bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USE OF THE METAPHORICAL IMAGE «MAN (HUMAN BEING)» IN THE NOMINATION OF ROLLING STOCK IN RAILWAY JARGON
Authors: Ivanova A. B.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of mechanisms of representation of railway rolling stock in professional jargon through the metaphorical image man (human being). The purpose of the research is to identify the totality of lexical means of expression of this image in railway slang; to give classification of this means; to define most topical models on the basis of which images man and railway transport semantically correlate. The source of the actual material are the dictionary of railway jargon by D. Zinoviev and railway Internet forums and chats. We found 77 lexemes of different parts of speech, which from different sides directly or indirectly embody the image man in the nomination of rolling stock. Elements of component, cognitive and quantitative methods were used during the research. As a result of the analysis it was found out that almost all aspects of the image man are presented (to different degrees) in the representation of rolling stock: physiological, social, psychological, intellectual. The physiological aspect of the image is the most frequency, while physical activity (in particular movement) is very rare, and on the contrary, physical and anatomical traits (size/strength, structure, body parts) are more embodied. The size of the rolling stock is interpreted as growth or age (childrens age in case of actualization of a small size) (boy, baby); elements of rolling stock as parts of a persons body or objects of clothing / footwear (head, eyes, shoes, boots, skirt); deviations from the normal operation/condition of the mechanism as illness or death (deaf, sick, kill). Quite a large part of the identified lexemes gives the rolling stock a social status: nationality (American, Hakas actualize place of production or route), professional functions (prosecutor), family relationship (the mother-in-law). Psychological and mental aspects of the image are the least productive (merry train, tricky train; clever Masha).
FEATURES OF THE CREOLIZED ADVERTISING TEXT FUNCTIONING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY AND SOVIET NEWSPAPERS)
Authors: Zaripova V. M.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the texts of advertisements of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods, reveals the methods of creolization of advertising messages in the diachronic aspect. The analysis of newspaper ads of commercial advertising, in the center of which-a wide range of services is carried out. The means of pragmatic setting realizations of different types products representation in advertising of the corresponding periods are determined. Our aim was to describe the dynamics of using various ways of creolization in Russian and Soviet advertising. We examined the corpus of newspaper advertisements of pre-revolution of 1917 and Soviet periods. Firstly, we analyzed the correlation between verbal and non-verbal components in the advertisements. Secondly, we investigated expressive means of both verbal and non-verbal signs. Finally, conclusions were drawn on the impact of creolization in creating persuasive advertisements. Features of both verbal and non-verbal elements of advertising texts of the declared time periods are noted. The specificity of non-verbal parts of creolized advertising texts is revealed. Their schematic or detailed elaboration is revealed. The lexical, morphological and syntactic components of advertising creolized texts verbal components are fixed. The degree of coherence between verbal and non-verbal components in the advertising text and the degree of their to the way advertising functioning in the newspapers is established. The impact mechanisms of the creolized text components on the readership are considered. The impact of the choice of the poetic or prosaic advertising text on potential buyers is noted.Text sources of advertisements published in the pre-revolutionary Samara newspaper and the Soviet newspaper Izvestia as sources of material were used.A complete repetition of the text by the image is typical for the newspaper advertising texts of the pre-revolutionary period. The using of two models of creolization was noted in newspaper advertising of the 2030s of the XX century. The use of poetic advertising texts in Soviet newspapers of the period was noted. The specifics of non-verbal parts of creolized advertising texts are revealed. The schematic image in the pre-revolutionary period. The detailed image study in the Soviet is noted.
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES OF APPRECIATION LETTERS SENT TO AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS AND THEIR LINGUISTIC MANIFESTATION
Authors: Zhevachevskaya K. I.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the study of communicative strategies that are used in the texts of appreciation letters sent to volunteers and their linguistic manifestation in American English. The material for the research is borrowed from the websites of various American volunteer organizations. The following methods are used in the research: the descriptive method including classification, systematization and generalization, and that of contextual analysis. The author singles out linguistic tactics used by representatives of volunteer centers to achieve the communicative aim. The article shows that the main linguistic tactic in this type of business correspondence is that of appreciation, which is realized with the help of the verb to thank and other cognate words. Moreover, a number of additional communicative aims, strategies and linguistic expressions are identified.
DISCURSIVE REPRESENTATION OF MIGRANTS, REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS IN BRITISH NEWS SOURCES
Authors: Matytsina M. S.
Published: May 2019

The article examines the features of the discourse representation of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers on the eve of the 2016 EU referendum in the context of critical discourse analysis on the material of the leading British editions the Daily Mail and the Guardian, identifies the main discourse topics using categories forming a discursive view of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers in news reports of British conservative and liberal press. Within the framework of critical discourse analysis discourse is considered as a form of social interaction, where the power, exercising its dominance in the society, forms negative images of the others as the representatives of other races, ethnic groups and cultures. The relevance of such study is due to the growing scientific interest in the discourse of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers, which is a form of social practice, since the discourse under consideration has a socially structured order and is subject to rules and norms associated with certain social institutions that use massmedia discourse as a direct tool to influence society. No crucial differences in the representation of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers by British conservative and liberal news sources were discovered, although the study showed that the right-center the Daily Mail represents migrants, refugees and asylum seekers a little bit more negatively than the center-left the Guardian. Country of origin, number, entry, place of residence, compliance with laws, plight and help are the categories that form the basis of the discursive representation of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers during the specified time period.
AUTONOMOUS POSITION OF THE STUDENT’S PERSONALITY IN LEARNING ACTIVITY
Authors: Gorkaya Zh. V.
Published: May 2019

The article describes the manifestations of the autonomous position of the students personality in the educational process. Autonomy, manifested in the ability to make an informed, subject and responsible choice, is considered as the main prerequisite for future professional success. The study of manifestations of the students autonomous position in the educational process was carried out over two years. The level of student autonomy was determined through the ability to set goals, individual responsibility, and subject activity in the educational process. The study allowed us to identify explicit and implicit forms of autonomy. Explicitly, the measure of autonomy is determined through the setting of goals and priorities in the educational process, the degree of synchronization of actions, the construction of prospective plans for self-realization and development. The implicit basis of the autonomous position of the students personality is reflection and awareness of the significance of the events.The study describes the factors that determine the autonomous, responsible and independent behavior of the student in learning activities. Statistical data processing reveals differences in the signs of successful and not successful groups of students. The relationship between academic performance and the level of autonomy of the students personality is defined. Specific manifestations of autonomy in behavior are described.The autonomous position of a students personality is manifested in responsible and independent behavior, interest in current learning outcomes, the ability to independently make decisions, exercise control, show initiative and criticality when studying educational material; high adaptive activity, focus on the interests of others, desire to plan their actions, taking into account group tasks. A low level of student autonomy in learning activity is manifested through the strategy of subordinate adaptive behavior: the desire to live without conflict in the professional community, lack of initiative, avoidance of independent actions; desire to be careful and pragmatic when making decisions; propensity to avoid problem tasks, to receive support and encouragement for the efforts made, rather than the result achieved.The autonomous position of a students personality influences the quality of learning outcomes due to the ability to align learning objectives with individual interests and needs.
RESEARCH OF STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS STUDYING THEORY OF PROBABILITY AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS
Authors: Kuznetsova E. V. , Fomina T. P.
Published: May 2019

This work is part of the study of problems in the preparation of bachelors of mathematical sciences. It is well-known that the attitude of students to study, as well as the emotions that arise in the process of learning, largely determine the level of their academic achievements. The article provides an analysis of the attitude of students to the study of probabilistic sections of mathematics. The survey of a group of students majoring in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, as well as Computer Science and Mathematics, was conducted twice. The results of the survey were studied by applying non-parametric criteria (G-sign test and Wilcoxon T-test), correlation and cluster analysis. The study showed that students assessments reflecting the value and emotional attitude to the study of the theory of probability are stable and representative. In addition, the cluster analysis revealed among the surveyed students the presence of two groups of approximately equal in number. The first group is who are aware of the value of probability and have positive emotions when studying the course. The second group is those who have a lesser understanding of the value of the subject and experience difficulties in learning. Detection of the problem will allow developing a system of methods aimed at the formation of a value attitude and a deeper understanding of the essence of probabilistic ideas and methods.
Caracterização de argamassas produzidas com cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Zanella Renato Michael , Garcia Paulo Roberto , Garcia Gabriella Faina
Published: May 2019

Nos últimos anos, percebeu-se uma preocupação da sociedade com a preservação do meio ambiente e, consequentemente, com o crescente acúmulo de resíduos e dejetos de diferentes origens. Dentre esses resíduos, a cinza produzida a partir da queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar vem ganhando muita importância nesse cenário, já que se trata de uma fonte alternativa de energia renovável e sustentável.  Assim, o  objetivo principal deste trabalho foi caracterizar e analisar a influência da cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na resistência à compressão e na absorção de água por capilaridade de argamassas de cimento Portlad. As cinzas do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar e a areia utilizada nos ensaios foram caracterizadas quanto à sua distribuição granulométrica e massa específica. Foram moldados diversos corpos-de-prova de argamassas com substituição de 0, 30, 50 e 100% da areia utilizada como agregado miúdo por cinzas do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Foi utilizada como comparador a argamassa comum com substituição de 0%. O ensaio de resistência à compressão foi realizado após 3, 7 e 28 dias da moldagem dos corpos-de-prova e o ensaio de absorção de água por capilaridade foi realizado após 28 dias, no intervalo de 3h, 6h, 24, 48h e 72h após a colocação dos corpos-de-prova em contato com a água. Os resultados mostram que a cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar apresenta melhorias significativas, tanto para resistência à compressão, quanto para a absorção de água por capilaridade nas argamassas. Assim, conclui-se que a cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pode ser utilizada em substituição à areia fina na fabricação de argamassas de cimento Portland.
Produção de membranas de polipropileno e carvão para adsorção de azul de metileno
Authors: Neves Andressa Mariana Alves , Silva Rafaela Nadiele , Santos Kássia Graciele dos , Sanfelice Rafaela Cristina
Published: May 2019

Nos últimos anos, com o desenvolvimento da agroindústria, os resíduos gerados tornaram-se motivo de preocupação. Efluentes com corantes industriais podem contaminar águas, prejudicando a saúde humana e o meio ambiente. Assim, este trabalho propõe o aproveitamento do carvão do bagaço de cana para a produção de membranas com polipropileno, visando a adsorção de corantes de indústrias têxteis. Foram analisados equipamentos para definir-se qual possibilitava a criação de membranas com as características buscadas: Mufla, Analisador de umidade via infravermelho e Estufa. Além disso, parâmetros foram analisados: variações de tempo, temperatura e composição. Depois de obtidas, as membranas foram lavadas, características de visuais destas foram obtidas, análise microscópica. Analisou-se o comportamento das membranas na presença de uma solução de azul de metileno através de testes de adsorção. A partir dos testes realizados, observou-se que a Mufla foi o equipamento ideal para produzir as membranas, pois o polipropileno fundiu-se totalmente no forno e após retirado, solidificou-se, retendo o carvão na membrana. As características esperadas para as membranas foram: porosas, polipropileno fundido e carvão aderido. As condições de operação foram: 90% de polipropileno e 10% de carvão em sua composição e 13 minutos dentro da Mufla. Ainda, as membranas apresentavam distribuição dos componentes e poros de forma heterogênea através das análises microscópicas.
Análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura do solo na APA rio Uberaba sob o enfoque da Ecologia de Paisagens
Authors: Rodrigues Vinícius Silva , Utsumi Alex Garcez
Published: May 2019

A ecologia de paisagens é uma ciência que busca compreender a heterogeneidade espacial dos elementos que compõem uma paisagem, relacionando essa heterogeneidade com a biodiversidade e a ação do homem. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a análise multitemporal do uso e cobertura do solo da APA do rio Uberaba, sob o enfoque da ecologia de paisagens. Para isso, realizou-se a classificação supervisionada de imagens Landsat 5,7 e 8 para os anos de 1984, 1994, 2004 e 2014, por meio do software Qgis 2.8.2. O software Fragstats 4.2 foi utilizado para o cálculo das seguintes métricas de paisagens: Área total, Número de manchas, Comprimento total de bordas, Índice de forma médio, Distância média do vizinho mais próximo e Índice de Proximidade média ponderado pela área. Os resultados mostraram que entre 1984 e 1994 houve melhoria das condições de configuração espacial e composição para a cobertura florestal, chegando a ocupar 32% da paisagem da APA. Após esse período, nota-se o avanço das atividades agropecuárias, explicado pela redução de 30,3% do número de fragmentos florestais juntamente com a redução de 16,2% da área total dessa classe. Além disso, fragmentos florestais maiores ficaram mais isolados, e com formatos mais irregulares, o que contribuiu para o aumento do efeito de borda. As métricas de paisagens foram úteis no entendimento da dinâmica da estrutura da APA, podendo auxiliar em futuras políticas públicas de conservação.
BAUMAN, Zygmunt. Capitalismo parasitário: e outros temas contemporâneos. Tradução de Eliana Aguiar. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed., 2010.
Authors: Bezerra Leonardo Mendes
Published: May 2019

A obra “Capitalismo Parasitário: e outros temas contemporâneos” foi-me apresentada no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Cotidiano Escolar, vinculado ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), em 2019. Organizada em cinco capítulos reúne uma coletânea de ensaios e entrevistas com Zygmunt Bauman, Sociólogo polonês.  Em todos os capítulos, o autor evidencia seu objetivo analítico, que é o questionamento dos efeitos das políticas e suas essências fundamentais da cultura capitalista neoliberal e da sociedade de consumo, assim como seus impactos nas multidimensões econômicas, sociais e culturais.
Rule-Generation Theorem and its Applications
Authors: Indrzejczak Andrzej
Published: May 2019

In several applications of sequent calculi going beyond pure logic, an introduction of suitably defined rules seems to be more profitable than addition of extra axiomatic sequents. A program of formalization of mathematical theories via rules of special sort was developed successfully by Negri and von Plato. In this paper a general theorem on possible ways of transforming axiomatic sequents into rules in sequent calculi is proved. We discuss its possible applications and provide some case studies for illustration.
On Injective MV-Modules
Authors: Borzooei Rajabali A. , Goraghani S. Saidi
Published: May 2019

In this paper, by considering the notion of MV-module, which is the structure that naturally correspond to lu-modules over lu-rings, we study injective MV-modules and we investigate some conditions for constructing injective MV-modules. Then we define the notions of essential A-homomorphisms and essential extension of A-homomorphisms, where A is a product MV-algebra, and we get some of there properties. Finally, we prove that a maximal essential extension of any A-ideal of an injective MV-module is an injective A-module, too.
Maternal Satisfaction With Parallel Pumping Technique
Authors: McCue Kathleen F. , Stulberger Michelle L.
Published: May 2019

Pumping is a necessary practice for many families and due to the time-intensive nature, optimal techniques are in high demand. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences and feelings of women who utilized the parallel pumping technique. Three phone interviews were conducted with all participants who met the inclusion criteria. Participants in this study favored the parallel pumping technique over the triple-feeding technique and felt it streamlined their feeding routine. Future studies should focus on identifying if the parallel pumping technique quantifiably increases production of mothers' milk.
Overcoming the protective functions of macrophages by Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors
Authors: Freydlin I. S. , Starikova E. A. , Lebedeva A. M.
Published: May 2019

The review is devoted to the analysis of molecular mechanisms of action ofS. pyogenesvirulence factors aimed at overcoming the protective functions of macrophages. The review describes in detail the main protective functions of macrophages and the mechanisms of their implementation in the course of streptococcal infection. The virulence factors ofS. pyogenes,which prevent the recruitment of macrophages to the site of infection, are examined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of molecular effects that suppress the pathogen by the process of phagocytosis, intracellular bactericidal activity and the production of cytokines by macrophages. The analysis of molecular genetic mechanisms of regulation of the expression ofS. pyogenesvirulence factors that provide adaptation of the pathogen to changing conditions in the site of inflammation is carried out.
Induction of lymphocyte apoptosis in healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis under “cellular neighborhood” in vitro
Authors: Abramova T. Ya. , Tsura V. A. , Blinova E. A. , Morenkova A. Yu. , Chumasova O. A. , Sulutian A. E. , Sizikov A. E. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the features of T-lymphocyte apoptosis induced by components of autologous apoptotic cultures in vitro in norm and rheumatoid arthritis in the context of «cellular neighborhood».

Materials and methods. Subjects of the study were blood samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy women of comparable age. Developed protocol allowed to differentially evaluate the parameters of proliferation, early and late stages of apoptosis in the «primary» (CFSE-) and «secondary» (CFSE+) induced apoptotic T-lymphocyte cultures. It was estimated the effect of cellular and humoral components of unstimulated, anti-CD3- and dexamethasone-stimulated cells under the conditions of overcrowding and depleted culture media on autologous lymphocytes, cultured under physiological conditions, in norm and RA.

Results. Comparative qualitative analysis revealed the features of the processes of T-lymphocyte apoptosis in norm and pathology. Also, the parameters of early and late stages of apoptosis of a «primary» induced culture and «secondary» induced cells after transferring the cellular and humoral components of apoptotic cultures did not differ significantly either initially or during culturing in both investigated groups. But it was a significant increase in the amount of living T-cells in «primary»-induced unstimulated and dexamethasone-stimulated RA patients’ cultures compared to similar donors’ cultures.

Conclusion. There was no difference between stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies cells and the «secondary» induced cultures. Taking into account the absence of significant differences in the parameters of activation apoptosis, the increased number of living cells in RA patients’ cultures relative to donors’ is evidence of contribution of non-autonomous apoptosis effects to cellular homeostasis in RA.
The role of epithelial cells in atopy pathogenesis
Authors: Kazimirsky A. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Poryadin G. V. , Svitich O. A. , Bragvadze B. G. , Alekseeva A. A. , Gankovskaya L. V.
Published: May 2019

Aim. The study of the mechanisms of atopic disease formation and a model of immunopathogenesis of the atopic diseases.

Methods. Determination of surface lymphocytes receptors in peripheral blood of atopic bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis patients with the help of monoclonal antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Expression of genes encoding TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 receptors of airborne epithelial cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction, as well as determination of cytokine TSLP, IL-33, IL-4 and TGFβ (eBioscience) in airway flushes in atopic asthma patients and healthy people.

Results. During the exacerbation of atopic diseases in peripheral blood lymphocytes, an intensive activation process develops with impaired lymphocytes activating apoptosis aimed at the formation of plasma cells capable of developing intensive IgE synthesis. To search for signals that could explain the mechanism of rearrangement of the B-cell part of the immune system during atopy, the epithelium cells of the airways were examined in a group of patients with atopic asthma and found an increase in gene expression coding for TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 in 6, 3 and 2.5 times respectively. Along with increased expression of TLRs genes in patients with bronchial asthma, an increased content of TSLP and IL-33 cytokines secreted by epithelial cells of the airways was detected. These cytokines have an immunoregulatory action - their nearby antigen presenting functions format the Th2 type of immune response, promote the production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-13) and cause the development of an allergic type of inflammation.

Conclusion. We suppose that the main link in pathogenesis is a disruption of the interaction of TLRs with the corresponding ligands caused by spontaneous dimerization of TLRs under the malonic dialdehyde influence. The intake of slowly metabolized dimers of TLRs into epithelial cells is a signal for genome activation, which leads to the synthesis of allergic cytokines IL-33 and TSLP. Thus, the main immunopathogenesis pathway of atopic diseases is the pathological functional interaction between epithelial cells and peripheral blood B-lymphocytes.
Monocytes, B-cells and dendritic cells during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation
Authors: Khaitov R. M. , Nikonova A. A. , Khaitov M. R.
Published: May 2019

Aim. In this study we aimed to investigate circulating blood cells during experimental virus-induced asthma exacerbation vs baseline.

Materials and methods. Rhinovirus 16 (RV16) experimental infections were induced in RV16-seronegative moderate and mild atopic asthmatic and healthy non-atopic subjects. PBMC from 8 mild, 12 moderate asthmatics and 6 normal subjects obtained at baseline (14 day) and at day 4 after infection with RV16 were analyzed by flow cytometry. B-cells were identified as CD19+. Monocytes were identified as MHC II, CD14high cells. The MHC II, CD14neg-low cells were further classified by CD123 and CD11c expression into myeloid DC (CD11chigh, mDC), plasmacytoid DC (CD123+, pDC).

Results. There were no differences at baseline in frequencies of blood monocytes, mDC and pDC in asthmatic compared to normal subjects, but we found increased amount of B-cells in asthma group (p < 0.05). At day 4 after RV16 infection we found decreased percentages of pDC in both moderate and mild asthmatics (p < 0.05) compared to baseline.

Conclusion. These data suggest an increased migratory potential of circulating pDCs during virus-induced asthma exacerbation. In patients with asthma pDCs could be recruited to the airways. It is possible that the distinct subsets of DCs may be recruited at different time points to the effector sites of allergic inflammation.
Regulatory T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with HIV-infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Chereshnev V. A. , Saidakova E. V. , Korolevskaya L. B. , Shmagel N. G. , Shmagel K. V.
Published: May 2019

Background.The reason why HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) suffer from the increased immune activation remains elusive. Regulatory T-cells (Treg) are able to control immune activation, but their quantity may vary due to the infection. The aim of this work was to estimate the number and subsets of Tregs in HIV-positive patients receiving virologically effective HAART.

Materials and methods.The CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD3+CD4+) and Treg (CD3+CD4+FOXP3+) quantities were determined by flow cytometry. Treg subsets were assessed based on the FOXP3 expression level. The state of T-cell activation was established according to the simultaneous expression of CD38 and HLA-DR molecules.

Results.It was shown that HIV-positive patients compared to healthy people have reduced CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts despite virologically effective HAART. At the same time in HIV-infected people, Treg absolute numbers were only slightly decreased. Moreover, the major part of Treg pool in their blood consisted of lymphocytes with a high level of FOXP3 expression that corresponded to the phenotype of cells with the highest suppressor activity. However, an increased relative amount of activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes was retained in the HIV-infected individuals’ blood.

Conclusion.In HIV-infected patients who received HAART in time and whose treatment resulted in an effective HIV viral load suppression and a satisfactory CD4+ T-cell counts increase, a relatively large pool of peripheral Tregs is maintained. However, these lymphocytes are not enough to fully control immune activation that develops against the background of chronic lentivirus infection.
Phenotype and functions of human dendritic cells derived from CD14+ monocyte subsets opposed to CD16 expression
Authors: Chernykh E. R. , Tyrinova T. V. , Leplina O. Yu. , Tikhonova M. A. , Kurochkina Yu. D. , Oleynik E. A. , Sakhno L. V. , Ostanin A. A.
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between monocyte subpopulations and phenotype/ functions of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), as well as DC sensitivity to the tolerogenic effect of dexamethasone.

Materials and methods. The study included 15 healthy donors. DCs were generated by cultivating enriched fractions of CD14+ monocytes with or without CD16+cell depletion (CD16-Mo-DCs or CD16+Mo-DCs, respectively) in the presence of interferon alpha (IFNα) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Monocyte subpopulations were obtained by immunomagnetic negative selection.

Results. CD16+Mo-DCs were characterized by higher percentage of mature (CD83+CD14-) and lower number of semi-mature (CD14+CD83+) cells, but were similar to CD16-Mo-DCs by HLA-DR and CD86 expression, involved in the presentation of antigens and activation of naive T-cells. and also to co-inhibitory/ tolerogenic molecules B7-H1 and TLR-2. CD16+Mo-DCs displayed higher allostimulatory activity, which was positively correlated with CD86 expression (rS = 0.69; p = 0.027) and negatively – with TLR-2 expression (rS = -0.72; p = 0.1). Allostimulatory activity of CD16-Mo-DCs was positively correlated with the number of mature CD14-CD83+DCs and semi-mature CD14+CD83+DCs. Addition of dexamethasone (10-6 M) into CD16-Mo-DCs and CD16+Mo-DCs cultures led to the delay of DC maturation, the decrease of CD86 and the increase of TLR-2 expression, as well as the increase of cells with co-inhibitory CD86- B7-H1+ phenotype that was positively correlated with the reduction of DC allostimulatory activity. The decrease of CD86+/TLR-2+ index in CD16+Mo-DC population was due to the reduction of CD86+DCs and in CD16-Mo-DC population – to the increase of TLR-2+cells. Dexamethasone possessed higher inhibitory effect on DC maturation in the CD16+Mo-DC cultures.

Conclusion. CD14+ monocytes, both contained and depleted by CD16+ cells, can differentiate into DCs when cultured with IFNα. The presence of CD16+ cells in whole blood monocyte pool is associated with generation of DCs showed a more mature phenotype and higher allostimulatory activity. Both CD16- and CD16+ monocyte-derived DCs are sensitive to suppressive effect of dexamethasone. However, dexamethasone tolerogenic effect involves different mechanisms in CD16-Mo-DCs and CD16+Mo-DCs.
The influence of humoral factors of homeostatistic proliferation on t-regulatory cells in vitro
Authors: Shevyrev D. V. , Blinova E. A. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: May 2019

Aim. The aim of this study was the investigation of the influence of humoral factors of homeostatic proliferation IL-7 and IL-15 on T-regulatory cells in healthy donors.

Materials and methods. The study included 15 conditionally healthy donors. Phenotyping and evaluation of expression changes of transcription factor FoxP3 and the main functional molecules on T-regulatory cells such as PD-L1, CTLA-4 and HLA-DR during cultivation under IL-7, IL-15 and anti-CD3 stimulation combined with IL-2 were performed by flow cytometry. Also, we estimated proliferation intensity of T-regulatory cells in the course of cultivation.

Results. We revealed that humoral factors of homeostatic proliferation can effectively support a pool of T-regulatory cells during cultivation by number and phenotype and can maintain expression of important molecules such as PD-L1 and HLA-DR on regulatory T-cell surface. In addition, our study showed that IL-7 and IL-15 can cause relatively low T-regulatory cells proliferation in comparison to CD4+- lymphocytes.

Conclusion. The observed ability of homeostatic proliferation factors to maintain T-regulatory cells pool presumably can play an important role in lymphopenic conditions when the number of effector cells is decreased and the insufficiency of interleukin IL-2 is observed, which plays a primary role in the homeostasis of T-regulatory cells in normal conditions.
Immunopharmacological aspects of the cytokine system
Authors: Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: May 2019

Cytokines represent a unique family of endogenous polypeptide mediators of intercellular interaction. From an immunopharmacological point of view cytokines can be marked out as a new, separate immunoregulatory molecule system and have some common biochemical properties and pleiotropic type of biological activity. In the cytokine regulatory system both reduction and elevation of cytokine levels can cause pathology. Several endogenous systems exist to control cytokine elevation and prevent tissue pathology. When synthesized simultaneously, cytokines form a cytokine chain. Deletion of any unit of this chain leads to the break in the formation of immunopathology. Cytokines as therapeutic preparations have evident advantages but also some limitations such as pharmacokinetics with short circulation period, adverse effects due to pleiotropic mode of action, and injectable drug forms. Rational design for clinical cytokine application could be linked with the development of prolonged and local drug forms or personalized cytokine therapy.
Feature Descriptor for Crowd Density Estimation
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Alanazi Adwan
Published: May 2019

Crowd density estimation is an important task for crowd monitoring. Many efforts have been done to automate the process of estimating crowd density from images and videos. Despite series of efforts, it remains a challenging task. In this paper, we proposes a new texture feature-based approach for the estimation of crowd density based on Completed Local Binary Pattern (CLBP). We first divide the image into blocks and then re-divide the blocks into cells. For each cell, we compute CLBP and then concatenate them to describe the texture of the corresponding block. We then train a multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which classifies each block of image into one of four categories, i.e. Very Low, Low, Medium, and High. We evaluate our technique on the PETS 2009 dataset, and from the experiments, we show to achieve 95% accuracy for the proposed descriptor.  We also compare other state-of-the-art texture descriptors and from the experimental results, we show that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.
Reliability Evaluation of Multi-Service in Power Wide Area Protection System Considering Network QoS
Authors: Yuan Kai , Li June , Liu Kaipei
Published: May 2019

Based on the topology of wide area protection system (WAPS), after studying the reliability of hardware system and information flow in the WAPS and establishing the reliability assessment model, the multi-service reliability analysis method with multi monitoring and protection tasks in WAPS was proposed. In the model, the impact of network quality of service (QoS) such as information flow loss and delay, is studied. On the base of the model, the multi-service reliability evaluation method is employed to analyze the reliability of a WAPS of IEEE14 node power system, and the key nodes of the WAPS is given, which provides a basis for improving the reliability of the WAPS.
The Impact of Lake Water Quality on the Performance of Mature Artificial Recharge Ponds
Authors: Li Jing , Hägg Kristofer , Persson Kenneth M.
Published: May 2019

Artificial groundwater recharge is commonly used for drinking water supply although the resulting water quality is highly dependent on the raw water quality, and in many cases, pre-treatment is required. Such pre-treatment improves the drinking water quality, although how and to what extent pre-treatment affects the subsequent pond infiltration process is still unknown. Here we evaluate the impact of two different pre-treatment methods of water from a eutrophic, temperate lake. An artificial recharge pond was divided into two parts, where one received raw water from a lake only filtered through a 500 µm pore size drum filter, while the other part received pre-treated lake water using chemical flocculation with polyaluminium chloride (PACl), combined with sand filtration (contact filtration). Changes in water quality were assessed at different stages in the two treatment processes. We show that contact filtration reduced phosphorus with 96 %. Moreover, the total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was improved from 55 % to 70 %, corresponding to an average reduction from 3.5 mg/L to 2.4 mg/L In addition, the pre- treatment in the artificial recharge pond reduced the cyanobacteria blooms and reduced the microcystin level. However, there were no sigificant differences in microcystin levels in the groundwater, i.e. the artifical recharge infiltration pond was effective for microcystin removal even without contact filtration. Hence, in a broader drinking water management perspective, the presented method is promising to reduce the levels of cyanobacterial toxins, as well as nutrients and TOC, which are all predicted to increase in a future climate change perspective.
Construction of a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Marker Based Quantitative Trait Loci Map and Validation of Resistance Loci to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) in Tomato
Authors: Shin Il Sheob , Hsu Jung Ching , Huang Shu Mei , Chen Jaw Rong , Wang Jaw Fen , Hanson Peter , Schafleitner Roland
Published: May 2019

Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major biotic factors limiting tomato production in the humid tropics. Pyramiding of resistance genes through marker-assisted selection is an efficient way to develop durable BW resistant cultivars. Tomato line ‘Hawaii 7996’ (H7996) is a stable and robust resistance source against various R. solanacearum strains. Major BW resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) Bwr-12 and Bwr-6, and several minor or strain specific QTLs have been coarse-mapped in this line, but none has been fine-mapped and validated. The objective of the current study was to construct a high density genetic map using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing, fine-map Bwr-12 and Bwr-6 and determine the effects of these QTLs using a near isogenic line (NIL) population. A high density genetic map using 1,604 SNP markers with an average distance of 0.82 cM was developed for 188 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross H7996 × WVa700. A total of seven QTLs associated with BW resistance to race 1-phylotype I or/and race 3-phylotype II strains were located on chromosomes 6 (Bwr-6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4) and 12 (Bwr-12.1, Bwr-12.2 and Bwr-12.3) with logarithm of odds (LOD) scores of 6.2-15.6 and 6.2-31.1, explaining 14.2-33.4% and 15.9-53.9% of the total phenotypic variation contributed from H7996, respectively. To validate the genetic effects of the two QTL regions, a set of 80 BC3F3 NILs containing different sections of Bwr-6 with or without Bwr-12 was phenotyped for disease severity after challenge with either race 1-phylotype I Pss4 or race 3-phylotype II Pss1632 BW strains over two seasons. Bwr-6.1 specific to Pss4 and Bwr-6.3 specific to Pss1632 were mapped to an interval of 5.0 cM (P < 0.05) between 6_33,444,000_SLM6-47 and 6_33,868,000_SLM6-124 SNP marker, and to 2.7 cM (P < 0.01) between positions 6_35,949,000 _SLM6-107 to 6_36,750,000_SLM6-82 marker, respectively. In addition, the specific effect of Bwr-12 for resistance to Pss4 (LOD score of 5.8-16.1, P < 0.01) was confirmed and markers for this QTL have already been made available previously.
Recommendations for How to Respond When the Family is Hoping for a Miracle
Authors: Stonestreet John
Published: May 2019

Objective: To recommend how physicians can best respond to families whose hopes for a miracle via divine intervention influence their medical decisions, like, for example, making them not want to withdraw ventilatory support in cases of poor neurologic prognosis because they are still hoping for God to intervene. Methods: Auto-ethnographic analysis of chaplaincy experience in this clinical context yields a nuanced 90-second, point-of-care spiritual intervention physicians can use to address the religious aspect of families who base medical decisions on their hopes for a miracle via divine intervention. Explanation of how spiritual intervention dovetails with existing physician communication protocol for responding to families hoping for a miracle. Results: Spiritual intervention for religious aspect of miracle-hoping families is integrated into existing physician communication protocol for responding to families hoping for a miracle with recommendations for utilization of existing communication technology when necessary. Conclusion: Properly addressing the religious dimension of families hoping for a miracle may be helpful for physicians interested in decreasing their own stress levels, improving outcomes for this clinical context, and ensuring that unintentional discrimination does not perpetuate racial disparities in end-of-life care.
THE SINGLE CURRENCY FOR ISLAMIC NATIONS: DO HETEROGENEITIES MATTER?
Authors: Agustiar Memet
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the readiness of 44 OIC member countries to form a currency union and to test whether the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) criteria remain relevant to a large region like the OIC. Large geographic size is subject to socio-economic and geographic disparities. This study employs the OCA-index to estimate the degree of readiness of the OIC to form a currency union. Five selected criteria –business cycle synchronization, trade openness, inflation similarity, the size of the economy, and distance – were employed to determine the OCA using Ordinary Least Squares regression. The findings of this study estimate that 63 percent of pairs of countries in the OIC are ready to form a currency union.  The selected OCA’s criteria present the best-fit variable in explaining the OCA for the OIC. This paper verifies that economic and geographic heterogeneities are not the main obstacle to forming a currency union.  This study provides an important contribution to the theory of OCA primarily in clarifying the application of the OCA conditions in a large observation like the OIC, which comprises many countries and many blocs.
PRINCIPAL-AGENT PREFERENCES IN IMPERFECT MARKET: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON MURABAHAH AND IJARAH
Authors: Ajmi Hechem , Abdul Aziz Hassanuddeen , Kassim Salina , Mansour Walid
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to determine the optimal contract for the principal and the agentin imperfect market, when murabahah and ijarah are used. The financial contractingenforceability approach is employed to determine the contract that maximizes thevalue of the firm subject to agents’ constraints when the shock is low and high, andregarding market frictions. Furthermore, this approach allows us to assess the level ofmarket frictions that agents may bear in case of low shock and high shocks. Findingsreveal that the simulated values of the market frictions’ parameters for both contractsincrease when moving from the low shock to the high shock. Such evidence impliesthat the agent is more likely to cheat and hide significant information about the projectwhen the shock is high. As a response to this higher risk, the simulated values of theprofit margin parameters for the principal rise also when the shock is high in orderto compensate for the increase of market frictions and mitigate conflicts of interest.By comparing both contracts based on the simulated optimal values of the firm, it isnoticeable that the gap between both contracts is very tight, which can be attributedto their common debt-based financial arrangements. However, the results show thatijarah allows the principal and the agent to generate the highest value in case of lowshock and high shock, comparing to murabahah. Therefore, ijarah seems to be moreattractive for the principal and the agent than murabahah.
Chipped Glass, Ceramics, and Axe Handles
Authors: McCrocklin Claude
Published: May 2019

This is a brief paper on chipped glass and Euro-American ceramics found on Historic Indian sites in the ARK-LA-TEX region. These tools have long puzzled archaeologists as to their use, and still do to some extent today; hopefully this paper will clarify matters. Chipped and pressure-flaked glass was probably used differently from chipped ceramic tools, since the latter were softer and not as sharp as the bottle glass. As most of the chipped tools found were made of glass, this paper will deal primarily with them.
A Summary of the History of the Caddo People
Authors: Schambach Frank F.
Published: May 2019

I am pleased and very honored that you have invited me here today to tell you something about the past of the Caddo people as it is known to archaeologists. This is a subject that has been both my occupation and my major preoccupation for more than 25 years. The story that I and other archaeologists have been piecing together over many years is long, complex, and endlessly fascinating. It is a heritage that anyone could be proud of. Let me give you some of the highlights.

The story began over 11,500 years ago--or about 9,500 B.C.--when the first people arrived in the historic Caddo territory of Northwest Louisiana, Southwest Arkansas, East Texas, and Southeast Oklahoma. There were not many of them, perhaps only a hundred or so in this whole area at first. And the world they lived in was very different from the world today. It was cold, about like northern Maine or northern Michigan today, with forests of spruce and birch, because the Ice Age was still going on. They were probably dressed like Eskimos in carefully sewn parkas, trousers, and boots. We know this because many of the stone tools they left behind are tools for preparing hides and for making the bone needles necessary to sew them into clothing. They probably lived in skin tepees like those of the historic Plains Indians, but smaller, because they did not have horses to carry their gear from place to place. They did have dogs and they probably trained them to work as pack animals.
Vulnerability of Archeological Sites in East Texas
Authors: Corbin James E.
Published: May 2019

A discussion concerning the vulnerable archeological sites in East Texas, or anywhere for that matter, is a serious and complex one, primarily because all archaeological sites are vulnerable. Of course, it must be understood that it is the very nature of archaeological sites to be threatened with destruction.
The Rowland Clark (41RR77) Site, Red River County, Texas : Editor's Introduction
Authors: Perino Gregory , Blake Leonard , Loveland Carol J.
Published: May 2019

The Rowland Clark (41RR77) and Dan Holdeman (41RR11) archaeological sites were excavated in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Gregory Perino of the Museum of Red River in Idabel, Oklahoma. Manuscripts on those investigations were prepared by Perino shortly after the conclusion of the work, but these were never published, remaining instead on file at the Museum of the Red River.