bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Enhanced Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Vehicle Sensor Networks
Authors: Zhou Yousheng , Zhao Xiaofeng , Jiang Yi , Shang Fengjun , Deng Shaojiang , Wang Xiaojun
Published: December 2017

Vehicle sensor networks (VSNs) are ushering in a promising future by enabling more intelligent transportation systems and providing a more efficient driving experience. However, because of their inherent openness, VSNs are subject to a large number of potential security threats. Although various authentication schemes have been proposed for addressing security problems, they are not suitable for VSN applications because of their high computation and communication costs. Chuang and Lee have developed a trust-extended authentication mechanism (TEAM) for vehicle-to-vehicle communication using a transitive trust relationship, which they claim can resist various attacks. However, it fails to counter internal attacks because of the utilization of a shared secret key. In this paper, to eliminate the vulnerability of TEAM, an enhanced privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VSNs is constructed. The security of our proposed scheme is proven under the random oracle model based on the assumption of the computational Diffie–Hellman problem.
Smart CEI Moncloa: An IoT-based Platform for People Flow and Environmental Monitoring on a Smart University Campus
Authors: Alvarez-Campana Manuel , López Gregorio , Vázquez Enrique , Villagrá Víctor , Berrocal Julio
Published: December 2017

Internet of Things platforms for Smart Cities are technologically complex and deploying them at large scale involves high costs and risks. Therefore, pilot schemes that allow validating proof of concepts, experimenting with different technologies and services, and fine-tuning them before migrating them to actual scenarios, are especially important in this context. The IoT platform deployed across the engineering schools of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence represents a good example of a test bench for experimentation with Smart City services. This paper presents the main features of this platform, putting special emphasis on the technological challenges faced and on the solutions adopted, as well as on the functionality, services and potential that the platform offers.
Comparison of Separation of Seed Oil Triglycerides Containing Isomeric Conjugated Octadecatrienoic Acid Moieties by Reversed-Phase HPLC
Authors: Van Nguyen Anh , Deineka Victor , Deineka Lumila , Vu Thi Ngoc Anh
Published: December 2017

Relative retention analysis and increment approach were applied for the comparison of triglycerides (TGs) retention of a broad set of plant seed oils with isomeric conjugated octadecatrienoic acids (CLnA) by reversed-phase HPLC for “propanol-2-acetonitrile” mobile phases and Kromasil 100-5C18 stationary phase with diode array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The subjects of investigation were TGs of seed oils: Calendula officinalis, Catalpa ovata, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Centranthus ruber, Momordica charantia, Trichosanthes anguina, Punica granatum, Thladiantha dubia, Valeriana officinalis, and Vernicia montana. It was found that a sequence of elution of TGs of the same types is the same without any inversions for full range of mobile phase compositions: punicic (C18:39Z11E13Z) < jacaric (C18:38Z10E12Z) < catalpic (C18:39E11E13Z) < α-eleostearic (C18:39Z11E13E) < calendic (C18:38E10E12Z) < β-eleostearic (C18:39E11E13E) < all-E calendic (C18:38E10E12E) acids. TGs and fatty acid compositions were calculated for all oil samples. Regularities of solute retentions as a function of isomeric conjugated octadecatrienoic acid moiety structure are discussed. Thus, it was proven that it is possible to differentiate TGs of complex composition with moieties of all natural CLnA by retention control accomplished by electronic spectra comparison, even though there are only three types of electronic-vibration spectra for seven isomeric CLnA.
Analysis of the Potential Impacts on China’s Industrial Structure in Energy Consumption
Authors: Tian Yushen , Xiong Siqin , Ma Xiaoming
Published: December 2017

Industrial structure is one of the main factors that determine energy consumption. Based on China’s energy consumption in 2015 and the goals in 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China (The 13th Five-Year Plan), this paper established an input–output fuzzy multi-objective optimization model to estimate the potential impacts of China’s industrial structure on energy consumption in 2015. Results showed that adjustments to industrial structure could save energy by 19% (1129.17 million ton standard coal equivalent (Mtce)). Second, China’s equipment manufacturing industry has a large potential to save energy. Third, the development of several high energy intensive and high carbon intensive sectors needs to be strictly controlled, including Sector 25 (electricity, heat production, and supply industry), Sector 11 (manufacture of paper and stationery, printing), and Sector 14 (non-metallic mineral products industry). Fourth, the territory industry in China has a great potential for energy saving, while its internal structure still needs to be upgraded. Finally, we provide policy suggestions that may be adopted to reduce energy consumption by adjusting China’s industrial structure.
A Natural Analogue Approach for Discriminating Leaks of CO2 Stored Underground Using Groundwater Geochemistry Statistical Methods, South Korea
Authors: Kim Kwang-Koo , Hamm Se-Yeong , Cheong Jae-Yeol , Kim Soon-Oh , Yun Seong-Taek
Published: December 2017

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one of several useful strategies for capturing greenhouse gases to counter global climate change. In CCS, greenhouse gases such as CO2 that are emitted from stacks are isolated in underground geological storage. Natural analogue studies that can provide insights into possible geological CO2 storage sites, can deliver crucial information about the safety and security of geological sequestration, the long-term impact of CO2 storage on the environment, and the field operation and monitoring requirements for geological sequestration. This study adopted a probability density function (PDF) approach for CO2 leakage monitoring by characterizing naturally occurring CO2-rich groundwater as an analogue that can occur around a CO2 storage site due to CO2 dissolving into fresh groundwater. Two quantitative indices, (QItail and QIshift), were estimated from the PDF test and were used to compare CO2-rich and ordinary groundwaters. Key geochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SiO2) in different geological regions of South Korea were determined through a comparison of quantitative indices and the respective distribution patterns of the CO2-rich and ordinary groundwaters.
Determining the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of the Pre-solar Nebula from Genesis Data Analysis: The Case of Oxygen
Authors: Laming J. Martin , Heber V. S. , Burnett D. S. , Guan Y. , Hervig R. , Huss G. R. , Jurewicz A. J. G. , Koeman-Shields E. C. , McKeegan K. D. , Nittler L. R. , Reisenfeld D. B. , Rieck K. D. , Wang J. , Wiens R. C. , Woolum D. S.
Published: December 2017

We compare element and isotopic fractionations measured in bulk solar wind samples collected by NASA’s Genesis mission with those predicted from models incorporating both the ponderomotive force in the chromosphere and conservation of the first adiabatic invariant in the low corona. Generally good agreement is found, suggesting that these factors are consistent with the process of solar wind fractionation. Based on bulk wind measurements, we also consider in more detail the isotopic and elemental abundances of O. We find mild support for an O abundance in the range 8.75–8.83, with a value as low as 8.69 disfavored. A stronger conclusion must await solar wind regime-specific measurements from the Genesis samples.
Design and Testing of a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor to Evaluate Swirl Injection Characteristics
Authors: Gomes Susane R. , Rocco Leopoldo J.
Published: December 2017

This research aims to provide a methodology for the project of labscale hybrid motors. This development began with the thermal analysis of the fuel grain using the Flynn, Wall and Ozawa method, generating simulation entry data to maximize the motor performance. The simulation was performed with the Chemical Equilibrium Specific Impulse Code. Based on the optimum oxidizer to fuel ratio, the literature was used to supply the mathematical background to calculate the motor geometrical parameters whose operating conditions were determined throughout the simulation. Finally, firing tests were conducted to verify the reliability of the project methodology. The firing tests were performed with three injectors: two swirling and one axial. The tests showed that the higher the operating pressure the more suitable is the project, meaning the methodology developed works best in hybrid rocket motors with high operating pressures. Additionally, it was shown that the swirling flow injectors produce higher efficiency.
Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization During WEDM Process
Authors: Bose Goutam Kumar , Pain Pritam
Published: December 2017

In this research paper Wire-Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) is applied to machine AISI-D3 material in order to measure the performance of multi-objective responses like high material removal rate and low roughness. This contradictory objective is accomplished by the control parameters like Pulse on Time (Ton), Pulse off Time (Toff), Wire Feed (W/Feed) and Wire Tension (W/Ten) employing brass wire. Here the orthogonal array is used to developed 625 parametric combinations. The optimization of the contradictory responses is carried out in a metaheuristic environment. Artificial Neural Network is employed to train and validate the experimental result. Primarily the individual responses are optimized by employing Firefly algorithm (FA). This is followed by a multi-objective optimization through Genetic algorithm (GA) approach. As the results obtained through GA infer a domain of solutions, therefore Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) is applied where the weights are considered through Fuzzy set theory to ascertain the best parametric combination amongst the set of feasible alternatives.
Models of Competences for the Real and Digital World
Authors: Kotsanis Yannis
Published: December 2017

The majority of countries and educational organizations have introduced the concept of learning outcomes and the related key competences or skills into their policy, programs, instructional planning, curricula and activities. The chapter, after an overview on knowledge processes, personal-social competences and significant related models (Frameworks of Twenty-First Century Learning, Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, Social and Emotional Learning, Approach to Learning), is focusing on digital literacy models (Digital Competence Framework for Citizens, ICT Competency Framework for Teachers, ICT Standards for Students), and finally is synthesizing two new 3D competency-based models: a specific one for the individual children's rights for the digital world (“Open Sesame”) and a general one for the educational community (“School of the Future International Academy”), respectively accompanied by examples.
Learning and Teaching Methodology
Authors: Vassilis Economοu
Published: December 2017

This chapter presents the ‘1:1 educational computing', a methodology in which each pupil in the class has their own computer, which they use to participate in the learning activities. The continuous creation of new interactive multimedia digital material is an important effort that aims to enrich the resources available to the teacher, the student and the parent so as to transform learning into a creative, enjoyable, useful and efficient process. Lessons become more interactive and stimulating, while, at the same time, helping students to learn at their own pace. Educational Organizations that adopt the ‘1:1 educational computing' methodology should begin with a set of clearly defined goals, including the expected outcomes. In closing this chapter presents two surveys that were carried out at an Educational Organization which implemented the project (2009 and 2017).
Preparing for Refugee Exodus in Crisis
Authors: Denham Magdalena , Vautrain Scott
Published: December 2017

Using macro-, exo-, meso-, and micro-level framework for assessing interdependencies in crisis management system in Poland, this chapter addresses expansion of planning and preparedness to novel hazards and threats such as precipitated mass movements of populations due to environmental changes. The Ukrainian refugee crisis served as backdrop for Poland's crisis management system testing. Benefits of planning and preparedness for mass displacements highlighted (a) an emerging all-hazard approach to crisis management, (b) proactive threat identification and assessment, (c) issuance of acts, laws, and regulations based on novel threats, (d) comprehensive multi-jurisdictional exercises, and (e) increasing importance of mutual aid agreements.
A Case-Based Identification of Internal and External Issues for Branding Strategies
Authors: Mondal Abu Sayeed , Roy Dilip
Published: December 2017

In this chapter, the authors offer a strategic platform to pinpoint the variables for developing branding strategies. The case elicits the internal and external aspects of a brand. These two aspects are considered to be the starting point of the strategic roadmap to reach success. A detailed discussion on the brand's internal and external aspects has been made with the help of a successful case. However, the authors go beyond the identification of internal and external aspects of brands and suggest a scheme for arriving at branding strategies. Basically, these two aspects of brands have been matched and a four-cell strategic guideline has been developed. The authors call this four-cell strategic guideline C4 strategy matrix, wherein four types of branding strategies (Continuity, Caution, Change, and Correction) are available.
Branding Impetus for Start-Ups
Authors: Venkatesh Umashankar
Published: December 2017

Startups face multiple challenges in the initial stages of their existence, characterized by resource constraints, they encounter – financial, legal and reputational risks. Gaining traction in the market, and scaling-up is the main thrust of any such business. Most start-ups come into existence on the basis of an innovative idea for a service or product, presented in the form of a business proposition. The consequence of this is - how do they establish this ‘new' idea/concept or product in the chosen market. A bigger question to answer is also the reputational non-existence of the start-ups when they are relatively unknown to most stakeholders and publics - relevant for growth and success. This chapter explores the relevance and importance of branding for startups based on literature and industry cases. The chapter concludes with outlining directions for brand building in the context of both B2C and B2B startups.
Crowdsourcing Corporate Sustainability Strategies
Authors: Jones Peter , Hillier David , Comfort Daphne
Published: December 2017

This chapter provides cameo case studies of the way in which three large companies -- Unilever, Sony and J. Sainsbury -- have employed crowdsourcing exercises to review, refine and develop their corporate sustainability thinking, commitments and strategies. It also offers some wider reflections on this process. The chapter begins with an outline of the origins and basic characteristics of crowdsourcing, followed by a short discussion of the concept and contested meanings of sustainability. The material for the three cameo case studies is drawn from the reports Unilever, Sony and J. Sainsbury posted on the Internet about the crowdsourcing exercises they conducted to review their sustainability plans and strategies during 2010, 2011 and 2012. The findings reveal that the crowdsourcing exercises undertaken by the three companies attracted a wide range of constructive comments and produced a number of recommendations designed to develop new sustainability initiatives and to enhance their existing corporate sustainability strategies. While crowdsourcing offers a number of attractions to companies looking to review and develop sustainability strategies, not least in that it seems to offer a cost effective way of tapping into a number of other corporate organisations and to a potentially large number of consumers, it is not without its problems. The chapter provides an accessible exploratory review of how three major companies are employing crowdsourcing in developing and reviewing their corporate sustainability thinking, commitments and strategies.
An Analytical Study of the Facebook Content Management Strategies of Dominos India
Authors: Bhardwaj Priyanka , Adhikari Rohit Singh , Ahuja Vandana
Published: December 2017

This paper attempts to take a dive into the Facebook marketing approaches and tactics of Dominos India. With this paper, there has been an effort to analyse the content at the Facebook page of Dominos, while trying to figure out which kind of content was able to build more relationship with the consumers on the basis of number of likes, shares and comments. A relationship between the aforementioned variables has also been established using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Also, a simple linear regression model has been applied to these variables to further prove on this relationship in order to attest to the fact that more posts on the Facebook page result in higher traffic and better engagement. Facebook marketing is about indulging in quality interactions with the consumers and then tapping their sentiments. An online brand community can be built to engage with consumers and brands thus have an opportunity to exploit the potential of social media. A brand community is a non-geographical, virtual community pertaining to a brand built on the foundations of the social relations among the various stakeholders/admirers of the brand. To develop a brand community the companies create a page on Facebook concerning a particular brand. The advantage of such a community is that not only it leverages a wider reach for a particular brand but it also lets all the members build connections around the brand. Here, the freely expressed opinion of individuals can be recorded and the results can be quantified to gauge changes over time. Analysis on the gathered data can be done using various analytical tools.
Affiliate Marketing and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Singh Surabhi
Published: December 2017

The different tools used in digital marketing are meant to increase the web traffic. One of the important components is Affiliate Marketing. This chapter will bring huge transitions in industry of digital marketing. The affiliate marketing has benefits of increasing customer satisfaction and value driven efficiency in any organization. The study of affiliate programs need to be activated in organizations in order to exploit the potential of same. The companies like Amazon, snapdeal, and flipkart are running affiliate programs and the brand of these companies remain unbeatable. The purpose behind affiliate marketing is to use publisher or affiliate website for promotion of merchant's own products. The underlying benefit is its low customer acquisition cost and marketing expenses.
Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Brand Engagement
Authors: Roy Souvik , Mandal Santanu
Published: December 2017

Mobile phone markets are one of the most turbulent market environments today due to increased competition and change. Thus, it is of growing concern to look at consumer buying decision process and cast light on the factors that finally determine consumer choices between different mobile phone brands. With its calculated roots in fields including psychology and authoritative conduct, the engagement idea is rising in the promoting writing, with preparatory exploration showing that connected with buyers may display more prominent dedication to central brands. Notwithstanding these progressions, the engagement idea stays underexplored to date. On this basis, this article deals with consumers' choice criteria in mobile phone markets by studying factors that leads to customer brand engagement and the consequences to it in the context of mobile headset brand. Findings indicate that brand self-congruity, involvement, and interactivity leads to customer brand engagement and which itself influences satisfaction, trust and commitment for mobile headset brands.
The Effects of Consumer Engagement Behavior on the Growth of Social Media Brand Community
Authors: He Xiaoyun , Negahban Arash
Published: December 2017

In recent years, there has been increasing attention to how consumers' roles and behaviors can shape and affect social media based brand communities. In this study the authors examine the dynamic relationships between specific consumer engagement behaviors and the growth rate of social media brand community over time. The results of their study suggest that the overall consumer engagement behavior has a significant predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community in both short term and long term. While each type of positive consumer engagement behavior alone is not a significant indicator of the growth rate of brand community, a combination of them, as a whole, has a positive predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community. When the effect of promotional posts is taken into consideration, consumer sharing is found to have relatively stronger and faster predictive relationship with the growth rate of brand community, followed by commenting and liking, than other consumer engaging activities. Negative consumer engagement behaviors in general do not play a significant role in predicting the growth rate of brand community in long term, but it does lead to adverse effect in the short term. This study sheds insights on the dynamic effects of consumer engagement behavior in building and growing social media based brand communities.
Social Group Influences
Authors: Rajagopal  , Castaño Raquel
Published: December 2017

Continuous growth in information and communication technology over the twentieth century has turned consumers more community-oriented in making buying decisions. The interaction of consumers with society and family has shifted its focus from conventional to virtual platforms. Social media plays an important role in determining consumer behavior. Increasing consumer education and social interactions are driving consumers to critically examine the corporate marketing policies, competitive advantages, and value for money to get associated with the vital brands in the marketplace. This chapter maps the consumer dynamics in setting the behavior and decision-making parameters moving through the changing social and group influences. The discussions in the chapter argue that social media has emerged as a powerful tool to develop consumer behavior. Accordingly, most companies are engaged in empowering consumers through various customer-centric strategies for sustainable business growth.
The Organization of the Future and the Marketing Function
Authors: Gonzalez-Fuentes Mario
Published: December 2017

The past two decades—and the technology advancements experienced throughout them—have left marketers with a new context that has provided new business opportunities. This new context has prompted a change in the focus of the marketing function and demanded a shift in marketing imperatives and competencies. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the technological changes experienced by the marketing function in a company, as documented by both scholars and practitioners. It also provides a thorough discussion of the ongoing academic debate regarding the new set of technical skills that have defined employability in the marketing circles for the past couple of decades and the challenges ahead for future professionals and executives.
Optimized acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharides from the seaweed Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W. Gabrielson for bioethanol production
Authors: Castro George Meredite Cunha de , Benevides Norma Maria Barros , Cabral Maulori Curié , Miranda Rafael De Souza , Gomes Filho Enéas , Rocha Maria Valderez Ponte , Araújo Marjory Lima Holanda
Published: December 2017

The seaweeds are bio-resource rich in sulfated and neutral polysaccharides. The tropical seaweed species used in this study (Solieria filiformis), after dried, shows 65.8% (w/w) carbohydrate, 9.6% (w/w) protein, 1.7% (w/w) lipid, 7.0% (w/w) moisture and 15.9% (w/w) ash. The dried seaweed was easily hydrolyzed under mild conditions (0.5 M sulfuric acid, 20 min.), generating fermentable monosaccharides with a maximum hydrolysis efficiency of 63.21%. Galactose and glucose present in the hydrolyzed were simultaneously fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae when the yeast was acclimated to galactose and cultivated in broth containing only galactose. The kinetic parameters of the fermentation of the seaweed hydrolyzed were Y(P⁄S) = 0.48 ± 0.02 g.g−1, PP = 0.27 ± 0.04 g.L−1.h−1, h = 94.1%, representing a 41% increase in bioethanol productivity. Therefore, S. filiformis was a promising renewable resource of polysaccharides easily hydrolyzed, generating a broth rich in fermentable monosaccharides for ethanol production.
Green's function asymptotics near the internal edges of spectra of periodic elliptic operators. Spectral gap interior
Authors: Kha Minh , Kuchment Peter , Raich Andrew
Published: December 2017

Precise asymptotics known for the Green function of the Laplacian have found their analogs for bounded below periodic elliptic operators of the second-order below and at the bottom of the spectrum. Due to the band-gap structure of the spectra of such operators, the question arises whether similar results can be obtained near or at the edges of spectral gaps. In a previous work, two of the authors considered the case of a spectral edge. The main result of this article is finding such asymptotics near a gap edge, for “generic” periodic elliptic operators of second-order with real coefficients in dimension

d ≥ 2

, when the gap edge occurs at a symmetry point of the Brillouin zone.
A weighted estimate for two dimensional Schrödinger, matrix Schrödinger, and wave equations with resonance of the first kind at zero energy
Authors: Toprak Ebru
Published: December 2017

We study the two dimensional Schrödinger operator,

H=-\Delta+V

, in the weighted

L^1(\mathbb R^2) \to L^{\infty}(\mathbb R^2)

setting when there is a resonance of the first kind at zero energy. In particular, we show that if

|V(x)|\lesssim \langle x \rangle ^{-4-}

and there is only s-wave resonance at zero of

H

, then

\|w^{-1} (e^{itH}P_{\mathrm {ac}} f - {\frac {1}{\pi it}} F f) \| _{\infty} \leq \frac {C}{|t| (\mathrm {log}|t|)^2} \|wf\|_1,\,\,\,\,\,|t| > 2,

with

w(x)=\mathrm {log}^2(2+|x|)

. Here

Ff=-{\frac {1}{4}} \psi\langle \psi,f \rangle

, where

\psi

is an s-wave resonance function. We also extend this result to wave and matrix Schrödinger equations with potentials under similar conditions.
Partners in crime? - De invloed van crimineel gedrag op huwelijkskansen en partnerselectie
Authors: van Schellen Marieke , Poortman Anne-Rigt , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: December 2017

Partners in crime? The impact of criminal behaviour on marriage formation and partner selection .Although it is well established that marriage has the potential to foster desistance from crime, little attention has been paid to offenders’ marital chances. The few studies examining
the effects of criminal behaviour on marriage formation, have not taken into account the criminal behaviour of spouses. We employ data from the Criminal Career and Life-Course Study (N = 4,615) to examine the marital and criminal careers of both offenders and their marriage partners far into
adulthood. The results show that a criminal history is strongly related to outcomes in the marriage market. The higher the number of offenses, the lower the odds of marrying and the higher the odds of marrying a criminal partner.
‘Vrijers die van verre komen, zijn te schromen’ - Geografische homogamie van huwelijkspartners, 1812-1922
Authors: Ekamper Peter , Faes Christel , van Poppel Frans
Published: December 2017

Geographical homogamy of spouses married in the Netherlands in the period 1812-1922 .People tend to choose a partner originating from their own region. However, in the course of time the geographical horizon widened. The mean geographical distance between the regions of origin of
spouses in the Netherlands strongly increased during the nineteenth and twentieth century, particularly from the 1880s onwards. Also regional differences can be observed. This study aims at explaining the characteristics of the spatio-temporal changes in the geographical distance between the
places of birth of spouses in the Netherlands in the period 1812-1922. By using spatio-temporal regression models both the effects of individual characteristics (like age and social class) and the regional socio-economic context can be explored.
Gulzige organisaties en de verdeling van betaalde en onbetaalde arbeid binnen huishoudens
Authors: Pouwels Babette , Siegers Jacques , Schippers Joop , Wittek Rafael , Wotschack Philip
Published: December 2017

Firm’s time greediness and the division of labour in the household . Although the body of literature documenting the division of labour between partners is large and continuously expanding, little is known about how demands and expectations from the workplace affect the division
of labour between partners and how spouses use strategies to manage, or ‘govern’, the conflicting demands of work and family. Using data on 242 Dutch female employees, their partners and their employers, the results from multilevel analysis show that the more demanding the woman's
job is, the larger her share in paid work and the smaller her share in household work are. These effects are moderated by both workplace governance practices and household governance practices. effects are moderated by both workplace governance practices and household governance practices.
Vrijgevigheid in beeld - Nationale acties voor het goede doel in Nederland
Authors: Wiepking Pamala
Published: December 2017

Picturing generosity: National campaigns for charitable causes in the Netherlands . In this study we provide an overview of the history of national campaigns for charitable causes in the Netherlands. Firstly we describe the development of the 59 national campaigns held between 1951
and 2005. We distinguish two periods of national campaigns: the galas for charitable causes (1963-1983) and the era of the national campaigns by the Dutch Cooperative International Aid Organizations (1984-2005). We then formulate and test hypotheses concerning possible explanations for the
success of national campaigns. Bivariate results show that campaigns organized for ‘innocent’ victims, campaigns held in a period with a lower ‘campaign frequency’, and campaigns held in years with stronger economic growth are more successful. In a multivariate model
a significant association only emerged between economic growth and the success of a national campaign.
Sociale mobiliteit en verwachtingen ten aanzien van films
Authors: Daenekindt Stijn , Roose Henk
Published: December 2017

Social mobility and expectations towards films. The present study focuses on the effect of social mobility on taste: is taste predominantly shaped during primary socialization, or is it the result of a multitude of socializing experiences? As a measure of taste we consider four
aesthetic expectations towards films – attitudes towards innovative, emotional, action and normative dimensions of films. Using data from a large-scale survey among the Flemish population (n = 2,849) and applying diagonal reference models, results show that each disposition is affected
differently by social mobility. The innovative disposition is guided by the socialization context associated with the highest social status. The emotional and action disposition are influenced by both primary and secondary socialization, and the normative disposition is predominantly shaped
by the secondary socialization context. We explain these different effects by the specific nature and status of the different dispositions.
Topsport als motor voor nationale trots?
Authors: Elling Agnes , van Hilvoorde Ivo , van den Dool Remko
Published: December 2017

Does elite sporting success have a lasting impact on national pride? .Like many other countries, the Dutch government increased investments in elite sports in the last decennium, partly driven by the ambition to organize the Olympic Games in 2028 in the Netherlands. One of the most
important legitimations for this ambition is that elite sports events and national performances should foster national pride, social cohesion and international prestige. In this article we present and discuss the results of a study on the relation between Dutch international sport performances
and the development of national pride. The outcome is based on 27 longitudinal measurements among the adult Dutch population in the years 2008-2010 in which European and world Championships men’s soccer and a summer and winter Olympic Games took place. The results support the common
belief that international sporting success of Dutch athletes contribute to the testimony and expression of national pride and belonging. But the extent to which national pride can be increased by national sporting success seems to be rather limited. The data show that national performances
in international sport events may lead to small, short term eruptions in feelings of national sporting pride and wellbeing, especially among athletes, men and non-immigrants. The results especially indicate, however, that national pride is a rather stable characteristic of national identification
that cannot easily be increased by improving national sporting success and winning more Olympic medals.
Vertical characterization of Highly Oxygenated Molecules (HOMs) below and above a boreal forest canopy
Authors: Zha Qiaozhi , Yan Chao , Junninen Heikki , Riva Matthieu , Aalto Juho , Quéléver Lauriane , Schallhart Simon , Dada Lubna , Heikkinen Liine , Peräkylä Otso , Zou Jun , Rose Clémence , Wang Yonghong , Mammarella Ivan , Katul Gabriel , Vesala Timo , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kulmala Markku , Petäjä Tuukka , Bianchi Federico , Ehn Mikael
Published: December 2017

Abstract. While the role of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in new particle formation (NPF) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is not in dispute, the interplay between HOM chemistry and atmospheric conditions continues to draw significant research attention. During the Influence of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions on the Reactive Nitrogen budget (IBAIRN) campaign, profile measurements of neutral HOM molecules below and above the forest canopy were performed for the first time in the boreal forest SMEAR II station during September 2016. The HOM concentrations and composition distributions below and above the canopy were similar, supporting a well-mixed boundary layer approximation during daytime. However, much lower HOM concentration were frequently observed at ground level due to the formation of a shallow decoupled layer below the canopy attached to the forest floor. Near ground HOMs were influenced by the changes in the precursors and oxidants, and enhancement of the loss on surfaces in this layer, while the HOMs above the canopy top were not significantly affected. Our findings also illustrate that near-ground HOM measurements conducted in strong stably stratified conditions might only be representative of a small fraction of the entire nocturnal boundary layer. This might, in turn, influence the growth of newly formed particles and SOA formation below the canopy where a large majority of measurements are typically conducted.
The importance of vertical resolution in the free troposphere for modeling intercontinental plumes
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Jacob Daniel J. , Eastham Sebastian D.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Chemical plumes in the free troposphere can preserve their identity for more than a week as they are transported on intercontinental scales. Current global models cannot reproduce this transport. The plumes dissipate too rapidly due to numerical diffusion in sheared flow. We demonstrate how model accuracy can be limited by either horizontal resolution (Δx) or vertical resolution (Δz). Balancing horizontal and vertical numerical diffusion, and weighing by computational cost, implies an optimal grid resolution ratio (Δx/Δz)opt ~ 1000 for plume transport. This is considerably higher than current global models (Δx/Δz ~ 20) and explains the rapid plume dissipation in these models as limited by vertical resolution. Plume simulations with the GFDL-FV3 global dynamical core over a range of horizontal and vertical grid resolutions confirm this limiting behavior. Our highest-resolution simulation (Δx ≈ 25 km, Δz ≈ 80 m) preserves the maximum volume mixing ratio in the plume to within 35 % after 8 days in strongly sheared flow, a drastic improvement over current models. The local surface pollution influence from the subsiding plume on intercontinental scales is also considerably increased. Adding free tropospheric vertical levels in global models is computationally inexpensive and would also improve the simulation of water vapor.
A global scavenging and circulation ocean model of thorium-230 and protactinium-231 with realistic particle dynamics (NEMO–ProThorP 0.1)
Authors: van Hulten Marco , Dutay Jean-Claude , Roy-Barman Matthieu
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we set forth a 3-D ocean model of the radioactive trace isotopes 230Th and 231Pa. The interest arises from the fact that these isotopes are extensively used for investigating particle transport in the ocean and reconstructing past ocean circulation. The tracers are reversibly scavenged by biogenic and lithogenic particles. Our simulations of 230Th and 231Pa are based on the NEMO–PISCES ocean biogeochemistry general circulation model, which includes biogenic particles, namely small and big particulate organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biogenic silica. Small and big lithogenic particles from dust deposition are included in our model as well. Their distributions generally compare well with the small and big lithogenic particle concentrations from recent observations from the GEOTRACES programme, except for boundary nepheloid layers for which, as up to today, there are no non-trivial, prognostic models available on a global scale. Our simulations reproduce 230Th and 231Pa dissolved concentrations: they compare well with recent GEOTRACES observations in many parts of the ocean. Particulate 230Th and 231Pa concentrations are significantly improved compared to previous studies, but they are still too low because of missing particles from nepheloid layers. Our simulation reproduces the main characteristics of the 231Pa / 230Th ratio observed in the sediments, and supports a moderate affinity of 231Pa to biogenic silica as suggested by recent observations, relative to 230Th. Future model development may further improve understanding, especially when this will include a more complete representation of all particles, including different size classes, manganese hydroxides and nepheloid layers. This can be done based on our model, as its source code is readily available.
The ecology of subindividual variability in plants: patterns, processes, and prospects
Authors: Herrera Carlos M.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Diversification of ecology into subdisciplines that run from macroecology to landscape, community, and population ecology largely reflects its specialization on different segments of the spatial gradient over which recognizable ecological patterns and processes occur. In all these cases, the elemental units involved in the patterns and processes of interest to ecologists are individuals from the same or different species. No distinct flavor of ecology has yet emerged that focuses on patterns and processes revolving around the lowermost end of the spatial gradient, which in the case of plants corresponds to the within-individual domain. Intraindividual heterogeneity in organ traits, however, is quantitatively important and has multiple consequences for plant individuals, populations, and communities, and for animal consumers as well. This paper first provides an overview of current knowledge on plant traits that vary subindividually, the magnitude of subindividual variation, and its spatial patterning. Examples will then be presented on the consequences of subindividual variation for plants and animal consumers at individual, population, or community levels. Finally, the recently emerging links between genetics, epigenetics, subindividual variation, and population ecology will be illustrated using results on variation in seed size, a functional plant trait playing an important role in plant population dynamics. Further observational and experimental studies are needed which link ecological and phenotypic measurements of plants to their epigenetic and genetic characteristics, in order to understand the three-way relationships between subindividual variability, genetic features, and epigenetic mosaicism. Another proposed line of inquiry should focus on evaluating whether subindividual epigenetic mosaics eventually translate into epigenetically heterogeneous progeny, thus contributing to the maintenance of population and community functional diversity.
Transient LES of an offshore wind turbine
Authors: Vollmer Lukas , Steinfeld Gerald , Kühn Martin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The estimation of the cost of energy of offshore wind farms has a high uncertainty, which is partly due to the lacking accuracy of information on wind conditions and wake losses inside of the farm. Wake models that aim to reduce the uncertainty by modeling the wake interaction of turbines for various wind conditions need to be validated with measurement data before they can be considered as a reliable estimator. In this paper a methodology that enables a direct comparison of modeled with measured flow data is evaluated. To create the simulation data, a model chain including a mesoscale model, a large-eddy-simulation (LES) model and a wind turbine model is used. Different setups are compared to assess the capability of the method to reproduce the wind conditions at the hub height of current offshore wind turbines. The 2-day-long simulation of the ambient wind conditions and the wake simulation generally show good agreements with data from a met mast and lidar measurements, respectively. Wind fluctuations due to boundary layer turbulence and synoptic-scale motions are resolved with a lower representation of mesoscale fluctuations. Advanced metrics to describe the wake shape and development are derived from simulations and measurements but a quantitative comparison proves to be difficult due to the scarcity and the low sampling rate of the available measurement data. Due to the implementation of changing synoptic wind conditions in the LES, the methodology could also be beneficial for case studies of wind farm performance or wind farm control.
Maternal Health in Timor-Leste: Representations and Practices during Pregnancy, Birth and the Postnatal Period
Authors: Manuel H. B. , Ramos N.
Published: December 2017

Culture has a strong influence on the representations and health behaviour of individuals and groups. This is reflected in the reproductive health of the Timorese women, intervention in this field being of a priority nature in Timor-Leste in view of its high fertility and maternal mortality rates. The purpose of this ethnographic study is to analyse beliefs, representations and practices associated with pregnancy, birth and the postnatal period. It was conducted in Timor-Leste and involved the participation of health professionals, traditional midwives, women and couples, all of them selected through a snowball chain sampling procedure. Data was collected by means of exploratory semi-structured interviews and observation, and its content was duly analysed. The results show the existence of various recommendations, taboos and restrictions which aim at protecting the health of both mother and child, making use of traditional care practices which may vary among ethnolinguistic groups, communities or families.
Learning How to Learn: A Student Success Course for At Risk Students
Authors: Bowering Elizabeth R. , Mills Joanne , Merritt Allison
Published: December 2017

It is well known that university students with ineffective learning strategies and low motivation are at risk for lowered grades and stress. Given the needs of these students, Mount St. Vincent University developed the Student Success Course (SSC), a 14-week intervention that offers instruction in learning strategies, self-management, and motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the SSC for 100 undergraduates on academic probation. From pre- to post-test, participants reported a significant increase in cognitive strategies, study skills, and motivation as well as a significant decrease in test anxiety and procrastination (ps < .05). Over time, participants also demonstrated a significantly improved GPA (p < .0001). These results support the hypothesis that the SSC is an effective intervention, at least in the short-term, for improving learning and motivational strategies in at risk students.
Il est reconnu que les étudiants d’université dont les stratégies d’apprentissage sont inefficaces et qui ont une faible motivation risquent de souffrir de stress et d’obtenir de mauvaises notes. Au vu des besoins de ces étudiants, Mount St. Vincent University a mis en place un cours pour faciliter la réussite des étudiants (Student Success Course - SSC). Il s’agit d’une intervention de 14 semaines au cours de laquelle on enseigne des stratégies d’apprentissage, de gestion autonome et de motivation. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’efficacité de ce cours dans le cas de 100 étudiants de premier cycle placés en probation. Les participants ont rapporté, avant et après le test, une augmentation significative de leurs stratégies cognitives, de leurs compétences en matière d’apprentissage et de leur motivation, ainsi qu’une baisse importante de leur anxiété face aux examens et de leur procrastination (ps < .05). Avec le temps, les participants ont également démontré une augmentation de leur moyenne pondérée cumulative (p < .0001). Ces résultats soutiennent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le cours en question représente une intervention efficace, tout au moins à court terme, pour améliorer les stratégies d’apprentissage et de motivation chez les étudiants à risque.
As TIC e o Desenvolvimento Regional: Um Estudo Sobre o Perfil dos Consumidores Online da Microrregião de Itajubá – MG
Authors: Ribeiro Danielle Souza , Velloso Viviane Fushimi , Carniello Monica Franchi , Rodrigues Paulo Roberto Grangeiro
Published: December 2017

A influência das mídias interfere diretamente no comportamento de consumo dos indivíduos no que tange às suas preferências de compra. Tal entendimento torna-se significativo para compreender a postura da sociedade diante o consumo à produção de bens e serviços, que reflete no desenvolvimento local. Esse artigo tem por finalidade identificar a influência das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no comportamento de compra dos consumidores da microrregião de Itajubá – MG e os motivos pela procura do serviço online. Para isso, no primeiro momento, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória bibliográfica para delinear a base teórica. Na segunda fase, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com os membros de grupos de compra e venda do Facebook da microrregião de Itajubá; foram selecionados os cinco maiores grupos e, por meio de uma amostra, foi possível identificar o perfil do e-consumidor, sua aproximação com o ambiente virtual e sua preferência de compra. Além disso, identificaram-se os motivos que levam um consumidor a realizar a compra em uma loja física ou online e o perfil dos indivíduos. Verificou-se que as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação influenciam no comportamento dos consumidores.