bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF WORLD COMMODITY PRICES ON THE DYNAMICS OF INCOME OF EXPORTING COUNTRIES OF NATURAL RESOURCES UNDER GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Nikonenko Uliana , Hanushchyn Solomiia , Boikivska Galyna , Andriichuk Yuliia , Kokhan Vasyl
Published: June 2020

A feature of modern globalization processes is their vulnerability to the volatility of short-term capital flows, which, combined with the growing volatility of commodity prices, have created serious difficulties for the economic policies of commodity-oriented countries. Therefore, the study of the impact of world commodity prices on the dynamics of economic growth of countries with commodity exports and the development of an appropriate methodology based on modern economic and mathematical tools is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is the impact of volatility and the level of world commodity prices on income dynamics (GDP and industrial production) using three groups of countries with different levels of economic development as an example. Functional dependencies were studied for three groups of countries: industrial countries exporting raw materials, countries – commodity exporters of low income and commodity countries of the former Soviet Union. The analysis is based on quarterly data for the period 1980–2018 using the Two-Step Least Squares (2SLS) method. We developed a methodology for the economic and statistical analysis of the functional dependencies of the commodity economy, which provides for the simultaneous accounting of the level of world commodity prices and their volatility, allows us to empirically evaluate the mechanisms of the macroeconomic influence of commodity prices on the dynamics of economic growth, primarily income (GDP and industrial production). It has been established that rising world prices for raw materials improves the dynamics of GDP and industrial production of countries exporting primary resources, while the consequences of high volatility of price indices are predominantly negative. If the impact on the economic growth of the exporting countries of raw materials of individual price indices coincides, then the corresponding estimates for volatility can differ significantly.
BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE CIRCULAR COLUMNS CONFINED BY HIGH-STRENGTH SPIRALS UNDER CONCENTRIC COMPRESSION
Authors: Hou Chongchi , Zheng Wenzhong , Chang Wei
Published: June 2020

This paper tested the behaviour of 32 high-strength concrete columns confined by high-strength spirals under
concentric compression. The test parameters included unconfined concrete compressive strength, spiral yield strength, volumetric ratio,
and spiral spacing. The results showed that bulging and shear sliding were the two characteristic types of failure patterns of the
thirty-two confined columns, depending on spiral spacing and concrete strength. Moreover, the spiral in most specimens did not yield
at the confined concrete compressive strength. An analytical confinement model for high-strength concrete columns confined by high-strength
spirals was proposed. In this proposed model, the calculated value of the spiral stress at the confined concrete compressive strength was
used to calculate the feature points of the stressstrain curve. The proposed model showed good correlations with available experimental
results of 64 columns.
IRIS Si iv Line Profiles at Flare Ribbons as Indications of Chromospheric Condensation
Authors: Yu Ke , Li Y. , Ding M. D. , Li D. , Zhou Yi-An , Hong Jie
Published: June 2020

We present temporal variations of the Si iv line profiles at the flare ribbons in three solar flares observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. In the M1.1 flare on 2014 September 6 and the X1.6 flare on 2014 September 10, the Si iv line profiles evolve from wholly redshifted to red-wing enhanced with the flare development. However, in the B1.8 flare on 2016 December 2, the Si iv line profiles are wholly redshifted throughout the flare evolution. We fit the wholly redshifted line profiles with a single-Gaussian function, but fit the red-asymmetric ones with a double-Gaussian function to deduce the corresponding Doppler velocities. In addition, we find that hard X-ray emission above 25 keV shows up in the two large flares, implying a nonthermal electron beam heating. In the microflare, there only appears weak hard X-ray emission up to 12 keV, indicative of a mostly thermal heating. We interpret the redshifts or red asymmetries of the Si iv line at the ribbons in the three flares as spectral manifestations of chromospheric condensation. We propose that whether the line appears to be wholly redshifted or red-asymmetric depends on the heating mechanisms, as well as on the propagation of the condensation.
ACRONYM IV: Three New, Young, Low-mass Spectroscopic Binaries
Authors: Flagg Laura , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , Weinberger Alycia , Bowler Brendan P. , Skiff Brian , Kraus Adam L. , Liu Michael C.
Published: June 2020

As part of our search for new low-mass members of nearby young moving groups (YMGs), we discovered three low-mass, spectroscopic binaries, two of which are not kinematically associated with any known YMG. Using high-resolution optical spectroscopy, we measure the component and systemic radial velocities of the systems, as well as their lithium absorption and Hα emission, both spectroscopic indicators of youth. One system (2MASS J02543316−5108313, M2.0+M3.0) we confirm as a member of the 40 Myr old Tuc-Hor moving group, but whose binarity was previously undetected. The second young binary (2MASS J08355977−3042306, K5.5+M1.5) is not a kinematic match to any known YMG, but each component exhibits lithium absorption and strong and wide Hα emission indicative of active accretion, setting an upper age limit of 15 Myr. The third system (2MASS J10260210−4105537, M1.0+M3.0) has been hypothesized in the literature to be a member of the 10 Myr old TW Hya Association, but our measured systemic velocity shows the binary is in fact not part of any known YMG. This last system also has lithium absorption in each component, and has strong and variable Hα emission, setting an upper age limit of 15 Myr based on the lithium detection.
Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE). III. The Mocky Way: Investigating Biases in Observing the Milky Way’s Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Zheng Yong , Peeples Molly S. , O’Shea Brian W. , Simons Raymond C. , Lochhaas Cassandra , Corlies Lauren , Tumlinson Jason , Smith Britton D. , Augustin Ramona
Published: June 2020

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of the Milky Way is mostly obscured by nearby gas in position–velocity space because we reside inside the Galaxy. Substantial biases exist in most studies of the Milky Way’s CGM that focus on easier-to-detect high-velocity gas. With mock observations on a Milky Way analog from the Figuring Out Gas & Galaxies in Enzo (FOGGIE) simulation, we investigate four observational biases related to the Milky Way’s CGM. First, QSO absorption-line studies probe a limited amount of the CGM mass: only 35% of the mass is at high Galactic latitudes

, of which only half is moving at

. Second, the inflow rate (

) of the cold gas observable in H i 21 cm is reduced by a factor of ∼10 as we switch from the local standard of rest to the galaxy’s rest frame; meanwhile, the

of the cool and warm gas does not change significantly. Third, O vi and N v are promising ions to probe the Milky Way’s outer CGM (

kpc), but C iv may be less sensitive. Lastly, the scatter in ion column density is a factor of 2 higher if the CGM is observed from the inside out than from external views because of the gas radial density profile. Our work highlights that observations of the Milky Way’s CGM, especially those using H i 21 cm and QSO absorption lines, are highly biased. We demonstrate that these biases can be quantified and calibrated through synthetic observations with simulated Milky Way analogs.
L’expérience vive du CPE
Authors: Dupeyron Jean-François
Published: June 2020

Singularité française, le métier de conseiller principal d’éducation (CPE) est d’autant plus difficile à expliquer aux partenaires étrangers que la formulation d’une définition de ce métier se heurte à plusieurs obstacles. Pour lever ces obstacles épistémologiques, nous avons donné la parole à plusieurs CPE afin d’abonder notre compréhension du lien entre le métier prescrit et le métier vécu. Une recherche de terrain, assise sur la méthode de l’entretien compréhensif, permet de proposer quelques premiers résultats, en ciblant la pluralité des conceptions et des pratiques relatives au métier de CPE selon l’expérience vive des acteurs. Des torsions éthiques, surtout dans la configuration propre aux établissements de zone suburbaine, sont alors au cœur de la forte expérience vive dont font part les CPE.
Pédagogie universitaire et professionnalisation des enseignants novices
Authors: Dastugue Laurent , Chaliès Sébastien
Published: June 2020

Un grand nombre de travaux relèvent encore et toujours que l’articulation des différentes expériences vécues par les enseignants novices (EN) lors des différentes séquences de formation reste peu « pensée » et que leurs retombées restent faibles en termes de construction de compétences professionnelles par les EN. Prenant appui sur un programme de recherche en anthropologie culturaliste, cette étude questionne les retombées d’un aménagement singulier d’un dispositif de formation initiale des EN sur leur capacité à exploiter les expériences vécues à l’université lors de leur activité d’enseignement en établissement scolaire. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les transformations engagées ont permis aux EN de s’engager dans un processus dit de « susbtrafication expérientielle » et ainsi construire une capacité à enseigner. Finalement, des propositions en matière de renouvellement de la pédagogie universitaire sont réalisées.
Association, modernité, autorité
Authors: Roelens Camille
Published: June 2020

Le but de cet article est de proposer une réflexion sur le rôle des associations dans la modernité démocratique, plus spécifiquement pour penser l’éducation en leur sein. De Tocqueville à nos jours, le lien entre individualisme et association a été pensé. Comment concilier le primat du consentement à tout lien et le projet éducatif (où l’on ne choisit pas ses parents, peu ses professeurs et condisciples) ? Comment faire concourir différents lieux et acteurs éducatifs au devenir autonome des individus ? La philosophie politique de l’éducation peut nous y aider. En s’inscrivant dans le cadre théorique défini par Marcel Gauchet dans ses vastes études du déploiement progressif du principe de légitimité individualiste durant des siècles de modernité, ce texte soutiendra qu’une pensée des conditions de l’éducation (en particulier de l’une d’entre elles, l’autorité) gagne à s’enrichir de : 1° l’analyse du type d’articulation entre individuel et collectif qu’incarnent les associations ; 2° l’optique d’une complémentarité entre les légitimités des divers lieux et acteurs éducatifs, associations comprises ; 3° l’examen des relations d’autorité qui peuvent se déployer dans les associations.
La gestion du capital humain : maîtriser les risques en EHPAD
Authors: Goujon Belghit Anne
Published: June 2020

La problématique de gestion des risques en EHPAD est abordée dans cet article sous l’angle du capital humain. En effet, les difficultés toujours croissantes rencontrées par les acteurs de ce secteur méritent une attention particulière. Cette recherche, basée sur une étude de cas unique en EHPAD associatif protestant, révèle l’importance de la prise de conscience du décalage entre l’intention stratégique organisationnelle et la réalité du terrain liée à la charge de travail à la fois effective et émotionnelle. La maîtrise de cet écart, par une mesure « objective », apporte un levier managérial pour limiter les risques. Les leviers résident dans la diffusion des valeurs et du sentiment de sécurité psychologique. Les valeurs renvoient à l’éthique, à l’honnêteté. La sécurité psychologique englobe les espaces de régulation, l’accessibilité des managers, la qualité de la communication et de la diffusion de l’information.
Apport de la sensibilité aux prix à l’étude du « gap » entre intentions et comportements responsables
Authors: Louis Didier , Lombart Cindy , Durif Fabien
Published: June 2020

Cette recherche complète la littérature existante en montrant l’apport de la sensibilité aux prix à la construction d’une nouvelle typologie des consommateurs responsables. Elle souligne également la présence de différences de comportements responsables en fonction des groupes de consommateurs établis. Enfin, elle établit l’apport de la sensibilité aux prix à la compréhension du «  gap  » entre intentions de consommation socialement responsable et comportements responsables effectifs.
Soft Power, Soft Concepts and Imperial Conceits
Authors: Golub Philip
Published: June 2020

Le soft power est un concept omniprésent dans les discours de politique internationale, notamment étatsuniens et chinois, mais sans réelle substance théorique et pratique. Partant d’une critique de l’approche behavioriste de Joseph Nye, cet article mobilise Gramsci et Bourdieu pour analyser le pouvoir symbolique/idéationnel dans les relations internationales. Il montre qu’il est nécessaire de mobiliser davantage le corpus sociologique critique pour saisir les mécanismes de pouvoir et de légitimation. Il soutient que la théorie du soft power n’est pas tant descriptive que prescriptive et constitue une rhétorique politique performative qui transfigure, dissimule et euphémise les rapports de force et de domination dans la politique mondiale.
From Olympic Boycott to Soft Power: The PRC’s Evolving Olympic Aspirations, 1980-2008
Authors: Eaton Joseph
Published: June 2020

J’examine deux événements précis de la République populaire de la Chine (RPC) lors des Jeux olympiques (JO) - le premier, la participation de la Chine au boycott dirigé par les États-Unis des JO d’été 1980 à Moscou et la façon dont les médias chinois ont interprété ce boycott ; le second, les aspirations de la Chine à renforcer son image mondiale à travers des JO de 2008 à Pékin. Ces deux événements témoignent un changement des attentes de la Chine en matière de compétition sportive et de soft power entre 1980 et 2008. Bien que la puissance relative de la Chine ait augmenté de façon exponentielle entre 1980 et 2008, il est cependant possible d’interpréter ces épisodes de la même façon : la volonté constante de la ROC d’employer des compétitions sportives internationales pour renforcer son image. Pourtant, des doutes subsistent quant à l’efficacité de la Chine d’utiliser le sport olympique comme outil de soft power.
How to evaluate the Chinese interference in the EU: Mapping China’s Influence Strategy in Brussels
Authors: Genaille Quentin
Published: June 2020

Depuis les années cinquante, un réseau d’organisations chinoises dense a émergé pour devenir aujourd’hui l’une des pierres angulaires de l’influence chinoise à Bruxelles. Cet article adopte une approche quantitative du soft power chinois résultant de la cartographie exhaustive des principales organisations ayant des objectifs d’influence des processus décisionnels européens et du public. Alors que les relations entre ces organisations s’étendent de la collaboration sporadique au financement régulier, ces dernières peuvent être divisées en trois catégories interconnectées selon leur domaine d’action politique : la recherche, la culture et le commerce. Cet article cherche à donner des outils de compréhension des méthodes concrètes d’influence chinoise à Bruxelles. De fait, la présence d’organisations et de leaders d’opinion cultivant les récits pro-Pékin participe à la normalisation des valeurs et des aspirations de la Chine dans le monde. Dès lors, le discours du Parti communiste chinois dans l’UE bénéficie d’une plus grande visibilité et légitimité mises au service d’objectifs plus larges de changement systémique dans l’architecture des organisations internationales, comme il est déjà perceptible dans certaines institutions.
Leçons d’un lettré chinois du dix-septième siècle sur l’extrémisme religieux
Authors: Meynard Thierry , Hongfan Yang
Published: June 2020

L’extrémisme religieux est un phénomène historique fréquent. Quand le christianisme arriva en Chine au seizième siècle, il fut à la fois victime du gouvernement impérial qui n’admettait aucune organisation parallèle, mais afin de s’implanter il développa aussi tout un discours antibouddhiste. Cette étude présente d’abord le contexte des attaques chrétiennes envers le bouddhisme et les réactions tardives du milieu bouddhiste au début du dix-septième siècle, puis elle analyse le cas assez exceptionnel d’un bouddhiste chinois qui fut attiré un certain temps par le christianisme avant de le rejeter complètement et de lancer lui-même une campagne anti-chrétienne. Nous montrerons comment les idées bouddhistes et confucéennes sur la réalité ultime l’ont finalement conduit à aller au-delà de l’extrémisme du sectarisme religieux.
Rhétorique de l’ingérence et lutte pour la légitimité
Authors: Souiah Farida
Published: June 2020

Les manifestant·es affirment la singularité du Hirak et rejettent toutes les prises de position diplomatiques étrangères, y compris lorsqu’elles s’expriment en leur faveur. Dans un pays où la question de l’ingérence est sensible pour des raisons historiques, et sa rhétorique partagée aussi bien par le pouvoir que par ses opposant·es, ce rejet doit être analysé dans le contexte spécifique où il est énoncé ainsi qu’en miroir des discours des autorités visant à décourager ou à discréditer la contestation.
J’ai raté la révolution du 22 février
Authors: Benadouda Abdallah
Published: June 2020

L’absent a toujours tort. A fortiori s’il rate la révolution qui chante dans son pays, quitté pour le Nouveau Monde. Abdallah Benadouda tente, avec un brin de mauvaise foi, de faire mentir l’adage en livrant une ode à son pays et à son peuple et rétablit ainsi la voix de l’absent qui n’en croit pas ses yeux face au surgissement du monde nouveau.
Soulèvement et création – Fièvres ou faire théâtre « avec du Hirak »
Authors: Benfodil Mustapha
Published: June 2020

Mustapha Benfodil est écrivain, poète, dramaturge et journaliste au quotidien algérien El Watan . Il est notamment l’auteur de la pièce Fièvres , écrite lors d’une résidence de création à La Chartreuse (Centre national des écritures du spectacle) à Villeneuve-Lès-Avignon, du 23 septembre au 4 octobre 2019, et dont les premières représentations ont eu lieu les 21 et 22 février 2020 au Kaaitheater, à Bruxelles, dans le cadre du festival Moussem Cities / Algiers. Il nous en présente ici quelques extraits.
Mise à l’épreuve du système de règlement des différends de l’OMC. Est-ce un rejet du multilatéralisme ou une mise en cause de l’ordre économique actuel ?
Authors: Sierpinski Batyah , Tourard Hélène
Published: June 2020

L’OMC est une organisation internationale représentative du multilatéralisme. Or, si ce dernier concept est actuellement en situation d’échec concernant les négociations commerciales, les difficultés touchent également le système de règlement des différends, qui contribue pourtant à la renommée de l’OMC. Ce système présente depuis l’origine des défauts auxquels s’ajoutent également des problèmes liés à la pratique. Cependant, cette situation délicate est encore aggravée par une préoccupation institutionnelle récente : le blocage de la nomination des membres de l’Organe d’appel, rouage essentiel du système de règlement des différends. Malgré les projets de réforme, les risques d’une disparition du mécanisme de règlement des différends, voire de l’OMC elle-même, sont réels, dans un climat de rejet du multilatéralisme.
L’OIT, les normes et l’histoire
Authors: Hoehtker Dorothea
Published: June 2020

Cette contribution retrace l’histoire de l’Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT), aujourd’hui une agence spécialisée de l’ONU, à travers son activité principale : l’élaboration, l’adoption et l’application des normes internationales du travail. L’OIT est une organisation tripartite où les normes internationales du travail sont négociées entre les représentants des gouvernements, des travailleurs et des employeurs. L’article analyse les débuts d’une législation internationale du travail au XIX e  siècle, le contexte spécifique de la création de l’OIT comme institution tripartite en 1919 et l’impact qu’ont eu sur son action normative le paradigme des droits de l’homme, la guerre froide, la décolonisation et, finalement, la mondialisation sous les auspices du néo-libéralisme. Les conséquences sociales, économiques et politiques de cette dernière ont contribué à déclencher une crise profonde de l’action normative qui se traduit notamment par une difficulté croissante des constituants de l’OIT à négocier des compromis.
Les contes en thérapie avec des enfants souffrant d’hyperactivité et de déficit de l’attention
Authors: Duc Marwood Alessandra
Published: June 2020

Nous allons aborder dans cet article l’utilisation des contes dans des thérapies avec des enfants pour lesquels le diagnostic de THADA a été posé. Nous développerons la question du choix des contes, de la manière de travailler au fil du processus thérapeutique en favorisant la création d’un espace où l’enfant peut commencer à se rêver puis s’appuyer sur la structure des contes pour progressivement construire des récits qui servent de contenants à des ressentis non verbalisables. Finalement nous verrons comment les contes deviennent un espace intersubjectif dans lequel le dialogue prend peu à peu la place de l’agitation.
Circular Economy and Sustainability
Authors: Costa Berta José , Rodrigues Susana , Moreno Pilar
Published: June 2020

In the last decades, the concern over natural resources, sustainability, and the current linear economic model based on continuous growth is one of the great challenges of our time. The assumption that there is an unlimited supply of natural resources and that the environment has an unlimited capacity to absorb waste and pollution is no longer a current trend, and growing attention has been paid to it worldwide. This chapter represents a contribution to the continuous conceptual development of circular economy and sustainability, and it also reviews how these two concepts have evolved over the past decades. An extensive literature review was conducted, employing bibliometric analysis to scrutinise the state of the art, the perspectives, the agreements and disagreements among these concepts and their correlation.
Territory Democratization and Institutional Design in Urban Green Innovation
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: June 2020

This chapter has the objective to analyze the elements of urban green innovation based on the guarantee of the public interest to decentralize the infrastructure to democratize the territory and innovate the institutional design to address the complexity of the challenges in the city. The method employed is the critical analysis supported by a review of the literature and consultation of experts in the field. It is concluded that the urban green innovation capacity planning has a critical role in urban innovation development in specific areas of economic growth, social inclusion and equality, environmental sustainability, health, education, business, etc. To achieve these aims, urban green innovation requires one to guarantee the public interest, the democratization of the territory, and the new institutional design.
The Circular Economy Solution to Ocean Sustainability
Authors: Barroso Sónia , Pinto Filipa R. , Silva Agostinho , Silva Frederica Gil , Duarte Ana M. , Gil Maria M.
Published: June 2020

This chapter gives a good grounding in view of the development of innovative technological solutions that enhance the valorisation and efficient use of marine resources through the integration of value chains, in a logic of circular economy, articulating food industry, biotechnology, and fisheries. Economy is a business model that extends the circular economy principles of sustainability and reuse to activities influencing the world's aquatic ecosystems, not only seas, oceans, and coastlines, but rivers and lakes, too. Both combine concepts of design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, regenerate natural systems, sustainability, and share economy. However, the blue economy goes further to strengthen competitiveness by lowering costs and pursuing a more effective economy of scale. Consequently, the circular economy is becoming increasingly tinged with blue. The aim of this chapter was to present two case studies on sustainable business strategies for the circular blue economy.
Deep Leaning Using Keras
Authors: Joshi Deepa , Anwarul Shahina , Mishra Vidyanand
Published: June 2020

A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) known as deep learning consists of statistical analysis algorithms known as artificial neural networks (ANN) inspired by the structure and function of the brain. The accuracy of predicting a task has tremendously improved with the implementation of deep neural networks, which in turn incorporate deep layers into the model allowing the system to learn complex data. This chapter intends to give a straightforward manual for the complexities of Google's Keras framework that is easy to understand. The basic steps for the installation of Anaconda, CUDA, along with deep learning libraries, specifically Keras and Tensorflow, are discussed. A practical approach towards solving deep learning problems in order to identify objects in CIFAR 10 dataset is explained in detail. This will help the audience in understanding deep learning through substantial practical examples to perceive algorithms instead of theory discussions.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Analysis for Breast Cancer Histology Images
Authors: Kumar E. Sudheer , Bindu C. Shoba , Madhu Sirivella
Published: June 2020

Breast cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death worldwide, and early diagnostics significantly increases the chances of correct treatment and survival, but this process is tedious. The relevance and potential of automatic classification algorithms using Hematoxylin-Eosin stained histopathological images have already been demonstrated, but the reported results are still sub-optimal for clinical use. Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has been gaining popularity for analyzing histopathological images. Based on the predominant cancer type, the goal is to classify images into four categories of normal, benign, in situ carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma. The convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed to retrieve information at different scales, including both nuclei and overall tissue organization. This chapter utilizes several deep neural network architectures and gradient boosted trees classifier to classify the histology images among four classes. Hence, this approach has outperformed existing approaches in terms of accuracy and implementation complexity.
Malaria Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Gautam Kanika , Jangir Sunil Kumar , Kumar Manish , Sharma Jay
Published: June 2020

Malaria is a disease caused when a female Anopheles mosquito bites. There are over 200 million cases recorded per year with more than 400,000 deaths. Current methods of diagnosis are effective; however, they work on technologies that do not produce higher accuracy results. Henceforth, to improve the prediction rate of the disease, modern technologies need to be performed for obtain accurate results. Deep learning algorithms are developed to detect, learn, and determine the containing parasites from the red blood smears. This chapter shows the implementation of a deep learning algorithm to identify the malaria parasites with higher accuracy.
Emotion Recognition With Facial Expression Using Machine Learning for Social Network and Healthcare
Authors: Yadav Anju , Shankar Venkatesh Gauri , Verma Vivek Kumar
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, machine learning application on facial expression recognition (FER) is studied for seven emotional states (disgust, joy, surprise, anger, sadness, contempt, and fear) based on FER describing coefficient. FER has many practical importance in various area like social network, robotics, healthcare, etc. Further, a literature review of existing machine learning approaches for FER is discussed, and a novel approach for FER is given for static and dynamic images. Then the results are compared with the other existing approaches. The chapter also covers additional related issues of applications, various challenges, and opportunities in future FER. For security-based face detection systems that can identify an individual, in any form of expression he introduces himself. Doctors will use this system to find the intensity of illness or pain of a deaf and dumb patient. The proposed model is based on machine learning application with three types of prototypes, which are pre-trained model, single layer augmented model, and multi-layered augmented model, having a combined accuracy of approx. 99%.
A Survey on Recent Recommendation Systems for the Tourism Industry
Authors: Ranjith S. , Paul P. Victer
Published: June 2020

Data mining is an important field that derives insights from the data and recommendation systems. Recommendation systems have become common in recent years in the field of tourism. These are widely used as a tool that can input various selection criteria and user preferences and yields travel recommendations to tourists. User's style and preferences should be constructed accurately so as to supply most relevant suggestions. Researchers proposed various types of tourism recommendation systems (TRS) in order to improve the accuracy and user satisfaction. In this chapter, the authors studied the current state of tourism recommendation system models and discussed their preference criteria. As a part of that, the authors studied various important preference factors in TRS and categorized them based on their likeness. This chapter reports TRS model future directions and compiles a comprehensive reference list to assist researchers.
Importance of Creativity and Innovation for Gastronomy and Business Tourism
Authors: Boz Nurgül , Ozturk Hande Mutlu
Published: June 2020

Gastronomy examines, researches, and applies the food and beverage culture of a society in the historical process. Gastronomy is also a field of science that includes elements of science and art. The aim of gastronomy education is to train experts with the knowledge and equipment needed by the sector. Creativity is an important parameter in the field of gastronomy. The concept of creativity can be defined in different ways. In a simple way, creativity is used in the meaning of creating, revealing, and discovering the unknown. The Torrance scale is one of the most widely used methods for measuring creativity. In this chapter, the effect of gender, the type of school graduated at high school, and pre-school education on creativity was examined for undergraduate students studying gastronomy at the universities. The importance of gastronomy in business tourism is increasing. The development of creative ideas and thoughts by gastronomy employees can positively affect gastronomy tourism.
Smart Cars, Smart Cities, and Smart Sharing
Authors: Pasalar Celen , Hallowell George D. , Lu Yanhua
Published: June 2020

Streets, plazas, and parks are important components of a city that play a key role in affording socio-cultural, political, and economic activities for the benefit of society. The physical nature of these urban spaces facilitates sharing of resources, infrastructures, good, services, experiences, and capabilities. Recent socio-economic and technological changes have resulted in a new generation of city design and planning paradigms shifting the way that urban public and semi-public forms and spaces are designed, managed, and used. This chapter addresses the foundational changes brought by smart, or autonomous (AV), vehicles; smart city technologies; and the business models and associated technologies of sharing. The primary goal is to examine how these three socio-economic and technological changes may influence the use of current and future urban public space. It further informs designers on how urban spaces can provide opportunities to create new relationships of use and engaging public experiences through technology.
Green Cinema
Authors: Panda Pritam
Published: June 2020

Nature has everything for man's need but not for man's greed. This classic statement by the father of the nation sounds merely like a didactic one-liner instead of being realised as a universal thought in the present paranoia. The unquenchable thirst for material success has instigated humanity into destroying the natural green womb from where it has sprouted. The big-ticket Hollywood blockbusters like Avatar and Wall E have demonstrated the ecological concerns in an effective manner. Indian celluloid is devoid of such extravagance and romanticised imaginative depiction on a colossal scale. This chapter attempts to analyse the ambit of green Indian films. It covers the religious ethos and the modern scientific need for conserving the environment plus the intertwining of political and economic dynamics with the ecological narratives.
Global Natural Common Goods
Authors: Castelo Carmen Velayos
Published: June 2020

During premodernity, the argumentation about natural common goods goes a long way towards explaining that nobody can be excluded from them, and this view in the West has been deepened, for example, by philosophers/jurists in the 16th century such as Francisco de Vitoria. But it was progressively abandoned, and in the 19th, it was not definitely a popular topic of reflection. Anyway, it begins to be recuperated by the work of Olson and others during the 1960s. The author's aim is to analyze the ethical basis of all these new recuperations by social scientists, especially characterized by Elinor Ostrom (The Govern of Commons) and to introduce a proper philosophical debate about them. Questions and proposals that have to do with the common sphere (res publica) would lead us to introduce new political, anthropological, and ethical clues. The results of the exacerbation of modern individualism are essentially contradictory with commons. Then, the author analyzes the current methods to guarantee the commons and their limitations.
Heritage Storytelling
Authors: Falcone Paola
Published: June 2020

There is a growing interest towards storytelling in communication management. Stories work. How can stories and storytelling support heritage communication? The first part of the chapter aims at describing the fundamental role storytelling can play for heritage sites, identifying its benefits. It analyses its being a process of co-creation, made by storytellers and story holders. The second part of the chapter identifies and describes the most relevant aspects to consider for an effective storytelling: from finding good stories to being able to tell them through different channels, creating transmedia narrations.
Analysis of the Barriers to Green Supply Chain Management Implementation
Authors: Eser Merve , İrak Gülay
Published: June 2020

The statistical analysis of the data obtained by the survey method was performed with SPSS 22.0 program. According to the findings of the research, the most important barriers in the implementation of green supply chain management are green projects with high investment costs in construction, changing facilities and equipment, as well as the international crisis and economic downturn. These barriers are raw material costs are higher in green applications, green projects having high operating costs, and high prices in green applications unable to compete with lower prices of competitors, respectively. Another finding of the study is that there is no significant difference between the implementation status of the green projects and the duration of the export activity on the barriers encountered in the implementation of GSCM.
Ensuring the Relevance of Independent Smallholder Farmers (ISHFs) Through Sustainable Sourcing Practices
Authors: Ratnam Muhilan
Published: June 2020

Malaysia and Indonesia have been the main sources of supply for palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), and other palm-related derivatives for most multi-national companies (MNCs). However, deforestation, new legislation in Europe, and stakeholder expectations have posed significant challenges to this industry. In response to these challenges, companies are looking at driving key sustainability initiatives in palm oil supply chains while remaining beneficial to the farmers. This chapter discusses the findings of a collaborative research project conducted through active academic-industry collaboration in South East Asia and shares an approach to identify and incorporate traceability within the supply chain. Critically, it also aims to provide a framework for both academicians and practitioners towards developing a collaborative approach of driving sustainability goals in difficult to measure parts of the supply chain. Importantly, this work also highlights the key aspects of implementing sustainability practices in the upstream palm oil supply chains, which are often ignored.
Facilitating the Shift From Teacher Centred to Student Centred University Teaching
Authors: Torrisi-Steele Geraldine
Published: June 2020

Design thinking is gaining momentum across the many fields of human endeavour, including education. Its use in education is predominantly to shape learning activities undertaken by students with the aim of nurturing the growth of desirable 21st century capabilities in students. There is relatively less attention given to the application of design thinking as a process for educators to engage in with the aim of developing curriculum and teaching practices that are characteristically student centred. In the present article, the author brings to the fore the suitability of design thinking as a process with the potential to further provoke the necessary shift in university teaching from teacher centred, instructive approaches towards the more desirable constructivist, and student centred approaches.
Closing the Experiential Learning Loops Using Learning Analytics Cycle
Authors: Hasnine Mohammad Nehal , Ogata Hiroaki , Akçapınar Gökhan , Mouri Kousuke , Kaneko Keiichi
Published: June 2020

In ubiquitous learning, authentic experiences are captured and later reused as those are rich resources for foreign vocabulary development. This article presents an experiential theory-oriented approach to the design of learning analytics support for sharing and reusing authentic experiences. In this regard, first, a conceptual framework to support vocabulary learning using learners' authentic experiences is proposed. Next, learning experiences are captured using a context-aware ubiquitous learning system. Finally, grounded in the theoretical framework, the development of a web-based tool called learn from others (LFO) panel is presented. The LFO panel analyzes various learning logs (authentic, partially-authentic, and words) using the profiling method while determining the top-five learning partners inside a seamless learning analytics platform. This article contributes to the research in the area of theory-oriented design of learning analytics for vocabulary learning through authentic activities and focuses on closing the loops of experiential learning using learning analytics cycles.
Effectiveness of Normalization Over Processing of Textual Data Using Hybrid Approach Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Johal Sukhnandan Kaur , Mohana Rajni
Published: June 2020

Various natural language processing tasks are carried out to feed into computerized decision support systems. Among these, sentiment analysis is gaining more attention. The majority of sentiment analysis relies on the social media content. This web content is highly un-normalized in nature. This hinders the performance of decision support system. To enhance the performance, it is required to process data efficiently. This article proposes a novel method of normalization of web data during the pre-processing phase. It is aimed to get better results for different natural language processing tasks. This research applies this technique on data for sentiment analysis. Performance of different learning models is analysed using precision, recall, f-measure, fallout for normalize and un-normalize sentiment analysis. Results shows after normalization, some documents shift their polarity i.e. negative to positive. Experimental results show normalized data processing outperforms un-normalized data processing with better accuracy.
DUICM Deep Underwater Image Classification Mobdel using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Aridoss Manimaran , Dhasarathan Chandramohan , Dumka Ankur , Loganathan Jayakumar
Published: June 2020

Classification of underwater images is a challenging task due to wavelength-dependent light propagation, absorption, and dispersion distort the visibility of images, which produces low contrast and degraded images in difficult operating environments. Deep learning algorithms are suitable to classify the turbid images, for that softmax activation function used for classification and minimize cross-entropy loss. The proposed deep underwater image classification model (DUICM) uses a convolutional neural network (CNN), a machine learning algorithm, for automatic underwater image classification. It helps to train the image and apply the classification techniques to categorise the turbid images for the selected features from the Benchmark Turbid Image Dataset. The proposed system was trained with several underwater images based on CNN models, which are independent to each sort of underwater image formation. Experimental results show that DUICM provides better classification accuracy against turbid underwater images. The proposed neural network model is validated using turbid images with different characteristics to prove the generalization capabilities.
Exploring the Role of E-Servicescape Dimensions on Customer Online Shopping
Authors: Yadav Rohit , Mahara Tripti
Published: June 2020

With limited empirical evidence and an incomplete understanding of e-servicescape environment, its effects on e-commerce websites still needs to be explored. Hence, the study understands and assesses the effects of e-servicescape environment on customer purchase behavior, considering the moderating role of gender. The stimulus-organism-response framework was adapted to formulate a conceptual model, in which the e-servicescape (stimulus) features were modelled as an antecedent of customer trust (organism) on website that directs customer behaviour of purchase intention (response). To conduct an analysis, a data sample of 304 responses was collected from those who have earlier used e-commerce websites using a structural equation modelling technique. Results of the study shows that e-servicescape dimensions are a strong predictor of trust that strongly impacts customer purchase intention. Results further reveal that in an online environment, the gender gap is depleting as it impacts all three dimensions of the e-servicescape on customer behavior which remains consistent for both groups.
Employee Review Websites as Source of Recruitment Communication
Authors: Kaur Tavleen , Dubey Ritesh Kumar
Published: June 2020

Persuasive research shows that more credible sources of information are more influential in changing the attitude and gaining behavioral compliance. In this article, the authors examine whether perceptions regarding source credibility, realistic information and specific information in the web recruitment context differs on three different recruitment media. The three different recruitment media taken in this study are employee review website (www.glassdoor.com), professional networking website (www.linkedin.com) and the company's own webpages. The employee review website and professional networking website belong to the company independent website category since they are not controlled by a particular organization. The company's own webpages belong to a company dependent website category as every organization has its own website. This study compares and investigates company independent websites versus company dependent websites as a tool for providing recruitment communication on three different parameters, namely source credibility, realistic information, and specific information. The study is conducted in India and the results are based on responses obtained from 283 students actively looking for jobs. The results suggest that job seekers perceive company independent websites (employee review website and networking website) to be more credible. These websites provide more realistic and specific information than the company dependent website. The authors also examine the role of realistic information, source credibility and specific information as antecedents to organizational attractiveness. How social media can be instrumental in employee engagement is also discussed.
Reproductive phenology of yellow pitaya in a high-altitude tropical region in Brazil
Authors: Rabelo Josimara Mendes , Cruz Maria do Céu Monteiro , Alves Deilson de Almeida , Lima João Esdras , Reis Letícia Alves Carvalho , Santos Nubia Cassiana
Published: June 2020

Pitaya species cultivation in Brazil is recent, and information on the production of the species Selenicereus megalanthus, known as yellow pitaya, is non-existent because research in the country has focused on the species Hylocereus undatus. The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the reproductive phenology of the species S. megalanthus, in a high-altitude climate conditions in Brazil. The study orchard of yellow pitaya was located at an altitude of 726 metres, 18º 04' 15" S latitude and 43º 28' 15" W longitude, and has an Aw climate, classified as high-altitude tropical. Phenological evaluations were carried out through visual observations, from the beginning of floral button formation until the end of the fruit harvest, during three production cycles. On each plant, flower buds were marked to determine the time from floral button formation until flower anthesis and from flower fertilisation until fruit ripening. The period of flowering and harvesting of the yellow pitaya was determined according to the phenological stage records. Flowering began in the spring, with successive flowering events until the autumn. The time between floral button formation until anthesis ranged from 46 to 55 days. The time from flower fertilisation until fruit ripening ranged from 96 to 110 days. Fruit harvest began in the summer and ended in winter. The reproductive cycle of S. megalanthus is longer than H. undatus and H. polyrhizus, which are also cultivated in Brazil, ranging from 147 to 166 days from floral button formation to fruit harvest.
Somatic embryogenesis from mature split seeds of jaboticaba (Plinia peruviana (Poir) Govaerts)
Authors: Silveira Sheila Susy , Sant'Anna-Santos Bruno Francisco , Degenhardt-Goldbach Juliana , Quoirin Marguerite
Published: June 2020

Plinia peruviana is a species that is native to Brazil and is important due to the taste and medicinal properties of its fruits. Young leaves and split mature seeds were used as explants to initiate somatic embryogenesis to obtain a large number of plants in a short period of time. Leaf discs were cultured in MS medium containing various concentrations of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid). In the case of the mature seeds, various concentrations of glutamine, 2,4-D and a combination of auxin and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) were tested for somatic embryogenesis induction. For somatic embryo maturation, several concentrations of PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycol; up to 90 g L-1) were tested. After 60 days of culture using leaf discs, callus formation occurred in all treatments, with the highest averages obtained with 10 μM 2,4-D. However, these calluses did not form somatic embryos. For the cultured seeds, the best treatment was the MS medium with 1,000 mg L-1 glutamine and 10 μM 2,4-D without BAP. The supplementation of 60 g L-1 PEG 6000 was sufficient to promote the maturation of the somatic embryos. Histological analyses of the calluses that were formed from leaf discs showed nonembryogenic characteristics. In contrast, the calluses that originated from mature seeds had small and round cells with little vacuolation, which are characteristics of embryogenic structures.