bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevo mercado para el distrito de Chorrillos
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Velit Carcelen Alexandra Pamela
Published: November 2020

El proyecto consiste en desarrollar un Mercado de abastos dentro del distrito de Chorrillos, en Lima. Se planteó sobre un mercado existente el cual se encuentra en estado de precariedad el cual no posee una infraestructura e instalaciones suficientes para los usos que se requieren y no aporta nada bueno a su entorno. La estrategia urbana planteada logra una integración con el entorno inmediato a partir de unas plazas de acceso y una calle publica correctamente jerarquizada. Esta calle se vuelve un espacio importante del proyecto, pues une la calle de la estación del metropolitano con las viviendas ubicadas en las calles posteriores al mercado, buscando la integración del barrio. Por ende, este nuevo proyecto se propone como una infraestructura moderna y adecuada a las necesidades del mercado, aportando adicionalmente usos mixtos complementarios basados en la necesidad de la comunidad.
Impacto del financiamiento privado en Infraestructura en las Regiones de Cajamarca y Huancavelica
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Ñahui Paitán Sheyla Katerinne , Zevallos Dávila Humberto
Published: November 2020

Esta investigación examina los efectos de los mecanismos de inversión privada como son la de Obras por Impuestos y Asociaciones Público Privadas (APP) en los indicadores de infraestructura regional en los departamentos de Cajamarca y Huancavelica durante los años 2008 y 2018 y si estos efectos han sido considerables o no. En el primer capítulo de esta investigación, se detallará el plan de investigación con el fin de conocer la problemática, los objetivos a obtenerse y si la hipótesis se cumple o no. Después, en el segundo capítulo, se realizará el marco teórico, abarcando temas y definiciones sobre los mecanismos de Obras por Impuestos y Asociaciones Público Privadas, la importancia de la infraestructura en los Indicadores de Competitividad Regional en los departamentos de Cajamarca y Huancavelica, la pobreza y la Necesidad Básica Insatisfecha. Luego, en el tercer capítulo, se realizará la metodología empleada, mostrando el enfoque y detalle de la investigación. Además de los criterios del uso de la información recolectada. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta el desarrollo y el análisis de los resultados de cada uno de las variables que se investigó con la finalidad de observar si se llegó a los objetivos planteados. Finalmente, en el último capítulo se dará a conocer las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se han obtenido luego del análisis de todo lo anterior obtenido.
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como factor influyente en el comportamiento de compra de las consumidoras de la industria cosmética en Lima Metropolitana
Authors:   ,   Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Goicochea Briones Julio Cesar , Pariona Antezana Leidy
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la influencia de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en el comportamiento de compra de las consumidoras de productos cosméticos en Lima Metropolitana. El modelo utilizado en esta investigación fue la que planteó Carroll en 1991. Con ello, se estudia la RSE a través de cuatro dimensiones: económica, legal, ética y filantrópica. Además, se empleó literatura de autores como Kotler para explicar el proceso de comportamiento de compra. La muestra del estudio la conforman mujeres de 15 a 60 años, que residan en Lima Metropolitana, que consuman al menos un producto cosmético. Además, se trabajó a partir del modelo cuantitativo, relacionando la valoración que las consumidoras atribuyen a la RSE y cómo esto influye en su comportamiento de compra, logrando con ello evidenciar la importancia de la RSE aplicado en los negocios como una ventaja competitiva, teniendo como resultado un ganar - ganar para ambas partes. El instrumento de recopilación de datos se realizó a través un cuestionario trabajado con la escala de Likert con una puntuación de uno a cinco. Además, este estudio se apoyó en modelos previos, como el que realizó Maignan en 2001, empleando la teoría de Carroll, a un grupo de consumidores de 3 países europeos. Finalmente, los resultados generales obtenidos en esta investigación denotan que existe una relación significativa media entre la RSE y el comportamiento de compra. No obstante, la valoración de la RSE por sí misma muestra porcentajes altos de aceptación por parte de las consumidoras.
THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND SERBIAN EDUCATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA IN THE LAST CENTURY OF OTTOMAN RULE
Authors: MILOŠEVIĆ BORIVOJE , LUKIĆ SANDRA
Published: November 2020

The origins of initial education of the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina are found in the Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries. Monks and priests, although having a modest education, also worked as teachers besides their regular religious functions. The first students were young men, who were trained in the profession of priests. They usually inherited this position from their fathers. The initial courses were of a limited religious character and were not able to provide a broader education to students. Literacy obtained within the sphere of the church could not respond to the needs and spirit of the new age in the middle of the 19th century. Therefore, it was prominent and wealthy Serbian merchants that made a strong impact in establishing modern private schools. Most Serbian schools were financially supported by Serbia and Russia during that century, up until the Austro-Hungarian occupation. Serbian Orthodox church – school municipalities very often addressed Belgrade for help for reconstruction or building schools and churches. The foundation of Pelagic’s Seminary in Banja Luka in 1866 made a significant impact on the cultural progress of Serbs, especially those living in the area of Bosanska Krajina.
SERBIA, ITALY’S ENTRANCE INTO WORLD WAR I, AND THE LONDON AGREEMENT: A NEW INTERPRETATION
Authors: RADIVOJEVIĆ MIROSLAV
Published: November 2020

This paper follows the Entente Powers negotiations with Italy from the beginning of World War I up to the signing of the London Agreement. Simultaneously, this paper follows Serbian relations towards the negotiations and Italy entering the conflict from the standpoint of its national pretensions. Due to the important role of Russia, as Serbia’s closest ally and the traditional protector of Slavic interests, special attention has been dedicated to its position and reasons for relenting in diplomatic initiative for Italy entering the war. This paper contains an analysis and a new interpretation of the London Agreement. In addition to this, the paper sheds light on the beginning of deteriorating relations between the governments in Rome and Belgrade/Niš, which used to be friendly before the Great War, as well as the circumstances which influenced the situation.
O cotidiano na História das ideias linguísticas
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cláudia Fernandes
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho busca contribuir para uma teorização discursiva sobre a questão do cotidiano na história das ideias linguísticas. Para isso, empreendo diálogos e debates teóricos com estudos de Michel de Certeau, Michel Pêcheux, Sylvain Auroux e Eni Orlandi.
Pretreatment Studies of Biohydrogen Production from Agro-Industrial Waste
Authors: Pandey Ramendra Pati , Raghulchandrana R. , Tamizhini A. , Snehya A.V
Published: November 2020

This study evaluates the production of biohydrogen from agro industrial waste. The worldwide energy demand is increasing exponentially and the reserves of fossil fuels are depleting, the combustion of fossil fuels has the effect on environment because of CO2 emission. Hydrogen generation market size is forecast to cross 180 billion by 2024, according to a new research report by global market. For the production of biohydrogen. we had chosen groundnut shell as our source, using Tween80 as a surfactant we had undergone pre-treatment studies for (10min,20min,30min,40min,50min) we had estimated the content of cellulose, protein, carbohydrates at (1%,2%,3%,4%,5%) and obtained the optimum value in the form of graph. The production of hydrogen is done by using the rumen fluid of the cow and the quantity of the hydrogen produced by this process is identified by using the analytical instrument Gas Chromatography.
Development of a Data Analysis and Performance Evaluation System Through the Integration of Festo MPS Stations
Authors: Sallum Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Industria 4.0 is present in smart and digital manufacturing, making manufacturing companies improve productivity, reducing delivery time and related costs. The objective of this work is to demonstrate through three integrated MPS Festo stations (Distribution, Pick \& Place and Sorting), using the Internet of Things and Google Analytics technologies, the benefits in relation to remote performance monitoring. The intended objective is achieved through the implementation of the monitoring system at the three MPS Festo stations. The data obtained through the integration of the Festo stations and their respective sensors are processed and analyzed in a cloud infrastructure, so that the main metrics are visualized and transmitted on a panel. This monitoring system improves the perception of process performance, as the main performance metrics are displayed, such as productivity, cycle time and parts produced. The cloud infrastructure allows remote viewing and monitoring of the system.
Tracking Double-up Food Bucks (DUFB) Program Use Among Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP) Recipients and the Implications for Healthy Food Access
Authors: Atoloye Abiodun , Durward Carrie
Published: November 2020

Acceptance of SNAP benefits has increased in farmers’ markets (FM) over the years. However, getting SNAP recipients to take up the opportunity of extra dollars for healthy food options remains a challenge. Thus, we tracked the use of the Double-up Food Buck (DUFB) program among SNAP recipients who visit participating FMs in Utah to understand the unique characteristics of the program users. Our results identified varying types of program users (multiple and single market shoppers, more frequent and less frequent shoppers). While our findings indicate a higher DUFB transaction in token value among frequent users, larger markets are more likely to have higher DUFB transactions with a higher number of market visits compared to smaller ones. In conclusion, while all types of users may add to the total revenue generated by participating FM, additional initiatives are required to encourage frequent visits and uptake of the program for better access to healthy foods.
Experimental Study and Numerical Modeling of Boron Transport in Reservoir and Its Influence on Seawater-Breakthrough Calculation
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Xiang , Lu Jun
Published: November 2020

Seawater injection is widely used to maintain offshore-oil-reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery. However, injecting seawater into reservoirs can cause many issues, such as reservoir souring and scaling, which are strongly related to the seawater-breakthrough percentage. Accurately calculating the seawater-breakthrough percentage is important for estimating the severity of those problems and further developing effective strategies to mitigate those issues. The validation of using natural-ion boron as a tracer to calculate seawater-breakthrough percentage was investigated. Boron can interact with clays, which can influence the accuracy in seawater-breakthrough calculation. Therefore, the interaction between boron and different clays at various conditions was first studied, and the Freundlich adsorption equation was used to describe the boron-adsorption isotherms. Then, the boron-adsorption isotherms were coupled into the reservoir simulator to investigate the boron transport in porous media, and the results in turn were further analyzed to calculate the accurate seawater-breakthrough percentage. Results indicated that boron adsorption by different clays varied. pH value of solution can significantly influence the amount of boron adsorbed. As a result, the boron-concentration profile was delayed in coreflood tests. The accuracy of the new model was verified by convergence rate tests and comparison with analytical results. Furthermore, model results fit well with experimental data. On the basis of the reservoir-simulation results, the boron-concentration profile in produced water can be used to calculate the seawater-breakthrough percentage by considering the clay-content distribution. However, the seawater-breakthrough point cannot be determined by boron because the boron concentration is still at the formation level after seawater breakthrough due to boron desorption.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linezolid following Intragastric and Intravenous Administrations in ICU Patients
Authors: Sun Zhidan , Zhang Xing , Zheng Junbo , Hou Guiying , Han Qiuyuan , Qi Zhidong , Huang Rui , Yu Yang , Liu Gaofeng , Gao Yang , Ye Ming , Li Ming , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Hong-Liang
Published: November 2020

Background. Though intravenous infusion linezolid therapy is common for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), intragastric linezolid therapy is also provided for those whose gastrointestinal function are feasible. If intragastric linezolid acquired similar pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) parameters, this might be preferred based on cost and ease of liquid volume management.Methods. Patients in the ICU treated with intragastric and intravenous linezolid were included. Serial blood samples were collected and linezolid concentrations were measured. PK data were analyzed using Pmetrics. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate PD target achievement. Results. Tmax was 1.06 ± 0.82 h of the study period in 10 patients receiving intragastric linezolid and 0.65 ± 0.24 h in 10 patients receiving intravenous linezolid (p<0.001). Cmax was 9.07 ± 4.99 mg/mL of patients with intragastric linezolid and 12.30 ± 4.06 mg/mL of patients with intravenous linezolid (p=0.904). Clearance was 11.99 ± 11.24 L/h in patients with intragastric linezolid and 14.48 ± 3.56 L/h in patients with intravenous linezolid (p=0.342). For infections with a microorganism with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/L, simulations demonstrated that with 600 mg every 12 hours, 58.22% would have a linezolid concentration greater than the MIC during 100% of the dosing interval (%T > MIC = 100%) in intragastric group, whereas this was 71.36% in intravenous group. Higher SOFA score and body weight were associated with lower probability of target attainment (PTA) of linezolid with standard regimen.Conclusions. Patients in ICU may be at high risk for underexposure to linezolid by intragastric administration, especially when their SOFA score and body weight is high and when infected with pathogens with an MIC ≥ 2 mg/L.
Targeted Immuno-Antiretroviral HIV Therapeutic Approach to Provide Dual Protection and Boosts Cellular Immunity: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Mandal Subhra , Sunagawa Shawnalyn , Prathipati Pavan Kumar , Belshan Michael , Shibata Annemarie , Destache Christopher
Published: November 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected active and latent C-C motif chemokine receptor-5 (CCR5) expressing long-lived T-cells are the primary barrier to HIV/AIDS eradication. Broadly neutralizing antibodies and latency-reversing agents are the two most promising strategies emerging to achieve ‘functional cure’ against HIV infection. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have shown to suppress plasma viral loads to non- detectable levels and other strategies have demonstrated a ‘functional cure’ against HIV infection is achievable. Strategies are effective at inducing direct or immune-mediated cell death of latent HIV+ T-cells but have shown respective limitations. We designed a novel targeted ARVs-loaded nanoformulation that combines a CCR5 monoclonal antibody and antiretroviral drugs (ARV) as a dual protection strategy to promote HIV ‘functional cure’. The modified CCR5 monoclonal antibody (xfR5 mAb) surface-coated dolutegravir (DTG) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) loaded nanoformulation (xfR5-D+T NPs)Results: The nanoformulation was uniformly sized <250 nm, with 6.5 times enhanced antigen-binding affinity compared to naïve xfR5 mAb, and provided prolonged DTG and TAF intracellular retention. The multivalent and sustained drug release properties of xfR5-D+T NPs enhance the protective efficiency against HIV by approximately 12, 3, and 5 times compared to naïve xfR5 mAb, D+T NP alone, and xfR5 NPs, respectively. Further, the nanoformulation demonstrated high binding-affinity to CCR5 expressing CD4+ cells, monocytes, and other HIV prone/latent T-cells by 25, 2, and 2 times, respectively. Finally, during short-term pre-exposure prophylaxis, the xfR5-D+T NPs induced a protective immunophenotype, with boosted T-helper (Th), temporary memory (TM), and effector (E) sub-population. Treatment with xfR5-D+T NPs to HIV-infected T-cells induced a defensive/activated immunophenotype with boosted naïve, Th, central memory, TM, EM, E, and activated cytotoxic T-cells population.Conclusion: This dual-action targeted nanoformulation could potentially become a multifactorial solution to achieve a “functional cure.”
A Pre-Training Technique to Localize Medical BERT and to Enhance Biomedical BERT
Authors: Wada Shoya , Takeda Toshihiro , Manabe Shiro , Konishi Shozo , Kamohara Jun , Matsumura Yasushi
Published: November 2020

Background: Pre-training large-scale neural language models on raw texts has been shown to make a significant contribution to a strategy for transfer learning in natural language processing (NLP). With the introduction of transformer-based language models, such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), the performance of information extraction from free text by NLP has significantly improved for both the general domain and the medical domain; however, it is difficult for languages in which there are few publicly available medical databases with a high quality and a large size to train medical BERT models that perform well.Method: We introduce a method to train a BERT model using a small medical corpus both in English and in Japanese. Our proposed method consists of two interventions: simultaneous pre-training, which is intended to encourage masked language modeling and next-sentence prediction on the small medical corpus, and amplified vocabulary, which helps with suiting the small corpus when building the customized corpus by byte-pair encoding. Moreover, we used whole PubMed abstracts and developed a high-performance BERT model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining by Osaka University (ouBioBERT), in English via our method. We then evaluated the performance of our BERT models and publicly available baselines and compared them.Results: We confirmed that our Japanese medical BERT outperforms conventional baselines and the other BERT models in terms of the medical-document classification task and that our English BERT pre-trained using both the general and medical domain corpora performs sufficiently for practical use in terms of the biomedical language understanding evaluation (BLUE) benchmark. Moreover, ouBioBERT shows that the total score of the BLUE benchmark is 1.1 points above that of BioBERT and 0.3 points above that of the ablation model trained without our proposed method.Conclusions: Our proposed method makes it feasible to construct a practical medical BERT model in both Japanese and English, and it has a potential to produce higher performing models for biomedical shared tasks.
m6a Methylation Inhibition by Cycloleucine Impaired Porcine Oocyte Meiosis and Early Embryonic Development via Remodeling Histone Modifications and Altering Metabolism Related Gene Expression in Blastocysts
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Sheng , Zhai Yanhui , Han Yu , Huang Rong , An Xinglan , Dai Xiangpeng , Li Ziyi
Published: November 2020

BackgroundOocytes maturation and early embryo development were regulated precisely by a series of factors at transcriptional and posttranslational levels. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification in mRNA as a crucial regulator in RNA metabolism and gene regulation. However, the role of m6A on porcine oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis is largely unknown. ResultsHere, we found that oocytes treated with cycloleucine (CL), an inhibitor of m6A, could impair cumulus expansion, elevate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and decreased oocytes maturation which partially caused by disturbed spindle organization and chromosomes alignment. Moreover, our results indicated that the CL treated parthenogenetic embryos arrested at 4-cell stage and showed worse blastocyst quality. CL treatment not only decreased the methylation levels of nucleic acid, H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, while increased the acetylation level of H4K16 during parthenogenetic embryos development in pigs. Furthermore, single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis indicated that CL treatment dramatically elevated the expression of metabolism-related (SLC16A1 and MAIG3 etc.) and maternal related (BTG4, WEE2 and BMP15 etc.) genes at blastocyst stage. ConclusionsTaken together, we found that m6A methylation inhibition by CL impaired porcine oocyte meiosis and early embryonic development via remodeling histone modifications and altering metabolism related gene expression in blastocysts.
Identification of the Role of SOX2 During Early Embryogenesis in Pigs
Authors: Lee Mingyun , Oh Jong-Nam , Kim Seung-Hun , Choi Kwang-Hwan , Lee Dong-Kyung , Choe Gyung Cheol , Jeong Jinsol , Lee Chang-Kyu
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe lineage specification of mammalian embryos during preimplantation development has been studied for a long time but is still unclear. To understand the developmental process, many studies have examined lineage markers and mechanisms focusing on mouse embryos, but there are differences from human embryos. Pigs have been studied extensively in the field of disease model animals and xenotransplantation because of their physiological similarity with humans. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze gene expression patterns and lineage specification markers during early embryogenesis in pigs, a model animal similar to humans.ResultsAnalysis of the expression pattern of the core pluripotent factors (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) of preimplantation porcine embryos showed that SOX2 was only expressed in some cells from the early stage, so SOX2 was selected as an ICM inducible factor candidate. Next, transcript and protein expression patterns were estimated at the early stage (Day 5) and late stage (Day 7) of blastocysts injected with the CRISPR Cas9 system selected through gRNA validation. An ICC assay revealed that the expression of ICM-related genes (SOX2, NANOG and SOX17), except OCT4, was suppressed, and the total cell number was also decreased. Likewise, according to real-time PCR analysis, pluripotency-related genes (NANOG, SOX17 and SMAD7), excluding OCT4, and proliferation-related genes (KDM8 and DDB1) were decreased in SOX2-targeted blastocysts, which showed more differences in late-stage blastocyst than in early-stage blastocyst. Last, in SOX2-overexpressing embryos, the total blastocyst cell number was greatly increased, but the ICM/TE ratio decreased.Conclusions﻿Taken together, our results demonstrated SOX2 is essential for ICM formation and cell proliferation in porcine early stage embryogenesis. These findings will help to elucidate gene regulation related to lineage specification during porcine early development.
Boswellic acid and myrrh sesquiterpene alleviate hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via regulating TLR4/NF-κB and Ang Ⅰ/Ang Ⅱ/Tie signaling pathway on MCAO rats
Authors: Miao Xiaodong , Zhao Zizhang , Xu Zhuo , Su Shulan , Jiang Baoping , Shang Er-xin , Li Jiashang , Zhu Yue , Guo Jianming , Yu Li , Qian Dawei , Duan Jin-ao
Published: November 2020

Background: The frankincense and myrrh can be used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic with the treatment of stroke, while its mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of boswellic acid (BA) and myrrh sesquiterpene (MS) compositions on ischemic stroke in rats. Methods: The ischemic stroke rat model induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was adopted and treated with boswellic acid and myrrh sesquiterpenes with proportions compatibility (BA-MS) of 10:1, 5:1 and 20:1. Biochemical indexes, histopathological analysis, metabolomics analysis of plasma and urine, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids were investigated. Results: BA and MS could obviously significantly ameliorated neurological deficits scores, reduced cerebral infarction area in I/R, and improve the damage of brains and lungs of MCAO rats. Additionally, it could significantly reduce the expression of neuroinflammatory factors (IL-1β, nNOS, BDNF, NGF) and angiogenic growth factors (ET-1, PAI-1, PDGF, VEGF, VWF), and significantly increase the expression of nerve indicators (TDP-43, NeuN) and angiogenic growth factors (Ang Ⅱ, TGF-β1, bFGF). After the administration of BA-MS, the metabolites of ischemic stroke in plasma and urine of ischemic stroke of rats were reversed, mainly correlated with the metabolic pathway of linoleic acid metabolism (impact value =1), and the gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism of cecal contents were also improved. Conclusions: BA-MS can improve brain injury of MCAO rats via Ang/Tie and TLR4 signaling pathway, improve metabolism disorder by regulating linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and ameliorate gut microbes and their metabolic disorders.
A Qualitative Study on The Role of Community Health Workers In Influencing Social Connectedness Using The Household Model: A Case Study of Neno District, Malawi
Authors: Ndambo Myness Stella Kasanda , Munyaneza Fabien , Aron Moses , Makungwa Henry , Michaelis Annie , Nhlema Basimenye , Connolly Emilia
Published: November 2020

Background: There is growing global recognition that community health workers (CHWs) play a key role in facilitating social connectedness. Through direct interactions and relationship building, CHWs link people to key services such as healthcare and social support. Several models aim to understand how CHWs facilitate these interactions, but the theory of change is not yet fully understood. In Neno District, Malawi, CHWs recently transitioned from a disease-focused model to what we call the “household model.” Under the household model, each CHW is assigned to several households to provide screening and linkage to care, as well as psychosocial and chronic disease support. We theorise that this public health approach facilitates social connectedness in the households and rural communities served by CHWs. We aim to understand drivers of influence on social connections from the CHW-, healthcare worker-, and patient perspectives. Methods: This was a cross-sectional qualitative study utilising focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled community stakeholders, CHWs, health service providers, and patients (total N=180) from October 2018 through March 2020. Results: Participants reported improved social interactions and connectedness and increased access to health care in their communities following the transition to the household model. This was driven by factors including reduced stigma and discrimination, empowerment of households and community members, and fostering both social cohesiveness and individual agency in accessing health services. The main themes that emanated from this study are; expansion of care by CHWs, trust in CHW’s provision of care, and equal treatment of community members by CHWs. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that through the polyvalent household model, CHWs foster high levels of social connectedness in the communities, evidenced by a reported reduction in stigma and discrimination and an increase in individual agency in accessing health services.
From time dependent incorporation of molecular building blocks to application properties for inorganic and organic three-dimensional network polymers
Authors: Keer Lies De , Kilic Karsu , Steenberge Paul Van , Daelemans Lode , Kodura Daniel , Frisch Hendrik , Clerck Karen De , Reyniers Marie-Françoise , Barner-Kowollik Christopher , Dauskardt Reinhold , D'hooge Dagmar
Published: November 2020

The three-dimensional configurational arrangement of natural and synthetic network materials determines their application range. Control of the real time incorporation of each building block, hence, all functional groups is desired so that we can regulate macroscopic properties from the molecular level onwards. Here we interconnect kinetic Monte Carlo simulations from the field of chemical kinetics and molecular dynamic simulations from the field of physics. We visualize for (in)organic network material synthesis how the initial building blocks interact timewise and spatially, accounting for variations in inter- and intramolecular chemical reactivity, diffusivity, segmental compositions, branch/network point locations, and defects. We use the kinetic and three-dimensional structural information to construct structure-property relationships based on molecular descriptors such as the molecular pore size or dangling chain distribution, differentiating between ideal and non-ideal structural elements. The generic nature is illustrated by constructing such relationships for the synthesis of organosilica, epoxy-amine and Diels-Alder based networks.
Features of Providing Content on YouTube about Extreme Situations: Genres and Formats
Authors:   Penza State University, Ekaterina K. Reva , Victoria A. Mezhina ,   Penza State University
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the study of YouTube is due to the fact that today video hosting is a concentration of video materials of various thematic areas and channels producing content. This article presents the results of a study of the genres and formats used on the media platform YouTube to reflect information about extreme situations of a natural and man-made nature. Video hosting YouTube has become a platform not only for the distribution of user content, but also a modern communication channel for broadcasting the content of traditional media. It is this factor that allows you to identify genre and format ways of providing information. To compile a list of extreme and emergency situations for 2015–2019, State reports on the state of protection of the population and territory of the Russian Federation from natural and man-made emergencies posted on the website of the Russian Emergencies Ministry were studied. Then, keywords were searched on the video hosting site YouTube. Due to the fact that the study is part of a major scientific project aimed at studying the influence of psychotraumatizing factors on the speech function of a person in real extreme situations, one of the selection criteria was the presence of an emotional component in the video materials. The chronological framework of the study in five years, a wide range of YouTube channels, a body of video materials collected by a continuous sampling method, the use of typological and genre analysis made it possible to obtain representative conclusions about the genre-format specifics of video materials on socially significant topics.The results obtained show that the largest number of videos belong to the information group of genres. The analytical ones include the genre of journalistic investigation. Amateur YouTube channels use selfie shooting, shooting with voiceover commentary, a conversation with an eyewitness or victim, etc. Keywords: media, television, media, YouTube, video hosting, video content, extreme situations
The Theme of Repatriation of Jews from the USSR in the Soviet Media as a Manifestation of Media Propaganda in the 1970s (the Сase of the Izvestiya)
Authors:   Ariel University, Dmitry L. Strovsky , Alexey V. Antoshin ,   Ural Federal University
Published: November 2020

This article analyzes the substantive approaches used by the Soviet press when reflecting the topic of the repatriation of Jews from the USSR to Israel in the 1970s. This period is of particular importance in the course of studying information propaganda as an independent socio-political activity aimed at the formation of a certain type of mass consciousness. During this period, information propaganda of the Soviet mass media was perceived as an essential basis for strengthening ideological and political positions of the Soviet Union by leveling the complexities of its daily life. The study of how exactly these media promoted the topic of repatriation seems to be new in the study of the information space. The disclosure of this topic through the use of extensive empirical material enables to see the patterns of development of this space at the final stage of the Soviet period, which in turn, determines the relevance of the study in modern conditions, when manipulative priorities anew have become noticeable in the practice of the Russian media. The authors envisage the editorial policy of such an influential central newspaper as Izvestia. This publication, like all the other Soviet media, was attached to propaganda priorities, which predetermined manipulative approaches when covering the topic of repatriation. In order to determine the main trends of manipulative influence, we used structural-functional and systemic methods, as well as a method of content analysis, which together afford to see the patterns of development of the Soviet print media in the disclosure of the topic presented in the title of this article. The results of the research are not only theoretically but practically oriented, since they provide understanding of effective methods of influencing the audience and using them in everyday media practice. Keywords: media, Soviet ideology, propaganda, manipulation, class approach, Zionism, Jews
Media Communications of the Region in the Context of the Spread of Coronavirus: Features of the Media Agenda and Audience Involvement
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Kseniya V. Dementieva
Published: November 2020

The article considers how the rapid spread of the new coronavirus COVID-19 caused transformations in the field of media, in particular in regional journalism, using the example of a specific region ‒ the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the study is to study the features of changing the media agenda in the context of the spread of coronavirus, the specifics of the information in the regional media, and also the response of the audience of various types of publications. During the study, general scientific methods were used, such as systemic and structural-functional, as well as empirical ones. The continuous sampling method analyzed about 2,000 materials posted on several information resources ‒ communities of large regional mass media of the VKontakte social network. A qualitative analysis of the content of materials on the coronavirus from January to mid-May 2020 was carried out. At the same time, the coefficient of people’s involvement in the selected publication (ERpost) was analyzed. In the work, the author supplemented the list of groups into which media information about coronavirus can be divided, the situation with fakes was analyzed, three categories of sources were identified for the reliability of the information posted in them: official information of government bodies, relevant ministries, officials; mass media; social networks and Telegram channels. A study of materials on the topic of coronavirus in regional media revealed the following trends: the number of materials on coronavirus and the audience’s response to them have grown since the onset of the disease, but in May there was a general downward trend (this proves that for all the social significance of the topic, it is impossible to keep the audience’s attention at the same level for a long time); the involvement of the audience is consistently higher for materials affecting regional subjects; auditoria interests lose out to public needs, therefore, official reports are viewed more than celebrity messages, and O. Markin, the Minister of Health of the Republic, became the main media person; despite the prohibitions and the negative attitude towards clickbait, it continues to be used, including in materials on the theme of coronavirus; “hate speech” is practically not used by regional publications. Keywords: media, coronavirus, COVID-19, media agenda, audience engagement, Republic of Mordovia
Correction of functional disorders in ADMA-like preeclampsia with derivatives of the peptide imitating erythropoietin α-helix B
Authors: Gureev Vladimir V. , Korokin Mikhail V. , Golubev Ivan V. , Pokrovsky Mikhail V. , Polyanskaya Adelaida V. , Kuzmin Dmitriy B.
Published: November 2020

Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the correction of functional disorders in ADMA-like preeclampsia with derivatives of the peptide imitating erythropoietin α-helix B. Materials and methods. The study was performed in 120 white female Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g. ADMA-like preeclampsia was used as experimental preeclampsia. To assess the effectiveness of the pharmacological agents used, blood pressure, microcirculation in the placenta, and proteinuria were recorded, the content of final NO metabolites in the blood plasma was determined, and the coefficient of endothelial dysfunction was calculated. 50 μg / kg polypeptides (P-αB3 and P-αB4) were used as pharmacological agents, obtained by attaching to the original 11-amino acid peptide PHBSP [PubChem CID: 91810664], which is the amino acid chain Pyr-Glu-Gln-Leu-Glu-Arg-Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ser (QEQLERALNSS) of KGD group from different ends of the chain. Results. The use of the studied derivatives of peptide imitating erythropoietin α-helix B with ADMA-like preeclampsia leads to a pronounced correction of disorders. The greatest effect was observed with the introduction of the peptide with the laboratory code P-αB4. A significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure was noted, respectively, improved microcirculation in the placenta, restoration of the NO-synthesizing function of the endothelium, and a decrease in proteinuria. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the prospect of further research on the effectiveness of short-chain derivatives of erythropoietin imitating its α-helix B for the correction of functional disorders in preeclampsia.
Lenin and Stalin as Historians: A Comparative Analysis of their Views
Authors:   Moscow Region State University, Bagdasaryan V. E. , Resnianskiy S. I. ,   RUDN University
Published: November 2020

This article reconstructs the historical views of the leaders of the Soviet state, V.I.Lenin and I.V.Stalin, as an important component of their ideological projects. The comparison of their views on history is an indicator of differences between the Leninist and Stalinist versions of Soviet ideology. The authors conclude that the continuity of views on the history of Lenin and Stalin is maintained within the framework of the general methodological platform of Marxism (formation theory, class struggle theory, adherence to the macrosocial approach to history). Stalin developed a number of Leninist provisions regarding the understanding of history and, above all, related to the combination of Marxism with the theory of imperialism. At the same time, certain differences are found in content used — mainly the history of European revolutions by Lenin and the history of Russian state-building by Stalin. Lenin placed more emphasis on universal laws of history, while Stalin recognized the originality of the Russian historical process. There were certain differences in emphases on their interpretations of national relations and foreign policy in Russian history. Such differences in views of history were correlated with differences between the tasks Lenin and Stalin faced at different stages of the Soviet project.
The Soviet Elite of Leningrad 1950–1956: Emotional Aspects of Official Daily Life
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Amosova A. A.
Published: November 2020

This article presents a study of daily life of the Soviet elite, the leading people of the Leningrad City Council (P.F.Ladanov, N.I.Smirnov) and the Leningrad Regional Council (I.P.Petrov, V.N.Ponomarev, G.I.Vorobyov) in 1950–1956. A historical analysis of emotions makes it possible to rethink the era by answering such questions as: Whom the Soviet elite did love, and whom did they fear during the period of late Stalinism and the beginning of the “Khrushchev thaw”? What was the official behavior of a state leader? How and under what circumstances did non-politicized emotions arise? The study is based on sources of a personal origin: materials of official speeches, published and unpublished reports, materials of personnel files (including autobiographies), photo documents and sound documents, and memoirs of contemporaries. Additionally, office documents (transcripts of meetings, plenums, meetings, council sessions) deposited in the archives of St. Petersburg and Moscow associated with the activities of local government in Leningrad and the oblast were studied. The period 1950–1956 was when new, loyal managers were appointed to “empty” posts after the Leningrad Affair. One of the main tasks that confronted them in the first period was completing work on identifying “anti-party” elements in their ranks. In the leadership structures there was an atmosphere of suspicion and denunciation. Finally, tracing aspects of the transformation of these leading cadres at the beginning of the Thaw provides curious insights.
The Soviet Pavilion at the World Exhibition in New York: Search and Implementation of an Architectural Image
Authors:   South Ural State University, Konysheva E. V. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning (NIITIAG), branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

This article addresses the Soviet pavilion at the World Exhibition in New York City, 1939, especially the architectural and artistic image of the Soviet pavilion, including its search and implementation. Archiveal documents from the Soviet section of the International exhibition in New York, as well as professional periodicals of the 1930s, analyzed to interpret and evaluate the New York exhibition and the Soviet pavilion in the Soviet public field, make up the main data base for the article. First, the competitive practices of the 1930s and their hidden mechanisms, ruled by party-state power, are shown through the case of the New York Pavilion. Further, the stylistic peculiarities of the pavilion are considered, and ideas among the power circles about worthy forms of the “export” representation of the USSR by architectural and artistic means are shown. With the example of an “Americanized” style of the Soviet pavilion, the practice of appropriating alien architectural forms was demonstrated as a way to emphasize the involvement of Stalinist culture in current global trends. Attention is also drawn to the contradiction between official “internal” discourse, with its main thesis of turning to “classical heritage”, and the choice of a modern language for “export” architecture.
Temperatura e tempo de frio para a superação da dormência de gemas de videiras ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ e ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Christo Mariane Castanho de
Published: November 2020

A videira apresenta um período de dormência no outono/inverno, superado pelo acúmulo de horas de frio (HF) ≤7,2ºC, temperatura genérica para frutíferas temperadas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de diferentes temperaturas e tempos de frio para a superação da dormência de gemas de videiras. Estacas de videiras ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’ e ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ foram coletadas em vinhedos localizados em Veranópolis-RS, em junho/2016, após 300 horas de frio (HF≤7,2°C) a campo. Os ramos, processados em estacas de nós-isolados, foram submetidos em câmaras incubadoras a três intensidades de frio  (7,2, 10 e 13°C) e seis tempos de exposição (300, 396, 492, 588, 684 e 780 HF - considerando o somatório do frio acumulado a campo e o frio imposto em condições controladas). Ao final de cada tempo de frio, uma parcela das estacas foi transferida para 25ºC para indução e avaliação da brotação das gemas. Os dados de brotação foram analisados quanto aos parâmetros de brotação máxima, precocidade e uniformidade. As cultivares apresentaram diferenças na necessidade de frio e na efetividade das temperaturas de frio para a superação da dormência. A ‘Chardonnay’ necessitou até 300 HF para a superação da dormência, independente da temperatura testada; a ‘Merlot’ necessitou até 396 HF a 7,2ºC e a 10ºC e até 492 HF a 13ºC; e o ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ necessitou até 492 HF a 7,2ºC, até 588 HF a 10ºC e até 684 HF a 13ºC. A precocidade e uniformidade de brotação das gemas foi maior após suprido o frio na dormência para cada cultivar.
METHODOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK EVALUATION IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION CREWS
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Praskurnichiy E.A. , Yustova V.D. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow
Published: November 2020

The approach to evaluation of health risks to aviation crew discussed in this paper is an alternative to the common clinical practice, i.e. stratification of the risks of diseases and complications which is sometimes underestimated by members of aircrew medical certification boards. The approach consists of ranking health issues by severity and impact on flight safety, and risk probability. The updated risk evaluation matrix was used successfully in cardiovascular diagnostics of aircrews. In aeromedicine, this approach is aimed at objective cardiovascular risk evaluation and prevention of accidents and serious incidents in consequence of problems with the cabin crew health.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIHYPOXIC PROPERTIES OF NEW NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Kaurova D.E. ,   Belgorod State University, Bersenev E.Yu. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Skachilova S.Ya. ,   All-Union Center for Safety of Biologically Active Substances
Published: November 2020

Two of the five new nicotinic acid derivatives proved to have the antihypoxic properties in tests with mice exposed to acute normobaric hypoxic hypoxia with hypercapnia. Specifically, LKhT 4–19 (100 mg/kg) extended lifetime of the animals by 11 %; LKhT 6-19 doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg extended lifetime by 23 and 34 %, respectively. The antihypoxic effect of LKhT 6–19 (50 mg/kg) outperformed in 1.2 times mexidol (substance of comparison) at the similar dose and was highly competitive at the dose of 100 mg/kg. For reference, mexidol is a 3-hydroxypyridine derivative (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate incorporating, similar to the substances in question, the pyrydine heterocycle). Besides, LKhT 6–19 (100 mg/kg) outperformed mexidol at the similar dose in 1.1 times.