bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of difficult airways: a review
Authors: Zaytsev Andrey Yu. , Usikyan E. G. , Dubrovin K. V. , Svetlov V. A. , Vyzhigina M. A. , Zhukova S. G.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Complications arising from maintaining the patency of the upper airways in the practice of an anesthetist remain the most dangerous for the life and health of the patient. The problem of predicting difficult airways has been studied for decades and has not yet been solved. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the problem of the difficult airways diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was search on PubMed (MEDLINE), eLibrary, Google Scholar databases for the period 01.1985–01.2022. Keywords: Difficult airways prediction, difficult airways, difficult intubation, mask ventilation, endoscopy intubation, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), difficult airways, difficult intubation, difficult laryngoscopy, mask ventilation, ultrasound diagnostics, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Inclusion criteria: original, review articles, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews devoted to the diagnosis of TDP. Exclusion criteria: clinical cases, comments on articles, abstracts of dissertations. RESULTS: Measurement of various distances, tests for congenital or acquired deformity of the facial skull and malocclusion, tests for the relationship between the structures of the facial skull and the cervical spine, for the most part, have limited diagnostic effectiveness. The instrumental methods allows diagnosing difficult airways with greater confidence. The thickness of the tongue, the distance from the skin to the epiglottis or vocal folds, and the long epiglottis can accurately predict difficulties at various stages of maintaining airways from face mask ventilation to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Ultrasonography should be considered the most optimal method for diagnosing difficult airways. At the same time, less accurate indicators compared to magnetic resonance and x-ray studies should not stop clinicians, as they are compensated by a faster examination. CONCLUSIONS: Instrumental methods for difficult airways diagnosis are more effective than physical ones.
Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from olive mill wastewater using response surface methodology
Authors: Shahkouhmahali Elnaz , Mohamadzadeh Jalal
Published: October 2023

Large amounts of pomace are produced during the extraction of olive oil. This is because only 21% of an olive's weight is made up of oil, while 79% includes water, bark and pulp. This project extracted total phenolic compounds (TPCs) from olive mill wastewater as efficiently as possible. The TPCs were analyzed and the total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Data were evaluated using the response surface method (RSM). The largest TAA and TPC were discovered in extracting using 80% ethanol at 25 °C, and 2.5 bar with pH = 4. The highest amount of TPCs was 11.614 mg of gallic acid per 100 mL, and a value of 71.06% was reported for TAA. The results of the quadratic model showed that R2 is equal to 0.937, because it has a larger coefficient and the pH factor had the least effect. The temperature factor had the greatest impact on the extraction of TPC and TAA, and the mutual temperature and pH impacts affected the extraction positively. As a result, it can be concluded that the RSM was a useful tool for assessing the ideal circumstances for phenolic component extraction.
SGK-1 Signalling Pathway is a Key Factor in Cell Survival in Ischemic
Injury
Authors: Chaudhary Manisha , Sharma Veerta , Bedi Onkar , Kaur Amarjot , Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Published: October 2023

Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinases (SGK) are serine/threonine kinases that belong
to AGC. The SGK-1, which responds to stress, controls a range of ion channels, cell growth,
transcription factors, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, cell survival, proliferation and
death. Its expression is highly controlled by various factors such as hyperosmotic or isotonic oxidative
stress, cell shrinkage, radiation, high blood sugar, neuronal injury, DNA damage, mechanical
stress, thermal shock, excitement, dehydration and ischemia. The structural and functional deterioration
that arises after a period of ischemia when blood flow is restored is referred to as ischemia/
reperfusion injury (I/R). The current review discusses the structure, expression, function and
degradation of SGK-1 with special emphasis on the various ischemic injuries in different organs
such as renal, myocardial, cerebral, intestinal and lungs. Furthermore, this review highlights the
various therapeutic agents that activate the SGK-1 pathway and slow down the progression of I/R
injuries.
Discrepancies between Screening Sonography and Ultrasound in Emergency
Department – A Case Report
Authors: Miravent Sérgio , Figueiredo Teresa , Donchenko Inna , Duarte Lobo Manuel , Cruz Gualter , Pedro Almeida Rui
Published: October 2023

Introduction::

This case report presents a discrepancy in sonographic findings between a screening sonography performed by a Sonographer in the Basic
Emergency Service (BES) and a subsequent ultrasound performed by a Radiologist physician in a Referral Hospital (RH). The aim of this report is
to discuss the possible reasons for the discrepancy and its implications for patient care.

Case Presentation::

A patient with a history of epigastric pain and vomiting underwent screening sonography in a BES, which suggested Intrahepatic Biliary Dilatation
Duct (IHBD) and main pancreatic duct dilatation. The patient was subsequently referred to the RH for further evaluation. However, the Radiologist
in the RH did not confirm any of the initial suspicions from BES through a normal ultrasound procedure. The discrepancy raises questions
regarding the quality of the screening ultrasound, misinterpretation of the BES images, or the potential for ambiguity in the point of care ultrasound
(POCUS) exam.

Conclusion::

The differences in sonographic findings between BES and RH, in this case, suggest that the improvement of the patient's clinical condition and
therapeutic interventions may have contributed to the discrepancy. Further investigation and standardization of POCUS training and interpretation
may improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
Regulating miRNAs Expression by Resveratrol: Novel Insights based on
Molecular Mechanism and Strategies for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Keshavarzmotamed Atoosa , Mousavi Vahide , Masihipour Niloufar , Rahmati Atefe , Mousavi Dehmordi Rohollah , Ghezelbash Behrooz , Alimohammadi Mina , Mafi Alireza
Published: October 2023

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in a wide range of plants, including grapes, berries, and peanuts, is an extensively researched
phytochemical with unique pharmacological capabilities and amazing potential to affect many targets in various cancers. Resveratrol's anti-cancer
activities are due to its targeting of a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms and crucial processes involved in cancer pathogenesis, such as
the promotion of growth arrest, stimulation of apoptosis, suppression of cell proliferation, induction of autophagy, regulating oxidative stress and
inflammation, and improving the influence of some of the other chemotherapeutic agents. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that
modulate gene expression by degrading mRNA or inhibiting translation. MiRNAs serve critical roles in a wide range of biological activities, and
disruption of miRNA expression is strongly linked to cancer progression. Recent research has shown that resveratrol has anti-proliferative and/or
pro-apoptotic properties via modulating the miRNA network, which leads to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, the activation of apoptosis,
or the increase of traditional cancer therapy effectiveness. As a result, employing resveratrol to target miRNAs will be a unique and potential
anticancer approach. Here, we discuss the main advances in the modulation of miRNA expression by resveratrol, as well as the several miRNAs
that may be influenced by resveratrol in different types of cancer and the significance of this natural drug as a promising strategy in cancer
treatment.
Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Curcumin-loaded Calcium Alginate
Microbeads using Box-Behnken Design for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kumar Pandey Amit , Singh Sara Udaivir , Dwivedi Harinath
Published: October 2023

Background and Objective::

After lung cancer and breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and has the second-highest fatality rate.
Curcumin is one such naturally occurring dietary compound that demonstrated promise to treat colon cancer. For that, the goal of the current study
was to coat curcumin with Eudragit S100 to treat colorectal cancer in the distal intestine release. The multiparticulate dosage form can increase the
solubility of curcumin in the colon environment, sustain the drug release, and protect the drug from abrupt degradation in the colon environment.
All of these alterations can enhance the colon tissue levels, especially in the colon cancer cells in the patients, and thereby can enhance the utility
of the therapy.

Methods::

By using the ionotropic gelation technique, the formulations were made. Moreover, Design Expert 13 used a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken
design (BBD) in this work to optimize the formulation for colon-targeted drug delivery. The concentration of potassium alginate, the concentration
of calcium chloride, and the curing duration were considered independent variables, and prepared microbeads were refined to study their impacts
on entrapment effectiveness and particle size. Eudragit S100 was enteric coated on Calcium alginate beads with an improved core.

Results::

Regarding particle size and entrapment effectiveness, respectively, the polymer concentration and curing duration had a substantial impact. The
ideal concentrations of calcium chloride and potassium alginate were 15% w/v and 6% w/v, respectively, with a 20-minute curing time. With a
drug entrapment efficiency of 88.4%, the improved formulation had particles with a size of 708 μm. After 12 hours, 79.23±0.32% of the drug was
released following an enteric coating of Eudragit S100 of optimized calcium alginate microbeads (10% weight gain).

Conclusion::

The present study conclusively demonstrates the usefulness of a Box-Behnken design in the optimization of colon-targeted formulations. To
effectively treat colorectal cancer, enteric-coated calcium alginate microbeads can be administered orally to deliver curcumin precisely to the
colon.
An update on Tomato Flu Virus: A Mini-review
Authors: Ahmad Zargar Abrar , Kumar Arvind , Gangwar Ruby , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit
Published: October 2023

This article aims to highlight the most recent information on the “tomato flu” epidemic in India. A new disease has sprung out in several areas of India. The illness had a rash that was predominantly seen in children under the age of five and was highly infectious. It was known as “tomato flu” because the rash was excruciatingly painful, and the blisters were the size of tiny tomatoes. None of the afflicted children experienced problems that would have resulted in death. The focus of the therapy was primarily symptomatic, supportive care along with isolation and sustaining hygiene standards. The RNA virus Coxsackievirus A16, a member of the Picornaviridae family, was shown to be the cause of this disease. A detailed literature review was performed on the epidemiology, aetiology, evolution, transmission, outbreak, preventive measures and management and treatment of tomato flu. The leading prevention is preventing infected children and infants from sharing clothes, food, and toys. Few drugs are used to prevent fever, but no antiviral drugs or vaccines are available to prevent tomato fever. We came to the conclusion that a novel form of Coxsackievirus A16 may be responsible for the current pandemic of this disease in India.
Unveiling The Diagnostic Pitfall: Complete Heart Block Presenting in Acute Coronary Syndromes Without Chest Pain and Non-Ischemic Electrocardiography in A Young Adult
Authors: Mi'raj Suprayoga Imam , Rizal Ardian , Widito Sasmojo , Fuji Rahimah Anna
Published: October 2023

Background: The majority of studies indicate that the asymptomatic or atypical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as a significant manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical characteristics and management of ACS patients who presented without chest pain and non-ischemic electrocardiogram (ECG). Case Illustration: A 31 years old man with syncope was brought to our hospital. ECG revealed total AV block (TAVB) without ST segment changes. First, he was diagnosed with cardiac syncope because his ECG showed no ischemic sign. He had a strong familial history of CAD, so we examined his cardiac enzymes and found an increase in serial cardiac enzymes. Then, he was diagnosed with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Early invasive strategy with chronic total occlusion (CTO) at osteal right coronary artery (RCA) and acute total occlusion at mid RCA with implantation of 1 DES at osteal-proximal RCA was selected for this patient. After five days of hospitalization, he discharged home with medicines. Conclusion: In order to significantly lower their morbidity and mortality, this group of high-risk patients needs to receive improved early diagnostic and treatment choices. Keyword: Acute Coronary Syndrome, Chest Pain, Heart Block.
Colony Growth, Sporulation, and Viability of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on Various Agricultural Waste as Growing Media
Authors: Kurniawan Irvan , Afandhi Aminudin , Tarno Hagus
Published: October 2023

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that is widely produced for the benefit of biological control agents of various insect pests. The current production that is expected is to use cheap media but produce quality isolates. This study aims to determine colony growth, sporulation and viability of Beauveria bassiana conidia in several agricultural waste media. The experiment was compiled in a complete randomized design and replicated four times. B. bassiana in rice bran media added with cricket flour had the fastest colony growth while B. bassiana in rice husk media was the lowest, lower than the control treatment. In wheat bran media added cricket flour has slower colony growth than rice bran with cricket flour media similar to control treatment but has the second highest sporulation after rice bran with cricket flour media. The highest viability belongs to B. bassiana which is grown on rice bran with cricket flour media. The production in each treatment medium has a real effect but the addition of cricket flour has a significant influence in the production of quality isolates.
Study the relation between thyroiditis markers (Anti-TPO and Anti TG) and
autoimmune urticaria.
Authors: A.S. Al-sofy Riyam , Hussein Talib A. , Brakhas Suaad A.
Published: October 2023

The current study was focused to study Anti-TPO and Anti-TG , in (80) Chronic
Urticaria patients were Clinically diagnosed by dermatologists in Specialized
Center of Allergy in Baghdad/Al-Rusafa with age ranged between (11-60), as
well as a control group 40 with age ranged between (11-60) from November 2021
to April 2022, The results of demographic and clinical characteristics revealed the
rate of female patients was higher than male56.3%, 43.8% respectively, The
results showed there was highly significant difference between the patients and
the control in Anti-Tpo also the results showed Anti-TG were higher than
control but no significant differences while the patient with age 21-30 year and
11-20 had highest Anti-Tpo and Anti-TG, the level of Anti-Tpo and Anti- TG
between post-treatment and pre-treatment showed various results , Anti-Tpo and
Anti- TG in post-treatment was lower than pre-treatment but higher than the
control group significant difference between those group at p ≤ 0.05 The results
showed Finally The ROC showed the Anti-Tpo and Anti- TG were discriminated
as accurate biomarkers for CSU.
Keywords: Anti-Tpo, Anti-TG, CUS, Age and treatment.
Detection of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli isolated from root nodules of leguminous plants by
multiplex-PCR
Authors: Nawaf Al-zaidy Raghad , Mohammed Hamed Aryan , Nawaf Ahmed Taghreed
Published: October 2023

The genetic diversity of 4 R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and R. leguminosarum bv.
Phaseoli that was extracted from root nodes of Trifolium spp and Phaseolus vulgaris L cultivars circulated in Mosul soils were investigated. The bacteria strains
under study show similar tolerance levels against some external factors. In the
current study, using classical diagnosis methods, similarity and distance indices
and DNA polymorphism were examined with the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. The isolates were distributed through genetic diversification into two
main classes, including two main branches, Rl2 and the other sub-group was divided into Rl3, and the neighboring group involved Rl1 and Rl4. It is noted that
individual plants and abiotic aspects were less affected than the Genetic factor on
bacterial diversity. On the other hand, in multiplex-PCR reaction, Our outcomes
revealed specific amplified for R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii with amplification
products 419 bp and R. leguminosarum bv. Phaseoli with amplification products
362 bp.
Keywords: R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii ,
nodules, multiplex-PCR, RAPD-PCR .
Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Adherence to Fecal Occult Blood Tests in Colorectal Cancer Screening Programs: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Luo Zilin , Dong Xuesi , Wang Chenran , Cao Wei , Zheng Yadi , Wu Zheng , Xu Yongjie , Zhao Liang , Wang Fei , Li Jibin , Ren Jiansong , Shi Jufang , Chen Wanqing , Li Ni
Published: October 2023

Background

Screening adherence is important in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. Disparity in CRC screening adherence was observed in populations of different socioeconomic status (SES), but the direction and strength of the association remained unclear.

Objective

We aimed to systematically review all the observational studies that have analyzed the association between SES and adherence to organized CRC screening based on fecal occult blood tests.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science and reference lists of relevant reviews from the inception of the database up until June 7, 2023. Individual SES, neighborhood SES, and small-area SES were included, while any SES aggregated by geographic areas larger than neighbors were excluded. Studies assessing SES with any index or score combining indicators of income, education, deprivation, poverty, occupation, employment, marital status, cohabitation, and others were included. A random effect model meta-analysis was carried out for pooled odds ratios (ORs) and relative risks for adherence related to SES.

Results

Overall, 10 studies, with a total of 3,542,379 participants and an overall adherence rate of 64.9%, were included. Compared with low SES, high SES was associated with higher adherence (unadjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.42-2.10; adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.82). In the subgroup of nonindividual-level SES, the adjusted association was significant (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.26-1.95). However, the adjusted association was insignificant in the subgroup of individual-level SES (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.98-2.17). As for subgroups of the year of print, not only was the unadjusted association significantly stronger in the subgroup of early studies (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.59-2.44) than in the subgroup of late studies (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31-1.56), but also the adjusted one was significantly stronger in the early group (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.43-2.42) than in the late group (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14-1.39), which was consistent and robust. Despite being statistically insignificant, the strength of the association seemed lower in studies that did not adjust for race and ethnicity (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.21-1.43) than the overall estimate (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28-1.82).

Conclusions

The higher-SES population had higher adherence to fecal occult blood test–based organized CRC screening. Neighborhood SES, or small-area SES, was more competent than individual SES to be used to assess the association between SES and adherence. The disparity in adherence between the high SES and the low SES narrowed along with the development of interventions and the improvement of organized programs. Race and ethnicity were probably important confounding factors for the association.
Preferences in the Willingness to Download an mHealth App: Discrete Choice Experimental Study in Spain, Germany, and the Netherlands
Authors: Folkvord Frans , Bol Nadine , Stazi Giacomo , Peschke Lutz , Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite the worldwide growth in mobile health (mHealth) tools and the possible benefits for both patients and health care providers, the adoption of mHealth is low, and only a limited number of studies have examined the intention to download mHealth apps.

Objective

In this study, we investigated individuals’ preferences in the adoption of a health app.

Methods

We conducted a discrete choice experimental study in 3 countries (Spain: n=800, Germany: n=800, and the Netherlands: n=416) with 4 different attributes and levels (ie, price: €1.99 vs €4.99 [a currency exchange rate of €1=US $1.09 is applicable] vs for free, data protection: data protection vs no information, recommendation: patients’ association vs doctors, and manufacturer: medical association vs pharmaceutical company). Participants were randomly assigned. For the analyses, we used the conditional logistic model separately for each country.

Results

The results showed that price and data protection were considered important factors that significantly increased the probability to download an mHealth app. In general, the source of the recommendation and the manufacturer affected the probability to download the mHealth app less. However, in Germany and the Netherlands, we found that if the app was manufactured by a pharmaceutical company, the probability to download the mHealth app decreased.

Conclusions

mHealth tools are highly promising to reduce health care costs and increase the effectiveness of traditional health interventions and therapies. Improving data protection, reducing costs, and creating sound business models are the major driving forces to increase the adoption of mHealth apps in the future. It is thereby essential to create trustworthy standards for mobile apps, whereby prices, legislation concerning data protection, and health professionals can have a leading role to inform the potential consumers.
The relationships between variables of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes distress in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pankiv V.I. , Yuzvenko T.Yu.
Published: October 2023

Background. Diabetes distress is among potential barriers for people with diabetes mellitus (DM) to reach glycemic goals. Accumulating evidence suggests diabetes distress may be linked to individuals’ emotion regulation capacities. The purpose of this study was to explicate the relationships between variables of glyca­ted hemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes distress, emotion regulation, and self-care variables through the analysis of cross-sectional data from individuals with type 1 and type 2 DM. Materials and methods. We used structural equation modeling to assess the cross-sectional relationships between variables of HbA1c, diabetes distress, emotion regulation, and self-care variables through the analysis of cross-sectional data from 132 individuals with type 1 and type 2 DM. After giving informed consent for their data to be used for research purposes without identifying them, study participants were examined by clinical psychologists with a structured clinical assessment and a series of other assessments relevant to DM. Results. While participants with type 2 DM differed from those with type 1 DM in terms of age, duration of DM, insulin dependence, and self-care, no significant diffe­rences were observed between the groups in sex, HbA1c levels, diabetes distress, emotion regulation-experience, or emotion regulation-skill scores. Study examined two potential explanatory models with one of them showing a more comprehensive view of the data revealing a total effect of poor emotional regulation on HbA1c levels. Diabetes distress in adults is linked to increased negative emotionality (emotion regulation-experience) and reduced skill at emotional regulation (emotion regulation-skill), both of which are associated with elevated HbA1c levels, and these relationships are stronger than those in diabetes self-care. Conclusions. This study suggests that in people with DM, elevated HbA1c levels and diabetes distress are linked to poor emotion regulation. These data emphasize that targeting difficulties in emotion regulation may hold promise for maximizing improvement in diabetes distress and HbA1c in individuals with DM.
New insights into histopathological features of Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Hoperia V. , Mostiuk O. , Dinets A. , Sheptukha S. , Hubar O. , Gorobeiko M.
Published: October 2023

Background. The Warthin-like variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) is a rare papillary thyroid carcinoma that is considered to be a subtype of the oncocytic variant. Purpose of the study: to present the diagnostic and clinical features, the oncological and surgical management of a patient with WLPTC as well as its discussion with other relevant studies. Materials and methods. We report a case of Warthin-like papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 31-year-old woman with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Results. The patient was admitted to the hospital with the presence of a node in the thyroid gland. Thyroid ultrasound showed a 24-mm nodule with oval shape and irregular contours in the left lobe. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma was made. The patient underwent thyroidectomy, bilateral modified and central neck dissection, lymphadenectomy. Histopathological examination suggested a WLPTC coexisting with chronic thyroiditis, metastases to the lymph nodes 2, 3, 4 on the left and 6 neck compartments. The patient underwent postoperative I131 ablation therapy. Conclusions. WLPTC is a recently described variant of papillary thyroid cancer that is frequently associated with lymphocytic thyroiditis. The correct cytological and histomorphological features are of utmost importance to render the diagnosis of WLPTC for better management. A surgical and postoperative treatment is identical to that in classic differentiated thyroid cancer, having a favorable outcome due to a low recurrence rate. A surgical management should be thyroidectomy and dissection of central neck compartment as well as lateral dissection in cases of suspicions for metastases in the lymph nodes or metastases confirmed preoperatively by a fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
Pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema: role of the glial factor (literature review and own data)
Authors: Kyryliuk M.L. , Suk S.A.
Published: October 2023

The review presents modern data on the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema. Today, a new understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic retinal lesions includes structural dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU) of the retina. NVU includes astrocytes and Müller cells, it is a physical and biochemical link between neurons, glia, vascular network in situ, acts as an interface between neurons and the vascular system, and is a key regulator of neuronal metabolism. The close interdependence of glial cells, pericytes and neurons contributes to the formation of a barrier between the blood and the retina, which controls the flow of fluid and hemotransmissive metabolites into the glial parenchyma of eye tissue. Glial components of NVU contribute to the survival of neuronal ganglion cells and photoreceptors, stabilization of the retinal structure, and modulation of inflammatory and immune reactions. It has been shown that intercellular interactions between blood vessels and neurons play a critical role in the formation of blood-retinal barrier whose activity is modulated by the state of retinal endothelial communications. In diabetes, the blood-retinal barrier breaks down already at the early stage of diabetic retino­pathy, changing the structure and function of most types of cells in the retina; however, the molecular mechanisms of this pathological process in diabetes are not sufficiently studied and require the search for new therapeutic strategies, in particular, with the participation of clusterin. Emphasis is placed on the significance of dysfunction in the neurovascular unit of the retina for the deve­lopment of complications in diabetes. Increased attention is paid to microglial activation, Müller cell dysfunction, damage to the blood-retinal barrier, as well as the role of clusterin and fractalkine in barrier cytoprotection.
Peran Adverse Childhood Experience terhadap Internalizing Problem dan Externalizing Problem pada Remaja
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar , Syakarofath Nandy Agustin , Karmiyati Diah , Widyasari Dian Caesaria
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan manusia memiliki berbagai macam tahap atau periode yang saling terkoneksi dan mempengaruhi periode perkembangan selanjutnya. Adverse childhood experience merupakan pengalaman yang menjadi sumber stres dan trauma akut yang dialami oleh individu selama masa kanak-kanak, terutama selama di usia 18 tahun awal kehidupan, yang dalam beberapa literatur dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan gangguan perilaku internalizing problem dan externalizing problem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran adverse childhood experience terhadap internalizing problem dan externalizing problem. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional. Subjek penelitian ini ditentukan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh positif yang signifikan antara adverse childhood experience terhadap internalizing problem dan externalizing problem (β = 0,287; p<0,05 dan β = 0,280; p<0,05). Adverse childhood experience pada remaja memberikan sumbangsih positif terhadap internalizing problem sebesar 8,2% dan externalizing problem sebesar 7,8%.
Implementation of Cyber Security in Corporate Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Baig Yousuf Jamil
Published: October 2023

We live in a time when knowledge is easily accessible and people are connected throughout the world. The technological improvements that modern states use to advance include streamlined online bill payments, improved healthcare systems, sophisticated transportation networks, the use of artificial intelligence, cutting-edge communication systems, and technological warfare. Despite the fact that technology has made it possible to break down geographical borders, the widespread use of technology has led to the emergence of new challenges and concerns. Hacking, bank fraud, money laundering, data breaches, unauthorized acquisition of state secrets, and targeted attacks on critical infrastructure are just a few of the criminal activities and threats that plague the digital world today. These crimes have all emerged as major facets of modern cyber warfare. Such threats can affect both wealthy and developing countries, creating a challenging situation for national security. Among these countries, Pakistan and other emerging nations are particularly at risk. The nation has a sizable population of business users who are unfamiliar with information technology, which makes it more difficult for governmental and legislative authorities to regulate the nation's digital environment. Recent catastrophic cyberattacks on Pakistani institutions' most essential websites have successfully breached significant digital installations. Legislators in Pakistan have responded by introducing cyber legislation, but it doesn't seem like they fully address the variety of online threats. This study paper is focused on creating a framework for the adoption of cyber security in Pakistan's corporate sector and investigating workable solutions to serious cybersecurity issues. In order to generate findings, a qualitative research methodology was used, gathering information from both primary and secondary sources. Finally, the study makes a number of suggestions on how Pakistan's corporate sector may implement cyber security.
Post-laparoscopy Epidermal Inclusion Cyst of Umbilicus
Authors: Hwang Young Joong , Kim Taesik , Jung Sung Gyun , Hong In Pyo
Published: October 2023

Background: Epidermal inclusion cysts can develop in the umbilicus following trauma or surgery. In this study, we aim to report cases of epidermal inclusion cysts occurring at the umbilicus in patients with a history of previous laparoscopic surgery.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between January 2020 and May 2023 based on the medical records of patients who developed epidermal inclusion cysts in the umbilicus following laparoscopic surgery. Information regarding age, sex, symptoms, type of previous surgery, time elapsed from previous surgery to mass discovery, and postoperative complications was collected from a total of 15 patients.Results: Out of the 15 patients, 13 were female (86.7%) and two were male (13.3%). Symptoms such as discharge, redness, and tenderness were present in 12 patients (80.0%). Obstetric and gynecologic laparoscopic surgeries were performed on 10 patients (66.7%), whereas general surgical laparoscopic surgeries were performed on five patients (33.3%). The mean time from laparoscopic surgery to discovery of the umbilical mass was 43.5 months. Wound dehiscence occurred in one patient (6.7%) and seroma developed in another patient (6.7%) out of 15 patients.Conclusion: Achieving an ideal shape of the umbilicus after removal of epidermal inclusion cysts that occur at the umbilicus following laparoscopic procedures requires significant effort. Through this study, we aim to remind laparoscopic surgeons that epidermal inclusion cysts can develop at the umbilicus through laparoscopic interventions and thereby emphasize the importance of proper wound management.
Thigh Abscess Formation Due to Severe Sacral Pressure Ulcer Dissemination: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Lee Myeong Seop , Park Myong Chul , Lee Taik Jong , Chung Chan Min
Published: October 2023

Patients with chronic and non-healing pressure ulcers are susceptible to recurrent infections, often leading to complications, such as abscesses. However, to the best of our knowledge, no cases of abscesses disseminating from a pressure sore to the thigh have yet been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with a severe pressure ulcer in the sacral area and an abscess extending to the thigh. The presence of an abscess in an area devoid of pressure ulcers was suspected. Prior to surgical intervention, a comprehensive evaluation was undertaken, culminating in debridement and subsequent reconstruction, yielding excellent results. Abscesses are often difficult to evaluate with physical examination alone. Therefore, the possibility of extensive abscess formation and dissemination should be considered in patients with severe pressure ulcers.
Reconstruction of an Abdominal Hernia after Wide Tumor Resection with Multilayer Acellular Dermal Matrix and Skin Graft: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Lee Soo Hyuk , Kim Kwang Seog , Hwang Jae Ha , Lee Sam Yong
Published: October 2023

An abdominal hernia is a relatively common complication after abdominal surgery. However, no reports have previously described the reconstruction of a soft tissue defect with a hernia after wide excision of a tumor in the abdominal wall. A 41-year-old man presented with a painless, rapidly growing mass in his abdominal wall. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen revealed a 7.8×6.4×4.2 cm mass, consistent with a soft tissue sarcoma suspected to be angiosarcoma in the subcutaneous layer of the left anterior upper abdominal wall. After wide excision of the mass, a hernia measuring 6.0×5.8 cm was observed. The abdominal hernia was repaired using multilayered acellular dermal matrix (ADM), and the soft tissue defect was covered with a split-thickness skin graft. A histopathological examination confirmed that the mass was fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP-FS). No complications occurred after surgery, and the patient was followed up for 10 months without any issues. Herein, we present a case of hernia after the removal of DFSP-FS in the abdominal wall, which was repaired using multilayer ADM and a split-thickness skin graft.
Novel Method of Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Site Management Using Combined Fenestrated Polyurethane Film and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Jun Daiwon , Kim Byeol , Park Min Suk , Ahn Ma Rhip , Lee Jung Ho
Published: October 2023

Background: Split-thickness skin graft (STSG) is a fundamental and versatile technique used in reconstructive surgery. Despite numerous studies addressing the management of STSG donor sites, there is still little consensus on the optimal dressing method. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a novel method that combines a fenestrated polyurethane film with negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) over conventional moist dressings.Methods: Between January 2021 and December 2022, 23 patients who received STSG were retrospectively reviewed. In group A, a polyurethane film punctured with a 20-gauge needle was applied to the skin graft donor site. A NPWT system (CuraSys) was subsequently applied over the film. The conventional NPWT was replaced with a portable NPWT (PICO system) on the day of discharge. On the 14th postoperative day, the NPWT and film were removed. In group B, patients were administered a traditional moist dressing until epithelization. Postoperative pain, reepithelization rate, and dressing cost per cm² were compared.Results: Group A exhibited a lower mean pain score on all the measured days. Furthermore, group A demonstrated a significantly shorter time required for complete reepithelization (18.07±8.43 days vs. 28.20±5.25 days, P=0.003) and a lower dressing cost per square centimeter (6,517±6,162 KRW [4.82±4.56 USD] vs. 23,036±27,157 KRW [17.05±20.11 USD], P=0.006).Conclusion: The combination of fenestrated polyurethane film and NPWT resulted in reduced pain caused by dressing, a faster reepithelization rate, and lower dressing cost than that of conventional moist dressing.
Toward more collaborative deep learning project management in plant phenotyping
Authors: Metuarea Herearii , Rousseau David
Published: October 2023

Deep learning is a central tool in plant phenotyping. Proficiency in
artificial intelligence and programming remains essential for designing
a deep learning model. The reuse of deep models can be challenging for
non-coding end-user such as plant biologists. Currently, very few tools
facilitate collaboration between computational infrastructure,
non-coding end-users, and deep learning project manager. Consequently,
this limits the deployment of multi centric large scale deep learning
initiatives (such as the notable exception of the Globally Wheat
Challenge) in plant phenotyping. We propose the scheme of Fig. 1 to
allow non-coding end-users to test existing deep learning models with a
homemade software capable of running any segmentation, classification or
object detection deep learning model. This software is an open source
plugin coined MANINI (https://github.com/hereariim/manini) which runs
under the north American initiative NAPARI (https://napari.org/). The
plugin also enables the manual correction of the inference. The
corrected inferences can then be used to retrain or fine-tune the model
on a large-scale infrastructure (in our case the European Grid
Inrastructure EGI) via the DEEPaaS API. The resulting new model is then
accessible on a public repository. We illustrate the interest of this
scheme on various plant phenotyping use cases.
Exploring Accounting History: Literature and Standard Setting in India
Authors: Verma Shraddha
Published: October 2023

This paper provides a summary of the accounting history literature relating to India and provides suggestions for potential future research. The paper also identifies key events in standard setting between 1973 and 2023 and presents an exploratory analysis of the introduction of standard setting in India in 1977, highlighting both local and international factors influencing the process.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Individual Autonomy versus Public Safety: How Government COVID-19 Mandates and Constitutional Law Impacts Fraud Rationalization and Pressures
Authors: Bailey William A. , Grandstaff Jaime L. , Marcum Tanya M.
Published: October 2023

The global pandemic has highlighted unprecedented levels of uncertainty, which has forced the exploration of new questions. We review the academic literature on COVID-19, with respect to forensic accounting topics, and we find that the literature is relatively scarce. We also provide a detailed constitutional legal history of U.S. health mandates, including a background of constitutional limitations on government power, federalism, Supreme Court evolution on autonomy, and the state of the legal framework on government health mandates immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout this review of academic literature and the legal framework regarding mandates, we discuss examples of fraud cases during the pandemic and the aspects impacting fraud rationalization and pressures. Our results show that more research is needed in this area, and we provide suggestions for future avenues, as well as legal considerations regarding government mandates.
Adaptation of the Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 into Swedish
Authors: Von Heideken Johan , Iversen Maura D , Hellsten Anna , Askenberger Marie
Published: October 2023

Background and purpose: The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) designed specifically for patellofemoral instability. We translated and adapted the BPII 2.0 into Swedish and assessed its psychometric properties.Patients and methods: The BPII 2.0 was forward- and back-translated. Children aged 10–16 years with patellar dislocation and instability or recurrent dislocation were recruited. Children completed the Swedish BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child during their initial visit (t0) and 1 week later (t1). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child scores comparison. Pearson correlation coefficients examined concurrent validity of the Swedish BPII 2.0 subscales with KOOS-Child subscales.Results: 64 children (46 females), mean age 13.8 (10.0–16.3) years, participated. Time after patellar dislocation or surgery was 3–24 months. 55 patients (86%) returned the second BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child after an average of 9 (5–22) days. There were no ceiling or floor effects for the total score of the new Swedish BPII 2.0 or for its subscales. BPII 2.0 demonstrated excellent internal consistency at t0 (ICC 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.97) and at t1 (ICC 0.97, CI 0.95–0.98), as well as excellent test–retest reliability (ICC 0.97, CI 0.96–0.98). Concurrent validity of the BPII 2.0 subscales with KOOS-Child subscales was moderate to strong (rho 0.40–0.88).Conclusion: The Swedish BPII 2.0 showed excellent internal consistency as well as excellent test–retest reliability and is a reliable and valid questionnaire.
Lider Üye Etkileşiminin Bir Öncülü Olarak Bağlanma Stilleri
Authors: Coşkun Yiğit Kübra
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada lider üye etkileşimi kalitesinin öncülleri olarak psikolojik bağlanma biçimleri (güvenli, saplantılı, korkulu ve kaçınan) incelemektedir. Güvenli bağlanma biçimine sahip çalışanların kaliteli bir lider üye etkileşimi kurmak konusunda başarılı oldukları, korkulu, saplantılı ve kaçınan bağlanma stiline sahip çalışanların ise aksine düşük kalitede lider üye etkileşimi yaşayacakları öne sürülmüştür. Veriler İstanbul ilinde, bilişim sektöründe faaliyet göstermekte olan dört farklı firma çalışanlarından toplanmış olup, toplam 140 kişi online olarak hazırlanmış anket sorularını yanıtlamıştır. Veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar bağlanma biçimlerinin lider üye etkileşimi kalitesini etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bağlanma biçimlerinden yalnızca güvenli bağlanma biçimi ile lider üye etkileşimi kalitesi arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulgulanırken güvensiz bağlanma biçimleri (kaçınan, korkulu, saplantılı) ile lider üye etkileşimi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
Vergi Uyumunu Etkileyen Faktörlerin Vergi Açığına Etkisi
Authors: Akdoğan Tülin , Akdoğan İbrahim
Published: October 2023

Ülkeler mali çıkarlarını korumak amacıyla vergi açığı düzeyine göre vergi sistemlerini yeniden gözden geçirirler. Toplanamayan vergi gelirleri nedeniyle devlet gelir ihtiyacını karşılama yollarını arar. Vergi açığı, gelirin eksik beyan edilmesi, vergilerin eksik ödenmesi ve vergi beyannamesi verilmemesi sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ancak, devletin hizmet ve harcamalarından memnuniyetsizlik, kasıtsız hatalar, vergi mevzuatının karmaşıklığı ve kayıt dışı ekonomi açığın oluşmasında etkili olmaktadır. Devlet vergi açığını ölçerek ödenecek toplam gelirin kimden tahsil edilmesi gerektiğini bilir ve o alana odaklanır ve sorunlu alanlara çözüm üretir. Yüksek derecede vergi uyumu sağlanabildiği taktirde vergi açığı azalır.Vergiye uyum, vergiye karşı tutum ve davranışlara göre şekillenir. Vergi uyumunu olumsuz etkileyen durum ve faktörlerin belirlenmesi vergi açığı probleminin çözümünde önem arz etmektedir. Söz konusu açığın azaltılması için vergi uyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin tespiti gereklilikler arasındadır. Bu çalışmada vergi gelirlerinde kayıpların yaşanmaması için vergi uyumunu etkileyen faktörler incelenerek vergi açığı açısından durum değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
Hazır Giyim Sektöründe Marka Tercihlerinin Markov Zincirleriyle Öngörülmesi
Authors: Şafak Yeliz , Sağlam Vedat , Sağır Murat
Published: October 2023

Hazır giyim sektörü, gelişen pazar şartlarında küreselleşen sektörlerin başında gelir. Bu bağlamda hazır giyim işletmeleri arasında büyük bir rekabet mevcuttur. İşletmelerin geleceğe yönelik satışlarını arttırabilmek, kontrol altına alabilmeleri ve rekabet piyasasındaki paylarını tahmin etmek amacıyla çeşitli yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise hazır giyimdeki markalar için geçiş olasılıkları ve marka tercih olasılıkları Markov zincirleri (MZ) ile tahmin edilmiştir. Bu manada firmaların gelecekte oluşacak satış fırsatlarını değerlendirebilmeleriyle siyasi sorunlar, ekonomik kriz, salgın hastalıklar, depremler gibi ön görüsü mümkün olmayan risklere karşı rakip firmalar karşısında bu firmalara büyük avantaj sağlayacaktır. Çalışmada basit rastgele örnekleme ile seçilen 720 kişiye hazır giyim marka tercihleri (bu zamanda ve bir önceki zamanda kullanılan hazır giyim markaları) ile ilgili anket soruları sorulmuş ve hazır giyim markalarına ait bağımlılıkların ve markalar arası geçiş olasılıklarının tahmin edilmesi için Markov zincirleri geçiş olasılıklarından yararlanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte marka bağımlılıkları, cinsiyet, yaş aralıkları, eğitim düzeyleri ve çalışan- çalışmayanlara göre ayrı ayrı tahmin edilerek genişletilmiştir. Yine anketten elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde elde edilen ilk tercih olasılıkları sayesinde yakın gelecekte markalara ait tercih olasılıkları tahmin edilmiştir. Markov zincirine ait geçiş olasılığının limit dağılımı sayesinde hazır giyim markaların gelecekteki pazar payları tahmin edilmiştir