bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KADAR VITAMIN C DAN ORGANOLEPTIK MANISAN BASAH LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) PADA KONSENTRASI AIR KAPUR (Ca(OH)2) YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Apriani Ike , Yani Meli
Published: March 2019

Aloe vera is one species of Liliaceae that is able to grow in tropic area such as Indonesia. Aloe verahas potential as food, such as sweets. The slimy and soft texture of Aloe vera makes the problem of producing quality sweets products so it needs soaking with Ca(OH)2 solution.This study aims to determine the content of vitamin C and organoleptic in Aloe vera sweets with various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 solution. The research was conducted in March 2017 at Biology and ChemistryLaboratory,FTIKRaden Fatah State Islamic University. This research use experimental method, through experiment design used RAL one factor with concentration of Ca(OH)2 solution, consist of K1 = 1%, K2 = 2%, K3 = 3% and K4 = 4% (5 repetitions). Research method using titration and hedonic method. The highest vitamin C levels were found in the treatment with the concentration of Ca(OH)2 1% solution ie 323.84 mg / 100gr. Organoleptic test results obtained concentration of Ca(OH)2 4% solution preferably by panelist.
PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SETEK MIKRO KENTANG VARIETAS GRANOLA
Authors: Jon Efriana
Published: March 2019

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) isan agricultural crop that has high economic value, it gets priority to be developed. This research at was conducted Screen House of Balai Benih Induk Kentang (BBIK) Kayu Aro subdistrict Kerinci regency.The purpose of this research was to know the effect of planting media On Micro Cutting Growth Of Granola Potato Variety (Solanum Tuberosum L). This study was used Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 6 Treatment 10 Deuteronomy. The observed parameters were percentage of live micro cuttings potato, the high micro cuttings, number of shoots, numbr of leaves, and length of rootwere analyzed by the variance of investigation and followed by DNMRT advanced test at 5% level. The investigation result of the highest percentage (%)of micro cutting potato live was 90%. The High of micro cuttings, number of shoots and number of leaves of micro cuttings granola varieties was showed that no significant effect on the treatment given. Whereas for the root length of micro cuttings showed thatthere was a significantly different effect.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS VII SMP
Authors: Damopolii Insar , M. Yohanita Aksamina , H. Malatta Febilia , M. Yusuf Frida
Published: March 2019

The purpose of research to determine that effect of problem-based learning (PBL) model on cognitive student achievement in SMP YPPGI Silo Manokwari in the relation of population density to the environment topic. The study was a quasi-experimental research used nonequivalent control group design. The sample of the study was the students of class VIIA such as experimental class and the total students as many as 23 students and the class VIIB such as the control class and the total students as many as 22 students. That result showed the experimental class to implementation PBL model obtained the average posttest 70,78, while the class control obtained the average posttest 50,05. The significant value was 0,01 < α = 0,05, there were different cognitive student achievement between the experiment class and the control class. Conclusion, there are differences in cognitive students achievement between students taught using PBL model with students taught using a conventional learning model.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) BERBANTU MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM PERNAPASAN KELAS VIIISMP NEGERI 5 KODI
Authors: Daha Selviana Kaka , Lestari Purwaning Budi
Published: March 2019

Good student learning outcomes, one of which is determined by student motivation is in terms of fostering passion, pleasure and enthusiasm. one of them is the selection of learning models that are in accordance with the characteristics of students and subject matter. TTW is a learning model that facilitates verbal training orally and writes the language smoothly. The learning model encourages students to think, speak, and then write a particular topic. aims to find out whether there is influence of Think Talk Write (TTW) assisted learning media images on cognitive learning outcomes and student motivation on respiratory system material class VIII SMP Negeri 5 Kodi Academic Year 2017/2018. This type of research is quasi-experimental using the pretest postest desing research design. Population in even semester. This research sample consists of 2 classes, namely class VIII A as many as 30 students as an experimental class and class VIIIB as many as 30 students as a control class. Data analysis techniques use normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing using the Anacova test at a significant level of 5%. Based on the results of the study showed that the average learning outcomes of students who obtained learning with Think Talk Write-assisted learning models of media images obtained an average of 80.86 while the average learning outcomes of students who did not use media-based Think Talk Write learning models were obtained flat 73.96. The conclusion of the study is that there is an influence of students' understanding that is taught by using the media-assisted Think Talk Write (TTW) learning model with learning without using a model (0,000 <0,05). This learning model is proven that it can improve results student understanding.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA (LKS) BERBASIS POE PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN PADA MATERI SISTEM PENCERNAAN DAN PERNAPASAN PADA MANUSIA DI KELAS XI SMA
Authors: Ama Supriyanto Tri Andi , Mistianah Mistianah
Published: March 2019

This study aims to: (1) develop Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the Predict Observe Explain Model for Class XI High School and (2) find out the feasibility test of Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the Predict Observe Explain model on the digestive system and respiratory system material in human. This research is a type of development research (research and development) with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). This research was conducted in March 2018 until July 2018 at IKIP BUDI UTOMO Malang. Data analysis techniques were carried out using descriptive analysis with feasibility tests from material experts and media experts. The results of this study are: (1) the development of Student Worksheets (LKS) based on the Predict Observe Explain (POE) model produces a pre-filled section containing the main title page, preface, table of contents, competency map and instructions for use, the contents of the digestive system material and the human respiratory system and practice questions, the post-contents section contains a bibliography and author's profile with a total of 62 pages using 70 grams of HVS paper to fill the LKS and AP 120 paper for the cover of the LKS, printed with A5 paper size. (2) the results of the feasibility assessment by material experts get an average number of scores of 41.5 with a mean score of 3.4 which includes eligible criteria. Feasibility assessment of media experts get an average score of 43 with a mean score of 3.3 which includes Eligible criteria so that LKS based on the Explain Predict Observe model is suitable for use as teaching material
HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN KIMIA TANAH TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA PERKEBUNAN APEL SEMI ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK
Authors: Nasirudin Mohamad , Susanti Ambar
Published: March 2019

This study aims to determine the relationship of soil chemical content to soil macrofauna in semi-organic and non organic apple plantations in Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City. Observation of soil chemical properties carried out in the BPTP East Java laboratory. The soil was taken systematically on both fields. Observation of soil macrofauna is carried out by direct observation. The study was conducted in March - May 2018. The parameters observed in this study were soil (H ') macrofauna, and soil (pH, C-Organic, and N). The chemical content of soil in the semi-organic apple plantation is (pH = 7.8 C-Organic = 1.54 and N = 0.16), while the chemical content of soil in the land of inorganic apple plantations is (pH = 7 C-Organic = 0 , 5 and N = 0.06). The results of research on soil macrofauna in Semi Organic apple plantations found 9 orders consisting of 10 families and amounting to 247 individuals. The role of soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 45 individuals, 4 family detrivor and 42 individuals, and 3 family predators and 160 individuals. The results of research on soil macrofauna in the field of Inorganic found 8 orders, consisting of 9 families and numbered 162 individuals. The role of the soil macrofauna includes 3 families and 25 individuals, 3 families and 18 individuals, and 3 families and 119 individuals. Diversity index value (H ') of soil macrofauna in semi-organic land is higher at 1.81, while in Inorganic land is 1.53.
TINGKAT PLOIDI PAKU SAYUR (Diplazium esculentum) PADA KETINGGIAN YANG BERBEDA DI GUNUNG SEMERU
Authors: Wulandari Anggun , Rahmawati Rina Dian
Published: March 2019

Polyploidy is a condition when the individual has more than two genomes, this polyploidy phenomenon is common in fern plants and one of the causes that is suspected to cause polyploidy events is cold temperatures. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level of ploidi fern vegetables (Diplazium esculentum) at different altitude in Semeru Mountain. This research is an experimental research using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The object used is the Diplazium esculentum taken from different altitude (500 masl, 1500 masl, and 2500 masl) in Semeru Mountain. The next step is making the preparatory and chromosomal counts were then calculated on 5 root hood cells and each cell was counted for 3 repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed by one way Anova analysis with SPSS. The research results showed that there were differences in ploidy levels of Diplazium esculentum at different altitude indicated by F count (126.849) > F table 0,05 (3.885). Diplazium esculentum located at an heights of 500 masl showed the result of diploid cytological type (2n) which has an average number of chromosomes was 62.934; at an heights of 1500 masl indicated the result of triploid cytological type (3n) which has an average number of chromosomes was 80.334; while at an heights of 2500 masl has an average number of chromosomes as much as 106.4 with tetraploid cytological type results (4n). Thus it can be concluded that there is a difference in ploidy level of Diplazium esculentum at each altitude in Semeru Mountain.
PENGARUH LATIHAN PASSING BERPASANGAN STATIS DAN LATIHAN PASSING BERGERAK DINAMIS TERHADAP KETEPATAN PASSING PADA PERMAINAN FUTSAL
Authors: Oktavia Risna Delila , Hariyanto Didik
Published: March 2019

Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan tentang kesalahan passing pada futsal putri terjadi dalam keadaan pertandingan tegang karena kondisi skor imbang, mampu memenangkan pertandingan diakhir catatan waktu, terkejut saat pemain membawa bola didatangi oleh lawan atau tergesa-gesa ingin segera mencetak gol karena keegoisan pemain itu sendiri. Passing dalam futsal tidak hanya sekedar 1 2 kali sentuhan tetapi banyak variasi passing seperti short passing dan long passing. Maka dari itu kualitas passing harus diperbaiki sejak dini pada peserta ekstrakurikuler atau pada klub futsal putri mengingat dalam permainan futsal passing sangat sering dilakukan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Control Group pre-test post-test Design, (Suharsimi Arikunto, 2013). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ada perbedaan pengaruh antara latihan passing berpasangan dan passing bergerak terhadap ketepatan passing pada peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri SMP Negeri 21 Malang. Hal ini dapat dilihat berdasarkan kedua kelompok eksperimen yang setelah dihitung menggunakan rumus uji beda mean mendapatkan nilai ttes sebesar 0,226 < ts5% (2,782) dan ts1% (3,081), sehingga hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima dan hipotesis nihil (Ho) ditolak.
SURVEI TINGKAT KEBUGARAN JASMANI PADA SISWA PUTRI KELAS VIII MTS SURYA BUANA MALANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Saputro Yulianto Dwi
Published: March 2019

Kebugaran jasmani merupakan salah satu komponen dalam mencapai suatu produktivitas yang baik.Kebugaran jasmani yaitu kesanggupan dan kemampuan tubuh melakukan penyesuaian terhadap pembebasan fisik yang diberikan kepadanya tanpa menimbulkan kelelahan yang berlebihan. Setiap orang membutuhkan kebugaran jasmani yang baik, agar dapat melaksanakan pekerjaannya dengan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini, untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang  kebugaran jasmani pada Siswa Putri Kelas VIII MTsSurya Buana Malang Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan ini untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait dengan fenomena, kondisi atau variable tertentu dan tidak dimaksudkan untuk melakukan pengujian hipotesis. Bentuk sederhana dari penelitian ini dengan menggunakan  penelitiansatu variable dananalisisnya menggunakan statistik deskriptif meliputi mean, median, persentase, dan rasio. Hasil Penelitian ini terdapat tingkat kebugaran jasmani Siswa Putri Kelas VIII MTs Surya Buana Malang Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.sebagian besar menunjukan kriteria baik yaitu 0%, kemudian  untuk kategori sedang 5 dengan persentase 20%, kategori kurang 16 siswa dengan persentase 64% dan untuk kategori  kurang sekali 4 siswa dengan persentase 16%.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN MANDIRI ENERGI DAN PUPUK ORGANIK DI DUKUH RUBIYAH DESA BAGENG KECAMATAN GEMBONG KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Prayitno Hermain Teguh
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHRubiyah sub village has the potential to be developed becoming a self-sufficient energy and fertilizer sub village. It is because the topography of Rubiyah sub village is composed of mountains and the sub village close to rivers which makes a lot of people working in the cattle husbandry sector. The purpose of the study is to formulate strategies in developing Rubiyah sub village becoming a self-sufficient energy and fertilizer sub village. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. The primary data are obtained by interviewing breeders and owners of biogas installation and organic fertilizer in Rubiyah sub village, Bageng Village Pati Regency. While secondary data are derived from relevant reports and publications. The sampling method is a purposive sampling. The data are analysed by SWOT analysis. The result shows that internal external matrix is located in a position of growth concentration through horizontal integration. The main strategies are: 1) to rebuild and to increase the number of biogas digester by involving the local community as the masons; 2) to increase the production of organic fertilizer. Other strategies are the establishment of market and supporting organizations. INDONESIADukuh Rubiyah memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi dukuh mandiri energi dan pupuk organik. Hal ini karena topografi Dukuh Rubiyah yang berupa pegunungan dan dekat dengan sungai menjadikan masyarakatnya banyak yang berprofesi sebagai beternak sapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merumuskan strategi dalam pengembangan mandiri energi dan pupuk organik di Dukuh Rubiyah Desa Bageng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Data primer berasal dari hasil wawancara dengan peternak dan pemilik instalasi biogas dan pupuk organik. Sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari penelitian dan dokumen yang relevan. Metode pengambilan sampel responden adalah purposive sampling. Lokasi penelitian di Dukuh Rubiyah Desa Bageng Kecamatan Gembong Kabupaten Pati. Analisis data menggunakan SWOT. Hasil penelitian adalah matriks internal eksternal berada pada posisi pertumbuhan (Growth) konsentrasi melalui integrasi horisontal, sedangkan strategi utama yaitu berupa pembangunan kembali dan memperbanyak bangunan biogas dan pupuk organik dengan melibatkan masyarakat sendiri sebagai perakitnya. Strategi lain yaitu pembangunan pasar dan pendirian organisasi penunjang.
PERILAKU MENGAKSES PORNOGRAFI ELEKTRONIK PADA REMAJA (Studi di SMP N di Kabupaten Pati)
Authors: Aini Siti Qorrotu
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHAdolescent are the largest population of the target pornography. The purpose of this study were to describe the behavior of junior high school students in accessing pornography. The research method is descriptive quantitative research. The population are Junior High School (SMP) students in Pati regency in total 31.012.The sampel size is 395 students from 19 SMP. Teknik sampling using proportional random sampling area. This research was conducted in June to October 2015 . Data retrived by questionnaires in the form of closed questions. Data analyzed with descriptive analysis using SPSS 16. The results showed that 29.11% of respondents indicated behavioral accessing pornography, 67% of respondents who accessed porn is male 77% and 33% female, most respondents grade 9 had been accessing pornography 62%, the age of first accessing pornography mostly at the age of 12 (27%) and 13tahun (27%) , media sources such as smartphone and VCD from friends (37% ) and the internet (35%), where access to pornography is in the house as much as 48.7%, while accessing pornography majority partner is a friend as much as 60.9%, the response time of viewing pornography is largely disgusted as much as 41.7%, reasons to access mostly for fun as much as 39.1%. INDONESIARemaja merupakan populasi terbesar yang menjadi sasaran pornografi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan gambaran secara kuantitatif tentang perilaku siswa SMP dalam mengakses materi pornografi.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Kabupaten Pati yang berjumlah 31.012.Sampel penelitian ini terdiri atas 395 siswa dari 19 SMP N yang bersedia menjadi responden penelitian.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan proporsional area random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai Oktober 2015.Pengambilan data penelitian dengan menggunakan angket berupa pertanyaan tertutup.Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan bantuan SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 29,11% responden menunjukkan perilaku mengakses meteri pornografi,67% responden pengakses porno berjenis kelamin laki-laki 77% dan 33% perempuan, sebagian besar responden kelas 9 sudah pernah mengakses materi porno yaitu 62%, usia pertama kali mengakses pornografi sebagian besar pada usia 12&13tahun yaitu 54%, Sumber media berupa Hp dan VCD dari teman (37%) dan internet (35%), tempat mengakses materi pornografi adalah di rumah sebanyak 48,7%, partner saat mengakses pornografi sebagian besar adalah teman sebanyak 60,9%, respon saat melihat materi pornografi sebagian besar adalah jijik sebanyak 41,7%, Alasan mengakses sebagian besar karena iseng/coba-coba sebanyak 39,1%.
STRUKTUR USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN OLEH NELAYAN TRADISIONAL DI DESA PECANGAAN KECAMATAN BATANGAN KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Damayanti Herna Octivia
Published: March 2019

ENGLISHMost of the fishermen in the Pecangaan village conduct small-level fishing activities. The study aimed: (1) to analyse the business investment; (2) to analyse the business financing and revenue; and (3) to analyse the financial feasibility of the fishing business in Pecangaan Village, Pati Regency. It was a quantitative-descriptive study. The study was held from March to October 2016 in Pecangaan Village, Pati Regency. The research samples were the fishermen in Pecangaan Village, numbered 55 people. The data analysis comprised descriptive analysis and financial feasibility analysis (Net Present Value, Revenue-Cost Ratio, and Payback Period. The study resulted: (1) The investment consisted of a unit of 5-10 GT boat, 15-20 HP boat machine, and gears, namely shrimp net, crab net, and trap. (2) The largest financing, as well as the revenue, were found in the regular season, then was followed by the peak season and the bad season respectively. (3) The financial analysis concludes that fishing business in Pecangaan Village is profitable and feasible. INDONESIAMayoritas nelayan di Desa Pecangaan melakukan kegiatan penangkapan ikan skala kecil. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) untuk menganalisis investasi usaha; (2) menganalisis pembiayaan dan pendapatan usaha; (3) menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha penangkapan ikan nelayan Desa Pecangaan Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Waktu penelitian bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2016 di Desa Pecangaan Kabupaten Pati. Sampel penelitian yaitu nelayan Desa Pecangaan sebanyak 55 orang. Analisis data yaitu secara deskriptif dan analisis kelayakan usaha secara finansial (Net Present Value, Revenue-Cost Ratio dan Payback Period). Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) investasi terdiri dari 1 unit kapal ukuran 5-10 GT, mesin kapal berkapasitas 15-20 PK, alat tangkap terdiri dari Jaring udang, jaring rajungan dan bubu. (2) Pembiayaan terbesar, sama dengan pendapatan yaitu pada musim biasa, diikuti oleh musim puncak dan musim paceklik. (3) Analisis finansial menyatakan bahwa usaha penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan Desa Pecangaan menghasilkan keuntungan dan layak untuk dijalankan.
Evaluation of Genetic behavior of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) As Effect by Planting Dates
Authors: F. Serheed Abdullah , T. Hussein Haider
Published: March 2019

Afield experiment was carried out during the spring and autumn seasons of 2016 and 2017 in AL- Musaib city / 40 km north of Babylon Provence. Two hybrids of sunflower( shamus, French hybrid (Euroflor) were used to evaluate the performance of the two cultivars at both growing seasons as well as knowledge of genetic behavior by studying the genetic and phenotypic variations, heritability percent, genetic and phenotypic coefficient, stability and persistence of the two cultivars .The results showed significant differences of the studied traits, as the genetic genotype (Shamus) most of the characteristics, especially in yield for two seasons.The genetic variance was higher than the environmental variance for the two seasons indicating that the two cultivars followed the same behavior. The heritability percent the dominant sense was high for most of the traits. The genetic and phenotypic variations between the mean and the high were different for the two seasons, the correlation coefficient was significant, for both cultivars, indicating the appropriateness of the two genotypes for the country's environmental conditions.
Response of Newly Introduced Tomato Cultivars to different levels of potassium fertilizer under controlled Environment condition
Authors: Hussein Noor Aljana Mohammed
Published: March 2019

The experiment was carried out during growing season (2016-2017) at station of greenhouses, AL-muthanna university- collage of agriculture- second research station (Al-Bander) to study the response of introduced tomato cultivars to different concentrations of potassium under protected agriculture conditions. The research included three cultivars (Pusa ruby - Arka vikash- Arka Alok) and three levels of Potassium Fertilizer (90-180-270 kg/ha-1). The Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial experiment (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of Arka Alok variety over others in plant height 121.76 cm, fruit width 6.82 cm, fruit length 4.23 cm, average fruit weight 130.61g, leaf area 129.5 cm2, the yield per plant 2.16 kg. The potassium level (270 Kg/ha-1) was also significantly higher in plant height 118.79 cm, fruit width 5.477 cm, fruit length 3.536 cm, 84.60 g, leaf area 127.3 cm2, TSS 4.97 and chlorophyll content 406.89 mg.m2 and yield per plant 2.16 kg. While the interaction showed significant difference (Arka Alok × 270 Kg.ha-1) in fruit length was 4.24 cm, chlorophyll content was 374.91 mg. m2 and the yield per plant was 2.82 kg. plant-1
The Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to Inoculation with the Mycorrhizae and Spray with FeSO4 and Anti-transpirant
Authors: Hammed Abod Al-Umrany Hussein , Mostafa Abd-alhussein Al-obidy Redah
Published: March 2019

The present experiment was conducted at one field of the research station (B) belongs to Horticulture Department/College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University during the summer season of 2017 in order to study the effect of the inoculation with the mycorrhizae and spray with FeSO4 and Anti-transpirant (Armurox) on some growth characters and yield of okra Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench. The experiment was lay out as a factorial experiment (2x3x2) in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The three factors used in this experiment included; the inoculation with mycorrhizae (M) (0 and 10 g. plant-1), spray with FeSO4 (F) (0, 0.5, and 1g. L-1), and the Anti-transpirant ‘Armurox’ (A) (0 and 5 ml.L-1). The results showed that the inoculation with mycorrhizae had positive effect on chlorophyll content, dry weight of shoot, total number of flowers and total yield with values of 51.15 mg.100 g-1, 28.73%, 116.12 flower. plant -1, 21.92 ton. hectare-1, respectively. The M1F0A0 combination treatment was superior in total number of flowers per plant (132.90), while the M1F2A1 combination treatment was superior in chlorophyll content, dry weight and total yield with values of 68.23 mg. 100 g-1, 31.82%, and 25.29 ton. Hectare-1, respectively.
Effect of Piezo-Embedded Inverted Flag in Free Shear Layer Wake
Authors: Gunasekaran Sidaard , Ross Grant
Published: March 2019

The use of flexible inverted piezo embedded Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) as a simultaneous energy harvester and as a wake sensor is explored. The oscillation amplitude (characterized by voltage output) and oscillation frequency of the piezo-embedded PDVF was quantified in the wake of a 2D NACA 0012 model and SD7003 model at a Reynolds number of 100,000 and 67,000, respectively. The performance of the sensor was also quantified in the freestream without the presence of the wing. In order to quantify the sensor response to angle of attack and downstream distance, the amplitude and frequency of oscillations were recorded in the wing wake. Increase in angle of attack of the wing resulted in increase in oscillation frequency and amplitude of the PVDF. The results also indicated that the inverted flag configuration performed better in the wake under unsteady conditions when compared to freestream conditions. The results from Particle Image Velocimetry indicated that the wake signature was not affected by the presence of the PVDF in the wake. The root mean square voltage contours in the wake of SD7003 airfoil show remarkable free shear layer wake features such as upper and lower surface stratification and downwash angle which shows the sensitivity of the sensor to the unsteadiness in the wake. The capability of this device to act as a potential energy harvester and as a sensor has serious implications in extending the mission capabilities of small UAVs.
The Effect of Cognates on Cognitive Control in Late Sequential Multilinguals: A Bilingual Advantage?
Authors: Fidler Jorik , Lochtman Katja
Published: March 2019

The present study investigated the influence of Dutch-German cognates resp. orthographic neighbors on controlled language processing (i.e., response inhibition). Two monolingual Stroop tasks (Dutch and German) were performed by Dutch-speaking participants who could and could not speak German, and by French-speaking participants who could speak German. The question is whether or not cognate language processing affects cognitive control, resulting in a possible bilingual advantage. In the German Stroop task, we found additional advantages in congruent, as well as incongruent, trials for the two Dutch-speaking groups, which postulates the existence of a cognate resp. orthographic neighbor facilitation effect, even when participants only know one of the two cognate languages. The findings are discussed in relation to two possible factors that can modulate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control: cognateness and orthographic neighborhood. The results suggest the existence of a notification mechanism in the bilingual brain. This mechanism would notify the bilingual brain when dealing with cognates and orthographic neighbors.
Photonic Topological States in a Two-Dimensional Gyrotropic Photonic Crystal
Authors: Sun Xiao-Chen , He Cheng , Liu Xiao-Ping , Zou Yi , Lu Ming-Hui , Hu Xiao , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: March 2019

Time-reversal symmetry (TRS) of electrons is associated with an anti-unitary operator with T 2 = − 1 , which induces Kramers degeneracy and plays an important role in realizing the quantum spin Hall effect (QSHE). By contrast, TRS of photons is described by T b 2 = 1 . We point out that due to this difference, TRS is not the necessary condition for the construction of the photonic analogue of the QSHE. Instead, by constructing an artificial pseudo TRS T p with T p 2 = − 1 in a photonic system, one can realize the photonic Kramers degeneracy and a pair of topological protected edge states, a photonic analogue of the QSHE. Specifically, by retrieving the optical parameters of materials with the pseudo TRS, we propose a photonic topological insulator (PTI) utilizing a pair of double-degenerate transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations to mimic the spin up and down states of the electron. We demonstrate that the unidirectional polarization-dependent transportation of TE and TM edge states can be realized in this system based on computer simulations. For all possible symmetry types, we check the robustness of these topological states by using a complete set of impurities, including three Pauli matrices and one complex conjugate operator. The results show that the PTI is protected by the pseudo TRS T p . In general, an arbitrary pair of optical polarizations on the Bloch sphere can be utilized to construct photonic pseudospin states and the PTI. Our findings confirm the physical meaning of the pseudo TRS and may provide guidance for future PTI designs.
Limiting Uncertainty Relations in Laser-Based Measurements of Position and Velocity Due to Quantum Shot Noise
Authors: Fischer Andreas
Published: March 2019

With the ongoing progress of optoelectronic components, laser-based measurement systems allow measurements of position as well as displacement, strain and velocity with unbeatable speed and low measurement uncertainty. The performance limit is often studied for a single measurement setup, but a fundamental comparison of different measurement principles with respect to the ultimate limit due to quantum shot noise is rare. For this purpose, the Cramér-Rao bound is described as a universal information theoretic tool to calculate the minimal achievable measurement uncertainty for different measurement techniques, and a review of the respective lower bounds for laser-based measurements of position, displacement, strain and velocity at particles and surfaces is presented. As a result, the calculated Cramér-Rao bounds of different measurement principles have similar forms for each measurand including an indirect proportionality with respect to the number of photons and, in case of the position measurement for instance, the wave number squared. Furthermore, an uncertainty principle between the position uncertainty and the wave vector uncertainty was identified, i.e., the measurement uncertainty is minimized by maximizing the wave vector uncertainty. Additionally, physically complementary measurement approaches such as interferometry and time-of-flight positions measurements as well as time-of-flight and Doppler particle velocity measurements are shown to attain the same fundamental limit. Since most of the laser-based measurements perform similar with respect to the quantum shot noise, the realized measurement systems behave differently only due to the available optoelectronic components for the concrete measurement task.
Co-Doping Effect of BiGaO3 and (Bi,Na,K,Li)ZrO3 on Multi-Phase Structure and Piezoelectric Properties of (K,Na)NbO3 Lead-Free Ceramics
Authors: Lee Min-Ku , Bu Sang-Don , Lee Gyoung-Ja
Published: March 2019

The phase boundary structure of (K,Na)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramic was modified by doping with Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO3 and BiGaO3 through normal solid-state sintering. Rietveld refinements by X-ray diffraction revealed that the Bi(Na,K,Li)ZrO3/BiGaO3 co-doping in (K,Na)NbO3 led to a multi-phase structure at room-temperature, effectively moving the rhombohedral-orthorhombic (R-O) and orthorhombic-tetragonal (O-T) polymorphic phase transition temperatures close to the room temperature region. Increased levels of doping also generated a structural transition, i.e., triphasic R-O-T to diphasic R-T (T-rich) and finally to R-T (R-rich), contributing to shrinkage of the O phase as well as the increase of R phase fraction. A sensitive influence of the BiGaO3 doping (0.001 mole fraction level) on the structural properties such as the phase and microstructure was shown, resulting from the effect of the super-tetragonal structure of BiGaO3. The d33 property was strongly dependent on the phase and its volume fraction, in addition to the grain sizes. Eventually, enhanced and balanced properties of the piezoelectric coefficient and Curie temperature (d33 = 309 pC/N, TC = 343 °C) were obtained when the doped ceramic had a T-rich (86%) R-T structure.
Design and Analysis of Surface-Mounted PM Vernier Machines Considering Harmonic Characteristics of Winding MMF
Authors: Jang Daekyu , Chang Junghwan
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a design method for the flux modulation poles (FMPs) formed on the stator of surface-mounted permanent magnet vernier machines (SPMVM) considering the winding configurations. In three types of the SPMVM with the different winding configurations, the FMP shapes to maximize the output torque are optimized by employing the analytical equations for the magneto-motive force (MMF) due to the windings, permeance, and flux density in the air-gap. Then, the validity of the optimal shapes for the FMPs is verified by the finite element analysis. It is found that the optimal FMP shapes are designed differently in the three types of the SPMVM and increase the output torque by different ratios according to the winding configurations. In addition, the experimental results for the prototype show that the proposed method can optimally design the FMP shape by analyzing mathematically the effects of the winding configuration and the FMP shape on the output torque of the SPMVM.
Design Optimization of a Hybrid Steam-PCM Thermal Energy Storage for Industrial Applications
Authors: Hofmann René , Dusek Sabrina , Gruber Stephan , Drexler-Schmid Gerwin
Published: March 2019

The efficiency of industrial processes can be increased by balancing steam production and consumption with a Ruths steam storage system. The capacity of this storage type depends strongly on the volume; therefore, a hybrid storage concept was developed, which combines a Ruths steam storage with phase change material. The high storage capacity of phase change material can be very advantageous, but the low thermal conductivity of this material is a limiting factor. On the contrary, Ruths steam storages have fast reaction times, meaning that the hybrid storage concept should make use of the advantages and compensate for the disadvantages of both storage types. To answer the question on whether this hybrid storage concept is economically feasible, a non-linear design optimization tool for a hybrid storage system is presented. From a preliminary approximation, the results show that the costs of hybrid storage can be reduced, in comparison to a Ruths steam storage with the same storage capacity. Furthermore, a possible hybrid storage design for a real industrial implementation is discussed. Based on further analyses, it was shown that under certain conditions, the retrofitting of a conventional Ruths steam storage to a hybrid storage can be advantageous and cost-effective, compared to an additional Ruths steam storage.
Dual-Loop-Based Current Controller for Transformerless Grid-Tied Converters with Improved Disturbance Attenuation against Voltage Measurement Errors
Authors: Song Zhanfeng , Yu Yun
Published: March 2019

To eliminate current harmonics and to obtain enhanced dynamic behaviors, the voltage feedforward scheme is normally adopted in the control process of transformerless grid-tied converters. However, voltage measurement errors caused by parameter variation of sampling resistance and zero-voltage drift in analog devices will result in DC current injection and distorted grid currents in grid-tied systems. Conventional compensation strategies based on plug-in repetitive controllers and multiple resonant controllers are considered to be effective solutions to solve this problem. Even though undesired components in grid currents can be partially mitigated with these conventional compensation schemes adopted, degraded reference-tracking process with oscillations and slow dynamics are inevitably caused by the controller coupling. To obtain decoupling between reference tracking and disturbance rejection, this paper proposes a dual-loop controller to achieve current regulation and to suppress the disturbances caused by voltage measurement errors. With the proposed dual-loop controller adopted, DC current injection and distortion of grid currents can be effectively attenuated while excellent transient performance with negligible overshoot and fast step response can be simultaneously guaranteed. Frequency-domain analysis and experimental validations are both conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Intelligent Control of Wind-Assisted PHEVs Smart Charging Station
Authors: Hassan Syed Zulqadar , Kamal Tariq , Riaz Muhammad Hussnain , Shah Syed Aamir Hussain , Ali Hina Gohar , Riaz Muhammad Tanveer , Sarmad Muhammad , Zahoor Amir , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Miqueleiz Julio Pascual
Published: March 2019

Two technology opportunities, integration of renewable energy sources and the electrification of vehicles are being encouraged to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and pollution problems. Nevertheless, the huge increase of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on roads will cause an additional load in demand, especially at rush hours, and therefore, threatens the stability of existing power grids. Considering PHEV stay for several hours in the workplace, (i.e., university), this may provide an inimitable framework to charge PHEV from wind in the workplace. This paper introduces the possibility of introducing intelligent control of wind power and battery storage units as supplementary power sources for future PHEV charging demands during rush hours. The operation of the proposed algorithm is based on the priority levels of PHEVs charging, and fluctuations in DC link voltage levels due to the variation in wind speed. The priorities of PHEVs charging are developed according to their power requirements, maximum rating of distribution transformer and park duration of PHEVs in the workplace during wind speed. Various non-isolated proportional–integral controllers and improved intelligent fuzzy control are used to keep a minimum critical DC link voltage to permit the power conditioning system to operate a charging station uninterruptedly, even at low wind speed. The improved intelligent fuzzy controller also contributes to minimizing the stress on the DC bus and ensures quality output power. The performance of the proposed charging station is verified for the real PHEV under real-world record of wind speed. All the energy sources, electric charging station and their controllers are designed in MATLAB/Simulink. Finally, the feasibility of proposed charging station is checked experimentally in the laboratory.
Biofuel Produced from Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Cattle Manure in Coordination with Black Soldier Fly Larvae Decomposition
Authors: Wee Choon Yong , Su Jung-Jeng
Published: March 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of applying a two-step biological treatment process, solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) composting, for the treatment of dairy cattle manure. Biogas from the SSAD of dairy cattle manure, and the digestate of SSAD was fed to BSFL. In turn, BSFL can be fed to animals as a protein supplement. Adjustment of the pH and 30% inoculation ratio (IR30) during SSAD produced the highest theoretical methane yield, 626.1 ± 28.7 L CH4/kg VSdes, with an ultimate methane yield of 96.81 ± 2.0 L CH4/kg VSload. For BSFL composting, the groups with a feeding rate of 75 and 100 mg/day/larvae had the highest body weight change, which was 969.6 ± 28.4% and 984.1 ± 177.6%, respectively. The combination process of SSAD and BSFL composting increases the incentive for dairy cattle manure treatment instead of conventional composting and produced more valuable products.
System to Evaluate Movement of Biological Contaminants in Soil
Authors: Miller Matthew R. , Onstad Nora H. , Green Michelle L. , Witola William H. , Davidson Paul C.
Published: March 2019

Soil columns have been utilized in hydrology to study vertical solute transfer through porous material for decades. Soil columns are typically designed as open tubes with soil held in place with meshing. While this open design is sufficient for non-hazardous particles, it is not ideal for hazardous biological contaminants that may be harmful to humans. The design of this study features a closed soil column system for use with potentially hazardous biological components. The apparatus is comprised of a mist nozzle, flow-reducing cap, and meshing to simulate rainfall on each soil column. After percolating through the soil, water and contaminants pass through a funnel coupling and discharge tube into a collection container. For additional safety, the soil column design fits within a standard biosafety cabinet for use with hazardous contaminants. Its modular design allows for simple maintenance, water flowrate adjustment, and versatility that encourages use in multiple applications. These soil columns were created to study the vertical flow of pathogens, pesticides, and other biological agents. Further experimentation with various hazardous components will develop a better understanding of their fate and transport in soil. This paper details the construction processes and testing methods to validate the system’s ability to replicate a desired flowrate, which is a precursor to studying the vertical transport of pathogens and other agents through soil.
1-D Modeling of the Screw-Pinch Plasma in PROTO-SPHERA
Authors: Buratti Paolo , Tirozzi Brunello , Alladio Franco , Micozzi Paolo
Published: March 2019

A simple steady-state model for a 3-species mixture (ions, electrons, and neutrals) in a screw-pinch plasma configuration is developed. The model is applied to the central plasma column of the PROTO-SPHERA experiment. Degree of ionization, azimuthal current density, and azimuthal ion velocity are calculated. Full ionization is found at plasma temperatures above 1.5 eV, with neutrals confined in an outer shell where radial plasma flow develops and drives both azimuthal current and azimuthal flow.
Integrating Local Knowledge into a National Programme: Evidence from a Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Education Programme
Authors: Kok Michele S.Y. , Bryant Lisa , Cook Clare , Blackmore Sara , Jones Mat
Published: March 2019

Type 2 diabetes prevention is a major priority for healthcare services and public health. This study aimed to evaluate how a local authority in England piloted a diabetes prevention programme. The South Gloucestershire Diabetes Prevention (Pilot) Programme (SGDPP) comprised a group health education course over six weeks with subsequent support provision up to six months post-enrolment. Of the 300 patients invited onto the programme, 32% enrolled and 29% completed the full six-month programme. There was an attendance rate of 84% throughout group sessions and at a six-month follow-up. There were significant improvements across most measures at six months, including a 4 kg mean weight loss and a 3.45 mmol/mol mean HbA1c reduction. Clear goals, high quality organization and personal qualities of educators were identified as central for the programme’s success. The unit costs were similar to pilots of other healthy lifestyle programmes. The evaluation found evidence of reduced type 2 diabetes risk markers, positive impacts for dietary and physical activity, and potential cost-effectiveness for this format of group-based diabetes prevention intervention. Feedback from multiple stakeholders provided insight on how to successfully embed and scale-up delivery of diabetes prevention work. This evidence enables the integration of learning in local service delivery and provides a basis to support development of the national diabetes prevention programme.
Qigong-Based Therapy for Treating Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guo Lijuan , Kong Zhaowei , Zhang Yanjie
Published: March 2019

This current meta-analysis review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Qigong-based therapy on individuals with major depressive disorder. Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wangfang) were employed to retrieve potential articles that were randomized controlled trials. The synthesized effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were computerized to explore the effectiveness of Qigong-based therapy. Additionally, a moderator analysis was performed based on the control type. The pooled results indicated that Qigong-based therapy has a significant benefit on depression severity (Hedges’ g = −0.64, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.35, p < 0. 001, I2 = 41.73%). Specifically, Qigong led to significantly reduced depression as compared to the active control groups (Hedges’ g = −0.47, 95% CI −0.81 to −0.12, p = 0.01, I2 = 22.75%) and the passive control groups (Hedges’ g = −0.80, 95% CI −1.23 to −0.37, p < 0.01, I2 = 48.07%), respectively. For studies which reported categorical outcomes, Qigong intervention showed significantly improved treatment response rates (OR = 4.38, 95% CI 1.26 to 15.23, p = 0.02) and remission rates (OR = 8.52, 95% CI 1.91 to 37.98, p = 0.005) in comparison to the waitlist control group. Conclusions: Qigong-based exercises may be effective for alleviating depression symptoms in individuals with major depressive disorder. Future well-designed, randomized, controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.