bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Vehicle Routing Problem Menggunakan Algoritma Tabu Search
Authors: Sulistiono Sulistiono , Mussafi Noor Saif Muhammad
Published: August 2017

Pendistribusian produk berperan penting dalam dunia industri. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan perusahaan untuk mengoptimalkan pendistribusian produk adalah meminimalkan biaya tranportasi melalui penentuan rute optimal kendaraan yang disebut dengan VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem). Tujuan dari VRP adalah menentukan rute optimal yaitu rute dengan jarak minimum untuk mendistribusikan produk kepada konsumen. Salah satu variasi VRP adalah Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), yaitu VRP dengan kendala kapasitas kendaraan. Kasus CVRP tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan Algoritma Tabu Search. Cara kerja Algoritma Tabu Search dimulai dengan penentuan initial solution menggunakan Nearest Neighbor,  evaluasi move menggunakan metode 2-Opt, Relocated, dan Exchange, update Tabu List,  kemudian apabila kriteria pemberhentian terpenuhi maka proses Algoritma Tabu Search berhenti jika tidak, maka kembali pada evaluasi move. Proses perhitungan Algoritma Tabu Search dilakukan secara manual dan rancang bangun menggunakan MATLAB pada PT Sinergi Bio Natural. Berdasarkan proses perhitungan manual dan rancang bangun diperoleh dua solusi optimal yaitu rute dengan jarak terpendek dengan total jarak optimal sebesar 101,1 km.
Implementasi Algoritma Best-First Search (BeFS) pada Penyelesaian Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) (Studi Kasus: Perjalanan Wisata Di Kota Yogyakarta)
Authors: Abrori Muchammad , Setiyani Rike Nur
Published: August 2017

Yogyakarta offers many tourist attractions, from nature based tourism, culinary tourism until cultural tourism. With so many tourist attractions offered by Yogyakarta, tourist often finds it difficult to arrange their travel schedule (from choosing which tourist attractions to be visited until choosing which route tourist should takes to maximize their vacation time). Therefore, it’s required to have a way to determine the shortest tour route so tourist can make their tour in the Yogyakarta effective. This problem can be categorized as Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) case. There are a lot of methods can be used to find the shortest route in Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP) case. To solve the problem, which is to find the shortest tour route in Yogyakarta, Algorithm Best-First Travelling will be used in this undergraduate thesis. The implementation of Algorithm Best-First Search to find the shortest tour route in Yogyakarta can be used to produce a solution for tourist to choose the shortest tour package and decide which route they should take. The premium tour package produces tour route from Adi Sucipto Airport-Gembira Loka Zoo- Purawisata-N’dalem Gamelan Hotel-Yogyakarta Palace-Benteng Vredeburg Museum-Taman Pintar-Tamansari-Adi Sucipto Airport with distance covered 20.297 meter. The middle tour package produces tour route from Tugu railway station-Benteng Vredeburg Museum- Taman Pintar-Yogyakarta Palace-Mawar Asri Hotel-Tamansari-Purawisata-Gembira Loka Zoo-Tugu railway station with distance covered 11.772 meter. The economy tour package produces tour route from Giwangan bus station- Gembira Loka zoo-Purawisata-Yogyakarta Palace-Mitra Hotel-Benteng Vredeburg Museum-Taman Pintar-Tamansari-Giwangan bus station with distance covered 14.037 meter.
Model Matematika Minuman Keras
Authors: Abrori Muchammad
Published: August 2017

Makalah ini membahas pembentukan model matematika jumlah alkohol sebagai komponen utama minuman keras dalam tubuh pengkonsumsinya. Lambung dan pembuluh darah menjadi dua kompartemen  yang menyusun model. Penyusunan model memperhatikan pula pola konsumsi alkohol, yaitu meminum sekali maupun rutin. Selain itu diperhatikan pula kondisi lambung pengkonsumsinya, apakah kosong atau sudah terisi zat makanan. Hasilnya diperoleh model yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa perubahan jumlah alkohol baik di dalam lambung maupun di dalam pembuluh darah.
Rethinking side effects of accountability in education: Insights from a multiple methods study in four German school systems
Authors: Thiel Corrie , Schweizer Sebastian , Bellmann Johannes
Published: August 2017

Based on a research project comprising data from an interview study and a survey with teachers and school principals in four German federal states (Bundesländer), this paper questions the claim that the side effects of accountability in education are bound to high-stakes contexts, and also provides evidence of side effects occurring in no- and low-stakes contexts. The findings suggest that side effects cannot be fully explained by certain implementation features of accountability regimes (e.g. high stakes), but should rather be understood as a result of implementation features as well as systematic effects of accountability in education.
The emphasis of student test scores in teacher appraisal systems
Authors: Smith William C. , Kubacka Katarzyna
Published: August 2017

Over the past 30 years teachers have been held increasingly accountable for the quality of education in their classroom. During this transition, the line between teacher appraisals, traditionally an instrument for continuous formative teacher feedback, and summative teacher evaluations has blurred. Student test scores, as an ‘objective’ measure, are increasingly used in teacher appraisals in response to historic questions that evaluations are based on ‘subjective’ components. Their central position in appraisals is part of a larger Global Testing Culture, where standardized tests are linked with high stakes outcomes. Although most teacher appraisal systems are based on multiple components, the prominence of testing as the taken for granted measure of quality suggests that not all components are given equal weight or seen as equally important. This article further explores the role of testing in high stakes teacher appraisal systems across 33 countries using data from the 2013 TALIS; addressing both the prominence of student test scores and their relative importance in teacher’s perceived feedback utility. Results indicate that, while rarely applied in isolation, student test scores are the most common component used in teacher appraisals. Relative to other components, student achievement is more often emphasized and, when emphasized in feedback, teachers are more likely to feel their appraisal had limited impact on their instruction and was completed solely as an administrative exercise.
Politics of education and teachers’ support for high-stakes teacher accountability policies
Authors: Pizmony-Levy Oren , Woolsey Ashley
Published: August 2017

Although educators are at the center of contentious high-stakes teacher accountability policies, we know very little about their attitudes toward these policies. This research gap is unfortunate because teachers are considered key actors in successful implementation of educational reforms. To what extent do the politics that accompany the introduction of high-stakes teacher accountability policies affect teachers’ support for the policies themselves? To address this gap, we used data from an experimental survey of teachers in New Jersey (n=444), where a new reform—Teacher Effectiveness and Accountability for Children of New Jersey Act (TEACHNJ)—was signed into law in 2012 and implemented shortly after. The cornerstone of the reform is a new evaluation system that ties student performance on standardized tests to teachers’ evaluation. We found that the majority of teachers oppose the new evaluation system. Teachers’ attitudes were shaped by the politics of the key actors advocating for the policy, perceptions of implementation efforts, and beliefs in the potential outcome of the policy. Open-ended responses indicated that teachers question the validity of the evaluation system and are concerned about the negative intended and unintended consequences of the system. We conclude this paper by discussing the implications of these findings for policy studies and policymaking.
Communities of practice and PISA for Schools: Comparative learning or a mode of educational governance?
Authors: Lewis Steven
Published: August 2017

This paper examines the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) PISA for Schools, a new variant of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) that compares school-level performance on reading, math and science with international schooling systems (e.g., Shanghai-China, Finland). Specifically, I focus here on a professional learning community – the Global Learning Network (GLN) – of U.S. schools and districts that have voluntarily participated in PISA for Schools, and how this, arguably, helps to normatively determine ‘what works’ in education. Drawing suggestively across diverse thinking around contemporary modes of governance, and emerging topological spaces and relations associated with globalization, and informed by interviews with 33 policy actors across the PISA for Schools policy cycle, my analyses suggest that GLN allows the OECD to discursively and normatively constrain how ‘world-class’ schools and systems, and their policies and practices, are defined. However, and in light of the productive capacities of power relations, I also argue that GLN provides opportunities for local educators and leaders to undertake meaningful collaboration and sharing, and to find policy spaces outside of those defined by more performative discursive framings of school accountability. To this end, I explore how GLN may help to foster alternative policy spaces from which educators can ‘talk back’ to national and state authorities, and potentially promote more ‘authentic’ understandings of, and possibilities for, schooling accountability.
The “power” of value-added thinking: Exploring the implementation of high-stakes teacher accountability policies in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Straubhaar Rolf
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this article is to ethnographically document the market-based ideological assumptions of Rio de Janeiro’s educational policymakers, and the ways in which those assumptions have informed these policymakers’ decision to implement value-added modeling-based teacher evaluation policies. Drawing on the anthropological literature on meaning making (Anderson-Levitt, 2012), the focus of this study is on the common understandings and ideological assumptions regarding “good” teacher education practice that undergird the policymaking decisions of Rio de Janeiro’s public education policymakers. On the basis of ethnographic interviews, I argue that the then-current Secretariat of Education in Rio was run primarily by people whose backgrounds in business and administration heavily influenced their ideological assumptions about good educational management. I further explore the ways in which Rio’s implementation of value-added modeling and high-stakes accountability-based teacher evaluation mechanisms reflects these latent ideological trends.
La consolidación del Estado evaluador a través de políticas de rendición de cuentas: Trayectoria, producción y tensiones en el sistema educativo
Authors: Parcerisa Lluís , Falabella Alejandra
Published: August 2017

Chile es un caso particularmente relevante para el estudio de la introducción de políticas de rendición de cuentas (RdC). Durante la primera década de los 2000 Chile intensificó el uso de estas medidas para intentar corregir “las fallas” de un mercado escolar altamente desregulado. El artículo examina el proceso de adopción de las políticas de RdC y la consolidación del Estado evaluador por medio de la construcción del “Sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad” durante el período 2006-2011. A nivel teórico, el artículo se basa en el enfoque de “la política y la semiótica de la adopción de políticas”. Metodológicamente, el estudio examina los documentos asociados al ámbito de la política (discursos oficiales, leyes, discusiones parlamentarias, informes, documentos gubernamentales), sumado a 27 entrevistas semi-estructuradas a personas involucradas en la producción de políticas (policy-makers, funcionarios del Ministerio, parlamentarios, asesores y técnicos). El artículo examina el proceso de construcción de la política, los factores que abrieron una “ventana de oportunidad” para consolidar dicha política, las disputas discursivas durante el proceso de deliberación, y la emergencia de la RdC como lugar de consenso que sedujo tanto a la derecha como al centro-izquierda.
Global perspectives on high-stakes teacher accountability policies: An introduction
Authors: Holloway Jessica , Sørensen Tore Bernt , Verger Antoni
Published: August 2017

The aim of this special issue, “Global Perspectives on High-Stakes Teacher Accountability Policies”, is to provide insights into a diverse set of policies focusing on teachers’ accountability, including the underpinning ideas and cultural and socio-economic contexts of these policies, as well as their effects on teachers’ work, the teaching profession and the broader educational environment. While these articles highlight the influence of the “global testing culture” on education systems world-wide, they also demonstrate the need for understanding accountability systems as context-specific. As such, we urge scholars to consider the social, historical, political and geographical contexts within which their research is situated and to promote a research agenda that looks at the specific responses and effects that accountability policies produce in different regulatory settings. This introductory article, first, clarifies the main focus and conceptual framework of the special issue and, second, presents an overview of the papers included in the issue and their main contents.
Synergistic inhibition effect of imidazoline derivative and potassium iodide on carbon steel corrosion in amidosulfuric acid solution
Authors: Mu Miaomiao , Chen Yaqiong , Yang Dong , Yan Aijun , Liao Qiangqiang
Published: August 2017

The mixture of 2-undecyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethly imidazoline (UHCI) with potassium iodide (KI) as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 8% amidosulfuric acid solution was investigated by weight loss test and electrochemical methods. Results show that the combined inhibitor strongly inhibits the corrosion of 20# carbon steel in amidosulfuric acid solution, and the mixture with the mass ratio (UHCI:KI) of 9:1 has the best corrosion inhibition at a total concentration of 0.4%. The impedance spectra of carbon steel electrodes change from one time constant into two time constants when the mixture inhibitor adds into the blank solution, while the polarization curves indicate that the mixture behaves as a mixed type inhibitor. The mixture is found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the mechanism is chemisorption.
Synthesis and application of a novel core-shell-shell magnetic ion imprinted polymer as a selective adsorbent of trace amounts of silver ions
Authors: Jalilian Rahil , Taheri Alireza
Published: August 2017

Ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) technology has received considerable attention for its greatest potential application. In this work, a novel magnetic nano ion-imprinted polymer (MIIP) for the selective and sensitive pre-concentration of silver (I) ions were used. It was obtained using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 nanoparticles as a magnetic support of adsorbent, Ag(I)-2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPT) complex as the template molecule and methacrylic acid (MAA), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), as the functional monomer, the radical initiator and crosslinker, respectively. The synthesized polymer nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Silver ions were separate from the polymer and measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The maximum adsorption capacity of the novel imprinted adsorbent for Ag(I) was calculated to be 62.5 mg g−1. The developed method was applied to the preconcentration of the analyte in the water, radiology film and food samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.
Linking ODA to the MPI: A Proposal for Latin America
Authors: Larru Jose Maria
Published: August 2017

The article starts from the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) methodology and measures ( Santos et al. 2015 ) available, and uses them to compare the current disbursements of Official Development Aid (ODA) with MPI-related deprivations and indicators. In particular, the six deprivation dimensions are matched with the current sectorial classifications contained in the OECD-CRS database. This empirical exercise allows making a comparison between ODA donors’ current disbursements (priorities) and normative disbursements, if the MPI were taken as the rule in order to attain the objective of real poverty eradication. Important political consequences of this counterfactual exercise are deduced: Latin American development agencies (ministries or departments) should start to register ODA flows using the multidimensional poverty dimensions (housing, basic services, standard of living, education, and employment, and social protection); donors (both North-South and South-South Cooperation) should focus their resources and priorities on the MPI structure, increasing recipients’ ownership of development strategies and interventions. This information and way of delivery may make it possible to focus the evaluation of ODA flows more deeply on their impact on poverty, in line with Busan’s recommendations and the post-2015 development agenda (SDG 1).
Options for developing modernized geodetic datum for Nepal following the April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake
Authors: Pearson Chris , Manandhar Niraj , Denys Paul
Published: August 2017

Along with the damage to buildings and infrastructure, the April 25, 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake caused significant deformation over a large area of eastern Nepal with displacements of over 2 m recorded in the vicinity of Kathmandu.

Nepal currently uses a classical datum developed in 1984 by the Royal (UK) Engineers in collaboration with the Nepal Survey Department. It has served Nepal well; however, the recent earthquakes have provided an impetus for developing a semi-dynamic datum that will be based on ITRF2014 and have the capacity to correct for tectonic deformation.

In the scenario we present here, the datum would be based on ITRF2014 with a reference epoch set some time after the end of the current sequence of earthquakes. The deformation model contains a grid of the secular velocity field combined with models of the Gorkha Earthquake and the May 12 Mw7.3 aftershock. We have developed a preliminary velocity field by collating GPS derived crustal velocities from four previous studies for Nepal and adjacent parts of China and India and aligning them to the ITRF. Patches for the co-seismic part of the deformation for the Gorkha earthquake and the May 12, 2015 Mw 7.2 aftershock are based on published dislocation models.

High order control would be a CORS network based around the existing Nepal GPS Array. Coordinates for existing lower order control would be determined by readjusting existing survey measurements and these would be combined with a series of new control stations spread throughout Nepal.
Reoccurrence of Bleeding of a Chronic Subdural Haematoma Following a Fall
Authors: Carretero Rafael García
Published: August 2017

The case of a 60-year-old patient who presented with an acute-on-chronic subdural haematoma is reported. Chronic haematoma usually remains asymptomatic, and this is considered to be an unusual course of events. Trivial or minor injury may cause the cortical bridge veins and fragile vessels in the former haematoma to rupture with concomitant reoccurrence of bleeding. Old age, repeated traumatic brain injuries, brain atrophy, antiplatelet agents and oral anticoagulants such as warfarin are considered to be the underlying conditions to cause the reoccurrence of bleeding. However, our patient did not have any of those conditions.
Testing for Spatial Lag Effects in Varying Coefficient Spatial Autoregressive Models
Authors: Guo Shuang , Wei Chuanhua
Published: August 2017

This paper is concerned with testing for the varying coefficient spatial autoregressive models. Based on the profile likelihood estimation procedure, a profile generalized likelihood ratio test procedure is proposed to test spatial lag effects, and a residual-based bootstrap procedure is used to derive the p-value of the test. Some simulations are conducted to assess the performance of the test and the results are satisfactory.
Environmental Degradation and Economic Development in China: An Interrelated Governance Challenge
Authors: Amesheva Inna
Published: August 2017

The author argues that the deterioration of the natural environment in China provides a persuasive reason to reorient China’s economic growth towards a more sustainable path. Reconciling the development and environment imperatives needs to become an urgent priority for the Chinese government in order to avert the cascading implications that will arise in terms of social unrest, loss of further development opportunities as well as deepening income inequality. This paper thus examines the inter-relationship between the current ecological challenge in China and the need for economic sustainability. It evaluates the extent of environmental damage in China and focuses on the environmental impact on development and social inequality. The paper then examines the recent legislative measures that have been taken by the Chinese government to address the problem of inefficient environmental monitoring. The author suggests that further reform is needed to achieve an economically and ecologically just pathway for China’s future. The paper therefore demonstrates that the environment–development challenge in China is mainly a challenge of governance. Resolving it will contribute to better environmental justice and development.
The crystal structure of carbonyl(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-olato-κ
2
O,O′)-(diphenylcyclohexylphosphine-κ
P)rhodium(I), C24H25NO3PRh
Authors: Elmakki Mohammed A. , Alexander Orbett T. , Venter Gertruida J. S. , Venter Johan A.
Published: August 2017

C24H25NO3PRh, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.5498(1) Å, b = 13.4996(2) Å, c = 17.428(3) Å, V = 2246.7(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0163, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0376, T = 100 K.
Dual pH-/temperature-responsive and fluorescent hydrogel for controlled drug delivery
Authors: Ye Wanli , Zhu Lidan , Xia Shan , Zhang Xiumei
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this investigation is to develop a dual pH-/temperature-responsive and fluorescent hydrogel based on piperazine and Pluronic F127 (PF127). Firstly, polyurethane was synthesized using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl) piperazine, and PF127 by a step polymerization process. Erythrosine B (EB) is then incorporated into copolymers to offer a fluorescence property. The polyurethane-PF127-EB copolymer can spontaneously self-assemble into hydrogels with a great number of closely packed micelles, and the hydrogels also have the ability to undergo thermo-sensitive sol-gel phase transition above the critical gelation concentration. The gelation temperature can be adjusted near the physiological condition by modulating the concentration of the copolymer in an aqueous medium. The acid-titration curves indicate a good pH-responsive property, and the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra exhibit strong self-fluorescence signals for hydrogels. As a result, the hydrogels not only can serve as drug carriers but can also be utilized as fluorescence imaging probes in biomedical applications.
Techniques in the synthesis of mononuclear manganese complexes: a review
Authors: Ali Basharat , Shakir M. Rizwan , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan
Published: August 2017

This article describes an overview of the synthetic techniques and protocols for the preparation of new ligands and respective manganese (Mn) complexes to be tested for biomedical applications. Mn is an essential and biocompatible element, the complexes of which have diverse medicinal applications. The most significant use of Mn complexes is their application against reactive oxygen species in biological systems, and due to this, three Mn-incorporated complexes (AEOL-10150, EUK-134, and M40403) are already under clinical trials. Hence, the interest in synthesizing biologically active Mn complexes is rapidly increasing. Mn complexes are commonly synthesized using either water or ethanol as a reaction medium for their possible usage in biological systems. Using common Mn salts along with suitable organic ligand works well in the presence of little heat to obtain Mn complexes of interest.
Insights in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: nitric oxide may induce mitochondrial dysfunction of oligodendrocytes
Authors: Lan Minghong , Tang Xiaoyi , Zhang Jie , Yao Zhongxiang
Published: August 2017

Demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are kinds of common diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), and originated from myelin loss and axonal damage. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction is the direct reason of demyelinating lesions in the CNS. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathological process of demyelinating diseases. Although the neurotoxicity of NO is more likely mediated by peroxynitrite rather than NO itself, NO can impair oligodendrocyte energy metabolism through mediating the damaging of mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial membrane and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. In the progression of MS, NO can mainly mediate demyelination, axonal degeneration and cell death. Hence, in this review, we extensively discuss endangerments of NO in oligodendrocytes (OLs), which is suggested to be the main mediator in demyelinating diseases, e.g. MS. We hypothesize that NO takes part in MS through impairing the function of monocarboxylate transporter 1, especially causing axonal degeneration. Then, it further provides a new insight that NO for OLs may be a reliable therapeutic target to ameliorate the course of demyelinating diseases.
Understanding the 2016 US Presidential Polls: The Importance of Hidden Trump Supporters
Authors: Enns Peter K. , Lagodny Julius , Schuldt Jonathon P.
Published: August 2017

Following Donald Trump’s unexpected victory in the 2016 US presidential election, the American Association for Public Opinion Research announced that “the polls clearly got it wrong” and noted that talk of a “crisis in polling” was already emerging. Although the national polls ended up being accurate, surveys just weeks before the election substantially over-stated Clinton’s lead and state polls showed systematic bias in favor of Clinton. Different explanations have been offered for these results, including non-response bias and late deciders. We argue, however, that these explanations cannot fully account for Trump’s underperformance in October surveys. Utilizing data from two national polls that we conducted in October of 2016 (n>2100 total) as well as 14 state-level polls from October, we find consistent evidence for the existence of “hidden” Trump supporters who were included in the surveys but did not openly express their intention to vote for Trump. Most notably, when we account for these hidden Trump supporters in our October survey data, both national and state-level analyses foreshadow Trump’s Election Day support. These results suggest that late-breaking campaign events may have had less influence than previously thought and the findings hold important implications for how scholars, media, and campaigns analyze future election surveys.
Divergence and convergence among the Ghana-Togo Mountain languages
Authors: Ameka Felix K. , Essegbey James
Published: August 2017

The genetic unity and lineage of a group of fifteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana-Togo border with an outlier across the Togo-Benin border have been debated for over a century. Some have concluded that they are not a genetic group. Instead they are a geographical and socio-cultural grouping (see Ian Maddieson 1998, Collapsing vowel harmony and doubly-articulated fricatives: Two myths about the phonology of Avatime. In Ian Maddieson & Thomas J. Hinnebusch (eds.),Language history and linguistic description in Africa, 155–166. Trenton: Africa World Press) or a typological grouping masquerading as a genetic unit (Roger Blench 2009, Do the Ghana-Togo mountain languages constitute a genetic group?Journal of West African Languages36(1/2). 19–36). This paper investigates the latter claim. We argue that even though the languages share some typological features, there is enormous diversity among the languages such that they do not constitute a typological grouping by themselves. We examine four phonological and twelve morpho-syntactic features to show the convergence and divergence among the languages. We argue that while some of the features are inherited from higher level proto languages e.g. the noun class systems, others are contact-induced and yet others in their specificities could be seen as arising due to internal parallel development in the individual languages.
Expressiveness and system integration: On the typology of ideophones, with special reference to Siwu
Authors: Dingemanse Mark
Published: August 2017

Ideophones are often described as words that are highly expressive and morphosyntactically marginal. A study of ideophones in everyday conversations in Siwu (Kwa, eastern Ghana) reveals a landscape of variation and change that sheds light on some larger questions in the morphosyntactic typology of ideophones. This article documents a trade-off between expressiveness and morphosyntactic integration, with high expressiveness linked to low integration and vice versa. It also describes a pathway for deideophonization and finds that frequency of use influences the degree to which ideophones can come to be more like ordinary words. The findings have implications for processes of (de)ideophonization, ideophone borrowing, and ideophone typology. A key point is that the internal diversity we find in naturally occurring data, far from being mere noise, is patterned variation that can help us to get a handle on the factors shaping ideophone systems within and across languages.
Antioxidant capacity, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate of Achillea millefolium
Authors: Barut Elif Nur , Barut Burak , Engin Seçkin , Yıldırım Sercan , Yaşar Ahmet , Türkiş Sevda , Özel Arzu , Sezen Feride Sena
Published: August 2017

Objective

Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) is a traditional herbal medicine that contains natural compounds with antioxidant activities and is used for a wide range of conditions among people. The aim of our study was to investigate antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of A. millefolium extracts to determine its potential therapeutic usage in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods

Methanol extracts (ME) and ethanol extracts (EE) of A. millefolium were prepared to determine (a) in vitro antioxidant activities, (b) the effects on acetylcholinesterase kinetics (by using a colorimetric spectroscopic method) and (c) the effects on sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation in mice brain homogenate.

Results

ME had higher antioxidant activities compared to EE. Both extracts displayed a competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase; however, the inhibitory activity of ME was higher than EE. The inhibitory constant (Ki) values of ME and EE were found to be 28.43 and 68.47 μg/mL, respectively. Both extracts caused a significant concentration-dependent decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in mice brain homogenate, indicating a strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions

Our results showed that A. millefolium has a high antioxidant capacity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity due to its phenolic compounds, suggesting a potential use as adjuvant therapy in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
Text and Performance: Tayyartu, “Repetition,” in a Mīs Pî-Type Incantation and an Emesal Prayer
Authors: Gabbay Uri , Mirelman Sam
Published: August 2017

The following examines the Akkadian scribal annotation
A Private Middle Assyrian Letter Sent by Pilta-ādur to Nabbānu (with an Aphorism drawn from the World of Medicine)
Authors: Cohen Yoram , Llop Jaume
Published: August 2017

This article presents a new private Middle Assyrian letter that was sent by a woman to her husband. The letter is concerned with a liability borne by the husband. Of particular interest is an aphorism or popular saying which was drawn from the world of medicine, delivered by the woman at the close of the letter.
Naramsîn und Ištar sitzen sich gegenüber: Darstellung auf einer Steinform unklarer Nutzung
Authors: Braun-Holzinger Eva Andrea
Published: August 2017

A fragment of a stone “mould” shows the deified Naramsîn and Ištar, both sitting on a stepped construction. This extraordinary image is set in a mythic scenery with mountain-gods and a water-goddess. Philologists and archaeologists alike were inspired by this intricate image; their interpretations are manifold and erudite, nevertheless highly speculative. But, alas, this unique

All the motifs of this tableau are known from other Near Eastern artefacts, but all of them show aberrations that are at fault with the well-known Mesopotamian iconographic conventions of the 3
Synthesis and crystal structures of bis(imidazolidine-2-thione-κS)bis(thiocyanato-κS)mercury(II) and bis(cyanido)bis(μ2
-imidazolidine-2-thione-κS)mercury(II).Hg(CN)2
Authors: Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Sabir Sarwat , Anwar Aneela , Isab Anvarhusein A. , Al-Arfaj Abdul Rahman , Ahmad Saeed , Sharif Shahzad
Published: August 2017

Two mercury(II) complexes containing imidazolidine-2-thione (Imt) and thiocyanate or cyanide ligands, [Hg(Imt)2(SCN)2] (1) and [Hg(Imt)2(CN)2].Hg(CN)2 (2), have been prepared and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In compound 1, the mercury atom is located on a two-fold rotation axis and is coordinated to two thione sulfur atoms of imidazolidine-2-thione (Imt) and to two sulfur atoms of thiocyanate in a distorted tetrahedral mode with the S-Hg-S bond angles in the range of 98.96(3)–148.65(6)°. In 2, the mercury atom is hexa-coordinated having a distorted octahedral geometry composed of two cyanide C atoms [Hg-C=2.055(5) Å] and four weakly bound thione S atoms of imidazolidine-2-thione (Imt) [Hg-S=3.1301(13) and 3.1280(13) Å]. One free Hg(CN)2 molecule is also present in the crystal. In both complexes, the molecular structure is stabilized by N-H…N and N-H…S hydrogen bonding interactions.
Effects of a water extract of Lepidium meyenii root in different models of persistent pain in rats
Authors: Tenci Barbara , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Maresca Mario , Micheli Laura , Pieraccini Giuseppe , Mulinacci Nadia , Ghelardini Carla
Published: August 2017

Lepidium meyenii (Walp.), commonly called maca, is an Andean crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Maca hypocotils are habitually consumed as customary food as well as traditional remedies for pathological conditions such as infertility. Moreover, the characterization of maca extracts revealed the presence of compounds that are able to modulate the nervous system. Aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L. meyenii in persistent pain, the present study analyzed the effects of a commercial root extract from maca in different animal models reproducing the most common causes of chronic painful pathologies. A qualitative characterization of this commercial extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analyses allowed us to confirm the presence of some macamides known as bioactive constituents of this root and the absence of the main aromatic glucosinolates. The acute oral administration of maca extract is able to reduce mechanical hypersensitivity and postural unbalance induced by the intra-articular injection of monoiodoacetate and the chronic-constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, L. meyenii extract reverts pain threshold alterations evoked by oxaliplatin and paclitaxel. A good safety profile in mice and rats was shown. In conclusion, the present maca extract could be considered as a therapeutic opportunity to relieve articular and neuropathic pain.
The components of shear stress affecting insect cells used with the baculovirus expression vector system
Authors: Weidner Tobias , Druzinec Damir , Mühlmann Martina , Buchholz Rainer , Czermak Peter
Published: August 2017

Insect-based expression platforms such as the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) are widely used for the laboratory- and industrial-scale production of recombinant proteins. Thereby, major drawbacks to gain high-quality proteins are the lytic infection cycle and the shear sensitivity of infected insect cells due to turbulence and aeration. Smaller bubbles were formerly assumed to be more harmful than larger ones, but we found that cell damage is also dependent on the concentration of protective agents such as Pluronic®. At the appropriate concentration, Pluronic forms a layer around air bubbles and hinders the attachment of cells, thus limiting the damage. In this context, we used microaeration to vary bubble sizes and confirmed that size is not the most important factor, but the total gas surface area in the reactor is. If the surface area exceeds a certain threshold, the concentration of Pluronic is no longer sufficient for cell protection. To investigate the significance of shear forces, a second study was carried out in which infected insect cells were cultivated in a hollow fiber module to protect them from shear forces. Both model studies revealed important aspects of the design and scale-up of BEVS processes for the production of recombinant proteins.
Experimental Modeling of Quicksand with Transparent Soil through an Orifice
Authors: Gao Binglun , Sui Wanghua
Published: August 2017

Quicksand hazards severely threaten the safety of underground construction work and production in coal mines. This paper presents an experimental investigation on quicksand through an orifice. The flow velocity, flow patterns, and quicksand volume are examined using digital image processing of transparent soil. An experimental setup for modeling quicksand is designed according to simplified geological conditions. In the experiments, fused quartz is used to simulate the sand, and a mixed mineral oil that has the same refractive index as that of the fused quartz is used to simulate the pore fluid. Different conditions of quicksand are then modeled. Images of the modeling processes are captured and analyzed. The velocity of the sand flow and velocity distributions are obtained by using digital image correlation. The results show that there are two flow patterns: column and funnel. The sand moves vertically in the column, and the flow velocity field is distributed in an elliptical-like bubble shape. In the funnel pattern, the sand moves along a slope surface, faster than the sands inside, until they both reach a stagnant zone. The analysis results of the flow velocity and volume of the sand show that the quicksand process can be divided into four stages: initial, stable, unstable, and end stages. Furthermore, there are two typical modes of quicksand: uniform and non-uniform slope receding modes.
Luxury, Vice, and Health
Authors: Schoolman Edward
Published: August 2017

In Antioch and its hinterland during late antiquity, Christian leaders frequently attacked baths and the activities that took place within them. Despite efforts to anathematize their use and to discourage their construction, baths remained important social and civic fixtures in both large cities and in semi-rural settlements continuously into the Islamic period. This survival, documented in archaeological and literary sources, offers a means to trace divergent attitudes towards their roles against their changing physical forms. Baths could be understood as places of luxury, yet also in early Christian perspectives understood by the evils produced by their excesses, while their construction could commemorate local civic patronage. Yet it is the notion of bathing as a means to promote hygiene and healing that survived to become dominant, adopted as the primary feature of baths in hagiographic texts in the fifth and sixth centuries, and further echoed in the physical transition into new smaller, more austere forms.
Zlouporaba alkohola kao rizični čimbenik suicidalnog ponašanja adolescenata
Authors: Itković Zora , Boras Sofija
Published: August 2017

U radu se govori o povezanosti utjecaja alkohola i suicidalnog ponašanja adolescenata. Iznose se značajke perioda adolescencije kada se mladi suočavaju s mnogim problemima odrastanja i drugi utjecaji koji pridonose odluci mladih da konzumiraju alkohol. Razmatraju se neka suvremena istraživanja u svijetu o povezanosti konzumiranja alkohola i suicida adolescenata. Posebno poglavlje su mjere primarne prevencije u suzbijanju konzumiranja alkohola kod mladih i preveniranju suicida. Cilj rada bio je ustanoviti u kojoj mjeri na suicidalno ponašanje mladih, pored svojstava ličnosti i socijalnih čimbenika, utječe konzumiranje alkohola. Primjenjena je istraživačko - analitička metoda korištenja medicinske i pedagoške dokumentacije. Rad pokazuje da na suicidalno ponašanje mladih utječu mnogobrojni čimbenici (svojstva ličnosti i socijalni faktori), ali sam čin suicida, mnogo više od ostalih čimbenika, potkrepljuje alkohol.
MEN4 and CDKN1B mutations: the latest of the MEN syndromes
Authors: Alrezk Rami , Hannah-Shmouni Fady , Stratakis Constantine A
Published: August 2017

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) refers to a group of autosomal dominant disorders with generally high penetrance that lead to the development of a wide spectrum of endocrine and non-endocrine manifestations. The most frequent among these conditions is MEN type 1 (MEN1), which is caused by germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. MEN1 is characterized by primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and functional or nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pituitary adenomas. Approximately 10% of patients with familial or sporadic MEN1-like phenotype do not have MEN1 mutations or deletions. A novel MEN syndrome was discovered, initially in rats (MENX), and later in humans (MEN4), which is caused by germline mutations in the putative tumor suppressor CDKN1B. The most common phenotype of the 19 established cases of MEN4 that have been described to date is PHPT followed by pituitary adenomas. Recently, somatic or germline mutations in CDKN1B were also identified in patients with sporadic PHPT, small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma and breast cancer, demonstrating a novel role for CDKN1B as a tumor susceptibility gene for other neoplasms. In this review, we report on the genetic characterization and clinical features of MEN4.
Виховання прогресивної ментальності молоді в умовах цивілізаційних змін за впливу інформаційно-високотехнологічного прогресу
Authors: Polishchuk N. V.
Published: August 2017

Автор у статті розглядає цивілізаційні зміни спричинені інформаційно-високотехнологічним науково-технічним прогресом, які справляють глибокий вплив на всі Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" людського існування і неодмінно приведуть до нової економічної, соціальної, демографічної, антропологічної, ментальної і духовної ситуації в житті людства і які вже позначаються на духовності й моралі молоді, її ментальності і вірі. У статті з’ясовано, яким способом інформаційно-високотехнологічний науково-технічний прогрес, і особливо освіта, можуть впливати на ментальність молодої людини, як інтелектуального, духовно багатого спеціаліста, на її природу, на її нинішнє та майбутнє існування. Наводяться авторські визначення інформаційно-високотехнологічного науково-технічного прогресу та ментальності в умовах інформаційно-високотехнологічного прогресу.Показано, що українська нація знаходиться в стані пошуку свого шляху розвитку (цивілізаційного, духовного, культурного, ментального, економічного, політичного, суспільного) у сучасному постіндустріальному, постмодерному інформаційно-високотехнологічному світі, для інтенсифікації розвитку якого необхідно долучити як суспільні інституції, так і освітні, враховуючи ментальність нашої нації, яка має свої історичні витоки та систему цінностей, свій специфічний спосіб мислення, особливий тип світосприйняття в системі духовного життя. Тільки таким чином можна виховати молоде покоління українців — щасливе, освічене, духовно і матеріально багате, з прогресивним мисленням і ментальністю.
Послання нащадкам: світ його ловив…
Authors: Riabokliach V. V.
Published: August 2017

Дослідження творчості Г.С.Сковороди продовжується, і кожне нове покоління відкриває для себе нові Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" розуміння його спадщини. Особливу зацікавленість викликає своєрідне послання мислителя нащадкам,написане за його побажанням на могилі: „Світ ловив мене, та не спіймав». Це прощальне слово є не тільки підсумком життєвого шляху, але має на меті передати сутність його бачення та ставлення до світу. Схиляємось до думки, що філософ не мав на увазі три світи, описання яких добре відомі. Мова йде радше про «світ мирський, суєтний». Саме його сутність і полягає в тому, щоб завадити людині звільнитись від його панування. У такому розумінні світ бере собі за мету розчинити людину в собі, відірвати сутність людини від неї самої. Світ перетворюється на бездушний автомат, котрий повільно вишукує все нові варіанти поневолення людини. Сковорода піднімає тему «спорідненої праці», як своєрідного інструмента , спрямованого на протидію зусиллям світу. Сама ця тема хронологічно випереджає навіть перші сміливі пошуки (Сміт, Ріккардо, Маркс) і за своєю сутністю не вписується в історично сформовані напрямки капіталістичного або соціалістичного розвитку. Так само і теперішні економічні теорії, котрі дуже добре пояснюють сучасний стан світового господарства чи окремо взятої держави, не беруть до уваги (й не можуть взяти, інакше вони просто перестали б бути економічними) основне положення вчення Сковороди – соціально-духовно-релігійну сумісність діяльності та самої людини. Сковорода не втікає від світу, проте, щоб його побачити та зрозуміти, потрібно ніби вийти зі світу, відсторонитись, поглянути на нього неупереджено, інакше процес пізнання і не здійснюється. Світ для людини має стати певною протилежністю, щоб його можна було вивчати, щоб людина зрозуміла свою відмінність, іншість. Певно, цей процес настільки складний, що далеко не всі здатні подолати «тяжіння» світу.
Приватність як конвенціональний концепт: до обґрунтування дослідницької стратегії
Authors: Khodus Y. V.
Published: August 2017

Пропонується оригінальна дослідницька стратегія аналізу приватності, яка передбачає осмислення даного феномена як конвенційного концепту. Стверджується, що в сучасному інтелектуальному просторі на тлі очевидного несприйняття будь-яких «тоталізуючих» істин, всіляки спроби привести існуючі трактування певного явища до якогось спільного знаменника виглядають безперспективними. Водночас, це зовсім не скасовує необхідності інтелектуальної діяльності з уточнення термінологічного і концептуального словника науки. В певному сенсі, ідею конвенційного концепту якраз і можна розглядати як приклад саме такої діяльності. Доводиться, що оптика, яка пропонується, має особ-ливу евристику в силу того, що актуалізує позицію критичної саморефлексії дослідника, яка включає, з одного боку - оцінку власної рефлексивної позиції, а з іншого - характер актуальної соціокультурної ситуації, яка, в свою чергу, задає параметри виробництва наукового дискурсу. Обґрунтовується, що побудова конвенційного концепту приватності, як частина аналітичної роботи, забезпечує первинне упорядкування, початкову класифікацію розрізнених феноменів, семантичних одиниць, що становлять зміст приватності і мають виражену контекстуальну природу.