bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lone Ranger in Rural Education: The Small Rural School Principal and Professional Development
Authors: Stewart Courtney , Matthews Joseph
Published: July 2019

A pressing need on principals and their demands for personal professional development is improving their performance based on evaluation policy standards. State policy standards dictate how principals evaluate teachers and how they are evaluated. Surveying rural principals we investigated the current understanding of state standards and needs for professional development. Rural districts in Utah are remote and isolated. This research highlighted that within Utah rural schools, small school principals have different needs and practices when compared to medium sized rural school principals. Small school principals reported having spent two hours less in collaborating with and mentoring their teachers than did medium school principals.  Small school principals also spent less time collaborating with other principals. Based on these results, we recommend that district and state administrators and policy makers target small school principals to provide the needed professional development to assist them in an already isolated and overloaded position.
Examining the Teacher Pipeline: Will They Stay or Will They Go?
Authors: Moeller Mary R. , Moeller Lonell L. , Schmidt Dan
Published: July 2019

This study examines survey data from teacher education students in their final two years of preparation at a Midwestern university. We asked students to explain if they intend to stay in our state or move to other states to pursue teaching careers after graduation. We compiled all 137 responses using descriptive statistics and found that 59% of respondents intend to leave our state after graduating. Of the remaining respondents, 21% intend to stay in our state and 20% are unsure of their plans. We used qualitative methods to code students’ responses, giving reasons for their intentions. While students mentioned financial reasons (low salary and debt) most often, students also valued a sense of place (home, family). Comparisons to populations studied in Carr and Kefalas (2009) and Petrin, Schafft, & Meece (2014) are made with implications for all concerned about the national teacher shortage and outmigration of graduates in rural states.
Research on Teacher Evaluation: A Review of Statute, Regulation and Litigation in the Region
Authors: Hazi Helen M.
Published: July 2019

Limited research has been done to examine teacher evaluation in rural schools. This article presents an analysis of legislation and regulation of teacher evaluation in selected rural states, highlights their commonalities and differences, reports their litigation, and speculates on potential problems that can result in rural schools. It ends with recommendations for states to consider now that the Every Student Succeeds Act (formerly No Child Left Behind) has passed, and states have the option to reconsider their teacher evaluation plans.
School Turnaround: A Rural Reflection of Reform on the Reservation and Lessons for Implementation
Authors: Mette Ian M. , Stanoch Jason
Published: July 2019

Rural communities traditionally enjoy an intimate relationship between stakeholders and the local school system.  While preliminary research exists to suggest rural school turnaround might be more likely to occur when a strong communal connection exists (Mette, 2014), little is known about rural school turnaround efforts serving predominantly Native American students.  This article reports findings of a School Improvement Grants (SIG) funded effort to digitize curriculum and deliver instruction through the use of tablets in Yellow Pine, a school district on a Native American reservation in a rural, Upper Midwestern state.  Data were collected through interviews with school and district leaders, as well as through teacher focus groups.  Findings highlight the failure to engage a historically disenfranchised community from the beginning of the improvement process, particularly the lack of involvement of students, parents, and teachers, which in turn led to little impact on student achievement.
Rural Educator Policy Brief: Rural Education and the Every Student Succeeds Act
Authors: Brenner Devon
Published: July 2019

Rural education is becoming an increasing focus of federal education legislation. The Every Student Succeeds Act explicitly addresses rural education through the REAP program, by taking steps to ensure geographic distribution in competitive grants, by requiring states to consider rural LEAs in the development of state plans, and in many other ways. The mandated report on rural education is intended to provide data about whether these provisions are sufficient for ensuring that federal policy and funding address the needs of rural schools and students and its impact remains to be seen.
The Math Learning Gap: Preparing STEM Technicians for the New Rural Economy
Authors: Harmon Hobart L. , Wilborn Sandy C.
Published: July 2019

The Rural Math Excel Partnership (RMEP) identified math competencies used by technicians in the workplace compared to standards of learning required in the public school curriculum. A modified DACUM process revealed 39 math competencies used by technicians in STEM-related occupations of the rural region. Group interviews with faculty in three community colleges helped substantiate math gaps. A project math specialist and team of teachers identified four types of learning gaps: (1) math competencies not included in state standards; (2) math competencies included in state standards taught prior to Algebra I, Algebra II, Geometry, and Algebra Functions and Data Analysis (AFDA) courses; (3) math competencies included in high school state standards that students struggle to learn; and (4) math competencies community college students struggle to learn. Implications include five lessons learned in the gap analysis process and six questions for guiding future innovation and research.
Collaboration: A Partnership Solution in Rural Education
Authors: Harmon Hobart L.
Published: July 2019

As an introduction to this special issue of The Rural Educator on the topic of collaboration, I provide examples of how collaboration offers promise as a partnership solution to current and future education challenges of rural schools and their communities. Highlights of two literature reviews establish a historical context for collaboration. Specific examples of collaboration in rural education practice from the literature set the stage for a summary of thefour articles included in the special issue. Last, five questions are posed that if answered could demonstrate the potential value of collaboration to advance research, innovation and practice in rural education.
Media in Rural Schools. A Case of a Rural High School trying to use iPads in Class Abstract
Authors: Kalonde Gilbert
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this case study was to explore how teachers and students use iPads in class, the obstacles and barriers to teacher and student iPad use, and the relationship between types and frequency of use, in one high school in Southern Oregon. The study consisted of classroom observations and follow-up interviews with nine teachers with iPad carts over a three week period. Qualitative data was emphasized, with some quantitative data to support it. Overall, iPad use was low, even though access to iPads was high. When iPads were used, teachers used iPads mostly for communication and delivering instruction, and students used iPads mostly for reading, writing, and research. Observational data and interview data results on the types of use were consistent, indicating that teachers are well aware of how they use iPads in their classrooms.
Learning to Be Rural: Lessons about Being Rural in Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Moffa Eric , McHenry-Sorber Erin
Published: July 2019

This qualitative study investigated the evolving perceptions of rurality of five Appalachian native, first-year teachers as influenced by their teacher preparation program. Findings suggested tensions between participants’ rural upbringings and programmatic and non-rural peer conceptions of rurality that surfaced during their program of study. Responses to these tensions included participants positioning themselves as “rural representatives” in their courses and, in some cases, the adoption of revised conceptions of rurality. Intra-Appalachian diversity, such as different childhood community types and childhood social class, influenced participants’ conceptualizations of rurality and their perceptions of its representation in their programs. The majority of participants perceived a trend toward generalized notions of rural place that were not necessarily representative of their personal experiences. Transitioning to first-year teachers, participants relied on their community-driven knowledge and teacher preparation to guide their practice in home or new rural, Appalachian communities
La búsqueda del sentido y del absoluto en el pensamiento filosófico
Authors: Agazzi Evandro
Published: July 2019

En el presente texto, el autor abordará la búsqueda del sentido y del absoluto en el pensamiento filosófico. De acuerdo con la propuesta del autor, se planteará que un renacimiento de la filosofía podría producirse recuperando aquella unidad de aspecto teorético y aspecto práctico que siempre ha caracterizado su historia y se encuentra en su misma raíz etimológica de “amor de sabiduría”, la cual expresa la búsqueda de un “saber” (theoría) orientado a solucionar el problema de la acción (praxis). Según esta óptica, la filosofía es fundamentalmente un esfuerzo de solucionar el problema de la Vida utilizando como instrumento la razón.
La pasión por el vacío: análisis semiótico de un poema de José Watanabe
Authors: Mondoñedo Marcos
Published: July 2019

El autor del artículo planteará que la modalidad de lo imposible, sin dejar de serlo, conservando su estatuto, interviene en la significación de una manera muy especial. Para probar este fenómeno, realizará el análisis semiótico de un poema de Watanabe que trata sobre la pasión, la del hijo de la Virgen María. Se trata de “La crucifixión”, presente en el poemario Habitó entre nosotros (2002).
La mejora de las competencias comunicativas en la formación inicial universitaria
Authors: Vilcapuma Vinces Patricia
Published: July 2019

En el presente artículo, la autora hablará de las competencias escritas y orales de los estudiantes que se inician en la vida universitaria siempre han sido una de las cuestiones que preocupan tanto a docentes como a autoridades universitarias. Es conocido que el origen de este "pequeño" inconveniente se remonta hasta la etapa escolar y se ha puesto en discusiones técnicas, fórmulas y soluciones que incluso pasan el problema a los textos literarios como si estos tuvieran este único fin en su naturaleza. Es más lamentable todavía que al llegar a la etapa superior se verifique en resultados de exámenes y tareas, solicitadas por materias que exigen el manejo adecuado de un discurso, una debilidad por parte del alumno al respecto.
El gran enigma que es el ser humano para sí mismo se ilumina con la figura de Jesús
Authors: Sandoval Lozano Giovani
Published: July 2019

Alberto Simons es director del Instituto Fe y Cultura de la Universidad Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, profesor principal de Antropología Filosófica y «Jesús y la religión» en la misma Universidad y profesor principal de Teología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Autor de numerosas investigaciones en torno a la filosofía, teología, religión y cultura, recientemente ha publicado SER HUMANO. Ensayo de Antropología Cristológica (Fondo Editorial PUCP-Fondo Editorial UARM), volumen que está dirigido a un público amplio, aún aquellos que no comparten la fe cristiana pero buscan un mundo más humano. En esta entrevista Simons nos habla de Jesús como respuesta al misterio del hombre, y nos lleva a reconocer la profundidad e importancia de la extraordinaria personalidad de Jesús. El amor que vive y dona Jesús, y que no hace distinción alguna, ha hecho que se mueva la razón y voluntad de quienes se relacionaron con Él; en ese sentido, se sabe qué es ser plenamente humano a partir de Jesús. Simons también remarca el hecho de que nuestra vida de fe no consistiría en copiar a Jesús, sino vivir en esta dimensión desde el ámbito y contexto que nos ha tocado vivir en el seguimiento de su forma de vivir. Otros temas que se explican en esta conversación son la inteligencia, libertad y afectividad humana, la solidaridad y la esperanza.
Pola tanam rumput laut Kappaphycus Alvarezii di Pulau Nain Kabupaten Minahasa Utara
Authors: Mudeng Joppy D , Ngangi Edwin L.A
Published: July 2019

Culture pattern of  seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii like cultivation calender will improve the quality dan increase productionof seaweed.  This pattern can be arranged through examining seaweed growth and measuring waters quality. Culture technique used was long line where seaweed was tied at 100 cm from water surface.  Cultivation cycle was done twice a year using five frames measuring 3 x 3 x 2 m3 each and located at five observation stations.  Biophysical of water at each station was measured. Data of biophysic and seaweed growth were measured every two weeks for three months (from July to October 2013).  The present of epiphytes and ice-ice and seaweed pests was also observed.  Research result found the best season for cultivating seaweed at Nain Island was from July to early September while the evidence of ice-ice was high from September to October.  Biophysic and water quality around Nain Island was suitable of the growth of K. Alvarezii.   Keywords: seaweed, cultivation calender, growth, waters condition, ice-ice
Comments on Beryl Colors and on Other Observations Regarding Iron-containing Beryls
Authors: Andersson Lars Olov
Published: July 2019

Trivalent iron ions substituting for Al3+ are present in many beryls and are abundant in dark red and dark blue beryl. These ions do not contribute any color to the crystals. Dark blue beryl also contains octahedral Fe2+ ions, which are involved in giving the crystal the blue color. The colors of dark red and dark blue beryls are very stable. Tetrahedral iron ions are practically absent in these beryls, but are present in other beryls which change their color upon irradiation and heating. Their colors depend more on the radiation and temperature history of the crystals than on chemistry.

Trivalent iron ions substituting for Si4+ also do not contribute color. Rare observations by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) indicate that the charge difference can be compensated either by protons or by alkali ions in the beryl channels. It is shown that about 1% of the Fe3+ ions in dark red beryl substitute for Si4+.

The changing colors of iron-containing beryls have been interpreted in many different ways, but it is likely that they are due to ions substituting for Be2+. The present study suggests that the iron ions do not substitute isomorphically for Be, but that they enter a distorted tetrahedron which consists of one O(1) oxygen and three O(2) oxygens. The center of this T(3) tetrahedron is at (0.432, 0.344, 0.167) in the beryl structure and the distance to the four oxygen ions is 1.84 Å, compared to 1.65 Å in the Be tetrahedron, thus providing more space for the much larger iron ions. This site is so close to the Be site that both sites cannot be simultaneously occupied. Beryl crystals with Fe2+ ions in T(3) are colorless. Irradiation oxidizes these Fe2+ ions to Fe3+, which gives the beryl a yellow color. The aquamarine color is caused by pairs of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in neighboring T(3) tetrahedra. When both configurations are present, the crystal assumes a shade of green, depending on their relative proportion. The electrons released by the irradiation are trapped at sites which are probably associated with water molecules in the beryl channels. These electrons leave the traps upon heating and reduce the Fe3+ ions in the T(3) tetrahedra. The yellow color vanishes and the beryl becomes aquamarine blue. More electrons are released at higher temperatures and reduce both ions of the pairs, leaving the beryl colorless. The oxidation of the iron ions at even higher temperatures is connected with the release of water from the beryl crystal.

A number of small EPR signals in addition to the large signal from octahedral Fe3+ ions in iron-containing beryl crystals are investigated. Many arise from exchanged-coupled Fe3+ ion pairs, and one is related to the yellow color.
Impact of Pulsar and Fallback Sources on Multifrequency Kilonova Models
Authors: Wollaeger Ryan T. , Fryer Chris L. , Fontes Christopher J. , Lippuner Jonas , Vestrand W. Thomas , Mumpower Matthew R. , Korobkin Oleg , Hungerford Aimee L. , Even Wesley P.
Published: July 2019

We explore the impact of pulsar electromagnetic dipole and fallback accretion emission on the luminosity of a suite of kilonova models. The pulsar models are varied over pulsar magnetic field strength, pulsar lifetime, ejecta mass, and elemental abundances; the fallback models are varied over fallback accretion rate and ejecta mass. For the abundances, we use Fe and Nd as representatives of the wind and dynamical ejecta, respectively. We simulate radiative transfer in the ejecta in either 1D spherical or 2D cylindrical spatial geometry. For the grid of 1D simulations, the mass fraction of Nd is 0, 10−4, or 10−3, and the rest is Fe. Our models that fit the bolometric luminosity of AT 2017gfo (the kilonova associated with the first neutron star merger discovered in gravitational waves, GW170817) do not simultaneously fit the B, V, and I time evolution. However, we find that the trends of the evolution in B and V magnitudes are better matched by the fallback model relative to the pulsar model, implying the time-dependence of the remnant source influences the color evolution. Further exploration of the parameter space and model deficiencies is needed before we can describe AT 2017gfo with a remnant source.
Fallback Accretion-powered Supernova Light Curves Based on a Neutrino-driven Explosion Simulation of a 40 M⊙ Star
Authors: Moriya Takashi J. , Müller Bernhard , Chan Conrad , Heger Alexander , Blinnikov Sergei I.
Published: July 2019

We present synthetic light curves (LCs) of fallback-powered supernovae based on a neutrino-driven explosion of a 40 

zero-metallicity star with significant fallback accretion onto a black hole that was previously simulated by Chan et al. until shock breakout. Here, we investigate the LC properties of the explosion after shock breakout for various fallback models. Without extra power from fallback accretion, the LC is that of an SN IIP with a plateau magnitude of around −14 mag and a plateau duration of 40 days. With extra power for the LC from fallback accretion, however, we find that the transient can be significantly more luminous. The LC shape can be SN 1987A-like or Type IIP-like, depending on the efficiency of the fallback engine. If the accretion disk forms soon after the collapse and more than 1% of the accretion energy is released as the central engine, fallback accretion-powered supernovae become as luminous as superluminous supernovae. We suggest that Type II superluminous supernovae with broad hydrogen features could be related to such hydrogen-rich supernovae powered by fallback accretion. In the future, such superluminous supernovae powered by fallback accretion might be found among the supernovae from the first stars in addition to pair-instability supernovae and pulsational pair-instability supernovae.
Theory of the Formation of Forbush Decrease in a Magnetic Cloud: Dependence of Forbush Decrease Characteristics on Magnetic Cloud Parameters
Authors: Petukhova A. S. , Petukhov I. S. , Petukhov S. I.
Published: July 2019

A theory of the formation of Forbush decrease in a magnetic cloud is presented. It is found that the formation mechanism is the energy loss of cosmic rays in a magnetic cloud represented as a moving magnetic loop with a helical field. The Forbush decrease amplitude, the components of the vector, and tensor anisotropies are calculated along the path of the magnetic cloud passing Earth. It is shown that the Forbush decrease characteristics depend on the following magnetic cloud parameters: magnetic field strength, the helical field structure, velocity and the velocity gradient, and geometric dimensions. It is found that the Forbush decrease characteristics mainly depend on the magnetic field strength and the state of the global helical structure of the field.
A Curated Image Parameter Data Set from the Solar Dynamics Observatory Mission
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Azim , Kempton Dustin J. , Angryk Rafal A.
Published: July 2019

We provide a large image parameter data set extracted from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument, for the period of 2011 January through the current date, with the cadence of 6 minutes, for nine wavelength channels. The volume of the data set for each year is just short of 1 TiB. Toward achieving better results in the region classification of active regions and coronal holes, we improve on the performance of a set of 10 image parameters, through an in-depth evaluation of various assumptions that are necessary for calculation of these image parameters. Then, where possible, a method for finding an appropriate setting for the parameter calculations was devised, as well as a validation task to show our improved results. In addition, we include comparisons of JP2 and FITS image formats using supervised classification models, by tuning the parameters specific to the format of the images from which they are extracted and specific to each wavelength. The results of these comparisons show that utilizing JP2 images, which are significantly smaller files, is not detrimental to the region classification task that these parameters were originally intended for. Finally, we compute the tuned parameters on the AIA images and provide a public API (see http://dmlab.cs.gsu.edu/dmlabapi/) to access the data set. This data set can be used in a range of studies on AIA images, such as content-based image retrieval or tracking of solar events, where dimensionality reduction on the images is necessary for feasibility of the tasks.
An Extended Catalog of Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Gravitational Lenses Discovered in DES Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jacobs C. , Collett T. , Glazebrook K. , Buckley-Geer E. , Diehl H. T. , Lin H. , McCarthy C. , Qin A. K. , Odden C. , Escudero M. Caso , Dial P. , Yung V. J. , Gaitsch S. , Pellico A. , Lindgren K. A. , Abbott T. M. C. , Annis J. , Avila S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Costa L. N. da , Vicente J. De , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Krause E. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Vikram V. , Walker A. R. , Zhang Y. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: July 2019

We search Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 imaging for galaxy–galaxy strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural networks, extending previous work with new training sets and covering a wider range of redshifts and colors. We train two neural networks using images of simulated lenses, then use them to score postage-stamp images of 7.9 million sources from DES chosen to have plausible lens colors based on simulations. We examine 1175 of the highest-scored candidates and identify 152 probable or definite lenses. Examining an additional 20,000 images with lower scores, we identify a further 247 probable or definite candidates. After including 86 candidates discovered in earlier searches using neural networks and 26 candidates discovered through visual inspection of blue-near-red objects in the DES catalog, we present a catalog of 511 lens candidates.
La pile Wonder ne s’use que si l’on s’en sert
Authors: Métayer Michel
Published: July 2019

Si la pile Wonder ne s’use que si l’on s’en sert, comme l’affirme la réclame, qu’advient-il d’une œuvre d’art lorsqu’elle est lue, représentée, traduite ? Faut-il la maintenir dans un écrin ? À cette question Walter Benjamin répond que toute œuvre qui en mérite le nom possède au contraire une vie-continuée, que celle-ci peut connaître des formes diverses : au cours du temps, l’usure densifie l’œuvre. Formuler quelle est cette densification en rapport avec le temps où nous la connaissons, telle est la tâche du critique.
Les enjeux Union européenne-Afrique sur les plans économique, démographique et migratoire
Authors: Vérez Jean-Claude
Published: July 2019

Si l’UE et l’Afrique divergent sur de nombreux points, elles ont des défis communs à relever. Tourner le dos à un passé pour le moins complexe est une nécessité : construire ensemble un projet prospère, pacifique et durable est une exigence. Le nouveau partenariat UE-Afrique peut-il y parvenir ? Nous privilégions les perspectives économiques, démographiques et migratoires.
Brexit Linkage in Trade Negotiation: A Strategy for Rejecting the European Union – East African Community Economic Partnership Agreement?
Authors: Mwilima Harrison Kalunga
Published: July 2019

Le vote du Brexit signifiait que le Royaume-Uni pourrait sortir du marché unique européen et mener sa propre politique commerciale. La question est devenue très préoccupante pour certains pays africains qui étaient en train de négocier un accord commercial réciproque avec l’UE. Dans le cas de la Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est (CAE), certains États partenaires ont refusé de signer un accord de partenariat économique (APE) régional UE-CAE en invoquant le problème de l’incertitude due au Brexit. Afin d’aborder la situation, la question posée ici est la suivante : en quoi le lien entre Brexit et les négociations commerciales accroit-il la possibilité de ne pas conclure un accord APE régional avec la CAE? L’article utilise la stratégie de négociation par liens thématiques pour montrer comment le Brexit a fourni à certains pays une nouvelle occasion d’inclure des clauses de négociation supplémentaires, aboutissant ainsi aux refus de signer l’accord commercial de l’UE.
Consultations avancées de médecins hospitaliers en centres de santé : impacts et difficultés identifiées
Authors: Le Cossec Chloé , de Chambine Sophie , Tugaye Amélie
Published: July 2019

Objectif : Des consultations avancées avaient été identifiées lors d’un état des lieux des coopérations ville-hôpital réalisé en 2016 à l’Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris. L’étude réalisée vise à apprécier leurs avantages et inconvénients. Méthodes : Des entretiens ont été menés avec les praticiens réalisant les consultations, les chefs de service, les directions (hôpitaux et centres de santé). Un recueil quantitatif a été réalisé pour sept consultations. Résultats : Ces consultations proposaient des soins en secteur 1 dans des zones défavorisées, le recours à une structure de taille plus humaine que l’hôpital et des délais de rendez-vous parfois plus courts. Pour les praticiens, elles permettaient une diversification de l’activité et une découverte de la médecine de ville. Pour le service hospitalier, elles engendraient le recrutement éventuel de patients et un déport du suivi vers le centre de santé pour les patients vivant à proximité. Il ressort que ces consultations permettent de renforcer des liens ville-hôpital déjà existants et informels. Parmi les difficultés, on note l’absence d’interopérabilité des systèmes d’information, la difficulté à mobiliser certains professionnels et une augmentation de la charge de travail. Conclusion : La mise en place de consultations avancées, si elle peut constituer une première étape dans l’organisation des liens entre la ville et l’hôpital, ne permet pas à elle seule d’assurer un maillage territorial. Les partenariats doivent s’élargir à plusieurs centres mais aussi à d’autres structures de ville. Par ailleurs, des partenariats plus larges permettent de formaliser des parcours de soins.
Modèle d’intégration des agents de santé communautaire dans le système de santé (Bénin, Togo)
Authors: Malou Adom Panaveyi Vicky , Makoutodé Charles Patrick , Ouendo Edgard Marius , Makoutodé Michel
Published: July 2019

Introduction : Au niveau international, une réflexion approfondie sur le rôle des agents de santé communautaire est en cours. L’objectif du travail est d’élaborer un modèle d’intégration des agents de santé communautaire dans le système national de santé. Méthode : L’étude s’est déroulée au Bénin et au Togo. Il s’agissait d’une enquête en grappe qui a concerné les agents de santé communautaire (ASC) au nombre de 385, 238 chefs de villages, 92 responsables de structures de santé sélectionnés par choix raisonné et 6 150 ménages choisis de façon probabiliste. L’analyse des forces, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces des interventions sous directive communautaire a contribué à l’élaboration du modèle. Résultats : Les documents de référence en santé communautaire existaient dans les deux pays. La quasi-totalité (98,4 %) des ASC avait déclaré, avoir reçu une formation avant le début de leur travail. Tous ont une motivation forte pour le travail qu’ils accomplissent. Quant aux chefs de ménage, seuls 31,3 % ont révélé participer à la sélection des ASC de leur localité. L’inexistence de lois reconnaissant le travail des ASC constitue une menace pour leur intégration dans le système de santé. Les principaux éléments proposés dans le modèle sont : l’élaboration du statut des ASC, la rémunération des ASC sur un budget géré par le district sanitaire et alimenté par plusieurs sources. Conclusion : Les ASC ne doivent pas être une alternative délivrant des soins de santé mais une entité à part entière du système national de santé.
The Dimension of the Press Ganey Survey Most Important in Evaluating Patient Satisfaction in the Academic Outpatient Orthopedic Surgery Setting
Authors: Martinez J. Riley , Nakonezny Paul A. , Batty Miles , Wells Joel
Published: July 2019

Many studies have examined modifiable and nonmodifiable patient factors influencing patient satisfaction scores. The objective of this study was to evaluate which of the 6 domains making up the Press Ganey Survey had a greater magnitude of relative importance in the expected relationship with patient satisfaction in outpatient orthopedic surgery encounters. Press Ganey Survey satisfaction scores from 4737 clinical encounters from adult reconstructive surgery, sports medicine, hand, foot and ankle, trauma, and general orthopedic clinics at a single academic center from November 2010 to May 2017 were reviewed. Multiple patient factors, modifiable and nonmodifiable, were recorded. The Press Ganey Survey was divided into 6 domains to evaluate the relative importance of each to total patient satisfaction. The standardized parameter estimates from the multiple linear regression revealed that of the 6 domains making up the Press Ganey Survey, care provider had the greatest magnitude of relative importance in the expected relationship with total patient satisfaction (ß=0.53972). Approximately 80% of the variance in total patient satisfaction was accounted for by the care provider. The relative importance of the remaining 5 domains was as follows: access (ß=0.23483), personal issues (ß=0.16796), moving through the visit (ß=0.16795), nurse/assistant (ß=0.10010), and special services/valet (ß=0.06302). A principal components analysis suggested a 6-factor solution for the Press Ganey total satisfaction scale; care provider was the most dominant factor, and valet parking services was the least. The care provider had the most influence on the patient's overall satisfaction. Altogether, access, personal issues, moving through the visit, nurse/assistant, and special services/valet accounted for only approximately 20% of the total variance in patient satisfaction. This knowledge can be used by providers in the current health care climate, where patient consumerism is developing into the driver of care. This could allow resources to be focused on areas of influence, yielding a greater impact on patient satisfaction scores. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(4):198–204.]
Extraocular and Intraocular Infections Following Strabismus Surgery: A Review
Authors: Ing Malcolm R. , Shortell Justin , Golez Jamie
Published: July 2019

An extensive literature review of various types of infections following strabismus surgery was facilitated by using the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar. In both search engines, the phrases “infection following strabismus surgery,” “infection strabismus surgery,” “complications of strabismus surgery,” “endophthalmitis strabismus surgery,” and “strabismus scleral perforation” were used for the review. The type of infection, surface involved, and site of the infection determined the type of therapy. Infections involving deeper tissues, such as periocular infection or orbital cellulitis, required systemic therapy. Sub-Tenon's abscesses required incision and drainage, as well as systemic antibiotics. The development of endophthalmitis following strabismus surgery was rare, but was usually devastating to the visual result. Symptoms of an adverse intraocular condition began by mean postoperative day 3, but the definitive diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis was not made until mean postoperative day 6. Despite early detection of this latter type of infection and early surgical intervention with vitreous paracentesis and intraocular injection of antibiotics, the visual result was extremely poor in more than two-thirds of the reported cases. Although there is no known way to truly prevent all infections following strabismus surgery, several techniques may be prudent for the strabismus surgeon to adopt to decrease the bacterial load and minimize the risk of infection. The surgeon should be encouraged to consider preoperative use of povidone-iodine on the operative field and avoid scleral perforation during surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):214–221.]
Colombie : Processus de paix, subversion du genre et résistances
Authors: González Olga L
Published: July 2019

Fin 2016, après quatre ans de pourparlers dans des circonstances difficiles, la guérilla de filiation marxiste Forces Armées Révolutionnaires de Colombie, FARC, et le gouvernement colombien sont parvenus à un accord de paix. Un des aspects méconnus de cet accord de paix est la place prise par les « questions LGBT ». Celles-ci sont devenues centrales dans le débat, notamment lors du référendum qui devait approuver cet accord de paix en octobre 2016 et qui a été rejeté par la majorité des votants. Dans ce papier, nous montrons que la question du « genre » est devenue une variable structurelle dans la vie de ce pays. Nous affirmons que pour comprendre la crispation autour de cette question, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte l’histoire et l’évolution des églises et des partis catholiques et évangéliques, ainsi que la place qu’ont aujourd’hui les organisations de défense des droits des personnes LGBT. Le papier montre comment le travail des organisations féministes a ouvert le chemin, à La Havane (lieu des pourparlers), aux organisations travaillant pour les droits LGBT. Il analyse comment la dimension du « genre » a été intégrée au sein de l’académie et des ONG pour aborder les conséquences du conflit. Il retrace les questions qui se posent lorsque la « plus vieille guérilla du monde » doit compter parmi ses alliés politiques avec des secteurs qui mettent en avant le « genre » et la « diversité sexuelle », alors qu’elle-même est en cause pour des agissements sexistes ou homophobes. Enfin, le papier discute les défis posés par le « genre » et montre pourquoi la diversité sexuelle sera une question décisive dans le débat politique et sociétal en Colombie.
“Yo no me voy a casar, digo, yo quiero divertirme”. Resistir siendo mujeres solas
Authors: Garcia Nuria Jiménez
Published: July 2019

El proceso de ser hombre o mujer está inmerso en una trama, una red de relaciones, representaciones, discursos, prácticas, poderes, dominios, siempre atravesados por tiempo y espacio (diferenciados genéricamente). En este trabajo la construcción de género se sustenta y mantiene gracias a la relación que se da entre la «acción-discurso» y la «acción-práctica» Una acción discursiva que crea una «norma» de ser mujer, de comportarse, una «norma» que dispone cómo y cuándo deben ocuparse los espacios, en qué, cómo y dónde deben trabajar las mujeres y sobre todo cómo deben ser sus relaciones con los hombres. Y una acción práctica que por un lado mantiene esa «norma», y por otro la contradice constantemente, dejando huecos y grietas por los que algunas de estas mujeres se introducen, creando estrategias improvisadas de escape sobre los símbolos culturales más estáticos y férreos que mantienen las normas y los modelos. Lo que me propongo analizar en este artículo es cómo las mujeres «morenas» de la Costa Chica de Oaxaca, México, constituyen estrategias (conscientes e inconscientes) de escape de los mecanismos de normativización y control impuestos por las prácticas patriarcales que se ejercen en esta zona, siendo una de estas el establecimiento de relaciones «a-normales» dentro de las que se incluyen las «no-relaciones» con los hombres.
Web Text Categorization Based on Statistical Merging Algorithm in Big Data Environment
Authors: Wang Rujuan , Wang Gang
Published: July 2019

In the field of modern information technology, how to find information quickly, accurately and comprehensively that users really needed has become the focus of research in this field. In this article, a feature selection method based on a complex network is proposed for the structure and content characteristics of large-scale web text information. The preprocessed web text is converted into a complex network. The nodes in the network correspond to the entries in the text. The edges of the network correspond to the links between the entries in the text, and the degree of nodes and the aggregation system are used. Second, the text classification method is studied from the point of view of data sampling, and a text classification method based on density statistics is proposed. This method uses not only the density information of the text feature set in the classification process, but also the use of statistical merging criteria to get the text. The difference information of each feature has a better classification effect for large text collections.
Convolutional Neural Network Based American Sign Language Static Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Ahuja Ravinder , Jain Daksh , Sachdeva Deepanshu , Garg Archit , Rajput Chirag
Published: July 2019

Communicating through hand gestures with each other is simply called the language of signs. It is an acceptable language for communication among deaf and dumb people in this society. The society of the deaf and dumb admits a lot of obstacles in day to day life in communicating with their acquaintances. The most recent study done by the World Health Organization reports that very large section (around 360 million folks) present in the world have hearing loss, i.e. 5.3% of the earth's total population. This gives us a need for the invention of an automated system which converts hand gestures into meaningful words and sentences. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used on 24 hand signals of American Sign Language in order to enhance the ease of communication. OpenCV was used in order to follow up on further execution techniques like image preprocessing. The results demonstrated that CNN has an accuracy of 99.7% utilizing the database found on kaggle.com.
Redesign of Prior Learning Assessment in an Award-Winning Degree Completion Program
Authors: Boden Carrie J. , Cherrstrom Catherine A. , Sherron Todd
Published: July 2019

In the 21st century economic landscape, many argue the importance of a college degree, as entry into many occupations now requires advanced credentials. Pursuing a college degree costs time and money, often presenting barriers to those pursuing the dream. Prior learning assessment (PLA) offers a solution to spend less time and money earning a college degree by documenting outside learning. PLA shortens time-to-degree, reduces tuition costs, supports student persistence, and boosts degree completion, particularly for adult learners (non- and post-traditional students) and underserved populations. The purpose of this article was to examine PLA within an award-winning degree completion program primarily serving adult learners in order to improve practice. Aligned with the Council for Adult and Experiential Learning's (CAEL) standards for assessing learning, this article discusses the degree completion program, PLA course and competency portfolio, block credit competency model and block credit competency model and portfolio assessment, program administration, and implications.
Five Keys from the Past to the Future of CALL
Authors: Hubbard Philip
Published: July 2019

Current trends in CALL such as mobile learning, gamification, and use of social media appear to represent major shifts in the digital language learning landscape. However, these and other applications of technology to mediate language learning may be informed by reflecting not only on the present but perhaps more importantly on relevant insights from past research and practice. This article draws on selected studies and the author's experience to lay out five key lessons learned over more than three decades in CALL. These lessons involve understanding: 1) the cycle of technology adoption; 2) the dimensions of technology mediation in the language learning process; 3) the promise and limitations of CALL research; 4) the critical importance of teacher education and professional development in an age of continuous change; and 5) the need for learner training for effective technology use. Teachers, researchers, and developers alike are encouraged to reflect on these lessons as they create and seek to control the technologies, tasks, and activities of the future.
A Novel Concept of Biomorphic Hyper-Redundant Snake Robot
Authors: Shethwala Yash Dinesh , Patel Ravi Pravinbhai , Shah Darshankumar Rajendrakumar , Sheth Saurin M.
Published: July 2019

Disaster is a sudden accident or a natural calamity that causes great damage or loss of life and property. In any disastrous conditions, a lot of manpower is wasted and still unable to save some lives. A biomorphic hyper-redundant snake-like robot may help in such situations. Its excellent property of getting into small spaces and ability to traverse along any surface can be very helpful in search and rescue operations. These robots can help to locate humans in a disaster and provide precise information about its condition to rescuers. It can also be used in other domains like military, underwater, aerospace, and nuclear. In this research, the mechanical modelling and simulation of snake robot body have been carried out. Different speeds have been achieved on various surfaces where the snake robot has to traverse. An algorithm is proposed for human detection based on a YOLO algorithm. PCB design for the power supply is carried out and two types of gait motion (lateral undulation and side winding) have been achieved by the snake robot.
A Novel Congestion Avoidance Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles Assessed by Queue Modeling
Authors: Kotobi Khashayar , Sartipi Mina
Published: July 2019

Autonomous vehicle (AV) fleet management is one of the major aspects of AV development that needs to be standardized before AV deployment. There has been no consensus on whether AV deployment in general will be beneficial or detrimental in terms of road congestion. There are similarities between packet transmission in computer networks and AV transportation in road networks. In this work, the authors argue that congestion avoidance algorithms used in computer networks can be applied for AV fleet management. Authors modify and evaluate a novel adaptation of additive increase and multiplicative decrease (AMID) congestion avoidance algorithm. The authors propose assigning different priorities to transportation tasks in order to facilitate sharing the limited resources in such as usage of the road network. This will be modeled and assessed using a queueing model based on AVs arrival distribution. This will result in a load balancing paradigm that can be used to share and manage limited resources. Then, by using numerical study authors merge congestion avoidance and load balancing to analyze the authors' scheme in term of road network throughput (number of cars in network for a given time) for AV fleet management. Their evaluation demonstrates the improvement in terms of road network throughput.
Search Engine Advertising Perceived Effectiveness
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamed , Abedin Babak , Aurum Aybüke , D'Ambra John
Published: July 2019

Search engine advertising (SEA), in which businesses (or advertisers) bid on keywords and pay search engine providers (e.g. Google) to get a secure place on the first page of search results, is a prominent source of revenue for search engine companies, and an effective method for businesses to promote their visibility on the Web. SEA is a complex and dynamic form of advertising and managing it effectively is still a challenge for many businesses, particularly smaller businesses. Building upon resource-based theory, this study has developed a context-specific model for understanding advertisers' competency factors that influence SEA effectiveness. Using structural equation modelling and survey data collected from 142 businesses, this research has found that SEA effectiveness is influenced by organizations' ability to manage keywords and bids, ability to analyse and monitor outcomes, advertising expertise, commitment to SEA task, and the use of external experts. Moderating relationships between the factors have been examined, and the implications of the findings for both academics and practitioners have been discussed.
Extensive 99% Killer Defect Free 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layer toward High Current Large Chip Devices
Authors: Wada Keiji , Miyase Takaya , Itoh Hironori , Hori Tsutomu , Doi Hideyuki , Furumai Masaki
Published: July 2019

Epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC on 150 mm wafers using 3 x 150 mm multi-wafer CVD has been investigated to realize extremely low defect density on the epitaxial layer in order to achieve stable fabrication of high current devices with large die size. By optimizing the epitaxial growth conditions as well as the improved procedures for the inside the furnace to remain cleaned stably for cumulative growth processes, we have demonstrated an extensive 99% defect free epitaxial inlayer in a 5 mm x 5 mm block evaluation which is having excellent doping and thickness uniformity simultaneously.
Basal Plane Dislocation Conversion Enhancement in 4H-SiC Homo-Epitaxial Layers by Ion Implantation into the Wafer
Authors: Heidorn Christian , Esteve Romain , Höchbauer Tobias , Krieger Michael , Weber Heiko B. , Rupp Roland
Published: July 2019

We studied the impact of ion implantation into the wafer substrate prior to the epitaxy process on the basal plane dislocation conversion behavior during epitaxial layer growth. Defect density measurements show an enhancing effect of the ion implantation on the basal plane dislocation to threading edge dislocation conversion. Analysis of the lateral conversion distribution, the stress field in the material as well as the wafer topography at the onset of epitaxial growth lead us to believe, that stresses in the epitaxy layer cause the enhanced basal plane dislocation conversion.