bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer Support for Chronic Pain in Online Health Communities: Quantitative Study on the Dynamics of Social Interactions in a Chronic Pain Forum
Authors: Necaise Aaron , Amon Mary Jean
Published: June 2024

Background

Peer support for chronic pain is increasingly taking place on social media via social networking communities. Several theories on the development and maintenance of chronic pain highlight how rumination, catastrophizing, and negative social interactions can contribute to poor health outcomes. However, little is known regarding the role web-based health discussions play in the development of negative versus positive health attitudes relevant to chronic pain.

Objective

This study aims to investigate how participation in online peer-to-peer support communities influenced pain expressions by examining how the sentiment of user language evolved in response to peer interactions.

Methods

We collected the comment histories of 199 randomly sampled Reddit (Reddit, Inc) users who were active in a popular peer-to-peer chronic pain support community over 10 years. A total of 2 separate natural language processing methods were compared to calculate the sentiment of user comments on the forum (N=73,876). We then modeled the trajectories of users’ language sentiment using mixed-effects growth curve modeling and measured the degree to which users affectively synchronized with their peers using bivariate wavelet analysis.

Results

In comparison to a shuffled baseline, we found evidence that users entrained their language sentiment to match the language of community members they interacted with (t198=4.02; P<.001; Cohen d=0.40). This synchrony was most apparent in low-frequency sentiment changes unfolding over hundreds of interactions as opposed to reactionary changes occurring from comment to comment (F2,198=17.70; P<.001). We also observed a significant trend in sentiment across all users (β=–.02; P=.003), with users increasingly using more negative language as they continued to interact with the community. Notably, there was a significant interaction between affective synchrony and community tenure (β=.02; P=.02), such that greater affective synchrony was associated with negative sentiment trajectories among short-term users and positive sentiment trajectories among long-term users.

Conclusions

Our results are consistent with the social communication model of pain, which describes how social interactions can influence the expression of pain symptoms. The difference in long-term versus short-term affective synchrony observed between community members suggests a process of emotional coregulation and social learning. Participating in health discussions on Reddit appears to be associated with both negative and positive changes in sentiment depending on how individual users interacted with their peers. Thus, in addition to characterizing the sentiment dynamics existing within online chronic pain communities, our work provides insight into the potential benefits and drawbacks of relying on support communities organized on social media platforms.
Sleep Disorders and Dementia Risk in Older Patients with Kidney Failure
Authors: Long Jane J. , Chen Yusi , Kim Byoungjun , Bae Sunjae , Li Yiting , Orandi Babak J. , Chu Nadia M. , Mathur Aarti , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A.
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Older patients with kidney failure who are newly diagnosed with sleep disorders are at higher risk of developing any type of dementia, vascular dementia, and other/mixed types of dementia.

For older patients with kidney failure who are diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, positive airway pressure therapy is an intervention that is associated with lower dementia risk.

Background

Community-dwelling older adults with sleep disorders are at higher risk of developing dementia. Greater than 50% of older patients with kidney failure experience sleep disorders, which may explain their high burden of dementia.

Methods

Among 216,158 patients (aged 66 years and older) with kidney failure (United States Renal Data System; 2008–2019), we estimated the risk of dementia (including subtypes) associated with sleep disorders using Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score weighting. We tested whether positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy was associated with reduced dementia risk among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Results

26.3% of patients were diagnosed with sleep disorders; these patients had a higher 5-year unadjusted cumulative incidence for any type of dementia (36.2% versus 32.3%; P < 0.001), vascular dementia (4.4% versus 3.7%; P < 0.001), and other/mixed dementia (29.3% versus 25.8%; P < 0.001). Higher risk of any type of dementia was identified in patients with insomnia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 1.51), sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) (aHR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.23), and other sleep disorders (aHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.39). Higher vascular dementia risk was observed in patients with insomnia (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.73) and SRBDs (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.24). Patients with SRBDs (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.15) were at higher risk of Alzheimer disease. Among patients with OSA, PAP therapy was associated with lower risk of any type of dementia (aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.90) and vascular dementia (aHR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85).

Conclusions

Older patients with kidney failure and sleep disorders are at a higher risk of dementia. Sleep is an important modifiable factor that should be considered for targeted interventions to mitigate dementia risk in patients with kidney failure. For patients with OSA, PAP therapy is associated with lower dementia risk.
Research on Visual Elements and Emotional Expression in Book Design
Authors: Xia Shuyang
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the relationship between visual elements and emotional expression in book design, and analyzes the influence of technological innovation, cross-cultural background, education and practice on this relationship. Technological innovation has provided more abundant and efficient design tools for book design, expanded the expression form of visual elements and the space of emotional expression, but it has also brought some challenges. The visual elements and emotional expression in the cross-cultural context face the challenge of cultural differences, but it also brings the opportunity of integration and innovation for designers.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR BIAYA DAN KEBUTUHAN TENAGA KERJA PADA PENERAPAN SISTEM SADAP FREKUENSI RENDAH DI PERUSAHAAN PERKEBUNAN KARET, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: LINDAWATI LINDAWATI , Fauzi Iif Rahmat , TISTAMA Radite , ATMININGSIH ATMININGSIH
Published: June 2024

Rendahnya harga dan terbatasnya jumlah tenaga penyadap terampil merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi perusahaan perkebunan karet saat ini. Penerapan sistem sadap frekuensi rendah adalah salah satu strategi yang dilakukan untuk menghadapi masalah tersebut. Sistem sadap frekuensi rendah adalah konsep manajemen penyadapan yang berorientasi pada rendahnya kebutuhan biaya dan tenaga kerja penyadapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur biaya dan kebutuhan tenaga kerja pada penerapan sistem sadap frekuensi rendah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode explanatory research melalui observasi lapangan, studi literatur, dan simulasi data. Analisis anggaran parsial dilakukan untuk melihat kelayakan finansial perubahan sistem sadap dari sistem sadap konvensional d3 ke sistem sadap frekuensi rendah d4, d5, dan d6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem sadap frekuensi rendah d4, d5, d6 menyebabkan penurunan biaya tenaga penyadap masing-masing sebesar 25%, 40%, dan 50%. Sebaliknya, untuk mengantisipasi penurunan produksi akibat berkurangnya hari sadap efektif maka terjadi kenaikan biaya stimulansia masing-masing sebesar 18%, 23% dan 43%. Total biaya produksi akibat perubahan sistem sadap d3 ke sistem sadap d4, d5, d6 berkurang masing-masing 22%, 35%, dan 57%. Perubahan struktur biaya lebih disebabkan oleh perubahan jumlah HK akibat penurunan kebutuhan HK penyadap dan kenaikan kebutuhan HK stimulansia. Penerapan sistem sadap dari d3 ke d4, d5, d6 mengakibatkan perubahan tingkat kelayakan finansial usaha dari nilai RCR sebesar 1,39 menjadi masing-masing sebesar 1,20; 1,08; dan 0,90. Penerapan sistem sadap frekuensi rendah masih cenderung dinamis dan lebih merupakan program penurunan biaya yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan kondisi finansial perusahaan dalam jangka pendek. Sebagai rencana strategis, penerapan sistem sadap frekuensi rendah bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi masalah kelangkaan tenaga penyadap terampil dalam jangka panjang agar perusahaan perkebunan karet tetap berada dalam posisi yang kompetitif.
Increasing culturally relevant science media coverage: exploring the outcomes of a collaboration in Puerto Rico
Authors: Feliú Mójer Mónica I. , López Andrea Isabel , González-Espada Wilson , Cabezas Bou Ernesto , Colón-Echevarría Claudia , Cruz Collazo Ailed , García-Justiniano Jetsimary , Liquet y González José , Rivera-Bonet Charlene , Rivera-Rodríguez Angelie , Rodríguez Benítez Attabey , Rodríguez-Cruz Luis Alexis , Rodríguez García Priscila , Guerrero-Medina Giovanna
Published: June 2024

CienciaPR, a nonprofit that brings together the largest network of Puerto Rican scientists and one of the largest networks of Hispanic/Latine scientists in the world, has collaborated with El Nuevo Día (END), Puerto Rico's newspaper of record, to increase culturally relevant stories in their science section. This Practice Insight quantifies and compares the presence of culturally relevant elements (e.g., referring to Puerto Rico, local landmarks, historic figures, slang) and other content information (e.g., topics, location, focus, protagonist) in articles authored by CienciaPR members versus articles by END, news agencies, and other organizations. Results demonstrate that CienciaPR-authored articles published in END featured culturally relevant elements more often (e.g., mentioned Puerto Rico, used Puerto Rican slang, stories located in Puerto Rico) than those by other sources.
Motivational Interviewing: Addressing Interest Among Health Professions Students
Authors: Lajaunie Aurianna M. , Vela Natalie M. , Supron Hannah Kimmel , Small Sarah , Resnicow Kenneth , Poling P. Elainee
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered approach to behavior change counseling that is used among health professionals across multiple disciplines. However, MI training has yet to be broadly offered to health professional (HP) students. This study aimed to evaluate student interest in MI and the efficacy of an MI workshop to assess whether MI training should be incorporated into HP curricula.
Methods: We conducted a needs assessment to evaluate HP student interest in learning MI. We then hosted a 6.5-hour MI workshop, followed by optional standardized patient encounters (SPEs). SPE performance was evaluated with a scored competency assessment.
Results: Needs assessment respondents (N=93) were predominantly medical students (53%), of which 49% were interested in primary care-related fields. Most (58%) reported receiving 0 to 2 hours of MI training in their required curricula, yet 87% intended to use MI and were interested in receiving training. Nineteen students attended the MI workshop. Postworkshop knowledge assessment (N=11) improved by an average of 34% (premean [±SD], 41% [±12]; postmean [±SD], 75% [±10]; P<.001). The SPE mean competency score (5.09) surpassed the threshold for competence of 5.
Conclusions: HP students reported receiving minimal MI training in their curricula despite being highly interested in MI. Interested students responded to our interdisciplinary MI workshop and SPEs with high satisfaction, suggesting that HP schools may benefit from incorporating MI into their curricula. Nevertheless, response rates were low, and selection bias may have skewed responses toward more favorable perceptions of MI.
The role of entrepreneurial leadership strategy in promoting organizational sustainability: A descriptive and analytical study
Authors: Al-Janabi Akram Salim Hasan , Hussein Sahraa Anwer , Mhaibes Hussam Ali , Flayyih Hakeem Hammood
Published: June 2024

The paper aims to build a model that supports organizational sustainability by analyzing the correlations and revealing the impact between the two main variables (entrepreneurial leadership) with its dimensions of proactive outlook, risk, and creativity (Van Zyl & Mathur-Helm, 2007), and (organizational sustainability) with its economic, environmental, and societal dimensions (Hansmann et al., 2012). As well as identifying the level of awareness and informing managers in the General Company for the Automotive and Equipment Industry, of the theoretical implications and performance, and its vital importance to society and the surrounding ecological environment, and drawing attention to that and improving performance, and indicating the important leadership role in activating and supporting organizational sustainability. The questionnaire was used and distributed to a random sample of 58 managers, following the analytical descriptive approach to accomplish the research purposes. The study came out with important conclusions, including that the tangible role of entrepreneurial leadership in supporting and promoting sustainability is reflected in deepening the approach and dimensions of sustainability and its environmental-ecological, vital, economic and social necessities on the basis and directions affecting the strategic success of organizations and their continuity in the business world.
COMPREENSÃO DE METÁFORA POR INDIVÍDUOS TEA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA 1 METAPHOR COMPREHENSION BY ASD-INDIVIDUALS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Cony Isabel
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão integrativa de estudos
publicados por pesquisadores/as brasileiros/as referentes à compreensão
metafórica por indivíduos diagnosticados com transtorno do espectro
autista (TEA). O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar a existência de
estudos experimentais  de base psicolinguística produzidos em âmbito
nacional que investigam a compreensão de metáforas por falantes nativos
de português brasileiro com TEA. A busca por artigos se deu através de
três bancos de dados de referência brasileiros – Portal de Periódicos
da CAPES, Scopus e Scielo –, por meio de uma pesquisa avançada por
trabalhos que apresentassem os termos metáfora e autismo
ou transtorno do espectro autista. No total, foram encontrados
somente 3 artigos que cumpriam os pré-requisitos estabelecidos. Os
resultados encontrados evidenciam a necessidade premente de se
desenvolverem pesquisas neste campo em âmbito nacional no sentido de
melhor compreender esse fenômeno para, futuramente, desenvolver
propostas de intervenções que contribuam para a qualidade de vida de
sujeitos diagnosticados com TEA.

This paper presents an integrative review of studies published by
Brazilian researchers on metaphorical comprehension by individuals
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of the research
was to verify the existence of psycholinguistically-based experimental
studies conducted in Brazil that investigate the comprehension of
metaphors by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with ASD. Research
was conducted for articles in three Brazilian reference databases –
Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Scopus and Scielo – through an advanced
search tool, and papers were selected that presented the terms metaphor
and autism or autism spectrum disorder. In total,
only 3 articles were found that met the established criteria. The
results show that there is an urgent need to develop research in this
field to better understand this phenomenon and develop proposals for
interventions that contribute to the quality of life of people diagnosed
with ASD.
Adaptive fast integral sliding mode control of teleoperation manipulator system based on prescribed performance
Authors: Li Xinbin , Tian Zhihan , Liu Miao , Han Song , Chen Shunshun
Published: June 2024

This paper mainly solves the problem of synchronous control of the
master-slave manipulator in an underwater teleoperation system with
hardware performance limitations, model uncertainties, and unknown
external disturbances. Firstly, in order to meet the limitations of
hardware conditions such as the motor speed in the hardware platform,
and a prescribed performance function(PPF) is proposed to constrain the
speed error, effectively improving the transient performance of the
system. Secondly, a prescribed-performance-based adaptive nonsingular
integral sliding mode controller(ANISMC) is proposed. Compared with the
existing integral sliding mode controllers, the controller in this paper
has a faster convergence speed. Then, the Lyapunov method is used to
prove that the transformation error and the sliding surface can converge
to zero within a fixed time, solving the problem that the integral sign
is difficult to cancel when the integral sliding mode controller is used
to prove fixed-time stability with the Lyapunov method, and there is no
need to know the upper limit of uncertainties and disturbances in
advance. Finally, the simulation comparison experiment shows the
superiority of the proposed PPF-based ANISMC
Protective role of curcumin in high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunctions via Nrf2 activation and ROS/JNK signaling inhibition
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yu Mengliu , Teng Fei
Published: June 2024

Aim: High glucose (HG) impairs the viability and function of osteoblast,
thus causing bone metabolism disorder and osteoporosis. Curcumin is a
polyphenolic phytochemical derived from the curcuma longa, and it
exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which associated
with cell metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the
effects and mechanisms of curcumin on HG mediated osteoblast
dysfunction. Methods: In the present study, osteoblastic cell was
treated with or without curcumin, Nrf2 siRNA interference and JNK
inhibitor SP600125. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by
CCK-8 assay, cleaved casepase-3 expression and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay,
respectively. Osteoblasts differentiation was detected by ALP activity,
osteogenic-specific gene and RUNX2 expression. Immunoblot analysis was
used to detect protein expression. Results: The results showed that
curcumin enhanced the osteoblast differentiation which are reduced by HG
condition via Nrf2 activation and ROS/JNK inhibition. Knock-down of Nrf2
partially blocked curcumin-induced Nrf2 activation and ROS/JNK
inhibition, as well as the attenuation of curcumin-induced osteoblast
differentiation and survival in HG condition. JNK inhibition impair the
positive effect of curcumin in response to HG, which presented a similar
result to Nrf2 knock-down. Conclusion: ROS-related JNK phosphorylation
might serve as the mechanism for HG-induced apoptosis and Nrf2
activation mediated by curcumin exerted a protective role against
osteoblast apoptosis.
Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Soil Characteristics in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests of Central Indian Landscape following the invasion of Lantana Camara L.
Authors: Lone Parvaiz , Almoallim Hesham , Ansari Mohammad , Dar Javid , Khan Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Invasive species are considered as the chief global change drivers
having the potential to change the functioning of ecosystem and
biodiversity. Although, soil organic carbon dynamics is affected by
plant invasion, very few studies have focused on the impact of an
invasive shrub, Lantana camara L. on the soil organic carbon storage
mainly in India, in spite of the extensive invasion of the shrub in the
country. The main objective of the present study is to consider the
impact of Lantana camara L on soil organic carbon stocks in tropical dry
deciduous forests of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. It was found that
the soil organic carbon was significantly influenced by the invasion of
Lantana camara predominantly at the depth of 0-10 cm depth and its
values were 10.4% higher as compared to that of uninvaded site. On an
average, the percentage of soil organic carbon at the soil depths of
0–10, 10.1–30, and 30.1–50 cm were reported to be 29.8, 37.3, and
32.9 % in Lantana invaded sites and 27.0, 38.4 and 34.6 % in uninvaded
sites, respectively. Also, higher soil moisture content, higher soil pH
and lower soil bulk density were reported in Lantana invaded sites at
all the depths as compared to uninvaded sites. Current study reports the
alteration of soil organic carbon stocks by Lantana invasion which can
be helpful in understanding the impact of invasive plant species on soil
organic carbon stocks in tropical forests and to forecast the changes in
ecosystem functioning.
Fundamental characteristics of flow past an array of hemispherical protrusions in millisecond microchannel reactors
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: June 2024

Flow of a fluid past a body is a very complicated phenomenon.
Computational fluid dynamics is used for studying the characteristics of
flow past an array of hemispherical protrusions that is disposed on the
wall surfaces of a millisecond microchannel reactor. Protrusions can be
used to improve the transport processes involved, but the causes of the
phenomena are still incompletely understood. Parametric analyses are
performed under different sets of circumstances to delineate the role of
geometric features and operation conditions in reactor performance.
Dimensionless quantities are used to simplify the characterization of
the reactor system with multiple interacting transport phenomena. The
mechanisms involved in the intensified processes are analysed, and
performance improvement recommendations are presented. The results
indicate that the protruded reactor behaves effectively and good yields
can be obtained with only milliseconds residence of the mixtures within
the channels. The reactor offers the unique advantage for hydrogen
production from methanol in that process intensification is realized
while preserving the energy balance between the exothermic and
endothermic processes. However, the flow rates must be adjusted as
needed to maximize production of hydrogen and minimize pressure drops.
The momentum diffusivity is more dominant around the protrusion regions
than in the other regions. The thermal diffusivity is more dominant in
the protruded channels than in the flat channels. The results have
implications for hydrogen production and beyond for the study of
transport phenomena in microchemical systems.

Keywords: Hemispherical protrusions; Fuel cells; Heat transfer;
Microchannel reactors; Endothermic reactions; Mass transfer
Thermal expansion coefficients and heat capacities of graphane and fluorographene at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: June 2024

In spite of significant efforts to investigate the ability of
hydrogenated and fluorinated graphene to conduct heat, little research
has focused particularly upon their other thermal properties, such as
thermal contraction and heat capacity, which have implications for the
development of thermal nanotechnology. In an attempt to determine these
thermal properties, a few experiments have been carried out, with rather
conflicting results. In the present study, calculations were performed
using molecular dynamics to investigate the thermal properties of
graphane and fluorographene and especially the phenomena involved. The
thermal expansion coefficients and heat capacities of the
two-dimensional materials were determined at different temperatures. The
results indicated that graphane is thermally contracted more
significantly than graphene. The calculated molar heat capacity at
constant volume is about 25.00 J/(mol·K) for graphene and about
29.26 J/(mol·K) for graphane. The specific heat capacity of
fluorographene is always lower than that of graphane. A negative
relationship does exist between the binding energy and the temperature.

Keywords: Carbon materials; Material properties; Thermal
contraction; Structural configurations; Molecular dynamics; Thermal
phenomena
Essential characteristics of mass transport processes in microchannel reactors for thermochemically producing hydrogen from methanol by steam reforming
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: June 2024

The potential of methanol reforming systems to greatly improve
productivity in chemical reactors has been limited, due in part, to the
effect of mass transfer limitations on the production of hydrogen. There
is a need to determine whether or not a microchannel reforming reactor
system is operated in a mass transfer-controlled regime, and provide the
necessary criteria so that mass transfer limitations can be effectively
eliminated in the reactor. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were
carried out using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the
essential characteristics of mass transport processes in a microchannel
reforming reactor and to develop criteria for determining mass transfer
limitations. The reactor was designed for thermochemically producing
hydrogen from methanol by steam reforming. The mass transfer effects
involved in the reforming process were evaluated, and the role of
various design parameters was determined for the thermally integrated
reactor. In order to simplify the mathematics of mass transport
phenomena, use was made of dimensionless numbers or ratios of parameters
that numerically describe the physical properties in the reactor without
units. The results indicated that the performance of the thermally
integrated reactor can be greatly improved by means of proper design of
catalyst layer thickness and through adjusting feed composition to
minimize or reduce mass transfer limitations in the reactor. There is
not an effective method to reduce channel dimensions if the flow rate
remains constant, or to reduce fluid velocities if the residence time is
kept constant. The rate of the reforming reaction is limited by mass
transfer near the entrance of the reactor and by kinetics further
downstream, when the heat transfer in the autothermal system is
efficient. Finally, the criteria that can be used to distinguish between
different mass transport and kinetics regimes in the reactor with a
first-order reforming reaction were presented.

Keywords: Hydrogen production; Steam reforming; Transport
phenomena; Reactor design; Microchannel reactors; Computational fluid
dynamics
Reducing Flood Insurance Costs by Employing Geographic Risk Complementarity
Authors: Cui Shibo , Wang Jiaqing , Zhao Jianshi
Published: June 2024

Flood insurance is an important financial measure for flood risk
management. However, a significant protection gap in flood insurance
exists in many countries due to high flood insurance costs. Reducing
flood insurance costs for both policyholders and insurance companies is
crucial for implementing flood insurance. In this study, we derive
fundamental mathematical principles for reducing overall insurance
costs, including premiums and risk reserves, by introducing the
geographic complementarity of flood risk based on portfolio theory. We
also propose a reasonable premium allocation framework among multiple
individual policyholders using cooperative game theory (CGT), which can
benefit all policyholders and achieve stable allocation. The proposed
approach is illustrated using China as a case study. The results show
that there are low correlation coefficients of flood losses across
different provinces and river basins in China, showing high geographic
risk complementarity. Compared to independent insurance in each
province, national flood insurance can reduce total premiums by 14.8%
and total risk reserves by 60.8%. The Yangtze River Basin shows the
greatest premium reduction by pooling its internal flood risk, compared
with independent insurance by provinces. The Yellow and Huai River Basin
shows the greatest premium reduction when pooling national flood risk,
compared with pooling risk within individual river basins. In summary,
geographic complementarity in flood risk has significant effects on
reducing flood insurance costs, implying that China can employ this
characteristic to implement a national flood insurance program.
Furthermore, the proposed approach can also offer new insights for
enhancing catastrophe insurance affordability in more countries.
"Eles não deixam eu morar aqui”
Authors: Santana do Ó Elaine , Faulhaber Priscila
Published: June 2024

Uma das principais consequências ocasionadas pelos processos de patrimonialização, tem sido o deslocamento das classes populares dos centros históricos, restringindo o acesso e desfrute deles aos segmentos sociais abastados. Discutiremos como os moradores, principalmente os trabalhadores da cultura do Sítio Histórico de Olinda, têm sido deslocados desse espaço, especialmente das áreas rigorosas de preservação, as quais se destacam por serem mais valorizadas, devido às práticas de gentrificação (Zukin, 1995) que vem ocorrendo no local. Este artigo, partiu da teoria social na história, assim como, de uma pesquisa de campo responsável por incorporar a este debate, conversas e entrevistas. Assim, adotando uma abordagem dialética, este artigo busca proporcionar uma compreensão acerca das relações de conflito que permeiam o Sítio Histórico de Olinda, bem como o projeto de gentrificação e correspondente higienização social impactando a população local.
lugar dos detentores do saber da medicina tradicional
Authors: Dos Santos Rio Branco Christiane , El-Jaick Andrade Inês
Published: June 2024

O artigo discute a invisibilidade dos detentores de saber da medicina tradicional, sobretudo associado à espiritualidade, em políticas públicas. A medicina tradicional se caracteriza, muitas vezes, por um atendimento individualizado, com a fabricação de remédios específicos que podem tratar simultaneamente, o corpo físico e a parte espiritual. Nas últimas duas décadas, avanços têm sido observados no sentido de seu reconhecimento dentro da política de saúde coletiva, sendo representativo o Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos (2008). No entanto, os produtos e os cuidados com a saúde produzidos nas comunidades tradicionais não se enquadram na categoria de fitoterápicos. Por sua vez, os processos de patrimonialização são demorados e poucas vezes resulta no reconhecimento dos lugares e dos detentores de saber da medicina tradicional, as “raizeiras” e os “raizeiros”. Defende-se que dar visibilidade aos curadores tradicionais em políticas públicas é um passo importante para garantir a atenção primária à saúde em comunidades tradicionais, o combate à intolerância e o fortalecimento do patrimônio cultural da comunidade.
Organização do Arquivo Colégio de Aplicação da UFS
Authors: Souza de Almeida Cabral Anne Emilie , Tavares da Conceição Joaquim , De Oliveira Souza Campello Lorena
Published: June 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão e resultados do processo de organização do arquivo do Colégio de Aplicação da UFS. Esse processo baseou-se na aplicação de princípios e técnicas arquivísticas em diálogo com os estudos provenientes da História da Educação, especialmente relacionados à preservação de acervos escolares enquanto parte integrante do patrimônio histórico educacional. Considerando essa abordagem interdisciplinar, o foco esteve na organização dos documentos históricos, custodiados no Centro de Memória do Colégio. O processo resultou na classificação e na descrição desses documentos e na criação e disponibilização de instrumento de pesquisa (inventário).
The Effect of Algorithmic Trading on Management Guidance
Authors: Stephan Andrew
Published: June 2024

I investigate whether algorithmic trading (AT) affects the provision of management guidance. Existing research finds that AT decreases fundamental information acquisition before earnings announcements and consequently reduces the informativeness of prices. To compensate for reduced information acquisition, I predict and find that managers at firms with more AT activity increase the quantity and quality of guidance issued at earnings announcements. Evidence is consistent with managers responding to reduced information acquisition, as opposed to changes in liquidity, and results suggest guidance in response to AT is effective at reducing information asymmetry. These findings identify a new channel through which AT affects stock price informativeness by documenting a link to managers’ disclosure decisions.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G14; G19; G10.
Unintended Real Effects of EDGAR: Evidence from Corporate Innovation
Authors: Dambra Michael , Mihov Atanas , Sanz Leandro
Published: June 2024

We study the real effects on innovation of a transformative change in corporate disclosure dissemination, the implementation of the SEC’s EDGAR system. On the one hand, increased disclosure dissemination can lower firms’ cost of capital, thereby stimulating innovative activity. On the other hand, increased dissemination can exacerbate proprietary disclosure costs, reducing firms’ incentives to innovate. We show that treated firms reduce innovation investment following EDGAR’s implementation. In contrast, EDGAR reporting firms’ innovation investment cuts are met with an increase in innovation investment by their technology rivals. Consistent with an increase in proprietary costs, EDGAR-filers disclose less about their innovation activities. We also find evidence of a redistribution of innovative activity from public to private firms not subject to EDGAR disclosure requirements. Overall, our results are consistent with increased disclosure dissemination crowding out investment in innovative projects, whose returns negatively depend on information spillovers.

JEL Classifications: D23; L86; M40; M41; O30; O31; O32; O34.
Consensus guidance for monitoring persons with islet autoantibody-positive pre-Stage 3 type 1 diabetes
Authors: Phillip Moshe , Achenbach Peter , Addala Ananta , Albanese-O'Neill Anastasia , Battelino Tadej , J Bell Kirstine , E J Besser Rachel , Bonifacio Ezio , M Colhoun Helen , J Couper Jennifer , E Craig Maria , Danne Thomas , de Beaufort Carine , Dovc Klemen , A Driscoll Kimberly , Dutta Sanjoy , Ebekozien Osagie , Elding Larsson Helena , J Feiten Daniel , I Frohnert Brigitte , A Gabbay Robert , Pat Gallagher Mary , J Greenbaum Carla , J Griffin Kurt , Hagopian William , J Haller Michael , Hendrieckx Christel , Hendriks Emile , I G Holt Richard , Hughes Lucille , M Ismail Heba , M Jacobsen Laura , B Johnson Suzanne , E Kolb Leslie , Kordonouri Olga , Lange Karin , W Lash Robert , Lernmark Åke , Libman Ingrid , Lundgren Markus , M Maahs David , Loredana Marcovecchio M , Mathieu Chantal , M Miller Kellee , K O'Donnell Holly , Oron Tal , P Patil Shivajirao , Pop-Busui Rodica , J Rewers Marian , S Rich Stephen , A Schatz Desmond , Schulman-Rosenbaum Rifka , M Simmons Kimber , K Sims Emily , S Skyler Jay , B Smith Laura , Speake Cate , K Steck Andrea , BP Thomas Nicholas , N Tonyushkina Ksenia , Veijola Riitta , M Wentworth John , K Wherrett Diane , R Wood Jamie , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , A DiMeglio Linda
Published: June 2024

Given the proven benefits of screening to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) likelihood at the time of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis and emerging availability of therapy to delay disease progression, T1D screening programs are being increasingly emphasized. Once broadly implemented, screening initiatives will identify significant numbers of islet autoantibody positive (IAb+) children and adults who are at risk of (confirmed single IAb+) or living with (multiple IAb+) early-stage (stage 1 and stage 2) T1D. These individuals will need monitoring for disease progression; much of this care will happen in non-specialized settings. To inform this monitoring, the JDRF in conjunction with international experts and societies developed consensus guidance. Broad advice from this guidance includes: 1) Partnerships should be fostered between endocrinologists and primary care providers to care for persons with IAb. 2) When persons who are IAb+ are initially identified there is a need for confirmation on a second sample. 3) Single IAb+ individuals are at lower risk of progression than multiple IAb+ individuals. 4) Individuals with early-stage T1D should have periodic medical monitoring, including regular assessments of glycemia, regular education about symptoms of diabetes and DKA, and psychosocial support. 5) Interested persons with stage 2 T1D should be offered trial participation or approved therapies. 6) All health professionals involved in monitoring and care of individuals with T1D have a responsibility to provide education. The guidance also emphasizes significant unmet needs for further research on early-stage T1D to increase the rigor of future recommendations and inform clinical care.
Lifetime medical spending attributed to incident type 2 diabetes in Medicare beneficiaries: a longitudinal study using 1999-2019 national Medicare claims.
Authors: Shao Yixue , Wang Yu , Bigman Elizabeth , Imperatore Giuseppina , Holliday Christopher , Zhang Ping
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To estimate lifetime incremental medical spending attributed to incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Medicare beneficiaries by age of diagnosis, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Research Design and Methods:

We used the 1999-2019 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims database to identify a cohort of beneficiaries with newly diagnosed T2D in 2001-2003 using International Classification of Diseases codes. We matched this cohort with a non-diabetes cohort using a propensity score method and then followed the two cohorts until death, disenrollment, or end of 2019. Lifetime medical spending for each cohort was the sum of expected annual spending, a product of actual annual spending multiplied by the annual survival rate, from the age of T2D diagnosis to death. Lifetime incremental medical spending was calculated as the difference in lifetime medical spending between the two cohorts. All spending was standardized to 2019 U.S. dollars.

Results:

Medicare beneficiaries with newly diagnosed T2D, despite having a shorter life expectancy, accumulated 36%-40% higher in lifetime medical spending compared to a comparable group without diabetes. Lifetime incremental medical spending ranged from $16,115 to $122,146 depending on diagnosis age, sex, and race/ethnicity, declining with age at diagnosis, and being highest for Asian/Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic Black beneficiaries.

Conclusions:

The large lifetime incremental medical spending associated with incident T2D underscores the need for preventing T2D among Medicare beneficiaries. Our results could be used to estimate the potential financial benefit of T2D prevention programs, both overall and among subgroups of beneficiaries.
Key Success Factors of Urban Infill Development: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: AlHasawi Mohammed , Maatouk Mohamed Mahmoud Hamidi , Qurunfulah Emad
Published: June 2024

Current cities, especially megacities, are going through a continuous increase in population size because the city extends beyond its urban borders, causing what is called urban sprawl, which constitutes the real problem for cities at present. Also, these megacities have many informal areas and urban dilapidated areas because of the ancient period since their establishment, from which the city has suffered greatly. Hence, the need to determine development methods that should be within the city instead of expanding outside its borders, and many methods have been reached that can be used to solve this problem, the most important of which is infill development. The research methodology focused on reviewing the literature of the study and discussing the best international practices to arrive at a first draft of a list of key success factors for infill development projects and reviewing it with a group of experts who developed it until the final approved version was reached. The result of these procedures was to arrive at a conceptual framework for the key success factors for infill development. This conceptual framework applies to any city to ensure that infill development projects are successful with the highest possible quality and reflect positively on the city and its residents.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT SEVERAL OF THE BEST UNIVERSITIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Padmakusumah Rizal Ramdan , Kusumah R. Wedi Rusmawan , Ismail Solahuddin
Published: June 2024

The strategic management process of each category of organization will undoubtedly be distinctive. This study aims to ascertain the strategic management process in higher education institutions in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative case study that examines the University of Indonesia (UI), Gajah Mada University (UGM), Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB), Telkom University (TELU), Indonesian Islamic University (UII), and Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS). The strategic management process at Indonesian HEI is described or concluded by analyzing secondary data in the form of strategic plan documents compiled with analysis of primary data in the form of interviews with experts in the field of higher education. The research findings indicate that the strategic management process in Indonesian higher education institutions is comprised of four stages: (1) environmental analysis, (2) strategy formulation, (3) strategy implementation, and (4) evaluation control. An example of the originality or uniqueness of the strategic management process in Indonesian higher education institutions is internal environmental analysis, which employs its criteria rather than the commonly used value chain analysis or functional analysis approach criteria.
Protivládní extremismus - konspirace a delegitimizace státu s implikací pro Českou republiku
Authors: Strnad Štěpán , Křížek Luboš
Published: June 2024

Anti-government extremism in Germany may represent examples of the significant shift and growth of anti-government movements and anti-system activism in the past few years. Conspiracies and insurrections to overthrow a democratically elected government are certainly not new phenomena, but they are uncommon in consolidated Western democracies. The paper tries to convey the manifestations of delegitimization movements of sovereign citizens with an emphasis on the potential of political violence in the context of correlations of conspiracy theories and disinformation and radicalization group mobilization.Selected sovereign citizen movements are introduced based on their motivations, goals, and strategies of resistance to existing government structures.. The evaluation is done with the help of an analytical model of three dimensions of assessing the level of anti-government extremism of sovereign movements: 1. delegitimization of the democratic order, 2. offensive social action, 3. democratic norms within the sovereign movement. Expressions of coercion against public authorities, state institutions and courts in the Czech Republic copy the expressions of foreign sovereign citizen movements, including the terminology and form used.With the development of the anti-systemic scene in recent years, frustrations that have been embedded in society for a long time crystallized, among other things. Among them for example deep-rooted hostility is towards the division of Czechoslovakia among a certain part of the population. It appears a lot in the 40/50+ generation, which, by the way, is becoming the main driver of the anti-systemic discourse.
Význam Nikaraguy v geopolitickém posilovaní Ruska v latinskoamerické oblasti
Authors: Rouč Vít
Published: June 2024

The study dealt with current factors related to Russia's geopolitical interests in Nicaragua, as another country of Russian interest in the Latin American world. For a more comprehensive understanding of the issue, the initial situation from the time of the existence of the USSR and the Cold War was approached. The aim of the study was to outline the key milestones related to Russian-Nicaraguan cooperation and to further reflect on the possible goals that the actors involved expected from these bilateral relations. The structure of the study was based on the historical context, current Russian-Nicaraguan cooperation (political, economic, military) and the US position. Methodologically, the studies were processed on the basis of a descriptive-analytical approach. As a result, it was found that the Russian-Nicaragua cooperation is a continuation of the historical trend in mutual relations, when Nicaragua used this alliance as a certain counterbalance to the US, the possibility to modernize its army and to reach many commodities of the civilian sector, which were also important for the regime. Russia, on the other hand, was able to prove its global ambitions, manage and expand its influence operations in the Latin American world, and "unnerve" the US with its presence. However, for the US, under the given situation, Russia did not represent a direct military threat, but rather a security risk and a challenge for the future.
Shifting Attitudes of Acehnese towards Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Raharema Naufal Rasendriya Apta
Published: June 2024

Various rejections by local Acehnese, as well as netizens on social media, have emerged against the newly arrived Rohingya refugees on the beaches of Aceh. The rejection ranges from the locals' rejection of the boats to land to the forced removal of the refugees by students. This change in response from the local Acehnese community is surprising, as the local community's response to the refugees has been known to be positive since the first boat arrived. Through a qualitative analysis that connects the issue with the concept of autochthony, this research found that such concept is connected to the shifting response of the Acehnese towards the newly arrived Rohingya refugees, whereas the concept’s key points of (1) protection of ancestral heritage as well as (2) fear of being contaminated by foreign influences, are prevalent in the locals’ recent gestures and acts of refusals. If this attitude is maintained, it is not impossible that more discrimination towards the Rohingya refugees could take place in the near future.