bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF GLYPROLINES ON THE LEVEL OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR UNDER CONDITIONS OF "SOCIAL" STRESS
Authors: Yasenyavskay A. L , Tsibizova A. A , Andreeva L. A , Myasoedov N. F , Bashkina O. A , Samotrueva M. A
Published: September 2022

Today a study aimed at the role of various neurotrophic factors in the implementation of a stress response and their influence on the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system is of particular interest. Nerve growth factor (NGF) which belongs to a special group of polypeptide regulators has the most expressed neurospecificity. It has been established that this factor has a neuroprotective effect which is realized due to its ability to induce the induction of antiapoptotic proteins and inhibition of proapoptotic ones, thereby affecting the survival rate, as well as the differentiation of individual populations of peripheral neurons. Currently neuropeptide drugs with a wide spectrum of biological activity are considered as the leading stress protectors. Glyproline neuropeptides with proven versatile pharmacological activity, namely neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, immunotropic, etc., attract particular attention. Objective: to study the effect of glyprolines on the level of nerve growth (NGF) in the blood serum of white rats under conditions of "social" stress. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 90 white non-linear male rats for 6 months. The experimental model of "social" stress was formed as a result of sensory contact for 20 days, followed by the formation of aggressive and submissive types of behavior. Glyproline compounds Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu were injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 pg/kg/day from the 1st day of stress exposure by the course 20 days. The level of NGF in the blood serum of white rats was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an ELISA Kit for NGF (USA). Results. Exposure to "social stress" led to a decrease in the level of nerve growth factor which probably has a cause-and-effect relationship with a decrease in neurogenetic processes. The observed restoration of the NGF level under the influence of glyprolines Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (Selank), Pro-Gly-Pro and Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu indicates their stress and neuroprotective activity.
INFLUENCE OF HORMONES (HORMONAL STATUS) ON THE MUSCLE-LIGGING APPARATUS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Winderlich M. E
Published: September 2022

Imbalance of hormones in a woman's body provokes a number of disorders of the body's functions, which affects her emotional and physical well-being. Purpose - to study the current state of the problem of changes in the musculo-ligamentous apparatus in pregnant women against the background of changes in their hormonal status. Material and methods. A systematic analysis of the main hormonal changes occurring in a woman's body during childbearing, and the results of research by Russian and foreign experts in this area. Results and discussion. It has been established that to date, in Russian and foreign practice, the number of studies that show the correlation between changes in the hormonal background of a pregnant woman and her musculo-ligamentous apparatus is still insignificant and is extremely fragmented. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to expand the boundaries of experimental studies and conduct a detailed analysis of clinical cases of the onset and exacerbation of musculo-ligamentous pathologies in a situation of a change in the hormonal status of a woman against the background of her pregnancy.
On Epistemic Warrant in Text
Authors: Demyankov Valery
Published: September 2022

Linguistic techniques used for formulating and for proving propositions in arts and in sciences do not solely depend on grammatical and lexical structures of national languages, they also belong to certain cultural traditions. Interpersonal relationships also influence the form and the content of scientific texts, they are governed by ethical principles of scholarly communication. The notion of ‘epistemic warrant of judgments’ used metaphorically gives a culture-dependent way for looking at the real-time processes of conjectures and refutations, where ‘epistemic default’ is not excluded. The logical ‘possibility’ and ‘probability’ themselves may be considered as culture-dependent, so that the possible-world pragmatics acquires a civilisational aspect. Empirical facts concerning relative frequencies of the use of certain lexical items are discussed in this paper. Thus, possibility is much more frequently mentioned in both scientific and in fictional text corpora in Latin, in French, in Spanish, in Italian, in English, in German, and in Russian. The concept of ‘improbability’ is much less frequent than ‘probability’.
Requirements for the Russian publications system under sanctions pressure
Authors: Shepelev Gennady
Published: September 2022

The model of the system of scientific publications, the main quantitative characteristics of the Russian subsystem of scientific publications, the potential number of Russian authors of scientific publications and the number of readers (consumers) of scientific information are considered. The functions that the publication system should perform in the interaction of science and economics, including the function of providing the management of the scientific sector with scientometric information, are analyzed. Analyzed the types of the authors of scientific publications, the types of scientific publications that should be reflected in the publication system; the types of consumers of scientific information. The requirements for the system of scientific publications, which are presented by the authors of articles, readers and the management system of the scientific sector, are formulated, the analysis of the current state of the system in terms of meeting the formulated requirements is carried out. Possible options for implementing the formulated requirements in a prospective system are considered. The necessity of taking into account the interests of consumers of scientific information and the development of services focused on it is noted. The proposals and approachesto the development of the publication system, which are currently being discussed in the expert community, are analyzed. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider the system of publications in the conditions of international sanctions primarily as a system of presentation and promotion of scientific knowledge obtained by Russian organizations in the Russian economy.
EU’s Legal Framework on Personal Income Tax and Suggestions for Asean to Protect The Rights of Taxpayers
Authors: Doan Kien Trung
Published: September 2022

The European Union (EU) has a complete and standard legal system, which is always the object of research and evaluation to learn for many countries. The EU comprises countries with an appropriate personal income tax system to ensure human rights. To ensure equality and human rights, and development in every member state, the EU seeks to harmonise personal income tax law, an area primarily of national jurisdiction. This article aims to study and evaluate some basic regulations that the EU has issued to create compatibility of the personal income tax law of the member states, better ensure human rights and promote the development of the Union. Based on the experiences of the EU, the article analyses some implications for the harmonisation of personal income tax law within the ASEAN from the perspective of international private law.

Keywords: Personal Income Tax, Legal Harmonisation, EU, ASEAN
Ensuring the Rights of Vulnerable Groups in the Legislative Process in Vietnam
Authors: Doan Uyen To , Chu Hung Manh
Published: September 2022

In recent years, Vietnam has actively and vigorously developed and strengthened law enforcement and facilitated access to the law to protect human rights and legitimate interests. After formulating the Judicial Reform Strategy and implementing the law, the State has created favourable conditions for vulnerable groups to participate in Vietnam's political, social, economic, and cultural life. However, it still faces challenges in ensuring and facilitating access to the law and raising legal awareness. In particular, women, ethnic minorities, people with disabilities, and children are the most vulnerable groups. Therefore, this article focuses on the guarantee of the rights of vulnerable groups in the process of law-making in Vietnam today to unveil difficulties and limitations; on that basis, it makes proposals for ensuring the rights of vulnerable groups in the legislative process in the coming time.

Keywords: Human Rights, Rights of Vulnerable Groups, Law-making
Variazione del peso nelle persone sovrappeso e obese che vivono con HIV: l’impatto della pandemia da SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Dettori Silvia , al. et
Published: September 2022

La pandemia del virus SARS-CoV-2, iniziata in Italia a fine febbraio 2020, ha modificato le abitudini di vita, soprattutto durante il periodo di lockdown, causando una tendenza all'aumento di peso. Come nella popolazione generale, anche le persone che vivono con l'HIV (PWH) hanno mostrato un aumento del BMI negli ultimi anni e l'obesità è diventata un problema emergente. In questo studio abbiamo analizzato se il periodo della pandemia abbia influenzato l'aumento di peso (WG) nelle PWH sovrappeso e obese e quali fattori siano stati correlati al WG.
Durante il periodo pandemico, da marzo 2020 a gennaio 2022 (periodo 2), il WG è stato riscontrato in 196 (68%) PWH, mentre durante il periodo prepandemico, da gennaio 2010 a febbraio 2020 (periodo 1), il WG si era verificato in 230 (80%) PWH.
Il WG medio durante il periodo 2 è stato di +1.15 kg/anno (±deviazione standard 2.66): +1.27 (±2.18) kg/anno nei PWH sovrappeso e +0.83 (±3.67) kg/anno negli obesi, mentre il WG medio nel periodo 1 è stato +1.37 kg/anno (±2.67): +1.11 (±1.89) kg/anno nei soggetti sovrappeso e +2.12 (+4,05) kg/anno nei PWH obesi. Le persone obese hanno avuto un WG significativamente inferiore nel periodo 2 rispetto al periodo 1 (p=0.028), mentre tra i soggetti sovrappeso non è stata riscontrata alcuna differenza nei due periodi.
Il BMI (p<0.001) e l’obesità all’inizio del periodo 2 (p=0.0055), così come la circonferenza addominale (p=0.003) e la diagnosi di diabete (p=0.017) sono risultati inversamente correlati al WG durante la pandemia, mentre la durata dell'infezione da HIV è risultata correlata al WG in modo diretto (p=0.0005). Nessuna relazione è stata trovata tra il WG e il regime ART in corso.
Optimization of the performance of a metering unit for precision seeding of Coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.) using Box-Behnken Design
Authors: VAROL Hürkan Tayfun , DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU Adnan
Published: September 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the seed spacing performance of a vacuum type precision metering unit for seeding coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.).
Materials and Method: In order to meet this objective, experiments were conducted in the laboratory conditions and a vacuum type precision seeder was used. Box-Behnken design based experiments with three independent variables, with three levels for each was conducted in the laboratory. These variables were considered to be the hole diameter on vacuum plate, forward speed of the seeder and the vacuum. The data obtained were evaluated for five different performance indicators for defining the seed spacing quality. The performance indices were selected to be quality of feed (Iqf), multiple (Imulti) and miss index (Imiss), precision (Ip) and coefficient of precision (CP3).
Results: Polynomial functions were tried to develop for each indicator. As a result of regression analysis for all indices, only one polynomial function for Iqf was obtained without lack of fit. From the polynomial function, the optimum diameter of the hole on vacuum plate, forward speed of the seeder and vacuum was found to be 1.75 mm, 1.5 ms-1 and 47.7 mbar, respectively.
Conclusions: The Iqf value at these optimum points was calculated to be 94.7 % while the verification tests of these optimums experimentally resulted in an average value of 97.3%.
Mersin İli, Tarsus ve Akdeniz ilçelerinde depolanmış buğday ve mısır zararlılarının belirlenmesi
Authors: YETKİN Mustafa Samet , ATAKAN Ekrem
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Depolanmış ürünlerde ürünün kalitesini olumsuz etkileyen ve ürün kayıpların yol açan zararlı türlerin ve bunların önemlerinin sürvey çalışmalarıyla ortaya konulması bu çalışmanın amacıdır. Bu çalışmada Mersin İli’nde (Tarsus ve Akdeniz ilçeleri) farklı depolama yöntemleri (adi depolar ve silolar) uygulanan buğday ve mısır ürünlerinde zararlı türlerin belirlenmesi, amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Örneklemeler, buğday ve mısır depolama işleminin yoğun yapıldığı Mersin İli’nin Tarsus ve Akdeniz ilçelerinde Mayıs 2019 – Şubat 2020 döneminde yapılmıştır. Örnekleme çalışmaları 6 adet adi ve 3 adet silo depolarda depolanmış buğday ve mısır ürünleri üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Her örneklemede toplam 2 kg dane buğday veya mısır örnekleri sonda aleti kullanılarak alınmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları ve Sonuç: Depolanmış buğday ve mısır ürünlerinde yapılan örnekleme çalışması sonucunda; 9 adedi Coleoptera takımına, 1 adedi Lepidoptera takımına ve 1 adedi Psocoptera takımına bağlı olmak üzere 11 böcek türü saptanmıştır. Adi ve silo depolarda depolanmış buğday ve mısırlarda en yaygın türler olarak Sitophilus oryzae (L.) ve Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) saptanmıştır. Depolanmış dane buğday ve mısırda zarar oranı en fazla %2 olmuştur.
Hacia una historiografía de género de la intelectualidad pagana en la Antigüedad Tardía
Authors: Alviz Fernández Marco
Published: September 2022

En este artículo se realiza un examen historiográfico crítico en el marco de la Historia de género de la Antigüedad Tardía para el caso de estudio de la filósofa neoplatónica Sosípatra de Éfeso. Con este objetivo se analiza cómo ha sido estudiada su figura desde el siglo XVII hasta nuestros días tratando de discernir las corrientes, influencias y temáticas que han conducido a generar una imagen en ocasiones errónea y distorsionada de la erudita pagana.
Publicaciones en revistas científicas por docentes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 2010-2019.
Authors: Mariño-Fierro Genobeva Soledad , Alvarez-Sotelo Silvana Katherine , Léon-Manco Roberto Antonio
Published: September 2022

Tras el aumento de la producción científica en los últimos años, no existen reportes del perfil de las publicaciones realizadas por los docentes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (FAEST- UPCH) en los últimos 10 años. Objetivo: Analizar las publicaciones en revistas científicas por docentes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia en el período 2010-2019. Material y métodos: La investigación fue de diseño retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal, observacional; se identificaron las publicaciones científicas realizadas por los docentes desde 2010-2019. Las variables fueron sexo, ejercicio profesional, departamento académico, condición laboral, categoría docente, grado académico, segunda especialidad, publicaciones por docente, tipo de publicación, año de publicación, revistas indexadas internacionalmente, clasificación Scimago y clasificación WoS. Las bases de datos para la búsqueda bibliográfica fueron Scielo, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus y WoS; se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariado con el programa STATA v. 16.0. Resultados: Se encontró que el 58,38% (n=101) de los docentes tuvo al menos una publicación, el 52,28% (n=241) fueron artículos originales, el 4,56% (n=20) fueron indexadas internacionalmente, el 20,00% (n=4) tenían FI ≥2 según SCIMAGO y 20,00% (n=9) fueron Q1 según WoS. Conclusión: El ratio de publicación/docente fue de 0,58 en los docentes de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia en el período 2010-2019.
Supervivencia y complicaciones de prótesis híbridas realizadas en la clínica dental docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia entre los años 2013 al 2016.
Authors: Araujo Guevara Karen Gabriela , Villalba Villalba Katerine Miluska , Díaz Sarabia Edinson Antonio
Published: September 2022

Las prótesis híbridas en pacientes edéntulos totales han mejorado su calidad de vida, es esencial conocer la supervivencia y posibles complicaciones, para ofrecer un tratamiento confiable. Objetivos: Evaluar y registrar la supervivencia y complicaciones de prótesis híbridas en pacientes edéntulos totales de la CDD-UPCH. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se consideraron historias clínicas de 37 pacientes (45 prótesis) instaladas del año 2013 al 2016, se registraron los datos en Microsoft®Excel2016 y se exportó al programa estadístico StataV15. Se utilizó un análisis porcentual univariado para la tasa de supervivencia y complicaciones biomecánicas, y chi2 o exacta de Fisher para la asociación con variables. Resultados: La supervivencia (años), fué mayor: sexo femenino, pacientes jóvenes, instaladas en arcadas superiores, con carga temprana y teniendo como antagonista dientes naturales. Las complicaciones biomecánicas más frecuentes fueron: mucositis; siendo igual en ambos sexos y arcadas, con resultados mayores en el adulto mayor y prótesis cargadas convencionalmente que tienen como antagonistas prótesis mixtas; y aflojamiento de tornillos fue mayor en pacientes femeninas, adultos mayores con prótesis con carga convencional y con prótesis mixtas como antagonistas, sin diferencias significativas según el tipo de arcada. Conclusiones: La supervivencia en 5 años fue 84,91% y el fracaso 15,09%. Las complicaciones biomecánicas más frecuentes fueron mucositis y aflojamiento de tornillos y no se encontró asociaciones de supervivencia y complicaciones biomecánicas con; sexo, grupo etario, tipo de antagonista, arcada comprometida y tipo de carga.
Factores extrínsecos implicados en la pigmentación de las resinas compuestas dentales.
Authors: Vásquez L. José Mateo , Delgado-Gaete Bolivar
Published: September 2022

Las resinas compuestas dentales fueron introducidas en la primera mitad del siglo XX como una avance mecánico- estético en el campo de la odontología restauradora, en respuesta a los silicatos, que hasta aquel entonces era el material restaurador de primera elección, dentro de su composición, posee una matriz orgánica formada por Bis- GMA y otros monómeros de dimetacrilato (TEGMA, UDMA, siloranos), que son susceptibles a la pigmentación de sustancias extrínsecas, en diferente grado , las bebidas más comunes como vino tinto, té, café y bebidas azucaradas Objetivo: Revisar y analizar la literatura disponible que responda a la pregunta ¿Cuáles son los factores extrínsecos más comunes que causan pigmentación de las resinas compuestas?
Resinas infiltrativas como tratamiento para la fluorosis dental. Una revisión de literatura.
Authors: Villegas Salhuana Juleyska , Roncal Espinoza Rosa
Published: September 2022

En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un nuevo enfoque más conservador para detener y controlar las lesiones cariosas iniciales, usando la técnica con resinas infiltrativas, desarrollada con la finalidad de aportar a los tratamientos no invasivos siendo utilizadas como método para el diagnóstico de lesiones cariosas no cavitadas; aunque, actualmente su uso se ha expandido para tratar otro tipo de lesiones que afectan al esmalte como la fluorosis dental. Para este artículo de revisión fueron seleccionados artículos originales, investigaciones in vitro, in vivo, reportes de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y de literatura; llevándose a cabo la búsqueda en 6 bases de datos: PubMed, Google Académico, ScienceDirect, Wiley, EBSCO, Springer, de las cuales se obtuvo información acerca de la eficacia, beneficios, aplicaciones clínicas y, técnica de aplicación de las resinas infiltrativas.
Corrosión en los mini-implantes de ortodoncia:una revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Laquihuanaco Coarita Gina Maritza , Meneses López Abraham , Tay Lidia Yileng
Published: September 2022

Los mini-implantes son dispositivos metálicos que son temporalmente fijados al hueso y son utilizados para lograr una gran variedad de movimientos ortodónticos. Actualmente, se convirtieron en un importante dispositivo que ayuda al ortodoncista en todas las etapas del tratamiento. Los mini-implantes son hechos con uniones de diferentes metales, por lo que están expuestos al proceso de corrosión en la cavidad bucal. La liberación de iones puede causar efectos fisiológicos adversos, incluyendo citotoxicidad, genotoxicidad, carcinogenicidad y efectos alergénicos. El presente artículo busca hacer una revisión acerca de la corrosión de los mini-implantes de ortodoncia. La literatura reporta que la corrosión de mini-implantes contribuye a la inflamación, que es a su vez un factor que influye en la pérdida de estos dispositivos y la liberación de los iones metálicos es una de sus principales causas. Adicionalmente la corrosión puede producir perforaciones y pérdida de espesor del metal, lo que disminuye la resistencia mecánica y aumenta el riesgo de fractura.
Glosario básico actualizado de términos odontológicos de prótesis dental. Ingles – Español.
Authors: Betancourt García Ana Ibis , González Beriau Yoel
Published: September 2022

La estomatología como rama de las ciencias médicas no escapa al impacto del desarrollo de la ciencia y la técnica donde se crean grandes volúmenes de información científica que en la mayor parte de los casos su divulgación y/o comunicación provienen de países de habla inglesa o se generan en ese idioma, siendo muy necesario para el profesional al permitirle comprender y comunicar mejor la ciencia. Son variados los medios y métodos que el profesional utiliza para apropiarse de dichos conocimientos, los glosarios de términos en inglés de una misma rama o de un mismo campo de estudio son una herramienta válida de trabajo en el aprendizaje y uso de los idiomas al permitir de forma rápida el significado de palabras desde el contexto apropiado. Este glosario se ha concebido como un instrumento de trabajo y de consulta para estudiantes y profesionales en el campo de la Odontología, recopilando casi 150 términos específicamente en la rama de la Prótesis Dental, no se pretende exponer todos los vocablos y frases pertenecientes a la misma sería imposible, se excluyen los términos cuya escritura semeje al español excepto aquellos que su significado no sea el mismo. Recopila términos frecuentes y actuales necesarios para la comprensión de textos en esa rama.
Factors Related to Nurses' Moral Distress in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Authors: Zulaihah Siti , Harmayetty Harmayetty , Kusumaningrum Tiyas
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The global COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to healthcare systems and professionals with the potential moral distress. The purpose of this review was to describe the risk factors associated with the moral distress of nurses in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The search for literature review articles was carried out in three databases (Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed) with a publication span of 2019-2020. The PRISMA checklist was used to guide this review. Analysis and data tabulation were carried out in the article. Title, abstract, full-text and methodology were assessed to determine study eligibility.

Result: A total of eight studies that fit the inclusion criteria were discussed based on internal and external factors of the risk of moral distress by nurses. Internal factors for the risk of nurses' moral distress include experience, decision making, perceptions of job dissatisfaction, patient care, coping with maladaptive strategies, failure to successfully care for patients, and limitations in take action. External factors for the risk of moral distress for nurses include lack of teamwork, unfavorable work environment and situations, conflicts of interest, excessive work demands, lack of resources, and loss of control over work situations.

Conclusion:
The risk factors for nurses' moral distress can be explained based on internal and external factors. The experience of nurses is important in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic because this pandemic is a new disease and no treatment has yet been found, so other factors are associated with experience.
Foreign Aid and External Debt–A Bane or a Boom to the Ghanaian Economy? New Insights
Authors: Mumuni Sulemana
Published: September 2022

Over recent years, the Ghanaian economy has struggled to find its feet on the ground despite rising public debt and unending inflows of foreign aid. Against this backdrop, this study employs the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) estimation technique on data from 1970 to 2020 to test the usefulness of the debt overhang hypothesis and the dependency theory in the special case of Ghana. The results confirm evidence of the debt overhang hypothesis and the center-periphery wisdom of the dependency theory in Ghana. The findings depict that an increase in external debt stock and total debt service on external debt have both short and long-run growth-limiting effects on the Ghanaian economy. Similarly, foreign aid catalyzes growth only in the short run and later suppresses rather than stimulates economic growth in Ghana over the long run. The study recommends that harnessing domestic resources, maintaining fiscal discipline by cutting down unproductive expenditures, enhancing an effective tax system, and promoting institutional capabilities to counteract corruption and openness to trade are better ways to fast-track growth development in Ghana.
Prevalence of Physical Symptoms and Burnout Syndrome in Healthcare Professionals after One Year of Pandemic: Study #COVID 19PS
Authors: Esquirol Caussa Jordi , García San Emeterio Manuel , Méndez Olavide Marta , Bayo Tallón Vanessa , Sánchez Aldeguer Josep
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The healthcare pressure and emotional tension during the first year of the COVID 19 pandemic have been able to affect the health of healthcare personnel. Physical and psychological symptoms attributed to a work situation and or COVID 19 infection are describ ed in health professionals. Objective: to analyze the prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms directly or indirectly related to COVID 19 (occupational causes, illness or persistent COVID 19) after a 12 month pandemic. Methods: #COVID19PS is a cro ss sectional analytical study using an ad hoc questionnaire distributed through social media to record physical and psychological symptoms related to COVID 19 in health professionals. Variables: age, sex, geographical origin, profession, characteristics of the work environment, physical symptoms, Maslach test ( for health professionals. Univariate and bivariate statistical analysis using t distribution, Chi square, ANOVA using IBM SPSS v20®. Results: N=1.159 ( women, 21.8% men; 44.6% <35 years old, 23.9% between 35 45years); 96.5% Spaniards. Professions: 17.1% medicine, 12.7% nursing, 32% physiotherapy, 24.1% occupational therapy, 14.1% others; 47.5% belonged to direct care for COVID 19 patients. 28.2% had passed the disease and 3.7% had it acti ve. 61.6% had physical symptoms ( neurological, 31.7% musculoskeletal, 29.6% general, 20.9% gastrointestinal, 20.3% skin, 19.2% cardiovascular, 16% respiratory (p= 96.9% had a medium high Burnout index (p= 48.3% with high levels of Emot ional Exhaustion, 62.9% with medium high level of Depersonalization and 74% with medium low levels of Personal Accomplishment. Conclusion: all health professions present high rates of physical and burnout consequences of the first year of COVID 19 pandemic.
Developing a Tool for Auditing the Quality of Antibiotic Dispensing in Community Pharmacies: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lambert Maarten , Benkő Ria , Chalkidou Athina , Lykkegaard Jesper , Hansen Malene Plejdrup , Llor Carl , Touboul Lundgren Pia , Trečiokienė Indrė , Karkana Maria-Nefeli , Kowalczyk Anna , Taxis Katja
Published: September 2022

Background. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control describes the community pharmacist as gatekeeper to the quality of antibiotic use. The pharmacist has the responsibility to guard safe and effective antibiotic use; however, little is known about how this is implemented in practice. Aims. To assess the feasibility of a method to audit the quality of antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacy practice and to explore antibiotic dispensing practices in Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain. Methods. The Audit Project Odense methodology to audit antibiotic dispensing practice was adapted for use in community pharmacy practice. Community pharmacists registered antibiotic dispensing on a specifically developed registration chart and were asked to provide feedback on the registration method. Results. Altogether twenty pharmacists were recruited in four countries. They registered a total of 409 dispenses of oral antibiotics. Generally, pharmacists were positive about the feasibility of implementing the registration chart in practice. The frequency of checking for allergies, contraindications and interactions differed largely between the four countries. Pharmacists provided little advice to patients. The pharmacists rarely contacted prescribers. Conclusion. This tool seems to make it possible to get a useful picture of antibiotic dispensing patterns in community pharmacies. Dispensing practice does not seem to correspond with EU guidelines according to these preliminary results.
Fully Automated Public Transportation Mobility : A Dream or A Nightmare?
Authors: Konstantas Dimitri , Fournier Guy
Published: September 2022

During the past few years many projects and initiatives were undertaken deploying and testing automated vehicles for public transportation and logistics. However in spite of their ambition, all of these deployments stayed on the level of elaborated experimentation deploying no more than 4 maximum 5 AVs in rather small sites (few Kms of roads) and never really reached the level of large scale “commercial” deployment of transport services. The reasons for this are many, but the most important being the lack of economically viability and commercially realistic models, the lack of scalability of the business and operating models, and the lack of inclusive citizen/user centric services required for the large end-user acceptation and adoption of the solutions. In this paper, based on the experience gained in the H2020 AVENUE project, we present the missing pieces of the puzzle, ad which will be addressed in the Horizon Europe project ULTIMO.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and its Immunomodulatory Properties
Authors: Tieu Sophie , Karrow Niel , Mallard Bonnie , Bridle Byram , Charch Armen , Wagter-Lesperance Lauri
Published: September 2022

Despite the increasing interest and use of NAC over the decades, there remains much debate surrounding NAC’s mechanisms of action. It was widely believed that NAC exerts its antioxidant and cytoprotective properties through its ability to act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis, and a disulfide reductant. However, these three major narratives are only applicable under specific circumstances and cannot explain NAC’s actions in a more general context.  A newly emerging alternative mechanism of action of NAC involving hydrogen sulfide and sulfane sulfur species may serve to provide an explanation of NAC’s effects in a more generalized context. Part II of this review will provide an overview of NAC’s mechanisms of molecular action.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Naphthalene Derivatives as Potent STAT3 inhibitors and Agents Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Yang Zhengyan , Xu Hongyun , Yang Yupo , Duan Chaoqun , Zhang Pai , Wang Yang , Fu Kai , Shen Yonghong , Xu Marvin Xuejun
Published: September 2022

Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the worst prognostic subtype of breast cancer and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is overexpressed and constitutively activated in TNBCs and associated with poor patient outcomes. However, no agents targeting STAT3 have been successfully developed and marketed. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) have been reported as potential inhibitors of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Naphthalene compounds have good pharmacological activity and significant anti-cancer activity. In this study, we synthesized a new series of naphthalene derivatives with the general structure of SERM and evaluated their effects on TNBC and STAT3 signals.
Methods
A new series of compounds based on the scaffold of SERMs and an amino group were designed and screened based on the structure-activity relationship by MTT assay. The binding activity of SMY002 to STAT3 was predicted and validated by docking and SPR. The STAT3 signaling target and anti-cancer effects of SMY002 were evaluated with three TNBC cell lines and the mice transplanted tumor model.
Results
Among the compounds, SMY002 displayed the most potent activity, which could directly interact with STAT3 SH2-domain, and strongly inhibit the phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear distribution, transcriptional activity, and target genes expression of STAT3. Furthermore, SMY002 markedly suppressed migration, invasion, survival, growth, and metastasis of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo via down-regulating the expression of Cyclin D1 and MMP9.
Conclusions
SMY002 can significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC cells by targeting the STAT3 signal.
WNK1 enforces macrophage lineage fidelity
Authors: Perry Justin , Trzeciak Alissa , Rojas Waleska Saitz , Krebs Adam , Zago Giulia , Wang Ya-Ting , Wang Zhaoquan , Saavedra Pedro , Xie Jian , Huang Chou-Long , Overholtzer Michael , Glickman Michael , Parkhurst Christopher , Vierbuchen Thomas , Lucas Christopher
Published: September 2022

The appropriate development of myeloid progenitors into macrophages, the body’s professional phagocyte, is essential for organismal development, especially in mammals1. This dependence is exemplified by the observation that loss-of-function mutation in colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) results in multiple tissue abnormalities including osteopetrosis2. Despite this importance, little is known about the molecular and cell biological regulation of macrophage development. Here, we report the surprising finding that the chloride-sensing kinase With-no-lysine 1 (WNK1) is required for embryonic development of tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). Myeloid-specific deletion of Wnk1 caused a dramatic loss of TRMs and subsequently disrupted organ development, induced systemic neutrophilia, and resulted in mortality between 3 and 4 weeks of age. Specifically, we observed that WNK1 absence stalled macrophage differentiation at the myeloid multipotent progenitor (MPP) stage, instead skewing MPP differentiation towards granulopoiesis. Mechanistically, the cognate CSF1R cytokine, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), triggers macropinocytosis in myeloid progenitors, which in turn induces phosphorylation of WNK1. Importantly, macropinocytosis by myeloid progenitors increases cytosolic chloride, which is directly sensed by WNK1. Perturbing chloride flux during macropinocytosis, inhibiting WNK1 chloride-sensing, and blocking macropinocytosis each skew progenitor differentiation from macrophage lineage to granulocyte lineage. Thus, we have uncovered a novel mechanism that links a cell biological process to a molecular circuit whereby WNK1 chloride-sensing and chloride flux act downstream of M-CSF-induced macropinocytosis by multipotent progenitors to ensure macrophage lineage fidelity.
Modeling exotic fraction to predict regions with high potential of plant invasion.
Authors: Tyler R. Kirsten , Galford Gillian , Wallin Kimberly
Published: September 2022

Invasive plant species contribute to alteration of ecosystem functioning, reduction of native diversity, and have negative effects on numerous ecosystem services. Increases in anthropogenic regional connectivity is effectively intensifying establishment of self-sustaining populations of invasive plants around the globe. However, some ecosystems are disproportionately susceptible to incoming species. In this study, we used a recently compiled global data set of invasive plant distributions to calculate exotic fraction and estimate regional invasibility on a global scale. We found islands in Australasia to have the highest potential for future plant invasions. An appropriate invasibility metric, as the one developed here, has been largely lacking from invasive species studies despite its potential to guide effective, pre-emptive strategies for invasion prevention. We suggest that this tool is used as an efficient method to determine regions of greatest priority and opportunity for successful mitigation of threats from invasion.
Should commercial diagnostic testing be stimulated or discouraged? Analyzing willingness-to-pay and market externalities using three case studies from the Netherlands
Authors: Stadhouders Niek , Vliet Ella van , Brabers Anne , Dijk Wieteke van , Onstwedder Suzanne
Published: September 2022

Introduction -
Consumers may purchase commercial diagnostic tests (CDT) without prior doctor consultation. This paper analyzes three CDT markets - commercial cholesterol tests (CCT), direct-to-consumer genetic health tests (DGT) and total body scans (TBS) - in the context of the universal, collectively financed healthcare system of the Netherlands.
Methods -
An online willingness-to-pay (WTP)-questionnaire was sent to a representative sample of 1500 Dutch consumers. Using contingent valuation (CV) methodology, an array of bids for three self-tests were presented to the respondents. The results were extrapolated to the Dutch population and compared to current prices and follow-up medical utilization, allowing analysis from a societal perspective.
Results -
Overall, 880 of 1500 respondents completed the questionnaire (response rate 59%). Of the respondents, 26%-44% was willing to pay a positive amount for the CDT. WTP was correlated to gender and household income, but not to health status or prior experience with these tests. At mean current prices of €29 for CCT, €229 for DGT and €1650 for TBS, 3.3%, 2.5%, and 1.1%, was willing to purchase a CCT, DGT, and TBS, respectively. All three CDT resulted in net costs to the health system, estimated at €5, €16, and €44 per test, respectively. Reducing volumes by 90,000 CCTs (19%), 19,000 DGTs (5%) and 4,000 TBSs (2.5%) in 2019 would optimize welfare.
Conclusion -
Most respondents were unwilling to consume CDT at any price or only if the CDT were provided for free. However, for a small group of consumers, societal cost exceed private benefits. Therefore, CDT regulation could provide small welfare gains.
Evaluation of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients in a sub- saharan African setting: Transient elastography Versus APRI, FIB4, GTT/ Platelet scores
Authors: Eloumou Servais Albert Fiacre Bagnaka , Nga Tatiana Winnie Bekolo , Ndam Antonin Ndjitoyap , Shang Cynthia Kila , Malongue Agnes , Noah Dominique Noah , Andoulo Firmin Ankouane , Tzeuton Christian , Luma Henry Namme , Gouajio Gael Gilles Aghoagni , Djapa Guy Roger Nsenga
Published: September 2022

Background: Non-invasive markers which use routine laboratory tests are less expensive and highly needed to assess and stage liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients in Sub Saharan Africa. We aimed at evaluating liver fibrosis, using Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis Index Based on 4 factors (FIB4), and Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio (GPR) in chronic hepatitis B patients with transient elastography as the reference so as to choose an alternative to transient elastography.
Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study using the records of patients who attended the Douala General Hospital and Marie O Polyclinic Douala between 2012 to 2017. Non-invasive tests were compared with Transient Elastography. The spearman coefficient was used to determine correlation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were used to get the optimal cut off values. The diagnostic accuracy was estimated by calculating the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the 243 patient records studied, the median age or inter quartile range (IQR) was 35(29-42) years with a male predominance of 73.7%. More than 60% of the study population had normal transaminases. Significant fibrosis was found in 88(36.2%) patient and 32(13.7%) patient had cirrhosis. APRI had the best cut off values and highest area under the ROC Curve, for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis with 0.55(0.823 95% CI [0.769-0.869], P<0.001) and 0.65(0.84 95% CI [0.788-0.884], P<0.005) respectively.
Conclusion: APRI, had the best diagnostic properties to detect liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Douala. The cut off values are 0.55 and 0.65 for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis respectively.
Generating a novel chaotic system by coupling (Rossler-Chen) systems
Authors: Ibraheem Mustafa Khalil , Jamal Raied K.
Published: September 2022

In this work, a novel chaotic system with a new chaotic behavior is proposed when two chaotic systems (Rossler and Chen) with two different behaviors are combined. The x1, y1 and z1 dynamics of the Rӧssler system was coupled with x2,y2 and z2 dynamics of the Chen system respectively. The Berkeley Madonna program was used to implement and analyze the behavior of the novel chaotic system. The novel chaotic system presented a fundamental difference in the time series of the three dynamics and also a difference in the attractors compared to the time series and the attractors of the two original systems, where the output behavior of a novel chaotic system was almost double scrolling and hyper chaotic behavior. When examining the fast Fourier transformation spectra, it was found that the behavior of the novel chaotic system has a wider bandwidth than the initial state, which means that the Chen system affected the Rossler system significantly and increased the efficiency of the work of the Rossler system in a number of applications, most importantly in secure communications.
The Power Spectrum Of Primordial Gravitational Waves Generated by Anisotropic Metric
Authors: Mohammadi Taimur , Malekolkalami Behrooz
Published: September 2022

One of the predictions from simple inflation models is stochastic background of gravitational waves (or literally what is called Primordial Gravitational Waves (PGW)) with a nearly scale– invariant spectrum. To discuss a possible direct detection of PGW, the quantity so–called Spectral Energy Density (SED) has crucial role. In this work, we consider PGW amplified by inflation and generated by perturbing the Anisotropic (Bianchi type–I) metric. We focus on the SED quantity of these gravity waves. The intended frameworks are the Einstein’s and modified (pure quadratic Ricci scalar) gravities. The spectral graphs for SED shows that in Einstein’s gravity, the anisotropic model has the ability to adapt to the observational data (BBN bounds) and in the modified gravity, in addition to observational constraint adaptation, the scale–invariant character of the spectrum is much more pronounced.
Thermal performance enhancement of the wick-type solar still using Titanium dioxide nanoparticles embedded in paraffin wax as a phase change storage material
Authors: Ibrahim Ali , El-Sebaii Ahmed , Aboul-Enein Saad , Hegazy Mohamed , Fleafl Assem , Khallaf A.M.
Published: September 2022

In this study, the performance of the wick-type solar still was investigated using phase change storage material (PCM) with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Therefore, two solar stills were fabricated one of which was operated with pure PCM and the other one was operated with PCM incorporated with Tio2 nanoparticles. The use of the nanoparticles was to enhance the thermal conductivity of the PCM and hence improve the productivity and the efficiency of the studied solar still. The proposed design was investigated with jute and cotton as wick materials. The results revealed that the addition of the nanoparticles boosted the thermal conductivity of the PCM by 9.6%. Moreover, the daily productivity was found to be 1058 and 1226 ml/m2hr for cotton and jute, respectively in case of the presence of the PCM-nanocomposite.
BNP protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion via activating the PKG-STAT3 pathway
Authors: Fu Feng , Chang Pan , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Jing , Wang Jianbang , Wang Xihui , Li Man , Wang Rui , Yu Jun
Published: September 2022

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) belongs to the family of natriuretic peptides, which are responsible for a wide range of actions. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is often associated with increased BNP levels. This present research intends to explore the role of BNP in the development of DCM and the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced in mice using streptozotocin (STZ). Primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with high glucose. It was found that the levels of plasma BNP started to increase at 8 weeks after diabetes, which preceded the development of DCM. Addition of exogenous BNP promoted Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion, inhibited mitochondrial oxidative stress, preserved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and prevent the development of DCM, while knockdown of endogenous BNP exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerated DCM. Opa1 knockdown attenuated the aforementioned protective action of BNP both in vivo and in vitro. BNP-induced mitochondrial fusion requires the activation of STAT3, which facilitated Opa1 transcription by binding to its promoter regions. PKG, a crucial signaling biomolecule in the BNP signaling pathway, interacted with STAT3 and induced its activation. Knockdown of NPRA (the receptor of BNP) or PKG blunted the promoting effect of BNP on STAT3 phosphorylation and Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. The result of this study demonstrated for the first time that there is a rise in BNP during the early stages of DCM as a compensatory protection mechanism. BNP is a novel mitochondrial fusion activator in protecting against hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial oxidative injury and DCM through the activation of NPRA-PKG-STAT3-Opa1 signaling pathway.
A Rare Case of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Found Within Borderline Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Shin Stephanie E. , Lee Margaret , Greenwalt Ian , Sogunro Olutayo
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast is a fibroepithelial neoplasm with incidence of around 1%. In 1-2% of PTs, a concomitant breast carcinoma is incidentally found encapsulated within the PT. Here, we present a rare case of an infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) found within a borderline phyllodes tumor (bPT).
Methods: Medical records were queried for this patient who received care at our facility in 2022.
Results: A 32-year-old Asian female presented to our breast surgery center for bilateral masses present for 2 years. She denied any remarkable family history, use of hormonal therapy, and had no history of breast or ovarian cancers. Multiple initial core needle biopsies (CNB) revealed non-concerning fibroadenomas in both breasts. Eighteen months later, she noted a rapid increase in her left breast, prompting biopsy which revealed a borderline phyllodes tumor, removed intraoperatively shortly after. Surgical pathology reported an incidentally found IDC and DCIS, both encapsulated within the bPTand a positive superior margin. Re-excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed and pathology was without any residual tumors and all lymph nodes were negative. Closure was achieved by plastic surgery with local tissue rearrangement in both surgeries. To our knowledge, the patient has not had any complications and her right breast lesions are stable.
Conclusions: There are currently no treatment guidelines for encapsulated IDC and DCIS. While these cases are exceedingly rare, breast surgeons should be aware of the possible PT disease course and how to counsel their patient if an encapsulated breast carcinoma is found.