bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Marine Recycled Concrete Specimen Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Liu Wen Bai , Chen Wang Nan , Li Xia
Published: February 2012

Based on ABAQUS, this article builds up a dispersion cracking model and carries out the numerical simulation of the influence of sea water erosion depth and intension upon marine recycled concrete specimen. Compared with stress-strain curve from the experiment, it can be easily found that the experimental results match well with that of simulation through the numerical simulation of uniaxial compression on average concrete, recycled concrete corroded by seawater and the same concrete after vacuum pumping, which shows two kinds of curves stay close to each other. From the results of the simulation, strain develops from the edges to the middle of the cube until it runs through the whole section, which basically corresponds with the outcome observed in the experiment.
Temperature Field Numerical Simulation Analysis of 1000MW Ultra Supercritical Boiler’s Starting Water Separator
Authors: Li Na , Ye Feng
Published: February 2012

Aiming at the structural feature of starting water separator, a 3-D finite element model of temperature field is proposed. The starting water separator of a Ultra Supercritical Boiler(USB) has been numerically simulated by using of finite element soft ware Ansys. The boundary condition of the separator is determined. All of the working conditions are simulated. The results have the same distribution laws with the monitoring data of power plant. The maximum temperature difference between out wall and inner wall occurs in the temperature-rise period during the cold start-up, but the value between top wall and bottom wall is very lower. The simulation results can not only provide a basis for the thermal stress analysis and the life loss calculation but also provide rationalization proposal for the plant safe operation.
The Application of D-S Improving Algorithm in Data Fusion
Authors: Ma Zhi Gang
Published: February 2012

As one of the most important data fusion methods used for dealing with uncertainty problems, the D-S evidence reasoning has been applied to lots of data fusion systems. In this paper, the evidence combination principles of D-S evidence theory are represented in detail firstly. In view of the deficiency of D-S method, one of improved evidence combination method is introduced. A given practical example demonstrates that the improved method can be applied to dominating multi evidences with great confliction, and the performance and reliability of fusion can also be improved.
Design and Optimization of Bolster Casting Process
Authors: Fu Li Bin , Yang Jun
Published: February 2012

The low-pressure casting method has been used to the foundry process of bolster. According to the structural characteristics of the cast and the design process of low-pressure casting, the process programs had been accomplished. Through comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several group programs by computer simulation, after determining the initial process program, we optimized the casting process according observing the processes of cast filling and solidification by the computer simulation process of running castings. The risers and chills are very important. The contraction area of cast appears on the large flat, and the risers had been set on the large flat. This can not only play the role of feeding but also have the function of scavenging action.
Dedection of Parathion Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of O-Aminothiophenol
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Ye
Published: February 2012

A new electrochemical modified electrode for the detection of parathion was constructed based on molecularly imprinted polymer of self-assembled o-aminothiophenol onto gold electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was employed in the process of electropolymerization and electrochemical measurements. The template molecules and the nonbound o-aminothiophenol were removed from the modified electrode surface by washing with 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid. The effects of the ratio of monomers to templates, pH and incubation time on the reduction peak current of parathion at the imprinted polymer film coated electrodes were demonstrated. Parathion imprinted and nonimprinted polymer films were exposed to a series of closely related compounds and the sensor exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity to parathion. A highly linear response to parathion in the concentration range of 5.0×10-7～1.0×10-4mol/L was observed, with a detection limit of 2.0×10-7mol/L estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.
An Wavelet Image Automatic Threshold Selection Denoising Method
Authors: Zhao Shuang Ping , Li Xiang Wei , Xing Jing Hong , Zheng Gong
Published: February 2012

A wavelet image automatic threshold selection denoising method based on wavelet transform and genetic algorithm. Firstly, wavelet transition is introduced to an original signal and selecting a wavelet and a level of wavelet decomposition. Secondly, the automatic thresholds of every level of wavelet resolved are obtained by using genetic algorithms. At the same time, the high coefficients of every level were quantized. Thirdly, inverse transition of the coefficients was processed and achieves the final resulting signals. Compared to traditional threshold methods, the proposed method has advantages that it can implement quickly optimal threshold and good capability and stabilization. The final experiments results show that using the proposed algorithm can obtain satisfactory denoising effect.
Research on a PLC Simulation Control Apparatus for Intelligent Traffic Lights
Authors: Gui Sheng Fang , Gao An Zheng
Published: February 2012

In this paper an intelligent traffic light simulation control apparatus based on PLC and touch panel is developed. The device uses the touch panel as the master computer, PLC as the control kernel, the photoelectric switch and the sound sensor for vehicle detection components, to control the traffic lights and nixie tubes. Some conventional functions are realized to simulate the real road traffic lights control system, for example, alternatively working of the red lights, the yellow lights and the green lights, time countdown showing function, manual adjustment of the time, etc. Besides, the system can automatically adjust the time of traffic lights by the traffic flow in different directions, and can automatically change the working modes of the traffic lights by the current system time. The practical application shows that the device can not only promote students’ learning interests and improve students’ practical ability and creativity, but also can be used to control the real traffic lights if the traffic flow detectors are substituted by the earth inductors or the infrared cameras.
Research on a Composite Polynomial Model for Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Yao Jia Ling , Shi Wen Ku , Lu Jin Feng
Published: February 2012

The reported mathematical models of magnetorheological (MR) damper cannot make a good tradeoff among reflecting the damper’s nonlinear behavior and controllability. Damping characteristic experiments have been conducted on a MR damper. A composite polynomial model has been proposed integrating the experimental investigation and the polynomial model, in which the plot of polynomial coefficient vs. current is divided into two sections to reflect the property of the current saturation, meanwhile, the affections of exciting amplitude and frequency are considered in this model. The reverse model of the proposed model is easy to be obtained, so it is convenient to realize an open-loop control system to achieve a desirable damping force. The parameters of this model are identified using experimental data in a certain frequency and amplitude, as well as diverse currents. Compared numerical simulation with experimental data, it is verified that the proposed model can accurately predict the damping force without modifying the parameters of the model when frequency, amplitude and current changed.
Teaching and Research on Assembly Language
Authors: Wang Fu Rong
Published: February 2012

Assembly Language is an important specialized core course for the computer majors, which is also difficult to be taught. This thesis analyzed present teaching state of assembly language based on features of assembly language and the actual conditions of students of Henan Polytechnic University. With the study of the important and difficult points of this course and experimental teaching, the author raised relevant solutions.
PID Controller Design Based on Modified IMC and Optimal Robust Performance Based on Applied Mechanics
Authors: Tan Gong Quan , Chen Yong Hui , Gan Shu Chuan
Published: February 2012

In this work, PID design with acceptable performance and robustness of closed-loop system was introduced. With the normalized time constant of internal model control (IMC) replaced by a damping ratio and a new time constant, a modified IMC was proposed and could be equivalent to a proportional integral derivative (PID) control. Since the control systems always have a dilemma between performance and robustness, the robust performance index was created with the integral of absolute error (IAE) weighted by the maximum sensitivity (Ms) with an exponential factor and the PID parameters were optimized through it. As an example, an empirical weighted factor 1.5 was selected to obtain the self-tuning PID formula for first-order plus delay time (FOPDT) processes. Simulation results show that the proposed PID control achieves good closed-loop performance and robustness.
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Power System State Estimation with Intelligent Materials
Authors: Liu Yun Jing , Wang Feng Wen
Published: February 2012

With the development of power systems, the problem of security, stability and economics has become increasingly important. Reliable real-time data base is the foundation of analysis of the systems security and stability. Power system state estimation is used to build reliable real-time model of the power network. It has the on-line security analysis function. Power systems are large, complex systems containing highly nonlinear components. Therefore, traditional approaches often have difficulties in finding the optimal solution efficiently. Artificial intelligence techniques are being applied to a wide range of practical problems in power system. With their ability to some laws of nature and mimic human reasoning, AI techniques such as fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm seem to be more efficient in dealing with large systems and complex problems. Artificial intelligence techniques have been applied in power system applications. This paper presents a method of adaptive genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic applied in phasor measurement placement and bad data identification. And simulation is evaluated on IEEE 22-bus power system.
Preparation and Evaluation of Monolithic Silica Capillary Column for Reversed-Phase Capillary Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Chen Ya Shun , Jia Li , Liu Wei , Yi Zhong Zhou , He Fang Fang
Published: February 2012

Octadecyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary columns with inner diameters of 100 and 200 micrometers for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography were prepared in the fused-silica capillary via sol-gel process. Their performance was evaluated and compared by the separation of alkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, butylbenzene). The column back pressure and linear velocity of mobile phase were investigated. The results show that the monolithic silica capillary columns exhibit good performance for the separation of alkylbenzenes.
Growth of the Sol-Gel Based ZnO:Al Thin Films with High Doping Concentration
Authors: Chen Jian Lin , Ren Yan Jie , Chen Jian , He Jian Jun , Chen Ding
Published: February 2012

Preferentially oriented Al-doped ZnO thin films with doping concentration of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 mol% respectively were prepared on glass substrates via sol-gel route. The crystallinity of films was characterized by X-ray diffraction and the surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that ZnO:Al films at low doping concentration (1, 2 mol%) grow into dense homogenous microstructure. However, as for high doping concentration (3, 5, 10 mol%), Al3+ precipitate in the form of amorphous Al2O3 and ZnO:Al films exhibit heterogeneous nucleation and exceptional growth of the big plate-like crystals at the interface of the amorphous Al2O3 and ZnO:Al matrix.
Aperiodic Fiber Grating with Asymmetric Spectrum Structure and its Application in Filtering Technique
Authors: Su Yu , Ren Jian Hua , Zhao Tong Gang , Shen Shu Qun , Wu Wei
Published: February 2012

An aperiodic fiber grating with asymmetric reflection spectrum structure is studied, and its spectrum characteristics are described by an introduced parameter, the spectrum profile slope, which can measure the spectrum asymmetric property. Based on the fiber gratings with asymmetric reflection spectra, a new sort of tunable narrow band-pass fiber grating filter is designed as its application, whose characteristics, namely working wavelength, band width, and tunable range, are analyzed as well.
Characterization of 12-Phase AC Arc Discharge and Glass In-Flight Melting Behavior
Authors: Yao Yao Chun , Watanabe Takayuki , Yatsuda Kazuyuki
Published: February 2012

Thermal plasma of 12-phase AC arc was successfully developed and applied in the field of glass in-flight melting, and the arc discharge behavior was characterized by image analysis. The effects of sheath gas flow rate on arc discharge and melting behavior of granulated glass raw material were investigated. Results show that different sheath gas flow rates lead to various arc discharge and high-temperature region. The fluctuation of luminance area ratio and coefficient of variation reflects the change of arc discharge behavior. As the sheath gas flow rate increases, the ratio of luminance area decreases and the center temperature of arc increases. The vitrification degree of glass raw material is mostly dependent on the center temperature of arc, higher center temperature and more vitrification degree.
Research of the Relation between the Industry Structure and Carbon Emissions in China
Authors: Zhang Li Feng
Published: February 2012

The green house gases emission have made a notable impact on the economy, environment and mankind existence by the humanity activities. With fast economic development, the carbon emissions are growing. There has a huge pressure to control the green house gases emissions. In order to lessen the green house gases emissions and to realize the market in 2020 and the economic sustainable development, this paper analyses the relationship between the industry structure and the carbon emissions, and puts forward the countermeasures.
Study on Solid-State Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Distiller’s Grains and Food Waste for Methane Production
Authors: Wang Li Hong , Wang Qun Hui , Cai Wei Wei
Published: February 2012

Solid-state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) of distiller’s grains (DG) and kitchen waste (KW) for biogas was investigated. Six DG to KW ratios of 10/1, 8/1, 6/1, 4/1, 1/0, and 0/1 was used. The results showed that in 48 digestion days the co-digestion with DG to KW ratio of 8:1 obtained the highest methane yield of 159.74mL/gTS, TS and VS reductions of 58.7% and 71.8%, hemicellulase, cellulose and lignin reductions of 46.7%, 45.4% and 4.0%. Compared to mono-digestions of DG or KW, co-digestion of DG and FW had a good synergistic effect. It indicated that SSAD of cellulosic-based waste and food waste could be one of the options for efficient biogas production and waste treatment
Application of Projection Pursuit Regression in the Fault Diagnose of Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle Hydraulic Motor Based on Applied Mechanics
Authors: Dong Yu Cai , Fan Ge Hua , Yi Liang Hai , Zhang Ling , Lin Min
Published: February 2012

The hydraulic motor of amphibious assault vehicle is one of the important output executive components of the hydraulic system whose performance has an important influence for the whole system. According to the high failure rate, fault detection and location problems of hydraulic system, this paper explore the relationship between the leakage of amphibious assault vehicle and each influential factor, establish the leakage predication model by projection pursuit regression method and get a better predicated effect. It has great significance for the fault diagnosis of hydraulic motor of amphibious assault vehicle.
Effect of Vacuum Annealing Temperature on Properties of Ga-Doped ZnO Films Deposited by DC Magnetron Reactive Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Ji Sen , Yang Hui Dong , Huang Bo , Yu Song , Zeng Li Xin
Published: February 2012

The Ga-doped ZnO thin films (GZO) were deposited at room temperature by DC magnetron reactive sputtering. The influence of vacuum annealing temperature on the morphology, internal stress, optical and electrical properties were investigated. The results showed that with the rise of annealing temperature, the grain size increased, the preferred orientation and crystallization degree became better, the internal stress reduced, the resistivity firstly decreased slightly before 350°C and then increased sharply. The minimum resistivity of 1.32×10-3Ω•cm was obtained at 350°C. The annealing temperature had a very big influence on the transmittance, and the average transmittance was about 80% in the visible range.
Cause and Preventive Measures of Bright-Craterlet on Hydrophile Aluminum Foil
Authors: Gao Jing Zhong , Zhou Shu De , Kong Xiang Hua
Published: February 2012

The morphology of bright-craterlet during hydrophile aluminum foil rolling was analyzed by SEM and metalloscope. Two kinds of bright-craterlet were found, one is sliding-line type bright-craterlet and another is crater type bright-craterlet. The results show that sliding-line type bright-craterlet is caused by the poor degasification in the cast-rolling process. On the other hand, the crater type bright-craterlet is caused by the porosity. The main reason for these defects is the low cast-rolling rate. The preventive measures were also examined to improve qualities of hydrophile aluminum foils further.
Effect of the Impurity Concentration of a-Si:H on the Properties of a-Si:H/c-S Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Lan E , Zhong Chun Liang
Published: February 2012

Effect of the impurity concentration of a-Si:H, ND2, on the properties of a-Si:H/c-S heterojunction solar cells is studied by a set of AMPS simulations. The results show that the short-circuit current almost not depends on ND2. At a low doping level, the electric field redistributes in the c-Si depletion region and the barrier at the heterojunction interface hinders the collection of photogenerated holes. It results in an enhanced recombination inside the c-Si depletion region and the S-Shaped J-V characteristics. As a sequence, the open-circuit voltage VOC and the fill factor FF decreases with ND2 decreasing. However, at a high doping level, VOC and FF is independent on ND2 as the diffusion potential is mainly accommodated in the c-Si. So the efficiency increases with ND2 increasing at a low doping level, and then is independent on ND2 at a high doping level. Therefore, to improve the properties of a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells, the a-Si:H layer should be highly doped.
The Empirical Research on the Relationship of China’s GDP and Oil-Import
Authors: Ju Yao Ji , Li Jian Ming
Published: February 2012

In the current situation, Chinese economy is developing rapidly, and needs import huge quality of oil from different countries. About the relationship between Chinese GDP and quality of import, the thesis uses VAR model to analysis it. The econometric analysis result shows that GDP does Granger cause oil, and imported oil does Granger GDP. And it means that China’s economy development cause the increasing of oil-import and more oil helps the economy develop rapidly. In the end, we have some suggestions to safeguard country’s oil supply safety.
Study and Current Environmental Situations Evaluation on an Expanding Project of Coal Gangue Power Plant
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: February 2012

To assess environmental feasibility of Expanding Project of Heilongjiang Dadong Coal Gangue Power Plant (EPHDCGPP) and predict it’s influence to ambient, according to government laws, codes and regulations such as 《The Specific Guide to Environmental Impact Assessment》 and technical features of the project, the range, grade, standards and factors of current situations evaluation were determined. And then the current situations on air, surface water and noises were measured. The results indicates that the shared rates of TSP, SO2 and NO2 are 66.08%, 15.11% and 18.81% respectively in which TSP dominates. TSP pollution is nearly saturated. SO2 and NO2 pollution still have some carrying capacity. Polluting indexes exceeded standards are SS, Volatilize phenol, DO, CODMn and BOD5. This indicates that local Mudong River has been seriously polluted. Noise values in day time are less than 55 dB(A) and values in night are less than 45 dB(A) . This indicates that the remained carrying capacity of acoustic environment is still big. All this work laid a sound foundation for later environmental influence prediction and appraisal.
Realtime Driving Fatigue Monitoring System with Optical Function Materials Based on Controllable Infrared Light
Authors: Zhang Liang Xiu , Cao Yong , Cao Feng Ping , Guo Rong Chun
Published: February 2012

A feasible driver fatigue monitoring system based on controllable infrared light is presented. This system adopts controllable infrared light to get the light and dark image of the pupil, and preprocess the image using differences, gaussian smoothing filter and binaryzation. Then the location of driver’s eyes is detected by template matching algorithm. Finally, Kalman Filter is implemented to track the eyes in order to detect the state of the eyes. This mechanism features accuracy, responsiveness and adaptability to various situations.
Determination Cadmium in Panax notoginseng of Chinese Herbal Medicine by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Based on Biological Materials
Authors: Huang Zhao Long , Feng Shao Ping , Zhang Yu Da , Kong Du Lin , Chen Ya Shun , Liu Wei
Published: February 2012

A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method for cadmium determination in Chinese herbal medicines was prepared. In this study, 2% (NH4)2HPO4 was used as matrix modifier, which could enhance the ashing temperature and eliminate the matrix interference.Cadmium has been determined using GFAAS method with deuterium background correction. The linear ranges of cadmium was 0 to 10 µg/L and the analytical detection limits was 0.13 µg/L, respectively. The precision relative standard deviations was 3.82% and the spike recoveries range from 97.5% to 101.3%.
Photocatalytic Activity of Mixture of TiO2 and HZSM-5 Treated with NH4Cl
Authors: Zhang Wen Jie , Chen Jin Lei
Published: February 2012

HZSM-5 was prepared from NaZSM-5 through treatment with NH4Cl. Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was investigated as the factors of HZSM-5 amount and reaction time. Adsorption of methyl orange on the mixtures varied slightly in the range from 1% to 10% when using zeolite in the concentration up to 800 mg/l. Adsorption contributed a small percent in the total decoloration of methyl orange. With increasing HZSM-5 concentration in the solution, total decoloration rate changed in a wide range. The maximum decoloration value was obtained in HZSM-5 concentration of 104 mg/l. After 70 min of irradiation, methyl orange decoloration on the mixture reached 99.5%.
Preparation and Catalytic Performance of Co-Mo/V2O5 Composite Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Song Hua , Song Hua Lin , Jin Zai Shun
Published: February 2012

A new type composite catalyst Co-Mo/V2O5 was prepared by immersion method and characterized by XRD, BET and FT-IR. The effects of Mo mass fraction, immersion time and calcination temperature on catalyst activity for oxidation of cyclohexane were investigated. Co-Mo/V2O5 subjected to immersion with 20% ammonium molybdate solution at room temperature for 1 h and calcination at 600°C exhibited the best performance. Using 0.5 ml of cyclohexane, 3 ml of hydrogen peroxide and 30 mg of catalyst at a reaction temperature of 65°C for 3 h, the cyclohexane conversion was 32.3% and the total selectivity to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone was 100%.
Projection Pursuit Model Selection in the Shaft Construction under Complex Conditions Application
Authors: Ai Sheng Li , He Li Li , Chen Mu Jie
Published: February 2012

To overcome the shortcomings of the selection of shaft construction under complex conditions, a selection model for the construction plan based on projection pursuit (PP) was presented. The genetic algorithm was employed to realize the projection pursuit. And the values of the evaluation index were synthesized into a one-dimension projection value which was used to finish the plans. The genetic algorithm was employed to realize the projection pursuit. And the values of the evaluation index were synthesized into a one-dimension projection value which was used to finish the plans. Engineering practice shows that the method can realize the assessment simply, objectively and feasibly. This work has significance for the selection of shaft construction under complex conditions.
Study on the Rational Sampling Numbers of Soil Moisture Monitoring for Cotton
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Guo Yu , Lei Xiao Yun
Published: February 2012

In order to establish rational soil moisture monitoring system for under film drip irrigation. With samples taken with grid sampling method and random sampling method at the field of 148 Tuan of Div 8th (Shihezi area) in Xinjiang and the soil moisture data obtained along the different depth underground, which are then analyzed with typical statistic methods, the methods to determine the numbers and the distribution mode of sampling points are put forward and the relative errors of soil moisture contents gained with different sampling types and numbers are analyzed in the paper.
Photocatalytic Degradation Studies of J-Acid under Visible Light and Ultrasonic Activation Using Dye Sensitised TiO2
Authors: Kaur Sumandeep , Singh Vasundhara
Published: February 2012

The work presented in this paper is focused on the influence of dye sensitized TiO2 for the elimination of a toxic dye intermediate J-acid (6-Amino naphthol-3-sulphonic acid). Effect of catalyst concentration, pH, initial concentration, H2O2 and ultrasound on the photocatalytic degradation of the dye intermediate was studied using an immersion well slurry reactor. A comparison of the catalytic activity of dye sensitized TiO2 with UV 100 and ZnO photocatalysts under visible light illumination was also done.
Geology and mineralization of the link between Hope Bay and Elu Greenstone Belts, northeastern Slave Craton, Nunavut
Authors: Mvondo H , Lentz D , Bardoux M , James D T
Published: February 2012

Located in the NE Bathurst Block of the Slave Craton, the Hope Bay and Elu belts are two Neoarchean greenstone belts striking N-S and NE-SW, respectively. The Elu Belt (EB) southern end is deflected westwards to form a concave connection termed the Elu Link (EL)
where 2716 to 2663 Ma supracrustals are in part shared with the adjacent Hope Bay Belt (HBB). The EL supracrustal sequence consists mainly of tholeiitic pillowed metabasalts with lesser amounts of interleaved metadacite, metarhyolite, iron formation, and metashale, having variably recorded D1 - D3
deformation. Supracrustals appear to be seamlessly in contact with syn-D1 migmatite orthogneiss on the EL eastern margin. Orthogneiss and supracrustal rocks were both intruded by syn- to late-D2 metagabbros and metagranites. Like in the HBB, Archean magmatic rocks of the EL originated from deep and
upper mantle sources in a probable back-arc setting. Sparse NE-striking Proterozoic dolerite dikes derived from deep mantle sources cut the entire rock mass. D1 deformation was successively accompanied by hydrothermal alteration and prograde metamorphism reaching epidote-amphibolite facies peak
conditions, but related structures are strongly obscured by D2 + D3 overprint. D2 that initiated under prograde metamorphism and was further accompanied by greenschist retrogression deformed D1 fabrics around tight to open curvilinear F2 folds forming a foliation triple junction between the EB +
HBB. The F2 folds together with L2 radial stretching lineation and coeval shear zones show that the EL is rimmed around a syn-compression large-scale D2 dome. D3 is a brittle-ductile deformation lacking any visible fabric. Both D2 + D3 denote vertical general flattening dominated transpression with
E-W maximum compression and N-S minimum extension. They illustrate asymmetric syn-compression exhumation of the HBB and EB that were further affected by strain-free greenschist retrogression due to the Thelon Orogeny. The mineralization comprising Au-As-Cu-Zn metals in most EL rock units occurred
prior and, possibly, during metamorphism, was further remobilized by subsequent tectonic and thermal events. It follows that ore mineralization occurrence in the EL is chiefly lithologically and structurally controlled.
A Systems Biology Approach in Therapeutic Response Study for Different Dosing Regimens—a Modeling Study of Drug Effects on Tumor Growth using Hybrid Systems
Authors: Li Xiangfang , Qian Lijun , Bittner Michale L. , Dougherty Edward R.
Published: February 2012

Motivated by the frustration of translation of research advances in the molecular and cellular biology of cancer into treatment, this study calls for cross-disciplinary efforts and proposes a methodology of incorporating drug pharmacology information into drug therapeutic response modeling using a computational systems biology approach. The objectives are two fold. The first one is to involve effective mathematical modeling in the drug development stage to incorporate preclinical and clinical data in order to decrease costs of drug development and increase pipeline productivity, since it is extremely expensive and difficult to get the optimal compromise of dosage and schedule through empirical testing. The second objective is to provide valuable suggestions to adjust individual drug dosing regimens to improve therapeutic effects considering most anticancer agents have wide inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability and a narrow therapeutic index. A dynamic hybrid systems model is proposed to study drug antitumor effect from the perspective of tumor growth dynamics, specifically the dosing and schedule of the periodic drug intake, and a drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics information are linked together in the proposed model using a state-space approach. It is proved analytically that there exists an optimal drug dosage and interval administration point, and demonstrated through simulation study.
Gene Selection using a High-Dimensional Regression Model with Microarrays in Cancer Prognostic Studies
Authors: Kaneko Shuhei , Hirakawa Akihiro , Hamada Chikuma
Published: February 2012

Mining of gene expression data to identify genes associated with patient survival is an ongoing problem in cancer prognostic studies using microarrays in order to use such genes to achieve more accurate prognoses. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) is often used for gene selection and parameter estimation in high-dimensional microarray data. The lasso shrinks some of the coefficients to zero, and the amount of shrinkage is determined by the tuning parameter, often determined by cross validation. The model determined by this cross validation contains many false positives whose coefficients are actually zero. We propose a method for estimating the false positive rate (FPR) for lasso estimates in a high-dimensional Cox model. We performed a simulation study to examine the precision of the FPR estimate by the proposed method. We applied the proposed method to real data and illustrated the identification of false positive genes.
The Impact of Exercise on the Mental Health and Quality of Life of People with Severe Mental Illness: A Critical Review
Authors: Alexandratos Kristy , Barnett Fiona , Thomas Yvonne
Published: February 2012

Introduction:

Physical exercise has been proven to benefit the general population in terms of mental health and wellbeing. However, there is little research investigating the impact of exercise on mental health and quality of life for people who experience a severe and enduring mental illness.

Method:

This review aims to describe the effect of physical exercise intervention on the mental health and quality of life of people with severe mental illness. Quantitative and qualitative articles published between 1998–2009 were sourced using electronic databases. Articles were included if the study intervention involved exercise and the outcome measure included mental health or quality of life. Sixteen articles were analysed for common themes and appraised critically.

Findings:

The findings show that exercise can contribute to improvements in symptoms, including mood, alertness, concentration, sleep patterns and psychotic symptoms. Exercise can also contribute to improved quality of life through social interaction, meaningful use of time, purposeful activity and empowerment.

Implications:

Future research is warranted to describe the way exercise can meet the unique needs of this population. Studies with a focus on psychological outcome measures would provide greater evidence for its use in therapy.
Dance as a Complex Intervention in an Acute Mental Health Setting: A Place ‘In-Between’
Authors: Froggett Lynn , Little Robert
Published: February 2012

Introduction:

There is little research on dance in acute mental health settings in the National Health Service. This study evaluated a dance programme in an acute setting. Occupational therapists collaborated with a professional dancer to facilitate the programme.

Method:

The literature review revealed that studies on the benefits of dance tended to focus on clinical outcomes. This study adopted a mixed-method psychosocial approach. It used the Herth Hope Index with 11 service users. Fifteen interviews were conducted with service users. Five members of staff were interviewed and film-based data were also utilised. Interpretation panels were used to analyse and triangulate findings.

Findings:

The study found that the value of the dance programme was related to its ‘in-between’ status. Dance connected the inner and outer experience of service users by engaging the creative imagination and translating it into movement. It also contributed to a hopeful but realistic sense of connection between mind and body and to social groups inside and outside the hospital.

Conclusion:

Dance is a complex intervention, which provides an appropriate challenge for service users in acute mental health settings while contributing to a sense of biopsychosocial integration. As such, it has much to offer contemporary occupational therapy.
Occupational Therapy to Facilitate Physical Activity and Enhance Quality of Life for Individuals with Complex Neurodisability
Authors: Cunningham Crystal , Wensley Ruth , Blacker Danielle , Bache Jane , Stonier Claire
Published: February 2012

This critical reflection on practice uses case study examples from the Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability (RHN), a national medical charity, to illustrate the importance of meaningful physical activity and the challenges faced when facilitating this for individuals with complex neurodisability. It demonstrates the role that occupational therapists play, and the importance of multidisciplinary team working to enable these individuals to return to activities and roles that are personally fulfilling. Finally, it challenges the traditional view of physical activity, highlighting the benefits in terms of facilitating a positive self-identity, providing an opportunity for choice and control, promoting social interaction and enhancing quality of life.
Temperature dependent halogen activation by N2O5 reactions on halide-doped ice surfaces
Authors: Lopez-Hilfiker F. D. , Constantin K. , Kercher J. P. , Thornton J. A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We examined the reaction of N2O5 on frozen halide salt solutions as a function of temperature and composition using a coated wall flow tube technique coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The molar yield of photo-labile halogen compounds was near unity for almost all conditions studied, with the observed reaction products being nitryl chloride (ClNO2) and/or molecular bromine (Br2). The relative yield of ClNO2 and Br2 depended on the ratio of bromide to chloride ions in the solutions used to form the ice. At a bromide to chloride ion molar ratio greater than 1/30 in the starting solution, Br2 was the dominant product otherwise ClNO2 was primarily produced on these near pH-neutral brines. We demonstrate that the competition between chlorine and bromine activation is a function of the ice/brine temperature presumably due to the preferential precipitation of NaCl hydrates from the brine below 250 K. Our results provide new experimental confirmation that the chemical environment of the brine layer changes with temperature and that these changes can directly affect multiphase chemistry. These findings have implications for modeling air-snow-ice interactions in polar regions and likely in polluted mid-latitude regions during winter as well.
Trends, interannual and seasonal variations of tropospheric CO, C2H6 and HCN columns measured from ground-based FTIR at Lauder and Arrival Heights
Authors: Zeng G. , Wood S. W. , Morgenstern O. , Jones N. B. , Robinson J. , Smale D.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We analyse the carbon monoxide (CO), ethane (C2H6) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) partial columns (from the ground to 12 km) derived from measurements by ground-based solar Fourier Transform Spectroscopy at Lauder, New Zealand (45° S, 170° E) and at Arrival Heights, Antarctica (78° S, 167° E) from 1997 to 2009. Significant negative trends are calculated for all species at both locations: CO (−0.90 ± 0.31% yr−1) and C2H6 (−3.10 ± 1.07% yr−1) at Arrival Heights and CO (−0.87 ± 0.30% yr−1), C2H6 (−2.70 ± 0.94% yr−1) and HCN (−0.93 ± 0.32% yr−1) at Lauder. The uncertainties reflect the 95% confidence limits. The dominant seasonal trends of CO and C2H6 at Lauder, and to a lesser degree at Arrival Heights, occur in austral spring when the correlations between CO and C2H6 and between CO and HCN maximize. Tropospheric columns of all three species are characterised by minima in March–June and maxima from August to November; this season is the southern-hemisphere tropical and sub-tropical biomass burning period. A tropospheric chemistry-climate model is used to simulate CO and C2H6 columns for the period of 1997–2009 using interannually varying biomass burning emissions; the model simulated tropospheric columns of CO and C2H6 compare well with the measured partial columns of both species. However, the model does not re-produce the significant negative trends of observed CO and C2H6 partial columns at both locations. Weak negative trends are calculated from model data. The model sensitivity calculations indicate that long-range transport of biomass burning emissions from Southern Africa and South America dominate the seasonal cycles of CO and C2H6 at both Lauder and Arrival Heights. Interannual variability of these compounds at both locations is largely triggered by variations in biomass burning emissions associated with large-scale El Nino Southern Oscillation and prolonged biomass burning events, e.g. the Australian bush fires.
Ground-based millimeter-wave observation of stratospheric ClO over Atacama, Chile in the midlatitude Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Kuwahara T. , Nagahama T. , Maezawa H. , Kojima Y. , Yamamoto H. , Okuda T. , Mizuno N. , Nakane H. , Fukui Y. , Mizuno A.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. We have performed ground-based measurements of stratospheric chlorine monoxide (ClO) during the summer in 2009 over the Atacama highland, Chile, a new observing site in the mid-latitude region in the Southern Hemisphere by using a millimeter-wave spectroscopic radiometer. The radiometer equipped with a superconducting receiver and a digital Fourier spectrometer is developed by Nagoya University, and the new system provides us high sensitivity and stable performance to measure the very weak ClO lines. The receiver noise temperature of the superconducting receiver is 170 K in DSB. To reveal the diurnal variation of ClO, we retrieved the vertical mixing ratio profiles by the weighted-damped least squares algorithm applied for the spectral data at 203 GHz obtained between 5 and 16 December 2009. The total error on the retrieval is estimated to be 20% to 30% in an altitude range from 40 to 50 km. The amplitude of the diurnal variation is ±33, ±33, and ±36% at 40, 45, and 50 km, respectively. The time variation curve is basically similar to the previous diurnal variation observed in the northern mid-latitude region but there is a tendency that the increasing rate after the sunrise becomes smaller as the altitude increases.
Groundwater flow inverse modeling in non-MultiGaussian media: performance assessment of the normal-score Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Li L. , Zhou H. , Hendricks Franssen H. J. , Gómez-Hernández J. J.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The normal-score ensemble Kalman filter (NS-EnKF) is tested on a synthetic aquifer characterized by the presence of channels with a bimodal distribution of its hydraulic conductivities. This is a clear example of an aquifer that cannot be characterized by a multiGaussian distribution. Fourteen scenarios are analyzed which differ among them in one or various of the following aspects: the prior random function model, the boundary conditions of the flow problem, the number of piezometers used in the assimilation process, or the use of covariance localization in the implementation of the Kalman filter. The performance of the NS-EnKF is evaluated through the ensemble mean and variance maps, the connectivity patterns of the individual conductivity realizations and the degree of reproduction of the piezometric heads. The results show that (i) the localized NS-EnKF can characterize the non-multiGaussian underlying hydraulic distribution even when an erroneous prior random function model is used, (ii) localization plays an important role to prevent filter inbreeding and results in a better logconductivity characterization, and (iii) the NS-EnKF works equally well under very different flow configurations.
Collisionless magnetic reconnection in a plasmoid chain
Authors: Markidis S. , Henri P. , Lapenta G. , Divin A. , Goldman M. V. , Newman D. , Eriksson S.
Published: February 2012

Abstract. The kinetic features of plasmoid chain formation and evolution are investigated by two dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulations. Magnetic reconnection is initiated in multiple X points by the tearing instability. Plasmoids form and grow in size by continuously coalescing. Each chain plasmoid exhibits a strong out-of plane core magnetic field and an out-of-plane electron current that drives the coalescing process. The disappearance of the X points in the coalescence process are due to anti-reconnection, a magnetic reconnection where the plasma inflow and outflow are reversed with respect to the original reconnection flow pattern. Anti-reconnection is characterized by the Hall magnetic field quadrupole signature. Two new kinetic features, not reported by previous studies of plasmoid chain evolution, are here revealed. First, intense electric fields develop in-plane normally to the separatrices and drive the ion dynamics in the plasmoids. Second, several bipolar electric field structures are localized in proximity of the plasmoid chain. The analysis of the electron distribution function and phase space reveals the presence of counter-streaming electron beams, unstable to the two stream instability, and phase space electron holes along the reconnection separatrices.
The Effect of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis. L) Plant Extracts on the Immune Response and Lipid Profile in Mice
Authors: Al Sheyab Fawzi Mohammad , Abuharfeil Nizar , Salloum Lina , Bani Hani Rehan , Awad Dalal Saleh
Published: February 2012

The hypolipidemic activity of leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), a herbal plant was studied. Three groups of BALB/c mice were treated as following: the first group was fed with normal diet (sugar & water), the second group was fed with high cholesterol (HC) (2% by weight) and coconut oil (25% by weight), for 36 days, and the third group was fed with HC diet and given 100 mg/kg rosemary extract (10% w/v) during the last 15 days of treatment period. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in plasma total cholesterol (TC)(- 68.57%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) (- 56.34%), and triglycerides (TG) (- 182.61%). A significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) (38.53%) was obtained in rosemary-fed mice compared to HC mice. In another experiment, the immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of R. officinalis was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Mice were treated with three doses of extract (10, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Humoral immunity against membrane proteins of sheep erythrocytes measured by ELISA showed that IgM (Immunoglobulin M) response significantly increased by 26.95%, 36.5%, 70.78% respectively, in mice fed with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg of rosemary as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). IgG (Immunoglobulin G) response increased significantly at all antibody titers, in mice fed with rosemary at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Meanwhile, there was no significant different in IgM and IgG responses between 50 and 100 mg/kg (P > 0.05). On the other hand, concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation of spleen cells from mice fed with 100 mg rosemary extract was significantly higher by 57% than that of cells from the corresponding control animals.
Correlation between Periventricular Leukomalacia and Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Huang Hsiu-Mei , Lin Sue-Ann , Chang Ying-Chao , Kuo Hsi-Kung
Published: February 2012

Purpose.

To investigate the correlation between periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which are complications of perinatal and postnatal hypoxic-ischemic insults in premature infants.

Methods

In this retrospective case series study, from 1996 to 2008, after excluding cases with follow-up of less than 3 months, we reviewed medical charts of babies who had gestational age (GA) less than 30 weeks or birthweight (BW) less than 2000 g. A total of 195 patients were diagnosed with ROP and/or PVL and were enrolled in this analysis. We investigated the correlation between ROP and PVL with Pearson chi-square test and evaluated BW, GA, and Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth as risk factors by independent t test.

Results

There were no significant differences in the prevalence of PVL between patients who received ROP treatment and those who did not receive ROP treatment. The BW was significantly lower in patients with PVL than in patients without PVL. Gestational age, BW, and Apgar scores significantly differed between patients who did and did not receive retinal treatment for ROP.

Conclusions

Periventricular leukomalacia did not increase the severity of ROP or requirement of ROP treatment. Birthweight, GA, and Apgar scores were the principal factors that determined the necessity of ROP treatment.