bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four new threatened species of Rinorea (Violaceae), treelets from the forests of Cameroon
Authors: Achoundong Gaston , van der Burgt Xander , Cheek Martin
Published: November 2021

Four species of Rinorea are described as new to science; all four species are endemic to evergreen rain forest in Cameroon. Rinorea villiersii Achound. and R. amietii Achound are placed in Rinorea [unranked] Crassiflorae M.Brandt, while, R. dewildei Achound. and R. faurei Achound. fall in Rinorea [unranked] Dentatae Engl. The first species appears to be endemic to the Solé Forest Reserve northeast of Yabassi in Littoral Region. The second and the third species are found mainly in Littoral and South Regions, R. amietii extending to South West Region and R. dewildei extending to Central Region. The fourth species, R. faurei is an endemic of the Santchou Forest Reserve at the foot of Dschang Plateau in West Region. The taxonomic affinities of the four species are discussed, illustrations and a distribution map are provided, and their conservation status is assessed. All four species are threatened with extinction according to the 2012 IUCN categories and criteria.
A First Course in Statistical Programming with R
Authors: Braun W. John , Murdoch Duncan J.
Published: November 2021

This third edition of Braun and Murdoch's bestselling textbook now includes discussion of the use and design principles of the tidyverse packages in R, including expanded coverage of ggplot2, and R Markdown. The expanded simulation chapter introduces the Box–Muller and Metropolis–Hastings algorithms. New examples and exercises have been added throughout. This is the only introduction you'll need to start programming in R, the computing standard for analyzing data. This book comes with real R code that teaches the standards of the language. Unlike other introductory books on the R system, this book emphasizes portable programming skills that apply to most computing languages and techniques used to develop more complex projects. Solutions, datasets, and any errata are available from www.statprogr.science. Worked examples - from real applications - hundreds of exercises, and downloadable code, datasets, and solutions make a complete package for anyone working in or learning practical data science.
Documenting 6,000 Years of Indigenous Fisheries and Settlement as Seen through Vibracore Sampling on the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Duffield Seonaid , Walkus Jennifer , White Elroy , McKechnie Iain , Mackie Quentin , McLaren Duncan
Published: November 2021

This article highlights the utility of vibracore technology to sample deep shell midden deposits on the Central Pacific Coast of British Columbia, Canada. Analysis of six core samples and 21 radiocarbon dates revealed that the archaeological deposits extended to a depth of 544 cm below surface and that occupation began approximately 6,000 years ago, continuing into the sixteenth century AD. Zooarchaeological identification of fine screened (2 mm) sediments shows that fish constitute 99.8% of identified vertebrate fauna, with a focus on herring (Clupea pallasii), salmon (Oncorhynchussp.), rockfish (Sebastessp.), and greenling (Hexagrammossp.), followed by a variety of other fish taxa utilized throughout the occupation of this site. Despite a much smaller examined volume relative to conventional excavation, vibracoring was effective in recovering deep, stratigraphically intact, and adequate samples of zooarchaeological fisheries data as well as a considerable number of stone, bone, and shell artifacts (an estimated 550 artifacts per cubic meter of cultural sediments). These results show a persistent and sustainable ancient fishery through six millennia until the contact period. The field and laboratory methods described are especially conducive to sampling large and deep shell midden deposits repetitively.
Catholic marriages and family politics: the Vaux children vs. Sir Thomas Tresham
Authors: McKeogh Katie
Published: November 2021

The recusant brothers-in-law William, third Baron Vaux of Harrowden (1535-95) and Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605), are best-known as exemplars of stalwart Catholicism and for their claims of fidelity to queen and country. They rose to prominence for their connection to the Jesuit proto-martyr Edmund Campion in 1581, and Vaux’s daughters Anne and Eleanor are celebrated — or notorious — for their support of the Jesuit Henry Garnet and suspected complicity in the Gunpowder Plot. Tresham’s sister Mary married Vaux, and the two men enjoyed a close friendship. Vaux leant heavily on Tresham for counsel, and the families have thus been absorbed into arguments for a closed Catholic community who drew closer together amid persecution. Yet these families were also divided, not by religio-political matters of great weight, but by more earthly causes of family unhappiness: youthful disobedience, scandalous marriage, and money. Through a close analysis of three linked episodes of family strife, this article looks beyond the singular fact of their confessional identity to argue that, like their Protestant counterparts, Catholics were not immune to acrimony. Disruptions to family unity could heap further tribulation on Catholics, and shared confessional identity might not be sufficient to repair bonds once severed.
Specificity of Entorhinal Atrophy MRI Scale in Predicting Alzheimer’s Disease Conversion
Authors: Roberge Xavier , Brisson Mélanie , Laforce Robert Jr.
Published: November 2021

We compared entorhinal cortex atrophy (ERICA) score vs. medial temporal atrophy (MTA) score’s ability to predict conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that ERICA would show higher specificity. Data from 61 aMCI patients were analyzed. Positive ERICA was associated with AD conversion with a sensitivity of 56% (95% CI: 30–80%) and a specificity of 78% (63–89%) vs. 69% (41–89%) SE and 60% (44–74%) SP for the MTA. Results suggest that ERICA is superior to MTA in predicting conversion from aMCI to AD in a small sample of participants.
Late-night noise hazards and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's countermeasures in the 1960s
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi
Published: November 2021

In 1960s Tokyo, late-night noise became a source of annoyance for urban-dwellers in residential areas. The problem was primarily due to young people who congregated around small food establishments eating and drinking. The situation led to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government to attempt to remove such small businesses through the 1969 Environmental Pollution Prevention Ordinance. However, the section of the ordinance dealing with late-night noise hazards was diluted by the political parties, who supported the interests of such businesses, hence failing to satisfy local residents who were victims of the problem.
Language history on fast forward: Innovations in heritage languages and diachronic change
Authors: Kupisch Tanja , Polinsky Maria
Published: November 2021

There has been a substantial amount of research on heritage language acquisition and diachronic change. Although recent work has increasingly pointed to parallels between those two areas, it remains unclear how systematic these are. In this paper, we provide a bird's eye view, illustrating how patterns of diachronic change are mirrored in heritage language grammars. In doing so, we focus on one of the best-described grammaticalization processes – namely, the formation of articles from demonstratives and numerals, reviewing studies on heritage varieties which mirror those processes. Based on this review, we make two main points: that change in heritage language can be predicted based on established diachronic scenarios, and that heritage languages often amplify incipient changes in the baseline. After discussing a number of attested changes in a bilingual context, we identify directions for future research in the domain of determiners in heritage languages.
Atom Probe Study of the Miscibility Gap in CuNi Thin Films and Microstructure Development
Authors: Duran Rüya , Stender Patrick , Eich Sebastian Manuel , Schmitz Guido
Published: November 2021

The unclear miscibility of CuNi alloys was investigated with atom probe tomography (APT). Multilayered thin film samples were prepared by ion beam sputtering (IBS) and focused ion beam (FIB) shaping. Long-term isothermal annealing treatments in a UHV furnace were conducted at temperatures of 573, 623, and 673 K to investigate the mixing process. The effective interdiffusion coefficient of the nanocrystalline microstructure (including defect diffusion) was determined to be Deff = 1.86 × 10−10 m2/s × exp(−164 kJ/mol/RT) by fitting periodic composition profiles through a Fourier series. In nonequilibrium states, microstructural defects like grain boundaries and precipitates were observed. While at the two higher temperatures total mixing is observed, a clear experimental evidence is found for a miscibility gap at 573 K with the boundary concentrations of 26 and 66 at%. These two compositions are used in a subregular solution model to reconstruct the phase miscibility gap. So, the critical temperature TC of the miscibility gap is found to be 608 K at a concentration of 45 at% Ni.
Vorschlag eines umfassenden Modells zur Vorhersage von Präsentismus
Authors: Aloia Regina , Priebe Janosch A.
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Das Phänomen „Präsentismus“ definiert als das Verhalten von Berufstätigen, trotz Vorliegen von Krankheitssymptomen der Arbeitstätigkeit nachzugehen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene Faktoren Präsentismus beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung soll ein umfassendes Modell, das die Vorhersagequalität personenbedingter, organisationaler und arbeitsbezogener Faktoren hinsichtlich Präsentismus zeigt, entwickelt werden und damit bestehende Forschungsbefunde erweitern, um somit zu einem besseren Verständnis von Präsentismus beizutragen. Um die Fehlervarianz zu minimieren wurden über 800 Probanden eines einzigen Unternehmens befragt. Es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge von Präsentismus vor allem mit organisationalen und arbeitsbezogenen Faktoren, i.e. „Arbeitsplatzsicherheit“, „empfundene Gerechtigkeit“, „Unterstützung des Vorgesetzten“, „Funktion“ sowie „Vertretung im Krankheitsfall“, während nur „Gesundheitszustand“ als einziger personenbedingter Aspekt einen Prädiktionswert hatte.
Global event-based surveillance of chemical incidents
Authors: Gaulton Tom , Hague Charlotte , Cole David , Thomas Eirian , Duarte-Davidson Raquel
Published: November 2021

Background

The number of chemicals in our society and in our daily lives continues to increase. Accompanying this is an increasing risk of human exposure to and injury from hazardous substances. Performing regular, structured surveillance of chemical incidents allows a greater awareness of the types of chemical hazards causing injury and the frequency of their occurrence, as well as providing a better understanding of exposures.

Objective

The objective of performing event-based surveillance (EBS) and capturing chemical incidents is to use this information to increase the situational awareness of chemical incidents, improve the management of these incidents and to inform measures to protect public health.

Methods

This paper describes a method for EBS for chemical incidents, including the sources used, storing the gathered information and subsequent analysis of potential trends in the data.

Results

We describe trends in the type of incidents that have been detected, the chemicals involved in these incidents and the health effects caused, in different geographic regions of the world.

Significance

The methodology presented here provides a rapid and simple means of identifying chemical incidents that can be set up rapidly and with minimal cost, the outputs of which can be used to identify emerging risks and inform preparedness planning, response and training for chemical incidents.
Long-term results and GvHD after prophylactic and preemptive donor lymphocyte infusion after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia
Authors: Schmid Christoph , Labopin Myriam , Schaap Nicolaas , Veelken Hendrik , Brecht Arne , Stadler Michael , Finke Juergen , Baron Frederic , Collin Matthew , Bug Gesine , Ljungman Per , Blaise Didier , Tischer Johanna , Bloor Adrian , Kulagin Aleksander , Giebel Sebastian , Gorin Norbert-Claude , Esteve Jordi , Ciceri Fabio , Savani Bipin , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad
Published: November 2021

We report on 318 patients with acute leukemia, receiving donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in complete hematologic remission (CHR) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). DLI were applied preemptively (preDLI) for minimal residual disease (MRD, n = 23) or mixed chimerism (MC, n = 169), or as prophylaxis in high-risk patients with complete chimerism and molecular remission (proDLI, n = 126). Median interval from alloSCT to DLI1 was 176 days, median follow-up was 7.0 years. Five-year cumulative relapse incidence (CRI), non-relapse mortality (NRM), leukemia-free and overall survival (LFS/OS) of the entire cohort were 29.1%, 12.7%, 58.2%, and 64.3%. Cumulative incidences of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) grade II–IV°/chronic GvHD were 11.9%/31%. Nineteen patients (6%) died from DLI-induced GvHD. Age ≥60 years (p = 0.046), advanced stage at transplantation (p = 0.003), shorter interval from transplantation (p = 0.018), and prior aGvHD ≥II° (p = 0.036) were risk factors for DLI-induced GvHD. GvHD did not influence CRI, but was associated with NRM and lower LFS/OS. Efficacy of preDLI was demonstrated by decreasing MRD/increasing blood counts in 71%, and increasing chimerism in 70%. Five-year OS after preDLI for MRD/MC was 51%/68% among responders, and 37% among non-responders. The study describes response and outcome of DLI in CHR and helps to identify candidates without increased risk of severe GvHD.
Advantages of multi-arm non-randomised sequentially allocated cohort designs for Phase II oncology trials
Authors: Mossop Helen , Grayling Michael J. , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Welsh Sarah J. , Stewart Grant D. , Wason James M. S.
Published: November 2021

Background

Efficient trial designs are required to prioritise promising drugs within Phase II trials. Adaptive designs are examples of such designs, but their efficiency is reduced if there is a delay in assessing patient responses to treatment.

Methods

Motivated by the WIRE trial in renal cell carcinoma (NCT03741426), we compare three trial approaches to testing multiple treatment arms: (1) single-arm trials in sequence with interim analyses; (2) a parallel multi-arm multi-stage trial and (3) the design used in WIRE, which we call the Multi-Arm Sequential Trial with Efficient Recruitment (MASTER) design. The MASTER design recruits patients to one arm at a time, pausing recruitment to an arm when it has recruited the required number for an interim analysis. We conduct a simulation study to compare how long the three different trial designs take to evaluate a number of new treatment arms.

Results

The parallel multi-arm multi-stage and the MASTER design are much more efficient than separate trials. The MASTER design provides extra efficiency when there is endpoint delay, or recruitment is very quick.

Conclusions

We recommend the MASTER design as an efficient way of testing multiple promising cancer treatments in non-comparative Phase II trials.
Durvalumab with platinum-pemetrexed for unresectable pleural mesothelioma: survival, genomic and immunologic analyses from the phase 2 PrE0505 trial
Authors: Forde Patrick M. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Sun Zhuoxin , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Kindler Hedy L. , Niknafs Noushin , Purcell Thomas , Santana-Davila Rafael , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. , Borghaei Hossein , Lanis Mara , Belcaid Zineb , Smith Kellie N. , Balan Archana , White James R. , Cherry Christopher , Ashok Sivakumar I. K. , Shao Xiaoshan M. , Chan Hok Yee , Singh Dipika , Thapa Sampriti , Illei Peter B. , Pardoll Drew M. , Karchin Rachel , Velculescu Victor E. , Brahmer Julie R. , Ramalingam Suresh S.
Published: November 2021

Mesothelioma is a rare and fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options until the recent approval of combination immune checkpoint blockade. Here we report the results of the phase 2 PrE0505 trial (NCT02899195) of the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab plus platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy for 55 patients with previously untreated, unresectable pleural mesothelioma. The primary endpoint was overall survival compared to historical control with cisplatin and pemetrexed chemotherapy; secondary and exploratory endpoints included safety, progression-free survival and biomarkers of response. The combination of durvalumab with chemotherapy met the pre-specified primary endpoint, reaching a median survival of 20.4 months versus 12.1 months with historical control. Treatment-emergent adverse events were consistent with known side effects of chemotherapy, and all adverse events due to immunotherapy were grade 2 or lower. Integrated genomic and immune cell repertoire analyses revealed that a higher immunogenic mutation burden coupled with a more diverse T cell repertoire was linked to favorable clinical outcome. Structural genome-wide analyses showed a higher degree of genomic instability in responding tumors of epithelioid histology. Patients with germline alterations in cancer predisposing genes, especially those involved in DNA repair, were more likely to achieve long-term survival. Our findings indicate that concurrent durvalumab with platinum-based chemotherapy has promising clinical activity and that responses are driven by the complex genomic background of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Discussion on effect of material on UV reflection and its disinfection with focus on Japanese Stucco for interior wall
Authors: Endo Tomonori , Gemma Aki , Mitsuyoshi Ryoto , Kodama Hiroki , Asaka Daiya , Kono Midori , Mochizuki Takeshi , Kojima Hiromi , Iwamoto Takeo , Saito Saburo
Published: November 2021

Research has previously shown that ultraviolet light C (UV-C) can inactivate unexpected infection. However, this type of potential disinfection is dramatically reduced for the shadow area such as under desk or medical equipment. Because the UV-C reflectance ratio is low on the general wall surfaces. We compared Stucco against the other materials to investigate whether we could improve disinfection for the shadow area. The reflectance ratios of UV-C irradiation of each material were examined, with particular attention to the rates for the author’s Modified Stucco. To evaluate the disinfection effects of the UV-C reflective lighting, colonies of E. coli and of Staphylococcus hominis were cultured in an agar media and counted over a certain time period after applying UV-C irradiation from a sterilizing lamp onto the investigation materials. The author’s Modified Stucco, produced reflectance ratios that was 11 times that of white wallpaper. This demonstrated that the UV-C reflected on the Stucco wall having optimum components and their compositions inhibited the number of E. coli and S. hominis, resulting in significantly disinfection effects on white wallpapers. The space with Modified Stucco and then irradiated by a UV-C may give a strong disinfection effect.
Immunogenic and efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on resistin-trimerized spike antigen SmT1 and SLA archaeosome adjuvant
Authors: Akache Bassel , Renner Tyler M. , Tran Anh , Deschatelets Lise , Dudani Renu , Harrison Blair A. , Duque Diana , Haukenfrers Julie , Rossotti Martin A. , Gaudreault Francis , Hemraz Usha D. , Lam Edmond , Régnier Sophie , Chen Wangxue , Gervais Christian , Stuible Matthew , Krishnan Lakshmi , Durocher Yves , McCluskie Michael J.
Published: November 2021

The huge worldwide demand for vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the continued development of novel improved formulations capable of reducing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we evaluated novel protein subunit vaccine formulations containing a resistin-trimerized spike antigen, SmT1. When combined with sulfated lactosyl archaeol (SLA) archaeosome adjuvant, formulations induced robust antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Antibodies had strong neutralizing activity, preventing viral spike binding and viral infection. In addition, the formulations were highly efficacious in a hamster challenge model reducing viral load and body weight loss even after a single vaccination. The antigen-specific antibodies generated by our vaccine formulations had stronger neutralizing activity than human convalescent plasma, neutralizing the spike proteins of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern. As such, our SmT1 antigen along with SLA archaeosome adjuvant comprise a promising platform for the development of efficacious protein subunit vaccine formulations for SARS-CoV-2.
Synergistic effect between the KCNQ1 haplotype and alcohol consumption on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean cohorts
Authors: Park Ji Young , Yoo Min-Gyu , Yun Ji Ho , Lee Hye-Ja , Park Sang Ick
Published: November 2021

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 (KCNQ1) is one of the strongest susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Association studies between KCNQ1 genetic variants and T2DM have been reported. The multifactorial disease T2DM is caused by interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. In this study, we examined the associations between the KCNQ1 haplotype, which consists of the major alleles rs3852528, rs11024175, and rs2237892 (ht: ACC), and environmental factors such as alcohol consumption, which are related to the risk of T2DM, in two independent Korean populations. Data from health examination studies, i.e., HEXA (n = 50,357 subjects) and the Ansung–Ansan community-based Korean cohort study (n = 7603), were analyzed. In both cohorts, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly increased in moderate-to-heavy drinkers and carriers of the homozygous ACC haplotype. A significant association between the KCNQ1 haplotype and alcohol consumption in the risk of diabetes was observed in the HEXA (OR 1.587; 95% CI 1.128–2.234) and Ansung–Ansan (OR 2.165; 95% CI 1.175–3.989) cohorts compared with abstainers not carrying the KCNQ1 haplotype. Associations of the KCNQ1 haplotype with alcohol consumption and β-cell function were observed in the Ansung–Ansan cohort. Moderate-to-heavy drinkers with the ACC haplotype had lower fasting insulin levels and mean 60 min insulinogenic index (IGI60) compared with light drinkers and abstainers not carrying the ACC haplotype. These findings indicate that KCNQ1 variants play a synergistic role with alcohol consumption in the development of T2DM and impaired β-cell function.
A potent truncated form of human soluble CR1 is protective in a mouse model of renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Bongoni Anjan K. , Vikstrom Ingela B. , McRae Jennifer L. , Salvaris Evelyn J. , Fisicaro Nella , Pearse Martin J. , Wymann Sandra , Rowe Tony , Morelli Adriana Baz , Hardy Matthew P. , Cowan Peter J.
Published: November 2021

The complement system is a potent mediator of ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), which detrimentally affects the function and survival of transplanted kidneys. Human complement receptor 1 (HuCR1) is an integral membrane protein that inhibits complement activation by blocking the convertases that activate C3 and C5. We have previously reported that CSL040, a truncated form of recombinant soluble HuCR1 (sHuCR1), has enhanced complement inhibitory activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to the parent molecule. Here, we compared the capacity of CSL040 and full-length sHuCR1 to suppress complement-mediated organ damage in a mouse model of warm renal IRI. Mice were treated with two doses of CSL040 or sHuCR1, given 1 h prior to 22 min unilateral renal ischemia and again 3 h later. 24 h after reperfusion, mice treated with CSL040 were protected against warm renal IRI in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest dose of 60 mg/kg significantly reducing renal dysfunction, tubular injury, complement activation, endothelial damage, and leukocyte infiltration. In contrast, treatment with sHuCR1 at a molar equivalent dose to 60 mg/kg CSL040 did not confer significant protection. Our results identify CSL040 as a promising therapeutic candidate to attenuate renal IRI and demonstrate its superior efficacy over full-length sHuCR1 in vivo.
An impedimetric approach for COVID-19 detection
Authors: Tepeli Büyüksünetçi Yudum , Çitil Burak Ekrem , Anık Ülkü
Published: November 2021

An impedimetric biosensor that was based on SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism was developed.
Pd homojunctions enable remarkable CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Li Yunkai , Zhang Kaifu , Yu Yu , Zhan Xiaowen , Gui Jiaojiao , Xue Jingyu , Jin Xin , Gao Shan , Xie Yi
Published: November 2021

A facile melting–casting strategy for synthesizing 3D Pd aerogels is reported. As a proof-of-concept study, the homojunction effect is demonstrated as a powerful tool for optimizing the structure of metal-based catalysts and their CO2RR activity.
Structurally screening calixarenes as peptide transport activators
Authors: Zhang De-Yi , Zheng Zhe , Zhao Hong , Wang Huan-Yu , Ding Fei , Li Hua-Bin , Pan Yu-Chen , Guo Dong-Sheng
Published: November 2021

We studied the influence of calixarene structure on transport efficiency of peptides, and provide meaningful information for transport systems.
Laser-induced nucleation promotes crystal growth of anhydrous sodium bromide
Authors: Barber Eleanor R. , Ward Martin R. , Ward Andrew D. , Alexander Andrew J.
Published: November 2021

It is demonstrated that laser-induced nucleation enables preferential crystallization of metastable anhydrous solids from solution.
Single-molecule magnet achieved through topological tuning with sodium ions
Authors: Wu Yan-Fang , Hu Zhao-Bo , Quan Lixia , Jing Leina , Zhang Jinlei , Chen Zilu
Published: November 2021

A triangular MnIII3-based 2D framework exhibiting SMM properties was achieved by tuning the topological arrangement of cluster units and the intra-unit parameters through the linkage of diamagnetic Na(i) ions.
Experimental and theoretical investigations into the mechanisms of haliranium ion π-ligand exchange reactions with cyclic alkenes in the gas phase
Authors: Brydon Samuel C. , da Silva Gabriel , O’Hair Richard A. J. , White Jonathan M.
Published: November 2021

Haliranium ion reactivity with cyclic alkenes in the gas phase was investigated by examining how the nature of the halogen (X = Br or I) and the effect of ring strain affected the partitioning between π-ligand exchange and addition.
Inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins
Authors: Sengupta Rima , Ravikanth Mangalampalli , Chandrashekar Tavarekere K.
Published: November 2021

The review focuses on the synthesis, structure, aromaticity, and electronic and coordination properties of inverted and fused expanded heteroporphyrins.
Can you break the oxo-wall? A multiconfigurational perspective
Authors: Sen Asmita , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: November 2021

Ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations were utilised to offer a multiconfigurational perspective on the high-valent metal–oxo species that exist beyond the oxo-wall.
Intermediate-spin iron(iv)-oxido species with record reactivity
Authors: Comba Peter , Nunn George , Scherz Frederik , Walton Paul H.
Published: November 2021

The iron(iv)-oxido-chlorido complex shown has anS= 1 ground state and is the most reactive nonheme iron oxidant. It is shown that the reactivity relates to the energy of the dx2−y2orbital and therefore to the ligand field strength of the co-ligand.
A vacuum-assisted, highly parallelized microfluidic array for performing multi-step digital assays
Authors: Hu Jiumei , Chen Liben , Zhang Pengfei , Hsieh Kuangwen , Li Hui , Yang Samuel , Wang Tza-Huei
Published: November 2021

We developed a facile PDMS-based, vacuum-assisted microfluidic device that can perform multi-step and multi-reagent digital assays.
Structural transformation, magnetization reversal and magnetic switching in Cr doped GdMnO3 perovskite
Authors: Tiwari Priyanka , Yadav Manish , Bastia Aiswarjya , Pandey G. C. , Rath Chandana
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the effect of Cr doping on the structure and magnetic properties of a GdMnO3 (GMO) perovskite is reported.
Acceptor modulation for blue and yellow TADF materials and fabrication of all-TADF white OLED
Authors: Dong Ruizhi , Liu Di , Li Jiuyan , Ma Mengyao , Mei Yongqiang , Li Deli , Jiang Jingyang
Published: November 2021

4,4′-(4-Phenylpyridine-2,6-diyl)dibenzonitrile is designed as an acceptor to develop a sky-blue TADF emitter that exhibits a fluorescence rate constant of 107 s−1 and high EQEs of 25.6% and 18.5% in sky-blue and all-TADF white organic light-emitting diodes.
Unravelling the chemistry of catalyst surfaces and solvents towards C–C bond formation through activation and electrochemical conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbons over micro-structured dendritic copper
Authors: Rashid Nusrat , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad , Ingole Pravin P.
Published: November 2021

This study unravels the role of morphology at the aqueous/non-aqueous electrode/electrolyte interface in selective formation of C2 hydrocarbons from CO2.
Electrocatalytic performance of Mn-adsorbed g-C3N4: a first-principles study
Authors: Guo Liu , Li Rui , Jiang Jiawei , Zou Ji-Jun , Mi Wenbo
Published: November 2021

Adsorbed intermediates can induce magnetic moment changes of g-C3N4 and the interaction between the reaction intermediates and Mn active center mainly comes from the specific hybridization of O-p and Mn-d orbitals.
Glutathione-triggered nanoplatform for chemodynamic/metal-ion therapy
Authors: Liu Min , Wu Hongshuai , Wang Senlin , Hu Jinzhong , Sun Baiwang
Published: November 2021

The integration of metal-ion therapy and hydroxyl radical (˙OH)-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) holds great potential for anticancer treatment with high specificity and efficiency.
Improvement Separation Layer of Disconnected Piled Raft Foundations using Geogrid and Geocell Layers
Authors: Khalil Ayat I. , Mahmood Mahmood R. , Baker Husam H.
Published: November 2021

To control the problems of high stresses and applied moments in the piled raft foundations disconnected piled were used and the piles considered as reinforcement to the soil rather than as structural members, the gap (separation layer) between the piles and the raft can be filled with stabilized granular material which distributes the stresses below the raft and decreases the concentration stresses at the pile heads. Fifteen model tests were performed using three precast concrete pile models embedded within soft clayey soil of undrained shear strength 30kPa. Flexi-Force sensors were used fixed on piles head and the surrounding soil to measure the sharing load transmitted to piles and the surrounding soil. Geogrid and geocell materials were used in different depths and in multilayers to reinforce the separation layer and increase its stiffness. The results show that when reinforcing the separation layer with geogrid at different depths, an increase in depth over the top of the piles reduced the bearing pressure. When used, geocell reinforcement significantly increases in load carrying capacity, and a significant reduction in footing settlement occurs.
Investigating Variation Orders Causes in Iraqi Building Construction Projects
Authors: Alhilli Hassan Kamal , Rezoqi Sedki I.
Published: November 2021

Changes are a common phenomenon in the construction industry, impacting the project's cost, time, and performance. The purpose of this work is to a comprehensive review relating to variation order causes. Also, the aim here is to determine variation order causes in the building’s construction. More importantly, explore the relationship between these causes. However, the importance of specifying the causes for change orders is the first step in managing variation orders to reduce the harmful effect on a project. The field survey was conducted for several institutions such as health (Karkh’s health), higher education (University of Baghdad and University of Kufa). As a result, a field visit was made to the project sites. They were then, Conducting interviews with the resident engineer, the consultant, and the contractor. A developer tool called cause (variation orders) breakdown structure (CBS) included 12 causes at the first level, including 103 sub-causes. There is a relationship between the variation orders causes, which is evident in the third level. The study recommends adopting (CBS) a comprehensive reference for variation order causes in projects due to facilitating their management processes. Future research could examine the relative importance of variation order causes, in addition to using a fuzzy cognitive map to find the extent of each cause’s influence on the other.
A Comparative Study on Behavior of RC Columns Strengthened by CFRP and Steel Jacket
Authors: Ibraheem Rawaa S. , Al-Zuhairi Alaa H.
Published: November 2021

This paper studies the behavior of axially loaded RC columns which are confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymers’ sheet (CFRP) and steel jackets (SJ). The study is based on twelve axially loaded RC columns tested up to failure. It is divided into three schemes based on its strengthening type; each scheme has four columns. The main parameters in this study were the compressive strength of the concrete and steel reinforcement ratio. Furthermore, the results of the experimental test showed a substantial enhancement in the column's load-carrying capacity. When compared to the original columns, the CFRP sheet had a significant effect on improving the ductility of the column by increasing the axial deformation by about 59.2 to 95.7%. On the other hand, the SJ contributed mostly to the column load-carrying capacity, which increased the capacity of RC concrete from 75 to 107%; because of its composite action comparing with the CFRP sheet action in which unidirectional lateral confinement is provided. Both methods produced completely different failure modes. The columns strengthened with CFRP sheet failed by rupture occurring in the sheet fibers. The strengthened with SJ failed due to the buckling that occurred in the steel angles due to the direct contact with the head of the column, and crushing in the concrete has occurred.
Effect of External Post-Tensioning Strengthening Technique on Flexural Capacity of Simple Supported Composite Castellated Beam
Authors: Hashim Hayder A. , Al-Zuhairi Alaa H.
Published: November 2021

This research is carried out to study the effect of the external post-tensioning technique on the flexural capacity of simply supported composite castellated beam experimentally. In this research, seven composite castellated beams having the same dimensions and material properties were cast and tested up to failure by applied two concentrated loads at 700 mm from each end. Two external strands of 12.7 mm diameter were fixed at each side of the web of strengthening beams and located at depth 180 mm from top fiber of the section (dps) at each end of the beam. The strands have been tensioned by using a hydraulic jack with a constant stress of 100 MPa. This research aims to study the effect of the strengthening by different shapes of strand profiles of external post-tensioning techniques on the flexural capacity of the composite castellated beam. These beams were divided into three groups. Each group contained two composite castellated beams while 7th composite castellated beam kept without strengthening by external post-tensioning technique As control beam. The first group included two beams with straight strand profile of external Post-tensioning. The second group included two beams with a triangular strand profile of external post-tensioning. The third group included two beams with a trapezoidal strand profile of external post-tensioning. All composite castellated beams were simply supported, and all of them were fully shear connections between the concrete slab and steel girder. All beams included the 16 castellated openings and were stiffened by six stiffener plates welded on the web of castellated beams. Three stiffener plates are welded on each side of the web. Two of these stiffener plates welded at the middle of the beam, and four of them welded at locations under the loads. The experimental results of this research were increasing 5.43% in load capacity of an average of the straight profile of composite castellated beams, increasing 18.92% in load capacity of an average of triangular profile composite castellated beams, and increasing 20.71% in load capacity of the trapezoidal profile of composite castellated beams. All the above results were compared with control beams.
Assessment of Water Quality in Tigris River of AL-Kut City, Iraq by Using GIS
Authors: Khadim Hussein Jabar , Oleiwi Hasanain Owaid
Published: November 2021

The concerns about water contaminants affect most developing countries bypassing rivers over them. The issue is challenging to introduce water quality within the allowed limits for drinking, industrial and agricultural purposes. In the present study, physical-chemical parameters measurements of water samples taken from eleven stations were collected during six months in 2020 through flow path along the whole length of Tigris River inside AL Kut city (center of Wassit government) were investigated for six parameters are total hardness TH, hydrogen ion pH, biological oxygen demand BOD5, total dissolved solids TDS, nitrate NO3, and sulfate SO4. The water quality analysis results were compared with the maximum allowable limit concentration recommended by World Health Organization WHO and Iraqi limitation spastically; TH, BOD5, TDS, and SO4 had an average value of 421, 62, 813, and 376 mg/l, respectively. The spatial distribution of six water quality parameters within the studied area was carried out by implementing the Quantum Geography Information System QGIS technique established on the Inverse Distance Weighted IDW method to produce the interpolation predicted maps of stations along the river in Al Kut city. The results showed water quality degraded and an increase in the concentrations observed for all parameters along the river path, especially at the last two stations due to attributed to human activities, land use and industrialization, and outfall of sewerage flow to the river directly without treatment. Spatial distribution is essential to give a thorough understanding of the river's contamination reality. This makes it easier to understand, analyze and find the appropriate treatments and solutions to the problem of water quality.
Impact of Ozone Used-Alone and Coagulation Aid Treatment on The Reduction of Trihalomethanes Components
Authors: Yousif Heba A. , AL-Musawi Nawar O. A.
Published: November 2021

The whole research paper examines the impact of ozone as either a just use-alone and coagulation benefit, mainly upon the reduction of dissolved organic carbon from the water with a moderate rate of DOC 10.75 mg/land CaCO3 calcium hardness 300 mg/l. A raw water sample has been taken from the Tigris River (Baghdad, Iraq) was being adopted in research work. The performance of ozone therapy has been assessed by calculations of DOC, DOC quantities, UV254, as well as total trihalomethane (TTHM). Research findings have shown that with 0.9 mg O3/mg DOC ozone use-alone, approximately 60% UV254 reduction and approximately 28% DOC reduction will occur.DOC fractionation analysis indicates that within the water samples, ozone could alter the composition of DOC, transform the hydrophobic fractions toward hydrophilic fractions and reduce TTHM. Ozone was also responsible for a significant reduction in particle stability as well as the dissolved calcium content. Improved water flocculation and improved DOC removal were triggered by these simultaneous ozonation effects. This resulted in a decrease in the coagulant dosage while the dosage of ozone is considerably higher over 0.3 mg O3/mg DOC has added before ferric sulfate coagulation. The pre-ozonation coagulation method also accomplished favorable removal of TTHM with all tested ozone doses (0 to 0.9 mg O3/mg DOC), resulting in lower TTHM during pre-ozonated coagulated waters unlike those through related ozonated waters.
Characteristics of the catalogue according to the KNET network (Northern Tian Shan)
Authors: Sycheva Naylya , Sychev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Various characteristics of the catalogue obtained from the data of the KNET network, containing the parameters of more than 10,000 earthquakes that occurred from 1994 to 2020, are considered. A statistical analysis of the number of P- and S-waves registered by each station of the network is carried out. The activity of the stations during the localization of earthquakes has been determined. The most active station is AAK. The minimum number of P- and S-waves is recorded at the ULHL station. Statistical analysis of localization errors has been performed. The boundaries of the territory for which the minimum values of errors are observed are determined. The statistical characteristics of earthquakes in terms of magnitude, time, depth are presented. The distribution of the number of earthquakes by different energy classes in time and the spatial distribution of earthquakes by depths: 0-5 km, 5-10 km, 10-15 km and more than 15 km are constructed. The Gutenberg Richter law was used to describe the energy distribution function of earthquakes. A representative sample of the catalogue was determined, which includes events with M ≥ 1.8. The b-value for the directory is 0.88.
Monitoring of Physical Processes in Upper Atmosphere, Ionosphere and Magnetosphere in Ionosphere Space Missions
Authors: Petrukovich Anatoly , Моgilevskii Mikhail , Kozlov Igor , Pulinetz Sergey , Dobrolenskii Yurii , Аnufreichik Konstantin , Chugunin Dmitrii , Nazarov Vladimir , Аbbakumov Aleksandr , Кuznetsov Vladimir , Аndrievskii Stanislav , Mikhailov Yurii , Panasyuk Mikhail , Svertilov Sergey , Yashin Ivan , Bogomolov Vitaly , Iyudin Аnatoly , Кalegaev Vladimir , Оsedlo Vladislav , Petrov Vasilii , Shemukhin Аndrey , Repin Аleksey , Коtanaeva Nadezhda , Моiseev Pavel , Poljakov Sergey , Shlugaev Yurii , Аsmus Vasilii , Uspenskii Sergey , Маkridenko Leonid , Gorbunov Аleksandr , Коzhevnikov Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The Ionosphere missions are the part of Ionosond-2025 space project, which main scientific objectives are monitoring of physical processes in the Earth upper atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere, as well as of solar activity. Within the framework of the Ionozond-2025 project, it is planned to launch four spacecraft Ionosphere and one satellite Zond. The Zond satellite is planned to be launched in 2025. The main task of Zond mission is patrol of solar activity. The launch of the first pair of spacecraft is planned in early 2022, the second pair - late 2022 or early 2023. In case of successful implementation of the program of experiments on the Ionosphere satellites, control of the physical parameters of electromagnetic fields and corpuscular radiation in the near-Earth space will be provided, new information will be obtained on the geophysical processes occurring in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and upper atmosphere in their connection with solar activity.
Universal dynamo paradigm for solar activity, Higgs fields and disasters
Authors: Shevtsov Boris
Published: November 2021

There is still a problem of a correct and accurate description of the dynamo and its uses in various fields of physics. To solve this problem, a special and universal representation of dynamo is proposed. The magnetic induction equation of dynamo is presented in the form of a Lienard relaxation oscillator with cubic nonlinear restoring force corresponding to the Mexican hat or champagne bottle potential which is used to determine the Higgs fields which are considered here in its general sense. Universal dynamo paradigm in field theory which can be used to describe disasters is proposed. Using solar activity as an example, it is shown how a dynamo induces a magnetic analogue of the Higgs fields with a broken symmetry of the magnetic field. Various dynamo modes are considered and different dynamo numbers are estimated. The dynamo effect can be used in field theory as an alternative to spontaneous symmetry breaking. Opportunities for the promotion of the new dynamo paradigm are discussed.
Interval Training with Different Intensities in
Overweight/Obese Adolescent Females
Authors: Abassi Wissal , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Nikolaidis Pantelis T. , Hill Lee , Racil Ghazi , Knechtle Beat , Feki Moncef , Bouassida Anissa
Published: November 2021

To compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT)
versus moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) on hematological and
inflammatory markers in youth females, 38 overweight/obese females
(16.4±1.0 yrs.) were randomly assigned to HIIT
(2×6–8 repetitions of 30 s at 100–110%
maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between
repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), MIIT (2×6–8
repetitions of 30 s at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s
active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), and a
control group (CG, no intervention; n=12). Body composition, blood
pressure, maximal heart rate, hematological and inflammatory markers (C-reactive
protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) markers were assessed
in all groups before and following the training program. Results revealed a
significant (P<0.05) interaction effect for body composition, systolic
blood pressure (SBP), MAS, maximal heart rate, and CRP. Within-group analyses
for the HIIT and MIIT groups showed significant improvements in body mass
(P=0.009 and P=0.025, respectively), BMI Z-score
(P=0.011 and P=0.028, respectively), and MAS (P<0.001
and P=0.011, respectively). The HIIT program showed a significant
decrease in body fat (P=0.002), waist circumference (P=0.002),
maximal heart rate (P=0.003), SBP (P=0.001), and plasma CRP
(P=0.004). In both groups, no signiﬁcant changes were observed
in ESR and hematological markers after intervention. No variable changed in CG.
HIIT was the effective method to manage cardiometabolic health and inflammatory
disorders in obese youth.
Postpartum Hemorrhage in Patients with Type 1 von Willebrand Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pierce-Williams Rebecca A.M. , Makhamreh Mona M. , Blakey-Cheung Sophia , Gao Zimeng , Al-Kouatly Huda B.
Published: November 2021

Type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common subtype of VWD, comprising 75% of VWD patients. We provide a systematic review of type 1 VWD in pregnancy. Our objective was to evaluate the rate of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in patients with known type 1 VWD. The primary outcome was rate of PPH. Primary PPH was defined as a cumulative blood loss ≥1,000 mL, or blood loss accompanied by signs and symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 hours postpartum or requiring blood products. Secondary PPH was defined as significant bleeding 24 hours to 12 weeks postpartum. Relevant articles published in English pertaining to VWD and pregnancy were identified without any time or study limitations. Seven articles (n = 144 pregnancies) met inclusion criteria. The rate of primary PPH was 4/144 (2.8%). The secondary PPH rate was reported in four studies, and occurred in 7/48 pregnancies (14.6%), ranging from 2 to 19 days postpartum. In conclusion, according to this systematic review, the frequency of primary PPH in pregnancies with known type 1 VWD is 2.8%. This is similar to the overall PPH rates of 3% reported in the literature. Although the sample size was small, secondary PPH occurred in almost 15% of pregnancies, while in the overall obstetrical population this occurs in approximately 1% of cases. Patients with known type 1 VWD may not be at increased risk of primary PPH, though they appear to bear increased risk of secondary PPH.
Deutscher Pflegetag 2021: Pflexit verhindern, Selbstverwaltungsstrukturen aufbauen
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2021

Die neue Präsidentin des Deutschen Pflegerates, Christine Vogler, fand auf dem diesjährigen erstmals hybrid stattfindenden Deutschen Pflegetag, dem Branchentreff der Pflege in Berlin, deutliche Worte. Das Personal ist knapp, die Arbeitsbedingungen immer noch katastrophal. Sie fordert 4 000 Euro Einstiegsgehalt für Pflegekräfte und noch vieles mehr.