bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NG-18-02-R01 Research on Conditions Affecting Crack Initiation in Line Pipe - Phase 2
Authors: W C. , Bert  , McClure G. M. , Grover H. J.
Published: August 2023

Although steels behave in a ductile manner in a simple tensile test, they sometimes crack in a brittle fashion when subjected to fairly low service stresses. In order to understand and to control this brittle or cleavage fracture in line pipe, a research program was initiated. At first, the program was directed toward the propagation aspects of the problem. This resulted in a series of large-scale tests using natural gas as the pressuring medium. In this series of tests, it was established that there is a definite relation between the velocity at which a crack travels through a pipe and the behavior of a small coupon of the pipe steel in a notched-bar impact test. The later emphasis has been on the initiation phase of cleavage fracture. This emphasis was based on the belief, indicated by ship-plate steel fracture studies, that the stress-level barrier to crack initiation is greater than the barrier to crack propagation. Operational economics and the fact that a crack cannot propagate unless it is initiated indicated that an investigation of the factors involved in the initiation of cracks in line pipe would be valuable. Such an investigation should provide a sound foundation on which to base pipeline design, specification, and operation.
WIC-V05-03 Properties of Welds in Thick Section NB-Containing Steels
Authors: McDonald R.D. , Glover A.G. , Lazor R.B.
Published: August 2023

A study of the properties of weld heat-affected zones in steel plate designed for marine service at low temperatures. This report includes the examination of two steels suitable for marine service. The main differences between the two steels are in the C, Nb, Ti, and Mo contents. These steels are compared to the properties of steels previously examined. Also includes a study of normalized and aged Mn-Mo-Nb-V steels, development of heavy wall high strength bent pipe for artic usage, and weldability of steels for X70+ and rare-earth treated steels.
PR469-173604-R01 Guidelines on the Selection and Application of Cathodic Protection Coupons
Authors: Wuxi Bi , Zhenhua Chen
Published: August 2023

A Cathodic Protection (CP) coupon is a useful tool to evaluate the CP level of a buried structure; however, some issues have remained unresolved to date, such as CP coupon edge effects, coating effects, coupon orientations, base plate lateral width effects, etc.

The aim of this project was to study eight specific CP coupon related issues using numerical modeling, lab testing and large-scale field-testing methods to develop a practical guideline for CP coupon selection and field application. Through this research, the roles played by soil resistivity and the main CP coupon design parameters affecting CP coupon performance have been established. Moreover, new CP coupon phenomena were also identified which may deepen our understanding of CP coupons.
PR-586-20205-Z01 Pump Station Efficiency Improvement Evaluation
Authors: Dickau Ralph , Lockley Bill
Published: August 2023

Pump station efficiency improvement is more complicated and specialized than simply following the latest industry trends. Liquids pipelines are different in many ways from comparable pumping environments. The pumps and electrical equipment are larger than in typical utilities, the stations on a pipeline are spaced out geographically over large parts of the country making maintenance and control more challenging. Much of what is researched and written is not applicable to the scale of liquid hydrocarbon pipelines, therefore, this report is unique in its examination of the factors that affect pump station efficiency and operating costs. Many practical and accessible means to improve pump station efficiency and reduce the cost of pumping liquid hydrocarbon are presented.
PB2011104132 Strain-Based Design of Pipelines
Authors: Mohr William
Published: August 2023

In recognition of the increasing trend toward the strain-based design of pipelines and the need for basic guidance on strain-based design, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) co-funded EWI to provide general guidance on strain-based design for pipelines both for the on-shore and off-shore environment. The resulting guidance can be found in this report.

Special consideration has been given to the choice and qualification of pipe material, the choice

and qualification of girth welding procedures and the demonstration that both pipe and weld areas have sufficient strain capacity to meet the requirements of the design.

The current use of strain-based design has many project-specific components. This limits the ability of a "cookbook" approach where each step can be laid out as part of a common design sequence to apply to all areas of pipe strain-based design. This situation would indicate that taking the current state-of-the-art methods and creating a code or standard would be ineffective at covering the range of needs for future pipeline designs. Yet, because there are many choices that are part of a particular pipeline strain-based design, the availability of guidance and recommended practices can help simplify the design and qualification process for many pipelines. Going forward with this approach, the guidance provided in this report could profitably be taken forward by the industry into, for instance, an API-recommended practice.

The primary areas where the strain-based design will be used are in the design of reeled laying of offshore pipelines, in thermal design of arctic pipelines, in the design of types of offshore pipelay systems, in design and assessment of pipelines in areas with significant expected ground movement, and in high-temperature and high-pressure HT/HP pipeline designs.
PR-186-9220-R02 The Use of Coupons for Estimating Off-Potential - Phase 2
Authors: Thompson N.G. , Lawson K.M.
Published: August 2023

The Phase II study was divided into four tasks: Task 1 - Review of Coupon Studies, Task 2 - QperatThg PipeiThe Site Evaluations, Task 3 - Test Site Evaluations, and Task 4 - Guide/ The Development the purposes of Task 1 was to review other studies that have examined the use of coupons for measuring the level of protection provided by a CF system. The purpose of Task 2 was to expand the field conditions for evaluating the coupon methodology. The purpose of Task 3 was to examine the accuracy of coupon off-potentials. The purpose of Task 4 was to develop guidelines for employing the coupon monitoring methodology.
PR-186-9220-R03 Relationship Between Coupon and Pipe - Phase 3
Authors: Thompson N.G. , Lawson K.M.
Published: August 2023

An annual report summarized the work completed in the third phase of the project. The relationship between the coupon and the pipe was the primary focus. The overall objectives of Phase III are: (1) to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the coupon and the surface condition of the pipe and (2) to quantify technology such that it can be used as an alternative to conventional monitoring practices, specifically as a means of applying acceptable criteria for CP.
PR-000-21COMP-R04 Valve Spacing and Automation Compendium
Authors: Choquette Gary
Published: August 2023

The PRCI Technical Committees have carried multiple research projects related to the subject of valve spacing and automation. This report, therefore, presents a summary of past PRCI funded studies in the area of valve spacing and automation. Since not all studies sponsored by other industry groups (e.g., INGAA, EPRG, APIA, CEPA, etc.) or by individual pipeline companies are not included, this report does not represent a review of the topic in the broader industry-wide sense. Instead, it is designed to provide a guide to past work so that current TC members can identify and locate project reports that might be of use in addressing their current day-to-day valve spacing, the related noise issues, and automation issues.
NG-18-10-R02 Dynamic Initiation of a Flaw in Pipes
Authors: Wilkowski G.M. , Kiefner J.F. , Eiber R. J.
Published: August 2023

The results of this research showed that when the material is at a temperature below its fracture propagation transition temperature, the through-wall axial flaw length dynamically created by means of an explosive linear cutter was 75 to 88 percent of the critical flaw length under static conditions at the same pressure. This ratio of dynamic to static flaw sizes existed at a temperature of 50 F below the DWTT 85 percent shear area transition temperature. When the material is at a temperature above its DWTT transition temperature, the critical flaw size for dynamic loading was greater than 95 percent of the critical flaw length for static conditions at the same pressure and temperature.

Similarly, it was shown that the failure pressure was reduced due to the dynamic initiation below the propagation transition temperature to between 81 to 86 percent of that for static failure. The reduction in failure pressure or change in critical flaw length is dependent on the pipe geometry, strength, stress level, and toughness.
GAO-06-945 GAO Natural Gas Pipeline Risk-Based Standards
Authors: Author Unknown
Published: August 2023

The Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002 requires that operators (1) assess gas transmission pipeline segments in about 20,000 miles of highly populated or frequently used areas by 2012 for safety threats, such as incorrect operation and corrosion (called baseline assessments), (2) remedy defects, and (3) reassess these segments at least every 7 years. Under the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration's (PHMSA) regulations, operators must reassess their pipeline segments for corrosion at least every 7 years and for all safety threats at least every 10, 15, or 20 years, based on industry consensus standards - and more frequently if conditions warrant. Operators must also carry out other prevention and mitigation measures.

To meet a requirement in the 2002 act, this study addresses how the results of baseline assessments and other information inform us on the need to reassess gas transmission pipelines every 7 years and whether inspection services and tools are likely to be available to do so, among other things. In conducting its work, GAO contacted 52 operators that have carried out about two-thirds of the baseline assessments conducted to date.
PR-214-183816-R01 Full-scale Fatigue Testing of Field Dents
Authors: Tiku Sanjay , John Binoy , Rana Arnav
Published: August 2023

Significant effort has been spent in understanding dent fatigue behavior and developing engineering assessment tools for dent integrity management involving full-scale dent testing and numerical modeling through Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) sponsored research [1][2][3][4][5]. The results of the research work have been incorporated in American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practice (RP), API RP 1183 [6]. The assessment tools have been validated and calibrated against full-scale dent fatigue tests. The experimental database of dent full-scale fatigue tests; however, consisted of dents created in the laboratory and the majority of these were created using dome shaped (semi-elliptical end caps) indenters.

The current project scope was developed to address the specific gap between fabricated samples developed for full-scale test and real world samples, and to provide further validation of the dent fatigue life assessment methodologies incorporated in API RP 1183[6]. The field dents tested under the current project ranged in depth from 0.6 % to 11 % and included pipe samples with diameters ranging from 10" OD to 40" OD. The experimental data generated using former in-service pipeline samples was used to assess and validate the Level 2 and Level 3 dent fatigue assessment tools incorporated in API RP 1183 and support the improved management of mechanical damage so that dig programs can be better managed and the resources effectively utilized by the operating companies.

Related webinar
PR-335-203810-R03 CT Fundamentals with Calibration and Reference Standards for Pipeline Anomaly Detection
Authors: Malinowski Owen , Riccardella Scott , Velsor Jason Van
Published: August 2023

X-ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) was initially developed and utilized in the medical industry to image the internal structure of the human body. X-ray imaging was conceived and realized at the turn of the 20th century and subsequently, XRCT, was conceived in the middle of the 20th century and its development continues today. Near the end of the 20th century industrial cone beam XRCT for applications such as dimensional metrology branched off, including its use for identifying and dimensioning flaws.

XRCT has been utilized successfully for three-dimensional imaging of flaws in the small panel cut-outs from steel oil and gas transmission pipelines. However, the performance of XRCT on full-circumference pipe samples has not been assessed to determine if the technology can be used to obtain flaw dimensional information with the same accuracy that has been observed on panel cut-outs. This would enable the industry to generate full-circumference reference samples with well-characterize flaw dimensions, which would be much more practical and useful for qualification, certification, and validation of inline inspection and nondestructive examination tools, personnel, and procedures.

This tasks for this project were to evaluate the state-of-the-art in XRCT technology, establish guidelines for XRCT scanning of pipeline samples, compare XRCT performance on artificial and natural flaws, and compare performance of lab-based and in-the-ditch XRCT technologies on artificial and natural flaws through scanning multiple samples utilizing multiple XRCT vendors and subsequently destructive testing the samples. The overall objective of the project was to determine if XRCT is a viable alternative to destructive testing for collecting "truth" data from flaw reference samples.

Related webinar
PR-312-18208-R03 AERMOD Performance Assessments, Implementation Issues and Recommended Improvements
Authors: Panek Jeffrey , Huth Adrian , Krol Alan , McCarthy James
Published: August 2023

In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adopted a 1-hour nitrogen dioxide (NO2) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 100 parts per billion (ppb) or approximately 188 micrograms per cubic meter (�g/m3) that is considerably more stringent than the longstanding annual standard of 53 ppb (100 �g/m3). New or modified compressor units may be encumbered by federal or state regulatory requirements to demonstrate compliance with the NO2 NAAQS using AERMOD, EPA's dispersion model, because the new NAAQS greatly reduces the compliance margin. Compressor stations have been increasingly requested to model source contribution to other nearby permitting actions through no new action on their part. Model conservatism and performance concerns has limited NO2 NAAQS compliance options necessitating the need to improve model estimates for reciprocating engine drivers at pipeline compressor stations.

AERMOD was developed and validated with a primary focus on larger sources with taller stacks, such as electric utility boilers, which results in model conservatism for sources such as compressor stations with shorter stacks that result in near-field modeled impacts. This report summarizes additional analyses conducted and reviewed with EPA that were completed to assess and reduce model conservatism and improve overall model performance. This report presents a more detailed analysis of modeled versus observed results, model performance, and recommendations for model improvements. These analyses also evaluated other ongoing efforts (e.g., PRIME2 downwash improvements and integration of the ADMS chemistry module an alternative in AERMOD) using the data collected from this program may be used to assess these revisions.

This final report summarizes the deeper dive into the NOx chemistry, dispersion, and downwash performance assessments within AERMOD based on the Balko dataset. Specific recommendations are made throughout this report to improve overall model performance.
PO164-173840-R01 TWI Laser Surface Hardening Report - Calibration Plates
Authors: Wilson Andy
Published: August 2023

TWI's demonstration of the potential of using the laser surface hardening technique to generate multiple streak-like surface hardened regions on thermo-mechanically controlled steel plates to match a specified profile map.

This is not in a standard PRCI format.
PR-015-21208-R01 Improvements in Compressor and Pump Station Facility Efficiency
Authors: Burkey Russell , Katcher Kelsi , Gutierrez Luis
Published: August 2023

This research effort focused on identifying equipment and processes that can be applied at compressor and pump stations to improve station operating efficiency, thereby reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project approach included a literature review and a PRCI member-company survey followed by evaluation and analysis and reporting tasks.

This report has a corresponding webinar.
PR-652-203802-R01 Computed Tomography for the Development of Standards for Anomaly Detection-Characterization
Authors: Alexander Chris , Ganpatye Atul
Published: August 2023

This report documents the testing and inspection efforts undertaken to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of X-Ray Computed Tomography (XRCT) technology from the perspective of detection and quantification of flaws in pipelines.

The fundamental motivation behind this project is to leverage the capabilities of the XRCT technology for highly accurate detection and characterization of flaws in pipelines. The accurate sizing and characterization of flaws/cracks in pipelines is of great consequence in providing effective and efficient operational and repair decisions in any integrity management program.

As is the case with any emerging technology, comprehensive validation is needed before the technology can be considered mature enough to be effectively deployed by operators in the real-world or be used in the development of reference standards. This report discusses a validation approach and compares the XRCT results with those obtained from conventional NDE, and sectioning and microscopy, for synthetic and real-world features. Results are discussed in the context of the development of reference standards using synthetic flaws. The discussion provided in this document will be valuable for operators in understanding applicability, gaps, and future direction for the XRCT technology in the context of accurate flaw detection and characterization in pipelines.

Results discussed in the report show that XRCT has the potential to enable the pipeline industry to establish a set of reference standards that can be used for a wide range of purposes, including technology development and qualification, personnel training and competency testing for inspection of flaws in pipelines. Once established as a proxy for "truth", XRCT will significantly minimize the need for frequent destructive testing for the generation of validation data further enabling the use in the development of reference standards. Within the purview of the work scope completed in this project, XRCT showed excellent results with synthetic features confirming that the technology (along with the process of generating synthetic features) is ready to be used in the development of reference standards using synthetic features.

This work was funded in part, under the Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the Department of Transportation, or the U.S. Government.
PR-644-213803-R01 Fatigue Life Models for Pipeline Containing Dents and Gouges
Authors: Zhu Xian-Kui , Wiersma Bruce
Published: August 2023

Fatigue failure is a time-delayed failure that is one of the major threats to the pipeline integrity. For crack-like gouges in dents, the crack grows due to pressure cycling and eventually fails by fatigue. This work, which was funded by PRCI via Project MD-4-16, developed a viable engineering approach and a pragmatic fatigue model for predicting fatigue life of dents and gouges in pipelines. In particular, an equivalent stress method was developed with use of finite element analysis (FEA), and the crack driving force was determined based on the FEA results and the stress intensity factors (SIF) from API 579. The proposed fatigue model was evaluated with full-scale fatigue test data for line pipes containing dents and gouges, and then refined. The results showed that the refined fatigue model can predict adequate fatigue lives of dents and gouges in pipelines due to cyclic pressure.

This report has a corresponding webinar.
Reliability and Validity of Caregivers’ Fear of Falling Index When Caring for Home-Based Rehabilitation Patients With Fall-Related Fractures
Authors: Kakehi Tomohiro , Zenta Masashi , Ishimori Takuya , Tamura Naoki , Wada Hiromu , Bessho Masahiko , Kakuda Wataru
Published: August 2023

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of this new measure, called the caregivers’ fear of falling index (CFFI).Methods: The study surveyed home-based rehabilitation patients with fall-related fracture, and their primary caregivers. The characteristics of these patients were evaluated, and the caregivers were surveyed using the CFFI and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). The reliability of the CFFI was assessed using item-total correlation, while the validity of the CFFI was evaluated through correlation coefficients calculated between the CFFI and the FES-I.Results: The participants were 51 patient-caregiver pairs. The internal consistency of the CFFI showed an alpha coefficient of 0.904. No items were excluded in the corrected item-total correlations. The CFFI showed a moderate correlation with FES-I (r=0.432, p=0.002).Conclusion: This study found the CFFI to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the primary caregivers’ fear. The CFFI may be a useful tool for healthcare professionals to identify and supporting these primary caregivers.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer on Hot and Cold Sides of a Thermoelectric Generator Using Heat Sinks
Authors: KILINÇ Enes
Published: August 2023

This study represents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses to improve the heat transfer on the two sides of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) by utilizing heat sinks to recover the waste heat of hot air. In this respect, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG, the heat transfer rate on the hot and cold sides and the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the hot and cold air are investigated for varying hot air inlet temperature and Re number in terms of improving the heat transfer and accordingly the output power of the TEG. According to the numerical results, the maximum temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the TEG concerning hot air inlet temperature of 600 °C and Re number of 16800 is specified as 418.9 °C and 478.1 °C, respectively. In terms of heat transfer, maximum heat transfer rate on the hot side for hot air inlet temperature of 600 °C and Re number of 16800 is specified as 180.4 W and 205.1 W, respectively, while the maximum heat transfer rate on the cold side is specified as 168.0 W and 192.6 W. The maximum pressure drop occurs as 304.4 Pa for the Re number of 16800. As a result, increasing hot air inlet temperature and Re number yields an increase in the temperature difference, the heat transfer rate on the hot side, and the heat transfer rate on the cold side. Besides, pressure drop increases with increasing Re number.
Effect of Farm and Non-Farm Livelihood Activities on the Well-Being of Arable Crop Farmers in Yenagoa Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Sagbama, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Amaegberi Henry , Oyintonbra Ologidi Patrick ,   Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Sagbama, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Published: August 2023

This study analyzed the effect of farm and nonfarm livelihood activities on the well-being of arable crop farmers in Yenagoa Local Government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nigeria. Data were collected through well-structured questionnaire from 100 arable crop farmers. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result showed that poultry rearing (=3.5), swine rearing (=3.3), cassava cultivation (=3.3), maize cultivation (=3.1), rice cultivation (=2.9) were the farm and non-farm livelihood activities which had effect on arable crop farmers well-being. The result further showed that 60.0% of arable crop farmer had block house as the shelter and 40% had meal ratio of 1:0:1 daily. The regression result indicated that the coefficient of well-being of arable crop farmers (2.521) was positive and statistically significant at 1%. The study concluded that farm and non-farming livelihood activities had positive effect on arable crop farmers. Hence, it was recommended that arable crop farmers should be encouraged to also engage in non-farm livelihood activities.
Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) From Vegetable Waste and NPK on the Growth and Results of Corn (Zea Mays L.)
Authors:   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21Jatinangor., Sara Dirga Sapta , Sofyan Emma Trinurani ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21Jatinangor., Joy Benny ,   Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21Jatinangor.
Published: August 2023

Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) and NPK fertilizer are fertilizers that are often used as additional nutrients in the soil to increase the productivity of agricultural products. This experiment aims to test the level of effectiveness and benefits of LOF on corn plants of the Paragon variety, and to provide a comparison between LOF and NPK fertilizer in the analysis of production and farming economics. This experiment was carried out from August to December 2022 at the Experimental Field of the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java with an altitude of ± 750 meters above sea level . The experiment was carried out using the field trial method with a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments and repeated 4 times, namely 4 treatments with LOF doses, 1 treatment with recommended fertilizer and 1 control treatment. The results of the experiment showed that LOF treatment with NPK fertilizer had an effect on plant height, crown diameter, number of leaves, cob diameter, cob length, fresh and peeled cob weight, crop yield, and farm income. Based on the considerations of this experiment, LOF has met the requirements as a LOF that is suitable for use as a complementary nutrient supplement by combining single NPK fertilizers (Urea, Sp-36, and KCl). 1 treatment with recommended fertilizer and 1 control treatment. The results of the experiment showed that LOF treatment with NPK fertilizer had an effect on plant height, crown diameter, number of leaves, cob diameter, cob length, fresh and peeled cob weight, crop yield, and farm income. Based on the considerations of this experiment, LOF has met the requirements as a LOF that is suitable for use as a complementary nutrient supplement by combining single NPK fertilizers (Urea, Sp-36, and KCl). 1 treatment with recommended fertilizer and 1 control treatment. The results of the experiment showed that LOF treatment with NPK fertilizer had an effect on plant height, crown diameter, number of leaves, cob diameter, cob length, fresh and peeled cob weight, crop yield, and farm income. Based on the considerations of this experiment, LOF has met the requirements as a LOF that is suitable for use as a complementary nutrient supplement by combining single NPK fertilizers (Urea, Sp-36, and KCl).
Regulação estatal, alimentos e saúde no Brasil: reflexos do “Pacote do Veneno” no direito humano à alimentação adequada
Authors: Bosco Maria Goretti Dal , Khauaja Pedro Odebrecht
Published: August 2023

O presente estudo discute as ameaças representadas pela nova legislação sobre o controle do uso de agrotóxicos no Brasil, representada pelo Projeto de Lei nº 6.299/02, denominado pelos especialistas de “Pacote do Veneno”, por seus reflexos danosos ao Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA). O projeto, já aprovado pela Câmara dos Deputados e aguardando aprovação no Senado Federal, flexibiliza de forma grave a liberação de produtos agrotóxicos para uso na agricultura, por dar maior liberdade aos órgãos registradores, especialmente, o Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária (MAPA), assim como restringe perigosamente a atuação de outras instâncias antes envolvidas na liberação, como os Ministérios do Meio Ambiente e da Saúde, os quais tinham poder de veto anteriormente e, após a aprovação da nova lei, ficarão alijados do processo. Além disso, entre outros agravantes, o projeto prevê facilidades para o registro dos chamados “produtos genéricos”, a serem liberados mediante fórmulas já autorizadas, e modifica a proibição de liberação de agrotóxicos com características que indiquem riscos de câncer ou de mutações genéticas, substituindo por vedação apenas àquelas substâncias que apresentem risco inaceitável, mesmo depois de aplicada a gestão de riscos. A pesquisa se serve do método hipotético-dedutivo, que busca a eliminação dos erros a partir de uma hipótese, e da pesquisa bibliográfica, refletindo sobre a Lei atual de controle dos agrotóxicos e o novo projeto de Lei em tramitação no Senado Federal.
Effect of wearing high heels on the biomechanical parameters of the foot
Authors: Hasiuk Adrianna Maja , Jaszczur-Nowicki Jarosław , Granda Tomasz , Potocka-Mitan Małgorzata , Perliński Jacek , Guodong Zhang , Kruczkowski Dariusz , Bukowska Joanna M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Today's fashion and footwear market offers a wide range of stilettos. For women, stilettos are an important part of their wardrobe, providing a sense of confidence and enhancing physical attractiveness. Unfortunately, they also raise latent concerns among healthcare professionals due to the forced position of the foot. The aim of this study is to analyse present the effect of high heels on the distribution of foot forces on the ground in adult women attending high-heels dance classes. Material and Methods: The distribution of foot forces on the ground and the body balance of HHS female students before and after the training session were investigated. Foot arch measurements were taken using EPSR1 mats (Letsens Group, Letsens S.R.L. Via Buozzi, CastelMaggiore; Bologna, Italy). Results: The foot arch test showed that the entire study population had highly arched left feet (mean arched level of 8.85%) and right feet (3.70%). Analysis of the data showed that training in high heels reduced the longitudinal arch of the right foot (p=0.04942) by increasing metatarsal pressure. Pressure on the heel of the right foot decreased (p=0.017621). Statistical analysis of the stabilographic measurements showed statistically significant changes only in the distance from the centre of pressure before and after the test (p=0.047531). Conclusions: The results suggest that the development of an abnormal longitudinal arch (flatfoot) and a reduction in body balance may be attributable to prolonged wearing of high-heeled shoes.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN DEMAM TIFOID DENGAN METODE ATC/DDD DI RSI PKU MUHAMMADIYAH PEKAJANGAN
Authors: Putri Laily Aristiana , Desiani Ekanita , Prasetya Henry Budiawan
Published: August 2023

Demam tifoid merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Salmonella thypi. Pilihan yang tepat untuk dijadikan terapi utama pada pasien demam tifoid adalah antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan bakteri menjadi resisten terhadap antibiotik. Metode ATC/DDD adalah standar global untuk melaporkan studi penggunaan obat dan reaksi obat. Metode ATC/DDD digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dan menjadi prediksi awal ketidakrasionalan penggunaan suatu obat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien demam tifoid di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Pekajangan dengan metode ATC/DDD pada bulan Januari-Desember tahun 2022. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional bersifat deskriptif. Pengumpulan data secara retrospektif yang diperoleh dari data rekam medis pasien demam tifoid yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien dewasa usia 18-65 tahun terdiagnosa demam tifoid tanpa penyakit penyerta dan mendapat terapi antibiotik kemudian dianalisa secara kuantitatif. Rekam medis pasien demam tifoid periode Januari-Desember tahun 2022 terdapat 36 rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian dari 36 rekam medis diperoleh penggunaan antibiotik tunggal dan kombinasi sehingga diperoleh total 42 penggunaan antibiotik dengan 5 jenis yang digunakan. 5 jenis yang digunakan yaitu Ceftriaxone (38%), Levofloxacin (38%), Cefotaxime (12%), Cefuroxime (10%), dan Tetrasiklin (2%) serta diperoleh nilai DDD/100 Patient-days lebih tinggi daripada DDD yang ditetapkan WHO yaitu Ceftriaxone sebesar 44,16, Levofloxacin 30,00, Cefotaxime sebesar 6,25, Cefuroxime sebesar 6,11 dan Tetrasiklin sebesar 2,08 dengan total DDD/100 Patient-days yang diperoleh sebesar 88,60.
PERAN ORANG TUA DAN GURU DENGAN PENCEGAHAN PERILAKU MEROKOK SISWA SMP N 1 BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL
Authors: Widiyaningsih Dwi , Hermaini Ade Kattalia , Setyowati Rustiana
Published: August 2023

Background: The results of the preliminary study, namely the researchers saw that there were high school children who smoked in the SMP N 1 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta environment, the researchers also interviewed several students regarding the role of parents and teachers and found that there were parents of students who smoked and teachers who brought cigarettes to school. Based on this preliminary study, the researchers saw that there were high school students who smoked in the SMP N 1 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta 2023 environment. Objective: Knowing association between the role of parents and teachers with the prevention of smoking behavior in class VIII students in junior high school 1 banguntapan bantul yogyakarta 2023. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique used is proportionate random sampling. with the number of samples taken were 62 Class VIII students in junior high school 1 Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi Square. Result: There is a association between the role of parents and the with the prevention of smoking with a P value (37,455) > P tabel (5.991). There is a association between the role of teacher's ole and the prevention of smoking with a P value (32,193) > P tabel (5.991)
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN PENGEMUDI TERLIBAT DALAM KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maelana Herman Wahyu Dwi , Wibowo Prihartarto Eko
Published: August 2023

A traffic accident is an unexpected event and an event that is not caused by an element of intent. Traffic accidents can cause harm to the driver himself or to other people by causing loss of life or material loss. This study aimed to determine the factors that caused drivers to be involved in traffic accidents in the City of Yogyakarta. This research is a quantitative research type. The data sources used were primary data, in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of existing data at the Yogyakarta City Transportation Agency. Data collection techniques were carried out by literature study, documentation and interviews. The data population and data samples were 1520 from 2019-2021. The analysis was performed using diagram analysis and univariate analysis. There has been a decrease in the number of traffic accidents caused by driver factors in the city of Yogyakarta from 2019 to 2021. With the percentage of Disorganized 37.1%, Speed Limit 33.6%, Inattentive 14.9%, Tired 10.3%, Drowsiness 3.6%, Effect of Alcohol 0.3% and sickness 0.2%.
PEMANFAATAN POTENSI LOKAL BERBASIS HOME INDUSTRI PEMBUATAN DONAT UBI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI PADA DUSUN SEGOROYOSO 2 PLERET BANTUL DIY
Authors: Sholihin Moh , Budiningrum Endah Wening , Murdapa Purnama Andri , Wibowo Prihartarto Eko
Published: August 2023

ABSTRAKPeningkatan usaha ekonomi dalam bidang pertanian, perikanan, dan perdagangan menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang dialami oleh Desa Segoroyoso. Selain menjadi permasalahan, bidang pertanian juga merupakan potensi yang dimilikik oleh Desa Segoroyoso. Kebijakan pembangunan desa dalam upaya pembinaan kemasyakatan Desa Segoroyoso, berusaha untuk meningkatkan rutinitas masyarakat miskin dan rentan dalam pengembangan usaha berbasis potensi lokal, dan juga memberikan dukungan bagi masyarakat miskin dan rentan melalui penyediaan lapangan usaha, dana bergulir, kewirausahaan, dan lembaga keuangan mikro (Kebijakan Pembangunan Desa, 2017).Akademi Manajemen Administrasi Yogyakarta (AMAYO) dalam salah satu mata kuliahnya mengajarkan mahasiswa untuk melihat potensi diri dan mengembangkannya dalam bidang kewirausahaan. Pengembangan potensi diri ini mengharapkan mahasiswa AMAYO dapat lebih mandiri dalam menjalani masa-masa kuliah. Ini sangat relevan dengan program kerja Desa Segoroyoso sehingga Dosen AMAYO beserta mahasiswa melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan tema “Meningkatkan Kemandirian dengan Memanfaatkan Potensi Lokal”.Pemanfaatan potensi lokal yang dilakukan dengan proses yang sederhana dan dapat dilakukan dirumah dengan peralatan yang sederhana. Pemanfaatan potensi lokal yang dimaksud adalah pemanfaatan ubi, yaitu bagaimana mengolah ubi menjadi makanan yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat dan dapat diperjual belikan untuk menambah penghasilan masyarakat. Sesuai dengan pernyataan (Jumriah Langkong, Andi Nur Faidah Rahman, 2019) bahwa masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan potensi ubi jalar dan labu yang ada di daerahnya agar memiliki nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi. Pemanfaatan ini dapat dilakukan dengan mengolah ubi dan labu menjadi aneka kue seperti donat, panada, dan roti goreng.Kata Kunci: Kemandirian, Potensi Lokal, Donat Ubi
The structural planning of the girder pci girder spanning 25.90 m Pier 20-21 on the Cimanggis - Cibitung Cctw 2 Toll Road Project
Authors: Surviyanda Islami Syella
Published: August 2023

This Bridge Structure Planning is a development which is located on the main road in the MM2100 area. With this planning aims to overcome the problem of congestion in this location. The girder planning with a span length of 25.90 meters was built using Precast Concrete I Girder. The required technical data is the span’s length, the road’s width, and the road’s class. The basis for planning this bridge refers to the regulations of SNI 1725: 2016, SNI 2833: 2016, and SNI 2847: 2019. The calculated loads are dead, live, traffic, and environmental. In this plan, the Microsoft Excel program is used to facilitate the analysis of the PCI-Girder structure. The result of this plan is to get the shape and dimensions of the long-span PCI Girder that supports the load acting on the bridge structure to obtain a safe bridge structure.
Implementasi Media Film Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Sejarah di Prodi Pendidikan Sejarah UISU Pada Mata Kuliah Sejarah Lokal
Authors: Muharman Indra , Sumantri Pulung , Fitri Hadiani , Huda Muhammad Komarul
Published: August 2023

Peranan media film dalam pembelajaran sangat penting karena melalui film dapat membentuk pendidikan karakter mahasiswa. Cerita-cerita yang disajikan dalam film mengandung pesan-pesan yang baik sehingga dapat dicontoh dan diimplementasikan dalam kehidupan. Film adalah salah satu media yang paling tepat digunakan dalam pembelajaran, nilai-nilai yanglada dalam film membawa arus perubahan karakter mahasiswa. Pada program studi pendidikan sejarah UISU pada mata kuliah sejarah lokal, penggunaan film sebagai sumber pembelajaran memiliki manfaat yang signifikan. Mahasiswa dapat menikmati pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif dan menarik, serta memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang sejarah lokal. Pemilihan film yang relevan dan akurat secara historis, pengenalan konteks sejarah sebelum menonton film, diskusi sebelum dan setelah menonton film, analisis kritis terhadap narasi film, dan penelitian tambahan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang topik yang diangkat dalam film adalah semua tindakan yang diperlukan dalam penggunaan media film. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah kualitiatif deskriptif yaitu penelitian yang menyajikan temuan dalam bentuk deskriptif kalimat yang rinci, lengkap, dan mendalam yang menggambarkan situasi sebenarnya guna mendukung penyajian data. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, kalimat atau gambar yang memiliki arti lebih bermakna daripada sekedar penyajian angka atau frekuensi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian dasar yang menekan pada objek dan faktafakta yang tampak yaitu penerapan media film pada mata kuliah sejarah lokal sebagai penguatan pemahaman tentang teknik penelitian sejarah untuk Mahasiswa prodi pendidikan sejarah FKIP UISU Medan.
Implementasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah dengan Materi Islam pada Peserta Didik SMA Negeri 11 Medan
Authors: Daulay Mawarda , Nababan Surya Aymanda , Saragih Ridho Gilang Amalsyah , Hutasuhut Mei Sahputri
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi pendidikan multikultural dalam pembelajaran sejarah dengan materi Islam pada peserta didik SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Information dikumpulkan melalui observasi kelas, wawancara dengan Guru sejarah, dan analisis dokumen. Peserta penelitian adalah guru sejarah dan peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pendidikan multikultural dalam pembelajaran sejarah dengan materi Islam pada peserta didik SMA Negeri 11 Medan sudah dilakukan dengan baik. Master sejarah menggunakan berbagai pendekatan dan strategi yang memperhatikan keragaman peserta didik. Mereka menggali sumber-sumber sejarah Islam yang beragam dan menggunakan metode diskusi, penugasan kelompok, dan kegiatan lapangan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik tentang sejarah Islam.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Madrasah Aliyah Tahfizhil Quran
Authors: Kaldianus Retno , Pulung Sumantri  , Aditya Darma
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan penanamam kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran sejarah, menganalisis bagaimana pemahaman siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Tahfizhil Quran terhadap pembelajaran sejarah, dan mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menanamkan kearifan lokal pada siswa di Madrsah Aliyah Tahfizhil Quran. Penanaman kearifan lokal penting diterapkan sebagai sarana bagi peserta didik untuk mencintai budaya. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang dilakukan lebih lanjut penyebab dari aspek sosial tertentu. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis interaksi yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) penanaman kearifan lokal dalam pembelajaran sejarah guru hanya mengembangkan sendiri pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan daerah. Penanaman kearifan lokal cenderung pada kegiatan sekolah diluar pembelajaran 2) implementasi nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik sudah berjalan dengan baik. Nilai-nilai kearifan lokal meliputi etika, estetika, religius, dan sosial.
Politik Islam di Afghanistan: Studi Terhadap Kekuasaan Kelompok Taliban
Authors: Fatianda Septian
Published: August 2023

Afghanistan is a Muslim country with a long history of conflict. Politics in Afghanistan has always been characterized by repeated coups against the ruling leaders. Since 1994, a group of Afghan religious students formed an extremist group called the Taliban. This group even became the sole ruler of the country after the coup against Ashraf Gani in 2021. This paper aims to examine the embryo of the conflict that led to the emergence of the strong Taliban group in Afghanistan. The research method used in this study is a historical method with four steps: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that Afghanistan has never stopped fighting. In the current context, the Taliban has become an authoritarian ruler, and political and security conditions in Afghanistan are far from conducive. Women have been the group most affected by policies that restrict their rights.
QDOT MICRO™ versus THERMOCOOL
®
SMARTTOUCH™ and THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH
®
Surround Flow in radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Osorio Jose , Maccioni Sonia , Sharma Reecha , Patel Leena , Spin Paul , Natale Andrea
Published: August 2023

Aim:
The objective of this study was to indirectly compare QDOT MICRO™ (QDOT), Thermocool
®
SmartTouch™ (ST) and Thermocool
®
SmartTouch
®
Surround Flow (STSF) to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Methods:
Differences in baseline characteristics between study cohorts were reduced by reweighting patients using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The primary outcome was procedure time. Secondary outcomes were fluoroscopy time, clinical success at 12 months, and rhythm monitoring-adjusted recurrence.
Results:
QDOT was associated with significantly faster mean procedure and fluoroscopy time, and significant improvement in the rate of recurrence compared with pooled ST/STSF. No difference was observed for clinical success at 12 months.
Conclusion:
QDOT was associated with greater efficiency, greater effectiveness in rhythm monitoring-adjusted recurrence and similar effectiveness in clinical success at 12 months compared with pooled ST/STSF.
L’incidence développementale des investissements chinois en RDC : cadre juridique actuel pour investissements
Authors: Chris SANGA MULOPWE , KANDA BANZA MEDA
Published: August 2023

La course au « développement économique utilisé comme un des critères de l’investissement et le développement durable visant à intégrer les préoccupations environnementales dans le droit international de l’investissement », ne laisse aucun État indifférent aujourd’hui. Assurément pour l’État congolais, le développement s’inscrit comme un objectif à atteindre mais aussi comme un moyen lui permettant d’amplifier sa croissance économique par le biais d’investissements internationaux. C’est dans ce contexte que le Gouvernement congolais a conclu le 17 Septembre 2007 et le 22 Avril 2008 respectivement un Protocole d’accord et une Convention de collaboration avec un groupe d’entreprises chinoises dans l’objectif de réaliser des projets d’exploitation minière et d’infrastructures. Aborder la question de l’incidence développementale des investissements chinois en République Démocratique du Congo, c’est poser la problématique de la rencontre entre des capitaux étrangers et le développement de cet Etat. Le but de cet article est de proposer, après avoir procéder à l’analyse de ces deux actes juridiques, des solutions idoines en vue de traduire ces contrats en un véritable instrument au service du développement économique de la RDC, tout en assurant à la partie chinoise un gain commercial rational.