bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free vibration of functionally graded carbon-nanotube-reinforced composite plates with cutout
Authors: Mirzaei Mostafa , Kiani Yaser
Published: April 2016

During the past five years, it has been shown that carbon nanotubes act as an exceptional reinforcement for composites. For this reason, a large number of investigations have been devoted to analysis of fundamental, structural behavior of solid structures made of carbon-nanotube-reinforced composites (CNTRC). The present research, as an extension of the available works on the vibration analysis of CNTRC structures, examines the free vibration characteristics of plates containing a cutout that are reinforced with uniform or nonuniform distribution of carbon nanotubes. The first-order shear deformation plate theory is used to estimate the kinematics of the plate. The solution method is based on the Ritz method with Chebyshev basis polynomials. Such a solution method is suitable for arbitrary in-plane and out-of-plane boundary conditions of the plate. It is shown that through a functionally graded distribution of carbon nanotubes across the thickness of the plate, the fundamental frequency of a rectangular plate with or without a cutout may be enhanced. Furthermore, the frequencies are highly dependent on the volume fraction of carbon nanotubes and may be increased upon using more carbon nanotubes as reinforcement.
Elucidation of a masked repeating structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of the halotolerant soil bacteria Azospirillum halopraeferens Au4
Authors: Sigida Elena N , Fedonenko Yuliya P , Shashkov Alexander S , Arbatsky Nikolay P , Zdorovenko Evelina L , Konnova Svetlana A , Ignatov Vladimir V , Knirel Yuriy A
Published: April 2016

An O-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide isolated by the phenol–water extraction from the halotolerant soil bacteria Azospirillum halopraeferens type strain Au4. The polysaccharide was studied by sugar and methylation analyses, selective cleavages by Smith degradation and solvolysis with trifluoroacetic acid, one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following masked repeating structure of the O-specific polysaccharide was established: →3)-α-L-Rhap2Me-(1→3)-[β-D-Glcp-(1→4)]-α-D-Fucp-(1→2)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, where non-stoichiometric substituents, an O-methyl group (~45%) and a side-chain glucose residue (~65%), are shown in italics.
AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLORE COMPONENTS OF EMPATHIC ARCHITECTURE IN HOSPITALS – A STUDY OF INDIAN HOSPITALS
Authors: Banerji Haimanti
Published: April 2016

Patients coming to the hospital are often fearful and confused and these feelings may impede recovery. Purpose of this study is to find out how the hospital stay can be made unthreatening, comfortable, and stress-free as possible by preserving, restoring and creating a preferred environment. An exhaustive study has been conducted with a well designed questionnaire along with photography and behaviour mapping in three hospitals in Eastern India. A list of fourteen environmental attributes associated with creation of a healing environment within hospital set up was prepared. The perception of psychological comfort associated with these attributes was measured using a five – point scale. For futher analysis, the researcher adopted Principal Component Analysis Technique and Varimax Factor Rotation Technique to extract major factors of hospital design with empathy. The findings of this research reassures the fact that no longer should the ethics of healthcare be viewed exclusively through the lens of physician-patient dyad but architects associated with hospital design bear equal responsibilities. The analyses have successfully highlighted issues like psycho – physical vulnerability of patients and family stress associated with hospitalization. The research concludes by suggesting some architectural design principles, which are helpful in generating a sense of trust, and faith on the hospital set up, familiarizing the patients and their relatives with hospital working system and process of treatment andcreating a non – clinical overall appearance. It also highlights the need for comforting the patients through various rejuvenating elements and helping them in negating the fear of unknown through information dissipation and counselling.
ALTERNATIVE OUTLINES OF IMMIGRATION: A CASE OF REPOPULATION OF EXISTING ABANDONED SPANISH TOWNS
Authors: González-Torres Rolando
Published: April 2016

One of the most sensitive tragic situations today, in regards to human relations in Europe is the illegal immigrants’ issue. But it is no longer mainly a subject of borders’ transgression, obsolete sovereignties, or labor-hand marketing. Huge population masses without fixed course are driven by different urgent motives from their countries of origin – North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe,– they have no choice but to move in search of places to settle and provide a decent home for their families. In the form of another drama in this case of heritage and environment, some old rural villages of Spain – as there are in other southern European countries – have been completely abandoned and their current status, in ruins, results of the economic, political and urban trends of the past 75 years. Connecting these issues, it could be considered a promising future for those homeless families as well as for those dying towns through integrated solutions of mutual benefit. This research examines the resurgence of human being’s value over any other concept of relative temporarily value, and where a town’s roots are more important than any commercial interest and real estate speculation.
CONSTRAINING THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM EVOLUTION OF V455 ANDROMEDAE
Authors: Mukadam Anjum S. , Pyrzas Stylianos , Townsley D. M. , Gänsicke B. T. , Hermes J. J. , Szkody Paula , Kemp Jonathan , Patterson J. , Ding Claire , Wolf Katie , Gemma Marina , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Rock John
Published: April 2016

Time-series photometry on the cataclysmic variable V455 Andromedae (hereafter V455 And, HS 2331+3905) reveals a rotation period shorter than the orbital period, implying the presence of a magnetic field. We expect that this magnetic field channels the accreted matter from the disk toward the white dwarf poles, classifying it as an Intermediate Polar. The two polar spinning emission areas are visible in the lightcurves at the rotation period of 67.61970396 ± 0.00000072 s, and its harmonic. Using photometric observations of V455 And obtained from 2007 October to 2015, we derive 3σ upper limits to the rate of change of the spin harmonic (SH) with time to be dP
SH/dt ≤ −7.5 × 10−15 s s−1 employing the O–C method, and −5.4 × 10−15 s s−1 with a direct nonlinear least squares fit. There is no significant detection of a changing spin period for the duration of 2007 October–2015. The 3σ upper limit for the rate of change of spin period with time is dP
spin/dt ≤ −10.8 × 10−15 s s−1 or −0.34 μs yr−1. V455 And underwent a large-amplitude dwarf nova outburst in 2007 September. The pre-outburst data reflect a period 4.8 ± 2.2 μs longer than the best-fit post-outburst spin period. The angular momentum gained by the white dwarf from matter accreted during outburst and its slight subsequent shrinking should both cause the star to spin slightly faster after the outburst. We estimate that the change in spin period due to the outburst should be 5 μs, consistent with the empirical determination of 4.8 ± 2.2 μs (3σ upper limit of 11.4 μs).
TURBULENT TRANSPORT IN A STRONGLY STRATIFIED FORCED SHEAR LAYER WITH THERMAL DIFFUSION
Authors: Garaud Pascale , Kulenthirarajah Logithan
Published: April 2016

This work presents numerical results on the transport of heat and chemical species by shear-induced turbulence in strongly stratified, thermally diffusive environments. The shear instabilities driven in this regime are sometimes called “secular” shear instabilities, and can take place when the Richardson number of the flow is large, provided the Péclet number is small. We have identified a set of simple criteria to determine whether these instabilities can take place or not. Generally speaking, we find that they may be relevant whenever the thermal diffusivity of the fluid is very large (typically larger than 1014 cm2 s−1), which is the case in the outer layers of high-mass stars (M ≥ 10 M
⊙), for instance. Using a simple model setup in which the shear is forced by a spatially sinusoidal, constant-amplitude body-force, we have identified several regimes ranging from effectively unstratified to very strongly stratified, each with its own set of dynamical properties. Unless the system is in one of the two extreme regimes (effectively unstratified or completely stable), however, we find that (1) only about 10% of the input power is used toward heat transport, while the remaining 90% is viscously dissipated; (2) that the effective compositional mixing coefficient is well-approximated by the model of Zahn, with D ≃ 0.02κ

T
/J where κ

T
is the thermal diffusivity and J is the Richardson number. These results need to be confirmed, however, with simulations in different model setups and at higher effective Reynolds number.
Description of a new species of Acrostichus Rahm 1928 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from India with a note on its position and relationship with the congeners
Authors: Tahseen Qudsia , Ahlawat Shikha , Asif Mohammad , Mustaqim Malka
Published: April 2016

The clade Diplogastridae Micoletzky 1922 largely represents the bacterivorous or predatory nematodes that very often demonstrate phoretic, necromenic or parasitic associations with insects (Sudhaus and Fürst von Lieven 2003). That is the reason, much of the diversity of the family remains undocumented because of their absence from routine soil samples. Due to their variable habitats and niches, these nematodes show ample variation in their stomal armature, feeding behavior and life cycle patterns.

The paper describes and illustrates a new diplogastrid species of genus Acrostichus Rahm 1928 that appears to be the link between the genera Diplogastrellus Paramonov et al. 1952a and Acrostichus. Acrostichus medius n. sp. is characterised by hermaphroditic females and males having faintly striated longitudinal ridges, demarcated lateral fields, amalgamated lips, six adradial cheilostomal plates, moderately-built dorsal tooth, relatively smaller posterior genital branch; large oval uterine pouch and males with robust, heavily cuticularised spicules, each with hood-like capitulum, deeply forked distal end with fine extensions and a ventral attenuated arm; gubernaculum 2/3 of spicule length and rudiments of bursa confined to posterior four pairs of genital papillae. The biogeographical distribution of Acrostichus has been mapped and the relationship between congeners has been analysed cladistically and discussed.
L’organisation des connaissances au cœur du système d’information
Authors: Beau Francis
Published: April 2016

L’organisation des connaissances est un aspect important du concept de « gestion des connaissances ». Ses fondements théoriques souffrent de la grande imprécision du vocabulaire utilisé pour en décrire les concepts et concevoir un système d’information dont la fonction est justement d’organiser des connaissances pour restituer un savoir à partir de faits observés et de données rassemblées. Le document numérique y constitue l’élément clé d’une méthode de capitalisation des connaissances dans une mémoire documentaire partagée, qui s’inspire de ce que nous pouvons observer du fonctionnement de notre mémoire individuelle dont nous tentons ici de décrire les grandes étapes pour en appliquer les principes dans une pratique collective.
Les folksonomies comme dispositif de gestion des connaissances en entreprise
Authors: Du Hommet Joanne , Grivel Luc , Ihadjadene Madjid
Published: April 2016

La majorité des travaux relatifs à la gestion des connaissances concerne la recherche d’expertise. Quant à littérature scientifique portant sur les folksonomies, elle s’intéresse surtout aux sites grands publics, accessibles sur Internet : les folksonomies enrichies en milieu professionnel sont rarement étudiées. Notre étude porte sur le « social bookmarking » et l’usage de folksonomies dans le cadre du partage des connaissances et de l’information en milieu professionnel. Nous nous intéressons à une folksonomie de groupe déployée chez Ubisoft son éditorialisation ainsi que ses multiples usages, bien que ceux-ci soient complexifiés par la multitude d’outils collaboratifs. C’est pourquoi nous abordons également les limites ainsi que les pistes de développement actuellement envisagées.
Le rêve, d’une scène à l’autre
Authors: Berruyer-Lamoine Bénédicte
Published: April 2016

Freud esquisse des liens entre le rêve nocturne et d’autres productions psychiques, oniriques et imaginaires. Mais c’est surtout Bion et ses successeurs qui travailleront autour de la notion de rêve en continu, y compris à l’état de veille, affirmant la fonction de transformation du rêve (fonction alpha), et revisitant ainsi la théorie de l’inconscient. Le processus lui-même devient aussi important que le contenu, c’est ce que nous montre le travail analytique avec les pathologies du somatique par exemple. Le rêve-éveillé en séance, en ouvrant un espace de figuration et en permettant au sujet de retrouver sa capacité de rêver, ne trouve-t-il pas toute sa place dans ce continuum des processus oniriques et du travail de l’hallucinatoire ?
On k-Connectivity Problems in Distributed Systems
Authors: Akram Vahid Khalilpour , Dagdeviren Orhan
Published: April 2016

k-Connectivity detection and restoration are important problems in graph theory and computer networks. A graph is k-connected if it remains connected after removing k-1 arbitrary nodes. The k-connectivity is an important property of a distributed system because a k-connected network can tolerate k-1 node failures without losing the network connectivity. To achieve the k-connectivity in a network, we need to determine the current connectivity value and try to increase connectivity if the current k is lower than the desired value. This chapter reviews the central and distributed algorithms for detecting and restoring the k-connectivity in graphs and distributed systems. The algorithms will be compared from complexity, accuracy and efficiency perspectives.
Wireless Body Area Network for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Rawat Danda B. , Bhattacharya Sylvia
Published: April 2016

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an emerging field of research which has been progressing rapidly in recent years. WBAN is a network utilized for continuous monitoring of physiological state of the subject, where the patient can perform his regular activities while his body parameters get measured continuously and are accessed by the physician remotely. This chapter provides a thorough survey of current WBAN technologies in the healthcare sector. Besides the recording of physiological parameters, discussions have been provided on remote data transmission to a server called Virtual Doctor Server (VDS). During this transmission, WBAN network uses various technologies namely Ultra Wide Band WBAN, Technology Enabled Medical Precision Observation 3.1 (TEMPO 3.1), J2ME and Bluetooth. Details of several existing WBAN related projects have been discussed along with their applications. The next section of the chapter deals with the use and design of medical sensors in WBAN. Performance comparison between WBAN and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) has also been provided.
Effect of Slow and Fast Music on the Autonomic Nervous System and Cardiac Health
Authors: Nayak Suraj Kumar , Shukla Rudra Dutt , Panda Ipsita , Champaty Biswajeet , Thakur Goutam , Mohapatra Biswajit , Tibarewala D. N. , Pal Kunal
Published: April 2016

In this study, the effect of slow and fast music on the heart rate variability and conduction pathway of the heart was studied. The results indicated an increase in the parasympathetic dominance as the volunteers were made to listen to music. The magnitude of the parasympathetic activity was higher when the volunteers were made to listen to fast music. This indicates that slow and fast music affected the sympatho-vagal balance in different proportions. The analysis of the ECG signal and wavelet transformed ECG signal suggested an alteration in the conduction pathway of the heart.
Precedent-Oriented Approach to Conceptually Experimental Activity in Designing the Software Intensive Systems
Authors: Sosnin Petr
Published: April 2016

The chapter presents a precedent-oriented approach to conceptually experimental activity in collaborative designing the complex systems with software. The efficiency of such work can be essentially increased if a human part of the work will be fulfilled with an orientation on using the precedents' models reflected the units of an occupational experience. In described case, interactions of any designer with a computer are organized and implemented as interactions between the designer and an “intellectual processor” as a role played by the same designer. Such version of the human-computer activity involves real-time combining “units” of the natural experience with its models. In solving the project task, this combining is brought under conceptual experimenting understood as an automated thought experimenting. The offered approach is evolved till an instrumental system that supports conceptual experimenting as a very useful form of computerized activity based on experiential human-computer interactions.
Application of Ambient Intelligence in Educational Institutions
Authors: Bureš Vladimír , Tučník Petr , Mikulecký Peter , Mls Karel , Blecha Petr
Published: April 2016

The ambient intelligence concept provides a vision of society of the future, where people will find themselves in an environment of intelligent and intuitively usable interfaces. The manuscript applies this definition to the specific environment of higher education in the context of the Czech Republic. The existence of the so-called Generation Y and characteristics of included individuals represent the main rationale of this paper. In particular sections of this paper, three visions that focus on intelligent assistance for graduation thesis preparation, smart lecture halls, and smart university campuses are described, and related architectures are depicted. Furthermore, results from a survey evaluating three main aspects - feasibility, willingness to use, and accessibility of technologies - of these visions are presented.
When Competitive Intelligence Meets Geospatial Intelligence
Authors: Othenin-Girard Christophe , Guillemette Manon G. , Foley Eric , Caron Claude
Published: April 2016

Given current economic uncertainties, organizations need to efficiently generate new knowledge and incorporate it into their products and services. In this regard, competitive intelligence provides such strategic knowledge to support the creation of competitive advantages. Part of the knowledge created by competitive intelligence concerns the geographical components forming the basis of geospatial analysis. This study sought to identify, among some 40 competitive analytical methods, those that may be enhanced by geospatial intelligence capabilities. To this end, the authors identified the key subject area of each competitive analytical method and the key spatial analysis operations with geospatial intelligence capability, and then they identified those with a strong potential for providing more strategic knowledge when used in combination. They provide various case scenarios to support their propositions. The results demonstrate that geospatial intelligence may leverage competitive intelligence by more efficiently highlighting business opportunities.
Information Management in Solid Wood Fuel Order-Supply Process
Authors: Haverinen Pasi Eino , Terefe Abel , Wu Weiming , Serkkola Ari
Published: April 2016

The validity and accuracy of information and its fast distribution is significant in effective wood fuel procurement. The authors' objectives were i) to define the solid wood fuel procurement process of regional power plants, ii) to define a conceptual data model for the wood fuel order-supply process and iii) to create an application for managing the process. They did an interview study for representatives of 38 power plants, their fuel suppliers and subcontractors about wood fuel procurement. They studied further six plants and one major supplier with focus group interviews. It was found that a lot of data is available, but it's not utilized efficiently. The authors used a methodology of designing information systems architecture and use-case derived methodology to determine the conceptual data model for the order-supply process and to develop an application to control it. Altogether, the hypothesis of the significant and wide-ranging role of information in the order-supply process was confirmed. The study gives a basis to further develop the systems to manage this information.
Pre-Implementation Case Studies Evaluating Workflow and Informatics Challenges in Private Primary Care Clinics for Electronic Medical Record Implementation
Authors: Or Calvin
Published: April 2016

Despite the potential benefits of electronic medical records (EMRs), their implementations have failed in a number of instances because of misfit between the technology design, work practices, workflows, and clinicians' needs. To promote effective design and implementation of an EMR system, the present pre-implementation study modeled the clinical workflow processes in private primary health care clinics and identified the associated gaps, weaknesses, and informatics challenges in the processes. Systematic field observations were performed to collect workflow data. Forty-three health care professionals (16 physicians and 27 clinical assistants) of fifteen private primary health care clinics were studied. The results, presented in a workflow diagram, demonstrate step-by-step details of the clinical work processes, their gaps and weaknesses, and possible improvement opportunities offered by the application of EMR. The workflow model provides important implications that may be applicable to other health care settings that plan to implement EMRs.
Isolation and Characterization of Salmonid CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Maisey Kevin , Montero Ruth , Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Valenzuela Beatriz , Reyes-Cerpa Sebastián , Sandino Ana María , Zou Jun , Wang Tiehui , Secombes Christopher J. , Imarai Mónica
Published: April 2016

This study reports the isolation and functional characterization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CD4-1+ T cells and the establishment of an IL-15–dependent CD4-1+ T cell line. By using Abs specific for CD4-1 and CD3ε it was possible to isolate the double-positive T cells in spleen and head kidney. The morphology and the presence of transcripts for T cell markers in the sorted CD4-1+CD3ε+ cells were studied next. Cells were found to express TCRα, TCRβ, CD152 (CTLA-4), CD154 (CD40L), T-bet, GATA-3, and STAT-1. The sorted CD4-1+ T cells also had a distinctive functional attribute of mammalian T lymphocytes, namely they could undergo Ag-specific proliferation, using OVA as a model Ag. The OVA-stimulated cells showed increased expression of several cytokines, including IFN-γ1, IL-4/13A, IL-15, IL-17D, IL-10, and TGF-β1, perhaps indicating that T cell proliferation led to differentiation into distinct effector phenotypes. Using IL-15 as a growth factor, we have selected a lymphoid cell line derived from rainbow trout head kidney cells. The morphology, cell surface expression of CD4-1, and the presence of transcripts of T cell cytokines and transcription factors indicated that this is a CD4-1+ T cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the presence of CD4-1+CD3ε+ T cells in salmonids. As in mammals, CD4-1+ T cells may be the master regulators of immune responses in fish, and therefore these findings and the new model T cell line developed will contribute to a greater understanding of T cell function and immune responses in teleost fish.
Conditioned Medium from the Stem Cells of Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Shimojima Chiaki , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Jin Shijie , Parajuli Bijay , Hattori Hisashi , Suzumura Akio , Hibi Hideharu , Ueda Minoru , Yamamoto Akihito
Published: April 2016

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major neuroinflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Current MS treatments, including immunomodulators and immunosuppressants, do not result in complete remission. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp. Both SHED and SHED-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) exhibit immunomodulatory and regenerative activities and have the potential to treat various diseases. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of SHED-CM in treating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. EAE mice treated with a single injection of SHED-CM exhibited significantly improved disease scores, reduced demyelination and axonal injury, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord, which was associated with a shift in the microglia/macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2. SHED-CM also inhibited the proliferation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–specific CD4+ T cells, as well as their production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Treatment of EAE mice with the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin-9, a major component of SHED-CM, recapitulated the effects of SHED-CM treatment. Our data suggest that SHED-CM and secreted ectodomain of sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin-9 may be novel therapeutic treatments for autoimmune diseases, such as MS.
The Seven Dimensional Perfect Delaunay Polytopes and Delaunay Simplices
Authors: Dutour Sikirić Mathieu
Published: April 2016

For a lattice L of ℝn, a sphere S(c, r) of center c and radius r is called empty if for any v ∈ L we have. Then the set S(c, r) ∩ L is the vertex set of a Delaunay polytope P = conv(S(c, r) ∩ L). A Delaunay polytope is called perfect if any aõne transformation ø such that ø(P) is a Delaunay polytope is necessarily an isometry of the space composed with an homothety.

Perfect Delaunay polytopes are remarkable structures that exist only if n = 1 or n ≥ 6, and they have shown up recently in covering maxima studies. Here we give a general algorithm for their enumeration that relies on the Erdahl cone. We apply this algorithm in dimension seven, which allows us to find that there are only two perfect Delaunay polytopes: 321, which is a Delaunay polytope in the root lattice E7, and the Erdahl Rybnikov polytope.

We then use this classification in order to get the list of all types of Delaunay simplices in dimension seven and found that there are eleven types.
Regeneração natural em povoamentos de Araucaria angustifolia e Pinus sp. em Tunas do Paraná, PR
Authors: Carvalho Joema , Velazco Santiago José Elías , Pereira Tiaro Katu , Galvão Franklin
Published: April 2016

Com o propósito de estudar a regeneração natural em povoamentos de Araucaria angustifolia (PA) e Pinus sp.(PP), sem manejo, nas áreas do Parque Estadual de Campinhos, no Município de Tunas do Paraná, PR, foram instaladas 18 parcelas de 10 m2, 7 para PA e 11 para PP. Amostraram-se todos os indivíduos maiores que 1,5 m de altura, dos quais se mensurou o perímetro à 1,30 m do nível do solo. No PA obteve-se 586 indivíduos, 67 espécies e 29 famílias e no PP foram mensurados 442 indivíduos de 58 espécies e 22 famílias. As espécies mais importantes no PA foram Cordyline spectabilis, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus e Clethra scabra, e no PP C. spectabilis, Lonchocarpus sp1. e Cupania vernalis. O PA apresentou parâmetros fitossociológicos e diversidade superiores ao PP. A composição florística foi similar em ambos, o que denotou o potencial regenerativo do PP.Natural regeneration under reforestation of Araucaria angustifolia and Pinus sp. in Tunas do Paraná, PR, BrazilThis study aimed to assess the natural regeneration in stands of Araucaria angustifolia (PA) and Pinus sp. (PP) without management in Campinhos State Park, in the Municipality of Tunas do Paraná, Parana State, Brazil. Eighteen plots of 10 m2 were installed, 7 plots for PA and 11 for PP. All trees higher than 1.5 m were sampled and their circumference were measured at 1.30 m above ground level. In PA stand there were 586 individuals, corresponding to 67 species and 29 families and in PP stand 442 individuals of 58 species and 22 families were measured. The most important species in PA were Cordyline spectabilis, Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus and Clethra scabra; and in PP were C. spectabilis, Lonchocarpus sp.1 and Cupania vernalis. PA showed phytosociological parameters and diversity higher than PP. The floristic composition was similar for both stands, which denoted the regenerative potential of PP.Index terms: Native species; Forest plantation; Conservation unit
Quantificação de taninos nas cascas de jurema-preta e acácia-negra
Authors: Calegari Leandro , Lopes Pedro Jorge Goes , De Oliveira Elisabeth , Gatto Darci Alberto , Stangerlin Diego Martins
Published: April 2016

Em função de sua complexidade química, há diversas metodologias de quantificação dos taninos vegetais. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar as substâncias tânicas e não-tânicas presentes nas cascas de jurema-preta (Mimosa tenuiflora) e de acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii) por dois métodos distintos. A partir das partículas de casca de ambas as espécies, foram geradas soluções analíticas utilizando um extrator do tipo camisa de vapor, sendo a solução analisada pelos métodos de Stiasny e do pó de pele (não cromado). Para ambas as espécies, os teores de tânicos foram superiores quando analisados pelo método de pó de pele, atingindo 47,8 e 24,1% para A. mearnsii e M. tenuiflora, respectivamente. Pelo método de Stiasny, o teor de taninos condensados foi de 39,0% para A. mearnsii e 15,5% para M. tenuiflora. Apesar dos melhores resultados obtidos para a A. mearnsii, a casca de M. tenuiflora também apresentou grande potencialidade em função da considerável quantidade de tânicos e da disponibilidade da espécie no bioma Caatinga. Tannins quantification in barks of Mimosa tenuiflora and Acacia mearnsiiDue to its chemical complexity, there are several methodologies for vegetable tannins quantification. Thus, this work aims at quantifying both tannin and non-tannin substances present in the barks of Mimosa tenuiflora and Acacia mearnsii by two different methods. From bark particles of both species, analytical solutions were produced by using a steam-jacketed extractor. The solution was analyzed by Stiasny and hide-powder (no chromed) methods. For both species, tannin levels were superior when analyzed by hide-powder method, reaching 47.8% and 24.1% for A. mearnsii and M. tenuiflora, respectively. By Stiasny method, the tannins levels considered were 39.0% for A. mearnsii, and 15.5% for M. tenuiflora. Despite the best results presented by A. mearnsii, the bark of M. tenuiflora also showed great potential due to its considerable amount of tannin and the availability of the species at Caatinga biome.Index terms: Gravimetric method; Stiasny; ALCA extractor
Restauración de la “casa pintada” de Mula (Murcia)
Authors: Hervás Avilés José María
Published: April 2016

La destrucción desaprensiva de monumentos de reconocido valor en aras de la especulación urbana no posee un castigo parangonable al daño que ésta causa. Maltratada y mutilada gravemente, la Casa Pintada de Mula ha renacido recientemente de sus cenizas. Su imagen urbana reconstituida nos concede el consuelo de su anterior existencia, si bien parte de su materialidad original se desvaneció de manera inopinada en los vericuetos de la mezquindad humana. Una importante labor de investigación ha precedido la elaborada restauración de esta singular mansión, que ha permitido a Mula recuperar un hito singular de su patrimonio.
Restaurar Gaudí: De la reconstrucción mimética a la analogía formal pasando por la diacronía armónica
Authors: Rivera Javier
Published: April 2016

Cómo se ha restaurado la obra de Gaudí es la pregunta que formula el catedrático de Historia de Restauración Javier Rivera y contesta en este artículo a la luz de la moderna teoría de la “restauración crítica” y los principios de la Carta de Cracovia 2000. Pormenorizadamente, a través de las páginas que siguen, se aborda de forma descriptiva y crítica las restauraciones llevadas a cabo en los últimos 25 años, en la obra del maestro catalán.
El tratamiento de las superficies pétreas en Venecia. Algunos casos de estudio
Authors: Quendolo Alessandra , Zendri Elisabetta , Bisconti Guido
Published: April 2016

Este estudio comparado de las superficies pétreas de tres edificios venecianos, la Biblioteca de Sansovino, el Palacio Corner y el Arco Foscari, reúne interés y novedad ya que demuestra que las superficies ennegrecidas no sólo representan la presencia de fenómenos de degradación como costra negra y depósitos sino que, a menudo, corresponden a patinados intencionales aplicados para proteger la piedra o tratamientos de entonación del color realizados en posteriores intervenciones. El artículo supone una doble aportación a la cultura de la conservación: la existencia de una tradición de los tratamientos de protección y conservación de los paramentos de piedra y la necesidad actual de conservar la presencia de estos patinados intencionales.
Planimetría del Alcázar de Sevilla
Authors: Almagro Gorbea Antonio
Published: April 2016

La presentación del levantamiento métrico minucioso del Alcázar sevillano proporciona la oportunidad para una reflexión sobre el valor del dibujo en el mundo de la arquitectura y, particularmente, en la restauración. La documentación planimétrica rigurosa de los conjuntos histórico-artísticos españoles constituye una tarea que, en muchos casos, está pendiente de realización. En esta ocasión, se debe celebrar la sensibilidad de la Dirección del Alcázar y su Patronato, así como la probada profesionalidad de los autores del levantamiento, que ya ilustraron las páginas de esta revista con sus trabajos en el Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo en Granada (LOGGIA nº 4) y el Alcázar Omeya de Ammán en Jordania (LOGGIA nº 11).
La arquitectura popular tradicional a examen: Diagnóstico experimental en la comarca del Rincón de Ademuz
Authors: Bianco Alessia , Guerrisi Gabriella
Published: April 2016

El artículo describe los resultados de una campaña diagnóstica in situ, efectuada mediante ensayos no destructivos con el fin de conocer algunos aspectos materiales y técnicos de la edificación tradicional en la comarca del Rincón de Ademuz (Comunidad Valenciana) que permitieran una valoración de su eventual calidad, resistencia y estado de conservación general. Además del carácter innovador de esta aproximación cognoscitiva a la arquitectura común tradicional, estos estudios aspiran a proponer y confeccionar un nuevo protocolo de actuación sobre la misma, que respete su constitución arquitectónica durante el proceso de rehabilitación.
La torre del homenaje del Castillo de Pombal una mirada (in)discreta
Authors: Correia Luís Miguel
Published: April 2016

La restauración de la torre principal de esta fortaleza histórica portuguesa y su habilitación para recibir visitantes sirve de reflexión al autor del artículo sobre los avatares de la historia del castillo y la reciprocidad de las miradas de la atalaya natural y de sus observadores. A partir de esta reflexión inicial, la obra “El peine de los vientos” del escultor Eduardo Chillida le sirvió como referencia para el diálogo entre elementos de edad, contenido y materialidad dispar.
El levantamiento para la restauración: no haymétodo sin herramientas
Authors: Latorre Pablo , Cámara Leandro
Published: April 2016

Este artículo analiza de manera rigurosa el ámbito del levantamiento arquitectónico necesario para la restauración, distinguiéndolo de otras nociones como el dibujo idealizado de la arquitectura y relacionándolo con el mundo de la enseñanza. Asimismo, brinda un panorama de la metodología, las técnicas, las herramientas, los criterios y el nivel de detalle necesario en esta disciplina, desde el levantamiento analógico hasta el levantamiento analítico, pasando por el modelo tridimensional fotogramétrico, además de citar la elaboración de fotoplanos y el escaneado tridimensional. La aspiración final de este proceso previo a la restauración equivale a una representación del tiempo que refleje los procesos de transformación complejos que han conferido la geometría alterada, deformada y, a la postre, real a los edificios.
New Roles for Occupational Therapy to Promote Independence Among Youth Aging Out of Foster Care
Authors: Paul-Ward Amy , Lambdin-Pattavina Carol Ann
Published: April 2016

Occupational therapy practitioners are qualified to address the needs of young adults transitioning out of the foster care system; yet, to date, the degree to which practitioners have addressed these needs has been limited. The literature on foster care clearly documents the myriad of long-term challenges that this population faces as a result of their lack of preparedness in independent living, academic, and vocational skills. Moreover, it is clear that existing programs are inadequate for meeting the needs of this population because they rarely include individualized, occupation-based, client-centered approaches for skill development. In this article, we argue that by design, the foster care system marginalizes its “members.” Occupational therapy’s emphasis on occupational justice provides practitioners with an ideal opportunity to remediate the injustice that this population often experiences. To support our position, we describe exploratory work that has been conducted with stakeholders and transitioning youth in Miami, Florida.
Determining the Internal Validity of the Inventory of Reading Occupations: An Assessment Tool of Children’s Reading Participation
Authors: Grajo Lenin C. , Candler Catherine , Bowyer Patricia , Schultz Sally , Thomson Jennifer , Fong Karen
Published: April 2016

The Inventory of Reading Occupations (IRO) is an assessment tool of children’s reading participation. In this study, we used Rasch methods to determine the internal validity of the IRO. Participants included 192 typical and struggling readers from kindergarten to third grade from five different states in the United States. We analyzed the fit of each of the items in the 17 reading categories, the test items in the three dimensions of reading participation, and the contexts of reading in the IRO. Analysis indicated that the IRO items support the Rasch model of unidimensionality. Analysis also indicated that 1 of the 30 test items can be revised to strengthen test validity. Moreover, the analysis also suggested that the IRO is more useful for first- to third-grade students. This study provides evidence of internal validity of a useful tool to assess children’s reading participation.
Mindfulness Interventions in Physical Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hardison Mark E. , Roll Shawn C.
Published: April 2016

A scoping review was conducted to describe how mindfulness is used in physical rehabilitation, identify implications for occupational therapy practice, and guide future research on clinical mindfulness interventions. A systematic search of four literature databases produced 1,524 original abstracts, of which 16 articles were included. Although only 3 Level I or II studies were identified, the literature included suggests that mindfulness interventions are helpful for patients with musculoskeletal and chronic pain disorders and demonstrate trends toward outcome improvements for patients with neurocognitive and neuromotor disorders. Only 2 studies included an occupational therapist as the primary mindfulness provider, but all mindfulness interventions in the selected studies fit within the occupational therapy scope of practice according to the American Occupational Therapy Association’s Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process. Higher-level research is needed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness interventions in physical rehabilitation and to determine best practices for the use of mindfulness by occupational therapy practitioners.
Home Exercise Programs for Adults With Neurological Injuries: A Survey
Authors: Proffitt Rachel
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe current occupational therapy practices in the usage and prescription of and clinical reasoning process supporting home exercise programs (HEPs) for clients with neurological injuries (CWNIs).

METHOD. A survey was distributed via mail to 2,000 members of the American Occupational Therapy Association. The survey questions concerned basic demographics, current HEP practices, and attitudes toward using HEPs with CWNIs.

RESULTS. In the 360 returned surveys, occupational therapists reported numerous benefits of using HEPs and were able to clearly articulate their clinical reasoning. Commonly reported HEP activities were preparatory in nature, and the most frequently prescribed dosage was 16–30 min daily. Most therapists relied on the same clinical reasoning process but varied in implementation methods.

CONCLUSION. This study’s results highlight the gaps between evidence and practice. The active ingredients in HEPs for CWNIs need to be more clearly defined and described.
The vertical distribution of volcanic SO2 plumes measured by IASI
Authors: Carboni Elisa , Grainger Roy G. , Mather Tamsin A. , Pyle David M. , Thomas Gareth E. , Siddans Richard , Smith Andrew J. A. , Dudhia Anu , Koukouli Mariliza E. , Balis Dimitrios
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important atmospheric constituent that plays a crucial role in many atmospheric processes. Volcanic eruptions are a significant source of atmospheric SO2 and its effects and lifetime depend on the SO2 injection altitude. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the METOP satellite can be used to study volcanic emission of SO2 using high-spectral resolution measurements from 1000 to 1200 and from 1300 to 1410 cm−1 (the 7.3 and 8.7 µm SO2 bands) returning both SO2 amount and altitude data. The scheme described in Carboni et al. (2012) has been applied to measure volcanic SO2 amount and altitude for 14 explosive eruptions from 2008 to 2012. The work includes a comparison with the following independent measurements: (i) the SO2 column amounts from the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull plumes have been compared with Brewer ground measurements over Europe; (ii) the SO2 plumes heights, for the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull and 2011 Grimsvötn eruptions, have been compared with CALIPSO backscatter profiles. The results of the comparisons show that IASI SO2 measurements are not affected by underlying cloud and are consistent (within the retrieved errors) with the other measurements. The series of analysed eruptions (2008 to 2012) show that the biggest emitter of volcanic SO2 was Nabro, followed by Kasatochi and Grímsvötn. Our observations also show a tendency for volcanic SO2 to reach the level of the tropopause during many of the moderately explosive eruptions observed. For the eruptions observed, this tendency was independent of the maximum amount of SO2 (e.g. 0.2 Tg for Dalafilla compared with 1.6 Tg for Nabro) and of the volcanic explosive index (between 3 and 5).
Simulations of Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium (SNA) aerosols during the extreme haze events over Northern China in October 2014
Authors: Chen Dan , Liu Zhiquan , Fast Jerome , Ban Junmei
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Extreme haze events have occurred frequently over China in recent years. Although many studies have investigated the formation mechanisms associated with PM2.5 for heavily polluted regions in China based on observational data, adequately predicting peak PM2.5 concentrations is still challenging for regional air quality models. In this study, we evaluate the performance of one configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) and use the model to investigate the sensitivity of heterogeneous reactions on simulated peak sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations in the vicinity of Beijing during four extreme haze episodes in October 2014 over the North China Plain. The highest observed PM2.5 concentration of 469 μg m-3 occurred in Beijing. Comparisons with observations show that the model reproduced the temporal variability in PM2.5 with the highest PM2.5 values on polluted days (defined as days in which observed PM2.5 is greater than 75 μg m-3), but predictions of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium were too low on days with the highest observed concentrations. Observational data indicate that the sulfur/nitric oxidation rates are strongly correlated with relative humidity during periods of peak PM2.5; however, the model failed to reproduce the highest PM2.5 concentrations due to missing heterogeneous reactions. As the parameterizations of those reactions is not well established yet, estimates of SO2-to-H2SO4 and NO2/NO3-to-HNO3 reaction rates that depend on relative humidity were applied which improved the simulation of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium enhancement on polluted days in terms of both concentrations and partitioning among those species. Sensitivity simulations showed that the extremely high heterogeneous reaction rates and also higher emission rates than those reported in the emission inventory were likely important factors contributing to those peak PM2.5 simulations.
A long-term study of aerosol–cloud interactions and their radiative effect at a mid latitude continental site using ground-based measurements
Authors: Sena Elisa T. , McComiskey Allison , Feingold Graham
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Empirical estimates of the microphysical response of cloud droplet size distribution to aerosol perturbations are commonly used to constrain aerosol–cloud interactions in climate models. Instead of empirical microphysical estimates, here macroscopic variables are analyzed to address the influences of aerosol particles and meteorological descriptors on instantaneous cloud albedo and radiative effect of shallow liquid water clouds. Long-term ground-based measurements from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program over the Southern Great Plains are used. A broad statistical analysis was performed on 14-years of coincident measurements of low clouds, aerosol and meteorological properties. Two cases representing conflicting results regarding the relationship between the aerosol and the cloud radiative effect were selected and studied in greater detail. Microphysical estimates are shown to be very uncertain and to depend strongly on the methodology, retrieval technique, and averaging scale. For this continental site, the results indicate that the influence of aerosol on shallow cloud radiative effect and albedo is weak and that macroscopic cloud properties and dynamics play a much larger role in determining the instantaneous cloud radiative effect compared to microphysical effects.