bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intimità e social media. Una riflessione a partire dal pensiero di Michel Henry
Authors: Malagrinò Ilaria
Published: April 2020

L’avvento delle nuove tecnologie mediatiche ha facilitato il diffondersi della cultura emotiva. Sotto gli imperativi dello sharing e del disclosure agli utenti viene chiesto di identificare e razionalizzare il loro intimo. Le emozioni vengono dette e categorizzate, fissate nello spazio virtuale, esternate e oggettivate attraverso mezzi visivi di rappresentazione e linguaggio, diventando così narrazioni fruibili dal grande pubblico dei followers. Le interazioni on line, proprio perché mediate dallo schermo, hanno liberato gli individui dalla paura del faccia a faccia e del giudizio sociale, favorendo sicuramente una maggiore condivisione. Tuttavia, l’anonimia dei mezzi espressivi fa sì che le intimità digitali siano, come direbbe Illouz, “fredde”, con il risultato apparentemente contraddittorio dell’aumento di ciò che Kristeva definisce come “nuove malattie dell’anima”, in cui gli individui sperimentano ciò che il soggetto depresso prova nel suo isolamento, ovvero il sentirsi separato dalle altre persone e dalla comunicazione. Scopo del presente contributo è, pertanto, analizzare le modalità di manifestazione dell’intimità, utilizzando le riflessioni tracciate in merito da Michel Henry, al fine di comprendere cosa è andato perso nella contemporaneità.
Respeto de la autonomía y vulnerabilidad
Authors: Páez Gustavo , De Antueno Pilar , Del Pilar López Gabeiras María , Trebín María Mercedes
Published: April 2020

Unos de los avances logrados por la Bioética ha sido el respeto de la autonomía de los pacientes. Sin embargo, el acento puesto a este aspecto del actuar biomédico ha llevado a identificar dignidad de la persona con autonomía. En el presente artículo se analiza qué relación existe entre dignidad, calidad de vida, autonomía y vulnerabilidad. Se muestra cómo, a través del cuidado de situaciones vulnerables, es posible respetar el valor de la vida humana.
Early Communication Intervention within a Community-based Intervention Model in South Africa
Authors: Fair Lisl , Louw Brenda
Published: April 2020

Infants and toddlers with special needs within the developing context in South Africa are not currently receiving adequate early communication intervention services. The development of a model for service delivery to this population is imperative for the successful implementation of early communication intervention in the developing context in South Africa. The basic model of early intervention service delivery provides a theoretical basis for early intervention service delivery but has certain limitations when applied to the developing context in South Africa. Community-based intervention is proposed as an avenue for the delivery of health care services within primary health care although constraints in the application of community-based intervention exist. An integrated model of early communication intervention service delivery within community-based intervention is proposed and illustrated by presenting a case example.
Narrative Discourse Productions in Older Language Impaired Learning Disabled Children: Employing Stricter Reliability Measures
Authors: Henshilwood Luanne , Ogilvy Dale
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to describe narrative discourse productions of older language impaired learning disabled (LILD) children, using stringent reliability measures. Coherence and cohesion were the measures of analysis employed. Content and clarity ratings provided a subjective analysis of narrative productions. Interrater and intrarater reliability measures were calculated and testing for stability of scores across three testing sessions were undertaken. The results indicated subtle differences in the coherence and cohesion of narrative productions in the LILD compared with controls. The findings of this study support past literature, which calls for greater research in this area using stricter reliability measures.
Suprasegmentele Spraakeienskappe van Prelinguaal Gehoorgestremde Kinders met Kogleêre Inplantings, Gehoorgestremde Kinders sonder Inplantings en Normaalhorende Kinders
Authors: Ligthelm Adri , Groenewald Emily
Published: April 2020

A review of the relevant literature indicates a lack of knowledge regarding suprasegmental speech characteristics in prelingual hearing impaired children with cochlear implants. This study is aimed at examining certain suprasegmental features in the speech of prelingual hearing impaired children with cochlear implants by perceptual ratings and acoustic analyses, comparing these results to that of prelingual hearing impaired children without implants, and normal hearing children of the same age. Twelve Afrikaans speaking children between the ages of six and ten years were included in three groups. An integrated view of the perceptual and acoustic results shows that the cochlear implanted children's suprasegmental speech characteristics bear closer resemblance to those of the normal hearing group than those of the hearing impaired group.
The Impact of a Digital Speaker on a Teacher's Interaction with a Child with Limited Functional Speech
Authors: Popich Elsa , Alant Erna
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the impact of the implementation of a digital speaker and teacher training on the quality of a teacher's interaction with an AAC user. The data was obtained by recording and analysing classroom story time interactions. The types of utterances directed at each child in the class, the types of questions used as well as the messages recorded onto the digital speaker were determined for each research phase. There were four major phases in the research, namely, a pre-implementation phase, a post-implementation phase, a post-training phase and a post-withdrawal phase. The results indicated that the implementation of the digital speaker and the training of the teacher resulted in certain changes in the way that the teacher interacted with the AAC user. Utterance types such as answering and imitating were used more frequently after the implementation of the device. There was also a much greater variety in the teacher's use of questions as well as in the messages that were recorded onto the digital speaker after the five training sessions were completed. This study highlighted the importance of formal training for the communication partners of the AAC user. One of the most important communication partners of the school-aged AAC user is the classroom teacher.
The Swallowing and Voicing Characteristics of Pharyngeal Dystonia: A Single Case Report
Authors: Kahn Loren , Jordaan Heila
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the swallowing difficulty and abnormal voicing characteristics of a subject with pharyngeal dystonia. This rare form of dystonia, considered to be a neurological condition resulting in involuntary spasm of the muscles of the pharynx, has not been documented in terms of its effects on the acoustic properties of the voice. This study revealed that during pharyngeal spasm, there are significant delays in voice onset time, a reduction in fundamental frequency, an increased percentage of sub-harmonics and variability in the amplitude perturbation quotient as well as shimmer. There was also evidence of these characteristics during periods of 'spasm-free' voice production, suggesting that the condition might be more consistent than what the subject described. Resonance disturbances were observed in spasm, which might explain the 'hollow' and affected voice quality. The subject also reported severe swallowing difficulties during the periods of spasm, characterised by a tight constriction at the level of the subject's throat. It is clear that an abnormality at the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle has a dual effect on the acoustic properties of the voice and on swallowing.
Reexamining construct validity of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale
Authors: Siddiqi Nasrina , Shahnawaz Mohammad , Nasir Shagufta
Published: April 2020

Background

The conceptualization of negative personality has evolved over the last few decades but the scientific assessment of negative traits is still at a nascent stage. The present study aimed to test the construct and external validity of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale, one of the most widely used scales to measure the dark triad, by conducting three independent studies.

Participants and procedure

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on 379 participants and confirmatory bifactor analysis was carried out on a sample of 414 participants. Additionally, an independent sample of 168 participants was used to test the external validity of SD3.

Results

In study 1, after the triarchic model was disconfirmed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), an EFA was run on the original 27-item scale, which produced a two-factor model consisting of a dark dyad and narcissism. This was followed by a confirmatory bifactor analysis in study 2, which revealed that while Machiavellianism and psychopathy are better measured as manifestations of a general negative disposition, narcissism emerges as a distinct trait which is not significantly captured by the dark core of personality. Moreover, study 3 revealed that dark dyad is a better correlate and predictor of negative traits as com-pared to narcissism.

Conclusions

In keeping with these findings, we propose that narcissism should be measured holistically with equal emphasis on all its con-stituents and facets and that the intrinsic dimensionality of these traits must be captured while scoring. Implications and future directions are duly discussed.
Acute epiploic appendagitis: ultrasound and computed tomography findings of a rare case of acute abdominal pain and the role of other imaging techniques
Authors: Trovato Piero , Simonetti Igino , Verde Francesco , Lomoro Pascal , Vinci Giorgia , Tarotto Luca , Corvino Fabio , Corvino Antonio
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Acute epiploic appendagitis (EA) is a relatively rare, benign and local inflammatory disease involving the epiploic appendices. Unlike its mimics, EA is generally a self-limiting inflammatory disease and can be treated conservatively.

Case presentation

A 33-year-old Caucasian man presented to our emergency department with a sever and sharp left iliac fossa pain. He underwent abdominal X-ray, ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) evaluations.

Conclusion

We illustrate US and CT findings to increase the radiologists’ awareness of this condition and to avoid diagnostic delay and unnecessary use of antibiotics, hospitalization and surgery.
The relationship between hysterosalpingography findings and female infertility in a Nigerian population
Authors: Adedigba Joseph A. , Idowu Bukunmi M. , Hermans Sarah P. , Ibitoye Bolanle O. , Fawole Oluwatunmise A.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationships between abnormal hysterosalpingography (HSG) findings and all types of infertility.

Material and methods

This retrospective study was carried out at a private radiodiagnostic centre in Lagos, Nigeria. The radiologist reports of all consecutive patients who had HSG evaluation from 2016 to 2018 were analysed. Biodemographic information and indications for HSG evaluation were also documented. Logistic regression was used to test correlations between the explanatory and outcome variables. P ≤ 0.05 represented a statistically significant result.

Results

A total of 450 patients were involved in this study, with ages ranging from 21 to 51 years and a mean age of 34.6 ± 5.56 years. The age group 31-35 years had the highest frequency of infertility. There were 299 patients referred for infertility. Secondary infertility was seen in 211 patients (46.9%), primary infertility was seen in 79 patients (17.6%), and subfertility was seen in nine patients (2%). There were 49 patients (10.9%) with cornual tubal blockage, while 57 patients (12.7%) had perifimbrial adhesion and/or blockage. There were 56 patients (12.4%) with hydrosalpinx and nine patients (2.0%) with tubal occlusion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed women with hydrosalpinx were 2.11 times more likely to be infertile than those without hydrosalpinx (95% CI: 1.02-4.36, p = 0.042).

Conclusions

The presence of hydrosalpinx was a significant risk factor in developing all types of infertility. Understanding the HSG patterns and their correlations with infertility will help physicians across the world when evaluating infertility in patients of similar background to our patient population.
Desensitization to biological agents used in rheumatology
Authors: Makowska Joanna , Lewandowska-Polak Anna
Published: April 2020

Biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins are widely used for the treatment of patients with various rheumatic disorders, influencing the quality of life, disability and even mortality in patients. However, biological agents can evoke adverse reactions of different grades of severity. Although drug avoidance remains a gold standard in the care of patients hypersensitive to medication, in certain clinical situations the culprit drug is the drug of choice and cannot be replaced by another equally effective compound. In such cases, desensitization can allow the patient to be treated within current guidelines and with the most effective treatment.

The authors searched Medline and Scopus databases for English-language sources using the following key words: hypersensitivity, desensitization, biologicals, adalimumab, etanercept, adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab, rituximab, infliximab, ixekizumab, tocilizumab, anakinra and canakinumab.

The aim of our review is to present the current knowledge about desensitization to biological agents and some guidelines according to patient inclusion, contraindications, procedures, and safety requirements.

Drug desensitization is a new issue in rheumatology, and the solution to the problem of allergic reactions to biological drugs, which gives patients with rheumatic diseases the opportunity to extend and prolong their therapy. The present article is one of the first widely discussing this topic in the biological treatment of rheumatic diseases.
Earth-like planetary magnetotails as non-linear oscillators
Authors: Burston Robert J.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A non-linear oscillator model of a simple system analogous to Earth-like magnetotail plasmoid formation and release dynamics is presented. In this context, Earth-like refers to any magnetosphere with an upstream bow-shock and an elongated downstream tail that undergoes tail plasmoid formation and release. It includes, for the first time in such a model, separate drivers for the Dungey and Vasyliunas Cycles and the capacity to include stochastic and deterministic driving in varying relative and absolute terms. The effects of measurement noise on the model output can also be simulated. This makes the model suitable to investigate the magnetotail dynamics of Mercury, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn and hypothetical exoplanets with similar magnetospheric configurations. The capacity to predict, in general terms, the behavior of a wide range of stellar-wind – magnetosphere interactions has become even more important in the light of the discovery of thousands of exoplanets in recent years. This model represents the first step towards being able to make such predictions for a wide variety of cases without resorting to detailed modelling of individual cases. It is demonstrated that the model can exhibit limit cycle (periodic) and chaotic (long-term unpredictable) behavior. The effects of a sufficiently strong dynamical noise component (stochastic driving) are shown to be inherently different from the effects of an equivalent level of simulated observational noise (simulated Gaussian instrument error). The possibilities of chaotic behavior and of dynamical noise dominating the underlying determinism imply that often only short-term forecasting of magnetotail plasmoid formation is possible.
Drainage divide networks – Part 2: Response to perturbations
Authors: Scherler Dirk , Schwanghart Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Drainage divides are organized into tree-like networks that may record
information about drainage divide mobility. However, views diverge about how
to best assess divide mobility. Here, we apply a new approach of
automatically extracting and ordering drainage divide networks from digital
elevation models to results from landscape evolution model experiments. We
compared landscapes perturbed by strike-slip faulting and spatiotemporal
variations in erodibility to a reference model to assess which topographic
metrics (hillslope relief, flow distance, and χ) are diagnostic of
divide mobility. Results show that divide segments that are a minimum
distance of ∼5 km from river confluences strive to attain
constant values of hillslope relief and flow distance to the nearest
stream. Disruptions of such patterns can be related to mobile divides that
are lower than stable divides, closer to streams, and often asymmetric in
shape. In general, we observe that drainage divides high up in the network,
i.e., at great distances from river confluences, are more susceptible to
disruptions than divides closer to these confluences and are thus more
likely to record disturbance for a longer time period. We found that
across-divide differences in hillslope relief proved more useful for
assessing divide migration than other tested metrics. However, even stable
drainage divide networks exhibit across-divide differences in any of the
studied topographic metrics. Finally, we propose a new metric to quantify
the connectivity of divide junctions.
Provenance of the cross sign of 806 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: a possible lunar halo over continental Europe?
Authors: Uchikawa Yuta , Cowley Les , Hayakawa Hisashi , Willis David M. , Stephenson F. Richard
Published: April 2020

Abstract. While graphical records of astronomical/meteorological events before
telescopic observations are of particular interest, they have frequently
undergone multiple instances of copying and may have been modified from the original.
Here, we analyse a graphical record of the cross sign of 806 CE in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (ASC), which has been considered one of the earliest datable
halo drawings in British records, whereas another cross sign in 776 CE has
been associated with the aurora. However, philological studies have revealed
the later 806 event is derived from continental European annals. Here, records and
drawings for the 806 event have been philologically traced back to mid-ninth-century continental European manuscripts (MSS) and the probable observational site
identified as the area of Sens in northern France. The possible lunar halos
at that time have been comprehensively examined by numerical ray tracing.
Combined with calculations of twilight sky brightness, they identify a
visibility window supporting monastic observation. Cruciform halos are shown
to be fainter and rarer than brighter and more commonplace lunar halos.
Physically credible cloud ice crystal variations can reproduce all the
manuscript renditions. The manuscript records prove less-than-desirable
detail, but what is presented is fully consistent with a lunar-halo
interpretation. Finally, the possible societal impacts of such celestial
events have been mentioned in the context of contemporary coins in
Anglo-Saxon England and the Carolingian Empire. These analyses show that we
need to trace their provenance back as far as possible, to best reconstruct
the original event, even if graphical records are available for given
astronomical/meteorological events.
Comparative geochemical study on Furongian (Toledanian) and Ordovician (Sardic) felsic magmatic events in south-western Europe
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Sánchez-García Teresa , Puddu Claudia , Casas Josep Maria , Díez-Montes Alejandro , Liesa Montserrat , Oggiano Giacomo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A geochemical comparison of Early Palaeozoic felsic magmatic episodes throughout the south-western European margin of Gondwana is analysed. The comparison is made between (i) Furongian–Early Ordovician (Toledanian) activies recorded in the Central Iberian and Galicia-Trás-os-Montes Zones of the Iberian Massif, and (ii) Early–Late Ordovician (Sardic) activities in the eastern Pyrenees, Occitan Domain (Albigeois, Montagne Noire and Mouthoumet massifs) and Sardinia. Both phases are related to uplift and denudation of an inherited palaeorelief, and stratigraphically preserved as distinct angular discordances and paraconformities involving gaps of up to 30 m.y. The geochemical features of the Toledanian and Sardic, felsic-dominant activies point to a predominance of byproducts derived from the melting of metasedimentary rocks, rich in SiO2 and K2O and with peraluminous character. Zr / TiO2, Zr / Nb, Nb / Y and Zr vs. Ga / Al ratios, and REE and ƐNd values suggest the contemporaneity, for both phases, of two geochemical scenarios characterized by arc and extensional features evolving to distinct extensional and rifting conditions associated with the final outpouring of mafic tholeiitic-dominant lava flows. The Toledanian and Sardic phases are linked to neither metamorphism nor penetrative deformation; on the contrary, their unconformities are associated with foliation-free open folds subsequently affected by the Variscan deformation. The geochemical and structural framework precludes a subduction scenario reaching the crust in a magmatic arc to back-arc setting, but favours partial melting of sediments and/or granitoids in a continental lower crust triggered by the underplating of hot mafic magmas during extensional events related to the opening of the Rheic Ocean.
The effects of blade structural model fidelity on wind turbine load analysis and computation time
Authors: Gözcü Ozan , Verelst David R.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aero-servo-elastic analyses are required to determine the wind turbine loading for a wide range of load cases as specified in certification standards. The floating reference frame (FRF) formulation can be used to model the structural response of long and flexible wind turbine blades. Increasing the number of bodies in the FRF formulation of the blade increases both the fidelity of the structural model and the size of the problem. However, the turbine load analysis is a coupled aero-servo-elastic analysis, and computation cost not only depends on the size of the structural model, but also depends on the aerodynamic solver and the number of iterations between the solvers. This study presents an investigation of the performance of the different fidelity levels as measured by the computational cost and the turbine response (e.g., blade loads, tip clearance, tower-top accelerations). The analysis is based on aeroelastic simulations for normal operation in turbulent inflow load cases as defined in a design standard. Two 10 MW reference turbines are used. The results show that the turbine response quickly approaches the results of the highest-fidelity model as the number of bodies increases. The increase in computational costs to account for more bodies can almost entirely be compensated for by changing the type of the matrix solver from dense to sparse.
Obsesiones con el tema mexicano: del nacionalismo a lo universal en la poesía de Jaime Labastida
Authors: Chouciño Ana
Published: April 2020

Jaime Labastida, director de la Academia mexicana cumple este 2019 ochenta años. Con México y los grandes enigmas humanos como constantes temáticas que articulan toda su obra, su obra muestra dos momentos distintos. Mientras que entre 1960 y 1981, en consonancia con la ideología marxista y nacionalista, Labastida adopta la expresión de una especie de tlatoani, desde 1991, tras diez años sin publicar poesía, se percibe en su trayectoria un vuelco notable que se concretó en una más intensa recurrencia a lo universal en todo lo publicado a partir de la última década del siglo. Este cambio tiene relación con la llamada condición “postmexicana” tal como la define Roger Bartra (1999): “entra en crisis la cultura política nacionalista que había sustentado al Estado” por lo cual muchos mexicanos sienten que “la realidad nacional está derrumbándose”. Puesto que la poesía de Labastida responde a las circunstancias sociales y políticas descritas, estas páginas proponen una lectura de la misma que atienda a su evolución como síntoma artístico coherente con el sentir de una importante parte de la intelectualidad mexicana de nuestra época.
Critical Thinking and Physics Concepts: Indicators for General Education Science Course Assessment
Authors: Ramlo Susan
Published: April 2020

Demonstrating knowledge of major concepts and critical thinking are common learning outcomes for general education courses, especially in the sciences. Although numerous valid and reliable measures of conceptual understanding exist, the determination of critical thinking level is often more difficult, subjective, and domain-specific. This study investigates the relationship between domain-specific critical thinking and the learning of force and motion concepts within laboratory activities in a first semester, non-calculus college physics course. Regression analyses were used while controlling for age, prior physics coursework, and the conceptual understanding pretest score. Conceptual understanding was measured using the valid and reliable Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE). Critical Thinking (CT) was determined using the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric (HCTSR) and the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) Taxonomy. The results indicate that students' CT has a significant correlation with their learning of force and motion concepts. In other words, students who demonstrate a Newtonian view of force and motion also demonstrate higher levels of CT. Thus, FMCE post-test scores could be used as a proxy for students' CT measurements within a first semester physics course. Additionally, the preference of the SOLO Taxonomy is based on ease of use and estimates of inter-rater reliability.
Identified need for improving post abortion care in Namibia
Authors: Maano Nghitanwa Emma , Kerthu Hatupopi Saara
Published: April 2020

Globally, about 75 million women have undergone abortions which is either induced or spontaneous and require post abortion care (PAC). Out of the 75 million abortions, 44 million are induced, while 31 million are miscarriages which occur spontaneously. Furthermore, half of the induced abortions are performed by unskilled people in a non-hygienic environment which make them unsafe and dangerous to the women.The World Health Organization recommends that all women who had abortion should receive PAC to prevent ill health and deaths related to complications of abortions. However, in Namibia, the status of PAC is unknown as there is no study conducted in this regard. Moreover, PAC is only conducted by medical doctors in the district hospitals and no nurses or midwives are trained on PAC services. A mini literature review was conducted on PAC globally and in Namibia.
Employee job satisfaction at Florida for-profit and not-for-profit hospitals
Authors: Platonova Elena A. , Venkitasubramanian Kailas , Thompson Michael E.
Published: April 2020

High quality health care requires competent, motivated, and satisfied health care employees. This research examines whether employee job satisfaction differs at for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) hospitals and how other organizational characteristics mediate this relationship. In this cross-sectional study, Press Ganey Employee Partnership Survey data from 35 Florida hospitals were used to understand the relationship between hospital ownership (primary independent variable) and employee job satisfaction (outcome). A flexible structural equation model was used to examine the relationship. The sample included 32,892 valid responses (approximately 23% from FP hospitals). Employees in FP hospitals were found to less satisfied with their jobs than their NFP counterparts. This trend was strongly associated with an inverse relationship between job satisfaction and assessment of immediate supervisors. The resulting job satisfaction model had an R2 of 0.524, indicating good fit. Further analyses revealed a positive association between perceived staffing levels and supervisor satisfaction, suggesting that the relative leanness of FP institutions might explain the observed difference in supervisor satisfaction. Employee job satisfaction is a complex multifaceted construct. Four main organizational factors affect employee job satisfaction: the organization’s ownership type (FP or NFP), employee relationships with supervisors, work schedule, and length of employment. Leaders need to provide front line supervisors with adequate resources and support. Training immediate supervisors how to approach and be supportive of their workers provides an immediate solution toward increasing employee job satisfaction.
The enneagram model for nursing competencies development-An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Desmarais Michèle , Galiano Ondina , Gazemar Valerie , Fréchette Julie
Published: April 2020

Background and objective: Nursing competencies can be enhanced by the development of emotional intelligence, which promotes self-knowledge. Personality models, such as the Enneagram model, have been used to develop self-knowledge, and thus may contribute to increasing emotional intelligence. However, few studies have examined perceptions of the use of the Enneagram model on nursing competencies. This qualitative study aims to explore the perceptions of nursing educators and advanced practice nurses about the impact of Enneagram model training on the development of their professional competencies.Methods: This qualitative study used individual interviews and thematic analysis according to Miles and Huberman’s method. The nine participants were nursing educators and advanced practice nurses. Interviews were conducted between six and eight weeks after the Enneagram model training.Results: Results revealed that the Enneagram model may contribute to developing emotional intelligence. Participants perceived the Enneagram model training as promoting better self-awareness and understanding of others. It could also support the development of nursing competencies: humanistic action, collaboration, clinical leadership and support for learning in practice settings.Conclusions: The use of the Enneagram model could help nurses develop their emotional intelligence and optimize their practice while preserving their mental health. Implications for Nursing Administration: These findings are important for managers responsible for supporting nurses’ competencies and mental health through complex care situations in a context of change.
Approximate Solution of an Infectious Disease Model Applying Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Atindiga Terhemen Simon , Mbah Ezike Godwin , Didigwu Ndidiamaka Edith , Adewoye Adebisi Raphael , Kper Torkuma Bartholomew
Published: April 2020

Scientists and engineers have developed the use of Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) in non-linear problems since this approach constantly distort the intricate problem being considered into a simple problem, thus making it much less complex to solve. The homotopy perturbation method was initially put forward by He (1999) with further development and improvement (He 2000a, He, 2006). Homotopy, which is as an essential aspect of differential topology involves a coupling of the conventional perturbation method and the homotopy method in topology (He, 2000b). The approach gives an approximate analytical result in series form and has been effectively applied by various academia for various physical systems namely; bifurcation, asymptotology, nonlinear wave equations and Approximate Solution of SIR Infectious Disease Model (Abubakar et al., 2013).
Coronavirus—Preventing an Occupational Hazard among Doctors
Authors: Malhotra Nipun , Gupta Nitesh , Ish Pranav
Published: April 2020

It all started in the last week of December 2019 when the World Health Organization (WHO) was alerted regarding several respiratory infections localized to a city in China [...]
Carbon Tax Shifts and the Revenue-Neutrality Dilemma
Authors: Gillis Rory
Published: April 2020

Over the past two decades, numerous experts and politicians have proposed “revenue-neutral carbon tax shifts,” under which a government implements a carbon tax and uses the resulting revenue to cut other taxes by an equal dollar amount. These proposals commonly include legal or political mechanisms to bind governments to revenue neutrality over time. This Article’s central claim is that revenue neutrality suffers from conceptual and epistemic confusion that should lead to reconsideration of the policy merits of carbon tax shifts. To illustrate the argument, the Article provides the first retrospective review in the legal literature of carbon tax shifts from four jurisdictions, two of which were implemented and then repealed, and two of which were rejected by voters at the ballot box. In each jurisdiction, the carbon tax shift was afflicted by confusion between two substantially different conceptions of revenue neutrality, which can be termed “backward-looking” and “sideways-looking” revenue neutrality. This confusion is difficult to resolve because the choice between the two conceptions presents governments with a dilemma: backward-looking revenue neutrality is normatively undesirable, while sideways-looking revenue neutrality is difficult to enforce through legal and political mechanisms. This Article argues that the dilemma should be taken into account when choosing between carbon tax shifts and alternative uses of carbon pricing revenues. The dilemma also has implications for revenue-neutral tax reform in other contexts: it is far harder to separate the question of “how to tax” from the question of “how much to tax” than is commonly understood.
Tellurite Glass and Its Application in Lasers
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Jia Shijie , Lu Xiaosong , Jiang Yuxuan , Yu Jibo , Wang Xin , Wang Shunbin , Lewis Elfed
Published: April 2020

This chapter provides expert coverage of the physical properties of new noncrystalline solids—tellurite glass and the latest laser applications of the material—offering insights into innovative applications for laser and sensing devices, among others. In particular, there is a focus on specialty optical fibers, supercontinuum generation and laser devices, and luminescence properties for laser applications. This chapter also addresses the fabrication and optical properties and uses of tellurite glasses in optical fibers and optical microcavities, the significance of from near infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) emissions and the development of tellurite glass-based microcavity lasers. The important attributes of these tellurite glasses and their applications in lasers were discussed in this chapter.
Main Features of Sedimentogenesis and Ecogenesis in Late Paleozoic Sea Pools of Northeast Asia
Authors: Gdal’evich Ganelin Victor
Published: April 2020

The main characteristics of the Late Paleozoic sediments and ecogenesis in the Late Paleozoic basins of Northeast Asia are considered. The authigenic bacterial nature of carbonate bodies, previously considered as detrital, was revealed. The assumption about the lithotrophic nature of the Late Paleozoic ecosystems of the region is substantiated, the basis of the trophic chains of which are prokaryotes. As it turned out, a feature of the Late Paleozoic benthic biota is associated not with climatic factors but with the trophic nature of the communities. Similar types of paleoecosystems in the same age layers of Gondwana are indicated.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Recent Advances
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Yadav Pratishtha , Garg Rakesh
Published: April 2020

Cardiac arrest is the most significant reason for mortality and morbidities worldwide. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest, simple adaptations in basic life support to upcoming modifications in post-resuscitation care have been proposed by various resuscitation councils throughout the globe. Role of point of care cardiac ultrasound during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been explored and its contribution for identifying reversible causes and its real time management has been explored. A higher blood and tissue oxygenation levels contributed to an increased rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) which has to lead us to explore more options to increase the oxygenation. Starting from the CPR training, the use of sensors for spirometric feedback in ventilation maneuvers can help improve the quality of CPR. High flow nasal oxygenation during CPR has shown promising results. Extracorporeal CPR is another entity that has shown survival benefits in a selected group of patients. The aim of the newer advances has always been to decrease the morbidity and improve survival outcomes in terms of neurological deficit as well. These guidelines are reviewed and updated regularly to improve knowledge and training based on the current evidence. This chapter shall focus on recent advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Landscape Genetics: From Classic Molecular Markers to Genomics
Authors: Ricardo Konzen Enéas , Imaculada Zucchi Maria
Published: April 2020

Landscape genetics combines population genetics and landscape ecology to understand processes that shape the distribution and organization of human, animal, or plant populations. This field of genetics emerged from the availability of several studies with classical molecular markers, such as isozymes, RAPD, AFLP, and microsatellites. Population genetic studies enabled the detection of population structure with those markers, but a more comprehensive analysis of natural populations was only possible with the development of statistical methods that combined both molecular data and environmental variables. Ultimately, the rapid development of sequencing technologies allowed studies at the genomic level, augmenting the resolution of association with environment factors. This chapter outlines basic concepts in landscape genetics, the main statistical methods used so far, and the perspectives of this field of knowledge into strategies for conservation of natural populations of plant and animal species. Moreover, we briefly describe the application of the field to understand historical human migration processes as well as how some diseases are spread throughout the world.
Factors affecting Miscanthus × giganteus adventitious shoots formation in vitro
Authors: Jančauskienė Inga , Blinstrubienė Aušra , Burbulis Natalija
Published: April 2020

The research was carried out at the Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology of the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy of Vytautas Magnus University (till 2019 Aleksandras Stulginskis University). The effect of basal nutrition medium, subculture and growth regulators on the adventitious shoots formation from isolated explants of Miscanthus × giganteus was analysed. The apical meristem of in vitro developed adventitious shoots of Miscanthus × giganteus was cultivated in the Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrition medium supplemented with different 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) combinations. It has been determined that the formation frequency of adventitious shoots on the WPM nutrition medium was from 5.0 to 18.5% (after the first subculture) and from 19.5 to 38.3% (after the second subculture) higher in comparison with the MS nutrition medium supplemented with the same combinations of growth regulators. It has been established that on the WPM nutrition medium the formation frequency of adventitious shoots after the second subculture was from 13.3 to 18.5% higher in comparison with the first subculture, while on the MS nutrition medium the effect of subculture was not significant. The most intensive frequency of shoots formation (48.8%) and the highest shoot number per explant (24.1 units) have been obtained in the WPM medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l–1 BAP + 0.4 mg l–1 IBA + 0.01 mg l–1 IAA after the second subculture.
First record of the genus Coelocephalapion Wagner, 1914 (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae) on flower buds of Platymiscium diadelphum S.F.Blake (Leguminosae) in the Lara state, Venezuela
Authors: Arcaya Evelin , Capote-Luna Tarcisio , Sorondo Leonel
Published: April 2020

El género Coelocephalapion Wagner, 1914 está asociado principalmente a Leguminosae y Asteraceae. El objetivo del trabajo fue registrar por primera vez la presencia del género Coelocephalapion en botones florales de Platymiscium diadelphum S.F. Blake (Leguminosae) en el estado Lara, Venezuela. Ésta información representa el primer reporte de Coelocephalapion para la región centro occidental del país, contribuyendo a aumentar los datos de distribución geográfica para Sudamérica.

The genus Coelocephalapion Wagner, 1914 is mainly associated with Leguminosae and Asteraceae. The objective of the work was to register for the first time the presence of the genus Coelocephalapion in flower buds of Platymiscium diadelphum S.F. Blake (Leguminosae) in the state of Lara, Venezuela. This information represents the first report of Coelocephalapion for the central western region of the country, contributing to increase geographic distribution data for South America.
Mortality by nodavirus in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus L., 1758) from the Cabo de Palos and Islas Hormigas Marine Reserve, Murcia
Authors: Peñalver José , María-Dolores Emilio , García-Charton José Antonio , Martínez Marcelo , Pérez José Javier , Sánchez Miguel Ángel , San Miguel Elena , Rocha Ana , Fernández-Somalo María Pilar
Published: April 2020

Los nodavirus afectan a gran número de especies de peces, silvestres y cultivadas. En silvestres se ha aislado en diversas especies, pero nunca se había asociado con procesos clínicos en el litoral de Murcia. En otoño de 2017, se detectaron diversos ejemplares de meros (Epinephelus marginatus y E. costae) en la Reserva de Cabo de Palos con sintomatología clínica compatible con nodavirus. La infección por nodavirus fue confirmada mediante RT-PCR en tiempo real y su posterior genotipado (tipo RGNNV). Este hallazgo constituye la primera evidencia regional de infección clínica por nodavirus en peces silvestres, con la relevancia añadida de que la especie afectada es la especie emblemática de la Reserva Marina de Cabo de Palos, el mero.

Nodaviruses affect a large number of fish species, wild and farmed. In the wild it has been isolated in various species, but it had never been associated with clinical processes on the coast of Murcia. In autumn 2017, several specimens of groupers (Epinephelus marginatus and E. costae) were detected in the Cabo de Palos Reserve with clinical symptoms compatible with nodavirus. The infection by nodavirus was confirmed by real time RT-PCR and its subsequent genotyping (RGNNV type). This finding constitutes the first regional evidence of clinical infection by nodavirus in wild fish, with the added relevance that the affected specie, the grouper, is the emblematic specie of the Cabo de Palos Marine Reserve.
A CLC-ec1 mutant reveals global conformational change and suggests a unifying mechanism for the CLC Cl–/H+ transport cycle
Authors: Chavan Tanmay S , Cheng Ricky C , Jiang Tao , Mathews Irimpan I , Stein Richard A , Koehl Antoine , Mchaourab Hassane S , Tajkhorshid Emad , Maduke Merritt
Published: April 2020

Among coupled exchangers, CLCs uniquely catalyze the exchange of oppositely charged ions (Cl– for H+). Transport-cycle models to describe and explain this unusual mechanism have been proposed based on known CLC structures. While the proposed models harmonize with many experimental findings, gaps and inconsistencies in our understanding have remained. One limitation has been that global conformational change – which occurs in all conventional transporter mechanisms – has not been observed in any high-resolution structure. Here, we describe the 2.6 Å structure of a CLC mutant designed to mimic the fully H+-loaded transporter. This structure reveals a global conformational change to improve accessibility for the Cl– substrate from the extracellular side and new conformations for two key glutamate residues. Together with DEER measurements, MD simulations, and functional studies, this new structure provides evidence for a unified model of H+/Cl– transport that reconciles existing data on all CLC-type proteins.
Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors gate long-term potentiation and synaptic tagging/capture in rat hippocampal area CA2
Authors: Dasgupta Ananya , Lim Yu Jia , Kumar Krishna , Baby Nimmi , Pang Ka Lam Karen , Benoy Amrita , Behnisch Thomas , Sajikumar Sreedharan
Published: April 2020

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) play an important role in synaptic plasticity and memory and are largely classified based on amino acid sequence homology and pharmacological properties. Among group III metabotropic glutamate receptors, mGluR7 and mGluR4 show high relative expression in the rat hippocampal area CA2. Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors are known to down-regulate cAMP-dependent signaling pathways via the activation of Gi/o proteins. Here, we provide evidence that inhibition of group III mGluRs by specific antagonists permits an NMDA receptor- and protein synthesis-dependent long-lasting synaptic potentiation in the apparently long-term potentiation (LTP)-resistant Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA2 synapses. Moreover, long-lasting potentiation of these synapses transforms a transient synaptic potentiation of the entorhinal cortical (EC)-CA2 synapses into a stable long-lasting LTP, in accordance with the synaptic tagging/capture hypothesis (STC). Furthermore, this study also sheds light on the role of ERK/MAPK protein signaling and the downregulation of STEP protein in the group III mGluR inhibition-mediated plasticity in the hippocampal CA2 region, identifying them as critical molecular players. Thus, the regulation of group III mGluRs provides a conducive environment for the SC-CA2 synapses to respond to events that could lead to activity-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Low-frequency neural activity reflects rule-based chunking during speech listening
Authors: Jin Peiqing , Lu Yuhan , Ding Nai
Published: April 2020

Chunking is a key mechanism for sequence processing. Studies on speech sequences have suggested low-frequency cortical activity tracks spoken phrases, that is, chunks of words defined by tacit linguistic knowledge. Here, we investigate whether low-frequency cortical activity reflects a general mechanism for sequence chunking and can track chunks defined by temporarily learned artificial rules. The experiment records magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses to a sequence of spoken words. To dissociate word properties from the chunk structures, two tasks separately require listeners to group pairs of semantically similar or semantically dissimilar words into chunks. In the MEG spectrum, a clear response is observed at the chunk rate. More importantly, the chunk-rate response is task-dependent. It is phase locked to chunk boundaries, instead of the semantic relatedness between words. The results strongly suggest that cortical activity can track chunks constructed based on task-related rules and potentially reflects a general mechanism for chunk-level representations.