bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State Laws on Substance Use Treatment for Incarcerated Pregnant and Postpartum People
Authors: Steely Smith Mollee K , Zielinski Melissa J , Sufrin Carolyn , Kramer Camille T , Benning Sara J , Laine Rosemary , Shlafer Rebecca J
Published: September 2023

Background:

Incarcerated perinatal populations report high rates of substance use in the United States (US). Despite this, substance use disorder (SUD) treatment is not routinely available in carceral settings and state policies related to the provision of substance use screening and treatment are unknown.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic search in WestLaw through the end of the 2020 legislative session combining the terms “pregnant” and “postpartum” with terms for incarceration and related terms. The search returned 453 statutes from 43 states. A deductive codebook of various maternal health topics was developed. Legislative texts related to SUD screening and treatment were extracted for textual analysis.

Results:

Of the 43 states identified as having at least 1 state statute pertaining to pregnant or postpartum incarcerated people, 7 states had statutes relevant to SUD screening and treatment. Statutes related to substance use screening, education, treatment and diversion programs, program eligibility, aftercare and release planning, and funding appropriations.

Conclusions:

The majority of states across the U.S. lack legislation that address SUD screening and treatment among incarcerated perinatal populations. Given the known limited access to SUD treatment for perinatal populations in custody, increasing legislative statutes could increase access to essential care.
Association of MRI leptomeningeal enhancement with disability worsening in progressive multiple sclerosis: A clinical and post-mortem study
Authors: Vercellino Marco , Costantini Gianfranco , Cogoni Maurizio , Lequio Laura , Sciortino Paola , De Negri Federica , Marasciulo Stella , Valentini Consuelo , Bosa Chiara , Garelli Paola , Rolando Anna , Calvo Andrea , Morana Giovanni , Cavalla Paola
Published: September 2023

Background:

Leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) has been described as a biomarker of meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:

The aim of this study was to (1) assess if LME is predictive of disability worsening in progressive MS (pMS) patients and (2) investigate the pathological substrates of LME in an independent post-mortem MS series.

Methods:

In total, 115 pMS patients were imaged yearly with 1.5T MRI, using post-contrast CUBE 3D FLAIR for LME detection. Endpoint: to identify the baseline variables predictive of confirmed disability worsening (CDW) at 24 months follow-up. Post-mortem, inflammation, and structural changes of the leptomeninges were assessed in 12 MS/8 control brains.

Results:

LME (27% of patients at baseline) was associated with higher EDSS and lower brain volume (nBV). LME was unchanged in most patients over follow-up. LME at baseline MRI was independently associated with higher risk of 24 months CDW (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.36–6.84, p = 0.007) in a Cox regression, including age, nBV, T2 lesion volume, high-efficacy treatments, and MRI disease activity. Post-mortem, focal structural changes (fibrosis) of the leptomeninges were observed in MS, usually associated with inflammation (Kendall’s Tau 0.315, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

LME is frequently detected in pMS patients using 1.5T MRI and is independently predictive of disability progression. LME could result from both focal leptomeningeal post-inflammatory fibrosis and inflammation.
Vygotsky: A Marxist analysis of the crisis in psychology
Authors: Travasaros Tasos
Published: September 2023

Vygotsky’s analysis of the crisis in psychology is an important methodological milestone in the development of his cultural historical theory. Therefore, discussing his work would entail including an examination of this analysis from a methodological point of view. This study emphasises the significance of the Marxist method in Vygotsky’s analysis of the crisis in psychology – in the emergence of the social character of psychological knowledge, in the critical approach to the different currents of the time, and in the search for new ways to creatively develop the science of psychology.
Understanding the what, how, and why in advocacy: Assessing the applicability of participatory process evaluation methodology in an advocacy context
Authors: van Oort Bente , van ‘t Riet Hilda , Parejo Pagador Adriana , Lescrauwaet Noboa Rosana , Aantjes Carolien
Published: September 2023

While evaluations are critical for non-governmental organizations to strengthen their advocacy strategies, evaluators and advocates encounter many difficulties evaluating such efforts. This article discusses the contribution of the participatory process evaluation methodology to advocacy evaluation, using a Dutch global health advocacy program as a case study. As participatory process evaluation is a novel methodology in the field of advocacy, the article’s primary focus concerns the application and utility of the methodology. Findings suggest that participatory process evaluation in an advocacy context can provide insights into the implementation of advocacy tools and activities, encouraging reflection and leading to ideas and practical tools to strengthen advocacy efforts. While participatory process evaluation can help overcome some of the often-experienced barriers in advocacy evaluation, further research is needed to consolidate advocacy evaluation theory and practice.
“A very different place from when the pandemic started”: Lessons learned for improving systems of care for families of children with medical complexity
Authors: Fong Vanessa C , Baumbusch Jennifer , Basu Khan Koushambhi
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created unprecedented challenges for everyone, but especially families of children with medical complexity (MC) who rely on a comprehensive range of health and social services in their daily lives. Yet despite this, there are limited studies exploring caregiver perspectives regarding access to health and social services during the pandemic. To address this gap, we aimed to explore how health and social services can better meet the needs of children with MC and their families. Sixteen parents residing with their children with MC (from birth to 18 years) in British Columbia, Canada participated in semi-structured interviews between July 2021 and April 2022. Findings revealed two different areas to improve services for families of children with MC, those relating to technology and family-centered care. Parents prioritized expanding the use of digital communication tools to support service navigation and scheduling. Virtual platforms were viewed as being valuable for building connections with other families and their community. In terms of family-centered care, parents emphasized the importance of policies recognizing the physical, emotional, and financial needs of the family. Findings have important implications for improving services to enhance the well-being and quality of life of children with MC and their families.
Effects of seawater on durability of hybrid C/BFRP-confined seawater–sea sand concrete columns under axial compression
Authors: Pan Yunfeng , Chang Bing , Lu Zhongyu , Su Lizhu , Zhu Jian
Published: September 2023

A carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet is wrapped around the basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) to develop a hybrid carbon/basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (C/BFRP) so as to protect the basalt fibers in touch with chloride ions. Tensile testing is conducted on the BFRP and hybrid C/BFRP sheets. The effect of the durability of the fiber-reinforced polymer sheet on the behavior of the seawater–sea sand concrete (SSC) columns confined by the BFRP and hybrid C/BFRP sheets is examined using axial compression testing. The tensile strength retention and elongation at break retention of the hybrid C/BFRP sheet improve by 41% and 24% higher than those of the BFRP sheet after 12 months in seawater. The ultimate strength of the BFRP-confined SSC column decline by 40% more than those of the hybrid C/BFRP-confined SSC column respectively, after 12 months of seawater immersion, resulting from the reduction of lateral pressure provided by the BFRP and hybrid C/BFRP sheets in seawater. A formula for calculating the long-term ultimate strength and ultimate strain of the FRP-confined SSC column is proposed, and its predictions agree well with the test results. The hybrid C/BFRP sheet proves more efficient than the BFRP sheet in confining the seawater–sea sand concrete columns.
Interactive mediated contact on social media: Mechanisms and effects on attitudes toward Ukrainian refugees
Authors: Li Wenbo , Xu Shan , Yamamoto Masahiro , Kee Kerk
Published: September 2023

This study examined the effects of interactive mediated contact, intergroup contact enabled by social media engagement, on attitudes toward Ukrainian refugees, as well as the psychological mechanisms underlying these effects, such as empathy and perceived threat. A three-wave longitudinal survey of 555 US adults was conducted in March and May 2022. The results of a cross-lagged panel model showed that interactive mediated contact predicted greater empathy and perceived threat. Subsequently, these two factors predicted positive and negative attitudes toward Ukrainian refugees, respectively. Empathy and perceived threat mediated the effect of interactive mediated contact on intergroup attitudes over time. Furthermore, intergroup attitudes predicted increased empathy and decreased perceived threat subsequently, but did not predict further interactive mediated contact on social media. This study contributes to our understanding of mediated contact in social media environment.
Humorous hate speech on social media: A mixed-methods investigation of users’ perceptions and processing of hateful memes
Authors: Schmid Ursula Kristin
Published: September 2023

Humor that denigrates social groups can be just as harmful as hate speech. Despite research indicating the prevalence of humorous hate speech, how audiences perceive and process the combination of humor (e.g. irony as a humor cue) and hate speech (e.g. dehumanization as a hate cue) remains unclear. Using a sequential mixed-methods approach combining a qualitative think-aloud study (Study 1, N = 41) with an experiment involving implicit measurements of response times (Study 2, N = 65), it was examined how individuals perceive memes that contain both humor and hate cues. While think-aloud interviews indicated that processing humorous hate speech may require multiple steps, the relative time spent by participants in Study 2 to rate humorous and non-humorous hate speech as being hostile or not did not entirely support that conclusion. However, findings imply that hostile views may become more commonplace when hate speech is masked by humor.
Applying ‘merging of knowledge’ in Tanzania: What can we learn about interrupting patterned relationships to reveal hidden dimensions of poverty?
Authors: Wetengere Kitojo , Bray Rachel , Kalisa Martin , Bhallamudi Isha
Published: September 2023

Merging of Knowledge is a research approach that creates the conditions for people with lived experience of poverty to participate at an equal level with academics and practitioners, in the co-generation of knowledge about poverty. This paper reflects critically on the application of ‘Merging of Knowledge’ to study poverty in Tanzania, assessing its challenges, achievements, and lessons learned about revealing hidden knowledge about poverty. It also provides a brief literature review to place the Merging of Knowledge alongside other participatory approaches. This paper finds that Merging of Knowledge can effectively interrupt patterned social relationships, and empower individuals and peer groups, thereby stimulating transformation of both academics and people and poverty. It does so by addressing imbalances in social status, empowering all groups of participants at each stage of the research, and building trust, confidence, and freedom from fear in a sustainable manner. The conclusion drawn is that Merging of Knowledge holds great promise for future research on topics where strong hierarchies of knowledge exist, and where the physical inclusion of participants in data collection is not readily translated into intellectual inclusivity during analysis and the dissemination of findings.
The effect of flame retardants on the fire technical characteristics of recycled textiles
Authors: Danihelová Anna , Němec Miroslav , Gergeľ Tomáš , Gejdoš Miloš , Lieskovský Martin , Mitterová Iveta , Sčensný Patrik , Igaz Rastislav
Published: September 2023

The paper deals with the fire technical characteristics of insulation panels made of recycled technical textiles from the automotive industry. The introductory part focuse an of the use of recycled textiles, a description and division of technical textiles, a description of the examined material and its composition, combustion processes, and the method of handling waste textiles. The monitored characteristics were the determination of the ignitability of the material, the gross calorific value as well as the radiant heat resistance. The measurements were carried out on samples from recycled technical textiles before and after their treatment with flame retardants (Isonem Anti-fire Solution, Ecogard B45, HR Prof, woven carbon foil, non-woven carbon foil). The best results in the ignitability test after treatment with liquid flame retardants were obtained after treatment with Ecogard B45. The results show that when flame retardants are used, the released heat during the combustion of the monitored materials treated through the dipping method is significantly lower from 13.7 MJ/kg to 23.7 MJ/kg. The lowest gross calorific values were achieved when using liquid flame retardant HR Prof when applied by dipping. The proportion of material that did not burn was very low (4.61 to 5.63%). After exposure to radiant heat for 10 min, the highest mass loss was 13.6% (dipping in Ecogard B45) and the smallest 1.8% (non-woven carbon foil). Based on results, it shows that flame retardant ECOGARD® B45 for the insulation material Senizol AT XX2 TL60 made from recycled technical textiles is the most suitable fire protection.
Cultural Policy Formation and State-Society Relations: Culture-led Urban Redevelopment of Enninglu in Guangzhou
Authors: Yang Yimeng
Published: September 2023

Using the Enninglu redevelopment project as a case, this article examines how local governments in China pacify urban protests, consolidate the political legitimacy of urban agendas, and re-regulate state-society relations through cultural policy-making. The Enninglu urban renewal project has experienced three waves of social resistance since 2006. Accordingly, the government has made three rounds of urban policy changes, successively incorporating heritage preservation policies, creative economy policies, and public participation policies in response to different social demands. The case of Enninglu illustrates that cultural city-making in China is not merely “state-led,” but is assembled in a process of conflict between the state and society at the local level. This article argues for bringing the perspective of “state-society relations” to the study of Asian cultural/creative cities and further proposes a “legitimacy framework” to conceptualize the mechanisms of urban cultural policy-making in the context of social resistance.
Correcting Hip Dysplasia in Young Adults: Intraoperative Navigation and Outcomes
Authors: Ondeck Nathaniel T. , Borsinger Tracy M. , Chalmers Brian P. , Blevins Jason L.
Published: September 2023

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often leads to characteristic acetabular dysplasia and typical femoral anomalies. There are numerous treatments for skeletally mature patients with DDH including hip arthroscopy, pelvic and femoral osteotomies, as well as total hip arthroplasty. Before proceeding to an arthroplasty procedure, it can be helpful to obtain an opinion of a hip preservation specialist to ascertain if alternative surgical treatments could contribute to the patient’s care. In general, the use of robotic navigation has been associated with a higher proportion of cups placed in the Lewinnek safe zone, larger improvements in Harris Hip Scores, and no difference in overall complication rates in comparison to manual total hip arthroplasty. The use of robotic navigation allows for both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional preoperative templating, enabling the surgeon to plan the position of the construct such that it achieves maximum bony purchase and hip stability. In complex DDH cases, surgeons can work with a biomechanics department to complete a fit check assessment, which utilizes 3-dimensional templating software to ascertain the appropriateness of the implant’s geometry with the patient’s anatomy. Furthermore, a 3-dimensional printed plastic model of the pelvis and/or femur can be constructed in order to complete a rehearsal procedure, which may be particularly helpful for those cases involving osteotomies. The literature on the use of robotic-assisted total hip arthroplasty in patients with DDH demonstrates improved component positioning in comparison to navigated as well as manual methods; however, studies with long-term follow-up in this patient population are lacking.
Two-Eyed Seeing Application in Research Analysis: An Integrative Review
Authors: Rankin Aric , Baumann Andrea , Downey Bernice , Valaitis Ruta , Montour Amy , Mandy Pat , Bourque Bearskin Danielle
Published: September 2023

Background

Research approaches used to understand Indigenous people in Canada have predominately used Western approaches and have not reflected Indigenous ways of knowing, protocols, or worldviews. The landscape of research involving Indigenous people is changing with a growing number of Indigenous scholars reclaiming and revitalizing Indigenous knowledge. Two-Eyed Seeing provides a framework whereby conscious and deliberate conversations and research approaches are determined prior to and throughout the research process by the research team to guide a balance of each knowledge. However, Two-Eyed Seeing approaches or methods used during data analysis within the literature remains sparse necessitating this integrative review.

Purpose

To review the literature where Two-Eyed Seeing has been applied and to identify the approaches or methods used during data analysis and discuss the implications for research with Indigenous communities worldwide.

Methods

The five-stage approach outlined by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used to guide this integrative review.

Results

A total of 321 articles were reviewed from four databases, yielding 32 articles.

Conclusions

This integrative review is novel in that it is the first review known to specifically explore the use and application of a Two-Eyed Seeing framework during data analysis. Five main themes are presented including (1) Indigenous community member involvement with analysis, (2) Co-Learning during data analysis, (3) Visual or symbolic conceptualizations to guide analysis, (4) Statement acknowledging Indigenous knowledge during data analysis, and (5) Sharing of Traditional stories to guide data analysis. Additionally, five Two-Eyed Seeing approaches less commonly used during data analysis are provided.
Exploring the Added Value of Inclusive Dementia Research Throughout (and Beyond) the Research Process
Authors: Webb Joseph , Dooley Jemima , James Roy , Davis Harry , Read Sandy
Published: September 2023

The need for the ‘voice’ of people living with dementia to be present in research has been gaining prominence in recent years. This has been realised through the rise of ‘inclusive research’, seeking to redress unequal power dynamics that have long dominated research. However, the impact and merit of inclusive research have been questioned, with questions around what value the involvement of disabled people as co-researchers adds to the research process and impact. With reference to an inclusive photovoice project on dementia post-diagnosis experiences, we address these debates through exploring the arc of the research project in three phases. In Phase 1 project notes and reflective conversations between the research team are drawn on to examine how the lived experience of researchers living with dementia shaped the focus and the methods employed. In Phase 2 conversation analysis is used to examine the interactional delivery of the focus group, showing that the researchers living with dementia used a mix of facilitation techniques to encourage and support talk, drawing on their own expertise by experience as an interactional tool to encourage participants to talk. In Phase 3 thematic analysis of participant follow up interviews is employed to examine experiences of taking part in the research. Participants reported improved positive self-image, benefits from peer support, and increased motivation to engage in future activities because of participation. We argue that the value the researchers with dementia added was not just confined to the focus of the research, but was ‘baked into’ project design delivery, and impact upon participants living with dementia. We show that the ‘added value’ of inclusive research shaped the research methods and delivery to fit participants, supported increased participation and agency from participants during the research, and enabled participants to contest deficit framing(s) of dementia after leaving the research project.
Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Clarençon Frédéric , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Premat Kévin , Baptiste Amandine , Chabert Emmanuel , Ferrier Anna , Labeyrie Marc-Antoine , Reiner Peggy , Spelle Laurent , Denier Christian , Tuilier Titien , Hosseini Hassan , Rodriguez-Régent Christine , Turc Guillaume , Fauché Cédric , Lamy Matthias , Lapergue Bertrand , Consoli Arturo , Barbier Charlotte , Boulanger Marion , Bricout Nicolas , Henon Hilde , Gory Benjamin , Richard Sébastien , Rouchaud Aymeric , Macian-Montoro Francisco , Eker Omer , Cho Tae-Hee , Soize Sébastien , Moulin Solène , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Timsit Serge , Darcourt Jean , Albucher Jean-François , Janot Kévin , Annan Mariam , Pico Fernando , Costalat Vincent , Arquizan Caroline , Marnat Gautier , Sibon Igor , Pop Raoul , Wolff Valérie , Shotar Eimad , Lenck Stéphanie , Sourour Nader-Antoine , Radenne Anne , Alamowitch Sonia , Dechartres Agnès
Published: September 2023

Rationale:

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) associated with the best medical treatment (BMT) has recently shown efficacy for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to a large vessel occlusion. However, evidence is lacking regarding the benefit of MT for more distal occlusions.

Aim:

To evaluate the efficacy in terms of good clinical outcome at 3 months of MT associated with the BMT over the BMT alone in AIS related to a distal occlusion.

Methods:

The DISCOUNT trial is a multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial involving French University hospitals. Adult patients (⩾18 years) with an AIS involving the anterior or posterior circulation secondary to a distal vessel occlusion within 6 h of symptom onset or within 24 h if no hyperintense signal on fluid attenuation inversion recovery acquisition will be randomized 1:1 to receive either MT associated with the BMT (experimental group) or BMT alone (control group). The number of patients to be included is 488.

Study outcomes:

The primary outcome is the rate of good clinical outcome at 3 months defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) ⩽2 and evaluated by an independent assessor blinded to the intervention arm. Secondary outcomes include recanalization of the occluded vessel within 48 h, angiographic reperfusion in the experimental group, 3-month excellent clinical outcome (mRS ⩽ 1), all adverse events, and death. A cost utility analysis will estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.

Discussion:

If positive, this study will open new insights in the management of AISs.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05030142 registered on 1 September 2021.
The frequency of imaging markers adjusted for time since symptom onset in intracerebral hemorrhage: A novel predictor for hematoma expansion
Authors: Song Lei , Cheng Jun , Zhang Cun , Zhou Hang , Guo Wenmin , Ye Yu , Wang Rujia , Xiong Hui , Zhang Ji , Ke Ren , Tang Dongfang , Fu Yufei , He Zhibing , Zou Liwei , Wang Longsheng , Kuang Lianghong , Qiu Xiaoming , Guo Tingting , Yu Yongqiang
Published: September 2023

Background:

Hematoma expansion (HE) is common in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and associated with a worse outcome. Imaging makers and shorter time from symptom onset are both associated with HE, but prognostic scores based on these parameters individually have not been satisfactory. We hypothesized that a score including both imaging markers of expansion, and time of onset, would improve prediction.

Methods:

Patients with supratentorial ICH within 6 h after onset were consecutively recruited from six centers between January 2018 and August 2022. Three markers were used: hypodensities, the blend sign, and the island sign. We first defined frequency of imaging markers (FIM) as the relationship between the number of imaging markers and onset-to-CT time (OCT). The time-adjusted FIM was defined as the ratio of the number of imaging markers to the onset-to-initial imaging time. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between FIM and HE. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to identify potential threshold values of FIM that optimally predict HE. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs), and the area under the curve (AUC) of the optimal cut-off in predicting HE were calculated.

Results:

In total, 1488 patients were eligible for inclusion, of whom 418 had incident HE. Multivariate analysis showed that age, male sex, baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and FIM were independent predictors of HE (odds ratio (OR) = 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–0.99; OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28–2.35; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.83–0.92; OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.28–0.62; OR = 7.82, 95% CI = 5.86–10.42, respectively). The optimal cut-off point for FIM in predicting HE was 0.63, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC values of 0.69, 0.89, 0.71, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion:

The FIM adjusted for time since symptom onset is a significant predictor of HE. Its use may allow improved prediction of those patients with ICH who develop HE, and the score may be clinically applicable in the management of patients with ICH.
Digital methods in memory studies: A beginner’s guide to scalable reading of Twitter data
Authors: Jensen Helle Strandgaard , Jensen Josephine Møller , Thygesen Alexander Ulrich , Pedersen Max Odsbjerg
Published: September 2023

This article makes a methodological contribution to the growing subfield of digital memory studies. It demonstrates a possible way forward for memory studies scholars who want to try out digital methods but also remain in conversation with the kinds of research traditionally produced within the field. The article revolves around a showcase of an analytical workflow for conducting a scalable reading of large quantities of tweets through access to the Twitter API. The article argues that using only basic computational approaches to social media data in combination with API access can drastically improve data collection practices and enrich analytical practices, producing results recognizable and compatible with existing research in memory studies. As a case study, the article uses a dataset of nearly 200,000 tweets collected around two events that prompted Twitter users to discuss the history of the American children’s television program Sesame Street. It does so to demonstrate: first, how a visualization focusing on chronology can help underpin arguments about heightened activity around certain events. Second, a close reading of selected tweets from these events can support claims of shared activity, even if no hashtags were used. And third, how using simple tools for distant reading makes it possible to converse with questions and issues about gatekeepers and connectivity already central within memory studies. Furthermore, the article demonstrates how the Twitter API supports a more systematical, large-scale collection of tweets than usually seen in memory studies, making researchers less dependent on the algorithmic bias that rules the search in the platform’s regular interface.
“We were able to get creative”: Examining virtual field experiences during literacy instruction with preservice teachers
Authors: Karkar Esperat Tala Michelle , Bahlmann Bollinger Chelsey M
Published: September 2023

Field experiences are an integral part of teacher education programs because they provide preservice teachers with an opportunity to put the theory, they are learning in their university classrooms into practice. The purpose of this research study was to explore the preservice teachers’ virtual field experiences at two universities during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to identify the practices that inform teacher educators’ and course developers’ practices to provide effective and cohesive virtual field experiences. Twenty-seven preservice teachers participated in this study. Results of the study showed that preservice teachers identified experiences with new literacies (technologies), teacher educator’s role, video analysis, assignments, and working with a cooperating teacher (CT)as valuable in virtual field experiences.
Anaesthetic management in a cat undergoing emergency craniotomy for meningioma excision
Authors: Marchionne Giulia , Alcoverro Emili , Spinillo Simone , Louro Luis Filipe
Published: September 2023

Case summary

A 15-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat underwent an emergency craniotomy to remove an intracranial meningioma causing marked midline shift, caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. Because intracranial structures are enclosed in the cranium, any volume-occupying lesions might raise intracranial pressure (ICP), compromising cerebral perfusion.

Relevance and novel information

This case report discusses the anaesthetic management of a cat that presented with marked bradycardia and concomitant hypotension. Cushing’s reflex (CR) is a well-recognised cardiovascular reflex following sudden ICP increase, and it features an irregular breathing pattern and increased arterial blood pressure with reflex bradycardia. However, CR is reported to have a low sensitivity for the detection of raised ICP in humans with traumatic brain injury. In a previous study reporting seven cats undergoing surgical removal of intracranial meningioma, ICP was measured in four cases and, in these patients, CR was not observed during surgery. Because bradycardia was not secondary to hypertension, in this case, it might have been the result of direct compression of the nucleus of the vagus nerve. Based on the literature search, there is paucity of reports of cardiovascular changes in cats with increased ICP and their perianaesthetic management.
The Impact of Primary Care Practice Models on Indicators of Unplanned Health Care Utilization for Ontario Adults Newly Diagnosed With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sheng Ruixi , Tranmer Joan E , Godfrey Christina , Rotter Thomas
Published: September 2023

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent chronic disease. Most of the care for this population occurs within the primary care setting; however, the extent to which different primary care practice models influence the outcomes of patients with COPD remains unclear.

Objective:

The study aimed to compare and analyze the influence of different primary care practice models on indicators of unplanned health care utilization among newly diagnosed COPD patients in Ontario.

Design:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using health administrative database within the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. The cohort included persons who were 35 years and older with physician-diagnosed COPD between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. Patients were assigned into 3 practice models: team-based, traditional, and no enrolment. The primary outcomes examined was unplanned health care utilization, specifically emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. To account for excessive zero values, the zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models were used to analyze the association between different practice models and unplanned health care utilization.

Results:

Among 57,145 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, 55,994 were included in the regression analysis. Of the included participants, 62.8% of patients were in the traditional group, 30.3% were in the team-based group, and 6.9% were in the no enrolment group. Between 2014 and 2019, 70.7% of the cohort had at least 1 all-cause ED visit without hospitalization. The adjusted ZINB models showed no significant difference in risks of experiencing an unplanned health care utilization between the team-based and traditional groups. However, patients in the no enrolment group had a significantly higher risk of ED visit without hospitalization regardless of cause, ED visit with hospitalization regardless of cause, and 30-day readmissions regardless of cause.

Conclusions:

Primary care practice models are complex, influenced by remuneration and organizational structures, reinforcing the need for further research to enhance our understanding of primary care reforms. Furthermore, given the growing shortage of primary care providers, patients with COPD and other chronic conditions are particularly vulnerable.
Challenges and Culturally Responsive Practices of School Counselors Supporting Students Experiencing Homelessness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Waller Ami C. , Rascoe Erica S.
Published: September 2023

Considering the increased number of students impacted by homelessness and the overrepresentation of people of color among the homeless population, feeling adept in meeting the unique needs of this student population is critical for school counselors. We address findings from a qualitative study exploring the challenges and cultural responsiveness of school counselors supporting students experiencing homelessness. Three themes and two subthemes emerged from the study and are addressed in detail.
The Role of the Welfare State for NEETs: Exploring the Association Between Public Social Spending and NEET in European Countries
Authors: Youn Minjong , Kang Chungseo
Published: September 2023

This study explores the role of the welfare state in reducing young people not being in education, employment, or training (NEET)s across 15 European countries. Using data from the Survey of Adult Skills in the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) in combination with the Social Expenditure Database, we conducted cross-national analysis to reveal whether the increase in public social spending moderates the risk of being NEET at a young adult age, especially for socially disadvantaged young people. Our results highlighted that the rise of one percentage point of public social spending per gross domestic product, including social expenditure on education, active labor market, and unemployment, is significantly associated with decreasing the odds of being NEET. Furthermore, these social expenditures appeared to lower the NEET risk given socially disadvantaged backgrounds suggesting that young people with low educational levels, whose parents have low educational attainment levels, non-immigrant families, and females are likely to benefit given the robust social protection system. These findings suggest that public social spending may be an effective investment in promoting the social involvement of young people from socially disadvantaged background.
Assessing Tonal Abilities in Elementary School Children: Testing Reliability and Validity of the Implicit Tonal Ability Test Using Rasch Measurement Model
Authors: Wolfs Zyxcban G. , Brand-Gruwel Saskia , Boshuizen Henny P. A. (Els)
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument measuring the perception and interpretation of several distinct musical features (pitch, tonality, timing, loudness, and timbre). Therefore, we developed the Implicit Tonal Ability Test (ITAT), a listening test containing 49 multiple-choice items. A total of 233 children aged 6 to 12 participated in this study. Rasch model-based analysis of dimensionality and differential item functioning was chosen as the principal analysis strategy. Results revealed that the ITAT discriminated between high and low performers. Responses to distinct musical features behaved as one Rasch dimension in the test and reliability measures were sufficient for persons and items. The ITAT was variable across age and gender, with a positive relation between age and ITAT-score. The ITAT can be reliably used in elementary education to measure children’s musical ability for perception and interpretation of distinct musical features in just one test.
The Unique Case Study of Circular Economy in Vietnam Remarking Recycling Craft Villages
Authors: Herrador Manuel , Dat Tran Tho , Truong Dinh Duc , Hoa Le Thu , Łobacz Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Vietnam’s economy will be the fastest-growing in 2023 and 2024 compared to ASEAN-5 countries. Since the country is following a development pathway, it is in a position to bet on a Circular Economy (CE), which is a widespread phenomenon for Sustainable Development. This study identifies major environmental challenges and remarks on the evolution of regulations and notable actions in the CE direction. For instance, emphasizes the approximately 4,000 Recycling Craft Villages that poorly implement a CE, focusing on Da Hoi. Finally, this article aims to identify challenges and opportunities, provide recommendations, and portray the future of circularity. Both desk and field research was conducted, including interviews and event attendance. Three principal conclusions are depicted; the limitations in the waste value chain of Recycling Craft Villages, the necessity to minimize air pollution through circularity, and budgetary restrictions are noted as continual hurdles to moving toward circularity. This article will interest policymakers, Vietnamese and international businesses, and academics.
The geographic visualization of financial inclusion and exclusion in Mexican municipalities
Authors: Dircio-Palacios-Macedo María del Carmen , Cruz-García Paula , Hernández-Trillo Fausto , Tortosa-Ausina Emili
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we present a gridded population cartogram illustrating a recently constructed financial inclusion index for Mexico 2020 (Dircio-Palacios-Macedo et al., 2023). Its importance relies in that it allows us to identify the municipalities with different levels of financial inclusion in a geographical disaggregated manner, which can be used for the ultimate goal of relevant policy analysis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the type and prevalence of mental health disorders and symptoms among children living in residential care
Authors: Westlake Meryl F. , Hillman Saul , Kerr-Davis Asa , Viziteu Andrei , Silver Miriam , Dykiert Dominika
Published: September 2023

Research suggests that among all children living in social care, those in residential care have the highest mental health need. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to establish the type and prevalence of mental health disorders and symptoms among children in residential care. A systematic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, ASSIA, IBSS and grey literature databases from January 1989 to July 2022 was conducted ( N = 11, 246). Articles were eligible for inclusion where they: (1) included a sample living in residential provision similar to that provided in the UK, (2) used standardised screening tools or psychiatric assessments, using diagnostic classification systems, and (3) reported prevalence estimates. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. 21 articles with prevalence rates for a total of 4287 children, adolescents and young adults were included. Almost half the children had symptoms indicative of a probable mental health disorder (46%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 35–58). Externalising problems (49%; 95% CI 34–65), were more common than internalising problems (39%; 95% CI 26–53) and prevalence rates for conduct disorder (34%; 95% CI 17–55), depression (26%; 95% CI 18–35), emotional symptoms (17%; 95% CI 8–28), and somatic symptoms (14%; 95% CI 8–20) were estimated. The findings provide evidence that the prevalence of mental health disorders and symptoms are particularly high among children in residential care. These pooled estimates should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity and further epidemiological research is needed to guide policy in different countries.
BIRA 91: Where to Go from Here
Authors: Sahu Tripti , Arora Lokesh , Singh Prakash
Published: September 2023

India claims the third position in the world alcohol industry and is an ₹ 35 billion ( https://www.craftdrinksindia.com/overview-of-indian-market ) industry in value terms. There were projections that the beer market of India would grow by 7.6% CAGR between the years 2018 and 2024 ( https://www.medium.com/marc-insights/alcohol-industry-in-india-b5f650853038 ). Basically, the Indian alcohol industry is divided into three parts: Homemade liquor, Indian Manufactured Foreign Liquor (IMFL), and Beer. India has a large market for whiskey, but the beer had never been a choice of strong alcoholic lovers. In the given market situation, Bira 91 crafted beer was launched in the year 2015 (under the registered company name B9). In a short span of two years, the company saw unprecedented growth in its product demand (doubling every month). Bira 91 claimed a 4.5% market share in the year 2017 and eyed up to ₹ 6.14 billion sales in the year 2018. In the COVID-19 pandemic year 2020–2021, when the entire industry was facing a crisis, Bira 91 managed to keep its brand intact and started to diverse into various other beverages. Having not achieved its break-even point, Bira91 had tall plans of becoming a market leader by the year 2024. With a stronghold on consumer’s choices and requirements, Bira 91 was quite sure of achieving its goals of market expansion in India and globally. It is indispensable for budding managers and entrepreneurs to understand the expansion recipe adopted by a start-up company to quickly and successfully take over the market. The present case proposes to set a platform to analyse the opportunities available for expansion by a young start-up company to capture a big pie of the market.
Electrospun nano-barium titanate/polycaprolactone composite coatings on titanium and Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
Authors: Ibrahim Sabreen Waleed , Hamad Thekra Ismael
Published: September 2023

Using coated implant materials has been demonstrated to enhance bone regeneration and expedite healing around implant sites significantly. Generally, employing a polymeric matrix reinforced with ceramic materials has been considered a promising composite material for the coating of implants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mixing varying concentrations of nano-barium titanate (nanoBaTiO3) (9, 18, and 36 wt%) to polycaprolactone (PCL) (18 wt%) on the properties of coatings applied to commercially pure titanium (CpTi) and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys implant materials. The electrospinning technique was utilised to fabricate the coatings, and the samples were characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the composite coating’s surface roughness and topography; the incorporation of a high amount of BaTiO3 resulted in increased roughness of the coating layer on CpTi and Ti13Nb13Zr alloys (69.78 nm and 96.88 nm, respectively). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology; the fibre diameters of BT/PCL composite were 80 to 534 nm for different mixture concentrations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the chemical bonds in the composite coating. Results indicated that increasing the proportion of nano-barium titanate in the coating composition reduced water contact angles and enhanced the adhesion strength of the composite coating to the substrate. These findings provide valuable information for developing new coating materials to promote the growth of new bone and accelerate healing around implants.
Assessing the feasibility of achieving functional recovery goals through seismic retrofit of existing reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Mohammadgholibeyki Negar , Echeverria Maria Jose , Safiey Amir , Cook Dustin , Koliou Maria , Liel Abbie B.
Published: September 2023

Damage from past earthquakes has significantly hampered post-earthquake building function, threatening community resilience, and motivating consideration of functional recovery in building design and assessment. This study examines whether it is feasible to achieve functional recovery in retrofit of existing reinforced concrete buildings, focusing on seven buildings retrofit with various motivations and strategies. The seismic response of these buildings was nonlinearly simulated, and functional recovery was probabilistically assessed. The results show that retrofits targeting life safety may or may not achieve functional recovery goals. Achieving functional recovery depends especially on the reduction of drift demands and collapse probability. However, the acceleration increase associated with many retrofits can increase function loss due to the criticality of acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components if such components are not retrofitted. We also examine other performance metrics, that is, economic losses and immediate occupancy limits of ASCE/SEI 41, showing that these provide imprecise, and in the case of the immediate occupancy conservative, proxies for functional recovery.
Ocular manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Mahendradas Padmamalini , Mishra Sai Bhakti , Sangoram Rohini , Srinivasan Sanjay , Kawali Ankush , Patil Aditya , Shetty Rohit
Published: September 2023

Background

Immunologic and inflammatory adverse effects following vaccination against COVID-19 are being reported. While some reactions may develop denovo others concern its immunogenic effect in patients with pre-existing inflammatory conditions.

Methods

Retrospective consecutive patients diagnosed with ocular inflammatory manifestations within 8 weeks of receiving COVID-19 vaccination who presented to a tertiary eye care centre in South India.

Results

Ninety-eight eyes of 67 patients presenting with ocular inflammatory manifestations within 8 weeks following COVID-19 vaccination were studied. The mean age was 43 years (+/- 14.82; range 19–80 years). The most common presentations were anterior uveitis (n = 31, 31.7%), followed by panuveitis (n = 24, 24.5%). The mean time to onset of symptoms was 25 days (+/- 15.48; range 2–55 days) following a dose of vaccine.

Among all patients, 39 (58.2%) had a previous history of ocular inflammation. Mean presenting visual acuity was 0.4 (0-4) logMAR units and mean final visual acuity was 0.2 (0-4) logMAR units. The causes for reduced vision included of cystoid macular edema (n=2, 2%), chorioretinal atrophy (n=2.2%), optic atrophy (n=1.1%), retinal vascular occlusion (n=1.1%) and acute retinal necrosis (n=1.1%).

Conclusion

Infective and immunogenic adverse events should be watched out for after COVID-19 vaccination. It is difficult to establish causality for such manifestations, nevertheless, most of them were mild and had good final visual outcomes.