bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The "ize" have it - reflections on spelling and its rules
Authors: Wheatley Denys
Published: May 2021

A brief discussion is presented of the use of "ize" rather than "ise" in most current day journals. The need for editors and authors to be consistent in their spelling remains an issue.
L’école formelle constitue-t-elle la meilleure voie pour l’acquisition des compétences ? L’expérience du Cameroun
Authors: Bakehe Novice Patrick
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de tester l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’éducation formelle est la meilleure voie pour l’acquisition des compétences professionnelles. Pour cela, les rendements de l’enseignement secondaire formel sont comparés aux rendements de l’acquisition de compétences en dehors du système éducatif à partir des données de 2005 et de 2010 de l’Enquête sur l’Emploi et le Secteur Informel (EESI) au Cameroun. L’estimation des équations de Mincer met en évidence trois résultats importants. Premièrement, les rendements de l’éducation formelle sont plus importants que les rendements de l’éducation informelle. Deuxièmement, nous montrons que les rendements de l’éducation formelle diminuent entre 2005 et 2010 alors que ceux des compétences acquises en dehors du système éducatif formel augmentent. Enfin, les résultats montrent que les rendements de la formation formelle sont croissants au cours du cycle de vie alors que ceux de la formation sur le tas sont décroissants.
Les îles touristiques à la merci du changement climatique : une évaluation par un indice synthétique de vulnérabilité physique
Authors: Goujon Michaël , Hoarau Jean-François
Published: May 2021

L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer la vulnérabilité des petits territoires insulaires à spécialisation touristique face aux conséquences du changement climatique. Premièrement, ces espaces, indépendamment de la spécialisation retenue, sont structurellement exposés aux conséquences du changement climatique. Deuxièmement, le tourisme est une activité par nature très dépendante des conditions géo-climatiques. Aussi, la combinaison insularité/spécialisation touristique est susceptible d’engendrer une vulnérabilité au changement climatique exacerbée par rapport à d’autres territoires. Cependant, les conséquences physiques du changement climatique ne sont pas homogènes spatialement, ni entre les différentes régions du monde, ni au sein d’une même région. Elles sont largement tributaires des caractéristiques géographiques et climatiques initiales (indépendamment des aspects humains et économiques, ou du modèle de développement choisi). Pour analyser cette hétérogénéité, nous utilisons l’indicateur de vulnérabilité physique au changement climatique (IVPCC), un indicateur synthétique développé ces dernières années à la Ferdi, agrégeant les différentes dimensions de risques liés à ce phénomène, que nous appliquons à un échantillon élargi à 250 économies dont 100 petits espaces insulaires souverains ou affiliés. Nos résultats montrent que les petites économies insulaires à spécialisation touristique sont en fait significativement plus vulnérables physiquement au changement climatique comparées aux autres groupes, et présentent donc un modèle de développement dont la soutenabilité n’est pas garantie en l’absence de politiques d’atténuation et d’adaptation. Codes JEL : O11, O13, O53.
L’impact des situations de violence chez les éducateurs en Maison d’Enfants à Caractère Social : une souffrance indicible
Authors: Blanquet Brigitte , Menut Xavier
Published: May 2021

Directeur d’une Maison d’Enfants à Caractère Social (MECS), et psychologue clinicienne, les auteurs interrogent les impacts que des situations de violence vécues au quotidien, entre les adolescents accueillis et les professionnels, produisent chez les éducateurs travaillant en Maison d’enfants. A l’aide de l’éclairage conceptuel de la psychologie clinique d’orientation psychanalytique, et à travers un travail d’enquête auprès d’éducateurs œuvrant en Maison d’Enfants, les auteurs tentent de démêler les processus qui conduisent à des ratages relationnels répétés entre les adolescents et les professionnels. Cette recherche met en lumière les restes actifs de vécus traumatiques qui génèrent, chez les professionnels une souffrance indicible.
Approcher un objet politique non-identifié : Français et Italiens face aux premières élections royales de Pologne (1573-1576)
Authors: Latoch Ladislas
Published: May 2021

Cet article explore les réactions suscitées chez les observateurs français et italiens par les deux premières élections royales de Pologne et leur contexte incertain, afin de déterminer ce dont elles peuvent être révélatrices. Pour les témoins de passage et les chroniqueurs qui sont tributaires de leurs informations, les élections, mais surtout leurs issues relativement pacifiques, semblent révéler un espace de faible conflictualité politique et religieuse, et dont l’apparente solidité des liens civils surprend. Dans cet espace où les contraintes habituelles paraissent suspendues, certains imaginent alors de loger leurs projets politiques, dont l’élection, dans sa dimension internationale, autorise la formulation. La diversité de ces espoirs permet de prendre la mesure des disparités des aspirations politiques selon les milieux sociaux de ceux qui les expriment. Tous cependant voient leur caractère illusoire uniformément sanctionné par un brutal échec. Le point de vue moins externe des membres de la nonciature apostolique est sujet à des démentis moins massifs : l’étude des malentendus dont ils sont victimes, et de leur évolution, permet, quant à elle, de disposer d’un nouveau point de comparaison pour aborder la construction d’une culture politique originale en Pologne-Lituanie. Parce qu’elles donnent un aperçu des décalages dans les représentations politiques entre des sociétés européennes, aussi bien qu’en leur sein, l’étude des réactions occidentales devant un événement européen comme les premières élections royales de Pologne permet de mieux comprendre les élaborations idéologiques des sociétés source comme de la société cible.
« Existe-t-il un axe Paris-Madrid de la répression ? » Coopérations et rivalités nationales et internationales au sujet des exilés politiques français et espagnols (1959-1964)
Authors: Delaporte Victor
Published: May 2021

Cet article porte sur la coopération policière entre la France et l’Espagne de 1959 à 1964. Il montre comment celle-ci s’est fondée sur des transactions et des accords entre les services espagnols chargés de la surveillance des mouvements d’opposants politiques exilés en France et les services français chargés de celle de membres du FLN puis de l’OAS, dont certains avaient fait de l’Espagne une base arrière. Ces intérêts croisés conduisent à des échanges d’informations et des demandes de mesures répressives spécifiques (limitation de l’activité politique des opposants, expulsions) qui se mettent en place de 1959 à 1962 et se renforcent après 1962, tout en étant contestés. Si les échanges de renseignement au niveau des organismes de sécurité, centraux notamment, deviennent plus réguliers et importants, les mesures répressives sont souvent contournées ou peu appliquées, du fait des conflits internes à leur sujet au sein du monde administratif et politique, en Espagne comme en France.
La représentation, la rumeur et l’émeute : autour d’une pièce de théâtre dans la zone espagnole du protectorat marocain (Qṣar al-Kabīr, 1933)
Authors: Marynower Claire
Published: May 2021

Que s’est-il passé à Qṣar al-Kabīr le 28 juin 1933 ? Dans cette ville de la zone espagnole du protectorat marocain, une pièce de théâtre prévue par l’école hispano-israélite pour la fin de l’année scolaire donne lieu à des protestations de la part des notabilités musulmanes de la ville, et à une émeute populaire. Les différentes sources, archivistiques, périodiques et orales livrent des versions différentes de l’événement. Cet article cherche à en retracer les causes et le cours, en croisant les différentes sources disponibles et les entretiens. Il s’efforce aussi d’en saisir le sens et la portée en l’insérant dans une géographie plus large, considérant les circulations des rumeurs et des informations à l’intérieur du Maghreb, entre le Maroc et le Moyen-Orient, entre le Maroc et l’Europe. À la façon de la « micro-histoire globale », il croise cette histoire connectée avec une histoire sociale ancrée dans le local, ici dans les chronologies propres à la ville de Qṣar al-Kabīr et dans sa configuration sociale et politique particulière. L’émeute, fondée sur une accusation de blasphème, est analysée comme une forme de mobilisation nationaliste, contre les colonisateurs et contre une forme de vie sociale transcommunautaire.
Well-posedness and critical thresholds in a nonlocal Euler system with relaxation
Authors: Bhatnagar Manas , Liu Hailiang
Published: May 2021

We propose and study a nonlocal Euler system with relaxation, which tends to a strictly hyperbolic system under the hyperbolic scaling limit. An independent proof of the local existence and uniqueness of this system is presented in any spatial dimension. We further derive a precise critical threshold for this system in one dimensional setting. Our result reveals that such nonlocal system admits global smooth solutions for a large class of initial data. Thus, the nonlocal velocity regularizes the generic finite-time breakdown in the pressureless Euler system.
La transformación digital en los métodos y temas de la investigación brasileña de Información y Documentación 2010-2019
Authors: Paletta Francisco Carlos , Moreiro-González José-Antonio
Published: May 2021

A partir de la base de datos Social Sciences Citation Index de WoS se identifican los artículos científicos brasileños que atienden a temas y métodos relacionados con la transformación digital en Información y Documentación, en el intervalo 2010-2019. Con los títulos y palabras clave de los 1039 artículos recuperados se elaboran tablas dinámicas. Luego los títulos se categorizan por expertos, mientras que para las keywords se usa el modelo de n-grams con el filtro de Fruchterman-Reingold. Sus coocurrencias se visualizan en clústeres elaborados con el método Louvain de detección de comunidades. Los resultados se exponen en tablas y gráficos comentados sobre la internacionalización, coautoría e interdisciplinariedad de los artículos, junto a las técnicas de investigación seguidas en ellos. Se estudia la progresión temática de los que se refieren al ambiente y la transformación digital. Se evidencia una aportación numerosa y significativa de los autores brasileños al estudio de los efectos que los escenarios digitales causan en el sector de la información.
Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Online Distance Learning at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Eldokhny Amany Ahmed , Drwish Amr Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The current study seeks to investigate the effectiveness of augmented reality in online distance learning at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out in an instructional software authoring tools course for in-structional technology department students to develop academic achievement and instructional software design skills. To achieve this, augmented reality was used, which allowed the learning process to be completed via online dis-tance learning. Forty students were selected to participate by purposeful sampling. The results show that augmented reality was more effective in supporting academic achievement as well as skills acquisition in the virtual classrooms compared to the virtual classrooms that did not use augmented reality in online distance learning. In general, augmented reality or one of its (fixed, animated) patterns can be used to effectively learn in online distance learning during pandemic periods. As well as augmented reality that can use location-aware or vision-based maybe have a good potential in online dis-tance learning within the pandemic. As such the teachers must be prepared to employ all patterns of augmented reality in traditional online distance learn-ing or during the pandemics to achieve the need for 21st-century skills. Con-ducting more research is required in online distance learning by using aug-mented reality with another sample and different content general, augmented reality or one of its (fixed, animated) patterns can be used to effectively learn in online distance learning during pandemic periods.
University Students’ Use and Perceptions of Telegram to Promote Effective Educational Interactions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Aladsani Hibah Khalid
Published: May 2021

Student interaction is a pivotal element in any educational environment. Accordingly, employing technologies to increase these educational interactions has attracted both instructors’ and students’ attention. This qualitative paper investigated the means of employing Telegram, a social network site (SNS), to increase students’ educational interactions and explore their perceptions of using it as an interactional medium in a university course. A thematic analysis was applied to assess data collected from the posts of 77 university students in three Telegram groups created for this course and the students’ reflection papers required at the end of the course. This study’s findings identified several instructional activities that can be employed on Telegram to enhance students’ interactions, as well as presented how students interact with their instructor and each other on Telegram. The findings also highlighted the students’ perceptions of Telegram as a technology to enhance their course interactions, including the advantages and disadvantages of using Telegram in this course. Implications of this study can allow university instructors and policymakers to reconsider their teaching methods and even encourage using Telegram or similar SNSs to aid students’ learning.
Using Virtual Reality (VR) in Teaching Students with Dyslexia
Authors: Maskati Esraa , Alkeraiem Fatimah , Khalil Nada , Baik Raha , Aljuhani Rawan , Alsobhi Aisha
Published: May 2021

Studies show that the number of dyslexic students is increasing, as it does the need of the appropriate learning techniques and methodologies increases as well. For the students with learning disability, generally and the dyslexic stu-dents specifically there aren’t enough technologies that helps them in the learning process. Not only the students with learning disability face this prob-lem but parents and teachers are involved as well. The challenge that students with dyslexia face is that they find difficulties in processing and re-membering information, so they need extra effort and time to learn especial-ly when learning the basics like alphabets. In order to help students’ teachers and parents in the learning process, we developed methodology that mixes education with entertainment and produces an effective way of teaching. The proposed application teaches the students the alphabet by tracing the Ar-abic letters in the three forms initial, middle and final form, and pronounce the letters as well. It uses a friendly virtual reality environment. Virtual reality VR is one of the latest techniques in both education and entertainment which proved its effectiveness. It motivates the students to learn, interact and make the learning processes more productive. The aim of this research is to help the dyslexic students, teachers and parents to learn and enhance the learning process. The evaluation of the system revealed that the proposed application successfully supported students learning in general and students with dyslexia specifically.
Learning in the COVID-19 Era: Higher Education Students and Faculty’s Experience with Emergency Distance Education
Authors: Alasmari Talal
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The main aim of the study is to student and faculty’s experience with emergency distance education in the higher education system at the time of COVID-19
Research Methodology: This research has employed a quantitative approach where survey questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The data was collected from teachers and students separately. The sample of teachers was 916 and the sample of students was 4623. For both the questionnaires, three point and five point Likert scale was used to record the responses. SPSS was used to analyse the data with the help of frequency analysis and correlation analysis.
Findings: The results of this research have indicated that emergency distance education tends to impact learning experience of teachers and students in Jeddah. The quantitative findings of this study have suggested that supportive and efficient infrastructure is important for the purpose of ensuring smooth learning in the COVID-19 era.
Limitations/ Implications: This research has been carried out in the context of Jeddah hence the scope of the research was restricted. The results of this research are only applicable for higher education system in that geographical region
Flipped Classroom in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis and Proposal of a Framework for its Implementation
Authors: Limaymanta Cesar H. , Apaza-Tapia Ludgarda , Vidal Elizabeth , Gregorio-Chaviano Orlando
Published: May 2021

The flipped classroom as an educational model is perfectly aligned with the current demands of higher education. Therefore, the objectives of this article were to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of the flipped classroom in higher education (2012-2020) and to propose a framework for its implementation in face-to-face, blended or online learning modalities. The records were recovered from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, from which, after a five-phase methodological process, a consolidated dataset of 782 documents was obtained. The results showed the importance of the subject matter as scientific production reflected a continuous growth during the period of study. For their part, the most productive authors come from various institutions worldwide with an H index of over 50. The collaboration indicators show the growth trend of these indexes over the years, which reflects the capacity to generate national and international impact in the documents published in collaboration. The keywords co-occurrence analysis showed that the flipped classroom as a technological and innovative approach is complemented by active learning, blended learning, e-learning, ICT, teaching method, among others. Finally, a framework with five components was proposed as a basic guide for the implementation of the flipped classroom in higher education.
Teacher Training's Needs in University Context: A Case Study of a Chilean University of Applied Sciences
Authors: Gormaz-Lobos Diego , Galarce-Miranda Claudia , Hortsch Hanno , Vargas-Almonacid Carolina
Published: May 2021

Frequently, the teacher training programs in Chilean universities are designed from a generic vision of pedagogical competencies (not necessarily specialized for a particular discipline) and in form of face-to-face activities. The new demands of the society and the economy, the constant specializations of the scientific fields, and the incorporation of new technologies for teaching and learning make that the typical contemporary forms for the teacher academic training must be reviewed and analyzed. The main goal of this paper is to present the results of a survey about teaching needs on Engineering Pedagogy in engineering departments of INACAP (a Chilean university of applied sciences). In general, the in-strument and indicators seek to obtain information about: (i) needs/demands related to engineering didactic fundamentals, (ii) requirements for the structuring and assessment of teaching-learning processes in a university context, (iii) requirements for the design and evaluation of face-to-face as well as online teaching-learning activities in engineering, among others. The project was led by the International Center of Engineering Education (CIEI) at the University of Talca (Chile) in cooperation with the academic staff of INACAP at the Talca campus, under the pedagogical support of the Technische Universität Dresden (Germany), Faculty of Education. Based on these research results and on the IGIP Curricula, a teacher training program for the academic staff of the engineering schools in online modality was designed and implemented.
A Usability Testing of a Higher Education Mobile Application Among Postgraduate and Undergraduate Students
Authors: Nik Ahmad Nik Azlina , Hussaini Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The advancement in technology has produced innovative applications for educational purpose. Numerous higher education applications have aroused in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to strive for a high usability application. This study presents a usability evaluation of a higher education mobile application in Universiti Kuala Lumpur. The study was conducted using usability testing methodology to measure three usability factors which are effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. A number of 64 participants from postgraduate and undergraduate programme were subjectively selected. The result reveals that the application is effective, efficient and meet the users’ satisfaction on its usability, with the satisfaction rate of 82.15%. Several issues with regard to the application were highlighted by the respondents during the usability test. Therefore, despite of positive results, several recommendations with regards to improve the usability of the application were proposed in this study.
Mobile Devices Applied in Self-Studying English as a Foreign Language Among Non-Native Students in Vietnam and Japan
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Thanh , Takashi Yukawa
Published: May 2021

Abstract – In the era of technology, learning can be supported with mobile devices inside and outside of the classroom. In the hope of taking advantage of technology advances, teachers worldwide have integrated technologies into teaching to effectively deliver lesson content and address students’ needs. However, few non-native learners are exposed to mobile devices to optimize self-studying English outside the classroom. Thus, the present paper conducts a case study to look into mobile devices’ applications to enhance self-studying English as a foreign language. The study participants included 26 Japanese and Vietnamese learners divided into two groups over 15 weeks. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze and compare the results with R-Studio statistics software. The present study sought to encourage collaboration and foster the  autonomy of learners with mobile devices’ assistance as supporting language self-learning tools. The findings of the present research will be discussed in terms of the efficiency and potentials of mobile devices as supportive tools outside of classroom activities among Vietnamese and Japanese students as non-native learners of English.
Mobile-Learning Platform for the Development of Entrepreneurial Competences of the Students
Authors: Tretyakova Nataliya , Lyzhin Anton , Chubarkova Elena , Uandykova Mafura , Lukiyanova Marina
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using a mobile learning platform for students’ entrepreneurial competence improvement. The platform was implemented by the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University and the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. It allowed users to publish assignments, exchange ideas, generate photo and video content, demonstrate creative developments, and receive feedback. The research process enrolled 70 experimental group students, 25 control group students, 2 instructors, and 2 administrators from the considered educational institutions, as well as 3 practitioners invited to review projects. As a result of this examination (Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.678 to 0.714), it was noted that 41.4% of all research participants rather agreed that the experiment goals were accomplished and noted personal progress in mastering entrepreneurial competences, whereas 53.4% agreed unequivocally that the experiment was fully successful. Analysis of entrepreneurial competences and deviations from repeated competence evaluations before and after the experiment revealed that the experimental group was marked with notable progress (F (1.32) = 42.26, p = 0.00,  = 0.56). Average entrepreneurial competence assessment results for this group were slightly higher than those for control – they constituted 4.5 points against 4.0. Research findings are believed to be universal and interesting to educators and administrative staff of educational institutions or those involved in creating and conducting entrepreneurship training courses.
François Sigaut, la technologie et la politique du patrimoine ethnologique
Authors: Barbe Noël
Published: May 2021

En 1987, François Sigaut, répondant à une commande, écrit un Rapport au Conseil du Patrimoine ethnologique sur le thème « culture technique ». Le conseil du Patrimoine ethnologique, comme la mission qui l’accompagne, sont installés au ministère de la Culture au début des années 1980. Cette installation peut être lue comme une opportunité partagée entre une politique et une discipline. La discipline, l’ethnologie de la France, manque à ce moment-là de lieux propres et son objet, le « proche », fait par ailleurs discuter sa légitimité scientifique. La politique, installée à la direction du Patrimoine du ministère, entend réguler des activités patrimoniales amateures qui alors foisonnent. François Sigaut est nommé membre du conseil du Patrimoine ethnologique à l’occasion de son renouvellement de 1984.Prenant ce Rapport comme une contribution à la définition de ce que serait une bonne situation cognitive selon son auteur, il nous semble qu’il entre en tension avec certaines des positions et intentions qui ont conduit à une politique du patrimoine ethnologique. De plus, F. Sigaut s’y montre critique sur les ressources cognitives de l’ethnologie et parfois sa faible portée heuristique s’agissant de technologie. Ces tensions, parce qu’elles portent sur ce qui fonde une discipline (un objet, un programme, une division du travail, des conditions de validation, un cadastrage…) sont essentielles et F. Sigaut y reviendra dans sa volonté et ses essais de construire la technologie comme science sociale.
L’ingénieur Krebs (1850-1935) ou comment traduire le fluide électrique
Authors: Krebs Philippe
Published: May 2021

Les ingénieurs du xixe siècle ont largement manié le modèle épistémologique du fluide pour répondre aux attentes des milieux socio-économiques de leur temps. Dans le domaine de la locomotion et de la motricité, la vapeur est l’énergie de la puissance, pesante et dangereuse, et l’électricité est la nouvelle énergie universelle promise à tous les succès. L’ingénieur militaire Arthur Krebs, à la recherche de la maîtrise de la matière et de l’énergie, conçoit des objets électriques novateurs, de mobilité aérostatique et sous-marine comme des ensembles continus de fluides collectés et transportés. La jeune république française en reconstruction a des rêves de modernité et d’autonomie. L’ingénieur réorganisateur du service d’incendie de la Ville de Paris ne doit plus seulement maîtriser les fluides matériels, il doit également maîtriser le fluide-temps, aussi invisible que le fluide électrique. La vitesse mécanique et électrique est sa réponse aux exigences de fluidité. La pensée de la mobilité, de la vitesse et de l’autonomie le conduisent finalement à se faire le promoteur, chez Panhard -Levassor, de la cause automobile et du moteur à pétrole en apportant des solutions techniques dans la voie de l’hybridation du pétrole et de l’électricité, au point qu’on a pu dire alors que cette dernière avait « sauvé » le moteur à essence face aux moteurs à vapeur et électrique.
La Poste au courant. Aux origines d’une institution électrisée
Authors: Richez Sébastien
Published: May 2021

L’introduction de l’électricité dans le service postal est facilitée par la proximité, au sein de la même administration, de la Poste et des télécommunications. Adolphe Cochery, ministre des PTT depuis 1879, les met ensemble en valeur à l’exposition internationale d’électricité à Paris, en 1881. Sans toutefois immédiatement révolutionner le service, l’électricité fait diversement son chemin de la fin du xixe siècle à la première moitié du xxe. Le « tube » de la Poste pneumatique est perçu comme un sillon de modernité. Influencés par le rail ferroviaire ou métropolitain, des essais techniques pour un transport postal tout électrique, réalisés par des ingénieurs indépendants, ou encore des écrits d’intellectuels contemporains ponctuent ce processus incertain. Plus spécifiquement appliquée à la tournée du facteur, l’électricité donne à voir deux options, l’une féconde, l’autre fossoyeuse, concernant l’avenir du fonctionnaire. Dans le meilleur des cas, elle est vue comme un moyen d’augmenter la « motilité » du facteur. Dans le pire des cas, elle s’annonce comme devant supplanter l’homme à la tâche. Mais c’est plutôt, depuis la seconde moitié du xxe siècle, un courant progressiste lié à l’automobile qui vise à rendre le facteur plus efficace.
Le cimetière, une symbolique du lieu
Authors: Baudry Patrick
Published: May 2021

Le cimetière, endroit physique, lieu d’imagination d’un repos des morts, est l’enjeu d’une construction symbolique. Quand on parle de l’endroit où se trouve enterré un mort, l’on ne parle jamais seulement d’une localisation géographique du défunt. On met en récit ce qui ne se résume pas au lieu où le mort serait. Le lieu du cimetière oblige à la séparation d’avec ceux qui ne sont plus, et au remaniement des rapports avec ceux qui ne peuvent être considérés comme des disparus.
Approche matérielle des espaces réservés à la mort et aux morts
Authors: Fagadé Carole
Published: May 2021

Cet article étudie l’institution de la mort et du retour de l’âme dans l’histoire de l’esclavage au Bénin. Il montre comment les rituels traditionnels liés à l’esclavage sont autant de pratiques, mais aussi de rites d’institution de la mort et du retour. Il montre précisément la participation de l’esclave dans cette institution, de même que les sens et les représentations des habitants de ces espaces réservés à la mort et aux morts, plusieurs siècles après l’esclavage.
La « presque-mort » dans La Chambre des Officiers (Marc Dugain) : la tranchée, le lit et le sacré
Authors: Galinat Élodie
Published: May 2021

Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, l’espace de mort est multiple : les tranchées, le lit d’hôpital. Les morts sont laissés en vrac, éviscérés, défigurés, monstrueux. Dans le roman La Chambre des Officiers de Marc Dugain (1998), nous verrons comment la tranchée, censée être une protection, un rempart à l’anéantissement, devient espace de mort, et nous aborderons le rôle du lit d’hôpital aux dimensions de cercueil qui à son tour laisse présager une précipitation vers le néant, comme si l’environnement direct du soldat n’était que fatalité, l’antichambre d’une fin annoncée pour celui qui est « presque-mort ».
Medicine and other sciences: medical humanities
Authors: Maconi Antonio , Lombardi Roberta , Dacquino Mariateresa
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Medical Humanities aims to integrate the technical dimension of the approach to the patient, with the relational dimension provided by the humanities. Methodology: selection, examination and analysis of some essays on the subject for an examination of Medical Humanities. Results: some experiences of MH are highlighted, so that they can be perceived as elements of change. Conclusions: MH allow to identify the points of contact so that intellect and intuition can be put together, knowing the differences and the complementarities that they contain and that bind them.
Procedures adopted in the S.C. of radiotherapy of AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo for the coronavirus emergency
Authors: Pastorino A. , Garibaldi E. , Durante O. , Fozza A. , Berretta L. , Pozzi G. , Cazzulo E. , Barbero M.P. , Franzone P.
Published: May 2021

AIMS: Departments' Directors undertook actions to prevent SARS CoV-2 infection for patients (pts) and healthcare personnel. METHODS: Epidemiological data define Covid-19 like a very contagious  infection  transmittable by droplets and touch. The infection is  potentially  lethal  in  particular in aged persons affected by other diseases. Our Structure of Radiotherapy (RT) treats or performs medical examinations or TC Simulations for about 100 pts/day. Most of these pts are in Chemotherapy or just finished it. So, they are often immunosuppressed. RESULTS: Daily routine has been changed regarding patients' visits and treatments, with care of their general characteristics in the aim to protect frail patients and minimize the risk of infection. CONCLUSIONS: At the moment, no pts in RT treatment developed Covid-19 infection, but some of Physicians, Technician and Physics were infected. After the quarantine all the infected health care personnel went back to work.
Ten-year experience with penile prosthetic surgery for the treatment of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Palmisano Franco , Boeri Luca , Ievoli Riccardo , Sánchez-Curbelo Josvany , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , Gregori Andrea , Granata Antonio Maria , Ruiz-Castañé Eduard , Montanari Emanuele , Sarquella-Geli Joaquim
Published: May 2021

We aimed to evaluate ten-year outcomes of penile prosthesis (PP) implantation for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and to assess predictors of early prosthetic infection (EPI). We identified 549 men who underwent 576 PP placements between 2008 and 2018. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify potential predictors of EPI. An EPI predictive nomogram was developed. Thirty-five (6.1%) cases of EPI were recorded with an explant rate of 3.1%. In terms of satisfaction, 82.0% of the patients defined themselves as “satisfied,” while partner's satisfaction was 88.3%. Diabetes (P = 0.012), longer operative time (P = 0.032), and reinterventions (P = 0.048) were associated with EPI risk, while postoperative ciprofloxacin was inversely associated with EPI (P = 0.014). Rifampin/gentamicin-coated 3-piece inflatable PP (r/g-c 3IPP) showed a higher EPI risk (P = 0.019). Multivariate analyses showed a two-fold higher risk of EPI in diabetic patients, redo surgeries, or when a r/g-c 3IPP was used (all P < 0.03). We showed that diabetes, longer operative time, and secondary surgeries were the risk factors for EPI. Postoperative ciprofloxacin was associated with a reduced risk of EPI, while r/g-c 3IPP had higher EPI rates without an increased risk of PP explant. After further validation, the proposed nomogram could be a useful tool for the preoperative counseling of PP implantation.
A Comparative Evaluation of Rapid Card and Widal Slide Agglutination Tests for Rapid Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Jahan Noor , Khatoon Razia , Mishra Priyanka , Mehrotra Sudhir , Ahmad Siraj
Published: May 2021

Background:

Typhoid fever is a serious public health problem. It causes severe systemic infection in lesser developed areas of the world. Although blood culture is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis, it is a time taking procedure. An early and accurate diagnosis is necessary for an effective treatment.

Aims:

The present study was done to comparatively evaluate rapid card and Widal slide agglutination tests for rapid diagnosis of typhoid cases.

Settings and Design:

The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study done over a period of 6 months from January to June 2018.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 265 patients suspected of typhoid fever who gave their consent were included in the study whose blood samples were tested by both rapid card and Widal slide agglutination tests.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Data Editor Software version 20. Percentage of variables was calculated.

Results:

Of 265 patients, 97 patients were positive by the Widal slide test, whereas 113 patients were positive by the rapid card test, with 96.9% sensitivity and 88.7% specificity. Of 113 positives, 83 cases were positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) only, whereas 30 cases were positive for both IgM and IgG.

Conclusion:

Rapid card test is a simple and easy to perform the diagnostic test for rapid detection of typhoid cases with an additional advantage of separate determination of IgM and IgG antibody, thereby aiding in identification of current infection and previous exposure so that appropriate and timely treatment could be given to the patients.
Beyond Diophantine Wannier diagrams: Gap labelling for Bloch–Landau Hamiltonians
Authors: Cornean Horia , Monaco Domenico , Moscolari Massimo
Published: May 2021

It is well known that, given a

2d

purely magnetic Landau Hamiltonian with a constant magnetic field

b

which generates a magnetic flux

\varphi

per unit area, then any spectral island

\sigma_b

consisting of

M

infinitely degenerate Landau levels carries an integrated density of states

\mathcal{I}_b=M \varphi

. Wannier later discovered a similar Diophantine relation expressing the integrated density of states of a gapped group of bands of the Hofstadter Hamiltonian as a linear function of the magnetic field flux with integer slope. We extend this result to a gap labelling theorem for any

2d

Bloch–Landau operator

H_b

which also has a bounded

\mathbb{Z}^2

-periodic electric potential. Assume that

H_b

has a spectral island

\sigma_b

which remains isolated from the rest of the spectrum as long as

\varphi

lies in a compact interval

[\varphi_1,\varphi_2]

. Then

\mathcal{I}_b=c_0+c_1\varphi

on such intervals, where the constant

c_0\in\mathbb{Q}

while

c_1\in \mathbb{Z}

. The integer

c_1

is the Chern marker of the spectral projection onto the spectral island

\sigma_b

. This result also implies that the Fermi projection on

\sigma_b

, albeit continuous in

b

in the strong topology, is nowhere continuous in the norm topology if either

c_1\ne0

or

c_1=0

and

\varphi

is rational. Our proofs, otherwise elementary, do not use non-commutative geometry but are based on gauge covariant magnetic perturbation theory which we briefly review for the sake of the reader. Moreover, our method allows us to extend the analysis to certain non-covariant systems having slowly varying magnetic fields.
Finite element numerical investigation into unsteady MHD radiating and reacting mixed convection past an impulsively started oscillating plate
Authors: Matao P.M. , Reddy B. Prabhakar , Sunzu J.M. , Makinde O.D.
Published: May 2021

In this article, numerical investigation is carried out for the unsteady MHD mixed convection flow of radiating and chemically reacting fluid past an impulsively started oscillating vertical plate with variable temperature and constant mass diffusion. The transport model employed includes the Hall current. A uniform magnetic field is applied transversely to the direction of the fluid flow. The flow consideration is subject to small magnetic Reynolds number. The Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiation heat flux in the energy equation. The dimensionless governing system of partial differential equations of the flow has been solved numerically by employing the finite element method. The influence of pertinent parameters on primary velocity, secondary velocity, temperature and concentration are presented graphically whereas primary skin friction, secondary skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form. A comparison of the present method was madewith the exact solution obtained by Rajput and Kanaujia (2016) by considering primary and secondary skin frictions, it was noticed that a very good agreement.

Keywords: MHD, radiation parameter, chemical reaction parameter, magnetic parameter, Hall current.
Active flow control of a diffusing S-duct
Authors: Shanan Yahya Hamza
Published: May 2021

Realization of the S-duct benefits requires scrutiny of certain phenomena such as swirls, secondary flows, and flow distortion creation which are related to the S-duct due to its physical curvature. The first phase of the study investigated the flow field inside the S-duct. NASA Glenn research center’s S-duct was adopted in this study. Geometry was created in SOLIDWORKS and mesh was done using ICEM CFD. Numerical analysis was carried out in ANSYS Fluent software. A turbulence model named kω-SST was incorporated. Boundary conditions were set so as to match the experimental test done by NASA Glenn research center. Computational results showed a significant agreement with the experiment. The results also affirmed the presence of the secondary flow and flow distortion at the aerodynamic interface plane. The second phase of the study investigated the ability to control the flow and reduce the flow distortion on the engine fan face. Results showed a 10% flow distortion reduction and the secondary flow severity decreased by 16.5% on the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP).

Keywords: Active Flow Control (AFC), Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP), Flow Distortion, S-duct
Evaluation of mechanical properties of teak sawdust and PVC wood plastic composite
Authors: Shankar B. Latha , Darshan R.N. , Sansuddi Sagar B. , Aditya S.
Published: May 2021

Wood plastic composites (WPC) are becoming popular in recent years, in majorly automobile and building sectors due to their attractive properties and sustainability compared to traditional materials. This work focuses at mechanical property evaluation of WPCs made of teak wood flour (wastes obtained from wood cutting mills), Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) and Calcium Carbonate as major ingredients. Fabrication of WPC is done using the extrusion process. Tensile, compressive, bending and impact tests were carried out as per ASTM standard testing method D 4761-19 to evaluate mechanical properties of the WPC. It was found that above said WPC has tensile strength of 7.69N/mm2, compression strength of 11.42N/mm2, flexural strength of 15.264N/mm2 and impact strength (Izod) of 0.265 N-M/mm2. From these mechanical properties of proposed PWC, it can be concluded that it can replace natural wood, when mechanical performance requirements are within above mentioned allowable values and where seasonal affect, humidity, moisture absorption etc. are the major problems. Additionally since wood waste is used in proposed PWC, material is considered more sustainable and eco-friendly.

Keywords: WPC, PVC, Teak saw dust, Extrusion, ASTM, sustainable
Comparison of open circuit voltage generated by tracking solar panel and static solar panel using arduino board
Authors: Sharma Abhisak , Kumar Pardeep , Ghangas Gyander , Gupta Vishal , Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Chahak
Published: May 2021

This paper represents the comparison of the voltages generated by the tracking and static solar panels. The work also aims to design and  fabrication of a cheap and efficient tracking device. This device comprises of hardware and software. A rigid mechanical structure with nut and  screw as the transmission is developed. 4 LDRs and DC motors are employed, which are cheap and less power consuming. As far as the software  concerns, an open source microcontroller “Arduino UNO” board is used because of their simplicity and cost effectiveness. This Sun tracking device with a PV panel installed on it, is placed outside at the roof of the building along with a static solar panel. Output voltages generated from both panels are recorded in SD card through data logger in Arduino UNO. This real-time data shows the difference in amplitude of both the signals. Voltage of rotating panel is more than static one resulting that the tracking device can increase the efficiency of the panel by exposing the PV panel more to the sun light. Hence this setup proves that the solar panel with tracking system generates more energy than solar panel without tracking system.

Keywords: Solar Tracker, LDR, PV Panel, Arduino UNO Board.
The Legal Status of Public Entities in the Field of Cybersecurity in Poland
Authors:   War Studies University, Law Institute, Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz Katarzyna , Karpiuk Mirosław ,   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Law and Administration, Kostrubiec Jarosław ,   Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (Lublin), Faculty of Law and Administration
Published: May 2021

This monograph provides an in-depth look at the organisation of the national cybersecurity system and the tasks and responsibilities of the entities operating within this system. The objective of the national cybersecurity system is to ensure cybersecurity at the national level, including the uninterrupted provision of essential services and digital services by achieving the appropriate level of security of the information systems used to provide these services and ensuring the handling of incidents. The EU legislators have been explicit in noting that the scale, frequency, and impact of cybersecurity incidents is growing, putting the functioning of information systems at a serious risk. These systems can be targeted by malicious attacks aimed at damaging or disrupting their operations. Such incidents can hamper the functioning of public administration and business, and cause substantial financial losses, undermine user confidence, and lead to considerable losses in national economies, as well as the EU economy at large. Defined as the resilience of information systems against actions which compromise the confidentiality, integrity, availability, and authenticity of processed data, or the related services provided by those information systems, cybersecurity is an area of concern for private and public entities alike. As far as the public-law sphere is concerned, cybersecurity tasks and powers are performed and exercised by government administration, both central and regional, as well as local and regional governments. At the core of the national cybersecurity system in Poland are the public entities which make Poland's cybersecurity policy with the aim of increasing the level of protection against cyberthreats. Despite having different statuses, tasks, and powers, and places in the public sphere, they share the objective of ensuring cyberspace security.
Efficient adsorption capability of banana and cassava biochar for malachite green: Removal process and mechanism exploration
Authors: Deng Hua , Li Ya Fen , Tao Shu Qi , Li An Yu , Li Qiu Yan , Hu Le Ning
Published: May 2021

In this study, banana biochar (BB) and cassava biochar (CB) were roasted in a tube furnace at 400℃ for 2 h, and their adsorption effects on malachite green (MG) were studied. The removal of MG with respect to the solution concentration and reaction time was also investigated. The results show that the optimal amount of biochar is 2 g/L. Studies of the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms show that the pseudo-second-order kinetics can most accurately reflect the adsorption process. Freundlich model fits the experimental data well. The theoretical saturated adsorption capacities of BB and CB are 1,092.80 mg/g and 261.42 mg/g, respectively. SEM-EDS, TGA, BET, FTIR, XRD, element analysis and other characterization techniques were used to explore the adsorption mechanism. Based on the characterization results, it is speculated that the adsorption of BB and CB for MG mainly includes chemical adsorption and physical adsorption.
Nhận thức và thực hành về bệnh cao huyết áp của người cao tuổi tại xã Nhị Bình, huyện Hóc Môn
Authors: Phúc Lê Thị Ngọc
Published: May 2021

Bài viết tập trung tìm hiểu những nhận thức và thực hành của người cao tuổi (NCT) về bệnh cao huyết áp và các yếu tố tác động đến những nhận thức và thực hành này. Đồng thời, bài viết cũng cung cấp cái nhìn khác biệt về bệnh cao huyết áp giữa NCT và bác sĩ. Từ đó, đề xuất một vài giải pháp cho bác sĩ trong quá trình tư vấn, thăm khám và điều trị bệnh cao huyết áp cho NCT. Nghiên cứu được thiết kế theo hướng định tính. Tổng cộng có 28 NCT và 02 bác sĩ tham gia vào nghiên cứu. Trong đó, 20 NCT tham gia phỏng vấn sâu và 08 NCT tham gia thảo luận nhóm.

Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy nhận thức của NCT và bác sĩ có vài điểm khác biệt về thực hành kiểm soát huyết áp. Mặc dù, NCT trong nghiên cứu đều tiếp nhận điều trị nhưng một số NCT vẫn không dùng thuốc thường xuyên, tự đổi loại thuốc khác không theo hướng dẫn của bác sĩ hoặc không chủ động thay đổi thói quen sinh hoạt hàng ngày. Liên quan đến các yếu tố tác động đến những nhận thức và thực hành này gồm yếu tố truyền thông, gia đình và trải nghiệm của bản thân.