bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the relationship between the scattering phase function of cirrus and the atmospheric state
Authors: Baran A. J. , Furtado K. , Labonnote L.-C. , Havemann S. , Thelen J.-C. , Marenco F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. This is the first paper to investigate the relationship between the shape of the scattering phase function of cirrus and the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi, using space-based solar radiometric angle-dependent measurements. The relationship between RHi and the complexity of ice crystals has been previously studied using data from aircraft field campaigns and laboratory cloud chambers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies to date that explore this relationship through the use of remotely sensed space-based angle-dependent solar radiometric measurements. In this paper, one case study of semi-transparent cirrus, which occurred on 25 January 2010 off the north-east coast of Scotland, is used to explore the possibility of such a relationship. Moreover, for the first time, RHi fields predicted by a high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model are combined with satellite retrievals of ice crystal complexity. The NWP model was initialised at midnight, on 25 January 2010, and the mid-latitude RHi field was extracted from the NWP model at 13:00 UTC. At about the same time, there was a PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectance for Atmospheric science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) overpass, and the PARASOL swath covered the NWP-model-predicted RHi field. The cirrus case was located over Scotland and the North Sea. From the satellite channel based at 0.865 μm, the directionally averaged and directional spherical albedos were retrieved between the scattering angles of about 80 and 130°. An ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals is used to predict phase functions that vary between phase functions that exhibit optical features (referred to as pristine) and featureless phase functions. For each of the PARASOL pixels, the phase function that best minimised differences between the spherical albedos was selected. This paper reports, for this one case study, an association between the most featureless phase function model and the highest values of NWP-predicted RHi (i.e. when RHi > 1.0). For pixels associated with NWP-model-predicted RHi < 1, it was impossible to generally discriminate between phase function models at the 5% significance level. It is also shown that the NWP model prediction of the vertical profile of RHi is in good agreement with dropsonde, in situ measurements and independent aircraft-based physical retrievals of RHi. Furthermore, the NWP model prediction of the cirrus cloud-top height and its vertical extent is also found to be in good agreement with aircraft-based lidar measurements.
Nighttime measurements of HOx during the RONOCO project and analysis of the sources of HO2
Authors: Walker H. M. , Stone D. , Ingham T. , Vaughan S. , Bandy B. , Cain M. , Jones R. L. , Kennedy O. J. , McLeod M. , Ouyang B. , Pyle J. , Bauguitte S. , Forster G. , Evans M. J. , Hamilton J. F. , Hopkins J. R. , Lee J. D. , Lewis A. C. , Lidster R. T. , Punjabi S. , Morgan W. T. , Heard D. E.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Measurements of the radical species OH and HO2 were made using the Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (FAGE) technique during a series of nighttime and daytime flights over the UK in summer 2010 and winter 2011. OH was not detected above the instrument's 1σ limit of detection during any of the nighttime flights or during the winter daytime flights, placing upper limits on [OH] of 1.8 × 106 molecule cm−3 and 6.4 × 105 molecule cm−3 for the summer and winter flights, respectively. HO2 reached a maximum concentration of 3.2 × 108 molecule cm−3 (13.6 pptv) during a nighttime flight on 20 July 2010, when the highest concentrations of NO3 and O3 were also recorded. Analysis of the rates of reaction of OH, O3, and the NO3 radical with measured alkenes indicates that the summer nighttime troposphere can be as important for the processing of VOCs as the winter daytime troposphere. Analysis of the instantaneous rate of production of HO2 from the reactions of O3 and NO3 with alkenes has shown that, on average, reactions of NO3 dominated nighttime production of HO2 during summer, and reactions of O3 dominated nighttime HO2 production during winter.
Empirical validation and proof of added value of MUSICA's tropospheric δD remote sensing products
Authors: Schneider M. , González Y. , Dyroff C. , Christner E. , Wiegele A. , Barthlott S. , García O. E. , Sepúlveda E. , Hase F. , Andrey J. , Blumenstock T. , Guirado C. , Ramos R. , Rodríguez S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) integrates tropospheric water vapour isotopologue remote sensing and in situ observations. This paper presents a first empirical validation of MUSICA's H2O and δD remote sensing products, generated from ground-based FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), spectrometer and space-based IASI (infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer) observation. The study is made in the area of the Canary Islands in the subtropical northern Atlantic. As reference we use well calibrated in situ measurements made aboard an aircraft (between 200 and 6800 m a.s.l.) by the dedicated ISOWAT instrument and on the island of Tenerife at two different altitudes (at Izaña, 2370 m a.s.l., and at Teide, 3550 m a.s.l.) by two commercial Picarro L2120-i water isotopologue analysers. The comparison to the ISOWAT profile measurements shows that the remote sensors can well capture the variations in the water vapour isotopologues, and the scatter with respect to the in situ references suggests a δD random uncertainty for the FTIR product of much better than 45‰ in the lower troposphere and of about 15‰ for the middle troposphere. For the middle tropospheric IASI δD product the study suggests a respective uncertainty of about 15‰. In both remote sensing data sets we find a positive δD bias of 30–70‰. Complementing H2O observations with δD data allows moisture transport studies that are not possible with H2O observations alone. We are able to qualitatively demonstrate the added value of the MUSICA δD remote sensing data. We document that the δD–H2O curves obtained from the different in situ and remote sensing data sets (ISOWAT, Picarro at Izaña and Teide, FTIR, and IASI) consistently identify two different moisture transport pathways to the subtropical north eastern Atlantic free troposphere.
Distributions and stoichiometry of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the iron-fertilized region near Kerguelen (Southern Ocean)
Authors: Blain S. , Capparos J. , Guéneuguès A. , Obernosterer I. , Oriol L.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. During KEOPS2 (Kerguelen Ocean and Plateau Compared Study 2), we determined dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus species in the naturally fertilized region of Kerguelen Island (Southern Ocean). Above 150 m, stations were clearly separated by the polar front (PF), with concentrations of NO3-, NO2- and PO43- overall lower north of the PF than south. Though less pronounced, a similar trend was detectable for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). At all stations offshore and above the plateau, a subsurface maximum of NH4+ was observed between 50 and 150 m. We examined nutrient stoichiometry by calculating the linear combination N* = [NO3-]-16 [PO43-]. The majority of stations and depths revealed N* close to −3 μM; however, for surface waters north of the PF, N* increased up to 6 μM. This suggests a preferential uptake of PO43- versus NO3- by fast-growing diatoms. Using the tracer TNxs = [TDN]-16[TDP] (TDN, total dissolved nitrogen; TDP, total dissolved phosphorus) revealed that the dissolved organic fraction significantly contributed to changes in TNxs. TNxs values were negative for most stations and depths, and relatively constant in the 0–500 m layer. As for N*, the stations north of the PF had higher TNxs in the 0–100 m layer. We discuss this stoichiometric anomaly with respect to possible external sources and sinks of N and P. Additional data collected in February 2013 at two sites revealed the occurrence of a subsurface minimum of N* located just below the pycnocline, which denotes a layer where remineralization of particulate organic matter with low N : P ratio P, possibly associated with preferential remineralization of P versus N, persists throughout the season.
Microbial communities responsible for fixation of CO2 revealed by using mcrA, cbbM, cbbL, fthfs, fefe-hydrogenase genes as molecular biomarkers in petroleum reservoirs of different temperatures
Authors: Liu J.-F. , Mbadinga S. M. , Sun X.-B. , Yang G.-C. , Yang S.-Z. , Gu J.-D. , Mu B.-Z.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Sequestration of CO2 in oil reservoir is one of the feasible options for mitigating atmospheric CO2 building up. The in situ bioconversion of sequestrated CO2 to methane by microorganisms inhabiting oil reservoirs is feasible. To evaluate the potential of in situ microbial fixation and conversion of CO2 into CH4 in oil reservoirs, a comprehensive molecular survey was performed to reveal microbial communities inhabiting four oil reservoirs with different temperatures by analysis of functional genes involved in the biochemical pathways of CO2 fixation and CH4 synthesis (cbbM, cbbL, fthfs, [FeFe]-hydrogenase encoding gene, and mcrA). A rich diversity of these functional genes was found in all the samples with both high and low temperatures and they were affiliated to members of the Proteobacteria (cbbL and cbbM, fthfs), Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (fthfs), uncultured bacteria ([FeFe]-hydrogenase), and Methanomirobiales, Methanobacteriales and Methanosarcinales (mcrA). The predominant methanogens were all identified to be hydrogenotrophic CO2-reducing physiological types. These results showed that functional microbial communities capable of microbial fixation and bioconversion of CO2 into methane inhabit widely in oil reservoirs, which is helpful to microbial recycling of sequestrated CO2 to further new energy in oil reservoirs.
Correction of systematic model forcing bias of CLM using assimilation of cosmic-ray Neutrons and land surface temperature: a study in the Heihe Catchment, China
Authors: Han X. , Franssen H.-J. H. , Rosolem R. , Jin R. , Li X. , Vereecken H.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The recent development of the non-invasive cosmic-ray soil moisture sensing technique fills the gap between point-scale soil moisture measurements and regional-scale soil moisture measurements by remote sensing. A cosmic-ray probe measures soil moisture for a footprint with a diameter of ~ 600 m (at sea level) and with an effective measurement depth between 12 and 76 cm, depending on the soil humidity. In this study, it was tested whether neutron counts also allow correcting for a systematic error in the model forcings. A lack of water management data often causes systematic input errors to land surface models. Here, the assimilation procedure was tested for an irrigated corn field (Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research – HiWATER, 2012) where no irrigation data were available as model input although for the area a significant amount of water was irrigated. In the study, the measured cosmic-ray neutron counts and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) products were jointly assimilated into the Community Land Model (CLM) with the local ensemble transform Kalman filter. Different data assimilation scenarios were evaluated, with assimilation of LST and/or cosmic-ray neutron counts, and possibly parameter estimation of leaf area index (LAI). The results show that the direct assimilation of cosmic-ray neutron counts can improve the soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) estimation significantly, correcting for lack of information on irrigation amounts. The joint assimilation of neutron counts and LST could improve further the ET estimation, but the information content of neutron counts exceeded the one of LST. Additional improvement was achieved by calibrating LAI, which after calibration was also closer to independent field measurements. It was concluded that assimilation of neutron counts was useful for ET and soil moisture estimation even if the model has a systematic bias like neglecting irrigation. However, also the assimilation of LST helped to correct the systematic model bias introduced by neglecting irrigation and LST could be used to update soil moisture with state augmentation.
Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Migraine: A Comparative Study
Authors: Karalezli Aylin , Celik Guner , Koktekir Bengu Ekinci , Kucukerdonmez Cem
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To assess choroidal thickness in patients with migraine and compare them with healthy controls, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

In this prospective case-control study, choroidal thicknesses of 20 newly diagnosed migraine patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were measured using a high-speed, high-resolution frequency domain (FD) OCT device (λ = 840 nm, 26.000 A-scans/s, 5 µm axial resolution). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before the measurements. OCT measurements were taken at the same time of day (9:00 AM), in order to minimize the effects of diurnal variation.

Results

There was a statistically significant difference in median choroidal thickness between the migraine patients (277.00 [interquartile range (IQR) 85.75] µm) and controls (301.00 [IQR 90.50] µm) (p = 0.012). There were significant differences at all measurement points (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusions

The decreased choroidal thickness of patients with migraine might be related to the vascular pathology of the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiopathologic relationship between choroidal thickness and migraine.
Symmetric Bimanual Phacofragmentation: A New Approach for Nucleus Disassembly
Authors: Jacobovitz Sergio , Roitberg Marcelo , Massote Victor , Martins Bernardo , Vasconcelos-Santos Daniel Vitor
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To describe a new technique to split the lens nucleus inside the capsular bag, using a novel pair of instruments.

Methods

Two identical instruments are employed on the horizontal axis to promote nuclear splitting into 2 or more fragments. Each instrument has a portion that functions as a hook (H); an anterior edge, opposite to the hook, which acts as a knife (K); and a surface area located between the hook and knife, which functions as a cracker (C).

Results

Nuclei up to grade 4 nuclear sclerosis were successfully fractured employing this technique.

Conclusions

Symmetric bimanual phacofragmentation with HKC instruments provides effective bimanual splitting of nuclei for phacoemulsification, also allowing depth adjustment of cleavage plane, and can be applied for a wide range of nuclear densities.
Patient-Specific Carbon Nanocomposite Tracheal Prosthesis
Authors: Chua Matthew , Chui Chee-Kong , Teo Constance , Lau David
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Surgical removal of the trachea is the current gold standard for treating severe airway carcinoma and stenosis. Resection of 6 cm or more of the trachea requires a replacement graft due to anastomotic tension. The high failure rates of current grafts are attributed to a mismatching of mechanical properties and slow epithelium formation on the inner lumen surface. There is also a current lack of tracheal prostheses that are closely tailored to the patient's anatomy.

Methods

We propose the development of a patient-specific, artificial trachea made of carbon nanotubes and poly-di-methyl-siloxane (CNT-PDMS) composite material. Computational simulations and finite element analysis were used to study the stress behavior of the designed implant in a patient-specific, tracheal model.

Results

Finite element studies indicated that the patient-specific carbon nanocomposite prosthesis produced stress distributions that are closer to that of the natural trachea. In vitro studies conducted on the proposed material have demonstrated its biocompatibility and suitability for sustaining tracheal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies done in porcine models showed no adverse side effects or breathing difficulties, with complete regeneration of the epithelium in the prosthesis lumen within 2 weeks.

Conclusions

This paper highlights the potential of a patient-specific CNT-PDMS graft as a viable airway replacement in severe tracheal carcinoma.
A Simple Diagnostic Test to Confirm Correct Placement of Intravenous Catheters before Chemotherapy
Authors: Keidan Ilan , Ben-Menachem Erez , Berger Raanan , Derazne Estella , Berkenstadt Haim
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using a single injection of diluted sodium bicarbonate, while monitoring exhaled carbon dioxide changes, to reliably confirm correct placement of intravenous (IV) catheters.

Methods

The study was conducted in the oncology day care clinic at a tertiary care center and included a selected group of patients with various oncological conditions who required IV chemotherapy. In each patient a newly inserted peripheral IV catheter or newly accessed central line was deemed positively intravascular if they had good blood return or most probably intravascular if there was no blood return but they flushed easily. This clinical diagnosis of correct positioning, was correlated with the results of a single injection of dilute sodium on the exhaled carbon dioxide, and with the ability of a blinded observer to report whether sodium bicarbonate or saline was injected.

Results

A total of 67 patients were enrolled in the study; 56 had positively intravascular IV catheter while 11 had most probably intravascular IV catheter. A single injection of 20 mL 4.2% sodium bicarbonate had a positive and clinically detectable response that was diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions

IV injection of 20 mL of 4.2% sodium bicarbonate with exhaled carbon dioxide monitoring can be used to reliably confirm correct intravascular placement of a catheter intended to be used for chemotherapy.
Measuring Patient Satisfaction with Vascular Access: Vascular Access Questionnaire Development and Reliability Testing
Authors: Kosa Sarah Daisy , Bhola Cynthia , Lok Charmaine E.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The primary objective of this study is to measure hemodialysis patients' satisfaction with their vascular access. The secondary objective is to evaluate the measurement tool's psychometric properties to assess patient satisfaction with their vascular access.

Methods

We generated a comprehensive list of survey items related to patients' views and satisfaction with their vascular access and administered it to participating in-center hemodialysis patients over 4 months. Following a factor analysis, the items were reduced and rescaled to generate the final short-form vascular access questionnaire (SF-VAQ). The SF-VAQ was then administered to a new cohort of hemodialysis patients on two occasions 1 week apart from February 1, 2012, to April 1, 2014. A repeated measures analysis of variance and psychometric evaluation was conducted.

Results

The final SF-VAQ with 13 items and four domains was administered to 132 patients (35 fistulas, 14 grafts and 83 catheters). The mean Likert value for overall satisfaction on a scale of 1 (low) to 7 (high) was 5.98, with catheters, fistulas and grafts with values of 5.92, 6.46 and 5.21, respectively. The test–retest reliability for two occasions is 0.92 and the internal consistency for the first administration is high at 0.84.

Conclusions

The SF-VAQ is a short, simple to administer vascular access-specific questionnaire with robust psychometric properties that can be used to obtain the patient's views on their vascular access. Based on the newly developed SF-VAQ, patients were the most satisfied with fistulas, scores.
Preoperative Duplex Examination in Patients with Dialysis Access-related Hand Ischemia: Indication for Distal Radial Artery Ligation
Authors: Cordova Emanuela , Pettorini Laura , Scrivano Jacopo , Baldinelli Matteo , Punzo Giorgio , Menè Paolo , Pirozzi Nicola
Published: January 2015

Purpose

To demonstrate that treatment with distal radial artery ligation (DRAL), based on preoperative evaluation with duplex ultrasound, is effective for correction of hand ischemia related to distal radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Methods

Two patients with symptoms of hemodialysis access-induced distal ischemia (HAIDI) related to radiocephalic AVF at wrist (necrotic lesion of fingers, pain at rest and loss of sensory function) were studied with preoperative duplex examination. Color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) showed low-normal flux (700 and 500 mL/min respectively), retrograde flow in the DRA and increased digital perfusion after manual occlusion of DRA. They were both treated by ligation of the DRA.

Results

Both patients had immediate improvement of ischemic symptoms. Reversed DRA flow disappeared and peripheral flow ameliorated. Postoperative AVF flow was 500 and 350 mL/min, stable at 16 and 8 months of follow-up, respectively.

Conclusions

Preoperative CDU examination, simulating reversed DRA flow interruption, seems to be an effective tool to predict the success of DRAL procedure.
Patient Survival following Arteriovenous Fistula Formation
Authors: McGrogan Damian G. , Field Melanie A. , Maxwell Alexander P. , Marie Yazin , Inston Nicholas G.
Published: January 2015

Purpose

Efforts to promote arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have been successful in increasing the prevalence of AVF use as the primary vascular access for haemodialysis (HD). Sustained preference for AVF use may not be the most appropriate vascular access choice for all patient groups. Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) offer advantages of earlier use and lower primary failure rates compared to AVFs so may be preferable for patients where short-term vascular access is needed. This study was designed to assess comparative mortality in different age groups following AVF formation.

Methods

A prospective cohort of patients having AVF creation was recruited. Patients were subdivided into three age groups: Group A: <50 years; Group B: 50-74 years and Group C: ≥75 years. Survival curves and Cox regression analysis were performed on each of these groups.

Results

One hundred and thirty-four patients (n = 134) were recruited into the study. The prevalence of diabetes increased significantly with age. As expected, mortality was higher in older age groups (log rank (Mantel-Cox) 19.227; p = 0.0001). Mortality rates at 1 year were 0% in group A, 12.5% in group B and 29.1% in group C. Medium-term mortality at 4 years was 7.9% in group A, 39.1% in group B and 54.8% in group C.

Conclusions

We found a significantly higher mortality rate in patients ≥75 years in comparison to those <75 years. The choice of vascular access modality should be tailored to the individual with particular reference to the patient's expected survival.
A Century of Teaching with Pennsylvania's Historic Places
Authors: Bruggeman Seth C.
Published: January 2015

During the early twentieth century, amid growing interest in the pedagogical significance of heritage landscapes, Pennsylvanians took a leading role in demonstrating the value of teaching with historic places. A forward-looking Pennsylvania Historical Commission (the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission since 1945) and significant investments by the federally sponsored Works Progress Administration paved the way. This essay reflects on that history toward assessing the role of historic places in education today. It suggests that historic places offer important lessons beyond what they reveal about how Americans lived in the past. Most significantly, we gain new insight into Pennsylvania history by interrogating the reasons why historic sites are preserved and how their management changes over time. Several examples illustrate how challenging students with nuanced considerations of historic places encourages all of us to be mindful of persistent threats to Pennsylvania's public historical resources.
Three Miles, Two Creeks:
Authors: Slavishak Edward
Published: January 2015

This article describes an undergraduate history assignment at Susquehanna University, through which students create virtual museum exhibits on the local history of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Students narrate and interpret the Penn's Creek Massacre of 1755 and the Stump Massacre of 1768. The goal is to tell a cohesive story and offer a clear viewpoint on the events while adhering to the research and design standards used by public history professionals. The historical content of the assignment emphasizes the diversity and violence of the American frontier in the decades before the Revolutionary War. The exhibition format highlights the need to think carefully about audience, voice, and storytelling, three aspects of making history that are often disregarded in student research papers. The ultimate value of the assignment is its ability to increase students’ awareness of the manipulation involved in the process of historical interpretation, even as they attempt to “get it right.”
An Authentic Archival Experience for the College Classroom in the Digital Age
Authors: Meier Kathryn Shively , Yarmey Kristen
Published: January 2015

One of the most treasured experiences of historians is archival research, and yet university professors frequently struggle with viable ways to include archival research in their lecture courses. Further, historians, who are generally focused on the content of documents, often fail to provide students with a sense of the process by which historical documents and artifacts are gathered, preserved, and made available. This essay describes a partnership among faculty at the University of Scranton, the Lackawanna Historical Society, Weinberg Memorial Library, Scranton Public Library, and Everhart Museum to create an archival-based digital project for a course on the Civil War and Reconstruction. The students from the course uncovered uncataloged Civil War–era documents and artifacts, preserved, digitized, and transcribed them, and organized them into an online collection. The project acquainted students with local, firsthand historical accounts; introduced then to the complexity of recreating history from archival sources; exposed them to careers in archives, museum studies, and librarianship; and forged a partnership between university students and local institutions.
Presentación No.35 2014
Authors: Editora La
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v35i0.1780Revista de Derecho, Vol. 34, Nº 1, Año 2013
Protección Legal de las Fuentes de Agua en la Ciudad de Tegucigalpa
Authors: Berrios Shirley Patricia
Published: January 2015

Tegucigalpa, la capital de la República de Honduras, ha sido el centro, durante las dos últimas décadas, de la migración del campo a la ciudad, buscando por parte de las personas que se trasladan, mejores condiciones de vida; la deforestación y la contaminación, han causado que las fuentes de agua que abastecen a la ciudad capital, se estén agotando, con el consiguiente efecto hacia la población, en cuanto a la limitación del agua, por tanto se hace necesario contar con la regulación legal que proteja dichas cuencas, si bien existen algunas resoluciones administrativas de protección de fuentes hidrográficas, se hace necesario emitir normas imperativas y realizar acciones directas que protejan, aún en forma coercitiva dichas fuentes de agua, específicamente para Tegucigalpa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v35i0.1784 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 34, Nº 1, Año 2013: 75-91
Novedades Legislativas Año 2014
Authors: Editora La
Published: January 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/lrd.v35i0.1786 Revista de Derecho, Vol. 34, Nº 1, Año 2013: 115-117
Other-Hegemony in de Martino: The Figure of the Gramscian Fieldworker between Lucania and London
Authors: Berrocal Emilio G.
Published: January 2015

This paper reflects on the role of fieldwork in folklore studies and anthropology. By speculating on the fieldwork experience of Ernesto de Martino in Lucania, we consider the figure of the Gramscian Fieldworker commenting on Stephen Olbrys Gencarella’s proposal for a critical folklore studies. An imaginary de Martino, one that never existed, is seen as the precursor for such a figure, built around the scenario of the "end" as depicted by Heidegger and embodying the Gramscian proposition of the Organic Intellectual. The second part of the article grounds such a figure in the author’s ethnographic experience of London, offering an examination of the current state of British multiculturalism through the case of an East London singer-songwriter. A practical example of how to interpret the fieldwork tactic pioneered by an imaginary de Martino in Lucania is presented as a way for social sciences and the humanities to overcome the predilection for text analysis of deconstructionism.
Are we teaching our hospitalized patients self-management skills? Opportunities lost
Authors: Miotto Serena , McNicoll Lynn , Butterfield Kristen , Rincon Christina , Singh Mriganka , Gravenstein Stefan
Published: January 2015

Background: In the U.S., 20% of medical hospital discharges are readmitted within 30 days. Non-medical intervention strategies, such as teaching four specific self-management skills, have demonstrated reduction in readmission risk by a third or more. Objective: To investigate whether hospitalized patients are taught or learn four basic self-management skills (“four skills”) during routine clinical encounters.Methods: Design: Observational study from May to October 2012 in an academic teaching hospital. Participants: Consenting medical patients (aged 18 or over), their visitors or caregivers and their providers. Unit managers identified patients who would be discharged home and capable of learning the four skills. Interventions: A trained observer consented patients and monitored every provider encounter for mentioning and/or teaching of the four specific self-management skills’ content for intervals of up to 6 hours during daytime shifts. After each encounter, the observer queried the patient and their caregiver to see what information relating to the four skills they retained and understood. Additionally, observers recorded patient demographics, native language, provider type, and major medical conditions present at the time of the encounter. Five control activities expected to occur routinely for each encounter were monitored for comparison. Main measures: Frequency of one of four self-management skill education events during patient-provider encounters.Results: We observed 56 patients over 326 encounters involving 117 physicians or medical students, 134 nurses or nursing students, and 163 hospital staff. Among 189 encounters with clinical staff (physicians or nurses), the four basic self-management skills were mentioned in 54 encounters (28.6%) but taught only in 12 encounters (6.3%). The comparison with control behaviors show a much higher proportion (hand washing 35%-41.3%, identified role 29.5%, asking for more question 19.1%). Physicians are more likely than nurses to discuss clinical conditions, medications, or any of the four skills’ topics. Specific self-management teaching of patients led to better understanding of the these skills compared to just mentioning them (p = .03).Conclusions: Hospital providers rarely teach four basic self-management skills as part of regular care. Patients can learn this content while hospitalized which could potentially reduce 30-day readmission risk.
Os circuitos de trabalho indígena: possibilidades e desafios para acadêmicos e profissionais Kaingang na gestão das políticas públicas
Authors: Amaral Wagner Roberto do , Rodrigues Michelle Aparecida , Barroso Bilar Jenifer Araujo
Published: January 2015

A atuação de profissionais indígenas formados pelas universidades públicas brasileiras é um fenômeno recente, sendo o Paraná, desde 2002, pioneiro na implementação de ações dessa natureza. Resultado de pesquisas realizadas, esse trabalho intenciona refletir sobre as trajetórias dos acadêmicos indígenas e a emergência de profissionais Kaingang na constituição de novos circuitos de trabalho, voltados à gestão de políticas sociais. Essas trajetórias evidenciam o duplo pertencimento desses sujeitos e a assunção das contradições envoltas nesse processo.
Territórios e Territorialidades Kaingang: A Reinvenção dos Espaços e das Formas de Sobrevivência Após a Conquista
Authors: Tommasino Kimiye , Kurtz de Almeida Ledson
Published: January 2015

Este artigo demonstra como os Kaingang, após a conquista, enfrentaram situações críticas que os obrigaram a buscar novas formas de sobrevivência nas terras delimitadas pelo governo, as quais foram drasticamente reduzidas e, ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, foram dilapidadas dos recursos naturais que lhes garantiam a sobrevivência. A análise deste processo indicou que os Kaingang tiveram de construir um novo tempo (uri) em oposição ao tempo antigo (vãsy). Os Kaingang mantiveram suas territorialidades segundo seus próprios padrões, porém em permanente conflito com os códigos oficiais. Nesse sentido, o movimento de territorialização kaingang sobrepõe-se às territorialidades da sociedade capitalista fundada na propriedade privada.
Metrópole, tradição e mediação cultural: reflexões a partir da experiência dos grupos recriadores de Maracatu na cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Mira Maria Celeste
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do texto é mostrar a importância dos processos de mediação cultural que tornam possíveis os casos atuais de retomada de “tradições populares” nos contextos urbanos. Para tanto, são tomados como exemplo os grupos recriadores de maracatu na cidade de São Paulo e sua busca por tudo o que diz respeito à “tradição”. Ao recuperar, ainda que brevemente, alguns aspectos da história cultural do maracatu, percebe-se que esta prática passou por vários processos de mediação que o levaram da decadência até o sucesso mundial. O que se pretende elucidar, portanto, é que este fenômeno deve ser compreendido, não como uma tradição, resgatada, de um momento para o outro, mas como um fluxo cultural constante, cujos trânsitos se dão, em várias direções, entre o folclórico, o popular, o massivo e o erudito.
O elo perdido, em três movimentos: o (não-)lugar da sociedade civil em Tavares Bastos, Oliveira Viana e Raymundo Faoro
Authors: Lima Pedro Luiz
Published: January 2015

O presente artigo busca tratar da convergência de narrativas históricas acerca da relativa ausência da sociedade civil no processo de formação sociopolítica do Brasil. A partir da leitura detida das obras de três autores-chave do pensamento político brasileiro – Tavares Bastos, Oliveira Viana e Raymundo Faoro –, investiga-se o modo como, mesmo nos dissonantes enquadramentos do liberalismo clássico da segunda metade do século XIX, do iberismo autoritário da primeira metade do século XX e do republicanismo liberal de décadas mais recentes, a reiteração do caráter lacunar da sociedade civil pautou seus diagnósticos e constituiu seus distintos projetos normativos.
Efeitos hegemônicos: neoliberalismo e prática partidária no peronismo de Córdoba durante a década de 1990
Authors: Reynares Juan Manuel
Published: January 2015

Neste artigo pretendemos abrir espaço para uma discussão com aqueles estudos que analisaram o pragmatismo e a corrupção, enquanto características centrais da realidade política argentina no final do século XX, como fenômenos autônomos. Para isso, e com base na análise de fontes do peronismo na província de Córdoba, sustentamos que o corrupção como problema a ser denunciado publicamente se constituiu como um significante privilegiado da linha política do peronismo de Córdoba durante a noventa na própria disputa partidária. Pretendemos mostrar que este responde a um efeito de sobredeterminação do discurso hegemônico de neoliberalismo. A corrupção aparece como um fato a ser denunciado e criticado no momento em que a prática partidária começa a ser interpretada a partir de uma lógica de negócios de mercado.
Os documentos de direitos humanos do mundo muçulmano em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Hordones Chaves Luana
Published: January 2015

Uma das questões teóricas mais importantes do debate islâmico de direitos humanos é a relação entre secularismo e direitos do homem, e a questão empírica correlata: a aplicação da xaria. Trata-se do que Enzo Pace chamou de déficit estrutural de legitimação no Islã, referindo-se às características originárias, particularmente à fusão entre as dimensões religiosa e política, como desafio à adesão ao sistema de direito humanos da ONU. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo analisa documentos sobre direitos humanos produzidos no mundo muçulmano, dando maior importância àqueles produzidos em ambiente intergovernamental, uma vez que refletem as preocupações e os esforços desses governos em se inserirem na discussão dos direitos humanos.
Repensar a justiça social
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Manoel Dias da
Published: January 2015

REVISÃO DE TEXTO: Dubet, François. Repensar a justiça social: contra o mito da igualdade de oportunidades. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2011. 127 p.
A Invasão das terras Kaingang nos campos de Palmas: o processo contra a liderança indígena Vitorino Condá (1839-44)
Authors: Antonio de Souza Almir
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do estudo é analisar na documentação do período, como se deu o processo judicial contra a liderança indígena Vitorino Condá e a invasão das terras do povo originário sob seu comando na região compreendida entre os campos de Palmas no Planalto meridional. Na invasão dos campos de Palmas, analiso o envolvimento das autoridades e fazendeiros imperiais com o processo de tentativa de controle, domínio e expulsão de Vitorino Condá e seus comandados e demonstro a política desenvolvida por essas autoridades e fazendeiros, bem como as formas utilizadas para afastar Condá de seus lugares de morada através de um processo civil de justificação. Tornase importante demonstrar o processo de expulsão do povo Kaingang liderado por Vitorino Condá, dos Campos de Palmas. Nas lutas por suas terras e no confronto com fazendeiros e autoridades imperiais durante a expansão luso-brasileira, há a afirmação de povoados e vilas e assinalam-se as estratégias políticas de índios e não índios nesses lugares.
Garra de jaguar, botão de camisa, cartucho de bala: um olhar sobre arte, poder, prestígio e xamanismo na cultura material Kaingang
Authors: Castro Freitas Ana Elisa de
Published: January 2015

Este artigo focaliza um conjunto de objetos de grande significado para a compreensão do Uri/presente e do Waxi/passado Kaingang, cujas vias interpretativas são tecidas em diálogo com interlocutores indígenas. Tais objetos acessam novas chaves para os estudos que abordam a arte, o contato interétnico e a etnohistória dos processos coloniais vivenciados no sul do Brasil. Fabricados pelos Kaingang novecentistas, estes objetos lançam luz para uma mais sofisticada interpretação das manifestações estéticas que integram a cultura material kaingang nas cidades contemporâneas.
MRI, the technology for imaging of thrombi and inflammation
Authors: Bode C. , von zur Mühlen C.
Published: January 2015

Atherosclerosis and its sequelae have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. The rupture of an inflamed atherosclerotic plaque is a crucial event, since it can result in acute thrombotic closure of an arterial vessel, resulting e. g. in myocardial infarction or stroke. Not only detection of early plaque rupture with imminent closure is therefore of clinical interest, but also timely detection of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque progression. However, plaque inflammation or even plaque rupture without vessel occlusion is not reliably detectable by current imaging techniques. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for evaluation of the coronary vessels, but only allows visualization of the vessel lumen without characterizing the important pathophysiology of the vessel wall. Therefore, highly inflamed and rupture prone plaques can be missed, or appear as a minor vessel narrowing. Although currently available techniques such as intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography allow a further characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, it would be desirable to detect plaque inflammation, early plaque rupture or vascular thrombosis by non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), since they could allow early identification of patients at risk or triage of symptomatic patients.

In this manuscript, different strategies for detection of vascular inflammation, plaque-rupture and thrombosis by MRI will be discussed, with a special focus on molecular imaging contrast agents.
Are there Carbon Savings from U.S. Biofuel Policies? The Critical Importance of Accounting for Leakage in Land and Fuel Markets
Authors: Bento Antonio M. , Klotz Richard , Landry Joel R.
Published: January 2015

We develop an analytical and numerical multi-market model that integrates land, fuel, and food markets, and link it with an emissions model to quantify the importance of carbon leakage relative to the intended emissions savings resulting from the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for conventional biofuels. The expansion of biofuels mandated by the RFS can increase or decrease GHG emissions depending on the policy regime being evaluated. For example, replacing the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC) with the RFS, as occurred at the end of 2011 when the VEETC was allowed to expire, would reduce emissions by 2.0 tgCO2e in 2015 for an expansion of ethanol of 11.4 billion liters. A policy regime consisting of the RFS alone would increase emissions by at least 4.5 tgCO2e for the same expansion of ethanol. Our findings highlight an important tension between land and fuel market leakage. Policy regimes that result in less land market leakage tend to lead to more domestic fuel market leakage per liter of ethanol added.
Volatility Spillovers Across Petroleum Markets
Authors: Barunk Jozef , Kočenda Evzen , Váchaa Lukáš
Published: January 2015

By using our newly defined measure, we detect and quantify asymmetries in the volatility spillovers of petroleum commodities: crude oil, gasoline, and heating oil. The increase in volatility spillovers after 2001 correlates with the progressive fin-ancialization of the commodities. Further, increasing spillovers from volatility among petroleum commodities substantially change their pattern after 2008 (the financial crisis and advent of tight oil production). After 2008, asymmetries in spillovers markedly declined in terms of total as well as directional spillovers. In terms of asymmetries we also show that overall volatility spillovers due to negative (price) returns materialize to a greater degree than volatility spillovers due to positive returns. An analysis of directional spillovers reveals that no petroleum commodity dominates other commodities in terms of general spillover transmission.
When a National Cap-and-Trade Policy with a Carve-out Provision May Be Preferable to a National CO2 Tax
Authors: Accordino Megan H. , Rajagopal Deepak
Published: January 2015

We analyze the effect of various combinations of state and national emissions policies on national emissions of a global pollutant, specifically, greenhouse gas emissions. We highlight the effect of unintended increases in out-of-state emissions on the efficacy of overlapping state policies. We show that emission taxes do not necessarily prevent a completely offsetting increase in out-of-state emissions when states add a state-level emissions tax to the national emissions tax. In particular, states small relative to their market will be unable to reduce national emissions with a state-level CO2 tax or a system of tradable permits. However, under a national cap-and-trade regime that allows states to be carved out, a state of any size can reduce national emissions by setting a tighter state cap. This combination yields a lower total cost than the equivalent combination of national and state CO2 taxes (if one exists) but increases the cost to consumers outside the market.
Impact of Carbon Prices on Wholesale Electricity Prices and Carbon Pass-Through Rates in the Australian National Electricity Market
Authors: Wild Phillip , Bell William Paul , Foster John
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the effect of a carbon price on wholesale electricity prices and carbon-pass-through rates in the states comprising the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). The methodology utilize an agent-based model, which contains many features salient to the NEM including intra-state and inter-state transmission branches, regional location of generators and load centres and accommodation of unit commitment features. The model uses a Direct Current Optimal Power Flow (DC OPF) algorithm to determine optimal dispatch of generation plant, power flows on transmission branches and wholesale prices. The results include sensitivity analysis of carbon prices on wholesale prices and carbon pass-through rates for different states within the NEM.
Nuclear Capacity Auctions
Authors: Fridolfsson Sven-Olof , Tangers Thomas P.
Published: January 2015

We propose nuclear capacity auctions as a means to correcting the incentives for investing in nuclear power. In particular, capacity auctions open the market for large-scale entry by outside firms. Requiring licensees to sell a share of capacity as virtual power plant contracts increases auction efficiency by mitigating incumbent producers’ incentive to bid for market power. A motivating example is Sweden’s policy reversal to allow new nuclear power to replace old reactors.
The U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate and the Demand for Oil
Authors: De Schryder Selien , Peersman Gert
Published: January 2015

Using recent advances in panel data estimation techniques, we find that an appreciation of the U.S. dollar exchange rate leads to a significant decline in oil demand for a sample of 65 oil-importing countries. The estimated effect turns out to be considerably larger than the impact of a shift in the global crude oil price expressed in U.S. dollar. This finding appears to be the consequence of a stronger pass-through of changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate to domestic end-user oil products prices relative to changes in the global crude oil price. Furthermore, we demonstrate the relevance of U.S. dollar fluctuations for global oil price dynamics.
Climate Policies: A Burden, or a Gain?
Authors: Brechet Thierry , Tulkens Henry
Published: January 2015

That climate policies are costly is evident and therefore often create major fears. But the alternative (no action) also has a cost. Therefore, mitigation costs netted of the damage costs avoided are the only figure that can seriously be considered as the “genuine cost” of a policy. We elaborate on this view of a policy’s cost by distinguishing between its “direct” cost component and its avoided damage cost component; we then confront the two so as to evaluate its genuine cost. As damages avoided are equivalent to the benefits generated, this brings climate policies naturally in the realm of benefit-cost analysis. However, the sheer benefit-cost criterion may not be a sufficient incentive for a country to be induced to cooperate internationally, a necessary condition for an effective global climate policy. We therefore also explore how to make use of this criterion in the context of international climate cooperation.