bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O infundado entusiasmo com a participação privada em infraestrutura
Authors: CHERNAVSKY EMILIO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO Apesar do entusiasmo disseminado com a participação privada na provisão de infraestrutura, as avaliações internacionais dos seus resultados são raras e inconclusivas. Os órgãos de auditoria são geralmente céticos quanto à sua superioridade, as instituições multilaterais têm sido cautelosas, e a população, crítica em muitos países. Mostro que esses resultados frustrantes estão associados aos lucros extraordinários e ao lento avanço da produtividade derivados da competição reduzida e da regulação ineficaz comuns no setor, e aponto razões que explicam essa situação. Argumento que o entusiasmo é infundado teórica e empiricamente, e se apoia na aceitação ideológica de duas hipóteses cruciais, altamente questionáveis.
O futuro do capitalismo para Branko Milanović
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE DAVID BELTRÃO SIMONS TAVARES DE
Published: July 2021

RESUMO O artigo analisa o último livro de Branko Milanović, Capitalism, Alone: the future of the System That Rules the World, publicado em 2019, de acordo com publicações recentes. Primeiro, é apresentada a visão geral do livro. Segundo, suas relações com outras publicações semelhantes. Terceiro, a análise detalhada do livro e, finalmente, alguns de seus problemas argumentativos em relação à realidade social e econômica brasileira.
Cladode size and collection time for pitahaya propagation
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Gabriela Fontanetti , Ferreira Antonio Flávio Arruda , Malagutti Emely da Silva , Pinto Milena dos Santos , Monteiro Laís Naiara Honorato , Sá Marco Eustáquio de
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Cutting is a propagation method with the advantages of early production and uniform cultivation. Some factors influence propagation and rooting, such as the cutting size and the time of year the collection is performed. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the ideal size of white-fleshed red pitahaya cladodes and the time of their collection for crop propagation by cutting in view of the physiological quality of the produced clonal plants to enable more appropriate cultural management and increase the cultivation area. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Engineering (UNESP) using three cladode sizes (cuttings) with lengths of 10, 20 and 40 cm collected in two seasons (summer and winter). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a split-time scheme, with no dependence on the factors and 20 replicates. Evaluations of the biometric factors related to sprouts and cladode rooting were carried out 60 days after cutting. According to the results, there were significant differences among treatments, with a significant interaction of the number of sprouts. It can be concluded that, regarding the size of the cladodes, it is recommended, when possible, to use cladodes 40 cm in length; regarding the time of collection, it is recommended that collection be conducted in the winter period to favor the development of better-quality clonal plants.
Physiological adjustments, fiber yield and quality of colored cotton BRS Topázio cultivar under leaf silicon spraying
Authors: Ferraz Rener Luciano de Souza , Costa Patrícia da Silva , Magalhães Ivomberg Dourado , Medeiros Aldair de Souza , Viégas Pedro Roberto Almeida , Melo Alberto Soares de
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses reduce the yield and quality of cotton production, however, this problem may be mitigated by exogenous elicitors. This study investigated physiological adjustments, improvement in productivity, and fiber yield and quality from naturally colored cotton BRS Topázio cultivar under leaf silicon spraying. Five doses of silicon (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg L-1) were tested in a completely randomized design. The variables assessed were physiological, production, fiber yield and quality. Data were submitted to principal component analysis, multivariate and univariate variance, and multiple linear regression. Silicon promotes physiological adjustments, increased production, cotton fiber yield and quality. Optimum silicon dose varies depending on the variable response. Fiber quality from plants treated with silicon is within the expected pattern for this cultivar and the international standard D-4605 of the American Society for Testing and Materials. Therefore, planting BRS Topázio cultivar under silicon foliar applications may be recommended to improve the naturally colored fiber cotton production chain in the Brazilian semiarid region.
Water balance of an Atlantic forest remnant under a prolonged drought period
Authors: Rodrigues André Ferreira , Mello Carlos Rogério de , Terra Marcela de Castro Nunes Santos , Beskow Samuel
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Since prolonged droughts have impacted Atlantic forests in Southeastern Brazil, further investigations to understand the effects of such stressful conditions in their hydrological behavior are required. This study aimed to assess the changes in the water balance of a semi-deciduous Atlantic forest remnant and how the forest responds to droughts. The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index was applied to identify droughts (from 1961 to 2019) and their severity in both the hydrological year and summer scales. Drought impacts on actual evapotranspiration, potential percolation, and soil water storage were assessed using Hydrus-1D, having net precipitation and potential evapotranspiration as inputs. Error analyses (< 10%) confirmed Hydrus-1D suitability for simulating soil moisture. Uncertainties regarding the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity are due to preferential flows, which are not accounted for in Richards’ equation. Drought intensification changed forest hydrology and triggered physiological responses to deal with it. Semi-deciduous Atlantic forests are adapted to dry conditions because of the existence of dry-affiliated species and the activation of physiological mechanisms. However, such adaptations responded differently regarding the drought scales. The intensification of summer droughts increased evapotranspiration and decreased the potential percolation. Leaf shedding changed the canopy structure in a two-year time lag as a response to the intensification of hydrological year droughts. Changes in forest hydrology are sudden and trigger physiological responses, such as leaf shedding, in a delayed process after droughts take place.
Are Brazilian adolescents eating enough fruits and vegetables? An assessment using data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents
Authors: BRITO Alessandra Page , CALDAS Eloisa Dutra
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the usual consumption of fruits and vegetables by Brazilian adolescents. Methods We used 24-hour dietary recall data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents conducted in 2013-2014 with 71,740 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old. The usual consumption of fruits and vegetables was estimated in the Statistical Analysis Software using the model of the United States National Cancer Institute, and evaluated according to sex, age, place of residence, economic class, and nutritional status of the participants. Results The mean of usual fruit and vegetable consumption was estimated at 171g/day, mostly fruits (128g/day), mainly in the form of fruit juice (64.8%). The minimum fruit and vegetable consumption of 400g/day recommended by the World Health Organization was reached only by 2% of the adolescents. The adolescents’ socioeconomic class or nutritional status had no impact on the usual fruit and vegetable consumption, but adolescents from northern Brazil had a significantly lower consumption than those from the midwestern region. Orange was both the most consumed fruit on a daily basis (mean of 42.6g/day, 90% as juice) and the most reported fruit (by 12.7% of the adolescents), followed by apples (10g/day; 5.6%) and bananas (8.4g/day; 8.3%). Tomato was the most consumed vegetable (9.2g/day), reported by 11.5% of the adolescents. Conclusion Public health policies are necessary to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption among Brazilian adolescents, including of pure juice, essential foods to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood.
Análise espaço-temporal da epidemia do HIV em idosos num estado amazônico brasileiro
Authors: Moraes Thayse Moraes de , Fernandes Wellingtton Augusto Andrade , Paes Carlos Jaime Oliveira , Ferreira Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff , Gonçalves Lucia Hisako Takase , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro
Published: July 2021

Resumo Objetivo Analisar espaço-temporalmente a incidência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) entre idosos no estado do Pará, Brasil, nos anos de 2007 a 2018. Método Estudo ecológico utilizando notificações de casos de HIV/Aids em idosos provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A taxa de incidência do HIV/Aids foi analisada temporalmente pelo método de joinpoint e espacialmente pelas técnicas de autocorrelação de Moran, de varredura e de regressão espacial. Resultados 2.639 notificações de HIV/Aids foram elegíveis para o estudo, sendo 1.725 (65,4%) em homens e 914 (34,6%) em mulheres. No período do estudo houve aumento de 2.422,5% na taxa de incidência de HIV nos homens e de 1.929,8% nas mulheres, sendo o oposto, observado para a taxa de incidência de Aids que aumentou 77,6% nas mulheres e 40,7% nos homens. O método joinpoint revelou tendência crescente para a taxa de incidência de HIV (APC=30%, p=0,00) e de estabilidade para taxa de incidência de Aids (APC=3,0%, p=0,2). Os municípios mais impactados pela epidemia do HIV foram os do meridional sudeste paraense com moderada associação (R2=0,65) ao seu crescimento populacional. A análise de varredura espaço-temporal apontou Belém como zona de risco para o HIV/Aids (RR=3,93, p=0,00; 2017-2018) Conclusão Enquanto a incidência de Aids em idosos paraenses permaneceu estável no período de 2007 a 2018, a de HIV tendeu a crescer. O maior impacto da epidemia ocorreu nos municípios do sudeste paraense com associação ao crescimento populacional, e Belém apresentou risco espaço-temporal para o HIV/Aids.
Avaliação em uma residência de radiologia: elaboração de um novo instrumento e experiência inicial
Authors: Macêdo Francisco Pires Negromonte de , Vilar Maria José Pereira , Macêdo Marcelle Alves Borba Negromonte de
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Introdução: A educação médica baseada em competências tem despertado interesse nas últimas décadas. A avaliação do educando constitui um de seus pilares centrais, devendo ser contínua, fundamentada em critérios claros e eminentemente formativa, sempre provendo feedback. A sistematização dos métodos de avaliação envolve variáveis como confiabilidade, validade, aceitabilidade, impacto educacional e custo. Na radiologia, a literatura carece de instrumentos específicos de avaliação, especialmente em programas de residência médica no Brasil. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos elaborar e implementar um instrumento avaliativo com caráter formativo para o Programa de Residência Médica em Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (PRM-RDI) do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Huol-UFRN), que englobe competências específicas e crie oportunidades para feedback nos cenários de prática. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem descritiva, exploratória e de intervenção, com três etapas. As duas primeiras consistiram em oficinas com médicos residentes e preceptores: uma para conceituação e compreensão da avaliação por competências e de técnicas de feedback, e outra para construção coletiva de um instrumento avaliativo adequado à radiologia, definindo as competências mais importantes a serem avaliadas. Na terceira etapa, os pesquisadores acompanharam a aplicação inicial do instrumento pelos preceptores. Resultado: As duas oficinas tiveram participação de três pesquisadores, 16 preceptores e cinco residentes. O instrumento de avaliação resultante contém inicialmente um cabeçalho para preenchimento de dados do residente e do avaliador, do local e exame realizado. Há ainda sete competências que devem ser avaliadas em relação ao esperado para o nível do residente e uma escala para conceito geral da avaliação, seguida de campos para comentários do preceptor e do residente. O instrumento foi aplicado 33 vezes nos cenários de prática, num período de seis meses. Conclusão: A realização de oficinas de capacitação para os preceptores, com a introdução de uma nova cultura de avaliação, foi fundamental para a construção e experiência inicial na aplicação do instrumento no referido programa. O instrumento apresentou viabilidade, baixo custo e teve boa aceitabilidade entre preceptores e residentes, servindo como marco inicial na busca por uma avaliação sistematizada na residência médica na área de radiologia.
Volunteering among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: what should be taken into account?
Authors: Cassiano Matheus Santarosa , Neves Veiga-Junior Nelio , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , Passeri Silvia Maria Riceto Ronchim , Bicudo Angelica Maria
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Introduction: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the universities suspended in-person activities and medical education adapted from the traditional format to virtual scenarios. Thus, the volunteering activities might improve the apprenticeship in critical situations and constitute a way to obtain competences and clinical skills. Objective: to identify the frequency of student volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated factors. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed targeting medical students in their last 3 years at a medical school in Brazil. Three hundred and fifty invitations were sent by email to ask students to participate in a self-administered, anonymous electronic survey during the pandemic. The primary outcome was the frequency of volunteer activities. Sociodemographic variables and characteristics of the medical students’ activities were the dependent variables for the multivariate analysis that calculated the factors associated with volunteering. Results: One hundred and twenty-five respondents (35.8% response rate) were included in the analysis (no missing data). The frequency of volunteering was 52% and most of the participants were females (63.2%) and all had access to online activities. Telemedicine was the most frequent activity (56/65). After the multivariate analysis, it was found that a family income of 5.1-10 minimal wages (OR=2.32[0.94-6.42]), expressing the ability and confidence in a pandemic situation (OR=4.91[1.49-16.2]) and considering e-learning important before the pandemic (OR=16.46[1.35-200.32]) and exposure of more than 120 minutes to social media platforms were less motivating for volunteering. Conclusion: About half of the medical students volunteered during the COVID-19 pandemic. The presence of self-confidence, with previous training in a pandemic situation motivated the students to volunteer.
Aromatic profiling of flavor active compounds in sugarcane spirits aged in tropical wooden barrels
Authors: Bortoletto Aline Marques , Silvello Giovanni Casagrande , Alcarde André Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Abstract The production of high quality spirits implies an aging period in wooden barrels, resulting in numerous physicochemical reactions between the wood and the beverage. Oak is the main wood used in the aging process of alcoholic beverages worldwide. However, in Brazil, the use of tropical wood species can be a viable option, allowing for innovation in the characteristics of spirits. This study aimed to determine the aromatic profiling of flavor active compounds in Brazilian sugarcane spirit (cachaça) after a 12-month aging period in new 225-L toasted and non-toasted barrels made from the tropical wood species cerejeira [Amburana cearensis (Fr. Allem.) A.C. Smith], castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa Humboldt & Bonpland), and cabreúva (Myrocarpus frondosus Allemão). The chemical characterization was carried out using the Gas-Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) scan mode, and the identification targeted on flavor active compounds (esters, alcohols, organic acids, phenolic compounds, and terpenes). Toasted and non-toasted cerejeira barrels intensified the contents of phenolic compounds in cachaça. The samples aged in cerejeira barrels exhibited the most complex profile, mainly related to organic acids and phenolic compounds. However, cabreúva barrels transferred significant aromatic terpenes to cachaça. This research presented a novel focus on the aromatic profiling of flavor active compounds in cachaça aged in barrels made from tropical wood species.
“Da minha sala pra sua”: teorizando o fenômeno das lives em mídias sociais
Authors: Lupinacci Ludmila
Published: July 2021

Resumo Nos últimos anos, as mais populares plataformas de mídias sociais incorporaram a possibilidade de seus usuários criarem, compartilharem e assistirem vídeos ao vivo. Nas chamadas lives, músicos, políticos, influenciadores e pessoas comuns fazem transmissões com variados níveis de improviso e flutuantes esforços de produção, frequentemente a partir do espaço íntimo de seus ambientes domésticos. Este artigo objetiva posicionar criticamente a emergência das lives no contexto da cultura da conectividade, e propor notas teóricas para a compreensão desse fenômeno que ganhou nova visibilidade graças ao isolamento social. São identificados tipos considerados exemplares — aqui denominados lives musicais, conversacionais, instrutivas, de pronunciamento e de companhia. Além disso, são apontados como aspectos centrais às lives o imediatismo, a aparente autenticidade — resultante da relativa imprevisibilidade, mas também de esforços em criar impressões de espontaneidade, familiaridade, intimidade e transparência – e a sensação de experiência compartilhada.
Entre o permanente e o transitório: uma análise semiótica das marcas Todecacho e Meu Liso
Authors: Fernandes Pablo Moreno , Belmiro Dalila Maria Musa
Published: July 2021

Resumo Neste trabalho analisamos duas linhas de produtos da marca brasileira Salon Line: Todecacho, dirigida para o cuidado aos fios crespos e cacheados; e Meu Liso, destinada aos cuidados dos cabelos lisos. O objetivo é identificar, por meio da semiótica da expressividade marcária (PEREZ, 2017), o potencial sígnico contido nos nomes das linhas de produtos e de seus respectivos slogans, a partir do repertório cultural da sociedade brasileira. Os resultados da análise apontam para reforços de estruturas racistas, tanto no nome quanto no slogan, uma vez que Todecacho afirma uma transitoriedade dos cabelos, importante elemento de afirmação da identidade negra, ao passo que Meu Liso demonstra a ideia de posse e permanência dos fios lisos.
Ética Algorítmica: questões e desafios éticos do avanço tecnológico da sociedade da informação
Authors: Rossetti Regina , Angeluci Alan
Published: July 2021

Resumo A Quarta Revolução Industrial inseriu na vida cotidiana a Inteligência Artificial (IA) e seus algoritmos. Essa nova realidade tecnológica requer uma profunda reflexão ética e enseja a necessidade de pensar sobre uma Ética Algorítmica. Partindo de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo propõe uma definição do termo e desenvolve uma reflexão sobre as principais questões suscitadas pela presença dos algoritmos nas mediações da vida humana contemporânea, referentes à falibilidade, opacidade, viés, discriminação, autonomia, privacidade e responsabilidade. Situando-a no domínio de uma ética aplicada, pondera-se sobre a conjunção das camadas humanas e computacionais na tomada de consciência diante dos dilemas.
Deixa a gira girar: as lives de Teresa Cristina em tempos de escuta conexa
Authors: Janotti Junior Jeder Silveira , Queiroz Tobias Arruda
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este artigo observa como a música pode servir de vetor para os processos de narrativização e mediação dos aspectos estéticos, políticos, socioculturais e tecnológicos agenciados por artistas, oriundos do universo musical, em ambientes de mídias de conectividade. Esse trajeto nos permitiu observar como a narrativização da escuta nas lives de Teresa Cristina no Instagram acabou por desvelar o marcado jogo de gênero, raça e territorialidade que atravessam o universo artístico brasileiro, apontando para novas possibilidades de configuração das lives musicais em plataformas on-line quando observadas através das lentes do ecossistema de mídias de conectividade.
Ecos do fim do mundo em três perspectivas
Authors: Serva Leão Pinto
Published: July 2021

Resumo Ao final de 2020, foram lançados em Berlim a exposição e o livro Bielderatlas Mnemosyne – The Original, que reconstituem a obra monumental que o estudioso alemão Aby Warburg (1866-1929) deixou inacabada ao morrer. Até hoje, o trabalho só era conhecido pelas fotos em preto e branco, feitas por Warburg, dos 63 painéis que havia finalizado. Por 10 anos, dois estudiosos alemães buscaram encontrar as imagens que Warburg usou, e reconstituir a forma original, com cores e tamanho até então esquecidos.
O grau de exchange rate pass-through na economia brasileira no período pós Real
Authors: Ferreira Giuliano de Queiroz , Mattos Leonardo Bornacki de
Published: July 2021

Resumo O problema de pesquisa desse artigo encontra-se associado à identificação do grau de repasse cambial para os preços das exportações e importações referente à economia brasileira. Estima-se o grau de repasse cambial, entre janeiro de 2000 e junho de 2016, por meio dos modelos ARDL e DOLS para dados em painel. Adicionalmente, utiliza-se o filtro de Kalman na estimação dos repasses cambiais variáveis no tempo. Os resultados empíricos evidenciam a existência de um grau de repasse cambial para os preços das exportações incompleto e inferior ao obtido para as importações (valor médio de 36% e 100%, respectivamente). Nesse contexto, as políticas econômicas que visam elevar as exportações brasileiras, via depreciação cambial, podem não ser o instrumento mais adequado de fomento do crescimento econômico, considerando o baixo grau de competitividade das exportações e o potencial impacto do alto grau de repasse cambial para os preços das importações sobre o nível geral de preços.
Diversificação produtiva da manufatura brasileira
Authors: Tessarin Milene Simone , Morceiro Paulo César , Guilhoto Joaquim José Martins
Published: July 2021

Resumo Este estudo fez uma análise exploratória da diversificação produtiva brasileira com informações oficiais inéditas de plantas multiprodutos obtidas da Pesquisa Industrial Anual do IBGE. O estudo é inovador por apresentar dados diretos de produção de plantas multiprodutos e elaborar um parâmetro para comparação entre os setores diversificados e não diversificados. Outro diferencial refere-se ao elevado nível de desagregação setorial, que inclui cerca de 100 setores da manufatura. Os resultados apontam que a parcela dos setores com empresas que diversificam a produção é pequena, contudo, é representativo em termos de receita líquida de vendas e valor da produção. Os indicadores econômicos da parcela diversificada mostraram-se mais significantes e se ampliam conforme o nível de diversificação aumenta. Constatou-se que setores de baixa e média-baixa tecnologia tendem a diversificar mais para setores próximos (intra-indústria) enquanto alta e média-alta tecnologia diversificam tanto para setores intra como inter-indústria.
Internacionalização e dependência estrutural: empresas estrangeiras e a trajetória errante da economia brasileira
Authors: Pereira Adriano José , Dathein Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Resumo O artigo analisa a internacionalização da estrutura produtiva industrial brasileira, ampliada e aprofundada durante a década de 1990 e início dos anos 2000, com o objetivo de avaliar se esse processo foi benéfico para o desenvolvimento nacional. Enfatiza-se o comércio intrafirma das empresas de capital estrangeiro da indústria de transformação brasileira, a partir dos dados do Censo de Capitais Estrangeiros do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB), para os anos de 1995, 2000 e 2005. A crescente internacionalização da estrutura produtiva industrial aprofundou uma histórica relação de dependência, a qual ganhou maior dimensão quando o Brasil se tornou uma economia mais aberta e mais atrativa ao investimento externo direto, a partir da década de 1990. Conclui-se que o aumento da participação das empresas transnacionais (ETNs) na economia brasileira, e a forma como o Brasil se inseriu nas Cadeias Globais de Valor (CGVs), contribuiu para aumentar a dependência estrutural, com efeitos negativos sobre o desenvolvimento.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN ADULTS WITH EROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS
Authors: BAIMA Diego Cardoso , CARVALHO Nayara Salgado , BARBUTI Ricardo Correa , NAVARRO-RODRIGUEZ Tomas
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The intestinal microbiota influences the appropriate function of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal dysbiosis may be associated with a higher risk of esophageal lesions, mainly due to changes in gastroesophageal motility patterns, elevation of intra-abdominal pressure, and increased frequency of transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal microbiota in individuals with erosive esophagitis and in healthy individuals using metagenomics. METHODS: A total of 22 fecal samples from adults aged between 18 and 60 years were included. Eleven individuals had esophagitis (eight men and three women) and 11 were healthy controls (10 men and one woman). The individuals were instructed to collect and store fecal material into a tube containing guanidine solution. The DNA of the microbiota was extracted from each fecal samples and PCR amplification was performed using primers for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM platform and the data were analyzed using the QIIME™ software version 1.8. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and the ANOSIM non-parametric method based on distance matrix. RESULTS: The alpha-diversity and beta-diversity indices were similar between the two groups, without statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in the phylum level. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae (0.3% vs 2.0%, P=0.032) and in the genus Faecaliumbacterium (10.5% vs 4.5%, P=0.045) between healthy controls and esophagitis patients. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that reduced abundance of the genus Faecaliumbacterium and greater abundance of the family Clostridiaceae may be risk factors for the development of erosive esophagitis. Intervention in the composition of the intestinal microbiota should be considered as an adjunct to current therapeutic strategies for this clinical condition.
ASSESSMENT OF RECURRENT ANAL FISTULAS TREATMENT WITH PLATELET-RICH PLASMA
Authors: CWALIŃSKI Jarosław , HERMANN Jacek , PASZKOWSKI Jacek , BANASIEWICZ Tomasz
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of recurrent anal fistulas can lead to numerous complications, including fecal incontinence. Therefore, sphincter preserving techniques are gaining more popularity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in the patients with recurrent cryptoglandular anal fistulas. METHODS: A cohort of 18 patients with anal fistulas was enrolled into a preliminary and prospective trial. They were divided into two groups consisting of eight and ten patients respectively. PRP was injected locally in all patients, however in the group II it was applied after 7 days drainage of fistulas with polyurethane foam or negative pressure wound therapy. On average, three doses of PRP were administered, but with the opportunity to double the number of applications if it was clinically justified. The patients were evaluated in an out-patient department after fortnight and then in 1, 6, and 12 months following the last PRP application. RESULTS: Anal fistulas were closed in 4 (50%) patients from the group I and in 7 (70%) patients form the group II. Although, the difference between both groups was not statistically significant, PRP therapy should be preceded with fistulous tract drainage in all patients. Summarizing, that successful result was achieved in 11 (60%) patients from the entire group of 18 participants. CONCLUSION: The rate of recurrent cryptoglandular anal fistulas closure reaching 60%, after topical treatment with PRP, exceeds the results of other sphincter-saving methods of treatment. Therefore, it might become a novel method of anal fistulas therapy.
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC PAPILLECTOMY FOR PAPILLARY NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR: A CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: GALETTI Facundo , ARAÚJO-FILHO Jessé Clementino de , ANDRADE Eliza Ribeiro Alves de , TAGLIERI Eloy , MICELLI-NETO Otávio , ARDENGH José Celso
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Duodenal papilla neuroendocrine tumors (DP-NET) are rare. Surgical therapy may be recommended for their treatment. However, they have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is safe and effective for complete resection of tumors at this site. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe a case series of DP-NETs resected by EP and perform a literature review. METHODS: A series of patients with DP-NETs underwent EP as primary treatment between Jan/2008 and Mar/2020 at a tertiary referral center. A comprehensive search was made on the MEDLINE primary electronic database. The search strategy was designed to find all articles related to DP-NETs published in the literature. RESULTS: Six patients underwent EP for presenting DP-NETs, four of whom were women (mean age, 63 years). The mean diameter of DP-NETs was 1.6±0.3 cm. Four of six patients were followed up, one of whom suffered relapse at the resection site after 3 months and was referred to surgery (pT3n1b) and the remaining three patients experienced no endoscopic or histological recurrence during follow-up periods of 10, 7, and 4 years, respectively. Eighteen articles were found in the literature search in MEDLINE. The articles included case reports of endoscopically treated DP-NETs. CONCLUSION: EP is safe and effective for DP-NETs that are ≤20 mm, confined to the submucosal layer, well-differentiated, and without local or remote metastasis. Adequate endoscopic follow-up and definitive surgical treatment in the presence of relapse are necessary.
SYMPTOMATIC CHOLELITHIASIS AS THE PRESENTATION OF PEDIATRIC PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS - CASE SERIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: ALVARENGA Lucas Rocha , SANDY Natascha Silva , GOMEZ Gabriela Souza , HESSEL Gabriel , DE TOMMASO Adriana Maria Alves , BELLOMO-BRANDÃO Maria Ângela
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare hepatobiliary disorder, whose etiology remains not fully elucidated. Given how rare PSC is in childhood, until the recent publication of a multicenter international collaboration, even data on its characteristics and natural history were scarce. Symptomatic cholelithiasis has not been previously reported as the presentation of PSC. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the diagnosis of PSC following the initial unusual presentation with symptomatic cholelithiasis, that followed an atypical clinical course that could not be explained by cholelithiasis alone. A literature review was also conducted. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of three patients, who were diagnosed and/or followed at the Clinics Hospital, University of Campinas - Sao Paulo/ Brazil, between 2014 and 2020. Data analyzed included gender, age of presentation, past medical history, imaging findings, laboratory results, endoscopic evaluation, response to medical therapy and follow-up. RESULTS: Age at time of presentation with cholelithiasis varied from 10 to 12 years. In two of the cases reported, a more subacute onset of symptoms preceded the episode of cholelithiasis. Two patients were managed with cholecystectomy, not followed by any surgical complications, one patient was managed conservatively. Percutaneous liver biopsy was performed in all three cases, showing histological findings compatible with PSC. Associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was not seen in any of the patients. The patients have been followed for a mean time of 3.4 years. CONCLUSION: PSC and cholelithiasis are both rare in the pediatric population. This study reports on symptomatic cholelithiasis as a presentation of PSC and raises the importance of suspecting an underlying hepatobiliary disorder in children with cholelithiasis without any known predisposing factors and/or that follow an atypical clinical course for cholelithiasis alone.
Singularidades da comunicação no encontro de pessoas surdas e profissionais de saúde mental
Authors: Romano Bruna , Serpa Jr Octavio Domont de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Parte da luta dos movimentos das pessoas com deficiência tem sido, não apenas o reconhecimento da diversidade humana, mas a compreensão de que pessoas com a mesma deficiência, por exemplo a surdez, não são um grupo homogêneo. Os profissionais da saúde, diante dessa diversidade podem sentir-se despreparados e com conhecimentos insuficientes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as diferentes formas de comunicação que podem acontecer quando surdos são atendidos em serviços de saúde mental, por meio de um Estudo de Casos Múltiplos. Os resultados apontam para a diversidade nas formas de comunicação, convocando os profissionais a criarem novas formas de trabalho e cuidado no encontro com surdos usuários dos serviços de saúde mental. É no cotidiano do trabalho, com cada usuário que as formas de cuidado singulares que levam em conta a diversidade ganham vida e para que isso aconteça, é importante incluir a diversidade na comunicação. A criação de formas de comunicação que incluam a diversidade e as necessidades singulares, somente serão possíveis com apoio aos profissionais de saúde através de espaços informativos e de educação permanente.
OLIVA: una mirada transversal a la producción científica indexada en América Latina. Diversidad disciplinar, colaboración institucional y multilingüismo en SciELO y Redalyc
Authors: Beigel Fernanda , Packer Abel L. , Gallardo Osvaldo , Salatino Maximiliano
Published: July 2021

El artículo aborda un corpus completo de publicaciones científicas de América Latina y el Caribe a partir de la consolidación de los registros de las bases de datos históricas de SciELO y Redalyc para el período 1909-2019 (OLIVA). Dicho corpus está compuesto por casi 800.000 artículos y más de 2.500.000 de autores y autoras. Se analizan también las instituciones editoras de las más de 1.700 revistas -de 15 países- destacándose la importancia de las universidades y las instituciones públicas en el circuito latinoamericano y caribeño de publicación. El estudio destaca la magnitud de este circuito, su profunda diversidad disciplinar y las tendencias en la colaboración nacional e internacional. También se analiza la colaboración hacia el interior de Brasil -a partir de la base de datos SciELO- y se muestra la colaboración entre distintos estados como un rasgo que confronta la lectura en términos de endogamia de la colaboración nacional.
Versión en español: https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.4637
Modelo a escala ciudad de la epidemiología de COVID-19 con movilidad de personas y sus actividades representadas por un conjunto de Modelos Ocultos de Márkov
Authors: Pais Carlos , Biurrun Manresa José Alberto , Del Prado Abelardo , Rufiner Hugo Leonardo
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se presenta un modelo que predice la evolución semanal de la cantidad de internados con COVID-19 en terapia intensiva, mostrando resultados durante el transcurso de 2020. Además devuelve la cantidad de fallecidos, casos reportados, asintomáticos y otras variables epidemiológicas de interés, discriminadas por rango etario. Para esto se tienen en cuenta como entradas las características más relevantes del clima de la ciudad de Paraná, su dinámica social y del transporte público de pasajeros, considerando las diferentes fases de aislamiento y distanciamiento. El modelo reproduce la transmisión del virus asociado a los desplazamientos y actividades de las personas dentro de la ciudad, mediante un conjunto de Modelos Ocultos de Markov. A su vez, se simula la propagación del virus en el huésped siguiendo las etapas de la enfermedad, asumiendo la existencia de comorbilidades y de una proporción de infectados asintomáticos. Al ajustar el modelo propuesto con los datos de internados en terapia intensiva y fallecidos por COVID-19 en la ciudad en estudio, el mismo permite ser operado para analizar el impacto de las características del aislamiento y distanciamiento social en la dinámica de la población y predecir el número de internados y muertes por COVID-19. Además, permite simular combinaciones de las características que llevarían a un potencial colapso del sistema de salud por falta de infraestructura, así como también predecir el impacto de eventos sociales o aumento de la movilidad de las personas.
Shear enhancement in reinforced concrete cantilevers with multiple point loads
Authors: Elwakeel Abobakr , Vollum Robert
Published: July 2021

The shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams is enhanced by arching action when loads are applied to their top face within around twice the beam effective depth (d) of the supports. Previous experimental investigations into shear enhancement have almost exclusively considered simply supported beams with a single point load applied within 2d of supports. Such academic tests are unrepresentative of practice, where loading and support conditions are usually more complex. For example, balanced cantilever cross-head girders of bridges and continuous beams can have multiple point loads applied to the flexural tension face within 2d of supports. Such cases have not previously been investigated experimentally. An experimental programme was thus carried out to investigate shear enhancement in balanced cantilever beams subjected to pairs of concentrated loads within the failing shear span. The shear resistance of the cantilever beams was found to be slightly less than matching simply supported beams, with the difference greatest for beams without shear reinforcement. A strut and tie model was developed for cantilever beams with pairs of concentrated loads applied to the tension face within 2d of the supports. Measured beam strengths were also compared with the predictions of various codes and non-linear finite-element analysis.
Dealer Inventory Constraints in the Corporate Bond Market during the COVID Crisis
Authors: Chikis Craig A. , Goldberg Jonathan
Published: July 2021

Beginning in late February 2020, market liquidity for corporate bonds dried up and corporate bond credit spreads soared amid broad financial market dislocations related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The causes of this liquidity dry-up and the spike in corporate bond spreads remain subjects of debate.
Serving the Underserved: Microcredit as a Pathway to Commercial Banks
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Kigabo Thomas , Minoiu Camelia , Presbitero Andrea F. , Silva André F.
Published: July 2021

A large-scale microcredit expansion program—together with a credit bureau accessible to all lenders—can enable unbanked borrowers to build a credit history, facilitating their transition to commercial banks. Loan-level data from Rwanda show the program improved access to credit and reduced poverty. A sizable share of first-time borrowers switched to commercial banks, which cream-skim less risky borrowers and grant them larger, cheaper, and longer-maturity loans. Switchers have lower default risk than non-switchers and are not riskier than other bank borrowers. Switchers also obtain better loan terms from banks compared with first-time bank borrowers without a credit history.
Copulation and Oviposition in the Green-blotched Giant Anole, Anolis smallwoodi (Squamata: Dactyloidae), from southeastern Cuba
Authors: Alfonso Yasel U. , Holanova Veronika , Krysko Kenneth L.
Published: July 2021

Crown-giant anole ecomorphs have evolved independently across the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico), but only a few of these species have well documented life histories. Herein we report previously undocumented observations of copulation, oviposition, and hatchlings for the Green-blotched Giant Anole (Anolis smallwoodi) of southeastern Cuba. We observed eight mating events (three with A. s. smallwoodi and five with A. s. palardis) along the coastline between Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo Province during June 2010 and September 2011. One female A. s. palardis mated with two males in the same territory. Females dig a hole with their snouts, oviposit single eggs, and cover them with substrate. We monitored eight eggs incubated in slightly moist vermiculite. The minimum incubation times were 54-69 days (varying with temperature). Juveniles usually are colored like adults, bright green with white spots on the body, pale postlabial bands, and suprascapular stripes.
La desigual distribución de saberes para el trabajo en escuelas secundarias
Authors: Guzmán Mauro , Langer Eduardo Daniel
Published: July 2021

El siguiente artículo de investigación indaga sobre la distribución desigual de saberes para el trabajo en tiempos de capitalismo flexible considerando los sentidos de los estudiantes sobre la formación en escuelas secundarias en distintos emplazamientos urbanos. Se presentan resultados de tesis doctoral en curso, referidos al trabajo con encuestas de carácter muestral, cuyo criterio de selección fue el de necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI) del emplazamiento de las instituciones escolares. Aquí se focaliza en los sentidos de estudiantes que asisten a escuelas públicas en zonas de mayores niveles de pobreza. Los resultados del artículo remiten a distribuciones desiguales de saberes para el sector productivo, a través de redes de escolarización no segmentadas que expresan relativas correspondencias con las condiciones de pobreza en que se emplazan las escuelas.
Perspectivas de la filosofía de la educación
Authors: Moreno Caro Omar Camilo
Published: July 2021

A diferencia de otras ramas de la filosofía, filosofía de la educación no tiene una tradición firme, lo mismo ocurre con respecto a su método y a su objeto. No obstante, en el siguiente artículo se consideran algunas posibles perspectivas de la filosofía de la educación prestando especial atención a si la filosofía de la educación es una disciplina empírica o no empírica y a cómo debe distinguirse formalmente de otras formas de indagación. A continuación, se definirá su objeto por referencia al concepto de educación y a la posible impugnación de ese concepto. La conclusión es que la filosofía de la educación es una disciplina lógica que tiene gran importancia para la teoría y la práctica educativa.
¿A favor o contra Paulo Freire? Pensar filosóficamente un legado, entre la descalificación ideológica y la crítica académica
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar
Published: July 2021

Este texto propone una reflexión conceptual alrededor de la figura de Paulo Freire y de los  modos posibles de relacionarse con su obra y su vida. Después de una breve presentación general sobre los sentidos de esta escritura, contextualiza su obra más reconocida, Pedagogía del oprimido, mostrando el contexto de surgimiento durante el exilio de Paulo Freire en Chile y ofrece algunos datos sobre el impacto de esa obra en Brasil y otros países. Se concentra en tres modos de relación principales que ese libro y en general la obra y vida de Freire ha provocado dentro y fuera de Brasil: a) la descalificación ideológica; b) la exégesis amiga; c) la crítica académica. Describe y ejemplifica cada una de estas posiciones y, finalmente, extrae algunas conclusiones sobre el significado y sentido de su obra y vida a partir de cinco principios (vida; igualdad; amor; errancia e infancia) de lectura que despliegan la politicidad de la educación afirmada por el educador pernambucano.
THE ROLE OF COMBINED MOLTEN SALTS IN SODIUM-CERIUM (III) ORTHOPHOSPHATE CRYSTALLIZATION
Authors: Klymyshyna К. , Тerebilenko К. , Strutynska N. , Slobodyanik M.
Published: July 2021

The efficient crystallization conditions for high temperature synthesis of sodium-cerium(III) orthophosphate from binary molten salts have been investigated in a light of influence of the inert reaction media addition. Taking into consideration NaF and Na2MoO4 as an addictives to a convention phosphate melt the crystallization regions of CePO4 and Na3Ce(PO4)2 have been identified by means of IR spectroscopy and powder X-Ray diffraction methods. The initial Na/P ratio in the melt has been shown to play the key role in pure Na3Ce(PO4)2 phase formation. The concentration of NaF has been chosen as 20–60 mol. % and MoO3 in a range of 30–60 mol. %, while the cerium(III) content has been maintained equal to 10 mol. %. Additional application of NaF or Na2MoO4 lowers the temperature from 1400 in comparison to Na4P2O7 flux to 1000°C and homogenization time from 12 to 1h., respectively. Thus, the optimal conditions for the high-temperature growth has been found to be Na/P = 1.67 and NaF content equal to 30–45% mol. in case of fluoride-containing systems, and Na/P> 4,00 with MoO3 content of 25–36% mol for a molybdate one. In case of both fluoride and molybdate addition the crystallization region of the target compound has been bordered by a wide area of CePO4 phase. Three crystallization regions has been estimated during crystallization process: CePO4, Na3Ce(PO4)2 and a wide field of their co-crystallization. With Na/P ratio in the binary melt there is a simultaneous change in the solids structure prepared. Thus, when CePO4 possesses highly condensed CeO8 polyhadra in the framework and crystallizes at lower Na/P ratio, Na3Ce(PO4)2 corresponds to isolated CeO8 moieties that are stabilized under higher Na/P values. Within the synthetic conditions investigated, the melts have shown to play a depolymerizing role for the phosphate chains found in the melt, leading to crystallization temperature lowering in initial melt. The approach proposed for the of Na3Ce(PO4)2 synthesis allows to expand the temperature range of its formation and to carry out its uniform doping with fluorescent activators to modify its characteristic spectrum for the needs of modern inorganic LEDs.
Truso in the Old English Orosius and Tczew, Poland
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: July 2021

Wulfstan’s description of his voyage to the Baltic is an addition to the Old English Orosius. It contains a notorious crux, as follows. Wulfstan (otherwise unknown) sailed to Truso, a trading-place near the mouth of the Vistula. Anglo-Saxonists and others have long identified Truso as somewhere on Lake Drużno, near Elbląg, Poland. But in 1985 the Polish philologist Stanisław Rospond disproved that. He regarded Truso as Tczew on the lower Vistula. Tczew (in German, Dirschau) is attested in early documents with forms (Trsow, Trssew, Treseu) that are compatible with Truso. Those for Drausensee or Lake Drużno (recorded in 1233 as Drusin) are not compatible with Truso. They start with the wrong letter and have an internal  absent from spellings of Tczew. His conclusions have nevertheless been ignored, despite their implications for English history and Polish or Viking archaeology.
Primary cicatricial alopecia: a literature review
Authors: Zvezdina Irina V.
Published: July 2021

The term cicatricial alopecia results from irreversible damage to epithelial stem cells located in the bulge region of the hair follicle with subsequent scarring. Based on the mechanism involved in follicular destruction, cicatricial alopecia is divided into primary and secondary forms. Primary cicatricial alopecia are divided into four groups according to their prominent inflammatory infiltrate: with lymphocytic, neutrophilic, mixed or nonspecific cell inflammation pattern.
The review presents the main clinical, histological and dermatoscopic signs of various types of primary cicatricial alopecia.