bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM GRAECUM ON ΑLPHA-GLUCOSIDASE AND DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-IV INHIBITORY ACTIVITY - AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Sd Inbaraj , M Muniappan
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to find the effect of seed extract of Trigonella foenum graecum on the inhibition of α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme activity by in vitro method.Methods: Methanolic seed extract of T. foenum graecum seed was prepared and supplied by Sami Labs, Bengaluru, on request. For alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay, the following concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μg/ml) of extracts and for DPP-4 inhibition assay (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320d μg/ml) concentrations were used. The absorbance was measured at 540 and 405 nm using multiplate reader, and the percentage of α-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzyme inhibitory activity of extract fractions was calculated. Acarbose for alpha-glucosidase inhibition and vildagliptin for DDP-4 inhibition were used as standard drugs. The IC50 value for alpha-glucosidase inhibition and DPP-4 inhibition was determined.Results: The maximum alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of T. foenum graecum extract at 100 μg/ml was 68% (p<0.05) with IC50 value of 57.25 when compared to the acarbose (STD) of 94% with IC50 values of 42.78. The maximum percentage of DPP-4 inhibition of T. foenum graecum extract at 320 μg/ml is 77.84% (p<0.01) with IC50 value of 52.26 when compared to the vildagliptin (STD) it is 80.15% with IC50 value of 22.98.Conclusion: The results of the in vitro studies show that T. foenum graecum seed extract has significant alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 inhibition. Further in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to establish the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic potential of T. foenum graecum seed extract for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN D THERAPY EFFECT ON INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH TYPE I DIABETIC
Authors: Kadhim Kadhim Ali , Nafea Lubab Tarek , Fawzi Hayder A , Hameed Esraa Abdul-al , Gasim Gaith Ali
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of Vitamin D3 supplementation on endogenous Vitamin D3 level and inflammatory biomarkers in newly diagnosed pediatric patients.Methods: The patients were given oral Vitamin D3, and they divided into three groups: The first group (25 healthy pediatrics), the second group (25 newly diagnosed pediatric patients) treated with daily insulin regimen only, and the third group (25 newly diagnosed pediatric patients) treated with Vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) with daily insulin regimen; all patients were treated for 90 days; and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 45 days and 90 days of starting Vitamin D3 to assess its potential effect on the levels of Vitamin D, serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and other inflammatory markers.Results: The results of the current study showed that serum IL-1β significantly declined in patients receiving Vitamin D3, while serum Vitamin D3, serum calcium, and interleukins-4 were significantly increased in patients receiving Vitamin D3.Conclusion: Vitamin D3 in a daily dose of 2000 IU/day for 90 days results in favorable immune response and increase of serum Vitamin D3 for pediatric new diagnosed Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
THE EFFECT OF RECTAL PROGESTERONE ON DOPPLER PARAMETERS OF THE UTERINE ARTERIES FOR THE PREVENTION OF PRETERM DELIVERY IN IRAQI POPULATION
Authors: Farhan Fatin Shallal , Hameed Ban Hadi , Zghair Muna Abdulghani
Published: October 2018

Objective: The effectiveness of progesterone in the prevention of threatened preterm labor has been established for many years, but the preferable route, dose, and duration of treatment are until now under the evaluation of researches. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rectal progesterone on Doppler indices of the uterine arteries in pregnant women with threatened preterm delivery.Methods: A prospective case–control study was conducted at the obstetric ward and the Outpatients Department of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad for the period of 1 year from April 1, 2017, to April 1, 2018. 100 women were enrolled in the study, 50 of them were pregnant women with a diagnosis of preterm labor assigned as a study group and the other 50 were apparently healthy pregnant women of the same gestational age assigned as a control group. Doppler study of uterine arteries was done to all participants, and the results were compared for both groups. The patients with preterm labor received nifedipine tocolysis initially until contractions subsided and Doppler study had been repeated for those women after 1 week of rectal progesterone therapy.Results: The study group had a significantly higher resistance index (RI) than the control group (0.58 vs. 0.52) as p<0.05, in spite of the pulsatility index (PI) being higher for the study group compared to the control group (0.78 vs. 0.77) but this difference was not statistically significant. The RI before the therapy (0.58) was significantly higher than the index after therapy (0.52), and the PI was again significantly higher before therapy (0.78) than after therapy (0.71) as p<0.05. During the follow-up period, 3 (6.5%), 4 (8.7), and 39 (84.8%) patients delivered within 1 week, after 1 week, and at term, respectively.Conclusion: Rectal progesterone can arrest threatened preterm labor, and this effect is possible in part explained by its action on uterine arteries.
The 3rd International Conference on Molecular Diagnostics and Biomarker Discovery was held at Eureka Complex, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. 24-25 September 2018
Authors: Sasidharan Sreenivasan
Published: October 2018

abstract book
Moral Hazard and Internal Discipline: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Li Meng
Published: October 2018

This paper studies, both theoretically and empirically, how subordinates to CEOs can discipline the CEOs' self-serving activities. I predict that because CEOs' self-serving activities hurt the subordinates through the subordinates' stakes in the firms, the subordinates who observe these activities will take actions that negatively affect the CEOs, and that in anticipation of such reactions by subordinates, the CEOs will limit their own misbehaviors. This disciplinary mechanism will become more effective when the CEOs' self-serving activities are more observable to subordinates. Further, the sensitivity of CEOs' self-serving activities to observability will increase (1) as the agency problem between CEOs and their subordinates intensifies, and (2) when external monitoring is less effective. The incentive pay for the subordinates will also decrease with the strength of external monitoring. Using a series of empirical tests, I find results that are largely consistent with my theoretical predictions.

JEL Classifications: G34; M41.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text, except for Glassdoor data, which are obtained by the author under a confidentiality agreement with Glassdoor, Inc.
Economic Costs Attributable to Diabetes in Each U.S. State
Authors: Shrestha Sundar S. , Honeycutt Amanda A. , Yang Wenya , Zhang Ping , Khavjou Olga A. , Poehler Diana C. , Neuwahl Simon J. , Hoerger Thomas J.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

To estimate direct medical and indirect costs attributable to diabetes in each U.S. state in total and per person with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We used an attributable fraction approach to estimate direct medical costs using data from the 2013 State Health Expenditure Accounts, 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ 2013–2014 Minimum Data Set. We used a human capital approach to estimate indirect costs measured by lost productivity from morbidity (absenteeism, presenteeism, lost household productivity, and inability to work) and premature mortality, using the 2008–2013 National Health Interview Survey, 2013 daily housework value data, 2013 mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research, and mean wages from the 2014 Bureau of Labor Statistics. Costs were adjusted to 2017 U.S. dollars.

RESULTS

The estimated median state economic cost was $5.9 billion, ranging from $694 million to $55.5 billion, in total and $18,248, ranging from $15,418 to $30,915, per person with diabetes. The corresponding estimates for direct medical costs were $2.8 billion (range $0.3–22.9) and $8,544 (range $6,591–12,953) and for indirect costs were $3.0 billion (range $0.4–32.6) and $9,672 (range $7,133–17,962). In general, the estimated state median indirect costs resulting from morbidity were larger than costs from mortality both in total and per person with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Economic costs attributable to diabetes were large and varied widely across states. Our comprehensive state-specific estimates provide essential information needed by state policymakers to monitor the economic burden of the disease and to better plan and evaluate interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes and managing diabetes in their states.
Fasting Glucose Variability in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Function in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Bancks Michael P. , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Jacobs David R. , Launer Lenore J. , Reis Jared P. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Shah Ravi V. , Sidney Stephen , Yaffe Kristine , Yano Yuichiro , Allen Norrina B.
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether intraindividual variability in fasting glucose (FG) below the threshold of diabetes is associated with cognitive function in middle adulthood beyond increasing FG.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We studied 3,307 CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study participants (age range 18–30 years and enrolled in 1985–1986) at baseline and calculated two measures of long-term glucose variability: the coefficient of variation about the mean FG (CV-FG) and the absolute difference between successive FG measurements (average real variability [ARV-FG]) before the onset of diabetes over 25 and 30 years of follow-up. Cognitive function was assessed at years 25 (2010–2011) and 30 (2015–2016) with the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and category and letter fluency tests. We estimated the association between glucose variability and cognitive function test score with adjustment for clinical and behavioral risk factors, mean FG level, change in FG level, and diabetes development, medication use, and duration.

RESULTS

After multivariable adjustment, 1-SD increment of CV-FG was associated with worse cognitive scores at year 25: DSST, standardized regression coefficient −0.95 (95% CI −1.54, −0.36); RAVLT, −0.14 (95% CI −0.27, −0.02); and Stroop Test, 0.49 (95% CI 0.04, 0.94). Findings were similar between CV-FG with each cognitive test score at year 30 and when we used an alternative measure of variability (ARV-FG) that captures variability in successive FG values.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher intraindividual FG variability during young adulthood below the threshold of diabetes was associated with worse processing speed, memory, and language fluency in midlife independent of FG levels.
THE EFFECT OF EARLY FIBROBRONCHOSCOPIC SANITATION WITH HUMAN COLLAGEN TYPE 1 ON EPITHELIZATION OF DAMAGED TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL MUCOSA IN PATIENTS WITH INHALATION INJURY
Authors: Makarov A. V. , Mironov A. V. , Galankina I. Y. , Smirnov S. V. , Ponomaryov I. N. , Borovkova N. V.
Published: October 2018

Background. Inhalation trauma remains one of the most common and complex condition to be treated. Fibrobronchoscopic sanitation plays a significant role in the complex therapy of patients with inhalation trauma, allowing purulent necrotic discharge, soot and combustion products to be removed from the lumen of the tracheobronchial tree. We proposed a method for local treatment of mucosal lesions in inhalation trauma based on early endoscopic sanitation of the tracheobronchial tree with solutions of antiseptics followed by application of human type 1 collagen solution.

Aim of study. To assess the effect of early fibroblochoscopic sanitation with application of human-type collagen 1 on the timing of epithelialization of the damaged tracheal and bronchial mucosa in patients with inhalation trauma.

Material and methods. The study included 59 patients with inhalation trauma of 2–3 degree. All patients from the first day after the trauma underwent bronchoscopic sanitation in accordance with the standards of medical care. Immediately after the removal of soot, the solution of human-type collagen 1 was applied in patients of the main group, obtained from ligaments and tendons by the acid extraction method. The dynamics of the reparative process was evaluated on the basis of the endoscopic study and according to a series of morphological studies of the biopsy material obtained in the course of fibrobronchoscopy.

Results. Complete epithelization of erosions of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi in patients with inhalation trauma of 2 degree occurred significantly earlier (3 (2; 6) days) than without its application (7 (4; 9) day) (n1 =15; n2 =21; U=49.5; p=0.0004). In patients with inhalation trauma of 3 degree, epithelialization time was reduced from 17 (12; 22) days in the comparison group to 7 (6; 9) days in the main group (n1 =14; n2 =9; U=1; p=0.001). According to the morphological study, a characteristic feature of the fibrobronchoscopic sanitation with the human collagen type 1 was the absence of purulent inflammation of the trachea and bronchial wall.

Conclusion. In the study, it was statistically proved that the early fibrobrochoscopic sanitation and application of the human collagen type 1 solution for acute lesions of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi twice accelerates epithelialization of mucosal lesions without the development of purulent inflammation.
Pembuatan Sirup Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica L.) Sebagai Salah Satu Usaha Diversifikasi Pangan Untuk Minuman Kesehatan di Desa Bintang Mas Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Dirhamsyah M. , Nurhaida Nurhaida
Published: October 2018

Desa Bintang Mas merupakan salah satu desa yang mempunyai potensi tumbuhan asam jawa, dimana masyarakatnya belum mengetahui pembuatan sirup asam jawa yang merupakan salah satu minuman kesehatan yang berpeluang ekonomi jika di buat dalam bentuk minuman. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra untuk saat ini adalah kurangnya diversifikasi produk dari buah asam jawa yang banyak terdapat di desa mereka. Selama ini buah asam jawa hanya digunakan untuk memasak dan kelebihan produksi hanya di jual dalam bentuk segar saja. Mitra belum mengetahui khasiat minuman segar asam jawa dan asam jawa bisa dibuat sirup, dan jika dijual dalam bentuk sirup selain dapat meningkatkan harga jual juga bisa meningkatkan sumber pendapatan keluarga jika bisnis sirup asam jawa ini di tekuni. Target luaran yang diharapkan di akhir program adalah masyarakat dapat membuat sirup asam jawa dengan kemasan botol yang tersterilisasi dan label yang menarik. Sirup asam jawa dapat menjadi minuman kesehatan keluarga dan jika dijual dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga mitra.
Budidaya Kepiting Soka dengan Metoda Sangkar Massal
Authors: Suswanto Iman , Sirodjul Munir Achmad Mulyadi
Published: October 2018

Mangrove forest stores enormous economic potential. Economic activity in the mangrove forest village Dabong was catching mangrove clams, fish, shrimp and mud crab. Cultivation of soft-shelled crabs can be done with simple methods such as single cage and mass cage combained moulting pool to facilitate moulting monitor the change of the crab skin. Advantages of moulting pool are  ease moulting time monitoring and crab moulting secure against attack other animals.Cultivation of soft-shelled crabs need to be developed extensively for broad economic benefits for the sailor. The results indicate that the development of aquaculture activities shelled crabs using mass cage and moulting pool provide greater benefits. Labor productivity with the same can be increased up to 4- fold compared to a single cage aquaculture way. Excellence moulting pool caused by intensive monitoring for skin exchange both day and night.
Lateral Adsorbate Interactions Inhibit HCOO- While Promoting CO Selectivity for CO2 Electrocatalysis on Ag
Authors: Bohra Divya , Ledezma-Yanez Isis , Li Guanna , Jong Wiebren De , Pidko Evgeny A. , Smith Wilson A.
Published: October 2018

The analysis presented in this manuscript helps bridge an important fundamental discrepancy between the existing theoretical and experimental knowledge regarding the performance of Ag catalysts for CO2 electrochemical reduction (CO2ER). The results demonstrate how the intermediate species *OCHO is formed readily en-route the HCOO– pathway and plays a decisive role in determining selectivity of a predominantly CO producing catalyst such as Ag. Our theoretical and experimental approach develops a better understanding of the nature of competition as well as the complex interactions between the reaction intermediates leading to CO, HCOO– and H2 during CO2ER.

Details of computational and experimental methods are present in the Supporting Information provided.
Ab Initio Thermodynamics of Iridium Surface Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Klyukin Konstantin , Zagalskaya Alexandra , Alexandrov Vitaly
Published: October 2018

Iridium-based materials are considered as state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, their stability and catalytic activity greatly depend on surface-state changes induced by electrochemical cycling. To better understand the behavior of the low-index Ir surfaces in an electrochemical environment, we perform a systematic thermodynamic analysis by means of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on computed surface energies of the Ir(111), (110) and (100) facets as a function of applied electrode potential and coverage of adsorbed water species we determine stability maps and predict equilibrium shapes of Ir nanoparticles. Our calculations also show that metastable oxide precursors formed at the initial stages of Ir surface oxidation are responsible for enhanced catalytic activity towards OER as compared to metal surfaces covered by oxygen adsorbates and thick-oxide films. Such enhancement occurs not only due to the modified thermodynamic stability of OER intermediates, but also because thin-oxide layers may display the more energetically favorable I2M (interaction of two M-O units) rather than WNA (water nucleophilic attack) OER mechanism.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ФАКТОРА СРЕДИННОСТИ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ АСПЕКТЕ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СРЕДИННОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Акбердина Виктория Викторовна , Сергеева Алена Сергеевна
Published: October 2018

Цель работы. В статье рассмотрена система показателей и ее практическое применение для оценки фактора срединности в регионе. Метод и методология проведения. На основе отобранной системы показателей проведен анализ регионов. Расчеты и критериальная типология срединности позволила отнести регионы к срединным, тем самым выделяя их главную особенность и приоритет в территориальном расположении. Результаты. Для разработки и обоснования методического инструментария по оценке фактора срединности проведено эмпирическое исследование по субъектам РФ, целью которого являлась проверка гипотез о наличии ее у срединных регионов. Прикладной задачей проведенного исследования стала система показателей срединности российских регионов, которая позволила доказать наличие фактора срединности для регионов, а также скорректировать топологические признаки, поскольку не все признаки были подтверждены. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут быть использованы при анализе и прогнозировании развития регионов с учетом фактора срединности. Выводы. Развитие регионов с учетом фактора срединности и выделенных гипотез приведет к социально-экономическому росту срединные регионы.
Antioxidant capacity of Melissa Officinalis L. on Biological Systems
Authors: Franco Juliana Metzner , Pugine Silvana Marina Piccoli , Scatoline Antônio Márcio , De Melo Mariza Pires
Published: October 2018

The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant capacity of Melissa extract (ME) (Melissa officinalis L.) and its protective effect on peroxyl radical-induced oxidative damage in erythrocytes. ME used in present study was obtained by rota-evaporation of the crude extract (ethanol:water/dried leaves). Total phenolic and flavonoids contend determination, 176.8 ± 13.2 mg GAE/g dw and  26.2 ± 3.2 mg QE/g dw, respectively).  Total equivalent antioxidant activities, TEAC in mg TE/g dw, were 61.4 ± 5.5 and 512.4 ± 77.2 for respective FRAP assay and DPPH• radical-scavenging. The ME acts as an antioxidant on NO and O2•-, when ME exerted a higher antioxidant action on NO scavenging to compared to the ascorbic acid (1.9 times), however, the antioxidant capacity of ME on O2•- was lower than ascorbic acid (5.6 times). The values of hemolysis inhibition from ME (IC50, 2.0 ± 0.5 mg/mL) were higher than ascorbic acid (IC50, 7.1 ± 1.8 mg/mL). Extract of Melissa was able to eliminate biological free radicals, suggesting a potential to prevent oxidative damage in vivo. In fact, the ME exerted protective action on cell membrane lysis in situ.
Estimation of the local intensity of a cyclic Poisson process by means of nearest neighbor distances
Authors: MANGKU I W.
Published: October 2018

We consider the problem of estimating the local intensity of a cyclic Poisson point process, when we know the period. We suppose that only a single realization of the cyclic Poisson point process is observed within a bounded 'window', and our aim is to estimate consistently the local intensity at a given point. A nearest neighbor estimator of the local intensity is proposed, and we show that our estimator is weakly and strongly consistent, as the window expands.
Analisis Kestabilan Titik Tetap dan Bifurkasi Kelompok Inti pada Model Transmisi Penyakit Seksual
Authors: RAHMAWATI T. , AIDI M. N. , HANUM F.
Published: October 2018

Transmisi penyakit seksual pada suatu populasi berkaitan erat dengan kegiatan seksuaJ individu-individu pada populasi tersebut. Dalarn pemba- hasan model transrnisi penyakit seksual ini, populasi dibagi rnenjadi dua kelorn- pok, yaitu kelompok dengan tingkat aktivitas seksual tinggi yang dinamakan kelorrrpok inti, dan kelornpok dengan tingkat aktivitas seksual rendah, yang dinamakan dengan kelompok non-inti. Berdasarkan tingkat aktivitasseksual- nya, pada umumnya kelompok non inti tidak terlalu berpengar uh pada trans- misi penyakit seksual ini. Jadi, model umum transmisi penyakit seksual amat dipengaruhi oleh model kelompok inti yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Ana- lisis kestabilan dilakukan untuk model tersebut dan diperoleh tiga titik tetap beserta kondisi kestabilan yang harus dipenuhi. Individu terinfeksi dapat menularkan penyakit pada individu rentan atau tervaksinasi, dan dapat berpengaruh pada kestabilan transmisi penyakit sek- sual pada kelompok inti ini. Strategi pencegahan (vaksinasi) juga diberikan pada kelompok inti. Perubahan nilai tingkat vaksinasi dapat mempengaruhi kestabilan sistem. Sistem akan kehilangan kestabilan apabila diberikan tingkat vaksinasi yang lebih kecil daripada tingkat kritis vaksinasi.
PRINSIP MAKSIMUM PONTRYAGIN DALAM MASALAH KONTROL OPTIMUM STOKASTIK
Authors: SYAHRIL E.
Published: October 2018

Kontrol Optimum Stokastik merupakan cabang ma- tematika yang relatif baru perkembangannya. Terdapat dua pen- dekatan untuk menentukan solusi masalah kontrol optimum sto- kastik, yaitu prinsip maksimum Pontryagin dan program dinamis Bellman. Tulisan ini menyajikan prinsip maksimum untuk masalah kontrol optimum stokastik dan aplikasinya dalam masalah portofo- lio dan konsumsi. Merton(1971) menyelesaikan masalah konsumsi dan portofolio dengan menggunakan pendekatan program dinamis. Dengan hasil yang diperoleh oleh Merton sebagai patokan, masalah konsumsi dan portofolio diselesaikan dengan pendekatan prinsip maksimum.
EQUIVALENT REPRESENTATIONS OF HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS
Authors: SETIAWATY B.
Published: October 2018

In this article, we classify the class of hidden Markov models through the laws of the observation processes, since the Markov chains are not observable. Here, we also present some properties regarding this classiﬁcation.
AN INVESTMENT STRATEGY IN PORTFOLIO SELECTION PROBLEM WITH BULLET TRANSACTION COST
Authors: SYAHRIL E.
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses an investment strategy for a con- sumption and investment decision problem for an individual who has available a riskless asset paying ﬁxed interest rate and a risky asset driven by Brownian motion price ﬂuctuations. The individual observes current wealth when making transactions, that transac- tions incur costs, and that decisions to transact can be made at any time based on all current information. The transactions costs is ﬁxed for every transaction, regardless of amount transacted. In addition, the investor is charged a ﬁxed fraction of total wealth as management fee. The investor’s objective is to maximize the expected utility of consumption over a given horizon. The prob- lem faced by the investor is formulated in a stochastic discrete- continuous-time control problem. An investment strategy is given for ﬁxed transaction intervals.
HIGHER ORDER KORTEWEG-DE VRIES MODELS FOR INTERNAL WAVES
Authors: JAHARUDDIN J.
Published: October 2018

By using asymptotic methods, evolution equation is derived for the internal waves in density stratiﬁed ﬂuid. This evo- lution equation arise as a solvability condition. A higher-order extension of the familiar Korteweg-de Vries equation is produced for internal waves in a density stratiﬁed ﬂow with a free surface. All coeﬃcients of this extended Korteweg-de Vries equation are expressed via integrals of the modal function for the linear theory of long internal waves.
THE ERGODICITY OF THE OBSERVED PROCESS OF A HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
Authors: SETIAWATY B.
Published: October 2018

This paper presents some properties of a stationary hidden Markov model. The most important is the ergodicity of the observed process which is essential for limit theorems.
MIXED FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION OF THE BIHARMONIC EQUATION
Authors: GARNADI A. D.
Published: October 2018

We will provide an abstract setting for mixed ﬁnite element method for biharmonic equation. The abstract setting casts mixed ﬁnite element method for ﬁrst biharmonic equation and sec- ond biharmonic equation into a single framework altogether. We provide error estimates for both type biharmonic equation, and for the ﬁrst time an error estimate for the second biharmonic equation.
IDENTIFIABILITY OF HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS
Authors: SETIAWATY B.
Published: October 2018

This paper shows that the identiﬁability problem for hidden Markov models can be derived from the identiﬁability of ﬁnite mixtures.
PENDUGAAN PARAMETER MODEL HIDDEN MARKOV *
Authors: SETIAWATY B. , KRISTINA L.
Published: October 2018

Pendugaan parameter untuk model Hidden Markov Elliott et. al. (1995) dilakukan mengunakan Metode Maximum Likelihood dan pendugaan ulang menggunakan metode Expectation Maximization yang melibatkan perubahan ukuran. Dari metode tersebut diperoleh algoritma untuk menduga parameter model.
A NOTE ON ESTIMATION OF THE GLOBAL INTENSITY OF A CYCLIC POISSON PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF LINEAR TREND
Authors: MANGKU I W.
Published: October 2018

We construct and investigate a consistent kernel-type nonparametric estimator of the global intensity of a cyclic Poisson process in the presence of linear trend. It is assumed that only a single realization of the Poisson process is observed in a bounded window. We prove that the proposed estimator is consistent when the size of the window indeﬁnitely expands. The asymptotic bias and variance of the proposed estimator are computed. Bias reduction of the estimator is also proposed.1991 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: 60
PENDUGAAN PARAMETER DERET WAKTU HIDDEN MARKOV HAMILTON*
Authors: SETIAWATY B. , ADHARINI Y. , HIRASAWA H.
Published: October 2018

Pendugaan parameter untuk model deret waktu Hidden Markov Hamilton (1994) dilakukan mengunakan Metode Maximum Likelihood dan pendugaan ulang menggunakan metode Expectation Maximization. Dari kajian ini diperoleh algoritma untuk menduga parameter model.
HUBUNGAN DAERAH DEDEKIND DENGAN GELANGGANG HNP
Authors: WULANDARI T.
Published: October 2018

Tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa daerah Dedekind merupakan suatu gelanggang HNP.
PEMODELAN NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH TERHADAP $US MENGGUNAKAN DERET WAKTU HIDDEN MARKOV HAMILTON*
Authors: SETIAWATY B. , HIRASAWA H.
Published: October 2018

Perilaku nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap $US dari tahun 1998 sampai dengan 2007 dicoba dimodelkan dengan menggunakan deret waktu Hidden Markov. Pendugaan parameter model dilakukan mengunakan Metode Maximum Likelihood dan pendugaan ulang menggunakan metode Expectation Maximization. Hasil yang diperoleh cukup baik karena sudah menggambarkan secara umum perilaku nilai tukar Rupiah tetapi galat antara nilai harapan dengan nilai sebenarnya masih cukup besar.
OPTIMAL ENERGY REGULATION PERFORMANCE OF DELAY-TIME SYSTEMS
Authors: BAKHTIAR T.
Published: October 2018

This paper studies the regulation performance limi- tation of delay-time systems. The performance is measured by the energy of the control input with respect to an impulse dis- turbance function. We ﬁrst provide the analytical closed-form expression of the optimal performance for minimum phase case by reviewing the existing result. We then extend the problem to non-minimum phase case by exploiting the results of linear time- invariant discrete-time and delta domain cases.
ALGORITMA RUTE TERPENDEK BERBASIS TEORI GRAPH
Authors: SUPRIYO P. T.
Published: October 2018

Masalah penentuan rute optimal armada kendaraan pada suatu jaringan jalan (network) seringkali dijumpai dalam perencanaan dan pengoperasian sistem pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh suatu instansi atau badan usaha tertentu.  Hal ini memiliki beberapa masalah khusus.  Satu diantara masalah tersebut adalah penentuan rute terpendek kendaraan tunggal yang meliputi semua jalan (edge) pada suatu network.  Masalah penentuan rute terpendek kendaraan tunggal yang meliputi semua jalan pada suatu network tanpa memandang adanya urutan jalan yang harus dilalui, diperlihatkan analog dengan masalah menentukan himpunan edge– edge dengan panjang minimum yang ditambahkan pada network asli untuk memperoleh network diperbesar guna menyeimbangkan derajat masuk dan derajat keluar pada setiap verteks.  Rute terpendek yang diperoleh akan berupa suatu circuit Euler pada network diperbesar.
PEMODELAN UMUR KELAHIRAN ANAK PERTAMA
Authors: SUMARNO H. , BUDIARTI R. , SISWANDI S.
Published: October 2018

Umur melahirkan anak pertama merupakan faktor penting dalam studi kependudukan. Dari segi sosial, umur melahir- kan anak pertama merupakan peristiwa penting karena menyangkut perubahan status menjadi orang tua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari sebaran dari umur kelahiran anak pertama, dengan melakukan modiﬁkasi model perkawinan Coale-McNeil, agar sesuai digunakan untuk memodelkan umur kelahiran anak pertama di Indonesia khususnya dan di negara berkembang pada umumnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa model umur melahirkan anak pertama yang telah dikembangkan memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan dengan model asal, karena model yang telah dikembangkan dapat lebih menjelaskan fenomena yang berlaku secara lebih teoritis. Pemadanan model tersebut terhadap data Jawa-Bali 1991 menghasilkan µ,σ, kepencongan, dan kurtosis berturut-turut sebe- sar 21.9 tahun, 5.2 tahun, 3.0 dan 3.8. Akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini telah berhasil menemukan sebaran bagi umur kelahiran anak pertama yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis data kelompok maupun analisis data individu. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menjadi model dengan kovariat, berguna untuk mempelajari dan menjelaskan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi umur kelahiran anak pertama. Model ini dapat digunakan untuk data contoh yang tidak terlalu besar sehingga dapat menghemat biaya.
CONSISTENCY OF KERNEL-TYPE ESTIMATORS FOR THE FIRST AND SECOND DERIVATIVES OF A PERIODIC POISSON INTENSITY FUNCTION
Authors: MANGKU I W. , SYAMSURI S. , HERNIWAT H.
Published: October 2018

We construct and investigate consistent kernel-type estimators for the ﬁrst and second derivatives of a periodic Poisson intensity function when the period is known. We do not assume any particular parametric form for the intensity function. More- over, we consider the situation when only a single realization of the Poisson process is available, and only observed in a bounded interval. We prove that the proposed estimators are consistent when the length of the interval goes to inﬁnity. We also prove that the mean-squared error of the estimators converge to zero when the length of the interval goes to inﬁnity.1991 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: 60G55, 62G05, 62G20.
Autoatención de los padecimientos y algunos imaginarios antropológicos
Authors: Menéndez Eduardo L.
Published: October 2018

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Religiosidad popular y discursos ceremoniales en las comunidades nahuas de las faldas de la Matlalcueyetzin, Tlaxcala
Authors: Mesri Hashemi-Dilmaghani Parastoo Anita
Published: October 2018

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Overview of Static Electricity in Some Industrial Operations with Petroleum Products
Authors: Taubkin Igor’ S.
Published: October 2018

Fires and explosions of petroleum products vapors triggered by static electricity discharges are not uncommon during various technological operations. Investigation of their role in accidents is one of the more labor intensive and complicated forensic tasks. The purpose of this work is to provide forensic experts with general information on electrostatic charging mechanisms in liquids and solids, as well as on production operations with petroleum products where static electricity may occur, leading to the ignition of their vapors.
DNA Identification from Sebaceous Sweat Fingerprint Deposits on Corpse Integuments
Authors: Faleeva Tat’yana G. , Kornienko Igor’ V. , Ivanov Igor’ N. , Kuz’menko Semen M. , Mishin Evgenii S. , Shatov Dmitrii V. , Kovalev Boris V. , Chebotareva Anna A. , Hodareva Ekaterina N.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of a pilot molecular genetic study of sweat and oil residue left by the fingertips and hand palms of male volunteers (donors) on various regions of the skin surface of dead bodies (recipients) of both sexes. In cases of contact with female recipients donor-specific allele combinations were obtained for only 11.6% of autosomal loci and 12.9% of Y-chromosomal loci. Donor-specific traits were absent in 68.4% of autosomal loci and 87.1% of Y-chromosomal loci. In cases of contact with male recipients the full genetic profile was obtained for 18.6% of autosomal loci, and 64.2% of loci showed a lack of donor-specific alleles. Meanwhile, allelic combinations specific to female recipients were encountered in 40.5% of autosomal loci, and to male recipients – in 34.2% of autosomal loci. Results demonstrate poor adhesion of sweat and oil compounds from donors’ hands to the corpses’ skin, probably due to significant temperature differences between contact surfaces.
IMPLEMENTASI KRIPTOGRAFI PADA APLIKASI EMAIL MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA ELGAMAL BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Mahmuzallani Mahmuzallani , Hendrawaty Hendrawaty , Azhar Azhar
Published: October 2018

Email sebagai media komunikasi rentan terhadap tindakan kejahatan seperti spoofing, sniffing dan spam. Pada penelitian ini di implementasikan teknik kriptografi untuk menjaga kerahasiaan data (data confidentiality) pesan email dengan menggunakan algoritma Elgamal. Algoritma Elgamal merupakan algoritma asimetris yang memiliki kunci publik dan kunci privat. Kunci publik digunakan untuk proses enkripsi yaitu bilangan p,g dan y. Kunci private digunakan untuk proses dekripsi yaitu bilangan x. Panjang kunci publik p yang digunakan 1024 bit. Aplikasi dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemograman Java untuk platform android dan menggunakan library JavaMail API. Pengiriman dan penerimaan email menggunakan SMTP dan IMAP Gmail. Hasil Proses enkripsi selalu menghasilkan cipherteks lebih panjang dari plainteks. Hasil pengujian waktu rata-rata proses pembangkitan kunci 0.3558 detik, enkripsi 0.534 detik, dan waktu dekripsi 0.108 detik menggunakan smartphone VIVO Y15 dan Xiaomi Redmi3. Hasil pengujian aplikasi mampu mengirim dan menerima pesan email yang terenkripsi maupun yang tidak terenkripsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengiriman pesan teks email dengan menerapkan algoritma Elgamal lebih aman karena mampu membuat pesan teks tidak dapat dibaca siapapun kecuali pemilik kunci privat.Kata Kunci: Algoritma Elgamal, Berbasis Android, Aplikasi Email, Kriptografi, Enkripsi dan Dekrip
Collaborer avec le Commonwealth? Les relations canado-britanniques et la détention de guerre au Canada, 1940–1945
Authors: Turcotte Jean-Michel
Published: October 2018

This article examines the detention of German prisoners of war in Canada between 1940 and 1945. More specifically, it examines Canada-UK relations regarding this wartime captivity. Relatively unexamined in historiography, relations between Ottawa and London concerning the treatment of enemy prisoners reveals the political dynamic existing between the two Commonwealth allies as the conflict progressed. Examining intra-Commonwealth relations surrounding the issue of German prisoners and its consequences allows us to highlight the interactions as the basis of this cooperation, and the constraints they imposed on the Canadian government. In so doing, the study shows that the position imposed by the War Office in London regarding its authority over the detention in Canada was strongly questioned by Canadian authorities. These authorities went so far as to reject certain British policies by invoking Canada's national sovereignty. The nationalism defended by the Mackenzie King government, that is the duality of the predominance of Canadian interests and Ottawa's contribution to the allied war effort, clearly influenced the Dominion's positions and its relations with Great Britain. Through discussions about the detention of German soldiers in Canada between 1940 and 1045, Canada's international status emerges as a central issue.
SMART-TECHNOLOGIES IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors:   professor Institute of Arts, culture and sport Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University Almaty, the Republic of Kazakhstan. E-mail: artbura@gmail.com, Abisheva Onal Tokkulovna
Published: October 2018

In this article, the author discusses the problems of using Smart information technologies in the educational process. In current conditions there is a necessity of smart education as a natural trend in contemporary global education: flexibility of education in interactive educational environments; personalization and adaptation of learning; free access to content worldwide. Smart learning is achieved through the use of technological innovation and the Internet, which provides students with the opportunity to acquire professional competences on the basis of a systematic and multidimensional vision of the study subjects with regard to their complexity and continuous content updates. Smart environment for students: smart, interdisciplinary-oriented educational system of lifelong education (school, University, corporate training): – adaptive educational programme, portfolio; more information about students;technology of collaborative learning – creation of knowledge.
Implementasi Web Scrapping pada Website Eduesia.Com untuk Pengukur Kesenjangan Jumlah Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia
Authors: Pramana Yuri , Munggana Wira
Published: October 2018

Education is an important asset for the future of each individual, community, nation, and world. However, not everyone can have the same opportunity as the field of economic and geographic constraints that trigger gaps in the public assessment of the quality of one’s intellectual. Based on data provided by UNESCO, Indonesia recorded no. 4 from other ASEAN countries, in the level of Gross Enrolment Ratio. The research process is intended to form a picture of educational inequality at the college level in every region in Indonesia. This study was made with Web scrapping’s techniques and produce a website that presents a valid and accurate information and analysis of the ratio of Gross Enrolment Ratio to show the level of participation at the college level.

Index Terms - Data Collection, UMN, Web Crawling, Data Cleansing, Web Scrapping.
The Study of Forest Crimes in Adıyaman from Poınt of Forest Law
Authors: BORAZAN Mehmet Alper
Published: October 2018

Özet: Adıyaman Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nde
Orman Suçlarının Ormancılık Hukuku Açısından İncelenmesi isimli yüksek lisans
tezinden yararlanılarak hazırlanan bu makalede, 2010-2014 yılları arasında işletme
müdürlüğü kapsamında  işlenen orman suçları;
otlatma, kaçakçılık, İşgal ve faydalanma ile açma gibi suç teşkil eden hukuki
başlıklar açısından ele alınarak irdelenmiştir. Adıyaman Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü
ve bağlı şeflikler bazında otlatma, açma, orman yangını, kaçakçılık, işgal ve
faydalanma suçları hakkında istatistiki bilgiler verilerek bu suçların
nedenleri üzerinde durulmuş ve bu suçların önlenmesi için  yapılması gerekenler hakkında öneriler
getirilmiştir. Ayrıca,
1956 tarihinden beri uygulamada olan 6831 sayılı Orman Kanunu’na göre verilen cezalar
ile halkın ormanlara bakış açıları hakkında da hukuki tanımlar yapılarak bazı
önemli sayısal bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir. Açma, kaçakçılık, orman emvali nakli,
orman yangını, otlatma gibi birçok konuda işlenen orman suçlarının grafiksel yöntemle
istatistiki gösterimi yapılarak bunlarla ilgili fotoğraflar paylaşılmıştır. Orman
Kanunu’nda belirtilen suç ve cezalara ilişkin olarak orman suçlarına verilen
cezaların yeterliliği veya caydırıcılığı konularında analizler ve
değerlendirmeler yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.Bu
kapsamda, Adıyaman Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü ve bağlı şefliklerde 2010-2014 yıllarında toplam 193 orman suçu meydana geldiği
saptanmıştır. Bu suçlar; 71 Haciz, 31 İşgal ve Faydalanma, 18 Otlatma, 15 Kadastro tespitine İtiraz, 
10 Açma, 10 Orman Yangını, 8
Tazminat, 6 Nakil, 4 Mera Tespitine İtiraz, 4 Ağaç Kesme, 2 Ateş Yakma, 2 Tapu
Tescil,  1 Orman Sınırları Dışına Çıkmaya İtiraz, 1 Maden Ocağı Açma, 1
Menfi Tespit Davası, 1 İdari İşlemin
İptali, 1 Bulundurma, 1 6831 Sayılı Yasaya Muhalefet Suçu, 1 Görevsizlik Kararı, 1 Hizmet Tespitinin Süresi ve 1 Yargılanmanın Yenilenmesi davalarından
meydana gelmiştir. Bu davalardan 132’sinin sonucu belli olmuştur ve karara
bağlanmıştır. Ancak  61 dava henüz sonuçlanmamıştır ve yargısal süreçleri halen devam
etmektedir.

Çalışmadan
elde edilen sonuçlara göre orman suçlarının işlenmesinin temelinde, orman
suçları ve cezalar konusunda kırsal kesim halkının bilgilendirilme ve
bilinçlendirmedeki eksiklikler ile eğitim yetersizliği olduğu görülmüştür.
Bununla birlikte kırsal fakirlik ve geçim sıkıntılarını aşmak amacıyla orman
kaynaklarından gelir yaratmaya yönelik 
birtakım ekonomik nedenlerin de  bulunduğu görülmüştür. Orman suçlarının
azaltılması için özellikle orman köylülerinin mesleki eğitim yoluyla işlendirilmelerinin
sağlanması ve alternatif geçim kaynakları yaratılarak destekleme ve üretim
teşvik mekanizmalarının getirilmesinin gerektiği ve bu çözümlemelerin sorunun
çözümüne önemli katkılar sağlayacağı önerilmektedir.
Determination of Forest Fire Risk Areas in Burdur Province Using Geographical Information Systems
Authors: BİNGÖL Bora
Published: October 2018

Orman yangınları
Akdeniz ülkelerinde başlıca doğal risklerden biridir. Orman yangınları, insan
aktivitelerinin ya da doğal kuvvetlerin neden olup olmadığına bakılmaksızın
gerçek bir yıkım olarak karşımıza çıkar. Yangın hasarlarının azaltılmasındaki
esas orman yangınlarının erken teşhisidir. Orman yangın risk alanlarını
haritalamak yangın sıklığını en aza indirir ve zararları önler.

Akdeniz bölgesindeki orman
yangınları bölgenin coğrafyası, iklim ve bitki örtüsü ile yakından ilişkilidir.
Bölgedeki yoğun nüfus hareketliliği ve yerleşim alanlarının orman içine ve
yakınına kurulmuş olması da bölgedeki orman yangılarının başlıca sebepleridir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı Burdur İli’nin başta insan faktörüne odaklanarak yangın risk
alanlarının haritalanmasıdır. Değerlendirilen parametreler yola ve yerleşime
olan mesafe, bakı, eğim ve vejetasyon türüdür. CBS bu parametrelerle ilgili
olarak gerekli olan analiz ve hesaplamalar için kullanılmıştır. Orman yangın
risk bölgeleri yangın duyarlılık ya da yangına sebep olma kapasitelerine göre
tüm katmanların sınıflarına subjektif ağırlıklar atanarak tarif edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak Burdur İli’nin CBS tabanlı orman yangını risk modeli ortaya
konulmuş ve sonuçlar tartışılmıştır.
ŞEHİR AĞAÇLARINDA KÖK SÜRGÜNÜ PROBLEMİ VE BAZI ÖNERİLER
Authors: Avşar Mahmut D.
Published: October 2018

Kök sürgünleri, bir bitkinin köklerinden gelişen
sürgünlerdir. Bu sürgünler ağaçlarda tabiî olarak ya da çeşitli insan etkileri
sonucunda meydana gelebilmektedir. Kök kesimi, toprağın sıkıştırılması, kuvvetli
budama, kesme, yakma vb. sebepler kök sürgünü oluşumunu teşvik etmektedir.
Ülkemizdeki birçok yerli veya yabancı geniş yapraklı ağaç türü kök sürgünü
verebilmektedir. Şehirlerde istenmeyen bu sürgünler ana ağaca ve çevreye
çeşitli olumsuz etkilerde bulunmakta ve şehir ağaçlarının bakım masraflarını
artırmaktadır. Şehir ağaçlarında öncelikle kök sürgünü oluşumuna yönelik
tedbirler alınmalı; bunun için ağaçların toprak üstü kısımları ile kök
sistemlerine zarar vermekten kaçınılmalı ve kuvvetli budama uygulanmamalıdır.
Kök sürgünleri ortaya çıktığında ise, ana ağaca zarar verilmeden zamanında ve
etkili bir mücadele yapılmalıdır. Büyüme mevsimi boyunca kök sürgünü oluşumu
takip edilmeli ve oluşan kök sürgünleri hemen kesilerek uzaklaştırılmalıdır. Şehir içi ağaçlandırmalarda
kök sürgünü verebilen bir türün kullanımı düşünülüyorsa, karşılaşılabilecek kök
sürgünü problemi ve bu problemi bertaraf edebilmek için gerekli emek ve
masraflar göz önüne alınmalıdır.
Predicting Public Interest Issue Campaign Participation on Social Media
Authors: Won Jungyun , Hon Linda , Lee Ah Ram
Published: October 2018

This study investigates what motivates people to participate in a social media campaign in the context of animal protection issues. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested a proposed research model with survey data from 326 respondents. Situational awareness, participation benefits, and social ties influence were positive predictors of social media campaign participation intentions. Situational awareness also partially mediates the relationship between participation benefits and participation intentions as well as strong ties influence and participation intentions. When designing social media campaigns, public interest communicators should raise situational awareness and emphasize participation benefits. Messages shared through social networks, especially via strong ties, also may be more effective than those posted only on official websites or social networking sites (SNSs).
Long-term macroeconomic processes and conditions for economic growth in Russia
Authors: Manevitch V.
Published: October 2018

The article examines long-term macroeconomic processes that have resulted in the stagnation of the Russian economy. Such processes include the reduction of the marginal efficiency of labor and capital in a number of major activities, the distortion of motivation of investors due to multiple undervaluation of the ruble, the decline in the share of savings in the income of non-financial corporations, cyclical fluctuations in consumer behavior. The author connects possible long-term or cyclic substitution of private sources of investment for resources of the general government with controlling the dynamics of the monetary base, which is considered in the article as the endogenous, dependent variable, not the one that is exogenously set by the monetary authorities.