bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Anionic‐MOF‐Based Bifunctional Separator for Regulating Lithium Deposition and Suppressing Polysulfides Shuttle in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Huang Weiyuan , Hua Jiachuan , Wang Yidi , Yi Haocong , Zhao Wenguang , Zhao Qinghe , Jia Hao , Fei Bin , Pan Feng
Published: April 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as a promising energy‐storage system owing to their high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1 and low cost of raw materials. However, the dendrite issue of Li metal anodes and the shuttle effect of polysulfides severely plague the safety and cycling stability of Li–S batteries. To address these problems, a novel nanoporous battery separator (MMMS) is designed based on an anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66‐SO3Li and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) following a mixed‐matrix membrane approach. Benefitting from the well‐defined anionic Li+ transport tunnels across the MMMS, a homogeneous Li deposition is achieved to stabilize the plating/stripping cycling over 1000 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, these tunnels featuring anionic electrostatic repulsion and a proper aperture size also demonstrate strong suppression to polysulfide shuttle and promote the redox activity and utilization of sulfur cathode material. With the MMMS to simultaneously promote the performance of Li metal anode and sulfur cathode, the Li–S battery delivers an elevated charge/discharge rate up to 5 C (552 mAh g−1) as well as a low capacity fading (0.056% per cycle at its steady stage) over 500 cycles at 0.5 C.
Integrated Perovskite/Organic Photovoltaics with Ultrahigh Photocurrent and Photoresponse Approaching 1000 nm
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Li Tengfei , Yu Jinde , Lu Guanghao , Zhou Huanping , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: April 2020

To enhance the photoresponse of commonly used perovskite materials in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, a fused‐ring electron acceptor (F8IC) with strong NIR absorption and high electron mobility is used to blend with a narrow‐bandgap polymer donor (PTB7‐Th) to construct an organic bulk heterojunction (OBHJ), and this OBHJ is then integrated with the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The integrated perovskite/OBHJ solar cells exhibit a strong photoresponse approaching 1000 nm and an ultrahigh short‐circuit current density of 28.2 mA cm−2, which is much higher than that of traditional PSCs and organic solar cells.
10.13% Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Improving the Optical Absorption of Polymer Acceptors
Authors: Fan Qunping , Ma Ruijie , Liu Tao , Su Wenyan , Peng Wenhong , Zhang Ming , Wang Zaiyu , Wen Xin , Cong Zhiyuan , Luo Zhenghui , Hou Lintao , Liu Feng , Zhu Weiguo , Yu Donghong , Yan He , Wang Ergang
Published: April 2020

The limited light absorption capacity for most polymer acceptors hinders the improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs). Herein, by simultaneously increasing the conjugation of the acceptor unit and enhancing the electron‐donating ability of the donor unit, a novel narrow‐bandgap polymer acceptor PF3‐DTCO based on an A–D–A‐structured acceptor unit ITIC16 and a carbon–oxygen (C–O)‐bridged donor unit DTCO is developed. The extended conjugation of the acceptor units from IDIC16 to ITIC16 results in a red‐shifted absorption spectrum and improved absorption coefficient without significant reduction of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, in addition to further broadening the absorption spectrum by the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer effect, the introduction of C–O bridges into the donor unit improves the absorption coefficient and electron mobility, as well as optimizes the morphology and molecular order of active layers. As a result, the PF3‐DTCO achieves a higher PCE of 10.13% with a higher short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.75 mA cm−2 in all‐PSCs compared with its original polymer acceptor PF2‐DTC (PCE = 8.95% and Jsc = 13.82 mA cm−2). Herein, a promising method is provided to construct high‐performance polymer acceptors with excellent optical absorption for efficient all‐PSCs.
A New Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells to More than 21%: High‐Humidity Induced Self‐Passivation of Perovskite Films
Authors: Zhang Fan , Huang Qingxun , Song Jun , Hayase Shuzi , Qu Junle , Shen Qing
Published: April 2020

The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is known to be extremely sensitive to humidity in the preparation environment. However, the main mechanism by which the moisture influences the quality of the perovskite film and the device performance is not yet fully understood. Herein, a new strategy is established to obtain inverted PSCs with a remarkabll high VOC by including a high‐humidity treatment and sufficient DMSO‐atmosphere annealing in the preparation process. It is found that the lattice distortion on the surface of perovskite grains caused by the high‐humidity treatment plays a key role in the self‐passivation of perovskite. Inverted (p‐i‐n) PSCs based on the self‐passivated perovskite films show effective suppression of nonradiative recombination, which increase the device VOC to 1.17 V and achieve the highest efficiency of 21.38%. It is expected that the findings of this work shed more light on the currently proposed mechanism governing the action of moisture on the performance of the PSCs.
Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit und Demenzprädiktion bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Störung
Authors: Rostamzadeh Ayda , Jessen Frank
Published: April 2020

Die leichte kognitive Störung („mild cognitive impairment“, MCI) zeichnet sich durch kognitive Einschränkungen bei im Wesentlichen erhaltener Alltagskompetenz aus. MCI ist ein Risikozustand für die Entwicklung einer Demenz und kann ein Prodromalstadium der Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit („Alzheimer’s disease“, AD) sein. Die AD ist durch zerebrale Ablagerungen von Amyloid- und Tau-Aggregaten definiert und kann durch Biomarker für diese Veränderungen in vivo detektiert werden. Durch die Fortschritte in der biomarkerbasierten Früherkennung der AD, ist es möglich zwischen MCI-Patienten mit und ohne AD-Pathologie und somit zwischen Patienten mit einem geringen und einem hohen Risiko für die Entwicklung einer späteren Demenz zu unterscheiden. Für die biomarkerbasierte Früherkennung der AD im MCI-Stadium gibt es bisher in Deutschland keine differenzierten Leitlinienempfehlungen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Empfehlungen einer europäischen Expertenkonsensuspublikation sowie einer multidisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe der Alzheimer’s Association zum Einsatz von Liquorbiomarkern für die Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Krankheit bei MCI-Patienten zusammengefasst. Sind die klinischen Diagnosekriterien eines MCI anhand der klinischen Untersuchung und neuropsychologischen Testung erfüllt, wird empfohlen weiterführende Diagnostik (Blutuntersuchung, zerebrale Bildgebung) durchzuführen, um die differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung zu präzisieren. Vor der Liquorbiomarkeruntersuchung sollte eine umfassende Beratung zu den Möglichkeiten, Grenzen und Risiken der biomarkerbasierten Früherkennung der AD und der Demenzprädiktion durchgeführt werden. Die Informationen über das individuelle Risiko für eine Demenz können sich bei Patienten und ihren nahestehenden Personen auf das psychische Wohlbefinden und die weitere Lebensplanung auswirken, daher werden klinische Verlaufsuntersuchungen empfohlen.
Collaborative models for autonomous systems controller synthesis
Authors: Fraser Douglas , Giaquinta Ruben , Hoffmann Ruth , Ireland Murray , Miller Alice , Norman Gethin
Published: April 2020

We show how detailed simulation models and abstract Markov models can be developed collaboratively to generate and implement effective controllers for autonomous agent search and retrieve missions. We introduce a concrete simulation model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). We then show how the probabilistic model checker PRISM is used for optimal strategy synthesis for a sequence of scenarios relevant to UAVs and potentially other autonomous agent systems. For each scenario we demonstrate how it can be modelled using PRISM, give model checking statistics and present the synthesised optimal strategies. We then show how our strategies can be returned to the controller for the simulation model and provide experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of one such strategy. Finally we explain how our models can be adapted, using symmetry, for use on larger search areas, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Be FAIR to your data
Authors: Solle Dörte
Published: April 2020

Wouldn’t it be great, if experimental data were findable wherever they were? If experimental data were accessible‚ regardless of the storage place and format? If experimental data were interoperable independent of the author or its origin? If experimental data were reusable for further analysis without experimental repetition? The current state of the art of data acquisition in the laboratory is very diverse. A lot of different devices are used, analogue as well as digital ones. Usually all experimental setups and observations are summarized in a handwritten lab notebook, independently from digital or analogue sources. To change the actual and common way of laboratory data acquisition into a digital and modern one, electronic lab notebooks can be used. A challenge of science is to facilitate knowledge discovery by assisting humans and machines in their discovery of scientific data and their associated algorithms and workflows. FAIR describes a set of guiding principles to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.
Investigation of monoterpenoid resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas putida and their consequences for biotransformations
Authors: Schempp Florence Miramella , Hofmann Katharina Elisabeth , Mi Jia , Kirchner Ferdinand , Meffert Annika , Schewe Hendrik , Schrader Jens , Buchhaupt Markus
Published: April 2020

Monoterpenoids are widely used in industrial applications, e.g. as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, in flavor and fragrance compositions, and in agriculture. Severe toxic effects are known for some monoterpenoids making them challenging compounds for biotechnological production processes. Some strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida show an inherent extraordinarily high tolerance towards solvents including monoterpenoids. An understanding of the underlying factors can help to create suitable strains for monoterpenoids de novo production or conversion. In addition, knowledge about tolerance mechanisms could allow a deeper insight into how bacteria can oppose monoterpenoid containing drugs, like tea tree oil. Within this work, the resistance mechanisms of P. putida GS1 were investigated using selected monoterpenoid-hypertolerant mutants. Most of the mutations were found in efflux pump promoter regions or associated transcription factors. Surprisingly, while for the tested monoterpenoid alcohols, ketone, and ether high efflux pump expression increased monoterpenoid tolerance, it reduced the tolerance against geranic acid. However, an increase of geranic acid tolerance could be gained by a mutation in an efflux pump component. It was also found that increased monoterpenoid tolerance can counteract efficient biotransformation ability, indicating the need for a fine-tuned and knowledge-based tolerance improvement for production strain development.

Key points

• Altered monoterpenoid tolerance mainly related to altered activity of efflux pumps.

• Increased tolerance to geranic acid surprisingly caused by decreased export activity.

• Reduction of export activity can be beneficial for biotechnological conversions.
Disentangling a shared trait: male control over mate guarding duration revealed by a mate exchange experiment
Authors: Haneke-Reinders Michael , Mazur Anna-Paulina , Zyma Oleksandr , Ramm Steven A. , Reinhold Klaus
Published: April 2020

Shared behavioural traits result from the interaction of two or more individuals, making it difficult to discern which individual is in control of the behaviour of interest. Especially in the case of shared reproductive traits such as mating duration or mate guarding duration is this an important issue to resolve, because these are potentially closely connected to fitness and are likely to exhibit sexual conflict. Here, we sought to disentangle which sex controls mate guarding duration in the tropical house cricket Gryllodes sigillatus, a species in which mate guarding and nuptial feeding by the male have been proposed to prevent premature removal of the transferred spermatophore by the female. To do so, we performed a series of mating experiments in a paired design, in which the first mating dyad was allowed to start mating some time before the second dyad. Once both dyads were in the mate guarding phase, we then interrupted them and exchanged partners, enabling us to determine whether the remaining guarding duration depended more on the duration of guarding already performed by the male in the new dyad (implying male control) or on the guarding already received by the female (implying female control). We found that the time a female was guarded overall was significantly affected by how long the exchanged male had already engaged in mate guarding with the previous female, but conversely, the total time males guarded both females was unaffected by the duration of guarding that the exchanged female had previously received. Our data thus clearly demonstrate that males rather than females control mate guarding duration and adjust the duration according to females’ weight.

Significance statement

It is not easy to determine which individual is in control of a shared behavioural trait (SBT). This information could provide insight into selection pressure on one sex and could help us understand differences in SBTs between related species or between different dyads of one species. We used a relative novel but simple method to disentangle a SBT in a cricket. We performed mating experiments and exchanged the mating partners after copulation within the mate guarding phase and measured the total guarding duration. Our analyses showed males were not influenced by the exchange and guarded as long as expected regardless how long the female were guarded before by another male. Our data suggest males are likely in control of mate guarding duration, and they have no ability to recognize post-copulatory mate exchange.
A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Tang Yanyan , Mo Yongkang , Li Shengkai , Lin Daiying , Yang Zhijian , Yang Zhiqi , Sun Hongfu , Qiu Jinming , Liao Yuting , Xiao Jianning , Chen Xiangguang , Wu Xianheng , Wu Renhua , Dai Zhuozhi
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical during the epidemic. We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone.

Methods

A consecutive cohort of 70 COVID-19 and 66 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively recruited from five institutions. Patients were divided into primary (n = 98) and validation (n = 38) cohorts. The chi-square test, Student’s t test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed, comparing 1745 lesions and 67 features in the two groups. Three models were constructed using radiological semantic and clinical features through multivariate logistic regression. Diagnostic efficacies of developed models were quantified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical usage was evaluated by decision curve analysis and nomogram.

Results

Eighteen radiological semantic features and seventeen clinical features were identified to be significantly different. Besides ground-glass opacities (p = 0.032) and consolidation (p = 0.001) in the lung periphery, the lesion size (1–3 cm) is also significant for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (p = 0.027). Lung score presents no significant difference (p = 0.417). Three diagnostic models achieved an area under the curve value as high as 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000). The clinical and radiological semantic models provided a better diagnostic performance and more considerable net benefits.

Conclusions

Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. A model composed of radiological semantic and clinical features has an excellent performance for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Key Points

• Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished.

• A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively.
Tomographic PIV measurements and RANS simulations of secondary flows inside a horizontally positioned helically coiled tube
Authors: Kováts Péter , Martins Fabio J. W. A. , Mansour Michael , Thévenin Dominique , Zähringer Katharina
Published: April 2020

Helically coiled tubes are widely used in industry to enhance heat and mass transfer in the laminar flow regime, due to their secondary flow pattern. In this study, tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) is used in a horizontally coiled helical tube to systematically acquire 3C-3D velocity fields for Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 1400 and Dean numbers from 8 to 567. The velocity field evaluations are performed using two different approaches: time-averaged velocity field calculation from instantaneous velocity fields and velocity field determination by cross-correlation from an ensemble of instantaneous reconstructed volumes. Equivalent velocity field accuracy is achieved in both velocity approaches when the flow can be considered stationary. Moreover, numerical simulations were carried out in the same geometry at the same flow conditions and were validated against the experimental 3C-3D data sets. The simulation results show good agreement with the measured velocities, offering the possibility of parametric studies and design optimization. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first systematic experimental investigation of a helical coil flow by means of 3C-3D velocity measurements, which results can now be used for validation of numerical models in computational fluid dynamics.

Graphic abstract

Measured time-averaged velocity visualized by vector-magnitude colour at horizontal and vertical slices (left) and Dean vortices detected by 3D Q-criterion (right) from the time-averaged measurements (purple isosurfaces) and from the simulation (red isosurfaces) inside the helically-coiled tube at Re = 220 and De = 89.
Impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling on regional climate: the Iberian Peninsula case
Authors: Cabos William , de la Vara Alba , Álvarez-García Francisco J. , Sánchez Enrique , Sieck Kevin , Pérez-Sanz Juan-Ignacio , Limareva Natalia , Sein Dmitry V.
Published: April 2020

Regional models used for downscaling the European climate usually include a relatively small area of the Atlantic Ocean and are uncoupled, with the SST used as lower boundary conditions much coarser than the mesh of the regional atmospheric model. Concerns thus arise about the proper representation of the oceanic influence and the role of air-sea coupling in such experiments. A complex orography and the exposure to different air and ocean masses make the Iberian Peninsula (IP) an ideal test case for exploring the impact of including explicitly the North Atlantic in the regional domain and the added value that coupling brings to regional climate modeling. To this end, the regionally-coupled model ROM and its atmospheric component, the regional atmospheric model REMO are used in a set of coupled and uncoupled experiments forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and by the global climate model MPI-ESM. The atmospheric domain is the same in all simulations and includes the North Atlantic and the ocean component is global and eddy permitting. Results show that the impact of air-sea coupling on the IP winter biases can be traced back to the features of the simulated North Atlantic Ocean circulation. In summer, it is the air-sea interactions in the Mediterranean that exert the largest influence on the regional biases. Despite improvements introduced by the eddy-permitting ocean, it is suggested that a higher resolution could be needed for a correct simulation of the features of the large-scale atmospheric circulation that impact the climate of the IP.
Unconditional Reflexive Polytopes
Authors: Kohl Florian , Olsen McCabe , Sanyal Raman
Published: April 2020

A convex body is unconditional if it is symmetric with respect to reflections in all coordinate hyperplanes. We investigate unconditional lattice polytopes with respect to geometric, combinatorial, and algebraic properties. In particular, we characterize unconditional reflexive polytopes in terms of perfect graphs. As a prime example, we study the signed Birkhoff polytope. Moreover, we derive constructions for Gale-dual pairs of polytopes and we explicitly describe Gröbner bases for unconditional reflexive polytopes coming from partially ordered sets.
Mitigating adolescent social anxiety symptoms: the effects of social support and social self-efficacy in findings from the Young-HUNT 3 study
Authors: Aune Tore , Juul Else Marie Lysfjord , Beidel Deborah C. , Nordahl Hans M. , Dvorak Robert D.
Published: April 2020

Adolescents’ exposure to negative life events (NLEs) and potentially traumatic events is highly prevalent and increases their risk of developing psychological disorders considerably. NLE exposure has also been linked to the development of social anxiety disorder (SAD) among older children and young adolescents. Despite the relatively low treatment efficacy reported for children and adolescents suffering from SAD, few studies have addressed the extent to which resilience factors, such as social support and social self-efficacy, are associated with SAD symptoms. This study examined whether social support and social self-efficacy predict, and buffer against SAD symptoms using a large, population-based sample of adolescents, among whom a large proportion have experienced NLEs. The results reveal that NLEs are significantly associated with SAD symptoms, while social support and social self-efficacy are both negatively associated with SAD symptoms. Only the NLEs × social support interaction significantly predicted SAD symptoms, with social support attenuating the association between NLEs and SAD symptoms. Moreover, increases in both social self-efficacy and social support were associated with reduced SAD symptoms, over and above variance explained by social support alone. Our cumulative results suggest that interventions that can modify both social support and social self-efficacy may help reduce SAD symptoms in at-risk adolescents.
A scoping review and assessment of essential elements of shared decision-making of parent-involved interventions in child and adolescent mental health
Authors: Liverpool Shaun , Pereira Brent , Hayes Daniel , Wolpert Miranda , Edbrooke-Childs Julian
Published: April 2020

Parents play a critical role in child and adolescent mental health care and treatment. With the increasing implementation of shared decision-making (SDM) across health settings, there is a growing need to understand the decision support interventions used to promote SDM in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). The overall aim of this review is to identify and examine the existing decision support interventions available for parents. A broad search was conducted using the key concepts “shared decision-making”, “parents” and “child and adolescent mental health”. Five electronic databases were searched: PsycInfo, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. In addition to these relevant databases, we searched the Ottawa’s Inventory of Decision Aids, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario website, Google, Google Play and known CAMHS’ websites. The search identified 23 interventions available for use with parents. These interventions targeted parents providing care for children with ADHD, ASD, emotional and behavioural problems including depression (EBD), self-harm or universal mental health care. Various modalities including face-to-face, digital and paper-based versions were adopted. The majority of the interventions were able to “present options” (87%) and “discuss the pros and cons” (83%) of treatment. Time, accessibility and appropriateness of the intervention emerged as factors influencing usage and implementation of interventions. Our findings suggest that SDM interventions involving parents have been implemented differently across various presenting mental health difficulties in CAMHS. This review brings awareness of existing parent-involved interventions and has implications for the development, implementation and usage of new interventions.
Association of cytokine patterns and clinical/laboratory parameters, medication and periodontal burden in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: Patschan S. , Bothmann L. , Patschan D. , Henze E. , Schmalz G. , Ritter O. , Ziebolz D.
Published: April 2020

To evaluate serum levels of the following cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontal disease: Interleukin-6, -10, -17, and -23. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently suffer from periodontal disease. Both diseases partly result from a dysregulated immune response. The current study aimed to quantify Interleukin-6, -10, -17, and -23 levels in rheumatoid arthritis. It should be investigated if the periodontal disease would have additional modifying effects. A total of 157 patients were included. Serum levels of IL-6, -10, -17, and -23 were measured by ELISA. Serum IL-10 increased with longer duration of morning stiffness and with higher rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide titres. IL-10 was also elevated with longer duration of prednisolone (< 5 mg daily) and leflunomide therapy. Subjects with lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate/longer leflunomide therapy displayed more missing teeth/more clinical attachment loss. IL-17 was higher in subjects with fewer missing teeth if the following criteria were fulfilled: shorter prednisolone (< 5 mg) and methotrexate therapy, more swollen joints, longer morning stiffness. IL-23 finally was increased in subjects with higher rheumatoid factor and in those with higher periodontal probing depth/clinical attachment loss in the following situations: lower rheumatoid factor and shorter leflunomide therapy. Subjects suffering from dental/periodontal burden show an aberrant systemic cytokine availability of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-23 related to disease activity and medication. This examination underlines the complexity of potential interactions between disease activity and medication related to periodontal burden.
Vertrauen und Führung im Kontext digitaler Arbeit
Authors: Jäckel Ariane
Published: April 2020

Der vorliegende Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ untersucht die Relevanz von Vertrauen zwischen Führungskraft und Mitarbeiter im Kontext der Digitalisierung und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Vertrauen in Zukunft noch bedeutsamer wird. Der Beitrag gelangt zu dieser Erkenntnis, indem er die psycho-sozialen Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf organisationaler Ebene identifiziert und systematisch die möglichen Wirkzusammenhänge zu Vertrauen analysiert. Die Analyse ergibt, dass sich die Zahl der Anwendungsfelder für Vertrauen im Kontext der Digitalisierung deutlich erhöht, Machtausübung als alternatives Konzept an Potenzial verliert und Kontrolle die Funktion von Vertrauen sowie dessen positive Auswirkungen nicht ersetzen, aber ergänzen kann. Spezifische Implikationen zum Aufbau von Vertrauensbeziehungen im Kontext digitaler Arbeitswelten schließen diesen Beitrag ab.
Interdenominational Cooperation in Religious New Media Projects: the Case of the Christian Media Center
Authors: Martini Michele
Published: April 2020

In the last decade, macro religious institutions have undergone a process of digitalisation that enabled them to incorporate Internet Communication Technologies in their organisational infrastructure. Stemming from digital religion scholarship, the research presented in this paper relate to a study of the philosophy and functioning of an innovative Catholic media enterprise called Christian Media Center (CMC). Based in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, the CMC was established through the cooperation between the long-standing Franciscan Order and the technology-savvy Brazilian community of Canção Nova. Accordingly, this paper asks: which forms of interdenominational negotiation are involved in the functioning of the CMC? Drawing on interviews conducted during three years, this research will outline the process of internal negotiation required by the development of this Catholic new media project and propose possible directions for future research.
Efficacy of single and repeated administration of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kryst Joanna , Kawalec Paweł , Mitoraj Alicja Mikrut , Pilc Andrzej , Lasoń Władysław , Brzostek Tomasz
Published: April 2020

Background

Due to unmet clinical needs for efficient drugs with a rapid onset of antidepressant effects, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of single-dose ketamine in different subgroups of patients with major depression and establish whether repeated ketamine administration could be a viable strategy to maintain treatment gains.

Methods

Electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Trip Database) were systematically searched until February 22, 2019, for published peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning a single and repeated administration of ketamine in patients with major depression. All relevant RCTs were selected and critically appraised, and a meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed.

Results

A total of 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The largest effect of ketamine vs. controls in reducing depressive symptoms was observed at 24 h (SMD = − 0.89; 95% CI − 1.24; − 0.53; p < 0.00001); however, a significant difference was shown for up to 7 days after a single dose. Significant differences compared with controls were observed for up to 7 days in treatment-resistant patients and when ketamine was added to ongoing antidepressant treatment, while there were no significant differences at 7 days when ketamine was used as monotherapy. In patients with major depression, initial antidepressant effects of ketamine were maintained during repeated dosing. At 2–3 weeks of repeated ketamine treatment, significant reduction of depression severity scores was observed: SMD = − 0.70; 95% CI − 1.15; − 0.25 or SMD = − 0.81; 95% CI − 1.41; − 0.20 (depending on the dosing regimen used); p ≤ 0.009 vs placebo.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis revealed rapid and robust antidepressant effects of single-dose ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). By pooling data from RCTs, we showed for the first time that repeated ketamine administration is effective in sustaining initial antidepressant effects observed after single dosing.
Population pharmacokinetics of standard-dose meropenem in critically ill patients on continuous renal replacement therapy: a prospective observational trial
Authors: Onichimowski Dariusz , Będźkowska Anita , Ziółkowski Hubert , Jaroszewski Jerzy , Borys Michał , Czuczwar Mirosław , Wiczling Paweł
Published: April 2020

Background

The primary objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem, based on the population of critically ill adult patients undergoing CRRT. The secondary one was to examine the relationship between patient characteristics (covariates) and individual PK parameters. Finally, we aimed to perform Monte Carlo simulations to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) of %T > MIC considering the uncertainty of PK parameters.

Materials and methods

The study population included 19 adult critically ill patients on CRRT, receiving 1 g of meropenem in 1-h infusions every 8 h. Blood samples were collected prior to (time zero) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 480 min after the start of meropenem administration. Population nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was conducted using NONMEM software, Fortran, and Wings for NONMEM.

Results

A two-compartment model was used to describe the available data. Typical values of the central and peripheral volume of distribution, and the CRRT and inter-compartmental clearance for a theoretical patient with 24.6 g/l albumin concertation were V1 = 27.9 l, V2 = 33.7 l, ClCRRT = 15.1 l/h, and Q = 21.1 l/h. A significant covariate relationship between V1 and albumin concentration was observed in the data that was described by a power relationship with − 2.87 exponent. Subsequently performed Monte Carlo simulations of the model allowed us to assess the impact of albumin concentration on PTA. The 40%T > 2 mg/l target was reached in more than 90% of subjects after 1-h infusion of 1000 mg q8h and steady-state conditions. The more stringent 100%T > 2 mg/l target requires higher doses and/or longer infusion durations that depend on the albumin concentration.

Conclusions

The population PK model was successfully developed to describe the time course of meropenem concentrations. The hypoalbuminemia was found to be associated with higher PTA in the CRRT patients after multiple short-term infusions.
Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan)
Authors: Kattan Victor
Published: April 2020

Jadhav Case (India v. Pakistan) concerned Pakistan's arrest, detention, conviction, and death sentence of Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav, asserted by India to be an Indian national, who had been convicted of engaging in acts of terrorism and espionage in Pakistan. This is the third dispute over the interpretation of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR) to come before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). In contrast to the Applicants in the previous consular rights cases, India sought relief that included the annulment of Jadhav's conviction in Pakistan, his release from custody, and his safe transfer to India. After unanimously finding it had jurisdiction, fifteen judges of the ICJ, with only Judge ad hoc Jillani dissenting, held on the merits that Pakistan had breached VCCR Article 36 by failing to inform Jadhav without delay of his rights under that provision; by failing to notify without delay the appropriate consular post of India in Pakistan of his detention; and by depriving India of its right to communicate with Jadhav, to visit him in detention, and arrange for his legal representation. In addition, the Court, with only Judge ad hoc Jillani dissenting, found that Pakistan is under an obligation to inform Jadhav of his rights without further delay and is obliged to provide Indian consular officers access to him. The Court further found that appropriate reparation required Pakistan to provide, by means of its own choosing, effective review and reconsideration of Jadhav's conviction and sentence to ensure that full weight is given to the effect of the violation of his rights. Finally, the ICJ, again with Judge ad hoc Jillani dissenting, declared that a continued stay of execution constituted an indispensable condition for the effective review and reconsideration of Jadhav's conviction and sentence.
Allocation of Scarce Resources in a Pandemic: A Systematic Review of US State Crisis Standards of Care Documents
Authors: Romney Douglas , Fox Hannah , Carlson Stephanie , Bachmann Daniel , O’Mathuna Donal , Kman Nicholas
Published: April 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to locate and analyze United States state crisis standards of care (CSC) documents to determine their prevalence and quality. Following PRISMA guidelines, Google search for “allocation of scarce resources” and “crisis standards of care (CSC)” for each state. We analyzed the plans based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, which provided guidance for establishing CSC for use in disaster situations, as well as the 2014 CHEST consensus statement’s 11 core topic areas. The search yielded 42 state documents, and we excluded 11 that were not CSC plans. Of the 31 included plans, 13 plans were written for an “all hazards” approach, while 18 were pandemic influenza specific. Eighteen had strong ethical grounding. Twenty-one plans had integrated and ongoing community and provider engagement, education, and communication. Twenty-two had assurances regarding legal authority and environment. Sixteen plans had clear indicators, triggers, and lines of responsibility. Finally, 28 had evidence-based clinical processes and operations. Five plans contained all 5 IOM elements: Arizona, Colorado, Minnesota, Nevada, and Vermont. Colorado and Minnesota have all hazards documents and processes for both adult and pediatric populations and could be considered exemplars for other states.
Drawing on Israel’s Experience Organizing Volunteers to Operationalize Drive-Through Coronavirus Testing Centers
Authors: Kim Edward
Published: April 2020

To increase the country’s capacity to test and track suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, Israel launched drive-through testing centers in key cities, including Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, Be’er Sheva, and Haifa. This article examines the challenges that the national emergency medical services and volunteers faced in the process of implementing drive-through testing centers to offer lessons learned and direction to health-care professionals in other countries.
Investigating the Determinants of High Case-Fatality Rate for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy
Authors: Barone-Adesi Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca , Schmid Maurizio
Published: April 2020

Case-Fatality Rate (CFR) for COVID-19 in Italy is apparently much higher than in other countries. Using data from Italy and other countries we evaluated the role of different determinants of this phenomenon. We found that the Italian testing strategy could explain an important part of the observed difference in CFR. In particular, the majority of patients that are currently tested in Italy have severe clinical symptoms that usually require hospitalization and this translates to a large CFR. We are confident that, once modifications in the testing strategy leading to higher population coverage are consistently adopted in Italy, CFR will realign with the values reported worldwide.
From Diversity to Coordination: A European Approach to COVID-19
Authors: PACCES Alessio M. , WEIMER Maria
Published: April 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the face of Europe. Member States’ divergent responses to this crisis reveal a lack of unity in the face of a humanitarian catastrophe. At best, this undermines the effectiveness of health protection within the European Union (EU). At worst, it risks breaking up the Union altogether. Divergent national responses to COVID-19 reflect different national preferences and political legitimacy, and thus cannot be completely avoided. In this article, we argue that these responses should be better coordinated. Without coordination, the price for diversity is high. Firstly, there are damaging spill-overs between Member States, which undermine key pillars of European integration such as the free movement of persons and of goods. Secondly, national policy-making is easily captured by local interest groups. Our proposal is that the EU indicates – not mandates – a European exit strategy from asymmetric containment policies of COVID-19. In particular, the EU should help Member States procure and validate tests for infection and immunity. The EU should also indicate ways in which testing could be used to create safe spaces to work, thereby restoring the free movement of persons and of goods. We see a great advantage in such EU guidance: it could improve mutual learning between Member States, which have faced different timings of the epidemic and learned different lessons. Although the local political economy has so far delayed learning and undermined cooperation, the EU can mitigate both effects and indicate the way for Europe to resurrect united from the ashes of COVID-19.
Neurocognitive hacking
Authors: Heslen John J.
Published: April 2020

This article presents a discussion of neurocognitive hacking and its potential for use at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of cyber conflict. Neurocognitive hacking refers to the ability to activate specific neural areas of the brain, via subliminal or supraliminal stimuli, to shape the behavioral outcomes of an adversary. Research suggests that awareness of mortality-related stimuli has neural correlates in the right amygdala and left anterior cingulate cortex and mediates negative behavior toward out-group members, including unconscious discriminatory behavior. Given its in-group/out-group dynamic, the phenomenon could be exploited for use in information operations toward target populations, specifically ones that are multiethnic, multicultural, or multireligious. Although development of the theoretical framework behind neurocognitive hacking is ongoing, mortality-related stimuli are proposed to activate one’s unconscious vigilance system to further evaluate the locus and viability of the suspect stimuli. Research suggests that the subsequent discriminatory affective reactions directed toward out-group members are representative of automatic heuristics evolved to protect the organism in the event a stimulus represents a more serious threat to survival. Therefore, presenting mortality-related stimuli over computer networks to targeted audiences may facilitate the ingestion of tailored propaganda or shaping of specific behavioral outcomes within a population, including sowing division in a target community or weakening support for a specific political regime.
Application of triplex-PCR with an innovative combination of 3 pairs of primers for the detection of milk's animal origin in cheese and yoghurt
Authors: Tsirigoti Evanthia , Katsirma Zoi , Papadopoulos Athanasios I. , Samouris Georgios , Ekateriniadou Loukia V. , Boukouvala Evridiki
Published: April 2020

In this research communication we describe an innovative protocol that combines three pairs of primers, two from the literature and one designed in our laboratory, for application in triplex-PCR on somatic cell DNA to enable identification of the species origin (cow, sheep, goat) of cheeses and yogurts with a detection limit of 0.1%. Mislabeling was detected in 15 out of 40 cheeses and in 18 out of 40 yogurts tested. The suggested procedure is a quick and reliable tool for identifying the animal origin of cheeses and yogurts and it can be used to certify product reliability on the domestic and international market. Additionally, in combination with a serological test it can offer a reliable tool for detecting the presence of cow's whey.
Selenium biofortified alfalfa hay fed in low quantities improves selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in transition dairy cows and their calves
Authors: Jaaf Shana , Batty Brandon , Krueger Angela , Estill Charles T. , Bionaz Massimo
Published: April 2020

The hypothesis of the study was that feeding a relatively low amount of Se biofortified alfalfa hay during the dry period and early lactation would improve selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in dairy cows and their calves. Ten Jersey and 8 Holstein primiparous dairy cows were supplemented with Se biofortified (TRT; n = 9) or non-biofortified (CTR; n = 9) alfalfa hay at a rate of 1 kg/100 kg of BW mixed with the TMR from 40 d prior parturition to 2 weeks post-partum. Se concentration in whole blood, liver, milk, and colostrum, the transfer of Se to calves, and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assessed. TRT had 2-fold larger (P < 0.05) Se in blood v. CTR that resulted in larger Se in liver and colostrum but not milk and larger GPx activity in plasma and erythrocytes but not in milk. Compared to CTR, calves from TRT had larger Se in blood but only a numerical (P = 0.09) larger GPx activity in plasma. A positive correlation was detected between Se in the blood and GPx activity in erythrocytes and plasma in cows. Our results demonstrated that feeding pregnant primiparous dairy cows with a relatively low amount of Se-biofortified alfalfa hay is an effective way to increase Se in the blood and liver, leading to greater antioxidant activity via GPx. The same treatment was effective in improving Se concentration in calves but had a modest effect on their GPx activity. Feeding Se biofortified hay increased Se concentration in colostrum but not in milk.
Reading the Historia Scholastica at the Close of the Twelfth Century: Nigel of Canterbury and Trinity College, Cambridge, MS B.15.5
Authors: O'DALY IRENE
Published: April 2020

Trinity College, Cambridge,msB.15.5, contains a copy of Peter Comestor'sHistoria scholastica, donated by Nigel of Canterbury to the library at Christ Church. This article focuses on the exegetical content of its dense annotations. Heavily dependent on the writings of theologians associated with the school of St Victor, they offer an insight into the kinds of sources which were read alongside theHistoria scholasticain this period. The article also queries a note made on the flyleaf which identifies Nigel as the compiler, examining its credibility and its implications for the presumed chronology of his life.
Julius Verus and the Abandonment of Antonine Scotland
Authors: Hanson W.S. , Breeze D.J.
Published: April 2020

The abandonment of the Roman occupation of Scotland in the governorship of Julius Verus is seen as deliberate, ordered and, so far as we can see, peaceful. It is argued that the withdrawal is linked to an ongoing shortage of military manpower in Britain, brought to a head by the transfer ina.d. 158 of legionary vexillations to the German provinces (attested byRIB1322) to assist with the reconfiguration of the frontier there.
Narrating ‘potential’: older knowledge workers’ anticipatory narratives about their future employment
Authors: Handley Karen , den Outer Birgit
Published: April 2020

This article examines the narratives of 24 knowledge workers aged 48–58 as they anticipate their future employment and employability. The term knowledge worker is used to indicate occupational roles such as software engineer, academic, architect, manager and lawyer, where work involves non-routine problem-solving using ‘intellectual assets’. Four narrative patterns about future employment are presented: winding down, reorienting ‘self’ away from work, seeking progression and renewal. These patterns reveal contrasting self-evaluations of employability and potential. We argue that employability is not a straightforward function of human capital, which usually refers to experience, knowledge and qualifications. We show through our data how judgements about a person's employability – both self-evaluations as well as evaluations by others – are complicated by social norms and cultural understandings of ‘potential’. Strategies to signal one's potential become more complex and sometimes less effective for older knowledge workers. We contend that a person's age influences others’ evaluations of their employment potential, such that the relationship between attributed merit (based largely on past experience) and attributed potential (based on assumptions about a person's future) is inverted as workers become older. The findings have implications for public policies such as ‘Extending Working Lives’. Policies that remove legal and institutional barriers to extended working lives may be only partially successful without changes to cultural attitudes about older workers’ employment potential.