bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Bidang Morfologi Pada Portal Radar Solo Tema Covid-19
Authors: Aprilia Oky , Nuur Qoryah Afifah , Yahya Aprilia Oky
Published: October 2020

AbstrakRadar Solo merupakan perusahaan jurnalistik yang berada di Solo. Berita disajikan melalui dua media yaitu, cetak dan publikasi melalui portal website dan media sosial lainnya. Sebagai media penyalur berita kepada pendengar dan pembaca tentu Radar Solo tidak luput dari kesalahan berbahasa dalam menulis dan menyiarkan berita. Hal itu membuat peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji kesalahan berbahasa bidang morfologi pada berita-berita yang dipublikasikan secara daring oleh Radar Solo melalui alamat portal resminya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk kesalahan berbahasa bidang morfologi dalam penulisan berita di Radar Solo dengan tema Covid-19. Peneliti fokus untuk mengkaji berita-berita yang dipublikasikan pada bulan Maret tentang isu Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah membaca dan menulis. Langkah-langkah dalam mengklasifikasikan data dan kesalahan antara lain yaitu, 1) pengumpulan data, 2) mengidentifikasi kesalahan, 3) megklasifikasikan kesalahan, dan 4) mengevaluasi kesalahan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kesalahan berbahasa bidang morfologi meliputi 1) Kesalahan penghilangan prefiks me- dan ber-, 2) Kesalahan penghilangan sufiks —an dan —kan, 3) Bunyi yang tidak diluluhkan, 4) Penggunaan afiks yang tidak tepat, 5) Peluluhan bunyi yang seharusnya tidak luluh. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi evaluasi untuk lebih teliti dalam menuliskan berita khususnya pada bidang morfologi.Kata kunci: Kesalahanberbahasa, morfologi, daring, Covid-19, Radar Solo
Korelasi Makna Bahasa Indonesia yang Baik dan Benar dengan Qaulan Ma’rufa dan Qaulan Sadida
Authors: Abdul Aziz Ikhsan , Ahmad Supendi Deden , Firdaus Asep
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini difokuskan pembahasannya pada korelasi makna. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui makna bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar dengan qaulan ma’rufa dan qaulan sadida. Jenis metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang terfokus pada pendeskripsian hasil. Pada proses penelitiannya, keempat istilah tersebut merujuk pada teori-teori mengenai makna kata yang disesuaikan dalam kaidah bahasa, seperti yang termaktub dalam KBBI dan kitab-kitab tafsir Alquran. Bahasa Indonesia yang baik diartikan sebagai bahasa yang dipertuturkan sesuai dengan tempatnya. Bahasa Indonesia yang benar adalah bahasa Indonesia yang mengikuti kaidah kebahasan, yaitu PUEBI dan KBBI. Qaulan ma’rufa sebagai salah satu prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dalam perspektif Alquran mengandung makna pertuturan yang baik dan tidak menyakitkan hati seseorang. Qaulan sadida dimaknai sebagai pertuturan yang benar sesuai dengan Alquran atau hadis.
Kritik Sosial Dalam Naskah Drama Bunga Rumah Makan Karya Utuy Tatang Sontani
Authors: Ayu Safitri Rizky
Published: October 2020

Dalam kehidupanmanusiabegitubanyakperistiwayangterjadidimukabumiini.Peristiwainiterlahirdarisegalakegiatan manusia yang dilakukan untuk memenuhikebutuhan sehari-haripada lingkungannya yang dapatmenghasilkan berbagaikisah atau cerita dalam karyasastratentangpengalamanyangdilaluiolehseseorang.Dalam penulisannaskahdramapengarangharusmampumengamatidenganpenuhpenghayatantentangperistiwayang terjadi agar pengarang benar-benar merasakanperistiwayang dialamiolehmanusia.Sehinggasetiapadegandemiadegan,dialogdemidialogyangkemudianditulis kembali menjadi sebuah karya sastra dapatdinikmatiolehpenikmatsastra.ObjekyangakanditelitiadalahnaskahdramaRumahBungaMakankaryaUtuyTatang Sontani dengan menggunakan pendekatansosiologisastra.Penelitian inimenggunakan metodedeskriptif.Metodedeskriptifadalahpendekatanpenelitianyangsumberdatanyaberupakata-kata. HasilpenelitiansosiologisastrapadanaskahdramaBungaRumahMakankarya Utuy Tatang Sontanimemaparkan secara jelaskondisi masyarakat mengenai berbagai macampermasalahandalamkehidupansosial.
Representasi Konteks Sejarah dalam Puisi Esai Mata Luka Sengkon Karta
Authors: Adriansyah Rully
Published: October 2020

This study aims to describe how historical contexts contained in the essay poem "Mata Luka Sengkon Karta" by Peri Sandi Huizche. With reference to some problem formulations formulated on how the historical context is presented and how social criticism in the essay poem "Mata Luka Sengkon Karta" by Peri Sandi Huizche. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method using data collection techniques namely interventarization techniques, reading reading techniques, recording techniques. Based on research conducted by researchers, it can be concluded that there are three historical contexts and three social criticisms contained in the essay poem "Mata Luka Sengkon Karta" by Peri. Keywords: Historical Contexts; Essay Poem; Mata Luka Sengkon Karta
Istilah Kekerabatan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Minangkabau: Analisis Kontrastif dalam Pemelajaran Bahasa
Authors: Zabadi Fairul
Published: October 2020

Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mendeskripsikan sistem dan istilah kekerabatan di dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Minangkbau berdasarkan analisis konstraktif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penenltian ini adalah kulaitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Data penelitian berupa istilah-istilah kekerabatan yang terdapat di dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Minangkabau. Data tersebut bersumber dari sembilan kamus bahasa Indonesia dan kamus Minangkabau serta wawancara langsung atau tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa istilah kekerabatan dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Minangkabu berbeda dalam jumlah, tetapi sama dalam hal hieraki dari atas ke bawah dengan titik acuan EGO. Istilah kekerbatan dalam bahasa Indonesia ada tujuh belas,  yaitu   anak, cucu, cicit, piut, bapak, ibu, kakek, nenek, moyang, buyut, paman, bibi, kakak, adik, sepupu, anggas. dan kemenakan. Istilah-istilah tersebut memiliki hubungan empat tingkat di atas EGO dan lima tingkat di bawah EGO. Sementara itu, istilah kekerabatan dalam bahasa Minangkabau berjumlah delapan belas, yaitu anak, cucu, cicik, piuk, (b)apak, (a)mak, uwak/uwo, ayek/angku, niniak//inyiak, pak tuo, pak etek, mak tuo, etek (ma)mak tuo, (ma) etek, (ma)maka tunggano, uni, uda, adiak. dan kamanakan. Istilah-istilah tersebut memiliki hubungan lima tingkat di atas EGO dan empat tingkat di bawah EGO.
Knowledge Awareness and Attitude of Women toward Epidural Anesthesia during Labor
Authors: Hejaz Hatem A , Skafe Khulood , Awawdeh Suzan
Published: October 2020

Background: Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a local anesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain, and is widely used as a form of pain relief in labor. However, it is likely that epidural blocks lengthen labor and result in increased rates of operative vaginal delivery. Although, questions have been raised about its side effects.

Objectives: The aims of this research study are; to predict the common use of epidural analgesia in Palestinian women, to assess its effectiveness on pain relief, and to determine its adverse effects. However, the study designed to measure the knowledge awareness, and attitude of Palestinian women toward epidural anesthesia during labor.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study included females (age < 20 - > 40 years old) from all governorates in Palestine. The survey was designed to measure the knowledge awareness and attitude of Palestinian women toward epidural anesthesia during labor. A total of 2685 females participated in the study. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data collected.

Results: About 893 women (33%) participated in the research study didn’t use the epidural analgesia and 1792 (67%) women used it, out of 2685 women completed the questionnaire. The research study included Palestinian women in different Governorates in Palestine. 43.2 % (800) of women who participated in this research study mentioned that the epidural injection is painless, 29.3% (543) said that it is painful and others filled it may be painful. In women used epidural injection, the expending of uterus was 1-2 cm in 355 women (20.5%), 2-3 cm in 325 women (18.7%), 3-4 cm in 482 women (27.8 %), 4-5 cm in 355 women (20.5%) and more than 5 cm in 218 women (12.6 %). The percentage of birth pain which anesthetized by epidural analgesia; 621 women (35%) mentioned that the epidural injection anesthetized about 80-100% , 24.5% (434) is 60-80% ,13% (230) is 40-60% , 9.4 (166) is 20-40% and 18.2% (322) is 0-20% .
Comparative Non-Randomised Observational Study of Prasugrel and Ticagrelor in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Keerthana Samala Sai , Shravya Vaddepally , Divya Bandi , Bose Subash Chandra , A. Srinivasa Rao A. Srinivasa Rao
Published: October 2020

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the primary guideline-recommended treatment strategy for patients presenting with CAD, STEMI, NSTEMI, Unstable Angina. It is known that, the use of oral P2Y12 receptor antagonists (Prasugrel and Ticagrelor) in PCI patients could lead to improved outcomes compared with clopidogrel. This study has been designed for review and analysis of clinical safety and outcomes of these agents in patients undergoing PCI.  Out of 100 patients (50 in Prasugrel group & 50 in Ticagrelor group) considered for the study, the incidence of stroke, stent thrombosis was comparable between the groups with P =0.044, P =0.041 respectively and was not comparable for MI (P=0.245). Single Death was reported. The results differed significantly for Palpitations/Arrhythmia(P=0.018), SOB(P=0.000), Dizziness(P=0.005), Creatinine levels(P=0.000), Fatigue(P=0.003), Headache(P=0.000) and did not differ significantly for Bleeding and Back pain in both the drug groups with P =1.000, P =0.438 respectively. Also, majority of the patients showed decreased platelet count in both the drug groups. Withdrawal parameters, like withdrawal due to cost(P=0.172) and withdrawal due to fear of side effects(P=1.000) when evaluated for both the drugs showed no significant difference. Outcomes associated with Prasugrel were not superior to outcomes associated with Ticagrelor when 30 days to 6 months follow up was done. The clinical safety, side effects and withdrawal parameters were comparable and the results showed no significant difference between these drug groups. Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel, Dual Anti-Platelet therapy, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery Disease.
Repurposable Drug Candidates are Potential Therapeutic Target against Global SARS-CoV-2 Crisis
Authors: Rahman Md. Siddikur , Mina Fahmida Begum , Das Sabuj , Billah Mutasim , Sumon Karmakar Sumon Karmakar , Khan Alam , Akhtar Sharmin , Acharjee Uzzal Kumar , Hasan Md. Faruk
Published: October 2020

This review provides a pharmacological approach to combat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on two comprehensive denominations which could be specifically intended for viral replication process by either inhibiting essential genomic viral enzymes or preventing viral entry to human cells. These denominations focused on immune therapies either to improve innate antiviral immune responses or to reduce impairment triggered by underactive inflammatory reactions. A variety of drug candidates are available which can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, comprising serine protease inhibitors: Transmembrane Orotease/Serine Subfamily member 2 (TMPRSS2), camostat mesylate, nafamostat mesylate, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. This review is also concerned with identifying drugs and ongoing clinical trials with their mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, monoclonal antibody, off-label antiviral drugs, nucleotide analog remdesivir and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs also could be used as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), dexamethasone, and antiviral phytochemicals that are currently reachable, can prevent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic morbidity and mortality.

Keywords: COVID-19; Antiviral drugs; NSAIDs; ACE2; Clinical trials
Optimization of Process Parameters for Formulation of Fluvastatin Tablet by Using Dry Granulation Method
Authors: Shete Nikhil Arun , Swami Vishwajeet , Kulkarni Vaibhav , Paratkar Gajanan , Mohan Rahul
Published: October 2020

The manufacturing process of the tablet is a very complex process; it can be affected by the several process parameters or variables. The aim of this study was to understand and optimize the process parameters such as mixing, granulation, lubrication and tablets compression processes using quality by design (QbD) approach for a model Anti- Hyperlipidemic drug Fluvastatin sodium. During the processes there are several parameters which may influence or affect product quality. So the main objective of present work was to identify various process parameters and optimize this parameter, for the formulation of good quality product which needs to optimize Blending time, Roller force, Compression force and machine speed. A scale up batch was taken to evaluate and optimize the parameters. Critical quality attributes (CQA) such as flow behavior, granules parameters, Blend uniformity, tablet appearance, effect on tablet quality like physical appearance (surface, weight etc.) and tablet dissolution time as well as drug release.  The test results of following parameters at various in-process phases are complies with the specified limits and finished product sample results were found to be within specified limits. This study results assures the manufacturing process is reproducible, robust and will yield consistent product, which meets specification.

Keywords: Process Parameters, Quality by Design, Fluvastatin, Granulation, Blending, Compression etc,.
Acute toxicity and central and peripheral analgesic activity of flowers and leaves essential oils of Asteriscus graveolens from South-West Algeria
Authors: Benaissa Keddar Youcef , Megherbi Aicha , Said Mohammed El-Amin , Benyamina Abdelfettah , Toumi Fouzia , Bettayeb Zouaouia
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the central and peripheral analgesic activity of the leaves and flowers Essential Oils (EOs) of Asteriscus graveolens as well as their acute toxicity. The pharmacological tests were performed using an animal model. Acute toxicity was determined by Lorke's method. Central analgesic activity was evaluated by the hot plate test, and peripheral analgesic activity was conducted by the writhing test. The results showed that the EOs of A. graveolens from both organs are weakly toxic. For the central analgesic activity, the results revealed that leaf EO have a remarkable antinociceptive effect compared to flowers EO with a maximum latency time of the animals on the hot plate on the order of 22.5 seconds. Finally, the peripheral analgesic activity revealed a maximum inhibition of abdominal writhing of 99% for flowers EO and 96% for leaves EO. Keywords: Asteriscus graveolens, analgesic activity, toxicity.
Pharmacology, Pharmaceutics and Clinical Use of Aspirin: A Narrative Review
Authors: Alegbeleye Bamidele Johnson , Akpoveso Oke-Oghene Philomena , Mohammed Rana Kahdim , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah
Published: October 2020

Background: Aspirin is one of the most frequently used and cheapest drugs in medicine. Since its first synthesis in 1897, several medicinal roles and mechanisms of action of Aspirin have become apparent, the latest among these being its role in cancer prevention and treatment.

Objective: We present a review of Aspirin's biochemistry and pharmacology, as well as the clinical use of Aspirin. The communiqué also suggests possible strategies for maximizing the gain of Aspirin as a wonder-drug of the future.

Methods: The  literature  search  strategy  covered  printed  and  online  sources,  including  manual  library search (PubMed), Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library. For papers written in English and published in the last ten years.  A  systematic  analysis  of  available  data  was  subsequently  performed  based  on  the review questions. An  estimated  155  articles  were  found  online,  and  twenty-eight  articles  utilized  in  the  final analysis.

Discussion: Aspirin belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties. Discovery of antiplatelet effects led to the increasing use of Aspirin as an anti-thrombotic agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases from the 1980s, and firm evidence supporting its usefulness has continued to accumulate. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet function by acetylating cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of a potent platelet stimulator, thromboxane A2. The inhibition of COX-2 by Aspirin forms the basis of its anticipated role in preventing colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease and the inhibition of the progression of these diseases. It has been pointed out that the incidence of cardiovascular events tends to be high among patients who are Aspirin resistant, but the reason for this increased incidence remains unclear.

Conclusion: The emerging future interest is to accrue evidence in favor of Aspirin as the novel therapeutic drug for combating severe acute inflammation and thrombosis associated with the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Notably, a randomized clinical trial, to test a range of potential treatments for COVID-19, includes low-dose Aspirin as anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet treatment.

Keywords: Aspirin; Anti-platelet; Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug; Pharmaceutic; Pharmacodynamic; Pharmacokinetic.
A Prospective Observational Studies on Drug Utilization Evaluation and Rational Use of Corticosteroids in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Unissa Syeda Masarrath , Kareem Sana , Ahmed Sumaiya Faheem , Ul Haq Syed Imran , Quadri S Ahmedullah Hussaini
Published: October 2020

Background: Corticosteroids are widely prescribed Drugs in Hospitals, forming a part of standard treatment of modern medicine for a wide range of diseases, associated with inflammation and immune activation. Apart from beneficial effects they also produce number of adverse effects. In the present study, Prospective Observational studies on DUE (Drug utilization evaluation) and rationality of Corticosteroids has been Performed.

Objectives: To Investigate the Drug utilization evaluation, Prescription pattern and Rationality of corticosteroids in various department of tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 patients receiving corticosteroids in the various departments of Osmania general Hospital, Hyderabad. Patients prescribed corticosteroids therapy was included in the study. Exclusion of those patients with age less than 18, psychiatric disease, pregnant women and patients not willing to sign on consent form.

Result: This study included 100 Patients out of which 68 were Male and 32 were female. In Age wise distribution, 15  Patients prescribed with corticosteroid in age group 18-28 years, 20  patients in 29- 38 years, 12 in 32-48 years, 16  in 49-58 years, 22 in 59-68 years, 11  in 69-78 years and 4  in above 80 years. This data showed that commonly male populations are more prone to diseases. As per the demographic data our finding shows that Budesonide was the most frequent prescribed corticosteroid (31.75%) followed by Hydrocortisone (26.19%), Dexamethasone (15.08%), Prednisolone 13.49%, Betamethasone (7.94%), Methyl prednisolone (5.56%).

Out of 100 prescriptions total 10 ADRs and 25 Drug interactions were detected in this study. The majority of drug interactions were minor 24 followed by major 1.

Conclusion: The Prescription pattern of corticosteroids was found to be rational as there is no Major drug interaction. Commonly geriatric population was more prone to diseases, for which steroids were used. Hence close observation is required to ensure safety, effectiveness and well-balanced therapeutic management with corticosteroids, both patients and prescribers should be more aware of the appropriate dose, dosage regimen, Drug - Drug interactions, ADRs and overall guidelines for corticosteroids prescribing.

Keywords: Corticosteroids, Drug utilization evaluation, Prescription pattern.
Histo-Epidemiological Profile of Endometrial Cancer in the Oran Region
Authors: FIZAZI Anissa , BOUZOUINA Imene , BOUZIANI Assala Nesrine , BELHADJ Amina , SEDDIKI Sonia , SAHRAOUI Tewfik
Published: October 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the epidemiological, histopathological and therapeutic profile of endometrial cancers in the region of Oran.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study by exploring the medical files of 25 female patients diagnosed of endometrial cancer and treated at the level of the EHU November 1, 1954’s medical oncology department in Oran during the period from January 2015 to December 2019.

For data collection, we used a structured exploitation sheet to obtain necessary information. Variables were analyzed using SPSS Software Version 20.0.

Results: The median age of patients was 59 years with extremes ranging from 42 to 83 years. More than 56% of our patients were over 50 years old, 40% of the patients were nulliparous and 80% postmenopausal. The average age of menarche was 14.09 ± 1.44 years with extremes ranging from 12 to 17 years. The indication for anatomopathological examination was dominated by metrorrhagia (80%).

Histopathologically, endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common at 75% of cases. We also note that 62.5% were classified in stage I and 37.5% in stage II. Myometrium infiltration was observed in 66.67% of cases. The basic treatment for endometrial cancer remains surgical.

Conclusion: At the end of this work, we concluded that this pathology remains essentially that of postmenopausal women. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type. This study also revealed many risk factors for endometrial cancer, such as advanced age, hypertension and nulliparity.

Keywords: Cancer, Endometrium, Epidemiology, Anathomopathology, Risk factors
Inhibitory Effect of Xanthine Oxidase from Tamus communis Roots Extracts/Fraction
Authors: ZERARGUI Fatima , SAFFIDINE Karima , GUEMMAZ Thoraya , BAGHIANI Abderrahmane
Published: October 2020

In the course of our phytochemical studies of plant Tamus communis L., methanol soluble extract (EMeOH) (138 g) was chromatographed on a silica gel column. The column was eluted with chloroform and then with chloroform /methanol mixtures of increasing polarity. A total of 52 fractions (400 ml each) were collected and grouped according to their TLC behaviour into 6 main fractions (I-VI).  Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in these extracts were determined by a colorimetric method. Values varied between 73.143±0.009 and 29.214±0.003 equivalent Gallic acid/g lyophilisate. All the extracts showed inhibitory properties on xanthine oxidase, the IC50 ranges from 0.029±0.017 mg/ml to 0.237±0.026 mg/ml. The extracts exhibited an additional superoxide scavenging capacity by using both enzymatic methods and IC50 values ​​range from 0.039±0.023 mg/ml to 0.141±0.086 mg/ml. These results show that Tamus communis L. extracts have strong anti-oxidant effects and may have some clinical benefits.

Keywords: Xanthine oxidase, Antioxidant, Superoxide scavenger, Tamus communis L.
In-vivo Evaluation and Characterization of Novel In-Situ Gelling System as Controlled Delivery System Containing Ciprofloxacin for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Eram Fatima , Vivek ,
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to develop the micro emulsion-based in situ gelling systems containing Ciprofloxacin for prophylaxis and treatment of the posterior segment diseases like endophthalmitis.

Methods: Ciprofloxacin was encapsulated in small droplets owing to form microemulsion, and then the formed droplets were dispersed in a polymer solution that converted into a gel upon triggered by the electrolyte present in the tear fluid.

Results: The formulation approach provides better absorption, penetration, retention, and improves the bioavailability of the drug. The average concentration reached into vitreous humor from topical microemulsion in situ gelling formulation was ~0.4 µg/ml, which is far more than the concentration required for therapeutic effect (i.e.  >0.047 µg/ml or >MIC90 for S. Epidermidis, a pathogen commonly responsible to cause endophthalmitis).

Conclusion: Thus, novel micro emulsion-based in situ gelling formulation could be a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of posterior segment diseases like endophthalmitis.

Keywords: Microemulsion, ciprofloxacin, endophthalmitis, ocular, infection, in situ
Sperm Profile of Infertile Men in the Western Region of Algeria: About 320 Cases
Authors: FIZAZI Anissa , BENDAHMANE Malika , SAHRAOUI Tewfik
Published: October 2020

Objective : The aim of this study is to describe the sperm profile and eventually determine the main spermatic disturbances at the origin of male infertility in western Algeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 320 infertile male patients consulting at the Medically Assisted Procreation Unit (MAP) of Oran, in Western Algeria, in the end of exploring the results of their semen analyses and semen culture. Results: The results of semen analysis revealed that the main spermatic disruption in our study was asthenospermia because at the first hour after emission, 93% of our patients had less mobility than normal. Oligospermia was present in 37% of cases and azoospermia in 14% of cases. That is, a concentration of sperm below normal in 51% of cases. Results of the analysis of the sperm’s morphological characteristics revealed that only 16% of our patients had teratospermia. The semen culture revealed that the main pathogen found in our patients is Staphylococci in nearly 70% of cases. Conclusion: Our study revealed alterations in both quantitative and qualitative semen of patients. This was mainly asthenospermia in 93% of cases followed by oligospermia. Keywords: Male infertility, Semen analysis, Semen culture, Western Algeria.
Co-Trimoxazole Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction: A Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Sreehari M , Sana M M , Tom Cyril
Published: October 2020

Introduction; Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome is a life-threatening reaction with a mortality rate of 10-20%. Usual reaction period is 2 to 6 week after the first intake of drug. The present case is an example of late presentation of the symptoms which made the diagnosis difficult.

Clinical case: We describe a case of 51 year old male with known history of Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Tuberculosis (TB) presented with complaints of fever, generalised scaling, oedema, eosinophilia and elevated liver enzymes. The symptoms started 45 days back but was then misdiagnosed and treated as exfoliative dermatitis from a local hospital. The symptoms aggravated since 5 days and were admitted in our hospital. Drug reaction was least suspected as he has been taking the Antiretroviral (ART) and Anti-tubercular (ATT) drugs since 3 to 4 months. But later on culprit drug was identified to be Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and was soon discontinued. Significant improvement was seen with steroid, antihistamines and other topical agents.

Discussion: Timely recognition of DRESS Syndrome, prompt discontinuation of culprit drug and symptomatic management are imperative in a better prognosis. It must also be noted that the latency period can be as long as 105 days after the first intake of the drug, rather than the usual presentation period of 2-6 week.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl. Leaves Extracts
Authors: Akhter Sharmin , Shahadat Sarrin , Homa Zilly , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Chowdhury M Mohi Uddin , Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: October 2020

Medicinal plants can serve as a prominent source of bioactive secondary metabolites which can exert beneficial effects to combat against many human diseases. Lannea grandis (Dennst.) Engl, a member of Anacardiaceae family has several applications in the ethnomedical practices. In this study, the ethanol extract of L. grandis leaf (ELG) along with its petroleum-ether and chloroform fractions were subjected to phytochemical analysis along with the evaluation of antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, and sedative activities using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening was performed according to common phytochemical tests. Antimicrobial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method where the ethanol extract of L. grandis showed significant activity against tested bacterial species (zone of inhibitions = 10.8±0.85 to 13.8±1.84 mm). The same extract also exhibited the highest antifungal activity against Blastomyces dermatitidis (zone of inhibition = 20.5±0.35 mm). The chloroform fraction of L. grandis at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight produced a significant (p<0.05) anti-diarrheal effect with 40.69% inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. During sedative activity assay in mice, the plant extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight produced mild reduction in the time of onset of sleep and increased the length of the sleeping time induced by a sedative, phenobarbitone. In conclusion, the plant L. grandis can be considered as a base for the development of new drugs and phytomedicine.

Keywords: Lannea grandis, phytochemical, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheal, sedative activity.
Prescribing Pattern of Drugs Used in Chronic Liver Disease with Co Morbid Conditions and Assessment of Severity using MELD Score: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Huma Samreen , Fatima Omer Nishat , Ayesha Ishrath , Moiz Jamal Mohammed , Mohiuddin Shareef Mohammed
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To study the prescribing pattern of drugs & its use in the treatment of CLD & assess the pattern of co-morbidities associated with CLD. To Study the mortality rate of the patient using MELD score at a department of general medicine at Osmania general Hospital to produce a result which would aid better rational drug use and improve quality of life.

Methodology: A Prospective, observational study was carried out at OGH for a period of 6 months in 100 old patients. Population of either sex or ≥ 18 years of age were included.

Conclusion: There is a considerable scope for improving prescribing pattern in CLD by minimizing the use, reduction of doses of drugs to reduce the consequence of hepatotoxicity and Antibiotic Resistance. The prognostic impact of individual comorbidities, on the other hand, may point to areas where cirrhosis and comorbid diseases interact. Studies of individual comorbidities may therefore improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis. MELD showed that the subjects were less likely to get a Liver transplant.

Keywords: Chronic liver disease (CLD), Model for end stage liver disease (MELD), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN)
Therapeutic Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (Fortibile® tablet) on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)-induced Hepatic Dysfunction in Experimental Animals
Authors: Darbar Soumendra , Saha Srimoyee , Chattopadhyay Shyamaprasad
Published: October 2020

Background: Hepatotoxicity is one of the common side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Scientific study stated that hepatotoxicity is the most serious adverse effects of Aceclofenac.

Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the use of Fortibile® tablet containing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in prevention of the hepatotoxic effect and biochemical changes induced by aceclofenac (ACE) in laboratory mice.

Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups (control, UDCA (Fortibile® tablet) 20 mg/kg, aceclofenac (ACE) 50mg/kg, UDCA 20 mg/kg + aceclofenac 50 mg/kg).

Results: Administration of aceclofenac (ACE) showed decline body weight, food consumption, water intake and elevated liver weight in mice whereas treatment with UDCA (Fortibile® tablet) normalized the same as compared with untreated animals. Animals treated with aceclofenac caused elevated activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as total and direct bilirubin level. These elevations in liver enzymes were decreased by combination of aceclofenac with UDCA. On the other hand application of aceclofenac (ACE) on mice caused a significant increase in serum and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) content but significant decrease in glutathione GSH and GPx content. Combine thepary of UDCA and aceclofenac resulted in a significant decrease in MDA, NO content and significantly elevated GSH and GPx content.

Conclusion: It could be concluded that Fortibile® tablet containing Ursodeoxycholic acid acts as an effective hepatoprotective agent against NSAIDs induced liver dysfunction, and this effect might be related to its antioxidant properties. Hepatic functions should be monitored, and the dose should be adjusted during aceclofenac (ACE) therapy.

Keywords: Ursodeoxycholic acid, Aceclofenac, Hepatotoxicity, Liver function test, Oxidative stress,
Solid Lipid Nanoparticle for the Delivery of Docetaxel: A Review
Authors: Agrawal Pranav , Tatode Amol , Umekar Milind
Published: October 2020

Solid lipid nanoparticles are the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medicine and research.  Due to its solid state it has greater stability than other nanocarrier systems. There are several other advantages like sustained release, improves bioavaibility and delivery of poorly water soluble drugs, helps in control of several pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs due to which use of SLN is increasing day by day. Various techniques can be used for the formulation of SLN i.e. solvent evaporation, microemulsification technique, high pressure homogenization and supercritical fluid method. It has several applications likes it is use in gene transfer therapy, also use in different drug delivery systmer like oral and pulmonary drug delivery system. Due to several advantages SLNs are widely used in chemotherapy for the treatment of the cancer. The use of SLN for the delivery of Docetaxel to tumor site have several benefits likes site specific delivery, less toxic effect, more cell cytotoxicity and more bioavaibility which leads to decrease in the dosing frequency.  Docetaxel is an anticancer agent extracted from plant Taxus Baccata which is widely used in chemotherapy to treat cancer. This article contains the detail information of about the advantages, disadvantages, different method of preparation and several SLN loaded with Docetaxel.

Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles, drug delivery, clinical medicine, poorly water soluble drugs
An Updated Review on Nanoparticle Based Approach for Nanogel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chouhan Chandrika , Rajput Rudra Pratap Singh , Sahu Rishabh , Verma Poonam , Sahu Suman
Published: October 2020

Nanocomposite hydrogels or nanogels (a nanoparticles composed of a hydrogel) are nanomaterial filled, swollen nanosized networks of deliquescent or amphiphilic compound chains. It may be developed by drug - polymer interactions and to create 3D advanced networks. Nanogel may be ready by many strategies just like the particle gelation, Inverse mini emulsion, Dispersion, Chemical cross linking, fabrication of biopolymers and so on. It can be characterized by SEM, DSC, FTIR, Drug content, Particle size, Zeta potential and drug efficiency.  Further, it can be evaluated by in vitro drug release and in vivo study in suitable animal modeling. In this review article, we have focused on basic methodology of nanogels, evaluation terms, their application in industry with future prospects for the researchers.

Keywords: Nanogel; methods of nanogel preparation; evaluation parameters and their applications.
The Pharmacogenetics of Cytochrome P-450 and its Effect on Drug Metabolism
Authors: BEREWELA DIA AHAK M
Published: October 2020

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP-450) enzyme plays an essential role in the oxidation of most drugs, and thus it can affect the toxicity and efficacy of many medications. Factors that influence the function and presence of cytochrome have a key impact on the outcomes of therapy. More specifically, characteristics of cytochrome pharmacogenetics and procedures of cytochrome enzymes induction and inhibition can greatly influence the rate of drug biotransformation and the rate of elimination. So, an understanding of genetic variants which are associated with drug responses and illnesses could improve and enhance the outcome of treatment. Clinical data in genetic tests may be useful in order to develop methods for assessing genetic risks. Positively, genetic tests for monogenic sicknesses have already proven to be a useful test and any changes may trigger a new field of personalized drug. This review will look at the influence of pharmacogenetics in drug metabolism and the importance of using personal genetic data in achieving optimal therapy and in preventing any possible adverse effects.

Keywords: Pharmacogenetics, Biotransformation, CYP-450
Exploring Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Rao Monica RP , Sonawane Ashwini , Sapate Sharwari , Abhang Kshitija
Published: October 2020

Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field, encompassing the development of materials in a size range of 5-200 nanometers (nm). The applications of nanotechnology to drug delivery opened the floodgates to create novel therapeutics and diagnostics which have changed the landscape of pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Advances in nanotechnology are being utilized in medicine for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment of various diseases and disorders. The biodegradable nanoparticle/nanocarriers, in which drug is dissolved and entrapped are specially designed to absorb the drug and to protect it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. The important role to design these nanostructures as a delivery system is to release pharmacologically active molecules for site-specific action with an accurate dose. In recent times, several biodegradable polymeric nanostructures have been developed with an innate capacity to target specific organs/tissue to deliver the drug. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems use polymers or lipids as carriers for drugs. Newer polymers engineered to achieve temporal and spatial drug delivery form the mainstay of these systems. In nanotechnology, being tiny molecules of immunotherapeutic have many advantages over biological drugs regarding complexity, tissue penetration, manufacturing cost, stability and shelf life, which is one of dominating therapy in the current research field. The present review gives details about the recent developments of nanostructure drug delivery systems and their applications. 

Keywords: liposomes, polymeric micelles, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, aptamers, quantum dots.
Scientific Baseline Information for the Potential Use of Hibiscus surattensis L against Malaria: Phytochemistry and Biological Studies
Authors: TIKO Gerard Hodevé , MEDJIGBODO Adandé , ADAMOU Rafiou , AMOUSSA Abdou Madjid Olatoundé , DJOGBENOU Luc Salako , LAGNIKA Latifou
Published: October 2020

Background and aim: Hibiscus surattensis L. is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in Benin to treat malaria. This study was designed to investigate antiplasmodial activity, hemolytic power, acute toxicity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of H. surattensis.

Methodology: Bioassay-guided isolation approach was adopted and extracts and fractions collected were continuously tested in vitro against Chloroquine-sensitive and field isolate strains of Plasmodium falciparum by immune-dosage of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. Hemolytic effect and acute toxicity of extracts were evaluated respectively on human erythrocytes and according to OECD guideline N°423. 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxyde radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity.

Results and conclusion:  The best antiplasmodial activity was obtained with ethanolic extract of H. surattensis L. against field isolate (IC50 = 5.03±0.31 µg/mL) and Chloroquine -sensitive (IC50 = 7.55±0.59 µg/mL) whereas aqueous extract exhibited moderate activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract shows progressive decrease of the antiplasmodial activity. Both extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, hemolytic power less than 1%. No mortality of rats was recorded with ethanolic extract at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and triterpenes are present in both extracts with tannins in the ethanolic extract. In summary, the extracts of H. surattensis have interesting antiplasmodial and antioxidant properties probably resulting from a synergetic action of their secondary metabolites, without toxicity effect on rats and human erythrocytes. These findings strengthen the traditional use of H. surattensis as antimalarial plants.

Keywords: Hibiscus surattensis; antiplasmodial; antioxidant; toxicity; phytoconstituents.
Isolation and Screening of Fungal Culture Isolated From Algerian Soil for the Production of Cellulase and Xylanase
Authors: GAHFIF Ouahiba , SOUAGUI Yasmina , AZZOUZ Zahra , NOUARI Sadrati , Zahir AMGHAR Zahir AMGHAR , BOUCHERBA Nawel , KECHA Mouloud , BENALLAOUA Said , Bettache Azzeddine
Published: October 2020

Lignocellulolytic enzymes constitute a very large group of extracellular proteins secreting by fungi who is ecologically involved in the degradation of a variety of complex materials, a property that is attributed to a battery of enzymes produced by these microorganisms like cellulases and xylanases who are of significant industrial value and relevance. Forty fungal isolated from rich soil in organic matter were screened for lignocellulolytic enzymes production, its organized on the basis of their hydrolytic potential of cellulose and xylan. The isolates strains presented enzymatic activity which was ranked as follows: cellulolytic (56%), xylanolytic (44%). Some selected strains that produce high levels of enzymes (cellulase, xylanase) grown in submerged fermentation (SmF) and were quantitatively evaluated. The fermentation experiments were carried out in shake flasks. The highest CMCase (5,10 IU/ml) and xylanase (98,25 IU/ml) activities were obtained from Trichoderma sp strain Mtr6 isolate.

Keywords: Fungi, Trichoderma sp, lignocellulolytic enzymes, soil, screening, organic matter.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticle by Nano-Precipitation Method
Authors: Umbarkar Mahesh G , Rindhe Pooja Sudhakar , Chandrawanshi Shivkanya Sanjay , Chavan Manoj J. , Manaskar Vijay
Published: October 2020

Acyclovir is also known as Acyclovir, this drug is used for treatment of viral infection, particularly for treatment of herpes simplex viral infection. These are taken for month during treatment of herpes simplex viral infection. These are showing the action against all herps virus family. The acyclovir is poorly water-soluble drug. Due to that main aim is to increase the solubility of acyclovir in other solvent. The bioavailability of acyclovir is very less about (15-35%) because it has less oral route absorption. Due to that the acyclovir are given in intravenous route. When acyclovir is taken in oral route, the peak plasma concentration occurs after 1-2 h. The acyclovir having 9-33% of plasma protein binding. The BCS class of acyclovir are Class third (high solubility and Low permeability). Due to that acyclovir are formulate in the form of nanoparticle. Chitosan are the polymers which are used for the formulation of nanoparticle. The chitosan is found to be compatible with acyclovir. Formulation of acyclovir nanoparticle was done by Nano-precipitation method. Many evaluation tests performed during the formulation of Acyclovir nanoparticle mainly zeta sizer is use for the determination of particle size, zeta potential and PDI (poly disperse index) also performed evaluation of loading efficiency and % Drug entrapment.

Keywords:  Acyclovir, Chitosan, Zeta sizer and Nanoparticle.
Evaluation of Anti-Anaphylactic Activity of methanolic extract of Momordica charantia in Experimental Animals
Authors: Deshpande Shubhangi Dhananjay , Kolhe Swati , Tembhurne Sachin
Published: October 2020

Anaphylaxis is a syndrome that can be fatal, which is seen due to systemic release of inflammatory mediators. Antigen and Antibody reaction is usually a trigger in the body to go into anaphylactic shock. In this study, anaphylaxis induced by egg albumin in the rats. The efficiency of MC (Momordica charantia) against anaphylaxis was evaluated. The standard drug used was Dexamethasone. The MC extract is given in doses 100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.

Results: The MC extract was found to be effective (p<0.01) inhibitor of egg albumin induced anaphylactic reaction.

Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that Momordica charantia fruits have good anti-anaphylactic activity.

Keywords: Anaphylaxis, Momordica charantia, Egg albumin, Passive paw anaphylaxis, Dexamethasone.
A Crowdsourcing Based Framework for Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Zohra Ennaji Fatima , El Fazziki Abdelaziz , El Abdallaoui Hasna El Alaoui , El Kabtane Hamada
Published: October 2020

As social networking has spread, people started sharing their personal opinions and thoughts widely via these online platforms. The resulting vast valuable data represent a rich source for companies to deduct their products’ reputation from both social media and crowds’ judgments. To exploit this wealth of data, a framework was proposed to collect opinions and rating scores respectively from social media and crowdsourcing platform to perform sentiment analysis, provide insights about a product and give consumers’ tendencies. During the analysis process, a consumer category (strict) is excluded from the process of reaching a majority consensus. To overcome this, a fuzzy clustering is used to compute consumers’ credibility. The key novelty of our approach is the new layer of validity check using a crowdsourcing component that ensures that the results obtained from social media are supported by opinions extracted directly from real-life consumers. Finally, experiments are carried out to validate this model (Twitter and Facebook were used as data sources). The obtained results show that this approach is more efficient and accurate than existing solutions thanks to our two-layer validity check design.
Las bibliotecas de judíos y judaizantes de Medinaceli a la luz de la inquisición: una aproximación
Authors: Navarro Manuel Nevot
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la transmisión de los textos empleados por judíos y judaizantes en Medinaceli (Soria) hacia 1492. Con este fin, se ha recurrido al estudio de unos 30 procesos inquisitoriales incoados a vecinos de esta villa soriana acusados de ser judaizantes, cuyas causas se juzgan entre 1492 y 1530. Tras un breve recorrido por el marco geográfico e histórico de la localidad, así como la importancia de su comunidad judía, se da a conocer el material literario mencionado en los pleitos en manos de judíos y judaizantes, un mundo escrito en caracteres hebreos que desapareció súbitamente.