bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTRUM OF GYNAECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN NORTH INDIA : OVERVIEW
Authors: Singh Gora Bhoopendra , Lal Gurjar Bhairu , Sharma Raj Govind , Damachayan Suresh Singh , Patel Pinakin , Lakhera Kamal Kishore , Hussain Akhlaq , Kumar Swain Phanindra , Mohan Singhal Pranav , Kumar Agarwal Naina
Published: March 2022

Background: Gynecologic cancers form a huge burden of morbidity and mortality around the world. This study was undertaken to study the pattern, histopathological types and relative frequencies of gynaecological malignancy cases reported at four major hospitals and pathology centers in Jaipur region. Method: Retrospective review of records of gynecologic cancers obtained from four major pathology departments in Jaipur region in which histopathological data of all female diagnosed with the genital tract malignancies for a ve year period were included in the study. Results: Most common genital tract malignancy was cervical cancer (51.8%) followed by ovarian cancer (24.6%), uterine cancer (17.6%) and vaginal cancer (3.96%). Mean ages for ovarian, uterine, endometrium, fallopian tube, vulva and cervical cancers were 42.79±15.84, 50.93±13.14, 61.21±7.61, 63.50±19.09, 56.05±17.89 and 51.29±11.95 years respectively. Conclusion & Recommendations: Cervix carcinoma is the most common female genital tract malignancy followed by ovarian carcinoma and uterine cancer. Squamous type of cervical cancer was the commonest type. Hospital facilities for screening and regular gynecological examinations and well-dened follow-up surveillance system can change disease morbidity and mortality.
SOFT PALATE PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF MINOR SALIVARY GLAND
Authors: Ranjan Manish , Sinha Vineet , Kumar Amit , Surbhi Surbhi , Kishore Dayal Abhishek
Published: March 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign of salivary glands.It rarely involves minor salivary glands. Among the major salivary gland
parotid is the most commonly involved and palate is the most common site amongst minor salivary gland.This article presents a case of
pleomorphic adenoma of the palatal minor salivary gland treated successfully by surgical excision.
MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVES- A CLINICAL EXPERIENCE FROM INDIAN SETTINGS
Authors: Pedapathnapu Mutyasri , Reddy D. Raja , Ranga Swamy A.Venkata , Guddeti Raja Sekhar
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study aimed to highlight the current trends in the management of male patients with posterior urethral valves (PUV). Furthermore,thisstudy emphasized clinical, biochemical, and imaging patterns aswell as examined the outcomes of varioustreatment approachessuch as primary valve ablation and vesicostomy to manage PUV. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted in department of urology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, AP. A total of 34 PU valve patients with mean age of 2.87 years with at least 6 months of follow-up were included in this study. Data related to demographic details, modes of presentation, diagnostic evaluation, presence of reux, renal status, treatment modalities and follow-up were collected. Surgical procedures included vesicostomy, and valve fulguration. Results: All the patients presented with obstructive voiding symptoms (100.00%), followed by fever with chills and rigors (67.60%) and pyuria (61.76%). Serum creatinine was normal in 13 patients and elevated in 21 patients. In all the cases PUV was diagnosed using MCUG. Overall, 12 (35.29%) patients presented with vesicoureteral reux prior to treatment. Bilateral and unilateral reux was noted in four and eight patients, respectively. Overall, 23 patients underwent primary valve fulguration and 11 patients underwent vesicostomy. In total 80% of patients maintained normal parameters at variable period of follow-up. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated favorable short-term results of primary valve ablation. However, vesicostomy was equally effective in patientswithbilateralhigh-grade reuxorsepsis despitevalve ablationand incircumstanceswhere there istechnicaldifcultyforvalve ablation.
“ASSESSMENT OF GESTATIONAL AGE BY NEW BALLARD'S SCORE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH FOOT LENGTH”
Authors: Sayali Anil Borate , Malik Tanvi , Sodhi Kirandeep
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND – Foot length has been studied by various authors as proxy measurement which can be measured easily in sick and preterm
newborns. This study was done to nd the correlation of foot length with gestational age and other anthropometric measurements (birth weight,
head circumference and crown heel length).
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES1. To study the correlation of foot length and gestational age among the neonates.
2. To study the correlation between foot length and other variables (gestational age, birth weight, head circumference and crown heel length)
among the newborns.
3. To study if foot length can be used as a proxy measurement to gestational age and birth weight assessment.
MATERIAL: A study sample of 350 live newborns born at MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala was selected by simple random sampling technique
METHODS:
Study sample of 350 newborns was selected by simple random sampling technique born at MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala from April 2020 to May
2021. Babies with limb deformities were excluded from the study group. Babies were grouped into term, preterm and post-term and gestational age
was assessed by New Ballard score. These three groups were categorized in to small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age
(AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) using Fenton growth chart. Correlation of foot length with gestational age and other anthropometric
parameters were statistically analysed by correlation and regression analysis.
RESULTS- In the study, male newborns were 55.1% and female were 44.9%. Of the 350 newborns, preterms were 32.9%, terms were 65.4% and
post-term 1.7%. In the study group, 30.8% were low birth weight babies, 63.4% had birth weight in the range of 2.5- 4 kg and 0.9% had birth weight
>4 kg. The mean foot length was 7.301 cm with a range of 4.6-8.4 cms. Foot length correlated signicantly (p < 0.05) with crown heel length, birth
weight, gestational age and head circumference in the neonates. Maximum correlation was observed with crown heel length (r = 0.916) which
indicates strong positive association between them, followed by birth weight (r = 0.912), gestational age(r = 0.902) and head circumference (r =
0.875).
CONCLUSION- Foot length is a easy and reliable anthropometric measurement to assess birth weight and gestational age in neonates, especially
who are ill. Foot length can be reliably measured by peripheral heath care workers and could be used effectively for identifying and referring high
risk newborns.
ASSESSMENT OF BASIC HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES AND CLINICAL SEVERITY IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE WITH PERIPHERAL BLOOD NEUTROPHIL LYMPHOCYTE RATIO.
Authors: Raasi S. , Narayanasamy K. , Arthy O. S.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: A wide variety of hematological manifestations occur in chronic liver disease. Mild to moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia are
the most common hematological abnormalities. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, a novel inammatory biomarker can be used to predict mortality
independent of Child-Turcotte-Pugh score in liver cirrhosis.
Material And Methods: A cross sectional prospective study was conducted in 100 patients to assess hematological abnormalities and to correlate
Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score for prediction of clinical outcome. NLR and CTP score were
correlated using Chi square test and Spearman correlation test.
Results: Mild anemia was common in females (61%) whereas moderate anemia was common in males (45%). Anemia was seen in 86% and
thrombocytopenia in 72% of cases. Hypochromic microcytic anemia was the most common morphological type of anemia seen in chronic liver
disease. NLR had a signicant positive correlation with CTP score in this study (r=0.288 and p=0.003).
Conclusions: Mild anemia and moderate thrombocytopenia were the most common hematological abnormalities in chronic liver disease. Early
diagnosis and correction of these abnormalities will reduce mortality. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio can be used as an independent prognostic tool
to predict clinical severity in chronic liver disease.
Deep Reinforcement Learning in Human Activity Recognition: A Survey
Authors: Nikpour Bahareh , Sinodinos Dimitrios , Armanfard Narges
Published: March 2022

Human activity recognition is a popular research field in computer vision that has already been widely studied. However, it is still an active research field since it plays an important role in many current and emerging real world intelligent systems, like visual surveillance and human-computer interaction. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently been employed to address the activity recognition problem with various purposes, such as finding attention in video data or obtaining the best network structure. DRL-based human activity recognition has only been around for a short time, and it is a challenging, novel field[ of study. Therefore, to facilitate further research in this field, we have constructed a comprehensive survey on activity recognition methods that incorporate deep reinforcement learning. Towards the end of this survey, we summarize key challenges and open problems in this area that can be addressed by researchers in the future.
Sparse Channel Estimation From Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Beam Measurements
Authors: Kapetanovic Dzevdan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study channel estimation at a uniform linear array (ULA) with $N$ antennas, where the channel at the ULA is composed of $L$ scatterers incoming from $L$ different angles of arrival (AoAs). It is assumed that Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) beams (also known as \emph{analog} beams) are applied at the ULA to project the incoming signal onto a single (or multiple) RF chain(s), after which the signal is sampled and measured in baseband domain. This measurement procedure arises in various communication systems, such as the receive beam sweeping phase in 5G NR, where DTFT beams are used due to their simple implementation as linear phase shifts on analog antennas. A fundamental question about this procedure is the number of DTFT measurements necessary to recover the $L$ AoAs. Previous work on this problem showed (by applying compressed sensing theory) that $L\mathcal{O}(\log(N/L))$ measurements are sufficient for recovering the AoAs, which grows large for large $N$. Instead, by using properties of DTFT beam projections, we are able to show that if $N \geq 2L$, then $3L$ arbitrary DTFT measurements are enough; hence, dependency on $N$ is completely removed. The main reason for this drastic improvement is that sparsity is found in a \emph{non-linear} mapping of unknowns to observations, while compressed sensing deals with \emph{linear} mappings of unknowns to observations. Furthermore, if the DTFT beams are centered at harmonic frequencies (resulting in DFT beams) with period $N$, then $2L$ beam measurements are enough. With these results, an AoA estimation algorithm is formulated which has enormous complexity savings compared to $L$-dimensional AoA search such as maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the algorithm's superior performance over a conventional algorithm. 
A theory of organizational structures for development and infrastructure professionals
Authors: Leite Leonardo , Lago Nelson , Melo Claudia , Kon Fabio , Meirelles Paulo
Published: March 2022

DevOps and continuous delivery have impacted the organizational structures of development and infrastructure groups in software-producing organizations. Our research aims at revealing the different options adopted by the software industry to organize such groups, understanding why different organizations adopt distinct structures, and discovering how organizations handle the drawbacks of each structure. We interviewed 68 carefully-selected IT professionals, 45 working in Brazil, 10 in the USA, 8 in Europe, 1 in Canada, and 4 in globally distributed teams. By analyzing these conversations through a Grounded Theory process, we identified conditions, causes, reasons to avoid, consequences, and contingencies related to each discovered structure (segregated departments, collaborative departments, API-mediated departments, and single department). In this way, we offer a theory to explain organizational structures for development and infrastructure professionals. This theory can support practitioners and researchers in comprehending and discussing the DevOps phenomenon and its related issues, and also provides valuable input to practitioners’ decision-making.

Published as: L. Leite, N. Lago, C. Melo, F. Kon, and P. Meirelles, ”A theory of organizational structures for development and infrastructure professionals,” in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1898-1911, 1 April 2023, doi: 10.1109/TSE.2022.3199169.
Engineering Program Accreditation: Where Have We Been and Where Should We Go?
Authors: Selvan Krishnasamy , Warnick Karl
Published: March 2022

We examine the soundness
of the idea and practice of engineering accreditation and look critically at
the process as currently implemented in some regions around the world. We
suggest areas for improvement and propose guidelines for a revised
accreditation framework that addresses some of the challenges of the current system.
Electromechanical simulation of a Pointing System Model for Satellite Optical communication
Authors: Del Mondo Federico , Gregorio Anna , Seriani Stefano , Gallina Paolo
Published: March 2022

Implementation of a two Degrees of Freedom Pointing System model to enable ship-satellite communication

with the aim of creating self driving cargo ships.

The Pointing System is similar to a telescope in terms of Degrees of Freedom (Azimuth and Elevation) and the model

kinematics definition was possible using MSC ADAMS software. The model was exported to a Simulink block in order to

generate the control block diagram and than an ADAMS-Simulink Co-simulation. The acquisition and orbital

propagation errors for the satellite and the acquisition errors of ship motions have been taken into consideration in the

control system generation. The main goal is to evaluate the pointing motion to verify the satellite’s locking with the

adopted optical communication technologies. In order to reduce pointing error, scanning strategies were considered and

the scanning amplitude and frequency values used for the choice of piezoelectric actuators for the optical component.
Just a Series of Misunderstandings? Assyria and Bīt-Zamāni, Ḫadi-/Iḫtadi-libbušu, and Aramaic in the early Neo-Assyrian State
Authors: Edmonds Alexander Johannes
Published: March 2022

The region of the Upper Tigris serves as a key case study in understanding the early expansion of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. Nevertheless, various aspects of its incorporation within the Neo-Assyrian pale remain obscure, particularly the date and nature of the establishment of the province of Amēdu or Na’iri, previously the Aramean polity of Bīt-Zamāni. After a summary of prior arguments and an investigation of the polity’s Middle Assyrian past, two overlapping and complimentary histories are written, one of the political interactions between Assyria and Bīt-Zamāni, and another of Assyria’s provincialisation of the Upper Tigris. The former finds that Bīt-Zamāni was remarkably resilient in the face of Assyrian aggression, while the latter argues that an early Assyrian presence at Damdammusa was replaced in 879 BC by the provinces of Sinābu/Na’iri and Tušḫan. These two histories are then supplemented by a prosopographical investigation of the Assyrian eponym of 849 BC, the first attested governor of Na’iri, one Ḫadi-libbušu or Iḫtadi-libbušu. It is demonstrated that the two contemporaneous variants of his name within the Assyrian textual corpus may be explained as an ambiguity in translating the Aramaic personal name *ḥdhlbbh into Akkadian for use as an eponym date. It is hence likely that Ḫadi-/Iḫtadi-libbušu was an indigenous potentate made governor, and thus that the polity of Bīt-Zamāni serves as a previously unrecognised example of the Postgatian ‘transitional case’ within the Early Neo-Assyrian Empire analogously to Bīt-Baḫiāni/Gūzāna. Indeed, it is argued that a similar phenomenon of translating the transitional ruler/governor’s name into Akkadian for limmu dating may here be attested for Gūzāna’s two initial governors. In light of these findings, their broader implications for the use of Aramaic in correspondence or record-keeping within 9th century Assyria are considered, and it is suggested that Ḫadi-/Iḫtadi-libbušu’s correspondence was conducted in Aramaic, whence scribes must have had recourse in spelling this potentate’s name. This would mark the earliest use of Aramaic within the Neo-Assyrian bureaucracy presently known. It is then finally concluded that the threat of Urarṭu in the last years of Aššur-nāṣir-apli II’s reign may well have compelled him to enter in a manner of compact with Bīt-Zamāni, and that the indigenous rulers were thereafter made Assyrian governors, only to be unseated in favour of Ninurta-kibsī-uṣur, šāqiu rabiu to Salmānu-ašarēd III just prior to Amēdu’s rebellion in the succession war of 826-820 BC, after which it was conclusively incorporated. Some insufficiencies of present theories of Neo-Assyrian imperialism in explaining this complex historical scenario are finally highlighted.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PKN Melalui Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dengan Metode Daring Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Siswa Kelas V SD Kemala Bhayangkari Kota Makassar
Authors: Ratte Marlina , Supardi R. , Iskandar Abdul Malik
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Skripsi.Jurusan Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Megarezky, Dibimbing oleh R Supardi dan Abdul Malik Iskandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar PKn dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran flipped classrom dengan metode daring pada siswa kelas V SD Kemala Bhayangkari Kota Makassar.

Tujuan: Meningkatkan hasil belajar pkn dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran flipped classrom dengan metode daring pada siswa kelas V SD Kemala Bhayangkari Kota Makassar.

Metode: Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan penelitian tindakan kelas atau PTK yang terdiri dari dua siklus, setiap siklus tiga kali pertemuan dengan alur kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi.

Hasil: Nilai rata-rata pada siklus I adalah 63,17%. Pada siklus II terdapat 2 siswa yang tidak tuntas dengan nilai persentase 10,53%, berada pada ategori sangat kurang, sedangkan siswa yang mendapatkan nilai tuntas terdapat 17 siswa dengan nilai presentase 89,47% berada pada kateori sangat baik.

Kesimpulan: Nilai rata-rata pada siklus II adalah 81,05%. Sehingga dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I dan hasil belajar siklus II yang mengalami peningkatan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembalajaran flipped classroom dengan metode daring dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas V SD Kemala Bhayangkari Kota Makassar.
Pediatric Hemoptysis
Authors: Faisal Hana Khairina Putri , Yunus Faisal , Rahajoe Nastiti
Published: March 2022

Hemoptysis or expectoration of blood is one of the respiratory symptoms in children, hemoptysis is hard to detect because it is often swallowed. The common causes of hemoptysis in adults include bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, pulmonary mycosis, and lung cancer. On the other hand, hemoptysis in children is often caused by tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis in cystic fibrosis, and foreign body aspiration. Bleeding of the pulmonary artery or bronchial artery is the cause of hemoptysis. Upper airway examination is important to rule out epistaxis as the cause of hemoptysis. The primary objectives of hemoptysis management are asphyxia management, bleeding cessation, and treatment of the underlying disease. When all other treatments fail to stop the bleeding, surgery is recommended.
Risk Factors Affecting Respiratory Symptoms and Impaired Lung Function of Palm Oil Mill Workers in the District of Kandis
Authors: Fitria Dana Surya Hajar , Esha Indi , Yunus Faisal , Adrianison Adrianison , Saad Azizman , Restilla Ridha
Published: March 2022

Background: Air pollution that exposed to human have been a problem all over the world and caused a variety of lung disease. Gases and particles emitted from industry including sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter may lead to decreasing lung function. Sulfur dioxide is one of the highest causes of air pollution at the highest level. Workers exposure to gases were vulnerable to respiratory function abnormality. Methods: A study on the effect of risk factors and sulfur dioxide exposure on lung function of palm oil workers in the district of Kandis was carried out in December 2019–January 2020. The research aim at describing sulfur dioxide air ambient in palm oil mill as well as respiratory state of palm oil workers and analyzing sulfur dioxide exposure and lung function relationship. Result: The result showed that sulfur dioxide concentration in outdoor 25.7 µg/Nm3 and indoor 20.6 µg/Nm3. The result of spirometry showed obstruction in 13% of the workers. Breathlessness and productive cough are the most common symptoms. Several factors that correlated with lung function namely as personal protective equipment (p=0.001), length of working (p=0.003), and smoking habit (p=0.004). From multivariate analysis, personal protective equipment has a significant correlation with lung function (p=0.038). Conclusion: Increasing the concentration of sulfur dioxide may cause decreased of lung function but other factor like personal protective equipment showed a significant correlation with lung function.
Lung Function Impairment Among Firefighter After Forest Fire Disaster in Riau, Sumatra
Authors: Kurniawan Rudi , Rambe Seira Putri Boru , Yovie Indra , Samoedro Erlang , Susanto Agus Dwi , Zaini Jamal
Published: March 2022

Background: The 2015 forest fire disaster affected almost 2.6 million hectares of land in Indonesia, and Riau was among the worst. Firefighters were the first responders to deal with the disaster, but a little was known about the influence of extinguishing forest fire activities with their health. This study aimed to evaluate respiratory symptoms and lung function among firefighters 6 months after forest fire exposure.Methods: Interviews were conducted regarding sociodemographic factors, respiratory symptoms, and history of forest fire exposure during the disaster. Spirometry and chest X-ray were also carried out with standard techniques. Statistical analysis was performed based on the existing data. Ninety firefighters participated in this study, most were male with mean age of 33 years old. About 66% were smoker, had been working as firefighters for 2 to 10 years, and had been on extinguishing forest fire duty around 2–5 hours/day during the disaster.Results: All firefighters reported respiratory symptoms after 3 months. Pulmonary function was abnormal in 50% of subjects with mild restrictive characteristic. The analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) and duration of exposure had a significant correlation with pulmonary function abnormality.Conclusion: Pulmonary function was found abnormal in most subjects 6 months after forest fire exposure in Riau.
The Role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and D-Dimer in Predicting the Outcome of Confirmed COVID-19 patients
Authors: Isbaniah Fathiyah , Juliani Tomu , Damayanti Triya , Yenita Dewi , Yunus Faisal , Antariksa Budhi , Aniwidyaningsih Wahyu , Andarini Sita Laksmi , Handayani Diah
Published: March 2022

Background: Cytokine storm or hyperinflammation condition in COVID-19 patients could result in fatal outcomes. Inflammation could also result in coagulation disorders. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been known as inflammation markers in several diseases. D-dimer value can be used to assess a patient's coagulation status. Further study on thromboinflammation biomarkers in COVID-19 patients is needed. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the association between NLR, PLR, and d-dimer on the clinical outcome of confirmed COVID-19 patients at Persahabatan Central Hospital.Methods: Observational cohort retrospective analysis was conducted on 214 medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients who meet the inclusion criteria in Persahabatan Central Hospital from March to July 2020.Results: The mean patient’s age in this study is 54.35 years, dominated by male patients (60.7%). Most of the patients had normal nutritional status (54.7%). The proportion of patients with comorbidities is 65.4%. The most common comorbid is hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus. 76.1% of patients have severe-critically ill disease, followed by moderate (20.1%) and mild disease (3.7%) The length of hospitalization median were 12 days. Sixty patients (28%) have died during hospitalization. The median of initial value of NLR, PLR, and d-dimer is 5.75 (0.68–81.5), 243.5 (44.7–1607), and 1140 (190–141300) respectively. We found significant associations between NLR (p = 0.000), PLR (p=0.013) and d-dimer (p = 0.032) on clinical outcome. Conclusion: Initial value of NLR, PLR, and D-dimer of confirmed COVID-19 patients at Persahabatan Central Hospital were associated with clinical outcome.
Immunological Aspects of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Arliny Yunita
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe interaction of diabetes mellitus (DM) with tuberculosis (TB) is currently a health concern. Diabetes mellitus is one of the main risk factors for TB infection to become latent TB and / or progress to active TB. Immune mechanisms contribute to this increased risk. The disruption of the mycobacteria recognition process, phagocyte activity and cellular activity will affect the disruption of cytokine and chemokine production. Hyperglycemia that occurs will result in delayed adaptive immune response resulting in reduced Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells as well as the cytokines produced by these cells that play a role in macrophage activation and TB inflammatory response. Understanding of the immune mechanisms that underlie the sensitivity of DM to TB infection, especially latent TB, will facilitate the implementation of strategies in screening and therapy to deal with the double burden of both diseases. The purpose of this literature study focuses on the relationship of DM with latent TB infection in terms of immunology.
Specific levels of calcidiol, calcitriol, cathelicidin and interferon gamma in diabetic patients with TB infection in Jakarta, Indonesia; Case control study
Authors: Arliny Yunita , Yanifitri Dewi Behtri , Yanti Budi , Mursalin Diennisa
Published: March 2022

Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune system via Vitamin D receptors, expressed by T-helper cells (Th). Cathelicidin LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide that acts as the primary barrier against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterial infection, which is induced by calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D3. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine released by Th-1 cells, and is essential for the elimination of M. tuberculosis. This study aims to determine the state of, and correlation between, calcidiol, calcitriol, cathelicidin and IFN-γ levels, as well as other clinical factors among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with active TB coinfection. Further analysis is also performed to study the differences between T2DM patients with active tuberculosis, latent TB and without TB infection.
Outcomes Prediction Using qSOFA, SpO2 / FiO2 and Procalcitonin of Pneumonia Sepsis Patients In Lung Ward at Dr. M.Djamil Padang Hospital
Authors: Irawan Eka , Medison Irvan , Khairsyaf Oea , Anggraini Fenty
Published: March 2022

Background: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to severe infections, sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the outcome prediction using qSOFA, SpO2/FiO2 Rasio and Procalcitonin in sepsis pneumonia patients in Lung ward of Dr. M DJamil Padang Hospital. Methods: Cohort study design with correlative analytics for 43 pneumonia sepsis patiens in Lung ward at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital from September 2019 until to Februari 2020. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling method. Results: There were a significant relationship between qSOFA score with procalcitonin (p value = 0.006). There were no significant relationship between SpO2/FiO2 Rasio with procalcitonin (p value = 0.128). There were a significant relationship between qSOFA scores with patient outcomes (p value = 0.036), there were no significant relationship between procalcitonin with patient outcomes (p value = 0.205), and there were a significant relationship betweenSpO2/FiO2 Rasio with patient outcomes (p value = 0.019). Conclusion: qSOFA and SpO2 / FiO2 Rasio can predict the outcomes of patients with sepsis pneumonia
The Effect of Inspiratory Breathing Muscle Exercise Using Respirometer on Changes in Lung Function and Dyspnea Severity in Tuberculosis Pleurisy Patients
Authors: Irmaini Irmaini , Priyanto Herry , Yanifitri Dewi Behtri
Published: March 2022

Background: Respirometer has been commonly used to improve lung function, prevent atelectasis and respiratory complications after surgery. The effectiveness of respirometer to improve lung re-expansion in pleural effusion has not been well studied. So far there is no such study implemented to examine this association in pleural effusion particularly tuberculosis pleurisy in Aceh. Method: This was an experimental pretest-posttest controlled trial in patients with tuberculosis pleurisy hospitalized in dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital between July and December 2019. Systematic random sampling was used to gather 40 samples, which then divided into intervention and control group consisted of 20 people in each group. All participants performed spirometry and were assessed for dyspnea severity using Borg scale after thoracocentesis and repeated 6 days later. Only intervention group received exercise using respirometer. Data were examined statistically using paired T-test and Mann Whitney Test. Results: The majority of participants were male (68%) with mean age of 42 years old. Around one-third of samples were smokers with mean Brinkman Index of 273 (moderate). The nutritional status was mostly good with mean BMI of 21 (normal). There were significant improvements of FEV1 and FVC values before and after 6 days in both groups. However, if the improvements were compared between intervention and control groups, only FVC improved significantly in intervention group (P= 0.019) whereas FEV1 improved in both groups without significant difference (P= 0.456). Similar result was seen in dyspnea severity where both groups experienced improvement after 6 days with or without intervention. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle exercise using respirometer could improve lung function, particularly FVC value, significantly and could be an option for additional therapy to help lung re-expansion in tuberculosis pleurisy.
The Public Trust Doctrine and the Climate Crisis: Panacea or Platitude?
Authors: Regalia Joseph
Published: March 2022

Over a year of shutting down the global economy during the COVID pandemic achieved about .01 degrees of improvement in global warming. Not even a drop in the bucket. We continue to face a monumental climate crisis. And of the many ways that crisis threatens our environment, winnowing water resources is one of the scariest. One solution that many scholars have turned to is the public trust doctrine. At first blush, this doctrine sounds like a panacea for water management problems: When our water resources are threatened enough that current and future citizen’s access to it is in peril, the trust kicks in. The government must take steps to protect our waterbodies. So no surprise that scholars have flocked to the doctrine and analyzed just about every angle of the public trust. Save perhaps one: Does it even work? Much less attention has been paid to what concrete impact the public trust is having on real litigation. There is no shortage of language in case law or state statutes about the trust. But does that language do any good? This article tries to answer that question, collecting data about state court decisions mentioning the public trust doctrine in thirty states. Our team reviewed the cases and coded them based on how authorities used the public trust doctrine. Our goal was to answer a key question: When does the public trust doctrine matter in real cases? In other words, when do courts use the doctrine to protect natural water resources? Beyond shedding light on how effective the doctrine is on the ground, this article’s goal is to offer insights about both successful and unsuccessful cases. What can we learn from the cases in which it does work that might equip litigants to wield this weapon better in the future? In most cases reviewed, the public trust doctrine was ineffective at combatting climate change or other harms to natural water resources. But the data offers ideas for moving forward towards a version of the public trust that will have teeth in the climate fight.
The Oversimplification of Deregulation: A Case Study on Clinical Decision Support Software
Authors: Shah Deeva
Published: March 2022

Until the December 2016 passage of the Cures Act, the FDA had regulatory power over clinical decision support (CDS) software; however, the Act removed a large group of CDS software from the FDA’s statutory authority. Congressional intent was to increase innovation by removing regulatory blockades—such as device testing and certification—from the FDA’s purview. This note argues that the enactment of this specific provision of the Act will instead stymie innovation and overlook the unfortunate safety consequences inherent in its deregulation. CDS software is a burgeoning field ripe for innovation; however, rapid innovation can often lead to a slew of mistakes—mistakes in software coding, mistakes in software implementation, and even mistakes in software design. This note considers the issues with deregulating CDS software, focusing on the health and safety concerns, as well as the lack of incentive for software creators to share algorithms. This note then proposes other, less-invasive regimes for CDS software regulation to address these problems.
Property Rights in Augmented Reality
Authors: Conroy Declan
Published: March 2022

Increasingly, cities, towns, and even rural communities are being slowly reshaped by a dynamic yet initially imperceptible phenomenon: the elaboration of augmented reality. Through applications that place virtual features over specific, real-world locations, layers of augmented reality are proliferating, adding new elements to an increasingly wide range of places. However, while many welcome the sudden appearance of arenas for battling digital creatures in their neighborhood or the chance to write virtual messages on their neighbor’s wall, the areas being augmented oftentimes are privately owned, thereby implicating property rights. Many intrusions, of course, are de minimis: an isolated, invisible Pikachu unexpectedly appearing over the GPS coordinates corresponding with one’s home can hardly be labeled a tragedy. Nevertheless, other infringements—such as the inundation of a church’s facade with offensive digital messages or the establishment of a virtual center of commerce in one’s backyard—seem to demand a solution. To date, however, commentators, courts, and litigants have almost universally assumed that property law does not and cannot provide recourse for such intangible invasions.

Resisting such expectations, this Essay will argue that not only can property law play a role in augmented reality, but that its application in this context leads naturally to a regime that protects real property owners’ interest in the digital space linked to their property. In the process of so doing, this Essay will illuminate how recognizing real property owners’ right to control relevant parcels of site-specific augmented reality does not mark a novel expansion of property law but accords—and in many ways is dictated by—existing theory and precedent. The project is divided into four parts. Part I provides an overview of augmented reality and its myriad applications, highlighting in the process the concerns many of these applications raise for real property owners. Part II then dissects a number of different property law theories and illustrates how rights to augmented reality—specifically rights inhering in the owner of the corresponding parcel of land—fit comfortably into each one. Finally, Part III analyzes case law supporting the recognition of this new property interest, focusing in particular on the ancient ad coelum and much more recent cyberproperty lines of cases. Part IV offers a brief conclusion.
Forum Shopping in Patent Cases: Lessons for the Unified Patent Court
Authors: Jacobsmeyer Brian
Published: March 2022

Despite the United Kingdom’s pending high-profile exit from the EU and rising Euroscepticism across the continent, the EU presses forward with its plans to unify patent litigation under a single court system. That new system—the Unified Patent Court—seeks to promote “uniformity of the Union legal order and the primacy of European Union law.” In pursuit of this goal, the UPC includes a number of provisions seeking to curb a rising problem facing jurisdictions across the globe: forum shopping in patent cases. The current European system and the U.S. system have seen a rise in forum shopping over the past couple decades, leading to increased appeals, raised litigation costs, reduced certainty for litigants, and the over-concentration of patent cases in just a few forums. This rise of forum shopping in the U.S. and Europe provides valuable lessons for the UPC’s proponents as the UPC moves toward implementation. A comparison of the UPC with the U.S. and European systems reveals that the UPC, in its present form, will likely face similar problems with forum shopping. But several changes to the UPC suggested in this paper will allow that court to better combat forum shopping.
Communication Circuits and Inequalities of Health: A Case of Greenlanders in Denmark
Authors: Schwalbe Daria
Published: March 2022

Discourses surrounding migration and integration often see language, and in particular the knowledge of the native language, as a crucial barrier to minorities’ access to healthcare and welfare benefits, equal healthcare treatment, social integration, and psychological wellbeing. Using methods of ethnographic and interactional sociolinguistic and conversational analysis our project investigates how healthcare and welfare professionals and Greenlandic patients define, interpret and manage communication and
language inequalities in face-to-face encounters. What are the practical, cognitive, psychological and social consequences of “miscommunication” for the Danish Greenlanders? We examine four distinct aspects of
communication: conversational strategies, non-verbal behavior, linguistic insecurity, and attitudes. Our aim is to understand the entire communicative circuit (i.e. channels by which information is transmitted),
developing on our idea of “affective language economies of health”.
Proposed Repair of Queues for Trucks Transporting TBS at PT Nirmala Agro Lestari's Weight Bridge with Promodel Software
Authors: Cornellia Riri
Published: March 2022

Queue often causes some problems, one of which is inefficiency in time and expense. PT Nirmala Agro Lestari is endeavoring to optimize the line of TBS truck transports on weight bridge. If the queue at weight bridge PT Nirmala Agro Lestari is going on constantly will result in its slow delivery of TBS to the production area and affect the quality of production. To avoid this, companies conduct queue simulations in order to determine whether the queue system is efficient or should be implemented as an adjustment. PT Nirmala Agro Lestari has always been trying to reach consumer demand targets, with production capacity of 60 tons/hour. The study used the method of queue theory by creating a model of queue simulations based on actual conditions using the promodel. The data on this study is from the TBS transport queue to the weight bridge of PT Nirmala Agro Lestari. The simulation steps on this research was to design an optimum model of line simulation with promodel and test the proposed model for a line model by calculating the workload of TBS trucks. Model modifications are needed because there is still a queue of buildup in the TBS weight bridge loading process. At weight bridge at 90,95%, there is high activity at weight bridge because of the time of service and the frequency of trucks over at the high harvest time that gives trucks a long line of time to enter the production process. The addition of weight bridge to two units shows a utilisation drop on the entry road to the weight bridge from 71.34% to 22.82%, and 90,95% to 62.30%.
Tingkat Pemahaman Mahasiswa antar Pembelajaran Online dan Offline dalam masa pandemi Covid-19 menggunakan metode Forward Chaining
Authors: Sitanggang Alfina Tiurmida
Published: March 2022

Advances in science and technology have changed this world. One of the data technologies that function in the world of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic is online education. Online education is used as a liaison between lecturers and students in an internet network that is accessed anytime. However, student learning outcomes in online and offline learning have not shown maximum results. Various obstacles arise that affect student learning outcomes online and offline during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to predict the level of student understanding in online and offline learning. So that it can also help Pelita Indonesia universities to take the right policies to improve the quality of learning in the future. To solve the various problems above, an expert system is needed to predict. In the expert system used is the forward chaining method. The forward chaining method is a method that performs forward tracking, starting from a collection of facts and ending at a conclusion. So that the accuracy value is obtained. With the results of the accuracy test, it determines the level of understanding between online and offline learning.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator And Explaining (SFE) Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Aqidah Akhlak Kelas XI IPA DI Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah 02 Pondok Modern Paciran Lamongan
Authors: Himmatul Husniyah
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) learning model on im proving Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes in class XI science. This study uses a quantitative approach with a total of 49 respondents, using sample data. Collecting data using pre-test and post-test questions. The collected data were analyzed by validity test, normality test, correlation test, and significance test. Based on the results of data calculations through the SPSS 23.0 for windows program. In testing the hypothesis, the researcher used the product moment correlation test, there was a positive effect using the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) learning model on improving student learning outcomes, with r_xy=0.6228 rounded up to 0.623. Based on the results of the significance test above, it was obtained that tcount = 5.459 and ttable with 49 respondents at the average significant level of = 0.05 and dk = n-2 was obtained at 1.678. It can be concluded that there is an effect of the Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) learning model on improving Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes in class XI IPA at MA Muhammadiyah 02 Pondok Modern Paciran.
Konsep Teologi Perspektif Para Rasul
Authors: Suharsono
Published: March 2022

Every Muslim is required to believe that Islam is the true religion. Even though, the prohibition against demeaning other religions has to be carried out. Moreover, it hurts the adherents of other religions outside Islam. The humiliate attitude towards other religions and faith actually shows that Islam is not a noble religion. Whereas the command of Allah SWT in the Qur’an and the spirit brought by the prophet Muhammad SAW is rahmatan lil ‘alamin (the mercy for the whole world).Muslims make the prophet Muhammad SAW as the role model in social life especially in religion. He was the role model of a leader who had charismatic character and able to made peaceful and pleasant feelings for people he led even though they had different faith. This shows that there is no compulsion in having religion. People are free to choose their religion and faith which means that there is no arrogance in theology.In theology, many groups emerged, and each of them brought their own arguments. However the clear concept in Islam’s view is the theology which is based on the genuineness of teachings brought by the Prophets. So, no wonder if all emerged groups claimed that their opinion was the most correct arguments, that is the Ahlu Sunnah Waljama’ah.
Tugas Dan Peran Guru Menurut Perspektif Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Yazidul Busthomi  , Syamsul A’dlom
Published: March 2022

Being a teacher is a really noble job. He is responsible not only to make human children smart in the field of science, but also to have good morals in this life. A human child who at first does not understand anything, in front of a teacher is educated to understand life better and know the world. On his shoulders are the duties and responsibilities for the future sustainability of a generation that is smarter and more civilized. So noble is the job of a teacher as well as how heavy the task and responsibility of being a teacher is. This is why not everyone can be a successful teacher. Only certain people who have a love for children or students and are highly dedicated to the world of education are able to become teachers. This is the personality of a teacher who successfully teaches and educates in front of his students, the figure of a favorite teacher who is loved by his students. According to the perspective of Islamic education, in addition to serving as coaches and educators of students, teachers also have duties and roles as follows: 1.Corrector, 2.Inspirator, 3.Informer, 4.Organisator, 5.Motivator, 6.Initiator, 7. Facilitator, 8.Supervisor, 9.Demonstrator, 10.Class Manager, 11. Mediator, 12.Supervisor, 13.Evalator.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Website (WORDWALL) Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Kelas VII Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah 12 Palirangan Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Idzi’ Layyinnati
Published: March 2022

This research has purpose to produces learning materials that proper theoritically and empirically feasible digital learning media in the form of a website (wordwal) supported by increased learning outcomes and student responses to learning with the object of student research in MTs. This study uses a 4D development model (four D models) define, design, develop and disseminate but do not disseminate with a trial design using a one group pretest posttest design implementation. Collecting data using validation methods, questionnaires, tests and observations while data analysis is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study are: Variables related to the validity of the website (wordwal) in terms of feasibility in the theoretical and empirical fields, respectively 82.5% and 91.3 and very positive student responses 80.3%; assessment of student learning outcomes increased from N-Gain 0.86 with the high category. The media developed is suitable for use in learning and can improve student learning outcomes.