bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of the structure and vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy of liquid–vapor interface of aqueous acetic acid
Authors: Negi Anjali , Malik Ravi , Chandra Amalendu
Published: February 2025

We have investigated the liquid–vapor interface of aqueous acetic acid solution through calculations of the structure and vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectra of the interfaces for varying concentrations of the acetic acid (AA). Our findings reveal the surface propensity of the AA molecules. As the concentration of AA increases, more AA molecules are found to be present in the interfacial region. The AA molecules at the interface are found to be oriented in a manner where the hydrophobic part (methyl chain) is oriented toward the vapor phase and the hydrophilic part is pointed toward the liquid phase. The total VSFG spectrum reveals that the intensity of the peak of dangling OH groups of water around 3750 cm−1 decreases when the concentration of AA increases, while the intensity of the peak around 3550 cm−1 due to OH groups having hydrogen bonds between water and AA molecules increases. Furthermore, the latter peak is redshifted as the AA concentration increases, which is due to the partial cancellation between the positive response of water OH modes and the negative response of the OH modes of AA molecules. It is also noted that the AA molecules make the interfacial water more structured by making hydrogen bonds with its otherwise dangling OH modes at the surface.
Energy efficiency analysis of spin–orbit torque MRAM using composition dependent resistivity and spin Hall angle in Pt/W multilayer structure
Authors: Yoon Ji-won , Lee Hyun-jun , Yun Ji-Hyeon , Lee Si-yeol , Lim Sang Ho , Baek Seung-heon Chris
Published: February 2025

Current-induced magnetization switching through spin–orbit torque (SOT) enables low-energy and high-speed switching of magnetic memory (MRAM), positioning SOT-MRAM as a promising candidate for next-generation memory technology. As energy consumption in data computation has become a major challenge in the 21st century, significant efforts have been dedicated to developing energy-efficient memory devices. To optimize SOT-MRAM for energy efficiency, achieving a high spin Hall angle (SHA) has been regarded as essential, as a high SHA indicates efficient spin current generation. However, while previous studies have focused on increasing SHA, this has often led to increased resistivity, which may hinder overall energy efficiency in SOT-MRAM. We propose that resistivity is almost as important as SHA in determining the energy efficiency of SOT-MRAM. In this study, we analyze the effects of both SHA and resistivity in SOT channel materials, which can be modulated by adjusting the composition of Pt and W in Pt/W multilayers. We observed that varying the Pt and W compositions resulted in non-linear changes in both SHA and resistivity, suggesting that evaluating energy efficiency based solely on SHA may be misleading. Thus, we introduce a figure of merit, ξ=ρθSH2, which represents the combined impact of SHA and resistivity on SOT-MRAM energy efficiency. We hope that our findings reveal the importance of considering both SHA and resistivity in the development of energy-efficient SOT-MRAM.
Model prediction and numerical calculation of critical breakage volumes of pendant droplets
Authors: Dong Jian , Gong Mengying , Zhang Zihao , Wu Jie , Liu Bilong
Published: February 2025

There is an inherent link between droplet volume (V) and the diameter of the dropper influencing its creation. This research study calculates the fundamental profile of a pendant droplet created by a dropper. We confirm that the internal force N applied during the crucial rupture phase of the droplet, equal to the sum of the Laplace pressure Plap, the atmospheric pressure Patm, and the gravitational force ρlVg (ρl is the density of the liquid) is vital. Further, by applying the Bashforth–Adams curve (B-A curve), determining the curvature radius b for droplets of different volumes, identifying the shape factor β at the critical point, and simultaneously determining the essential pipe diameter, two separate types of droplet rupture were found to exist based on the crucial pipe diameter: (1) at the convex section and (2) at the neck's thinnest area. For both droplet cases of the droplets, consistently adjust β′s size and graph the B-A curve to evaluate droplet rupture shapes under different diameters, examine the force scenarios, and confirm that the variance between the anticipated and actual droplet volumes is within a feasible range. At this point, β is crucial for determining the shape of droplets. The study's findings are in line with the experimental data on the varying tensions and densities of droplets, as determined by the micro-scale fluid dynamics in managing droplets.
Community healthcare system and its practice for Indigenous elders in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Hui-Chuan , Kuo Chun-Yen , Lai Chin-ying
Published: February 2025

In 2017, Taiwan launched a dedicated long-term care plan for Indigenous peoples, enhancing tribal cultural health stations. By 2018, the Indigenous Council introduced a cultural safety mentoring program for caregivers, aiming to improve their cultural sensitivity in providing elder care. This article reviews practical experiences documented in the Indigenous culture care curriculum, examining examples of culturally sensitive care and proposing an elder care model suitable for Indigenous communities based on the findings. The development of social safety policies for Indigenous peoples underscores the critical role of cultural health stations in their welfare. Insights from these stations highlight their adaptation to meet local elders’ needs while respecting diverse tribal cultures. Challenges include aligning with policies, training caregivers effectively and ensuring operational efficiency. Addressing these issues requires stable caregiver salaries, proficiency in ethnic languages, and training programs to enhance professionalism and preserve elders’ traditional knowledge. Integrating this wisdom into future policies, along with collaboration with cultural experts, will build a robust foundation for future generations.
High-throughput discovery of inhibitory protein fragments with AlphaFold
Authors: Savinov Andrew , Swanson Sebastian , Keating Amy E. , Li Gene-Wei
Published: February 2025

Peptides can bind to specific sites on larger proteins and thereby function as inhibitors and regulatory elements. Peptide fragments of larger proteins are particularly attractive for achieving these functions due to their inherent potential to form native-like binding interactions. Recently developed experimental approaches allow for high-throughput measurement of protein fragment inhibitory activity in living cells. However, it has thus far not been possible to predict de novo which of the many possible protein fragments bind to protein targets, let alone act as inhibitors. We have developed a computational method, FragFold, that employs AlphaFold to predict protein fragment binding to full-length proteins in a high-throughput manner. Applying FragFold to thousands of fragments tiling across diverse proteins revealed peaks of predicted binding along each protein sequence. Comparisons with experimental measurements establish that our approach is a sensitive predictor of fragment function: Evaluating inhibitory fragments from known protein–protein interaction interfaces, we find 87% are predicted by FragFold to bind in a native-like mode. Across full protein sequences, 68% of FragFold-predicted binding peaks match experimentally measured inhibitory peaks. Deep mutational scanning experiments support the predicted binding modes and uncover superior inhibitory peptides in high throughput. Further, FragFold is able to predict previously unknown protein binding modes, explaining prior genetic and biochemical data. The success rate of FragFold demonstrates that this computational approach should be broadly applicable for discovering inhibitory protein fragments across proteomes.
Energyscapes pinpoint marine megafauna feeding hotspots in the Mediterranean
Authors: Lambert Charlotte , Broderick Annette C. , Beton Damla , Cañadas Ana , Dars Cécile , Di Matteo Andrew , Gilbert Lola , Giménez Joan , Keramidas Ioannis , Navarro Joan , Palmer Josie L. , Snape Robin T. E. , Sparks Laura , Spitz Jérôme , Tsikliras Athanassios C. , Virgili Auriane , Grémillet David
Published: February 2025

Ocean giants shape the structure and functioning of marine food webs via trophic top–down controls, landscapes of fear, vertical and horizontal redistribution of nutrients, energy, and matter. Yet, they face threats from overfishing, pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change, and one-third of marine megafauna species are at risk of extinction, ultimately endangering the resilience of entire ecosystems. In such a context, knowing when and where megafauna find resources to balance their substantial energy requirements is critical for their management. Through an energyscape approach integrating abundance censuses, diet, and energy requirements, we investigated the prey consumption patterns of Mediterranean marine megafauna during the summer. We thereby shed light on a diverse guild of species composed of fishes, mammals, reptiles, and birds and estimated that 4.1 million individuals consume 1.6 million tons of prey each summer, pelagic cephalopods being the primary food resource and cetaceans and tunas being key players in the community. Spatial patterns in prey consumption reflected the diverse distribution and needs of the megafauna species and underlined the critical importance of the western Mediterranean for the megafauna community. Conservation strategies should prioritize spatial and biological diversity to safeguard megafauna and ecosystem functions across the Mediterranean basin.
Bilateral cellular flows display asymmetry prior to left–right organizer formation in amniote gastrulation
Authors: Asai Rieko , Sinha Shubham , Prakash Vivek N. , Mikawa Takashi
Published: February 2025

A bilateral body plan is predominant throughout the animal kingdom. Bilaterality of amniote embryos becomes recognizable as midline morphogenesis begins at gastrulation, bisecting an embryonic field into the left and right sides, and left–right (LR) asymmetry patterning follows. While a series of laterality genes expressed after the LR compartmentalization has been extensively studied, the laterality patterning prior to and at the initiation of midline morphogenesis has remained unclear. Here, through a biophysical quantification in a high spatial and temporal resolution, applied to a chick model system, we show that a large-scale bilateral counterrotating cellular flow, termed “polonaise movements”, display LR asymmetries in early gastrulation. This cell movement starts prior to the formation of the primitive streak (PS) (the earliest midline structure) and the subsequent appearance of Hensen’s node (the LR organizer). The cellular flow speed and vorticity unravel the location and timing of the LR asymmetries. The bilateral flows displayed a Right dominance after 6 h since the start of cell movements. Mitotic arrest that diminishes PS formation resulted in changes in the bilateral flow pattern, but the Right dominance persisted. Our data indicate that the LR asymmetry in amniote gastrula becomes detectable earlier than suggested by current models, which assume that the asymmetric regulation of the laterality signals at the node leads to the LR patterning. More broadly, our results suggest that physical processes can play an unexpected but significant role in influencing LR laterality during embryonic development.
The case of Pete Buttigieg
Authors: Zaikovskii Mikhail
Published: February 2025

The research focuses on the construction of gay identity in political speech, with particular attention to Pete Buttigieg, the first openly gay US presidential candidate. During Buttigieg’s 2020 Presidential campaign, his sexuality received significant attention and sparked controversial reactions. This study employs the combination of Corpus Linguistics (CL) and Discourse Analysis as a fruitful approach for analyzing the formation of identity through language. By combining CL with qualitative inquiries, the study highlights the benefits of triangulation and cross-fertilization of methods that are typically used in isolation. The focus corpus, utilized for identifying keywords and major thematic groups, consists of excerpts from Buttigieg’s political speeches and interviews. Furthermore, the study employs Co-cultural theory to examine the communicative strategies used by Buttigieg in his LGBTQ+-specific political discourses. Buttigieg’s strategies include Emphasizing Commonalities, Mirroring, Communicating Self, Dispelling Stereotypes, Dissociating, and Increasing Visibility, each representing different approaches to identity construction through language. In addition to shedding light on the unique aspects of gay identity construction in political discourse, this research contributes to a better understanding of the electorate’s dissatisfaction with Buttigieg’s campaign, especially among non-heteronormative individuals.
Thai transgender people’s English articulation in intercultural communication
Authors: Pan Zhaoyi
Published: February 2025

This research used online focus group discussions involving five Thai transgender participants and participants
with various gender identities and sexuality to examine Thai transgender people’s articulations of gender, sexuality and senses of
themselves. English was used as a lingua franca (ELF). A poststructuralist discourse analysis was used. The results illustrated
that most Thai transgender participants were willing to articulate their genders and sexuality in a friendly and polite
environment in intercultural communication. However, individual differences were found while initially articulating gender and
sexuality over time in the same group discussion. In addition, the friendly and polite situational environment could trigger them
to articulate more information regarding their gender and sexuality. Moreover, the five Thai transgender participants revealed
their powerfulness as the self-identification of Thai transgender people in discourses, whereas their powerlessness was exposed in
the theme of mental and social care.
Centering the margins
Authors: Ogungbemi Olarotimi
Published: February 2025

Until recently, queer sexuality has been on the periphery of African literary imaginations. Studies on queer
sexuality have paid attention to its representations on social media, Nollywood movies, and the Nigerian print media, with scarce
attention to how contemporary literary texts construct queer people’s identity. Therefore, this article presents findings from
Jude Dibia’s Walking with Shadows, drawing attention to how language is co-opted to construct gay identity and
advance rights advocacy. Using Bucholtz and Hall’s Tactics of Intersubjectivity, the article examines Jude Dibia’s Walking with
Shadows, the first coming out novel in Nigeria. The findings reveal that gay people are denied access to the same rights as
heterosexuals in Nigeria and mainly encounter obstacles in the construction of their identity. The study offers insights relevant
to the study of queer sexuality in African literature and contributes to identity politics in sexuality discourse.
On the integrability of extended test body dynamics around black holes
Authors: Ramond Paul
Published: February 2025

In general relativity, the motion of an extended test body is influenced by its proper rotation, or spin. We present a covariant and physically self-consistent Hamiltonian framework to study this motion, up to quadratic order in the body’s spin, including a spin-induced quadrupole, and in an arbitrary background spacetime. The choice of spin supplementary condition and degeneracies associated with local Lorentz invariance are treated rigorously with adapted tools from Hamiltonian mechanics. Applying the formalism to a background space- time described by the Kerr metric, we prove that the motion of any test compact object around a rotating black hole defines an integrable Hamiltonian system to linear order in the body’s spin. Moreover, this integrability still holds at quadratic order in spin when the compact object has the deformability expected for an isolated black hole. By exploiting the unique symmetries at play in black hole binaries, our analytical results clarify longstanding numerical conjectures regarding spin-induced chaos in the motion of asymmetric compact binaries, and may provide a powerful framework to improve current gravitational waveform modelling.
Rotating machinery structural faults feature enhancement and diagnosis base on low-pass Teager energy operator intrinsic time-scale decomposition
Authors: Song Xuewei , Huang Zhende , Liang Guanlong , Niu Jinzhang , Jia Baozhu , Liao Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

Aiming to address the issue of the complex and harsh working environment of rotating machinery, the features of vibration signals associated with structural faults are often obscured by noise, resulting in low accuracy in fault diagnosis. This paper proposes a method for feature enhancement and diagnosis of rotating machinery structural faults, which combines the low-pass Teager energy operator intrinsic time-scale decomposition (LTEO-ITD) recurrence plot (RP) with the ResNet18 network. Firstly, the low-frequency components of the vibration signal are extracted and enhanced using the LTEO. The method effectively suppresses noise interference and enhances fault features. Then, the fault features are extracted using ITD. The component that contains the highest number of fault features is selected based on kurtosis analysis, followed by the generation of the corresponding RP. Finally, the data is input into the ResNet18 network for diagnostic verification. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through vibration signals from the rotating machinery experimental platform and the comprehensive rotating machinery experimental platform. The proposed method achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 100% on both datasets. The comparative validation was conducted using five distinct image encoding methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively extracts fault features of structural faults, thereby enhancing the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
Resilient stellarator divertor characteristics in the Helically Symmetric eXperiment
Authors: Garcia K A , Bader A , Boeyaert D , Boozer A H , Frerichs H , Gerard M J , Punjabi A , Schmitz O
Published: February 2025

Resilient divertor features connected to open chaotic edge structures in the Helically Symmetric eXperiment are investigated. For the first time, an expanded vessel wall was considered that would give space for implementation of a physical divertor target structure. The analysis was done for four different magnetic configurations with very different chaotic plasma edges. A resilient plasma wall interaction pattern was identified across all configurations. This manifests as qualitatively very similar footprint behavior across the different plasma equilibria. Overall, the resilient field lines of interest with high connection length LC
lie within a helical band along the wall for all configurations. This resiliency can be used to identify the best location of a divertor. The details of the magnetic footprint’s resilient helical band is subject to specific field line structures which are linked to the penetration depth of field lines into the plasma and directly influence the heat and particle flux patterns. The differences arising from these details are characterized by introducing a new metric, the minimum radial connection min

(

δ
N

)

of a field line from the last closed flux surface. The relationship, namely the deviation from a scaling law, between min

(

δ
N

)

and LC
of the field lines in the plasma edge field line behavior suggests that the field lines are associated with structures such as resonant islands, cantori, and turnstiles. This helps determine the relevant magnetic flux channels based on the radial location of these chaotic edge structures and the divertor target footprint. These details will need to be taken into account for resilient divertor design.
Preparing ground and excited states using adiabatic CoVaR
Authors: Hwang Wooseop , Koczor Bálint
Published: February 2025

CoVariance Root finding with classical shadows (CoVaR) was recently introduced as a new paradigm for training variational quantum circuits. Common approaches, such as variants of the variational quantum eigensolver, aim to optimise a non-linear classical cost function and thus suffer from, e.g. poor local minima, high shot requirements and barren plateaus. In contrast, CoVaR fully exploits powerful classical shadows and finds joint roots of a very large number of covariances using only a logarithmic number of shots and linearly scaling classical computing resources. As a result, CoVaR has been demonstrated to be particularly robust against local traps, however, its main limitation has been that it requires a sufficiently good initial state. We address this limitation by introducing an adiabatic morphing of the target Hamiltonian and demonstrate in a broad range of application examples that CoVaR can successfully prepare eigenstates of the target Hamiltonian when no initial warm start is known. CoVaR succeeds even when Hamiltonian energy gaps are very small—this is in stark contrast to adiabatic evolution and phase estimation algorithms where circuit depths scale inversely with the Hamiltonian energy gaps. On the other hand, when the energy gaps are relatively small then adiabatic CoVaR may converge to higher excited states as opposed to a targeted specific low-lying state. Nevertheless, we exploit this feature of adiabatic CoVaR and demonstrate that it can be used to map out the low lying spectrum of a Hamiltonian which can be useful in practical applications, such as estimating thermal properties or in high-energy physics.
Wide index optical fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Li Weigang , Shen Tao , Feng Yue , Liu Chi , Liu Xin
Published: February 2025

A wide refractive index (RI) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was used to detect the RI of unknown analytes, and the modified sensor was numerically analyzed. The design features a D-type fiber structure with gold nanorods as the sensing layer, which enhances the mode matching between the core mode and the plasmon, thereby effectively promoting the LSPR effect. The results of the full-vector finite element method (FEM) analysis present that the displacement of core mode constraint loss peak is more obvious in Y-polarized mode. The wavelength sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are used to better and more accurately evaluate and analyze the output characteristics of the sensor. The results present that the sensor has a maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS) of 26,000nm RIU−1, a resolution of 3.85 × 10−6 RIU, a maximum FOM of 123.6, a sensor RI range of 1.02 ∼ 1.39, and excellent transmission characteristics. The sensor has a simple structure and low cost, and its wide RI range has great application potential in molecular biology detection, environmental pollution detection, food safety detection, and drug research.
Towards Optimization and Assessment of the Chinese New-generation VLBI Network for Earth Orientation Parameters Monitoring
Authors: Xiang Hao , Zhang Zhong-Kai , Du Lan , Liu Ze-Jun , Wang Xu-Qiao
Published: February 2025

The Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) provide a time-varying transition relationship between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame and the International Celestial Reference Frame. To support deep space exploration and the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, the Chinese New-generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (CNVN) is under construction for independent monitoring of the EOP. This paper evaluates the performance of existing 4-antenna CNVN through a batch generated observation schedules followed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The optimal positions of the fifth and sixth antennas of CNVN are found from 24 hypothetical antenna positions uniformly distributed in China. In this process, the weighted parameters are optimized, which not only reduce the possibility of large error of EOP estimation accuracy due to unreasonable combination, but also greatly reduce the calculation cost.
Stabilization of ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes with decreasing aspect ratio through major or minor radius in tokamaks
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Han H.S.
Published: February 2025

In the conventional tokamak with a high aspect ratio (A), turbulent transport is known to be dominated by the ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes, such as the ion temperature gradient (ITG) or trapped electron mode (TEM). When tokamak type changes from the conventional to the spherical one by decreasing A, these modes are often observed to be stabilized, making turbulent transport then dominated by the electron-scale mode or the electromagnetic ones, such as the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) or micro-tearing mode. Here, a modeling study is presented on how the ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes are linearly stabilized when A decreases through major or minor radius in the s–α equilibrium model. Especially, following two mechanisms are newly identified to play an important role in the linear stabilization. One is the enhancement of the threshold temperature gradients for the ITG and TEM. This enhancement occurs clearly when A decreases through the major radius, but is also effectively possible when A is reduced though the minor radius. The other is the increment of the ballooning force parameter α which roughly varies in proportion to 1/A
2 when we assume a fixed safety-factor profile. This increment enhances the linear electromagnetic and Shafranov-shift effects, which provide additional stabilization for the ITG and TEM, respectively. With the increment of α, the standard KBM can be excited at a smaller pressure gradient, but it is expected to have the 2nd stability regime access if plasma shape is strong, as typically taken in the low A spherical tokamaks. As shown in the recent simulation work by Kennedy et al (2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 126061), however, the hybrid-KBM may be excited in the low A, high beta plasmas, and a brief discussion is given about its possible origin in terms of the present modeling results.
Exploring spatial dose information in the parotid gland for xerostomia prediction and local dose patterns in head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Chao Ming , Tomalin Lewis , Wei Jie , Liu Tian , Zhang Jiahan , Liu Jerry , Peñagarícano José A
Published: February 2025

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between spatial parotid dose and the risk of xerostomia in patients undergoing head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy, using machine learning (ML) methods. Methods. Prior to conducting voxel-based ML analysis of the spatial dose, two steps were taken: (1) The parotid dose was standardized through deformable image registration to a reference patient; (2) Bilateral parotid doses were regrouped into contralateral and ipsilateral portions depending on their proximity to the gross tumor target. Individual dose voxels were input into six commonly used ML models, which were tuned with ten-fold cross validation: random forest (RF), ridge regression (RR), support vector machine (SVM), extra trees (ET), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and naïve Bayes (NB). Binary endpoints from 240 patients were used for model training and validation: 0 (N = 119) for xerostomia grades 0 or 1, and 1 (N = 121) for grades 2 or higher. Model performance was evaluated using multiple metrics, including accuracy, F1 score, areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (auROC), and area under the precision–recall curves (auPRC). Dose voxel importance was assessed to identify local dose patterns associated with xerostomia risk. Results. Four models, including RF, SVM, ET, and NB, yielded average auROCs and auPRCs greater than 0.60 from ten-fold cross-validation on the training data, except for a lower auROC from NB. The first three models, along with kNN, demonstrated higher accuracy and F1 scores. A bootstrapping analysis confirmed test uncertainty. Voxel importance analysis from kNN indicated that the posterior portion of the ipsilateral gland was more predictive of xerostomia, but no clear patterns were identified from the other models. Conclusion. Voxel doses as predictors of xerostomia were confirmed with some ML classifiers, but no clear regional patterns could be established among these classifiers, except kNN. Further research with a larger patient dataset is needed to identify conclusive patterns.
The assessment of change in human heat stress risk in Brazil projected by the CMIP6 models
Authors: Gohar Laila K , Bernie Dan , Wilson Damian , Willett Kate , Betts Richard
Published: February 2025

Climate change in Brazil is expected to increase the occurrences of heat related conditions hazardous to human health. Thresholds in the environmental conditions leading to heat stress in humans are projected to be exceeded for long periods of the year across large parts of the country. We analyse future changes in the frequency of exceeding heat stress related thresholds during the hottest part of the day as measured by the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and using the CMIP6 climate projections. Thresholds that require significant reduction in physical activity are estimated to be exceeded for most of northern Brazilian if the increase in global temperature reaches 2 °C. These exceedances are projected to occur for the hottest part of the day for at least four months of the year. Reducing global temperature rise to 1.5 °C would lessen the impact seen in the northern states. If the temperature rise exceeds 3 °C, then almost the entire country at some point in the year will have levels of WBGT that would pose a high risk to health for people undertaking physical activity. Furthermore, 8% of the population will be affected for almost half of the year. The states of Amazonas, Amapa, Acre, Maranhao, Para and Roraima are most prone to experiencing high levels of WBGT and will be the first to experience WBGT levels that are too high for intense physical activity for more than 9 months if global temperature reaches 3 °C. High levels of WBGT will have significant impact on workers in rural areas. Adaptive policies for the agricultural areas of Brazil will need to consider the impact of heat stress rendering large regions of the country unsuitable for outdoor work for large parts of the year. This will be true even at global warming levels of 2 °C for northern and central Brazil.
Measures of finite energy in pluripotential theory: A synthetic approach
Authors: Boucksom Sébastien , Jonsson Mattias
Published: February 2025

We introduce a synthetic approach to global pluripotential theory, covering in particular the case of a compact Kähler manifold and that of a projective Berkovich space over a non-Archimedean field. We define and study the space of measures of finite energy, introduce twisted energy and free energy functionals thereon, and show that coercivity of these functionals is an open condition with respect to the Kähler class.
The Cheltsov–Rubinstein problem for strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Jin Chenzi
Published: February 2025

The notion of (strongly) asymptotically log Fano varieties was introduced in 2013 by Cheltsov–Rubinstein, who posed the problem of classifying all strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo surfaces with smooth boundary that admit Kähler–Einstein edge metrics. Thanks to the Cheltsov–Rubinstein classification, this amounts to considering 10 families. In 8 families the problem has been solved by work of Cheltsov–Rubinstein, Fujita and Mazzeo–Rubinstein. The remaining 2 families are rational surfaces parameterized by the self-intersection of the 0-section

n
n

and the number of blow-ups

m
m

. By Cheltsov–Rubinstein, Cheltsov–Rubinstein–Zhang and Fujita, Kähler–Einstein edge metrics exist when either

m
=
0

m=0

or

m
≥
3

m\geq 3

for the first family, and the cases

m
=
1
,
2

m=1,2

have been studied by Fujita–Liu–Süß–Zhang–Zhuang and Fujita. The final remaining family, denoted (II.6A.n.m) in the Cheltsov–Rubinstein classification, is more difficult as the boundary consists of two components, unlike any of the other 9 families. It is the generalization of the football to complex surfaces with the pair (II.6A.0.0) being exactly the football times

P

1

\mathbb {P}^1

. The pairs (II.6A.n.0) have been completely understood by the work of Rubinstein–Zhang using the

P

1

\mathbb {P}^1

-bundle structure of Hirzebruch surfaces. This article studies the family (II.6A.n.m) for

m
≥
1

m\geq 1

. These pairs no longer have a

P

1

\mathbb {P}^1

-bundle structure and are therefore more difficult to tackle. The main result is a necessary and sufficient condition on the angles for the existence of Kähler–Einstein edge metrics, generalizing the Rubinstein–Zhang condition. Thus, we resolve the Cheltsov–Rubinstein problem for strongly asymptotically log del Pezzo surfaces.
General Diagnostic Requirements and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Mulder Roger T , Bach Bo
Published: February 2025

The ICD-11’s general diagnostic requirements for personality disorders, along with guidelines for differential diagnosis, will be outlined and explained in this chapter. We initially describe what personality is, followed by the historical background of disordered personality, including traditional personality disorder types from ICD-6 to ICD-10. Subsequently, we highlight the significant role of personality disorder for co-occurring mental disorders, and how they can be naturally intertwined or interact with one another. Finally, we provide ICD-11–based guidelines and considerations for boundaries with other mental disorders, which include autism spectrum disorder, schizotypal disorder, bipolar disorder and cyclothymia, Complex PTSD, secondary personality change, ADHD, dissociative identity disorder, dysthymic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, OCD, conduct-dissocial disorder, substance abuse and other addiction problems, and various impulse control disorders.
Maladaptive Social Cognition and Perspective-Taking
Authors: Bo Sune , Sharp Carla , Lind Majse
Published: February 2025

In this chapter we argue that social cognition, or mentalization, is significantly related to personality disorder (PD) as operationalized in the ICD-11. We present evidence that links maladaptive social cognition to PD and suggests mentalizing as a potential marker for psychopathology and personality dysfunction in general. We propose that a core defining feature of PD as defined in the ICD-11 operationalization, is maladaptive mentalizing, including the capacity to understand others “perspectives.” The model we suggest further extends the idea on the role of social cognition and mentalization in PD and links maladaptive mentalizing to epistemic mistrust, social hypervigilance, and interpersonal dysfunction.
Dissociative and Psychotic Features
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Thomson Madelyn , Kaess Michael
Published: February 2025

Dissociative and psychotic symptoms are transdiagnostic phenomena that frequently co-occur in individuals with personality disorder (PD). They are associated with heightened levels of psychopathology, psychosocial impairments, and an increased risk of self-harm, and can interfere with therapy progress. Therefore, they should be routinely assessed, using standardized measures. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for dissociative and psychotic symptoms in individuals with PD. While there is increasing evidence for the efficacy of cognitive- and dialectical-behavioral interventions for dissociative symptoms, further research is needed regarding the treatment of psychotic symptoms in individuals with PD. This chapter provides an overview of the conceptualization of dissociative and psychotic symptoms within the ICD-11 classification of PD and its empirical foundation, explores early trauma as a potential shared etiological factor, and discusses the assessment and treatment of dissociative and psychotic symptoms in PD, including the challenges of differential diagnosis.
Self-Harm Behavior
Authors: Di Leone Flavio , Liljedahl Sophie I
Published: February 2025

Self-harm is a multifaceted behavior, common to several mental disorders. The complexity of self-harm increases when it is associated with personality disorders (PD), as difficulty regulating emotions and oneself in relation to others can increase the risk of long-standing consequences to the individual and the environment. The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), provides a unique framework for understanding self-harm within the context of PD, emphasizing the risk factors associated with the PD rather than solely focusing on the type or severity of self-harm behavior. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between self-harm and PD through the lens of the ICD-11 classification system, including consideration of risk, severity, and management strategies.
Futurist totality and intermediality
Authors: Merjian Ara H
Published: February 2025

This chapter explains how Futurism altered representational strategies and shattered entrenched aesthetic classifications. The introduction of extraneous elements into Futurist painting and sculpture reflected a wider impetus to eliminate boundaries between media. The chapter explains how medium specificity reflects the notion that artistic media bear formal and material characteristics proper to their respective formats, from which they dare not depart nor share with any other—a principle which Futurism defied from the start. It elaborates on the complexity of the relationship of Futurist totality to Fascist totalitarianism. Futurism helped incite the Fascist cult of youth, virility, and nationalism, underlining the consequence of physical performance and spectacle to political ends.
Empire, race, war (again)
Authors: Merjian Ara H
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses Futurism’s relationship to the Fascist regime as it pursued imperial ambitions and eventually entered into a second World War. It notes how Futurism raised eyebrows abroad in the 1930s for its seemingly obsequious deference to Fascist doctrine. Futurism enjoyed a modicum of institutional clout and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti facilitated the state’s purchase of Futurist works from the Venice Biennale. The chapter then explains how the Fascist reappropriation of imperial history began in earnest with the founding of the Institute for Roman Studies in 1925. It considers the extent of Futurism’s influence upon Mussolini’s regime, which ignored Futurism’s cultural injunctions against museums and the cult of classicism.
Catholicism as Musical Discourse
Authors: Gordon Catherine E
Published: February 2025

This study reveals the important role that French-language sacred songs, as discursive products written primarily for women, played in the evolution of the Catholic Reform over the long seventeenth century and the need to convert the lay women to a life of piety. Whether contrafacta of secular songs or newly composed texts and music, sacred songs (cantiques, airs spirituel, or airs de devotion) were non-liturgical and written primarily by clergymen. The songs gave voice to various, even contradictory, interpretations of Catholicism. Some texts were educational, some expressed a “female religiosity” focusing on love for Jesus and God, and some expressed Jansenist/rigorist notions regarding sin and penitence. The intended public—women—determined the repertory’s discursive properties: messages communicated, language used, prescribed function(s), and musical features. An analysis of the repertory over time reflects transformations within the church linked to religious, political, and social/cultural trends: the wars of religion, the fight against libertinism, Louis XIV’s relationship with the church, the need to convert female courtiers to a life of piety, the condemnation of mysticism, the rise and fall of Jansenism, the need for female educational institutions, and an increasing public interest in connecting religious devotion with pleasurable entertainments. Although the songs’ styles and lyrics changed over time, the power of music as one of the most important discursive modes of communication during the Catholic Reform remained the same. By enhancing beyond measure the meaning and emotional impact of any lyric, music was indispensable for the internalization and strengthening of one’s devotion to Catholicism.
Introduction
Authors: Gordon Catherine E
Published: February 2025

Chapter 1 addresses the importance of French-language seventeenth-century sacred songs as discursive tools used during the Catholic Reform to stop the spread of Protestantism and to convert members of the laity, especially women, to a life of religious devotion. By catering to women’s tastes and experiences through their style—easy to sing and memorable—and their function—recreational, educational, and/or devotional—sacred songs were to replace their secular counterparts. Various theoretical parameters that form the basis of the analysis of the repertory are presented: (1) the application of “discursive institutionalization”—how different collections of sacred songs gave voice and meaning to important issues and controversies within the Church that evolved over the century; and (2) the application of feminist theories—such as “gender paradox,” “standpoint theory,” “bifurcation consciousness,” and “institutional ethnography,” that demonstrate the impact of the Catholic Reform on women’s lives both as active proponents and as targeted objects of the Reform.
How Dictator Clubs Shield from External Pressure
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

Chapter 7 analyzes how dictator clubs help to decrease the cost of international sanctions in a most-similar system design by shielding members from negative material and diplomatic consequences. The chapter shows how the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our Americas (ALBA) and further regional actors protected Nicaraguan President Ortega from international pressure when engaging in costly survival strategies ranging from electoral manipulation to protest repression. At the same time, neighboring Honduras was faced with international pressure from the Organization of American States (OAS), the United States, and the European Union that helped to put an end to a period of autocratization.
Identifying critical windows of susceptibility to perinatal lead exposure on child serum vaccine antibody levels
Authors: Colicino Elena , Feiler Marina Oktapodas , Austin Christine , Rosa Maria José , McRae Nia , Quataert Sally A , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Téllez-Rojo Martha M , Lamadrid-Figueroa Hector , Tavarez Zahira Quinones , Shim Youn K , Arora Manish , Wright Robert O , Jusko Todd A
Published: February 2025

Background: Mounting evidence suggests that early-life lead exposure alters immune system functions, including T-cell dependent antibody responses to childhood immunizations. However, no studies have identified critical windows of susceptibility to lead exposure.

Aim: To identify perinatal critical windows of lead exposure that are associated with antibody responses to anti-MMR (anti-measles, -mumps, and –rubella virus) and anti-DTP (anti-diphtheria, -tetanus, and -pertussis toxoids) vaccinations in Hispanic school-aged (mean± standard deviation: 4.8±0.6 years) children.

Methods: Weekly lead exposure—from 16 weeks before to 14 weeks after birth—was measured in deciduous teeth from 271 children enrolled in the PROGRESS study. Serum levels of anti-MMR and anti-DTP antibodies were measured by a Luminex-multiplexed-microbead-array immunoassay. Time-varying associations between log2–transformed dentine lead concentrations and log2–transformed antibody levels were estimated by fitting distributed lag non-linear models.

Results: A two-fold higher dentine lead concentration in the first three weeks postpartum was associated with an average -4.29% lower anti-tetanus level (95%confidence interval(CI):-8.22,-0.20). A perinatal (one week before to one week after birth) critical window of lead exposure demonstrated an average -3.44% (95%CI:-7.05;0.30) lower anti-diphtheria antibody level.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that early-life lead exposure may contribute to immune dysfunction by reducing children’s antibody responses to scheduled vaccinations.
Estimating the Observability of an Outcome from an Electronic Health Records Dataset Using External Data
Authors: Yan Mengying , Hong Hwanhee , Wilson Jonathan , Goldstein Benjamin A
Published: February 2025

One of the key limitations of electronic health records (EHR) data is that not all health care encounters are observed. The degree to which patient information is captured is referred to as observability. Poor observability, and in particular differential observability, can lead to biased estimates and inference. As such, understanding the degree of observability is important in EHR based studies. In this study, we propose using external data with known observability to assess the degree of overall observability in EHR. We also construct a test for differential observability in the target EHR dataset. Using principles from the transportability literature, we show that we can use a balancing score based weight to estimate the observability of our target outcome. We conduct a series of simulation experiments to understand the conditions under which dataset features must be required to obtain proper inference. To illustrate this, we consider hospital readmissions among patients with end stage renal disease as our outcome of interest. We use administrative claims data, where the outcome is fully observed, as our external data.
Challenges and opportunities of developing bioinformatics platforms in Africa: the case of BurkinaBioinfo at Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso
Authors: Tibiri Ezechiel B , Boua Palwende R , Soulama Issiaka , Dubreuil-Tranchant Christine , Tando Ndomassi , Tollenaere Charlotte , Brugidou Christophe , Nanema Romaric K , Tiendrebeogo Fidèle
Published: February 2025

Bioinformatics, an interdisciplinary field combining biology and computer science, enables meaningful information to be extracted from complex biological data. The exponential growth of biological data, driven by high-throughput omics technologies and advanced sequencing methods, requires robust computational resources. Worldwide, bioinformatics skills and computational clusters are essential for managing and analysing large-scale biological datasets across health, agriculture, and environmental science, which are crucial for the African continent. In Burkina Faso, the establishment of bioinformatics infrastructure has been a gradual process. Initial training initiatives between 2015-2016, including bioinformatics courses and the establishment of the BurkinaBioinfo (BBi) platform, marked significant progress. Over 250 scientists have been trained at diverse levels in bioinformatics, 105 user accounts have been created for high-performance computing access. Operational since 2019, this platform has significantly facilitated training programs for scientists and system administrators in west Africa, covering data production, introductory bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis, and metagenomics. Financial and technical support from various sources has facilitated the rapid development of the platform to meet the growing need for bioinformatics analysis, particularly in conjunction with local 'wet labs'. Establishing a bioinformatics cluster in Burkina Faso involved identifying the needs of researchers, selecting appropriate hardware and installing the necessary bioinformatics tools. At present, the main challenges for the BBi platform include ongoing staff training in bioinformatics skills and high-level IT infrastructure management in the face of growing infrastructure demands. Despite these challenges, the establishment of a bioinformatics platform in Burkina Faso offers significant opportunities for scientific research and economic development in the country.