bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated Control Strategy of Source-Grid-Load-Storage in Distribution Network Considering Demand Response
Authors: Zhu Youxiang , Li Dong , Xiao Shenyang , Liu Xuekong , Bu Shi , Wang Lijun , Ma Kai , Ma Piming
Published: July 2024

This study aims to minimize the overall cost of wind power, photovoltaic power, energy storage, and demand response in the distribution network. It aims to solve the source-grid-load-storage coordination planning problem by considering demand response. Additionally, the study includes a deep analysis of the relationship between demand response, energy storage configuration, and system cost. A two-level planning model is established for wind power and photovoltaic power grid connection, including demand response, wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage. The model minimizes the sum of the differences between the total load and the total new energy generation after demand response in each time period as the bottom-level objective and minimizes the overall cost of the distribution network as the top-level objective, achieving the coordinated configuration of wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage. The simplex method is used to solve the model, and the improved IEEE33 node system is used as an example for verification. The simulation results fully prove the model’s correctness and the algorithm’s effectiveness, supporting the coordinated planning of distribution networks.
Increasing Offline Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition Using Separated Pre-Training Models: A Computer Vision Approach
Authors: He Xiaoli , Zhang Bo , Long Yuan
Published: July 2024

Offline handwritten Chinese character recognition involves the application of computer vision techniques to recognize individual handwritten Chinese characters. This technology has significantly advanced the research in online handwriting recognition. Despite its widespread application across various fields, offline recognition faces numerous challenges. These challenges include the diversity of glyphs resulting from different writers’ styles and habits, the vast number of Chinese character labels, and the presence of morphological similarities among characters. To address these challenges, an optimization method based on a separated pre-training model was proposed. The method aims to enhance the accuracy and robustness of recognizing similar character images by exploring potential correlations among them. In experiments, the HWDB and Chinese Calligraphy Styles by Calligraphers datasets were employed, utilizing precision, recall, and the Macro-F1 value as evaluation metrics. We employ a convolutional self-encoder model characterized by high recognition accuracy and robust performance. The experimental results demonstrated that the separated pre-training models improved the performance of the convolutional auto-encoder model, particularly in handling error-prone characters, resulting in an approximate 6% increase in precision.
Waveguide-Based Split-Ring Resonators for Narrow-Band Filters Near 380 GHz
Authors: Williams Samantha Leigh , Reising Steven C.
Published: July 2024

This work addresses the design of sub-terahertz narrow-band resonators for high performance and low-cost manufacturability. The intended application for these resonators is to realize narrow-band filters for passive millimeter-wave sounding of upper atmospheric humidity using the 380 GHz water vapor absorption line. Various narrow-band resonator designs and manufacturing processes were considered for this application. A design based on a waveguide split-ring resonator topology was selected to be developed and manufactured using laser machining. Experimental results are presented and compared with results from simulations for ten narrow-band resonators fabricated with a design center frequency in the WR-2.2 (325–500 GHz) waveguide band.
The Behavior of Terminal Voltage and Frequency of Wind-Driven Single-Phase Induction Generators under Variations in Excitation Capacitances for Different Operating Conditions
Authors: Anagreh Yaser , Al-Quraan Ayman
Published: July 2024

This paper assesses the behavior of output voltage and frequency of wind-driven self-excited induction generators with variable excitation capacitances connected to the main and auxiliary windings under different operating conditions. The optimum values of the main winding excitation capacitance for fixed terminal voltage operation under different values of shunt capacitance, load, and speed are also evaluated. The obtained results show that the terminal voltage is highly affected by changing the main winding excitation capacitance. In addition, the frequency is greatly affected by changing the auxiliary winding excitation capacitance. However, under different operating conditions, variation in the output frequency under different values of the main winding capacitance, with fixed auxiliary winding capacitance, is acceptable. Extensive simulations were conducted and the results are discussed in this publication.
Evaluation of Energy-Production Preferences Using ANP Methodology Based on a Comprehensive Residential Survey
Authors: Groma Veronika , Börcsök Endre , Oltra Christian , Bustreo Chiara , Terjék Adrián T. , Osán János
Published: July 2024

Public opinion significantly influences discussions on the selection of technologies for future energy systems. Our goal was to support the development of energy scenarios by evaluating decision-making criteria and energy-production alternatives at a national level. The importance of the criteria and the determination of energy-production preferences were based on a social survey conducted in European countries. However, public opinions on specific technologies are frequently based on limited knowledge and can vary depending on the context. In our study, we analyzed the comparative data sets from an international survey on energy sources using three approaches: direct ranking, a comparison using various criteria, and classifying the knowledge of technologies. The evaluated results not only provide an excellent opportunity for the development of energy scenarios but also enable policymakers to develop more effective communication strategies to inform the public about technological choices and raise awareness of the need for modifications to the energy system.
A Review of Grease Trap Waste Management in the US and the Upcycle as Feedstocks for Alternative Diesel Fuels
Authors: Mata Andres , Zhang Junsong , Pridemore Joshua , Johnson Kevin , Holliday Nathan , Helmstetter Art , Lu Mingming
Published: July 2024

As byproducts generated by commercial and domestic food-related processes, FOGs (fats, oils, and grease) are the leading cause of sewer pipe blockages in the US and around the world. Grease trap waste (GTW) is a subcategory of FOG currently disposed of as waste, resulting in an economic burden for GTW generators and handlers. This presents a global need for both resource conservation and carbon footprint reduction, particularly through increased waste upcycling. Therefore, it is critical to better understand current GTW handling practices in the context of the urban food–energy–water cycle. This can be accomplished with firsthand data collection, such as onsite visits, phone discussions, and targeted questionnaires. GTW disposal methods were found to be regional and correspond to key geographical locations, with landfill operations mostly practiced in the Midwest regions, incineration mainly in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions, and digestion mainly in the West of the US. Select GTW samples were analyzed to evaluate their potential reuse as low-cost feedstocks for biodiesel or renewable diesel, which are alternatives to petroleum diesel fuels. Various GTW lipid extraction technologies have been reviewed, and more studies were found on converting GTW into biodiesel rather than renewable diesel. The challenges for these two pathways are the high sulfur content in biodiesel and the metal contents in renewable diesel, respectively. GTW lipid extraction technologies should overcome these issues while producing minimum-viable products with higher market values.
Insect Herbivores, Plant Sex, and Elevated Nitrogen Influence Willow Litter Decomposition and Detritivore Colonization in Early Successional Streams
Authors: LeRoy Carri J. , Heitmann Sabrina J. , Thompson Madeline A. , Garthwaite Iris J. , Froedin-Morgensen Angie M. , Hartford Sorrel , Kamakawiwo’ole Brandy K. , Thompson Lauren J. , Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Claeson Shannon M. , Evans Rebecca C. , Bishop John G. , Busby Posy E.
Published: July 2024

Headwater streams are reliant on riparian tree leaf litterfall to fuel brown food webs. Terrestrial agents like herbivores and contaminants can alter plant growth, litter production, litter quality, and the timing of litterfall into streams, influencing aspects of the brown food web. At Mount St. Helens (USA), early successional streams are developing willow (Salix sitchensis) riparian zones. The willows are attacked by stem-boring herbivores, altering litter quality and the timing of litterfall. Within a established experimental plots, willows (male and female plants) were protected from herbivores using insecticides and provided with experimental additions of nitrogen. This enabled us to test the interacting influences of herbivores, nitrogen deposition, and willow sex on leaf litter quality, aquatic litter decomposition, and microbial and invertebrate detritivores. We found weak litter quality effects (higher N and lower C:N) for the herbivore treatment, but no effect of nitrogen deposition. Although litter decomposition rates were not strongly affected by litter treatments, detritivore communities were altered by all treatments. Nitrogen deposition resulted in decreased bacterial richness and decreased fungal diversity in-stream. Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were influenced by the interacting effects of herbivory and nitrogen addition, with abundances highest in herbivore litter with the greatest N addition. Shredders showed the highest abundance in male, herbivore-attacked litter. The establishment of riparian willows along early successional streams and their interacting effects with herbivores and nitrogen deposition may be influencing detritivore community assembly at Mount St. Helens. More broadly, global changes like increased wet and dry N deposition and expanded ranges of key herbivores might influence tree litter decomposition in many ecosystems.
Leaf Trait Variations and Ecological Adaptation Mechanisms of Populus euphratica at Different Developmental Stages and Canopy Heights
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhai Juntuan , Zhang Jinlong , Han Xiaoli , Ge Xiaokang , Si Jianhua , Li Jingwen , Li Zhijun
Published: July 2024

The ability of plants to alter specific combinations of leaf traits during development and in response to abiotic stress is crucial for their success and survival. While there are numerous studies on the variation of leaf traits within the canopies of Populus species, the application of network analysis to understand the variation and combinations of these traits across different growth stages is rare. The leaves of Populus euphratica, a dominant species in arid regions, exhibit notable morphological variations at different developmental stages and canopy heights in response to water scarcity and climate change. In this study, 34 leaf traits (morphological, chemical, photosynthetic, and hydraulic) and their roles in drought adaptation were investigated in 60 Populus euphratica plants at five developmental stages and five canopy heights using leaf trait network (LTN) analysis. The aim was to analyze adaptive strategies to arid environments at different developmental stages and canopy heights through the interdependence of leaf traits. The results showed that the internal coordination capacity of leaf trait networks decreased and then increased with each developmental stage, while the functional modules of leaf trait networks were loosely connected and aggregated with the increase in tree diameter at breast height. With increasing canopy height, the coordination linkage’s ability between leaf traits showed an increasing then decreasing trend, and the traits of the leaves in the canopy at 6 m were more closely connected, less modular, and simpler in topology compared with those in the other layers. Leaves form functional modules by coordinating specific traits that promote growth and resist drought. Leaf photosynthesis, water transport, and nutrient traits were central to different developmental stages, whereas leaf morphology, nutrient metabolism, and drought-resistance-related traits were central to the canopy height. Leaf morphology and osmoregulatory traits play key roles in leaf trait network regulation, including leaf length and width, leaf shape index, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, which are important “intermediary traits” in the Populus euphratica leaf network. Further analysis revealed that structural traits were important at different developmental stages and canopy heights. When resources are limited, the leaf preferentially maintains a stable connection between structural traits to enhance photosynthesis, and these traits and their combinations might confer drought resistance. During the rapid development stage, the connection between chemical traits becomes important, and the leaf grows by rapidly accumulating nutrients. In summary, this study provides new perspectives and insights into the drought adaptation strategies of P. euphratica at different developmental stages and canopy heights by analyzing leaf trait networks.
Wetted Ramps Selectively Block Upstream Passage of Adult Sea Lampreys
Authors: Reinhardt Uli , Corniuk Nicholas
Published: July 2024

Dams fragment stream habitats and fishways around dams typically serve few species that are strong swimmers or jumpers. We tested a prototype wetted ramp designed to allow upstream passage of small-bodied fishes while blocking upstream movement of invasive sea lampreys in the Laurentian Great Lakes. We tested short, smooth ramps with 5–10 mm water depth in various combinations of ramp angle, water flow, and swim channel width with the aim to selectively block adult migrating sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) while passing sub-adult white suckers (Catostomus commersonii) and creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus). Sea lampreys easily passed a 0.75 ramp at a 5° angle, but very few individuals passed a similar ramp at a 10° angle, and none passed a longer ramp at a 5° angle. Limiting the amplitude of tailbeats in a narrow channel did not hamper lampreys or the other species. Greater water flow, and thereby greater immersion depth on the ramp, fostered passage for all species. Smaller-bodied individuals of creek chubs and white suckers performed best on the ramp. We showed that wetted ramps could be incorporated into fishways at low-head dams to aid the passage of smaller-bodied fishes while also blocking the spawning migration of adult sea lampreys.
Arazá: Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaught as a Potential Functional Food
Authors: Acosta-Vega Luis , Moreno Diego A. , Cuéllar Álvarez Liceth N.
Published: July 2024

Arazá is a fruit native to the Amazonian region with characteristic properties such as aroma, texture, color, and marked acidity. Additionally, the fruit is rich in bioactive compounds in its three fractions (seed, pulp, and peel), such as ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds (and their derivatives), and carotenoids, which have been extensively investigated in the literature for their beneficial properties for human health. However, it is a little-known fruit, and the role it can play in health-promoting activities related to the treatment and prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) when incorporated into the diet is also unknown. Therefore, it is necessary to know the profile of bioactive compounds and the biological properties Arazá possesses, which is the aim of this review.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Quinoa Polysaccharides Inhibiting 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Proliferation
Authors: Teng Cong , Guo Shengyuan , Li Ying , Ren Guixing
Published: July 2024

Quinoa is a highly nutritious and biologically active crop. Prior studies have demonstrated that quinoa polysaccharides exhibit anti-obesity activity. This investigation confirmed that quinoa polysaccharides have the ability to inhibit the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The objective of transcriptome research was to investigate the mechanism of quinoa water-extracted polysaccharides and quinoa alkaline-extracted polysaccharides that hinder the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. There were 2194 genes that showed differential expression between untreated cells and those treated with high concentrations of quinoa water-extracted polysaccharides (QWPHs). There were 1774 genes that showed differential expression between untreated cells and those treated with high concentrations of quinoa alkaline-extracted polysaccharides (QAPHs). Through gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis, 20 characteristic pathways are found significantly enriched between the untreated group and the QAPH and QWPH groups. These pathways include the NOD-like receptor, Hepatitis C, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Atp13A4 and Gbgt1 have been identified as genes that are upregulated and downregulated in both the untreated group and the QWPH group, as well as in the untreated group and the QAPH group. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for exploring quinoa polysaccharides as an anti-obesity agent.
Comprehensive Clustering Analysis and Profiling of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Related Factors across U.S. Counties: Insights for Future Pandemic Responses
Authors: Maleki Morteza , Ghahari SeyedAli
Published: July 2024

This study employs comprehensive clustering analysis to examine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and related socio-demographic factors across U.S. counties, using the collected and curated data from Johns Hopkins University. Utilizing K-Means and hierarchical clustering, we identify five distinct clusters characterized by varying levels of vaccine hesitancy, MMR vaccination coverage, population demographics, and political affiliations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted to reduce dimensionality, and key variables were selected based on their contribution to cumulative explained variance. Our analysis reveals significant geographic and demographic patterns in vaccine hesitancy, providing valuable insights for public health strategies and future pandemic responses. Geospatial analysis highlights the distribution of clusters across the United States, indicating areas with high and low vaccine hesitancy. In addition, multiple regression analyses within each cluster identify key predictors of vaccine hesitancy in corresponding U.S. county clusters, emphasizing the importance of socio-economic and demographic factors. The findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and tailored communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy across the United States and, potentially, across the globe.
Correction: Sharma et al. Effects of Funneliformis mosseae and Potassium Silicate on Morphological and Biochemical Traits of Onion Cultivated under Water Stress. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 663
Authors: Sharma Meenakshi , Delta Anil Kumar , Kaushik Prashant
Published: July 2024

The Horticulturae Editorial Office wishes to make the following changes to the author’s paper [...]
Clinical and Molecular Characterization of SMAD4 Splicing Variants in Patients with Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
Authors: Forte Giovanna , Buonadonna Antonia Lucia , Fasano Candida , Sanese Paola , Cariola Filomena , Manghisi Andrea , Guglielmi Anna Filomena , Lepore Signorile Martina , De Marco Katia , Grossi Valentina , Disciglio Vittoria , Simone Cristiano
Published: July 2024

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is an inherited autosomal dominant condition that predisposes to the development of juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and it poses an increased risk of GI malignancy. Germline causative variants were identified in the SMAD4 gene in a subset (20%) of JPS cases. Most SMAD4 germline genetic variants published to date are missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations. SMAD4 germline alterations predicted to result in aberrant splicing have rarely been reported. Here, we report two unrelated Italian families harboring two different SMAD4 intronic variants, c.424+5G>A and c.425-9A>G, which are clinically associated with colorectal cancer and/or juvenile GI polyps. In silico prediction analysis, in vitro minigene assays, and RT-PCR showed that the identified variants lead to aberrant SMAD4 splicing via the exonization of intronic nucleotides, resulting in a premature stop codon. This is expected to cause the production of a truncated protein. This study expands the landscape of SMAD4 germline genetic variants associated with GI polyposis and/or cancer. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of the functional characterization of SMAD4 splicing variants through RNA analysis, which can provide new insights into genetic disease variant interpretation, enabling tailored genetic counseling, management, and surveillance of patients with GI polyposis and/or cancer.
MicroRNA-181a Targets GNAI2 and Affects the Proliferation and Induction Ability of Dermal Papilla Cells: The Potential Involvement of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: He Mingliang , Lv Xiaoyang , Mwacharo Joram M. , Li Yutao , Wang Shanhe , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

Wool is generated by hair follicles (HFs), which are crucial in defining the length, diameter, and morphology of wool fibers. However, the regulatory mechanism of HF growth and development remains largely unknown. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are a specialized cell type within HFs that play a crucial role in governing the growth and development of HFs. This study aims to investigate the proliferation and induction ability of ovine DPCs to enhance our understanding of the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying ovine HF growth and development. Previous research has demonstrated that microRNA-181a (miR-181a) was differentially expressed in skin tissues with different wool phenotypes, which indicated that miR-181a might play a crucial role in wool morphogenesis. In this study, we revealed that miR-181a inhibited the proliferation and induction ability of ovine DPCs by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, and alkaline phosphatase staining. Then, we also confirmed G protein subunit alpha i2 (GNAI2) is a target gene of miR-181a by dual luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and Western blot, and that it could promote the proliferation and induction ability of ovine DPCs. In addition, GNAI2 could also activate the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway in ovine DPCs. This study showed that miR-181a can inhibit the proliferation and induction ability of ovine DPCs by targeting GNAI2 through the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
Genome-Wide Identification and Interaction Analysis of Turbot Heat Shock Protein 40 and 70 Families Suggest the Mechanism of Chaperone Proteins Involved in Immune Response after Bacterial Infection
Authors: Geng Yuanwei , Gai Yuxuan , Zhang Yanping , Zhao Shengwei , Jiang Anlan , Li Xueqing , Deng Kaiqing , Zhang Fuxuan , Tan Lingling , Song Lin
Published: July 2024

Hsp40–Hsp70 typically function in concert as molecular chaperones, and their roles in post-infection immune responses are increasingly recognized. However, in the economically important fish species Scophthalmus maximus (turbot), there is still a lack in the systematic identification, interaction models, and binding site analysis of these proteins. Herein, 62 Hsp40 genes and 16 Hsp70 genes were identified in the turbot at a genome-wide level and were unevenly distributed on 22 chromosomes through chromosomal distribution analysis. Phylogenetic and syntenic analysis provided strong evidence in supporting the orthologies and paralogies of these HSPs. Protein–protein interaction and expression analysis was conducted to predict the expression profile after challenging with Aeromonas salmonicida. dnajb1b and hspa1a were found to have a co-expression trend under infection stresses. Molecular docking was performed using Auto-Dock Tool and PyMOL for this pair of chaperone proteins. It was discovered that in addition to the interaction sites in the J domain, the carboxyl-terminal domain of Hsp40 also plays a crucial role in its interaction with Hsp70. This is important for the mechanistic understanding of the Hsp40–Hsp70 chaperone system, providing a theoretical basis for turbot disease resistance breeding, and effective value for the prevention of certain diseases in turbot.
Advancing Cardiovascular Drug Screening Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Oh Jisun , Kwon Oh-Bin , Park Sang-Wook , Kim Jun-Woo , Lee Heejin , Kim Young-Kyu , Choi Eun Ji , Jung Haiyoung , Choi Dong Kyu , Oh Bae Jun , Min Sang-Hyun
Published: July 2024

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have emerged as a promising tool for studying cardiac physiology and drug responses. However, their use is largely limited by an immature phenotype and lack of high-throughput analytical methodology. In this study, we developed a high-throughput testing platform utilizing hPSC-CMs to assess the cardiotoxicity and effectiveness of drugs. Following an optimized differentiation and maturation protocol, hPSC-CMs exhibited mature CM morphology, phenotype, and functionality, making them suitable for drug testing applications. We monitored intracellular calcium dynamics using calcium imaging techniques to measure spontaneous calcium oscillations in hPSC-CMs in the presence or absence of test compounds. For the cardiotoxicity test, hPSC-CMs were treated with various compounds, and calcium flux was measured to evaluate their effects on calcium dynamics. We found that cardiotoxic drugs withdrawn due to adverse drug reactions, including encainide, mibefradil, and cetirizine, exhibited toxicity in hPSC-CMs but not in HEK293-hERG cells. Additionally, in the effectiveness test, hPSC-CMs were exposed to ATX-II, a sodium current inducer for mimicking long QT syndrome type 3, followed by exposure to test compounds. The observed changes in calcium dynamics following drug exposure demonstrated the utility of hPSC-CMs as a versatile model system for assessing both cardiotoxicity and drug efficacy. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of hPSC-CMs in advancing drug discovery and development, which offer a physiologically relevant platform for the preclinical screening of novel therapeutics.
Histidine Phosphorylation: Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
Authors: Ning Jia , Sala Margaux , Reina Jeffrey , Kalagiri Rajasree , Hunter Tony , McCullough Brandon S.
Published: July 2024

Phosphohistidine (pHis) is a reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) that is currently poorly understood. The P-N bond in pHis is heat and acid-sensitive, making it more challenging to study than the canonical phosphoamino acids pSer, pThr, and pTyr. As advancements in the development of tools to study pHis have been made, the roles of pHis in cells are slowly being revealed. To date, a handful of enzymes responsible for controlling this modification have been identified, including the histidine kinases NME1 and NME2, as well as the phosphohistidine phosphatases PHPT1, LHPP, and PGAM5. These tools have also identified the substrates of these enzymes, granting new insights into previously unknown regulatory mechanisms. Here, we discuss the cellular function of pHis and how it is regulated on known pHis-containing proteins, as well as cellular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the pHis kinases and phosphatases themselves. We further discuss the role of the pHis kinases and phosphatases as potential tumor promoters or suppressors. Finally, we give an overview of various tools and methods currently used to study pHis biology. Given their breadth of functions, unraveling the role of pHis in mammalian systems promises radical new insights into existing and unexplored areas of cell biology.
An Overview on the Adhesion Mechanisms of Typical Aquatic Organisms and the Applications of Biomimetic Adhesives in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Liu Jiani , Song Junyi , Zeng Ling , Hu Biru
Published: July 2024

Water molecules pose a significant obstacle to conventional adhesive materials. Nevertheless, some marine organisms can secrete bioadhesives with remarkable adhesion properties. For instance, mussels resist sea waves using byssal threads, sandcastle worms secrete sandcastle glue to construct shelters, and barnacles adhere to various surfaces using their barnacle cement. This work initially elucidates the process of underwater adhesion and the microstructure of bioadhesives in these three exemplary marine organisms. The formation of bioadhesive microstructures is intimately related to the aquatic environment. Subsequently, the adhesion mechanisms employed by mussel byssal threads, sandcastle glue, and barnacle cement are demonstrated at the molecular level. The comprehension of adhesion mechanisms has promoted various biomimetic adhesive systems: DOPA-based biomimetic adhesives inspired by the chemical composition of mussel byssal proteins; polyelectrolyte hydrogels enlightened by sandcastle glue and phase transitions; and novel biomimetic adhesives derived from the multiple interactions and nanofiber-like structures within barnacle cement. Underwater biomimetic adhesion continues to encounter multifaceted challenges despite notable advancements. Hence, this work examines the current challenges confronting underwater biomimetic adhesion in the last part, which provides novel perspectives and directions for future research.
The Integrated Bioinformatic Approach Reveals the Prognostic Significance of LRP1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wolde Tesfaye , Bhardwaj Vipul , Reyad-ul-Ferdous Md. , Qin Peiwu , Pandey Vijay
Published: July 2024

A hyperactive tumour microenvironment (TME) drives unrestricted cancer cell survival, drug resistance, and metastasis in ovarian carcinoma (OC). However, therapeutic targets within the TME for OC remain elusive, and efficient methods to quantify TME activity are still limited. Herein, we employed an integrated bioinformatics approach to determine which immune-related genes (IRGs) modulate the TME and further assess their potential theragnostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) significance in OC progression. Using a robust approach, we developed a predictive risk model to retrospectively examine the clinicopathological parameters of OC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The validity of the prognostic model was confirmed with data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. Our approach identified nine IRGs, AKT2, FGF7, FOS, IL27RA, LRP1, OBP2A, PAEP, PDGFRA, and PI3, that form a prognostic model in OC progression, distinguishing patients with significantly better clinical outcomes in the low-risk group. We validated this model as an independent prognostic indicator and demonstrated enhanced prognostic significance when used alongside clinical nomograms for accurate prediction. Elevated LRP1 expression, which indicates poor prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA), OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), and glioblastoma (GBM), was also associated with immune infiltration in several other cancers. Significant correlations with immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) highlight the potential importance of LRP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis highlighted LRP1’s involvement in metabolism-related pathways, supporting its prognostic and therapeutic relevance also in BLCA, OC, low-grade gliomas (LGG), GBM, kidney cancer, OC, BLCA, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and stomach and oesophageal carcinoma (STES). Our study has generated a novel signature of nine IRGs within the TME across cancers, that could serve as potential prognostic predictors and provide a valuable resource to improve the prognosis of OC.
Acute Erythroid Leukemia Post-Chemo-Radiotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Due to Multiple Myeloma: Tracing the Paths to Leukemic Transformation
Authors: Méhes Gábor , Mokánszki Attila , Ujfalusi Anikó , Hevessy Zsuzsa , Miltényi Zsófia , Gergely Lajos , Bedekovics Judit
Published: July 2024

The clinical impact of therapy-related acute leukemias is increasing with the extension of cancer-related survival; however, the origins remain largely unknown. Acute erythroleukemia (AEL), a rare unfavorable type of myeloid neoplasia, may also develop secondary to cytotoxic therapy. The disorder is featured by specific genetic alterations, most importantly multi-allelic mutations of the TP53 gene. While AEL might appear as a part of the therapy-related MDS/AML, spectrum information regarding the genetic complexity and progression is largely missing. We present two AEL cases arising after cytotoxic therapy and melphalan-based myeloablation/autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation due to multiple myeloma (MM). As stated, multiple pathogenic TP53 variants were present unrelated to preexisting MM, in parallel with uninvolved/wild-type hemopoiesis. Potential mechanisms of leukemic transformation are discussed, which include (1) preexisting preneoplastic hemopoietic stem cells (HSC) serving as the common origin for both MM and AEL, (2) the generation and intramedullary survival of p53-deficient post-chemotherapy HSCs, (3) reinoculation of mobilized autologous TP53 mutated HSCs, and (4) melphalan treatment-related late-onset myelodysplasia/leukemia with newly acquired TP53 mutations.
Comparative Transcriptomics to Identify RNA Writers and Erasers in Microalgae
Authors: Ambrosino Luca , Riccardi Alessia , Welling Melina S. , Lauritano Chiara
Published: July 2024

Epitranscriptomics is considered as a new regulatory step in eukaryotes for developmental processes and stress responses. The aim of this study was, for the first time, to identify RNA methyltransferase (writers) and demethylase (erasers) in four investigated species, i.e., the dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamutum and Amphidinium carterae, the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium, and the green alga Tetraselmis suecica. As query sequences for the enzymatic classes of interest, we selected those ones that were previously detected in marine plants, evaluating their expression upon nutrient starvation stress exposure. The hypothesis was that upon stress exposure, the activation/deactivation of specific writers and erasers may occur. In microalgae, we found almost all plant writers and erasers (ALKBH9B, ALKBH10B, MTB, and FIP37), except for three writers (MTA, VIRILIZER, and HAKAI). A sequence similarity search by scanning the corresponding genomes confirmed their presence. Thus, we concluded that the three writer sequences were lacking from the studied transcriptomes probably because they were not expressed in those experimental conditions, rather than a real lack of these genes from their genomes. This study showed that some of them were expressed only in specific culturing conditions. We also investigated their expression in other culturing conditions (i.e., nitrogen depletion, phosphate depletion, and Zinc addition at two different concentrations) in A. carterae, giving new insights into their possible roles in regulating gene expression upon stress.
Western Diet Modifies Platelet Activation Profiles in Male Mice
Authors: Corken Adam , Wahl Elizabeth C. , Sikes James D. , Thakali Keshari M.
Published: July 2024

The correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease has long been understood, yet scant investigations endeavored to determine the impact of an obesogenic diet on platelet activation or function. As platelets drive clot formation, the terminus of cardiovascular events, we aimed to elucidate the longitudinal effect of an obesogenic diet on platelet phenotype by assessing markers of platelet activation using flow cytometry. Male, weanling mice were fed either a Western diet (30% kcal sucrose, 40% kcal fat, 8.0% sodium) or Control diet (7% kcal sucrose, 10% kcal fat, 0.24% sodium). At 12, 16 and 20 weeks on diets, platelets were collected and stained to visualize glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), P-selectin and the conformationally active state of αIIbβ3 (a platelet specific integrin) after collagen stimulation. At all time points, a Western diet reduced GPIbα and αIIbβ3 expression in platelets broadly while P-selectin levels were unaffected. However, P-selectin was diminished by a Western diet in the GPIbα− subpopulation. Thus, a Western diet persistently primed platelets towards a blunted activation response as indicated by reduced active αIIbβ3 and P-selectin surface expression. This study provides a first look at the influence of diet on platelet activation and revealed that platelet activation is susceptible to dietary intervention.
Expression and Functional Analysis of Two Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase Genes and a UDP-Glycosyltransferase Gene Linked with Thiamethoxam Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Tian Yitong , Zhou Dongdi , Fang Jiayi , Cao Jingwei , Shi Chengcheng , Lei Yixuan , Fu Kaiyun , Guo Wenchao , Jiang Weihua
Published: July 2024

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are involved in the evolution of insecticide resistance. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), is a notorious insect that has developed resistance to various insecticides including neonicotinoids. This study investigated whether the differentially expressed P450 genes CYP9Z140 and CYP9AY1 and UGT gene UGT321AP1, found in our transcriptome results, conferred resistance to thiamethoxam in L. decemlineata. Resistance monitoring showed that the sampled field populations of L. decemlineata adults collected from Urumqi City and Qapqal, Jimsar, and Mulei Counties of Xinjiang in 2021–2023 developed low levels of resistance to thiamethoxam with resistance ratios ranging from 6.66- to 9.52-fold. Expression analyses indicated that CYP9Z140, CYP9AY1, and UGT321AP1 were significantly upregulated in thiamethoxam-resistant populations compared with susceptible populations. The expression of all three genes also increased significantly after thiamethoxam treatment compared with the control. Spatiotemporal expression patterns showed that the highest expression of CYP9Z140 and CYP9AY1 occurred in pupae and the midgut, whereas UGT321AP1 was highly expressed in adults and Malpighian tubules. Knocking down all three genes individually or simultaneously using RNA interference increased the sensitivity of adult L. decemlineata to thiamethoxam. These results suggest that overexpression of CYP9Z140, CYP9AY1, and UGT321AP1 contributes to the development of thiamethoxam resistance in L. decemlineata and provides a scientific basis for improving new resistance management of CPB.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Neuromuscular Blockade on Motor-Evoked Potentials in Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Removal Surgery: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Open-Label Observational Study
Authors: Chae Dongwoo , Kim Hyun-Chang , Park Hun Ho , Yoo Jihwan , Park Yoon Ghil , Kwak Kyu Wan , Kim Dawoon , Park Jinyoung , Han Dong Woo
Published: July 2024

Background: We aimed to elucidate the quantitative relationship between the neuromuscular blockade depth and intraoperative motor-evoked potential amplitudes. Methods: This prospective, single-arm, open-label, observational study was conducted at a single university hospital in Seoul, Korea, and included 100 adult patients aged ≥19 years undergoing brain tumor removal surgery under general anesthesia. We measured the neuromuscular blockade degree and motor-evoked potential amplitude in the deltoid, abductor pollicis brevis, tibialis anterior, and abductor hallucis muscles until dural opening. Results: The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model revealed the exposure-response relationship between the rocuronium effect-site concentration and motor-evoked potential amplitudes. The mean motor-evoked potential amplitudes decreased proportionally with increasing neuromuscular blockade depth. As the mean amplitude increased, the coefficient of variation decreased bi-exponentially. The critical ratio of the first evoked response to the train-of-four stimulation (T1)/control response (Tc) thresholds beyond which the coefficient of variation exhibited minimal change were found to be 0.63, 0.65, 0.68, and 0.63 for the deltoid, abductor pollicis brevis, tibialis anterior, and abductor hallucis muscles, respectively. Conclusions: Our results reveal that the motor-evoked potential amplitude exhibits deterioration proportional to the degree of neuromuscular blockade. In light of the observed bi-exponential decline of the coefficient of variation with the motor-evoked potential amplitude, we recommend maintaining a T1/Tc ratio higher than 0.6 for partial neuromuscular blockade.
A Literature Review of the Morphological Variability in the Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot: Traps Awaiting Clinicians during Ultrasound
Authors: Pośnik Marta , Zielinska Nicol , Gonera Bartosz , Olewnik Łukasz , Głowacka Mariola , Maślanka Krystian , Ruzik Kacper
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Like other muscular compartments of the human body, the intrinsic muscles of the foot present considerable morphological variability. The aim of this review was to present variations that can potentially cause problems during surgery but might be detected during an ultrasound examination. Materials and methods: PubMed was searched for relevant articles. The identified papers were listed, and citation tracking was performed. Results: Even though lower limb structure is well studied, the variations associated with the intrinsic muscles of the foot and their related ultrasound examination are not. Conclusions: The muscles and tendons of the foot demonstrate similar degrees of variance as other regions of the human body; however, this subject is not as widely covered in the literature. Further ultrasound studies are needed to build awareness of morphological variability in this region, as the findings could prevent misdiagnosis.
The Other Side of the Coin: Transesophageal Echocardiography Complications following Cardiac Surgery and Transcatheter Structural Heart Interventions
Authors: De Luca Valeria Maria , Cammalleri Valeria , Antonelli Giorgio , Bombace Sara , Ruf Tobias Friedrich , Gößler Theresa Ann Maria , Lurz Philipp , von Bardeleben Ralph Stephan , Grigioni Francesco , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: July 2024

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely used in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology and is often an indispensable tool, giving supportive anatomical understanding and smooth guidance in both settings. Despite it being considered safe, fatal complications can commonly occur after a TEE examination in cardiac surgery operating rooms and catheterization laboratories. Currently, there is a lack of awareness of the scale of the problem, as there are only small amounts of data available, mainly derived from the surgical literature. This review summarizes the main predisposing factors for TEE-associated complications (classified as patient and procedure-related) and the main preventive strategies. We aim to apply preventive strategies more broadly, especially to patients at high risk of developing TEE-related serious adverse events.
Difficult Airway Prediction in Infants with Apparently Normal Face and Neck Features
Authors: Petrov Ivana , Stankovic Zorana , Soldatovic Ivan , Tomic Ana , Simic Dusica , Milenovic Miodrag , Milovanovic Vladimir , Nikolic Dejan , Jovicic Nevena
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Prediction of a difficult airway during pre-anesthetic evaluation is of great importance because it enables an adequate anesthetic approach and airway management. As there is a scarcity of prospective studies evaluating the role of anthropometric measures of the face and neck in predicting difficult airways in infants with an apparently normal airway, we aimed to identify the aforementioned predictors of difficult facemask ventilation and intubation in infants. Methods: A prospective, observational study that included 97 infants requiring general endotracheal anesthesia was conducted. Anthropometric and specific facial measurements were obtained before ventilation and intubation. Results: The incidence of difficult facemask ventilation was 15.5% and 38.1% for difficult intubation. SMD (sternomental distance), TMA (tragus-to-mouth angle distance), NL (neck length) and mouth opening were significantly lower in the difficult facemask ventilation group. HMDn (hyomental distance in neutral head position), HMDe (hyomental distance in neck extension), TMD (thyromental distance), SMD, mandibular development and mouth opening were significantly different in the intubation difficulty group compared to the non-difficult group. HMDn and HMDe showed significantly greater specificities for difficult intubation (83.8% and 76.7%, respectively), while higher sensitivities were observed in TMD, SMD and RHSMD (ratio of height to SMD) (89.2%, 75.7%, and 70.3%, respectively). Regarding difficult facemask ventilation, TMA showed greater sensitivity (86.7%) and SMD showed greater specificity (80%) compared to other anthropometric parameters. In a multivariate model, BMI (body mass index), COPUR (Colorado Pediatric Airway Score), BOV (best oropharyngeal view) and TMA were found to be independent predictors of difficult intubation, while BMI, ASA (The American Society Physical Status Classification System), CL (Cormack–Lehane Score), TMA and SMD predicted difficult facemask ventilation. Conclusions: Preoperative airway assessment is of great importance for ventilation and intubation. Patient’s overall condition and facial measurements can be used as predictors of difficult intubation and ventilation.
Integrative Approaches in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Management: The Role of Radiotherapy
Authors: Visa Maxime A. , Abazeed Mohamed E. , Avella Patino Diego
Published: July 2024

Treatment guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) vary by several factors including pathological stage, patient candidacy, and goal of treatment. With many therapeutics and even more combinations available in the NSCLC clinician’s toolkit, a multitude of questions remain unanswered vis-a-vis treatment optimization. While some studies have begun exploring the interplay among the many pillars of NSCLC treatment—surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy—the vast number of combinations and permutations of different therapy modalities in addition to the modulation of each constituent therapy leaves much to be desired in a field that is otherwise rapidly evolving. Given NSCLC’s high incidence and lethality, the experimentation of synergistic benefits that combinatorial treatment may confer presents a ripe target for advancement and increased understanding without the cost and burden of novel drug development. This review introduces, synthesizes, and compares prominent NSCLC therapies, placing emphasis on the interplay among types of therapies and the synergistic benefits some combinatorial therapies have demonstrated over the past several years.