bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NİKÂHTA DENKLİĞE KONU OLAN VASIFLAR VE BUNLARIN FIKHÎ TESİRİ
Authors: ÇİNAR Fatih
Published: June 2020

Bu
yazı nikâhta zikredilen denklik/kefâet şartları ve bunların fıkhî tesiri
hakkındadır. Bu çerçevede denklik şartlarının ne olduğu ve bunların hukukî
açıdan tesiri olup olmadığı ele alınmıştır. Yazının metaryallerini toplamak
için ilgili klasik fıkhî ve diğer eserler derinlemesine araştırılmıştır. Tabiatıyla
yeni çalışmalardan da istifade edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sistemli bir
şekilde tasnif edilerek yorumlamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Evklilikte denklik
meselesine genellikle lüzûm şartı çerçevesinde temas edilmiştir. Buna göre evlilik
akdinin bağlayıcı olabilmesi için denklik gerekli olmaktadır. İslam fakihleri evlilik
akdinin bağlayıcı olabilmesi, diğer bir ifadeyle veli veya kıza fesih yetkisi
vermekten hali olması için bazı vasıflar sıralamışlardır. Her bir şartta olmasa
da genel olarak denkliğin nikâh akdinde şart olduğu hususunda çoğunluk görüş
birliğine varmıştır.

Bir fıkıh terimi olarak
denkliğin evlilik akdi bağlamında, “erkeğin evlenmek istediği kadına çeşitli
açılardan denk olması” şeklinde tanımlandığı söylenebilir. Denkliğin aslî tarafları
erkek ve kızdır, ama akit esnasında kızın erkeğe değil, erkeğin kıza denk
olması gerekli görülmüştür. Bu sebeple erkek, kendine denk olsun olmasın istediği
herhangi bir kıza talip olup, kızın muvafakat etmesi halinde onunla evlilik
akdi yapabilir. Öte yandan erkeğin kıza denk olmadığı bir durumda cari olan
akdin feshi söz konusu olabilir. Nikâh akdinin feshini bizzat kadının kendisi
talep edebildiği gibi veliler de talep edebilir. Fakihler feshe imkân veren
vasıfları din, neseb, haseb, hürriyet, meslek, mal, yaş farkı ve kusurlardan
hali olmak şeklinde sekiz mesele olarak zikretmiştir. Bu vasıflardan en önemlisi
olarak zikredilen dinde dahi ihtilaf çıkmıştır. Nitekim az sayıda âlim nikâh
akdinde kuruluş ve bağlayıcılık cihetinden denkliği hiçbir şekilde şart olarak
muteber görmemiştir. Söz konusu âlimlerin denkliği kabul etmeyen görüşleri din
kıstasının mahiyeti cihetinde bir sorun teşkil edebilidir. Din kıstası inanç
farkı veya dindarlık yahut da her ikisini birlikte ihtiva etmektedir. Şu kadar
var ki din farkından ötürü kadının erkeğe veya erkeğin kadına haram olduğu
muhtelif durumlar nikâhın şartları arasında açıklanarak neticede Müslüman
kadının kâfir bir erkeğe haram olduğunda âlimler ittifak etmiştir. Bu nedenle din
kıstasını din farkı değil de dindarlık açısından ele almak daha isabetli bir
yaklaşım olacaktır. Zikredilen deliller bağlamında denkliği kabul etmeyen
fakihlerin görüşlerinin tercihe şayan olduğu söylenebilir. Buna göre denkliğe
konu vasıfların fıkhî yönden bir tesiri olmadığı, bununla birlikte doğru eş
seçiminde yol gösterici bir rol üstlendiği düşünülebilir.
Military-Political Cooperation of China and Japan in 1904
Authors: Kutsenko Boris Olegovich
Published: June 2020

The research objectives are as follows: to reveal specificity of China’s policy in the period of the Russian-Japanese war, to identify the factors that influenced the country’s political course and to evaluate the level of the Chinese military involvement in Manchuria in 1904. The article considers the issue of the Celestial Empire’s political, military and economic assistance to Japan. The provided factual material shows clearly the influence of the Chinese military-economic policy on the course of the war in 1904. Scientific originality of the study involves analysing previously unpublished sources revealing China’s influence on the course of the Russian-Japanese war. The research findings are as follows: the author identifies implicit factors that determined the Russian military strategy and tactics and highlights additional factors that promoted the Japanese military expansion in Southeast Asia.
“Composer’s Theatre” in Russia and Alexander Manotskov’s “52”
Authors: Volkova Xenia Sergeevna
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to studying the phenomenon of “composer’s theatre” using the example of Alexander Manotskov’s opera “52” that he staged during the 2018-2019 theatre season in the Tovstonogov Bolshoi Drama Theatre. The author treats the production as a complex phenomenon related to composer’s theatre on the Russian stage as well as to the “new Russian musical theatre”. The aim of the study is to consider “52” through the lens of other works by Alexander Manotskov and also from the perspective of the repertoire policy carried out by the art director of the Tovstonogov Bolshoi Drama Theatre, Andrey Moguchy. Scientific novelty of the research lies in interpretation of the production in the context of the “new Russian musical theatre” and also in an accompanying analysis of the tendency to stage musical productions in drama theatres. As a result of the study, a comprehensive analysis of “52” as an example of “composer’s theatre” is conducted, possibility of attributing “52” to such a phenomenon as the “new Russian musical theatre” is considered.
Harmonic Rhythm in the Piano Exercises in “Harmony” Course
Authors: Meshcheryakova Irina Igorevna
Published: June 2020

The article considers the problem of studying harmonic rhythm in the “Harmony” course. The author formulates a definition of the notion, which is based on the approaches developed by domestic and foreign musicologists. Relevance of the issue under consideration is emphasized. The paper provides examples of the piano exercises in the “Harmony” course (playing chord progressions according to the established harmonic rhythm, playing modulations). Analysing harmonic rhythm of the suggested exercises, students improve their piano playing skills.
G. Omarova’s Contribution to Study of the Kazakh Kobyz Art
Authors: Sharipbaeva Aknar Tattibaevna
Published: June 2020

The research objective involves a historiographical analysis of contribution of the Kazakh ethnomusicologist, Doctor in Art Criticism Gulzada Omarova to study of the Kazakh kobyz art. Ancient art of the kobyz playing is a poorly investigated field of musicology. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that the researcher for the first time discovers importance of G. Omarova’s works on the Kazakh folk music. The following conclusions are justified: G. Omarova identified the place of the kobyz in the world collection of musical instruments and revealed the essence of the kobyz art as a multi-aspect functional and ideological system.
Siberian Avant-garde in Art: Analysing N. D. Gritsuk’s Influence on E. I. Konkov’s Creative Work
Authors: Konkov Illarion Evgen’evich
Published: June 2020

The study aims to assess the impact the artist N. D. Gritsuk had on E. I. Konkov’s creative work. Although the subject of the Siberian art of the 1950-1970s has been thoroughly studied in the Russian art criticism, creative work of a whole number of modern artists, whose personal style has developed under the influence of the Siberian avant-garde, remains barely covered by researchers. In this respect, scientific novelty of the study lies in reviewing E. I. Konkov’s creative work and drawing conclusions related to changes in his creative worldview, his understanding of art essence, as well as in his personal style under the influence of the Siberian artist N. D. Gritsuk. As a result of the research, it has been demonstrated, using E. I. Konkov’s artwork “Silver Age” as an example, how the artist’s worldview and style changed, influenced by N. D. Gritsuk’s personality and creative work.
Redemption Payments in Budgets of Voronezh Province Peasants in the Second Half of the XIX - at the Beginning of the XX Century
Authors: Myazin Vladislav Andreevich
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to identify socio-economic status of the Voronezh province peasantry in the second half of the XIX - at the beginning of the XX century. The article considers processes of social stratification among the Voronezh province peasantry, analyses the peasants’ taxes and ascertains a place of redemption payments in the structure of their tax payments. The researcher reveals causes of arrears among the peasants and describes the measures taken by the state bodies to solve the peasants’ debt problems. The research findings are as follows: the author proves that due to low profitability from agriculture and frequent natural disasters, redemption payments were an intolerable burden for the peasants. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the problem of redemption payments of the Voronezh province peasants, in particular, the place of these payments in the structure of their tax payments, is still poorly investigated.
Results of a Sociological Survey on the Needs of Drug Safety Monitoring Specialists for Information on the Creation of the Pharmacovigilance System Master File
Authors: Goloenko N. G. , Yagudina R. I. , Kulikov A. Yu. , Serpik V. G. , Protsenko M. V. , Karapetyan D. G.
Published: June 2020

The Rules of Good Pharmacovigilance Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union oblige developers and marketing authorisation holders to implement a pharmacovigilance system that has to be described in the pharmacovigilance system master file (PSMF). Analysis of public sources revealed lack of data describing the creation of a PSMF. Therefore, the creation of a PSMF and keeping it up to date may prove challenging for pharmacovigilance specialists.

The aim of the study was to identify information needs of pharmacovigilance specialists by carrying out a sociological survey.

Materials and methods: the authors used information analysis methods (review and analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature) and sociological methods (a questionnaire for pharmacovigilance specialists).

Results: the analysis helped to identify the following master file sections that present problems for specialists: sources of safety data; annexes to the master file; quality system; changes in the pharmacovigilance system that may result in an additional request from the competent authorities, etc.

Conclusions: the authors identified the most relevant topics for additional training: “Pharmacovigilance system documents” and “Pharmacovigilance system master file”. The results of the study are helpful for elaboration and updating of additional training programmes for pharmacovigilance specialists.
Application of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for identifying Anoectochilus setaceus Blume in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam
Authors: Thinh B. B. , Chac L. D. , Thu L. T.M.
Published: June 2020

Background. The term “DNA barcode” is used extensively in molecular taxonomy. Basically, this technique is based on the use of a DNA sequence (about 400–800 bp) as a standard to identify and determine the species relation of organisms quickly and accurately. Therefore, DNA barcodes not only help taxonomists in classifying and identifying species, but also improve their ability to control, understand and utilize biodiversity. In this study, the authors conducted identification of samples of Anoectochilus setaceus Blume collected in Thanh Hoa through the isolated sequence of ITS gene regions.

Materials and methods. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves of A. setaceus samples using CTAB method. The ITS gene segment was amplified by PCR and sequenced. This genetic sequence was analyzed, compared and used to establish a phylogenetic tree using BioEdit, BLAST and DNASTAR programs.

Results and conclusion. We isolated 4 sequences of the ITS gene region in 4 A. setaceus samples collected at Xuan Lien and Pu Luong of Thanh Hoa province; the ITS gene region was 667 nucleotide long. The findings identified the samples as the same species and showed 99% similarity to the ITS gene sequence of A. roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. published in GenBank, GQ328774. This study also demonstrates that the method employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences is an effective tool to identify A. setaceus taxa.
Worldwide gene pool of fiber flax at VIR, and breeding of rust-resistant varieties
Authors: Kutuzova S. N. , Porokhovinova E. A. , Brutch N. B. , Pavlov A. V.
Published: June 2020

Background. There are strict requirements for a modern flax cultivar. It must have a whole set of valuable characters, including rust resistance.

Materials and methods. The flax collection of 2485 accessions held by VIR was evaluated using artificial provocative infection.

Results. Almost all domestic and foreign accessions and varieties collected before 1957 were highly or extremely susceptible to rust. Five Russian kryazhs1 and cv. ‘GDS-3’ developed at VIR were found to retain rust resistance up to the present moment. Lines derived from them and from three foreign varieties, with an identified number of the original effective R genes, were submitted to breeders. Nineteen donors with a set of economically useful traits, analogous to cvs. ‘Orshansky 2’ and ‘Prizyv 81’ and carrying the same genes, were produced and distributed to breeders. The VIR collection holds 10 donors of rust resistance with high fiber content developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Flax. Some donors of resistance to other diseases released by the same Institute also possess high rust resistance, thus forming a rich stock of source material. The first cultivar relatively resistant to rust (‘L-1120’) was released in 1951. Possessing polygenic resistance, it was also resistant to Fusarium wilt and lodging, so it was widely used for breeding other cultivars with similar characteristics. As their cultivation expanded, the harvest losses caused by rust dropped. The first rust-resistant cultivar with oligogenic resistance (‘Tomsky 16’) appeared in 1990. By now, many cultivars protected by R genes of rust resistance have been developed. They combine this trait with resistance to Fusarium and lodging, high yield, and high fiber content. Flax rust incidence is not a problem anymore.

Conclusion. Plant breeders have at their disposal a rich stock of source material preserved in the VIR collection to produce resistant flax cultivars. The use of rust resistance donors in hybridization cannot disrupt the most important properties of a cultivar.
Effectiveness of the barley cultivar ‘Bios 1’ as source material for breeding
Authors: Zhilin N. A. , Zaytseva I. Yu. , Shchennikova I. N. , Emelev S. A.
Published: June 2020

Background. The efficiency of breeding depends largely on the breeding method and the choice of the source material. Hybridization and mutagenesis, combined with selection, are the basic techniques in the development of promising breeding materials and adaptable cultivars of spring barley.

Object and methods. The research was implemented in 2002–2019. The material for the research were 948 breeding lines (Federal Agricultural Science Center of the North-East, Kirov) developed through hybridization with cv. ‘Bios 1’, and 190 mutant samples (Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Kirov) obtained as a result of treating barley seeds with sodium carbonate and irradiation with laser and far-red light in various combinations. The study was conducted in accordance with approved standard techniques.

Results and conclusions. Various collection accessions and breeding lines were involved in crosses with cv. ‘Bios 1’. The lines were studied according to the full-scale scheme of the breeding process. As a result, only one breeding line, 52-15, having ‘Bios 1’ in its pedigree, was approved for testing in the competitive variety trial in 2019. These results attested to a low combination capacity of cv. ‘Bios 1’ and to the inefficiency of its further use in hybridization as a parent form. In Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, 190 mutant forms of barley were produced using ‘Bios 1’ as the initial form. According to the results of laboratory experiments and competitive variety trials, 5 mutant forms of barley were identified as promising. Spring barley samples, combining high yield with a set of traits valuable for breeding, were selected for further breeding work: breeding line 52-15, and mutant forms M 4-16-3, M 9-5-3 and M 11- 13 Kha. The new barley accession M 8-3-013, maturing 8 days earlier than the original cultivar, having a long (8.9 cm), wellgrained (24.3 grains) and productive (1.31 g) ear, is submitted for the State Variety Trials.
CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO BRASIL
Authors: Borges dos Santos Dalvelice , Silva da Cruz Nascimento Cátia Cristine
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo descreve a trajetória da educação de crianças pequenas no Brasil, apresentando
as políticas públicas do nosso país em relação ao assunto, refletindo sobre seus avanços e
retrocessos. Nesse sentido partindo-se do contexto histórico da Educação Infantil brasileira, busca-se
também compreender aspectos históricos que influenciaram e influenciam a concepção de infância
numa perspectiva social e historicamente construída. Optou-se como abordagem metodológica a
concepção de pesquisa do tipo qualitativo utilizando a análise documental e bibliográfica. A realidade
investigada apontou que as políticas públicas refletem a concepção de infância do país e após
diferentes concepções de infância, hoje as crianças são vistas como sujeitos e como tal devem ter
uma educação que respeite seu desenvolvimento, onde o cuidar e o educar estejam indissociados.
COVID-19: INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE TRANSMISSIBILIDADE, SINTOMAS, POPULAÇÃO DE RISCO, FATORES DE PREVENÇÃO E INTERVENÇÕES TERAPÊUTICAS
Authors: Ribeiro Diogo Martins
Published: June 2020

A transmissão do novo coronavírus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, causador da doença coronavírus 2019 ou COVID-19) de pessoa a pessoa, para diferentes países, áreas ou territórios, gera intensa preocupação entre pesquisadores e a população em geral. Até o dia 9 de maio já foram registrados quase 4 milhões de casos confirmados do COVID-19 em todo o mundo, com quase 270 mil mortes associadas (taxa de fatalidade próxima a 7%). Objetivando disponibilizar informações importantes sobre o novo coronavírus, para auxiliar a comunidade científica e orientar a população em geral, esta revisão de literatura foi elaborada a partir de informações coletadas na base de dados Pubmed, na plataforma ScienceDirect, e especificamente na revista científica Nature Research e nos jornais científicos The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of Medical Virology, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), bem como nos repositórios BioRxiv e MedRxiv e diferentes órgãos internacionais de saúde. Ainda são recentes os estudos referentes a intervenções terapêuticas a serem consideradas contra o SARS-CoV-2, bem como há a necessidade de maiores investigações quanto à patogenicidade e transmissibilidade desse vírus, e quanto aos seus efeitos em crianças, gestantes e animais.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the myocardial remodeling: the role of insulin resistance in the hepatocardial association development
Authors: Rojtberg G. E. , Sharkhun O. O.
Published: June 2020

Aim.The aim of the study was to assess glucose metabolism, its perfusion in the cardiomyocytes and the detection of the myocardial dysfunction in patients with fatty liver disease and insulin resistance using the positron emission tomography with fl udeoxyglucose.Materials and methods.In our study patients with the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the insulin resistance were examined. All patients underwent the еchocardiography and the positron emission tomography scans for myocardial dysfunction assessment.Results and discussion.Echocardiography revealed various types of the left ventricular cardiac remodeling. The positron emission tomography showed a pronounced diffuse uneven distribution of the radiopharmaceutical. In addition, zones of hypometabolism and paradoxical accumulation of glucose were detected. It`s important to note that these indicated zones did not form sectors around a specifi c artery area, possibly refl ecting zones of fatty infi ltration or fi brotic changes in the myocardium. Thus, it was shown that in patients with the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance the intensity and nature of glucose metabolism in cardiomyocytes were changed, indicating the presence of myocardial metabolic dysfunction.Conclusion.We believe that in systemic insulin resistance metabolic processes were disturbed not only in the liver cells, but also in the cardiomyocytes, the rate of glucose utilization and its transmembrane transfer into cardiomyocytes were changed. As a result of the metabolic dysfunction, the geometric parameters of the heart are changed and various types of the cardiac remodelling are formed.
Modifi ed mode of fujinon intelligent color enhancement (FICE) in the diagnosis of colon lesions
Authors: Duvanskiy V. A. , Belkov A. V.
Published: June 2020

The study aims to evaluate the eff ectiveness of standard and modifi ed settings of the spectral color allocation technology in the diff erential diagnosis of the colon morphological type of epithelial formations. Materials and methods: video colonoscopy using standard and modifi ed mode of technology. A total of 746 patients were selected for spectral colour selection, of whom 80 were selected. There were 36 men, 44 women. The average age of the patients was 60 ± 9 years. There were 171 epithelial fomations, of which 106 (61.9%) were located in the left side of the large intestine: in the rectum — 33 (31.2%), in sigmoid — 52 (49%), in descending part — 21 (19.8%). In the right parts of the colon there were significant lower number of formations — 65 (38.1%): ascending intestine — 26 (40%), transversely — colon — 32 (49.2%), cecum — 7 (10.8%). Endoscopic studies were performed according to standard method using video colonoscopes from Fujinon, EC-590ZW / L, EC-530WL. Results: statistically revealed that the probability of determining the correct morphological type of epithelium is formation is 6 times higher when using the modifi ed spectral color technology highlight compared to standard technology settings. Conclusion: the modifi ed settings of the technology of spectral color highlighting allow much more accurative performance an optical biopsy of epithelial colon formations.
Differentiated treatment tactics in surgery of liver echinococcosis
Authors: Shamsiev A. M. , Shamsiev J. A. , Rakhmanov K. E. , Davlatov S. S.
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study. Improving the quality of treatment for liver echinococcosis by improving surgical tactics and developing eff ective methods to reduce disease recurrence. Materials and methods: 371 patients with echinococcosis of the liver, who were admitted to the surgery department of the 2nd clinic of Samarkand State Medical Institute, were examined. Of the 371 patients in 311 (83.8%) patients, the disease was detected for the fi rst time and in 60 (16.2%) patients, echinococcosis was recurrent. The results of the study: compared with 2005–2008. the incidence of postoperative complications decreased from 13.1 to 4.3%. Complications such as suppuration of the residual cavity (6 times), suppuration of the laparotomy wound (2 times), the formation of bile fi stulas (3 times), and no subphrenic abscesses began to occur much less frequently. The duration of inpatient treatment after surgery decreased by 2 times compared with the control — from 21.2 ± 1.2 to 10.9 ± 0.3 days. Conclusions: the developed algorithm for choosing the tactics of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis, taking into account the integrated approach to choosing access, the method of treatment and elimination of the residual cavity, as well as preventive chemotherapy, has improved the quality of care by reducing the frequency of immediate postoperative complications from 12.5% to 4, 3% (p = 0.027 according to the χ2 criterion) and relapse of the disease from 11.9% to 2.6% (p = 0.031 according to the χ2 criterion).
Diagram for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: a view with a process perspective.
Authors: Mariano Ana Paula Melo , Filho Pedro Costa Campos , Monteiro Simone Borges Simão , Mariano Ari Melo
Published: June 2020

Many studies have been developed by the scientific and medical community to learn more about COVID-19. Although studies have advanced, it is common to note that there are still some misconceptions, especially as the information moves from scientific to widespread use in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and especially the population. Thus, the objective of this study was to present the testing process for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the patient, paying attention to the key dates and possible diagnoses. To achieve this goal, a process diagram was founded to establish the path of detection and diagnosis. Also, a table for interpreting the results has been prepared. The results collaborate with a clearer understanding of the diagnostic process and expand the understanding to other areas, mainly those that need binary inputs to contribute to the fight against the virus, such as computing, mathematics, and engineering.
A review of the extrapulmonary manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Okediji Paul Toluwatope , Ojo Ademola S. , Akin-Onitolo Ayotemide P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Since the onset of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many reports have presented the disease as a respiratory disease, thereby limiting diagnosis to presentations with respiratory symptoms. New evidence is beginning to emerge describing the effect of COVID-19 on other organ systems beyond the pulmonary system. This review critically analyzes and consolidates published literature describing extrapulmonary features of COVID-19. Methods: Recently published full-text literature on the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 was reviewed. The studies reviewed focused on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous, hematopoietic, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems as well as ocular, otorhinolaryngological, and cutaneous symptoms. Results: A total of 28 original articles were selected and included for analysis. The most common extrapulmonary manifestations identified across the systems include acute cardiac injury (7.2-19.7%), arrhythmia (16.7%), and shock (8.7%) in the cardiovascular system; anorexia (83.8%), abnormal liver function (14.8-37.2%), diarrhea (3.8-29.3%), abdominal pain (0.4-12.0%), nausea (9.5%), and vomiting (0.8-5.0%) in the gastrointestinal system; acute cerebrovascular disease and loss of consciousness (36.4%) in the nervous system; lymphopenia (40.0%-64.0), leukocytosis (14.3-23.4%), anemia (15.0%), thrombocytopenia (7.0%), elevated D-dimer (42.0%), and prolonged prothrombin time (2.1-6.0%) in the hematopoietic system; and proteinuria (43.9-62.7%), hematuria (26.7%), elevated urea (27.1%) and creatinine (18.6%), and acute kidney injury (3.6-5.1%) in the urinary system. Others include sore throat (28.6%), erythematous rash (15.9%), arthralgia/myalgia (14.8%), widespread urticaria (3.4%), and singular reports of acute myopericarditis, acute lymphocytic myocarditis, meningitis, viral encephalitis, testicular pain, anosmia, and acute conjunctivitis.Conclusion: COVID-19 affects every organ-system in the human body and can cause extrapulmonary symptoms with or without respiratory symptoms. A high index of suspicion is required to help healthcare providers achieve early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and reduce the chances of spreading the disease within the community.
The Relationship Between Exercise Intensity and Neurophysiological Responses to Food Stimuli in Women: A Randomized Crossover Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study
Authors: Carbine Kaylie Amanda , Anderson Jillesa , Larson Michael J. , LeCheminant James D , Bailey Bruce
Published: June 2020

We tested the effect of different intensities of acute exercise on hunger, and post-exercise energy intake, and neurophysiological measures of attention toward food- and non-food stimuli in women. In a within-subjects crossover design, forty-two women completed no exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and vigorous-intensity exercise sessions separated by one week, in a counterbalanced fashion. At each session, participants completed a passive viewing task of food (high- and low-calorie) and non-food pictures while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded. The early posterior negativity (EPN), P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components of the event-related potential (ERP) measured neurophysiological responses. Subjective ratings of hunger were measured before and immediately after each condition using a visual analog scale (VAS) and food intake was measured using an ad libitum snack buffet offered at the end of each condition. Results indicated that hunger levels increased as time passed for all sessions. EPN amplitude was larger to non-food compared to food images; P3 amplitude was larger to food than non-food items. LPP amplitude did not differ by high-calorie, low-calorie, or non-food images. Notably, there were no significant main effects or interactions of any ERP component amplitude as a function of exercise intensity. Food intake also did not differ by rest or moderate or vigorous exercise, although subjective arousal ratings to the images were higher after moderate and vigorous exercise compared to rest. Food images also had higher arousal and valence ratings than non-food images overall. Findings indicate that, in this sample, bouts of acute exercise at any intensity did not disproportionately affect neurophysiological measures of attention to food or non-food stimuli, caloric intake, or hunger ratings.
A combinatorial identity for the sum of divisors function involving $p_{r}(n)$
Authors: Jha Sumit Kumar
Published: June 2020

Let $\sum_{d|n}d$ denote the sum of divisors of a positive integer $n$, and let $\prod_{j=1}^{\infty}(1-q^{j})^{r}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}p_{r}(n)q^{n}$. The aim is of this note is to prove the following interesting combinatorial identity$$\sum_{d|n}d=n\,\sum_{r=1}^{n}\frac{(-1)^{r}}{r}\,\binom{n}{r}\, p_{r}(n).$$
Gender and the scissors graph of Brazilian science: from equality to invisibility
Authors: Areas Roberta , Abreu Alice R.  P , Santana Ademir E , Barbosa Marcia C , Nobre Carlos
Published: June 2020

Women are underrepresented in science and their participation decreases as the career progresses, an international phe-nomenon clearly displayed in a scissors graph. This decrease is usually attributed to maternity, lower number of publicationsand less ability of receiving grants. Here we present a comprehensive study of the Brazilian science and technology system,covering 8,877,626 people, and analyzing the participation of women from the undergraduate to ministerial levels. The studyused different data-bases to develop relevant indicators of the participation of women, some of them over a period of 15 years.Our results suggest that the decrease of women as the career advances is due to a combination of barriers which need to befaced and eliminated to promote equity for a better science.
hilbert
Authors: Moss David
Published: June 2020

We report a photonic microwave and RF fractional Hilbert transformer based on an integrated Kerr micro-comb source. The micro-comb source has a free spectral range (FSR) of 50GHz, generating a large number of comb lines that serve as a high-performance multi-wavelength source for the transformer. By programming and shaping the comb lines according to calculated tap weights, we achieve both arbitrary fractional orders and a broad operation bandwidth. We experimentally characterize the RF amplitude and phase response for different fractional orders and perform system demonstrations of real-time fractional Hilbert transforms. We achieve a phase ripple of < 0.15 rad within the 3-dB pass-band, with bandwidths ranging from 5 to 9 octaves, depending on the order. The experimental results show good agreement with theory, confirming the effectiveness of our approach as a new way to implement high-performance fractional Hilbert transformers with broad processing bandwidth, high reconfigurability, and greatly reduced size and complexity.
GAYA BAHASA SECARA UMUM DAN GAYA BAHASA PEMBUNGKUS PIKIRAN
Authors: Susiati Susiati
Published: June 2020

Language in literary works contains elements of beauty. Beauty is an aspect ofaesthetics. This opinion is in line with Zulfahnur's opinion, language style and writingis one of the interesting elements in a reading. Each writer has a different style inpouring each of his writing ideas. Every writing that is produced later has a style ofwriting that is influenced by the author, so it can be said that, the character of awriter greatly influences the work he writes. This is consistent with the opinion ofPratikno (1984: 50) that the nature, character or character of a person is different.Language style is the use of a wealth of languages, the use of certain variations toobtain certain effects, the overall language characteristics of a group of literarywriters and the unique way of expressing thoughts and feelings, both orally and inwriting. The style of language used by the author is essentially a way of usinglanguage precisely to describe the feelings and thoughts of the author which aredifferent from the everyday language patterns and are subjective. For this reason, wepresent this paper in terms of how to use language styles in general and as a wrapperfor the mind.
Temporal stability of lower order ability scores and intelligence profiles in high ability students
Authors: Breit Moritz , Scherrer Vsevolod , Preckel Franzis
Published: June 2020

Individuals’ general intelligence is highly stable over time and strong empirical evidence supports its validity for diagnostic purposes. Frequently, general intelligence is assessed as a composite of different specific cognitive abilities (e.g., verbal, numerical, figural ability). In previous research, these specific abilities only showed marginal stabilities, challenging their validity for diagnostic purposes. However, this research was conducted with samples of predominantly average or low ability individuals. According to Spearman’s law of diminishing returns, high ability individuals show more pronounced differences between subtest scores or intelligence profiles than regular ability individuals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the stabilities of specific abilities and intelligence profiles in high ability individuals. Using the Berlin structure-of-intelligence test (BIS-HB), we investigated the 6-month mean-level change, individual-level change, differential continuity, and ipsative continuity of specific abilities in a sample of 114 students (28.9% female; age M = 14.11, SD = .84) attending special gifted classes. We found significant mean-level change for all specific abilities. Reliable individual-level increases in performance were observed for, on average, 15.4% of the participants on each specific ability (based on SEpred). Differential continuity of specific abilities ranged from .72 to .84. Intelligence profiles replicated across test–retest occasions significantly above chance levels (Mdnκ = .32). The results render more precisely the usefulness of interpreting intelligence profiles, which has previously been called into question in general.
Predictive Modeling of Depression and Anxiety using Electronic Health Records and a Novel Machine Learning Approach with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nemesure Matthew David , Huang Raphael , Jacobson Nicholas C.
Published: June 2020

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly prevalent and impairing problems, but frequently go undetected, leading to substantial treatment delays. Electronic health records (EHRs) collect a great deal of biometric markers and patient characteristics that could foster the detection of GAD and MDD in primary care settings. We approached the problem of predicting MDD and GAD using a novel machine learning pipeline to re-analyze data from an observational study. The pipeline constitutes an ensemble of algorithmically distinct machine learning methods, including deep learning. A sample of 4,184 undergraduate students completed the study, undergoing a general health screening and completing a psychiatric assessment for MDD and GAD. After explicitly excluding all psychiatric information, 59 biomedical and demographic features from the general health survey in addition to a set of engineered features were used for model training. We assessed the model's performance on a held-out test set and found an AUC of 0.73 (sensitivity: 0.66, specificity: 0.7) and 0.67 (sensitivity: 0.55, specificity: 0.7) for GAD, and MDD, respectively. Additionally, we used advanced techniques (SHAP values) to illuminate which features had the greatest impact on prediction for each disease. The top predictive features for MDD were being satisfied with living conditions and having public health insurance. The top predictive features for GAD were vaccinations being up to date and marijuana use. Our results indicate moderate predictive performance for the application of machine learning methods in detection of GAD and MDD based on EHR data. By identifying important predictors of GAD and MDD, these results may be used in future research to aid in the early detection of MDD and GAD.
Blindsight is qualitatively degraded conscious vision
Authors: Phillips Ian
Published: June 2020

Blindsight is a neuropsychological condition defined by residual visual function following destruction of primary visual cortex. This residual visual function is almost universally held to include capacities for voluntary discrimination in the total absence of awareness. So conceived, blindsight has had an enormous impact on the scientific study of consciousness. It is held to reveal a dramatic disconnect between performance and awareness and used to motivate diverse claims concerning the neural and cognitive basis of consciousness. Here I argue that this orthodox understanding of blindsight is fundamentally mistaken. Drawing on models from signal detection theory in conjunction with a wide range of behavioral and first-person evidence, I content that blindsight is severely and qualitatively degraded but nonetheless conscious vision, unacknowledged due to conservative response biases. Psychophysical and functional arguments to the contrary are answered. A powerful positive case for the qualitatively degraded conscious vision hypothesis is then presented, detailing a set of distinctive predictions borne out by the data. Such data are further used to address the question of what it is like to have blindsight, as well as to explain the conservative and selectively unstable response criteria exhibited by blindsight subjects. On the view defended, blindsight does not reveal any dissociation between performance and awareness, nor does it speak to the neural or cognitive requirements for consciousness. A foundation stone of consciousness science requires radical reconsideration.
Please avoid the standardized alpha and the ordinal alpha
Authors: Moss Jonas
Published: June 2020

Coefficient alpha is the most widely used measure of reliability. A cousin of coefficient alpha is the standardized alpha, which is calculated from the correlation matrix instead of the covariance matrix. This paper makes the case that standardized alpha should never be used. It is worse than coefficient alpha as an estimator of the congeneric reliability, there are superior estimators of the standardized reliability, and standardization should be avoided to begin with. Ordinal alpha, the standardized alpha based on the polychoric correlation matrix, should also be avoided, as it has no concrete interpretation. We propose a concrete variant of the ordinal alpha and show how its related to the ordinal alpha.
Novel occurrence of Acute Ischaemic Stroke and DVT simultaneously in a patient of Scrub Typhus: A Case report
Authors: Chowdhury Sampurna , Mukherjee Rishav , Sinha Pradip Kumar
Published: June 2020

Orientia tsutsugumashi ( erstwhile Rickettsia tsutsugumashi) is an obligate intracellular bacteria that is showing re-emergence in the last decade in eastern India 1-3. Commonly it causes acute febrile illness with rash and multiple organ involvement including CNS - In fact, Scrub encephalopathy has become a common cause of AES in recent times. Although pathogenesis of Scrub typhus is still uncertain, research on other Rickettsiales suggest infection of endothelial cells and vascular dysfunction to be the main mechanism. Based on that pathology we report two very rare manifestations - Acute Ischaemic Stroke and DVT in a single patient of Scrub typhus, occurring simultaneously. No such simultaneous occurrence has been reported in literature till date.
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura with hematochezia in an adult patient
Authors: Manappallil Robin George , Kumar Pradeep , Anand Thushara
Published: June 2020

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a self-limiting vasculitic disease, commonly seen in children. It is characterized by palpable purpura, arthritis, hematuria and abdominal pain. Hematochezia is an uncommon symptom. The patient being reported is an adult male who presented with vomiting, abdominal pain and hematochezia, followed by appearance of palpable purpura and arthritis. He was diagnosed to have HSP. Hematochezia as one of the initial presentations of HSP in adults is an uncommon scenario.
Study of cord blood albumin as a predictor of neonatal jaundice
Authors: Sapkota Pabitra , Gami Fakir Chandra
Published: June 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a commonly encountered condition in the neonates during first week of life. Early discharge of healthy term newborns is a common practice, because of the risk of nosocomial infections, social causes like in early naming ceremony, and also due to economical constrains. In significant number of newborns, neonatal hyperbilirubinemiais the most common cause for readmission. There is concern regarding early discharge of healthy term newborns due to reports of bilirubin induced brain damage resulting in sequel like kernicterus .There are reports of bilirubin induced brain damage  which occurred in healthy term neonates even without hemolysis and the clinical outcome could be serious. The need for early detection of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborns is therefore important.
Aims and Objective: The objective of the study was to find whether cord blood albumin can be considered as a predictor of neonatal jaundice. The study also explored for any possible associations of different factors like gender, birth weight and mode of delivery with the occurrence of neonatal jaundice.
Materials and Methods: The hospital based cross sectional study enrolled 100 healthy term newborns from August 2016-July 2017. Cord blood was sent for albumin level and blood group estimation. All babies were assessed for clinical jaundice using Krammer criteria and confirmed by estimation of total serum bilirubin level on the fourth day of life.
Results: Correlation of cord blood albumin with the fourth day bilirubin level revealed negative correlation (r value of - 0.455) with p value of 0.000 which was highly significant. However, there was no correlation between cord blood albumin level with  total serum bilirubin level of more than 17mg/dl (neonatal hyperbilirubinemia) that required phototherapy or exchange transfusion (p value of >0.005). Similarly, the study found no statistically significant association of neonatal jaundice with gender, weight and mode of delivery of the neonates.
Conclusion: Cord blood albumin can be a risk factor rather than a diagnostic tool which can give a clue to possibility of high bilirubin level during neonatal period. There was no statistical significance seen between cord blood albumin level with total serum bilirubin level of ≥ 17mg/dl (neonatal hyperbilirubinemia) that required phototherapy or exchange transfusion.
A Geriatric Care unit on a Par with that of Pediatric, Can Now be Considered as the Need of the Hour
Authors: Singh Arambam Giridhari
Published: June 2020

Not available
Low Dose Computed Tomography in Diagnosis of Ureteric Calculus in Obese Patients
Authors: Gautam Mahesh , Ullah Aziz , Pathak Manish Raj
Published: June 2020

Background: Standard dose computed tomography is standard imaging modality in diagnosis of urolithiasis. The introduction of low dose techniques results in decrease radiation dose without significant change in image quality. However, the image quality of low dose computed tomography is affected by skin fold thickness and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. The aim of this study to evaluate stone location, size, and density using low dose computed tomography compared with standard dose computed tomography in obese population.

Material and Methods: This non-randomized non-inferiority trial includes 120 patient having BMI≥25kg/m2 with acute ureteric colic. The low dose and standard dose computed tomography were performed accordingly. Effective radiation doses were calculated from dose-length product obtained from scan report using conversion factor of 0.015. The images were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction algorithm. Effective dose, number and size of stone, Hounsfield Unit value of stone and image quality was assessed.

Results: Stones were located in 69 (57.5%) in right and 51 (42.5%) in left ureter. There was no statistical difference in mean diameter, number and density of stones in low dose as compared with standard dose. The radiation dose was significantly lower with low dose. (3.68 mSv) The delineation of the ureter, outline of the stones and image quality in low dose was overall sufficient for diagnosis. No images of low dose scan were subjectively rated as non-diagnostics.

Conclusion: Low dose computed tomography with iterative reconstruction technique is as effective as standard dose in diagnosis of ureteric stones in obese patients with lower effective radiation dose.
The Influencing Role of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in the Establishment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Shah Ram Sagar , Tamang Rabindra
Published: June 2020

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is regarded as non-malignant growth of prostatic tissueIt is the most common benign tumor in men, and the incidence is age related. In men aged more than 50 years, it is the fourth most prevalent disease. This study aim to determine the association of benign prostatic hyperplasia with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension and this may help to bring out new dimensions in management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: Five hundred forty patients, diagnosed as benign enlargement of prostate with control group 270 at Urology out patient door between May 2018 to February 2019 with approval of Institutional review committee, were included. Patient with history of prostate cancer, neurogenic bladder, those who had undergone surgical intervention for prostate, not willing to take part in study were excluded.

Results: Age range in cases and control were from 41–94 years. Diabetes was present in 14.63% of cases and 11.85% of controls. The positive association was established between prostatic hyperplasia and Diabetes (P-0.27). Hypertension was present in 37.96% of cases and 29.63% of controls (P-0.019). Diabetes and Hypertension were present in 56.48% in cases and 43.33% in control (P-0.000).

Conclusion: Study suggests that benign prostatic hyperplasia is associated with diabetes mellitus and hypertension and may help to bring out new dimensions in management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.