bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Corrigendum: Double-flow focused liquid injector for efficient serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Oberthuer Dominik , Knoška Juraj , Wiedorn Max O. , Beyerlein Kenneth R. , Bushnell David A. , Kovaleva Elena G. , Heymann Michael , Gumprecht Lars , Kirian Richard A. , Barty Anton , Mariani Valerio , Tolstikova Aleksandra , Adriano Luigi , Awel Salah , Barthelmess Miriam , Dörner Katerina , Xavier P. Lourdu , Yefanov Oleksandr , James Daniel R. , Nelson Garrett , Wang Dingjie , Calvey George , Chen Yujie , Schmidt Andrea , Szczepek Michael , Frielingsdorf Stefan , Lenz Oliver , Snell Edward , Robinson Philip J. , Šarler Božidar , Belšak Grega , Maček Marjan , Wilde Fabian , Aquila Andrew , Boutet Sébastien , Liang Mengning , Hunter Mark S. , Scheerer Patrick , Lipscomb John D. , Weierstall Uwe , Kornberg Roger D. , Spence John C. H. , Pollack Lois , Chapman Henry N. , Bajt Saša
Published: June 2017

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 44628; published online: 16 March 2017; updated: 21 June 2017. In this Article, Henry N. Chapman is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA’ and an additional affiliation was omitted.
Multifunctional electrospun polymeric nanofibrous mats for catalytic reduction, photocatalysis and sensing
Authors: Arslan Osman , Uyar Tamer
Published: June 2017

Fabrication and decoration of flexible Nylon 6,6 polymeric nanofibrous mats for production of multifunctional electrospun material was accomplished via visible light-emitting surface-protected silicon quantum dots (Si QD), ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NP) and Pd nanocubes (Pd NC).
Stacked homodimers of substituted contorted hexabenzocoronenes and their complexes with C60 fullerene
Authors: Sepúlveda Diana , Guan Yanfei , Rangel Ulises , Wheeler Steven E.
Published: June 2017

Computations show that the tendency of contorted hexabenzocoronene (c-HBC) to form either homodimers or complexes with C60 can be tuned by changing the curvature of the c-HBC via the addition of substituents.
Triazolinedione-“clicked” poly(phosphoester)s: systematic adjustment of thermal properties
Authors: Becker Greta , Vlaminck Laetitia , Velencoso Maria M. , Du Prez Filip E. , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: June 2017

The thermal properties of halogen-free flame retardant poly(phosphoester)s from acyclic diene metathesis polycondensation have been optimized by a systematic post-modification using 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione derivatives.
Hydration or hydroxylation: direct synthesis of fullerenol from pristine fullerene [C60] via acoustic cavitation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Afreen Sadia , Kokubo Ken , Muthoosamy Kasturi , Manickam Sivakumar
Published: June 2017

A green low energy approach avoiding the use of toxic or corrosive reagents/solvents is proposed for the synthesis of potential fullerenol moieties [C60(OH)n·mH2O], in which C60 in dil. H2O2 (30%) aqueous media was ultrasonicated (20 kHz, 200 W) at 30% amplitude for 1 h.
In vivo biodistribution and passive accumulation of upconversion nanoparticles in colorectal cancer models via intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Gao Yilin , Zhu Xingjun , Zhang Yuwen , Chen Xiaofeng , Wang Li , Feng Wei , Huang Chunhui , Li Fuyou
Published: June 2017

Cit-UCNPs after IP injection exhibited significantly different biological processes from those after IV injection. The passive-tumour targeting effectiveness of cit-UCNPs via the IP route was higher than that via the IV route.
Curcumin-like compounds designed to modify amyloid beta peptide aggregation patterns
Authors: Battisti Antonella , Palumbo Piccionello Antonio , Sgarbossa Antonella , Vilasi Silvia , Ricci Caterina , Ghetti Francesco , Spinozzi Francesco , Marino Gammazza Antonella , Giacalone Valentina , Martorana Annamaria , Lauria Antonino , Ferrero Claudio , Bulone Donatella , Mangione Maria Rosalia , San Biagio Pier Luigi , Ortore Maria Grazia
Published: June 2017

This study suggests new concepts and potential difficulties in the design of novel drugs against diverse amyloidoses, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Matrix composition determines the dimensions of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilm colonies grown on LB agar
Authors: Kesel Sara , von Bronk Benedikt , Falcón García Carolina , Götz Alexandra , Lieleg Oliver , Opitz Madeleine
Published: June 2017

Exopolymeric substances secreted by biofilm formingBacillus subtilisNCIB 3610 bacteria influence the growth and final dimensions of these biofilms.
Computing analysis of lattice vibrations of ice VIII
Authors: Yao Shu-Kai , Zhang Peng , Zhang Ying , Lu Ying-Bo , Yang Tian-Lin , Sun Bai-Gong , Yuan Zhen-Yu , Luo Hui-Wen
Published: June 2017

We devise an approach to link inelastic neutron scattering with photon scattering experiments by computing simulation methods. The dynamic process of 33 normal modes of lattice vibration of Ice VIII are precisely illustrated based on CASTEP code.
Amphi-functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dye separation
Authors: Shinde Pravin , Gupta Sayam Sen , Singh Baljeet , Polshettiwar Vivek , Prasad Bhagavatula L. V.
Published: June 2017

Synthesis of amphi-functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (~80 nm) by stepwise chemical modifications of outer and inner pore surfaces and their utilization for the separation of hydrophobic dyes from hydrophilic ones is reported.
Ultra‐low power frequency‐shift keying demodulator based on injection‐locking ring oscillator without using phase locked loop for wireless body area networks
Authors: Sattari R. , Safarian A.
Published: June 2017

An ultra‐low power frequency‐shift keying (FSK) demodulator based on injection‐locking ring oscillator for wireless body area networks is presented. The proposed system uses the power‐efficient injection‐locking ring oscillator (ILRO) to replace the LC oscillator which occupies much more area on chip with higher power consumption. In addition, through the ILRO, the frequency modulated input signal is converted to a full swing rectangular signal, which can be directly demodulated by a chain of down‐conversion passive mixers, lowpass filters and a comparator. Power efficiency and simplicity of the proposed structure eliminate conventional FSK demodulator based on power‐hungry phase locked loops, which needs to be calibrated by auto‐frequency calibrator to periodically compensate the free running frequency deviations due to temperature variations and charge pump leakage current. The proposed FSK demodulator is designed and simulated in 180 nm CMOS technology while consuming only 23.37 µW from a 0.7 V supply.
Closed‐form analytical solution for on‐switching dynamics in a TaO memristor
Authors: Ascoli A. , Ntinas V. , Tetzlaff R. , Sirakoulis G.Ch.
Published: June 2017

For the first time, the model of a physical nano‐scale memristor is integrated analytically. A closed‐form expression for the time evolution of the device memristance during the turn‐on process is mathematically derived. The complexity of the inverse imaginary error function‐based analytical formula clearly reflects the high degree of nonlinearity in the nano‐device switching kinetics, which may typically span several orders of magnitude and is critically dependent on input and initial condition. The excellent agreement between the analytical solution and numerical simulation results clearly demonstrates the correctness of the theoretical derivation. The introduction of this formula represents the first step towards a systematic approach to circuit design with memristors.
Fast transient control for power adjustment in a dual‐active‐bridge converter
Authors: Lin S.‐T. , Li X. , Sun C. , Tang Y.
Published: June 2017

A transient control for a dual‐active‐bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter to realise power adjustment in a fast and smooth way is proposed. The converter is able to transfer power between two dc sources with two phase‐shifts as control variables. To eliminate the possible high‐current overshoot and non‐zero dc‐bias current, the adjustments of the two phase‐shifts are distributed to the gating signals of different switch arms according to a ratio x, which has an universal expression for any transitions among different operation modes in a DAB converter. Experimental results have proved the validity of the proposed transient control in elimination of current overshoot and dc‐bias current.
State estimation‐based distributed model predictive control of large‐scale networked systems with communication delays
Authors: Razavinasab Zahra , Farsangi Malihe M. , Barkhordari Mojtaba
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a cooperative distributed model predictive control is proposed for a class of large‐scale systems composed of discrete‐time linear subsystems which are coupled via states. The subsystems communicate with each other through a network with communication delays and they do not have direct access to their local states. In the proposed scheme, each subsystem is associated with a local MPC unit, a local predictor and a local observer. The local model predictive controllers exchange predicted input sequences via a delayed communication network. The local predictor uses the explicit model of the subsystems and predicts those states which are coupled between subsystems and their actual values are not available due to delays. The states of each subsystem are estimated from local measurements by designing a local observer. Convergence analysis of the proposed estimation methodology is performed and it is shown that the observer and predictor have exponential convergence. Furthermore, the exponential stability of the closed‐loop system is existed. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by a simulation study.
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction of Trichorionic Triplet Gestations: What is the Benefit?
Authors: Herlihy Nola , Naqvi Mariam , Romero Julie , Gupta Simi , Monteagudo Ana , Rebarber Andrei , Fox Nathan
Published: June 2017

Objective This study aims to determine the efficacy of multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) in improving obstetrical outcomes for trichorionic triplet gestations.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of patients with multiple gestations delivered by a single maternal-fetal medicine practice from 2005 to 2016. We compared patients with trichorionic triamniotic triplet gestations who underwent MFPR to those with an ongoing triplet pregnancy (TT), as well as primary dichorionic diamniotic twin gestations (DD). Logistic regression analysis was used to control for any differences at baseline.

Results There were 42 patients in the MFPR group, 43 women in the TT group, and 693 women in the DD group. Comparing MFPR to TT, the likelihood of preterm birth < 34 weeks was similar (31.0 vs. 39.5%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21, 1.87). There were no differences in gestational age at delivery, pregnancy loss < 24 weeks, or the likelihood of all, none, or at least two babies surviving to discharge. Mean birth weights were significantly higher and cesarean delivery rates lower for MFPR (2,128 vs. 1,836 g, p = 0.028 and 69 vs. 86%, aOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.94) as compared with the TT group. MFPR had significantly worse outcomes than DD.

Conclusion In trichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies, our study suggests that obstetrical outcomes may not be as dramatically improved with MFPR as seen in older studies.
Komplementäre und alternative Methoden bei Krebs einordnen und bewerten
Authors: Ernst Anke , Klein Stefanie
Published: June 2017

There are a vast number of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in oncology. Also patients' needs for information on these methods are growing. Helping patients to classify and evaluate CAM methods is a challenge. The Cancer Information Service at the German Cancer Research Center has developed a benefit-risk-assessment based on evidence-based medicine and individual patient traits: To rate a CAM’s benefit, the scientific evidence and the patient’s therapeutic goals have to be taken into account. To estimate its risks, both, the method itself and the patient’s status of health must be considered.
Update: Kardiovaskuläre Schlafmedizin
Authors: Linz Benedikt , Böhm Michael , Linz Dominik
Published: June 2017

The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is high in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Typical symptoms like daytime sleepiness can be absent and those patients may report unspecific, therapy-resistant symptoms related to their underlying disease. Particularly sleep-related symptoms like nocturia, nocturnal dyspnea and pectangina can be present. Based on the results of recently published studies, the treatment of central sleep apnea in patients with symptomatic, systolic heart failure by adaptive servo-ventilation is no longer recommended. Although the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea did not prevent cardiovascular events, it improved snoring, daytime sleepiness and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, studies imply that treatment of SDB should be considered as an adjunct treatment modality in patients with hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Due to the high prevalence, screening for SDB can help to identify patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Urosepsis bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – konservative und operative Therapie
Authors: Oswald Josef
Published: June 2017

Fieberhafte Harnwegsinfekte (HWI) sind die häufigsten Infektionen im Kindesalter, die Urosepsis, wenngleich selten, stellt die schwerste Komplikation der kindlichen Infektion des Urogenitaltraktes dar. Die korrekte Diagnose, insbesondere die Mitbeteiligung der Nieren im Säuglings- und Kleinkindesalter kann aufgrund der unspezifischen Symptome schwierig sein, neben Harn und Labor sowie nicht invasiver Diagnostik (Ultraschall) kann eine weitere spezifische Diagnostik (DMSA Szintigrafie) notwendig sein. Die Akuttherapie besteht aus der gezielten parenteralen Antibiose wie der qualifizierten pädiatrischen Sepsistherapie, selten ist eine chirurgisch-interventionelle Desobstruktion nötig. Hier kommen neben der Katheterdrainage des unteren und oberen Harntraktes offene Operationstechniken – situations- und kindgerecht – zum Einsatz. Im weiteren Verlauf ist es entscheidend, kausale Faktoren wie angeborene Fehlbildungen mit negativem Einfluss auf den Harntransport (vesikoureteraler Reflux, Fehlbildungen mit postrenaler Obstruktion) zu identifizieren und zu behandeln.
Die Bedeutung der Farben
Authors: Müller H.V.
Published: June 2017

Anhand von einigen Fallbeispielen wird ein neues Gemütsbild von Conium entwickelt und zugleich aufgezeigt, wie die Vorliebe für "Schwarz" auf dieses Mittel hinweist.
Trap-assisted tunneling in AlGaN avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Shao Z. G. , Gu Q. J. , Yang X. F. , Zhang J. , Kuang Y. W. , Zhang D. B. , Yu H. L. , Hong X. K. , Feng J. F. , Liu Y. S.
Published: June 2017

We fabricated AlGaN solar-blind avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that were based on separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) structures. It was determined experimentally that the dark current in these APDs is rapidly enhanced when the applied voltage exceeds 52 V. Theoretical analyses demonstrated that the breakdown voltage at 52 V is mainly related to the local trap-assisted tunneling effect. Because the dark current is mainly dependent on the trap states as a result of modification of the lifetimes of the electrons in the trap states, the tunneling processes can be modulated effectively by tuning the trap energy level, the trap density, and the tunnel mass.
Radioactive ion beams of 111In using ECR plasma sputtering method
Authors: Naik Vaishali , Bhattacharjee Mahuwa , Kumar D. Lavanya , Karmakar Prasanta , Das S. K. , Banerjee Debashis , Chattopadhyay Sankha , Barua Luna , Das Sujata Saha , Pal Asit Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Arup , Chakrabarti Alok
Published: June 2017

Radioactive ion beams of 111In (indium-111, half-life 2.8 days) have been produced using the plasma sputtering method in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre RIB facility. Indium isotopes were first produced by bombarding a natural silver target with a 32 MeV, 40 μA alpha particle beam from the K-130 cyclotron. After radio-chemical separation, about 25 mCi In-chloride was deposited on an aluminum electrode and inserted in the plasma chamber of the ECR. Indium ions produced by ion induced sputtering in the plasma were extracted from the ion source, isotopically separated, and a pure 111In beam was measured at the focal plane of the separator. The measured 111In beam intensity was 2.67 × 105 particles/s for a beam energy of 5 keV.
Dissecting the accountability of parameterized and parameter-free single-hybrid and double-hybrid functionals for photophysical properties of TADF-based OLEDs
Authors: Alipour Mojtaba , Karimi Niloofar
Published: June 2017

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are an attractive category of materials that have witnessed a booming development in recent years. In the present contribution, we scrutinize the accountability of parameterized and parameter-free single-hybrid (SH) and double-hybrid (DH) functionals through the two formalisms, full time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA), for the estimation of photophysical properties like absorption energy, emission energy, zero-zero transition energy, and singlet-triplet energy splitting of TADF molecules. According to our detailed analyses on the performance of SHs based on TD-DFT and TDA, the TDA-based parameter-free SH functionals, PBE0 and TPSS0, with one-third of exact-like exchange turned out to be the best performers in comparison to other functionals from various rungs to reproduce the experimental data of the benchmarked set. Such affordable SH approximations can thus be employed to predict and design the TADF molecules with low singlet-triplet energy gaps for OLED applications. From another perspective, considering this point that both the nonlocal exchange and correlation are essential for a more reliable description of large charge-transfer excited states, applicability of the functionals incorporating these terms, namely, parameterized and parameter-free DHs, has also been evaluated. Perusing the role of exact-like exchange, perturbative-like correlation, solvent effects, and other related factors, we find that the parameterized functionals B2π-PLYP and B2GP-PLYP and the parameter-free models PBE-CIDH and PBE-QIDH have respectable performance with respect to others. Lastly, besides the recommendation of reliable computational protocols for the purpose, hopefully this study can pave the way toward further developments of other SHs and DHs for theoretical explorations in the field of OLEDs technology.
Adsorptive removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified alumina
Authors: Pham Tien Duc , Do Thi Trang , Ha Van Lau , Doan Thi Hai Yen , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Mai Thanh Duc , Kobayashi Motoyoshi , Adachi Yasuhisa
Published: June 2017

Environmental contextAmmonium ion, an inorganic pollutant in agricultural land, can induce eutrophication, impacting on water quality. We investigate the adsorption of ammonium ion on surfactant-modified alumina and demonstrate highly efficient removal of ammonium ions by the alumina from two agricultural water samples. Adsorption mechanisms are also proposed based on adsorption isotherms, surface modification and the change in surface charge. AbstractThe adsorptive removal of ammonium ions (NH4+) from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified alumina (SMA) was investigated. The optimum NH4+ adsorption removal conditions on SMA were systematically studied and found to be pH 4, contact time 180min, adsorbent dosage 30mgmL–1 and ionic strength 1mM NaCl. The equilibrium concentration of NH4+ was measured by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) and spectrophotometry. Surface modification of α-Al2O3 with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at high salt concentration induced a significant increase of removal efficiency. The change in surface charge and surface modification of α-Al2O3 by pre-adsorption of SDS and subsequent adsorption of NH4+ were evaluated by zeta potential measurements and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Under optimum adsorption conditions, NH4+ removal from two agricultural water samples achieved very high removal efficiencies of 99.5 and 96.5%. The adsorption of NH4+ onto SMA increases with decreasing NaCl concentration because desorption of SDS from the α-Al2O3 surface is minimised. Experimental results of NH4+–SMA adsorption isotherms at different ionic strengths can be represented well by a two-step adsorption model. Based on adsorption isotherms, surface charge effect and surface modification, we suggest that the adsorption mechanism of NH4+ onto SMA was mainly electrostatic attraction between cationic NH4+ and the negatively charged SMA surface.
qSVA framework for RNA quality correction in differential expression analysis
Authors: Jaffe Andrew E. , Tao Ran , Norris Alexis L. , Kealhofer Marc , Nellore Abhinav , Shin Joo Heon , Kim Dewey , Jia Yankai , Hyde Thomas M. , Kleinman Joel E. , Straub Richard E. , Leek Jeffrey T. , Weinberger Daniel R.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Many studies use measurements of gene expression in human postmortem and ex vivo tissues like brain and blood to characterize genomic correlates of illness. However, molecular analyses of these tissues can be susceptible to a wide range of confounders that may be difficult to measure and remove. In this article, we describe an analysis framework for identifying and removing previously uncharacterized quality biases in measurements of RNA. Our paper critically highlights the shortcomings of standard RNA quality correction approaches, such as statistically adjusting for RNA integrity numbers. We show that the our framework removes residual confounding by RNA quality and greatly improves replication of significant differentially expressed genes across independent datasets by more than threefold compared with previous approaches.
Sex-specific early survival drives adult sex ratio bias in snowy plovers and impacts mating system and population growth
Authors: Eberhart-Phillips Luke J. , Küpper Clemens , Miller Tom E. X. , Cruz-López Medardo , Maher Kathryn H. , dos Remedios Natalie , Stoffel Martin A. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Krüger Oliver , Székely Tamás
Published: June 2017

Significance

Sex biases are widespread in nature and represent a fundamental component of sexual selection and population biology—but at which point in life history do these biases emerge? We report a detailed individual-based demographic analysis of an intensively studied wild bird population to evaluate origins of sex biases and their consequences on mating strategies and population dynamics. We document a strongly male-biased adult sex ratio, which is consistent with behavioral observations of female-biased polygamy. Notably, sex-biased juvenile rather than adult survival contributed most to the adult sex ratio. Sex biases also strongly influenced population viability, which was significantly overestimated when sex ratio and mating system were ignored. Our study, therefore, has implications for both sexual selection theory and biodiversity conservation.
Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States
Authors: Aloe Carlin , Kulldorff Martin , Bloom Barry R.
Published: June 2017

Significance

Pertussis has been on the rise in the United States, and, in 2012, the United States had the highest number of reported pertussis (whooping cough) cases since 1955. This study provides evidence of spatial clustering of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in kindergarteners and spatial clustering of pertussis cases in children age groups 5 years and younger and 10 to 14 years at the community level. The results suggest that states should reconsider allowing nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The data also suggest a need for the creation of a longer-acting pertussis vaccine or improved regimen and a revised vaccination schedule for the current acellular pertussis vaccine.
SUPERMAN
prevents class B gene expression and promotes stem cell termination in the fourth whorl of
Arabidopsis thaliana
flowers
Authors: Prunet Nathanaël , Yang Weibing , Das Pradeep , Meyerowitz Elliot M. , Jack Thomas P.
Published: June 2017

Significance

The
Arabidopsis thaliana
flower is a complex structure that consists of discrete floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels) that are separated by regions lacking organ growth called boundaries. The
SUPERMAN
(
SUP
) gene functions to define the boundary between the male organs (stamens) and female organs (carpels) in the flower. Previous work on boundary formation in plants has focused on growth repression, rather than on identity separation. Using live confocal imaging, we demonstrate that
SUP
functions by keeping the male and female developmental programs spatially and temporally separate, which is critical for the fertility of the flower. In addition, we show a second role of
SUP
in the timely termination of floral stem cells.
Rhodium metalloinsertor binding generates a lesion with selective cytotoxicity for mismatch repair-deficient cells
Authors: Bailis Julie M. , Weidmann Alyson G. , Mariano Natalie F. , Barton Jacqueline K.
Published: June 2017

Significance

We have developed a family of rhodium compounds that bind DNA mismatches and are cytotoxic to mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells. This study describes the cellular mechanism of action of the compounds that enables this selective cytotoxicity. The compound binding mode, metalloinsertion, displaces the mismatched base pairs from the DNA helix and creates a DNA lesion that activates the DNA damage response. This lesion is unable to be repaired in MMR-deficient cells. This mechanism is distinct from other compounds that target DNA and provides a therapeutic strategy for treatment of cancers with MMR deficiency.
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-Mediated Silencing of Nicotiana benthamiana ARGONAUTES (NbAGOs) Reveals New Antiviral Candidates and Dominant Effects of TRV-NbAGO1
Authors: Odokonyero Denis , Mendoza Maria R. , Moffett Peter , Scholthof Herman B.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of different ARGONAUTE proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbAGOs) to the defense against silencing sensitive GFP-expressing viral constructs based on Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) (Tombusvirus), Sunn-hemp mosaic virus (Tobamovirus), and Foxtail mosaic virus (Potexvirus). Upon Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated down-regulation of NbAGO1, 4, 5, or 6, no effects were noted on susceptibility to any virus construct, whereas knockdown of NbAGO2 specifically prevented silencing of P19-defective TBSV (TGdP19). Down-regulation of a new gene referred to as NbAGO5L showed some reduced silencing for TGdP19 but not for the other two virus constructs, whereas silencing of NbAGO7 gave rise to a subtle increase in susceptibility to all three viruses. Co-infiltrating different TRV-NbAGO constructs simultaneously did not enhance virus susceptibility. However, an unexpected finding was that whenever the TRV-NbAGO1 construct was present, this compromised silencing of genes targeted by co-infiltrated constructs, as shown upon co-infiltration of TRV-NbAGO1 with either TRV-NbAGO2 or TRV-Sul (targeting Magnesium chelatase I). Only after a prolonged period (approximately 2 months) did TRV-Sul-mediated systemic bleaching occur in these co-infected plants, suggesting that TRV-NbAGO1 hinders the silencing ability of other TRV-NbAGO constructs. In conclusion, this study revealed new antiviral NbAGOs and dominant effects of silencing NbAGO1.
Treatment of Incomplete Jones Fractures With Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS)
Authors: Tomohiko Tateishi , Nagase Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Teruhiko , Masamitsu Tsuchiya
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Stress fractures of the proximal epiphysis of the fifth metatarsal bone (termed Jones fracture) frequently occur in both senior high-school-age and older contestant-level soccer players, and its incidence in Japanese soccer players is higher than that in European players. Surgery is most commonly indicated for a complete fracture, and about 3 months are required before the patient is able to return to the sport. We have performed a “Jones fracture screening” to reduce the incidence of these fractures. While surveying its frequency and promoting education on its prevalence and symptoms, we tried to discover incomplete fractures early and treat them using LIPUS without limiting their soccer practice.

Subjects and Methods:

The subjects were 341 students (682 feet) from 3 senior high schools and university soccer clubs. Primary screening for tenderness and by diagnostic ultrasound imaging was performed as a Jones fracture screening. Fifty subjects (50 feet) were positive on the ultrasonic diagnosis, and secondary screening was recommended. Forty subjects underwent radiography (secondary screening rate: 80%), and 5 subjects (5 feet) were diagnosed with incomplete Jones fractures. Conservative treatment centering on LIPUS was performed in these 5 players who still continued to participate in all soccer practices.

Results:

Bone union was achieved in 2 subjects (2 feet) after about 6 months without taking a break from soccer practice. The other 3 subjects (3 feet) are at 2 months after the diagnosis and are being followed without taking a break from soccer practice.

Discussion:

Incomplete Jones fractures that are discovered early by an ultrasonic check-up for bone expansion with subsequent early treatment with LIPUS may heal without taking a break from practice. No preventive method has been established for Jones fractures. This check-up may serve as a useful preventative approach, and we will make an effort to suggest it as a common practice.
An Examination of the Factors Related to a Reduction in the Use of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS)
Authors: Uchiyama Yoshiyasu , Tateiwa Takaaki , Nakajima Daisuke , Takatori Naoki , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: June 2017

Objective:

We examined the factors related to a reduction in the use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for patients at both our hospital and other affiliated institutions.

Materials and Methods:

Of 350 patients who used LIPUS at our and other affiliated institutions from May 2010 to April 2015, 279 (168 males, 111 females) were evaluated, after excluding mortalities and those with unexplained bone adhesion. Those patients with LIPUS compliance [calculated as: (number of days LIPUS was used/number of days LIPUS was available) × 100] below 80% were defined as the non-compliant group (170 patients), and those patients with a compliance rate of 80% or above were defined as the compliant group (109 patients). Factors related to a reduction in compliance were examined and included duration of use, age, sex, fracture side (right or left), and fracture site.

Results:

The duration of use was longer in the non-compliant group compared with that in the compliant group (mean ± SD: 160 ± 118 days vs. 126 ± 81 days; P = 0.01), and the mean age was younger in the non-compliant group (42 ± 20 years vs. 50 ± 21 years; P = 0.002). Additionally, there was a higher ratio of females/males in the compliant group (60/49 vs. 120/50; P = 0.008). However, the side of the fracture was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.449). Fractures of the forearm were more frequent in the non-compliant group than that in the compliant group (25/170 vs. 7/109; P = 0.003).

Discussion:

The results suggest that the factors predictive of a reduction in the use of LIPUS are a long period of use, younger age, male gender, and use on fractures of the forearm.
How Attending Physician Preceptors Negotiate Their Complex Work Environment: A Collective Ethnography
Authors: Lemaire Jane B. , Wallace Jean E. , Sargious Peter M. , Bacchus Maria , Zarnke Kelly , Ward David R. , Ghali William A.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

To generate an empiric, detailed, and updated view of the attending physician preceptor role and its interface with the complex work environment.

Method

In 2013, the authors conducted a modified collective ethnography with observations of internal medicine medical teaching unit preceptors from two university hospitals in Canada. Eleven observers conducted 32 observations (99.5 hours) of 26 preceptors (30 observations [93.5 hours] of 24 preceptors were included in the analysis). An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data with further axial coding to identify connections between themes. Four individuals coded the main data set; differences were addressed through discussion to achieve consensus.

Results

Three elements or major themes of the preceptor role were identified: (1) competence or the execution of traditional physician competencies, (2) context or the extended medical teaching unit environment, and (3) conduct or the manner of acting or behaviors and attitudes in the role. Multiple connections between the elements emerged. The preceptor role appeared to depend on the execution of professional skills (competence) but also was vulnerable to contextual factors (context) independent of these skills, many of which were unpredictable. This vulnerability appeared to be tempered by preceptors’ use of adaptive behaviors and attitudes (conduct), such as creativity, interpersonal skills, and wellness behaviors.

Conclusions

Preceptors not only possess traditional competencies but also enlist additional behaviors and attitudes to deal with context-driven tensions and to negotiate their complex work environment. These skills could be incorporated into role training, orientation, and mentorship.
Association of visceral fat area with the presence of depressive symptoms in Chinese postmenopausal women with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Xiong Qin , Hu Xiang , Xu Yiting , Zhang Xueli , Pan Xiaoping , Xiao Yunfeng , Ma Xiaojing , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, and women are more vulnerable to depression than men, particularly during stages of hormonal fluctuations. After menopause, fat accumulation shifts from the subcutaneous area to the visceral area, and the risk of metabolic disorder increases in parallel. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between abdominal fat distribution and the presence of depressive symptoms in postmenopausal women.

Methods:

Visceral fat area (VFA) was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale.

Results:

In all, 437 normoglycemic postmenopausal women with a mean age of 58.4 ± 5.0 years (mean age at final menstrual period: 50.1 ± 3.5 years) were enrolled in the present study, including 117 individuals with depressive symptoms and 320 individuals without depressive symptoms. The prevalence of abdominal obesity in women with depressive symptoms was much higher than that in those without depressive symptoms (37.6% vs 27.5%; P = 0.042). Participants with depressive symptoms showed elevated VFA values (74.6 ± 29.8 vs 65.9 ± 28.9 cm2; P = 0.006). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that VFA was independently correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms (standardized β = 0.099, P = 0.012).

Conclusions:

In Chinese postmenopausal women, visceral fat accumulation was an independent and positive factor significantly associated with the presence of depressive symptoms.
Vasomotor symptoms are associated with depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older women
Authors: Zeleke Berihun M. , Bell Robin J. , Billah Baki , Davis Susan R.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

To assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older Australian women.

Methods:

A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted amongst community-dwelling older women. Participants were recruited between April and August 2014 from a national database based on the electoral roll. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) tool. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), and pelvic floor symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires. Women were provided a comprehensive list of psychotropic medications (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers) to identify their use over the preceding month.

Results:

In all, 1,534 women completed the BDI-II. Overall, 34.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.8%-36.7%) of women had VMS, 6.3% (95% CI 5.2%-7.7%) had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms (BDI-II score ≥20), 26.8% (95% CI 24.6%-29.1%) had used any psychotropic medication in the previous month, and 17.5% (95%CI: 15.6-19.5%) had taken an antidepressant.

Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were more common among women using antidepressants compared with nonusers (16.6% vs 4.3%; P < 0.001). Obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.18, 95% CI 1.17-4.04), living in financially insecure housing (AOR 3.84, 95% CI 2.08-8.08), being a caregiver to another person (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.36-4.19), being a smoker (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12-4.66), having VMS (AOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.03-2.62), having pelvic floor dysfunction (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.08-2.94), and having vaginal dryness during intercourse (AOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06-3.22, P < 0.05) were positively and independently associated with moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms. Being currently partnered (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33-0.97) and employed (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.92) were associated with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

In older women, depressive symptoms are common and are associated with social and financial insecurity, and with VMS.
Trends in Diagnoses Among Hospitalizations of HIV-infected Children and Adolescents in the United States
Authors: Hurst Stacey A. , Ewing Alexander C. , Ellington Sascha R. , Kourtis Athena P.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

Using data from 2003–2012, we updated a previous analysis of trends in hospitalizations of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States.

Methods:

We used data from the Kids´ Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to derive nationally representative estimates of the number of hospitalizations and the rates per 1000 hospitalizations of select discharge diagnoses and procedures in 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012 among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and adolescents ≤18 years, excluding hospitalizations for conditions related to pregnancy/delivery and neonatal diagnoses. We also examined trends in the prevalence of select discharge diagnoses and procedures using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:

During 2003–2012, the number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined 58% versus 17% for uninfected, but the odds of having discharge codes for most of the diagnoses and procedures studied, including death during hospitalization, remained higher among HIV-infected compared with uninfected children. Among HIV-infected children, the prevalence of discharge diagnoses for pneumonia, pneumococcal disease and varicella/herpes zoster infections and odds of death during hospitalization decreased over time, while bacterial infections/sepsis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus increased. Among HIV-uninfected children, there was no increase in diagnoses of bacterial infection/sepsis, but otherwise trends were similar.

Conclusions:

The number of hospitalizations for HIV-infected children declined from 2003 to 2012. The decreased prevalence of several discharge diagnoses and lower risk of death during hospitalization likely reflect improvements in HIV therapies and increased uptake of other preventive strategies. However, the increasing prevalence of discharge diagnoses for bacterial infections/sepsis warrants further attention and monitoring.
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Producing Staphylococcus Aureus Facial Pyomyositis Causing Partial Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Green Katherine , Chranioti Ioanna , Singh Saurabh , Jäger Hans Rolf , Drebes Anje , Gabbie Susie , Cohen Jonathan
Published: June 2017

We present a case of subtotal cavernous sinus thrombosis secondary to Panton-Valentine leukocidin–associated Staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis of the muscles of mastication in a previously healthy child, who was successfully managed with no residual disease. He was found to have a factor V Leiden heterozygous mutation. We highlight the propensity of Panton-Valentine leukocidin Staphylococcus aureus to induce venous thrombosis at any site but with potential for more severe consequences in the head. We highlight pyomyositis as a differential for periorbital cellulitis and discuss the significance of the factor V Leiden mutation.
Soiled adhesive pads shear clean by slipping: a robust self-cleaning mechanism in climbing beetles
Authors: Amador Guillermo J. , Endlein Thomas , Sitti Metin
Published: June 2017

Animals using adhesive pads to climb smooth surfaces face the problem of keeping their pads clean and functional. Here, a self-cleaning mechanism is proposed whereby soiled feet would slip on the surface due to a lack of adhesion but shed particles in return. Our study offers an
in situ
quantification of self-cleaning performance in fibrillar adhesives, using the dock beetle as a model organism. After beetles soiled their pads by stepping into patches of spherical beads, we found that their gait was significantly affected. Specifically, soiled pads slipped 10 times further than clean pads, with more particles deposited for longer slips. Like previous studies, we found that particle size affected cleaning performance. Large (45 μm) beads were removed most effectively, followed by medium (10 μm) and small (1 μm). Consistent with our results from climbing beetles, force measurements on freshly severed legs revealed larger detachment forces of medium particles from adhesive pads compared to a flat surface, possibly due to interlocking between fibres. By contrast, dock leaves showed an overall larger affinity to the beads and thus reduced the need for cleaning. Self-cleaning through slippage provides a mechanism robust to particle size and may inspire solutions for artificial adhesives.
Liquid toroidal drop under uniform electric field
Authors: Zabarankin Michael
Published: June 2017

The problem of a stationary liquid toroidal drop freely suspended in another fluid and subjected to an electric field uniform at infinity is addressed analytically. Taylor’s discriminating function implies that, when the phases have equal viscosities and are assumed to be slightly conducting (leaky dielectrics), a spherical drop is stationary when
Q
=(2
R
2
+3
R
+2)/(7
R
2
), where
R
and
Q
are ratios of the phases’ electric conductivities and dielectric constants, respectively. This condition holds for any electric capillary number, Ca
E
, that defines the ratio of electric stress to surface tension. Pairam and Fernández-Nieves showed experimentally that, in the absence of external forces (Ca
E
=0), a toroidal drop shrinks towards its centre, and, consequently, the drop can be stationary only for some Ca
E
>0. This work finds
Q
and Ca
E
such that, under the presence of an electric field and with equal viscosities of the phases, a toroidal drop having major radius
ρ
and volume 4
π
/3 is qualitatively stationary—the normal velocity of the drop’s interface is minute and the interface coincides visually with a streamline. The found
Q
and Ca
E
depend on
R
and
ρ
, and for large
ρ
, e.g.
ρ
≥3, they have simple approximations:
Q
∼(
R
2
+
R
+1)/(3
R
2
) and

Ca

E

∼
3

3
π
ρ

/

2

 
(
6
 ln 
⁡
ρ
+
2
 ln
⁡
[
96
π
]
−
9
)

/

(
12
 ln 
⁡
ρ
+
4
 ln
⁡
[
96
π
]
−
17
)
 

(
R
+
1
)

2

/

(
R
−
1
)

2

.
The rolling suitcase instability: a coupling between translation and rotation
Authors: Facchini G. , Sekimoto K. , du Pont S. Courrech
Published: June 2017

A two-wheel suitcase or trolley can exhibit undamped rocking oscillations from one wheel to the other when pulled fast enough. We study this instability both experimentally—with a toy model of a suitcase rolling on a treadmill—and theoretically. The suitcase oscillates only if a finite perturbation is applied. This is because intrinsic dissipation occurs when the supporting wheel switches. When unstable, the suitcase either increasingly rocks until overturning or reaches a stable limit cycle. The friction force at the rolling wheels constrains wheels to roll without slipping. This constraint imposes a coupling between the translational motion and the three-dimensional rotational motion of the suitcase that drives the rocking instability. The same behaviours are observed in the experiments and in the simulations. The asymptotic scaling laws we observe in the simulations are explained by means of a simplified model where the coupling force is explicit.
New conformal mapping for adaptive resolving of the complex singularities of Stokes wave
Authors: Lushnikov Pavel M. , Dyachenko Sergey A. , A. Silantyev Denis
Published: June 2017

A new highly efficient method is developed for computation of travelling periodic waves (Stokes waves) on the free surface of deep water. A convergence of numerical approximation is determined by the complex singularities above the free surface for the analytical continuation of the travelling wave into the complex plane. An auxiliary conformal mapping is introduced which moves singularities away from the free surface thus dramatically speeding up numerical convergence by adapting the numerical grid for resolving singularities while being consistent with the fluid dynamics. The efficiency of that conformal mapping is demonstrated for the Stokes wave approaching the limiting Stokes wave (the wave of the greatest height) which significantly expands the family of numerically accessible solutions. It allows us to provide a detailed study of the oscillatory approach of these solutions to the limiting wave. Generalizations of the conformal mapping to resolve multiple singularities are also introduced.
Asymmetric competition impacts evolutionary rescue in a changing environment
Authors: Van Den Elzen Courtney L. , Kleynhans Elizabeth J. , Otto Sarah P.
Published: June 2017

Interspecific competition can strongly influence the evolutionary response of a species to a changing environment, impacting the chance that the species survives or goes extinct. Previous work has shown that when two species compete for a temporally shifting resource distribution, the species lagging behind the resource peak is the first to go extinct due to competitive exclusion. However, this work assumed symmetrically distributed resources and competition. Asymmetries can generate differences between species in population sizes, genetic variation and trait means. We show that asymmetric resource availability or competition can facilitate coexistence and even occasionally cause the leading species to go extinct first. Surprisingly, we also find cases where traits evolve in the opposite direction to the changing environment because of a ‘vacuum of competitive release’ created when the lagging species declines in number. Thus, the species exhibiting the slowest rate of trait evolution is not always the most likely to go extinct in a changing environment. Our results demonstrate that the extent to which species appear to be tracking environmental change and the extent to which they are preadapted to that change may not necessarily determine which species will be the winners and which will be the losers in a rapidly changing world.