bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stein Ringen: Národ ďáblů: Proč si necháváme vládnout?
Authors: Sekerák Marián
Published: September 2018

Politolog Stein Ringen z Oxfordské univerzity nabízí čtenářům provokativnízamyšlení nad principy demokratického vládnutí: jak vláda přiměje občany,aby respektovali její autoritu? Každá vláda musí prosazovat i nepopulárníopatření, od výběru daní přes vymáhání práva po dodržování předpisů.Podle Ringena na to však síla nestačí; občané musejí být ochotní se podřídita nechat se vést. Autor tento politický rébus rozplétá bez rozpaků, napříkladu Spojených států a Velké Británie břitce a přesvědčivě demonstruje,jak se vytváří a udržuje národní kultura poslušnosti. Ukazuje, jakými cestamise musejí vydat vůdci, kteří chtějí vládnout pomocí autority spíše nežpomocí síly a kteří chtějí, řečeno s Immanuelem Kantem, „udržet pořádek vnárodě ďáblů.
Michael Brtnický: Evropská unie a prostor arabského Středomoří: Blízký partner, nebo nebezpečná periferie?
Authors: Havlová Radka
Published: September 2018

Kniha pojednává o evropské zahraniční politice vůči osmi arabským zemímve Středomoří v období 1995–2014. Autor využívá teoretického konceptustrukturální zahraniční politiky a ve třech analytických kapitolách zkoumávnitřní dimenzi evropské zahraniční politiky, její implementaci a podmínkypro její rozvíjení v prostoru arabského Středomoří. Studie tak pokrývápřelomové období evropského zahraničněpolitického působení vezmíněném prostoru, které zahrnuje i tři zásadní iniciativy: 1. Barcelonskýproces: Euro-středomořské partnerství, 2. Evropskou politiku sousedství a 3.Barcelonský proces: Unii pro Středomoří.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) for desalisation using carbon aerogel electrodes
Authors: Le Duyen Khac , Pham Nghiep Quoc , Le Kien Anh
Published: September 2018

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an electrochemical water treatment process that holds the promise of not only being a commercially viable alternative for treating water but for saving energy as well. Carbon aerogel electrodes for CDI process with high specific surface area (779.04 m2/g) and nano-pore (2-90 nm) have been prepared via pyrolyzing RF organic aerogel at 800oC in nitrogen atmosphere. The CDI characteristics of carbon aerogel electrodes were investigated for the NaCl absorption into a CDI cell at variation conditions. Experiments data showed that the maximum NaCl removal capacity was 21.41 mg/g in 500 mg/L NaCl solution, higher than for other carbon-based materials in the literature. It was evaluated that the CDI process using carbon aerogel electrodes promising to be an effective technology for desalination.
PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS IX SMP AL MUSLIM SIDOARJO SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN TVE
Authors: Martinigsih Rr
Published: September 2018

Salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya kualitas pembelajaran adalah belum dimanfaatkannya berbagai sumber belajar secara maksimal, baik oleh guru maupun peserta didik. Dengan dimanfaatkannya berbagai sumber belajar, siswa termotivasi untuk berpikir logis dan sistematik sehingga memiliki pola pikir yang nyata dan semakin mudah memahami hubungan materi pelajaran dengan alam sekitar serta kegunaaan belajar dalam kehidupan sehariâ€“hari. Atas dasar pemikiran inilah, peneliti ingin mengetahui perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas IX SMP Al Muslim Sidoarjo sebelum dan sesudah memanfaatkan Televisi Edukasi (TVE) dalam pembelajaran. Disimpulkan adanya perbedaan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas IX SMP antara yang diajar sebelum dan sesudah memanfaatkan TVE. Perbedaan ini dikarenakan siswa dapat (1) mengembangkan kemampuan bernalar melalui pemanfaatan TVE, (2) menunjukkan pemahaman konsep matematika yang dipelajari melalui tayangan TVE sehingga mampu menjelaskan keterkaitan antar konsep, dan mengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma, secara luwes, akurat, efisien, dan tepat dalam pemecahan masalah, dan (3) menggunakan penalaran pada pola, sifat atau melakukan manipulasi matematika dalam membuat generalisasi, menyusun bukti atau menjelaskan gagasan dan pernyataan matematika berdasarkan pembelajaran melalui tayangan TVE.
Değerler Eğitimine Yönelik Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: KURTDEDE FİDAN Nuray , ÖNER Ömer
Published: September 2018

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye’ de 2011-2016 yılları
arasında değerler eğitimine yönelik yapılmış olan lisansüstü tezlerin
incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenerek gerçekleştirilen
araştırmada, Yükseköğretim
Kurulu Yayın ve Dokümantasyon Dairesi Tez Merkezi Veri Tabanında kayıtlı olan 98
adet lisansüstü tez incelenmiştir. Doküman analizi yöntemiyle toplanan veriler,
içerik analizi tekniği ile
çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan
araştırmada, en çok lisansüstü eğitim tezinin 2013 yılında yapıldığı ve sayıca
en fazla lisansüstü tezin Atatürk Üniversitesi ve Necmettin Erbakan
Üniversitesi’nde hazırlanıldığı görülmüştür. Doktora tezlerinin yüksek lisans
tezlerine oranla oldukça az olduğu, çalışmaların büyük bölümünün nitel
araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yapıldığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, tezlerde veri
toplama aracı olarak, en fazla doküman analizinin kullanıldığı ve
örneklem-çalışma grubu olarak en fazla araştırmanın öğrenci, öğretmen ve yazılı
kaynaklar kullanılarak yürütüldüğü tespit edilmiştir.
Improving Passions
Authors: Burnetts Charles
Published: September 2018

The book examines how the “sentimental”, a term so often invoked in film criticism, has been mobilized, denigrated, quarantined or ignored over 300 years of aesthetic debate. Responding to the often vexed question of what the sentimental means to various critical and popular constituencies, it argues for its continued conceptual value, less as an evaluative term (with its ongoing connotations of a stoical critical elitism), but as a theoretical tradition and taste category that speaks to the tensions between emotion and cognition in literary and visual culture. Using a meta-critical analysis of a wide range of philosophers and film theorists, and case-studies of Chaplin, Ford, Spielberg and various contemporary independent US filmmakers, the book proposes a more inclusive approach to the analysis of emotion in film studies to that offered by ‘cognitivist’ film scholars. It provides a thorough account of sentimentalism’s links with melodrama, a key ‘mode’ of American cinema, as both its conceptual and narratological cousin. It also speculates on the relevance of sentimentality to feminist and genre-based approaches to film, as well as more recent approaches in film philosophy, like ‘cine-ethics’, phenomenology and the impact of Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy.
Logic of the Phantasm: From Speech to the Verb
Authors: Collett Guillaume
Published: September 2018

Now, while we have established that in ultimately speaking the event speech genetically founds language, it is nonetheless ultimately language which expresses the event by retroactively framing speech. At the end of the previous chapter I started touching on the articulation between speech and language, but primarily from the side of speech; to examine this articulation in more depth and detail, it is necessary to now turn to Deleuze’s theory of language (or of the proposition), in relation to which, I will show, speech takes on the function of the verb. Furthermore, this articulation is a specifically phantasmatic framing of speech by language, and therefore also brings us to an analysis of the functioning of the psychoanalytic phantasm in the dynamic genesis. The phantasm is the culmination of the dynamic genesis or the structure it generates, as well as underpinning The Logic of Sense’s theory of the proposition, and finally it also dramatically opens onto the book’s ontological and literary themes which I will discuss in the following chapter. Indeed, it is through the phantasm that all these elements combine giving The Logic of Sense its topological continuity.
ReFocus: The Films of Kelly Reichardt
Authors: Hall E. Dawn
Published: September 2018

Over her multi-film career, the American independent filmmaker Kelly Reichardt has established a highly individual perspectives on questions of gender, feminism, socioeconomics and sexual orientation, set within an aesthetic framework that is guided by the low-budget techniques of ‘slow cinema,’ minimalism and neorealism. ReFocus: The Films of Kelly Reichardt argues that Reichardt’s films have a distinctive look due to stylistic and aesthetic choices prompted by production limitations; Reichardt has embraced the intensive labor involved with low budget filmmaking, establishing signature auteur characteristics. In this close reading of her feature films and experimental shorts, including production methods, E. Dawn Hall defines Reichardt’s auteur characteristics, arguing that she offers a contemporary and sustainable model for independent filmmakers in America. By chronicling Reichardt’s career, ReFocus: The Films of Kelly Reichardt attempts to draw conclusions about women’s career longevity in the independent sector. Through a comprehensive study of production methodology, this book positions Reichardt’s filmmaking as a choice to remain independent and low-budget, highlighting the gendered dimensions of labor, creativity, and challenges contextualized within contemporary industry practices.
Antonia White and Manic-Depressive Illness
Authors: Moran Patricia
Published: September 2018

Misdiagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia instead of what was bipolar or manic-depressive illness, Antonia White turned repeatedly to psychoanalysis and Catholicism to resolve the emotional conflicts that she believed were the cause of her tumultuous moods, her inexplicable behaviour and her writer’s block. This study rereads White’s writing within the context of manic-depressive illness to show how the misdiagnosis of her illness shaped the identity narratives White constructed in her life-writing and then used as the basis of her strongly autobiographical fiction. White’s self-narratives have skewed critical interpretations of her work; at the same time, her fiction has not been studied as expressive of affective disorder. By contextualising White’s work within the contexts of manic-depression and narrative identity, this study proposes a new model for reading White; documents the complex interplay of biological, psychological and environmental factors involved in affective disorder; and historicises the diagnosis and treatment of White’s illness in medical, psychoanalytic and Catholic contexts.
Modernism and the Theatre of the Baroque
Authors: Armond Kate
Published: September 2018

Did you know that seventeenth-century philosophy influenced dance theory and evolutionary science during the modernist period? Or that in England, Italy and Germany the term ‘baroque’ was used almost exclusively as an insult until the 1900s? Modernism and the Theatre of the Baroque fashions an independent aesthetic for modernist writers and texts that challenges many high modernist qualities promoted by James Joyce and T. S. Eliot. Providing a fresh interpretation of the works of Djuna Barnes, Wyndham Lewis, Edward Gordon Craig and Isadora Duncan, the book broadens our understanding of modernist priorities and demonstrates how readily these ideas translate across genres. It shows that modernists are not passive recipients of baroque stereotypes but are instead painstaking in their research and innovative in their reworking of original sources. This is an introduction to key ideas, characters and techniques that will allow the baroque to be used as a conceptual and historical framework for analysing modernist achievements, thereby opening up new opportunities for further research
Language, Politics and Society in the Middle East
Authors: AlNajjar Abeer
Published: September 2018

This book aims to shed light on core questions relating to language and society, language and conflict, and language and politics, in relation to a changing Middle East. While the book focuses on Arabic, it goes way beyond a purely linguistic analysis by bringing to the fore a set of pressing questions about the relationship between Arabic and society. For example, it touches on the development of language policy via an examination of administrative mandates (top-down) in contrast to grassroots initiatives (bottom-up); the deeper layers of the linguistic landscape that highlight the connection between politics, conflict, identity, road signs and street names; Arabic studies and Arabic identity and the myriad ways countries deal simultaneously with globalisation while also seeking to strengthen local and national identity, and more.
On the Place of Politics in Commercial Society
Authors: Hanley Ryan Patrick
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Istvan Hont’s book Politics in Commercial Society, the final work of one of the twentieth century’s great students of Adam Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment, presents a comparative study of the political theories of Smith and Rousseau. For students of the Smith-Rousseau relationship, it is valuable on two fronts, one methodological and one substantive. Yet the book is not the magnum opus for which some may have hoped. In light of this, the present essay has three aims: first, to call attention to the work’s most valuable substantive and methodological claims; second, to frame the book’s contributions by setting its claims in the context of recent scholarship; and third, to raise some questions regarding three of the book’s core theses.
Julie’s Garden and the Impartial Spectator: An Examination of Smithian Themes in Rousseau’s La Nouvelle Héloïse
Authors: Baker Tabitha
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the similarities between Smith and Rousseau’s moral philosophy through a discussion of the Smithean aspects of Rousseau’s 1761 novel La Nouvelle Héloïse. Focussing the analysis on the motif of the eighteenth-century English landscape garden, this chapter reveals the extent to which Rousseau’s novel reflects Smith’s principles of arriving at moral behaviour and true virtue. The author argues that it is within the space of Julie’s garden that Rousseau and Smith’s theories are reconciled in order to produce a blended social model in which Smith provides responses to Rousseau’s failed utopia. An examination of La Nouvelle Héloïse alongside Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments demonstrates that the symbol of the landscape garden in Rousseau’s novel is an experimental setting in which Rousseau and Smith’s theories are merged, and it is through Rousseau’s fiction that the complicated relationship between the two thinkers’ thought can be most evidently sourced.
An Elegy for Cinema1
Authors: Radner Hilary , Fox Alistair
Published: September 2018

This chapter describes how Raymond Bellour in the twenty-first century enters into the on-going debates about the end of cinema that commenced in France in the late 1980s. The chapter underlines how he focuses largely on the changing shape and nature of the dispositif (or viewing situation, including the assumptions that a spectator brings to the viewing experience) in response to new technologies, with an emphasis on moving-image installation art shown in the museum or gallery. Whereas some scholars, such as Francesco Casetti, among others, have claimed that digital technologies and the proliferation of diverse viewing platforms mark a further development, a continuation of what was once cinema (and perhaps even the nineteenth century novel, the photo-roman, the comic book. etc.), Bellour sees these changes as constituting a fundamental break, an ontological shift in the nature of the medium. For Bellour, the dispositif – the apparatus, or physical setting and its technological and psychic potentiality for interaction, as well as the codes that inform this interaction, within which the viewer confronts and makes meaning out of a narrative, visual or otherwise – is fundamental to the experience of cinema and the ideas that it generates. This section offers an exploration Bellour’s understanding of these crucial changes, the implications of which animate discussions about contemporary media across the disciplines.
Thierry Kuntzel and the Rise of Video Art
Authors: Radner Hilary , Fox Alistair
Published: September 2018

Raymond Bellour describes how his interest in video art grew out of his personal friendship with Thierry Kuntzel and the latter’s growing interest in experimental filmmaking using the new technology, and how this interest prompted him to seek to understand how the new medium was leading to a modification of perception. He goes on to explain how video technology enables the production of images that escape the natural conditions deemed to constrain photography, also emphasizing the influence of painting on video art.
A Select Annotated Bibliography of the Publications of Raymond Bellour
Authors: Fox Alistair
Published: September 2018

Apart from the articles reprinted in The Analysis of Film and Between-the-Images, the vast majority of Bellour’s books and articles have been published in French only, and hence are unavailable to readers who are unable to read them in their original language. Gaining a grasp of Bellour’s thought is also complicated by the fact that each of his books on cinema comprises a mosaic of individual pieces that have been written at different times, and published in a range of different outlets, often being republished, with revisions, over the span of Bellour’s career. This annotated bibliography is designed to furnish a brief abstract of each publication so as to provide the reader with a sense of the topography of Bellour’s thought on particular issues, along with a sense of how it has evolved....
‘The case appears too liquid’: The Two Sides of Androgyno
Authors: Hui Isaac
Published: September 2018

Drawing attention to the subplot of Lady Would-be, the chapter untangles the differences between the androgyne and the hermaphrodite with the use of Freud and Lacan, comparing Volpone with The Symposium, Metamorphoses, Twelfth Night and Epicoene, demonstrating the two meanings of being an androgyne in Jonson. While it is suggested that fools ‘are the only nation / worth men’s envy or admiration’ (1.2.66-67), this chapter argues that Jonson’s androgyne is more like a eunuch, which can be read as an unconscious slip on the part of the dramatist.
Resisting Identity
Authors: Smith Jennifer J.
Published: September 2018

Chapter five argues that the best way to grasp William Faulkner’s oeuvre is through the paradigm of the short story cycle because of his use of limited localities, interstitial temporalities, and formative kinships; this approach pushes against a mountain of criticism that expects and measures the unity of his work. The form, with its privileging of multiple, competing narratives, is ideally suited to articulating the crises of history and subjectivity that Faulkner dramatizes. Faulkner’s achievements in the cycle reach an apex in Go Down, Moses (1942), which is his most sustained treatment of black-white relations. Go Down, Moses explores both continual and heightened moments of interracial intimacies. The stories most sharply narrate the crises that the white McCaslin line faces when grappling with their unacknowledged kinship with the black Beauchamp line. This chapter demonstrate that the cycle dramatizes the production of provisional racial identities, because they do not depend upon rigid distinctions, essential characteristics, or defined origins.
Citizens of the Future: Informational Film and the Welfare State
Authors: Thomson C. Claire
Published: September 2018

Although informational films made for domestic audiences in 1950s Denmark sometimes circulated internationally, their primary function was to instruct the populace about national institutions and infrastructure. They help to shape and renegotiate citizenship and national identity on screen, and mediate new technologies, laws and practices. This chapter examines five such films covering a range of topics: the national rail network, public libraries, home economics training for housewives, careers advice, and sport and leisure. Of these, three were directed by Theodor Christensen, a leading figure in Danish documentary. The production history of each film is outlined and contextualised within the contemporary socio-political developments and innovations which, in most cases, triggered the film projects. The chapter also describes the national network of informational film distribution, including Statens Filmcentral, and the screening of films in a range of venues such as cinemas, libraries and leisure clubs. The distinction in the Danish context between the forfilm (for theatrical exhibition) and foreningsfilm (for use by clubs and societies) is examined.
Performing (Comic) Abjection in the Hong Kong Ghost Story
Authors: Chan Felicia
Published: September 2018

Horror films in Hong Kong cinema have eschewed terror in favour of comedy, where supernatural beings take the form of hopping vampires, wandering spirits and underworld demons rendered in latex masks and movie slime. This chapter explores the comic presentation of these subjects in Hong Kong horror, where the self-reflexive exposure of the cinematic machinery of costume and special effects appear to put it at odds with the spectral affectivity of the Hong Kong ghost story. This chapter returns to two classic films from the mid-1980s, A Chinese Ghost Story (Tsui Hark 1987) and Rouge (Stanley Kwan 1988), films from the ‘second wave’ period long noted to carry ‘Hong Kong’ as a subject of concern in the run up to the British handover of 1997, and revisits their historical positioning in the light of more recent post-1997 incarnations such as Visible Secret (Ann Hui 2001), My Left Eye Sees Ghosts (Johnnie To 2002), and Rigor Mortis (Juno Mak 2013).
Food for Thought: Cannibalism in The Untold Story and Dumplings
Authors: Stokes Lisa Odham
Published: September 2018

Food features prominently in Hong Kong cinema, from the infamous “Eat my rice” scene in Woo’s heroic bloodshed A Better Tomorrow 2 to the special recipes of dueling restaurants in the Hui Brothers’ comedy Chicken and Duck Talk. While in many action movies, dramas and comedies, food brings people together, in Hong Kong horror films, food carries more ominous overtones. Cannibalism serves as the main course in Herman Yau’s Untold Story (aka Human Pork Buns) and Fruit Chan’s Dumplings (the former drawn from a real case and the latter a short and feature). Both explore the political and social underpinnings of their time. Untold Story (1993) is an excellent example of crisis cinema- in your face, low budget, high anxiety over the return of Hong Kong to China. Dumplings (2004) reflects the post-postmodern fascination with a youth culture, at any costs. Both films mark class distinctions and reflect the cultural importance of food in Chinese society as well as provide comment on their times.
Sympathy for the Slasher: Strategies of Character Engagement in Pang Ho-cheung’s Dream Home
Authors: Bettinson Gary
Published: September 2018

Pang Ho-cheung’s Dream Home (2010) is a controversial Hong Kong slasher movie in which a killer (played by Josie Ho) constitutes the prime object of spectator sympathy and allegiance. To its detractors, the film falls foul of an “aesthetic error”: by presenting the heroine’s victims as “undeserving” of brutalization, Dream Home inadvertently undercuts its own attempt to generate sympathy for the slasher protagonist. This paper attempts to dispute the critics’ charge of aesthetic defectiveness, arguing instead that the film’s strategies of character engagement purposively foster a critique of Hong Kong’s capitalist hegemony. More broadly, the paper tries to demonstrate the ways in which Dream Home is a specifically Hong Kong horror film. This discussion is situated within wider debates concerning the imputed loss of Hong Kong “localism” in the context of global forces such as Mainlandization and Hollywoodization.
Meat without Animals: Outcast Objects and the Improvement of London
Authors: Geier Ted
Published: September 2018

Covers the long history of the Smithfield animal market and legal reform in London. Shows the relationship of civic improvement tropes, including animal rights, to animal erasure in the form of new foodstuffs from distant meat production sites. The reduction of lives to commodities also informed public abasement of the butchers.
Sound Enclosures
Authors: Schotter Jesse
Published: September 2018

Moving from theories of film to film itself, the third chapter contends that Citizen Kane employs the same narrative form as the novel Orson Welles wanted to adapt when he went to Hollywood, Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Both works revolve around the attempted decipherment of a deathbed phrase by multiple narrators. But Welles also derives from Conrad his concern with the relationship among speech, writing, and image, a relationship transformed by new technologies of sound recording, frequently described as akin to hieroglyphs. The innovative plot structures of Conrad and Welles seek to call attention to the ways in which the medium of the novel or of film, respectively, can uniquely express the visual and the oral, without seeking to mediate between the two.
Basic English
Authors: McElvenny James
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores C. K. Ogden’s project Basic English against the background of the contemporary international language movement. An exposition of the international language movement, its political and philosophical commitments, is followed by an examination of the features of Ogden’s Basic and the rhetoric surrounding it. The connections between the theories developed in The Meaning of Meaning and Basic English are looked at in detail. The chapter closes with a discussion of the influence of Jeremy Bentham and his Panopticon on Basic, and of the reaction of George Orwell to the project, as revealed in his published writings and correspondence with Ogden, and in Newspeak, his parody of constructed languages.
Ogden and the Vienna Circle
Authors: McElvenny James
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates the contact and collaboration between C. K. Ogden and the Vienna Circle philosophers Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap, which was chiefly driven by Ogden and centred around his project Basic English. The aspects of philosophy of language and social engagement that united Ogden with Neurath and Carnap are first examined in detail. Attention then turns to Neurath’s picture statistics, which through collaboration with Ogden evolved into Isotype, a contribution to the international language movement aligned with Basic. Finally, the relationship between Ogden, Carnap and Neurath as revealed in their correspondence is discussed, along with their shared fate in the post-World War II intellectual environment.
Epilogue
Authors: McElvenny James
Published: September 2018

This chapter closes the book by tracing the development of its key themes from the end of World War II up to the present day. In particular, different attitudes and approaches to the study of meaning in linguistics are investigated. The first part of the chapter looks at the retreat into formalism and distancing from the problems of meaning that characterised American Structuralism in the wake of Leonard Bloomfield and was continued in the generative grammar of Noam Chomsky. The second part examines efforts at linguistic semantics, focusing on the Natural Semantic Metalanguage of Anna Wierzbicka and her recent proposal for Minimal English.
Introduction: Class, Radicalism and Democracy, 1918–1939
Authors: Petrie Malcolm
Published: September 2018

British politics was transformed by the extension and equalisation of the franchise after 1918: the electorate at the 1929 general election was four times the size it had been in 1910. Traditionally, this was seen as a development that aided the Labour Party. More recent studies have emphasised that there was no simple relationship between class and political allegiance. Less attention has, however, been accorded to the impact of the new franchise on political culture more broadly, and, since it fulfilled the central demand made by radicals for more than a century, on the political left in particular. This chapter outlines the consequences of this shift for radical politics, positioning the study of Scottish politics within a wider British context.
May Day, Armistice Day and the Politics of Public Space
Authors: Petrie Malcolm
Published: September 2018

The role of place remains a neglected factor in the political history of modern Britain. Yet where and how parties conducted their political campaigns was of fundamental importance in conferring legitimacy on movements and causes. In the immediate post-war period, urban public space provided a platform for the expression of a range of radical identities, most notably on occasions such as May Day. Yet after the 1926 General Striketolerance of such occasions declined; more than this, the willingness of leading Labour Party figures to appear amid the pageantry and class symbolism on display at May Day rallieswaned. Local public space became instead the venue for occasions such as Armistice Day, which expressed a shared national identity.
Introduction: Scotland in Revolution, 1685–1690
Authors: Raffe Alasdair
Published: September 2018

IN DECEMBER 1688, THE authority of King James VII, Scotland’s last Catholic ruler and most self-consciously ‘absolute’ monarch, collapsed. As recently as the summer, James’s government had seemed strong. The political instability convulsing his southern kingdom of England, where James had prosecuted seven bishops for refusing his commands, had no visible parallel in Scotland. North of the Tweed, the king’s highly innovative policies – religious toleration, the promotion of Catholicism and systematic intervention in local government – were unchallenged. But in November, the invasion of southern England by William of Orange, James’s Dutch nephew and son-in-law, quickly undermined the government in Scotland. Despite gathering his army to confront William’s forces on Salisbury Plain, James failed to resist the invaders, withdrawing to London on 23 November....
James and the Royal Burghs
Authors: Raffe Alasdair
Published: September 2018

This chapter investigates the evolution and effects of James VII’s policy towards Scotland’s royal burghs. In 1686, the king blamed parliament’s failure to repeal laws against Catholics largely on the burgh representatives. In response, he ordered the suspension of their annual council elections in September 1686; by November 1688, he had nominated some or all of the magistrates and councillors of 48 burghs. Though the crown imposed new men on some burghs, few Catholics achieved urban office under James. While some royal nominations inflamed factional tensions among townsfolk, many of the king’s interventions did little to reshape the oligarchies that governed royal burghs, and some nominations were never implemented. The policy exposes the limitations of James’s centralising agenda, but it nevertheless generated principled opposition from urban elites.
The Revolution in the Localities
Authors: Raffe Alasdair
Published: September 2018

This chapter reconstructs the events of the revolution in Scotland, from the collapse of James VII’s authority in December 1688 to the meeting of the convention of estates in March 1689. Focusing particularly on Scottish localities, it argues that the revolution consisted of a patchwork of local crises and contests for office, but lacked strong and coherent national leadership. Nevertheless, four types of revolutionary activity can be distinguished: violent crowd demonstrations; local elections in reaction to James’s interventions in the royal burghs; the reading of Prince William of Orange’s Scottish Declaration of Reasons for his invasion and addressing the prince; participation in elections to the convention of estates.
Contemporary Feminism and Women's Short Stories
Authors: Young Emma
Published: September 2018

The short story has received renewed attention and notable popular acclaim in the twenty-first century. This book offers a wide-ranging survey of contemporary women’s short stories and introduces a new way of theorising feminism in the genre through the concept of ‘the moment’. By considering the prominent themes of motherhood, marriage, domesticity, sexuality, masculinity and femininity, this work engages with a spectrum of issues that are central to feminism today and, in the process, offers insightful new readings of the contemporary short story. Readers will find new perspectives on both canonical as well as lesser-discussed contemporary writers, including Kate Atkinson, Nicola Barker, A.S. Byatt, Aminatta Forna, Victoria Hislop, Jackie Kay, Andrea Levy, Hilary Mantel, Kate Mosse, Michèle Roberts, Ali Smith, Zadie Smith and Rose Tremain. While serving as a comprehensive introduction to the central themes of feminist politics, the study shows what makes the short story a desirable literary vehicle for creatively and critically contributing to feminist debates.
Introduction: Comrade Mallarmé
Authors: Boncardo Robert
Published: September 2018

Why has Stéphane Mallarmé — the notoriously difficult and seemingly aristocratic leader of the late-19th century French Symbolists — been so important for the some of France’s greatest 20th century thinkers? Why, in particular, has his work been invested with political significance by philosophers and theorists of the French Left, from Jean-Paul Sartre to Alain Badiou, Julia Kristeva to Jacques Rancière? Comrade Mallarmé? introduces the series of political readings of the poet that have been proposed since Paul Valéry’s seminal interpretation. It also engages with contemporary scholarship on Mallarmé, and offers a critical reading of Jean-François Hamel’s recent work Camarade Mallarmé, which addresses a similar corpus of works to Mallarmé and the Politics of Literature. This introduction argues that the key mystery to be solved is why Mallarmé has so consistently oscillated between being a hero and villain of the French Left, from Sartre to today’s readers.
Introduction
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2018

This book relates a story of the rebirth of conversation in Renaissance and early modern Europe. In the beginning, there was Cicero, who, in the midst of his strictures on the kinds of persuasive speech – the types of rhetoric – wrote scattered paragraphs on how conversation (...
The Renaissance of Conversation
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2018

This chapter focuses upon the transformation from roughly 1400 to 1700 of the conception of conversation itself, both within treatises touching on theories of conversation and in the practice of the literary genre of dialogue, that literary emulation of sermo whose changing form registered conversation’s transformations. This transformation began with the Renaissance humanists, who intensified the Petrarchan abstraction of conversation-as-metaphor from actual conversation. The changing role of Renaissance conversation was linked to the simultaneous expansion of oratory’s ambitions, which inspired both the use of conversation as a refuge from oratory and, in a revolutionary riposte, the counter-claim that conversation should expand the scope of its subject matter supplant oratory. The innovative genre of Utopian dialogue provided a climax to this last development, by transforming the old debate as to the optimus status rei publicae into a conversation, and thus incorporating the ends of political action within the genre of sermo. Finally, in seventeenth-century France, the preceding expansion of conversation culminated in a revolutionary triumph, as conversation replaced oratory as the default mode of rhetoric. These changes collectively set the stage for the centrality of conversation in the intellectual world of early modern Europe.
Court, Salon and Republic of Letters
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2018

The humanist educational project to educate the elite of Western Europe produced as one of its dizzy successes the application of conversation to the speech and behavior of nobleman at court. This, the development of the ideal of the courtier, took conversation from the leisurely retreat from the ancient political world to the courtly heart of the Renaissance political world. The salons of seventeenth-century France further transformed the conversational tradition of the court: in principle, the conversation of the salons began quietly to set itself to rival the world of oratory, to address itself to the same worldly subject matter. The Republic of Letters provided an alternate social matrix for sermo, scholarly rather than courtly—and one which migrated away from its Ciceronian roots towards the mode of Baylean critique. Where the courtly and scholarly traditions of sermo acted as complementary modes during the Renaissance, the increasing scope of salonnier conversation and the increasing abandonment of sermo by the Republic of Letters set them at odds with one another in the opening of the Enlightenment. Both now harbored universalizing ambitions, which would set these sibling modes to fierce conflict.
Letters
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2018

Renaissance humanists classicized their letters so as to approximate the familiar style of sermo—but they also inherited the medieval tradition of ars dictaminis, which had shifted letters toward the public realm. Humanist letters therefore continued to depart from familiar style in practice—and in Erasmus’ theory, he explicitly acknowledged that letter-writing was no longer entirely a genre of familiar communication. The Renaissance humanist letter became a mode of communication mediating between conversation and oratory, and firmly oriented toward the public world. One descendant of the humanist letter would be the newspaper—that genre that Habermas took to constitute the public sphere. The newspaper, by way of the news letter, preserved aspects of the style of familiar communication, but, as it shifted in medium toward print, transformed into a distinctly persuasive communication between anonymous correspondents and anonymous recipients. Conversation had shifted in theory to be able to address the public world; the newspaper would be the genre that embodied a familiar conversation, universal and anonymous, that discussed all the subjects of the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Randall David
Published: September 2018

The changed conception of conversation that emerged by c.1700 was about to expand its scope enormously – to the broad culture of Enlightenment Europe, to the fine arts, to philosophy and into the broad political world, both via the conception of public opinion and via the constitutional thought of James Madison (1751–1836). In the Enlightenment, the early modern conception of conversation would expand into a whole wing of Enlightenment thought. The intellectual history of the heirs of Cicero and Petrarch would become the practice of millions and the constitutional architecture of a great republic....
Press Propaganda and Subaltern Agents of Pan-Islamic Networks in the Muslim Mediterranean World prior to World War I
Authors: Moreau Odile
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores movement and circulation across the Mediterranean and seeks to contribute to a history of proto-nationalism in the Maghrib and the Middle East at a particular moment prior to World War I. The discussion is particularly concerned with the interface of two Mediterranean spaces: the Middle East (Egypt, Ottoman Empire) and North Africa (Morocco), where the latter is viewed as a case study where resistance movements sought external allies as a way of compensating for their internal weakness. Applying methods developed by Subaltern Studies, and linking macro-historical approaches, namely of a translocal movement in the Muslim Mediterranean, it explores how the Egypt-based society, al-Ittihad al-Maghribi, through its agent, Aref Taher, used the press as an instrument for political propaganda, promoting its Pan-Islamic programme and its goal of uniting North Africa.
The Different Origins of the Affects in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics
Authors: Jaquet Chantal
Published: September 2018

Once Spinoza's thought has been situated with respect to Descartes, it is necessary to understand the stages of how the concept of affect is constructed in his corpus. The aim of Chapter III is to compare and contrast the relevant texts in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics in order to measure the evolution of Spinoza's thought. This approach is divided into three parts:
– The principles of the comparison between the affects in the Preface to the Theological-Political Treatise and in the Ethics
– The origin and definition of the affects in the Theological-Political Treatise
– The differences between the Theological-Political Treatise and the Ethics
Whereas the Theological-Political Treatise offers an analysis of the affects in the historical context of humankind living under the guardianship of theological and political authorities, the Ethics approaches the affects geometrically, and studies them like lines, surfaces, and bodies, removed from historical context. Beyond this methodological approach, a more and more dynamic conception of the affects is gradually sketched out. Whereas in the Theological-Political Treatise affect is essentially passive and contrary to reason, the Ethics establishes a new approach by distinguishing action-affects from passion-affects, thus ceasing to systematically pit the affective and rational worlds against one other.
Sovereignty and Russian national identity-making: The biopolitical dimension
Authors: Makarychev Andrey , Yatsyk Alexandra
Published: September 2018

The chapter addresses Russian national identity by applying the concept of biopolitics. This approach constitutes a departure from dominant schools of thought, which view contemporary Russian political and social concepts through traditional lenses: institutional change, state–society relations, centre–periphery controversies, etc. Biopolitics offers a specific way of anchoring the uncertain Russian identity in a set of consensually understood nodal points that encapsulate bodily practices of corporeal discipline and control. The chapter argues that Putin’s regime utilises such a biopolitical approach to consolidate its rule, drawing on conservative norms that can be asserted through religious, gender-based or ‘Russian World’-grounded discourses. It examines this point through case studies of school education, anti-adoption legislation, the penitentiary system, family and reproductive health and other aspects.
Revolutionary nationalism in contemporary Russia
Authors: Kuznetsova Alexandra , Sergeev Sergey
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the main varieties and trends in the development of national revolutionary organisations in Russia from the 1990s until 2010s: national Bolsheviks, national anarchists, national socialists (supporters of the ‘white revolution’), and national democrats. It shows how the genesis of the various Russian national revolutionary organisations is closely connected with the social and economic crises that have struck post-Soviet Russia: the Russian ‘ressentiment’ of the 1990s gave rise to the national Bolsheviks; the economic growth of the 2000s, accompanied by an influx of migrants, inspired the Nazi skinheads/national socialists; and the growth of protest sentiments, which in 2011–2012 erupted in the mass movement ‘For Fair Elections’, led to the emergence of the national democrats. However, after the annexation of Crimea, the authorities managed to intercept the agenda of the nationalist movement, subsequently splitting and weakening it.
The extreme right fringe of Russian nationalism and the Ukraine conflict: The National Socialist Initiative
Authors: Tipaldou Sofia
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the dynamics of the extreme fringe of Russian nationalism and the new challenges posed by the events in Ukraine. It presents the main ideological positions of the nationalists who flirt with totalitarianism and sheds light on the internal dynamics of the contemporary Russian nationalist scene, following the trajectory of activist Dmitrii Bobrov from his participation in Russian National Unity to the founding of his own organisations Shultz-88 and the National (People’s) Socialist Initiative (NSI). The latter worked in a network with the Movement against Illegal Migration (DPNI) and the Slavic Union. However, the war in Ukraine divided the nationalist movement into supporters and opponents of the Russian Spring/Novorossiia and of Vladimir Putin. NSI support for the Russian Spring contributed to the breakdown of the Russkie, the broadest ethno-nationalist coalition in Russia up to that point.
A Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Pain Management in Newborn Infants
Authors: Mangat Avneet K. , Oei Ju-Lee , Chen Kerry , Quah-Smith Im , Schmölzer Georg M.
Published: September 2018

Pain is a major problem in sick newborn infants, especially for those needing intensive care. Pharmacological pain relief is the most commonly used, but might be ineffective and has side effects, including long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. The effectiveness and safety of alternative analgesic methods are ambiguous. The objective was to review the effectiveness and safety of non-pharmacological methods of pain relief in newborn infants and to identify those that are the most effective. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the terms: “infant”, “premature”, “pain”, “acupuncture”, “skin-to-skin contact”, “sucrose”, “massage”, “musical therapy” and ‘breastfeeding’. We included 24 studies assessing different methods of non-pharmacological analgesic techniques. Most resulted in some degree of analgesia but many were ineffective and some were even detrimental. Sucrose, for example, was often ineffective but was more effective than music therapy, massage, breast milk (for extremely premature infants) or non-invasive electrical stimulation acupuncture. There were also conflicting results for acupuncture, skin-to-skin care and musical therapy. Most non-pharmacological methods of analgesia provide a modicum of relief for preterm infants, but none are completely effective and there is no clearly superior method. Study is also required to assess potential long-term consequences of any of these methods.
Possible Scenarios of Winter Wheat Yield Reduction of Dryland Qazvin Province, Iran, Based on Prediction of Temperature and Precipitation Till the End of the Century
Authors: Mirgol Behnam , Nazari Meisam
Published: September 2018

The climate of the Earth is changing. The Earth’s temperature is projected to maintain its upward trend in the next few decades. Temperature and precipitation are two very important factors affecting crop yields, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a need for future climate predictions to protect vulnerable sectors like agriculture in drylands. In this study, the downscaling of two important climatic variables—temperature and precipitation—was done by the CanESM2 and HadCM3 models under five different scenarios for the semi-arid province of Qazvin, located in Iran. The most efficient scenario was selected to predict the dryland winter wheat yield of the province for the three periods: 2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099. The results showed that the models are able to satisfactorily predict the daily mean temperature and annual precipitation for the three mentioned periods. Generally, the daily mean temperature and annual precipitation tended to decrease in these periods when compared to the current reference values. However, the scenarios rcp2.6 and B2, respectively, predicted that the precipitation will fall less or even increase in the period 2070–2099. The scenario rcp2.6 seemed to be the most efficient to predict the dryland winter wheat yield of the province for the next few decades. The grain yield is projected to drop considerably over the three periods, especially in the last period, mainly due to the reduction in precipitation in March. This leads us to devise some adaptive strategies to prevent the detrimental impacts of climate change on the dryland winter wheat yield of the province.