bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of endothelial glycocalyx injury biomarkers in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis
Authors: Ider Merve , Ceylan Ceylan , Naseri Amir , Ceylan Onur , Durgut Murat Kaan , Ok Mahmut , Iyigun Suleyman Serhat , Erol Busra Burcu , Sahin Hatice Betul , Kilickaya Merve Cansu
Published: June 2024

The present study aimed to investigate endothelial glycocalyx (eGCx) damage in cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis using selected biomarkers and to determine the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. The study included 25 cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and 10 healthy cats. Clinical examination, blood gas analysis, complete blood count, and biochemical analysis were performed. Hemotropic mycoplasmosis diagnosed by microscopic examination and molecularly confirmed by PCR targeting the Mycoplasma haemofelis 16s rRNA gene. To evaluate endothelial glycocalyx damage, syndecan-1, endothelin-1 (ET-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) concentrations were measured using cat-specific commercial ELISA kits. Of the cats with feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis, 14 (56%) survived and 11 (44%) died. While syndecan-1 and ET-1 concentrations were significantly higher in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis compared to the control group (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was found for ADMA and VEGF-A concentrations (p > 0.05). Endothelial glycocalyx biomarkers showed significant correlations with each other and with hematological parameters (p < 0.01). The results of the ROC analysis showed that ET-1 with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821 (p < 0.01) and VEGF-A with AUC of 0.805 (p < 0.010) were found to be significant prognostic indicators. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that serum syndecan-1 and ET-1 can be used as diagnostic and serum ET-1 and VEGF-A as prognostic biomarkers in cats with hemotropic mycoplasmosis. Our results indicate the development of eGCx damage in feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis and suggest that glycocalyx disruption may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
GREM2 inactivation increases trabecular bone mass in mice
Authors: Nilsson Karin H. , Henning Petra , Wu Jianyao , Sjögren Klara , Lerner Ulf H. , Ohlsson Claes , Movérare-Skrtic Sofia
Published: June 2024

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease affecting millions of individuals world-wide, with an increased risk of fracture, and a decreased quality of life. Despite its well-known consequences, the etiology of osteoporosis and optimal treatment methods are not fully understood. Human genetic studies have identified genetic variants within the FMN2/GREM2 locus to be associated with trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and vertebral and forearm fractures, but not with cortical bone parameters. GREM2 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. In this study, we employed Grem2-deficient mice to investigate whether GREM2 serves as the plausible causal gene for the fracture signal at the FMN2/GREM2 locus. We observed that Grem2 is moderately expressed in bone tissue and particularly in osteoblasts. Complete Grem2 gene deletion impacted mouse survival and body growth. Partial Grem2 inactivation in Grem2+/− female mice led to increased trabecular BMD of femur and increased trabecular bone mass in tibia due to increased trabecular thickness, with an unchanged cortical thickness, as compared with wildtype littermates. Furthermore, Grem2 inactivation stimulated osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by higher alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteocalcin (Bglap), and osterix (Sp7) mRNA expression after BMP-2 stimulation in calvarial osteoblasts and osteoblasts from the long bones of Grem2−/− mice compared to wildtype littermates. These findings suggest that GREM2 is a possible target for novel osteoporotic treatments, to increase trabecular bone mass and prevent osteoporotic fractures.
Molecular insights and antibody response to Dr20/22 in dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria repens
Authors: Pękacz Mateusz , Basałaj Katarzyna , Młocicki Daniel , Kamaszewski Maciej , Carretón Elena , Morchón Rodrigo , Wiśniewski Marcin , Zawistowska-Deniziak Anna
Published: June 2024

Subcutaneous dirofilariasis, caused by the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria repens, is a growing concern in Europe, affecting both dogs and humans. This study focused on D. repens Dr20/22, a protein encoded by an alt (abundant larval transcript) gene family. While well-documented in L3 larvae of other filariae species, this gene family had not been explored in dirofilariasis. The research involved cloning Dr20/22 cDNA, molecular characterization, and evaluating its potential application in the diagnosis of dirofilariasis. Although Real-Time analysis revealed mRNA expression in both adult worms and microfilariae, the native protein remained undetected in lysates from both developmental stages. This suggests the protein’s specificity for L3 larvae and may be related to a process called SLTS (spliced leader trans-splicing), contributing to stage-specific gene expression. The specificity of the antigen for invasive larvae positions it as a promising early marker for dirofilariasis. However, ELISA tests using sera from infected and uninfected dogs indicated limited diagnostic utility. While further research is required, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular and immunological aspects of host-parasite interactions and could offer insights into the parasite's strategies for evading the immune system.
Longitudinal soluble marker profiles reveal strong association between cytokine storms resulting from macrophage activation and disease severity in COVID-19 disease
Authors: van Meijgaarden Krista E. , van Veen Suzanne , Tsonaka Roula , Ruibal Paula , Roukens Anna H. E. , Arbous Sesmu M. , Manniën Judith , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , Joosten Simone A. ,   BEAT-COVID group, Arbous Sesmu M. , van den Berg Bernard M. , Cannegieter Suzanne , Cobbaert Christa M. , van der Does Anne M. , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Feltkamp Mariet C. W. , Geluk Annemieke , Goeman Jelle J. , Giera Martin , Hankemeier Thomas , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Hokke Cornelis H. , Janse Jacqueline J. , Jochems Simon P. , Kikkert Marjolein , Lamont Lieke , Pongrácz Tamás , del Prado Michael R. , Roestenberg Meta , Smits Hermelijn H. , Snijder Eric J. , Staal Frank J. T. , Trouw Leendert A. , Verhoeven Aswin , Visser Leo G. , de Vries Jutte J. C. , van Westerloo David J. , Wigbers Jeanette , van der Wijk Henk J. , van Wissen Robin C. , Wuhrer Manfred , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Zlei Mihaela ,   COVID-19 LUMC group, Oud Josine A. , Baysan Meryem , Wigbers Jeanette , van Heurn Lieke J. , ter Haar Susan B. , Toppenberg Alexandra G. L. , Heerdink Laura , van IJlzinga Veenstra Annekee A. , Eikenboom Anna M. , Wubbolts Julia M. , Uzorka Jonathan , Lijfering Willem , Meier Romy , de Jonge Ingeborg , Arbous Sesmu M. , de Boer Mark G. J. , van der Bom Anske G. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Rosendaal Frits
Published: June 2024

SARS-CoV2 infection results in a range of disease severities, but the underlying differential pathogenesis is still not completely understood. At presentation it remains difficult to estimate and predict severity, in particular, identify individuals at greatest risk of progression towards the most severe disease-states. Here we used advanced models with circulating serum analytes as variables in combination with daily assessment of disease severity using the SCODA-score, not only at single time points but also during the course of disease, to correlate analyte levels and disease severity. We identified a remarkably strong pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profile with high levels for sCD163, CCL20, HGF, CHintinase3like1 and Pentraxin3 in serum which correlated with COVID-19 disease severity and overall outcome. Although precise analyte levels differed, resulting biomarker profiles were highly similar at early and late disease stages, and even during convalescence similar biomarkers were elevated and further included CXCL3, CXCL6 and Osteopontin. Taken together, strong pro-inflammatory marker profiles were identified in patients with COVID-19 disease which correlated with overall outcome and disease severity.
PD-L1 expression in squamous cervical carcinomas of Mozambican women living with or without HIV
Authors: Lovane Lucília , Tulsidás Satish , Carrilho Carla , Karlsson Christina
Published: June 2024

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in squamous cervical cancer (SCC) and can be used for targeted immunotherapy. The highest mortality rates of SCC are reported in sub-Saharan Africa, where Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence is high. In Mozambique most SCC patients present at advanced stages. Thus, there is a need to introduce new treatment options. However, immunocompromised patients were frequently excluded in previous clinical trials. Our aim was to determine if PD-L1 expression in SCC is as prevalent among women living with HIV (WLWH) as among other patients. 575 SCC from Maputo Central Hospital were included. HIV status was available in 266 (46%) cases PD-L1 expression was scored through tumour proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). PD-L1 was positive in 20.1% of the cases (n = 110), TPS (score ≥ 25%) and in 26.3% (n = 144), CPS (score ≥ 1). Stratifying according to the HIV status, WLWH were TPS positive in 16.7%, compared to 20.9%, p = 0.43, and concerning CPS 21.1% versus 28.7%, p = 0.19, respectively. PD-L1 status was not influenced by stage, Ki-67 or p16, CD8 expression influenced only CPS status. Our data indicates that the documented effect of PD-L1 therapy on SCC should be confirmed in randomized clinical trials in an HIV endemic milieu.
Revolutionizing outcomes: endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage using innovative electrocautery enhanced-lumen apposing metal stents for high-risk surgical patients
Authors: Chon Hyung Ku , Lee Yun Chae , Kim Tae Hyeon , Lee Seung Ok , Kim Seong-Hun
Published: June 2024

This study retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) using novel electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis (AC). Between January 1, 2021, and November 30, 2022, 58 high-risk surgical patients with AC underwent EUS-GBD with the novel electrocautery-enhanced LAMS. The technical success rate was 94.8% (55/58), with one case of duodenal perforation requiring surgery with complete stent migration and two of partial stent migration into the gallbladder. However, the clinical success rate was 100% (55/55). Recurrent AC occurred in 3.6% of the cases (2/55), managed with double pigtail plastic stents through the LAMS. Early AEs observed in 1.8% (1/55) due to stent obstruction. Late AEs occurred in 5.4% (3/55), including two cases of cholangitis and one of stent obstruction. For 33 patients followed over 6 months, LAMS maintenance was sustained in 30 cases. Two patients underwent double-pigtail plastic stent replacement after LAMS removal, and one underwent LAMS removal during surgery following tumor stage regression after chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. The novel electrocautery-enhanced LAMS demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates in high-risk surgical patients with AC, maintaining effective gallbladder drainage with minimal AEs during long-term follow-up, thus highlighting its efficacy and safety in challenging patients.
Passive flow-field control using dimples for improved aerodynamic flow over a wing
Authors: Ali Haris , Rasani Mohammad Rasidi , Harun Zambri , Shahid Muhammad Ashhad
Published: June 2024

This study explores the efficacy of dimples in influencing the aerodynamic performance of a straight rectangular wing. Computational Fluid Dynamics based numerical simulations were performed to model turbulent flow and quantify the forces exerted on the wing. The k-ω Shear-Stress Transport turbulence model was chosen to solve the underlying equations. To ascertain reliability, the results of numerical simulations were compared with both experimental and simulation results of the previous studies. The impact of various dimple configurations, placed at 15%, 50% and 85% of the chord length, on the aerodynamic performance of the wing was investigated. The evaluation involved analyzing the drag coefficient (CD), lift coefficient (CL), lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio, streamlines and the flow field around wing in both chordwise and spanwise directions. The findings indicated that a wing with a dimpled surface could yield a reduced drag coefficient of up to 6.6% compared to the unmodified wing. This reduction is attributed to the dimples ability to sustain attached airflow and delay flow separation. The results demonstrated negligible deviation in the lift coefficient with the incorporation of dimples. The incorporation of dimples on the wing surface has been demonstrated to enhance the aerodynamic performance of lifting surfaces.
Characterization of two different alginate-based bioinks and the influence of melanoma growth within
Authors: Schipka Raphael , Heltmann-Meyer Stefanie , Schneidereit Dominik , Friedrich Oliver , Röder Jonas , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Schrüfer Stefan , Schubert Dirk W. , Horch Raymund E. , Bosserhoff Anja K. , Arkudas Andreas , Kengelbach-Weigand Annika , Schmid Rafael
Published: June 2024

Extrusion-based bioprinting is an established method in biofabrication. Suitable bioinks have fundamentally different compositions and characteristics, which should be examined, in order to find a perfect model system. Here, we investigate the effect of two alginate-based, yet unalike 3D-printed bioinks, pre-crosslinked alginate-dialdehyde gelatin (ADA-GEL) and a mixture of alginate, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin (Alg/HA/Gel), on the melanoma cell line Mel Im and vice versa in terms of stiffness, shrinkage, cellular behavior and colony formation over 15 days. Rheological stiffness measurements revealed two soft gels with similar storage moduli. The cells did not have a significant impact on the overall stiffness, whereas ADA-GEL (2.5/2.5%) was significantly stiffer than Alg/HA/Gel (0.5/0.1/3%). Regarding the shrinkage of printed constructs, cells had a significant influence, especially in ADA-GEL, which has covalent bonds between the oxidized alginate and gelatin. Multi-photon microscopy exhibited proliferation, cell spreading and migration in ADA-GEL with cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction, dissimilarly to Alg/HA/Gel, in which cells formed spherical, encapsulated colonies. Scanning electron microscopy and histology showed degradation and multi-layered growth on ADA-GEL and fewer examples of escaped cells on Alg/HA/Gel. Both gels serve as proliferation bioink for melanoma with more necrosis in deeper Alg/HA/Gel colonies and differences in spreading and matrix interaction. These findings show the importance of proper characterization of the bioinks for different applications.
The SCREENIVF Hungarian version is a valid and reliable measure accurately predicting possible depression in female infertility patients
Authors: Szigeti F. Judit , Sexty Réka E. , Szabó Georgina , Kazinczi Csaba , Kéki Zsuzsanna , Sipos Miklós , Ujma Péter Przemyslaw , Purebl György
Published: June 2024

Infertility patients, often in high distress, are entitled to being informed about their mental status compared to normative data. The objective of this study was to revalidate and test the accuracy of the SCREENIVF, a self-reported tool for screening psychological maladjustment in the assisted reproduction context. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online survey was carried out between December 2019 and February 2023 in a consecutive sample of female patients (N = 645, response rate 22.9%) in a university-based assisted reproduction center in Hungary. Confirmatory factor analysis and cluster and ROC analyses were applied to test validity, sensitivity and specificity in relation to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. Model fit was optimal (chi-square = 630.866, p < 0.001; comparative fit index = 0.99; root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.018 (90% CI 0.013–0.023); standardized-root-mean-square-residual = 0.044), and all dimensions were reliable (α > 0.80). A specific combination of cutoffs correctly predicted 87.4% of BDI-scores possibly indicative of moderate-to-severe depression (χ2(1) = 220.608, p < 0.001, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.462, J = 66.4). The Hungarian version of the SCREENIVF is a valid and reliable tool, with high accuracy in predicting BDI-scores. Low response rate may affect generalizability. The same instrument with different cutoffs can serve various clinical goals.
Machine learning survival prediction using tumor lipid metabolism genes for osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Shuai , Zheng Zhenzhong , Wang Bing
Published: June 2024

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor that commonly affects children and adolescents, with a poor prognosis. The existence of tumor heterogeneity leads to different molecular subtypes and survival outcomes. Recently, lipid metabolism has been identified as a critical characteristic of cancer. Therefore, our study aims to identify osteosarcoma's lipid metabolism molecular subtype and develop a signature for survival outcome prediction. Four multicenter cohorts—TARGET-OS, GSE21257, GSE39058, and GSE16091—were amalgamated into a unified Meta-Cohort. Through consensus clustering, novel molecular subtypes within Meta-Cohort patients were delineated. Subsequent feature selection processes, encompassing analyses of differentially expressed genes between subtypes, univariate Cox analysis, and StepAIC, were employed to pinpoint biomarkers related to lipid metabolism in TARGET-OS. We selected the most effective algorithm for constructing a Lipid Metabolism-Related Signature (LMRS) by utilizing four machine-learning algorithms reconfigured into ten unique combinations. This selection was based on achieving the highest concordance index (C-index) in the test cohort of GSE21257, GSE39058, and GSE16091. We identified two distinct lipid metabolism molecular subtypes in osteosarcoma patients, C1 and C2, with significantly different survival rates. C1 is characterized by increased cholesterol, fatty acid synthesis, and ketone metabolism. In contrast, C2 focuses on steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid, and glycerolipid and linoleic acid metabolism. Feature selection in the TARGET-OS identified 12 lipid metabolism genes, leading to a model predicting osteosarcoma patient survival. The LMRS, based on the 12 identified genes, consistently accurately predicted prognosis across TARGET-OS, testing cohorts, and Meta-Cohort. Incorporating 12 published signatures, LMRS showed robust and significantly superior predictive capability. Our results offer a promising tool to enhance the clinical management of osteosarcoma, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes.
Identifying the origin of springs in weathered-fractured crystalline aquifers using a hydrogeophysical approach
Authors: Kouassi Kouassi Jean-Michel , Lachassagne Patrick , Mangoua Oi Mangoua Jules , Sombo Abé Parfait , Dibi Brou
Published: June 2024

Over the last few decades, important advances have been made in the development of relevant hydrogeological conceptual models for crystalline aquifers, and notably for weathered-fractured crystalline aquifers. Paradoxically and contrary to other types of aquifers, these researches never aimed at characterizing springs, the places were groundwater naturally outflows from such aquifers. With such an objective, our methodological approach consisted first of a lithological and hydrogeological description of the aquifer system based on borehole data and outcrops in a representative weathered-fractured crystalline aquifer (Daloa, Ivory Coast). Next, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been used (after validating the appropriate inversion method) to provide the imagery of the weathering profile both below the plateaus and in the valleys where the springs outflow. Piezometric and river discharge data were also processed notably to determine the direction of groundwater flow. Results demonstrate unambiguously that the isalterites aquifer supplies the springs, and that the underlying fractured layer is not directly implied in this supply. ERT combined with borehole and field lithological data also shows that the lateritic formations (alloterites) present near surface below the plateaus, as well as the upper part of the isalterites, were eroded in the valleys, but not deep enough to let the fractured layer outcrop. This conceptual model for springs not only provides a basis for characterizing such complex aquifers, but also provides technical guidance for spring catchment and groundwater protection in these crystalline areas.
A Bacillus velezensis strain isolated from oats with disease-preventing and growth-promoting properties
Authors: Cheng Chao , Su Shaofeng , Bo Suling , Zheng Chengzhong , Liu Chunfang , Zhang Linchong , Xu Songhe , Wang Xiaoyun , Gao Pengfei , Fan Kongxi , He Yiwei , Zhou Di , Gong Yanchun , Zhong Gang , Liu Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

Endophytes have been shown to promote plant growth and health. In the present study, a Bacillus velezensis CH1 (CH1) strain was isolated and identified from high-quality oats, which was capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and strong biofilms, and capabilities in the nitrogen-fixing and iron carriers. CH1 has a 3920 kb chromosome with 47.3% GC content and 3776 code genes. Compared genome analysis showed that the largest proportion of the COG database was metabolism-related (44.79%), and 1135 out of 1508 genes were associated with the function “biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism of secondary metabolites.” Furthermore, thirteen gene clusters had been identified in CH1, which were responsible for the synthesis of fifteen secondary metabolites that exhibit antifungal and antibacterial properties. Additionally, the strain harbors genes involved in plant growth promotion, such as seven putative genes for IAA production, spermidine and polyamine synthase genes, along with multiple membrane-associated genes. The enrichment of these functions was strong evidence of the antimicrobial properties of strain CH1, which has the potential to be a biofertilizer for promoting oat growth and disease resistance.
Equivalent analytical model for liquid sloshing in a 2-D rectangular container with multiple vertical baffles by subdomain partition approach
Authors: Sun Ying , Meng Xun , Zhang Zhong , Gu Zhenyuan , Wang Jiadong , Zhou Ding
Published: June 2024

An equivalent analytical model of sloshing in a two-dimensional (2-D) rigid rectangular container equipped with multiple vertical baffles is presented. Firstly, according to the subdomain partition approach, the total liquid domain is partitioned into subdomains with the pure interface and boundary conditions. The separation of variables is utilized to achieve the velocity potential for subdomains. Then, sloshing characteristics are solved according to continuity and free surface conditions. According to the mode orthogonality of sloshing, the governing motion equation for sloshing under horizontal excitation is given by introducing generalized time coordinates. Besides, by producing the same hydrodynamic shear and overturning moment as those from the original container-liquid-baffle system, a mass-spring analytical model of the continuous liquid sloshing is established. The equivalent masses and corresponding locations are presented in the model. The feasibility of the present approach is verified by conducting comparative investigations. Finally, by utilizing normalized equivalent model parameters, the sloshing behaviors of the baffled container are investigated regarding baffle positions and heights as well as the liquid height, respectively.
Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression in the heart after myocardial infarction and cardioprotective effect of pre-ischemic rGDF15 administration
Authors: Dogon Geoffrey , Rigal Eve , Potel Eliot , Josse Marie , Rochette Luc , Bejot Yannick , Vergely Catherine
Published: June 2024

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is considered an unfavourable prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular disease in clinical data, while experimental studies suggest it has cardioprotective potential. This study focuses on the direct cardiac effects of GDF15 during ischemia–reperfusion injury in Wistar male rats, employing concentrations relevant to patients at high cardiovascular risk. Initially, we examined circulating levels and heart tissue expression of GDF15 in rats subjected to ischemia–reperfusion and sham operations in vivo. We then evaluated the cardiac effects of GDF15 both in vivo and ex vivo, administering recombinant GDF15 either before 30 min of ischemia (preconditioning) or at the onset of reperfusion (postconditioning). We compared infarct size and cardiac contractile recovery between control and rGDF15-treated rats. Contrary to our expectations, ischemia–reperfusion did not increase GDF15 plasma levels compared to sham-operated rats. However, cardiac protein and mRNA expression increased in the infarcted zone of the ischemic heart after 24 h of reperfusion. Notably, preconditioning with rGDF15 had a cardioprotective effect, reducing infarct size both in vivo (65 ± 5% in control vs. 42 ± 6% in rGDF15 groups) and ex vivo (60 ± 4% in control vs. 45 ± 4% in rGDF15 groups), while enhancing cardiac contractile recovery ex vivo. However, postconditioning with rGDF15 did not alter infarct size or the recovery of contractile parameters in vivo or ex vivo. These novel findings reveal that the short-term exogenous administration of rGDF15 before ischemia, at physiologically relevant levels, protects the heart against ischemia–reperfusion injury in both in vivo and ex vivo settings. The ex vivo results indicate that rGDF15 operates independently of the inflammatory, endocrine and nervous systems, suggesting direct and potent cardioprotective properties against ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Maturation of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) on polycaprolactone and polyurethane nanofibrous mats
Authors: Iwoń Zuzanna , Krogulec Ewelina , Tarnowska Inez , Łopianiak Iwona , Wojasiński Michał , Dobrzyń Agnieszka , Jastrzębska Elżbieta
Published: June 2024

Investigating the potential of human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) in in vitro heart models is essential to develop cardiac regenerative medicine. iPSC-CMs are immature with a fetal-like phenotype relative to cardiomyocytes in vivo. Literature indicates methods for enhancing the structural maturity of iPSC-CMs. Among these strategies, nanofibrous scaffolds offer more accurate mimicry of the functioning of cardiac tissue structures in the human body. However, further research is needed on the use of nanofibrous mats to understand their effects on iPSC-CMs. Our research aimed to evaluate the suitability of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous mats with different elasticities as materials for the maturation of iPSC-CMs. Analysis of cell morphology and orientation and the expression levels of selected genes and proteins were performed to determine the effect of the type of nanofibrous mats on the maturation of iPSC-CMs after long-term (10-day) culture. Understanding the impact of 3D structural properties in in vitro cardiac models on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation is crucial for advancing cardiac tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because it can help optimize conditions for obtaining more mature and functional human cardiomyocytes.
Decomposition of physical processes controlling EASM precipitation changes during the mid-Piacenzian: new insights into data–model integration
Authors: Sun Yong , Wu Haibin , Ding Lin , Chen Lixin , Stepanek Christian , Zhao Yan , Tan Ning , Su Baohuang , Yuan Xiayu , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Bo , Hunter Stephen , Haywood Alan , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Contoux Camille , Lunt Daniel J. , Dolan Aisling , Chandan Deepak , Lohmann Gerrit , Dowsett Harry , Tindall Julia , Baatsen Michiel , Peltier W. Richard , Li Qiang , Feng Ran , Salzmann Ulrich , Chan Wing-Le , Zhang Zhongshi , Williams Charles J. R. , Ramstein Gilles
Published: June 2024

The mid-Piacenzian warm period (MPWP, ~3.264–3.025 Ma) has gained widespread interest due to its partial analogy with future climate. However, quantitative data–model comparison of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation during the MPWP is relatively rare, especially due to problems in decoding the imprint of physical processes to climate signals in the records. In this study, pollen-based precipitation records are reconstructed and compared to the multi-model ensemble mean of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). We find spatially consistent precipitation increase in most simulations but a spatially divergent change in MPWP records. We reconcile proxy data and simulation by decomposing physical processes that control precipitation. Our results 1) reveal thermodynamic control of an overall enhancement of EASM precipitation and 2) highlight a distinct control of thermodynamic and dynamical processes on increases of tropical and subtropical EASM precipitation, reflecting the two pathways of water vapor supply that enhance EASM precipitation, respectively.
Rapid differentiation of xylazine metabolites using SLIM IM-MS
Authors: Aderorho Ralph , Lucas Shadrack Wilson , Chouinard Christopher D.
Published: June 2024

Xylazine represents an increased threat to the recreational drug market.
Spirobifluorene-based conjugated microporous polymer embedded with N-hydroxyphthalimide as a synergistic photocatalyst for selective solvent-dependent aerobic oxidations
Authors: Fan Tao , Fang Lei , Yin Ying , Wu Guocai , Xu Hui , Li Liangchun
Published: June 2024

N-Hydroxyphthalimide organocatalytic sites are embedded into a spirobifluorene-based conjugated microporous polymer for developing a synergistic green and selective photocatalytic system governed by O2˙−, 1O2, and phthalimide N-oxyl radicals.
Progress in mercury-free catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Qiao Xingyue , Zhao Zhi-Hao , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2024

Developing mercury-free catalysts for efficient acetylene hydrochlorination to produce vinyl chloride monomer is crucial for the environment, human health and sustainability.
Bacillus halotolerans attenuates inflammation induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in vivo and in vitro based on its metabolite soyasaponin I regulating the p105-Tpl2-ERK pathway
Authors: Li Minghan , Zhao Dongyu , Meng Jinxin , Pan Tianxu , Li Junyi , Guo Jialin , Huang Haibin , Wang Nan , Zhang Di , Wang Chunfeng , Yang Guilian
Published: June 2024

Soyasaponins, recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, have not yet been fully explored for their role in combating enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections.
Perspectives on facilitating natural gas and hydrogen storage in clathrate hydrates under a static system
Authors: Lee Wonhyeong , Kim Kwangbum , Lee Jeongwoo , Ahn Yun-Ho , Lee Jae W.
Published: June 2024

In this review, we present a comprehensive strategies for overcoming hurdles to store hydrogen and natural gas in the clathrate hydrate media under a static system.
Harnessing the benzyne insertion consequence to enable π-extended pyrido-acridine and quinazolino-phenanthridine
Authors: Ghosh Swarnali , Das Dwaipayan , Mandal Rahul Dev , Das Asish R.
Published: June 2024

Protocols have been devised for π-extended pyrido-acridines and quinazolino-phenanthridines, applying Rh(iii)- and Pd(ii)-mediated catalytic courses. The parent compounds are realized from 2-aminobenzonitrile and apposite benzyne precursor respectively.
Influence of steric hindrance on the 1,4- versus 1,6-Michael addition: synthesis of furans and pentasubstituted benzenes
Authors: Rana Shally , Shaw Ranjay , Pratap Ramendra
Published: June 2024

We described the influence of steric hindrance on the 1,4- versus 1,6-Michael addition reaction on 2-(3,3-bis(methylthio)-1-arylallylidene)malononitriles.
Correction: Exploring the potential as molecular quantum-dot cellular automata of a mixed-valence Ru2 complex deposited on a Au(111) surface
Authors: Montenegro-Pohlhammer Nicolás , Palomino Carlos M. , Calzado Carmen J.
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Exploring the potential as molecular quantum-dot cellular automata of a mixed-valence Ru2 complex deposited on a Au(111) surface’ by Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer et al., Inorg. Chem. Front., 2023, 10, 2484–2492, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2QI02647C.
Liquid phase selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde using pure and Mg-doped copper chromite catalysts
Authors: Jagadeesan S. , Prathipa V. , Ragupathi C. , Ramalingam G. , Narayanan S. , Tamizhdurai P. , Rajendran A. , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Albakri Ghadah Shukri , Abbas Mohamed , Alreshidi Maha Awjan
Published: June 2024

Mg-doped copper chromite (CuCr2O4) nanocomposites were synthesised through conventional technique.
Green processing via surface diffuse atmospheric plasma to enhance the dyeing performance on polylactic acid fabric
Authors: Yang Linfeng , Sun Junhan , He Zengyi , Hao Dezhao , Feng Yaping , Dai Haoyu , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2024

A green, efficient, and continuous method to modify polylactic acid fiber with functional groups via surface diffuse atmospheric plasma for the improvement of hydrophilicity and dyeing performance, including color strength and fastness, is reported.
Exploring the latest trends in chemistry, structure, coordination, and diverse applications of 1-acyl-3-substituted thioureas: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ullah Sayyed Aqib , Saeed Aamer , Azeem Muhammad , Haider Mian Bilal , Erben Mauricio F.
Published: June 2024

This literature update is a continuation of our efforts to compile comprehensive data on research endeavors concerning acyl thioureas over the past two years.
Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites and their mechanical properties in epoxy compositions
Authors: Jeon Sugyeong , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Hyeon-Gook , Tayebi Meysam , Yu Seoyoon , Kim Jong-Hyun , Seo Bongkuk , Lim Choongsun , Ko Weon Bae
Published: June 2024

Thermoset epoxy resins are widely used in research and commercial applications.
Optimization of the catalytic production of methyl stearate by applying response surface Box–Behnken design: an intensified green option for high-cetane biofuel manufacture
Authors: Reyes-Cruz Federico Manuel , Santamaría-Juárez Juana Deisy , Sánchez-Cantú Manuel , Quintana-Solórzano Roberto
Published: June 2024

To enhance the efficiency of processes by decreasing the reaction severity and energy consumption and reducing the equipment size, facilities' space and operation cost, process intensification is an increasingly used option in the chemical industry.
High-strength thermochromic and mechanochromic liquid-crystal elastomers with responsive shape memory and dynamic adhesion
Authors: Li Lu , Yin Xi , Zhao Yu-Xi , Shi Ling-Ying , Yang Ke-Ke , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: June 2024

Versatile CLCEs with a loosely crosslinking density were developed, which exhibit exceptional high mechanical performances and responsive functionalities including thermochromic, mechanochromic, shape memory, and dynamic adhesion behaviors.
π-Distorted charge transfer chromophores and their materials chemistry in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Raheem Abbasriyaludeen Abdul , Praveen Chandrasekar
Published: June 2024

This review covers the chemistry and material aspects of TCBD/DCNQ-based π-twisted charge-transfer chromophores for utilization as bulk heterojunctions in organic solar cells.
Should We Stop Using Lexical Diversity Measures in Children's Language Sample Analysis?
Authors: Ratner Nan Bernstein , Han Youngjin , Yang Ji Seung
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Prior work has identified weaknesses in commonly used indices of lexical diversity in spoken language samples, such as type–token ratio (TTR) due to sample size and elicitation variation, we explored whether TTR and other diversity measures, such as number of different words/100 (NDW), vocabulary diversity (VocD), and the moving average TTR would be more sensitive to child age and clinical status (typically developing [TD] or developmental language disorder [DLD]) if samples were obtained from standardized prompts.

Method:

We utilized archival data from the norming samples of the Test of Narrative Language and the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument. We examined lexical diversity and other linguistic properties of the samples, from a total of 1,048 children, ages 4–11 years; 798 of these were considered TD, whereas 250 were categorized as having a language learning disorder.

Results:

TTR was the least sensitive to child age or diagnostic group, with good potential to misidentify children with DLD as TD and TD children as having DLD. Growth slopes of NDW were shallow and not very sensitive to diagnostic grouping. The strongest performing measure was VocD. Mean length of utterance, TNW, and verbs/utterance did show both good growth trajectories and ability to distinguish between clinical and typical samples.

Conclusions:

This study, the largest and best controlled to date, re-affirms that TTR should not be used in clinical decision making with children. A second popular measure, NDW, is not measurably stronger in terms of its psychometric properties. Because the most sensitive measure of lexical diversity, VocD, is unlikely to gain popularity because of reliance on computer-assisted analysis, we suggest alternatives for the appraisal of children's expressive vocabulary skill.
An apparent inductance online identification for sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Yang Ge , Weizhang Song , Wheeler Patrick , Yang Yang
Published: June 2024

The model‐based sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) relies on the motor parameters. In practice, the considerable uncertainty of inductance and the difference between the apparent inductance and the incremental inductance exists. To overcome it, an online apparent inductance identification method for PMSM sensorless control is proposed. First, an initial incremental inductance table (IIT) is obtained offline. Then, an asymmetric high‐frequency square wave injection method is proposed to identify the incremental inductance at the operation point, and an adaptive minimum adjustment algorithm is proposed to adjust IIT automatically. Finally, the apparent inductance is calculated using the adjusted IIT. Based on it, the complete PMSM sensorless control is designed. The experimental results indicate this method is feasible and effective.
Wireless sensor network coverage optimization based on novel multi‐strategy gold rush optimizer
Authors: Kong Weibin , Cai Xin , Du Yi , Jia Baomin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Lei , Cheng Ziyao , Shan Linyuan
Published: June 2024

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), there are three conflicting important issues, including extensive coverage, low node redundancy, and energy consumption for secondary deployment. To balance network coverage and longevity, a WSN coverage model with three objectives is developed. A novel multi‐strategy gold rush optimizer is proposed for the coverage optimization problem in WSN. First, the fusion search method becomes extensive and flexible by combining the migration strategy with the Levy flight mechanism and joining a follower group. Then, the dynamic opposite learning strategy is used to increase population diversity in the panning stage. In addition, a multi‐player collaborative strategy is utilized to improve search ability of the algorithm in the collaboration stage. Finally, the random differential mutation method is used to try to assist the algorithm in escaping local optima. The simulation results show that this algorithm compared with other algorithms performs better on all three objectives considered.
Red eminence: The intermediate-luminosity red transient AT 2022fnm
Authors: Moran S. , Kotak R. , Fraser M. , Pastorello A. , Cai Y.-Z. , Valerin G. , Mattila S. , Cappellaro E. , Kravtsov T. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Elias-Rosa N. , Reguitti A. , Lundqvist P. , Filippenko A. V. , Brink T. G. , Wang X.-F.
Published: June 2024

We present results from a five-month-long observing campaign of the unusual transient AT 2022fnm, which displays properties common to both luminous red novae (LRNe) and intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs). Although its photometric evolution is broadly consistent with that of LRNe, no second peak is apparent in its light curve, and its spectral properties are more reminiscent of ILRTs. It has a fairly rapid rise time of 5.3 ± 1.5 d, reaching a peak absolute magnitude of −12.7 ± 0.1 (in the ATLAS o band). We find some evidence for circumstellar interaction, and a near-infrared excess becomes apparent at approximately +100 d after discovery. We attribute this to a dust echo. Finally, from an analytical diffusion toy model, we attempted to reproduce the pseudo-bolometric light curve and find that a mass of ∼4 M⊙ is needed. Overall, the characteristics of AT 2022fnm are consistent with a weak stellar eruption or an explosion reminiscent of low-energy type IIP supernovae, which is compatible with expectations for ILRTs.
Feedback-free starbursts at cosmic dawn
Authors: Li Zhaozhou , Dekel Avishai , Sarkar Kartick C. , Aung Han , Giavalisco Mauro , Mandelker Nir , Tacchella Sandro
Published: June 2024

Aims. We extend the analysis of a physical model within the standard cosmology that robustly predicts a high star-formation efficiency (SFE) in massive galaxies at cosmic dawn due to feedback-free starbursts (FFBs). This model implies an excess of bright galaxies at z​ ≳ ​10 compared to the standard models based on the low SFE at later epochs, an excess that is indicated by JWST observations.

Methods. Here we provide observable predictions of galaxy properties based on the analytic FFB scenario. These can be compared with simulations and JWST observations. We use the model to approximate the SFE as a function of redshift and mass, assuming a maximum SFE of ϵmax​ = ​0.2 − 1 in the FFB regime. From this, we derive the evolution of the galaxy mass and luminosity functions as well as the cosmological evolution of stellar and star-formation densities. We then predict the star-formation history (SFH), galaxy sizes, outflows, gas fractions, metallicities, and dust attenuation, all as functions of mass and redshift in the FFB regime.

Results. The major distinguishing feature of the model is the occurrence of FFBs above a mass threshold that declines with redshift. The luminosities and star formation rates in bright galaxies are predicted to be in excess of extrapolations of standard empirical models and standard cosmological simulations, an excess that grows from z​ ∼ ​9 to higher redshifts. The FFB phase of ∼100 Myr is predicted to show a characteristic SFH that fluctuates on a timescale of ∼10 Myr. The stellar systems are compact (Re​ ∼ ​0.3 kpc at z​ ∼ ​10 and declining with z). The galactic gas consists of a steady wind driven by supernovae from earlier generations, with high outflow velocities (FWHM​ ∼ ​1400 − 6700 km s−1), low gas fractions (< 0.1), low metallicities (≲0.1 Z⊙), and low dust attenuation (AUV​ ∼ ​0.5 at z​ ∼ ​10 and declining with z). We make tentative comparisons with current JWST observations for initial insights, anticipating more complete and reliable datasets for detailed quantitative comparisons in the future. The FFB predictions are also offered in digital form.
Hydrodynamic simulations of cool stellar atmospheres with MANCHA
Authors: García A. Perdomo , Vitas N. , Khomenko E. , Collados M.
Published: June 2024

Context. Three-dimensional time-dependent simulations of stellar atmospheres are essential to study the surface of stars other than the Sun. These simulations require the opacity binning method to reduce the computational cost of solving the radiative transfer equation down to viable limits. The method depends on a series of free parameters, among which the location and number of bins are key to set the accuracy of the resulting opacity.

Aims. Our aim is to test how different binning strategies previously studied in one-dimensional models perform in three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamic simulations of stellar atmospheres.

Methods. Realistic box-in-a-star simulations of the near-surface convection and photosphere of three spectral types (G2V, K0V, and M2V) were run with the MANCHA code with grey opacity. After reaching the stationary state, one snapshot of each of the three stellar simulations was used to compute the radiative energy exchange rate with grey opacity, opacity binned in four τ-bins, and opacity binned in 18 {τ, λ}-bins. These rates were compared with the ones computed with opacity distribution functions. Then, stellar simulations were run with grey, four-bin, and 18-bin opacities to see the impact of the opacity setup on the mean stratification of the temperature and its gradient after time evolution.

Results. The simulations of main sequence cool stars with the MANCHA code are consistent with those in the literature. For the three stars, the radiative energy exchange rates computed with 18 bins are remarkably close to the ones computed with the opacity distribution functions. The rates computed with four bins are similar to the rates computed with 18 bins, and present a significant improvement with respect to the rates computed with the Rosseland opacity, especially above the stellar surface. The Rosseland mean can reproduce the proper rates in sub-surface layers, but produces large errors for the atmospheric layers of the G2V and K0V stars. In the case of the M2V star, the Rosseland mean fails even in sub-surface layers, owing to the importance of the contribution from molecular lines in the opacity, underestimated by the harmonic mean. Similar conclusions are reached studying the mean stratification of the temperature and its gradient after time evolution.
Late-time constraints on interacting dark energy: Analysis independent ofH0,rd, andMB
Authors: Benisty David , Pan Supriya , Staicova Denitsa , Di Valentino Eleonora , Nunes Rafael C.
Published: June 2024

We investigated a possible interaction between cold dark matter and dark energy, corresponding to a well-known interacting dark energy model discussed in the literature within the context of resolving the Hubble tension. We put constraints on it in a novel way, by creating new likelihoods with an analytical marginalization over the Hubble parameterH0, the sound horizonrd, and the supernova absolute magnitudeMB. Our aim is to investigate the impacts on the coupling parameter of the interacting model,ξ, and the equation of state of dark energywand the matter density parameter Ωm, 0. The late-time cosmological probes used in our analysis include the PantheonPlus (calibrated and uncalibrated), cosmic chronometers, and baryon acoustic oscillation samples and the Pantheon for comparison. Through various combinations of these datasets, we demonstrate hints of an up to 2σdeviation from the standard Λ cold dark matter model.
Research on the Design Methods for Green Renovation of Existing Buildings in Lingnan Region
Authors: Liang Haixiu , Gao Xinyuan , Wang Ding , Zhao Yihang
Published: June 2024

China’s urbanization has entered a new stage with the promotion of “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals” and “Urban Renewal Strategy”. Problems such as poor comfort, high energy consumption and unreasonable functions of existing buildings have attracted extensive attention from society. The climate-adapted human environment created by traditional buildings in the Lingnan region offers insights for the green transformation of buildings in this area. This paper summarizes the wisdom from the climate-adaptive construction of traditional buildings in Lingnan region, and proposes a green transformation design scheme that meets the requirements of energy efficiency and comfort, which provides a reference for the green renovation design of existing buildings.