bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-emotional wealth preservation and KPI voluntary disclosure quality
Authors: Boujelben Saoussen , Boujelben Chourouk
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the emotional attachment strength of family members to their business on the quality of the voluntary disclosure of their key performance indicator (KPI). More specifically, the authors focused on the effect of two dimensions of the socio-emotional theory, i.e. “family influence and control” and “firm dynasty succession.”

Design/methodology/approach

The authors performed a content analysis of annual reports for a sample of 87 French families listed in CAC All-Tradable to calculate a disclosure quality index of KPI. The authors proxied the “family influence and control” by the proportion of family members appointed in the board. To identify the “firm dynasty succession” concern, the authors classified firms according to the generation they belonged to. The authors estimated a cross-sectional linear regression model to meet the research objective.

Findings

This study confirms the role of the family affective attachment in decreasing the quality of KPI disclosure in such a way to preserve its socio-emotional wealth. The family firms’ principals who desire to sustain their control on the firm, to perpetuate the business for future generations and to protect their emotional wealth tend to avoid the disclosure of credible and reliable KPI information.

Practical implications

The findings have meaningful practical implications. First, they provide relevant insights into the regulatory bodies of the financial reporting regarding the increasing appeal for making KPI disclosure mandatory. Second, as the family businesses are the most widespread proprietorship in the French context, the effect of the family agenda on the quality of the KPI should be of interest to various policymakers and financial statements’ users of such firms. Third, the results inform nonfamily shareholders regarding the importance of selecting representatives on the board that should share similar interest with regard to KPI disclosure.

Social implications

From a societal perspective, this study is relevant in taking into account the critical role the family businesses have in the French economy. This study should help the minority shareholders to protect their interests and maximize their wealth within the family firm because it sheds light on the influence that family members have on hiding key information on the firm’s real performance.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study in the family firms literature has examined the quality of voluntary disclosure of KPI. Although most previous studies merely compared family and nonfamily firms in terms of voluntary disclosure, the authors acknowledge and address the heterogeneity between family firms. The authors contribute to the few prior empirical validations of SEW implication on voluntary disclosure decisions by testing the effect of an additional dimension, which is family dynasty.
Innovation radar in hospitality: a new procedure to evaluate the innovation in hotels
Authors: Valença Marilia Nunes , Sobral Marcos Felipe Falcão , Andrade Lima Telma Lúcia de , Farias Daniela de Moura Pavão
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This study aims to propose a new procedure called innovation radar in hospitality (IRH), which was specifically designed to measure the innovations in hotels.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a systematic review, a structured questionnaire was developed with 31 questions. The questions covered 12 dimensions related to hospitality: offer, platform, solutions, customer, customer experience, value capture, processes, organization, supply chain, presence, network and brand. The developed IRH instrument allowed to identify five ordered stages of innovation in the hospitality industry: basic operational, advanced operational, basic innovator, intermediate innovator and advanced innovator. The IRH was tested in real environment in Brazilian Hotels.

Findings

The procedure proved to be stable and able to rank hotels by innovation. The IRH allocated hotels consistently into one of the five stages. By analyzing each survey hotel individually, the procedure showed no discrepancies between the individual rates and the allocated stage by IRH.

Practical implications

The IRH can be an automated and structured instrument to measure innovation by consumers, platforms, agencies, research studies and governments.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first structured and quantitative procedure to measure innovation in hotels. The radar was able to detect specific actions aimed at innovation that serve as a good prediction mechanism for innovation in the hospitality sector. In this context, the radar emerges as an important tool for innovation metrics in the tourism sector, offering analysis mechanisms and a way to evaluate and monitor companies.
A thematic exploration of human brands: literature review and agenda for future research
Authors: Osorio Maria Lucila , Centeno Edgar , Cambra-Fierro Jesus
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is threefold. First, human brands are conceptualized and the distinction between them and personal brands is established. Second, human-brand research is reviewed in light of a strategic brand management framework and gaps in the knowledge that may suggest new research pathways are identified. Third, the extent to which a brand management model designed for products could be applied to human brands is explored.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted in this study. The content analysis of the selected set of papers allowed the assessment of the state of this field of brand management and the identification of proposals for future research.

Findings

Substantial research exists on different aspects of human brands. However, these studies are fragmented in nature, thus highlighting the need for specific and complete human-brand management models.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of this literature review is that it is based on a sample of papers collected by one specific criterion; furthermore, the way the papers were classified may be challenged. However, this study provides a comprehensive picture of studies on human brands available today.

Originality/value

A parsimonious distinction and connectivity between human and personal brands suggest a branding-by-individual continuum. Additionally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first identifiable one that summarizes the growing literature on human brands, reveals important gaps in the knowledge and calls for the development of particular human-brand management models.
Impact of relatedness, uncertainty and slack on corporate entrepreneurship decisions
Authors: Garrett Robert , Mattingly Shaunn , Hornsby Jeff , Aghaey Alireza
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of opportunity relatedness and uncertainty on the decision of a corporate entrepreneur to pursue a venturing opportunity.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a conjoint experimental design to reveal the structure of respondents' decision policies. Data were gathered from 47 useable replies from corporate entrepreneurs and were analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).

Findings

Results show that product relatedness, market relatedness, perceived certainty about expected outcomes and slack resources all have a positive effect on the willingness of a corporate entrepreneur to pursue a new venture idea. Moreover, slack was found to diminish the positive effect of product relatedness on the likelihood to pursue a venturing opportunity.

Practical implications

By providing a better understanding of decision-making schemas of corporate entrepreneurs, the findings of this study help improve the practice of entrepreneurship at the organizational level. In order to make more accurate opportunity assessments, corporate entrepreneurs need to be aware of their cognitive strategies and need to factor in the salient criteria affecting such assessments.

Originality/value

This paper adds to the limited understanding of corporate-level decision-making with regard to pursuing venturing opportunities. More specifically, the paper adds new insights regarding how relatedness and uncertainty affect new venture opportunity assessments in the presence (or lack thereof) of slack resources.
Sell-side analysts and corporate acquisitions: case study findings
Authors: Andersson Patric , Graaf Johan , Hellman Niclas
Published: June 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate how sell-side analysts form expectations on, analyse, and communicate the effects of corporate acquisitions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports on case studies of three listed firms who are frequent acquirers. The case data comprise semi-structured interviews and content analysis of analyst reports and corporate reports.

Findings

The paper reports three sets of findings. First, the analysts viewed acquisitions as heterogeneous events and, therefore, also treated acquisitions differently depending on factors such as size and acquisition strategy and the perceived “authenticity” of the acquisition (i.e. whether parts of the acquisition would be more accurately described as organic growth and regular capital expenditure (CAPEX) investments). Second, the authors find that analysts struggle with analysing the effects of acquisitions at the announcement date because of a mismatch between the analysts’ need of and the analysts’ access to relevant information. Although clients demand evaluations of announced acquisitions, relevant accounting information is not published until much later and the information at hand only allows for cursory analyses. Finally, the authors find that the analysts’ valuation models were too inflexible to fully incorporate the effects of the acquisition. In sum, the analysts, therefore, developed acquisition-driven investment cases without supporting accounting information and without converting expected acquisitions into forecasts.

Originality/value

By adopting a qualitative case study research design, the paper contributes to the ongoing efforts to open the “black-box” of sell-side analyst behaviour. In particular, the unique research design focusses on effects related to specific corporate events (acquisitions) rather than analysts’ everyday work.
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala jeanselmei following renal transplantation: A case report with a published work review of phaeohyphomycosis in Japan
Authors: Takenaka Motoi , Murota Hiroyuki , Nishimoto Katsutaro
Published: June 2020

We describe a case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis following renal transplantation and include a review of the previously published Japanese cases. A 40‐year‐old Japanese woman taking immunosuppressants following renal transplantation 6 years prior presented to our hospital with a subcutaneous lesion on her right leg. Skin biopsy revealed an abscess, and culture confirmed Exophiala jeanselmei to be the causative agent. Treatment with itraconazole combined with surgical drainage was effective, and the lesion disappeared after 15 months. Upon review of 128 Japanese phaeohyphomycosis cases, it was found that more than 80% of the cases occurred in patients aged more than 60 years, and most cases involved underlying diseases associated with immunodeficiency. E. jeanselmei was the most common etiologic fungus. Recently, however, the Exophiala species has been reclassified based on molecular identification, and cases due to E. jeanselmei decreased with the concomitant increase of cases due to Exophiala oligosperma and Exophiala xenobiotica. In approximately half of the cases, lesions were treated by surgical removal, with or without concomitant antifungal drugs. Itraconazole was the antifungal agent most frequently used. In many cases, the disease course was reported as either healing or improving. There was no difference in either treatment or prognosis based on the etiologic species of fungus.
Founder events influence structures of Aspergillus flavus populations
Authors: Ortega‐Beltran Alejandro , Callicott Kenneth A. , Cotty Peter J.
Published: June 2020

In warm regions, agricultural fields are occupied by complex Aspergillus flavus communities composed of isolates in many vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) with varying abilities to produce highly toxic, carcinogenic aflatoxins. Aflatoxin contamination is reduced with biocontrol products that enable atoxigenic isolates from atoxigenic VCGs to dominate the population. Shifts in VCG frequencies similar to those caused by the introduction of biocontrol isolates were detected in Sonora, Mexico, where biocontrol is not currently practiced. The shifts were attributed to founder events. Although VCGs reproduce clonally, significant diversity exists within VCGs. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting revealed that increased frequencies of VCG YV150 involved a single haplotype. This is consistent with a founder event. Additionally, great diversity was detected among 82 YV150 isolates collected over 20 years across Mexico and the United States. Thirty‐six YV150 haplotypes were separated into two populations by Structure and SplitsTree analyses. Sixty‐five percent of isolates had MAT1‐1 and belonged to one population. The remaining had MAT1‐2 and belonged to the second population. SSR alleles varied within populations, but recombination between populations was not detected despite co‐occurrence at some locations. Results suggest that YV150 isolates with opposite mating‐type have either strongly restrained or lost sexual reproduction among themselves.
Precarious resettlement at the Bui Dam, Ghana—Unmaking the teleological
Authors: Wilmsen Brooke , Adjartey David
Published: June 2020

One of the key challenges of constructing large‐scale water projects is determining how to manage social impacts such as the forced displacement and resettlement of the people in their path. Resettlement planners are tasked with the unenviable job of predicting these impacts and minimising their effects to enable the smooth completion of construction. The complexity of resettlement is reduced to a technical exercise carried out in accordance with international standards of best practice used by multilateral development banks and with the laws of national governments. Despite both the proliferation of these standards and legislation and the expansion of the resettlement industry, empirical research continues to demonstrate that resettlement causes impoverishment. Based on a qualitative study of three resettled villages at the Bui Dam resettlement in Ghana, this article highlights the political nature of resettlement. Using the concept of “precarity” we demonstrate how politics acts to render people moveable long before a project is conceived. Resettlement is shown to be a political tool that exposes and exacerbates existing precarity and becomes a site of struggle against the power of the state. By framing resettlement as an expression of politics rather than an exercise in management and containment, this article begins to uncover the flaws in technical planning processes and is a reminder that resettlement should be avoided wherever possible.
Spatial genetic structure and historical demography of East Asian wild boar
Authors: Hu C. , Pan T. , Wu Y. , Zhang C. , Chen W. , Chang Q.
Published: June 2020

Pleistocene climatic fluctuations may have had a profound impact on the evolutionary history of many species. The geographical pattern of European wild boar (Sus scrofa) is clearly studied, and it was greatly influenced by ancient climatic events, especially the Last Glacial Maximum. Previous research on genetic variation has mainly focused on the origin and distribution histories of domestic pigs. However, some questions have not been answered, including those concerning the genetic diversity, geographical pattern and possible historic influence of climate on East Asian wild boar (EAWB). Employing the control region of mtDNA (511 bp), we investigated the contributions of historic climate, which possibly shaped the genetic pattern of wild boar. Given that the level of genetic diversity of wild boars is higher in East Asia than in Europe, 172 haplotypes were detected from 680 individuals. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the complex phylogeographic structure of EAWB. Mismatch analysis, neutrality tests and the Bayesian Skyline Plot results all retrieved signals of a rapid population expansion, which might have played an important role in driving the formation of complex spatial genetic structure. Genetic data and species distribution modelling showed that the Last Glacial Maximum had weak effect on the distribution of the EAWB. We suggest that, in shaping spatial genetic structure in East Asian, long‐term gene flow and population history played more important roles than Pleistocene climate fluctuations.
Investigating the sociocultural models with cultural experiments: A Polish‒English study on {Request → Compliance} in gender relations
Authors: Boskł Paweł
Published: June 2020

The dominant model in cross‐cultural psychology largely disregards culture (Boski, 2018). An alternative theory of sociocultural models (SCMs) has been proposed in this volume. SCMs mould cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes of individual persons, as well as their corrective measures should such processes be sidetracked. Because SCMs are culture‐bound, intercultural contacts are likely to be fraught in misconceptions and conflicts, but they may also give rise to attraction and to culture change. This article compares Polish script of gender roles and its transformations between the ingroup and English (outgroup) contexts. Framed in a {Request → Compliance} format, a cultural experiment was conducted with university students in England and Poland. It was based on four video‐recorded enactments of that script, controlling for gender expressions on the request and on actor‐compliance sides. It was hypothesised that compared to foreign observers from England, Polish participants should provide confirmatory evidence to video installations, reflecting the script and should resist its transformation attempts. Results largely confirmed these expectations. The {Male addressed request → Male compliance} was of the Polish normative and behavioural prototype, but not appealing for English participants, for whom gender neutrality was the preferred cultural arrangement.
Early outcomes of emergency ventral hernia repair in a cohort of poorly optimized patients
Authors: Dissanayake Bhanuka , Burstow Matthew J. , Yuide Peter J. , Gundara Justin S. , Chua Terence C.
Published: June 2020

Background

Strangulated and obstructed ventral hernias require emergent repair to mitigate the risk of life‐threatening complications. Emergency ventral hernia repairs are associated with a higher rate of surgical complications and recurrence compared to elective repairs. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of patient factors, hernia and operative characteristics on post‐operative outcomes in patients requiring emergency ventral hernia repairs.

Methods

Data were collected from a prospectively held database on 86 consecutive patients undergoing emergency ventral hernia repairs between January 2016 and January 2019 at Logan Hospital. Patient, hernia and operative characteristics were collected for reporting and analysis.

Results

Of the 86 patients, 29 (34%) developed a surgical complication, of which 17 patients (59%) had surgical site infections. We identified obesity (P = 0.017), history of smoking (P = 0.008), American Society of Anesthesiologists class of III–IV (P = 0.008), hernia defect size ≥3 cm (P = 0.048) and concomitant small bowel resection (P = 0.028) to be associated with post‐operative surgical complication. Multivariate analysis identified smoking (P = 0.005) and concomitant small bowel resection (P = 0.026) as independent predictors for developing surgical complications. Seven patients (8%) recurred at a median of 221 days. Incisional hernias (P = 0.001), recurrent hernias (P < 0.001), greater than one defect (P < 0.001) and bowel involvement (P = 0.049) were associated with higher rates of hernia recurrence.

Conclusion

Patient factors significantly influence outcomes in the emergency setting. Given that this is not modifiable at the time of surgery, greater emphasis needs to be placed on optimizing the physical and behavioural factors of patients with early symptomatic hernias for an elective repair.
Increasing rate of colorectal cancer in younger patients: a review of colonoscopy findings in patients under 50 at a tertiary institution
Authors: Kim Jason , Dobson Benjamin , Ng Liet Hing Cedric , Cooper Michelle , Lu Cu Tai , Nolan Gregory , Von Papen Michael
Published: June 2020

Background

In Australia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. It is more common in patients over 50 years, with previous evidence showing patients under 50 years account for only 9% of CRC. However, recent Australian and International studies have shown an increase in CRC incidence in patients under 50 years of age. The main aim of this study was to analyse the incidence of CRC in patients under 50 and to determine if screening would be beneficial in this population.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients under 50 years of age who underwent a colonoscopy, performed by a colorectal surgeon, at the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service between January 2013 and December 2017.

Results

A total of 557 patients were included in the study; 120 (21.5%) colonoscopies had a significant finding (CRC or adenoma with malignant potential). 1.9% of patients were diagnosed with CRC, all were symptomatic at time of diagnosis, the majority were stage 3 or 4.

Conclusion

A total of 1.9% of patients under 50 who underwent colonoscopy were diagnosed with CRC, whilst 21.5% of patients had significant findings. These rates are greater than previously quoted figures and data for patients under 50, and provides evidence to support lowering of the CRC faecal occult blood testing screening age.
Impact of adjacent land use on the ecological condition of riparian habitats: The relation between condition and vegetation properties
Authors: Zermeño‐Hernández Isela , Benítez‐Malvido Julieta , Suazo‐Ortuño Ireri , Méndez‐Toribio Moisés
Published: June 2020

Questions

The ecological condition of riparian habitats has been negatively altered by human activities and land‐use changes. The aims of this study were to evaluate: (a) how adjacent land use affects the ecological condition of riparian habitats; and (b) whether the ecological condition relates to riparian vegetation properties (i.e., structure, diversity, and species composition).

Location

Watershed of the Duero River, in the state of Michoacán, Mexico.

Methods

Sampling sites were established along the Duero River riverbank by considering three different land uses (i.e., native forest, agriculture, and urban). At each site, we assessed the ecological condition of riparian habitats with a riparian condition index (RCI) composed of six subindices, with 17 indicators. Using a survey of woody plants (DBH ≥ 2.5 cm) in 12 different 0.1‐ha sites, we assessed vegetation properties.

Results

According to the RCI, 76% of the studied riparian habitats had a very poor ecological condition, and only one site scored an excellent condition. The values of all subindices as well as the RCI were significantly greater in the forest than in the agricultural or urban land uses. The significant relationships between the RCI and its components (subindices) with vegetation properties were all positive and explained between 22% and 73% of the variation in structural and diversity attributes, and between 48% and 66% in floristic composition.

Conclusions

This study shows how human land‐use activities affect the ecological condition of riparian habitats and hence riparian forests. Overall, the RCI had a high predictive power for the vegetation properties of riparian forests. This information is critical for programs involved in the management, conservation, and ecological restoration of riparian habitats. Low‐cost and time‐efficient indices, such as the RCI, facilitate ecological condition assessments of riparian habitats not only by scientists but also by previously trained land managers and the general public.
Allogeneic cord blood transfusions prevent fetal haemoglobin depletion in preterm neonates. Results of the CB‐TrIP study
Authors: Teofili Luciana , Papacci Patrizia , Orlando Nicoletta , Bianchi Maria , Molisso Anna , Purcaro Velia , Valentini Caterina Giovanna , Giannantonio Carmen , Serrao Francesca , Chiusolo Patrizia , Nicolotti Nicola , Pellegrino Claudio , Carducci Brigida , Vento Giovanni , De Stefano Valerio
Published: June 2020

Repeated red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterm neonates are associated with poor outcome and increased risk for prematurity‐associated diseases. RBC transfusions cause the progressive replacement of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) by adult haemoglobin (HbA). We monitored HbF levels in 25 preterm neonates until 36 weeks of post‐menstrual age (PMA); patients received RBC units from allogeneic cord blood (cord‐RBCs) or from adult donors (adult‐RBCs), depending on whether cord‐RBCs were available. Primary outcome was HbF level at PMA of 32 weeks. Twenty‐three neonates survived until this age: 14 received no transfusions, two only cord‐RBCs, three only adult‐RBCs and four both RBC types. HbF levels in neonates transfused with cord‐RBCs were significantly higher than in neonates receiving adult‐RBCs (P < 0·0001) or both RBC types (P < 0·0001). Superimposable results were obtained at PMA of 36 weeks. Every adult‐RBCs transfusion increased the risk for an HbF in the lowest quartile by about 10‐fold, whereas this effect was not evident if combined adult‐ and cord‐RBCs were evaluated. Overall, these data show that transfusing cord‐RBCs can limit the HbF depletion caused by conventional RBC transfusions. Transfusing cord blood warrants investigation in randomised trials as a strategy to mitigate the severity of retinopathy of prematurity (NCT03764813).
A review of the critics of invasion biology
Authors: Cassini Marcelo H.
Published: June 2020

Herein, I review existing criticisms of the field of invasion biology. Firstly, I identifiy problems of conceptual weaknesses, including disagreements regarding: (i) definitions of invasive, impact, and pristine conditions, and (ii) ecological assumptions such as species equilibrium, niche saturation, and climax communities. Secondly, I discuss methodological problems include the misuse of correlations, biases in impact reviews and risk assessment, and difficulties in predicting the effects of species introductions or eradications. Finally, I analyse the social conflict regarding invasive species management and differences in moral and philosophical foundations. I discuss the recent emergence of alternatives to traditional invasion biology approaches, including the concept of novel ecosystems, conciliation biology, and compassionate conservation. Understanding different value systems will be the first step to reconciling the different perspectives related to this controversial topic.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamides as potent anti‐tuberculosis agents
Authors: Onajole Oluseye K. , Lun Shichun , Yun Young Ju , Langue Damkam Y. , Jaskula‐Dybka Michelle , Flores Adrian , Frazier Eriel , Scurry Ashle C. , Zavala Ambernice , Arreola Karen R. , Pierzchalski Bryce , Ayitou A. Jean‐Luc , Bishai William R.
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that has been plaguing the human race for centuries. The emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains of TB has been detrimental to the fight against tuberculosis with very few safe therapeutic options available. As part of an ongoing effort to identify potent anti‐tuberculosis agents, we synthesized and screened a series of novel imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamide derivatives for their anti‐tuberculosis properties. These compounds were designed based on reported anti‐tuberculosis properties of the indolecarboxamides (I2Cs) and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridinecarboxamides (IPAs). In this series, we identified compounds 15 and 16 with excellent anti‐TB activity against H37Rv strain of tuberculosis (MIC = 0.10–0.19 μM); these compounds were further screened against selected clinical isolates of Mtb. Compounds 15 and 16 showed excellent activities against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) strains of TB (MIC range: 0.05–1.5 μM) with excellent selectivity indices. In addition, preliminary ADME studies on compound 16 showed favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
Tabanidae insect (horsefly and deerfly) allergy in humans: A review of the literature
Authors: Whyte Andrew F. , Popescu Florin‐Dan , Carlson John
Published: June 2020

Allergy to insects of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera), commonly called horseflies or deerflies, is anecdotally common, although the published literature is limited to case reports and small case series. This review summarizes the available literature, in which there is enormous variability in clinical detail, identification of species or even genus, and means and thoroughness of assessment of sensitization. The clinical utility of in vivo and in vitro assays remains unclear. Investigation and management of patients reporting anaphylaxis to suspected bites must therefore be pragmatic, by considering other insects (eg Hymenoptera), provision of a written action plan and self‐injectable adrenaline if appropriate, and advice on avoidance.
Global status of knowledge for prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among school teachers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Goel Shubhi , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay P. , Ritwik Priyanshi , Haldar Partha , Priya Harsh , Pandey Ravindra M.
Published: June 2020

Background/aim

The majority of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in childhood and adolescence occur in schools. Since school teachers are often the first responders, their knowledge about the emergency management of TDI needs to be adequate. The aim of this systematic review was to assess and analyse the global status of this knowledge as reported in previous studies and to provide recommendations for future research.

Methods

The protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. A broad‐based search using text‐words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases as per a predefined strategy. Cohort‐studies, cross‐sectional, case‐control studies and randomized/non‐randomized trials without any distinction of language and year of publication were included while those without details of sampling strategy, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed, risk of bias assessment was done by the Joanna‐Briggs‐Institute's critical appraisal checklist and meta‐analysis was performed for four question stems using a random effects model.

Results

Twenty‐three studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies had been conducted in Asia from 2009 to 2019. Ten studies used case‐based questionnaires, mostly adapted from previous studies. Moderate to high risk of bias was observed in 14 studies. Less than 50% of teachers had witnessed a TDI in 8 studies and >75% desired to know more about TDI management in most studies. Less than 50% of teachers in 5 out of 6 studies knew about immediate replantation of avulsed permanent teeth, <25% knew about storage of an avulsed tooth in 16 studies and <50% knew about cleaning of a dirty avulsed tooth in 8 studies. Meta‐analysis revealed I2values of >95% with 17% of teachers having previous dental‐trauma first‐aid training and 38% knowing about replantation within 30 minutes.

Conclusion

The awareness level in several areas of the world is unknown. Studies lacked well‐designed questionnaires and teachers exhibited low self‐belief and knowledge level in the majority of studies.
The role of herbivory in the macroevolution of vertebrate hormone dynamics
Authors: Edwards Phoebe D. , Sookhan Nicholas , Boonstra Rudy
Published: June 2020

Vertebrates have high species‐level variation in circulating hormone concentrations, and the functional significance of this variation is largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that interspecific differences in hormone concentrations are partially driven by plant consumption, based on the prediction that herbivores should have higher basal hormone levels to ‘outcompete’ plant endocrine disruptors. We compared levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), the hormones with the most available data, across 166 species. Using phylogenetically informed comparisons, we found that herbivores had higher GC levels than carnivores. Furthermore, we found that the previously described negative relationship between GC levels and body mass only held in herbivores, not carnivores, and that the effect of diet was greatest at extreme body sizes. These findings demonstrate the far‐reaching effects of diet on animal physiology, and provide evidence that herbivory influences circulating hormone concentrations. We urge future direct testing of the relationship between phytochemical load and GC levels.
Which seizure elements do patients memorize? A comparison of history and seizure documentation
Authors: Mielke Helena , Meissner Sonja , Wagner Kathrin , Joos Andreas , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas
Published: June 2020

Objective

People with epilepsy (PWE) are frequently unable to recall the core manifestation of their disease, epileptic seizures. This means that seizure frequency is often underestimated by practitioners and that seizure classification based on reports of patients or their relatives is difficult because seizure semiology remains unclear. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to prospectively explore patients’ memory regarding seizure elements and to assess the role of seizure types.

Method

Ninety patients diagnosed with focal epilepsy undergoing diagnostic electroencephalography (EEG)–video monitoring were included. The ability to memorize individual seizure elements was assessed using a questionnaire. Patient knowledge was then compared to the findings of subsequent seizure documentation during EEG‐video monitoring. Seizure elements were categorized in four groups: subjective, motor, autonomic, and postictal elements.

Results

In all categories, the number of documented seizure elements during monitoring strongly exceeded the number of elements that were recalled. Only 45.6% of subjective elements, 5.4% of motor phenomena, 11.9% of autonomic findings, and 2.1% of postictal impairments were recalled. The ability to recall seizure elements varied significantly depending on seizure types (secondarily generalized tonic‐clonic seizures [SGTCS] < complex partial seizures [CPS] < simple partial seizures [SPS]), but not on the relative timing of the element during the seizure.

Significance

Patients’ memory of seizure semiology is almost always fragmentary. Although the rate of correctly remembered seizure elements depends on the seizure type, complete recall of a seizure is almost never obtained. Consequently, 89 of 90 patients in this cohort would only have had seizures classified as a seizure with “impaired awareness“ according to the new International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification. The involvement of brain areas involved in memory encoding and consolidation and in the context of seizure classification schemes.
Planned online language education versus crisis‐prompted online language teaching: Lessons for the future
Authors: Gacs Adam , Goertler Senta , Spasova Shannon
Published: June 2020

Online (language) teaching has been found to be as effective as face‐to‐face (F2F) learning (Moneypenny & Aldrich 2016, J. Educators Online, 13, 105–174; Goertler & Gacs, 2018, Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching German, 51, 156–174). Online language teaching has different affordances and challenges than F2F teaching, which can be taken into consideration when online language education is carefully planned using a backwards design iterative process (e.g., Meskill & Anthony, 2015, Teaching language online). In early 2020, many institutions rapidly transitioned away from F2F instruction due to the global pandemic. While this was at times referred to as online teaching, it in fact is not planned online teaching but rather crisis‐prompted remote teaching (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020, Educause Review, 27 March). Given the circumstances and the timeframes for crisis online teaching, quality expectations must be lowered especially in regards to testing security, technological sophistication, accessibility, copyright, and learning outcomes. This article presents a roadmap for planning, implementing, and evaluating online education in ideal and in crisis contexts.
Intrinsic motivators of collaborative consumption: A study of accommodation rental services
Authors: Tunçel Niray , Özkan Tektaş Öznur
Published: June 2020

The paper examines the mediation effects of perceived risk and cosmopolitanism on the link between openness to experience and intention to participate in the peer‐based collaborative consumption (CC) platform using Construal Level Theory. The study presents empirical research based on a data set collected from 390 consumers and uses the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling method to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrate the mediation effect of cosmopolitanism and perceived risk on the link between openness to experience and intention to participate in CC. This study contributes to the consumer behaviour literature by providing a more comprehensive approach to CC participation focusing on direct and mediating effects of intrinsic motivators of consumers in emerging markets, which has been overlooked in previous research.
Building racial bridges? Social capital among community gardeners in US food deserts
Authors: Jettner Jennifer F. , Secret Mary C.
Published: June 2020

This study examined the relationship between race and racial diversity on social capital in community gardens located in food deserts in the southeastern region of the USA. Using snowball methods, a sample of 52 gardeners who represented 10 community gardens was obtained. Cross‐level regression models were performed using two different aspects of social capital: one’s “sense of community” and the “number of resources” a gardener could obtain from fellow gardeners, as dependent variables. Results indicate that community gardens are excellent vehicles for promoting one’s sense of community regardless of one’s race or a garden’s racial composition. In contrast, community gardens were less likely to increase the number of resources. It took longer and more effort to access a greater number of resources while increased perceptions of racial diversity had a negative relationship with number of resources.
Heat transfer control by dispersed metallic particles in glassy mold flux film for continuous steel casting
Authors: Hyun Sung‐Hee , Cho Jung‐Wook
Published: June 2020

To assess the effect of metallic particles (MPs) on heat transfer in glassy mold flux, a structurally stable glassy mold flux system composed of CaO–Al2O3–CaF2 was examined with 0, 2, or 5 wt% of FeO or Fe MPs. The change of extinction coefficient by Mie Scattering of the Fe particles and absorption by FeO was quantified using Fourier transformation infrared ray spectroscopy and an Ultraviolet/Visible spectrometry. Thermal conductivity of mold flux film with dispersed MPs was quantified using laser flash technique. One‐dimensional Debye temperature was calculated, and particle morphology and size distribution were observed using image analysis to explain variations in thermal conductivity among the glass samples. Finally, to simulate the heat transfer ratio by both the conduction and radiation, the actual heat flux through mold flux film was measured using an Infrared Emitter Technique. The overall heat transfer rate across liquid flux film could be reduced significantly by a dispersion of MPs.
Becoming Europe's Parliament: Europeanization through MEPs' Supranational Activism, 1952–79
Authors: Roos Mechthild
Published: June 2020

The European Parliament (EP) – today one of the most powerful actors at EU level – was intended to be a mere consultative assembly at the founding of the European Communities. This article studies the beginnings of the EP's parliamentarization, from its establishment in 1952 to its first direct elections in 1979. The article uses the concept of Europeanization to analyse what ideational, normative and rationalist factors induced MEPs – delegates from the member states' national parliaments at the time – to invest considerable time and effort into an institution that promised no significant political impact, career improvement, or acknowledgement by voters. In so doing, the article demonstrates that despite the fact that careers were made at the national level, MEPs swiftly began to behave as Euro‐parliamentarians rather than national delegates. Inside the EP, MEPs were therefore both themselves Europeanized and pushed for the Europeanization of the EP more generally.
Broodstock development and captive maturation of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in a brackishwater pond‐based system
Authors: De Debasis , Shyne Anand Panantharayil S. , Mukherjee Suchita , Kumar Prem , Dayal Jagabathula Syama , Raja Ramalingam Ananda , Bera Aritra , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Vijayan Koyadan Kizhakedath
Published: June 2020

Successful captive broodstock development of clupeid fish, hilsa, is one of the major challenges for the artificial propagation of this economically valued fish. The present study provides novel insights into the pond‐reared captive broodstock development of hilsa using artificial feed. In the present study, wild collected hilsa fry (weight 1.35 ± 0.13 g, length 53.84 ± 0.95 mm) were reared in grow‐out ponds for 6 months followed by maintaining them as broodstock in other ponds using formulated feed in both cases. After 6 months of pond rearing, the average body weight and length of fish were 66.76 ± 4.53 g and 184.75 ± 3.65 mm, respectively. In broodstock ponds, hilsa subadults fed with formulated feed (crude protein 41.06%) ensured significant advancement in ovarian maturity with gonado somatic index of 9.09%, enhanced secondary yolk stage oocytes of 91.66% and enlargement of oocyte diameters up to 570 μm. The broodstock reached somatic growth such as average body weight and average body length of 383.80 ± 27.38 g and 339.33 ± 9.68 mm, respectively, with a condition factor of 1.06 ± 0.15. Gut content analysis revealed the better acceptability of the artificial feed. Lipid profiling of muscle and ovary during gonadal maturation revealed mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids (i.e., C14:0, C18:0, C20:5, C22:6 and C20:4) in the ovary, which might help in gonadal maturation.

Statement of Significance

Successful rearing of wild‐caught hilsa juvenile in captive condition using formulated feed showed its potential as aquaculture species in low saline conditions.

Advance stage of maturation in low saline captive conditions showed the possibility for induced breeding of hilsa, a high priced anadromous fish.

Mobilization of fat from muscle to ovary and selective retention of some fatty acids in the ovary showed the scope of dietary manipulation for broodstock development of hilsa.
GreenLight HPS laser 120 W vs diode laser 300 W vaporization of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Japanese patients: A prospective, single‐center, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi , Seki Narihito , Song Yoo H. , Dejima Takashi
Published: June 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of laser vaporization with 532 nm GreenLight High Performance System (HPS) laser 120 W (PVP) and 980 nm diode laser 300 W (CVP) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a prospective, single‐center, randomized clinical trial.

Methods

A total of 153 consecutive patients with symptomatic BPH were included; 79 patients were treated with PVP and 74 with CVP. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively using the International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life index, peak urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine volume. All perioperative and postoperative complications were noted.

Results

There were significant and comparable improvements in each of the outcome variables over a follow‐up period of 12 months in both groups. The mean operation/vaporization duration (minutes) was comparable at 74/38 (PVP) and 76/34 (CVP), whereas the mean applied laser energy was significantly higher with CVP than with PVP at 260 vs 195 (kJ), respectively. The mean vaporization rate (mL/min) was not significantly different between the two groups (0.53 PVP vs 0.56 CVP). Immediately after surgery, the rate of recatheterization for urinary retention was significantly higher with CVP than with PVP (17.6% vs 6.8%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both laser systems provided comparable improvement in the subjective and objective parameters with excellent hemostatic properties. Although our results suggest that both procedures are useful treatment choices, further follow‐up is needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the most ideal laser for treating patients with symptomatic BPH.
Intralesional steroid injection combined with bladder neck incision is efficacious in the treatment of recurrent bladder neck contracture
Authors: Mann Jordan A. , Silverman Joshua , Westenberg Andre
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Bladder neck contracture (BNC) is a well‐recognized complication following radical prostatectomy (RP). This problem may recur after failing initial endoscopic management. This study evaluated the efficacy of intralesional steroid injection combined with bladder neck incision (BNI) for recurrent BNC following RP.

Methods

Between November 2011 and March 2018, data from all men who underwent BNI and intralesional steroid injection for recurrent BNC from a single regional center were collected. BNC was diagnosed endoscopically and identified as recurrent if having previously failed endoscopic management with BNI alone. Follow up was initially performed at 3 months with an International Prostate Symptom Score and urinary flow rate. Patients were noted to be recurrence‐free when discharged from follow up or after having undergone a continence procedure indicating stability of the contracture.

Results

Thirty patients underwent BNI and intralesional steroid injection for recurrent BNC over the study period. All patients had received prior endoscopic incision of BNC without lasting success. Seventy percent (21/30) of patients were recurrence‐free post‐procedure, and this increased to 83.3% (25/30) after a repeat procedure in four patients. All five patients who had previous salvage radiotherapy had their recurrent BNC successfully managed with one BNI and intralesional steroid injection. The mean follow up was 33.4 months (range 7‐75). There were no adverse events recorded.

Conclusions

BNI combined with injection of intralesional steroids is a simple, cost‐effective intervention which requires no specialist equipment/skills outside the realm of a general urologist. It is safe and has an excellent success rate.