bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and rapid identification of Salmonella Infantis in broiler production in Turkey
Authors: ŞAHAN YAPICIER Özlem , SAREYYÜPOĞLU Barış
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) and other serovars were investigated in samples collected from commercial broiler chicken flocks in Turkey according to the ISO 6579:2002/Amd 1:2007, Annex D, standard method. Furthermore, previously developed S. Infantis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods with primers targeting fljB, fliC, IMP1-IMP2-IMP3 and sinI were conducted in different media (BPW, MRSV, MKTTN, XLD, and XLT4 agars) and during four incubation stages (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) of the ISO 6579 procedure to develop rapid and reliable diagnosis method. One-hundred thirty-three (15.6%) Salmonella strains were isolated from a total of 848 samples (240 cecal swabs, 200 cloacal swabs, 190 intestinal contents, 59 feed, 39 dust, and 120 litter). The serovar distribution of isolated strains was as follows: S. Infantis, 88.70%; S. Agona, 2.3%; S. Kentucky 1.50, S. Hadar 1.50, and S. Tennessee 1.50; S. Mbandaka 0.75 %, S. Montevideo 0.75 %, S. Enteritidis 0.75 %, S. Adelaide 0.75 %, S. Liverpool 0.75 %, and S. Derby 0.75 %. Primers targeting fljB, fliC, and IMP1-IMP2-IMP3 were not able to detect all S. Infantis isolates, therefore, a novel PCR technique was developed and validated in the study. It was concluded that it is a fast, reproducible and low-cost alternative to the gold standard method by detecting the S. Infantis isolates on the 3rd day at the earliest by PCR (sinI PCR). using primers specific to S. Infantis species.
Heterogeneous impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes in an emerging economy: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawardhani Niken , Pramana Rezanti , Saputri Nurmala , Suryadarma Daniel
Published: March 2021

Greater female labour market participation has important positive implications not only for women’s empowerment and the well-being of their families but also for the economy they live in. In this paper, we examine the various effects of internet availability on women’s labour market outcomes in Indonesia. As each worker subgroup tends to respond differently to changes in technology, examining the heterogeneity in the impact of internet availability on female labour market outcomes is central to our research. By constructing a district-level longitudinal dataset covering the period 2007–18, we find that internet availability has only a small significant effect on the female labour force participation rate and no statistically significant effect on the employment rate. However, internet availability increases the probability of women having a full-time job, especially for women aged 15–45 and those with a low level of education. Our study shows that internet availability does not always bring favourable labour market outcomes for women. We find that internet availability lowers the probability of women with a low level of education working in a high-skilled job and in the formal sector. Our results are robust to several robustness checks. Analysis of our qualitative interviews with a subsample of recent mothers supports the conclusion that the ability to be prepared for and attain flexible working conditions are two important values provided by the internet. We argue that a women-friendly working environment and adequate IT infrastructure are crucial elements in maximizing the role of the internet in helping women to achieve more favourable labour market outcomes.
Hoax Versus Freedom Of Speech (In The Perspective Of Pancasila)
Authors: Susmayanti Riana
Published: March 2021

HOAX is a negative consequence of the abuse of freedom of speech. The freedom of speech as part of the citizens' constitutional rights should be exercised responsibly. However, the Act on Electronic Information and Transaction limits the responsibility for HOAX deployment in articles only. Therefore, researchers want to see HOAX as a violation of the norms and values in Pancasila, because of the position of Pancasila as the source of all sources of law. This normative juridical research analyzes dogmatic, theory and legal philosophy which shows that HOAX has violated the norms in the five Precepts of Pancasila.
Crisis socioecológica y comunicación durante la Marea Roja de Chiloé (2016)
Authors: Valdebenito Allendes Jorge
Published: March 2021

¿Qué rol asumen los medios de comunicación durante el transcurso de las coyunturas de conflicto social en Chile? Delimitando a la crisis socioecológica de Chiloé del año 2016, se presenta un análisis del contenido de las proyecciones televisivas sobre sus principales hitos. Esto se realiza siguiendo un diseño muestral formulado para la comparación empírica del material periodístico, acorde a sus criterios normativos, plataforma de circulación y fase coyuntural. Teóricamente el análisis integra rendimientos provenientes de perspectivas luhmannianas y marxistas sobre la crisis, comunicación y relaciones socioecológicas. De conjunto, se articula un producto interdisciplinario de ciencias sociales y de la comunicación. Sus resultados problematizan la sucesión de colisiones de expectativas cognitivo-normativas, o en otros términos, el transcurso de las batallas ideológicas durante un episodio abierto de lucha de clases.
农村公路建设工程质量安全监督及管理策略
Authors: 宋 维慧
Published: March 2021

在现代化社会的发展中，农村公路工程建设直接关系着农村经济的发展，已成为交通运输行业发展的基础设施、重要设施，其施工质量直接影响着工程整体安全性、承载能力和使用年限，相关部门需要强化质量安全监控力度，保障农村公路施工建设的实用性、服务水平，为社会经济建设提供基础保障，论文主要针对农村公路建设工程质量安全监督及管理策略进行了分析，以提升公路工程的整体质量。
民航无线电干扰预警算法研究
Authors: 杨 钰
Published: March 2021

民航的无线电系统包括通信、雷达、导航等多方面民航运行保障系统，同时也是民航运行的重要组成部分，现代社会电磁环境复杂，对各个无线电系统的干扰也日益严重。关于民航无线电干扰预警的基础算法有两种，一种是基于粗糙集理论的算法，另一种是基于人工神经网络的算法，同样是利用干扰发生的历史数据，用 MATLAB 编程实现数据的预处理和神经网络的建立，通过网络的训练和自适应得到预测结果。
风环境对水泥石早期收缩性能的影响
Authors: 杨 自祥
Published: March 2021

论文研究了风环境对水泥石早期收缩行为以及失水行为的影响，分析了水泥石内部孔隙结构与水泥石早期收缩和失水量之间的相互关系，结果表明水灰比为 0.3 水泥石自收缩相对较小，干燥收缩占总收缩比例较大。表面风环境会显著增加水泥石的失水、干燥收缩和总收缩，因此，会引起收缩应力的总收缩也显著增加，使干燥收缩随着水泥石孔隙弯月面半径的增大而增大。水泥石失水量越大，弯月面对应的毛细管张力越大，干燥收缩也越高。
APLIKASI TUTORIAL MEMASAK MASAKAN KHAS SUMBAWA MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED RELITY BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Saputra Ademula Heryan
Published: March 2021

Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi (TI) dalam proses penyampaian informasi mengalami perkembangan pesat. Saat ini teknologi terbaru yang di pakai untuk menyampaikan informasi adalah teknologi Augmented Reality (AR), pada teknologi AR pengguna dapat memvisualisasikan object dalam bentuk 3 dimensi. AR sendiri memiliki banyak kelebihan di bidang bersifat interaktif sehingga AR banyak di implementasikan ke berbagai bidang. Di dunia pendidikan AR banyak di gunakan untuk memperkenalkan berbagai macam benda seperti makanan,bangunan,budaya,dan alat musik. Salah satu contoh resep masakan Indonesia karena memiliki rasa yang berbeda-beda dan berbagai macam jenis makanan dari setiap daerah salah satunya masakan sumbawa. Tujuan dari penelian ini adalah untuk lebih mengenalkan tentang masakan Sumbawa dan cara memasaknya.Berdasarkan hasil review dari berbagai jurnal dan buku tentang penelitian AR, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa AR dapat dipakai untuk lebih interaktif memperkenalkan dalam memperkenalkan masakan khas sumbawa. Maka dari itu penulis akan mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi tutorial memasak masakan khas sumbawa menggunakan Augmented Reality berbasis android. Metode yang digunakan bias menggunakan metode Marker Based Tracking dan Markless AR
IMPLEMENTASI IoT(Internet Of Things) MONITORING KUALITAS AIR DAN SISTEM ADMINISTRASI PADA PENGELOLA AIR BERSIH SKALA KECIL
Authors: Febrianti Fitri , Adi Wibowo Suryo , Vendyansyah Nurlaily
Published: March 2021

Kebutuhan air bersih untuk masyarakat Indonesia sangatlah penting. Baik itu digunakan untuk air minum , memasak, mandi dan mencuci. Namun kebutuhan air bersih ini sangat sulit di penuhi di daerah yang jauh dari sumber mata air, terlebih lagi sumur-sumur milik pribadi.  Kebanyakan sumber air yang diperoleh dari sumur sering sekali keruh dan pH airnya tidak sesuai dari batas nomal. Salah satunya di desa Pangkalan lada , Kalimantan Tengah. Masih banyak penduduknya menggunakan sumur tadah hujan yang kualitas airnya tidak selau baik. Dengan adanya masalah tersebut , solusi yang dapat di terapkan adalah monitoring kualitas air untuk menetukan baik buruknya kualitas air agar bisa digunakan oleh masyarakat.

Dikembangkan implementasi IoT(internet of things) monitoring kualitas air dan  sistem administrasi  pada pengelola air bersih skala kecil yang  menampilkan keadaan secara visual pada fitur monitoring dapat dikendalikan secara efisien dengan media wireless melalui website. Disamping itu dengan ditambahkannya sebuah sensor untuk mendeteksi kadar pH air dan penyaringannya dapat membantu penduduk yang sulit mendapatkan air bersih maupun menetukan bahwa air tersebut layak tidaknya untuk di konsumsi. Serta menampilkan biaya penggunaan PDAM dalam kurun waktu bulanan pada website monitoring yang didapatkan dari data sensor flow meter. Pengembangan ini termasuk dalam pengelolaan smart city  skala kecil, karena pengembangan alat ini membantu penduduk untuk lebih moderenisasi alat-alat dalam kehidupan sehari- hari .

Dari Implementasi IoT(internet of things) monitoring kualitas air dan  sistem administrasi    dilakukan pengujian pada Setiap alat yang dilakukan pada setiap sensor yang di gunakan pada tiap alat . Diperoleh Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sensor pH didapatkan nilai 7.00 untuk air mineral, air lemon  5.9, air sabun 10.4, dan dengan indikasi lakmus  dalam penentuan asam basa pada air. Pengujian diperoleh pada sensor turbidity terhadap air bersih didapatkan nilai rata-rata error0.12%, teh 0.02%, dan air kopi 0.08%.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT PADA AYAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors: Bere Jeremias , Dedy Irawan Joseph , Ariwibisono FX
Published: March 2021

Komoditas ayam di indonesia mempunyai prospek pasar yang sangat baik karena didukung oleh karakteristik produk yang dapat diterima oleh semua lapisan masyarakat, karena harga daging ayam yang relatif lebih murah (dibandingkan dengan daging sapi maupun kambing) dengan akses yang mudah diperoleh karena sudah menyebar di seluruh wilayah tanah air. Oleh karena itu, banyak masyarakat yang memanfaatkan ternak ayam sebagai ladang bisnisnya. Permasalahan utama yang merupakan tantangan terberat di peternakan ayam adalah munculnya penyakit, sehingga pengelolaanya perlu dilakukan secara efisien dan professional.

Oleh sebab itu, dalam penelitian ini dibangun suatu sistem pakar diagnosis penyakit pada ayam berdasarkan pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari seorang pakar. Sistem pakar yang dibangun berbasis website menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan basis data MySql. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode certainty factor, diamana duganakannya metode ini untuk menggambarkan tingkat keyakinan pakar terhadap suatu masalah. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun sistem pakar ini adalah data penyakit ayam beserta gejalanya.

Dari hasil pengujian yang di lakukan terhadap 11 orang responden, yaitu 10 user dan 1 orang pakar, didapatkan hasil 34% user sangat setuju, 44% user setuju, 18% user kurang setuju, dan 4% user tidak setuju. Dan pengujian yang ditujukan terhadap pakar didapatkan hasil presentase dari 2 penyakit dengan 10 gejala adalah 100% sedangnkan di sitem pakar diagnosa penyakit ayam menunjukan presentase 67,744% pada penyakit gumbro dengan jumlah 5 gejala dan presentase 69,706% pada penyakit mareks dengan jumlah 5 gejala.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PADI AQUAPONIC BERBASIS IoT(Internet of Things)
Authors: Wahyudi Desvianty Ayu , Adi Wibowo Suryo , Primaswara P Renaldi
Published: March 2021

Padi Aquaponic adalah sistem pertanian dengan metode menanam padi dan memelihara ikan dengan memanfaatkan kotoran ikan sebagai nutrisi pada padi. Dalam budidaya padi Aquaponic sering dijumpai permasalahan, sampai saat ini sistem padi Aquaponic masih dilakukan secara manual seperti memantau keadaan dari aliran pompa air, kelembaban tanah, kekeruhan air kolam dan pengendalian hama padi.

Dari permasalahan yang diuraikan diatas untuk itu dikembangkanlah sistem padi Aquaponic dengan konsep IoT (Internet Of Things) dapat dilakukan monitoring jarak jauh pada hardware atau alat menggunakan website dengan bantuan akses internet. Disamping itu ditambahkanya motor servo sebagai aktuator kendali buka dan tutup agar kabut dari pestisida yang dihasilkan oleh mist maker. Sistem kendali tersebut juga diterapkan sama dengan sistem pemberian pakan pada ikan, dengan pengaturan waktu pada modul RTC (Real Time Clock). Kemudian dibuat pula filtering air kolam otomatis jika terdeteksi air kolam keruh.

Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rata -rata persentase error pada sensor kelembaban 3.49% dan sensor debit 3.16%. Dari hasil pengujian kamera ESP32-Cam dapat diketahaui bahwa nilai IP yang diberikan sama / tetap. Website berjalan dengan baik di berbagai browser web (Opera, Google Chrome dan Microsoft Edge) karena aplikasinya merupakan website responsive yang dibuat menggunakan pemrograman PHP.
COMPENSATION SYSTEM AND EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF NON-ACADEMICS STAFF OF UNIVERSITIES
Authors: ADEOYE, Abayomi Olarewaju , OMOSANYA Oluwashola Kikelomo
Published: March 2021

This study explores the relationship between rewards system and employee performance in a public university in Nigeria. The study used descriptive research design. A sample size of 175 respondents was selected to participate in the study out of the population of 1745 employees using stratified sampling technique. Data from both primary and secondary sources were used for the study. Primary data was gathered from employees of Lagos State University with the help of the structured questionnaire to gather necessary and relevant data from the respondents. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It was interpreted in frequencies, percentages and spearman’s rank correlations. The findings were presented using tables and figures. From the results of the tested hypothesis., It shows a strong positive correlation between the dependent and independent variable with the r value of 0.701 which implies that there is a significant relationship between compensation system and employees performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between good compensation system and employees performance. It also demonstrated that a shift from a very narrow based reward structure involving only pay, to one which incorporates other rewards, both intrinsic and extrinsic, which are valued by the modern day workforce such as recognition and empowerment play an essential part in enhancing employee performance. The study recommends that to have a satisfactory and productive workforce, the management of Lagos State University should design and fashion out an effective compensation that is commensurate with the contribution of its non-academic staff as well as in agreement with what is obtainable by other employees in the country.
Perbandingan Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua dengan Perkembangan Sosial Emosi Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun
Authors: Lesmana Rini , Marthina Yvonne , Septiana Yorisye
Published: March 2021

Tumbuh kembang anak pada usia prasekolah terdiri dari 4 aspek yaitu aspek kognitif, bahasa, motorik, dan yang terpenting, sosial-emosi. Aspek sosial-emosi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pola asuh orangtua. Terdapat 3 tipe pola asuh orangtua yaitu tipe otoriter, demokrasi, dan permisif. Pola asuh dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yang paling penting adalah sosial ekonomi dan pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orangtua dengan perkembangan sosial emosi anak serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pola asuh orangtua. Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik purposive stratified random sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 108. Sampel penelitian ini adalah orangtua murid dari 5 TK di Jakarta T.A. 2019/2020. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah PSDQ (Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaires) untuk mengukur pola asuh orangtua dan ASQ:SE (Age and Stages Questionnaires: Social Emotional) untuk mengukur perkembangan sosial emosi anak. Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan pola asuh orangtua dengan perkembangan sosial emosi anak  (p= 0.004). Pola asuh yang baik akan menghasilkan perkembangan sosial emosi anak normal lebih banyak dan sebaliknya. Didapatkan juga adanya pengaruh status sosial ekonomi orangtua terhadap pola asuh orangtua (p= 0.002). Semakin rendah tingkat sosial ekonomi maka pola asuh cenderung otoriter dan sebaliknya.
How to Sue an Asue? Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Through the Transplantation of a Cultural Institution
Authors: Heron Cyril
Published: March 2021

Asues, academically known as Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (or ROSCAs for short), are informal cultural institutions that are prominent in developing countries across the globe. Their utilization in those countries provide rural and ostracized communities with a means to save money and invest in the community simultaneously. Adoption of the asue into the United States could serve as the foundation by which to close the racial wealth gap. Notwithstanding the benefits, wholesale adoption of any asue model runs the risk of cultural rejection because the institution is foreign to the African American community.

Drawing upon principles of cultural and legal transplantation, successful transplantation of cultural institutions is possible where parameters that provide contextual stability are put in place. Given that the most prominent drawback to ROSCAs is the risk of default and embezzlement, the contextual stabilizer to prevent cultural rejection should be one that secures the ROSCA from said default and nefarious members. Therefore, I propose that trust law can be that context stabilizer because it would provide legal recourse and mitigate the inherent risks involved in asue participation.
COVID-19 and Stigmatisation Processes
Authors: Serpa Sandro , Ferreira Carlos Miguel
Published: March 2021

In this Letter to Editor, we put forth a reflection on the stigmatisation processes shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

Received: 30 November 2020 / Accepted: 8 January 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
The Impact of Perceptions of Policy Dissemination, Communication, and Motivation on National Character Knowledge of Primary School Teachers
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Akbar Ma’ruf , Boeriswati Endry
Published: March 2021

This study measures perceptions of policy dissemination, communication, and teacher motivation on knowledge of primary school teachers' nationality character. The survey method with structural equation models was used involving 144 primary school teachers in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. The instruments were in the form of questionnaires on national character knowledge, policy dissemination, communication, and teacher motivation. The concern in this study is the cognitive abilities of primary school teachers in the form of knowledge of national characters and non-cognitive abilities in the form of policy dissemination, communication, and motivation. The study results indicated an influence of policy dissemination, communication, and motivation on primary school teachers' national character knowledge. Primary school teacher motivation provided a significant positive value on the teacher's nationality character's experience. In addition to the influence of non-cognitive abilities on cognitive abilities, there was also a positive influence between the non-cognitive abilities of primary school teachers. This study recommends that policymakers, including school principals, have an excellent opportunity to succeed in national character education, including character education in general, if policy dissemination is implemented optimally and appropriately to primary school teachers as educators.

 

Received: 12 January 2021 / Accepted: 16 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021
Effects of Near-Wall Vortices on Wall Shear Stress in a Centrifugal Pump Impeller
Authors: Shahid Salman , Hasan Abdul Qader , Sham Dol Sharul , S. Gadala Mohamed , Aris Mohd Shiraz
Published: March 2021

Boundary layer separation and vortex formation cause unappealing deterioration of pump pressure head. The purpose of this research paper is to correlate formation of vortices with near-wall shear stresses resulting in a loss of pump pressure head. This phenomenon is observed at the centrifugal pump impeller tip at various flow rates and impeller rotational velocities through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) analysis. This research paper investigates internal flow in a shrouded centrifugal impeller that is modelled under design flow rate conditions using ANSYS Fluent as its simulation bases solving built-in Navier-Stokes equation, and 𝑘 − 𝜔 SST turbulence model under steady conditions. Numerical results revealed an increase in wall shear stresses with increasing flow rate ranging from 314.2 Pa to 595.60 Pa at increments that pulsate per flow rate. Flow characteristics, such as evolution of vortices and flow turbulence enhance wall shear stresses increasing the wall skin-friction remarkably leading towards a loss in pressure head. This paper analyzes the vortices and turbulence in flow structures with regards to their influence upon the impeller performance.
Clinical Fracture of Fiber Reinforced Resin Composite Versus Conventional Resin Composite Restorations in Endodontically Treated Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sherifa Ahmed Abdelaziz Kandil  , Mohamed Riad Farid  , Shereen Hafez Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

Background: Short fiber reinforced resin composite (Ever X Posterior) is a bulk fill resin compositeindicated as a core dentine substitute at high stress-bearing areas improve strength and fracture toughness ofconventional resin composite and restored teeth. So, this randomized clinical trial was conducted to validateclinical performance of short fiber reinforced resin composite in endodontically treated molars.Method: 56 participants having endodontically treated lower molars with moderate amount of remainingtooth structure were randomly enrolled in this trial and received either Ever X Posterior covered by Gaenialposterior or only Gaenial posterior resin composite that applied according to manufacturer instructions.Mann-Whitney U test was used for intergroup comparisons and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used forintragroup comparisons. The significance level was set at p ? 0.05. No statistically significant difference wasobserved between both tested groups for all USPHS criteria at different follow-up periods except for colormatch favoring Gaenial posterior with a significant difference between both groups.Conclusion: Both types of restorations showed an acceptable clinical performance along 1 year follow-upperiod.
Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface
Authors: Zuzak Rafal , Szymonski Marek , Godlewski Szymon
Published: March 2021

Self-assembly of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on a Ge(001):H surface results in monolayer islands extending over hundreds of nanometers and comprising upright-oriented entities. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a transport gap of 2.70 eV in agreement with other reports regarding isolated FePc molecules. Detailed analysis of single FePc molecules trapped at surface defects indicates that the molecules stay intact upon adsorption and can be manipulated away from surface defects onto a perfectly hydrogenated surface. This allows for their isolation from the germanium surface.
Numerical Analysis of Phenomena Transport of a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
Authors: Herlambang Yusuf Dewantoro , Arifin Fatahul , Kurnianingsih  , Prasetyo Totok , Roihatin Anis
Published: March 2021

The investigation the PEM fuel cell under various conditions was carried out through numerical simulation. The results revealed that the mass transport resistance, the ionic resistance, and charge transfer resistance defined the current distribution in the cathode catalyst layer. The highest current distribution in the cell was determined by the highest depletion of oxygen concentration in the exit side of the channel, and the amount of the reacted and carried oxygen towards the electrode surface of the mass transfer conditions. Among all simulation conditions, the current density on the shape gas channel with the channel ratio height-width 1:1 and 2:1 was 1,061 and 1,078 A/m2, respectively, with the power density of the cell was 3,714 W/m2 and 3,776 W/m2, respectively.
A new natural hybrid of Iris (Iridaceae) from Chongqing, China
Authors: Xiao Yue-e , Yu Feng-yang , Zhou Xiao-feng
Published: March 2021

A newly discovered natural hybrid, Iris × ampliflora Y.E. Xiao, F.Y. Yu & X.F. Chen (Iridaceae: subgenus Limniris section Lophiris) from Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. This hybrid is morphologically similar to I. japonica Thunb. and I. wattii Baker, but can be distinguished by its giant leaves and large purple flowers. Phylogenetic trees based on cpDNA data support the separation of I. × ampliflora from other closely related species in the section Lophiris. According to its morphological features, molecular systematic evidence and chromosome data, we speculate that I. × ampliflora [31 chromosomes] likely is a new hybrid between I. japonica [2n = 32] and I. wattii [2n = 30].
Indications géographiques et dénominations génériques en droit du commerce international : une conditio sine qua non ?
Authors: Gagliani Gabriele
Published: March 2021

La protection des indications géographiques a récemment évolué en droit du commerce international. En effet, l’Union européenne (UE) a redoublé d’efforts pour promouvoir la protection des indications géographiques au niveau international et a obtenu des résultats importants. De l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, les États-Unis ont eux aussi renouvelé leurs efforts pour préserver et étendre la part de marché des dénominations génériques (dénominations qui ne peuvent pas être protégées par le biais des indications géographiques). L’article considère que l’UE a adopté une position plus rigide sur la protection des indications géographiques qu’elle a transformées en conditio sine qua non dans ses négociations commerciales internationales et que, d’une façon similaire, les dénominations génériques ont gagné en importance dans les négociations commerciales des États-Unis avec des pays tiers. Néanmoins, il semble avéré que le clivage entre l’UE et les États-Unis ne crée pas d’incompatibilité substantielle pour les pays tiers.
La dimension environnementale des accords de libre-échange : une perspective européenne
Authors: Pirlot Alice
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution analyse la dimension environnementale des accords de libre-échange, en particulier les accords récemment conclus par l’Union européenne. Elle est basée sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle les accords de libre-échange peuvent être un levier pour renforcer les normes de protection environnementale, bien que l’objectif premier de ces accords ne soit pas la lutte contre les problèmes environnementaux et que dans certains cas, ces accords puissent même mener à un nivellement par le bas des standards environnementaux. L’analyse est structurée en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, cette contribution donne un aperçu des dispositions environnementales intégrées dans les accords de libre-échange dont l’Union est partie. Dans un second temps, elle propose trois pistes de réflexion pour améliorer l’intégration des considérations environnementales dans les accords de libre-échange.
Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity in Five-Star Hotels in Sri Lanka: Moderating Role of Personal Initiatives
Authors: Karunasekara D.S.P. Chandika , Karunarathne R.A.I.C. , Wickramsinghe C.N.
Published: March 2021

The study focused on the moderating role of personal initiative in projecting employees' creativity through transformational leadership in five-star hotels in Sri Lanka. The data was collected from a sample of 312 employees and their immediate supervisors were collected and analyzed. The outcomes reveal that the transformational leadership style enhances creativity among their followers. Besides, a significant moderating role of the personal initiative was found in the association between transformational leadership and employee creativity. The outcomes highlighted the influence of employees' creativity working under transformational leaders when they perceive high personal initiative.
Noncytotoxic Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Regulates Human Immune Cells In Vitro and Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation in the Mouse
Authors: Ah Kioon Marie Dominique , Pierides Michael , Pannellini Tania , Lin Gang , Nathan Carl F. , Barrat Franck J.
Published: March 2021

Inhibitors of the immunoproteasome (i-20S) have shown promise in mouse models of autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. In this study, we used a novel inhibitor of the immunoproteasome, PKS3053, that is reversible, noncovalent, tight-binding, and highly selective for the β5i subunit of the i-20S to evaluate the role that i-20S plays in regulating immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to irreversible, less-selective inhibitors, PKS3053 did not kill any of the primary human cell types tested, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, conventional dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, all of which expressed genes encoding both the constitutive proteasome (c-20S) and i-20S. PKS3053 reduced TLR-dependent activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, decreasing their maturation and IFN-α response and reducing their ability to activate allogenic T cells. In addition, PKS3053 reduced T cell proliferation directly and inhibited TLR-mediated activation of conventional dendritic cells and macrophages. In a mouse model of skin injury that shares some features of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, blocking i-20S decreased inflammation, cellular infiltration, and tissue damage. We conclude that the immunoproteasome is involved in the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, that their activation can be suppressed with an i-20S inhibitor without killing them, and that selective inhibition of β5i holds promise as a potential therapy for inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis.
High-Resolution Ultrasound Study of Morphological Changes of the Pylorus in the Postoperative Cases of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Guria Mriganka , Ghosh Dipak , Bisth Janki , Basu Swadha Priya , Saha Kaushik
Published: March 2021

Aims:

The aim of this study was to find & compare the pyloric Canal Length (CL), Pyloric muscle thickness (MT) by using the High Resolution Ultrasonography (HRUS) in Preoperative & postoperative period (after Ramstedt Pyloromyotomy) for Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS).

Methods:

From January 2018 to June 2019, we have performed HRUS for 40 patients of clinically diagnosed cases of IHPS. & Ultrasonography machine: Phillips HD 7 machine & Alpinion E-CUBE with 3-12MHz linear probe, 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear probe and 5-7.5 MHz sector probe were used. The sonographic criteria for positive IHPS are Pyloric muscle thickness (MT) > 3 mm, pyloric Canal length (CL) >14 mm. Postoperative MT & CL at 2 month, 4 month & 6 month were determined and results were analysed with the preoperative pyloric parameters. Statistical analysis used: Mean and standard deviation of values were obtained by using Microsoft excel and statistical significance was analysed by regression study of grouped variables showing p – value by Microsoft excel.

Results:

Pyloric parameters (MT & CL ) gradually attain normal values over months and 80 % of patients showed resolution of pyloric MT & CL values by 6 months. MT assessment shows statistical significance at six months scan ( p- value <0.05).

Conclusions:

Serial postoperative HRUS in IHPS cases show gradual ( mostly by 6 months) resolution of pyloric parameters ( MT & CL ) to normal. MT appears to be a consistent parameter for serial assessment.
Surgical Occlusion of Leaking Bronchus by a Serratus Anterior Flap in a Child with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Joshua Lokavarapu Manoj , Rijhwani Ashok , Gupta Manish Kumar , Yhoshu Enono , Chaudhary Gyanendra
Published: March 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon disease of childhood. Intrathoracic transposition flaps have been described for a management of number of conditions. We discuss our experience of the use of serratus anterior flap for the obliteration of a pulmonary bulla with a communicating airway, in a 1½-year-old pediatric patient with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis who presented with recurrent pneumothorax with empyema due to rupture of bullae.
Comorbidity network analysis related to obesity in middle-aged and older adults: findings from Korean population-based survey data
Authors: Lee Hye Ah , Park Hyesook
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a comorbidity network analysis using data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to systematically quantify obesity-related comorbidities.METHODS: The study included 11,712 subjects aged 45 to 80 (5,075 male and 6,637 female). A prevalent disease was defined as a specific disease for which a subject had been diagnosed by a doctor and was being treated. Comorbidity network analysis was performed for diseases with a prevalence of 1% or more, including overweight and obesity. We estimated the observed-to-expected ratio of all possible disease pairs with comorbidity strength and visualized the network of obesity-related comorbidities.RESULTS: In subjects over 45 years old, 37.3% of people had a body mass index over 25.0 kg/m2. The most common prevalent disease was hypertension (42.3%), followed by dyslipidemia (17.4%) and diabetes (17.0%). Overweight and obese subjects were 2.1 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 2.3) more likely to have a comorbidity (i.e., 2 or more diseases) than normal-weight subjects. Metabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and osteoarthritis were directly associated with overweight and obesity. The probability of coexistence for each of those 4 diseases was 1.3 times higher than expected. In addition, hypertension and dyslipidemia frequently coexisted in overweight and obese female along with other diseases. In obese male, dyslipidemia and diabetes were the major diseases in the comorbidity network.CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence justifying the management of metabolic components in obese individuals. In addition, our results will help prioritize interventions for comorbidity reduction as a public health goal.
Technology and social cohesion: deploying artificial intelligence in mediating herder-farmer conflicts in Nigeria
Authors: Oyekan Adeolu Oluwaseyi
Published: March 2021

This paper argues for the role of technology, such as artificial intelligence, which includes machine learning, in managing conflicts between herders and farmers in Nigeria. Conflicts between itinerant Fulani herders and farmers over the years have resulted in the destruction of lives, properties, and the displacement of many indigenous communities across Nigeria, with devastating social, economic and political consequences. Over time, the conflicts have morphed into ethnic stereotypes, allegations of ethnic cleansing, forceful appropriation and divisive entrenchment of labels that are inimical to national existence. The reality of climate change and increased urbanization suggest that conflicts are likely to exacerbate over shrinking resources in the near future. Finding solutions to the conflicts, therefore requires innovative thinking capable of addressing the limits of past approaches. While mindful of the human and political dimension of the conflicts, I argue using the method of philosophical analysis that technology possesses the capacity for social transformation, and make a case for the modernization of grazing culture and the curbing of crossborder grazing through machine learning (ML) and other forms of artificial intelligence. Machine Learning represents a transformative technology that addresses the security challenges of irregular migration, accommodates the nomadic and subsistent mode of farming associated with the conflicting parties while enabling a gradual but stable transition to full modernization. I conclude that machine learning holds many prospects for minimizing conflicts and attaining social cohesion between herders and farmers when properly complemented by other mechanisms of social cohesion that may be political in nature.
The Role of National Farmers Helps Line in Agricultural Information Dissemination Among Crop Farmers in Nigeria: A Case Study of Farmers Help Line Centre, NAERLS ABU Zaria
Authors: Bashir Mohammed Bawuro , Adam Ali Goni , Abubakar Jamila Abdulkadir , Faruk Aliyu Umar , Garuba Halimat Suraj , Francis Nyayekonung Bege
Published: March 2021

The study examined the role of national farmers helpline in agricultural information dissemination among crop farmers in Nigeria, with the specific objectives to identify the various sources of information on agricultural practices available to the farmers and identify the various information disseminated to the farmers from the National Farmers Helpline. One Thousand farmers were randomly selected from the farmers who frequently call the Helpline Centre from the database of NAERLS across the six geo-political zones of Nigeria; to source the required information. Some of the crop farmers were contacted through phone calls, SMS, and social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp while some were through administration of questionnaires and face to face discussion. Data sourced were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage for analysis and were presented in tables and charts. The findings reveal that the Farmers Help Line Centre, NEARLS supply farmers around the country with all the necessary information on cultural practices, access to improved seed varieties, fertilizer and application, pest and disease management practices, weed management practices, marketing strategies, post-harvest activities, management of farm tools and machineries and also information on Government policies on agriculture. It is recommended that stakeholders of National Farmers Help Line ensure the sustainability of its services by including other Nigerian languages to have a larger coverage and not limiting spoken languages to only the major Nigerian languages (English, Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo and Nigerian pidgin); and also extend their services to West African countries and other parts of the globe at large.

Key words: Agriculture, information, dissemination and crop farmers
Adoption of biosecurity for disease prevention and control by poultry farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Tasie C. M , Wilcox G. I. , Kalio A. E.
Published: March 2021

The study assessed the adoption of biosecurity for disease prevention and control by poultry farmers in Imo State. The objectives of study were to: ascertain the socio - economic characteristics of poultry farmers in Imo State; identify sources of informationon biosecurity measures adopted by poultry farmers for disease prevention and control in Imo State; ascertain biosecurity measures adopted by poultry farmers for disease prevention and control in Imo State; determine factors influencing adoption of biosecurity practices. A research survey of 60 owners and managers of poultry farms was used. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select samples for the study and data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Logit regression). The study revealed that most of the poultry farmers in the study area were male and married and that these farmers were still intheiractiveandproductiveageand most of them were educated. Majority of the poultry farmers in the study area were micro and small scale farmers and have considerable experience in poultry production and are members of farmers’ groups with profit motive as their farming enterprise objective. Majority of the poultry farmers had training in livestock management and most of the respondents did not receive any extension visit for the past two years up to the date of data collection and that the practice of biosecurity in the study area is high. Farmers association, veterinary officers, Internet and researchers are the significant sources of information on biosecurity to the poultry farmers in the study area. Age, cooperative membership, experience in poultry farming, training, farm size, education and access to credit significantly influenced the adoption of biosecurity practices in the study area. Any increase in the level of these variables would increase the level of adoption of biosecurity practices for disease prevention and control in the study area. Based on the findings of the this study, it is recommended that aggressive sensitization of the poultry farmers through seminars, workshops and conferences by relevant authorities on the advantages of adoption of biosecurity measures in their farms and encouraging fellow farmers to do so.
Analysis of profitability and operational efficiencies of fresh tomato marketing: empirical evidence from Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Olugbire O.O. , Aremu F.J. , Oke D.O. , Kolade R.I
Published: March 2021

Although marketing is considered a very important aspect of agricultural production, it has been a neglected aspect of agricultural development plans and this has led to a situation where marketers of fresh tomatoes are not able to track their level of profitability and which invariably makes it difficult to attract prospective investor to the business. This study examines empirically profitability and operational efficiencies of fresh tomato marketing in South Western Nigeria. The study employed primary data using structured questionnaires to collect information from 100 randomly selected fresh tomato marketers in the study area. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics; gross margin and marketing efficiency analytical techniques. The result of the analysis revealed that for every ₦100 invested in fresh tomato trading in the study area, wholesalers, retailers and wholesalers/retailerrealized profit of ₦28.00, ₦18.00 and ₦ 258.00 respectively while the average operational efficiencies of wholesalers, retailers and wholesalers/retailer are 60.85%, 74.00% and 80.50% respectively. These positive and size of profits obtained for each fresh tomato marketing institutions is an indication that these institutions were able to recover their operating expenses; hence, marketing fresh tomato in the study area isprofitable and efficient.
A step-by-step integration of isiZulu mood as a grammatical feature into secondary school level creative writing
Authors: Mndawe Isaac
Published: March 2021

This article proposes how to infuse grammatical features, isiZulu moods in particular, into the creative writing processes at Senior and Further Education and Training (SP and FET) Phases. IsiZulu moods are grammatical features that are underused by teachers in the teaching of isiZulu creative writing. This study would help isiZulu teachers to acquire adequate language teaching skills and techniques, thus learning the proper application of grammatical feature. IsiZulu teachers would shift from teaching grammar as a standalone to communicative language teaching. The main method of investigation was the review of literature on the teaching of grammar, such as the works of Harry Noden, Image Grammar, isiZulu textbooks and methodology books used for language teaching. The Departmentof Education curriculum documents were analysed and discussed systematically. We have observed that the presentation of moods in most isiZulu of school textbooks is technical in that it focuses on their morphological structure and less on their semantic and syntacticstructures. The syllabus is not explicit why grammatical feature, such as mood, should be studied and how learners can apply the different moods in their creative writing activities. We argue that learning how to use isiZulu moods could improve learners’ quality of writing and enable them to write effective texts.

Keywords: Creative writing; writing skills; isiZulu grammar; sentences; moods
DISKRESI SEBAGAI DASAR PERTIMBANGAN PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: HSB ALI MARWAN , SHANTY VALENTINA
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKSetiap peraturan perundang-undangan yang dibentuk oleh lembaga negara atau pejabat yang berwenang dapat berlaku di masyarakat apabila dipertimbangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan dapat dilaksanakan di masyarakat. Di mana pertimbangan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan ini dituangkan dalam konsideran yang pada umumnya terdiri dari landasan filosofis, landasan sosiologis, dan landasan yuridis. Namun, dalam prakteknya ketentuan ini tidak diikuti di mana ditemukan peraturan perundang-undangan menggunakan diskresi sebagai dasar pertimbangan pembentukannya. Berdasarkan penelusuran ditemukan bahwa diskresi dikenal dalam hukum administrasi negara yang berarti bahwa keputusan dan/atau tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pejabat pemerintahan yang out put - nya adalah peraturan kebijakan bukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Oleh karena itu, diskresi tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan diskresi sebagai dasar pertimbangan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dinilai kurang tepat. Karena penggunaan diskresi sebagai dasar pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan berpotensi terjadinya penyalahgunaan kewenangan.Kata Kunci: Diskresi, konsideran, peraturan perundang-undangan
THE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE TURKISH HEALTH LAW
Authors: YILMAZ İlhan
Published: March 2021

The public‒private partnership system has been established in the form of city hospitals for the provision of health services effectively and extensively in line with the needs of modern times. However, there still remains a need for centralised PPP management, familiar with all dimensions of PPP issues that benefit the public while at the same time attracting putative investors for the sustainability of the model. Objective: This study examines the latest legal situation of the Public Private Partnership in the health sector in Turkey in the light of its historical development and proposes necessary recommendations for a sustainable system for all stakeholders. Method: The legislation adopted so far in the health sector in Turkey has been reviewed within the scope of judicial decisions. In terms of the relevant law that came into force, the deficiencies of the system on the legal basis were revealed and comparisons were made with other foreign local legislation and international texts. Findings: It has been determined that public disclosure/transparency is inevitable for the legitimacy of the system, especially in the Public-Private Partnership model in health sector, which needs to be planned considering the public interest. Thus, it is foreseen that the interests of both putative investors and the public can be balanced. As a result, the sustainability of the system can be ensured. Originality: This article does not only examine the development of the national legislation in its historical scene and the latest legal texts in force, but also examines the works of international organizations that deal with the Public Private Partnership model by comparing other national legislation and practices. Thus, the result puts before us a system that has been tested or is applicable at a global level.
Effect of Mn2+ dopants on the photocatalytic efficiency of MoS2
Authors: Phan Thi Thuy Trang , Truong Cong Duc , Truong Thanh Tam , Vo Vien , Nguyen Hong Lien
Published: March 2021

The Mn-doped MoS2 (Mn-MoS2) material is fabricated by a facile one-step calcination method. The Mn2+ content introduced into MoS2 is ranged from 1 wt% to 7 wt%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy SEM results suggest that the doping of Mn2+ does not alter the crystal structure and the morphology of MoS2. However, it helps the Mn-doped MoS2 to exhibit stronger visible light absorption and higher magnetism. Especially, in the RhB degradation under visible light irradiation, better photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared Mn-doped MoS2 is observed compared to that of pure MoS2