bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional characteristics of education systems and inequalities: Introduction III
Authors: Gross Christiane , Hadjar Andreas
Published: February 2024

This is the third and final of multiple themed issues of International Journal of Comparative Sociology ( IJCS) dedicated to the question of how education systems shape educational inequalities in terms of systematic variations access to and uptake of education along certain axes of inequality such as social origin, gender, and immigrant background. While the previous introductions dealt with the research program, conceptual background, and methodological challenges in the study of the link between institutional characteristics of education systems and educational inequalities (Introduction I) as well as with the state-of-research (Introduction II), this third and final introduction is dedicated to discuss certain research desiderata in terms of an outlook with an eye on the latest major studies in this vibrant research field.
The psychopathology among the offspring of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder patients in an Egyptian sample: A comparative study
Authors: Gabrielle Fiby Fayez , Refaat Ghada , Mahmoud Dalia Abdel Moneim , Ezzat Lina , Hassan Kasem Rania Elsayed
Published: February 2024

Background:

A variety of psychiatric illnesses can develop in children of parents who suffer from bipolar affective disorder.

Aims:

The purpose of the research was to investigate, among the offsprings of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type I, the prevalence of a variety of psychiatric diseases as well as a range of behavioral abnormalities.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional observational comparative study. The outpatient psychiatric clinics at Shebin Elkom Mental Health Hospital, Menofia Governorate, Egypt 500 offspring (there were 250 offspring of parents both diagnosed with schizophrenia and 250 offsprings born to parents with bipolar affective disorder).

Results:

Statistically significant association of male gender with somatic complaints, social problems, and attention problems in the bipolar offspring group. In addition, there was a statistically significant association between female gender and anxiety or depression in the bipolar offspring group. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between male gender and thought problems and aggressive behavior in the schizophrenia group. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using K-SADS in relation to gender revealed a statistically significant association of male gender with affective disorder, behavioral disorder, and substance use disorder in the bipolar offspring group. Moreover, there was a statistically significant association between female gender and psychotic disorder in the schizophrenia group.

Conclusion:

We concluded that offspring with bipolar illness had a significant association with somatic symptoms, anxiety/depressive disorder, social issues, attention problems, and aggressive behavior. Schizophrenia offspring were strongly related to thought issues.
The bizarre history of the astrological vault “El Cielo de Salamanca”
Authors: Sánchez León José Guillermo , Recio Sánchez Pablo
Published: February 2024

In the cloister of the Patio de Escuelas Menores of Salamanca, there is a mural known as El Cielo de Salamanca ( The Sky of Salamanca) depicting some Ptolemaic constellations, the Sun and Mercury. It is part of a painting (c. 1483–86) that was hidden for a century and a half. Rediscovered in 1901, it was moved to its current location in 1953. Those who visited it shortly after its completion describe it as a magnificent astrological vault. However, in 1960, Zinner stated that the mural was a representation of the celestial vault of an August day in 1475. This interpretation has been taken as a fact ever since. Here it is shown that it is a speculative proposal with many inconsistencies. The authors consider that the painting is an iconographic representation with astrological motifs depicting the planets in their houses or domiciles according to the Tetrabiblos. Based on this new interpretation, consistent with what was taught in Salamanca at that time, the article proposes what the original painting may have looked like.
Madeira: 300 years of an astronomical site
Authors: Augusto Pedro
Published: February 2024

The history of science in islands is not a well worked out discipline. This article offers the first thorough historical account of astronomical activities at Madeira, from the discovery of the uninhabited island in the fifteenth century (600 years ago), through its establishment as an astronomical observatory (300 years ago) and up to the recent past.
Ad astra per aspera: From the Sewers of Kansas to Harvard College Observatory
Authors: Gingerich Owen , DeVorkin David , Evans James , Kremer Richard L
Published: February 2024

Owen Gingerich’s previously unpublished autobiographical sketch of his astronomical education, from his teenage years up through graduate school at Harvard, is presented with an introduction and notes by the editors.
Progress of air flow field and fiber motion analysis in textile manufacturing process: a review
Authors: Dong Guanzhen , Zhang Daohong , Yue Jianing , Wu Liwei , Han Lina , Zhang Ze , Qian Xiaoming
Published: February 2024

The control of air flow fields generated in the textile manufacturing process is important to fiber motion. With the expansion of textile applications and the challenges brought by carbon emissions, a series of fundamental research has been conducted on the control of various forms of air flow fields in textile processes. This paper reviews the research on air flow fields and fiber motion in textile processes over the past few decades, focusing on both experimental and numerical studies. The air flow field characteristics, fiber motion patterns, and corresponding control methods for vortex, jet and shear flow fields in the textile process are summarized. The results show that the air flow field and fiber motion are major factors affecting textile structure. These fundamental studies are of great significance in improving product quality, reducing energy consumption, and exploring novel applications.
Effect of phthalate-free plasticizer addition on thermal, mechanical, and aging properties of nitrile rubber (NBR)
Authors: Menezes Fernanda , Passador Fabio Roberto , Mello Sandra Aparecida Coelho de
Published: February 2024

Nitrile rubber (NBR) is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and chemical sectors due to its resistance to fuels, oil, thermal aging, and fatigue. A typical NBR compound is prepared with several components that are added to obtain a product to meet specific industry requirements. Plasticizer is one of the main components used in NBR compounds. Typically, phthalates like DBP (dibutyl phthalate) or DOP (dioctyl phthalate) are used for NBR plasticization. However, these phthalates-based plasticizers are associated with toxicity and often prohibited by international regulatory standards. In this way, in the pursuit of a non-toxic NBR compound, the use of phthalate-free plasticizer, namely dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP), has been proposed. In this work, NBR compounds with DOTP, DBP, or DOP were processed in an open mill and vulcanized in hydraulic press. The unvulcanized samples were tested in a moving die rheometer (MDR). Subsequently, thermal, mechanical, and aging analyses were conducted for the vulcanized samples. The lowest torque observed in the rheometric curve, the displacement value of glass transition temperature (Tg), the smaller Shore A hardness, and the high elongation at break indicate that the addition of DOTP results in higher plasticization. The better-aging properties indicate lower migration of the DOTP plasticizer. Thus, the use of DOTP as a plasticizer holds promise as a viable alternative to replace the phthalates-based plasticizer in NBR compounds.
Design and implementation of multispectral band gonioradiometer for ultraviolet light sources measurements
Authors: Karmalawi Abdallah M
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to design a multispectral band gonioradiometer that can measure the distribution of irradiance from ultraviolet (UV) light sources using different band spectrum detectors. One detector is sensitive to UVA, while the other is sensitive to UVC. The gonioradiometer can also acquire signals from both detectors simultaneously, including the UVC/blue spectral band. The system is driven by software developed in LabVIEW, which allows for interactive front-panel user interfaces to record the signals. The uncertainty associated with the angular irradiance distribution measurements using the gonioradiometer system was evaluated to be approximately 2% for UVA, 2.4% for UVC, and less than 1.8% for blue light measurements (at k = 2).
Personality Trait Change Across a Major Global Stressor
Authors: Kyle Kalista M. , Ford Brett Q. , Willroth Emily C.
Published: February 2024

The current research examined three related questions in a 21-month longitudinal study of a diverse sample of U.S. participants ( N = 504): (a) How did Big Five traits change during the COVID-19 pandemic? (b) What factors were associated with individual differences in trait change? and (c) How was Big Five trait change associated with downstream well-being, mental health, and physical health? On average, across the 21-month study period, conscientiousness increased slightly, and extraversion decreased slightly. Individual trajectories varied around these average trajectories, and although few factors predicted these individual differences, greater increases in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and greater decreases in neuroticism were associated better well-being and fewer mental and physical health symptoms. The present research provides evidence that traits can change in the context of a major global stressor and that socially desirable patterns of trait change are associated with better health.
Impact of language familiarity on abstract pattern recognition in 9- to 12-month-old infants
Authors: Fratacci Althéa , Clerc Olivier , Fort Mathilde , Pascalis Olivier
Published: February 2024

Previous studies found an impact of language familiarity on face recognition in 9- and 12-month-olds. Own race faces are better recognized when associated with native language, whereas for other race faces, it is with non-native language. The aim of this study is to investigate if language familiarity can also influence abstract pattern recognition. We tested 9- to 12-month-old monolingual infants with a visual paired-comparison task. During a 30-s familiarization phase, infants were shown an image of abstract patterns associated with an auditory soundtrack of a speaker reciting a story either in their native (French) or in a non-native language (German). After the familiarization, the familiar and a new abstract pattern were displayed side by side for the recognition test. We found a significant preference for the novel object in the native language condition but not in the non-native condition. These results suggest that language familiarity effects on infant memory are not specific to faces but also influence, on a larger scale, how infants process their immediate visual environment.
Hemorrhagic stroke-induced subtype of inflammatory reactive astrocytes disrupts blood-brain barrier
Authors: Liu Chang , Guo Yiyan , Deng Shiyu , Zhou Shiyi , Wu Shengju , Chen Tingting , Shi Xiaojing , Mamtilahun Muyassar , Xu Tongtong , Liu Ze , Li Hanlai , Zhang Zhijun , Tian Hengli , Chung Won-Suk , Wang Jixian , Yang Guo-Yuan , Tang Yaohui
Published: February 2024

Astrocytes undergo disease-specific transcriptomic changes upon brain injury. However, phenotypic changes of astrocytes and their functions remain unclear after hemorrhagic stroke. Here we reported hemorrhagic stroke induced a group of inflammatory reactive astrocytes with high expression of Gfap and Vimentin, as well as inflammation-related genes lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), Complement component 3 (C3), and Serpina3n. In addition, we demonstrated that depletion of microglia but not macrophages inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes in inflammatory reactive astrocytes. RNA sequencing showed that blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption-related gene matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) was highly upregulated in inflammatory reactive astrocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP3 in astrocytes or specific deletion of astrocytic MMP3 reduced BBB disruption and improved neurological outcomes of hemorrhagic stroke mice. Our study demonstrated that hemorrhagic stroke induced a group of inflammatory reactive astrocytes that were actively involved in disrupting BBB through MMP3, highlighting a specific group of inflammatory reactive astrocytes as a critical driver for BBB disruption in neurological diseases.
Bilingual Latina Siblings Supporting Siblings: Shared Reading as a Context for Supporting Cognitive Self-Regulation
Authors: Palacios Natalia , Yasmeen Hill-Maini Tatiana , Dugan Stephanie , Kibler Amanda , Paulick Judy
Published: February 2024

To explore the ways in which Latinx older siblings support younger siblings during shared reading, researchers investigated the following question with three Latinx families in the U.S.: How are older siblings modeling and intentionally supporting focal children’s cognitive self-regulation in the context of shared reading? Analyses of video recorded interactions across six visits revealed that older siblings intentionally supported focal children’s cognitive self-regulation by fostering autonomy and choice through the use of verbal and nonverbal cues to guide attention, using prosody to engage their sibling, and to initiate reading beyond resistance, and vicarious modeling of metacognitive processes by engaging in self-corrections and demonstrating positive affect during shared reading interactions. Findings highlight the importance of older siblings, particularly sisters, as key figures in the sociocultural context of development for Latinx younger siblings in the U.S.
Malevolent Monitoring: Dark Triad Traits, Cyber Dating Abuse, and the Instrumental Role of Self-Control
Authors: Schokkenbroek Janneke M. , Hauspie Thijs , Ponnet Koen , Hardyns Wim
Published: February 2024

Cyber dating abuse (CDA) concerns the use of digital technology to control, monitor, and hurt one’s intimate partner. CDA can have profound detrimental outcomes, such as mental health problems. As such, it is important to identify intrapersonal factors that may explain these behaviors. Previous research suggests that one such factor is the personality cluster of Dark Triad traits (DTT), comprising Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Additionally, DTT and CDA perpetration have both been linked to poor self-control ability, but these relationships have not yet been tested together in one model. As such, the present study examines if individuals’ poor self-control ability mediates the relationship between the DTT and CDA perpetration. To test these associations, we conducted a survey study among a representative sample of Belgian adults ( n = 1,144; Mage = 47.66 years; 51.3% female). Findings from correlation analyses revealed that all three DTT were individually associated with CDA perpetration, such that higher scores on these traits corresponded with more CDA perpetration. Additionally, pathway analyses from structural equation modeling revealed that individuals’ poor self-control ability fully explained the relationship between Machiavellianism and narcissism and CDA perpetration, and partially explained the relationship between psychopathy and CDA perpetration. As our findings suggest that self-control plays an instrumental role in explaining why individuals control and monitor their partner via digital technology, prevention and intervention efforts should seek ways to improve individuals’ self-control ability in situations that may trigger such harmful interpersonal behaviors, particularly among individuals who exhibit Dark Triad personality traits.
Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex in Human Lactation: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Lynn Herr Stephanie , Devido Jessica , Zoucha Richard , Demirci Jill R.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is an understudied condition of lactation involving emotional dysregulation during letdown or milk ejection. Affected individuals may experience transient feelings of helplessness, melancholy, and general unhappiness.

Research Aim:

To evaluate the scope of published literature on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex.

Method:

Whittemore and Knafl’s methodology guided this integrative review. Five databases were searched for primary research, summaries, and editorials on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex in lactating individuals. Literature searched also included websites, pamphlets, and conference proceedings via Google and Google Scholar. A total of 11 articles, from five different countries, met inclusion criteria for review.

Results:

Studies on Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex and negative emotional sensations during lactation were synthesized under five conceptual umbrellas: (1) Experiences, Sensations, and Symptom Management; (2) Biological Underpinnings; (3) Influence on Maternal Role and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy; (4) Support, Understanding, and Awareness; and (5) Reduction and Cessation of Breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is a neurobiological condition characterized by low mood and negative feelings during milk ejection throughout lactation. Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex is linked to maternal psychological distress and breastfeeding discontinuation. Priority areas for future research include biological origins and interventions aimed at prevention, symptom control, and greater awareness of the condition on a more international scope.
Legacy in Family Business: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Radu-Lefebvre Miruna , Davis James H. , Gartner William B.
Published: February 2024

This article maps and integrates research on legacy in family business using a sample of 140 articles. After describing the process of arriving at a corpus of legacy articles, we propose a systematic literature review that summarizes current literature based on five overarching questions: (a) What is legacy? (b) Who sends and receives legacy? (c) Why is legacy sent and accepted/rejected? (d) How is legacy sent and received? and (e) In which contexts? Based on this review, we identify gaps in the literature and suggest theoretical perspectives and research questions to guide future research on legacy in family business.
A Framework for Deepening Racial Equity in Prenatal-Grade Three Systems: Lessons From a 10-Year Reflective Case Study
Authors: Green Beth L. , Patterson Lindsey B. , Houser Caitlin R.
Published: February 2024

This paper uses a reflective, retrospective case study methodology to analyze data from a 10-year University-Community partnership focused on supporting implementation and improvement of a Prenatal-Grade 3 (P3) system in an elementary school. Using a framework for centering equity in Collective Impact approaches, we analyze the steps we took as research partners/program evaluators to address racial and other inequities while highlighting missed opportunities to better center racial equity in the evaluation and P3 Initiative work. Through our analysis, we seek to identify where and how racial inequities surfaced, to describe how systemic racism influenced the evaluation and P3 Initiative process, and how this served to perpetuate the status quo and prevent transformative systems change. Results speak to opportunities for researchers, funders, and policymakers to identify and disrupt conventionally-accepted approaches to educational research and to work more effectively to advance educational equity for children and their families.
Beyond Religion: A Bonhoefferian Discussion of Ecclesial Repentance in the Aftermath of Abuse
Authors: Whyte Christopher
Published: February 2024

Abuse, when committed by spiritual authority figures, can have far-reaching consequences for church communities well after perpetrators have been removed and held accountable. In attending to survivors, a host of issues may come to light, including but not limited to, organizational complicity in abuse, institutional marginalization of the vulnerable, and the revelation that worship spaces can be traumatically triggering. The work of scholars like Michelle Panchuk, Elaine Heath, and Katharina von Kellenbach all point to the challenging reality that ecclesial repentance­ may demand dramatic changes to restore a safe environment and righteous expressions of worship that honour God's intentions for all. Glen Kinoshita's ‘ministry of reconciliation’ and Dietrich Bonhoeffer's ‘preparing the way’ and ‘religionless Christianity’ are texts that on the surface address this type of process; however, it is not clear that either scholar fully reckons with the issue of a worshipping community or space that has been so marred by abuse as to become an impediment to a survivor's participation in liturgy. In this article, I modify Bonhoeffer's work to move beyond his claims and make recommendations for further steps towards repentance.
Design of Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Rehabilitation-Assistant Device of Lower Limbs under Cross Coupling Effect
Authors: Alawad Nasir Ahmed , Humaidi Amjad J , Alaraji Ahmed Sabah
Published: February 2024

The robotic exoskeleton is a device which is designed to actuate the lower limbs of human leg for rehabilitation purposes. This device is used instead of physicians in rehabilitation clinics to recover the normal activities of dysfunctional parts. In this study, design of ADRC has been presented to control the motion of hip and knee joints for rehabilitated patients who wearing the exoskeleton device. The key of ADRC approach is to use extended state observer (ESO) for estimating the total uncertainties of the system and to compensate them in feedback-based control law. The proposed control scheme has been designed to reduce the coupling effect due to the cross coupling of upper and lower legs. The stability of ADRC-based system has been proven based on Lyapunov method. The effectiveness of proposed ADRC for hip and joint rehabilitated device has been verified via numerical simulations within MATLAB environment. The tests have been conducted including load and no-load exertion. As compared to proportional derivative controller, the numerical results revealed that the proposed ADRC gives better tracking performance and higher precision while maintaining appropriate control torque.
Integrated control of anti-rollover for high-mobility emergency rescue vehicles
Authors: Zhao Donghua , Gong Mingde , Zhao Dingxuan , Liu Wenbin , Chang Jinming , Tang Jiahao
Published: February 2024

In this paper, an integrated anti-rollover control strategy is proposed to solve the rollover stability problem of emergency rescue vehicles. The integrated anti-rollover control is performed on the Active suspension system and the multi-axle steering system. Firstly, establish an eleven-degree-of-freedom coupled dynamic model for the vehicle; Secondly, the H∞/generalized H2 output feedback controller for Active suspension is designed, and the multi-axle steering LQR controller is designed; The upper level coordinated fuzzy controller is designed again, and the integrated control strategy of anti-rollover is used to integrate the Active suspension system and the multi-axle steering system. The test results show that, compared with the uncontrolled vehicle, the root mean square value of the lateral load transfer rate of the vehicle under integrated control decreased by 14.3%, 12%, and 10.9%; the root mean square values of lateral acceleration decreased by 26.8%, 22.8%, and 27.4%, respectively; the root mean square values of roll angle decreased by 27.7%, 25.2%, and 29.1%, respectively; respectively in the three-vehicle tests, and the proposed integrated control strategy for rollover prevention effectively improved the rollover prevention ability of emergency rescue vehicles.
Assessing the diet of modern and archaeological guanacos from the Great Chaco in Córdoba, Argentina, through stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of bone and dentin collagen: Implications for paleoenvironmental and zooarchaeological studies
Authors: Weihmüller María Paula , Izeta Andrés Darío , Sharpe Ashley , Takigami Mai , Costa Thiago , Cattáneo Gabriela Roxana
Published: February 2024

The application of stable isotope analyses allows a diachronic characterisation of species habitat and feeding behaviour, information of utmost importance for zooarchaeological research. In South America, the former distribution of the guanaco ( Lama guanicoe) encompassed a much larger territory than the current one. Within the Argentinean Great Chaco, only a small native population persists in Northwestern Córdoba province, Central Argentina, where it was once widely distributed. In this paper, we present the first set of dentin and collagen δ13C and δ15N values for this relict population ( N = 18) along with archaeological data of guanaco specimens ( N = 19) dated to the Middle and Late Holocene from the nearby Ongamira valley. Neither deciduous and permanent teeth nor males and females show marked differences within the modern samples. Both modern and archaeological guanaco δ13C values indicate a mixed diet of C3 and, to a lesser extent, C4 plants. Conversely, the δ15N values exhibit distinct signals between the Arid and the Mountain Chaco subregions. The diet breadth of the archaeological guanacos suggests the use of transitional or ecotonal environments, also reflected in the size of their isotopic niche as opposed to modern guanacos. Regarding the timing of the species retraction in the region, there is no evidence of a shift in its habitat during the period between ~4700 and 190014C years BP. We suggest their retraction probably occurred later than previously proposed in regional zooarchaeological models.
Overjet in Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: El-Rabbany Mohamed , Shargo Ryan , Ricalde Pat
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to determine the normal ranges for overjet in healthy infants under 12 months of age.

Design

A cross sectional study of consecutive patients below 12 months of age.

Setting

The study was conducted at a private practice in Tampa, FL that specializes in pediatric craniomaxillofacial disorders.

Patients

All patients under the age 12 months were considered for entry into the study. Patients were excluded if they had temporomandibular joint pathology, sleep disordered breathing, facial trauma, or were diagnosed with a craniofacial anomaly.

Interventions

Measures of overjet, defined as the distance between the anterior surfaces of the alveolar ridges when in centric relation, were obtained.

Main Outcome Measure

The primary study outcome was the overjet of the enrolled patients.

Results

A total of 152 infants were included in this study. Of these, 51 were female, and 40 were born prematurely (ranging from 32–37 weeks of gestation). In neonates below 1 month of age, the mean overjet was 2.25 mm (95% CI 1.31–3.19). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed overjet to significantly decrease with age, at a mean rate of approximately 0.1 mm per month (coefficient of −0.09, 95% CI −1.61 to −0.02, p = 0.01). When controlling for potential confounders, average overjet was not shown to vary significantly between the sexes, with prematurity, with race, or with primary diagnosis at presentation.

Conclusion

This paper establishes normative values for overjet in infants below 12 months of age.
Unequal Resources, Unequal Careers: The Role of Campaign Financing in the Gender Gap in Candidates’ Persistence in Brazil
Authors: Vallejo Agustín
Published: February 2024

Do female candidates give up running for office after losing more readily than their male counter-parts? I address this question by employing a regression discontinuity between last winners and first losers in city council elections in Brazil. The results show that losing an election diminishes the chances of running again for both genders. However, the effect is large for women. I offer an explanation for this gender gap in rerunning by developing a model based on the distribution of campaign financial resources among candidates. I argue that female candidates receive fewer financial resources from donors and their political parties than male candidates. Consequently, to run for office, women often need to use more of their own money. This leads to a faster depletion of their personal financial resources and, ultimately, a greater likelihood of them dropping out of politics. The argument is supported by evidence on campaign financing for the same period.
Amelia and the Patel Family: Helping Parents of Boomerang Children Shift from Stressors to Strengths
Authors: Casares Donald Robert , Hendricks Bret , Bradley Loretta , Noble Nicole , Flinchum Matthew , Wilhite Hannah
Published: February 2024

Increasingly, adults between the ages of 20 and 35 are living with their parent or parents for extended periods of time. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as “boomerang child coresidence,” poses a range of benefits and challenges for families. The authors of this article consulted an expert about boomerang child coresidence to identify ethical dilemmas family counselors may encounter as they work with families experiencing boomerang child coresidence. In this article, the authors wrote a fictional case study incorporating intersectional issues related to a family with a boomerang family member and then asked an expert to respond to questions about the case study. The respondent to this case study highlights key ethical, cultural, and systemic considerations, and provides recommendations for couples and family counselors to apply the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors Code of Ethics in their work with parents of boomerang children.
Factors Associated with Parametrial Involvement in Endometrial Carcinoma in Patients Treated with Radical Hysterectomy
Authors: Barquet-Muñoz Salim , Bandala-Jaques Antonio , Perez-Montiel Ma Delia , Prada Diddier , Martínez-Flores Marithe , Salcedo-Hernández Rosa A. , Pérez-Plasencia Carlos , Gonzalez-Enciso Aaron , Leon David Cantu-de
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Describe factors associated with parametrial involvement, and how these factors modify the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy.

Methods

Observational study in which categorized patients according to those with and without parametrial involvement. A descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were performed for associations between parametrial spread and clinical, surgical, and pathology variables.

Results

We analyzed 85 patients, which 18 (21%) had parametrial involvement. Pathology factors associated with parametrial involvement were the endometrioid subtype, grade 3, and variants of poor prognosis (odds ratio (OR) 3.41, 95% CI 1.09-10.64; P = 0.035), myometrial invasion of over 50% (OR 7.76, 95% CI 1.65-36.44; P = 0.009), serosal involvement (OR 17.07, 95% CI 3.87-75.35; P < 0.001), ovarian metastasis (OR 5.15, 95% CI 1.36-19.46; P = 0.016), positive peritoneal cytology (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.04-14.77; P = 0.044), and lymph node metastasis (OR 3.4; 95% CI 1.16-9.97; P = 0.026). Five-year disease-free survival was 74% (95% CI 57.4-85.4) for the group without parametrial spread and 50.8% (95% CI 22.7-73.4) for the group with parametrial spread ( P = 0.001). Similarly, 5-year overall survival was 85.2% (95% CI 67.9-93.6) for the group without parametrial spread and 47.5% (95% CI 8.1-80.2) for the group with parametrial spread ( P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Factors associated with parametrial involvement were histologies of poor prognosis, tumors affecting uterine serosa, cervix, or spread beyond the uterus. Additionally, parametrial involvement directly affects prognosis by reducing overall survival, disease-free survival and increasing odds for recurrence.
Efficacy and safety of the Valsalva maneuver in relieving venipuncture pain in children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Haoning , Li Xia , Huang Xiaotong , Yang Haoran , Li Jing , Yang Xiao
Published: February 2024

Venipuncture is a common invasive clinical procedure, and pain management during puncture has been of interest to healthcare professionals. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Valsalva maneuver (VM) for the relief of venipuncture pain in children and adults. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database, and CBM were searched from inception to December 2023 for all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the impact of VM on venipuncture. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Continuous variables were analyzed by mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD), whereas dichotomous variables were analyzed by risk ratios (RR). A total of 22 studies involving 1740 participants were included. The pooled results showed that VM relieved pain intensity during venipuncture in children (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.47 to −0.30, p = 0.003) and adults (SMD = −1.11, 95% CI = −1.46 to −0.77, p < 0.00001), reduced anxiety intensity (SMD = −1.07, 95% CI = −1.68 to −0.47, p = 0.0005), and shortened puncture time (MD = −13.52, 95% CI = −21.14 to −5.90, p = 0.0005). There was no significant difference in the success rate of venous cannulation, MAP, HR, or incidence of adverse events in subjects who performed VM compared to controls. VM was an effective and safe method of pain management that reduced pain intensity during venipuncture in children and adults without significant adverse effects. The results of this meta-analysis need to be further validated by more rigorous and larger RCTs.
Optimal insertion site for ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization utilizing the dynamic needle tip positioning technique: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Lu Bo , Shan Jianbo , Pan Zhihao , Sun Jianliang
Published: February 2024

Background:

The dynamic needle tip positioning technique represents an advanced version of the short-axis out-of-plane ultrasound-guided approach employed for radial artery catheterization. The study aimed to explore the most effective insertion site capable of expeditiously and accurately executing the procedure in a clinical setting.

Methods:

A prospective randomized controlled study encompassed 246 elective surgery patients necessitating invasive arterial monitoring. Participants were randomly assigned to three distinct groups: Site 1 (targeting the radial styloid process), Site 2 (midway between Sites 1 and 3), and Site 3 (distal one-third of the forearm). The dynamic needle tip positioning technique was implemented across all groups. Crucial parameters, such as first-attempt success rate, time to success, overall success rate, total catheterization time, number of attempts, and complications, were meticulously documented and compared.

Results:

The Site 2 cohort presented a significantly heightened first-attempt success rate compared to Site 1 (97.5% vs 80%, p = 0.003) and Site 3 (97.5% vs 81.25%, p = 0.006). Moreover, Site 2 displayed a reduced time to success in contrast to Site 1 (31.5 vs 38, p = 0.003) and Site 3 (31.5 vs 40, p = 0.006). Total catheterization time was significantly shorter in Site 2 compared to Site 1 (32 vs 42.5, p < 0.001) and Site 3 (32 vs 43.5, p < 0.001). Site 2 necessitated fewer attempts than Site 1 ( p = 0.02) and Site 3 ( p = 0.03). Male gender and puncture at Site 2 were associated with expedited time to success. Adverse events manifested more frequently in the Site 3 group compared to the Site 1 group (15% vs 3.75%, p = 0.03) and the Site 2 group (15% vs 2.5%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

The optimal insertion site for ultrasound-guided radial artery catheterization utilizing the dynamic needle tip positioning technique in adult patients is situated midway between the radial styloid process and the distal one-third of the forearm.
Fretting wear characteristics evolution mechanism of 60Si2MnA steel for high-speed railway fastener clips
Authors: Zeng Yong , Qin Zhangyue , Su Chao , Zeng Ziyue , Xu Shihang , Zhang Guixiang , Ren Pingdi
Published: February 2024

The fastener clips of the high-speed railway may fracture due to accumulated fretting damage, posing a hazard to train operation safety. To investigate the evolution mechanism of fretting wear characteristics of high-speed railway fastener clips, this paper conducted fretting wear tests on 60Si2MnA steel used for clips and analyzed the fretting wear characteristics under different number of fretting cycles ( N). The results indicate that as N increases, the friction coefficient rises initially, then falls, slightly rises again, and eventually stabilizes. Furthermore, the surface wear volume and depth of 60Si2MnA steel material increase continuously, and its fretting wear mechanism undergoes a transformation. Specifically, at 20,000 cycles, surface plastic deformation primarily causes material damage. While at 40,000 cycles, an oxide plastic deformation layer appears on the material surface, where adhesive wear and oxidation wear become the primary wear mechanisms. When N increases to 80,000, plastic strain accumulates continually on the material surface, causing the oxide plastic deformation layer in the outer contact area to break and detach gradually. Adhesive wear transforms into abrasive wear, cracks occur inside the material, and fatigue wear becomes a significant wear mechanism. This study fills the research gap in the fretting wear evolution mechanism of 60Si2MnA steel.
Problems with “problem behavior”: A secondary systematic review of intervention research on transition-age autistic youth
Authors: Bottema-Beutel Kristen , McKinnon Rachael , Mohiuddin Sarah , LaPoint Shannon Crowley , Kim So Yoon
Published: February 2024

In this secondary systematic review of single-case and controlled group design intervention studies conducted with transition-age autistic youth, we examined features of 48 studies with 273 participants that measured at least one “problem behavior” outcome (Prospero registration number: 231764). We searched 11 databases for relevant studies, and the final search date was November 2022. Our primary aims were to determine how problem behaviors were defined and selected for reduction, how functions were determined, and the interventions used to address them. Studies were coded and codes were tabulated and converted to percentages to answer each research question. Thirty-eight percent of studies defined problem behavior, and 88% of studies implemented behavioral strategies to reduce problem behaviors. Behaviors with low potential for harm constituted the majority of the 67 outcome variables (61%), while behaviors with high potential for harm were a minority (39%). The most common intervention target was stereotypic behavior. Fewer than half of studies: reported procedures for selecting behaviors, reported procedures to determine behavior function, or ascribed functions to behaviors. We were unable to report on some demographic features of participants (e.g. race/ethnicity) because they were rarely reported in primary studies. We conclude that problem behavior is poorly conceptualized in this research.

Lay abstract

In a previous study, we looked at research done on strategies to support autistic people who were between 14 and 22 years old. For this study, we looked at all of the studies in our previous study that tried to decrease or stop autistic people from doing certain things—many researchers call these things “problem behavior.” There were 48 studies that tried to reduce problem behavior, and most of them used strategies like prompting and reinforcement to try get autistic people to change their behavior. We found many things wrong with these studies. Most of them did not define the group of behaviors they were trying to stop autistic people from doing. None of the studies looked at whether any side effects happened when they tried the strategy they were studying. Also, most of the studies tried to stop autistic people from doing behaviors that probably were not harmful, like stereotypic behavior. Most of the studies did not say how they decided that the behaviors they tried to stop were a problem for the autistic people in the study, and most studies did not try to figure out why the autistic people in the study did the behaviors the researchers were trying to stop them from doing.
Overview of recent cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union (September-December 2023)
Authors: Melin Pauline , Parthenopoulos Nikos
Published: February 2024

This case report discusses six judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU rendered between September and 19 December 2023. The first judgment reported is in case C-422/22 Zaklad v TE, in which the Court took the opportunity to clarify that the duty for the issuing institution to verify that the conditions for issuing an A1 (posting) certificate are met arises not only at the moment of the issuance but also continuously during the posting period. The case report also covers the case C-45/22 HK v Service fédéral des Pensions, in which the Court interpreted for the first time Article 55(1) (a) of Regulation 883/2004 on the method of calculation for overlapping benefits of a different kind. The case report ends with two rulings dealing with infringement procedures against the Netherlands: C-459/22 and C-360/22 European Commission v Kingdom of The Netherlands. In these judgments, the Court considered that the Dutch tax rules on transfer of pension capital were an infringement of the free movement of workers (Article 45 TFEU). Finally, we report on two cases on social security benefits for EU officials and two cases dealing with Covid-19 measures.
Online discourse and chronotopic identity work: A longitudinal digital ethnography on WeChat
Authors: Li Luyao , Huang Jing
Published: February 2024

This article presents a sociolinguistic analysis of online identity construction through the lens of chronotope. Based on a longitudinal digital ethnography spanning 2019–2022, we examined 253 WeChat Moments posts collected from a participant referred to as ‘Green’. Our aim is to understand how individuals with migration experiences tactically draw on multimodal and translingual resources to construct a coherent online persona amid offline mobility, change and discontent. Our research uncovers that Green’s posts normalise an ‘alternative reality’ for her online persona presentation, wherein her offline experiences are reconfigured into ‘invokable histories’ contributing to the creation of ‘chronotopic behavioural scripts’. This reconfiguration of time-spaces yields a ‘collaged’ identity continuity, particularly evident during periods of restricted physical mobility such as pandemic lockdowns. This study not only provides a methodological enhancement to sociolinguistic research on identity but also contributes to ongoing discussions on temporal-spatial reconfigurations in social media communication.
Calls to (what kind of?) action: A framework for comparing political actors’ campaign strategies across social media platforms
Authors: Larsson Anders Olof , Tønnesen Hedvig , Magin Melanie , Skogerbø Eli
Published: February 2024

Politicians can use social media to prompt citizens to engage by means of calls to action—statements, often in imperative form, that explicitly encourage audiences to take immediate action. This study makes a twofold contribution to this field: (1) Theoretically, we relate three factors shaping social media campaigns (audiences, affordances, genres) to calls to action related to three main campaign functions (information, mobilization, interaction). (2) Empirically, we show the applicability of this framework to systematic platform comparisons in the Western European context, taking the use of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter by political actors in Norway as an example. Conducting a standardized manual content analysis, we find that calls for certain kinds of action are more common than others, probably related to shortage of time and resources in election campaigns. Which calls to action are used is clearly affected by the platforms on which they are published.
Repetition for real-time coordination of action: Lexical and non-lexical vocalizations in collaborative time management
Authors: Keevallik Leelo , Hofstetter Emily , Löfgren Agnes , Wiggins Sally
Published: February 2024

Repetition has often been argued to be a semiotic device that iconically signifies ‘more content’, such as intensity and plurality. However, through multimodal interaction analysis of materials in English, Estonian, and Swedish, this paper demonstrates how self-repetition is used to coordinate actions across participants and temporally organize the ongoing activity. The data are taken from infant mealtimes, pilates classes, dance training, boardgames, rock climbing, and opera rehearsals. Repetition of both lexical and non-lexical tokens can prolong, postpone, and generally organize segments of action as well as co-create rhythms and moves in a moment-by-moment reflexive relationship with other (non-vocalizing) participants. A crucial feature of repetitions is that they can be flexibly extended to fit the other’s public performance, its launching, continuation, and projectable completion. We argue that the iconicity of repetition emerges through its indexical relationship to other bodies, as a real-time jointly achieved phenomenon.
Improving Accountability for Equitable Health and Well-being in Urban Informal Spaces: Moving from Dominant to Transformative Approaches
Authors:   ARISE Consortium
Published: February 2024

This article critically reviews the literature on urban informality, inequity, health, well-being and accountability to identify key conceptual, methodological and empirical gaps in academic and policy discourses. We argue that critical attention to power dynamics is often a key missing element in these discourses and make the case for explicit attention to the operation of power throughout conceptualization, design and conduct of research in this space. We argue that: (a) urban informality reflects the exercise of power to confer and withhold advantage; (b) the dominant biomedical model of health poorly links embodied experiences and structural contexts; (c) existing models of accountability are inadequate in unequal, pluralistic governance and provision environments. We trace four conceptual and empirical directions for transformative approaches to power relations in urban health equity research.
Pluriversal scenographics and staging world feelings: climate crisis in SUPERFLEX’s ‘It Is Not The End Of The World’
Authors: Hann Rachel
Published: February 2024

This article investigates the role of scenographics in staging climate crisis cultures. The art collective SUPERFLEX’s installation It Is Not The End Of The World (Copenhagen 2019) explored human-world relations through techniques of set design, lighting, sound and costume. Central to this was a detailed 1-to-1 scale replica of the UN Building toilets re-imagined as an archaeology of a future without humans. While described as an ‘installation’, It Is Not. . . is adopted as a case study that exemplifies the role of scenographics in irritating a sense of place and is argued as affording insight into the assemblages of place, world and atmosphere. Drawing upon Global South philosopher Arturo Escobar’s ‘pluriversal design’, I offer an argument for scenographics as a methodology when investigating world feelings in an era of climate crisis. ‘Pluriversal scenographics’ is proposed as a critical framework for the staging of nondualistic, relational and more-than-human ‘possible reals’. Pluriversal concepts are proposed as a model for renewing the political purpose of scenographic practice as a methodology for investigating world feelings. I conclude with a call for a renewed political task of scenography and the value of this perspective for theatre makers, arts professionals and cultural geographers.