bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deafness and Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Vernon McCay , Rhodes Anthony
Published: May 2009

An orientation to autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), also known as autism, is provided, and the specific syndrome of autism and deafness is addressed. The two conditions have in common a major problem: communication. Case histories are provided, the development of treatment for autism is discussed, and the separate disorders that make up ASD are defined. Important medical conditions often present in ASD are named, and their roles in treatment and diagnosis are described. Because autism is generally regarded as increasing in prevalence, some say to epidemic proportions, there is an increase in children who are both deaf and autistic. The resulting pressure on day and residential school programs for the Deaf to accept and educate these difficult, multiply disabled children is increasing. The parents of autistic children are a sophisticated, politically active group who are demanding services through legal and legislative means, among others.
Professional Development for Teachers of Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Facing the Assessment Challenge
Authors: Cawthon Stephanie
Published: May 2009

Teachers of students with low-incidence disabilities, such as students who are deaf or hard of hearing, face unique challenges in putting education policy into practice. The present article presents professional development findings from the Third Annual National Survey of Accommodations and Assessment for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (Cawthon, Hersh, Kim, & Online Research Lab, in press). A total of 391 participants described professional development they had experienced related to assessment of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Teachers reported greater exposure to topics in school/district sessions and discussion with their colleagues than in their preparation programs. Teaching at a school for the deaf or teaching students in high school were significant predictors of an increased prevalence of professional development opportunities on assessment-related topics for students who are deaf or hard of hearing.
An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk Behaviors of Adolescents Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Comparisons and Recommendations
Authors: Coll Kenneth M. , Cutler Martin M. , Thobro Patti , Haas Robin , Powell Stephanie
Published: May 2009

The study compared psychosocial risk behaviors of adolescents who were deaf or hard of hearing with those of their hearing peers in a residential treatment facility. Statistically significant differences emerged between groups. The adolescents who were deaf or hard of hearing demonstrated clinically higher scores than those of their hearing peers on the psychosocial risk behaviors of risk to others, social and adaptive functioning, need for structure, aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, theft and deceit, and rules violations. Implications and suggestions for helping professionals are included.
Learning With a Missing Sense: What Can We Learn From the Interaction of a Deaf Child With a Turtle?
Authors: Miller Paul
Published: May 2009

This case study reports on the progress of Navon, a 13-year-old boy with prelingual deafness, over a 3-month period following exposure to Logo, a computer programming language that visualizes specific programming commands by means of a virtual drawing tool called the Turtle. Despite an almost complete lack of skills in spoken and sign language, Navon made impressive progress in his programming skills, including acquisition of a notable active written vocabulary, which he learned to apply in a purposeful, rule-based manner. His achievements are discussed with reference to commonly held assumptions about the relationship between language and thought, in general, and the prerequisite of proper spoken language skills for the acquisition of reading and writing, in particular. Highlighted are the central principles responsible for Navon's unexpected cognitive and linguistic development, including the way it affected his social relations with peers and teachers.
Evaluating Deaf Education Web-Based Course Work
Authors: Luetke Barbara
Published: May 2009

Some U.S. universities use Web-based formats to offer most of the course work required to become a certified teacher of the deaf. Yet little research exists on how students judge the content and delivery of such courses compared to on-campus instruction. Parton (2005) described previous research concerning this topic as descriptive rather than empirical, and called for data-based investigation. In the present study, 108 consumers of online courses at one university were surveyed. A questionnaire was developed from a literature review and experiences of the author, who has taught long-distance courses since the early 1990s. Responses pertained to as many as five deaf education professors and 12 deaf education courses. Most students were intelligent, hearing, experienced consumers who appreciated Web-based course content and delivery. The majority (65%) felt that they did not know the instructor as well in on-campus courses. Further research is planned.
The Christian's Duty Toward the Deaf: Differing Christian Views on Deaf Schooling and Education in 19th-Century Dutch Society
Authors: Tijsseling Corrie , Tellings Agnes
Published: May 2009

A historical study is conducted into the founding of three boarding schools for Deaf children in the Netherlands, in 1790, 1840, and 1888. The article focuses on how three different religious views inspired divergent perspectives on citizenship and the role of the state, the church, and charity in helping Deaf people to become well-integrated citizens. For each school, a brief general context and a brief description of its political and religious background is given. The founding of the school, with accompanying difficulties, is then described, as well as the fundamental ideas of the founders regarding the image of the Deaf person, Deaf children and their capacities, societal goals of the institution, subject matter considered important in the school, further relevant organizational aspects, and financing and the responsibilities of state, church, charity, and private enterprise. The views of the three institutions are compared and contrasted.
Japan’s Blair Witch: Restraint, Maturity, and Generic Canons in the British Critical Reception of Ring
Authors: Martin Daniel
Published: May 2009

This essay examines the British critical reception of the Japanese horror film Ring. Critics claimed that Ring was representative of a non-graphic, suggestive tradition in horror, and used the film rhetorically to present a sense of difference from teen horror films such as Scream.
Lives Aquatic: Mediterranean Cinema and an Ethics of Underwater Existence
Authors: Past Elena
Published: May 2009

This essay considers the role of the Mediterranean in Emanuele Crialese’s Respiro (2002) and Wes Anderson’s The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004). Taking an ecosystemic approach and incorporating the philosophies of Franco Cassano, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, it suggests that underwater scenes in both films invite viewers to theorize connections between the sea and contemporary existence.
The Unadapted: Warner Bros. Reads Zora Neale Hurston
Authors: Binggeli Elizabeth
Published: May 2009

This article examines the 1930s and 1940s Hollywood studio reception of the works of African American novelist and anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston. It argues that Hurston’s 1948 novel Seraph on the Suwanee was conceived by the author to both conform to and contest the racial politics of Hollywood narrative film.
Indie Culture: In Pursuit of the Authentic Autonomous Alternative
Authors: Newman Michael Z.
Published: May 2009

American independent cinema since the 1980s has in common with other forms of “indie” culture its construction as an authentic, autonomous alternative to mainstream media. “Indie” is contradictory insofar as it at once serves to oppose the dominant culture but also to produce cultural capital that distinguishes its consumers.
Job loss and health in the U.S. labor market
Authors: Strully Kate W.
Published: May 2009

While U.S. unemployment rates remain low, rates of job loss are high and rising. Job loss is also becoming increasingly common in more advantaged, white-collar occupations. This article is concerned with how these patterns impact the health of U.S. workers. Drawing on recent data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I find that job loss harms health, beyond sicker people being more likely to lose their jobs. Respondents who lost jobs but were reemployed at the survey faced an increased risk of developing new health conditions; they were not, however, more likely to describe their health in negative terms. This suggests that recent job “churning” within the United States (i.e., high rates of job loss but low unemployment) may impact certain health outcomes but not others. I find no evidence that the health consequences of job loss differ across white- and blue-collar occupations, although health-related selection out of jobs appears stronger within the blue-collar category.
Unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support: New estimates accounting for multiple-partner fertility
Authors: Sinkewicz Marilyn , Garfinkel Irwin
Published: May 2009

We present new estimates of unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support. Prior research relied on surveys that drastically undercounted nonresident unwed fathers and provided no link to their children who lived in separate households. To overcome these limitations, previous research assumed assortative mating and that each mother partnered with one father who was actually eligible to pay support and had no other child support obligations. Because the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study contains data on couples, multiple-partner fertility, and a rich array of other previously unmeasured characteristics of fathers, it is uniquely suited to address the limitations of previous research. We also use an improved method of dealing with missing data. Our findings suggest that previous research overestimated the aggregate ability of unwed nonresident fathers to pay child support by 33% to 60%.
Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage
Authors: Wildeman Christopher
Published: May 2009

Although much research has focused on how imprisonment transforms the life course of disadvantaged black men, researchers have paid little attention to how parental imprisonment alters the social experience of childhood. This article estimates the risk of parental imprisonment by age 14 for black and white children born in 1978 and 1990. This article also estimates the risk of parental imprisonment for children whose parents did not finish high school, finished high school only, or attended college. Results show the following: (1) 1 in 40 white children born in 1978 and 1 in 25 white children born in 1990 had a parent imprisoned; (2) 1 in 7 black children born in 1978 and 1 in 4 black children born in 1990 had a parent imprisoned; (3) inequality in the risk of parental imprisonment between white children of college-educated parents and all other children is growing; and (4) by age 14, 50.5% of black children born in 1990 to high school dropouts had a father imprisoned. These estimates, robustness checks, and extensions to longitudinal data indicate that parental imprisonment has emerged as a novel—and distinctively American—childhood risk that is concentrated among black children and children of low-education parents.
Nature’s experiment? Handedness and early childhood development
Authors: Johnston David W. , Nicholls Michael E. R. , Shah Manisha , Shields Michael A.
Published: May 2009

In recent years, a large body of research has investigated the various factors affecting child development and the consequent impact of child development on future educational and labor market outcomes. In this article, we contribute to this literature by investigating the effect of handedness on child development. This is an important issue given that around 10% of the world’s population is left-handed and given recent research demonstrating that child development strongly affects adult outcomes. Using a large, nationally representative sample of young children, we find that the probability of a child being left-handed is not significantly related to child health at birth, family composition, parental employment, or household income. We also find robust evidence that left-handed (and mixed-handed) children perform significantly worse in nearly all measures of development than right-handed children, with the relative disadvantage being larger for boys than girls. Importantly, these differentials cannot be explained by different socioeconomic characteristics of the household, parental attitudes, or investments in learning resources.
Is the relationship between socioeconomic status and health stronger for older children in developing countries?
Authors: Cameron Lisa , Williams Jenny
Published: May 2009

Recent research on the relationship between child health and income in developed countries reveals a positive gradient that is more pronounced for older children, suggesting that the impact of income upon health accumulates. This article examines whether the same is true in a developing country. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey on children aged 0 to 14 years, we find that although low income adversely affects health, its impact does not differ by age. This finding is robust to the use of both subjective and objective health measures, controlling for selective mortality, the use of alternative measures of households’ resources, and the inclusion of indicators of health at birth and parental health. One explanation for the constancy of the health-income relationship that we explore is the dominant role played by acute illness in determining the general health status of children in a developing-country context compared with the more central role played by chronic conditions in developed countries.
Proximate sources of population sex imbalance in india
Authors: Oster Emily
Published: May 2009

There is a population sex imbalance in India. Despite a consensus that this imbalance is due to excess female mortality, the specific source of this excess mortality remains poorly understood. I use microdata on child survival in India to analyze the proximate sources of the sex imbalance. I address two questions: when in life does the sex imbalance arise, and what health or nutritional investments are specifically responsible for its appearance? I present a new methodology that uses microdata on child survival. This methodology explicitly takes into account both the possibility of naturally occurring sex differences in survival and possible differences between investments in their importance for survival. Consistent with existing literature, I find significant excess female mortality in childhood, particularly between the ages of 1 and 5, and argue that the sex imbalance that exists by age 5 is large enough to explain virtually the entire imbalance in the population. Within this age group, sex differences in vaccinations explain between 20% and 30% of excess female mortality, malnutrition explains an additional 20%, and differences in treatment for illness play a smaller role. Together, these investments account for approximately 50% of the sex imbalance in mortality in India.
Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in britain, germany, and the united states
Authors: Gangl Markus , Ziefle Andrea
Published: May 2009

Using harmonized longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we trace career prospects after motherhood for five cohorts of American, British, and West German women around the 1960s. We establish wage penalties for motherhood between 9% and 18% per child, with wage losses among American and British mothers being lower than those experienced by mothers in Germany. Labor market mechanisms generating the observed wage penalty for motherhood differ markedly across countries, however. For British and American women, work interruptions and subsequent mobility into mother-friendly jobs fully account for mothers’ wage losses. In contrast, respective penalties are considerably smaller in Germany, yet we observe a substantial residual wage penalty that is unaccounted for by mothers’ observable labor market behavior. We interpret this finding as indicating a comparatively more pronounced role for statistical discrimination against mothers in the German labor market.
Modeling transition rates using panel current-status data: How serious is the bias?
Authors: Wolf Douglas A. , Gill Thomas M.
Published: May 2009

Studies of disability dynamics and active life expectancy often rely on transition rates or probabilities that are estimated using panel survey data in which respondents report on current health or functional status. If respondents are contacted at intervals of one or two years, then relatively short periods of disability or recovery between surveys may be missed. Much published research that uses such data assumes that there are no unrecorded transitions, applying event-history techniques to estimate transition rates. In recent years, a different approach based on embedded Markov chains has received growing use. We assessed the performance of both approaches, using as a criterion their ability to reproduce the parameters of a “true” model based on panel data collected at one-month intervals. Neither of the widely used approaches performs particularly well, and neither is uniformly superior to the other.
Reconstructing childhood health histories
Authors: Smith James P.
Published: May 2009

This article provides evidence about the quality of retrospective childhood health histories given to respondents in the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Even though information on early life health events is critical, there is legitimate skepticism about the ability of older respondents to remember specific health problems that they had during childhood. The evidence presented in this article suggests that this view is too negative. Respondents appear to remember salient childhood events about themselves, such as the illnesses they had during childhood, quite well. Moreover, these physical and psychological childhood health events are important correlates of adult health during middle age.
Can knowledge improve population forecasts at subcounty levels?
Authors: Chi Guangqing
Published: May 2009

Recent developments in urban and regional planning require more accurate population forecasts at subcounty levels, as well as a consideration of interactions among population growth, traffic flow, land use, and environmental impacts. However, the extrapolation methods, currently the most often used demographic forecasting techniques for subcounty areas, cannot meet the demand. This study tests a knowledge-based regression approach, which has been successfully used for forecasts at the national level, for subcounty population forecasting. In particular, this study applies four regression models that incorporate demographic characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, transportation accessibility, natural amenities, and land development to examine the population change since 1970 and to prepare the 1990-based forecast of year 2000 population at the minor civil division level in Wisconsin. The findings indicate that this approach does not outperform the extrapolation projections. Although the regression methods produce more precise projections, the least biased projections are often generated by one of the extrapolation techniques. The performance of the knowledge-based regression methods is discounted at subcounty levels by temporal instability and the scale effect. The regression coefficients exhibit a statistically significant level of temporal instability across the estimation and projection periods and tend to change more rapidly at finer geographic scales.
Feminist Disability Studies Pedagogy
Authors: Knoll Kristina R.
Published: May 2009

Feminist disability studies pedagogy encourages instructors to strive for "universally designed" (UD) objects and instruction, while tempering that with feminist analyses of intersectionality. Because each individual has varying experiences of privilege and oppression, in terms of disability, race, class, gender, sexuality, nationality, religion, etc., "one size does (not) fit all" all of the time—which counters the pretense of UD. A pedagogical goal should be to discover who is excluded from particular social and physical privileges, expanding and creating access within the classroom. Those employing universal design strategies must incorporate tools to account for cultural barriers in addition to those listed above, including disabilities and impairments that have yet to be considered in particular arenas of access and accommodation. This article outlines a few of these potential barriers and suggests techniques for creating a more welcoming and accessible environment in one's classroom and department.
The Old Woman and the Rug: The Wonder and Pain of Teaching (and Learning) Chemistry
Authors: Middlecamp Catherine Hurt
Published: May 2009

Learning can be both exhilarating and painful, as is pointed out in the Sufi tale from which this essay takes its title. In our college classrooms, we (and our students) are spared neither of these emotions when we engage in the learning process. This personal essay reflects on the author's experiences teaching two different chemistry courses that have wider societal issues at their core. The first, Chemistry in Context, is a large lecture course. The second is a small course taught at the intersection of indigenous people and nuclear chemistry. This essay weaves together stories from these two courses. The resulting tapestry can reveal to us something about the nature of who we are and what we do in the classroom, perhaps with a bit of wonder and pain.
Full-Contact Pedagogy: Lecturing with Questions and Student-Centered Assignments as Methods for Inciting Self-Reflexivity for Faculty and Students
Authors: Crawley Sara L.
Published: May 2009

A central tenet of feminist pedagogies is to engage students in dialogue, rather than a teacher-centered lecturing method that is commonly used in college classrooms (Chow et al. 2003, Friere 1970, hooks 1994). This possibility is complicated by faculty's charge to impart a particular body of discipline-specific knowledge for each class taught. How can faculty impart this knowledge in such a way as to incite dialogue rather than perpetuate monologue? How shall faculty attempt to get students interested in a subject (and maintain their own excitement for the material) when we have no idea where each student's personal connection with the material lies? In this article, I outline two student-centered pedagogical methods—lecturing with questions and student-centered assignments—in which the goal is to incite students and faculty to full engagement and to think reflexively throughout the classroom experience.
Fostering Preservice Teacher Identity in Science through a Student-Selected Project
Authors: Wink Donald J. , Ellefson Julie , Nishimura Marlynne , Perry Dana , Wenzel Stacy , Choe Jeong-hye Hwang
Published: May 2009

This article addresses the problem of authentic student engagement in the science classroom by incorporating a semester long research and writing assignment that enables students to investigate scientific topics related to strong personal, career, or health interests. Students practice self-reflexivity by journaling about their experiences in the course and with the assignment as the course unfolds. The article presents student voices from the journals to inform their discussion of their own reflections about the problems and promises of this assignment and demonstrates that teacher self-reflexivity requires acknowledging both successes and failures. This article helps us understand how reflexivity can be used to improve student engagement in general education courses, particularly those in which some students feel marginalized.
Facilitating Smart-Girl: Feminist Pedagogy in Service Learning in Action
Authors: Williams Rhonda , Ferber Abby L.
Published: May 2009

This article describes a service learning program, employed at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, which is a replicable model of feminist pedagogy in action. This unique program was specifically developed to increase self-esteem in adolescent girls and involves mentor-led, small-group, activity-based curriculum covering such topics as media and body image, self-confidence, coping with girl bullying, problem solving, refusal skills, sexual harassment, and multicultural competency. College women serve as mentors for groups of middle school girls. The Smart-Girl program incorporates an interactive pedagogy instructing mentors in facilitating adolescent girl groups in real-life issues. The program has a significant impact on both the participants as well as the college guides. This program provides a replicable model of feminist pedagogy in action, where girls and young adult women are empowered to learn from each other.
Teaching Sensitive Issues: Feminist Pedagogy and the Practice of Advocacy-Based Counseling
Authors: Durfee Alesha , Rosenberg Karen
Published: May 2009

In this paper, we discuss ways in which instructors can assist and empower students in crisis using the Advocacy-Based Counseling (ABC) perspective. This praxis, developed by battered women's advocates to inform their work with survivors of intimate partner violence, emphasizes the importance of listening to students, as well as identifying and addressing safety concerns. We also discuss the necessary limits of the instructor's role in these situations, and how to communicate those limits to students. Our discussion begins with some of the reasons students are likely to have problems, covers some of the potential issues raised by teaching about social phenomena in the classroom, and expands to consider a range of sensitive issues. The pedagogy of violence is a useful starting point because of its unfortunate ubiquity. Just as violence respects few boundaries in the social world, instructors in different departments and disciplines are faced with the impacts of violence on their students. The prevalence of violence in society also means that in every class some of our students will be survivors (and perpetrators) of violence, for whom this material may elicit strong reactions. Furthermore, many of the teaching materials we and other instructors use in our courses are inherently emotive, and they often evoke a wide range of responses from students who may have limited personal experience with violence. What are the most productive and sensitive ways to handle this classroom reality? How can we as instructors cultivate a supportive learning environment in which students feel comfortable discussing their reactions to violence in a manner appropriate to the classroom setting? How should this knowledge affect our course design, pedagogical approach, and interactions with students, both in groups and individually? To what extent can or should we modify the traditional instructor/ student relationship to assist students in crisis—and what elements of that relationship should remain unchanged? We explore these questions through an examination of the Advocacy-Based Counseling (ABC) perspective, suggesting strategies that both instructors and administrators can use to better address these situations.
Rodolphe Töpffer and Romanticism
Authors: Willems Philippe
Published: May 2009

This essay seeks to outline Rodolphe Töpffer's relationship with Romanticism in light of the discourse surrounding his introduction to France's literary scene. While Töpffer's prose fiction lived in delicate symbiosis with Romanticism, his graphic novels playfully deconstructed it and his æsthetic discourse unequivocally combated defining aspects of it. Hence, sponsored successively by Xavier de Maistre, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Töpffer subsequently brought upon himself Théophile Gautier's scorn. As such object of polemics, Töpffer's work provides a useful lens for seeing the passage from one Romanticism to another. His situation within nineteenth-century culture is paradoxical: simultaneously part of the rearguard at a key juncture of a cultural paradigm shift and at the vanguard of a narrative revolution that would open the way for one of the next century's most freewheeling forms of storytelling.
"Cautériser la plaie": The Lorette as Social Ill in the Goncourts and Eugène Sue
Authors: Sullivan Courtney A.
Published: May 2009

Throughout the nineteenth century, French writers projected their fears of contagion and social instability onto the figure of the prostitute, fantasizing that these problems could be eradicated through her destruction, containment or punishment. indeed, Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, in their physiologie La Lorette (1853), and Eugène Sue in his short story "La Lorette" (1854), sought to seal off the prostitute's threat in their writing by exposing her menace to society as the contagious purveyor of societal ills. Defining this literary figure through her social, historical, and economic context, this essay also underscores how and why the Goncourts and Sue protested her notoriety.
"Un Artiste en matière de chiffons": The Rag-Picker as a Figure for the Artist in Champfleury's La Mascarade de la vie parisienne
Authors: Bielecki Emma M.
Published: May 2009

The representation of Topino – in Champfleury's 1859 novel, La Mascarade de la vie parisienne – as a figure for the realist writer is one of a number of representations of the rag-picker in the literature of the July Monarchy and Second Empire that encode æsthetic concerns. Reading Champfleury's text alongside Berthaud's sketch of the chiffonnier in Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1841) and Baudelaire's celebrated references to the rag-picker enables us to map the emergence of a conception of the literary process as one that far from enabling an imaginative transcendence of the material realm remains bound to that realm.
(Un)Veiling the Self and the Story: Dandyism, Desire, and Narrative Duplicity in Barbey d'Aurevilly's Les Diaboliques
Authors: Rossbach Susanne
Published: May 2009

In his short story collection Les Diaboliques (1874), Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly made dandyism an important narrative principle. He transferred the subtle and playful revolt that George Brummell staged in high society England to the literary realm. Like the British dandy, Barbey's storytellers cultivate an aesthetic of dissimulation and duplicity. They weave gaps into their narratives and disguise their own role and perspective as narrators. They subvert literary conventions and narrate under false 348 Abstracts pretenses. Barbey ties the seductive quality of narrative and the power of fiction to such deviations from tradition and norm. His storytellers do not provide what their listeners expect or ask for. instead – like Brummell – they constantly tease, surprise, and thus seduce. Their narratives can provide great textual pleasures and yield great power because – like the transparent gauzes that veil and unveil the bodies of Barbey's heroines – they do not gradually reveal their secrets but instead reveal and conceal simultaneously, duplicitously.
The Symptomatic Doctor
Authors: Hadlock Philip
Published: May 2009

As the nineteenth-century French literary tradition becomes increasingly focused on the project to know the body – to make it intelligible as a cultural sign and as a vehicle of consciousness and subjectivity – it progressively turns to medicine as an ally that can be enlisted to bolster its claims to a discourse of knowledge. This paper considers a late nineteenth-century narrative that regards the doctor's knowledge as a symptom of psychic distress pertaining to literature's difficult juncture with the body. Guy de Maupassant's "Une ruse" (1882) presents the case of an elderly doctor who consults with a young bride suffering from fatigue associated with newlywed bliss. The doctor's treatment takes the form of a framed narrative in which he tells the young woman that he once helped a patient dispose of her lover's body when he died in her bed. The narrative situation dramatizes literature's recruitment of the doctor to produce a narrative voice that will overcome the inert body's resistance to its project to record the subject's inner journey toward selfdom and consciousness. To the extent that Maupassant's narrative endows the doctor's inscribed story with meanings that exceeds its language, they make the gesture of storytelling a conspicuous sign of detachment between a mind, its language, and its desire. Here, the doctor becomes a cultural trope that embodies anxieties and nervousness pertaining to realism's declining command over the body's place in the representation of the real.
The Abyss of Freedom: Legitimacy, Unity, and Irony in Constant's Adolphe
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: May 2009

Despite its superficial similarities with Rousseau's Confessions , Constant's Adolphe functions in fact as a devastating critique from within of the entire autobiographical project. Proceeding from the threefold assumption that the soul is irremediably divided, self-opaque, and untranslatable into language, it interrogates the very feasibility of autobiography, implicitly presenting its protagonist's maxims (which only appear to be the fruits of experience altruistically shared) and his claim never to have loved (which only appears to be brutally honest, but is a curious act of self-slander) as desperate attempts to produce the illusion of unity. Behind everything stands the spectre of the French Revolution, its excess of liberty engendering relentless, paralyzing doubt – a thoroughly modern species of self-division from which it is difficult, if not impossible, to recover.
Esthétisation, immaculation, transfiguration dans La Confession de Claude de Zola
Authors: Long Daniel
Published: May 2009

Parue en 1865, La Confession de Claude a longtemps été jugée comme la tentative plus ou moins ratée d'une application par Zola de sa nouvelle doctrine naturaliste à l'écriture romanesque. Pourtant, cette œuvre représente essentiellement l'imaginaire et la sensibilité du Zola pré-naturaliste, alors que les thémes typiquement romantiques de la poétisation, de la purification et de la transformation doivent finalement triompher d'une réalité ignoble et envahissante, et ce, malgré la révision importante que le texte a subie l'année de sa publication. Ainsi, le héros de La Confession de Claude serait fondamentalement un rêveur et nous renseignerait sur le difficile renouvellement du roman à l'ère post-romantique. (in French)
Stendhal's Heroines: Escaping History Through History
Authors: Scott Maria C.
Published: May 2009

This article argues that Stendhal saw historical insight as offering nineteenth-century French women the means of understanding their present condition, of deriving a maximum of happiness from it, and ultimately of moving beyond its limitations. While the author's own interest in history was central to his practice as a writer, his letters to his sister suggest why he considered the study of history to be an especially important component of women's education. The particular interest in historical reading that is evinced by many of Stendhal's fictional heroines, as well as their tendency to emulate strong, often female role models from the past, is shown in his work to have potentially dangerous consequences, but also subversive and self-liberating possibilities.
Globalizing Shrimp: Florida's "Wild & Wonderful Shrimp" Program
Authors: Grimes John R. , Yow Donald M.
Published: May 2009

This paper examines Florida's response to the globalization of the shrimp industry. The U.S. shrimp market has been dramatically transformed by the expansion of aquaculture-produced shrimp in Asia and Latin America as processing and transportation technologies deliver this high-value food to U.S. markets. Florida shrimpers sell wild-caught shrimp sourced from the ocean and are experiencing great difficulty competing with the cheaper imports. The State of Florida developed the "Wild and Wonderful Shrimp" Program as a response to this situation and to aid Florida shrimpers. This program illustrates a role for the state as a promoter and facilitator—that is, a purveyor for the Florida shrimp industry. We examine the "Wild and Wonderful Shrimp" Program and its geographic strategy to influence how consumers think about shrimp as a way to shape the market to benefit Florida shrimpers.
Potential and Actual Accessibility to Hospital and Hospital Services in Northeast Florida
Authors: Loh Chung-Ping A. , Cobb Sharon C. , Johnson Christopher K.
Published: May 2009

This paper attempts to answer several questions addressing the provision of health care services in the Jacksonville, Florida MSA. Previous literature in the field of medical geography has focused on describing potential accessibility to hospitals and healthcare services, but this study also models actual use of such services by using a hospital patient database. Findings from a GIS-based analysis using ESRI ArcGIS and the Business Analyst extension suggests that distance to the nearest hospital is not the best measure of access to hospital care because of the lack of consideration of hospital capacity. This study demonstrates that health services delivery can be better understood and planned when the potential accessibilities to services and the actual utilization of such services are jointly considered.
Representation, Identity, and Environmental Action among Florida Surfers
Authors: Hill Lauren , Abbott J. Anthony
Published: May 2009

The identity of surfers and the surfing industry is intimately connected with romantic conceptions of nature linked to the ocean. Representations of surfers, such as those from deep ecology, recent scholarly work, the Surfrider Foundation, and within countless surfing media sources tend to include a keen sense of environmental awareness and developed environmental ethics. To investigate the surfer-environmentalist connection, specifically aiming to uncover if surfing inspires environmental action, we question Florida surfers about how nature plays into their surfing experience and how surfing may influence their roles as ecological actors. Using a two phase, mixed methods approach, we find that surfers generally self-identify as ecologically aware and socially active for environmental protection, reflecting the popular representations of the surfing community. In contrast, analysis of respondents' activities reveals lifestyles often incongruent with environmentally progressive ideologies and practice.
Florida Hurricanes and Damage Costs
Authors: Malmstadt Jill , Scheitlin Kelsey , Elsner James
Published: May 2009

Florida has been visited by some of the most destructive and devastating hurricanes on record in the United States causing well over $450 billion in damage since the early 20 th century. The value of insured property in Florida against windstorm damage is the highest in the nation and on the rise. The frequency and severity of hurricanes affecting Florida are examined from the best set of available data and the damages are related to characteristics of the storms at landfall. Results show that normalized losses are increasing over time consistent with small increases in hurricane intensity and hurricane size. The best predictor of potential losses is minimum central pressure. Hurricane size alone or in combination with hurricane intensity does not improve on the simpler relationship. An estimate of potential losses from hurricanes can be obtained using a formula involving only a forecast of the minimum pressure at landfall. The ability to estimate potential losses in Florida will increase the ability to estimate losses in other areas of the United States, and will also allow policy makers and insurance companies to provide relevant information to the concerned public.
Comparing the Rainfall Patterns Produced by Hurricanes Frances (2004) and Jeanne (2004) over Florida
Authors: Matyas Corene J. , Cartaya Mario
Published: May 2009

During 2004, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne produced heavy rainfall across Florida. Although making landfall at the same location and moving along similar tracks, these storms produced different rainfall patterns. We employ a GIS to analyze rain gauge and radar-estimated rainfall data spatially, and we determine which physical mechanisms caused the asymmetrical rain swaths produced by each storm. We find that due to a moist environment and weakening vertical wind shear, the rain fields of Frances covered a large area. Strong convection in several outer rainbands and slow forward velocity yielded high rainfall totals. Although Jeanne contained more convective rainfall than Frances, vertical wind shear, a faster forward velocity, and existence within a relatively dry environment caused rainfall totals to be lower. The techniques employed in this study could be applied to a larger number of landfalling tropical cyclones to better understand where high rain totals occur under different combinations of environmental conditions.
Health Care Expenditures Associated With Skeletal Fractures Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2005
Authors: Kilgore Meredith L , Morrisey Michael A , Becker David J , Gary Lisa C , Curtis Jeffrey R , Saag Kenneth G , Yun Huifeng , Matthews Robert , Smith Wilson , Taylor Allison , Arora Tarun , Delzell Elizabeth
Published: May 2009

Fractures impose substantial burdens, in terms of both costs and health, on individuals and health care systems. This is particularly true for older Americans and the Medicare system. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs of care associated with selected fractures among Medicare beneficiaries. This was a retrospective, person-level, pre/postfracture analysis using administrative data. The study used Medicare claims data from 1999 through 2005 for a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The subjects included Medicare beneficiaries, ≥65 yr of age, who had at least 13 mo of both Parts A and B coverage and not enrolled in Medicare Advantage and who experienced a closed fracture of the hip, femur, pelvis, tibia/fibula, ankle, distal forearm, nondistal radius/ulna, humerus, clavicle, spine, or wrist, or any fracture of the distal forearm or ankle during the years 2000 through 2005. The main outcome measures were incremental (greater than baseline) and attributable (directly associated) payments for Medicare-covered services for the first 6 mo after incident fractures. Incremental payments ranged from $7788 (95% CI, $7550–$8025) for distal forearm fractures to $31,310 (95% CI, $31,073–$31,547) for open hip fractures; the attributable payments for distal forearm and hip fractures were $1856 and $18,734, respectively. Fractures are associated with substantial increases in health services utilization and costs among Medicare beneficiaries, but significant proportions of those costs are not directly attributable to fracture treatment. Further research is needed to ascertain other health conditions that are driving costs for Medicare beneficiaries after fractures.
Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies
Authors: Veselka Livia , Schermer Julie Aitken , Petrides K. V. , Vernon Philip Anthony
Published: May 2009

Two studies were conducted to see whether a general factor of personality (GFP) could be extracted from different measures of personality. Using samples of twins in both studies also allowed an assessment of the extent to which genetic and/ or environmental factors contributed to individual differences in the GFPs that were found. In Study 1, principal components analysis of the Big Five personality traits in combination with four scales of mental toughness yielded a strong GFP and behavior genetic model-fitting showed that individual differences in this GFP were fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. In Study 2, a GFP was extracted from the Big Five traits in combination with 15 facets of emotional intelligence. Individual differences in this GFP were also fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. These studies add to the growing body of research demonstrating the existence of a GFP and replicate one previous report of its heritability.
Physical Activity in Adolescence as a Predictor of Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Population-Based Twin Study
Authors: Korhonen Tellervo , Kujala Urho M. , Rose Richard J. , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: May 2009

We investigated prospectively whether physical activity level in adolescence predicts use of alcohol and illicit drugs in early adulthood. We studied 4,240 individual twins (1,870 twin pairs). We classified those who consistently reported frequent leisure physical activity at ages 16, 17 and 181/2 as persistent exercisers, those exercising less than three times monthly as persistently inactive, and all others as occasional exercisers. To control for familial confounds, within-family analyses compared activity-substance use associations in co-twins discordant for baseline physical activity. Individual-based analyses showed no clear association between baseline physical activity and subsequent weekly alcohol consumption. However, weekly alcohol intoxication (OR = 1.9,p= .002) and problems due to alcohol use (OR = 2.0,p< .001) were more common among persistently inactive participants. After excluding those reporting weekly intoxication at baseline, the risk for alcohol intoxication remained elevated among women occasionally (OR = 2.4,p= .017) or persistently (OR = 5.8,p< .001) inactive at baseline, but this association was not replicated within discordant twin pairs. Individual-based analyses showed that drug use in adulthood was more common among those persistently physically inactive in adolescence (OR = 3.7,p< .001) in comparison to those persistently active. This finding was replicated within discordant twin pairs. Among those with no drug experience during adolescence, persistent inactivity (OR = 1.9,p= .007) increased risk for drug use. We conclude that persistent physical inactivity in adolescence may increase the risk of later problems due to excess alcohol use. Sedentary lifestyle predicts illicit drug use even when controlling for familial factors.
A Prospective Twin Registry in Southwestern China (TRiSC): Exploring the Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Cognitive and Behavioral Development and Mental Health Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Huang Yi , Collier David , Li Tao
Published: May 2009

The goals, prospects and methods of the Prospective Twin Registry in Southwestern China (TRiSC) are described. The aim of this study is to measure children's behavioral development and psychopathology from phenotypic, genetic and environmental perspectives. It focuses on measuring children's behavior and psychopathology from child self-reports, as well as parental and teacher informant reports, and relating it to the children's general cognitive abilities, and to the parenting style in the family. Other variables of interest such as children's temperament and parental health status are discussed, as well as plans for further research.