bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narodni domovi na Moravskem in v avstrijski Šleziji pred letom 1914
Authors: Galeta Jan
Published: December 2020

Tako imenovani narodni domovi so ena izmed posebnosti ne le arhitekture temveč tudi narodnega preporoda na območju habsburškega cesarstva v obdobju od ok. leta 1850 do leta 1914. Ta središča družabnega življenja so gradila društva in združenja, ne samo za svoje sede- že, temveč tudi z namenom privabiti čim širše občinstvo in s svojimi gledališkimi igrami, plesi, proslavami, predavanji ali restavracijami spodbuditi narodno zavest. Na Moravskem in v Šleziji so tovrstne objekte gradili Čehi, Nemci in Poljaki.

Stavbe s tako jasno opredeljeno nacionalno funkcijo so ponujale tudi priložnost z nacionalno propagando na- govoriti tako svojo okolico kot tudi obiskovalce. To je bilo mogoče doseči z različnimi sredstvi: z izbiro arhitekturnega sloga, ikonografijo arhitekturne dekoracije in umetniških del, prireditvami ob slavnostnih otvoritvah narodnih domov in govori na teh dogodkih, kampanjami v časopisju, katerih namen je bil očrniti narodne domove nasprotnega naroda in njihove obiskovalce ter tudi t. i. »odpadnike«. Članek na konkretnih primerih in v širšem kontekstu predstavlja povezavo med arhitekturo in nacionalno propagando.
Umetnost med cenzuro in propagando v prvi svetovni vojni
Authors: Svoljšak Petra
Published: December 2020

Članek analizira odnos avstrijskega državnega aparata do umetnosti med prvo svetovno vojno. Zelo pomembno vlogo je imela cenzura, ki ji je uspelo nadzirati vsa po- dročja javnega in zasebnega življenja v avstrijski polovici monarhije, medtem ko je bilo upravljanje javnega mnenja v domeni Vojnega tiskovnega urada. Urad je izvajal nadzor nad umetniško propagando in tiskom, knjigami, razglednicami in drugimi javnimi mediji. V članku so analizirana področja dela urada in dejavnost umetniške skupine (Kunstgruppe), v katero so bili vključeni umetniki, ki so na svoj način spodbujali delo vojske; med njimi sta bila iz slovensko govorečih dežel Ivan Vavpotič in Luigi Kasimir. Seznam mobiliziranih umetnikov vsebuje tudi nekatera slavna imena svetovne umetnosti, na primer Oskarja Kokoschko in Egona Schieleja.
Engineering Education: Problems of Modernization in the Context of a Competence Approach
Authors: Almetov Negmatzhan , Zhorabekova Ainur , Sagdullayev Ibragim , Abilhairova Zhanar , Tulenova Kholidin
Published: December 2020

The complex issues of engineering education in a modern university are highlighted in this study from the perspective of the implementation of a competence-based approach. It is worth noting that the development of future basic professional competencies for engineers within a university context requires updating the content of higher education in transition areas with emphasis on results. There is also an opinion that today many characteristics of engineering education need to be improved. However, education in engineering, despite many developments, still falls short of the level of economic, scientific, technical, social, and cultural targets that are required for it to be effective. A defined set of problems for training future engineers in the context of the competency approach are therefore identified here: fundamentalization of the content of engineering education and improving its intellectualization; the formation and development of student engineering creativity; the development of ecological thinking; a humanization of the content of engineering education, and; professional skills and personal self-development for future engineers. These related problems require innovative approaches and solutions to the development of the content and organization of educational process in the preparation of the future engineers at university. The aim of the study is to determine the basic professional competencies of the future engineer and, on this basis, to identify and characterize the fundamental directions and ways of modernizing the content of engineering and technical education in higher education. The research is based on a survey of students and teachers of engineering specialties of M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University, analysis of study programs and academic planning documentation of universities, theoretical analysis of references on the issues of engineering education, pedagogical modeling of the content of engineering education based on a competency-based approach.
Out of the Rock? Terracotta Figurines from Sagalassos in the Sadberk Hanım Museum in Istanbul
Authors: Talloen Peter , Özden-Gerçeker G. Senem
Published: December 2020

The contextualization of figurines that have been acquired by museums and that lack appropriate archaeological documentation is a growing trend in coroplastic research. This paper contributes to this trend by trying to reconstruct the context of some of the terracotta figurines kept at the Sadberk Hanım Museum in Istanbul. These objects could be identified as products of the coroplasts of Sagalassos (SW Turkey). What is more, there are several indications that suggest an exact origin for these figurines in a recently excavated cult site situated in the periphery of the Pisidian city. This in turn allows us to restore some of the social meaning of the terracottas and once again make them informative of the people that used them.
Ritual and Economic Strategies against Vacant Succession in Premodern Korea
Authors: Deuchler Martina
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the emergence of Confucian-style lineages in the seventeenth century against the background of Korea’s transformation from a bilateral to a patrilineal society on the model of ritual prescriptions. It argues that vacant succession was a technical impossibility because the necessity of continued performance of ancestral rites did not allow for vacant heirship. The introduction of primogeniture narrowed the boundaries of the ritual group by first depriving daughters and later sons of inheritance. As a strategy to mitigate conflicts among heirs a group of agnates larger than the ritual lineage (munjung) was created that encompassed all agnates of the lineage or lineage segments. Both succession and inheritance were preferably regulated within the lineage on the basis of ritual norms with only incidental state intervention.
Property Ownership and the Neighborhood Community in Early Modern Kyoto
Authors: Nagata Mary Louise
Published: December 2020

What happened to property when the owner died without heir? This study uses the property transmission wills required by Kyoto neighborhoods, a register of property owners that follows the properties through multiple transmissions, documents of sale and lease, and a digitalized file pooling the annual population surveys for thirty neighborhoods between 1842 and 1869, to address this question. These documents and analyses demonstrate what happened to property transmission as a family ran out of heirs and the steps the neighborhood community took to prevent confusion and conflict over property ownership. The sixteenth century history of the rebuilding of Kyoto as an early modern city also reveals the basis for community claims of ownership.
Authentic Leadership and Organizational Commitment: Empirical Evidence from Information Technology Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Tijani O. O. , Okunbanjo O. I.
Published: December 2020

Authentic leadership as a contemporary leadership behaviour has generated more attention in this 21st century. Thus, this study investigated authentic leadership and organisational commitment in information technology industry in Nigeria focusing on Techmahindra Nigeria. The study employed survey research design as well as simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires from 180 employees in Techmahindra Nigeria but 151copies of questionnaire were retrieved. The results from the regression analysis indicated that authentic leadership (self-awareness, internalised moral perspective, relational transparency and balanced processing) has a positive and significant effect on organisation commitment (affective, normative and continuance). The study recommended that organisations should organize training programmes for their leaders on how to exhibit the qualities of an authentic leader in the running of the organizations.
AdrA as a Potential Immunomodulatory Candidate for STING-Mediated Antiviral Therapy That Required Both Type I IFN and TNF-α Production
Authors: Rodriguez-Garcia Estefania , Zabaleta Nerea , Gil-Farina Irene , Gonzalez-Aparicio Manuela , Echeverz Maite , Bähre Heike , Solano Cristina , Lasa Iñigo , Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza Gloria , Hommel Mirja
Published: December 2020

Several dinucleotide cyclases, including cyclic GMP–AMP synthase, and their involvement in STING-mediated immunity have been extensively studied. In this study, we tested five bacterial diguanylate cyclases from the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella Enteritidis, identifying AdrA as the most potent inducer of a STING-mediated IFN response. AdrA wild-type (wt) or its inactive version AdrA mutant (mut) were delivered by an adenovirus (Ad) vector. Dendritic cells obtained from wt mice and infected in vitro with Ad vector containing AdrA wt, but not mut, had increased activation markers and produced large amounts of several immunostimulatory cytokines. For dendritic cells derived from STING-deficient mice, no activation was detected. The potential antiviral activity of AdrA was addressed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic and adenovirus-associated virus (AAV)-HBV mouse models. Viremia in serum of Ad AdrA wt–treated mice was reduced significantly compared with that in Ad AdrA mut–injected mice. The viral load in the liver at sacrifice was in line with this finding. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which AdrA confers its antiviral function, the response in mice deficient in STING or its downstream effector molecules was analyzed. wt and IFN-αR (IFNAR)−/− animals were additionally treated with anti–TNF-α (Enbrel). Interestingly, albeit less pronounced than in wt mice, in IFNAR−/− and Enbrel-treated wt mice, a reduction of serum viremia was achieved—an observation that was lost in anti–TNF-α–treated IFNAR−/− animals. No effect of AdrA wt was seen in STING-deficient animals. Thus, although STING is indispensable for the antiviral activity of AdrA, type I IFN and TNF-α are both required and act synergistically.
Supply chain risk management and operational performance in the food retail industry in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mutekwe Le-roy T. , Mafini Chengedzai , Chinomona Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Orientation: Supply chain risk management in the Zimbabwean business context is under researched, presenting numerous opportunities for further empirical investigations. This article is an attempt to address manifest research gaps in this area, using the food retail environment as a practical case.Research purpose: To investigate the nexus between supply chain risk management and operational performance in the food retail industry in Zimbabwe.Motivation for the study: The food retail industry in Zimbabwe faces numerous supply chain risks, as most of the products sold are imported. It is essential to understand how the management of these supply chain risks impacts the operational performance of firms.Research approach, design and method: The study employed a quantitative survey design, using a sample of 227 food retail firm managers and supply chain professionals based in Harare. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling.Main findings: The results of the study showed significant positive relationships between supply chain risk management and risk information sharing and risk analysis and assessment. Further significant positive relationships were observed between risk analysis and assessment and risk-sharing mechanisms. In turn, risk-sharing mechanisms significantly predicted operational performance. However, no significant direct relationship was observed between supply chain risk management and operational performance.Practical/managerial implications: The study demonstrates that the operational performance of food retailing firms can be improved significantly through the institutionalisation of the mediating variables (risk information sharing, risk analysis and assessment, risk-sharing mechanisms) considered in this study. Management in the food retail industry may use the results of this study as a problem-solving framework for addressing operational constraints.Contributions/value-add: The study provides information that aids in the understanding of supply chain risk management, risk information sharing, risk analysis and assessment, risk-sharing mechanisms and operational performance, as well as the connection between them in a food retail context.
Investigation of Dracunculiasis Transmission among Humans, Chad, 2013–2017
Authors: Liu Eugene W. , Sircar Anita D. , Matchanga Kolio , Mahamat Ada Mbang , Ngarhor Neloumta , Ouakou Philip Tchindebet , Zirimwabagabo Hubert , Ruiz-Tiben Ernesto , Sankara Dieudonné , Wiegand Ryan , Roy Sharon L.
Published: December 2020

Dracunculiasis, slated for global eradication, typically is acquired by drinking stagnant water containing microscopic crustaceans (copepods) infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae, causing clusters of case persons with worms emerging from the skin. Following a 10-year absence of reported cases, 9–26 sporadic human cases with few epidemiologic links have been reported annually in Chad since 2010; dog infections have also been reported since 2012. We conducted an investigation of human cases in Chad to identify risk factors. We conducted a case–control study using a standardized questionnaire to assess water and aquatic animal consumption, and links to dog infections. Case persons had laboratory-confirmed D. medinensis during 2013–2017. Each case person was matched to one to three controls without history of disease by age, gender, and residency in the village where the case person was likely infected. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using simple conditional logistic regression. We enrolled 25 case persons with 63 matched controls. Dracunculiasis was associated with consumption of untreated water from hand-dug wells (OR: 13.4; 95% CI: 1.7–108.6), but neither with consumption of aquatic animals nor presence of infected dogs in villages. Unsafe water consumption remains associated with dracunculiasis. Education of populations about consuming safe water and using copepod filters to strain unsafe water should continue and expand, as should efforts to develop and maintain safe drinking water sources. Nevertheless, the peculiar epidemiology in Chad remains incompletely explained. Future studies of dogs might identify other risk factors.
Phenotypic diversity and chemical properties of pawpaw fruit quality in Ugandan germplasm
Authors: Nuwamanya E. , Ampurire O. , Mukasa Y. , Katungisa A. , Kanaabi M. , Sserunjogi  Mukiibi E.
Published: December 2020

Pawpaw (Carica pawpaw L.) fruit production and utilisation have been on the increase in Uganda. However, challenges related to identification of phenotypes with inherent characteristics for improvement of fruit shelf life have limited identification of better varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity and shelf life determinants of Uganda’s pawpaw accessions and their variations based on selected quality parameters. Nineteen accessions were collected as seeds from different markets of Uganda, germinated and planted in Namulonge-Wakiso district, central Uganda. The accessions were significantly (P<0.05) variable in terms of fruit weight parameters, with dry matter ranging from 14 - 19% and fruit weight of up to 3.9 kg; while pulp weight was up to 3.2 kg per fruit. Pulp firmness parameters were also significantly variable (P<0.05) and highly correlated with shelf life of the fruit, which ranged from 7 - 13 days depending on the accession. Fruit pulp pH ranged from 4.4-5.6; while titratable acidity of the fruit ranged from 0.03-0.08%. The accessions were clustered in four main clusters depending on the fruit firmness properties, fruit shelf life, fruit weight, pH and titratable acidity as definitive parameters. These accessions were distinguished based on morphological parameters, and henceforth defined for nutritional and economic uses. Accessions with high fruit firmness (>5 kg F) such as 16/20’ 16/16, 16/17 and 18/1; and external pulp thickness (>2 cm) such as 16/16, 16/17 and 18/1 had improved fruit shelf life and are recommended for marketability and processing.
Efficacy of plant extracts and extracting agents against Colletotrichum gloeosporoides of pawpaw fruits
Authors: Kugui K. , Mwamburi L.A. , Kiprop E.K.
Published: December 2020

Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit crop of economic importance in Kenya, where small scale farmers are the major producers. One factor limiting pawpaw production is anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, whose management on farm still remains a major challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of plant extracts and extracting agents for controlling anthracnose disease on pawpaw fruits. In vitro spore germination and in-vivo tests were done using extracts from five plants; Aloe chiliensis, Azadiracta indica, Carissa edulis, Fuerstia africana and Solanum incanum; and extracting agents methanol, chloroform and ethanol against the fungus. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the botanicals’ dose response treatment ranges. The efficacy of the crude extracts was greatest when methanol was used for extraction. The highest inhibition was recorded in pawpaw fruits treated with leaf extracts of F. africana. There were significant differences in effects among treatments by methanolic extracts of the five plants on conidial spore germination percentage. Aloe chilensis (Aloe) showed a higher spore germination of 35.7%; while Azadirachta indica (Neem) resulted in the lowest spore germination of 1.2%. There were significant differences in days to healing of C. papaya fruits infected with anthracnose. Pawpaw infected fruits healed fastest (3.5 days) when treated with the methanolic leaf extracts of F. africana; while A. chiliensis ethanolic leaf extracts resulted in the longest healing time of over 7 days. Although these botanical fungicides present high potentials or controlling anthracnose pathogens of pawpaw fruits, their suitability for application within the socio-economic framework of Kenyan small-scale producers still remains a matter for further investigation.
El contexto geográfico y su influencia en la vida sociocultural del hombre andino
Authors: Lugo-Villegas Ido , Rodríguez-Arteaga Maruja A. , Camacho-Villegas Nicolas
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar la influencia del contexto geográfico en  la vida sociocultural del hombre andino, para lo cual se han utilizado los métodos descriptivo, histórico-dialéctico y analítico-sintético. El resultado principal de la investigación radica en que el contexto geográfico: regiones naturales, pisos ecológicos, orografía, climatología, fauna, flora, hidrografía influyen en la vida social, cultural, psicológica, religiosa, económica y educativa del hombre andino. Los resultados de la observación sistemática realizados mediante la aplicación de diarios de campo, cuaderno de apuntes y fichas estructuradas de análisis bibliográfico, muestran que el contexto geográfico influye como quedó dicho en la vida cotidiana de las personas de las estancias, aldeas, caseríos, pueblos, comunidades y centros poblados rurales de las zonas andinas de la provincia de Huánuco. Por su parte,   el contexto geográfico heterogéneo no determina la situación económico social de la población en términos de desarrollo o subdesarrollo  de las personas desde la perspectiva científica.  Como parte  de las conclusiones arribadas podemos  afirmar que el contexto geográfico, como escenario y hábitat del hombre, es la base fundamental e indispensable para el desarrollo de la economía (agricultura, ganadería, minería, industria, comercio, turismo, transportes) y de la superestructura (social, cultural, psicológica, religiosa, educativa). El contexto geográfico y los elementos naturales y medio ambientales del entorno, no condicionan asimismo el desarrollo ni el subdesarrollo de la sociedad; esto depende de las políticas públicas o de sistemas de gobierno y de Estado.
Oportunidades e desafios da criação de Unidades de Conservação: reflexões sobre as experiências no Estado de Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Foli Ana Cristina Araújo , Faria Karla Maria Silva de
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa sobre as oportunidades e desafios da criação de Unidades de Conservação no Brasil e especificamente no Estado de Goiás. O estudo foi segmentado em duas etapas, sendo a primeira baseada em pesquisas bibliográficas e acervos governamentais, orientadas pelos seguintes questionamentos: Quem são as áreas protegidas no Brasil e no mundo? O que o Brasil ganha com a criação de áreas protegidas? O país atende aos principais convênios e conferências internacionais sobre a regulação de áreas protegidas? Na segunda etapa foi realizado um levantamento sobre os dados das unidades de conservação em agências e órgãos públicos estaduais e federais do estado de Goiás, além da utilização de imagens de geoprocessamento referentes ao ano de 2019, disponibilizadas pelo site Map Biomas. As análises apontaram que, em Goiás, muitas dessas áreas existem apenas no papel, pois não apresentam conselho gestor ou plano de manejo, sem que, na prática, qualquer ação de preservação ou conservação seja efetivada. Dessa forma, verifica-se a necessidade de maior gerenciamento das áreas protegidas em Goiás.
REFLEXIONES EPISTEMOLÓGICAS Y ONTOLÓGICAS SOBRE LOS VIRUS: HACIA UNA NUEVA DEFINICIÓN DE LOS PROCESOS VIRALES
Authors: Vidal López Joaquín
Published: December 2020

El estudio de los virus ha experimentado una gran transformación en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI. El descubrimiento de los virus gigantes ha hecho que la distinción entre algunos tipos de virus y de bacterias sea cada vez más difusa, lo que obliga a replantearse el estatus epistemológico y ontológico de estas entidades biológicas. Tanto la visión clásica de los virus por parte de la Biología, como las definiciones generales que las autoridades sanitarias, y las definiciones realizadas por virólogos y microbiólogos necesitan ser revisadas para dar cabida a los conocimientos actuales sobre los virus, o más concretamente, sobre los procesos virales. En este proceso de nuevos descubrimientos aparecen nuevos términos, como virión, viroide, virobiota, viroma y virocélula que deben ser tenidos en cuenta e integrados en un nuevo marco ontológico y epistemológico general. Aunque aún estamos lejos de conseguir una definición generalmente aceptada que permita diferenciar nítidamente a los virus de otras entidades biológicas similares, al final del artículo se presenta una definición tentativa, que trata de evitar las limitaciones que presentaban las definiciones anteriores.
Critical Examinations of the Known and the Unknown in Social Science: Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Wallat Cynthia , Piazza Carolyn
Published: December 2020

If the use of social science assumptions and beliefs is what helped set fields of professional practice on the quest for recognition in the academy, what does the recent outpouring of publications on the limits of science reveal about sociocultural research prospects at the dawn of the 21st century? The last few years alone have witnessed the publication of special journal issues on the "scientific wars" of the nineties, year long professional association debates on "the known and unknown," and new books and online data sources proclaiming "the end of social science." Cumulatively, research and commentary on the limits of science offer pessimistic and optimistic arguments about advances in understanding intractable sociocultural problems that center on understanding extraordinary complexity. We come down on the optimistic side, encouraged by possibilities for using heuristic tools to identify propositions and ideologies presented across a variety of interpretive texts written to accomplish the function of expressing interpretations on the known and unknown in sociocultural research.
A Qualitative Investigation into Developmental Relationships for Small Business Apparel Retailers: Networks, Mentors and Role Models
Authors: Gaskill LuAnn
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this investigation was to gain an understanding of the use, function, and support dimensions of developmental relationships for small business apparel retailers by applying focus group data collection techniques and interpretive analysis. Data collection took place through eight focus groups with small business owners/managers in six mid-western communities. Results indicate that, indeed, networks, role models, and mentors are viewed as necessary and important mechanisms for information, support, and guidance. However, focus group participants noted a lack of access to such developmental relationships. In terms of functions performed, having a business colleague to confide in, and relate to, was of particular importance in gaining access to knowledge and support in decision-making. Gender differences in the use and perceived value of the developmental relationship were also noted. Based on the study results, four hypotheses were inductively developed and pose areas for further research investigation.
"She Even Walked the Dog": The Roles of Relational Context and Goal-Setting in a Welfare to Work Program
Authors: Kellner Lynne , Haddad David , Forcier Ann
Published: December 2020

This report summarizes an evaluation of the effectiveness of a welfare-to-work program that is operated by the Montachusett Opportunity Council (MOC) in Central Massachusetts. The study looks at how effective the program was in helping clients achieve goals towards self-sufficiency and tries to understand the particulars of the trusting relationships between staff and clients that provided the base from which they worked to address multiple concerns impeding family financial self-sufficiency.
Using A Story-Building Approach To Research Comprehensive Community Initiatives
Authors: Messinger Lori
Published: December 2020

This article is the story of the author's experiences as a researcher-storyteller. She delineates the process used to "build a story" of the planning and development of a rural comprehensive community initiative. In a critically reflective look at this approach to community research, the author describes how she selected the research topic, defined the purposes of the research, selected the methods used in data collection and analysis, and approached the construction process of building the story through literary elements such as plot, scene, and voice. The strengths and pitfalls of this approach and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Manejo laparoscópico de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal
Authors: Laporte Mariano , Matzner Perfumo Mariana , Piatti Jose , Mattioni Laura , Canelas Alejandro , Bun Maximiliano , Rotholtz Nicolás
Published: December 2020

Introducción: En los últimos años ha habido una gran difusión de la cirugía laparoscópica para el manejo de la patología colorrectal. La dehiscencia anastomótica es una de las complicaciones más graves, con una elevada morbi-mortalidad. La reoperación por vía laparoscópica podría ser una opción válida para tratar esta complicación, manteniendo ciertos beneficios del abordaje miniinvasivo. Objetivos: Evaluar la factibilidad y seguridad del abordaje laparoscópico en el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal y en forma secundaria comparar los resultados con la reoperación por vía convencional.Materiales y Método: Se analizó una serie retrospectiva, completada en forma prospectiva, se incluyeron 1693 pacientes (junio 2000 - septiembre 2018). Los pacientes que fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica se dividieron en dos grupos según el abordaje de la reoperación: laparoscópico (Grupo 1, G1) y laparotómico (Grupo 2, G2). Se compararon ambos grupos teniendo en cuenta factores demográficos, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones, morbilidad y mortalidad. Las complicaciones se estratificaron según la clasificación de Dindo y Clavien, y se tuvieron en cuenta las más graves (categorías 3, 4 y 5). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el T student y chi cuadrado.Resultados: Ciento seis (6,26%) pacientes fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica. 85 (80%) fueron incluidos en el grupo 1 y 21 (20%) en el grupo 2. La única diferencia demográfica entre ambos grupos fue una mayor cantidad de pacientes obesos en el grupo laparoscópico (G1: 17 (20%) vs. G2: 0, p: 0,02). Hubo una tendencia hacia un intervalo menor entre la cirugía inicial y la reexploración, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (5,18 días vs. 6,23 días, p: 0,22). En 84 (79%) la conducta quirúrgica fue lavado y confección de ostomía proximal de protección (G1: 74 vs. G2: 10, p: 0,001). El desmonte de la anastomosis y la confección de ostomía terminal debió realizarse en 8 pacientes (G1: 4 vs G2: 4, p: 0,02). Nueve pacientes en G1 y 3 pacientes en G2 requirieron más de una cirugía (p: 0,63). Las complicaciones fueron similares entre ambos grupos, solo se incluyeron los grados 3, 4 y 5 (G1: 21,2% vs G2: 28,6% p: 0,34). El promedio de estadía hospitalaria disminuyó con el abordaje laparoscópico (10,71 días vs. 11,57 días, p: 0,66), a pesar de que no hubo diferencia estadística entre ambos grupos.Conclusiones: La reintervención laparoscópica es un tratamiento válido y seguro para el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal.

Palabras clave: Cirugia Colorrectal Laparoscópica; Reoperación; Dehiscencia Anastomótica
Falla de sutura en cirugía colorrectal. Factores de riesgo y manejo terapéutico
Authors: Chinelli Javier , Costa Juan , Moreira Emilia , Rodríguez Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Introducción: La dehiscencia anastomótica (DA) es una complicación de la cirugía colorrectal que determina alta morbimortalidad y peor pronóstico oncológico. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar su relación con factores de riesgo y describir su manejo terapéutico.Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y analítico. Se incluyeron resecciones colorrectales de coordinación por patología neoplásica maligna con anastomosis primaria, entre enero de 2015 y noviembre de 2018.Resultados: Ciento doce pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de DA fue 17% y la mortalidad 15%. El tamaño tumoral se asoció de forma estadísticamente significativa con un mayor riesgo de falla de sutura.Discusión: Nuestros resultados son similares a los reportados en la literatura, destacándose una alta proporción de DA tempranas y por lo tanto de reintervención y detransitación.Conclusiones: El manejo de la DA es un reto terapéutico, y debe ajustarse a muchos parámetros, siendo uno de los más importantes la experiencia del cirujano.
Cirugía de Pouch Ileal en tres tiempos: ¿por qué vale la pena?
Authors: Schwartzberg David M. , Lynn Patricio B.
Published: December 2020

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Análisis Histórico-Formal de la Pintura Mural Qosqo Histórico de Juan Bravo
Authors: Salas Andía María Fátima
Published: December 2020

Esta articulo desarrolla el análisis de los aspectos formales e iconográficos de la pintura mural Qosqo Histórico de Juan Bravo Vizcarra, pretende determinar si las pinturas murales muestran sustento histórico e identidad cultural con el mundo andino bajo un método fenomenológico desde un enfoque histórico-crítico a través de un análisis iconográfico. Los resultados significativos, develan que la pintura mural está conformada por cinco escenas que narran desde la génesis hasta la Republica, la historia del Cusco, en forma visionaria tomando como fundamento el mito del Incari que es parte de la cosmovisión andina. En los aspectos formales se evidencia el conocimiento de la composición teniendo como punto focal al Inti y a Pachacutec. Por último, se describe con sustento histórico la respuesta del andino, del vencido, del invisible, frente a los 500 años del arrasamiento de la cultura andina.
A first success in the long run for better access to justice in the EU: The scope of the administrative review procedure provided under Regulation 1367/2006 invalidated by the General Court
Authors: Berthier Anaïs
Published: December 2020

The EU General Court adopted two long awaited decisions on 14 June 2012 in cases T-338/08 and T-396/09 in which it interprets for the first time Regulation 1367/2006 (the Aarhus Regulation) that applies the Aarhus Convention to EU institutions and bodies. The General Court also departs from the caselaw of the Court on the possibility for the Courts to examine the validity of an act of European Union law in the light of an international treaty. The author of this article supports this ruling and provides arguments that advocate a broadening of the control of legality of EU law.
In both decisions, the General Court held that the regulation was not compatible with the Convention with regard to the types of acts that could be challenged through the administrative procedure provided by the Aarhus Regulation.
Art. 10 of Regulation 1367/2006 allows NGOs to challenge decisions of EU institutions which constitute 'administrative acts'. In case T-338/08, the Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) applicants made a request to the Commission to review Regulation 149/2008 setting maximum residue level for certain products. In case T-396/09, NGOs asked the Commission to review the decision granting the Kingdom of the Netherlands a temporary exemption from the obligations laid down by Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. In both cases, the Commission considered the requests inadmissible claiming that the concerned acts were not 'administrative acts' as defined in Art. 2(1)(g) of Regulation 1367/2006 because they were not of 'individual scope'.
The Court annulled both decisions. It therefore broadened the interpretation of the right access to justice for NGOs in environmental matters. A great move forward one might hope, but the Commission has appealed against both judgments.
In this article, it is examined what real added value these decisions have with regards to access to justice. The author demonstrates that even though these decisions allow a broader category of acts, including those adopted through comitology, to be challenged under the administrative review procedure provided by the Aarhus Regulation, the decisions still do not ensure compliance of EU law with the Aarhus Convention. In this regard, the author sees that the appeal of the Commission focuses on the relationship between international law and EU law and the role of the latter as a 'benchmark' and legal basis to invalidate acts of secondary law.
Sexual Activity and Contraceptive use among University Female Undergraduates in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Utoo B , Eka P , Utoo P , Unazi E , Maanongun M
Published: December 2020

High sexual activity with low contraceptive use among young women could give rise to complications such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. This study was aimed at determining sexual activities and contraceptive usage among female undergraduate students. It was a cross-sectional study using pretested self -administered questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic variables, sexual activities and contraceptive use. Out of the four hundred and thirty one (431) students studied, three hundred and four (70.5%) were sexually active. The average age of sexual debut was 19.5 years. One hundred and twenty-seven (41.8%) had more than one sexual partner. Money was the reason for sex in more than one- third (37.4%). Contraceptive awareness and usage among the respondents was (96.1%) and (85.0%) respectively. The male condom was the commonest (52.4%) contraceptive used. Majority (65.9%) of the respondents believed contraceptive use could prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. There was a significant relationship between awareness of contraception and level of study (P =0.003). The study showed a high level of sexual activity, contraceptive knowledge and usage. There was a significant relationship between contraceptive awareness and academic level; as well as usage and protection against STD.  Girl child education, provision and promotion of utilization of reproductive health services should be sustained to safeguard the sexual health of young women.
An Efficient Parallel Hybrid Method of FEM-MLFMA for Electromagnetic Radiation and Scattering Analysis of Separated Objects
Authors: Zuo Sheng , Lin Zhongchao , Yue Zheng , Garcia Donoro Daniel , Zhang Yu , Zhao Xunwang
Published: December 2020

In order to meet the rapidly increasing demand for accurate and efficient analysis of complex radiating or scattering structures in the presence of electrically large objects, a finite element method (FEM)-multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) hybrid method that based on the Finite Element-Iterative Integral Equation Evaluation (FE-IIEE) mesh truncation technique is proposed in this paper. The present method makes use of FEM for the regions with small and complex features and MLFMA for the analysis of the
electrically large objects, which ensure the accuracy and applicability of the method are better than most commonly adopted FEM-high frequency technique (HFT) hybrid
method. The mutual interactions between regions are taken into account in a fully coupled way through iterative near filed computation process. In order to achieve an
excellent performance, both algorithms have been implemented together from scratch, being able to run over multi CPU cores. An efficient parallel FEM domain decomposition method (DDM) solver with exploiting geometrical repetitions is included to drastically reduce memory requirements and computational time in the calculation of large array antenna. Also, the parallel MLFMA is adopted to expedite the near-field information
exchange between regions. Through numerical example, the effect of distance between regions on the convergence of the proposed hybrid method is studied, and it is shown
that the proposed method converge well even if the distance is equal to 0.05λ. Through comparisons with an in-house higher order method of moments (HOMoM) code and commercial software FEKO, the accuracy and effectiveness of the implemented parallel hybrid method are validated showing excellent performance.
Derivation of Far-field Gain Using a Gain Reduction Effect in the Fresnel Region
Authors: Kim Ilkyu , Lee Sun-Gyu , Lee Jeong-Hae
Published: December 2020

A handy method of calculating far-field gain based on the magnitude of the power transmission in a Fresnel region is presented, which can be applied to the phaseless near-field measurement. Due to the short range inside an anechoic chamber, the probe antenna is often placed in the Fresnel region of the antenna under test (AUT). It is well-known that far-field gain of an antenna gradually reduces when one antenna moves to the other one placed in a proximity distance. This fact can be advantageously applied to estimate the far-field gain in a far-field region. The proposed method offers rapid estimation of the far-field gain based on the simple input knowledge such as the probe antenna gain and the magnitude of the power transmission and the separation distance between AUT and probe antenna. The proposed method can be applicable to a wide range of microwave antennas. This feature makes it possible to offer preliminary measurement results and reference
parameters of the measurement for the various types of microwave antennas.
Noise Analysis Method of Radiated EMI based on Non-linear Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zhu Zhibo , Yan Wei , Wang Yongan , Zhao Yang , Zhang Tao , Huang Junshuo
Published: December 2020

Aiming at the radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise of electronic equipment, a novel method of radiated EMI noise analysis based on non-linear principal component analysis (NLPCA) algorithm is proposed in this paper. In order to obtain multiple independent common-mode / differential-mode radiated sources, and to find the sources that cause the radiated noises that exceed the limit of standard, NLPCA algorithm is used to process the near-field radiated signals superimposed by multiple radiated sources. The simulation results show that NLPCA can successfully screen out the radiated EMI noises which exceed the limit of standard. Moreover, the experiments are carried out with three models: double-common-mode hybrid sources, double-differential-mode hybrid sources and common-differential-mode hybrid sources. Compared with the traditional independent component algorithm (ICA), the method proposed in this paper can separate the radiated EMI noise sources more accurately and quickly. It can be concluded that the accuracy of NLPCA algorithm is 10% higher than ICA algorithm. This work will contribute to trace the radiated EMI noise sources, and to provide the theoretical basis for the future suppression.
Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm for Time-Modulated Linear Array Antenna
Authors: Liang Weilong , Li Rui , Li Jingwei , Wu Zhao
Published: December 2020

A modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm based on a novel mutation strategy and
adaptive adjustment strategy of parameter crossover rate (CR) is proposed to improve the population diversity and to avoid frapping in local optima. Also the simplified quadratic interpolation is employed to accelerate the convergence rate. Benchmark functions have been provided to verify the MDE algorithm. Compared with other improved evolutionary algorithms, experiment results reveal that the MDE has a promising performance in the convergence rate and the exploration ability. Finally, the proposed algorithm is proved to realize accelerating the optimization of time-modulated arrays (TMA).
Parametric Analysis of an Optical Log-Spiral Nano-Antenna for Infrared Energy Harvesting
Authors: Alhomrani Abdulrahman , Yahyaoui Ali , Al Hashmi Anas , Mersani Ameni , Nour Majed , Rmili Hatem , Mittra Raj
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we present the design of a spiral nano-antenna dedicated to infrared energy harvesting at 28.3 THz. A comprehensive, detailed parametric study of key parameters such as the initial angle at the origin arm, width of the spiral arms, gap between the two arms, thickness of substrate, length of substrate, thickness of patch and number of turns of the nano-antenna is also presented and discussed in order to harvest maximum electric field in the gap of the spiral antenna in the frequency range of 28 – 29 THz. The maximum electric field is simulated at 28.1, 28.3, 28.5 and 28.7 THz. A variation of the electric field of the antenna for different value of incident wave angle at the resonance frequency 28.3 THz has been simulated. The main advantages of the studied structure are its ability to reach high confined electric field within its gap, its wideband behavior around the operating frequency 28.3 THz, and its insensitivity to polarization of incident electromagnetic waves.
Compact Bandpass Filters Using Folded Quad-Mode Stub-Loaded Loop Resonators
Authors: Liang Chen , Liu Yun , Tai Fanbin
Published: December 2020

Folded quad-mode stub-loaded loop resonators (QMSLLRs) are proposed for realizing both bandpass and dual-band bandpass filters with compact dimensions. The QMSLLR is a folded square loop loaded with four short stubs, providing structure symmetry in both transversal and longitudinal directions. Determined by the lengths of the loaded stubs, the four resonant frequencies as analyzed with even-odd mode method can be either distributed in one passband with equal space, or in two passbands with a guard band in
between, for realizing a single-band bandpass filter or a dual-band bandpass filter, respectively. For both the input and output couplings, two perpendicular feeding lines are parallel coupled to the QMSLLR at one corner. The measure results prove that the structure is suitable for the design of a medium band or even narrow band bandpass filters with compact dimensions.
High Quality Factor using Nested Complementary Split Ring Resonator for Dielectric Properties of Solids Sample
Authors: Rahman Norhanani , Zakaria Zahriladha , Rahim Rosemizi , Said Maizatul , Bahar Amyrul , Alahnomi Rammah , Alhegazi Ammar
Published: December 2020

A Nested complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) was proposed based on planar structure. The main objective of this work is to get a higher quality factor (Q-factor) with minimal error detection of complex permittivity. The sensor operated at the 3.37GHz resonant frequency and simulated by ANSYS HFSS software. Subsequently, the designed sensor has been fabricated and tested with the presence of several material under test (MUTs) placed over the sensor. The result achieved high unloaded Q-factor, 464. There has been proof of good agreement concerning the results between theoretical, simulation, and measured parameters of error detection, which is below 13.2% real part permittivity and 2.3% the loss tangent. The proposed sensor is practically useful for the food industry, bio-sensing, and pharmacy industry applications.
Siyer Kaynağı Olarak Seyahatnâmeler -İbn Battûta Seyahatnâmesi Örneği-
Authors: ÖZ Şaban
Published: December 2020

Farklı coğrafya ve dönemlerdeki insanların yaşamlarını, düşüncelerini, kabullerini ve algılarını yansıtmaları bakımından seyahatnâmelerin ayrı bir önemi olduğu açıktır. Bunlar arasında kuşkusuz en önemli husus, satır aralarına gizlenmiş düşünce dünyalarına dair izlerin takibidir. Zira dönem insanlarının düşünceleri hakkında doğrudan bilgi veren son derece sınırlı kaynağa sahibiz. Siyerler, Tefsirler ve Tarihler toplumun algılarından çok, dar bir çevreden hareketle ilim adamlarının veya ekollerin yaklaşımlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmamızda İbn Battûta Seyahatnâmesi özelinde XIV. yüzyıl İslam coğrafyasının Hz. Peygamber algıları üzerinde durduk. İbn Battûta’nın eseri Siyer coğrafyası ve dönem insanların Hz. Peygamber hakkındaki düşünce ve uygulamalarına dair birinci elden kaynak mesabesindedir. Her ne kadar seyahatnâmelerin içeriği konusunda sıhhat ve sübjektiflik gibi sorunlar olsa dahi bu, onların kaynaklığına herhangi bir zarar vermez. İbn Battûta, eserinde gezdiği yerlerin Resulullah’ın hayatındaki karşılığına temas ettiği kadar kendi dönemindeki insanların bu mekânlarda neler yaptığına dair gözlemlerini de paylaşmıştır. Orta Çağ Müslümanlarının gözünde Hz. Peygamber sevgisinin sadece kendisiyle sınırlı olmadığı da anlaşılmaktadır. Bilakis halkın Peygamber sevgisi, Hz. Peygamber’in yaşadığı coğrafya, üzerine oturduğu anlatılan bir taş, arkadaşları, ailesi, eşyaları, minberi, sözleri, yiyecekleri gibi onlarca başlığı da kapsamına almaktadır. Aynı şekilde onlara karşı gösterilen saygısızlığa da son derece tepki gösterdikleri, hadsizliklere müsaade etmedikleri görülmektedir.
PNUM
Authors: Oliveira Vítor
Published: December 2020

Passaram dez anos desde a reunião do Conselho do International Seminar on Urban Form (ISUF), na conferência de Hamburgo de 2010, em que tive o prazer de apresentar a proposta de criação de uma Rede Portuguesa de Morfologia Urbana (PNUM). Um artigo publicado nesse período, dedicado ao estudo da forma urbana em Portugal, referia a existência de muitos projetos de investigação desenvolvidos de modo isolado, bem como a ausência de internacionalização da morfologia urbana portuguesa (Oliveira et al., 2011). Desde então, o PNUM expandiu-se de uma rede ‘portuguesa’ para uma rede ‘lusófona’, abrangendo o Brasil, e tem vindo a contribuir para a promoção do estudo da forma urbana nos dois países e para o fortalecimento das relações dos morfólogos lusófonos com outros membros do ISUF e de outras redes regionais.