bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titania Nanocrystals Mixture for Cloths Finishing
Authors: Fei Bin , Zhang Yi He , Xin J.H.
Published: March 2009

In order to achieve better photocatalytic performance, rutile dispersion in anatase was
obtained from titanium isopropoxide (TIP) in a highly acidic solution at room temperature. Further
hydrothermal treatment at 130 oC increased the crystallinity of titania. TEM revealed that the
nanosized titania particles mainly consisted of granular anatase and rodlike rutile. These nanocrystals
were applied onto cotton fabrics, and achieved a durable and satisfying protection against UV
radiation. Preliminary experiments convinced us on the better photocatalytic behavior than the pure
anatase phase.
Adsorption of Fluoride by Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Supported Ceria Nanoparticles
Authors: Di Ze Chao , Li Yan Hui , Peng Xian Jia , Luan Zhao Kun , Liang Ji
Published: March 2009

Ceria nanoparticles supported on aligned carbon nanotubes (CeO2/ACNTs), a novel
adsorbent for fluoride from drinking water, were prepared by chemical reaction of CeCl3 with
NaOH on aligned carbon nanotube solution and subsequent heat treatment. The best fluoride
adsorption effect of CeO2/ACNTs occurs at pH 4.0 ~ 9.0. The largest adsorption capacity of
CeO2/ACNTs reaches 33.7 mg g-1 at an equilibrium fluoride concentration of 18.0 mg l-1 at pH 7.0.
The experiment results suggest that CeO2/ACNTs have great potential applications in
environmental protection.
Effect of Characteristics of Nano-Colloidal Silica Abrasives on Wafer Surface Roughness for Wafer Touch Polishing
Authors: Park Jin Hyung , Paik Ung Yu , Park Jea Gun
Published: March 2009

The purpose of this study is to reveal the mechanism of wafer touch polishing by high purity
colloidal silica slurry containing organic surfactants such as HEC (hydroxyl-ethyl cellulose). The
effect of surfactant concentration on wafer touch polishing was studied with the aim of improving
roughness on wafer surface after polishing. As a result, the level of haze and micro-roughness are
decreased with the decrease of surfactant concentration.
Laser Emission in PMMA Nano-Composite Films
Authors: Sun Xiao Hong , Tao Xiao Ming , Xue Pu , Deng Jian Guo , Cheong Kwan Kai
Published: March 2009

In this article, low-threshold random laser with one mirror and feedback is investigated in
PMMA film containing Rhodamine 590 and TiO2 nano-particles. Incoherent and coherent laser
emission is observed. Optics microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy are used to investigate
the film structure and the principle of incoherent and coherent laser is analyzed.
Improvement of Thermal Stability of Nickel Silicide Using Multi-Capping Structure
Authors: Kim Yong Jin , Choi Chel Jong , Oh Soon Young , Yun Jang Gn , Lee Won Jae , Ji Hee Hwan , Wang Jin Suk , Lee Hi Deok
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the electrical properties of NiSi have been characterized using multi capping
layer structure for nano CMOS application. We have investigated the formation and thermal stability
of Ni silicide using Ni, Ti and TiN capping layers (Ti/Ni/TiN) as a function of Rapid Thermal
Processing (RTP) temperature. It was shown that the NiSi with multi capping layer has lower sheet
resistances than that with single capping (TiN) layer. NiSi with multi capping layer also showed much
better thermal stability. It was verified that the formation Ni-Ti-Si ternary like layer at the top region
of thhe NiSi results in improvement of thermal stability.
Influence of Nanosized α-Ni(OH)2 Addition on the Electrochemical Performance of β-Ni(OH)2 Electrode
Authors: Han T.A. , Tu J.P. , Wu Jian Bo , Yuan Y.F. , Li Y.
Published: March 2009

Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)2 was synthesized by a chemical co-precipitation. The
as-prepared α-Ni(OH)2 particles were characterized by the means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained α-Ni(OH)2 particles were well crystallized,
spherical shape with the particle sizes of 20-35 nm. The electrochemical performance of β-Ni(OH)2
electrode with addition of nanosized α-Ni(OH)2 was investigated by galvanostatic charge-discharge
tests. The nanosized α-Ni(OH)2 as additive in the commercial microsized spherical β-Ni(OH)2
electrode improved the discharge capability. As compared to commercial β-Ni(OH)2 electrode, the
electrode with nanosized α-Ni(OH)2 exhibited excellent better charge-discharge cycling stability. It
may be a promising positive active material for alkaline secondary batteries.
Preparation and Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mg-20 wt.% Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2 Composite with TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang X.L. , Tu Jiang Ping , Zhang X.B. , Chen C.P.
Published: March 2009

Mg and Mg-Ni-based hydrides were mechanically milled with TiO2 nanoparticles to
prepare Mg-20 wt.% Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2-1.5 wt.% TiO2 composite. XRD results showed that the hydrides
decomposed partly during ball milling. Under the combined effects of the catalyst of TiO2
nanoparticles, Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2 alloy and Ni particles precipitated, and the mechanical driving force, the
composite showed rapid hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics. The absorption temperatures of the
composite were greatly decreased and the rates of hydriding were increased. The composite can
absorb 4.6 wt.% H at 373 K within 3 min and desorb 4.33 wt.% H at 573 K within 20 min.
Superconductivity in Entirely End-Bonded Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chou Hsin Nan , Kobayashi N. , Haruyama J. , Takesue I. , Chiasi S. , Maruyama S. , Sugai T. , Shinohara Hisanori
Published: March 2009

We report that entirely end-bonded multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) within
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) states at high temperatures can show superconductivity with
the transition temperature Tc as high as 12K that is approximately 40-times larger than those in
ropes of single-walled nanotubes. We find that emergence of this superconductivity is very
sensitive to junction structures of Au electrode/MWNTs. This indicates that MWNTs with
optimal numbers of electrically activated shells can allow the superconductivity that overcomes
the TLL sates, due to intershell effects.
Preparation of PbS Nanocrystals Using Novel Synthesized Ester as the Ligand
Authors: Song Shu Qing , Gao Qiu Ming
Published: March 2009

A novel kind of ester has been synthesized as the ligand to prepare the PbS nanocrystals
(NCs). When Pb(acac)2 (lead acetylacetonate) was used as the lead source, the (200) crystal plane
of the ester capped PbS NCs became preponderant during the coarsening process along with the
reduce of the contents of sulfide source. The ester ligand was stable and led to the formation of high
quality PbS NCs. The broad XRD diffraction peaks are typical of nanosized particles. The HRTEM
images showed well-defined, near monodispersed cubic particles.
Desulfurization Performance with ZnO Nanocrystalline to Eliminate H2S at Room Temperature
Authors: Shao Chun Hong , Jiang A.X. , Li F. , Yan B. , Li X.K. , Xin X.S.
Published: March 2009

Nanocrystalline ZnO powders, whose crystalline sizes were 14.3, 21.2,
24.1, and 35.3 nm, respectively, were prepared by homogeneous precipitation process.
Nanocrystalline ZnO powders were characterized with powder X-ray diffractometer
(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of desulfurization of H2S at room temperature
was investigated. Results demonstrated that the smaller the size of nanocrystalline
ZnO, the darker the color of desulfurization products would be, which was more
similar to the characteristics of multi-sulfide results, indicating that the mechanism of
desulfurization of nanocrystalline ZnO was not the same as that of the analytical pure
ZnO. Nanocrystalline ZnO improved the performance of desulfurization of H2S at
room temperature, and the activity time of nanocrystalline ZnO (14.3 nm) for the
desulfurization was 34 times that of analytical pure ZnO at absence of oxygen. When
the oxygen was present in reaction, the accuracy of desulfurization was improved, in
which H2S was prone to be oxidized into element S, and SO2 was not detected at
outlet of the reactor.
Characteristic Analysis on Monodrome Modal Algorithm Control and Its Application
Authors: Hu Xu Xiao
Published: March 2009

Nano drive parts based on thermal deformation is a new drive method, it can afford
more than 5000N feeding force, but it has great time-lag change which make it very difficult to
control, so it is critical to choose control method. In order to apply monodrome modal
algorithm control (MMAC) to nano feed system having large time-lag, A new step by step
fitting method by the experimental results to confirm model parameters of control system was
presented, and the characteristics of control system was analyzed. Simulation results show that
there is periodic error generated by model building, when the number of terms (N) adopted in
predicative modal of non-parametric and monotonic is lesser, i.e. little N generated periodic
error and there is a lager error when the sampling point are near N2N3N, but with the
increasing of number of terms (N), error becomes little, so comprehensive information and
error depend on the number of term (N). Predicative step is related to response speed and
robust characteristic, there are longer response speed and better robust characteristic, when the
predicative step is added. 15nm feeding accuracy was achieved by experiments, when the
MMAC was used in nano drive parts having large time-lag change.
Reduction of Gold from Plating Wastewater Using TiO2 Photocatalyst
Authors: Lee Jong Kook , Yoo Hae Keun , Seo Dong Seok , Kim Hwan
Published: March 2009

TiO2 photocatalyst has attracted much attention in recovering valuable metal ions from
industrial wastewater because TiO2 shows chemical stability and good wear resistant, and a
photocatalytic reaction occurs by illumination of the sun or fluorescent light. In this study, Au
removal and recovery in a gilding wastewater using TiO2 photocatalyst was evaluated. Commercially
obtained TiO2 powder and TiO2 film prepared by spray and screen print method were used for Au
adsorption. The cyanide existed in a plating wastewater was firstly removed with peroxide or
persulfate because a driving force for Au ion reduction during photocatalytic process could decrease
by the existed cyanide. Compared with persulfate, peroxide shows relatively slow removal rate of
cyanide but no precipitation occurs. With respect to photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 powder and film
for Au removal and recovery, it was found that the addition of 10 vol% of methanol as a hole
scavenger increases the rates of Au ion reduction and Au adsorption on the TiO2 powder and film,
subsequently the reaction of Au photoadsorption was completed within 60 min. Au lumps on the TiO2
particles obtained by photocatalytic reduction of TiO2 was confirmed by XRD analysis and TEM
observation.
Thickness Effect and Mesoscopic Character of the Metal Oxide Gas Sensing Nano-Thin Films
Authors: Xing Jian Ping , Li Juan , Zhou Lei , Li Jian Ming , Qiu Nan Yuan
Published: March 2009

The characters of metal oxide gas sensing nano-thin films are studied. The formula of the dynamical thickness effect
characteristic time is given. The relation of the sensitivity Sn and the film thickness l, the character of existing the optimum
thickness, the character of the change of conductance activity energy with the film thickness are given also. The idea of
diffusion reaction of gas sensing mechanism and the idea of mesoscopic effect in the nano-thin films are proposed.
Network Position, Research Funding and Interdisciplinary Collaboration among Nanotechnology Scientists: An Application of Social Network Analysis
Authors: Leung Ricky
Published: March 2009

The social dimensions of nanotechnology have aroused widespread interests in recent
years. In US, for example, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) mandates that a large
amount of funding resources to be allocated for studying the societal implications of
nanotechnology. Since NNI took effect in 2001, teaching and research in the social dimensions of
nanotechnology have grown tremendously [1].
Advances in social network analysis have opened up new research opportunities to
understand nanotechnology research and development. In particular, understanding scientific
collaboration can help researchers and entrepreneurs better strategize and exploit research
opportunities in nanotechnology. Moreover, social network analysis relies heavily on quantitative
measures. This feature may serve as a bridge between natural and social scientists to jointly
investigate the future directions of nanotechnology research and development (R&D).
Using a social network analysis framework, this paper examines the patterns of intra- and
inter-disciplinary collaborations among nanotechnology scientists. As an exploratory study, I
discuss three methodological issues after reporting some descriptive results. First, the collaborative
density used in this study is only one structural measure among many others. When investigating
network positions, researchers can utilize other network measures according to specific purposes.
Second, generalization may be methodologically problematic for network data. Accordingly,
researchers should ascertain the plausibility of probability assumptions. Finally, Bayesian estimates
allow researchers to combine beliefs about prior distribution and sample likelihood. Assuming a
beta-binomial model, I present a set of Bayesian estimates.
Nanotube Encoders
Authors: Dong L.X. , Subramanian A. , Nelson Bradly J. , Sun Y.
Published: March 2009

Linear encoders for nanoscale position sensing based on vertical arrays of single
multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are investigated from experimental, theoretical, and design
perspectives. Vertically aligned single MWNTs are realized using a combination of e-beam
lithography and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) growth. Field emission
properties of the array are investigated inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a
3-DOF nanorobotic manipulator with nanometer resolution functioning as a scanning anode. Lateral
position of the scanning anode is sensed from the emission distribution. High resolution (best: 12.9
nm; practical: 38.0 nm) for lateral position sensing around an emitter has been realized.
Nanoelectrode-Gated Detection of Individual Molecules with Potential for Rapid DNA Sequencing
Authors: Lee James Weifu
Published: March 2009

A systematic nanoelectrode-gated electron-tunneling molecular-detection concept with
potential for rapid DNA sequencing has recently been invented at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL). A DNA molecule is a polymer that typically contains four different types of nucleotide
bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) on its phosphate-deoxyribose chain.
According to the nanoelectrode-gated molecular-detection concept, it should be possible to obtain
genetic sequence information by probing through a DNA molecule base by base at a nanometer
scale, as if looking at a strip of movie film. The nanoscale reading of DNA sequences is envisioned
to take place at a nanogap (gate) defined by a pair of nanoelectrode tips as a DNA molecule moves
through the gate base by base. The rationale is that sample molecules, such as the four different
nucleotide bases, each with a distinct chemical composition and structure, should produce a specific
perturbation effect on the tunneling electron beam across the two nanoelectrode tips. A sample
molecule could thus be detected when it enters the gate. This nanoscience-based approach could
lead to a new DNA sequencing technology that could be thousands of times faster than the current
technology (Sanger’s “dideoxy” protocol-based capillary electrophoresis systems). Both
computational and experimental studies are underway at ORNL towards demonstrating this
nanotechnology concept.
Growth Kinetics of CdSe Nanoparticles in Lauric Acid
Authors: Pan B.F. , He R. , Gao F. , Ao L.M. , Tian H.Y. , Cui D.X.
Published: March 2009

A safe, common, and low-cost method was proven to be effective for the synthesis of
high quality CdSe nanocrystals. Cd(Ac)2 and Lauric acid were found to be the excellent cadmium
precursor and solvent/ligand, respectively. The size and shape of CdSe nanocrystals synthesized by
this route can be varied in a controllable manner in a broad size range, from about 2.0 nm to 4 nm.
The growth kinetics of CdSe nanocrystals nucleated from TOPSe and cadmium acetate was also
investigated in Lauric Acid. The rate constant for steady-state CdSe growth was found to be
4.15×10─8 m s─1 at 260°C.
Influence of Nanoscale Morphology on the Micro- and Macromechanical Behaviour of Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Altstädt V. , Sandler J.K.W. , Ruckdäschel H.
Published: March 2009

There is enormous scientific and economic interest in the development and
evaluation of polymer nanocomposites due to the fact that the properties of a material become
increasingly insensitive to flaws at the nanoscale, enabling the exploitation of the unique
physical and mechanical properties of very small objects in large-scale components. However,
the successful industrial implementation of such novel materials poses unique challenges which
are not only related to the small size of the reinforcements. Decades of intensive research have
shown that polymer nanocomposites differ from their counterparts based on traditional
reinforcements in many ways and a fundamental understanding of the structure-propertyrelationships
of such novel materials is only slowly emerging. Although issues such as the
intrinsic properties of the nanoscale constituent as well as the degree of dispersion and
orientation of individual filler particles clearly appear to be important factors, molecular
interactions between the filler and the matrix during processing can lead to pronounced
variations in the matrix microstructure. These variations in themselves lead to pronounced
changes in the micro- and macromechanical deformation behaviour of the nanocomposites. A
detailed investigation of fatigue crack growth behaviour of such novel materials for example is
essential in order to understand the fracture mechanical performance and the transition from a
ductile to a brittle behaviour which is often observed experimentally, especially in the case of
amorphous matrices. However, as the size of the filler particles approaches the molecular level,
the novel interactions at the interface or even in the interphase can lead to significant changes in
the micromechanical deformation behaviour. Significant work has been carried out regarding
the fracture mechanical investigation of polymer blends with both micro- and nanoscale
morphologies and much can be learned by comparing the results of polymer nanocomposites to
these more established polymer blends.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Spherical NiO Nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Xian Ming , Fu Shao Yun
Published: March 2009

Spherical NiO nanocrystals were obtained by thermal decomposition of the
precursor obtained via a hydrothermal method using urea as precipitant and
polyethylene glycol (PEG) as surfactant. The structure, morphology and magnetic
properties of the products were examined by XRD, TEM, ED, IR and VSM. The results
of the structure and magnetic measurements on NiO nanocrystals were discussed. The
results showed that the products were nanocrystalline NiO with a diameter of 21 and 50
nm, respectively, after calcined at 300 and 500 oC. The calcined NiO nanocrystals
exhibited the characteristics of weak ferromagnetism by magnetic analysis at room
temperature. At low external field, the hysteresis loops exhibit low coercivity, Hc=144.7
and 200.5 Oe, for the samples calcined at 300 and 500 oC, respectively.
Stiffness Prediction of Nylon 6/Caly Nanocomposites with a Staggered Model
Authors: Dai Ying , Ji Xing , Mai Yiu Wing
Published: March 2009

Nylon 6/clay nanocomposites are comprised of nylon 6
matrix filled with montmorillonite platelets (MMT) [1, 2]. It is
interest that the MMT offered exceptional reinforcing effect (such
as modulus) at a low filler content[3]. Models for predicting
properties of fiber composites[4-8] and their developed models[9, 10]
based on the supposition of possible microstructure around the
MMT platelets have been conducted with the aim of predicting
the stiffening effect of the MMT in nanocomposites.
Toughening of Polypropylene-Ethylene Copolymer with Nanosized CaCO3 and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene
Authors: Chen Jian Feng , Wang Guo Quan , Zeng Xiao Fei , Zhao Hong Ying
Published: March 2009

Nanocomposites of nanosized-CaCO3/polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PPE) and nanosized
CaCO3/ PPE/ styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) were prepared by using two-roll mill and single
screw extruder. The average particle size of nanosized CaCO3 was determined to be about 30 nm.
By adding nanosized CaCO3 into PPE matrix, the toughness of the matrix improves significantly. At
nanosized CaCO3 content of 12 phr (parts per hundred PPE resin by weight), the impact strength of
CaCO3/PPE at room temperature reaches 61.6 KJ/m2, which is 3.02 times that of unfilled PPE
matrix. In addition, the synergistic toughening effect of nanosized CaCO3 and SBS particles on PPE
matrix was investigated.
Study on the Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-CaCO3/ABS Composites
Authors: Wang Wen Yi , Wang Guo Quan , Zeng Xiao Fei , Song Ji Rui , Chen Jian Feng
Published: March 2009

The nano-CaCO3/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) composites were prepared by
melting-blend with the single-screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and
the dispersion of nano-CaCO3 were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) and mechanical tests. The micro structure of the fracture section of the nanocomposites was
analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that not only the
impact property but also the rigidity property and the bending modulus of the system have been
increased evidently by added modificated nano-CaCO3. However, the tensile strength of the
nano-composites has a little decreased by added the modificated nano- CaCO3. The modificated
nano-CaCO3 has been dispersed well in the matrix in the nanometer scale. The micro structure of
the fracture section of the nanocomposites proved that when the composites have been impacted,
the modificated nano-CaCO3 particles have taken an action of initiating and terminating crazing
(silver streak), which can absorb more impact energy than the pure ABS resin. Compared with the
pure ABS resin material, the notched impact strength of the nano-CaCO3/ABS composites added 2
percent hundred resin (PHR) modificated nano-CaCO3 reach 36.77 kJ/m2, which have been
increased up to 44%. At the same time, the rigidity of the nanocomposites has also been enhanced
by 23.5% which is increased from 28.16N to 34.87 N.
High-Speed Synthesis and Electric Properties of Magnesium Doped Lead Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Qiang Liang Sheng , Tang Dong Yan , Zhang Xing Hong , Jin L.
Published: March 2009

By adding methyl alcohol/water solution with certain concentration into sol to hydrolysis
directly and sintering the fresh sol directly, lead titanate(PbTiO3) ceramics doped with magnesium
are prepared by using magnesium acetate as doper to prohibit the disadvantages contained in
conventional sol-gel method, such as low hydrolytic rate, high sintering temperature, long
preparation period. The changes of structure, microstructure, synthesis process and electric
properties of modified ceramics are studied in detail. The sizes and morphology of high purely and
high density magnesium doped lead titanate nanocrystals thus obtained are observed by TEM
photographs and the structures and affection of sintering temperature of to lattice constant and sizes
of nanocrystals are detected by XRD. Electric properties detection results show that doped lead
titanate ceramics exhibite excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties compare with
pure lead titanate.
Investigation on the Crystalline Process of Co-Cu Nanoparticle during the Annealing
Authors: Sun Shih Jye , Ju Shin Pon , Lo Yu Chieh , Lin Jenn Sen
Published: March 2009

This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the crystalline process of
Co-Cu nanoparticles of high and low Co concentrations (5 and 25 %) during the annealing process.
The modified many-body tight binding potential is adopted to accurately model the Cu-Cu, Co-Co,
and Co-Cu pair inter-atomic interactions. The structural transformations at the upper and lower
melting points are observed by the radial distribution function (RDF) and the angle correction
function (ACF).
Fabrication of Monodispersed 1D Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials by a Simple Organic Chemical Solution Route
Authors: Zhang Xiao Li , Kang Young Soo
Published: March 2009

The monodispersed zinc oxide nanowires with lateral dimensions as thin as 20 nm and
lengths up to 2 μm have been synthesized in a simple organic solution by using hydrothermal
method. Particularly, these zinc oxide nanostructures has been prepared into single-crystalline
prisms or belts with uniform diameters along the entire length. The structure and characteristic of
the as-obtained ZnO nanostructures were confirmed by XRD, TEM, HRTEM, and EDX. UV
measurements and photoluminescence had been used to characterize the optical properties and
confirm the crystal perfection of these ZnO nanomaterials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline Microspheres Doped with Ferrocene Sulfonic Acid
Authors: Chao Dan Ming , Chen J.Y. , Lu Xiao Feng , Zhang Wan Jin
Published: March 2009

With an average diameter of 300-500 nm, conducting microspheres of polyaniline (PANI)
were synthesized successfully by a self-assembly method in the presence of ferrocene sulfonic acid
(FcSO3H) as the dopant, and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) as the oxidant. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved that the microspheres of
PANI- FcSO3H synthesized by a self-assembly process were hollow ones. And the backbone structure
of obtained PANI- FcSO3H was characterized by FTIR spectrum. The effect of synthetic conditions,
such as the molar ratio of FcSO3H to aniline (An) and the reaction temperature, on the morphology
and size was also investigated.
Synthesis of Pb1-xYbx(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Nanopowders by a Modified Sol-Gel Process Using Zirconium Oxynitrate Source
Authors: Sun Qiu , Wang Fu Ping , Jiang Zhao Hua
Published: March 2009

Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate(PZT)thin films have attracted great attention because of
their potential applications in memory devices[1] due to their unique properties, for example, hysteresis
loop and high dielectric constant. To realize these memory devices, it is necessary to overcome the
reliability problems such as fatigue, retention and imprint. It is well known that lead base perovskite
family ferroelectric thin films with donor dopant such as La3+ and Nb5+ have improved the electrical
properties of PZT thin films effectively [2-3]. And it is proposed that the cation substitution could reduce
the number of defects such as oxygen vacancies, which could promote electrical fatigue and leakage
current of PZT ferroelectric thin films obviously. In the present study, rare earth Yb-doped lead
zirconium titanate (PYZT) nanocrystalline powders with a composition near the morphotropic phase
boundary (Zr/Ti=52/48) were prepared by a modified sol-gel method. DTA/TG and XRD were used to
determine the thermal and phase changes in the formation of PYZT crystalline powders. The effect of
Yb3+ cation substitution for Pb2+ cation on the microstructure of PZT was developed with XRD. The
grain size of PYZT nanopowders is about 40 nm determined by TEM.
Microstructure and Properties of (Tb,Sm)CoSi/Cr Series Thin Films for Permanent Magnets
Authors: Wang X. , Li Z.Y. , Yu X. , Su S. , Li J.
Published: March 2009

The microstructures and properties of (Tb,Sm)CoSi/Cr series films have been investigated.
All the samples were sputtered and annealed at 500 °C for 25 min in pure N2 atmosphere, and their
microstructures and properties were examined. The effect on the magnetic properties of partial Sm
substituted by Tb is discussed. The lattice matching media were examined. And the mechanisms of
interactions among the grains and between the magnetic layers have been analyzed by comparing
multi magnetic layer with the mono magnetic layer.
Self-Assembly of Te Nanomaterials
Authors: Cai Ke Feng , Lei Q. , Yan C. , Zhang L.C.
Published: March 2009

Te nanomaterials, with different morphologies, such as nanospheres, micro- and
nanobranches, and microtrees with tubular nanobranches were prepared by physical vapor
deposition method, using elemental Te powder as starting material. The composition and
morphology of the nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX and TEM. The formation
mechanism of the above mentioned nanostructures was proposed.
The Synthesis and Characteristics of Homogenously Dispersed CNT-Al2O3 Nanocomposites by the Thermal CVD Method and Pulsed Electric Current Sintering Process
Authors: Yoo S.H. , Yang J.K. , Oh Sung Tag , Kang Kae Myung , Kang Sung Goon , Lee C.J. , Choa Yong Ho
Published: March 2009

An optimum route to synthesize Al2O3-based composite powders with a homogeneous
dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated. CNT/Metal/Al2O3 nanocomposite powders
were fabricated by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) over a metal catalyst homogeneously
dispersed into an Al2O3 matrix by the means of chemical and selective reduction processes. The
nanocomposite powders were densified by Pulse Electric Current Sintering (PECS). The
experimental results show that the CNT/Metal/Al2O3 nanocomposites have unique electrical
properties.
The Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Material Co Nanoparticle by Coprecipitation Route and Polyol Process
Authors: Shin Soo Ja , Kang Young Soo
Published: March 2009

The magnetic Co nanoparticle was prepared by coprecipitation route in aqueous solution
and Figlarz’s polyol method which consists of refluxing a solution of the metal precursor in polyol.
As the former method, the Co nanoparticle was synthesized by reduction of cobalt chloride with
sodium borohydride in aqueous solution. And the latter method, the polyol method can be applied to
the production of Co nanoparticle by reducing cobalt chloride and cobalt acetate with polyol such as
ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol. The size of nanoparticle was confirmed by transmission electron
microscopy images and scanning electron microscopy images, according to the different methods The
crystal structure of nanoparticle according to reaction condition was characterized by X-ray
diffraction data. The magnetic properties were characterized with saturation magnetization from
hysteresis loop by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
Laser-Induced High Local Temperature in Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Liu Ming , Jiang K.L. , Li Q.Q. , Yang H.T. , Fan S.S.
Published: March 2009

Laser irradiated carbon nanotubes in vacuum can emit dazzling yellow light due
to the laser heating effect. We investigated the phonon frequency shifts of as irradiated carbon
nanotube bundles by Raman spectroscopy under ultraviolet laser illumination (325 nm, 2.4 mW),
the G band peak position was found to shift 50 cm-1 to lower wave number. By considering the
temperature coefficient of the G band shift, the local temperature of the illuminated
spot was predicted to be nearly 2000K. This temperature had a linear relationship with
the incident laser power, and also was greatly influenced by the pressure of the
vacuum chamber. The photoluminescence of the CNT bundle was also studied, which
exhibits an oscillation of 0.1 eV, a possible origin of the oscillation was discussed.
Preparation of Silica Nanotubes with Cobalt Complex Nanofibers as Templates
Authors: Ren Li Rong , Guo Lin , Wark Michael
Published: March 2009

Co-silica nanotubes were prepared with nanofibers of [Co(NH3)6](HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O as
templates. The yield and morphology of Co-silica nanotubes were influenced by the pH value of the
ammonia solution, the concentration of the Co salt solution as well as the rate of ethanol addition. The
optimized sample contains 100% nanotubes with 150 – 300 nm in diameter and up to 30 -m in length.
Electrochemical Pore Etching in n- and p-Type Ge
Authors: Fang Cheng , Carstensen Jürgen , Föll Helmut
Published: March 2009

Little was known about porous Ge until recently; here some substantial progress in producing
porous Ge will be reported, mostly for the first time. i) n-type Ge in aqueous solution: Pore
geometries, morphologies and growth peculiarities were found to be quite different from other
semiconductors, such as Si and III-V. Nucleation is generally difficult, the preferred growth direction
is <100> (and <111>), major stop planes are of the {110} type, but others are also found. In
addition, there is always a strong electropolishing component compromising pore geometry and
stability. ii) n- and p-type Ge in organic solution: In DMSO solution, the growth direction is <111>,
and the stopping planes are still mainly {110}; somewhat unexpected, because this has never been
observed in Si, and because no pores have been found in other p-type semiconductors so far, with
the exception of Si. Nucleation seems to be difficult too, and new domain-forming phenomena are
observed. Smooth or rough pore walls can be obtained, dependent on the experimental conditions.
Molecular Thin Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Heutz Sandrine , Sullivan Paul , Sanderson Brett M. , Schultes Stephan M. , Jones Tim S.
Published: March 2009

Organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) is used for co-evaporation of copper phthalocyanine
(CuPc) and C60 to form mixed films. Although pure single layers are crystalline, mixing leads to
amorphous films in most cases, although phase segregation occurs for high concentrations of C60.
An underlying CuPc single layer suppresses the segregation and leads to a homogeneous CuPc/C60
mixed film for all layer compositions. These effects are exploited in photovoltaic (PV) devices,
where new architectures to improve device performance are investigated. Mixing the CuPc and C60
improves device performance, with the maximum efficiency (ηp = 1.17%) reached for devices
containing 75% CuPc in the mixed layer, surrounded by pure layers at the electrode interfaces.
Synthesis of Highly Ordered Large-Pore Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Rods
Authors: Qiao Shiz Zhang , Wang Lian Zhou , Hu Qiu Hong , Zhu Zhong Hua , Lu Gao Qing Max
Published: March 2009

Highly ordered rods of large-pore periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) were
successfully synthesized at low acid concentrations and in the presence of inorganic salt using triblock
copolymer P123 as template. The roles of inorganic salt, acidity and temperature in the production of
highly ordered mesostructure and the morphology control of PMOs were examined and elucidated. It
was found that the addition of inorganic salt can dramatically widen the range of the synthesis
parameters to produce highly ordered 2D hexagonal pore structure of p6mm symmetry. However, the
uniform rods of PMOs can only be synthesized in a narrow range of acid and salt concentrations,
which was sensitive to induction time. The results also showed that the optimized salt concentration
(1 M) and low acidity (0.167 M) at 40 oC were beneficial to not only the production of highly ordered
mesostucture but also the control of rod-like morphology. Highly ordered rods can also be produced
at low temperature (35 oC) with high salt amount (1.5 M) or high temperature (45 oC) with low salt
concentration (0.5 M).
Selective Assembly of Gold Nanowires on Patterned Gold Surfaces via Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Xu C.L. , Zhang L. , Li H.L. , Zhang Hao Li
Published: March 2009

Gold nanowires, 50 nm in diameter and 1-2 μm in length, were prepared by template
synthesis and modified by bifunctional thiols then suspended in different solvents. The dispersibility
of nanowires is found to be strongly affected by the selection of solvents. The functionalized gold
nanowires can be selectively assembled onto patterned surface via electrostatic interactions. It is
possible that this simple process can be carried out in fabrication of more complicated structures,
which are potentially useful in many applications such as nanoelectronic, photonic and SERS.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Aghababazadeh R. , Tabatabae S. , Shokuhfar Ali , Mirhabibi A.R.
Published: March 2009

Currently there are several models discussed to describe the formation of monodispersed
silica particles. Monodisperse colloidal silica was prepared from tetraethoxysilane in mixture of
ammonia, water and ethanol. Chemical system reaction permits the controlled growth of silica
nanoparticles and subsequent condition of silicic acid in alcoholic solution. The molar ratio of
NH4OH, C2H5OH and H2O has a significant effect on particle size and specific surface area of silica
particles. The nature of particles was evaluated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS) and BET. The morphology of particles were determined by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
Synthesis and Characteristic of Hierarchically Porous Zirconium Oxide Doped with Yttrium
Authors: Chen H.R. , Shi Jian Lin , Gao Jian Hua , Li L. , Yan D.S.
Published: March 2009

A novel and thermally stable hierarchically porous yttrium doped zirconia
material with crystallized framework has been synthesized in a facile process. XRD,
nitrogen adsorption analysis, FESEM, FETEM, were used for the structural
characterizations. This novel hierarchically porous zirconia shows a well-defined
ordered macroporous structure, a broad distributed mesoviods, and a very uniform
mesoporous pore-distribution. Small amount of yttrium can be helpful to increase the
thermal stability of the prepared hierarchically porous zirconium oxide.
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors: An Assessment
Authors: Pulfrey D.L.
Published: March 2009

An assessment is made of the suitability of the carbon nanotube field-effect transistor for
applications in nanoelectronics.
Device Characteristics of Nanoscale Metal/Insulator Tunnel Transistors in the Ballistic Quantum Transport Regime
Authors: Shin Min Cheol
Published: March 2009

The device characteristics of the nanoscale metal/insulator tunnel transistor are
investigated by solving the ballistic quantum transport equation in the device. The device
performance in terms of the transfer characteristics, the drain output, and the threshold voltage change
is assessed as the channel length is gradually reduced down to a few nanometer. We have found that
the device characteristics remain almost the same if the channel length is reduced to around 10
nanometer, but below it, the device performance becomes drastically degraded. Effects of other
device parameters such as the channel depth, tunnel barrier height, and the gate dielectric constant are
also discussed.
Efficient Design of QCA Adder Structures
Authors: Haruehanroengra Sansiri , Wang Wei
Published: March 2009

Optimizing arithmetic primitives such as quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) adders is
important for investigating high-performance QCA computers in this emerging nano-technological
paradigm. In this paper, we demonstrate that QCA ripple carry adder and bit-serial adder designs actually
outperform carry-look-ahead and carry-select adder designs because of the increase in required
interconnects. Simulation results obtained by using the QCADesigner tool for the proposed adder designs
are also presented.
A Comb Driving Magnetometer Based on Tunnel Effect
Authors: Tang Xue Hua , You Zheng , Yang Yong Jun , He Hong Tao
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a comb-driving tunneling magnetometer based on the tunneling
effect is introduced. The designation, manufacture and tests of this magnetometer are
discussed, including its structure, FEA analysis, machining processes and test results.
The test results indicate that the chip is coincidental with the tunneling effect and the chip
is capable of sensing the magnetic signal.
A Novel Method to Prepare Nano-Structured Semi-Conducting Polythiophenes by Supercritical Process
Authors: Ganapathy Hullathy Subban , Hwang H.S. , Jeong Yeong Tae , Kim Jung Teag , Ju Chang Sik , Lim Kwon Taek
Published: March 2009

Rapid Expansion of Supercritical carbon dioxide Solutions (RESS) containing
CO2-soluble, fluorinated ester substituted polythiophene: poly[2-(3-thienyl)acetyl ,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-
7,7,8,8,8,tridecafluoro-1-octanate] (PSFTE) through a small heated micro-orifice (150 .m) produces
nanoparticles in the size range of 50 - 300 nm. Pre-expansion temperatures and pressures were found
to have marked impact on particle size and morphology. While the particle size increased with more
agglomeration with increase in temperature, smaller and spherical particles were produced with
increase in pressure owing to the higher solubility of PSFTE in CO2 at high pressures.
An Electrospinning Approach to Polyaniline Nanofibers by Template
Authors: Huang Hui Min , Li Z.Y. , Wang C.
Published: March 2009

Polyaniline doped with camphorsulfonic acid (PANI.HCSA) nanofibers have been
successfully prepared using “nanofibers template” via electrospinning. The PVA nanofibers were
used as a template to get the PANI/PVA composite fibers. After removing the template by heat
treatment, the PANI fibers were obtained. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the Energy
Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer software (EDX) and FT-IR spectra were used to characterize the
composite fibers and the PANI.HCSA nanofibers. The average diameters of the composite fibers
obtained and PANI fibers were 920 nm and 530 nm, respectively.
Dependency of 1/f Noise on Initial Oxidation Method in Nano-CMOS Technology
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Ji Hee Hwan , Han In Shik , Park Seong Hyung , Lee Hee Seung , Kang Young Seok , Kim Dae Byung , Lee Chang Young , Cho Ihl Hyun , Kim Sang Young , Hwang Sung Bo , Lee Jeong Gun , Lee Hi Deok
Published: March 2009

In this paper, it is presented that flicker (1/f) noise of ultra thin gate oxide can be improved
by initial oxidation and subsequent plasma nitridation(PN). PN which raises Nitrogen peak upward
from the Si/Oxide interface to gate polysilicon/Oxide interface is adopted mainly to improve the life
time such as Negative-Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) and hot carrier in Nano CMOS
technology. Three different types of initial oxidation prior to plasma nitridation are investigated. One
is slow thermally grown oxide(STO) in very small Oxygen ambient, another is rapid thermally grown
oxide(RTO) and the other is grown in Nitrous oxygen ambient (NO). Oxide thickness of all splits is
about 14.5< Then, it is shown that STO has the lowest drain current noise power (Sid) among the
splits. The interface trap densitie (Dit) of each oxide is characterized using charge pumping method.
Finally, we reached a conclusion that the 1/f noise can be significantly reduced by initial STO and
Plasma Nitridation in Nano CMOS technology.
Design of a Micropositioning Table for Active Grinding Control
Authors: Tian Yan Ling , Zhang Da Wei , Chen H.W.
Published: March 2009

In order to realize active grinding control, a nanometer micropositioning table is
designed. The table has a circular working area with diameter of 150 mm. Three piezoelectric
actuators are utilized in parallel to drive the moving part with flexure guide mechanism. Through
cooperation of the three piezoelectric actuators, the moving part can implement 3-DOF nanometer
positioning. The flexure hinge mechanism can also provide preload for the actuators. The preload
can keep the moving part from separation with the piezoelectric actuators during moving process.
The dynamic model of the micropositioning table is developed with consideration of the driving
circuit. To improve the dynamic performance of the micropositioning table, a decoupling PID
controller is designed by use of frequency domain approach. The experimental tests have been
carried out to verify the performance of the micropositioning table and the established decoupling
controller.
The Effect of Substrate Deformation in UV-Nanoimprint Lithography Using a Large Area Stamp
Authors: Kim Ki Don , Sim Young Suk , Jeong Jun Ho , Sohn Hyun Kee , Lee Eung Sug , Lee Sang Chan , Fang Ling Mei
Published: March 2009

We investigated the non-uniformity of the residual layer thickness caused by wafer deformation in
an experiment that examined different wafer thicknesses using UV-NIL with an element-wise patterned stamp
(EPS). Experiments using the EPS were performed on an EVG®620-NIL. Severe deformation of the wafer
served as an obstacle to the spread of resin drops, which caused non-uniformity of the residual layer thickness.
We also simulated the imprint process using a simplified model and finite element method to analyze the
non-uniformity.
The Micro-Patterning of Polymer in the Presence of Porphyrin via Electrospinning
Authors: Jin Y.W. , Liu W. , Zhao Yi Yang , Wang C.
Published: March 2009

Functional self-assembled structure with well-defined shapes and dimensions are of great
current interest. Porphyrins are attractive building manifold patterning for these structures because
of their electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. In this paper, we report a novel technique for the
assembly patterning of polymers. An Electrospinning process was used to create patterning with
diameter ranging from 3 μm to 4 μm and length of up to several hundred micrometers in the
presence of Zinc Porphyrin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV- visible spectra and EDX
spectra were used to characterize the patterning. The results indicated that the patterning depended
on the concentration of Porphyrin and the operational conditions.
Heat-Transfer Mechanism of Sample-Probe in Variable-Temperature Scanning Probe Microscope and Influence of Temperature on Tunneling Current
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Hong Qi , Liu Mei Hua , Zheng Zhi Guo , Li Lin'an
Published: March 2009

The macroscopical breakage and nature change of material usually originate in
nanometer scale, and the nature of some materials depends on temperature strongly. So it is
extremely important for the research of heat transfer in micro-scale and nanometer technology to
understand and control the influence of temperature on the nature of material, and developing
advanced measuring technique can also improve our knowledge on theories involved in such
problem. Due to the usage of variable-temperature sample stage, utilizable range of temperature is
widely extended, and thus topography images of materials changing with temperature can be
observed so that the thermal properties of materials can be studied further. Accordingly, the
theoretical basis of heat-transfer and the influence of temperature on tunneling current owing to
temperature variation should be presented. In the view of microscale heat-transfer, this paper
describes the problem that heat current transfers from surface of sample to tip of probe through
layer of air by means of Boltzmann theory, which can be expressed by the hyperbolic equation of
heat conduction when the time is nearly equivalent to slack time and the scale is much larger than
the characteristic scale of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The mode of heat-transfer on probe is
also analyzed and the analytical solution is obtained in the paper. In addition, the influence of
temperature increment of sample on tunneling current is discussed in detail and the change trend of
tunneling current with temperature is also obtained in a limited temperature range. Due to such
factors, which are possible to disturb the topography images of sample, there is no doubt that many
difficulties will be brought to developing new technology such as detecting displacement and strain
of materials at microscale by using the images of sample heated and unheated. To understand and
control such factors has important advantage for making progress in the advanced scientific fields.