bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE BURSARS' ACCOUNTS AT DURHAM CATHEDRAL PRIORY, 1278–1398
Authors: Dobie Alisdair
Published: June 2017

This paper is based upon an examination of a selection of the bursars' accounts from Durham Cathedral Priory covering the period from the first extant account (1278–9) to the end of the 14th century. The accounts selected have been transcribed from the original documents and translated from Latin into English. A traditional focus of accounting historians in the medieval period has been on manorial accounting and the system of charge and discharge. This paper examines a series of non-manorial accounts and a variety of supporting accounting materials, analyzing them for evidence of the development and refinement of controls. After an introduction which reviews the background of the accounts and the extent to which they have been utilized for historical research, this paper describes the various sources of receipts and types of expenditure which are revealed. The format of the accounts is traced, and a review of total receipts and expenditure is conducted to gain an understanding of the overall financial position of the bursar's office. Next, the accounts are considered within the context of other accounting records to explore the financial controls in place. Finally, areas for further investigation and analysis are identified. The accounts selected reveal that actual receipts and actual expenditure were kept closely in tandem, and that an extensive network of other accounting material and documents allowing a system of cross-checks enabled auditors to ascertain the veracity and accuracy of the accounts.
ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE PERSEPOLIS FORTIFICATION TABLETS
Authors: Vollmers Gloria L.
Published: June 2017

The bookkeeping records collected and retained by accountants of the Persian Empire centered at Persepolis from 509-494 B.C. are examined in this paper. A powerful bureaucracy exercised control over foodstuffs to supply an immense number of royal and state personnel and workers with their ration needs. A sophisticated accounting system facilitated this control, making visible not only the quantities of food assets distributed but also the locations and individuals responsible for these distributions.
VEBLEN'S PLACEBO: ANOTHER HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON ADMINISTRATIVE EVIL
Authors: Dillard Jesse F. , Ruchala Linda V.
Published: June 2017

Thorstein Veblen was a turn of the 20th century American economist concerned with the implications of financial capitalists directing the means of production. Veblen proposed that the rationality of “material science” as practiced by the “production engineers” is fundamentally different from the rationality of market capitalism. If this claim is valid, our previous contentions regarding accounting, as a facilitating technology, for administrative evil warrant reconsideration. Veblen's position provides a historical perspective on one dimension of administrative evil that is generally unquestionably accepted, especially within accounting. That is, technology, such as accounting and the related information systems, is amoral, and it is only through ideologically instigated applications that any moral value accrues. We discuss administrative evil and the role of instrumental rationality generally, and accounting specifically, in creating it. Veblen's characterization of financial capitalism and production engineers and his arguments for the primacy of economic efficiency versus “pecuniary gain” provide a basis for evaluating the legitimating action. We consider how Veblen's work relates to notions of instrumental rationality and then undertake a critical assessment of the ideas. Some of Veblen's ideas, while utopian, might be seen as an elixir for the detrimental influences of financial capital; however, at best, they provide a placebo for the ills of administrative evil and, as such, do not provide an amoral basis for legitimating the associated accounting systems.
IN DEFENSE OF PACIOLI
Authors: Sangster Alan , Stoner Greg N. , McCarthy Patricia
Published: June 2017

This paper responds to Basil Yamey's paper in the December 2010 issue of this journal. In that paper, Professor Yamey contradicts some of the points made in our 2008 paper, also in this journal, in which we conclude that Pacioli's Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (1494) was written primarily for merchants and their sons. He does so by attempting to explain why Pacioli's exposition of double-entry bookkeeping, De Computis et Scripturis, was neither an effective reference text for merchants nor a satisfactory school text for their sons. We are unconvinced by Professor Yamey's argument and counter it in this paper by demonstrating that, if anything, Pacoli's bookkeeping treatise was even more fit-for-purpose than we previously indicated.
TOO YOUNG TO HAVE A HISTORY? USING DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES TO REVEAL TRENDS AND SHIFTS IN THE BRIEF HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Badua Frank A. , Watkins Ann L.
Published: June 2017

Using several data-analysis techniques, this paper seeks to construct a brief history of Accounting Information Systems (AIS). In an effort to achieve some degree of comprehensiveness, this paper examines both AIS research and pedagogy. It begins by documenting and classifying topical foci of research papers in the Journal of Information Systems. It then compares the pedagogical emphases of AIS courses as identified in past research. By deploying multiple methods of analysis to identify patterns of hegemony or change in the topics of AIS scholarship and teaching, this paper highlights the use of two data-analysis techniques found to be useful in the historical research of accounting. Findings reveal signs of the assimilation of AIS scholarship into the wider world of accounting research and strong influences upon AIS pedagogy by oversight bodies and technological innovation.
PERSONAL ACCOUNTS, ACCOUNT BOOKS AND THEIR PROBATIVE VALUE: HISTORICAL NOTES, c.1200 TO c.1800
Authors: Yamey Basil S.
Published: June 2017

This paper discusses a number of topics pertaining to personal accounts in account books in the period roughly between 1200 and 1800. The main emphasis is on two topics, namely the use of account books as evidence in courts of law, and bad and doubtful debts and their accounting treatment. Examples from various countries and periods are provided to illustrate the discussion, which is not intended to be exhaustive.
LOCATING THE SOURCE OF PACIOLI'S BOOKKEEPING TREATISE
Authors: Sangster Alan
Published: June 2017

There is much we do not know about the early development of double entry bookkeeping. What, for example, caused it to be used by sufficient merchants for it to be formally taught to their sons in Northern Italy before anyone had apparently written anything about it? And, what did Pacioli use as the source for his 1494 treatise, the earliest known detailed written description of the method, something that has challenged researchers for at least the past 130 years? Discovering Pacioli's sources could broaden our knowledge of the Renaissance roots of accounting and of its early role and place in business practice; may provide some insights into the reasons for the emergence of double entry bookkeeping; and may give us further insight into the early instruction of double entry bookkeeping. But, previous attempts to find his sources have failed. Making use of hitherto overlooked information, this paper identifies two periods for which knowledge of Pacioli's whereabouts would indicate where to focus any search for his sources and suggests where to initiate the search.
ACCOUNT BOOKS OF THE IMPERIAL WAQFS (CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS) IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (15th TO 19th CENTURIES)
Authors: Orbayy Kayhan
Published: June 2017

The history of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean has not been adequately studied through its primary sources, despite the fact that the Turkish archives house an enormous amount of material for exploring accounting practices in the Ottoman Empire. Ottomanists used the account books as sources for Ottoman socioeconomic and institutional history. They analyzed, fully transliterated and published the account registers of the central treasury, the Istanbul shipyard and the waqf institutions. Nevertheless, accounting historians did not even show interest into published archival sources up until recent years. Owing to a few recent works that were based on the primary sources, nowadays accounting historians are more and more aware of the richness and significance of Ottoman archives for accounting history and for comparative accounting research as well. This study introduces the account books kept in the Ottoman waqf institutions between the 15th and 19th centuries in order to raise awareness of the Eastern Mediterranean accounting tradition and to spark further in-depth and comparative works focused on the history, functioning, role and change of accounting in the Eastern Mediterranean.
RAILROAD INVESTING AND THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN 1880s AMERICA
Authors: Thompson Joel E.
Published: June 2017

This study has a two-fold purpose. First, it seeks to determine the importance of financial accounting information to railroad investors (and speculators) in 1880s America. Second, a further goal is to ascertain what financial accounting information was readily available for use by these investors. Based on a comprehensive search of books of the era, the 1880s were a time of expanding advice for railroad securities holders that required the use of financial accounting information. Furthermore, new information sources arose to help service investors' needs. Statistics by Goodsell and The Wall Street Journal were two such sources. This article reviews these publications along with the ongoing Commercial and Financial Chronicle and Poor's Manual of the Railroads of the United States. Each of these sources helped railroad investors to follow contemporary advice of gathering financial accounting and other information when investing.
A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH CONCERNING ACCOUNTING CHANGES IN POST-COMMUNIST ECONOMIES
Authors: Baker C. Richard , Barbu Elena M. , Le Tuyen N.
Published: June 2017

This paper reviews 107 academic research publications appearing between 1988 and 2011 that studied accounting changes in post-communist economies. While there has been a significant amount of prior research focusing on accounting changes in economies undergoing the transition from communism to a market economy, there has been a lack of synthesis and overview of the literature in this field. In order to develop such a synthesis and overview, the reviewed publications have been categorized according to a framework proposed by Barbu (2006), and then further classified into changes pertaining to accounting institutions, changes in accounting systems (i.e. legislation, principles and standards), and interactions between economic changes and accounting changes. We then interpret our findings through several theoretical frameworks that provide explanations regarding relationships between economic changes (i.e. in particular the transition from communism to a market economy) and accounting changes. This analysis has led to a proposed new framework to better understand relationships between economic changes and accounting changes during the transition from communism to a market-based economy.
LAYING DOWN THE LAW ON LOCKHEED: HOW AN AVIATION AND DEFENSE GIANT INSPIRED THE PROMULGATION OF THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT OF 1977
Authors: Badua Frank
Published: June 2017

This paper examines the events that led to the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA 1977, or simply, the Act). Central to the narrative are the actions undertaken by Lockheed Corporation, the politico-economic context in which it operated, the international scandals that resulted from its practices, and the landmark law that resulted from these events. The paper concludes with an analysis of dramatic changes in the subsequent enforcement of FCPA 1977, and a consideration of the efficacy of this reform as viewed from various lenses provided by economics, law, philosophy, and political science.
SOCIALIZATION OF US NOVICE ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONALS THROUGH ETHICAL DISCOURSE IN 1931
Authors: Roberts Diane H.
Published: June 2017

This study applies a qualitative analysis of Fogarty's [1992] application of institutional theory to an individual's socialization in the American public accountancy profession in an historical context. The Ethics of the Profession, a book published by the American Institute of Accountants (AIA) in 1931, is examined to identify the normative, mimetic, and coercive socialization mechanisms embedded within. Both informal and formal code-based ethical discourse is contained in the book. This reflects the AIA's status as one of two competing national professional organizations and the only organization with a promulgated code of conduct. The results indicate use of embedded historical linguistic terms to delineate professional self-image and use of normative and mimetic socialization mechanisms in this effort to instill professional ideals into new entrants to the profession.
THE MATCHING PRINCIPLE REVISITED
Authors: Zimmerman Aleksandra B. , Bloom Robert
Published: June 2017

This paper reassesses the significance of the concept of matching expenses to revenues as an accounting principle. We compare and contrast the historical views of authoritative bodies and the various scholars and practitioners who analyze this subject, drawing implications for future standard setting. Through this historical retrospective on matching, which includes a review of more contemporary research and thought, we find that matching as an approach to income measurement can be helpful in forecasting earning power. Consequently, we conclude that matching should be retained as a long-standing fundamental accounting principle in standard-setting and in practice.
THE MIDDLESEX CANAL—AN ANALYSIS OF ITS ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kistler Linda H.
Published: June 2017

The paper analyzes the development and subsequent decline of the Middlesex Canal, a twenty-seven mile inland waterway that joined Lowell in northern Massachusetts with Boston and the sea. Built from 1793 to 1804, the canal was an important catalyst in regional economic and transportation development during the early years of the American Industrial Revolution. Data from original financial records of the canal are presented for the period 1825 to 1845 when the canal was most successfully operated. The Middlesex Canal is acknowledged to be a fundamental element in the early development of Lowell as the center for textile manufacturing in the United States.
INTERNAL CONTROL FOR OTTOMAN FOUNDATIONS
Authors: Var Turgut
Published: June 2017

The objective of this paper is to analyze Ottoman waqfs (foundations) to determine the internal control principles followed. In order to achieve this task, extensive references have been made to an actual waqf deed, The Waqfiyah of Ahmed Pasa. The original copy of this document is in the Free Library of Philadelphia and it was written December 1511. It is hoped that this research would lead to further research dealing with early accounting thought and practices in the Middle East.
HICKS ON ACCOUNTING
Authors: Brief Richard P.
Published: June 2017

Whenever income and capital maintenance concepts are discussed at the conceptual level, a reference to Hicks is likely to be found. These references are misleading since Hicks himself believed that the proper basis of valuation in the financial statements of a firm is historical cost. He also argued that accountants should not make price-level adjustments. Hicks' views on accounting, which are scattered in his writings over a period of 35 years, are reviewed in this paper.
...hvað segið þið strákar? Upplifun kvenmillistjórnenda af stöðu sinni, möguleikum og hindrunum í starfi
Authors: Einarsdóttir Unnur Dóra , Kristjánsdóttir Erla S. , Christiansen Þóra H.
Published: June 2017

Hægt gengur að jafna stöðu kynjanna í efstu stjórnunarþrepum fyrirtækja á Íslandi. Í rannsókninni er sjónum beint að konum sem gegna stöðum millistjórnenda í stórum eða meðalstórum fyrirtækjum og eru því í hópi mögulegra yfirstjórnenda framtíðarinnar. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að öðlast skilning á upplifun og reynslu kvennanna af stöðu sinni, hindrunum og möguleikum til starfsþróunar. Viðtöl við þær voru greind og túlkuð eftir aðferðum fyrirbærafræðinnar. Helstu niðurstöður benda til þess að flókinn vefur óáþreifanlegra hindrana sé til staðar í formi karllægrar menningar, viðhorfa, formgerða fyrirtækja sem og langlífra staðalímynda. Konurnar upplifa efsta stjórnunarlagið sem lokaða karlaklíku; yfirstjórnendastörfin sem sniðin að þörfum og aðstæðum karlmanna og að þær geti ekki bætt á sig frekari ábyrgð; vinnusemi og vandvirkni þeirra finnst þeim ekki metin að verðleikum og loks máta þær sig í hlutverk yfirstjórnandans og áfellast sjálfar sig fyrir að falla ekki að staðalímyndinni. Í sameiningu draga þessir þættir úr sjálfstrausti kvennanna og þrótti til að sækjast eftir hærri stöðum ásamt því að valda þeim álagi og um leið viðhalda raunverulegum vanda ójafnréttis kynjanna í æðstu stjórnendastöðum fyrirtækjanna.
THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL OF THE ORTHODOXY ACCORDING TO REV. PROF. LIVIU STAN
Authors: MARGA Irimie
Published: June 2017

Synodality is the fundamental feature of the Orthodox Church. Reverend Prof. Liviu Stan defined the synod principle as the order of Church management through councils, both by hierarchical councils and through joint councils. The highest manifestation of Church synodality is the ecumenical council which, paradoxically, is not legally necessary and has not been institutionalized by the Church, so it has the character of charism. The special property of Ecumenical Council was established only by its so-called reception of the whole Church, reception which has also acquired the charism of infallibility. The meeting of a Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox is the natural expression that shows synodality in the Orthodox Church, which must operate at all times and in all places. It becomes officially recognized only by the reception process, which is spontaneous and quiet, and cannot be estimated over linear time. The opinions during the reception process cannot be hurried or stopped, compelled or ignored. The decisions of a Holy and Great Panorthodox Council can be perceived as a whole, can be perceived only in part, or may be corrected at a later meeting.
AUTONOMY AND ORTHODOX DIASPORA FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE DOCUMENTS ADOPTED BY THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL
Authors: VLAICU Patriciu Dorin
Published: June 2017

Since the beginning of the debates on the topics which could be discussed at the Orthodox Church’s Synod, autocephaly, autonomy, the Orthodox diaspora and the diptychs were part of the proposed themes. Their analysis during the preparatory process highlighted the fact that Orthodox Churches cannot reach a consensus regarding two of them: autocephaly and diptychs. Under these conditions, the Synaxis of the Orthodox Church’s primates, convened in Constantinople in 2014, decided to withdraw them from the agenda. Out of the four above-mentioned themes only Autonomy and the Means by Which it is Proclaimed and The Orthodox Diaspora were kept for debate and approval. In this paper, I will briefly analyse these two documents, emphasising the contribution of the Synod to the clarification of the topics, highlighting some fundamental elements, and aspects that are as yet unresolved.
A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MOST CONTROVERSIAL PHRASE OF THE HOLY AND GREAT COUNCIL: “THE ORTHODOX CHURCH ACCEPTS THE HISTORICAL NAME OF OTHER NON-ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CHURCHES AND CONFESSIONS THAT ARE NOT IN COMMUNION WITH HER”
Authors: PERȘA Răzvan
Published: June 2017

In this paper, I will try to emphasise the genesis and the development of the phrase: the Orthodox Church accepts the historical name of other non-Orthodox Christian Churches and Confessions, by finding how this highly controversial formulation emerged and who were its promoters. Surprisingly, the direct promoter of this formulation of the final document of the Third Pre-conciliar Pan-orthodox Conference is none other than Theodoros Zisis, at that time a consultant member of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. The main question that we have addressed is the following: is there in the patristic, synodal and canonical Tradition of the Church any example where certain heterodox communities were called Churches without recognizing their ecclesiality or an ecclesial status? I have emphasised the diachronic development of the use of the word church/ἐκκλησία applied to other Christian communities in some synodal decisions and works of the Holy Fathers in order to designate certain communities that ceased the communion with the Orthodox Church and departed from it, but by the use of the word Church they did not give an ontological ecclesial status to other Christian communities.
DEBATING THE DOCUMENTS OF THE HOLY AND GREAT SYNOD OF CRETE – A CANONICAL AND DISCIPLINARY APPROACH. CASE STUDY: THE ARCHBISHOPRIC OF IAŞI
Authors: ROMAN Emilian-Iustinian
Published: June 2017

The discussion of the documents of the Holy and Great Synod of Crete has resulted in numerous clashes in the dioceses of the Romanian Patriarchate. In this context, our study seeks to analyse various forms of canonical disobedience and highlight the principle of synodality, one of the fundamental canonical principles of organizing the Orthodox Church, according to which the leadership of the Church is exercised collectively, not individually. Furthermore, canonical obedience, as an expression of the hierarchical principle, means the subordination of the inferior ranks to the higher ones, of the faithful to the hierarchy, of the hierarchs to the synods, etc.
THE SOUL’S POWERS AND THE PROCESS OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF SIMON TAIBUTEH: BETWEEN ANATOMY AND SPIRITUALITY
Authors: VESA Benedict
Published: June 2017

In the line of the ascetical tradition, the knowledge of God is the very aim of spiritual life. Divine knowledge is possible, on the one hand, because of God’s revelation and, on the other hand, due to human’s anatomical and spiritual structure. Thus, one may find specific cognitive powers of the body and, in correspondence, of the soul, that stand at the very basis of the process of knowledge, worldly or spiritual. Simon Taibuteh is one of the mystical writers of the East Syriac Church who, having also a medical education, describes spiritual life and, in consequence, divine knowledge, using an anatomic terminology next to the anthropological-theological language, specific to his religious community. His special merits focus on the endeavour of creating bridges between these two domains and, eventually, of describing the soteriological itinerary as a process of healing both physically and spiritually. He is an example of the medical preoccupation in the monastic communities. This paper is divided into three sections, following a general short introduction, dealing firstly with the process of knowledge as described by the author himself, then a synthesis of the way of using the concept powers of the soul by some representative Syriac authors, and, finally, the use of the same concept in Simon’s writings and the way he involves them in the very process of knowledge.
“SHINING FACE” AS HIDDEN AND REVEALED CHRISTOLOGY
Authors: TĂNASE Nichifor
Published: June 2017

The shining face theology as luminous metamorphosis of a visionary has experienced three great challenges: the anthropomorphic controversy, iconoclastic debate and the hesychast dispute. This study attempts to make a mystagogical connection between those three theological developments which are standing all together in God’s holy fire with the unveiled face. I have imposed myself a line of research into the contemplative spirituality field, which in fact represents a hermeneutical trajectory: Glory in the NT (hidden-revealed or being-energies) – Glory in the NT (theosis as Christification) – pre-Nicene Christology (eikonic and apophatic Light / glory) – Desert Fathers (“shining face” christology) – Efrem the Syrian (clothing metaphore) – Dionysius the Areopagite (veils of theurgic rays and Christ’s Presence as immanent transcendence or as tension between transcendent hiddenness and revelation) – Palamas hesychasm (christology of the uncreated light). I am the first who calls the light from the Shining Faces of the Desert Fathers as an uncreated light and a discovery of a Hidden pre-Nicene (apophatic) Christology. I have to emphasize that because these two aspects of my disclosure (meaning uncreated light and hidden christology of the Desert Fathers) were inspired to me by the readings in the field of palamite theology which consider that this light of the ascet’s glowing face to be an uncreated light experienced by the body (aesthetically), an inner presence of Christ who identifies himself with His light (apophatic), He Himself being the deifying light as uncreated divine gift. All studies in the Late Antiquity ignore this visionary experience, reducing it to the level of a simple metaphor of light (completing the ascetic quest for real self), a metaphor in which the saint’s life is hagiographically (mystifying!) described. A second reason for this blindness was a restraint coming from the Evagrian theology that draws attention to the danger of seeking visionary experiences, because in that light there is the risk of an illusory or deceitful demonic appearance. Another reason represents the fact that the hesychast controversy and the theology of the uncreated light as divine energy of the Saint Gregory Palamas’ theology (which in Western media has long been discredited as heretical) have played a negative role in accepting the nature of uncreated light into the shining face Christology of the Desert Fathers.
MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE IN PAUL EVDOKIMOV’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: TRUȚĂ Adrian Eugen
Published: June 2017

This article comprises the contributions and the original expressions/ formulations of the Russian theologian Paul Evdokimov in his efforts to present the essence of the mystical life within the eastern tradition. The current study gathers explanations related to apophatic theology, epektasis, the knowledge of God, the mystical experience and the integration of culture in the ecclesiastical understanding.
“Leer Balún-Canán sin abrir el libro: la bibliografía material en el análisis de la obra literaria”
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: June 2017

Fecha de recepción: 13 de febrero de 2012.Fecha de aceptación: 17 de mayo de 2013. En este artículo, el autor se centra en el papel que tiene la Bibliografía analítica para la construcción de estrategias hermenéuticas en los estudios de literatura mexicana moderna. Si la Bibliografía analítica es el estudio académico de los libros como objetos materiales y culturales,podemos esperar que el análisis bibliográfico explique detalladamente los principales contornos de la primera recepción a la que estuvo sujeta la obra literaria. A modo de ejemplo, presento aquí un análisis exhaustivo de la editio princeps de Balún-Canán, de Rosario Castellanos,con el propósito de explicar la influencia que tuvo el libro como objeto material sobre sus primeros lectores.
Raúl Ávila (ed.), Variación del español en los medios. El Colegio de México, México, 2011; 324 pp., tablas, gráficas, figuras (Colección Estudios de Lingüística, 11).
Authors: Meneses Hernández Luis David
Published: June 2017

Se reseña el libro:Variación del español en los medios.
Alfonso Reyes, Diario I: México, 3 de septiembre de 1911- París 18 de marzo de 1927. Ed. de Alfonso Rangel Guerra. F.C.E., México, 2010. Diario II: París, 19 de marzo de 1927-Buenos Aires, 4 de abril de 1930. Ed. de Adolfo Castañón. F.C.E., México, 2010. Diario III: Santos, 5 de abril de 1930-Montevideo, 30 de junio de 1936. Ed. de Jorge Ruedas de la Serna. F.C.E., México, 2011.
Authors: Pineda Buitrago Sebastián
Published: June 2017

Se reseñan los libros:Diario I: México, 3 de septiembre de 1911- París 18 de marzo de 1927; Diario II: París, 19 de marzo de 1927-Buenos Aires, 4 de abril de 1930; Diario III: Santos, 5 de abril de 1930-Montevideo, 30 de junio de 1936.
Alain Musset, Ciudades nómadas del Nuevo Mundo, México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2011, 477 p.
Authors: García Acosta Virginia
Published: June 2017

El artículo de Alain Musset titulado “Mudarse o desaparecer. Traslado de ciudades hispanoamericanas y desastres (siglos XVI-XVIII) , publicado en el primero de los tres volúmenes de Historia y desastres en Amé­rica Latina, constituye el primer antecedente de Ciudades nómadas del Nuevo Mundo.
Neyra Patricia Alvarado Solís, María Isabel Mora Ledesma y José Javier Maisterrena Zubirán, coords., Huellas en el desierto. Trabajo y ritual en el norte de México, México, El Colegio de San Luis, San Luis Potosí, 2011, 278 p.
Authors: Padilla Ramos Raquel
Published: June 2017

Huellas en el desierto, Trabajo y ritual en el norte de México es el producto del trabajo colectivo, una compilación de textos especializados en historia y antropología del norte de México y una oda al desierto, reforzada por el presentador Carlos Manuel Valdés. El libro está dividido en dos partes, la primera se titula “Trabajo y desierto” y la segunda “El desierto en los rituales”.
Emmanuel Todd, L’Origine des systèmes familiaux, L’Eurasie, Tome i, París, Gallimard, 2011, 756 p.
Authors: Gonzalbo Aizpuru Pilar
Published: June 2017

¿Por qué apresurarse a reseñar un primer tomo sin esperar a completar la obra? Una primera razón, la fundamental, es que este volumen reúne suficientes atractivos y temas polémicos como para ameritar los comentarios. La segunda, menos evidente, es la intención de disponer los ánimos para recibir sin prejuicios, pero sin excesiva ingenuidad, lo que nos deparará el segundo tomo, el relativo a América y África que, por lógica, es el que más podrá interesarnos a los lectores de este continente.
Vicente Lombardo Toledano y el Congreso Obrero Latinoamericano (1935-1938)
Authors: Herrera González Patricio
Published: June 2017

Este artículo estudia la participación de Vicente Lombardo Toledano en la convocatoria que realizó a los dirigentes obreros para reunirse en un Congreso Obrero Latinoamericano. Organizaciones sindicales expresaron su colaboración para enviar delegados. También, existió atención por la convocatoria en organizaciones internacionales, como la Internacional Comunista y la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo, que proporcionaron su cooperación a través de sus militantes y altos funcionarios. El Congreso se realizó en México, en 1938, y alcanzó su objetivo mayor: la unidad obrera continental.
Milagros León Vegas, Dos siglos de calamidades públicas en Antequera: Crisis epidémicas y desastres naturales (1599-1804), Antequera, Ayuntamiento de Antequera, Fundación Municipal de Cultura, 2007, 366 p.
Authors: Esparza Manuel
Published: June 2017

En la literatura de la sociología de los desastres se suele afirmar que no hay desastres naturales, todos se deben a causas humanas. La falta de medidas preventivas es el principal señalamiento que se nos ocurre para explicar las causas de los efectos de una inundación o un temblor.
Rodrigo Laguarda, La calle de Amberes: la gay street de la ciudad de México, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades, Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2011, 103 p.
Authors: Ortiz Aguirre Víctor M.
Published: June 2017

El presente libro puede ser abordado desde diferentes perspectivas. Pero en cada caso, no deja de ser un trabajo que describe el surgimiento de un espacio, en el panorama urbano, caracterizado por una singularidad: se trata de una calle donde las expresiones comportamentales de la diversidad sexual son abiertamente toleradas.
Li-breves
Authors: Espacio Historia y
Published: June 2017

Breves descripciones de libros recientes en el campo de la Historia y en general en las Ciencias Sociales, las Humanidades y las Artes.
Obtención de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA) a partir de cultivos mixtos microbianos usando efluentes ricos en ácidos grasos volátiles como sustrato
Authors: Calero Rolando
Published: June 2017

La finalidad de este trabajo consiste en el estudio de bioreactores en la obtención de biopolímeros (polihidroxialkanoatos) de fuentes mixtas microbianas utilizando sueros de quesería de la industria láctea como sustrato. Para obtener polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) primero se partió de un proceso de enriquecimiento de la cepa bacteriana en un reactor aerobio secuencial (SBR) donde la flora microbiana se somete a un proceso de selección para poder alcanzar los máximos niveles de reserva del polímero. El sustrato utilizado es mayoritariamente ácidos grasos volátiles o de cadena corta obtenido en una etapa preliminar de tratamiento en un reactor anaerobio en donde el contenido de azucares del suero lácteo es sometido a un proceso de fermentación. Una vez enriquecida la flora bacteriana se estudia la producción de PHAs producido en otro reactor llamado reactor de alimentación. En este experimento se muestra  la capacidad de producción de PHA que alcanza el 42 % en comparación a la biomasa activa del lodo residual.Abstract The aim of this work is about the study of bioreactors in obtaining biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoate) by mixed microbial sources using cheese whey from the dairy industry as a substrate. To obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is necessary to start with  an enrichment process of the bacterial strain in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) where the microbial culture is subjected to a selection process in order to achieve the highest levels of polymer reserve. The substrate used is mainly compound of volatile short chain fatty obtained in a preliminary stage of treatment in an anaerobic reactor wherein the sugar content of the whey is subjected to a process of acids fermentation. Once enriched the bacterial cultures with great capacity of storage of PHAs, we proceed in other reactor process known as a Fed-Batch in order to obtain a maximum production of biopolymer. In this experiment the PHA obtaining was about 42% compared with  the activate biomass.
Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015
Authors: Anniballi Fabrizio , Auricchio Bruna , Fiore Alfonsina , Lonati Davide , Locatelli Carlo Alessandro , Lista Florigio , Fillo Silvia , Mandarino Giuseppina , De Medici Dario
Published: June 2017

Botulism is a rare but severe neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum toxins. Because of its high potential impact on public health, botulism is a closely monitored communicable disease in Europe. In Italy, which has one of the highest incidence rates in Europe (0.03 cases per 100,000 population), botulism is monitored through a case-based passive surveillance system: the front-line physician who diagnoses a suspected case must notify the Local Health Units immediately, and the Ministry of Health's office within 12 hours. From 1986 to 2015, 466 confirmed cases of botulism were recorded in Italy (of 1,257 suspected cases). Of these, 421 were food-borne (the most frequently seen form of botulism due to the consumption of improperly home-canned foods), 36 were infant botulism, which accounts for ca 50% of all these types of cases registered in Europe, six were wound-related and three were due to adult intestinal colonisation. This scenario suggests that stronger efforts should be made towards raising public awareness of the risk of food-borne botulism, especially with respect to home-preserved foods, as well as improving the training of front-line medical personnel, to ensure that a quick and accurate diagnosis of botulism can be made.
Induction of Cytotoxicity by Selected Nanoparticles in Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 Cells
Authors: Vidya P.V. , Chitra K.C.
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study is to analyze the cytotoxicity of selected nanoparticles on Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) cells using methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Four different metal oxide nanoparticles namely silicon dioxide (SiO2-NPs, 1 nm), aluminium oxide (Al2O3-NPs, 16.7 nm), titanium dioxide (TiO2-NPs, 11.4 nm) and iron oxide (Fe3O4-NPs, 15.65 nm) were exposed to CHO-K1 cells at 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml concentrations for 24 h maintaining the control group. The percentage of cell viability using methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed significant reduction in cell viability from 63.82 to 31.19% in SiO2-NPs, 96.68 to 34.14% in Al2O3-NPs, 65.69 to 14.32% in TiO2-NPs and 120.69 to 59.86% in Fe3O4-NPs when compared with the untreated cells. Assessment of cytotoxicity by using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay revealed that Al2O3–NPs showed more cytotoxicity followed by Fe3O4-NPs, TiO2-NPs and SiO2-NPs in concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that size and the composition of the nanoparticles could contribute to the relative cytotoxicity in CHO cells.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 203-207
Response of Wheat Cultivars in Different Agricultural Practices Differed by Sowing Date
Authors: Acharya Ramesh , Marahatta Santosh , Amgain Lal P
Published: June 2017

A field experiment with three wheat varieties at different sowing dates on two crop establishment methods was accomplished to identify the optimum sowing date at AFU Rampur during winter season of 2014/2015. Three wheat varieties namely: Tillotama, Danfe and Vijay sown on three dates: 14th November, 29th November, and 14th December under two crop establishment practices: Conservational and conventional agriculture were evaluated with strip –split plot design in three replications. The field data onyield attributes and yields were collected. Earlier sowing on 14th November gave the highest yield (3427.15 kg ha-1), total dry matter (8154.44 kg ha-1), with longest days to crop maturation (133.11 days). In case of varieties, Vijay gave the highest grain yield (3458.61 kg ha-1) and total dry weight (4456.11 and 8832.42 kg ha-1 respectively) with earliest days to heading and maturity. The straw yield was the highest for 29th November sowing (5821 kg ha-1) and for Danfe variety (5756 kg ha-1). Vijay variety recorded the highest test weight (43.60 g) and highest harvest index (35.89%) even though with the lowest effective tillers per square meter (320.83), it proved to be the most promising variety. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 250-255
Pre-operative anxiety amongst patients in a tertiary care hospital in India- a prevalence study
Authors: Vadhanan Prasanna , Tripaty Debendra Kumar , Balakrishnan Kiruthika
Published: June 2017

Background: The prospect of undergoing surgery under anaesthesia can induce significant anxiety in patients. Excess anxiety can lead to several deleterious effects like perioperative cardiac events, increased anaesthetic requirements, higher postoperative pain scores and prolonged hospital stay. Various factors can influence the anxiety levels during surgery. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anxiety in adult patients scheduled for surgery in a suburban teaching institute in India where the majority of patients belong to lower socioeconomic strata.Methods: One hundred consecutive patients scheduled for various elective surgeries were asked 6 questions according to the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information scale to assess their anxiety levels just before shifting into the Operating room. Probable contributing factors noted were age, sex, socioeconomic status, type of surgery, duration of hospital stay, and history of previous surgery. Any specific factors causing anxiety like failure or complications of surgery, recovery from anaesthesia, needle pricks were also asked with leading questions.Results: The overall prevalence of anxiety was 31%. The prevalence in male patients and female patients were 21.2% and 39.5% respectively. There was a moderate correlation between the anxiety scores and need to know scores. The effects of sex, previous surgery, the length of hospital stay were not significant upon the anxiety scores.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anxiety in the southern part of India was lower when compared to many of the reported studies; however, the prevalence was higher among the female patients.
Efficacy of tramadol as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Regmi Upendra Krishna , Sapkota Shanta
Published: June 2017

Background: The goal of postoperative analgesia is to minimise pain with least possible side effects and in our setting be as cost effective as possible. In children, caudal anaesthesia is typically combined with general anaesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Adjuvants can be added to local anaesthetics for prolonging the duration of analgesia. This study was done to find out the duration of analgesia of caudal Bupivacaine in combination with Tramadol.Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind, comparative study was done by taking a total of 60 patients, aged between 2 to 7 years undergoing elective lower abdominal, urological and lower extremity surgeries. The patients were randomized to group A (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and group B (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 1mg/kg of tramadol caudally. Duration of analgesia, hemodynamic responses and adverse effects were noted and analysed.Results: Thirty patients in both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data and hemodynamic response and were statistically non-significant (P>0.05). It was observed that the mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group B (467.5±164.5 min versus 240.5±69.4 min, P<0.001). One patient in each group had postoperative vomiting.Conclusion: Tramadol 1mg/kg as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal analgesia in children is effective in increasing the duration of analgesia without an increase of adverse effects.
The art and craft of scientific writing and critical appraisal of a research paper
Authors: Ghimire Bikal
Published: June 2017

Writing is an art and like any art form, it needs perseverance, dedication and practice. However, to write a good quality paper, the habit of reading scientific articles and analyzing them is very important. With the advent of internet and online publishing, we have access to colossal research articles on myriads of subjects making extraordinary conclusions.  Evidence based practice requires us to rely on literature for our clinical practice, and we have abundant publications on all aspects claiming to justify all sides of the argument. In this context it becomes more important for all in clinical practice to be able to dissect an article and analyze it in details.
Successful tracheal intubation with video laryngoscope when awake fiberoptic bronchoscopy failed in a patient with hypopharyngeal mass
Authors: Goyal Somnath , Kulkarni Anita
Published: June 2017

Video laryngoscope is one of best alternative in managing difficult airways. Our patient presented with left side neck pain and hoarseness of voice for three months, dysphagia to solids for two months. Computed tomography revealed large hypopharyngeal mass and a diagnosis of carcinoma of hypopharynx was made. As endoscopic Ryle’s tube insertion by gastroenterologist was unsuccessful so he was posted for Feeding jejunostomy under general anaesthesia. We anticipated difficult endotracheal intubation. Our first attempt to secure airway with awake fiberoptic bronchoscopic intubation was unsuccessful. Using an alternative method with bougie and video laryngoscopy, the trachea was successfully intubated. In rare clinical scenario fiberoptic bronchoscopic intubation may fail, hence we need to be prepared with the backup plan for airway management. A video laryngoscope might be useful in such situations.
Probing Physics in Vacuum Using an X-ray Free-Electron Laser, a High-Power Laser, and a High-Field Magnet
Authors: Inada Toshiaki , Yamazaki Takayuki , Yamaji Tomohiro , Seino Yudai , Fan Xing , Kamioka Shusei , Namba Toshio , Asai Shoji
Published: June 2017

A nonlinear interaction between photons is observed in a process that involves charge sources. To observe this process in a vacuum, there are a growing number of theoretical and experimental studies. This process may contain exotic contribution from new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, and is probed by experiments using a high-power laser or a high-field magnet, and more recently using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). Here, we review the present status of our experiments testing various vacuum processes. We describe four experiments with a focus on those using an XFEL: (i) photon–photon scattering in the X-ray region, (ii) laser-induced birefringence and diffraction of X rays, (iii) vacuum birefringence induced by a high-field magnet, and (iv) a dedicated search for axion-like particles using the magnet and X rays.
Effective Elastic Modulus of Structured Adhesives: From Biology to Biomimetics
Authors: Wang Xin , Tan Di , Zhang Xinyu , Lei Yifeng , Xue Longjian
Published: June 2017

Micro- and nano-hierarchical structures (lamellae, setae, branches, and spatulae) on the toe pads of many animals play key roles for generating strong but reversible adhesion for locomotion. The hierarchical structure possesses significantly reduced, effective elastic modulus (Eeff), as compared to the inherent elastic modulus (Einh) of the corresponding biological material (and therefore contributes to a better compliance with the counterpart surface). Learning from nature, three types of hierarchical structures (namely self-similar pillar structure, lamella–pillar hybrid structure, and porous structure) have been developed and investigated.
Networked Driving Simulation: Applications, State of the Art, and Design Considerations
Authors: Abdelgawad Kareem , Gausemeier Jürgen , Dumitrescu Roman , Grafe Michael , Stöcklein Jörg , Berssenbrügge Jan
Published: June 2017

Automotive manufacturers and suppliers develop new vehicle technologies to increase traffic safety and transportation efficiency. Autonomous and cooperative vehicle systems are crucial examples of such advanced technologies. The hustle to deploy these fascinating systems onto public roads increases as customer’s expectations rise. Networked driving simulation represents an effective virtual prototyping tool that can support the development, and hence, accelerate system deployment. In networked driving simulation, two or more human-driven virtual vehicles share the same environment and form a very close approximation of real-world traffic interactions. This emerged multi-interactive virtual environment can serve various applications related to the new vehicle technologies and the ever increasing traffic complexity. This paper introduces the promising applications of networked driving simulation and outlines the necessary system design requirements. In addition, the work presents an extensive literature review and evaluation of utilizations of networked driving simulation. Furthermore, three compelling systems of networked driving simulation are analyzed regarding their technical specifications and application scopes. The systems are compared and evaluated using the derived requirements. Finally, potential future work is revealed regarding the design of resilient networked driving simulation systems that can be tailored for possible changes of application requirements.