bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ethical Dilemmas Across Public and Private Sectors in Rehabilitation Counseling Practice
Authors: Beveridge Scott , Garcia Jorge , Siblo Matt
Published: September 2015

Purpose:To examine the nature of ethical dilemmas most frequently reported by rehabilitation counselors in the private and public sectors and determine if significant differences exist in how practitioners experience ethical dilemmas in these two settings.

Method:A mixed-methods internet-based survey design was utilized and included descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative approaches on a sample of rehabilitation counselors (N= 141) via an instrument created by the researchers.

Results:The results indicate that there are clear differences between both the nature and frequency of ethical dilemmas encountered by practitioners in the private and public sectors of rehabilitation counseling. Findings indicate that there are significant differences not only in the frequency and importance each group attributes to ethical dilemmas but also in the types of ethical dilemmas experienced.

Conclusion:Rehabilitation counselors in the private and public sectors practice in different environments (with varied laws, rehabilitation goals, duration of services), and minimal consideration has been given to the diversity of ethical dilemmas that these practitioners encounter in their professional roles. The inclusion of Section F in the 2010 CRCC Code of Ethics was the rehabilitation counseling field’s first attempt to address the differing nature of ethical dilemmas faced by private rehabilitation counselors in their practice. Further study is warranted to examine the dynamics that underlie the ethical decision-making process as well exploring the differences between these two settings.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Surgery Related Infection
Authors: Zhang Yong-Gan , Guo Xue-Li , Song Yan , Miao Chao-Feng , Zhang Chuang , Chen Ning-Heng
Published: September 2015

Surgical site infection (SSI) is an important component of infections acquired from hospital. The most significant feature of vascular surgery different from other surgeries is frequent application of artificial grafts. Once SSI occurs after vascular operations with grafts, it might results in a serious disaster. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are the most common pathogenic bacteria for SSI after vascular surgery. Although SSI in vascular surgery often lacks of typical clinical characters, some clinical symptoms, laboratory data and certain imaging procedures may help to diagnose. In most cases of SSI after vascular procedures, the artificial grafts must be removed and sensitive antibiotics should be administered. However, for different cases, personalized management plan should be made depending on the severity and location of SSI.
Why Do Firms Write Off Their Goodwill? A Comparison of Different Accounting Systems
Authors: Avallone Francesco , Gabbioneta Claudia , Ramassa Paola , Sorrentino Marco
Published: September 2015

Increased comparability of financial statements across adopting countries is one of the main objectives of IFRS adoption. The level of achievement of this objective, however, is still debatable. While some studies have documented that crosscountry comparability of financial statements has increased after IFRS adoption, other studies have found that comparability has actually decreased since 2005. We contribute to this debate by studying whether the motivations for goodwill writeoff are the same or vary across countries with different accounting systems. Although a good deal of research has investigated the motivations for goodwill writeoff, our study is the first to analyze whether these motivations vary across countries with different accounting systems. We find that firms that expect low cash flows in the future are more likely to report goodwill write-offs if they are located in countries with an Anglo-Saxon accounting system than if they are located in countries with a Continental accounting system. These results suggest that IFRS are "interpreted" differently in different countries and that harmonization of financial statements has not been fully achieved yet.
Effect of Microwave Cure on the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Tung Oil-Based/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Smith Madeline , Payne Amanda , Edwards Kyle , Morris Steven , Beckler Brenda , Quirino Rafael
Published: September 2015

Tung oil is uniquely reactive among plant-based natural oils due to the series ofconjugated carbon-carbon double bonds in its fatty acid chains. These conjugatedcarbon-carbon double bonds impart a high reactivity towards cationic polymerization in thepresence of other reactive co-monomers, such as divinylbenzene and styrene. An impressivedecrease in the cure time of tung oil-based thermosets has been achieved when the resinsinvestigated were microwaved in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, thefast cure compromised the overall thermo-mechanical properties of the materialsinvestigated. Microwave power, exposure time, and CNT loading effects have been assessedby means of dielectric analysis (DEA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and proton nuclearmagnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy of extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction.Possible reasons were proposed to explain the overall inferior properties observed wheneverfaster cure rates were achieved.
Glossogyne tenuifolia Extract Inhibits TNF-α-Induced Expression of Adhesion Molecules in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Blocking the NF-kB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hsuan Chin-Feng , Hsu Hsia-Fen , Tseng Wei-Kung , Lee Thung-Lip , Wei Yu-Feng , Hsu Kwan-Lih , Wu Chau-Chung , Houng Jer-Yiing
Published: September 2015

Chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis, where the pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and the recruitment of monocytes are the crucial events leading to its pathogenesis. Glossogyne tenuifolia ethanol extract (GTE) is shown to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We evaluated the effects of GTE and its major components, luteolin (lut), luteolin-7-glucoside (lut-7-g), and oleanolic acid (OA) on TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results demonstrated that GTE, lut, and lut-7-g attenuated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in TNF-α-activated HUVECs, and inhibited the adhesion of monocytes to TNF-α-activated HUVECs. The TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was also suppressed, revealing their inhibitory effects at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, GTE, lut, and lut-7-g blocked the TNF-α-induced degradation of nuclear factor-kB inhibitor (IkB), an indicator of the activation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). In summary, GTE and its bioactive components were effective in preventing the adhesion of monocytes to cytokine-activated endothelium by the inhibition of expression of adhesion molecules, which in turn is mediated through blocking the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kB. The current results reveal the therapeutic potential of GTE in atherosclerosis.
Attenuated UV Radiation Alters Volatile Profile in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes under Field Conditions
Authors: Liu Di , Gao Yuan , Li Xiao-Xi , Li Zheng , Pan Qiu-Hong
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to explore the effect of attenuated UV radiation around grape clusters on the volatile profile of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv.) under field conditions. Grape bunches were wrapped with two types of polyester films that cut off 89% (film A) and 99% (film B) invisible sunlight of less than 380 nm wavelength, respectively. Solar UV radiation reaching the grape berry surface was largely attenuated, and an increase in the concentrations of amino acid-derived benzenoid volatiles and fatty acid-derived esters was observed in the ripening grapes. Meanwhile, the attenuated UV radiation significantly reduced the concentrations of fatty acid-derived aldehydes and alcohols and isoprenoid-derived norisoprenoids. No significant impact was observed for terpenes. In most case, these positive or negative effects were stage-dependent. Reducing UV radiation from the onset of veraison to grape harvest, compared to the other stages, caused a larger alteration in the grape volatile profile. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that (E)-2-hexenal, 4-methyl benzaldehyde, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, (E)-2-heptenal, styrene, α-phenylethanol, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol acetate were affected most significantly by the attenuated UV radiation.
Stereoselective Formation of Substituted 1,3-Dioxolanes through a Three-Component Assembly during the Oxidation of Alkenes with Hypervalent Iodine(III)
Authors: Shimogaki Mio , Fujita Morifumi , Sugimura Takashi
Published: September 2015

Stereoselective formation of substituted 1,3-dioxolanes was achieved through an assembly of three components: alkene, carboxylic acid and silyl enol ether. The reaction proceeded via stereospecific generation of a 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl cation intermediate during oxidation of alkene substrates with hypervalent iodine. The stereoselective trapping of the cation intermediate with silyl enol ether completed the formation of the dioxolane product.
A facile synthetic route to benzimidazolium salts bearing bulky aromatic N-substituents
Authors: Grieco Gabriele , Blacque Olivier , Berke Heinz
Published: September 2015

An atom-economic synthetic route to benzimidazolium salts is presented. The annulated polycyclic systems: 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium chloride (1-Cl), 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium chloride (2-Cl), 1,3-diphenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium chloride (3-Cl), and 1,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium chloride (4-Cl) were prepared in a two-step synthesis avoiding chromatographic work-up. In the key step triethyl orthoformate is reacted with the corresponding N1,N2-diarylbenzene-1,2-diamines and then further transformed in situ, by alkoxy abstraction using trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl), and concomitant imidazole ring closure.
Association of Interferon-Gamma Inducible Protein 10 Polymorphism with Treatment Response to Pegylated Interferon in HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Chuaypen Natthaya , Khlaiphuengsin Apichaya , Posuwan Nawarat , Wasitthankasem Rujipat , Poovorawan Yong , Tangkijvanich Pisit
Published: September 2015

Background

Interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 (IP-10) plays an important role in the clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G-201A of the IP-10 gene and treatment response to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed data of patients with HBeAg-positive CHB treated with PEG-IFN for 48 weeks. Virological response (VR) was defined as HBeAg clearance and HBV DNA <2,000 IU/ml at 24 weeks post-treatment. The SNPs G-201A, IFNL3 (rs12979860) and HLA-DPA1 (rs3077) were assessed.

Results

Among 107 patients, VR was achieved in 45 (42.1%) patients. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and decline (<100 IU/ml) were observed in 10 (9.3%) and 22 (20.6%) patients, respectively. The distribution of GG, GA and AA genotypes of G-201A was 76.6%, 19.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Patients with GG genotype, compared to those with non-GG genotype, achieved higher VR rate (48.8% versus 19.2%; P=0.011), decreased HBsAg (25.6% versus 4.0%; P=0.019), and demonstrated a trend in HBsAg clearance (11.0% versus 4%; P=0.294). Patients with GG genotype had more rapid HBsAg decline and higher baseline serum IP-10 levels than those with non-GG genotype (432.2 ±339.0 versus 257.3 ±145.7 pg/ml; P=0.028). SNPs rs12979860 and rs3077 were not associated with VR. Logistic regression analysis suggested that SNP G-201A was an independent predictor of VR (odds ratio 3.81, 95% CI 1.31, 11.12; P=0.014).

Conclusions

Data from this study demonstrated for the first time that IP-10 polymorphism is independently associated with treatment response to PEG-IFN in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.
Les critères de choix d’une destination par la segmentation des expériences de consommation des touristes : une application aux stations de ski
Authors: Guallino Gabriel , Salvador Marielle
Published: September 2015

La France possède plus de 400 stations de ski, et se classe régulièrement première destination touristique mondiale. Cependant, les consommateurs de sports d’hiver restent mal connus, et les études quantitatives validant une typologie de consommateurs sont rares. Cet article propose de répondre à cet enjeu. Après avoir interrogé 1843 touristes selon 28 critères de l’expérience de consommation recherchée en station de ski, quatre dimensions principales sont extraites : la recherche de sensations, l’hédonisme et l’image, le territoire et le patrimoine, et le service garanti. À partir de ces quatre dimensions, une typologie a été réalisée. Cinq groupes de consommateurs se dégagent : les touristes à la recherche de multi-expériences, les grands-parents, les touristes en quête de nature, les sportifs et les touristes passifs.
Transfert des contrats de travail en cas de transmission d’entreprise : une analyse économique du droit d’opposition du salarié
Authors: Thepot-Olagne Cécile
Published: September 2015

En cas de transmission d’entreprise, certains auteurs estiment que les salariés devraient bénéficier d’un « droit d’opposition au transfert » c’est-à-dire de la possibilité de refuser de travailler pour le nouvel employeur, tout en jouissant de garanties financières. A priori favorable aux salariés, une tel le idée est en réa lité contre-productive. Elle aggraverait l’aléa moral des transferts d’entreprises et risquerait de faire échec à certains d’entre eux. Cela est préjudiciable pour l’ensemble des parties prenantes, salariés compris.
Performance des entreprises familiales et choix d’une technique de transmission : Quelle influence ?
Authors: Bauweraerts Jonathan , Colot Olivier
Published: September 2015

La littérature sur les entreprises familiales montre que la transmission peut améliorer ou détériorer leur performance. Cependant, peu d’études ont appréhendé cette problématique en intégrant la technique de transmission comme facteur explicatif de la performance post-transmission. Cette recherche utilise la méthodologie du pairage statistique de manière à comparer la performance de PME familiales transmises à celles d’homologues non transmises. Les résultats montrent une influence positive de la transmission par revente sur la performance de l’entreprise et une influence négative de la transmission par succession pendant les 2 années qui suivent la transmission.
Les représentations sociales de la transmission d’entreprises familiales : enseignements apportés par les discours cinématographiques
Authors: Lanoux Blandine
Published: September 2015

Cet article a pour objet d’explorer les représentations sociales de la transmission d’entreprise familiale véhiculées par les productions cinématographiques. Pour dessiner les contours des stéréotypes reflétant ou influençant les comportements des acteurs économiques, nous avons analysé onze films en adoptant une approche structurale. Une grille de lecture basée sur des modèles descriptifs du phénomène managérial nous a permis de comparer les observations du réel avec l’imaginaire collectif et de proposer un outil d’accompagnement du processus successoral.
La typification en tant que « modèle » expérientiel
Authors: Butnaru Denisa
Published: September 2015

Le concept de typification a une longue histoire en sociologie de la connaissance et il représente un des concepts majeurs de la phénoménologie sociale inaugurée par Alfred Schütz. Le questionner sous son aspect de modèle expérientiel permet une reconsidération à la fois de la sphère subjective ainsi que du rapport que la typification entretient à l’altérité. Le but de cet article est de problématiser trois aspects fondamentaux du concept de typification, notamment épistémologique, praxéologique et enfin ontologique, afin de montrer ses propriétés de « modèle » expérientiel.
El cáncer colorrectal en la mujer
Authors: García-Carbonero Rocío
Published: September 2015

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el tercer tumor más frecuente en el mundo. Los datos epidemiológicos demuestran que tanto la incidencia como la mortalidad debidos a este tumor son menores en las mujeres que en los hombres. De hecho, numerosos estudios observacionales y experimentales sugieren que los estrógenos, tanto endógenos como exógenos, podrían jugar un papel protector relevante. En este artículo se van a discutir las diferencias epidemiológicas y sociológicas del CCR en función del género, algunas peculiaridades y barreras específicas para la prevención y el diagnóstico precoz del CCR en la mujer, y aspectos particulares de género sobre el impacto de las diversas terapias antineoplásicas, como son cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia, en la función sexual, la continencia esfinteriana y la calidad de vida de las mujeres.
El cáncer ginecológico
Authors: González-Martín Antonio
Published: September 2015

El cáncer ginecológico es un problema de salud en Europa de primer orden en la medida en que en su conjunto, e incluyendo específicamente el cáncer de ovario, de útero y de cuello uterino, representa la tercera causa de cáncer en la mujer en Europa, por detrás del cáncer de mama y el cáncer colorrectal, y la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer tras el cáncer de mama y cáncer de pulmón. La mejora en estas cifras pasa por la implementación de las medidas preventivas disponibles, especialmente en cáncer de cuello uterino, el diagnóstico precoz cuando es posible, la aplicación de la mejor terapéutica por equipos multidisciplinares especializados, y el conocimiento de las alteraciones moleculares de estas enfermedades, como base para el desarrollo de terapias personalizadas y eficientes.
Accurate water‐table depth estimation using seismic refraction in areas of rapidly varying subsurface conditions
Authors: Desper Douglas B. , Link Curtis A. , Nelson Paul N.
Published: September 2015

A common approach for estimating water‐table depth simply and reliably is using seismic refraction. Typical layered solutions from seismic refraction are successful in areas where the water table does not fluctuate rapidly. However, there are many areas around the world where water tables rise and fall rapidly in response to intense rainfall events, especially in tropical and semi‐arid regions. These areas are frequently heavily populated, and the shallow unconfined aquifers, used for drinking water and irrigation, are under increasing threat of overexploitation and pollution. To help mitigate these concerns, a reliable method to accurately determine water‐table depth in these environments is required. We present a unique analysis method based on a calculated reference refraction velocity that gives not only accurate predictions of water‐table depth for cases of rapidly fluctuating water tables but also accurate predictions of largest historical recorded depth to water.

Data used came from a series of 60 refraction surveys carried out at 15 locations with monitoring bores in a tropical area. In a time‐lapse approach, four surveys were performed at each of the bore locations over a nine‐week period during both wet and dry conditions. Using a typical forward/reverse profile approach, we first calculate forward and reverse velocities. These layer velocities are then averaged using a scheme based on moisture conditions to give a reference velocity. Finally, the predicted depth for the water table is determined by identifying the depth at which this reference velocity occurs on a separately calculated refraction velocity tomogram. Results for predicting current water‐table depth for the 60 surveys gave water‐table depth predictions between 0.38 m above and 0.13 m below the measured water table using a 99% confidence interval. Conventional two‐layer solution predictions resulted in only 28% of predictions lying within 1 m of the measured water table. Using a modification to this approach, we are also able to accurately determine the maximum historical recorded depth to water table using information on soil lithology/texture, records for the greatest recorded depth to water table, and refraction velocity tomograms at known locations. This method can then be applied to locations with similar but known lithology but without monitoring bores.
Le goût d’autrefois
Authors: Angé Olivia
Published: September 2015

Dans une perspective complémentaire aux études dénonçant l’exploitation de la mémoire collective au profit du marketing, cet article s’intéresse à l’appréciation personnelle de marchandises destinées à séduire la masse par leur connotation nostalgique. À partir d’une ethnographie de la commercialisation du pain par la multinationale Le Pain quotidien, ce travail explore les modalités de l’articulation entre la nostalgie comme affect personnel et la nostalgie comme stratégie marketing. En examinant le rapport entre la commémoration du passé et les expériences sensitives, il met en lumière les figures d’attachement que les consommateurs développent à l’égard de produits aux allures nostalgiques. Il apporte également un éclairage nouveau sur les différentes temporalités que la nostalgie fait émerger dans le cadre de la consommation de masse.
Nostalgie cherche preneur
Authors: Moiroux Sophie , Vienne Emmanuel de
Published: September 2015

La nostalgie est désormais une valeur mondialisée, ce qui ne signifie ni qu’elle est partout la même, ni que ceux qui en souffrent le plus en tirent profit en conséquence. Cet article offre à cette proposition générale une illustration, par l’examen des peintures d’Amatiwana Trumai, Indien d’Amazonie brésilienne, et de leur échec à s’insérer sur le marché de l’art. La carrière d’Amati, débutée dans les années 1960, s’ancre dans une existence marquée par la maladie, l’exil, le constat des transformations brutales induites par la colonisation. Figurant pour la plupart la vie qu’il estime avoir perdue (la mythologie, les rituels, la faune et la flore du Haut-Xingu), ses toiles produisent la nostalgie autant qu’elles l’expriment. Mais de quelle nostalgie s’agit-il et à qui s’adresse-t-elle ? Ne suscite-t-elle pas des malentendus sur les notions d’authenticité et d’original ?
Vivre dans le « combattantisme »
Authors: Claverie Élisabeth
Published: September 2015

L’article décrit les conditions d’entrée dans le « combattantisme » de Germain Katanga, chef d’un groupe armé en Ituri, dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo, dans les années 1998-2003. Katanga a été accusé de crimes de guerre et de crimes contre l’humanité dans le deuxième procès mis en oeuvre par la Cour pénale internationale (CPI), à La Haye. Cet article a été élaboré à partir d’un travail de terrain à l’intérieur d’une chambre de jugement de la CPI, reposant notamment sur une assistance aux audiences. Avant la montée en puissance de Katanga, l’article détaille les premières séquences de sa trajectoire : de son entrée dans le groupe d’autodéfense de sa communauté jusqu’à ses premières sorties offensives et son obtention du titre de « combattant ». L’article est centré sur le répertoire « maï-maï » de ce groupe et sur le rôle qu’y jouent deux des grands féticheurs-prophètes de la région, Bernard Kakado et Kasaki.
Mary Douglas et les cacahuètes
Authors: Bloch Maurice
Published: September 2015

Cet article souligne l’importance du célèbre ouvrage de Mary Douglas De la souillure. Il examine également de nouvelles hypothèses concernant la prévalence des croyances sur la pollution, notamment les récentes suggestions émises par des évolutionnistes selon lesquelles ces croyances sont des protections innées contre différentes formes d’empoisonnement et de contagion. Pour conclure, il se réfère à des travaux médicaux novateurs d’après lesquels, contredisant en cela de nombreuses théories universalistes visant à expliquer les croyances sur la pollution, cette dernière pourrait être bénéfique.
Inhibitory Receptor Expression on CD8+ T Cells Is Linked to Functional Responses against Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens in Chronic Chagasic Patients
Authors: Lasso Paola , Mateus Jose , Pavía Paula , Rosas Fernando , Roa Nubia , Thomas M. Carmen , López Manuel C. , González John M. , Puerta Concepción J. , Cuéllar Adriana
Published: September 2015

In mammals, chronic diseases resulting from infectious agents have been associated with functional T cell response deficiency, a high frequency of terminally differentiated T cells, the presence of monofunctional Ag-specific T cells, and increased expression of inhibitory receptors. Similar to other chronic diseases, the progressive loss of certain functional activities during Trypanosoma cruzi infection might result in the inability to control replication of this parasite. To examine this hypothesis, we evaluated the differentiation and cell effector function of CD8+ T cells and characterized the expression of inhibitory receptors and the presence of the parasite in the bloodstream of chagasic patients. The results showed that patients at an advanced severe disease stage had a higher frequency of terminally differentiated CD8+ T cells than patients at an early stage of the disease. A monofunctional CD8+ T cell response was observed in patients at an advanced stage, whereas the coexpression of markers that perform three and four functions in response to parasite Ags was observed in patients at a less severe disease stage. The frequency of CD8+ T cells producing granzyme B and perforin and those expressing inhibitory receptors was higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that during the course of Chagas disease, CD8+ T cells undergo a gradual loss of function characterized by impaired cytokine production, the presence of advanced differentiation, and increased inhibitory receptor coexpression.
Involvement of Fcα/μ Receptor in IgM Anti-Platelet, but Not Anti–Red Blood Cell Autoantibody Pathogenicity in Mice
Authors: Legrain Sarah , Su Dan , Breukel Cor , Detalle Laurent , Claassens Jill W. , van der Kaa Jos , Izui Shozo , Verbeek J. Sjef , Coutelier Jean-Paul
Published: September 2015

IgM anti-mouse platelet autoantibodies cause thrombocytopenia by mediating uptake of opsonized thrombocytes, whereas IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia through a phagocytosis-independent cell destruction. In this article, we show that infection with lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus, a benign mouse arterivirus, exacerbates the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet, but not anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. To define the role of Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) in IgM-mediated thrombocytopenia and anemia, we generated mice deficient for this receptor. These animals were resistant to IgM autoantibody-mediated thrombocytopenia, but not anemia. However, the lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus–induced exacerbation of thrombocytopenia was not associated with enhanced Fcα/μR expression on macrophages. These results indicate that Fcα/μR is required for the pathogenicity of IgM anti-platelet autoantibodies but is not sufficient to explain the full extent of the disease in virally infected animals.
Regulatory and T Effector Cells Have Overlapping Low to High Ranges in TCR Affinities for Self during Demyelinating Disease
Authors: Hood Jennifer D. , Zarnitsyna Veronika I. , Zhu Cheng , Evavold Brian D.
Published: September 2015

Having regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the same Ag specificity as the responding conventional T cells is thought to be important in maintaining peripheral tolerance. It has been demonstrated that during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis there are myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)–specific Tregs that infiltrate into the CNS. However, the affinity of naturally occurring polyclonal Tregs for any self-antigen, let alone MOG, has not been analyzed in the periphery or at the site of autoimmune disease. Utilizing the highly sensitive micropipette adhesion frequency assay, which allows one to determine on a single-cell basis the affinity and frequency of polyclonal Ag-specific T cells directly ex vivo, we demonstrate that at peak disease MOG-specific Tregs were progressively enriched in the draining cervical lymph nodes and CNS as compared with spleen. These frequencies were greater than the frequencies measured by tetramer analysis, indicative of the large fraction of lower affinity T cells that comprise the MOG-specific conventional T cell (Tconv) and Treg response. Of interest, the self-reactive CD4+ Tconvs and Tregs displayed overlapping affinities for MOG in the periphery, yet in the CNS, the site of neuroinflammation, Tconvs skew toward higher affinities. Most of the MOG-specific Tregs in the CNS possessed the methylation signature associated with thymic-derived Tregs. These findings indicate that thymic-derived Treg affinity range matches that of their Tconvs in the periphery and suggest a change in TCR affinity as a potential mechanism for autoimmune progression and escape from immune regulation.
The Acoustics of Crime: New Ways of Ensuring Young People Are Not Seen and Not Heard
Authors: Standish Ann
Published: September 2015

The topic of hooning has been a recent addition to the political agenda. Over the last 10 years states throughout Australia have engaged in law and order style auctions to see which jurisdiction can introduce the harshest penalties to prevent this behaviour. This paper explains that these legislative moves have not been inspired by the preservation of human life – which has tended to be the rationale behind the criminalisation of other traffic infringements like speeding. Instead it describes how the introduction of what safety experts describe as ‘draconian penalties’ has been linked to the acoustics and amenability of the crime. This paper demonstrates how hooning laws and penalties that target the ‘outlandish driver behaviour’ of some young people provide an exemplar of the authoritarian dimensions of neo-liberal rule. These harsh laws are a governmental response to restoring neighbourhood peace that employ tactics beyond the traditional punitive approaches which seek to discipline offenders.
Observations of high droplet number concentrations in Southern Ocean boundary layer clouds
Authors: Chubb T. , Huang Y. , Jensen J. , Campos T. , Siems S. , Manton M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Data from the standard cloud physics payload during the NSF/NCAR High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns provide a snapshot of unusual wintertime microphysical conditions in the boundary layer over the Southern Ocean. On 29 June 2011, the HIAPER sampled the boundary layer in a region of pre-frontal warm air advection between 58 and 48° S to the south of Tasmania. Cloud droplet number concentrations were consistent with climatological values in the northernmost profiles but were exceptionally high for wintertime in the Southern Ocean at 100–200 cm−3 in the southernmost profiles. Sub-micron (0.0625 m s−1) were most likely responsible for production of sea spray aerosol which influenced the microphysical properties of the boundary layer clouds. The smaller size and higher number concentration of cloud droplets is inferred to increase the albedo of these clouds, and these conditions occur regularly, and are expected to increase in frequency, over windy parts of the Southern Ocean.
Factors Influencing the Choice of an Agriculture Specialisation by Primary teachers’ Diploma College Students in Swaziland
Authors: Masuku Micah Bheki , Tsikati Alfred F. , Dlamini Barnabas M.
Published: September 2015

The choice of a specialisation is one of the lifetime career decisions students have to make when entering college. The purpose of the study was to determine factors that influence the choice of Agriculture specialisation by college student teachers in Swaziland. A desk review and a Modified Delphi technique were used to generate items used in the survey questionnaire for data collection. A census of 351 student teachers from three teacher training colleges was used. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression. The findings of the study revealed that students’ interest, department’s image, sex and influence by professionals were the predictors for the choice of Agriculture specialisation in the teacher training colleges in Swaziland. The study recommends that the Agriculture departments in the colleges must stage campaigns and craft policies to promote the choice of the Agriculture specialisation. A study should be conducted to determine the influence of the subject combinations that make an area of specialisation on the choice of the Agriculture specialisation.
Vascular Hemostasis in Heifers on Rearing
Authors: Nikolayevich Medvedev Ilya , Yur’evna Zavalishina Svetlana
Published: September 2015

On investigation of 42 healthy black-and-white breed heifers on rearing the tendency for the decrease of acylhydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid content in their blood was stated as a result of increase of plasma antioxidant protection activity in them. On the background of the low level of endotheliocytemia in healthy heifers on rearing there was revealed a considerable upward trend of the antiaggregational activity indices in the vascular wall with all tested inductors and their combinations.For endotheliocytes of heifers on rearing a tendency for gradual increase of antithrombin III production, ensuring the necessary level of anticoagulant blood capacity is evident. In animals from 12 to 15 months of life this was accompanied with increase of plasminogen tissue activators secretion by the vascular wall.
Development of Facial Rejuvenation Procedures: Thirty Years of Clinical Experience with Face Lifts
Authors: Kim Byung Jun , Choi Jun Ho , Lee Yoonho
Published: September 2015

Facial rejuvenation procedures can be roughly divided into face lift surgery and nonoperative, less invasive procedures, such as fat grafts, fillers, botulinum toxin injections, thread lifts, or laserbrasion. Face lift surgery or rhytidectomy is the procedure most directly associated with rejuvenation, due to its fundamental ability to restore the anatomical changes caused by aging. Various methods of face lift surgery have been developed over the last hundred years, thanks to advances in the understanding of facial anatomy and the mechanisms of aging, as well as the dedication of innovative surgeons. However, no generally applicable standard method exists, because the condition of each patient is different, and each operative method has advantages and disadvantages. Specific characteristics of the skin of Asians and their skeletal anatomy should be considered when determining the operative method to be used on Asian patients. Plastic surgeons should improve their ability to analyze the original aesthetic properties and problem areas of each patient, drawing on scientific knowledge about the aging process, and they should develop the skills necessary to perform various rejuvenative techniques. In the present article, we reviewed various face lift procedures and the current methods of modified double plane face lift, based on our clinical experience of over 30 years.
Lateral Brow Lift: A Multi-Point Suture Fixation Technique
Authors: Foustanos Andreas , Drimouras Georgios , Panagiotopoulos Konstantinos
Published: September 2015

Background Descent of the lateral aspect of the brow is one of the earliest signs of aging. The purpose of this study was to describe an open surgical technique for lateral brow lifts, with the goal of achieving reliable, predictable, and long-lasting results.

Methods An incision was made behind and parallel to the temporal hairline, and then extended deeper through the temporoparietal fascia to the level of the deep temporal fascia. Dissection was continued anteriorly on the surface of the deep temporal fascia and subperiosteally beyond the temporal crest, to the level of the superolateral orbital rim. Fixation of the lateral brow and tightening of the orbicularis oculi muscle was achieved with the placement of sutures that secured the tissue directly to the galea aponeurotica on the lateral aspect of the incision. An additional fixation was made between the temporoparietal fascia and the deep temporal fascia, as well as between the temporoparietal fascia and the galea aponeurotica. The excess skin in the temporal area was excised and the incision was closed.

Results A total of 519 patients were included in the study. Satisfactory lateral brow elevation was obtained in most of the patients (94.41%). The following complications were observed: total relapse (n=8), partial relapse (n=21), neurapraxia of the frontal branch of the facial nerve (n=5), and limited alopecia in the temporal incision (n=9).

Conclusions We consider this approach to be a safe and effective procedure, with long-lasting results.
Short-Term Strength Deficit Following Zone 1 Replantations
Authors: Roh Si Young , Shim Woo Cheol , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Dong Chul , Kim Jin Soo , Yang Jae-Won
Published: September 2015

Background Hand strength deficit following digital replantation is usually attributed to the mechanical deficiency of the replanted digit. Zone 1 replantation, however, should not be associated with any mechanical deficit, as the joint and tendon are intact. We evaluate short-term motor functions in patients who have undergone single-digit zone 1 replantation.

Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed for all patients who underwent zone 1 replantation. Hand and pinch strengths were evaluated using standard dynamometers. Each set of measurements was pooled according to follow-up periods (within 1 month, 1 to 2 months, 2 to 3 months, and after 3 months). The uninjured hand was used as reference for measurements.

Results The review identified 53 patients who had undergone zone 1 replantation and presented for follow-up visits. Compared to the uninjured hand, dynamometer measurements revealed significantly less strength for the hand with replanted digit at one month. The relative mean grip, pulp, and key pinch strength were 31%, 46%, and 48% of the uninjured hand. These three strength measurements gradually increased, with relative strength measurements of 59%, 70%, and 78% for 4-month follow up.

Conclusions Despite the lack of joint or tendon injury, strength of the injured hand was significantly lower than that of the uninjured hand during the 4 months following replantation. Improved rehabilitation strategies are needed to diminish the short-term negative impact that an isolated zone 1 replantation has on the overall hand strength.
Reconstruction of Ankle and Heel Defects with Peroneal Artery Perforator-Based Pedicled Flaps
Authors: Ahn Deok Ki , Lew Dae Hyun , Roh Tai Suk , Lee Won Jai
Published: September 2015

Background The reconstruction of ankle and heel defects remains a significant problem for plastic surgeons. The following options exist for reconstructing such defects: local random flaps, reverse flow island flaps, and free flaps. However, each of these methods has certain drawbacks. Peroneal artery perforators have many advantages; in particular, they are predictable and reliable for ankle and heel reconstructions. In this study, we report our clinical experience with peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flaps in ankle and heel reconstructions.

Methods From July 2005 to October 2012, 12 patients underwent the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the ankle and heel using a peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flap. These 12 cases were classified according to the anatomical area involved. The cause of the wound, comorbidities, flap size, operative results, and complications were analyzed through retrospective chart review.

Results The mean age of the patients was 52.4 years. The size of the flaps ranged from 5×4 to 20×8 cm2. The defects were classified into two groups based on whether they occurred in the Achilles tendon (n=9) or heel pad (n=3). In all 12 patients, complete flap survival was achieved without significant complications; however, two patients experienced minor wound dehiscence. Nevertheless, these wounds healed in response to subsequent debridement and conservative management. No patient had any functional deficits of the lower extremities.

Conclusions Peroneal artery perforator-based pedicled flaps were found to be a useful option for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the ankle and heel.
Ritualbeschreibungen und Gebete I. By Stefan M. Maul and Rita Strauss
Authors: Scurlock JoAnn
Published: September 2015

Ritualbeschreibungen und Gebete I. By Stefan M. Maul and Rita Strauss. Keilschrifttexte aus Assur literarischen Inhalts, vol. 4. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, vol. 133. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2011. Pp. xi + 240, plates. €48.
New Kingdom Ostraca from the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. By Fredrik Hagen
Authors: Darnell Colleen Manassa
Published: September 2015

New Kingdom Ostraca from the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge. By Fredrik Hagen. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 46. Leiden: Brill, 2011. Pp. xiii + 124, illus. $155.
Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman. Edited by Marilyn J. Lundberg; Steven Fine; and Wayne T. Pitard
Authors: Lam Joseph
Published: September 2015

Puzzling Out the Past: Studies in Northwest Semitic Languages and Literatures in Honor of Bruce Zuckerman. Edited by Marilyn J. Lundberg; Steven Fine; and Wayne T. Pitard. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, vol. 55. Leiden: BRill, 2012. Pp. xvi + 334, illus. $245.
Epistle of the Eloquent Clarification concerning the Refutation of Ibn Qutayba by Al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad (d. 363/974). Edited by Avraham Hakim
Authors: Traboulsi Samer
Published: September 2015

The Epistle of the Eloquent Clarification concerning the Refutation of Ibn Qutayba by Al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad (d. 363/974). Edited by Avraham Hakim. Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 90. Leiden: Brill, 2012. Pp. xi + 22 + 175 (Arabic). $129, €94.
El zoco medieval: Contribución al studio de la historia del mercado. By Pedro Chalmeta
Authors: Morony Michael
Published: September 2015

El zoco medieval: Contribución al studio de la historia del mercado. By Pedro Chalmeta. Estadios Andalusíes, vol. 3. Almería: Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estadios Árabes, 2010. Pp. 939. €49.
Society and Politics in an Ottoman Town: ʿAyntāb in the 17th Century. By Hülya Canbakal
Authors: Wilkins Charles L.
Published: September 2015

Society and Politics in an Ottoman Town: ʿAyntāb in the 17th Century. By Hülya Canbakal. The Ottoman Empire and Its Heritage, vol. 36. Leiden: Brill, 2007. Pp. xvi + 216. $137, €103.
Savage Exchange: Han Imperialism, Chinese Literary Style, and the Economic Imagination. By Tamara T. Chin
Authors: Havverstad Luke
Published: September 2015

Savage Exchange: Han Imperialism, Chinese Literary Style, and the Economic Imagination. By Tamara T. Chin. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, vol. 94. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 363. $49.95, £36.95, €45.00 (cloth).
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: September 2015

Front matter
DSHARK: A dispersion relation solver for obliquely propagating waves in bi‐kappa‐distributed plasmas
Authors: Astfalk Patrick , Görler Tobias , Jenko Frank
Published: September 2015

Satellite measurements suggest that space plasmas often exhibit bi‐kappa particle distributions with high‐energy tails instead of simple Maxwellians. The presence of suprathermal particles significantly alters the plasmas' dispersion properties compared to purely Maxwellian scenarios. In the past, wave propagation in magnetized, bi‐kappa plasmas was almost exclusively addressed for parallel propagating modes only. To enable a systematic study of both parallel and oblique wave propagation, the new kinetic dispersion relation solver Dispersion Solver for Homogeneous Plasmas with Anisotropic Kappa Distributions (DSHARK) was developed and is presented in this work. DSHARK is an iterative root‐finding algorithm which is based on Summers et al. (1994) who derived the dielectric tensor for plasmas with bi‐kappa‐distributed particles. After a brief discussion of kappa distributions, we present the kinetic theory and the numerical methods implemented in DSHARK and verify the code by considering several test cases. Then, we apply DSHARK to the oblique firehose instability to initiate a more extensive work which will be addressed in the future. A systematic investigation of the dispersion properties of bi‐kappa‐distributed plasmas is expected to lead to a deeper understanding of wave propagation and instability growth in the solar wind.
Probing the possible trigger mechanisms of an equatorial plasma bubble event based on multistation optical data
Authors: Taori A. , Parihar N. , Ghodpage R. , Dashora N. , Sripathi S. , Kherani E. A. , Patil P. T.
Published: September 2015

We analyze an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event observed in optical 630 nm image data simultaneously from Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E), India. The total electron content data from Gadanki together with the ionosonde data from an equatorial Indian station, Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E) confirmed the association of observed EPB event with equatorial spread F (ESF). The optical 630 nm images from a farther low‐latitude Indian station Ranchi (23.3°N, 85.3°E) show clear signatures of tilted east‐west wave structures propagating toward equator. Further, the upward wave energy noted in mesospheric airglow data was found to be negligible. These data suggest that possibly the off‐equatorial tilted east‐west structures triggered the observed EPB/ESF event.
What causes large submarine landslides on low gradient (<2°) continental slopes with slow (∼0.15 m/kyr) sediment accumulation?
Authors: Urlaub Morelia , Talling Peter J. , Zervos Antonis , Masson Douglas
Published: September 2015

Submarine landslides can cause damaging tsunamis, the height of which scales up with the volume of the displaced mass. The largest underwater landslides are far bigger than any landslides on land, and these submarine megaslides tend to occur on open continental slopes with remarkably low gradients of less than 2°. For geohazard assessments it is essential to understand what preconditions and triggers slope failure on such low gradients. Previous work has suggested that generation of high excess pore pressure due to rapid sediment deposition plays a key role in such failures. However, submarine slope failure also occurs where sedimentation rates are low (<0.15 m/kyr), such as off northwest Africa. We use a fully coupled stress and fluid flow finite element model to test whether such low sedimentation rates can generate sufficient excess pore pressures to cause failure of a 2° slope. The sensitivity of overpressure generation and slope stability is assessed with respect to different sedimentation rates and patterns, sediment consolidation properties, and stratigraphic layer configurations. The simulations show that, in general, it is difficult to generate significant excess pore pressure if sediment accumulation is slow and the only pressure source. However, we identify a sediment compression behavior that can lead to submarine landslides in locations worldwide. Our results imply that compressibility is an important factor for the stability of low gradient continental slopes.