bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic signature of brain cancer
Authors: Pandey Renu , Caflisch Laura , Lodi Alessia , Brenner Andrew J. , Tiziani Stefano
Published: June 2017

Despite advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy, brain tumors represent one of the leading causes of cancer‐related mortality and morbidity in both adults and children. Gliomas constitute about 60% of all cerebral tumors, showing varying degrees of malignancy. They are difficult to treat due to dismal prognosis and limited therapeutics. Metabolomics is the untargeted and targeted analyses of endogenous and exogenous small molecules, which charact erizes the phenotype of an individual. This emerging “omics” science provides functional readouts of cellular activity that contribute greatly to the understanding of cancer biology including brain tumor biology. Metabolites are highly informative as a direct signature of biochemical activity; therefore, metabolite profiling has become a promising approach for clinical diagnostics and prognostics. The metabolic alterations are well‐recognized as one of the key hallmarks in monitoring disease progression, therapy, and revealing new molecular targets for effective therapeutic intervention. Taking advantage of the latest high‐throughput analytical technologies, that is, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), metabolomics is now a promising field for precision medicine and drug discovery. In the present report, we review the application of metabolomics and in vivo metabolic profiling in the context of adult gliomas and paediatric brain tumors. Analytical platforms such as high‐resolution (HR) NMR, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and high‐ and low‐resolution MS are discussed. Moreover, the relevance of metabolic studies in the development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of gliomas are reviewed.
Differences in p53 status significantly influence the cellular response and cell survival to 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐metformin cotreatment in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Abu el Maaty Mohamed A. , Strassburger Wendy , Qaiser Tooba , Dabiri Yasamin , Wölfl Stefan
Published: June 2017

Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are highly prevalent in cancers and are known to influence the sensitivity of cells to various chemotherapeutics including the anti‐cancer candidates 1,25‐dihydrovitamin D3 [1,25D3] and metformin. Previous studies have demonstrated additive/synergistic anti‐cancer effects of the 1,25D3‐metformin combination in different models, however, the influence of p53 status on the efficacy of this regimen has not been investigated. The CRC colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines HCT116 wild‐type (wt), HCT116 p53−/−, and HT‐29 (mutant; R273H) were employed, covering three different p53 variations. Synergistic effects of the combination were confirmed in all cell lines using MTT assay. Detailed evaluation of the combination's effects was performed, including on‐line measurements of cellular metabolism (glycolysis/respiration) using a biosensor chip system, analyses of mitochondrial activity (membrane potential and ATP/ROS production), mRNA expression analysis of WNT/β‐catenin pathway players, and a comprehensive proteomic screen using immunoblotting and ELISA microarrays. AMPK signaling was found to be more strongly induced in response to all treatments in HCT116 wt cells compared to other cell lines, an observation that was coupled to a stronger accumulation of intracellular ROS in response to metformin/combination, and finally an induction in autophagy, depicted by an increase in LC3II:LC3I ratio in combination‐treated cells compared to mono‐treatments. An induction in apoptotic signaling was observed in the other cell lines in response to the combination, illustrated by a decrease in expression of pro‐survival Bcl2 family members. P53 status impacts cellular responses to the combination but does not hamper its anti‐proliferative synergy.
Optical molecular imaging‐guided radiation therapy part 1: Integrated x‐ray and bioluminescence tomography
Authors: Shi Junwei , Udayakumar Thirupandiyur S. , Wang Zhiqun , Dogan Nesrin , Pollack Alan , Yang Yidong
Published: June 2017

Purpose

X‐ray CT faces challenges in differentiating tumors from surrounding healthy tissues. A bioluminescence tomography (BLT) system which can directly reconstruct the internal luminescent tumors, was developed and integrated with CT system to accurately guide radiation dose delivery.

Methods

The BLT system, employing a lens‐coupled CCD camera, was physically registered with an onboard cone beam CT system in an image‐guided small animal arc radiation treatment system (iSMAART). The onboard CT provides animal anatomy and accurate surface contour used to construct the three‐dimensional mesh for the BLT reconstruction. Bioluminescence projections were captured from multiple angles, once every 90° rotation. The BLT reconstruction was performed on an orthotopic prostate tumor model to evaluate its robustness and accuracy in locating and delineating bioluminescent tumors. The location and volume of the tumor identified from iodinated contrast CT was used to validate the BLT performance. Phantom experiment was also conducted to confirm the precision of BLT‐guided radiation.

Results

The BLT was able to accurately locate the bioluminescent tumors with < 0.5 mm error. The tumor volume in BLT was significantly correlated with that in the iodinated contrast CT (R2 = 0.81, P < 0.001). Phantom experiments further validated that BLT can be used to guide radiation with submillimeter accuracy.

Conclusion

Together with CT, BLT can provide precision radiation guidance and robust tumor volume assessment in small animal cancer research.
Assessment of ferritin content in multiple sclerosis brains using temperature‐induced R*2 changes
Authors: Birkl Christoph , Carassiti Daniele , Hussain Fariha , Langkammer Christian , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz , Schmierer Klaus , Ropele Stefan
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Current MRI techniques cannot reliably assess iron content in white matter due to the confounding diamagnetic effect of myelin. The purpose of this study was to validate with histology a novel iron mapping technique that uses the temperature dependency of the paramagnetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis (MS) brains, where white matter has been reported to show significant variations in iron content.

Methods

We investigated post mortem brain tissue from three MS patients and one control subject. Temperature‐dependent
relaxometry was performed between 4°C and 37°C. The resulting temperature coefficient (
) maps were compared with immunohistochemical stains for ferritin light chain.

Results

Good agreement between
maps and ferritin staining was found by way of visual comparison and quantitative analysis. The highest iron concentrations were detected at the edge of MS lesions and in the basal ganglia. For all regions, except the subcortical U‐fibers, there was a significant negative correlation between the
values and the ferritin count.

Conclusion

This study provides further evidence that
may be a reliable measure of white matter iron content due to the elimination of myelin‐induced susceptibility changes and is well suited for further research into neurological diseases with distortions of the iron homeostasis. Magn Reson Med 79:1609–1615, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Rigid‐body motion correction of the liver in image reconstruction for golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars DCE MRI
Authors: Johansson Adam , Balter James , Cao Yue
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Respiratory motion can affect pharmacokinetic perfusion parameters quantified from liver dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Image registration can be used to align dynamic images after reconstruction. However, intra‐image motion blur remains after alignment and can alter the shape of contrast‐agent uptake curves. We introduce a method to correct for inter‐ and intra‐image motion during image reconstruction.

Methods

Sixteen liver dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI examinations of nine subjects were performed using a golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars sequence. For each examination, an image time series with high temporal resolution but severe streak artifacts was reconstructed. Images were aligned using region‐limited rigid image registration within a region of interest covering the liver. The transformations resulting from alignment were used to correct raw data for motion by modulating and rotating acquired lines in k‐space. The corrected data were then reconstructed using view sharing.

Results

Portal‐venous input functions extracted from motion‐corrected images had significantly greater peak signal enhancements (mean increase: 16%, t‐test,P <  0.001) than those from images aligned using image registration after reconstruction. In addition, portal‐venous perfusion maps estimated from motion‐corrected images showed fewer artifacts close to the edge of the liver.

Conclusions

Motion‐corrected image reconstruction restores uptake curves distorted by motion. Motion correction also reduces motion artifacts in estimated perfusion parameter maps. Magn Reson Med 79:1345–1353, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Intravesical vanilloids for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. A report from the Neuro‐Urology Promotion Committee of the International Continence Society (ICS)
Authors: Phé Véronique , Schneider Marc P. , Peyronnet Benoit , Abo Youssef Nadim , Mordasini Livio , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Bachmann Lucas M. , Kessler Thomas M.
Published: June 2017

Aims

To systematically assess all available evidence on efficacy and safety of vanilloids for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were identified by electronic search of Cochrane register, Embase, Medline, Scopus, (last search January 8, 2016).

Results

After screening of 7848 abstracts, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 3 prospective cohort studies were included. Pooled data from three RCTs evaluating intravesical capsaicin showed the standardized mean difference to be −2.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.87 to −1.45) in incontinence episodes per 24 h and −0.54 (95%CI −1.03 to −0.05) in voids per 24 h. There was no statistically significant effect on maximum cystometric capacity and maximum storage detrusor pressure. Overall, adverse events were reported by >50% of the patients, most commonly were pelvic pain, facial flush, worsening of incontinence, autonomic dysreflexia, urinary tract infection and haematuria. Risk of bias and confounding was relevant in both RCTs and non‐RCTs.

Conclusions

Preliminary data suggest that intravesical vanilloids might be effective for treating NLUTD in patients with MS. However, the safety profile seems unfavorable, the overall quality of evidence is low and no licensed substance is currently available warranting well‐designed, adequately sampled and properly powered RCTs.
Microporous carbon aerogel prepared through ambient pressure drying route as anode material for lithium ion cells
Authors: Alex Ancy Smitha , M.S. Ananda Lekshmi , V. Sekkar , John Bibin , C. Gouri , S.A. Ilangovan
Published: June 2017

Carbon aerogel synthesized through a cost‐effective and easy method was evaluated and found to be a promising anode material for lithium ion cells. Carbon aerogel was prepared by carbonizing resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) aerogel under inert atmosphere. Resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogel in turn was prepared through sol gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde using sodium carbonate as catalyst adopting ambient pressure drying route. The structure and the morphology of the prepared carbon aerogel are investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface area determined using N2–Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The TEM images reveal microporous morphology of the carbon aerogel particles. The evaluation of carbon aerogel as an anode material revealed promising specific capacity synergized with outstanding cyclability. The first cycle specific capacity was 288 mAh/g with an efficiency of 63% at C/10 rate. The material retained a capacity of 96.9% of the initial capacity with about 100% efficiency after 100 cycles, showing the excellent cyclability of the material. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of selective localization of cellulose nanowhiskers on viscoelastic phase separation
Authors: Sanjari Shahrezaei Mohamad Ali , Goharpey Fatemeh , Khademzadeh Yeganeh Jafar
Published: June 2017

Viscoelastic phase separation (VPS) is a fundamental physical phenomenon that creates percolated network structure in dynamically asymmetric mixtures. The object of this study was to investigate the effect of rod shape nanoparticles with different surface chemistries on VPS in the polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether), PS/PVME, blend. For this purpose, hydrophilic (CNWs) and hydrophobic (M‐CNWs) cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) were prepared to be used as nanorods. Rheological measurments were employed to investigate the effect of nanowhiskers on phase separation temperature, kinetics of phase separation, and dynamic asymmetry. The evolution of morphology during the phase separation at a fixed quench depth was assessed using polarized optical microscopy. The nanowhiskers were effective in decreasing the correlation length, which slowed down the phase separation. CNWs self‐assembled into the PVME‐rich phase during the phase separation, which led to a decrease in the dynamic asymmetry and beyond a critical volume fraction of CNWs, the VPS mechanism changed to spinodal decomposition (SD). However, in the presence of M‐CNW, the localization of M‐CNWs into the PS‐rich phase enhanced the dynamic asymmetry and at 2 vol% M‐CNWs, the induced PS‐rich network by VPS was arrested. The linear and non‐linear viscoelastic behavior of the samples were studied as well. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:928–942, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Carbon–sulfur chains: A high‐resolution infrared and quantum‐chemical study of C3S and SC7S
Authors: Dudek John B. , Salomon Thomas , Fanghänel Sven , Thorwirth Sven
Published: June 2017

In the course of a 5 μm high‐resolution infrared study of laser ablation products from carbon–sulfur targets, the ν1 vibrational mode region of linear C3S has been studied continuously from 2046 to 2065 cm−1. Besides the prominent vibrational fundamental, the region was found to feature the
, and even
hot bands, the latter two of which were observed for the first time. Owing to the high signal‐to‐noise ratio obtained, the ν1 mode of
S could also be observed in natural abundance for the first time at high spectral resolution in the infrared. At 2061 cm−1, hidden inside the
branch of the C3S ν1 fundamental mode, a weak new band is observed which exhibits very tight line spacing and stems from a heavy both carbon and sulfur containing carrier. On the basis of high‐level quantum‐chemical calculations of selected carbon–sulfur chains and other carbon‐rich cumulenes, this feature is attributed to the ν5 vibrational fundamental of linear SC7S, which stands for the first gas‐phase spectroscopic detection of this long cumulenic chain.
Accuracy of navigated cam resection in femoroacetabular impingement: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Van Houcke Jan , Khanduja Vikas , Nakano Naoki , Krekel Peter , Pattyn Christophe , Audenaert Emmanuel
Published: June 2017

Background

The main cause for revision hip arthroscopy surgery is incomplete bony resection of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aimed to compare the cam resection accuracy via the conventional hip arthroscopy technique with the navigation technique.

Methods

Two prospectively randomized groups were recruited: navigated (n = 15) and conventional (n = 14). A pre‐operative CT and post‐operative MRI scan were obtained in all cases to compare alpha angle, range of motion simulation and determine a pre‐operative 3D surgical resection plan.

Results

Post‐operatively, the mean maximal alpha angle improved significantly in the navigated group compared with the conventional group (55°vs.66°; P = 0.023), especially in the 12 o’ clock position (45°vs.60°; P = 0.041). However, positioning time and radiation exposure were significantly longer in the navigated group.

Conclusion

Navigated surgery is effective for patients with cam type FAI in helping restore normal anatomy, however, not without drawbacks. Larger studies will be required to validate our results.
SISO model‐based control of separated flows: Sliding mode and optimal control approaches
Authors: Feingesicht Maxime , Polyakov Andrey , Kerhervé Franck , Richard Jean‐Pierre
Published: June 2017

The challenging problem of active control of separated flows is tackled in the present paper using model‐based design principles and applied to data issued from a two‐dimensional separated flow experiment. First, a bilinear state and input delay model of the system has been obtained from experimental data by means of a modified identification procedure. Adequacy and precision of the obtained model are demonstrated and compared with existing results. Next, two control problems (setpoint tracking and optimal control) have been formulated and studied using sliding mode control methodology and averaging analysis. The theoretical control results are supported with numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of prelabor fetal cardiac function with intrapartum fetal compromise and neonatal status at term
Authors: Alsolai A. A. , Bligh L. N. , Greer R. M. , Kumar S.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To investigate prospectively the relationship of fetal cardiac function and Doppler ultrasound parameters with intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) in appropriately grown term fetuses. Secondary aims were to correlate prenatal cardiac function with neonatal acid–base status, intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities and adverse neonatal outcomes.

Methods

This was a blinded, prospective, observational, cohort study of 270 women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy who underwent fortnightly ultrasound assessment from 36 weeks' gestation until delivery at the Mater Mother's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Fetal cardiac output and blood flow parameters were assessed and correlated with intrapartum and neonatal outcomes. The primary outcome was need for operative (either Cesarean or instrumental vaginal) delivery for IFC. Secondary outcome measures were acidosis at birth, 5‐min Apgar score ≤ 7, suspicious or pathological FHR abnormalities and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Results

Two hundred and seventy women were included in the analysis, of whom 51 (18.9%) had an emergency operative delivery for IFC. Fetuses that had emergency delivery for IFC showed lower mean left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) (560 ± 44 mL/min vs 617 ± 73 mL/min; P < 0.001), lower mean LVCO/right ventricular cardiac output (RVCO) ratio (0.55 ± 0.07 vs 0.64 ± 0.11; P < 0.001), lower mean cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) (1.62 ± 0.3 vs 1.90 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) and higher mean RVCO (1026 ± 105 mL/min vs 978 ± 110 mL/min; P = 0.003) compared with those that did not develop IFC. Additionally, LVCO and CPR were lower in fetuses with adverse neonatal outcome.

Conclusion

Term fetuses with estimated fetal weight > 10th centile that develop IFC have evidence of lower LVCO and higher RVCO, which are in turn associated with poorer condition of the newborn. Fetal CPR is positively correlated with LVCO. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A phase Ib study of everolimus combined with metformin for patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Molenaar Remco J. , van de Venne Tim , Weterman Mariëtte J. , Mathot Ron A. , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , Richel Dick J. , Wilmink Johanna W.
Published: June 2017

Background The efficacy to monotherapy with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus in advanced cancer is often limited due to therapy resistance. Combining everolimus with metformin may decrease the chance of therapy resistance. Methods Patients received everolimus and metformin in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme. Objectives were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose, toxic effects, pharmacokinetics and anti-tumour efficacy. Results 9 patients received study treatment for a median duration of 48 days (range: 4–78). 6 patients discontinued due to toxicity and 3 patients because of progressive disease. At the starting dose level of 10 mg everolimus qd and 500 mg metformin bid, 3 out of 5 patients experienced a DLT. After de-escalation to 5 mg everolimus qd and 500 mg metformin bid, considerable toxicity was still observed and patient enrollment was terminated. In pharmacokinetic analyses, metformin was eliminated slower when co-administered with everolimus than as single-agent. After 9 weeks of treatment, 3 patients were still on study and all had stable disease. Conclusion The combination of everolimus and metformin is poorly tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. The pharmacokinetic interaction between everolimus and metformin may have implications for diabetic cancer patients that are treated with these drugs. Our results advocate for future clinical trials with combinations of other mTOR inhibitors and biguanides.
Lipids of the Tail Gland, Body and Muzzle Fur of the Red Fox, Vulpes vulpes
Authors: McLean Stuart , Davies Noel W. , Nichols David S.
Published: June 2017

The tail gland of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) secretes lipids containing volatile terpenes used in social communication. We have analysed lipids extracted from fur of the tail gland, body (flanks) and muzzle of foxes. GC–MS showed a novel group of iso‐valerate and tiglate monoesters of alkane‐1,2‐diols (C18:0–22:0). There was also a larger group of Type II diesters in which a second, longer chain, fatty acid (FA) was attached to the free alcohol group. LC–MS showed the full range of diol diesters, mostly C36:0–50:0, with smaller amounts of the corresponding mono‐unsaturated tiglate esters. An additional group of diesters with higher MW (C49:0–62:0) containing two long‐chain FA was present in the lipids of body and muzzle fur. After saponification and GC–MS, 98 fatty acids were characterized as their methyl esters. Apart from the C5 FA, most were saturated n‐, iso‐, anteiso‐ or other methyl‐branched FA (C12:0–28:0) whose structures were determined by a combination of their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices. Several FA have not previously been found in nature or in vertebrates. Thirty‐four alkane‐1,2‐diols were found as their TMS derivatives, mostly n‐, iso‐ or anteiso‐isomers of C16:0–25:0. The tail gland had the greatest amount of wax esters, from a greater variety of FA and diols, but lacked the esters with two long‐chain FA. These findings show that fox skin lipids comprise mono‐ and di‐esters of alkane‐1,2‐diols, and exhibit enormous complexity due to the diversity of their constituent FA, diols and the many possible isomers of their esters.
Multivariable adaptive distributed leader-follower flight control for multiple UAVs formation
Authors: Xu Y. , Zhen Z.
Published: June 2017

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become more and more popular due to various potential application fields. This paper studies the distributed leader-follower formation flight control problem of multiple UAVs with uncertain parameters for both the leader and followers. This problem has not been addressed in the literature. Most of the existing literature considers the leader-follower formation control strategy with parametric uncertainty for the followers. However, they do not take the leader parametric uncertainty into account. Meanwhile, the distributed control strategy depends on less information interactions and is more likely to avoid information conflict. The dynamic model of the UAVs is established based on the aerodynamic parameters. The establishment of the topology structure between a collection of UAVs is based on the algebraic graph theory. To handle the parametric uncertainty of the UAVs dynamics, a multivariable model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method is addressed to design the control law, which enables follower UAVs to track the leader UAV. The stability of the formation flight control system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show that the proposed distributed adaptive leader-following formation flight control system has stronger robustness and adaptivity than the fixed control system, as well as the existing adaptive control system.
Health Care Student Knowledge and Willingness to Work in Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Patel Rima , Wattamwar Kapil , Kanduri Jaya , Nahass Meghan , Yoon Jennifer , Oh Justin , Shukla Parth , Lacy Clifton R.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Health care workers are critical first responders. Understanding which factors motivate their willingness to work (WTW) during infectious disease outbreaks may guide improvements in preparedness. The perspective of health care students, the future workforce, remains largely unexplored. This study compared factors influencing WTW among medical, nursing, and pharmacy students.

Methods

A printed survey was administered to 631 medical, nursing, and pharmacy students. The questionnaire elicited information regarding prior disaster training, disease-related knowledge, and WTW in the setting of infectious diseases with contact or respiratory transmission.

Results

Analyses of the 579 respondents (92% response rate) demonstrated that students were less fearful for their health and more willing to work during outbreaks with contact transmission than during those with respiratory transmission. Medical students were the most fearful for their health, but they demonstrated the greatest WTW, followed by nursing students, and then pharmacy students. Medical students were also the most knowledgeable about infectious diseases. Prior disaster training was associated with greater WTW.

Conclusions

Extent of disease-related knowledge and prior disaster training appear to influence WTW. Our findings, taken in the context of a remarkable underemphasis on disaster preparedness in health care curricula, call for a broader incorporation of disaster training to improve the WTW of health care students, and, ultimately, health care workers. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:694–700)
Theory and Metrics of Community Resilience: A Systematic Literature Review Based on Public Health Guidelines
Authors: Zamboni Lucila M.
Published: June 2017

A systematic literature review on quantitative methods to assess community resilience was conducted following Institute of Medicine and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute standards. Community resilience is the ability of a community to bounce back or return to normal after a disaster strikes, yet there is no agreement on what this actually means. All studies reviewed addressed natural disasters, but the methodological approaches can be applied to technological disasters, epidemics, and terrorist attacks. Theoretical frameworks consider the association between vulnerability, resilience, and preparedness, yet these associations vary across frameworks. Because of this complexity, indexes based on composite indicators are the predominant methodological tool used to assess community resilience. Indexes identify similar dimensions but observe resilience at both the individual and geographical levels, reflecting a lack of agreement on what constitutes a community. A consistent, cross-disciplinary metric for community resilience would allow for identifying areas to apply short-term versus long-term interventions. A comparable metric for assessing geographic units in multiple levels and dimensions is an opportunity to identify regional strengths and weaknesses, develop timely targeted policy interventions, improve policy evaluation instruments, and grant allocation formulas design. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:756–763)
STRONG COMPLETENESS OF PROVABILITY LOGIC FOR ORDINAL SPACES
Authors: AGUILERA JUAN P. , FERNÁNDEZ-DUQUE DAVID
Published: June 2017

Given a scattered space $\mathfrak{X} = \left( {X,\tau } \right)$ and an ordinal λ, we define a topology $\tau _{ + \lambda } $ in such a way that τ+0 = τ and, when $\mathfrak{X}$ is an ordinal with the initial segment topology, the resulting sequence {τ+λ}λ∈Ord coincides with the family of topologies $\left\{ {\mathcal{I}_\lambda } \right\}_{\lambda \in Ord} $ used by Icard, Joosten, and the second author to provide semantics for polymodal provability logics.

We prove that given any scattered space $\mathfrak{X}$ of large-enough rank and any ordinal λ > 0, GL is strongly complete for τ+λ. The special case where $\mathfrak{X} = \omega ^\omega + 1$ and λ = 1 yields a strengthening of a theorem of Abashidze and Blass.
Generalisation of a quadrilateral duality theorem
Authors: Josefsson Martin
Published: June 2017

We will prove a generalisation to our Theorem 10 about duality between orthodiagonal quadrilaterals and equidiagonal quadrilaterals in [1, p. 134]. These are quadrilaterals with perpendicular diagonals and diagonals of equal lengths respectively. Unfortunately we made a careless mistake in the proof of Theorem 10 (ii) in [1], which was found by Zoltán Szilasi at the University of Debrecen in Hungary. When reviewing that theorem, we realised that it's just a special case of a more general theorem. The equilateral triangles in Theorem 10 can be replaced by almost any regular polygons.
R. S. Ball's Mechanics: bringing Newton to the masses?
Authors: Hollings Christopher D.
Published: June 2017

In 1879, the Irish astronomer Robert Stawell Ball published a slim book entitled simply Mechanics [1]. This book appeared as part of the series of ‘London Science Class-Books’, published by Longmans, Green & Co. These books were intended as elementary science texts for use in schools, and, as a consequence, their mathematical content was quite basic — even for those books on supposedly mathematical topics. In this article, I will look at Ball's handling of his subject, and compare his book to its distant ancestor: Newton's Principia.
Relationship between solar activity and Δ14C peaks in AD 775, AD 994, and 660 BC
Authors: Park Junghun , Southon John , Fahrni Simon , Creasman Pearce Paul , Mewaldt Richard
Published: June 2017

Since the AD 775 and AD 994 Δ14C peak (henceforth M12) was first measured by Miyake et al. (2012, 2013), several possible production mechanisms for these spike have been suggested, but the work of Mekhaldi et al. (2015) shows that a very soft energy spectrum was involved, implying that a strong solar energetic particle (SEP) event (or series of events) was responsible. Here we present Δ14C values from AD 721–820 Sequoiadendron giganteum annual tree-ring samples from Sequoia National Park in California, USA, together with Δ14C in German oak from 650–670 BC. The AD 721–820 measurements confirm that a sharp Δ14C peak exists at AD 775, with a peak height of approximately 15‰ and show that this spike was preceded by several decades of rapidly decreasing Δ14C. A sharp peak is also present at 660 BC, with a peak height of about 10‰, and published data (Reimer et al. 2013) indicate that it too was preceded by a multi-decadal Δ14C decrease, suggesting that solar activity was very strong just prior to both Δ14C peaks and may be causally related. During periods of strong solar activity there is increased probability for coronal mass ejection (CME) events that can subject the Earth’s atmosphere to high fluencies of solar energetic particles (SEPs). Periods of high solar activity (such as one in October–November 2003) can also often include many large, fast CMEs increasing the probability of geomagnetic storms. In this paper we suggest that the combination of large SEP events and elevated geomagnetic activity can lead to enhanced production of 14C and other cosmogenic isotopes by increasing the area of the atmosphere that is irradiated by high solar energetic particles.
Linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and enterolactone affect lipid oxidation and expression of lipid metabolism and antioxidant-related genes in hepatic tissue of dairy cows
Authors: Fortin Émilie , Blouin Richard , Lapointe Jérôme , Petit Hélène V. , Palin Marie-France
Published: June 2017

Although beneficial effects have been attributed to PUFA supplementation in high-yielding dairy cows, diets rich in PUFA may also increase oxidative stress in tissues such as the liver. To fully exploit the health benefits of PUFA, we believe that the addition of natural antioxidants could help in preventing oxidative damage. Using an in vitro precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) tissue culture system, we investigated the effects of different linoleic acid (LA, n-6):α-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) ratios (LA:ALA ratio of 4, LA:ALA ratio of 15 and LA:ALA ratio of 25) in the presence or absence of the antioxidant enterolactone (ENL) on (1) the mRNA abundance of genes with key roles in hepatic lipid metabolism, oxidative stress response and inflammatory processes, (2) oxidative damages to lipids and proteins and (3) superoxide dismutase activity in early-lactating dairy cows. The addition of LA and ALA to PCLS culture media increased oxidative damage to lipids as suggested by higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 target genes. The addition of ENL was effective in preventing lipid peroxidation caused by LA and ALA. Transcript abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 and its lipogenic target genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was decreased with LA and ALA, whereas ENL decreased FASN and SCD gene expression. Our results show that addition of LA and ALA to PCLS culture media lowers hepatic lipogenic gene expression and increases oxidative damages to lipids. On the other hand, addition of ENL prevents oxidative damages provoked by these PUFA.
The effects of a Meso-Alpine collision event on the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Peloritani mountain belt (eastern Sicily, southern Italy)
Authors: CATALANO STEFANO , CIRRINCIONE ROSOLINO , MAZZOLENI PAOLO , PAVANO FRANCESCO , PEZZINO ANTONIO , ROMAGNOLI GINO , TORTORICI GIUSEPPE
Published: June 2017

The Peloritani Mountains, in the southern part of the Calabrian Terranes, southern Italy, have been classically interpreted as the product of the Paleogene brittle deformation of the European continental back-stop of the Neotethyan subduction complex. This reconstruction conflicts with the occurrence of an Alpine metamorphic overprint that affected portions of both the Variscan metamorphic units and part of the Mesozoic sedimentary covers of the mountain belt. New field data, integrated with petrographic, micro- and meso-structural analyses and stratigraphic investigation of the syn-tectonic terrigenous covers, well constrain a Paleogene collision event along the Africa–Nubia convergent margin that caused the exhumation of the Alpine metamorphic units of the Peloritani Mountains. The syn-collisional exhumation was associated with shearing along two major Africa-verging crustal thrusts arising from the positive tectonic inversion of the former European palaeomargin. Early tectonic motions occurred within the mountain belts and produced the exhumation of the external portions of the edifice. Later tectonic motions occurred along the sole-thrust of the entire edifice and caused the definitive exhumation of the entire mountain belt. The whole crustal thrusting lasted for a period ofc. 10 Ma, during the entire Oligocene. The definitive southwestward emplacement of the Peloritani Mountain Belt onto the Neotethyan accretionary wedge was followed by two Late Oligocene – Early Miocene NW–SE-oriented right lateral shear zones, replacing the previous crustal thrust. These two strike-slip belts are interpreted as the surface expression of the deep-seated suture zone between the colliding Africa and Europe continental crusts.
INTERNET CASES IN EU PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW—DEVELOPING A COHERENT APPROACH
Authors: Lutzi Tobias
Published: June 2017

Internet communication has long been known to pose a challenge to private international law and its reliance on geographical connecting factors. This article looks at the problem from the perspective of EU private international law and argues that the way in which it has been accommodated by Regulations Brussels I, Rome I, and II conflicts with some of its central paradigms. It advances an alternative approach that would generally submit claims against information society service providers established in the EU to the jurisdiction and substantive laws of their ‘country of origin’ but make certain exceptions for private persons and consumers. The article argues that implementing such an approach would require little legislative change, be more faithful to the particularities of internet communication, and give greater effect to the central paradigms of EU private international law.
A hundred years’ tale: rediscovery ofMollinedia stenophylla(Monimiaceae) in the Atlantic rainforest, Brazil
Authors: de Lírio Elton John , Freitas Joelcio , Negrão Raquel , Martinelli Gustavo , Peixoto Ariane Luna
Published: June 2017

The plantMollinedia stenophyllaPerkins (Monimiaceae) is endemic to southern Brazil and, until 2015, had not been seen for 122 years. We located a single population of the species on the margin of a watercourse in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro state. We describe the location of the species, comment on its morphology, ecology and conservation, assess its conservation status, propose conservation measures, and discuss the potential value of local action plans for this and other narrow endemic plant species.Mollinedia stenophyllahas whorled leaves, clonal reproduction and a low height, unusual traits in the genusMollinedia.Using the IUCN Red List criteria we assess the species as Critically Endangered. This example highlights the importance of investing time in plant surveys and taxonomy, especially in megadiverse countries such as Brazil.
‘Moving past the feeling’: emotion in Arcade Fire'sFuneral
Authors: Spitzer Michael
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on Arcade Fire's 2004 first album,Funeral. It is analytical in orientation, offering close (analytical) readings of Funeral's 10 tracks from the standpoint of reception of the album as particularly ‘emotional’. In order to explain Funeral's generation of extreme emotion, the article applies tools from current formal theory, particularly the theory of sentence phrase-structure. It connects sentence form with Spicer's notion of (ac)cumulative processes. With a nod to Osborn's article on ‘terminal climax’, it shows how Arcade Fire's sentential forms are unusually directed towards anthemic climaxes, associated with emotional breakthrough. The article also explores the tension in the music, grounded in the indie ethos in general, between ‘spectacular’ stasis and forward motion.
Initial assessment of a novel delivery system (NuDEL™®) for the covered Cheatham-Platinum stent
Authors: Morgan Gareth J. , Kenny Damien , Duke Christopher , Walsh Kevin P. , Qureshi Shakeel A.
Published: June 2017

Aims

We sought to evaluate the first-in-man use of a new system for implantation of covered stents in patients with complex structural and CHD.

Methods and results

Retrospective data were collected of the first 13 NuDEL™ delivery systems used in patients. The NuDEL™ comprises a covered Cheatham-Platinum stent mounted on a balloon-in-balloon and pre-loaded in a long delivery sheath. Data were collected from three centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A total of 13 covered stents were delivered via 12 NuDEL™ delivery systems in 12 patients. Among them, six patients had coarctation of the aorta, five patients had right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, and one patient had severe stenosis of a Mustard systemic venous baffle. There were no complications, and all the stents were deployed in the desired position with satisfactory haemodynamic results.

Conclusions

The development of a bespoke system of a pre-mounted, pre-loaded covered stent may negate some of the technical challenges that complicate large-calibre stent deployment. Our preliminary results suggest that the NuDEL™ system is a safe and effective means of covered stent deployment in challenging anatomy.
Mass-Gathering Medical Care in Electronic Dance Music Festivals
Authors: FitzGibbon Kathleen M. , Nable Jose V. , Ayd Benjamin , Lawner Benjamin J. , Comer Angela C. , Lichenstein Richard , Levy Matthew J. , Seaman Kevin G. , Bussey Ian
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Electronic dance music (EDM) festivals represent a unique subset of mass-gathering events with limited guidance through literature or legislation to guide mass-gathering medical care at these events.

Hypothesis/Problem

Electronic dance music festivals pose unique challenges with increased patient encounters and heightened patient acuity under-estimated by current validated casualty predication models.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of three separate EDM festivals with analysis of patient encounters and patient transport rates. Data obtained were inserted into the predictive Arbon and Hartman models to determine estimated patient presentation rate and patient transport rates.

Results

The Arbon model under-predicted the number of patient encounters and the number of patient transports for all three festivals, while the Hartman model under-predicted the number of patient encounters at one festival and over-predicted the number of encounters at the other two festivals. The Hartman model over-predicted patient transport rates for two of the three festivals.

Conclusion

Electronic dance music festivals often involve distinct challenges and current predictive models are inaccurate for planning these events. The formation of a cohesive incident action plan will assist in addressing these challenges and lead to the collection of more uniform data metrics.

FitzGibbonKM, NableJV, AydB, LawnerBJ, ComerAC, LichensteinR, LevyMJ, SeamanKG, BusseyI. Mass-gathering medical care in electronic dance music festivals. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(5):563–567.
Africa Initiative for Planetary and Space Sciences
Authors: Baratoux David , Chennaoui-Aoudjehane Hasnaa , Gibson Roger , Lamali Atmane , Reimold Wolf , Sapah Marian , Chabou Moulley , Habarulema John , Jessell Mark , Mogessie Aberra , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Nkhonjera Elyvin , Mukosi Ndivhuwo , Kaire Maram , Rochette Pierre , Sickafoose Amanda , Martínez-Frías Jesús , Hofmann Axel , Folco Luigi , Rossi Angelo , Faye Gayane , Kolenberg Katrien , Tekle Kelali , Belhai Djelloul , Elyajouri Meriem , Koeberl Christian , Abdeen Mamdouh
Published: June 2017

Elevating planetary and space sciences across Africa could help nations reach their development goals. Efforts will require collaboration, creativity, efficient planning, and political will.
Titanium particle-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are mediated by the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway
Authors: Gu Ye , Wang Zhirong , Shi Jiawei , Wang Liangliang , Hou Zhenyang , Guo Xiaobin , Tao Yunxia , Wu Xiexing , Zhou Wei , Liu Yu , Zhang Wen , Xu Yaozeng , Yang Huilin , Xue Feng , Geng Dechun
Published: June 2017

Wear debris-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are critical in the initiation of peri-prosthetic osteolysis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway, which is important for bone formation in this pathological condition. We established a titanium (Ti) particle-stressed murine MC3T3-E1 cell culture system and calvariae osteolysis model to test the hypothesis that Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are mediated by the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway. Our findings showed that Ti particles reduced osteogenic differentiation induced by osteogenesis-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, as well as pSer9-GSK-3β expression and β-catenin signal activity. Downregulation of GSK-3β activity attenuated Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition, whereas the β-catenin inhibitor reversed this protective effect. Moreover, the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway mediated the upregulation of RANKL and downregulation of OPG in Ti particle-stressed MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, our in vivo results showed that Ti particles induced bone loss via regulating GSK-3β and β-catenin signals. Based on these results, we concluded that the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway mediates the adverse effects of Ti particles on osteoblast differentiation and bone destruction, and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of peri-prosthetic osteolysis.
Microbiota-derived butyrate suppresses group 3 innate lymphoid cells in terminal ileal Peyer’s patches
Authors: Kim Sae-Hae , Cho Byeol-Hee , Kiyono Hiroshi , Jang Yong-Suk
Published: June 2017

The regional specialization of intestinal immune cells is affected by the longitudinal heterogeneity of environmental factors. Although the distribution of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is well characterized in the lamina propria, it is poorly defined in Peyer’s patches (PPs) along the intestine. Given that PP ILC3s are closely associated with mucosal immune regulation, it is important to characterize the regulatory mechanism of ILC3s. Here, we found that terminal ileal PPs of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice have fewer NKp46+ ILC3s than jejunal PPs, while there was no difference in NKp46+ ILC3 numbers between terminal ileal and jejunal PPs in antibiotics (ABX)-treated mice. We also found that butyrate levels in the terminal ileal PPs of SPF mice were higher than those in the jejunal PPs of SPF mice and terminal ileal PPs of ABX-treated mice. The reduced number of NKp46+ ILC3s in terminal ileal PPs resulted in a decrease in Csf2 expression and, in turn, resulted in reduced regulatory T cells and enhanced antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Thus, we suggest that NKp46+ ILC3s are negatively regulated by microbiota-derived butyrate in terminal ileal PPs and the reduced ILC3 frequency is closely associated with antigen-specific immune induction in terminal ileal PPs.
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) induce proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS via Wnt5a signaling
Authors: Wu Ting , Zhang Juan , Geng Mingxing , Tang Shao-Jun , Zhang Wenping , Shu Jianhong
Published: June 2017

HAART is very effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication in patients. However, patients staying on long-term HAART still develop various HIV-associated neurological disorders, even when the viral load is low. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown. Emerging evidence implicated that persistent neuroinflammation plays an important role in NeuroAIDS. Although residual virus or viral proteins are commonly thought as the causal factors, we are interested in the alternative possibility that HAART critically contributes to the neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). To test this hypothesis, we have determined the effect of NRTIs on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the various CNS regions. Mice (C57Bl/6) were administered with AZT (Zidovudine 100 mg/kg/day), 3TC (Lamivudine 50 mg/kg/day) or D4T (Stavudine 10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, and cortices, hippocampi and spinal cords were collected for immunoblotting. Our results showed that NRTI administration up-regulated cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in various CNS regions. In addition, we found that NRTIs also up-regulated Wnt5a protein. Importantly, BOX5 attenuated NRTI-induced cytokine up-regulation. These results together suggest that NRTIs up-regulate proinflammatory cytokines via a Wnt5a signaling-dependent mechanism. Our findings may help understand the potential pathogenic mechanisms of HAART-associated NeuroAIDS and design effective adjuvants.