bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of mandibular third molars on crowding of mandibular teeth in patients with or without previous orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Palikaraki Georgia , Mitsea Anastasia , Sifakakis Iosif
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To assess the scientific evidence related to the role of the mandibular third molars on the late crowding of the lower anterior teeth in patients with or without previous orthodontic treatment. The secondary outcomes included changes in mandibular arch width and arch length.

Materials and Methods

The databases PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until April 2022. The included papers were studies evaluating the role of mandibular third molars on crowding of mandibular anterior teeth in patients of any age and gender, with mandibular third molars impacted or semi-impacted or erupted. Predetermined and prepiloted data collection forms were used to record the necessary information.

Results

Thirteen observational studies were included in the present systematic review. Most of them were assigned an overall risk of bias of moderate risk while the rest of them were at high risk. Four studies found an association between the presence of mandibular third molar and mandibular incisor crowding. Finally, seven studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Three different meta-analyses were conducted: for patients (a) with or (b) without previous orthodontic treatment and (c) in combination for patients with and without previous orthodontic treatment. According to the pooled results of all three meta-analyses, random effects model yielded a significant benefit for those without third molars compared to those with third molars regarding crowding, mean Little’s irregularity index and mean arch length.

Conclusions

Lower third molars may contribute to mandibular crowding and lower arch constriction. Further prospective research of high quality is needed to clarify the impact of third molars on anterior mandibular crowding.
Perioperative Analgesia Using an Indwelling Catheter to Deliver an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block: A Case Report
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Asano Kazuma , Murouchi Takeshi , Hirabayashi Kazuya
Published: October 2023

A 74-year-old male was diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the left mandible requiring marginal mandibulectomy under general anesthesia. However, the patient’s pulmonary function tests demonstrated findings consistent with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, classified as stage III. The consulting pulmonologist explained the increased risk of respiratory complications associated with general anesthesia and advised against its use. Therefore, we opted to perform the surgery under moderate sedation using 0.2% ropivacaine administered via bilateral ultrasound-guided inferior alveolar nerve blocks (UGIANBs) and an indwelling catheter with a pump for continuous perioperative local anesthesia and prolonged postoperative analgesia. This approach delivered excellent local anesthetic effects without any need for rescue medications or complications. Use of UGIANBs along with an indwelling catheter and pump may provide adequate local anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients with contraindications for general anesthesia.
Success of Pulpal Anesthesia Following Buccal Infiltration of the Maxillary First Molar With 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of 4% Articaine With 1:100,000 Epinephrine: A Prospective, Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Woo Alexandra , Nusstein John , Drum Melissa , Fowler Sara , Reader Al , Ni Ai
Published: October 2023

Objective:

The purpose of this prospective, randomized crossover study was to compare the peak incidence of success, onset, and incidence over time of pulpal anesthesia in maxillary first molars following a buccal infiltration of 1.8 mL or 3.6 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine.

Methods:

A total of 118 adults received 1.8 mL or 3.6 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine via buccal infiltration of the maxillary first molar at 2 separate appointments. Electric pulp testing (EPT) of the maxillary first molar was performed over 68 minutes.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the peak incidence of anesthetic success (85% and 92%, respectively) in the maxillary first molar between 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL. The difference in onset times (4.5 min for 1.8 mL vs 4.4 min for 3.6 mL) was not statistically significant. However, the 3.6-mL volume did produce a significantly higher incidence of pulpal anesthesia from minutes 48 to 68 compared with the 1.8-mL volume.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in peak incidence or onset of pulpal anesthesia in the maxillary first molar between 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of articaine with epinephrine. The incidence of pulpal anesthesia was significantly higher with 3.6 mL of articaine at 48 minutes and beyond, but neither volume provided complete pulpal anesthesia for all subjects that lasted at least 60 minutes.
A Scrutiny of Scientific Realism: The No-Miracles Argument and the Pessimistic Meta-Induction
Authors: Samitharathana Rev Wadigala
Published: October 2023

The historical debate of scientific realism portrays a monumental sign of science-a way of critiquing philosophy. At first sight, this centrepiece of scientific realism could line up against the no-miracles argument and the pessimistic meta-induction because, by means of the no-miracles assumption, fundamental theories in science would be the fine manifestation of reality as well as are most likely to be the truth. Nonetheless, a means to an end of the pessimistic meta-induction arguably states the anti-realistic position-since scientific speculations are not always plausible to be the ultimate truth vis-à-vis mature hypotheses of science in history. By and large, I have herein put forward a systemic meaning for realism: an inspection of unseen objects in the world, which are broken free from the human mind. However, I will demonstrate the no-miracles argument in the vicinity of realism, whilst the pessimistic meta-induction lies towards anti-realism. In the bargain, I will examine structural realism in response to this scientific dichotomy. Briefly, this research article is, apparently, bound-up with a very limited account of relevancies; ergo, it would be recommended to further research on this controversy.
A Rhetorical Analysis of Ustadz Felix Siaw's Da'wa on Youtube
Authors: Hamdani Syaifullah , Japeri Japeri , Yazan Sheiful , Fauzi Muhammad
Published: October 2023

There are many aspects that make a da'i popular among mad'u, one of which is rhetoric. Rhetoric is a style of conveying messages conveyed by da'i to mad'u. By conveying a good message, it will raise the dignity and degree of the da'i. This study aims to determine Ustadz Felix Siauw's rhetorical style including language style, voice style, and gesture style. The method used in this study uses a qualitative research method with a content analysis approach. The data collection technique is observing or watching videos that have been uploaded on the "Felix Siauw" YouTube channel. Then analyze the words that contain the application of language style, sound, and gestures. While the data source is the YouTube channel "Felix Siauw" itself and supporting knowledge such as books, journals, the internet or other references that discuss rhetorical style. From this study, the results showed that Ustadz Felix Siauw applied the rhetorical style very well in his lectures. First, the style of language used is more inclined to use words that are gentle, polite, do not provoke provocation, and create a peaceful atmosphere. On the other hand, the language used is firm and straightforward. Second, the rhythmic style of voice, found a flat tone when explaining history with moderate vocals so that it touches the listeners. Third, apart from the style of language and style of voice, Felix also uses the style of gestures such as the style of the body and eye gaze, the style of dress that is polite and neat, the style of facial expressions and hand movements. The results obtained from the research can be a reference for preachers to preach in spreading Islamic teachings.
Hybrid Learning: Analysis of Transformation of Islamic Education in Digital Era
Authors: Hadiati Eti , Dwiyanto Agus , Setianingrum Diah Ayu , Amroini Ari Zulfa
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research is to present perspectives on education management in hybrid learning during the COVID-19 pandemic transition. The research method used is a literature study method that is collected from a collection of reference data from experts as well as from a total of 47 national journals and five nouveau international journals published in the last 5 years. This method is carried out by carefully reading various data sources that will later be relevant to the topic studied by the author, which is then conveyed in the form of a description with several additional elements. The COVID-19 pandemic has made the education management process undergo various changes and adjustments in many elements, including adjustments to education management from pandemic status to a new normal transition. During this time, teaching is carried out using hybrid and blended learning approaches, which have proven to be beneficial and effective in mitigating the possibility of learning loss as a result of the pandemic's effects. The impact of literature research on education during the COVID-19 pandemic with the implementation of hybrid and blended learning provides valuable insights for the general public, future researchers, and all parties looking for a practical and adaptable educational approach in difficult times. Although this style of learning is the answer and solution in the world of education during the pandemic transition, there are several challenges in the implementation stage.
Integration of Fethullah Gulen's Thought for The Development of Multicultural Islamic Education in Indonesia
Authors: Purnomo Sutrimo , Kusumawanti Windhariyati Dyah , Chedo Zainab , Islamoglu Merve
Published: October 2023

Constructing the awareness of coexisting peacefully regardless of differences in religion, ethnicity or language is an absolute thing that must be instilled in Indonesia from an early age in the younger generation as a multicultural country. If there is no such efforts to construct that awareness, acts of intolerance will continue to develop and have even penetrated the younger generation of students. For this reason, awareness of the importance of multiculturalism needs to be instilled, including through multicultural Islamic education. This article aims to discuss Fethullah Gulen's thoughts on Islamic education and how it is integrated into multicultural Islamic education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The main data sources are taken from Islamic education theories and two main books (Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance and Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives) and are supported by 20 related journal articles. All data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman technique. The findings show that there are nine themes of integration for the development of multicultural Islamic education. The nine themes are grouped into three elements, namely: Love (love for God, compassion for human beings (humanism), forgiveness, love for science, and love for nature); Tolerance and Dialogue (respect for differences in thoughts and religions, love as the basis for tolerance, and dialogue as a means of building tolerance). These findings can be used as a reference on how multicultural education should be implemented in Indonesia as well as a multicultural education platform in an Islamic country.
Methods of Badiuzzaman Sa’id Nursi to Understand Hadith in Kitab Rasail Al-Nur
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Safri Edi , Hakim Luqmanul , Erizal Arif Hendra , Dalil Fitriyeni , Taufiq Abdul Rahman , Numan Muhammad , Faiz Muhammad , Saputra Edriagus , Masruri Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The objective of the study is to analyze the method of Badiuzzaman Sa’id Nursi to understand Hadiths in Kitab Rasail Al-Nur. The hadiths are mostly related to aqidah, charity motivation, and confusion (syubhat) between the materialist group and ahl kitab in understanding the hadith. The hermeneutic approach of the qualitative method is employed in this study in which both the objective aspect (hadiths in the kitab of Rasail Al Nur) and the subjective aspect (the thought background of Said Nursi) are analyzed. The data of the study is the hadiths in the Kitab  Rasail Al-Nur of Chapter One al-Kalimat, chapter two al-Maktubat, chapter three al-Lama’at, and chapter four Al-Syuat. Then the data is thematically analyzed by using the NVivo 12 and it is revealed that there are twelve methods of Said Nursi to understand hadiths in the book of Rasail Al-Nur, namely: i) Al-Din al-Imtihan (Religion is an exam); ii) Thabaqah Masail al-Islamiyah (Various issues in Islam have different levels and positions); iii) Ma’lumat Ulama Ahl al-Kitab (Information for ahl kitab Christians and Jews); iv) Al-Idraj (Insertion or Merging); v) Al-Ilham (Inspiration); vi) Al-Amtsal (analogy); vii) Al-Tasybihat al-Balaghiyah (rhetorical parables); viii) Hikmah al-Ikhfa’ (wisdom of hiding); ix) Wijhah al-Masail al-Imaniyah (some perspectives on some faith issues); x) Balaghah al-Irsyad (rhetoric art of giving guidance); xi) Al-Mutasyabihat (the resemblance); xii) Ikhtilaf Zawiyah al-Nazhar (different perspectives). The finding could be initial data for further analysis to study different issues in similar contexts.
Asynchronous Learning Method: Prospects and Challenges Among Undergraduate Students at Higher Islamic Institution in Indonesia
Authors: Kamaludin Faisal Sundani , Ulum Bahrul , Faizuddin Ahmad , Azizan Noor Azlinna
Published: October 2023

Distance education technologies have become viable alternatives to traditional education. While asynchronous learning allows students complete freedom of time and location, the synchronous model provides an online learning platform where instructors and students meet in the same or different locations in a virtual environment. This research aims to explore the experiences of eight undergraduate students of the Islamic Education Department at the Al Azhar University of Indonesia in the online Asynchronous Learning Method (ALM). Specifically, it investigates students’ understandings of ALM, explores their perceptions of its advantages and disadvantages, looks into their strategies in coping with challenges and obstacles they face, and their aspirations for ALM. In doing so, a qualitative case study was used to collect the data through open-ended interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) which provide personal and specific pictures of asynchronous learning. The findings revealed that apart from giving students flexibility and independence of learning, ALM has not been utilized optimally at the university level. ALM is mostly used to transfer information without the element of teaching and instructions. Hence, there is room for improvement from the current e-learning practices in which this study provides some recommendations for future online pedagogy.
Research note: Empirical analysis of ethnic pay gaps in New Zealand
Authors: Cochrane Bill , Pacheco Gail
Published: October 2023

This research note explores the factors contributing to ethnic pay gaps in New Zealand. The emphasis here is on description, as a causal analysis is beyond the capability of the methods used. The gaps between the average (as well as median) hourly wages for the European workforce relative to Māori and Pacific workers are substantial. A statistical analysis by Treasury in 2018 also showed that the ratio in average hourly wages (based on published survey estimates by Stats NZ) for both ethnic groups relative to European had stayed at a similar level for the last decade; as they state “there has been movement from year to year but no consistent upward or downward trend” (Treasury, 2018, p.1).
Temporary migrant worker exploitation in New Zealand: A qualitative study of migrants’ and stakeholders’ views
Authors: Stringer Christina , Collins Francis L. , Michailova Snejina
Published: October 2023

Over the last two decades, New Zealand has increasingly relied on temporary migrant workers (TMWs) to address labour shortages. This reliance has occurred as part of changes to the immigration system, including working visa conditions and growing diversity in the nationalities and occupations of TMWs entering New Zealand. Correspondingly, there has been a continuous increase in reports of TMWs’ labour exploitation. Based on 131 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2019, we outline multiple factors that enable TMWs’ exploitation. We analyse both TMWs’ and stakeholders’ views, and within the latter group, we look at both the demand and supply sides. We discuss related matters, including policy initiatives addressing the issue.
Deciphering Financial Health and Risk: Hierarchical Relationships and Interdependencies among Key Factors
Authors: Jain Mayank , Malik Taniya , Malik Sakshi
Published: October 2023

This study examines the hierarchical relationships and inter dependencies of financial factors impacting companies’ health, using Total Interpretive Structural Modelling and Matrice d’Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée à un Classement analyses. It identifies key financial factors and their influences. Findings reveal credit risk as a pivotal factor with substantial impact on other parameters. Solvency, capital adequacy, and Tier 1 capital ratios are also key determinants of financial health. The study further categorizes factors into independent, linkage, autonomous, and dependent categories. This research offers valuable insights for managers, policymakers, and investors aiding decision-making.
Evaluación del riesgo por sequía hidrológica en áreas urbanas de México: Guadalajara y Monterrey
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos, México, Castellano-Bahena Heidy Viviana , Ortega-Gaucin David ,   Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos, México
Published: October 2023

A pesar de su importancia, existe relativamente poca investigación centrada en el riesgo por sequía en las ciudades. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo proponer una metodología para la evaluación del riesgo por sequía hidrológica en áreas urbanas de México y sus respectivos Organismos Operadores de Agua Potable, Alcantarillado y Saneamiento (OOAPAS). Esta metodología se aplicó en dos de las zonas urbanas más importantes del país: el área hidropolitana de Monterrey (AHM), y el área metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG). El periodo de estudio fue de 2008-2018. Para la evaluación del riesgo se adoptó el enfoque contextual, que define este concepto en función de la amenaza, exposición y vulnerabilidad del sistema analizado. Para el cálculo de la amenaza se utilizó el Índice de Sequía de los Caudales Fluviales (SDI-12), y para la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad y la exposición se utilizaron indicadores socioeconómicos, ambientales y de gestión institucional. Los resultados indican que las áreas de estudio son muy sensibles a las sequías hidrológicas, es decir, al déficit de escurrimientos superficiales que ingresan a sus fuentes de abastecimiento de agua. La tendencia del índice de vulnerabilidad en estas áreas va a la baja. Con respecto al índice de exposición y riesgo por sequía, la tendencia es ir en aumento en ambas áreas. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la metodología propuesta es factible y útil en la evaluación del riesgo por sequía en las áreas de estudio, y puede ser aplicada en otras zonas urbanas del país.
Level of Knowledge of Hypertension Patients and Compliance with Treatment at Sirnajaya Health Center
Authors: Ramadhani Alya , Nasution Lailan Safina
Published: October 2023

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension is the most common and important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which can lead to complications or even death. Uncontrolled hypertension can be caused by noncompliance with hypertension medication instructions. One factor contributing to the disobedience of hypertension medication instructions is the level of knowledge on hypertension. Purposes: This study analyzed the correlation between patients’ hypertension knowledge and hypertension medication compliance in Sirnajaya Health Center, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 62 hypertension patients in Sirnajaya Health Center in December 2022. They were asked to answer the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS) questionnaire and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) to assess their hypertension knowledge and compliance with the hypertension medication. The chi-squared test was used to determine the correlations between the variables. Results: There were 36 respondents (58.1%) with low knowledge and 39 respondents (62.9%) with low medication compliance. Analysis through the chi-squared test reveals a correlation between knowledge level and medication compliance (p <0.001). Conclusion: There was a correlation between hypertension knowledge and compliance in consuming hypertension medication among the hypertension patients of Sirnajaya Health Center, Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia.
Self-Perceived Comfort in Performing Basic Life Support Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jamjoom Maan , Altirkistani Bsaim , Sayes Mohammed , Alalawi Hassan , Alibrahim Abdulrahman
Published: October 2023

Background: High quality and immediate initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can contribute to improve the survival rates and outcomes of cardiac arrests. As for medical students, it is of great importance that they are fully qualified to appropriately apply Basic Life Support (BLS). This study aimed to assess the level of theoretical knowledge and self-perceived comfort of medical students in Saudi Arabia in performing lifesaving CPR.

Methodology: cross-sectional study which included medical students from 3rd to 6th academic years from the five main regions of Saudi Arabia. The selection of participants was through the non-probability convenience sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire that consisted of sections of BLS knowledge and self-perceived confidence/comfort.

Results: A total of 1372 participants were included in the study, of which 745 (54.3%) were female. The majority were not BLS license holders n=771 (56.2%). Male students reported a higher self-perceived comfort 2.99(CI 2.89 to 3.10). The relationship between the self-perceived comfort score and gender was statistically significant (P=0.004). The northern region had the highest self-perceived comfort mean 3.14(CI 2.98 to 3.30) with a significant p-value (P
INTERLINGUAL TRANSLATION: AN ATTEMPT AT UNDERSTANDING SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
Authors: Van Van Hoang
Published: October 2023

This paper attempts to look at some small fragments of interlingual translation studies. The article begins by exploring Roman Jakobson’s tripartite division of translation of which interlingual translation is a component part. Then it presents in some detail the interlingual translation process. This is followed by two main sections where the core concept in interlingual translation theory and practice – “translation equivalence” (TE), some other concepts related to it, and three main approaches to TE are examined. It is clear from the paper that interlingual translation is a very complex social semiotic process, and that the concept of TE is employed in so many different senses that recently it has been denied by some scholars any value, or even any legitimate status in translation theory and translation practice. However, based on what is going on in the field of interlingual translation studies, it is suggested that the complexity of the interlingual translation process and the diversity of opinions on the concept of TE do not mean that scholars have complicated the problems. Rather, they have really contributed to the advancement of knowledge in the field, not with the intention of a final verdict, but as food for thought and invaluable reference materials for further research, making interlingual translation theory and practice an ever-moving academic discipline.
Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dry Noodles with a Mixture of Wheat Flour and Kidney Bean Flour With the Addition of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Extract
Authors: Yenrina Rina , Ismed Ismed , Hildayani Wina , Rahma Jihan
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of dried noodles mixed with wheat flour and red bean flour with the addition of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria Ternatea L.) extract. The design used in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Data analysis using ANOVA and further test with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at 5% level. The treatments used in this study were treatment A (20 ml water: 0 ml butterfly pea extract), B (15 ml water: 5 ml butterfly pea extract), C (10 ml water: 10 ml butterfly pea extract), D (water 5 ml: 15 ml butterfly pea extract), and E (0 ml of water: 20 ml of butterfly pea extract). The results of this study significantly affected the 5% level on the water content test, ash content, fat test, protein test, carbohydrates, antioxidant activity, and physical analysis of color. Based on the physical and chemical analysis of dried noodle products, the best treatment was in treatment C (addition of 10g telang flower extract) with a color test value of 232.98°Hue, an elasticity test of 26.50%, a moisture content of 6,36%, a ash 1.49%, fat content 2.14%, protein content 19.36%, carbohydrate content 70.63%, and antioxidant activity 33.32%.
The Effect of Difference In Press Time on Physical Properties and Mechanical Particle Board Without Adhesive From Coconut Fiber and Gambier Processed Pulp
Authors: Sahadi Sahadi , Neswati Neswati , Perkasa Ananda Agung
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the length of time when pressing for the manufacture of particle board without adhesive from a mixture of coconut coir fiber and processed gambir leaf dregs on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting non-adhesive particle board. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Data were analyzed using variance, followed by Duncan`s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The comparison ratio used in the manufacture of particle board without adhesive from coconut coir fiber and processed gambir waste is 60% : 40%. The treatments in this study were A (8 minutes of pressing time), B (10 minutes of pressing time), C (12 minutes of pressing time), D (14 minutes of pressing time), E (16 minutes of pressing time). carried out is a test of physical properties and mechanical properties. The results showed that the length of time of compression affected the physical and mechanical properties of the non-adhesive particleboard. The best treatment was treatment A (pressing time 8 minutes). Observation of physical properties obtained density 0.68 g/cm3, moisture content 13.42%, water absorption 132.87%, thickness swelling 66.84%, mechanical properties fracture toughness (MOR) 90.40 kg/cm2, toughness compressive parallel to the surface of 50.07 kg/cm2, and internal bond (IB) 1.45 kg/cm2.
Role of epigenetics and the high-throughput sensing techniques to detect stress adaptation mechanisms in crop plants: A mini review
Authors: Das Pronomita , Adhikari Dipan
Published: October 2023

Deciphering the epigenetic code, which will pave the road to understanding the link between genotypic and phenotypic variety, is one of the most fascinating topics of modern genetics. This may significantly contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying plants\' epigenomic responses to environmental stressors in the context of climate change. As a result of epigenetic regulatory processes such DNA methylation, histone structural modification, and RNA-based regulatory mechanisms, it is hypothesised that chromatin will alter. The interactions of regulatory proteins, including various types of transcription factors, with DNA and chromatin would result in a variety of structural alterations that would impact how genes are expressed. High throughput sequencing techniques have recently been developed to better understand epigenomic alterations in the genome. The use of pharmacological and genetic methods to modify these networks should be made simpler by these strategies. The cytosine methylation of a cell\'s genomic regions or active cistrons, in particular, is an epigenetic change that these approaches are successful at identifying and studying. To speed up breeding programs for crop improvement, numerous investigations on the interactions between genotype, phenotype, and epigenotype utilising epiGWAS are being carried out. This review will briefly explore the role of epigenetic approaches and high throughput sensing techniques in order to better understand plant stress responses. The value of epigenomic methods and strategies in the nascent \"omic\" sciences is being emphasized
Floral biology insights into essential oil yield and chemical composition in davana (Artemisia pallens Bess), a high-value aromatic plant of India
Authors: Kumara R Ravi , Keerthi P E , Yogendra N D
Published: October 2023

Floral organs are identified as the major source of essential oil production in some prime aromatic plants. The quality and quantity of the essential oil are also influenced by the floral developmental stages. The present study was undertaken in A. pallens Bess (davana) with respect to its floral biology and floral sequence in relation to the essential oil yield and its chemical constituents for industrial extraction. The findings revealed that floral (inflorescence) biomass  is the primary source of essential oil yield in davana, with the highest oil yield (0.90 ml/100 g) recovered during the blooming stage,  followed by herbage (stems and leaves) biomass. Furthermore, cis-davanone, the major chemical constituent of davana essential oil, was recorded at a higher percentage in the bud stage (66.36±0.60%) followed by the blooming stage (60.56±0.20%) and the seed setting stage (40.54±0.80%). These findings can be used to optimize harvest timing in order to obtain higher quality and quantity of davana essential oil.
The Effect of Preheating of Orthodontic Resin on The Shear Bond Strength of Convensional Orthodontic Bracket to Enamel Surface
Authors: Jasim Mohamed Taib Omar , Fawzi Chawshli Omar
Published: October 2023

Adequate bond strength between enamel and orthodontic bracket is crucial, several factors affect the bond strength including the adhesive temperature prior to bonding. The objective of the study was to investigate if there is any relationship between adhesive temperature prior to bonding and the Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of orthodontic bracket to the enamel surface. Method: In this in-vitro study, A total of 64 freshly extracted premolar teeth were used which were divided into four groups each one had different adhesive temperature prior to bonding (room temperature ,30°C, 50°C, and 70°C), and each group went through SBS test under Universal Instron machine and ARI score test using Stereomicroscope. R esults: All pre-heated groups had a higher mean value t han the room temperature group, while the mean value of SBS were highest in 70°C group but at 50°C there was a dr op down in the SBS values which had a mean less than 30°C and 70°C groups. ARI scores showed not statistically sign ificant different between the groups. Conclusion: Pre-heat ing orthodontic adhesive right before bonding to 70°C ca n significantly increase bracket SBS to enamel. While, preh eating to 30°C could have a greater SBS than pre-heating to 50° C.
Improved Nonlinear Statistical Photocalibration of Photodetectors Without Calibrated Light Sources
Authors: Cain Stephen C.
Published: October 2023

The calibration of charge coupled device arrays is commonly conducted using dark frames. Nonabsolute calibration techniques only measure the relative response of the detectors. A recent attempt at creating a procedure for calibrating a photodetector using the underlying Poisson nature of the photodetection statistics that relied on a nonlinear model was shown to be successful but was highly susceptible to the readout noise present in the measurement. This effort produced the nonlinear statistical nonuniformity calibration (NLSNUC) algorithm, which demonstrated an ability to better model the output of photodetector array elements than similar techniques that relied on a linear model. In this paper, a modified three-point NLSNUC photocalibration procedure is defined that requires only first and second moments of the measurements and allows the response to be modeled using a nonlinear function over the dynamic range of the detector. The modified NLSNUC technique is applied to image data containing a light source with a known output power. Estimates of the number of photoelectrons measured by the detector are shown to be superior to those obtained by the original NLSNUC algorithm as well as other statistical calibration techniques that do not utilize a calibrated light source.
Meshless Geometric Multigrid Method for Complex Geometries with Improved Cell Coarsening Algorithm
Authors: Rhee Jae Sang , Oh Jun Seok , Huh Jin Young , Kim Kyu Hong
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we present an improved multicloud methodology to extend the multicloud convergence accelerator, which depends on meshless discretization on coarse level computation of the geometric multigrid method, to cell finite volume (CFV) on three-dimensional space. To achieve this, we first identify the primary challenge in the meshless coarsening application to CFV. Specifically, the challenge lies in the poorly coarsened grid, which results in a degradation of the convergence rate. The reason for this is that the coarsening stencils were coupled with the discretization stencil. To address the issue, we proposed a new coarsening strategy on CFV that adequately utilizes node information on the fine-level mesh. The proposed methodology shows superior coarsening rates compared to the basic meshless cell coarsening, regardless of the dimension and type of mesh elements, resulting in significant speedup in convergence. Various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with three-dimensional complex geometries are presented, and their results demonstrate approximately seven times faster convergence compared to the single-grid method. The overall results verify that the multicloud method with the proposed coarsening procedure provides a powerful tool for practical CFD simulations by reducing the computation time, and it enables researchers and engineers to simulate and optimize real-world systems more efficiently.
Sparse Pressure-Based Machine Learning Approach for Aerodynamic Loads Estimation During Gust Encounters
Authors: Chen Dashuai , Kaiser Frieder , Hu JiaCheng , Rival David E. , Fukami Kai , Taira Kunihiko
Published: October 2023

Estimation of aerodynamic loads is a significant challenge in complex gusty environments due to the associated complexities of flow separation and strong nonlinearities. In this study, we explore the practical feasibility of multilayer perceptron (MLP) for estimating aerodynamic loads in gusts, when confounded by noisy and spatially distributed sparse surface pressure measurements. As a demonstration, a nonslender delta wing experiencing various gusts with different initial and final conditions is considered. Time-resolved lift and drag, and spatially distributed sparse surface pressure measurements are collected in a towing-tank facility. The nonlinear MLP model is used to estimate gust scenarios that are unseen in training progress. A filtering process allows us to examine the fluctuation of the dynamic response from the pressure measurements on the MLP. Estimation results show that the MLP model is able to capture the relationship between surface pressure and aerodynamic loads with a minimum quantity of learning samples, delivering accurate estimations, despite the slightly large errors for the cases at the boundary of the datasets. The results also indicate that the dynamic response of the pressure measurements has an influence on the learning of MLP. We further utilize gradient maps to perform a sensitivity analysis, so as to evaluate the contribution of the pressure data to the estimation of gust loads. This study reveals the significant contribution of the sensors located near the leading edge and at the nose of the delta wing. Our findings suggest the potential for an efficient sensor deployment strategy in data-driven aerodynamic load estimation.
Case report of leprosy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Kubanov Alexey A. , Rakhmatulina Margarita R. , Levicheva Yuliya Y. , Kondrakhina Irina N. , Kuznetsov Oleg E. , Smolyannikova Vera A. , Grekova Ekaterina V. , Karamova Arfenya E.
Published: October 2023

A clinical case of leprosy diagnosis in a citizen of the Republic of Chad (lepra-endemic region), а 24 year old male, student is presented. In 2019 the patient received permission to stay in the Russian Federation for educational purposes, entered one of the federal universities, and studied in Moscow, living in a hostel. During these years, he applied to various clinics, complaining of skin rashes and other symptoms characteristic of leprosy, without the effect of the prescribed treatment. In 2023, after contacting the clinic of skin diseases of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), was first sent to the The Federal State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of the Ministry of Health of Russia with suspicion of leprosy. The results of clinical and laboratory studies including bacterioscopic examination of skin scarifications and pathohistological study of the skin confirmed the diagnosis: A30.5 Leprosy, multibacterial form, lepromatous type, active stage. This case presentation testifies to the lack of alertness regarding leprosy, especially among doctors conducting medical examinations of foreign citizens in order to obtain permission to stay in the Russian Federation, which may cause the spread of dangerous infectious diseases on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Unravelling the Secrets of Pine Roots: A Tale of Nutrition and Adaptation
Authors: Cañas Rafael , Ortigosa Francisco
Published: October 2023

A new nucleic acid sequencing technology can determine changes in the way RNA is modified, a process known as epitranscriptomics. When observed in maritime pine roots exposed to ammonium nutrition, these changes appeared to be related to the regulation of protein synthesis in the roots.
Solubility Enhancement of Itraconazole by Centrifugal Melt Spinning Technique
Authors: PJ Rodge , SV Shirolkar
Published: October 2023

Itraconazole is an antifungal drug with poor water solubility and limited bioavailability, presenting difficulties in achieving effective therapeutic applications. This study aimed to employ centrifugal melt spinning, an innovative method, to improve the solubility of itraconazole. In this process, itraconazole was subjected to centrifugal forces while melting, forming amorphous solid dispersions. Microfibers loaded with 10% w/w itraconazole were prepared through centrifugal melt spinning, employing sucrose as a carrier. ITZ-sucrose microfibers with uniform morphology and an average diameter of 14.27 ± 2.90 μm were successfully fabricated, as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy results. XRD and DSC measurements confirmed the amorphous nature of the spun microfibers. The solubility of Itraconazole sucrose microfibers was significantly enhanced by 17-fold compared to plain itraconazole. The dissolution experiments demonstrated that sucrose microfibers loaded with ITZ achieved a significant release of 94.96 ± 1.47% within 10 minutes, representing a substantial enhancement compared to plain drugs. The study indicated that utilizing the centrifugal melt spinning technique successfully generated amorphous solid dispersions of itraconazole, leading to a considerable improvement in the drug’s solubility.
UV Spectrophotometric Analysis of Apigenin in Topical Fungal Formulation containing Extract of Leonotis nepetaefolia (L) R. Br.
Authors: Dwivedi Sumeet , Shidhaye Supriya , Dwivedi Abhishek , Prachad Sumit , Mishra Ishika , Gangwal Amit , Kumar Abhishek
Published: October 2023

Fungal infections continue to endanger human health, and the problem is only becoming worse. Combination therapy may be an optional strategy for the treatment of invasive fungal illnesses, and the potential antifungal mechanisms provide new insights into the development of innovative antifungal medications. Numerous investigations have shown that combining plant extract showed significant antifungal activity. In the present work, a topical fungal formulation containing hydroalcoholic extract of Leonotis nepetaefolia (L) R.Br. (TFF) in form of a cream was estimated for apigenin. A technique has been created and validated using UV spectrophotometric analysis in order to evaluate the aforementioned drugs simultaneously in the formulation
The holoparasitic Orobanchaceae of Tlemcen region (north-western Algeria): diversity, distribution and host range
Authors: Aissaoui Mansour , Babali Brahim , Sari Ali Amel
Published: October 2023

The knowledge of the holoparasitic Orobanchaceae of Tlemcen region is updated through surveys based on eleven years of fieldwork, analysis and revision of bibliographic information and consultation of the main Herbaria related to the studied area. The detailed distribution in geographical units of the 20 taxa, belonging to the four genera: Boulardia, Cistanche, Orobanche and Phelipanche have been provided, together with habitat description and host plants. We also highlight the presence of taxa with marked chorological interest, rarely cited on the territory, such as O. alba, O. gracilis, O. hederae, P. portoilicitana and P. reuteriana. Note that the species: Cistanche violacea, Orobanche calendulae, Orobanche caryophyllacea, Orobanche reticulata, and Phelipanche cernuahave not been found in the Tlemcen area so far, so we will consider them as conflicting species to be searched.
The chemical landscape of leaf surfaces and its interaction with the atmosphere
Authors: Ossola Rachele , Farmer Delphine
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric chemists have historically treated plant leaves as inert surfaces that merely emit volatile hydrocarbons through their stomata. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that leaves are ubiquitous substrates for multiphase reactions of atmospheric relevance – implying the presence of chemicals on their surfaces. This Review provides an evidence-based overview of the chemistry and reactivity of the leaf surface’s “chemical landscape”, the dynamic ensemble of molecules and particles that cover plant leaves. We classified chemicals as endogenous (originating from the leaf and its biome) or exogenous (delivered from the environment), highlighting the biological, geographical, and meteorological factors driving their relative contributions. Based on available data, we predicted ≫ 2 µg cm-2 of organics on a typical leaf, leading to a global estimate of ≫ 3 Tg available for multiphase reactions. Our work also highlighted three major knowledge gaps: (i) the key (but still overlooked) role of ambient water in enabling the leaching of endogenous substances and mediating aqueous chemistry; (ii) the role of phyllosphere biofilms in shaping leaf surface chemistry and reactivity; (iii) the paucity of studies on the multiphase reactivity of main atmospheric oxidants with leaf-adsorbed chemicals. Although biased towards available data, we hope this Review will spark a renewed interest on the leaf surface’s chemical landscape and motivate the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborations to move the field forward.
Machine-Learnt Interatomic Potentials for Amorphous Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Castel Nicolas , André Dune , Edwards Connor , Evans Jack D. , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: October 2023

The detailed understanding of the microscopic structure of amorphous phases of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a widely open question: characterization of these systems is very difficult, both from the experimental and computational point of view. In molecular simulations, approaches have been proposed that rely either on reactive force field, that lack chemical accuracy, or first-principles calculations, that are too computationally expensive. Here, we have found an innovative solution to these problems by training a machine-learnt potential for the description of disordered phases of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). We then used it to produce high-quality atomistic models of ZIF glasses, with accuracy close to density functional theory (DFT) but at far lower computational cost.
Design rules, accurate enthalpy prediction, and synthesis of stoichiometric Eu3+ quantum memory candidates
Authors: Riedel Zachary W. , Shoemaker Daniel P.
Published: October 2023

Stoichiometric Eu3+ compounds have recently shown promise for building dense, optically addressable quantum memory as the cations’ long nuclear spin coherence times and shielded 4f electron optical transitions provide reliable memory platforms. Implementing such a system, though, requires ultra-narrow inhomogeneous linewidth compounds. Finding this rare linewidth behavior within a wide range of potential chemical spaces remains difficult, and while exploratory synthesis is often guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, lanthanides’ 4f electrons pose unique challenges for stability predictions. Here, we report DFT procedures that reliably reproduce known phase diagrams and that correctly predict two experimentally realized quantum memory candidates. We are the first to synthesize the double perovskite halide Cs2NaEuF6. It is an air-stable compound with a calculated band gap of 6.9 eV that surrounds Eu3+ with mononuclidic elements, which are desirable for avoiding inhomogeneous linewidth broadening. We also analyze computational database entries to identify phosphates and iodates as the next generation of chemical spaces for stoichiometric quantum memory system studies. This work identifies new candidate platforms for exploring chemical effects on quantum memory candidates’ inhomogeneous linewidth while also providing a framework for screening Eu3+ compound stability with DFT.