bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquinas's ‘Integral Parts of Prudence’ as a Resource for Human Formation
Authors: Love John D.
Published: October 2019

Aquinas's articulation of the eight ‘integral parts’ of prudence can serve as a manageable, practical focus for ongoing human development. Although Aquinas holds that there is an infused Prudence, this does not render acquired prudence redundant, because (1) God moves things in ways that befit their natures, and it is our nature to have dominion over our actions; (2) human beings have free will, characteristically exercised in electio, choice of means; (3) grace perfects nature; (4) some scholars have defended the complementarity of the acquired and infused virtues, and there is widespread agreement that the psychological structures needed by acquired virtue persist in the life of graced virtue.

The ‘integral parts’ of a Cardinal Virtue must concur for its perfect acts. Aquinas examines them in detail, and offers methods of building ‘memory’ through human effort; he leaves to our diligence the discernment of how to build other parts of prudence. He explains how the parts are deployed in the acts of deliberation, judgment and command.

Aquinas's consideration of the vices opposed to prudence and its parts enables him to warn us about what impedes prudence, and to help us distinguish false from legitimate concerns for bodily goods, superfluous from proportionate solicitude, etc.
Decelerated carbon cycling by ectomycorrhizal fungi is controlled by substrate quality and community composition
Authors: Fernandez Christopher W. , See Craig R. , Kennedy Peter G.
Published: October 2019

Interactions between symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (EM) and free‐living saprotrophs can result in significant deceleration of leaf litter decomposition. While this phenomenon is widely cited, its generality remains unclear, as both the direction and magnitude of EM fungal effects on leaf litter decomposition have been shown to vary among studies.

Here we explicitly examine how contrasting leaf litter types and EM fungal communities may lead to differential effects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Specifically, we measured the response of soil nutrient cycling, litter decay rates, litter chemistry and fungal community structure to the reduction of EM fungi (via trenching) with a reciprocal litter transplant experiment in adjacent Pinus‐ or Quercus‐dominated sites.

We found clear evidence of EM fungal suppression of C and N cycling in the Pinus‐dominated site, but no suppression in the Quercus‐dominated site. Additionally, in the Pinus‐dominated site, only the Pinus litter decay rates were decelerated by EM fungi and were associated with decoupling of litter C and N cycling.

Our results support the hypothesis that EM fungi can decelerate C cycling via N competition, but strongly suggest that the ‘Gadgil effect’ is dependent on both substrate quality and EM fungal community composition. We argue that understanding tree host traits as well as EM fungal functional diversity is critical to a more mechanistic understanding of how EM fungi mediate forest soil biogeochemical cycling.
Allocentric representations for target memory and reaching in human cortex
Authors: Chen Ying , Crawford J. Douglas
Published: October 2019

The use of allocentric cues for movement guidance is complex because it involves the integration of visual targets and independent landmarks and the conversion of this information into egocentric commands for action. Here, we focus on the mechanisms for encoding reach targets relative to visual landmarks in humans. First, we consider the behavioral results suggesting that both of these cues influence target memory, but are then transformed—at the first opportunity—into egocentric commands for action. We then consider the cortical mechanisms for these behaviors. We discuss different allocentric versus egocentric mechanisms for coding of target directional selectivity in memory (inferior temporal gyrus versus superior occipital gyrus) and distinguish these mechanisms from parieto‐frontal activation for planning egocentric direction of actual reach movements. Then, we consider where and how the former allocentric representations of remembered reach targets are converted into the latter egocentric plans. In particular, our recent neuroimaging study suggests that four areas in the parietal and frontal cortex (right precuneus, bilateral dorsal premotor cortex, and right presupplementary area) participate in this allo‐to‐ego conversion. Finally, we provide a functional overview describing how and why egocentric and landmark‐centered representations are segregated early in the visual system, but then reintegrated in the parieto‐frontal cortex for action.
Maternal arrhythmia in structurally normal heart: Prevalence and feasibility of catheter ablation without fluoroscopy
Authors: Li Meng‐meng , Sang Cai‐Hua , Jiang Chen‐Xi , Guo Xue‐Yuan , Li Song‐Nan , Wang Wei , Zhao Xin , Tang Ri‐Bo , Long De‐yong , Gao Hai , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Du Xin , Ma Chang‐Sheng
Published: October 2019

Background

Data on management of maternal arrhythmia among Chinese were limited. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) proved to be a reliable treatment choice for sustained tachyarrhythmia but it has rarely been performed during pregnancy due to radiation exposure.

Objective

To investigate the incidence of idiopathic sustained maternal arrhythmia and the feasibility of RFCA in the pregnant patients without fluoroscopy.

Methods

From January of 2015 to December of 2018, the medical records on pregnancy‐related admissions in Beijing Anzhen Hospital (Beijing, China) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who had sustained tachyarrhythmia episodes without structural heart disease were identified. Catheter ablation was performed in those with drug resistant and severely frequent tachyarrhythmia under the guidance of electroanatomical mapping system and intracardiac echocardiography catheter (ICE), if appropriate.

Results

During the study period, 12 584 consecutive pregnant women were admitted for pregnancy‐related reasons, 156 (1.2%) of them were identified as sustained maternal tachyarrhythmia. Twenty‐eight patients (age 21‐37 years) received catheter ablation because the arrhythmias were drug resistant and severely frequent. The RFCA was successfully performed in all patients with zero fluoroscopy after 72.4 ± 24.7 min. Transseptal puncture was performed in 11 patients under the guidance of ICE. In a median of 37 (interquartile range [IQR]: 34‐39) weeks’ pregnancy, 28 healthy fetuses were delivered. No cardiac‐related adverse event occurred during delivery. During later follow‐up, all patients were free of arrhythmia, and all the infants were well developed.

Conclusion

Sustained maternal tachyarrhythmia is not uncommon in the clinical practice. To those with drug resistant and severely frequent arrhythmia, RFCA with zero fluoroscopy could be safely performed with acceptable efficacy.
Functional immune monitoring in severely injured patients—A pilot study
Authors: Halbgebauer Rebecca , Kellermann Stephanie , Schäfer Fabian , Weckbach Sebastian , Weiss Manfred , Barth Eberhard , Bracht Hendrik , Kalbitz Miriam , Gebhard Florian , Huber‐Lang Markus S. , Perl Mario
Published: October 2019

After severe trauma, the resulting excessive inflammatory response is countered by compensatory anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. The systemic inflammatory response to trauma enhanced by inappropriately timed surgical second hits may be detrimental for the patient. On the other hand, overwhelming anti‐inflammatory mechanisms may put patients at increased risk from secondary local and systemic infections. The ensuing sepsis and organ dysfunction due to immune dysregulation remain the leading causes of death after injury. To date, there are no clinically applicable techniques to monitor the pro‐/anti‐inflammatory immune status of the patients and the remaining ability to react to microbial stimuli. Therefore, in the present study, we used a highly standardized and easy‐to‐use system to draw peripheral whole blood from polytraumatized patients (ISS ≥ 32, n = 7) and to challenge it with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Secreted cytokines were compared with those in samples from healthy volunteers. We observed a significant decrease in the release of monocyte‐derived mediators. Surprisingly, we detected stable or even increased concentrations of cytokines related to T cell maturation and function. For clinical practicability, we reduced the incubation time before supernatants were collected. Even after an abbreviated stimulation period, a stable release of almost all analysed parameters in patient blood could be detected. In conclusion, the data are indicative of a clinically well‐applicable approach to monitor the immune status in severely injured patients in a short time. This may be used to optimize the timing of necessary surgical interventions to avoid a boost of proinflammation and reduce risk of secondary infections.
Italian Discourse Markers: The Case ofGuarda te*
Authors: Badan Linda
Published: October 2019

This paper offers a detailed analysis of the expressionguarda telit. ‘look you’ in regional Italian of Veneto. Firstly, we show thatguarda teis a discourse marker that can have two distinct interpretations associated with different syntactic behaviors and prosodic contours. Secondly, we explain the evolution ofguarda teas a discourse marker in terms of a process of syntacticization. In particular, we argue thatguarda tehas different interpretive and syntactic properties depending on the structural position it occupies in the clausal spine within the Speech Act layer above ForceP.
Discovery of the novel allele, HLA‐C*03:04:01:38 in two individuals from the Ao tribe of Nagaland, North‐East India
Authors: Keppen Chenole , Sharma Akanksha , Abid Mohd , Khamo Vinotsole , Kanga Uma
Published: October 2019

One nucleotide substitution (C>T) in intron 1 of HLA‐C*03:04:01:02 results in the novel allele, HLA‐C*03:04:01:38.
Regulation of gene expression involved in the remobilization of rice straw carbon reserves results from moderate soil drying during grain filling
Authors: Wang Guanqun , Li Haoxuan , Wang Kai , Yang Jianchang , Duan Meijuan , Zhang Jianhua , Ye Nenghui
Published: October 2019

Carbon reserves in rice straw before flowering contribute greatly to grain filling. Moderate soil drying imposed at the post‐anthesis stage significantly promotes carbon reserve remobilization in straws of rice, but the regulation of this process at the proteomic and transcriptomic level remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied moderate soil drying (MD) to rice at the post‐anthesis stage, which was followed by dynamic proteomic and transcriptomic studies using SWATH‐MS and RNA‐seq analysis. MD treatment upregulated the proteins alpha‐glucosidase, beta‐glucosidase and starch phosphorylase, which are responsible for starch degradation. Furthermore, MD treatment enhanced the expression of proteins involved in the sucrose synthesis pathway, including SPS8 and SPP1. In addition, various monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) and sucrose transporter 2 (SUT2), which are pivotal in carbon reserve remobilization, were also upregulated in straw by MD treatment. Differentially expressed transcription factors, including GRAS, TCP, trihelix, TALE, C3H, and NF‐YC, were predicted to interact with other proteins to mediate carbon reserve remobilization in response to MD treatment. Further correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of most of the differentially expressed proteins were not correlated with the corresponding transcript levels, indicating that the carbon reserve remobilization process was probably regulated by posttranscriptional modification. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of carbon reserve remobilization from straw to grain in rice under MD conditions.
Examining Demand Elasticities in the U.S. Differentiated Yogurt Market
Authors: Mohammed Rezgar , Murova Olga
Published: October 2019

This article applies the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand system (QUAIDS) model to households’ weekly purchases of yogurt augmented with household characteristics to analyze consumer choices and estimate demand elasticities in the U.S. differentiated yogurt market after the introduction of Chobani brand in 2005. Results show that households with a college degree are more likely to purchase Chobani and Dannon brands rather than Yoplait and private labels. Except for Dannon, demand is price elastic, while the new brand of Chobani has a higher elastic demand compared to the Yoplait brand. Branded yogurts are expenditure elastic with the highest magnitude for Chobani among brands.
Adaptaciones informales y nociones de lo público frente a la densificación urbana
Authors: Dreifuss-Serrano Cristina Isabel , Maqueira-Yamasaki Angeles Margarita
Published: October 2019

El estudio se centra en el impacto del crecimiento inmobiliario reciente en Lima, en el uso que se le da al espacio urbano, y cómo éste afecta las dinámicas sociales, la cohesión de vecindarios y la identidad de las personas en relación a su lugar de residencia. A partir del estudio del desarrollo de un barrio en proceso de densificación inmobiliaria se identifican patrones de uso del espacio urbano y su evolución con los cambios del vecindario, así como la llegada de una nueva población, más numerosa. Muchas de las premisas de base, en cuanto al déficit de espacio público y a los cambios de uso de la zona, son evidentes desde un punto de vista cuantitativo; sin embargo, las encuestas demuestran que la percepción de la población local no siempre coincide con esto. Así mismo, se establece un diálogo entre realidad y percepción, el cual permite delinear cuáles eventos permanecen y cuáles están siendo reemplazados.
Controlled Nanofabrication of Uniform Continuous Graphene Oxide/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Templated Carbonization
Authors: Papkov Dimitry , Goponenko Alexander , Compton Owen C. , An Zhi , Nguyen SonBinh T. , Dzenis Yuris A.
Published: October 2019

Graphene and graphene oxide attract rapidly growing interest as prospective building blocks for nanotechnology applications and composites. Recently, we showed that a small amount of graphene oxide produced significant templating effects on the structure of continuous carbon nanofibers (CNFs). However, the produced nanofibers had significant nonuniformities that could be detrimental to their mechanical properties. Controlled nanofabrication is critical for obtaining uniform, high-quality nanofibers with tunable diameters and properties. Here, we analyze the effects of graphene oxide type, concentration, and processing parameters on the morphology of continuous graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers produced by electrospinning. Four types of graphene oxides with different average nanoparticle sizes were examined, and the effects of electric field and polymer concentration on nanofiber diameters were analyzed. Good-quality nanofibers were produced with up to 2 wt % graphene oxide in polyacrylonitrile. Uniform nanofibers were obtained for solid content above 9 wt % in dimethylformamide (DMF). Composite nanofibers containing graphene oxide nanoparticles exhibited reduced diameters throughout the polyacrylonitrile concentration range before and after carbonization compared to nanofibers prepared from neat polymer. The obtained results open up a pathway for controlled nanofabrication of uniform CNFs with improved structure for a variety of structural and functional applications.
X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging of Liquid Film and Spray Development Inside an Aircraft Engine Swirler
Authors: Sforzo Brandon A. , Kastengren Alan L. , Matusik Katarzyna E. , Gomez del Campo Felipe , Powell Christopher F.
Published: October 2019

Modern aircraft engines combine liquid fuel and air using an intricate flow device with many fuel and air flow passages. To date, the process by which the fuel atomizes within this swirler set has not been examined directly due to optical access limitations. In this work, high-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging of a liquid spray inside a gas turbine engine swirler geometry is presented. Measurements were carried out at the 7-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory using the high-energy broadband X-ray beam. The synchrotron X-ray source provides the necessary photon energy and flux to capture time-resolved fluid phenomena within the confines of the relevant geometry while liquid and air are flowing. Spray nozzle hardware and geometries were provided by the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program (NJFCP), allowing for characterization of the spray using a commercially relevant configuration. Modified swirlers were three-dimensional printed with acrylic to improve imaging access while maintaining influential internal features. Water was used as a surrogate fluid for these studies to demonstrate the visualization capabilities. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric exit pressure conditions with a pressure drop of 6% across the swirler. High-speed imaging of the pilot spray cone revealed sheet breakup several millimeters downstream of the orifice exit, upon interaction with the radial assist air flow. These droplets and ligaments were observed to impinge on the inner filming surface of the swirler and flow toward the exit while developing a tangential flow. Under these conditions, the liquid film grows up to several hundred microns in thickness on the filming surface, and subsequently forms ligaments up to several millimeters in length before breaking up. This work demonstrates the capability of X-ray diagnostics in visualizing liquid flows within solid geometries of technical relevance. Furthermore, the spatial quantification of filming flows and liquid interaction with the swirler air provides validation data for modeling of the multiphase flows and surface interactions within the swirler.
Soil Thermal Inertia Effect on Shallow Basement Energy Performance in Different Morocco Climates
Authors: Sakami Naima , Boukhattem Lahcen , Hamdi Hassan , Benhamou Brahim
Published: October 2019

This study deals with the energy performance of a shallow basement in six climates ranging from cold to desert climate. A case study of a partially buried house located in the hot semi-arid climate of Marrakech (Morocco) is first monitored during 2 months in summer and 2 months in winter. A trnsys model of this house was built and validated against the monitoring results. Simulation results show that the annual thermal load of the partially buried house is always lower than that of the corresponding above ground building house except for the Atlantic climate. Indeed, burying the house at 1.2 m reduces its annual thermal load by 19% at least in the Mediterranean climate and by about 39% in the cold climate.
Low-temperature back-end-of-line technology compatible with III-V nanowire MOSFETs
Authors: Andric Stefan , Ohlsson Fhager Lars , Lindelöw Fredrik , Kilpi Olli-Pekka , Wernersson Lars-Erik
Published: October 2019

We present a low-temperature processing scheme for the integration of either lateral or vertical nanowire (NW) transistors with a multilayer back-end-of-line interconnect stack. The nanowire device temperature budget has been addressed, and materials for the interconnect fabrication have been selected accordingly. A benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer is used as an interlayer dielectric, with interconnect vias formed by reactive ion etching. A study on via etching conditions for multiple interlayer dielectric thicknesses reveals that the sidewall slope can be engineered. An optimal reactive ion etch is identified at 250 mTorr chamber pressure and power of 160 W, using an SF6 to O2 gas mix of 4%. This results in a low via resistance, even for scaled structures. The BCB dielectric etch rate and dielectric-to-soft mask etch selectivity are quantified. Electrical measurements on lateral and vertical III-V NW transistors, before and after the back-end-of-line process, are presented. No performance degradation is observed, only minor differences that are attributed to contact annealing and threshold voltage shift.
Outsize impact
Authors: Leslie Mitch
Published: October 2019

Pint-size proteins, found everywhere from venom to muscles, can block or boost their bigger kin.
Architecture of African swine fever virus and implications for viral assembly
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhao Dongming , Wang Jialing , Zhang Yangling , Wang Ming , Gao Yan , Li Fang , Wang Jingfei , Bu Zhigao , Rao Zihe , Wang Xiangxi
Published: October 2019

Unveiling African swine fever virus

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is highly contagious and often lethal. With no vaccine or effective treatment, infections often require large-scale culling of pigs. Wang
et al.
apply cutting-edge cryo–electron microscopy techniques to determine the structure of this very large DNA virus. An 8.8-angstrom-resolution reconstruction shows the five layers of the virus, and the fourth capsid layer could be reconstructed at 4.8-angstrom resolution. The structure reveals epitopes in the major capsid protein that distinguish ASFV from other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses and shows how the minor capsid proteins stabilize the capsid.

Science
, this issue p.
640
Comparing the Utilities of Different Multilocus Sequence Typing Schemes for Identifying Outbreak Strains of
Mycobacterium abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
Authors: Cheng Aristine , Sun Hsin-Yun , Tsai Yi-Tzu , Chang Shu-Yuan , Wu Un-In , Hsueh Po-ren , Sheng Wang-Huei , Chen Yee-Chun , Chang Shan-Chwen
Published: October 2019

Outbreaks of infections by
Mycobacterium abscessus
, particularly subspecies
massiliense
, are increasingly reported worldwide. Several multilocus sequence typing (MLST) protocols for grouping international outbreak strains have been developed but not yet directly compared.
Disruption of the Dimer-Dimer Interaction of the Mumps Virus Attachment Protein Head Domain, Aided by an Anion Located at the Interface, Compromises Membrane Fusion Triggering
Authors: Kubota Marie , Okabe Iori , Nakakita Shin-ichi , Ueo Ayako , Shirogane Yuta , Yanagi Yusuke , Hashiguchi Takao
Published: October 2019

Despite the use of effective live vaccines, mumps outbreaks still occur worldwide. Mumps virus (MuV) infection typically causes flu-like symptoms and parotid gland swelling but sometimes leads to orchitis, oophoritis, and neurological complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and deafness. MuV enters the host cell through membrane fusion mediated by two viral proteins, a receptor-binding attachment protein, and a fusion protein, but its detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we show that the tetramer (dimer of dimers) formation of the MuV attachment protein head domain is supported by an anion located at the interface between two dimers and that the dimer-dimer interaction plays an important role in triggering the activation of the fusion protein and causing membrane fusion. These results not only further our understanding of MuV entry but provide useful information about a possible target for antiviral drugs.
Association of early postnatal transfer and birth outside a tertiary hospital with mortality and severe brain injury in extremely preterm infants: observational cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Helenius Kjell , Longford Nicholas , Lehtonen Liisa , Modi Neena , Gale Chris
Published: October 2019

Objective

To determine if postnatal transfer or birth in a non-tertiary hospital is associated with adverse outcomes.

Design

Observational cohort study with propensity score matching.

Setting

National health service neonatal care in England; population data held in the National Neonatal Research Database.

Participants

Extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 gestational weeks between 2008 and 2015 (n=17 577) grouped based on birth hospital and transfer within 48 hours of birth: upward transfer (non-tertiary to tertiary hospital, n=2158), non-tertiary care (born in non-tertiary hospital; not transferred, n=2668), and controls (born in tertiary hospital; not transferred, n=10 866). Infants were matched on propensity scores and predefined background variables to form subgroups with near identical distributions of confounders. Infants transferred between tertiary hospitals (horizontal transfer) were separately matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio.

Main outcome measures

Death, severe brain injury, and survival without severe brain injury.

Results

2181 infants, 727 from each group (upward transfer, non-tertiary care, and control) were well matched. Compared with controls, infants in the upward transfer group had no significant difference in the odds of death before discharge (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.61) but significantly higher odds of severe brain injury (2.32, 1.78 to 3.06; number needed to treat (NNT) 8) and significantly lower odds of survival without severe brain injury (0.60, 0.47 to 0.76; NNT 9). Compared with controls, infants in the non-tertiary care group had significantly higher odds of death (1.34, 1.02 to 1.77; NNT 20) but no significant difference in the odds of severe brain injury (0.95, 0.70 to 1.30) or survival without severe brain injury (0.82, 0.64 to 1.05). Compared with infants in the upward transfer group, infants in the non-tertiary care group had no significant difference in death before discharge (1.10, 0.84 to 1.44) but significantly lower odds of severe brain injury (0.41, 0.31 to 0.53; NNT 8) and significantly higher odds of survival without severe brain injury (1.37, 1.09 to 1.73; NNT 14). No significant differences were found in outcomes between the horizontal transfer group (n=305) and controls (n=1525).

Conclusions

In extremely preterm infants, birth in a non-tertiary hospital and transfer within 48 hours are associated with poor outcomes when compared with birth in a tertiary setting. We recommend perinatal services promote pathways that facilitate delivery of extremely preterm infants in tertiary hospitals in preference to postnatal transfer.
What can the global movement to end child marriage learn from the implementation of other multi-sectoral initiatives?
Authors: Lo Forte Claudia , Plesons Marina , Branson Matilda , Chandra-Mouli Venkatraman
Published: October 2019

If the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3 to end child marriage by 2030 is to be met, the annual rate of reduction in the prevalence of child marriage must increase from 1.9% to 23%. Over 30 countries have developed, or are developing, national policies/programmes towards this goal. However, many are struggling to operationalise these policies/programmes, particularly at subnational levels. Thus,Girls Not Bridesand the WHO commissioned a review of lessons learnt from national and subnational implementation of multi-sectoral policies/programmes targeting other issues that could be applied to the global movement to end child marriage. This review identified a number of pragmatic lessons learnt. At the national level, countries should identify and engage committed and skilled leadership, build a shared understanding of the target issue and how to address it, and delineate and clarify the roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders. At the subnational level, countries should establish coordination mechanisms, build awareness and capacity of staff, use subnational evidence to contextualise and tailor interventions, develop coordinated budgets and cost-sharing mechanisms, and integrate monitoring and evaluation systems. These lessons are remarkably consistent, despite coming from different target issues and contexts. The commonality of these findings reveals that various stakeholders are repeatedly and consistently failing to ensure that these fundamental requirements are in place. It is vital that the global movement to end child marriage learns from and uses these lessons if it is to meet its SDG target.
Feline behaviour problems in Brazil: a review of 155 referral cases
Authors: Ramos Daniela , Reche‐Junior Archivaldo , Hirai Yumi , Mills Daniel S
Published: October 2019

Background

Geographical variations in feline behaviour problems exist. The occurrence of feline behaviour problems in different regions are therefore important to prepare professionals for the emerging needs of cat owners.

Methods

One‐hundred and fifty‐five feline behaviour cases that were referred to a veterinary behaviourist in São Paulo (Brazil) during the period 2008–2014 are described.

Results

Inter‐cat aggression was the main behavioural complaint reported (31%), followed by housesoiling (26.4%). Unlike other international studies, inter‐cat aggression was more frequently seen than inappropriate elimination. Oral repetitive behaviours, including problems such as psychogenic alopecia and pica, were also a prevalent problem (ie, 16.8% of the cases). Human‐directed aggression accounted for 13.5% of the cases, taking fourth place in the list of the most common feline behavioural problems. Female and male cats were equally likely to be presented (51% and 49% of cases, respectively).

Conclusions

This study highlights potentially geographical or temporal variation in the behavioural problems that need to be recognised by veterinary behaviourists in order to meet the emerging needs of owners.
Groundwater microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance linked to human population density in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Moore Anni , Lenczewski Melissa , Leal-Bautista Rosa Maria , Duvall Melvin
Published: October 2019

Microbial community composition in selected karst groundwater sites in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, was assessed to determine the environmental variables influencing groundwater microbial diversity. The karst aquifer system is a groundwater-dependent ecosystem and is the world’s second largest underwater karst cave system. The area’s geology allows precipitation to infiltrate into the groundwater system and prevents accumulation of surface water; as such, groundwater is the only source of fresh water on the peninsula. The sampling locations consisted of three karst sinkholes that extend through the freshwater zone into the saline water, and an abandoned drinking water well of an ocean-side resort, during the dry and rainy seasons. The analysis showed that highly diverse microbial communities are present in the Yucatan groundwater, sustained by permanently warm temperatures and high nutrient input from human activity. Proximity to densely populated areas, such as tourist resorts, is the most important factor influencing both the diversity and presence of fecal bacteria and the antibiotic resistance profile.
Motion deviation of test body induced by spin and cosmological constant in extreme mass ratio inspiral binary system
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Wei Shao-Wen , Amaro-Seoane Pau , Yang Jie , Liu Yu-Xiao
Published: October 2019

The future space-borne detectors will provide the possibility to detect gravitational waves emitted from extreme mass ratio inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into supermassive black holes. It is natural to expect that the spin of the compact object and cosmological constant will affect the orbit of the inspiral process and hence lead to the considerable phase shift of the corresponding gravitational waves. In this paper, we investigate the motion of a spinning test particle in the spinning black hole background with a cosmological constant and give the order of motion deviation induced by the particle’s spin and the cosmological constant by considering the corresponding innermost stable circular orbit. By taking the neutron star or kerr black hole as the small body, the deviations of the innermost stable circular orbit parameters induced by the particle’s spin and cosmological constant are given. Our results show that the deviation induced by particle’s spin is much larger than that induced by cosmological constant when the test particle locates not very far away from the black hole, the accumulation of phase shift during the inspiral from the cosmological constant can be ignored when compared to the one induced by the particle’s spin. However when the test particle locates very far away from the black hole, the impact from the cosmological constant will increase dramatically. Therefore the accumulation of phase shift for the whole process of inspiral induced by the cosmological constant and the particle’s spin should be handled with caution.
Topological generation results for free unitary and orthogonal groups
Authors: Chirvasitu Alexandru
Published: October 2019

We show that for every [Formula: see text] the free unitary group [Formula: see text] is topologically generated by its classical counterpart [Formula: see text] and the lower-rank [Formula: see text]. This allows for a uniform inductive proof that a number of finiteness properties, known to hold for all [Formula: see text], also hold at [Formula: see text]. Specifically, all discrete quantum duals [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are residually finite, and hence also have the Kirchberg factorization property and are hyperlinear. As another consequence, [Formula: see text] are topologically generated by [Formula: see text] and their maximal tori [Formula: see text] (dual to the free groups on [Formula: see text] generators) and similarly, [Formula: see text] are topologically generated by [Formula: see text] and their tori [Formula: see text].
A 60 GHz balun low-noise amplifier in 28-nm CMOS for millimeter-wave communication
Authors: Guo Benqing , Chen Hongpeng , Wang Xuebing , Chen Jun , Xie Xianbin , Li Yueyue
Published: October 2019

In this paper, a 60 GHz complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) balun low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented for millimeter-wave communication. To improve the gain and noise performance, slow-wave coplanar waveguides (S-CPW) with high quality factor were designed as input, output, and inter-stage matching networks. At the input port, a balun transformer provides additional passive gain while performing the singled-ended to differential conversion. Implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process, simulated results show that the proposed LNA exhibits a simulated linear gain of 16 dB and a noise figure of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz, with a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 5 GHz (58 GHz–63 GHz). The input return loss is better than −25 dB at the central frequency. The simulated input third-order intercept point (IIP3) is −5 dBm. The circuit draws 35 mA from 1 V supply voltage.
Adaptive control for complex dynamical networks with structural balance via external stimulus signals
Authors: Peng Yi , Wang Yinhe , Gao Zilin , Zhang Lili
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the adaptive structural balance control of complex dynamical networks by employing the controlled external stimulus signals which are coupled and transmitted to the dynamics of complex dynamical network. The control objective is to assure the asymptotical convergence of the dynamical links to the structural balance by the controlled external stimulus signals. The dynamical links of complex dynamical network are represented in this paper mathematically as the Riccati matrix differential equation with the controlled external stimulus signals which are coupled approximately in the form of Hebb rule. Compared with the existing results which are mainly concerned with the dynamical characteristics of nodes such as synchronization, this paper is mainly focused on the dynamical characteristic of links so named as the structural balance which is asymptotically obtained by the adaptive control scheme of external stimulus signals. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the validity of result proposed in this paper.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CARBON COMPOSITE FRAME FOR FOLDABLE ELECTRIC WHEELCHAIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: CHONG WOO SUK , SHIN MI YEON , YU CHANG HO
Published: October 2019

Electric wheelchairs developed so far have difficulties for elderly people to use, because of their bulkiness and heavy weight. To address this problem, this study presents a design for the construction of an electric wheelchair with an application of light duty materials at frame and a foldable structure that can be easily loaded in a narrow space. A structural analysis was performed to evaluate the structural safety of the foldable wheelchair. For the purpose of analysis, a carbon composite was used as the material for the frame; Structure Mechanics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics was used as the analysis software; and for the boundary condition, the lower part of the body frame was fixed, and a load of 150[Formula: see text]kg was applied to the upper part of the wheelchair. According to the results of the structural analysis, a maximum displacement of 2.869[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the handle where the carbon composite was applied, and tensile and compressive stress of 103[Formula: see text]MPa and 107.3[Formula: see text]MPa, respectively, were measured at the seat part of the wheelchair where the load was applied. The safety factors were 7.5 and 5.5 for tensile stress and compressive stress, respectively. A maximum variation of 0.0872[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the aluminum wheel shaft, and a maximum variation of 0.2046[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the joint. The maximum stress was 116.3[Formula: see text]MPa that corresponded to a safety factor of 2.66; this indicates that the wheelchair can be considered to be structurally safe as the safety factor exceeds the initial target of 2.
Soil salinity mapping of an urbanizing area in NE Thailand
Authors: Arjwech Rungroj , Everett Mark E. , Schulmeister Marcia K.
Published: October 2019

Salinization is a growing concern of global proportions. In urban settings effective salinity management strategies must be adopted to ensure environmental sustainability in the face of rapid development. Geophysical methods, particularly electrical methods, can be used to non-invasively map the spatial distribution of subsurface groundwater salinity over wide areas at reasonable cost. In this paper, electrical resistivity tomography and vertical electrical sounding geophysical methods were used to determine the electrical resistivity structure of the subsurface beneath the rapidly developing Khon Kaen University campus in NE Thailand. The geophysical results were combined to generate a contour map of depth to saline groundwater beneath the campus. Saline groundwater was present in shallow strata in the southern part of the campus but is not indicated beneath the northern half, so that drilling for groundwater wells is recommended there. The map can be used by campus planners to inform their salinity management strategies, including the siting of groundwater wells, the design of potential soil reclamation schemes, and the location and design of buried infrastructure according to indications of soil corrosivity. The method can be applied at other urban sites located on salt-affected lands and, in general, provides a valuable supplement to costly traditional geotechnical testing.
Raman spectroscopy: an effective thermal marker in low temperature carbonaceous fold–thrust belts
Authors: Muirhead D. K. , Bond C. E. , Watkins H. , Butler R. W. H. , Schito A. , Crawford Z. , Marpino A.
Published: October 2019

Raman spectroscopy allows thermal maturation of carbonaceous sediments to be determined. The technique has been employed on metamorphic samples exceeding temperatures of 270°C, but recently has been shown to be effective at lower temperatures. Thermal maturation techniques commonly depend on sample size, have varying efficacies at different temperatures and in different conditions. The underlying processes are not well understood, thus data interpretation can be ambiguous. Here we show the efficacy of Raman as a low-temperature thermal marker in a thrust belt. The Bornes region, in a French Subalpine chain, provides an opportunity to test the technique against published vitrinite reflectance data and thermal modelling for the first time. In doing so we show that Raman is an effective thermal marker to temperatures as low as 75°C, has a small error and is consistent with previous work. The Raman data allow us to postulate the relative thickness of the sedimentary succession across the chain, the timing of thermal maturation and the timing and thickness variations of the over-thrust Prealpine nappe. The work establishes Raman as a low-temperature thermal marker for correlation with other techniques to ensure effective and robust interpretation, that can readily be applied to fold–thrust belts in hydrocarbon provinces.
Oxygen–carbon isotope composition of Middle Jurassic–Cretaceous molluscs from the Saratov–Samara Volga region and main climate trends in the Russian Platform–Caucasus
Authors: Zakharov Yuri D. , Seltser Vladimir B. , Kakabadze Mikheil V. , Smyshlyaeva Olga P. , Safronov Peter P.
Published: October 2019

Oxygen and carbon isotope data from well-preserved mollusc shells and belemnite rostra are presented from the Jurassic (Bathonian, Callovian and Tithonian) and Cretaceous (Aptian, Turonian, Campanian and Maastrichtian) of the Saratov–Samara Volga region, Russia. New data provide information on the resulting trends in palaeoclimate and in palaeoceanography and palaeoecology in the late Mesozoic. Palaeotemperatures calculated from Jurassic–Cretaceous benthic (bivalves and gastropods) and semi-pelagic (ammonites) molluscs are markedly higher than those calculated from pelagic belemnites using oxygen isotopes. This is probably due to various mollusc groups of the Saratov–Samara area inhabiting different depths in the marine basins (e.g. epipelagic v. mesopelagic). Our isotope records, combined with a review of previously published data from shallow-water fossils from the Saratov–Samara area and adjacent regions permits us to infer temperature trends for the epipelagic zone from the Middle Jurassic to Cretaceous in the Russian Platform–Caucasus area. The Jurassic–Cretaceous belemnites from the Russian Platform and the Caucasus have a lower δ
13
C signature than the contemporaneous brachiopods, bivalves and ammonites.
Chronic effects of high-intensity interval training on postprandial lipemia in healthy men
Authors: Wilhelmsen Andrew , Mallinson Joanne , Jones Robert , Cooper Scott , Taylor Tariq , Tsintzas Kostas
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the chronic (≥72 h postexercise) effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postprandial lipemia and metabolic markers in healthy volunteers. Eight physically active young men (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 3 yr, height 1.77 ± 0.07 m, body mass 67.7 ± 6.2 kg) underwent two 6-h mixed-meal tolerance tests and resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsies before the first session and ≥72 h after the final session of 4 wk of HIIT [16 sessions in total; 10 × 60-s bouts of cycling at 90% maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), interspersed with 60-s intervals at 45% V̇o2max]. Arterialized and deep venous blood samples from across the forearm, brachial artery blood flow measurements, and whole-body indirect calorimetry data were obtained before, and at regular intervals for 6 h after, consumption of a standardized mixed meal. The main findings revealed that, when assessed ≥72 h postexercise, postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) uptake across the forearm was increased in response to exercise training ( P = 0.025). However, 4 wk of HIIT did not alter fasting or postprandial circulating triglyceride concentrations or their tissue uptake, despite a 10.2% ± 7.7% improvement in V̇o2max ( P = 0.004). Protein content of adipose triglyceride lipase in the vastus lateralis at rest was reduced by 25% ± 21% ( P = 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that 4 wk of HIIT enhances postprandial clearance of FFA when assessed ≥72 h postexercise but does not confer persisting (training) adaptations in postprandial triglyceridemia.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY When assessed ≥72 h after the last exercise session, 4 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) did not improve triglyceridemia but enhanced free fatty acid uptake into muscle with a concurrent reduction in skeletal muscle adipose triglyceride lipase protein content. This suggests that previously reported acute reductions in postprandial triglyceridemia following a single bout of HIIT do not translate to sustained improvements after 4 wk of HIIT, supporting the concept of frequent exercise for the maintenance of lipemic control.
Use of Physicochemical Modification Methods for Producing Traditional and Nanomodified Polymeric Composites with Improved Operational Properties
Authors: Kolosov Aleksandr E. , Sivetskii Volodymyr I. , Kolosova Elena P. , Vanin Volodymyr V. , Gondlyakh Aleksandr V. , Sidorov Dmytro E. , Ivitskiy Igor I. , Symoniuk Volodymyr P.
Published: October 2019

Various aspects of the methods of physical and physicochemical modification of components of filled thermoplastic composite materials are analyzed, aimed at improving the surface properties of the fillers and the technological properties of the polymer matrix during their interaction. It is noted that the improvement of the interfacial interaction of the components of polymer reactoplastic composites, including adhesive strength, is a key factor for improving the reliability of the cured filled composite. As a promising area of research, a modification of the surface of the reinforcing fibrous filler and the technological characteristics of the liquid polymer binder, aimed at increasing their contact properties in the composite, was chosen. The effectiveness of the physical method of modifying the components of composites in the form of low-frequency ultrasonic processing is described. The peculiarities of cluster formation and physicochemical modification of epoxy polymers filled with dispersed fillers are analyzed. Attention is focused on the effectiveness of ultrasonic processing in the cavitation mode for deagglomeration and uniform distribution of nanoparticles in a liquid medium during the creation of nanocomposites. Experimentally confirmed is the improvement of the technological properties of liquid epoxy polymers, modified by ultrasound, used for the impregnation of oriented fibrous fillers, as well as the improvement of the physicomechanical properties of the sonicated epoxy matrices. Some issues of biological modifications of components of polymers for functional application are briefly reviewed.
A Successful Pregnancy Despite the Presence of an Intrauterine Fetal Bone Fragment
Authors: Petrakis Evangelos , Chatzipapas Ioannis , Papapanagiotou Ioannis K. , Fotinopoulos Panagiotis , Siemou Panagiota , Ntzeros Konstantinos , Loutradis Dimitrios
Published: October 2019

Objective. Intrauterine retention of fetal bones following a termination of a pregnancy is a rare complication. Among the few reported cases in literature, there has been no report describing the birth of a live fetus, despite the presence of an embryonic ossicle within the endometrial cavity. Case Report. A 28-year-old woman, with an obstetrical history of a miscarriage at the 19th week of gestation, underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy for evaluation of pelvic pain and infertility, which revealed an intrauterine embryonic ossicle. The patient did not comply with our recommendations to undergo a surgical hysteroscopy. The patient’s next visit was during her 9th week of gestation. She was followed up regularly at our Obstetrics Department. Her gestation was uneventful, while an elective caesarean section at the 39th week of gestation was performed. Conclusion. The present clinical case has demonstrated that achieving childbearing is possible, despite the requirement of removing such bone fragments.
Homoclinic Solutions for a Higher Order ϕc‐Laplacian Difference Equation Containing Both Advance and Retardation
Authors: Mei Peng , Zhou Zhan
Published: October 2019

We consider a 2mth‐order nonlinear difference equation containing both advance and retardation with ϕc‐Laplacian. Using the critical point theory, some new and concrete criteria for the existence of homoclinic solutions with mixed nonlinearities are obtained.