bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Gadget, Pola Asuh Dan Pengawasan Orang Tua Dengan Kecanduan Gadget Pada Anak Usia Dini Di TK Negeri Pembina Ranomeeto Tahun 2023
Authors: Asrianti  , Hariati Lestari  , Fifi Nirmala G
Published: March 2024

Humans are social creatures, they will always have social contact and communication. Gadgets are one of the most advanced communication tools available today. The use of gadgets by Indonesian youth has been increasing every year, reaching 38% in 2011, 72% in 2015, and again increasing 80% in 2015. Children use gadgets to play at least once a week, and some use them several times a week. As they get older and enter puberty, they use gadgets more frequently. Children aged between 10 and 14 years old will use their gadgets more often each week-from 8 to 15 hours. The method in this study is quantitative with observational correlation with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 86 students of TK Negeri Pembina Ranomeeto. The sample in this study were 70 students. The sampling technique in this study was using random sampling technique with data collection method using questionnaire. The findings of this investigation show that there is a relationship between parenting (0.018) and parental supervision (0.036) with gadget addiction in early childhood, and there is no relationship between the duration of gadget use (0.108) with gadget addiction in early childhood at TK Negeri Pembina Ranomeeto Year 2023. Children can easily get addicted to gadgets because they are still too young to make decisions.
Hubungan Supervisi Kepala Ruangan Dengan Kepatuhan Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Menjalankan Standar Operasional Prosedur Pemasangan Infus Di UPTD Puskesmas Mawasangka TimurTahun 2023
Authors: Irfan Purnawan  , Sancka Stella G. Sihura
Published: March 2024

Infusion is one of the invasive procedures performed by health workers by injecting a certain amount of fluid into the body into the vein to improve or prevent fluid and electrolyte, blood, and nutritional disturbances. The act of installing an infusion will be of high quality if in its implementation it always complies with the standards that have been set. One of the factors that can affect the performance of nurses, including the compliance of nurses and midwives in providing actions according to the SOP is supervision. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the supervision of the head of the room and the compliance of health workers in carrying out standard operating procedures for infusion at the UPTD Puskesmas Mawasangka Timur in 2023. This study is a correlation analytic study with a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study was 41 people consisting of 21 nurses and 20 midwives. The sampling technique used in this study is nonprobability sampling with total sampling. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between the supervision of the head of the room and the compliance of health workers in carrying out standard operating procedures for infusion at the Mawasangka Timur Health Center UPTD in 2023 (p-value 0.000 <0.05). Supervision of the head of the room has a significant role in increasing the compliance of health workers, especially nurses and midwives, in carrying out standard operational procedures for infusion installation.
Edukasi Pemeliharaan Dokumen Rekam Medis di Ruang Filing
Authors: Pomarida Simbolon  , Angela Br Surbakti  , Angeli Br Surbakti  , Eva Vanya Theresia Br Tariga  , Lusiana Simanjorang  , Teofilus Rivaldo Zagoto
Published: March 2024

Medical record documents are a source of information for health workers in carrying out data analysis, planning, making decisions to provide services and become accountability files for proof of services that need to be maintained until the time limit according to agreed and established rules. The stages of activities carried out consist of the preparation and implementation stages. and evaluation. The preparation stage includes a pre-test questionnaire, preparation of material by the facilitator, preparation of educational media in the form of banners and leaflets as well as a post-test questionnaire which is carried out the day before the counseling is carried out. Implementation stages include the delivery of educational material regarding maintaining medical record documents in the filing room. showed an increase in the average (mean) in the pretest distributed to participants before counseling activities, namely 57.17 and after counseling, namely 75.78. The difference in standard deviation before counseling is 2.706 and after counseling is 3.590. From the results of the percentage analysis, there was an increase in the percentage of students' overall knowledge of all educational aspects of maintaining medical records in the filing room delivered by the facilitator. Health education activities regarding how to maintain medical record documents in the filing room for Health Information Management study program students saw an increase in knowledge. Knowledge increased by 75.78 points after health education was implemented. The average increase in knowledge scores occurred because health education used methods and medians that could namely lectures and discussions.
Challenges Of The Industrial Relations Court In The Reform Era In Creating Fast, Accurate, Fair And Cheap Court
Authors: Rika Jamin Marbun
Published: March 2024

The Industrial Relations Court is a special court with absolute competence in dealing with industrial relations disputes arising from work relations between workers/laborers and employers. As the last resort in resolving employment conflicts if non-litigation channels fail, this court is expected to provide a fast, precise, fair and inexpensive resolution process for the parties so that it becomes the best solution. However, in practice, the existence of the industrial relations court has not fully become a mechanism that can realize the urgency of the court's existence since its inception. Various obstacles often arise and are even unavoidable in relation to the substance and mechanisms that hinder the realization of the initial intention of establishing the overarching law, namely Law Number 2 of 2004 concerning Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes. This research explains the various challenges faced by the Industrial Relations Court since its formation until the post-reform period. The research method of implementing literature studies and the type of research is normative law by compiling and reviewing various normative provisions regarding industrial relations courts and problems in their application. Industrial relations courts face various challenges related to their substance and mechanisms, for example when they are at the decision implementation stage, it is quite difficult to carry out the execution because they are guided by the execution procedures in civil courts which are quite expensive and time consuming. Meanwhile, industrial relations issues are ideally oriented towards fast processes and low costs. On the other hand, from the data on registered dispute cases, the worker/laborer mostly acts as a plaintiff, meaning that even if the plaintiff in this case wins, the court decision is not yet able to fully grant the worker/laborer their maximum rights.
Legal Protection Of Residential Consumers
Authors: Asman Siagian  , Rahmadany
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal safeguards available to homebuyers. During the process of buying and owning a house, housing customers frequently encounter complicated risks and concerns. For this reason, sufficient legal protection is necessary to safeguard the rights of consumers in real estate transactions.An examination of relevant legal documents and a review of the literature served as the research methodology for this project. Researchers gathered information about the legal protection of homebuyers from a range of legal sources, including statutes, rules, and court rulings. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis is conducted to pinpoint the advantages and disadvantages of the current legal safeguards.The findings of the study demonstrate that despite the existence of several laws and rules protecting housing customers legally, there are still issues and difficulties with their application. Several of the issues.
Obstetri ve yenidoğan servislerinde çalışan ebe ve hemşirelerin doğal doğuma yönelik bilgileri
Authors: Güler Handan , Arslan Muradiye , Polat Tuğçe , Ata Gülseher , Kaya Yılmaz Nurdan
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, obstetri ve yenidoğan servislerinde çalışan ebe ve hemşirelerin doğal doğumla ilgili bilgilerinin incelemesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye’nin iki ayrı ilindeki devlet hastanesinin obstetri ve yenidoğan yoğun bakım servislerinde çalışan 61 ebe ve hemşire (evrenin %50.8’i) oluşturdu. Veriler, “Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu” ve “Ebe ve Hemşirelerin Doğal Doğuma İlişkin Bilgileri Soru Formu” olan iki form aracılığı ile toplandı. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 programı ile değerlendirildi. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ile Ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 31.33±5.26 olan ebe ve hemşireler, ortalama 10.50±5.00 yıldır çalışmaktaydı. Ebe ve hemşirelerin %63.9’u lisans mezunu ve %44.3’ü de meslekte ilk beş yılını çalışmakta ve kadın doğum servisinde görev yapmaktaydı. Katılımcıların %40.9’u doğal doğumu normal doğum olarak tanımladı. Ebe ve hemşireler noninvaziv yöntemlerden en çok masaj (%83.3), solunum teknikleri (%70) ve sakruma bası uygulamasını (%70) bilmekteydi. Ayrıca %77.1’i amniotominin, %73.8’i epizyotominin ve %60.7’si indüksiyonun rutin olarak uygulanmaması gerektiğini belirtti. Ebelerin yaklaşık yarısı; lavmanın (%52.5), perineal traşın (%49.2), sürekli fetal monitörizasyonun (%59.1) doğum sürecinde uygulanması ve doğumun doğum masasında gerçekleşmesi gerektiği (%60.7) ifadelerine katıldı. Ebe ve hemşirelerin eğitim düzeyi yükseldikçe doğal doğumun seyrini bozan uygulamalardan kaçındığı saptandı (p
Reef Fish Community Structure in Penyusuk Waters, Bangka Regency, Indonesia (Case Study of Artificial Reef in PT. Artha Cipta Langgeng)
Authors: Hafizah Adisti , Adibrata Sudirman , Muftiadi M. Rizza , Balisco Rodulf Anthony T.
Published: March 2024

Reef fishes are important components of a healthy coral ecosystem. However, when coral reefs are degraded, reef fishes also lose their habitat resulting in a decline in reef fish production and sustainable livelihood for the communities depending on it. In this study, we determined the status of reef fish communities in an artificial reef at PT Artha Cipta Langgeng in the Penyusuk waters of Bangka Regency, Indonesia. Data on reef fish communities were collected using the underwater visual census (UVC) method, including in situ and ex-situ environmental parameters. A total of 2,987 individuals belonging to 12 reef fish species and five families were recorded across three stations. The abundance of reef fish ranges from 45 to 60 ind/m², categorized as highly abundant. Diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were calculated at  1.18-1.49, 0.56-0.65, and 0.26 -0.36, respectively which are categorized as low to moderate. The environmental parameters in the artificial reef are still within the standard limit for a reef ecosystem. The study emphasizes the importance of artificial reefs as an alternative to a degraded coral reef ecosystem in supporting the thriving existence of reef fishes in the Penyusuk waters.
Al-Tabarsi’s Preferences in His Book Majma al-Bayan (Part One)
Authors: Jalood Muna Ibrahim
Published: March 2024

The summary of this research, titled "Al-Tabrisi's Preferences in his Book Majma al-Bayan (Part one)" deals with the researcher dividing the research into an introduction, two main sections, a conclusion and a list of references. Section one covers Al-Tabrisi's life and methodology in his book 'Majma al-Bayan' consisting of three sub sections. As for the second section, it includes Al-Tabrisi's methodology in preference consisting of four sub sections. The researcher traced Al-Tabrisi's preferences in his interpretation, explained his methodology in preference, and the aspects of preference according to him. It is worth mentioning that no researcher has previously followed Al-Tabrisi's preferences independently, which are numerous and diverse, making it a broad and highly beneficial scientific topic. Allah has facilitated my work in this subject and I have addressed his preferences in the first part.
The Dispensationalist’s End-Time Remnant People of God in Revelation: An Exegetical Evaluation
Authors: Agustin Jr Alfredo G.
Published: March 2024

Biblical scholars from different schools of thought have already written so much about the “Remnant” theme in the Scripture both from OT and NT.  It appears to me that one area that needs to be explored is the appraisal of one of these ideas in the light of sound biblical exegesis and biblical principles of interpretation.  This paper attempts to exegetically evaluate the Dispensationalist’s interpretation of the “Remnant” of Revelation. The Dispensationalist, with Futuristic approach to the book, asserts that the “Remnant” of Revelation represents the literal Israel that would believe the Messiah at the Parousia and would reign with Him on earth during the Millennium while the Church would be in heaven. However, after the exegetical evaluation of such view, it was found out that the evidences and arguments presented by the Dispensationalist biblical scholars and theologians are not exegetically founded.
The Influence of Spiritual Leadership on Work Discipline has an Impact on the Nurse Performance of Hospital in Denpasar Bali
Authors: Suprapta Made Ani , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Dantes Kadek Rihendra , Ratnaya Gede
Published: March 2024

The transfer of knowledge is critical for a company to expand and transform. Regarding a country's socioeconomic development, micro-enterprises are crucial for creating employment opportunities and reducing poverty. However, micro-enterprises ability to repay their debts is influenced by various factors, with saving literacy and knowledge transfer being essential components in enhancing their repayment capacity. To address the knowledge transfer gap, this study examined the factors affecting the ability of Malaysian micro-enterprises to repay their debts, including financial management, with data collected from 127 micro-enterprises in Klang Valley. The study utilized the PLS-SEM technique to analyze the data and test hypotheses to achieve research objectives, with the results showing that saving literacy and the role of knowledge transfer as a mediator positively impact micro-enterprises' ability to repay their debts. This article also provides recommendations for the growth of Malaysia's micro-enterprise sector and suggests the need for additional research in this area.
Role of Knowledge Management Process in Fostering Employee Performance: Assessing the Moderating Effect of Smart Technologies
Authors: Alshammary Faiz Mayah , Ali Dhakir Abbas
Published: March 2024

Purposes-The Patients are considered Customers in the Healthcare sector. So, they expect high-quality services and the best employee performance. Patient’s awareness of the service's excellence in healthcare is considered one of the main factors in measuring the service's quality. Therefore, this study aims to examine the link of the knowledge management process (KMP) with the performance of the employees in the health cluster of Hail. This study also focuses on the moderating role of smart technologies between the Knowledge management process and employee performance in the case of the Hail health cluster. Design/Methodology/Approach- Data was collected from the employees of Hail health cluster, Saudi Arabia. The sample size for the data analysis is 380, and data is gathered from May to August 2023 with the help of a well-structured questionnaire. Findings are extracted with the help of Smart PLS. Findings- The results of the current study illustrate that the knowledge management process has a positive relationship with employee performance. Smart technologies help to increase the KMP and further enhance the performance of employees working in the health cluster in Hail. Research limitation/implications- This study has comprehensively examined (KMP) as an independent variable influencing employee performance. Still, upcoming examinations can use other measurements of knowledge management, such as knowledge management capabilities, knowledge management practices, etc. Furthermore, this study is limited to the service sector, so future studies can use this model for the manufacturing sector to analyse the accuracy of the model.  Originality/Value - This research explains the relationship between Knowledge management processes, employee performance and smart technologies in the healthcare sector. This study attracts this sector to use smart technology because the use of technologies not only increases the knowledge management process but also enhances the work abilities of employees. Based on the findings, this study has a unique contribution in the dust of studies related to knowledge management, such as no study to date conducted using a combination of these variables. This study is the best literature for policymakers, health management and researchers.
The Adequacy of the Jordanian Regulations in Regulating the Operation of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Qutieshat Enas , Hamad Abdul Salam Ahmed Bani , Adwan Majed Al
Published: March 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a prominent role in the national economic growth and employment, provided they do not experience legal obstacles. This research aimed to investigate the adequacy of the current Jordanian legislation in promoting the operation of small and medium enterprises in Jordan and to identify its shortcomings, which may threaten their continuity. This study used a descriptive and analytical comparative legal approach to investigate global trends in small- and medium-sized company regulation, including the UN Commission on International Trade Law directives. The study also examined Jordanian legal frameworks, particularly those pertaining to companies and trade. The research discussed this issue in two sections. The main question was whether the laws regulating SMEs were adequate. The study concludes that although these projects can be partially covered by current legislation, their particularity and uniqueness necessitate the creation of special regulations that provide extra incentives and maintain their sustainability. As a result, the study suggests amending the Trade Registry System No. (130) of 1966 and the Jordanian Companies Law No. (22) of 1997, among other existing legal frameworks, and to dedicate special provisions that cater to the requirements for the success of these enterprises.
The Influence of Servant Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Impact on Teacher Performance of Junior High School in the Central Lombok District
Authors: . Bayangkari , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Yudana Made , Widiana I Wayan
Published: March 2024

Teacher performance important role in the quality of education. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of servant leadership on the happiness of activities and abilities of teachers in early secondary schools. The sample of quantitative research of 352 by Morgan's theory was corrected by Warwick's methods. Data collection uses a questionnaire to be analyzed using the Structural Model of Least Squares. Results are: (1) Servant leadership direct important influence on happiness activity by T-Statistic is 4.953 P-Values is 0.000; (2) Servant leadership direct important influence on teacher's performance by T-Statistic is 2.371 P-Values is 0.019; (3) jobs Satisfaction direct important influence on teacher performance by T-Statistic is 14.843 P-Values is 0.000; (4) Servant leadership indirect important influence on teachers' performance through happiness activities by T-Statistic is 5.311 P-Values is 0.000. Research findings servant leadership direct important influence on happiness activities and teacher’s abilities. Job satisfaction as elastic can mediate servant leadership on teacher’s abilities. Suggestions for application of leadership and fun activities for teacher’s abilities.
A REVIEW: RELATION ON NATURAL FIBER LOADING TO THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF TPU COMPOSITES
Authors: Ahad Nor Azwin
Published: March 2024

The natural fiber is considered recyclable and may have some potential for some application. Nowadays, this type of fiber has to gain popularity as a filler in polymer composites. Besides, it is readily available and environmentally friendly. It is also inexpensive because they are non-toxic and biodegradable waste. This paper presents the various natural fiber from fruit skin, fruit peel, agricultural residue, waste, and others as fillers in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The author also reflects the key issue related to the effect of filler loading on the tensile properties of TPU composites. In general, the tensile strength of the natural fiber-filled polymer composites increases with fiber loading. The tensile properties are mainly influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the polymer and the fibers. Other than that, each type of fiber also plays a vital role in its properties and polymer adhesion. This review only focuses on the latest studies in the range of seven years from 2013 to 2019 [1].

Keywords: Thermoplastic polyurethane, natural fiber, fiber loading, tensile properties, composites
THE EFFECT OF FULLER’S EARTH AND DIFFERENT ACID SOLVENTS ON USED ENGINE OIL THROUGH ACID-CLAY TREATMENT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
Authors: Anisuzzaman S M , Mohd Nasir Nurul Nadia
Published: March 2024

In this study, the fuller’s earth (FE) and different acid solvents on used engine oil (UEO) using acid-clay treatment were investigated. The reclamation efficiency of different acids paired with FE was measured through several analyses. All the UEO samples showed positive water content. The treated oils’ density was improved to 0.718 g/ml compared to UEO of 0.855 g/ml. The FT-IR did not enhance components due to alkene, aldehyde, and methane with similar wavelengths to untreated EO. Copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) content in treated EO were not detected.

Keywords: Used engine oil, fuller’s earth, acid-clay treatment, adsorption
REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR THE ADSORPTION OF OIL USING HUMAN HAIR AS NATURAL ADSORBENT
Authors: Sathinathan Pavithira , Kiew Peck Loo
Published: March 2024

The abundance of human hair waste (known as keratin biomass) in most parts of the world and its accumulation in waste streams are causing many environmental problems. Human hair’s potential as a natural adsorbent to remove oil from wastewater was emphasised in this study. Mathematical and deep learning approaches were adopted to develop the regression models of oil adsorption using gents and ladies’ hair wastes. The experimental results were obtained from literature review to perform regression analysis using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in Matlab, Microsoft Excel, and Design Expert 6.0.6. The efficiency of these tools was compared in predicting the oil removal percentage within a specified range of adsorption parameters. This was done by comparing the R2 value of the established adsorption models. In this study, the effect of different adsorption parameters, namely pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, on the oil removal percentage was included in the regression analysis. Subsequently, using the regression model with the highest R2 valuefor both gents and ladies’ hair adsorbent, a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for the oil adsorption process to ease users in predicting the oil removal percentage within the specified range of adsorption parameters. The results showed that the adsorption model with the highest R2 value of 0.9570 for gents hair and 0.9650 for ladies hair was developed using the ANN tool, implying its superiority in correlating the adsorption parameters to the oil removal percentage. However, in creating the GUI layout for the oil adsorption process, the regression model generated by the RSM regression tool (the second-highest R2 at 0.8290 for gents hair and 0.6158 for ladies hair) was adopted to the limitations in retrieving the regression model from the ANN tool. The outcome of this study is expected to benefit users without prior knowledge of the oil adsorption process using human hair adsorbent to predict the removal percentage within a specified range of adsorption parameters, without the hassle of conducting experimental work.

Keywords: Human hair waste, keratin biomass, regression, oil adsorption, graphical user interface
INSIGHT INTO THE OPTIMIZATION OF MASS AND CONTACT TIME IN TWO-STAGE ADSORBER DESIGN FOR MALACHITE GREEN REMOVAL BY COCONUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Khairul Anuar Muhammad ‘Azib , Mahat Noor Sabariah , Mohamed Rusli Nurfarhain , Zainal Alam Muhd Nazrul Hisham , Ahmad Zaini Muhammad Abbas
Published: March 2024

The present work was aimed at evaluating the traits of a two-stage adsorber in optimizing the mass and contact time to achieve the desired removal performance. Data from literature for malachite green removal by coconut shell activated carbon in one-stage batch adsorber were taken as the basis for the simulation. Results show that the activated carbon mass was reduced by 22.4%, i.e., from 0.1 g to 0.078 g for 100 mL effluent, while the contact time was minimized from 30 min to 1.43 min for the removal of 50 mg/L dye in the two-stage adsorber. In the performance evaluation, the activated carbon mass in stage-1 is higher than that in stage-2 to lessen the load in accomplishing the removal at minimum dosage. The findings suggest that the two-stage adsorber design is economically viable for removing the dye in wastewater treatment.

Keywords: Coconut shell activated carbon, malachite green, two-stage adsorber, mass optimization, time optimization
IRRADIATION OF SOUND WAVES TO ASPERGILLUS KAWACHII AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN RICE-KOJI
Authors: Matsumoto Taku , Kojima Kouji , Saigusa Noriaki , Teramoto Yuji
Published: March 2024

Conidiospores of A. kawachii were irradiated with sound waves at three different frequencies, 1.0, 6.3, and 16.0 kHz, with a constant sound pressure of 5.0 dB. Steamed rice was inoculated with the resulting conidiospores and incubated at 25°C for 30 h to make rice-koji. By irradiation with sound waves at 6.3 kHz to conidiospores of A. kawachii, the activities of glucoamylase and acid protease of rice-koji were increased by 1.33 and 1.37 times, respectively, over that of rice-koji prepared without sound wave irradiation. The amount of mycelium in rice-koji prepared with conidiospores treated by sound wave irradiation at 6.3 kHz was also 1.31 times higher than that prepared without sound wave irradiation. To confirm the usefulness of sound wave irradiation as a condition for making rice-koji, the effects of sound waves on enzyme activities and mycelium weight of rice-koji produced by sound-treated conidiospores of A. kawachii were investigated.Keywords: Aspergillus kawachii, rice-koji, sound wave, glucoamylase, acid protease
A LABORATORY-BASED STUDY OF BIOMETHANATION BY THE CO-DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE WITH DOMESTIC FOOD WASTE AND WASTEWATER SLUDGE
Authors: Atta Habiba Iliyasu , Mustapha Fatima , Goni Amina B. , Bishir Musa
Published: March 2024

The increasing global demand for sustainable alternative sources of energy has driven the need for studies in renewable energy. Biogas may serve to satisfy energy demands as a viable substitute to fossil fuel, thereby reducing indiscriminate deforestation. The large volume of waste generated in the form of food and other solids in urban areas could serve as suitable organic substrates in the production of biogas thus, providing a cheap and eco-friendly method of managing wastes. In this study, municipal solid waste was co-digested with Food Waste (FW) and Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at different ratios to optimize the production of biogas. The anaerobic digestion process was conducted at ambient (room) temperature for three weeks for a hydraulic retention time. The performances of the wastes were assessed based on the volume and quality of the biogas produced. The highest amount of biogas produced (765 cm3) was from the co-digestion of food waste and MSW in the ratio of 1.5:1.5. Methanogenic archaea isolated from the biogas digestate belonged to the following genera: Methanobacterium, Methanococcus, Methanosarcina, and Methanoplanus. In this study, the biogas produced from the co-digestion of food waste and municipal solid waste was better in terms of quality and quantity compared to that produced from the co-digestion of MSW with sludge. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that food waste has great potential as a substrate during the anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste.
Keywords: sludge, food waste, municipal solid waste, methanogens, biogas
Moving Towards Green Environment: The Role of Renewable Transition
Authors: Shiau Mooi Lim
Published: March 2024

Finding a viable solution to slow down the emissions thus becomes the top agenda in world development. In this respect, technological switching toward renewable energy seems to hold the promise to break the link between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission that entails the global warming problem. Does renewable transition able to bring a cleaner environment? This study constructs a coherent framework of convergence using a dynamic panel model covering 102 countries in 1975-2015. The results of the study reveal a convergence of emission and this finding may contribute to policymakers on environmental protection for the global reduction of emissions.

Keywords: Renewable energy, convergence, dynamic panel, GMM
Comparative Analysis of the Feasibility of Oil PalmBiomass and Factory Tea Waste as Biosorbent for Copper Ions Removal from Wastewater
Authors: Tan Peng Jun Patrick , Tun Izhar Tun Faralyssa Qistina , Wan Osman Wan Nur Aisyah , Samsuri Shafirah , Md Saad Juniza , Hernández Yáñez Eduard , Zhou Hui
Published: March 2024

Numerous research have been conducted to produce low-cost biosorbents. Because of this, this study aims to analyse the feasibility of Oil Palm Biomass (OPB) and Factory Tea Waste (FTW) as the biosorbent for fixed-bed adsorption column system in removing copper ions from wastewater under two parameters: initial concentration and pH value. Both biosorbents were compared in their surface area, pore volume, width and diameter. They were then analysed regarding their isotherm behaviour. FTW is found to have a larger surface area, pore volume and pore width, while OPB has a larger pore diameter than FTW. Besides, OPB showed higher efficiency of copper ions removal at low initial concentrations (25 and 50 mg/L), but FTW was more effective for high initial concentrations (100, 150 and 200 mg/L). FTW was more favourable than OPB in acidic and alkaline conditions, but the copper ions removal efficiency was over 99% for both biosorbents when operating at pH 7 of solution. Furthermore, it was proven that both biosorbents showed a better fit to Langmuir Isotherm as the R2 for both showed the highest value. In conclusion, this study suggested that FTW provided better performance in copper ions removal than OPB.

Keywords: copper ions removal; oil palm biomass; factory tea waste; fixed bed adsorption column
An Analysis on The Factors that Facilitate Renewable Energy Consumption in Asean-5 Countries
Authors: Vija Kumaran Vikniswari , Thinagar Sharmila , Kalimuthu Kalaivani , Chuan Chew Foo , Mei Ling Sai
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to empirically shed light on the impacts of oil price and Trade Openness (TO) on renewable energy consumption across ASEAN-5 countries. This article incorporated annual time series data from 1997 to 2020 and employed panel data estimation analysis. All variables, including GDP, CO2, oil price, and TO are showing a significant impact on renewable energy consumption. Model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) was adopted for analysis after evaluating the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and Random Effect Model (REM) using the Hausman Test. Thus, the results revealed that the improvement in trade openness and oil price could generate renewable energy consumption for ASEAN-5 economies. Finally, the study has recommended a few policies to control the trade openness and oil price in promoting the use of renewable energy sources in ASEAN countries.

Keywords: trade openness, renewable energy consumption, CO2 emissions, oil price, ASEAN
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION THROUGH ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF CRUDE GLYCEROLAND ITS USE FOR FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION
Authors: Yamane Oozora , Komiyama Masaharu
Published: March 2024

A way of processing and utilising crude glycerol, a byproduct from biodiesel fuel (BDF) production, is described. Anaerobic fermentation of crude glycerol as substrate with an inoculum from easily obtainable cattle excrement led to the suppression of methane production and enhanced hydrogen fermentation. Biohydrogen production with H2/glycerol (in crude glycerol) molar ratio of 0.17 was achieved. Characteristics of this hydrogen fermentation were investigated, and factors contributing to this phenomenon were identified as synergy among the impurities present in BDF byproduct glycerol, viz., methanol and KOH, with pure glycerol for the production of H2. The usability of this biohydrogen for direct power generation without further purification or processing through a polymer electrode fuel cell (PEFC) was demonstrated, with a possible power generation of 117 J/g of crude glycerol.

Keywords: anaerobic fermentation, crude glycerol, hydrogen, fuel cell
RAW OYSTER SHELL SORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF CONGO RED DYE
Authors: Veloo Krishna Veni , Hussin Nurshazlin
Published: March 2024

Raw oyster shell was successfully prepared as an adsorbent for removing Congo Red (C.R.) dye in an aqueous solution using an adsorption technique. The various parameters influencing this adsorption process, such as adsorbent size, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, agitation speed and agitation time, were studied. The maximum percentage of dye removal of 96.3% was obtained at the optimised conditions of 75 μm of adsorbent size, 1.0 g of adsorbent dosage, 30 mg/L of initial dye concentration, pH 3, 110 rpm of agitation speed and 75 min of agitation time. The experimental data were analysed using two adsorption models, the Langmuir isotherm model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption data obtained well fitted for the Langmuir isotherm model indicate a monolayer adsorption reaction involved during the adsorption process. The result shows that raw oyster shells could be employed as a suitable alternative adsorbent to remove Congo red dye in an aqueous solution.Keywords: raw oyster shell, adsorption, congo red
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE EXTRACTION OF PLANT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY ULTRASONICATION METHOD: A BRIEF REVIEW
Authors: Hung-Ling Tang , Chen-Chung Koh , Kwan-Kit Woo , Siew-Ling Hii
Published: March 2024

Bioactive compounds are chemical substances that have biological effects favourable to human health. Many foods contain bioactive compounds, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and nuts, but animals only have extremely small levels of these substances. Many industries use bioactive compounds extensively, including poultry, agriculture, cosmetics, biofuel, and medical research. Techniques for extraction are necessary to get potential bioactive compounds. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is identified as one of the most efficient methods, given its benefits for the extraction of bioactive substances. This review paper focused on the fundamental concepts behind the ultrasonication process as well as a recently published study on the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to extract bioactive compounds from a wide range of sources for various applications.Keywords: bioactive compounds, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), oligosaccharides, prebiotic
THE TECHNOLOGY OF MICROBIAL FUEL CELLS: A PROMISING APPROACH TOWARDS SIMULTANEOUS AND SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND BIOELECTRICITY GENERATION
Authors: Bishir Musa , Correa Catalina Rodriguez , Olszewski Maciej Pawel , Ado Saleh Alhaji , Tariq Marium , Kruse Andrea
Published: March 2024

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a dual-edged technology which combines wastewater treatment with power generation. The chemical energy present in the organic matter of wastewater is usually transformed into electricity in MFCs through the action of electroactive bacteria on electrodes which act as catalysts. The MFC technology has piqued the interest of numerous researchers since it has the unique capability for wastewater treatment while concurrently generating some bioelectricity. When compared with traditional energy sources, MFCs have various advantages over other wastewater treatment processes, such as the trickling filter method and the commonly employed activated sludge process. These advantages include but are not limited to low energy requirements, low or no production of hazardous products, and mild reaction conditions. As a result, this wastewater treatment process is both cost-effective and long-term. The various designs of MFCs, electrode materials, and various wastewaters (substrates) that electrogenic bacteria could utilize are discussed in this work. The review gave succinct information on the components of microbial fuel cells, their operations as well as the stability and sustainability of the fuel cell systems

Keywords: microbial fuel cell, wastewater, substrate, electrodes, electroactive bacteria, bioelectricity
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF MESOSCOPIC PHASE STRUCTURES IN THE NEAR-CRITICAL FLUID USING A “SLENDER STICK” CELL
Authors: Morioka Yoshio , Komiyama Masaharu
Published: March 2024

A novel “slender stick” cell was designed to accomplish the unachievable visualisation of fluids' mesoscopic phase behaviour in its near-critical state by using Monte Carlo simulations within the grand canonical ensemble. The simulation clearly showed the two-phase nature, viz., droplets and voids, of Xe just above its critical point (Tr = T/Tc = 1.01 and Pr = P/Pc = 1.09). The average sizes of supercritical Xe local structures were determined from the cluster size distributions, which agreed well with the published hydrodynamic radii of clusters obtained experimentally through optical methods. The cluster diameter monotonously increased with the fluid density at a constant temperature (Tr = T/Tc = 1.01).

Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation, Mesoscopic structure, Xe, Near-critical state, cluster radii
IMPACT OF HYDROFLUORIC (HF) ACID TREATMENT ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Authors: Javed Muhammad Amir , Ramzan Naveed , Aslan Umair , Mukhtar Hina , Hussain Iftikhar , Zahir Abdul
Published: March 2024

Acid, base and/or water treatments expand biomass utilisation by reducing ash contents and improving energy density and higher heating values. Dilute acid treatment results in negative impacts on the physiochemical structure of biomass. This study aimed to analyse the effects of hydrofluoric (HF) acid (5% w/w) on the morphological and chemical structure of Wheat Straw (WS), Cotton Stalk (CS) and Rice Husk (RH). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exposed physical changes after treatment, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the changes in available functional groups in the composition of biomass samples. Dilute HF resulted in pronounced changes in morphology and chemical functional groups of all biomasses. Proximate analysis showed carbonaceous material is also affected; the increment in volatiles (9.27%, 7.7% and 6.9% for RH, WS and CS, respectively) and fixed carbon was observed while ash contents reduced. Furthermore, the influence of all samples on the thermal processing of biomass is compared.

Keywords: biomasses, acidic pretreatment, ash contents, morphology, aromaticity
WOODFUEL RESOURCES AND THEIR UTILISATION IN MT. ELGON AND CHERANG’ANY HILLS WATER TOWERS OF KENYA
Authors: Oriwo Violet , Namaswa Timothy , Githiomi Joseph , Oduor Nellie
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the households’ woodfuel sources and their utilisation technologies in Mt. Elgon and Cherang’any Hills Water Towers in Kenya. The two ecosystems were purposively sampled based on various factors, which included diverse ecological conditions and population densities. A total of six counties out of the eleven were sampled based on homogeneity to the ecosystem. The most notable reasons for preferring certain species over others were: species availability, fast growth, good burning characteristic, provision of good timber, and ease of propagation among others. The paper concludes that most households in Mt Elgon and Cherang’any Hills water towers depend on woodfuel for their energy requirements and exotic species were the most preferred. Therefore, there is a need to domesticate national legislation to enhance sector sustainability.

Keywords: biomass, woodfuel, household energy sources, cookstove, preferred tree species
ADOPTING LIFE CYCLE COST IN DECIDING DISINFECTANT METHOD TO CONTROL MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH IN COOLING WATER
Authors: Nee Anne Ting Ai , A Latip Noor Hazliza , Liong Gerald Wong Toh
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses using the life cycle cost Net Present Value (NPV) method to choose the best economically viable option to manage microbe in cooling water for Ammonia & Utility Cooling Water System at ASEAN Bintulu Fertilizer Sdn Bhd, Bintulu, Sarawak. An analysis was done to study various options. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to simulate the viability of the best options should conditions change. From the life cycle cost analysis, the option to maintain the existing on-site disinfectant generation system with supplementary chlorine tablet dilution (36 kg/day) derived the lowest net present value for the next 10 years.
Transesterification of Microalgae from Food Waste via Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Yahya Noor Yahida
Published: March 2024

Recently, numerous studies have presented the potential of various feedstock of biodiesel catalysed with acid catalysts and its performance. This study examines the potential of microalgae from food waste for biodiesel production by a homogeneous acid catalyst in a transesterification reaction. Initially, lipid was extracted from the microalgae using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. Then, the lipid was transesterified using a sulphuric acid catalyst under different conditions to decide the optimum condition. About 50% of the lipid was extracted from the microalgae when 400 W of microwave power was used for 15 minutes. The biodiesel yield of 76% has been attained from transesterifying the extracted lipid with methanol using 9:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, 2.5 wt% of catalyst dosage for 3 hours at 65°C. Overall, this study has shown the potential of microalgae from food waste as one of the options for biodiesel’s feedstock catalysed by acid.

Keywords: Biodiesel, food waste, microalgae, transesterification, acid catalyst, microwave assisted extraction (MAE)
Experimental Studies of Gasification of Glycerol for The Production of Hydrogen
Authors: Ayoub Muhammad , Sathiaseelan Sanjeev , Mohd Johari Siti Aminah
Published: March 2024

In this study, pure glycerol and crude glycerol conversion to hydrogen gas were investigated using a fixed-bed reactor. The gasifying agent utilised for this research is steam. The efficiency of the reaction was based on the results data of the H2 yield obtained. The reaction wasconducted using two different packing materials, which were silicon carbide and quartz. The effect of packing material was investigated. Next, steam-to-glycerol ratios were varied in the range of 0:0, 10:90, 25:75 and 50:50 to study the influence of the ratios on the producthydrogen gas. The effect of the catalyst and the amount of catalyst loading was investigated using a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The effect of temperature on the yield of product was studied in the range of 650 - 800◦C. Product gasses H2, CO2, CO and CH4 were analysed using TCD and NDIR analysis. The highest purity of H2 was 65 mol% at the optimised condition of 25:75 steam to glycerol ratio and 800◦C.Keywords: glycerol, crude, hydrogen, gasifying, fixed bed reactor pyrolysis
The Implementation of Waste Biomass Substrates as Feedstock for The Production of Bio-Electricity Through Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCS): A Short Review
Authors: Prasad Rajesh Kumar
Published: March 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass plays a pivotal role in sustainable energy production, with a focus on indirect biomass fuel cells (IDBFC) and direct biomass fuel cells (DBFC). IDBFCs require the initial conversion of biomass into simpler forms like sugars, biogas, syngas, or biocharfor subsequent electricity generation. In contrast, DBFCs offer a more direct approach, generating electricity from biomass without intermediate steps. Lignocellulosic biomass, composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, has diverse applications, from bioethanolto direct electricity generation. However, the complex composition of lignocellulosic compounds, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur, poses challenges for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis, a crucial factor in achieving high power density inMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs). MFCs use microorganisms to convert substrates into electricity, influenced by factors like substrate degradation rate, circuit resistance, electron transfer rates, proton mass transfer, electrode materials, and operational conditions. The selection of proper electrode materials is vital for optimising MFC performance. At the heart of MFC performance are electricigens, microorganisms facilitating electron transfer from biomass to the anode through direct or indirect mechanisms. Direct electron transfer (DET), relying on physical contact between microorganism membranes and the anode, is preferred for its efficiency and eco-friendliness. The paper also explores the importance of nutrient supplements (macro and micro) in enhancing bio-methane production and process stability in agro-industrial biogas mono-digestion plants. Nutrient balance significantly affects microbial generation time, degradation rates, and gas production in anaerobic digestion processes. In conclusion, understanding the intricate interplay between lignocellulosic biomass energy fuel cells, electricigens, and their performance factors is crucial for advancing sustainable energy production. MFCs show promise in utilising sludge and various waste biomasses, positioning them as practical, reliable, and versatile power sources in the evolving landscape of renewable energy technologies.

Keywords: Lignocellulosic waste, bioenergy, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), electricigens