bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desafios para a permanência de estudantes cotistas na graduação em Terapia Ocupacional
Authors: Correia Ricardo Lopes , Bento Higor José de Alvarenga , Pelosi Miryam Bonadiu , Cabral Isadora Machado
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Políticas de Ação Afirmativa no ensino superior são recentes no Brasil. A respeito dos cursos de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional, observa-se poucas evidências sobre o tema que apoiem o debate e a criação de estratégias de implementação no cotidiano acadêmico de estudantes. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil de estudantes cotistas no curso de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da UFRJ, e os desafios relacionados à permanência no ensino superior, a partir do acesso das Políticas de Assistência Estudantil. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, com abordagem exploratória e descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário online junto a 50 estudantes de graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram organizados e descritos por estatística simples e procedimentos de enunciação, frequência e unidades a partir da abordagem de análise de conteúdo. Resultados e discussão: A maioria das estudantes cotistas foi de mulheres cisgêneras, pretas e pardas, com renda de 1 a 2 salários-mínimos oriundas de escola pública. Há grande incidência de trancamento de disciplinas, decorrentes de problemas de saúde mental e organização da rotina, devido a sobreposição entre curso em período integral e vulnerabilidades socioeconômicas. Considerações finais: A compreensão sobre o perfil sociodemográfico, os tipos de suportes ofertados e acessados, bem como as repercussões da saúde mental, percepção do desempenho acadêmico e manutenção/alteração da vida cotidiana, são tópicos importantes a serem considerados na implementação e acionamento de políticas afirmativas, que ainda são insuficientes devido a desarticulação entre políticas intersetoriais.
A exploração do trabalho infantil no tráfico: percepções dos profissionais do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente
Authors: Santamaria Larissa Mazzotti , Almeida Marta Carvalho de
Published: April 2024

Considering the narratives and perspectives ofadolescents undergoing an open environment socio-educational measure about their experiences in drug trafficking, the technical team that works with them created an educational program to prepare professionals from the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System to recognize this phenomenon as exploitation of child labor. As part of a study aimed at analyzing and improving the method, the conceptions and perceptions of 44 professionals taking part in the program were surveyed using digital questionnaires applied at two different times: before and after taking part in the educational activities. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in the analysis, and changes between the two sets of content were highlighted. After the educative period, clearer and denser perceptions of the complexity of the phenomenon were observed, in convergence with references that show that there is an extensive process of exploitation of child labor and working conditions analogous to slavery, with immediate and prolonged consequences in the sphere of violation of rights. The changes in the professionals’ perceptions suggest that the program can help broaden the professionals’ analytical references, providing a basis for interventions that have a critical impact on the problem.
O O Conceito de Criação na Teoria Peirceana
Authors: Salles Cecília Almeida
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste texto é, em um primeiro momento, fazer uma reflexão sobre o propósito da Crítica Genética — o estudo do processo criativo — para, em seguida, discutir a relação deste propósito com a teoria de Charles Sanders Peirce.
O Protonarrador
Authors: Agra Maria Lucia de S.
Published: April 2024

The object of this study is the development of a theoretic text about the narrative process, having in mind the definition and the characterization of the narrator in construction, besides the verification of his functions.
Sutilezas extraordinárias
Authors: Silva Guilherme Ignácio
Published: April 2024

Tentando dar alguma resposta ãs incongruências do percurso genéti­co de Balança, Trombeta e Battleship, ou, o descobrimento da alma, de Mário de Andrade, o artigo analisa alguns processos de criação servindo-se, sobretudo, da discussão da dinâmica do narrador nos textos.
Orphan GPCR GPRC5C Facilitates Angiotensin II-Induced Smooth Muscle Contraction
Authors: Wang Tianpeng , Shao Jingchen , Kumar Shamit , Alnouri Mohammad Wessam , Carvalho Jorge , Günther Stefan , Krasel Cornelius , Murphy Kate T. , Bünemann Moritz , Offermanns Stefan , Wettschureck Nina
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) play a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractility, but the function of SMC-expressed orphan GPCR class C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) is unclear. The aim of this project is to define the role of GPRC5C in SMC in vitro and in vivo.

METHODS:

We studied the role of GPRC5C in the regulation of SMC contractility and differentiation in human and murine SMC in vitro, as well as in tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice under basal conditions and in vascular disease in vivo.

RESULTS:

Mesenteric arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed ex vivo significantly reduced angiotensin II (Ang II)–dependent calcium mobilization and contraction, whereas responses to other relaxant or contractile factors were normal. In vitro, the knockdown of GPRC5C in human aortic SMC resulted in diminished Ang II-dependent inositol phosphate production and lower myosin light chain phosphorylation. In line with this, tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice showed reduced Ang II–induced arterial hypertension, and acute inactivation of GPRC5C was able to ameliorate established arterial hypertension. Mechanistically, we show that GPRC5C and the Ang II receptor AT1 dimerize, and knockdown of GPRC5C resulted in reduced binding of Ang II to AT1 receptors in HEK293 cells, human and murine SMC, and arteries from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific GPRC5C knockout mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data show that GPRC5C regulates Ang II-dependent vascular contraction by facilitating AT1 receptor-ligand binding and signaling.
A second species of the genus Panolcus Gerstaecker 1860 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini) from French Guiana and Suriname with taxonomic changes in Cryptorhynchini
Authors: ANDERSON ROBERT S.
Published: April 2024

A second species of the genus Panolcus Gerstaecker, 1860 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae: Cryptorhynchini) from French Guiana and Suriname is described and compared with Panolcus scolopax Gerstaecker, 1860. Diagnostic characters and images are provided to facilitate identification. Adults were collected in a fruit of Duguetia surinamensis R.E. Fr. (Annonaceae). The genus Panolcus is transferred from Aedemonina (Cryptorhynchini) to Cryptorhynchina (Cryptorhynchini). The type species of Thrasyomus Pascoe, 1880 is here designated as Thrasyomus tumens Pascoe, 1880 and the species Thrasyomus uniformis Champion, 1905 is transferred from the genus Thrasyomus to Eubulus Kirsch, 1869 as Eubulus uniformis (Champion, 1905), new combination.
8. Western Churches in Nagasaki and Amakusa as Sites of Memory
Authors: Rocha Joanes
Published: April 2024

Joanes Rocha explores the concept of the ‘site of memory’, with a comparative case study of the Japanese cities of Nagasaki and Amakusa, and their nomination for the World Heritage List. Although the study focuses on Catholic churches, it also considers local communities, their private sites and their significant contribution to the preservation of local history and religious practices and traditions. A comparative analysis allows different social, cultural and religious expressions of an intangible nature to be distinguished as a mechanism to strengthen local identity and to develop sustainable tourism in these historic and religious sites with their specific memorial aspects.
Impacts of Stochastic Coalescence Variability on Warm Rain Initiation Using Lagrangian Microphysics in Box and Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Shima Shin-Ichiro , Dziekan Piotr , Grabowski Wojciech W.
Published: April 2024

Various coalescence methods for Lagrangian microphysics schemes are tested in box and large-eddy simulation (LES) models, including the stochastic all-or-nothing (AON) superdroplet method (SDM) and a deterministic version of SDM (dSDM) that applies a fractional approach similar to the average impact method. In LES, variabilities driven by microphysics and by flow realizations are separated using the “piggybacking” technique. Rain initiation averaged over many realizations of the box model is delayed, and rain variability increases as the number of superdrops per collision volume NSD is decreased using SDM. In contrast, rain initiation time using SDM in LES is insensitive to NSD for 32 ≤ NSD ≤ 512. This is explained through the interaction between LES grid boxes, each acting as a separate collision volume. Variability across the ensemble of LES collision volumes using SDM results in rain quickly initiating in some of the LES grid cells at low NSD and leading to a similar overall timing of rain initiation from the cloud compared to simulations with high NSD. There is a ∼20% decrease in the total rain mass and mean rain flux as NSD is increased from 32 to 256, with little additional change as NSD is increased from 256 to 512. The fractional coalescence approach in dSDM leads to reduced microphysical variability and a 15–18-min delay in rain initiation compared to SDM. An additional LES ensemble with microphysical variability feeding back to the dynamics shows that flow variability dominates the impact of microphysical variability on rain properties. Thus, flow variability must be constrained to isolate impacts of microphysical variability.

Significance Statement

An emerging tool in cloud microphysics modeling represents drops by computational particles called “superdroplets” that evolve in the modeled flow. Recent studies have documented that different superdroplet models produce widely varying predictions of rain. Understanding these differences is an important step in the wider adoption of these models by the community. Here, we examine different methods for representing droplet collision-coalescence in a superdroplet model and sensitivity to the number of superdroplets employed. The timing of rain initiation is insensitive to the superdroplet number in 3D cloud simulations, but rain is substantially delayed using a coalescence method that limits random variability in droplet collisions. We also show that flow variability must be constrained to isolate impacts of microphysical variability on rain properties.
Improving the Representation of Moisture and Convective Instability in Baroclinic-Wave Channel Simulations
Authors: Lloveras Daniel J. , Durran Dale R.
Published: April 2024

We present an improved approach to generating moist baroclinically unstable background states for f-plane-channel simulations via potential vorticity (PV) inversion. Previous studies specified PV distributions with constant values in the troposphere and the stratosphere, but this produces unrealistic static-stability profiles that decrease sharply with height in the troposphere. Adding moisture to such environments can yield unrealistically large values of convective available potential energy (CAPE) even for reasonable relative humidity (RH) distributions. In our modified approach, we specify a PV distribution that increases with height in the troposphere and the stratosphere, yielding background states with more realistic values of static stability and CAPE. This modification produces environments that are better suited for representing moist processes, namely, deep convection, in idealized extratropical-cyclone simulations. Also, we present a method for introducing moisture that preserves a specified RH distribution while maintaining hydrostatic balance. Our approach allows for a large degree of control over the initial conditions, as background states with different jet strengths and shapes, average temperatures, moisture contents, or horizontal shears can easily be obtained without changing the underlying PV formula and inadvertently producing unreasonable values of static stability or CAPE. We demonstrate the characteristics of idealized extratropical cyclones developing in our background states by adding localized perturbations that represent an upper-level trough passing over a low-level frontal zone. In particular, we illustrate the impacts of horizontal shear, moisture, and grid spacing on baroclinic-wave development.
From Moral Indignation to Affective Citizenship: Public Shaming of Celebrity Emigration from Russia During the War Against Ukraine
Authors: Lerner Julia , Stephenson Svetlana
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the public shaming campaigns that followed celebrity emigration from Russia at the beginning of the war against Ukraine. It shows that celebrity emigration represented a challenge to the construction of a nation morally and emotionally united around the war. The special status of celebrities in modern society as figures that provide the public with a focus of common identification and attention makes celebrity emigration during the war particularly challenging both for the state authorities and for the public. Through systematic analysis of commentary on social media, the article reveals the communicative process of public shaming of these public figures, which works through acts of revelation of their moral failure and othering, including by highlighting their ethnic and class differences. By expressing moral outrage, individual commenters on social media are not only conducting symbolic destruction of these celebrities’ moral character and social status, but also reconstituting the moral meaning of emigration as an act of betrayal of the Motherland. Using the affordances of social media, ordinary people not only express their outrage but also formulate how they see the proper moral commitments and appropriate feelings of patriotic citizens in wartime. Their moral rhetoric and affective expressions are anchored in the well-established Soviet tradition of public shaming and denunciation. They are also framed by the contemporary context of emotional and confrontational social media campaigns.
Successful Management of Ileorectal Anastomotic Disruption With Off-Label Use of Endoscopic Covered Metallic Stent
Authors: Tran Alex , Davis Donald , Rasheid Sowsan
Published: April 2024

Colorectal surgery poses significant risks, with anastomotic disruption being a severe complication. Traditional management involves surgical intervention, contributing to postoperative morbidity and mortality. In this brief report, we present a 54-year-old woman with a history of diverticulitis, multiple surgeries, and anastomotic leak following ileorectal anastomosis. Attempts at managing anastomotic leaks with more minimally invasive approaches have been successful in esophageal surgery with the use of covered metallic stents. However, this approach has been rarely attempted for the management of colorectal anastomotic leaks. Instead of conventional surgical approaches, we employed an off-label use of an endoscopic covered metallic stent, WallFlex™, to successfully manage the anastomotic disruption. The patient’s recovery was uneventful, highlighting the potential role of stents in select cases.
Safety and Efficacy of Inpatient Infliximab Rescue Therapy for Acute Crohn’s Disease Flares
Authors: Whitlock Ashlyn E. , Arndt Kevin R. , Zakopoulos Iordanis , Wong Daniel J. , Kaul Sumedh , Feuerstein Joseph , Crowell Kristen T. , Messaris Evangelos
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Describe the safety, complications, and need for urgent surgery in patients requiring inpatient rescue infliximab for acute Crohn’s disease (CD) flare.

Background

Infliximab is increasingly used for patients hospitalized with acute severe ulcerative colitis as rescue therapy; however, optimal management for patients hospitalized for CD flares remains unclear.

Methods

A single-institution retrospective study of patients aged 18+ admitted from 2008 to 2020 with acute Crohn’s flare requiring induction of rescue infliximab therapy. Outcomes included postoperative and medication-related complications and need for urgent surgery.

Results

52 patients were included in analysis; 8% required surgery on index admission, and 19% required surgery within 90 days of infliximab. Postoperative complications included 1 anastomotic leak, 3 superficial wound infections, 3 prolonged ileus, and 1 urinary infection. There were no adverse reactions to infliximab infusion, and medical complication rates were low. Patients with penetrating disease were more likely to undergo surgery within 90 days of infliximab (43% vs 8%; P = .01). Mean LOS was longer for patients undergoing surgery within 90 days of therapy compared to those who did not (13.4 vs 8.3 days, P = .04).

Conclusion

Inpatient rescue infliximab is safe for treating acute Crohn’s disease flare in addition to standard steroid therapy. The majority of patients hospitalized with Crohn’s flare requiring rescue infliximab avoided surgery with low postoperative and medication-related complications. More research is needed to clarify the optimal rescue infliximab therapy dosage.
Policymakers’ Abortion Preferences: Understanding the Intersection of Gender and Wealth
Authors: Arriola Leonardo R. , Choi Donghyun Danny , Davis Justine M. , Phillips Melanie L. , Rakner Lise
Published: April 2024

When are politicians willing to liberalize abortion laws? While restricted access to legal abortion affects millions of women around the world, there is relatively little understanding of the factors shaping the views of politicians who craft or uphold such restrictive laws. This study examines the impact of a public health framing commonly employed by activists to persuade politicians to reform abortion laws. We provide evidence that politicians’ preferences toward abortion reforms are shaped by the intersection of gender and wealth. Drawing on a survey experiment conducted among more than 600 politicians in Zambia, we show that only women politicians from less wealthy backgrounds are more likely to support policy liberalization after being exposed to a public health framing. These findings underscore how economic inequalities can affect the substantive representation of women’s interests and provide a baseline for further research on the use of framing strategies in other developing country contexts.
Hijab, Solo Status, Discrimination, and Distress among Muslim Women in the U.S.
Authors: Hashem Hanan M. , Awad Germine H.
Published: April 2024

The current study examined the novel role of solo status, or being the only Muslim in different settings, in the relationship between discrimination and distress for Muslim women in the United States who wear the hijab, the Islamic headscarf, and Muslim women who do not wear the hijab. Psychological distress was examined through symptoms of anxiety, somatization, and paranoia. Results from a sample of 123 Muslim women in the United States showed that the impact of solo status was different for Muslim women who always wear the hijab compared to Muslim women who never wear the hijab. Namely, high solo status exacerbated the impact of discrimination on all psychological symptoms for Muslim women who wear the hijab. In contrast, low solo status compounded the effect of discrimination on all psychological symptoms for Muslim women who never wear the hijab. Given these findings, clinical, training, research, and advocacy implications are discussed.
Social Comparison Processes of Hispanic Students at Hispanic Majority Institutions
Authors: Huynh Ho Phi , Wicks Anastacia , Raya Alena , Castellanos Isabella , Weatherford Dawn R. , Lilley Malin K.
Published: April 2024

This paper describes the types of social comparison used by Hispanic students at a Hispanic Majority Institution through two studies ( N = 406). We found that students engaged in upward identification more often than downward identification, downward contrast, and upward contrast. However, when comparing themselves on an academic measure, downward identification and upward contrast became relatively more frequent. Additionally, downward identification tended to predict higher self-reported confidence about academic abilities than other types of social comparison.
Have We Lost the “Soul” of the Black Church: Returning to Our Roots
Authors: Goodman Charles E.
Published: April 2024

This article critically analyzes the distinctive role and evolution of the Black church, with an emphasis on its preaching traditions and its impact on social and political activism within the Black community. The focus is on the shift from collectivism to individualism within the Black church, exploring its implications for community activism and the perpetuation of structural inequities. By delving into traditions of Black preaching and the historical context of the Black church's activism, the article strives to illustrate the benefits of a more collectivistic approach. Finally, it outlines potential strategies to encourage a return to collectivism, as well as means to counter the persistent structural inequities within the Black community. This examination adds to the discourse on the prevailing influence of religious institutions on societal change and equity.
The Soul of Black Preaching
Authors: Croft Wayne E.
Published: April 2024

This article explores the richness of African American preaching. It contends that preaching is central in African American worship and interweaves aspects of African traditional religion. It reviews certain theological and rhetorical characteristics of Black preaching, such as poetic storytelling, call and response, rhythm, and musical sound. This article further contends that the soul of Black preaching is both an art and a discipline. It is also a historical, life-giving, and empowering entity, reflecting a rich tapestry of culture, communication, inspiration, faith, and empowerment within the African American religious tradition.
IMU-Assisted Manual 3D-Ultrasound Imaging Using Motion-Constrained Swept-Fan Scans
Authors: Harindranath Aparna , Shah Komal , Devadass Dhinagaran , George Arun , Banerjee Krishnan Kajoli , Arora Manish
Published: April 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonic imaging can enable post-facto plane of interest selection. It can be performed with devices such as wobbler probes, matrix probes, and sensor-based probes. Ultrasound systems that support 3D-imaging are expensive with added hardware complexity compared to 2D-imaging systems. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) can potentially be used for 3D-imaging by using it to track the motion of a one-dimensional array probe and constraining its motion in one degree of freedom (1-DoF) rotation (swept-fan). This work demonstrates the feasibility of an affordable IMU-assisted manual 3D-ultrasound scanner (IAM3US). A consumer-grade IMU-assisted 3D scanner prototype is designed with two support structures for swept-fan. After proper IMU calibration, an appropriate KF-based algorithm estimates the probe orientation during the swept-fan. An improved scanline-based reconstruction method is used for volume reconstruction. The evaluation of the IAM3US system is done by imaging a tennis ball filled with water and the head region of a fetal phantom. From fetal phantom reconstructed volumes, suitable 2D planes are extracted for biparietal diameter (BPD) manual measurements. Later, in-vivo data is collected. The novel contributions of this paper are (1) the application of a recently proposed algorithm for orientation estimation of swept-fan for 3D imaging, chosen based on the noise characteristics of selected consumer grade IMU (2) assessment of the quality of the 1-DoF swept-fan scan with a deflection detector along with monitoring of maximum angular rate during the scan and (3) two probe holder designs to aid the operator in performing the 1-DoF rotational motion and (4) end-to-end 3D-imaging system-integration. Phantom studies and preliminary in-vivo obstetric scans performed on two patients illustrate the usability of the system for diagnosis purposes.
The effect of second-language learning experience on Korean listeners’ use of pitch cues in the perception of Cantonese tones
Authors: Qin Zhen , Lee-Kim Sang-Im , Qi Haifeng
Published: April 2024

Past studies have found that the linguistic experience of previously-acquired languages, such as one’s native-language (L1) and second-language (L2) learning experience, modulates the perception of novel sounds from a third language (L3). Lexical tone in L3 is a good case for testing the influence of L1 or L2, as listeners with varying language backgrounds may use different pitch cues (pitch contour or height) in tone perception. The present study focuses on L2 learners of Mandarin whose L1 variety is either Seoul Korean (SK), a non-tonal stressless language, or Gyeongsang Korean (GK), a tonal pitch-accent language. Intermediate-to-advanced SK-speaking and GK-speaking L2 learners of Mandarin were recruited as target groups, and naive listeners of respective L1 varieties were recruited as control groups. The participants completed an AX forced-choice tone discrimination task. Four Cantonese tones, one rising tone and three level tones, were used. Contour–level and level–level tonal contrasts were target tone pairs, allowing for testing the primary use of pitch contour and pitch height, respectively. The results showed that the two groups of naive listeners had greater accuracy in discriminating level–level than contour–level tonal contrasts. In contrast, L2 learners, independent of their L1 varieties, showed higher accuracy in discriminating contour–level than level–level tonal contrasts. The L2 learners’ perceptual pattern is consistent with Mandarin listeners, as reported in previous work. Taken together, the findings provide evidence for a possible developmental change in which Korean-speaking L2 learners might have a perceptual cue shift from pitch height to pitch contour through their L2 experience in Mandarin. The findings about the role of L2 proficiency in Mandarin further supported the effect of L2 experience on learners’ increased use of pitch contour.
No Matter Your Age, “It’s Your Life, It’s Your Choice”: Compulsory Persuasion and Informal Rehabilitative Support in Youth and Adult Intensive Supervision Programs
Authors: Ghebrai Sam , Ballucci Dale
Published: April 2024

Although existing literature identifies that public protection and risk reduction are the primary goals of intensive supervision programs (ISP), little is known about how or whether rehabilitation of high-risk offenders is prioritized outside of enforcing court-mandated conditions. Using qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus groups within two Canadian metropolitan ISPs, our study explores how rehabilitative support is offered to youth and adult high-risk offenders in the absence of formal conditions. Using the framework of late-modern rehabilitation and compulsory persuasion, we draw on themes of offender responsibilization and coercion to interrogate the provision of informal rehabilitative support. Our findings indicate that officers negotiate “voluntary agreements” with select high-risk offenders, which hierarchicalizes them into two groups: those worthy of informal support and those who “choose” not to want to rehabilitate. We also find that youth and adults are treated similarly despite substantive differences between the types of crimes committed.
Static, buckling, and free vibration responses of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams with elastic foundation in non-polynomial framework
Authors: Babar Abhijeet , Sahoo Rosalin
Published: April 2024

In this work, the static, buckling, and free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beam resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation are studied. The secant function-based shear deformation theory (SFSDT) is used for this analysis. This theory fulfills the traction-free boundary conditions at the top and bottom surfaces of the beam, hence there is no need for a shear correction factor. Hamilton’s principle is used to determine the governing differential equations and boundary conditions whereas Navier’s solution technique is used for determining the closed-form solution. The analytical approach is used to examine the deflection, stresses, critical buckling load, and natural frequencies of the FG-CNTRC beam resting on the Pasternak elastic foundation including a shear layer and Winkler springs. To determine the material characteristics of FG-CNTRC beams, the Rule of the mixture is used. Uniform distribution (UD-beam), FG-X beam, FG-O beam, and FG-V beam are the different forms of CNT reinforcement distribution that are used in this study. Considering different span thickness ratios, the volume fraction and distribution of CNT, the Winkler spring, and the shear layer constant factors, all the structural responses are predicted. It is also observed that the present theory predicts the structural responses of the FG-CNTRC beam accurately when compared to other existing theories. A few new results are also included as the benchmark solutions for the new research.
Perturbation of Residential Preferences by COVID-19 Shocks in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Shakib Saeed , Hawkins Jason , Habib Khandker Nurul
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the immediate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on residential preferences in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada, using a stated preference (SP) survey dataset. The study examines changes in relocation preferences and trends in the GTA after the Ontario government lifted the initial lockdown. The obtained choice data is then modeled using a mixed cross-nested logit model to find substitution patterns across regions and dwelling types, as well as explore residents’ preferences for different dwelling characteristics and the accessibility of their residence, including factors such as telecommuting options. The results reveal that the pandemic caused short-term residential dissonance, with residents tending to want to move to lower-density areas to relocate to their preferred dwelling type, emphasizing telecommuting as a key factor influencing residential relocation preferences. Housing qualities were prioritized over accessibility. The study also found heterogeneous behavior among GTA residents with regard to telecommuting as a factor in residential relocation. The study’s findings are relevant for planners and policymakers in anticipating the potential long-term pandemic-induced home relocation decisions and their impact on future household travel behavior, particularly with regard to telecommuting and accessibility.
Assessment of genotoxicity biomarkers in gasoline station attendants due to occupational exposure
Authors: Elkama Aylin , Şentürk Kerem , Karahalil Bensu
Published: April 2024

Gasoline station attendants are exposed to numerous chemicals that might have genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, such as benzene in fuel vapor and particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust emission. According to IARC, benzene and diesel particulates are Group 1 human carcinogens, and gasoline has been classified as Group 2A “possibly carcinogenic to humans.” At gas stations, self-service is not implemented in Turkey; fuel-filling service is provided entirely by employees, and therefore they are exposed to those chemicals in the workplace during all working hours. Genetic monitoring of workers with occupational exposure to possible genotoxic agents allows early detection of cancer. We aimed to investigate the genotoxic damage due to exposures in gasoline station attendants in Turkey. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the Comet, chromosomal aberration, and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assays in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Gasoline station attendants ( n = 53) had higher tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment values than controls ( n = 61). In gasoline station attendants ( n = 46), the frequencies of chromatid gaps, chromosome gaps, and total aberrations were higher compared with controls ( n = 59). Increased frequencies of micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges were determined in gasoline station attendants ( n = 47) compared with controls ( n = 40). Factors such as age, duration of working, and smoking did not have any significant impact on genotoxic endpoints. Only exposure increased genotoxic damage in gasoline station attendants independently from demographic and clinical characteristics. Occupational exposure-related genotoxicity risk may increase in gasoline station attendants who are chronically exposed to gasoline and various chemicals in vehicle exhaust emissions.
Findings from the Promoting Independence in Dementia App (PRIDE-app) Study a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework Discussion
Authors: Lee Abigail Rebecca , McDermott Orii , Orrell Martin
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Self-management is pivotal in helping people with their independence and in managing their health conditions more effectively. The PRIDE-app is a novel online intervention, providing support and information for people living with dementia and their families, aimed at increasing self-management and improving quality of life. Knowledge generated will help inform future developments to the app, with the aim of improving its uptake and implementation in services.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach incorporating the RE-AIM framework. Recruited 25 people living with dementia, of which 17completed the PRIDE-app intervention over 8 weeks with support from a dementia adviser facilitator. Measures exploring mood, physical well-being, and quality of life were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months and analysed through modelled analysis. Post-intervention interviews were conducted with participants and facilitators and analysed through thematic analysis.

Results

Quantitative results did not show significant improvements in participants’ scores. Qualitative data showed that the PRIDE-app motivated people to reconnect socially and set individual goals for activities. Participants and facilitators identified areas for improvements to the app interface and delivery format.

Conclusions

This study evaluated the PRIDE-app’s reach, effectiveness and adoptability in the independence and quality of life of people living with dementia, as well as how it could be implemented and maintained within services. Pre- and post-intervention scores were inconclusive. Interviews provided positive feedback of the app’s influence on peoples’ activities and mood.
Unorthodox Information Sources of Coping With the COVID-19 Crisis in the Ultra-Orthodox Society
Authors: Levine David , Gazit Tali
Published: April 2024

This study examines the role of information sources in the ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) Jewish community’s coping with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Israel by comparing their use of digital versus traditional information platforms. The study examined coping with COVID-19, considering explanatory variables such as Community Sense of Coherence (C-SOC), Internet usage, and other demographic variables. Using an online survey, 212 participants responded who identified as ultra-Orthodox and had access to the Internet, of which 47.2% were women and 52.8% were men, with a mean age of 37.66 ( SD = 12.60). Findings showed that the emotional and cognitive coping levels of members of ultra-Orthodox society with COVID-19 utilizing digital information sources were significantly better than those among community members using traditional information sources. Furthermore, the more the Internet was used for information or social needs, the more digital information sources helped community members cope with the crisis from an emotional and cognitive viewpoint. Conversely, the more participants felt that ultra-Orthodox society is a significant factor that helps them face life’s challenges (C-SOC), the better they coped with the pandemic utilizing traditional information sources. This study presents a novel, previously unstudied approach to ultra-Orthodox society’s coping methods with a worldwide crisis, whether through digital or traditional information sources. The study’s findings emphasize the need to make reliable and timely digital information accessible to this community, especially during a crisis, while respecting the culture and values of ultra-Orthodox society.
Modeling and analysis of center-steering characteristics of variable-configuration wheel-track unmanned ground vehicle based on dynamic resistance
Authors: Tang Yuanjiang , Wang Wenhao , Chen Guanpeng , Xu Xiaojun , Zou Tengan
Published: April 2024

The variable-configuration wheel-track unmanned ground vehicle (VCWT-UGV) has both fast-moving speed on structured roads and strong passing ability on even roads. Steering dynamics analysis is the theoretical basis to ensure that the UGV can still maintain high maneuverability in complex environments. Based on the elastic-plastic deformation characteristics of the soil on the soft road, considering the dynamic changes in resistance and resistance torque caused by soil accumulation on the wheel side during the center-steering process of UGV. Firstly, MBD-EDM co-simulation is conducted to qualitatively analyze the characteristics of soil accumulation on the wheel side during the steering process. Then, based on the terramechanics characteristics of the locomotion mechanism, the kinematic characteristics of the UGV during center-steering are analyzed, and the mathematical model of soil accumulation on the wheel side is established. Furthermore, the dynamic model of the vehicle center-steering with lateral resistance changes is established, and the accuracy of the model is validated through tests. Based on a validated theoretical model, the changes in resistance, resistance torque, and power during the steering process are analyzed. Based on the analysis results, by adjusting the wheel deflection angle, the driving configuration and the motion modes of VCWT-UGV, the steering power efficiency of VCWT-UGV can reach 71.67%. The research results provide a valuable reference for the lateral dynamic modeling of general UGVs on unstructured roads.
Non-stationary Bayesian spatial model for disease mapping based on sub-regions
Authors: Abdul-Fattah Esmail , Krainski Elias , Van Niekerk Janet , Rue Håvard
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to extend the Besag model, a widely used Bayesian spatial model in disease mapping, to a non-stationary spatial model for irregular lattice-type data. The goal is to improve the model’s ability to capture complex spatial dependence patterns and increase interpretability. The proposed model uses multiple precision parameters, accounting for different intensities of spatial dependence in different sub-regions. We derive a joint penalized complexity prior to the flexible local precision parameters to prevent overfitting and ensure contraction to the stationary model at a user-defined rate. The proposed methodology can be used as a basis for the development of various other non-stationary effects over other domains such as time. An accompanying R package fbesag equips the reader with the necessary tools for immediate use and application. We illustrate the novelty of the proposal by modeling the risk of dengue in Brazil, where the stationary spatial assumption fails and interesting risk profiles are estimated when accounting for spatial non-stationary. Additionally, we model different causes of death in Brazil, where we use the new model to investigate the spatial stationarity of these causes.
Cardiac Troponin I as an Early Prognostic Indicator in Asphyxiated Neonates
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Ram Kshitij , Dayal Rajeshwar , Yadav Poonam , Goyal Anamika
Published: April 2024

Background

Myocardial damage, estimated to occur in 28%–73% of asphyxiated neonates, 1 is a major cause of mortality in perinatal asphyxia, and survivors can show significant myocardial morbidity as well. 2

Study Setting and Design

This study is a hospital-based prospective cohort study, done at the pediatrics department of a tertiary care hospital in northern India, from December 2020 to June 2022.

Materials and Methods

40 asphyxiated neonates with an APGAR score of <7 at 1 minute of life, as per the WHO–Neonatal Perinatal Database, were included in the study. They were graded as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe) based on Sarnat and Sarnat staging. The blood samples at 0 and 6 hours of life were taken for studying successive changes in the values of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and creatinine phospho-kinase-myocardium-bound (CPK-MB). These were compared with various parameters such as electrocardiograph (ECG) findings, 2D-ECHO abnormalities, HIE severity, and outcome.

Results

Among the two biomarkers that were assessed, hs-cTnI had the highest diagnostic value for detecting myocardial injury and was corelated with the severity of HIE and higher chances of death.

Conclusion

The troponin I levels, in contrast to CPK-MB levels, were significantly associated with the outcome of the patient, implying that asphyxiated babies with elevated troponin I levels have a poorer prognosis and a higher mortality rate.
Top Management Commitment as a Moderator in the Relationship Between Green Banking Adoption Practices and Performance: Evidence from India
Authors: Newton Saromi , Susainathan Sahayaselvi , George Hesil Jerda , Quttainah Majdi , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: April 2024

This article aims to investigate the relationship between green banking adoption practices and performance. A conceptual model has been developed to test the moderating effect of top management commitment in the relationship between green banking adoption practices and performance in a lower-middle-income country context, that is, India. Using a survey instrument, data were collected from 393 employees working in banks in southern India. First, the psychometric properties of the survey instrument were checked using LISREL software for structural equation modelling. Second, the hypothesised relationships were tested using hierarchical regression and double-checked with path analysis. The findings indicate that green banking adoption practices are precursors to environmental, operational and financial performance. The results also provide support for the moderating effect of top management commitment in the relationship between green banking adoption practices and (a) environmental performance, (b) operational performance and (c) financial performance. The green adoption practices encompass a range of initiatives to reduce environmental impact, promote sustainability and address climate change concerns. Top management commitment is at the forefront of driving these practices, which plays a pivotal role in shaping organisational strategies and fostering a culture of sustainability. To the best of our knowledge, the model developed is the first of its kind, particularly in the context of banks in India. Investigating the interaction effect of top management commitment in enhancing performance is a novel idea and significantly contributes to the literature on sustainability. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Orchestrating Care: A Grounded Theory Study of Family Caregiving for Older Adults in Rural Areas
Authors: Michaels Jacqueline A. , Meeker Mary Ann
Published: April 2024

Family caregivers provide the majority of long-term care and support of older adults as they age or approach the end of life. Studies often refer to family caregivers as invisible because the American healthcare system, public policy, and society do not support or recognize their work. Family caregivers who provide care to older adults who live in rural areas face unique challenges due to the rural environment. The purpose of this study was to inductively develop a theoretical framework that explains the process of family caregiving to older adults who live at home in rural areas and require daily assistance while exploring their experiences regarding access, utilization, challenges, and effectiveness of patient healthcare services and caregiver resources in rural areas. The grounded theory method of Strauss and Corbin was used for sampling, data collection, and data analysis. Fifteen family caregivers who oversaw and/or provided care on a daily basis to an older adult living in two rural counties of New York State participated in the study. Data were collected through two semi-structured interviews with each participant, yielding 30 interviews. Findings revealed that family caregivers engaged in the process of orchestrating care by growing into caregiving, integrating technology, and utilizing networks when providing and managing caregiving. Understanding caregiving from the perspective of family caregivers engaged in the process can inform healthcare practice, healthcare education, and public policy and can support better outcomes for both older adults and their family caregivers.
Moving the Needle: A Qualitative Exploration of the School Nurses’ Experience with Virginia's Human Papillomavirus Mandate
Authors: McNally Kimberly , Weinstein Ali , Lindley Lisa , Wallin Robin , Roess Amira
Published: April 2024

In all US localities, students provide proof of compliance with vaccination requirements to attend school. Despite benefits, vaccine legislation remains contentious. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for adolescents and prevents cancer, but its inclusion in school immunization requirements is challenged. Virginia was the first state to mandate HPV vaccination. HPV is the only required vaccine in VA that allows caregivers to elect out. School nurses are trusted members of communities and enforce vaccine compliance. This study aims to understand Virginia school nurses’ practice in implementing the HPV vaccine mandate through the exploration of their subjective experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis using the socioecological model guided data analysis. Factors that influence nursing practice were identified at all socioecological model levels The data from this study is intended to provide an understanding of school nursing practice so that interventions to improve HPV vaccination rates can be developed.
Clinical outcomes and clinico-pathological correlations in children with MPO-ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis showing renal arteritis
Authors: Zhang Pei , Yan Shi-jun , Hu Jian , Liu Hai-peng , Xia Wei , Yang Meng , Kuang Qian-huining , Shi Kai-li , Fu Meng-zhen , Gao Chun-lin , Xia Zheng-kun
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, pathological characteristics, and prognosis in myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (AAGN) with renal arteritis. The study involved 97 children from five pediatric clinical centers with MPO-AAGN who exhibited distinct clinical features. The patients were divided into AAGN-A+ and AAGN-A−, based on the presence or absence of arteritis, and the disparities in clinical, histopathological characteristics, and prognosis between the two groups was evaluated. In contrast to the AAGN-A− group, the children in the AAGN-A+ group exhibited more pronounced clinical symptoms and renal pathological injury. Arteritis positively moderately correlated with the serum creatinine, interleukin-6, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, negatively moderately correlated with serum complement C3. The renal survival rate in the AAGN-A+ group was significantly poorer than AAGN-A− group (χ2 = 4.278, p = 0.039). Arteritis showed a good predictive value for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and C3 deposition, ANCA renal risk score and arteritis were independent risk factors for the development of ESKD in children with MPO-AAGN. Arteritis is a significant pathological change observed in children with MPO-AAGN, and the formation of arteritis may be related to the inflammatory response and activation of the complement system.