bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les coopératives au Maroc, entre bricolage et développement rural : le cas des regroupements de fromage de chèvre de Chefchaouen
Authors: M’Barki Rayyane , Schmitz Serge
Published: November 2023

Les stratégies agricoles au Maroc accordent une attention particulière à l’élément humain et appuient l’agriculture solidaire pour promouvoir le développement rural. Dans ce cadre, l’État apporte un soutien technique, financier et commercial aux coopératives, ce qui a favorisé leur multiplication. Cependant, et malgré la réussite de plusieurs regroupements, certaines coopératives ont échoué ou fonctionnent en incohérence avec les principes de base des coopératives. Cet article explore ce bricolage coopératif qui ne correspond pas au concept promu par les instances internationales mais qui peut être un atout pour le renouvellement des sociétés et des économies rurales. L’analyse s’appuiera sur l’étude du cas du terroir du fromage de chèvre de Chefchaouen et repose sur une enquête menée auprès des acteurs agricoles au niveau régional et départemental, des acteurs de la filière, des habitants et des consommateurs.
Du cinéma dans, en dehors ou en marge de la classe ? L’introduction du septième art à l’école (1963-1999)
Authors: Souillés-Débats Léo
Published: November 2023

Reconnu progressivement comme un art durant l’entre-deux-guerres en France, le cinéma devient, à partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, un enjeu majeur dans le domaine de l’enseignement. Mais si l’État reconnaît la nécessité d’accorder une place officielle au septième art au sein de l’école, aucune mesure concrète et véritablement ambitieuse n’aboutira, à l’échelle nationale, avant les années 1980. Pendant près de trente ans, l’enseignement du cinéma trouve donc une place ambivalente, partagé entre temps scolaire et périscolaire, en marge ou au sein même de la classe, au gré des initiatives ponctuelles et individuelles portées par des enseignants cinéphiles généralement investis dans les réseaux de l’éducation populaire et encouragés par quelques inspecteurs et chefs d’établissements précurseurs, avant d’obtenir un statut clairement délimité au sein de l’espace éducatif à la fin du siècle. Le présent article se propose ainsi d’étudier cette période charnière qui voit le cinéma traverser cette frontière du périscolaire pour trouver sa place dans la salle de classe en interrogeant les enjeux pédagogiques, politiques et économiques que cette reconnaissance institutionnelle suppose.
Notre École, institution d’enseignement à distance pour une élite conservatrice, 1907-1926
Authors: Kergariou (de) Étienne
Published: November 2023

Notre École est une institution de cours par correspondance pour les élèves de premier et deuxième cycles de l’enseignement secondaire, réservé à l’époque à l’élite sociale. Elle est certainement l’une des plus anciennes expériences d’éducation à distance pour des enfants. Fondée par des parents d’élèves conservateurs, en réaction à la fermeture des écoles congréganistes de France au début du XXe siècle, elle développe une pédagogie en exploitant les technologies disponibles à l’époque. L’ensemble des numéros de la revue hebdomadaire, médium de ces cours, est conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France et permet de découvrir cette institution pédagogiquement innovante et politiquement conservatrice.
Selenium-based black bronze treatment, as compared to other patination technologies of ancient and historic black bronzes
Authors: Mass Jennifer L. , Shugar Aaron , Finnefrock Adam C. , Tanimoto Satoko , Little Margaret , Stein Renée , Archie Ellen
Published: November 2023

Metalworkers have used black patinas on high-status diminutive bronzes in the Mediterranean and Far East beginning in Antiquity. The textual evidence for these bronzes can be ambiguous, but their compositions have been intensively studied and characterized in recent decades. In addition to the ancient technologies, elemental and molecular analysis of black bronzes across millennia and cultures reveals the frequent presence of selenium-based patinas, which we have identified as copper selenite dihydrate. Selenium patination formulations have long been viewed as the 19th century response to the black patinated alloys (such as shakudō and shibuichi) that arrived in Europe from Japan beginning in the Meiji restoration. However, the 19th century European technological literature does not support this, and so selenium-based patination technologies have remained obscure. In this paper, we examine the proliferation of selenium-based technologies in the early 20th century, along with the merits of hypotheses for their origins in patina formulations.
Les tableaux cultuels d’Égypte romaine : étude matérielle des deux panneaux du musée du Louvre (Dioscure, MND 193 – E 10815 ; Hèrôn et Lycurgue, RFML.AE.2020.8.1)
Authors: Thomas Caroline , Brunel-Duverger Lucile
Published: November 2023

L’acquisition récente par le département des Antiquités égyptiennes du musée du Louvre d’un rare panneau peint représentant les dieux Hèrôn et Lycurgue a coïncidé avec un programme d’étude matérielle mené sur la collection de portraits de momie et de tableaux cultuels (Fayoum). Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet international Appear sur les panneaux peints d’Égypte romaine, dont l’objectif est la mise en commun des résultats afin de mieux appréhender les processus de création de ces objets. Cet article présente les données issues de la campagne menée sur les deux tableaux cultuels conservés au Louvre, en les mettant en perspective avec celles obtenues sur d’autres panneaux cultuels et sur la production contemporaine des portraits de momie. Il en ressort que les tableaux de divinités semblent partager des caractéristiques techniques communes : réalisés avec des bois indigènes, ils sont peints à la détrempe selon une palette typique de la polychromie de l’Égypte romaine.
A Cultural and Global Curriculum for All Learners
Authors: Manzone Jessica A. , Nyberg Julia L.
Published: November 2023

Classrooms are brimming with learners who demonstrate their talents by responding to interactions in a global world. These learners are astute at acknowledging global context and building an awareness of the cultural, ethnic, racial, linguistic, and socioeconomic diversity that exists within themselves and others. They are nuanced in recognizing the multifaceted aspects of identity and constantly make connections to their home and community. Yet, the curriculum they experience in schools does not openly value or solicit this type of knowledge. This chapter presents a continuum for educators to reflect on their curriculum through a critically conscious lens. Instructional constructs are provided to guide educators in acknowledging and integrating global and cultural competencies into classroom learning experiences. This chapter presents reflection questions and curriculum connections that teachers can use to nurture and sustain Cultural and Global Competence in all learners.
Our World, Our Fight
Authors: Novak Angela Marie , Anderson Brittany N.
Published: November 2023

Teaching advocacy and activism is a pivotal practice for talented youth. Advocacy is broadly defined as championing a cause, from self-advocacy and community/local issues to sociopolitical and global awareness contexts. Activism is the shared struggle for the “inalienable right of all people to human be—to be liberated from any project of violence that treats… persons…less than fully human” (Valdez et al.). This chapter first builds the background in the three characteristics of pivotal practices: authentic, cognitive, and holistic. Each of these characteristics has a pivotal practice in play section, providing the reader with an exemplar of grassroots activism or advocacy using relevant examples that readers can connect with from history, collective peace movements, Dolores Huerta, and Ella Baker. Finally, the chapter ends with a discussion and a present-day case study about this pivotal practice through an intersectional lens, and how teaching advocacy and activism impacts and is impacted by identity and agency.
Bringing PLCs to K-20 Talented Youth
Authors: Novak Angela Marie
Published: November 2023

This chapter describes professional learning communities, an educator practice, brought to K-20 classrooms as a pivotal practice for talented youth as student learning communities (SLCs). Several research-based models are used as the theoretical framework, including professional learning communities, culturally relevant intentional literacy communities, and learner centered classrooms. The SLC model is composed of three levels; the first two parts lay the groundwork of the learning environment (community space and place) and curriculum (progress-based learning goals with relevant content) for the successful implementation of the SLCs in the third level. The chapter concludes with examples of operationalizing the pivotal practice.
Trailblazing With Technology
Authors: Clark Nyree D.
Published: November 2023

This chapter explores the evolution of technology use in the K-12 educational setting, and how it has made a significant change over time. Frameworks guide educators in seeing the big picture of what and how they are instructing students. The 4S culturally responsive technology framework combines culturally responsive pedagogical practices with the 3T framework for technology innovation. This allows the technology to amplify and enhance what is being learned while celebrating the culture and language of the learner. Supplemental frameworks (Bloom's taxonomy, social justice standards, or CASEL) can be added to a lesson to personalize the learning experience for each community to ensure equitable practices are being met for all students. Technology in the hands of innovative educators and students can lead to transformational learning that extends the funds of knowledge for every learner.
Educational Technology Essential for Innovation
Authors: Tyerman-Marsh Jessica R.
Published: November 2023

Gifted and talented students often work well independently as self-directed learners, and technology can accelerate their learning. When empowered as a cohesive group, talented learners can make valuable contributions to society and amplify achievement. This chapter will explore working collaboratively to think critically and problem solve creatively while using technological tools and digital concepts. There are questions posed for pondering application to various educational practices. The author will delve into pivotal practices that promote digital literacy and lifelong learning in classrooms and cooperative contexts.
Opportunities and Challenges for Women Leaders in Environmental Management
Authors: Maity Swarnadeep
Published: November 2023

Women leaders in environmental management face unique opportunities and challenges in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries, opportunities include progressive policies, well-established institutions, and greater access to resources. Women can access quality education and training programs, legal frameworks promoting gender equality, and professional networks. However, in developed countries, women face challenges such as deep-rooted gender biases, stereotypes, and the 'glass ceiling' phenomenon, which limits women's representation in top decision-making positions. In developing countries, women leaders can engage with local communities and integrate traditional knowledge and sustainable practices into environmental management strategies. Limited resources and infrastructure in developing countries foster innovation and creativity, allowing them to develop contextualized solutions that address environmental challenges efficiently. However, challenges in developing countries include traditional gender roles, cultural norms, and resource constraints.
Women Leadership in Fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals in India
Authors: Khare Somya , Mishra Rohit
Published: November 2023

Rio in 1992 known as United Nations Conference on Environment and Development focused mainly on issues relating to environmental resources and intergenerational concerns of global warming, ozone layer depletion collectively termed as ‘green agenda.' However, with the development of sustainable development goals and growing awareness of ‘brown agenda' which is directly connected to the development process and environmental problems, it becomes quintessential to talk about gender equality.
The relationship between food quantity and diversity with stunting incidence in Indonesia
Authors: Indahsari Noer Kumala , Herliani Olivia , Masfufatun Masfufatun
Published: November 2023

Stunting often a result of inadequate nutrition or malnutrition, can be mitigated by ensuring both sufficient food quantity and dietary diversity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between food quantity and diversity with stunting incidence in toddlers. Employed a cross-sectional design, this observational research involved 39 randomly selected toddlers from a Surabaya Public Health Center in Indonesia. Researchers assessed nutritional status, diagnosing stunting using anthropometric measurements. Food quantity and diversity in the children’s diets were evaluated through a semi-Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed a significant relationship (p=0.001) between dietary diversity with stunting incidence but found no significant link (p=0.892) between food quantity with stunting. Stunting has multifactorial causes, some originating even before a child’s birth. After birth, several factors beyond dietary patterns influence stunting. Thus, addressing the causes of stunting necessitates a case-by-case approach and tailored interventions for each child.
Toxicoepidemiology of Phosphide Poisoning in the Central Part of Iran
Authors: Eizadi-Mood Nastaran , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Yaraghi Ahmad , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad , Alfred Sam
Published: November 2023

Objective:

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) and zinc phosphide (ZnP) are toxic agrochemical pesticides, which are commonly used as an agent of self-harm in developing countries. Because of high toxicity of phosphides, we evaluated toxico-epidemiology ALP and ZnP poisoning in with respect to outcome.

Methods:

We performed a cross-sectional study with retrospective chart review including the records for patients admitted due to phosphide poisoning (ALP, ZnP) in a poisoning referral center in Khorshid Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medial Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, outcome (survived or death), and length of hospital stay for the patients were recorded in a data collecting form. Binary backward stepwise logistic regression was used for outcome prediction.

Findings:

Sixty patients were evaluated in the study. The mean age of patients was 27.61. Thirty-nine patients were men. 96.7% of the patients ingested it intentionally. Most of the patients on admission were conscious (66.7%). Abnormality of EKG was noted in 8.3%. The mortality in ALP and ZnP poisoning was 39.2% and 22.2%, respectively. Serum bicarbonate and base excess in the venous blood gas analysis, systolic blood pressure, and serum sodium level were significantly different between patients with ALP and ZnP poisoning on admission time (P < 0.05). On admission, systolic blood pressure was an important predictive factor for mortality (odds ratio 4.87; 95% confidence interval: 1.5–15.45; P = 0.007).

Conclusion:

The rate of mortality in phosphide poisoning is high. Knowing predictive factors for mortality help physicians for selecting patients in intensive care unit admission and aggressive treatment.
Function of macrophage-derived exosomes in chronic liver disease: From pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Xiang Shi-Yi , Deng Kai-Li , Yang Dong-Xue , Yang Ping , Zhou Yu-Ping
Published: November 2023

Chronic liver disease (CLD) imposes a heavy burden on millions of people worldwide. Despite substantial research on the pathogenesis of CLD disorders, no optimal treatment is currently available for some diseases, such as liver cancer. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles, are composed of various cellular components. Exosomes have unique functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating cell communication, which are associated with the occurrence of disease. Furthermore, they have application potential in diagnosis and treatment by carrying diverse curative payloads. Hepatic macrophages, which are key innate immune cells, show extraordinary heterogeneity and polarization. Hence, macrophage-derived exosomes may play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various liver diseases. This review focuses on the effects of macrophage-derived exosomes on liver disease etiology and their therapeutic potential, which will provide new insights into alleviating the global pressure of CLD.
Global burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 1990-2019
Authors: Liu Zhi-Peng , Ouyang Guo-Qing , Huang Guo-Zhen , Wei Jie , Dai Luo , He Song-Qing , Yuan Guan-Dou
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (COCLDs).

AIM

To conduct a comprehensive and comparable updated analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of COCLDs due to NAFLD in 204 countries and territories from 1990 and 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index.

METHODS

Data on COCLDs due to NAFLD were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. Numbers and age-standardized prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated through a systematic analysis of modelled data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. The estimated annual percentage change was used to determine the burden trend.

RESULTS

In 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence rate of COCLDs due to NAFLD was 15022.90 per 100000 population [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 13493.19-16764.24], which increased by 24.51% (22.63% to 26.08%) from 1990, with an estimated annual percentage change of 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.82). In the same year, however, the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALYs per 100000 population were 1.66 (95%UI: 1.20-2.17) and 43.69 (95%UI: 31.28-58.38), respectively. North Africa and the Middle East had the highest prevalence rates of COCLDs due to NAFLD. The death rate increased with age up to the 95+ age group for both sexes. Males had higher numbers of prevalence, death rate, and DALYs than females across all age groups before the 65-69 age group. The sociodemographic index was negatively correlated with the age-standardized DALYs.

CONCLUSION

Globally, the age-standardized prevalence rate has increased during the past three decades. However, the age-standardized death rate and age-standardized DALYs decreased. There is geographical variation in the burden of COCLDs due to NAFLD. It is strongly recommended to improve the data quality of COCLDs due to NAFLD across all countries and regions to facilitate better monitoring of the burden of COCLDs due to NAFLD.
Letter to editor ‘Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness’
Authors: Gao Xin , Guo Xiao-Yan , Yang Long-Bao , Wei Zhong-Cao , Zhang Pan , Wang Ya-Tao , Liu Chen-Yu , Zhang Dan-Yang , Wang Yan
Published: November 2023

This letter to the editor relates to the study entitled "Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness". Acute bleeding caused by esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Due to the discomfort, contraindications, and associated complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening, it is crucial to identify an imaging-based non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.
Teachers’ Utilization Of Learning Resources And Attitude To Work On Learners’ Performance In English Language In Selected Primary Schools In Calabar South Local Government Area Of Cross River State
Authors: Solomon Agwayang Aniah , Felicia Unyekeme Uyimse , Lilian Oyak Odok , Stephen Olenye Edeh , Odim Otu Offem
Published: November 2023

The main purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ utilization of learning resources attitude to work and learners’ performance in English Language in selected primary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State. To achieve the purpose of this study, two research questions were posed, two hypotheses were formulated. Literature was reviewed based on the sub-variables of the study. Quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study using simple random technique with the sample of one hundred and twenty (120) respondents. Questionnaire instrument was used for data collection and the data was analyzed at 0.05 level of significant using independent t-test analysis to test the hypotheses. The results and conclusion of findings revealed that learning resources and teachers' attitude to work greatly influence learners' performance in English Language in Primary Schools in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings, some recommendations such as; teachers should be encouraged in schools to utilize learning resources in teaching. Pupils should be involved in the production of learning resources, appropriate tasks be assigned to teachers to enable them put in their best for learners' good academic performance.
Group Based Learning And Academic Achievement Of Upper Basic 2 Students’ In Pre-Vocational Studies In Umuahia North Local Government Area Of Abia State
Authors: Julius Michael Egbai , Anastecia William Osang , Ogbu Eke Eke
Published: November 2023

The study assessed the effect of Group based instructional strategy on upper basic two (junior secondary school two) students’ achievement in Prevocational studies in Umuahia North Local Government of Abia State. The study adopted a quasi-experimental control design; specifically the pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design was used. Two research questions were posed, and one hypothesis formulated to guide the study which was carried out in a Government co-education school in Umuahia North Council Area in Umuahia Education Zone of Abia State. Eighty-seven (87) JSS two students were used for the study. The study is a quasi- experimental study which employed pretest posttest control design and a 2x2 factorial design. Instrument used for data collection was Pre-vocational Studies Achievement Test (PSAT) developed by the researchers. PSAT was validated by three experts and the reliability coefficient using Kuder Richardson (KR-20) was found to be 0.81. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistics was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 significance level. The result revealed a significant factor on students’ achievement in Pre-vocational studies. Thus, it was confirmed that students taught Pre-vocational studies using Group based instructional strategy performed better than those taught using the lecture method. The result also revealed that gender was not a factor in achievement of students in Pre-vocational studies. It was recommended among other things that efforts should be made by curriculum experts to incorporate Group based instructional strategy, teaching strategy into the teaching of pre-vocational studies.
Hematological Profile Of Hiv/Aids Individuals With Opportunistic Respiratory Mycoses And Immune Status: A Cross Sectional Study In Uyo Nigeria
Authors: Godwin Akpan Nseobong , Mark Ogba Ofonime , John Umoyen Anthony , Okon Eyo Aniekan-Augusta , Ekerenam Etang Ubong , Dodoru Tuemi Robinson , Effiong Moses Anietie
Published: November 2023

Hematological abnormalities are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality among HIV infection. This study was aimed to determine hematological indices, abnormalities and the immune status of HIV/AIDS subjects having opportunistic pulmonary mycoses in Uyo, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was adopted using 230 subjects with pulmonary symptoms attending the Anti-retroviral clinics in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital and Saint Luke’s Hosipital, Anua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The hematological parameters and CD4 counts was determined using blood and sputum was used for mycological examinations. Data was analysed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and was significant at p = 0.05. HIV subjects were more prevalent in female 98(68.89%) than male 56(31.11%). The most commonest fungi was Aspergillus niger (44.76%) and the least was Cryptococcus species (9.00%). The common hematological abnormality was anaemia with 86(86.9%), lymphopenia 33(33.3%) and thrombocytopenia 3(3.0%) among HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses. The mean CD4 counts was 396.5±31.61 cells/µl (HIV) and 981.7±17.51 cells/µl (control individual). The CD4 counts below 200 cells/μl was observed in 19.4%(35) of AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS subjects with mycoses may develop hematological abnormalities such as anaemia, neutropenia and leucopenia due to low immune status.
Comparison Of Sewage And Solid Waste Disposal Methods Among Households In Urban And Rural Local Government Areas Of Anambra State
Authors: Chigoziri Chikwe Princewill , Fidelia Emelumadu Obiageli , C Ibeh Christian , Nwamaka Ezeama Nkiru , Nandi Kuyahar Grace
Published: November 2023

Improper sewage and solid waste disposal lead to environmental pollution and increased risk of communicable diseases. This study compared the sanitation and solid waste disposal facilities utilized in selected rural and urban local government areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1310 households and data was collected from household heads or a designated adult representative using of quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (KII) data collection methods. The independent variables in this study are the sociodemographic variables and the geographical location of the respondents while the dependent variables are the toilet facilities and solid waste disposal methods. Data from the questionnaire was analyzed using the SPSS version 23 and the hypotheses were tested with the inferential statistics of Chi square at 0.05 level of significance. Most respondents lie between the age group of 31-50 years. Most of the respondents in both the urban (84.4%) and rural(65.0%) areas had secondary education and above but a higher proportion in the urban compared to rural have tertiary education(41.9% versus 22.1%). The difference in educational status was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). There were more business men (46.6%) and civil servants (38.8%) in the urban area than the rural area. Most rural respondents were farmers(41.5%). Many urban household use toilet with sewer connection 152(11.7%) while pit latrine with slab is the most commonly used toilet facility 242 (18.6%). Burning was more commonly used by the rural households (n = 266, 20.5%). Open dumping of refuse and disposal into gullies and water ways were commonly done by the urban households. The gaps that exist between rural and urban areas of Anambra state may present serious health risk and environmental degradation .This issues can be addressed through health education, building more sanitary infrastructure to include the rural areas and enforcing sanitation laws.
Evaluation Of Domestic Liquid Waste Management System In The Volta Region Of Ghana. (A Case Study Of Hohoe Township)
Authors: D Amoako Austin , Y Ahiabor Seth , Adzim Ernest , Adjokatse Isaac , Adiku Prosper , Machator John , Amofa Felix , Awo Norvivor Forgive
Published: November 2023

The study evaluated liquid waste management in the Hohoe Township in the Hohoe Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana. Knowledge level of the respondents on liquid waste management as well as health effects of poor liquid waste management were addressed in detail. The study was also geared towards the improvement of liquid waste management and disposal at the community and household levels by way of encouraging modern system of disposal and treatment facilities as well as providing awareness about existing disposal systems in the area. The significance of the study was to create awareness in Hohoe township on the relationship between liquid waste and disease associated with its poor management. The targeted premises of one hundred (100) respondents were selected in the study area by which simple and accidental sampling procedures were used based on the views and comments of the respondents. Results from the study indicates that majority of respondents 87(87%) confirmed that, the latrines are not regularly dislodged while 13(13%) of the respondents stated that the latrines are dislodged regularly whiles majority of the responds (55%) dispose domestic liquid waste on to the ground to avoid dust. It was concluded that environmental sanitation management is not only about solid and hazardous waste management but requires Integrated Waste Management approach. Individual households and the Environmental and Heath department of the Hohoe municipal Assemble must pay attention to the management of liquid waste in the municipality. The study revealed lack of commitment in dealing with the problem including the introduction of scientific and engineered methods of liquid waste disposal.
Groundwater-recharge estimation in Waja-Golesha Sub-basin, Northern Ethiopia: An approach using WetSpass Model
Authors: Kidane Seyoum Bezabih
Published: November 2023

Understanding the spatial variability of groundwater recharge in response to distributed Land-use, soil texture,  topography, groundwater level, and hydrometeorological parameters is significant when considering the safety of  groundwater resource development. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the groundwater recharge of the Waja-Golesha  watershed, in northern Ethiopia using the WetSpass (Water and Energy Transfer between, Soil, Plants, and Atmosphere  under quasi Steady State) hydrological model. The model inputs are prepared in the form of 20m grid size maps and  attribute tables. The model parameters table was prepared using expert knowledge and scientific literature. The  modeling results of long-term spatial-temporal annual rainfall of 664.5 mm were fractionated as 161.5 mm (24%) of  runoff, 438.2 mm (71%) evapotranspiration, and the remaining 29 mm (5%) of groundwater recharge. From the entire  area of the sub-basin (532.6 km2), 1.6*105 cubic meters (m3) of water was added to the groundwater through  infiltration. The seasonal distribution of the recharge indicates that 72% occurred in the wet season while the rest 28%  resulted in the dry season. The evaluation of the modeled output indicates that WetSpass works well to model the  groundwater recharge of the Waja-Golesha sub-basin. To preserve the resource's long-term viability, the balance  between groundwater recharge and projected abstraction rates for agriculture and domestic water supply must be  considered in future groundwater resource development plans in the watershed.
Identification and characterization of honeybee flora in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mossie Tesfa , Worku Hayat
Published: November 2023

Due to the existence of diverse floral resources and favorable ecological conditions, Ethiopia is still one of the top ten  natural honey producers worldwide. The study was conducted to identify and characterize the phenology and pollen  potential of major bee forages in the various Agro-ecological conditions of Jimma zone. A total of 90 beekeepers were  purposefully selected from three districts and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. The density and  abundance of flowering plants were determined using sixty main quadrant sampling techniques. In addition, sixty-six  pollen specimens were collected for one year using pollen traps at seven-day intervals and were also traced back to  plant species level under a light microscope. The diversity of the bee flora was determined using the Shannon-Wiener  diversity index. Based on survey, pollen load collection, and plant inventory data, the study has revealed the presence of  141 pollen and/or nectar-source honeybee plant species belonging to 62 families in the study area. Herbs were the most  dominant bee flora growth forms, accounting for 62 (44%) of a total of 141 honeybee plant species, followed by  trees at 48 (34%) and shrubs at 31 (22%), respectively. Herbaceous plant had a greater density value of plant species per  plot than did trees and shrubs. The families with the highest number of species were Fabaceae 18 (12.8%), Asteraceae  11(7.8%), Poaceae 9(6.4%), Solanaceae 6 (4.3%), Acanthaceae 4 (2.8%), and Euphorbiaceae 4 (2.8%) in the study area.  One hundred fifteen (81.6%) bee forage species were both sources of pollen and nectar, whereas fifteen (10.6%) were  pollen sources and the remaining eleven (7.8%) were nectar source plant species. The Shannon diversity index and  evenness were found to be 2.8 and 0.6, respectively. This indicated that the study area has a rich bee floral plant species  and is suitable for beekeeping. The midland Agro-ecology relatively has the highest species diversity, richness and  evenness compared to the highland and lowland Agro-ecologies. Two main flowering periods of honeybee plants were  followed by two honey flow season. Therefore, beekeepers should follow floral calendar of honeybee plants to exploit  the potential of the area for honey production.
Dry matter accumulation dynamics, morphological characteristics and nutritive value of desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass varieties in the central Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Gezahagn , Feyissa Fekede , Faji Mulisa , Mohammed Kedir , Dejene Mesfin , Mengistu Gezahegn , Geleti Diriba , Assefa Getnet , Alemayehu Mengistu , Mengistu Solomon , Mengistu Alemayehu , Tsegahun Aschalew
Published: November 2023

Desho (Pennisetum glaucifolium) grass is one of the indigenous cultivated multipurpose perennial forage crops grown  for animal feed and soil conservation practices in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to evaluate desho grass varieties  for their morphological characteristics, dry matter yield performance, and nutritive value in the central highlands of  Ethiopia. The study was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Center during the main cropping seasons of 2013 -  2017 under rain fed conditions. Four varieties of desho grass, viz. Areka (DZF # 590), Kulumsa (DZF # 592), Kindu Kosha-1  (DZF # 591), and Kindu Kosha-2 (DZF # 589) were planted in a randomized complete block design with three  replications. Though the plant height of desho grass varieties was not significant (P>0.05) at each production year and  combined over years, it significantly differed among the production years. The number of nodes per plant and leaf to  stem ratio varied significantly while the internode length was not significant among desho grass varieties. The  combined over years analysis indicated that the leaf and stem dry matter yields varied significantly (P<0.05) for desho  grass varieties. Furthermore, the leaf and stem dry matter yields differed significantly among the production years. The  total dry matter yield accumulated by desho grass varieties varied significantly and Areka (DZF # 590) variety  accumulated the highest dry matter yield (23.8 t/ha) followed by Kulumsa (DZF # 592) variety (23.1 t/ha), while Kindu  Kosha-1 (DZF # 591) accumulated the least (18.8 t/ha) dry matter yield. The first year of production produced the lowest  dry matter yield while the accumulation of dry matter yield increased for consecutive production years but the yield  declined in the last production year. The highest dry matter yield was accumulated in the 2016 production year and it  had 19.8 and 4.3% advantages over the 2014 and 2015 production years, respectively. The crude protein yield and  nutritive value among desho grass varieties was not significant. The result indicated that the crude protein yield of  desho grass varieties ranged from 2.8 to 4.0 t/ha with a mean of 3.4 t/ha. Similarly, the crude protein content ranged  from 10.7 to 12.5% with a mean of 11.7%. Generally, the varieties have comparable performances for measured traits in  the study area. However, further study should be conducted over locations and years to select and recommend the best   variety for the study area and to other similar agro-ecologies.
Levels of Heavy Metals and Potential Human Health Risks via Consumption of Leafy Vegetables Purchased in Popular Local Market in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Agboola O. O. , Oyedeji S. , Olawoyin T. A. , Unazi I. E. , Bolarinwa K. A. , Eze S. C. , Olowoyo J. O.
Published: November 2023

The increase in consumption of leafy vegetables and their inclusion in daily diet have necessitated vegetable farming throughout the year on very busy road-side farms and gardens and conventional and non-conventional farming areas without consideration for potential risk to health of the consumers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the levels of copper, zinc, chromium and nickel and evaluate the potential health risks to human exposure via the consumption of Celosia argentea, Talinum triangulare and Vernonia amygdalina leafy vegetables purchased in a popular local market in Lagos, Nigeria using ICP-MS after complete dissolution by mixed-acid digestion , The results indicated the presence of Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni with ranges of 6.50 ±0.37 - 18.98±0.31 mg/g, 1.33±0.03 - 7.30±0.19 mg/g, 1.00±0.06 - 3.90±0.60 mg/g and 0.49±0.02 - 2.01±0.06 mg/g respectively. Cu had the highest significant concentrations in V. amygdalina among the vegetables and with the highest concentrations at Site A. The concentrations of all trace metals in the leafy vegetables exceeded the stipulated WHO/FAO permissible standards. Overall, the hazard quotients for trace metals were low, indicating that they may not pose a health risk to the populace through consumption of the leafy vegetables, however, the continuous consumption may pose a serious health risk owing to values recorded that were above the acceptable limit set by WHO.
Impact of 64-Kilometer Owerri-Umuahia Road Dualization on Communities and Environment in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Iroh K. O. , Kayode-Ojo N.
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate the economic, social, and environmental consequences of road dualization on the 64- kilometer Owerri-Umuahia road, in Imo State, Nigerian using appropriate techniques such as baseline surveys, data collection through surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. Data obtained reveals that 30.75% of respondents agreed that, the Owerri-Umuahia road dualization had a positive impact on reducing traffic congestion. Based on the traffic criteria, the travel volume, congestion frequency, and travel time are 35.6%, 38.5%, and 20.0% enhanced with a consistency ratio of 0.00819. Statistical analyses and reliability assessment methods, such as Cronbach's alpha and Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP are used to ensure data validity and internal consistency. The study highlights the importance of inclusive infrastructure development that caters to the diverse requirements and viewpoints of the local populace. Despite concerns about insufficient engagement between government officials and local communities during the planning phases of infrastructure projects, road dualization is widely approved by residents, with the majority expressing satisfaction. Tangible improvements are observed in road quality, traffic management, safety measures, accessibility to amenities, environmental impact mitigation, and localized economic activities.
Organic Carbon Removal from Domestic Sewage using Constructed Mangrove Wetlands in Coastal Areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania
Authors: Mahenge A. S.
Published: November 2023

Mangroves store up to five times as much organic carbon as tropical upland forests. This article provides some insights on organic carbon removal from domestic sewage in constructed mangrove wetlands in coastal areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania using standard methods. The wetlands were operated in intermittent flow and batch modes. The one that was operated in an intermittent flow mode showed higher removal rates as compared to the one that operated in batch mode. About 49% of organic material measured as COD was removed from sewage in the wetland cell operated in the intermittent flow mode. The lower removal rates resulted from frequent interruption of the wetland system by uncontrolled natural tides at the site and shorter retention time of three (3) days cycles of flooding with sewage and drying-up of mangrove wetland. The constructed mangroves wetlands have a good capacity in removing up to 80% of organic carbon material from sewage when a more controlled environment and a longer retention time of about 5 to 15 days are employed. If adjustments will be made, they are recommended to be applied as treatment technologies for sewage in coastal areas.
Protective Effects of Trans-Ferulic acid on Tamoxifen Induced Heptatic and Renal Oxidative Stress in Male Wister Albino Rat
Authors: Ogbuta A. A. , Given O. T. , Ebinistei P. , Alexis E. O. , Wellington E. O. , Teke E. C. , Manda A. E.
Published: November 2023

This study was designed to assess the protective effects of trans-ferulic acid on tamoxifen induced hepatic and renal oxidative stress in male Wister albino rates using appropriate standard methods. Twenty four male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 (four) groups of 6 (six) animals each. Group A, B, C and D where group A is control animals group B and C animals were treated with 0.4 mg/kgof tamoxifen and100 mg/kg body weight of trans-ferulic acid respectively. Group D animals were simultaneously administered with 100 mg/kg of trans-ferulic acid and 0.4 mg/kg of tamoxifen for twenty one days. UV/VIS spectrophotometer was used for the analysis of indicators. A significant elevation was observed in plasma bilirubin, urea and creatinine by tamoxifen treated group with mean concentrations of 35.50 ± 1.8 mg/dl, 2.15±0.06 mg/dl and 7.80 ±9.29 mg/dl respectively, when observed with mean concentrations of control group 14.7±0.31 mg/dl, 0.98±0.05 mg/dl and 3.31±0.15 mg/dl. While the mean concentrations of trans-ferulicacid treatment were 21.2±0.36 mg/dl,1.07±0.03 and 3.65 mg/dl, significantly protected on the effects of the tamoxifen- induced. ALP, AST, ALT activities were also increased significantly (p<0.05) on mean concentration of 65±1.0 U/L, 11.08±0.12 U/L and 678.20±13.30 U/L in the treated group by tamoxifen respectively when viewed with the control (p<0.05) and trans-ferulic acid treatment reduced the increased enzyme activities by mean concentrations of 43.6±1.0, 5.54±0.26 U/L and. Furthermore, tamoxifen administration decreased the level of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities by 32.5±2.30 µmole and 0.50±0.05µmole respectively when viewed with mean concentration of the control (49.0±1.15µmole and 1.37±0.02µmole) and trans-ferulic acid treatments significantly ameliorated the decreased in the hepatic enzymes activities (P<0.05) with mean valued 44.0±1.40 and 1.26 ± 0.05 µmole. Also the level of hepatic ascorbic acid was decreased significantly on treatment with tamoxifen by 41.7±2.9 U/L when compared with the mean concentration of the control (60.48±1.45 U/L), while treatment with trans-ferulic acid protected against the decreased level of ascorbic acid by 55.44±1.76 U/L. Moreover administration of tamoxifen caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in MDA by (97.9±6.9 U/L), while treatment with trans-ferulic acid protected against increased in the level of MDA to (22±0.70 U/L) .These study suggested that trans-ferulic acid reduced the effect of liver and kidney toxicity and induced stress posed by tamoxifen in rats.
Physicochemical Composition of Leaf Protein Concentrates and Bagasse Obtained from Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Leaves Using Three Different Processing Methods
Authors: Akaeze N. C. , Paul-Osagie M. A.
Published: November 2023

The experiment was conducted to determine yield, physical and chemical composition of leaf protein concentrates (LPC) and bagasse obtained from Cassava leaves using three different methods. The process of extraction was done using heat coagulation, alum precipitation and acid coagulation methods, then the leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained were analysed for their chemical compositions. The yield of LPC obtained via alum precipitation was statistically (p<0.05) higher than that obtained from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method. The bagasse yield was (19.47%). The chemical analysis reveals that ether extract from alum precipitated LPC was higher than that of heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method,  the crude protein from alum precipitation method was also higher than that from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation. The CP and EE of the bagasse were low (30.92% and 6.32%), respectively. The Ash of the heat coagulation method was lower than that from alum precipitation method but higher than that from the acid coagulation. The CF of the LPC obtained from heat coagulation method was higher than that of the LPC obtained from alum precipitation method but lower than that of the LPC obtained from acid coagulation. The CF of bagasse was high; while the Ash of the bagasse was low.  The minerals, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were higher in LPC heat coagulation method than that obtained in LPC from the other two methods (p<0.05). Cassava leaf protein concentrates obtained using alum precipitation would be preferred as a result of its high crude protein content.
Evaluation and Mapping of Evapotranspiration in Forest-Savanna Transition Zone of Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Fadipe O. B. , Ufoegune G. C. , Ogidan O. A. , Ekaun A. A. , Adenuga D. A.
Published: November 2023

Evapotranspiration's impact on crop production, determined by water consumption in plants, varies across locations due to surface and climate differences. Traditional ground-based methods for measurement fall short in capturing these variations. In order to address this, the study evaluated and mapped the evapotranspiration in the forest-savanna transition zone of Ogun State, South-western Nigeria using a geo-informatics approach. Over six years, 12 Landsat images were collected, representing dry and wet seasons. These images were used to estimate the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), indicating vegetation density, and compute evapotranspiration values across the area. During the dry season, NDVI ranged from -0.326 to 0.376, and during the wet season, it ranged from -0.435 to 0.780, showing higher vegetation cover in the wet season. Evapotranspiration values varied across different regions. In Abeokuta South, Abeokuta North, and Odeda Local Government Areas, values ranged from 2.83 to 6.37 mm/day, 0.12 to 2.64 mm/day, and 3.12 to 5.44 mm/day, respectively, influenced by varying vegetation characteristics. The geo-informatics approach offered a realistic representation and spatial understanding of evapotranspiration, proving cost-effective and accessible. In conclusion, the study recommends the geo-informatics approach for evapotranspiration measurement due to its ability to consider spatial characteristics. This understanding is essential for effective water resource management and crop planning in the Forest-Savanna transition zone of Nigeria.