bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nucleus and Its Physiological Role
Authors: Li Yuhao , Ge Shanghao , Liu Jiayi , Sun Deseng , Chen Pan
Published: November 2024

The nucleus, serving as a pivotal regulatory and control hub within the cell, governs numerous aspects of cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing and so on. Therefore, any deviations in nuclear morphology, structure or organization can profoundly impact cellular activities. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the structure and function of nuclear components, with a specific focus on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina and chromatin. It is crucial to note that nuclear size should not be overlooked but rather considered as a fundamental parameter for cellular state. Its regulation is tightly linked to environmental changes, development and various diseases, including cancer. Hence, we also provide a concise overview of different mechanisms by which nuclear size is determined, the emerging role of the nucleus as a mechanical sensor, and the implications of altered nuclear morphology on the physiology of diseased cells.
High-Frequency Flow Rate Determination - A Pressure-Based Measurement Approach
Authors: Brumand-Poor Faras , Kotte Tim , Schüpfer Marwin , Figge Felix , Schmitz Katharina
Published: November 2024

Accurate flow measurement is critical for hydraulic systems because it represents a crucial parameter in the control of fluid power systems and enables calculating hydraulic power when combined with pressure data, which is valuable for applications such as predictive maintenance. Existing flow sensors in fluid power systems typically operate invasively, disturbing the flow and providing inaccurate results, especially under transient conditions. A conventional method involves calculating the flow rate using the pressure difference along a pipe via the Hagen-Poiseuille law, which is limited to steady, laminar, incompressible flow. This paper presents a novel soft sensor with an analytical model for transient pipe flow based on two pressure signals, thus eliminating the need for an actual volumetric flow sensor. The soft sensor was derived in previous research and validated with a distributed parameter simulation. This work uses a constructed test rig to validate the soft sensor with real-world experiments. The results highlight the potential of the soft sensor to accurately and computationally efficiently measure transient pipe volumetric flow based on two pressure signals.
Using Elemental Fingerprint Analysis (EFA) to Reveal the Elemental Composition Correlation between Different Ecological Habit Fish and Their Habitats
Authors: Yang Chengyao , Song Chao , Yu Wenjie , Xie Jilin , Tao Hong , Li Feipeng , Zhao Feng , Zhuang Ping
Published: November 2024

Muscle element fingerprint is a comprehensive reflection of the accumulated transformation of elements from different sources in muscles, and has habitat indicator functions such as stability and representativeness. Leiocassis longirostris (Ll), Coilia mystus (Cm) and Collichthys lucidus (Cl) are important fishery species in the Yangtze River Estuary with different ecological habits. In this study, the element fingerprint of three fish species (Ll, Cm, Cl) and two environmental media of water (W) and sediment (S) were analyzed. According to the PERMANOVA, significant differences (p
Assessing the Sustainability of Miscanthus and Willow as Global Bioenergy Crops Under Current and Future Climate Conditions- 1
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Hastings Astley , Campbell Grant , Chen Heyu , Smith Pete
Published: November 2024

Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and Willow (Salix spp.) are promising bioenergy crops due to their high biomass yields and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions. This study applies the MiscanFor/ SalixFor models to assess the sustainability of these crops under current and future climate scenarios, focusing on biomass productivity, carbon intensity (CI), and energy use efficiency (EUE). Under present conditions, both crops show high productivity in tropical and subtropical regions, with Miscanthus generally outperforming Willow. Productivity declines in less favourable climates, emphasizing the crops' sensitivity to environmental factors at the regional scale. The average productivity for Miscanthus and Willow was 19.9 t/ha and 10.4 t/ha, respectively. Future climate scenarios (A1F1 and B1) project significant shifts, with northern and central regions becoming more viable for cultivation due to warmer temperatures and extended growing seasons. However, southern and arid regions may experience reduced productivity, reflecting the uneven impacts of climate change. Miscanthus and Willow are predicted to show productivity declines of 15% and 8%, and 12% and 7% under A1F1 and B1, respectively. CI analysis reveals substantial spatial variability, with higher values in industrialized and temperate regions due to intensive agricultural practices. Future scenarios indicate increased CI in northern latitudes due to intensified land use, while certain Southern Hemisphere regions may stabilize or reduce CI through mitigation strategies. Under climate change, CI for Miscanthus is projected to increase by over 100%, while Willow shows increase of 64% and 57% for A1F1and B1, respectively. EUE patterns suggest that both crops perform optimally in tropical and subtropical climates. Miscanthus shows a slight advantage in EUE, though Willow demonstrates greater adaptability in temperate regions. Climate change is expected to reduce EUE for Miscanthus by 10% and 7%, and for Willow by 9% and 6%. This study underscores the need for region-specific strategies to optimize the sustainability of bioenergy crops under changing climate conditions.
Assessing the Impact of Hermetic Storage Technology on Storage Quantity and Post-harvest Storage losses among smallholding Maize Farmers in Nepal
Authors: Nepali Depak Kumar , Maharjan and Keshav Lall
Published: November 2024

Promoting smallholding farmers to use improved storage technology is pivotal to enhancing the sustainable agri-food system. Studies suggest that hermetic storage technology reduces post-harvest storage losses, improves grain quality, and enhances food security. However, weak causal evidence is prevalent due to confounding and endogeneity issues in such studies. Hence, this study examines the impact of hermetic storage bags through a randomized encouragement design, the instrumental variable (IV) approach, among 692 smallholding farmers in Nepal, where maize is one of the major food crops. Farmers were encouraged by offers of 100% and 50% sub-sidies on the price of up to three Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags. We found that an additional unit of the hermetic storage bag increases maize storage by 42.84 kg and reduces post-harvest storage losses by 10 kg (32.92 % reduction) for the farmers encouraged with a 100% subsidy. It increases maize storage by 39.2 kg of the farmers encouraged with a 50% subsidy, with no significant effect on post-harvest storage losses in this group compared to the control group. Thus, it is essential to encourage farmers to adopt improved storage technologies to increase storage and reduce post-harvest losses. It can contribute to enhancing local food security.
Why Olive Produces Many More Flowers Than Fruit?
Authors: Cuevas Julián
Published: November 2024

Olive (Olea europaea L.) trees produce many more flowers than fruit. In an “on” year, an adult olive tree may produce as many as 500,000 flowers, but 98% of them will drop before ripening. This waste of resources, better invested in fruit reaching maturation, needs an explanation. Different not mutually exclusive hypotheses elucidating the possible significance of heavy flowering followed by massive and premature fruit abscission are analyzed and confronted based on previously published works as well as on more recent own observations on olive reproductive biology. The results suggest that olive trees selectively abort fruit to increase the quality of the seed in the surviving fruit. A sizable portion of the flowers seems also to enhance the total fitness of the plant by pollen export. On the contrary, the hypotheses alluding to resource limitation, pollination deficits, pollinator attraction or extra flowers constituting an ovary reserve, as the ultimate functions of massive flower production must be rejected in olive. Consequences on olive orchard management are discussed.
New Insights from Sadi Carnot’s Reflections of 1824: Gibbs Field Energy from Greenhouse Gases Recycled by the Virial Theorem with Gravity, Optimising Elevation of the Tropo-sphere and Surface Temperatures
Authors: Kennedy Ivan Robert , Hodzic Migdat , Crossan Angus Neill
Published: November 2024

Two centuries after Carnot defined thermodynamics as a scientific discipline based on work by engineers like James Watt, can we learn more from Carnot’s perceptive analysis of maximum power from heat engines? Using action mechanics, the rate of work in Carnot’s heat engine cycle can be integrated as external pressure-volume work, sustained by internal quantum field work, equal to changes in Gibbs free energy that was called caloric by Carnot. His treatise of 1824 even gave equations that express the work potential as a function of temperature and the logarithm of the change in volume. To answer this question, we apply Carnot’s principle defined by Clausius as entropy, to atmospheric heat-work cycles, such as in anticyclones. We show using Lagrange’s virial theorem how Carnot’s thermodynamic states as Gibbs potential become entangled with gravitational potential states. The effective capacitance of greenhouse gases for energy in the troposphere enable recycling of heat emitted from the Earth’s hot surface, thermally setting tropospheric air masses in action. By delaying irreversible emission of long wavelength quanta to space, this recycling process extends the residence time of solar energy in the troposphere as work, maximising troposphere entropy to the tropopause. The virial theorems of Lagrange and Clausius, governed on the principle of least action, provide a more accurate lapse rate in temperature with temperature in the atmosphere, replacing the paradigm of adiabatic expansion. Reversible 4-stage Carnot cycles, based on Lagrangian least variation in action, raise surface temperature and pressure from turbulent heat release, sustaining the weight of the atmosphere. New lessons for understanding climate dynamics are emerging from this virial-action analysis.
The Effect of Dietary Patterns on Vascular Aging Using the Brachial–Ankle Index
Authors: Llamas-Ramos Inés , Llamas-Ramos Rocío , Rodríguez María Cortés , Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano , García-Ortiz Luis , Gómez-Marcos Manuel A. , Gómez Marcos Marta , Gómez-Sanchez Leticia
Published: November 2024

The role of the mediterranean diet (MD) on healthy vascular aging is not fully established. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between adherence to the MD and vascular aging estimated with ankle brachial pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in a Spanish population sample and the differences by sex. Methods: A total of 3437 subjects from the EVA, MARK and EVIDENT studies participated. The ba-PWV was assessed with the Vasera VS-1500® device. Vascular aging was classified as healthy vascular aging (HVA), normal vascular aging (NVA) and early vascular aging (EVA) and adherence to the MD was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener questionnaire. Results: Mean age was 60.15±9.55 (60.09±9.71 in women; 60.20±9.43 in men). Overall MD adherence was observed in 48.0% of subjects (40% in women; 54% in men). The mean value of ba-PWV was 14.38±2.71 (women 14.24±2.89; men 14.49±2.56). In multinomial logistic regression a positive association was found overall between HVA and NVA (OR=1.751, 95% CI:1.411-2.174, p<0.001), and between HVA and EVA (OR=1.501, 95% CI:1.295-1.740, p<0.001); in women between HVA and NVA (OR=2. 055, 95% CI:1.456-2.901, p<0.001) and between HVA and EVA (OR=1.413, 95% CI:1.124-1.776; p=0.003), in men between HVA and NVA (OR=1.551, 95% CI:1.175-2.047, p=0.002) and between HVA and EVA (OR=1.549, 95% CI:1.275-1.882; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this work indicate that greater adherence to the MD is associated with healthier vascular aging.
Joint Optimization of Delivery Routes for Perishable Goods from Multiple Distribution Centers in One-Echelon and Two-Echelon Networks Considering Time Satisfaction
Authors: Sun Manqiong , Xu Yang , Xiao Feng , Ji Hao , Su Bing , Bu Fei
Published: November 2024

As the logistics industry modernizes, living standards improve, and consumption patterns shift, the demand for fresh food continues to grow, making cold chain logistics for perishable goods a critical component in ensuring food quality and safety. However, the presence of both soft and hard time windows among demand nodes can complicate single-network distribution of perishable goods. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an optimization model for multi-distribution center perishable goods delivery, considering both one-echelon and two-echelon network joint distribution. The model aims to minimize total costs, including transportation, fixed, refrigeration, goods damage, and penalty costs, all while measuring customer satisfaction by the start time of service at each demand node. A two-stage heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the model. In the first stage, an initial solution is constructed using a greedy approach, based on the principles of the k-medoids clustering algorithm that considers both spatial and temporal distances. In the second stage, the initial routing solution is optimized using a linear programming approach from the Ortools solver combined with an Improved Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (IALNS) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is validated through a case study analysis. Results indicate that the enhanced algorithm achieves faster convergence and more effective overall cost optimization.
A Scoping Review of the Critical Success Factors for Residential Building Energy Retrofitting
Authors: Adegoke Ayodele Samuel , Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Sunindijo Riza Yosia
Published: November 2024

Retrofitting has been identified as a feasible way to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. This has generated interest in researching the critical success factors (CSFs) for residential building energy retrofitting (BER). However, the fragmented and interdisciplinary nature of this research area necessitates this scoping review. Adhering to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA-ScR guideline, we synthesised existing empirical studies on the CSFs for residential BER and examined how they were analysed. The analysis of the included studies revealed seven overarching themes of CSFs: project-related, contract-related, stakeholder-related, team-related, financial-related, regulation-related, and material/technology-related. Notably, stakeholder-related, project-related, regulation-related, and financial-related CSFs were the most frequently highlighted across the studies. The review also examined publication trends, types, and geographical focus, and found growing interest in this topic among authors in China, Germany, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and Europe. The proposed application of Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fs-QCA) encourages further research to understand how combinations of factors can drive retrofitting success across varied contexts. The findings can guide regulatory bodies, construction professionals, and project managers in developing customised solutions and enabling homeowners to implement retrofitting initiatives confidently, thereby advancing residential BER research and practice.
Novel Technology for the Preparation of Nanoparticles to Increase the Solubility and Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Molecules
Authors: Frank Nicolette , Dickinson Douglas , Liu Yutao , Yu Hongfang , Cai Jingwen , Hsu Stephen
Published: November 2024

It is estimated that 70–90% of drug candidates at the development stage are hydrophobic, with poor water solubility. Examples of hydrophobic drug candidates include quercetin, cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), retinoic acid, tocotrienols, and ivermectin. This physical property can limit the development of these molecules for new drug use, and may be associated with low bioavailability, reduced therapeutic effects, and increased dosage that could cause unwanted adverse effects. Background: In previous work, we developed a novel Facilitated Self-assembling Technology (FAST for short) with several specific practical methods. The major advantage of FAST is that the hydrophobic compound is not engineered nor encapsulated, and there is no addition of lipid, surfactant, or metal component. The nanoparticles prepared using this technology are highly hydrophilic and stable. This nanotechnology would allow many drug candidates to be developed with increased solubility and bioavailability in their own nanoparticle form. Objectives: The purpose of the current study is to use three practical methods of FAST to prepare water nanosuspensions of several known poorly soluble drug candidates. Methods: ZetaView nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy imaging. Results: The results demonstrate that this novel nanotechnology is able to generate stable and water-soluble nanoparticles of these compounds, which could be used in new drug development or reformulate and improve the solubility and bioavailability of currently used drugs.
Numerical Analysis of Inlet-Outlet Leg Barriers in Vertical Borehole Heat Exchangers: A Strategy to Mitigate the Thermal Resistance
Authors: Nishat Asfia , Abuel-Naga Hossam
Published: November 2024

Vertical ground source heat pumps are one of the most efficient ways for comfort heating/ cooling. Their effective utilization needs optimization in the borehole heat exchanger length which is a major cost contributing factor. The total length of the borehole piping depends on the heat transfer resistances provided by both the borehole and the surrounding soil. For a typical soil-to-grout thermal conductivity ratio of ≥1, the borehole typically contributes 15-30% to the total resistance, while the soil accounts for the remaining 70-85%. Soil thermal resistance is a function of geographic location and is quite difficult to reduce. Borehole thermal resistance however can be reduced by various practically possible ways. One way to reduce the borehole thermal resistance is by introducing a barrier between the inlet and the outlet legs. Depending on the geometry and the material for the barrier, they can either reduce the thermal short-circuiting between the two legs, improve the heat transfer through the inlet leg or both. This numerical study using FlexPDE, analyses the arrangements for a barrier between the two legs of the U-tube heat exchanger to mitigate the thermal resistance. Implementing these techniques in a conventional U-tube design could lead to a significant reduction in the borehole length.
Dissocial Personality – Bad or Ill? Case Studies
Authors: Sipowicz Kasper , Pietras Tadeusz , Sobstyl Michał , Mosiołek Anna , Różycka-Kosmalska Monika , Mosiołek Jadwiga , Ring Michał , Kamecki Krystian , Kosmalski Marcin
Published: November 2024

The aim of modern psychiatry is to help patients with mental disorders. Subjects with dissocial personality usually receive no such assistance, since the social threat they pose forces the society to isolate them in prison. Meanwhile, modern cognition science indicates a high share of the genetic factor in the pathogenesis of this disease, as shown by two case studies. We postulate that modern civilization should develop, first of all, the methods of prevention and treatment of subjects with dissocial personality.
An Omega-K 3D SAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Fractional-Order OAM
Authors: Liu Yu , Du Yongxing
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic vortex radar, with its characteristics of carrying orbital angular momentum and spiral phase wavefront, provides a new method for achieving super-resolution radar imaging. This paper combines the characteristics of vortex electromagnetic waves with the downward-looking electromagnetic vortex SAR imaging model to conduct in-depth research and analysis of SAR imaging technology based on vortex electromagnetic waves. We design corresponding imaging models, derive the imaging echo formula, and propose a novel three-dimensional ω K imaging algorithm based on fractional orbital angular momentum (OAM), specifically targeting multiple scattering targets. The three-dimensional Omega-K imaging algorithm compresses the distance by exploiting the relationship between azimuth terms in the slow time domain to obtain the azimuth information of the target; then, by combining the two-dimensional azimuth-range imaging information, the two-dimensional azimuth-range-elevation imaging information, and the elevation information of the target, the height information of the target is determined; finally, the three-dimensional imaging of the target is completed based on the Cartesian coordinate relationship. Through experimental simulation, this paper verifies the effectiveness of the proposed imaging algorithm and successfully achieves three-dimensional imaging of point targets.
Safety Analysis Pedestrian Crossings in Poland After the Regulations Change in 2021
Authors: Nycz Mariola , Sobolewski Marek
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: This paper presents the results of analyzes of the level of pedestrian safety after introducing changes to road traffic law for vulnerable road users. The relationship between drivers and pedestrians is important for the sustainable development of road transport, where more and more emphasis is being placed on the privileged position of pedestrians and cyclists. (2) Methods: The study covered the number of injured and fatalities in road accidents in Poland from 2001 to 2022, divided into pedestrians on and off crossings, and drivers and passengers. (3) Results: The improvement in road safety over the last two decades has been significant as the number of road accident victims in Poland has almost tripled. The safety of pedestrians, as vulnerable road users, has improved to a greater extent than that of other road users. In relation to the general road situation, safety at pedestrian crossings has deteriorated. (4) Conclusions: The analyzes show that the change in regulations did not significantly reduce the number of accidents at pedestrian crossings. It turned out that the introduced legal regulations had a certain effect in large cities. Moreover, the paper examines the impact of improving road infrastructure (construction of expressways) on the number of pedestrian victims. The results of this analysis indicate a faster decline in the number of pedestrian victims in counties where modern road solutions are being developed.
The Positive Effects of Training and Time Restricted Eating in Gut Microbiota Biodiversity in Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Czerwińska-Ledwig Olga , Nowak-Zaleska Alicja , Żychowska Małgorzata , Meyza Katarzyna , Pałka Tomasz , Dzidek Adrianna , Szlachetka Agata , Jurczyszyn Artur , Piotrowska Anna
Published: November 2024

Physical activity undertaken by different groups of individuals results in the rearrangement of microbiota composition towards a symbiotic microbiota profile. This applies to both healthy and diseased individuals. Multiple myeloma (MM), one of the more common hematological malig-nancies, predominantly affects older adults. Identifying an appropriate form of physical activity for this patient group remains a challenge. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) training program combined with a 10/14 time restricted eating regimen on the gut microbiota composition of multiple myeloma patients.
The study included healthy individuals as the control group (n=16; mean age 62.19 ± 5.4) and patients with multiple myeloma in remission (MM group; n=16; mean age 65.00 ± 5.13, mean disease duration 57 months). The training intervention was applied to the patient group and consisted of three moderate-intensity sessions per week, individually tailored to the estimated physical capacity of each participant.
Taxonomic composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing (V3-V9 regions). The microbiota composition was compared between the patient group and the control group. The gut microbiota of the patients was predominantly represented by the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The training, combined with intermittent fasting, stimulated an increase in biodiversity and taxonomic rearrangement of gut microbiota species. The observed changes confirm the safety and beneficial effects of the proposed intervention in the patient group during the plateau phase of multiple myeloma.
Sliding Wear Behavior of WP7V Tool Steel with Different Hardness Under Reciprocating Test Rig
Authors: Breganon Rogério , Filho Francisco G. Arieta , Pintaude Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

This investigation presents the mechanical and tribological behaviors of DIN 1.2344 and WP7V tool steels, quenched in a salt bath after an austenitization of 1050 °C, followed by a triple tempering for 2 hours. Mechanical properties were evaluated using Rockwell C, Vickers, and nanoindentation, besides unnotched impact tests, according to the SEP 1314 guidelines. The wear tests were conducted in a tribometer configured for a reciprocating setup, with a frequency of 5 Hz, load of 25 N, and time of 60 minutes, at room temperature and 200 °C. As counterbodies, alumina balls of 5 mm in diameter were used. The wear tracks were evaluated through scanning electron microscopy, EDS, interferometry, and Raman spectroscopy. Friction and wear behaviors were affected by the variation in temperature testing for softer steels, the higher the temperature, the better the tribological performance. The harder steels were not sensitive to the temperature testing. These effects depend on maintaining iron oxide (hematite) at the contact.
Short Supply of High Levels of Guanidine Acetic Acid, a Creatine Precursor, Alters Ovarian Artery Flow and Improves Intraovarian Blood Perfusion Area Associated with Follicular Growth in Sheep
Authors: Sousa Marta da Costa , Cavalcanti Camila Muniz , Conde Alfredo José Herrera , Alves Bruna Vitória de Freitas , Baia Larissa Fernandes , de Sena Jhennyfe Nobre , Miguel Yohana Huicho , Fernandes César Carneiro Linhares , Alves Juliana Paula Martins , Teixeira Dárcio Ítalo Alves , Rondina Davide
Published: November 2024

Little is known about the role of guanidine acetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, in the reproductive function of ruminants. Therefore, this study aimed to contribute initially to this area by supplementing the diets of ewes with a high dose of GAA evaluating its effects on reproductive response. Twenty adult sheep had their estrus synchronized using an MPA sponge, eCG and PG2α. After estrus detection ewes were mated. For 10 days until mating, ewes were grouped in baseline diet (BSD; n = 10), and a GAA diet (GAAD; n = 10), which was the BSD with daily 0.9 g/kg DM of GAA. After the eCG+PG2α dose, the GAAD group exhibited an increase in the peak diastolic and pulsatility of the ovarian artery, a reduction in the systolic/diastolic peaks ratio and a larger intraovarian blood perfusion area. A greater depletion of follicles with < 3 mm was observed in the GAAD group, and a higher number of follicles ≥ 3 mm. No differences were observed between the diets respect to pregnancy, and twin rates. Thus, a high GAA supply before mating significantly alters ovarian vasculature and improves follicular growth in ewes but does not affect the pregnancy rate.
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of an e-Health Program to Promote Positive Mental Health Among Family Caregivers
Authors: Carreira Sandra , Albacar-Riobóo Núria , Ferré-Grau Carme , Sequeira Carlos , Andrade Carmen , Araújo Odete
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The available knowledge regarding the issue of Family Caregivers is consensual in recognizing that providing care to a dependent person, especially for an extended period, involves significant strain, with consequences for the caregivers’ health. The exhaustion of dealing with various tasks and responsibilities can lead to states of anxiety, depression, panic, and loneliness which will ultimately impact the physical, mental, emotional, social, and economic aspects not only of Family Caregivers but also of the person being cared for. E-health applications are an effective intervention in helping family carers that emerged to promote positive mental health among those who took care of chronic patients by empowering them and, consequently, by achieving an enhancement in their biopsychosocial health status through online interventions for positive mental health. This increase in Positive Mental Health (MH+) will have effect impact on problem-solving skills, autonomy, personal satisfaction, interpersonal relationships, self-control, and prosocial attitude. Methods: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the “Program to Promote Positive Mental Health through ´Cuidadoras Crónicos manual” into the Portuguese context, this manual will support an telephone app. The translation and back-translation process was carried out by two native experts and, secondly, through a Focus Group with 8 participants. In addition, this study respected the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). Results: From the translation and back translation process emerged several changes that were taken into account for the Focus group (FG) session. Additionally, the following thematic emerged concerning FG 3: (i) theme 1- conceptual and semantic equivalence; (ii) theme 2 – optimization of content; (iii) theme 3 - relevance and timeliness of the manual. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the manual to promote positive mental health in family caregivers was translated and culturally adapted into European Portuguese and subsequently validated by experts in a Focus Group approach. This is the first version of the manual for the Portuguese context that uses SM+ models aimed at caregivers of people with chronic diseases
Prognostic Impact of Index Density of the Percentage of Positive Biopsy Cores in Clinical Prostate Cancer: Results in 1047 Patients Treated with Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy in a Single Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Bianchi Alberto , Gallina Sebastian , Serafin Emanuele , Costantino Sonia , Montanaro Francesca , Baielli Alberto , Artoni Francesco , Brusa Davide , Marafioti Patuzzo Giulia , Franceschini Andrea , Veccia Alessandro , Rizzetto Riccardo , Brunelli Matteo , De Marco Vincenzo , Migliorini Filippo , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Objectives
To evaluate the index density (Id) of the percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC), Id-BPC, as a prognostic factor of prostate cancer (PCa) progression after predicting unfavorable pathology in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) eventually associated with extended pelvic lymph node dissection.

Design
Data from 1047 patients undergoing RARP were collected between January 2013 and December 2021.

Methods
Id-BPC was defined as the ratio of BPC (%) to prostate volume (mL). Unfavorable pathology in the surgical specimen was defined as tumor grade group greater than 1 and/or non-organ confined disease. Disease progression was defined as biochemical recurrence and/or loco-regional recurrence and/or metastatic occurrence. Associations with the risk of unfavorable pathology and disease progression were evaluated by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model (univariate and multivariate analysis), respectively.

Results
Unfavorable pathology was detected in 930 (88.8%) cases. Disease progression occurred in 160 (15.3%) patients after a mean (95% CI) follow-up of 89.0 (86.6-91.3) months. After adjusting for all clinical variables, patients with higher Id-BCR were more likely to have unfavorable pathology in the surgical specimen (odds ratio = 1.566; 95% CI: 1.029 – 2.383; p < 0.001). As Id-BCR increased, patients were more likely to experience disease progression, even when adjusting for clinical variables (hazard ratio = 1.587; 95% CI: 1.306 – 1.929; p < 0.0001), as well as unfavorable pathology (hazard ratio = 1.365; 95% CI: 1.166 – 1.597; p < 0.0001). The impact of Id-BPC on PCa progression was stronger than that of BPC, particularly after predicting unfavorable pathology.

Conclusions
Id-BCR is an independent prognostic factor of unfavorable pathology and disease progression in PCa patients undergoing surgical treatment with curative intent. As Id-BPC increases, patients have a higher probability of experiencing unfavorable pathology in the surgical specimen and disease progression. Id-BCR is a clinical marker of PCa biology.
Hole Transfer and the Resulting DNA Damage
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Peluso Andrea
Published: November 2024

In this review, we focus on the one-electron oxidation of DNA, which is a multipart event controlled by several competing factors. We will discuss the oxidation free energies of the four nucleobases and the electron detachment from DNA influenced by specific interactions, like hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions with neighboring sites in the double strand. The formation of radical cation (hole), which can migrate through DNA (hole transport), depending on the sequence-specific effects and the allocation of the final oxidative damage, is also addressed. Particular attention is given to the one-electron oxidation of ds-ODN containing G:C pairs, including the complex mechanism of the deprotonation vs. hydration steps of G:C•+ pair, as well as to the modes of formation of the two guanyl radical tautomers after deprotonation. Among the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic organisms by cellular metabolisms, several oxidants react with DNA. The mechanism of stable product formation and their use as biomarkers of guanine oxidation in DNA damage are also addressed.
Tungsten Diselenide Nanoparticles Produced via Femtosecond Ablation for SERS and Theranostics Applications
Authors: Ushkov Andrei , Dyubo Dmitry , Belozerova Nadezhda , Kazantsev Ivan , Yakubovsky Dmitry , Syuy Alexander , Tikhonowski Gleb , Tselikov Daniil , Martynov Ilya , Ermolaev Georgy , Grudinin Dmitriy , Melentev Alexander , Popov Anton , Chernov Alexander , Bolshakov Alexey , Vyshnevyy Andrey , Arsenin Aleksey , Kabashin Andrei , Tselikov Gleb , Volkov Valentyn
Published: November 2024

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is a rich family of two-dimensional materials with outstanding electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Due to the high refractive index, record optical anisotropy, and a set of excitonic transitions in visible range at a room temperature, TMDCs gained much attention for resonant nanoantennas, subwavelength waveguides and all-dielectric metamaterials. To boost a further progress in the field of dielectric nanoresonators, a femtosecond laser ablation method is promising due to its inherently substrate-/additive-free nature and a high output level. We adapted this approach for the synthesis of WSe2 NPs of various size (from 5 to 150 nm), which conserve the crystalline structure of the bulk crystal. Obtained nanoresonators possess an enhanced optical absorption in comparison to the bulk crystal due to the effective volume field localization, and a photothermal conversion much stronger than that of conventional Si nanoscatters. A highly mobile colloidal state of produced NPs makes them flexible for further application-dependent manipulations.
Effect of Osem Reconstruction Iteration Number and Mc Collimator Modeling on Ho-166 Activity Quantification in Spect/Ct Imaging
Authors: Albergueiro Rita , Antunes Vera , Santos João
Published: November 2024

Background: Accurate reconstruction and quantification in post-therapy SPECT/CT imaging of 166Ho microspheres for hepatic malignancies is crucial for treatment evaluation. This present study aimed to explore the impact of the OSEM reconstruction parameters on SPECT/CT image features for dose distribution determination, using Hybrid Recon™ (Hermes Medical Solutions AB) and full Monte Carlo (MC) collimator modeling. Methods: Image quality and activity quantification were evaluated using Jaszczak and PTW SPECT/PET body phantoms. Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold and Symbia Pro.specta camera models were used for imaging. Datasets were reconstructed using OSEM (varying number of iterations) with and without full MC collimator modeling. Contrast recovery coefficients (QH), coefficients of variation (CV), calibration factors (CF) and activity recovery coefficients (ARC) were calculated and used to evaluate image quality and activity quantification. Results: The reconstruction method that provided the higher QH and ARCs in both studied systems/phantoms was the one applying 5 iterations and 15 subsets, incorporating full Monte Carlo collimator modeling. CF were (14.5±0.6) cps/MBq and (15.4±0.5) cps/MBq for the Siemens Symbia Intevo Bold and Symbia Pro.specta, respectively, corresponding to Jaszczak and PTW SPECT/PET body phantoms. The two analytical approaches used to fit the ARCs data confirmed the expected activity underestimation in small volumes due to partial volume effect (PVE) and the validity of the results in two different scanners and phantoms. Conclusions: For post-SIRT 166Ho SPECT/CT imaging, OSEM (5 iterations, 15 subsets) with full Monte Carlo collimator modeling provided superior quantification results. The determination of CF and ARC is vital for accurate quantification of 166Ho and should be always considered.
Self-Determined Learning in Higher Education through PBL and Digital/Media
Authors: Bache Manuel Alejandro Bejarano
Published: November 2024

In a 2020/21 course and 2021/22 course, diverse pedadogic resources were applied. Learning-teaching styles usually are considered as a personal feature inherently linked to the teacher. For the presented courses, along the pandemic, not only did we use media resources to solve the issues and limitations for the learning-teaching process in higher education, but we also used an open field of teaching styles, displaying an ecologic style to increase inclusion, NdS, gender disparity, and, overally, reducing the limitations and possible negative impact due to cognitive, social, and basic human needs disparities, as well as starting level differences. The results can be seen in Bache, 2022a; Bache & Ries, 2021a; Bache et al., 2022). Hereby we present the ecologic approach as a way to inclusion and transcend the concept of teaching style to individualization and diversity inclusion (from teaching style as a feature to teaching styles as pedagogic resources) and the complex structres that emerged from the application of pedagogic resources, mostly regarding and linked to SDT and media, through PBL, PALS and Digital/Media resources.
The effect of differentiation learning on students’ communication and collaboration skills on environmental change materials
Authors: Pradani Fauziyyah Noumi Restu , Mustofa Romy Faisal , Diella Dea
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of differentiated learning on communication and collaboration skills of tenth-grade high school students at a school in Central Java on the topic of environmental change.  The research method used was a Quasi Experiment with a posttest only-matching-only control group design. The population in this study is all high school class X students with a total of 288 students divided into 8 classes. In this study using the Non-probability Sampling technique in the form of purposive sampling. The samples in this study were class X E as the experimental class, totaling 36 students and class X G as the control class, totaling 36 students. The data collection technique was in the form of a non-test using a Collaboration Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT) questionnaire with 44 statement items and an oral communication skill observation sheet with 5 indicators as an aspect of observation. The data analysis technique used is the One Way Anova Test. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the use of differentiation learning strategies can improve students' communication and collaboration skills on environmental change materials.
Soluble DLK1 secreted by telomere-shortening-induced senescent microglia impairs myelination and alters neuronal activity
Authors: Gan Li , Liu Bangyan , Telpoukhovskaia Maria , Fan Li , Giani Alice , Torres Eileen , Zhan Lihong , Ye Pearly , Zhu Jingjie , Foxe Nessa , Zhu Daphne , Tong Xinran , Srivast Deepak , Theodoris Christina , Gong Shiaoching , Zhao Mingrui
Published: November 2024

Aging has a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In the current study, we investigated the impact of aging on the brain through telomere shortening, a physiological change correlated with aging. Animals with shortened telomeres exhibit cognitive decline and exacerbated lipofuscinosis in the brain. Our single-nuclei transcriptome analysis revealed that telomere shortening led to the emergence of a senescent microglia population reminiscent of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype signature, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells with disrupted maturation and differentiation profiles. Using iPSC-derived microglia with shortened telomeres, we identified DLK1 as a novel senescence-associated ligand secreted by senescent microglia. Depletion of microglia abolished the DLK1 elevation in the cerebral spinal fluid of telomere-shortened mice. Elevation of soluble DLK1 induced demyelination and disruption of neuronal calcium signaling. Our findings highlighted the induction of microglia senescence by telomere shortening and identified DLK1 as a new senescence-associated ligand by which senescent microglia disrupts normal myelination and neuronal calcium activity.
Hospitalized children with influenza A before, during and after COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Fen , Liang Jian-Lian , Guan Ze-Xiang , Wu Min , Yang Li-Ye
Published: November 2024

Context:
Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, the transmission dynamics and clinical presentation patterns of influenza A (Flu A) virus have undergone changes.
Objectives
This article conducted a comparative analysis in clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pediatric patients with Flu A before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The medical records of 885 children hospitalized with Flu A virus infection at a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed. Flu A was confirmed in these cases using a direct immunofluorescence antigen assay. The clinical data for this study span from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2023.
Results
In our study, we observed a total of 340 cases before the COVID-19 pandemic, 196 cases during the pandemic, and 349 cases after the pandemic. Patients after the pandemic had a higher median age on admission (5.66 years, range 3.41–7.70) and exhibited more respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and nasal stuffiness. The length of hospital stay was longer, and there was a higher percentage of patients with fever duration ≥ 5 days among Flu A patients during the pandemic. Compared to before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Flu A patients after the pandemic showed significantly reduced white blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) counts (P < 0.001), along with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in laboratory indexes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, more hospitalized children after the pandemic were diagnosed with benign acute childhood myositis (BACM).
Conclusion
Our research results indicates a significant decrease in Flu A cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, and hospitalized children with Flu A have more severe clinical symptoms after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings have implications for public health policy and clinical management of Flu A cases.
Influence of slope angle and height on the failure mode and safety factor of a homogeneous slope in 3D using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Verma Dhananjai , Chasie Megotsohe , Mishra Akshay
Published: November 2024

The bearing of slope geometry on the safety factor of a predefined homogeneous slope is analysed in 3D following the finite element-based strength reduction technique for establishing the relationships and the resultant failure modes. The type of failure and shape of the sliding mass is found guided by the slope geometry. The results indicate that FOS decreases nonlinearly with increasing height but decreases linearly with increasing slope angle. This insight can guide practicing professionals from making informed designs on geometry alteration of slopes for effective stabilization.
Sacroiliac Joint Remodeling in a Post-Traumatic Child: A Case Report
Authors: Sheng li , Fan Shaohua , Sheng Xiaoyong
Published: November 2024

Background:
Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) remodeling in pediatric patients following trauma is a rare phenomenon, with limited documentation in medical literature. This case report presents a unique instance of post-traumatic SIJ remodeling in a child, highlighting the novel imaging findings and the successful outcome achieved through multidisciplinary care. The case contributes valuable insights into the management of pediatric SIJ injuries and the distinctive anatomical responses involved in the healing process.
Case Presentation:
An 11-year-old girl was admitted ten days after a motorbike accident, presenting with severe right hemipelvis pain and an inability to move her leg. Imaging revealed a dislocation of the right SIJ, a superior and posterior displacement of the hemipelvis, and a separation of the pubic symphysis. Initial attempts at closed reduction were unsuccessful, leading to surgical intervention with the placement of a percutaneous SIJ screw and an external fixation stent. Despite incomplete initial reduction, the patient underwent multidisciplinary rehabilitation. At three months post-operation, she was walking without pain, and CT scans showed remodeling of the SIJ, with the right joint adapting to match the sacral articular surface. The SIJ screw was removed at six months, and the patient fully returned to her pre-injury state, with equal limb lengths and no functional deficits.
Conclusions:
This case underscores the importance of recognizing the unique anatomical and physiological responses of pediatric SIJ to trauma. Timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and careful consideration of growth and development are key to achieving favorable outcomes in children with post-traumatic SIJ injuries. This report highlights the potential for significant joint remodeling and the importance of tailored rehabilitation in pediatric patients.