bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Ammonia Inhalants in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature Regarding the Benefits, Risks, and Efficacy
Authors: Malecek Jan , Tufano James J.
Published: April 2021

Ammonium inhalants (AIs) are used to improve athletic performance, but their use has preceded the research process. Oftentimes, strength-based athletes use AIs to postpone acute fatigue or increase arousal. Despite the widespread use of AIs, the amount of research examining its physiological effects, efficacy, and safety is low compared with other ergogenic aids that have been extensively researched. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide sports science researchers, strength and conditioning professionals, medical professionals, and other practitioners with the most up to date information about the benefits, risks, and physiological effects of AIs. To date, there is a lack of evidence to support anecdotal claims of increased cognitive arousal and greater strength performance. However, there may be a short-term effect of AIs on the cardiorespiratory system (possibly increasing breathing rate and heart rate approximately 15–30 seconds), but further research is needed to support these findings and to determine how the short-term cardiorespiratory effects may affect other physiological and performance measures. Finally, although evidence does not indicate that AIs are dangerous in healthy populations, sport and health professionals should be aware of the potential risks of AIs to prevent any unlikely, but possible, difficulties.
Gestión de la innovación en las instituciones de educación superior (IES)
Authors: Gárnica Estrada Evelyn , Franco Calderón José	Alejandro
Published: April 2021

La innovación en las instituciones de educación superior hace parte de su quehacer científico, tecnológico y humanista. Es un proceso dinámico y transformador que, al ser gestionado con una estructura definida, sirve de apoyo a las iniciativas académicas y de investigación, fomenta la generación y gestión de conocimiento y, en esta vía, aporta al sistema nacional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. El presente artículo presenta tres procesos generales (directivo, académico y administrativo) que deben coexistir para que la innovación sea un elemento orgánico en los procesos académicos y funcionales de las instituciones. Las innovaciones en docencia, investigación e infraestructura se alinean con las de carácter administrativo, lo que refleja una correlación entre todas las áreas de la institución y evidencia que la innovación no es unidireccional, pues se puede implementar de forma integral.
Physically Activated Agricultural Waste Biochars for Production of Pollutant Adsorbents
Authors: Despina Vamvuka  , EvangelosMachairas  , Stelios Sfakiotakis  , Olga Pantelaki
Published: April 2021

Various nut residues from agricultural production were investigated for their potential to be used as active carbons. Raw materials were pyrolyzed in a fixed bed unit and subsequently gasified by steam or carbon dioxide at different temperatures and duration of heat treatment. Biochars were characterized by physical and chemical analyses with respect to temperature and gasifying agents. Organic and mineral matter, elemental composition, structural characteristics, and surface functional groups were determined. Activation by steam presented a higher reactivity than carbon dioxide, reduced the yield of biochars, consumed more oxygen organic functional groups, favoured pore enlargement at high temperature, and increased the specific surface area (maximum 1257 m2/g) of pyrolyzed materials by 1.4 to 3.8 fold. Activation by carbon dioxide disrupted the hydrogen char structure, favoured microporosity, and increased the specific surface area (maximum 637 m2/g) of pyrolyzed materials by 1.8 to 3 fold. Gasified biochars at a high temperature were highly carbonized and exhibited aromatic structures, especially under steam activation.
La odontología digital en rehabilitación oral
Authors: Piza Pellizzer Eduardo , De Luna Gomes Jessica Marcela
Published: April 2021

El auge de la odontología digital simplificó la confección de infraestructuras, y permitió el uso de diferentes materiales (cerámicas, metal, cera, entre otros), confeccionando prótesis en menos tiempo y asegurando la precisión de la interfaz entre la corona y la preparación dental o entre el implante y la prótesis 1,2. Los sistemas CAD-CAM (Computer-aided Design and Computer-aided Manufacturing) se utilizan en rehabilitaciones extensas (prótesis híbridas, sobredentaduras, prótesis totales y removibles), parciales (prótesis fijas sobre dientes o implantes) y prótesis unitarias, así como auxiliar en la planificación de la rehabilitación y cirugía, placas oclusales, confección de modelos, entre otros. Los sistemas CAD-CAM se pueden subdividir en: intra y extraorales (escáner de mesa), o también con relación a la disponibilidad en la manipulación del archivo digital (stl.): sistemas cerrados (escaneo y fresado de la misma empresa) y sistemas abiertos (escaneo y fresado/impresión independiente).
Recomendaciones para el retorno a las actividades clínicas de estudiantes de Odontología durante pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Sihuay-Torres María Ximena , Meza-Vasquez Gina Lisseth , Sihuay-Torres Kamila
Published: April 2021

Sr. Editor.Debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, las universidades dejaron de tener clases presenciales para pasar a la virtualidad. Sin embargo, carreras profesionales como Odontología se han visto afectadas, ya que la educación presencial y clínica es fundamental para su adecuado aprendizaje. Se sabe que los odontólogos son los profesionales de salud más expuestos a este nuevo virus debido al contacto directo con la saliva 1. Por este motivo, es muy importante tener en cuenta algunas consideraciones y recomendaciones para los nuevos protocolos e infraestructura que debe tener una clínica odontológica universitaria.
Desarrollo de una técnica de PCR para la detección de Fowl adenovirus 4 (FADV-4) en muestras de tejidos
Authors: Chávez-Montenegro Víctor , Longa-Bobadilla Vladimir , Ormeño-Vásquez Phillip , Tataje Lavanda Luis , Fernández Díaz Manolo
Published: April 2021

Es importante contar con una técnica de PCR capaz de detectar adenovirus aviar 4 con una alta sensibilidad y precisión en cultivos celulares y muestras de origen aviar. En el presente trabajo se estandarizó una técnica de PCR. Primero se procedió a la preparación del Material de Referencia Interna (M.R.I.), usando el cultivo celular en células EB66, infectado FAdV-4; luego se purificó el virus, se extrajo el ADN y se cuantificó el amplicón. Finalmente se procedió a realizar la prueba de la gradiente de temperatura, prueba de concentración de cebadores, prueba de sensibilidad y prueba de especificidad utilizando el kit de PCR Q5® High-Fidelity 2X Master. De los cinco cebadores utilizados, los cebadores HHS*-3 y HHS*-4 pasaron todas las pruebas, siendo HHS*-3 el más sensible ya que detectó hasta 1 pg/µl.
Infestación por Toxocara cati en un ejemplar de Leopardus pardalis en Colombia: reporte de caso
Authors: Muñoz-Rodriguez Fabián Andrés , Ramírez Gutiérrez Samir , Doria Pérez Lilibeth , Cala-Delgado Daniel Leonardo
Published: April 2021

Se presenta el caso de un espécimen de Leopardus pardalis, macho y peso de 15.6 kg, hallado con descomposición parcial en una vía del sector rural del municipio de Arauca, Colombia. En la necropsia se encontraron 36 formas parasitarias de nematodos, con una longitud aproximada de 3.4 cm, las cuales fueron identificadas como Toxocara cati por la presencia de aletas laterales en el extremo cervical, presencia de tres labios y de una cutícula anillada. Este es el primer reporte en Colombia de la especie parasitaria en este felino silvestre, indicando que la especie L. pardalis puede ser potencial portador y diseminador de T. cati.
Frecuencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos de tres distritos de la Región Ancash, Perú
Authors: Ninamancco C. Adhelí Del Carmen , Pinedo V. Rosa , Chávez V. Amanda
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos de tres distritos de la Región Ancash, Perú, así como evaluar su asociación con las variables edad (≤1 y >1 año), sexo y distrito de procedencia (Caraz, Pampas, Yungay). Además, establecer el promedio de carga parasitaria e identificar los géneros y especies presentes. Se colectaron muestras de heces de 540 ovinos durante agosto a setiembre de 2017. Los animales no habían sido tratados con antihelmínticos en los últimos tres meses. Se emplearon las técnicas de flotación con solución de Sheather y McMaster Modificado para exámenes fecales cualitativos y cuantitativos, respectivamente; así como las técnicas de Corticelli y Lai Modificado y la Técnica de Baermann para el cultivo e identificación de larvas de nematodos, respectivamente. La frecuencia de animales positivos a nematodos fue de 79.1%. La prueba de Chi cuadrado no mostró asociación significativa entre la frecuencia de nemátodos y las variables edad, sexo y procedencia. Los promedios geométricos de la carga parasitaria en ovinos positivos a huevos tipo Strongylus (HTS) y Nematodirus sp fueron de 190 y 29 huevos por gramo de heces, respectivamente; considerándose cargas bajas. Los nematodos más frecuentes fueron Trichostrongylus sp (80.4%), Haemonchus contortus (11.4%) y Oesophagostomum sp (8.2%).
Estudio comparativo de la ultrasonografía abdominal en felinos menores sudamericanos en cautiverio
Authors: Grandez R. Ricardo , Romero Z. Celeste , Muñoz D. Karina , Hermoza G. Catalina
Published: April 2021

Se describió la topografía, morfología, ecotextura, ecogenicidad y arquitectura de los órganos abdominales de cuatro especies de felinos silvestres nativos del Perú mediante ultrasonografía para generar parámetros ecográficos en los felinos menores y obtener medidas comparativas entre estas especies. Los felinos se encontraban en un zoológico de Lima, Perú: dos ocelotes (Leopardus pardalis), dos oncillas (L. tigrinus), tres margay (L. wiedii) y cuatro gatos de pajonal (L. colocolo). Se utilizó un equipo de ultrasonido Esaote modelo MyLab One Vet con transductor convexo SC3123. Las características de los órganos abdominales de las especies estudiadas fueron similares en ubicación, forma, ecogenicidad y ecotextura a los descritas previamente en margay y felinos domésticos. Las dimensiones de los órganos presentaron una variación de acuerdo con el tamaño de cada especie; siendo mayores en el ocelote, seguido por el margay, el gato de pajonal, y finalmente la oncilla.
Aspectos culturales en el manejo de enfermedades de bovinos en un distrito amazónico del Perú
Authors: Cubillas Elizabeth , León Daphne , Falcón Néstor
Published: April 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar aspectos culturales en el manejo de enfermedades que afectan la salud del ganado bovino entre los ganaderías del distrito de Aguaytía – Ucayali. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas a ganaderos y comercializadores de productos veterinarios de la zona siguiendo un guión de preguntas previamente validadas. Adicionalmente, se solicitó al Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), información acerca de las enfermedades notificadas en la región durante los últimos dos años. La descripción del manejo de los aspectos sanitarios se obtuvo a partir de la valoración realizada por los entrevistados. La rabia, carbunco y parasitosis fueron las enfermedades reconocidas como más frecuentes en la zona de estudio. Los ganaderos reconocen los principales signos clínicos compatibles con las principales enfermedades, por lo que no recurren a los servicios de médicos veterinarios independientes o del SENASA para su confirmación. Esto ha promovido la medicación y venta de productos farmacológicos sin prescripción veterinaria. El SENASA fue requierido principalmente para el cumplimiento de las campañas de los programas de enfermedades bajo vigilancia oficial, como la rabia y carbunco. El estudio ofrece información preliminar acerca de de los aspectos culturales del manejo sanitario de los bovinos en la región que pueden ser utilizados como base para proponer futuros estudios y programas de desarrollo de esta actividad productiva en la región.
Effect of Al, Cr, Mo, Zr, Si, and C on the temperature ranges of hardening of multicomponent niobium-based alloys
Authors:   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Brodnikovskyy M. P. , Kulakov A. S. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Krapivka M. O. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Zubets U. E. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Brodnikovskyy D. M. ,   Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine
Published: April 2021

The effect of alloying and the strain rate on the occurrence and features of the manifestation of temperature ranges in which the strengthening of niobium alloys doped with Ti, Al, Cr, Mo, Zr, Si, C occurs was studied. It was found that in multicomponent solid solutions based on niobium up to sufficiently high temperatures more efficient hardening is provided than in precipitation hardened carbide alloys. It is shown that in multicomponent niobium alloys, which are a solid solution, the selection of alloying can be used to control the manifestation of a high-temperature hardening peak in a wide range. It is possible to change the temperature range of the peak manifestation, its height, sensitivity to the strain rate. The appearance of a high-temperature hardening peak is explained by the loss of stability of the multicomponent solid solution upon deformation in the dislocation field, which leads to the precipitation of dispersed particles of the second phase that pin the dislocations. Keywords: multicomponent niobium alloys, structure, temperature dependence of strength.
Predictive Value of Clinician “Gestalt” in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Gao Hans M. , Ambroggio Lilliam , Shah Samir S. , Ruddy Richard M. , Florin Todd A.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES:

Validated prognostic tools for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) do not exist. Thus, clinicians rely on “gestalt” in management decisions for children with CAP. We sought to determine the ability of clinician gestalt to predict severe outcomes.

METHODS:

We performed a prospective cohort study of children 3 months to 18 years old presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with lower respiratory infection and receiving a chest radiograph for suspected CAP from 2013 to 2017. Clinicians reported the probability that the patient would develop severe complications of CAP (defined as respiratory failure, empyema or effusion, lung abscess or necrosis, metastatic infection, sepsis or septic shock, or death). The primary outcome was development of severe complications.

RESULTS:

Of 634 children, 37 (5.8%) developed severe complications. Of children developing severe complications after the ED visit, 62.1% were predicted as having <10% risk by the ED clinician. Sensitivity was >90% at the <1% predicted risk threshold, whereas specificity was >90% at the 10% risk threshold. Gestalt performance was poor in the low-intermediate predicted risk category (1%–10%). Clinicians had only fair ability to discriminate children developing complications from those who did not (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.747), with worse performance from less experienced clinicians (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve 0.693).

CONCLUSIONS:

Clinicians have only fair ability to discriminate children with CAP who develop severe complications from those who do not. Clinician gestalt performs best at very low or higher predicted risk thresholds, yet many children fall in the low-moderate predicted risk range in which clinician gestalt is limited. Evidence-based prognostic tools likely can improve on clinician gestalt, particularly when risk is low-moderate.
An assessment of Christian institutions of care and medicalization in Late Antiquity
Authors: Matzenbacher Zampietro Júlio
Published: April 2021

Christian institutions of care, particularly those related to healthcare and the care of the poor, are believed by some scholars to be one of the most important causes for the spread of Christianity in Late Antiquity. However, historiography pertaining to the medicalization of these institutions is scant, and often scholars are at odds with one another regarding key points on the topic. In this article we review the most important positions, as well as give our own take on the topic, through the analysis of written and archaeological evidence. We have found that most of these institutions were not medicalized, and that those that were did not show any clear signs of following traditional ancient medical sects. We conclude that these institutions can mostly be considered important in Christian expansion by their care for, and not by their cure of, of the poor.
Depois do golpe
Authors: Santos Oliveira Hebert
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo traça o cenário pós-golpe civil-militar de 1964, analisando as primeiras ações empreendidas pelos militares do Comando Supremo da Revolução para conter o que eles chamavam de “subversão comunista” no País, especialmente com a implementação da medida autoritária chamado de Ato Institucional n.º 1, em abril de 1964. Buscamos compreender como essas medidas repressivas se consolidaram na prática no estado da Bahia, através das instaurações de Inquéritos Policiais-Militares (IPMs) que objetivavam promover uma devassa na vida de pessoas e de instituições públicas. Por fim, analisamos com maior detalhe e acuidade o baiano, advogado e professor Ivanilton Costa Santos nos autos do IPM n.º 27/64, as suas ideias, a sua relação com a esquerda, em especial o nacionalismo e seu pensamento sobre o País. Portanto, percebemos que as perseguições e o modos operandi militar foi significativo no interior baiano e também em pessoas comuns que, neste caso específico, não tinham qualquer relação com o “comunismo” ou “atos subversivos” sustentados pelos militares.
Influence of indentation size and spacing on statistical phase analysis via high-speed nanoindentation mapping of metal alloys
Authors: Besharatloo Hossein , Wheeler Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2021

The development of high-speed nanoindentation has enabled the acquisition of mechanical property maps over square millimeters of area with micron-scale resolution in reasonable amounts of time. This provides rich datasets which contain morphological and statistical data on the variation of mechanical properties in a microstructure. However, the influences of the indentation size and the deconvolution method employed on the extracted phase properties remain unclear. In this work, a range of depth/spacing increments was explored on two different materials systems, an Al-Cu eutectic alloy and a duplex stainless steel, representing an ‘easy’ and a ‘hard’ case for statistical deconvolution, respectively. A total of ~ 500,000 indentations were performed. A variety of statistical analyses were then employed and compared: the 1D analysis of Ulm et al. using 2 and 3 phases, a 2D rotated Gaussian fit, K-means clustering, and a visual comparison to 2D histograms. This revealed several different sensitivities of the deconvolution methods to various types of error in phase identification.

Graphic abstract
Implementation of Raw Contract for Financing in Mandiri Syariah Bank
Authors: Sudarman Enjang
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the existence of a standard contract which is a written agreement made or provided by one party, by including various contract clauses that have been standardized by one party without giving the other party the opportunity to negotiate them. The existence of a standard contract in the sharia business world is a pros and cons among the public, especially among legal experts, because in addition to making it easier and saving time, it is also considered to be against the principles of sharia, namely persecuting other parties. The theory used in this research is that the grand theory uses the rule of law theory; Middle Rangge Theory uses the Shahadah Theory from al-Syafi'i then the Social Juctice Theory; and the application theory uses a legal system supported by the theory of legal change. This study uses descriptive qualitative research, in collecting data, the authors use the method of observation, interviews and documentation using descriptive analysis to describe and describe the data obtained by using words or sentences that are separated according to the research data category in order to obtain a conclusion. The result of the research shows that the standard contract is legally valid because it has fulfilled the terms and conditions of contract in Islam which are marked by the signing of the standard contract by both parties as proof that both parties are equally pleased.
Plant-Based Mediation Contribution to the Settlement of Cases at the Court
Authors: Mustopa Abdul
Published: April 2021

Mediation is one of the stages in the trial process. Mediation must be carried out by the parties, who are disputing civil cases in all areas of the judiciary. Mediation is a law, as the State of Indonesia is a state based on law. Article 1 of the 1945 Constitution is a constitution that regulates the form of the state of Indonesia as a constitutional state. The contribution of offline and online-based mediation to the settlement of cases in the regional courts of the Mataram Religious High Court when combined, the two seem to be insignificant in resolving cases, both offline and online mediation. The low level of success is due to the mediator factor and the factor of justice seekers. The mediator factor is assessed due to the lack of ability (skills) of the mediator, the mediator only carries out mediation according to formal legal principles, the mediator does not master role knowledge, communication science, family psychology which results in rigidity in carrying out mediation, if the mediator has multiple disciplines, of course it will spawn. better results of the implementation of mediation. The justice seeker factor is judged due to the lack of seriousness in participating in a mediation forum led by a mediator and each of them has adhered to its principles.
La metafísica y el agujero de la política: el sentido de la topología, entre Lacan y Heidegger
Authors: Cattaneo Gianfranco
Published: April 2021

Resumen Tomando como motivo una conjetura de Lacan dirigida a Heidegger, referida a lo que sería la metafísica y lo que determinaría su historia y sus efectos, el presente trabajo pretende poner en relación la topología lacaniana y la topología heideggeriana. Ahí donde Lacan traduce a Heidegger, veremos que lo que asoma, y que parece haber pasado inadvertido, es la cuestión topológica del agujero y los efectos políticos que implica velarlo. En definitiva, cuando se lleva hasta sus últimas consecuencias lo que implica habitar el lenguaje, veremos que el sentido que ambos autores imprimen a su topología, luego de coincidir, diverge.
Cuerpo y símbolo en Ernst Cassirer: la función orgánica en la conformación del mundo cultural
Authors: Esparza Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Resumen En este trabajo se estudia la función del cuerpo humano y su relación con la cultura en la Filosofía de formas simbólicas de Ernst Cassirer. Según el neokantiano, la relación cuerpo-alma conforma la relación básica para el desarrollo de la “Fenomenología del conocimiento”, sin embargo, a través del proceso dialéctico es necesario negar la forma material para lograr la forma espiritual de la cultura por lo que la organicidad corporal, al parecer, debe anularse en esta progresión dialéctica. El objetivo es analizar y describir cómo la forma del cuerpo fundamenta el escenario mítico expresivo, pero también la fase representativa del lenguaje y la significativa de la ciencia, permitiendo la unidad en todo el proceso de la construcción del conocimiento y la forma de la cultura.
PSICOLOGIA E CISNORMATIVIDADE
Authors: Fuchs Jéssica Janine Bernhardt , Hining Ana Paula Silva , Toneli Maria Juracy Filgueiras
Published: April 2021

Resumo O objetivo neste artigo é aproximar a discussão sobre as questões de gênero que constituem o campo de saber da psicologia e as críticas dos saberes transfeministas às práticas e discursos normativos e patologizantes sobre as vivências de pessoas trans. Utiliza-se para tal análise as noções de cisgeneridade, como forma de nomear um lugar a partir do qual as identidades trans são enunciadas, e da cisnormatividade como dispositivo que regula e determina sentidos de coerência para os processos de constituição de gênero. Esses conceitos funcionam como operadores analíticos e políticos que fazem contraponto à naturalização da cisgeneridade como pressuposto fundante das verdades do gênero e dos modos de subjetivação. Problematiza-se, portanto, como a psicologia participa dos arranjos cisnormativos relacionados aos modos de reconhecimento das pessoas trans e às possibilidades de enunciação sobre suas vivências.
PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE INTERVENÇÕES GRUPAIS COM HOMENS AUTORES DE VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES
Authors: Oliveira Juliana de , Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: April 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as percepções sobre a participação em grupo reflexivo voltado a autores de violência contra as mulheres. Participaram 20 homens encaminhados pela vara de violência doméstica de uma região administrativa do Distrito Federal a um serviço voltado a essa clientela. A partir de entrevistas pré e pós-grupo e da análise pelo modelo bioecológico, o grupo apresentou-se como lugar de acolhimento e escuta para o homem, além de importante ferramenta na desconstrução de ideias legitimadoras da violência e de um modelo de masculinidade hegemônico, heteronormativo e rígido. O grupo mostrou-se importante na construção de novas formas de subjetivação, socialização e sociabilidade masculinas para possíveis ressignificações de suas trajetórias. Os homens perceberam a participação como positiva e notou-se mudanças nos discursos sobre violência, relações conjugais, Lei Maria da Penha e em relação ao próprio engajamento no grupo reflexivo.
PATERNIDADE EM TRANSFORMAÇÃO NOS LIVROS DE AUTOAJUDA
Authors: Saraiva Karla
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo visa a problematizar a produção da paternidade em um conjunto de livros de autoajuda composto por uma obra publicada originalmente na França, em 1946, e por duas outras publicadas no século 21, mostrando os deslocamentos e inflexões que aparecem nesses materiais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma análise discursiva de cunho pós-estruturalista. As análises indicam que enquanto a obra de meados do século 20 tem por objetivo apresentar princípios educacionais voltados para a formação de sujeitos obedientes, ordeiros e com valores morais tradicionais, aquelas do início do século 21 exortam os pais a realizarem uma transformação de si que os tornem capazes de exercer uma paternidade que produza filhos felizes e bem-sucedidos.
Timely loss recognition in Brazilian firms under corruption investigation
Authors: Rocha Silvia Pereira da , Bezerra Francisco Antonio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT This article evaluates the impact of the disclosure of the participation of Brazilian firms listed on the Bolsa Brasil Balcão (B3) in corruption scandals through media scrutiny and by disclosure of independent auditors on the quality of accounting information, measured from the perspective of accounting conservatism. We examine the possible theoretical link between the disclosure of corruption scandals and the quality of accounting information in the Brazilian context. Brazil has gone through successive corruption scandals involving firms and government entities in different levels. Accounting can be an important tool to mitigate said risks based on the artifacts it has to inform key stakeholders. However, it is necessary to identify the extent to which these artifacts can be influenced by the actors involved in these scandals. The research places accounting as an instrument subject to pressures from different interests and that may be shaped to them. Although accounting is an instrument that must aim to reduce information asymmetry, preventing the harmful effects of corruption, in specific contexts, it can be used in the opposite direction, such as in cases of corruption and economic crises. We used the model based on Ball and Shivakumar (2005) with specific modeling characteristics for corruption and crisis. The models were estimated using the Stata 13 software using the pooled approach using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method, clustered by year and economic sector, and the Generalized Least Squares (GSL) estimator. The results point to the presence of conservatism when disclosing involvement in investigations of corruption crimes in Brazil. This behavior was less intense in firms effectively mentioned in these events. These results highlight the relevance of studies aimed at clarifying the connections between corruption and accounting reports, enabling the development of measures to curb corruption in the business environment.
Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
Authors: Amorim Daniel Penido de Lima , Camargos Marcos Antônio de
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The market price-earnings ratios differ from those of each share. Despite allowing for several pertinent analyses, authors have rarely addressed these valuation ratios in the Brazilian context. We can use it to evaluate whether the stock market is overvalued (undervalued). In this article, we analyze the mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio based on Ibovespa and identify periods of overvaluation (undervaluation) in the Brazilian stock market. We considered the period from December 2004 to June 2018. Until then, there are no studies that sought to identify periods of overvaluation (undervaluation) in this market. In the analyses, we used non-linear econometric methods. We analyzed the mean reversion in the price-earnings ratio using a unit root test that incorporates a Fourier function in the deterministic term. We identified the periods of market overvaluation (undervaluation) through the regime probabilities obtained from a Markov Switching model, estimated with the price-earnings ratio. The results evidenced that the price-earnings ratio based on the Ibovespa has a non-linear trend and exhibits mean reversion. Thus, this valuation ratio should provide information on the future stock market returns, mostly when it is very dispersed in relation to historical standards. We identified four periods of market overvaluation interposed with five periods of market undervaluation. Mean reversion in the price-earnings ratio contraposes the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. There are no other applications of unit root tests with a Fourier function in the Brazilian context. Furthermore, adopting a Markov Switching model to identify periods of market overvaluation (undervaluation) consists of a methodological contribution. Investors can take advantage of the identification of these periods to establish investment strategies.
Risk management in the public sector: challenges in its adoption by Brazilian federal universities
Authors: Araújo Artur , Gomes Anailson Marcio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of the members of the risk committees of federal universities in Brazil regarding the challenges in the adoption of risk management in those institutions. Currently, federal universities are obliged by law to manage their risks. This is a recent process that presents them with considerable challenges, which have scarcely been explored. Studying the challenges in adopting risk management enables federal universities to gradually improve their overall management, with the aim of adopting the process in the best way possible. This study contributes to the professional and academic areas by proposing a set of actions within the operational context of the universities to improve the maturity level of the risk management of those institutions. The procedure adopted was a survey covering 68 federal universities in operation in 2019. The quantitative study was based on a questionnaire sent to the public servants on their governance, risk, and control committees, which had a 73% response rate. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and position and dispersion measures. Perception was analyzed regarding the challenges arising from the adoption of risk management, in which a lack of process mapping, the need for staff engagement and training, the emergence of divergences concerning the treatment of risk, and excess demands on staff were highlighted. The evidence indicated that risk management can guarantee and facilitate compliance with laws, regulations, norms, and standards, as well as the identification of external scenarios that can influence the occurrence of events that negatively impact not only the universities but the whole community.
Influência da aplicação de carboidrases comerciais na extração e nas características da polpa de medronho
Authors: Figueiredo Sofia Rosário , Borges Ana Raquel , Henriques Marta , Rodrigues Ivo
Published: April 2021

Resumo Os medronhos são frutos com um alto teor de açúcares (40%), antioxidantes e vitaminas, tais como vitamina C, β-caroteno, niacina, tocoferóis e ácidos orgânicos. No entanto, o rendimento de extração da polpa pelos métodos convencionais é baixo, correspondendo aproximadamente a 42%. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial uso de duas carboidrases comerciais, Viscozyme® L e Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, na extração de polpa de medronho e a sua influência nas características físico-químicas e reológicas da polpa extraída. As carboidrases foram testadas sob diferentes temperaturas (20 ºC a 25 ºC e 45 ºC), concentrações (1, 2 e 4 μL/g de fruto macerado) e tempos de reação (30 e 60 min). As mesmas condições foram aplicadas a amostras-controle sem adição de enzima. Foram determinados os rendimentos de extração (g de polpa extraída/ 100 g de fruto macerado), viscosidade aparente (a 20,0 ± 0,1 ºC), cor, acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis (°Brix) e sólidos totais das polpas obtidas. A polpa com menor viscosidade aparente (0,88 ± 0,38 Pa.s) foi obtida pela aplicação da Viscozyme® L a 4 μL/g, 45 ºC, após 30 minutos de incubação. A Pectinex® Ultra SP-L foi responsável pelo rendimento de extração de polpa mais elevado (54,9 ± 1,1%) após 30 min, quando aplicada a 2 μL/g e 45 ºC. Foi também responsável pelo maior teor de sólidos solúveis (27,3 ± 0,1 °Brix), à temperatura ambiente (20 ºC a 25 ºC) após 60 minutos para a concentração 4 μL/g. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) para as demais características físico-químicas das polpas, entre as condições testadas. A metodologia de extração de polpa assistida por carboidrases forneceu resultados promissores para a diversificação de produtos de valor acrescentado derivados do medronho, com elevado potencial de utilização na indústria alimentar (bebidas de fruta, doces e geleias, gelados, entre outros).
Effectiveness by Design: Overcoming Orientation and Transaction Related Barriers in Research-Industry Linkages
Authors: Salles-Filho Sergio , Bin Adriana , Bonilla Kleinsy , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Context: dynamic and productive linkages between research organizations (ROs) and industry are actively spurred in advanced nations. Conversely, Latin American countries face significant challenges in fostering research-industry interactions. Solid models of research-industry cooperation are of particular interest to emerging economies such as Brazil. Objective: this article aims at presenting a comprehensive study of the Brazilian Agency for Industrial Research and Innovation - Embrapii, an entity focused on addressing barriers to cooperation between research ROs and companies. Methods: data from 63 projects supported by Embrapii involving three ROs and 44 companies was collected employing four sources of primary data: two web questionnaires, interviews and technical visits. The scope of the study is based on Embrapii’s initial phase carried out during 2012-2016. Results: findings revealed that specificities of the model allow the emergence of conditions for effective research-industry cooperation. Conclusion: The Embrapii’s model contributed to overcoming both orientation-related and transaction-related barriers, resulting in positive outcomes. Expected technological results such as new products, processes, and methodologies, were achieved in the majority of projects.
Desafios cotidianos e possibilidades de cuidado com crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) frente à COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi , Speranza Marina , Mazak Mayara Soler Ramos , Gasparini Danieli Amanda , Cid Maria Fernanda Barboza
Published: April 2021

Resumo Introdução No cenário atual da COVID-19 e das consequentes medidas emergenciais para seu enfrentamento, é fundamental compreender sobre os impactos gerados por esta condição em grupos sociais que vivenciam condições específicas, como é o caso das crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Objetivos Refletir a partir de aspectos teórico-práticos sobre os desafios e as possíveis implicações da atual pandemia no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes com TEA, apresentando possibilidades de cuidado fundamentadas na Atenção Psicossocial junto a essa população e suas famílias. Método Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, elaborado com base em ações desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Estratégias de cuidado em Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil frente à pandemia da COVID-19”, na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Resultados Diferentes estratégias de cuidado frente às implicações da pandemia no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes com TEA são apresentadas e discutidas, sendo que estas envolveram a organização da rotina, intervenções informacionais, apoio à família, entre outras. Compreende-se que estas perpassaram o nível individual, assim como consideraram as demandas da família e, de forma mais ampliada, a importância do coletivo e da comunidade. Conclusão: Evidencia-se a necessidade do investimento em práticas e estudos que se pautem nas particularidades dessa população durante a pandemia, de forma a contribuir para o melhor enfrentamento da situação.
A agenda educacional do Banco Mundial em tempos de ajuste e pandemia
Authors: Pereira João Márcio Mendes
Published: April 2021

Resumo O artigo discute a agenda educacional do Banco Mundial em perspectiva histórica, questionando se ela sofreu alguma mudança devido à eclosão da contaminação pelo novo coronavírus (Sars-cov2) em escala global, responsável pela pandemia da doença denominada Covid-19. Com base na documentação da própria instituição e tomando como referência o caso brasileiro, argumenta-se que não houve mudança no seu caráter neoliberal, vigente desde a década de 1980. Ao mesmo tempo em que o Banco apoia as medidas de urgência tomadas pelos governos dos países em desenvolvimento (clientes da instituição) para amenizar os impactos da pandemia – o que necessariamente leva ao aumento do gasto público –, a instituição continua a condicionar a liberação de recursos em troca da adoção de políticas neoliberais, além de manter a primazia normativa do ajuste fiscal como base da ação dos governos desses países no pós-pandemia. Inicialmente, o artigo apresenta e problematiza as diferentes atividades realizadas pelo Banco (concessão de empréstimos, aconselhamento, assistência técnica, advocacy em favor de determinadas pautas, articulação de iniciativas multilaterais e pesquisa econômica). A seguir, analisa a evolução histórica da agenda educacional da instituição, à luz do seu programa político mais geral. Por fim, discute a atuação do Banco na educação brasileira, com base em um exame da carteira de empréstimos e em documentos estratégicos da entidade para o país, que abrangem o período 2017-20, aos quais a sua agenda educacional está subordinada.
Modification of the Epidermal Growth Factor Response by Ammonia in Renal Cell Hypertrophy
Authors: FRANCH HAROLD A.
Published: April 2021

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes proliferation in renal tubular cells but, when it is combined with transforming growth factor-β1, it causes hypertrophy by a mechanism that requires the activity of the retinoblastoma family of proteins. In contrast, ammonia causes hypertrophy by decreasing lysosomal proteolysis; in some cell types, it also decreases cellular proliferation. These studies were designed to determine whether ammonia, like transforming growth factor-β1, could convert EGF-induced hyperplasia to hypertrophy. Cultured NRK-52E cells were incubated with EGF and/or ammonia and the protein/DNA ratio was measured, as a marker of hypertrophy. Addition of ammonia to EGF-treated NRK-52E cells converted EGF-induced hyperplasia to hypertrophy, because of a decrease in DNA synthesis. The mechanism involved no change in EGF-induced protein synthesis. Inhibition of lysosomal function with a proton pump inhibitor or lysosomal protease inhibitors also converted the response of EGF-treated cells to hypertrophy. Expression of the human papilloma virus 16 E7 protein (which inactivates all members of the retinoblastoma family) prevented ammonia from converting EGF-induced hyperplasia to hypertrophy. It is concluded that ammonia converts EGF-induced hyperplasia to hypertrophy by a mechanism that involves suppression of lysosomal function and this response can be blocked by inhibiting the activity of the retinoblastoma family of proteins.
Upregulation of CD14 and CD18 on Monocytes In Vitro by Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies
Authors: NOWACK RAINER , SCHWALBE KATHARINA , FLORES-SUÁREZ LUIS-FELIPE , YARD BENITO , VAN DER WOUDE FOKKO J.
Published: April 2021

The expression of CD14, CD18, and major histocompatibility complex II on unprimed monocytes from healthy donors after incubation with IgG from patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-positive active Wegener's granulomatosis (n = 6) and microscopic polyangiitis (n = 6) in comparison with IgG from healthy controls (n = 6) was studied. Monocytes were incubated with IgG (100 μg/ml) at 37°C, and expression of antigens was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter after 18 h. Cytoplasmic ANCA (C-ANCA) IgG and perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) IgG in comparison with control IgG increased the expression of CD14 (49.2% [SD: 37, P < 0.001], and 55.8% [SD: 41, P < 0.05]) and CD18 (11.4% [SD: 18, P < 0.01] and 8% [SD: 26, P < 0.05]) but did not change the major histocompatibility complex II expression. Upregulation of CD14 started after 6 h and reached a peak after 10 to 14 h of incubation and was not inhibited by polymyxin B. F(ab)2 fragments of C- and P-ANCA IgG also increased expression of CD14 and CD18 as compared with control IgG F(ab)2, but for CD14 less than with complete IgG. ANCA IgG depleted of antiproteinase 3 and antimyeloperoxidase antibodies by immunoadsorption failed to upregulate CD14. Monoclonal murine antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase yielded a strong upregulation of CD14 when compared with an isotype control or human control IgG. The data show that CD14 and CD18 are upregulated on monocytes by C- and P-ANCA IgG in vitro, as well as by monoclonal antibodies against proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase and that this effect is not dependent on Fcγ receptor crosslinking. Upregulation of CD14 and CD18 on monocytes by ANCA suggests a pathogenetic role of ANCA monocyte interactions in systemic vasculitis.
Expression of Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Cellular Receptor RAGE in Diabetic Nephropathy and Nondiabetic Renal Disease
Authors: TANJI NOZOMU , MARKOWITZ GLEN S. , FU CAIFENG , KISLINGER THOMAS , TAGUCHI AKIHIKO , PISCHETSRIEDER MONIKA , STERN DAVID , SCHMIDT ANN MARIE , D'AGATI VIVETTE D.
Published: April 2021

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) contribute to diabetic tissue injury by two major mechanisms, i.e., the alteration of extracellular matrix architecture through nonenzymatic glycation, with formation of protein crosslinks, and the modulation of cellular functions through interactions with specific cell surface receptors, the best characterized of which is the receptor for AGE (RAGE). Recent evidence suggests that the AGE-RAGE interaction may also be promoted by inflammatory processes and oxidative cellular injury. To characterize the distributions of AGE and RAGE in diabetic kidneys and to determine their specificity for diabetic nephropathy, an immunohistochemical analysis of renal biopsies from patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 26), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n = 7), idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n = 11), focal sclerosis secondary to obesity (n = 7), and lupus nephritis (n = 11) and from normal control subjects (n = 2) was performed, using affinity-purified antibodies raised to RAGE and two subclasses of AGE, i.e., Nε
-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine (PENT). AGE were detected equally in diffuse and nodular diabetic nephropathy. CML was the major AGE detected in diabetic mesangium (96%), glomerular basement membranes (GBM) (42%), tubular basement membranes (85%), and vessel walls (96%). In diabetic nephropathy, PENT was preferentially located in interstitial collagen (90%) and was less consistently observed in vessel walls (54%), mesangium (77%), GBM (4%), and tubular basement membranes (31%). RAGE was expressed on normal podocytes and was upregulated in diabetic nephropathy. The restriction of RAGE mRNA expression to glomeruli was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis of microdissected renal tissue compartments. The extent of mesangial and GBM immunoreactivity for CML, but not PENT, was correlated with the severity of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, as assessed pathologically. CML and PENT were also identified in areas of glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in idiopathic and secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and lupus nephritis. In active lupus nephritis, CML and PENT were detected in the proliferative glomerular tufts and crescents. In conclusion, CML is a major AGE in renal basement membranes in diabetic nephropathy, and its accumulation involves upregulation of RAGE on podocytes. AGE are also accumulated in acute inflammatory glomerulonephritis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, possibly via enzymatic oxidation of glomerular matrix proteins.