bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The frequency and content of televised UK gambling advertising during the men’s 2020 Euro soccer tournament
Authors: Newall Philip Warren Stirling , Ferreira Catia , Sharman Steve
Published: October 2022

Gambling marketing is frequently visible in the UK, especially around the national sport, soccer. Previous research has documented the frequency with which gambling marketing logos can be seen in domestic club soccer, and also the frequency of television advertising around international tournaments. The present research investigates the frequency and content of television advertising during the men’s 2020 Euro soccer tournament, a high-profile tournament shown since the industry’s voluntary “whistle-to-whistle ban” on gambling advertising came into effect. Overall, 113 gambling adverts were recorded (4.5 adverts per relevant match). Financial inducements were the most frequently shown category (56.6%), followed by adverts raising awareness of a given operator’s brand (19.5%), adverts featuring the odds on specific complex bets (18.6%), and adverts promoting safer gambling (5.3%). Adverts featured a range of safer gambling messages, with the “when the fun stops, stop” message featuring in 56.6% of adverts. This research indicates that gambling advertising remains a frequent part of the experience of watching live televised soccer in the UK, and shows how the content of this advertising was comparable to what has been seen in the previous literature.
Talking to talkers: Infants’ talk status, but not their gender, is related to language input
Authors: Dailey Shannon , Bergelson Elika
Published: October 2022

Prior research points to gender differences in some early language skills, but is inconclusive about the mechanisms at play, providing evidence that both infants’ early input and productions may differ by gender. This study examined the linguistic input and early productions of 44 American English-learning infants (93% White) in a longitudinal sample of home recordings collected at 6–17 months (in 2014–2016). Girls produced more unique words than boys (Cohen’s d=0.67) and this effect grew with age, but there were no significant gender differences in language input (d=0.22–.24). Instead, caregivers talked more to infants who had begun to talk (d=0.93–.97), regardless of gender. Therefore, prior results highlighting gender- based input differences may have been due, at least partly, to this talking-to-talkers effect.
How Threat Shapes Attention and Memory in the Himba, a Remote People of Namibia
Authors: Blumenthal Anna , Caparos Serge , Blanchette Isabelle
Published: October 2022

Threatening stimuli capture our attention more rapidly than benign stimuli, and threatening experiences lead to longer-lasting and more vivid episodic memories. The canonical interpretation of these findings is that humans share an evolved fear response that enables prioritized processing of threatening stimuli, providing a survival advantage. This response is assumed to be universal,however, these findings have been documented almost entirely in WEIRD (white, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations. Here, we address this gap by examining threat detection and fear memories in a remote African culture, the Himba. We found that threats captured attention more rapidly than benign stimuli, and that fear memories, despite differing in content, were shaped by threat (episodic, vivid) in a similar manner to that reported in WEIRD populations.
Reproducible Methods for Face Research
Authors: DeBruine Lisa Marie , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , Tiddeman Bernard , Jones Benedict C
Published: October 2022

Face stimuli are commonly created in ways that are not explained well enough for others to reproduce them. In this paper, we document the irreproducibility of most face stimuli, explain the benefits of reproducible stimuli, and introduce the open-source R package webmorphR that facilitates scriptable face image processing. We explain the technical processes of morphing and transforming through a case study of creating face stimuli from an open-access image set. Finally, we discuss some ethical and methodological issues around the use of face images in research that may be ameliorated through the use of reproducible stimuli.
Can group-based strategies increase community resilience? Longitudinal predictors of sustained participation in Covid-19 mutual aid and community support groups
Authors: Perach Rotem , Fernandes-Jesus Maria , Miranda Daniel , Mao Guanlan , Ntontis Evangelos , Cocking Chris , McTague Michael , Semlyen Joanna , Drury John
Published: October 2022

Mutual aid groups have been a critical part of the Covid-19 response and continue to address the needs of people in their communities. To understand how mutual aid and similar community support groups can be sustained over time, we test the idea that using group-based strategies, such as interacting with other organizations, initiates psychological trajectories that shape future participation. We conducted a pre-registered longitudinal survey among Covid-19 mutual aid and community support volunteers in the UK (nWave 1 = 600, May 2021; nWave2 = 299, July-August, 2021). Assessments included measures of group-based strategies, collective participation predictors (e.g., sense of community responsibility), participation experience (e.g., positive affect), and sustained participation. Volunteers engaged in a wide range of support activities including shopping, emotional support provision, and deliveries. Two group-based strategies – group alliances and group horizontality – longitudinally predicted sustained participation. In addition, sense of community responsibility and burnout were longitudinal predictors of sustained participation. Importantly, predictors of sustained participation diverged for volunteers with different levels of volunteering experience. Our findings highlight group-based strategies as a potential resource for organizers. Use can be tailored depending on the profiles of individual Covid-19 mutual aid volunteers. These findings have significance beyond Covid-19 as they are relevant to sustaining community resilience more generally.
Trait-Anxious People Take Longer to Search for Happy Faces in the Presence of Neutral and Fearful Distractors
Authors: Tipura Eda , Souto David , Fox Elaine
Published: October 2022

A large body of evidence suggests that processing of affective information is typically disrupted in anxiety. It has also been hypothesized that anxious individuals are less able to evaluate contextual cues and to respond in an adaptive way to stress. In the present study, 25 participants (16 Female; 9 Male) scoring high (scores of 45 or above) and 26 participants (13 Female; 13 Male) scoring low (scores of 35 and below) on a standardized measure of trait-anxiety performed an emotion search task to investigate attentional biases when the task provides an explicit emotional context. An emotional context was set in each block by asking participants to look as quickly as possible at a face expressing a specific emotion, while eye movements were being recorded. On each trial two faces appeared, one of them expressing the target emotion and the other one expressing a distractor emotion. High trait-anxious participants showed slower response times (time to look at the instructed emotion), regardless of the affective context, compared to the control group. Additionally, we found slower responses to happy faces (positive context) in the anxious group in the presence of neutral and fearful distractors. Cognitive control may therefore be disrupted in anxiety, as anxious people take longer to process (search for) happy faces, presumably because attentional resources are drawn by neutral and fearful distractors. Those differences were not observed in a simple reaction times task, which suggests that attentional biases and not differential processing of low-level facial features, are responsible for those differences.
When Group Members Dissent: A Direct Comparison of the Black Sheep and Intergroup Sensitivity Effects
Authors: Reiman Anna , Killoran Tina
Published: October 2022

How do people react to opinion conflict occurring within an ingroup? Whereas some work suggests that dissenting ingroup members evoke more negativity than equivalently dissenting outgroup members (termed the black sheep effect), other research instead finds that people are more receptive to dissent from within the group relative to the same opinion originating from outsiders (termed the intergroup sensitivity effect). We sought to integrate these largely independent lines of work by investigating how people react to opinion conflict within and between groups based on U.S. political party affiliation. Participants read about a target person, “Robert C.,” with whom they shared or did not share party affiliation. Robert C. criticized (Study 1; N = 637; preregistered) or insulted (Study 2; N = 647; preregistered) the Democratic or Republican party. Ingroup members who criticized or insulted the ingroup elicited more negativity than outgroup members who criticized or insulted the outgroup, representing the black sheep effect. Moreover, criticism and insults targeting the ingroup elicited more negativity when they originated from an outgroup (vs. ingroup) member, representing the intergroup sensitivity effect. Taken together, the present studies demonstrate that whereas ingroup critics are at times perceived as black sheep, they are also afforded a degree of benefit of the doubt. We suggest that both of these effects may be driven by social identity concerns.
A Predictive Coding Approach to Estimating the Complexity of Popular Music Drum Patterns
Authors: Senn Olivier
Published: October 2022

This study presents a method to estimate the complexity of popular music drum patterns based on a core idea from predictive coding. Specifically, it postulates that the complexity of a drum pattern depends on the quantity of surprisal it causes in the listener. Surprisal, according to predictive coding theory, is a numerical measure that takes large values when the perceiver’s inner model of the surrounding world fails to predict the actual stream of sensory data (i.e. when the perception surprises the perceiver), and low values if model predictions and sensory data agree. The proposed new method first approximates a listener’s inner model of a popular music drum pattern (using ideas on inculturation and a Bayesian learning process). It then quantifies the listener’s surprisal evaluating the discrepancies between the predictions of the inner model and the actual drum pattern. It finally estimates drum pattern complexity from surprisal. The method was optimised and tested using a set of forty popular music drum patterns, for which empirical perceived complexity measurements are available. The new method provided complexity estimates that had a good fit with the empirical measurements (R2=.852). This suggests that surprisal indeed captures essential aspects of complexity, and that it may serve as the basis for a general theory of perceived complexity.
A solider and a victim: Masculinity, violence, and incels celebration of Marc Lépine
Authors: Halpin Michael , Preston Kayla , Lockyer Dem , Maguire Finlay
Published: October 2022

In 1989, Marc Lépine murdered 14 women at L’École Polytechnique de Montréal. In this paper, we demonstrate how involuntarily celibate (“incel”) men celebrate Lépine and claim him as a member of their community. Our analysis draws on 637 comments made on incels.is, the main English-language incel forum, that explicitly mention Marc Lépine. We argue that incels use Lépine to situate themselves in relation to masculinity and to justify violence against women. First, incels celebrate Lépine as a methodical and efficient murderer, connecting both themselves and Lépine to hegemonic masculinity. Second, incels orient to both hegemonic and subordinate masculinity by arguing that feminists are waging a gender war against men. Third, incels describe both themselves and Lépine as victims of feminists and use this perceived subordination to justify violence against women. We discuss findings in relation to theories of masculinity and policies regulating online speech.
Solución del problema
Authors: VELASTEGUI RAMOS DARIO
Published: October 2022

Cuando se consideran todos los grados de libertad, alamatriz °Afjse le suele denominar T. Así, dado un robot de seisgrados de libertad,setiene que laposiciónyorientación del eslabón fínal vendrá dada porlamatriz T:T=% =''ATCA2}('A3)('A4)r<'s)(%)Aunqueparadescubrirlarelación queexisteentredoselementoscontiguossepuedehacerusodecualquiersistemadereferencia ligado acada elemento, laforma habitual que se suele utilizar en robótica eslarepresentación de DenavltHartenberg.(4)
Research Productivity Among Scholarly Communication Librarians
Authors: Hollister Christopher , Jensen Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Introduction: A growing number of academic libraries have specialized their support for scholarly communication by creating new positions or by expanding units with a focus on providing relevant services. This study was undertaken to explore the extent to which librarians with scholarly communication responsibilities produce research and scholarship, their motivations for doing so, the nature of that productivity, and the perceived impact of that activity on their professional responsibilities. Methods: The authors administered a survey of librarians who identified as having their primary job responsibilities in scholarly communication. Results: Almost all study participants produced their own scholarly work. However, a high percentage indicated that they received no relevant training in their library degree programs, and the majority experienced imposter syndrome pertaining to their own scholarship. Although most respondents were motivated to produce research by institutional expectations for promotion and tenure, greater percentages were driven by personal or professional interests. In addition, participants indicated a strong correlation between producing their own scholarship and their ability to effectively carry out their professional responsibilities. Discussion: There may be an emerging convention for scholarly communication librarianship, i.e., one that includes open education services. Findings suggest a need for scholarly communication training to be more prominent in library degree programs. They also point to the utility of making research production a job requirement, regardless of institutional expectations for professional advancement. Conclusion: The authors argue for adjustments in library education curricula and the inclusion of research production in the portfolios of scholarly communication librarians. Future research directions are proposed.
FEATURES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON INCREASE OF PHYSICAL WORKABILITY OF FEMALE STUDENTS AND THE COURSE
Authors: Milkina O. , Napalkova T.
Published: October 2022

The article analyzes the influence of physical education classes on the improvement of physical performance of female students of higher education institutions. It has been proven that the inadequacy of the content and volume of physical education in institutions of higher education is not able to fully solve the complex of tasks of physical improvement, spiritual and intellectual development of students of higher education. It was established that the low effectiveness of the implementation of the physical education program in institutions of higher education is caused not only by the lack of time allocated for mandatory physical education classes, but also by the insufficient development of scientifically based methods of building the educational process of physical education. In this regard, the indicated shortcomings in the system of compulsory classes are intended to compensate for self-active and independent forms of physical education organization under the conditions of leisure time, the potential possibilities of which attract the increased attention of modern theoreticians and practitioners. The independent process of physical improvement of female students determines the strengthening of the educational and methodological orientation of the pedagogical process, the assimilation of knowledge by female students that would allow them to rationally carry out physical and sports activities using various means of physical culture, traditional and non-traditional methods of physical education, as well as the full use of free time, increasing educational orientation of physical education specifically in the conditions of leisure time
THE METHOD OF FORMING THE NEED FOR PHYSICAL SELF-IMPROVEMENT OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Nebozhuk Oleh , Tychyna Iryna , Bolshakov Oleksandr , Olkhovyi Oleh , Babaiev Yurii , Khachatryan Artur , Fishchuk Ihor , Babych Maksim
Published: October 2022

The article, based on the analysis of sources, defines and analyzes the need for physical self-improvement of student youth, namely: the structure and main components of this need have not yet been fully disclosed; the method of step-by-step application of means and methods in forming the need for physical exercises has not been developed; methods of interest formation and motives of independent physical exercises are not sufficiently researched. It is noted that the professional training of student youth cannot be complete if it is limited only to mastering knowledge in the specialty, an indispensable requirement for the successful training of students of higher education in Ukraine is the mandatory availability of physical capabilities for each student to use their knowledge as efficiently as possible in future professional activities.

The analysis of literary sources and dissertation studies shows that the problem of forming the need for physical self- improvement is just beginning to be developed. Until now, the concept of "need for physical self-improvement" has not been clearly defined, the structure and main components of this need have not been revealed, the methodology for the step-by-step application of means and methods in the formation of the need for physical exercises has not been developed, the means and methods of forming interest and motives for independent exercises have not been sufficiently researched physical exercises.

The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of the method of forming the need for physical self-improvement among students of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Principal results. It is proved that the three-component program of formation of the need for physical self-improvement of future specialists proposed by the author covers all aspects of physical education and allows it to act as a fundamental process of forming a students’ physical culture, when the valuable components of this sphere of culture become for them an internal asset and an objective vital need.
THE EFFECT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Syrovatko Z. , Yеfremenko V.
Published: October 2022

The article determines the influence of distance learning on the development of physical qualities of students of higher education institutions. It was found that during the period of training using online technologies, there is a rapid decrease in the level of physical fitness of students of higher education.

In the course of the research, we used theoretical methods, in particular, the analysis and generalization of methodological, psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, which made it possible to study modern approaches to determining the level of development of physical qualities of participants in the educational process, in the conditions of distance learning; empirical: surveying students of higher education institutions to find out their motivational priorities.

It has been established that distance learning has a negative effect on the development of physical qualities.

Hypodynamia has a particularly adverse effect on the growth of young organisms. A large number of students have insufficient motor activity. At the same time, some students enjoy sports, the level of which requires them to perform relatively high volumes and intensities of physical activity. Therefore, the task of determining the optimal, as well as the minimum and maximum possible modes of motor activity arises. Motor activity has always been the most important link in the adaptation of living organisms to the environment, and in the process of evolution it was formed as a biological human need along with the needs for food, water, self-preservation and reproduction
Recommendations to officers regarding the organization and methods of individual physical improvement
Authors: Romanchuk S. , Tychyna I. , Oderov A. , Romanchuk V. , Bolshakov O. , Roliuk O. , Fishchuk I.
Published: October 2022

The peculiarities of the present, the significant workload of military personnel, the inability to methodically and correctly organize physical exercises contribute to the need to search for relevant directions, methods and ways of conducting individual exercises in various conditions of military service. For the effective performance of the human body, the physiologically determined interval between training classes is 24- 48 hours. It has been proven that in modern conditions physical training of the officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine has developed peculiarities, namely: it is carried out mainly by a complex method with general training, special and preventive orientation; the subordination of physical training to the stages of professional combat activity; inclusion of cyclic alternations of content during a certain stage of professional combat activity. Reasonable formation of physical training of officers ensures further improvement or support at the required level of development of basic physical and special qualities, motor skills and functional capabilities. We believe that a comprehensive method of conducting classes, the subordination of physical training to the stages of professional combat activity, the inclusion of all physical exercises in a cyclic extracurricular program will allow to more effectively influence the formation of the physical and combat readiness of the officer corps as a whole.
Determining the correlation between pedagogical tests and the result of total distances in kayaking
Authors: Flerchuk Viktor , Antonets Vasyl , Mozolyuk Oleksandr
Published: October 2022

The article examines the relationship between pedagogical tests and sports results at competitive distances, in kayaking. A well-grounded complex of informative pedagogical tests has been developed, which should be used to orient athletes for competitive distances of 200, 500, 1000 m, and when building a training process at the stages of preliminary and specialized basic training. For sports orientation at the stage of specialized basic training in kayaking, tests are offered that have a high probability of correlation with sports results at competitive distances. To determine the ability of rowers to sprint 200 m, experts suggest using tests characterizing power qualities, maximum power and power endurance, as well as speed capabilities. Athletes who demonstrate high speed at distances of 200 m have higher indicators of the efficiency of metabolic processes in conditions of intense work. When increasing the speed of passing tests, which determine speed capabilities, a high level of activity of anaerobic processes and the speed of deployment of functional reactions under the conditions of test loads in laboratory conditions are observed. A group of athletes specializing in the competitive distance of 500 m is characterized by a high level of anaerobic productivity, this group of athletes differs from other groups by the priority of tests in general physical training, high indicators of strength endurance, speed capabilities, speed and general endurance.

The high speed of passing the distance is associated with the manifestation of speed endurance and is mutually determined by the high efficiency of metabolic processes. At the same time, high activity of metabolic processes at a distance of 500 m and high activity of glycolysis were noted, which is confirmed by the positive correlation of indicators. For athletes specializing in the distance of 1000 m, the aerobic power of the body's systems is the leading one, and the main physical quality is endurance. Tests characterizing the aerobic power of body systems are defined as informative. Significant relationships were identified among strength endurance tests. The connection of sports results at different competitive distances with pedagogical tests, which are proposed to be used in the training activities of kayakers for their orientation to specific competitive distances, has been confirmed.
Dynamics of cadets’ physical fitness during field training
Authors: Yuriev S.O. , Zonov O.V. , Tseplyaev Yu.V. , Bolshakov O.O. , Hunchenko V.O. , Babaiev Yu.G. , Zimnikov O.O.
Published: October 2022

The article examines the level of development of basic physical qualities (speed, strength, endurance) in cadets of higher military educational institutions before and after field trainings, depending on the year of study and duration of field trainings. Cadets (male) of the Military Institute of Tank Troops of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (n=327) of different years of studying took part in the research. The research was carried out in 2019-2021 during field trainings, which were carried out in the autumn and spring periods (September-October, April-May). Research methods: analysis and generalization of literary sources, pedagogical observation, testing, methods of mathematical statistics. The level of cadets’ physical fitness was determined by exercises that characterize the development of physical qualities: speed – 100 m running, strength – pull-ups on the crossbar, endurance – 3 km running. The assessment was carried out in accordance with the standards defined in the Provisional Guidelines for Physical Training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It was found that the level of development of all physical qualities of cadets of all years of studying deteriorates during field trainings. The worst level among physical qualities after the return of cadets from field trainings was recorded in the indicators of endurance development. At the same time, the longer the duration of the field trainings, the more the level of physical fitness of the cadets deteriorates. The most pronounced deterioration in the level of development of physical qualities was found in junior year cadets. The obtained results indicate the need to improve the organization and methodology of conducting physical training with cadets during field trainings, which will contribute to maintaining the level of their physical fitness at the appropriate level.
Morphological features of structural rearrangement of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the main arteries
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. V. , Urvan O. G.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. According to the set goal of the work, we analyzed the results of morphological studies of atherosclerotic plaque in patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities as a consequence of obliterating atherosclerosis. The material of the study was fragments of the arteries of 12 patients affected by atherosclerotic plaque, taken during open surgical interventions on different arterial segments, and in 8 cases, autopsy material of atherosclerotic plaques of the femoral and tibial arteries was selected. The histological research method is applied. It is established that atherosclerotic plaque in the process of its development goes through a number of stages from lipid spot to atheromatosis, calcification and fibrosis with the development of complications such as ulceration, hemorrhage, thrombosis. In addition, the severity of atherosclerotic plaque leads to vascular stenosis and significant local or systemic hemodynamic changes, and thus determines the indications for a particular type of surgery for occlusive-stenotic diseases of the main arteries.
Electronic-microscopic changes of the heart of old rats with hyperhomocystemia
Authors: Kaminsky R. F.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys) is a pathological condition characterized by an increase in plasma homocysteine (HCys) levels above 15 μmol/l and causes abnormal functioning of the human body. Increasing the concentration of HCys in plasma can cause structural and functional changes in all organs and systems of the body, but, as research shows, the most vulnerable is the cardiovascular system. The aim of the research is to study the ultrastructural changes in the heart of old rats under conditions of HHCys. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear old (24-26 months) male rats. During the experiment, the animals were divided into two groups – control and experimental. Simulation of persistent HHCys was achieved by administering to rats the experimental group thiolactone HCys at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrally for 60 days. Ultrathin sections were studied in the PEM – 125K electron microscope. It was found that the introduction of thiolactone HCys to old rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg is associated with the development of destructive-dystrophic changes in the heart of animals. They are visible in all layers of the organ in the form of a significant increase in the volume of connective tissue. The lumens of most hemocapillaries were dilated and filled with blood cells. In endotheliocytes there are severe ultrastructural disorders, manifested by the disappearance of micropinocytic vesicles and caveolae, the formation of large caveolae-like structures, which led to a violation of transcapillary metabolism. Intracellular edema, hypertrophied mitochondria with locally enlightened matrix, destroyed crystals, damaged outer membrane were found in cardiomyocytes. Myofibrils became thinner, they showed lysis of myofibrils.
Morphological changes of the exocrine part of the pancreas under immobilization stress on the background of hypothyrosis
Authors: Viter U. V. , Lykhatskyi P. G. , Tupol L. D. , Hrymalyuk O. I.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. Stress is a condition that causes the body's cells to use large amounts of energy to acclimate to abnormal environmental conditions. Hypothyroidism affects almost all organs and systems of the body, in particular, the pancreas. The goal of our research is to study the effect of chronic immobilization stress against the background of hypothyroidism on the tissue structure of the exocrine part of the pancreas. The experimental rats were divided into three groups: I – intact animals (10), II – animals with immobilization stress (10), III – animals with hypothyroidism and immobilization stress (10). Hypothyroidism was modeled by daily per os injection using a probe of the pharmacopoeial mercazolil thyreostatics at a dose of 25 mg/kg during the 21 day. Acute immobilization stress was modeled by tying experimental rats in a supine position in 4 limbs without restriction of head mobility for 3 hours. Histological studies were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Histological preparations were studied using a SEO SСAN light microscope and photo-documented using a Vision CCD Camera with a system of image output from histological preparations. In the 1st control group, the pancreas had a general structure plan of a parenchyme in organ. In the II group, remodeling of the exocrine part of the pancreas, slight disturbances in the structure of the acini, blood vessels, and moderate edema of the connective tissue were observed, compared to the control group of animals. In the III group, more significant changes of the gland were revealed, compared to the II experimental group, manifested by swelling and growth of connective tissue, changes in the shape of the acini, violation and loss of polarity of exocrinocytes, blood-filling of vessels. Thus, under conditions of simulated chronic stress, slight changes in the parenchyma of the gland were detected, and during chronic immobilization stress against the background of hypothyroidism, alterative changes of the gland were detected, compared to the II experimental group.
Syndrome of hyperosmolar hypohydration in the experiment: features of morphological disorders in brain tissues of rats with homeostasis disorders of different degrees of severity
Authors: Hnativ Yu.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. In neurosurgical patients, damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary region in 30% of cases can be complicated by the development of central diabetes insipidus, manifested by gross disturbances of the water-salt balance: the development of hypertonic hypohydration, which leads to functional and structural damage to organs and tissues. The purpose of the study was to simulate in an experiment the syndrome of hyperosmolar hypohydration, to investigate the peculiarities of morphological changes in brain tissues of animals depending on the level of osmolarity of blood plasma. To simulate hyperosmolar hypohydration, laboratory rats were injected intraperitoneally with furosemide solution (5.0 mg per kg-1), and under anesthesia intravenously – 2.0 ml of hyperosmolar sodium chloride solution of various concentrations (from 1.8% to 9%). The degree of hypohydration of the body, degree of hyperosmolarity, duration of coma, and lethality were studied. Pieces of the brain tissue were taken for histological examination, and their processing was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Histological slides were studied using a SEO SСAN light microscope. In hyperosmolar coma, under the conditions of administration of 7.2% sodium chloride solution to rats, blood-filled vessels with moderate perivascular edema were found in the brain tissues. Heterogeneous changes were characteristic of neurocytes, among them there were normochromic, isolated hypochromic and a significant number of hyperchromic neurocytes, and pericellular edema was detected. In brain tissues in hyperosmolar coma caused by the administration of 8.1% sodium chloride solution, an increase in amount of blood in vessels with pronounced erythrostasis was found, and small isolated hemorrhages were identified. Perivascular edema was significant in most of the vessels. Karyopyknosis and hyperchromatosis were characteristic of neurocytes, significant pericellular edema was also detected. In the tissues of the brain, in hyperosmolar coma, caused by the introduction of 9.0% sodium chloride solution, an increased amount of blood-filled vessels with pronounced erythrostasis was observed. Vessels walls were with pevascular edema, plasmarrhagia was also marked. In most fields of vision, hyper- and sharply hyperchromic neurocytes were identified, which were characterized by compaction, pyknosis, and pericellular edema. In brain tissue in hyperosmolar coma caused by intravenous administration of 7.2%, 8.1% and 9.0% solutions of sodium chloride, the appearance and progression of the following histological changes were established: blood-filled vessels, erythrostasis, small diapedesis hemorrhages, significant pevascular edema due to plasmarrhagia. Heterogeneous changes in neurocytes, with the appearance and predominance of hyper- and sharply hyperchromic cells, and significant pericellular swellings were established.
The effect of surgical treatment in patients with proximal hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Guriev S. O. , Tanasienko P. V. , Skobenko E. O.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. The aim of our study was to provide a clinical description of the diagnostic process, surgical treatment tactics and its impact on treatment outcomes in patients with proximal femur fractures and COVID-19 infection. In our study, we analyzed the treatment of 43 patients with fractures of the proximal femur who were treated in one of the city hospitals of Kyiv in the period from September 2020 to March 2021. For screening of COVID-19, all patients with fractures of the proximal part of the hip planned for surgical treatment were sent for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. in swabs from the nasopharynx. Upon admission, 40 patients (93.0%) had symptoms characteristic of COVID-19, namely: headache, general weakness, subfebrile temperature, shortness of breath. In 7.0% of patients with proximal hip fractures, asymptomatic course of the disease of COVID-19 was detected, however, in the diagnostic process, the diagnosis was still made. Statistical processing was carried out using a non-parametric method, the method of calculating the coefficient of the Pearson polychoric relationship indicator was chosen. In all observation groups, an improvement in the general condition and laboratory parameters was noted already on the 3rd day of the postoperative period. A fracture of the proximal part of the hip is an injury that can threaten the patient's life, so the choice of the surgical intervention method and its timing play a key role in the recovery of this category of patients. An increase in the time of bed rest, connection of hypostatic phenomena, extension of the period of pain sensitivity can lead to deterioration of the condition of patients infected with COVID-19. Based on our research, we came to the conclusion that early surgical treatment of patients with fractures of the proximal part of the hip and COVID-19 has a positive effect on the general condition of patients, quickly mobilizes them, improves lung ventilation, which are factors of recovery.
Experience of treating patients with complicated forms of gallstone disease on the background of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Khimich S. D. , Muravyev F. T.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. In recent years, further improvement of minimally invasive surgical interventions has been noted. Surgical treatment of complicated gallstone disease has become quite standardized all over the world. However, accompanying cirrhosis of the liver remains the most severe comorbid condition. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal treatment strategy of this category of patients. We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 79 patients with complicated forms of gallstone disease and concomitant liver cirrhosis. All patients were conditionally divided into 2 groups: a control group of patients who were treated according to the standard program – 38 patients and the main group of patients who were treated using an improved diagnostic and treatment program – 41 patients. The patients of the retrospective group underwent a standard diagnostic and treatment program according to the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of patients with complicated forms of gastrointestinal tract with correction of hepatorenal insufficiency. Since 2016, an updated diagnostic and treatment algorithm has been introduced in patients with complicated forms of gastrointestinal tract against the background of liver cirrhosis. All patients underwent a balanced approach in the analysis of manifestations of liver cirrhosis, which manifested itself in the introduction of the principles of controlled antibacterial therapy according to the level of C-reactive protein; differentiated implementation of thromboprophylaxis: according to the standard scheme and early postoperative thromboprophylaxis based on the risks of hemorrhagic complications. The results of this research were statistically analyzed using chi-square test and statistical comparison of both groups. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the results of the treatment of patients in both groups was performed, it was established that postoperative complications occurred both in patients of the main group and in the comparison group. However, the frequency of occurrence of complications in the groups of studied patients has a significant difference. In the main group, complications were 14.6% versus 34.2% (in the comparison group) at p≤0.05 (χ2=4.14), which indicates that the improved diagnostic and treatment program made it possible to significantly reduce postoperative complications, and the outcome of treatment of patients with complicated forms of gallstone disease.
Analysis of adverse drug reactions of therapy with anticoagulants and basic drugs in coronary heart disease against the background of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Panibratiuk O. A. , Yakovleva O. А.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. The issue of effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy is extremely important for the patient. The doctor’s awareness of the selection of the most compatible drugs makes it possible to reduce the number of adverse drug reactions and increases his adherence to treatment. The purpose of the study is to assess the frequency of adverse drug reactions during therapy with anticoagulants: warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran in the complex therapy of coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation, if necessary to comply with ESC recommendations. For a comprehensive examination of the patient, the following research methods were used: anamnestic, laboratory screening of key body systems, instrumental, functional diagnostics, survey of the patient according to 60 key parameters of drug tolerance, pharmacogenetic method. Statistical data processing was carried out using variance analysis - One way ANOVA & LSD test. The intergroup reliability of the difference in quantitative values was calculated by % - according to the χ2 criterion. Indicators were evaluated in four comparison groups: Rivoroxaban, Dabigatran, Warfarin group with the presence of a genetic mutation of polymorphic alleles of SYP2C9 (SYP2C9*2, SYP2C9*3), which were associated with a slower metabolism of Warfarin and a higher frequency of hemorrhagic complications; and Warfarin group without mutations. Unfortunately, about 2% of patients have bleeding on the background of the use of 2 or more different anticoagulants in a separate period of time. And about 2.5% have ischemic complications on the background of their admission. From 0.25% to 1% die from complications of such therapy. Among other serious complications, there were complaints about the functioning of the digestive system (dysfunction of the pancreas, liver, biliary tract), nervous system, and kidneys. These complaints were present in all groups, but prevailed in the Warfarin group with an existing mutation, probably due to the slowing of the elimination of drugs metabolized by cytochromes CYP2C9, CYP3A4 or greater influence of interaction with P-glycoprotein (due to interaction with digoxin and statins). This requires additional study in order to optimize ways of correcting unwanted reactions in cariological patients. It is obvious that promising genetic research should also be more widely implemented in medical practice.
Grounds of rational principles of hernioabdominoplastyc in patients with ventral tissues excess
Authors: Kоt A. O.
Published: October 2022

Аnotation. The relevance of improvements in the performance of herniotomy-hernioplastycs in patients with abdominal obesity is determined by a significant frequency of their postoperative complications, which reaches 25-30%. The аim is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of simultaneous dermlipectоmy with hernio-abdominoplasty during surgical interventions in patients with hernias and ventral excess tissues. The work was performed based on the own results of paraoperative examinations and treatments of 67 adult patients. The rational principles of their surgery are substantiated on the basis of metric characteristics determined by the size of the ventral deformation, the severity of fat-containing, fibrotic-scarring and pathological components in it. The results were processed by the software package "Statistica 6.1". For the first time, an algorithm for quantitative studies of ventral tissue excesses with predominantly supra-neurotic localization was developed. The preoperatively calculated volumes of preventive dermo-fibrolipectomies, which were performed together with hernio- and abdominoplasties according to the new principle "without excess paragerneal tissue" in various hernias and ventral deformities, significantly reduced the incidence of local complications (up to 2%, p < 0.05) and improved the quality of life and health. The practical application of "tension-free" and "redundant" principles of surgery is the basis for further development of reconstructive and plastic interventions and a real component of solving the problem of medical, social and aesthetic rehabilitation of the relevant herniological patients.
Peculiarities of the connection and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of the professionally significant psychophysiological functions of the students' body in the case of the use of distance and classroom forms of educatio
Authors: Vergeles T. M.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. Determining the peculiarities of the processes of psychophysiological adaptation of student youth is impossible without establishing the relationship and interdependence of the characteristics of the level of development of psychophysiological functions of young women and young men in the use of various (classroom and remote) forms of learning. The research included assessment of the level of development of professionally significant psychophysiological functions of students and further processing of the obtained data using procedures of correlation, factor and cluster analysis based on the use of statistical analysis software package Statistica 6.1”. The obtained data show that the most clearly defined correlation under the conditions of organization of educational activities in remote (on-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of speed of simple and differentiated visual-motor reaction, mobility of nervous processes and dynamic efficiency, that is, those characteristics of the adaptive capacity of the organism, which note the state of visual-motor coordination, the implementation of urgent reactions in response to changes in the stereotype of normal learning activities and resistance to the phenomena of monotony. However, the most clearly defined correlation in the organization of educational activities in the classroom (off-line) format for young women and young men is determined during the analysis of indicators of the speed of simple audio-motor response, balance of nervous processes and dynamic performance, ie those characteristics of adaptive capabilities of the body, which note the state of audio-motor coordination, the level of balance of major nervous processes and resistance to monotony. The results should be used in the future in the scientific substantiation of effective health technologies.
Chemoradiation therapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Chobey S. M. , Kutsenko A. Yu. , Yazykov O. S. , Bedey N. V. , Pavuk F. M.
Published: October 2022

Annotation. Total neoadjuvant therapy is a new approach to locally advanced rectal cancer that attempts to deliver both systemic chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy before surgery. However, its efficacy and safety remain controversial in randomized controlled trials. The purpose of this article is to analyze approaches to chemoradiation therapy in the complex treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. A scientific search was carried out for the period from 2006 to 2022. according to the primary search strategy “chemoradiotherapy of rectal cancer”, “locally advanced rectal cancer”, and the AND/OR combination in the scientific databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science. Although adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery has not demonstrated significant benefit in randomized trials, immediate short-course induction chemotherapy may prevent or eradicate early (occult) micrometastatic disease and may be better tolerated than postoperative therapy expected greater ability to deliver full-dose chemotherapy preoperatively could theoretically improve local and systemic disease control, and thus increase cancer resectability.