bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Slab with Smeared Reinforcement under Impact Load
Authors: Al-Wazni Saad
Published: July 2020

This research focuses on studing the main points that concern on the behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC) slab reinforced by smeared steel fibers subjected to impact load. The rectangular pulse force is used to represent an impact load. The material properties of the reactive powder concrete with the smeared reinforcement are simulated in the range of elastic behavior. The numerical modeling of the RPC slab structure with smeared steel fibers reinforcement is implemented by using ANSYS-LS-DYNA-software. The mode shapes and frequencies values of the RPC slab model are extracted by modal analysis. Impact load analysis of the RPC slab model with smeared steel fibers reinforcement is carried out for different cases. The effect of different amounts of smeared reinforcement and different locations of impact load are investigated. The results show that the first mode shape is governing impact load problems. Also, the effect of smeared reinforcement is so small within elastic range. In addition, it is observed there is a simple ratio between amount of smeared reinforcement and maximum displacement in force vibration.
Improve Mass Concrete by Controlling the Crack Sealing Mechanism Using Microcapsules of Zinc Oxide
Authors: Dahesh Alaa Zamel , Othman Farhad Mohammed , Abdul-Hamead Alaa Aladdin
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the structural, workability, physical and mechanical properties of (mass concrete) with the inclusion of microcapsule of Zinc oxide (ZnOMC) with a size (0.5) µm and in different percentages (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) % of cement weight. The proportions of the concrete mixture were (1:2:4.8) and the water-cement ratio (W/C) was 0.4. 0.6% of Superplasticizer (SP) by weight of cement with all concrete mixtures was added. An SEM analysis employed to obtain a better view of the concrete behavior with ZnOMC. Referring to the analysis and discussion, it was found that the types of microcapsule used to have an effective effect on the compressive and flexural strength and mechanism of sealing the crack, also the highest percentage of microcapsule which there has a positive contribution towards mass concrete properties have been recorded.
Influence of Corrugation Pattern on the Stiffness of Thin Plates
Authors: Khalaf Wekar M. , Kiter Riyah N. , Abood Mazin Y.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of the effect of corrugation pattern on the stiffness of thin plates. A two-dimensionally symmetric pattern of corrugation has been proposed and various parameters affecting the stiffness of corrugated plate were optimized. The numerical analysis was performed using a three-dimensional mechanical software design program SOLID WORKS and the finite element program ABAQUS /standard 6.14 software. The trapezoidal pattern of corrugation was selected for this purpose. Having numerically optimized, the proposed pattern was fabricated and tested for further examination of applicability. Numerical analysis was performed on a [360] mm square steel thin plate of which the number of corrugation cells and its geometric parameters ( like height and angle of inclination ) were optimized; the results have recommended a ( 9 ) cells-[32 mm] height-[700 ] angle combination to have the maximum stiffness. The spacing between cells was then examined for its effect on the stiffness of the proposed pattern. When compared with the existing commercial plates of different patterns of corrugation, the proposed design has been found superior. The manufacture of the proposed corrugated plate has shown some difficulties; A punch and die, 3D printer, and folding techniques were attempted. Close results have been found between the numerical and experimental versions of the design.
Mechanical Properties of Chemical Treated Jute Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Salih Wafaa
Published: July 2020

Using PMMA Polymer reinforced by Natural Fiber (N.F.) materials have established much consideration because of several advantages for example low cost, non-abrasive, lightweight, non-toxic and the properties of bio-degradable. many kinds of research have been done in the recent usage of the natural reinforcing material to the preparation of different types of composites. Chemically treated jute fiber can enhance the surface of the fiber, decrease the absorption technique, and improve the roughness surface.in this research, pre-chemical treated in different lengths of jute- fibers in PMMA polymer-composites has been considered. Also, the effect of chemical treatment on mechanical properties of jute, jute reinforcing composite has been conferred. The results showed that the tensile strength T.S. of the treated in benzoylate solutions (4 mm) length fiber had good indicate to better interlocking between composite contents.Flexural-Strength F.S. of the-alkaline. solution treated (12 mm) length of fiber was obtained-better-results by increasing (16.5 %) compared with (2 mm) fiber-length. The fracture of the samples has discussed the relationship between composite adhesion. Impact Strength I.S. of the alkaline-treated (8,12 mm) fiber- a length that is due to to.better mechanical - interlocking between composite materials. The 2 mm fiber – length was not suitable-PMMA/ Jute composite in these tested for treated and untreated chemicals
UTILIZAÇÃO DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS NA MICROBIOLOGIA:
Authors: Barbosa Carla Alves
Published: July 2020

O artigo registra os cursos do congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas a agroecologia, mais especificamente o minicurso Utilização de extratos vegetais na microbiologia: uma alternativa para o controle de bactérias patogênicas humanas. O minicurso enfatizou o  uso de extratos de plantas como antimicrobianos, assim como como partes de uma planta pode ser transformadas em extratos para o uso na microbiologia, visando o controle bacteriano. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia.
O CUIDAR DO TERREIRO
Authors: Machado Vanda
Published: July 2020

O artigo registra as conferências do congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas a agroecologia, mais especificamente a conferência O cuidar do terreiro. A conferência enfatiza que as folhas, as rezas e a imposição das mãos conservam práticas ancestrais da medicina negra: a expressão musical “Três folhas de Oxum, três folhas de Ogum”,  significa que algumas rezas são três galhos, outras são cinco galhos, algumas tem posição em relação ao sol ou na casa. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia.

Palavras-chave: Fitoterapia. Espiritualidade. Folhas. Rezas.  Imposição das mãos.
IMPACTOS GENÉTICOS ENTRE GERAÇÕES DAS DOENÇAS DE CHAGAS
Authors: Sotolani Brenno Lira , Oliveira Fabio Santos , Baliza Marcílio Delan , Tozetto Sibele
Published: July 2020

O artigo registra as conferências do Congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas na agroecologia, mais especificamente a conferência: Impactos genéticos entre gerações das doenças de chagas: a sustentabilidade das populações rurais. A conferência apontou que o T. cruzi pode persistir por décadas dentro de célula não fagocíticas, sem algum dano ao hospedeiro. O protozoário  passa para outras gerações de pessoas doentes da mesma família ao se multiplicar regulado pelas fosfatases, enquanto as quinases fosforilam e estimulam a divisão celular. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia.

Palavras-chave:  Probabilidade. Decisões terapêuticas. Medicina Baseada em Evidência.
Facilitador do aplicativo e-sus /AB território na unidade de saúde da família Andaiá em Santo Antônio de Jesus-Bahia/Brasil
Authors: Sotolani Brenno Lira , Andrade Rafaela Nery , Dos Santos Cerqueira Tiana Pereira
Published: July 2020

O artigo registra as apresentações do Congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas à agroecologia, mais especificamente a apresentação : Facilitador do aplicativo e-sus /AB território na unidade de saúde da família Andaiá em Santo Antônio de Jesus-Bahia/Brasil. A apresentação versou a respeito de proposta de um aplicativo e- SUS para as equipes do Programa Agente Comunitário de Saúde. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia.

Palavras-chave: Aplicativo. E-SUS. Unidade de Saúde.  Facilidades.
PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTO FUNCIONAL A BASE DE AMÊNDOAS DE CUPUAÇU
Authors: SANTOS Ferlando Lima , Silva Valdineide Souza da , Pinheiro Valdirene Lima , Santos Helyene Silva
Published: July 2020

A busca por um alimento de melhor qualidade tem sido uma preocupação de grande parte da população que na procura pela manutenção da saúde tem procurado consumir produtos que ofereçam melhores propriedades nutricionais. Nesta expectativa, a indústria tem dado ênfase a alimentos funcionais, os quais além de dispor dos ingredientes nutricionais básicos desempenham alguma função metabólica ou efeitos benéficos para a saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver o bombom de cupuaçu (cupulate) com recheio de banana e amendoim, tendo como principais atributos as fibras, mais precisamente a fibra solúvel pectina, e os ácidos graxos insaturados. O bombom foi elaborado no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) e a análise sensorial deste foi feita com 60 adultos de ambos os sexos em uma Feira de Alimentos Funcionais, realizada no campus da universidade. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que 98% das avaliações estavam na área de aceitação, indicando que o produto desenvolvido possui alta capacidade de comercialização, sendo uma alternativa mais saudável no ramo da alimentação.

Palavras-chave: bombom, cupulate, funcional, cupuaçu, fibras.
PILIHAN HUKUM ADAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI TANAH PAPUA
Authors: Abdul Hamid Kasim
Published: July 2020

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki ragam budaya yang terbentang dari sabang sampai merauke. Keanekaragaman budaya menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara di dunia yang memiliki sistem hukum lebih dari satu. Pluralisme hukum yang dianut Indonesia selain sistem hukum positif warisan kolonial Belanda, juga berlaku sistem hukum Islam serta sistem hukum adat yang oleh para pakar hukum adat menyebut sebagai hukum asli bangsa Indonesia. Sentralisme hukum (hukum positif) yang dipaksakan keberlakuannya oleh negara terhadap masyarakat Indonesia merupakan bentuk pengabaian terhadap sistem hukum yang lain terutama sistem hukum adat. Tanpa disadari bahwa mayoritas penduduk Indonesia merupakan masyarakat adat yang lahir dari berbagai suku bangsa yang ada di Indonesia, namun terbelenggu oleh positivisme-legalistik yang berbasis pada peraturan tertulis. Namun berbeda dengan kebanyakan masyarakat adat Papua yang memiliki keinginan kuat untuk menjadikan hukum adat sebagai suatu sistem hukum yang mandiri. Kemandirian sistem hukum adat dalam arti hukum harus merupakan legitimasi keinginan yang lahir dari nilai-nilai yang hidup dan tumbuh dalam masyarakat. Hal inilah yang kemudian hukum adat menjadi pilihan bagi masyarakat adat di Papua dalam menyelesaikan setiap sengketa. Karena hukum yang ideal adalah hukum yang mampu memuaskan semua pihak, bukan memenangkan satu pihak dan mengalahkan pihak lain.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN STATUS BANDARA FRANS KAISIEPO BIAK SEBAGAI BANDARA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Lobubun Muslim
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dan atau mengembalikan status keberadaan Bandar Udara Frans Kaisepo Biak menjadi Bandar udara bertaraf Internasional, sebagaimana sebelumnya, penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Biak Numfor.Kemudian data ini di kumpulkan melalui metode wawancara kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) merupakan regulasi mengatur tentang keberadaan Bandar udara Frans kaisepo Biak. Era otonomi khusus Papua, ada kemungkinan bahwa terbentur dengan gantirugi pemerintah terhadap hak-hak masyarakat adat dan belum ada kesepakatan beberapa marga yang menganggap sebagai pemilik tanah adat dimana berdirinya Bandar Udara Frans kaisepo.Termasuk kesadaran masyarakat yang kurang dalam memlihara dan menjaga Bandar Udara Frans kaisepo sebagai asset daerah dalam peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), dan juga upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat berdasarkan amanat Undang-undang Nomor 1 tahun 2001 (Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) dan Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentangPenerbangan.
PERAN BHAYANGKARA PEMBINA KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN MASYARAKAT (BHABINKANTIBMAS) KEPOLISIAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA (POLRI) DALAM PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA RINGAN: STUDI KASUS DI KEPOLISIAN SEKTOR YENDIDORI
Authors: A. Djamil Zasima
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penanganan tindak pidana ringan yang dilakukan oleh Bhabinkamtibmas Polri, sehingga dari proses tersebut dapat diketahui sejauh mana peranan Bhabinkamtibmas dalam penanganan tindak pidana ringan di Distrik Yendidori, dan untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi oleh Bhabinkamtibmas Polri dalam penanganan tindak pidana ringan di Distrik Yendidiori. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dan studi lapangan berupa wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : Tugas seorang Bhabinkamtibmas Polri adalah tugas yang sangat mulia karena kewenangannya sangat luas berdasarkan Peraturan Kapolri yang ada, khususnya dalam penanganan tindak pidana ringan maupun non pidana/masalah sosial. Dalam penanganan tindak pidana ringan. Bhabinkamtibmas Polri berperan sebagai mediator dan fasilitator dalam setiap permasalahan yang ada di wilayah tanggungjawabnya. Dengan banyaknya permasalahan/tindak pidana ringan yang diselesaikan oleh Bhabinkamtibmas maka anggaran negara untuk biaya penyiidikan pada fungsi reserse dapat menghemat milyaran rupiah uang negara. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan penyelesaian masalah (problem solving) ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi oleh Bhabinkamtibmas antara lain : adanya pengaruh dari pihak yang bermasalah atau orang ketiga pada saat proses mediasi berlangsung, masyarakat kurang mengerti hukum dan aturan yang berlaku, serta Bhabinkamtibmas sendiri masih ada yang kurang memahami tentang teknik proses penyelesaian masalah (problem solving) terutama masalah administrasi.
TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP SAMPAH RUANG ANGKASA MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Masa'i Frijan , Afrizal Vatikawa  , Annisa Novia Indra Putri
Published: July 2020

Akibat banyak sampah, peristiwa kecelakaan benda langit menabrak satelit bukan lagi hal yang biasa. Bahkan pada tanggal 12 maret 2017 lalu Stasiun Ruang Angkasa Internasional-ISS nyaris ditabrak sebuah pecahan benda langit yang diameternya hanya 0,8 sentimeter tapi memiliki kecepatan 30.000 km per jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaksan soal tanggung jawab suatu negara dalam jatuhnya sampah ruang angkasa ke negara lain menurut hukum internasional. Pendekatan penulisan ini menggunakan yuridis normative. Adapun hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa dampak pada pemanfaatan tersebut dapat mengganggu kedaulatan wilayah negara di bawahnya, sehingga International Law Commission (ILC) yang merupakan sebuah badan PBB yang bertugas mengurusi dan membahas draft tentang ketentuan tanggung jawab negara mengeluarkan instrumen hukum internasional mengenai pertanggungjawaban negara (state responsibility) dan instrumen ini hanya terkait dengan prinsip-prinsip umum yang mereka sebut sebagai Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ILC ASR). Apabila sampah ruang angkasa jatuh ke bumi dan memasuki wilayah negara lain, maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa negara pemilik sampah ruang angkasa tersebut harus bertanggung jawab terhadap negara yang kejatuhan sampah ruang angkasa tersebut walaupun bukan kesalahan dari operator atau negara pemilik satelit.
Perspectivas de estudo da inteligência e criatividade a partir do pensamento múltiplo
Authors: Merhy Janaina Maria Fernandes , Souza Filho Edson Alves de
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho debate as possibilidades de estudo da temática da inteligência e criatividade. Partindo de uma breve revisão das pesquisas desenvolvidas na área, percebe-se que há pouca concordância até mesmo sobre os conceitos envolvidos. Desta forma, com o objetivo de lançar um outro olhar sobre o assunto, é inserida a proposta da psicologia social, que procura entender os temas referidos no ambiente sócio-histórico-cultural em que aparecem e se desenvolvem. Da teoria das representações sociais de Moscovici são trazidos conceitos como de pensamento natural, polifasia cognitiva, objetivação, ancoragem e influência social a fim de compreender a formação de representações sociais e do pensar. O pensamento múltiplo se manifesta através de lógicas diferenciadas adequadas à diversidade de situações que são experienciadas, não rejeita o pensamento mágico, usado nas questões do dia-a-dia, ou o pensamento científico, necessário em ambientes acadêmicos, bem como abraça a inteligência e criatividade aplicadas ao fazer e saber plurais.
Hey Guys, Women Count! A review of Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men by Caroline Criado Perez
Authors: Hillyard Cinnamon
Published: July 2020

Criado-Perez, Caroline. 2019. Invisible Women: Data Bias in a World Designed for Men. (New York: Abrams Press). 304 pp. ISBN: 978-1784706289

The author provides a plethora of examples and data to illustrate how women have been miscounted in many areas including daily life, the work place, design of spaces and technologies, health care, and public systems. Invisible Women provides cited data that could be examined in multiple data literacy courses. This text reminds readers that gender equity still needs attention. The author’s extensive bibliography and examples also provide a basis for exploring data gaps of other invisible populations.
Seychelles
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2020

This Technical Assistance (TA) mission focused on scoping the prospects of developing a secondary market for government securities in Seychelles. The Central Bank of Seychelles (CBS) has a leading role in developing the financial markets and thus acted as the primary counterpart for this mission. However, due to the mission being primarily fact-finding it reached out to all various possible stakeholders; the Ministry of Finance Trade Investment and Economic Planning (MoFTIEP), commercial banks, a pension fund, insurance companies, the securities exchange, securities dealers, etc. In addition, the mission sees the need to coordinate with the World bank (WB) and the IMF country (SYC) team as the former is providing assistance within the legal and payment system areas and the latter provides Seychelles with policy advice under the current PCI program.
El Salvador
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2020

A technical Assistance (TA) Mission was conducted by CAPTAC-DR1 from May 14 to 18, 2018 with the objective of supporting the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (CBR) in its efforts to strengthen its national accounts statistics for decision making. The TA mission covered the following topics: compilation of an Input-Output Table (IOT) for 2014; as well as to follow up on the recommendations made in previous TA missions to disseminate Supply and Use Tables (SUT) for 2015 and thereafter, as part of the national accounts’ series with base year 2005. In addition, the mission provided training to the Department of National Accounts (DNA) team of the CBR in the methodological and conceptual aspects necessary for the analysis and application of the IOT as a statistical and analytical tool.
Rhein regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of human leukaemia cells and its effects on the miR-27/CUL5 axis
Authors: Zhang Rong , Li Yingchun , Wang Hongtao , Zhu Ke , Zhang Guojun
Published: July 2020

Introduction

This study was undertaken to examine the anticancer effects of the natural product rhein on human leukaemia cells.

Material and methods

Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Immunofluorescence staining, DAPI, AO/EB, and annexin V/PI staining were used for the detection of apoptosis. qRT-PCR analysis was used to examine protein expression. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression.

Results

The results revealed that rhein caused a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in the viability of AML-193 leukaemia cells. It was also revealed that rhein caused morphological changes such as cell rounding in rhein-treated AML-193 cells. The DAPI and AO/EB staining showed that rhein caused remarkable changes in the nuclear morphology of the AML-193 cells, characteristic of apoptosis. The percentage of apoptosis was found to be 3.12%, 14.80%, 30.31%, and 60.85% at the concentrations of 0, 3.5, 7, and 14 µM of rhein, respectively. The expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, 9, and cleaved PARP increased concentration dependently, while the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. The effects of rhein were also examined on 11 different miRs, and it was found that rhein specifically and significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the expression of miR-27. Additionally, inhibition of miR-27 resulted in the decrease of AML-193 viability and upregulation of Cullin 5 (CUL5).

Conclusions

Taken together, rhein triggers apoptosis in leukaemia cells and modulates the miR-27/CUL5 axis. As such, rhein may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of leukaemia.
Re-excision within a radius of 2 cm in patients with melanoma of the skin – sufficient for local oncological radicalness
Authors: Strashilov Strahil , Yordanov Angel , Vasileva-Slaveva Mariela , Konsoulova Assia
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Malignant melanoma is one of the most malignant tumours in the human body. Radical re-excision of the tumour bed is a principal part of its surgical treatment. We aim to test the hypothesis that the re-excision with a 2 cm margin in all directions to the scar from the previous biopsy of the primary tumour provides sufficient local control in patients with this disease.

Material and methods

This is a prospective descriptive study using STROBE methods, including all 151 patients with malignant melanoma of the skin, diagnosed and treated at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dr Georgi Stranski University Hospital, Medical University of Pleven, Bulgaria, in the period 2012–2016. Twenty-one cases were omitted from the study during the observation period due to lack of sufficient data. The re-excision was mainly within 2 cm margins in all directions to the scar from the previous biopsy of the primary tumour.

Results

Data of all 130 patients with malignant skin melanoma, diagnosed and treated at our single large centre, were prospectively registered and analysed. These were 67 male and 63 female patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 61.6 years (range: 17–91 years). Using the re-excision within 2 cm margins, we identified only 1 (0.77%) patient with a histologically confirmed residual tumour in the re-excised flap. Local recurrence was observed in 13 (10%) patients.

Conclusions

Re-excision with a 2 cm margin is sufficient to achieve local surgical radicalness in the treatment of this disease without compromising oncological survival.
Comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Caihong , Ma Cui , Fan Nana , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Guofeng
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The comparative efficacy of pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different pulmonary surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and to provide an evidence-based reference for clinical use.

Material and methods

MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Clinical Trials databases were electronically searched from inception to January 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data, and then R and RevMan 5.3 software packages were used to perform network meta-analysis.

Results

The relative risk of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants associated with six different pulmonary surfactant was analysed, including beractant (Survanta), surfactant A (Alveofact), calfactant (Infasurf), poractant (Curosurf), lucinactant (Surfaxin), and colfosceril (Exosurf). Patients with the following drugs appeared to have significantly reduced mortality of respiratory distress syndrome compare with beractant: surfactant A (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.90), calfactant (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97), poractant (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.77), lucinactant (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.90), and colfosceril (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99). The SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) values for each of the drugs were: beractant (8.9%), surfactant A (93.8%), calfactant (40.3%), poractant (65.4%), lucinactant (59.8%), and colfosceril (31.6%).

Conclusions

Compared with beractant, other pulmonary surfactants are more effective to reduce the mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Surfactant A drugs appeared to have the best efficacy in reducing mortality of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.
Management of ulcerated finger pad tophi
Authors: Bera Sudipta , Sharma Shobhit , Gupta Vivek , Kumar Pal Durgesh
Published: July 2020

Finger pad tophi are an unusual but not very rare presentation of uncontrolled gout. Unlike tophaceous lesions of other locations, finger pad tophi are often difficult to diagnose at presentation due to resemblance to a variety of nodular lesions, coexistence with other connective tissue disorders and sometimes occurrence in asymptomatic hyperuricemia. They also pose a therapeutic dilemma due to a lack of clear treatment guidelines. Several case reports of finger pad tophi have been published before, focusing mainly on diagnosis and medical management. We discuss here a case of thumb pad tophi as primary presentation of undiagnosed asymptomatic hyperuricemia and treated surgically with excision and full-thickness skin graft along with urate-lowering therapy.

This article highlights the diagnosis and treatment of finger pad tophi. We also discuss the surgical management of tophaceous lesions of hands and digits.
The interrelationship of bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and clinical peculiarities of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women
Authors: Mykhailovska Natalia Serhiivna , Stetsiuk Iryna Olehivna , Kulynych Tamila Olehivna , Gorbachova Svitlana Vasylivna , Zhulkevych Igor Valentynovych
Published: July 2020

Introduction

To investigate the interrelationship between bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and some clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.

Material and methods

The double open cross-sectional monocentric clinical study in parallel groups involved 115 women in the postmenopausal period with coronary artery disease (CAD): stable exertional angina of functional class (FC) II–III (mean age 67.07 ±0.92 years). Depending on the bone mineral density (BMD) state, all patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 24) – patients with normal BMD (T-criterion more than 1 SD); group 2 (n = 34) – patients with osteopenia (T-criterion from –1 SD to –2.5 SD); group 3 (n = 44) – patients with osteoporosis (T-criterion less than –2.5 SD). The selected control group consisted of 12 relatively healthy women of the corresponding age. All patients underwent cardiovascular and bone remodeling biomarkers’ assessment, lipid profile tests, daily monitoring of ECG by Holter, two-dimensional echocardiography and pulsed-wave Doppler. Intima-media complex (IMC) measurement, ultrasound densitometry, and the FRAX algorithm were performed.

Results

In women with coronary artery disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), there was a significant increase in the level of bone osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin and vascular remodeling biomarkers (VEGF-A, homocysteine) in parallel with the progression of BMD disorders. The existence of a correlative dependence between osteoprotegerin level and the 10-year risk of fracture of the radial bone (r = 0.46; p < 0.05) was discovered. A probable interrelationship between the OPG, osteocalcin, VEGF-A and homocysteine level and decrease of the T-criterion was observed. An interrelationship between the bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers and atherogenic dyslipidemia, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, dilatation of the left atrium, thickening of the intima-media complex, arrhythmic complications and vegetative imbalance development was proved (p < 0.05), which confirms their clinical and pathogenic role in patients with CAD and PMO.

Conclusions

The results obtained prove the existing interrelationship of bone and cardiovascular remodeling biomarkers with the state of bone mineral density and clinical peculiarities of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.
Familial Mediterranean fever: What associations to screen for?
Authors: Bouomrani Salem , Masmoudi Ines , Ben Teber Sawssan
Published: July 2020

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common and best known of hereditary recurrent fever or periodic fever syndromes. It was described in 1945 and genetically characterized in 1992. It is caused by a point mutation in the MEFV gene located on the short arm of chromosome 16. It is particularly frequent among Sephardic Jews, Armenians, Turks and Middle Eastern Arabs, where the prevalence can reach 1/2000 to 1/1000.

Recent publications described its frequent association with other diseases and/or syndromes, particularly those of autoimmune, genetic, and autoinflammatory origin.

The objective of this review is to familiarize healthcare professionals with the main associations to look for in patients followed for FMF. The early detection of these associations makes it possible to improve the management and the prognosis of patients with FMF.
Insights into particulate matter pollution in the North China Plain during wintertime: Local contribution or regional transport?
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Wang Yuan , Li Xia , Liu Suixin , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Yu Jiaoyang , Zuo Min , Shen Zhenxing , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Accurate identification and quantitative source apportionment of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) provide an important prerequisite for design and implementation of emission control strategies to reduce PM pollution. Therefore, a source-oriented version of the WRF-Chem model is developed in the study to make source apportionment of PM2.5 in the North China Plain (NCP). A persistent and heavy haze event occurred in the NCP from 05 December 2015 to 04 January 2016 is simulated using the model as a case study to quantify PM2.5 contributions of local emissions and regional transport. Results show that local and non-local emissions contribute 36.3 % and 63.7 % of the PM2.5 mass in Beijing during the haze event on average. When Beijing's air quality is excellent or good in terms of hourly PM2.5 concentrations, local emissions dominate the PM2.5 mass with contributions exceeding 50 %. However, when the air quality is severely polluted, the PM2.5 contribution of non-local emissions is around 75 %. The non-local emissions also dominate the Tianjin's air quality, with average PM2.5 contributions exceeding 70 %. The PM2.5 level in Hebei and Shandong is generally controlled by local emissions, but in Henan, local and non-local emissions play an almost equivalent role in the PM2.5 level, except when the air quality is severely polluted, with non-local PM2.5 contributions of over 60 %. Additionally, the primary aerosol species are generally dominated by local emissions with the average contribution exceeding 50%. However, the source apportionment of secondary aerosols shows more evident regional characteristics. Therefore, except cooperation with neighboring provinces to carry out strict emission mitigation measures, reducing primary aerosols constitutes the priority to alleviate PM pollution in the NCP, especially in Beijing and Tianjin.
Reaction between CH3C(O)OOH (peracetic acid) and OH in the gas-phase: A combined experimental and theoretical study of the kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Berasategui Matias , Amedro Damien , Vereecken Luc , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Peracetic acid (CH3C(O)OOH) is one of the most abundant organic peroxides in the atmosphere, yet the kinetics of its reaction with OH, believed to be the major sink, have been studied only once experimentally. In this work we combine a pulsed-laser photolysis kinetic study of the title reaction with theoretical calculations of the rate coefficient and mechanism. We demonstrate that the rate coefficient is orders of magnitude lower than previously determined, with an experimentally derived upper limit of ≤ 4 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The relatively low rate coefficient is in good agreement with the theoretical result of 3 × 10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K, increasing to ~ 6 × 10−14 in the cold upper troposphere, but with associated uncertainty of a factor-two. The reaction proceeds mainly via abstraction of the peroxidic-hydrogen via a relatively weakly bonded and short-lived pre-reaction complex, in which H-abstraction occurs only slowly due to a high barrier and low tunneling probabilities. Our results imply that the lifetime of CH3C(O)OOH with respect to OH-initiated degradation in the atmosphere is of the order of one year (and not days as previously believed) and that its major sink in the free and upper troposphere is likely to be photolysis, with dry-deposition important in the boundary layer. Similar conclusions can be made for other, saturated peroxy-acids.
Effect of neutral winds on the creation of non-specular meteor trail
echoes
Authors: Galindo Freddy , Urbina Julio , Dyrud Lars
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Non-specular meteor trail echoes are radar reflections from plasma instabilities that are caused by field-aligned irregularities. Meteor simulations are examined to show that these plasma instabilities, and thus the associated meteor trail echo, strongly depend on the meteoroid properties and the characteristics of the atmosphere in which the meteoroid is embedded. The effects of neutral winds, as a function of altitude, are analyzed to understand how their amplitude variability impacts the temporal-space signatures of non-specular meteor trail echoes present in VHF radar observations. It is found that amplitudes of the total horizontal neutral wind smaller than 0.6 m/s do not provide the right physical conditions to enable the genesis of non-specular meteor echoes. It is also found that a 0.0316 μg meteoroid traveling at 35 km/s can be seen as a meteor trail echo if the amplitudes of horizontal neutral winds are stronger than 15 m/s. In contrast, a 0.316 μg meteoroid, traveling at the same speed, requires horizontal winds stronger than 1 m/s to be visible as a meteor trail echo. The meteor simulations also indicate that time delays on the order of hundreds of milliseconds or longer, between head-echoes and non-specular echoes, which are present in VHF backscatter radar maps can be a consequence of very dense plasma trails being affected by weak horizontal neutral winds that are smaller than 1 m/s.
Reaching 1.5 and 2.0 °C global surface temperature targets using stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Authors: Tilmes Simone , MacMartin Douglas G. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , van Kampenhout Leo , Muntjewerf Laura , Xia Lili , Harrison Cheryl S. , Krumhardt Kristen M. , Mills Michael J. , Kravitz Ben , Robock Alan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. A new set of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG) model experiments has been performed with Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM6) that are based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) overshoot scenario (SSP5-34-OS) as a baseline scenario to limit global warming to 1.5 or 2.0 ∘C above 1850–1900 conditions. The overshoot scenario allows us to applying a peak-shaving scenario that reduces the needed duration and amount of SAG application compared to a high forcing scenario. In addition, a feedback algorithm identifies the needed amount of sulfur dioxide injections in the stratosphere at four pre-defined latitudes, 30∘ N, 15∘ N, 15∘ S, and 30∘ S, to reach three surface temperature targets: global mean temperature, and interhemispheric and pole-to-Equator temperature gradients. These targets further help to reduce side effects, including overcooling in the tropics, warming of high latitudes, and large shifts in precipitation patterns. These experiments are therefore relevant for investigating the impacts on society and ecosystems. Comparisons to SAG simulations based on a high emission pathway baseline scenario (SSP5-85) are also performed to investigate the dependency of impacts using different injection amounts to offset surface warming by SAG. We find that changes from present-day conditions around 2020 in some variables depend strongly on the defined temperature target (1.5 ∘C vs. 2.0 ∘C). These include surface air temperature and related impacts, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which impacts ocean net primary productivity, and changes in ice sheet surface mass balance, which impacts sea level rise. Others, including global precipitation changes and the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, depend strongly on the amount of SAG application. Furthermore, land net primary productivity as well as ocean acidification depend mostly on the global atmospheric CO2 concentration and therefore the baseline scenario. Multi-model comparisons of experiments that include strong mitigation and carbon dioxide removal with some SAG application are proposed to assess the robustness of impacts on societies and ecosystems.
Exploring the role of hydrological pathways in modulating North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection periodicities from UK rainfall to streamflow
Authors: Rust William , Cuthbert Mark , Bloomfield John , Corstanje Ron , Howden Nicholas , Holman Ian
Published: July 2020

Abstract. An understanding of multi-annual behaviour in streamflow allows for better estimation of the risks associated with hydrological extremes. This is can enable improved preparedness for streamflow-dependant services such as freshwater ecology, drinking water supply and agriculture. Recently, efforts have focused on detecting relationships between long-term hydrological behaviour and oscillatory climate systems (such as the NAO). For instance, the approximate 7-year periodicity of the NAO has been detected in groundwater level records in the North Atlantic region, providing a degree of forecasting for future water resource extremes due to their repeating, periodic nature. However, the extent to which these 7-year NAO-like signals are propagated to streamflow, and the catchment processes that modulate this propagation, are currently unknown. Here, we show statistically significant evidence that these 7-year periodicities are present in streamflow (and associated catchment rainfall), by applying multi-resolution analysis to a large dataset of streamflow and associated catchment rainfall across the UK. Our results provide new evidence for spatial patterns of NAO periodicities in UK rainfall with areas of greatest NAO signal found in south west England, South Wales, Northern Ireland and central Scotland, and that NAO-like periodicities account for a greater proportion of streamflow variability in these areas. Furthermore, we show that subsurface pathway contribution, as characterised by the Baseflow Index (BFI), and the response times of subsurface pathways, as characterised by Groundwater response Time (GRT), are influential factors for streamflow sensitivity to these NAO-like cycles. Our results provide critical process understanding for the screening and use of streamflow teleconnections for the improving the practice and policy of long-term streamflow resource management.
Technical Note: Evaluation of a low-cost evaporation protection method for portable water samplers
Authors: von Freyberg Jana , Knapp Julia L. A. , Rücker Andrea , Studer Bjørn , Kirchner James W.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Automated field sampling of streamwater or precipitation for subsequent analysis of stable water isotopes (2H and 18O) is often conducted with off-the-shelf automated samplers. However, water samples stored in the field for days and weeks in open bottles inside autosamplers undergo isotopic fractionation and vapor mixing, thus altering their isotopic signature. We therefore designed an evaporation protection method which modifies autosampler bottles using a syringe housing and silicone tube, and tested whether this method reduces evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing in water samples stored for up to 24 days in ISCO autosamplers (Teledyne ISCO., Lincoln, US). Laboratory and field tests under different temperature and humidity conditions showed that water samples in bottles with evaporation protection were far less altered by evaporative fractionation and vapor mixing than samples in conventional open bottles. Our design is a cost-efficient approach to upgrade the 1-litre sample bottles of ISCO 6712 Full-size Portable Samplers, allowing secure water sample collection in warm and dry environments. Our design can be readily adapted (e.g., by using a different syringe size) to fit the bottles used by many other field autosamplers.
Coastal impacts of Storm Gloria (January 2020) over the north-western Mediterranean
Authors: Amores Angel , Marcos Marta , Carrió Diego S. , Gómez-Pujol Lluís
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The ocean component and coastal impacts of Storm Gloria, which hit the western Mediterranean between 20 and 23 January 2020, are investigated with a numerical simulation of the storm surges and wind waves. Storm Gloria caused severe damages and beat several historical records, such as significant wave height or 24 h accumulated precipitation. The storm surge that developed along the eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, reaching values of up to 1 m, was accompanied by wind waves with a significant wave height of up to 8 m. Along the coasts of the Balearic Islands, the storm footprint was characterised by a negligible storm surge and the impacts were caused by large waves. The comparison to historical records reveals that Storm Gloria is one of the most intense among the events in the region during the last decades and that the waves' direction was particularly unusual. Our simulation permits quantification of the role of the different forcings in generating the storm surge. Also, the high spatial grid resolution down to 30 m over the Ebro Delta allows determination of the extent of the flooding caused by the storm surge. We also simulate the overtopping caused by high wind waves that affected a rocky coast of high cliffs (∼15 m) on the eastern coast of Mallorca.
The impact of hydrological model structure on the simulation of extreme runoff events
Authors: van Kempen Gijs , van der Wiel Karin , Melsen Lieke Anna
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Hydrological extremes affect societies and ecosystems around the world in many ways, stressing the need to make reliable predictions using hydrological models. However, several hydrological models can be selected to simulate extreme events. A difference in hydrological model structure results in a spread in the simulation of extreme runoff events. We investigated the impact of different model structures on the magnitude and timing of simulated extreme high- and low-flow events, by combining two state-of-the-art approaches; a modular modelling framework (FUSE) and large ensemble meteorological simulations. This combination of methods created the opportunity to isolate the impact of specific hydrological process formulations at long return periods without relying on statistical models. We showed that the impact of hydrological model structure was larger for the simulation of low-flow compared to high-flow events and varied between the four evaluated climate zones. In cold and temperate climate zones, the magnitude and timing of extreme runoff events were significantly affected by different parameter sets and hydrological process formulations, such as evaporation. The impact of hydrological model structures on extreme runoff events was smaller in the arid and tropical climate zones. This novel combination of approaches provided insights into the importance of specific hydrological processes formulations in different climate zones, which can support adequate model selection for the simulation of extreme runoff events.
Multidecadal Polynya Formation in a Conceptual (Box) Model
Authors: Boot Amber , Van Westen René M. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Maud Rise Polynyas (MRPs) form due to deep convection, which is caused by static instability of the water column. Recent studies with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) have indicated that a multidecadal varying heat accumulation in the subsurface layer occurs prior to MRP formation due to the heat transport over the Weddell gyre. In this study, a conceptual MRP box model, forced with CESM data, is used to investigate the role of this subsurface heat accumulation in MRP formation. Cases excluding and including multidecadal varying subsurface heat and salt fluxes are considered and multiple polynya events are only simulated in the cases where subsurface fluxes are included. The dominant frequency for MRP events in these results, approximately the frequency of the subsurface heat and salt accumulation, is still visible in cases where white noise is added to the freshwater flux. This indicates the importance and dominance of the subsurface heat accumulation in MRP formation.
South Africa and COVID-19: A Medical Student Perspective
Authors: Maharaj Sahil
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in an unprecedented manner. South Africans waited anxiously for the disease to enter the country. I recount my experience of the first COVID-19 case and the impact it has had on the academic year.