use of austenitic stainless steel microparticles of AISI 304L as binders in cemented carbides, since they have good wettability with WC and produce materials with mechanical properties and corrosion resistance comparable to cemented from the WC-Co system. In this context, this work aims to produce cemented carbides using a combination of WC nanoparticles and 10% AISI 304L stainless steel. The production of these composites will be carried out via sintering by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures. Density, densification, microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of the samples will be analysed. It is expected to show the benefits of using nanoparticles to produce carbide, in addition to the effects of temperature in the sintering process. Finally, a comparison will be made with data found in the literature on cemented carbides from the WC-Co system that will indicate the possibility of replacing AISI 304L as a binder of these materials.
Analysis of graphene oxide as an anticorrosive film in metallic materials
Authors: Ribeiro Thaisa , Rangel da Silva Mylena , B. da Silveira e Silva Pessanha Geanni , Pimentel da Silva Elisangela
Published: September 2021

Corrosion is an electrochemical or chemical process that causes the deterioration of materials, especially metallic ones, thereby leading to unpredictable negative consequences. The application of anti-corrosive coatings constitutes a means of minimizing such corrosive effects once these coatings act as barriers between the substrate and the corrosive medium. Graphene oxide is a material that has gained notoriety due to its properties, abundance and to the fact that it is environmental friendly. The work we developed aimed to apply a graphene oxide solution on a metallic substrate in order to verify its applicability as an anticorrosive film. For this purpose, the production of the precursor solution was carried out; the application of the solution was accomplished by the dip-coating technique; then, the immersion test in aqueous corrosive medium followed and the characterization by confocal microscopy was performed. The results showed that there was adhesion of the film to the substrate and that it remained insoluble. As a protective layer for anticorrosion coating, the film responded partially well to this study’s proposed objectives because, though it did not manage to slow down the corrosive process, it did minimize the formation of spot corrosion, a more aggressive form of corrosion.
Bibliometric study of face protectors produced by additive manufacturing in times of COVID-19
Authors: de Almeida Viana Samira , Francisco Neto Alber , Landim Gomes Siqueira Rafaela , Guimarães Reis Filho Pompílio
Published: September 2021

The fourth industrial revolution brought with it a set of technologies that are changing the way individuals and organizations carry out their activities on a daily basis. Additive manufacturing, commonly known as the 3D printing, it has been widely used around the world on face shields manufacturing against COVID-19. Thus, this project aim to seek, from a bibliometric research with a quantitative approach, to expand the knowledge regarding the manufacture of face protectors in additive manufacturing in times of COVID-19. For this purpose, a search was performed in the Scopus database, for works in all languages, using the following search strategy in the Title, Keywords and Abstract fields [(3D, additive manufacturing, three dimensional, 3D print) AND (face shield; shield*; PPE; Personal protective equipment) AND (covid*; coronavirus; pandemic)]. In the next step, a refinement and organization of the research data was carried out, with the support of Excel, in order to develop descriptive statistics. From a descriptive analysis of the published documents, it is observed that the publications have a recent date, from the year 2020. Of the 109 documents analyzed, 70 are Articles (64.2%); 16 are Reviews (14.7%) and the other 23 works are divided into Conference Paper, Letter, Editorial, Note and Book Chapter (21.1%). Despite only two years of publications, there are already works published in seven categories of document types. Thus, it is clear that it is a field that is still growing and favorable to new research and discoveries.
Characterization of isolated lignin from eucalyptus wood chip obtained by liquid hot water process
Authors: Suriyachai Nopparat , Khongchamnan Punjarat , Laosiripojana Navadol , Kreetachat Torpong , Imman Saksit
Published: September 2021

In this study, we propose a novel optimization for lignin isolation from the eucalyptus wood chip (EWC) under hydrothermal liquid hot water (LWH) process in the presence of alkaline catalyst (NaOH). The optimal conditions were obtained employing response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal condition was 160°C for 30 min in the presence of alkaline catalyst of 0.020 M. This condition demonstrated the highest lignin extraction with solid fraction of 77.3% and 76.1%. In addition, the physicochemical structure of isolated lignin was characterized with diverse techniques. The lignin recovery from liquid phase’s GPC analysis illustrated a high average Mw/Mn (17500/7450 g/mol) while polydispersity index (2.34) was lower in comparison with the commercial organosolv lignin. The TGA analysis showed the maximum decomposition of lignin recovery at 140 to 350oC. Furthermore, the Py/GCMS analysis showed a predominance of 57.63% of syringyl units (S) over 37.37% of guaiacyl units (G) under optimal conditions. The results revealed that the integrated process was a potential approach to add more value in the employment of the agricultural waste material.
Catalytic activity of 2-phenyl pyridine palladacycle and its structural studies using DFT calculations
Authors: Atla Shashi Bairagi
Published: September 2021

2-phenyl pyridine palladacycle [Pd (κ2 -N, C-C11H8N) (O3SC7H7)-{P (C6H5)3}] (1) was tested for the catalytic activity in the vinylation of 3-Bromo-benzophenone to give 3-Vinyl benzophenone, a precursor for the synthesis of Ketoprofen an anti-inflammatory drug. The effect of various reaction parameters such as temperature, palladacycle loading, ethylene pressure and material balance for the vinylation reaction was studied. The palladacyle (1) exhibited excellent catalytic activity with a TOF of 4842 h-1 in the vinylation reaction. The structural properties of palladacycle (1) were studied by employing the B3LYP density functional theory with SDD and 6-311++G (d, p) basis sets at the Gaussian 09 package of programs. The computed density functional theory (DFT) structural parameters (bond lengths and bond angles) of the optimized geometry using the B3LYP/6-311G basis set were found to compare favourably with those of the X-ray crystal structure.
The major interest for crop protection of agrochemical substances without maximum residue limit (MRL)
Authors: Charon Mathilde , Robin Diane , Marchand Patrice A.
Published: September 2021

Description of the subject. The real-time management of residues of plant protection products is a general issue for food producers and/or exporters. Authorized pesticides under European Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (Reg. 1107/2009) are granted a maximum residue limit (MRL) defined by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). These maximum residue limits are managed by the European Commission and listed in EC Regulation No 396/2005. MRLs for newly approved substances are set for pesticide residues present in products or groups of products covered by Annex I with a default value of 0.01 mg·kg-1, unless they have been considered, elaborated upon on approval and affected in one of the six other Annexes (II to VII). Substances listed in Annex IV are favoured in the selection of substances to be used by producers as it is for substances with very low potential impacts (low-risk substances [Art. 22 of Reg. 1107/2009] which therefore require no MRL; basic substances [Art. 23 of Reg. 1107/2009]; and microorganisms). The number of substances affected by this lack of an MRL (without residues survey requirement) has been steadily increasing since the publication of the SANCO/11188/2013 Guideline. Many biocontrol agents are listed in Annex IV, including microbial insecticides (e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus), semiochemicals used in traps (e.g. ammonium acetate, putrescine) and some natural substances (e.g. sulphur) as well as all the currently listed basic substances. Objectives. To show that plant protection may be achieved with less concern or control (auto + external) than with certain agrochemical pesticides, including those without maximum residue limits (MRL). Method. Analysis of EU Pesticide Database and EU Regulation (EU) No 540/2011. Results. All approved pesticide active substances with no MRL included in Annex IV of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, listed by substance status type (active, low-risk or basic) and category (microorganism, semiochemical or natural). Conclusions. These results may be used to help achieve plant protection with much less risk of contaminations, while noting the necessity for controls, analytical issues, positive controls, as well as the possibility of downgrading and withdrawal of approval from the market.
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture maraîchers méditerranéens innovants pour gérer les nématodes à galles
Authors: Djian-Caporalino Caroline , Navarrete Mireille , Fazari Ariane , Baily-Bechet Marc , Marteu Nathalie , Dufils Arnaud , Tchamitchian Marc , Lefèvre Amélie , Pares Laure , Mateille Thierry , Tavoillot Johannes , ( ‡) Alain Palloix , Sage-Palloix Anne-Marie , Védie Hélène , Goillon Claire , Castagnone-Sereno Philippe
Published: September 2021

Description du sujet. Une approche système basée sur la co-conception et l’évaluation expérimentale in situ de prototypes de systèmes de culture (SDC) a été mise en œuvre dans le projet INRA « GeDuNem » pour une gestion durable des nématodes à galles (NG) dans les systèmes maraîchers sous abris. Objectifs. Il s’agissait (i) d’évaluer pendant quatre ans diverses stratégies de culture combinant résistances génétiques et pratiques culturales (rotations culturales incluant des plantes sensibles, résistantes et non-hôtes, gestion de l’interculture avec couvert végétal nématicide ou solarisation) pour réduire les populations de NG dans le sol et augmenter la durabilité des résistances variétales à ces bioagresseurs, (ii) d’étudier leur impact sur les communautés de nématodes rencontrées et (iii) d’évaluer l’acceptabilité des nouveaux SDC par les agriculteurs. Méthode. Trois prototypes de SDC, co-conçus entre acteurs de la recherche et ceux du développement, ont été comparés à des SDC appliqués classiquement en région méditerranéenne et évalués grâce à des dispositifs complémentaires : (i) expérimentations-système sur trois sites de producteurs du Sud de la France ; (ii) expérimentations analytiques pour approfondir les mécanismes d’action des leviers mobilisés ; (iii) enquêtes pour évaluer l’acceptabilité des prototypes par les agriculteurs. Résultats. Les trois SDC se sont révélés efficaces (90 % de réduction des NG, protection des Solanaceae à résistance partielle, pas d’effet négatif sur les nématodes non phytoparasites) et durables lorsque les conditions d’application et les équilibres biologiques du sol étaient favorables (nématofaune totale diversifiée et abondante). Leur degré d’acceptabilité dépendait du type d’exploitation et de la sensibilité des agriculteurs face à l’innovation. Conclusions. Ces nouveaux SDC doivent encore être améliorés, en interaction avec les producteurs, tant en termes d’efficacité, par l’introduction de nouveaux leviers agroécologiques, que de cout. Les recherches futures devront aussi s’ouvrir à la gestion plus globale de la santé des sols.