bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unified Materials Information System (UMIS): An Integrated Material Stocks and Flows Data Structure
Authors: Myers Rupert J. , Fishman Tomer , Reck Barbara K. , Graedel T. E.
Published: February 2018

Modern society depends on the use of many diverse materials. Effectively managing these materials is becoming increasingly important and complex, from the analysis of supply chains, to quantifying their environmental impacts, to understanding future resource availability. Material stocks and flows data enable such analyses, but currently exist mainly as discrete packages, with highly varied type, scope, and structure. These factors constitute a powerful barrier to holistic integration and thus universal analysis of existing and yet to be published material stocks and flows data. We present the Unified Materials Information System (UMIS) to overcome this barrier by enabling material stocks and flows data to be comprehensively integrated across space, time, materials, and data type independent of their disaggregation, without loss of information, and avoiding double counting. UMIS can therefore be applied to structure diverse material stocks and flows data and their metadata across material systems analysis methods such as material flow analysis (MFA), input‐output analysis, and life cycle assessment. UMIS uniquely labels and visualizes processes and flows in UMIS diagrams; therefore, material stocks and flows data visualized in UMIS diagrams can be individually referenced in databases and computational models. Applications of UMIS to restructure existing material stocks and flows data represented by block flow diagrams, system dynamics diagrams, Sankey diagrams, matrices, and derived using the economy‐wide MFA classification system are presented to exemplify use. UMIS advances the capabilities with which complex quantitative material systems analysis, archiving, and computation of material stocks and flows data can be performed.
Understanding drug interactions with St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): impact of hyperforin content
Authors: Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun , Vlachojannis Julia , McLachlan Andrew J
Published: February 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to review herb–drug interaction studies with St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) with a focus on the hyperforin content of the extracts used in these studies.

Methods

PUBMED was systematically searched to identify studies describing pharmacokinetic interactions involving St John's wort. Data on study design and the St John's wort extract or product were gathered to extract hyperforin content and daily dose used in interaction studies.

Key findings

This analysis demonstrates that significant herb–drug interactions (resulting in a substantial change in systemic exposure) with St John's wort products were associated with hyperforin daily dosage. Products that had a daily dose of <1 mg hyperforin were less likely to be associated with major interaction for drugs that were CYP3A4 or p-glycoprotein substrates. Although a risk of interactions cannot be excluded even for low-dose hyperforin St. John's wort extracts, the use of products that result in a dose of not more than 1 mg hyperforin per day is recommended to minimise the risk of interactions.

Conclusions

This review highlights that the significance of herb–drug interactions with St John's wort is influenced by the nature of the herbal medicines product, particularly the hyperforin content.
The impact of Juncker's reorganization of the European Commission on the internal policy‐making process: Evidence from the Energy Union project
Authors: Bürgin Alexander
Published: February 2018

Using illustrations from Energy Union‐related legislative initiatives, this article argues that organizational reforms have led to a more top‐down approach in the steering of the European Commission, allowing Commission President Juncker a more centralized internal leadership than his predecessor Barroso. Interviews with EU policy‐makers revealed two main findings. First, the new filter functions of the seven Vice‐Presidents and the Secretariat‐General have contributed to a more top‐down policy formulation process. Second, horizontal coordination has been improved by the implementation of project teams, and by the abolition of a separate Commissioner for Climate Action. Consequently, the level of ambition of the Commission's policy agenda now depends more than in the past on the Commission President's priorities.
Transcriptome‐wide comparison of selenium hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Stanleya species provides new insight into key processes mediating the hyperaccumulation syndrome
Authors: Wang Jiameng , Cappa Jennifer J. , Harris Jonathan P. , Edger Patrick P. , Zhou Wen , Pires J. Chris , Adair Michael , Unruh Sarah A. , Simmons Mark P. , Schiavon Michela , Pilon‐Smits Elizabeth A. H.
Published: February 2018

To obtain better insight into the mechanisms of selenium hyperaccumulation in Stanleya pinnata, transcriptome‐wide differences in root and shoot gene expression levels were investigated in S. pinnata and related nonaccumulator Stanleya elata grown with or without 20 μm selenate. Genes predicted to be involved in sulphate/selenate transport and assimilation or in oxidative stress resistance (glutathione‐related genes and peroxidases) were among the most differentially expressed between species; many showed constitutively elevated expression in S. pinnata. A number of defence‐related genes predicted to mediate synthesis and signalling of defence hormones jasmonic acid (JA, reported to induce sulphur assimilatory and glutathione biosynthesis genes), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene were also more expressed in S. pinnata than S. elata. Several upstream signalling genes that up‐regulate defence hormone synthesis showed higher expression in S. pinnata than S. elata and might trigger these selenium‐mediated defence responses. Thus, selenium hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance in S. pinnata may be mediated by constitutive, up‐regulated JA, SA and ethylene‐mediated defence systems, associated with elevated expression of genes involved in sulphate/selenate uptake and assimilation or in antioxidant activity. Genes pinpointed in this study may be targets of genetic engineering of plants that may be employed in biofortification or phytoremediation.
Anosognosia in mild Alzheimer's disease is correlated with not only neural dysfunction but also compensation
Authors: Tagai Kenji , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Kada Hidehiro , Inamura Keisuke , Nagata Tomoyuki , Nakayama Kazuhiko
Published: February 2018

Background

Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complicated, non‐unitary phenomenon. In a clinical setting, patients with mild AD often preserve their awareness partially. We hypothesized that compensation, as well as neural dysfunction, could be correlated with anosognosia in mild AD.

Methods

The severity of anosognosia was evaluated using the Anosognosia Questionnaire for Dementia in 37 subjects with mild AD or mild cognitive impairment due to AD. The subjects also underwent single‐photon emission computed tomography with N‐isopropyl‐p‐[123I]iodoamphetamine. Correlation between the severity of anosognosia and perfusion was assessed, and anosognosia (+) and (−) groups were compared.

Results

The severity of anosognosia was relatively mild; the mean Anosognosia Questionnaire for Dementia score was 6.76 ± 14.16. Subjects were divided into two groups: anosognosia (+) (n = 11) and anosognosia (−) (n = 26). In the single‐photon emission computed tomography data analysis, the severity of anosognosia was correlated with both lower regional cerebral blood flows of the right prefrontal cortex and higher regional cerebral blood flows of the parietal cortex, especially the left temporo‐parietal junction.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that anosognosia in mild AD could be correlated with compensation as well as neural dysfunction. We speculate that this compensation may be related to the retrieval of outdated autobiographical memory.
Reliability and structural validity of the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Nursing Home version
Authors: Chen Suhong , Lin Kai , Wang Hanxiao , Yamakawa Miyae , Makimoto Kiyoko , Liao Xiaoyan
Published: February 2018

Background

With the increasing number of dementia patients in China, there is a pressing need for a reliable and valid Chinese instrument that can measure neuropsychiatric symptoms in institutionalized dementia patients. This study examined the reliability and structural validity of the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Nursing Home version (NPI‐NH), in a sample of institutionalized dementia patients in China.

Methods

A total of 112 residents with dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating = 1: 10.7%; Clinical Dementia Rating = 2: 39.3%; Clinical Dementia Rating = 3: 50.0%) and 30 informants participated in this cross‐sectional study. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s α and intra‐class correlation coefficient. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the inventory.

Results

Of the patients, 92.9% had at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. Apathy (57%) was the most common symptom. The Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Nursing Home version, showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α for the total scale, frequency, severity, and disturbance subscales were 0.64, 0.70, 0.73, and 0.80, respectively) and test–retest reliability (intra‐class correlation coefficient for the total scale, frequency, severity, and disturbance subscales were 0.93, 0.92, 0.89, and 0.91, respectively). Five factors—psychomotor behaviour, affective symptoms, psychosis, sleep disorders, and eating disorders—were identified for the total scale. The cluster symptoms aggression and irritability, depression and anxiety, and delusions and hallucinations were three of the optimally stable groups of symptoms.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Nursing Home version, is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating neuropsychiatric symptoms in institutionalized dementia patients.
In direct breach of managerial edicts: a practice approach to creative deviance in professional service firms
Authors: Sarpong David , Appiah Gloria , Bi Jianxiang , Botchie David
Published: February 2018

Drawing on practice as a meta‐theoretical lens, we explore creative deviance (CD): wilful violation of managerial orders by employee(s) to pursue creative ideas. Data for our inquiry comes from in‐depth interviews with middle managers and employees in two professional service firms (PSFs). We argue that two distinct organising processes are necessary for the emergence of CD in practice: organising configuration and formalisation of R&D processes. We develop these dimensions to produce a typology of interrelated ideal types of outcomes when employees are explicitly instructed to stop pursuing an idea. We found three salient organising practices (technical concerns for efficiency and metrics, suppression of metistic knowledge and disjointed managerial responses to violations of sanctioned organising procedures), which may operate in combination or serially, to foster CD in practice. We conclude with some key implications for the theory and practice of creativity in PSFs.
Illegal bowling actions contribute to performance in cricket finger‐spin bowlers
Authors: Spratford Wayne , Elliott Bruce , Portus Marc , Brown Nicholas , Alderson Jacqueline
Published: February 2018

With advances in technology, scientists are now able to more accurately measure elbow displacement changes during the cricket bowling action. This has led to the realization that the majority of bowlers undergo some degree of elbow extension during the forward swing phase of bowling. Consequently, the International Cricket Council were obliged to revise the once zero tolerance for elbow extension threshold to a 15° range. However, it is still not understood if bowling with >15° of elbow extension aids performance or alters other kinematic movements. The purpose of this study was to compare performance and technique measures between legal and illegal finger‐spin bowlers. Data were collected from 48 pathway and elite bowlers using a 22‐camera motion analysis system. Results indicated that the ball velocity and revolutions at ball release of pathway bowlers with illegal actions showed no significant difference and were similar to elite legal bowlers. Technique differences were also identified, with illegal bowlers being more front‐on, forcing a reliance on increased elbow flexion and supination to impart effective ball kinematics at ball release. The performance benefit of greater ball velocity and revolutions is obtained when finger‐spin bowlers deliver the ball with more than the allowable 15° of elbow extension, thus reinforcing the validity of the current bowling laws. To counteract bowling with an illegal action, it is recommended that a more side‐on technique at back foot impact and rotating the trunk through to the point of ball release will assist bowlers in reducing undesirable elbow extension levels.
The effects of two different types of bandage contact lenses on the healthy canine eye
Authors: Braus Barbara Katharina , Riedler Daniela , Tichy Alexander , Spergser Joachim , Schwendenwein Ilse
Published: February 2018

Objective

To compare two types of bandage contact lenses on the healthy canine eye.

Animals studied

Six healthy Beagles.

Procedures

Two different types of bandage contact lenses (single sized human silicone contact lens ‘PureVision 2’ (Bausch & Lomb Incorporated, Rochester, NY, USA) and specially designed veterinary hydrogel contact lens ‘AcriVet Pat D’ (Bausch & Lomb Incorporated) were placed in 12 eyes of healthy Beagle dogs. Retention times and the effects of the lenses regarding irritation of the eye, changes in tear production, impact of contact lenses on tonometric readings, and cytologic and microbiological alterations of the canine eye were investigated.

Results

Mean retention times for veterinary hydrogel lenses with special dimensions were significantly shorter (2 days) than for one size human silicon lenses (8.8 days). Irritation scores were overall low for both types of lenses apart from one human lens causing severe irritation and keratoconjunctivitis as a sequel to folding and displacement. Tear production remained stable in human contact lenses. Intraocular pressure readings with a contact lens in place were only slightly altered; the most accurate readings were obtained through a human lens with an applanation tonometer. Cytology revealed a slight, nonsignificant increase in neutrophilic granulocytes with both types of lenses; the microflora did not change significantly.

Discussion

Human silicone lenses have significantly longer retention times and are less expensive than veterinary hydrogel lenses. In regard to irritation, bacterial growth and inflammation, both types of lenses can be recommended for use in canine eyes.
Psychometric properties of health related quality of life measures in acute coronary syndrome patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Brasil Virginia , Oliveira Gabriela , Moraes Katarinne Lima
Published: February 2018

Review question/objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the psychometric properties and clinical utility of patient-reported outcome measures that assess health-related quality of life in patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.
Cost-effectiveness of the antimicrobial treatment for inpatients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase: a systematic review protocol
Authors: dos Santos Wendel Mombaque , Matuoka Jessica Yumi , Secoli Silvia Regina
Published: February 2018

Review question/objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy treatment for inpatients infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase.

More specifically, the review question is: What is the best evidence on the cost-effectiveness of the antimicrobial treatment for inpatients infected with Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase?”
Effectiveness of universal hyperbilirubinemia screening on newborn health: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Khurshid Faiza , Medves Jennifer
Published: February 2018

Review question/objective:

The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of the universal hyperbilirubinemia screening program on common newborn health outcomes.

Specifically, the review will assess: the incidence of severe hyperbilirubinemia/kernicterus/exchange transfusion, rate of readmission due to jaundice, length of hospital stay on birth admission, rate and utilization of phototherapy during birth hospitalization, and jaundice related emergency visits.
Use of a standardized care communication checklist during multidisciplinary rounds in pediatric cardiac intensive care: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Boydston Julianna
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

This project aimed to improve thoroughness and continuity of care of patients in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Specific objectives were to increase support of clinical nurse and family participation in multidisciplinary rounds (MDR), as well as full use of a multi-component Complex Care Checklist (CCC) by all nurses in this unit.

Introduction:

Communication and collaboration are paramount for safe care and positive outcomes of critically ill patients hospitalized in intensive care units. Nurse participation in daily patient rounding enhances individualized goal-setting. Concomitant use of a communication checklist promotes comprehensive delivery of care.

Methods:

Evidence-based audit criteria were developed for this project which used the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) tools for promoting change in health practice. Direct observation of MDR processes was used to conduct a baseline and post-implementation audit. Intervention strategies relied primarily on nurse education tactics.

Results:

Although attending physicians’ and charge nurses’ support and facilitation of clinical nurse presence during MDR rose substantially to 95% compliance, only moderate compliance (67%) was demonstrated for clinical nurses’ attendance at and participation in MDR. Compliance with nurses’ report of the patient's daily care plan and completion of CCC components during MDR improved moderately (52% and 54%). Family attendance at MDR did not improve.

Conclusions:

Project aims of enhanced thoroughness and continuity of care of patients with congenital heart defects were realized through an improved MDR process enhanced with a care communication checklist and clinical nurse participation. With the support of attending physicians and charge nurses, clinical nurses felt more empowered to address care concerns during MDR. The project outcomes indicated further activities are needed to assist nurses with a higher level of participating in MDR and using the CCC to its full potential. Continued evolution of the rounding process is imperative to adapting to patient needs and improving care.
Dynamic Reliability Evaluation of Nonrepairable Multistate Weighted k-Out-of-n System With Dependent Components Based on Copula
Authors: Zhuang Xinchen , Yu Tianxiang , Shen Linjie , Guo Bozhi
Published: February 2018

As a common type system, multistate weighted k-out-of-n system is of great importance in reliability engineering. The components are usually treated as independent from each other. It is usually not that case in real life and the components are dependent. On the other hand, the performance of the components degrades over time, leading to the change of the components' weight at the same time. As a result, the present paper provides a method to evaluate the dynamic reliability of multistate weighted k-out-of-n: G system with s-dependent components. The degradation of the components follows a Markov process and the components are nonrepairable. Copula function is used to model the s-dependence of the components. The LZ-transform for a discrete-state continuous-time Markov process is combined, and the explicit expression for the survival function and the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the system is obtained. A small electricity generating system is studied based on our method in the illustration, and detailed comparison result is made for dependent case and independent case. Dynamic reliability with varied levels of electricity generation conforming to the actual situation for this generating system is also calculated.
Explanation of the Influence of Inflow Air Content on the Lift of Cavitating Hydrofoils
Authors: Amromin Eduard
Published: February 2018

According to several known experiments, an increase of the incoming flow air content can increase the hydrofoil lift coefficient. The presented theoretical study shows that such increase is associated with the decrease of the fluid density at the cavity surface. This decrease is caused by entrainment of air bubbles to the cavity from the surrounding flow. The theoretical results based on such explanation are in a good agreement with the earlier published experimental data for NACA0015.
Transient Pressure Analysis of a Prototype Pump Turbine: Field Tests and Simulation
Authors: Hu Jinhong , Yang Jiandong , Zeng Wei , Yang Jiebin
Published: February 2018

The transient behaviors of a prototype pump turbine are very important to the safe operation of a pumped-storage power plant. This is because the water hammer pressure during transient events affects the pressure surges in the spiral case (SC) and the draft tube (DT). In addition, the transient pressure pulsations in the vaneless space (VL) are important in the evaluation of the life of the runner. Although several detailed studies have been conducted on the water hammer pressure of a hydropower plant, very few have considered the transient pressure pulsations that occur in the pump turbine. The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the transient pressure pulsations of a 300-MW prototype Francis pump turbine during load rejection and power failure. For this purpose, the frequency features in the steady-state were first analyzed using fast Fourier transform. A Savitzky–Golay filter was then used to extract the water hammer pressure and pulsating pressure from the acquired raw pressure signals. Further, a one-dimensional (1D) method of characteristics (MOC) mathematical model of the pump-turbine was established and used to simulate the transient variations of the flow discharge during transient events, to enable the division of the transient operation conditions into several domains. Finally, the characteristics of the transient pressure pulsations in the SC, vaneless space, and DT were investigated in the time and frequency domains. This paper also discusses the causes of the pressure pulsations that occur under different modes of operation of a pump turbine.
Mean Velocity, Reynolds Shear Stress, and Fluctuations of Velocity and Pressure Due to Log Laws in a Turbulent Boundary Layer and Origin Offset by Prandtl Transposition Theorem
Authors: Afzal Noor , Seena Abu
Published: February 2018

The maxima of Reynolds shear stress and turbulent burst mean period time are crucial points in the intermediate region (termed as mesolayer) for large Reynolds numbers. The three layers (inner, meso, and outer) in a turbulent boundary layer have been analyzed from open equations of turbulent motion, independent of any closure model like eddy viscosity or mixing length, etc. Little above (or below not considered here) the critical point, the matching of mesolayer predicts the log law velocity, peak of Reynolds shear stress domain, and turbulent burst time period. The instantaneous velocity vector after subtraction of mean velocity vector yields the velocity fluctuation vector, also governed by log law. The static pressure fluctuation p′ also predicts log laws in the inner, outer, and mesolayer. The relationship between u′/Ue with u/Ue from structure of turbulent boundary layer is presented in inner, meso, and outer layers. The turbulent bursting time period has been shown to scale with the mesolayer time scale; and Taylor micro time scale; both have been shown to be equivalent in the mesolayer. The shape factor in a turbulent boundary layer shows linear behavior with nondimensional mesolayer length scale. It is shown that the Prandtl transposition (PT) theorem connects the velocity of normal coordinate y with s offset to y + a, then the turbulent velocity profile vector and pressure fluctuation log laws are altered; but skin friction log law, based on outer velocity Ue, remains independent of a the offset of origin. But if skin friction log law is based on bulk average velocity Ub, then skin friction log law depends on a, the offset of origin. These predictions are supported by experimental and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data.
A Three-Dimensional Model for Ice Rubble Pile-Ice Sheet-Conical Structure Interaction at the Piers of Confederation Bridge, Canada
Authors: Wong Chee K. , Brown Thomas G.
Published: February 2018

Offshore structures constructed in waters where ice cover is prevalent for several months a year are subjected to ice loading. Some of these structures are conical or sloped-faced in shape, where flexural failure becomes the dominant mode of failure for the ice sheet. The flexural failure mode reduces the magnitude of ice-structure interaction loads in comparison to other modes of failure. Various researchers have devised flexural failure models for ice-conical structure interactions. Each model shares the same principle of the ice sheet being modeled as a beam on an elastic foundation, but each model has different limitations in precisely simulating the interaction. Some models do not incorporate the ice rubble pile, while other models make oversimplified assumptions for three-dimensional behavior. The proposed three-dimensional (3D) model aims to reduce some of these limitations with the following features: (1) modeling the geometry of the ice rubble pile around the conical pier using the results of small-scale tests, (2) modeling the loads exerted by the ice rubble pile on the conical structure and ice sheet with a rigorous method of slices, (3) adding driving forces in keeping the rubble pile intact and in upward motion during the interaction, (4) accounting for eccentric offsetting moments at the ice-structure contacts, and (5) modeling the flexural behavior of the ice sheet subject to ice rubble loads using finite element method. The proposed model is used to analyze the interaction events recorded at the conical piers of the Confederation Bridge over a period of 11 years.
Dynamic Analysis of an Offshore Platform With Compressor Packages—Application of the Substructure Method
Authors: Zhao Ying , Jia Xiaohan , Zhang Yian , Peng Xueyuan
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the substructure-based dynamic analysis of an offshore platform with compressor packages. Three typical substructure methods, the Guyan condensation method, the fixed-interface component mode synthesis (CMS) method and the free-interface CMS method, were compared to identify the appropriate substructure method for this application. A mode truncation criterion was proposed to ensure the accuracy of the recommended substructure method. The results indicated that the free-interface CMS method could generate almost the same results as the fully coupled method and save more than 50% in calculation time and more than 60% in storage space. When the same amount of time was used, the free-interface CMS method obtained more accurate results than the fixed-interface CMS method and Guyan condensation method; thus, the use of this method for evaluating the dynamics of an offshore platform with compressor packages was recommended. The cutoff frequency of the substructure was suggested to be 1.25 times the highest frequency of interest when conducting a dynamic analysis of an offshore platform with compressor packages using the free-interface CMS method. In addition, the offshore platform is a flexible structure with low and dense mechanical natural frequencies (MNFs), with approximately 4500 orders vibration modes in the frequency range of 0–40 Hz, and the displacement response at the area around the compressor package exceeded the allowable value under the excitation of the compressor package.
Embedded Two-Phase Cooling of High Flux Electronics Via Press-Fit and Bonded FEEDS Coolers
Authors: Mandel Raphael K. , Bae Daniel G. , Ohadi Michael M.
Published: February 2018

The increasing heat densities in electronic components and focus on energy efficiency have motivated utilization of embedded two-phase cooling, which reduces system-level thermal resistance and pumping power. To achieve maximum benefit, high heat fluxes and vapor qualities should be achieved simultaneously. While many researchers have achieved heat fluxes in excess of 1 kW/cm2, vapor qualities are often below 10%, requiring a significantly large amount of energy spent on subcooling or pumping power, which minimizes the benefit of using two-phase thermal transport. In this work, we describe our recent work with cooling devices utilizing film evaporation with an enhanced fluid delivery system (FEEDS). The design, calibration, and experimental testing of a press-fit and bonded FEEDS test section are detailed here. Heat transfer and pressure drop performance was characterized and discussed. With the press-fit Si test chip, heat fluxes in excess of 1 kW/cm2 were obtained at vapor qualities approaching 45% and a coefficient of performance (COP) approaching 1400. With the bonded SiC test chip, heat fluxes in excess of 1 kW/cm2 were achieved at a vapor quality of 85% and heat densities approaching 490 W/cm3.
Development of New Permeability Formulation From Well Log Data Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Moussa Tamer , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Mahmoud Mohamed , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez
Published: February 2018

Permeability is a key parameter related to any hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. Moreover, many petroleum engineering problems cannot be precisely answered without having accurate permeability value. Core analysis and well test techniques are the conventional methods to determine permeability. These methods are time-consuming and very expensive. Therefore, many researches have been introduced to identify the relationship between core permeability and well log data using artificial neural network (ANN). The objective of this research is to develop a new empirical correlation that can be used to determine the reservoir permeability of oil wells from well log data, namely, deep resistivity (RT), bulk density (RHOB), microspherical focused resistivity (RSFL), neutron porosity (NPHI), and gamma ray (GR). A self-adaptive differential evolution integrated with artificial neural network (SaDE-ANN) approach and evolutionary algorithm-based symbolic regression (EASR) techniques were used to develop the correlations based on 743 actual core permeability measurements and well log data. The obtained results showed that the developed correlations using SaDE-ANN models can be used to predict the reservoir permeability from well log data with a high accuracy (the mean square error (MSE) was 0.0638 and the correlation coefficient (CC) was 0.98). SaDE-ANN approach is more accurate than the EASR. The introduced technique and empirical correlations will assist the petroleum engineers to calculate the reservoir permeability as a function of the well log data. This is the first time to implement and apply SaDE-ANN approaches to estimate reservoir permeability from well log data (RSFL, RT, NPHI, RHOB, and GR). Therefore, it is a step forward to eliminate the required lab measurements for core permeability and discover the capabilities of optimization and artificial intelligence models as well as their application in permeability determination. Outcomes of this study could help petroleum engineers to have better understanding of reservoir performance when lab data are not available.
Acoustic characteristics of highly distinguishable Cantonese entering and non-entering tones
Authors: Wong Puisan , Chan Hoi-Yin
Published: February 2018

Cantonese has one of the most complex tone systems. Few studies have thoroughly examined or compared the acoustic properties of the full set of Cantonese tones, particularly the entering tones, compromising deeper understanding of Cantonese tone difficulties in various clinical populations. This study (1) describes a theory-driven method for acoustic analysis of tones that successfully normalized the intrinsic pitch of male and female speakers, (2) provides detailed acoustic data on distinctly enunciated Cantonese tones, (3) examines the acoustic similarities and differences between the entering and non-entering tones, and (4) compares the acoustic properties of three easily confused tone pairs. Seventeen male and female native speakers produced 1802 Cantonese tones that were correctly identified by five judges in filtered stimuli. Counter to the established notion that the entering tones are shorter versions of the three level tones, the results revealed that the entering tones have falling contours, suggesting that the entering and non-entering tones should be examined separately in research and clinical settings. The detailed description of the acoustic properties of the nine tones and the acoustic contrasts of the entering and non-entering tones and the three easily confused tone pairs provides references for future Cantonese tone studies with different populations.
Concussion: A Window Into Brain–Movement Relations in Motor Control
Authors: Gay Michael , Slobounov Semyon
Published: February 2018

Research into sports-related concussion (SRC) or brain injury has vastly expanded our knowledge of the connection between brain activity and behavioral outcomes. Historical examination of concussion reveals components of structural changes in the brain resulting from injury. A constellation of clinical symptoms is typically present following concussion for several days and weeks. However, the intersection of structural changes and clinical examination still remains elusive to medical professionals. With emerging technologies and modalities such as quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), virtual reality (VR), and the study of movement, we can better understand the brain–behavior relationship on clinical findings post-injury. Our advancement in SRC study using athletics provides a unique window into the advances in our ability to study this public health crisis. SRC also allows us to understand how athletics and exercise influence brain health. The evolution of SRC diagnosis, treatment, and management informs our current abilities in the study of the brain.
ER-phagy to alleviate stress
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: February 2018

Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum protects the secretory cells of the pancreas.
Interaction between Toll-Like Receptor 9-CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Hepatitis B Virus Virions Leads to Entry Inhibition in Hepatocytes and Reduction of Alpha Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Aillot Ludovic , Bonnin Marc , Ait-Goughoulte Malika , Bendriss-Vermare Nathalie , Maadadi Sarah , Dimier Laura , Subic Miroslava , Scholtes Caroline , Najera Isabel , Zoulim Fabien , Lucifora Julie , Durantel David
Published: February 2018

We previously reported that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-CpG oligonucleotides could inhibit the establishment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in hepatocytes. Our aim was to uncover the underlying mechanisms of this inhibition. HepaRG cells, RPMI-B lymphoblastoma cells, and primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exposed to HBV and TLR9 ligands/agonists in various configurations were used. We observed an inhibition of HBV infection upon TLR9 stimulations only when agonist was applied during inoculation. This inhibition was independent of interleukin-6 (IL-6)/interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) production as well as of TLR9 expression in hepatocytes. We further demonstrated an entry inhibition mechanism by showing a noncovalent binding of TLR9 agonist to HBV particles. Besides inhibiting HBV entry into hepatocytes, this biophysical interaction between HBV virions and TLR9 agonist was responsible for a reduction of alpha interferon (IFN-α) expression by pDCs. Interestingly, subviral particles composed of only HBsAg were able to genuinely inhibit the TLR9 pathway, without titrating TLR9 ligands. To conclude, our data suggest that synthetic TLR9-CpG oligonucleotides can strongly inhibit HBV entry by “coating” HBV virions and thereby preventing their interaction with cellular receptor. This titration effect of TLR9 agonist is also artifactually responsible for the inhibition of TLR9 engagement in pDCs, whereas a genuine inhibition of this innate pathway was confirmed with HBsAg subviral particles.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Circular Extrachromosomal Element of
Naegleria gruberi
Strain EGB Ribosomal DNA
Authors: Mullican John C. , Chapman Nora M. , Tracy Steven
Published: February 2018

The circular extrachromosomal element of
Naegleria gruberi
strain EGB was linearized, molecularly cloned, and fully sequenced. The sequence comprises 14,007 bp and encodes the organism’s rRNA genes, two potential open reading frames, and numerous repeated sequence regions.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Myoviral Bacteriophage YS35, Which Causes the Lysis of a Multidrug-Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strain
Authors: Yu Sheng , Huang Honglan , Hao Yuchong , Shi Hongyan , Zhao Chunyan , Sun Yanbo
Published: February 2018

The lytic bacteriophage YS35, which is capable of lysing multidrug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains, was isolated from a sewage sample. Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of this myoviral bacteriophage, which contains 93,296 bp of double-stranded DNA and has a 49.4% G+C content.
Complete Genome Sequence of Beak and Feather Disease Virus Isolated from an African Grey Parrot in China in 2017
Authors: Guo Xuejun , Ge Xinna , Chang Jianyu
Published: February 2018

The complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) was determined. The viral genome consists of 1,991 nt, including an 870-nt open reading frame 1 (ORF1), a 744-nt ORF2, a conserved stem-loop structure, and the second hairpin. This is the first reported detection of BFDV in an infected African grey parrot in China.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Cyanobacterium
sp. Strain HL-69, Isolated from a Benthic Microbial Mat from a Magnesium Sulfate-Dominated Hypersaline Lake
Authors: Mobberley J. M. , Romine M. F. , Cole J. K. , Maezato Y. , Lindemann S. R. , Nelson W. C.
Published: February 2018

The complete genome sequence of
Cyanobacterium
sp. strain HL-69 consists of 3,155,247 bp and contains 2,897 predicted genes comprising a chromosome and two plasmids. The genome is consistent with a halophilic nondiazotrophic phototrophic lifestyle, and this organism is able to synthesize most B vitamins and produces several secondary metabolites.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Nonheterocystous Cyanobacterium
Pseudanabaena
sp. ABRG5-3
Authors: Tajima Naoyuki , Kanesaki Yu , Sato Shusei , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Maruyama Fumito , Kurokawa Ken , Ohta Hiroyuki , Nishizawa Tomoyasu , Asayama Munehiko , Sato Naoki
Published: February 2018

We report here the complete sequences of the main genome (4.8 Mb) and seven plasmids of the semifilamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacterium
Pseudanabaena
sp. ABRG5-3, a strain isolated from a pond in Japan. These data are expected to enhance our understanding of the
Pseudanabaena
subclade near the root of cyanobacterial diversity.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Increases Functional PD-L1 Synergistically with Gamma Interferon in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2
Authors: Sahler J. M. , Eade C. R. , Altier C. , March J. C.
Published: February 2018

Nontyphoidal serovars ofSalmonella entericaare pathogenic bacteria that are common causes of food poisoning. WhereasSalmonellamechanisms of host cell invasion, inflammation, and pathogenesis are mostly well established, a new possible mechanism of immune evasion is being uncovered. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immunosuppressive membrane protein that binds to activated T cells via their PD-1 receptor and thereby halts their activation. PD-L1 expression plays an essential role in the immunological tolerance of self-antigens but is also exploited for immune evasion by pathogen-infected cells and cancer cells. Here, we show for the first time thatSalmonellainfection of intestinal epithelial cells causes the induction of PD-L1. The increased expression of PD-L1 throughSalmonellainfection was seen in both human and rat intestinal epithelial cell lines. We determined that cellular invasion by the bacteria is necessary for PD-L1 induction, potentially indicating thatSalmonellastrains are delivering mediators from inside the host cell that trigger the increased PD-L1 expression. Using knockout mutants, we determined that this effect largely originates from theSalmonellapathogenicity island 2. We also show for the first time in any cell type thatSalmonellacombined with gamma interferon (IFN-γ) causes a synergistic induction of PD-L1. Finally, we show thatSalmonellaplus IFN-γ induction of PD-L1 decreased the cytokine production of activated T cells. UnderstandingSalmonellaimmune evasion strategies could generate new therapeutic targets and help to manipulate PD-L1 expression in other diseases.
Differential Delivery of Genomic Double-Stranded RNA Causes Reovirus Strain-Specific Differences in Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Activation
Authors: Stuart Johnasha D. , Holm Geoffrey H. , Boehme Karl W.
Published: February 2018

Serotype 3 (T3) reoviruses induce substantially more type 1 interferon (IFN-I) secretion than serotype 1 (T1) strains. However, the mechanisms underlying differences in IFN-I production between T1 and T3 reoviruses remain undefined. Here, we found that differences in IFN-I production between T1 and T3 reoviruses correlate with activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key transcription factor for the production of IFN-I. T3 strain rsT3D activated IRF3 more rapidly and to a greater extent than the T1 strain rsT1L, in simian virus 40 (SV40) immortalized endothelial cells (SVECs). Differences in IRF3 activation between rsT1L and rsT3D were observed in the first hours of infection and were independent of
de novo
viral RNA and protein synthesis. NF-κB activation mirrored IRF3 activation, with rsT3D inducing more NF-κB activity than rsT1L. We also found that IRF3 and NF-κB are activated in a mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS)-dependent manner. rsT1L does not suppress IRF3 activation, as IRF3 phosphorylation could be induced in rsT1L-infected cells. Transfected rsT1L and rsT3D RNA induced IRF3 phosphorylation, indicating that genomic RNA from both strains has the capacity to activate IRF3. Finally, bypassing the normal route of reovirus entry by transfecting
in vitro
-generated viral cores revealed that rsT1L and rsT3D core particles induced equivalent IRF3 activation. Taken together, our findings indicate that entry-related events that occur after outer capsid disassembly, but prior to deposition of viral cores into the cytoplasm, influence the efficiency of IFN-I responses to reovirus. This work provides further insight into mechanisms by which nonenveloped viruses activate innate immune responses.

IMPORTANCE
Detection of viral nucleic acids by the host cell triggers type 1 interferon (IFN-I) responses, which are critical for containing and clearing viral infections. Viral RNA is sensed in the cytoplasm by cellular receptors that initiate signaling pathways, leading to the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB, key transcription factors required for IFN-I induction. Serotype 3 (T3) reoviruses induce significantly more IFN-I than serotype 1 (T1) strains. In this work, we found that differences in IFN-I production by T1 and T3 reoviruses correlate with differential IRF3 activation. Differences in IRF3 activation are not caused by a blockade of the IRF3 activation by a T1 strain. Rather, differences in events during the late stages of viral entry determine the capacity of reovirus to activate host IFN-I responses. Together, our work provides insight into mechanisms of IFN-I induction by nonenveloped viruses.
Pre-post, mixed-methods feasibility study of the WorkingWell mobile support tool for individuals with serious mental illness in the USA: a pilot study protocol
Authors: Nicholson Joanne , Wright Spenser M , Carlisle Alyssa M
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Successful competitive employment has been found to be related to enhanced self-esteem, higher quality of life and reduced mental health service use for individuals living with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. The effectiveness of the individual placement and support model has been demonstrated in multiple randomised controlled trials in many countries. The management of stress, depression and anxiety in the workplace may be effectively enhanced through digital mental health interventions. The WorkingWell mobile support tool (‘app’) is specifically designed to meet the need for illness management support for individuals with SMI in the workplace, as an adjunct to professional treatment.

Methods and analysis

The WorkingWell app, grounded in evidence-based supported employment, is informed by user experience design. It will be tested in a pre-post design, mixed-methods pilot study to explore issues of feasibility, acceptability and usefulness, and to provide preliminary data on the impact of use. Putative mediators of improved job tenure and psychological well-being, including postintervention changes in social support, self-efficacy and work-related motivation, will be investigated. Forty individuals at least 18 years of age, meeting the eligibility requirements for supported employment services (ie, diagnosed with a mental illness meeting the criteria for severity, duration and treatment), working a minimum of 10 hours per week at study enrolment, and speaking, reading and writing in English will be recruited for the pilot study. Research staff will recruit individuals at community-based mental health agencies; provide orientation to the study, the study smartphones and the WorkingWell app; conduct research interviews including standardised measures as well as semistructured items; and provide technical assistance in telephone calls and inperson meetings. A sample of 10 agency staff will be recruited to obtain further information on the feasibility, acceptability and usefulness of WorkingWell.

Ethics and dissemination

The study design and procedures are approved by the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects, the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health Central Office Research Review Committee and the Vermont Agency of Human Services Institutional Review Board. Study findings will be disseminated to agency partners, state agencies and funders, and to the research and technology development communities. Findings from the study will inform the design, data collection procedures and protocol for future full-scale randomised controlled trial testing of the effectiveness of the WorkingWell app, as well as investigations of work-related variables as mediators of psychological well-being and quality of life for individuals with SMI.