bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervenção do enfermeiro na prevenção de acidentes de trabalho com materiais perfurocortantes: revisão integrativa
Authors: Batista Ialison Matias , Silva Francisco Canindé dos Santos , Lima Romário Yanes de Carvalho , Costa Cassandra Pereira Borges , Rodrigues Helayne Cristina , Porto Gizelia Araújo Cunha , Sousa Ronny Batista de
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A prevenção de acidentes de trabalho com materiais perfurocortantes é um tema crucial na enfermagem, dada a alta exposição dos profissionais a esses riscos. Objetivo: analisar a atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção acidentes de trabalho com materiais perfurocortantes na enfermagem. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca bibliográfica foi conduzida nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, LILACS; e BDENF via. Para isso, foram cruzados os seguintes termos presentes nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS/MeSH): “Cuidados de Enfermagem” AND “Prevenção de Acidentes” AND “Ferimentos perfurocortantes”, sendo criado estratégia para cada base de dados. Na busca inicial foram identificados 70 estudos, após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 10 foram incluídos para análise. Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias. A primeira envolve os materiais perfurocortantes mais frequentemente associados a acidentes, com destaque para agulhas e bisturis, que, devido a práticas inconvenientes, como recapitulação e descarte incorreto, representam os maiores riscos. A segunda categoria abordou as práticas de enfermagem na prevenção, evidenciando a importância da educação contínua, do uso correto de EPIs e da implementação de políticas institucionais e uma cultura de segurança. Conclusão: A atuação eficaz do enfermeiro na prevenção de acidentes com materiais perfurocortantes depende de práticas seguras, como o uso adequado de EPIs, educação contínua e políticas institucionais claras. O fortalecimento de uma cultura de segurança no ambiente de trabalho é fundamental para reduzir esses acidentes, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas preventivas e treinamentos regulares.
Calibration and evaluation of the Hargreaves-Samani equation for estimating reference evapotranspiration: a case study in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Figueiró Lucas Santos do Patrocínio , Bonfá Caroline Salezzi , Santos Lucas da Costa
Published: February 2025

Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for water resources management and agricultural planning. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (PM) equation is widely adopted as the standard for ETo estimation but faces limitations in regions with scares data. Therefore, empirical equations emerge as a viable alternative, although they require calibration. This study focuses on calibration the Hargreaves–Samani (HS) equation in the Northwest, North, and Jequitinhonha Valley regions of Minas Gerais, with the aim of improving ETo estimates and developing an adjusted model for the northern region of Minas Gerais, referred to as the Adjusted Hargreaves–Samani (HS1) model. The climatic data used in this research covered 30 years of observations (1990 to 2019), obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and included the following variables: maximum, minimum, and average air temperature; mean relative humidity; wind speed; and sunshine duration (used to estimate global solar radiation). ETo was estimated using the HS and HS1 methods and then compared with the PM method through the following statistical indicators: linear and angular coefficients (a and b), coefficient of determination (R²), correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), concordance index (d), and performance index (c). The results indicate that the ETo estimate using the HS1 method improved the obtained values, enhanced the statistical parameters, and reduced the error.
Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) on the Enhancement of the ABACA (Musa Textiles Nee) Production System in Las Navas, Northern Samar, Philippines
Authors: Ogoc Lyndon A.
Published: February 2025

Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) on the Enhancement of the Abaca Production in Las Navas, Northern Samar, is a technical extension service, intervention designed to respond to the pressing problems of the abaca industry. This author tapped by the Ching Bee Trading Corporation (CBT) - a private abaca fiber export company, inspired by its sincere commitment in alleviating the low abaca production in Northern Samar viewed in a previous five-year productivity status survey.  Iidentifying key challenges, assessing existing practices, and developing innovative solutions, this study seeks to improve the livelihoods of local farmers and contribute to sustainable agricultural development. Data collection involved interviews, surveys, and observations, followed by analysis of the findings. The results revealed significant constraints related to abaca fiber quality, pests, and limited access to markets. Based on these findings, recommendations for improving abaca cultivation practices and strengthening value chains were developed. The project's success in fostering community engagement and capacity building has paved the way for further initiatives to promote sustainable agriculture in the province and region. The compelling outcome of declining fiber production for the last five years came into a condition compromising the fiber production and quality, prompted Ching Bee Trading Corporation to invest on an intervention directly in the countryside as a way of helping our abaca farmers together with the other stakeholders in finding solutions to revitalize the industry, hence this study. This CBPAR project in order to concretize its impacts and attain its vision, goals and objectives adopted these approach: 1.) the need to expand community-based managed abaca nurseries into an individual contract abaca growing; 2.) the conduct of a study on the physical characterization of local abaca varieties in Las Navas (Collection and Germplasm establishment); 3.) Geotagging of specific areas of production source of these local varieties in Las Navas (to preserve indigenous varieties) ; and  4.) continue  the Capability Building and Education Program to sustain farmers commitment and enthusiasm in supporting some initiated projects.
Methane (CH₄) Fluxes in Mangrove Sediments of Negeri Passo, Inner Ambon Bay: Implications for Climate Change
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Nazar Fitrina , Lokollo Frijona F. , Supusepa Junita , Asni Asni , Borut Ruku Ratu , Loupatty Sven R. , Maryono
Published: February 2025

Mangrove ecosystems play a significant role in carbon sequestration. However, the accumulation of organic matter in mangrove sediments undergoes decomposition, which triggers the release of CH₄ gas flux. This study aims to analyze the CH₄ gas flux in the mangrove sediments of Negeri Passo, Inner Ambon Bay. Gas sampling was conducted using a cylindrical chamber at three observation stations. Gas was collected using a syringe five times at 30-second intervals. The gas concentration was analyzed using gas chromatography, while the CH₄ flux was calculated using a flux equation that considers the regression slope, chamber volume and area, temperature, gas molecular weight, ideal gas constant (R), and time constant based on the gas sampling interval. The results showed that the average CH₄ concentration was 22.46 ppm. The highest concentration was found at Station 2, with 33.33 ppm, and the lowest at Station 3, with 14.40 ppm. The average CH₄ flux was 3.2194 mg/m²/h. The highest CH₄ flux was observed at Station 3, with 4.8727 mg/m²/h, while the lowest was at Station 1, with 1.3421 mg/m²/h. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the mangrove ecosystem in Negeri Passo has a relatively higher CH₄ flux compared to other locations within the Inner Ambon Bay area. Additionally, the significant carbon sequestration potential, as indicated by the Tier 1 model approach, suggests that this mangrove ecosystem plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation. These findings highlight the dual role of the mangrove ecosystem in Negeri Passo, acting as both a carbon sink and a source of CH₄ emissions, emphasizing the need for further research to balance its sequestration potential with methane release dynamics.
Effects on Birds in Natural and Man-made Climate Change Scenario: A Neotropical Perspective
Authors: Kaur Tarvinder , Duhan Joginder Singh , Poonam  , Bharti Nishtha
Published: February 2025

Birds, with their vibrant plumage and melodious songs, serve as nature's living poetry, enriching our world with color and harmony. In the current scenario they are facing both natural and anthropogenic climatic variations. From alterations in migratory patterns and nesting behaviors to habitat degradation and pollution-induced stress, avian species navigate a complex landscape of challenges. According to the study, climate change has resulted in earlier egg-laying times, altered bird habitat, increased risk of disease transmission, reduced food availability, an earlier spring migration, and a decline in bird populations. Integrating findings from diverse ecological studies, this review explains the impacts of natural climate variations and human-driven environmental changes on bird populations. Recognizing the cumulative effects is key for developing adaptive conservation strategies to preserve avian biodiversity.
Screening of Advanced Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes against Pod Borers
Authors: Verma Tarun , Yadav Rajesh , Ravika  , Kumar Rajesh
Published: February 2025

Thirty six advanced field pea (tall and dwarf) genotypes (including HFP 9907B and HFP 529 as checks) were evaluated against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and lentil pod borer (Etiella zinckenella) during Rabi season of 2016-17 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar for pod damage and seed yield. Pest susceptibility rating of each genotype was calculated on the basis of pod damage. The pod damage in tall field pea by H. armigera and E. zinckenella was found minimum in genotypes, HFP 1463 (3.62%) and HFP 1445 (3.98%), respectively, whereas maximum in genotypes, HFP 1132 (13.24%) and HFP 1130 (11.11%), respectively. However, among dwarf field pea, genotype, HFP 1428 and HFP 1426 showed minimum pod damage, whereas, genotype HFP 1125 and HFP 1036 showed maximum pod damage by H. armigera  and E. zinckenella, respectively. Maximum field pea yield was obtained from HFP 1445 (2445.83 kg/ha). Pest susceptibility rating ranged from 3 to 9 for pod borers i.e. genotypes falls in moderate resistant (MR) to highly susceptible (HS) group. These field pea genotypes (HFP 1428, HFP 1426, HFP 1445 and HFP 1463) can be exploited in developing tolerant/resistant line against pod borers.
Agronomic Performances and Tolerance to Brown Spot and Aphid Attacks of Cowpea Varieties under the Mineral Fertilizers’ Effect in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouattara Souleymane , Kouhounde Sonagnon , Zougrana Sylvain , Somé Hien K. , Oubda Moïse B.J. , Adeoti Kifouli
Published: February 2025

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a leguminous crop whose cultivation faces to biotic constraints. In addition, the efficient use of mineral fertilizers is often necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four (04) mineral fertilizer formulations on the agronomic performance of the cowpea varieties like KVX442-3-25SH (Komcallé) and KVX775-33-2G (Tiligré) in Burkina Faso. The methodology used is based on apply the experimental design with completely randomized block. Five treatments and five replications were applied: T0 (control), T1 (NPK: 14-23-14); T2 (NPK: 14-18-18); T3 (NPK: 16-16-16) and T4 (NPK: 15-15-15). The parameters used were the number of ramifications, pods and nodules per plant, the number of grains per pod, the weight of dry biomass, the grain yield per pot, the foliar severity of brown spot disease and the incidence of aphid attack. The results showed that treatment T4 recorded the highest performance in terms of the number of pods and nodules per plant, with respective values of 15 pods/plant and 25 nodules/plant for the Komcallé variety and 07 pods/plant and 21 nodules/plant for the Tiligre variety. Treatments T1 and T4 recorded the lowest leaf incidences of brown spot disease in the Komcallé (12.33%) and Tiligré (11.06%) varieties respectively. On the other hand, treatments T2 and T3 recorded the lowest incidence of aphid attacks on the Komcallé variety (19.67%) and the Tiligré variety (21.89%), respectively. In conclusion, mineral fertilizer can contribute to increase cowpea yields in Burkina Faso.
Technologies for Digital Disruption in Banking
Authors: K Navaneetha. , Mohan P.
Published: February 2025

The rapid evolution of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly disrupted the traditional banking sector, leading to a transformative shift in financial services. This study systematically reviews the role of key digital technologies—such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, big data analytics, cloud computing, and Big Data and Analytics—in reshaping the Indian banking landscape. Using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, pertinent research articles were found from highly ranked databases (such as Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore) in accordance with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique. The thematic synthesis analysis highlights how these innovations enhance operational efficiency, financial inclusion, cybersecurity, and customer experience while also posing regulatory and competitive challenges. The study further examines the implications of FinTech disruption in India’s banking sector, considering the regulatory framework and emerging trends. The findings suggest that while FinTech presents opportunities for financial democratization and improved service delivery, it also requires banks to adopt agile strategies to remain competitive. Future research should explore the long-term impact of FinTech disruption on banking stability and consumer trust.
Os desafios do ensino escolar na Guiné-Bissau: a questão da língua de ensino
Authors: Mané Baticã Braima Ença
Published: February 2025

Este estudo analisou os desafios do sistema de ensino guineense, enfocando-se na questão da língua e em uma eventual adoção do modelo de ensino bilíngue que elevaria o kriol – dada sua condição de língua franca do país – ao status de língua de ensino ao lado da que já está posta, o português. Baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, o estudo mostrou que os problemas estruturais decorrentes de frequentes instabilidades político-governativas do país inviabilizam políticas educacionais – incluindo políticas linguísticas, estrangulando fortemente o sistema educativo. Contudo, mesmo se estes percalços forem ultrapassados e o Estado guineense quiser adotar o ensino bilíngue, dada sua vantagem, teria que lidar tanto com potenciais questões que possam advir em decorrência desse processo, assim como com aquelas que já existem. Ambas as questões são, sobretudo, do âmbito da política linguística.
Could GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Like Semaglutide Treat Addiction, Alzheimer Disease, and Other Conditions?
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: April 2024

This Medical News story examines other potential uses of GLP-1 receptor agonists, the popular type 2 diabetes and weight-loss drugs.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Address Oral Health Disparities
Authors: Elani Hawazin W. , Giannobile William V.
Published: April 2024

This Viewpoint explores the unique attributes of dentistry that could leverage artificial intelligence for many improvements including greater health equity.
Self-Administered Acupressure for Probable Knee Osteoarthritis in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Yeung Wing-Fai , Chen Shu-Cheng , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Wong Carlos King-Ho , Chong Tsz Chung , Ho Yuen Shan , Suen Lorna Kwai Ping , Ho Lai Ming , Lao Lixing
Published: April 2024

Importance

The effects of self-administered acupressure (SAA) on knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain remain unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of SAA taught via a short training course on reducing knee OA pain in middle-aged and older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This randomized clinical trial was conducted among community-dwelling individuals in Hong Kong who were aged 50 years or older with probable knee OA from September 2019 to May 2022.

Interventions

The intervention included 2 training sessions for SAA with a brief knee health education (KHE) session, in which participants practiced acupressure twice daily for 12 weeks. The control group (KHE only) received only education about maintaining knee health on the same schedule and duration.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score at 12 weeks. Other outcomes included Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D), Timed Up and Go, and Fast Gait Speed tests.

Results

A total of 314 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.7 [4.5] years; 246 [78.3%] female; mean [SD] knee pain duration, 7.3 [7.6] years) were randomized into intervention and KHE-only groups (each 157). At week 12, compared with the KHE-only group, the intervention group had a significantly greater reduction in NRS pain score (mean difference [MD], −0.54 points; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.10 points; P = .02) and higher enhancement in SF-6D utility score (MD, 0.03 points; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.01 points; P = .03) but did not have significant differences in other outcome measures. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve demonstrated a greater than 90% probability that the intervention is cost-effective at a willingness to pay threshold of 1 GDP per capita.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, SAA with a brief KHE program was efficacious and cost-effective in relieving knee pain and improving mobility in middle-aged and older adults with probable knee OA.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04191837
Shifts in Diagnostic Testing for Headache in the Emergency Department, 2015 to 2021
Authors: Mark Dustin G. , Horton Brandon H. , Reed Mary E. ,   Kaiser Permanente CREST Network Investigators
Published: April 2024

Importance

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is typically diagnosed by noncontrast head computed tomography (CT); lumbar puncture is recommended if computed tomography is nondiagnostic, although CT cerebral angiography has been promoted as an alternative to lumbar puncture in this diagnostic pathway. The outcomes of this debate in practice have not been studied.

Objective

To determine whether CT cerebral angiography use has increased in lieu of lumbar puncture among emergency department (ED) patients with headache, with an increase in unruptured intracranial aneurysm detection.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study took place in 21 community EDs of an integrated health care system in Northern California between 2015 and 2021. Participants were adult (aged >17 years) health plan members with a chief concern of headache. Exclusions were prior diagnoses of subarachnoid hemorrhage, unruptured intracranial aneurysm, cerebral arteriovenous malformation, or cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Data were analyzed from October to November 2023.

Exposures

CT cerebral angiography and/or lumbar puncture during the ED encounter.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary and secondary outcomes were 14-day and 90-day unruptured intracranial aneurysm detection, respectively. Safety outcomes were missed diagnoses of subarachnoid hemorrhage or bacterial meningitis. The annual incidence of unruptured intracranial aneurysm detection was normalized to the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (UIA:SAH ratio). Average annualized percentage changes were quantified using joinpoint regression analysis.

Results

Among 198 109 included ED encounters, the mean (SD) age was 47.5 (18.4) years; 140 001 patients (70.7%) were female; 29 035 (14.7%) were Black or African American, 59 896 (30.2%) were Hispanic or Latino, and 75 602 (38.2%) were White. Per year, CT cerebral angiography use increased (18.8%; 95% CI, 17.7% to 20.3%) and lumbar punctures decreased (−11.1%; 95% CI, −12.0% to −10.4%), with a corresponding increase in the 14-day UIA:SAH ratio (3.5%; 95% CI, 0.9% to 7.4%). Overall, computed tomography cerebral angiography use increased 6-fold relative to lumbar puncture, with a 33% increase in the detection of UIA. Results were similar at 90 days and robust to sensitivity analyses. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (1004 cases) and bacterial meningitis (118 cases) were misdiagnosed in 5% and 18% of cases, respectively, with no annual trends (P = .34; z1003 = .95 and P = .74; z117 = −.34, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of ED patients with headache, increases in CT cerebral angiography use were associated with fewer lumbar punctures and higher detection of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, with no significant change in missed diagnoses of subarachnoid hemorrhage or bacterial meningitis. While this shift in diagnostic strategy appeared safe in the short-term, the long-term consequences remain unclear.
CD14+ Dendritic‐Shaped Cells Functioning as Dendritic Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissues
Authors: Kurose Rie , Satoh Takashi , Kurose Akira , Ishibashi Yasuyuki , Uzuki Miwa , Wakai Yuji , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Ishida Kinji , Ogasawara Katsutoshi , Sawai Takashi
Published: April 2024

Objective

We previously reported that CD14+ dendritic‐shaped cells exhibit a dendritic morphology, engage in pseudo‐emperipolesis with lymphocytes, and express CD90 in the perivascular areas of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues. However, it remains unclear whether these CD14highCD90intermediate(int) cells function as dendritic cells. In this study, we investigated the dendritic cell–differentiation potential of CD14highCD90int cells.

Methods

The localization and number of CD14highCD90int cells in RA synovial tissues and peripheral blood were examined. The dendritic cell–differentiation potential of CD14highCD90int cells was examined by measuring interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in the supernatant and CD83 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR expression in the cells after induction of dendritic cell differentiation. Synovial cells were co‐cultured with lymphocytes, and the activation of these cells was examined.

Results

CD14highCD90int cells were abundant in RA synovial tissues, including the sublining layer and the pannus areas. Patients with untreated and active RA had significantly higher percentages of CD14highCD90int cells in the peripheral blood and synovial tissues. In RA synovial cells, inflammatory cytokine levels increased with dendritic cell–differentiation culture, but CD83 and HLA‐DR expression were significantly increased in the CD14highCD90int cell group. When co‐cultured with lymphocytes, cell numbers and inflammatory cytokine levels significantly increased in both groups of synovial cells after dendritic cell induction.

Conclusion

CD14+ cells migrate and spread from the circulating blood to RA synovial tissues while expressing CD90, and CD14highCD90int cells in contact with lymphocytes differentiate into HLA‐DR+ dendritic cells, which contribute to chronic inflammation in RA.
Hierarchical Structure by Self‐sedimentation of Liquid Metal for Flexible Sensor Integrating Pressure Detection and Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zhu Lida , Xu Peihua , Chang Baoquan , Ning Jinsheng , Yan Tianming , Yang Zhichao , Lu Hao
Published: April 2024

Multifunctional integration is a pivotal aspect in the development of flexible sensors that facilitate augmented interaction with the physical environment. However, contemporary multifunctional flexible sensors face challenges arising from their complex structures and high costs. Therefore, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) /liquid metal (LM) films with a hierarchical structure prepared via the gravity‐induced deposition of LM are applied to multifunctional flexible sensors. PDMS/LM films exhibit remarkable flexibility and function as flexible electrodes for pressure sensors as well as a single‐electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The porous PDMS/carbon nanotube (CNT) dielectric with an array structure is developed for pressure sensing, showing commendable sensitivity (0.671 kPa−1) even under low pressures (0–17 kPa). Compared with solid and porous dielectrics, its sensitivity is improved over the entire pressure range. The sensor achieves a response time of ≈80 ms and demonstrates exceptional stability. Furthermore, when the PDMS/LM film with a hierarchical structure functions as a TENG, it can serve as a self‐powered sensor for measuring dynamic forces and aid in material recognition with the assistance of capacitive pressure sensing. This study provides a new perspective on the simplified design and integration of multifunctional flexible sensors.
Novel Mussel‐Inspired High‐Temperature Resistant Gel with Delayed Crosslinking Property for Ultra‐Deep Reservoir Fracturing
Authors: Xu Zhongzheng , Zhao Mingwei , Yang Ziteng , Wang Pan , Liu Jiawei , Xie Yuxin , Wu Yining , Gao Mingwei , Li Lin , Song Xuguang , Dai Caili
Published: April 2024

Mussel‐inspired materials have been widely studied due to their excellent adhesion and self‐healing properties, but few studies have introduced this interesting property into the fracturing development of deep/ultra‐deep oil and gas fields. Herein, a new type of mussel‐inspired delayed crosslinking gel fracturing fluid is reported, which is formed by mussel‐inspired polymers containing many catechol groups and organic zirconium delayed crosslinkers. The strong supramolecular interaction in mussel‐inspired polymers can construct a more complex and stable dually cross‐linked polymer network based on conventional chemical crosslinking, to cope with harsh conditions such as high temperature and shear in reservoirs. After shearing at 200 °C, the reserved viscosity of mussel‐inspired delayed crosslinking gel is as high as 95 mPa·s. More importantly, the viscosity of gel remains basically unchanged at 25 °C, and the cross‐linking is completed within 300 s at 90 °C. The chemical force probe atomic force microscope (AFM) technology has successfully demonstrated that catechol groups are the main source of supramolecular interaction in mussel‐inspired polymers. The molecular simulation results show that due to the addition of catechol groups, the hydrogen bond interactions within the mussel‐inspired polymers molecules are enhanced. And the additional hydrogen bonds formed are more stable at high temperature.
Advances in Cell‐Rich Inks for Biofabricating Living Architectures
Authors: Almeida‐Pinto José , Moura Beatriz S. , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F.
Published: April 2024

Advancing biofabrication toward manufacturing living constructs with well‐defined architectures and increasingly biologically relevant cell densities is highly desired to mimic the biofunctionality of native human tissues. The formulation of tissue‐like, cell‐dense inks for biofabrication remains, however, challenging at various levels of the bioprinting process. Promising advances have been made toward this goal, achieving relatively high cell densities that surpass those found in conventional platforms, pushing the current boundaries closer to achieving tissue‐like cell densities. On this focus, herein the overarching challenges in the bioprocessing of cell‐rich living inks into clinically grade engineered tissues are discussed, as well as the most recent advances in cell‐rich living ink formulations and their processing technologies are highlighted. Additionally, an overview of the foreseen developments in the field is provided and critically discussed.
Annual Energy‐Saving Smart Windows with Actively Controllable Passive Radiative Cooling and Multimode Heating Regulation
Authors: Deng Yuan , Yang Yihai , Xiao Yuanhang , Zeng Xingping , Xie He‐Lou , Lan Ruochen , Zhang Lanying , Yang Huai
Published: April 2024

Smart windows with radiative heat management capability using the sun and outer space as zero‐energy thermodynamic resources have gained prominence, demonstrating a minimum carbon footprint. However, realizing on‐demand thermal management throughout all seasons while reducing fossil energy consumption remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an energy‐efficient smart window that enables actively tunable passive radiative cooling (PRC) and multimode heating regulation is demonstrated by integrating the emission‐enhanced polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (SiO2@PRC PDLC) film and a low‐emission layer deposited with carbon nanotubes. Specifically, this device can achieve a temperature close to the chamber interior ambient under solar irradiance of 700 W m−2, as well as a temperature drop of 2.3 °C at sunlight of 500 W m−2, whose multistage PRC efficiency can be rapidly adjusted by a moderate voltage. Meanwhile, synchronous cooperation of passive radiative heating (PRH), solar heating (SH), and electric heating (EH) endows this smart window with the capability to handle complicated heating situations during cold weather. Energy simulation reveals the substantial superiority of this device in energy savings compared with single‐layer SiO2@PRC PDLC, normal glass, and commercial low‐E glass when applied in different climate zones. This work provides a feasible pathway for year‐round thermal management, presenting a huge potential in energy‐saving applications.
A Glucose‐Responsive Cannula for Automated and Electronics‐Free Insulin Delivery
Authors: Fuchs Stephanie , Caserto Julia S. , Liu Qingsheng , Wang Kecheng , Shariati Kaavian , Hartquist Chase M. , Zhao Xuanhe , Ma Minglin
Published: April 2024

Automated delivery of insulin based on continuous glucose monitoring is revolutionizing the way insulin‐dependent diabetes is treated. However, challenges remain for the widespread adoption of these systems, including the requirement of a separate glucose sensor, sophisticated electronics and algorithms, and the need for significant user input to operate these costly therapies. Herein, a user‐centric glucose‐responsive cannula is reported for electronics‐free insulin delivery. The cannula—made from a tough, elastomer‐hydrogel hybrid membrane formed through a one‐pot solvent exchange method—changes permeability to release insulin rapidly upon physiologically relevant varying glucose levels, providing simple and automated insulin delivery with no additional hardware or software. Two prototypes of the cannula are evaluated in insulin‐deficient diabetic mice. The first cannula—an ends‐sealed, subcutaneously inserted prototype—normalizes blood glucose levels for 3 d and controls postprandial glucose levels. The second, more translational version—a cannula with the distal end sealed and the proximal end connected to a transcutaneous injection port—likewise demonstrates tight, 3‐d regulation of blood glucose levels when refilled twice daily. This proof‐of‐concept study may aid in the development of “smart” cannulas and next‐generation insulin therapies at a reduced burden‐of‐care toll and cost to end‐users.
Ultrathin High‐Entropy Fe‐Based Spinel Oxide Nanosheets with Metalloid Band Structures for Efficient Nitrate Reduction toward Ammonia
Authors: Qi Shuai , Lei Zhihao , Huo Qihua , Zhao Jinwen , Huang Tianchi , Meng Na , Liao Jinlian , Yi Jiabao , Shang Chunyan , Zhang Xue , Yang Hengpan , Hu Qi , He Chuanxin
Published: April 2024

Spinel oxides with tunable chemical compositions have emerged as versatile electrocatalysts, however their performance is greatly limited by small surface area and low electron conductivity. Here, ultrathin high‐entropy Fe‐based spinel oxides nanosheets are rationally designed (i.e., (Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2)Fe2O4; denotes A5Fe2O4) in thickness of ≈4.3 nm with large surface area and highly exposed active sites via a modified sol–gel method. Theoretic and experimental results confirm that the bandgap of A5Fe2O4 nanosheets is significantly smaller than that of ordinary Fe‐based spinel oxides, realizing the transformation of binary spinel oxide from semiconductors to metalloids. As a result, such A5Fe2O4 nanosheets manifest excellent performance for the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) to ammonia (NH3), with a NH3 yield rate of ≈2.1 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.5 V versus Reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming other spinel‐based electrocatalysts. Systematic mechanism investigations reveal that the NO3−RR is mainly occurred on Fe sites, and introducing high‐entropy compositions in tetrahedral sites regulates the adsorption strength of N and O‐related intermediates on Fe for boosting the NO3−RR. The above findings offer a high‐entropy platform to regulate the bandgap and enhance the electrocatalytic performance of spinel oxides.
The Influence of Carbon on Polytype and Growth Stability of Epitaxial Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films
Authors: Sharma Sachin , Palisaitis Justinas , Ivanov Ivan G. , Persson Per O.Å. , Pedersen Henrik , Högberg Hans
Published: April 2024

Boron nitride (BN) is a promising 2D material as well as a potential wide‐bandgap semiconductor. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is commonly used to deposit single layers or thin films of BN, but the deposition process is insufficiently understood at an atomic scale. the CVD of BN is studied using two boron precursors, the organoboranes, triethylborane, and trimethylborane. Using high resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, this study shows that hexagonal‐BN (h‐BN) nucleates and grows epitaxially for ≈4 nm before it either polytype transforms to rhombohedral‐BN (r‐BN), turns to less ordered turbostratic‐BN or is terminated by a layer of amorphous carbon. this study proposes that the carbon in the organoboranes deposits on the epitaxially growing h‐BN surface and this either leads to the polytype transition to r‐BN, the transition to less ordered BN growth, or complete surface poisoning with carbon terminating BN growth. These results question the use of organoboranes in CVD of epitaxial BN films, and the polytype stability of h‐BN growing on graphene.
High Q Ultra‐Low Threshold Lasing in Conjugated Polymer Blend Microspheres Promoted by FRET
Authors: González Sierra Jorge , Martin‐Merinero Alejandro , Álvarez‐Conde Javier , Iglesias Vázquez Sergio , Cabanillas‐González Juan , Wannemacher Reinhold
Published: April 2024

Conjugated polymer (CP) based microspheres of very high definition and outstanding photonic and luminescent properties are prepared by a technique based on slow solvent‐controlled diffusion into micelles formed by the surfactant cetyl(trimethyl)ammonium bromide (CTAB). Poly[(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐alt‐(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol‐4,8‐diyl)] (F8BT) and mixtures of F8BT with poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2’‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene (MEH‐PPV) are used for this purpose. Microspheres with diameters between 1 and 10 µm are obtained and structural characterization by AFM and SEM demonstrate good sphericity and low surface roughness. Correspondingly, spontaneous emission of the spheres exhibits Mie resonances of high quality factor (Q > 1800), appropriately reproduced employing standard Mie theory. Upon pumping the microspheres with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm lasing at low threshold fluences (≈ 4 µJ cm−2) is obtained with instrumentally limited linewidths corresponding to Q > 18000. Lasing in microspheres composed of blends of both CPs coupled by Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET), on the other hand, is observed at extremely low threshold fluences down to ≈ 0.5 µJ cm−2. Spherical structures based on appropriate blends of CPs are therefore promising candidates in the search for low‐threshold organic microlasers excited by light‐emitting diodes or diode lasers or for ultrasensitive optical sensing.
A Universal Design Strategy Achieving Large Birefringence and Short Phase‐Matching Capability of Optical Materials via Dissimilating Non‐π‐Conjugated Units
Authors: Zhou Huan , Shu Shan , Tudi Abudukadi , Jin Wenqi , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: April 2024

Optical materials with non‐π‐conjugated units usually can exhibit large bandgaps, which are conducive to a wide ultraviolet (UV) transparency window. However, the relatively small structural anisotropy hinders the application of these materials as nonlinear optical (NLO) and birefringent materials. Herein, a universal strategy of dissimilating non‐π‐conjugated units is proposed to enhance birefringence, optimize phase‐matching (PM) wavelength, and maintain a large bandgap. The functionality of the series of hetero‐anionic units is distinguished in terms of optimizing birefringence and PM wavelength. In particular, the dimeric hetero‐anionic unit N(SO2F)2− with the dual‐heteroatom dissimilation is found to be a novel superior optical hereto‐gene. In addition, AN(SO2F)2 (A = Li, Na‐I, K‐I/II, H) and Ba(SO3CF3)2 are identified with large birefringence of approximately 0.051–0.106 at 546 nm, which are much larger than those of corresponding sulfates. HN(SO2F)2 exhibits a short PM wavelength (208 nm), a large NLO coefficient (≈ 2 × KDP), and an extremely short UV cutoff edge (149 nm). Experimental polarizing microscope measurement confirms that the birefringence of Pbca‐KN(SO2F)2 is significantly enhanced to 0.06 at 546.1 nm, which is 12 times higher than that of K2SO4. Finally, this strategy offers direction for the design and synthesis of novel NLO or birefringent materials in the future.
Efficient Near‐Infrared Fluorescence in Deuterated Host–Guest System for Near‐Infrared Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yu Qun , Tamura Yuika , Nakanotani Hajime , Mamada Masashi , Adachi Chihaya
Published: April 2024

Near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (NIR‐OLEDs) possess substantial potential for future valuable applications, such as a light source for sensing applications. However, the low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of NIR‐emitting molecules represents a significant impediment to these applications. In this study, the impact of the deuteration of both of host (mCP‐d20: 1,3‐Dicarbazole‐benzene‐d20) and guest (BBT‐TPA‐d28: 4,8‐bis[4‐(N,N‐diphenylamino)phenyl]benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole‐d28) on NIR PL properties in the host–guest codeposited film is reported. The 1 wt%‐BBT‐TPA‐d28:mCP‐d20 codeposited film exhibited PLQY of 15 ± 2% with an emission peak wavelength at ≈900 nm, which is about three times higher than that of the film composed of undeuterated molecules. Importantly, the deuteration of only the host or guest does not yield the PLQY up to 15%, underlining the importance of the deuteration of both host and guest molecules in suppressing nonradiative decay processes. The NIR‐OLED with the deuterated codeposited film as an emissive layer demonstrates a maximum external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 2.3 ± 0.2%.
Peptide Transporter 1‐Mediated Dipeptide Transport Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Activating MAP4K4/G3BP2 Signaling Axis
Authors: Song Feifeng , Zhang Zhentao , Liu Weifeng , Xu Tong , Hu Xiaoping , Wang Qiyue , Zhang Wanli , Ge Luqi , Zhang Chengwu , Hu Qing , Qin Hui , Zhang Song , Ren Xinxin , Fan Weijiao , Zhang Yiwen , Huang Ping
Published: April 2024

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To meet the rapid malignant growth and transformation, tumor cells dramatically increase the consumption of nutrients, such as amino acids. Peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), a key transporter for small peptides, has been found to be an effective and energy‐saving intracellular source of amino acids that are required for the growth of tumor cells. Here, the role of PEPT1 in HCC metastasis and its underlying mechanisms is explored. PEPT1 is upregulated in HCC cells and tissues, and high PEPT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. PEPT1 overexpression dramatically promoted HCC cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis, whereas its knockdown abolished these effects both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that high PEPT1 expression increased cellular dipeptides in HCC cells that are responsible for activating the MAP4K4/G3BP2 signaling pathway, ultimately facilitating the phosphorylation of G3BP2 at Thr227 and enhancing HCC metastasis. Taken together, these findings suggest that PEPT1 acts as an oncogene in promoting HCC metastasis through dipeptide‐induced MAP4K4/G3BP2 signaling and that the PEPT1/MAP4K4/G3BP2 axis can serve as a promising therapeutic target for metastatic HCC.
Apoptotic Bodies Derived from Fibroblast‐Like Cells in Subcutaneous Connective Tissue Inhibit Ferroptosis in Ischaemic Flaps via the miR‐339‐5p/KEAP1/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Yu Gaoxiang , Chen Yijie , Yang Ningning , Zhang Haojie , Zhang Xuzi , Geng Yibo , Zhao Jiayi , Chen Zhuliu , Dong Chengji , Lin Lidan , Qi Jianjun , Zhang Xuanlong , Jiang Xiaoqiong , Gao Weiyang , Cai Yuepiao , Wang Xiangyang , Ding Jian , Xiao Jian , Zhou Kailiang
Published: April 2024

Preventing and treating avascular necrosis at the distal end of the flaps are critical to surgery success, but current treatments are not ideal. A recent study shows that apoptotic bodies (ABs) generated near the site of apoptosis can be taken up and promote cell proliferation. The study reveals that ABs derived from fibroblast‐like cells in the subcutaneous connective tissue (FSCT cells) of skin flaps promoted ischaemic flap survival. It is also found that ABs inhibited cell death and oxidative stress and promoted M1‐to‐M2 polarization in macrophages. Transcriptome sequencing and protein level testing demonstrated that ABs promoted ischaemic flap survival in endothelial cells and macrophages by inhibiting ferroptosis via the KEAP1‐Nrf2 axis. Furthermore, microRNA (miR) sequencing data and in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ABs inhibited KEAP1 by delivering miR‐339‐5p to exert therapeutic effects. In conclusion, FSCT cell‐derived ABs inhibited ferroptosis, promoted the macrophage M1‐to‐M2 transition via the miR‐339‐5p/KEAP1/Nrf2 axis and promoted ischaemic flap survival. These results provide a potential therapeutic strategy to promote ischaemic flap survival by administering ABs.
Propofol Alleviates Anxiety‐Like Behaviors Associated with Pain by Inhibiting the Hyperactivity of PVNCRH Neurons via GABAA Receptor β3 Subunits
Authors: Yu Le , Zhu Xiaona , Peng Kang , Qin Huimin , Yang Kexin , Cai Fang , Hu Ji , Zhang Ye
Published: April 2024

Pain, a comorbidity of anxiety disorders, causes substantial clinical, social, and economic burdens. Emerging evidence suggests that propofol, the most commonly used general anesthetic, may regulate psychological disorders; however, its role in pain‐associated anxiety is not yet described. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a single dose of propofol (100 mg kg−1) in alleviating pain‐associated anxiety and examines the underlying neural mechanisms. In acute and chronic pain models, propofol decreased anxiety‐like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF) tests. Propofol also reduced the serum levels of stress‐related hormones including corticosterone, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH), and norepinephrine. Fiber photometry recordings indicated that the calcium signaling activity of CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVNCRH) is reduced after propofol treatment. Interestingly, artificially activating PVNCRH neurons through chemogenetics interfered with the anxiety‐reducing effects of propofol. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that propofol decreases the activity of PVNCRH neurons by increasing spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Further, reducing the levels of γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor β3 (GABAAβ3) subunits in PVNCRH neurons diminished the anxiety‐relieving effects of propofol. In conclusion, this study provides a mechanistic and preclinical rationale to treat pain‐associated anxiety‐like behaviors using a single dose of propofol.
Expanding the Palette of SWIR Emitting Nanoparticles Based on Au Nanoclusters for Single‐Particle Tracking Microscopy
Authors: Simon Apolline A. , Haye Lucie , Alhalabi Abdallah , Gresil Quentin , Muñoz Blanca Martín , Mornet Stéphane , Reisch Andreas , Le Guével Xavier , Cognet Laurent
Published: April 2024

Single‐molecule localization microscopy has proved promising to unravel the dynamics and molecular architecture of thin biological samples down to nanoscales. For applications in complex, thick biological tissues shifting single‐particle emission wavelengths to the shortwave infrared (SWIR also called NIR II) region between 900 to 2100 nm, where biological tissues are more transparent is key. To date, mainly single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enable such applications, but they are inherently 1D objects. Here, 0D ultra‐small luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs, <3 nm) and ≈25 nm AuNC‐loaded‐polymeric particles that can be detected at the single‐particle level in the SWIR are presented. Thanks to high brightness and excellent photostability, it is shown that the dynamics of the spherical polymeric particles can be followed at the single‐particle level in solution at video rates for minutes. We compared single particle tracking of AuNC‐loaded‐polymeric particles with that of SWCNT diffusing in agarose gels demonstrating the specificity and complementarity of diffusion properties of these SWIR‐emitting nano‐objects when exploring a complex environment. This extends the library of photostable SWIR emitting nanomaterials to 0D nano‐objects of variable size for single‐molecule localization microscopy in the second biological window, opening unprecedented possibilities for mapping the structure and dynamics of complex biological systems.
Investigating Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Idiopathic Short Stature: Targeting siRNA and Growth Hormone Delivery to the Growth Plate Using Exosome Nanoparticles
Authors: Yuan Jinghong , Wang Yameng , Huang Yanzhe , Li Shengqin , Zhang Xiaowen , Wu Zhiwen , Zhao Wenrui , Zhu Junchao , Zhang Junqiu , Huang Guowen , Yu Peng , Cheng Xigao , Wang Xinhui , Liu Xijuan , Jia Jingyu
Published: April 2024

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a common childhood condition with largely unknown underlying causes. Recent research highlights the role of circulating exosomes in the pathogenesis of various disorders, but their connection to ISS remains unexplored. In the experiments, human chondrocytes are cocultured with plasma exosomes from ISS patients, leading to impaired chondrocyte growth and bone formation. Elevated levels of a specific long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), ISSRL, are identified as a distinguishing factor in ISS, boasting high specificity and sensitivity. Silencing ISSRL in ISS plasma exosomes reverses the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and bone formation. Conversely, overexpression of ISSRL in chondrocytes impedes their growth and bone formation, revealing its mechanism of action through the miR‐877‐3p/GZMB axis. Subsequently, exosomes (CT‐Exo‐siISSRL‐oeGH) with precise cartilage‐targeting abilities are engineered, loaded with customized siRNA for ISSRL and growth hormone. This innovative approach offers a therapeutic strategy to address ISS by rectifying abnormal non‐coding RNA expression in growth plate cartilage and delivering growth hormone with precision to promote bone growth. This research provides valuable insights into ISS diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the potential of engineered exosomes.