bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Pharmacological Care for Postpartum Depression and Postpartum PTSD in Russia: Socio-Economic Factors
Authors: Kharchenko A.A. , Yurieva V.S. , Yakupova V.A. , Suarez A.D.
Published: August 2024

Aim. This study examined socio-economic factors and their relationship to access to professional care (pharmaceutical and psychological), as well as the relationship between the presence/absence of psychological and pharmacological care and the severity of symptoms of postpartum depression (PD) and PTSD after childbirth. Materials and methods. The study involved 2,574 women aged 18–43 years (M=31,03, SD=4,29) who gave birth to one or more children during the 12 months preceding the survey. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale [11] in Yakupova's adaptation [35]. Postpartum PTSD was assessed using the City Birth Trauma Scale [8] in Yakupova's adaptation [2]. In addition, socio-demographic data were collected (education level, income level, family status, place of residence), information about previously diagnosed and current mental health problems, and the types of assistance received. Results and conclusions. The data obtained show that only a small percentage of women with severe symptoms of postpartum depression and postpartum PTSD seek psychological or pharmacological help (11% and 9.3%, respectively). Socio-economic factors such as higher education, higher economic status, residence in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the presence of a spouse are associated with a rarer manifestation of PD and PTSD after childbirth and more frequent seeking psychological and pharmacological help. In Russia, there is an urgent issue of informing about postpartum mood disorders, their diagnosis, as well as the issue of access to professional help.
Psychosexuality of Adolescents with Substance Abuse
Authors: Malygin V.L. , Balashova Y.S. , Merkurieva Y.A. , Iskandirova A.S. , Pahtusova E.E.
Published: August 2024

Relevance. There is a sufficient number of studies dedicated to risky sexual behavior and the consumption of drugs among teens. Fever features are described of psychosexual behavior of teens who use drugs, emotionally cognitive patterns that are influencing teen sexual behavior. Research purpose. To analyze the characteristics of psychosexuality in teens who consume drugs. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 78 people with their age varying from 14 to 20. Experimental group: 39 people with an average age of 15,8±1,37 (20 females and 19 males abusing drugs) 1) socio-demographic questionnaire; 2) questionnaire on the use of drugs; 3) ayzenka sexual attitudes questionnaire; 4) questionnaire «what is your intimacy quotient»; 5) questionnaire on negative childhood experience (ace); 6) young’s scheme questionnaire (ysq s3r). Results and conclusion. Teens who are consuming drugs are experiencing difficulties in constructing close and trustworthy relationships, shy and lack confidence, tend to see their partner as an object to receive pleasure from. Statistics tell us that they were abused or had problems in their family. An early study of maladaptive schemes allowed us to describe a unique cognitive-behavioral portrait of teens who are abusing drugs. Teens belief in the unreliability and instability of significant others makes it difficult to develop intimate relationships. Underdeveloped ability to manage and regulate their life without the help of others. Presence of tendencies towards protest behavior ad distancing.
The Role of Subjective Age in the System of Psychological Factors in the Course of the Disease in Men with Prostate Cancer. Part I. Subjective Age and Quality of Life in Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sergienko E.A. , Tsiring D.A. , Pakhomova Y.N. , Ponomareva I.V.
Published: August 2024

Relevance. Prostate cancer remains one of the major public health problems worldwide, as it is accompanied by high rates of morbidity and mortality. Purpose. The work is devoted to the study of the role of subjective age in the system of psychological factors of the course of the disease in men with prostate cancer; in this part of the work, attention is focused on the relationship between subjective age and quality of life. Materials and methods. The study involved 127 men aged 53 to 85 years (М=68; Ме=69; SD=10,27) diagnosed with prostate cancer (stage I of the disease – 16 men; stage II – 64; stage III – 13; IV – 34; favorable course of the disease – 40 people, unfavorable - 61). In addition to socio-demographic data, subjective age was studied (B. Barak questionnaire in adaptation by E.A. Sergienko, 2011), quality of life – subjective health assessments (SF-36 questionnaire in adaptation by K.G. Gurevich, E.G. Fabrikant, 2008). This work consists of two parts describing the role of subjective age in the system of psychological factors in men with prostate cancer. Part I of the article is devoted to the analysis of the role of subjective age and quality of life assessments. Three subgroups were identified according to estimates of subjective age: those who feel younger than their passport age (80 people), adequate to their age (44 people) and older (3 people). Results and conclusions. The analysis of men with different perceptions of subjective age with a favorable and unfavorable course of the disease was carried out. It is shown that men who feel younger concentrate on the physical aspects of health and their own vitality, fearing for the level of their own activity and compliance with gender functioning, regardless of the prosperous/dysfunctional course of the disease.
Burnout Prevalence among Resident Physicians in the Russian Federation: Factors Analysis and Prevention Approaches
Authors: Tuillet P.S. , Ledovskiy V.I. , Sirota N.A. , Madyanova V.V.
Published: August 2024

Health care workers' psychological well-being programs, including the prevention of burnout, from the very early stages of their medical career, is becoming an increasingly important task of the personnel management policy in the health care system. Aim. To determine the burnout prevalence among resident physicians studying in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of the nationwide survey in which 434 respondents involved in 56 specialties of residency training took part. The median age of the respondents was 25 [24-26] (Me [Q1-Q3]) years old. Within the framework of the survey the method of diagnostics of emotional burnout syndrome Maslach K., Jackson S. (MBI), adapted by Vodopyanova N.E. and Starchenkova E.S., Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), as well as questions aimed at determining the factors associated with the burnout in resident physicians were used. Results. The results of the study showed that most residents (85,5%) were diagnosed with high and extremely high levels of burnout; 70.5% of respondents had high levels of anxiety, and 54,3% were diagnosed with depression of varying degrees of severity. The factors associated with the presence of burnout were female gender, difficult financial situation, smoking and alcohol consumption, insomnia, poor health, low commitment to the profession of a medical worker, lack of support from colleagues, monotonous work tasks and lack of prospects for career development. Conclusion. Identification, description as well as further correction of potentially modifiable factors associated with burnout of residents is an important part of planning a new personnel strategy of healthcare system, where one of the most important elements is protection of psychological well-being of medical workers and psychological support of their clinical practice.
Estimating the Maximum Magnitude of Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas Field, the Netherlands
Authors: Bommer Julian J. , van Elk Jan , Zoback Mark D.
Published: August 2024

Gas production in the Groningen field in the northern Netherlands began in 1963. Since 1991, many production-induced earthquakes have occurred—the largest reaching magnitude M 3.5 in 2012. In October 2023, the Dutch government closed the field—a decision that was justified by the potential threat of larger earthquakes occurring with continued gas extraction. This outcome highlights how the estimation of maximum magnitude for induced earthquakes can have important implications for risk perception by regulators and the public. Thus, the estimation of maximum magnitude for induced earthquakes that are not physically realizable can lead to unwarranted conservatism. Over almost three decades, considerable effort has been invested by several researchers to estimate the maximum magnitude of induced earthquakes in Groningen. These efforts culminated in international workshops focusing exclusively on this question in 2016 and 2022. The purpose of these workshops was to inform the decision-making of an expert panel charged with formulating a logic tree for the maximum magnitude of Groningen earthquakes. We argue that the evaluation of the final distribution of maximum magnitudes is overly conservative in terms of the largest events induced in the reservoir and, most importantly, the likelihood of triggering even larger tectonic earthquakes outside the gas-producing reservoir. Given the serious and far-reaching consequences of maximum magnitude estimates, we reconsider the approach of these assessments to draw lessons that may be critical for future energy-related projects associated with induced seismicity.
Use of VR Technology in Research on Migrants
Authors: Saroka Volha
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the issue of migration has become increasingly significant. Migration, whether voluntary or forced, can have a positive or a negative impact on an individual's well-being. One of the tools that can aid in adapting to a new situation is virtual reality (VR). This article presents a pilot study on migrants, in which VR technology was used in conjunction with art therapy. A phenomenological approach to conducting art therapy was applied during a series of four sessions. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the results. The findings indicate that virtual space has great potential to create an environment for self-discovery, and it can also be a good field for research on embodied cognition.
Understanding the Underdetermination Thesis in Philosophy of Technology
Authors: Łach Tomasz
Published: August 2024

The aim of the text is to answer the question: how should the thesis of underdetermination be understood in the field of research on technology? What does this thesis help explain? What difficulties can be seen in adopting it? First, I present the context of the thesis and its first formulation in the philosophy of technology. Then I present a case study that illustrates the mechanism reconstructed in the thesis and, at the same time, an argument for its adoption. It is also a model example of an analysis conducted within SCOT (Social Construction of Technology)—the social construction of technology. Then I reconstruct an alternative formulation of the thesis—it is not mutually exclusive with Feenberg’s proposal, but in my opinion it can be treated as its specification. Finally, I present the main consequences of adopting this thesis.
Ethical Behaviorism and Relational Turn as Two Manifestations of Anti-Anthropocentrism
Authors: Musiał Maciej
Published: August 2024

This text discusses three positions within the debate on the moral status of robots. The first, referred to as the “orthodox” position, expresses the still-dominant anthropocentric view in contemporary Western culture, which assigns humans a privileged, central status due to their unique qualities such as consciousness, emotions, free will, etc. The two alternative positions to the orthodox view, ethical behaviorism and relational turn, propose different criteria for attributing moral status than the aforementioned qualities and are interpreted as manifestations of a tendency to deny the unique ontological and axiological status of humans. In the case of ethical behaviorism, humans are “trivialized” to the level of other entities in a reductionist-naturalistic manner, whereas the relational turn involves “extraordinarizing” the non-human by re-legitimizing magical thinking in a posthumanist spirit. Thus, the article illustrates how contemporary cultural tendencies towards dual elimination of human uniqueness, based on reductionist naturalism and magical posthumanism, are revealed in the discussion on the moral status of robots.
Virtual Experience in the Context of the Dispute Between Virtual Realists and Fictionalists
Authors: Jędrejek Tomir
Published: August 2024

Today, the impact of virtual reality (VR) and virtual experiences on our lives is growing. Virtual environments are used in psychological therapy and skills training, which can be applied in real-life situations. The aim of the article is to compare two positions, i.e., virtual realism and virtual fictionalism, which attribute different ontological and epistemological statuses to virtual reality. According to realists, virtual reality is a genuine reality, where the subject directly interacts with the virtual environment and objects without having to imagine that these objects exist. Fictionalists, on the other hand, believe that virtual environments and objects do not exist in reality, and interaction with them is based on a make-believe game relying on imagination. The article argues that virtual experience is not identical to fictional experience. Contrary to fictionalists, virtual experience is not based on imagination and significantly differs from engaging with fiction. Instead of explaining virtual experience as a make-believe game, it is more natural to describe it in terms of real interaction between the user and the interactive virtual environment
Arquivo Lima Barreto, uma memória para o mundo:
Authors: Juvêncio Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2024

Busca compreender a importância da nominação da Coleção Lima Barreto, custodiada pela Seção de Manuscritos da Biblioteca Nacional, como Memória do Mundo pela Unesco a luz da noção de memória subterrânea de Pollak (1989). Parte da premissa de que a Coleção Lima Barreto, para além de representar o escritor, é um importante elemento social na medida em que eterniza uma pessoa negra, descendente de pessoas escravizadas e que sofreu durante boa parte de sua vida com as auguras do preconceito de classe, cor e de vulnerabilidade social. Utiliza como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando referenciais teóricos sobre o arquivo pessoal e sua relação com a memória, além de buscar compreender o Programa Memória do Mundo da Unesco. Conclui que é importante que se tire dos subterrâneos as memórias de inúmeros grupos que compõem o social, mas que não se fazem presentes nas instituições de memória.
The Consequences of Non-Tariff Trade Barriers: Theory and Evidence from Import Licenses in Argentina. Preliminary Results
Authors: Bernini Federico , García-Lembergman Ezequiel , Juarez Leticia
Published: August 2024

As WTO regulations rendered tariffs less viable, the trade policy landscape experienced a significant transformation: Non-tariff barriers have proliferated, becoming a central instrument of countries trade policy. How do Non-Tariff Import Barriers affect downstream firms? What role do firm market power and market concentration play in shaping the effects of these barriers? This paper investigates the effects of import licenses (NAILs) in Argentina from 2005 to 2011. We construct a novel database with yearly data on products that require import licenses to analyze the causal effects of NAILs on firms imports, exports, and employment. Our empirical strategy leverages the staggered introduction of NAILs as a unique opportunity for causal identification. We find that NAILs significantly reduce firm imports, leading firms reliant on these imported inputs to decrease exports and employment. In a trade model with oligopolistic competition in export markets, we provide conditions under which firms market power can shape the aggregate impact of NAILs. In markets where a firm is relatively large, it can respond to NAILs by adjusting its markups while maintaining relatively stable prices and output. This reduces the overall impact on consumer prices in more concentrated markets.
Lost in Translation: The Human Resource Business Partner in a Scandinavian Context
Authors: Häll Agneta
Published: August 2024

Business partnerships and human resource transformation (HRT), marketed since the late 1990s as solutions for human resource management (HRM), have spread widely, mainly in US, Europe, and Scandinavian organizations. This paper problematizes the contextualization of the human resource business partner (HRBP) model, the key component of the HRT concept, in a global cor- porate group’s Swedish HR function, based on an in-depth empirical case. The paper shows that the HRBP model created tensions and ambiguities for HR practitioners working as HRBPs in their daily work due to the mismatch between the objectives of this work role and the actual requested work, complicating their relationship with line managers. Broadly, this means that this management model does not fit the Scandinavian work context. A modified HRBP role is proposed to incorporate closer cooperation within the HR function.
Una mirada al sistema de indexación de revistas científicas, caso: ciencias de la educación
Authors: Villalba Gómez Jairo A. , Losada Sierra Manuel
Published: August 2024

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A GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRESIDENTE MÉDICI/RO: DO ATERRO SANITÁRIO À RECICLAGEM
Authors: Da Silva Filho José Ribeiro , Simiao Cleber dos Santos , Batista da Costa Matos Gleimiria
Published: August 2024

Ao longo das últimas décadas, modificações no comportamento de consumo tem contribuído significativamente para a maximização da geração de resíduos sólidos, sobretudo em grandes centros urbanos. Em consonância, emergem esforços orientados para o desenvolvimento e a adoção de medidas capazes de mitigar os impactos das ações antropogênicas sobre o meio ambiente, o que inclui o descarte dos resíduos. Conquanto, tais ações requerem o engajamento do poder público e da sociedade civil, de maneira integrada. Ante a esse panorama, a pesquisa realizada teve como objetivo identificar a destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Presidente Médici/RO, bem como verificar aspectos concernentes aos custos e a agregação de valor que pode ser atribuída a reutilização do referido material. Para tanto, empregou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva e com abordagem mista, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de observação direta, análise de documentos e de registros em arquivos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a maior parte dos resíduos são descartados em aterro sanitário, sendo que a minoria é reciclada, o que ocorre devido a coleta realizada pela associação municipal de catadores RECICLAMÉDICI. Também observou-se que apesar da reciclagem contribuir para a minimização dos gastos públicos relacionados à coleta e ao descarte do material, bem como proporcionar renda aos indivíduos que atuam com a atividade, pontos importantes quanto a logística e a equipamentos para processamento são determinantes para a maximização da eficiência do processo de reciclagem praticado pelo município.
BIOECONOMIA COMO FERRAMENTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DO BRASIL E PRESERVAÇÃO DA AMAZÔNIA - UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Alves Campelo Daniel , Vaz Salbe Junior Mauro Silvio , Bahia Lopes Maria Lúcia
Published: August 2024

Diante das mudanças climáticas e urgente necessidade de preservar a biodiversidade mundial, emergiu no debate global, no seio das conferências da ONU, uma alternativa ao atual modelo de produção baseado no processamento de recursos fósseis, a Bioeconomia, com a premissa de uma economia sustentável como única forma possível de preservar o clima e o planeta para as gerações futuras, ao passo em que promoveria o desenvolvimento aos países ainda emergentes. Neste contexto ganha importância o Brasil, por sempre estar no centro do debate pela preservação ambiental e por ser detentor do maior patrimônio biológico do planeta, sendo a Amazônia, pela sua importância como bioma e cenário de inúmeros conflitos socioeconômicos, o laboratório ideal da bioeconomia. Neste contexto, faremos um compilado do panorama atual da bioeconomia e como Brasil e Amazônia podem se beneficiar com os seus diversos usos.
Optimal Values of Power Equipment Parameters when Degassing of Solid Municipal Waste Polygons
Authors: Morozenko M.I.
Published: August 2024

The possibility of using the energy values of landfill gas to generate electrical and thermal energy based on a contact cogeneration gas turbine installation has been studied. The optimal values degree of increase pressure in the cycle are determined, which make it possible to determine the maximum specific electrical power and thermodynamic efficiency of a cogeneration gas turbine installation with steam injection, in which landfill gas from solid waste landfills is used as an energy carrier. It is concluded that using the proposed engineering solution, landfill gas from municipal solid waste can be usefully implemented in a cogeneration contact gas turbine installation, which will save the country's national wealth and at the same time solve pressing problems of modern cities associated with the disposal of municipal solid waste.
Assessment of the Area of Сontaminated Territory Near Facilities of Accumulated Environmental Damage
Authors: Anisimov P.I. , Pichiughin E.A.
Published: August 2024

An approach is presented to assessing the area of territory where the environment is subject to negative impacts due to the location of a facility of Accumulated Negative Impact on Environment (ANIE) using geostatistical methods (methods of the kriging "family"). The results of calculating the area of the ANIE facility on the adjacent territory using the developed algorithm using the Python software product are presented. Based on the results of the analysis of the negative impact of 20 ANIE facilities, it was concluded that the area of influence of the ANIE facility on the adjacent territory exceeds the area of the ANIE facilty by an average of 16.5 times.
Characterization and Evaluation of Native Bacillus thuringiensis Isolate T121 Toxic to Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)1
Authors: Arumugam Eniya , Venkatasamy Balasubramani , Marimuthu Murugan , Muthurajan Raveendran , Lakshmanan Pugalendhi , Rajasekaran Raghu , Gothandaraman Rajadurai , Eswaran Kokiladevi
Published: August 2024

The present study focused on the molecular characterization and toxicity analysis of the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) isolate T121 against Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Colonies of T121 growing on solid media were circular, with creamy white hues and raised centers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of cuboidal and spherical crystals in liquid media. Polymerase chain reaction screening confirmed the presence of binary toxin vip1 and vip2 in addition to cry3Aa gene. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed four prominent bands at 74, 65, 48, and 31 kDa. In toxicity assays, T121 exhibited a median lethal concentration of 4.675 µg/ml against H. vigintioctopunctata. These findings demonstrate that the Bt isolate T121 offers promising prospects for development as a component of a sustainable pest management strategy against H. vigintioctopunctata and perhaps other coleopteran pests.
Endotracheal Cuff Pressure in Different Positions in Patients Posted for Surgery under General Anaesthesia: An Observational Study
Authors: Vasantha Naga Seshu Kumari , Kaparti Lavanya , Madhusudana Ravi , Nabi Syed Hazarath
Published: August 2024

Background: The ideal endotracheal tube cuff pressure to prevent aspiration is 20-30cmH2O. Lower pressures will result in aspiration and high pressures will lead to tracheal mucosal injuries. Change in patient position may also lead to change in cuff pressures. Our study mainly aims at measuring the cuff pressures in supine, Trendelenberg, reverse Trendelenberg, neck flexion and rotation to one side.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance and patient consent. 50 patients of ASA Classes I and II were included. All patients were intubated with Romson cuffed endotracheal tubes of size 7.5mm for females and 8.5mm for males. The cuff was inflated and cuff pressure set at 28cm H2O using CuffillsR syringe. With head in neutral position, cuff pressure was measured in 15 degree Trendelenberg and reverse Trendelenberg positions. Using angle meter app, the angles were fixed for flexion, extension, and rotation to one side at 30 degrees. The cuff pressure was recorded after 120 seconds after placing the patient in all these positions.
Results: The cuff pressure increased by 12.48cm H2O flexion and the cuff pressure increased to 33.22cm H2O in extension. The cuff pressure increased to 38.10cmH2O on rotation, increased by 10.58cmH2O from neutral position in Trendelenberg position and increased by 8.74cmH2O in reverse Trendelenberg position.
Conclusion: The cuff pressure changed significantly in all the positions.
Comparing the Effect of Acupressure and Oral Midazolam on Controlling Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Ebrahimsoltani Alireza , Goudarzi Mehrdad , Maleki Anahid , Malekianzadeh Bita
Published: August 2024

Background: Preoperative anxiety in children is a common problem that can affect the anesthesia and postoperative period. Numerous methods, mainly pharmacological ones, have been used for controlling preoperative stress. Acupressure is a simple, noninvasive, and cost-effective method that has been used as a perioperative medicine for controlling pain or preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. The present study aimed to comparatively investigate the effect of acupressure and oral midazolam on preoperative anxiety control.
Methods: 76 patients were randomly included in the study before surgery. Whereas in one group, 0.5 mg/kg oral midazolam was prescribed 15 minutes before the induction, in another group, acupressure of EXHN-3 point was applied for 15 minutes. In both groups, the patients’ separation anxiety level, Ramsay score, recovery length, and RN satisfaction factor were recorded and compared.
Results: Children aged 1–7 years received either oral midazolam or acupressure. Although the children in the midazolam group had lower rates of preoperative anxiety and showed easier separation from their parents, the difference was not statistically significant P= (0.076). Ramsay sedation scale, was compared in the two groups. The overall difference was not statistically significant. The satisfaction of the PACU nurse was recorded using a 4-point scale. The two groups were statistically comparable in this regard (P=0.155). The only variable with a significant difference between the two groups was the mean recovery time, which was significantly shorter in acupressure group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Acupressure can reduce preoperative anxiety in children; however, this effect is less than the effect of oral midazolam.
Effect of Epidural Anesthesia on Cancer Recurrence after Curative Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Montasseri Alireza , Nabavian Omid , Eslami Babak , Zehra Enab
Published: August 2024

Background: Anesthesia techniques significantly impact the long-term and short-term outcomes after cancer surgery such as cancer recurrence, post-discharge hospitalizations, and duration of hospitalization, probably by decreasing the neuroendocrine stress response during surgery, reducing opioid requirement, reducing post-operation nausea vomiting, and pain, and interacting with the immune system. Research in recent years has provided ample evidence that epidural anesthesia produces better post-operation outcomes compared to general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of epidural anesthesia on cancer recurrence after surgery in gastrointestinal cancer patients.
Methods: To perform this study medical records from the archive of gastrointestinal cancer patients who have undergone surgery at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) from the years 1390 to 1400 were used. The variables required for the study were obtained from the records. The data obtained were analyzed by the SPSS software and the significance value of < 0.05 was considered.
Results: Our study included 8987 patients out of which 1673 patients received epidural anesthesia. Cancer recurrence was reported after 90 days and 180 days and for the type of surgery (using or not using epidural anesthesia) B value for 90 days and 180 days was 0.079 and 0.018 respectively. Thus causality was not established for the type of surgery with recurrence of cancer.
Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that the rate of gastrointestinal cancer recurrence after surgery is not influenced by having or not having epidural anesthesia.
Incidental Finding of Parasagittal Meningioma Following the Occurrence of Myoclonic Seizure after the Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Honarmand Azim , Hoghooghy Alireza , Mahabadi Amir , Safavi Mohammad Reza , Nazemroaya Behzad
Published: August 2024

In the present manuscript, an 87-year-old man, who was a candidate for knee joint replacement surgery due to severe osteoarthritis of the right knee, was case reported. He underwent neuroaxial anesthesia. Following spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.5% in the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra, the patient developed myoclonic seizures in the lower limbs and abdomen that lasted during the surgery, as well. Due to the continuation of the seizures, the necessary examinations were performed and an extra-axial tumor in the left parasagittal was detected in the patient’s brain imaging.
Piège à ffiscalité : le cas de l'économie gabonaise
Authors: Bidzo Médard Mengue
Published: August 2024

La persistance de la crise économique et fi nancière actuelle en Grèce enseigne que la combinaison d'une augmentation du taux d'imposition avec des mesures d'austérité dans les périodes de récession engendre un cercle vicieux où s'enchainent diminution des recettes fi scales, baisse du produit intérieur brut et augmentation du rapport dette public sur le PIB. Ce mécanisme est connu sous l'appellation de trappe à fi scalité. Nous avons vérifi é, grâce à la Méthode des Moments Généralisés en système (MMG), que l'économie gabonaise est déjà prise dans ce piège.
La croissance inclusive et le développement social : Investigation empirique à l'aide des modèles ECM cas du Maroc
Authors: Kchirid El Mustapha , Adouka Lakhdar , Bouguelli Zohra
Published: August 2024

La problématique de la croissance inclusive fait revivre les débats sur les politiques économiques de lutte contre la pauvreté et de développement durable dans les pays en développement. Afi n de réduire sensiblement la pauvreté, le rythme rapide de la croissance n'est pas seulement nécessaire, il doit être durable, à long terme et à grande échelle dans tous les secteurs. La pauvreté et la croissance ont été beaucoup discutées et analysées, séparément, par les décideurs politiques dans les décennies précédentes. Quant à la stratégie de croissance inclusive, celle-ci est une intégration de ces deux courants d'analyses, qui implique des relations entre la déterminante macro et micro économique de la croissance. Cet article examine la nature de la relation entre l'environnement macroéconomique et les indicateurs de développement social, en utilisant d'abord la méthode de régression multiple et, par la suite, les modèles vectoriels autorégressifs, comme proposé par Toda Yamamoto (1995), dans le but de déterminer le sens de la causalité entre les principales variables macro-économiques, en prenant comme cas d'application le Maroc au cours de la période 1980-2011. Par ailleurs, cette étude examine de façon critique le paradigme de la croissance inclusive, en explorant les stratégies de croissance inclusive mises en place par les décideurs politiques marocains. Cet examen permettra de voir si ces stratégies sont un mythe ou une réalité, grâce à l'identifi cation et la hiérarchisation des contraintes spécifi ques au Maroc, en matière de dépenses, de santé et d'éducation ainsi que la promotion de cette croissance durable et inclusive dans l'agriculture et le développement rural.
Les marchés de matières premières entre turbulences et incertitudes
Authors: Redslob Alain
Published: August 2024

Le cycle des matières premières dépend d'évolutions si diff érentes qu'il a été délibérément choisi de dissocier les biens énergétiques de ceux qui ne le sont pas comme des denrées agricoles. Déroulant une analyse tant en termes de quantités que de prix, cette contribution décèle et explique les tendances lourdes de ces marchés à la lumière du passé comme de l'actualité récente, tout en tentant d'en pronostiquer les perspectives probables.
Cliométrie de l'enseignement supérieur : une analyse expérimentale de la théorie de l'engorgement
Authors: Diebolt Claude , Jaoul-Grammare Magali
Published: August 2024

L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les stratégies des étudiants dans leurs choix scolaires et de tester expérimentalement, le modèle de l'engorgement (Diebolt 2001). Nous reprenons l'expérience menée lors d'un travail préliminaire paru en document de travail (Jaoul-Grammare 2007) et la complétons par une analyse des choix selon les caractéristiques individuelles. Si l'expérimentation semble confi rmer le modèle théorique en révélant une sensibilité au gain et au nombre de places disponibles mais une rationalité limitée lors des choix, l'étude menée permet d'affi ner ces résultats en soulignant un impact signifi catif inversé du genre sur la prise en compte du risque ou du gain lors du choix.
Productivite agricole dans l'UEMOA : Une décomposition en efficacité technique et en changement technologique
Authors: Dial Mouhamadou Lamine
Published: August 2024

Cet article analyse la croissance de la productivité totale des facteurs du secteur agricole dans les pays de l'UEMOA. La méthode DEA a été utilisée pour mesurer les indices de Malmquist (1953) de la productivité globale des facteurs avec des données de panel pour la période 1990-2014. Les résultats montrent, d'une part, une contribution plus importante du changement technologique à la productivité agricole et d'autre part, une infl uence plus forte de l'effi cacité d'échelle comparativement à l'effi cacité technique.
La politique de ciblage d'inflation dans les économies émergentes : une évaluation de l'expérience polonaise (1995-2015)
Authors: Poutineau Jean-Christophe , Vermandel Gauthier
Published: August 2024

Cet article évalue le bilan de la politique monétaire polonaise entre 1995 et 2014 à l'aide du cadre d'analyse de la nouvelle économie keynésienne estimé à l'aide de la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance bayésien. Nos résultats montrent que la Banque Nationale de Pologne a été particulièrement réactive à l'inflation puisque l'élasticité du taux d'intérêt à cette variable est de 1,86. L'analyse de la contribution des diff érents types de choc à l'évolution macroéconomique trimestrielle polonaise permet de contraster les facteurs déterminant les fl uctuations de l'activité de ceux aff ectant l'évolution trimestrielle de l'infl ation. Ainsi, les chocs d'off re et de politique monétaire tendent à expliquer la majeure partie des fl uctuations de l'activité tandis que les fl uctuations du taux d'infl ation proviennent de la combinaison des chocs réels d'off re et de demande. Enfi n, une seconde série de résultats, fondés sur une analyse contrefactuelle de la période 1995-2014 permet d'observer que la règle de politique monétaire adoptée par la Banque Nationale de Pologne au cours de cette période ne se distingue pas réellement du scenario "agressif " visant à réagir fortement aux développements inflationnistes et qu'elle a eu un résultat particulièrement efficace sur la stabilisation de l'inflation et de l'activité.
Débat sur l'intégration économique et monétaire européenne : le cas du Portugal
Authors: Andrade João Sousa
Published: August 2024

L'intégration économique et monétaire européenne du Portugal doit être analyseé dans une perspective historique tenant en compte les aspects non seulement économiques mais aussi politiques. Malgré son empirique colonial le Portugal est un pays d'émigrants où l'Europe détient une partie très importante. Les Portugais sont un peuple avec un sentiment européen qui n'oublient pas une dictature qui a duré presque un demi-siècle. Les revenus des Portugais sont aujourd'hui beaucoup plus élevés ainsi que leur niveau de capital fi xe - surtout en infrastructures - et capital humain qu'avant l'intégration européenne. Les problèmes économiques récents de l'économie portugaise sont le résultat de déséquilibres qui se sont développés pendant les années après la Révolution démocratique. L'absence des politiques plus appropriées à une zone monétaire de taux de change fi xe et avec des chocs fi nanciers provoqués par la réduction des taux d'intérêt et l'entrée des fonds structurelles est responsable de la mauvaise performance de l'économie portugaise après 2002. À l'heure actuelle la crise bancaire et de la dette publique interdisent la sortie de l'euro. Mais en dépit de cela les gouvernements et la grande majorité des partis politiques envisagent une intégration plus approfondie de l'union monétaire.
Pour une science économique efficace et une recherche équilibrée
Authors: Landais Bernard
Published: August 2024

Pourquoi utiliser son temps à explorer les problèmes économiques et y réfléchir ? Pourquoi la société accepte-t-elle de nous rémunérer pour le faire en tant qu'enseiutilité sociale. La question se pose d'ailleurs pour toutes les autres disciplines quelles qu'elles soient, qu'il s'agisse des sciences « dures » ou des disciplines littéraires. Un chercheur en biologie accroît le stock des idées utiles pour proposer de nouveaux produits, directement ou indirectement consacrés à accroître le bien être des consommateurs. Les historiens ou les poètes produisent des connaissances ou des émotions qu'ils offrent à leurs contemporains pour améliorer leur vie et parfois même pour lui donner un sens. On pourrait dire que les diverses disciplines apportent leur contribution au bien être soit de façon immédiate soit détournée par une transmission. En ce qui concerne la science économique ce deuxième aspect est prédominant.
Les déterminants de la demande agrégée d'électricité en France
Authors: Bismans Francis , Gnimassoun Blaise
Published: August 2024

Cet article a pour objectif premier d'étudier la demande globale d'électricité à court et à long terme pour la France sur la période 1990-T1 à2015-T3. Il met en oeuvre la méthodologie économétrique connue sous le nom « du général au spécifique » pour estimer un modèle autorégressif à retards échelonnés (ARDL). Ce dernier conduit à une équation finale composée d'une relation de cointégration entre les quatre variables retenues (consommation d'électricité, prix de l'électricité, prix du gaz et PIB réel) et d'un mécanisme à correction d'erreur. À court terme, les déterminants de la demande d'électricité sont principalement constitués par l'occurrence de récessions économiques et par les variations de température.
Déréguler à nouveau la finance ? Le vent qui vient d'Amérique
Authors: Coupez Bernard
Published: August 2024

Dans la lignée du décret présidentiel du 3 février 2017 et du rapport publié le 12 juin 2017, le Trésor consacre un chapitre au positionnement des agences américaines au sein des instances internationales de régulation financière. Il rappelle que, tout en accordant une place importante aux travaux des normalisateurs internationaux, ceux-ci doivent servir la compétitivité de l'industrie financière américaine. Aussi, les agences américaines doivent faire primer les intérêts américains au sein des négociations internationales tout en développant, dans le même temps, des dialogues techniques avec leurs homologues étrangers sur une base bilatérale. Le rapport rappelle en outre la nécessaire amélioration des processus actuels d'élaboration des standards internationaux, qui doivent accorder davantage de place aux études d'impact et aux consultations publiques.
Les déficits jumeaux au Sénégal : Evaluation empirique et caractérisation
Authors: Ndiaye Amath
Published: August 2024

Depuis 1960, année de l'indépendance nationale, le compte courant et le budget de l'Etat du Sénégal connaissent des déficits, bien que différentes réformes budgétaires, commerciales et monétaires aient été entreprises pour les enrayer. A la lumiere de la théorie des déficits jumeaux, nous avons pu établir l'existence d'une corrélation entre les déficits budgétaire et courant du Sénégal, en utilisant la technique de cointégration de Johansen, sur la période allant de 1974 a 2014. Ensuite, a partir des tests de causalité de Granger nous avons pu mettre en évidence une causalité bidirectionnelle entre ces déficits jumeaux d'une part et une causalité unidirectionnelle allant dans le sens du PIB vers ces memes déficits jumeaux d'autre part. Certes, le Sénégal constitue un cas de déficits jumeaux mais ces derniers trouvent leurs origines aussi dans les structures de cette petite économie dépendante qu'est le Sénégal.
Parer aux crises économiques : réussir la politique monétaire?
Authors: Landais Bernard
Published: August 2024

Avant de répondre a la question posée, faut-il encore savoir comment et pourquoi les crises se produisent généralement. Je m'appuie sur un modele explicatif que j'ai appelé Océan et qui s'attache aussi bien aux récessions modérées qu'aux crises économiques et financieres. Ces dernieres ne représentent pas forcément la majorité des cas mais elles marquent l'Histoire et frappent les esprits par leur force et leurs dégâts en termes de production et de chômage. C'est donc plus principalement a elles que l'on pense dans ce débat. L'épisode de 2008, relancé en Europe en 2011, en est un exemple manifeste.
Un réexamen de la relation « inflation - croissance économique » dans les pays africains
Authors: Fouopi Djiogap Constant
Published: August 2024

Ce papier revient sur la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance. Il évalue le rôle de la qualité institutionnelle appréciée par le degré d'indépendance de la banque centrale sur la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance et la détermination du taux d'inflation optimal dans les pays africains. A cet égard, un panel des 53 pays africains sur la période 1980-2013 est utilisé pour effectuer une analyse de régression de panel avec seuil progressif (Panel Smooth Threshold Regression -PSTR- développé par Gonzalez et al. 2005). Un test de robustesse est effectué avec la méthode des moments généralisés en système (GMM). Nos résultats confirment la non-linéarité de la relation inflation-croissance. Cette non-linéarité de la relation inflation croissance est conditionnée par la qualité des institutions. Les pays avec une qualité des institutions plus élevée éprouvent des effets moins sévères d'inflation que les pays ayant une qualité des institutions inférieure. Le taux d'inflation optimal pour les pays africains dépend du régime de change. Ce taux diverge avec ceux trouvés pour les pays développés ainsi que pour ceux de beaucoup de pays en développement.
Conséquences économiques et politiques pour la Pologne qui reste en dehors de la zone Euro
Authors: Gomulka Stanisław
Published: August 2024

Dans le traité d'adhésion du 16 avril 2003, la Pologne a accepté d'adopter l'euro comme monnaie nationale, mais la date de cette adoption n'a pas été spécifiée. La crise financière dans plusieurs pays de la Zone Euro, suite à la crise financière mondiale de 2008, a considérablement réduit le soutien public en Pologne au remplacement du zloty par l'euro. Cet article a deux objectifs. L'un consiste à évaluer les coûts nets, économiques et politiques, de la Pologne restant longtemps en dehors de la Zone Euro. Dans cette évaluation, l'analyse inclut également deux rapports officiels de la Banque Nationale de Pologne, la banque centrale du pays, publiés en 2009 et 2014. L'autre objectif est de noter et d'évaluer les réformes entreprises par les États membres de la Zone Euro en réponse à cette crise, afin de maintenir et de renforcer la stabilité financière et l'efficacité économique des règles adoptées au début de la Zone Euro le 1er janvier 1999. L'auteur suggère de considérer et d'adopter des réformes supplémentaires. Nous discutons également de l'expérience des États-Unis avec leur propre union monétaire et de l'influence potentielle sur les développements politiques dans l'UE de l'augmentation des avantages concurrentiels mondiaux de la Chine et de l'Inde.
Obstacles à l'industrialisation des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Tarno Mamane , Abdo Hassan Maman
Published: August 2024

Cet article essaie, en s ' appuyant sur la littérature et les statistiques existantes, d ' identifier les obstacles au développement des pays d ' Afrique de l ' Ouest, plus précisément les causes de leur désindustrialisation dont le début remonte aux années 1980. L ' analyse a montré que la contreperformance de ces pays est due à leur faible niveau technologique et à la faiblesse de leurs institutions, induisant des coûts de transactions et de production élevés, des difficultés de financement des investissements et d ' autres contraintes dont celles liées à la géographie qui, en portant un coup dur à la compétitivité, ont entravé la construction de l ' espace économique de l ' Afrique de l ' Ouest.
L'invention du shadow banking
Authors: Rehault Pierre-Nicolas , Sauviat Alain
Published: August 2024

L ' essor spectaculaire de l ' intermédiation non-bancaire a donné naissance à une vaste littérature dévolue à l ' analyse du phénomène du shadow banking, considéré comme le principal responsable de la débâcle bancaire et financière de la crise financière de 2007-2008. L ' objectif de cet article est de présenter les racines du phénomène, préalable indispensable afin d ' en établir le rôle dans le financement du crédit. A la lumière de ces éclairages sur les outils de la finance moderne, cet article offre une lecture du phénomène qui mène progressivement à s ' interroger sur le basculement du système financier vers une dynamique de collatéralisation intensive.
Comment économiser la ressource eau en agriculture?
Authors: Benjamin Catherine , Giraldo Hurtado Alejandra
Published: August 2024

L ' irrigation représente plus de 70% de l ' utilisation d ' eau au niveau mondial et cette activité peut non seulement subir la rareté croissante de l ' eau mais aussi contribuer à sa raréfaction. Aussi, ce problème devient plus pressant avec l ' augmentation de la population et l ' exacerbation du changement climatique. L ' amélioration de l ' efficacité de l ' utilisation de l ' eau est généralement présentée comme une opportunité pour réaliser des économies d ' eau dans le secteur agricole. Toutefois, l ' amélioration de l ' efficacité peut avoir un effet non attendu. En raison de modification des comportements individuels des exploitants agricoles, la demande en eau peut augmenter. Cette adaptation de comportement est connue dans la littérature économique sous le nom d ' effet rebond ou paradoxe de Jevons. L ' amélioration de l ' efficacité d ' une technologie d ' usage d ' une ressource peut conduire à l ' augmentation de la consommation de cette ressource, en réduisant les économies attendues. Dans ce papier, nous présentons un cadre théorique pour analyser les incitations des agriculteurs à économiser de l ' eau suite à une amélioration de l ' efficacité du système d ' irrigation. De plus, nous étudions les variations de la demande d ' irrigation sous différents contextes économiques, notamment, suite à un choc dans le prix de l ' énergie. Nos résultats suggèrent que les incitations à faire des économies d ' eau sont fortement liées au contexte énergétique.