bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PELAPORAN INSIDEN KEJAHATAN SIBER
Authors: Fediro Barava , Tata Sutabri
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membangun dan merancang sistem informasi pelaporan kejahatan siber yang dimana saat ini kejahatan siber semakin meresakan. Maka dari itu perlu peningkatan keamanan terutama dalam segi pengembangan teknologi untuk mengatasi kejahatan siber pada era sekarang ini. Pada penelitian ini penulis ingin melakukan perancangan sistem informasi untuk pelaporan masyarakat terhadap kejadian kejahatan siber. Beberapa permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah masyarakat yang enggan melaporkan kejahatan yang mereka temui dikarenakan jarak yang jauh dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Maka diperlukannya rancang bangun aplikasi pelaporan kejahatan siber ini untuk meminimalisir permasalahan yang ada. Sehingga masyarakat lebih mudah dalam melakukan pembuatan laporan mengenai cybercrime. Hasil penelitian maka terciptanya suatu rancangan sistem informasi yang dimana akan dikembangkan atau di implementasi kedalam tahap sistem informasi. Kedepannya diharapkan sistem ini dapat membantu pihak-pihak terkait terutama masyarakat dalam mengatasi kejadia seperti kejahata siber pada umumnya
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI SEKOLAH BERBASIS WEBSITE (STUDY KASUS SD NEGERI CISARUA)
Authors: Rizwan Nurfalah  , Arny Lattu
Published: February 2023

SD Negeri Cisarua merupakan instansi sekolah negeri dibawah naungan pemerintah yang bergerak dalam bidang pendidikan. Saat ini SD Negeri Cisarua masih memiliki kebiasaan penyampain informasi sekolah kepada masyarakat dengan menggunakan cara konvensional. Sehingga menjadi kendala untuk masyarakat untuk mendapatkan sebuah informasi harus mendatangi lokasi SD Negeri Cisarua. Pada penelitian ini penulis membuat layanan sistem informasi sekolah berbasis website menggunakan metode Extreme Programing (XP) yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan pemberian informasi secara akurat dan terpercaya kepada masyarkat. Dalam pengembangan sistem informasi sekolah berbasis website terdapat. beberapa. pendekatan. Atau metode. yang digunakan, dalam. penelitian. ini. metode. yang. digunakan. adalah. Extreme. Programming. (XP) untuk membangun website sekolah. Extreme programming (XP) merupakan sebuah proses rekayasa perangkat lunak yang cenderung menggunakan pendekatan berorientasi objek dan sasaran dari metode ini adalah tim yang dibentuk dalam skala kecil sampai medium serta metode ini juga sesuai jika tim dihadapkan dengan requirement yang tidak jelas maupun terjadi perubahan-perubahan requirement yang sangat cepat. Hasil penelitian ini berupa sistem informasi sekolah berbasis website yang dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait sekolah.
ANALISIS PORTABILITAS INSTRUMEN PENGUKURAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK (SPBE
Authors: Meylia Susiana Dewi Putri  , Rudy A.G. Gultom  , Achmad Farid Wadjidi
Published: February 2023

Portabilitas instrumen merupakan bagian penting yang digunakan untuk menilai apakah suatu model atau sistem pengukuran mudah diimplementasikan dan pada akhirnya berkaitan juga dengan efektifitas dan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya dalam penggunaannya. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan yaitu untuk menganalisis portabilitas dari instrumen pengukuran digital SPBE. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan bantuan software XLSTAT. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 analisis, yaitu analisis kemudahan baca dan analisis outlier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen SPBE tidak portabel yang didukung dengan hasil outlier 50,2% dan skor kemudahan baca 19,59.
Cartografía del aguacate en Michoacán con imágenes Sentinel-2 y una metodología mixta
Authors: España Boquera María Luisa , Castro Bleda María José , España Boquera Salvador
Published: February 2023

El aguacate es un superalimento de moda, muy rentable. México es el primer productor mundial y Michoacán el primero nacional. El objetivo fue cartografiar el cultivo del aguacate en Michoacán con imágenes Sentinel-2 e identificar las principales coberturas. El área de estudio se dividió en tres zonas (Tancítaro, Pátzcuaro y Zitácuaro) y para cada una se descargaron cinco imágenes Sentinel-2 (Copernicus) (2019-2020). Se realizó un preprocesamiento para concentrar la información de cada zona en una imagen de 12 bandas. Se identificaron en Google Earth parcelas de aguacate y de bosque. Se aplicó un algoritmo de clasificación no supervisada k-meansde 50 clases, de las cuales se identificó el aguacate y las coberturas: bosque, vegetación secundaria, selva, agricultura, suelo, zona urbana o agua. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de aciertos del 89.58 % en aguacate y 92.12 % en bosque. En total se identificaron 149 729 ha de aguacate. El mapa obtenido se comparó con la Serie VI de INEGI, en la que las huertas son clasificadas como agricultura de temporal; los bosques coinciden en más del 70 %, el suelo reúne coberturas estacionales y existe confusión en la discriminación de otros tipos de vegetación.
Analisis Metode Pembelajaran Musik Pada Pelatihan Band di GPdI Genesaret Manado
Authors: Maningkas Gilbert , Sianturi Erwin
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengungkapkan Analisis Metode Pembelajaran Musik Pada Pelatihan Band di GPdI Genesaret Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data observasi dan juga wawancara yang dilaksanakan di gereja GPdI Genesaret Manado pada tahun 2021. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara diperoleh bahwa gereja GPdI Genesaret menggunakan metode pembelajaran dalam kegiatan proses latihan band, dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode demonstrasi dan juga metode konvensional yang mengarah kepada metode pendidikan musik Suzuki. Dari hasil temuan data tersebut direkomendasikan bahwa pembelajaran melalui metode berguna dan nyatanya berguna dalam peningkatan kualitas bermusik di gereja. Tetapi dengan tidak hanya berfokus ke dalam tahap dasar teori maka akan terjadi suatu peningkatan di dalam pelayanan gereja tersebut.
PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS EKSISTENSIALISME JEAN PAUL SARTRE SEBAGAI GERBANG KEBEBASAN PEREMPUAN
Authors: Rende Regina Putri
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keresahan akan realitas diskriminasi, marginalisasi, pelecehan dan kekerasan seksual yang terus saja dialami kaum perempuan hingga kini akibat konstruksi yang salah di tengah masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran penddikan berbasis eksistensialisme Jean Paul Sartre sebagai sarana pembebasan bagi para perempuan terlebih khusus para pemudi korban kekerasan seksual di GMIM Betlehem Maruasei dan GMIM Galilea Malalayang. Dibantu dengan analisis makna teks 2 Samuel 13:1-22 dalam kajian hermeneutik naratif perspektif feminis untuk mendorong para perempuan agar berani bersuara dan menata kembali kehidupannya. Serta menganalisis upaya-upaya yang telah dilakukan untuk membebaskan para korban kekerasan seksual tersebut. 

 Dari hasil paparan data, temuan dan pembahasan maka diperlukan kesadaran dari gereja, orang tua, pemerintah/masyarakat, dan para perempuan itu sendiri untuk mengerti bahwa setiap perempuan berhak untuk bebas dari segala konstruksi sosial yang mendatangkan penderitaan, diksriminasi dan kekerasan dalam kehidupan para perempuan.
Motivasi Belajar Siswa SD di Kota Bitung dalam Pembelajaran Daring di Tengah Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Waney Mercy
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan motivasi belajar siswa SD di kota Bitung, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan upaya perbaikan. Itu adalah studi kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive homogen. Informan harus telah memenuhi persyaratan berikut; seorang guru atau siswa yang tinggal di Bitung, menguasai internet dan akrab dengan perangkat yang digunakan dan memiliki jaringan internet yang baik. Terungkap bahwa motivasi siswa untuk belajar rendah karena lemahnya kinerja guru dalam hal ini karena tidak kreatif, tidak sabar dan tidak mendukung. Untuk membantu guru mengatasi masalah ini, ada enam strategi yang harus diterapkan untuk meningkatkan motivasi siswa, yaitu, mengajar siswa bagaimana membuat keputusan, menuntun mereka untuk menikmati proses pembelajaran, mengembangkan efikasi diri siswa, membimbing mereka untuk menjauh dari penundaan, membantu siswa untuk mengatasi sifat perfeksionis mereka, dan untuk mendekatkan siswa yang tidak tertarik dan terasing.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VISUAL GAMBAR DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Banamtuan Maglon Ferdinand , Tandjung Ferofianes Linda
Published: February 2023

Tujuan yang dicapai adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media visual gambar dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan agama kristen. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Metode ini didasarkan pada cara berpikir dengan menggunakan pendekatan filsafat postpositivisme yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah.

Maka hasil yang diperoleh adalah perubahan hasil belajar siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran pendidikan agama kristen di kelas, ternyata seluruh siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Inpres Soliu ternyata penggunaan media visual gambar sangat efektif dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Keefektifan penggunaan media visual gambar ini terletak pada beberapa komponen penting yaitu: 1). Bentuk gambar yakni dalam mendesain gambar bentuk gambar yang dipakai oleh guru harus sesuai dengan materi pelajaran yang diajarkan; 2). Ukuran gambar yakni ukuran gambar yang digunakan oleh guru harus mampu untuk menjangkau seluruh peserta didik yakni besar sehingga dapat dilihat oleh peserta didik; serta 3). Kemenarikan atau daya tarik yakni desain media visual gambar dari modelnya, pewarnaan harus benar dan menarik minat serta perhatian siswa. Sehingga dengan Seluruh siswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dapat aktif
PENGARUH POLA ASUH ORANG TUA TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Moroki Imriani
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa di Manado Sulawesi Utara. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 135 orang mahasiswa yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling dari 2 kampus di Manado yaitu IAKN Manado dan Politeknik Negeri Manado. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode asosiatif kausal. Data diolah dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 26 for windows. Dari hasil pengolahan data diperoleh 29 butir instrument yang valid dan reliabel dan 1 butir instrument yang tidak valid.  Berdasarkan kuesioner yang disebarkan pada 135 orang mahasiswa di kota Manado diperoleh skor rata-rata dan tingkat pencapaian jawaban responden (TCR) yaitu distribusi frekuensi variabel pola asuh otoriter tergolong pada kriteria cukup, variabel pola asuh demokratif pada kriteria sangat kuat, dan variabel pola asuh permisif pada kriteria kuat. Artinya, pola asuh demokratif menjadi perhatian yang baik dan memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa di Manado. Selain itu diperoleh hasil pengkategorian pola asuh orang tua pada 135 responden. 57 responden mengalami pola asuh otoriter atau sebesar 42,2%, sedangkan yang tertinggi adalah pola asuh demokratif yang dialami oleh 78 responden atau 57,8%. Dalam penelitian ini, tidak ditemukan pola asuh permisif yang dialami oleh responden. Selain itu dilakukan uji korelasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keeratan hubungan antara variabel yang dinyatakan dengan koefisien korelasi. Diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,000 < 0,05, yang artinya bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan prestasi belajar mahasiswa dan kedua variabel memiliki hubungan yang kuat. Untuk analisis regresi linear sederhana diperoleh persamaan  yang memberikan interpretasi bahwa konstanta sebesar -1,460 menunjukkan rata-rata prestasi belajar jika tidak ada pola asuh orang tua. Sedangkan untuk koefisien regresi sebesar 0,318, menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar akan meningkat sebesar 0,318 satuan untuk setiap tambahan satu satuan pada variabel pola asuh orang tua. Jadi apabila pola asuh orang tua mengalami peningkatan  satu satuan, maka prestasi belajar mahasiswa akan meningkat sebesar 1,46 satuan. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa variabel pola asuh orang tua berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa. Selain itu, penerapan jenis pola asuh yang tepat akan menghasilkan prestasi dan hasil belajar yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh prestasi anak dalam hal ini dinilai dari nilai IPK responden memiliki hasil yang tinggi dengan jenis pola asuh yang mereka terima adalah jenis pola asuh demokratis.
Gambaran Manajemen Organisasi Komisi Pelayanan Remaja Pada Pesta Seni dan Kreatifitas Remaja di Jemaat GMIM Eben Haezer Bumi Beringin
Authors: Melissa M.F Waturandang  , Aljuanika Ertamaya Ering
Published: February 2023

Manajemen organisasi pelayanan remaja mempunyai manfaat yang besar terhadap perkembangan agama dan iman seseorang. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu:  1). Mendeskripsikan bagaimana manajemen organisasi komisi pelayanan remaja dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM  2). Untuk mendeskripsikan hambatan yang   dialami oleh komisi pelayanan remaja dalam mengelola kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM ? 3). Untuk mendeskripsikan upaya manajemen organisasi apa yang dilakukan oleh komisi pelayanan remaja dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM? Data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan melalui wawancara dan observasi pada komisi dan remaja di GMIM Eben Haezer Bumi Beringin. Manajemen organisasi komisi pelayanan remaja dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM adalah sebagai tempat untuk mendapatkan pengalaman baru dalam melayani, sebagai tempat untuk belajar melayani melalui pemberian dirinya dalam setiap kegiatan remaja, melatih remaja untuk lebih disiplin dalam mengatur waktu, untuk mengembangkan setiap minat, bakat dan talenta. Terhambatnya manajemen organisasi komisi pelayanan remaja dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM disebabkan oleh padatnya tugas sekolah, kurangnya dukungan orangtua dan kebutuhan dana yang besar. Upaya manajemen organisasi komisi pelayanan remaja dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM adalah dengan memanfaatkan waktu sebaik mungkin, secara displin hadir tepat waktu dalam latihan, dan membentuk panitia untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan dana. Untuk itu, keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan pesta seni dan kreatifitas remaja sinode GMIM remaja harus tetap dilaksanakan dan diikuti oleh remaja.
Pembentukan Moral dan Spiritualitas Berbasis Pusat Pengembangan Anak (PPA)
Authors: Weol Wolter , Ering Aljuanika , Kaligis Novelia , Mahardhika Satria
Published: February 2023

This study was to determine, describe and analyze the formation of moral and spirituality based on the "Kuria" child development center in adolescents in Poopoh Village, Tombariri District, Kab. Minahasa. This study uses a qualitative (descriptive) approach which was carried out at PPA “Kuria” Poopoh 2021. The data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation have been analyzed and resulted that (1) the formation of morals and spirituality in adolescents has been maximized with the existence of several programs such as retreats, discipleship, bible camp, recording, memorizing verses and other programs; (2) These programs are carried out by following the schedule determined by the staff, usually 2 meetings a week and for other programs carried out during holidays; (3) The existence of supporting factors, namely cooperation between mentors, staff and parents in supporting the program to run well; (4) As well as the existence of inhibiting factors from within teenagers who have been affected by technological sophistication such as online games and the environment; (5) The efforts made were very good, namely by approaching and trying to be friends with the children. From the data findings and research results, it is recommended for staff and mentors as well as parents to continue to control the association of children and provide coaching and more creative programs to attract children's attention in activities.
Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dalam Keluarga: Pengembangan Nilai Mealtable Sharing Terhadap Keharmonisan Hubungan Kasih Antara Orang Tua dan Anak Di Jemaat Gmim Bukit Sion Mapanget
Authors: Roringpandey Farly Rolando , Kaunang Netanel , Selanno Semuel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the development of the values ​​contained in Mealtable Sharing related to the value of harmony in the family, the process of developing the value of mealtable sharing in the GMIM Bukit Sion Mapanget Congregation in relation to the harmonious relationship of love between parents and children, Inhibiting factors in the process of developing the Value of Mealtable Sharing on the Harmony of Love Relationships between Parents and Children in the GMIM Bukit Sion Mapanget Congregation, and the efforts made by parents and Church leaders in overcoming the inhibiting factors related to the development of the Value of Mealtable Sharing on Harmony The Relationship of Love between Parents and Children in the GMIM Bukit Zion Mapanget Congregation. This research method is a descriptive qualitative research conducted at the GMIM Bukit Sion Mapanget Congregation. Data were collected through observation, interviews and documentation studies. From the results of the analysis and interpretation of the data obtained that: (1). Eating together and talking together "mealtable sharing" is often done by families in which there is an atmosphere to give love to each other, is a place for teaching and educating children, can strengthen harmonious relations between parents and children and can improve children's development. The values ​​found when sitting down to eat together include togetherness, respect, harmony, gratitude for the blessings that God has given so as to create a harmonious loving relationship between parents and children. (2). The inhibiting factors are the lack of parental time due to busy work and the distance that separates them, the child's lack of trust in parents, and the presence of technological developments that limit the interaction between parents and children. (3). There is also the role of parents by providing time from a lot of busy work, creating a comfortable atmosphere and teaching about wisdom in using cellphones. (4). There is also the role of Church leaders through preaching and pastoral services to be able to direct the understanding of parents to be examples and role models, take advantage of technological sophistication, introspect themselves, and rebuild trust with children. From the results of data exposure, findings, and discussion, it is necessary for parents and families to understand the importance of sitting down to eat and talk together at the dining table so that they can strengthen the harmonious loving relationship between parents and children.
Belimumab (Benlysta)
Authors: CADTH
Published: February 2023

CADTH recommends that Benlysta be reimbursed by public drug plans in addition to standard therapy for treatment of active lupus nephritis (LN) in adult patients.

Benlysta should only be covered to treat adult patients with class III or IV, with or without class V, or pure class V active LN and who have started standard induction therapy within the previous 60 days. Benlysta should not be covered to treat patients who previously failed induction therapies or patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Benlysta should only be reimbursed if prescribed by either a rheumatologist or nephrologist with experience managing LN and if the cost of Benlysta is reduced.
Estimation of raindrop size distribution and rain rate with infrared surveillance camera in dark conditions
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Byun Jongyun , Baik Jongjin , Jun Changhyun , Kim Hyeon-Joon
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This study estimated raindrop size distribution (DSD) and
rainfall intensity with an infrared surveillance camera in dark conditions. Accordingly, rain streaks were extracted using a k-nearest-neighbor (KNN)-based algorithm. The rainfall intensity was estimated using DSD based on a physical optics analysis. The estimated DSD was verified using a disdrometer for the two rainfall events. The results are summarized as follows. First, a KNN-based algorithm can accurately recognize rain streaks from complex backgrounds captured by the camera. Second, the number concentration of raindrops obtained through closed-circuit television (CCTV) images had values between 100 and 1000 mm−1 m−3, and the root mean square error (RMSE) for the number concentration by CCTV and PARticle SIze and VELocity (PARSIVEL) was 72.3 and 131.6 mm−1 m−3 in the 0.5 to 1.5 mm section. Third, the maximum raindrop diameter and the number concentration of 1 mm or less produced similar results during the period with a high ratio of diameters of 3 mm or less. Finally, after comparing with the 15 min cumulative PARSIVEL rain rate, the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was 49 % and 23 %, respectively. In addition, the differences according to rain rate are that the MAPE was 36 % at a rain rate of less than 2 mm h−1 and 80 % at a rate above 2 mm h−1. Also, when the rain rate was greater than 5 mm h−1, MAPE was 33 %. We confirmed the possibility of estimating an image-based DSD and rain rate obtained based on low-cost equipment during dark conditions.
Modelling feedbacks between the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and climate during the last glacial cycle
Authors: Scherrenberg Meike D. W. , Berends Constantijn J. , Stap Lennert B. , van de Wal Roderik S. W.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. During the last glacial cycle (LGC), ice sheets covered large parts of Eurasia and North America, which resulted in ∼120 m of sea level change. Ice sheet–climate interactions have considerable influence on temperature and precipitation patterns and therefore need to be included when simulating this time period. Ideally, ice sheet–climate interactions are simulated by a high-resolution Earth system model. While these models are capable of simulating climates at a certain point in time, such as the pre-industrial (PI) or the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 000 years ago), a full transient glacial cycle is currently computationally unfeasible as it requires a too-large amount of computation time. Nevertheless, ice sheet models require forcing that captures the gradual change in climate over time to calculate the accumulation and melt of ice and its effect on ice sheet extent and volume changes. Here we simulate the LGC using an ice sheet model forced by LGM and PI climates. The gradual change in climate is modelled by transiently
interpolating between pre-calculated results from a climate model for the
LGM and the PI. To assess the influence of ice sheet–climate interactions, we use two different interpolation methods: the climate matrix method, which includes a temperature–albedo and precipitation–topography feedback, and the glacial index method, which does not. To investigate the sensitivity of the results to the prescribed climate forcing, we use the output of several models that are part of the Paleoclimate Modelling
Intercomparison Project Phase III (PMIP3). In these simulations, ice volume
is prescribed, and the climate is reconstructed with a general circulation
model (GCM). Here we test those models by using their climate to drive an
ice sheet model over the LGC. We find that the ice volume differences caused by the climate forcing exceed
the differences caused by the interpolation method. Some GCMs produced
unrealistic LGM volumes, and only four resulted in reasonable ice sheets, with
LGM Northern Hemisphere sea level contribution ranging between 74–113 m with respect to the present day. The glacial index and climate matrix methods result in similar ice volumes at the LGM but yield a different ice
evolution with different ice domes during the inception phase of the glacial
cycle and different sea level rates during the deglaciation phase. The
temperature–albedo feedback is the main cause of differences between the
glacial index and climate matrix methods.
Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity
Authors: Kivi Iman R. , Boyet Auregan , Wu Haiqing , Walter Linus , Hanson-Hedgecock Sara , Parisio Francesco , Vilarrasa Victor
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Fluid injection into geological formations for energy resource development frequently induces (micro)seismicity. If intensely shaking the ground, induced earthquakes may cause injuries and/or economic loss, with the consequence of jeopardizing the operation and future development of these geoenergy projects. To achieve an improved understanding of the causes of induced seismicity, develop forecasting tools, and manage the associated risks, a careful examination of seismic data from reported cases of induced seismicity and the parameters controlling them is necessary. However, these data are hardly gathered together and are time-consuming to collate as they come from different disciplines and sources. Here, we present a publicly available, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity (Kivi et al., 2022a; https://doi.org/10.20350/digitalCSIC/14813), sourced from an extensive review of published documents. Currently, it contains 158 datasets of induced seismicity driven by various subsurface energy-related applications worldwide. Each dataset covers a wide range of variables, delineating general site information, host rock properties, in situ geologic and tectonic conditions, fault characteristics, conducted field operations, and recorded seismic activities. We publish the database in flat-file formats (i.e., .xls and .csv tables) to facilitate its dissemination and utilization by geoscientists while keeping it ‎‎directly readable by computer codes for convenient data manipulation. The multi-disciplinary content of this database adds unique value to databases focusing only on seismicity data. In particular, the collected data aims at facilitating the understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence of induced earthquakes, the diagnosing of potential triggering mechanisms, and the developing of scaling relations of maximum possible earthquake magnitudes and operational parameters. Conclusively, the database will boost research in seismic hazard forecasting and mitigation, paving the way for increasing contributions of geoenergy resources to meeting net-zero carbon emissions.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE CHLOROPHYLL INDEX TO RETRIEVE CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATIONS IN MANILA BAY
Authors: Manuel A. , Blanco A. C.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Manila Bay is one of the most significant harbors in the region, enabling commerce and trade between the Philippines and other countries. Its abundant natural resources have provided for generations of its inhabitants and have driven socio-economic development for centuries. Like other water bodies adjacent to highly urbanized cities, the increased organic and nutrient loading from untreated domestic, industrial, and agricultural wastes resulted to further degradation of its water quality. While frequent water quality monitoring is ideal, data from traditional field sampling methods might not be sufficient to assess the spatial and temporal variations of water quality in Manila Bay. Remote sensing fills the need for a frequent and full overview of the bay’s water quality. Sentinel-3 images were initially processed through the Case 2 Regional CoastColour (C2RCC) model to retrieve the remote sensing reflectance. The Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) was computed for the images and were modeled against the C2RCC-derived chlorophyll-a estimates. From this, we were able to get a general equation (TNDCI – transformed NDCI) to retrieve chlorophyll-a concentrations from two reflectance bands (Oa8 and Oa11). TNDCI gave an R2 of 0.9 and RMSE = 5.12 µg/L as compared to C2RCC values, and an R2 = 0.85 and RMSE = 2.44 µg/L with field data.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MANILA BAY USING OPTICAL WATER TYPE AND WATER QUALITY MAPPING USING SENTINEL-3 OLCI IMAGES
Authors: Medina J. M. , Jalbuena R. L. , Torres R. A. B. , Blanco A. C.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Optical water type (OWT) classification provides a way to delineate surface waters according to spectral properties caused by optically active constituents. This classification is useful in mapping out spatial variability and describing changes in water quality over time as it uses inherent optical properties to discriminate areas of a water body. We used Sentinel-3 OLCI images from July 2017 to December 2020 to classify OWT in Manila Bay and to generate chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter (TSM) concentration layers using C2RCC algorithm. Nine coastal OWT classes for Manila Bay having consistent presence and spatial distribution seasonally were identified. The most dominant class, OWT 6, (3.50 µg/cm3 chlorophyll-a; 4.93 g/m3 TSM) was concentrated around the central area of the bay, covering as much as 79% of it. Chlorophyll-a and TSM concentrations were higher in the nearshore areas and were decreasing offshore. The class with the second highest concentrations, OWT 7, (9.11 µg/cm3 chlorophyll-a; 26.80 g/m3 TSM) were found near river outlets, where high nutrient and sediment loadings coming from the watershed enter the bay. Lowest concentrations (0.26–0.70 µg/cm3 chlorophyll-a; 0.64–1.10 g/m3 TSM) were found in OWT 1, OWT 2, and OWT 3, all located farthest from the shore, such as the mouth of the bay leading to the open sea. Validation using in situ observations showed that C2RCC produced relatively good estimates for chlorophyll-a concentrations of up to 12 µg/cm3 (RMSE=1.71 µg/cm3). No conclusion was drawn for TSM due to insufficient data.
A REVIEW OF METHODS AND REGRESSION MODELS USING SATELLITE IMAGERIES ON PHYTOPLANKTON'S WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ESTIMATION
Authors: Muhamad H. , Mokhtar E. S. , Roslani M. A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Water quality monitoring is compulsory to maintain and preserve aquatic ecosystem health, especially for the phytoplankton community. Phytoplankton abundance relies greatly on the condition of water, it is important to assess the water quality parameter (WQP) to estimate the abundance of PP. However, obtaining WQP using conventional methods (water sampling and laboratory assessment) requires more time and cost of operation. Therefore, Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) approaches are becoming popular methods of measuring water quality parameters (turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), temperature, pH, etc). This paper aims to review the assessment of WQP in relation to PP abundance and other interchangeable factors from the recent studies and efforts on WQP assessment using geospatial technologies approaches. Methods, algorithms, and accuracies established from the GIS and RS techniques are discussed. From ten (10) extended review research articles, it is revealed that most WQP has an indirect and direct effect on human activities, seasonal changes, fish production, water pollution, and especially PP abundance. In addition, about nine (9) previous research articles revealed the use of various satellite image sensors to estimate WQP from Landsat 8 is the most common, to Landsat 7 ETM+, 5, Sentinel MSI, and the least used is RapidEye. Further research also finds that the three most common types of WQP estimated via the geospatial analysis method are turbidity, pH, and Secchi depth with the highest R2 value equal to 0.810,0.947, and 0.990 respectively.
MAPPING TRENDS OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE DURING MOVEMENT CONTROL ORDER IN INDUSTRIAL AREAS IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA USING GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OCO-2, OCO-3, AND TROPOMI SATELLITES DATA
Authors: Ng H. L. , Hashim M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The Malaysian government implemented the Movement Control Order (MCO) from March 18 to May 13, 2020, in an effort to curb the coronavirus disease outbreak that had spread throughout the nation. Utilizing data from GOSAT, GOSAT-2, OCO-2, OCO-3, and TROPOMI, the total column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide and methane (referred as XCO2 and XCH4) is employed to examine the patterns of both gases throughout the MCO as well as from the same period the prior and following year. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method is utilized in mapping the XCO2 and XCH4 for the industrial areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The results revealed that even MCO is implemented, the XCO2 and XCH4 in the industrial areas are increasing year by year. By using satellites data, the XCO2 and XCH4 from large areas can be monitored continuously.
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PRODUCTS ACCURACY ASSESSMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: Rabiu L. , Ahmad A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Digital photogrammetry is an effective way for gathering data for DEM extraction, and recent advances in recording techniques and data processing have allowed for higher resolution and faster rapid generation of photogrammetric 3D models result. The model has a spatial and spectral high-resolution advantage with good geometrical positioning accuracy. The DEM quality is the primary requirement for any application and must satisfy users’ requirement. The DEM quality is usually affected by several factors during acquisition and processing stages. Considerable researches have been conducted on several parameters influencing the DEM accuracy. The review focused on discussions on topics related to unmanned aerial vehicle DEM accuracy assessment. Five parameters were considered: UAV technology; UAV Georeferencing; UAV and computer vision; UAV and LiDAR; and UAV flight parameters. Summary of the methods, their strength, weakness and regions of the most recent articles are presented. Based on this review conclusion was drawn on the UAV DEM accuracy challenging issues that need more attention from the geospatial community and suggestions for future work are offered. But there might be other possible factors that are not treated in this paper.
INTERPRETATION OF CURRENT AND TIDAL PATTERN AT SELANGOR RIVER, KUALA SELANGOR
Authors: Sambasivam T. , Din A. H. M. , Hamden M. H. , Zulkifli N. A. , Adzmi N. H. M.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Tidal data has been used to determine long-term water level alterations. Tides are high-powered and notoriously hard to ascertain. Tidal analysis and prediction need substantial study with the requisite approaches, techniques, and tools in conjunction with weather parameters and natural calamities. TOtal TIde Solution (TOTIS) software, which is rooted in harmonic analysis, is one of the most often used software in Malaysia. This study aims to interpret the current circulation and tidal pattern at the Selangor River, Kuala Selangor, Selangor Darul Ehsan. A period of one-month data is retrieved via Valeport 740 Tide Gauge from tide gauge station, whereas the current data are retrieved via Valeport Current Meter 105, which are used to analysed. The latest updated data period for the tide gauge station utilised are based on the availability of data. Therefore, tides are predicted using 33 resolved constituents for two years, starting from January 2021 until December 2022. Tidal analysis generates tidal constituents, which are then used for tidal prediction. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and datum offset are used to evaluate software's output. It signifies that TOTIS software is trustworthy and reliable in terms of tidal analysis and prediction accuracy. The highest river current records with high speed occur during high tide phenomenon. The output data for magnitude of river current speed are derived satisfactorily with high precision. It aids in monitoring and analyse of an appropriate method to prevent or reduce additional river erosion.
USING YOLOV5 TO DETECT PLASTIC GREENHOUSES IN MOROCCO
Authors: Simou M. R. , Loulad S. , Aamir Z. , Maanan M. , Rhinane H.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Globally, Increasing greenhouse production is causing producing environmental issues. Monitoring the number and determining the locations of greenhouses are essential for the modern agricultural land management. The aim of this study was to detect plastic greenhouses using remote sensing data and the YOLOv5 CNN-based object detection algorithm. In the process, 426 images of plastic greenhouses were manually downloaded from Google and Mohammed 6 satellites and were divided into three datasets, training (63%), validation (15%), and testing (22%). Plastic greenhouse images in the training and validation sets were manually labeled, with the training set being used to train the YOLO-V5 Model. Throughout the training, the validation dataset was used to evaluate how well the network performed. According to the performance results the system reached its highest level of accuracy at epoch 71, with a relatively brief training time of 40 minutes, The model’s average precision was 84.1 percent, Using satellite images. In detecting plastic greenhouses, YOLOv5 can deliver exceptional accuracy and computational performance.
SPATIAL PREDICTION OF FLOOD IN KUALA LUMPUR CITY OF MALAYSIA USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Authors: Tella A. , Mustafa M. R. U. , Balogun A. O. , Okolie C. J. , Bello Yamusa I. , Ibrahim M. B.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Flooding is one of the most prevalent natural disasters affecting people worldwide. Flooding is a devastating natural disaster in Malaysia regarding the number of people affected, socioeconomic damage, severity, and scale of the impact. Urban flooding is currently a major concern due to the possible consequences and frequency with which it occurs in urban areas as urbanization and population increase. Due to the paved surfaces, paved roads, high population, and buildings that prevent water infiltration and movement to the nearby river, urban floods pose a significant threat to the sustainability of lives and properties in the city. The recent floods in Kuala Lumpur in December 2021 and January 2022 affected many buildings, infrastructure, and lives. As a result, this city needs to model the susceptibility of flood-prone areas for an early warning system against future flood hazards in Kuala Lumpur. This is because flooding can never be eradicated but can be minimized and managed. Therefore, this study integrates geospatial technology and a statistical model (logistic regression) to assess flood hazards in Kuala Lumpur. Ten flood conditioning factors such as altitude, slope, TWI, drainage density, distance to river, LULC, NDVI, NDWI, rainfall and MNDWI were used to predict the areas susceptible to flood. The prediction shows an overall accuracy of 0.84, precision of 0.91, recall of 0.72, and F1-score of 0.80. Distance to river, MNDWI, TWI, and LULC are the critical variables that showed high significance in the model prediction. Thus, stakeholders should prioritize urban planning and increase the drainage system to avoid flood effects.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS FOR OIL SPILLS CLUSTERING IN AHOADA COMMUNITIES OF THE NIGER DELTA REGION OF NIGERIA
Authors: Umar H. A. , Abdul Khanan M. F. , Magashi S. B. , Ja’afar M. M. , Sani M. J.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. This study uses fractal analysis to understand how oil spills are clustered at different scales in Ahoada communities of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The ArcGIS software was used in designing the hotspot map of the study area using Kernel density estimation. Results of spatial spill distribution from the Kernel density revealed that Bayelsa, Rivers, and Delta states are the hottest spots for oil spill occurrences and distribution and communities within the Rivers state including Ochebeke, Ukperede, Odieke and Akinima has been widely affected by the spills. The box counting method was employed for understanding clustering associated with oil spills in the area using ArcGIS interface. The method uses the conversion tool embedded in ArcGIS to convert oil spills points into raster. A basic analysis of this fractal plot suggest a dual fractal analysis for oil spill occurrences within the study location. This is evident by a low fractal dimension of 0.419 at distances of 1.1 km. At higher distances above 1.1 km, oil spill occurrences are characterised by a fractal dimension of 1.411. According to the fractal plot, regional and local fractal for oil spill occurrences is defined by a threshold distance of 1.2 km. At scales less than 1.2 km, oil spill occurrences exhibit a fractal dimension of 0.063 while at scales above this distance, the occurrences of oil spill are defined by a fractal of 1.249. A general analysis of fractal for both oil spill types suggests a small fractal dimension values and a more discrete scale compared to the regional scale. The relative low fractal dimension values at discrete scale suggest a high clustering of oil spill locations. This study gives a relative idea about the clustering tendency. This would enable proper remediation to be carried out in the area.
A DISTRIBUTED BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT METHOD USING ITERATIVE MOTION AVERAGING
Authors: Wu L. , Xiao T. , Li H. , Deng F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. With the wide use of UAVs in urban scenes making image acquisition easier, processing large-scale 3D reconstruction problems have become a basic need of the Structure from Motion (SfM) community. Because of high memory consumption and computation complexity, bundle adjustment (BA) is a significant bottleneck in large-scale 3D reconstruction problems. Distributed strategy is a current research direction. Recent research cut the view graph to optimize sub-scenes in small size and average common cameras and/or 3D points to align them into one in the end. Yet, those methods tried to simply average cameras and/or 3D points, which lack mathematical rigor and tend to get a sub-optimal result. This paper first cuts the view graph and expands it. Then we use the strategy of motion averaging instead of simply averaging points to obtain a robust result. Finally, refined results are achieved by optimizing reprojection errors in the overlapping area. We conduct experiments on UAV data, check the validity of graph cut and expansion, and analyze whether graph size influences the precision computation time. Visualization results show that our method preserves scenes well; precision and visualization of un-expanded scenes prove the necessity of graph expansion; statistical results also indicate the negative infect of large sub-scene size.
A CRITERION OF RADIAL DISTORTION ON STRUCTURE FROM MOTION WITH CONSUMER-GRADE CAMERAS
Authors: Xiao T. , Guo S. , Wu L. , Yan Q. , Deng F.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Images from consumer-grade cameras typically contain significant radial distortions, resulting in less accurate photogrammetry results generated using Structure from Motion (SfM). It is prone to reconstruct inaccurate scene points, becoming the so-called doming effect. The main reason is that in bundle adjustment, the last step of SfM, radial distortion is insufficiently estimated even though self-calibrating bundle adjustment was carried out. This paper designed a criterion to measure the radial distortion before SfM calculation, called Criterion on Radial Distortion (CRD). Firstly, the feature points were extracted and matched on the image; then, the image was divided into circular blocks, and the fundamental matrices were estimated by the matching points in different ring sub-blocks; finally, the difference between these fundamental matrices was used to reflect the radial distortion. Experiments on simulation data show that CRD can accurately reflect the radial distortion, which verifies its validity. Using actual UAV image data to conduct SfM experiments, CRD is consistent with the self-calibration results of Agisoft Metashape. After evaluating the accuracy of the elevation of scene points, it verifies its necessity for SfM.
ASSESSMENT OF MANGROVE EXTENT EXTRACTION ACCURACY OF THRESHOLD SEGMENTATION-BASED INDICES USING SENTINEL IMAGERY
Authors: Zablan C. D. C. , Blanco A. C. , Nadaoka K. , Martinez K. P. , Baloloy A. B.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Mangroves have been protecting coastlines, nourishing wildlife, and capturing carbon for climate regulation. The decline of mangroves calls for action to rapidly and accurately monitor them. Remote Sensing makes it possible to remotely monitor mangroves from images captured from space. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 are examples of remote sensing satellites and there is extensive research on their land cover mapping capabilities, including mangrove mapping. While machine learning is a popular methodology for mangrove mapping (e.g., the use of Random Forest) there exist simpler techniques, i.e., utilizing threshold segmentation-based indices that only use a formula and a specific threshold to extract mangrove extents from satellite imagery (mostly Sentinel imagery). This study compared the products and the accuracy of different threshold segmentation-based mangrove mapping indices in four study areas in the Philippines and one in Indonesia. Results showed that the Mangrove Vegetation Index (MVI), Automatic Mangrove Map and Index (AMMI), and the Optical and SAR images Combined Mangrove Index (OSCMI) subindex SWIRB (full name of this subindex here) were the superior indices with overall accuracies (OA) greater than 80% in all study areas and reaching a maximum of 90%, 91% and 96%, respectively. By McNemar’s test showed that their results have insignificant differences. MVI, SWIRB, and AMMI only used Sentinel-2 optical imagery, which means the addition of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery was unnecessary. Since the validation data is a product of machine-learning classification, this shows that using threshold segmentation-based indices is promising as it is simpler, faster, and requires little skill compared to using classification techniques.
MAPPING AND DETECTION OF HOTSPOT SOURCES FROM INDUSTRIAL AREA HEAT (IAH) USING AERIAL AND SATELLITE-BASED TIR DATA IN PASIR GUDANG
Authors: Zakari M. D. , Hashim M. , Hassan N.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. When assessing the state of the climate system, industrial area heat (IAH) is one of the most critical variables for energy auditing. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing techniques were used to track the surface temperature and microclimate impacts in an industrial environment by analysing in-situ data and their relationship with industrial features to characterise their impacts on human health and climate change. Based on TIR data, this study used an automatic detection method for industrial area heat (IAH). The IAH data is first retrieved, then the local abnormal high-temperature pixels are extracted using PIX4D software for UAV and split window for Landsat 8, and finally, the hotspot targets are identified using the spatial autocorrelation Moran's analysis tool available in the ArcGIS ESRI environment. The correlations (R2) between in-situ measurement and satellite-based industrial emissions at PGI were 0.85 with an RMSE of + 3.37 and 0.89 with an RMSE of + 1.42 at KSM. The detection accuracy of IAH methods is dominant. IAH accounted for 20% of the cool- and hot spots areas in the entire study area. The total cool-spots had a higher polygons per km2 (3.5 n/km2) value than the total hot-spots (0.6 n/km2) value, while LEVEL-3 and LEVEL-2 had the lowest values, while the highest values were always found in LEVEL-1, with approximately 50 % IAH variation between the previous and next level. Moving from the total average cool-spot to the total average hot-spot classes generally increased about 5 °C. Between the most extreme cool- and hot-spot levels (LEVEL-3) for PG in the overall industrial area, a mean IAH increase of approximately 34.7 °C and 58.5 °C was observed.