bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLANTIO DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS PARA RESTAURAÇÃO DE ÁREAS EM UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Marcuzzo Suzane Bevilacqua , Araújo Maristela Machado , Gasparin Ezequiel
Published: April 2015

Este estudo buscou identificar espécies nativas potenciais para restauração de áreas degradadas em diferentes métodos de preparo de solo. O experimento foi implantado no Parque Estadual Quarta Colônia, RS, em blocos casualizados. No plantio, foi utilizado o modelo que considera espécies de preenchimento, juntamente com espécies de diversidade. Tratamentos: T1 - cova + plantio de espécies arbóreas (grupo de preenchimento - GP e de diversidade - GD); T2 - cova + plantio de espécies arbóreas + leguminosa (Vicia sativa); T3 - subsolagem + plantio de espécies arbóreas; e T4 - subsolagem + plantio de espécies arbóreas + leguminosa. As variáveis observadas, diâmetro do coleto, altura e mortalidade, foram submetidas a análise de variância. Para as 13 espécies arbóreas, as mesmas variáveis, além do diâmetro de copa, foram submetidas ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Constatou-se que o uso de subsolagem foi o melhor método, indiferentemente ao uso de leguminosa. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Schinus terebinthifolius e Inga vera são indicadas para compor o grupo de preenchimento, enquanto que as espécies utilizadas para formar o grupo de diversidade devem ser introduzidas após a cobertura parcial do dossel, considerando necessitarem de ambiente mais favorável.Palavras-chave: Áreas protegidas; espécies arbóreas; grupos sucessionais; preparo de solo. AbstractPlanting species to restore protected areas: a case study in Southern Brazil. This research aims to identify potential native species for restoration of degraded areas regarding different soil preparation techniques. The experiment was developed in the Quarta Colônia State Park, RS, in randomized blocks. In planting, it was applied the model that considers fast growth and diversity species groups. The treatments: T1- hole + planting of tree species (fill group - GP and of diversity group - GD); T2 – hole + tree species planting + legume (Vicia sativa); T3- subsoiling + tree species planting; and T4 - subsoiling + tree species planting + legume. Observed variables, which include collect diameter, height and mortality, were submitted to analysis of variance. In relation to the 13 tree species, we submitted the same variables, plus crown diameter to the Kruskal -Wallis test. As result, subsoiling was the best method, indifferent to the use of legume. Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Schinus terebinthifolius and Inga vera are indicated to compose the fill group, while the species of the diversity group should be introduced after partial canopy coverage, considering they need more propitious environmental conditions.Keywords: Protected area; successional groups; soil preparation.
EFEITO DA PLANTA MATRIZ, ESTAÇÃO DO ANO E AMBIENTE DE CULTIVO NA MINIESTAQUIA DE Pinus radiata
Authors: Corrêa Paula Rachel Rabelo , Schultz Bruno , Auer Celso Garcia , Higa Antonio Rioyei
Published: April 2015

A estaquia de genótipos superiores de Pinus radiata é uma prática comum na silvicultura. Para sua utilização no Brasil, protocolos de propagação precisam ser estabelecidos. Este trabalho avaliou a miniestaquia aplicada à produção de mudas da espécie, estudando a posição de coleta de broto na planta matriz, a estação do ano e o minijardim. Plantas matrizes seminais, com 1 m de altura e 1,5 anos de idade, foram utilizadas para a produção de miniestacas. Três ensaios consecutivos foram feitos: (i) o enraizamento das miniestacas coletadas de três posições nas matrizes (topo, intermediário e basal), (ii) a influência do minijardim (vaso, canaletão e campo) no desenvolvimento de minicepas e (iii) o efeito da estação do ano (inverno, primavera e verão) sobre o desenvolvimento de miniestacas coletadas de minicepas no canaletão, no vaso e em campo. As miniestacas coletadas da região intermediária das matrizes, com 1,5 anos de idade, apresentaram maior enraizamento do que as coletadas no topo e na região basal. As melhores estações para o desenvolvimento dos brotos foram inverno e primavera, em ambientes de vaso e campo. O verão promoveu melhor desenvolvimento das miniestacas em casa de vegetação, a partir de matrizes cultivadas em canaletão.Palavras-chave: Clonagem; conífera; produção de muda; propagação vegetativa. AbstractEffect of matrix plant, season and minigarden on Pinus radiata minicutting. Cutting of superior genotypes of Pinus radiata is current in forestry. For such practice in Brazil, protocols of propagation need to be established. We evaluated the mini-cutting applied to seedling production, focusing the collection point in matrix plant, season, and minigarden. We used seminal matrix 1 m height and 1.5 years old for mini-cutting production. Three consecutive trials were made: (i) the rooting of mini-cuttings collected from three points in the matrix (top, intermediate and basal), (ii) the influence of minigarden (pot, gutters and field) in development of rooted, and (iii) the effect of season (winter, spring and summer) on the development of rooted cuttings collected in pot, gutters and field. The mini-cuttings collected from the intermediate region of the 1.5 years old seedlings matrices had higher rooting than those collected from the top and basal region. The best time for the development of buds was winter and spring in pots as well as field environments. Summer promoted the best development of mini-cuttings, in greenhouse, from matrix plant grown in gutters.Keywords: Cloning; conifer; seedling production, vegetative propagation.
MODELAGEM DO CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO EM CLASSES DE PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIOMÉTRICA PARA Eucalyptus sp.
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo Otávio Veiga , Dias Andrea Nogueira , Filho Afonso Figueiredo , Soares Izabele Domingues , Cruz Jovane Pereira
Published: April 2015

Uma das etapas fundamentais na modelagem do crescimento e produção é a identificação dos sítios, geralmente determinados pela relação entre altura dominante e idade. Porém há situações em que se torna interessante o uso de outras variáveis, como a precipitação pluviométrica, devido à grande correlação com a produtividade do povoamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da estratificação por classes de precipitação pluviométrica no crescimento e produção volumétrica de Eucalyptus sp. Os dados provêm de plantios de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, do estado da Bahia, distribuídos em sete classes de precipitação, consideradas como estratos conforme o teste de Dette e Neumeyer (2001). Foram determinados os índices de sítio a cada classe de precipitação, sendo utilizada a área basal inicial média em cada um desses sítios. O modelo de Clutter foi empregado para a modelagem e as estimativas de produção foram comparadas pelo teste F de Graybill. A precipitação média influenciou no crescimento em altura dominante. A modelagem realizada por classe de precipitação gerou resultados similares àqueles obtidos pela modelagem sem estratificação, porém com maior precisão, sendo considerada adequada para estimar a produção para povoamentos clonais de eucalipto.Palavras-chave: Eucalipto; ANCOVA não paramétrica; modelo de Clutter. AbstractModeling of growth and yield by pluviometric precipitation classes for Eucalyptus sp. One of the key steps in modeling of growth and yield is the identification of different sites, which are generally determined by the relation of dominant height and age. However, there are situations in which it becomes interesting to use other variables, such as pluviometric precipitation, due to the high correlation with the productivity of the stand. This research aims to investigate influence of stratification by classes of precipitation in volumetric growth and yield of Eucalyptus sp. We collected data in hybrid stands of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake, from the state of Bahia, Brazil; such stands were distributed in seven classes of precipitation, each considered a site accordingly to Dette and Neumeyer (2001) test. We determined the site index for each class of precipitation, using the initial average basal area in each site. The Clutter model was used for modeling, and production estimates compared by Graybill F test. The average precipitation influenced the dominant height growth. The modeling performed by precipitation classes generated similar results to those obtained by modeling without stratification, but more accurately; we can consider it appropriate to estimate production to clonal eucalyptus stands.Keywords: Eucalypt; nonparametric ANCOVA; Clutter model.
ESTRUTURA ESPACIAL DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS RELACIONADAS AO SETOR ALIMENTÍCIO
Authors: Koubay do Amaral Mauricio , Péllico Netto Sylvio , Lingnau Christel , Alex Pesk Vagner , Pereira Martins Neto Rorai
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho trata da estrutura espacial e da modelagem da distribuição diamétrica de três espécies com potencial comercial para produtos não madeireiros. Os dados foram coletados em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, localizado no segundo planalto paranaense, entre os municípios de Fernandes Pinheiro e Teixeira Soares, a 5 km de Irati, PR. A pesquisa apresenta o padrão de dispersão espacial das espécies e o ajuste das distribuições de diâmetro, utilizando as funções densidade de probabilidade Beta, Gama e Weibull-3P. As discussões mostraram que as espécies têm a mesma classificação de dispersão agregada, mas com grande diferença na amplitude dos resultados, motivo pelo qual foi necessário elaborar um layout das espécies, para que elas pudessem ser mais bem compreendidas em seus arranjos espaciais, o que permite visualizar a forma mais apropriada de acesso a esses indivíduos. A FDP Weibull-3P foi a que melhor se ajustou aos dados das distribuições diamétricas. A relação entre a disposição espacial dos indivíduos e as curvas estimadas pelas distribuições diamétricas permitem substanciar melhor a elaboração do planejamento estratégico para o manejo florestal da área, em que espécies fornecedoras de produtos não madeireiros se destacam como opção complementar à utilização de madeira para fins comerciais.Palavras-chave: Índice de Morisita; produtos não madeiráveis; distribuição diamétrica. AbstractSpatial structure and modeling diametric distributions of three tree species related to food sector. This paper deals with the spatial structure and modeling the diameter distribution of three species with potential inclusion of commercial non-timber products. Data from Araucaria Forest were collected in a fragment located on the second plateau of Parana between the municipalities of Fernandes Pinheiro and Teixeira Soares, 5 km from Irati, PR. The research presents the dispersion pattern of the species and adjustment of diameter distributions Beta, Gama and Weibull-3P. The discussions revealed that the species have the same classification of aggregate dispersion, but great difference in the amplitude of results, so it was necessary drawing a layout of the species, in order to better comprehension of their spatial arrangements, it allows us to visualize the better way of access to these individuals. The fdp Weibull-3P is the distribution that fits better to the data of diameter distributions. The relationship between the spatial distribution of individuals and the curves estimated by the diameter distributions allow substantiating the strategic planning for the forest management area, where suppliers of non-timber products stand out as complementary option to the use of timber for commercial purposes.Keywords: Morisita index; non-timber products; diameter distributions.
ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE QUALITY IN THE QUEIMA-PÉ RIVER BASIN, MATO GROSSO
Authors: Gouveia Rogerio Gonçalves Lacerda de , Galvanin Edinéia Aparecida dos Santos , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Kreitlow Jesã Pereira , Santos Anthero Luiz dos
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn thist study, land use and landscape quality were analyzed  in the Queima-Pé river basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Land use and landscape quality were identified based on 3 m of spatial resolution images from GeoEye. For land use,  manual segmentation and visual interpretation methods were used. Twelve map classes were identified and semi-perennial crops, temporary crops, pasture and native vegetation were the most significant ones. In terms of land use, the basin area contained 55.83% pasture, 26.06% crops, and 7.49% natural vegetation. Landscape analysis revealed that the study area contained 0.79% lower class, 87.80% medium-class, and 11.40% upper-class quality landscape. Through this analysis was determined predominance of the visual quality characterized as medium class, in the basin area.Keywords: Geotechnology; land use; environment. ResumoAnálise da qualidade da paisagem na bacia do rio Queima-Pé, Mato Grosso. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o uso da terra e a qualidade da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Queima-Pé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram utilizadas imagens de 3 m de resolução espacial do satélite GeoEye para elaboração do mapa de uso da terra e de qualidade da paisagem. Para a elaboração do mapa de uso da terra foi utilizada a segmentação manual e interpretação visual. Foram mapeadas doze classes temáticas, sendo as mais expressivas a lavoura semiperene, lavoura temporária, pastagem e vegetação natural. A pastagem está presente em 55,83% da área, as lavouras em 26,06% e a vegetação natural em 7,49% da área da bacia. A análise da paisagem permitiu verificar que a classe baixa qualidade da paisagem está presente em 0,79% da área da bacia, a classe média em 87,80% e a classe alta em 11,40% da área de estudo. Através desta análise verificou-se a predominância da qualidade visual caracterizada como média na bacia.Palavras-chave: Geotecnologias; uso da terra; meio ambiente.
ASPECTOS CONSTITUTIVOS DA TEORIA DA ARGUMENTAÇÃO JURÍDICA: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE ROBERT ALEXY
Authors: Leal Rogério Gesta
Published: April 2015

O presente artigo estuda os aspectos constitutivos da teoria da argumentação jurídica, utilizando como principal objeto de análise o pensamento de Robert Alexy. Entre as relevantes dimensões da teoria da argumentação de Alexy, o estudo examina a teoria do balanceamento das normas jurídicas, as objeções a ela apresentadas e as respostas dadas pelo autor às críticas a ele dirigidas.
Effect of climatic change and afforestation on water yield in the Rocky Mountain Area of North China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Ming Xiao , Cao Hong Wen , Yu Xiao Xin , Liu Bing , Zhu Sheng Bi , Cheng Chen , Yin Lin Xiao , Xie Gang
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: We studied effects of climatic variability and afforestation on water yield to make a quantitative assessment of the hydrological effects of afforestation on basin water yield in the Rocky Mountain Area of North China.Area of study: Seven typical forest sub-watersheds in Chaobai River watershed, located near Beijing's Miyun Reservoir, were selected as our study object. Material and methods: Annual water yield model and Separate evaluation method were applied to quantify the respective contributions of changes in climate and different vegetation types on variations in runoff. Main results: Statistical analysis indicated precipitation did not vary significantly whereas the annual runoff decreased significantly in the past decades. Although forest increased significantly in the late 20th century, climatic variations have the strongest contribution to the reductions in runoff, with the average contribution reaching 63.24%, while the remainder caused by human activities. Afforestation has a more positive impact on the reduction in runoff, with a contribution of 65.5%, which was more than the grassland of 17.6% and the farmland of 16.9%. Research highlights: Compared to the impact of climatic change, we believe the large-scale afforestation may not be the main reason for the reductions in basin water yield.Keywords: Annual water yield model; Separate evaluation method; North China.Abbreviations: AWY-Annual water yield model; AET-actual evapotranspiration; Y-annual water yield; P-precipitation; R-runoff; T-temperature.
Contrasting secondary growth and water use efficiency patterns in native and exotic trees co-occurring in inner Spain riparian forests
Authors: González Muñoz Noelia , Linares Juan Carlos , Castro-Díez Pilar , Sass-Klaassen Ute
Published: April 2015

Aim of study: The invasive trees Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia are widely spreading in inner Spain riparian forests, where they co-occur with the natives Fraxinus angustifolia and Ulmus minor. In a climate change context, we aimed to identify some of the species traits that are leading these species to success (Basal Area Increment (BAI) and water-use efficiency (iWUE)).  We also aimed to describe the main environmental variables controlling studied species BAI. Area of study: Riparian forests of centralSpain.Material and Methods: We measured tree-ring width and converted it to basal area increment (BAI); intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was estimated from tree ring carbon isotopes (δ13C). We compared the BAI and iWUE of the last 20 years between origins (native vs exotic) and among species. For each species, we evaluated iWUE and BAI relationships. Linear mixed-effect models were performed to identify the main environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, river flow) affecting BAI.Main result: Native trees showed higher mean BAI than invaders, mainly due to the rising growth rate of U. minor. Invaders showed higher mean iWUE than natives. We did not find significant correlations between iWUE and BAI in any case. Warm temperatures in autumn positively affected the BAI of the natives, but negatively that of the invaders.Research highlights: The contrasting effect of autumn temperatures on native and invasive species BAI suggests that invaders will be more hampered by the rising temperatures predicted for this century. The higher iWUE found for the invaders did not translate into increased radial growth, suggesting that drought stress may have prevented them of taking advantage of increased atmospheric CO2 for a faster growth. These findings point out that neither climate change nor rising CO2 seem to enhance the success of study invasive species over the natives in riparian forests of central Spain. Furthermore, the low BAI of R. pseudoacacia, and its climate-growth model suggest that climate change may especially hamper the success of this invader.Key words: Invasive plants; Mediterranean ecosystems; Ulmus minor; Fraxinus angustifolia; Ailanthus altissima; Robinia pseudoacacia; basal area increment.
Influence of AIDET in the improving quality metrics in a small community hospital - before and after analysis
Authors: Zamora Raul , Patel Mitun , Doherty Bryan , Alperstein Adam , Devito Peter
Published: April 2015

Background: As the US healthcare system is becoming a more outcomes based system, increasing emphasis is being paidto improving all aspects of health care delivery. Interpersonal and communication skills, an ACGME (Accreditation Councilfor Graduate Medical Education) core competency in resident education, play a fundamental role in this effort. This aspectof healthcare delivery is also part of Medicare hospital reviews. In our hospital, the administration has introduced AIDET (Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, and Thank you) as a communication strategy which promises to improveexchange of information between healthcare professionals as well as with patients and their families. Objective: Determine if theAIDET strategy used in our facility has improved patient satisfaction.Methods: This study was done using pretest post test experimental design. Patient satisfaction was measured using scores fromthe HCAHPS (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) quarterly reports from the 3rd quarter of2010 to the 2nd quarter of 2013. Pre and post AIDET implementation results were statistically analysed using a paired t-test.Results are reported as a p-value with < .05 being statistically significant.Results: There were a total of 1,811 patient responses sampled from the 3rd quarter of 2010 to the 2nd quarter of 2013. Asignificant change < .05 was seen in the way Nurses Explain, Doctors Explain and Nurses listen in the pre and post AIDETimplementation comparison. The change in percentage of patients that believed doctors and nurses explained things to them in away they could understand showed a p-value of .02. The trend in percentage of patients that perceived that nurses always listenedcarefully to them showed a p-value of .02 as well. On the other hand, the data evaluating how doctors listened carefully to themdid not reach statistical significance with a p-value of .08. The remaining categories of “Told About Medication” and “Help afterDischarge” were both found not have changed significantly either.Conclusions: The implementation of AIDET education may have had a significant impact on provider-patient communication inour facility, especially in the patient’s perception of explaining things in a way they could understand. On the other hand, in theresponses to the question of whether or not doctors listened carefully to them, there was some improvement over time, howeverthis did not achieve statistical significance.
STUDIUM SPODNOBADENSKÝCH BAZÁLNÍCH KLASTIK V OBLASTI PODZEMNÍHO ZÁSOBNÍKU PLYNU LOBODICE
Authors: Blaško David , Nehyba Slavomír , Bartakovics Anita
Published: April 2015

The depositional environment and the provenance of the Lower Badenian basal clastics in the area of Lobodice subsurface gas storage were described during the studies of these sediments.Drill cores of Lobodice wells were studied in the total length of 110 m for the purpose of depositional environment evaluation. The textures and structures were described on these cores and on this basis three lithofacies were recognized. The lithofacies A is represented by grey matrix supported, granule conglomerate, very poorly sorted. This lithofaces has been interpreted as the product of deposition of a coarse grained delta. The lithofacies B is formed by fine and medium sandstone with ripple cross lamination, very well sorted sandstone. This facies was interpreted as the result of a relatively low energy of traction current, probably deposited in marine environment. The lithofacies C is formed by greyish clay siltstone, locally with planar lamination and common bioturbation. The lithofacies C was interpreted as the product of deposition in the off shore condition (outer part of the shelf?).The results of pebble analysis and analysis of the chemistry of garnets and rutiles were used for the evaluation of the source areas of the Lower Badenian basal clastics.Pebble analysis shows that the studied Lower Badenian clastics are polymict. Grey limestones dominate in the pebble spectra and also oft en represent the largest clasts. Light-coloured limestones, shales and graywackes (most probably Culmian), quartzes and dolomites are relatively common. The content of pebbles of crystalline rocks is relative low. These results indicate the prevalence of sedimentary rocks in the source area and/or recycling of the source material. This results together with garnet and rutile analysis point to the source from the Culmian rock of Drahanská Vrchovina Upland and Nízký Jeseník Highland (especially the rocks of the Myslejovice Formation) and also probably from the Carpathian Flysch Belt.
NOVÝ VÝSKYT SKARNU V GFÖHLSKÉ JEDNOTCE U VEVČIC U JEVIŠOVIC: MINERÁLNÍ ASOCIACE SKARNU A KONTAMINOVANÝCH AMFIBOLICKÝCH PEGMATITŮ
Authors: Houzar Stanislav , Šmerda Jaroslav , Buriánek David
Published: April 2015

This work provides detailed information about a new occurrence of skarn near Vevčice (near Jevišovice, western Moravia), which is one of the most important outcrops of these rocks in the southeastern part of the Moldanubian Zone (Gföhl Unit). The skarn is characterized by a strong migmatization, which resulted in contaminated amphibole pegmatite veins penetrating the skarn. The mineral assemblage of the skarn is simple, with dominant garnets, both grossular-almandine (Alm55–57 Grs31–37 Adr3–8) and grossular-andradite-almandine (Grs45–53 Adr20–34 Alm20–24). Garnets clearly predominate over clinopyroxene, hedenbergite with a slightly increased “fassaite component”. The very low amount of quartz contrasts with that in the skarns in the surrounding Gföhl unit. Amphibole (potassium-rich hastingsite) is younger mineral in the skarn, and especially in contaminated pegmatites. Epidote after garnets, and eventually prehnite, belong to the youngest minerals in some types of rocks. Accessory titanite, sometimes rich in Sn, was found frequently, as well as metamict REE-rich epidote. Magnetite is rather exceptional, mainly in assemblages replacing garnet; fluorapatite, ilmenite and zircon are rare. The studied skarn is part of a lithologically varied sequence of the Gföhl Unit, with intercalations of Ca-metasediments, appearing in several non-contiguous horizons around the boundary of so-called Běhařovice-Vémyslice synform, with a granulite–serpentinite complex in its center. This sequence of strongly migmatized biotite paragneiss to leucocratic migmatites also contains diopside and scapolite-diopside gneiss, garnet-pyroxene and phlogopite-diopside skarns containing magnetite and exceptionally Au-Co-Bi and REE mineralization as well as rare occurrences of spinel-forsterite dolomitic marbles.
VYUŽITÍ TERÉNNÍHO RENTGENOFLUORESCENČNÍHO SPEKTROMETRU PRO ANALÝZU ORGANOMINERÁLNÍCH MATRICÍ
Authors: Geršl Milan , Geršlová Eva , Findura Pavol , Mareček Jan
Published: April 2015

The portable X-ray-fluorescence analyzer (Innov-X Systems, Inc.) is routinely used as screening tool in geochemical and environmental mapping. The applicability in organomineral matrices was not tested yet. The biogas is produced from maize silage, grass silage, beef and pig manure and slurry, sewage sludge, organic wastes from food industries, organic household waste. As the main result the digestate (anaerobic digestion residues) is manufactured. The digestate is used as fertilizer and/or fuel. In the presented study the three reference materials and three samples of the digestate were analyzed 50 times each. RFA analytical conditions for reference material and samples: Innov-X Systems, Inc., Delta, time measurement: 1. beam: energy 1–40 kV, time 140 s.; 2. Beam: energy 2–10 kV, time 140 s., analytical mode: geochem2. Statistical evaluation of the data set allowed comparison among accuracy and reproducibility for organomineral matrices. The results are in good correlation with data from standard elemental analyses. The presented results has proved very good or satisfactory reproducibility for fourteen elements (Al, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Pb, Th ). The results for three elements (Al, S, Fe) in digestates have high reproducibility, for the Ag, Mn, Mo, Sr, Zr, Th have good reproducibility. The portable XRF is suitable for the mineral fraction characterization in the agricultural materials such as composts, digestates and silages.
Consubstantialité vs intersectionnalité?
Authors: Galerand Elsa , Kergoat Danièle
Published: April 2015

Cet article consiste à situer la théorisation de la « consubstantialité des rapports sociaux » (Kergoat, 1978-2012) au regard des tensions qui traversent actuellement la réflexion sur l’articulation des systèmes d’oppressions. Prenant acte d’oppositions persistantes dans le champ de « la recherche intersectionnelle », il montre en quoi le concept de « consubstantialité des rapports sociaux », en raison du contexte dans lequel il s’enracine, se démarque d’autres cadrages existants. D’une part, il envisage l’imbrication des différentes oppressions depuis une compréhension dynamique des rapports de pouvoir. D’autre part, il se rattache au bagage théorique issu du féminisme matérialiste qu’il propose de retravailler plutôt que d’écarter les notions clés de l’héritage marxien que la vague culturaliste tend à évacuer. C’est finalement l’efficacité et l’actualité sociologique de cette conceptualisation des rapports de pouvoir et des relations qu’ils entretiennent les uns avec les autres qui sont mises en évidence ici.
Analyse intersectionnelle de l’oppression de mères racisées en contexte de violence conjugale
Authors: Chbat Marianne , Damant Dominique , Flynn Catherine
Published: April 2015

En prenant appui sur la matrice du pouvoir de Collins (2000), le présent article rend compte des résultats d’une recherche portant sur les expériences de maternité de femmes autochtones et de femmes racisées en contexte de violence conjugale. Les résultats sont présentés et discutés à la lumière de la matrice du pouvoir de Collins.
L’approche intersectionnelle pour mieux comprendre le mariage forcé de femmes immigrantes à Montréal
Authors: Lamboley Madeline , Jimenez Estibaliz , Cousineau Marie-Marthe , Pontel Maud
Published: April 2015

Divers informateurs clés oeuvrant sur le terrain sont de plus en plus interpellés par la situation de femmes immigrantes vivant ou menacées d’un mariage forcé à Montréal. À partir d’un cadre théorique intersectionnel et au vu de données empiriques, cet article propose de distinguer des indices laissant présager autant un « danger » potentiel lié au mariage forcé qu’un risque d’être mariée de force, et permettant éventuellement de les identifier. Ces situations devraient permettre de concevoir une intervention interculturelle adaptée, voire spécifique auprès de femmes immigrantes sous l’emprise d’un phénomène complexe et multidimensionnel.
Le féminisme postcolonial à l’épreuve
Authors: Caron Roxane , Damant Dominique
Published: April 2015

S’appuyant sur les résultats d’une recherche qualitative portant sur l’expérience d’exil de femmes palestiniennes réfugiées dans un camp au Liban, cet article présente certains défis rencontrés lors de l’opérationnalisation des résultats. Un cadre féministe postcolonial étant pertinent pour analyser les réalités de ces femmes, on verra qu’il peut toutefois créer une représentation dichotomique des expériences des femmes. Ainsi, dans cet article, nous montrons comment, à l’aide de la matrice de domination de Patricia Hill Collins (2000), il est possible d’éviter les analyses binaires en révélant plutôt les réalités (et discriminations) complexes des réfugiées palestiniennes.
L’intervention sociale en faveur des femmes migrantes à l’intersection des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe
Authors: Choffat Dietrich , Martin Hélène
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose une analyse de l’imbrication des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe tels qu’ils se manifestent dans une association suisse non mixte ayant pour objectif de soutenir l’intégration des femmes migrantes. L’analyse proposée montre, d’une part, comment la catégorie de femmes migrantes est produite à l’intersection des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe et s’oppose à une figure pseudo générique de femmes émancipées et modernes; et, d’autre part, comment cette production rend légitime l’intervention sociale spécialisée.
Constats sur la difficile intégration d’une analyse intersectionnelle en droit canadien
Authors: Chagnon Rachel
Published: April 2015

Au Canada, les tribunaux reconnaissent de plus en plus les bienfaits de l’approche intersectionnelle. Toutefois, les défis posés par les individus ayant des appartenances conflictuelles à certains groupes se posent toujours. Le concept de l’intersectionnalité semble peu efficace afin de résoudre ce problème et pose ici ses limites. C’est entre autres le cas dans la décision In re : Section 293 of the Criminal Code of Canada.
Climatology of potential vorticity streamers and associated isentropic transport pathways across PV gradient barriers
Authors: Kunz A. , Sprenger M. , Wernli H.
Published: April 2015

The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis product ERA‐Interim from 1979 to 2011 is used to investigate potential vorticity (PV) streamers as indicators of Rossby wave breaking (RWB) and the exchange of air masses between the tropics and the extratropics on isentropes between 350 and 500 K. The concept of the strongest isentropic gradients of PV and wind is applied to mark a dynamically relevant PV boundary on every isentrope. An Eulerian algorithm is then used to identify streamers of this PV contour and a trajectory‐based technique to study the exchange across this contour. The climatology of PV streamers reveals a seasonal cycle with a higher frequency in summer than in winter in both hemispheres on all isentropes. During winter, PV streamers are suppressed above 400 K in line with the occurrence of polar vortices. Globally, the highest frequency of PV streamers is found between 380 and 420 K over the eastern North Pacific in summer. Exchange trajectories associated with these PV streamers constitute important atmospheric transport pathways between the tropics and extratropics. In both hemispheres, PV streamers and their associated air mass exchange are controlled by the presence of monsoon anticyclones in summer and by RWB in the vicinity of jet splittings in winter. Cross‐hemispheric transport is observed between 380 and 400 K in the westerly ducts over the Pacific and Atlantic. Equatorward PV streamers are connected with a more frequent exchange than poleward PV streamers, indicating a more reversible poleward and irreversible equatorward RWB. The latter is often connected with a frequent breaking into PV cutoffs.
Drag force parameters of rigid and flexible vegetal elements
Authors: Chapman John A. , Wilson Bruce N. , Gulliver John S.
Published: April 2015

This paper compares parameters that characterize vegetation flexibility effects on flow resistance and drag. Drag forces have been measured in a flume for simple cylindrical obstructions of the same shape and size but with different flexibility under several flow conditions. This data set is used to fit drag parameters and to relate their value to flexibility through the Cauchy Number. A formulation is presented where the drag coefficient is evaluated as a function of a new calibration velocity parameter which is related to the elastic modulus of the obstruction. While the use of a Vogel exponent and reference velocity provides a similar response, the reference velocity when used is somewhat nebulous and appears to have a critical impact on the parameter and the drag force calculated. The proposed formulation for drag reduction is more consistently estimated for the range of flexibilities in this study.
Hydroeconomic optimization of integrated water management and transfers under stochastic surface water supply
Authors: Zhu Tingju , Marques Guilherme Fernandes , Lund Jay R.
Published: April 2015

Efficient reallocation and conjunctive operation of existing water supplies is gaining importance as demands grow, competitions among users intensify, and new supplies become more costly. This paper analyzes the roles and benefits of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater and market‐based water transfers in an integrated regional water system where agricultural and urban water users coordinate supply and demand management based on supply reliability and economic values of water. Agricultural users optimize land and water use for annual and perennial crops to maximize farm income, while urban users choose short‐term and long‐term water conservation actions to maintain reliability and minimize costs. The temporal order of these decisions is represented in a two‐stage optimization that maximizes the net expected benefits of crop production, urban conservation and water management including conjunctive use and water transfers. Long‐term decisions are in the first stage and short‐term decisions are in a second stage based on probabilities of water availability events. Analytical and numerical analyses are made. Results show that conjunctive use and water transfers can substantially stabilize farmer's income and reduce system costs by reducing expensive urban water conservation or construction. Water transfers can equalize marginal values of water across users, while conjunctive use minimizes water marginal value differences in time. Model results are useful for exploring the integration of different water demands and supplies through water transfers, conjunctive use, and conservation, providing valuable insights for improving system management.
A methodology for velocity field measurement in multiphase high‐pressure flow of CO2 and water in micromodels
Authors: Kazemifar Farzan , Blois Gianluca , Kyritsis Dimitrios C. , Christensen Kenneth T.
Published: April 2015

This paper presents a novel methodology for capturing instantaneous, temporally and spatially resolved velocity fields in an immiscible multiphase flow of liquid/supercritical CO2 and water through a porous micromodel. Of interest is quantifying pore‐scale flow processes relevant to geological CO2 sequestration and enhanced oil recovery, and in particular, at thermodynamic conditions relevant to geological reservoirs. A previously developed two‐color microscopic particle image velocimetry approach is combined with a high‐pressure apparatus, facilitating flow quantification of water interacting with supercritical CO2. This technique simultaneously resolves (in space and time) the aqueous phase velocity field as well as the dynamics of the menisci. The method and the experimental apparatus are detailed, and the results are presented to demonstrate its unique capabilities for studying pore‐scale dynamics of CO2‐water interactions. Simultaneous identification of the boundary between the two fluid phases and quantification of the instantaneous velocity field in the aqueous phase provides a step change in capability for investigating multiphase flow physics at the pore scale at reservoir‐relevant conditions.
A thermodynamic interpretation of Budyko and L'vovich formulations of annual water balance: Proportionality Hypothesis and maximum entropy production
Authors: Wang Dingbao , Zhao Jianshi , Tang Yin , Sivapalan Murugesu
Published: April 2015

The paper forms part of the search for a thermodynamic explanation for the empirical Budyko Curve, addressing a long‐standing research question in hydrology. Here this issue is pursued by invoking the Proportionality Hypothesis underpinning the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method widely used for estimating direct runoff at the event scale. In this case, the Proportionality Hypothesis posits that the ratio of continuing abstraction to its potential value is equal to the ratio of direct runoff to its potential value. Recently, the validity of the Proportionality Hypothesis has been extended to the partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evaporation at the annual time scale as well. In this case, the Proportionality Hypothesis dictates that the ratio of continuing evaporation to its potential value is equal to the ratio of runoff to its potential value. The Budyko Curve could then be seen as the straightforward outcome of the application of the Proportionality Hypothesis to estimate mean annual water balance. In this paper, we go further and demonstrate that the Proportionality Hypothesis itself can be seen as a result of the application of the thermodynamic principle of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP). In this way, we demonstrate a possible thermodynamic basis for the Proportionality Hypothesis, and consequently for the Budyko Curve. As a further extension, the L'vovich formulation for the two‐stage partitioning of annual precipitation is also demonstrated to be a result of MEP: one for the competition between soil wetting and fast flow during the first stage; another for the competition between evaporation and base flow during the second stage.
Toward a generalized plate motion reference frame
Authors: Becker T. W. , Schaeffer A. J. , Lebedev S. , Conrad C. P.
Published: April 2015

An absolute plate motion (APM) model is required to address issues such as the thermochemical evolution of Earth's mantle. All APM models have to rely on indirect inferences, including those based on hot spots and seismic anisotropy, each with their own set of uncertainties. Here, we explore a seafloor spreading‐aligned reference frame. We show that this reference frame fits azimuthal seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle very well. The corresponding Euler pole is close to those of hot spot reference frames, ridge motion minimizing models, and geodynamic estimates of net rotation and predicts clear trench motion patterns. We conclude that a net rotation pole guided by the spreading‐aligned model (at 64°E, 61°S, with moderate rotation of ∼ 0.2 … 0.3°/Myr) could indeed represent a standard, comprehensive reference frame for present‐day plate motions with respect to the deep mantle.
A novel sensor combination (upGPR‐GPS) to continuously and nondestructively derive snow cover properties
Authors: Schmid Lino , Koch Franziska , Heilig Achim , Prasch Monika , Eisen Olaf , Mauser Wolfram , Schweizer Jürg
Published: April 2015

Monitoring seasonal snow cover properties is critical for properly managing natural hazards such as snow avalanches or snowmelt floods. However, measurements often cannot be conducted in difficult terrain or lack the high temporal resolution needed to account for rapid changes in the snowpack, e.g., liquid water content (LWC). To monitor essential snowpack properties, we installed an upward looking ground‐penetrating radar (upGPR) and a low‐cost GPS system below the snow cover and observed in parallel its evolution during two winter seasons. Applying external snow height (HS) information, both systems provided consistent LWC estimates in snow, based on independent approaches, namely measurements of travel time and attenuation of electromagnetic waves. By combining upGPR and GPS, we now obtain a self‐contained approach instead of having to rely on external information such as HS. This allows for the first time determining LWC, HS, and snow water equivalent (SWE) nondestructively and continuously potentially also in avalanche‐prone slopes.
Universal properties of mirror mode turbulence in the Earth's magnetosheath
Authors: Osmane A. , Dimmock A. P. , Pulkkinen T. I.
Published: April 2015

We use more than 7 years of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations to quantify the non‐Gaussian properties associated with mirror mode turbulence in the Earth's magnetosheath. We find that non‐Gaussian statistics of mirror modes lead to the parabolic collapse of kurtosis as the square of the skewness (K = aS2+B with a ∼ 1.3 and b ∼− 1). The parabolic scaling is a global constraint for the magnetosheath and is dictated by kinetic processes. This parabolic scaling is qualitatively independent of the distance to the magnetopause or bow shock, which implies that, even though the bow shock is driving the mirror mode instability, the dynamical evolution of mirror structures is independent of the source region and due to local processes. The parabolic relationship and coefficients between kurtosis and skewness for mirror modes in the Earth's magnetosheath are also similar to those found in a wide range of geophysical and laboratory turbulent environments, providing further evidence that turbulent systems dominated by non‐Gaussian fluctuations hold universal statistical properties.
Temperature‐Induced Switchable Adhesion using Nickel–Titanium–Polydimethylsiloxane Hybrid Surfaces
Authors: Frensemeier Mareike , Kaiser Jessica S. , Frick Carl P. , Schneider Andreas S. , Arzt Eduard , Fertig Ray S. , Kroner Elmar
Published: April 2015

A switchable dry adhesive based on a nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape‐memory alloy with an adhesive silicone rubber surface has been developed. Although several studies investigate micropatterned, bioinspired adhesive surfaces, very few focus on reversible adhesion. The system here is based on the indentation‐induced two‐way shape‐memory effect in NiTi alloys. NiTi is trained by mechanical deformation through indentation and grinding to elicit a temperature‐induced switchable topography with protrusions at high temperature and a flat surface at low temperature. The trained surfaces are coated with either a smooth or a patterned adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, resulting in a temperature‐induced switchable surface, used for dry adhesion. Adhesion tests show that the temperature‐induced topographical change of the NiTi influences the adhesive performance of the hybrid system. For samples with a smooth PDMS layer the transition from flat to structured state reduces adhesion by 56%, and for samples with a micropatterned PDMS layer adhesion is switchable by nearly 100%. Both hybrid systems reveal strong reversibility related to the NiTi martensitic phase transformation, allowing repeated switching between an adhesive and a nonadhesive state. These effects have been discussed in terms of reversible changes in contact area and varying tilt angles of the pillars with respect to the substrate surface.
Fast Photoluminescence Switching in the Nematic Phase of Calamitic–Discotic Composites
Authors: Madhuri P. Lakshmi , Rao D. S. Shankar , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S. , Prasad S. Krishna
Published: April 2015

A photoluminescent (PL) system comprising a host calamitic–nematic and discotic fluorescent dopant is presented which can be switched at fast rates between two anisotropic values of photoluminescence using a two‐frequency addressing scheme. The employed unprecedented protocol, exhibiting the desirable higher contrast, switches two orders of magnitude faster than the standard mode of addressing. The methodology employed can be generalized and thus caters to a variety of fluorophores to cover the required PL wavelength. On the basis of X‐ray diffraction results it is demonstrated that as the discotic content is increased, the extent and nature of the short‐range order in the nematic phase changes, from that of a standard nematic to that of the locally columnar type. Imposing geometrical restrictions on this active system through a network of hydrogen‐bonded nanoparticles yields higher emission in both the field‐on and field‐off situations, although with a reduced anisotropy.
An electrolyte CPA equation of state for mixed solvent electrolytes
Authors: Maribo‐Mogensen Bjørn , Thomsen Kaj , Kontogeorgis Georgios M.
Published: April 2015

Despite great efforts over the past decades, thermodynamic modeling of electrolytes in mixed solvents is still a challenge today. The existing modeling frameworks based on activity coefficient models are data‐driven and require expert knowledge to be parameterized. It has been suggested that the predictive capabilities could be improved through the development of an electrolyte equation of state. In this work, the Cubic Plus Association (CPA) Equation of State is extended to handle mixtures containing electrolytes by including the electrostatic contributions from the Debye–Hückel and Born terms using a self‐consistent model for the static permittivity. A simple scheme for parameterization of salts with a limited number of parameters is proposed and model parameters for a range of salts are determined from experimental data of activity and osmotic coefficients as well as freezing point depression. Finally, the model is applied to predict VLE, LLE, and SLE in aqueous salt mixtures as well as in mixed solvents. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2933–2950, 2015