bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Don’t Forget the Little Brain: A Framework for Incorporating the Cerebellum Into the Understanding of Cognitive Aging
Authors: Bernard Jessica A.
Published: November 2021

With the rapidly growing population of older adults, an improved understanding of brain and cognitive aging is critical, given the impacts on health, independence, and quality of life. To this point, we have a well-developed literature on the cortical contributions to cognition in advanced age. However, while this work has been foundational for our understanding of brain and behavior in older adults, subcortical contributions, particularly those from the cerebellum, have not been integrated into these models and frameworks. Incorporating the cerebellum into models of cognitive aging is an important step for moving the field forward. There has also been recent interest in this structure in Alzheimer’s Disease, indicating that such work may be beneficial to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease. Here, I provide an updated overview of the cerebellum in advanced age, and propose that it serves as a critical source of scaffolding or reserve for cortical function. Age-related impacts on cerebellar function further impact cortical processing, perhaps resulting in many of the activation patterns commonly seen in aging.
Who benefits from guided internet-based interventions? A systematic review of predictors and moderators of treatment outcome
Authors: Haller Katrin , Becker Pauline , Niemeyer Helen , Boettcher Johanna
Published: November 2021

Objective: To our knowledge, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted on all predictors or moderators of treatment outcome across diagnoses in guided internet-based interventions (IBIs) for adults. We aimed to aggregate the results of relevant studies and identify research gaps. Methods: After duplicate removal, 1615 articles, identified by searching the databases PsycInfo, Ovid Medline, and Pubmed and through snowballing, were screened following detailed in- and exclusion criteria in April and May 2021. Risk of bias (QUIPS) and intra- and interrater reliability for screening and risk of bias were assessed. Variables were grouped and categorized, then synthesized using vote counting based on direction of effect. Results: N=50 articles were included in the review. Seventy-seven predictors or moderators were generated, of which adherence, baseline symptoms, education, age, and gender were most frequently assessed. Adherence, treatment credibility, working alliance, and baseline scores emerged as conclusive predictors/moderators. Results for other variables were mainly inconsistent or inconclusive. Conclusion: Our review highlights that it is currently difficult to predict, across diagnoses, who will benefit from guided IBIs. Further rigorous research is needed to identify predictors and moderators based on a sufficient number of studies. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021242305.
Theoretical evaluation of partial credit scoring of the multiple-response test item
Authors: Persson Rasmus Anders Xerxes
Published: November 2021

We compute and compare statistics of five different scoring rules for the selected-response type of test items where the number of keys is an arbitrary integer and the test-takers are perfectly rational agents. We consider a hypothetical test of factual recognition, in which the underlying ability that we seek to measure is the fraction of the item options that the test-taker truly recognizes (and not only guesses correctly), assumed directly proportional the test-taker’s domain knowledge.
The Peacekeeping Dilemma: Understanding the Challenges of UN Peacekeeping in Modern Conflicts
Authors: Nomikos William George , Sener Ipek , Williams Rob
Published: November 2021

Despite an abundance of cross-national evidence that United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations (PKOs) enhance the prospects for peace in post-conflict settings, many recent operations have failed to achieve their goals, a pattern reflected in a robust set of qualitative studies on the subject. We address this tension using a new theoretical framework and a novel empirical strategy that disentangles the causal effects of peacekeeping. We argue that peacekeepers may resolve some types of conflict while unintentionally causing outbreaks of other types of violence--a phenomenon we call the peacekeeping dilemma. We examine the case of Mali, the site of a multidimensional UN PKO from 2013 until its forced withdrawal in 2023. We employ a geographic regression discontinuity design around the border of Mali and Burkina Faso to estimate the causal effect of deploying peacekeepers. We find that UN peacekeeping reduces conflict between non-state rebel groups as well as communal violence between civilians, but not violence between governments and rebels. More troubling, we find no evidence that UN peacekeeping decreases rebel violence and may under certain conditions increase government violence against civilians.
Using Transition Systems to Formalise Ideas from Vedanta
Authors: Krishnan Padmanabhan
Published: November 2021

Vedanta is one of the oldest philosophical systems. While there are many detailed commentaries on Vedanta, there are very few mathematical descriptions of the different concepts developed there. This article shows how ideas from theoretical computer science can be used to explain Vedanta. The standard idea of transition systems and modal logic are used to develop a formal description for the different ideas in Vedanta. The generality of the formalism is illustrated via a number of examples including \samsara, \Patanjali's yoga sutras, karma, the three avasthas from the Mandukya Upanishad and the key difference between advaita and dvaita in relation to moksha.
Testing Theories with Qualitative and Quantitative Predictions
Authors: Coleman Stephen
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses how empirical theories may be more effectively developed and tested in social sciences.
Community Seed Groups: Biological and Especially Social Investigations Can Support Crisis Response Capacity
Authors: Soleri Daniela , Kleinman Nathaniel , Newburn Rebecca
Published: November 2021

This paper was published 19 May 2022 and freely available (and a lot better looking!) on the open access journal website, Citizen Science Theory and Practice https://theoryandpractice.citizenscienceassociation.org/articles/10.5334/cstp.406/ The food system is comprised of biophysical and social processes affecting everyone, and food system citizen and community science offer opportunities for research, especially on unstudied aspects of that system, including responses to crises and disasters. We describe how community science work on food crop seeds responded to the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how this response built on the social investigations that are part of that ongoing work. To address a number of the crises of the Anthropocene, groups and individuals have been creating infrastructure supporting community-driven seed research and provision. Some organizations investigate community development of locally adapted crops, and introduction of novel materials for testing in new environments, as well as alternative social organization and processes supportive of this research and aligned with their values. Looking at examples of two active, United States–based, community seed organizations, represented by two of the co-authors, we outline the values and theoretical grounding of this work, and how responding to the acute crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged these organizations to rapidly develop seed distribution work in ways consistent with their values and missions. Meeting these immediate needs has meant temporarily pivoting from the longer-term evolutionary processes of their community science biological investigations; still, existing social investigations remained relevant and useful in their pandemic work. The effectiveness of this crisis response provides an example of explicitly values-driven research, and indicates the importance of recognizing the implicit social investigations of community science that sometimes experiment with alternative approaches to organizing society to achieve both immediate results, and longer term, prosocial change.
PENYALURAN KREDIT PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Effendi Maya Syafriana
Published: November 2021

Kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan teori kredit perbankan. Untuk teori kredit perbankan, kajian ini memberikan pendekatan baru untuk mendeteksi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penyaluran kredit berupa komponen tingkat kesehatan bank menggunakan pendekatan risk based bank rating terhadap penyaluran kredit. Disamping itu, kajian determinan kredit perbankan juga dapat menjelaskan teori penawaran uang, dimana Bank berfungsi sebagi lembaga intermediasi yang kegiatannya menghimpun dana dari masyarakat kemudian menyalurkan kembali dana tersebut kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan dana dalam bentuk kredit. Penyaluran kredit sebagai kegiatan memberikan dana atau uang kepada pihak lain, hal ini dapat diartikan sebagai bentuk penawaran uang. Kebutuhan masyarakat menjadi penentu dalam penawaran uang, namun bank tidak dapat serta merta memenuhi kebutuhan kredit dari masyarakat. Dari teori ini kita dapat mendeteksi perilaku penawaran kredit perbankan yanh dapat dipengaruhi oleh persepsi bank terhadap prospek bank terhadap prospek usaha debitur dan kondisi perbankan itu sendiri, antara lain; permodalan (CAR), jumlah kredit macet (NPL), dan loan to deposit ratio (LDR).
BUKU PANDUAN PRAKTIK KLINIK FISIOLOGI
Authors: Sharief Suchi Avnalurini , Istiqamah Evi , Akbar Nurlina , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Karuniawati Nia , Nurana Sitti , Hamang Sitti Hadriyanti
Published: November 2021

Panduan Praktik Klinik Fisiologi I & Fisiologi II 2020 ini sesungguhnya merupakan bagian dari proses pendidikan bidan. Buku ini lebih rinci untuk kemudahan melaksanakan praktik klinik fisiologi untuk dapat meningkatkan mutu pendidikan bidan. Kami menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi – tingginya terhadap semua pihak yang telah bekerja keras untuk ikut serta menyusun Panduan Praktik Klinik Fisiologi I & Fisiologi II 2020 ini. Kami menyadari bahwa Panduan Praktik Klinik Fisiologi I & Fisiologi II 2020 ini masih jauh dari sempurna, karena itu panduan ini akan selalu disempurnakan secara berkala berdasarkan masukan dari berbagai pihak.
MENGENAL TUBERKULOSIS Tuberkulosis, Klasifikasi TBC, Cara Pemberantasan, Asuhan Keperawatan TBC dengan Aplikasi 3S (SDKI, SLKI & SIKI)
Authors: Wahdi Achmad , Puspitosari Dewi Retno
Published: November 2021

Dengan mengucapkan puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga buku dengan judul “Mengenal Tuberkulosis” dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Buku ini disusun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan ajar bagi mahasiswa, dosen, dan perawat untuk mengaplikasikan 3S (SDKI, SLKI & SIKI). Buku ini terdiri dari 4 bagian. Bagian pertama membahas konsep tuberkulosisi, bagian kedua klasifikasi tuberkulosisi, bagian ketiga cara pemberantasan dan bagian keempat asuhan keperawatan pada pasien tbc dengan aplikasi 3S (SDKI, SLKI & SIKI). Penulis menyadari buku ini belum sempurna dan masih banyak kekurangan. Oleh karena itu, saran dan kritik membangun sangat penulis harapkan. Semoga buku ini dapat berguna. Selamat membaca.
The judicial review of legality
Authors: Davidson Natalie R , Bilsky Leora
Published: November 2021

In comparative constitutional law, the various models of judicial review require courts to examine either the substantive content of legislation or the procedure through which legislation was passed. This article offers a new model of judicial review – ‘the judicial review of legality’ – in which courts review instead the forms of law. The forms of law are the ways in which law communicates its norms to the persons who are meant to comply with them, and they include generality, clarity, avoidance of contradiction, and non-retroactivity. Drawing on recent writing on the jurisprudence of Lon Fuller, this article argues that Fuller’s linking of the forms of law to a relationship of reciprocity between government and governed can ground judicial review and that such review provides a missing language to address important legislative pathologies. Moreover, through an analysis of recent developments in Israel, the article demonstrates that the judicial review of legality targets some of the key legal techniques of contemporary processes of democratic erosion which other models of judicial review struggle to address, all the while re-centring judicial review on the lawyer’s craftsmanship and thus reducing problems of court legitimacy. This article therefore offers a distinctive and normatively appealing way for courts to act in troubling times.
Understanding Civil Law in The Context of Contemporary Islam in Indonesia
Authors: Karman Karman
Published: November 2021

This article aims to better understand civil law in the context of modern Islam in Indonesia by reviewing several publications that address civil law in the context of Islam from an Islamic standpoint. This article was conducted using a qualitative method. Then, utilizing coding and assessment methods, we examined the data to understand the primary issue fully. Because the research was performed during a pandemic, government restrictions limited public mobility; we relied on secondary data. Finding civil law in an Islamic context, marriage law in an Islamic context that emphasizes an Islamic view following the state's view, how is the evidence for studying civil law in an Islamic context; including the primary law of the individual section, civil family law, and inheritance law in an Islamic context are among the highlights of our findings. We can conclude that Islamic civil law encompasses Munakahat (all aspects of marriage, divorce, and their legal consequences); Wiratsat (all aspects of heirs, heirs, inheritance, and inheritance distribution); and Mu'amalah (all aspects of material things and rights to objects, as well as human relations).
Impact of ventricle size on neuropsychological outcomes in treated pediatric hydrocephalus: an HCRN prospective cohort study
Authors: Riva-Cambrin Jay , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Burr Robert , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Oakes W. Jerry , Drake James M. , Alvey Jessica S. , Reeder Ron W. , Holubkov Richard , Browd Samuel R. , Cochrane D. Douglas , Limbrick David D. , Naftel Robert , Shannon Chevis N. , Simon Tamara D. , Tamber Mandeep S. , McDonald Patrick J. , Wellons John C. , Luerssen Thomas G. , Whitehead William E. , Kestle John R. W.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

In pediatric hydrocephalus, shunts tend to result in smaller postoperative ventricles compared with those following an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). The impact of the final treated ventricle size on neuropsychological and quality-of-life outcomes is currently undetermined. Therefore, the authors sought to ascertain whether treated ventricle size is associated with neurocognitive and academic outcomes postoperatively.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study included children aged 5 years and older at the first diagnosis of hydrocephalus at 8 Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network sites from 2011 to 2015. The treated ventricle size, as measured by the frontal and occipital horn ratio (FOR), was compared with 25 neuropsychological tests 6 months postoperatively after adjusting for age, hydrocephalus etiology, and treatment type (ETV vs shunt). Pre- and posttreatment grade point average (GPA), quality-of-life measures (Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire [HOQ]), and a truncated preoperative neuropsychological battery were also compared with the FOR.

RESULTS

Overall, 60 children were included with a mean age of 10.8 years; 17% had ≥ 1 comorbidity. Etiologies for hydrocephalus were midbrain lesions (37%), aqueductal stenosis (22%), posterior fossa tumors (13%), and supratentorial tumors (12%). ETV (78%) was more commonly used than shunting (22%). Of the 25 neuropsychological tests, including full-scale IQ (q = 0.77), 23 tests showed no univariable association with postoperative ventricle size. Verbal learning delayed recall (p = 0.006, q = 0.118) and visual spatial judgment (p = 0.006, q = 0.118) were negatively associated with larger ventricles and remained significant after multivariate adjustment for age, etiology, and procedure type. However, neither delayed verbal learning (p = 0.40) nor visual spatial judgment (p = 0.22) was associated with ventricle size change with surgery. No associations were found between postoperative ventricle size and either GPA or the HOQ.

CONCLUSIONS

Minimal associations were found between the treated ventricle size and neuropsychological, academic, or quality-of-life outcomes for pediatric patients in this comprehensive, multicenter study that encompassed heterogeneous hydrocephalus etiologies.
Prediction of persistent ventricular dilation by initial ventriculomegaly and clot volume in a porcine model
Authors: Lai Grace Y. , Chu Kwan William , Piorkowska Karolina , Wagner Matthias W. , Jamshidi Pouya , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Looi Thomas , Waspe Adam C. , Drake James M.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

While intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD), not all infants affected by high-grade IVH develop PHVD. The authors aimed to determine clot-associated predictors of PHVD in a porcine model by varying the amount and rate of direct intraventricular injection of whole autologous blood.

METHODS

Seven 1-week-old piglets underwent craniectomy and injection of autologous blood into the right lateral ventricle. They survived for a maximum of 28 days. MRI was performed prior to injection, immediately postoperatively, and every 7 days thereafter. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequences were used to segment ventricular and clot volumes. Spearman correlations were used to determine the relationship between blood and clot volumes and ventricular volumes over time.

RESULTS

The maximum ventricular volume was up to 12 times that of baseline. One animal developed acute hydrocephalus on day 4. All other animals survived until planned endpoints. The interaction between volume of blood injected and duration of injection was significantly associated with clot volume on the postoperative scan (p = 0.003) but not the amount of blood injected alone (p = 0.38). Initial postoperative and day 7 clot volumes, but not volume of blood injected, were correlated with maximum (p = 0.007 and 0.014) and terminal (p = 0.014 and 0.036) ventricular volumes. Initial postoperative ventricular volume was correlated with maximum and terminal ventricular volume (p = 0.007 and p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS

Initial postoperative, maximum, and terminal ventricular dilations were associated with the amount of clot formed, rather than the amount of blood injected. This supports the hypothesis that PHVD is determined by clot burden rather than the presence of blood products and allows further testing of early clot lysis to minimize PHVD risk.
Subject of the Church and State Relations in the Latest Russian Researches
Authors: Задорнов Александр
Published: November 2021

В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются недавно изданные монографии, в которых отражаются государственно-конфессиональные отношения, и анализируются попытки вписать эти отношения в современные концепции государства и его происхождения. Критикуются методологические предпосылки такого анализа и подхода.

In the present review recently published monographs in which the state and confessional relations are reflected are considered and attempts to enter these relations in modern concepts of the state and its origin are analyzed. Methodological prerequisites of such analysis and approach are criticized.
Saint Savva and Slavic Peoples
Authors: Троицкий Сергей Викторович
Published: November 2021

В 2019 году Сербская Православная Церковь празднует 800-летие своей автокефалии. В честь этого юбилея впервые публикуется русский перевод речи профессора С. В. Троицкого, посвящённой первому независимому главе Сербской Церкви - святителю Савве.

In 2019 the Serbian Orthodox Church celebrates the 800 anniversaries of the autocephaly. In honor of this anniversary Russian translation of the speech of professor S.V. Troitsky devoted to the first independent head of the Serbian Church - to the st. Savva is for the first time published.
History of the social policy in the United Kingdom
Authors: Podolsky Vadim
Published: November 2021

In the XVII century Great Britain became the first country in the world with a full-scale system of social support, which was regulated at the state level. The “Old Poor Law” of 1601 and the “New Poor Law” of 1834 are well-studied in both foreign and Russian science, but the solutions that preceded them are less known. The aim of this study is to describe the development of social policy in Great Britain up to 1834, when the system of assistance to people in need was redesigned according to the liberal logic of minimal interference of the state. The article is based on comparative and historic approach and analysis of legal documents. It demonstrates the evolution of institutions and practices of social support in Great Britain. In this country social policy grew from church and private charity and developed at local level under centrally defined rules. Consistent presentation of social policy history in Great Britain is valuable for studies of charity, local self-government and social policy.
Left-Turn Ahead in the UK Economy: The Johnson Factor
Authors: Podkolzina Inna
Published: November 2021

The paper identifies the key features and specific nature of the economic strategy adopted by Boris Johnson’s conservative government. The record growth of the public sector net borrowing in the post-war era is viewed as the main risk factor to the strategy implementation. The author concludes that liberal market economy in the UK has been gradually morphing into a coordinated market economy. The paradigm shift expresses itself in the deviation from economic neoliberalism to the idea of ‘one-nation conservatism’ adapted to modern trends. In practice, this means reinforcement of the redistributive and regulatory functions of the state, as well as transition from the consumption-led to export-led growth model.
Investigating the feasibility and acceptability of Sayana® Press self-injection in Ghana
Authors:   Evidence Project
Published: November 2021

At the request of the Ghana Health Service (GHS), the Evidence Project, through the Population Council and with funding from USAID/Ghana, is studying the feasibility and acceptability of Sayana® Press self-injection, and by extension, informing its introduction in Ghana. The primary objectives of the seven-month study are to assess the feasibility of introducing Sayana® Press self-injection and its acceptability among both health workers and injectable clients. Results from the study are expected to inform the national strategy, including procurement and scale-up of Sayana® Press in the public and private sectors. | The Ghana Health Service has a strong commitment to task shifting to accelerate access to modern contraceptive methods. GHS’s commitment to engaging all relevant stakeholders in the public, private and NGOs sectors in the study process provides an excellent model for maximizing research utilization.
Farmers’, Farm Characteristics’ and Use of Public Agricultural Extension Support across Time in Selected Municipalities of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Afful D.B.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The paper compares data on subsistence grain producers’ socio-economic, farm characteristics, and their use of public extension support for farm management across time and in various municipalities of Limpopo province, South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data in eight selected local municipalities by means of multi-stage sampling. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics. Findings across time periods (2014 and 2017) and aggregated for all the different local municipalities investigated were similar regarding respondents’ socio-economic and farm characteristics as well as use of public extension support for farm management. These evidence-based findings augur well for the development of uniform and appropriate strategies for the local municipalities to improve public extension support so that producers can receive more extension farm visits and, therefore, more farm management information. Such support will help producers to improve their farming operations and invariably, their productivity and household food security.
HOW SOCIAL MEDIA MAINTAINED SOCIALITY IN THE PANDEMIC
Authors:   1 Italy, University of Salerno, CERSOSIMO G. , LANDOLFI L. ,   University of Salerno
Published: November 2021

The aim of this paper is to reflect on how, during the digital era, new forms of social isolation have emerged, quite different from the forms we found in other pandemics, before the rise of social networking. Through the use of images and information, this research aims to outline similarities between the Covid19 pandemic and earlier pandemics (specifically the Spanish flu) in terms of containment practices. We will also illustrate how the photos and testimonies that people shared online during this period have led to the interpretation of social networks as a social environment where self-representation and sociability take place.
CHANGING PERCEPTION THROUGH MEDIA BOMBARDMENT AND DEMONIZATION
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, Coman Claudiu , Scarlat Anca ,   University of Craiova,, Lautaru Anca ,   University of Craiova,
Published: November 2021

: The perception can be directed to a specific target, so as to result in a uniform interpretation of any message, textual or transmitted through the image, by "media bombardment". In the context of the negative collective perception of Russia, we have analyzed the effects of a simple farce. The psycho-sociological experiment based on this farse shows how perception is strongly altered by the context: people can no longer observe even the obvious details. Thus, it can be demonstrated how the “media bombardment” influences perception, in the paradigm of emotional communication.
DISINFORMATION DECONSTRUCTEDCOGNITION SECURITY AND DIGITAL CONTROL
Authors:   Carol I National Defense University, POPESCU Maria Magdalena
Published: November 2021

Fake News and Deepfakes have lately been highlighted in informative videos, research papers and literature reviews as tools for disinformation, along with filter bubble and echo chamber, polarization and mistrust. To counteract the unconventional weapons of word and imagery, a new research area has been defined as cognition security, a transdisciplinary area to understand the threats hybrid wars currently make use of and to determine the proper measures against non-kinetic offensives. For this, data mining and deep analysis are performed with digital instruments in a cognitive security system. Defined by all these, the present paper deconstructs the terms in an experimental monitoring of the media, to connect the realm of Cognition Security to its instruments in Cognitive Security Key words: Fake news, deepfake, cognitive security, narrat
FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, Aron Ioan
Published: November 2021

In forensics, the investigation of intentional fires, generated by criminal violations of prevention rules, committed out of revenge, in order to hide other crimes, through vandalism, due to mental disorders or in the case of self-ignition in public in order to obtain claims. In forensics, fires and explosions are analysed according to the causes that produce them and according to the substances or devices that initiated and maintained their combustion or explosion.
APPLICATION OF LEGISLATIVE AND NONLEGISLATIVE MORATORIES IN THE MATTER OF SUSPENSION OF BANK LOANS
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, Gheorghe Carmen Adriana
Published: November 2021

In order to avoid blocking the capacity of the banking system to finance the domestic economy, a legislative package was issued in order to protect the interests of bank debtors, at the suggestion of EBA and against the background of the crisis caused by COVID-19. In addition, the legislative moratorium was supplemented by a non-legislative moratorium, and as a result of their application, the payment obligations of the debtors who requested the postponement were suspended. The analysis of the effects produced on the banking market leads to the conclusion that the government's measures caused both positive and some negative effects - the risk of default for banks and public exposure being the sensitive factors. As a result, the state and the B.N.R. intervened with specific means.
THE QUESTION OF EXCLUDING EVIDENCE OBTAINED IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS A RESULT OF ENFORCING NATIONAL SECURITY WARRANTS BY THE ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE (SRI)
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov, Gliga Constantin Ioan
Published: November 2021

Starting with 2016, the Constitutional Court of Romania issued a series of decisions whereby it repeatedly established that the interference of intelligence services in a criminal prosecution is not allowed, so that the evidence obtained with the help of these structures cannot be used in criminal proceedings, being affected by absolute nullity. This article summarizes the most relevant decisions of the constitutional court in this matter, as well as the recent practice of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, which we hope will signal other courts to ensure unitary jurisprudence at the national level.
PROCRASTINATION AND WORK SATISFACTION
Authors:   Transilvania University of Braşov,, Tudose C-M , Pavalache-Ilie Mariela ,   Transilvania University of Braşov,
Published: November 2021

The article presents the relation between procrastination, considering the soldiering and cyberslacking dimensions and work satisfaction. Differences in procrastination are identified based on sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, and work seniority of the employees. The levels of procrastination of the employees do not differ based on the type of organisation (public or private sector).
SOCIAL PRACTICES, RUPTURE EVENTS & AESTHETIC CAPITAL IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Polytechnic University of Marche, Orazi Francesco
Published: November 2021

This work identifies a dual process in intergenerational cultural transmission and reception mechanisms: on the one hand, a break in historical continuity between past and present, and, on the other, the use of its legitimacy to make a mark on history. The approach emphasizes two aspects of cultural and economic transformation, the change induced by sudden, pervasive events, and the plasticity of cultural reception. Therefore, it is intended to argue that without the socio-cultural disposition to accept change, economic transformations cannot work. Drawing on this idea, this article aims to elucidate how cultural transmission crosses time, allowing humanity to recognize and legitimize a new socio-economic order.
Морфологічні особливості залишково-карбонатних чорноземів на елювії щільних карбонатних порід Малого Полісся
Authors: Shchur O. S.
Published: November 2021

Актуальність наукового дослідження визначається недостатньою вивченістю питань, пов’язаних з морфологічними особливостями залишкових карбонатних чорноземів, а також браком наукових публікацій, що якісно висвітлюють різні аспекти складу ґрунтів Малого Полісся. У цій праці маємо на меті, ґрунтуючись на основі морфології залишково-карбонатних чорноземів на елювії щільних карбонатних порід Малого Полісся визначити головні особливості складу ґрунтів цього регіону і його місце в єдиній системі родючих ґрунтів країни загалом. В основі методології дослідження – поєднання методів системного наукового аналізу складу ґрунтів регіону Малого Полісся, що дає змогу визначити закономірності поширення ґрунтів і з’ясувати їхній морфологічний склад, а також морфологічні особливості залишково-карбонатних чорноземів на елювії щільних карбонатних порід Малого Полісся. Дослідження свідчить про істотну важливість вивчення процесів ґрунтоутворення і вивітрювання ґрунтів з погляду перспектив сільськогосподарського використання та збереження ґрунтового ресурсу країни. Результати та висновки цієї праці мають істотне наукове, теоретичне й прикладне значення для подальшого вивчення якості складу ґрунтів України загалом і Малого Полісся зокрема, для розуміння структури ґрунтового покриву досліджуваних регіонів і доцільності наукового розроблення методів їхнього використання для потреб народного господарства.
Geschlecht, Bildung, Profession
Authors: Larcher Sabina
Published: November 2021

Gesamtgesellschaftliche Geschlechterungleichheiten spiegeln sich auch in dem Berufsfeld der Pädagogik wider. Der Sammelband befasst sich mit fortbestehenden und neuen Problemlagen in pädagogischen Berufen aus professionsgeschichtlicher, bildungssystematischer und berufssoziologischer Perspektive. Dabei zeigt sich die Verwobenheit von Berufsgeschichte und Geschlechterverhältnissen, aus der sich auch Erkenntnisse für die Professionsentwicklung ableiten lassen.
Dapsone can be a new treatment option for reducing the detrimental effect of priapism
Authors: KÖLÜKÇÜ Engin , PARLAKTAŞ Bekir Süha , ULUOCAK Nihat , DERESOY Faik , UNSAL Velid , KATAR Muzaffer
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study aims to analyze the effect of dapsone against ischaemia-reperfusion injury on corporal tissue in a model of induced-priapism in rats.

Material and Method: A total of 24 rats were randomized into three groups. Group 1 was defined as the control group. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury was evaluated following the priapism model in Group 2. Group 3 had similar procedures to the rats in Group 2. Group 3 additionally had 12.5 mg/kg dapsone administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after priapism.

Results: Biochemical analysis of blood indicated a significant increase in Group 3 in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) values compared with Group 2 (p:0.002, p:0.029 and p:0.009, respectively). The highest values of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were recorded in Group 2 (p
Clinical and prognostic evaluation of patients admitted to the COVID-19 pandemic unit of the emergency department
Authors: ÖZTÜRK DURMAZ Şenay , SÜMER COŞKUN Ayşenur , YALÇIN Ata Nevzat
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate to prognosis of patients admitted to the COVID-19 isolation unit of the emergency department and present epidemiological data by examining their demographic, clinical, laboratory and lung tomography findings.

Material and Method: A total of 504 patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms were randomly and retrospectively evaluated based on electronic records obtained from the hospital archive.

Results: Of the patients, 216 (42.9%) were female and 288 (57%) were male. The RT-PCR test was positive in 291 (57.7%) patients, and fever was the most common symptom in 280 (55.5%). A total of 133 patients (26.4%) were admitted to the inpatient ward. The WBC, Troponin-t, CRP, AST, ALT, LDH, D-dimer and ferritin levels were high and lymphocyte count was low in patients who were hospitalized. Sixty-one percent of the patients had a comorbid condition; 19% of had diabetes and 18.8% had hypertension as the most common underlying condition. Totally, 312 (61.9%) had favipiravir, 106 (21%) were favipiravir + hydroxychloroquine, 60 (11.9%) used hydroxychloroquine alone, 26 (5.2%) were followed up without treatment and to 147 of them, antibiotics were prescribed in addition to the medicine; 38.5% of the patients followed up in the intensive care unit were diabetic; 26 patients (5.2%) were followed up in the intensive care unit. The mortality rate was found to be 1.9%. At least one comorbid condition was present in all who were hospitalized and died in the intensive care unit.

Conclusion: The importance of a healthy diet and regular physical activity for metabolic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension as well as for fighting infections is well known. We consider that the mortality and morbidity rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic can be reduced by developing reliable and safe antiviral treatment options and implementing effective and fair vaccination policies.
Volumetric study of tracheal diverticulum: a retrospective analysis in computed tomography
Authors: GÜRÜN Enes , AKDULUM İsmail , KAYA Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence and morphology (location, diameter, number and volume) of the tracheal diverticulum (TD) on thoracic computed tomography (CT), in a sample of the Turkish population.

Material and Method: The study was conducted over 15 months, from February 2020 to April 2021, and included 3,860 thoracic CT scans, of which 1,891 subjects were men and the rest were women. All of the thoracic CT scans were evaluated retrospectively. All images were reviewed for the presence or absence of the TD in the axial plane, defined as air sacs around the trachea and communication with the trachea. For volume measurement, the TD contour was manually evaluated by a single radiologist, for all patients. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean±standard deviation (SD). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.87±14.76 (29-84). In this study, the incidence of TD was calculated to be 0.80%. The mean tracheal diverticulum volume (TDV) and maximum transverse diameter (MTD) of TD were 983.62±1 509.80 mm3 and 8.79±6.19 mm, respectively.

Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated the volumetric measurement of TD and its prevalence. We believe that the frequency of its use in clinical practice should increase, as volumetric measurements provide healthier results than diameter measurements.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy results of patients with malign glioma aged 60 and over
Authors: ERTAŞ Gülçin , ÜÇER Ali Rıza , AZAK Can , ALTUNDAĞ Muzaffer Bedri
Published: November 2021

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the treatment results of 25 malign glioma patients, aged >60 who underwent hypofractionated radiotherapy, respectively.

Material and Method: Total excision was applied to 14 of the patients, subtotal excision was applied to 5 and biopsy was applied only to 3. Three patients were evaluated as inoperable. Pathological diagnosis is compatible with glioblastoma in 22 patients, gliosarcoma in 2 patients and anaplastic astrocytoma in 1 patient. Hypofractionated radiotherapy was applied to all patients in the dose range 2.66-3.4 Gy x 10-15 fractions. Ten patients were treated concurrent temozolomide with radiotherapy and then 4-6 cures of adjuvant temozolomide. Only concurrent temozolomide treatment was applied to 3 patients, while only adjuvant temozolomide was applied to 4 patients.

Results: The median age is 72 years. (min 60–max 86) . The rate of patients with comorbid disease is 44%. The median follow-up period of the patients is 5 months (min 1-max 22). 6-months, 1-year, 18-months overall survival were 47%, 20%, 10%, respectively. Median survival in patients aged >70 is 3 months and 8 months in patients
Hypoechoic nodule structure increases non-diagnostic rate of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: ÇETİN Zeynep
Published: November 2021

Aim: Thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) performed with ultrasonography is an effective method in diagnosing thyroid cancer. Nevertheless, some of them have non-diagnostic results. The aim is to investigate the factors that affect non-diagnostic result.

Material and Method: FNABs of 361 nodules of 361 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups as fine needle aspiration biopsy result with and without non-diagnostic. The groups were compared according to demographic, clinical and sonographic data.

Results: Non-diagnostic rate was 14.4% in all biopsies. There was no difference in terms of age, gender, previous thyroid surgery history, smoking history, aspirin use, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, toxic nodule. Sonographic findings of the thyroid glands and nodules were similar. Only the echogenicity of the nodule was found to affect the non-diagnostic result (p=0.015). In the post hoc analysis, the difference was found to be caused by hypoechoic nodules (32.7% versus 15.5). It was observed that the significant relationship found in univariate logistic regression analysis (p=0.009, OR: 3.227, CI: 1.334-7.803) continued in multivariate analysis (p=0.024, OR: 3.175, CI: 1.163-8.668).

Conclusion: Only hypoechoic echogenicity increases the risk of non-diagnostic rate. Other factors do not increase the non-diagnostic rate.
Distribution of clinical isolates obtained from sterile body fluids: a four-year retrospective data
Authors: ÇETİN DURAN Alev , KULA ATİK Tuğba , ÖZEN Nermin , SİG Ali Korhan , IRMAK Onur
Published: November 2021

Aim: Infections of sterile body fluids (SBFs) require rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment, since their morbidities and mortalities are high. To achieve this goal, definite epidemiologic data is absolutely required, since empiric and preemptive treatments are mainly based on this. The aim of this study was to evaluate infectious agents isolated from SBFs, susceptibility results and molecular analysis (PCR) data, retrospectively.

Material and Method: Clinical samples of SBFs (Cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and synovial fluids) obtained from January 2017 to December 2020 in Atatürk City Hospital (tertiary center) were included. Identification of bacterial and fungal agents and antibiotic susceptibility were done by conventional and automated system (BD Phoenix™, Becton Dickinson Co., Sparks, MD, USA). Löwenstein-Jensen media and BACTEC Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 (Becton Dickinson Co., Sparks, MD, USA) were used for mycobacterial analysis. Bosphore Viral Meningitis Panel Multiplex PCR Kit (Anatolia Geneworks, İstanbul, Turkey) were applied to detect HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, Enterovirus and/or Parechovirus.

Results: A total of 221 (9.74%) organisms were detected among 2269 samples. Particularly common gram negative bacterial agents covered the top of the list (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent gram positive strain, followed by enteroccocci. Most of the A. baumannii isolates were multidrug resistant, Pseudomonas spp. showed over than 20% resistance rate to ceftazidime, cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam. All enterococci were vancomycin-susceptible, one S. aureus strain was methicillin-resistant. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates were found to be susceptible to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Conclusions: Continuous laboratory surveillance even in local phase is important to guide clinicians. Even though our data did not show significant changes, improvements on laboratory capabilities and clinical awareness must be done. Isolation rates might be underestimated due to requirement of improvements in our laboratory, especially about sampling, anaerobe transportation and usage of blood culture vials.
The spectrum of underlying diseases in children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: ÖZCAN Alper , CANSEVER Murat , YILMAZ Ebru , ÜNAL Ekrem , KARAKÜKÇÜ Musa , PATIROĞLU Türkan
Published: November 2021

Aim: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by the production of antibodies directed against red blood cells. We aimed to describe the clinical presentation, hematologic and biochemical profiles, treatment modalities, underlying diseases and outcomes in children suffering from AIHA.

Material and Method: In a retrospectively manner, we consecutively recrutied 62 children (aged 1 month-18 years) with AIHA who had been followed in Erciyes University Child Hospital between January, 2000 and November, 2017.

Results: The mean age at time of diagnosis was 61.9±51.9 months (range:1-192) in 62 children including 28 girls and 34 boys. The most common complaints included fatigue and fever while the most common findings were jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. In 22 children (35.4%), there was a comorbid, active, non-specific infection (upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, diarrhea, urinary tract infection). At time of diagnosis, mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 6.9±2.5 g/dL (range: 5-9). The glucocorticoid therapy was given in majority of the patients while no medical treatment was given to 4 patients. Of the patients with primary AIHA, 6 patients were unresponsive to the treatment while one patient responded partially. It was found that there were underlying risk factors in 36 patients with secondary AIHA, as immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders being the most common risk factors.

Conclusion: The immunodeficiencies were highly prevalent in children included. By advance of whole exome sequencing technology, we believe that primary immunodeficiencies was the most common underlying disease in our study detected quite high in presented children.
Transplantation for ultra high-risk neuroblastoma patients: effect of tandem autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: YILMAZ Ebru , SAMUR Muhammed Bahadır , ÖZCAN Alper , ÜNAL Ekrem , KARAKÜKÇÜ Musa
Published: November 2021

Aim: Neuroblastoma is a tumor with a high mortality rate originating from primitive sympathetic ganglion cells. In recent years, the definition of "ultra high-risk" has been used, in which the response to treatment is added in addition to the disease characteristics. In this study, the results of tandem high-dose Iodine 131 (131I) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and tandem autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients who were diagnosed as refractory after first-line treatments and considered with ultra-high risk nöroblastom (NBL) in Erciyes University Medical Faculty Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Center were shared.

Material and Method: Eleven patients who underwent tandem MIBG and autologous HSCT with the diagnosis of refractory/ultra high-risk NBL between 2011 and 2021 were included in the study. Patient's data were obtained retrospectively using an electronic or manuscript medical record.

Results: Tandem autologous HSCT and MIBG treatment were applied to 11 patients with a median age of 40.5 months who were diagnosed with refractory/ultra high-risk neuroblastoma. In our study, the overall survival rate was 54.5% and event-free survival (EFS) was 39% at a median follow-up of 20.7 (7.8-105.6) months. Of the 6 surviving patients, 4 are followed in complete remission and 2 in partial remission.

Conclusion: Our study is the only study that includes a group of patients who received tandem high-dose MIBG and tandem autologous HSCT transplantation in refractory NBL patients without cytokine and immunotherapy. Tandem transplantation and MIBG therapy in ultra-high-risk NBL cases remain promising with acceptable toxicity. Adding immunotherapy to this treatment protocol and combining it with new treatment modalities such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which also takes into account genetic characteristics, may increase survival and event-free survival rates.