bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIM and ANN-based rapid prediction approach for natural daylighting inside library spaces
Authors: Ni Ting , Wang Bo , Jiang Jiaxin , Wang Meng , Lei Qing , Deng Xinman , Feng Cuiying
Published: August 2022

The issue of how to fully utilize natural daylighting of public buildings is one of the greatest practical objectives for lighting savings. The rapid and accurate prediction of the daylighting coefficient at the early design stage can provide a quantitative basis for energy-saving optimization. However, it is not comprehensive to determine the design parameters according to experience. The key problem that is still facing designers is the interoperability between building modeling and energy simulation tools. In this paper, an integrated approach using a dataset created by building information modeling and artificial neural network technology is developed for the fast optimal daylight factor prediction of large public spaces at the early design stage. According to this approach, the value of daylight factors is calculated for different windowsill heights, window heights and widths by Autodesk® Revit and Ecotect Analysis to form a dataset. With this dataset, an artificial neural network model is established using the backpropagation algorithm to predict the relevant design parameters. With their large interior spaces, the reading areas of the aboveground five floors in Chengdu University of Technology Library are selected to carry out the daylight factor experiment and rapid prediction. A total of 495 groups of experimental data are randomly divided into training and testing sets. The root mean squared errors are below 0.1, which indicates a high regression model fitting. A total of 225,369 groups of prepared data are used in the prediction model to obtain the optimal windowsill height (1.0 m), window height (2.4 m) and window width (2.1 m) for five floors in the case of the maximum daylighting coefficient. Finally, a smartphone app is designed to facilitate daylight factor prediction without any experience in modeling and simulation tools, which is simple and available to realize prediction visualization and historical result analysis.
Primjena suvremenih nastavnih strategija u nastavi Prirode tijekom realizacije nastavne jedinice Sjemenka - Klijanje
Authors: Balažinec Marina
Published: August 2022

Suvremena nastava stavlja učenike u središte nastavnog procesa, a cilj joj je podučiti učenike kako primijeniti stečena znanja u životnim situacijama i pripremiti ih na život koji zahtjeva snalažljivost i brzu prilagodbu. Da bi stekli znanje i vještine učenici prije svega trebaju biti motivirani za rad i učenje. U svojoj praksi koristim niz suvremenih nastavnih strategija koje mi pomažu da motiviram učenike i da osmislim zanimljive nastavne satove u kojima će učenici aktivno sudjelovati. Rad pruža prikaz obrade nastavnog sata Sjemenka-klijanje u petom razredu osnovne škole uz pomoć nastavnih strategija. U radu su opisane nastavne strategije: Oluja ideja, Proučavanje slučaja (engl. Case study) i Didaktičke igra Tabu s ciljem prenošenja i dijeljenja ideja, iskustva, različitih metoda i strategija obrade nastavnog gradiva među kolegama. Anketnim listićima ispitano je mišljenja učenika o etapi obrade izvedene pomoću nastavne strategije Proučavanje slučaja, a rezultati su pokazali da učenike najviše veseli praktični rad, a nastavna strategija Proučavanje slučaja u njima budi pozitivne osjećaje što je izuzetno bitno za motivaciju učenika.
Učimo iz iskustva - online nastava u STEM području
Authors: Sambolek Melita , Vadlja Rešetar Karmena
Published: August 2022

Nakon višemjesečnog održavanja online nastave, smatrali smo da je važno dobiti povratnu informaciju o tome kakvo je iskustvo i doživljaj učenika u praćenju nastave STEM grupe predmeta (biologija, fizika, kemija i matematika). Ovi su predmeti izabrani zbog svoje specifičnosti jer, osim predavanja, sadrže i pokuse, vježbe te rješavanje problemskih i numeričkih zadataka. Cilj je istraživanja bio utvrditi zadovoljstvo dosadašnjom provedbom online nastave, korigirati svoje stavove i metode poučavanja te po potrebi promijeniti i poboljšati nastavu sukladno mišljenju i sugestijama učenika. Kako bi dobili povratnu informaciju, proveli smo online istraživanje u Gimnaziji Josipa Slavenskog Čakovec putem Microsoft Forms upitnika. Teme obuhvaćene upitnikom bile su: zadovoljstvo online nastavom, osobni stav/doživljaj online nastave, izvedba online nastave, online pisane provjere znanja i digitalni alati u online nastavi. Razmatrajući rezultate ankete utvrdili smo da je većina učenika zadovoljna ili izrazito zadovoljna trenutnim načinom odvijanja online nastave u STEM grupi predmeta, a to je odvijanje nastave u realnom vremenu putem Zooma. Međutim, učenici napominju da je online nastavu teže pratiti, da online provjere znanja ne pokazuju realno znanje učenika te navode još niz problema s kojima su se susretali. Također, ističu i dobre strane online nastave kao što je svladavanje digitalnih alata koje će koristiti i kasnije u svom obrazovanju i radu. Unatoč ukupnim pozitivnim komentarima učenika, nastavnici u STEM području još uvijek imaju prostora za poboljšanje, osluškujući potrebe učenika, u čemu mogu pomoći rezultati ove ankete, osobito pažljivo čitanje učeničkih komentara u kojima možemo pronaći neke svoje propuste, osvijestiti ih i pokušati biti bolji. U tu svrhu, istakli smo neke prijedloge i savjete kako bi profesori mogli unaprijediti svoju online nastavu.
Segregação Residencial Racial e Mortalidade por Câncer do Colo do Útero nas Regiões de Saúde do Brasil
Authors: Nogueira Mário Círio , Costa Ana Luísa Soares , Reis Juliana Lopes de Oliveira , Pereira Ítalo
Published: August 2022

Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero (CCU) é um dos mais frequentes em mulheres e tem sido relacionado a baixos níveis de desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a taxa de mortalidade padronizada por CCU e a segregação residencial racial. Método: Estudo ecológico que teve como unidade de análise as 438 Regiões de Saúde do Brasil em 2010. O desfecho foi a taxa de mortalidade por CCU em mulheres, padronizada por idade, por 100 mil mulheres. A exposição de interesse foi o Índice de Interação Racial (IIR), uma medida de segregação residencial da dimensão uniformidade, estimada a partir de dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 agregados por setores censitários. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) foi covariável de controle. A associação entre as variáveis foi analisada por modelo de regressão linear. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade por CCU teve os maiores valores nas Regiões de Saúde do Norte e do Centro-Oeste, e os menores no Sul e no Sudeste, padrão diferente do IDH e do IIR, com valores menores no Norte e no Nordeste e maiores no Sul e no Sudeste. O IIR teve associação negativa com a taxa de mortalidade; no modelo ajustado pelo IDH, cada aumento de 0,1 no IIR esteve associado à diminuição de 0,6 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres. Conclusão: A segregação residencial racial está associada à mortalidade por CCU. Os indicadores de segregação residencial deveriam ser considerados para inclusão em futuros estudos epidemiológicos como importantes determinantes contextuais do processo saúde-doença.
Perbandingan Hybrid Algoritma Genetika dengan Multilayer Perception dan Geometric Brownian Motion untuk Memprediksi Harga Saham
Authors: Azizah Muftiyatul
Published: August 2022

Saham didefinisikan sebagai tanda kepemilikan investor atas investasi mereka atau sejumlah dana yang diinvestasikan dalam suatu perusahaan. Tujuan perusahaan menerbitkan saham yakni untuk memperoleh tambahan modal dari setiap lembar yang terjual. Semakin banyak saham yang dimiliki oleh para investor maka menunjukkan semakin tinggi tingkat kinerja perusahaan. Hasil prediksi dari pergerakan harga saham sangat penting untuk mengembangkan strategi perdagangan pasar. Prediksi harga saham dapat mengantisipasi kerugian investasi dan memberikan keuntungan optimal bagi para investor. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan prediksi harga saham perusahaan Microsoft menggunakan metode hybrid algoritma genetika dan multilayer perceptron, serta dengan metode hybrid algoritma genetika dan geometric Brownian motion. Nilai MAPE yang dihasilkan dari hybrid algoritma genetika dan geometric Brownian motion adalah sebesar 0.0057139, sedangkan nilai MAPE yang dihasilkan oleh hybrid algoritma genetika dan multilayer perceptron adalah sebesar 0.05164. Nilai MAPE hasil prediksi menggunakan hybrid algoritma genetika dan geometric Brownian motion lebih baik dibandingkan dengan nilai MAPE hasil prediksi menggunakan hybrid algoritma genetika dan multilayer perceptron.
Análise de Viabilidade Econômica e Financeira para Implantação de um Minimercado de Produtos Alimentício em Urupá – RO
Authors: Rodrigues Ronilton Fenali , Alencar Cícero Aparecido de
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem como propósito analisar viabilidade econômica e financeira para implantação de um minimercado de produtos alimentícios em Urupá – RO, segundo dados levantados pela ASN, o segmento de comércio varejista de alimentos do modelo minimercado tem se destacado e ganhado forças nos últimos cincos anos, impulsionado pelo novo estilo de consumo, com isso, percebe oportunidade de exploração na cidade de Urupá – RO, de acordo com IBGE vem apresentando considerável crescimento demográfico entre o ano de 2010 para 2015. A pesquisa teve como metodologia o delineamento no método quantitativo, propondo medir as relações existentes entres as variáveis e avaliar os resultados, por meio de verificação de números disponibilizada por análise de índices, propondo entender as perspectivas projetadas para o empreendimento através destas variáveis. Os dados foram coletados por meio de conversas informais, análises documentais e planilhas eletrônicas do programa Microsoft Excel. Para assegurar a viabilidade de exploração do negócio a pesquisa projetou através dos indicadores econômicos e financeiros, tais como: os investimentos, custos fixos e variáveis, projeções de receitas, DRE, VPL, TIR, Payback e etc. Com as análises dos dados obtidos, conclui-se para o empreendimento que há viabilidade de exploração, tendo vista que os índices demonstram resultados favoráveis que justificam a implantação do negócio no município de Urupá-RO.
O abuso sexual infantil no ambiente intrafamiliar: uma análise dos casos no período da pandemia no Brasil
Authors: Souza Tiffany Neves de , Silva Luciane Lima Costa e
Published: August 2022

O abuso sexual infantil, sendo um fenômeno social, origina diversas causas, deixando vulneráveis expostos a injustiças, danos morais, sociais e preconceitos. Esse, quando denominado de intrafamiliar, está relacionado ao fato de se originar dentro do seio familiar, tendo em vista que, na maioria das vezes, os abusadores são parentes próximos da vítima, como pai, mãe, irmãos, padrasto, madrasta, tios, primos, avós, tutores ou os companheiros que moram junto com a mãe ou o pai. Assim, devido a pandemia da Covid-19, verifica-se que houve uma considerável diminuição das denúncias desses casos, suscintando a questão norteadora: qual é a relação entre a COVID-19 e a diminuição dos casos de abuso sexual infantil no ambiente intrafamiliar? Portanto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o abuso sexual infantil no ambiente intrafamiliar, verificando os casos notificados no período da Pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como procedimento a pesquisa bibliográfica. Logo, como resultados verificou-se a subnotificação dos casos e que alguns fatores, como o isolamento social, tornaram mais propícios a prática de abuso sexual infantil no ambiente intrafamiliar. Após a realização desse estudo, pode-se concluir que o abuso sexual infantil precisa estar nas discussões de políticas públicas como um fenômeno globalizado dentro da sociedade, pois sua erradicação e prevenção é um desafio constante dos profissionais das áreas sociais, da saúde e da educação, bem como de todos os envolvidos e interessados acerca da problemática.
DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY: CONCEPT, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, LEGAL ASPECT OF REGULATION
Authors: Арзамаскин Алексей Николаевич
Published: August 2022

This article analyzes the main trends in the development of digital ecosystems in modern society. The purpose of the article is to clarify and specify the main tasks and challenges facing the state in building an effective system of legal support for digital ecosystems, as well as the problems and risks that emerging from the development of digital ecosystems and their influence on various spheres of life.
In the process of working on the study, the methods of system analysis, structural analysis, comparison, synthesis and generalization are used. Results: in order to ensure national security and the interests of the state and society, it is important to establish a clear framework that defines the risky boundaries of ecosystems. The system of legal and regulatory support for the activities of digital ecosystems that is currently being formed should be, on the one hand, flexible, permissible in matters of self-regulation of ecosystems, and, on the other hand, preventive, since the volume of risks (economic, political, technological, social), taking into account the rapidly the emerging digital economy is essential.
SOME FEATURES OF MAINTAINING ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE IN MODERN RUSSIAN LEGAL REALITY
Authors: Петрова Роза Есеновна , Пиксин Дмитрий Григорьевич
Published: August 2022

The institution of attorney-client privilege, designed to advance the constitutional provision relating to the preservation of privacy, is undergoing major changes in connection with the development of information technologies. Lawyers and members of lawyers' associations are actively using computerized systems, databases to facilitate the provision of qualified legal assistance. It is information containing data relating to attorney-client privilege that is of interest to persons capable of gaining access to other people's computers. Purpose: to analyze the institution of attorney-client privilege, as well as the status of persons who have access to it. In addition, it is necessary to classify the sources of attorney-client privilege, as well as to study the mechanism of their action. Methods: in the course of writing the work, the dialectical method, analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, description method and legal modeling method are used. Results: the authors investigate the problem of the institution of attorney-client privilege, the mechanisms of its preservation and provision. Some contradictions are revealed between the legislative definition of the institution of attorney-client privilege and the definition popular in the lawyers' community. In addition, the role of members of lawyers' associations with access to attorney-client privilege is studied. A classification of sources of attorney-client privilege is made, and methods of modernization of the said institute are proposed, which is expressed in approval or criticism of the positions of some authors regarding the problem of preservation of information containing attorney-client privilege.
ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СУДОВ АПЕЛЛЯЦИОННОЙ И КАССАЦИОННОЙ ИНСТАНЦИЙ В УГОЛОВНОМ СУДОПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ РОССИИ
Authors: Корнелюк Оксана
Published: August 2022

В статье представлен краткий анализ судебной реформы, в результате которой были созданы апелляционные и кассационные суды, рассмотрены отдельные проблемы их функционирования, анализируется содержание понятий сплошной и выборочной кассации. Автор считает, что, с одной стороны, проведенная реформа имеет позитивное значение для российского судопроизводства, поскольку она нивелировала влияние региональных элит, способствовала объективности и беспристрастности выносимых решений. С другой стороны, реформа имеет недостатки, которые выделены и проанализированы в статье. Сделан вывод о том, что система независимых апелляционных и кассационных судов является насущной для российской судебной системы, необходима дальнейшая работа по ее совершенствованию.
СОВЕТСКИЙ СОЮЗ КАК «ТОТАЛИТАРНОЕ» ГОСУДАРСТВО: ОЦЕНКИ И ВЫВОДЫ
Authors: Бредихин Алексей Леонидович , Стахно Роман Евгеньевич
Published: August 2022

В статье исследуется суть тоталитаризма применительно к характеристике Советского Союза, приводятся общепризнанные понятия тоталитаризма и указывается на то, что основу тоталитарного режима составляет ограничение прав личности. Авторы делают вывод о том, что по своим формальным признакам СССР имел черты тоталитарного государства, однако нельзя сказать, что правовой статус и фактическое благополучие советского гражданина было одинаковым в течение всего периода существования СССР. Авторы считают, что переосмысление истории СССР позволит выстроить сбалансированную систему управления современным государством.
Captación del campo magnético de líneas eléctricas para uso doméstico en zonas rurales de Panamá
Authors: Morales Alan , Araúz José Abdiel , Atencio Adan , Vinda Alexander , Aizpurúa Pino Omar Olmedo
Published: August 2022

En la actualidad, en los países en vías de desarrollo, hay comunidades de bajos recursos económicos, con difíciles o inexistentes vías de comunicación terrestre y que no poseen fluido eléctrico convencional. El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar un prototipo, con un método eficiente y sostenible, para generar energía eléctrica, cuya fuente de origen sean las líneas de transmisión y distribución que atraviesan las zonas rurales. La innovación metodológica fue no convencional, sin contacto físico, con bajos riesgos y costos, aumentando la cobertura eléctrica en estas regiones, y con ello la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. El diseño integral del prototipo experimental permitió realizar las variaciones programáticas de la corriente (I), con un diseño eficiente del elevador para evaluar diferentes alturas (h) del conductor-fuente (simulando una línea eléctrica real), con la bobina receptora (dispositivo de captura del campo magnético). Los análisis de los datos registrados reflejaron que, al utilizar el regresor 1/h, se detectó la respuesta significativa en V, resultante por la ecuación V= 5.5143(1/h) + 0.26944, con R2=0.993 (p<0.01). Al detectarse residuos dispersos y faltas de ajustes al modelo lineal, se aplicó la regresión cuadrática con los predictores 1/h y 1/h2, con R2=0.999 (p<0.01), que permitieron estimar la generación de V en el prototipo. Se obtuvieron voltajes entre 1 a 10 voltios de corriente alterna (AC). Se logró el encendido de bombillos tipo leds y cargas de baja potencia eléctrica.
Digitalization processes vs. traditional ones: ethical and environmental aspects
Authors: Serkina Y , Novikova Z , Sukhorukih A
Published: August 2022

At the current level of economic development, the digital transformation of society is an important factor in advancing any social structure. The purpose of the present study was to explore the transformation of a traditional society into a digital one, with a focus on ethical and environmental aspects. The study draws on a variety of information analysis methods to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of digitalization, including the environmental aspect. Our research revealed that in Russia, the only highly digitalized sectors were information technology and finance. Digitalization is strikingly different in the European countries, where only transport and building industries slowly implemented digital technologies into their business processes. We also examined digitalization levels in 7 Moscow universities. The universities managed to improve their digitalization scores with the help of recommendations developed for online learning, such as selection of quality software, having qualified teaching staff, constant monitoring, and evaluation of knowledge. The findings can be used in economic, social, and environmental spheres since they highlight the ambiguous effects of digitalization using practical examples.
Environmental changes in the Mediterranean Sea could facilitate the western expansion of loggerhead turtles
Authors: Santidrian Tomillo P , Tomás J , Marco A , Panagopoulou A , Tavecchia G
Published: August 2022

Climate change may affect life on Earth in multiple ways. Whereas some populations may encounter detrimental conditions that cause extirpations, those occupying cooler thermal limits of a range may benefit by expanding. For sea turtles, egg maturation in the female oviduct and nest incubation are temperature-dependent and vulnerable to climate change. Mediterranean loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta nest in the eastern basin although sporadic nesting occurs on the western side. To assess the likelihood of a climate-related expansion, we compared historical air and sea surface (SST) temperatures between locations near established eastern nesting areas and western areas where sporadic nesting is increasing (Palinuro, Italy) or just started (Balearic Islands, Spain). Our results suggest that summer air and water temperatures in western sites were suitable for nesting over the last 40-50 yr, at least in July-August, having (1) SSTs above suboptimal threshold temperature (22°C) and (2) similar air temperatures to those of Greece, but among the lowest in the Mediterranean. There was a decreasing east-to-west gradient in SST. However, SSTs were similar around beaches of Zakynthos (Greece), Palinuro and Ibiza (Balearic Islands), where SST was above 22°C for at least 60 d, potentially allowing turtles to lay multiple clutches. A warming trend was detected in air temperature and SST since the 1970s-1980s. Although conditions in the western Mediterranean currently seem suitable for nesting, lower air temperatures in May-June and higher precipitation in September could shrink the nesting window. If warming continues, conditions in the western basin could progressively become more favorable for nesting.
SORBENTS BASED ON NON-CARBONIZED VEGE­TABLE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Dzyazko Yuliya , Kolomiiets Yevhen
Published: August 2022

A literature analysis was conducted with sources that describe non-carbonized plant materials (in particular, cellulose from various plants and its derivatives) as sorbents for toxic ions (Cr3+­, Cd2+­, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, etc.) and organic compounds, including oil products. The advantage of plant-based non-carbonized raw materials and sorption materials based on them is the ease of obtaining them from cheap and available plant materials (often from agricultural waste), while the absorbed oil pro­ducts can be separated from such sorbents by pressing, and the sorbents can be reused. The disadvantage is a different composition, depending on the region of growth. The use of inexpensive materials as a matrix for a composite sorbent makes it possible to widely use such material for post-cleaning and/or as the main method of cleaning aqueous solutions for consumer needs. In particular, the addition of finely dispersed inorganic compounds (in particular, graphene oxides) and organic modifiers to non-carbonized plant material for functionalization of its surface was analyzed.

Surface modification gives the sorbent hyd­rophobic properties and/or results in a composite sorbent having a higher sorption capacity (compared to unmodified sorbents) in relation to target pollutants. The study authors suggest using fatty acids, zinc oxide, polysiloxa­nes, trimethylamine and other compounds as modifiers. The impact of the porous structure of cellulose on its properties as an element of a composite sorbent is also considered. The presence of functional groups in plant materials, in particular in biopolymers, allows them to be used as cheap anion exchangers. To increase the number of ion-exchange groups, the authors of the research suggest functionalizing the surface, which leads to an increase in the number, for example, of sulphatic groups, which in turn increases the ion-exchange capacity of such an ion-exchange material or a composite based on it.

When using modified hydrophobic biosorbents to remove oil and oil products from water surfaces, it is possible to regenerate the sorbents mechanically, i.e. without reagents. This provides the possibility of multiple use of biosorbents on one side and the possible complete extraction of valuable products  sorbed hydrocarbons.
Nerve regeneration in transplanted organs and tracer imaging studies: A review
Authors: Huang Yan , He Zhigang , Manyande Anne , Feng Maohui , Xiang Hongbing
Published: August 2022

The technique of organ transplantation is well established and after transplantation the patient might be faced with the problem of nerve regeneration of the transplanted organ. Transplanted organs are innervated by the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory plexuses, but there is a lack of clarity regarding the neural influences on the heart, liver and kidneys and the mechanisms of their innervation. Although there has been considerable recent work exploring the potential mechanisms of nerve regeneration in organ transplantation, there remains much that is unknown about the heterogeneity and individual variability in the reinnervation of organ transplantation. The widespread availability of radioactive nerve tracers has also made a significant contribution to organ transplantation and has helped to investigate nerve recovery after transplantation, as well as providing a direction for future organ transplantation research. In this review we focused on neural tracer imaging techniques in humans and provide some conceptual insights into theories that can effectively support our choice of radionuclide tracers. This also facilitates the development of nuclear medicine techniques and promotes the development of modern medical technologies and computer tools. We described the knowledge of neural regeneration after heart transplantation, liver transplantation and kidney transplantation and apply them to various imaging techniques to quantify the uptake of radionuclide tracers to assess the prognosis of organ transplantation. We noted that the aim of this review is both to provide clinicians and nuclear medicine researchers with theories and insights into nerve regeneration in organ transplantation and to advance imaging techniques and radiotracers as a major step forward in clinical research. Moreover, we aimed to further promote the clinical and research applications of imaging techniques and provide clinicians and research technology developers with the theory and knowledge of the nerve.
Recent advances in aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy
Authors: Gao Fei , Yin Jianhui , Chen Yan , Guo Changyong , Hu Honggang , Su Jiacan
Published: August 2022

The past decade has become an important strategy in precision medicine for the targeted therapy of many diseases, expecially various types of cancer. As a promising targeted element, nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded functional oligonucleotides which have specific abilities to bind with various target molecules ranging from small molecules to entire organisms. They are often named ‘chemical antibody’ and have aroused extensive interest in diverse clinical studies on account of their advantages, such as considerable biostability, versatile chemical modification, low immunogenicity and quick tissue penetration. Thus, aptamer-embedded drug delivery systems offer an unprecedented opportunity in bioanalysis and biomedicine. In this short review, we endeavor to discuss the recent advances in aptamer-based targeted drug delivery platforms for cancer therapy. Some perspectives on the advantages, challenges and opportunities are also presented.
Thermochemical depolymerization of lignin: Process analysis with state-of-the-art soft ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Linyu , Cui Cunhao , Liu Haoran , Zhou Zhongyue , Qi Fei
Published: August 2022

Lignin valorization via thermochemical approaches has the potential to produce renewable fuels and value-added chemicals, which are of great significance to the sustainable development of human beings. During the thermochemical depolymerization which involves acid-catalyzed, alkali-catalyzed, oxidative, reductive, pyrolytic, and other reactions, the lignin structure will undergo a series of bond cleavage, condensation, and functional group changes, while the mechanism is still unclear. To improve the efficiency, the analysis of the evolution of intermediates during depolymerization is very important, among which soft ionization mass spectrometry plays a vital role. This review aims to summarize the research progress of process analysis of lignin depolymerization in both gas-phase, typically thermal and catalytic pyrolysis, and liquid-phase via online mass spectrometry. The challenges and our insights into the future development of the lignin valorization as well as soft ionization mass spectrometry methods are also discussed.
Intraventricular pressure gradient: A novel tool to assess the post-infarction chronic congestive heart failure
Authors: El-Husseiny Hussein M. , Mady Eman A. , Ma Danfu , Hamabe Lina , Takahashi Ken , Tanaka Ryou
Published: August 2022

Congestive heart failure (CHF), the leading cause of death, is deemed a grave sequel of myocardial infarction (MI). The employment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), as a primary indication of CHF, becomes restricted owing to the potential impairment of heart function and caused injury to the aortic valve during its measurement. Echocardiography is the standard technique to detect cardiac dysfunction. However, it exhibits a low capacity to predict the progression of CHF post chronic MI. Being extremely sensitive, noninvasive, and preload-independent, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) was lately introduced to evaluate cardiac function, specifically during cardiomyopathy. Yet, the utility of its use to assess the CHF progression after chronic MI was not investigated. Herein, in the current research, we aimed to study the efficacy of a novel echocardiographic-derived index as IVPG in the assessment of cardiac function in a chronic MI rat model with CHF. Fifty healthy male rats were involved, and MI was surgically induced in 35 of them. Six months post-surgery, all animals were examined using transthoracic conventional and color M-mode echocardiography (CMME) for IVPG. Animals were euthanized the following day after hemodynamics recording. Gross pathological and histological evaluations were performed. J-tree cluster analysis was conducted relying on ten echocardiographic parameters suggestive of CHF. Animals were merged into two main clusters: CHF+ (MI/HF + group, n = 22) and CHF– (n = 28) that was joined from Sham (n = 15), and MI/HF– (n = 13) groups. MI/HF+ group showed the most severe echocardiographic, hemodynamic, anatomic, and histologic alterations. There was no significant change in the total IVPG among various groups. However, the basal IVPG was significantly increased in MI/HF+ group compared to the other groups. The remaining IVPG measures were considerably increased in the MI/HF+ group than in the Sham one. The segmental IVPG measures were significantly correlated with the anatomical, histological, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings except for the heart rate. Moreover, they were significant predictors of CHF following a long-standing MI. Conclusively, IVPG obtained from CMME is a substantially promising noninvasive tool with a high ability to detect and predict the progression of CHF following chronic MI compared to conventional echocardiography.
Learner-generated drawing as a learning strategy. The effect of teacher-guided intervention program “Learning with Understanding” on composing drawings in math word problems in the primary grades
Authors: Tolsberg Kadri , Põldre Siim , Kikas Eve
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to examine the possibility of teaching primary school students a learner-generated drawing strategy, among other constructivist learning strategies. The teacher-guided program “Learning with Understanding” began by discussing the broader topics of the learning process, followed by teaching specific strategies, and ended with an overview of all strategies and reflective discussions. During 18 program lessons, primary school teachers taught, practiced, and raised metacognitive awareness of three learning strategies—elaboration of new information with familiar material and daily practice, organization of material into categories and elaboration, and organization of information through drawing. This study examined composing drawings for math word problems before and after the program. The sample consisted of second- and fourth-grade students from eight Estonian schools. The intervention group included 110 students from second grade and 80 students from fourth grade. The control group consisted of 121 second-grade students, and 82 fourth-grade students. Before and after the intervention, students had to solve two math word problems and compose a drawing, if needed. The results showed that before the intervention, neither the control group nor the intervention group students drew almost any drawings. However, after the intervention, both the control group and the intervention group students started to draw more drawings. Also, the intervention group students composed both more drawings and more schematic drawings. The effect of the intervention was visible at both grade levels. Comparing the correctness of answers with the drawing type showed that the fourth grade obtained significantly more correct answers when no drawings were made, while in the second grade, students had fewer correct answers when they had not compiled a drawing. Thus, we showed that even very young students could learn to compose schematic drawings; however, drawings alone may not be of help to solve the problem.
How can educational innovations become sustainable? A review of the empirical literature
Authors: Prenger R. , Tappel A. P. M. , Poortman C. L. , Schildkamp K.
Published: August 2022

In literature there is a great variety in the definitions and identified critical features of sustainability of educational innovations. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the entire range of factors influencing the sustainability and its core aspects. A systematic review was performed in which electronic databases were searched for peer reviewed articles, published between 2002 and 2017. Based on results of 44 publications, the following definition could be constructed: “Sustainability refers to the process of integrating the intervention's core aspects in organizational routines, which are adaptive to ongoing work, with maintenance or continuation of improved results.” We found four main factors influencing sustainability of educational innovations: school organizational, innovation, individual, and context characteristics. The empirical-based model developed in this review should be validated in practice to create transparency and focus in sustainability research.
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generators Based on Equilibrium Optimizer
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Shuliang
Published: August 2022

To solve the problems of environmental pollution and energy consumption, there is an urgent need to develop clean and renewable energy to maintain the sustainable development of society. Therefore, distributed generation (DG) has attracted engineers’ extensive attention. However, DG output of is usually random and intermittent. When connected to different locations, different sizing, and different distribution networks, it will have varying impact on the safe and stable operation of the power system. When choosing the optimal DG access scheme, planners must consider the impact of size, type, and location to ensure that power grid operation is safe, stable, reliable, and efficient. Therefore, this article proposes an objective function considering power losses, voltage profile, and pollution emission, which is solved by equilibrium optimizer (EO). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified based on IEEE 33 and 69-bus distribution networks. The results show that the strategy can effectively improve the pollution emission of the system, effectively reduce power loss, and improve the voltage profile.
Role of green energy technology on ecological footprint in China: Evidence from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
Authors: Zhao Huiqing , Li Yuling , Hao Feng , Ajaz Tahseen
Published: August 2022

In order to investigate the impact of green energy technology on the environmental sustainability of China, take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example, this paper first calculates the per capita ecological footprint (ef), ecological carrying capacity (ec) and ecological deficit (ed) of China and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 1990 to 2019 by using the ecological footprint (EF) model, and then uses an expanded STIRPAT model and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to explore the impact and importance of green energy technology on EF in China and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. It is found that the ec of China and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is much lower than that of the ef from 1990 to 2019. It is always in the state of ecological deficit, and the sustainable development is faced with severe challenges. Progress in green energy technology can significantly reduce the EF of China and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The importance of each factor on the EF of China and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is different. The degree of dependence on foreign trade and urbanization rate are important influencing factors of Beijing’s EF. Urbanization rate, per capita GDP, population size, energy consumption per unit GDP and built-up area are the important influencing factors of EF in Tianjin and Hebei. Therefore, to reduce the EF of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, it is necessary to accelerate the progress of green energy technology, develop compact ecological city and change people’s consumption patterns.
Clinical characteristics and variant analyses of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia related to GPD1 gene
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Xinrong , Jiao Lianying , Xiao Zhengtao , Riaz Farooq , Zhang Yufeng , Xu Pengfei , Liu Ruiqing , Tang Tiantian , Liu Meiqi , Li Dongmin
Published: August 2022

Objective: Our study aims to summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia (HTGTI) and variants in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene and the effect of HTGTI on the protein structure of GPD1.

Methods: Retrospective analysis, using the general data, symptoms, signs, and auxiliary examinations, was performed on patients with HTGTI, which were confirmed by genetic testing in our hospital and reported cases online. The clinical data were analyzed using statistical and bioinformatic approaches.

Results: A total of 31 genetically confirmed HTGTI patients were collected from our hospital and cases reported in the literature. The clinical manifestations showed the median age of onset was 6.0 (1.9, 12.0) months. All the patients had normal psychiatric status, but 22.6% of them presented growth retardation and short stature, 93.5% had hepatomegaly, and 16.1% had splenomegaly. Just a few children were reported with jaundice, cholestasis, and obesity (3.2–6.5%). The laboratory investigations showed that 96.8% of them had hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) with a median level of 3.1 (2.1, 5.5) mmol/L, but only 30.0% had returned to normal during follow-up. In addition, 93.5% of patients had elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with an average level of 92.1 ± 43.5 U/L, while 38.7% had hypercholesterolemia. Upon abdominal imaging, all patients presented fatty liver and liver steatosis, with 66.7% of patients showing hepatic fibrosis. Statistical differences in triglyceride (TG) level were observed in the ≤6 months group compared with the older groups and in the 13 months to 6 years group with >6 years group (H = 22.02, P < 0.05). The restricted cubic spline model showed that severe HTG decreased in the early stage of infants to the normal level; however, it rebounded again to a mild or moderate level after the following days. The genetic test revealed that the main variant types of the GPD1 gene were missense variants (51.6%), followed by splicing variants (35.5%) and nonsense variants (12.9%). Of patients, 87.1% had homozygous variants, with the most frequent loci being c.361-1G > C and c.895G > A.

Conclusion: The common manifestations of HTGTI were HTG, hepatomegaly, elevated liver transaminases, and hepatic steatosis in early infancy. However, the recurrence of aberrant HTG may pose long-term detrimental effects on HTGTI patients.
Case Report: Aarskog-scott syndrome caused by FGD1 gene variation: A family study
Authors: Liang Yijia , Wu Honglin , He Xiumei , He Xiyu
Published: August 2022

Aarskog-Scott syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, abnormal facial features, and digital and genital deformities. FGD1 gene variation is the known cause of this disorder. This paper described a Chinese family study of Aarskog-Scott syndrome in which the main patients were two brothers. Then, the relationship between genotype and phenotype in Aarskog-Scott syndrome was investigated preliminarily. A new FGD1 gene variant was revealed in this study, providing insights into the link between phenotype and genotype variations in Aarskog-Scott syndrome as well as a foundation for its diagnosis and treatment.
A role for the nuclear receptor NR2F6 in peritoneal B cell homeostasis
Authors: Olson William J. , Jakic Bojana , Labi Verena , Woelk Johannes , Derudder Emmanuel , Baier Gottfried , Hermann-Kleiter Natascha
Published: August 2022

B cells are key mediators of humoral immunity. Mature B cells fall into various sub-classes that can be separated by their ontogeny, expression of cell surface markers, anatomical location, and function. B1 subsets play important roles in natural immunity and constitute the majority of B cells in newborns. In the adult, B1 cells predominate in the pleural and peritoneal cavities, while the mature B2 follicular subset makes up the major fraction of B cells in lymphoid tissue, although important subsets of antibody-secreting B1 cells are also present at these sites. B1 cells are the main producers of natural IgM but can also contribute to elimination of some pathogens, while B2 cells primarily mediate response to foreign antigens. The differential molecular underpinning of the B1 and B2 subsets remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that germline-deficiency of the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F6 causes a partial loss of B1b and B2 B cells in the peritoneum while leaving peritoneal B1a cells unaltered. A competitive bone marrow chimera in Nr2f6+/+ host mice produced similar numbers of Nr2f6+/+ and Nr2f6-/- peritoneal B1b and B2 cells. The proliferation of Nr2f6-/- peritoneal B cells was not altered, while the migration marker CXCR5 was reduced on all subsets but Beta7-integrin was reduced only on peritoneal B1b and B2 cells. Similarly, B1b and B2 but not B1a cells, exhibited significantly reduced survival.
The complex formation of MASP-3 with pattern recognition molecules of the lectin complement pathway retains MASP-3 in the circulation
Authors: Kusakari Kohei , Machida Takeshi , Ishida Yumi , Omori Tomoko , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Sekimata Masayuki , Wada Ikuo , Fujita Teizo , Sekine Hideharu
Published: August 2022

The complement system plays an important role in host defense and is activated via three different activation pathways. We have previously reported that mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-3, unlike its splicing variant MASP-1, circulates in an active form and is essential for the activation of the alternative pathway (AP) via the activation of complement factor D (FD). On the other hand, like MASP-1 and MASP-2 of the lectin pathway (LP), MASP-3 forms a complex with the pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) of the LP (LP-PRMs). Both MASP-1 and MASP-2 can be activated efficiently when the LP-PRMs complexed with them bind to their ligands. On the other hand, it remains unclear how MASP-3 is activated, or whether complex formation of MASP-3 with LP-PRMs is involved in activation of MASP-3 or its efficiency in the circulation. To address these issues, we generated wild-type (WT) and four mutant recombinant mouse MASP-3 proteins fused with PA (human podoplanin dodecapeptide)-tag (rmMASP-3-PAs), the latter of which have single amino acid substitution for alanine in the CUB1 or CUB2 domain responsible for binding to LP-PRMs. The mutant rmMASP-3-PAs showed significantly reduced in-vivo complex formation with LP-PRMs when compared with WT rmMASP-3-PA. In the in-vivo kinetic analysis of MASP-3 activation, both WT and mutant rmMASP-3-PAs were cleaved into the active forms as early as 30 minutes in the circulation of mice, and no significant difference in the efficiency of MASP-3 cleavage was observed throughout an observation period of 48 hours after intravenous administration. All sera collected 3 hours after administration of each rmMASP-3-PA showed full restoration of the active FD and AP activity in MASP-3-deficient mouse sera at the same levels as WT mouse sera. Unexpectedly, all mutant rmMASP-3-PAs showed faster clearance from the circulation than the WT rmMASP-3-PA. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to show in-vivo kinetics of MASP-3 demonstrating rapid activation and clearance in the circulation. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the complex formation of MASP-3 with LP-PRMs is not required for in-vivo activation of MASP-3 or its efficiency, but may contribute to the long-term retention of MASP-3 in the circulation.
“Just one word, plastic!”: Controversies and caveats in innate lymphoid cell plasticity
Authors: Kabil Ahmed , Shin Samuel B. , Hughes Michael R. , McNagny Kelly M.
Published: August 2022

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are frontline immune effectors involved in the early stages of host defense and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, lung, and skin. Canonical ILCs are described as tissue-resident cells that populate peripheral tissues early in life and respond appropriately based on environmental exposure and their anatomical niche and tissue microenvironment. Intriguingly, there are accumulating reports of ILC “plasticity” that note the existence of non-canonical ILCs that exhibit distinct patterns of master transcription factor expression and cytokine production profiles in response to tissue inflammation. Yet this concept of ILC-plasticity is controversial due to several confounding caveats that include, among others, the independent large-scale recruitment of new ILC subsets from distal sites and the local, in situ, differentiation of uncommitted resident precursors. Nevertheless, the ability of ILCs to acquire unique characteristics and adapt to local environmental cues is an attractive paradigm because it would enable the rapid adaptation of innate responses to a wider array of pathogens even in the absence of pre-existing ‘prototypical’ ILC responder subsets. Despite the impressive recent progress in understanding ILC biology, the true contribution of ILC plasticity to tissue homeostasis and disease and how it is regulated remains obscure. Here, we detail current methodologies used to study ILC plasticity in mice and review the mechanisms that drive and regulate functional ILC plasticity in response to polarizing signals in their microenvironment and different cytokine milieus. Finally, we discuss the physiological relevance of ILC plasticity and its implications for potential therapeutics and treatments.