bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A perfect storm: COVID-19 and the reorganisation of the German meat industry
Authors: Ban Cornel , Bohle Dorothee , Naczyk Marek
Published: May 2022

An advocacy coalition of trade unions, churches and NGOs had been trying for a long time to mobilise domestic media and politicians in order to re-regulate the German meat industry. The meat industry’s low-cost business model, using employee posting and subcontracting on a massive scale, has led to extreme forms of unsafe working and poor living conditions for large numbers of Central and Eastern European workers. But it is only in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic that the German government decided to ban subcontracting, posting and temporary work in this industry. Why did COVID-19 make a difference? In an industry in which the livelihoods of local communities in Germany’s pig belt and in deprived rural parts of Romania have become structurally dependent on subcontracting, institutional change would not have happened without the pre-existing mobilisation of the above-mentioned advocacy coalition. But COVID-19 created a ‘perfect storm’ that empowered this coalition by helping reframe the meat industry issue away from a ‘narrow’ employment regulation problem into a ‘broader’ public health threat. Indeed, after becoming a virus hotspot, the meat industry was no longer just a threat to the livelihoods of its own workers, but to those of the wider local community.
Raising the awareness for insufficient oxygen delivery from self-inflating resuscitation bags lacking expiratory valve during preoxygenation
Authors: Yip Yu-Yeung , Lee Christopher Pak-To , Cheung Jonathan Chun-Hei
Published: May 2022

We recently read an interesting study which demonstrated that self-inflating resuscitation bag (SIRB) lacking expiratory valve has unreliable performance in oxygen delivery during spontaneous breathing mimicked by mechanical lung simulator. It was postulated that the absence of an expiratory valve and the resulting air entrainment via the exhaust port accounts for the poor oxygen delivery performance. The current disposable SIRB in-use in our institutions (Med-Rescuer Disposable BVM Resuscitator 4000, BLS Systems Limited, ON, Canada) has a duckbill valve but no expiratory valve. Safety concerns regarding its oxygen delivery performance during spontaneous breathing were raised, as this SIRB was commonly used to preoxygenate critically ill patient with potentially transmissible respiratory infection (e.g. COVID-19) before tracheal intubation. We therefore performed an experiment on this SIRB using one of us as a healthy volunteer. Our small experiment demonstrated that air entrainment could occur via the exhaust port and affect oxygen delivery performance. Our experiment also demonstrated that attaching a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve to the exhaust port improves the oxygen delivery performance. The findings of this experiment were sent to the relevant department of our institutions for safety consideration.
Rapid review and commentary on the clinical implications of the population mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Stephen R
Published: May 2022

Objective

To provide a rapid clinical review and commentary for psychiatrists on the population mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, including evidence-based findings and interventions.

Conclusions

Whilst there was evidence of collective psychological resilience during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, younger women, carers for those with COVID-19, and those with more household chores, childcare needs and higher economic strain, were at more risk. Interventions should therefore target people with these socio-demographic risk factors, as well as severe COVID-19 survivors, their relatives and frontline workers. However, the rapid spread of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant has the potential for greater impacts on population mental health. Innovations in telehealth and online therapy should be incorporated into standard care. Ongoing research is needed to assess who remains most vulnerable to negative mental health impacts of the current pandemic, and especially the longer term outcomes of mental ill health. Further research should also investigate evidence-based approaches to resilience and well-being. Prospective risk/benefit analyses of infection control measures, economic effects and mental health consequences are needed.
Evaluating Ventures Fast and Slow: Sensemaking, Intuition, and Deliberation in Entrepreneurial Resource Provision Decisions
Authors: Fisher Greg , Neubert Emily
Published: May 2022

We examine the decision process of individuals evaluating whether to support an entrepreneurial endeavor. Such decisions are made by individuals under conditions of ambiguity and equivocality. Therefore, it is nearly impossible for resource providers to adopt a purely rational evaluative process in assessing a venture. Building on insights from sensemaking and social and cognitive psychology, we elaborate a theoretical model combining sensemaking, intuition, and deliberation to account for how entrepreneurial support decisions are made. The model reflects individual and social factors that impact this decision process and provides a basis for understanding entrepreneurial support decisions across diverse actors and contexts.
The Role of Stereotype Threat, Anxiety, and Emotional Intelligence in Women’s Opportunity Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhou Xiaohu , Nielsen Mette Søgaard , Klyver Kim
Published: May 2022

Masculine stereotypes of entrepreneurship represent a threat to women. We aim to understand how such stereotype threat affects women’s opportunity evaluation through anxiety. We test our idea using a two-randomized-experiment strategy and achieve external validity using a survey of female entrepreneurs. We find that situational anxiety, as an emotional mechanism, explains why stereotype threat negatively influences opportunity evaluation among women. We further unveil emotional intelligence as a boundary condition enabling women to cope with stereotype threat during opportunity evaluation. Our studies provide new insights into an emotive view of stereotype threat in the context of women’s entrepreneurship.
COVID-19 in the Airline Industry: The Good, the Bad, and the Necessary
Authors: Anderson Judith
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected flight attendants’ health, safety, and security. Members of this group work in a densely occupied and enclosed space where social distancing is virtually impossible, compliance with mask rules is uneven, aggressive passenger incidents are at an all-time high, and the vaccination status of passengers on domestic flights is unknown. Here is a description of the response by the federal government and the United States (U.S.) airline industry from the perspective of a flight attendant union between the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic and this writing. Specifically, the issues of ventilation, face masks, aggressive passengers, quarantine and isolation, and vaccinations are reviewed, including actions taken by the executive branch of the U.S. government, regulators, airlines, manufacturers, and our crew member union. Although there will be regional differences around the globe, many of these issues are universal.
Research to Consider while Effectively Re-Designing Child Welfare Services: A Response to Commentaries
Authors: Berrick Jill Duerr , Drake Brett , Barth Richard P. , Garcia Antonio R. , Jonson-Reid Melissa , Gyourko John R. , Greeson Johanna K. P.
Published: May 2022

Barth et al. (2021) published an article in this journal identifying ten topics in the field of child welfare that are frequently discussed among professionals, advocates, and researchers in an effort to shape discussions of practice and policy reform. Concerned that these discussions are often poorly informed by the research evidence, Barth et al. intended to offer a corrective to these common, erroneous narratives. The Editor-in-Chief, Bruce Thyer, asked for suggestions for commentators and then invited some number of respondents to offer their perspectives on the original article. Here, we respond to each of the submitted papers, highlighting areas of agreement, and addressing other topics where we—sometimes sharply—disagree. We welcome an ongoing, fact-based, respectful dialogue to help shape child welfare reform. Efforts to improve the child welfare system are urgently needed; we stand by our view that large-scale practice and policy reform, in particular, must be guided by the best available research evidence.
Psychometric Properties of a European French Version of the PTGI
Authors: Henson Charlotte , Truchot Didier , Canevello Amy , Andela Marie
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To validate a European French translation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI).

Methods

This study examined the factorial and the convergent validity of the French version of the PTGI (PTGI-F). A first sample of 406 firefighters was used to test the psychometric structure of the PTGI. A second sample of 210 first responders was then used to test its convergent validity. Participants completed measures of growth, traumatic events, PTSD, anxiety and depression, and personality.

Results

The PTGI-F was unrelated to Anxiety, supporting the convergent validity of the PTGI-F. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the PTGI-F and the PCL-C. Finally, the PTGI-F had the same five-factor structure as the PTGI.

Discussion

The PTGI-F appears to be a valid tool. However, the contradictions that were put froward by other translated versions suggest that the PTGI should be reconsidered and improved to better assess the growth process.
A Retrospective Study Analyzing a Palliative Care-Hospital Medicine Collaboration to Improve Quality of Care of Patients With Advanced Illness
Authors: Anandan Samuel , Reyes Andre , Izard Stephanie , Magalee Christopher J. , Lopez Santiago
Published: May 2022

Background

Palliative care seeks to improve outcomes for patients with advanced illness (AI). Advocacy exists for making it part of mainstream care for hospitalized patients with AI.

Aim

To determine if a partnership between hospital-medicine and specialized palliative care would increase identification of AI patients with palliative care needs requiring palliative consultation. Secondary outcomes: Decreasing 30-day readmission, length of stay (LOS) and pain scores, increasing documentation reflecting goals and advanced care planning.

Design

Retrospective chart review of patients with AI admitted to a hospitalist-resident run unit divided into Care Models, “A” and “B,” and analyzed over two ten-month periods, “1” and “2.” Triggers for palliative needs were provided for “A.” During biweekly rounding, needs were assessed and generalist vs. specialist level palliative care concepts were used for consultation.

Setting

Quaternary-level teaching center in the New York Metropolitan area.

Patients

3,395 AI patients were analyzed, 1,707 from “1,” and 1,688 from “2.”

Results

Comparing care models and time frames, palliative care consultation increased in “A” ( P-value = .0013, P-value = .0005). When investigating “A” in “1” to “2,” CMI was higher. Comparing “B” between “1” and “2,” found older age and lower LACE. When adjusting for confounders (LACE and CMI), our models did not show a difference. Data on discharge disposition was significant for subacute rehab but not for mortality. There were no differences between care models and time-periods for secondary outcomes.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the demand for palliative care services integrated into hospital medicine and highlighted areas of focus for future studies.
Palliative Care in Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Velasco Yanez Romel , Frota Goyanna Natália , Carvalho Fernandes Ana , Moura Barbosa Castro Régia , Holanda da Cunha Gilmara , Silva Ferreira Iarlla , Miranda Mattos Samuel , Magalhães Moreira Thereza
Published: May 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the provision of palliative care (PC) services for women with breast cancer due to all the restrictions that came along with the virus.

Objective:

To map the available evidence on the situation of PC in breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A scoping review was carried out based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in nine databases, one electronic repository, and one library, using controlled vocabularies.

Results:

Twenty-nine articles and seven documents were included. The majority (11.4% each) were published in the United Kingdom, Italy, and the United States, 38.9% addressed palliative radiotherapy (RT), and 47.2% consisted of recommendations. From the content analysis, five categories were obtained focused on the recommendations on changes in palliative treatment guidelines and the response of PC teams to the evolving crisis.

Conclusions:

The evidence pointed to the management of general PC, palliative RT, palliative chemotherapy, management of metastatic breast cancer, and use of technologies in palliative care. No recommendations were found to manage frequent symptoms in PC, indicating the need to develop primary studies that investigate these aspects in detail in this vulnerable group.

Implications:

The results contained in this document can provide professionals working in this field of care with a global view of how other teams have dealt with the pandemic, thereby identifying the best guidelines to apply in their reality, taking into account the clinical and social situation of each patient.
Assessing the Effect of a Hospice and Palliative Medicine Curriculum on Emergency Medicine Residents’ Knowledge
Authors: Nguyen David , Matese Thomas
Published: May 2022

Background: In the average Emergency Medicine (EM) residency program there is little formal Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) training, despite these skills used frequency in the Emergency Department (ED) setting, from symptomatic management to end of life communications. Objective: This research project aims to determine if a Free Open Access Medical Education based HPM curriculum will improve knowledge and comfort level of end-of-life care in EM residents within the ED. The curriculum consisted of an in-person lecture series along with self-directed learning through online modules covering a variety of foundational topics. Methods: A 10-point Likert-scale pre- and post-intervention self-survey, assessing HPM comfort level and foundation/knowledge base and skills, was administered to the residents. Results: 16/18 residents (89%) responded to the pre-intervention survey and 13/18 residents (72%) answered the post-intervention survey. There was a statistically significant increase of the residents’ understanding of the difference between hospice and palliative care (pre-intervention mean of 4.44, post-intervention mean of 7.69, P = .004), as well as their perspective of how often they consult those services for patients they see in the ED (pre-intervention mean of 2.19, post-intervention mean of 3.92, P = .02) and their overall understanding of the foundations of this field (pre-intervention mean of 4.19, post-intervention mean of 7.23, P = .0002). Conclusion: The curriculum increased the EM residents’ understanding of the foundations of the HPM field, their fundamental knowledge of the differences between the 2 disciplines, and the frequency of how often they consult these specialties in the ED.
Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients With End-Stage Oral Cancer
Authors: Momokita Moeko , Abe Atsushi , Shibata Kanae , Hayashi Hiroki , Furuta Hiroshi , Taniguchi Shinichi , Nakayama Atsushi
Published: May 2022

Purpose

As the incidence of oral cancers is on the rise, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) as a predictor of survival in patients with terminal oral cancer.

Methods

We evaluated the association between laboratory and PNI values and survival days in 33 patients who died of oral cancer between 2004 and 2019 ,excluding 4 patients who underwent gastric banding out of 39with gastric banding. The observation period was from the date of palliative care recommendation to the date of death.

Results

A significant difference was observed between the PNI values recorded 3 months before death and those recorded 1 month before death (37.99 ± 6.50 vs 28.86 ± 6.01; P<.05). The median PNI value was associated with the timing of supportive care start and survival (days).

Conclusion

This study revealed that PNI values decreased toward the end of life and correlated with survival (days), independent of patient characteristics. These findings suggest that the PNI may be useful in the prognostication of end-stage oral cancer.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Estimate Risk of Cesarean After Induction of Labor in Term Pregnancies with an Unfavorable Cervix in Iran
Authors: Hemmatzadeh Shahla , Abbasalizadeh Fatemeh , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to develop and validate a labor induction nomogram for nulliparous and multiparous women who were 38 weeks pregnant or more and had their labor induced by an unfavorable cervix. This prospective study was conducted on 300 individuals (200 for nomogram development and 100 for nomogram validation). Height, body mass index at delivery, parity, gestational age, adjusted bishop score, and cesarean section risk assessment were all recorded on a checklist. Participants were followed until they gave birth, and the type of delivery was noted in the checklist. Out of 300 labor inductions, 80 (26.7%) underwent a cesarean section. Cesarean risk estimation was the only predictor of delivery type based on multivariate logistic regression. The AUC (Area Under the Curve) in development group was 0.68 and in validation group was 0.71. The developed nomogram for predicting of cesarean section risk following labor induction has a relatively good predictive value among women.
Factors Related to the Caregiving Burden on Families of Korean Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Park Soo Kyung
Published: May 2022

The purposes of this study were to describe caregiver burden on families of patients with lung cancer and to examine its associated factors, including patient symptoms and symptom clusters. In this cross-sectional study, 120 patient-caregiver dyads were recruited from an outpatient clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Patient symptoms and caregiver burden were measured with structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Three patient symptom clusters were identified. Hierarchical regression showed that a patient’s smoking history; caregiver age, education, health status, depression, social support, monthly family income, relationship with patient, and time spent on nursing each day; and presence of another caregiver explained 41.4% of the total variance in caregiver burden. When patient symptom clusters were added to regression model, change in total variance in caregiver burden was significant. To reduce their burden, caregivers should be taught how cancer progresses and its major symptoms after chemotherapy.
LeFort III/I for Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Muller John N. , Shetye Pradip R. , Flores Roberto L.
Published: May 2022

This case presents a facially mature patient with Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) who presented with severe class III malocclusion. Computed tomography imaging revealed an anterior crossbite of 19 mm and a narrow pharyngeal airway at the level of the tongue base precluding mandibular setback surgery. The patient was indicated for a LeFort III combined with a LeFort I advancement, each of 10 mm, for a 20 mm combined advancement. Stable, functional occlusion was achieved without airway compromise. This novel use of the combined LeFort III/I can restore stable class I occlusion in patients with BWS at risk for tongue base airway compromise.
The Mediating Role of Positivity in the Relationship Between Loneliness at Work and Organizational Identity in School Counselors
Authors: Boyaci Mehmet , Tabak Hasan
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study is to examine the mediator role of positivity in the relationship between loneliness at work and organizational identity in school counselors. The research group consists of 304 school counselors from preschool to high school at the time of the study. A personal information form, developed by researchers, along with a Positivity Scale, Loneliness at Work Scale, and Organizational Identity Perception Scale were administered to collect data. Mediation analysis revealed that positivity was a partial mediator in the relationship between loneliness at work and organizational identity in school counselors.
Outcomes of a Undiluted, One-Bag Desensitization Protocol for Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Iglesias-Santamaría Araceli , Castellano Copa Paloma
Published: May 2022

Background

Hypersensitive reactions (HSRs) often require that the provoking medication be discontinued but chemotherapeutic drugs are often essential for the treatment of the disease. Rapid drug desensitization is a procedure that induces temporary tolerance to the drug allowing continuation of treatment in patients who have presented HSRs. Most of the desensitization protocols use 3 bags with sequential dilutions of the drug, which are infused in gradual steps. However, it has not been sufficiently investigated whether dilution is essential for successful desensitization.

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new one-bag desensitization protocol which uses a single solution of 1 mg/mL throughout the procedure allowing to reduce time and simplifying the desensitization procedure.

Methods

Retrospective observational study was carried out in adult patients with HSRs to chemotherapy agents who received a new nondilution one-bag desensitization protocol between 2016 and 2021.

Results

A total of 130 desensitization procedures with an undiluted one-bag protocol were performed on 17 patients with HSRs to chemotherapy. One hundred and seven (82.3%) were for desensitization to CBDCA, 15 (11.5%) for oxaliplatin, 4 (3.1%) for paclitaxel and 4 (3.1%) for brentuximab. All of the 130 procedures were successfully accomplished, and all patients could receive their target dose. No breakthrough reactions (BTRs) occurred in 77% (100/130) of desensitizations, and only mild reactions (grade 1) with skin symptoms were observed in 23% (30/130) of desensitizations.

Conclusion and Relevance

The undiluted one-bag desensitization protocol was safe and effective and has been adopted as the standard of care at our institution in treating patients with HSRs to chemotherapeutic drugs as it requires less time and simplifies the desensitization procedure, optimizing risk management.
Shaming in a Shameless World: The Broken Dialectic of the Self
Authors: Fumurescu Alin
Published: May 2022

Until recently, shame culture was considered a powerful weapon for maintaining the status quo. Furthermore, it was also considered anti-democratic. Yet nowadays, in the hands of the weak, it has become a powerful weapon for challenging the status quo. It appears that the efficiency of shame has increased in an allegedly shameless society. This article seeks to clarify such conundrums by employing the largely forgotten dialectic of the self to highlight the difference between “being ashamed” within one’s inner self and “feeling shamed” in one’s outer self, as evinced in the usages of two different words for “shame” in Hebrew and Greek. By contrasting Socrates with Diogenes the Cynic, this approach shows not only why not being able to be ashamed within one’s inner self is a sign of a totalitarian self but also why such a self can become more vulnerable to external acts of shaming.
Agree on How to Disagree: Aristotelian Ethics and Conversational Virtue
Authors: McNish R. Lee
Published: May 2022

Partisanship and polarization lend themselves to the problem of demonizing, where citizens construct narratives about ideological opponents. These demonizing narratives pose a danger to democratic politics, as they can prevent consensus and compromise and possibly even invite violence. In thinking about how to combat demonization, I turn to Aristotle’s virtue ethics and the particular virtues of “friendliness,” “truthfulness,” and “wittiness.” These “conversational virtues” govern how we ought to interact within social contexts. By looking to these conversational virtues, we can determine how to leverage ethical principles not traditionally associated with political institutions.
Patronage and Presidential Coalition Formation
Authors: Bersch Katherine , Lopez Felix , Taylor Matthew M.
Published: May 2022

Effective democratic governance rests on the executive’s ability to forge coalitions that can advance policy and sustain the government against challengers. Scholars have long focused on cabinet appointments to understand how executives build coalitions with their legislative allies. In many democracies, however, cabinet appointments at the ministerial level may only represent the tip of the iceberg. We show that administrative political appointees (APAs) beneath the ministerial level constitute one of the most important ways that cooperation between legislative and executive is forged. Leveraging a unique and comprehensive database of an average 2600 Brazilian APAs per year over two decades, we evaluate their effect on coalition unity in critical legislative votes. We demonstrate that these APAs, which we collectively term the “patronage coalition,” have a significant effect on legislative support and thus are a critical tool for presidents. Our results are particularly relevant to a new emphasis in the political science literature on the “toolbox” that presidents utilize to address the challenges of simultaneously maintaining legislative support while implementing policy. These results demonstrate that the patronage coalition is a fundamental tool that should be more widely integrated into models of legislative-executive bargaining.
Metastatic High-Grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma with BCOR Translocation to the Pleural Fluid: A Case Report
Authors: Gonsalves Catherine , Ross Julia , Esnakula Ashwini , Leon Marino
Published: May 2022

Sarcomas in cytology fluids are uncommon, accounting for an estimated 3-6% of malignant effusions. High-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas are uncommon malignancies, whose true frequency is not well defined. We present a case of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with a BCOR translocation metastatic to the pleural fluid. A 31-year-old female with a long-standing history of abnormal uterine bleeding underwent needle core biopsy, which showed a high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with a BCOR translocation. In the months following her diagnosis, the patient underwent multiple cycles of chemotherapy along with radiation therapy, but had disease progression. She then presented with bilateral pleural effusions. Cytology from the pleural effusions showed single cells and three-dimensional clusters of spindle-shaped to epithelioid cells. The cell block showed many groups of the atypical cells. The histologic and immunophenotypic features were consistent with metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma. Ten months after initial diagnosis and two months after positive pleural fluid cytology the patient was deceased. Malignant pleural fluids with sarcoma metastases are not common. Endometrial stromal sarcomas are infrequent malignancies and those with BCOR translocations are recently described with a small number of cases reported. Pleural fluid metastasis of high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with BCOR translocation has not, to our knowledge, been described in the literature.
Making Sustainable Palm Oil? Developmentalist And Environmental Assemblages In The Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Córdoba Diana , Moreno Renata , Sombra Daniel
Published: May 2022

The question of how to generate development while preserving the environment is central to the history of the Brazilian Amazon. Many decades of top-down state interventions conceived and executed under a developmentalist framework have resulted in a socioenvironmental crisis. In response, the Sustainable Oil Palm Production Program (SPOPP) was launched in 2010. It promised to break with developmentalist visions and articulate environmental and sustainability concerns. This paper uses assemblage thinking to examine how these contrasting, often impossible-to-balance, views manifest within SPOPP implementation. We describe how non-human actors (trees, diseases, previous policies and agroecological zoning technologies) interact with human actors. However, powerful actors, in the state and beyond, continue to garner support for their developmentalist interests and thwart or depoliticize environmental and social concerns, thus limiting change.
Impact of Measurement Variability on Study Inference in Partner Violence Prevention Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Clark Cari Jo , Bergenfeld Irina , Cheong Yuk Fai , Kaslow Nadine J. , Yount Kathryn M.
Published: May 2022

In lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), studies of interventions to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) are expanding, yet measurement equivalence of the IPV construct—the primary outcome in these investigations—has not been established. We assessed the measurement equivalence of physical and sexual IPV item sets used in recent trials in LMICs and tested the impact of noninvariance on study inference. With data from four intervention trials ( N = 3,545) completed before 2020, we used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to assess invariance across arms, over time, and across studies. We also calculated average treatment effects adjusting for covariate imbalance to assess concordance with published results. Most items functioned equivalently within studies at baseline and end line. Some evidence of longitudinal noninvariance was observed in at least one study arm in three studies, but did not meaningfully affect latent means or effect-size estimates. Evidence of partial invariance across studies at baseline and strict invariance over time was observed. Common measures of physical and sexual IPV were valid for measuring intervention impact in these samples. The study highlights the need for harmonized use of the tested scale, content validity assessments, and routine measurement equivalence testing to ensure valid inferences about intervention effectiveness.
3D dynamic modelling of a rigid manipulator mounted on a rectangular plate based on Hamilton principle
Authors: Tang Xiaobin , Xie Zhijiang , Zhu Jiahao , Zhang Jian , Zeng Lingbin , Pi Yangjun
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a comprehensive model to predict the dynamical coupling behaviors of a rotating rigid manipulator mounted on a rectangular plate, which represents real applications such as on-orbit array installation of solar panels. The three-dimensional relationship of displacement field between the end-effector, with arbitrary installation position and azimuth, and the rectangular plate is first established based on spatial descriptions and transformations method. Galerkin’s method is employed and extended to treat the spatial partial derivatives. Then, the governing equation of motion is derived using the Hamilton principle. The dynamic behavior of the system with respect to torque input, the variation of structural parameters as well as installation position and azimuth of the manipulator, is analyzed by simulation, which may provide some principles to control the vibration amplitude of plate and oscillating value of end-effector. Simulation results show that the presented three-dimensional dynamic model is more proper and accurate to describe the dynamic behaviors of system through comparison with two conventional dynamic models, and especially the large structure parameter manipulator is mounted on a rectangular plate.
Using a continuous mathematical model to investigate the effect of a symmetric circumferential crack on the free vibrations of a simply supported Euler–Bernoulli beam
Authors: Jomezade Khazarbeygi Saleh , Yadavar Nikravesh Seyed Majid
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the influence of a circumferential crack on a simply supported beam’s free vibration behavior analytically and numerically. The beam is modeled by Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with a circular cross-section. The circumferential crack is modeled by considering a continuous effect in the displacement field. An exponential function is considered in the displacement field with an exponential decay rate parameter which characterizes the influence of crack on its surroundings. The exponential function of crack depth ratio was proposed for the exponential decay rate of symmetric circumferential open cracks using a comparative method based on finite element simulation for the first time. The equation of motion is derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved by a Galerkin method, and natural frequencies are obtained. The crack depth and position influence on the natural frequency are analytically clarified and compared with a symmetric and single-edge crack. The possibility of identifying the location and relative depth of the crack has been investigated. Whatever the crack is, closer to the maximum amplitude vibration in each mode, the frequency ratio is more dropped, making it more detectible. Also, the circumferential crack is more affected on vibration behavior than the symmetric and single-edge crack. The analytical results have excellent conformity with the finite element results obtained by the ABAQUS 3-dimensional model. Also, some experimental results have been obtained to validate the finite element model. The finite element model has an excellent agreement with experimental results. The results can be used to identify circumferential cracks.
A combined sound field reconstruction method for non-cylindrical rotative surfaces based on statistically optimal cylindrical near-field acoustic holography and multipoint Helmholtz equation least square
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhang Peng , Song Chao , Chen Xuefeng , Ou Kai , Han Shengming , Ni Jinglei , Nie Zelin , Liu Yilong
Published: May 2022

For the sound field reconstruction of non-cylindrical rotative surfaces, current near-field acoustic holography (NAH) methods have relatively poor applicability and low accuracy. To overcome the problem, a combined sound field reconstruction method is proposed. First, an improved multipoint Helmholtz equation least square (HELS) method is proposed, which is more applicable to reconstruct the sound field with an aspect ratio larger than 1. Second, based on single criterion traversing method (SCTM), an improved double criterion traversing method (DCTM) is proposed to determine the optimal truncation order, and reduce the reconstruction error of multipoint HELS. Third, with the sound pressure measured on the holographic surface, the sound pressure on the transitional surface is reconstructed using statistically optimal cylindrical near-field acoustic holography (SOCNAH), and the sound pressure on the reconstruction surface is reconstructed using multipoint HELS. Finally, typical numerical case studies and experimental studies on a test bed are carried out, which validate that the combined method can obviously improve the accuracy and robustness of sound field reconstruction for non-cylindrical rotative surfaces, and thus provide reliable evidences for noise monitoring and control of mechanical systems.
Moderation Effects of Language Skills, Residential Tenure, and Education on Immigrants’ Learning From News
Authors: Medvedeva Yulia S. , Leshner Glenn M.
Published: May 2022

Authors of the knowledge gap hypothesis predicted television’s potential to narrow the gaps in some circumstances. This online experiment aimed to bound the conditions that facilitate the leveling role of audiovisual news for a foreign-born audience ( N = 137) residing in the United States. Results showed that audiovisual news narrowed the gaps by improving learning for those who scored low on language or U.S. education and by attenuating improvements in learning for those with high language or education scores. Conversely, text news widened the gaps by sizable gains in learning for those with better language or more education.
Associations of readiness for hospital discharge with symptoms and non-routine utilization of post-discharge services among cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy at home: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Chen Yanrong , Qin Ting , Fu Guifen , Bai Jinbing
Published: May 2022

Background

Readiness for hospital discharge is associated with patients’ health outcomes after they return home. However, little is known about this association among cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy at home. This study aimed to examine whether patients’ reported readiness for hospital discharge was associated with symptoms and non-routine utilization of post-discharge services among cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy at home.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted, and 151 cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy were recruited from a provincial level hospital in South China between October 2018 and December 2019. The primary outcome was readiness for hospital discharge assessed by the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale-Short Form on the day of discharge. The secondary endpoints were symptoms assessed by MD Anderson Symptom Inventory and non-routine utilization of post-discharge services within one cycle of chemotherapy at home (21 days).

Results

Among these 151 participants, 74.2% of them reported as ready for discharge. Patients who were employed, lived in suburban area or villages, had a higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, took Tegafur as oral chemotherapy, and took oral chemotherapy for the first time reported lower readiness for hospital discharge. These five factors explained 28.1% of variance in readiness for hospital discharge. Patients who were not ready for discharge were prone to report higher symptom severity ( p  = 0.038). No differences in non-routine utilization of post-discharge services were found between the readiness versus non-readiness for discharge groups ( p  = 0.891).

Conclusions

Most cancer patients receiving oral chemotherapy at home were ready for discharge, which was influenced by employment status, residence status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, type of oral chemotherapy drug, and the experience of taking oral chemotherapy at home. Patients with lower readiness reported worse symptom severity at home. Routine assessment was suggested to recognize unready patients, and more extensive preparations for discharge were recommended to help them manage symptoms at home.
Consumers With Serious Mental Illness Perspectives on Care Integration: Preparation for Integration
Authors: Fisher Kathleen , Weissinger Guy , O’Rorke Rosemary , Edwards Erica , Diamond Guy
Published: May 2022

Background:

Those with serious mental illness (SMI) experience poor health outcomes which may be addressed by the integration of mental health and primary care services. This integration could be enhanced by the inclusion of consumers in the planning process.

Aims:

This study sought to bring the voice of the consumer with SMI to assist with the integration of primary care and mental health services.

Methods:

Working with a community advisory board in the City of Philadelphia, we carried out a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. The team conducted 12 focus groups ( n=149) and surveys ( n = 137) of consumers with SMI about their experiences of the health care system and perspectives on integrated health. Data from surveys and focus groups were analyzed and integrated.

Results:

Three relevant themes emerged: primary care experiences; health care stigma; and social determinants as barriers to health. Generally, individuals with SMI supported the integration of care, with careful consideration given to social determinants of health, patient privacy, and respect between providers and patients.

Conclusions:

Integration may reduce health disparities experienced by individuals with SMI, but the process must be informed by intended consumers. Policymakers and administrators will need to address barriers to care, healthcare stigma, and social determinants of health. Nurses are well placed to inform and lead healthcare integration and overcome the siloing of mental and physical healthcare systems.
Statistical prediction of bone microstructure degradation to study patient dependency in osteoporosis
Authors: Famouri Seyedfarzad , Baghani Mostafa , Sheidaei Azadeh , George Daniel , Farahani Maryam Mazraehei , Panahi Masoud Shariat , Baniassadi Majid
Published: May 2022

Numerical prediction of osteoporosis evolution is a challenging objective in medicine, particularly when one desires to account for patient dependency. The use of statistical methods to reconstruct bone microstructure distribution could be a helpful tool for this prediction, as they are able to provide different types of microstructures that can be optimized to fit with each patient. An initial bone sample was obtained from high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRμCT). Its microstructure evolution in time using a previously developed degradation model was used as the ground truth. Statistical bone microstructures were reconstructed at different stages of this evolution using two-point correlation functions (TPCFs). A blind search approach is used to find the optimized statistical microstructures, and the optimized coefficient showed less than 2% TPCF error between the statistical reconstruction and the degraded model. The statistical models also showed less than 13% error in the corresponding mechanical properties. The results showed a good correlation between the developed approach and the ground truth. The method could be extrapolated to account for the physical characterization of patient dependency to predict bone density loss over time.
Automated Tumor Count for Mitosis-Karyorrhexis Index Determination in Neuroblastoma Using Whole Slide Image and Qupath, an Image Analytic Software
Authors: Yu Guizhen , Yu Chao , Xie Feng , He Mai
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI) is important for risk stratification workup of neuroblastic tumors. MKI is calculated by estimating the denominator (5000 tumor cells). We hypothesized that whole slide image (WSI) with appropriate digital image analytical software could provide an objective aid to pathologist’s MKI workup.

Materials & Methods

With IRB approval, sixteen cases of neuroblastic tumors as convenient cases were used. H&E slides were scanned at 40X using an Aperio Scanscope AT2 scanner and stored in SVS format. Digital photos were also taken and stored in TIFF format. Qupath, an open source image analytical software, was used to annotate, define region of interest (ROI) and automatically count the cells within ROI.

Results

With selected parameters, Qupath was able to provide cell count using both WSI (.svs) and digital images (.TIFF). Comparison of automated count and eyeball manual count generated precision above .96, recall above .96, F1 scores above .98, with false positive rate ranging from .6 to 3.7%, and false negative rate from .6 to 3.8%. Compared to original pathological report, automated tumor cell count led to lower MKI in 3 of 16 cases (18.8%) and change of “unfavorable histology” to “favorable” in one case (1/16, 6.3%).

Conclusion

Combination of WSI (or digital images) with Qupath is able to provide an automated, objective and consistent way for cell count to facilitate pathologist’s MKI determination in neuroblastic tumors’ workup and research.
Using CATA and Machine Learning to Operationalize Old Constructs in New Ways: An Illustration Using U.S. Governors’ COVID-19 Press Briefings
Authors: Marshall Jason D. , Yammarino Francis J. , Parameswaran Srikanth , Cheong Minyoung
Published: May 2022

Increased computing power and greater access to online data have led to rapid growth in the use of computer-aided text analysis (CATA) and machine learning methods. Using “big data”, researchers have not only advanced new streams of research, but also new research methodologies. Noting this trend and simultaneously recognizing the value of traditional research methods, we lay out a methodology that bridges the gap between old and new approaches to operationalize old constructs in new ways. With a combination of web scraping, CATA, and supervised machine learning, using labeled ground truth data (i.e., data with known inputs and outputs), we train a model to predict CIP (Charismatic-Ideological-Pragmatic) leadership styles from running text. To illustrate this method, we apply the model to classify U.S. state governors’ COVID-19 press briefings according to their CIP leadership style. In addition, we demonstrate content and convergent validity of the method.
It Takes a Village!: Customer Value Co-Creation Behavior in Restaurant Social Media-Based Brand Community
Authors: Song Jahyun , Qu Hailin , (Robert) Li Xiang
Published: May 2022

Customers’ value co-creation behavior plays an essential role on brand pages, which many hospitality firms adopt to create value with customers. However, current understanding of the elements, drivers, and dynamics of such behavior is limited. Based on the value co-creation literature, motivation–opportunity–ability theory, and the dual identification framework, this study sought to bridge this knowledge gap. Specifically, this research clarified customer engagement behavior (CEB) and customer citizenship behavior (CCB) as respective in-role and extra-role behaviors of value co-creation and revealed their positive relationship. Structural equation modeling indicated that motivations (seeking assistance and diversion), social presence, and brand knowledge positively influenced CEB, which then affected CCB directly and indirectly through customer–brand identification. Moreover, functional benefits did not trigger meaningful CEB, and customer–community identification had a minimal impact on CCB. Overall, these insights can help practitioners manage their brand pages more effectively to co-create value with customers.
Flexural response of sandwich composites integrated with 3D multi-layer stitched core
Authors: Hayta Neslihan , Kaya Gaye
Published: May 2022

This experimental study investigates the flexural response of sandwich composites integrated with 3D multi-layer stitched core. Polypropylene 3D multi-layer woven fabric impregnated with an epoxy resin was selected as the core, while E-glass fiber reinforced epoxy was used for the sandwich composite face sheets. The sandwich composite exhibited a ductile behavior when loaded in three-point bending as the core layers increased. This is due to the drop in core shear strength with the increased number of core layers. The core layers that were not directly connected with the face sheets deformed most under shear, resulting in a more flexible plate behavior. The number of core layers, size of core unit-cell and stitching density were the critical design parameters determining the flexural strength and stiffness of the sandwich panel. The flexural modulus of sandwich composites with higher stitching density core stiffer than those of lower stitching density.