bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The quadrupole moment of compact binaries to the fourth post-Newtonian order: I. Non-locality in time and infra-red divergencies
Authors: Larrouturou François , Henry Quentin , Blanchet Luc , Faye Guillaume
Published: February 2022

With the aim of providing high accuracy post-Newtonian (PN) templates for the analysis of gravitational waves generated by compact binary systems, we complete the analytical derivation of the source type mass quadrupole moment of compact binaries (without spins) at the fourth PN order of general relativity. Similarly to the case of the conservative 4PN equations of motion, we show that the quadrupole moment at that order contains a non-local (in time) contribution, arising from the tail-transported interaction entering the conservative part of the dynamics. Furthermore, we investigate the infra-red (IR) divergences of the quadrupole moment. In a previous work, this moment has been computed using a Hadamard partie finie procedure for the IR divergences, but the knowledge of the conservative equations of motion indicates that those divergences have to be dealt with by means of dimensional regularization. This work thus derives the difference between the two regularization schemes, which has to be added on top of the previous result. We show that unphysical IR poles start to appear at the 3PN order, and we determine all of these up to the 4PN order. In particular, the non-local tail term comes in along with a specific pole at the 4PN order. It will be proven in a companion paper that the poles in the source-type quadrupole are cancelled in the physical radiative type quadrupole moment measured at future null infinity.
Adhesion enhancement strategy for Parylene C substrate by nanograss technique
Authors: Chen Lang , Xu Han , Li Tingyu , Zhang Meixuan , Han Xiao , Jin Yufeng , Wang Wei
Published: February 2022

Parylene C is a commonly used polymer in the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) field because of its excellent barrier property and process compatibility with other microfabrications. Whereas, the poor adhesion of other materials to Parylene C is the urgent challenge that restricts its real applications. This work proposed a strategy to enhance the adhesion between Parylene C or metals and the Parylene C substrate. A short-time oxygen plasma reaction ion etching process with ambient titanium in the etching chamber is introduced between the first layer of Parylene C film deposition (the substrate) and the second Parylene C or metal coatings. Parylene C nanostructures (nanograss) are generated on the substrate because of the oxygen plasma bombarding with sputtered titanium nanoparticles as nanomasks. Different feature sizes of nanograss were successfully obtained by tuning the RF power, oxygen flow rate and etching times. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that both the nanograss density and height (0.61 ± 0.02 μm–0.76 ± 0.03 μm) were positively proportional to the etching time with low RF power (150 W) and oxygen flowrates (60 sscm). Scratch tests are conducted after the second layer of Parylene C or metal coatings to quantitively analyze the adhesion enhancement. The results indicated that the adhesion of both Parylene C and metal on the Parylene C substrate with nanograss structures were enhanced up to around 7 and 15 times, respectively, compared to those on untreated substrates. This nanograss technique-based adhesion enhancement approach is easy-to-realize, robust, chemical-free, precisely controllable, thereby holds promising potentials in various Parylene MEMS applications.
2D materials and heterostructures for photocatalytic water-splitting: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Wang Guangzhao , Chang Junli , Tang Wenyi , Xie Wenjie , Ang Yee Sin
Published: February 2022

Photocatalytic water-splitting for hydrogen generation by sunlight provides a new route to address energy and environmental problems. In recent years, tremendous efforts have been devoted to designing highly efficient water-splitting photocatalysts (PCs). Adequate light absorption, effective photogenerated carrier separation, and sufficiently large overpotentials for water redox are crucial in achieving high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency. These parameters thus strongly influence the design of novel photocatalytic materials. Two-dimensional (2D) PCs have flourished because of their large specific surface area ratio, short carrier migration distance compared to bulk PCs, enormous design flexibility via van der Waals heterostructure (HS) engineering and many other unique capabilities that meet the criteria for high-efficiency STH conversion. In this review, we summarize the recent developments of 2D materials and HSs for water-splitting applications from a theoretical perspective. Specifically, we first discuss a number of 2D materials and HSs employed for water-splitting. We review various strategies of material design to modulate and enhance the photocatalytic performance via improving light harvesting and carrier separation, such as the introduction of defects and dopants, and the application of strain, external electric field, rotation angles and ferroelectric switching. We then discuss the methods to evaluate hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and STH efficiency. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of designing 2D materials and HSs for water-splitting are presented.
On the breakdown process of capacitively coupled plasma in carbon tetrafluoride
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Zhaoyu , Wang Zhijiang , Rao Bo , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: February 2022

Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) in CF4 has been widely used in the semiconductor industry. However, its breakdown process at low pressure has rarely been studied. In this paper, we study the whole CCP breakdown process in CF4 using the 1D implicit particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method. The detailed evolution of the plasma parameters is given, and both the particle balance and power evolution are discussed. The electron density initially grows exponentially, driven by the penetrating electric field. Both the ionization in the discharge gap and the boundary interaction are significant for electron avalanches. The formation of a sheath maximizes the ionization rate and the heating power, which thoroughly changes the field structure. In the post-breakdown phase, the growing negative ion density shrink the sheaths and changes the heating mode from the α mode to the drift-ambipolar mode. The particle generation rate and heating power show a growth trend after a brief decline. The growth of the recombination rate slowly balances the gain and loss of ions, which finally stabilizes the discharge.
Structure of the ion acceleration region in cylindrical Hall thruster plasmas
Authors: Doh Guentae , Kim Holak , Lee Dongho , Park Sanghoo , Mazouffre Stéphane , Choe Wonho
Published: February 2022

We investigated the structure of the ion acceleration region and the shape of the ion velocity distribution function (IVDF) in cylindrical Hall thruster plasmas, using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy on Xe II metastable ions. On the thruster axis, the acceleration front is located deeper than a half-length of the discharge channel length, and the acceleration region reaches up to 3 times the discharge channel length (several centimeters) away from the channel exit, regardless of the discharge condition. It is noteworthy that ion acceleration mostly (more than 70%) takes place outside the discharge channel. The IVDF is close to a single Gaussian inside the discharge channel. It however becomes substantially asymmetric when moving downstream. Double Gaussian distributions including cold and hot ion groups was in good agreement with the measured ion velocity distributions downstream with an R-squared greater than 0.995.
s-wave superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric W3Al2C superconductor: an NMR study
Authors: Tay D , Shang T , Qi Y P , Ying T P , Hosono H , Ott H-R , Shiroka T
Published: February 2022

We report on a microscopic study of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor W3Al2C (with T
c = 7.6 K), mostly by means of 27Al- and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Since in this material the density of states at the Fermi level is dominated by the tungsten’s 5d orbitals, we expect a sizeable spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect. The normal-state electronic properties of W3Al2C resemble those of a standard metal, but with a Korringa product 1/(T
1
T) significantly smaller than that of metallic Al, reflecting the marginal role played by s-electrons. In the superconducting state, we observe a reduction of the Knight shift and an exponential decrease of the NMR relaxation rate 1/T
1, typical of s-wave superconductivity (SC). This is further supported by the observation of a small but distinct coherence peak just below T
c in the 13C NMR relaxation-rate, in agreement with the fully-gapped superconducting state inferred from the electronic specific-heat data well below T
c. The above features are compared to those of members of the same family, in particular, Mo3Al2C, often claimed to exhibit unconventional SC. We discuss why, despite the enhanced SOC, W3Al2C does not show spin-triplet features in its superconducting state and consider the broader consequences of our results for noncentrosymmetric superconductors in general.
Best practices for first-principles simulations of epitaxial inorganic interfaces
Authors: Dardzinski Derek , Yu Maituo , Moayedpour Saeed , Marom Noa
Published: February 2022

At an interface between two materials physical properties and functionalities may be achieved, which would not exist in either material alone. Epitaxial inorganic interfaces are at the heart of semiconductor, spintronic, and quantum devices. First principles simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) can help elucidate the electronic and magnetic properties of interfaces and relate them to the structure and composition at the atomistic scale. Furthermore, DFT simulations can predict the structure and properties of candidate interfaces and guide experimental efforts in promising directions. However, DFT simulations of interfaces can be technically elaborate and computationally expensive. To help researchers embarking on such simulations, this review covers best practices for first principles simulations of epitaxial inorganic interfaces, including DFT methods, interface model construction, interface structure prediction, and analysis and visualization tools.
Ferroelectric control of pseudospin texture in CuInP2S6 monolayer
Authors: Zheng Jun-Ding , Zhao Yi-Feng , Hu He , Shen Yu-Hao , Tan Yi-Fan , Tong Wen-Yi , Xiang Ping-Hua , Zhong Ni , Yue Fang-Yu , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: February 2022

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) plays an important role in condensed matter physics and has potential applications in spintronics devices. In this paper, we study the electronic properties of ferroelectric CuInP2S6 (CIPS) monolayer through first-principles calculations. The result shows that CIPS monolayer is a potential for valleytronics material and we find that the in-plane helical and nonhelical pseudospin texture are induced by the Rashba and Dresselhaus effect, respectively. The chirality of helical pseudospin texture is coupled to the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization. Furthermore, a large spin splitting due to the SOC effect can be found at K valley, which can be regarded as the Zeeman effect under a valley-dependent pseudomagnetic field. The CIPS monolayer with Rashba et al effects provides a good platform for electrically controlled spin polarization physics.
Contactless monitoring of human respiration using infrared thermography and deep learning
Authors: Jagadev Preeti , Naik Shubham , Indu Giri Lalat
Published: February 2022

Objective. To monitor the human respiration rate (RR) using infrared thermography (IRT) and artificial intelligence, in a completely contactless, automated, and non-invasive manner. Approach. The human breathing signals (BS) were obtained using IRT, by plotting the change in temperature occurring across the nostrils during breathing, with respect to time. The RR was monitored under extreme conditions (random head motion, involuntary body movements, etc), by developing deep learning (DL) based ‘Residual network50+Facial landmark detection’ (ResNet 50+FLD) model. This model was built and evaluated on 10 000 thermograms and is the first work that documents the use of a DL classifier on a large thermal dataset for nostril tracking. Further, the acquired BS were filtered using the moving average filter (MAF), and the Butterworth filter (BF), and a comparative analysis of their performance was done. The novel ‘breathing signal characterization algorithm (BSCA)’ was proposed to obtain the RR in an automated manner. This algorithm is the first work that identifies the breaths in the thermal BS as regular, prolonged, or rapid, using machine learning (ML). The ‘exploratory data analysis’ was performed to choose an appropriate ML algorithm for the BSCA. The performance of the ‘BSCA’ was evaluated for both ‘decision tree (DT)’ and ‘support vector machine(SVM)’ models. Main results. The ‘ResNet 50+FLD model’ had Validation and Testing accuracy, of 99.5%, and 99.4% respectively. The Precision, Sensitivity, Specificity, F-measure, and G- mean values were computed as well. The comparative analysis of the filters revealed that the BF performed better than the MAF. The ‘BSCA’ performed better with the SVM classifier, than the DT classifier, with validation accuracy, and testing accuracy of 99.5%, and 98.83%, respectively. Significance. The ever-increasing number of critical cases and the limited availability of skilled medical attendants, advocates in favor of an automated and harmless health monitoring system. The proposed methodology is completely contactless, thus eliminating the risk of infections that spread through contact. There is a wide scope of using this methodology in complete darkness, and in remote areas as well, where there is a lack of medical attendants.
Beam model of Doppler backscattering
Authors: Hall-Chen Valerian H , Parra Felix I , Hillesheim Jon C
Published: February 2022

We use beam tracing—implemented with a newly-written code, Scotty—and the reciprocity theorem to derive a model for the linear backscattered power of the Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostic. Our model works for both the O-mode and X-mode in tokamak geometry (and certain regimes of stellarators). We present the analytical derivation of our model and its implications for the DBS signal localisation and the wavenumber resolution. In determining these two quantities, we find that it is the curvature of the field lines and the magnetic shear that are important, rather than the curvature of the cut-off surface. We also provide an explicit formula for the hitherto poorly-understood quantitative effect of the mismatch angle. Consequently, one can use this model to correct for attenuation due to mismatch, avoiding the need for empirical optimisation. This is especially important in spherical tokamaks, since the magnetic pitch angle is large and varies both spatially and temporally.
Direct detection of dark matter—APPEC committee report*
Authors: Billard Julien , Boulay Mark , Cebrián Susana , Covi Laura , Fiorillo Giuliana , Green Anne , Kopp Joachim , Majorovits Béla , Palladino Kimberly , Petricca Federica , Roszkowski (chair) Leszek , Schumann Marc
Published: February 2022

This report provides an extensive review of the experimental programme of direct detection searches of particle dark matter. It focuses mostly on European efforts, both current and planned, but does it within a broader context of a worldwide activity in the field. It aims at identifying the virtues, opportunities and challenges associated with the different experimental approaches and search techniques. It presents scientific and technological synergies, both existing and emerging, with some other areas of particle physics, notably collider and neutrino programmes, and beyond. It addresses the issue of infrastructure in light of the growing needs and challenges of the different experimental searches. Finally, the report makes a number of recommendations from the perspective of a long-term future of the field. They are introduced, along with some justification, in the opening overview and recommendations section and are next summarised at the end of the report. Overall, we recommend that the direct search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector target should be given top priority in astroparticle physics, and in all particle physics, and beyond, as a positive measurement will provide the most unambiguous confirmation of the particle nature of dark matter in the Universe.
The effect of passivation-layer process to amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors using back-channel etch method
Authors: Xie Yingtao , Cai Kunlin , Chen Penglong , Jian Huan , Weng Jiaming , Hu Junyan
Published: February 2022

In this work, based on the channel damage caused by source/drain etching and passivation-layer deposition, the effects of the passivation-layer process on amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) devices were studied by combining experimental investigation with simulation verification. In terms of experimental exploration, it was found that the back-channel N2O plasma treatment had a significant impact on the performance of the device, which was difficult to control. Hence, to achieve a low cost, the entire back-channel process was directly carried out as two steps of SiO
x
passivation-layer deposition and final thermal annealing. In the aspect of simulation verification, the influence of the passivation-layer deposition radio-frequency (RF) power and the annealing effect on the internal mechanism of the device was studied based on a high-concentration doped defect density of states (DOS) model (doping level was N
D = 1020 cm−3). The experimental results demonstrated that the high-performance of an a-IGZO TFT device can be achieved by adjusting the RF power of SiO
x
passivation-layer deposition. It was more important that annealing after passivation-layer deposition was a critical step in the manufacture of high-performance TFTs. The device exhibited the ideal performance after annealing under 1000 W RF power, with a threshold voltage of 5.65 V, a saturation mobility of 12.87 cm2 V−1s−1, a subthreshold swing of 0.88 V dec−1, and a current on-off ratio of 2.62 × 10°8. In addition, using the DOS model, it was found that the SiO
x
passivation-layer process had a significant impact on the DOS distribution and the carrier distribution in the channel, which in turn caused the threshold voltage to drift. At last, the high uniformity and stability of an a-IGZO TFTs array on glass were characterized.
Tuning the grasping strength of soft actuators with magnetic elastomer fingertips
Authors: Bira Nicholas , Dhagat Pallavi , Davidson Joseph R
Published: February 2022

In this work, we present an approach that uses multifunctional materials to increase the grip strength of soft grippers, while still maintaining the benefits of gripper compliance. Here, magnetic particles embedded in an elastomeric fingertip, or magnetic elastomers (MEs) are shown to increase grasping strength and influence actuation trajectories in soft robotic actuators when coupled with external magnets. Two PneuNet-style actuators with ME fingertips generated up to 45 N of holding force, compared to only 10 N without a magnet. The actuator demonstrated enhanced grip strength while the ME tip was within approximately 13 mm of the magnet. This paper characterizes numerous ME compositions and demonstrates specific applications where MEs expand upon soft robotic actuation methods. Both the opportunities as well as limitations presented by ME composition are discussed at length.
Propagation of picosecond pulses on superconducting transmission line interconnects
*
Authors: Talanov Vladimir V , Knee Derek , Harms David , Perkins Kieran , Urbanas Andrew , Egan Jonathan , Herr Quentin , Herr Anna
Published: February 2022

Interconnects are a major discriminator for superconducting digital technology, enabling energy-efficient data transfer and high-bandwidth heterogeneous integration. We report a method to simulate propagation of picosecond pulses in superconducting passive transmission lines (PTLs). A frequency-domain propagator model obtained from the Ansys high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) field solver is incorporated in a Cadence Spectre circuit model, so that the particular PTL geometry can be simulated in the time-domain. The Mattis Bardeen complex conductivity of the superconductor is encoded in the HFSS field solver as a complex-conductivity insulator. Experimental and simulation results show that Nb 20 Ω microstrip PTLs with 200 nm interlayer dielectric thickness can support propagation of a single-flux-quantum pulse up to 7 mm and a double-flux-quantum pulse up to 28 mm.
Possibility of mechanical fracture of superconducting ring bulks due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation during pulsed-field magnetization
Authors: Shinden Motoki , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Takahashi Keita , Ainslie Mark D
Published: February 2022

During quasi-static magnetization of bulk superconductors using field-cooled magnetization (FCM) from high fields at low temperatures, such bulks are sometimes broken, which is believed to be mainly due to an electromagnetic force—and subsequent stress—larger than the fracture strength. However, a ring bulk can break, even during pulsed field magnetization (PFM), from relatively lower pulsed fields and at relatively higher temperatures. Previous simulation results suggest that the ring bulk should not break due to the electromagnetic force during PFM. In this paper, taking experimental and numerical results into consideration, we propose the possibility of mechanical fracture of a ring bulk during PFM due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation, which has not been considered and investigated to date. Two numerical models with different sizes of heat-generating region were constructed for the ring bulk with a relatively large inner diameter (60 mm outer diameter, 36 mm inner diameter, 17 mm height). For Model-1, with a large heat region, the bulk fracture due to the thermal stress results from the tensile stress along the radial direction in the neighboring heat region. The risk of bulk fracture is enhanced at the inner or outer edges of the bulk surface, compared with that inside the bulk. For Model-2, with a small heat region inside the bulk, the bulk fracture due to the thermal stress results from the compressive stress along the radial direction in the neighboring heat region. These results strongly suggest the possibility of mechanical fracture of an actual ring bulk due to thermal stress induced by local heat generation. This idea is also applicable more generally to the fracture mechanism during FCM of superconducting bulks.
Isochronous data link across a superconducting Nb flex cable with 5 femtojoules per bit*
Authors: Dai Haitao , Kegerreis Corey , Wehella Gamage Deepal , Egan Jonathan , Nielsen Max , Chen Yuan , Tuckerman David , Peek Sherman E , Yelamanchili Bhargav , Hamilton Michael , Das Rabindra N , Herr Anna , Herr Quentin
Published: February 2022

Interconnect properties position superconducting digital circuits to build large, high performance, power efficient digital systems. We report a board-to-board communication data link, which is a critical technological component that has not yet been addressed. Synchronous communication on chip and between chips mounted on a common board is enabled by the superconducting resonant clock/power network for Reciprocal Quantum Logic circuits. The data link is extended to board-to-board communication using isochronous communication, where there is a common frequency between boards but the relative phase is unknown. Our link uses over-sampling and configurable delay at the receiver to synchronize to the local clock phase. A single-bit isochronous data link has been demonstrated on-chip through a transmission line, and on a multi-chip module through a superconducting tape between driver and receiver with variable phase offset. Measured results demonstrated correct functionality with a clock margin of 3 dB at 3.6 GHz, and with 5 fJ bit−1at 4.2 K.
Nanomechanics driven by the superconducting proximity effect
Authors: Bahrova O M , Kulinich S I , Gorelik L Y , Shekhter R I , Park H C
Published: February 2022

We consider a nanoelectromechanical weak link composed of a carbon nanotube suspended above a trench in a normal metal electrode and positioned in a gap between two superconducting leads. The nanotube is treated as a movable single-level quantum dot (QD) in which the position-dependent superconducting order parameter is induced as a result of Cooper pair tunneling. We show that in such a system, self-sustained bending vibrations can emerge if a bias voltage is applied between normal and superconducting electrodes. The occurrence of this effect crucially depends on the direction of the bias voltage and the relative position of the QD level. We also demonstrate that the nanotube vibrations strongly affect the dc current through the system, a characteristic that can be used for the direct experimental observation of the predicted phenomenon.
Calculating the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Flights: A Comparative Study of Existing Protocols
Authors: Iken N , Aguessy F-X
Published: February 2022

To better understand the climate issues associated with aviation, several protocols for assessing greenhouse gas emissions from flights have been developed by various organisations. This multiplicity leads to variable and inconsistent results from one method to another. Yet few comparative studies exist in the grey and academic literature to highlight and understand this variability. This paper focuses on 6 calculation protocols (myclimate, atmosfair, and ICAO among others) and compares the methodological choices of each of them to partly explain the variability of results. We found that for most of the parameters that influence the outcomes, the 6 protocols all have different methodological choices, some of which (such as those of ICAO and DGAC) lead to underestimation of CO2 emissions. We conclude that the most appropriate protocol depends on the purpose of the calculation (carbon offsetting, comparison of different modes of transport or influence on travel behaviour).
Co-Al and Mn-Fe Catalytic Steam Reforming of CH3OH to H2
Authors: Li Zehao , Zhang Huili , Dewil Raf , Deng Yimin , Li Shuo
Published: February 2022

Catalytic production of hydrogen by steam methanol reforming (SMR) is an attractive option for specific applications in fuel cells, decentralized generation of H2 or localized boosting of the energy content of digestion gas. Supported metal catalysts integrate the endothermic methanol steam reforming with the exothermic Boudouard reaction. The paper reviews the fundamentals of SMR, develops 2 self-made, cheap and efficient catalysts, and demonstrates that high H2 yields with low CO and CO2 by-product formation. Present methanol reformers are mostly of the packed bed type which suffer from problems of temperature gradients within the catalyst bed and a slow response during start up and transients. In using a vibrated fluidized bed of the micron-size catalysts, a uniform bed temperature is achieved. More than 600 L/hr of hydrogen can be generated at methanol conversions in excess of 95%. A too high space velocity in the catalytic bed significantly reduces the methanol conversion, however without affecting the H2 yields. The assessed systems clearly merit pilot plant research.
Analysis of the Use of RES for Heating and Cooling in Different Climatic Zones in Poland and Spain
Authors: Lubowicka B , Krawczyk D A , Rodero A
Published: February 2022

Energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings depends on climatic conditions. This paper compares heat losses and gains for four locations - two in Poland and two in Spain. Results shown similar cool load in three variants: Burgos in Spain and Bialystok and Wroclaw in Poland, while the highest cool load was recorded in Cordoba (Spain). In case of winter season, also results obtained in Cordoba differed significantly and its heat load was more than twice lower than in other cases. Economic comparison was prepared for two variants: first – heating with a gas boiler and cooling with multi-split air conditioners and second – heating and cooling with a reversible air-water heat pump. Taking into account national prises the total cost of heating and cooling was estimated and found higher for both analysed in Spanish locations, especially high in Cordoba due to high annual demand for cooling. Using reversible air-water heat pump is definitely more favourable than gas boiler with multi-split. For Polish locations it gives 17.4% - 24.6% cost reduction, whereas for Cordoba annual operating costs are more than twice lower when using a reversible heat pump.
Analyzing the Luminous Environment in a University Campus in Biskra, Algeria: A Pilot Study
Authors: Boucherit S , Berkouk D , Bouzir Tak , Khelil S
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to assess and analyze the indoor, semi-outdoor, and outdoor luminous environments of a Biskra university campus, to determine the relationship between these three luminous environments in terms of contrast and brightness, and to evaluate the perception and the occupant’s luminous comfort. This preliminary study is essentially based on a subjective assessment using in situ survey. In order to make a quantitative and qualitative evaluation, this research is based on the analysis of digital images of selected spaces. Findings show that the risk of discomfort due to glare is higher in outdoor spaces, whereas the risk of contrast discomfort is higher in the semi-outdoor spaces, while the risks of discomfort from the low quantity of daylight are higher in indoor spaces. The findings of this research also invite to study the physical dimensions of the environment to make a multisensory evaluation of the university campus occupants in regions with hot and arid climates.
Climate Impacts on Quality of 6 kV Overhead Lines Operating at Mining Companies
Authors: Antonenkov D V , Biketova E A , Kiushkina V R , Solovev D B
Published: February 2022

Technological innovation in the mining industry involves the extensive use of new high-power, energy-intensive, and high-performance mining machinery that should be reliable in its operation. The key mining company equipment includes mining excavators, drilling rigs, crushing and screening units, and mine drainage facilities. Providing the fault-free power supply and the efficient operation of the electrical infrastructure of a mining company is a priority, and it depends on the quality of the power supply system and its elements.

Power supply system failures reduce the operational efficiency of mining machinery, processing sections, and the mining company as a whole, which results in reduced power consumption, uneven loading schedule, failures to meet the output plans, and increased prime costs for the products.

The analysis of the electrical infrastructure power supply system at a mining company shall help us assess the quality of operations and their efficiency and develop actions to reduce the idle times of electrical equipment, provide uninterrupted power supply and plan the activities of the mining company in the wholesale electrical power market more accurately.
Improvement of Emergency Oil Spill Management Technology
Authors: Kh Kurbangaleeva M
Published: February 2022

As a result of the study, the main causes of emergencies at oil fields were analyzed. Most often, emergency spills occur due to violations of the tightness of field pipelines. Basically, accidents occur from pipe wear due to internal corrosion under the influence of oil and oil products. In the paper, existing methods of oil spills elimination are considered. In order to reduce the negative impact of oil spills on the environment, it is necessary to pay special attention to the study of methods for containment of spilled oil and eliminating the consequences of emergencies and to developing a set of necessary measures. Today, there is a large selection of sorbents offered by various companies. For rapid oil gathering in case of emergency spills, it is proposed to use a biological sorbent “Peat-sorb” based on peat sphagnum moss which has the ability to self-biodegrade the absorbed hydrocarbons.
Assessment of the Ecological State of Soils Near the Platinum Deposit
Authors: Golovkin S S , Shevtsov M N , Makhinova A F , Makhinov A I
Published: February 2022

The research is devoted to the ecological state of soil resources in the area of the Konder platinum placer deposit in the Khabarovsk Territory. The environmental impact of the Konder mine activities was established based on chemical analyses performed. In general, the study has demonstrated that the Konder field development and operation cause a complex multicomponent pollution of the landscapes. The pollution is more than local in nature, since the environmental problem related to violation of soil resources and to chemical contamination of soils and natural watercourses in areas of mineral development is becoming increasingly acute. As a result of the studies, geochemical features of the soil space and the main sources and factors of the soil contamination have been determined.
Influence of Broken Condition and Instability of the Excavation Site Parameters on the Reliability of the Breakage Face
Authors: Bulgakov A , Evsiukova A , Kolesnichenko E
Published: February 2022

This article presents a method for determining the influence of disturbance and instability of the parameters of the excavation site on the reliability of the work of the treatment face. To determine the impact of disturbance and instability of the parameters of the excavation site on the reliability of the treatment face, a method was model for calculating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of violations. The general assessment of the reliability of the operation of the technological scheme of treatment works in the dredging areas with changing mining and geological conditions is the sum of the partial estimates of its operation in the areas with stable and unstable operating conditions. The change in the readiness coefficient on the disturbed parts of the excavation site is determined, depending on the magnitude of the influence of geological disturbances on the rate of lava movement. The analysis of some results of the problem under study, obtained using the proposed methodology, is given. The dependence was established that the readiness coefficient decreases most intensively at large values of the ratio, and then the intensity of the decrease decreases towards smaller values
The Produce Organic Product as Strategic Elements of System Provision Security
Authors: Kovaleva I V , Galkin D G
Published: February 2022

Food security is a strategic element of the state’s economic policy, which allows to provide quality food not only to the population of the state, but also to carry out export activities. The growing trend of demand for ecological products all over the world allows Russia to develop the production of organic and ecologically clean products, occupying a stable segment in the world market. Organic agriculture is the most popular alternative to traditional agriculture in the world; the volume of the global organic food market has been increasing annually for a long time. An analytical review of the state of the world and national markets for organic agricultural products is presented in various aspects: agricultural land area, concentration of producers, international trade. The place of Russia in the world market of organic agricultural products has been determined. The key trends, problems and prospects for the development of organic agricultural production in Russia are highlighted. The presented data demonstrate the continuation of the positive trend in demand for organic products in developed countries. The Russian market is characterized by the following: high average annual growth rates of organic lands; increasing the share of land for the production of organic agricultural products; unstable number of producers; stabilization of the volume of the internal market for organic products at the level of 120 million euro; stabilization of the export volume of organic products at the level of 4 million euro. The production of organic products is advisable in local product markets, since the production of organic products is a product with high added value, increased requirements for certification of organic products and a narrow segment of consumers.
Safety Assessment of Technical Objects and Systems Using Fuzzy Logic Methods
Authors: Dubinin E F , Kuksova V I
Published: February 2022

To assess and analyze safety of engineering facilities, systems and the level of risks in the manmade environment, it is often necessary to study the influence of various weakly formalized factors. In this case, when modeling risk, it is advisable to use methods of fuzzy logic. Fuzzy methods make it possible to represent risk, defined as a combination of the probability of an emergency and the measure of its consequences, as a function of fuzzy variable. This makes it possible to develop fuzzy models describing the relationship between parameters of technical facilities and their safety level in accordance with various risk criteria. The paper provides examples of assessing the influence of the reliability of a technical system on the level of societal risk for personnel as well as the influence of the level of facility protection on the level of risk generated by it. The aspects of formalization of indicators characterizing the reliability of the human operator are also considered. These aspects are further used for modeling risk. The considered procedures can be made more sophisticated by expanding the space of factors, taking into account linkages among them and embedding the obtained fuzzy sets into a hierarchical cognitive risk model.
Transport Safety Is One of the Main Aspects of EU Transport Policy
Authors: Kislitsyna N F , Karapetyants I V , Romanova A T , Rasskazova E E
Published: February 2022

The article covers a relevant topic, since transport has been considered as a source of increased danger throughout its existence. In this regard, the maximum focus on transport security is required from participants in the transportation process as well as from developers of the international transport legal framework. The paper highlights one important feature of transport security, such as a “no-fault liability.” This type of responsibility is applied because transport, as a key sector of the economy of States, is given the status of a “source of an increased danger.” The consolidation of such status in the law is necessary, since it fundamentally changes the system of normative and legal acts developed by States and international organizations. Moreover, the corresponding efforts of the European Union Member States are being analyzed to illustrate specific approaches, taking into account the peculiarities of the region. In general, regional cooperation allows all actors of international law to identify and adapt to the nuances of a particular region. Knowing all the specifics, the subjects of these international legal relations will be able to develop more effective rules of conduct. The European Union continues to be one of the most interesting integration organizations. The very fact that this association has both primary and secondary law confirms the EU’s capacity to implement the most advanced and innovative goals and ideas. In this regard, the issue of transport security is being implemented at the highest level. All the more so, all the acts adopted within the framework of the EU are binding for each Member State of the EU. Thus, the level of transport security in the EU member states is also high.
Analysis and Generalization of Experience in the Application of Technologies for Supporting Mine Workings in Difficult Mining and Geological Conditions
Authors: Kalmykov V N , Zubkov A A , Volkov P V , Korneev S A
Published: February 2022

An analysis of the technologies for securing mine workings in difficult mining and geological conditions has been conducted. The options for fastening with the use of self-fastening roof bolting in combination with reinforced cages and metal meshes are considered; sprayed concrete, applied according to the technologies of “dry” and “wet” sprayed concrete; fiberglass and basalt-plastic roof bolting; plugging of rocks in difficult hydrogeological conditions.
Research of Eastern Siberia Oils with the Use of Infrared Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Beloerova O V , Kim B V
Published: February 2022

Oil is a multicomponent mixture and infrared spectroscopy may be one of the most instant methods for determining the classes of hydrocarbon compounds. Oil consists of organic and mineral compounds. It is found in all types of rocks and can be met in the most unexpected places. The rate and volume of oil and gas production depends on many factors involving natural and man-made ones. The forecast for the development of fluid systems of various types and for their regimes plays an important part in assessing water resources, their management conditions, and for designing and developing hydrocarbon deposits. Currently, Eastern Siberia is one of the most attractive regions for investors [1-3]. There is one of the largest Russian oil and gas basins belonging to the Siberian platform in the Irkutsk region [4-6]. This work presents the study of Eastern Siberia oils with the use of infrared spectroscopy in order to determine the chemical group composition and spectral indices of oils.
Formation of Aggregated Scientific and Theoretical Approaches to Improving the Quality of Urban Passenger Transport on the Example of Vladivostok City
Authors: Shirokorad O , Arkhipov S , Volodkin P , Semchugova E
Published: February 2022

The article describes the processes of forming a scientific and practical approach in the formation of transport services in city passenger transport and gives the procedure for applying the Federal social standard of transport services, as well as an approach for an integrated indicator of t he quality of passenger traffic.

In addition, an analytical and mathematical model for calculating the optimal parameters of the structure of passenger transport in conditions of an uneven level of service in Vladivostok is presented.
Biological Characteristics of the Cattle Fed with Organomineral Fodder Additives in the Conditions of Yakutia
Authors: Grigorev M F , Grigoreva A I
Published: February 2022

The evidence-based analysis has revealed that feed stresses are one of the main reasons of a low cattle’s productivity. Scientists justify the need for the study the reason and nature of feed stresses, which is the primary source of animal metabolic disorder. The article presents the results of the studies on the effect of organomineral fodder additives from local natural resources on behavioral reaction and changes of hair-covering hair, which reflect the degree of cattle adaptation to the extreme continental climate. 3 young cattle groups have been formed and divided into equal subgroups for the experiments. The organomineral fodder additives have had a positive effect on feeding behavior, increased the cattle’s appetite and formed a better heat exchange thanks to the hair-covering hair.
Analysis of Correlation between Waste Accumulation and Countries Welfare Level
Authors: Shershneva E G
Published: February 2022

The article considers the results of countries analysis by progressiveness degree of waste management based on the correlation between changes in the volume of waste accumulation and indicators of wealth. The author’s novelty is systematization of quantitative and qualitative criteria for analysis and grouping of countries by the effectiveness of waste handling system. As a result of the comparative analysis, three groups of countries are presented: “Green” - European countries with a small population and high level of welfare, with an effective waste management system and a positive decoupling effect, but there is a problem of increasing the volume of waste per capita (Denmark, Sweden and Belgium). “Yellow” group consist of large European countries and Japan, where there is less waste per capita, a responsible approach to recycling and limiting plastic, but there is a problem of proportional growth in welfare and waste. “Red” group includes countries with a large population and problem of increasing the total waste volume, inefficient waste management and low level of recycling (China, USA and Russia). The study showed that the introduction of effective waste management (collection, recycling, waste culture) can be reduced the change index of personal waste and at the same time increase the change index of gross domestic product (per capita).
Methodological Aspects of Managing a Geological Study of Subsoil and Forming a Database for a Geological and Economic Map of the Mineral Resource Potential of Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Dadykin V S , Dadykina O V , Gerashenkova T M , Skantsev V M
Published: February 2022

Managing the process of geological exploration of subsoil has now undergone significant changes. Over the period of applying information technologies in the geological industry, notable changes have occurred in the structure of the subsoil management system, which were expressed in solving organizational issues of the system design, choosing the structure of methodological tools, selecting a software and hardware platform, etc. At present, a significant difficulty is to solve the issue of creating a control system for the geological study process of subsoil and to reproduce mineral resources at the regional level, where the reserve disposal should be compensated by their growth. This is the idea of a simple reproduction of the raw materials base. For a number of raw materials, even such an increase is currently not achievable; regional programmes for a geological exploration of subsoil are formed by extrapolating last year’s indicators or there are no such programmes at all. The authors have developed a control system model for the geological exploration process of subsoil and formed a system of indicators in the form of a database for a geological and economic map of the mineral resource potential (using the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). This work was supported by the grant No. MD-2409.2020.5 given by the President of the Russian Federation.
Evaluation of Impact Beetroot Pulp Obtained as a By-Product of Sugar Production Has on Quality of Grey Forest Soil
Authors: Tuchkova L E , Verkhovets I A , Tikhoykina I M , Chuvasheva E S
Published: February 2022

This article studies the impact of beetroot pulp as a by-product of sugar production on the soil cover. The results of soil cover analysis and the nutritional properties of grey forest soil in Oryol Oblast show that beetroot pulp can be used as an organic fertilizer. The manganese content was within the MAC in all of the samples, however, the background value was exceeded, which means that manganese can accumulate in the soil. The plot in question is an increased-risk agricultural land susceptible to biological pollution and polluted with heavy metals. The overall soil cover pollution with manganese is at the average level. It is possible to use the pulp as an organic fertilizer on a long-term basis provided the content of heavy metals in the soil is strictly controlled.