bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Яскравий сплав фізики та математики
Authors: Славін Віктор Валерійович , Щербина Марія Володимирівна
Published: September 2022

21 серпня виповнюється 85 років видатному математику, лауреату Державної премії УРСР в галузі науки і техніки (1986), заслуженому діячеві науки і техніки України (2019), лауреату іменних премій НАН України: імені М.М. Боголюбова (2002) та імені М.В. Остроградського (2009), головному науковому співробітнику відділу теоретичної фізики Фізико-технічного інституту низьких температур ім. Б.І. Вєркіна НАН України, доктору фізико-математичних наук (1976), професору (1989), академіку НАН України (1990) Леоніду Андрійовичу Пастуру.
Isolated Altered Mental Status in Children With Minor Blunt Head Trauma
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Heidt Rachel , Wang Caroline , Tancredi Daniel , Kuppermann Nathan
Published: September 2022

Traumatic brain injuries are uncommon in children with isolated Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 or other isolated minor signs of altered mental status (AMS).
Cross-sectional Study of Percutaneous Intervention in the Elderly in Malaysia: PIELD Study
Authors: Palaniappan Ganapathi , Sundran Rhuban M , Ashari Afif , Jalaluddin Mohd Saad , Haroon Afrah Yousif , Stanislaus Rohith , Tey Yee Sin , Hamid Ahmad Farhan Abdul , Lee Tjen Jhung , Yahaya Shaiful Azmi , Kandasamy Balachandran , Zaina Zulaikha
Published: September 2022

Background: Worldwide, people are living longer. Most trials do not include elderly patients. Studies in the elderly are primarily subgroup analyses of major trials. Methods: This study investigated the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the elderly (age ≥70 years). The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during the periprocedural period (up to 30 days) and 1 year after PCI. We also investigated the relationship between baseline characteristics and these cardiovascular outcomes. All elderly patients enrolled in the study underwent either urgent or elective PCI between 2007 and 2016. Data were obtained from electronic medical records. Patients (n=3,659) were divided into three groups: early-elderly (age 70–74 years, n=2,316), mid-elderly (age 75–79 years, n=1,037) and late-elderly (age ≥80 years, n=306). Results: All-cause mortality and MACE 30 days after PCI were significantly higher in the late-elderly group. One year after PCI, all-cause mortality remained highest in the late-elderly group, but MACE was highest in the mid-elderly group. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that survival probability 1 year after PCI was highest in early-elderly (92.0%), followed by mid-elderly (88.9%), and lowest in late-elderly group (84.9%). Conclusion: Immediate outcomes (30 days) after PCI, in terms of both MACE and all-cause mortality, favour patients without chronic renal failure undergoing PCI in an elective setting. Mid-term outcomes (1 year) after PCI, in terms of all-cause mortality, favour patients without chronic heart failure or renal failure. In conclusion, revascularisation via PCI is safe, with acceptable short- (30 days) and mid-term (1 year) outcomes, in the elderly population.
Exchange rate regime in a crisis: The case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Samedova Elnara , Mamedova Sevda , Aliyeva Mehriban , Samadova Mehriban , Kashiyeva Leman
Published: September 2022

This study aims to substantiate the practicality of establishing a fixed exchange rate (FER) under external shocks to the Azerbaijani economy. Using regression analysis, principal component analysis, and the Granger causality test, we substantiated the inexpediency of a fixed FER for the manat (the national currency) due to: the ineffective fiscal and monetary policy of the state, weak integration into the U.S. economy, distrust of the manat in the population, and the weakness of currency hedging. Artificial retention of a FER will lead to devaluation and chronic economic recession (inflation growth, a decrease in real incomes of the population, a reduction of GDP per capita, and an increase in unemployment). It is substantiated that an increase in public confidence in the national currency should become the basis for the transition to a floating exchange rate (FER) for the manat as it will help to get the actual value of the manat.
Information disclosure and bank risk-taking: Empirical evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Manh Pham Hung , Nguyen Minh Nhat
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the impact of information disclosure and transparency on Vietnamese banks’ risk-taking by using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach with panel data of 28 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2007 to 2019. A notable new contribution of the study is authors constructed a disclosure index for Vietnamese banks and evaluate the impact of bank transparency on bank risk-taking through this index. Research results show that the more transparent and complete information a Vietnamese commercial bank discloses, the safer the bank is. Furthermore, the findings indicate that implementing Basel II improves the influence of transparency and information disclosure on commercial banks' Z-scores substantially.
Fully spherical 3D datasets on sedimentary particles: Fast measurement and evaluation
Authors: Fehér Eszter , Havasi-Tóth Balázs , Ludmány Balázs
Published: September 2022

Recently it became increasingly evident that the statistical distributions of size and shape descriptors of sedimentary particles reveal crucial information on their evolution and may even carry the fingerprints of their provenance as fragments. However, to unlock this trove of information, measurement of traditional geophysical shape descriptors (mostly detectable on 2D projections) is not sufficient; fully spherical 3D imaging and mathematical algorithms suitable to extract new types of inherently 3D shape descriptors are necessary. Available 3D imaging technologies force users to choose either speed or full sphericity. Only partial morphological information can be extracted in the absence of the latter (e.g., LIDAR imaging). In the case of fully spherical imaging, speed was proved to be prohibitive for obtaining meaningful statistical samples, and inherently 3D shape descriptors were not extracted. Here we present a new method by complementing a commercial, portable 3D scanner with simple hardware to quickly obtain fully spherical 3D datasets from large collections of sedimentary particles. We also present software for the automated extraction of 3D shapes and automated measurement of inherently 3D-shape properties. This technique allows for examining large samples without the need for transportation or storage of the samples, and it may also facilitate the collaboration of geographically distant research groups. We validated our software on a large sample of pebbles by comparing previously hand-measured parameters with the results of automated shape analysis. We also tested our hardware and software tools on a large pebble sample in Kawakawa Bay, New Zealand.
KOMPOSISI KIMIA IKAN GULAMAH (Pseudocienna Amovensis) ASIN KERING DENGAN PERBEDAAN KADAR GARAM
Authors: Sirait Jaulim , Sipahutar Yuliati H , Yuniarti Tatty , Maulani Aghitia , Bertiantono Anugrah
Published: September 2022

Ikan asin adalah hasil pengawetan ikan dengan menambahkan garam yang dilanjutkan pengeringan, untuk memperpanjang umur simpan serta membuat aroma, tekstur dan rasa yang khas. Ikan Gulamah (Pseudocienna amovensis) adalah salah satu hasil tangkapan nelayan di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang,yang dijadikan bahan baku untuk membuat ikan asin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik kimia ikan Gulamah asin dengan perbedaan kadar garam 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan analisis ANOVA, dilanjutkan  dengan uji Tukey bila ada yang berbeda. Hasil analisis kimia ikan Gulamah asin dengan penambahan kadar garam 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%, menghasilkan kadar air 32,45%; 26,60%; 24,35%; 21,82%, kadar abu 10,21%; 9,65%; 10,11%; 9,19%, kadar lemak 6,88%; 7,65%; 9,34%; 10,81%, kadar protein 39,56%; 45,18%; 51, 61%, 55,26% dan kadar garam 8,12%; 13,22%; 15,17%; 18,64%. Uji kimia menunjukkan bahwa kadar garam yang ditambahkan hasilnya berbeda nyata pada kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein dan kadar garam, namun tidak berbeda nyata pada kadar abu. Semakin banyak kadar garam ditambahkan membuat kadar air semakin menurun dan semakin bertambah naik kadar lemak dan protein.
Dynamic Process for Enhancing Engineering Faculty Competence in India
Authors:   National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chennai, Vedhathiri Thanikachalam
Published: September 2022

Abstract : Indian engineering colleges need more qualified faculty, since, thousands of engineering colleges have been approved by AICTE with teachers who possess only bachelor's degrees without any experience in curriculum design, instructional design, evaluation, and industrial training. Many of them were not exposed to advanced industrial design and advanced manufacturing practices. This has resulted in the unemployment of about 70% of the graduates. This paper focuses on the systematic planning, and implementing appropriate faculty development programs not only for the fresh graduate teachers but also the senior faculty members through various longterm programs, short-term courses, industrial training, research works, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) under SWAYAM, and training through specialized overseas courses that are implemented by Ministry of Education. National Institutes of Technical Teachers Training are offering MOOCs in various areas of engineering education. Continuous process development has been suggested. The engineering colleges could reimburse facultymembers on the cost of training under MOOCs which are offered by edX, COURSERA, etc. Further, the colleges should organize faculty development programs in collaboration with the well-known global universities and Research & Development Centers of Multinational Companies (MNCs) which are functioning here. Such a dynamic initiative will bring excellence in the knowledge capital. The government can assist professional associations to plan industryrelevant workshops. Considering the difficulties in getting admission for thousands of faculty members in Quality Improvement Programs (QIP), alternate, hybrid and flexible programs are suggested. The significant outcomes of these initiatives are: i) It increased the skills and competencies of the faculty members and students; ii) The graduates have become be industry-ready; iii) Many regions have come industrially competitive, iv) The new initiatives like Pandit Madan Mohan Malavia National Mission on Teachers and Teaching (PMMMNMTT) and MOOCs have improved the faculty competencies in hundreds of colleges; v) Global Initiative for Academic Networks (GIAN) have increased interdisciplinary research capability of the faculty members; vi) The overall outcomes of these initiatives have improved the engineering curriculum, attributes of the graduates and interdisciplinary research. It is suggested to undertake further research on the finetuning of the curricula to meet the challenges of Industry-4.0 Keywords: Faculty Competence, Dynamic Process, QIP, Summer Schools, Webinars, MOOCs.
Project-based Laboratory Assignments to Support Digital Transformation of Education in Turkmenistan
Authors:   Rector, State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan, Bayramhan str. 62, Mary, Turkmenistan, Nazarov Serdar , Jumayev Bayram ,   Head of the department, State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan, Bayramhan str. 62, Mary, Turkmenistan
Published: September 2022

Abstract: On 30th of November, 2018, by the Decree of the Esteemed President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedov, there was accepted a Conception of developing digital economy in Turkmenistan in between 2019-2025. Moreover, on 15th of September, 2017, the Conception of developing digital education in Turkmenistan was approved as well. That is why, new, innovative methodologies and digital solutions are continuously being introduced to the educational system of Turkmenistan. Teaching and training undergraduate students, studying in the field of automation and control engineering, is a tough issue. Because, nowadays, for automation engineer, knowing physics, mathematics, theory of automation and electronics is not enough, moreover, they should also know basics of smart systems, if necessary, programming a microcontroller and methods of using necessary sensors when designing smart systems. In this regards, this paper provides useful information about the steps and key points of integrating digital solutions a n d mi c r o c o n t r o l l e r - b a s e d e d u c a t i o n a l methodologies into the undergraduate educational system of Turkmenistan. Moreover, the effect of the proposed method of teaching and appropriateness of the laboratory assignments were also analysed at the end of the course. As a microcontroller board, “Ardunio UNO” was selected as it is easy-to-learn. Keywords: smart systems, engineering courses, “Arduino UNO” board, methodology of achieving course objectives, Bloom's taxonomy
A Study Report on Teaching Skills to Speech and Hearing-Impaired Students in Higher Education Sector
Authors:   Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626 126, Thangarasu S. , Karthigadevi K. ,   Department of Computer Applications, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626 126
Published: September 2022

Abstract : It is vital to offer appropriate education and guidance to speech and hearing-impaired (SHIP) students. It is necessary for their successful life. The usage of modern technology will give a better solution for the speech and hearing-impaired students. The main goal of this research study is to apply the updated technologies to the SHIP students in higher education. In this paper, we have summarized the teaching approaches for speech and hearing-impaired students. Establishing a good communication channel between teachers and special students is essential for effective teaching and learning method. Here, Expectation for more findings and submissions has been produced to attain their goal. Keywords : Speech and hearing-impaired persons (SHIP), Teaching and learning, Technology effectiveness, Education
Integrating IR4.0 Technology in Engineering Education: Robotic Arm Remote Lab
Authors:   School of Engineering, UOW Malaysia KDU University College Jalan Kontraktor U1/14, Seksyen U1, Glenpark U1 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Jiehan Teoh , Yee Tee Chee ,   ., Zadhy Hamna , Diallo Aminatta Mohamed , Vickraman Merwin , Royan Nishata Royan Rajendran
Published: September 2022

The education sector, in general, is constantly trying to integrate the current fourth industrial revolution known as Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) into its curriculum. In efforts to do that, this capstone project was assigned to a group of students doing their Bachelor's in Engineering to effectively create and design a virtual or remote lab that would further help students everywhere to be more engaged and involved in the learning process. In this regard, this paper introduces the initiative being carried out by the UOW Malaysia KDU University College (UOWMKDU) to implement IR 4.0 in various modules being taught, in terms of projects or assignments. Therefore, a remote lab was created based on the learning outcomes of a subject available in the module. The lab includes a robotic arm manipulated through an established interface developer Blynk, being simultaneously observed through a website built by a student in the School of Engineering, UOWMKDU. The movement of therobotic arm is viewed through the website by incorporating an inexpensive camera chip into the design. Also, this paper discusses the advantages of using those components, in-depth information regarding the components and their usage, and a detailed methodology that could be used as a guideline for future students interested in creating their robotic arm. It highlights the objectives of the lab, procedures, and challenges that were faced during the period of assembling the prototype and how those challenges were overcome to produce a wellfunctioning robotic arm. Keywords : education sector; IR4.0; remote lab; robotic arm; virtual lab
The Influence of Multidisciplinary Factor on the Technical Universities' Positions in International Rankings
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia, Sobolev Leonid
Published: September 2022

Abstract : The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of world-class technical universities (TUs) ranks in the International Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranking 2021. The top-100 of QS-2021 includes only one Russian TUs, and there are no TUs of large industrial countries such as India and Brazil. Many Russian TUs were founded in the 30s of the last century, were related to certain industry ministries and have retained their narrow orientation up to the present time. However, the manufacturing of modern high-tech products (aircraft, robotics, electronics, medical equipment etc.) requires engineers to have knowledge from various fields of science (multidisciplinarity), supported by profound int erd isc iplina ry r esea rches. In add it ion, multidisciplinary TUs provide the opportunity for students to change their specialty or adjust it during their undergraduate and graduate studies. The analysis showed that leading positions in international rankings are occupied by multidisciplinary research TUs that conduct training and interdisciplinary research at the intersection of various scientificactivities. This study can be useful not only for Russia, but also for the transformation of TUs in other countries. Keywords: multidisciplinary, technical university (TU) , en g i n e e r in g s p e c i a l t i e s , t r a i n i n g , transformation
Factors Influencing Technopreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Engineering Students in the Philippines
Authors:   ., Belmonte Zachariah John Aviles , Cruz Carl Sebastian C , Castro Prince  Adriel P De , Estoesta Lexter A , Mitra Elijah John A. , R Lira Pamela Eyre Victoria
Published: September 2022

Abstract : In the Philippines, students exhibit a low interest in entrepreneurship despite numerous programs implemented and mandated by the government. The emergence of technopreneurship is now confronted by several issues, mainly in developing competent and versatile technopreneurs. Until now, there are inadequate studies related to technopreneurship specifically those dealing with technopreneurial intention among engineering students. This study aims to determine the factors associated with technopreneurial intention. Simple random sampling was used to collect necessary data from 200 undergraduate engineering students from selected universities in the Philippines. Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used to test the hypotheses and examine the relationship between independent and dependent variable respectively. The findings revealed that among the five identified factors, only Comput er Abi l ity, Access to Capi tal , and Entrepreneurial Experience have a significant and p o s i t i v e e f f e c t o n i n t e n t i o n t ow a r d s technopreneurship Keywords : Computer Ability; Entrepreneurial Experience; Entrepreneurial Orientation; Internet Ability; Technopreneurial Intention
Team Teaching: A Blended Learning Tool in Engineering Mathematics
Authors:   Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh (India)., Sharma S. R.
Published: September 2022

Abstract: In this article we discussed the effects of team teaching (TT) as a blended learning tool in teaching of course Engineering Mathematics, offered to students, bachelor of Engineering in Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh. A case study discussed here for 8 sections (appx.420 students) taught by teachers. Distribution of topics among team members and how we implemented TT as a blended learning tool is discussed here using tables and diagrams. Analysis of TT presented here by means of its merits and demerits. Statistical analysis of improvements in various parameters have also presented here. Key Words: Team Teaching, Blended learning, Engineering Mathematics, Learning process.
Peer-Observation: An Intensive Study and its Impact On the Teaching-Learning Process
Authors:   Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India, Rawat Devendra , Salankar Nilima ,   Associate Professor, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, India, Kapoor Monit ,   Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Published: September 2022

Abstract : Peer observation in teaching-learning significantly impacts students' learning and understanding experience. It improves the quality of the content delivery by the instructor and provides the learning opportunity to observer also. It is threefold learning from all perspectives. Thus, it is a collaborative idea sharing and achieving excellence by incorporating the best of others. Authors have experimented with the peer observation and feedback strategy to improve students' academic performance and overall teaching cum teaching experience. One semester activity has been conducted to conclude the significance of the study with the help of z and t statistics parameters with alpha value 0.05. Different peer observations are taken into consideration and incorporated to improvise the teaching-learning experience of facilitator and student. As a result, it has been found very helpful and impactful on the students' performance and the development of an instructor's teaching style. Peer observation helps explore thedifferent approaches that help adapt to future challenges in anagogical instructional approaches. Keywords : peer observation, self-reflection, higher education, academic practices, teaching-learning process.
A review of The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. 2021. Edited by Andrea L. Beres-Kroeker, Bradley McDonnell, Eve Coller, and Lauren B. Collister. Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN 97802262045261.i–xiv. 671pp
Authors: Smith Alexander D
Published: September 2022

As the field of linguistics becomes more dependent on data and access to data, linguists face the task of improving their data management practices to meet the demands of a growing open data movement. The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management (The Handbook) positions itself as a primary resource for linguists to improve data management. This article offers a review of The Handbook, which is praised for giving a foundational description of issues in data management facing our field as well as best practices for data management. Some criticisms of content choice and additional suggestions for data management improvements are also provided.
Russian Classics about the Orthodox Empire as an Ideal Form of State Organization for Russia
Authors:   А. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andreeva Valeria G.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the views of Russian classics on the Orthodox empire, proves the deep understanding of the term ‘statehood’ by the writers and poets. Much attention is paid by the author of the article to the problem of the harmonious balance between law and mercy. In Russia the sovereign was treated not as a person who established rules and could violate justice, but as the highest judge on earth, who had the opportunity to act not according to the law but according to a special mercy. The paper provides the view of modern lawyers on the principle of mercy in Russian law. The absence of legislative enshrinement of this principle is regarded by the author of the article as the preservation in today's Russia of the proportions between the legal formalization of norms and the existing Orthodox covenants and holy traditions. The paper indicates an inaccurate understanding of the views of many writers on the figure of the emperor. Science has not completely refuted the myths about Pushkin as an opponent of autocracy and a supporter of democratic freedoms or Nekrasov as a revolutionary-minded poet, created in the Soviet era but still supported by some researchers. A comparison of Tolstoy’s fiction works and his non-fiction writings shows the writer's ambivalent attitude toward the highest authority. However, Tolstoy condemns not the very organization of power structures, but rather the arbitrariness encouraged by people at the local level, who do not cope with their duties and welter in vice. In the literary worlds of Tolstoy, the idea of ​​the only way to correct injustices committed at the state level is associated with the image of the emperor. Using a number of examples, the article proves that, with a deep vision of the problems of public life, faults and errors of officials at various levels, our classics realized the value of a single strong centralized power of the sovereign.
The Language of the Value Component of the Black Lives Matter Concept
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Zhemchuzhnikova Anastasiia K.
Published: September 2022

In recent years, racial issues have increasingly attracted attention in the American society. A vivid illustration of that is the emergence of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) social movement in 2013 as a hashtag in social networks, coming to the forefront in 2014-2015 in Ferguson, and gaining skyrocketing worldwide popularity in 2020 after George Floyd’s murder by a white officer. The role of racial issues in the modern American system of values ​​cannot but be reflected in the language, due to the fact that the race is perceived as a special axiological concept in the Anglophone worldview. The investigated BLM concept can be defined as a certain kind of a value-based concept related to the national, ethnic characteristics. The structure of the BLM value-based concept is analyzed in the research through the analysis of characteristic features of the BLM social and political movement reflected in its semantics, taking into consideration the participants of this movement, their ideas, objectives and activities. Lexico-semantic analysis of the BLM concept structure made it possible to conclude that the activity of the participants has the ultimate target of implementing certain changes in the existing social structure aimed at protecting and promoting certain values. The research identifies a list of value-based subconcepts within the structure of the BLM concept and analyzes their linguistic representation. These include concepts such as life, justice, equality, nonviolence, most frequently referred to and forming the core of the BLM concept. Moreover, the article analyzes anti-values, which represent in the language the social problems the BLM movement is fighting against. The research makes a conclusion about the complex and multi-level nature of the investigated BLM concept as a unit that shapes the value component of the American linguistic culture worldview.
Transcultural Transformation of Onomastic Metaphor and Metonymy in Humoristic Discourse
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Xinyun Kang , Kushnina Lyudmila V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses the problem of transcultural transformation of onomastic metaphor in Russian-Chinese humorous discourse in the light of the synergetic concept of translation space, which serves as the methodological basis of the study. The works of Russian Sinologists and Chinese onomasticians were also used as a theoretical basis for the study. The authors of the paper rely on the idea that in discursive metaphorical field, they are charactonyms having a unique cultural and value potential, that act as the linguistic embodiment of the onomastic metaphor. Onomastic metonymy is also embodied in discursive space. The combined study of both allows us to enhance the understanding of the onomastic metaphor as a motivated anthroponym and the onomastic metonymy as an anthroponym-derived nomination. To date, there is no consensus among scientists about the translation of onyms, including onomastic metaphonyms, into Chinese, which can lead to translation inconsistencies caused by misunderstanding of the author's intentions expressed by charactonyms, and, as a result, to weakening or disappearance of the humorous effect of the translated work. The process of transcultural transformation of onomastic metaphor and onomastic metonymy takes place in the translation space and can unfold in two directions. In the case of a positive development vector in the translation space, there is a synergistic increment of new metaphorical meanings, expanding the metaphorical and metonymic space of the anthroponym, which we consider to be a manifestation of remetaphorization / remetonymization characteristic of harmonious translation. In the case of a negative vector of development, the metaphorical and metonymic space of the anthroponym narrows, there takes place demetaphorization / demetonymization, which means the emergence of disharmonious translation, weakening the humorous effect of the translated discourse. The material for the analysis in the present study was the humorous story by A. P. Chekhov The Order and its translation into Chinese. As a result of the study, it has been found that during translation, a transcultural transformation of the original onomastic model takes place, which acquires both positive and negative character. In the case of a positive character, there is a harmonious translation with the recreation of the humorous effect of the original.
Language Representation of the Speaker’s Average Level of Professionalism in a Biographical Interview (Based on the English Language)
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Tislenkova Irina A.
Published: September 2022

The research is focused on identification of the language markers functioning in English oral spontaneous speech that correlate with the average level of professional knowledge in representatives of humanitarian professions and that may be detected by the recruitment commission during the employee selection process. The purpose of the study is to identify these speech signs, conduct their sociolinguistic analysis, and systematize them according to such parameters as syntax, vocabulary, grammar, speech strategy, type of speech culture, and etiquette. The research material is composed of modern video interviews with representatives of creative professions from English-language talk shows and television programs. Methodologically, the study is based on sociolinguistic categories method of Professor T. A. Ivushkina, as well as the methods of description, generalization, and interpretation. As a result of the study, the author has detected such speech markers of the middle level professionals as the predominance of complex sentences having a broken syntactic structure, an abundance of enumerations, clichéd media assertions, pseudo-connecting and discursive words, comparisons expressed by verbal and adjective metaphor, phrasal verbs with metaphorical meanings, speakers’ preference for nominative adjectives, sporadic use of abstract nouns, avoiding the usage of foreign words, phraseological units, terminology, pun, and irony. The speech strategy is characterized by softened unobtrusive modulation, hesitation, a large number of empty words and the lack of independence in judgments, double understatement in speakers’ remarks about themselves. The main type of speech is the literary-colloquial type of speech culture, the habit of dialogical communication.
Expressiveness of UNESCO Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage Sites
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Shutemova Natalia V.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with expressiveness as a genre characteristic of Statements of Outstanding Universal Value (SOUV) of World Heritage Sites, which is one of the major documents accompanying the famous project of UNESCO. The stylistic analysis of the corpus of SOUVs, available at the UNESCO website, has revealed that expressiveness of the documents under consideration is determined by their communicative tasks, which consist in informing the international community about the existence of unique objects, in describing their properties and convincing the target group of their high universal value. The study has shown that the main expressive means in the documents are epithets, which have been classified depending on their contextual semantics into epithets that characterize the uniqueness, significance, and aesthetics of the sites. The dominant expressive means have been identified, including ‘outstanding’ and ‘unique’ in the first group, ‘universal’, ‘significant’, ‘important’ in the second one, ‘beauty’ and ‘beautiful’ in the third group. Their contextual synonyms have been identified along with the means that actualize the semantics of the core expressive lexicon in the documents. The main technique that accentuates the semantics of expressive lexical units is recurrency. It is used both within a single document and across the entire corpus of statements. The main functions of recurrency include informing and convincing the target group. Recurrency serves as a means of representing the universal outstanding value of World Heritage Sites. Moreover, this technique has been found to determine the process of standardizing the SOUVs’ expressiveness, creating a combination of expressiveness and standard characteristic of this documentation. In addition, the recurrency of expressive vocabulary contributes to the coherence of documents in the single corpus of SOUVs.
Handicraft versus Chivalry: Town Community and Historical Progress in the Later Novels of Walter Scott
Authors:   Perm State University, Proskurnin Boris M.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to two novels by Walter Scott in which the writer demonstrates his vision of the late Middle Ages having taken France and Scotland as bright examples. In these works, Scott, both at the level of the general concept, which reflects his understanding of historical progress, and at the level of the images of the novels and their narratives, reconstructs socio-political and moral-psychological role of the standoff between chivalry and town communities in the dynamic of the time. The novels convincingly show the peculiarity of the late stage of Scott’s creative work, when the narrative importance of the love-adventure knot in the plot increases, as does the role of real historical figures. In the after 1819 Scott’s novel, more obvious is the writer’s desire to embody his understanding of historical laws, based on a mixture of conservative and progressive assessments of the dynamics of history. He does it with the help of both the narrator’s comments and digressions, often constructed as a talk between a historian, an expert in the times under analysis, and a reader, and the central images of the novels. For the ideological and artistic wholeness of the works, the collective images of Liege and Perth, presented by means of a ‘general plan’ and bright individualized images of citizens, are fundamentally important. Colourful and at the same time super important for the historisophical idea of the novels are the images of the ‘outgoing class’ – chivalry: in each of them, the degree of ‘falling out’ of the dynamics of history is emphasized and becomes character-forming. At the same time, the article accentuates, especially in The Fair Maid of Perth, the author’s idea of changing not only economic but also moral leader in the late Middle Ages: the defining role is gradually passed on to the townspeople. In this respect, the image of Catharine Glover, the titular heroine, acts in the novel as the writer’s ‘Reasoner’. The article also traces the nature of the coexistence of romantic and adventurous (in relation to the novel about Perth – romantic and Gothic) and socio-psychological principles of creating the ‘image of the era’.
Artistic Embodiment of Unitarian Religious Principles in the Literary Works of Elizabeth Gaskell
Authors:   Perm State University, Firstova Maria Yu.
Published: September 2022

The paper deals with the origins and major principles of the Unitarian religion that began to spread in Great Britain in the 18th century. The author aims to reveal the impact of the ethics of this Non-conformist (Dissent) Christian religious thought on the literary works of Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865), whose family background was largely Unitarian. The study shows the way that ethical principles of the Unitarian doctrine influence the problem-theme facet of her novels, which is evident in the artistic interpretation of the idea of strengthening the role of women in the Victorian society, in the author’s new approach to the solution to ‘the fallen woman’ problem, based on the possibility to atone for the sin through the service to the good of people and maternal love. The article focuses on the artistic depiction of the evil nature of a lie, the ideas of pacifism, religious tolerance, social justice, and resolution of social problems on the basis of the Christian idea of mutual dependence of humans, as presented in the novels written by Gaskell. The characters of her works, being new for Victorian literature, are also developed on the moral principles of Unitarianism. They are a socially active young woman from the middle class whose efforts are aimed at the resolution of the social conflict and a church minister (a dissenter) suffering from religious or moral doubts. The latter circumstance determines the shift from the depiction of the external social conflict to the internal one, which results in the in-depth psychological insight into the character in Gaskell’s narration. Particular attention is also given to the artistic interpretation of the key Unitarian idea of moral development and perfection of humans and continuous social progress in the novels Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Sylvia’s Lovers (1863).
Types of Combined Syntactic Repetitions (Based on the Texts of Russian-Language Writers of Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Marina Olga V. , Toktubayeva Assel Zh. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University
Published: September 2022

In the literature devoted to types of repetitions, one can find research on so called ‘combined repetition’. However, linguistic works that deal with syntactic techniques, imagery means, means of linking in a sentence and text do not provide description of combinations consisting of two or more types of repetitions. In our opinion, solution to this issue depends on the basis of the study. The syntactic-stylistic approach makes it possible to identify the following combinations of syntactic repetitions: parallelism and frame repetition; parallelism and anaphora; parallelism and catch-up. In addition to a combination of two types of repetitions, the paper describes combinations of three types of repetitions: parallelism, anaphora, parcellation; parallelism, anaphora, paragraph. The identified versions of combination allowed us to conclude that one of the types of repetitions is parallelism. The connection between various syntactic repetitions was studied both at the level of the complex syntactic whole, constructions with another person’s speech and at the level of a paragraph, despite the fact that a paragraph can be considered both as a syntactic and a compositional-stylistic unit. The paper outlines directions for the study of combined repetitions. Apart from describing combinations within one level, it is necessary to carry out research at the junction of several levels of the language. This will make it possible to identify new variants of interaction of units belonging to different levels, possibly those not previously presented in theoretical works. This is the main line for further research. In addition, the use of various factual materials, namely literary texts, characterized by a variety of grammatical structures, will make it possible to identify new combinations of repetitions.
On the Study of Nonstandard Mineral Vocabulary: the Names of Crystals
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Zhuzhgov Sergey V.
Published: September 2022

The article discusses nonstandard gemstone names – the names of precious stones that do not belong to the official international mineralogical terminology. In Russian linguistics, this lexical group remains understudied. The paper reflects on the ideographic specifics of nonstandard gemstone names. It deals with the names of crystals used in the Middle Urals – in dialectal speech as well as in the language of stonecutters, gemstone hunters, and amateur minerologists. This territory was chosen for the research as it has a rich tradition of mineral recovery and carving. The lexical units analyzed in the article denote crystal minerals. A large part of the names was collected in expeditions with the author’s participation. The article attempts to create an ideographic classification of the names of crystals. The whole array of the lexical material was divided into 7 basic thematic groups: “Color characteristics of crystals,” “Specifics of crystal growth and formation types,” “Crystal inclusions,” “Crystal size,” “The parts of crystals,” “Processes inside crystals”, “Characterization of the quality and preciousness of crystals.” For some lexemes, the author comments on their semantics, motivation, grammatical and sometimes ethnolinguistic and sociolinguistic features. The research determines the rate of occurrence (based on the number of lexemes used within a particular group) for each thematic group and analyzes the reasons for differences in the rate.
The Conflict in Ivan Vyrypaev’s Dramaturgy
Authors:   Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University, Abasheva Marina P. , Spirina Kristina S. ,   Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the specific features of the dramatic conflict in the plays of the modern playwright, director, actor Ivan Vyrypaev (born in 1974), who works in Russia and Poland. We explore the nature of the conflict in his plays written in the 2010s (Iranian Conference (2017), Disquiet (2018) and others). In that period, new tendencies in the development of the dramatic conflict appeared in Vyrypaev’s works, with the conflict being based on the clash not between characters, as before, but between discourses: currently relevant ideas, statements, the rules and attitudes behind them determined by public moods. This strategy clearly reflects the author’s position: the playwright understands his text as an opportunity to represent discourse, as he has often mentioned in his interviews. The material of the study determined the research methodology: the discursive nature of Vyrypaev’s drama is analyzed using the ideas and methods of discourse analysis developed by Michel Foucault, Teun van Dijk, etc. In the course of research, we analyzed Vyrypaev's play Closed Study. New Constructive Ethics (2021) in detail. The analysis has shown that the conflict in the play develops consistently: from the representation of currently relevant discourses to their dramatic collision. Further, the very reliability of discourses, of their boundaries is problematized through the construction of double communication: communication is built not only between the characters on stage but also between the author and the audience. In Closed Research. New Constructive Ethics, currently relevant discourses of the ‘new ethics’ are deconstructed. The audience sees on stage a conflict imperceptible to the characters, formed both by the contradiction between discourses and by the viewer’s knowledge of the characters’ off-stage life circumstances. Understanding the discursive nature of the conflict in Vyrypaev’s plays expands the existing understanding of the Russian ‘new drama’ as a whole.
TAKING LEGAL AID TO THE PEOPLE: UNLEASHING LOCAL POTENTIAL IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Hennie van As
Published: September 2022

Two of the principal elements necessary for the establishment, maintenance and expansion of legal aid services are funding and the political will to provide the services. As far as criminal legal aid is concerned, it is clear that the will exists and the levels of funding have increased steadily over the past few years. Civil legal aid is, however, almost non-existent and it is here that the greatest need lies. South Africa being a developing country with other pressing needs, it is unrealistic to expect any drastic state-sponsored intervention any time soon. It therefore becomes imperative that innovative measures to meet the demand for basic civil legal aid, using existing resources such as members of the legal profession, students, the university law clinic and the ward committee system, should be investigated with a view to implementing at least a pilot scheme.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENCES IN UNFAIR DISCRIMINATION CASES (PART 1)
Authors: Jonathan Partington  , Adriaan van der Walt
Published: September 2022

All anti-discrimination legislation that applies in the employment context contains defences to or justifications for discrimination. In South Africa, the defences available against a discrimination claim in the employment context are contained in the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998. The Employment Equity Act gives only a basic structure of a prohibition on unfair discrimination. It is left to our courts to give content to and develop discrimination law. It is within this context that the Employment Equity Act expressly mentions“affirmative action consistent with the purpose” of the Employment Equity Act and “an inherent requirement of a job” as two specific exceptions to the right to equal treatment. The Employment Equity Act does not, however, state these exceptions to be a numerus clausus. It has been questioned whether there may, in addition to the statutory exceptions, be a residual “general fairness” defence to a claim of unfair discrimination.The Employment Equity Act is silent on a definition of the meaning and limits of these defences. A discussion of the development of the defences ensues, which leads to the conclusion that any possible derogations from the right to equal treatment must be strictly construed. This conclusion is mandated by the wording of the legislation itself and the influence of the Constitution. Accordingly, the notion of an implied “general fairness” defence is jettisoned. The remaining defences, it is submitted, should develop within the parameters of established principles in a disciplined manner, having due regard for the achievement of substantive equality. Part 1 of the article deals with the current legislative framework and the defence of inherent requirements of the job.