bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavior of LiMn2O4 Single Crystals as Battery Cathodes
Authors: Monge María Ángeles , Amarilla José Manuel , Gutiérrez-Puebla Enrique , Campa Juan Antonio , Rasines Isidoro
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with: i) the growth of LiMn2O4 crystals by electrocrystallisation; ii) the response of these crystals in lithium cells; and iii) a method to follow their structural and morphological changes while working as electrodes. The defects present in LiMn2O4 crystals are determined after refining the occupation at every site of the spinel structure by single-crystal Xray diffraction analyses, which lead to define two possible paths for the process of Li deinsertion-insertion. It is shown how the crystals studied follow one of these paths during cycling of the battery by virtue of a dynamic mechanism consisting in Mn migrations cooperatively induced by Li insertion and extraction.
Thermoelectric Properties of the Semiconducting Antimonide-Telluride Mo3Sb5-xTe2+x
Authors: Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kleinke Holger
Published: June 2019

Typically, useful thermoelectrics are small-gap semiconductors. Mo3Sb7 would be an interesting candidate, if it were not metallic. Electronic structure calculations reveal that metallic Mo3Sb7 can be made semiconducting by heavy doping, e.g., by replacing Sb in part with Te. We succeeded in the preparation of semiconducting Mo3Sb5-xTe2+x with enhanced thermoelectric properties. Furthermore, we incorporated small M atoms into the cubic Sb/Te cage in an attempt to create the rattling effect as found in the filled skutterudites that have attracted wide interest for their outstanding thermoelectric properties.
Charge density in disordered boron carbide:B12C3. An experimental and ab-initio study.
Authors: Baldinozzi Gianguido , Dutheil Michaël , Simeone David , Leithe-Jasper Andreas
Published: June 2019

A charge density study of boron carbide B12C3 single crystals at different temperatures allows a quantitative description of the electron density responsible for chemical bonding. These results, based on direct observations, are compared to previous models of bonding. This description points out that structural features are more complex than suggested by simple qualitative models. The effects of chemical substitution, the characteristics of the interatomic bonding, the charge transfer and the bond strength are discussed and compared to the information obtained from previous conventional refinements and ab-initio calculations in disordered B12C3.
Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of DNA-modified Nanocrystalline Diamond Films
Authors: Yang Wensha , Auciello Orlando , Butler James E. , Cai Wei , Carlisle John A. , Gerbi Jennifer E. , Gruen Dieter M. , Knickerbocker Tanya , Lasseter Tami L. , Russell John N. , Smith Lloyd M. , Hamers Robert J.
Published: June 2019

Nanocrystalline diamond thin films of sub-micron thickness have been covalently modified with DNA oligonucleotides. Quantitative studies of hybridization of surface-bound oligonucleotides with fluorescently tagged complementary and non-complementary oligonucleotides were performed. The results show no detectable nonspecific adsorption, with extremely good selectivity between matched and mismatched sequences. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were made of DNA-modified boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films. The results show that exposure to non-complementary sequences induce only small changes in impedance, while complementary DNA sequences produce a pronounced decrease in impedance. The combination of high stability, selectivity, and the ability to directly detect DNA hybridization via electrical means suggest that diamond may be an ideal substrate for continuously-monitoring biological sensors.
Influence of Indium Incorporation on Recombination Dynamics in AlInGaN Layers Grown by Pulsed Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Song Jae Ho , Lee Jhang W. , Yu P.W. , Ryu Mee-Yi , Zhang J. , Kuokstis E. , Yang J. W. , Khan M. Asif
Published: June 2019

We investigated the recombination dynamics of the AlInGaN grown by a pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition (PMOCVD) by using the temperature dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). The indium mole fractions of our samples are 0-3% and the PL measurement temperatures are 10-300K. The PL data show that AlInGaN layers with higher indium ratios exhibit significantly stronger PL intensities and less intensity reduction to the temperature increase. The TRPL data show that higher indium layers yield shorter lifetime in the low temperature range and longer lifetime in the high temperature range. These results indicate that the indium contents into the AlInGaN layers generate more localized states, which are likely to make the recombination processes in the AlInGaN layers less sensitive to the variation of the temperature.
Self-assembled InP Quantum Dot -TiO2 Solid Grätzel Solar Cell
Authors: Zeng Tingying , Gladwin Elizabeth , Claus Richard O.
Published: June 2019

The processing of Solid Grätzel Solar Cells (SGSCs) offers advantages of cost effective fabrication, possible flexible products, and high incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies (IPCE). In this paper, InP quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and used as the photosensitizer to design new generation SGSCs. An organic p-type charge transport material (spiro-OMeTAD) was used as the hole-transport material (HTM). The InP QD has an average diameter of approximately 3nm. Preliminary research indicates that InP QD is a promising photosensitizer, which allows the sensitized SGSC TiO2 nanocrystalline cell to achieve over 400mV open circuit photovoltage, and a short-circuit current greater than 0.035mA/cm2 under the illumination of a solar simulator with an integrated light power of 58mW/cm2.
Barrier Material Improvement in AlGaN/GaN Microwave Transistors Under Gamma Irradiation Treatment
Authors: Vitusevich S.A. , Petrychuk M.V. , Klein N. , Danylyuk S.V. , Belyaev A.E. , Konakova R.V. , Avksentyev A. Yu. , Kurakin A.M. , Lytvyn P.M. , Danilchenko B.A. , Tilak V. , Smart J. , Vertiatchikh A. , Eastman L.F.
Published: June 2019

Effect of small dose gamma-irradiation on electrical characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors has been investigated. Decreasing of the leakage current and its noise has been registered after dose of 1×106 Rad. As-grown heterostructures used in further for the device fabrication have been examined after the same radiation treatment. The small dose radiation results are explained within a model that takes into account relaxation of elastic strains and structural-impurity ordering occurring in the barrier layer under irradiation.
Structural and Optical Properties of InGaN/GaN Multi-Quantum Well Structures with Different Indium Compositions
Authors: Kim Chang-Soo , Noh Sam-Kyu , Lee Kyuhan , Kim Sunwoon , Song Jay P.
Published: June 2019

The structural and optical properties of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on sapphire by MOCVD have been investigated using high-resolution XRD, PL and TEM. The samples consisted of 10 periods of InGaN wells with 6.5nm thickness. The designed indium compositions were 15, 20, 25 and 30% (samples C15, C20, C25, C30, respectively). The thickness of GaN barrier was 7.5nm. The MQW in sample C15 maintained lattice coherency with the GaN epilayer underneath, the MQWs in the other samples, however, experienced lattice relaxation. The crystallinity of the samples decreased considerably with In concentration. As In composition increased, PL peak energy showed a red-shift, and the FWHM of the peaks increased. The increase in the FWHM is attributed to the defects due to the lattice relaxation. For C25 the PL peak intensity increased sharply in spite of the defects due to the lattice relaxation of the sample. It is concluded that the results are related to the In-rich region due to indium phase separation which was observed by TEM image.
Photoinduced Low Refractive Index Patterning in a Photosensitive Hybrid Material
Authors: Park Jang-Ung , Kang Eun-Seok , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: June 2019

Light illumination processing created photoinduced reduction of refractive index as well as volume contraction in an organic-inorganic hybrid material. Whereas both refractive index and film thickness are decreased significantly by the light exposure, transmittance and anti-soiling property of the hybrid film are not affected by the exposure. Direct patterning is possible upon light illumination using the photoinduced change in thickness without any developing process.
Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films
Authors: Essary C. , Craciun V. , Howard J. M. , Singh R. K.
Published: June 2019

Hf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.
Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy for Trace Level Detection of Actinides in Groundwater
Authors: Doxtader Mark M. , Maroni Victor A. , Beitz James V. , Heaven Michael
Published: June 2019

The Basalt Waste Isolation Project (Rockwell Hanford Operations- BWIP) is investigating the feasibility of building a repository in the Columbia River Basalts for the permanent disposal of high-level nuclear waste. One aspect of this effort is to develop an understanding of the chemical behavior of radionuclides in the near-field environment of the waste container. Such information is needed to determine radionuclide release rates from the waste package and to make long-term projections of repository performance. To accomplish this task, ultrasensitive laser- based techniques, such as laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF), are being developed as analytical methods for the trace-level detection and speciation of actinides in solutions typical of those encountered in groundwaters near the BWIP repository.
An Approach for Evaluating the General and Localised Corrosion of Carbon-Steel Containers for Nuclear Waste Disposal
Authors: Marsh G.P. , Taylor K.J. , Shrland S.M. , Tasker P.W.
Published: June 2019

The paper considers the long term corrosion of carbon-steel containers for heat generating nuclear waste in a granitic repository. Under such conditions carbon steel may exhibit general, localised or passive corrosion behaviour depending on the exact composition and redox potential of the groundwater contacting the containers; localised corrosion being of most concern because it has the fastest propagation rate. It is well established, however, that such localised corrosion is only possible when the environment is sufficiently oxidising to maintain a positive potential gradient between the cathodic surface and the corrosion sites, which requires that species with oxidising potentials greater than water need to be present. This fact provides a basis for estimating the periods during which containers may be subject to localised and subsequently to general corrosion, and hence for making an overall assessment of the metal allowance required for a specified container life. A model for the diffusion transport of oxygen has been developed, and a sensitivity analysis has shown that the period of possible localised attack is strongly dependent on the passive film leakage current, the radiation dose rate and the oxygen diffusion coefficient.
Natural Analogues: Their Application to the Prediction of the Long-Term Behavior of Nuclear Waste Forms
Authors: Ewing Rodney C. , Jercinovic Michael J.
Published: June 2019

One of the unique and scientifically most difficult aspects of nuclear waste isolation is the extrapolation ofshot-term laboratory data (hours to years) to the long time periods (103-105 years) required by regulatory agencies for performance assessment. The direct verification of these extrapolations is not possible, but methods must be developed to demonstrate compliance with government regulations and to satisfy the lay public that there is a demonstrable and reasonable basis for accepting the long-term extrapolations. Natural analogues of both the repository environment (e.g. radionuclide migration at Oklo) and nuclear waste form behavior (e.g. alteration of basaltic glasses and radiation damage in minerals) have been used to demonstrate the long-term behavior of large scale geologic systems and, on a smaller scale, waste form durability. This paper reviews the use of natural analogues to predict the long-term behavior of nuclear waste form glasses. Particular emphasis is placed on the inherent limitations of any conclusions that are based on “proof” by analogy. An example -- corrosion of borosilicate glass -- is discussed in detail with specific attention to the proper and successful use of natural analogues (basaltic glass) in understanding the long-term corrosion behavior of borosilicate glass.
The Transport of Uranium and Technetium Through The unsaturated Tuffs, Yucca Mountain, Nevada
Authors: Cederberg Gail A. , Greenwade L. Eric , Travis Bryan J.
Published: June 2019

An area containing unsaturated fractured tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, is one of the potential sites for geologic storage of high-level radioactive waste. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 CFR 191 Regulation limits the cumulative releases of many radionuclides from the repository to the accessible environment for 10,000 years after disposal [I]. Numerical models can be used to determine if the EPA containment requirement is met.

In this paper a preliminary set of transport calculations for uranium and technetium is discussed. First, a foundation for the calculations, a comprehensive, referenced geochemical/geophysical model containing the current stratigraphic, petrologic, hydrogeologic, geochemical, and material data for the Yucca Mountain site was compiled. Second, the integrated transport of uranium and technetium from the repository to the water table was modeled. An expected-case flow scenario and a worse-case flow scenario were used in the calculations. The sorption of technetium was neglected in the worse-case scenario. Results show that in the case of uranium, the estimated transport was only moderately sensitive to the magnitude of the flow because sorption had a significant effect on the retardation. In the case of technetium, when sorption was neglected, the flow dominated the transport. The EPA contain- ment requirements were met for all cases. These preliminary calculations will be used as a basis to investigate the effects of physical and geochemi- cal processes on the long-term transport of radionuclides at Yucca Mountain.
Humic Colloid Generation of Transuranic Elements in Groundwater and Their Migration Behaviour
Authors: Kim J.I. , Buckau G. , Zhuang W.
Published: June 2019

The generation of humic colloids of Am(III) has been investigated in Gorleben groundwaters containing different amounts of humic substances. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in these groundwaters consists mainly of humic acid and fulvic acid, which is present in a colloidal form through aggregation with trace heavy metal ions of groundwater constituents. Concentrations of these heavy metal ions are proportional to the DOC concentration. The generation of Am(III) pseudocolloids through geochemical interactions with humic colloids in different groundwaters is quantified by ultrafiltration as well as ultracentrifugation by the aid of radiometric concentration measurements. The speciation of dissolved Am(III) species in groundwaters is carried out by laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS).
Passive Layer Formation at Ferroelectric PbTiO3/Pt Interfaces Studied by EELS
Authors: Welz S. J. , Fu L. F. , Erni R. , Kurasawa M. , McIntyre P. C. , Browning N. D.
Published: June 2019

Polarization fatigue with repeated electric cycles in ferroelectric thin films is a major degradation problem in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. However, the origin of this phenomenon is still not properly understood. The fatigue mechanism of a ferroelectric perovskite in a multilayer ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin film material has been investigated here using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Z-contrast images of the interfaces show that the ferroelectric PbTiO3 layer has partly decomposed into a single crystal PbTiO3 layer and an amorphous layer. Nanometer-sized precipitates are present near the Pt electrode. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis reveals that the amorphous layer is a Ti-rich phase between TiO2 and PbTiO3. The precipitates are determined to be a Pt-Pb rich crystalline phase. It is suggested that the formation of the structure-distorted intermediate layer and precipitates may be associated with the ferroelectric degradation process by acting as a passive layer in a ferroelectric capacitor. In addition, the formation of the Pt-Pb rich precipitates may cause an interruption of the consistent Pt electrode, which may result in failure of the device.
Kinetic analysis and correlation with residual stress of the Ni/Si system in thin film
Authors: Cacho F. , Aime D. , Wacquant F. , Froment B. , Rivero C. , Gergaud P. , Thomas O. , Cailletaud G. , Jaouen H. , Minoret S. , Souifi A.
Published: June 2019

Reactive diffusion of the Ni/Si system has been studied by annealing nickel thin film on (100) silicon crystal. The measurement of the NiSi sheet resistance as a function of the annealing temperature and the type of annealing (Rapid Thermal Annealing and spike one) has been investigated. A kinetic model based on multiphase diffusion has been developed that fits experimental sheet resistance data. Residual stress in the thin film, measured by a curvature measurement technique, is correlated with the nature of the phases in the film. Finally the viscoplastic mechanical behavior of the Ni2Si and NiSi phases is analyzed in the case of low and fast thermal ramps.
Comparison Between In-situ Annealing and External Annealing For Barium Ferrite Thin Films Made by RF Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Abuzir A. R. , Yeh W. J.
Published: June 2019

Due to their large magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the film plane, barium ferrite thick films (BaFe12O19, or BaM) with c-axis orientation are attractive candidates for microwave applications [1,2]. Barium ferrite thin films on silicon substrates without under layer have been deposited under various conditions by RF magnetron sputtering. The structure of the as-grown films is amorphous. External annealing in air has been done at 950°C for ten minutes to crystallize the films. C-axis oriented thin films with squareness of about 0.87 and coercivity of about 3.8KOe are obtained.

Thick BaM films with c-axis orientation are difficult to achieve with one single deposition. Multilayer technique looks promising to grow thick films [3]. The external annealing process is difficult to incorporate with the multilayer procedure. An in-situ annealing procedure has been developed to obtain films, which can be used as the basic component for future multilayer deposition. Barium ferrites are first magnetron sputtered on bare silicon substrates in Ar + O2 atmosphere at substrate temperature of 500-600°C, the deposition pressure was kept about 0.008 torr. After the deposition, the temperature of the substrate is immediately increased to about 860°C for ten minutes in 140 torr of argon (80%) and oxygen (20%) mixture of gas, which was introduced into the chamber without breaking the vacuum. With the in-situ process, c-axis oriented thin films of 0.88 squareness and coercivity value of about 4.3KOe are obtained.

Both annealing methods seem to have the similar effect on the perpendicular squareness and coercivity at various film thicknesses. The average value of the saturation magnetization Ms obtained from the in-situ annealing using multilayer technique is higher than that of the external one. We have grown films up to 1.0 micron thickness using the multilayer technique, in which three layers of 0.3 μm thickness each are deposited until the final thickness is reached. After the deposition of each layer, it was in-situ annealed before starting the deposition of the next layer. With the multilayer technique, coercivity of about 3.5 KOe and average value of the saturation magnetization Ms of about 4.0 K Gauss is obtained.
Fabrication and Composition Control of NiTi Shape Memory Thin Films for Microactuators
Authors: Getchel David J. , Savage Richard N.
Published: June 2019

Microactuators fabricated with NiTi thin films take advantage of the shape memory effect's large energy density (∼5-10 joules/cm3) and high strain recovery (∼8%). Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) designed with these actuators can serve as biosensors, micro-fluidic pumps or optical switches. However, the fundamental mechanical properties of these shape memory NiTi films have not been fully characterized with micro-scale test structures. Equiatomic NiTi thin films were deposited by co-sputtering NiTi and Ti targets with the intension of fabricating such test structures. Dual cathodes allowed direct control of the film composition by adjusting the Ti cathode power. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) quantified the film composition relative to pure standards. A thin (∼50 nm) chromium film on a pure silicon substrate created excellent film adhesion. Oxidized Si wafers did not bond with the Cr and NiTi films. This deposition method enabled control of film composition and the necessary adhesion.
Investigation of local stress fields: Finite element modelling and High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Loubens A. , Rivero C. , Boivin Ph. , Charlet B. , Fortunier R. , Thomas O.
Published: June 2019

The influence of local stress fields on the electrical properties of Si-based nanostructures is of increasing concern. The experimental evaluation of stresses at the required scale (few nanometres) remains, however, a very challenging task. We propose a non destructive X-ray diffraction technique for local strain measurements using a laboratory radiation source. This technique provides an alternative route to micro diffraction experiments. High resolution X-ray diffraction is used to analyse the diffraction from the periodic strain field induced in silicon by a periodic array. We analyzed arrays of Si3N4 lines (thickness: 149 nm, width: 145 nm, pitch: 169 nm) on silicon, and arrays of single crystal Si lines (period: 0.6 micrometers, width: period/2, thickness: 50 nm) etched in SOI (Silicon On Insulator) and capped with SiO2 and Si3N4. Reciprocal space maps were performed around the Si substrate diffraction lines. A Bartels 4 reflections Ge 220 monochromator was used in combination with a 3 reflections Ge 220 analyser. X ray diffraction rocking curves performed on Si 004 and Si 224 reveal distinct superlattice peaks whose spacing is related to the in-plane periodicity. Reciprocal space maps reveal particular intensity distributions caused by the stress gradient in the transverse and perpendicular directions of the lines. Reciprocal space maps obtained by High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction are compared with maps calculated from displacement fields derived from finite element modeling. Very clear superlattice peaks are, however, observed around the bulk Silicon substrate reciprocal lattice nodes, which indicates a great sensitivity of this method to elastic stresses. The influence of the lines aspect ratio on the reciprocal space maps has been studied both experimentally and through modelling.
In-Situ TEM Study of Plastic Stress Relaxation Mechanisms and Interface Effects in Metallic Films
Authors: Legros Marc , Dehm Gerhard , Balk T. John
Published: June 2019

To investigate the origin of the high strength of thin films, in-situ cross-sectional TEM deformation experiments have been performed on several metallic films attached to rigid substrates. Thermal cycles, comparable to those performed using laser reflectometry, were applied to thin foils inside the TEM and dislocation motion was recorded dynamically on video. These observations can be directly compared to the current models of dislocation hardening in thin films. As expected, the role of interfaces is crucial, but, depending on their nature, they can attract or repel dislocations. When the film/interface holds off dislocations, experimental values of film stress match those predicted by the Nix-Freund model. In contrast, the attracting case leads to higher stresses that are not explained by this model. Two possible hardening scenarios are explored here. The first one assumes that the dislocation/interface attraction reduces dislocation mobility and thus increases the yield stress of the film. The second one focuses on the lack of dislocation nucleation processes in the case of attracting interfaces, even though a few sources have been observed in-situ.
Near-Infrared Photodetection with Molecular Beam Epitaxy Grown Extended InGaAs
Authors: Fu Jun-Xian , Yu Xiaojun , Kuo Yu-Hsuan , Harris James S
Published: June 2019

Strain-balanced InxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs superlattices and fractional monolayer In0.532Ga0.468As/InAs superlattices were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE) in order to extend the photodetection wavelength range beyond 1.7μm. Material qualities were characterized by transmitted electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), roomtemperature photoluminesecence (RTPL) and optical absorption measurement.
MedEdTrials: Protocol registration for medical education research
Authors: Masters Ken
Published: June 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Publication bias (the tendency for studies with positive results to be more easily published than studies with null or negative results) and outcome switching (the adjustment of study aims to match results) have long been problematic in medical research. Recent legislation, protocol-registration sites, and agreements by medical journals have led to a reduction of these problems in medical research. In medical education specifically, however, there is no such legislation, registration, or agreement. This paper argues for the creation of such a registration site and agreement by medical education journals as a matter of ethical necessity.
Regorafenib in Patients with Antiangiogenic-Naïve and Chemotherapy-Refractory Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Phase IIb Trial
Authors: Riechelmann Rachel P. , Leite Luiz S. , Bariani Giovanni M. , Glasberg Joao , Rivelli Thomas G. , da Fonseca Leonardo Gomes , Nebuloni Daniela R. , Braghiroli Maria I. , Queiroz Marcelo A. , Isejima Alice M. , Kappeler Christian , Kikuchi Luciana , Hoff Paulo M.
Published: June 2019

Background

Regorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic effects that improves overall survival (OS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after failure of standard therapies. We investigated the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in antiangiogenic therapy-naïve chemotherapy-refractory advanced colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods

This single-center, single-arm, phase IIb study (NCT02465502) enrolled adults with mCRC whose disease had progressed on, or who were intolerant to, standard therapy, but who were antiangiogenic therapy-naïve. Patients received regorafenib 160 mg once daily for 3 weeks per 4-week cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at week 8.

Results

Of 59 treated patients, almost half had received at least four prior lines of therapy. Patients received a median of 86% of the planned dose. The week 8 PFS rate was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.1–64.3); median PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI, 1.8–3.6). Median OS was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.3–8.9). Tumor response (RECIST version 1.1) was 2%, and metabolic response rate (criteria from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) was 41%. The most frequently reported regorafenib-related grade ≥3 adverse events were hypertension (36%), hand–foot skin reaction (HFSR, 25%), and hypophosphatemia (24%). There were no regorafenib-related deaths. An exploratory analysis showed that patients with grade ≥2 HFSR had longer OS (10.2 months) with regorafenib treatment versus those with grades 0–1 (5.4 months).

Conclusion

These findings support the antitumor activity of regorafenib in antiangiogenic-naïve patients with chemotherapy-refractory mCRC.

Implications for Practice

The multikinase inhibitor regorafenib improved overall survival in the phase III CORRECT and CONCUR trials in heavily pretreated patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Exploratory subgroup analysis from CONCUR suggested that regorafenib treatment prior to targeted therapy (including bevacizumab) may improve outcomes. In this single-center, single-arm phase IIb study, regorafenib demonstrated antitumor activity in 59 antiangiogenic-naïve patients with chemotherapy-refractory mCRC. Further studies should assess the efficacy of regorafenib in this patient population, as well as explore the reasons behind improved outcomes among patients who had a metabolic response and those who developed hand–foot skin reaction.
Coupling elasto-plastic behaviour of unsaturated soils with piecewise linear large-strain consolidation
Authors: Qi Shunchao , Simms Paul , Daliri Farzad , Vanapalli Sai
Published: June 2019

Slurried soils or tailings are often deposited in layers that undergo complex stress paths in terms of desiccation and loading, as a given layer may undergo variable degrees of desiccation before burial by subsequent layers, which has implications for geotechnical stability and geo-environmental performance. Proper analysis therefore requires not only an effective coupling of unsaturated flow with large-strain consolidation, but also inclusion of hysteresis effects. This paper presents the development and testing of a coupled unsaturated flow–large-strain consolidation model, UNSATCON, initially formulated for only monotonic dewatering, to include such effects. UNSATCON operates by a novel numerical algorithm that ensures mass conservation and handles the saturated/unsaturated transition smoothly. Differently from conventional integration schemes commonly embedded in finite-element formulations, this algorithm, tracking the void ratio change explicitly for large deformation, is shown to be applicable for most constitutive models of unsaturated soils under one-dimensional or isotropic stress conditions. Three constitutive models are implemented: a modified state surface model and the original and a minor variant of the Glasgow coupled model (GCM). The numerical model is evaluated using a recently published experimental study on multilayer deposition of thickened gold tailings. The model adequately reproduces the essential features of the dewatering processes, including the irrecoverable deformation induced by desiccation, the interlayer water exchange governed by deformation and deformation-dependent hysteretic retention behaviour. All three implemented constitutive models can reasonably simulate these experimental observations, despite some trivial discrepancies in magnitude. Point-level inspection, however, reveals some fundamental differences that may have important practical implications. For example, the additional plastic strain that occurs in GCM type models over multiple wetting–drying cycles may explain observed trends in increased strength in the simulated experiment.
Reappraisal of soil extrusion for geomechanical characterisation
Authors: O’Kelly Brendan C
Published: June 2019

Reverse extrusion has been promoted over the past four decades for remoulded undrained shear strength (su) measurement and consistency-limit determinations. The technique employs a uniaxial-compression test machine to set the die travelling against the confined soil specimen (billet) at a constant displacement rate (v), with the soil extruded through the die orifice under a steady-state extrusion pressure (pe). This paper presents the first comprehensive literature review of this topic, including a reassessment of extensive data sets presented for many hundreds of fine-grained soils covering an extremely wide plasticity range. Specifically, the paper critically examines (a) the soil billet’s assumed undrained condition and hence the constancy of the pe/suratio value, which is central to sudeterminations using this approach; (b) the dependence of the steady-state pevalue on both the billet’s area reduction ratio (R) and v; (c) the role of soil remoulding toughness; and (d) the pitfalls of various data analysis and interpolation techniques employed. The author concludes that, depending on mineralogy and gradation, localised billet consolidation may occur for the slow displacement rates employed and high pevalues required, particularly for stiffer soils, such that the present extrusion approach is generally not recommended for sumeasurement or Atterberg-limit determinations.
A Unified Measure of Fed Monetary Policy Shocks
Authors: Bu Chunya , Rogers John , Wu Wenbin
Published: June 2019

Identification of Fed monetary policy shocks is complex, in light of the distinct policymaking regimes before, during, and after the ZLB period of December 2008 to December 2015. We develop a heteroscedasticity-based partial least squares approach, combined with Fama-MacBeth style cross-section regressions, to identify a US monetary policy shock series that usefully bridges periods of conventional and unconventional policymaking and is effectively devoid of the central bank information effect. Our series has moderately high correlation with the shocks identified by Nakamura and Steinsson (2018), Swanson (2018), and Jarocinski and Karadi (2018), but has crucially important differences. Following both the Nakamura-Steinsson and Jarocinski-Karadi empirical tests, we find scant evidence of the information effect in our measure. We attribute the source of these different findings to our econometric procedure and our use of the full maturity spectrum of interest rate instrume nts in constructing our measure. We then present evidence confirming an hypothesis in the literature that the information effect can lead to the result that shocks to monetary policy have transmission effects with signs that differ from traditional theory. We find that shocks to series that are devoid of (embody) the information effect display conventionally-signed (perverse) impulse responses of output and inflation. This provides evidence of first-order importance to staff at central banks undertaking quantitative theoretical modeling of the effects of monetary policy.
Efficiency and cost analysis of a designed in-line water heating system compared to a conventional water heating system in South Africa
Authors: Gouws Rupert , Le Roux Estie
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the authors compares the efficiency and cost of a designed in-line water heating system with a conventional water heating system (geyser) in South Africa. The paper provides an overview on water heating systems and heating elements and provides the typical water consumption required by an average household in South Africa. A summary on the design of the in-line water heating system together with a system cost analysis is provided. The designed in-line water heating system takes the energy consumption, temperature and pressure into account during operation. The energy consumption and cost of the designed in-line water heating system is compared to a conventional water geyser. A cost analysis on the designed in-line water heating system, heat pumps and solar water heating systems are also provided. The energy consumption results showed that the conventional water geyser on average consumes 2.5% more energy to heat one litre of water from 15 °C to 60 °C, than the designed in-line water heating system to supply one litre of water at 60°C.
Evaluation of Community Baby Showers to Promote Safe Sleep
Authors: Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R , Schunn Christy , Dempsey Millicent , Blackmon Sheila
Published: June 2019

Background. In recent years, Kansas has ranked 40th among all states for worst infant mortality rates. For African American infant mortality, Kansas had the highest rate in the nation. Because of these statistics, initiatives have been implemented to reduce these rates by the KIDS Network, in partnership with the Black Nurses Association and the National Association of Hispanic Nurses. The purpose was to describe participants’ knowledge and intentions regarding safe sleep following a Community Baby Shower. Methods. The Community Baby Shower was targeted to African American women via black churches, physician offices, clinics, black sororities, word of mouth, radio, and print. All Baby Shower participants were asked to complete a brief survey following the shower. Results. The majority were African American (61%) with a high school diploma or less schooling (63%). Nearly all (97%) planned to place their baby supine for sleep. However, less than half (47%) planned to have the baby sleep in the parents’ room in a separate crib. Attendees exhibited high levels of safe sleep knowledge, stated intentions to utilize most safe sleep recommendations, and reported babies would have slept in unsafe environments without the portable crib. Conclusions. Our Baby Showers were attended by the target audience, who exhibited high levels of safe sleep knowledge, and stated intentions to utilize most safe sleep recommendations following the Shower. However, some participants were resistant to following at least some of the recommendations. Additional venues and other educational strategies may be needed to maximize the uptake of these recommendations.
Dental-related Emergency Department Visits and Community Dental Care Resources for Emergency Room Patients
Authors: Trikhacheva Anna , Page Michael , Gault Holly , Ochieng Rose , Barth Bradley E , Cannon Chad M , Shakhnovich Olga , Engelman Kimberly K
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND: The number and cost of dental-related visits to Emergency Departments (ED) is a significant issue nationwide. A better understanding of the treatment provided to ED patients presenting with dental complaints and community dental resources is needed. METHODS: A three-tiered approach included: 1) a 12-month retrospective chart review for dental-related ICD-9 visit codes at an urban academic ED in Kansas City; 2) surveys of 30 providers at the same ED regarding the dental patient process and treatment; and 3) telephone surveys of 16 Kansas City area safety net clinics regarding service access. RESULTS: Out of 49,276 ED visits, 676 were related to dental conditions (70 were repeat dental ED visits). Most patients were female (54%), white (45%), age 20-39 (65%), and self-pay (56%). The most prevalent codes utilized were dental disorder not otherwise specified (NOS; 57%), periapical abscess (22%), and dental caries NOS (15%). Nearly all providers (97%) felt comfortable seeing patients with dental complaints. Chart review indicated that patients received a dental screen/exam during 80% of the encounters, with medication provided to 90% of the patients. Over two-thirds of the providers (N = 23/30) regularly prescribed antibiotics and pain medications for their ED dental patients. ED providers performed dental procedures in 63% of the patient cases. The most common procedures included dental blocks (N = 16 providers) and incision and drainage (N = 4 providers). Only two of the 16 safety net clinics provided comprehensive dental care, almost all (94%) clinics required patients to call to schedule an appointment, and there was a two to six month waiting period for 31% of the clinics. CONCLUSION: The limited scope of dental treatment in the ED, coupled with poor availability of safety-net dental resources, may result in dental exacerbations and suboptimal patient clinical outcomes. The enhancement of safety-net dental service accessibility is crucial to reducing dental ED visits and improving dental health, particularly among low-income, self-pay populations.
Licencias de marca: la estrategia ganadora
Authors: Magariño Peñalba Víctor
Published: June 2019

Cuando una compañía no goza del privilegio de estar en posesión de una marca conocida se le presentan básicamente tres opciones:a. Generar notoriedad de marca.b. Comprar una marca conocida.c. Tomar prestada una marca conocida.El artículo analiza cada una de las opciones y señala que estamos asistiendo a un auge en el sector de la licencia.
Desafios e possibilidades da prática pedagógica no âmbito hospitalar (p. 231-252)
Authors: Leite Maria de Fátima da Silva , Lira Adriana
Published: June 2019

ResumoEste trabalho buscou averiguar quais os desafios da prática docente no ambiente hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 27 de julho a 22 de outubro de 2013, em dois hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal, apoiada na observação participante e na coleta de dados com duas educadoras que atuam nesses hospitais. A questão central buscou responder à seguinte indagação: quais os desafios do fazer profissional pedagógico no âmbito da saúde, em especial no contexto hospitalar? Foi possível concluir que os desafios e as possibilidades do trabalho de um pedagogo no ambiente hospitalar são complexos e multidimensionais, constituindo-se como um espaço rico para a formação pessoal e profissional, sendo que mais pedagogos devem ser encorajados a atuar nesses espaços.Palavras-chave: Pedagogia. Classe hospitalar. Prática pedagógica.Challenges and possibilities of the pedagogical practice in hospitalsAbstractThis study aimed to find out what the challenges of teaching practice in the hospital setting. It is a survey conducted from July 27 to October 22, 2013, in two public hospitals in the Federal District, based on participant observation and data collection with two teachers, who work in these hospitals. The central question sought to answer the question: what challenges do the teaching professional in the field of health, especially in the hospital setting? It was concluded that the challenges and possibilities of the work of a teacher in the hospital environment are complex and multidimensional, establishing itself as a rich space for personal and professional development, and more educators are encouraged to act in these spaces.Keywords: Pedagogy. Hospital class. Pedagogical practice.Retos y posibilidades de la práctica pedagógica en los hospitalesResumenEste estudio tuvo como objetivo averiguar qué los desafíos de la práctica docente en el ámbito hospitalario. Se trata de una encuesta llevada a cabo a partir de 27 julio hasta 22 octubre 2013, en dos hospitales públicos en el Distrito Federal, con base en la observación participante y la recopilación de datos con dos maestros, que trabajan en estos hospitales. La cuestión central tratado de responder a la pregunta: ¿Qué retos del profesional de la enseñanza en el campo de la salud, especialmente en el ámbito hospitalario? Se concluyó que los retos y posibilidades de la obra de un maestro en el ambiente hospitalario son complejas y multidimensionales, consolidándose como un espacio rico para el desarrollo personal y profesional, y se anima a más educadores para actuar en estos espacios.Palabras clave: Pedagogía. Clase hospital. La práctica pedagógica.
Barreras ante las pioneras universitarias: una mirada transnacional = Barriers to Women University Pioneers: a Transnational View
Authors: Flecha García Consuelo
Published: June 2019

Resumen: El ingreso de las mujeres en los estudios universitarios se produjo después de superar muchas dificultades. En algunos casos esa entrada fue impedida por las propias universidades. En otros casos, por los gobiernos de los países. Pero también por quienes estaban ejerciendo las profesiones que exigían esa educación superior. Todos juzgaron que no era adecuado o conveniente para una mujer tal tipo de estudios. Sin embargo, muchas mujeres jóvenes tomaron una decisión valiente y demostraron una voluntad envidiable para alcanzar sus expectativas, a fin de obtener un título universitario. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer un acercamiento a las circunstancias concretas que superaron las mujeres en diferentes países de Europa y América. Con una metodología de carácter histórico, diferentes fuentes han sido consultadas: archivos de universidades, autobiografías editadas, y bibliografía disponible en varios países sobre esta temática.Palabras clave: universidad, mujeres, siglo XIX, Europa, AméricaAbstract: The entrance of women in university studies occurred after overcoming many difficulties. In some cases that entry was impeded by the universities themselves. In other cases, by the governments of the countries. But also by those who were exercising the professions that demanded that higher education. Everyone judged that this type of studies was not suitable or convenient for a woman. However, many young women made a courageous decision and showed an enviable will to meet their expectations, in order to obtain a university degree. The objective of this article is to offer an approach to the concrete circumstances that women in different countries of Europe and America have overcome. With a methodology of historical character, different sources have been consulted: Univer sity archives, published autobiographies and bibliography available in several countries on this subject.Keywords: university, women, 19th century, Europe, America
Mujeres abriendo camino en la universidad: el proyecto de Eugenie A. Leonard en Estados Unidos = Women Opening Way at the University: Eugenie A. Leonard’s Project in United States
Authors: Alva Inmaculada
Published: June 2019

Resumen: Eugenie A. Leonard (1888-1980) es una destacada pero desconocida figura. Profesora de Educación en la Universi­dad de Syracusa y en The Catholic University of America (Washington), trabajó también en ambas instituciones como Decana de Muje­res. Desde ese cargo desarrolló un programa que facilitaba el alojamiento de las mujeres y su integración en la vida universitaria en igualdad de oportunidades con los hombres. Sin embargo, sus aportaciones han pasado muy desapercibidas y no existe nin­gún tipo de estudio biográfico sobre ella. Es interesante analizar su trayectoria académica y su aportación a los Women’s Studies.Palabras clave: universidades, Esta­dos Unidos, siglo XX, mujeres, igualdad.Abstract: Eugenie A. Leonard (1888-1980) was a relevant but unknown figure. Professor of Education at Syracuse Univer­sity and The Catholic University of America (Washington). Besides, she also works as Dean of Women. She developed a program in order to facilitate the women housing and their integration at the university looking equality of opportunities with the men. Howe­ver, her works are unknown. It does not exist one biography about her. It is interesting to analyze her academic trajectory and her wri­tings about Women’s Studies.Keywords: universities, United States, 20th Century, women, equality.