bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum dephasing induced by non-Markovian random telegraph noise
Authors: Cai Xiangji
Published: January 2020

We theoretically study the dynamical dephasing of a quantum two level system interacting with an environment which exhibits non-Markovian random telegraph fluctuations. The time evolution of the conditional probability of the environmental noise is governed by a generalized master equation depending on the environmental memory effect. The expression of the dephasing factor is derived exactly which is closely associated with the memory kernel in the generalized master equation for the conditional probability of the environmental noise. In terms of three important types memory kernels, we discuss the quantum dephasing dynamics of the system and the non-Markovian character exhibiting in the dynamical dephasing induced by non-Markovian random telegraph noise. We show that the dynamical dephasing of the quantum system does not always exhibit non-Markovian character which results from that the non-Markovian character in the dephasing dynamics depends both on the environmental non-Markovian character and the interaction between the system and environment. In addition, the dynamical dephasing of the quantum system can be modulated by the external modulation frequency of the environment. This result is significant to quantum information processing and helpful for further understanding non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems.
Establishment of sperm cryopreservation and in vitro fertilisation protocols for rats
Authors: Nakagata Naomi , Mikoda Nobuyuki , Nakao Satohiro , Nakatsukasa Ena , Takeo Toru
Published: January 2020

Recently, genome-editing tools have come into common use in the field of rat research, and consequently, many genetically modified rat strains have been preserved and archived as frozen embryos. Although there have been many reports published on the topic of rat sperm cryopreservation, no report has yet provided satisfactory and acceptable protocols for the cryopreservation of rat sperm. In this study, we developed methods for both the cryopreservation of transgenic rat sperm and in vitro fertilisation using frozen sperm, which yielded high fertilisation rates.
High order mode structure of intense light fields generated via a laser-driven relativistic plasma aperture
Authors: Duff M. J. , Wilson R. , King M. , Gonzalez-Izquierdo B. , Higginson A. , Williamson S. D. R. , Davidson Z. E. , Capdessus R. , Booth N. , Hawkes S. , Neely D. , Gray R. J. , McKenna P.
Published: January 2020

The spatio-temporal and polarisation properties of intense light is important in wide-ranging topics at the forefront of extreme light-matter interactions, including ultrafast laser-driven particle acceleration, attosecond pulse generation, plasma photonics, high-field physics and laboratory astrophysics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate modifications to the polarisation and temporal properties of intense light measured at the rear of an ultrathin target foil irradiated by a relativistically intense laser pulse. The changes are shown to result from a superposition of coherent radiation, generated by a directly accelerated bipolar electron distribution, and the light transmitted due to the onset of relativistic self-induced transparency. Simulations show that the generated light has a high-order transverse electromagnetic mode structure in both the first and second laser harmonics that can evolve on intra-pulse time-scales. The mode structure and polarisation state vary with the interaction parameters, opening up the possibility of developing this approach to achieve dynamic control of structured light fields at ultrahigh intensities.
Mental models use common neural spatial structure for spatial and abstract content
Authors: Alfred Katherine L. , Connolly Andrew C. , Cetron Joshua S. , Kraemer David J. M.
Published: January 2020

Mental models provide a cognitive framework allowing for spatially organizing information while reasoning about the world. However, transitive reasoning studies often rely on perception of stimuli that contain visible spatial features, allowing the possibility that associated neural representations are specific to inherently spatial content. Here, we test the hypothesis that neural representations of mental models generated through transitive reasoning rely on a frontoparietal network irrespective of the spatial nature of the stimulus content. Content within three models ranges from expressly visuospatial to abstract. All mental models participants generated were based on inferred relationships never directly observed. Here, using multivariate representational similarity analysis, we show that patterns representative of mental models were revealed in both superior parietal lobule and anterior prefrontal cortex and converged across stimulus types. These results support the conclusion that, independent of content, transitive reasoning using mental models relies on neural mechanisms associated with spatial cognition.
Cytosine base editor 4 but not adenine base editor generates off-target mutations in mouse embryos
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Smith Harold E. , Liu Chengyu , Willi Michaela , Hennighausen Lothar
Published: January 2020

Deaminase base editing has emerged as a tool to install or correct point mutations in the genomes of living cells in a wide range of organisms. However, the genome-wide off-target effects introduced by base editors in the mammalian genome have been examined in only one study. Here, we have investigated the fidelity of cytosine base editor 4 (BE4) and adenine base editors (ABE) in mouse embryos using unbiased whole-genome sequencing of a family-based trio cohort. The same sgRNA was used for BE4 and ABE. We demonstrate that BE4-edited mice carry an excess of single-nucleotide variants and deletions compared to ABE-edited mice and controls. Therefore, an optimization of cytosine base editors is required to improve its fidelity. While the remarkable fidelity of ABE has implications for a wide range of applications, the occurrence of rare aberrant C-to-T conversions at specific target sites needs to be addressed.
Fluorescent glycoconjugates and their applications
Authors: Thomas Baptiste , Yan Kai-Cheng , Hu Xi-Le , Donnier-Maréchal Marion , Chen Guo-Rong , He Xiao-Peng , Vidal Sébastien
Published: January 2020

Fluorescent glycoconjugates are discussed for their applications in biology in vitro, in cell assays and in animal models. Advantages and limitations are presented for each design using a fluorescent core conjugated with glycosides, or vice versa.
Mathematical chromatography deciphers the molecular fingerprints of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Wünsch Urban J. , Hawkes Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2020

Mathematical chromatography offers information reduction and feature extraction in complex liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry datasets.
Accurate and sensitive detection of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Ma Hong , Qian Xing-Kai , Zhang Jing , Jin Qiang , Zou Li-Wei , Liu Shu-Qing , Ge Guang-Bo
Published: January 2020

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), an important prolyl-specific peptidase in the serine hydrolase family, hydrolyzes a large number of endogenous oligopeptides.
Bioinspired surfaces with wettability: biomolecule adhesion behaviors
Authors: Fan Haifeng , Guo Zhiguang
Published: January 2020

This contribution reviewed the influences of surface extreme wettability on biomolecule adhesion behaviors, which is expected to bring a new perspective in the application of wettability to biomaterials.
Sign inversions of circularly polarized luminescence for helical compounds by chemically fine-tuning operations
Authors: Lin Wei-Bin , He Dong-Qiang , Lu Hai-Yan , Hu Zhi-Qiang , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: January 2020

Sign inversions of CPL by fine-tuning operations on structures of helical compounds were realized by one step-oxidation or TPA-modification.
A high voltage aqueous zinc–manganese battery using a hybrid alkaline-mild electrolyte
Authors: Fan Weijia , Liu Fei , Liu Yu , Wu Zhixian , Wang Lili , Zhang Yi , Huang Qinghong , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping
Published: January 2020

By using a hybrid alkaline-mild electrolyte, the as-assembled battery receives high open voltage and delivers high energy density.
Control of polymorphism in thiophene derivatives by sublimation-aided nanostructuring
Authors: Gentili Denis , Manet Ilse , Liscio Fabiola , Barbalinardo Marianna , Milita Silvia , Bettini Cristian , Favaretto Laura , Melucci Manuela , Fraleoni-Morgera Alessandro , Cavallini Massimiliano
Published: January 2020

Here we applied the concept of “sublimation-aided nanostructuring” to control the polymorphism of a model material.
Copper-catalyzed non-directed hydrosilylation of cyclopropenes: highly diastereoselective synthesis of fully substituted cyclopropylsilanes
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian , Wang Ying , Li Yanfei , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: January 2020

The non-directed hydrosilylation of cyclopropenes with earth-abundant and environmentally benign base metal catalysis was described.
The growth behavior of columnar grains in a TiAl alloy during directional induction heat treatments
Authors: Liu Yangli , Xue Xiang , Fang Hongze , Tan Yingmei , Chen Ruirun , Su Yanqing , Guo Jingjie
Published: January 2020

In the process of DHT, the curving grain boundary will move towards curvature center of grain under the action of interface tension.
Concerted hydrolysis mechanism of HIV-1 natural substrate against subtypes B and C-SA PR: insight through molecular dynamics and hybrid QM/MM studies
Authors: Sanusi Zainab K. , Lawal Monsurat M. , Govender Thavendran , Baijnath Sooraj , Naicker Tricia , Maguire Glenn E. M. , Honarparvar Bahareh , Kruger Hendrik G.
Published: January 2020

Graphical representation of the concerted acyclic transition model of an HIV-1 natural substrate using the two-layered ONIOM (B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p):AMBER) method.
Multilevel resistive switching memory behaviors arising from ion diffusion and photoelectron transfer in α-Fe2O3 nano-island arrays
Authors: Ren Zhijun , Zhou Guangdong , Wei Shiqiang
Published: January 2020

Resistive switching (RS) memory behaviors are observed in an Ag|α-Fe2O3|Ti device after operating under an ultralow bias voltage of ±0.1 V.
Correction: p-Type conductivity mechanism and defect structure of nitrogen-doped LiNbO3 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zhong Yang , Zheng Dahuai , Liu Hongde , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Lixin , Rupp Romano , Xu Jingjun
Published: January 2020

Correction for ‘p-Type conductivity mechanism and defect structure of nitrogen-doped LiNbO3 from first-principles calculations’ by Weiwei Wang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 20–27.
Hydrodeoxygenation of lignocellulose-derived oxygenates to diesel or jet fuel range alkanes under mild conditions
Authors: Li Kui , Zhou Feng , Liu Xiaohao , Ma Huixia , Deng Jin , Xu Guangyue , Zhang Ying
Published: January 2020

This work provided an efficient way to produce diesel or jet fuel range alkanes under mild conditions from lignocellulose-derived oxygenates.
Syntheses of cucurbit[6]uril-based metal–organic rotaxane networks by the anion regulation strategy and their proton conduction properties
Authors: Wu Xue-Song , Cheng Dong-Ming , Wang Xin-Long , Sun Jing , Zang Hong-Ying , Su Zhong-Min
Published: January 2020

Two CB[6]-based metal–organic rotaxane networks were constructed by the anion regulation strategy and their proton conduction properties were investigated in detail.
Complexes of oxoplatin with rhein and ferulic acid ligands as platinum(iv) prodrugs with high anti-tumor activity
Authors: Tan Ming-Xiong , Wang Zhen-Feng , Qin Qi-Pin , Zou Bi-Qun , Liang Hong
Published: January 2020

The rhein PtIV prodrug Pt3 induced apoptosis through the dysfunction of the mitochondria and displayed more effective inhibitory effects in vivo than cisplatin.
‘All in one’ photo-reactor pod containing TiO2 coated glass beads and LEDs for continuous photocatalytic destruction of cyanotoxins in water
Authors: Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , Pestana Carlos J. , Skillen Nathan , Hui Jianing , Saravanan S. , Edwards Christine , Irvine John T. S. , Robertson Peter K. J. , Lawton Linda A.
Published: January 2020

To tackle one of the Global Challenges of providing clean water, an ‘all in one’ photo reactor pod is designed carrying a supported benign photo-catalyst (TiO2) and an UV-LED light source which is utilised continuously to remove cyanotoxins in water.
Cycloamination strategies for renewable N-heterocycles
Authors: Li Hu , Guo Haixin , Fang Zhen , Aida Taku Michael , Smith Richard Lee
Published: January 2020

Efficient amination strategies for synthesis of N-heterocycles from functional molecules (bottom-up) or from biomass (top-down) via sustainable C–N/C–X bond chemistry.
Layer-by-layer fabrication of 3D hydrogel structures using open microfluidics
Authors: Lee Ulri N. , Day John H. , Haack Amanda J. , Bretherton Ross C. , Lu Wenbo , DeForest Cole A. , Theberge Ashleigh B. , Berthier Erwin
Published: January 2020

Our simple, robust, open microfluidic 3D hydrogel patterning method fabricates complex structures while minimizing material waste.
Time-resolved microfluidic flow cytometer for decoding luminescence lifetimes in the microsecond region
Authors: Wang Yan , Sayyadi Nima , Zheng Xianlin , Woods Travis A. , Leif Robert C. , Shi Bingyang , Graves Steven W. , Piper James A. , Lu Yiqing
Published: January 2020

Time-resolved luminescence detection using long-lived probes with lifetimes in the microsecond region have shown great potential in ultrasensitive and multiplexed bioanalysis.
A structure-free digital microfluidic platform for detection of influenza a virus by using magnetic beads and electromagnetic forces
Authors: Lu Po-Hsien , Ma Yu-Dong , Fu Chien-Yu , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: January 2020

A new type of digital microfluidic platform for influenza A H1N1 virus detection by utilizing a one-aptamer/two-antibodies assay on magnetic beads was reported.
Structural considerations for physical hydrogels based on polymer–nanoparticle interactions
Authors: Yu Anthony C. , Smith Anton A. A. , Appel Eric A.
Published: January 2020

Designing supramolecular hydrogels for complex translational applications requires the ability to engineer viscoelasticity and flow behaviour at the bulk scale as well as the network structure at the nano and micro scales.
Observation of critical magnetic behavior in 2D carbon based composites
Authors: Shukla Vineeta
Published: January 2020

This review article discusses the magnetic interactions attained by 2D carbon related materials.
Understanding the role of zinc dithiocarbamate complexes as single source precursors to ZnS nanomaterials
Authors: Islam Husn-Ubayda , Roffey Anna , Hollingsworth Nathan , Bras Wim , Sankar Gopinathan , De Leeuw Nora H. , Hogarth Graeme
Published: January 2020

Heating [Zn(S2CNiBu2)2] in oleylamine affords high aspect ratio nanowires of ZnS and in situ XAS studies of the decomposition of [Zn(S2CNMe2)2] give insight into mechanistic aspects of the molecular transformations.
A highly reliable, impervious and sustainable triboelectric nanogenerator as a zero-power consuming active pressure sensor
Authors: Vivekananthan Venkateswaran , Chandrasekhar Arunkumar , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Purusothaman Yuvasree , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: January 2020

A water proof silicone elastomer based triboelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical energy scavenging and a zero-power consuming/self-powered pressure sensor.
Ultrafine PdAg nanoparticles immobilized on nitrogen-doped carbon/cerium oxide for superior dehydrogenation of formic acid
Authors: Yin Bing , Zhao Erfa , Hua Xianle , Wang Kai , Wang Wenqi , Li Guicun , Liu Tong
Published: January 2020

Ultrafine PdAg NPs with the size of 2.5 nm are successfully immobilized on cerium oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon.
Synthesis of the first chiral polynuclear copper(i) complex based on (R)-1-(1-phenyl)ethyl-3-(O,O-diethylthiophosphoryl)thiourea and its characterization in the solid state and solution
Authors: Metlushka Kirill E. , Sadkova Dilyara N. , Nikitina Kristina A. , Pashagin Alexander V. , Khrizanforov Mikhail N. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Morozov Vladimir I. , Islamov Daut R. , Latypov Shamil K. , Kataeva Olga N. , Alfonsov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2020

The reaction of chiral N-thiophosphorylated thiourea with Cu(ii) acetate is accompanied by copper reduction and leads to the formation of a polynuclear complex with the core composed of six Cu(i) ions alternating with sulfur atoms.
A procalcitonin photoelectrochemical immunosensor: NCQDs and Sb2S3 co-sensitized hydrangea-shaped WO3 as a matrix through a layer-by-layer assembly
Authors: Liu Xin , Bao Chunzhu , Shao Xinrong , Zhang Yong , Zhang Nuo , Sun Xu , Fan Dawei , Wei Qin , Ju Huangxian
Published: January 2020

Electron-transfer mechanism of a PEC immunosensor based on WO3/NCQDs/Sb2S3 composites in PBS electrolytes containing AA.
3D printing of bioinspired textured surfaces with superamphiphobicity
Authors: Yan Changyou , Jiang Pan , Jia Xin , Wang Xiaolong
Published: January 2020

The advances in 3D printing of bioinspired textured surfaces with superamphiphobicity are summarized.
Selenium-rich nickel cobalt bimetallic selenides with core–shell architecture enable superior hybrid energy storage devices
Authors: Liu Yi-Lin , Yan Cheng , Wang Gui-Gen , Li Fei , Kang Qi , Zhang Hua-Yu , Han Jie-Cai
Published: January 2020

Selenide-rich bimetallic selenide spheres with core–shell nanostructure were rationally designed and synthesized towards superior battery-supercapacitor hybrid device as the cathode electrode by selenizing hydrothermal-derived Ni–Co spheres.
Photeroids A and B, unique phenol–sesquiterpene meroterpenoids from the deep-sea-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa
Authors: Chen Shanchong , Liu Zhaoming , Tan Haibo , Chen Yuchan , Zhu Shuang , Liu Hongxin , Zhang Weimin
Published: January 2020

Photeroids A (1) and B (2), two structurally fascinating meroterpenoids, were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Phomopsis tersa FS441.
Synthesis of a furfural-based DOPO-containing co-curing agent for fire-safe epoxy resins
Authors: Xie Weiqi , Huang Shiwen , Tang Donglin , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing
Published: January 2020

A novel furfural-based DOPO-containing flame retardant MBF-DOPO was successfully synthesized and acted as a co-curing agent for fire-safe epoxy resins.
Integrated microbiome–metabolome analysis reveals novel associations between fecal microbiota and hyperglycemia-related changes of plasma metabolome in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dong Lina , Han Lingna , Duan Tao , Lin Shumei , Li Jianguo , Liu Xiaojing
Published: January 2020

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with circulating metabolic disorders and alterations in gut microbiota, respectively.
Exploring the metabolic biomarkers and pathway changes in crucian under carbonate alkalinity exposure using high-throughput metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS
Authors: Sun Yan-chun , Han Shi-cheng , Yao Ming-zhu , Liu Hong-bai , Wang Yu-mei
Published: January 2020

We explore the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes accompanying the adaptive evolution of crucian subjected to carbonate alkalinity exposure, using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, in order to understand the molecular physiological mechanisms of saline–alkali tolerance.
Colorectal cancer stem cells: a review of targeted drug delivery by gold nanoparticles
Authors: Mohd-Zahid Manali Haniti , Mohamud Rohimah , Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim , Lim JitKang , Alem Halima , Wan Hanaffi Wan Nurhidayah , Z. A. Iskandar
Published: January 2020

The proposed schematic mechanismviawhich 5-fluorouracil-loaded gold nanoparticles conjugated with CD133 antibody target colorectal cancer stem cells.
Retracted Article: Circular RNA PTK2 modifies the progression and radiosensitivity in gastric cancer via miR-369-3p/ZEB1 axis
Authors: Liu Yuqiang , Yao Kun , Zhang Ke , Wang Jianping , Dai Qiang , Wang Rong
Published: January 2020

Circular RNA PTK2 regulates the cell proliferation, apoptosis, mobility and radiosensitivity via ZEB1 by sponging miR-369-3p in gastric cancer.
Switch on fluorescence mode for determination of l-cysteine with carbon quantum dots and Au nanoparticles as a probe
Authors: Chen Yuye , Qin Xiu , Yuan Chunling , Wang Yilin
Published: January 2020

We demonstrated a fluorescence probe composed of CQDs and AuNPs for switch on detection of Cys, where CQDs as fluorescence reporters and AuNPs as fluorescence quenchers were chosen.
Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR)
Authors: Baszczyňski Ondřej , Watt Joanna M. , Rozewitz Monika D. , Fliegert Ralf , Guse Andreas H. , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: January 2020

Pyrophosphate replacement using phosphonoacetate isosteres – tools to study biological targets of ADPR.
A LiPO2F2/LiPF6 dual-salt electrolyte enabled stable cycling performance of nickel-rich lithium ion batteries
Authors: Liu Lili , Gu Shijie , Wang Shili , Zhang Xiuyun , Chen Shimou
Published: January 2020

The LiPO2F2/LiPF6 dual-salt electrolyte can significantly enhance the cycling performance of NCM811/Li cells.
Catalytic performance and deactivation of Ni/MCM-41 catalyst in the hydrogenation of pure acetylene to ethylene
Authors: Zhou Shuzhen , Kang Lihua , Xu Zhu , Zhu Mingyuan
Published: January 2020

Ni/MCM-41 catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method for acetylene hydrogenation to ethylene based on the calcium carbide acetylene route.
Rapidly detecting antibiotics with magnetic nanoparticle coated CdTe quantum dots
Authors: Chen Chao-Xi , Li Yu-Han , Zhou Yun-Lu , Zhang Jun-Hao , Wei Qi-Zhuang , Dai Tao , Wang Lu
Published: January 2020

A reusable magnetic-quantum dot material with good magnetic property and high fluorescence retention can qualitatively and quantitatively detect four kinds of antibiotics.
Extracellular electron transfer mediated by a cytocompatible redox polymer to study the crosstalk among the mammalian circadian clock, cellular metabolism, and cellular redox state
Authors: Ishikawa Masahito , Kawai Kazuki , Kaneko Masahiro , Tanaka Kenya , Nakanishi Shuji , Hori Katsutoshi
Published: January 2020

Cytocompatible redox polymer pMFc altered the cellular redox state and metabolism, resulting in a longer circadian period.
Exposure risk assessment of nine metal elements in Chongqing hotpot seasoning
Authors: Zheng Lianji , Zhang Qi , Li Zhi , Sun Rui , Zhong Geng
Published: January 2020

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) were used to analyze the contents of nine metal elements (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in 100 groups of Chongqing hotpot seasoning (CHS).
Cu-metal organic frameworks (Cu-MOF) as an environment-friendly and economical catalyst for one pot synthesis of tacrine derivatives
Authors: Mollabagher Hoda , Taheri Salman , Mojtahedi Mohammad majid , Seyedmousavi SeyedAmirhossein
Published: January 2020

The present work describes the catalytic activity of Cu-MOF for the one-pot synthesis of tacrine derivatives via a four-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, aldehydes, malononitrile and cycloketones in the presence of AlCl3.
Crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) with perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether moiety as crosslinking unit: thermally stable polymer with high glass transition temperature
Authors: Li Yang , Guo Hao
Published: January 2020

PMMA-based copolymer containing aryl TFVE moieties prepared by copolymerization of MMA and TFVOPMA monomer containing aryl TFVE group and thermal cross-linked by [2π + 2π] cycloaddition reaction of aryl TFVE moieties.
Visible-light-induced aerobic C3–H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with fluoroalkyl alcohols
Authors: Xu Xiaobo , Xia Chengcai , Li Xiaojun , Sun Jian , Hao Liqiang
Published: January 2020

A visible-light-induced aerobic C3–H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with fluoroalkyl alcohols was reported, providing a green access to fluoroalkoxylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.
Preparation, structure and up-conversion luminescence properties of novel cryolite K3YF6:Er3+, Yb3+
Authors: Shuai Pengfei , Yang Dan , Liao Libing , Guo Qingfeng , Mei Lefu , Zhang Yidi , Liu Haikun
Published: January 2020

Single-phase up-conversion luminescent materials K3YF6:Er3+, Yb3+with cryolite structure were obtained for the first time.
Diagnostically analyzing 1H NMR spectra of sub-types in chaetoglobosins for dereplication
Authors: Lin Chen , Qin Jian-chun , Zhang Yong-gang , Ding Gang
Published: January 2020

1H-NMR spectra provide abundant diagnostic information including chemical shift values, splitting patterns, coupling constants, and integrals.
Tipping the balance: theoretical interrogation of divergent extended heterolytic fragmentations
Authors: Laconsay Croix J. , Tsui Ka Yi , Tantillo Dean J.
Published: January 2020

We interrogate a type of heterolytic fragmentation called a ‘divergent fragmentation’ using density functional theory (DFT), natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and external electric field (EEF) calculations.
Supramolecular polymerization provides non-equilibrium product distributions of imine-linked macrocycles
Authors: Strauss Michael J. , Evans Austin M. , Castano Ioannina , Li Rebecca L. , Dichtel William R.
Published: January 2020

Supramolecular polymerization of imine-linked macrocycles has been coupled to dynamic imine bond exchange within a series of macrocycles and oligomers.
Zirconium metal–organic frameworks incorporating tetrathiafulvalene linkers: robust and redox-active matrices for in situ confinement of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Su Jian , Yuan Shuai , Wang Tao , Lollar Christina Tori , Zuo Jing-Lin , Zhang Jiangwei , Zhou Hong-Cai
Published: January 2020

Stable and redox active metal–organic frameworks were constructed by incorporating Zr6 clusters and redox-active TTF-based linkers, which allow in situ generation and stabilization of ultra-small noble metal nanoparticles for heterogenous catalysis.
LiSi3As6and Li2SiAs2with flexible SiAs2polyanions: synthesis, structure, bonding, and ionic conductivity
Authors: Mark Justin , Lee Kathleen , Marple Maxwell A. T. , Lee Shannon , Sen Sabyasachi , Kovnir Kirill
Published: January 2020

Two novel ternary phases, LiSi3As6and Li2SiAs2, have been synthesized and characterized.
Self-supported TiN nanorod array/carbon textile as a lithium host that induces dendrite-free lithium plating with high rates and long cycle life
Authors: Fang Shan , Shen Laifa , Li Shaopeng , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: January 2020

A facile and effective approach, using self-supported TiN nanorods arrays/carbon textile prestored a certain amount of lithium as Li metal anode, which enabled excellent rate capability, cycling performance and very limited volume expansion.
The importance of anode protection towards lithium oxygen batteries
Authors: Bi Xuanxuan , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun
Published: January 2020

An overview is presented of the recent advances on Li anode protection in aprotic Li–O2 batteries.
Insights into high capacity and ultrastable carbonaceous anodes for potassium-ion storage via a hierarchical heterostructure
Authors: Ma Chunrong , Yang Huijun , Xu Zhixin , Fu Zhengguang , Xie Yingying , Zhang Hongti , Hong Min , Ma ZiFeng , Xiong Hui , Yuan Xian-Zheng
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) P-doped porous carbon nanosheets (PCSs) are designed for enhancing PIB performance by adjusting the electronic structure and morphology.
Plasmon-driven N2 photofixation in pure water over MoO3−x nanosheets under visible to NIR excitation
Authors: Wu Hanying , Li Xiao , Cheng Yao , Xiao Yihong , Li Renfu , Wu Qingping , Lin Hang , Xu Ju , Wang Guoqiang , Lin Cong , Chen Xueyuan , Wang Yuansheng
Published: January 2020

Plasmon-driven photochemical N2 fixation in pure water can be realized over MoO3−x nanosheets under visible to NIR excitation.
Phosphorus-doped porous carbon nitride for efficient sole production of hydrogen peroxide via photocatalytic water splitting with a two-channel pathway
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Wang Hui , Zhao Yajie , Liu Yan , Wu Qingyao , Huang Hui , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: January 2020

The P-doped porous carbon nitride achieves photocatalytic water splitting via a two-channel pathway (water oxidation/oxygen reduction reactions) with high H2O2 yield of 1968 μmol g−1 h−1 under room temperature and normal pressure without sacrificial agent and cocatalyst.
Shuttle/sink model composed of β-cyclodextrin and simvastatin-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein for enhanced cholesterol efflux and drug uptake in macrophage/foam cells
Authors: He Jianhua , Yang Yun , Zhou Xiaoju , Zhang Wenli , Liu Jianping
Published: January 2020

The combination of β-CD and ST-d-rHDL could serve as a shuttle/sink model to enhance cholesterol efflux and drug uptake in macrophage/foam cells.
Direct current electric field induced gradient hydrogel actuators with rapid thermo-responsive performance as soft manipulators
Authors: Mo Kangwei , He Meng , Cao Xiaodong , Chang Chunyu
Published: January 2020

Gradient hydrogels prepared by inducing a DC-EF and in situ polymerization with thermo-responsive properties can serve as soft actuators.
One time‐step particle smoothing for radio range‐based indoor position tracking
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wu Huaming , Dai Peng , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2020

In the context of sequential estimation of radio range‐based indoor position tracking, Bayesian smoothing framework is promising as involving past, present and future observations. The performance and practicability of a smoothing method greatly depend on how many and how future observations are incorporated. Aiming at real‐time locating systems, the authors propose one time‐step smoothing form on sequential Monte Carlo methods, including four popular Bayesian smoothers and a novel one time‐step smoothed filtering (SF) algorithm. The smoothing algorithms are evaluated through two‐dimensional position tracking on a real‐world indoor test‐bed. The authors present results that the proposed SF improves tracking performance requiring very limited computation and memory, which is applicable for real‐time indoor position tracking. Moreover, the one time‐step smoothing form is validated to mitigate ranging errors and smooth positioning trajectories.
CNN based localisation of forged region in object‐based forgery for HD videos
Authors: Kohli Aditi , Gupta Abhinav , Singhal Divya
Published: January 2020

The location of the smallest object in a scene plays an essential role in the perception of a viewer. Any tampering with it, may evolve in adverse consequences especially with surveillance videos of banks, ATMs, traffic monitoring etc. Therefore, a scientific approach is required to thoroughly observe the fine details of tampering (forgery) in a video. A spatio‐temporal detection method is proposed using convolutional neural network (CNN) to detect as well as localise the forged region in a forged video frame. The proposed method is employed in two stages. The first stage is detecting forged frames using proposed temporal CNN, while the second stage is localising the forged region in a novel way using proposed spatial CNN. The vital element of a video, i.e. motion residual is used to train the proposed network. Thus, making the network comprehensive in detecting the object‐based forgery in HD videos. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on SYSU‐OBJFORG dataset (object‐based video forgery dataset) and a derived test dataset of variable length and frame size videos. The results are compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods to prove the efficacy of the proposed method.
Image contrast enhancement with brightness preservation using an optimal gamma and logarithmic approach
Authors: Singh Neha , Bhandari Ashish Kumar
Published: January 2020

In this study, a new enhancement framework is proposed for low contrast and dark images where traditional histogram equalisation (HE), gamma and logarithmic transformation are incorporated to achieve a visually pleasing image. Before the operation of HE on the input image, gamma and logarithmic transformation are performed in order to preserve the fine details of the image. A new gamma value of the proposed algorithm helps to restrain histogram spikes to avoid over‐enhancement and noise artefacts effect. After that, a novel logarithmic transformation is used to map a narrow range of low‐intensity values in the input image to a wider range of output levels. Thus, the dark input values are spread out into the higher intensity values, which improve the overall contrast and brightness of the image. The proposed method is compared with various state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The large dataset has been used to check the feasibility of the technique. The subjective and objective analysis shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms most of the existing contrast‐enhancement algorithms and the results are natural‐looking, good contrast images with almost no artefacts.
Ethernet‐based access cloud
Authors: Dou Zhengxiong , Wang Xiaonan
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, mobile devices have processing capability and abundant storage capabilities and can collaborate to locally create, store and provide contents. Consequently, it becomes possible for mobile devices to retrieve contents locally, and this could be an efficient way to lower the content acquisition cost and latency. In this study, the authors propose an Ethernet‐based access cloud content acquisition solution and aim to take advantage of multi‐hop Ethernet networking to construct an access cloud and lower the content acquisition cost and latency. Via the access cloud, a mobile device can acquire the desired content from the nearest local device so that the content retrieval cost and latency can be decreased. The proposed access cloud is evaluated, and the experimental data show that the content acquisition cost and latency are reduced.
High‐efficiency MPPT method based on irradiance and temperature measurements
Authors: Vicente Eduardo Moreira , dos Santos Vicente Paula , Moreno Robson Luiz , Ribeiro Enio Roberto
Published: January 2020

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is essential in off‐grid and grid‐tied photovoltaic (PV) applications to extract the maximum available power. This study presents a new MPPT technique named irradiance and temperature (I&T) method. This technique uses the estimation of irradiance and measurement of temperature to define the MPP. It is based on the observation of irradiance effects in PV module current and temperature dependency of PV module voltage. The irradiance will be evaluated through the measurement of short‐circuit current. In addition, temperature reading is employed to determine its effects in temperature‐dependent variables, thus providing higher efficiency to the I&T method. Good stability in steady state and fast tracking speed, in different conditions of irradiance and temperature, are important features of this technique. Experimental tests compared the performance of the I&T method with conventional and parameter‐based methods. The performed tests highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method at uniform and dynamic weather conditions.
A Local measurement based protection technique for distribution system with photovoltaic plants
Authors: Singh Parul , Pradhan Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2020

Inverter interfaced distributed generation units contribute limited fault current and thereby the current magnitude‐based protection schemes find limitation for such situations. Change in penetration level of renewable energy sources with time makes available protection schemes more challenging. The distinction between load and fault current is an issue and with high resistance fault, level of fault current and load current becomes comparable. In this paper, local measurement‐based protection technique is proposed that uses current and voltage signals to derive accurate protection decision for a distribution system in the presence of distributed generation units. The method uses real and reactive power calculated at the relay point for the decision. The performance of the algorithm is tested for a 33 bus distribution system simulated using DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Considering such units, the method is tested for both islanded and grid‐connected modes, the varying level of distributed generation penetration and for different fault resistances. The results demonstrate the strength of the proposed method over available techniques. The proposed method is also validated using hardware‐in‐loop testing using Arduino NANO microcontroller and OPAL‐RT simulator in real‐time.
Exploring the formation pathways of formamide
Authors: Allen V. , van der Tak F. F. S. , López-Sepulcre A. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Rivilla V. M. , Cesaroni R.
Published: January 2020

Context.As a building block for amino acids, formamide (NH2CHO) is an important molecule in astrobiology and astrochemistry, but its formation path in the interstellar medium is not understood well.

Aims.We aim to find empirical evidence to support the chemical relationships of formamide to HNCO and H2CO.

Methods.We examine high angular resolution (~0.2″) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array maps of six sources in three high-mass star-forming regions and compare the spatial extent, integrated emission peak position, and velocity structure of HNCO and H2CO line emission with that of NH2CHO by using moment maps. Through spectral modeling, we compare the abundances of these three species.

Results.In these sources, the emission peak separation and velocity dispersion of formamide emission is most often similar to HNCO emission, while the velocity structure is generally just as similar to H2CO and HNCO (within errors). From the spectral modeling, we see that the abundances between all three of our focus species are correlated, and the relationship between NH2CHO and HNCO reproduces the previously demonstrated abundance relationship.

Conclusions.In this first interferometric study, which compares two potential parent species to NH2CHO, we find that all moment maps for HNCO are more similar to NH2CHO than H2CO in one of our six sources (G24 A1). For the other five sources, the relationship between NH2CHO, HNCO, and H2CO is unclear as the different moment maps for each source are not consistently more similar to one species as opposed to the other.
A review of hard carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries and their environmental assessment
Authors: Peters Jens F. , Abdelbaky Mohammad , Baumann Manuel , Weil Marcel
Published: January 2020

Sodium-ion batteries are increasingly being promoted as a promising alternative to current lithium-ion batteries. The substitution of lithium by sodium offers potential advantages under environmental aspects due to its higher abundance and availability. However, sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries cannot rely on graphite for the anodes, requiring amorphous carbon materials (hard carbons). Since no established market exists for hard carbon anode materials, these are synthesised individually for each Na-ion battery from selected precursors. The hard carbon anode has been identified as a relevant driver for environmental impacts of sodium-ion batteries in a recent work, where a significant improvement potential was found by minimising the impacts of the hard carbon synthesis process. In consequence, this work provides a detailed process model of hard carbon synthesis processes as basis for their environmental assessment. Starting from a review of recent studies about hard carbon synthesis processes from different precursors, three promising materials are evaluated in detail. For those, the given laboratory synthesis processes are scaled up to a hypothetical industrial level, obtaining detailed energy and material balances. The subsequent environmental assessment then quantifies the potential environmental impacts of the different hard carbon materials and their potential for further improving the environmental performance of future Na-ion batteries by properly selecting the hard carbon material. Especially organic waste materials (apple pomace) show a high potential as precursor for hard carbon materials, potentially reducing environmental impacts of Na-ion cells between 10 and 40% compared to carbohydrate (sugar) based hard carbons (the hard carbon material used by the current reference work). Waste tyres are also found to be a promising hard carbon precursor, but require a more complex pre-treatment prior to carbonisation, why they do not reach the same performance as the pomace based one. Finally, hard carbons obtained from synthetic resins, another promising precursor, score significantly worse. They obtain results in the same order of magnitude as the sugar based hard carbon, mainly due to the high emissions and energy intensity of the resin production processes.
Reliability of two-dimensional measures associated with bilateral drop-landing performance
Authors: Howe Louis , Bampouras Theodoros M. , North Jamie S. , Waldron Mark
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to establish the within-session reliability for two-dimensional (2D) video analysis of sagittal- and frontal-plane measures during bilateral drop-landing tasks. Thirty-nine recreational athletes (22 men, 17 women, age = 22 ± 4 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.15 m, body mass 70.2 ± 15.1 kg) performed five bilateral drop-landings from 50, 100 and 150% of maximum countermovement jump height, twice on the same day. Measures of reliability for initial contact angle, peak flexion angle and joint displacement for the hip, knee, and ankle joints, frontal-plane projection angles (FPPA), as well as inter-limb asymmetries in joint displacement were assessed. No systematic bias was present between trials (P>0.05). All kinematic measurements showed relative reliability ranging from large to near perfect (ICC = 0.52–0.96). Absolute reliability ranged between measures, with CV% between 1.0–1.6% for initial contact angles, 1.9–7.9% for peak flexion angles, 5.3–22.4% for joint displacement, and 1.6–2.3% for FPPA. Absolute reliability for inter-limb asymmetries in joint displacement were highly variable, with minimal detectable change values ranging from 6.0–13.2°. Therefore, 2D video analysis is a reliable tool for numerous measures related to the performance of bilateral drop-landings.
A Closer Look at a Small Brain: Transnuchal Ultrasound Facilitates High-Resolution Imaging of the Cerebellum in Preterm Infants
Authors: Muehlbacher Tobias , Schaefer Rebecca Nathalie , Buss Claudia , Bührer Christoph , Schmitz Thomas
Published: January 2020

Purpose Very preterm infants are at risk for cerebellar injury and impaired cerebellar growth with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Ultrasound through the mastoid fontanel (MF) with a curved-array or sector probe is the most established method for the sonographic examination of the cerebellum. The goal of our study was to examine the validity of transnuchal ultrasound through the foramen occipitale magnum (FOM) with a linear probe for monitoring postnatal cerebellar growth.

Methods Retrospective analysis of routine ultrasound scans through FOM and MF in 105 preterm infants born between 23 and 36 weeks of gestation with a birthweight of less than 1500 g.

Results Diameters of the cerebellar hemispheres obtained through the two acoustic windows mastoid fontanel and foramen occipitale magnum showed high correlations (r’s = 0.981 and 0.983, p’s < 0.001). Corrected gestational age was significantly associated with transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) on the first scan (r = 0.908, p < 0.001) as well as postnatal cerebellar growth (r = 0.920, p < 0.001). Postnatal growth was slightly decreased resulting in cerebellar growth restriction on serial scans. Both associations exceeded the calculated ratio of TCD to head circumference (r = 0.657, p < 0.001) and TCD to biparietal diameter with gestational age (r = 0.705, p < 0.001).

Conclusion Transnuchal ultrasound is feasible for examination of the preterm cerebellum and improves image quality compared to scans through the MF with higher resolution at a very short distance. Monitoring cerebellar growth during early postnatal life via transnuchal ultrasound can help to identify children at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairment.
Synthesis of 2-Imidazolines via Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of 2,3-Allenyl Amines and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Liu Yue , Zhang Cheng , Liang Xiaoxia , Zeng Xianzhong , Lu Rongmei , Fang Zixuan , Wang Shaoyu , Liu Yanjun , Hu Jinxing
Published: January 2020

An effective method for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2-imidazoline derivatives via palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 2,3-allenyl amines with aryl iodides is described. This pure domino process allows the formation of new carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bonds in a single synthetic operation.
Branchial Cysts in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Pacheco-Ojeda Luis , Ayala-Ochoa Andrés , Salvador Karla
Published: January 2020

Introduction Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital anomaly in children. However, some lesions may not develop clinically and are not diagnosed until adulthood. The recent literature of branchial cysts (BCs) in the adult population is really scanty. For this reason, we analyzed the clinical and surgical management of the adult population treated for a BC at a tertiary care general hospital.

Methods A retrospective review of the clinical records of all the patients with histological diagnosis of BC who were surgically treated at the Social Security Hospital in Quito, Ecuador, was performed. Fifty-one patients (27 women) with congenital anomalies of the 2nd (43 patients with cysts) and 3rd (6 patients with cysts and 2 with fistula) branchial arches were diagnosed and treated. Diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and by computed tomography scan.

Results The 43 patients with a 2nd branchial cleft cyst underwent complete surgical excision through a wide mid-neck transverse cervicotomy. The 6 cases of 3rd branchial cleft cyst underwent surgical resection through a lower-neck transverse incision, and the 2 patients with clinical fistula in the lower aspect of the neck were operated on via an elliptical incision around this external fistula opening. Postoperative evolution was uneventful in all patients.

Conclusions Branchial cysts can occasionally be diagnosed in adult patients in the setting of a general hospital population. A correct clinical and imaging assessment was diagnostic in most patients. Complete surgical resection was curative in all our patients, and postoperative complications were exceptional.