bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutrophilokines and the morphofunctional state of circulating neutrophils in ovarian tumors
Authors: Abakumova T. V. , Gening T. P. , Antoneeva I. I. , Gening S. O. , Gnoevykh V. V.
Published: April 2022

There is currently no clear understanding of the molecular participants providing cytotoxic and/or cytostatic activity of neutrophils (Nph) in relation to tumor cells. Cytokines produced by neutrophils are necessary for their paracrine and autocrine interactions with surrounding cells. In order to assess the effect of regulatory neutrophilokines on the morphofunctional state of circulating Nph in benign ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer, the ELISA method was used to assess the level of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-18, IFNγ, MCP-1 and MMP-1in neutrophils, expression of CD11b, CD63, CD16, CD95. Determined the rigidity of the membrane and the ability of neutrophils to form NET. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the software Statistica 13.0, Jamovi 1.6.5.0. It was found that in ovarian cancer the rigidity of neutrophils depends on the level of IL-10, MCP-1, IL-18, IL-8, IL-4, IFNγ, IL-6 in neutrophils. The method of multiple regression revealed the dependence of the ability to form NETs on the level of IL-4 and IL-6 in Nph. Revealed an inverse correlation between the rigidity of the membrane Nph and their ability to form traps in ovarian cancer. In benign ovarian tumors, a noticeable direct correlation was found between the rigidity of the neutrophil membrane and the adhesive marker CD11b. In ovarian cancer, a correlation was found between the rigidity of the Nph membrane and the CD63 degranulation marker. At benign ovarian tumors, no correlations were found between the number of activated neutrophils and the level of intracellular cytokines in Nph. In ovarian cancer, correlations were found between the number of CD11b+Nph and the level of IL-6, IL-8 in them; between the amount of CD63, CD95 and intracellular IL-8. The amount of CD16+Nph correlated with the level of MMP-1 and IL-8 in Nph. The amount of CD95+Nph correlated with the level of IL-18 in Nph. Thus, the change in the level of neutrophilokines in benign ovarian tumors did not correlate with changes in the ability to NETosis, expression of activation markers, but was accompanied by an increase in the rigidity of the membrane of circulating neutrophils. In ovarian cancer, an increase in IL-8 correlated with a decrease in CD16 expression and an increase in CD63; a decrease in CD16 correlated with an increase in MMP-1. An increase in membrane rigidity in ovarian cancer was associated with changes in all considered neutrophilokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, MCP-1, IFNγ). The combination of IL-4, IL-6, IL-18 indices, NET number and membrane rigidity of circulating Nph (according to the results of multivariate analysis) can be used for differential diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Cytokine-neuroendocrine peripheral signature in the context of the “accelerated ageing” phenomenon in autism spectrum and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Filippova Yu. Yu. , Burmistrova A. L.
Published: April 2022

Currently, differentiation between autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders in children is a difficult task, because it relies mainly on behavioral and symptomatic characteristics, since these disorders are highly similar. We have previously demonstrated that peripheral indexes of immune and neuroendocrine systems, which we combined into cytokine-neuroendocrine signature, may reflect distinct clinical phenotypes of autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Moreover, a number of researchers discovered the “accelerated ageing” phenomenon in the persons with schizophrenia, which includes deficiencies of cognitive functions and performance as the main symptoms. Here we carried out a search for biological markers of the “accelerated ageing” phenomenon in children with autistic conditions and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Our aim was to assess the opportunity of applying the cytokine-neuroendocrine signature as biological evidence of “accelerated ageing” phenomenon in children with autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which could be potentially useful for differential diagnosis of these disorders.Thirteen parameters of the cytokine-neuroendocrine signature were assessed in blood plasma using ELISA method in 82 children with autism, 9 children with schizophrenia, 45 normally developing children, 25 subjects in their reproductive age, and 39 elderly persons: cytokines (IL-6, IL- 1β, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-10, IL-4) and neurohormones (oxytocin, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and serotonin). The nonlinear principal component analysis (CATPCA algorithm) was used to assess the variants of cytokine-neuroendocrine signature for different diagnostic categories, i.e., “autism spectrum disorders”, “schizophrenia spectrum disorders”, and “healthy ageing”.The “healthy ageing” variant of cytokine-neuroendocrine signature presented a classic phenomenon, referred to as immune senescence presented by pro-inflammatory age-related cytokines — IL-6, IL- 1β, IFNγ. Only the “schizophrenia spectrum disorders” variant of the cytokine-neuroendocrine signature, unlike all the other signature variants, demonstrated high-level similarity with the “healthy ageing” variant (differing in 2 out of 13 indexes): lower levels of IL- 1β and IFNγ, at the same level of IL-6 “gerontological cytokine” index.Evaluation of the cytokine-neuroendocrine signature can be used for differentiation between autistic disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including predictive diagnostics in children with autism, thus enabling group selection of children at risk for later conversion to schizophrenia.
Effect of melatonin include into original dermal film upon adaptive immunity in experimental thermal trauma
Authors: Osikov M. V. , Simonyan E. V. , Ageeva A. A. , Nikushkina K, V.
Published: April 2022

Adaptive immunity changes in thermal trauma (TT) increase the risk of infectious complications and limit repair of the lesion. Hence, search and preclinical testing of effective and safe means to locally manage TT, containing bioregulators, is an urgent task of modern medicine. Dermal films (DF) are an innovative and popular variant of wound coatings for small-area burns, and pleiotropic properties of melatonin (MT) suggest its effectiveness in TT. The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of MT, as a component of original DF, upon the indexes of adaptive immunity in experimental TT. The experiment was performed on 115 male Wistar rats. Grade IIIA TT with area of 3.5% were produced by contact with boiling water for 12 s. DF with an area of 12 cm2 based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose contatning MT (5 mg/g) was applied daily for 5 days. Similar DF matrix, but without MT, was used in the control group, Amounts of CD3+ and CD45RA+ cells in blood, and lymphocyte subpolulations with early and late signs of apoptosis and partially necrotic cells were evaluated with flow cytofluorometer, as well as IgG and IgM concentrations were measured in blood serum using rat test systems. With TT, the amount of CD3+ in the blood decreases on days +5 and +10, CD45RA+, on days +5, +10 and +20, and the concentration of IgG in the serum, on days +5 and +10 of observation. On days +5 and +10 after TT, a relationship was established between CD3+ and the number of lymphocytes with signs of early apoptosis (R = -0.47; p 0.05; R = -0.51; p 0.05, respectively), and signs of late apoptosis and necrosis (R = -0.64; p 0.05; R = -0.42; p 0.05, respectively), between CD45RA+ and the number of lymphocytes with signs of early apoptosis (R = -0.47; p 0.05; R = -0.49; p 0.05, respectively), and signs of late apoptosis and necrosis (R = -0.57; p 0.05; R = -0.49; p 0.05, respectively). Usage of MT in DF composition leads to increase in blood CD3+ on the 5th and 20th days, CD45RA+, on the 5th day, and an increase in serum IgG concentration was observed on the 5th and 10th days following TT. Restriction of necrotic and apoptotic death of blood lymphocyte may be among the mechanisms of the immunotropic effect produced by MT which is, probably, due to its local antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in the TT area.
Beyond Notations: Hygienic Macro Expansion for Theorem Proving Languages
Authors: Ullrich Sebastian , de Moura Leonardo
Published: April 2022

In interactive theorem provers (ITPs), extensible syntax is not only crucial
to lower the cognitive burden of manipulating complex mathematical objects, but
plays a critical role in developing reusable abstractions in libraries. Most
ITPs support such extensions in the form of restrictive "syntax sugar"
substitutions and other ad hoc mechanisms, which are too rudimentary to support
many desirable abstractions. As a result, libraries are littered with
unnecessary redundancy. Tactic languages in these systems are plagued by a
seemingly unrelated issue: accidental name capture, which often produces
unexpected and counterintuitive behavior. We take ideas from the Scheme family
of programming languages and solve these two problems simultaneously by
proposing a novel hygienic macro system custom-built for ITPs. We further
describe how our approach can be extended to cover type-directed macro
expansion resulting in a single, uniform system offering multiple abstraction
levels that range from supporting simplest syntax sugars to elaboration of
formerly baked-in syntax. We have implemented our new macro system and
integrated it into the new version of the Lean theorem prover, Lean 4. Despite
its expressivity, the macro system is simple enough that it can easily be
integrated into other systems.
A Flexible Proof Format for SAT Solver-Elaborator Communication
Authors: Baek Seulkee , Carneiro Mario , Heule Marijn J. H.
Published: April 2022

We introduce FRAT, a new proof format for unsatisfiable SAT problems, and its
associated toolchain. Compared to DRAT, the FRAT format allows solvers to
include more information in proofs to reduce the computational cost of
subsequent elaboration to LRAT. The format is easy to parse forward and
backward, and it is extensible to future proof methods. The provision of
optional proof steps allows SAT solver developers to balance implementation
effort against elaboration time, with little to no overhead on solver time. We
benchmark our FRAT toolchain against a comparable DRAT toolchain and confirm
>84% median reduction in elaboration time and >94% median decrease in peak
memory usage.
A Review on Entrepreneurship and its Oppurnities
Authors: Prasanna Kumar G , Ramachandran M , Soniya Sriram , Manjula Selvam
Published: April 2022

Entrepreneurship refers to a person who has an idea and wants to implement that idea, usually with a new product or service Disrupting the market. With the right practices of research and development, entrepreneurs are new They bring innovation, which opens the door to new ventures, markets, products and technology Opens. Entrepreneurs
need to play a role in solving problems are not yet solved by existing products and technology. Traditionally, entrepreneurship has been classified into four main categories: small businesses, scalable start-ups, large companies and social entrepreneurs. These models cover the basics of starting a business and focus more the company is more
than the qualities of an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur will usually start a new business and run it. At the same time, they are responsible for the risks involved. Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a new business that prepares one
for both risks and opportunities. An entrepreneur integrates the essential needs of a company. Make sure you do the work and no one will look over your shoulder. As an entrepreneur, you must learn to take responsibility for yourself, otherwise you will not succeed. There will be more responsibility in the making industry The branch is also responsible for his personal life. Entrepreneurs vs. Managers. The main difference between entrepreneurs and managers is their role in the company. The owner of an entrepreneurial company, the manager is an employee of the company. Entrepreneur
risk taker; they take financial risk for their company. Entrepreneurial businesses are found in every business - every business needs professionals who can create success and defraud many responsibilities. The following table illustrates the salary opportunities for four common business and entrepreneurial majors each one. Most entrepreneurs have a bachelor‟s degree in business or a specific bachelor‟s degree in entrepreneurship and then develop their skills in an MBA program. In entrepreneurial MBA programs, students are encouraged to use their creative potential as they learn
to create endeavors. Top businesses have multiple revenue streams and competitive prices with a 50 percent or better wholesale range and a 10 to 20 percent profit range. If your numbers are not attractive, survival is difficult. So make sure all the numbers work before you start your endeavor
Social support and motherhood (reissue)
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: April 2022

Ann Oakley develops a sociology of the research process, telling how a research project on caring and social support is undertaken. The book has much resonance for social science researchers and others interested in the experiences of mothers, and the relations between social research, academic knowledge and public policy.
Bacterial composition and inferring function profiles in the biofloc system rearing Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae at a low salinity
Authors: Huang Hai-Hong , Li Chao-Yun , Lei Yan-Ju , Kuang Wei-Qi , Zou Wan-Sheng , Yang Pin-Hong
Published: April 2022

This study investigated the bacterial composition and inferring function profiles in the biofloc system rearing Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) at a low salinity condition. PL (~ stage 15) were stocked in four parallel tanks filled in water with a salinity of 5.0‰ at a density of 4000 individuals per m3 for a 28-days culture experiment, during which glucose was added as a carbon source with a C:N of 20:1. At the end of the experiment, water was sampled from each tank and pooled to extract microbial DNA for high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results showed that the bacterial community at 28 d was dominated by phyla of Proteobacteria (45.8%), Bacteroidetes (21.1%), Planctomycetes (13.5%), Chlamydiae (10.3%), and Firmicutes (6.8%). A proportion of 81% inferring KEGG functions of this bacterial community is associated with metabolism. Among functions relating to nitrogen metabolism, 48.5% were involved in converting ammonia to glutamate. Still, the proportion of those engaged in transformation among ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate was 18.0%, inferring higher protein-synthesis but lower inorganic nitrogen-transformation capacities of the bacterial community. At the same time (28 d), high levels of total nitrogen (231.3±6.0 mg L-1) and biofloc (127.0±63.0 mL L-1) but low concentrations of ammonia (0.04±0.01 mg L-1), nitrite (0.2±0.1 mg L-1) and nitrate (12.9±2.5 mg L-1) were observed. The results supply a novel insight for understanding bacterial community function in the biofloc system nursing L. vannamei PL at low salinity.
The Conundrum of Stock Market Performance and Gross Domestic Product: An Empirical Evidence from Kenya
Authors:   Senior Lecturer Department of Economics Finance and Accounting, JKUAT, Olweny Tobias
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this study was to establish is the difficult question among researchers on the direction of relationship between the stock market performance and the gross domestic product using an empirical evidence from Kenya. Both theoretical and empirical reviews have presented a puzzle especially in the long run relationship between the two variables and empirical investigations in various country contexts , time varying longitudinal periods and other settings have continued to provide conflicting results. The study employed quarterly statistics of the Nairobi All Share Index (NASI) obtained from the Capital Markets Authority Bulletins and quarterly Gross Domestic Product rates from 2012-2019 obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and applied the Engle granger causality test and establish the link between stock market performance and economic growth in the long run (i.e. whether stock market performance causes economic growth or itself is a consequence of increased economic activity). The statistical techniques used included the unit root Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test in order to test the stationarity for all the time series in their levels and first differences. The Johansen co-integration test to investigate whether the variables are cointegrated of the same order taking into account the trace statistics and the maximum eigen-value tests. The data was transformed into natural logarithms and normalized for further analysis. Both GDP and NASI were found to be stationery at level and upon first difference after ADF tests. The findings were that there was none directional/No causal relationship between the two variables after conducting a pairwise granger causality test, however there was a significant cointergrating equation on the variables, signifying the long run relationship between the two variables. From the results, it was inferred that the movement of stock prices in the Nairobi stock exchange reflect the macroeconomic condition in the long run of the country and can therefore be used to predict the future path of economic growth however the puzzle continues on causality.
Digital competencies in the activities of libraries
Authors:   Head of the Department of Continuous Professional Education of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Guzenok Irina , Begisheva Anastasia ,   professional education of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Published: April 2022

The trends in the development of information technologies in the Russian Federation imply intensive digitalization of all spheres of public life. In this regard, the problem of training personnel with the competencies that are necessary to work in the digital environment becomes relevant. The library as a social institution is no exception. One of the key trends in the development of professional development is the formation of a library of digital credentials for specialists, their subsequent improvement, which will ensure the future of the profession. To accomplish the tasks set, it is required to study «digital competence» and use the terms: digital literacy, digital competence, digital skills, and for further research it is important to determine its essential characteristics, their differences from other synonymously used terms. The problem of forming a circle of rights for specialists in the library and information sphere is relevant both at the world and at the Russian level
Problems of integration of publishing houses, bookselling and information-library institutions in Uzbekistan
Authors:   State Institute of Arts and Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan, sai Irina
Published: April 2022

Libraries, being state institutions, exist on state subsidies and are limited in their funds, so even though the book market in modern conditions is saturated with document resources, information and library institutions cannot afford the purchase of all necessary publications. The activities of institutions are regulated by normative and legislative acts, which provide both competitive methods of procurement and procurement from a single supplier. To replenish the information and library fund it is not enough to get a legal deposit copy, so it is necessary to find additional sources of acquisition through the integration of information and library institutions with publishing and bookselling organizations. The main sources of information about novelties are price lists and websites of publishers, as well as websites of leading online stores. The use of information technologies and automated systems makes it easy to analyze how much demand the library users have for purchased editions. The library needs to organize a clear feedback between the service departments, the acquisition department and the user. Only collective work of all structural divisions of the library on the list of editions necessary for acquisition will allow to form a qualitative fund.
Skills and competencies required of librarians in the modern information environment
Authors:   National Library Of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi, Abdukahorova Muazzam
Published: April 2022

This article highlights the knowledge, skills, and qualifications that every modern librarian should acquire. The results of research on the requirements for librarians in foreign countries and analysis of surveys conducted among librarian specialists of information-library centers in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions, and districts (cities) are also presented. The survey included both general and specific questions related to librarianship, gathered their recommendations on the development of library sphere and offered solutions to problems as well.
The role and place of reading culture in modern life in Uzbekistan
Authors:   Navoiyskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta, Ashrapov Ravil
Published: April 2022

In the article, the author makes a comparison between printed and electronic (screen) books. Materials are presented that indicate the mass abuse of young people for computer and telephone games. He cites concrete data from social surveys of the level of reading culture in different countries, confirming the opinion about the benefits of reading paper books. Despite some advantages of the e-book – accessibility, volume capacity, cheapness, the author, through scientific evidence, shows the negative aspects of e-reading. In particular, he speaks of a deterioration in vision, muscle tremor, and a lack of aesthetic pleasure. Points to a direct connection between the high culture of reading young people and their education, the development of new knowledge and socialization in society. The critical situation in countries with a low level of reading culture is considered, which predicts an irreversible intellectual collapse and economic stagnation in the future. The question is raised about the possibility of overcoming the crisis of the culture of reading by strengthening the role of the family, parental control and pedagogical influence in educational institutions.
Life and work of Alisher Navoi, humanistic ideas in his works
Authors:   Doctor of Philology, Sirozhiddinov Shuhrat
Published: April 2022

Studying the classics of our time and the historical treatise «Khabib us-siar», the biography of the great thinker of the East Alisher Navoi was studied and it was also compared with the works of the orientalist V.V. Barthold. One of such unnoticed details was the time of Alisher Navoi’s stay in Mashhad and the ensuing question about his exile to Samarkand. Unfortunately, no information was left about how long Navoi lived in Mashhad, and the poet’s student Khondamir, in his works, is also silent about the details of that period of the poet’s life and the date of his return to Herat. This takes place during the reign of Abu Said, who, according to sources, seized the throne of Khorasan in 1457. In addition, for some time the poet lived in Samarkand. Khondamir defines this trip as «from Khorasan to Samarkand for study.» If we take into account that Mashhad was part of Khorasan, then the inaccuracies that exist in modern navigation in the matter of the details of the poet’s trip to Samarkand are clearly revealed. According to sources, a poet who served one king could also successfully serve the next shah who killed him and took his throne. There is plenty of evidence for this in history
FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM A ADESÃO DA TERAPIA ANTIRRETROVIRAL (TARV)
Authors: Cunta Gonçalves Beatriz , De Araujo Lima Nathalia , Gawlinski Franchi Mariana , Poubel Batista Anderson , Albano Alves Maria Leonardo , Ferreira dos Santos Raquel , Carvalho Soares Beatriz , Rezende Vicco Letícia , Do Vale Senedese Maria Silvia , Daudt Pereira Carolina , Alacoque Amorim Lima Bruna
Published: April 2022

O escopo do presente trabalho é relatar os fatores que influenciam a adesão da terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e propor estratégias para a população jovem convivendo com o HIV. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual foi feita uma busca por estudos publicados na forma de artigo entre os anos de 2016 a 2021. Como critérios de inclusão, buscaram-se artigos que tratam das temáticas: I) HIV; II) AIDS; III) Infecções por HIV; IV) Terapia antiretroviral; V) Adesão ao tratamento; VI) Imunossupressão; e VII) Anticorpos Anti-HIV, publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola e disponíveis na forma de texto completo. Observou-se que, no ano de 2020, 27,5 milhões de pessoas infectadas receberam a medicação. Entretanto, em indivíduos até 14 anos foi mostrado que apenas 54% a receberam, contra a taxa global de 73%. Sem o tratamento, aumenta-se o risco de morbimortalidade, perde-se qualidade de vida, desenvolve-se quadros psiquiátricos e o consequente aumento dos custos para o sistema de saúde. Dentre as adversidades para o tratamento de forma efetiva está a rigorosidade da tomada do medicamento, bem como a complexa lista de doses medicamentosas e seus efeitos colaterais; questões culturais, psicológicas e pessoais também vem por intervir negativamente no tratamento. Conclui-se que, para suprir essas questões e aumentar a população jovem em tratamento, o incentivo para o autocuidado e redução da interferência socioeconômica e cultural, é necessário a criação de clínicas adaptadas para o público adolescentes com suas demandas atendidas e de grupos de adesão onde haja compartilhamento de experiências entre si.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Sasirangan Media Baju Kaos Peluang Usaha Anak Panti Asuhan Yatim Putra Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin
Authors: Yusri Yusri , Rahman Faisal , Abdi Muhammad Mahendra
Published: April 2022

Lack of knowledge and skills in developing sasirangan t-shirt media which can be used as profitable business opportunities, there is no initiator of the sasirangan t-shirt business among young people at the Banjarmasin Muhammadiyah Orphanage. Community Service Providing training and education related to sasirangan cloth, innovation in the form of t-shirts, providing motivation and inspiration for creative entrepreneurship as business opportunities that can be developed with the hope that there will be interest in developing into independent creative businesses. The method used is lectures providing material and direct practice. As a result of this training, the young people at the Yatim Putra Muhammadiyah Orphanage were able to understand and practice it directly in the process of making sasirangan using t-shirt media with the given working mechanism. Of the fifteen participants who took part in this training, all of them succeeded in making sasirangan t-shirts which were shown in the final process where the participants had gone through a series of manufacturing stages starting from drawing patterns, basting, threading, dyeing colors, releasing threads to drying. From this training, it can be concluded that all participants, the majority of whom are male, have talent in making this sasirangan and have an interest in being able to create according to trendy and contemporary motifs as a business opportunity independently or in groups for young people as a source of income for the children of the orphanage in supporting economy.
Edukasi Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 dalam Mendukung Program Desa Tanggap Covid-19
Authors: Saftarina Fitria , Angraini Dian Isti , Ratna Maya Ganda , Suharmanto Suharmanto , Rodiani Rodiani
Published: April 2022

Since the discovery of Covid-19, it has spread widely, causing a global pandemic that continues to this day. For this reason, promotive and preventive efforts are needed for the Karanganyar Village community regarding the prevention of Covid-19. This service aims to increase public knowledge about Covid-19 prevention. The target of the activity is 30 people. This community service activity was carried out using a health education, used presentation slides, leaflets, and videos. The results obtained showed that knowledge before education was 46.3 ± 8.9, and when health education was carried out, there was an increase in knowledge to 86.7 ± 9.2. From the results of the paired-t test analysis, it was found that p < 0.001, so that health education provided to the public about the prevention of Covid-19 could increase public knowledge. For practicing WHO handwashing practices correctly, 93.3% of participants were good at washing their hands. This activity needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis by the Puskesmas and Karanganyar Village governments in an effort to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19 and support the Covid-19 Response Rural Program.
Temporal variability in potentially toxic elements (PTE's) and benthic Foraminifera in an estuarine environment in Puerto Rico
Authors: Martinez-Colon Michael , Hallock Pamela , Green-Ruiz Carlos R. , Smoak Joseph M.
Published: April 2022

Bulk concentrations of PTE's (potentially toxic elements) were assessed and compared with foraminiferal assemblages from core sediments from TL (Torrecillas Lagoon), on the north coast of Puerto Rico. Temporal distributions of mud, Fe, Al (proxy for terrigenous sedimentation), and rhenium (proxy for anoxia) reflected changes in land use within the drainage basin associated with human activities over the past century. The mud-dominated sediments provided a major â€œsinkâ€ for PTEs, while Fe oxides and sulfides served as a secondary â€œsinksâ€. Temporal variability of Re revealed intervals of aerobic vs anaerobic conditions in the lagoon. The dominant foraminiferal taxa, Ammonia beccarii, Quinqueloculina rhodiensis, Quinqueloculina seminula, and Ammobaculites agglutinans, coupled with low foraminiferal densities and species diversities, as well as barren samples, are characteristic of stressed estuarine environments. Overall bulk concentrations of Cu and Zn negatively correlated with foraminiferal absolute/relative abundances, diversity indices and incidences of test deformities. However, there are no correlations with the assumed bioavailable counterparts (F2Tess-Cu and F2Tess-Zn) were observed. These results indicate that fractionation of PTEs need to be considered in relation to their biological significance to foraminiferal ecology, which may differ substantially from bioavailability to metazoans that ingest sediments. The application of the acid-soluble F2Tess is not recommended in environmental studies using foraminifers as bioindicators, as PTEs in this fraction are likely not bioavailable to these protists.
Microbiostratigraphy,Microfacies and Depositional Environment of the Sarvak and Ilam Formations in the Gachsaran Oilfield, southwest Iran
Authors: Rikhtegarzadeh Mojgan , Vaziri Seyed Hamid , Aleali Mohsen , Bakhtiar Hassan Amiri , Jahani Davood
Published: April 2022

Microbiostratigraphy, microfacies and depositional environments of the Sarvak and Ilam formations have been studied in the Gachsaran Oilfield (well no. 335). The thickness of the Sarvak and Ilam formations are 95.5 and 66.5 meters respectively and they consist of limestone with minor shale. Biostratigraphic analysis of these formations has resulted in the recognition of two biozones in the Sarvak Formation: 1) Nezzazataâ€“alveolinid assemblage zone, 2) Rudist debris; and one biozone in the Ilam Formation: the Rotalia skourensisâ€“algae assemblage zone. The age of the Sarvak Formation is considered as late Cenomanian and the Ilam Formation as Santonian. The zones match with the previous biozonation scheme of Wynd (1965) in the Zagros area. The intervals are subdivided into 11 microfacies that were deposited in four major depositional environments. These include shelf lagoon, platform margin, slope, and basin depositional settings. A carbonate shelf without an effective marginal barrier is considered as a depositional model for both formations.
Atlas of benthic foraminifera from coral reefs of the Raja Ampat Archipelago (Irian Jaya, Indonesia)
Authors: Forderer Meena , Langer Martin R.
Published: April 2022

Raja Ampat (Indonesia) is a remote archipelago west of Papua mainland and situated at the eastern edge of the Coral Triangle. The archipelago is considered one of the species-richest and most pristine localities and home to the worldâ€™s most diverse coral reefs. For centuries, reefs of Raja Ampat have enjoyed natural protection and remained largely untouched due to their isolated location. The region represents a key area for evaluating richness and biogeographic patterns of tropical shallow-water organisms, yet the foraminiferal fauna of Raja Ampat is virtually unexplored. Benthic foraminifera are an integral part of the reef fauna, prolific carbonate producers and essential for reefal accretion and substrate stability. Previous studies on Indo-Pacific benthic reef foraminifera indicate that diversity is highest in the Central Indo-Pacific and broadly correlates with diversity patterns of other tropical marine taxa. This report presents the first illustrated catalog and comprehensive analysis of the structure, composition, and diversity of the species-rich benthic foraminiferal biotas of the Raja Ampat Archipelago including an assessment of local reef vitality with the Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring (FoRAM) Index. We examined shallow-water sediment samples from fringing reefs, reef platforms, sheltered bays and reef-associated environments to cover the full range of existing micro- and macrohabitats. Atotal number of 421 species were recovered, among them five new species and one newly described genus of the porcelaneous Miliolida. The fauna is dominated by hyaline taxa but the Miliolida represent the species-richest order and are especially diverse in fine-grained sediments of deep fore-reef slopes. Extraordinary high diversity of the benthic foraminiferal communities indicates that the waters of Raja Ampat probably represent one of the worldâ€™s biologically richest locations in reefs.We identified a total of 35 species of larger symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifera, a number that is among the highest reported so far for reefs in modern oceans. The analysis of the FoRAM Index revealed that water quality at all sites examined is suitable for reef growth and recovery. The results of our study show that the Raja Ampat Archipelago harbors unique and particularly diverse assemblages of modern benthic foraminifera and provides a protistan perspective for the hotspot of diversity in the Central Indo-Pacific.
A new species of Idiognathoides (conodont) in the Lower Pennsylvanian Ladrones Limestone of the Alexander terrane, southeast Alaska, and its paleogeographic significance
Authors: Frederick Phil , Barrick James E.
Published: April 2022

The Peratrovich Formation and overlying Ladrones Limestone in the Craig C4 quadrangle of the Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, record the accumulation of Carboniferous carbonates behind the remnants of a Late Devonian volcanic arc in the Alexander terrane. The occurrences of declinognathodid elements in the lower Ladrones Limestone suggest the possibility of a conformable Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary near the base of the Ladrones Limestone. The recovery of the Early Pennsylvanian conodont Idiognathoides chaagulootus n. sp. in the lower part of the Ladrones Limestone helps to constrain current models of the paleogeographic position of the Alexander terrane during the Carboniferous because of its limited occurrence within the Uralian Seaway. The presence of Id. chaagulootus n. sp. in the Alexander terrane, the Brooks Range of Alaska, and Novaya Zemlya indicates a species level biogeographic connection between these regions that shows that the Alexander terrane remained in the Uralian Seaway until at least the Middle Pennsylvanian.
Spa and Traditional Thai Massage: Local Policies and Promotional Measures for Long-Stay Japanese Retirees in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Marohabutr Thammarat
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the local policies and promotional measures of local authorities concerning spa and traditional Thai massage services serving long-stay Japanese retirees in Chiang Mai. The study adopts the qualitative descriptive approach based on information obtained from printed and electronic documents and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using purposive sampling, the participants consisted of seven representatives working at the policy level from three local authorities in Chiang Mai most directly responsible for the task of spa and traditional Thai massage. The findings reveal that local policies involves reference to the Medical Hub policy and related law, as well as policy and budget adoption from multiple streams, with no separate tasks for long-stay Japanese retirees and law enforcement to control the service standards of spa and traditional Thai massage services. Promotional measures include an award system to develop service standards and adherence to regulations, a coaching system among entrepreneurs, long-stay activities, and the adoption of local culture and Lanna wisdom in service provision. Although general foreign tourists in Chiang Mai appear to be the main target group for local policies and promotional measures, a couple of specific promotional measures are targeted at long-stay Japanese retirees. Separate tasks and a cross-sectional network of local authorities should be established to strengthen their roles in serving the group of long-stay Japanese retirees.
Yield Studies of Withania somnifera (L. Dunal) in Reference to Vindhya Region
Authors: Dr. Rajnish Kumar Pandey
Published: April 2022

The purpose of cultivation of medicinal plants is to get good return from the crop. The yield of Root, in Ashwagandha is the main purpose of growing this crop. The results shown for all the three varieties were good and the Poshita variety showed the best Root yield Production in the Vindhyan Region. The Net return was estimated for JA 20 was 1, 24,100 Rs/ha. For JA 134 was 1, 19, 500 Rs/ha and for Poshita, it was 1, 65,400 Rs/ha.
Incidence and Risk Factors for 28 Days Hospital Readmission: A Retrospective Study from Oman
Authors: Al Sibani Maitha , Al-Maqbali Juhaina Salim , Yusuf Zainab , Al Alawi Abdullah Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the incidence of 28-day hospital readmission in a tertiary hospital in Oman and identify potential factors associated with increased risk of hospital readmission. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all adult patients (≥ 18 years) admitted under the care of the General Internal Medicine unit from 1 June to 31 December 2020 at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. Elective admissions and COVID-19 infection-related admission were excluded from the study. Results: There were 200 patients admitted during the study period. The mean age was 58.6±19.3 years, and 106 (53.0%) patients were males. Forty-eight (24.0%) patients had unplanned readmission within 28-days after discharge from the hospital. Patients with 28 days unplanned readmission were older (66.6 vs. 56.0 years, p < 0.001) and had a longer length of hospital stay (6.0 vs. 4.0 days, p < 0.001). Also, hypertension (77.1% vs. 55.3%, p =0.007), diabetes mellitus (64.6% vs. 48.0%, p =0.045), and comorbidity (≥ 3 comorbidities, [43.8% vs. 23.8%, p =0.005]) were more prevalent in the unplanned readmission group. Patients with poor functional status (43.7% vs. 26.3%, p < 0.001), requiring feeding tube (25.0% vs. 5.3%, p < 0.001), and with polypharmacy (75.0% vs. 50.0%, p =0.003) were at increased risk of readmission. Conclusions: 28-day hospital readmission is prevalent in our health care setting. Old age, polypharmacy, comorbidities, and poor functional status were associated with an increased risk of hospital readmission. Therefore, evidence-based interventions must be implemented in our health care system to minimize the risk of hospital readmission.
Organizational and methodological support of the innovative program of digital transformation of the personalized form of STL
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Zhienbayeva N. , Abdigapbarova U. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

The article presents the stages, criteria, levels of organizational and methodological support for an innovative program of digital transformation of a personalized form of student-centered learning (SCE). Based on the conducted experiment with 1st – 4th year students, the results of studying the attractiveness of an innovative program for the transformation of a personalized form of SSO in a digital environment are substantiated. This article was carried out within the framework of the scientific project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. AR08857119 "Transformation of student-centered training of a future teacher in a digital environment" (Contract No. 294 of November 16, 2020).
ABOUT THE PROJECT "SMART-STUDY RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL SPACE IN A NON-LINGUISTIC ENVIRONMENT"
Authors:   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, MALIKOVA A. , FATKIEVA G. ,   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, .GLADKOVA Ye ,   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, KELDESHOVA O. ,   Sh.Ualikhanov Kokshetau University
Published: April 2022

The introduction of educational distance services into the training system is of urgent importance at the present time. This article presents a web platform for foreign students studying Russian (levels A1, A2). The methodology, approaches and methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language are listed. The obtained practical experience shows that learning through the use of digital technologies allows integrating educational technologies and increasing its effectiveness in synchronous and asynchronous learning. The research is based on the existing models in linguistic science, but at the same time its specificity and approach have no analogues in Kazakh science. The appearance of such a website will allow foreigners to improve their basic writing, speaking, reading and listening skills under the guidance of a teacher and independently. The use of digital services in the classroom contributes to the presentation of the material in a more accessible, visual form, which will help to improve the quality of memorization and academic performance in a mixed learning format.
Reconstruction of Mediterranean coastal sea level at different timescales based on tide gauge records
Authors: Ramos Alcántara Jorge , Gomis Damià , Jordà Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A coastal sea level reconstruction based on tide gauge observations is developed and applied to the western basin of the Mediterranean sea. The reconstructions are carried out in four frequency bands and are based on an optimal interpolation method in which the correlation between tide gauge data and all coastal points has been determined from the outputs of a numerical model. The reconstructions for frequencies lower than 1 month use monthly observations from the PSMSL database and cover the period from 1884 to 2019. For the reconstruction of higher frequencies, hourly observations from the GESLA–2 dataset are used, and cover from 1980 to 2015. Total sea level is retrieved with high accuracy from the merging of the different frequency bands. Results of a cross–validation test show that independent tide gauge series are highly correlated with the reconstructions. Moreover, they correlate significantly better with the reconstructions than with altimetry data in all frequency bands, and therefore the reconstruction represents a valuable contribution to the attempts of recovering coastal sea level. The obtained reconstructions allow the characterization of the coastal sea level variability, to estimate coastal sea level trends and to examine the correlation between Western Mediterranean coastal sea level and the main North Atlantic climate indices. The limitations and applicability of the method to other regions are also discussed.
Empirical tsunami fragility modelling for hierarchical damage levels: An application to damage data of the 2009 South Pacific tsunami
Authors: Jalayer Fatemeh , Ebrahimian Hossein , Trevlopoulos Konstantinos , Bradley Brendon
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The present work proposes a simulation-based Bayesian method for parameter estimation and fragility model selection for mutually exclusive, and collectively exhaustive (MECE) damage states. This method uses adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) based on likelihood estimation using point-wise intensity values. It identifies the simplest model that fits the data best, among the set of viable fragility models considered. As a case-study, observed pairs of data for tsunami intensity and corresponding damage level from the central South Pacific tsunami on September 29, 2009, are used. The tsunami was triggered by an unprecedented earthquake doublet (Mw 8.1 and Mw 8.0) and seriously impacted numerous locations in the central South Pacific. Damage data related to 120 brick masonry residential buildings in American Samoa and Samoa islands were utilized. A six-tier damage scale was considered, using tsunami flow depth as the intensity measure.
Present and future European heat wave magnitudes: climatologies, trends, and their associated uncertainties in GCM-RCM model chains
Authors: Lin Changgui , Kjellström Erik , Wilcke Renate Anna Irma , Chen Deliang
Published: April 2022

Abstract. This study investigates present and future European heat wave magnitudes, represented by the Heat Wave Magnitude Index-daily (HWMId), for regional climate models (RCMs) and their driving global climate models (GCMs) over Europe. A subset of the large EURO-CORDEX ensemble is employed to study sources of uncertainties related to choice of GCMs, RCMs and their combinations. We initially compare the evaluation runs of the RCMs driven by ERA-interim reanalysis to the observations, finding that the RCMs are able to capture most of the observed spatial and temporal features of HWMId. With their higher resolution, RCMs can reveal spatial features of HWMId associated with small-scale processes; moreover, RCMs represent large scale features of HWMId in a satisfactory way. Our results indicate a clear added value of the RCMs in relation to their driving GCMs. Forced with the emission scenario RCP8.5, all the GCM and RCM simulations consistently project a rise in HWMId at an exponential-like rate. However, the climate change signals projected by the GCMs are generally attenuated when downscaled by the RCMs, with the spatial pattern also altered. The uncertainty in a simulated future change of heat wave magnitudes following global warming can be attributed almost equally to the difference in model physics (as represented by different RCMs) and to the driving data associated with different GCMs. Regarding the uncertainty associated with RCM choice, representation of the orographic effects differently is a major factor. No consistent spatial pattern in the ensemble spread associated with different GCMs is observed between the RCMs, suggesting GCMs' uncertainties are transformed by RCMs in a complex manner due to the nonlinear nature of model dynamics and physics.