bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototype of Rainfall Intensity Measurement Using CCD TSL1401CL Linear Sensor Array
Authors: Deswilan Sixtinah , Costrada Aldo Novaznursyah , Harmadi Harmadi
Published: March 2021

A prototype measurement of rainfall intensity was developed using a CCD TSL1401CL linear sensor array. The prototype consists of a He-Ne laser that functions as a light source, which later is focused by the beam expander and conditioned by a convex lens. Each pixel will receive the same voltage depending on the light intensity so that it produces a decimal value of ADC. This ADC decimal value determines rainfall intensity based on the diameter and velocity of the raindrops. The diameter variations used ranges from 1 mm to 10 mm, while for variations in the height of rainfall are 50 cm, 100 cm, and 150 cm. The test results proved that the greater the decimal value of the ADC is, the smaller the diameter of the raindrops detected will be, and vice versa. The values of the diameter and velocity of were used to obtain the value of rainfall intensity. The percentage value of error measuring rainfall intensity is 3.11% when compared to the rain gauge module is still considered rather accurate. However, direct testing is still needed when rain falls with various types and intensities. Â
A new species of soft-winged flower beetle of the genus Kuatunia Evers, 1949 (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Malachiidae) from Nepal
Authors:   Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia, Tshernyshev S.E. ,   Tomsk State University, Lenina prospekt 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia, Shcherbakov M.V. ,   Tomsk State University, Lenina prospekt 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
Published: March 2021

A new malachiid beetle species Kuatunia andreasi Tshernyshev, sp. n. is described from Nepal (Karnali Province). Figures of the external appearance, elytral apices, and genitalia of the male are provided for the new species. A key to all species of the genus Kuatunia Evers, 1949 is given.
Yearly and seasonal changes in species composition of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) caught with bait traps on the Sea of Japan coast
Authors:   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950- 2181, Japan, Kudô K. , Oyaizu W. ,   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950- 2181, Japan, Kusama R. ,   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950- 2181, Japan, Yamagishi K. ,   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950- 2181, Japan, Yamaguchi Y. ,   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata 950- 2181, Japan, Koji S. ,   Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
Published: March 2021

Hornets belong to the genus of Vespa, and are potentially effective predators of insect pests in forests and other environments. To assess the potential impact of prey foraging by the Vespa species, studies have attempted to understand species composition of hornets caught with bait traps in several regions in Japan. These studies showed that the species composition of hornets was different among the different regions in Japan, possibly due to the differences in the geographical distribution and climates. Additionally, the species composition of hornets has only been examined in the inland regions of Japan. In this study, we studied species composition of hornets caught with bait traps in Niigata city on the coast of the Sea of Japan, for a period of four years. The species composition observed in Niigata city was very similar to the composition seen in other temperate, warmer regions, but diffe¬rent from that in subarctic and heavy snowfall regions. There was a single peak in the trap catch due to seasonal changes in the two major species, V. analis and V. ducalis. There were also yearly changes in the species composition of hornets in Niigata city. The possible causes of the differences among the hornet populations in the seasons and years are discussed in this study.
First record of the hawk moths genus Psilogramma Rothschild et Jordan, 1903 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) for the fauna of Russia
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia, Spitsyn V.M. , Spitsyna E.A. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163000, Arkhangelsk, Russia
Published: March 2021

The widely distributed hawk moth Psilogramma increta (Walker, 1865) is found in the south part of Primorskii krai in 2020. The genus Psilogramma Rothschild et Jordan, 1903 is recorded from Russia for the first time.
New data on digger wasps of the family Crabronidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from Omsk Province, Russia
Authors:   Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia, Danilov Yu.N. , Odintseva A.A. ,   Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia, Odintsev O.A. ,   Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk, 644099, Russia
Published: March 2021

A new data on 16 species of the digger wasps family Crabronidae from Omsk Province of Russia are presented. Dryudella picticornis (Gussakovskij, 1927) is newly recorded from the Asian part of Russia. The tabular checklist of the 27 species of Crabronidae from Omsk Province is provided
Avaliação do conhecimento dos profissionais e estudantes de saúde sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos
Authors: Bucci Fabiano Rodrigues , De Santana Tuanny Caroline Pereira , De Figueira Manoela Almeida Santos , Da Nóbrega Ítala Morgânia Farias , De Medeiros Flávia Patrícia Morais
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais e estudantes de saúde sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de validação, descritivo, desenvolvido em quatro etapas. A primeira etapa foi a validação de conteúdo; a segunda, foi a validação semântica; a terceira, foi a validação consensual final e a quarta etapa foi a aplicação dos questionários validados. O estudo foi realizado entre abril de 2018 a dezembro de 2019, aprovado com nº de parecer 3.231.070, conforme Resolução 510/2016. Responderam os questionários 53,65% dos profissionais e 10% dos estudantes de saúde. Resultados: Destes participantes, 53,64% dos profissionais e 62,86% dos estudantes descartam medicamentos de forma inapropriada no lixo comum; 87,27% dos profissionais e 87,43% dos estudantes afirmam não conhecer as legislações sanitárias e ambientais vigentes sobre descarte de medicamentos, e somente, 7,27% entre os profissionais e 4,57% entre os estudantes dizem possuir conhecimento para orientar as pessoas como descartar medicamentos de forma adequada. Conclusão: O estudo aponta que a maioria dos profissionais e estudantes de saúde participantes ainda não possuem conhecimento sobre descarte adequado de medicamentos.
A 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for factoring in polylogarithmic depth
Authors: Pham Paul , Svore Krysta M.
Published: March 2021

We present a 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for Shor's algorithm to factor an $n$-bit number in $O(\log^3n)$ depth. Our implementation uses parallel phase estimation, constant-depth fanout and teleportation, and constant-depth carry-save modular addition. We derive upper bounds on the circuit resources of our architecture under a new 2D model which allows a classical controller and parallel, communicating modules. We provide a comparison to all previous nearest-neighbor factoring implementations. Our circuit results in an exponential improvement in nearest-neighbor circuit depth at the cost of a polynomial increase in circuit size and width.
Neuroprotective effect of morin against unpredictable chronic mild stress induced oxidative stress and behavioural deficits in Wistar rats
Authors: Kiruthika R  , Hema T  , Justin Thenmozhi A  , Manivasagam T
Published: March 2021

Morin is a bioflavonoid widely found in fruits and vegetables, which possesses the protective activity to various neurological diseases. An earlier report showed that the administration of morin had antidepressant-like effect against acute stress conditions. Acute stress induces only transient changes in the brain while the prolonged stress increases vulnerability to mental disorders. To better understand its anti depressive activity, we explored the neuroprotective role of morin against unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) induced rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized and grouped into control, UCMS exposed (different stressors) UCMS and morin (30 & 60 mg/kg) co-treated and morin alone treated (60 mg/kg). Morris water maze test (MWMT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were employed to study the effect of morin on learning, memory and anhedonia of rats. In addition, the levels of thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated. Behavior studies indicated that morin treatment significantly increased the memory and sucrose intake as shown by MWMT and SPT respectively. Moreover, it exhibited the antioxidant activity by reducing the amount of lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) and GSH and activities of enzymatic antioxidants in UCMS rats. Our experiment suggested that the antidepressant-like actions of morin could be due to its potent antioxidant property.
Student perceptions of plagiarism: A study of Vietnam- and New Zealand-educated postgraduate students
Authors:   , Tran Minh
Published: March 2021

This study investigated perceptions of plagiarism among Vietnam- and New Zealand-educated postgraduate students in a New Zealand university. Informed by Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory, Bandura’s social cognitive theory of moral thought and action, and Marginson’s theory of student self-formation, various aspects of student backgrounds were explored and analysed to identify and explain factors influencing their perceptions.

An explanatory sequential mixed methods research design, qualitative dominant, was employed. The quantitative phase consisted of an online survey with 207 Vietnam- and New Zealand-educated postgraduate students at Victoria University of Wellington. Survey results informed the instrument development and purposeful sampling for the qualitative phase. 12 survey respondents with divergent understandings of plagiarism were selected for participation in a longitudinal series of interviews to seek in-depth information about their understanding and attitudes towards plagiarism, and how their perceptions of plagiarism had developed.

The findings revealed that postgraduate students held a range of different views regarding plagiarism at university. Some of them thought students were responsible for their plagiarism, viewing intentional plagiarism as a moral issue, and unintentional plagiarism as part of the learning process. The others were concerned about university’s responsibilities in terms of plagiarism education and management, considering plagiarism as a form of academic cheating, and a scholarly offence. The study found multiple influences on students’ perspectives, habits, and expectations regarding plagiarism, affirming the relevance of the underpinning theories. Students from diverse backgrounds possessed distinct sources of embodied cultural capital, including understanding of plagiarism. They developed moral standards through various environments that they interacted within. As they progressed through their doctoral studies, most students showed deepening understanding of plagiarism and the importance of correct practices. They actively developed their own voice in writing and strived to write with integrity.

The research advances knowledge about Vietnam- and New Zealand-educated postgraduate students’ perceptions of plagiarism, populations that have not been previously studied. It offers an alternative perspective to deficit models regarding plagiarism by international students by contributing rich qualitative evidence showing multiple influences on student perceptions. Findings point to practical implications to help university faculty engage with students’ needs and expectations in ways that respect their diverse social and educational backgrounds and generate meaningful and productive outcomes across student groups, thus enhancing equity.
Discussion on the Effectiveness of Educational Reward
Authors: Xu Sanzhen
Published: March 2021

The psychological mechanism of reward is to form operational conditioned reflex through positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. The positive effect of reward is to strengthen external learning motivation, and reward can sometimes improve creativity. The negative effects are: weakening students' creativity, weakening the internal motivation of learning and hindering the development of autonomy. Teachers should apply educational rewards scientifically, take care of their age, consider the difficulty of tasks, pay attention to stimulating students' internal motivation, and give priority to spiritual rewards, supplemented by material rewards.
Two Stay Two Stray Cooperative Learning on Student Learning Outcomes on Materials of Geometry Surface Area
Authors: Elisabet Desilia , Hartoyo Agung , Jamiah Yulis
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of Two Stay Two Stray cooperative learning on student learning outcomes on the surface area material. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental form and the research design is Posttest-Only Control Design. The population of this study were all class IX students of SMP Negeri 18 Pontianak for the 2018/2019 academic year which were spread into five classes. The samples of this research were students of class IX D and IX E who were taken by using a simple random sampling technique (simple random sampling). Data collection techniques using measurement techniques and data collection tools with test descriptions used to determine student learning outcomes. After the data was tested in the two samples, the data analysis was then carried out to test the hypothesis. Before the Hypothesis test was carried out, the prerequisite was first tested, namely the Normality Test, because the abnormal normality test, the hypothesis test used the Mann Whitney U-Test. From the results of data analysis, the zcount value was obtained equal to 1.87 while the value of ztable of 1.64 for𝛼 = 0.05. Because of the value of zcount > ztable, it is concluded that there is an effect of cooperative learning Two Stay Two Stray on student learning outcomes.
The Implementation of Video Blog (Vlog) as a Teaching Media in Speaking Skill
Authors: Brilianti Dani Fitria , Fithriyani Hana Yulinda
Published: March 2021

The use of appropriate media in the learning and teaching process especially in teaching speaking is quite important for the lecturers to have students' the best result. The video blog (Vlog) is one of the media that commonly used by lecturers in teaching speaking English to gain students' motivation in speaking. The main aim of this study is to investigate the lecturer's strategy in implementing video blog as a media in teaching speaking. Besides, it is also to identify the difficulties of vlog implementation in teaching speaking. To achieve the objectives, the descriptive qualitative approach in the form of a case study was chosen as the method of the research. Observation and interview were collected as the data to the class 2A, a second-semester student of Computer Engineering Students of Politeknik Harapan Bersama, Tegal, Indonesia. The data from classroom observation were obtained from activity portrait, video recording, students and lecturers' notes, and interview during observation. The data analysis presented by using descriptive explanation, and the data result from lecturers' interview were summarized by using the table and described based on the phenomenon that found during the observation. The finding of data showed that the lecturer applied task-based learning to implement vlog in speaking skill. The lecturers did not only show the vlog to the students in teaching speaking as the media but also asked them to make it by their selves and uploaded it to the YouTube Channel as the new references of English vlog. Lecturers began the learning and teaching process with pre tasks: introduction, review to the previous material; then continued to the main tasks: showing the model/media, giving task, and discussion; and closed by the post-task: evaluation and feedback. Moreover, the difficulties faced by the lecturers in implementing vlog in teaching speaking were a distinct range of students' English scores especially in speaking, the improper gadget that owns by the students’ to make the video blog, and lack of students’ creativity in building the video blog content to make it interesting to be watched. In line with the previous studies, which stated that video blog is interesting and it can improve students' speaking skill effectively.
Analysis of the Influence of TNCs on the Economy of Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition
Authors: Jorubova F.
Published: March 2021

Formation and expansion of TNCs, particularly in developing countries and countries with economies in transition, is primarily due to a complex network of international production and localisation activities on promising markets at the expense of foreign direct investments (Fdi). These processes every year is increasingly becoming one of the key components of the global economy. Tasks of this paper are to describe the nature and content of the concept of “transnational corporation”, to identify critical factors and characteristics of the modern transnational business in developing countries, countries with economies in transition, and to consider the place and role of TNCs in developing countries and countries with economies in transition.
The EU ETS and Aviation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the EU Emission Trading System in Reducing Emissions from Air Travel
Authors: Heiaas A. M.
Published: March 2021

Over the past 30 years, the aviation industry has seen record-breaking growth whilst enjoying exemptions from most taxes and VAT charges. Currently, the aviation sector is considered one of the fastest-growing greenhouse gas emissions sources. Attempting to reduce these emissions in a cost-effective manner, the EU decided in 2012 to include all flights entering and leaving the EU in their Emission Trading System (EU ETS). It was quickly changed to only include travel within the EU. Nevertheless, as the largest cap-and-trade system in the world, the purpose of the EU ETS is to control the growth of emissions by issuing pollution permit rights. The idea is that by setting an emission ceiling and allowing trade between sectors, emission abatement will happen where it is cheapest and easiest to do. This paper explores whether the EU ETS succeeded in reducing the aviation sector emissions over the period 2012–2018 by employing a General Synthetic Control model to estimate a counterfactual scenario. When using jet fuel consumption as a proxy for emissions, the results indicate that on average the EU ETS led to a 10 per cent increase in jet fuel consumption relative to a scenario where it was not implemented. However, the paper fails to conclude a causal relationship between EU ETS and jet fuel consumption due to drawbacks with the data. Nevertheless, it provides a starting point for future ex-post research concerned with aviation and carbon pricing in the European market.
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on the Critical Thinking Skill of the Students
Authors: Vegas Susana Osiana , Djukri Djukri
Published: March 2021

This research aimed to determine the effect of the problem based learning model on critical thinking skills in excretory system subject. The research was quasi experimental research by using pretest postest control group design. The population of this research was all students of SMA Negeri 1 Prambanan. The research sample of this research used two classes, class XII MIPA 4 with 27 students as the control class and class XII MIPA 3 with 31 students as the experimental class implementing problem based learning. Data were collected by using a test instrument in the form of multiple choice questions. The data obtained were analyzed using the Independent sample T-test. The calculation results showed a significant value of 0,000 < 0,05, thus, it can be concluded that there was a difference in the critical thinking skills between the control and experimental class.
Research on Friction between Grade Flat Approach Slab and Sliding Material in Jointless Bridges
Authors: Tang Yufeng , Briseghella Bruno , Xue Junqing , Zhang Peiquan , Huang Fuyun , Chen Baochun
Published: March 2021

The application of jointless bridges has been increasing year by year, because it could reduce the life‐cycle cost and improve the riding comfort. The approach slab in jointless bridges does not only have the function of road transition which is the same as the approach slab in bridges with expansion joints, but also transfer and absorb the deformation produced by the thermal expansion and contraction of the girder. The Grade Flat Approach Slab (GFAS) horizontally placed on the subgrade is one of the most common types of the approach slab in jointless bridges. The material placed between GFAS and subgrade should be able to properly slide to reduce the stress in GFAS. The friction coefficient between GFAS and sliding material is an important parameter affecting the mechanical behavior of GFAS in jointless bridges. In this paper, the tests of GFAS with different sliding materials subjected to horizontal displacement were conducted to obtain the corresponding friction coefficients (from 0.34 to 0.68). The mathematical model of bilinear spring could be adapted to simulate the friction function between GFAS and different sliding materials. One Deck‐Extension Bridge (DEB) that is one type of jointless bridges was chosen as a case study. The finite element model was implemented by using Midas‐Civil software. The influence of GFAS with different sliding materials on the mechanical properties of DEB under temperature variation was investigated. It can be concluded that the influence of the friction coefficient between GFAS and sliding material on the bending moment of DEB should be taken into account.
Seismic Resilience of Deteriorating RC Bridges and Road Networks under Climate Change
Authors: Capacci Luca , Biondini Fabio
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the life-cycle seismic resilience of aging road networks with reinforced concrete (RC) bridges under the effects of climate change. The physical damage suffered by the exposed bridges is related to traffic limitations implemented over the network. A probabilistic framework is proposed to aggregate the time-variant seismic capacity assessment of RC structures exposed to chloride-induced corrosion with the traffic response of the transportation network. The life-cycle seismic resilience of a simple road network is evaluated based on the restoration of the network functionality guaranteed by the post-event recovery of the damaged bridge. The results highlight the detrimental effects of the progressive increase in the deterioration rate induced by climate change, impairing the seismic capacity of single bridges and, in turn, the seismic resilience of the overall transportation system.
Optimizing Skyscrapers' Spatial Integrated DSF-MTMD System Under Wind Loads
Authors: Lavan Oren , Anaby Liran
Published: March 2021

From a structural engineering point of view, wind effects pose one of the major challenges to tall buildings. From a performance/architectural point of view, climatologic aspects pose a major challenge. Remedies for each challenge separately have been proposed. One of the remedies for wind effects is the Tunes-Mass-Damper (TMD) or multiple TMD's. To mitigate climatological issues, the Double-Skin-Façade (DSF) has been developed. Recently it has been suggested to take advantage of the space between the two skins of the DSF system to allocate TMD's.

In this work, another step is taken towards a single remedy for both challenges. A modified version of the TMD-DSF system proposed by Moon (2016) is presented. That is, parts of the mass of the DSF envelope itself are used as part of a multiple TMD (MTMD) system. This is obtained by connecting these parts to the building using springs and dampers while allowing the DSF to move parallel to the floor edges. Furthermore, the DSF-MTMD system is optimized using a formal optimization approach. The optimization indicates which parts of the envelope should be connected to the building rigidly and which should be used as TMD's. Furthermore, the properties of the springs and the dampers are determined by minimizing the cost associated with transforming the DSF system to a DSF-MTMD system and limiting wind responses to desired values.
Axial Behavior of Corroded H-Piles
Authors: Ramadan Amro , ElGawady Mohamed
Published: March 2021

H-steel piles are commonly used in river-crossing bridges in the United States. Many of these piles suffered from different degrees of corrosion due to repeated cycles of wetting and drying. Corrosion of H-steel piles affects the buckling behavior of piles which affect the axial load carrying capacity of these piles leading to a significant effect on the whole performance of a bridge. This paper presents the findings of an experimental study that was conducted to evaluate the axial behavior of four full-scale H-piles including a reference pile and three corroded piles with different degrees of simulated corrosion. The results indicate that the reduction of the section change the modes of failure from global to local buckling according to the percentage and place of the corrosion. A non-linear finite element model has been validated with the experimental results. Different design approaches were also used to determine the axial capacity of the corroded piles.
Recent Developments on Seismic Resistant Technologies for Accelerated Bridge Construction
Authors: Mashal Mustafa , Palermo Alessando
Published: March 2021

The paper provides an overview of the technologies and connections proposed and tested for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) in seismic regions from New Zealand and the United States in the last seven years. These solutions can be divided in terms of emulative and non‐emulative cast‐in‐place connections. Emulative cast‐in‐place connections aim to achieve a similar seismic performance to that of conventional cast‐in‐place construction during an earthquake. A variety of emulative connections have been tested in New Zealand and in the United States, with some being implemented in actual bridges. These connections include grouted ducts, member socket, pocket, splice‐sleeve, and other connections. Similarly, various non‐emulative connection were tested using large‐scale specimens. These include dissipative controlled rocking, hybrid sliding‐rocking, shape‐memory alloys, and pre‐tensioned rocking. From these, only the dissipative controlled rocking and shape‐memory alloys, have been recently implemented in construction of actual bridges in seismic regions in New Zealand and in the United States, respectively. The paper discusses the aspects associated with emulative and non‐emulative connections.
Analytical Study on Bearing Capacity as a Structural System of Corroded Steel Bridge
Authors: Arimura Kentaro , Yamaguchi Takashi , Funayama Kohei , Hirosawa Naoto
Published: March 2021

Deterioration of the road bridge built in the high growth period has become a big problem in Japan. Half of the reasons for rebuilding steel bridges are due to corrosion and many studies have been conducted on the load carrying capacity of girders with corrosion damage. On the other hand, the bridge is composed of multiple members such as main girder, lateral bracing and sway bracing. These members do not behave independently but behave as a structural system and have high redundancy. Many previous studies have focused on the load carrying capacity of corroded members independently and few studies focused on the evaluation of the system behavior and load carrying capacity of the bridge structures. It is required to clarify the structural system behavior of the bridge for more rational bridge design and repair reinforcement. In this study, full‐scale FE analysis for most standard steel I‐girder bridge considering corrosion damage was performed, and redundancy of the bridge structural system was examined varying corrosion position, corrosion degree, and number of main girder. According to the analysis results, a healthy girder resists the external load even after a girder with corrosion reaches the maximum load capacity and was confirmed that the maximum load capacity of the bridge system is much higher than that of the corroded girder end and has high redundancy. Furthermore, the difference on load‐bearing capacity when the number of main girders is changed are clarified focusing on l collapse process.
Models as design tools – physical models and their epistemic value
Authors: Ruge Johanna , Bögle Annette
Published: March 2021

In the twentieth century, efficient and elegant structures were designed by engineers like Heinz Hossdorf. At that time, these structures could not be analytically calculated or evaluated. Instead, physical models were built to verify the engineer’s intuition, gain experience and allow further development of designs.

Nowadays, engineers use digital models that allow the calculation of nearly any conceivable structure. This results in two phenomena: First, when every shape is feasible and most materials are at disposal, there is a high risk of arbitrary design. Additionally, engineers spend most of their time on calculations – yet our society needs engineers that design rather than compute.

In this paper, it is suggested that the models used by engineers have a great influence on the structural designs they develop. To better understand models as tools for design engineers, a theory of model-use in structural design is needed. This paper contributes to this task by addressing the influence of materiality of models on their epistemic value. For this purpose, it analyses the physical models of Hossdorf. Lacking theories in the field of structural design on model-use, Hossdorf’s models are analyzed using theories from the field of philosophy of science and technology. Important properties of physical models are traced and it is discussed, whether these properties can be found in today’s digital models. Three qualitative properties for ideal models are suggested, and further research on model-use is motivated.
Strengthening Paudèze bridges decks using UHPFRC struts
Authors: Menétrey Philippe , Moreillon Lionel , Bastien-Masse Maléna
Published: March 2021

Paudèze bridges are two 400‐m long parallel highway bridges located in Switzerland and opened to traffic in 1974. After over 40 years of service life, both bridges must be completely rehabilitated and strengthened while constantly maintaining 2 traffic lanes in both directions.

The bridge deck slab was strengthened using UHPFRC (Ultra‐High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete) struts. These inclined struts connect the end of the deck slab cantilever and the box girder web, forming a Warren truss. They thus reduce the bending moments in the deck slab and the existing steel reinforcement could be kept.

The joint between the prefabricated UHPFRC struts and the existing concrete web is done through a cast in‐ place UHPFRC beam, without any mechanical connection. Forces go through the joint and into the web by a combination of friction and compression forces.

Various experimental tests and numerical simulations confirmed the feasibility of this solution. In particular, the UHPFRC‐concrete web connection, the UHPFRC‐UHPFRC connection and the global behavior of the strut were tested and modelled.

The strengthening of the bridges decks took place between 2017 and 2019. The developed solution, using UHPFRC struts, was shown to be very effective to strengthen the deck and creates a rhythm in the structure.
Assessment of knowledge and awareness about clinical trials of patients participating in cancer trials
Authors: Bartoszkiewicz Mikolaj
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Clinical research in the field of oncology is necessary to check the safety and effectiveness of potential treatment methods and translate innovative knowledge into measurable benefits for patients as well as to introduce innovative therapies for cancer treatment. In 2019, 18.1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to assess patients knowledge and awareness of the clinical trials they participate in, as well as the quality of treatment in the clinical trial compared to standard treatment.

Material and methods:
The authors anonymous questionnaire was used to assess the state of knowledge of patients. Seventy patients in clinical trials participated in the study, 87% of whom were women, and 13% were men. The patient’s knowledge was compared with the actual state of research in the chemotherapy department, and general questions about clinical trials were asked.

Results and discussion:
Most often, patients gained knowledge about clinical trials from the attending physician (37%). As many as 79% of study participants were satisfied with the informed consent procedure. The factor that most determined the participation in the clinical trial (36%) was access to innovative therapy not available in the national healthcare system. Every fourth participant in the study was unable to determine the phase of participation in clinical trials.

Conclusions:
Based on anonymous survey results, patients who participate in clinical trials know the clinical trials essential parts. The vast majority are satisfied with the informed consent process, the availability of innovative therapies, and a clinical trial phase.
EFFECT OF CLASS MANAGEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ CHARACTER IN SMK NEGERI 1 TORAJA UTARA
Authors: Sappetau Zetni Podang , Nadeak Bernadetha , Sinaga Dameria
Published: March 2021

This research aims to find out how the class management in SMKN1 Toraja Utara, how the implementation of character education in SMKN1 Toraja Utara, and to know how much impact the management of the class on character education in SMKN 1 Toraja Utara. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive methods describe the state of the data without compromising or adding data as is. The results showed a positive correlation between class management and character development is 0.328, categorized as being in a weak category. while the value of sig. (2-tailed) of 0.002 were less than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the relationship between class management variables and character development is significant. In contrast, the value of R Square or the coefficient of determination is 0.108. It means that the percentage of class management variable capability size explains the variation of character development variable in SMKN 1 Toraja Utara by 10.8% while the rest is determined by other variables/factors not included in this study.
Pengaruh Penerapan Bahan Ajar Model Inkuiri Terbimbing Terintegrasi Kearifan Lokal Berbasis Outcome Based Education (OBE) Melalui Penggunaan Media Online Terhadap Literasi Sains
Authors: Rohaili Juliani , Setiadi Dadi , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiri terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education (OBE) melalui penggunaan media online terhadap literasi sains peserta didik kelas X di SMAN 8 Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Experiment), dengan desain penelitian non-equivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian seluruh peserta didik kelas X MIA (164 orang). Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket validasi ahli, angket respon peserta didik, dan tes literasi sains. Hasil validasi kelayakan bahan ajar oleh ahli menunjukkan skor rata-rata 0,78 yang termasuk dalam kategori layak. Presentase respon peserta didik terhadap bahan ajar yaitu 55,93% yang tergolong sangat menarik. Data keterbacaan menggunakan flesh kinchaid grade level menyatakan naskah bahan ajar layak untuk kelas X dengan rentang usia pengguna 13-16 tahun dan rata-rata indeks keterbacaan sebesar 10,7. Hasil uji hipotesis MANOVA menunjukkan nilai signifikansi literasi sains peserta didik yaitu 0,000 (p < 0,05), sehingga penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiri terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education melalui penggunaan media online berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains peserta didik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan bahan ajar model inkuiriÃÂ  terbimbing terintegrasi kearifan lokal berbasis outcome based education melalui penggunaan media online berpengaruh terhadap literasi sains peserta didik.
Analisis Kemampuan Multi Representasi dan Kaitannya dengan Pemahaman Konsep Fisika
Authors: Kurniasari Laily Yosie , Wasis Wasis
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil kemampuan multirepresentasi siswa SMA pada materi gerak lurus yang diukur menggunakan instrumen berbasis multi representasi, dan mendeskripsikan hubungan antara kemampuan multi representasi dengan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi gerak lurus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas XI IPA sebanyak 22 siswa di SMA Negeri 1 Sambit pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu pengembangan instrumen tes berbentuk esai dan pengukuran kemampuan multi representasi dan pemahaman konsep siswa. Uji validitas dilakukan untuk menguji kelayakan instrumen dan uji korelasi digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kemampuan multi representasi dan pemahaman konsep siswa yang didasarkan pada data jumlah skor multi representasi dan pemahaman konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) instrumen yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dari aspek konten dan bahasa dengan indeks Aiken sebesar 0,76 dan berdasarkan aspek konstruk dinyatakan sangat valid dengan indeks Aiken mencapai 0,86; 2) Kemampuan multi representasi siswa pada representasi verbal sebesar 43%, representasi matematik-simbolik 32% dan 25% untuk representasi gambar-simbolik. Kemampuan representasi matematik-simbolik dan verbal dikategorikan dalam kategori kurang dan kemampuan representasi gambar-simbolik siswa dikategorikan sangat kurang; 3) Rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi gerak lurus sebesar 26%; 4)Berdasarkan uji korelasi diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,726 yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan multi representasi dengan pemahaman konsep memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dimana jika kemampuan multi representasi siswa tinggi makaÃÂ  pemahaman konsep siswa juga tinggi.
The Launch of the International Journal of Digital Health: Ensuring Digital Transformation in Healthcare Beyond Covid-19
Authors: Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern , Liu Jilan , Franchi Thomas , Agha Riaz Ahmed
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

In recent years, digital health technologies have been evolving rapidly and there has been much interest and excitement surrounding their use in healthcare. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about a significant jump in the adoption of digital health innovations worldwide, and healthcare providers are now experiencing a tremendous increase in the number of patients seen through telehealth. Further, many organizations are rethinking their strategies to find better ways to adapt and improve the health ecosystem. However, many challenges have surfaced during this pandemic through fragmented health systems and the lack of interoperability in many healthcare systems worldwide has led to an unprecedented strain on hospitals and an overwhelmed clinical workforce. To truly move this field forwards in the new normal, it requires novel and agile ways of working and collaboration, step-change improvements in digital transformation strategies, and better integration of data, technologies and processes, so that the digital health solutions that are designed and developed can address real-world problems. The primary goal of the International Journal of Digital Health is to serve as a cross-disciplinary, collaborative resource for all who are interested in this area, so that advancements in digital health can be expedited. We encourage all submissions in this area so that a robust evidence base can be built in digital health.
Meta-analyses of the effect of flossing on ankle range of motion and power jump performance
Authors: PISZ ANNA , KRALOVA KATARINA , BLAZEK DUSAN , GOLAS ARTUR , STASTNY PETR
Published: March 2021

Decreased ankle range of motion (ROM) leads to many disorders, ranging in severity from gait abnormalities to knee and pelvis injuries. Therefore, maintaining full ankle ROM is very important, especially for athletes, for whom ankle ROM may affect their results during competitions. Medical flossing is a technique used by physiotherapists to improve ROM. The aim of this review was to investigate the effect of medical flossing on ankle ROM according to the results in previous studies. ‪The search was conducted with the following key words individually and/or in combinations: range of motion, flossband, mobility bands, vascular occlusion, flossing bands, compression, voodoo floss, and tack floss. F‪rom the identified 5600 articles, only 4 studies were included in this systematic review. The results showed that the mean difference in ROM after treatment was 1.20 cm (Hedge’s g = 0.31, p < 0.01, I2= 89%). ‪There is evidence showing that the application of flossing can be beneficial to increase the ROM. Moreover, some of the studies confirmed a positive impact of flossing on jump performance; nonetheless, data to confirm this effect in this review are insufficient.
Effect of dynamic and static strength training on hormonal activity in elite boxers
Authors: AĞGÖN ESER , AGIRBAŞ ÖZTURK , ALP HAMIT HAKAN , UÇAN IZZET , GÜRSOY RECEP , HACKNEY ANTHONY C.
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise. Abbreviations: ACTH ̶ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, GH ̶ Growth Hormone, C ̶ Cortisol.
The results of judo fights during the 2018–2019 World Championships
Authors: SULECKA BARBARA , ADAM MAREK , WOLSKA BEATA
Published: March 2021

Background: ‪The aim of the study was to analyze female and male competitors’ results of judo fights during the 2018–2019 World Championships in the light of the new regulations of sports fights. Material and methods: ‪The research material involved the recording and analysis of athletes’ fights during the 2018 World Judo Championships in Baku (Azerbaijan) and the 2019 World Judo Championships in Tokyo (Japan). In total, 1,659 fights were analyzed, including 997 bouts in the group of men and 662 bouts in the group of women. The collected material allowed analyzing the ways of resolving bouts by competitors in extreme weight categories, bouts completed in the regular time and in the extra time, and fights fought in qualifying rounds and in the medal zone (medal fights). Results: There were no clear differences in the ways of resolving the bouts fought in the groups of women and men. In the group of heavy-weight categories, a certain predominance of attacks completed by ippon was found, while in the group light-weight categories by waza ari. Also fights that were completed in the regular time were most often resolved by direct ippon and two waza ari = ippon, while the fights completed in the extra time were definitely more often completed by waza ari or disqualification – hansoku make. During the elimination fights, competitors more often than during medal fights resolved bouts by disqualification, while competitors fighting for medals more often won through waza ari than the competitors fighting in the qualifying rounds. Conclusions: ‪The most important differences were observed in the results of fights completed in the regular time and in the extra time of fighting. The groups of athletes of light- and heavy-weight categories differed in the number of points obtained by ippon and waza ari. In the elimination and medal fights, the number of obtained waza ari was the most differentiating factor. During direct fights for medals, competitors resolved bouts the least often by hansoku make.
Sportsman’s authority in the perspective of man’s weakness
Authors: PASEK MARCIN
Published: March 2021

Background: History of glory and fall of the cyclist Lance Armstrong refers to the issues from the borderline of sociology, psychology, pharmacology and qualified sport. It stirs many emotions and extreme opinions in which human attitudes are focused on phenomena impossible to be interpreted unequivocally. The purpose of this research was to learn opinions on the life path of Lance Armstrong, regarding his struggle both with cancer and his rivals in the peloton, but at the same time marked with forbidden doping. Material and methods: The research was carried out using the survey method, which asked one question about the ethics of behaviour of the former professional road racing cyclist. Results: People participating in the research had their own oncological experience and pursued the passion of sport-recreational activity. That means that in both areas their life refers to the path of one of the most recognizable sportsmen of the turn of centuries. In most cases, they find understanding for his behaviour. Conclusions: The main conclusion coming from the assessment of Armstrong concerns recognition that among people who have a similar history of life, most of them are able to indicate his numerous contributions to humanity, minimizing and sometimes even undervaluing shameful reputation, which disgraced professional sport.