bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herding behaviour in the Indian stock market: An empirical study
Authors: Dhuri Vaibhav , Patkar Santosh
Published: March 2024

The rapid growth of the Indian stock market in recent decades has prompted much study on investing, focusing on understanding and analysing investors' tactics for investment and trading. Over the years, researchers have cited and conducted in-depth investigations into various psychological biases. Herding bias is extensively studied to understand how investors participate in investment and trading in the Indian stock market. The current study on herding provides an investigation into the existence of herd activity in the share market of India. The study attempts to identify herd activity during positive, negative, extreme positive, and extreme negative market conditions, as well as during structural breakpoints and trade volumes that are low as well as high. The researchers have used the modified CSAD (Cross Sectional Absolute Deviation) model to enhance its validity. The findings reveal the rationality of investors during the different market states. However, herding behaviour was evidenced during certain periods at the structural breakpoint. This implies that during positive as well as negative market conditions, herding behaviour is absent, except during certain structural breakpoints and high trading volumes.
Modelling the impact of innovation performance on digital competitiveness: The key role of innovation and technologies
Authors: Kiselakova Dana , Sofrankova Beata , Gombar Miroslav , Matijova Maria
Published: March 2024

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the innovation and digital competitiveness of the EU-27 countries and to reveal the effect of innovation performance on the changes in digital competitiveness. We obtained secondary data from the annual reports of the Global Innovation Index (GII), Summary Innovation Index (SII), and Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) for the years 2017 to 2021. Using structural equation modeling, the main concept was to develop a new variable, Innovation Performance (IP), which was created by combining the indices of the GII and SII dimensions within a new three-factor model. The modelling findings revealed that both indexes had a statistically significant impact on the variations in the IP value, with the SII exerting a greater influence compared to the GII. The IP variable in the modified model has a significant positive impact on the change in the score of the DESI. We found a positive impact for 10 dimensions (from 19) and a negative impact for firm investments. The highest positive impact was confirmed for research systems, information technologies, and human resources. Our findings also highlight real economic contexts and drivers for EU countries' strategies and policies in the progress of digital competitiveness.
The effect of short game videos on consumers' willingness to purchase virtual items in games: A moderating effect based on game experience
Authors: Wu Hongfei , Gao Ruizhe , Yin Yitong
Published: March 2024

With the popularity and development of new media, the short video industry has deeply influenced people's daily shopping behavior and entertainment activities. Similarly, with the development of Internet technology, the game industry is attracting more and more attention from game players and consumers. This study explores the impact of short game videos on gamers' willingness to purchase in-game virtual goods according to the SOR theoretical model and the moderating effect of external stimuli such as consumers' differences in game experience and perceived value on their willingness to buy game virtual products. Through a series of literature research and relevant data analysis and processing, this study confirms that some features of short game videos will not have a significant impact on consumers' purchase behavior, but most features will lead consumers to consume games. Features such as Validity and Serviceability, Interactivity, and Sociability are positively correlated with consumers' willingness on consumption, but Influenceability is not significantly correlated with consumers' willingness to buy. In addition, the game experience of consumers has a significant moderating effect, and the perceived value difference also has an important impact on their purchase behavior. The findings from this study can help the new media industry and the gaming industry to grasp the needs of young consumers, represented by university students, and to adjust their marketing strategies more effectively.
Insider perspectives on systematic provision of quality technical vocational education and training in Zimbabwean tertiary institutions
Authors: Mawonedzo Abigirl , Banda Wilson
Published: March 2024

Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is defined as an educational process that focuses on the acquisition of practical skills, and an understanding of technologies and related sciences necessary for employment in a particular occupation or trade. The implementation of TVET is on the premise that students develop the requisite skills necessary to increase their employability and for the development of the economy through entrepreneurship. The study sought to ascertain the challenges and proffered strategies of attaining TVET programmes in Zimbabwean tertiary institutions. A qualitative approach was used, and a case study design employed. Two research questions guided the study.  The data collection instruments were interviews, document analysis and focus group discussions. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. The study revealed the following challenges: lack of TVET training facilities, poor teaching methods, poor funding, deplorable facilities, and routine assessment of students' competencies. The following strategies were proffered: deliberate continual professional development of TVET lecturers, provision of adequate training facilities, and mobilisation of the requisite financial resources. It was recommended that central government, policymakers, and all TVET providers should deliberately focus on strengthening quality assurance in all the TVET tertiary institutions.
Social media usage and pyschosocial as contributing factor towards the formation of ideology: A preliminary study
Authors: Zahran Mohamad Afzanizzam , Nizah Mohd Azmir Mohd , Bakar Afi Roshezry Abu , Mokhtar Munirah Aayuni Mohd
Published: March 2024

Social media platforms have become the primary source of information, especially among young people. The reason is that the information shared on social media is quicker and more current. Exposure to social media information helps shape how they think and build their character and personality. Similarly, society, family, ideology, and media, grouped as psychosocial factors, influence ideological formation by contributing towards character building and strengthening worldview. However, excessive social media usage may negatively influence young people and the way they think, whereas psychosocial factors influence an individual's personality and thinking. Therefore, this study examines social media usage and psychosocial factors and their influence on young people's ideological formation. Using the quantitative methodology with a set of self-reporting questionnaires, about 128 respondents took part in the pilot study. It is found that ideological influence, social media influence, and socialization agents' influence positively correlate to ideological formation. These constructs positively impact and influence the formation of ideology, character-building, and rational thinking. Thus, the findings of this study are expected to help authorities apply positive values ​​from social media influence and psychosocial factors to the thinking process and ideological formation of young generation leaders today.
Farmer managed natural regeneration to reconstitute agroforestry parklands in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bambara Jean Charles
Published: March 2024

Burkina Faso is facing an accelerated degradation of natural resources, exacerbated by natural phenomena and human activities which, coupled with the impact of climate change and poverty, have caused food insecurity in the arid province of Passoré. To address these challenges, farmers have been implementing initiatives rooted in local knowledge and traditional practices. The practice of interest is farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR), an ancestral agroforestry practice that protects and tends to spontaneous tree growth in agricultural fields. A qualitative study conducted in the province of Passoré revealed farmers’ reasons for adopting FMNR. As a low-cost practice that requires few technical or financial resources, farmers are attracted to its affordability. FMNR also enables farmers to circumvent customary prohibitions regarding tree planting, and navigate land ownership dynamics, as it involves tending to spontaneous growth rather than deliberate planting. Since FMNR does not involve tree planting, it does not imply land ownership claims, making it inclusive for migrants and women who have limited land rights. By introducing indigenous species such as Piliostigma reticulatum (bangandé) FMNR helps meet energy needs called for by women, and improves the density of plant cover, restoring clearings while improving livelihoods. FMNR has been instrumental in empowering women by providing commercial opportunities in the non-timber forest product (NTFP) sector, enabling them to earn an independent income, strengthening their autonomy within the household. FMNR has thus become integral to farming systems in Passoré due to its many tangible agronomic, environmental and socioeconomic benefits, offering solutions to land degradation, exclusion from tree planting projects, food insecurity and gender inequality. Broader dissemination of its potential for rapid restoration of forest resources at low cost is, therefore, recommended to help other regions of Burkina Faso overcome their challenges of degradation and climate change.
Os efeitos ambientais do desenvolvimento industrial e as comunidades tradicionais do distrito industrial de São Luís – MA
Authors: Ferreira Érika Pereira , Castro Antonio Carlos Leal de , Soares Leonardo Silva , Souza Antonia Jessyca Silva , Lyra Ingrid Nicolly Oliveira , Serra Leonardo Azevedo , Soares Luciana Amorim , Martins Osélia Castro da Silva
Published: March 2024

O presente trabalho relata os efeitos ambientais provocados pelo desenvolvimento industrial nas comunidades tradicionais da área do Distrito Industrial de São Luís -MA.  Foram produzidos mapas temáticos em uma escala espaço-temporal de 35 anos, entre os anos de 1985 a 2020, e a aplicação de questionários semiestruturados com 364 informantes. As alterações sofridas no uso e ocupação do solo foram identificadas através das imagens do MAPBIOMAS e CBERES 4A, por meio da projeção cartográfica em base de dados oficiais. Nos questionários, identificaram-se as alterações ambientais percebidas. Os mapas expuseram um aumento da supressão vegetal, aumento da ocupação e a redução dos corpos hídricos. As narrativas das comunidades confirmam os impactos identificados dos mapas temáticos. Considera-se que as alterações apontadas levaram à perturbação na dinâmica territorial da região do DISAL.
Análise interseccional no sistema jurídico brasileiro: racismo estrutural, aporofobia e a criminalização seletiva
Authors: Lima Ricardo Araújo , Freitas Endio José Caetano , Moura Stefhany Cruz de
Published: March 2024

Este artigo investiga a interação entre o racismo estrutural, a aporofobia e a criminalização seletiva no cenário jurídico do Brasil, delineando seu impacto diferenciado sobre indivíduos negros e economicamente desfavorecidos. A pesquisa também explora a influência do racismo estrutural nas decisões judiciais e nas políticas públicas na esfera da justiça criminal. Os resultados evidenciam que tais elementos concorrem para a persistência das disparidades raciais e socioeconômicas no sistema judicial brasileiro. Além disso, o estudo analisa a manifestação prática da aporofobia no âmbito judicial e como essa prática ameaça os direitos das pessoas em situações de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. A metodologia abrange aspectos do direito penal, constitucional e direitos humanos, empregando raciocínio indutivo e dedutivo em pesquisa qualitativa, com análise documental, bibliográfica e legislativa. Conclui-se que o racismo estrutural, a aporofobia e a criminalização seletiva são fenômenos interconectados, perpetuando a desigualdade social e racial no Brasil. Especificamente, destaca-se que a criminalização seletiva impacta de maneira desproporcional pessoas negras e pobres, revelando preconceitos e discriminações enraizados na sociedade brasileira. O estudo preconiza a implementação de políticas públicas de inclusão social e racial, a capacitação de profissionais do sistema de justiça sobre diversidade e desigualdade, e a conscientização da sociedade sobre a importância da igualdade e da justiça social.
Modelo Alternativo de Gestión Hospitalaria Pública
Authors: García-Terán Marco Polo , Naranjo-Rodas Pablo Patricio , Barreno-Yambay María Fernanda
Published: March 2024

En el Ecuador la gestión hospitalaria pública se encuentra en crisis, debido al modelo de gestión que acumula la demanda en el segundo y tercer nivel de atención sin opciones para descongestionar la atención ambulatoria especializada, agravado por el déficit presupuestario estatal. Se propone el diseño de un modelo desconcentrado con: capacidad resolutiva, competencias, estándares de calidad, organizado por procesos y con autogestión. A través de métodos cualitativos y apoyados en herramientas de administración estratégica, se investigó 594 hospitales, particularmente al Hospital del Día de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, en sus diferentes especialidades médicas; y, a 500 usuarios internos y externos. Encontrando en general que los establecimientos de salud públicos del nivel II tienen limitada capacidad resolutiva y de gestión, estructura centralizada y restringido facultamiento. El Hospital del Día atiende a 50.000 pacientes por año, el 50% del personal está para el manejo operativo, empleando el 68% de su capacidad, autogestiona el 20% de sus ingresos que le permite cubrir gastos operativos.  El modelo delineado es coherente al actual contexto social y económico considerando factores diferenciadores como: consulta externa especializada, turnos el mismo día; calidad de atención y autofinanciamiento.
Evaluación del Grado de Cumplimiento de la Planificación Estratégica y Gestión de la Corporación de Promoción Económica ConQuito
Authors: García-Terán Marco Polo , Naranjo-Rodas Pablo Patricio , Barreno-Yambay María Fernanda
Published: March 2024

La presente investigación tiene como propósito explicar cómo la planificación afecta al correcto desarrollo del servicio público que se brinda a los usuarios, específicamente nos concentraremos en  evaluar el porcentaje de cumplimiento de la planificación estratégica y gestión de la Corporación ConQuito que impulsa el desarrollo económico, a través de la gestión de programas, proyectos y servicios que promueven la generación de emprendimientos, el desarrollo empresarial y la vinculación con mercados, también fomenta el uso de la innovación, ciencia y tecnología con responsabilidad social y ambiental, la misma que nos permitirá cuantificar las diferentes limitaciones, divisar los principales resultados simultáneamente a sus metas y objetivos por medio de indicadores de gestión, como también, las deficiencias y carencias presentes en la planificación interna de la Corporación ConQuito y a su vez estos resultados permiten determinar la eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad de esta empresa. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, que contribuyeron al cumplimiento eficaz del objetivo propuesto, por otro lado, hay que mencionar que la metodología que se emplea en la investigación es la IMRD, que son las siglas de los cuatro apartados de la revista científica: Introducción, Material-Métodos, Resultados y Discusión. En la presente investigación se analizaron diferentes elementos internos de esta Corporación como: el Plan Operativo Anual “POA”, el Plan Anual de Contrataciones “PAC”, el presupuesto, los planes y programas que se han ejecutado desde enero hasta julio del presente año 2023.
Sistema de gestión de calidad para el proceso de elaboración de harina de exoesqueleto de camarón (hec)
Authors: Cobo-Chica Jorge Andrés , Suárez-Villa Amador Javier , Falcones-Molina, Edison Leonardo
Published: March 2024

Ecuador cuenta con 3.800 fincas productoras de camarón, el cual se procesa en 20 plantas. Según la Cámara Nacional de Acuicultura, Ecuador es el segundo productor y exportador mundial de camarón con un monto que superó los 560 millones de Kg en 2018, lo que marcó un récord en la industria y significo un ingreso de USD 3.200 millones. En la Provincia de Manabí del total nacional de producción representa aproximadamente el 10%, es decir 1.8000 hectáreas. La harina de exoesqueleto de camarón (HEC), ha demostrado ser una alternativa proteínica económica y eficiente. Este producto que se obtiene por reducción del contenido de humedad y grasa de subproductos como exoesqueto y cabeza de camarón, sin adición de sustancias extrañas, salvo de aquellas que tiendan a mantener la calidad original del producto, su contenido de proteína depende de la materia prima empleada. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un sistema de Gestión de Calidad para la elaboración de (HEC). Tradicionalmente la harina de soya es la fuente principal de proteína en la alimentación de cerdos y aves, sin embargo, para los países latinoamericanos que no cultivan soya en gran escala su uso se ve limitado debido a su baja disponibilidad y alto costo en el mercado, por eso es importante buscar sustitutos de la harina de soya y entre estos una posibilidad que está surgiendo es la harina de exoesqueleto de camarón, la cual se perfila como una de las fuentes alternas de proteína de alto valor nutricional para la alimentación de animales, no existen normas nacionales, ni internacionales que regulen y especifiquen los cuatro subproductos a obtener a partir de las cabezas y de los exoesqueletos del camarón (Quitosano, Pigmentos, Sazonador y Harinas). En base a lo expuesto en el presente trabajo, se diseñara un sistema de Gestión de Calidad para la elaboración de (HEC), tomando como referencia las normativas técnicas ecuatorianas INEN e ISO como NTE INEN-ISO 6496 Humedad, NTE INEN 465 Proteína bruta, NTE INEN 466 Grasa, NTE INEN 467 Cenizas, NTE INEN-ISO 7305 Acidez (como ácido oleico), NTE INEN 468 Sal (cloruro de sodio), NTE INEN 469 Arena, NTE INEN 1698 Peróxidos, ISO/TS 15495 Melanina, NTE INEN-ISO 17375 Aflatoxinas, las cuales ya están establecidas en los procesos de elaboración de harina de pescado para consumo animal y se acoplan al proceso de elaboración de la (HEC).
Vínculos genéticos de complicaciones médicas infantiles entre trisomías y enfermedades metabólicas
Authors: Mina-Ortiz, Jhon Bryan , Marcillo-Bowen Natalia Estefanía , Parrales-Sánchez Yerely Michelle
Published: March 2024

Las enfermedades genéticas se corresponden con variaciones genéticas del desarrollo que precisan ayuda médica, educativa, social o combinaciones de estas. Son de gran heterogeneidad en su expresión clínica por la complejidad y diversidad de órganos o sistemas involucrados. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los vínculos genéticos de complicaciones médicas infantiles entre trisomías y enfermedades metabólicas. Se utilizó un diseño documental tipo descriptivo y cuantitativo, centrado en la revisión sistemática de información. Los artículos fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos como Pubmed, Redalyc, Google Académico, Elsevier, SciELO, entre otras. Los resultados del presente estudio indican que en las complicaciones médicas infantiles entre trisomías y enfermedades metabólicas fue más frecuente la diabetes, específicamente en pacientes con Síndrome de Down. Se evidenció que las técnicas diagnósticas más comunes para trisomías relacionadas con enfermedades metabólicas incluyen la amniocentesis, destacando por su utilidad para diagnosticar trastornos genéticos, defectos congénitos y otros problemas de salud en el feto. De acuerdo a las enfermedades médicas infantiles, las anomalías faciales destacan como una consecuencia trascendental en el contexto de las trisomías, dado que son el resultado de una combinación de factores genéticos y biológicos que afectan el desarrollo embrionario y la formación de sus tejidos durante la gestación. Las complicaciones médicas infantiles más frecuentes, tanto en trisomías y enfermedades metabólicas están asociadas con el síndrome metabólico, destacando la presencia de diabetes mellitus tipo II.
Impacto del consumo de drogas en la salud mental de adolescentes: revisión sistemática
Authors: Ponce-Pinay Roberto Arnaldo , Santana-Toala Francisco Fernando , Soriano-del-Pezo Marcela Andreina
Published: March 2024

El crecimiento y desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes constituye una etapa crucial en la formación de individuos capaces de contribuir positivamente a la sociedad. La frecuencia del consumo de drogas puede variar según el género y las razones del consumo de drogas pueden variar según el género. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto del consumo de drogas en la salud mental de los adolescentes. La metodología fue tipo documental, descriptivo que se basa principalmente en una revisión sistemática de información. Se accede a través de base de datos de búsqueda académicos como PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, NCBI. Se volvieron a seleccionar estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024 que abordan temas de consumo de drogas en adolescente, factores de riesgo, tratamiento y prevalencia. Los resultados demostraron que un porcentaje del 80%, se debe a problemas familiares, antecedentes de mala conducta y depresión. Los Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de drogas, se puede observar que los factores asociados son síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, género y la edad. La Efectividad de las intervenciones preventivas y terapéuticas son la Terapia cognitivo-conductual; Terapia motivacional; Apoyo social y Tratamiento farmacológico son los más efectivos para adolescentes con algún tipo de adicción. Concluyendo que los datos muestran un vínculo claro entre el consumo de drogas y diversos problemas psicológicos, dañando el desarrollo mental y emocional de los jóvenes y su capacidad para funcionar en la sociedad.
La importancia del apoyo social y comunitario a jóvenes para prevenir y recuperarse de sus adicciones
Authors: Fuentes-Parrales Jocelyne Elizabeth , Pilozo-Peñafiel Byron Dario , Pin-Rivera Eillyn Mariana
Published: March 2024

Hoy en día, uno de los problemas más preocupantes a nivel mundial es la adicción en jóvenes. El consumo de drogas, alcohol y otras sustancias adictivas en edades tempranas puede tener graves repercusiones en la salud física, mental y emocional, ya que estas sustancias son comunes en la sociedad actual.  La importancia de este tema prevalece en que los jóvenes que se encuentran en situaciones de riesgo tienen más probabilidades de caer en patrones adictivos si carecen de un sistema de apoyo sólido. El respaldo de personas significativas en su entorno puede ayudarles a enfrentar las presiones y tentaciones que suelen surgir en la adolescencia. Es por eso que este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y resaltar la importancia del apoyo social y comunitario en la prevención y recuperación de adicciones en jóvenes. Respecto a la metodología a utilizar se basa en una revisión bibliográfica, aplicando el método de índole descriptiva, llevando a cabo una investigación sistemática de artículos científicos consultando la base de datos como Redalyc, Scielo, Google Académico, Artículos de revistas, y manualmente a través de internet, cabe mencionar que no se hizo restricciones en el tipo de estudio. Como resultado de esta investigación se puede decir que el apoyo social provee a los jóvenes un sentido de pertenencia, conexiones significativas, y recursos emocionales y materiales necesarios para resistir la presión de las adicciones. Asimismo, el apoyo comunitario ofrece entornos seguros, oportunidades de participación en actividades constructivas, y acceso a servicios de salud mental y tratamiento de adicciones.
COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E O EFEITO AGUDO DE UMA SESSÃO DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL EM IDOSOS PARTICIPANTES DO PROJETO “VITALITÁ”
Authors: Moraes Anderson Marques de , Martinazzo Bárbara Gaspar , Barbosa Beatriz Nogueira , Azzolin Gabriela Marchiori Carmo , Maia Leonardo Vinicius de Souza , Moutinho Leticia Cristina
Published: March 2024

No Brasil, nota-se um crescimento da população idosa, segundo o IBGE (2022), este estudo investigou os efeitos da prática regular de exercícios físicos na pressão arterial de 5 mulheres idosas do Projeto “Vitalità” da PUC-Campinas. As sessões de ginástica ocorreram duas vezes por semana, com medidas da pressão arterial realizadas antes da atividade física. Amostra, classificada como "obesidade I" para o IMC, apresentou valores de pressão arterial acima do ideal antes do exercício. Após atividade, observou-se uma melhora na média da pressão sistólica, mas aumentou 5 mmHg na pressão diastólica. Sem muitas diferenças significativas, a análise revelou uma redução de na pressão sistólica após o exercício, enquanto a pressão diastólica aumentou. Correlação entre variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal com a pressão arterial foram evidentes. A prática regular de exercícios demonstrou benefícios na pressão arterial de idosos, ressaltando sua relevância na promoção do bem-estar nos idosos.
Sengketa Penerapan Tariff Impor Dan Hambatan Dagang Antara Amerika Serikat Dan Negara China Dalam Perspektif Kerangka WTO
Authors: Barus Adhi Pradana , Suhaidi  , Sutiarnoto  , Jelly Leviza
Published: March 2024

Hubungan dagang antara Amerika Serikat dan China menjadi perhatian dunia terutama karena sengketa dagang yang terjadi antara kedua negara.Amerika Serikat membuat kebijakan untuk menaikkan tariff bea masuk yang tinggi untuk barang impor dari negara China. Kebijakan ini bertentangan dengan GATT khususnya Pasal I dan Pasal II yang menyatakan tidak boleh ada diskriminasi antara negara anggota WTO. Sengketa ini diawali dengan adanya kebijakan tariff bea masuk impor yang hanya ditujukan kepada Negara China, Amerika mengaku ini dilakukan demi melindungi pekerja domestik dan produk domestik, dan ini semua bagian dari kampanye Donald Trump, kemudian pada akhirnya Negara China melayangkan gugatan ke Amerika Serikat melalui DSB. Dalam penemuan yang dilakukan oleh Panel, bahwa Amerika Serikat dalam sengketa dagang ini telah terbukti melanggar ketentuan GATT/WTO yaitu Pasal I dan Pasal II GATT yang dengan sepihak menaikkan komitmen tariff tanpa ada perundingan terlebih dahulu, setelah sengketa ini dibawa ke Dispute Settlement Body dimana Panel menyatakan Amerika Serikat telah bersalah dan tidak memiliki bukti yang cukup jelas dalam pembelaanya dalam hal pencegahan lebih lanjut maka WTO dapat menggunakan ketentuan Pasal I, Pasal II, dan Pasal III GATT/WTO untuk dapat mengendalikan tariff bea masuk impor, dan juga masalah perdagangan internasional kedepannya untuk menyelesaikan masalah secara baik.

Kata kunci: Hambatan perdagangan, Sengketa Dagang, Tariff, WTO.

Abstract

The relationship between the United States and China has attracted worldwide attention, especially because of the trade dispute between the two countries. The United States made a policy to raise high import duty rates for goods imported from China. This policy contradicts the GATT, especially Article I and Article II which state that there should be no discrimination between WTO member countries. This dispute began with the existence of import tariffs that were only aimed at the State of China, America claimed this was done to protect domestic workers and domestic products, and this was all part of Donald Trump's campaign, then in the end China filed a lawsuit against the United States through the DSB. In the findings made by the Panel, that the United States in this trade dispute has violated the provisions of the GATT/WTO, namely Article I and Article II of the GATT which unilaterally raised tariffs without prior agreement, after this dispute was brought to the Settlement Body where the Panel stated that the United States has been guilty and does not have clear enough evidence in his defense in further prevention, the WTO can use the provisions of Article I, Article II, and Article III of the GATT/WTO to control import duty tariffs, as well as international trade issues in the future to resolve the problem properly.

Keywords: tariffs, trade barriers, trade disputes, WTO.
Peranan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang yang Menggunakan Bank Sebagai Instrumen Kejahatan
Authors: Simamora Daniel , Mulyadi Mahmud , Marlina Marlina , Siregar Mahmul
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang peranan otoritas jasa keuangan dalam pemberantasan tindak pidana pencucian uang yang menggunakan bank sebagai instrumen kejahatan, oleh sebab kejahatan pencucian uang (money laundering) mempunyai kaitan yang erat dengan perbankan, dimana harta hasil tindak pidana (predicate crime) ditempatkan pada institusi perbankan, sehingga proses penyamaran hasil kejahatan dapat menjadi clean money secara cepat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa secara garis otoritas jasa keuangan berperan sebagaimana kewenangannya yang diatur berdasarkan undang- undangri nomor 21 tahun 2011 meliputi kewenangan memberikan izin (right to license), kewenangan untuk mengatur (right to regulate), kewenanganuntuk mengawasi (right to control), kewenangan untuk mengenakan sanksi (right to impose sanction) serta kewenangan melakukan penyidikan di sektor jasa keuangan.
Penerapan Prinsip Business Judgment Rule Terhadap Pertanggungjawaban Perdata Direksi Perseroan
Authors: Silitonga Elia Fransisco , Sunarmi  , Siregar Mahmul
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Peranan Direksi sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan penghasilan perusahaan sesuai tujuan dan maksud perusahaan. Sebagai organ Perusahaan, direksi dalam menjalankan tugasnya seringkali mengambil keputusan bisnis yang tidak sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya. Hal ini dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran yang dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari adanya kelalaian dan/atau kesengajaan. Hal ini membawa dampak kepada pertanggungjawaban perdata direksi. Penerapan business judgment rule terhadap putusan Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 915K/Pdt/2017 terhadap Direksi PT Pegadaian tidak dapat diterima sebab Direksi PT. Pegadaian tidak melaksanakan prinsip good corporate governance yang baik kepada pegawainya sehingga direksi PT Pegadaian wajib memberikan hak pegawainya atas pemutusan hubungan kerja dan melakukan pertanggungjawaban perdata dengan mengganti kerugian pegawainya. Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Surabaya Nomor 83/Pdt.G/2016/PN.Sby menjadi legitimasi terhadap penerapan business judgment rule terhadap Direksi PT Santos Sanjaya, dimana penerapan prinsip ini juga tidak dapat diterima oleh pemegang saham minoritas disebabkan Direksi telah melanggar prinsip kepercayaan (fiduciary duty) yang diberikan padanya dan tidak bertindak dengan hati-hati.

Kata kunci: Direksi, Business Judgment Rule, Perusahaan, Pertanggungjawaban.

Abstract

Director plays a very necessary role to improve the company’s profit related to the company purpose and objective. As a company organ, a director might conduct decisions which is not in accordance with its task and function. It could be qualified as a violation which is possibly happen as a result of intentionality and/or negligence. It subsequently would lead the director to personal liability. The application of Business Judgment Rule to the Supreme Court of Indonesian Repubic Decision No. 915K / Pdt / 2017 against the Director of PT Pegadaian is unacceptable because he did not implement the Principles of Good Corporate Governance to his employees so that the Director of PT Pegadaian was obliged to give their employees right as the consequence of the unemployment and to perform civil liability by indemnifying their employees. The District Court of Surabaya Decision No. 83/Pdt.G/2016/PN. Sby became a legitimacy to the application of the Business Judgment Rule against the Director of PT Santos Sanjaya, where the application of this principle was also unaccepted by the minority shareholders because the Director violated the principle of trust (fiduciary duty) given to him and did not act with caution.

Keywords: Director, Business Judgement Rule, Company, Liability.
Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 Dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 65P/HUM/2018 Terhadap Syarat Pencalonan Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia
Authors: Ginting J. Putra , Nasution Faisal Akbar , Nasution Mirza , Edy Ikhsan
Published: March 2024

Munculnya 2 (dua) keputusan lembaga peradilan di atas terhadap pasal yang sama tentunya menjadikan penerapan Pasal 182 huruf l Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum terkait syarat seseorang untuk melakukan pendaftaran bakal calon DPD berbeda dan kecenderungannya terjadi kontradiktif. Oleh karenanya, perlu dilihat maksud dan tujuan masing-masing putusan lembaga peradilan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 dan Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 65P/HUM/2018 terhadap syarat pencalonan anggota DPD RI di Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 terhadap proses rekrutmen bakal calon DPD ialah dimana persyaratan bakal calon DPD bertambah dimana pengurus (fungsionaris) partai politik tidak dibenarkan mencalonkan diri sebagai bakal calon DPD namun dikarenakan keberlakuannya tidak berlaku surut maka putusan tersebut dan aturan yang mengimplementasikan putusan tersebut tidak berlaku bagi para bakal calon yang pendaftarannya tanggal 26 Maret sampai 11 Juli 2018 dan Pengumuman/Pemberitahuan Hasil Verifikasi tanggal 19 Juli 2018. Artinya, putusan atau aturan tidak boleh berlaku surut dimana hal tersebut juga sesuai dengan putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 65P/HUM/2018.

Kata kunci: Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Mahkamah Agung, Mahkamah Konstitusi.

Abstract

The emergence of the 2 (two) decisions of the judiciary above on the same article certainly makes the application of Article 182 letter l of Law no. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections regarding the requirements for someone to register for DPD candidates are different and tend to be contradictory. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the intent and purpose of each of these judicial decisions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 and Supreme Court Decision No. 65P/HUM/2018 on the requirements for the nomination of DPD RI members in Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, the effect of the Constitutional Court Decision No. 30/PUU-XVI/2018 regarding the recruitment process for DPD candidates is where the requirements for DPD candidates are increased where political party administrators (functionaries) are not allowed to nominate themselves as DPD candidates, but due to the fact that it does not apply retroactively, the decision and the rules that implement the decision does not apply to prospective candidates whose registration is from March 26 to July 11 2018 and the Announcement/Notification of Verification Results dated July 19, 2018. This means that decisions or rules may not apply retroactively where this is also in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court no. 65P/HUM/2018.

Keywords: Constitutional Court, Regional Representative Council, Supreme Court.
Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Di Pasar Modal Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2011 Tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan
Authors: Sinaga Dwi Natal Ngai Santoso , Siregar Bismar , Siregar Mahmul , Mahmud Mulyadi
Published: March 2024

Kejahatan pencucian uang adalah suatu kejahatan yang berdimensi internasional sehingga penaggulangannya harus dilakukan secara kerja sama internasional, prinsip dasar pencucian uang adalah menyembunyikan sumber dari segala pencucian uang dari aktivitas ilegal dengan melegalkan uang tersebut. Untuk melaksanakan hal tersebut uang diisyaratkan disalurkan melalui suatu penyesatan (imaze) guna menghapus jejak peredarannya dan orang-orang yang mempunyai uang tersebut menyalurkan bisnis yang fiktif yang tampaknya sebagai sumber penghasilan. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tentang bagaimana kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam penanganan pencucian uang/money laundering di Pasar Modal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam penanganan pencucian uang/money laundering di Pasar Modal adalah melakukan pengaturan dan pengawasan dan penyidikan sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 49 ayat (1) UU OJK.

Kata kunci: Kewenangan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Pasar Modal, Pencucian Uang.

Abstract

Money laundering crime is a crime of international dimensions so countermeasures must be made in intemational cooperation, the basic principle of money laundering is to hide the source of all money laundering from illegal activities by legalizing the money. To implement it hinted money channeled through a misdirection (imaze) in order to remove the traces of its circulation and people who have the money to distribute fictitious business appears to be a source of income. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the authority of the Financial Services Authority in handling money laundering in the Capital Market. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the authority of the Financial Services Authority in the handling of money laundering /money laundering in the capital market is regulated and supervised and investigations as provided for in Article 49 paragraph (1) of the FSA.

Keywords: Authority Financial Services Authority, Capital Market, Money Laundering.
Penerapan Pasal 112 Dan Pasal 127 Ayat 1 Huruf A Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika
Authors: Rambe Naharuddin , Alvi Syahrin  , Sunarmi  , Mahmud Mulyadi
Published: March 2024

Peredaran dan penyalahgunaan narkotika merupakan salah satu permasalahan nasional yang dipandang serius oleh pemerintah, karena dapat menyebabkan rusaknya moral bangsa, Pelaku tindak pidana narkotika tidak jarang mendapatkan hukuman berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang kurang memenuhi rasa keadilan dan kepastian hukum. Pada kasus-kasus narkotika, terdapat beberapa pasal yang sering digunakan untuk menjerat pelaku ialah Pasal 114, Pasal 112, dan Pasal 127 Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika. Ketiga pasal tersebut, terdapat dua pasal yang multitafsir dan ketidak jelasan rumusan yaitu pada Pasal 112 dan Pasal 127 Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Pasal multitafsir tersebut akan mengakibatkan para pelaku kejahatan narkotika (pengedar) akan berlindung seolah-olah dia korban kejahatan narkotika. Bahwa hal tersebut akan berdampak pada penjatuhan hukuman dengan hukuman yang singkat sehingga menimbulkan ketidakadilan pada proses pelaksanaannya. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa, mengidentifikasi formulasi dan perbedaan kualifikasi Pasal 112 dan Pasal 127 Ayat 1 huruf a Undang-undang  Nomor  35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika serta mengkaji dasar pertimbangan Hakim dalam menerapkan Pasal 112 dan  Pasal 127 Ayat 1 huruf a  Undang-undang  Nomor  35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika dalam Putusan Nomor 1023/Pid.Sus/2018/PN.Rap Nomor 762/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Rap, dan Nomor 712/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Rap.

Kata kunci: Formulasi, Kualifikasi, Pengeder dan Penyalahguna Narkoba.

Abstract

Drug traffic and drug abuse are one of the main national and serious problem because they can mar the people's morality. However, the perpetrators of drug criminal offense are treated unfairly in court for justice and legal certainty. In the cases of narcotics, the articles imposed on the perpetrators are Article 114, , Article 112, and Article 127 of Law No. 35/2009 on Narcotics. Of the three Articles above, two of them (Article 112 and Article 127) have multi-interpretation and unclearness of formula about narcotics which can cause the perpetrators (drug dealers) to get the alibi as if he were the victim.  That it will cause the sentence will be reduced so that there will be injustice in its implementation. The objective of the research is to analyze and to identify the formulation and the difference of the qualification of Article 112 and Article 127, paragraph 1 letter a of Law No. 35/2009 on Narcotics and analyzed the judges' consideration in implementing of these two Articles in the Verdicts Number 1023/Pd.Sus/2018/PN.Rap, Number 762/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Rap, and Number 712/Pid.Sus/ Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Rap.

Keywords: Drag Dealers and Abuser, Formulation, Qualification.
Peran Naskah Akademik Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Sihombing Deus Levolt , Nasution Bismar , Nasution Faisal Akbar , Siregar Mahmul
Published: March 2024

Naskah akademik adalah naskah hasil penelitian atau pengkajian hukum dan hasil penelitian lainnya terhadap suatu masalah tertentu yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah mengenai pengaturan masalah tersebut dalam suatu Rancangan Undang-Undang, Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi, atau Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota sebagai solusi terhadap permasalahan dan kebutuhan hukum masyarakat Peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk mencapai peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik diperlukan naskah akademik yang baik dan tidak lepas dari partisipasi masyarakat. Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai latar belakang diperlukannya naskah akademik dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan; serta fungsi naskah akademik dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian latar belakang diperlukannya naskah akademik dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan adalah demi tercapainya cita-cita hukum, demi terwujudnya asas-asas pembentukan perundang-undangan yang baik. Fungsi naskah akademik adalah sebagai naskah ilmiah yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan yang berisi latar belakang, tujuan penyusunan, sasaran yang ingin diwujudkan, memberikan gambaran mengenai substansi, materi dan ruang lingkup dari sebuah peraturan perundang-undangan yang akan dibuat, dan memberikan pertimbangan dalam rangka pengambilan keputusan bagi pihak eksekutif dan legislatif.

Kata kunci: Naskah Akademik, Pembentukan, Peraturan Perundang-undangan.

Abstract

Academic texts are research results or legal assessment and other research results are subject to a particular problem that can be scientifically accounted for by setting a short problem, Draft Provincial Regulations, or the District / City Regional Regulation Draft as a solution to the problem and legal requirements of the statutory regulations. To achieve good legislation for people who like and don't know what to do. For this reason, the purpose of this study will be to discuss the background of academic texts in legislation; and the function of academic texts in the formation of legislation. Based on having background research the need for academic texts in the drafting of legislation is for the sake of achieving legal ideals, for the sake of adjudicating the principles of establishing good legislation. The function of an academic text is as a responsible scientific text containing the background, purpose of preparation, goals to be realized, members of the description of the substanti, the material and scope of a safe waters are made, and members of consideration in the context of bathe for the ex-executive and legislative parties.

Keywords: Academic Manuscripts, Establishments, Legislation Regulations.
Pemberatan Pemidanaan Terhadap Aparat Penegak Hukum Sebagai Pengedar/Bandar Narkotika
Authors: Tumanggor Paian , Ediwarman Ediwarman , Mahmud Mulyadi  , Mohammad Ekaputra
Published: March 2024

Tindak pidana Narkotika merupakan salah satu kejahatan luar biasa (extra ordinary crime). Meningkat penyalahgunaan tindak pidana Narkotika, bukan hanya di masyarakat saja tetapi sudah mulai mengarah kepada aparat penegak hukum khususnya kepada anggota Kepolisian. Sanksi pidana dengan pemberatan diberikan kepada aparat penegak hukum yang terlibat sebagai bandar Narkotika dan menjadi bagian dari jaringan pengedar Internasional. Munculnya pemberatan pemidanaan ini agar dapat menimbulkan efek jera terhadap pelaku penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkotika dan Prekursor Narkotika. Pemberatan pidana tersebut dilakukan dengan mendasarkan pada golongan, jenis, ukuran, dan jumlah Narkotika. Aturan hukum mengenai pemidanaan dan pemberatan terhadap pemidanaan khususnya narkotika diatur didalam Pasal 111 sampai dengan Pasal 148 Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Aparat penegak hukum yang terbukti menjadi pengedar/Bandar narkotika akan dijatuhkan hukuman mati atau hukuman seumur hidup, selain itu juga akan dikenakan sanksi administratif. Kebijakan hukum pidana terhadap aparat penegak hukum sebagai Bandar narkotika dibagi atas 2 (dua) yaitu Pertama, Kebijakan Penal yang mana lebih menitikberatkan pada sifat repressive sesudah kejahatan tindak pidana narkotika terjadi, sedangkan Kedua, Kebijakan Non Penal yang mana lebih menitik beratkan pada sifat preventive sebelum kejahatan tindak pidana narkotika terjadi

Kata kunci: Aparat Penegak Hukum, Bandar Narkotika, Pemberatan Pemidanaan.

Abstract

Narcotics crime is one of the extraordinary crimes. The increase in drug abuse, not only in the community but has begun to lead to law enforcement officials, especially to members of the Police. Criminal sanctions with blessings are given to law enforcement officials who are involved as narcotics dealers and become part of an international network of dealers. The emergence of this punishment in order to cause a deterrent effect on the perpetrators of abuse and illicit circulation of Narcotics and Narcotics Precursors. The criminal punishment is carried out based on the group, type, size, and amount of narcotics. The rule of law regarding the imposition and imposition of the drug, especially narcotics, is regulated in Article 111 to Article 148 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. Law enforcement officials who are proven to be drug dealers will be sentenced to death or life sentences, but will also be subject to administrative sanctions. The criminal law policy against law enforcement officers as narcotics dealers is divided into 2 (two) namely First, penal policy which focuses more on repressive nature after narcotics crime occurs, while second, non-penal policy which focuses more on preventive nature before narcotics crime crime occurs.

Keywords: Law Enforcement Officer, Narcotics Dealer, Enforcement.
Asas Keseimbangan Dalam Kontrak Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa
Authors: Putra Hadian Indrawan , Purba Hasim , Siregar Mahmul , Harianto Dedi
Published: March 2024

Pengadaan barang dan jasa merupakan elemen penting dalam pembangunan, baik itu untuk program pemerintah, perusahaan, maupun individu guna mendorong pertumbuhan nasional. Proses ini meliputi tahapan persiapan, penentuan, pelaksanaan tender, dan administrasi yang luas. Sumber dana dapat berasal dari APBN atau non-APBN, dengan regulasi yang berbeda untuk BUMN dan perusahaan swasta seperti PT. X. Kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa menjadi kunci dalam proses ini, namun sering terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara pengguna dan penyedia barang/jasa. Penelitian hukum normatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi asas keseimbangan dalam kontrak pengadaan barang dan jasa, memberikan masukan bagi pemerintah, BUMN, masyarakat, dan kontraktor agar kontrak yang dibuat dapat mencerminkan keadilan sehingga kontrak tersebut menjadi terjamin keabsahannya.