bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-genome sequencing of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations reveals independent origins of dwarf ecotypes and potential molecular mechanisms underpinning cold adaptation
Authors: Torres-Oliva Montserrat , Anmarkrud Jarl Andreas , Arnesen Paal , Arnesen Øyvind Kongstun , Arnold Philipp , Blaj Iulia , Born Erik Wolder , Chung Brian K. , Eriksen Berit Valentin , Kvie Kjersti S. , Li Wenjia , Lucius Ralph , Ludwig Arne , Mamedov Ilgar , Mayr Gabriele , Metzger Julia , Mondal Mayukh , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Røed Knut , Sandoval-Castellanos Edson , Susat Julian , Thorbek Birgitte Lisbeth Graae , Wiig Øystein , Krause-Kyora Ben , Hoeppner Marc P. , Karlsen Tom Hemming , Franke Andre
Published: November 2023

Background
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) are iconic mammals that inhabit the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. In these areas, reindeer not only play a vital ecological role, but they also hold cultural and economic significance for indigenous communities. In order to thrive in the harsh conditions of the northernmost areas of the world, reindeer have developed an array of phenotypic adaptations, especially in the ecotypes living in the High Arctic. Therefore, a thorough understanding of population structure, history, and genetic diversity of reindeer is useful for their sustainable management and to guide long-term conservation efforts.
Results
We conducted whole-genome sequencing of a male R. t. tarandus specimen from Norway's Hardangervidda region, generating a highly continuous and complete genome assembly that can be used as a reference genome for genetic analyses focusing on the Fennoscandian reindeer. We also sequenced reindeer ecotypes from across the globe and generated de novo sequences from two ancient samples. Our analysis suggests an independent evolution of small-sized phenotypes in specific high-arctic ecotypes, such as the Svalbard reindeer (R. t. platyrhynchus) and Peary caribou (R. t. pearyi). We describe how the demographic bottleneck that affected the reindeer in the Svalbard archipelago resulted in reduced genetic variability compared to mainland Norway reindeer. Our data suggests that these two distinct ecotypes were likely independent populations before the last glaciation. Finally, we also observe an enriched number of genes associated with cilium motility and cilium assembly presenting missense variants between these two ecotypes, potentially linked to adaptations in the extreme arctic environment. For instance, some of these genes play a role in respiratory cilia movement, potentially improving respiratory function in cold environments.
Conclusions
Our findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of small body size adaptations in reindeer ecotypes and highlight the impact of environmental constraints on their populations. Our high-quality reference genome and associated resources will aid in addressing epidemiological, conservation, and management challenges faced by reindeer populations in a rapidly changing world.
Enhancing Knowledge graph with Selectional Preferences
Authors: Torabian Najmeh , Radaei Homa , Minaei-Bidgoli Behrouz , Jahanshahi Mohsen
Published: November 2023

Knowledge graphs facilitate the extraction of knowledge from data and provide a comprehensive overview of all knowledge within departments, across departments, and global organizations. To enrich the extracted knowledge, several solutions have been proposed to complete the knowledge graph. This study investigates the effectiveness of using the selectional preferences technique to establish the dependency between triple entities in a knowledge graph. To this end, this paper proposes a three-phase approach, Selectional Preferences Knowledge Graph (SP-KG) to determine the relevance degree of all triple entities in the knowledge graph based on selectional preferences. The results demonstrate that the three-phase approach accurately identifies entity dependencies, which can be applied for knowledge extraction. Furthermore, this approach uses a Persian knowledge graph, which enhances the completeness of Persian language knowledge. Finally, the SP-KG model is evaluated on the SP-10K dataset proposed in state-of-the-art research to prove its accuracy. Similar results for both datasets indicate good performance. Glove and Word2Vec are also used to compare the proposed model with other methods. The accuracy results of the 2-way and 3-way pseudo-disambiguation demonstrate the high quality of the results produced by the proposed model.
The Current and Future Potential Distribution Areas of the Invasive Oak Leaf Defoliator Oak lace bug [Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832)] (Heteroptera: Tingidae) on Oak Forests of Türkiye
Authors: Sarikaya Oguzhan , Gencal Tutku , Uzun Almira , Sarikaya Ayse Gul
Published: November 2023

The study aims to model the current and future (2041–2060 and 2081–2100) potential distribution areas of Oak lace bug [Corythucha arcuata) according to SSP2 and SSP5 emission scenarios of the HadGEM3-GC31-LL model. Pearson Correlation Analysis performed to select the bioclimatic data to be run in the model and it was decided to use 7 variables to determine the potential distribution areas of Corythucha arcuata. These variables are Annual Mean Temperature, Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter for temperature data and Annual Precipitation, Precipitation Seasonality and Precipitation of Driest Quarter for precipitation data.The current potential distribution area model of Corythucha arcuata created in MaxEnt shows that it is concentrated in the Marmara and Black Sea regions. According to the HadGEM3-GC31-LL climate change model SSP2-4.5 scenario, there will be a general narrowing in the distribution area within the 2040–2060 (~ 2050) period, there will be suitable and very suitable areas locally in some regions of Marmara and along the Black Sea coastline, and in the interior. So, state forestry authorities should take precautions for this pest in oak stands in northern Türkiye in the future.
Synthesis and characterization of starch stabilized polyvinyl acetate- Vinyl neodecanoate- Methyl methacrylate copolymer-based wood adhesive
Authors: Gadhave Ravindra V.
Published: November 2023

Commercially available polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilized polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) based emulsion adhesives are economical, non-hazardous, form colourless glueline with very strong bonds to different types of woods and bond sets at normal room temperature by water loss. On the other hand, they are neither moisture nor heat resistant, and show poor strength at high relative humidity and high temperature. The purpose of this research paper is to enhance the water resistance of PVAc emulsion-based adhesive, by providing the adhesive with controllable cross-linking ability. To reduce the dependency on hydrocarbon sources, Starch was used as a stabilizing media during synthesis of PVAc emulsion. Here, emulsion polymerisation was used to synthesise starch stabilized polyvinyl acetate- Vinyl neodecanoate- Methyl methacrylate (PVAc-VeoVa10-MMA) copolymers. Further, the samples are formulated with PVA solution, Aluminium nitrate, plasticizer, and preservatives, and compared against copolymer sample with PVA stabilizing media. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterise the copolymerisation and crosslinking reaction. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymer films were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The performance of the crosslinked emulsions-based adhesive was evaluated in accordance with the EN 204–205 standard by measuring the tensile shear strength of wood joints in dry and wet conditions. The experimental results showed substantial increases in Tg and viscosity in starch stabilized (PVAc-VeoVa10-MMA) copolymers- based adhesive. The crosslinked starch stabilized (PVAc-VeoVa10-MMA) copolymers adhesives showed slight inferior wood adhesive performance in wet condition as compare to crosslinked PVA stabilized (PVAc-VeoVa10-MMA) copolymers adhesives which was also validated from contact angle test. The method developed provides a simple and practical route to emulsions with improved water resistance and bonding strength with the addition of starch as stabilizing media. The method for enhanced moisture resistance of PVAc wood adhesive was ecological, sustainable, and cost effective.
Antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Chnoospora minima, Padina gymnospora and Sargassum cymosum (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Amorim Ana Maria , Chow Fungyi
Published: November 2023

Brown seaweeds are reported to have high antioxidant activity, due to the rich composition in phenolic compounds. In this way, they present potential as functional ingredients and additives for food, feed, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of three species of brown algae by five in vitro assays, in order to contribute to screening of functional foods ingredients, and to the search for natural antioxidants from marine alga biomass matrix. The ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and iron-chelating assays were used for analysis of antioxidant activity, and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay for the quantification of total phenolic compounds. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of Padina gymnospora and Sargassum cymosum showed up to 50% of antioxidant potential for the five assays, and Chnoospora minima presented antioxidant potential up to 50% only for ABTS assay. Comparing the extracts, aqueous extracts of C. minima and S. cymosum presented higher antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds than methanolic extracts, whereas for P. gymnospora the methanolic extracts presented greater activities. To integrate the results of antioxidant potential, a total antioxidant capacity index was calculated, classifying the extract potential in reactivity order. It was verified that the methanolic extract of P. gymnospora had the highest antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds, indicating the potential of this species in the search for natural antioxidant substances and suitable candidate for further studies as food and functional ingredients.
Findings in magnetic resonance imaging for restaging locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Marjasuo Suvi , Koskenvuo Laura , Lepistö Anna
Published: November 2023

Purpose
We aimed to assess the prognostic value of restaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and compare long-course chemoradiotherapy (LC-CRT) to short-course radiotherapy with delayed surgery (SCRT-delay).
Methods
This retrospective study included 267 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) operated on between January 2016 and April 2019, all of whom received either LC-CRT or SCRT-delay in the neoadjuvant setting. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) based on radiological response assessed using the magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG).
Results
In the LC-CRT group, 1-3-5 year OS rates were 94.8%, 86.4%, and 79.0%, while in the SCRT-delay group, they were 83.3%, 68.9%, and 68.9% (p = 0.017). For CSS in the LC-CRT group, rates were 96.9%, 90.3%, and 85.0%, and in the SCRT-delay group, they were 88.6%, 81.4%, and 81.4% (p = 0.222). There were no significant differences in total histological response rates or local recurrence rates between the treatment groups. The good and moderate response group (mrTRG 1–3) had significantly better cumulative 1-3-5 year OS and CSS compared to the poorer response group (mrTRG 4–5) (p = 0.023 for OS and p = 0.048 for CSS).
Conclusion
Unfavorable MRI response is an independent negative prognostic factor in LARC. SCRT-delay is comparable to LC-CRT concerning the oncological outcome.
Waveforms from Nuclear Explosions (WFNE) Repository
Authors: Oancea Victoria , Kung Yu-Long , Murphy John R. , Piraino Paul , Given Jeffrey W.
Published: November 2023

A key element of successful nuclear monitoring involves the assessment of any newly acquired data in the light of the vast amount of data previously recorded from historical nuclear explosions. The “Waveforms From Nuclear Explosions (WFNE)” repository was developed and is maintained by Leidos under sponsorship of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to provide convenient access to such historical data. It is built as a trusted data set, starting from the previous data repository “Nuclear Explosion Database (NEDB)” that was accessed in the past by numerous users in the US and international nuclear explosion monitoring community. WFNE includes detailed information (origin, bulletin, other geophysical data) on all the 2,157 atmospheric, underground and underwater nuclear explosions detonated in the world between 1945 and 2017. Over 82,000 waveforms associated to 802 of the nuclear explosions ranging from digitized analog recordings for the oldest explosions to recent International Monitoring System (IMS) data are included in WFNE, and their station/instrument information, as collected from many sources. The web-based access and the presentation were updated and modernized and rendered ready for active user access. Users can search, visualize, and download data of interest for their own research. Data continues to be collected from newly identified sources. Recent efforts on rescue of pre-digital seismic data via scanning and digitization provide interesting information to be added to WFNE, after completeness and quality checks. WFNE is open for the research community’s access to source parameter data and associated waveforms from worldwide nuclear explosions.
Baseline categorical variables in spine randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bolland Mark J , Avenell Alison , Grey Andrew
Published: November 2023

Background
Recently Levayer and colleagues surveyed randomized controlled trials in 4 spine journals for signs of integrity issues based on an assessment of baseline p-values for categorical data.
They concluded that there was no evidence of “systemic fraudulent behaviour”, and that data were consistent with random allocation.
Methods
We used their published dataset to compare reported with independently calculated baseline p-values and the observed and expected distributions of frequency counts and baseline p-values using the reappraised package for R.
Results
In 51/929 (5.5%) baseline variables, the sum of frequencies by level did not agree with the reported number of participants. For one third of reported p-values (172/522), we could not calculate a matching p-value using a range of standard statistical tests. Sparse data were common; for 22% (74/332) variables in which the reported p-value matched a calculated p-value from a chi-square test, the expected cells were smaller than are recommended for use of chi-square tests. There were 20-25% more two-arm trials with between-groups differences in frequency counts of 1 or 2 than expected. There were small differences between the observed and expected distributions of baseline p-values, but these were dependent on how sparse data were analysed.
Conclusion
Incorrectly reported p-values and incorrect usage of statistical tests are common in these spine journals. There are differences between observed and expected distributions of baseline p-values and frequency counts. Collectively, the findings do raise questions about the reliability of some RCTs in major spine journals.
A study on the misuse of inhaled B2 Agonists (SABAs) in a sample of asthma patients in Damascus Hospital
Authors: Khalil Abd-Alhade Ibrahim , Salas Wael Mohamad Bashir
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Beta2-adrenergic agonists are a class of drugs used as primary treatment for respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The classification is based on the onset and duration of action of beta 2 agonists. The classes are divided into short-acting beta agonists (SABAs), long-acting beta agonists (LABAs), and more recently, ultra-long-acting beta agonists (ULTRA-LABAs). As the names suggest, SABAs with a shorter half-life are used for immediate relief of symptoms.
Materials and methods: Observational study of the type of cross-sectional study. This study targeted patients attending Damascus Hospital. The sample was selected randomly, and about (106) patients were selected who met specific acceptance criteria, the most important of which was the presence of sufficient information in the file, while all patients were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria. Place of study: Damascus Hospital. Study period: from 2/12/2023 until 5/22/2023.
Results: Our study concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between the irregular use of beta2 agonists and an increase in the incidence of oral mycoses among the sample members. There is a correlation between the irregular use of beta-2 agonists and the increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias among the sample. There is a statistically significant correlation between the irregular use of beta-agonists and the increased incidence of tachycardia and palpitations among the sample. There is a statistically significant relationship between irregular use of beta2 agonists and an increased incidence of high blood sugar in the sample. There is a statistically significant correlation between the irregular use of beta-agonists and the increased incidence of reflex bronchospasm among the sample. And that there is a statistically significant correlation between the irregular use of beta-2 agonists and the increased need for oral admissions among the respondents. There is a statistically significant relationship between infrequent use of beta-2 agonists and serious sequelae of side-effects of beta-2 agonists.
Recommendations: Healthcare providers should raise awareness about the importance of adherence to and careful use of short-acting beta2-agonists and to avoid uncontrolled excessive use. Periodic evaluation of the asthmatic condition and the extent of strict adherence to the treatment plan and the prescribed doses should be done. Increasing awareness of asthma patients about the side effects of beta-2 agonists and symptoms of intoxication, and urging them to see a doctor when any of them appear. And further cohort studies on the role of excessive use of beta-agonists and mortality risk in patients with asthma.
Propagation properties of higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beams in a chiral medium
Authors: Saad Faroq , Hricha Zoubir , Belafhal Abdelmajid
Published: November 2023

The paraxial propagation of a higher-order cosine-hyperbolic-Gaussian beam (HOChGB) in a chiral medium is investigated theoretically. Analytical expression of the HOChGB passing through a chiral medium is derived based on the Huygens-Fresnel Integral and the ABCD transfer matrix. From the obtained formula, the propagation properties of this beam in a chiral medium are analyzed with numerical illustrative examples. The obtained results show that the evolution of the intensity pattern of HOChGB depends strongly on the chiral factor, the beam order, and the decentered parameter.
Perceptions of malaria and preventive practices used among Orang Rimba forest dwellers in Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Chen Ingrid , Syafruddin Din , Asih Puji Budi Setia , Rozi Ismail Ekoprayitno , Permana Dendi Hadi , Syahrani Lepa , Malaho Ma’as M , Zulfah Syarifah , Tekeste Melawit , Myers Jordan , Peters Maiti , Chetan Sanjna , Faro Elissa , Ghiaseddin Roya , Lobo Neil F.
Published: November 2023

Background Southeast Asia aims to eliminate malaria by 2030, requiring that risk factors for malaria among hard-to-reach populations be understood and addressed. This is the first study of malaria risks on the Orang Rimba, a culturally unique nomadic ethnic group residing in the lowland rain forests of Sumatra, Indonesia that usually functions outside of the health system. This study characterizes perceptions of malaria and preventive practices used, to inform the selection of interventions that can support malaria elimination efforts for this specific and sensitive population.Methods A small cross-sectional survey was conducted among the Orang Rimba people in the Sarolangun District of Jambi, Indonesia between March and May of 2021. The survey identified participant demographics, their knowledge of malaria, prevention practices in use, and pregnancy-related health behaviors among females. For cultural reasons, questions for women were asked through men.Results We enrolled 39 participants, 87% of which were male. Most participants (77%) had no formal schooling, and all worked in agriculture and/or hunting. Their understanding of malaria was limited, with approximately half understanding that malaria transmission takes place through the bite of an infected mosquito, and 62% citing fever as a symptom of malaria. The vast majority of participants (90%) used mosquito coils and/or insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) (87%) the night before the survey. Women did not perceive malaria to be a greater health risk in pregnancy, and received limited prenatal care (29%) and ITNs (46%) during their pregnancies.Conclusions Orang Rimba forest dwellers in Sumatra are vulnerable, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and separated from the healthcare system. If Indonesia and the Greater Mekong Subregion are to meet their goal to eliminate malaria by 2030, deliberate and continuous efforts targeted at reducing outdoor transmission among the Orang Rimba communities will be essential. Education on malaria and the provision of prenatal care would likely benefit this community.
Play Well Triple P: Developing and evaluating a program to promote positive parental involvement in junior sport
Authors: Dittman Cassandra K. , Sanders Matthew R. , Rynne Steven B. , Mallett Clifford J. , Lefebvre Jordan S.
Published: November 2023

Parents play a central role in children’s ongoing participation and enjoyment of sport. Despite compelling evidence that parental behaviour can undermine the quality of children’s experiences in sport, little research has examined whether strategies to support parents to engage in positive sports parenting behaviour are effective. In this paper, we report two studies that describe the multi-phased, consumer-focused, and mixed methods approach taken to develop and evaluate Play Well Triple P, a program designed to promote positive parental involvement in junior rugby league in Australia. Study 1 involved the development of a prototype version of Play Well Triple P, which was qualitatively evaluated through interviews with 19 parents and coaches about their satisfaction with the program. In Study 2, we used feedback from Study 1 to refine the program and develop a pilot version, which was then evaluated in a quasi-experimental feasibility study with 101 parents (mean age = 38.42 years; 72% mothers) of junior rugby league players. The pilot version involved one interactive online module and text messages to reinforce content and prompt strategy implementation across the season. Participation in Play Well Triple P was associated with increased positive sports parenting behaviour and reduced controlling and intrusive sports parenting behaviour, with a trend towards reducing over-reactive parenting practices at home. These findings are discussed in relation to the feasibility of implementing a brief and engaging sports parenting intervention in the context of a broader integrated system designed to facilitate ongoing participation of children in sport.
Amyand’s Hernia Containing Appendiceal Neuroma, Presented as Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia: A Rare Case Report from Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Abebe Mihret , Asmare Zemen
Published: November 2023

Introduction and importance: We report an extremely rare case of appendiceal neuroma, presented as an incarcerated Amyand’s hernia.
Case presentation: A 55-year-old male presented in the emergency department due to a persistent right inguinal painful swelling. Clinical examination revealed a 5cm x 3cm firm and irreducible right groin mass. Under the diagnosis of an incarcerated right inguinal hernia, an emergency operation was performed. Intraoperatively, a 5cm x 3cm firm mass originating from the distal part of the appendix was found in the hernia sac. The operation was completed with an appendectomy and a modified Bassini hernia repair. Histological examination revealed appendiceal neuroma, and no further surgical intervention was needed.
Discussion: Appendiceal neuroma is a benign stromal tumor whose diagnosis is typically made by histopathologic study. Though not clear, pathogenesis is believed to stem from the proliferation of neuroendocrine cells due to frequent inflammatory attacks. It is usually confused with the presentation of appendicitis, and the diagnosis is confirmed after the appendectomy. Amyand’s hernia, on the other hand, is an inguinal hernia whose content is either normal or diseased appendix vermiformis. In the literature, very limited case reports of Amyand’s hernia containing a carcinoid tumor, goblet cell carcinoid tumor, mucinous cystadenoma, adenocarcinoma, and villous adenoma are listed. However, we found no single reported case of Amyand’s hernia containing appendiceal neuromas in our search of English literature using Google Scholar and PubMed search engines.
Conclusion: Amyand’s hernia containing appendiceal neuroma is an extremely rare entity. We found no case report in the accessible literature. Histopathological evaluation is important to differentiate appendiceal neuroma from malignant tumors of the appendix. An appendectomy alone with hernia repair is adequate treatment.
Comparing Cell-Dyn Emerald 22 AL to Sysmex XN-1500 automated haematology analyser for full blood count estimation
Authors: Dibbasey Mustapha , Dahaba Mamudou , Sarfo Francess , Begum Rosyna , Umukoro Solomon , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Modern haematology analysers provide an easy approach for enumerating the cellular components of blood in automated manner with improved turn-around-time. In our haematology laboratory, we have existing full blood count analyser, Sysmex XN-1500. We recently bought a backup full blood count analyser from Abbott Diagnostic, Cell Dyn Emerald 22 AL that enumerates cellular blood components using relatively similar measuring principles. As part of the method verification procedure required by ISO15189, we compared our newly purchased Cell Dyn Emerald 22 AL full blood count analyser to the existing verified Sysmex XN-1500 full blood count analyser. We further assessed the precision of both full blood count analysers. The residual EDTA blood samples were analysed using Sysmex XN-1500 (Sysmex Company Limited, Germany) as the reference analysers and CD Emerald 22 AL (Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois, U.S.A) as newly purchased analysers.
Method and Results
We processed 120 residual blood samples for comparison study to improve the confidence interval in our statistical inference and incorporate the effects of unexpected interfering factors as reported in our previous study. Intra-run precision (repeatability) and inter-run precision (intermediate precision) were carried out using patient EDTA blood samples with sufficient volume to accommodate the runs. Using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation test, our data showed strong linear relationship between the two methods except for MCHC and PDW which generated moderate correlation coefficient (0.61, CI: 0.48–0.71) and weak correlation coefficient (0.228, CI: 0.469 − 0.395) respectively. The correlation results were supported by regression analysis scatterplot showing a weak linear relationship between the two analysers for only MCHC and PDW. Following linear relationship and regression analysis, we performed Bland-Altman analysis to determine agreement between the two analysers in a form of bias. The bias of all the tested full blood count parameters met the clinically acceptable bias range based on the 95% CI except for MCV, MCH, MCHC and MPV as they fall outside the clinically acceptable bias range.
Conclusion
From this study, we can confirm that Sysmex XN-1500 and Cell-Dyn Emerald 22 AL are comparable and interchangeable for all the clinically relevant full blood count parameters. However, MCV and HCHC as well as PLT derivatives (MPV and PDW) results should be treated with caution, preferably using a locally established equipment specific reference interval.
Evaluation of a Method to Induce Hydrophobicity on Sand
Authors: McMillan Mica , Williams Karen , Moore Kimberly , Daroub Samira , Erickson John E. , Kostka Stanley , Fidanza Michael
Published: November 2023

Methods to evaluate soil water repellency (SWR) require extensive studies on field soils and are subject to the heterogeneity of SWR throughout the soil profile as well as plant/soil interactions. The objectives of this study were to develop a synthetic method to create hydrophobic sand, and to determine if that hydrophobic sand would affect the establishment of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy, cv. Tifeagle) sprigs. Two techniques were developed to render sand hydrophobic: soap:sand method (hydrophobic sand; HSS) and sand:peat method (hydrophobic sand and read sedge peat; HSP). Both HSS and HSP remained severely hydrophobic at 0 cm depth for only 7 d, and at the 1- to 6-cm depth for 77 continuous days, as determined by water drop penetration time. Bermudagrass establishment, root growth, or shoot growth in two greenhouse experiments with four root zone substrates–HSS, HSP, WSAND (wettable sand), and WSP (wettable sand and reed sedge peat)—were not consistent. In conclusion, both HSS and HSP were shown to be safe and effective methods to synthetically produce hydrophobic sand for potential use in laboratory research, but further evaluation is needed to determine the feasibility of using HSS and HSP for turfgrass growth evaluations.
Overcoming the Nursery Industry Labor Shortage: A Survey of Strategies to Adapt to a Reduced Workforce and Automation and Mechanization Technology Adoption Levels
Authors: Fulcher Amy , Rihn Alicia L. , Warner Laura A. , LeBude Anthony V. , Schexnayder Susan , Altland James E. , Bumgarner Natalie , Marble S. Chris , Nackley Lloyd , Palma Marco , Velandia Margarita , Zhu Heping , Gan Hao , Owen James S.
Published: November 2023

US nurseries are experiencing a workforce shortage that is expected to intensify. A mixed-mode survey of decision-makers representing the US nursery industry was conducted in 2021. The survey assessed practices used in 2020 to elicit a better understanding of nursery approaches to the challenges presented by persistent labor scarcity. We compare our results with survey data collected ∼15 years earlier at container nurseries. Survey responses revealed that nurseries were undertaking strategies that aimed to improve production efficiency, better recruit and retain employees, and secure other sources of labor to overcome this shortage. Specifically, more than 65% of surveyed US nurseries increased worker wages, and more than 55% of respondents adopted automation to address the labor shortage. Strategies in use by ≥23% of respondents may limit future growth or jeopardize long-term nursery survival. These include diversifying tasks of current employees, reducing production of labor-intensive plants, or delaying expansion plans. Survey results suggested that production tasks excluding irrigation were on average 31% automated or mechanized at container nurseries, an increase from 16% during the prior survey. Field nurseries were 35% automated or mechanized in 2020. Newly developed or yet-to-be developed automated and mechanized technology (AMT) that decision-makers perceive as being helpful were reported. This article explores linkages between nursery characteristics and AMT adoption and highlights research and extension programming initiatives that are needed to help growers make informed decisions regarding adopting automation.
Intumescence Response by Tomato Plants Grown in a Greenhouse or Indoors Using Two Types of Soilless Culture Systems
Authors: Suarez Emilio , Agrawal Pratiksha , Izzo Luigi Gennaro , Gómez Celina
Published: November 2023

The main objective of this study was to characterize intumescence injury of three susceptible tomato cultivars grown in a greenhouse or indoors using two types of soilless culture systems. Plants of cultivars Maxifort, Camaro, and Patio were grown in either an indoor environment with broadband white and red light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures providing a daily light integral (DLI) of 12.7 mol·m−2·day−1 [photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 220 ± 3 µmol·m−2·s−1 for 16 h·d−1] or in a glass-glazed greenhouse with supplemental lighting provided by high-pressure sodium lamps that delivered a PPFD of ∼150 µmol·m−2·s−1. Plants were grown using deep-water culture hydroponic systems or containers with a peat-based substrate. The growing environment had a larger effect on intumescence incidence and severity than the growing system, likely due to differences in ultraviolet radiation (100 to 400 nm), but other factors such as day/night temperature and relative humidity (RH), could have affected the response. Across cultivars, the probability of developing intumescence was higher indoors (≥91%) than in the greenhouse. Indoor-grown plants also developed symptoms of the disorder from 2 to 6 days earlier than those in the greenhouse. Similarly, intumescence incidence was higher in plants from all cultivars grown indoors than in the greenhouse, but differences between the two environments were generally greater for Patio and Camaro than for Maxifort, which was the most susceptible cultivar. Greenhouse conditions were more conducive to active plant growth. For example, plants in the greenhouse were more than 2 times taller and had at least 12 times greater leaf area than those indoors, which resulted in large differences in shoot dry mass. However, environmental effects on intumescence response also contributed to differences in growth, as plants that were most affected by the disorder experienced severe leaf abscission and/or senescence. Our overall findings show that intumescence is greatly affected by the production environment, but injuries are likely to change based on genetic susceptibility.
Je li matematika humanistička znanost?
Authors: Skansi Sandro , Šekrst Kristina , Kardum Marko
Published: November 2023

U ovome se radu kroz analizu podjele različitih znanstvenih područja bavimo prirodom matematike kao znanstvene discipline. Povijesnom analizom podjele znanosti, ali i analizom same prirode matematike, kao i kroz ontološki status objekata kojima se matematika bavi pokazujemo da su sada već uvriježene podjele među znanstvenim područjima rezultat društvenih okolnosti, kao i da je sama matematika bliža humanističkim negoli prirodnim znanostima.
Shvaćanje slobode savjesti Jacquesa Maritaina i europske integracije
Authors: Đaković Dan
Published: November 2023

U kontekstu europskih integracija rijetko se govori o velikom francuskom kršćanskom filozofu Jacquesu Maritainu i njegovom utjecaju na europski projekt sredinom 20. stoljeća. Ovim se radom želi donekle osvijetliti njegova, pomalo skrivena, uloga u ovom kontekstu, a osobito s obzirom na središnju ulogu slobode savjesti unutar personalističke filozofske baštine kojoj je Maritain pripadao i političke filozofije koju je oblikovao, a koja je imala ključan utjecaj na europski projekt i njegove temeljne dokumente. Sloboda savjesti ovdje se promatra kao zaglavni kamen svih ljudskih sloboda unatoč svim rizicima i komplikacijama koje to sa sobom nosi. U svim sukobima Države i savjesti potrebno je i poželjno uvijek ići u prilog savjesti ili barem naginjati političkim rješenjima koja poštuju ili barem ne preziru savjest osobe. Kad god se u takvim sukobima nađemo pred naizgled nerješivim problemima treba uvijek birati dijalog i pregovore umjesto nasilja i nametanja.
Ukrajina, novi »tridesetogodišnji rat« i čekanje 21. stoljeća
Authors: Cvetićanin Neven , Veljak Lino
Published: November 2023

Istraživanje analizira ubrzanje povijesti kojem prisustvujemo u našem vremenu, a koje je bjelodano s izbijanjem rata u Ukrajini, bivajući u proteklim godinama vidljivo i u nizu drugih događaja i kriza, kakvi se u ovako značajnom intenzitetu i frekventnosti nisu događali još od vremena završetka Drugoga svjetskog rata. Razmatrajući rat u Ukrajini i krize koje su mu prethodile osporava se teza historičara Erica Hobsbawma da se »kratko« 20. stoljeće koje je trajalo od Prvoga svjetskog rata »kao doba ekstrema« završilo padom »komunizma« i Berlinskog zida, nakon čega smo ušli u 21. stoljeće. Nasuprot ovoj tezi, kao i nasuprot poznatoj tezi o »kraju povijesti«, rad iznosi tezu da »politički« još uvijek živimo u 20. stoljeću, s obzirom na to da u našem vremenu i dalje postoje napetosti među velikim silama slične onima koje su obilježile i 20. stoljeće i koje općenito obilježavaju moderni svijet od Westfalskog mira u 17. stoljeću naovamo. Ovu općenitu tezu rad obrazlaže promatrajući u najosnovnijim crtama dijalektiku moderne europske i svjetske povijesti i zaključujući da ne samo što »politički« još uvijek živimo u »dugom« 20. stoljeću već još uvijek živimo i u »najdužem« westfalskom klasičnom modernom vijeku koji neprekidno traje tri i pol stoljeća u uvijek istim dijalektičkim proturječjima svjetske politike. Naposljetku, rad razmatra i zada- ću filozofije u vremenu tzv. »ubrzanja povijesti« kakvo je naše te zaključuje kako je filozofija upravo u ovakvim vremenima, hoće li se potvrditi kao znanost, dužna ponuditi jednu svježu i kreativnu »filozofiju povijesti« koja bi objasnila tijek aktualnih međunarodnih događaja.
Jiro Dreams of Sushi: A Circuit of Shokunin
Authors: Sutandio Anton
Published: November 2023

The research looked at David Gelb’s 2011 documentary, Jiro Dreams of Sushi, from the shokunin concept’s perspective. Referring to Hall’s circuit of culture, the research focused on two interrelated links within cultural studies: production and consumption. Production and consumption referred to the sushi culture. Shokunin was defined as mastery of one’s profession or artisans. The film reflected this concept through the character, Jiro Ono, who dedicated his life to excelling in making sushi. The method applied in the research was qualitative. The data were drawn from the film’s cinematography which referred to the camerawork, and mise-en-scène, which referred to everything on the film frame, as part of the film studies method applied. The findings show that in terms of production and consumption of sushi within the circuit of culture, the film has shown the interrelated meaning of sushi culture: that in the context of Jiro Ono’s sushi, sushi becomes more than just food, but through its complex production and consumption process, sushi culture becomes a representation of ancient Japanese concept, shokunin, which emphasizes on discipline, perfection, beauty and of course, hard work, and sacrifice. These findings are supported by visualizing the production and consumption through the film’s cinematography and mise-en-scène.
Types of Balinese Script Block Structure using Symbol Block Analysis
Authors: Abdi Putra Ida Bagus Mas , Paramarta I K.
Published: November 2023

The research aimed to examine the existence of Balinese script block structure types in the Balinese Latin script dictionary to make it easy and correct to read Balinese script. The Balinese language was encountering an urgent crisis in poor intergenerational speaker transmission, the emergence of the stigma of reading Balinese script was very difficult, and the actual use of Balinese script was increasingly narrow and limited. The research applied qualitative methods as a reference method in completing research. The research instrument used observation, documentation, and writing methods as data collection methods. The types of Balinese script block structures found in the Balinese Latin script dictionary of the 21 most used entries are (1) V-CV-CC, (2) V-CCV-CC, (3) CV-CV-CC, (4) CV-C, (5) V-CCV. The concept of the syllabogram block structure differs from the phonological syllables in the Balinese script writing system. The syllabogram shows block breaks, while the phonological syllables are based on loudness level. Understanding these differences makes it easier to read Balinese script, which is different from Latin script. The research proves the application of the concept of Balinese script block structure types to relevant Balinese script elements based on the concept of syllables as a reference for reading and writing Balinese script. The research provides a reference and guide in reading, writing, and transliterating Balinese script into Latin script with adequate concepts and theories.
“Keep On Trying”: A Narrative Inquiry of Indonesian Vocational Students on Resilience Post the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sidupa Christiana
Published: November 2023

The research aimed to find out what Indonesian vocational students’ constructions of resilience in relation to academic achievement and improvement of English writing skills post the COVID-19 pandemic. A narrative inquiry method was adopted in order to make sense of the unique and common vocational students’ experiences. Specifically, narrative inquiry informed the whole research process by focusing on three aspects of the research process: data collection, data transcription, and data analysis. Excerpts from semi-structured and focus group interviews with 11 participants from three provinces on Java Island were analyzed. Research results indicate that academic resilience is reinforced by personal qualities, such as the capacity to keep trying, the ability to handle hard circumstances, and self-discipline. It also reveals that teachers’ support, students’ hope and optimism appear to play a protective role in assisting the students to cope with available English writing challenges. Finally, the research concludes with pedagogical implications, mainly for vocational school teachers.
As Pessoas com deficiência na ordem constitucional pátria
Authors: Rodrigues Denis Leite , de Oliveira Luisa Bernardo , Saife Lucas Moia
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo, denominado “As pessoas com deficiência na ordem constitucional pátria”, tem como objetivo expor o histórico e o atual arcabouço jurídico-constitucional relativo aos indivíduos com deficiência, a partir do estudo dos textos das várias Cartas Magnas nacionais que, de alguma forma, façam referência àquela coletividade, em concatenação com a evolução, notadamente a partir do fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, de normatividade internacional tratando crescentemente sobre a problemática. Ademais, em relação ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, instituto fundamental nesta tutela legal, e que tem uma posição destacada no texto da Constituição nacional em vigência, procurou-se fazer uma análise de natureza histórica acerca de suas diferentes acepções jurídico-filosóficas, e de como deveria ser atualmente concebido. Resultou desta análise desenvolvida um entendimento mais abrangente de vários aspectos que envolveram a trajetória da disciplina jurídica pátria relativa às pessoas com deficiência, envolvendo aspectos como a terminologia utilizada para sua identificação, o gradual aumento de campos sociais abrangidos e a árdua trajetória de afirmação jurídico-constitucional do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. As conclusões a que se chegam após este estudo seriam de que, inicialmente, pelo menos na ordem jurídica brasileira definida pela atual Carta Magna, há uma gama de prerrogativas direcionadas às pessoas com deficiência, e também de que, para reforçar este arcabouço jurídico, é imprescindível a constante observância do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana.
Can an emission trading policy promote green transformation of regional economies?: evidence from China
Authors: Qian Jiali , Zhou Yinxiang
Published: November 2023

To promote the green development of the global economy and solve the global energy and climate problems, the green transformation of the regional economy is the only way to solve development challenges. Carbon emission trading policies, as an important market mechanism for promoting carbon emission reduction, can further promote green economic development. This study takes the pilot carbon emission trading policy in China as a natural experiment to explore the impact of the carbon emission trading policy on the green transformation of the regional economy and its mechanism. This study accurately measures the efficiency of green transformation of the regional economy. The empirical results indicate that the carbon emission trading policy can promote the green transformation of the regional economy; carbon emission trading policies affect the green transformation of the regional economy through energy structure, urbanization level, and the interaction between energy structure and urbanization level; the model results are robust. Moreover, due to regional differences in original resource endowments, the effect of carbon emission trading policy on regional economic green transformation presents heterogeneity. Therefore, certain policy recommendations can promote the green development of the regional economy, which has important implications for interdisciplinary research, solving energy and climate problems, and high-quality growth of the world economy.
Process design and optimization of EDTA-biojarosite – a treatment approach in the Box–Behnken framework
Authors: S. Bhaskar , A. Manoj , S. R. Resmi , S. Divyashree , M. Y. Sreenivasa
Published: November 2023

A study was conducted to investigate the performance of biojarosite as a catalyst in Fenton oxidation with and without the presence of the chelating agent ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). The addition of EDTA resulted in increased iron dissolution, confirming the role of EDTA as a chelating agent. The heterogeneous catalytic properties of jarosite were confirmed by the removal efficiencies of 93.5 and 83.4%, with and without EDTA, respectively. The Box–Behnken method was employed as a Design of Experiments tool to identify suitable experimental runs. Both Fenton oxidation and EDTA-based Fenton oxidation were examined separately, with PCP removal being the response variable. In the case of Fenton oxidation, the optimization process resulted in the selection of 0.1–1 g/L of iron catalyst, 100–1,000 mg/L of H2O2, and a pH range of 2.5–3.5. On the other hand, for EDTA-based Fenton oxidation, the optimal conditions were determined to be 0.1–1 g/L of iron catalyst, 100–1,000 mg/L of H2O2, and a pH range of 6.5–7.5. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the results, and the model fit was examined.