bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmasking Nasal Septal Hematoma/Abscess: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Nanu Douglas P. , Adelsberg Daniel , Nguyen Shaun A. , Radulovich Nicholas P. , Carr Michele M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

We aim to discuss the demographics, symptoms, bacteriology, treatment, and sequelae associated with nasal septal hematoma/nasal septal abscess (NSH/NSA).

Data Sources

CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception until October 15, 2023.

Review Methods

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis 2020 guidelines were followed. Inclusion criteria included patients who were diagnosed with a traumatic NSH/NSA. NSH/NSA due to surgical procedures was excluded. Demographics included N of patients, patient age, and gender. Symptoms, antibiotics given, bacteriology, and sequelae were analyzed. Meta‐analysis of continuous measures (mean, median), and proportions (%) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was conducted.

Results

Thirty studies (N = 598) were included. In total, 72.1% were males (95% CI: 67‐78). The total mean age was 21.6 years (range: 0.2‐85, 95% CI: 17.2‐26.1). The mean time from trauma to diagnosis was 8.2 days. Common symptoms at presentation included nasal obstruction/congestion at 60.3% (95% CI: 37.1‐81.4), nasal pain at 30.0% (17.2‐44.6), swelling at 20.4% (8.7‐35.5), headache at 15.5% (7.3‐26.0), and fever at 13.9% (7.3‐22.2). The most common pathogens isolated included Staphylococcus aureus at 56.5% (49.0‐63.8), Streptococcus species at 8.9% (5.2‐14.0), and Klebsiella pneumoniae at 6.3% (3.2‐10.8). Antibiotics given included amoxicillin‐clavulanate at 10.3% (4.5‐18.2), metronidazole at 9.5% (1.1‐24.9), ampicillin‐sulbactam at 8.9% (0.4‐26.5), and unspecified antibiotics at 39.7% (13.8‐69.2). The most common sequelae were nasal septal deformity/cartilage destruction at 14.3% (7.7‐22.6).

Conclusion

NSA/NSH has an 8‐day delay in diagnosis from the time of trauma. First‐line practitioners should be made aware of the signs and symptoms of this condition to minimize the risk of morbidity.
Unrestricted micromorphic continuum: Curvature constraints effects
Authors: Malik Alexander , Hütter Geralf , Abendroth Martin , Kiefer Bjoern
Published: October 2024

The properties of two‐phase materials, with the special case of foams, strongly depend on their microstructure. These structures are generally modeled with Hill homogenization methods to reduce the computational effort compared to full‐resolution simulations. For applications where the macroscopic dimensions of the structure under consideration are only a few multiples of its internal length, size effects occur, that is, the effective mechanical properties depend on the structure size. To achieve adequate homogenization, higher‐order continuum theories must then be used to account for strong gradients in mechanical quantities. The present contribution extends the classical approach with the corresponding micromorphic degrees of freedom. In contrast to previous studies in the literature, all components of the micromorphic curvature tensor are incorporated. It has shown how the individual components of the third‐order curvature tensor have to be implemented. Their effects on the structural behavior are investigated in depth.
Elevating mechanical and thermal performance on alkali‐treated pineapple/glass fibre sandwich composite
Authors: Justin Abraham Baby Sajin , Arul Sujin Jose , Thandavamoorthy Raja , Devarajan Yuvarajan
Published: October 2024

The present work generated hybrid composite sandwiches by incorporating 65% epoxy resin and 35% reinforcements derived from pineapple and glass fibres. The specimens were subjected to mechanical characterization by tensile, flexural and impact examinations. Among the untreated samples, the specimens containing untreated pineapple fibres (PF) with a composition of 17% PF, 18% glass fibres (three layers) and 65% epoxy by weight (17PF/TLGF) showed the most superior mechanical characteristics. Nevertheless, specimens containing fibres treated with NaOH exhibited exceptional characteristics, attaining a tensile strength of 88.121 MPa, a flexural strength of 94.213 MPa and an impact energy of 4.1 J. These data indicate a 20% enhancement in both tensile and flexural strength as well as a 63% improvement in impact strength compared to specimens containing 35% PF and lacking glass fibres (35PF/0GF). In comparison to 17PF/TLGF, the specimens treated with NaOH exhibited a 4.34% gain in tensile strength, a 4.24% increase in flexural strength and a 9% increase in impact strength. Experimental TGA was performed on the chemically treated fibre composite specimens, specifically identified as 35PF/0GF and 17PF/TLGF. Approximately 260 °C marked the beginning of decomposition for the 35PF/0GF sample, but the 17PF/TLGF sample decomposed at roughly 310°C. In addition, the fragmented surface of the 17PF/TLGF sample was analysed using SEM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
α,β‐C—C—C Agostic Bonding Interactions in Ruthenacyclobutane and π‐Complex Assisted Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by Ruthenium‐Alkylidene Complexes
Authors: Mitan Carmen‐Irena , Dragutan Valerian , Filip Petru
Published: October 2024

Computational aspects of concerted [2+2] oxidative‐retrocycloaddition‐cycloreversion reaction through ruthenium alkylidene π‐complexes and ruthenacyclobutane with α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonding interactions in olefin metathesis are presented. d6‐Ruthenium carbene complexes, with ruthenium in the oxidation state +2, undergo successive [2+2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps, through associative, dissociative, or interchange mechanisms. This process involves coordination of the olefin to 16‐electron Ru complex followed by phosphine dissociation, or first phosphine dissociation then coordination of the olefin to the 14‐electron Ru complex with rearrangement to a ruthenacyclobutane intermediate, followed by symmetrical reverse steps. Donation of σ‐electron density from the two C—C σ‐bonds to the metal center leads to α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonds, which stabilized metallacyclobutane as a formally 16‐electron complex, with lower energy than the corresponding π‐complex. In the transformation from π‐complex to ruthenacyclobutane the ruthenium atom is formally oxidized to Ru(IV). The most efficient ligands are those that stabilize the high‐oxidation state metallacyclobutane (IV) intermediate relative to the ruthenium carbene.
Leveraging External Aggregated Information for the Marginal Accelerated Failure Time Model
Authors: Xie Ping , Ding Jie , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: October 2024

It is becoming increasingly common for researchers to consider leveraging information from external sources to enhance the analysis of small‐scale studies. While much attention has focused on univariate survival data, correlated survival data are prevalent in epidemiological investigations. In this article, we propose a unified framework to improve the estimation of the marginal accelerated failure time model with correlated survival data by integrating additional information given in the form of covariate effects evaluated in a reduced accelerated failure time model. Such auxiliary information can be summarized by using valid estimating equations and hence can then be combined with the internal linear rank‐estimating equations via the generalized method of moments. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and show that it is more efficient than the conventional estimator using internal data only. When population heterogeneity exists, we revise the proposed estimation procedure and present a shrinkage estimator to protect against bias and loss of efficiency. Moreover, the proposed estimation procedure can be further refined to accommodate the non‐negligible uncertainty in the auxiliary information, leading to more trustable inference conclusions. Simulation results demonstrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods, and empirical application on the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial substantiates its practical relevance.
Direct Utilization of Calcium Carbide with Transition Metal‐Free Condition to Synthesize of 1‐Monosubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Azides
Authors: Feng Liyi , Tang Tinghong , Wu Luyong , Chen Yuxue
Published: October 2024

The utilization of calcium carbide as an acetylide specie was an increasing concern in chemical society. Under transition metal‐ and base free conditions, calcium carbide was successfully proved as the acetylide resource to synthesize 1‐monosubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from nucleophilic addition with azides. In this reaction, aryl azides achieved corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields, and a gram‐scale reaction of phenyl azide with calcium carbide was conducted with an excellent yield. Alkyl azides could also participate in the reaction to prepare corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles with moderate yield. Calcium acetylide hydroxide Ca(OH)C≡CH might be the critical intermediate. The process provided a green and sustainable prospect to utilize calcium carbide resource.
Ultra‐Small Copper‐Based Multienzyme‐Like Nanoparticles Protect Against Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Through Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice
Authors: Lin Cai‐Shi , He Meng‐Qi , An Meng‐Ying , Zhao Qi‐Hang , Zhang Zhou‐Hang , Deng Ke‐Yu , Ai Yongjian , Xin Hong‐Bo
Published: October 2024

Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication that occurs in the process of liver transplantation, hepatectomy, and other end‐stage liver disease surgery, often resulting in the failure of surgery operation and even patient death. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent hepatic IRI clinically. Here, it is reported that the ultra‐small copper‐based multienzyme‐like nanoparticles with catalase‐like (CAT‐like) and superoxide dismutase‐like (SOD‐like) catalytic activities significantly scavenge the surge‐generated endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively protects hepatic IRI. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the nanoparticles efficiently scavenge ROS through their synergistic effects of the ultra‐small copper SOD‐like activity and manganese dioxides CAT‐like activity. Furthermore, the results show that the biocompatible CMP NPs significantly protected hepatocytes from IRI in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, their therapeutic effect is much stronger than that of N‐acetylcysteamine acid (NAC), an FDA‐approved antioxidative drug. Finally, it is demonstrated that the protective effects of CMP NPs on hepatic IRI are related to suppressing inflammation and hepatocytic apoptosis and maintaining endothelial functions through scavenging ROS in liver tissues. The study can provide insight into the development of next‐generation nanomedicines for scavenging ROS.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Gas Sensing
Authors: Zhang Dongzhi , Zhou Lina , Wu Yan , Yang Chunqing , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2024

With the continuous acceleration of industrialization, gas sensors are evolving to become portable, wearable and environmentally friendly. However, traditional gas sensors rely on external power supply, which severely limits their applications in various industries. As an innovative and environmentally adaptable power generation technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can be integrated with gas sensors to leverage the benefits of both technologies for efficient and environmentally friendly self‐powered gas sensing. This paper delves into the basic principles and current research frontiers of the TENG‐based self‐powered gas sensor, focusing particularly on innovative applications in environmental safety monitoring, healthcare, as well as emerging fields such as food safety assurance and smart agriculture. It emphasizes the significant advantages of TENG‐based self‐powered gas sensor systems in promoting environmental sustainability, achieving efficient sensing at room temperature, and driving technological innovations in wearable devices. It also objectively analyzes the technical challenges, including issues related to performance enhancement, theoretical refinement, and application expansion, and provides targeted strategies and future research directions aimed at paving the way for continuous progress and widespread applications in the field of self‐powered gas sensors.
Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Ferric Oxide/M–N–C Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Zhiwei , Gong Weiming , Chen Jinpeng , Guo Peng , Zhang Yingxian , Zhang Lan , Yan Minglei , Wu Chun , Sun Mengmeng , Su Gehong , Wang Wei , Wang Yanying , Ye Jianshan , Zhu Wenxin , Wang Jianlong , Rao Hanbing
Published: October 2024

Efficient, stable, and low‐cost oxygen reduction catalysts are the key to the large‐scale application of metal–air batteries. Herein, high‐dispersive Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies uniformly are anchored on lignin‐derived metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) hierarchical porous nanosheets as efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts (Fe2O3/M–N–C, M═Cu, Mn, W, Mo) based on a general and economical KCl molten salt‐assisted method. The combination of Fe with the highly electronegative O induces charge redistribution through the Fe–O–M structure, thereby reducing the adsorption energy of oxygen‐containing substances. The coupling effect of Fe2O3 NPs with M–N–C expedites the catalytic activity toward ORR by promoting proton generation on Fe2O3 and transfer to M–N–C. Experimental and theoretical calculation further revealed the remarkable electronic structure evolution of the metal site during the ORR process, where the emission density and local magnetic moment of the metal atoms change continuously throughout their reaction. The unique layered porous structure and highly active M–N4 sites resulted in the excellent ORR activity of Fe2O3/Cu–N–C with the onset potential of 0.977 V, which is superior to Pt/C. This study offers a feasible strategy for the preparation of non‐noble metal catalysts and provides a new comprehension of the catalytic mechanism of M–N–C catalysts.
Self‐Assembling Design Method of Stator Slots for AC Rotating Machines
Authors: Nakamura Taketsune , Kido Yushi
Published: October 2024

To maximize the performance of rotating machines, it is essential to establish a design method with minimal arbitrariness. This paper proposes a self‐assembling method to design stator slots for alternating current (AC) rotating machines. First, we develop a line‐current approximation model of the stator winding using pulse‐width modulation technique and realize an ideal spatial magnetic flux density distribution. Subsequently, we design the realistic stator with an acceptable current density of the winding by forming unique slot shapes in a self‐assembling manner under two synthetic conditions using the developed line‐current approximation model as the starting model. The designed stator realizes a rotating magnetic field similar to the conventional design results. Additionally, we perform an analysis of motor rotation characteristics by combining the self‐assembled stator with a surface‐mounted permanent magnet rotor to determine the possibility of a higher output compared to that when using a conventional stator. The self‐assembled motor without relying on empirical rules shows a possibility of further improving the torque characteristics, thereby contributing to designing the AC rotating machines. © 2024 The Author(s). IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Asymmetric competition for habitats between the temperate Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the tropical Indo-Pacific eel A. marmorata
Authors: Kumai Yusuke , Kuroki Mari , Sasaki Takumi , Yamamoto Shinichi , Yamakawa Takashi
Published: October 2024

Habitat segregation is a common phenomenon among anguillids in rivers where multiple species coexist. However, despite the growing need to conserve their river habitats, the mechanisms underlying such segregation remain unknown. Here, we conducted tank experiments to investigate the competitive superiority for habitats between the temperate Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the tropical Indo-Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata, which co-occur in East Asian subtropical rivers. Using eight interspecific pairs of these two species of comparable total length, we compared the use of a single pipe shelter, recorded over a 24-h experimental period, between solitary and paired conditions. The changes in shelter use patterns between conditions indicated that in the paired condition, the shelter was occupied by A. marmorata in five pairs (62.5%) by the end of the experiment while A. japonica appeared to occupy the shelter in only one pair (12.5%). Furthermore, agonistic behaviors, which occurred mainly at night, such as biting and head-butting, were observed much more frequently for A. marmorata toward A. japonica (mean ± standard deviation: 23.2 ± 36.6 times per individual) than for A. japonica toward A. marmorata (0.4 ± 0.5 times per individual), indicating an asymmetry in aggressiveness. These results suggest that A. marmorata can negatively affect the diurnal habitat use and nocturnal activities of sympatric A. japonica. These findings, combined with those from previous field studies, suggest that A. marmorata may competitively exclude A. japonica from stream habitats with large substrate sizes. This asymmetric competition can contribute to shaping their riverine distribution and composition within rivers where they co-occur.
The Poisson boundary of lampshuffler groups
Authors: Silva Eduardo
Published: October 2024

We study random walks on the lampshuffler group $$\textrm{FSym}(H)\rtimes H$$

FSym
(
H
)
⋊
H

, where H is a finitely generated group and $$\textrm{FSym}(H)$$

FSym
(
H
)

is the group of finitary permutations of H. We show that for any step distribution $$\mu $$
μ
with a finite first moment that induces a transient random walk on H, the permutation coordinate of the random walk almost surely stabilizes pointwise. Our main result states that for $$H=\mathbb {Z}$$

H
=
Z

, the above convergence completely describes the Poisson boundary of the random walk $$(\textrm{FSym}(\mathbb {Z})\rtimes \mathbb {Z},\mu )$$

(
FSym
(
Z
)
⋊
Z
,
μ
)

.
Implicit motor sequence learning using three-dimensional reaching movements with the non-dominant left arm
Authors: Smith Charles R. , Baird Jessica F. , Buitendorp Joelle , Horton Hannah , Watkins Macie , Stewart Jill C.
Published: October 2024

Interlimb differences in reach control could impact the learning of a motor sequence that requires whole-arm movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning of an implicit, 3-dimensional whole-arm sequence task with the non-dominant left arm compared to the dominant right arm. Thirty-one right-hand dominant adults completed two consecutive days of practice of a motor sequence task presented in a virtual environment with either their dominant right or non-dominant left arm. Targets were presented one-at-a-time alternating between Random and Repeated sequences. Task performance was indicated by the time to complete the sequence (response time), and kinematic measures (hand path distance, peak velocity) were used to examine how movements changed over time. While the Left Arm group was slower than the Right Arm group at baseline, both groups significantly improved response time with practice with the Left Arm group demonstrating greater gains. The Left Arm group improved performance by decreasing hand path distance (straighter path to targets) while the Right Arm group improved performance through a smaller decrease in hand path distance combined with increasing peak velocity. Gains made during practice on Day 1 were retained on Day 2 for both groups. Overall, individuals reaching with the non-dominant left arm learned the whole-arm motor sequence task but did so through a different strategy than individuals reaching with the dominant right arm. The strategy adopted for the learning of movement sequences that require whole-arm movements may be impacted by differences in reach control between the nondominant and dominant arms.
Rare presentation of primary synovial chondrosarcoma arising in the shoulder: a case report
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Endo Makoto , Sagiyama Koji , Maekawa Akira , Nabeshima Akira , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Oda Yoshinao , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: October 2024

Synovial chondrosarcoma (CHS) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the synovial tissue and is often associated with synovial chondromatosis. Herein, we present a unique case of primary synovial CHS in the shoulder joint without evidence of synovial chondromatosis. A 60-year-old man presented to our hospital with a complain of left shoulder pain that persisted for 6 years, which was initially misdiagnosed as synovitis. Radiography revealed an osteolytic lesion involving the humerus and the scapula. Histologically, the tumor exhibited features of grade 2 synovial CHS, infiltrating the trabecular bones and intra-articular space. Wide resection led to a 9-year recurrence-free survival. This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing synovial CHS, particularly in cases with atypical presentations lacking synovial chondromatosis, necessitating careful follow-up and adequate surgical intervention.
Calibration of stochastic, agent-based neuron growth models with approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Duswald Tobias , Breitwieser Lukas , Thorne Thomas , Wohlmuth Barbara , Bauer Roman
Published: October 2024

Understanding how genetically encoded rules drive and guide complex neuronal growth processes is essential to comprehending the brain’s architecture, and agent-based models (ABMs) offer a powerful simulation approach to further develop this understanding. However, accurately calibrating these models remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel application of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to address this issue. ABMs are based on parametrized stochastic rules that describe the time evolution of small components–the so-called agents–discretizing the system, leading to stochastic simulations that require appropriate treatment. Mathematically, the calibration defines a stochastic inverse problem. We propose to address it in a Bayesian setting using ABC. We facilitate the repeated comparison between data and simulations by quantifying the morphological information of single neurons with so-called morphometrics and resort to statistical distances to measure discrepancies between populations thereof. We conduct experiments on synthetic as well as experimental data. We find that ABC utilizing Sequential Monte Carlo sampling and the Wasserstein distance finds accurate posterior parameter distributions for representative ABMs. We further demonstrate that these ABMs capture specific features of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus (CA1). Overall, this work establishes a robust framework for calibrating agent-based neuronal growth models and opens the door for future investigations using Bayesian techniques for model building, verification, and adequacy assessment.
Flip colouring of graphs
Authors: Caro Yair , Lauri Josef , Mifsud Xandru , Yuster Raphael , Zarb Christina
Published: October 2024

It is proved that for integers b, r such that

$$3 \le b < r \le \left( {\begin{array}{c}b+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) - 1$$

3
≤
b
<
r
≤

b
+
1

2

-
1

, there exists a red/blue edge-colored graph such that the red degree of every vertex is r, the blue degree of every vertex is b, yet in the closed neighbourhood of every vertex there are more blue edges than red edges. The upper bound

$$r \le \left( {\begin{array}{c}b+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) -1$$

r
≤

b
+
1

2

-
1

is best possible for any

$$b \ge 3$$

b
≥
3

. We further extend this theorem to more than two colours, and to larger neighbourhoods. A useful result required in some of our proofs, of independent interest, is that for integers r, t such that

$$0 \le t \le \frac{r^2}{2} - 5r^{3/2}$$

0
≤
t
≤

r
2

2

-
5

r

3
/
2

, there exists an r-regular graph in which each open neighbourhood induces precisely t edges. Several explicit constructions are introduced and relationships with constant linked graphs, (r, b)-regular graphs and vertex transitive graphs are revealed.
Odor lateralization test is insensitive to small degrees of intranasal trigeminal activation
Authors: Mai Yiling , Brieke Benjamin , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Odors with prominent trigeminal compounds are more easily localized than purely olfactory ones. However, it is still unclear whether adding a small amount of a trigeminal compound to an olfactory odor significantly improves lateralization performance.

Methods

We included 81 healthy adults aged 25.4 ± 4.8 years to complete odor lateralization tasks using 12 odors: two “olfactory”, two “trigeminal” odors, and eight odor mixtures at two low concentrations of “trigeminal” odors (4%, 8%). This task utilized a “Squeezer” delivering odor or air to either nostril, and participants indicated which nostril received the odor. Evaluations also included olfactory function, odor intensity ratings, and individual olfactory importance.

Results

Degrees of trigeminal compounds significantly affected lateralization performance (F = 82.32, p < 0.001), with 100% irritants showing higher performance than 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (p’s < 0.001), while no significant differences were found between odors with 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (p’s > 0.05). Chi-square tests confirmed higher percentages of above-chance lateralization with 100% irritants than with 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (χ2 = 30.89 to 47.33, p’s < 0.001).

Conclusions

Adding a small amount of a trigeminal compound to a selective olfactory odor does not significantly improve lateralization performance. Trigeminal lateralization likely follows an “accumulative” pattern rather than an “all or none” rule. With only 20 trials, the task may lack sensitivity to detect low levels of trigeminal irritation in selective olfactory odors, though it does not rule out trigeminal activation. The odor lateralization task can screen for odors with prominent trigeminal compounds by comparing group-level performance with that of purely olfactory odors. Future studies should use more ideal stimuli (e.g., PEA for olfactory, CO2 for trigeminal) to test the replicability of the results.
Was ist ausschlaggebend für die Gesamtqualität der postoperativen Schmerztherapie? Eine Frage der Perspektive
Authors: Thomas Paula , Weiss Thomas , Meissner Winfried , Baumbach Philipp
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Die Domänen Schmerzintensität, schmerzbedingte Beeinträchtigung, Nebenwirkungen, Aufklärung, Partizipation und persönlicher Umgang wurden bereits als relevant im Bereich perioperativer Schmerzen herausgestellt. Offen ist bisher, welche dieser Domänen besonders ausschlaggebend für die subjektiv empfundene Gesamtqualität der postoperativen Schmerztherapie sind.

Ziel

In dieser Querschnittsstudie wurde mithilfe eines neu entwickelten Befragungsinstruments die Relevanz dieser Domänen für Patient*innen sowie vergleichend für Behandelnde erfasst.

Methoden

Die Befragung der Patient*innen (n = 40) erfolgte am ersten postoperativen Tag am Universitätsklinikum Jena. Vergleichend wurden Angaben von 63 Behandelnden (Fachdisziplinen: n = 15 Anästhesiologie, n = 17 Chirurgie, n = 31 Pflege) erhoben. Das Befragungsinstrument umfasste primär alle paarweisen Vergleiche zwischen den Domänen im Hinblick auf die Gesamtqualität der postoperativen Schmerztherapie. Die daraus resultierenden Summenwerte für jede Domäne waren die primäre Zielgröße, die mittels verallgemeinerter Schätzgleichungen analysiert wurde.

Ergebnisse

Innerhalb der Patient*innen zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Relevanz der Domänen, wobei persönlicher Umgang gefolgt von Schmerzintensität und -beeinträchtigung priorisiert wurde. Zudem ergaben sich innerhalb der Domänen signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Patient*innen und den befragten Fachdisziplinen sowie zwischen den Fachdisziplinen selbst.

Schlussfolgerung

Patient*innen empfinden die Domänen persönlicher Umgang sowie Reduktion der Schmerzintensität und -beeinträchtigung entscheidend für die Gesamtqualität. Ob sich eine Harmonisierung der Sichtweisen von Patient*innen und Behandelnden positiv auf die Patient*innenzufriedenheit auswirkt, sollte weiter untersucht werden.

Graphic abstract
Genetic diversity of soybean dwarf virus in two regions of mainland Australia
Authors: Congdon B. S. , Sharman M. , Kehoe M. A.
Published: October 2024

Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV; family Tombusviridae, genus Luteovirus, species Luteovirus glycinis) is an RNA plant virus that is transmitted solely by aphids in a persistent, circulative and non-propagative manner. SbDV causes significant losses in cultivated Fabaceae, especially in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pastures of mainland Australia. SbDV isolates are classified into four phenotypically distinguishable strains: YP, YS, DP, and DS. Y and D strains differ primarily in their host range, and P and S strains in their primary vector species. Genetically, Y and D strains separate into two clades in every genomic region except for the N-terminal region of the readthrough domain (N-RTD), in which P and S strains separate. SbDV diversity in Australia has yet to be investigated, so in this study, 41 isolates were collected from six different host species across two production regions of Australia: the south coast of Western Australia (‘south-west’) and northern New South Wales/southern Queensland (‘north-east’). A near-complete genome sequence of each isolate was obtained, and together with all 50 whole-genome sequences available in the GenBank database, underwent phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome nt and the N-RTD aa sequences. At the whole-genome level, the isolates separated into D and Y clades. At the N-RTD level, most of the isolates separated into P and S clades. All south-west isolates and 11 of the 31 north-east isolates were in the Y clade, and the remaining 20 north-east isolates were in the D clade. Except for one isolate that fell outside the P and S clades, all south-west and north-east isolates were in the P clade, suggesting that they are transmitted by Acyrthosiphon pisum and Myzus persicae. Available biological data largely supported the phenotypic inferences made from the phylogenetic analysis, suggesting that genetic data can provide critical epidemiological insights, provided that sufficient biological data have been collected.
Understanding irritability through the lens of self-regulatory control processes in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Urben Sébastien , Ochoa Williams Ana , Ben Jemia Cécile , Rosselet Amoussou Joëlle , Machado Lazaro Sara , Giovannini Julia , Abi Kheir Marion , Kaess Michael , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Mürner-Lavanchy Ines
Published: October 2024

Among youths, pathological irritability is highly prevalent and severely disabling. As a frequent symptom, it often leads to referrals to child and adolescent mental health services. Self-regulatory control (SRC) processes are a set of socio-psycho-physiological processes that allow individuals to adapt to their ever-changing environments. This conceptual framework may enhance the current understanding of the cognitive, emotional, behavioural and social dysregulations underlying irritability. The present systematic review (PROSPERO registration: #CRD42022370390) aims to synthesize existing studies that examine irritability through the lens of SRC processes among youths (< 18 years of age). We conducted a comprehensive literature search among six bibliographic databases: Embase.com, Medline ALL Ovid, APA PsycInfo Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Wiley and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Additional searches were performed using citation tracing strategies. The retrieved reports totalled 2612, of which we included 82 (i.e., articles) from 74 studies. More than 85% of reports were published during the last 6 years, highlighting the topicality of this work. The studies sampled n = 26,764 participants (n = 12,384 girls and n = 12,905 boys, n = 1475 no information) with an average age of 8.08 years (SD = 5.26). The included reports suggest that irritability has an association with lower effortful control, lower cognitive control and delay intolerance. Further, evidence indicates both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between irritability and a lack of regulation skills for positive and negative emotions, particularly anger. Physiological regulation seems to moderate the association between irritability and psychopathology. Finally, the mutual influence between a child’s irritability and parenting practice has been established in several studies. This review uses the lens of SRC to illustrate the current understanding of irritability in psychopathology, discusses important gaps in the literature, and highlights new avenues for further research.
CMSA based on set covering models for packing and routing problems
Authors: Akbay Mehmet Anıl , Blum Christian , Kalayci Can Berk
Published: October 2024

Many packing, routing, and knapsack problems can be expressed in terms of integer linear programming models based on set covering. These models have been exploited in a range of successful heuristics and exact techniques for tackling such problems. In this paper, we show that integer linear programming models based on set covering can be very useful for their use within an algorithm called “Construct, Merge, Solve & Adapt”(CMSA), which is a recent hybrid metaheuristic for solving combinatorial optimization problems. This is because most existing applications of CMSA are characterized by the use of an integer programming solver for solving reduced problem instances at each iteration. We present applications of CMSA to the variable-sized bin packing problem and to the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows and simultaneous pickups and deliveries. In both applications, CMSA based on a set covering model strongly outperforms CMSA when using an assignment-type model. Moreover, state-of-the-art results are obtained for both considered optimization problems.
Investigating the role of biomass energy consumption and forest products trade on the forest footprint in Finland: an environmental Kuznets curve analysis
Authors: Aydin Mucahit , Cutcu Ibrahim , Cayir Bilal , Magdalena Radulescu
Published: October 2024

Forests are essential in mitigating climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide and maintaining ecosystems, mainly through preserving biodiversity. For this reason, the sustainability of forests is essential for human life. This paper examines the role of biomass energy consumption, forest product trade, and economic growth on Finland’s forest footprint from 1970 to 2018. By employing Fourier-based unit root and cointegration tests, we confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, demonstrating a long-term relationship in which economic growth first raises, then reduces the forest footprint. Biomass energy consumption and forest products trade show an insignificant long-term effect on the forest footprint. We found unidirectional causality from the forest footprint to biomass energy consumption and economic growth. This research fills a gap by focusing on the under-researched forest footprint within the EKC framework, particularly in Finland’s context of stringent forestry policies. Our findings emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance environmental policy and sustainability practices. We further contribute to the broader literature on sustainable forest management and offer actionable policy recommendations for enhancing Finland’s environmental strategies.
On the subadditivity condition of edge ideal
Authors: Abedelfatah Abed
Published: October 2024

Let $$S=K[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$$

S
=
K
[

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

]

, where K is a field, and $$t_i(S/I)$$

t
i

(
S
/
I
)

denotes the maximal shift in the minimal graded free S-resolution of the graded algebra S/I at degree i, where I is an edge ideal. In this paper, we prove that if $$t_b(S/I)\ge \lceil \frac{3b}{2} \rceil $$

t
b

(
S
/
I
)

≥

⌈

3
b

2

⌉

for some $$b\ge 0$$

b
≥
0

, then the subadditivity condition $$t_{a+b}(S/I)\le t_a(S/I)+t_b(S/I)$$

t

a
+
b

(
S
/
I
)

≤

t
a

(
S
/
I
)

+

t
b

(
S
/
I
)

holds for all $$a\ge 0$$

a
≥
0

. In addition, we prove that $$t_{a+4}(S/I)\le t_a(S/I)+t_4(S/I)$$

t

a
+
4

(
S
/
I
)

≤

t
a

(
S
/
I
)

+

t
4

(
S
/
I
)

for all $$a\ge 0$$

a
≥
0

(the case $$b=0,1,2,3$$

b
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3

is known). We conclude that if the projective dimension of S/I is at most 9, then I satisfies the subadditivity condition.
Geodesic Convexity of the Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem and Convergence of Steepest Descent
Authors: Alimisis Foivos , Vandereycken Bart
Published: October 2024

We study the convergence of the Riemannian steepest descent algorithm on the Grassmann manifold for minimizing the block version of the Rayleigh quotient of a symmetric matrix. Even though this problem is non-convex in the Euclidean sense and only very locally convex in the Riemannian sense, we discover a structure for this problem that is similar to geodesic strong convexity, namely, weak-strong convexity. This allows us to apply similar arguments from convex optimization when studying the convergence of the steepest descent algorithm but with initialization conditions that do not depend on the eigengap $$\delta $$
δ
. When $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

, we prove exponential convergence rates, while otherwise the convergence is algebraic. Additionally, we prove that this problem is geodesically convex in a neighbourhood of the global minimizer of radius $${\mathcal {O}}(\sqrt{\delta })$$

O
(

δ

)

.
The influence of relativity on the philosophy of symbolic forms
Authors: Laino Luigi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, I will deal with the analogy between Cassirer’s interpretation of relativity and his philosophy of culture. As to the structure of the paper, it will be divided into six parts. I will start with a brief introduction, after which I will succinctly outline Cassirer’s reading of Einstein’s theory, and in particular of general covariance. I will then focus on the presentation of his project for a “systematic philosophy” in the last chapter of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity and subsequently delve into the lexical references to relativity made in Philosophy of Symbolic Forms. After this, I will tackle Cassirer’s rectorship speech, where relativity and the philosophy of culture are explicitly interwoven, but with the important clarification (already provided in Einstein’s Theory of Relativity and Philosophy of Symbolic Forms) that not all kinds of knowledge align with de-anthropomorphized objectivity. The final section contains the concluding remarks.
Comparative analysis between continuous and discontinuous methods for the assessment of a cultural heritage structure
Authors: Schiavoni Mattia , Roscini Francesca , Clementi Francesco
Published: October 2024

In an era marked by the urgent need to ensure the safety of existing buildings according to current standards, evaluating the stability of masonry structures against hazard events has become a significant challenge. Despite the versatility and durability of masonry, structural assessments are hampered by factors such as limited information on material properties, irregular geometries, and ageing. To address this issue, numerous modelling techniques have been developed, supported by extensive scientific literature. However, significant factors related to the case study replication, such as the geometric complexity, the mechanical behaviour of masonry, the loading applications, contribute to the challenges associated with modelling procedures, including computational time, discretization procedures, and step incrementation. This paper critically discusses the most innovative modelling approaches. Specifically, it aims to compare the efficiency of the Distinct Element (discontinuous) Methods and the Finite Element (continuous) Method, both applied to the numerical simulation of a case study structure severely damaged by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake under lateral loading conditions. The continuous method is analysed using Midas FEA NX©, while the discontinuous methods are studied using 3DEC© and LMGC90© software, each with different contact conditions. Finally, the investigation highlights the main advantages and disadvantages of each method. In particular, the discontinuous method demonstrates reliability in accurately replicating failure patterns, whereas the continuous method allows for a faster model setup, making it suitable for preliminary studies on structural dynamics.
Investigation of Different Throat Concepts for Precipitation Processes in Saturated Pore-Network Models
Authors: Schollenberger Theresa , von Wolff Lars , Bringedal Carina , Pop Iuliu Sorin , Rohde Christian , Helmig Rainer
Published: October 2024

The development of reliable mathematical models and numerical discretization methods is important for the understanding of salt precipitation in porous media, which is relevant for environmental problems like soil salinization. Models on the pore scale are necessary to represent local heterogeneities in precipitation and to include the influence of solution-air-solid interfaces. A pore-network model for saturated flow, which includes the precipitation reaction of salt, is presented. It is implemented in the open-source simulator DuMu$$^{\textrm{X}}$$

X

. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to one-phase flow as a first step. Since the throat transmissibilities determine the flow behaviour in the pore network, different concepts for the decreasing throat transmissibility due to precipitation are investigated. We consider four concepts for the amount of precipitation in the throats. Three concepts use information from the adjacent pore bodies, and one employs a pore-throat model obtained by averaging the resolved pore-scale model in a thin-tube. They lead to different permeability developments, which are caused by the different distribution of the precipitate between the pore bodies and throats. We additionally apply two different concepts for the calculation of the transmissibility. One obtains the precipitate distribution from analytical assumptions, the other from a geometric minimization principle using a phase-field evolution equation. The two concepts do not show substantial differences for the permeability development as long as simple pore-throat geometries are used. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the concepts are discussed in the context of the considered physical problem and a reasonable effort for the implementation and computational costs.
Identification and characterization of mycoviruses in transcriptomes from the fungal family ceratocystidaceae
Authors: Hough Bianca , Wingfield Brenda , Read David
Published: October 2024

Mycoviruses pervade the fungal kingdom, yet their diversity within various fungal families and genera remains largely unexplored. In this study, 10 publicly available fungal transcriptomes from Ceratocystidaceae were analyzed for the presence of mycoviruses. Despite mycovirus associations being known in only four members of this family, our investigation unveiled the discovery of six novel mycoviruses. The majority of these mycoviruses are composed of positive sense single stranded RNA and are putatively assigned to the viral family Mitoviridae (with tentative classification into the genera Unuamitovirus and Duamitovirus). The double stranded RNA viruses, however, were associated with the family Totiviridae (with tentative classification into the genus Victorivirus). This study also revealed the discovery of an identical unuamitovirus in the fungal species Thielaviopsis ethacetica and Thielaviopsis paradoxa. This discovery was notable as these fungal isolates originated from distinct geographical locations, highlighting potential implications for the transmission of this mitovirus. Moreover, this investigation significantly expands the known host range for mycoviruses in this family, marking the initial identification of mycoviruses within Ceratocystis platani, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, Thielaviopsis ethacetica, and Huntiella omanensis. Future research should focus on determining the effects that these mycoviruses might have on their fungal hosts.
Group-Based Distinctive Image Captioning with Memory Difference Encoding and Attention
Authors: Wang Jiuniu , Xu Wenjia , Wang Qingzhong , Chan Antoni B.
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in image captioning have focused on enhancing accuracy by substantially increasing the dataset and model size. While conventional captioning models exhibit high performance on established metrics such as BLEU, CIDEr, and SPICE, the capability of captions to distinguish the target image from other similar images is under-explored. To generate distinctive captions, a few pioneers employed contrastive learning or re-weighted the ground-truth captions. However, these approaches often overlook the relationships among objects in a similar image group (e.g., items or properties within the same album or fine-grained events). In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to enhance the distinctiveness of image captions, namely Group-based Differential Distinctive Captioning Method, which visually compares each image with other images in one similar group and highlights the uniqueness of each image. In particular, we introduce a Group-based Differential Memory Attention (GDMA) module, designed to identify and emphasize object features in an image that are uniquely distinguishable within its image group, i.e., those exhibiting low similarity with objects in other images. This mechanism ensures that such unique object features are prioritized during caption generation for the image, thereby enhancing the distinctiveness of the resulting captions. To further refine this process, we select distinctive words from the ground-truth captions to guide both the language decoder and the GDMA module. Additionally, we propose a new evaluation metric, the Distinctive Word Rate (DisWordRate), to quantitatively assess caption distinctiveness. Quantitative results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the distinctiveness of several baseline models, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on distinctiveness while not excessively sacrificing accuracy. Moreover, the results of our user study are consistent with the quantitative evaluation and demonstrate the rationality of the new metric DisWordRate.
Inflammation in Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Hutchins Elizabeth , Yang Eric H. , Stein-Merlob Ashley F.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review

In this review we describe the role of inflammation in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity with a particular focus on anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). First, we discuss inflammation associated with anthracyclines at a cellular level. Next, we discuss the clinical implications of these inflammatory mechanisms for early detection and cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment.

Recent Findings

Key inflammatory pathways identified in AIC include cytokine release, upregulation of the innate immune system via toll-like receptors, and activation of the inflammasome. Emerging evidence suggests a role for inflammatory biomarkers in detecting subclinical AIC. Advanced imaging techniques, such as cardiac PET with novel tracers targeting inflammation, may enhance early detection. Both traditional cardioprotective strategies and novel anti-inflammatory therapies show potential in preventing and treating AIC.

Understanding the inflammatory mechanisms involved in AIC provides new opportunities for early detection and targeted cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment and informs our understanding of other forms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.