bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combination Treatment of p53-Null HL-60 cells with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors and Chlorambucil Augments Apoptosis and Increases BCL6 and p21 Gene Expression
Authors: Kwa Faith A.A. , Cole-Sinclair Merrole F. , Kapuscinski Miroslav K.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Treatment of hematological malignancies with conventional DNA-damaging drugs, such as chlorambucil (CLB), commonly results in p53-dependent chemo-resistance. Chromatin modifying agents, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), sodium butyrate (NaBu) and trichostatin A (TSA), may reverse chemo-resistance by modulating the activity of chromatin remodeling enzymes and/or genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

Objective:

This study examined the potential use of HDACIs and CLB combination therapies in an in vitro chemo-resistant leukemia model.

Methods:

The p53-null promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, was used as an in vitro model of chemo-resistant leukemia. Drug cytotoxicity was determined by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assays and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining (flow cytometry). The level of mRNA expression of the chromatin modifying genes was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results:

Micromolar concentrations of CLB combined with either NaBu or TSA triggered synergistic cytotoxic effects in HL-60 cells (p < 0.001). The effects of the combination treatments resulted in upregulated p21 gene expression (up to 59-fold; p<0.001) that preceded an increase in BCL6 gene expression (up to 20-fold; p < 0.001). Statistically significant but smaller magnitude changes (≤ 2-fold; p <0.05) were noted in the expression of other genes studied regardless of the treatment type.

Conclusion:

The combination treatment of p53-null HL-60 cells with DNA-damaging agent CLB and HDACIs NaBu and TSA triggered additive to synergistic effects on apoptosis and upregulated BCL6 and p21 expression. These findings reveal BCL6 and p21 as potential targets of chemo-resistance for the development of anti-leukemic drugs.
Curcuminoids and Novel Opportunities for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Which Molecules are Actually Effective?
Authors: Zholos Alexander V. , Moroz Olesia F. , Storozhuk Maksim V.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Millions of people worldwide are suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there are only symptomatic treatments available for this disease. Thus, there is a great need to identify drugs capable of arresting or reversing AD. Constituents of the spice turmeric, in particular, curcuminoids, seem to be very promising, as evident from in vitro experiments and tests using animal models of AD. However, most of the clinical trials did not reveal any beneficial effects of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD. These controversies, including conflicting results of clinical trials, are thought to be related to bioavailability of curcuminoids, which is low unless it is enhanced by developing a special formulation. However, there is growing evidence suggesting that other reasons may be of even greater importance, but these avenues are less explored.

Objective:

Review relevant literature, and analyze potential reasons for the controversial results.

Methodology:

Recent in vitro and preclinical studies; clinical trials (without a limiting period) were searched in PubMed and Google Scholar.

Results:

While recent in vitro and preclinical studies confirm the therapeutic potential of curcuminoids in the treatment of AD and cognitive dysfunctions, results of corresponding clinical trials remain rather controversial.

Conclusion:

The controversial results obtained in the clinical trials may be in part due to particularities of the curcuminoid formulations other than bioavailability. Namely, it seems likely that the various formulations differ in terms of their minor turmeric constituent(s). We hypothesize that these distinctions may be of key importance for efficacy of the particular formulation in clinical trials. A testable approach addressing this hypothesis is suggested.
Aktivitas antimikroba dan antioksidan ekstrak tepung daun dan buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia)
Authors: Kurniawan David
Published: October 2018

Noni fruit is a medical plant with active compound like antimicrobial and antioxidant that could potentially be used as a feed additive in poultry. This study aimed to determine the activity antimicrobial and antioxidant of noni fuit leave and fruit extract. The method was field experiment arranged in Completely Randomize Design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are metanol extract of noni fruit powder, leave noni powder and combination noni fruit and leave powder. The inhibition zone diameter was determined by disc diffusion method, total phenol was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method, Flavonoid was determined by Aluminium clorida method and antioxidant activity by DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl) method. The results showed that noni powder ex-tract had significantly effect (P<0.01) in inhibition of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Escherichia coli. The total phenol of Noni fruit powder is highest approximately 1.67 mg/g GAE. The flavonoid of Noni leave is highest approximately 0.0438 mg/g QE. The DPPH test of Noni fruit is highest approximately 84.03%. It can be concluded that noni fruit extract can be used as an antibacterial and antioxidant in poultry.
Pengaruh pengencer air kelapa tua yang berbeda varietas terhadap kualitas semen cair Kambing Boer pada penyimpanan 3-50C
Authors: Aziz Achmad Fadhli , Salim Muhammad Ade , Isnaini Nurul , Yekti Aulia Puspita Anugra , Susilawati Trinil
Published: October 2018

Artificial Insemination using liquid semen is technology reproduction can improve goat productivity without liquid nitrogen. The Purpose of this research was to determine differences of old coconut water varieties of red (Cocos rubescens) and green (Cocos viridis) as diluent Boer goat semen, based on motility, viability and spermabnormalities during storage at 3-50C. The materials used for this research was Boer goat fresh semen as much as 3 heads were collected 2 times a week. Experimental Design. The treatment were devided into three Treatmen, there were: P0 (Tris+ 20% egg yolk); P1 (old coconut water varieties red + 20% egg yolk); P2 (old coconut water varieties green + 20% egg yolk). The data were analyzed by randomized block design, if the result are different or significantly different then continued to be tested with Duncan's multiple range test. The result showed that during storage until days 4, P0 has the best result on motility (40,5 + 1,1 %), viability (45,18+ 1,56 %), and abnormality (1,89+ 0,59 %). While on the diluent using old coconut water green variety better then red variety. On day of 2 P1 and P2 have motility (61 + 1,3%) and (51+ 7,5%); Viability (67,14+17,99%) and (55,37+10,66%), abnormality (1,23 + 1,02%) dan (1,70+ 0,99%).
Results of tests on the indicator of external noise of electric locomotives in the standing time
Authors: Noskov M. Yu. , Ginshparg M. M. , Nesterov N. S.
Published: October 2018

The authors of the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” had conducted tests of mainline electric locomotives intended for handling freight trains on sections of the road electrified with alternating current at a voltage of 25 kV (electric locomotives of an alternating current). Tests were conducted in terms of the level of external noise at the standing time. The results of tests of AC electric locomotive, which was in a stationary mode, are presented in terms of the external noise index, and a methodology for performing these tests is described. As a result of the conducted researches, the article establish the main sources of external noise in the operation of AC electric locomotives (fans intended for cooling electrical equipment and traction motors, air compressors, traction transformers, etc.), its actual values, as well as the nature of the sound field around electric locomotives. The analysis of the obtained sound field made it possible to identify the points where the excess of the standard noise values (more than 65 dBA) is observed. It is proposed to bring the technical condition of the equipment, such as traction transformer, converter and cooling module of the traction engine of the power compartment of an electric locomotive in accordance with the normative documentation. The repeated measurements of the external noise level after technical completion did not reveal the excess of its normative values in accordance with the regulatory documentation. In order to provide a normative margin in terms of the external noise of an electric locomotive, it is proposed to use sound-absorbing material in the construction of its body. It is recommended to perform an experimental study of the spectral composition of the noise of the equipment of an electric locomotive operating at the standing time and the resulting external noise at points located outside and around the locomotive in order to calculate the acoustic characteristics of sound-absorbing materials. Sound absorbing material is expedient to be selected depending on the frequency range in which the greatest excess is observed above the maximum permissible values using known empirical and semi-empirical dependences, on the basis of which it is possible to preliminary determine its sound-absorbing properties in the frequency range established by regulatory documents. After equipping the power compartment of the locomotive with soundproof materials, tests on the evaluation of the external noise of an electric locomotive at standing should be repeated.
Device for lubrication of open friction units
Authors: Petrushin A. D. , Ignat’Ev O. L. , Glazunov D. V.
Published: October 2018

The article considers the problem of increased wear of the wheel-rail pair. An effective solution to this problem is the use of technical means of lubrication, which ensure a reduction in the wear rate of the crests of rolling stock wheels. Based on the survey of modern foreign and domestic lubrication devices and technologies, the main types of flange lubrication systems are identified: onboard (on rolling stock), track stationary, mobile rail-lubricators. The main shortcomings of the existing lubrication systems have been identified: the complexity of the construction of flange lubrication systems, the accuracy of lubricant application on the wheel flange, the lack of control over the serviceability of equipment (onboard and stationary combs), the lack of free paths in the graph for skipping mobile rail-lubricators, especially on single-track line considering the low speed of their operation. These drawbacks lead to the conclusion that at present there are no lubrication technologies that fully meet the conditions of the wheel-rail pair operation. A developed device is proposed that allows accurately applying a lubricant in the form of a solid lubricating element to the wheel flanges of the rolling stock and to provide an automated supply of lubricant in the temperature range of the operation of the rolling stock flanges. Authors described the mechanism of operation of the proposed device for lubricating the wheel flange, which ensures the flow of solid lubricant to the interacting surfaces.
Application of DAC function at the setting of conditional sensitivity of ultrasonic control of rolling stock parts with echo-pulse method
Authors: Kireev A. N. , Vitrenko V. A.
Published: October 2018

The aim of the article is to develop a method for ultrasonic inspection of the rolling stock parts both in manufacturing tuning out the distance amplitude correction curve (DAC) when and in operation. adjusting the conditional sensitivity of a lateral cylindrical reflector The advantage of applying the method of conditional sensitivity with a diameter of 6 mm, located in the CO-2 measure at a depth is that one CO 2 measure with fixed verified metrological characteof 44 mm, ultrasonic monitoring of railway rolling stock by an echo-ristics is enough to control a fairly wide range of rolling stock parts. pulse method. The disadvantage of this method is that the sensitivity over the The method of adjusting the conditional sensitivity for the CO-2 entire control range will be the same and, accordingly, will lead to measure, which consists in detuning the zero level along the lateral the fact that at the beginning of the monitoring range the small-cylindrical reflector, fixing the value of the amplitude and adding size discontinuities will be classified as unacceptable, while the dis-an additional gain factor, established by the regulatory documen-continuities of the same size at the end of the control range will be tation for control, obtained a wide circulation in various methods of classified as allowable. A mathematical tool is proposed for tuning out the DAC when adjusting the conditional sensitivity along the lateral cylindrical reflector to the CO-2 measure of ultrasonic inspection of parts of the railroad rolling stock. To automate the calculations of the DAC parameters of an ultrasonic flaw detector, the software product NDTRT-23 was developed on the basis of the obtained mathematical tool.
Passenger insurance on the Russians railway transport. Automated subsystem of voluntary insurance against passengers accidents on the railway transport bases on the automated control system “Express”
Authors: Sungatullina A. T. , Gumina I. B. , Antonova G. A.
Published: October 2018

The article reviews the ways of insurance in railway transport, namely compulsory insurance of the civil liability of the carrier for causing damage to life, health, property of passengers and voluntary insurance of passengers on the basis of the management system for passenger transportations in the automated control system “Express”. In the case of compulsory insurance, a railway ticket for a longdistance train is a confirmation that the passenger is insured. No additional documents are needed. In the case of voluntary insurance, a passenger can purchase a voluntary insurance policy at the railway ticket office or through the website www: //rzd.ru. The ACS “Express” gives the opportunity for a passenger to issue a travel document for a long distance train and a policy of voluntary insurance against accidents in one of four insurance companies: PJSC “Rosgosstrakh”, LLC “Renaissance Insurance Group”, JSC “Insurance Company BLAGOSOSTOYANIE”, JSC “Insurance Company of the Gas Industry” (SOGAZ). At the moment each insurance company offers insurance premium of 3 par values with the relevant insurance amounts. The cost of voluntary insurance policies depends only on the sum insured and does not depend on such factors as the duration of the trip, the train category or the age of the insured. Insurance coverage is valid during the trip from the moment of announcement of boarding, but not earlier than 30 minutes before departure, and ends no later than one hour after the arrival of the insured passenger to the destination station, provided that it is located on the territory of the railway station or terminal. The insurance contract is concluded for one trip in longdistance railway transport. The information technology of voluntary insurance creates for passengers more attractive conditions, the comfort and safety of passenger transportation increases. The article provides the functional description and report examples of developed and implemented in the industrial operation software and analysis complex on the basis of the ACS “Express”, which includes automated work stations (AWS) “Insurance companies and complexes”, “Voluntary insurance” and “Inquiry on insured passengers by train”. This software and analytical complex implements tasks that ensure the formation of reference and analytical information, operational financial reporting on the sold voluntary insurance policies and monitoring of the demand indicators of insurance policies and insurance companies.
The computer program for determining the heat transfer coefficient as a tool for saving fuel and energy resources
Authors: Golubin A. A. , Naumenko S. N.
Published: October 2018

The article shows the structure of the computer program “Express estimation system of the heat transfer coefficient for the vehicle”. The performance sequence of the automated calculation for determining the heat transfer coefficient ( K ) is described on the example of the refrigerator car body with the use of the data obtained during the accelerated thermal engineering tests. The advantages of the announced program are shown, consisting in a substantial reduction in the duration of testing, excluding the influence of the human factor when performing calculations and reducing the costs of organizing documentation flow. It was noted that for the operators of isothermal vehicles (ITV) the formation of an automated database with the calculated values results of K allows not only to monitor the dynamics of their changes during the ITV operations, but also with sufficient accuracy to predict the time of reaching the critical values of K , after which the regular energy installations will work with a significant expenditure of fuel and energy resources. The results of the expected economic efficiency in determining K by the accelerated method are presented; its value for the main types of ITV operating in the JSC “RZD” will be at least 14.0 billion rubles.
Analysis of the stability control of the car with the admission to the infrastructure
Authors: Antropova T. A. , Glushko M. I.
Published: October 2018

The rolling stock and the railway track are a single stant tendency of the development of rail transport in relation to mechanical system. The running parts of the rolling stock and the the interaction of the power wheel-to-rail friction pair consists in track are interacting under difficult dynamic conditions. The con-increasing the axle load on the rails for freight rolling stock and further increasing the speed of the passenger trains. It takes a qualified approach to traffic safety issues and special attention to the stability of rolling stock to achieve these goals. An analysis of the stability control of the car with an admission to the infrastructure was carried out based on the regulatory documents that establish the main provisions and procedures for the operation of railways and railway workers. Authors proposed the elimination of existing shortcomings and ensuring the stability of the carriage motion by optimizing parameters of the placement of goods in the car. Calculations were made on the rollover stability conditions (stability loss) of the body and the criterion of the critical speed at which the carriage derailed due to the loss of contact of the wheels with the internal rail line of the curve. A method for controlling the stability of a car with a load by means of two-position weighing is proposed. The results obtained also make it possible to determine the height of the common center of gravity (CG), the magnitude of the longitudinal and lateral displacement of the center of gravity of the freight.
Track alignment on crushed ballast with installation of under sleeper pads and pneumatic shovel packing
Authors: Pevzner V. O. , Kaplin V. N. , Abrashitov A. N. , Semak A. V.
Published: October 2018

Specialists of the Scientiﬁc Research Institute of Railway Transport (JSC “VNIIZhT”) and Tracks and track facilities Department of the RUT (MIIT) initiated the procedure in consultation with the Test Center of the JSC “VNIIZhT”, tests were performed on the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” in Shcherbinka. The experiment was carried out to conﬁrm the possibility of straightening the track in the proﬁle by instal ling under-slipper pads and pneumatic shovel packing (by padding with the use of a compressed air stream to transfer and distribute the ﬁne gravel particles under the sleeper). The purpose of the test was to search for alternative ways for piling up crushed ballast. As a result of the experiment, it was established:the use of pads and pneumatic shovel packing provides a much greater stability of the track in the proﬁle than the alignment of the track by padding the ballast under the sleepers with electric packing machine;pneumatic shovel packing creates a greater resistance to the sleeper creeping in the zone of the mechanical joint in comparison with the adjustment of punching rubble for sleepers with electric packing machine with identical fasteners (the experimental and control joints follow one another);alignment with the installation of pads and pneumatic shovel packing can be successfully applied on the railway track with a large missed tonnage and high pollution of the ballast prism. The results of the tests carried out on the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” help to reﬁne the advanced technologies for straighte ning the railway track in the proﬁle to under-sleeper pads and pneumatic shovel packing for the future creation of experimental sections on the existing rail track and the possible extension of these ways of straightening the railway track in the proﬁle to the entire network.
Scientiﬁc toolkit for predictive efﬁciency management of railway transportation
Authors: Macheret D. A. , Valeev N. A.
Published: October 2018

The problem of uncertainty and early prediction of possible “breaking points” in the trends of changes in key performan ce indicators, which impedes long-term economic forecasting, is extremely serious, especially in such a capital-intensive industry as rail transport. For the purpose of preventive detection of changes in trends, the authors suggested using the “marginal factor of operating costs” as a forecasting tool, which will be the most sensitive to changes in the efﬁciency of railways, playing the leading role, as compared to gross indicators or derived from them. This indicator with the developed classiﬁcation of its zonal levels will allow initiating the adoption of the necessary managerial decisions, taking into account marginal revenues and marginal costs. An analysis of change in the marginal coefficient of operating costs, taking into account the effect of filling the capacity of the railway line on it, makes it possible to identify with high sensitivity the signals of emerging positive or negative changes in the level of efficiency. Thus, the timely formation and reﬁnement of measures for the development of the railway network, as well as the introduction of new transport products on the market, the implementation of innovative, including digital, technologies should be based on a scientiﬁc tool for predictive management of the efﬁciency of rail transport. The marginal coefﬁcient of operating costs as a leading indicator of efﬁciency can become an indicative basis for such management. It is advisable to monitor the marginal coefficient of operating costs in the network as a whole, and also to develop the procedure for its evaluation by kinds of freight, directions of transportation and transport products. This will allow to prioritize the implementation of specific activities more justified, on the one hand, and to assess the effectiveness of its implementation on the other.
Methodological basis for the implementation of train formation plans for carriers in the train schedule at the infrastructure site
Authors: Fedorov E. A.
Published: October 2018

The current market of railway transport participants is distinguished by an expanded composition of possible participants in comparison with the traditional approach “shipper - carrier - recipient”, taking into account the tendencies of limiting natural monopolies and ensuring equitable access to the services of the railway transport infrastructure provided by the agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union. Organization of train work in such conditions is complicated by an expanded list of requirements for the train operation along the routes and the need to coordinate the actions of a signiﬁcant number of participants in the transportation. The article offers the method of the decision of a task on development of the train schedule on the closed range of an infrastructure of railway transportation of the general using, providing effective development of the train ﬂows declared for transportation by set of carriers. In the methodology, a transition was made from the objective principle of developing the unstructured operational load to the railway sections and stations to process identiﬁcation of the trafﬁc ﬂows of the carriers, which determines the route assignments of trains and the parameters of using the infrastructure objects with reference to the destination of the formation plan. The application of this methodology provides conditions for equitable competition in the use of the railway transport infrastructure and creates the conditions for the synergetic economic effect of the interaction of participants in the transportation process.
Estimation of the equivalent conicity of wheel treads with worn rolling surface
Authors: Kogan A. Ya.
Published: October 2018

The safety of freight trains motion that have empty cars in their composition is in many cases determined by the stability of the motion of these cars. The problem is that the intense horizontal non-stationary-periodic oscillations arise due to the conicity of the wheel treads with the weak connection of the wheelsets with the side frames of the three-piece bogie of the freight car at a certain (critical) speed of motion. These oscillations begin to threaten the safety of train motion when the car's speed exceeds its critical value by 20-25 km/h. Numerically, the conicity is determined by the angle between the generatrix of the conical surface and the axis of the cone. The results of experimental studies and theoretical calculations show that within creasing conicity of the wheel treads of freight cars, the value of the critical speed decreases substantially. The article describes a method of an estimation of an equivalent conicity of wheel treads of cars with the worn out surface of rolling. The method is based on calculating the coefficients of a polynomial over even grades of the lateral oscillations amplitude of a single freely moving wheelset in the tangent segment of the track. Coefficients of the polynomial contain factors determined by the function of the difference in the radii of the worn wheel in sections equidistant from the vertical axis passing through the middle position of the point of contact between the wheel and the rail on the wheel tread. This method will help to further clarify the timing of car's wheel-turning on the condition of ensuring the safety of empty freight trains, taking into account the actual condition of the rolling surfaces of the wheel treads.
Influence of the axial loads of rolling stock on the contact-fatigue life of rails
Authors: Kossov V. S. , Volokhov G. M. , Krasnov O. G. , Ovechnikov M. N. , Protopopov A. L. , Oguenko V. V.
Published: October 2018

Analysis of operational data for defective and highly defective rails showed that up to 25 % is the contact-fatigue defects. In connection with the development of heavy haul traffic on the Russian railways, it is relevant to determine the influence of cars with increased axial loads of 25 and 27 tf on the contact fatigue life of rails. The solution of this problem is set forth in this article. The Brown-Miller model of multi-axial fatigue was used in the calculation. This model is integrated into the Fatigue software system, which is tied to the Marc calculation system through Pat-ran. Since under operating conditions the wheel moves (rolls) along the rail on meandering trajectory, in computer modeling weight coefficients were taken into account that characterize the percentage of wheels in the cross-sectional areas of the rail. Calculations of contact fatigue life took into account the variability of vertical loads from the impact on the track of trains formed from innovative open cars with axial loads of 23.5, 25 and 27 tf under operating conditions, loaded with real loading blocks. According to the analysis of calculated data with an increase in axial loads from 23.5 to 25 tf, it is necessary to expect a decrease in the service life of rails in contact fatigue resistance by 19 %, with a further increase in axle loads of up to 27 tf per 32 %. Considering that the share of freight cars with axial loads of 25 tf does not exceed 15...20 %, then on the routes of its use the service life of rails should be expected to decrease by 3...4 %. The method proposed by the authors for predicting the contact fatigue life of rails with increasing axial loads is advisable to improve in part of the experimental determination of the fatigue and strength characteristics of rail steel from the degree of hardening of the rolling surface, its probabilistic properties and the use of the integral distribution law for vertical forces, taking into account the structure of the freight traffic passing through the section. The work was carried out according to the RFBR project 17-20 01088.
The work of rails under conditions of various average static axial loads of rolling stock
Authors: Titarenko M. I.
Published: October 2018

The analysis of failure of unhardened and heat-strengthened R65 rails under operating conditions in the tangent sections of the track is presented taking into account the influence of the most important operational factor - the average static axial loads of the rolling stock. Non-reinforced R65 rails in the jointed track on the 12.5 m long wooden sub-rail base were considered based on the results of their single replacement in the entire range of their failures. The work of rails under operating conditions is estimated at average static axial loads of rolling stock as 7.5, 9.5, 16.5 and 19.5 tf (73.55, 93.16, 161.82 and 191.21 kN) at all stages of the tonnage at each load. The influence of the average static axial loads of the rolling stock on rail failure in specific operating conditions has been revealed. The features of the change in the intensity of rail failure are considered at all stages of their operation, both for the specified and for the average network level of the static load. The obtained statistical data on the effect of axial loads of rolling stock on the operation of rails can be used in the practice of track maintenance. In conditions of increasing axial loads up to 25, 27 tf, it is necessary to use rails of the appropriate quality; also it is expedient to create new rails for such operating conditions. It is necessary to perform an evaluation of the real operational qualities of the rails in order to use the rolling stock with the increased axial loads (25, 27 tf) in the transportation process in the most efficient way. In the long term, the results of such studies will be aimed at improving the operation of the systems for running track and railway car complexes.
Increase of informativity of two-frequency method of defectometry at ultrasonic control of details and units of railway rolling stock
Authors: Kireev A. N.
Published: October 2018

When forecasting the technical state of the parts and units of railway rolling stock in operation, an important task is to determine the shape of the discontinuity in ultrasonic non-destructive testing in order to predict its behavior in further operation (this is especially important if the discontinuity in the results of such control is acceptable). Author proposed a solution for the improvement of the two-frequency defectometry method. A mathematical apparatus was developed and a method for determining the coefficient of the discontinuity shape was elaborate on its basis. The method makes it possible to determine the shape of both a point and an extended discontinuity. The software product NDTRT-07.03.01.18 was developed to automate calculations in determining the shape of discontinuity by a two-frequency method. The article gives a description of the experimental studies carried out to evaluate the reliability of the proposed method. This method can be used in determining the shape of the discontinuity in the details of the rolling stock, in which the defect can have a different shape, for example: cast wheel centers; various shaped castings used in the manufacture of rolling stock units (brackets for locomotive bogies, cast sidewalls for cars), as well as in parts manufactured by the method of plastic deformation, including wheel treads, axles, all-rolled wheels, rolled wheel centers, etc. In these details discontinuities are predominantly planar in nature, but voluminous discontinuities are also encountered - non-deformable nonmetallic inclusions, therefore the developed method can be applied to such objects of rolling stock railways.
Impact on the track from EMU commuter train
Authors: Brzhezovskiy A. M.
Published: October 2018

The largest part of operating fleet of EMU trains, operated on the railways of the JSC “Russian Railways”, belongs to the category “ЭП” - electric commuter trains for transporting passengers in suburban areas with a length of the turnover section not exceeding 200 km with a speed of up to 120 km/h. The category of “ЭП” electric trains is fully formed by the domestic rolling stock produced since 1993. After putting Safety Norms NB ZhT 03-98 into force in 1998 and subsequently entering Technical Regulations of the Customs Union - TR TS 001/2011 virtually all new or upgraded series of EMU trains of the category «ЭП» within the acceptance and certification tests were experimentally investigated by the Test Loop of the JSC “VNIIZhT” (ITs ZhT) for compliance with safety requirements from the conditions for ensuring normative level of indicators of interaction between rolling stock and the track. Main technical parameters were shown as well as design features of carriage part of EMU trains of the category “ЭП”. The following features were considered: comparative quantitative values and dependencies on the travel speed and the level of unbalanced accelerations of the experimental indicators of influence on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП”, determined from the results of statistical processing of realizations of dynamic stresses in the throttle of rail sole and lateral forces; vertical and lateral (horizontal) forces transmitted from the wheels to the rail head; stability coefficients of assembled rails and sleepers from the transverse shift along the ballast, as well as the coefficients f of the transition from the axial stresses in the base of the rail to the stresses in the outer edge of the rail sole. The quantitative values of the impact indicators on the track of EMU train cars of the category “ЭП” with a design speed of 120 km/h, obtained from the results of complex certification and acceptance tests, are in the range of values regulated by the current regulatory documents. It is recommended to use the values of the impact indicators on the track to evaluate the design of the carriage part of EMU train cars at the design stage.
LA CADENA GLOBAL DE VALOR EN LA INDUSTRIA ELECTRÓNICA
Authors: Lladós Masllorens Josep , Meseguer Artola Antoni , Vilaseca Requena Jordi
Published: October 2018

RESUMEN

Las cadenas globales de valor son uno de los elementos más paradigmáticos de la transformación del comercio y la inversión internacional. La industria electrónica es un caso representativo de una actividad integrada globalmente que ha configurado un ecosistema de complejidad creciente. Utilizando una aproximación basada en el uso de las tablas input-output se infiere la naturaleza de los cambios experimentados en la organización internacional de la producción, atendiendo a la distribución geográfica y factorial del valor generado en cada una de las fases productivas por cada uno de los países participantes en la cadena de producción. Por un lado, se confirma que el grado de fragmentación productiva ha aumentado crecientemente, al tiempo que el nodo de Asia oriental se reestructura alrededor de China y se configura como el principal generador de valor en el sector, con una interacción creciente a escala global. Finalmente, se pone de manifiesto un proceso de intensa sustitución factorial en favor del capital y el trabajo más cualificado.

THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN IN THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT

Global value chains are one of the most paradigmatic elements of the transformation of international trade and investment. The electronics industry is a characteristic example of a globally integrated activity that has shaped an ecosystem of increasing complexity. Using a methodology based on input-output tables, we infer the essence of the changes experienced in the international organization of production, taking into account the geographical and factorial distribution of the value generated by each member in every stage of the production and distribution processes. On the one hand, it is confirmed that the degree of outsourcing has increased. On the other, that the East Asian pole organized around China has become the main source of value for the industry, with an increasing interaction on a global scale. Finally, it reveals a process of intense factorial substitution in favour of capital and high-skilled labour.
Coffee Agro forestry Performance in Pulau Panggung Sub-district, Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Arifin Bustanul , Zakaria Wan Abbas , Ismono Hanung , Hilmanto Rudi
Published: October 2018

Coffee production system in Tanggamus was mostly cultivated around forest and Sekampung watersheds.  Upstream Sekampung watersheds had been threatened by land degradation and deforestation.  Trade-off have revealed between coffee production and ecological services in water catchment area.  Enhancing the coffee productivity must be concern with environment conditions.  Coffee agro forestry is well known as a great solution to improve the land productivity.   Environment services form natural resources will be assertion and sustainable. This study is concern to explore how the coffee agro forestry in land ownership performs.  Study taken place in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus.  Respondents choose randomly amount 408 coffee farmers.  Statistic descriptive used to tabulate and compile the coffee agro forestry perform criteria.  Then the relationship between land ownership and coffee agro forestry criteria related with farmer incomes, labor availability, level of education, and experiences in coffee production were analyzed by multiple regression.  Based on the analysis was revealed that coffee plant density amount 1.774 coffee trees.ha-1 while growth with shade trees (MPTS) attain to 187 trees.ha-1. MPTS based on wood represented by 8 kind of tress, while MPTS based on non-wood trees 5 type of trees.  Multi cropping plants also appear such as pepper, cocoa, banana, and rubber.  Adoption of Coffee agro forestry in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus was well performed. Farmer income was noted amount IDR 14.449.854,-.year-1 or IDR 1.204.155,-.month-1.  The coffee farmer income was significantly influenced by shade trees (MPTS), land ownership, and land area.
Identification of Molecular Marker Based on MYB Transcription Factor for the Selection of Indonesian Fine Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Devy Lukita , Anita-Sari Indah , Imam Saputra Tengku , Wahyu Susilo Agung , Wachjar Ade , Sobir .
Published: October 2018

Indonesia is the third largest cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) producer in the world and also well-known for its fine cacao varieties (Java fine-flavor cacao). Indonesian fine cacao breeding program will be accelerated by early detection of its specific trait through the use of molecular marker. One of the traits thatcould differentiate fine and bulk cacao, in this case Criollo and Forastero, respectively, is the pod color. Previous research reported that MYB transcription factor gene regulated cacao pod color and was able to differentiate Criollo from Forastero. The gene involved in the control of plant-specific processes including primary and secondary metabolism, cell fate and identity, developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This research aimed to identify the diversity of Indonesian fine and bulk cacao based on MYB nucleotide sequence fragments. Identification of the MYB nucleotide sequence was conducted by DNA isolation from cacao leaves and specific primer design based on two cacao MYB transcription factor ene accessions. These primers were used to evaluate the diversity of three Indonesian fine cacao (DRC 16, PNT 16, and ICCRI 01) and two bulk cacao (PA 191 and ICCRI 03) clones. The cluster analysis showed that this specific primer is similar to other MYB gene accessions in Malvaceae family (Theobroma, Herrania, Gossypium). It is also able to differentiate bulk and fine cacao in accordance to their pedigree. The primer developed in this study could be used for further analysis of Indonesian fine cacao molecular marker.
Iron deficiency anemia in adolescent pregnancy: investigation of its effects and the related factors
Authors: BASBUG Alper , SONMEZ Cemil İsik
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Adolescent
pregnancies and their maternal and fetal complications are a global health
burden. Iron deficiency anemia is among the factors, which might contribute to
these negative consequences. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency
of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant adolescents followed at the Düzce
University Medical Faculty Hospital and to investigate its maternal and fetal
effects. Methods: A total
of 122 pregnant women under 19 years of age were included in this case-control
study. The socio-economic characteristics, hematological status, and adverse
maternal and perinatal outcomes possibly related to iron deficiency anemia were
evaluated.Results: The incidence of anemia among the studied women was 29.5%, and 56.5%
were receiving iron supplementation. Oral iron supplementation rate was 33.3%
in the anemic group and 66.2% in the non-anemic group (p = 0.01). While the
serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels were lower in the anemic group, iron
binding capacity was lower in the non-anemic group, and the difference between
the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02;
respectively). Concerning adverse perinatal outcomes, preeclampsia was seen in
11.4% of the anemic group and 4.6% in the non-anemic group; the difference was
statistically significant (p = 0.01).

Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia is a common problem in adolescent pregnancy.
However, many anemic pregnant adolescents do not receive iron treatment.
Positive effects on some maternal and perinatal outcomes can be achieved by
administering iron supplementation to these women. Iron use should be increased
to combat iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
Анализ уравнений теории пластичности порошковых металлических систем
Authors: Макаров Э. С. , Гвоздев А. Е. , Журавлев Г. М. , Сапожников С. В. , Сергеев А. Н. , Колмаков А. Г. , Бреки А. Д. , Малий Д. В. , Добровольский Н. Н.
Published: October 2018

В работе дан обзор методов расчета, основных параметров процессов пластического деформирования дилатирующих материалов, типичными представителями которых являются порошковые металлические системы различных химических составов. В их основу положены математические модели, использующие не только качественное объяснение, но и количественное описание эффекта дилатансии. Приведена полная система основных уравнений теории пластичности жесткопластических изотропных дилатирующих сред. Рассмотрен пример расчета установившегося пластического течения в условиях осесимметричной деформации. Показано, что для осесимметричной деформации уравнения относительно проекций вектора скорости на характеристические направления, аналогичны уравнениям для плоской деформации. Установлено, что используемые в настоящее время условия текучести с различной степенью точности описывают виды дилатансии (разрыхление и уплотнение). Поэтому, для более точного решение некоторых задач необходимо уточнение математических моделей условия текучести. Для некоторых процессов, пластического формоизменения при решении системы уравнений дилатирующих сред целесообразно условия текучести представлять в виде отдельных областей: гиперболичной, параболичной и эллиптичной.
Nanocrystalline composites in TiO2 and SnO2 system for ammonia resistance sensors
Authors: Szczygielska Anna , Pędzich Zbigniew , Maziarz Wojciech
Published: October 2018

This work describes the production of nanocrystalline TiO2 and SnO2 oxides,
as well as their nanocomposites (containing 26.9, 58.7 and 79.0wt.% of SnO2)
with two-stage sol-gel method combined with high temperature treatment. The
phase composition and medium size crystallites were determined using X-ray
diffraction analysis (XRD) and revealed that the nanocomposites crystallize
in tetragonal structures of TiO2 - anatase and SnO2 - cassiterite. Specific
surface area of the nanopowders, measured using sorption method (BET),
changed from 42.1 to 160.8m2/g. The morphology of the nanopowders was
observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). As indicated by TEM
images, the manufactured nanopowders were well crystallized and consisted of
small, spherical grains. The obtained nanopowders were also tested for NH3
gas detection application. The presented method of nanopowders synthesis
enables to obtain nanocrystalline TiO2 and SnO2 oxides, as well as
composites from TiO2-SnO2 of known and controlled chemical and phase
composition. It also enables to obtain composites used for gas sensors. The
sensor made of composite containing 58.7wt.% of SnO2 exhibited the best NH3
sensing features.
Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ doped hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate bioceramics: Influence of doping and sintering technique on mechanical properties
Authors: Radovanovic Zeljko , Veljovic Ðordje , Radovanovic Lidija , Zalite Ilmars , Palcevskis Eriks , Petrovic Rada , Janackovic Ðordje
Published: October 2018

Green hydroxyapatite ceramics were obtained by cold uniaxial and isostatic
pressing of hydrothermally synthesized powders, pure hydroxyapatite and
hydroxyapatite doped with Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions. The ceramics were
conventionally and microwave sintered and analyzed by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray
diffraction analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of
doping on the mechanical properties of the obtained hydroxyapatite/tricalcium
phosphate ceramics was examined by comparing their average grain size,
porosity and values of the hardness and fracture toughness. The results
showed that doping with Cu2+ ions caused the lowest porosity of the ceramics
and the highest values of hardness and fracture toughness. The ceramics
obtained from hydroxyapatite doped with Ag+ and Zn2+ ions exhibited worse
mechanical properties due to the higher porosity even in the case of
microwave sintering, which provide denser ceramics than conventional
sintering.
DIVERSIDADE E IN/EXCLUSÃO: VOZES E SILÊNCIOS NA FORMAÇÃO DO/A PEDAGOGO/A
Authors: Marques da Costa Joacir , Gabriel Dalla Corte Marilene , Guilhermano da Silva Luciana
Published: October 2018

Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como temática central a diversidade nos processos formativos no curso de Pedagogia, pois tanto escola como universidade são produzidas/produtoras de um contexto plural, multicultural e de múltiplas identidades. Nesse sentido, problematiza-se “como é produzido o discurso de diversidade, considerando o processo de formação do/a pedagogo/a na dimensão de educação para todos/as? ”. Logo, como objetivo geral optou-se por compreender a produção discursiva acerca da diversidade, considerando os processos formativos do/a pedagogo/a na dimensão de educação para todos/as. Os aportes teórico-metodológicos desenharam-se mediante uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, utilizando-se, para a produção de dados, da análise documental do projeto pedagógico de um curso de pedagogia (noturno) de uma Universidade pública do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera-se que dialogar e problematizar sobre diversidade é um processo formativo, o qual transcende a formação formal em um curso de licenciatura; como participantes dos diversos processos educativos, é necessário estabelecer relações reflexivas entre os saberes disciplinares e os saberes da prática educativa, (des)construindo conceitos, ao olhar o interior de nossas ações, as quais resultam em mudanças nas práticas pedagógicas essenciais para a reflexão da diversidade cultural e dos mecanismos de in/exclusão presentes na sociedade contemporânea.