bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic impacts of cordycepin on hepatic proteomic expression in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Parunyakul Kongphop , Srisuksai Krittika , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Phaonakrop Narumon , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Fungfuang Wirasak
Published: August 2021

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with abnormal liver function, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Cordycepin improves hepatic metabolic pathways leading to recovery from liver damage. We investigated the effects of cordycepin in streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice via the expression of liver proteins. Twenty-four mice were divided into four equal groups: normal (N), normal mice treated with cordycepin (N+COR), diabetic mice (DM), and diabetic mice treated with cordycepin (DM+COR). Mice in each treatment group were intraperitoneally injection of cordycepin at dose 24 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Body weight, blood glucose, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were measured. Liver tissue protein profiling was performed using shotgun proteomics, while protein function and protein-protein interaction were predicted using PANTHER and STITCH v.5.0 software, respectively. No significant difference was observed in fasting blood glucose levels between DM and DM+COR for all time intervals. However, a significant decrease in final body weight, food intake, and water intake in DM+COR was found. Hepatic oxaloacetate and citrate levels were significantly increased in DM+COR compared to DM. Furthermore, 11 and 36 proteins were only expressed by the N+COR and DM+COR groups, respectively. Three unique proteins in DM+COR, namely, Nfat3, Flcn, and Psma3 were correlated with the production of ATP, AMPK signaling pathway, and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), respectively. Interestingly, a protein detected in N+COR and DM+COR (Gli3) was linked with the insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, cordycepin might help in preventing hepatic metabolism by regulating the expression of energy-related protein and UPS to maintain cell survival. Further work on predicting the performance of metabolic mechanisms regarding the therapeutic applications of cordycepin will be performed in future.
The impact of diabetes on visual acuity in Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Asemu Mulu Tiruneh , Ahunie Mengesha Assefa
Published: August 2021

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Glaucoma is the ocular complication of diabetic illness. In addition to this, retinopathy, maculopathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, extra-ocular muscle palsy, iridocyclitis, and rubeosis iridis were other complications. This study aims to determine the impact of diabetes on visual impairment and blindness among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.

Methods

This hospital-based cross-sectional study includes 401 samples of diabetic patients in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. The multinomial logistic regression model was employed to identify significant differences among the factor variables.

Results

The magnitude of blindness was 32.17%, and the burden of severe visual impairment was 12.46%. Of the total patients, 120(29.9%) were have diabetic retinopathy of whom, 113(94.2%) were blind either in the right, left, or both eyes and 3 (2.5%) had severe visual impairment. One hundred twenty-six (31.42%) patients developed diabetic maculopathy of whom, 117 (92.85%) were blind either in the right or left eye, and one (0.8%) had severe visual impairment. From the whole diabetic patients, the magnitude of glaucoma was 186(46.38%), and from the patients who developed glaucoma was blind visual impairment 127(68.27%) either in the right or left eye. Thirty-eight (20.34%) had severe visual impairment. Glaucoma was significantly associated with severe visual impairment and blindness (p<0.001). Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, maculopathy, and type of diabetes are factors for visual impairment.

Conclusion

We found that visual impairment in the category of severe and blindness are frequent in Ethiopian diabetic patients. Glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, maculopathy are the main predictive factors that determine the occurrence of blindness.
Clinical significance of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase activity measurements as a biomarker of anaphylaxis: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Piwowarek Krzysztof Łukasz , Rzeszotarska Agnieszka , Korsak Jolanta Łukasz , Juszkiewicz Aleksandra , Chciałowski Andrzej , Kruszewski Jerzy
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has a direct role as a mediator in the pathogenesis of various disorders with an inflammatory component, including those with allergic aetiology. The peripheral blood concentration of PAF is dynamically regulated by plasma PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). Previous research suggest that low activity of plasma PAF-AH could be a predictive marker for increased severity of some types of allergic hypersensitivity reactions–especially anaphylaxis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the association between plasma PAF-AH activity and severity in patients with anaphylactic reactions following a wasp or bee sting.

Materials and methods

The study group of 89 patients was divided into two subgroups depending on the increasing severity of the most severe anaphylactic reaction in the past, which was assessed according to the Müller’s scale. The first subgroup included participants with a history of hypersensitivity reactions up to grade II. The second subgroup consisted of patients who have experienced at least one grade III or IV reactions in the past. A control group of 20 people was established. Plasma PAF-AH activity was measured using a colorimetric method.

Results

It has been observed that plasma activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase was significantly lower in patients with anaphylaxis history compared to the control group with negative atopic history (on average 21.38 nmol/min/ml for the control group, 9.47 nmol/min/ml for the first subgroup and 10.16 nmol/min/ml for the second subgroup, in both cases p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The plasma activity of PAF-AH is a promising parameter that can help to distinguish a group of patients not threatened with development of anaphylaxis and not requiring laborious or expensive prophylactic procedures.
Toward a rational and ethical sociotechnical system of autonomous vehicles: A novel application of multi-criteria decision analysis
Authors: Dubljevic Veljko , List George , Milojevich Jovan , Ajmeri Nirav , Bauer William A. , Singh Munindar P. , Bardaka Eleni , Birkland Thomas A. , Edwards Charles H. W. , Mayer Roger C. , Muntean Ioan , Powers Thomas M. , Rakha Hesham A. , Ricks Vance A. , Samandar M. Shoaib
Published: August 2021

The impacts of autonomous vehicles (AV) are widely anticipated to be socially, economically, and ethically significant. A reliable assessment of the harms and benefits of their large-scale deployment requires a multi-disciplinary approach. To that end, we employed Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to make such an assessment. We obtained opinions from 19 disciplinary experts to assess the significance of 13 potential harms and eight potential benefits that might arise under four deployments schemes. Specifically, we considered: (1) the status quo, i.e., no AVs are deployed; (2) unfettered assimilation, i.e., no regulatory control would be exercised and commercial entities would “push” the development and deployment; (3) regulated introduction, i.e., regulatory control would be applied and either private individuals or commercial fleet operators could own the AVs; and (4) fleets only, i.e., regulatory control would be applied and only commercial fleet operators could own the AVs. Our results suggest that two of these scenarios, (3) and (4), namely regulated privately-owned introduction or fleet ownership or autonomous vehicles would be less likely to cause harm than either the status quo or the unfettered options.
Laughter influences social bonding but not prosocial generosity to friends and strangers
Authors: Dunbar R. I. M. , Frangou Anna , Grainger Felix , Pearce Eiluned
Published: August 2021

Humans deploy a number of specific behaviours for forming social bonds, one of which is laughter. However, two questions have not yet been investigated with respect to laughter: (1) Does laughter increase the sense of bonding to those with whom we laugh? and (2) Does laughter facilitate prosocial generosity? Using changes in pain threshold as a proxy for endorphin upregulation in the brain and a standard economic game (the Dictator Game) as an assay of prosociality, we show that laughter does trigger the endorphin system and, through that, seems to enhance social bonding, but it does not reliably influence donations to others. This suggests that social bonding and prosociality may operate via different mechanisms, or on different time scales, and relate to different functional objectives.
Journalism: Why It Matters, Michael Schudson (2020)
Authors: Conboy Martin
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalism: Why It Matters, Michael Schudson (2020)

Cambridge: Polity Press, 120 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-5095-3855-3, p/bk, £9.99
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Authors: Thanasuwan Sirikanda , Piratae Supawadee , Tankrathok Anupong
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Parasitic infections are one of the major problems to the production of cattle in Thailand. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of cattle in Kalasin Province, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: A total of 333 fecal samples of cattle were collected directly from the rectum. The fecal samples were subjected to formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods for examination. The eggs or oocysts were identified based on the morphology and size of the eggs or oocysts.

Results: Out of 333 fecal samples examined, 320 were found positive for GI parasitic infections with a prevalence of 96.09%. Overall, among the prevalence of nematodes, trematodes, and protozoa, the most prevalent parasites were Strongyle-type 278 (84.24%), followed by Strongyloides spp. 54 (16.36%) and Trichuris spp. 75 (22.73%), while Protozoan oocyst recorded Eimeria spp. amounted to 131 (39.7%). Fasciola spp. and Paramphistomum spp. were 67 (20.30%) and 81 (24.55%), respectively. Most of the positive fecal samples were infected with the double infection which has the highest prevalence rate of about 40.24%, followed by single, three, and 4-5 types of parasites 30.63, 16.82, and 7.21%, respectively.

Conclusion: This study suggests that Kalasin Province is highly endemic for GI parasites and this area may be an important source for an outbreak. Therefore, every household should deworm its cattle and eliminate and control snails as intermediate hosts. Findings from this study provide information that will assist in improving the cattle in Kalasin Province for better production and higher profitability.
A Type Theory of Leelus Type System in C++ Programming Language.
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: August 2021

This research is on type theory, which describes type, term and value in a type system programmed in C++. Type theory is closely related to, and in some cases overlaps with computational type systems, which are a programming language feature used to reduce bugs.
Satisfação materna com a atenção à saúde de crianças menores de cinco anos na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Figueroa Pedraza Dixis , Nadinne Lívia Silva de Melo  , Franciely Albuquerque Silva
Published: August 2021

Objetivou-se analisar a satisfação de usuárias da Estratégia Saúde da Família em relação aos serviços de saúde oferecidos aos seus filhos menores de cinco anos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo envolvendo mães de crianças menores de cinco anos usuárias de 18 equipes de Saúde da Família dos municípios de Bayeux e Cabedelo, pertencentes à região metropolitana de João Pessoa, Paraíba. As mães foram questionadas em grupos focais (um por equipe de saúde) sobre a satisfação com os serviços de saúde oferecidos aos seus filhos, totalizando 180 usuárias. O material foi submetido à análise de conteúdo e dela emergiram duas categorias temáticas: satisfação e insatisfação com os serviços. As mães mostraram satisfação com a vacinação e insatisfação com o atendimento médico e a escassez de medicamentos. As usuárias perceberam problemas organizacionais nos serviços de saúde que geraram insatisfação com relação à resolutividade do cuidado e devem servir de alerta para os profissionais que atuam diretamente na atenção à saúde da criança.
Perfil dos egressos e da produção dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de uma especialização em saúde mental
Authors: Oliveira Pinho Judith Rafaelle , Siqueira de Sá Ivonice , Leal Salgado Christiana , Trindade Garcia Paola , Figueiredo de Oliveira Ana Emília
Published: August 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil dos egressos e a produção dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de um curso de especialização em saúde mental na modalidade Educação à Distância ofertado pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo cujas fontes de dados foram os trabalhos de conclusão de curso da especialização, as fichas de matrícula e o banco de histórico de vínculo do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde de todos os egressos do curso de especialização em saúde mental da UNA-SUS/UFMA. A coleta de dados aconteceu de agosto de 2018 a maio de 2019, de forma retrospectiva e prospectiva. As análises quantitativa e qualitativa foram realizadas através dos softwares Stata® 14 e Open EVOC®, respectivamente. A maioria dos egressos eram mulheres (77,82%), graduados em enfermagem (50,58%), atuavam na área de saúde mental, porém não tinham formação prévia na área. Identificou-se alta rotatividade de locais de trabalho comparando os anos de 2011 e 2019 e que muitos profissionais estão fora do mercado de trabalho. Os descritores dos TCC que compõem o núcleo central da análise qualitativa foram: transtorno mental (frequência: 16,08% / ordem: 1,65), saúde mental (frequência: 15,43% / ordem: 1,83) e depressão (frequência: 5,45% / ordem: 1,19), refletindo os principais contextos vivenciados no trabalho dos discentes.  Ofertas de educação permanente como o curso de especialização em saúde mental são estratégias importantes para a promoção e manutenção do cuidado em saúde mental norteado pelo princípio da integralidade, da humanização e do respeito ao sujeito na sua singularidade, ao mesmo tempo, rompe os resquícios da psiquiatria clássica centrada na doença.
Serviços mínimos de Atenção Primária à Saúde em contextos de crises
Authors: Nogueira de Souza Caique , Manzini Fernanda , Nair Leite Silvana
Published: August 2021

A Atenção Primária à Saúde se deparou com desafios atípicos durante a pandemia causada pela covid-19, exigindo reorganização de toda a rede de serviços de saúde, que deve manter o cuidado integral e longitudinal dos usuários enquanto preserva saúde de servidores e gerencia recursos. Deste cenário emerge a discussão sobre “serviços mínimos” em períodos de crise no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde: o que os define, como priorizá-los e viabilizá-los. Este estudo busca elucidar essas questões através de uma revisão da literatura sobre a organização de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde em contextos de crises, bem como o relato e discussão sobre a experiência local na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde – UBS no município de Florianópolis, SC, durante o enfrentamento da pandemia da covid-19. A pesquisa sobre Serviços Mínimos na Atenção Primária à Saúde apontou escassez de literatura. Propõe-se o conceito de serviços mínimos e, embasado neste, os conceitos de serviços mínimos contexto dependentes e serviços mínimos população dependentes, além da reflexão sobre a organização destes serviços em uma UBS, com destaque para a incorporação de novas tecnologias no atendimento e a gestão do serviço de forma colegiada.
A Comprehensive Literature Review and Expert Consensus Statement on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cheifetz Adam S. , Abreu Maria T. , Afif Waqqas , Cross Raymond K. , Dubinsky Marla C. , Loftus Edward V. , Osterman Mark T. , Saroufim Ariana , Siegel Corey A. , Yarur Andres J. , Melmed Gil Y. , Papamichael Konstantinos
Published: August 2021

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of biologics is a rapidly evolving field. We aimed to provide a consensus statement regarding the clinical utility of TDM for biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A modified Delphi method was applied to develop consensus statements. A comprehensive literature review was performed regarding TDM of biologic therapies in IBD, and 45 statements were subsequently formulated on the potential application of TDM in IBD. The statements, along with literature, were then presented to a panel of 10 gastroenterologists with expertise in IBD and TDM who anonymously rated them on a scale of 1–10 (1 = strongly disagree and 10 = strongly agree). An expert consensus development meeting was held virtually to review, discuss, refine, and reformulate statements that did not meet criteria for agreement or that were ambiguous. During the meeting, additional statements were proposed. Panelists then confidentially revoted, and statements rated ≥7 by 80% or more of the participants were accepted. During the virtual meeting, 8 statements were reworded, 7 new statements were proposed, and 19 statements were rerated. Consensus was finally reached in 48/49 statements. The panel agreed that reactive TDM should be used for all biologics for both primary nonresponse and secondary loss of response. It was recommended that treatment discontinuation should not be considered for infliximab or adalimumab until a drug concentration of at least 10–15 μg/mL was achieved. Consensus was also achieved regarding the utility of proactive TDM for anti–tumor necrosis factor therapy. It was recommended to perform proactive TDM after induction and at least once during maintenance. Consensus was achieved in most cases regarding the utility of TDM of biologics in IBD, specifically for reactive and proactive TDM of anti–tumor necrosis factors.
β6-Integrin Serves as a Potential Serum Marker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lenggenhager Daniela , Bengs Susan , Fritsch Ralph , Hussung Saskia , Busenhart Philipp , Endhardt Katharina , Töpfer Antonia , The Frans Olivier , Bütikofer Simon , Gubler Christoph , Scharl Michael , Morell Bernhard
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Despite enormous efforts during the past decades, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) remains one of the most deleterious cancer entities. A useful biomarker for early detection or prognosis of PAC does not yet exist. The goal of our study was the characterization of β6-integrin (ITGB6) as a novel serum tumor marker for refined diagnosis and prognosis of PAC. Serum ITGB6 levels were analyzed in 3 independent PAC cohorts consisting of retrospectively and prospectively collected serum and/or (metastatic) PAC tissue specimens.

METHODS:

Using 2 independent cohorts, we measured serum ITGB6 concentrations in 10 chronic pancreatitis patients, 10 controls, as well as in 27 (cohort 1) and 24 (cohort 2) patients with PAC, respectively. In these patients, we investigated whether ITGB6 serum levels correlate with known clinical and prognostic markers for PAC and whether they might differ between patients with PAC or benign inflammatory diseases of the pancreas.

RESULTS:

We found that elevated serum ITGB6 levels (≥0.100 ng/mL) in patients suffering from metastasizing PAC presented an unfavorable prognostic outcome. By correlating the ITGB6 tissue expression in primary and metastatic PAC with clinical parameters, we found that positive ITGB6 expression in the tumor tissue is linked to increased serum ITGB6 levels in nonmetastatic PAC and correlates with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and clinical outcome.

DISCUSSION:

Our findings suggest that ITGB6 might serve as a novel serum biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of PAC. Given the limited specificity and sensitivity of currently used carbohydrate antigen 19-9–based assays, ITGB6 may have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy for PAC.
impact of collaborative planning of an oral task on learners’ language performance in an EFL context
Authors: Terres Mariana Lima , Torres Marilia Camponogara , Boeing Marcelino Ana Flávia
Published: August 2021

Learning a new language is permeated by several cognitive processes which are believed to demand a high load of attentional resources during oral performance (SKEHAN, 2014). Strategic (ELLIS, 2005) and collaborative planning (SWAIN, 2000) appear as an alternative to lower these demands. In the light of Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) (COOK, 2011; EAST, 2017) and aiming at contributing to this background, in this study, an oral task was elaborated with the purpose to analyze the performance of basic speakers of English as a Foreign Language from a language course in an oral task under two different conditions: after individual and collaborative strategic planning. Fourteen students were divided into two groups: four pairs planned collaboratively, and six students planned individually. Both groups had ten minutes to plan, followed by a few minutes to record their messages. Participants also answered a perception questionnaire concerning the activity. Statistical results indicated that students performing under the peer-planning condition had higher scores in all three measures of adequacy: organization, convincingness, and clarity than students performing under the individual-planning condition, which was confirmed by the results of the independent t-test. Furthermore, qualitative results showed that most students appeared to enjoy the task, especially the ones who performed under the peer-planning condition. These contributions bring important implications for classroom, allowing teachers to acknowledge collaborative strategic planning as a valuable tool.
Não perenidade como característica do Programa de Leitorado brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Leilane Morais , Fernandes Eugênia Magnólia da Silva
Published: August 2021

Como parte do processo globalizante, e enquanto reflexo da tentativa de sustentar e (re)afirmar a supremacia do Estado Moderno, alguns países têm executado políticas ligadas à promoção internacional de suas línguas oficiais (OLIVEIRA, 2010; 2013). Diante disso, este artigo problematiza a atuação do governo brasileiro em relação ao Programa de Leitorado - política de promoção do português brasileiro em universidades estrangeiras. A partir dos dados gerados - informações disponibilizadas no site da Rede Brasil Cultural, Editais da CAPES para a seleção de leitores, e depoimentos de leitores e ex-leitores, discute-se então a inconstância que caracteriza o funcionamento deste programa enquanto política de Estado e aponta-se como isso tangencia os requisitos de seleção e remuneração dos leitores. A análise realizada revela que, em termos de gestão e alcance mundial, os leitorados têm sofrido apagamento na agenda estatal dos últimos anos, o que leva as conclusões a destacarem a importância de algumas ações que levem à ampliação do Programa de Leitorado, a fim de que as possibilidades de congelamentos esporádicos ou suspensão definitiva sejam minimizadas.
efeitos da consciência morfológica na ampliação de vocabulário em estudantes aprendizes de língua inglesa em um curso de extensão
Authors: Peralta Camila da Luz , Simioni Taíse , Dias Fernando Luis
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a relação entre o trabalho explícito com a consciência morfológica e a aquisição de vocabulário de alunos adolescentes aprendizes de inglês como língua adicional. Pesquisas como as de Jornlin (2015), Akbulut (2017) e Alsaeedi (2017), entre outras, mostram que a consciência morfológica tem um papel fundamental na aprendizagem de estudantes de inglês como língua adicional. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa, foi implementada uma intervenção organizada em torno de jogos e atividades lúdicas autorais. Participaram adolescentes matriculados em um curso de extensão do Núcleo de Línguas Adicionais da Universidade Federal do Pampa. A intervenção ocorreu durante um período de dez semanas, no primeiro semestre de 2019. Os resultados, obtidos a partir de pré-testes e pós-testes de consciência morfológica e vocabulário, apontam que os estudantes obtiveram ganhos em relação à consciência morfológica e ampliaram seus conhecimentos de vocabulário. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa sugere que a intervenção desempenhou um papel significativo no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua adicional.
Contribuição da Educação para a Queda da Desigualdade de Rendimentos do Trabalho no Brasil entre 1995 e 2014
Authors: Silva Vitor Hugo Miro Couto , Santos de França João Mário
Published: August 2021

Este estudo investiga mudanças na desigualdade de rendimentos do trabalho no Brasil entre 1995 e 2014. O objetivo principal é realizar uma avaliação da contribuição da educação para tais mudanças e, para isso, aplica-se o método de regressões em funções de influência recentradas (Recentered Influence Function - RIF) e a generalização da decomposição de Oaxaca-Blinder propostos por Firpo et al. (2007 e 2018). Os resultados mostram que mudanças na estrutura de rendimentos, mensuradas pelo denominado efeito preço, foram predominantes para explicar a contribuição da educação para a queda da desigualdade no período analisado. Por sua vez, mudanças na composição educacional da força de trabalho apresentaram um efeito contrário à queda observada.
Impactos Econômicos do Custo de Transporte de Cargas Agropecuárias para o Brasil
Authors: Asai Guilherme , Piacenti Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo relaciona custo de transporte de produtos agropecuários com economia brasileira. Dada a importância da agropecuária para a economia do país, a logística representa um elo de comunicação e escoamento dos produtos. A metodologia utilizada foi a projeção de cenários por modelo de equilíbrio geral computável regionalizado para o Brasil. Através dos choques de eficiência, pela variação do frete, notou-se um impacto positivo do PIB e bem-estar para todas as macrorregiões e do Brasil como um todo. Contudo, não se pode inferir que o custo de transporte é fator limitante para o desenvolvimento econômico e regional do país.
Uma Análise do Padrão de Mudança Técnica na Índia (1974-2014)
Authors: Rocha de Lima Victor José , Porto Castro Andressa , Marquetti Adalmir
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo analisa o padrão de mudança técnica na Índia entre 1974 e 2014.  Observa-se um aumento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital para o período como um todo. Contudo, houve três fases de mudança técnica: 1974-1984, 1984-2004 e 2004-2014. Os primeiros dois períodos houve aumento das produtividades do trabalho e do capital. No terceiro período, houve um padrão de mudança técnica Marx-viesado, que aumenta a produtividade do trabalho e reduz a produtividade do capital. O crescimento econômico na terceira fase foi muito superior ao observado nas anteriores, bem como a redução dos níveis de pobreza.
Indicadores de Análise da Economia Gaúcha para o ano de 2011
Authors: Da Rocha Gonçalves Rodrigo , Braatz Jacó , Inácio de Moraes Gustavo
Published: August 2021

O Rio Grande do Sul vem perdendo protagonismo no cenário nacional em decorrência da grave crise fiscal estadual e da perda da competividade no setor econômico. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar uma matriz insumo-produto a partir do método RAS, buscando conhecer a estrutura setorial da economia gaúcha e a participação dos setores da administração pública e de transportes no ano de 2011. Os resultados mostraram que o perfil econômico do estado está ligado, principalmente, à agricultura e à indústria de transformação. Cabe ressaltar a importância da educação pública e do transporte rodoviário na geração de emprego e renda.
Temporal analysis of drought coverage in a watershed area using remote sensing spectral indexes
Authors: Dutra Débora Joana , Elmiro Marcos Antônio Timbó , Coelho Carlos Wagner Gonçalves Andrade , Nero Marcelo Antônio , Temba Plínio da Costa
Published: August 2021

The development of several time series analysis programs using satellite images has provided many applications based on resources from geostatistics field. Currently, the use of statistical tests applied to vegetation indexes has enabled the analysis of different natural phenomena, such as drought events in watershed areas. The objective of this article is to provide a comparative analysis between NDVI and EVI vegetation index data made available by MOD13Q1 project of MODIS sensor for drought mapping using vegetation condition index (VCI) in the Serra Azul stream sub-basin, MG. The methodology adopted the Cox-Stuart statistical test for seasonality analysis and Pearson's linear correlation to verify the influence of different indexes on delimitation of drought in a watershed. The results indicated the NDVI vegetation index as more efficient than EVI in spatial characterization of studied watershed region, mainly in identification of seasonality. The VCI proved to be highly feasible for monitoring drought in study period between 2013 and 2018, allowing the effective delimitation of drought conditions in the Serra Azul stream sub-basin. In addition, the effectiveness of MODIS sensor data in characterizing drought events that affected the study area was proven.
Tipos de Tempo Associados a Eventos Diários de Chuva Intensa na Cidade de Recife – PE, Brasil
Authors: Wanderley Lucas Suassuna de Albuquerque , Nóbrega Ranyere Silva , Duarte Cristiana Coutinho , Moreira Ayobami Badiru , Anjos Rafael Silva
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os tipos de tempo associados aos eventos intensos de chuva na cidade de Recife, identificando suas frequências e os mecanismos dinâmicos que explicaram suas gêneses. Para tanto, dados climáticos locais de superfície foram relacionados aos padrões sinóticos regionais. A Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise de Agrupamento hierárquica foram aplicadas para a identificação de grupos de dias homogêneos quanto aos dados atmosféricos horários de superfície. Para cada grupo foi apresentada a frequência mensal de ocorrência e analisaram-se, a partir de cartas sinóticas e imagens de satélite, os padrões atmosféricos referentes aos dias típicos. Foram identificados três grupos de tipos de tempo associados à ocorrência de chuvas intensas. O grupo 1 representou 79% dos eventos intensos (com maior registro no outono), o grupo 2 correspondeu a 9% das ocorrências (com maior incidência no inverno) e o grupo 3 a 12% das chuvas intensas (com concentração nas estações do verão e outono). Os tipos de tempo mais frequentes estiveram relacionados ao deslocamento de cavados barométricos no campo dos ventos alísios, a partir do fortalecimento do escoamento de leste relacionado ao Anticiclone Semifixo do Atlântico Sul. Ressalta-se que a intensidade dos eventos de chuva foi explicada pela interação entre sistemas de circulação sinótica, de mesoescala e de escala local.
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Authors: Nadar Sarojini
Published: August 2021

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Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae
Published: August 2021

CALL FOR PAPERS
Contents
Authors: Scharnick-Udemans Lee-Shae
Published: August 2021

Table of contents
Variáveis climáticas influenciam a riqueza, composição e distribuição de plantas exóticas invasoras?
Authors: Almeida Thieres Santos , Almeida Rony Peterson Santos , Fabricante Juliano Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho buscamos avaliar a influência das variáveis climáticas (precipitação e temperatura) na distribuição de plantas exóticas invasoras em Sergipe, Brasil.  Para isso, percorremos 550 km de rodovias do Estado registrando as plantas exóticas invasoras e relacionamos posteriormente com variáveis climáticas disponíveis em base de dados. No total foram amostradas 46 espécies distribuídas em 17 famílias. Nossos resultados demonstram que a comunidade é influenciada pelas variáveis climáticas testadas. A maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu na zona semiárida de Sergipe. A riqueza foi influenciada principalmente pela precipitação anual, apresentando uma relação negativa. A composição de espécies, por sua vez, foi afetada por quatro variáveis (precipitação anual, sazonalidade da precipitação, temperatura máxima no mês mais quente e temperatura média anual) que determinam suas distribuições. Algumas exóticas invasoras agressivas foram limitadas principalmente pela precipitação anual e sazonalidade de precipitação. No entanto, outras apresentaram alta amplitude de ocorrência, podendo assim se dispersar por diversas regiões já que não apresentam limitações perante as condições climáticas. Assim, concluímos que as condições climáticas podem influenciar de forma positiva ou negativa a composição, riqueza e distribuição de espécies exóticas invasoras no Estado. Nossos resultados auxiliam na compreensão dos efeitos das condições do ambiente na distribuição de espécies exóticas invasoras.
Systemic rosiglitazone administration leads to cementocytes apoptosis in wild type mice
Authors: Da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , De Oliveira-Vanderlei Katharina Morant Holanda , Barbosa-Lima Ricardo , Consolaro Alberto
Published: August 2021

It has been shown that a class of drugs for diabetes control, the thiazolidinediones, leads to increased apoptosis in osteocytes. Considering the correlations between osteocytes and cementocytes, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the apoptosis on cementocytes of wild type mice that had received rosiglitazone. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: 1 control, which received only the vehicle administration via oral for 1 week (PBS+DMSO 10%) and other two groups, which received 10 mg/kg of RGZ+PBS+DMSO 10% for 1 or 2 weeks, respectively. Upon completion of the time courses, mice were killed by CO2 and the mandibles were dissected and subjected to routine histotechnical processing. The sections were analyzed through transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and 4’,6- diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining of nuclear morphology (α=0.05). Control group showed significantly lower apoptotic cells/total cells ratio when compared to the experimental groups with TUNEL and DAPI methods (p=0.010 and 0.004, respectively). TUNEL method showed approximately 20% TUNEL-positive cementocytes in control and 26% in both experimental groups, while the DAPI technique showed approximately 32% of DAPI-positive cementocytes in control and 38% to 40% in experimental groups. The rosiglitazone systemic administration can lead to cementocytes apoptosis in mice. Despite the differences between the experimental and control groups, the death of cementocytes occurred as a physiological phenomenon, important in understanding the role of these cells in periodontal tissue.
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of a composite based on TiO2 and active carbon prepared from mango pit
Authors: Ramos Luana Tássia do Santos , Santos Lidiaine Maria , Machado Antonio Eduardo da Hora , Souza Marluce Oliveira da Guarda
Published: August 2021

In this study, results are presented concerning the development of alternative materials based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and agro-industrial waste for use in the treatment of effluent contaminated with dyes. The photocatalytic activity of a composite formed by the association of activated carbon, obtained from pit residue of mango, with modified titanium dioxide was evaluated by the degradation of crystal violet dye. From the analysis of X-rays diffratograms, it was observed that the modification introduced in the TiO2, as well as the formation of the composite with activated carbon, lead to wider peaks with lesser intensity, suggesting the formation of small particles. The composite presented the best photocatalytic performance, attributed to the significantly large specific area of this material when compared to pure TiO2, reaching 99% degradation of the organic matter after 60 minutes of reaction time. This is, therefore, a promising material for environmental photocatalysis.
Kann Interkulturalität die Qualität einer Beziehung fördern? Rapport-Management in chinesisch-deutschen Teams
Authors: Chen Jieying
Published: August 2021

Der Fokus der chinesisch-deutschen Kommunikationsforschung liegt vor allem auf dem Vergleich kulturspezifischer Konventionen und den daraus resultierenden Konflikten und Missverständnissen. Die vorliegende Studie erweitert dieses Bild und betrachtet Interkulturalität als eine synergetische Ressource für erfolgreiches Beziehungsmanagement. Anhand der Methode der ethnographischen Gesprächsanalyse (Deppermann 2000) werden drei kommunikative Praktiken, die sich aus der Interkulturalität ergeben, in realen chinesisch-deutschen Unternehmenskommunikationssituationen identifiziert: die temporäre Verwendung der Sprache des Gegenübers, die Anpassung an dessen Diskursorganisation sowie die Thematisierung kultureller Besonderheiten. Wie diese kommunikativen Praktiken mit der Verbesserung und der Aufrechterhaltung der Beziehung zwischen den Interagierenden zusammenhängen, wird mittels des Rapport-Management-Modells (Spencer-Oatey 2000; 2008) aufgezeigt.
Adaptive neural network control of second-order underactuated systems with prescribed performance constraints
Authors: Ding Can , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Zhe
Published: August 2021

This paper studies the trajectory tracking control problem of second-order underactuated system subject to system uncertainties and prescribed performance constraints. By combining radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) with input–output linearization methods, an adaptive neural network-based control approach is proposed and the adaptive laws are given through Lyapunov method and Taylor expansion linearization approach. The main contributions of this paper are that: (1) by introducing weight performance function and transformation function, the states never violate the prescribed performance constraints; (2) the control scheme takes the unknown control gain direction into consideration and the singular problem of control design can be avoided; (3) through rigorously stability analysis, all signal of closed-loop system are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was verified by comparative simulation.
Null controllability of Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential equations with noninstantaneous impulsive and Poisson jump
Authors: Alnafisah Yousef , Ahmed Hamdy M.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we investigate the sufficient conditions for null controllability of noninstantaneous impulsive Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential system with the Rosenblatt process and Poisson jump. The required results are obtained based on fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, and Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the obtained results.
A review of silicon subwavelength gratings: building break-through devices with anisotropic metamaterials
Authors: Luque-González José Manuel , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Hadij-ElHouati Abdelfettah , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Wangüemert-Pérez J. Gonzalo , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Molina-Fernández Íñigo , Halir Robert
Published: August 2021

Silicon photonics is playing a key role in areas as diverse as high-speed optical communications, neural networks, supercomputing, quantum photonics, and sensing, which demand the development of highly efficient and compact light-processing devices. The lithographic segmentation of silicon waveguides at the subwavelength scale enables the synthesis of artificial materials that significantly expand the design space in silicon photonics. The optical properties of these metamaterials can be controlled by a judicious design of the subwavelength grating geometry, enhancing the performance of nanostructured devices without jeopardizing ease of fabrication and dense integration. Recently, the anisotropic nature of subwavelength gratings has begun to be exploited, yielding unprecedented capabilities and performance such as ultrabroadband behavior, engineered modal confinement, and sophisticated polarization management. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the field of subwavelength metamaterials and their applications in silicon photonics. We first provide an in-depth analysis of how the subwavelength geometry synthesizes the metamaterial and give insight into how properties like refractive index or anisotropy can be tailored. The latest applications are then reviewed in detail, with a clear focus on how subwavelength structures improve device performance. Finally, we illustrate the design of two ground-breaking devices in more detail and discuss the prospects of subwavelength gratings as a tool for the advancement of silicon photonics.
Crystal structure of methyl 4-acetoxy-3-methoxybenzoate, C11H12O5
Authors: Xiao Pan-Lei , Song Xiu-Ying , Yang Chen-Yu , Nie Xu-Liang , Wang Yi-Hua
Published: August 2021

C11H12O5, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.5523(7) Å, b = 12.7610(17) Å, c = 15.374(2) Å, V = 1089.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0273, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0787, T = 296(2) K.
Impact of sulfate on the solubility of Tc(IV) in acidic to hyperalkaline aqueous reducing systems
Authors: Duckworth Sarah B. , Gaona Xavier , Baumann Alexander , Dardenne Kathy , Rothe Jörg , Schild Dieter , Altmaier Marcus , Geckeis Horst
Published: August 2021

The solubility of 99Tc(IV) was investigated from undersaturation conditions in NaCl–Na2SO4 (0.3 M ≤ I ≤ 5.0 M), MgCl2–MgSO4 (I = 13.5 M) and CaCl2–CaSO4 (I = 13.5 M) systems with 0.001 M ≤ [SO4
2−]tot ≤ 1.0 M and 1 ≤ pH
m
 ≤ 12 (with pH
m
 = −log[H+], in molal units). Reducing conditions were set by either Sn(II) or Fe(0). Special efforts were dedicated to accurately characterize the correction factors A

m
required for the determination of pH
m
from the experimentally measured pH values in the mixed salt systems investigated, with pH
m
 = pHexp + A

m
. The combination of (pe + pH
m
) measurements with Pourbaix diagrams of Tc suggests that technetium is present in its +IV redox state. This hypothesis is confirmed by XANES, which unambiguously shows the predominance of Tc(IV) both in the aqueous and solid phases of selected solubility samples. XRD and SEM–EDS support the amorphous character of the solid phase controlling the solubility of Tc(IV). EXAFS data confirm the predominance of TcO2(am, hyd) at pH
m
 > 1.5, whereas the formation of a Tc(IV)–O–Cl solid phase is hinted at lower pHm values in concentrated NaCl–Na2SO4 systems with ≈5 M NaCl. Solubility data collected in sulfate-containing systems are generally in good agreement with previous solubility studies conducted in sulfate-free NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions of analogous ionic strength. Although the complexation of Tc(IV) with sulfate cannot be completely ruled out, these results strongly support that, if occurring, complexation must be weak and has no significant impact on the solubility of Tc(IV) in dilute up to highly saline media. Solubility upper-limits determined in this work can be used for source term estimations including the effect of sulfate in a variety of geochemical conditions relevant in the context of nuclear waste disposal.
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system: a review of neurological impacts caused by human coronaviruses
Authors: Day Colin , Studders Carson , Arklie Kim , Kaur Asees , Teetzen Kyra , Kirsch Rebecca , Abelseth Laila , Fraser Ian , Abelseth Emily , Willerth Stephanie M.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. While coronaviruses typically have low rates of neurotropic effects, the massive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 suggests that a substantial population will suffer from potential SARS-CoV-2-related neurological disorders. The rapid and recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 means little research exists on its potential neurological effects. Here we analyze the effects of similar viruses to provide insight into the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the nervous system and beyond. Seven coronavirus strains (HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) can infect humans. Many of these strains cause neurological effects, such as headaches, dizziness, strokes, seizures, and critical illness polyneuropathy/myopathy. Certain studies have also linked coronaviruses with multiple sclerosis and extensive central nervous system injuries. Reviewing these studies provides insight into the anticipated effects for patients with SARS-CoV-2. This review will first describe the effects of other coronaviruses that have caused severe disease (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV) on the nervous system, as well as their proposed origins, non-neurological effects, and neurological infection mechanisms. It will then discuss what is known about SARS-CoV-2 in these areas with reference to the aforementioned viruses, with the goal of providing a holistic picture of SARS-CoV-2.
Telomeres: the role of shortening and senescence in major depressive disorder and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Schroder Jessica Daniela , de Araújo Julia Beatrice , de Oliveira Tacio , de Moura Airam Barbosa , Fries Gabriel Rodrigo , Quevedo João , Réus Gislaine Zilli , Ignácio Zuleide Maria
Published: August 2021

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric disorders, with a large number of patients not showing an effective therapeutic response to available treatments. Several biopsychosocial factors, such as stress in childhood and throughout life, and factors related to biological aging, may increase the susceptibility to MDD development. Included in critical biological processes related to aging and underlying biological mechanisms associated with MDD is the shortening of telomeres and changes in telomerase activity. This comprehensive review discusses studies that assessed the length of telomeres or telomerase activity and function in peripheral blood cells and brain tissues of MDD individuals. Also, results from in vitro protocols and animal models of stress and depressive-like behaviors were included. We also expand our discussion to include the role of telomere biology as it relates to other relevant biological mechanisms, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, and epigenetic changes. In the text and the discussion, conflicting results in the literature were observed, especially considering the size of telomeres in the central nervous system, on which there are different protocols with divergent results in the literature. Finally, the context of this review is considering cell signaling, transcription factors, and neurotransmission, which are involved in MDD and can be underlying to senescence, telomere shortening, and telomerase functions.