bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Ethanol Production from Cassava Pulp by a Mixed Culture of Amylomyces Rouxii with Zygosaccharomyces Pseudorouxii and Zymomonas Mobilis
Authors: Yuwa-Amornpitak Thalisa , Yeunyaw Pa-Nga
Published: March 2019

In order to develop a procedure for production bioethanol from cassava pulp, mixed culture of Amylomyces rouxii TISTR 3667 with Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii TISTR 5966 or Zymomonas mobilis TISTR 550 and cellulase were evaluated. The parameters such as pH, cellulase, and cassava pulp concentration that influence on the amount of fermentable sugar were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Ethanol production was observed and compared to the predicted value that was calculated from the models. The models were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation. They were used to predict ethanol concentration from the use of the mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Z. mobilis TISTR 550 (G2) that was higher than the amount produced using the mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Zygosaccharomyces pseudorouxii TISTR 5966 (G1). The following optimum parameters were obtained: pH 6, 20% cassava pulp, and 1% cellulase for G2; and pH 4, 20% cassava pulp, and 0.55% cellulase for G1. The effect of cellulase on ethanol production, a comparative study was conducted in the fermenter by using mixed culture of A. rouxii TISTR 3667 and Z. mobilis TISTR 550. It was showed that more 15% ethanol was gained from 10% cassava pulp with 0.5% cellulase (25 g/l ethanol) compared to the system without cellulase (20 g/l). Mathematically model (equation 4) predicted the ethanol in this system near the actual value of 26.87 g/l. This study indicated that RSM is a powerful tool for optimization fermentation process by using mixed culture including cellulase. Besides these cellulase also reduced viscosity of the cassava medium and enhanced ethanol production. However this process should be more continue to study.
Serum Insulin Like Growth Factor-1– A Skeletal Maturity Indicator for the Assessment of Orthopedic Treatment Timing of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Nancy E. Deena , Yezdani A. Arif , Kannan M. S. , Kumar S. Kishore , Padmavathy Kesavaram
Published: March 2019

Orthodontic treatment planning decisions are dependent on the assessment of growth status. Skeletal maturity could be assessed with various radiologic and non-radiologic biologic markers.The purpose of our study was to investigate the reliability of serum Insulin like Growth Factor – 1(IGF-1) as a skeletal maturity indicator in comparison to the stages in cervical vertebral maturation (CVM). Twenty five subjects with skeletal class II malocclusion in the age range of 11-19 years were recruited for the study. The cervical vertebrae staging was assessed by lateral cephalograms. Blood was collected aseptically and serum was separated. The serum levels of IGF- 1 were quantitatively assessed using a commercial ELISA kit, IGF-1 600 ELISA (DRG Instruments GmbH, Germany). There was a significant decline in the mean IGF-1 levels with increase in age in both the sexes. Statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of IGF-1 among the different age groups. There was a significant decline in the mean IGF-1 levels with increase in CVM staging from stage 2 to stage 4. IGF-1 could be a more reliable biologic skeletal maturity indicator in comparison to cervical vertebral maturity indicator and thus could predict more accurately the growth status of the mandible to facilitate correction of skeletal class II jaw discrepancies.
XSITRAY: A Database for the Detection of Osteoporosis Condition
Authors: Nazia Fathima S. M. , Tamilselvi R. , Beham M. Parisa
Published: March 2019

In the medical era, health of a bone is accessed by the bone mineral density (BMD) test. Bone fracture risk in the humans are estimated or evaluated by the BMD test. The test statement recognizes the presence of signs of presence of the frequent occurring disease in the bone called as osteoporosis. In the earlier stage, the challenge in the BMD measurement is that traditional x-rays are used with a step wedge made from an aluminum or ivory phantom. At each step of the phantom with the known densities, bone content present is intended by a illustration assessment of the density present in the bone. Effectiveness in the value and feasibility in the X-rays compared to cutting-edge methods divulge the potential for novel medical relevance among the investigators. So it is obligatory to enclose a customary database in X-Ray images for the young bud researchers to capture up the dealings to the advance stage by accurate examination of the medical results of the images. The projected X-Ray database is termed XSITRAY, characterizes an early attempt to offer a group of X-Ray images of Spine, Femur, Clavicle, Extremity & Ankle, Extremity & Hand and Knee bones. The details such as age, gender and unique Id of the patient are interpreted in the database.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Trigeminal Neuralgia with its Anatomical Correlation
Authors: Subha M. , Arvind M.
Published: March 2019

Neuropathic Pain is caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system. Trigeminal neuralgia is one such disease which is characterized by episodes of unilateral, lancinating, shock- like pains and are also intermixed with pain free episodes. It has a primary or classic and secondary type. Primary TN is due to neurovascular compression whereas secondary TN is due to any tumor in the brain stem. Trigeminal nerve has a sensory and motor root arising from the pons and travels to the face where it ends as three branches namely ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Magnetic resonance Imaging is a gold in identifying these lesions. However, it is not always prescribed due to lack of insight in using MRI as an evaluating tool. It results in over dosage of medication as the physician prescribes the drug without identifying whether the lesion is primary or secondary. This article give an insight on the various MRI sequences imaged various studies available and also throws light on other sequence which has to be explored in this disease.
Effects of Momordica Charantia (Bitter gourd) on Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Marker in Metabolic Syndrome Using a High-Ffructose Diet Induced Rat Model
Authors: Subramani Breetha , Krishnamurthy Bhuvaneswari
Published: March 2019

To understand the biological basis of the effect of Momordica charantia and also it’s effectiveness as a mono-therapy for metabolic syndrome. Thirty‑four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing were divided into Groups I, II, III and IV having 10, 10, 8 and 6 animals respectively. Pellets with 66% fructose were fed to 28 animals [Groups I, II, III] while 6 normal control animals [Group IV] were fed with standard rat chow diet for 6 weeks. Later, for next 6 weeks, animals in Groups I, II and III were treated with M.charantia 300 mg/kg/day, and 600mg/kg/day and Standard treatment respectively. Serial measurements of body weight, BMI, fasting blood sugar, noninvasive blood pressure, serum lipid profile, LDA, SOD and serum NF-κB were assessed at the base line, at the end of 6 weeks of fructose diet and following treatment (12 weeks). Following induction, there was statistically significant increase in body weight, BMI, FBS, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, lipid derived aldehydes and serum NF-κB while there was reduction in HDL cholesterol and SOD compared to baseline values. Following treatment Group II and III shown reversal of the parameters to the level of normalization. M. charantia 600 mg/kg/day had exclusively matched the therapeutic efficacy of the standard therapy given in combination. The biological basis of the effects of M.charantia was by inhibiting the inflammatory pathway in metabolic syndrome both at the levels of ROS generation and transcription of pro-inflammatory marker NF-κB.
The Earthworm (Lumbricus Rubellus) Extract Decreased Amino Transaminase Enzyme Level and Number of Bacterial Colony in Male Wistar Rats Infected With Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Wiradewi Lestari Anak Agung , Made Sukrama I Dewa , Nurmansyah Dian
Published: March 2019

Lumbricus rubellus earthworm is known having antioxidant and antibacterial properties such as Polyphenolic, Glycoprotein G-90, and Lumbricin I. These substances also work as hepatoprotective agents in the parenchymal cell damage due to infection. This study aims to determine the antioxidant properties of earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) in reducing the levels of ALT, AST, and a number of the bacterial colony in male Wistar rats infected by Salmonella thypimurium as a model of S.typhii infection. Posttest-only control group design method was carried out in 28 samples which divided into 4 treatment groups. The blood samples were taken for the ALT and AST measurement on day 18. The bacterial colony measurement was conducted by growing the bacteria in the feces with Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The ALT levels in T2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05; 25.9 ± 5.50 U/L), followed by T1 (P<0.05; 35.6 ± 1.46 U/L). The AST levels in the T2 and T1 groups were also significantly decreased (P<0.05; 81.4 ± 13.44 U/L and 107.8 ± 9.45 U/L respectively). The bacterial colony of S.thypimurium was also significantly decreased in the T2 and T1 with the mean of 6.89 ± 2.06 x 10-1 and 8.38 ± 2.15 x 10-1 respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test found a significant difference between variable groups (P < 0.05), but the Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference only between T1 and T2 group for the bacterial colonies (P = 0.180). The Lumbricus rubellus extract have a hepatoprotective and antibacterial properties by significantly reduce the levels of amino transaminase enzyme (ALT and AST) and bacterial colonies of S.thypimurium in male Wistar rats.
Adoption wars: inequality, child welfare and (social) justice
Authors: Kirton Derek
Published: March 2019

This article analyses the conflicts over adoption in England, focusing primarily on the reform programme during the years of coalition and subsequent Conservative governments, but recognising important historical antecedents and wider contexts. Various facets of adoption policy are considered, including processes through which children become available for adoption, alternative avenues for ‘permanence’, legal contestation, ‘openness’, approval of adoptive parents and the organisation of the adoption system. These, in turn, are examined in the contexts of inequalities and (social) justice, and future prospects are considered. It is argued that while ‘adoption wars’ have their own distinct features, they demonstrate significant alignment with the wider ‘culture wars’ between conservative/orthodox and liberal/progressive values.
Zwei Techniken der Zukunftssicherung
Authors: Ring Annie
Published: March 2019

In diesem Kapitel analysiert Annie Ring zwei Beispiele des aktuellen Dokumentarfilms, in denen das Arbeitsleben von Büroangestellten und Freiberuflern in Deutschland nach der Jahrtausendwende dargestellt wird. Work Hard Play Hard von Carmen Losmann (2011) und In dir muss brennen von Katharina Pethke (2009) werfen kritische Blicke auf die Konstruktionsbedingungen der Mittelschichtsarbeit in der Epoche des westlichen Kapitalismus: einer Arbeit, die, so zeigen diese Filme, immer unter Bedingungen von Überwachung und Selbstüberwachung stattfindet. Kritisiert werden in diesen Filmen die Arbeitsumstände und teilweise auch die Freizeitumstände der heutigen Mittelschichtsarbeiter, die umgeben von den neuesten und subtilsten Überwachungstechniken und beschäftigt mit der vielseitigen Verbesserung des eigenen Selbst gezeigt werden. Durch Selbstoptimierung werden sie zu Subjekten eines futuristischen Arbeitsmodells, innerhalb dessen durch Rekrutierung der arbeitende Mensch trotz oberflächlicher Liberalität der Arbeitsverhältnisse und des Arbeitsmilieus zur Ressource für das Wachstum des multinationalen Konzerns wird. Einer der wichtigsten Beiträge dieser zwei Filme zu einer Reflexion zeitgenössischer Arbeit ist, so Ring, der Nachweis neuer spätkapitalistischer Verhaltenslehren. Wie der distanzierte Mensch in der Theorie Helmuth Plessners, der nach der Krise des Ersten Weltkrieges Verhaltenslehren übt, die ihn vor Verletzlichkeit und Kraftlosigkeit schützen, lernt das Individuum in diesen Filmen ein ritualisiertes Verhalten, das durch die ihm eigenen Masken und Spielformen Sicherheit mit sich bringen soll. Diese Verhaltenslehren stellen die Komplizität der Mittelschichtsarbeiter mit dem Unternehmen sicher, insofern ihnen Flexibilität und sogar Glück versprochen wird, sie dabei aber eigentlich in unsichere Arbeitsverhältnisse verstrickt werden.
Deutungsmacht und Wahrheit als Qualitätskriterien von Zeitdiagnosen
Authors: Hastedt Heiner
Published: March 2019

Heiner Hastedt widmet sich in seinem Beitrag der Frage nach den Qualitätskriterien von Zeitdiagnosen. Seine These ist, dass eine Zeitdiagnose, wenn sie diese Kriterien erfüllen will, zugleich wahr und deutungsmächtig sein muss. Als Herausgeber des Bandes stellt er nach und nach nicht nur die einzelnen Beiträge des Bandes vor, sondern nimmt zugleich als Autor Stellung zu einem Verhältnis, bei dem es um Wahrheit und Deutungsmacht und nicht um Deutungsmacht ohne Wahrheitsanspruch geht. Um die Deutungsmacht von Zeitdiagnosen angemessen zu verstehen, ist über Aspekte von Wahrheitspraktiken zu sprechen, die dem Band seine Gliederung geben: den Abweis der »quantitativen Blendung«, die Einbeziehung des Fiktionalen und den Durchsetzungserfolg einzelner Zeitdiagnosen bis hin zu Verschwörungstheorien. Zeitdiagnosen spielen eine große Rolle beim Verständnis von Lebenswelt, Kultur, Gesellschaft - vielleicht sogar von Naturentwicklungen. Gleichwohl sind sie prekär und stehen auf wackeligem Grund; gerade in ihrem Potential zur Handlungsorientierung sind sie aber unvermeidbar.
Zeitdiagnosen als ethisch-politische Strategien
Authors: Depner Hanno
Published: March 2019

Hanno Depner weist darauf hin, dass die Narrativität es vermag, kritische Rezipienten zu einem autonomen Urteil und einer praktischen Selbstverortung zu drängen. Zeitdiagnosen können somit gerade in ihrer Fiktionalität und wegen ihres Deutungsreichtums als Strategien verstanden werden, die einen Freiraum der Stellungnahme eröffnen und - anders als bloße Daten in ihrer Stilisierung als Fakten - eine wissenschaftskonsumistische Haltung in der Rezeption verhindern. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrages steht die Auseinandersetzung mit der Zeitdiagnose einer »Bilderflut«, expliziert als Strategie einer aufklärerisch verstandenen Bildtheorie, welche auf der Nicht-Hintergehbarkeit von Bildern beharrt. Wenn auch diese Strategie nicht notwendig aufgehen muss, so sind ihre Erfolgsaussichten - wie an der unterschiedlichen Umsetzung durch Gottfried Boehm und W.J.T. Mitchell plausibel gemacht wird - nicht allein vom Zufall abhängig, sondern von der Art ihrer Umsetzung.
Ästhetik der Metapher
Authors: Huss Till Julian
Published: March 2019

Metaphern beeinflussen unser Denken, unsere alltägliche und auch wissenschaftliche Sprache. Sie lassen Ähnlichkeiten erkennen und schaffen neues Wissen. Da unsere Kultur, unser Denken und Handeln aber zunehmend von Bildern geprägt ist, muss es dann nicht auch visuelle Metaphern geben? Und welche Bedeutung misst man ihnen bei? Till Julian Huss arbeitet erstmals die historischen und systematischen Grundlagen einer Theorie der visuellen Metapher aus. Indem das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Metapher und Begriff sowie Sprache und Bild in den Kontext einer allgemeinen Ästhetik der Metapher gestellt wird, nimmt die Metapher eine Schlüsselfunktion zwischen Sprache, Anschauung und Denken ein.
Gottes zerstreute Funken
Authors: Sünner Rüdiger
Published: March 2019

Der jüdische Dichter Paul Celan, der beide Eltern durch den Holocaust verlor und zeitlebens die Shoah in seinem lyrischen Werk umkreiste, fand Inspirationen im Studium der Kabbala, insbesondere in der Lehre von Isaac Luria, die ihm vor allem durch die Schriften von Martin Buber und Gershom Scholem zugänglich wurde. Zentral darin ist der Gedanke des »Bruches der Gefässe«, also das Zersplittern des göttlichen Urlichtes in unzählige Scherben und Funken, die der spirituelle Mensch (und auch Dichter) im Akt des "Tikkun" (Reparaturarbeit an der Welt) wieder einzusammeln habe. Wie seine Freundin Nelly Sachs sah sich auch Celan als "Scherbensammler", dem die Gewissheit eines allgütigen, allmächtigen Gottes nicht mehr gegeben war, der aber im Aufgreifen und Neugruppieren der "verstreuten Funken" auch aus dem Dunklen und Abgründigen letzte Lichtreste herausschlagen konnte. Dadurch erhielt auch Celans Satz, Lyrik sei Mystik, ihre Berechtigung.
The Hourglass
Authors: Rung Ádám
Published: March 2019

Adám Rung's chapter takes a look at how the age-old discipline of Classics reacts to certain aspects of the digital turn, and it intends to show that from the point of view of this particular field, the much discussed de-materialization of philology manifests itself in an intriguingly different, even paradoxical way. While the study of modern literatures might indeed be leaving its primary and traditional medium (that is, paper) behind, the study of texts from the pre-paper world is on the move from a slightly different starting point and also in a slightly different direction. In the first place, the traditional editorial practices of Classics have already been foreshadowing a kind of de-materialization for centuries by transcribing classical texts from their mediaeval bibliographical contexts into the much less pronounced physicality of print editions (as it is argued in the first part of his chapter); and as digital technology is providing us with more and more ways into looking at the historical physical contexts of these texts, a kind of virtual re-materialization of Classics is also taking place these days (as shown by the case study in the second section).
A usage-based approach to “language” in language contact
Authors: Wasserscheidt Philipp
Published: March 2019

The use of named languages is still prevalent in current contact linguistics research. In this paper, I argue that this cannot explain many contact situations and types of language knowledge. I propose a usage-based account of language instead which does not take linguistic systems for granted but construes them based on the single linguistic unit. A language is seen as a radially organized network of constructions, which are interlinked through co-use, which employ the same inventory of linguistic forms and which are appropriate in the same socio-pragmatic circumstances.
Frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) under hygrothermal conditions. Part 2: moisture desorption
Authors: Zhan Tianyi , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong , Zhang Yaoli , Chang Jianmin
Published: March 2019

The frequency-dependent viscoelasticity of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) during moisture desorption was investigated and the applicability of the time-moisture superposition (TMS) relation on wood stiffness and damping during the moisture desorption was verified. The hygrothermal conditions for the moisture desorption were set up as six constant temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C and three relative humidity (RH) levels at 0, 30 and 60%. Due to the elimination of water during the moisture desorption, the stiffness of the Chinese fir increased, whereas the damping decreased. With the increase in frequency, increased stiffness and decreased damping were observed. Utilizing the TMS relation, it was possible to construct master curves of wood stiffness at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C. The linear relationship between the shift factor and the moisture content (MC) manifested a low intermolecular cooperativity between the polymers and a narrow relaxation window. However, the TMS relation was not able to predict the wood damping properties during the moisture desorption, because wood is a multi-relaxation system. The non-proportional relationship between the free volume and MC during the moisture desorption may also explain why the TMS relation failed to construct master curves of the wood damping properties.
Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming Using Ce- and La- Modified Mesoporous MCM-41 Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts
Authors: Rahmanzadeh Lida , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: March 2019

Mesoporous MCM-41 containing different amounts of nickel (10, 15 and 20 wt%) and Ce and/or La promoters were prepared by hydrothermal and wet-impregnation methods. The catalysts were characterized by means of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Then, the catalysts were tested for hydrogen production via steam reforming of ethanol in a fixed bed reactor. Hydrogen selectivity and ethanol conversion over Ni/MCM-41 catalyst were 69.6 % and 94 %, respectively. The best catalytic results were obtained with Ce-Ni/MCM-41 catalyst, i. e. 94 % ethanol conversion and 76.5 % hydrogen selectivity. These results remained constant about 90 h time on stream and ethanol conversion decreased to 87 % after 120 h.
Results on Controllability of Nonlinear Hilfer Fractional Stochastic System
Authors: Priyadharsini J. , Sathiyaraj T. , Balasubramaniam P.
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this paper is to present sufficient conditions for controllability of Hilfer fractional nonlinear stochastic systems in finite dimensional space. The main results are obtained by using the Nussbaum fixed point theorem, stochastic analysis approach and generalized fractional calculus (Hilfer fractional derivative) which is universality of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivative. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical result. The obtained result is more generalized one than the existing results on fractional stochastic system in finite dimensional space.
Effects of Different Turbulence Models on Three-Dimensional Unsteady Cavitating Flows in the Centrifugal Pump and Performance Prediction
Authors: Ramadhan Al-Obaidi Ahmed
Published: March 2019

In centrifugal pumps, it is important to select appropriate turbulence model for the numerical simulation in order to obtain reliable and accurate results. In this work, ten turbulence models in 3-D transient simulation for the centrifugal pump are chosen and compared. The pump performance is validated with experimental results. The numerical results reveal that the SST turbulence model was closer to the experimental results in predicting head. In addition, the pressure variation trend for the ten models is very similar which increases and then decreases from the inlet to outlet of the pump along the streamline. The SST k-ω model predicts the performance of the pump was more accurately than other turbulent models. Furthermore, the results also found that the error is the least at design operation condition 300(l/min), which is around 1.98 % for the SST model and 2.14 % and 2.38 % for the LES and transition omega model. Within 7.61 %, the errors at higher flow rate 350(l/min) for SST. The error for SST model is smaller as compared to different turbulent models. For the Realizable k-ɛ model, the errors fluctuate were more high than other models.
Finite Time Thermodynamics: Realizability Domain of Heat to Work Converters
Authors: Zaeva M. A. , Tsirlin A. M. , Didina O. V.
Published: March 2019

From the point of view of finite time thermodynamics, the performance boundaries of thermal machines are considered, taking into account the irreversibility of the heat exchange processes of the working fluid with hot and cold sources. It is shown how the kinetics of heat exchange affects the shape of the optimal cycle of a heat engine and its performance, with a focus on the energy conversion efficiency in the maximum power mode. This energy conversion efficiency can depend only on the ratio of the heat transfer coefficients to the sources or not depend on them at all. A class of kinetic functions corresponding to “natural” requirements is introduced and it is shown that for any kinetics from this class the optimal cycle consists of two isotherms and two adiabats, not only for the maximum power problem, but also for the problem of maximum energy conversion efficiency at a given power. Examples are given for calculating the parameters of the optimal cycle for the case when the heat transfer coefficient to the cold source is arbitrarily large and for kinetics in the form of a Fourier law.
The Energy-Momentum Tensor in Relativistic Kinetic Theory: The Role of the Center of Mass Velocity in the Transport Equations for Multicomponent Mixtures
Authors: Sagaceta-Mejía A. R. , Sandoval-Villalbazo A. , Mondragón-Suárez J. H.
Published: March 2019

Relativistic kinetic theory is applied to the study of the balance equations for relativistic multicomponent mixtures, comparing the approaches corresponding to Eckart’s and Landau–Lifshitz’s frames. It is shown that the concept of particle velocity relative to the center of mass of the fluid is essential to establish the structure of the energy-momentum tensor in both cases. Different operational definitions of the center of mass velocity lead either to the inclusion of heat in the energy-momentum tensor (particle/Eckart frame) or to strictly relativistic contributions to the diffusion fluxes (energy/Landau–Lifshitz frame). The results here obtained are discussed emphasizing the physical features regarding each approach.
Microscale Thermal Energy Transfer Between Thin Films with Vacuum Gap at Interface
Authors: Ali Haider , Yilbas Bekir Sami
Published: March 2019

Transfer of phonons through a silicon–diamond thin film pair with a nano-size gap at the interface is examined. The thin film pair is thermally disturbed by introducing 301 K at the silicon film left edge while keeping the other edges of the thin films at a low temperature (300 K). The radiative phonon transport equation is solved numerically to quantify the phonon intensity distribution in the combined films. The frequency dependent formulation of phonon transport is incorporated in the transient analysis. The thermal boundary resistance is adopted at the interface in the formulations. The near-field radiative heat transfer is also adopted at the gap interface, as the vacuum gap size falls within the Casimir limit. The predictions of thermal conductivity are validated through the thermocouple data. It is observed that predictions of thermal conductivity are in agreement with the experimental data. The ballistic phonons play a major role in energy transfer through the gap; their contribution is more significant than that of the near-field radiative heat transfer. Enlarging the size of the gap reduces the influence of the ballistic phonons on the energy transfer in the films. Increasing the silicon film thickness alters the energy transfer through the gap; in this case, the equivalent equilibrium temperature difference is increased at the interface.
Law and Economic Development in South Africa: An Assessment through the General Theory of Law and Development
Authors: Pooe T. K.
Published: March 2019

The ascension of the African National Congress into formal politics through its electoral victory in 1994 resulted in South Africa adopting one of the world’s most heralded social justice and human rights-based documents, the 1996 Constitution. Yet, two-decades of ANC governance this paper argues has not led to the types of economic development needed to advance the formerly oppressed African majority, Colored and Indian populations. This lackluster economic development is even more troubling when one considers the giant economic development steps Asian developmental states have made, without a human rights and social justice approach. It is the contention of this paper that the newly presented General Theory of Law and Development allows for a new type of analysis exploring the reasons why South Africa’s economic development trajectory has been so lackluster, when so many authorities praise the South African legal framework. In making this argument using the General Theory South Africa’s local governments sphere and local economic development will be the subject of analysis.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ2-4-bromoisophthalate-κ2
O:O′)-tris(μ2-1-(3-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N′)dicobalt(II)] monohydrate, C26H23CoN9O5Br
Authors: Sun Tao
Published: March 2019

C26H23CoN9O5Br, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.3522(10) Å, b = 13.6076(16) Å, c = 14.1028(17) Å, α = 64.664(1)°, β = 76.130(1)°, γ = 79.045(1)°, V = 1405.4(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0445, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1156, T = 296(2) K.
Benefits and challenges of serious gaming – the case of “The Maladaptation Game”
Authors: Asplund Therese , Neset Tina-Simone , Käyhkö Janina , Wiréhn Lotten , Juhola Sirkku
Published: March 2019

The use of digital tools and interactive technologies for farming systems has increased rapidly in recent years and is likely to continue to play a significant role in meeting future challenges. Particularly games and gaming are promising new and innovative communication strategies to inform and engage public and stakeholders with scientific research. This study offers an analysis of how a research based game on climate change maladaptation can support, but also hinder players’ sense-making processes. Through the analysis of eight gaming workshops, this study identifies challenges and support for the players’ sense-making. While it concludes that conceptual thinking of game content sometimes clashes with players’ everyday experiences and practice, possibly resulting in loss of credibility, this study also concludes that gaming may function as an eye-opener to new ways of thinking. Overall, this paper suggests that the communication of (social) science and agricultural practices through serious gaming has great potential but at the same time poses challenges due to different knowledge systems and interpretive frameworks among researchers and practitioners.
Total reflection X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Schmeling Martina
Published: March 2019

Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry is a non-destructive and surface sensitive multi-element analytical method based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with detection limits in the lower picogram range. It utilizes the total reflection of the primary X-ray beam at or below the critical angle of incidence. At this angle, the fluorescence intensity is substantially enhanced for samples present as small granular residue or as thin homogenous layer deposited at the surface of a thick substrate. Generally, two types of application exist: micro- and trace-analysis as well as surface and thin-layer analysis. For micro- and trace-analysis, a small amount of the solid or liquid sample is deposited on an optically flat substrate, typically quartz or polycarbonate. The dried residue is analyzed at a fixed angle setting slightly below the critical angle. Quantification is carried out by means of internal standardization. For surface and thin-layer analysis, the surface of an optically flat substrate is scanned. Variations of the incident angle of the primary X-ray beam provide information about the type and sometimes also the amount of material present at or slightly below the surface of the substrate. Major fields of application are environmental samples, biological tissues, objects of cultural heritage, semiconductors and thin-layered materials and films.
Assessing the Architecture ofDrosophila mojavensisLocomotor Evolution with Bulk Segregant Analysis
Authors: Benowitz Kyle M , Coleman Joshua M , Matzkin Luciano M
Published: March 2019

Behavior is frequently predicted to be especially important for evolution in novel environments. If these predictions are accurate, there might be particular patterns of genetic architecture associated with recently diverged behaviors. Specifically, it has been predicted that behaviors linked to population divergence should be underpinned by a few genes of relatively large effect, compared to architectures of intrapopulation behavioral variation, which is considered to be highly polygenic. More mapping studies of behavioral variation between recently diverged populations are needed to continue assessing the generality of these predictions. Here, we used a bulk segregant mapping approach to dissect the genetic architecture of a locomotor trait that has evolved between two populations of the cactophilic fly Drosophila mojavensis. We created an F8 mapping population of 1,500 individuals from advanced intercross lines and sequenced the 10% of individuals with the highest and lowest levels of locomotor activity. Using three alternative statistical approaches, we found strong evidence for two relatively large-effect QTL that is localized in a region homologous to a region of densely packed behavior loci in Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that clustering of behavior genes may display relatively deep evolutionary conservation. Broadly, our data are most consistent with a polygenic architecture, though with several loci explaining a high proportion of variation in comparison to similar behavioral traits. We further note the presence of several antagonistic QTL linked to locomotion and discuss these results in light of theories regarding behavioral evolution and the effect size and direction of QTL for diverging traits in general.
Left ventricle geometry, echoreflectivity and CYP11B2 polymorphism C-344T in hypertensive males
Authors: Marina Lozinska , Vadym Zhebel , Sergiy Lozinsky
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Hypertensive heart remodeling requires the assumption of different factors, including an increase of left ventricular mass (LVM) and myocardial fibrosis. It was shown that aldosterone stimulates cardiac collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation. CYP11B2 is one of the genes responsible for the effects of aldosterone. Therefore, hypertensive remodeling could be partially related to the polymorphism of this gene. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of CYP11B2 polymorphism with structural remodeling by changes in geometry and myocardial density to define their role and interaction in hypertensive heart disease.
Methods: The study recruited 150 men aged 45-60 with and without essential hypertension (EH), who possessed no irreversible target organ damages. Fifty of them had normal BP, 58 had EH without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 42 had EH and LVH. Each participant underwent office blood pressure measurement, echocardiography with echo-reflectivity analysis, and determination of the C-344T polymorphism of the aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2.
Results: Patients with EH and LVH differed not only by LV mass but also by larger body mass, relative wall thickness, and wider echo-reflectivity spectrum. The associations of larger end diastolic diameter with C allele, and the larger thickness of the posterior wall and interventricular septum with T allele, were revealed only in patients with EH and LVH.
Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with LVH are likely to be a distinct cluster with their own genetic predisposition to hypertensive heart disease.
Resonant and antiresonant frequencies of multiple cracked bar
Authors: Lien P. T. B. , Khiem N. T.
Published: March 2019

The natural frequencies or related resonant frequencies have been widely used for crack detection in structures by the vibration-based technique. However, antiresonant frequencies, the zeros of frequency response function, are less involved to use for the problem because they have not been thoroughly studied. The present paper addresses analysis of antiresonant frequencies of multiple cracked bar in comparison with the resonant ones. First, exact characteristic equations for the resonant and antiresonant frequencies of bar with arbitrary number of cracks are conducted in a new form that is explicitly expressed in term of crack severities. Then, the conducted equations are employed for analysis of variation of resonant and antiresonant frequencies versus crack position and depth. Numerical results show that antiresonant frequencies are indeed useful indicators for crack detection in bar mutually with the resonant ones.
Moral sensitivity components identified among nurses from Intensive Care Units
Authors: Schallenberger Cláudia Denise , Tomaschewski-Barlem Jamila Geri , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Pereira Liliane Alves
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify ethical problems from the components of moral sensitivity among nurses of Intensive Care Units. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study developed in a hospital in the South of Brazil with 19 nurses working in intensive care units through semi-structured interviews that were analyzed through discursive textual analysis. Results: ethical education, dialogue, relationships with other health team members, professional autonomy, knowledge, personal values, effective communication, leadership and patients' positive outcomes were identified as important components of nurses' moral sensitivity, and comprise the domains of moral consciousness, benevolent motivation, and spontaneous moral perception. Final considerations: the components of moral sensitivity identified in this study facilitate nurses' instrumentalization in the face of decision making and ethical problems in the intensive care setting.
Moral Distress Assessment in the Nursing Team of a Hematology-Oncology Sector
Authors: Fruet Isolina Maria Alberto , Dalmolin Graziele de Lima , Bresolin Julia Zancan , Andolhe Rafaela , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the frequency and intensity of Moral Distress, and to analyze the associations between Moral Distress and sociodemographic and labor characteristics of the nursing team of a Hematology-Oncology. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 46 nursing professionals from a Hematology-Oncology sector of a hospital institution in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, through the application of the Moral Distress Scale - Brazilian version. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and nonparametric association tests were used. Results: Mortal Distress intensity of 3.27 (SD= 1.79) and frequency of 1.72 (SD= 1.02) were found in this team. The Moral Distress of greater intensity and frequency were related to the denial of the role of Nursing as a patient's advocate and the disrespect to the patient's autonomy, respectively. Conclusion: It is suggested a greater space for discussion among professionals, multiprofessional team and managers, so that adequate conditions of action and communication are provided.
Care management for the hospitalized child with chronic cancer pain: intervening conditions
Authors: Silva Thiago Privado da , Silva Laura Johanson da , Rodrigues Benedita Maria Rêgo Deusdará , Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Chistoffel Marialda Moreira , Leite Joséte Luzia
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the intervening conditions of care management for the hospitalized child with chronic cancer pain. Method: Qualitative research, anchored in the methodological and theoretical frameworks, respectively, Grounded Theory and Complex Thinking. The semi-structured interview and non-participant observation were used to collect the data. Twenty-one health professionals, organized in three sample groups: nurses; nursing technicians; and professionals of the multiprofessional health staff. Results: They emerged as intervening conditions of care management: human resources and materials, teamwork, absenteeism, professional relocation, professional qualification, family, playful, dialogue, empathy and caring relationship. Conclusion: It was understood as limiting conditions for care management: deficits of human resources and materials, absenteeism, ineffective teamwork, professional relocation, and insufficient professional qualification. On the other hand, they were presented as facilitating conditions: adequate professional knowledge, effective teamwork, dialogue, empathy, playful and affective relationship with the child.
Analysis of the reaction and behavior of nurses after training on young child feeding
Authors: Ferreira Ádria Marcela Vieira , Sabino Leidiane Minervina Moraes de , Nascimento Ludmila Alves do , Penha Jardeliny Corrêa da , Barbosa Lorena Pinheiro , Lima Francisca Elisângela Teixeira , Dodt Regina Cláudia Melo , Martins Mariana Cavalcante
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the reaction and behavior of nurses after training on the use of educational tool to promote heathy nutrition to children. Method: pilot assessment study, of descriptive and quantitative approach, carried out in 2014 with eight nurses from the rural area of Ceará, Brazil, by observing a training workshop on the use of the serial album "Alimentos regionais: promovendo a segurança alimentar na promoção da alimentação infantil saudável" [Regional food: promoting food safety through child healthy feeding]. Results: the analysis of the reaction of nurses to the workshop showed that all of them (100%) were satisfied with the training. In behavior analysis, more than a half of the nurses have achieved the expected performance when implementing the illustrations of the serial album, seven of them (87.5%) being considered able to use the serial album. Conclusion: the training was considered effective, as all the participant nurses were satisfied and most of them considered capable of using the educational tool in promoting child healthy feeding.
Productivity of subjectivity and autonomy of nursing professionals in Pediatrics
Authors: Ribeiro Juliane Portella , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Mota Marina Soares , Silva Camila Daiane , Fuculo Junior Paulo Roberto Boeira
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the aspects involved in the production of subjectivity and autonomy of nursing professionals working in Pediatric Units. Method: An exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, performed with users, professionals and nursing managers, totaling 44 participants. Data collection took place in the pediatric hospitalization units of two University Hospitals through semi-structured interviews, organized and treated by Nvivo 10 software and then submitted to content analysis. Results: The production of subjectivity and autonomy in nursing workers involves both the conditions of the work environment as the relation of the nursing team, the relation of hierarchy and the profile of the professional that works in the Pediatric Unit. Final considerations: The valorization path of the nursing profession emerges, whose knowledge and competence in the area of work contribute to the construction of autonomous subjectivities.
Care model for Primary Care workers: Convergent Care Research
Authors: Lucchese Roselma , Ramos Camila Borges , Carneiro Lauany Martins dos Santos , Brito Rodolfo Pereira de , Vera Ivânia , Paula Núbia Inocêncio de , Silva Graciele Cristina , Pinto Henrique Senna Diniz , Tomé Eryelg Moura , Bueno Alexandre de Assis
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the application of the Operative Group as a care tool for the workers of Primary Health Care, with a view to the constitution of mental health care at work. Method: Convergent Care Research as a research process and health workers as subjects. The intervention strategy as a proposal to accommodate the mental suffering of the worker was the Operative Group. Results: Two categories emerged: "Evidence of Suffering at Work" and "Group Learning: Group Reception by the Group". Final considerations: The use of the Operative Group has been assertive in providing the subjects with a space for listening to adversities in the work environment and active learning of reality, reflection and confrontation of basic fears, development of a pro-change project through peer and active learning of reality.
Collective Health Nursing: desires and practices
Authors: Fortuna Cinira Magali , Matumoto Silvia , Mishima Silvana Martins , Rodríguez Anna Maria Meyer Maciel
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To discuss and reflect on collective health nursing practices, presenting the work-related experience of nurses. Method: This was a reflection paper based on the labor process theory. Results: Studies conducted in research groups, discussions at scientific events, and professional experiences point to the importance of recognizing the intentionality of health work. Furthermore, it is essential t understand the health-illness-care process adopted and advocated by health professionals, and the role of social determinants and the entire historical, political, economic and social context of professional training, healthcare service organization and society. Conclusion: Collective health nursing practices play an important role in the health care provided to the population. Nurses are reference professionals in health care in all stages of life; however, further reflection is required on professional training, politicization, and the concepts of health and illness that guide professional practices.
Community assembly as a promotion of participatory management in healthcare
Authors: Réus Daiane Mendes de Assis , Ferraz Fabiane , Soratto Jacks , Pilatti Patrícia , Souza Diego Floriano de , Nascimento Elieser Peper
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the participatory management experience of a Family Health Strategy by means of community assemblies. Methods: Community assemblies were performed with the population of a Family Health Strategy center in the city of Criciúma/SC. The meetings occurred between 2016 and 2017, including health care professionals, managers, members of the organized civil society and the healthcare system clients. Results: The activity enable us to rethink the teamwork process regarding the system of health appointment scheduling and the replication of this process for all the family health teams of the municipality. Final remarks: Participatory management provided opportunities for new collective spaces that facilitate the democratization of healthcare in order to mobilize the role of the health system client in the development of more welcoming, resolute and integral health practices.
Nursing Care for the transgender population: genders from the perspective of professional practice
Authors: Rosa Danilo Fagundes , Carvalho Marcos Vinícius de Freitas , Pereira Nayla Rodrigues , Rocha Natalia Tenore , Neves Vanessa Ribeiro , Rosa Anderson da Silva
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and analyze the national and international scientific production on Nursing care for the transgender or gender-variance population. Method: Integrative review of the literature, conducted throughout the Virtual Health Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Public Medline and Web of Science databases, without pre-established periods of time and using the descriptors "Transgender AND ‘Nursing Assistance'" and "Transgender AND ‘Nursing care'". Results: We included 11 articles, published between 2005 and 2016, broadly North American with only one Brazilian, so categorized: I- Fragility in the care of transgender people; II - Health of the transgender population: general and specific demands; III- Public health policies for transgender people. Transgender people have not found yet answers to their health demands; they are victims of prejudices and violence in services and seek care in extreme cases of sickness. Final considerations: Understanding their needs is primordial to build knowledge and practices that support nursing care.