bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of biomarkers with successful ventilatory weaning in COVID-19 patients: an observational study
Authors: Schneider Bruna , Oliveira Raquel Almeida de , Friedman Gilberto , Moraes Rafael Barberena
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of biomarkers with successful ventilatory weaning in COVID-19 patients. Methods: An observational, retrospective, and single-center study was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. C-reactive protein, total lymphocytes, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were evaluated during attrition and extubation, and the variation in these biomarker values was measured. The primary outcome was successful extubation. ROC curves were drawn to find the best cutoff points for the biomarkers based on sensitivity and specificity. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: Of the 2,377 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, 458 were included in the analysis, 356 in the Successful Weaning Group and 102 in the Failure Group. The cutoff points found from the ROC curves were −62.4% for C-reactive protein, +45.7% for total lymphocytes, and −32.9% for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. These points were significantly associated with greater extubation success. In the multivariate analysis, only C-reactive protein variation remained statistically significant (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.51 – 4.5; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, a decrease in C-reactive protein levels was associated with successful extubation in COVID-19 patients. Total lymphocytes and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio did not maintain the association after multivariate analysis. However, a decrease in C-reactive protein levels should not be used as a sole variable to identify COVID-19 patients suitable for weaning; as in our study, the area under the ROC curve demonstrated poor accuracy in discriminating extubation outcomes, with low sensitivity and specificity.
Driving pressure, as opposed to tidal volume based on predicted body weight, is associated with mortality: results from a prospective cohort of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients
Authors: Carvalho Erich Vidal , Reboredo Maycon Moura , Gomes Edimar Pedrosa , Martins Pedro Nascimento , Mota Gabriel Paz Souza , Costa Giovani Bernardo , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile , Pinheiro Bruno Valle
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between driving pressure and tidal volume based on predicted body weight and mortality in a cohort of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study that included patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 admitted to two intensive care units. We performed multivariable analyses to determine whether driving pressure and tidal volume/kg predicted body weight on the first day of mechanical ventilation, as independent variables, are associated with hospital mortality. Results: We included 231 patients. The mean age was 64 (53 - 74) years, and the mean Simplified Acute and Physiology Score 3 score was 45 (39 - 54). The hospital mortality rate was 51.9%. Driving pressure was independently associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.21, 95%CI 1.04 - 1.41 for each cm H2O increase in driving pressure, p = 0.01). Based on a double stratification analysis, we found that for the same level of tidal volume/kg predicted body weight, the risk of hospital death increased with increasing driving pressure. However, changes in tidal volume/kg predicted body weight were not associated with mortality when they did not lead to an increase in driving pressure. Conclusion: In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19, exposure to higher driving pressure, as opposed to higher tidal volume/kg predicted body weight, is associated with greater mortality. These results suggest that driving pressure might be a primary target for lung-protective mechanical ventilation in these patients.
Intersection of Women's Empowerment and Entrepreneurship in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Investigation of the Empowerment Theory of Change and its Practical Implications
Authors:   Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Oad Lubna , Abdul Jabbar Phulpoto Shabana ,   SZABIST, Rehan Fariha ,   Institute of Early Childhood Education and Development
Published: April 2024

Background: Women's empowerment and entrepreneurship affect the status of women in society, decision-making in a household and control over the resources in an economy, which will strengthen the economic growth of the country. Research Aim: The primary aim of this work is to study the landscape of women’s entrepreneurship in Pakistan by applying the Empowerment Theory of Change. Methodology: Qualitative, comprehensive literature analysis examines Pakistan's complex women's empowerment-entrepreneurship nexus. The study covers gender inequality, resource availability, and socio-cultural barriers for Pakistani female entrepreneurs. The Theory of Change is used to explore Pakistani women's empowerment and entrepreneurship. Findings: It was noted that the women who are empowered are more encouraged and motivated to start their careers as an entrepreneurs. It was observed the multiple challenges faced the women in Pakistan, include social norms, lack of access to resources, low literacy rate and institutional barriers. Conclusion: In conclusion, with the application of the Empowerment Theory of Change, the number of entry points was found that can contribute to women's empowerment to entrepreneurship in Pakistan.
Paradigm Shift in the Political Landscape of Pakistan
Authors:   Department of Political Science, Islamia College Peshawar, Bukhari Syed Rizwan Haider
Published: April 2024

Background: In Pakistan, the political landscape is an essential component that has gained attention from youth involvement. Keeping in view the current situation in Pakistan various factors have resulted in the youth’s political engagement. Research Aim: The goal of this study is to explore the dynamic of the paradigm shift in the political landscape of Pakistan. Methodology: A quantitative-based research, the sample was gathered through a random sampling technique from 200 youngsters in Pakistan. The data was investigated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results showed that technological, social, economic, cultural, and global factors influence the engagement and participation of youth in political matters. Social media has been shown as a major platform for providing political awareness and mobilization. Conclusion: The engagement of youth in politics resulted in creating awareness regarding social and political matters, it was suggested that an increase in participation will increase political efficiency.
Metaverse as the Future of Pakistan’s Tourism Industry
Authors:   SZABIST, Sultana Zehara
Published: April 2024

Background: The Metaverse is a post-reality universe that merges physical reality with digital virtuality, creating a perpetual and persistent multiuser environment. There have been many studies covering the subject of metaverse. However, there are not many studies about the implications of the metaverse in Pakistan’s tourism industry which reveals a significant research gap in this area. Aim: The main purpose of the study is to adopt a review design to explore the subject of the metaverse and how it has assisted the tourism industry of different nations and discuss how it can benefit the tourism industry of Pakistan. Results: The discussion has highlighted the evolution of the Metaverse, its application in tourism, and the transformative potential it holds for the industry. Moreover, it underscores the importance of technological advancements in enhancing tourism experiences and fostering global connectivity. Conclusion: Overall, the exploration of the Metaverse's potential in revolutionizing global tourism, including its implications for Pakistan, underscores the imperative for stakeholders to embrace technological advancements for fostering sustainable growth, enhancing visitor experiences, and promoting cultural understanding.
A 28-day case-study with the M.A.T.
Authors: Kline Paul , Grindley Jennifer
Published: April 2024

One subject completed the M.A.T. every day for a period of a month. In addition a detailed diary was kept for this period. Fluctuations in the scores of the M.A.T. variables were related to diary events. This procedure gave strong support for the validity of the M.A.T. as a measure of ergs and sentiments.
Personality factors in the organizational role preferences of middle managers
Authors: Sweney Arthur B. , Fiechtner Leslie A.
Published: April 2024

Organizational roles differ conceptually from personality traits but are very likely influenced by some of the same environmental and social pressures. This study of 185 active middle managers was directed at determining whether meaningful factors could be found which would affect both realms. The results showed that six of the seven factors extracted affected both realms. Only intelligence seems to appear in the personality area alone. The other factors were identified as over socialization, expressive anxiety, conservative idealism, competitive naivete, extroversion, and confrontive suspicion. Authoritarianism and equalitarian load in an opposite direction on the confrontive suspicion factor. The other roles were more complexly determined.
Relationships between cognitive and temperament traits and the concept of "style"
Authors: Wardell Douglas , Royce J.R.
Published: April 2024

Examines certain cognitive-affective relationships by suggesting that they represent overlapping stylistic consistencies. First, literature is reviewed linking flexibility of closure with the objective test temperamental trait of Independence (U.I.19) as the major source trait underlying Witkin's conventional style of field articulation. Similarly, speed of closure is linked with Inhibition (U.I.17) as a more broad representation of the cognitive control, extensiveness of scanning. Finally, various fluency factor are linked with the source trait of Exuberance (U.I.21) underlying much creative activity. It is suggested that these three global styles are also represented by Royce's three "epistemic styles"; namely, rationalism, empiricism, and metaphorism respectively. It is reiterated that multivariate-theoretical analysis is necessary to further substantiate these suggestions of strong substantive and theoretical convergencies across methodologically divergent laboratories.
On the role of metaphor in enriching the lexical layer of language
Authors: Tanriverdiyeva Husniyya
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of metaphor in enriching the lexical layer of language. In the article, metaphor is interpreted as a unit of the second nomination system. The article states that language reacts to what happens around it, just like the society that uses it. There are different ways to enrich the lexical-semantic layer of language, and one of them is metaphorization. It is noted that language does not copy reality, but only reflects its perception by a person in a certain way. Metaphors are one of the ways of such reflection. In the article, metaphor is characterized as a figure of speech used in describing a class of objects from the names of objects belonging to the same class
Application of Humanity Towards Society in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Meiliza Sartika
Published: April 2024

This study aim for know How mark or humanity society in the era of this globalization. This study use Literature Review method or review References with do search a number of results study from relevant journals or in accordance with the problem studied from a number of indexer such as Google Scholar, Basicedu, Garuda, Sinta, and so on . Result of this study show that in the era of globalization this values Pancasila among Indonesian citizens began fade. Especially on value humanity current society this start decreased, resulting in a sense of individualism increase so that no exists Again concern to fellow. Presence globalization of course just bring influence big for a country, fine that influence positive nor negative. Influence positive obtained from the era of globalization this is one of them that is advances in science and technology, where the world is increasingly develop This knowledge knowledge and technology are also increasing growing and growing advanced. So from that is, so that the values Pancasila this no lost in yourself public we need apply return values pancasila this with one way with implement mutual feelings appreciate, respect and love without must differentiate between each other, improve concern to around.
Implementation Values Pancasila as Character Base Para Generation Young in Facing the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Alya Khairuna
Published: April 2024

In 2045, when Indonesia is 100 years old, there will be a major revolution in this country. Progress and development occur in all aspects of society. Both economic, social, cultural, political, educational and many more. And if we look at it from now on, Indonesia .com.com has that much population and the potential it has productive citizens, then Indonesia will capable become Country forward on year 2045 later. Then, what educators must prepare to equip the younger generation to face the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is to instill Pancasila values in the character of the nation's children from an early age. Because by practicing and implementing Pancasila values in everyday life, this young generation will definitely become agents of change who are able to act honest, fair, critical, revolutionary, based on faith and devotion to God Almighty. The method used in this research is a literature review. Obtain data from books, journals, articles, literature, etc. that are related to the problem being studied. Conclusions from the methods studied. Indonesia will experience major changes in all aspects of life. Especially technology. Everything that is done will be related to modern technology, the internet, and the progress of human thought.
Citizenship Education (PKn) Group Study to Increase Students' Interest in Learning
Authors: Fadila Husna
Published: April 2024

Citizenship (Civic) so the problem formulation in this research is whether interest in learning Civics can be increased through group learning in class V of SD Inpres Kayuku Rahmat? The aim of this research is to increase interest in learning Citizenship Education (PKn) through group learning in grade V elementary school. The learning and teaching process is the main activity that must be completed. Likewise, students who have knowledge of basic skills in the topic to be taught will find it easy for teachers to convey the process of teaching and learning activities. In teaching and learning activities, methods are used to attract students' attention so that they can be happy and enthusiastic in receiving and responding to the lessons delivered by the teacher. The research method used is a systematic literature review, the author searches for published articles related to the research title or topic that the researcher has determined. Group learning can be a good method for fifth grade elementary school students to improve their understanding through collaboration and discussion with classmates. then help them develop social and cooperative skills.
Training and Introduction to Physical Education and Sports Modification Media for Physical Education and Sports Teachers in the Village Tembung District of Percut Sei Tuan
Authors: Muhammad Noer Fadlan  , Ahmad Landong
Published: April 2024

This article discusses training and the introduction of modified physical education and sports media for teachers in sports education subjects, while this training was conducted in Tembung Village, Precut Sei Tuan District, in the training process the author found several problems before conducting the training, including several problems there are still teachers who often carry out learning processes that tend to be monotonous, so that students tend to feel bored doing learning in the classroom. The training method used is lectures, then the techniques in the data collection process are supported by descriptive quantitative methods where the process of implementation is carried out by presenting the data that has been analyzed. Then after the training the results were found that the teachers were much more successful and could interpret the training and learning process more pleasantly, meaning that the teachers understood much better how to modify good learning, so that the learning process was much more enjoyable.
Education On Child Protection Andthe Importance Of Education
Authors: Meisyara Cordelia Bintara Putri
Published: April 2024

This research aims tocommunity members are more aware of child protection and are motivated to improve their standard of living by continuing their education to a higher level. The average knowledge of the community about the law is still low. Especially regarding the law on child protection, some don't even know anything about it. Many children are treated poorly, for example, children aged 6 years have worked hard to earn money. The number of cases of children being targeted or victims of crime is a very worrying problem for many parties. Violence against children also often occurs, where all forms of violence and exploitation of children will have a negative impact on physical and mental health that can interfere with the growth and development of children. This is also influenced by the lack of public knowledge about the importance of education and child protection. The data analysis used in this research is a field study, which is carried out using a direct survey method in Perbarakan Village, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra and library research which is carried out in two ways, namely (1 ) Offline; namely collecting library research data directly in the library (both inside and outside the University of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra campus) in order to collect secondary data needed in research. (2) Online; namely library research which is carried out by searching through internet media in order to collect secondary data needed in research.
Increasing Citizen's Motivation For Education Awareness, Economics And Gutong Royong In Building Better Villages
Authors: Arnita Dewi Wahyu
Published: April 2024

This research uses qualitative research. Which is where this qualitative research is descriptive using qualitative data analysis so that it becomes an easy-to-understand data exposure. In this KKN activity in 2022, PGSD UMSU carried out KKN activities still independently, even though the pandemic had reduced and all communities in each region had carried out many vaccination activities to prevent the transmission of COVID-19, but the COVID-19 Virus is still around us, Therefore, UMSU students are encouraged to carry out community service activities in their respective areas of residence in order to avoid the development of the COVID-19 virus. With the latest situation after more than three years of limited activities, now it has started to return to normal as usual and has started to carry out various kinds of activities such as face-to-face schools, tourist attractions and shopping centers have resumed operations, and various other activities. However, the level of public awareness in Denai Lama Village is low on the cleanliness and goodness of the environment in which they live. Therefore, UMSU KKN students came to carry out Independent Community Service activities in the Denai Lama Village environment with the aim of sharing the knowledge they got while in college, as well as helping the community's motivation to increase the value of community self-awareness in Denai Lama Village towards the goodness of their living environment. However, the level of public awareness in Denai Lama Village is low on the cleanliness and goodness of the environment in which they live. Therefore, UMSU KKN students came to carry out Independent Community Service activities in the Denai Lama Village environment with the aim of sharing the knowledge they got while in college, as well as helping the community's motivation to increase the value of community self-awareness in Denai Lama Village towards the goodness of their living environment. However, the level of public awareness in Denai Lama Village is low on the cleanliness and goodness of the environment in which they live. Therefore, UMSU KKN students came to carry out Independent Community Service activities in the Denai Lama Village environment with the aim of sharing the knowledge they got while in college, as well as helping the community's motivation to increase the value of community self-awareness in Denai Lama Village towards the goodness of their living environment.
Home Visit Learning Assistance as a Solution to Learning Problems During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sagala Rakhmat Wahyudin , Nasution Khalifahtusya’diah
Published: April 2024

This community service aims to obtain information regarding obstacles during the teaching and learning process in the network during the Covid-19 pandemic. This activity also aimed to reveal the effectiveness of study assistance by Community Service Teams of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. The study in this activity uses the action research method to obtain information about the constraints and consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic for students and parents during the learning process with courage. The objects of this community service activity are school children who are supported in their natural learning process. Obstacles that occur in the subject of community service activities, namely mastery over the use of technology, which tends to be low due to the high cost of using or purchasing internet packages, besides that the subject has difficulty interacting directly with teachers and colleagues plus the assignments from the teacher are so many that it confuses students. The study results show that home visit learning can help students in their learning activities. Learning assistance is carried out openly by the research team. Community service activities were carried out in Desa Saentis, Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatra Utara
Building Teacher Independence in Teaching Physical Education and Sports through Community Service Programs: Towards Effective and Enjoyable Learning
Authors: Noer Fadlan Muhammad , Friska Novita , Ansor Arrini Shabrina , Landong Ahmad
Published: April 2024

This article documents the community service program implemented in Tembung Village, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, with a focus on developing physical education and sports in elementary schools. This program is designed to address some of the main challenges faced by teachers in the region, such as limited human resources, lack of knowledge about innovative teaching methods, and a lack of curriculum that is integrated with students' physical health and well-being. Through a series of training activities, development of sports facilities, and active collaboration between the foundation, local government and community, this program has succeeded in achieving various significant results and outcomes. This article details the implementation methods, results achieved, as well as plans for the next stages of the program, including efforts to involve the community more actively, development of extracurricular programs, further training for teachers, and development of more complete sports facilities. This article also highlights the main conclusions of the program, important suggestions for continuing the program, and references used in developing the program and writing this article.
The Influence of the Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Media Bio Briquettes to Students ' Science Process Skills
Authors: Desti Shinta Kurniawati  , Suryawan Ari , Rahmawati Puji
Published: April 2024

Moment This Still there are teachers who do activity science learning only limited convey concept. Should more science learning emphasis on process skills, consequently student only just learn material without own process skills, so science process skills student Still less. Use of Problem Based Learning models assisted by bio- briquette media is one possible solution done For solve problem the. Research This aim For now the influence of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by bio- briquette media to science process skills student class IV SD Negeri Borobudur 1. Method research used in study This that is experiment with use design pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest. The sample used in study This as many as 20 students class IV A Borobudur State Elementary School 1. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Instruments used in study This that is pretest-posttest and sheets observation student. Results obtained in study This show that there is the influence of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by bio- briquette media to science process skills student. it proven that the average result of the pretest value is 40.43 < posttest 79.53. Next, test the paired sample t-test obtain results significance (2 tailed ) 0.000<0.05, so can concluded that the Problem Based Learning model assisted by bio- briquette media influential significant to science process skills student.
Management of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving The Quality of Learning at Widoro State Primary School
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Afi Salsabila Ananda , Mukti Rahayu Esta Diana
Published: April 2024

Management is an activity carried out together and through people and groups to achieve organizational goals. Improving the quality of education will be achieved if the teaching and learning process carried out in the classroom is truly effective and useful for achieving the expected knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Because basically, the teaching and learning process is the core of the overall educational process, among which the teacher is one of the important factors in determining the success of the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The function of managing facilities and infrastructure is very fundamental in improving the quality of learning, creating a socio-emotional climate, and managing group processes, so that the success of teachers in creating enabling conditions, and indicators of the teaching and learning process take place effectively. The study in this article provides an understanding to readers about the management of educational infrastructure, the educational infrastructure used by teachers in the learning process, and the management of the utilization of educational infrastructure in improving the quality of learning.
The Effect of Training in Various Kinds of Active Bottom Drill Drills on Increasing Pasing Accuracy Down Onupper Class Boys Students of Primary School Perumnas Condongcatu
Authors: Dermawan Budi
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of various types of active lower passdrill drills on increasing the accuracy of the lower pass in the volleyballgame of upper class male students at SD Perumnas Condongcatur. Thisresearch uses an experimental method, the research design is "ControlGroups Pretest-Posttest Design". PopulationIn this research, there were 24male students from the upper class at SD Perumnas Condongcatur. Thesample taken from the total sampling results was 24 students. Theinstrument used to test the accuracy of the lower fitting is the modifiedBraddy Volley Ball Test.Data analysis uses the t test. The results of theanalysis show that: (1) There is a significant effect of practicing varioustypes of active bottom pass drill drills on increasing pass accuracy involleyball games for upper class male students at SD PerumnasCondongcatur., witht count5,409> t table 2.20, and a significance value of
0.000 < 0.05, a percentage increase of 22.22%. (2) The experimental groupwith various kinds of active lower fitting drill drills was better at increasingthe accuracy of lower fitting male students in the upper classes of SDPerumnas Condongcatur than the control group, with t count2,902> t table =
                                                            2.07 and sig. 0.008 < 0.05 and the average difference is 3.6667.
Development Bigbook Global Method Based for Student Class 2 of SD Negeri 054892 Lau Gelugur
Authors: Della Puspita  , Icha Fadillah Putri  , Ninda Audiska
Published: April 2024

Study This aim For develop bigbook based global method . Study This is research and development (R&D). Study This using a 4D development model . The 4D development model consists from a number of stages among them that is define, design , develop and disseminate. Study This only until in stage development. Study This held at SD Negeri 054892 Lau Gelugur , from October to December 2023. Subject study that is student class 2 with a total of 16 students , consisting of of 10 students boy and 6 students Woman . Object of research that is bigbook based global method . Data collection techniques , namely observation, tests and questionnaires . Based on results study is known that results validation developed products that is bigbook based global method viz results validation media expert with percentage 96.90% incl Very worthy category, results validation expert material with percentage 87.50% incl very worthy category, and results validation expert Language with percentage 90.46% incl Very worthy category. Based on description that, then can concluded that developed products that is bigbook based global methods are said to be very feasible For used student class II at SD Negeri 054892 Lau Gelugur.
Application Problem Based Learning (PBL) to Increase Results Study Economicsin Class XI OTKP SMK Negeri 1 Majo
Authors: Hulu Samahati
Published: April 2024

Objective study This is For study And describe application model Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning as a method to improve results Study chemistry. Study qualitative This use method literature review that is look fortheoretical references that are relevant to the case or problem by tracing the sources source of writing that has been written before. Secondary data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive approach, in the form of data on student learning outcomes in Economics subjects. Collection technique data is documentation i.e. tracking written sources containing various themes and topics discussed. Data sources come from books, online journal articles, Internet, seminar, results study, And data Which related with material study. StudyThis is done by analyzing the relationship data between the application of the Problem Based model Learning (PBL) with results Study student on eye lesson Economy. Research result shows that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve results study Economics.
Analysis of Student Learning Motivation in Communication Education Courses in The Islamic Religion Study Program, Faculty of Islamic Religion, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Authors: Tsania Ulfa , Syahril Muhammad , Ariani Rini
Published: April 2024

In higher education, especially at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra, there are various kinds of platforms that can be used to develop students' interests, talents and creativity. One of the faculties at the Muhammadiyah University of North Sumatra is the Faculty of Islamic Religion. Student success in learning on campus can be seen through learning achievements shown in the Achievement Index (IP). Learning achievement is a point of attention that becomes a benchmark for student success in their learning process over a certain period of time. Students with high learning achievements can be interpreted as having been successful in their studies. Student success in learning achievement is influenced by several things, one of which is the student's activeness, especially communication science. A student must have communication skills such as public speaking, students can develop and apply the skills they have and can also train leadership skills. However, if you want to take part in the social field, communication science is needed everywhere. Speaking skills support students in becoming content creators, leaders and others, to increase their particular attractiveness.
Impacts of invasive spotted deer (Axis axis) herbivory on mangrove vegetation in South Andaman Island, India
Authors: Thirumurugan Vedagiri , Singh Anoop Raj , Karattuthodi Shamna , Gnanasekaran Gunadayalan , Prabakaran Nehru
Published: April 2024

The invasion of spotted deer (Axis axis) in the Andaman Islands, India, is a serious concern for the native flora and fauna of this insular ecosystem. We assessed how invasive spotted deer herbivory is affecting the regeneration and vegetation composition in the mangrove forest of the South Andaman Islands by comparing sites with and without herbivory pressure. Vegetation data was collected across 18 sites (ten sites with herbivory in the Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, and eight sites without herbivory (control) in South Andaman). We used circular plots (7m radius) along linear transects for data collection (125 plots each for herbivory site and control site). The results highlighted a strong influence of herbivory on mangrove vegetation and the impacts varied across the three mangrove zones (landward, ecotone, and seaward). Control sites consistently exhibited higher species richness and abundance across all categories (tree, sapling, and seedling) except for seedling abundance. Herbivory disturbance varied significantly along the three zones, (p < 0.05) with the landward zone being the most affected, followed by ecotone to seaward zones. Invasive spotted deer herbivory altered the vegetation structure and recruitment, especially in landward mangroves, leading to shifts in mangrove distribution and the emergence of the least palatable Ceriops tagal as the dominant species. Management and policy-level interventions are an immediate requirement for the removal of invasive spotted deer in the Andaman Islands for conserving mangroves and marine natural resources unique to the island ecosystem
Carnivore Chronicles: Co-occurrence and habitat use in the tropical forest of Manas National Park, North-East India
Authors: Bhatt Urjit , Lyngdoh Salvador
Published: April 2024

Understanding the spatial ecology of carnivores has been challenging due to their secretive habits. Nevertheless, comprehending the relationship of his taxonomic group with environmental, anthropogenic, and ecological factors is critical for effective conservation management. We determined the composition of the carnivore community (small, medium, and large), their co-occurrence patterns, and the factors determining their habitat selection in Manas National Park, North-East India. We photo-captured 37 species, with 24,840 independent records over 11,388 trap nights. We collected 1,130 photographs of five large and medium-sized carnivores and 1,541 photos of 12 small carnivores. Most species pairs (n=59) showed random co-occurrence (independent distribution). A few species pairs (n=19) exhibited positive co-occurrences (no antagonism). Spatial (Pianka) overlap between these pairs was restricted, suggesting that, despite the observed positive co-occurrence patterns, spatial overlap among these species pairs remained limited. For large carnivores, tiger habitat use was influenced positively by large-medium prey and adversely by forest roads; leopards showed a preference for habitats with medium and small prey; and Asiatic black bears utilised habitats with higher elevations, roads, and human settlements. For meso carnivores, clouded leopards exhibited a more significant habitat usage in regions with dense vegetation; dholes and clouded leopards were associated with habitats rich in small prey. For small carnivores, most species preferred habitats with dense vegetation and far from settlements. Our findings highlight the need to protect habitats, mitigate human-wildlife conflicts, and maintain healthy prey populations for the long-term conservation of carnivores in Manas National Park
Understanding intra-guild dynamics: Do the presence of red foxes and yellow-throated martens shape the ecology of leopard cats in the lesser Himalayas?
Authors: Parab Tushar , Lyngdoh Salvador
Published: April 2024

Small sympatric carnivores may engage in strong competition, demanding the establishment of coexistence strategies that separate competitors along geographical, temporal, and nutritional axes to minimize ecological overlaps. Using camera trap data collected over six months, we computed the degree of temporal and spatial co-occurrence/competition of leopard cats conditional on yellow-throated martens and red foxes. Our best N-mixture model resulted in β = 2.35 individuals of red fox with a detection probability of 0.023 per camera station, which indicated the highest abundance compared to those of leopard cats (β = 0.53; det p = 0.022) and yellow-throated martens (β = 1.06; det p= 0.043). Our top SECR model of a half-normal detection function estimated 18.2 individuals/100 km2, for leopard cats whereas for red foxes the density was 23.9 individuals/100 km2. The density of yellow-throated marten was estimated to be 44 individuals/100 km2 using camera trap distance sampling. Intercept only models’ positive pairwise estimates indicate that leopard cats were more likely to exist in areas occupied by red fox (1.929 ± 0.361). In contrast, the occupancy estimates of yellow-throated marten (0.846 ± 0.396) were considerably lower. The two nocturnal study species (leopard cat and red fox) produced the highest values of Pianka’s index for spatial niche overlap, calculated to be 0.829. In this research, red foxes dominated the small predator guild we were observing, and their presence or absence affected the distribution of leopard cats
Transnacionalidade do Rio Madeira
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA IVANILDO , PIFFER CARLA , Schmitt Siqueira Garcia Denise
Published: April 2024

Ainda que tardiamente, no pós-Segunda Grande Guerra, a comunidade mundial despertou para a proteção do meio ambiente e os impactos ambientais transfronteiriços, a ponto de suscitar intensos debates. Estudos demonstram que um dano ambiental local pode ter consequências mundiais, impactando no outro lado do planeta, manifestando-se como uma ocorrência transnacional. Isso explica a presença do contaminante mercúrio inclusive na remota área do continente antártico. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo aborda a dimensão transnacional do rio Madeira, um dos maiores rios do mundo em volume d’água. A fim de atingir seu objetivo, são analisados temas como transnacionalidade, direito humano à água, contaminação ambiental e impactos ambientais transnacionais. Quanto à metodologia a ser empregada, seguem-se os preceitos de Pasold (2018) utilizando-se o método indutivo, na fase de investigação, e o método cartesiano na fase de tratamento dos dados, sendo acionadas, ainda, as técnicas do referente, da categoria, dos conceitos operacionais e da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Elastīgas elektroapgādes risinājumi: modelēšanas metodes un inovatīvas pieejas ilgtspējīgai enerģētikas transformācijai
Authors:   , Gičevskis Kārlis
Published: April 2024

Promocijas darba mērķis ir piedāvāt jaunas modelēšanas metodes, simulācijas rīkus un inovatīvas pieejas decentralizētu elektroapgādes risinājumu izvēlei un novērtēšanai un to darbības optimizēšanai (pilnveidošanai) mainīgos darbības apstākļos. Izstrādāti detalizēti matemātiski apraksti un specializēti algoritmi, lai novērtētu dažādu tehnoloģiju tehniskos un ekonomiskos aspektus, lai uzlabotu to veiktspēju dažādos apstākļos. Mērķis bija padarīt tos labākus dažādās situācijās un paātrināt pāreju uz tīrāku enerģiju.
Study of Residents’ Ongoing Behavioural Intentions for Regular Bus Travel
Authors: Li Jinhui , Sun Jiahao , Wang Weihang
Published: April 2024

With the emergence of novel transportation trends, regular buses have experienced a significant decline in passenger numbers. Consequently, it becomes imperative to conduct studies on passengers’ intentions. This particular investigation employed a meticulously designed survey questionnaire to gather data, and developed a new model that integrates the theory of planned behaviour, technology acceptance model and expectation confirmation theory. The primary aim was to explore the key factors that influence residents’ ongoing behavioural intentions towards regular public bus travel. Furthermore, a gender-based multi-group analysis was conducted to investigate the impact mechanism of gender differences on ongoing behavioural intentions. The new model demonstrates various degrees of positive or negative influences among the variables, thereby confirming its universal applicability. Moreover, the multi-group analysis reveals that compared to gender, travel satisfaction has a stronger impact on women’s intentions, while travel attitude has a stronger impact on men’s intentions to travel by certain mean of transport. Simultaneously, perceived behavioural control does not significantly affect persistent intention for women but has a significant positive impact on persistent intention for men. Furthermore, perceived ease of use does not significantly impact perceived usefulness for women but has a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness for men. These research findings bear great significance in promoting environmentally-friendly travel practices.
Digital wearable insole-based identification of knee arthropathies and gait signatures using machine learning
Authors: Wipperman Matthew F , Lin Allen Z , Gayvert Kaitlyn M , Lahner Benjamin , Somersan-Karakaya Selin , Wu Xuefang , Im Joseph , Lee Minji , Koyani Bharatkumar , Setliff Ian , Thakur Malika , Duan Daoyu , Breazna Aurora , Wang Fang , Lim Wei Keat , Halasz Gabor , Urbanek Jacek , Patel Yamini , Atwal Gurinder S , Hamilton Jennifer D , Stuart Samuel , Levy Oren , Avbersek Andreja , Alaj Rinol , Hamon Sara C , Harari Olivier
Published: April 2024

Gait is impaired in musculoskeletal conditions, such as knee arthropathy. Gait analysis is used in clinical practice to inform diagnosis and monitor disease progression or intervention response. However, clinical gait analysis relies on subjective visual observation of walking as objective gait analysis has not been possible within clinical settings due to the expensive equipment, large-scale facilities, and highly trained staff required. Relatively low-cost wearable digital insoles may offer a solution to these challenges. In this work, we demonstrate how a digital insole measuring osteoarthritis-specific gait signatures yields similar results to the clinical gait-lab standard. To achieve this, we constructed a machine learning model, trained on force plate data collected in participants with knee arthropathy and controls. This model was highly predictive of force plate data from a validation set (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [auROC] = 0.86; area under the precision-recall curve [auPR] = 0.90) and of a separate, independent digital insole dataset containing control and knee osteoarthritis subjects (auROC = 0.83; auPR = 0.86). After showing that digital insole-derived gait characteristics are comparable to traditional gait measurements, we next showed that a single stride of raw sensor time-series data could be accurately assigned to each subject, highlighting that individuals using digital insoles can be identified by their gait characteristics. This work provides a framework for a promising alternative to traditional clinical gait analysis methods, adds to the growing body of knowledge regarding wearable technology analytical pipelines, and supports clinical development of at-home gait assessments, with the potential to improve the ease, frequency, and depth of patient monitoring.
Synthetic analysis of trophic diversity and evolution in Enantiornithes with new insights from Bohaiornithidae
Authors: Miller Case Vincent , Bright Jen A , Wang Xiaoli , Zheng Xiaoting , Pittman Michael
Published: April 2024

Enantiornithines were the dominant birds of the Mesozoic, but understanding of their diet is still tenuous. We introduce new data on the enantiornithine family Bohaiornithidae, famous for their large size and powerfully built teeth and claws. In tandem with previously published data, we comment on the breadth of enantiornithine ecology and potential patterns in which it evolved. Body mass, jaw mechanical advantage, finite element analysis of the jaw, and traditional morphometrics of the claws and skull are compared between bohaiornithids and living birds. We find bohaiornithids to be more ecologically diverse than any other enantiornithine family: Bohaiornis and Parabohaiornis are similar to living plant-eating birds; Longusunguis resembles raptorial carnivores; Zhouornis is similar to both fruit-eating birds and generalist feeders; and Shenqiornis and Sulcavis plausibly ate fish, plants, or a mix of both. We predict the ancestral enantiornithine bird to have been a generalist which ate a wide variety of foods. However, more quantitative data from across the enantiornithine tree is needed to refine this prediction. By the Early Cretaceous, enantiornithine birds had diversified into a variety of ecological niches like crown birds after the K-Pg extinction, adding to the evidence that traits unique to crown birds cannot completely explain their ecological success.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis PhoP integrates stress response to intracellular survival by regulating cAMP level
Authors: Khan Hina , Paul Partha , Goar Harsh , Bamniya Bhanwar , Baid Navin , Sarkar Dibyendu
Published: April 2024

Survival of
M. tuberculosis
within the host macrophages requires the bacterial virulence regulator PhoP, but the underlying reason remains unknown. cAMP is one of the most widely used second messengers, which impacts on a wide range of cellular responses in microbial pathogens including
M. tuberculosis
. Herein, we hypothesized that intra-bacterial cAMP level could be controlled by PhoP since this major regulator plays a key role in bacterial responses against numerous stress conditions. A transcriptomic analysis reveals that PhoP functions as a repressor of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) Rv0805, which hydrolyses cAMP. In keeping with these results, we find specific recruitment of the regulator within the promoter region of
rv0805
PDE, and absence of
phoP
or ectopic expression of
rv0805
independently accounts for elevated PDE synthesis leading to depletion of intra-bacterial cAMP level. Thus, genetic manipulation to inactivate PhoP-
rv0805
-cAMP pathway decreases cAMP level, stress tolerance and intracellular survival of the bacillus.