bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of public prosecutors in jury trials: the experience of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Antonen A. A.
Published: September 2021

The article discusses the development of jury trials in Russia and China, the results of the work of the state prosecution in Russian jury trials on the basis of data from form No. 1 of the statistical reporting of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation over the past decade. The author provides statistical indicators confi rming the growing popularity of jury trials in Russia. The results of the return of criminal cases by the courts to the prosecutor in accordance with Art. 237 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, as indicators of the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s work in courtare discussed.The article touches upon the problem of a stable increase in the number of acquitted persons in jury trials over the past 10 years. The ways of solving the current situation within the framework of the development of the system of jurors and the institution of public prosecution in the Russian Federation are proposed, which may be an experience for China.
Comprehensive characterization of biological terrorism
Authors: Kholopova E. N.
Published: September 2021

. The article considers the complex characterization of biological terrorism as a special dangerous phenomenon, a threat to the national security of states, a crime of an international nature, a destructive mechanism that affects the change and reformatting of public relations. The complex characteristic integrates knowledge from many branches of science, includes the following elements: criminal law, criminology, criminology, and others, which are interrelated and determine measures to ensure the national security of states in the event of possible unauthorized use of biological agents. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.
Mizaç özelliklerinin invaziv karyotip testlerini seçme kararları üzerine olan etkisi
Authors: ARSLAN Erol , KÜÇÜKBAŞ Gökçe Naz , AKCABAY Çiğdem , GÜLBAHAR Duru Saygin , SUCU Mete
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı gebelerin mizaç özellikleri ile invaziv testi tercih etmeleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Mevcut çalışma fetüste Down sendromu açısından artmış riske sahip 337 gebeliğin prospektif değerlendirilmesini içermektedir. Hastaların mizaç özellikleri TEMPS-A skalası aracılığıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Gebeler invaziv test yapılmasını kabul edenler (çalışma) ve etmeyenler (kontrol) şeklinde iki gruba ayrılmıştır.

Bulgular: Nihai analizler 284 gebe üzerinden yapılmıştır. Çalışma grubundaki hastalarda düzenli bir işte çalışma oranı ve eğitim seviyesi kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hastaların 247'sinde (%87) baskın bir mizaç saptanmadı. Bununla birlikte en yüksek skor hipertimik mizaca (11.2 ± 4.1) ait olarak bulundu. Çalışma grubundaki hastalar daha düşük anksiyetik (ve depresif (mizaç skorlarına sahiplerdi.

Sonuç: Daha düşük anksiyöz ya da depresif mizaç özelliklerine sahip hastalar invaziv tanı testlerini daha yüksek oranda tercih etmektedirler. Buna ek olarak düzenli bir işte çalışma ve daha yüksek eğitim durumu da invaziv prenatal testi yaptırmayla ilişkilidir.
PC-based continuous recording field seismograph
Authors: Green R. W. E.
Published: September 2021

Observations of teleseismic events at remote sites necessitated the development of a portable digital recorder that is capable of continuously recording the output of a three-component set of long-period transducers. A PC is used as a file management facility, operating in an intermittant or “sleeper mode.” Each of the three components are digitized and stored in separate, intelligent A to D cards. When 28 K samples have been generated, a trigger is initiated, and on the transition of the next real time second the real time is latched and power is applied to the PC. The sample count between the trigger and the latched acknowledgment of the trigger provides an absolute time correlation. After the PC has powered up, the data are down-loaded from the three acquisition cards to a PC hard disk and the latched real time forms the header label of the data file. Power is then removed from the PC. Sampling at about 15 samples per second, the PC is switched on every 33, 45 minutes. Boot-up and data down-loading uses approximately 5 watts average power. The associated long-period transducers (Guralp CMG3) consume about 3 watts and the remaining electronics 2 watts. All the electronics are housed in a steel cabinet, and the system uses four solar panels charging two 105AH batteries. Data transfer to an internal 60 MByte tape streamer necessitates a visit to the station every 24 days.
The social dynamics of a false earthquake prediction and the response by the public sector
Authors: Gori Paula L.
Published: September 2021

The central United States and the nation experienced the effects of a false, pseudoscientific, unofficial prediction in 1990. The lack of a timely, public rebuttal of the Iben Browning earthquake prediction led to tremendous unnecessary efforts by local, state, and federal governments to respond to the public's demand for information about the validity of the prediction and how to prepare for the predicted earthquake. The effort was costly both in terms of money and diversion of staff from other necessary services. Although the prediction may have increased the level of earthquake awareness and preparedness in the central U.S., that awareness and preparedness may have been forged at the expense of scientific and government credibility.
A comparison of earthquake damage areas as a function of magnitude across the United States
Authors: Bollinger G. A. , Chapman M. C. , Sibol M. S.
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the relationship between earthquake magnitude and the size of damage areas in the eastern and western United States. To quantify damage area as a function of moment magnitude (M), 149 MMI VI and VII areas for 109 earthquakes (88 in the western United States, 21 in the eastern United States and Canada) were measured. Regression of isoseismal areas versus M indicated that areas in the East were larger than those in the West, at both intensity levels, by an average 5 × in the M 4.5 to 7.5 range. In terms of radii for circles of equivalent area, these results indicate that damaging ground motion from shocks of the same magnitude extend 2 × the epicentral distance in eastern North America compared to the West.

To determine source and site parameters consistent with the above results, response spectral levels for eastern North America were stochastically simulated and compared with response spectral ordinates derived from recorded strong ground motion data in the western United States. Stress-drop values of 200 bars, combined with a surficial 2-km-thick low velocity “sedimentary” layer over rock basement, produced results that are compatible with the intensity observations, i.e., similar response spectral levels in the east at approximately twice their epicentral distance in the western U.S. distance.

These results suggest that ground motion modeling in eastern North America may need to incorporate source and site parameters different from those presently in general use. The results are also of importance to eastern U.S. hazard assessments as they require allowance for the larger damage areas in preparedness and mitigation programs.
Magnitude-frequency relations for northeastern Japan
Authors: Umino Norihito , Sacks I. Selwyn
Published: September 2021

Magnitude-frequency relations are investigated for the on-land area, covered by the Tohoku University seismic network, northeastern Japan. We combine the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog with the Tohoku University catalog for the crustal events. The suite for the upper plane events of the double-planed Wadati-Benioff zone, from 60 km through 100 km deep, is based on the Tohoku University catalog only. Completeness analyses of the catalog reveal that the crustal events and the upper plane events suite is complete down to magnitude 2.0 and 2.1, respectively. Including events only with magnitude above the completeness threshold, the magnitude-frequency relations are found to be nonlinear both for the crustal events slightly and the upper plane events strongly. Consistency between total seismic wave duration magnitudes and velocity amplitude magnitudes suggests that the magnitude scale in the catalog is nonbiased. The completeness analyses and the non-biased magnitude scale suggest that the nonlinear magnitude-frequency relations are not artificial but substantial features of the earthquake occurrence.
Relationship of the kickapoo fault to the Johnson Valley and Homestead Valley faults, San Bernardino County, California
Authors: Sowers J. M. , Unruh J. R. , Lettis W. R. , Rubin T. D.
Published: September 2021

The 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake rupture propagated from the Johnson Valley fault to the Homestead Valley fault across Homestead Valley. Rupture was concentrated along the Kickapoo fault (a.k.a, Landers fault), a previously unrecognized north-south-striking, 5-km-long fault in Homestead Valley, and along small secondary fault traces east of the Kickapoo fault. To better understand the role of the Kickapoo fault in accommodating slip between the Johnson Valley fault and the Homestead Valley fault, we performed detailed aerial photograph interpretation and field mapping of alluvial deposits, geomorphology, and co-seismic surface rupture; evaluated existing water-well data; and conducted a gravity survey of the Homestead Valley area. These data show that the Kickapoo fault is a pre-1992 structure best interpreted as the northward continuation of the southern Johnson Valley fault. The Kickapoo fault merges northward with the northwest-striking Homestead Valley fault. Thus, we interpret that the Johnson Valley, Kickapoo, and Homestead Valley faults form an interlinked system. Large ruptures similar to the 1992 Landers rupture may have repeatedly propagated between the Johnson Valley and Homestead Valley faults along the Kickapoo fault. The Kickapoo-Johnson Valley fault intersection defines a 1-km-wide, left-restraining bend. Uplifted alluvial deposits and pressure ridges are common within the bend, indicating the bend is a long-lived contractional feature. Homestead Valley itself is underlain by relatively thin alluvial deposits over crystalline bedrock, showing that no significant subsidence has occurred during the late Quaternary. These observations are consistent with the accommodation of north-south right shear on the southern Johnson Valley and Kickapoo faults in Homestead Valley.
The co-seismic slip distribution of the Landers earthquake
Authors: Freymueller J. , King N. E. , Segall P.
Published: September 2021

We derived a model for the co-seismic slip distribution on the faults which ruptured during the Landers earthquake sequence of 28 June 1992. The model is based on the inversion of surface geodetic measurements, primarily vector displacements measured using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The inversion procedure assumes that the slip distribution is to some extent smooth and purely right-lateral strike slip. For a given fault geometry, a family of solutions of varying smoothness can be generated.

We choose the optimal model from this family based on cross-validation, which measures the predictive power of the data, and the trade-off of misfit and roughness. Solutions which give roughly equal weight to misfit and smoothness are preferred and have certain features in common: (1) there are two main patches of slip, on the Johnson Valley fault, and on the Homestead Valley, Emerson, and Camp Rock faults; (2) virtually all slip is in the upper 10 to 12 km; and (3) the model reproduces the general features of the geologically measured surface displacements, without prior constraints on the surface slip. In all models, regardless of smoothing, very little slip is required on the fault that represents the Big Bear event, and the total moment of the Landers event is 9 · 1019 N-m. The nearly simultaneous rupture of multiple distinct faults suggests that much of the crust in this region must have been close to failure prior to the earthquake.
Postseismic deformation following the Landers earthquake, California, 28 June 1992
Authors: Shen Zheng-Kang , Jackson David D. , Feng Yanjie , Cline Michael , Kim Mercedes , Fang Peng , Bock Yehuda
Published: September 2021

Accelerated strain followed the Landers and Big Bear earthquakes, returning to the normal rate only after a period of several months. We observed this strain throughout most of southern California using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Three GPS receivers operating continuously in fixed positions at Pinyon Flat, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena), and Goldstone all recorded postseismic deformation in a relative sense. In addition, we established 16 sites where we deployed portable receivers occasionally over a period of about 6 months near the rupture zones of the earthquakes. Anomalous postseismic displacements ranged from 55 mm near the epicenter to a few millimeters far from the fault. We modeled the displacements, using dislocation theory, as due to variable slip on the faults that were displaced at the times of the earthquakes. The model suggests that the postseismic strain released the equivalent of about 15% of the seismic moment of the mainshock. While the strain released from the upper 10 km is about the same as what can be explained by direct effects of aftershocks, the major contribution of strain release comes from the lower layer, below 10-km depth. Significant afterslip or viscous relaxation must have occurred below 10-km depth to explain the observed deformation more than 100 km from the fault. One interpretation is that high stress on the margin of the co-seismic rupture zone drives the rupture to extend itself into urbroken rock below and along the initial rupture zone.
Dynamic growth of mixed-mode shear cracks
Authors: Andrews D. J.
Published: September 2021

A pure mode II (in-plane) shear crack cannot propagate spontaneously at a speed between the Rayleigh and S-wave speeds, but a three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D) mixed-mode shear crack can propagate in this range, being driven by the mode III (antiplane) component. Two different analytic solutions have been proposed for the mode II component in this case. The first is the solution valid for crack speed less than the Rayleigh speed. When applied above the Rayleigh speed, it predicts a negative stress intensity factor, which implies that energy is generated at the crack tip. Burridge proposed a second solution, which is continuous at the crack tip, but has a singularity in slip velocity at the Rayleigh wave. Spontaneous propagation of a mixed-mode rupture has been calculated with a slip-weakening friction law, in which the slip velocity vector is colinear with the total traction vector. Spontaneous trans-Rayleigh rupture speed has been found. The solution depends on the absolute stress level. The solution for the in-plane component appears to be a superposition of smeared-out versions of the two analytic solutions. The proportion of the first solution increases with increasing absolute stress. The amplitude of the negative in-plane traction pulse is less than the absolute final sliding traction, so that total in-plane traction does not reverse. The azimuth of the slip velocity vector varies rapidly between the onset of slip and the arrival of the Rayleigh wave. The variation is larger at smaller absolute stress.
Ground-motion amplitude across ridges
Authors: Pedersen H. , Le Brun B. , Hatzfeld D. , Campillo M. , Bard P.-Y.
Published: September 2021

Local amplification and wave diffraction on an elongated ridge near Sourpi in central Greece were studied by the analysis of seismic records of local and regional earthquakes. Data were obtained during field work especially designed for this purpose. These data were analyzed in the frequency and time domains. In the frequency domain, spectral ratios show amplifications of 1.5 to 3 at the ridge top relative to the base of the ridge. The horizontal components of motion are more amplified than the vertical component and the observed spectral ratios seem stable for different earthquake locations. Theoretical spectral ratios, calculated by the indirect boundary element method, are dependent on earthquake location but are in general agreement with the observed spectral ratios. Another dataset, from Mont St. Eynard in the French Alps, showed similar characteristics with spectral amplitudes on the top of the ridge up to four times those on the flank. These relative amplifications are within the range predicted by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations also show that the topographic effect involves the emission of diffracted waves propagating from the top toward the base of the ridge. The use of a seven-station array on the ridge at Sourpi made it possible to identify such waves. The analysis was performed with wave separation methods using singular value decomposition and spectral matrix filtering. Our results show agreement between experimental data and theoretical results supporting the use of numerical simulations for estimation of purely topography-induced amplification on ridge tops. Our results also show that such amplification is moderate for the ridges under study.
Bootstrapping shear-wave splitting errors
Authors: Sandvol Eric , Hearn Thomas
Published: September 2021

We have developed a bootstrap method to estimate errors associated with inverting SKS waveforms for shear-wave splitting parameters. Although presented for shear-wave splitting inversions, this method is suitable for any waveform inversion procedure. The bootstrap error estimation method consists of multiple inversions of simulated data that imitate the original data with differing noise sequences. The results of the bootstrap inversions are used to directly calculate variances and covariances for all model parameters. We employ a bootstrap error estimation technique to nonlinear inversion for shear-wave splitting parameters. Since seismic data have correlated errors, the bootstrap method was modified for stationary bandlimited time series. This modified bootstrap method was applied to shear-wave splitting measurements from over 60 pairs of horizontal seismograms. The method is stable under a large range of noise conditions. By using this bootstrap method, we can distinguish among data with no apparent splitting, data with splitting, and noisy data.
Strain accumulation in Owens Valley, California, 1974 to 1988
Authors: Savage J. C. , Lisowski M.
Published: September 2021

Strain accumulation observed over the 1974 to 1988 interval in a 25 by 100 km aperture trilateration network spanning Owens Valley is adequately described by a strain rate that is uniform in space and time. The tensor strain-rate components referred to a coordinate system with the 2 axis directed N18°W (parallel to the trend of the valley) and the 1 axis N72°E are ∈˙11′ = 0.042 ± 0.014 μstrain/yr, ∈˙12′ = -0.058 ± 0.007 μstrain/yr, and ∈˙22′ = 0.002 ± 0.014 μstrain/yr; quoted uncertainties are standard deviations and extension is reckoned positive. Across the 25-km breadth of the network, this amounts to 1.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr extension normal to the axis of the valley, 2.9 ± 0.4 mm/yr right-lateral shear across the axis, and no extension parallel to the axis. If the measured strain accumulation is attributed to slip on the deeper section of the Owens Valley fault with the uppermost 10 km of the fault locked, the observed right-lateral deformation would imply about 7 mm/yr right-lateral slip on the buried fault, much greater than the geologic estimate of 2 ± 0.5 mm/yr right-lateral secular slip (Beanland and Clark, 1994). Nor is the observed uplift profile across the valley consistent with continuing normal slip on just the deep segment of the Owens Valley fault; normal slip at depth on the Sierra frontal fault also seems to be required. The observed deformation across Owens Valley apparently implies processes more complicated than those represented by the conventional model of strain accumulation along a throughgoing fault.
Constraints on temporal variations in velocity near Anza, California, from analysis of similar event pairs
Authors: Haase Jennifer S. , Shearer Peter M. , Aster Rick C.
Published: September 2021

Similar earthquake pairs recorded by the Anza Seismic Network in southern California are used as repeatable sources to place an upper limit on temporal changes in seismic velocity which occurred in the vicinity of the Anza seismic gap in the last 9 yr. Relative arrival times for each pair of events are found using a cross-correlation method and relative locations are calculated to verify that the pairs have nearly identical hypocenters. The time separation between events in these pairs varies from less than a day to almost 7 yr. The long-term changes in seismic travel times, as measured from the pairs with the longest time separation, are not significantly greater than the noise level estimated from the short-time-separation event pairs. Almost all P-wave paths show less than 0.06% (0.007 sec) change in travel time and all S-wave paths have less than 0.03% (0.004 sec) change. Sensitivity tests place an upper bound on travel-time changes that could be compensated by hypocenter mislocation at 0.2%. There is no evidence that localized stress accumulation causes measurable changes in seismic velocity in the Anza region.
Comment on “microearthquake location: a nonlinear approach that makes use of a Simplex stepping procedure” by A. Prugger and D. Gendzwill
Authors: Ge M.
Published: September 2021

This work discusses the concept and mathematical procedure of error estimation for the Simplex source location method. The precise formulas for the calculation of station residuals are derived for the absolute value method (L1 norm) and the least-squares method (L2 norm). Two other related problems, origin time and ill-conditioned matrices, are also discussed.
Simulation of 3D elastic wave propagation in the Salt Lake Basin
Authors: Olsen Kim B. , Pechmann James C. , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: September 2021

We have used a 3D finite-difference method to model 0.2 to 1.2 Hz elastodynamic site amplification in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. The valley is underlain by a sedimentary basin, which in our model has dimensions of 48 by 25 by 1.3 km. Simulations are carried out for a P wave propagating vertically from below and for P waves propagating horizontally to the north, south, east, and west in a two-layer model consisting of semi-consolidated sediments surrounded by bedrock.

Results show that in general, sites with the largest particle velocities, cumulative kinetic energies, duration times of motion, and spectral magnitudes overlie the deepest parts of the basin. The maximum values of these parameters are generally found above steeply dipping parts of the basin walls. The largest vector particle velocities are associated with P or SV waves that come from within 10° of the source azimuth. Low-energy S and surface waves follow the strongest arrivals. The largest peak particle velocities, cumulative kinetic energies, signal durations, and spectral magnitudes in the simulations are, respectively, 2.9, 15.9, 40.0, and 3.5 times greater than the values at a rock site measured on the component parallel to the propagation direction of the incident P wave. Scattering and/or mode conversions at the basin boundaries contribute significantly to the signal duration times.

As a check on the validity of our simulations, we compared our 3D synthetic seismograms for the vertically incident plane P wave to seismograms of nearly vertically incident teleseismic P waves recorded at an alluvium site in the valley and at a nearby rock site. The 3D synthetics for the alluvium site overestimate the relatively small amplification of the initial P wave and underestimate the large amplification of the coda. Using 2D simulations, we find that most of the discrepancies between the 3D synthetic and observed records can be explained by an apparently incorrect total sediment thickness, omission from the model of the near-surface low-velocity unconsolidated sediments and of attenuation, and the inexact modeling of the incidence angle of the teleseism. The records from a 2D simulation in which these deficiencies are remedied (with Q = 65), and which also includes topography and a near-surface velocity gradient in the bedrock, provide a better match to the teleseismic data than the records from the simple two-layer 3D simulation.

Our results suggest that for steeply incident P waves, the impedance decrease and resonance effects associated with the deeper basin structure control the amplification of the initial P-wave arrival, whereas reverberations in the near-surface unconsolidated sediments generate the large-amplitude coda. These reverberations are caused mainly by P-to-S converted waves, and their strength is therefore highly sensitive to the incidence angle of the source.
Site-dependent attenuation relations of seismic motion parameters at depth using borehole data
Authors: Fukushima Yoshimitsu , Gariel Jean-Christophe , Tanaka Ryozo
Published: September 2021

Using more than 500 accelerometric records from three vertical arrays located in Japan, we performed a regression analysis in order to derive attenuation relationships at underground sites with depths ranging from 100 to 950 m. Analyses were conducted on both peak ground acceleration and pseudo-velocity response spectra. Because of a positive correlation between magnitude and distance, a two-step regression technique was employed. Results show that, compared with surface ground motion, peak accelerations at underground sites are lower by a factor ranging from 1.5 to 4 according to the depth. In the case of response spectra, differences between ground surface and underground spectra are dependent on geological conditions. For the three sites considered in the study, underground pseudo-velocity response spectra show amplitudes lower by a factor ranging from 1.5 to 10 according to the depth or the period considered.

Ratios between the receiver responses obtained at different depths provided average transfer functions. Those were compared with transfer functions calculated by averaging ratios of observed response spectra between different depths. A good agreement between the two techniques was found. Finally, theoretical transfer functions were estimated using both one-dimensional SH and complete wave modeling. It was shown that the characteristics of the incident wave field can play an important role in the estimation of theoretical transfer functions.
Vector of Changes in the Life Strategies of Student Youth
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Mazaev Yuri N. , Kireev Egor Yu. ,   Russian State Social University,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS (IDR FCTAS RAS)
Published: September 2021

Modern realities of Russian life have a serious impact on the formation of life strategies of young people. Not only the personal but also the future public good will largely depend on the terminal and instrumental values and the orientation of its social attitudes. The purpose of the comparative sociological research conducted in 2005, 2012, 2018 was to identify the most relevant and important for modern students’ patterns of social behavior. The focus of the authors’ research interest was focused on what life strategies, to what extent and why are attractive for today’s youth.
Life Strategies of Foreign Students in the Russian University Community
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IDR FCTAS RAS), Chernikova Anna A.
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the concepts, types and specifics of educational migration. Special attention is paid to educational migrants studying in Russian universities. Foreign students are seen as a new social community. Groups of educational migrants studying in Russian universities are separated into separate specific social communities that have all the characteristics of a social group. The study analyzes the emergence of a new social community in the educational field of Russian universities.
Mass Media About the Phenomenon of Corruption in the Regional Media Space
Authors:   State Governmental Agency of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring», Agishev Ruslan R. , Barinova Olga N. ,   State Governmental Agency of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring», Manaeva Irina V. ,   State Governmental Agency of the Republic of Mordovia «Scientific Center for Socio-Economic Monitoring»
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the issues of highlighting the phenomenon of corruption in the regional media space. The relevance of the problem is due to the following: the great role of the mass media in shaping public opinion, the special importance of corruption-related issues for the average person, the demand for custom-made publications on corruption-related topics to fight competitors. On the basis of the content analysis, specific features of the coverage of corruption events in the regions of the Volga Federal District are identified. There is an interest in regional corruption issues, a low level of analysis of published materials and an emphasis on entertaining presentation of the material. There is a significant difference in the form and content of publications on corruption offenses in publications with different founders. It is concluded that the media image of corruption formed by the regional mass media is contradictory and one-sided. As a result, consumers of printed products have a distorted perception of the phenomenon of corruption.
Effects of interactive education with conversation map on foot care behaviors in elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot
Authors: Yingli Zhang
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the main reasons that seriously affect the quality of life and disability. Good foot care can prevent 85% amputation of diabetic foot patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of interactive education with conversation map on foot care behaviors among elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot.Methods: 96 elderly diabetic patients in Endocrinology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January to December in 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to the parity of the last two digits of the hospitalization number, the odd number was divided into the control group and the even number was divided into the experimental group. The control group was given traditional health education and interactive education with conversation map for diabetic foot launched by the international diabetes federation was added to the experimental group. After 3 months of intervention, fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and foot care behaviors of the two groups were observed.Results: The fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and foot care behaviors of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: The interactive education with conversation map can effectively improve the foot care behaviors of elderly diabetic patients with high-risk diabetic foot, and then prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot.
Histopathological evaluation of Endometrium hyperplasia and it’s correlation with the clinical parameters in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rai Tina , Uniya Upasana , Shrivastava Archana , Rai G.S
Published: September 2021

: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common clinical presentation in the perimenopausal age group its biopsy serves as an excellent clue to the underlying disease. The presentation may vary according to the type of endometrial hyperplasia and their correlation helps in the proper management of the patients complain.

: To analyze the histopathological patterns of endometrial hyperplasia as well as to correlate endometrial hyperplasia with the clinical parameters.

: It is a retrospective study and included one year data. A total of 125 cases that underwent hysterectomies or endometrial biopsies for abnormal uterine bleeding were recorded with their clinical history. For all cases the histopathology slides were re-evaluated and results were recorded. Epidemiological variables were analyzed by cross tabulation to assess their relationship.

Out of 125 cases 53 cases had endometrial hyperplasia, 24 cases were having simple hyperplasia followed by 14 cases with simple hyperplasia without atypia, 9 cases with complex hyperplasia with atypia followed by 6 cases with complex hyperplasia without atypia. 30 to 50 years age group commonly had endometrial hyperplasia & menorrhagia was the common clinical complain in our patients.

: In all the females coming to OPD with abnormal uterine bleeding clinical correlation should be properly made with biopsy report of the patient for the proper management of the condition, which avoids landing up of the patient into further complication.
Study of Spectrum of anemia in various age groups
Authors: Pandey Varsha
Published: September 2021

: Anemia is major health problem world-wide especially in developing countries. Globally 1.62 billion persons are affected. It has grave consequences on human health. The present study evaluates the severity and morphology of anemia in various age groups in rural population.

: 1): To study degree and severity of anemia in study population; 2): To study distribution of anemia in various age groups; 3): To study morphological spectrum of anemia in study population.

s: The study includes 792 patients having low concentration of hemoglobin for their age & sex. The other hematological parameters and morphology were analyzed.

: In our study, females constituted 72.6% (575/792) of study population and male constituted 27.4% (217/792) of population. Pediatric patients (up to 15 years of age) constituted 10% of study population. Out of 792 anemic patients, 439 (55.4%) were having moderate anemia, 228 (28.7%) were having mild anemia & 125 (15.78%) were having severe anemia. Out of 792 anemic patients, 384 (48.4%) were having microcytic hypochromic anemia, 296 (37.37%) were having normocytic normochromic anemia, 84 (10.6%) were having macrocytic anemia and 3.5% were having hemolytic anemia. Out of 792 anemic patients, 439 (55.4%) were having moderate anemia, 228 (28.7%) were having mild anemia & 125 (15.78%) were having severe anemia.

In our study anemia was more common in females as compared to males constituting majority of study population which is in concordance with other studies also. Moderate anemia was more common in study population as well as in various sub-groups being in concordance with other studies too. Morphologically microcytic hypochromic anemia was the most common type of anemia especially in adult females. Pregnant females were found to have normocytic normochromic anemia predominantly. Most of the cases of hemolytic anemia was found in children <15years. Similarly macrocytic anemia was found more commonly in adult males.

Anemia is the most hematological abnormality found in daily practice, though found in all age groups but quite higher in females. The main objective for diagnosing anemia is to make clinician aware so that they can take measures to prevent and control anemia.
A descriptive study of Endometrial Biopsies in perimenopausal women having Abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: I Sandhya , Prabhu P Manjushree , S Rao Purnima , Alwa Sameeksha
Published: September 2021

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest symptom with which the perimenopausal female visits the gynaecologist accounting for over 70% of all gynecological consultations in that age group. The clinical presentation of AUB can range anywhere menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, polymenorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and menometrorrhagia. Though biopsy is the gold standard it is an invasive procedure and hence often an Ultrasound is used to evaluate the pathology of the endometrium routinely hence, we decided to study the accuracy between radiological ET thickened and its usefulness in detecting endometrial pathology.

This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at AJIMS, Mangalore for a period of 2 years. The sample included endometrial biopies and hysterectomy specimens of perimenopausal women for AUB. The ultrasonographic findings and Histopathological (HPE) reports were analysed.

Among 101 cases for AUB, 67 cases were diagnosed as non secretory endometrium. Out of these 67 cases, 49 cases were associated with fibroids. Out of the rest of the AUB cases, 31 of them were diagnosed to have endometrial hyperplasia and 3 cases were diagnosed to have endometrial carcinoma. USG thickness of 17(54%) out of 31 endometrial hyperplasia cases were abnormal.

Radiological and pathological evaluation were concordant with diagnosis of AUB associated with fibroids. However only 54% of the endometrial hyperplasia were found to have abnormal endometrial thickness. Radiological evaluation of endometrial thickness is not concordant in 46 % of the cases. This implies that histopathological examination is gold standard diagnostic tool for endometrial abnormalities in perimenopausal women.
A Cross-sectional Study of Sustainable Employment in Nordic Eldercare
Authors: Drange Ida , Vabø Mia
Published: September 2021

This study addresses the retention challenges of Nordic eldercare by investigating how care workers’ work-time arrangements are associated with consideration to quit the job. Particular attention is paid to the mediating role of economic distress and work-life conflict. Based on a Nordic cross-sectional survey (Nordcare II), we investigate how different modes of shift work scheduling and involuntary part-time employment are directly and indirectly associated with consideration to quit the job. Parallel analyses from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden reveal that work-time arrangements are indirectly associated with consideration to quit the job in all countries. Perceived work-life conflict increases with the number of different shifts included in a shift schedule. Danish care workers, who more often work fixed shifts, report the lowest level of work-life conflict. Involuntary part-time employment, which is most widespread in Norway, is directly associated with financial distress in all countries, but with work-life conflict in Norway only.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF COMBINED ANORECTAL PATHOLOGY USING CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, Balytskyy V.V. ,   Khmelnitsky Regional Hospital, Zakharash M.P. ,   A.A. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kuryk E.G. ,   A.A. Bogomolets National Medical University, Zakharash Y.M. ,   A.A. Bogomolets National Medical University
Published: September 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of application radio-wave surgery device “Surgitron” and high-frequency electrosurgery devices “ERBE ICC 200”, “EFA”, “KLS Martin” for treatment of patients with combined anorectal pathology. Methods. The treatment results of patients (n=635) with a combined anorectal pathology have been analyzed. The use of the «Surgitron» radio-wave surgery apparatus 245 (38.6%) patients were operated on, the «ERBE ICC 200» high-frequency electrosurgery apparatus - 169 (26.6%) patients, the «EFA» high-frequency electrosurgery apparatus - 114 (17.9 %) patients, «KLS Martin» high-frequency electrosurgery apparatus - 107 (16.9%) patients. After those surgical interventions to assess the effectiveness of the abovementioned current technologies, patients were conducted a morphological examinationto determine the depth of the necrosis of tissues. Results. According to the study results it has been established that application of the “Surgitron” radio-wave surgery device, “ERBE ICC 200” high-frequency electrosurgical devices “EFA”, “KLS Martin” reduces duration of the operation up to 15-30 min, the volume of bleeding - up to 10-30 ml, need in narcotic drugs - up to 1-4 ml, period of hospitalization - up to 3-6 days. Using these technologies prevented the formation of anal strictures and scar pararectal deformations due to the insignificant depth of tissue necrosis (the depth 0,036 -l 0,453 mm), ensuring the cosmetic effect of combined operations. Conclusion. Application of the “Surgitron” radio-wave surgery device and “ERBE ICC 200” high-frequency electrosurgical devices, “EFA”, “KLS Martin” for treatment of patients with combined anorectal pathology reduces the operation duration, volume of bleeding and intensity of the postoperative pain. Use of these current technologies promotes the formation of a delicate elastic scar causing faster healing of postoperative wounds and improving the terms of patients’ rehabilitation. What this paper adds A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of using high-frequency electrosurgery devices “ERBEICC 200”, “EFA”, “KLSMartin” and radio-wave surgery device “Surgitron” for treatment of patients with combined anorectal pathology has been firstly made; also a degree of pathomorphological changes in tissues of anal canal and rectum after using the aforementioned current technologies has been studied to assess the effectiveness of their use for treatment of combined anorectal pathology.
ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT
Authors:   The Republican Scientific and Practical Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Eismont O. L.
Published: September 2021

The article presents a current view of the etiology and pathogenesis of, adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint and the basic principles of conservative and surgical treatmen. Idiopathic adhesive shoulder capsulitis is a self-limiting disease with gradual improvement in symptoms, sometimes demanding surgical treatment. Currently, the role of both inflammatory and fibrotizing processes in the pathogenesis of adhesive capsulitis is generally recognized, when the inflammatory process ultimately leads to fibrotic changes. The disease is associated with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, autoimmune diseases, and Dupuytren’s contracture. In theliterature there isno consensus on the unified treatment modality for adhesive capsulitis: conservative, operative, or combined. In a number of patients, improvement is achieved spontaneously, the recommended methods of treatment range from follow-up to invasive open capsulotomy. There is no universal treatment algorithm, so treatment should be individualized. By all accounts, conservative treatment is the first treatment of choice for adhesive capsulitis and includes physical therapy in combination with physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injection, and hydrodilation. Surgical treatment of adhesive capsulitis is indicated for patients with persistent symptoms of the disease and ineffectiveness of conservative treatment. Surgical treatment includes manipulation under anesthesia and / or shoulder capsulotomy (arthroscopic or open). Treatment of adhesive shoulder capsulitis remains an unresolved clinical problem. The existing treatment regimens are not universal and further studies with long-term outcomes are needed to develop more effective treatment modality.
Efficacy and Safety for the Combination of Neomycin, Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole and Lignocaine for the Treatment of Otitis Media with Perforation and Otitis Externa: Post-Marketing Surveillance Study
Authors: Pawaskar Lalit Jeevan , Kiran Dr. Mayuresh , Sheikh Ms. Shaheen , Waghambare Ms. Pramita
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Bacterial and/ or fungal infection of the middle or external ear can be painful and sometimes the infection can be of mixed nature i.e. caused due to both bacteria and fungi. The combination of antibiotics and antifungals can be used for the treatment of mixed ear infections, along with it, anti-inflammatory agent and anaesthetics can be combined to relieve the discomfort caused by the infection. This study was conducted to test the efficacy and safety for the combination of Neomycin, Beclomethasone, Clotrimazole and Lignocaine for the treatment of middle or external ear infection.

Method: Of enrolled 200, 177 patients completed the study. Efficacy was evaluated by symptom score (SS) scale which was an eleven-point scale ranging from 0 to 10 where 0 was no symptom to 10 was the maximum tolerated symptoms. All patients were asked to report SS on SS scale for ear pain, ear discharge and ear itching on day 1, 3 and 5. Safety assessment was made by analysing the adverse events reported by the patient.

Results: SS of ear pain was reduced from 6.158 at baseline visit to 3.050 at day 3 to 0.468 at day 5. SS of ear discharge reduced from 6.175 at baseline to 2.768 at day 3 to 0.491 at day 5. SS of ear itching reduced from 4.694 at baseline to 1.604 at day 3 to 0.299 at day 5.

Conclusion: The investigational product was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of otitis media and externa.