bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of nausea and vomiting induced by antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Farhat Jawhara , Sakai Hitomi , Tsurutani Junji
Published: January 2025

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of anticancer therapy that combines the specificity and long circulation half-life of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of the payload connected through a chemical linker. The optimal management of toxicities is crucial for improving quality of life in patients undergoing ADCs and for avoiding improper dose reductions or discontinuations. This article focuses on the characteristics and management of nausea and vomiting (NV) induced by three ADCs: trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), sacituzumab govitecan (SG), and datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd). We summarize the proposed mechanism of NV, clinical study data on NV, and recommendations from clinical guidelines. We also discuss three prospective studies evaluating prophylactic antiemetic therapy in patients receiving T-DXd, along with future perspectives.
Electrochemical Detection of Miltefosine in Urine Using Amino Functionalised Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 as a Redox Couple
Authors: Adu Darko Kwabena , Nate Zondi , Alake John , Ike Blessing Wisdom , Miya Lungelo , Mohite Sachin Balaso , Chauhan Ruchika , Karpoormath Rajshekhar
Published: January 2025

Miltefosine is an alkyllylosophospholipid analogue used to treat visceral leishmaniasis. Recently, reports have been made of suspected counterfeit miltefosine on the Indian market. With the risk counterfeit drugs pose to drug resistance development, quality control of antileishmanial drugs has become important. Hence, in this study, amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2) were synthesised and characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to study the electrochemical properties of the synthesised MWCNT-NH2. A complex was formed between MWCNT-NH2 and miltefosine (Mil-MWCNT-NH2). Five microliters of Mil-MWCNT-NH2 was drop-cast on glassy carbon electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry studies were carried out to assess the performance of the sensor. Using [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 as a redox couple, a calibration study was carried out at different concentrations (0–250 µM) to establish the concentration range of the sensor. A linear response was established. With a detection limit of 1 µM, the fabricated sensor is a viable tool for detecting antileishmanial drug miltefosine in urine samples and possible application in quality control of miltefosine against counterfeiting.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of irrigation management in different stages of growth on the yield and water productivity in cowpea plant in field and model conditions
Authors: Baradaran-Hezaveh Faranak , Babazadeh Hossein , Amiri Ebrahim , Ebrahimi Hossein
Published: January 2025

The research was conducted in order to evaluate the management of irrigation in different stages of growth on the yield of the cowpea plant using the DSSAT model. The experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the north of Iran during 2017 and 2018. The main treatments included irrigation with the management of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of the plant’s water requirements (WRs), and the secondary treatment included irrigation in the vegetative, reproductive and complete stages (vegetative and reproductive). The outcomes indicated that the maximum yield of biomass, pod and seeds when supplying 100% of the water supply in 2017 was 4588, 3222 and 1005 kg/ha, respectively, in both vegetative and reproductive stages. In the interaction of year × WR × growth stages, the maximum water use efficiency based on yield of biomass, pod and seeds in 2018 were under irrigated conditions in the vegetative stage and in dry conditions with the average of 3.57, 2.37 and 0.75 kg/m3. The average values of water productivity components based on irrigation, irrigation and rainfall, evapotranspiration, transpiration and evapotranspiration and deep percolation altogether (WPI, WPI + R, WPET, WPT and WPETQ) was obtained as 0.61, 0.41, 0.39, 0.67 and 0.32 kg per cubic meter, respectively. The outcomes of evaluating DSSAT model showed that the values of RMSE and RMSEn in calibration conditions were, respectively, 130 kg/ha and 5.91% for biomass yield and 92 kg/ha and 12.62% for seed yield. In the validation conditions, these indicators were, respectively, 129 kg/ha and 5.29% for biomass yield and 73 kg/ha and 8.61% for seed yield. Based on the results, treating 100% of the water requirements in the vegetative and reproductive stages and with transpiration rate of 188 mm is suggested as suitable management for the studied area.
Is There a Need to Reassess Protein Intake Recommendations Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: Ben-Porat Tair , Lahav Yair , Cohen Tamara R. , Bacon Simon L. , Buch Assaf , Moizé Violeta , Sherf-Dagan Shiri
Published: January 2025

Purpose of Review

Protein intake is recognized as a key nutritional factor crucial for optimizing Metabolic Bariatric Surgery (MBS) outcomes by preventing protein malnutrition, preserving fat-free mass, and inducing satiety. This paper discusses the current evidence regarding protein intake and its impact on clinical outcomes following MBS.

Recent Findings

There are considerable gaps in the understanding of protein requirements following MBS, as existing guidelines are based on limited and inconsistent reports. This highlights the urgent need for updated clinical practice recommendations grounded in high-quality evidence.

Further investigation using robust methodologies is essential to address existing research gaps related to the individualization of protein requirements following MBS. Future research should consider factors such as the time elapsed since surgery, the form and quantity of protein consumed, and necessary adjustments for physical activity. Ultimately, in alignment with recent literature, a more specific and personalized dietary protein approach should be examined.
Flourishing as an Aim of Medical Education: Are We Hitting the Target?
Authors: Mansuri Noreen , Zelenski Amy B.
Published: January 2025

In this commentary, we use Reiss and White’s contention of educational aims as a lens to examine the aims of medical education and determine whether the flourishing of medical students is among them. We identify an absence of flourishing and observe descriptions of medical students as finished products of training with an emphasis on professional virtues such as altruism. This emphasis is a compensatory response to professional and cultural shifts during the twentieth century. Anchored by this historical context, we draw on the work of Fielding and Moss to offer a path forward for redefining the aims of medical education.
Using Virtual Reality to Assist Students at Academic Risk in Human Anatomy
Authors: Foley Michael , Lilley Lauren T. , Meyers Lindsay , Armstrong Robert , Fore-Arcand Lisa , McCoy Kelly , Eitel Chad , Clapp Tod R. , Heise Natascha
Published: January 2025

Learning human anatomy presents a significant challenge for health profession students due to the difficulty in visualizing structures in three dimensions. Virtual reality (VR) has been reported to aid in understanding these relationships. In this study, students at academic risk attended VR sessions alongside their gross anatomy course. Data from post-surveys, observations, and examinations indicated VR participants performed similarly to peers, except in head/neck and pelvis/lower limb exams where performance was lower. Students valued VR for enhancing confidence and understanding. VR shows promise in supplementing anatomy education, particularly for less complex regions, and bridging gaps in traditional learning methods.
On the optimization of fatigue limit in additively manufactured fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Azizian-Farsani Elaheh , Rouhi Moghanlou Mohammad , Mahmoudi Ali , Wilson Peyton J. , Khonsari Michael M.
Published: January 2025

This study uses the Taguchi optimization methodology to optimize the fatigue performance of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide samples printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The optimal printing properties that maximize the fatigue limit were determined to be 0.075 mm layer thickness, 0.4 mm infill line distance, 50 mm/s printing speed, and 55 °C chamber temperature with layer thickness being the most critical parameter. To qualify fatigue endurance limit, the energy dissipation in uniaxial fatigue was quantified by using hysteresis energy and temperature rise at steady state. From these results, the fatigue limit for a specimen printed with optimized printing parameters was predicted to be 69 and 70 MPa from hysteresis energy and temperature rise at steady state methods, consecutively, and it was experimentally determined to be 67 MPa. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the Taguchi optimization method when applied to additive manufacturing and the swift ability to predict the fatigue limit of a material with only one specimen to produce optimal additively manufactured components for industrial applications, as validated by experimental fatigue testing.
Assessing Risk in Implementing New Artificial Intelligence Triage Tools—How Much Risk is Reasonable in an Already Risky World?
Authors: Nord-Bronzyk Alexa , Savulescu Julian , Ballantyne Angela , Braunack-Mayer Annette , Krishnaswamy Pavitra , Lysaght Tamra , Ong Marcus E. H. , Liu Nan , Menikoff Jerry , Mertens Mayli , Dunn Michael
Published: January 2025

Risk prediction in emergency medicine (EM) holds unique challenges due to issues surrounding urgency, blurry research-practise distinctions, and the high-pressure environment in emergency departments (ED). Artificial intelligence (AI) risk prediction tools have been developed with the aim of streamlining triaging processes and mitigating perennial issues affecting EDs globally, such as overcrowding and delays. The implementation of these tools is complicated by the potential risks associated with over-triage and under-triage, untraceable false positives, as well as the potential for the biases of healthcare professionals toward technology leading to the incorrect usage of such tools. This paper explores risk surrounding these issues in an analysis of a case study involving a machine learning triage tool called the Score for Emergency Risk Prediction (SERP) in Singapore. This tool is used for estimating mortality risk in presentation at the ED. After two successful retrospective studies demonstrating SERP’s strong predictive accuracy, researchers decided that the pre-implementation randomised controlled trial (RCT) would not be feasible due to how the tool interacts with clinical judgement, complicating the blinded arm of the trial. This led them to consider other methods of testing SERP’s real-world capabilities, such as ongoing-evaluation type studies. We discuss the outcomes of a risk–benefit analysis to argue that the proposed implementation strategy is ethically appropriate and aligns with improvement-focused and systemic approaches to implementation, especially the learning health systems framework (LHS) to ensure safety, efficacy, and ongoing learning.
Berlin Heart EXCOR Implantation in Adult Patients, Outcomes and Complications: Short Report
Authors: Hulman Michal , Artemiou Panagiotis , Durdik Stefan , Lesny Peter , Gasparovic Ivo , Goncalvesova Eva
Published: January 2025

The Berlin Heart EXCOR is a paracorporeal, pulsatile, and pneumatically driven ventricular assist device and can provide durable support to the left ventricle, right ventricle or both ventricles and can be used as bridge to recovery or bridge to transplant. The aim of this short report is to present the outcomes and complications in adult patients who received the paracorporeal biventricular Berlin Heart EXCOR system in our center, as a bridge to transplant strategy. From January 2022 to December 2024 six patients underwent implantation of the device. Three patients died while on support, and 3 patients were successfully transplanted. Despite the high mortality observed, the Berlin Heart EXCOR system is still a reasonable therapeutic option with acceptable post-transplant survival.
Analgesic Protocols in Total Knee Replacement: Early Efficacy and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Matúška Martin , Polan Peter , Rendek Pavol , Halas Matúš , Kokavec Milan , Lacko Marek
Published: January 2025

Objective

Comparison of traditional opioid-based analgesic protocols with multimodal pain management strategies in terms of postoperative pain, opioid consumption, and knee range of motion (ROM).

Materials and Methods

The study included 397 patients (mean age 67.4 ± 8.6 years) undergoing unilateral TKA, divided according to the analgesic protocol: adductor canal block (ACB), periarticular local infiltration anesthesia (LIA), epidural analgesia, and traditional pharmacotherapy. Pain (VAS), opioid consumption (MME), and knee ROM were assessed over 4 postoperative days.

Results

Postoperative VAS scores differ significantly between cohorts at all time points (p < 0.001). The ACB cohort had the lowest VAS scores on the day of surgery (3.30 ± 2.23) and on postoperative day 4 (2.10 ± 1.05), followed by the LIA cohort (2.30 ± 1.12). Epidural analgesia and traditional pharmacotherapy showed higher pain scores. Knee flexion on day 4 was highest in the ACB cohort (92.4° ± 7.2°), followed by the LIA cohort (88.5° ± 8.3°) (p < 0.001). Opioid consumption was lowest in the ACB cohort (6.3 ± 5.8 MME) and highest in the traditional pharmacotherapy cohort (43.1 ± 12.8 MME) (p < 0.001). BMI significantly influenced opioid consumption (p = 0.018), with higher BMI (> 30 kg/m2) which was associated with higher doses. However, BMI, age, and gender had no effect on knee ROM (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Multimodal protocols, including ACB in particular, improve pain control, reduce opioid consumption, and support faster rehabilitation.
On Wonder
Authors: Chico Tita
Published: January 2025

This is an Element about wonder − as an object, as a feeling, as an invitation to study, and as a way of thinking in both literary and scientific texts of the long eighteenth century. Wonder is at the heart of natural philosophical inquiry in the long eighteenth century, its inaugural provocation, its long-standing problematic. Yet wonder requires observation and imagination, operating together, if uneasily, to give shape to forms of scientific, literary, and social knowledge, shaping how thinking works − and who can do it. Studying wonder in the long eighteenth century helps us to understand our current disciplinary configurations, and also how wonder itself embodies the potential for a more capacious critical practice. Studying wonder as an epistemology, praxis, and thematic in the long eighteenth century also carries the promise of invigorating and reimagining our own critical, creative endeavors.
The Net Radiative Effect of the Ill‐Defined Clear‐Sky in the Vicinity of Clouds
Authors: Eytan Eshkol , Gristey Jake J. , Feingold Graham
Published: January 2025

Clouds play a crucial role in Earth's energy budget resulting in significant deviations from clear‐sky fluxes. This important role, combined with their complexity, makes them a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. Over the past two decades, the radiative signatures of clouds in their surroundings have been extensively studied, highlighting the challenges of defining clouds and distinguishing them from the aerosol embedded in clear‐sky. Accurately defining clouds and aerosol is essential for quantifying their radiative effects and for remote sensing of the surface and atmosphere under clear‐sky conditions. In this study, we combine two of the most mature and sophisticated space‐borne instruments: the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer with its high‐resolution multispectral images and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System broadband top‐of‐the‐atmosphere radiative flux data. This0 allows us to quantify the net RE of clouds within the clear‐sky around them for the first time. Our findings show that the local RE of clouds over the ocean around noon ranges from −7 to −10 W in the solar band and 1–1.5 W in the longwave infrared. These results suggest that clouds drive a significant portion of the aerosol direct RE. Additionally, the near‐cloud longwave infrared effect is equivalent to an effect of 90 ppm of . We propose to categorize the sky into three regimes—cloudy, cloud‐influenced‐clear‐sky, and far‐field clear‐sky and suggest a path to move beyond a discrete definition of the sky. This will improve our understanding of the role of clouds and aerosol in the climate system, ultimately reducing uncertainties in climate projections.
Refined methodologies for probabilistic dietary exposure assessment for food contaminants based on the observed individual means methodology
Authors: Stefano Simone , Lanno Alessia , Ghironi Sofia , Passoni Alice , Bagnati Renzo , Roncaglioni Alessandra , Davoli Enrico , Fattore Elena
Published: January 2025

Background

The Observed Individual Means (OIM) methodology, based on the non-parametric bootstrap, is usually employed to perform basic probabilistic dietary chronic exposure assessment, and assumes independence and identical distribution of occurrence data within food category. However, this assumption may not be valid if several expected distributions of occurrence can be a priori identified within food category. Moreover, OIM assumes each analysed food sample to equally contribute to mean occurrence, as information about relevance of each food item cannot be incorporated into exposure assessment.

Objective

In this paper we address the above-mentioned violations and develop two statistical methodologies to accommodate for them into OIM.

Methods

The stratified non-parametric bootstrap and weighted mean occurrence are employed to correct for such violations. As a case study, we compare the methodologies by estimating the exposure of the adult Italian population to the process contaminant 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol.

Results

We propose strategies to interpret their results and show their relevance in conducting exposure assessment.

Impact statement

For the first time in the literature, we critically examine a widely used methodology for Probabilistic Dietary Exposure Assessment from a statistical perspective, focusing on the underlying assumptions and their potential violations in real-world scenarios. We then develop techniques to address these violations, providing a more accurate and robust approach to exposure assessment. This work is particularly relevant for risk assessors and managers, since it offers a refined toolset for more precise exposure assessments.
Genetic associations between orexin genes and phenotypes related to behavioral regulation in humans, including substance use
Authors: Aliev Fazil , De Sa Nogueira David , Aston-Jones Gary , Dick Danielle M.
Published: January 2025

The hypothalamic neuropeptide system of orexin (hypocretin) neurons provides projections throughout the neuraxis and has been linked to sleep regulation, feeding and motivation for salient rewards including drugs of abuse. However, relatively little has been done to examine genes associated with orexin signaling and specific behavioral phenotypes in humans. Here, we tested for association of twenty-seven genes involved in orexin signaling with behavioral phenotypes in humans. We tested the full gene set, functional subsets, and individual genes involved in orexin signaling. Our primary phenotype of interest was Externalizing, a composite factor comprised of behaviors and disorders associated with reward-seeking, motivation, and behavioral regulation. We also tested for association with additional phenotypes that have been related to orexin regulation in model organism studies, including alcohol consumption, problematic alcohol use, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, cigarettes per day, smoking initiation, and body mass index. The composite set of 27 genes corresponding to orexin function was highly associated with Externalizing, as well as with alcohol consumption, insomnia, cigarettes per day, smoking initiation and BMI. In addition, all gene subsets (except the OXR2/HCRTR2 subset) were associated with Externalizing. BMI was significantly associated with all gene subsets. The “validated factors for PPOX/HCRT” and “PPOX/HCRT upregulation” gene subsets also were associated with alcohol consumption. Individually, 8 genes showed a strong association with Externalizing, 12 with BMI, 7 with smoking initiation, 3 with alcohol consumption, and 2 with problematic alcohol use, after correction for multiple testing. This study indicates that orexin genes are associated with multiple behaviors and disorders related to self-regulation in humans. This is consistent with prior work in animals that implicated orexin signaling in motivational activation induced by salient stimuli, and supports the hypothesis that orexin signaling is an important potential therapeutic target for numerous behavioral disorders.
Targeting ferroptosis: a promising approach for treating lung carcinoma
Authors: Wu Ziyang , Zhang Yan , Zhong Wendi , Wu Kunjian , Zhong Tian , Jiang Tao
Published: January 2025

Lung carcinoma incidence and fatality rates remain among the highest on a global scale. The efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies is commonly compromised by the emergence of drug resistance and other factors, resulting in a lack of durable therapeutic benefits. Ferroptosis, a distinct pattern of cell death marked by the buildup of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been shown to be a novel and potentially more effective treatment for lung carcinoma. However, the mechanism and regulatory network of ferroptosis are exceptionally complex, and many unanswered questions remain. In addition, research on ferroptosis in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer has been growing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a thorough summary of the latest advancements in the field of ferroptosis. Here, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms underlying the preconditions of ferroptosis, the defense system, and the associated molecular networks. The potential strategies of ferroptosis in the treatment of lung carcinoma are also highlighted. Targeting ferroptosis improves tumor cell drug resistance and enhances the effectiveness of targeted drugs and immunotherapies. These findings may shed fresh light on the diagnosis and management of lung carcinoma, as well as the development of drugs related to ferroptosis.
Can monolithic zirconia frameworks in implant-supported cross-arch prostheses deliver reliable long-term outcomes?
Authors: Parmar Nidhi
Published: January 2025

Design

A retrospective cohort study assessing the mid-to-long-term outcomes and risk factors affecting the prosthetic success and survival of implant-supported cross-arch fixed dental prostheses (IFCDPs) with monolithic zirconia frameworks.

Cohort selection

Forty-seven patients received a total of 51 cross-arch prostheses (27 maxillary and 24 mandibular prostheses), supported by 302 implants. Comprehensive clinical and radiographic records were available over a follow-up period ranging from 5 to 13 years. A strict inclusion criteria ensured the use of screw-retained implants and monolithic zirconia frameworks fabricated using standardised CAD/CAM protocols, without cemented titanium bases. Exclusion criteria included systemic conditions affecting healing, bruxism, uncontrolled periodontitis, smoking, and significant health changes during the follow-up period.

Data analysis

Descriptive statistics summarised implant and prosthesis outcomes, while complications were evaluated for peri-implantitis at an implant level and framework fractures at a prosthesis level. Peri-implantitis was identified through clinical signs, including bleeding on probing, suppuration, and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Prosthetic outcomes were classified using the modified USPHS criteria. Mixed-effects Cox regression models were applied to analyse risk factors. Hazard ratios were calculated for peri-implantitis and framework fractures, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

The implant survival rate was 97.64%, with peri-implantitis observed in 27 implants, predominantly in the mandible, resulting in an overall implant success rate of 91.06%. Prosthesis survival was 82.35%, with nine framework fractures reported, eight of which occurred in mandibular prostheses. The mandible was identified as a significant risk factor for both framework fractures (HR = 11.64, p = 0.024) and peri-implantitis (HR = 10.88, p = 0.003).

Conclusion

IFCDPs with monolithic zirconia-based frameworks exhibited favourable clinical outcomes over a 5–13-year period. However, mandibular prostheses were more prone to framework fractures and peri-implantitis, highlighting the need to consider mandibular flexure in prosthetic design to enhance long-term success and durability.
Androgen deprivation therapy does not increase rates for reintervention, complication, or infection in primary penile implant or artificial urinary sphincter surgery: a retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX network
Authors: Prebay Zachary J. , Fu David , Hochberg Aaron R. , Chung Paul H.
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer treatment-related erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence are commonly treated with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Given the association with androgens and penile/urethral health, we aim to evaluate whether patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) undergoing IPP or AUS surgery are at increased risk for reintervention, complication, or infection. We queried the TriNetX database for adult males receiving IPP or AUS. The ADT cohort included those on ADT 3 months before or any time after surgery. We performed sub-analysis for leuprolide and bicalutamide. Cohorts and outcomes were defined by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases codes. Propensity score matching was performed using age, prostate cancer, history of prostatectomy, and history of radiation. Outcomes were reintervention (revision, removal, or replacement), infection, and complication. Analytics were performed in March 2024. 13,432 patients received an IPP and 5676 received an AUS, 465 and 745 of whom were on ADT, respectively. The only significant AUS analysis was for patients on abiraterone having fewer reinterventions (10.5% vs 20.8%, RR = 0.50 [0.29, 0.88]). Patients receiving an IPP with ADT had fewer reinterventions (7.2% vs 12%, RR = 0.60 [0.39, 0.92]) and complications (12.7% vs 18.5%, RR = 0.68 [0.49, 0.95]). Those on a GnRH agonist had fewer reinterventions (7.4% vs 11.7%, RR = 0.63 [0.41, 0.98]) for IPP. Patients receiving an IPP on bicalutamide had fewer reinterventions ( <5.2%* vs 10.8%, RR = 0.48 [0.23, 0.99]) and on leuprolide had fewer complications (12.2% vs 19.3%, RR = 0.63 [0.43, 0.91]). The remainder of analyses showed no significant differences. Patients with IPP or AUS do not fare worse on ADT. Further evaluation into the duration of ADT may provide clinical context, but based on these results, ADT should not limit implant surgery.
Evaluation of bond durability of different self-adhesive bioactive restorative systems to dentin
Authors: Samy Fawkia M. , El-Kholany Naglaa R. , Hamama Hamdi H.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to compare the bonding efficacy three bioactive self-adhesive restorative systems to dentin. A total of 80 permanent human molars were utilized in this study. The occlusal enamel was removed to exposed mid-coronal dentin; 40 molars were used for microshear bond strength testing, while the remaining molars were used for micromorphological analysis of restoration/dentin interface. Accordingly, 4 groups were assigned according to the used restorative materials; (G1) self-adhesive hybrid composite (surefil one), (G2) Alkasite-based material (Cention forte) without pretreatment primer, (G3) Alkasite-based material (Cention forte) with pretreatment primer (Cention primer), and (G4) resin-modified glass ionomer (fuji II LC). Then each group was divided into 2 sub-group according to testing time (n = 5); immediate (after 24 h) and delayed (after 6 months of storage in artificial saliva). Microshear bond strength testing employed a universal testing machine to quantify the force required for material fracture at the interface, followed by failure mode analysis. Interfacial micromorphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In µSBS, the outcome of Two-way ANOVA showed that, there is a statistically significant difference in “type of the restorative material” and “storage time” (p˂0.05. The output of Tukey post-hoc test revealed highest µSBS values were recorded in both immediate and delayed was recorded for Cention Forte with it’s pretreatment primer (p < 0.05). Whereas Surefil one & Cention Forte (without primer) showed the lowest µSBS results among its immediate and delayed groups (p < 0.05). Regarding the micromorphological patterns of restoration/dentin interface using SEM, there was a difference among the tested groups. This study revealed that using of primers prior to application of alkasite-based restorative material is highly recommended as this techniques seems to be the most effective in obtaining superior bond strength with dentin. Accordingly, this outcome of this study highlighting the importance of using primer in enhancing bonding to dentin, which might slightly countered the initial manufacturer’s recommendations and categorization of this type of restorations as a self-adhesive.
Uncovering mercury accumulation and the potential for bacterial bioremediation in response to contamination in the Singalila National Park
Authors: Acharyya Sukanya , Majumder Soumya , Nandi Sudeshna , Ghosh Arindam , Saha Sumedha , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: January 2025

Several recent investigations into montane regions have reported on excess mercury accumulation in high-altitude forest ecosystems. This study explored the Singalila National Park, located on the Singalila ridge of the Eastern Himalayas, revealing substantial mercury contamination. Particular focus was on Sandakphu (3636 m), the highest peak in West Bengal, India. It harboured 6.77 ± 0.01 mg/kg of total mercury in its topsoil. Further evidence was provided by accumulation in leaves (0.040 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and roots (0.150 ± 0.008 mg/kg) of local vegetation, litterfall (0.234 ± 0.019 mg/kg), mosses (0.367 ± 0.043 mg/kg), surface water from local lakes and waterbodies (0.010 ± 0.005 mg/l), fresh snow (0.014 ± 0.004 mg/l), and sleet (0.019 ± 0.009 mg/l). Samples from other points of varying elevation in the park also demonstrated contamination. The soil displayed a range of 0.068–5.28 mg/kg, while the mean concentration in leaves was 0.153 ± 0.105 mg/kg, roots was 0.106 ± 0.054 mg/kg, and leaf litter was 0.240 ± 0.112 mg/kg. Additionally, the microbial consortia isolated from the contaminated soil displayed a high tolerance to mercuric chloride, presumably gained through repeated and consistent exposure. Four high tolerance bacterial strains, MTS2C, MTS3A, MTS4B and MTS6A, were further characterized for potential use in bioremediation strategies. Their mercury removal capacities were determined to be 82.35%, 75.21%, 61.95%, and 37.47%, respectively. Overall, the findings presented provide evidence for a highly contaminated environment in the Singalila National Park, that poses significant ecological risk to the flora, fauna and local inhabitants of this biodiversity hotspot. This research also highlights the need for further exploration and monitoring of the Eastern Himalayas for its role as a sink for atmospheric mercury.
The efficacy of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant as adjuvants to local anesthesia in peribulbar block during cataract surgery
Authors: Hassan Ainelmarwa Abdelmonem Abdallah , Elkemary Fatma Alzahraa Roshdy , Abdelrahman Heba Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

Peribulbar anesthesia is mainly used for cataract surgery. Many studies had used atracurium and rocuronium as an additive to the local anesthetic (LA) drugs in eye surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adding atracurium versus rocuronium to a local anesthetic mixture, in providing an early onset of orbital akinesia and corneal anesthesia during cataract surgery. Ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria and gave a written informed consent to participate. Patients were randomly allocated in three study groups (31 patients in each group). Group I received either 3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and 3 ml bupivacaine mixture, plus 0.5 mL rocuronium (5 mg) total volume 6.5 ml. Group II 3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and 3 ml bupivacaine mixture plus 0.5 mL (5 mg) atracurium total volume 6.5 ml. Group III or3 mL of a lidocaine2%(mixed by hyaluronidase 50 IU/ml) and − 3 ml bupivacaine mixture, plus 0.5 mL saline total volume 6.5 ml. The onset time of orbital akinesia was significantly lower in the rocuronium group and the atracurium group compared to the control group. Akinesia score was (0.90 ± 0.30) and (0.19 ± 0.40) in rocuronium group at 4 min and 6 min respectively which result in highly significant difference than atracurium and control groups. The use of rocuronium and atracurium will result in rapid orbital akinesia and rapid orbicularis muscle akinesia.
Effect of boiling water soaking on the mechanical properties and durability of nanoclay-enhanced bamboo and glass fiber epoxy composites
Authors: Ahmad Syed Mansoor , Gowrishankar M. C. , Shettar Manjunath
Published: January 2025

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are subjected to harsh environmental conditions over the course of their designed lifespan. Studying the aging process of fiber-reinforced polymer composites exposed to boiling water is critical for improving their durability. This study uses a hand lay-up technique to fabricate composites from glass fiber, bamboo fiber, nanoclay, and epoxy. Tensile and flexural tests are conducted following ASTM standards. The % of water uptake of the boiling water-soaked specimens is measured, and the performance of the dry composites is compared with those of boiling water-soaked composites. The results show that boiling water-soaking conditions have an adverse impact on all the composites. Boiling water-soaked epoxy samples show a reduction in tensile properties by 25 and 30% and flexural properties by 18 and 22% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling water soaking, respectively, compared to dry ones. Meanwhile, for fiber-reinforced composites, the tensile properties decrease by 19 and 27%, and the flexural properties decline by 12 and 20% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling soaking, respectively. However, incorporating nanoclay enhances the tensile and flexural properties of the epoxy and the composites by 5 to 7% and 10 to 12%, respectively. The water absorption rate and the impact of boiling water-soaking on composite strength decrease with the addition of nanoclay. Additionally, nanoclay reduces the percentage of reduction in tensile properties by 17 and 26% and in flexural properties by 11 and 18% under processes 1 and 2 of boiling soaking, respectively. SEM analysis of the fracture surfaces reveals the causes of specimen failure under tensile load, with distinct differences between dry and boiling water-soaked specimens.
Dioxins and their impact: a review of toxicity, persistence, and novel remediation strategies
Authors: Mathew Nikhila , Somanathan Arvindh , Tirpude Abha , Pillai Anupama M. , Mondal Pabitra , Arfin Tanvir
Published: January 2025

Dioxins rank among the most hazardous persistent organic pollutants, presenting a serious threat due to their long environmental lifespan and capacity for bioaccumulation.
Bioinformatic, structural, and biochemical analysis leads to the discovery of novel isonitrilases and decodes their substrate selectivity
Authors: Hostetler Tyler , Chen Tzu-Yu , Chang Wei-chen
Published: January 2025

Bacterial species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, utilize isonitrile-containing peptides (INPs) for trace metal trafficking, e.g., copper or zinc.
Pseudomorphic replication for surface patterning with porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Suremann Nina F. , Ott Sascha
Published: January 2025

Synergistic atomic layer deposition (ALD) and pseudomorphic replication enable controlled surface patterning with porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The metal oxide serves as MOF precursor and growth-directing reagent.
Hypoxia-responsive bilirubin supramolecular nanoprodrugs for targeted photothermal-chemotherapy
Authors: Xie Yu , Zheng Liangshun , Chen Tingting , Ding Yue
Published: January 2025

A hypoxia-responsive bilirubin (BR) supramolecular nanoprodrug (SCBR/TPZ) was developed via host–guest molecular recognition for lactose-targeted photothermal-chemotherapy with a synergistic effect.
Fluctuation-induced extensive molecular transport via modulation of interaction strength
Authors: Eun Changsun
Published: January 2025

Extensive molecular transport through a CNT is observed in MD simulations with moderate interaction strength, as indicated by a PMF profile with a large flat region.
Enhancing organic SCs efficiency with CSi quantum dots in A–π–D architectures
Authors: Insad S. , Ouarrad H. , Drissi L. B.
Published: January 2025

The role of CSi quantum dots with acceptor–π–donor architectures in enhancing organic solar cell efficiency.
1H isotropic chemical shift metrics for NMR crystallography of powdered molecular organics
Authors: Zakeri Fatemeh , Widdifield Cory M.
Published: January 2025

Proton isotropic chemical shift metrics are robust to substantial reduction in GIPAW DFT computational quality. This finding should allow for more efficient NMR crystallography studies.
Synthesis and characterization of In(iii) S-thiobenzoylthioglycolate complexes and their catalytic applications in CO2 fixation and multicomponent synthetic reactions
Authors: Pratap Rajesh , Sahani Raj Kumar , Maddeshiya Tarkeshwar , Tripathi Himanshu Shekhar , Pandey Mrituanjay D. , Bhattacharya Subrato
Published: January 2025

In(iii) complexes of S-thiobenzoylthioglycolate ligand serve as catalysts in the Knoevenagel condensation, multicomponent reactions, and CO2 fixation showcasing the broad applicability of non-transition metal complexes in sustainable chemical processes.
Electrolytic cement clinker precursor production sustained through orthogonalization of ion vectors
Authors: Zhang Zishuai , Williams Aubry S. R. , Ren Shaoxuan , Mowbray Benjamin A. W. , Parkyn Colin T. E. , Kim Yongwook , Ji Tengxiao , Berlinguette Curtis P.
Published: January 2025

An electrochemical reactor (“cement electrolyser”) in tandem with a chemical reactor (“calcium reactor”) enables electrochemical production of Ca(OH)2 for 50 hours at 100 mA cm−2.
Managing the two mode outputs of triboelectric nanogenerators to reach a pulsed peak power density of 31 MW m−2
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Li Xiaoyi , Xue Na , Wang Jie , Xu Guoqiang , Chen Shougang , Cui Hongzhi , Zi Yunlong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2025

The TENG-MC system features dual-mode output with UO mode and LL mode. The LL mode can provide cathodic protection for 8 h after operating for 2.5 min. The UO mode constructs a pest prevention system that can penetrate insect egg walls.
A perspective on the potential impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on the human central nervous system
Authors: Moiniafshari Kimia , Zanut Alessandra , Tapparo Andrea , Pastore Paolo , Bogialli Sara , Abdolahpur Monikh Fazel
Published: January 2025

Micro- and nanoplastics may cross the blood–brain barrier and potentially contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
Microwave-assisted fabrication of porous flower-like pseudo-boehmite and high-efficiency phosphate removal from water: batch and fixed-bed column continuous operation
Authors: Du Ruohui , Li Huiyu , Ahmed Saeed , Shi Shaowei , Feng Yongjun
Published: January 2025

A microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was developed to produce flower-like porous pseudo-boehmite with a maximum adsorption capacity of 158.58 mg g−1 and a fixed-bed adsorption column capacity of 95% for removal of phosphate.
Polymethylene with cage silsesquioxane: densely grafted structure prevents side-chain crystallization
Authors: Tomioka Yu , Yasui Tomoki , Naka Kensuke , Imoto Hiroaki
Published: January 2025

A polymethylene with cage silsesquioxane in the side chain was synthesized to suppress crystallization via a densely tethered structure. Unlike its polyacrylate counterpart, which formed a turbid film, this polymer gave a clear, uniform film.
Ferroelectric crystals with naphthenic hydrocarbon-modified carborane vertices
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Sun Xiao , Cheng Wenkang , Chen Guoyong , Wei Ying , Wei Zhenhong , Cai Hu
Published: January 2025

We synthesized new ferroelectric carborane crystals modified with carbon atom substituents. The exploration of these new ferroelectric carborane molecules is expected to promote the wider application of ferroelectric materials.
Vitrification of non-meltable zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Ali Mohamed. A. , Qiao Zhihua , Winters Wessel. M. W. , Cai Biao , Mohamed Moushira. A. , Zhang Yanfei , Liu Xiaofeng , Yue Yuanzheng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: January 2025

Different kinds of non-meltable zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks were vitrified into glasses and foams via the structural perturbation approach. The as-fabricated foams demonstrate superior gas adsorption capacities and high gas permeance/selectivity.
Tetratic phase in 2D crystals of squares
Authors: Löffler Robert , Siedentop Lukas , Keim Peter
Published: January 2025

We report the tetratic phase as an intermediate phase between an isotropic fluid and a square crystal composed of micrometer sized squares in two dimensions. The squares are manufactured by direct laser writing in a photoresist.
Topological quantum materials in catalysis
Authors: Sudrajat Hanggara
Published: January 2025

Let's quantum: topological quantum materials offer high electron mobility, stable surface states, and resistance to contamination, making them ideal candidates for next-generation heterogeneous catalysts.
The C-terminal structure of the N6-methyladenosine deaminase YerA and its role in deamination
Authors: Jia Qian , Zeng Hui , Xiao Nan , Tang Jing , Gao Shangfang , Xie Wei
Published: January 2025

The N6-methyladenine (6mA) modification is an essential epigenetic marker and plays a crucial role in processes, such as DNA repair, replication, and gene expression regulation. YerA from Bacillus subtilis is considered a novel class of enzymes that are capable of catalyzing the deamination of 6mA to produce hypoxanthine. Despite the significance of this type of enzymes in bacterial self-defense system and potential applications as a gene-editing tool, the substrate specificity, catalytic mechanism, and physiological function of YerA are currently unclear due to the lack of structural information. In the present study, we expressed the recombinant enzyme and conducted its reconstitution to yield the active form. Our deamination assays showed that N6-methyladenosine (N6-mAdo) served as a more favorable substrate than its base derivative 6mA. Here, we report the high-resolution structure of the C-terminal region of YerA, which exhibited a compact architecture composed of two antiparallel β-sheets with no obvious close structural homologs in Protein Data Bank. We also created docking models to investigate the ligand-binding pattern and found that more favorable contacts of N6-mAdo with the enzyme-binding pocket lead to its preference for N6-mAdo over 6mA. Finally, structural comparison of the N6-methyladenosine monophosphate deaminase allowed us to propose that a plausible role for this C-terminal region is to shield the active site from solvent and protect the intermediate during catalysis. Taken together, this study sheds light on the catalytic mechanism and evolutionary pathways of the promiscuous enzyme YerA, thereby contributing to our molecular understanding of epigenetic nucleoside metabolism.
Metabolically stable apelin analogs: development and functional role in water balance and cardiovascular function
Authors: Couvineau Pierre , Llorens-Cortes Catherine
Published: January 2025

Apelin, a (neuro) vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling water balance and cardiovascular functions. Apelin and its receptor co-localize with vasopressin in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. Apelin receptors (Apelin-Rs) are also expressed in the collecting ducts of the kidney, where vasopressin type 2 receptors are also present. Apelin and vasopressin interact at the brain and renal levels to maintain body fluid homeostasis by regulating diuresis in opposite directions. Apelin and angiotensin II have opposite effects on the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Angiotensin II, by binding to AT1 receptors present in VSMCs, induces intracellular calcium mobilization and vasoconstriction, while apelin, by binding to Apelin-R present on vascular endothelium, increases nitric oxide production and induces vasodilation. Apelin also plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiac function. Apelin-deficient and Apelin-R-deficient mice develop progressive myocardial dysfunction with ageing and are susceptible to heart failure in response to pressure overload. Since the half-life of apelin is very short in vivo (in the minute range), several metabolically stable apelin analogs and non-peptidic Apelin-R agonists have been developed, with potential applications in diverse diseases. In this review, we highlight the interaction between apelin and vasopressin in the regulation of water balance and that between apelin and angiotensin II in the regulation of BP. Additionally, we underline the protective effects of apelin in cardiac function. Lastly, we discuss the beneficial effects of Apelin-R activation in different pathological states such as hyponatremia, hypertension, and heart failure.
Observations of UX Ori in deep minima with the Nordic Optical Telescope
Authors: Tambovtseva L. V. , Djupvik A. A. , Grinin V. P. , Weber H. , Bengtsson H. , De Angelis H. , Duszanowicz G. , Heinonen D. , Hermansson L. , Holmberg G. , Karlsson T. , Larsson M. , Warell J. , Wikander T.
Published: January 2025

Context. UX Orionis stars are the most active young stars; they undergo sporadic fadings of 2–4 magnitudes in the V-band, due to variable circumstellar extinction caused by a nearly edge-on star–disc system. The long-lasting monitoring of a number of stars of this type with the Nordic Optical Telescope from 2019 to 2024 has given a rich collection of material of high-resolution (R ∼ 25 000) spectra obtained during different brightness states of the stars. In this paper, we present the results of observations for UX Ori itself. Until now only one spectrum of high resolution had been obtained for this star during brightness minimum, making it difficult to do a comprehensive analysis.

Aims. Our aim is to analyse how different spectral lines change during such irregular fading events, when the star is going in and out of eclipses, obscured by dust along the line of sight.

Methods. For this purpose we provide a comparative analysis of the profiles and equivalent widths of the spectral lines belonging to the different atoms and ions. In addition we compare the results for UX Ori with those made for another target in our sample: RR Tau.

Results. Common features of variability are revealed: (1) a strengthening of the Hα line relatively to the continuum during eclipses; (2) the appearance of additional emission on the frequencies of photospheric lines (e.g. FeII, CaII, SiII). The different behaviour of the spectral lines during fading found for UX Ori and RR Tau may be caused by two effects: a different contribution of the scattered light to the stellar flux during eclipses or a less intense disc wind of UX Ori.