bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Study of Tasavvuf in Albanian Literature: From Conception to the Tasavvuf Attendance
Authors: Balaban Adem , Çağlayan Bünyamin , Ombashı Rahım
Published: July 2017

Hafiz Ali Korça had singled Islamic mysticism and its poetics, the tasavvuf, Oriental Sufi literature of Omar Khayyam. Nezim Berati, author of the Divan, the names mutesavvif. The form and manner of spiritual cleansing, uplifting, lighting internal and external, in order to obtain the agreement of God and eternal bliss, has singled out the Eqrem Çabej to Naim Frashëri poetic beginnings. Religious feelings helped him strengthen ethnic sense. The Divan, in complex form of oriental supplied popular culture, written text spoken text (sung text). Paid the debt that had to Albanian oral literary culture. The study will argue that the Albanian literature is added value. Our history of the spiritual culture of literary monuments go 4. The Divan first Albanian has pure literary discourse. It is a way of being self-sufficient. The truth of gazellas, his kasidas possible. Marked what could happen. The event provided the writers figured through the process of story, description or image. Real size of fables not lose, time and space are not fantasy. Therefore this is not fantasy literature, but the tassavvuf. Its hero acts in the domain of spirituality. As a combination of spiritual requirements for completing their dream. It is poetry as a separate value and beauty. Austrian researcher Han author make antonymyzation Anakreont of Albania. The Divan in Albanian literature was a unified stylistic formation, which served the Islamic aesthetic purpose. Her literary theoretical codification is tasavvuf. Is more universal than the national poet, despite the trend towards national.
Scales towards Adulthood – Scales through Life
Authors: Denkova Jovanka
Published: July 2017

Adolescence is defined as the period between childhood and adulthood, characterized by dynamic physical development and significant changes in cognitive, emotional and social development. In the novel "Skalila“ from Kata Misirkova-Rumenova depicting the lives of young adolescents transition to adulthood that transition survive alone because their parents workload without the necessary care and advice of them. In this time, some of them continue on track and some straying from the path and reject the true values ??in life.
Saint Augustine’s Invention of the Inner-Man: A Short Journey to The History of the Internality of the West
Authors: Kayikci Halil
Published: July 2017

Phrases such as inner-man, inner-self, inner-vision and inner-hearing occupy an important place in the philosophy of Saint Augustine (AD 354-430). Inner-man phrases are dominant to the Augustin ’ s explanations relating to knowledge. Besides function as a means to explain thoughts of Augustine relating to knowledge, these phrases also function as a means to connect his explanations relating to knowledge to other areas of Augustine ’ s philosophy. Before Augustine tazhere was internality also. For example in Jewishness it was thought as conscience which speaks to the individual from his inside. Saint Paul used it as the intelligent part of the soul, but Paul was influenced by Plato. But the person who uses inner-man phrases systematically and who develops an epistemology directed to subject ’ s understanding himself and who in this way starts the tradition of internality of the West is Saint Augustine.
Cinema and Philosophical Education: from Wittgenstein to Deleuze
Authors: Baranova Jūratė
Published: July 2017

Bruce Russell argues, that cinema cannot create the philosophical knowledge for the reason that the answers to philosophical questions are contradictory and not obvious, the explicit argumentation is needed if the person is inclined to give justified answers to philosophical questions. Given examples are not satisfactory for philosophizing. On the other hand Slavoj Žižek, Stanley Cavell and Gilles Deleuze seems do not see this obvious gap between cinema and philosophy. They discuss the cinema as philosophy. What presumptions are needed for this approach? How this approach could be adapted in the philosophy education?
Application of Gagne’s Nine Approaches to Teach Arabic Language for Non-Native Speakers: Experimental study at Sultan Idris Education University Malaysia (UPSI)
Authors: Mei Fatimah Suo Yan , Ramli Saipolbarin Bin , Alhirtani Nahla A. K.
Published: July 2017

The Arabic language is not an easy language to learn for non-native speakers if the teachers are not proficient in the teaching methods and strategies. Here, it is essential that teachers can benefit from Gagne’s nine approaches in the teaching for any subjects, especial, in teaching languages. Therefore, the learning outcome will be more effective if the teachers apply Gagne’s nine events in the Arabic language classroom. This study focuses on the experiences of the application of Robert Gagne’s nine approaches in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers at the Sultan Idris University of Education Malaysia. The study aims to find the effective results of their experiences in the application of the nine approaches for Gagne in teaching Arabic language to non-native speakers at the university. This paper is based on a descriptive analysis method to indicate the nine-approach theory and its importance in education and teaching, as well as the experience of the researcher in their teaching Arabic language. Among the most important results in the application of the nine events in teaching Arabic were to make teaching activities’ more effective and attractive, to help teachers how to facilitate the process of teaching Arabic in the classroom and to centralize the students focus during the lessons. The study concludes with some recommendations and suggestions.
Universal Nominations Samples in Main Languages
Authors: Bakytgul Kulzhanova , Berikbay Sagyndykuly
Published: July 2017

Significant discoveries are made in Turkology in recent years. As a result, there is a great opportunity to explore in-depth of the history of the word. If to be exact, the most important things, the archetypes of consonant of Turkic languages (including world languages in its broad sense) are identified. Significant results are made due to the fact of clarification of original and archaic types of sounds. The importance of the restoration of archetype of consonants and vowels in retrospective direction or, on the contrary, the replacement of their synchronic variants that were formulated over time in perspective direction is the following: if etymology of any word is analyzed, it will be easier to explore its origin.
Semantic Changes – the Factors and Consequences of the Word Meaning Process
Authors: Daiu Sonila
Published: July 2017

This paper covers the linguistic and non- linguistic phenomena of semantic changes. This paper aims to deal with the main factors, the nature and the consequences which bring to this semantic change of the word meaning.Using all the time a comparative approach, we have tried to address to four main factors and consequences of this change: internal linguistic factors, historical factors or cultural changes, social factors, psychological factors which can help us to understand the actual meaning of a word, illustrating them with relevant examples from both English and Albanian language.
Teacher’s Proficiency, and the Communicative Approach in Enhancing Students’ Performance in English Language Learning
Authors: Kasumi Hysen
Published: July 2017

Even though we live in the century of constructivism, where teaching is based on student-centered model of constructivist approach, again the teacher plays a key role in teaching and learning. Therefore, our research has to do with the literature review, regarding teacher’s qualities, skills and knowledge to fit with the new experiences, needs and challenges. In our research, we used the qualitative method by observing the English language teachers and their uses of the English teaching methods, to continue with the implementation of Communicative Language Teaching Syllabus in some urban and rural schools of Republic of Kosovo. Furthermore, there was also conducted an empirical research regarding student performance based on the four language skills such as reading, writing, speaking and listening. It was also used the experimental method to see the differences of students’ performance, of those who are taught using the Communicative Language Teaching Methodand those who are taught with other methods.
Open Source Corpus as a Tool for Translation Training
Authors: Romli Taj Rijal Muhamad , Jumingan Muhamad Fauzi
Published: July 2017

Building a sentence into Arabic is rather difficult for amateur translators. Similarly,is the case for Malay students who particularly learn how to build sentences in writing. Usage of dictionaries also is not enough to convey the translation, especially in translating phrases and sentences from the Malay language into Arabic. Students are incapable of building sentences in Arabic because of lack of exposure to the structure of Arabic sentences. This weakness is discovered by most schools and universities in their writing exercises (Rosni, 2012), Ab. Halim Mohamad (2009), Che Radiah (2009). Generally, the dictionary is very suitable to be used in the search for meaning in the words but not the meaning of the sentence. This paper proposes a method of comparing comparable text of both languages through comparable corpora of both. It can also be called as a tool for translators. In addition to using the dictionary, students are guided to understand the structure of the original Arabic sentences with the comparative method, then apply it in the form of a writing exercise. In this process, teachers, students and amateur translators need to use the computer as a tool and open access data corpus in websites as the ingredient. Translated texts or guide texts for writing exercises are based on Aker and colleagues (2012) method of selection. Text is filtered using Webcorp open corpus engine http://www.webcorp.org.uk/live/ and also through Google open database https://www.google.com. Through this method, the search for similarities between the first and the second language can be exploited. Any text that is identified as having the closest comparable will be used in the classroom. It helps students and translators to build sentences into Arabic by comparison and evaluation of the original text in the corpus. At the same time students are also able to understand and recognize indirectly the structure of the original Arabic sentences. Hopefully this method will help amateur translators and students improve their quality of translation and writing in Arabic.
Female Authors under the Mask of a Male Pseudonym - Some Approaches to Revealing Authors’ Gender
Authors: Matkovic Roberta , Habrle Tanja
Published: July 2017

A patriarchal society has very clear and rigid norms. Its frame does not allow one to move out of it, and a mode of behaviour which attempts any change is severely punished. This kind of society has strict written and unwritten rules, and it seems that the second kind are more harmful and painful for the individual than the first. In 19th century, European society was strongly patriarchal, and a phenomenon which confirms this is the fact that many female writers published their works under a male pseudonym. A patriarchal system attempts to prevent women from any artistic and scientific form and expression, as they are labelled as less intellectually able or talented, but by choosing a male pseudonym they found a way to reach their goal. An author writes about what he knows, what surrounds him and/or what he notices, feels and thinks. Considering that a patriarchal society system is highly defined, female and male points of view, their angles of reflection and aims are obviously different. In novels, choice of character and situation and the description of such, can easily reveal an author’s gender. These approaches will be illustrated by analysing the work of Vincenza Speraz, who lived in North Italy between the 19th and 20th centuries, and published her works under the pseudonym Bruno Sperani.
Images of the Gentleman in Victorian Fiction
Authors: Terci Mahmut
Published: July 2017

The term ‘gentleman’ has been used in English culture by an enormous number of people loading varied meanings to its concept. The idea of the ‘gentleman’ has attracted many historians, philosophers, religious figures and writers. Countless comments have been uttered and a large number of studies have been written about it and probably many more will be published in the future. Who were or are called gentlemen then or now? What qualities are necessary for a person to be a gentleman? How does a historian, a philosopher, a social scientist, a religious figure or a writer define the term gentleman? In which period of history being a gentleman was fashionable? The complex mixture of qualities expected in a gentleman such as his ‘birthright’, ‘education’, ‘wealth’, ‘income’, ‘vocation’, ‘civic responsibilities’ and ‘personal virtue’ have made it difficult to pinpoint exact definition. Although it has been hard for everybody to pinpoint an exact definition for the term because of its connotations with ‘masculinity’, ‘social class’, ‘manners’, ‘morality’ and ‘Englishness’ we have brought varied views of critics, writers and important figures to observe their point of views. We need to see the gentleman’s social position in the English gentry and his evolution from fifteenth century to nineteenth century. While the gentleman’s chivalric qualities used to play important roles as well as his social status and wealth in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the gentleman’s manners and morals gained more importance in the coming up centuriesThe purpose of this paper is to offer a clearer picture of the concept of the gentleman especially in the Victorian times.
The Gentleman of Birth: Oliver Twist
Authors: Terci Mahmut
Published: July 2017

As the focus in this article is mainly on Dickens’s descriptions of the gentleman of birth in Oliver Twist, selected extracts from the novel as well as critics’ opinions will help us analyze the gentlemanly attitudes of the main characters connected to their noble origin and gentle manners. While Oliver opens his eyes in poor conditions, he always feels that he has noble blood. Dickens believes that manners not social status make people true gentlemen yet, he mixes the ‘noble origin’ issue in his novel Oliver Twist, probably as a result of the Victorian people’s perception of ‘gentility’ which was very close to the concept of ‘nobility’. Since Dickens added the flavor of ‘noble’ birth, his naïve nature as well as his perceptions – the way how he interprets people’s behavior and things which happen around him and which construct his identity, his pure heart and his fate (reference to his belief and sincere praying) remarkably influence the positive changes in his life time. Dickens’s little hero, Oliver Twist, while naturally appreciating goodness, is disgusted by immoral things like ‘stealing,’ which was unfortunately happening around. What are the main factors that shape his kind, noble and naïve character? Is it ‘nature’ or ‘nurture’? What could be the major reasons for Nancy, Rose and Mr. Brownlow to give their assistance to Oliver? Whose –Mr. Brownlow’s or Fagin’s– teachings or influences are welcomed by Oliver? The answers to these questions will eventually illustrate how gentlemanly manners are inherited or acquired by Oliver.
Translating Literariness: Allen Ginsberg’s “Howl” Vs Ukë Zenel Buçpapaj’s “Kujë”
Authors: Poshi Ilda , Kaceli Ilirjana
Published: July 2017

Prior to being accepted as a real and systematic discipline translation has been lengthily considered a multi-sided driving force used to enable multi-cultural/linguistic communication. As experience shows, translation was born as a practical endeavour to convey social, historical and cultural disparities between countries and only in the 1960s, thanks to Holmes, it was recognised as a solid discipline inexorably intertwined with other disciplines. Moreover, and above all, translation is not just science, it is not a mere process of decoding the encoded – it is an art. Such categorisation is what made Otokar Fischer and other scholars faithfully promote translation as an interface between science and art. This is what this research will try to encompass. We will see how in literary translation, the art of translating marries the theory so that to explain the uniqueness of this discipline. In addition, we will see the concept of literariness as an element of paramount importance in literary translation and especially in poetry, the most sublime aka most problematic genre of literature. As P.B Shelley confesses in A Defence of Poetry: “Poetry ... awakens and enlarges the mind itself by rendering it the receptacle of a thousand unapprehended combinations of thought. Poetry lifts the veil from the hidden beauty of the world, and makes familiar objects be as if they were not familiar; it reproduces all that it represents, and the impersonations clothed in its Elysian light stand thenceforward in the minds of those who have once contemplated them, as memorials of that gentle and exalted content which extends itself over all thoughts and actions with which it coexists. (P.B. Shelley, 1904, 33). Dynamic equivalence is the key to achieve the explanation of complex phenomena through simpler phenomena happening in literary translation and especially in poetry. Through an inductive-descriptive method we aim at bringing light to how and to what extent literariness can be translated by analysing coram Allen Ginsberg’s Howl and its translation in Albanian Kujë by Ukë Zenel Buçpapaj. This way we will see the essential and irreplaceable niche literariness occupies in poetry translation.
History and Typology of the Instrumental Case (Based on the Comparative Study of the Literary Documents in Turkic Languages)
Authors: Gadimaliyeva Aynur
Published: July 2017

This article touches upon the research, which employing comparative historical approach has been carried on about the instrument-togetherness (instrumental) case – the seventh case of noun, which is used in most of the Turkic languages, but has been removed from grammar books after becoming archaic in the Azerbaijani literary language. This case, having kept its place in the history of development of the Azerbaijani language is still evident in stabilised state within some lexical units through the suffixes –ın, in, which are the morphological indicators of the instrumental case. As postpositions birlə, bilə, ilə, -la, -lə denote togetherness, this has caused the expulsion of the instrumental case from among the case paradigm. This article uses the samples selected from the XV century literary works, analyzes the morphological indicators of this ancient case, and compares them to the sources in other Turkic languages.
Cultural Inequivalences from Albanian into English in the Translation of “Pallati I Ëndrrave” by Ismail Kadare
Authors: Braçaj Morena
Published: July 2017

This article focuses on cultural translation, especially addressing the issue of cultural inequivalences or losses occurring in the translation of “Pallati i Ëndrrave” written by Ismail Kadare. The main aim of this article is to investigate how different cultural aspects of source text are transmitted into the target text, causing cultural losses. As we might know, cultural losses are defined as the losses of cultural norms, social customs, idioms, and proverbial wisdom that are inherited through generations and comprise the identity of the source culture. Such losses occur during the process of correlating the verbal signs of one culture to another different culture and result mainly from misrepresenting the literariness of the source text and its pragmatic forces. Therefore, to present such cases, many examples of cultural losses are given, which are divided based on different type of losses in both version. Thus, in order to illustrate cultural aspects in literature, we analyze figurative language such as culture items, idiomatic expressions, proverbs in two texts: Albanian (the source text) and English (the target text). The analysis of examples have shown that translation of cultural aspects of the source text was communicatively successful, however, it failed to represent the culture-bound words which represent the implicit level of the source text. In this sense, we argue that figurative language and cultural terms of the source text are unfamiliar for target text and they should be looked at from the perspective of a cultural insider.
Results of Implementing Communicative Language Teaching Method in English Language Learning in 9-Year Elementary Schools. (Albanian Context)
Authors: Kapurani Evis
Published: July 2017

Theoretically Communicative Language Teaching Method (CLT) claims to be one of the best available foreign language teaching methods in teaching and learning foreign language in communication because it improves effectively not only communicative competence of students but also their language acquisition and its use in Albanian schools is an innovation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results that the use of a contemporary interactive student-centered method has when it is used in learning a foreign language compared with traditional methods. This is an empirical study which includes control groups where traditional methods are used and experimental groups where CLT method is used based on a comparison between these methods for a period of 6 months. It is mainly focused on the implementation of CLT in Albanian 9-year elementary schools in learning English as a foreign language through communication and interaction compared with other traditional methods used. The study analyzes the impact, results and advantages of the use in practice of CLT method in Albanian 9-year elementary schools on sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades, its efficacy in learning, in foreign language acquisition and students performance in four language skills. It contains an analysis of theory versus practice use of CLT as a foreign language teaching method. The data about the implementation of CLT method in practice are collected from teachers and students in Albanian 9-year elementary schools through classroom observation and tests. Classroom observations are focused on finding how the teacher develops the lessons and if it is based on CLT principles on experimental groups and how students react during the lesson in comparison with control groups. Tests are used to compare students’ results on learning based on their grades in both groups. All results are converted into percentages. Findings are analyzed based on theoretical issues. The results show that using CLT is a successful method in both learning and teaching compared with other traditional methods.
Equivalent Malay-Arabic Data Corpus Collection
Authors: Romli Taj Rijal Muhamad , Hassan Abd Rauf , Mohamad Hasnah
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to introduce a search strategy and collecting comparable sentences of Arab-Malay corpus data. This method was introduced for the use of students, researchers and amateur translators to search and compare the structure of sentences in Arabic and Malay. The first stage is to collect data corpus with high impact titles from the press and must be able to enlarge the scope of study as stated by Maia (2003). The second stage is to search using the specified key words based on selected high-impact titles such as the Football World Cup year 2010 and 2014. Data search is by using Webcorp engine http://www.webcorp.org.uk/live/ corpus and also open database Google https://www.google.com. The third stage is to filter the data by using Aker et.al (2012) and Braschler's (1998) method based on similar story, related story and similar aspects. At the fourth stage every category is measured by Guidere's (2002) equivalence strength which is strong comparability (SC), medium (MC) and weak (WC). At the last stage comparable sentences between the two languages are compiled in parallel according to Mona Baker’s (1992) level of grouping which are sentence level, combination of words, grammatical, pragmatic and textual level. The result from data analysis based on Mona Baker and Vinay - Darbelnet’s (1995) comparable theory proved the existence of some sentences in large quantities are on the same level of comparability from the point of information delivery. This can be used as the basis of additional evidence concerning the validity of 'universal theory.' in the science of translation.
“We Are Making One Story, Yes?” - The Poetics of Interconnection in Postmodern Literature in a Global Age
Authors: Wallraven Miriam
Published: July 2017

During the last decades, theories of interconnection and linking have been in the centre of many academic discourses: what goes back to the ancient hermetic worldview that regards everything as connected has been taken up in studies on our globalised world, for example as relationality in the form of cosmodernism. Thus, society has been regarded as linked in areas as different as social networks or globalised markets. In this paper, it is shown how such interconnections are created by storytelling. For this purpose, three metafictional novels with a multiplot structure are analysed. In Jonathan Safran Foer's novel Everything is Illuminated (2002), storytelling helps two very different characters to search for their identity and a traumatic family past influenced by the Holocaust. In the novel, three textual levels and several narrators make it visible that the search for identity and the past is only possible by interlinked stories and a process of co-authorship. The intricate structure of Catherynne M. Valente's fantastic novel Palimpsest (2009) thematises the connection between human beings and their stories which even spans different worlds. Metafictional structures – especially the structure of the palimpsest – illustrate how the whole world consists of stories written on other stories. David Mitchell's novel Cloud Atlas (2004) consists of six narratives set in different times and places which are connected by symbols, intertextual links, or intermedial adaptations. Hence, in the novel it is shown that despite wars, violence, and the struggle for power throughout history, human beings are connected across time and space – by their stories. By analysing these literary devices, a postmodern poetics of interconnection becomes visible that shows how human history is created by transglobal storytelling.
Interactions Between Lexical and Aspectual Meanings in Albanian
Authors: Prendushi Gjilda Alimhilli
Published: July 2017

In this paper, part of a more wide study, we introduce and analyze some elements of aspect with its typical interactions with lexical verb classes in Standard Albanian. The grammatical meaning of the verbal aspect interacts with the lexical meaning of a given verb in group-specific ways, so that the kind of interaction in the case of a given aspect opposition can be used in order to classify verbs. The main criterion for the classification is the temporal dynamics expressed by the verbs in question, i. e. the probability according to which a given action or a particular state may change over time. In the specific case of the perfective aspect (aorist), the relationship between the operator and operandum consists in the action carried out with the presence, or less, of a result, or in the beginning of the action, or simply in the limited duration of verbal action. On the other hand, the imperfective (imperfect - synthetic and analytical forms) can be combined, in principle, with all verbs, but also in this case, with the typical effects according to their verbal action. One particularly efficacious method for underlining similar syntactic irregularities consists in the analysis of the degree of coincidence between each given verbal class and a selected set, as with a time complement or with aspectual verbs. As regards particular problems, in some cases, we have also investigated the subject and the object in the sentence. The study of these questions and the semantic-syntactical analyses have made it possible to present the particularities of the verbal classes according to the verbal action of the Albanian language.
The Arabic Teacher’s Training and the Effect of Their Work Success: a Case Study of Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI)
Authors: Mei Suo Yan , Zakaria Zarima , Adam Zalika , Ju Suo Yan
Published: July 2017

This research investigates the Arabic Teachers’ training and the effect of their work success, a case study of Sultan Idris Education University Malaysia (UPSI). The study will use mixed methods between quantitative which use questioners that will distribute among students at UPSI those who studying and was studied Arabic language as their medium.. This study found that the teachers’ training was highly impacted on their work success in the field according to the data collection of the study. Overall, The contents, materials, facilities and curriculum which are offered by the Arabic unit of UPSI was suitable for the teacher’s training, as well as , the students were giving full intentions to all language skills and another sub educational skills during their training and practical training. Clarity, it seems that majority of students were familiar with the teaching methods used in teaching and learning process based on the high percentage
Competence - Based Learning in the Romanian Higher Education: Perceptions from the Inside
Authors: Coman Adela , Bonciu Catalina
Published: July 2017

This study aims to address the problem of competencies offered by the Romanian universities, from the perspective of the players interested in them and present on the labor market: post-university graduates and employers, as competencies’ beneficiaries. We started from the premise that postgraduate studies can make a difference in a changing labor market, and the Master specializations offered by the Romanian universities can provide the competencies required by the employers, particularly in the business world. Our exploratory research aimed mainly to clarify the following aspects: the perception of post-university graduates on the competencies acquired and the perceived level of these competencies; if there is a link between the postgraduate programme and the job currently held by the graduate; if graduates are satisfied /dissatisfied with their job and what is the main reason for satisfaction / dissatisfaction; if the competencies provided by the university coincide with the competencies required by the employer. The results of the research showed that there are categories of competencies perceived to be deficient, both by graduates and employers. However, the graduates declare that, broadly, they are satisfied with their jobs, the reasons not being linked, in most cases, with their level of competence.
Communication Strategies Used by Middle Estern Postgrduate Students at Service Encounters in Univsersty Malaya
Authors: Yanju Suo , Yanmei Suo
Published: July 2017

Communication strategies are important in helping L2 learners to communicate successfully when they are faced with a problem in speech production. This study looked at one of the components in Communication Competence, i.e strategy competence or the use of Communication Strategies (CS) in oral interactions among Middle Eastern students and counter staff in institute of postgraduate studies (IPS) at University of Malay. Data collected from video-tape and interviews were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was found that the most frequently used communication strategy was the use of “modification devices‟. The other strategies used frequency were“interaction strategies”, “compensatory strategies” “avoidance strategies” and “L2-based strategies”. The results showed that students used different communication strategies to overcome their communication difficulties. The main aim of using the communication strategies is to avoid communication breakdown. Consequently, Second language learners should be encouraged to use communication strategies to develop their oral skills and help them more effective in oral communication with their limited English language proficiency. The implications and suggestions from this study towards development the teaching and learning of ESL were also presented.
Nominal Group Technique: a Brainstorming Tool for Identifying Learning Activities Using Musical Instruments to Enhance Creativity and Imagination of Young Children.
Authors: Hashim Abdul Talib , Ariffin Azli , Razalli Abdul , Shukor Abd Aziz , Nizamnasrifan Mohd , Yusof Abu Bakar
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify consensus by experts on appropriate activities to enhance the development of preschool children's imagination through the use of musical instruments. In order to obtain an in-depth understanding of teachers’ conceptions on imagination in creativity development and their beliefs about the best way to promote imagination in the classroom, the nominal group technique (NGT) was used to structure each focus group meeting. Finding shows a list of activities that have been sorted according to ranking as determined by the experts. All the experts also believe that the list of activities can boost the child's imagination because such activities have the characteristics that suit well with children.
Nietzsche’s Approach on History and The Great Gatsby’s Historiographical Performance
Authors: Gürgen Deniz
Published: July 2017

For Nietzsche, history creates the dull illusion of past. The constructed nature of the historiography that narrates the past through the perspective of the present drains the vital energy of the past and transforms it into a carcass. For the cure, Nietzsche suggests incorporating the artistic approach into the practice of historiography. He explains that art has the opposite effect of history in terms of vitality. In his consideration, if history transforms into a pure piece of art than it would involve and be able to transmit the vital energy of past. The artistic approach to historiography would recreate the sensation of the past hence the representation would sustain the vital energy. Nietzsche’s suggestion towards the artistic execution of historiography provides a fruitful field to discuss the historiographical performance of the diegetic historical film. Baz Luhrmann’s The Great Gatsby’s (2013) will be analyzed through in the presentation with such perspective.
Relationship Between the Socio Education Factors to English Language Learning in Albania High Schools and Pupil’s Final Grades in English Course
Authors: Softa Valbona
Published: July 2017

This paper aimed to study the relationship between the socioeducative factors from Attitude Motivation Test Battery, (AMTB, Gardner R.C. 2004) for learning English as a foreign language in high schools in Albania and the pupils` achievement, the final grades in English course. The study found that the correlation with Spearman Rho coefficient was significant at p"smaller than".05 and the grades in English course were moderately related with four variables: first, the integrative language role r=.404, p"smaller than"0.001, second, motivation r=.361, p"smaller than"0.001, third, parental support r=.313, p=0.001, and fourth, instrumental language orientation r=.305, p"smaller than"0.001. It was found a smaller correlation value between grades and pupils’ attitudes towards the English learning context at the value: r=.164, p"smaller than"0.001. A small negative, but significant correlation was found between pupils` anxiety to learn the language and the grades in English course: r=-.130, p"smaller than"0.001.
Structural Forms of Feminine Psyche in Scheherazade According to Toni Wolff's Quaternity
Authors: Mosavat Mitra , Taebi Zohre , Mosavat Sara
Published: July 2017

The universality and significance of The Thousand and One Nights is undeniable: the complexity of the book has combined its various literary techniques to create a masterpiece which has been translated by famous figures, and has influenced many writers all around the world. The central figure of The Thousand and One Nights is its female narrator, Scheherazade, whose complex personality has a great potential to be studied. One of psychological theories which can fully present this complexity and multidimensionality is Toni Wolff's quaternity. Wolff, a Swiss analytical psychologist and one of Jung's students, is best known for her paper on four aspects or structural forms of feminine psyche, which are the Mother, the Hetaira, the Amazon, and the Medial. These four aspects, though working independently, form the feminine psyche: if they are put in a balance with each other, the personality is a complete one. The present article is an attempt to apply Wolff's structural forms of feminine psyche in Scheherazade's character: first, the basic tenets of Wolff's quaternity is presented and consequently, her views will be examined in the various stories narrated by Scheherazade, since the four aspects mentioned above are crystalized in women characters of The Thousand and One Nights.
The Grammar Odyssey
Authors: Metom Lilly , Tom Amelia , Shuib Awang
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a study of an innovation project titled ‘The Grammar Odyssey’, which is a language board game that is specifically designed for beginner and intermediate levels of learners. The board game is a handy device for learning the English grammar items, which integrates fun, simplicity and practicality in order to motivate players to learn grammar. Having mentioned this, learning the English grammar items does not stop at the classroom environment. In fact, language acquisition continues to adulthood even after years of leaving the school, college or institution. Hence, the sample of this research encompassed 22 adult staff members aged 28-57 years old from various administrative and support departments at Universiti Teknologi MARA Sarawak, Malaysia. This research aimed to identify their acceptance and feedback towards the learning of grammar items through the use of the language board game. Based on the survey conducted on the staff’s feedback after playing the board game, a huge majority of the participants responded positively to the board game, stating that it was a useful, practical and fun tool for learning the English grammar. Thus, using the right approach to learn grammar is essential to help learners of all ages and levels acquire the skills effectively.
Causative Sentence Characteristic’s Based on Its Semantic-Structure
Authors: Velencia Fabiana
Published: July 2017

The paper discuses the basic characteristics of the causative connectors based on the Albanian scholars. The Albania scholar Floqi has divided in seven types the causative sentence characteristic’s based on its semantic-structure: a) direct causative sentences; b) argumentative causative sentences of conclusion; c) argumentative causative sentences of order; d) causative sentences of conditional saying; e) additional and middle causative sentences; f) evaluative causative sentences; g) feelings (emotional) causative sentences. The causative sentences are grouped based on the connector that connects the two sentences, one of the sentences is the main one and the other is the subordinate one. 1- Causal sentences linked with the connector se (that, but) 2- Causal connectors pse (wherefore) less used nowadays 3- The causal connector që (that) can be substituted with se (that) 4- The causal connector sepse (because) can give all the nuances of the cause 5- The connectors: se, sepse, që (that, because, that…) in the spoken language are parallel. The second part of the article analyses the type of the given connectors taken in an artistic book.
Expelliarmus Versus Dëbimus: Harry Potter’s Magical World in Albanian Language
Authors: Alla Aida
Published: July 2017

The Harry Potter saga, written by the British writer J.K. Rowling, has gained accredited attention worldwide, thus being translated in more than 64 languages, including Albanian, and selling more than 450 million copies. The saga combines a variety of genres, fantasy being the most predominant one. The magical elements in the fantasy genre are portrayed with a delicate choice of words on the part of the writer, encompassing neologisms, Latinisms and French-rooted words which name the objects, events, behaviors of the imaginary world, to mention a few. The present paper aims to investigate how these features are rendered into Albanian so that the effect of the source text is preserved in the target text. The first three Harry Potter novels will constitute the corpus of our study. Such an investigation will be possible through the conduction of a comparative analysis illustrated with examples which will theoretically be based on the translation procedures and strategies offered by scholars in the discipline of translation studies. Two approaches will be utilized as far as analysis is concerned: following Axiela’s division of culture specific items in two groups – common expressions and proper nouns - Finally, conclusions will be drawn regarding the transfer of the similar effect of the magic-related terms from the source text to the target text.
The British Council’s Development After the Second World War
Authors: Sahel Malika
Published: July 2017

After the Second World War, Britain’s position knew a significant change; a time which coincided with a turning point in Britain’s colonial and foreign policies which particularly agreed upon the importance of British Cultural enterprise overseas. Thus, the British Council was encouraged to expand its work in order to improve Britain’s damaged image and further British influence.
Collaborative Learning through Literature Circles in EFL
Authors: Bedel Osman
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses how the introduction of ‘literature circles’ have led to the stimulation of social interaction among language learners. These social interactions happen because members of the literary circles are able to read and understand a book of choice, and assign participating student members their responsibility through structured time and assessment. They are primarily guided by students’ insights and questions and they apply each other's learning, reading, writing, and speaking skills, making this approach to learning flexible and fluid, while initiating collaborative social interaction at the same time. This collaborative learning and social interactions have been applied in classrooms of ‘English as a Foreign Language’ learners. This paper looks into the need for literature circles that promote collaborative learning in the EFL classroom, in order to attain higher levels of language and literary skills. The research also shows that literature circles as reader-response centric have come to constitute a part of a balanced literacy program in learning foreign language in general and the English language in particular.
The Political Contribution of Albanian Writers in Defining Albanian Identity: the Debate between Ismail Kadare and Rexhep Qosja
Authors: Xhaferi Përparim
Published: July 2017

This paper will explore some elements of the contested notion of Albanian identity through a short analysis of the thesis put forward by the Albanian prominent writer, Ismail Kadare. Kadare claims that Albania belongs to the European family, and the Ottoman ‘barbarians’ unjustly ‘removed’ Albania from Europe for five centuries. His main opposing voice, Kosovar academic, Rexhep Qosja, rejects Kadare’s Albanian identity interpretation. In contrast to Kadare, Qosja argues that the Albanian identity has more similarities with Oriental-Eastern culture, and therefore, does not reflect Europe. Religious controversy is present on both sides. The paper will explore how expansive contribution of both Albanian writers, while appreciated, has also been instrumental in defining the Albanian identity. The Kadare-Qosja argument is the overarching question with regards to Albanian identity, which is still polarising Albanians. After a short analysis of the Kadare-Qosja debate, this paper will emphasise some opinions of the Albanian analysts, media, writers and politicians. The paper will then conclude with some remarks, as Kadare, Qosja, and others need to constructively debate the Albanian identity question and avoid drawing on personal differences between the two; which for obvious reasons do exist.
On some Passions of the Characters in Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” (a Semiotic Prospective)
Authors: Hoxha Bujar
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present paper shall be to analyze determined semantic taxonomies of the main characters in Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet”. The focus shall be on rendering characters’ actions passionate, due to a semiotics of action, as described in Greimas and Fontanille (1993). To my opinion, universal themes such as love, hatred, death, etc. can be subject to a passionate configuration of different characters perspective in action. This shall also be due to the recent definition of semiotics as a cognitive science on meaning interpretation. In conclusion, characters’ passions resulting as final semantic entities shall give this study an empirical account for at least two reasons: first to argument semiotics’ importance of artistic expressivity and second, to argument semiotics’ epistemological significance besides its ontological one. “The signs’ way” as Deely (2009) states, gives us the possibility of treating each character’s perspective separately, thus rendering the signification process for each sign taken as an example separately.
Impact of Offenses in Alternative Sentences
Authors: Leka Adrian
Published: July 2017

Alternative sentences prevent violence and help the community. Prison is known as a place where people are confined and restricted from personal freedom. There are a lot of crime categories where exists different type of offenders, but on the other hand there are a lot of solutions for each of them .Imprisonment is not always the only way to punish an offender. As alternative sentences we can list some of them: a suspended sentence, probation, fines, restitution, community service and deferred adjudication/pretrial diversion. Alternative sentences can be different based on the type and harshness of the crime, the effect of the crime on the victims, the age of the defendant, the defendants criminal history and the defendants remorse. This is decided by the judge, court. Below we will explain some different types of alternative sentences in more details.
Exploring Digital Storytelling on Cultural Issues at the English Lessons in Multilingual Classrooms
Authors: Zhussupova R. F
Published: July 2017

For centuries rendering stories have been the most powerful medium for transmitting cultural heritage to next generations because stories are initially used for the purpose of education. In the past two decades, the dynamic emerging of technological innovations has given fresh start to new forms of culture and language teaching that is completely different from print-based source. Also, computers and digital have become a breeding ground for massive variety of new methodological approaches and pedagogical techniques. Multicultural education is considered to be a good opportunity for our country to integrate young generation into the world economy and global society, but still we come across some difficulties. This research aims at giving an analysis about the implementation of digital storytelling into multicultural education during learning English classes on topic entitled “ ” for the 1st year students which took place 7 weeks. The present questionnaire-based study examines the outcomes of digital storytelling procedures at the Eurasian National University. The study was performed through theoretical study of the phenomenon, observing, monitoring, focus groups’ interviews, and testing. Moreover, the present study was an attempt to investigate the effect of creating and perceiving storytelling on students’ cultural awareness. Data elaboration and statistical analysis were performed. The results of the study showed that the implementation of traditional storytelling with well-designed, attractive and demanding regarding high-ranked cognitive activities integrated with new technology had fulfilled its true instructional potential making students’ minds more creative and provided the perfect environment for language and culture teaching.