bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Analysis on the Construction Project of the Basement Building Under Jalan Pemuda-Yos Sudarso, Surabaya
Authors: Djatnika Suntana Sukma , Witjaksana Budi , Oetomo Wateno , W. Bambang
Published: December 2019

The basement project that will build under the Pemuda-Yos Sudarso Surabaya road located in the center of Surabaya and the Class A cultural heritage area. The condition is likely to cause many problems during the construction. Such problems could be a risk factor and would affect the completion of the outcome of the work. Therefore the identification of risks to determine how to control risk becomes very important to improve the successful implementation of the project. This study uses questionnaire distributing instruments for respondents and interviews of resource persons deemed competent for risk allocation and risk response. Determination of risk identification variables based on common risk checking where initial risk identification is compiled based on interviews with competent resource persons, previous theoretical and research studies. Data analysis technique is assisted by probability impact matrix and statistical calculation to measure correlation level with Spearman rank followed by an interview with a resource to confirm risk allocation and risk response technique. There identified 28 (twenty-eight) risks; there are 4 (four) risks affecting the cost of completion of the project that is dominant (Unacceptable) and 16 (six)) risks including the category of being or not expected (Undesirable). For the risk of impacting project completion time, there are 5 (five) dominant risks and 17 (seventeen) risks including medium or unexpected category. From the analysis, there are 16 (sixteen) risks that correlate to cost and 23 (twenty-three) risks that correlate to the project completion time. There are 9 (nine) risks allocated by Owner, 4 (four) risks allocated by Design Consultant 8 (eight) risks ownership of Contractor, 1 (one) risk allocation of Supervisory Consultant/CM, 4 (four) risks allocated by Service Provider (Designer, Supervisor / CM, & Contractor), 4 (four) risks as joint risks.
Study for Integration of Multi Modal Biometric Personal Identification Using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Parameter
Authors: Budiman Priatna Ahmad , Tresnawati Teni , Alamsyah Ahmad Tossin , Riandini
Published: December 2019

Authentication and Identification is primary part of biometric technology. Currently, electrocardiogram (ECG) is not only being used as a diagnostic tool for clinical purposes, but also as a new biometric tool for high level security system because of its liveliness and uniqueness that is hard to imitate and manipulate. There are many fiducial (signal mark) that is classified from ECG morphology (QRS Complex, P, T waves) has already been researched for this purpose. For non fiducial, many researches are focus on dynamic character from heartbeat (ECG Signal). Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis is part of non fiducial classifier. This paper reviews Heart Rate Variability analysis (time and frequency domain) as part of multi matches, one of scenario from multimodal biometric. Sample of person’s heartbeat signal is taken from ECG Database MIT-BIH (MIT and Harvard) and the result of every parameter will be analyzed by Biometric Performance Standards Tools (ISO/IEC IS 19795-1) such as: False Non-Match Rate (FNMR), False Match Rate (FMR) and Thresholds EER (Equal Error Rate). Analysis should show accuracy of multi matches Heart Rate Variability (HRV). As integrator tool, LabView is used to collect offline ECG, process the data and generate HRV Analysis.
Campus Intellectual Product Business Development Program (PPUPIK): Utilization of Herbs as Phytobiotic in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Sapsuha Yusri , Syafie Yunus , Sjafani Nur , Ishak Hasriani
Published: December 2019

The implementation of PPUPIK Organic Broiler aims at maximizing the use of agricultural and fisheries wastes in North Maluku area as feed for broiler in order to minimize the feed costs as well as utilizing herbs such as turmeric (Curcuma domestica), Java ginger (Curcuma xantharrhiza Roxb), nutmeg leaves (Myristica frangrans Houtt) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) as phytobiotic in place of antibiotic to allow the production of healthy, safe-to-consume organic broiler chickens. The extensive use of antibiotic results in residue in animal husbandry products. The resistence of pathogenic microbe in humans to antibiotic has been the main health issue in the society. Animal husbandry industry should reduce the use of antibiotic in their production animals and find another alternative in controlling diseases to replace the use of antibiotic. Herbs can be used as a phytobiotic in place of antibiotic. The activity results show that the use of agricultural and fisheries wastes as well as herbs in feed can increase the broiler chicken’s productivity and reduce production costs.
Highly Improved Thermionic Energy Converter
Authors: De D. K. , Olawole O. C. , Oyedepo S. O. , Joel E. S. , Olawole O. F. , Emetere M. E. , Omeje M , Ikono U I , Nguyen H M
Published: December 2019

Thermionic energy converter (TEC) has recently received significant attention, for it holds potential for clean energy generation with a very high theoretical conversion efficiency (60%). For the latter to be achieved, some of the key hurdles are to be overcome. This paper discusses all these key hurdles along with modelling of solar energy conversion using a TEC with nano-materials and metals, using the modified Richardson-Dushman equation, which best describes the thermionic emission current density from these materials. Using two scenarios: allowing natural heat radiation from the back surface of the collector and using controlled heat collection from the collector to maintain it at a fixed temperature. We then discuss results of simulation of the conversion efficiency as a function of temperatures of emitter and collector, work functions and Fermi energy of emitter and collector at absolute zero temperature, solar insolation, the radius of parabolic concentrator and emissivity of radiating surfaces. We discuss the impact of neglecting the radiation losses on the efficiency evaluation as has been done by other workers recently. We suggest some innovative ways to reduce significantly the space charge effect to make a solar TEC a reality.
Comparative Studies of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Predictive Capacity of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) on Mild Steel Corrosion Inhibition using Water Hyacinth as an Inhibitor
Authors: Okewale A. O. , Omoruwuo F. , Adesina O. A.
Published: December 2019

Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) on modeling and optimization of corrosion inhibition efficiencies of mild steel using water hyacinth as an inhibitor was carried out in this work. The optimization of the process was done using generic algorithm (GA) and RSM which were subsequently compared. The optimum inhibition efficiency predicted were 87.675924% and 82.89% by ANN and RSM respectively. The value of R2obtained were 0.9695 and 0.85118 for ANN and RSM models respectively while RMSE values of 3.90 and 4.3089 were gotten for RSM and ANN models respectively. The model regression indicated that RSM best fit the experimental data thus perform better on mild steel corrosion inhibition.
Characterization of a Finned Heat Sink for a Power Inverter
Authors: Onoroh F. , Adewumi O. O. , Ogbonnaya M.
Published: December 2019

Heat is a by-product which is constantly being generated in the operation of a power inverter and if left unchecked will inevitably lead to the damage of the device. Hence a means to efficiently dissipate this heat has to be employed. In this research, a heat sink is mathematically modelled and its thermal performance was evaluated using ANSYS software and experimentally validated. The optimisation of the heat sink was done with the aid of the FMINCON optimization tool in MATLAB. A K-type thermocouple and a three channel temperature logger, MTM-380SD, with real time data logger were used to obtain temperature data of the heat sink for the purpose of experimental validation. The optimized heat sink parameters are heat sink length and width, number of fins, base thickness, fin height, thickness and spacing. Results show that the percentage deviation between the simulation and experimental temperature results for a pulse load of 300W is 8%, for a pulse load of 460W is 3%, for a pulse load of 600W is 8%, for a pulse load of 1015W is 2%. The maximum simulated and experimented temperatures are 84°C and 85.4°C. Thus the inverter can be safely and reliably operated.
Corrosion propagation challenges of mild steel in industrial operations and response to problem definition
Authors: Sunday Isaac Fayomi Ojo , Patricia Idowu Popoola Abimbola
Published: December 2019

The continuous use of mild steel in major industrial operations is ever uprising due to many engineering factor in materials selection. This mini review gives a cogent corrosion perspective of mild steel, its problem definition and responses for safety and technological progress purposes.
Surface protection progresses: A paradigm shift on composite deposition and matrixes
Authors: Sunday Isaac Fayomi Ojo , Patricia Idowu Popoola Abimbola
Published: December 2019

In searching for solutions to minimize the challenge of metallic corrosion, surface treatment becomes profitable tool. Electrochemical deposition has, over recent decades, evolved from an art to an exact science. This development is seen to be responsible for the ever-increasing number and widening types of applications of this branch of practical science and engineering. Composite and nanocomposite alloys have been the focus of interest for many manufacturing systems, a great curiosity started with automobile industry, food industry, aeronautic and aerospace industries, where the weight to density fraction was of necessity. This paper seeks to unveil deposition novel engineering materials and technology by various author.
Development Of An Improved Pepper Grinding Machine Using Stainless Steel
Authors: Edun B.M , Ayodele Noiki , Afolalu S.A
Published: December 2019

A prototype of a new improved pepper grinding machine was designed using locally available materials to solve the problem of metal contamination, corrosion effect from machine parts and the manual means of applying water among other problems associated with the conventional pepper grinding machines that are used in Nigeria. It is designed to reduce noise pollution and to enhance the hygienic processing of pepper as well as individual entrepreneur for rendering milling services in the neighborhood and market place thereby creating employment for Nigerians. Food crops like tomatoes, cowpeas, maize and soybeans can also be milled using the machine. The machine consists of a hopper, water tank, 2hp electric motor, frame, shaft, bearing, grinding plate, the driving and driven pullets, v- belt, water sprinkler, discharge chute and water tap. The peppers are meant to be loaded into the hopper and to be collected through the discharge chute. The water from the water tank is being regulated by the tap and sprinkled on the pepper through the perforated pipe at interval depending on the speed of the machine. The average grinding capacity and grinding efficiency were determined as 2kg, 3kg, 4kg, 5kg, 6kg and 85% respectively. There was a significant difference (p< 0.05) between the grinding capacity and efficiency of the machine with water sprinkler and that of manual watering. The grinding capacity and efficiency of the machine with water sprinkler was higher when compared to the grinding capacity and efficiency of manual watering. The machine was observed to perform effectively and therefore, recommended for domestic and commercial use by the grinders in the market place.
The Effects of Heat Generation on Cutting Tool and Machined Workpiece
Authors: Ogedengbe T.S. , Okediji A. P. , Yussouf A. A. , Aderoba O. A. , Abiola O. A. , Alabi I. O. , Alonge O. I.
Published: December 2019

Metal cutting processes usually cause heat generation at the cutting zone (around the workpiece-tool intersection). The heat generated during these processes may cause different effects on both the workpiece and tool, this in turn may affect the finished product and the general performance of the machined piece. In this study, a review was done on various types of machining conditions available, effects of heat generated on the workpiece and tool, and the approaches adopted to reduce this heat at cutting zones. This study also focuses on the simulation of percentage ratio of heat removal. To handle the simulation, various approaches of heat removal methods were used to get the percentage ratio using the ansys version 19.1 software. It was discovered that heat generation causes two major types of wear on the tool, crater and flank wear, resulting in the reduction of cutting tool life as well as dimensional inaccuracy, surface damage and severe corrosion cases on the workpiece. Various heat reduction methods and coolant application types were as well studied and their merits and demerits were discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of PSF/PES composite membranes for use in oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Rameetse M.S , Aberefa O.A , Daramola M.O
Published: December 2019

Environmental sustainability requires development of environmentally benign and energy efficient technology for treatment and disposal of wastewater. Membrane technology has emerged as a highly viable method for water treatment throughout the years. However, their limited commercial application has prompted a lot of researchers to explore different approaches to modify the membranes to enhance their performance. Polymer blending is one of the modifying techniques currently being explored to develop materials with unique anticipated properties depending on the type of membrane needed. This technique has shown improvement in the quality of the membrane by enhancing the mechanical strength as well as the performance of the membrane. In this study, blended polysulfone (PSF) and polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were synthesized at different PSF:PES ratios (100%:0%, 0%:100%, 50%:50%, 80%:20%, 20%:80% and 25%:75%) using N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent via the phase inversion method. The quality and integrity of the membranes were checked via Scanning electron microscopy (for morphology); Thermogravimetric analysis (for thermal stability), Atomic force microscopy (for surface nature) and nanotensile measurement for mechanical strength. The flux, % rejection and porosity as the performance criteria of membranes showed a massive improvement in majority of the blended membranes than in pure PES and PSF membranes. AFM images indicated lower roughness in the pure PSF membrane as compared to the blended membranes. The tensile strength only improved on the 25%:75% membrane while the elasticity increased with an increase in PES concentration in the blended membranes. These results demonstrate the diversity of blending polymeric membranes to modify specific properties for desired function and highlight the possibility of more commercial application.
The Impact Of Technological Innovation On Production
Authors: Fayomi O. S. I. , Adelakun J.O , Babaremu K.O.
Published: December 2019

Technological Innovation which implies the development of new thoughts, items, administrations, and procedures that will improve technology solutions has provided a better lifestyle by improving the standard of living in the area of production. Due to the rapid developments made by humankind in terms of scientific and technological innovations, which signaled the industrial revolution, and growth of mega-industries across the turn of 20th century which although lead to an increase in standard of living, coupled with an unprecedented economic growth rate and a rapid increase in population growth rate around the world, has led humanity to stretch and put serious strain on the natural resources and environmental limits of the earth. The deficiencies in production has gradually been combated but it was discovered that innovation from technological bearing has played a significant role in the productivity outcomes of most production processes. This paper focuses on brief views on technological innovation and the impact of construction technology, agriculture technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology and health biotechnology on production
Disaster Management: A Perspective From Production Processes
Authors: Fayomi O. S. I. , Babaremu K.O. , Adelakun J.O
Published: December 2019

In most production and manufacturing industries, the occurrence of disasters during production processes it worthy of note. Production takes place regularly on a daily basis via various processes that makes up for a complete production chain. These processes are often not well followed, hence leading to disasters. These disasters lead to a lot of damage in the industry as well as losses, sometimes, death occurs. The occurrence of these disasters could be as a result of accident, negligence or incompetence. There are other surrounding factors too. This paper is to focus on an overview of disaster related to production process. The attributes include: Disaster Management Function (prevention and mitigation), Time of disaster (before, during and after), Type of Disaster (accidents, fire). This paper under the mitigation area, describes the collaboration of Higher Education with the industry in educating workers and firms involved in production concerning the importance of disaster management. It is a field of study that should never be overlooked by any firm into production processes.
Performance Evaluation of Abia Clay with Natural Polymers in Water-Based Drilling Fluid Development
Authors: O Jimoh M. , Salawudeen T. O. , Arinkoola A. O. , Daramola M. O.
Published: December 2019

The quest for local content in the oil and gas industry for sustainability of materials and resources has necessitated further research on the use of Nigerian clays and locally sourced materials as additives in drilling fluid formulation to substitute the imported bentonite and synthetic additives currently used in natural oil and gas exploration. In this study, Uturu clay was treated using NaOH, NaHCO3, KOH and NaCO3 to improve its suitability for drilling fluid formulation. The clay sample was characterized using particle size analyzer (for particle size distribution), X-ray diffraction (for purity and crystallographic patterns), Fourier Transform infrared for surface chemistry. Water-based drilling fluid was developed using the characterized Uturu clay as the main composition and other four locally source natural polymer namely cassava starch, breadfruit starch, bush mango seed and corn fibre as rheology modifiers. It was found that clay treatment did not have significant effect on spud mud rheology. Clay characterization reveals that the untreated clay consists mainly of montmorillonite with traces of kaolinite and quartz. Preliminary drilling fluid formulation shows that rheological properties were significantly improved with the addition of the natural polymers. In addition, the rheological data were best described using power law model. Further optimization study is required to achieve optimum formulation comparable to the American Petroleum Institute recommendations and this investigation is ongoing in our lab and results will be communicated in another article.
Thermo-decompositional Analysis of Sawdust Blends of Invasive Alien Plants
Authors: Okoro N.M. , Harding K.G. , Daramola M.O.
Published: December 2019

This study examined the effect of blending two invasive wood species of distinct physical and chemical properties, maximum char yields and rates of decomposition, on their thermal behaviour towards sustainable production of energy. To evaluate their potential use for production of briquettes/pellets, an examination of the dynamic thermogravimetry of sawdust blends of bugweed, a low density, fast-growing fibrous invasive shrub with eucalyptus wood was conducted. Individual blends in ratios of 50:50 (BUG50), 30:70 (BUG30) and 70:30 (BUG70) were tested under a pyrolysis condition and also in oxidized atmosphere to examine their combustion behaviours at a constant heating rate. Results were compared to individual results of 100% bugweed sawdust (BUG100) and 100% eucalyptus sawdust (BUG0) as control. The pyrolysis test on the blended samples reveal an increase in maximum char mass yield of up to 17% from that observed in BUG100. Meanwhile, amongst all blends, BUG70 exhibited the least maximum char yield of 34.9% and the highest ash residue of 4.3%. The high ash residue in BUG70 was believed to distort its char combustion. The lowest maximum peak rate of volatilization achieved amongst all blends was 6.6%/min by BUG50 and that of the char decomposition was as low as 2%/min for BUG30. Remarkably, the peak and final decomposition temperatures of all three blends occurred at higher temperatures than those of BUG100, in the pyrolysis test. Results of their combustion tests conducted, reveal thermograms with profiles similar to those observed during the pyrolysis tests. However, there was a general decrease in the peak and final combustion temperatures from those observed during the pyrolysis test of the samples. BUG30 exhibited good char combustion stability across a wide temperature range and at higher combustion temperatures than BUG50 and BUG70. No significant differences were observed in the heating values of all samples tested.
Prediction of Emissions and Profits from a Biomass, Tyre, and Coal Fired Co-Gasification CHP Plant Using Artificial Neural Network: Nigerian and South African Perspectives
Authors: Ozonoh M. , Aniokete T.C. , Oboirien B. O. , Udeh B.C. , Yoro K.O. , Daramola M.O.
Published: December 2019

The local sourcing of feedstock for energy generation will reduce costs in the power plant, and promote energy sustainability. Most times, potential investors in this area show interest about understanding the profitability of the business because, the information boosts the confidence of the investors in the project, and gives them the opportunity of making a short and long term plans about the business. The emissions arising from the energy plant is an important aspect of the venture that requires proper attention, otherwise the costs of emission control may consume a greater part of the profit, hence rendering the business un-viable. Nigeria and South Africa (SA) have abundant biomass (e.g. corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, & pine saw dust) coal and tyre that can be used as fuel in an energy plant. A 10 MW CHP plant was fired with coal and biomass, and tyre obtained from Nigeria and South Africa (SA) respectively, at ratios of 1:1, 3:2, and 4:1 to study the emissions and profits in the plant. An empirical model was employed to estimate the annual amount of feedstock and feed rate required for the plant, after which, an artificial neural network (ANN); Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was used to predict the emissions and profits in the plant for 20-year-investment period with feedstock costing (WFC) and without feedstock costing (WOFC). The profit obtained from the South African feedstock, WFC and WOFC; produced about 45.18 % and 36.83 % ($3, 900, 000.07 and $3, 179, 184.49) higher profits than the Nigerian feedstock, but the CO, NOX, & SO2 emissions from Nigerian feedstock were lower than that of SA. The findings from this study could be used as a platform for decision making by potential investors and stake-holders, and further research and development in the area.
An Overview of Corrosion Inhibition using Green and Drug Inhibitors
Authors: Fayomi O S I , Akande I G , Nsikak U
Published: December 2019

Corrosion has been a predominate problem for industries ranging from oil and gas to automobile. Various methods have been utilized to combat this phenomenon, some methods have causes great environmental effect that are harmful to humans. This has necessitated the use of green corrosion inhibitors. This review paper delves into the subject matter and reports the inhibition efficiency of green corrosion inhibitors that have been used for combating corrosion, because of their eco-friendly nature.
Brief review on cathodoluminescence application in solid-state devices
Authors: Emetere M.E , Abodunrin J.T , Fayomi O.O , Iroham C.O
Published: December 2019

In this review, the chronological advances of solid state lighting (SSL) alongside the theoretical predictions was examined. The discussion includes its crystallographic orientations, substrate growth, colour rendering, misfit dislocations, quantum well fabrication, stacking fault and energy efficiency. It has been discovered that the challenges confronting the potential of SSL devices may not just be ambient temperature of the operating environment or the safe limits of the blue/white-light hazard. This paper sheds lighter on the physics responsible for the SSL white lighting, wave function lapping at different crystallographic orientations and stress relaxation limits of quantum well (QW) heterointerfaces.
Studies of the In-Situ Epoxidation of Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis)Seed Oil by Performic Acid
Authors: Obanla O.R. , Udonne J.D. , Ajani O.O. , Ojewumi M.E. , Omodara O.J. , Oni B.A.
Published: December 2019

Studies on the epoxidation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil, a renewable source with formic acid was performed in the presence of 30% hydrogen peroxide at a of temperature 40, 50, 60, 70 °C. The process is favoured by an increase in temperature forming a product with high oxirane content which is as a result of mole ratios of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Products of high oxirane content are commercialy viable in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Natural rubber and other products can be obtained from this in- situ technique. Studies in this research shows that the rate of epoxidation increases with an increase in temperature.Oxirane values of 2.30, 3.62 and 4.73 for the various temperature. However high oxirane content of 6.22 was obtained at 70 °C which is in line with literature. FTIR analysis was also carried out on the epoxidized rubber seed oil which shows the peaks of oxirane cleavage.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Thermostat Controlled Rotary Dryer for Agricultural Produce
Authors: Adeodu A. O. , Akinola S. O. , A Daniyan I. , Akinlosola D. O. , R Oloyede O. , O Alufa O.
Published: December 2019

Drying is ubiquitously used operation that improves on storage life of agricultural produce, either solid, liquid or slurry. Most dryers with relatively advanced technologies are expensive while the cheaper ones are manually regulated. This paper aimed at development of a direct and con-current rotary dryer that uses rolling action with hot air to effectively remove moisture from materials. The machine consists of a hopper as passage into dryer, dryer shell, heater housing, product discharge unit, shell flight, air blower for hot air distribution, thermostat for temperature regulation, temperature probe to sense the temperature from the heater as well as variable speed electric motor for power transmission. The novelty of the design is the integration of temperature regulator to the heating unit to make it thermostat-controlled. The materials for the design were selected based on strength, availability and economic value. The design calculations were done using existing machine design theories to obtain relevant design parameters. The performance evaluation showed that the machine is capable of drying various agricultural produce, say rice and yam from their initial moisture content levels of 85 and 75 % to 10 and 7 % final moisture content level respectively, at the rate of 1.2 kg/hr with the inlet air temperatures of 120° C for yam and 135 ° C for rice with humidity of 0.015. The use of machine would help to regulate drying temperature and reduce the need to manually monitor the drying process thus relieving mostly rural uses some effort in labour.
Workshop Queue System Modification Through Multi Priority Strategy
Authors: Okonkwo U. C. , Okokpujie I. P. , Odo B. N. , Fayomi O. S. I.
Published: December 2019

This research focused on the modification of a queuing system in a workshop practice that repairs crankshafts using multi priority strategy. The random distribution of the inter arrival time of the crankshafts as well as the service time were statistically determined using Chi square goodness of fit test. The results obtained show that all the classes conform to Poisson distribution. For the non-preemptive priority, the mean waiting time in queue results for the first, second and third classes are 0.066, 0.09 and 0.224 day, respectively, while for the preemptive priority the three classes show 0.007, 0.036 and 0.258. Besides, the mean waiting time in queue for no priority system is 0.17 day. Arrivals that are of higher priority classes in preemptive priority systems enjoy huge improvement when compared with non-preemptive system. On the other hand, the improvement gained in higher priority classes has detrimental effect on the low priority class. Similar scenario plays out when the results of the mean waiting time in the system was analyzed. It is therefore advocated that priority strategy should be adopted for a system that may have urgent or semi-urgent jobs among the pool of jobs that needs repair to avoid possible losses arising from frequent reneging or balking of such jobs.
GIXRD, Raman and Surface analysis of TiC thin film coating produced by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Abegunde O.O. , Akinlabi E.T. , Oladijo O.P.
Published: December 2019

In this research, TiC thin films were successfully deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate using RF magnetron sputtering under different RF power, temperature and sputtering time. The resulting properties of TiC thin film were characterized using Grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer (GIXRD), Raman spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and optical profilometer for structural and surface morphology of the thin film. The results show that the properties of the TiC thin film were affected by the RF magnetron sputtering parameters. Preferential orientation (200) plane was noticed for all the coating. The Raman analysis revealed the presence of both D- mode which is as a result of structural disorder and G-mode which indicates presence of surface impurities and defects at RF power of 150 W. The thin films become homogeneous and densely packed at RF power of 200 W. The surface roughness was also investigated. The least surface roughness was found at RF Power of 200 W, time of 2.5 Hrs and temperature of 100 °C.
Experimental investigation of flow and heat transfer in a channel with dimpled plate
Authors: Oluwaremilekun Oluyale Josephine , Omolayo Petinrin Moses , Ayoade Adegbola Adeyinka , Adedayo Ishola Felix
Published: December 2019

This study presents the experimental investigation on the effect of dimpled arrangements on flow and heat transfer characteristics. Three plate surfaces were prepared (smooth, evenly distributed spherical dimples and unevenly distributed spherical dimples) and were placed successively in a channel. The unevenly distributed dimpled plate had the same dimple density with the evenly distributed dimpled plate but had varying transverse pitches to concentrate the dimples at mid-plate in flow direction. Data obtained from the experiment were analysed to determine the performance of each dimpled plate channel. It was observed that the average Nusselt number due to the heat interaction with the air-flow increases with the Reynolds number. The evenly and unevenly dimple plate channels had respectively, 75.7% and 91.8% increase in Nusselt number over the smooth channel. The flow friction factors of the evenly and unevenly dimple plate channels were merely more than that of smooth plate channel by 0.59% and 0.67%, respectively. Thus, the unevenly dimple plate channel had the highest overall thermal-hydraulic performance, followed by the evenly dimple plate channel.
Evaluation of Heat Transfer on Bone Cemented Hip Replacement
Authors: Chukwuneke J. L , Ikekwem J. U , Okokpujie I. P , Ongbali S. O
Published: December 2019

Evaluation of observable response of heat of bone cement in hip replacement was studied. In an exothermic reaction, bone cementing in a polymerization reaction between the liquid and the powder monomer, provides the bonding mechanism between the prosthesis stem and the femur cavity. This is of concern to biomechanics engineers on the mechanism of heat transfer between the femur bone, the cement and the prosthesis stem. The ANSYS software together with Autodesk software was used to model the scenario, steady state thermal structural analysis was used to simulate it. From the observation, the PMMA polymer (used as bone cement) temperature from the exothermic reaction raised the temperature in the assembly thereby creating a flow of heat amounting to 5.11x10-7W/m2 in which only 2.83x10-7 W/m2reached to the femur bone as others has been absorbed by the femur bone and prosthesis stem.0.59kJ/kg.K and 1.297kJ/kg. Kare the values of specific heat capacities of femur bone and PMMA respectively while the values of young modulus for femur bone and PMMA are 18.79GPa and 28.78GPa respectively. This result shows how possible it is to determine these properties from the studies of simulation.
Modelling and Simulation of Globular Equiaxed Eutectic Solidification in a Direct Chill Casting of Aluminium Binary Alloy Systems
Authors: Nzebuka G.C. , Waheed M.A.
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive modelling of globular equiaxed eutectic solidification in a direct chill casting of aluminium binary alloy systems has been presented. The modelling applies the finite volume method in a diffusion dominated 2D axisymetric domain. The model couples the macroscopic heat transfer equation with solidification kinetics model to predict total solidification time, actual solidification time, grain size, undercooling, and grain growth rate in the two binary aluminium alloy systems namely; Al-Cu system and Al-Si system. The linearization of the solidification kinetics source term coupled to the heat transfer equation ensures robust and converged computation of the numerical model. The results obtained show that under the same cooling conditions at the billet surface, Al-Cu alloy system solidifies faster than Al-Si alloy system. In addition higher undercooling, grain size and growth rate are evident in the former than the later.
Economic Impact of Corrosion in Oil Sectors and Prevention: An Overview
Authors: Fayomi O S I , Akande I G , Odigie S
Published: December 2019

The oil and gas industry is facing many corrosion problems. They have been faced with contaminants such as H2S and CO2 which deteriorate pipe lines and machine components. Over time, corrosion can occur on these machines’ inner surfaces. The pipelines must transport large amounts of crude oil which must be able to withstand large amount of pressure. The storage containers for the oil and gas are made of aluminium and steel which must be protected because of their susceptibility to corrosion which impacts directly or indirectly on the economy. Steel and aluminium are important metals used from manufacture to distribution of final products in almost every part of the oil and gas industry. This paper reviews the effect of corrosion on metal and some of the approaches towards corrosion control in engineering sectors.
Electrochemical And Metallurgical Behaviour Of Ductile Iron In Acidic, Basic And Saline Environments
Authors: Ayelabowo T. G. , Daniyan A. A. , Olawale J. O. , Isadare D. A. , Alo F. I. , Fayomi O. S. I , Umoru L. E.
Published: December 2019

This research work presents the comparative study of the effect of some selected environments on the corrosion characteristics and accompanying changes in microstructure on ductile iron. In this study, the atmospheric corrosion of ductile cast iron immersed in acidic (2M H2SO4), basic (2M NaOH) and saline (3.5% NaCl) environments, which represents the major atmospheric environments in which metals are mostly subjected to while in service. The corrosion characteristics of ductile iron have been determined by current potential curves. To determine the corrosion rates, the anodic and cathodic Tafel regions extrapolating to corrosion potentials were used. The individual corrosion rates of ductile iron were evaluated for a time period of 600 seconds, 1mv/s scan rate and Tafel plot range of -250mv to 250mv. Each sample were dimensioned, polished, pickled in dilute HCL and rinsed with distill water, degreased with acetone followed by drying and then mounted for the potential dynamic tests. The results obtained reveal that corrosion of DI in 2M H2SO4 is (0.25699 mmpy), 2M NaOH is (0.025955 mmpy), 3.5% NaCl is (0.10396 mmpy) and distill water is (2.6447e-05 mmpy). The results obtained showed that corrosion rate in decreasing order is 2M H2SO4, 3.5% NaCL, 2M NaOH and lastly as expected distil water. The corrosion product morphologies of the DI showed the nodular matrix was gradually covered up as the corrosion rate increased. This work is important reference point for the corrosion effectiveness of ductile iron in major atmospheric conditions.
Atmospheric corrosion from aerosol loading Over Yekepa
Authors: Emetere M.E , Emetere J.M , Sanni S.E , Okoro E.E , Onumejor C.A , Omotosho O.E
Published: December 2019

In this research, the impact of aerosol loading on the atmospheric corrosion over Yekepa is presented. Fifteen years primary (aerosol optical depth) dataset was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). Aerosol loading were generated fom the primary dataset. The univariate statistic over Yekepa shows the mean value of 0.52038392857143 0.44143303571429 0.39041071428571 in X, Y and Z directions prespectively. It was confirmed that the current trends of environmental events over Yekepa-Liberia could increase atmospheric corrosion.
Utilization of Palm Fruit Fibers as Constituent Materials for Hand Mould Clay Bricks
Authors: Adegoke D.D. , Afuwape R. , Olukanni D.O. , Bamigboye G.
Published: December 2019

The production process of palm oil generates a huge amount of waste. As Nigeria is one of the largest producing countries, the fruit fiber wastes from palm oil processing have received a low level of waste management and have been a long-term environmental concern. This study is focused on recovery of the palm fruit fibers and its utilization as a constituent material for locally hand mold clay bricks. Varying percentages (1% to 3%) of palm fruit fiber was introduced into local hand mold clay. The bricks produced were tested for optimum moisture content and dry density. Some preliminary tests such as natural moisture content determination (wet and dry), Specific gravity test, Particle size distribution test (Sieve analysis), Atterberg limit test, Compaction test (Standard Proctor), Water absorption test, and Compressive strength test was carried out. The results show a decrease in optimum moisture content as the percentage of the palm fruit fibers increased from 1% to 3% in the soil sample while the maximum dry density increased. With the addition of 1% to 3% of the palm fruit fibers and the mix sun-dried, noticeable improvement in the compaction characteristics of the soil sample was observed. It can be deduced from the results that for a good construction clay soil, the lower the moisture content, the higher the dry density and the better the quality of bricks. Production of clay bricks with palm fruit fibers could serve as an economic substitute for the growing cost of sandcrete blocks.
Decontamination of Wastewater Effluent using Sugar Cane Bagasse and Soybean Hulls
Authors: Sanni S. E. , Odigure J. O. , Emetere M. E. , Okoro E. E. , Agboola O. , Sherif Y. O.
Published: December 2019

Wastewater effluents from industrial processes often pose environmental as well as health risks to humans when these waters are consumed without proper trexatment. In this study, distilled water and citric acid were used as modifiers in order to establish the comparative abilities of modified soybean hull and sugarcane bagasse as means of reducing copper and zinc chlorides to their metals and subsequently adsorbing the metals in order to propose both materials as low cost adsorbents for heavy metals. Based on the results, the modified soybeans have good potential for adsorbing Cu metal while sugarcane bagasse showed preferential adsorption of Zn from waste water. Also, results from optimization gave a pH of 4 and 5 for the modified forms of the bagasse and soybean respectively. While a mass of 1g of each adsorbent gave the best removal rate for their preferred metals, the optimum volume for the highest metal adsorption was found to be for solvent of 35 ml/g adsorbent. Adsorption rate was found to increase with temperature and time for both adsorbents.
Effects of Waste Management in Beverage Industries: A Perspective
Authors: Samuel A.U. , Oyawale F. , Fayomi O.S.I
Published: December 2019

In attempt to eliminate wastage in the beverage industries a lot of reformations have been carried out in the past. Some of these reformations involve redesigning of operation process and repackaging of the content using scientifically improved materials. Packaging of beverages has been done using glass bottles, plastic, nylon and metal can. Although each of these packaging materials has one short coming or the other but not without few advantages. The beverage industry exhibits gigantic potential to minimise waste and shot the loops of recycling. Great commitment to waste reduction and recycling will provide extensive financial and countless environmental benefits. Concentrating on waste management can help to address raw material cost increment and sustainability of production. This paper seeks to investigate the sources of waste in beverage industries and several techniques that have been used to minimise them.
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Tamarindus Indica Leaves Extracts on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: Nchewi G.A. , Okoro L.N. , Adams F.V. , Agboola B.O.
Published: December 2019

Tamarindus indica leaves extract was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) under varied conditions using weight loss technique. The inhibition efficiency, thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanism of inhibition by Tamarindus indica leaves extract on the mild steel were determined. The inhibitor’s concentrations used for the study were 0.0g/15ml (blank), 0.2g/15ml, 0.4g/15ml, and 0.6g/15ml, at the temperatures of 28°C (301K), 40°C (313K), 50°C (323K), and 60°C (333K). The results obtained showed that the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor was inversely proportional to the temperature, but directly proportional to the concentration of inhibitor in the acid. The maximum efficiency of 79.68%, was observed at 28°C (301K) and at a concentration of 0.6g/15ml. The heat of adsorption and free energy (ΔGads) calculations yielded negative values. This indicates that the reaction between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface was favorable since all the calculated values were negative. As the concentration of the inhibitor increased, the negativity of the ΔGads increased; suggesting physical adsorption. The data obtained fitted in the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms at lower temperatures. The results from the phytochemical analysis showed that saponins, were absent, but the extract has tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids.
Production and Operational Study of a Local Product in Nigeria. Case Study; Xx Yogurt Company in Ota
Authors: Akinlabi E.T. , Babaremu K. O. , Okokpujie I. P. , Akinlabi S. A.
Published: December 2019

The Nutritional value of yogurt cannot be overemphasized owing to its general acceptance in the world at large. The product focus for this study is yogurt. It is a local product that is produced by a medium scale company in Ota, Ado-Odo local government area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Their production procedure conforms to the set standards for yogurt production as approved by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in the country such as milk standardization, homogenization, pasteurization, fermentation, cooling, homogenization or smoothing, filling and storage. This research work was carried out for 90 days to study the production process of the xx yogurt, marketing strategy and the likely challenging face by the company. The system runs a very lager line plant layout, and carried out regular preventive maintenance to keep the plant running year-round in a bid to avoid unnecessary additional cost of operation owing to system breakdown as an inevitable eventuality that results from ill-maintenance practices. Their major market is within the Ota metropolis which is actually a great limitation on product visibility and patronage by more end-users. This evaluation study shows that yogurt production process can be stable and more profitable if better marketing strategy and good infrastructures facility can be employed for the production process.
Processing and Marketing Risk Factor of Cocoa Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi E.T. , Adelakun O. J. , Okokpujie I. P. , Akinlabi S. A.
Published: December 2019

Cocoa (theobroma cacao) is cultivated mainly for the cocoa beans which can undergo further treatment into various products which includes cocoa powder, liquor, butter and cake. The major challenges experienced by cocoa industries are inconsistency in production, low yield, pest and disease infestation, high cost of acquiring equipment, increase in production sustainability when considering modified varieties, cost of managing crop, organizing chain and cost of quality. This research aim at studying the process of cocoa beans production in other to provide suitable solution for sustainability of the production process. An evaluation method was applied to the analyzed the various processing steps involved in production stage and the plant layout before assessing the marketing risk factors. The result from the evaluation shows that price fluctuation has the highest ranked followed by processing risk factors, due to negligence of majority of cocoa farmers in maintenance and scheduling operation on their machines using kruskal-wallis test. This study identified risk factors, made comparison and proffer solutions to majority of uncertainties common with processing and marketing of cocoa in Nigeria, as well as the detailed steps and the plant layout in other to boost the standard and morale of every individuals considering cocoa processing across any part of the country. Structuring and developing cocoa beans market will help to reduce global prices fluctuation on the international markets and which will enhance the marketing framework.
The Strength characteristics of Chitosan- and Titanium- Poly (L-lactic) Acid Based Composites
Authors: Kehinde Aworinde Abraham , Oluropo Adeosun Samson , Adekunle Oyawale Festus , Titilayo Akinlabi Esther , Akinlabi Stephen A.
Published: December 2019

The problem of bone fracture and the need to avoid revision surgery in osteosynthesis are the critical reasons for the gradual shift from the use of metallic fixations to the polymeric scaffold in the orthopaedic applications. However, the mechanical properties of polymers that have become a substitute for metals need to be improved upon. An attempt was made to improve the mechanical properties of poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA), a biopolymer, by loading it with 1.04, 2.08, 4.17, 8.33 and 16.67 wt.% of chitosan (an organic filler) and Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Mo-2Cr-0.25Si (an inorganic particle). Melt blend technique was the processing technique. Hardness, compressive modulus and fracture toughness of virgin PLLA improved significantly while the resulting composites were found to be less ductile than unreinforced PLLA. Titanium reinforced PLLA displayed superior mechanical properties over the neat and chitin reinforced PLLA. Compressive modulus values of the developed composites were much lower than the modulus of cortical bone, they were, however, mechanically compatible with the properties of cancellous bone. Optical microscopy images also show the formation of pores which are a catalyst for cell proliferation and cell differentiation.