bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing in the Nuclear and Wind Energy Sectors
Authors: Schoofs Frank , Garcia Fernando , Geisen Ole
Published: January 2024

Nuclear energy harnesses the power of atomic interactions, whether through the fission of large nuclei or the fusion of light elements. Additive manufacturing (AM) can play several roles in this sector and is actively being researched and applied, although challenges remain. This article provides a discussion of the opportunities, challenges, and example use cases of AM in the nuclear and wind energy sectors.
THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS FACTORS ON THE HORMONAL PROFILE OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE DURING HOSTILITIES
Authors: Iryna Malysheva  , Yuliia Lukianchenko  , Anastasiia Serbeniuk  , Roman Bogachev
Published: January 2024

Modern Ukrainian female servicemen from the temporarily occupied territories and other regions of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law have serious risks for deterioration not only of their health, but also of future children, which is due to the negative effects of stress factors during the war. Among which there are unfavorable working conditions of military personnel (severe neuropsychic tension, violation of the diet and sleep, increased physical activity, hypothermia; inappropriate living conditions, life and activity of personnel, problems of obtaining gynecological care; ), as well as environmental conditions: chemical factors (substances that pollute water and air: gunpowder, accumulator gases, combustion products, heavy metals, engine maintenance products, aerosols, pesticides, anthropotoxins), physical factors (noise, vibration, extreme temperature regimes, height, radiation), environmental factors, etc. It is worth noting that at present one of the key factors of disruption of the functioning of the body is post-traumatic stress disorder. According to current data, about 30% of people affected by traumatic events will have PTSD and need help. As for the female population, during the life of PTSD is diagnosed in about 10% of adult women and 7% of girls. It is also known that in women, manifestations of PTSD are observed almost 1.5 times more often than in men. Particularly high level of prevalence of mental disorders is noted among internally displaced persons. In particular, in this cohort, PTSD develops and is diagnosed in 22% of men and 36% of women. Among the symptoms of PTSD, depression (in 16 and 25%, respectively) and anxiety (in 13 and 20%, respectively) are most common.
Очерки истории элитологии / П.Л. Карабущенко. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2023. – Т. 2: Средние века ‒ Возрождение ‒ Новое время ‒ Просвещение. – 624 с.
Authors: Карабущенко П.Л.
Published: January 2024

История элитологии – одна из самых удивительных историй важнейших идей и великих людей. Эта история о самом важном и самом великом, что было в прошлом человечества. И важным здесь оказывается не столько политика, сколько культура – наука, религия, литература, архитектура... Вместе с тем история развития элитологии – одна из самых слабоизученных тем как отечественной, так и мировой науки. Заполняя этот вакуум, мы постарались в настоящем исследовании максимально охватить историю элит, элитности и идей о них на протяжении практически тысячелетней истории человечества. Очерки включают информацию об элитологических понятиях и терминах, об элитных личностях, оставивших свой заметный след в истории, философии, культуре, литературе, политике, религии и т. д. Работа предназначена для историков, философов, политологов, культурологов и всех тех, кто интересуется различными аспектами элитологического знания.
Maternal Needs and Priorities in Neonatal Intensive Care Environment: A Cros- sectional study in the UAE
Authors: John Pushpa Thomas , Suleiman Sameera , Helmi Rola , Akkawi Fatima M , AlMarzooqi Amna Saleh , Elias Aneeshya
Published: January 2024

Background: HospitalizaBon of neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) pre- sents significant stress and adaptaBon challenges for mothers. Understanding their needs is crucial for opBmal care, as unmet needs can adversely affect both maternal and infant health outcomes.

Purpose: This study aims to systemaBcally assess the maternal needs and prioriBes in the NICU seRng, emphasizing the significance of maternal well-being in neonatal care.

Methods: Employing a cross-secBonal survey design, we engaged 200 mothers of hospi- talized neonates in Al Qassimi Women and Children Hospital, Sharjah. The Maternal Needs Inventory, comprising 25 items across five dimensions (Assurance, Proximity, InformaBon, Support, and Comfort), was uBlized. Mothers rated their needs and listed their top five prioriBes.

Results: Assurance needs emerged as paramount, with 87.2% of mothers highlighBng them as criBcal. Comfort needs were deemed least important (52.4%). A significant associaBon was noted between maternal needs and certain demographic variables, underscoring the diversity of maternal experiences in the NICU.

Conclusion: The Maternal Needs Inventory proves to be an effecBve tool in recognizing and addressing mothers’ needs in the NICU. Addressing these needs is vital for fostering a family-centered care approach, crucial for both maternal and neonatal well-being.
Assessing the Moderating Effect of Political Stability on the Relationship between FDI and Economic Prosperity: The Case of Jordan
Authors: Basha Mazen Hasan
Published: January 2024

Objectives: The current research focuses on proving that Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a significant source for developing countries like Jordan. Therefore, Current research aims to investigate the impact of FDI on the economic prosperity of Jordan, focusing on how this relationship is affected by the country's political stability. The study incorporates the time series data from 2011 to 2021. The economic prosperity of the country is measured through the real gross domestic product (Real GDP) growth rate. Methods: The econometric analysis indicates that FDI has a positive significant impact on the economic prosperity of Jordan, but the political stability of the country also influences this effect. by using these indicators Unit Root Test, Regression Analysis, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Results: The findings indicate that the political instability of the country hurts the relationship between FDI and economic prosperity. Current research has positive significant implications for economic policymakers and politicians of Jordan. Conclusion: Jordanian policymakers and politicians should focus on improving the country's political stability, which will lead to attracting more FDI and economic prosperity.
Heterogeneity of Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated from Food Products in Moscow
Authors: Mikhailova Yu. V. , Molchanov A. D. , Shelenkov A. A. , Tyumentseva M. A. , Karbyshev K. S. , Tyumentsev A. I. , Egorova A. E. , Kulikova N. G. , Manzenyuk I. N. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes listeriosis, which represents a widespread infectious disease currently inflicting great damage to livestock production and posing a serious threat to human health.

Aim. To analyze the population structure and assess the pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes isolates isolated on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. A total of 79 listeria isolates were isolated from food products. Species identification and phenotypic analysis for antibiotic resistance were performed using VITEK MS system (bioMerieux, Marcyl’toile, France). Thirty-five antibiotic-resistant isolates were characterized by analysis of whole-genome sequencing data.

Results. Whole genome sequences of thirty-five antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes isolates of food origin were analyzed. We determined clonal structure of this population and revealed a small number of antibiotic resistance determinants (fosX, tetM и сlpL), extensive set of virulence factors, as well as the presence of CRISPR/Cas systems. Most of the isolates belonged to phylogenetic line II and were divided into nine clonal complexes with the prevalence of CC121, which was one of the epidemiologically significant genetic clones. Two CC2 isolates belonging to the most pathogenic phylogenetic lineage I were also found. Thirteen isolates were characterized by the presence of putative CRISPR/Cas systems of IB and IIA types. All ST 121 isolates contained two types of identified adaptive immunity systems simultaneously in their genomes. Correlation analysis confirmed their functionality.

Conclusion. We believe that the whole genome data obtained for the foodborne Listeria monocytogenes isolates will facilitate and complement further epidemiological studies of this pathogen, as well as the investigations of its genome variability in terms of the acquisition of various genetic elements associated with adaptation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence. Moreover, the results of such studies will help to develop preventive measures to effectively solve problems associated with the bacterial contamination of animal products and ensure food safety in production conditions and the «farm-to-table» chain.
Rationale for Vaccination against COVID-19 among Elderly and Senile People with Comorbid Conditions
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Zhang Chen , Khrapunova I. A. , Pechenik A. S. , Brazhnik V. A. , Utkin V. A. , Laktionova M. N. , Linok A. V. , Raicic S. P.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. COVID-19 vaccination reduces mortality and the course of severe diseases. However, there is an insufficiency of studies evaluating factors leading to infection among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals.

Aim. Identification of epidemiological features that distinguish cases of the disease in vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in 1126 hospitalized patients in the period from 23.06.2021 to 01.05.2022 was carried out taking into account the presence or absence of vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Results. It was found that the risk of COVID-19 getting sick in the unimmunized was 1.5 times higher than in the vaccinated (p < 0.05). The incidence of hospitalization, due to the severity of the condition (moderate, severe and extremely severe), in unvaccinated people with no history of comorbidities, is more than 3 times higher than in vaccinated people (p < 0.05) in the same group. The probability of death from COVID-19 among vaccinated people is 1.5 times lower than among unimmunized people (p < 0.05). The age characteristic of mortality in vaccinated people shifts to the «senile» age (76.93 ± 1.32), while among the unimmunized, the age of death is closer to the category of «elderly» (73.74 ± 1.39 years) (p ≤ 0.05). In the structure of mortality among the vaccinated, the main share was made up of patients with a history of 3 to 7 concomitant systemic diseases (66.7%), while among the unvaccinated, the main share (74.5%) were patients either without comorbidities or with a history of 1 to 2 concomitant diseases.

Conclusion. The results of the epidemiological features of the COVID-2 epidemic process have shown that vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is vital for elderly and senile people with comorbid conditions.
Evaluation of the Intensity of Post-Vaccination Immunity to Hepatitis B among HIV-infected and Conditionally Healthy Persons in Western Siberia
Authors: Kartashov M. Yu. , Svirin K. A. , Krivosheina E. I. , Chub E. V. , Ternovoi V. A. , Kochneva G. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Hepatitis B often causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, especially among patients with HIV. Vaccination is the main prophylaxis of HBV for preventing infection and developing chronic disease. Studying the duration of postvaccination immunity and the expediency of revaccination in different age and risk groups is important for improving the strategy of immunoprophylaxis of B hepatitis.

Aims. Study was to determine the level of post-vaccination immunity to HBV and specific antibodies (anti-HBc and anti-HBs) among HIV-positive patients and the healthy population of Novosibirsk and Tomsk.

Materials and methods. 536 blood samples were taken from HIV-positive patients and 337 blood samples from healthy people (pregnant women and persons undergoing a routine medical examination). The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, and anti-HBcIgG were determined in the samples.

Results. The proportion of post-vaccination immunity decreased in older age groups with an increase in the proportion of post-exposure immunity. The proportion of HIV-positive patients who had contact with HBV was higher than among healthy people. Around 70% of people in each group had a low level of protective antibodies anti-HBs (lower than 100 IU). A high level of anti-HBs (higher than 400 IU) was determined in 10% of examined people. The proportion of low levels of anti-HBs increased with age, while average and high levels of post-vaccination immunity were less common with increasing age.

Conclusion. A low proportion of HIV-positive people, who have been effectively vaccinated against hepatitis B, was noticed. Annual blood tests for the presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, in combination with determining DNA HBV, can be recommended for HIV-positive patients who have a risk of developing an occult form of hepatitis B.
Formation of Genetically Determined Resistance against Human Norovirus Infection through Polymorphism of the FUT2 gene: a Review of the Literature
Authors: Bykov R. O. , Semenov A. V. , Starikova P. K. , Itani T. M.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Human Noroviruses (HuNoV) are highly contagious pathogens responsible of acute human norovirus infection. HuNoV is the cause of every fifth case of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis, annually causing about 699 million cases of the disease and more than 200 thousand deaths worldwide. Controlled expression of the HBGA antigens by the FUT2 gene causes resistance to human norovirus. Polymorphisms of the FUT family genes contribute to partial or complete immunity to certain genogroups/ genotypes of norovirus.

Aims. To characterize the effect of FUT2 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to HuNoV.

Results. Nonsensemutations of G428A in two homologous alleles contribute to the formation of a secretory-negative phenotype (se), which is a factor determining immunity to noroviruses. Some missense-mutations in the nucleotide positions se385,571 form partial resistance against certain genotypes. People with a secretory-negative phenotype are immune to infection by the GII.4 genotype and its genovariants.

Conclusions. The expression of HLA antigens by the functionally inactive FUT2 gene plays a key role in the resistance of the human population to HuNoV. Susceptibility to HuNoV largely depends on the prevalence of HBGA phenotypic diversity among ethnic populations around the world. Targeted screening aimed at identifying polymorphisms of the FUT family will allow identifying risk groups more susceptible to HuNoV.
Problems and Collisions of Vaccinology
Authors: Kharchenko E. P.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the limitations of the protective potential of the immune system associated with the peculiarities of the evolutionary mechanisms of the emergence of protein diversity and the late emergence in the evolution of the adaptive immune system, as well as problems associated with the formation of immunity to viral infections and immune collisions during vaccination. Using the example of hemagglutinin of the H1N1 influenza virus and S protein of the SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus, the features of the amino acid composition of their immunodominant (NA1 and S1) and subdominant (NA2 and S2) subunits are illustrated and the possibility of creating a universal vaccine against influenza viruses is analyzed. The principle of a new method for detecting linear peptide immunoepitopes recognized by MHC I and II and biomarkers of long-term immunity in surface viral proteins used as vaccines is described. The model of proteolysis of vaccine proteins in immunoprotesomes and lysosomes, features of the amino acid composition of surface proteins of viruses to which vaccines cause long-term immunity, and viruses to which vaccines have not yet been developed, as well as possible collisions with mRNA vaccines are examined. Possible collisions with mRNA vaccines are also being considered in connection with the identification of gene encoding limitations.
Analysis of the Causes and Conditions for the Formation of a High Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in the Population of the Altai Krai (Part 1. Features of Long-Term and Intra-Annual Dynamics of ARI Incidence in 2011–2021)
Authors: Blokh A. I. , Pen`evskaya N. A. , Rudakov N. V. , Egorova O. F. , Manokhina Kh. A. , Abdrashitova L. V. , Saveliev D. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The Altai Krai (AK) is among the least prosperous subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI).

Aim: to analyze the causes and conditions for the formation of a high incidence of ARI among the population of the Altai Krai based on an assessment of the long-term and intra-annual dynamics of the epidemic process in 2011–2021.

Materials and methods. In the course of a retrospective epidemiological study according to the annual forms No. 2 of the state statistical observation (SOS) for 2011-2021 a comparative analysis of the incidence of ARI and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in various groups of the population of the AK, the Siberian federal district (SFD) and the population of the Russian Federation as a whole was carried out. Data for 2020–2021 («covid» period) was analyzed separately in comparison with the precovid period of 2011–2019. The intra-annual dynamics of the incidence of ARI and CAP in the AK were studied using the method of trend-seasonal decomposition according to the monthly forms No. 2 of the SOS.

Results and discussion. It is established that in 2011–2021. the epidemic process of ARI in the AK was characterized by a higher level and rate of increase in the incidence of all population groups (adults and children, urban and rural) compared to the all-Russian and average for the Siberian Federal District; a higher proportion of children in the overall structure of ARI cases, despite the fact that the proportion of the child population did not exceed (or was even less) than in other regions; no decrease in the incidence of ARI in children in the period 2020–2021; the presence of a trend towards an increase in the incidence of ARI in both urban and rural residents in the pre-covid period; higher incidence in the rural population in 2011–2019 compared to the whole of the Russian Federation or the Siberian Federal District. A less pronounced role of the seasonal component in the registration of CAP was revealed, in comparison with ARI. In some years, an increase in the registration of CAP was observed in the spring-summer period. For 2020-2021 there was a close coincidence of the curves of the intra-annual dynamics of the registered incidence of ARI and COVID-19 among the general population, CAP and COVID-19.

Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the need to study the possible impact of environmental factors, as well as the shortcomings of the etiological interpretation and differential diagnosis of some natural focal and zoonotic infections that occur with fever and respiratory symptoms on the formation of a high incidence of ARI in the Altai Territory.
The effect of Locally Applied Bacillus safensis Strain 440-1 from Antarctic Soil on the Course of Experimental Wound Staphylococcal Infection
Authors: Aslanov B. I. , Kolodzhieva V. V. , Lebedeva E. A. , Tumanyan I. A. , Won Yu. D. , Mokhov A. S. , Dolgiy A. A. , Goncharov A. E.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus are an urgent problem of hospital epidemiology, and control measures involve the development of new antimicrobials. Probiotics based on bacterial strains isolated fro natural habitats are considered promising means of combating MRSA.

Aims. To test the possibility of using the Bacillus safensis 440-1 strain isolated from Antarctic soil. as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of experimental staphylococcal infection.

Purpose of the study – check the possibility of using the Bacillus safensis 440-1 strain, isolated from Antarctic soil, as a topical antibacterial agent for the treatment of experimental staphylococcal infection.

Material and methods. The potential virulence of Bacillus safensis strain 440-1 was studied on a mouse peritonitis model, and its activity against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SA776 test strain was studied on a localized wound infection model.

Results and discussion. Our study demonstrated the safety of the tested strain due intraperitoneal use. We found that the use of the studied strain reduces the staphylococci amount in wounds from the third day from the start of the study to the end of the observation period, without aggravating the course of the infection.

Conclusion. Bacillus safensis strain is a promising potential probiotic and it can be used as a part of complex antiseptic or disinfectant after additional studies aimed at developing an optimal mode of its use.
Immunological Efficacy of Vaccination against COVID-19 in Employees of Medical Institutions of Various Profiles: Psychiatric Hospital and Regional Hospital
Authors: Murzina A. A. , Zubkov A. V. , Svitich O. A. , Kaira A. N.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. On the territory of the Russian Federation, mass vaccination of the population is recognized as a priority health strategy against COVID-19, Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine has been widely used. The main risk group, which is subject to priority vaccination, are employees of medical organizations (MO). The determination of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 is an important parameter for assessing the intensity and duration of post-vaccination immunity

Aims. Study the immunological efficacy of the vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac used by employees of a psychiatric hospital and a regional hospital.

Materials and methods. A study of the blood sera of 410 employees of two MO of various profiles who received one full course of the Gam-COVID-Vac» vaccine for the presence of IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 using a set of reagents «SARS-CoV-2-IgG quantitative-ELISA-BEST» and IgG to NC SARS-CoV-2 using a set of reagents «ELISA anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG».

Results and discussion. Specific IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with «Gam-COVIDVac » were found in 92.9% of psychiatric hospital staff and 98.0% of the regional hospital. Antibodies of class G to SARS-CoV-2 with a level of 300 BAU/ml or more were detected in 11.6% of psychiatric hospital staff and in 70.0% of regional hospitals, which is associated with the smallest proportion of persons in a psychiatric hospital with hybrid immunity than in a regional hospital (67.4% vs. 89.0%, respectively). A study of employees of the Ministry of Defense of various profiles revealed a difference in the level of IgG to RBD Spike SARS-CoV-2: 178.0 BAU/ml in a psychiatric hospital and 366.0 BAU/ml in a regional hospital. In a psychiatric hospital, the IgG level was highest up to 3 months after the completed vaccination – 166.4 BAU/ml, in a regional hospital from 3 to 6 months – 362.8 BAU/ml, then the number of antibodies decreases, which indicates the importance of monitoring for class G antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at different times after vaccinations. Among the employees of the two MO, mild forms of the COVID-19 disease prevailed.

Conclusion. Thus, the high immunological effectiveness of vaccination against COVID-19 with Gam-COVID-Vac was established in a group of employees of two MO, and the need for serological monitoring for the purpose of revaccination was also shown.
Geosteering, application of synthetic logging to horizontal wellbore sections
Authors: Novitskaya E. V. , Shiryaev A. A.
Published: January 2024

This article provides an analysis of the process and optimization of horizontal wellbore tracking using geosteering control. Recently, the issue of high-quality and efficient drilling of wells through the reservoir and determining the position of the wellbore in the formations has been raised. In this regard, complex data analysis is used based on a 3D geological model and special software for well geosteering. In preparation for drilling a well, it is necessary to prepare voluminous, comprehensive information on previously drilled wells in a particular field and upload the results of seismic surveys. The article also describes an analysis of activities at various stages of drilling support, starting with geophysical reference and opening the target formation with the transport section.

                When drilling a horizontal section of a well, geosteering software is used while drilling wells, equipped with various tools, one of which is the 2D synthetic logging method. The method is based on the superposition of logging curves of a previously drilled reference vertical well and a directional well with a horizontal end currently being drilled. The two-dimensional synthetic logging method is the main and most optimal way to optimize the placement of wells with horizontal completion when drilling terrigenous reservoirs in Western Siberia.
Reading Difficulties Faced by Dyslexic Learners of English: an Exploratory Study at Govt. Special Education Center, Ahmad Pur Sial Jhang
Authors: Rehman Naveed Ur , Shah Manaf Ali
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on discerning the reading barriers faced by dyslexic English learners at Ahmad Pur Sial, Special Education Center in Jhang, employing a qualitative methodology. The study selects students in the first and second grades of the Govt. Special Education Centre in A.P. Sial, Jhang. Data collection methods include on-site observation and semi-structured interviews conducted with two female teachers and the principal. The outcomes of the research unveil diverse reading challenges facing dyslexic learners, encompassing phonological dyslexia, visual dyslexia, dysphonic dyslexia, rapid naming deficit, and double deficit. The study underscores significant implications for the effective pedagogy of special children within educational institutions.
Karakteristik Madu Kelulut (Heterotrigona itama) dari Hutan Adat Ghimbo Pomuan Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Eni Suhesti  , Hadinoto Hadinoto , Suwarno Eno
Published: January 2024

Information about the characteristics of honey on the market, including kelulut honey, is not widely known by consumers, even though the characteristics or quality of honey that meet quality standards is very important for consumers. This study aims to 1) test the characteristics of kelulut honey (Heterotrigona itama) from Ghimbo Pomuan Customary Forest, Kampar Regency, 2) compare the characteristic parameters of kelulut honey with standard values in SNI 8664-2018. The procedure for testing the characteristics of honey refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8664─2018. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the characteristics of kelulut honey in the study had a distinctive smell and taste of honey, enzyme activity above 0 DN, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) <0.0015 mg/kg, water content 29% w/w, reducing sugar 54.27% w/w, sucrose 1.31% w/w, acidity 201.91 mL NaOH/kg, water-insoluble solids 0.04% w/w, ash 0.30% w/w, lead contamination (Pb) 0.71 mg/w kg, and cadmium (Cd) contamination <0.16 mg/kg. Variable characteristics of kelulut honey that meet the quality incision values of SNI 8664─2018, namely HMF, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, ash, lead metal and cadmium metal contamination. The characteristic variables that do not meet the quality requirements are the activity of enzymes above, reducing sugars, water content, and acidity.
EcoLinguistic Insights in Nias Village Name: Unravelling the Dynamic Bond Between Language and Environment
Authors: Hadi Wisman , Mulyono Mulyono
Published: January 2024

Ecological structures hold profound significance in the identification and naming of localities within Nias villages. This significance underscores the dynamic bond between language and the environment, forming a foundational aspect of the local ethnicity. This study endeavors to delve into the ecological significance that underpins the naming of Nias villages, elucidating the intricate connection between language and the environment upon which village names are founded. In pursuit of this objective, the research engages with a purposive sample of 20 informants, representing 151 localities within Nias. Through in-depth interviews, valuable insights are gathered and transcribed to constitute the research data. Employing a descriptive qualitative design, the study leverages a semantic representation protocol to categorize data according to the ecological units embedded in the village names. The investigation's findings reveal that the Nias villages predominantly employ the Nias language lexicon. Notably, 55 villages incorporate the lexicon "hili" denoting 'hill or mountain,' such as "Hilimbana" ('hill-kapuk tree') and "Hiliweto Gela" ('hill-bees'). Additionally, the names incorporate ecological elements such as vegetation, rivers, animals, equipment, events, supernatural objects, and numbers. These names reflect the deep integration of ecological elements into the local community's cultural identity and highlight the rich ecological diversity of the region. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural and ecological connections in village names for the preservation of Nias Regency's heritage and the promotion of ecological awareness. Further research avenues include exploring the socio-cultural significance of village names and investigating the impact of language on environmental conservation efforts. Understanding the intricate relationship between language, culture, and the environment is crucial for sustainable development and the preservation of cultural and ecological heritage in Nias Regency.
The Allure of Bunin
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics (Moscow), Khachaturian Liubov’ Valerievna
Published: January 2024

[Review:] Literatura russkogo zarubezh’ia, 1920–1940. Pisatel’ v literaturnom protsesse (k 150- letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia I. A. Bunina). M.: IMLI RAN, 2022. 976 s.
ARMENIAN CHILDREN’S FICTION IN “HASKER” AND “AGHBYUR” MAGAZINES DURING WORLD WAR I
Authors:   Vanadzor State University after H. Tumanyan (Vanadzor, Republic of Armenia), Danielyan Taron , Baburyan Hermine ,   Vanadzor State University after H. Tumanyan (Vanadzor, Republic of Armenia), Barseghyan Svetlana ,   Vanadzor State University after H. Tumanyan (Vanadzor, Republic of Armenia)
Published: January 2024

The given article is the first study of the Armenian children’s literature on the military theme, presented in the Armenian children’s and youth periodicals of Tiflis in 1914–1918. The similarities and differences between the children’s literature on these topics and the artistic reflection of the war in the magazines “Aghbyur” (“Source”) and “Hasker” (“Spikes”) are revealed. In the course of the analysis it has been disclosed that during World War I, military topics did not become dominant from a quantitative point of view, but materials of different genres and formats on the military topic were published in each issue of the magazines. Of the 258 pieces of fiction published in the Armenian children’s magazines “Aghbyur” and “Hasker”, 78 pieces (29.4 %) were on the topic of war. Along with this, we analyzed three chronotopic positions associated with the continuum of the surrounding reality: the Armenian environment, the environment of the Russian Empire and the foreign environment. The content and ideological emphases of the published works on the military theme were aimed at developing patriotic and humanistic feelings in children. However, the genocide of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire has left a mark on the nature of the perception of patriotism: the preservation of the historical homeland of the Armenian people in the memory of the new generation and the hope of returning back to their native lands.
BAD MEMORY OR GOOD STORY? (ABOUT THE WORK OF M. A. GERSHENZON)
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Maslinskaya Svetlana
Published: January 2024

A project to create Soviet historical fiction for children at the turn of the 1920s-1930s was closely connected with the tasks of creating a single historical narrative, addressed to adults and designed to present the victory of Soviet power as a natural result of all previous stages of the class struggle. Children’s literature had to be part of this narrative. One of those who participated in the production of historical works for children was the writer, translator and editor of Detgiz Mikhail Abramovich Gershenzon. The article examines his contribution to the development of the formalist idea about the impossibility of creating a holistic historical concept of the past in the literature. In Gershenzon’s works, this idea is demonstrated through the destructive power of montage as a compositional device, the subjective reassembly of events at the moment of their textual embodiment, and the rhetorical corrosion of historical narrative. At the same time, Mikhail Gershenzon was one of the first to demonstrate the limitations of using human memory as a historical source, the vulnerability of hope, by turning to the memories of eyewitnesses of historical events, to obtain reliable information “first-hand”. By linking the literary representation of oblivion with the construction of a historical narrative, Mikhail Gershenzon revised the very claim to create the only correct world history in literature for children.
RETURN TO THE FUTURE: HISTORICAL FICTION IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE OF THE RUSSIAN EMIGRATION IN 1920–1939
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Dimianenko Anna
Published: January 2024

The article analyses the representation of the historical past in Russian-language literature for children published in Europe from 1920 to 1939. Emigration from Russia after 1917 proclaimed the main task of its existence as preparation for return. By 1924, according to researchers’ estimates, about 18–20 thousand Russian-speaking children had left Russia, whose families planned to return in the near future. Prior to the potential realisation of this task, the emigrant community strove at all costs to prevent the cultural assimilation of the younger generation abroad. Maintaining and preserving Russian culture for the younger generation was suggested through language, literature, and education. The idea of future return and images associated with the native culture are formed from the emigrants’ perceptions of the only reality understandable to them — the past of the abandoned Russia. On the material of historical fiction for children, published in emigration for the first time in 1920–1939, and reprints of pre-revolutionary texts, we analyse the changes in emigrants’ works of the object of historical knowledge: the shift of focus from historical events and biographies of historical personalities to the history of individual everyday life.
MELODRAMA IN CONTEMPORARY YOUNG ADULT (YA) PROSE ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST: MAKING AN EMPATHETIC READER
Authors:   Illinois Wesleyan University, Balina Marina
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to issues of empathetic reader formation in YA prose about the Holocaust. These texts’ emotional impact has often been seen as additional and less critical. In the last decade, there has been a significant shift in the appreciation of children’s literature about the Holocaust as a tool for creating and cultivating empathy as a basis for creating a society in which sympathy and empathy become an essential part of everyday existence. This empathetic connection between the reader and the character in a literary work, understanding the behavior of one’s hero/heroine in extreme circumstances, and practicing empathy should become a new school of emotional maturation. Using the examples of novels by Dutch author Peter van Gestel and American writer R. J. Palacio, the article analyzes the stages by which narrative empathy is formed — from cognitive, empathy, based on knowledge of historical facts, to emotional empathy, which arises as the reader identifies with literary characters situated in a specific historical context. The characters’ personal history is described in the mode of melodramatic writing as a way of depicting a private, intimate space, creating an alternative model to describe the great cataclysms of the world around the young reader.
BACK TO THE USSR, OR GAMES OF QUASI-HISTORICAL IMAGINATION: FICTITIOUS LATE SOVIET CHILDHOOD IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN POPULAR CULTURE
Authors:   The Patria Center for History and Culture, Korolev Cyril M.
Published: January 2024

At the turn of the 2010s, one more plot, which implies the physical movement of the protagonist back in time in order to change the past, has begun to be actively developed in modern Russian science fiction — a return to the USSR, and not to the years of the Great Patriotic War, where the first authors of current alternative science fiction sent their heroes, but to the much more peaceful years of “zastoy”, in the late Soviet Union of Brezhnev times. In many works, the hero, during such a transfer, ends up in a child’s body and thereby is forced to live through late Soviet childhood — the way the author depicts it. In most works of this kind, this late-Soviet childhood is endowed with unconditionally positive characteristics, and this circumstance prompts an attempt to study the social basis of such works: one can often come across the opinion that such an interpretation implies a collective, albeit commercialized, nostalgia, but, given that the authors of these works, as a rule, already belong to the post-Soviet generation, other mechanisms of commemoration seem to be at work here. Using the methodology of memory studies, the article substantiates the need for closer research attention to the products of modern popular culture as potentially effective ways of imagining the past.
THE STORY OF “THE ROMANTIC TRIP” BY ARKADY GAIDAR AND HIS TALE ABOUT MAGNIT MOUNTAIN
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Technical University (NMSTU), Rozhkova Tatiana
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the selected stories by Nikolai Bogdanov which is called “Gaidar at the Magnit mountain” (1965). By order of RAPP in 1930s Nikolai Bogdanov was working in Magnitka when he met Arkady Gaidar in winter 1931. Arkady Gaidar had been sent to Magnitostroy as a correspondent to the radio paper “Proletariy”. Working with the selected memoir stories that were published at the anniversary of a child writer gives us an opportunity to come back to the one little-known fact in his biography. The article reconstructs the trip and specifies the period of stay in Magnitogorsk. Due to the fact that radio materials that were prepared by Arkady Gaidar are not found, the tale which was told to the children at Atach mountain and which was then published in Nikolai Bogdanov’s collection is still the only story inspired by Magnitka. Its content to this day defines the image of the place, perceived as a text with obvious folkloric roots, as an accidentally found evidence of the archaic history of these places. The analysis of the tale of woe in the article takes into account the late publication of the text, possible editorial revisions on the part of time, memory and artistic objectives of the publisher. The author of the article proposes to focus on the external factors of its appearance, on the cultural and historical conditions in which the text was created. The materials of regional literature give an opportunity to notice the connection of the plot of Arkady Gaidar’s tale with contemporary and subsequent literary interpretations of the place.
THE ENLIGHTENING HERO AND CHANGING MODELS OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN SOVIET CHILDREN’S NONFICTION LITERATURE OF THE 1920S
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Kazakova Elena
Published: January 2024

This article examines the texts of children’s popular science literature, actively published in the first decades of the Soviet Union, the structure of which includes educational plots — situations of teaching, instruction, transfer of knowledge from one character to another. The image of an educator character with expert knowledge is highlighted, and a typology of such characters by age and source of expertise is proposed. The “young educator” is defined as a representative of the new Soviet society with a scientific consciousness, the source of expertise of which is study, and the “old educator” is defined as a person who is experienced rather than educated. The audience of educators can be represented by children and adults separately, or be mixed. Its differentiating characteristics are also determined by age: children are described through emphasizing their curiosity and receptivity to new knowledge, and adults, on the contrary, through resistance to enlightenment. It is shown that educational intentions can come from both an adult educator addressed to a children’s audience, and from a young educator addressed to an older audience. The relationship between the educator and the enlightened in a parent/child pair and in an uncle/nephew pair is also examined; it is revealed that the second type is portrayed in the literature as a more successful educational tandem due to the absence of subordination relations. The relationship between an adult and a child is conceptualized through the prism of the theory of cultural exchange and the theory of child agency. The significance of the role of the educator in a changing social context and the role of the agentic child, who is instructed not only to become an enlightened and active person of a new type, but also to engage in education in his immediate environment, is summarized.
RESEARCH IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN PORTUGAL: AN OVERVIEW OF JOURNALS AND PROJECTS
Authors:   University of Aveiro, Portugal, Costa Inês , Ramos Ana Margarida ,   University of Aveiro, Portugal
Published: January 2024

This paper provides an overview of the current state of research and critical reception of children’s literature in Portugal. It aims at listing and briefly describing academic journals, research centres, projects and other initiatives dedicated to children’s literature research that have emerged in Portugal since the beginning of the 21st century.
RUSSIAN HISTORY IN PICTURES FOR THE PEOPLE AND CHILDREN: SEARCH FOR A NEW STORY ABOUT THE PAST (1860S–1880S)
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Urushadze Amiran
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the first multi-circulation illustrated historical editions, which were intended for the people and children. These editions were albums of several dozen pictures with concise textual explanations. Most of the editions under consideration could be used in different formats: both as a single row of pictures and in a disassembled into separate illustrations. The authors and publishers expected their projects to be popular among the general public and also envisaged the possibility of using them as visual aids for history at school. The Ministry of Public Education supported the publication and distribution of illustrated historical editions, which significantly expanded the number of consumers of historical literature. The censors of the Ministry of Public Education directly participated in the selection of historical subjects. The article considers the peculiarities of the relationship between publishers and censors. Illustrated historical editions, which were published in the era of the Great Reforms, influenced the formation of the visual canon of Russian history. Many stories became canonical, and historical illustration became a mandatory component of textbooks and popular publications.
Communication Strategies in the Fast Food Industry in Romania
Authors: Balasescu Marius
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the existing technologies and means of mechanization of melon and cucumber seeds, which showed that the imperfection of existing equipment is, first of all, the lack of necessary specialized machines and leads to unacceptable rates of loss and clogging of seeds. The research projects were carried out to study the mechanical and technological properties of placenta particles and seeds of melon and cucumber, the results of which were used to theoretically substantiate the process of obtaining seeds. Experimental studies of the technological process of obtaining seeds for these crops, as well as their analysis, made it possible to substantiate the boundaries of the main operating modes of the new complex of machines.
Anti-Money Laundering in The Romanian Banking System
Authors: Laptes Ramona
Published: January 2024

Because today, the laundering of money from illegal activities is performed mainly through the banking system, governments have developed Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance programs. Their implementation proves complicated and expensive, which is why many banks are sanctioned by the authorities with historic fines. In Romania, starting in 2019, the supervision process of financial banking institutions in the area of preventing and combating money laundering and terrorist financing has intensified, with the National Bank of Romania sanctioning some banks for their insufficient involvement and compliance in the direction of combating money laundering.
On "False Friends" in the Field of Economics
Authors: Armasar Ioana Paula
Published: January 2024

“False friends” or bilingual homophones/homographs are words existing in two or more languages, sounding alike but differing significantly in meaning. They present a language learning challenge due to the inevitable confusion resulting from word migrations and similarities in sound and meaning. Coined in 1928, the term continues to fuel linguistic research, addressing comprehension confusions in the process of language acquisition. The reciprocal influences of languages, especially through neological borrowings, lead to divergent meanings in the target language. Inexperienced users may misuse these words due to homonymy. In economics, initially influenced by French borrowings, there is a substantial influx of terms from British or American English, driven by the need for precise terminology for new extralinguistic realities. This paper, drawing from teaching practice, provides brief examples and suggests strategies to navigate confusion related to translating „false friends,” emphasizing specific learning techniques and the use of online bilingual dictionaries.
Schengen Membership - A Door for Emigration? Lessons from the 2007 Enlargement
Authors: Dinca Dragos
Published: January 2024

The Schengen project is one of Europe’s most important accomplishments as it facilitates the free movement of goods and people. Currently, Romania and Bulgaria are on the verge of obtaining their Schengen membership and, to our knowledge, not enough emphasis has been placed on the emigration and labour market implications for aspiring candidates. This research aims to empirically evaluate the liaison between Schengen Area and labour migration. To achieve this objective, we construct a difference-in-differences research design using data from the European Labour Force Survey. The treatment is represented by the Schengen enlargement of 2007 with Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia constructing the treatment group and Romania and Bulgaria the control group. The main results show that Schengen Membership led to an increased probability of working abroad one year after treatment occurred, as well as three years after treatment occurred. Also, we can identify the demographic category most likely to emigrate as young males in search of seasonal full-time jobs