bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presença do sagrado em um momento crítico: internação em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Batista Miranildes de Abreu
Published: March 2009

Tem-se como propósito compreender o significado dado, pelo paciente, ao objeto sagrado em um momento de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Destaca-se formas de expressão do sagrado em um instante crítico no qual o homem em estado de fragilidade físico-emocional, busca respostas transcendentais frente a angústia da doença e do morrer. O sagrado é uma artimanha da religião por meio da qual o homem tende a se refugiar do caos instalado. A presença do objeto sagrado, junto ao paciente, representa um acontecimento de imensurável significado cultural, revelando-se em um vínculo supra-natural do qual exala esperança, segurança, amparo, conforto e, até mesmo, companhia.
Implantação de sistema de videoconferência aplicado a ambientes de pesquisa e de ensino de enfermagem
Authors: Seixas Carlos Alberto , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa , Godoy Simone de , Costa André Lucirton
Published: March 2009

Descreve o caminho percorrido por um grupo de pesquisadores da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP para implantação de um projeto de pesquisa/ensino/educação permanente baseado em tecnologia de videoconferência. Apresenta as características técnicas dos sistemas disponíveis no mercado e a descrição da solução tecnológica adotada no projeto, com vistas a atender as necessidades para o ambiente acadêmico e de investigação bem como no ambiente hospitalar.
Morfologia e classificação taxonômica de neossolos e saprolitos derivados de rochas vulcânicas da Formação Serra Geral no Rio Grande no Sul
Authors: Pedron Fabrício de Araújo , Azevedo Antonio Carlos de , Dalmolin Ricardo Simão Diniz , Stürmer Sidinei Leandro Klockner , Menezes Fábio Pacheco
Published: March 2009

Os Neossolos Litólicos e Neossolos Regolíticos são solos pouco estudados no Brasil devido ao seu baixo potencial relativo de uso. Esse fato se reflete em dificuldades na execução da sua descrição morfológica no campo, principalmente no que se refere aos contatos entre solo, saprolito e rocha, e na sua classificação no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Nesse sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: contribuir na definição morfológica dos contatos entre solo, saprolito e rocha dessas classes de solos no campo; gerar dados sobre a camada saprolítica e testar a sua inclusão na subordem dos Neossolos Litólicos e Neossolos Regolíticos; e avaliar os atributos diagnósticos e classes disponíveis no sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos para a classificação dos Neossolos Litólicos e Regolíticos derivados de rochas vulcânicas da Formação Serra Geral no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados cinco perfis dispostos em uma litoclimossequência. Os contatos foram identificados pelo uso do teste de escavação com a pá reta, associado à análise do fraturamento do saprolito e às classes de intemperismo propostas neste trabalho. Os contatos referentes à presença de camada saprolítica encontrados nos perfis não são contemplados no sistema brasileiro. Foram propostos atributos diagnósticos para a classificação dos Neossolos Regolíticos, sugerindo-se a troca do termo "Regolítico" por "Saprolítico". Também foram sugeridas novas classes para o terceiro nível categórico, considerando informações como posição do contato saprolítico, resistência à escavação e grau de fraturamento do material. Os atributos diagnósticos e as classes propostas permitiram uma classificação mais adequada dos Neossolos derivados de rochas vulcânicas, no Rio Grande do Sul.
Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro-comum com grãos tipo carioca na Região Central do Brasil
Authors: Pereira Helton Santos , Melo Leonardo Cunha , Faria Luís Cláudio de , Del Peloso Maria José , Costa Joaquim Geraldo Cáprio da , Rava Carlos Agustín , Wendland Adriane
Published: March 2009

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar genótipos de feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) tipo carioca, com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade de produção, na Região Central do Brasil, pelo uso de diferentes métodos. Foram conduzidos 45 ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso, com 16 genótipos, em blocos completos ao acaso, com três repetições, nos estados de Goiás, Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Tocantins, nos anos de 2003 e 2004. Os dados de produtividade de grãos foram submetidos a análises de variância e de estabilidade e adaptabilidade pelos métodos de Lin & Binns, Annichiarico, Eberhart & Russell, Cruz et al., e AMMI (modelo de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa). O método de Lin & Binns, modificado por Carneiro (trapézio quadrático ponderado pelo coeficiente de variação), e o de Annichiarico mostraram-se muito úteis ao programa de melhoramento genético, pois reúnem características como: simplicidade de utilização; separação dos ambientes em favoráveis e desfavoráveis; e identificação dos genótipos mais estáveis, entre os mais produtivos. A cultivar de feijão carioca BRS Estilo reúne alta adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos na Região Central do Brasil. A cultivar Pérola, amplamente utilizada no País, também apresenta boa estabilidade e adaptabilidade.
Qualidade física do solo sob sistemas de preparo e cobertura morta em pomar de laranja
Authors: Fidalski Jonez , Barbosa Graziela Moraes de Cesare , Auler Pedro Antonio Martins , Pavan Marcos Antonio , Beraldo José Marcos Garrido
Published: March 2009

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de preparo do solo e de cobertura morta sobre a qualidade física de um Latossolo, em um pomar de laranja 'Pêra'. O experimento foi instalado em Paranavaí, PR, em área com Brachiaria brizantha. O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subsubdivididas, com 12 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Nas parcelas foram estudados os sistemas plantio direto, preparo em faixas e preparo convencional; nas subparcelas, os manejos com e sem cobertura morta, na linha das plantas de laranjeira 'Pêra'; e nas subsubparcelas, os porta-enxertos Citrus limonia Osb. e Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas linhas das plantas, sob o rodado e no entrerrodado do trator, para quantificação de densidade, macroporosidade e microporosidade. O plantio direto de laranja em pastagem manteve a qualidade física do solo nas linhas das plantas, no entrerrodado e sob o rodado. O preparo convencional comprometeu a qualidade física do solo sob o rodado. A qualidade física do solo foi favorecida pelo menor revolvimento do solo, resultante do plantio direto ou do preparo em faixas, e pelo manejo da cobertura morta nas linhas das plantas, após o plantio das laranjeiras.
Gastric ulcers in pigs affected with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
Authors: Corrêa André Mendes Ribeiro , Zlotowsk Priscila , Barcellos David Emilio Santos Neves de , Cruz Cláudio Estêvão Farias da , Driemeier David
Published: March 2009

Samples of gastric lymph nodes and the stomachs from 24 pigs selected from herds affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and sudden death associated with gastric ulcers were studied. Pigs were selected on the basis of unthriftiness, decreased feed intake, and wasting. The stomachs were opened, inverted, and classified into 0-3 score according the severity of the gross lesions present in pars oesophagica (non-glandulargastric mucosa). Selected samples were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry using anti-PCV2 (porcine circovírus type 2) antibody, anti-Helicobacter pylori antibody and a wide-spectrum anti-cytokeratin antibody was performed. Gross changes in pars oesophagea were classified according to the severity of lesions as score 3, 2, and 1 in 8, 6, 5 stomachs respectivelly. Microscopically, hyperplastic lymphoid follicles, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates and focci of necrosis in the gastric mucosa were common findings. Large amounts of PCV2 antigen were observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei from intralesional cells and debris from the gastric glandular mucosal zone; however, in the fundus, anti-PCV2 immunostaining was restricted to the surface mucosal cells and foveolar compartment. All gastric lymph nodes were positive for PCV2 antigen. Anti-H. pylori immunostaining was seen in eleven cases, mainly in the antrum, on the mucosal surface and foveolar compartment. The association of the anti-PCV2 immunostaining with the glandular mucus-producing cells suggests a role for PCV2 as an additional factor for the swine ulcer development.
Achados clínico patológicos durante um surto de disenteria de inverno em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Pavarini Saulo Petinatti , Bezerra Junior Pedro Soares , Santos Adriana da Silva , Pescador Caroline Argenta , Brandão Paulo Eduardo , Souza Sibele Pinheiro de , Driemeier David
Published: March 2009

Descreve-se um surto de disenteria de inverno que afetou 10 vacas leiteiras de uma propriedade localizada em Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se por uma diarréia inicialmente líquida esverdeada com estrias de sangue e muco, evoluindo, em alguns animais, para uma diarréia de coloração marrom escura à sanguinolenta, que persistiu, em média, cinco dias. Drástica diminuição na produção de leite e no consumo de alimentos, além de graus variados de depressão também foram observados. Apenas um dos 10 animais afetados morreu. Durante a necropsia, observaram-se mucosas pálidas, conteúdo sanguinolento com presença de grande quantidade de coágulos, principalmente no cólon espiral e petéquias na mucosa do cólon. Os principais achados histológicos foram encontradas no cólon espiral, onde havia criptas dilatadas, sem epitélio de revestimento ou revestidas por epitélio pavimentoso e/ou cuboidal, por vezes com núcleos grandes e nucléolos proeminentes. Algumas criptas eram preenchidas por debris necróticos e polimorfonucleares. Na imuno-histoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal para coronavírus bovino (8F2) em cortes do cólon espiral, havia marcações positivas no citoplasma de enterócitos das criptas, nos debris necróticos destas e em macrófagos na lâmina própria.
Microrganismos patogênicos, celularidade e resíduos de antimicrobianos no leite bovino produzido no sistema orgânico
Authors: Ribeiro Márcio Garcia , Geraldo Juliana Santos , Langoni Hélio , Lara Gustavo Henrique Batista , Siqueira Amanda Keller , Salerno Tatiana , Fernandes Marta Catarina
Published: March 2009

Nos últimos anos cresce a preocupação dos consumidores quanto à qualidade do leite e às condições de produção e bem-estar dos animais. Simultaneamente, aumenta o interesse e o consumo de produtos e subprodutos de origem animal produzidos no sistema orgânico, com destaque para o leite e derivados. O presente estudo investigou a presença de microrganismos patogênicos, a sensibilidade e a multi-resistência dos isolados aos antimicrobianos, a celularidade e a presença de resíduos de drogas no leite de vacas, com e sem mastite, produzido no sistema orgânico. Foram amostradas 148 vacas no período médio de lactação, das quais duas com mastite clínica, 72 com mastite subclínica e 74 sem mastite (controles), provenientes de quatro pequenas propriedades do interior do Estado de São Paulo, certificadas como orgânicas. Staphylococcusaureus (25,7%), Streptococcus spp. (21,4%), Corynebacterium bovis (12,9%), Streptococcus agalactiae (4,3%) e Staphylococcus spp. (4,3%) foram os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados nos animais com mastite. Aspergillus spp. foi isolado de um animal. Ceftiofur (95,2%), oxacilina (84,2%), gentamicina (76,3%) e cefoperazona (70,3%) foram os antimicrobianos mais efetivos frente aos isolados. As maiores taxas de resistência das linhagens foram constatadas para penicilina (53,5%), ampicilina (41,6%) e neomicina (38,6%). Multi-resistência a três ou mais fármacos foi encontrada em 40 (39,6%) linhagens. A média da contagem de células somáticas das propriedades para animais com mastite foi 175.742,67 céls/mL, enquanto que para os animais controles foi 58.227,6 céls/mL. A presença de resíduos de antimicrobianos foi observada no leite de quatro (2,7%) animais. Os resultados revelaram baixa celularidade média nos animais, indicativo de boa qualidade do leite. Entretanto, apontam para a necessidade da adoção de medidas de controle para microrganismos contagiosos e maior rigor na proibição do uso de antimicrobianos em fazendas de leite orgânico.
Possíveis intervenções do Psicólogo Educacional: o grupo como espaço de mudanças educativas
Authors: Andrada Edla Grisard Caldeira de
Published: March 2009

O trabalho foi uma intervenção em Psicologia Educacional junto a uma professora e 21 crianças em uma instituição de Educação Infantil. O grupo investigado não era considerado como pertencente à instituição e a professora não sabia o que fazer com ele. Partindo do pressuposto da psicologia histórico-cultural, o objetivo era modificar a compreensão da professora em relação ao seu papel de mediadora, para que pudesse dar novos significados às relações ali entabuladas, visando à aprendizagem e ao desenvolvimento. A intervenção foi feita na sala com as crianças e a professora, durante 12 encontros elaborados em cooperação com a professora, objetivando a criação de Zonas de Desenvolvimento Proximal como procedimento da intervenção. Ao final dos encontros, foi possível perceber modificações nas interações professora-crianças, pois passaram a ocupar diferentes lugares na sala, atuavam em diferentes papéis e, portanto foram estabelecidos, novos significados para as interações.
A imagem que professoras de escola regular têm em relação à aprendizagem do aluno surdo
Authors: Silva Angélica Bronzatto de Paiva e , Pereira Maria Cristina da Cunha
Published: March 2009

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a imagem que professoras da escola regular têm em relação à aprendizagem do aluno surdo. Para isto foram realizadas entrevistas com 7 professoras do ensino fundamental (1ª a 4ª série) que têm em sua classe aluno surdo, o qual freqüenta concomitantemente o Cepre - Unicamp, onde é atendido por profissionais especializados em surdez. Além das entrevistas, foram realizadas observações da interação professora - aluno surdo na sala de aula. Com base em uma abordagem qualitativa, procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática e categorial, dando-se ênfase à categoria "aprendizagem". A análise de dados evidenciou que, apesar de as professoras afirmarem que o aluno surdo não apresenta problemas de aprendizagem, depreende-se, de suas falas, uma visão de limitação do aluno e uma expectativa baixa em relação à aprendizagem do aluno surdo.
Narciso: polimorfismo das versões e das interpretações psicanalíticas do mito
Authors: Ubinha Paulo de Tarso , Cassorla Roosevelt Moíses Smeke
Published: March 2009

Apresentamos neste trabalho diferentes versões do mito de Narciso, cada qual com diversificadas variações de detalhes, implicando diferentes possibilidades de interpretações psicanalíticas. Este polimorfismo das formas de relato do mito e de suas múltiplas compreensões parece refletir a própria indiferenciação dos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento da mente humana e da complexidade que seu estudo oferece. Trata-se de uma questão em aberto e que assim deixamos permanecer, para favorecer novas reflexões para fazer progredir o estudo deste conceito básico, mas controvertido, da teoria psicanalítica.
Resistência de variedades comerciais de cana-de-açúcar ao agente causal do raquitismo-da-soqueira
Authors: Gagliardi Paulo Roberto , Camargo Luis Eduardo Aranha
Published: March 2009

O raquitismo-da-soqueira (RSD), causado pela bactéria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, é uma das mais importantes doenças da cana-de-açúcar nas regiões produtoras do mundo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o grau de resistência de 10 variedades comerciais RB de cana-de-açúcar mais a variedade CB 49-260, a qual foi incluída como padrão suscetível. O trabalho visou avaliar os danos amostrados em campo pelo peso das parcelas em função da relação entre a produtividade de parcelas inoculadas e não inoculadas artificialmente com a bactéria. Os resultados mostraram que as variedades RB 72 454, RB 83 5486, RB 86 7515, RB 92 5211, RB 92 5268, RB 92 5345, RB 92 8064 e a variedade padrão CB 49-260 comportaram-se como variedades suscetíveis. A variedade RB 85 5156 comportou-se como de resistência intermediária e apenas as variedades RB 85 5453 e RB 85 5536 comportaram-se como tolerantes.
Os desafios da eqüidade: reestruturação e desigualdades de gênero e raça no Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Nadya Araújo
Published: March 2009

O texto documenta a existência de padrões distintos de desigualdades nos rendimentos auferidos no trabalho entre grupos de sexo e cor, no Brasil, analisando dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios para os anos de 1989 e 1999. Argumenta em favor da importância dos demarcadores inscritos no corpo como elementos explicativos importantes, embora não exclusivos, das desigualdades salariais documentadas, procura isolar prováveis indícios de discriminação racial e/ou de gênero, controlando estatisticamente o efeito de outros possíveis determinantes das desigualdades nos rendimentos. Finalmente, reflete sobre os elos entre desigualdade, discriminação e intolerância nos ambientes de trabalho no Brasil.
Avaliação semiquantitativa ecocardiográfica de dilatações vasculares intrapulmonares em candidatos a transplante hepático: correlação com avaliação de shunt e parâmetros funcionais pulmonares
Authors: Ferreira Maria Angélica Pires , Barreto Sérgio Saldanha Menna , Knorst Marli Maria , Silva Mario Reis Álvares da , Pinotti Antonio Furlan
Published: March 2009

OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre a avaliação semiquantitativa de dilatações vasculares intrapulmonares (DVIP) e a avaliação quantitativa de shunt, e descrever achados clínicos e funcionais pulmonares em uma amostra de hepatopatas com DVIP. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com ecocardiografia transtorácica (ETT) positiva para DVIP foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e de função pulmonar assim como à quantificação de shunt intrapulmonar (cintilografia com macroagregados de albumina marcados com tecnécio-99m e por gasometria com oxigênio a 100%). RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 28 pacientes cirróticos (média de idade, 47,5 anos; 60,7% dos casos classificados como Child-Pugh B). Uma escala de 4 pontos, em ordem ascendente, foi utilizada para medir a intensidade das DVIP, classificada de 1 a 4, respectivamente, em 13 (46,4%), 9 (32,1%), 2 (7,1%) e 4 (14,3%) dos pacientes. A amostra foi dividida em grupo baixa intensidade (escores 1 e 2) e grupo alta intensidade (escores 3 e 4). A média de shunt por cintilografia foi 14,9% na amostra total, sendo menor no grupo baixa intensidade (11,7% vs. 26,3%; p = 0,01). O grupo alta intensidade teve maiores valores de shunt através de gasometria (8,3% vs. 16,3%; p < 0.001). A PaO2 média foi inferior no grupo alta intensidade. A intensidade de DVIP e a DLCO correlacionaram-se de forma inversa (r = -0,406, p = 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: A ETT é um método útil e seguro para avaliação da gravidade das DVIP em pacientes com hepatopatia. A classificação ecocardiográfica da intensidade das DVIP se correlacionou com valores de shunt intrapulmonar obtidos pelos métodos quantitativos avaliados, bem como com anormalidades nas trocas gasosas pulmonares.
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in an adult patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mohan Kamlesh , Ledson Martin James , Walshaw Martin John , Marchiori Edson
Published: March 2009

Pneumothorax is a common complication in cystic fibrosis and is associated with worsening of lung function. However, bilateral simultaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis is a rare condition. We describe the case of a 17-year-old female with cystic fibrosis who presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. Clinically, she presented right-sided chest pain and progressive breathlessness. The pneumothorax failed to resolve after the initial treatment (chest drainage). However, the patient was later successfully treated with additional chest drainage and talc pleurodesis. We also discuss the etiology and management of pneumothorax in patients with cystic fibrosis, since pneumothorax is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among such patients.
Magnetizing Switching Inrush: Estimation and a Novel Circuitry for Inrush Elimination
Authors: Das Sharmili , Prasad Dinkar , Bhattacharya Tapas Kumar , SenGupta S.
Published: March 2009

A power transformer, when energized at no-load, may have transient currents up to 100 times that of the steady state magnetizing current. This inrush current has several detrimental effects on power quality and may damage sensitive equipment connected to the system. In this paper, a power electronic based control circuit is developed, which estimates the last remnant and, utilizing this data, it controls the next re-energization instant to achieve inrush free switching. An equivalent circuit model of a transformer is also presented to simulate the transient dynamic performance of a transformer for any arbitrary switching operation.
Population of Rh123dim human keratinocytes form holoclones
Authors: Drukala Justyna , Majka Marcin , Kwarciak Agnieszka , Puchala Jacek , Ratajczak Mariusz
Published: March 2009

The aim of our studies was to develop an efficient strategy to isolate human early epidermal progenitors for experimental and potential clinical purposes. We employed fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate cells that poorly accumulate metabolic Rhodamin123 (Rh123) dye. We noticed that similarly to a population of β1-integrin bright (β1bright) cells, a population of Rh123 dull (Rh123dim) cells is highly enriched for cells growing holoclones, colonies composed of the most primitive keratinocytes. Furthermore, Rh123dim cells express several morphological features of primitive undifferentiated cells and are also highly motile. We postulate that these cells could become an important source of epidermal progenitors to expand keratinocytes for clinical purposes.
The Middle Eocene flora of Csordakút (N Hungary)
Authors: Erdei Boglárka , Rákosi László
Published: March 2009

The Middle Eocene flora of Csordakút (N Hungary)

The Middle Eocene fossil plant assemblage from Csordakút (N Hungary) comprises plant remains preserved exclusively as impressions. Algae are represented by abundant remains of Characeae, including both vegetative fragments and gyrogonites. Remains of angiosperms comprise Lauraceae (Daphnogenesp.), Fagaceae (cf.Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis), Ulmaceae (Cedrelospermumdiv. sp.), Myricaceae (Myricasp.,Comptoniadiv. sp.), Leguminosae (leaves and fruit), Rhamnaceae (?Zizyphus zizyphoides), Elaeocarpaceae (Sloanea nimrodi, Sloaneasp. fruit), Smilacaceae (Smilaxdiv. sp.). The absence of gymnosperms is indicative of a floristic similarity to the coeval floras of Tatabánya (N Hungary) and Girbou in Romania.Sloanea nimrodi(Ettingshausen) Kvaček & Hably, a new element for the Hungarian fossil record indicates a floristic relation to the Late Eocene flora of Kučlin (Bohemia).
Oxidative Coupling Reactions with Gold
Authors: Wegner Hermann A.
Published: March 2009

Oxidative coupling reactions are a very powerful tool for the construction of e.g. biaryl compounds, especially because typically no functionalization of the coupling partners is necessary. The use of Au for this transformation is particularly attractive since usually no special
precautions to exclude moisture or air are necessary. Furthermore, the combination of oxidative coupling reactions with other Au-catalyzed reactions enables the rapid and efficient construction of molecular complexity, e.g. the constructions of dicoumarins via a domino cyclization
oxidative coupling reaction.
Molecules and Ions at Very Low Temperatures
Authors: Willitsch Stefan
Published: March 2009

The generation and study of 'cold' gas-phase molecules characterised by very low translational temperatures Ttrans ? 1 K is an upcoming field of research in physical chemistry which has received considerable attention over the past years. A particular interesting
form of cold molecules are ensembles of cold localised cations in ion traps which form ordered structures known as 'Coulomb crystals'. The present article reviews the experimental methods used for the generation of atomic and molecular Coulomb crystals and highlights recent experiments which
take advantage of their intriguing properties in order to study chemical reactions at very low temperatures with single-particle sensitivity.
Olten Meeting – A Contact Forum for Biotech - November 19, 2008
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: March 2009

The annual Olten Meeting organized by biotechnet switzerland and the Swiss Biotech Association is a place for biotech specialists from the universities and Empa to meet up with people from the private sector to network and initiate joint projects. A look at the presentations given at
the event on 19 November 2008.
Biomaterial Studies on AISI 316L Stainless Steel after Magnetoelectropolishing
Authors: Hryniewicz Tadeusz , Rokosz Krzysztof , Filippi Massimiliano
Published: March 2009

The polarisation characteristics of the electropolishing process in a magnetic field (MEP – magnetoelectropolishing), in comparison with those obtained under standard/conventional process (EP) conditions, have been obtained. The occurrence of an EP plateau has been observed in view of the optimization of MEP process. Up-to-date stainless steel surface studies always indicated some amount of free-metal atoms apart from the detected oxides and hydroxides. Such a morphology of the surface film usually affects the thermodynamic stability and corrosion resistance of surface oxide layer and is one of the most important features of stainless steels. With this new MEP process we can improve metal surface properties by making the stainless steel more resistant to halides encountered in a variety of environments. Furthermore, in this paper the stainless steel surface film study results have been presented. The results of the corrosion research carried out by the authors on the behaviour of the most commonly used material - medical grade AISI 316L stainless steel both in Ringer’s body fluid and in aqueous 3% NaCl solution have been investigated and presented earlier elsewhere, though some of these results, concerning the EIS Nyquist plots and polarization curves are also revealed herein. In this paper an attempt to explain this peculiar performance of 316L stainless steel has been undertaken. The SEM studies, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed on 316L samples after three treatments: MP – abrasive polishing (800 grit size), EP – conventional electrolytic polishing, and MEP – magnetoelectropolishing. It has been found that the proposed magnetoelectropolishing (MEP) process considerably modifies the morphology and the composition of the surface film, thus leading to improved corrosion resistance of the studied 316L SS.
Sustainability: A Platform for Debate
Authors: Tovey Hilary
Published: March 2009

Sustainability, as a new platform for debating sustainable development, drawing on a range of disciplinary perspectives and knowledges, provides an opportunity to ask some searching questions about this concept. This short paper seeks to remind ourselves of some of the questions we might ask (recognizing that there are also many others). It asks, in particular, about the organisation of work in contemporary societies and the sorts of relations to nature to which this gives rise; the sorts of knowledges which may help us to become more sustainable in our use of natural resources; the most useful modes of knowledge organization, transfer and dissemination for sustainability; and whether ‘sustainability’ is only or primarily about sustaining nature, or whether it must also include trying to create and sustain a certain kind of society.
Helping Faculty Enhance Scholarship
Authors: Hawranik Pamela , Thorpe Karran M.
Published: March 2009

Nurse educators face a myriad of challenges (e.g., changing student populations, increased demand for the use of technology, faculty shortages, and facilitating the development of self-confidence and competence in students) as they endeavor to enhance scholarship and quality in nursing education. Scholarship encompasses four separate but integrated elements (i.e., discovery, integration, application, and teaching) that need to be instilled in nursing students to prepare them for diverse roles in the profession of nursing. implications for nurse educators relate to creating curricula that support scholarship, technological and interprofessional opportunities, and strategies for socializing students into scholarship.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(4):155–163.
Becoming and Being a Preceptor: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Smedley Alison M.
Published: March 2009

Preceptorship is a valuable component of nursing courses today and is seen as vital to the professional preparation of student nurses. Preceptors facilitate the development of knowledge, clinical skills, and professional attitudes in nursing through guidance, supervision, role modeling, and personal development of the student. They also help to orient and socialize the student to the real nursing workplace environment. Being a preceptor in nursing has been identified as time-consuming and requiring clinical teaching skills that many registered nurses (RNs) perceive they do not possess. This article outlines how a small group of RNs from one selected workplace developed their preceptor abilities through undertaking the preceptor program run by Avondale College to prepare them for this important role.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(4):185–191.
An International Comparative Study of Professional Development in Research
Authors: Yuan Changrong , Wang Zhihong , Chen Guoliang , Liu Lin , Liu Xiaorong
Published: March 2009

In 2005, a group of researchers in China decided to compare the development of research in China with that of other countries. This article describes the process the authors used and the prevalent topics for trends and developments. Further ideas for their own professional development in research are defined.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(9):427–431.
On Being a Novice
Authors: DeSilets Lynore D. , Dickerson Pamela S. , Lyons Margaret G.
Published: March 2009

Lessons learned while being oriented as a program coordinator and nurse planner for a newly created position in an American Nurses Credentialing Center-accredited provider unit are shared. Personal reflection and useful strategies are discussed.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(11):486–487.
Training Nurses to Be Teachers
Authors: Burkhart Joyce A.
Published: March 2009

This article presents a research analysis using surveys administered to hospitalized patients who underwent a hysterectomy. Two categories of results are highlighted using the same survey tool. The initial survey was administered to assess patient satisfaction with discharge education. The follow-up survey was administered to the second group of participants following a training program created to assist the nurses in developing teaching tools and skills. That patient outcomes can be improved through nurses' enhanced teaching skills is borne out through these data.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(11):503–510.
Evolution of Accreditation in Continuing Nursing Education in America
Authors: Whitehead Tanya D. , Lacey-Haun Lora
Published: March 2009

There is widespread agreement that nurses must acquire and maintain the specialized knowledge needed to provide highly skilled care and to demonstrate their competence to the public, their employers, their profession, and patients on an ongoing basis throughout their work lives. Nurses report that continuing nursing education is the third most vital component of nursing skill building. Nurses from states that mandate continuing nursing education, as well as those from states that do not, rank continuing nursing education just after their workplace experience and their basic nursing education in importance. A wide range of organizations create and disseminate continuing nursing education to nurses in states with and without mandated continuing nursing education requirements. Although there is no governmental standard for the field, nursing monitors education across work-life stages. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing monitors nursing licensure and continuing nursing education. The credentialing arm of the American Nurses Association, the American Nurses Credentialing Center, acting in synch with national organizations that call for accreditation standards in the health care professions, provides review and accreditation of providers and approvers of continuing nursing education on a national basis and is, itself, internationally certified by International Standards for a Sustainable World.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(11):493–499.
Developing Your Career as a Nurse Educator: The Professional Portfolio
Authors: Billings Diane M. , Kowalski Karren
Published: March 2009

This column describes the elements of a professional portfolio and offers “tips” for compiling and presenting the information.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(12):532–533.
Benefits of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Programming in a Treatment Mall
Authors: Ballard Frankie A
Published: March 2009

Psychiatric patients need educational interventions that help them recover and increase their ability to live and work independently following discharge from the hospital. The psychosocial rehabilitation treatment mall model is designed to meet this educational need. Treatment malls are a new approach to psychosocial rehabilitation for patients in state psychiatric hospitals. Treatment malls provide psychoeducation and skill-building activities in a centralized, school-like setting for participants from all patient care units. It differs from traditional strategies that use decentralized one-on-one or unit-based models. Treatment malls provide a self-directed learning experience that meets the person-centered needs of participants. Evidence is increasing that this psychosocial educational model can provide lasting benefits for psychiatric patients, including symptom management, reduced psychiatric hospital readmission rates, and improved quality of life.
Do Teenage Mothers Experience Childbirth as Traumatic?
Authors: Anderson Cheryl , McGuinness Teena M.
Published: March 2009

Although several hundred thousand teenagers give birth each year in the United States, little is known about their psychological experience of childbirth, especially with respect to its traumatic impact. This article highlights the findings of a pilot study of 28 teenage mothers who reported on their traumatic and depressive symptoms related to childbirth. Literature on adolescent childbearing, posttraumatic stress, and postpartum depression is also reviewed.
Perceptions of Survivors of Loss by Homicide: Opportunities for Nursing Practice
Authors: Baliko Beverly , Tuck Inez
Published: March 2009

Ten adult family members of homicide victims were recruited to participate in interviews describing their experiences related to the loss of their loved ones. A phenomenological approach was used to guide data collection and analysis, resulting in the identification of four major themes. Participants described intense emotional responses and grief complicated by the suddenness, violence, and intentionality of the homicide; engagement in activities that both buffered the emotional effects of the loss and helped them purposefully integrate it into their lives; the strengthening and dissolution of relationships; and a transformative, perpetually evolving post-homicide experience that was viewed as “healing” and that was influenced by many factors. Implications of these findings for research and nursing practice are discussed.
Understanding the Placebo Effect: Part 2: Underlying Psychological & Neurobiological Processes
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: March 2009

Placebo and nocebo effects are interesting and complex phenomena. In this article, I discuss some findings about the psychological and neurobiological processes that may underlie these effects on the basis of studies of pain, Parkinson's disease, and depression. From a psychological perspective, expectancy and conditioning theories have been used to explain placebo and nocebo effects. These psychological processes may be translated into physiological effects through overlapping brain circuits that are important for cognitive information processing, analgesia, and reward expectations. These brain circuits may represent a fundamentally important common underlying pathway that mediates placebo and nocebo effects in many conditions. Understanding these effects is important for designing clinical treatment studies and interpreting their results and is highly relevant for clinical practices.
Siblings of Individuals with First-Episode Psychosis: Understanding Their Experiences and Needs
Authors: Sin Jacqueline , Moone Nicki , Harris Paul
Published: March 2009

The growth of early intervention in psychosis services (EIPS) has prompted needed research to provide a robust evidence base to underpin practice. The typical service model embraces key psychosocial interventions, including family interventions. A literature review revealed a number of relevant studies that recognized the role of siblings in families affected by severe mental illness or mental impairment, but little was found about the impact of first-episode psychosis on siblings. To address this apparent oversight, we conducted a study to gain an understanding of sibling experiences. Ten siblings (ages 16 to 30) with a brother or sister diagnosed with first-episode psychosis took part in individual semi-structured interviews. The key findings were grouped in regard to emotional impact, relationships in the family, and siblings' roles and coping patterns. The study also revealed that families are able to identify positive gains out of a fundamentally negative experience.
Psychosocial Interventions Used to Treat Children with ADHD: Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Evans Steven W. , Schultz Brandon K. , Sadler Joanna M.
Published: March 2009

Although stimulant therapy is the most common treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, it is not always effective in reducing behavioral symptoms. As a result, research on psychosocial interventions has progressed in recent years. This article provides a synopsis of psychosocial interventions for childhood ADHD, with an emphasis on basic behavior management principles, evidence-based interventions, and safety issues. Developmental issues that distinguish psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents are highlighted, and practical recommendations for collaborating with mental health professionals are provided.
Continuum Analyses for Intersonic and Supersonic Fracture
Authors: Yang W. , Guo Gang Feng
Published: March 2009

The issues of intersonic and supersonic fracture become the frontier of dynamic fracture mechanics. We describe in this paper the recent progresses in obtaining the analytical continuum solution for the initial-boundary valued problem of intersonic fracture under mode II loading, and construct an plausible analytical solution for mode III supersonic fracture.
3D-FEM Simulation for EAC Crack Growth Evaluation and its Implication to Specimen Size Effects on Crack Growth Behavior
Authors: Watanabe K. , Yamamoto T. , Shoji Tetsuo
Published: March 2009

The primary objective of this study is to develop a quantitative model to predict the effects of
materials, environment and mechanics such as loading configuration on environmentally-assisted
cracking (EAC) of stainless steels in high-temperature water.
It has basically been accepted that crack propagation in oxygenated high temperature water is
controlled by a slip-dissolution and/or deformation-oxidation mechanism. According to this
mechanism, the crack-tip strain rate is an extremely important mechanical parameter for
determining the crack growth rates. Based upon a formulation obtained by combining Faraday’s
equation with an elastic plastic analysis of the strain singularity at a growing crack-tip in work
hardening materials, a theoretical formulation of crack-tip strain rate has been derived for plane
strain and plane stress conditions. The FEM analysis for 3D crack growth can be compared to the
theoretical 2D analysis.
In this paper, we first make a CCP (Center Crack Plane) model, and performed a
3-dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA) to evaluate the crack-tip stain rate paying
attention to the element mesh size and to the loading history. After optimization these parameters,
the calculated crack-tip strain distribution, including its logarithmic singularity, was founded to
agree well with the theoretical distribution. The significance of the crack-tip strain rate upon the
crack-tip strain distribution and crack growth rate was demonstrated. The specimen size effects on
crack growth rates were discussed from this point of crack-tip strain distribution.
Finally, we focused on the importance of crack-tip strain rate as a unique mechanical
parameter that controls the crack growth rate.
Fatigue Property and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Al2O3/A6061 MMCs at Room and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ochi Yasuo , Masaki Kiyotaka , Matsumura Takashi , Wadasako M.
Published: March 2009

The rotating bending fatigue tests in high cycle region were carried out on alumina short fiber reinforced aluminum alloy composites (MMCs) at room and elevated temperatures of 200, 350, 400 and 450°C. The four kind of MMCs with 0%, 10%, 18% and 25% volume fraction were prepared in order to investigate the effects of alumina short fiber volume fraction on the fatigue property such as the fatigue strength, the crack initiation and propagation behaviors. As results, it was found that the fatigue strength at 107 cycles decreased with increase in the test temperature, but increased with an increase in alumina short fiber volume fraction at room and elevated temperatures. The crack initiation sites were large size alumina short fibers; some kind of cluster of short fibers and large size alumina particles (i.e. shots). And the crack growth paths were related to the distribution of the short fibers.
Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 429EM Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Lee Keum Oh , Yoon Sam Son , Lee Soon Bok , Kim Bum Shin
Published: March 2009

In recent, ferritic stainless steels are widely used in high temperature structure because of their high resistance in thermal fatigue and low prices. Tensile and low cycle fatigue(LCF) tests on 429EM stainless steel were performed at several temperatures from room temperature to 600°C. Elastic modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) decreased with increasing temperature. Considerable cyclic hardening occurred at 200°C and 400°C. 475°C embrittlement observed could not explain this phenomenon but dynamic strain aging(DSA) observed from 200°C to 500°C could explain the hardening mechanism at 200°C and 400°C. And it was observed that plastic strain energy density(PSED) was useful to predict fatigue life when large cyclic hardening occurred. Fatigue life using PSED over elastic modulus could be well predicted within 2X scatter band at various temperatures.
Fatigue Crack Growth in Steels 42CrV and IR3Mo
Authors: Fang Qin Zhi
Published: March 2009

An automatic fatigue crack growth measurement system was developed, in which a special four-channel A-D acquisition board that could collect data in phase was used. The data collecting frequency is in the range of 4×(2~25600)Hz. The system is suitable for fatigue tests with the frequencies not higher than 250Hz. Eddy current transducers and standard load cell were used to measure displacement and load, respectively. The system can instantly calculate fatigue crack lengths, stress intensity factors and fatigue crack growth rates. As an application of the system, fatigue crack growth rates (FCG) and the thresholds of steels 42CrV and IR3Mo were presented.
A Study on Fretting Fatigue Behavior of Degraded 1Cr-0.5Mo Steel
Authors: Kwon Jae Do , Cho Sang Jin , Bae Yong Tak
Published: March 2009

The aged degradation of material is observed when heat-resisting steel is exposed for long periods of time at high temperatures. In the present study, the degraded 1Cr-0.5Mo steel that is used for long periods of time at high temperature(about 515°C) and artificially reheat-treated materials are prepared. These materials were used to study the effect of aged degradation on fretting fatigue behavior. Through this experiment, it is found that the fretting fatigue strength of reheat-treated 1Cr-0.5Mo steel is approximately 46 percent lower than that of the plain fatigue strength of the
same material. Furthermore, the fretting fatigue strength of degraded 1Cr-0.5Mo steel was less than 53 percent of the same material™s plain fatigue strength. The maximum value of fatigue strength difference is observed as 57 percent between the fretting fatigue of degraded material and plain fatigue of reheat-treated material. These results can be used as basic data in a structural integrity evaluation of heat-resisting steel considering aged degradation effects.
On Characteristics of Weibull Distribution Parameters of Fatigue Crack Growth Lives
Authors: Kim Seon Jin , Kim Young Suk , Kwon Sang Woo
Published: March 2009

This paper illustrates the characteristics of parameters for three-parameter Weibull probability distribution of fatigue crack growth lives under constant stress intensity factor control experiments. Applying the statistical properties of the previous experimental results, the fatigue crack curves were simulated by using the non-Gaussian random fields simulation method and analyzed for the different specimen thickness and stress intensity level to determine the probability distributions of
the fatigue crack growth life.
Fatigue Studies of FRP Composite Decks at Extreme Environmental Conditions
Authors: Kwon S.C. , Dutta P.K. , Kim Yun Hae , Eum Soo Hyun , Shin Dong Hyuk , Lopez-Anido R.
Published: March 2009

A summary of the experimental fatigue characterization of FRP composite bridge decks at two extreme temperatures [-30 ° C (-22 ° F) and 50 ° C (122 ° F)] is presented. Each deck was initially subjected to one million wheel load cycles at low temperature and another one million cycles at high temperature [1,2]. The results presented in this paper correspond to the fatigue response of each deck for four million load cycles at low temperature and another four million cycles at high
temperature. Thus, the each deck was subjected to a total of ten million cycles. Progressive degradation in stiffness with cycling was noted for each deck. Comparisons of responses were made between the different FRP composite deck configurations and materials.
Acoustic Emission Behavior during Fatigue Crack Propagation in 304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Oh Kwang Hwan , Jung C.K. , Yang Y.C. , Han Kyung Seop
Published: March 2009

This study investigated acoustic emission behavior during fatigue crack growth test under constant and variable amplitude loading in 304 stainless steel. To describe the acoustic emission behavior, counts rate(dη/dn) was related with stress intensity factor range (SIFR, ΔK) in log-log plot. As a result of test, the relationship was represented a curve, which forms rise and fall behavior in counts rate as the SIFR increases. AE response to a single overload was sudden drop and slow recovery in counts rate, which was similar to crack growth retardation behavior. Under block
loading, counts rate of each loading block was same as that of constant amplitude loading. Overall experimental results indicated that stress intensity factor controls the counts rate (dη/dn) as well as crack growth rate (da/dn) regardless of load range or crack length.