bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot investigation on the dose-dependent impact of irradiation on primary human alveolar osteoblasts in vitro
Authors: Amler Anna-Klara , Schlauch Domenic , Tüzüner Selin , Thomas Alexander , Neckel Norbert , Tinhofer Ingeborg , Heiland Max , Lauster Roland , Kloke Lutz , Stromberger Carmen , Nahles Susanne
Published: October 2021

Radiotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma can lead to long-term complications like osteoradionecrosis, resulting in severe impairment of the jawbone. Current standard procedures require a 6-month wait after irradiation before dental reconstruction can begin. A comprehensive characterization of the irradiation-induced molecular and functional changes in bone cells could allow the development of novel strategies for an earlier successful dental reconstruction in patients treated by radiotherapy. The impact of ionizing radiation on the bone-forming alveolar osteoblasts remains however elusive, as previous studies have relied on animal-based models and fetal or animal-derived cell lines. This study presents the first in vitro data obtained from primary human alveolar osteoblasts. Primary human alveolar osteoblasts were isolated from healthy donors and expanded. After X-ray irradiation with 2, 6 and 10 Gy, cells were cultivated under osteogenic conditions and analyzed regarding their proliferation, mineralization, and expression of marker genes and proteins. Proliferation of osteoblasts decreased in a dose-dependent manner. While cells recovered from irradiation with 2 Gy, application of 6 and 10 Gy doses not only led to a permanent impairment of proliferation, but also resulted in altered cell morphology and a disturbed structure of the extracellular matrix as demonstrated by immunostaining of collagen I and fibronectin. Following irradiation with any of the examined doses, a decrease of marker gene expression levels was observed for most of the investigated genes, revealing interindividual differences. Primary human alveolar osteoblasts presented a considerably changed phenotype after irradiation, depending on the dose administered. Mechanisms for these findings need to be further investigated. This could facilitate improved patient care by re-evaluating current standard procedures and investigating faster and safer reconstruction concepts, thus improving quality of life and social integrity.
Heterozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex predicts later self-reported pubertal maturation in men
Authors: Arnocky Steven , Hodges-Simeon Carolyn , Davis Adam C. , Desmarais Riley , Greenshields Anna , Liwski Robert , Quillen Ellen E. , Cardenas Rodrigo , Breedlove S. Marc , Puts David
Published: October 2021

Individual variation in the age of pubertal onset is linked to physical and mental health, yet the factors underlying this variation are poorly understood. Life history theory predicts that individuals at higher risk of mortality due to extrinsic causes such as infectious disease should sexually mature and reproduce earlier, whereas those at lower risk can delay puberty and continue to invest resources in somatic growth. We examined relationships between a genetic predictor of infectious disease resistance, heterozygosity of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), referred to as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene in humans, and self-reported pubertal timing. In a combined sample of men from Canada (n = 137) and the United States (n = 43), MHC heterozygosity predicted later self-reported pubertal development. These findings suggest a genetic trade-off between immunocompetence and sexual maturation in human males.
Maintenance of prior behaviour can enhance cultural selection
Authors: Walker Bradley , Segovia Martín José , Tamariz Monica , Fay Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Many cultural phenomena evolve through a Darwinian process whereby adaptive variants are selected and spread at the expense of competing variants. While cultural evolutionary theory emphasises the importance of social learning to this process, experimental studies indicate that people’s dominant response is to maintain their prior behaviour. In addition, while payoff-biased learning is crucial to Darwinian cultural evolution, learner behaviour is not always guided by variant payoffs. Here, we use agent-based modelling to investigate the role of maintenance in Darwinian cultural evolution. We vary the degree to which learner behaviour is payoff-biased (i.e., based on critical evaluation of variant payoffs), and compare three uncritical (non-payoff-biased) strategies that are used alongside payoff-biased learning: copying others, innovating new variants, and maintaining prior variants. In line with previous research, we show that some level of payoff-biased learning is crucial for populations to converge on adaptive cultural variants. Importantly, when combined with payoff-biased learning, uncritical maintenance leads to stronger population-level adaptation than uncritical copying or innovation, highlighting the importance of maintenance to cultural selection. This advantage of maintenance as a default learning strategy may help explain why it is a common human behaviour.
Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Nakabayashi Miyabi , Kanamori Tomoko , Matsukawa Aoi , Tangah Joseph , Tuuga Augustine , Malim Peter T. , Bernard Henry , Ahmad Abdul Hamid , Matsuda Ikki , Hanya Goro
Published: October 2021

To propose proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanisms of sympatric carnivore species, we assessed temporal activity patterns of the sympatric carnivore species using 37,379 photos collected for more than 3 years at three study sites in Borneo. We categorized activity patterns of nine carnivore species (one bear, three civets, two felids, one skunk, one mustelid, one linsang) by calculating the photo-capturing proportions at each time period (day, night, twilight). We then evaluated temporal activity overlaps by calculating the overlap coefficients. We identified six nocturnal (three civets, one felid, one skunk, one linsang), two diurnal (one felid, one mustelid), and one cathemeral (bear) species. Temporal activity overlaps were high among the nocturnal species. The two felid species possessing morphological and ecological similarities exhibited clear temporal niche segregation, but the three civet species with similar morphology and ecology did not. Broad dietary breadth may compensate for the high temporal niche overlaps among the nocturnal species. Despite the high species richness of Bornean carnivores, almost half are threatened with extinction. By comparing individual radio-tracking and our data, we propose that a long-term study of at least 2 or 3 years is necessary to understand animals’ temporal activity patterns, especially for sun bears and civets, by camera-trapping and to establish effective protection measures.
Survival and recurrence with or without axillary dissection in patients with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis
Authors: Sanvido Vanessa Monteiro , Elias Simone , Facina Gil , Bromberg Silvio Eduardo , Nazário Afonso Celso Pinto
Published: October 2021

To evaluate overall survival and locoregional recurrence between patients with invasive breast tumours and sentinel node metastasis undergoing sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) alone and those undergoing complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with invasive breast carcinoma who underwent lumpectomy at a public university hospital in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. We evaluated the overall survival and the locoregional recurrence using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, respectively. Overall, 97 participants who underwent lumpectomy were enroled; 41 in the ALND group, and 56 in the SLND group, according to Z0011 criteria. Only 17% of the patients in the ALND group had an additional biopsy-proven axillary disease, and 83% were treated with complete dissection unnecessarily. The 5-year survival rates were 80.1% and 87.5% for SLND and ALND, respectively (p = 0.376). Locoregional recurrence was rare (1.7% and 7.3% in the SLND and ALND, respectively; p = 0.3075). Overall survival and locoregional recurrence were similar between the two groups. The de-escalation of ALND to SLND in women with metastasis in the sentinel lymph node treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy that meet the Z0011 criteria is feasible even in developing countries.
Centromere size scales with genome size across Eukaryotes
Authors: Plačková Klára , Bureš Petr , Zedek František
Published: October 2021

Previous studies on grass species suggested that the total centromere size (sum of all centromere sizes in a cell) may be determined by the genome size, possibly because stable scaling is important for proper cell division. However, it is unclear whether this relationship is universal. Here we analyze the total centromere size using the CenH3-immunofluorescence area as a proxy in 130 taxa including plants, animals, fungi, and protists. We verified the reliability of our methodological approach by comparing our measurements with available ChIP-seq-based measurements of the size of CenH3-binding domains. Data based on these two independent methods showed the same positive relationship between the total centromere size and genome size. Our results demonstrate that the genome size is a strong predictor (R-squared = 0.964) of the total centromere size universally across Eukaryotes. We also show that this relationship is independent of phylogenetic relatedness and centromere type (monocentric, metapolycentric, and holocentric), implying a common mechanism maintaining stable total centromere size in Eukaryotes.
Drug repositioning by merging active subnetworks validated in cancer and COVID-19
Authors: Lucchetta Marta , Pellegrini Marco
Published: October 2021

Computational drug repositioning aims at ranking and selecting existing drugs for novel diseases or novel use in old diseases. In silico drug screening has the potential for speeding up considerably the shortlisting of promising candidates in response to outbreaks of diseases such as COVID-19 for which no satisfactory cure has yet been found. We describe DrugMerge as a methodology for preclinical computational drug repositioning based on merging multiple drug rankings obtained with an ensemble of disease active subnetworks. DrugMerge uses differential transcriptomic data on drugs and diseases in the context of a large gene co-expression network. Experiments with four benchmark diseases demonstrate that our method detects in first position drugs in clinical use for the specified disease, in all four cases. Application of DrugMerge to COVID-19 found rankings with many drugs currently in clinical trials for COVID-19 in top positions, thus showing that DrugMerge can mimic human expert judgment.
A systematic analysis of genetic interactions and their underlying biology in childhood cancer
Authors: Daub Josephine T. , Amini Saman , Kersjes Denise J. E. , Ma Xiaotu , Jäger Natalie , Zhang Jinghui , Pfister Stefan M. , Holstege Frank C. P. , Kemmeren Patrick
Published: October 2021

Childhood cancer is a major cause of child death in developed countries. Genetic interactions between mutated genes play an important role in cancer development. They can be detected by searching for pairs of mutated genes that co-occur more (or less) often than expected. Co-occurrence suggests a cooperative role in cancer development, while mutual exclusivity points to synthetic lethality, a phenomenon of interest in cancer treatment research. Little is known about genetic interactions in childhood cancer. We apply a statistical pipeline to detect genetic interactions in a combined dataset comprising over 2,500 tumors from 23 cancer types. The resulting genetic interaction map of childhood cancers comprises 15 co-occurring and 27 mutually exclusive candidates. The biological explanation of most candidates points to either tumor subtype, pathway epistasis or cooperation while synthetic lethality plays a much smaller role. Thus, other explanations beyond synthetic lethality should be considered when interpreting genetic interaction test results.
Two-point immobilization of a conformation-specific beta2-adrenoceptor for recognizing the receptor agonists or antagonists inspired by binding-induced DNA assembly
Authors: Gao Juan , Yuan Xinyi , Zheng Xinxin , Zhao Xue , Wang Taotao , Liang Qi , Xiao Chaoni , Wang Jing , Li Qian , Zhao Xinfeng
Published: October 2021

We realized the stable immobilization of a conformation-specific β2-AR via a His-tag and specific aptamer traps. The immobilized β2-AR was used to screen the lead compounds in a complex system that has agonistic activity to the receptor.
Recent advancements in peripheral nerve-specific fluorescent compounds
Authors: Wei Bo , Su Huo , Chen Pei , Tan Hai-long , Li Ning , Qin Zi-en , Huang Peng , Chang Shi
Published: October 2021

By specifically binding to laminins in nerve fibers or MBP on myelin, nerve-specific fluorescent agents serve as nerve markers, which can be used to guide surgical procedures and reduce the incidence of intraoperative nerve damage.
Transforming de novo protein α3D into a mechanically stable protein by zinc binding
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Nie Jingyuan , Shi Shengcao , Li Guoqiang , Zheng Peng
Published: October 2021

AFM-SMFS identifies that α3D can be transformed to a mechanically stable protein upon zinc binding.
A yellow-emitting carbon quantum dot-based fluorescent logic gate for the continuous detection of Au3+ and biothiols
Authors: Xu Hui , Liu Xuerui , Wang Ruru , Gao Shanmin , Hou Faju , Liang Kaiyi , Luo Shihua
Published: October 2021

Y-CQDs were synthesized via a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method and applied to the continuous detection of Au3+ and biothiols.
Multifunctional rare earth molecular ferroelectrics with a piezoelectric response: ((nBu)4N)3[Ce(NO3)4(SCN)2]((CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N = tetrabutylammonium)
Authors: Ying Tingting , Tan Yuhui , Tang Yunzhi , Long Xiao , Song Ning , Li Yukong , Sun Zhen
Published: October 2021

A new type of multipolar rare earth molecular ferroelectric: ((nBu)4N)3[Ce(NO3)4(SCN)2] (BuCH3CH2CH2CH2)4N), undergoes a high-temperature ferroelectric phase transition, possesses flexible switchable SHG effect, moderate spontaneous polarization and a narrow band gap.
Electrostatic profiling of photosynthetic pigments: implications for directed spectral tuning
Authors: Sirohiwal Abhishek , Pantazis Dimitrios A.
Published: October 2021

The difference in electrostatic potentials between the ground and first excited states reveal distinct principles for protein-induced spectral tuning in eight principal photosynthetic pigments.
Prediction of an Al4C4 superatom organic framework (SOF) material based on the superatom network model
Authors: Yi Jiuqi , Gong Bingbing , Xu Chang , Zhang Wenhua , Cheng Longjiu
Published: October 2021

The AlC4 superatom organic framework (SOF) is theoretically designed by using superatoms (nodes) and organic ligands (linkers). This SOF material has the porous framework as traditional MOFs, in which the nodes keep superatomic shells.
Ellipticity controlled dissociative double ionization of ethane by strong fields
Authors: Basnayake Gihan , Hoerner Paul , Mignolet Benoit , Lee Mi Kyung , Lin Yun Fei , Winney Alexander H. , Debrah Duke A. , Popaj Leon , Shi Xuetao , Lee Suk Kyoung , Schlegel H. Bernhard , Remacle Francoise , Li Wen
Published: October 2021

The ellipticity of a laser can control the dissociation pathways of ethane dications produced by strong fields.
Homochiral to heterochiral transition in a pentahelicene monolayer on Bi(111)
Authors: Xia Jing-Xiang , Li Zuo , Han Qing , Wan Jia-Jie , Shi Ming-Xia , Tao Min-Long , Sun Kai , Wang Jun-Zhong
Published: October 2021

Undirectional ordering of the heterochiral trimeres.
The CRISPR–Cas toolbox for analytical and diagnostic assay development
Authors: Tang Yanan , Gao Lu , Feng Wei , Guo Chen , Yang Qianfan , Li Feng , Le X. Chris
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive review that offers mechanistic insight into the CRISPR–Cas toolbox for analytical and diagnostic assay development.
Aerosol dynamics modeling of sub-500 nm particles during the HOMEChem study
Authors: Patel Sameer , Rim Donghyun , Sankhyan Sumit , Novoselac Atila , Vance Marina E.
Published: October 2021

Application of an aerosol dynamics model to estimate emission rates and fates of sub-500 nm particles in a test house.
Impacts of particle surface heterogeneity on the deposition of colloids on flat surfaces
Authors: Delon Thompson , Parsai Tanushree , Kilic Ufuk , Schubert Mathias , Morin Stephen A. , Li Yusong
Published: October 2021

Schematic diagram of Janus particle synthesis and molecular structure of a single Janus particle.
Facile synthesis of hemiacetal ester-based dynamic covalent polymer networks combining fast reprocessability and high performance
Authors: Feng Hongzhi , Ma Songqi , Xu Xiwei , Li Qiong , Wang Binbo , Lu Na , Li Pengyun , Wang Sheng , Yu Zhen , Zhu Jin
Published: October 2021

A facile method was developed to produce hemiacetal ester DCPNs combining fast reprocessability and high performance.
Synthesis of covalent organic frameworks using sustainable solvents and machine learning
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Ignacz Gergo , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: October 2021

Covalent organic frameworks have been prepared in sustainable solvents by a solvothermal method, and their porosity and crystallinity were predicted using QSPR and machine learning approaches.
A hydrogen evolution system based on hybrid nanogel films with capabilities of spontaneous moisture collection and high light harvesting
Authors: Hu Neng , Wang Weijia , Lei Lin , Fan Huiqing , Tan Yeqiang , Yuan Hua , Mao Zhengwei , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Zhong Qi
Published: October 2021

A novel hydrogen evolution system based on hybrid nanogel films was successfully prepared with capabilities of spontaneous moisture collection and high light harvesting.
CeO2/CuO/3DOM SiO2 catalysts with very high efficiency and stability for CO oxidation
Authors: Miao Chao , Zhang Lingling , Xie Weimin , Liang Lixing , Chen Shumei , Zhang Yi , Ouyang Jing
Published: October 2021

0.5CeO2/0.25CuO/3DOM SiO2 show very high CO oxidation activity up to 100% at 160 °C and excellent stability up to 12 h in the range 160 °C–240 °C, thanks to the increased active oxygen sites created by the synergistic effect between Cu2+ and Ce3+.
Coordinationversusspodium bonds in dinuclear Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) complexes with a dithiophosphate ligand
Authors: Kumar Pretam , Frontera Antonio , Pandey Sushil K.
Published: October 2021

Two new d10-metal dithiophosphate complexes have been synthesized in purely aqueous media and characterized by elemental and spectral analyses. DFT calculations, QTAIM and NCI Plot index methods are preformed to differentiate the coordination and spodium bonds in the complexes.
Rational fabrication of a two-photon responsive metal–organic framework for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Yao Xin , Pei Xinxin , Li Bo , Lv Mengqi , Zhang Wen , Ni Bo , Zhang Qiong , Tian Yupeng , Xu Changzhi , Li Dandan
Published: October 2021

ZnL1@MOF-199@FA can respond to the microenvironment of cancer cells, realizing chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and enhanced two-photon-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Correction: Formononetin in Radix Hedysari extract-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of ferrous ions in tap water
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Ji Jiahui , Shi Gengen , Xue Zhiyuan , Zhou Xianglin , Zhao Lianggong , Feng Shilan
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Formononetin in Radix Hedysari extract-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles for colorimetric detection of ferrous ions in tap water’ by Xinyue Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 32897–32905, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA05660J.
The dynamics of freestanding films: predictions for poly(2-chlorostyrene) based on bulk pressure dependence and thoughtful sample averaging
Authors: White Ronald P. , Lipson Jane E. G.
Published: October 2021

We model the segmental relaxation in poly(2-chlorostyrene) 18 nm freestanding films, using only data on bulk samples to characterize the system, and predict film relaxation times that are in semi-quantitative agreement with film data.
Rational design of boron-containing co-doped graphene as highly efficient electro-catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Ouyang Wencheng , Zhi Qiuming , Gong Lele , Sun Hao , Liu Minghui , Zhang Jing , Han Xiao , Xia Zhenhai , Zhang Lipeng
Published: October 2021

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions has been proposed as a sustainable alternative for nitrogen fixation and ammonia production in environmental and renewable energy fields.
Novel N-Black In2O3−x/InVO4 heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic fixation: synergistic effect of exposed (321) facet and oxygen vacancy
Authors: Ye Jin , Xu Jiating , Li Chunsheng , Tian Di , Zhao Xiaohan , Wang Qiang , Lv Wubin , Wang Jun , Xie Haijiao , Li Yudong , Liu Zhiguo , Fu Yujie
Published: October 2021

A novel N-Black In2O3−x/InVO4 catalyst was designed by coupling InVO4 nanosheets into defect-rich N-Black In2O3−x nanorods to construct multiple heterojunctions using the NH2-MIL-68(In) as a template for efficient photocatalytic N2 fixation.
Self-adhesive hydrogels for tissue engineering
Authors: Yi Yating , Xie Chaoming , Liu Jin , Zheng Yonghao , Wang Jun , Lu Xiong
Published: October 2021

This review highlights the design and processing strategies of self-adhesive hydrogels, clarifies underlying adhesive mechanisms, and discusses their applications in tissue engineering, as well as future challenges.
Correction: Poly(acrylic acid)-mediated synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles with variable oxidation states and their effect on regulating the intracellular ROS level
Authors: Ju Xiaohui , Kalbacova Marie Hubalek , Šmíd Břetislav , Johánek Viktor , Janata Martin , Dinhová Thu Ngan , Bělinová Tereza , Mazur Michal , Vorokhta Maryna , Strnad Ladislav
Published: October 2021

Correction for ‘Poly(acrylic acid)-mediated synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles with variable oxidation states and their effect on regulating the intracellular ROS level’ by Xiaohui Ju et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, 9, 7386–7400, DOI: 10.1039/D1TB00706H.
The BRCA1/BARD1 ubiquitin ligase and its substrates
Authors: Witus Samuel R. , Stewart Mikaela D. , Klevit Rachel E.
Published: October 2021

Mutations in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its heterodimeric binding partner BARD1 confer a high risk for the development of breast and ovarian cancers. The sole enzymatic function of the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is as a RING-type E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, leading to the deposition of Ub signals onto a variety of substrate proteins. Distinct types of Ub signals deposited by BRCA1/BARD1 (i.e. degradative vs. non-degradative; mono-Ub vs. poly-Ub chains) on substrate proteins mediate aspects of its function in DNA double-stranded break repair, cell-cycle regulation, and transcriptional regulation. While cancer-predisposing mutations in both subunits lead to the inactivation of BRCA1/BARD1 ligase activity, controversy remains as to whether its Ub ligase activity directly inhibits tumorigenesis. Investigation of BRCA1/BARD1 substrates using rigorous, well-validated mutants and experimental systems will ultimately clarify the role of its ligase activity in cancer and possibly establish prognostic and diagnostic metrics for patients with mutations. In this review, we discuss the Ub ligase function of BRCA1/BARD1, highlighting experimental approaches, mechanistic considerations, and reagents that are useful in the study of substrate ubiquitylation. We also discuss the current understanding of two well-established BRCA1/BARD1 substrates (nucleosomal H2A and estrogen receptor α) and several recently discovered substrates (p50, NF2, Oct1, and LARP7). Lessons from the current body of work should provide a road map to researchers examining novel substrates and biological functions attributed to BRCA1/BARD1 Ub ligase activity.
Eléments de prise de décision thérapeutique, en cas d’asymétrie. 2e partie : les asymétries avec symptômes de DTM
Authors: Saulue Paul , Palla Sandro , Laluque Jean-François , Michelotti Ambra , Maniere-Ezvan Armelle , Fougeront Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Il est important pour les orthodontistes, selon les recommandations internationales, de dépister les patients à risque de dysfonctionnements temporomandibulaires (DTM). Plusieurs questions se posent : quel patient est à risque ? Quel patient dépister ? Que doit dépister l’orthodontiste ? La littérature montre que l’occlusion a un rôle étiologique insignifiant; mais cependant, certains patients peuvent présenter des difficultés à s’adapter aux modifications occlusales. Ceci peut être lié à des facteurs comme l’hypervigilance, la somatisation, l’amplification sensorielle, une mauvaise attribution de stimuli normaux comme causes de maladie ainsi que des conditions biopsychosociales défavorables, lesquels doivent tous être évalués en préalable. En cas de présence de DTM, sa prise en charge est à envisager avant un traitement orthodontique. La correction orthodontique des asymétries est décidée après ce bilan initial et en accord avec le patient sur ses besoins réels, les bénéfices attendus et les résultats fonctionnel et esthétique espérés.
Hypoglykämie+Septum pellucidum-Agenesie = septo-optische Dysplasie!
Authors: Fröschle Glenn M.C. , Ebenebe Chinedu U. , Herrmann Jochen , Denecke Jonas , Singer Dominique , Dabek Martin
Published: October 2021

Fallpräsentation

Beschrieben wird ein reifes männliches Neugeborenes nach 40+3 Gestationswochen mit einem Geburtsgewicht von 3288 g (19. Perz.), einer Länge 54 cm (71. Perz.) und einem Kopfumfang von 37cm (84. Perz.). Die 25-jährige Mutter war 1.-Gravida/1.-Para mit unauffälliger Schwangerschafts- und Familienanamnese. Die Geburt erfolgte durch sekundäre Sectio aus vollkommener Steißfußlage mit einfacher Nabelschnurumschlingung um den Hals. Postnatal zeigte sich eine respiratorische Anpassungsstörung mit initialem Ventilations- und anschließendem CPAP-Bedarf bis zur 10. Lebensminute. Der APGAR-Score betrug 05/07/09, der Nabelschnur-pH-Wert 7,30; weiterhin bestand eine grenzwertige Hypoglykämie von 44 mg/dl.
Evaluation von Charakteristika und Management von Influenzapatienten
in Bezug auf die STIKO Impfempfehlung während der Saison
2017/2018
Authors: Mutlak Haitham , Wicker Sabine , Behrend David , Rabenau Holger F. , Piekarski Florian , Zacharowski Kai , Raimann Florian Jürgen
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Saisonal erkranken eine Vielzahl von Patienten an einer
Influenza mit teilweise schweren Verläufen. Die Influenzasaison
2017/2018 war in Deutschland mit über 346 000
labordiagnostisch bestätigten Fälle durch eine hohe Fallzahl und
darüber hinaus auch durch eine hohe Hospitalisierungsrate mit zum Teil
schwersten klinischen Verläufen, insbesondere auch in der Gruppe der
Patienten<60 Jahren, gekennzeichnet.

Ziel der Arbeit Untersuchung der Hypothese, dass Patienten die nicht unter
die Impfempfehlungen der STIKO fallen in der Saison 2017/2018 besonders
schwere Verläufe bzw. eine Intensivbehandlungsinzidenz aufweisen sowie
ob sich hieraus eine Anpassung der Impfempfehlungen ableiten lässt.

Materialien und Methoden Alle laborchemisch bestätigten
Influenzapatienten am Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt wurden im Hinblick
auf den primären Endpunkte retrospektiv analysiert. Als
sekundäre Endpunkte wurden demographische Daten, Dauer des
Krankenhausaufenthaltes, Vorerkrankungen, Intensivtherapie und deren Dauer,
medikamentöse Therapie sowie Sterblichkeit definiert.

Ergebnisse 51 von 303 Patienten (16,8%) benötigten eine
intensivmedizinische Behandlung. Von diesen 51 gehörten 46 Patienten
(90,2%) zur Gruppe, die nach STIKO Empfehlung eine Indikation zur
Impfung aufwiesen, 5 Patienten (9,8%) gehörten nicht in diese
Gruppe (p=0,434). Von den 51 Intensivpatienten verstarben 16
(31,4%). Bei allen Verstorbenen bestand eine Impfempfehlung
(p=0,120).

Schlussfolgerungen Während der Influenzasaison 17/18
traten schwerere Verläufe bei Patienten mit und ohne Impfempfehlung
gemäß STIKO auf. Todesfälle waren nur in der Gruppe der
Patienten mit Empfehlung zu verzeichnen. Eine notwendige Anpassung der Vorgaben
der STIKO Empfehlungen lässt sich aus der vorliegenden Untersuchung
nicht ableiten.
The benefits of exposing post-secondary students to entrepreneurship training in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Mack Abede Jawara , White Daniel , Senghor Osiris
Published: October 2021

Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) serves as a pillar for economic stability globally. Entrepreneurship education provides young people with essential skills that can be used in a positive manner, thus enabling them to be employers rather than employees. Marrying TVET and entrepreneurship education can help Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) in tremendous ways. These two subjects TVET and entrepreneurship can lift T&T to global prestige. Given this context, the study explored the benefits of exposing Post-Secondary TVET students to entrepreneurial training. An investigation was carried out using a mix-methods approach. The use of regression analysis and Spearman’s Correlation Analysis were used that determine the relationship between exposing Post-Secondary Technical Vocational Education and Training Students (PSTVETS) to entrepreneurship education and their interest in entrepreneurial training. Additionally, qualitative data was incorporated by utilising content analysis, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The data revealed there was an absence of entrepreneurship education. Upon further investigation there was no real entrepreneurship culture or framework implemented within the PS schools. The results also showed the more students are exposed to entrepreneurship education more they are inclined to pursue entrepreneurship endeavours. Data also allowed the reader to grasped copious challenges experienced within TVET in T&T, that impacts on entrepreneurial training within post-secondary institutions in T&T. The researchers put forward an entrepreneurship education model that can be incorporated in the training of post-secondary schools. Additionally a strategy was articulated as to how entrepreneurship education can be adopted within the training of post-secondary institutions. Providing an adequate framework for entrepreneurial training within entrepreneurship education, and TVET provides originality and contribution to the field of TVET and entrepreneurship education.
Topological field theory on r-spin surfaces and the Arf-invariant
Authors: Runkel Ingo , Szegedy Lóránt
Published: October 2021

We give a combinatorial model for r-spin surfaces with parameterized boundary based on Novak (“Lattice topological field theories in two dimensions,” Ph.D. thesis, Universität Hamburg, 2015). The r-spin structure is encoded in terms of Zr-valued indices assigned to the edges of a polygonal decomposition. This combinatorial model is designed for our state-sum construction of two-dimensional topological field theories on r-spin surfaces. We show that an example of such a topological field theory computes the Arf-invariant of an r-spin surface as introduced by Randal-Williams [J. Topol. 7, 155 (2014)] and Geiges et al. [Osaka J. Math. 49, 449 (2012)]. This implies, in particular, that the r-spin Arf-invariant is constant on orbits of the mapping class group, providing an alternative proof of that fact.
Double-peaked resonance in harmonic-free acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Jung Adi , Macri Dorotea , Margueron Samuel , Bartasyte Ausrine , Salahuddin Sayeef
Published: October 2021

The resonant interaction between surface acoustic waves and ferromagnetic thin films, a phenomenon known as acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR), provides a way to control magnetic resonance with purely voltage excitation. However, devices have historically been operated at harmonic frequencies, leading to large insertion losses. In this work, we demonstrate a harmonic-free drive of ADFMR devices where the strain reaches very high values, comparable to the saturation magnetostriction of the magnetic element. The acoustic energy transfer is highly efficient and reaches almost 99.9%. Furthermore, we report the presence of multiple absorption maxima across the range of applied magnetic fields, a property not previously observed in the literature.
Investigating sweep effects on the stability of leading-edge vortices over finite-aspect ratio pitch-up wings
Authors: Zangeneh Rozie
Published: October 2021

The flow field around a finite-span flat wing in pitch motion is modeled by means of large-eddy simulation. The effect of moderate sweep angles on the stability of the leading-edge vortex (LEV) is investigated. The relative stability of LEVs on flapping profiles can be improved by moderating LEV growth through spanwise vorticity convection and vortex stretching. The LEV growth over an unswept wing and two sweep angles, namely, Λ=15°; 30°, is studied by investigating the spanwise flow. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental data, establishing confidence in the approach. Results show that sweeping the wing profile increases not only the scale of the secondary vortices but also expedites the initiation of the vortices at lower angles of attack. For the sweep angle of Λ=30°, increasing the angle of attack is associated with annihilation of vorticity and thereby limits the vortex growth as a necessary condition for LEV stability. Analysis shows that increasing the sweep angle results in a higher circulation intensity, especially in the inner region of the wing, and significant spanwise flow is observed through the vortex core. The pattern of vorticity remains stable and attached to the surface as the angle of attack continues to grow for the swept wing, while the patterns of vorticity depart the wing surface for the unswept wing. It is suspected that sweeping the wing can control the scale of the vortex by introducing a substantial vortex stretching.
Targeted particle delivery via vortex ring reconnection
Authors: Mouallem Joseph , Daryan Hamid , Wawryk Joshua , Pan Zhao , Hickey Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2021

A conceptual model for targeted particle delivery is proposed using controlled vortex ring reconnection. Entrained particles can be efficiently transported within the core of vortex rings which advect via self-induction. A pair of these particle-transporting vortex rings traveling in the streamwise direction along parallel trajectories will mutually interact, resulting in a pair of vortex reconnection events. The reconnection causes a topological change to the vortex ring which is accompanied by a rapid repulsion in a perpendicular plane to the direction of travel, effectively transporting the particles toward the desired location on the sidewalls of a ducted flow. In addition to proposing this conceptual model, we show the dominant physics of the process and the considerations for targeted delivery.
Multiparameter persistent homology landscapes identify immune cell spatial patterns in tumors
Authors: Vipond Oliver , Bull Joshua A. , Macklin Philip S. , Tillmann Ulrike , Pugh Christopher W. , Byrne Helen M. , Harrington Heather A.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Quantifying and comparing complex spatial biological datasets is crucial for medical applications and remains an active area of research. As datasets become more heterogeneous and complicated, so must the methods that are used to understand them. Multiparameter topology is built upon the assumption that the shape of data depends on multiple parameters, such as scale, outliers, or other parameters (e.g., cell density and oxygen levels in the case of tumors). A key difficulty encountered in multiparameter persistent homology (MPH) is interpreting and comparing data. The present work uses statistical MPH landscapes to overcome this difficulty and quantifies differences in synthetic data of immune cell infiltration as well as clinical tumor histology data of T cells, macrophages, and hypoxia.
T6SS translocates a micropeptide to suppress STING-mediated innate immunity by sequestering manganese
Authors: Zhu Lingfang , Xu Lei , Wang Chenguang , Li Changfu , Li Mengyuan , Liu Qinmeng , Wang Xiao , Yang Wenhui , Pan Damin , Hu Lingfei , Yang Yadong , Lu Zhiqiang , Wang Yao , Zhou Dongsheng , Jiang Zhengfan , Shen Xihui
Published: October 2021

Significance

Although emerging evidence suggests that the STING-mediated immune response pathway plays a crucial role in microbial pathogen infection, few bacterial effectors have been reported to target this pathway. Here, we identified a T6SS-secreted micropeptide, TssS, which is crucial for the pathogenesis of
Yptb
. Distinct from traditional bacterial effectors that target host proteins or other macromolecules, TssS inhibits STING oligomerization and downstream signaling pathways by chelating Mn
2+
. Thus, TssS mediates a previously unrecognized immune evasion mechanism by modulating the availability of immunostimulatory Mn
2+
in host cells. This finding reveals a strategy to modulate the STING pathway by microbial pathogens, provides a new perspective on the role of T6SS in pathogenesis, and highlights the importance of micropeptides in pathogen–host interactions.
Testing the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail via auditory lexical decision
Authors: Lohmann Arne , Tucker Benjamin V.
Published: October 2021

This article reports the results of an auditory lexical decision task, testing the processing of phonetic detail of English noun/verb conversion pairs. The article builds on recent findings showing that the frequent occurrence in certain prosodic environments may lead to the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail as part of the lexical representation. To investigate this question with noun/verb conversion pairs, ambicategorical stimuli were used that exhibit systematic occurrence differences with regard to prosodic environment, as indicated by either a strong verb-bias, e.g., talk (N/V) or a strong noun-bias, e.g., voice (N/V). The auditory lexical decision task tests whether acoustic properties reflecting either the typical or the atypical prosodic environment impact the processing of recordings of the stimuli. In doing so assumptions about the storage of prosody-induced phonetic detail are tested that distinguish competing model architectures. The results are most straightforwardly accounted for within an abstractionist architecture, in which the acoustic signal is mapped onto a representation that is based on the canonical pronunciation of the word.
Contributions of declarative memory and prior knowledge to incidental L2 vocabulary learning
Authors: Murphy Josiah , Miller Ryan T. , Hamrick Phillip
Published: October 2021

The bulk of second language (L2) vocabulary learning happens incidentally through reading (Rott, 2007; Webb, 2008), but individual differences, such as
prior knowledge, modulate the efficacy of such incidental learning. One individual difference that is strongly predicted to play a
role in L2 vocabulary is declarative memory ability; however, links between these two abilities have not been explored (Hamrick, Lum, & Ullman, 2018). This study considered declarative memory in conjunction with varying degrees of prior knowledge, since declarative memory may serve a compensatory function (Ullman & Pullman, 2015). L2 Spanish learners completed measures of prior Spanish
vocabulary knowledge, declarative memory ability, and incidental L2 vocabulary learning. The results suggest that better
declarative memory predicts better immediate learning in general and better vocabulary retention two days later, but only for
those with more prior knowledge, consistent with the Matthew Effect previously reported in the literature (Stanovich, 1986).
Phonetic reduction and paradigm uniformity effects in spontaneous speech
Authors: Engemann Marie , Plag Ingo
Published: October 2021

Recent work on the acoustic properties of complex words has found that morphological information may influence the phonetic properties of words, e.g. acoustic duration. Paradigm uniformity has been proposed as one mechanism that may cause such effects. In a recent experimental studySeyfarth et al. (2017)found that the stems of English inflected words (e.g.frees) have a longer duration than the same string of segments in a homophonous mono-morphemic word (e.g.freeze), due to the co-activation of the longer articulatory gesture of the bare stem (e.g.free). However, not all effects predicted by paradigm uniformity were found in that study, and the role of frequency-related phonetic reduction remained inconclusive. The present paper tries to replicate the effect using conversational speech data from a different variety of English (i.e. New Zealand English), using the QuakeBox Corpus (Walsh et al. 2013). In the presence of word-form frequency as a predictor, stems of plurals were not found to be significantly longer than the corresponding strings of comparable non-complex words. The analysis revealed, however, a frequency-induced gradient paradigm uniformity effect: plural stems become shorter with increasing frequency of the bare stem.
On-site comparison of Quantum Hall Effect resistance standards of the NMC A*STAR and the BIPM: Ongoing key comparison BIPM.EM-K12
Authors: Gournay Pierre , Rolland Benjamin , Chua Sze Wey , Lim Kuang Hoong , Tan Boon Teck Eddie
Published: October 2021

Main text

The ongoing on-site comparison BIPM.EM-K12 is part of the BIPM programme implemented to verify the international coherence of the primary resistance standards. It allows National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) to validate their implementations of the Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) for dc resistance traceability by comparison to the reference maintained at the BIPM.

The realization of the ohm from the QHE-based standard of the NMIs at 100 Ω is compared with that realized by the BIPM from its own transportable quantum Hall resistance standard. This comparison is usually completed by scaling measurements from 100 Ω to 1 Ω and 10 kΩ through the measurement of the resistance ratios 100 Ω/1 Ω and 10 kΩ/100 Ω, respectively.

In March 2019, a new BIPM.EM-K12 on-site comparison was carried out at the National Metrology Centre, NMC A*STAR (Singapore). It was the first time the NMC A*STAR participated in this comparison programme.

Only the measurement results of the 100 Ω based on the quantum Hall effect and of the 10 kΩ/100 Ω ratio are presented in the report. The reason why the results of the 100 Ω/1 Ω ratio were not included is explained in the introduction of the report.

Measurements of the 100 Ω transfer standard in terms of the SI value of the von Klitzing constant, R
K, agreed to 1.6 parts in 109 with a relative combined standard uncertainty u
c = 3.3 × 10−9. Measurements of 10 kΩ/100 Ω ratio agreed to 2.0 parts in 109 with u
c = 2.8 × 10−9.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Power enhancement of MEMS vibrational electrostatic energy harvester by stray capacitance reduction
Authors: Honma Hiroaki , Tohyama Yukiya , Mitsuya Hiroyuki , Hashiguchi Gen , Fujita Hiroyuki , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

We report a design method to enhance the output power of vibrational microelectromechanical system (MEMS) electrostatic energy harvesters by reducing the reactive power that does not contribute to the net output. The mechanism of enhancing the active current while reducing the reactive current is analytically studied using an equivalent circuit model of electret-based velocity-damped resonant-generator. Reduction of the internal parasitic capacitance associated to the contact pads and electrical interconnections significantly improves the power factor and increases the deliverable power. The design strategy is applied to an actual device that produces 1.3 mW from the vibrations of 0.65 G (1 G = 9.8 m s−2) at 158 Hz, suggesting a 2.9-fold enhancement of output power by increasing the buried oxide layer thickness from 1 µm to 3 µm.
Scaling violation in interaction of cosmic ray hadrons and the nature of the 3 PeV knee in the spectrum of primary cosmic rays
Authors: Shaulov S B , Vil’danova L I , Kupriyanova E A , Ryabov V A , Shepetov A L
Published: October 2021

Energy spectra of the most energetic hadrons in the core region of extensive air showers (EASs) were studied in dependence on the EAS energy E
0 in the hybrid experiment HADRON at the Tien Shan mountain cosmic ray station. For the first time by direct measurement it was found in this experiment that the slope of the power energy spectrum of EAS hadrons diminishes itself locally, and the average hadron energy, correspondingly, increases between the E
0 borders 3 PeV and 20 PeV. Such behavior agrees with threshold appearance in EAS, in the same energy range, of a long-flying penetrative component which was earlier revealed at the Tien Shan station. Now we reconsider this Tien Shan result in comparison with the new data of modern collider experiments. The analysis permits to state unambiguously an astrophysical nature of the penetrative EAS component, and to discuss its probable connection with the origin of the famous knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays at E
0 ≃ 3 PeV.
An enhanced flexoelectric dielectric elastomer actuator with stretchable electret
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Shao Shubao , Yang Xuxu , Chen Peijian , Ji Hui , Liu Kaiyuan , Wu Tonghui , Shen Shengping , Xu Minglong
Published: October 2021

Actuation has been applied with dielectric elastomers (DE) in soft robotics and bio-mimic devices due to their ultra-large deformation range, easy patterning, light weight, and they are highly expected for high electro-mechanical efficiency and low stimulating power. Flexoelectricity describes the strain gradient-induced electric polarization, which is strongly related to geometry and deformation ranges. The electro-mechanical coupling effect with flexoelectricity in elastomeric materials are then highly expected. In this work, elastic modulus gradient of a DE actuator is designed for bending motion by flexoelectricity, and electric charge is inserted and immobilized inside the material to further enhance the electro-mechanical capability. Elastic modulus gradient is designed, and electric charges are immobilized to enlarge the electro-mechanical coupling efficiencies of this flexoelectric actuator. The bending angle of the actuator is inversely proportional to the cube of general thickness of actuator, and the immobilized electric charge extensively enlarged the actuation capability. With elastic modulus gradient and electret, the actuating bending angle is enlarged with low stimulating voltage. This work provides an enhanced flexoelectric actuating method with material and mechanical design, and highlights low-voltage actuating approach with piezoelectric-like effect of stretchable electrets.