bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cerrando un programa iconográfico. Las hijas de Job en la Capilla de la Virgen de Guadalupe en las Descalzas Reales de Madrid / Understanding an Iconographical Program. The Daughters of Job in the Chapel of the Virgin of Guadalupe in the Royal Discalced Clarisse Order of Madrid
Authors: Alvarez Seijo Begoña
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: The Chapel of the Virgin of Guadalupe, located in the Monastery of the Royal Discalced Nuns of Madrid, features a complex iconographical program, with the Virgin and the strong women of the Old Testament as its protagonists. This program was executed by the artist Sebastián Herrera Barnuevo, and designed by one of its resident nuns, Sister Ana Dorotea de Austria. This article attempt to shed light an a rather uncommon feminine typology: that of the daughters of Job, Jemima and Keren-happuch by means of the study of the principal literary sources where they are mentioned. By this means I will offer a complete reading of the Chapel’s iconographical program, by establishing the relationship between the depictions of Día and the Immaculate Conception, and Alcohol and Bathsheba.
KEYWORDS
Royal Discalced; Strong Women of the Old Testament; Daughters of Job; Immaculate Conception; Bathsheba; Iconography.
RESUMEN: La capilla de la Virgen de Guadalupe, situada en el Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales de Madrid, se compone de un complejo programa iconográfico, protagonizado por la Virgen y las mujeres fuertes del Antiguo Testamento, realizado por el artista Sebastián Herrera Barnuevo e ideado por una monja allí residente, Sor Ana Dorotea de Austria. El presente trabajo pretende arrojar luz sobre una tipología femenina poco común, la delas hijas de Job, Día o Mañana y Alcohol, a través de un estudio de las principales fuentes literarias en las que aparecen mencionadas, para con ello ofrecer una lectura total del programa iconográfico de la capilla, al establecerse una relación entre las representaciones de Día y la Inmaculada Concepción y Alcohol y Betsabé.
Pia Desideria: Entre el aguardiente y la vida ascética. Las calaveras borrachas claman por el chinguirito (México, 1836) / Pia Desideria: between Hard Liquor and the Ascetic Life. Las calaveras borrachas claman por el chinguirito (México, 1836)
Authors: Montiel López Andrea
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: The allegory of the body as a prison of the soul was visually depicted as a skeleton that imprisons a figure with childish features. One of the earliest examples of this image is the emblem «Infelix ego homo!» included in Herman Hugo’s Pia Desideria (1624); however the pictura was incorporated in other media and contexts allowing its survival even to the end of the 19th century. In Mexico, it evolved from an ascetic-moralistic book to a popular pamphlet of ghostly apparitions revealed in dreams. How did this emblem –based on Neoplatonic philosophy– evolve from a book written in Latin to a popular nineteenth century pamphlet? Did it conserve part of its original meaning?
KEYWORDS
Death; Soul; Hard Liquor; Mexico.
RESUMEN: La alegoría del cuerpo como cárcel del alma se representó visualmente como un esqueleto que aprisiona a una figura de rasgos infantiles. Uno de los ejemplos más tempranos de esta imagen lo encontramos en el libro de emblemas de Herman Hugo, el afamado Pia Desideria (1624), sin embargo, la pictura se trasladó a otros soportes y contextos lo que le permitió continuar vigente hasta finales del siglo XIX. En el caso mexicano pasó de una publicación de corte ascético-moral a una popular en la cual apariciones fantasmales se manifiestan a través de revelaciones oníricas. ¿Cómo fue que este emblema –con visos neoplatónicos– pasó de un libro en latín a una hoja popular decimonónica? ¿Conservó algo de su significado original?
Variación en la imagen de la Prudencia: entre la tradición y la «nueva visualidad» / Variation on the Image of Prudence: between Tradition and «New Visuality»
Authors: Montesinos Castañeda María
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Although Italian influences prevail in the visual tradition of Prudence, beginning in the 15th century a new iconographic type emerges as a result of a «new visuality» deriving from French art. This innovation has been considered «monstrous» and breaking with the preceding visual tradition. However, this new visual manifestation is a result of the continuation of philosophic theories about Prudence. What is more, Italian art offers a response to the «new visuality» with another new iconographic type of the Prudence.
KEYWORDS
Prudence; Iconography; Visual Culture; Italian Art; French Art; Early Modern Age.
RESUMEN: Aunque en la tradición visual de la Prudencia imperan las influencias italianas, a partir del siglo XV surge un nuevo tipo iconográfico fruto de la «nueva visualidad» procedente del arte francés. Dicha innovación ha sido considerada «monstruosa» y rompedora con la tradición visual precedente. Sin embargo, esta nueva manifestación visual es fruto de la continuación de las teorías filosóficas sobre la Prudencia. Además, el arte italiano ofrece una respuesta a la «nueva visualidad» con otro nuevo tipo iconográfico de la Prudencia.
Martini, Carlo Maria [2018]. Maria Magdalena, Sal Terrae
Authors: Morales Folguera Julio
Published: January 2020

Recensión de libro:
MARTINI, Carlo Maria [2018]. Maria Magdalena, Sal Terrae.
La Biblia como lugar común / The Bible as a Common Place
Authors: Zafra Rafael , Galván Luis
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo trata de determinar el carácter emblemático de un tipo de composiciones catequetico-doctrinales surgidas, por influencia de los Emblemas de Alciato, en el momento cumbre de la disputa entre católicos y protestantes y su intento de refutar y extender sus contrarías y respectivas doctrinas. Partiendo de un concepto de emblema como «lugar común transfigurado» y tras analizar el empleo masivo de estos lugares en la tratados teológicos y doctrinales, se acaba concluyendo que tanto las composiciones que conformaron los catecismos y sumas emblematizadas como muchos de los cuadros y otras composiciones artísticas que de ellos se derivan, pueden ser considerados emblemas en puridad y no en sentido traslaticio, y constituyen una categoría a la que se puede denominar emblemas doctrinales.
La Enciclopedia del Obrero. La revolución editorial anarquista 1881-1923
Authors: Civantos Urrutia Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Convencidos de que la revolución social sería imposible permaneciendo dentro de los parámetros fijados por la burguesía, los anarquistas españoles promovieron una transformación sin precedentes de los modelos culturales establecidos que encontró en el mundo editorial una de sus bases más sólidas. En la seguridad de que los sistemas existentes estaban corrompidos y puestos al servicio de la clase dominante, en el tránsito del S.XIX al XX, nuevas fórmulas de producción y difusión de publicaciones fueron ensayadas; nuevos conceptos de lo que era el libro y de las temáticas que debía abordar, abrieron un debate que prendió con fuerza entre los nuevos lectores, transformó el panorama editorial del cambio de siglo y sedujo incluso a muchos burgueses de izquierda, que se inspiraron en él para la rehumanización literaria de los años 30. Conscientes del poder de subversión de este modelo cultural alternativo impulsado por las editoras anarquistas, las oligarquías nacionales reaccionaron con saña ante estas propuestas reprimiendo duramente a los promotores, persiguiendo sus publicaciones y provocando su caída durante la dictadura de Primo de Rivera.
Leer desde la ruptura. Propuesta teórica para explorar el potencial político de una genealogía literaria interrumpida
Authors: Becerra Mayor David
Published: January 2020

Este artículo tiene por objetivo elaborar una propuesta teórica que nos permita conocer, siguiendo a Walter Benjamin, el potencial político de una genealogía literaria interrumpida: la de la novela política y social de los años treinta y cincuenta, uniendo sus puntos aparentemente inconexos en una constelación. Del mismo modo, y siguiendo la teoría althusseriana del conocimiento, este artículo no pretende describir su objeto de estudio sino producir un nuevo lugar, radicalmente otro, desde el que conocerlo y transformarlo en un conocimiento nuevo. En este sentido, propongo leer esta literatura –que he denominado literatura desde abajo– desde la ruptura Se exploran cuatro rupturas desde las que leer y conocer esta genealogía interrumpida: 1) desde la interrupción que obliga al proyecto de la literatura política a empezar siempre desde cero, sin poder disponer de un archivo de experiencias acumuladas para la emancipación; 2) desde las grietas que esta literatura abre en el muro del historicismo, desafiando el relato del poder y reivindicando la agencia y el lugar en la historia de las clases subalternas; 3) desde la ruptura con la ideología de la literatura, al explorar y elaborar un discurso literario otro para producir un discurso para la emancipación más allá de la forma literaria; y 4) desde la ruptura que nos atraviesa hoy, desde la transición hasta nuestros días, en tanto que lectores sin repertorio de voces literarias para pensar la emancipación en el presente. Finalmente se propone la necesidad de construir un archivo –en la acepción foucaultiana– que no sirva únicamente para catalogar y registrar esta literatura olvidada, sino para hacerla legible.
'Tea Rooms. Mujeres obreras': una novela de avanzada de Luisa Carnés
Authors: Hellín Nistal Lucía
Published: January 2020

Tea Rooms. Mujeres obreras (1934) es una novela escrita por una mujer de origen obrero que quiere ser lectura para las mujeres trabajadoras. En ella Luisa Carnés, escritora largo tiempo postergada, tal vez por su condición de mujer y el compromiso militante de su producción literaria, retrata de soslayo la sociedad de la II República, pero sobre todo representa y problematiza la doble explotación de las mujeres, jugando con repeticiones, metáforas, imágenes e innovaciones estéticas, en un tono vanguardista, pero desde un lenguaje directo y claro de denuncia. Nos proponemos estudiar la función de los mecanismos literarios y la poética de esta novela, en la que la sencillez y los elementos vanguardistas, lejos de ser opuestos, convergen en un objetivo común: conmover, movilizar a las y los lectores para caminar hacia la transformación radical de la sociedad, poniendo especial atención en la emancipación de la mujer trabajadora.
Cultura obrera: un intento de definición
Authors: De Vicente Hernando César
Published: January 2020

Las dificultades que existen en los estudios humanísticos para definir cultura obrera ha dado lugar a numerosos problemas teóricos. En las dos primeras partes, se abordan los mismos y se trata de establecer cuatro puntos fundamentales en la construcción teórica del concepto cultura, para después analizar qué es un hecho cultural. En una tercera parte se intentan establecer las condiciones históricas de aparición de la cultura obrera como resultado de unas específicas transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas, al mismo tiempo, que se esbozan los dos grandes periodos que caracterizan esta cultura: el tiempo del obrero-masa y el del obrero-social. Finalmente se justifica su desaparición en el siglo XXI.
María Arondo, ¿una voz representativa de las 'bonnes' españolas en París? Clase, género, raza y migración
Authors: Negrete Pena Rocio
Published: January 2020

En 1975, una empleada doméstica española escribió y publicó en las ediciones Stock, en París, un relato autobiográfico titulado Moi, la bonne, (Yo, la criada). María Arondo emigró en 1963 y empezó a trabajar en varios empleos del sector del servicio doméstico a domicilio, hasta que pasó a desempeñar tareas en la JOCF, sindicato obrero cristiano, como liberada. Su relato es el discurso de una trabajadora de origen social modesto, pero también el de una extranjera, además del de una mujer que realiza un oficio propio de mujeres. Pero, además, se inserta en un contexto histórico de fuerte inmigración española en Francia, donde la figura de la bonne aún permanece en los imaginarios. Su toma de conciencia de las diversas discriminaciones imbricadas de las que es víctima y sus formas de resistencia serán analizadas con el objetivo de contextualizar su discurso. Una voz obrera, femenina, inmigrante y empoderada que refiere su progresiva construcción de una identidad de clase, de género y de raza ligada a sus experiencias laborales y militantes.
Blocos/batucadas en los barrios obreros de Madrid. La percusión colectiva como cultura de clase
Authors: Fernández Cordero Carolina
Published: January 2020

Influenciados por los blocos afro y los movimientos antisistema europeos, los primeros blocos de tambores brasileños (batucadas) comienzan a formarse en Madrid en los inicios del milenio. Su continua presencia en las calles durante los años de la crisis y posteriormente en el 15M los ha convertido en un fenómeno cultural imprescindible en cualquier reivindicación popular progresista. Algunos de ellos, ubicados y vinculados a los movimientos vecinales y/o anticapitalistas de los barrios obreros de la capital, forman parte de la vida cotidiana de su entorno a través de su participación en sus reivindicaciones y fiestas. Con su música, entendida como herramienta de transformación social, contribuyen al tejido vecinal y a la convivencia ciudadana. Este artículo traza la historia de los blocos nacidos o ubicados en los barrios obreros y periféricos de Madrid capital tanto de la zona norte (Hortaleza y Fuencarral) como de la zona sur (Carabanchel, Vallecas y Usera); indaga en su organización, desarrollo y relaciones desde sus inicios en los primeros años de la década del 2000 hasta la actualidad.
“Un corresponsal en cada fábrica”. La búsqueda de la CGTA para dar voz a las bases en su Semanario
Authors: Canda Mariana Sol
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo analizaremos el llamado que la CGT de los Argentinos realizó para incorporar a su medio de circulación gráfica, el Semanario CGT, el testimonio directo de trabajadores y trabajadoras que adherían a las causas que esta central obrera proponía. Abordando en primer lugar lo que se ha escrito sobre la temática en cuestión, estableceremos el contexto en el que se inscribe esta experiencia (tanto desde lo histórico como desde lo organizacional). El objetivo es indagar acerca del lugar que ocupó en la construcción de la identidad política de la CGTA esta modalidad de trabajo en el Semanario. Identificaremos a la misma a partir del análisis de las notas escritas por bases obreras entre 1968 y 1970, que respondieron a la convocatoria hecha por los redactores del semanario. También expondremos qué otras formas de incentivar la participación obrera se explicitaron en el Semanario, así como los contratiempos y debates que generaron dicha iniciativa.
Un archivo vivo de la guerra civil española. El auténtico archivo de la guerra
Authors: Pastor Núñez Guillermo
Published: January 2020

La movilización de todos los recursos durante la Guerra Civil Española alcanzó también el ámbito de la Cultura y la Gestión del Patrimonio. Si bien son más conocidas iniciativas relacionadas con el Museo del Prado o la Biblioteca Nacional, desde el principio se tuvo en cuenta la creación de un Archivo de la Guerra, donde se reunirían todos los testimonios escritos de todas aquellas unidades militares o asociaciones políticas que lucharon en defensa de la República. Este archivo, después de la guerra, fue incautado y perdió su carácter, pero los documentos que lo compusieron pasaron a formar parte de otros centros de conservación, donde se difunden bajo otro contexto. Con estas referencias ahora fragmentadas se ha podido reconstruir su historia y deducir su destino una vez terminada la Guerra Civil. Del mismo modo, esta reconstrucción histórica permite recuperar el sentido y la naturaleza de esta iniciativa archivística que, como un elemento de lucha y propaganda, supo sacar provecho de los archivos y ser narrador de la movilización social en defensa de la República. Recientemente, y de forma espontánea, han tenido lugar iniciativas que podrían emparentar con este archivo de la guerra, fórmulas para convertir los archivos en instrumentos vivos con una función social y reivindicativa de clase.
Cultura(s) obrera(s) en España
Authors: Martínez Fernández Ángela
Published: January 2020

Presentación
Un gesto de escucha. De Rigoberta de Menchú a 'Las que limpian los hoteles': aplicaciones y límites de la subalternidad en el cambio de siglo. Una conversación con Mercé Picornell
Authors: Martínez Fernández Ángela , Picornell Mercé
Published: January 2020

Este documento se propone como un gesto de escucha hacia la India y América Latina, pues abre la posibilidad de continuar sus conversaciones y trasladarlas a una realidad diferente, siempre desde el autocuestionamiento y la reflexión pausada. Hay elementos en el debate latinoamericano y poscolonial en torno a la subalternidad que permiten visibilizar contradicciones y problemáticas que los debates europeos y los conceptos producidos por la teoría occidental no permiten ver. Es por ello que, escuchando sus diálogos, nace nuestra conversación. Teniendo presente la diferencia abismal entre un contexto colonizador y un contexto colonizado, y las diferentes aplicaciones que la noción de subalternidad ha tenido (Gramsci, Spivak, Guha, Beverley...), nos preguntamos: ¿cómo funcionan las condiciones de subalternidad en el interior de un país colonizador? También, por otro lado, y en ese intento por explorar lo subalterno, nos preguntamos: ¿hasta qué punto los regímenes de subalternidad han variado en el siglo XXI y qué consecuencias y efectos tiene todo ello en la propia cultura?, ¿qué sucede cuando los patrones de acceso a la producción de discurso público se modifican? Nos vemos obligadas, en este punto, a conversar con pausa (con la reflexión teórica suficiente) para desentrañar nuevas vías de intercambio entre pensamientos críticos: por un lado, para explorar en qué medida los funcionamientos de subalternización se dan en el seno de la realidad española y, por otro lado, hasta qué punto están modificándose y ensanchándose las condiciones de subalternidad en la temporalidad presente.
A MILP model for the selective solid waste collection routing problem
Authors: Korcyl Antoni , Gdowska Katarzyna , Książek Roger
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, in the European Union selective solid waste management be-longs to important responsibilities of municipalities. In Solid Waste Management (SWM) the main operational task is to set a schedule for solid waste collection and to find optimal routes for garbage trucks so that the total costs of solid waste collection service can be minimized subject to a series of constraints which guarantee not only fulfillment of SWM’s obligations but also desirable level of quality of that service. Optimization problem of garbage trucks routing is a special case of rich Vehicle Routing Problem as it has to cover following constraints: pickup nodes (clients) must be visited during their predefined time windows; the number and capacity of depots and specialized sorting units can-not be exceeded; each garbage truck can be assigned to at most one depot; each route should be dedicated to collecting one type of segregated solid waste, and the route must be served by a garbage truck which can collect that type of solid waste; availability of garbage trucks and their drivers must be respected; each garbage truck must be drained at a specialized sorting unit before going back to the depot. This paper contributes with a new Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) model for the Selective Solid Waste Collection Routing Problem (SS-WCRP) with time windows, limited heterogeneous fleet, and different types of segregated solid waste to be collected separately. Utilization of MIP for solving small-sized instance of the Fleet Optimization Problem for Selective Solid Waste Collection (FOPSSWC) is and obtained results are reported.
Support of decision-making under risk by a risk-averse decision-maker
Authors: Łodziński Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the decision support under risk by the risk averse decision maker. Decision making under risk occurs when the result of the decision is not unequivocal and depends on the state of the environment. The decision making process is modeled with the use of multi-criteria optimization. The decision is made by solving the problem with the control parameters that determine the decision maker's aspirations and the evaluation of the solutions received. The decision maker asks the parameter for which the solution is determined. Then, evaluate the solution received accepting or rejecting it. In the second case, the decision maker gives a new parameter value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. The work includes an simple discrete problem of decision support under risk
High-speed motility originates from cooperatively pushing and pulling flagella bundles in bilophotrichous bacteria
Authors: Bente Klaas , Mohammadinejad Sarah , Charsooghi Mohammad Avalin , Bachmann Felix , Codutti Agnese , Lefèvre Christopher T , Klumpp Stefan , Faivre Damien
Published: January 2020

Bacteria propel and change direction by rotating long, helical filaments, called flagella. The number of flagella, their arrangement on the cell body and their sense of rotation hypothetically determine the locomotion characteristics of a species. The movement of the most rapid microorganisms has in particular remained unexplored because of additional experimental limitations. We show that magnetotactic cocci with two flagella bundles on one pole swim faster than 500 µm·s−1 along a double helical path, making them one of the fastest natural microswimmers. We additionally reveal that the cells reorient in less than 5 ms, an order of magnitude faster than reported so far for any other bacteria. Using hydrodynamic modeling, we demonstrate that a mode where a pushing and a pulling bundle cooperate is the only possibility to enable both helical tracks and fast reorientations. The advantage of sheathed flagella bundles is the high rigidity, making high swimming speeds possible.
Genomic adaptations in information processing underpin trophic strategy in a whole-ecosystem nutrient enrichment experiment
Authors: Okie Jordan G , Poret-Peterson Amisha T , Lee Zarraz MP , Richter Alexander , Alcaraz Luis D , Eguiarte Luis E , Siefert Janet L , Souza Valeria , Dupont Chris L , Elser James J
Published: January 2020

Several universal genomic traits affect trade-offs in the capacity, cost, and efficiency of the biochemical information processing that underpins metabolism and reproduction. We analyzed the role of these traits in mediating the responses of a planktonic microbial community to nutrient enrichment in an oligotrophic, phosphorus-deficient pond in Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. This is one of the first whole-ecosystem experiments to involve replicated metagenomic assessment. Mean bacterial genome size, GC content, total number of tRNA genes, total number of rRNA genes, and codon usage bias in ribosomal protein sequences were all higher in the fertilized treatment, as predicted on the basis of the assumption that oligotrophy favors lower information-processing costs whereas copiotrophy favors higher processing rates. Contrasting changes in trait variances also suggested differences between traits in mediating assembly under copiotrophic versus oligotrophic conditions. Trade-offs in information-processing traits are apparently sufficiently pronounced to play a role in community assembly because the major components of metabolism—information, energy, and nutrient requirements—are fine-tuned to an organism’s growth and trophic strategy.
Preclinical murine tumor models: A structural and functional perspective
Authors: Guerin Marion V , Finisguerra Veronica , Van den Eynde Benoit J , Bercovici Nadege , Trautmann Alain
Published: January 2020

The goal of this review is to pinpoint the specific features, including the weaknesses, of various tumor models, and to discuss the reasons why treatments that are efficient in murine tumor models often do not work in clinics. In a detailed comparison of transplanted and spontaneous tumor models, we focus on structure–function relationships in the tumor microenvironment. For instance, the architecture of the vascular tree, which depends on whether tumor cells have gone through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is determinant for the extension of the spontaneous necrosis, and for the intratumoral localization of the immune infiltrate. Another key point is the model-dependent abundance of TGFβ in the tumor, which controls the variable susceptibility of different tumor models to treatments. Grounded in a historical perspective, this review provides a rationale for checking factors that will be key for the transition between preclinical murine models and clinical applications.
A phenotypic screening platform utilising human spermatozoa identifies compounds with contraceptive activity
Authors: Gruber Franz S , Johnston Zoe C , Barratt Christopher LR , Andrews Paul D
Published: January 2020

There is an urgent need to develop new methods for male contraception, however a major barrier to drug discovery has been the lack of validated targets and the absence of an effective high-throughput phenotypic screening system. To address this deficit, we developed a fully-automated robotic screening platform that provided quantitative evaluation of compound activity against two key attributes of human sperm function: motility and acrosome reaction. In order to accelerate contraceptive development, we screened the comprehensive collection of 12,000 molecules that make up the ReFRAME repurposing library, comprising nearly all the small molecules that have been approved or have undergone clinical development, or have significant preclinical profiling. We identified several compounds that potently inhibit motility representing either novel drug candidates or routes to target identification. This platform will now allow for major drug discovery programmes that address the critical gap in the contraceptive portfolio as well as uncover novel human sperm biology.
Experiences of Agency Social Work Supervisors in Gaborone
Authors: Mokgadi Kaone , Maripe Kgosietsile
Published: January 2020

Agency social work supervisors contribute to the learning experience of students during field practicum, but little is known about the knowledge these supervisors have on the expectations of the social work practicum, the challenges they face in supervising students and how they can be supported to provide effective and efficient supervision. A study to identify the supervisory gaps, problems, and inadequacies in social work fieldwork practicum was conducted in Gaborone to complement the body of knowledge. This qualitative study triangulated the exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research designs to appreciate the supervisors’ experience. The researcher interviewed 20 agency based supervisors in the health settings, Social and Community Development Departments and Non-Governmental Organizations. Huberman and Miles (1994) framework was used to analyze data following the purposive non-probability sampling technique to get data from the respondents. It was established that some agency supervisors lacked supervisory skills and were ineffective to engage diversity in practice. Moreover, they were unable to deliver according to the Department of Social Work (UB) expectations. It was further discovered that there are three other challenges agency supervisors encountered, which are; lack of social work student passion to learn, negative attitude/behavior of students, and short duration of fieldwork. It was recommended that there is need to train agency supervisors to upgrade supervisory skills to maximize the benefits for social work students. The key terms are; supervision, agency, fieldwork, and social work.
Asynchronous feedback passification for discrete‐time switched systems under state‐dependent switching with dwell time constraint
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Nie Hong
Published: January 2020

This article addresses the passivity analysis and asynchronous feedback passification problems for a class of discrete‐time switched systems with dwell time constraint. By exploiting dwell time‐dependent storage functions, a state‐dependent switching strategy obeying a dwell time constraint is constructed, and the solvability conditions for asynchronous feedback passification are developed in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, the dwell time‐dependent asynchronous passive controllers are formulated simultaneously. It has been shown that the derived results are also applicable to the studies of passivity and synchronous feedback passification for discrete‐time switched systems under the combined switching strategy. Finally, a three‐tank system as a practical example is also provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of our theoretic findings.
ICG‐Conjugated and 125I‐Labeled Polymeric Micelles with High Biosafety for Multimodality Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Yang Lijun , Zhang Congrou , Liu Jinjian , Huang Fan , Zhang Yumin , Liang Xing‐Jie , Liu Jianfeng
Published: January 2020

Noninvasive multimodality imaging‐guided precision photothermal therapy (PTT) is proven to be an effective strategy for tumor theranostics by integrating diagnostics and therapeutics in one nanoplatform. In this study, indocyanine green (ICG)‐conjugated and radionuclide iodine‐125 (125I)‐labeled polymeric micelles (PEG‐PTyr(125I)‐ICG PMs) are strategically prepared by the self‐assembly of the ICG‐decorated amphiphilic diblock polymer poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(l‐tyrosine‐125I)–(indocyanine green) (PEG‐PTyr(125I)‐ICG). The as‐prepared polymeric micelles exhibit favorable biocompatibility, excellent size/photo/radiolabel stability, a high‐photothermal conversion efficiency, a passive tumor‐targeting ability, and a fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA)/single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging property. After tail intravenous injection, the polymeric micelles can efficiently accumulate at the tumor site and present comprehensive FL/PA/SPECT images with a high sensitivity, excellent spatial resolution, and unlimited tissue penetration under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. Upon 808 nm laser irradiation, the subsequent precision PTT of tumors can be achieved with minimal cumulative side effects. Thus, this capable multifunctional nanoplatform with simple components and preparation procedures for FL/PA/SPECT multimodality imaging‐guided PTT can be a potential candidate for clinical tumor theranostics.
Plastic Deformation of Single‐Crystal Diamond Nanopillars
Authors: Regan Blake , Aghajamali Alireza , Froech Johannes , Tran Toan Trong , Scott John , Bishop James , Suarez‐Martinez Irene , Liu Ying , Cairney Julie M. , Marks Nigel A , Toth Milos , Aharonovich Igor
Published: January 2020

Diamond is known to possess a range of extraordinary properties that include exceptional mechanical stability. In this work, it is demonstrated that nanoscale diamond pillars can undergo not only elastic deformation (and brittle fracture), but also a new form of plastic deformation that depends critically on the nanopillar dimensions and crystallographic orientation of the diamond. The plastic deformation can be explained by the emergence of an ordered allotrope of carbon that is termed O8‐carbon. The new phase is predicted by simulations of the deformation dynamics, which show how the sp3 bonds of (001)‐oriented diamond restructure into O8‐carbon in localized regions of deforming diamond nanopillars. The results demonstrate unprecedented mechanical behavior of diamond, and provide important insights into deformation dynamics of nanostructured materials.
A Cast Net Thrown onto an Interface: Wrapping 3D Objects with an Interfacially Jammed Amphiphilic Sheet
Authors: Cui Mengmeng , Gao Qiang , Bowland Christopher C. , Burgeson Eric M. , Hong Kunlun , Yue Pengtao , Naskar Amit K.
Published: January 2020

Wrapping a 3D object with a 2D sheet is not uncommon, but the wrapping behavior becomes complex and interesting when the sheet is bestowed with strong interfacial activities. Amphiphilic lignin macromolecules, isolated from biomass, form a scalable thin surfactant sheet at an oil/water interface through the interfacial jamming process. The process marks three distinct stages of interfacial behavior: a) diffusive assembly, b) viscous assembly with retarded mobility, and c) flexible yet irreversibly jammed rigid sheets. The surfactant sheet wraps, traps, and promptly stabilizes both oil and water droplets in nonequilibrium morphologies upon environmental stimulus. Beyond preserving exotic morphologies, the highly interfacially active surfactant sheet also participates in morphology evolution by creating a vanishing interfacial tension and driving interfacial instability around the wrapped content, leading to novel morphologies as well as many potential applications.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated Monoterpenic Alkaloid Derivatives from Chiral Fluoroalkyl Aldimines via the Pauson‐Khand Reaction
Authors: Llobat Alberto , Sedgwick Daniel M. , Cabré Albert , Román Raquel , Mateu Natalia , Escorihuela Jorge , Medio‐Simón Mercedes , Soloshonok Vadim , Han Jianlin , Riera Antoni , Fustero Santos
Published: January 2020

Enantioenriched fluorinated monoterpenic alkaloid analogues were synthesised, employing a strategy based on the previously undescribed diastereoselective propargylation of fluorinated tert‐butanesulfinyl imines, and subsequent Pauson‐Khand reaction of resulting enyne derivatives, carried out both stoichiometrically and catalytically. The Pauson‐Khand reaction tolerated both substituted alkenes and alkynes, and took place in good yields and diastereoselectivities, even when applied to a gram‐scale synthesis.

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Nitrogen management enhanced plant growth, antioxidant ability, and grain yield of rice under salinity stress
Authors: Zhu Guanglong , Lu Haitong , Shi Xiaoxu , Wang Yue , Zhi Wenfang , Chen Xubing , Liu Jiawei , Ren Zhen , Shi Yu , Ji Zhongya , Jiao Xiurong , Ibrahim Muhi Eldeen Hussien , Nimir Nimir Eltyb Ahmed , Zhou Guisheng
Published: January 2020

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting crop growth and reducing grain yield. In recent years, little progress was made in salt‐tolerant cultivation techniques. Therefore, a controlled experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen management (NM) on growth, antioxidant ability, and yield performance of salt‐tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress. Three salinity levels (0‰ as control; 0.75‰, 4.3 dS m−1; and 1.5‰, 7.7 dS m−1) and four levels of NM (tillering fertilizer/panicle initiation fertilizer = 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6) were arranged in this study. Under salinity stress, plant height, tiller number, fresh weight, grain yield, panicle, spikelets per panicle, grain weight, and soluble sugar content in stem were significantly decreased. In contrast, antioxidant parameters of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were significantly increased. Grain filling percentage and sucrose content were slightly changed. Compared to the control, grain yield was reduced by 45.6%, 34.8%, 60.4%, and 46.7% at the ratio of 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 4:6 NM at 0.75‰ salinity level, and 73.5%, 59.7%, 74.8%, and 61.7% at 1.5‰ salinity level, respectively. The highest yield was generated by 6:4 NM at both the 0.75‰ and 1.5‰ salinity level, and the lowest by 4:6 and 5:5. However, NM could obviously alleviate the inhibition effects of salinity stress and improve antioxidant ability of rice. Among them, 6:4 NM performed the best alleviation effects, followed by 7:3 and 5:5 NM. This study suggests that the appropriate NM can effectively alleviate salinity stress and increase grain yield.
Textile‐Based Inductive Soft Strain Sensors for Fast Frequency Movement and Their Application in Wearable Devices Measuring Multiaxial Hip Joint Angles during Running
Authors: Tavassolian Mohammad , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Napier Christopher , Peng JingYang , Menon Carlo
Published: January 2020

Wearable multiaxes motion tracking with inductive sensors and machine learning is presented. The production, characterization, and use of a modular and size‐adjustable inductive sensor for kinematic motion tracking are introduced. The sensor is highly stable and able to track high‐frequency (>15 Hz) and high strain rates (>450% s−1). Four sensors are used to fabricate a pair of motion capture shorts. A random forest machine learning algorithm is used to predict the sagittal, transverse, and frontal hip joint angle, using the raw signals from sport shorts during running with a cohort of 12 participants against a gold standard optical motion capture system to an accuracy as high as R2 = 0.98 and root mean squared error of 2° in all three planes. Herein, an alternative strain sensor is provided to those typically used (piezoresistive/capacitive) for soft wearable motion capture devices with distinct advantages that can find applications in smart wearable devices, robotics, or direct integration into textiles.
Photo‐Curable Ion‐Enhanced Fluorinated Elastomers for Pressure‐Sensitive Textiles
Authors: Chen Guan-Ting , Su Chun-Hao , Wei Shih-Han , Shen Tien-Lin , Chung Pei-Hsuan , Guo Qiao-Miao , Chen Wei-Jen , Chen Yang-Fang , Liao Ying-Chih , Lee Wen-Ya
Published: January 2020

Smart textiles integrated with the function of recording tactile stimulation attract much attention due to its great potential for health monitoring and wearable electronics. However, the highly uneven surface and poor thermal stability of textiles become main challenges for precision measurement and device fabrications. To solve these issues, an ion‐assisted pressure‐sensitive textile using a novel photo‐curing process is demonstrated in this work. Using a photo‐cured fluorinated polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) (PVDF‐HFP) and a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold, a highly sensitive pyramid array of PVDF‐HFP is successfully fabricated on a textile. Furthermore, after doping the ionic additive, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP), the sensors show improved sensitivity due to the enhanced dielectric constant. The dielectric constant has a significant increase in the value over 37 after doping a small amount of TBAP (2 wt%). Due to the ion doping, the sensitivity of the textile pressure sensors show significant improvement (0.73 kPa−1) higher than that of the PDMS‐based one (0.19 kPa−1). This work not only opens an efficient approach for the fabrication processes of a high‐k elastomer pyramid array on a textile but also provide a design strategy to improve performance of capacitive pressure sensor for smart textiles.
The Gains from Agricultural Groundwater Trade and the Potential for Market Power: Theory and Application
Authors: Bruno Ellen M. , Sexton Richard J.
Published: January 2020

This article models and estimates the efficiency gains from using market‐based instruments relative to command and control to manage groundwater. A theoretical model of an imperfectly competitive groundwater market is developed to show how the magnitude and distribution of the gains from trade change as market structure varies. Market structure is a key consideration because future groundwater markets will likely feature geographic limitations to trade, large agricultural players, and a legal environment that is conducive to forming cartel‐like coalitions. Application of the model to a groundwater‐dependent agricultural region in southern California shows the existence of large gains from trade, despite the potential for market power, with benefits up to 36% greater than that under command and control. Distributional impacts, however, can be sizable even for small degrees of market power. Simulations that vary market conditions show that results likely generalize to other groundwater basins.
Synthesis, spectroscopic, biological, and theoretical studies of new complexes from (E)‐3‐(2‐(5, 6‐ diphenyl‐1,2,4‐ triazin‐3‐ yl)hydrazono)butan‐2‐ one oxime
Authors: Samy Fatma , Shebl Magdy
Published: January 2020

New mononuclear Fe (III), Cu (II), Ag (I), ZrO ( IV) and UO2(VI) complexes were synthesized by the reaction of metal ions with (E)‐3‐(2‐(5, 6‐ diphenyl‐1,2,4‐ triazin‐3‐ yl)hydrazono)butan‐2‐ one oxime. The structures of the metal complexes were characterized using analytical, spectral (infrared, electronic, 1H NMR, electron spin resonance (ESR), and mass), magnetic moment, molar conductance, thermal gravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. All complexes have octahedral geometries except the Cu (II) complex, which has square planar geometry, and the UO2(VI) complex, in which the coordination number is seven. The ligand acts as a (neutral, monoanionic or dianionic) tridentate with N2O coordinating sites: N‐azomethine, N‐triazine, and O‐oxime. Fluorescence spectral studies were carried out in solid state and in dimethylformamide (DMF). The kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition stages were calculated using Coats–Redfern equations. The morphological structures of the ligand and some complexes were determined using XRD. The molecular orbital calculations were carried out for the ligand and metal complexes using the Hyperchem 7.52 program on the basis of the PM3 level. The antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complexes were investigated towards the microorganisms S. aureus and B. subtilis as Gram‐positive bacteria, S. typhimurium and E. coli as Gram‐negative bacteria, C. albicans, and A. fumigatus. The ligand and its complexes showed antitumor activity against Hep G‐2 cell lines, where Cu (II) and Ag (I) complexes seem to be promising as they showed IC50 values that are lower than and comparable to that of the antitumor drug doxorubicin.
Understanding the dynamic nature of risk in climate change assessments—A new starting point for discussion
Authors: Viner David , Ekstrom Marie , Hulbert Margot , Warner Nicolle K. , Wreford Anita , Zommers Zinta
Published: January 2020

This article sets out the current conceptualisation and description of risk used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It identifies limitations in capacity to reflect the dynamic nature of risk components, and the need for standardisation and refinement of methods used to quantify evolving risk patterns. Recent studies highlight the changing nature of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, the three components of risk, and demonstrate the need for coordinated guidance on strategies and methods that better reflect the dynamic nature of the components themselves, and their interaction. Here, we discuss limitations of a static risk framework and call for a way forward that will allow for a better understanding and description of risk. Such advancements in conceptualisation are needed to bring closer the understanding and description of risk in theory with how risk is quantified and communicated in practice. To stimulate discussion, this article proposes a formulation of risk that clearly recognises the temporally evolving nature of risk components.
Multinuclear Yeast Magnusiomyces (Dipodascus, Endomyces) magnusii is a Promising Isobutanol Producer
Authors: Kurylenko Olena O. , Ruchala Justyna , Dmytruk Kostyantyn V. , Abbas Charles A. , Sibirny Andriy A.
Published: January 2020

Higher alcohol isobutanol is a promising liquid fuel. During alcoholic fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces only trace amounts of isobutanol. Screening the collection of nonconventional yeasts show that Magnusiomyces magnusii accumulates 440 mg of isobutanol per L in rich YPD medium. Here, the transformation protocol for M. magnusii is adapted based on the use of the dominant markers conferring resistance to nourseothricin or zeocin; the strong constitutive promoter TEF1 is cloned and a reporter system based on LAC4 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis coding for β‐galactosidase is constructed. In order to increase isobutanol production in M. magnusii, the heterologous gene ILV2 from S. cerevisiae is expressed in M. magnusii under control of the TEF1 promoter. The best stabilized transformants produce 620 mg of isobutanol per L in YPD medium and 760 mg L−1 in the medium with 2‐oxoisovalerate. This suggests that M. magnusii is a promising organism for further development of a robust isobutanol producer.
Clearance of porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus from porcine‐derived pepsin by low pH inactivation and cation exchange chromatography
Authors: Yang Bin , Wang Hua , Kaleas Kimberly , Butler Michelle , Franklin Jayme , Bill Amber , Baylis Sally A. , Chen Qi , Blümel Johannes
Published: January 2020

The contamination of oral rotavirus vaccines by porcine circovirus (PCV) raised questions about potential PCV contamination of other biological products when porcine trypsin or pepsin is used in production process. Several methods can be potentially implemented as a safety barrier when animal derived trypsin or pepsin is used. Removal of PCV is difficult by the commonly used viral filters with the pore size cutoff of approximately 20 nm because of the smaller size of PCV particles that are around 17 nm. It was speculated that operating the chromatography step at a pH higher than pepsin's low pI, but lower than pIs, of most viruses would allow the pepsin to flow through the resin and be recovered from the flow through pool whilst the viruses would be retained on the resin. In this study, we investigated low pH inactivation of viruses including PCV Type 1 (PCV1) and PCV1 removal by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) in the presence of pepsin. Both parvovirus and PCV1 could be effectively inactivated by low pH and PCV1 could be removed by POROS 50HS CEX. The POROS 50HS method presented in this article is helpful for designing other CEX methods for the same purpose and not much difference would be expected for similar product intermediates and same process parameters. While the effectiveness needs to be confirmed for specific applications, the results demonstrate that both low pH (pH 1.7) and CEX methods were successful in eliminating PCV1 and thus either can be considered as an effective virus barrier.
Application of flipped classroom based on the Rain Classroom in the teaching of computer‐aided landscape design
Authors: Da‐Hong Li , Hong‐Yan Li , Wei Li , Guo Jun‐Jie , En‐Zhong Li
Published: January 2020

Since the age of the Internet was coming, the smart teaching tool Rain Classroom provides new research ideas and directions for education reform. In this paper, the researchers analyzed the characteristics of Rain Classroom, studied the problems in flipped classroom teaching, designed a new flipped classroom teaching mode based on Rain Classroom, and practiced the new mode in a course on computer‐aided landscape design. Significant academic differences were shown according to questionnaire surveys of students who experienced Rain Classroom learning compared with a control group learning through traditional lecture‐based learning methods. Results suggest that a comparable group of graduate students who participated in the flipped class based on Rain Classroom scored significantly higher (p = .041 < .05) on the “computer‐aided landscape design” by an average of >3 percentage points than that of the control group. According to survey data, students learned more from the Rain Class than from a traditional lecture format, and the class also promoted teamwork skills. Our results show learning in the Rain Classroom can improve the students' learning interest, stimulate students' learning initiative, and promote better learning.