bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Modernist Memorial for a Classical City: Designs for the Memorial to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad as Seen by Architects and Audience
Authors:   European University at Saint Petersburg, Bass Vadim G.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses practices of architectural commemoration of the most tragic event in the history of St. Petersburg — Leningrad, the siege. Architects started producing projects for the future memorials in the first months of the unprecedented blockade of the city. During the postwar period some impressive monuments were erected, including one at the Piskarevskoe Memorial Cemetery. There were also dozens of designs submitted to several architectural competitions during the 1950–60s. In the 1960s, Leningrad went through two open architectural competitions for the memorial dedicated to the defenders of the city in the Second World War. The designs were widely publicized, provoking public response going far beyond Soviet standards of freedom of expression in discussing the tragic past. Building on a considerable body of archival materials, the article examines the history of the Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad and the shaping of its architectural language. Simultaneously, it analyzes some commonalities of “memorial discourse” reflected in feedback texts. The critical responses demonstrate various attitudes towards the contemporary (late modern) architectural characteristic of the majority of competition entries and various visions of its appropriateness for the commemoration of the Siege. Eventually erected in 1975, the monument turned out to be a compromise between the architects’ and laymen’s visions, between the highly modernist style fashioned by the architects and the expectations of the audience that was skeptical about “Western modernism” and “abstraction” and demanded a narrative memorial with figurative sculpture.
Meta-concept “language” in the newspaper publication of V. Rasputin of the late 1980s — early 1990s: Cognitive-praxeological aspect
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Romantsova Tatiana D.
Published: October 2021

In this article, the manifestants of meta-concept “language” in the problematic articles and essays of V. Rasputin of the perestroika era are correlated with the system of national and spiritual values described in connection with the problems of publications, the author’s intentions and the format of the newspaper Literary Irkutsk of the Irkutsk Regional Writers’ Organization. It is noted that the representatives of meta-concept “language” are included in the historical-philosophical, church-religious, national-cultural analytics and artistic journalism of Rasputin in connection with the educational, ideological, spiritually creative attitudes of the author and the corporate publication. It has been established that mental entities that are conceptually important for the author’s journalism (memory, providence, prediction, conceptually formed ideas) are metonymically objectified using the concepts “word” and “speech”. The elaboration and objectification of the author’s philosophical, moral attitudes occurs through the conjugation of the nuclear, cicumnuclear and peripheral areas of the concepts “word”, “language” with the images of the material world and the objectivity of social relations. The inclusion of spiritual space in the consciousness of the reader and the national picture of the world, the device of metaphysical communicative-semiotic systems and modeling of the monastic language is created in publications using the concept of “language”. Self-awareness and ideological searches of society, intellect and spiritual culture of the people, their creative achievements, ideological attitudes are illustrated by metonymic and metaphorical correlation with the field of auditory sensations of the interpretive field of the concept “sound”. From a praxeological standpoint, the author’s communicative and stylistic techniques as well as pragmatically oriented editorial technologies consisting of the selection of the editorial team and the system of rotation of the editors-compilers were evaluated. It is shown that the model of a joint search for values by the public, the publicist and the publication increased the cognitive potential of newspaper materials and strengthened the reader’s confidence in the local corporate press.
Criticism of the media language: Questions for discussion
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tsvetova Natalia S.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to one of the four directions of modern media linguistics — criticism of the media language (CM). The main prerequisites for the design of CM are the logic of the development of modern linguistics, which demonstrates a steady increase in attention to the communicative capabilities of the language realized in different discursive spaces, the movement of active language processes into the media space and the resulting conflict between the traditional idea of speech culture and the new requirements for the effective use of language resources. The author draws attention to the solution of many installation issues that are recorded in the dictionary-directory Medialinguistics (2018). The uniqueness of the research field of the Kyrgyz Republic is presented in the collective monograph Media Linguistics of the Slavic Countries (2020), which is a milestone for Slavic media studies. But the goal of the author of this article is to identify the discussion areas that have already been identified in the relevant research field. The author attempts to present topical, debatable, issues focusing on the previously stated criteria for evaluating media speech: effectiveness, correctness, ethics, aesthetics. The key findings are as follows: 1) the normative concept of media speech is formed in the process of dialogic interaction between the competent professional community “processing the language” and philologists who are able to comprehend the results of this “processing” on the basis of a detailed analysis of the speech situation in the mass media; 2) the most important task of CM is related to the satisfaction “the need for generally understandable, correct language”, which corresponds to the establishment and preservation of national unity and “political and economic integrity of the state” (the idea of N. I. Tolstoy); 3) the most indisputable when recognizing several controversial moments are the criteria for the effectiveness and correctness of the media speech; 4) one of the most serious debatable issues arises in the area of ethical and aesthetic reflection of criticism related to the verbal representation of the comic category in Russian mass media.
Nitel Makalelerin Yöntem Analizi
Authors: AKDEMİR Ayşe Betül , KILIÇ Abdurrahman
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak hazırlanan makalelerin yöntemsel analizlerini yapmaktır. Nitel yaklaşımın benimsendiği çalışma iç içe geçmiş tek durum desenine sahiptir. Çalışma grubu amaçlı örnekleme türlerinden maksimim çeşitlilik ve ölçüt örneklem teknikleriyle belirlenmiş olan TR Dizin Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Veri Tabanı Dergi Listesi’nde yer alan 46 eğitim bilimleri ve sosyal bilimler dergisi ile bu dergilerin 2019 yılı 1. sayısında yayımlanan, nitel yaklaşımla hazırlanmış 187 makaledir. Çalışma verileri betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. İncelenen makalelerin önemli bir bölümünde nitel araştırma yöntemlerine uygunluk bakımından sorunların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen makalelerde farklı nitel desenlerin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. İncelenen makalelerde öne çıkan sonuçlar bu çalışmaların önemli bir kısmında kullanılan desenlerin, seçilme nedeninin yeterince açıklanmadığı, yanlış isimlendirildiği, kuramsal açıklamaların eksik ya da hatalı olduğu ve hatta bazı çalışmalarda desen bilgisine yer verilmediği yönündedir. Bu araştırmada ulaşılan sonuçlar nitel literatürde yer almayan kimi desenlerin kullanıldığını, var olan desenlerin kullanımının da hatalar barındırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum çalışmaların niteliksel olarak yeterli olmadıklarını şeklinde yorumlanabilir.
Xiaoyao Pill Improves the Affective Dysregulation of Sleep-deprived Female
Mice by Inhibiting Brain Injury and Regulating the Content of Monoamine
Neurotransmitter
Authors: Li Yujie , Wei Dandan , Zhang Minghao , Yue Tiantian , Du Huimin , Liu Qi , Gan Shihu , Liu Hanbin , Dong Yijie , Qiao Xinyue , Zhang Yichi , Yang Liping
Published: October 2021

Background:

Sleep curtailment is a serious problem in many societies. Clinical evidence has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with mood dysregulation, formation of false memory, cardio-metabolic risk factors and outcomes, inflammatory disease risk, and all-cause mortality. The affective disorder dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep has become an increasingly serious health problem. However, to date, not much attention has been paid to the mild affective dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep, and there is no clear and standard therapeutic method to treat it. The Xiaoyao Pill is a classic Chinese medicinal formula, with the effect of dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, invigorating the spleen, and nourishing the blood. Therefore, it is most commonly used to treat gynecological diseases in China. In the present study, the effects of the Xiaoyao Pill on affective dysregulation of sleep-deprived mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated.

Methods:

Forty adult female mice were used in the present study. The sleep deprivation model was established by improving the multi-platform water environment method. After 7 consecutive days of sleep deprivation, the mice were administrated low (LXYP, 0.32mg/kg) and high (HXYP, 0.64 mg/kg) doses of the Xiaoyao Pill for two weeks. Then, the body weight, behavioral deficits, and histopathology were evaluated. Meanwhile, the expression of c-fos protein and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined after two weeks of treatment.

Results:

Xiaoyao Pill treatment significantly increased body weight and sucrose consumption and decreased the irritability scores of the sleep-deprived mice. Meanwhile, Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented brain injury and inhibited the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, HXYP treatment significantly upregulated the levels of NE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01). LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, both HXYP and LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of DA in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) of sleep-deprived mice.

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrates that Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented the behavioral deficits of mice induced by sleep deprivation by promoting the recovery of brain tissue injury and up-regulating the levels of NE, 5-HT, and DA in the brain tissue.
Clinical Efficacy of Functional Electrical Stimulation-assisted Rehabilitation
Cycling on the Function of Lower Limbs in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Hua , Liu Jia-Yu , Han Ping , Wang Yu-Long , Xiao Peng
Published: October 2021

Objective:

To explore the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted rehabilitation
cycling on the functional recovery of lower limbs in patients with hemiplegic stroke
and the assessment value of surface electromyography (sEMG).

Methods:

A total of 66 patients with stroke accompanied by hemiplegia of the lower limbs were enrolled
in the present prospective study and randomly divided into the experimental group and control
group, with 33 patients in each group. FES-assisted rehabilitation cycling was applied in the experimental
group, while only rehabilitation cycling was performed without setting the stimulation
parameters in the control group. sEMG and the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were carried out,
and the modified Barthel index (MBI) of the lower limbs was assessed before treatment and after 4
weeks and 8 weeks of treatment.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the evaluation results of sEMG, FMA, and MBI
of the lower limbs between the two groups of patients before the treatment (p > 0.05). After 4
weeks of treatment, compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the results
of sEMG, FMA, and MBI of the lower limbs in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the experimental
group, the difference in sEMG was statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 8 weeks of
treatment, compared with the control group, there were significant differences in the results of
sEMG, FMA, and MBI of the lower limbs in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the experimental
group, the differences in the results of sEMG, FMA, and MBI of the lower limbs were statistically
significant (p < 0.05). The inter-group comparison of the results of sEMG, FMA and MBI of the
lower limbs was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the control group.

Conclusion:

FES-assisted rehabilitation cycling might promote the recovery of the motor function
of the lower limbs in patients with stroke and improve the sEMG signal of the lower limbs.
Therapeutic Potential of Indole Derivatives as Anti-HIV Agents: A
Mini-review
Authors: Chen Qingtai , Wu Chongchong , Zhu Jinjin , Li Enzhong , Xu Zhi
Published: October 2021

:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one of the leading causes of human deaths. The advent of different anti-HIV drugs has turned AIDS/HIV from a deadly infection to chronic and manageable disease. However, the devel-opment of multidrug-resistant viruses, along with the severe side effects of anti-HIV agents, has com-promised their efficacy and limited the treatment options. Indoles, the most common frameworks in the bioactive molecules, represent attractive scaffolds for designing and developing novel drugs. In-dole derivatives are potent inhibitors of HIV enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. Furthermore, some indole-based agents, like delavirdine, have already been applied in clin-ics or are under clinical evaluations for the treatment of AIDS/HIV, revealing that indole moiety is a useful template for the development of anti-HIV agents. This review focuses on the recent advance-ment in indole derivatives, including indole alkaloids, hybrids, and dimers with anti-HIV potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The chemical structures, structure-activity rela-tionship, and mechanisms of action are also discussed.
Advances in the Design and Development of PROTAC-mediated HDAC Degradation
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Alencar , Roe Andrew , Griffith Darren , Chonghaile Tríona Ní
Published: October 2021

:

Due to developments in modern chemistry, previously uundruggable substrates are now targetable thanks to selective degradation using the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation system. PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules designed specifically to degrade target proteins. They are of significant interest to industry and academia as they are highly specific and can target previously undruggable target proteins from transcription factors to enzymes. More than 15 degraders are expected to be evaluated in clinical trials by the end of 2021. Herein, we describe recent advances in the design and development of PROTAC-mediated degradation of histone deacetylases (HDACs). PROTAC-mediated degradation of HDACs can offer some significant advantages over direct inhibition, such as the use of substoichiometric doses and the potential to disrupt enzyme-independent HDAC function. We discuss the potential implication of the degradation of HDACs in comparison with HDAC knockout studies. Along with the selection of HDAC inhibitors and E3 ligase ligands for the design of PROTACs. The potential utility of HDAC PROTACs in various disease pathologies from cancer to inflammation to neurodegeneration is driving the interest in this field.
Bergenin - A Biologically Active Scaffold: Nanotechnological Perspectives
Authors: Madaan Reecha , Singla Rajeev K. , Kumar Suresh , Dubey Ankit Kumar , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Pooja , Bala Rajni , Singla Shailja , Shen Bairong
Published: October 2021

:

Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound in various plants
belonging to different families. The present work compiles scattered information on pharmacology,
structure-activity relationship and nanotechnological aspects of bergenin, collected from various
electronic databases such as Sci Finder, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Bergenin has been reported
to exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antiviral, and antimicrobial
activities. Molecular docking studies have shown that isocoumarin pharmacophore of bergenin
is essential for its bioactivities. Bergenin holds a great potential to be used as a lead molecule and
also as a therapeutic agent for the development of more efficacious and safer semisynthetic derivatives.
Nanotechnological concepts can be employed to overcome the poor bioavailability of bergenin.
Finally, it is concluded that bergenin can emerge as clinically potential medicine in modern
therapeutics.
Anti-Angiogenic and Cytotoxicity Effects of Selachyl Alcohol Analogues
Authors: Momha René , Le Bot Damien , Mosset Paul , Legrand Alain Bernard
Published: October 2021

Background:

The active ingredients in the shark liver oil (SLO) mixture were found to be a group of etherlinked
glycerol known as alkylglycerols (AKGs). During the last century, initial clinical use of the SLO mixture was
for treating leukemias and later preventing radiation sickness from cancer x-ray therapy. Selachyl alcohol is one of the
most abundant AKGs in the SLO mixture and it displayed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number on a
model of grafted tumor in mice (Lewis lung carcinoma cells).

Objectives:

In this study, selachyl alcohol analogue containing methoxyl (7), gem-difluorinated (8), azide (9) and hydroxyl
(10) group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain were synthesized and compared regarding their cytotoxicity and
anti-migratory effects on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line.

Methods:

AKGs 7-10 were synthesized according to the literature procedure. The cytotoxicity of the studied AKGs
was evaluated by the MTT test and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line (HUVEC) was used as an in vitro
model to evaluate their anti-migratory effects.

Results:

The four AKGs have substantially the same toxicity threshold (≥ 12 μM), whereas they have an anti-migratory
activity significantly different on endothelial cells. AKGs 9 and 10 significantly reduce the chemotactic migration
induced by VEGF, but analogue (10) containing the hydroxyl group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain was the most
potent anti-VEGF inhibitor.

Conclusion:

We presented here a series of four synthetic selachyl alcohol analogues, among which AKGs 9 and 10
showed the ability to inhibit endothelial cell migration. The relationship structures and anti-VEGF effects of these
analogues were also evaluated and discussed. Unnatural synthesized AKGs could be explored as one new source of
anticancer agents.
Pedestrian Compliance at Signalized Intersections along Major Arterials
Authors: Shaaban Khaled
Published: October 2021

Background:

Pedestrian non-compliance at signalized crossings is unsafe and considered one of the causes of pedestrian crashes. The speed limit on most major urban roads is 60 km/hr or less. However, the speed on some urban roads is higher in some countries. In this case, the situation is more unsafe and increases the possibility of fatal injuries or fatalities in the case of a crash. Therefore, it is expected that the pedestrians will be more cautious on these roads.

Aim:

This study aims to explore pedestrian compliance at signalized intersections on major arterials with 80 km/hr speeds in Qatar.

Methods:

Video data were collected for pedestrian movements at multiple intersections.

Results:

The study reported a 68.1 percent compliance rate at the study locations. The results also revealed that 14.6 percent of the pedestrians crossed during the Flashing Don’t Walk interval and 17.3 percent crossed during the Steady Don’t Walk interval. These rates are considered high compared to other countries. Several variables that may influence pedestrians’ behavior were investigated. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were developed to describe the pedestrian crossing behavior as a function of these variables.

Conclusion:

Male and middle-age pedestrians were more likely to cross during these two intervals. The analysis showed that female pedestrians, elder pedestrians, pedestrians crossing in groups, pedestrians waiting before crossing, and pedestrians crossing against a flow of other pedestrians are more likely to comply and cross during the Walk interval compared to other groups. Several solutions were proposed in the study to increase compliance rates.
Substance Use and Associated Factors Among in School Adolescents in South Africa
Authors: Khoza Aram , Shilubane Hilda N.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Substance use is a significant public health problem worldwide and adversely affects the education system because learners who use substances display behaviours that negatively influence the quality of learning and teaching. The study aimed to determine the educator’s knowledge of the factors contributing to substance use among secondary school learners in the Greater Giyani municipality.

Methods:

The study employed a descriptive research design, and purposive sampling was applied to select the participants. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 programme.

Results:

The findings show good financial background (69%), more pocket money (67%), high financial difficulties (67%), availability and accessibility of substances (51%), and psychological factors (low self-esteem, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder) as contributing to learners’ involvement in substance use.

Conclusion:

Substance use is a matter of serious concern in secondary schools, and several factors are believed to be perpetuating the behaviour. The government should put strict measures in place to ensure the appropriate use of marijuana and for the purpose indicated. Teachers’ inadequate knowledge of contributory factors to substance use by learners could mean that they could not educate them about substance-related harm.
Tobacco Consumption and its Associated Factors among Nepalese Students
Authors: Sharma Pragati , Pahari Sandip , Acharya Shiva Raj , Moon Deog Hwan , Shin Yong Chul
Published: October 2021

Background:

Tobacco smoking is one of the major issues among the adolescent population worldwide. WHO has estimated that tobacco use causes six million deaths worldwide each year and predicts reaching eight million by 2030. Our study aims to assess the proportion of tobacco use and its associated factors among Nepalese students.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 430 students in Syangja, Nepal. Samples were selected through the cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to find out the associated factors of tobacco consumption.

Results:

The prevalence of tobacco usage was found to be 22.8% (males 37.2%, females 8%). Students were regularly exposed to tobacco smoking in public places (70.3%) and at home (62.2%). Peer pressure (62.3%) was the most influencing factor for tobacco consumption, followed by experimentation (18.2%) and tobacco advertisements (7.8%). Cigarette (75.5%) and Hookah (74.5%) were the most common type of tobacco consumed by the participants. Tobacco consumption was higher among private school students (24.5%) than government school students (19.6%).

Conclusion:

Gender, family type, occupation, and pocket money were associated with tobacco usage (p<0.05). Although the majority of students were aware of the negative health impacts of tobacco use, the usage of tobacco products is still prevalent among Nepalese adolescent students. School-based health education and intervention programs should be implemented to reduce the habit of tobacco consumption.
Development of a Biosecurity Index for the Districts of India for the Assessment of Capacity to Cope with Infectious Disease Outbreak
Authors: Vyas Navya , Narayanan Prakash , Shashidhar Vishwanath , Hossain Shah
Published: October 2021

Background:

In the context of newly emerging diseases, global health security has gained importance in recent years. The pandemic COVID-19 has reemphasized the significance. Despite increased attention to enhance health security, the existing capacities were not optimally prepared to respond to public health threats posed by emerging infectious diseases.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to develop a simple tool that can help monitor and build up the critical capacity to prevent, detect, respond and help identify the gaps in the preparedness of the health system.

Methods:

The cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 – December 2018 amongst the district level health functionaries like the disease surveillance, laboratory, and the animal health focal points in the selected districts across the three South Indian states.

Results:

The responses received from the participants of the study were scored and categorized by domains into a biosecurity index, which was easily adaptable to all districts and easy to implement by a district official or state health officer for the initial assessment. Data acquired from this tool could be analysed to build and inform readiness and response plans for preventing and controlling health emergencies.

Conclusion:

The biosecurity index developed for the Indian districts was an appropriate instrument for epidemic preparedness assessment.
Users’ Perceptions Toward mHealth Technologies for Health and Well-being Monitoring in Pregnancy Care: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Li Jane , Silvera-Tawil David , Varnfield Marlien , Hussain M Sazzad , Math Vanitha
Published: October 2021

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as wearable sensors, smart health devices, and mobile apps, that are capable of supporting pregnancy care are emerging. Although mHealth could be used to facilitate the tracking of health changes during pregnancy, challenges remain in data collection compliance and technology engagement among pregnant women. Understanding the interests, preferences, and requirements of pregnant women and those of clinicians is needed when designing and introducing mHealth solutions for supporting pregnant women’s monitoring of health and risk factors throughout their pregnancy journey.

Objective

This study aims to understand clinicians’ and pregnant women’s perceptions on the potential use of mHealth, including factors that may influence their engagement with mHealth technologies and the implications for technology design and implementation.

Methods

A qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted with 4 pregnant women, 4 postnatal women, and 13 clinicians working in perinatal care.

Results

Clinicians perceived the potential benefit of mHealth in supporting different levels of health and well-being monitoring, risk assessment, and care provision in pregnancy care. Most pregnant and postnatal female participants were open to the use of wearables and health monitoring devices and were more likely to use these technologies if they knew that clinicians were monitoring their data. Although it was acknowledged that some pregnancy-related medical conditions are suitable for an mHealth model of remote monitoring, the clinical and technical challenges in the introduction of mHealth for pregnancy care were also identified. Incorporating appropriate health and well-being measures, intelligently detecting any abnormalities, and providing tailored information for pregnant women were the critical aspects, whereas usability and data privacy were among the main concerns of the participants. Moreover, this study highlighted the challenges of engaging pregnant women in longitudinal mHealth monitoring, the additional work required for clinicians to monitor the data, and the need for an evidence-based technical solution.

Conclusions

Clinical, technical, and practical factors associated with the use of mHealth to monitor health and well-being in pregnant women need to be considered during the design and feasibility evaluation stages. Technical solutions and appropriate strategies for motivating pregnant women are critical to supporting their long-term data collection compliance and engagement with mHealth technology during pregnancy.
To Use or Not to Use a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Mixed Methods Survey in Wales
Authors: Jones Kerina , Thompson Rachel
Published: October 2021

Background

Many countries remain in the grip of the COVID-19 global pandemic, with a considerable journey still ahead toward normalcy and free mobility. Contact tracing smartphone apps are among a raft of measures introduced to reduce spread of the virus, but their uptake depends on public choice.

Objective

The objective of this study was to ascertain the views of citizens in Wales on their intended use of a COVID-19 contact tracing smartphone app, including self-proposed reasons for or against use and what could lead to a change of decision.

Methods

We distributed an anonymous survey among 4000 HealthWise Wales participants in May 2020. We adopted a mixed methods approach: responses to closed questions were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; open question responses were analyzed and grouped into categories.

Results

A total of 976 (24.4%) people completed the survey. Smartphone usage was 91.5% overall, but this varied among age groups. In total, 97.1% were aware of contact tracing apps, but only 67.2% felt sufficiently informed. Furthermore, 55.7% intended to use an app, 23.3% refused, and 21.0% were unsure. The top reasons for app use were as follows: controlling the spread of the virus, mitigating risks for others and for oneself, and increasing freedoms. The top reasons against app use were as follows: mistrusting the government, concerns about data security and privacy, and doubts about efficacy. The top response for changing one’s mind about app use from being willing to being unwilling was that nothing would; that is, they felt that nothing would cause them to become unwilling to use a contact tracing app. This was also the top response for changing one’s mind from being unwilling to being willing to use contact tracing apps. Among those who were unsure of using contact tracing apps, the top response was the need for more information.

Conclusions

Respondents demonstrated a keenness to help themselves, others, society, and the government to avoid contracting the virus and to control its spread. However, digital inclusion varied among age groups, precluding participation for some people. Nonetheless, unwillingness was significant, and considering the nature of the concerns raised and the perceived lack of information, policy and decision-makers need to do more to act openly, increase communication, and demonstrate trustworthiness if members of the public are to be confident in using an app.
Demographics Associated With Stress, Severe Mental Distress, and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: Nationwide Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey
Authors: Midorikawa Haruhiko , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Taguchi Takaya , Shiratori Yuki , Takahashi Asumi , Takahashi Sho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: October 2021

Background

With the spread of COVID-19, the deterioration of public mental health has become a major global and social problem.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the 3 mental health problems associated with COVID-19, that is, perceived stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms, and the various demographic factors, including occupation.

Methods

A nationwide web-based questionnaire survey was conducted in Japan from August 4 to 31, 2020. In addition to sociodemographic data, the degrees of perceived stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms associated with COVID-19 were measured. After performing a descriptive statistical analysis, factors related to stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 8203 respondents submitted survey responses, among whom 34.9% (2861/8203) felt intense stress associated with COVID-19, 17.1% (1403/8203) were depressed, and 13.5% (1110/8203) had severe anxiety symptoms. The logistic regression analysis showed that each of the 3 mental health problems were prevalent in females, nonbinary gender, people in their 50s, 60s and older, respondents who visited psychiatrists, and those currently in psychiatric care. Severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms were associated with the number of effective lifestyle coping strategies during the lockdown period. Severe mental distress was only prevalent in teenagers and respondents in their 20s, as students tended to develop stress and severe mental distress. With regard to occupation, working in nursing care and welfare, education and research, and medical and health sectors was associated with stress; however, working in these occupations was not associated with severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms. Unemployment was associated with severe mental distress and anxiety symptoms. All 3 mental health problems were prevalent in part-time workers and those working in entertainment and arts sectors.

Conclusions

Gender, age, occupation, history of psychiatric visits, and stress coping mechanisms were associated with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, but their associations with stress, severe mental distress, and anxiety symptoms differed. In addition, the actual state of mental health varied according to the respondents’ occupation. It is necessary to consider the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health not only at the individual level but also at the occupational level.
Breaking the Data Value-Privacy Paradox in Mobile Mental Health Systems Through User-Centered Privacy Protection: A Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Zhang Dongsong , Lim Jaewan , Zhou Lina , Dahl Alicia A
Published: October 2021

Background

Mobile mental health systems (MMHS) have been increasingly developed and deployed in support of monitoring, management, and intervention with regard to patients with mental disorders. However, many of these systems rely on patient data collected by smartphones or other wearable devices to infer patients’ mental status, which raises privacy concerns. Such a value-privacy paradox poses significant challenges to patients’ adoption and use of MMHS; yet, there has been limited understanding of it.

Objective

To address the significant literature gap, this research aims to investigate both the antecedents of patients’ privacy concerns and the effects of privacy concerns on their continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS.

Methods

Using a web-based survey, this research collected data from 170 participants with MMHS experience recruited from online mental health communities and a university community. The data analyses used both repeated analysis of variance and partial least squares regression.

Results

The results showed that data type (P=.003), data stage (P<.001), privacy victimization experience (P=.01), and privacy awareness (P=.08) have positive effects on privacy concerns. Specifically, users report higher privacy concerns for social interaction data (P=.007) and self-reported data (P=.001) than for biometrics data; privacy concerns are higher for data transmission (P=.01) and data sharing (P<.001) than for data collection. Our results also reveal that privacy concerns have an effect on attitude toward privacy protection (P=.001), which in turn affects continuous usage intention with regard to MMHS.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the literature by deepening our understanding of the data value-privacy paradox in MMHS research. The findings offer practical guidelines for breaking the paradox through the design of user-centered and privacy-preserving MMHS.
Correction: Artificial Intelligence–Based Prediction of Lung Cancer Risk Using Nonimaging Electronic Medical Records: Deep Learning Approach (Preprint)
Authors: Yeh Marvin Chia-Han , Wang Yu-Hsiang , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Bai Kuan-Jen , Wang Hsiao-Han , Li Yu-Chuan Jack
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

REMOVE
Author’s Response to Peer Reviews of “Machine Learning–Based Prediction of COVID-19 Mortality With Limited Attributes to Expedite Patient Prognosis and Triage: Retrospective Observational Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Doyle Riccardo
Published: October 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

These are authors' responses to peer review of ms#29392.
Avaliação: processo mediador de aprendizagem
Authors: Batista Daiane Martins , Both Ivo José , Gonçalves da Silva Frajuca Mariana
Published: October 2021

O objetivo desta pesquisa é discutir conceitos e contextos em que a avaliação se insere e suas contribuições para o ambiente escolar. O ensaio é uma revisão bibliográfica a partir de materiais e temas disponibilizados para leitura, estudo e discussão em sala de aula. O processo metodológico deste artigo surge como trabalho final da disciplina Avaliação como Processo Educativo, do programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu — Mestrado Profissional em Educação e Novas Tecnologias do Centro Universitário Internacional —UNINTER. Neste sentido, e por meio desta revisão bibliográfica, apresenta-se o conceito de educação e alguns elementos da trajetória educacional brasileira, com destaque para as mudanças em curso. Esse panorama educacional brasileiro é o pano de fundo para descrição da avaliação como processo mediador de aprendizagem. Ressalta-se que as avaliações não devem ter um caráter de verificação, mas voltar-se às funções diagnóstica e formativa, possibilitando diagnóstico da realidade do estudante para fomentar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, afinal, esse deve ser um dos objetivos da avaliação. A riqueza desta revisão da literatura possibilitou reflexões de elevado valor pedagógico, tais como a respeito da importância fundamental de novas posturas e de quebra de paradigmas para mudanças culturais, na cosmovisão das pessoas relacionada à avaliação, tanto dos discentes como dos docentes.
A cidade de Presidente Prudente (SP) sob a ótica de crianças de uma escola pública
Authors: De Sousa Evangelista Ariadne , Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin Fátima
Published: October 2021

Este artigo é um recorte de uma tese cujo tema central foi a cidade e a infância. A partir da Sociologia da Infância e Geografia da infância, discutiu-se como as crianças concebem a cidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, caracterizada como estudo de caso. Os sujeitos da investigação foram dez crianças, de nove a onze anos, estudantes de uma escola pública, localizada na área central de Presidente Prudente (SP). O instrumento metodológico foi o Poema dos Desejos ou Wish Poem, que consistiu em um desenho elaborado a partir da sentença “A minha cidade é...”.  Conforme a perspectiva dos educandos, a cidade comporta elementos artificiais e naturais, e sua organização privilegia os veículos em detrimento das pessoas; isto é, para eles, é um local de passagem, não de encontros e diversão. É necessário que o poder público atenda às demandas das crianças e planeje as cidades com base na dimensão humana. Logo, deve-se investir em espaços públicos atrativos, seguros e arborizados, que favoreçam a criatividade e o encontro.
Bases teóricas para a conceituação e construção de tecnologias cívicas
Authors: Fernandes Júnior Alvaro Martins , Luiz Bernardi Jorge
Published: October 2021

O presente texto é um ensaio teórico sobre tecnologias cívicas. Devido à escassa literatura nacional disponível sobre o tema, justifica-se a necessidade de apontar bases conceituais para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área, bem como a disseminação do uso e produção de tais tecnologias. Para essa construção teórica, dialoga-se com autores como Douglas Rushkoff (2010, 2019), Pierre Levy (2000, 2004), Duncan Green (2009), De Masi (2014), Bauman e Bordoni (2016), entre outros. O estudo indica que as tecnologias cívicas são vias de comunicação criadas por intermédio das tecnologias digitais, com vistas à promoção de ações que reduzam ciclos de reprodução de pobreza e desigualdade e fortaleçam o espírito democrático.
The main features of medical units participating in UN peacekeeping operations
Authors: Gritskikh A. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the organization of medical support for UN peacekeeping operations in modern conditions. Special attention is paid to the levels of medical care for military observers in UN missions. The main tasks of medical units, their composition of forces and means, as well as their state of the material and technical base located in missions and participating in the medical support of armed conflicts are disclosed. The main performance indicators of the medical unit based on the results of the work of 2017-2018 are analyzed.
Рroven experience in implementing proposals for improving the medical waste management system in military medical institutions of the ministry of defense of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsutsiev S. A. , Prigorelov O. G. , Vasyagin S. N. , Soshkin P. A.
Published: October 2021

Aim: the authors share their proven experience of participating in the development and scientific support of proposals for improving the medical waste management system.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the format of research work to substantiate proposals for improving the system of medical waste management in extreme conditions.

Results. It was found that the system of medical waste management, which functions stably under the conditions of daily activities in peacetime, in extreme situations fails and creates a risk of spreading infectious diseases among the personnel of medical institutions, the population, as well as environmental pollution. This problem is obvious also for military medical institutions of various power structures. The essence of the proposals is to maximize reduction of the stages of the waste life cycle, which in the applied aspect is implemented by equipping military medical institutions with standard installations for the disposal of any medical waste.

Conclusion. The value of the conducted research lies not only in the innovative nature of the proposals made, but also in the fact that they were made long before the events associated with the epidemic of coronavirus infection. The results of this work were neither appreciated at their true worth in a timely manner, nor received wide publicity and, as a result, they have not fully used to carry out preventive measures.
Women in the Russian Service for Emergencies: Motivation for Enter the Service and Career Features
Authors: Kashina M. A. , Nastasyuk N. P.
Published: October 2021

There are few sociological studies of the service in the structures of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation. There are few gender-sensitive research too. Although this type of public service has always been considered a sphere of male employment, women work in it too. The solution by these women of the “family-work” role conflict is very important. Purpose of the study: to find out the opinion of graduates of the St. Petersburg University of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia and female employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations about: 1) the motivation for women to enter this university; 2) the prospects for their career growth and the creation of a family. Methods: analysis of documents and departmental statistics, Internet survey, group focused interview. Sample survey: 200 university graduates, representing all areas of study. The focus group was attended by 6 women. They have a length of service in the Ministry of Emergency Situation from 5 to 10 years. Results. The study tested three hypotheses. 1) The motivation to enter this university is different for women and men. The hypothesis was disproved. At the same time, it turned out that for women it turns out to be more significant than for men, the influence of the immediate environment on the admission decision. 2) Service in the Ministry of Emergency Situations has significant differences from work in other organizations. It can affect the creation of a family. The hypothesis was partially confirmed. Features have been highlighted, but they do not have a significant impact on family creaation. 3) It is more difficult for women than for men to make a career in the structures of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The hypothesis requires additional verification. According to the respondents, careers are more influenced not by gender stereotypes, but by personal characteristics and the desire to pursue a career, but the opposite point of view was also presented. The relevance of the study. This pilot project made it possible to outline the directions for further study of the prospects for the feminization of public service of other types (not civil and not military).
Assessment of Education Quality Assurance Conditions During Public Accreditation of Educational Organization
Authors: Pavlova T. A. , Paromov A. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article proposes to evaluate the conditions of educational activities, which ensure the quality of education, during public accreditation of an educational organization. The approach is based on the use of the mechanism of external independent evaluation, conducted by a public organization, to determine the level of an educational organization in order to promote consistent improvement in the quality of the processes of providing and implementing educational activities. A number of indicators that can be expressed quantitatively are proposed. The work of the educational organization to ensure the quality of education in this case can be evaluated on the basis of the proposed indicators.
SALIENCY BASED ILLUMINATION CONTROL FOR GUIDING USER ATTENTION IN 3D SCENES
Authors: AKTAY Semihanur , BÜLBÜL Muhammed Abdullah
Published: October 2021

Visual attention has a major impact on how we perceive 3D environments and saliency is a component of visual attention expressing how likely a scene or item is to capture our attention due to its apparent features. Saliency relies upon shape, shading, brightness, and other visual attributes of items. The saliency distribution of a visual field is influenced by the illumination of a scene, which has a significant impact on those visual properties. This work aims to control the saliency by manipulating the illumination parameters in a 3D scene. For this reason, given a sensible 3D scene, the light parameters that provide maximum saliency for the point of interest objects are investigated. In other words, we propose a method for task-aware automatic lighting setup. In this paper, 2D renderings of a 3D scene from various perspectives are considered, and the effects are analyzed in terms of saliency distribution under various lighting conditions. Also, for this process, different saliency estimation methods and calculations are investigated and eye tracker based user experiments are conducted to verify the results.