bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bernhard Nocht
Authors: Hedrich Markus
Published: January 2025

Die Biografie des Begründers des Hamburger Tropeninstituts liefert zugleich Einblicke in die Verfasstheit einer kolonialen Generation. Bernhard Nocht (1857-1945), ein begabter Schüler von Robert Koch, avancierte 1893 zum ersten Hamburger Hafenarzt, gründete 1900 gegen erhebliche Widerstände das weltweit renommierte Hamburger Institut für Schiffs- und Tropenkrankheiten und galt Zeitgenossen als herausragender Gesundheitsmanager und »Vater der deutschen Tropenmedizin«. Weniger bekannt ist Nochts prägende frühe koloniale Erfahrung auf einem deutschen Kanonenboot in der Südsee. Ein Resultat dieser Erfahrung war, dass Nocht den Kolonialismus als »strukturell rassistisches Unrechtssystem« (Jürgen Zimmerer) zeitlebens weiter vorantrieb und beförderte. Markus Hedrichs Studie rekonstruiert Nochts Vita erstmals fundiert aus den Quellen heraus und fragt nach den Schnittpunkten von Kolonialismus, modernem Gesundheitsmanagement und einem sich entfaltenden Netzwerk kolonialer Experten, einer »kolonialen Generation«. Zugleich fokussiert der Autor die politischen Anschauungen des nationalliberalen Nocht vom kaiserzeitlichen Deutschland bis zum NS-Regime. Diese Biografie ist eine Studie über erhebliche tropenmedizinische Erfolge, aber auch über Kolonialrassismus – von Nochts ersten Schritten als Marinearzt in der kolonialen Südsee, über das Direktorat des weltbekannten Hamburger Tropeninstituts bis hin zu seinem Freitod im Juni 1945.
Die Welfen und ihr Vermögen
Authors: Hollatz Gerrit
Published: January 2025

Vermögen erweist sich als zentrales Machtmittel des Hochadels – von der Weimarer Republik über die NS-Zeit bis in die Bundesrepublik. Im November 1918 beseitigte die Revolution die Monarchie. Der Kaiser und die Fürsten mussten abdanken und sich mit ihren Familien ins Exil begeben. Doch die gestürzten Herrscherfamilien zerbrachen hierüber nicht. Im Gegenteil: Viele von ihnen sind bis zum heutigen Tag äußerst wirkmächtig geblieben. Diese simple wie erklärungsbedürftige Feststellung bildet den Ausgangspunkt des Buches. Es geht der Frage nach, wie es zumindest einzelnen der Familien gelang, ihren tiefen Sturz abzufangen, sich zu sammeln und gesellschaftlich neu aufzustellen. Exemplarisch werden dazu die Welfen untersucht – und eines ihrer größten, bislang kaum beachteten Machtmittel: ihr Vermögen. Gestützt auf das umfangreiche Hausarchiv beleuchtet Gerrit Hollatz die Geschichte der Welfen und ihres Vermögens über drei Generationen. Von den Jahren der Weimarer Republik über die NS-Zeit bis hinein in die frühe Bundesrepublik analysiert er, wie die Familie mit und von ihrem beträchtlichen Vermögen lebte, wie sie es verwaltete, nutzte und vererbte. Die familienbiographische Studie leistet so gleichermaßen einen Beitrag zur Adels- wie zur Reichtumsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert.
Naturrecht und Emotion
Authors: Mulsow Martin
Published: January 2025

Naturrecht ist das Recht der Vernunft, doch Menschen werden fast immer von ihren Emotionen bestimmt. Philosophie, Medizin und Theologie um 1700 haben versucht, diese genauer zu ergründen. Was ist, wenn der Mensch komplett seinen Gefühlen und Trieben ausgesetzt ist – weil die Stimme der Vernunft nichts mehr ausrichtet? Während heute eine politische Psychologie, die von der Intelligenz der Emotionen ausgeht, der Lage etwas Gutes abgewinnen kann, gab es um 1700 schon einmal eine epistemische Situation, die sich der Macht der Gefühle stellte; aber mit einem pessimistischen Grundton. Was bleibt dann zu tun? Sind die Furcht vor Bestrafung und die Hoffnung auf Belohnung die einzigen legitimen Affekte, auf die natürliches Recht und gesellschaftlicher Friede bauen können? Oder gibt es Befreiungen, über die der Mensch doch noch zu konstruktiven Lebensweisen findet? Der vielfach mit Preisen ausgezeichnete Ideenhistoriker Martin Mulsow unternimmt eine spannende Achterbahnfahrt durch die Disziplinen, steuert Philosophie und Theologie, aber auch Medizin, Embryologie und Strafrecht, Musik und Ökonomie, Philologie und Kirchengeschichte an, um zu erkunden, was das Wissen von Emotionen im beginnenden 18. Jahrhundert gewesen ist. Auf diese Weise scheinen überraschende Perspektiven auf, die Diskurse von heute im fernen Spiegel der frühen Aufklärung erkennen lassen.
Einreden
Authors: Frei Norbert
Published: January 2025

Als Kolumnist der Süddeutschen Zeitung hat Norbert Frei zwischen 2016 und 2024 regelmäßig über Themen der Zeitgeschichte geschrieben. Der Band versammelt eine Auswahl dieser mit aufgeklärtem Blick auf Geschichte und Gegenwart formulierten Texte. »Weltweit geht es den Populisten darum, die selbstkritische Auseinandersetzung mit der je eigenen Geschichte als antinationale Umtriebe zu stigmatisieren.« Mehr als sieben Jahre lang hat Norbert Frei, einer der renommiertesten Historiker Deutschlands, alle vier Wochen für die Süddeutsche Zeitung eine vielbeachtete Kolumne geschrieben. Für diesen Band hat er ein halbes Hundert dieser jeweils aus aktuellem Anlass verfassten, aber über den Tag hinausweisenden politisch-zeitgeschichtlichen Miniaturen ausgewählt und in eine thematische Ordnung gebracht: »Das nationalsozialistische Erbe«, »Die alte und die neue Rechte«, »Deutsch-Deutsches«, »Deutsche, Juden, Israel«, »Nach dem Überfall auf die Ukraine«, »Demokratieverachtung global«. Frei verbindet in diesem Band die souveräne Beherrschung seines Metiers mit großer Formulierungskunst. Seine »Anmerkungen zur Zeitgeschichte« sind ein unverzichtbarer Beitrag zur Stärkung unserer politischen Urteilskraft; sprachlich herausragend, fachlich fundiert und von hoher Aktualität.
Zwischen Reben und Rüben
Authors: Wagner Andreas
Published: January 2025

Eingängig und stimmungsvoll verfolgt Andreas Wagner am Beispiel seiner eigenen Familie den Wandel von Landwirtschaft und Weinbau über fünf Generationen hinweg. Seit mehr als 450 Jahren betreibt die Familie von Andreas Wagner einen bäuerlichen Betrieb in der Nähe von Mainz. Landwirtschaft, Weinbau und Viehzucht prägten das Leben aller bisherigen Generationen. Die harte Arbeit auf dem Feld und im Weinberg sicherte über Jahrhunderte hinweg die Stellung der Familie im Dorf. Anhand einzelner Protagonisten der vorangegangenen fünf Generationen der Familie erzählt der Autor ebenso von den Agrarinnovationen des 19. Jahrhunderts und dem sich rasant beschleunigenden Strukturwandel in der jungen Bundesrepublik wie von familiären Katastrophen und der Suche jeder Generation nach dem richtigen Partner für die Kinder. Wandel und der Mut zu Veränderungen sind dabei stets unabdingbare Voraussetzungen gewesen, den Familienbetrieb zu erhalten. Nicht selten waren es besonders die Frauen, die die Entwicklung entscheidend prägten. Über alle Zäsuren hinweg gelang es immer, dass eines der Kinder den Betrieb weiterführte – und zwar aus freien Stücken. Andreas Wagners Buch ist eine unterhaltsame, zugängliche und zeitgeschichtlich fundierte Familienchronik. Der Autor zeigt in seinem lebendig und fesselnd erzählten Text, welche Faszination der bäuerliche Familienbetrieb auch bis in die heutige Zeit besitzt und welche Chancen der gesellschaftliche Wandel birgt.
Brain Concussion: Recent Advances, Outcomes, and Challenges
Authors: Tamimi Ahmad , Tamimi Iskandar , Barbarawi Mohamad , Karim Qudah Abdel , Tamimi Faleh
Published: January 2025

The concept of brain concussion is still controversial among researchers and clinicians who address this type of head injury from different perspectives. Some clinicians prefer the term “concussion,” while others favor the term “mild traumatic brain injury” (mTBI). Brain concussion, or mild head injury, affects temporary brain function with clinical symptoms that may include loss of consciousness, memory loss, blurred vision, and confusion. The main etiology includes road traffic accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Brain concussion, or mTBI, is the most common type of head injury. The definition and pathophysiology of this condition are still controversial since research on this topic has been mainly based on animal experimentation. However, recent advances, including neuroimages and neurophysiology, have improved the understanding of brain concussion. This chapter will address the history, background, definition, classification, diagnosis, symptoms, complications, outcome, treatment, prevention, and challenges related to this condition.
Recent Molecular Techniques in Cytogenetics
Authors: Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso , Leonard Kachienga , Mpho Magwalivha , Bono Nethathe
Published: January 2025

Cytogenetics involves all aspects of chromosome biology. Through the application of molecular cytogenetic techniques in biology and medicine, we gain insights into the structural and functional organization of chromosomes, chromosomal abnormalities, and genomic variations in developmental, medical, and cancer genetics. This chapter explores recent advancements in molecular cytogenetics and their implications for managing hereditary diseases. It explores cutting-edge molecular methodologies such as spectral karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing alongside the groundbreaking CRISPR genome editing technology. The chapter will highlight how these technologies have enhanced our understanding of chromosomal abnormalities, genome variation, and the genetic basis of hereditary diseases. Furthermore, it will shed light on the potential of these advancements in paving the way for novel therapeutic interventions aimed at rectifying genetic abnormalities associated with hereditary diseases, thereby offering new avenues for medical intervention and treatment.
Next-Generation Tools for Nutrition-Inclusive Breeding for Cereals
Authors: Choudhary Sunita , Anbazhagan Krithika , Kholová Jana , Murugesan Tharanya , Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi , Chadalawada Keerthi , Subramanya Vara Prasad Kodukula Venkata , Nankar Amol N. , Mani Vetriventhan , Chandra Maya , Banoriya Rashmi , Vadez Vincent
Published: January 2025

Addressing global malnutrition requires improving the nutritional quality of major crops and promoting nutritionally rich crops. However, breeding for improving nutritional traits is challenging, particularly in the absence of rapid and precise phenotyping of these parameters. Quick phenotyping is crucial as it allows breeders to select lines with high nutritional value alongside yield and other important traits while advancing the generations. Traditionally, grain nutritional and quality assessments have relied on wet-lab analytical services, which are slow, costly, and often inaccessible. To overcome these limitations, rapid and cost-effective sensor-based technologies have emerged as a promising solution. Interdisciplinary research combining sensor technology, AI, biochemistry, and crop science has significantly advancing the grain composition analysis, and post-harvest trait evaluation. Tools like near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and computer tomography (CT) are increasingly getting utilized to ensure quality standards in trade, nutrition, and food safety. These technologies focus on key traits precisely, time, and cost-effectively, with early findings highlighting their potential for scalable solutions. Such advancements are essential for nutrition-sensitive breeding and improving food safety, quality-based payments for farmers, and supporting global efforts against malnutrition. The swift adoption of these technologies in breeding programs, supported by public-private partnerships, is crucial for sustainable development.
A New Driving Force of Regional Sustainable Development: Green Transition
Authors: Xu Shengxia , Wang Lirong , Zhang Yaru
Published: January 2025

A comprehensive framework on the relationship between green transition and regional sustainable development is constructed, and a two-step geometric average method is proposed to measure green transition, seeking to reveal the mechanisms and influences of the regional economy. Meanwhile, first, the green transition may contribute not only to regional economic growth but also to the sustainable development of regional economies, and the competitiveness of economic development and technological innovation spillovers has risen significantly as a key factor in the process. Second, on the one hand, the nonlinear may be presented for the different “U-shaped” trends at the national level; on the other hand, the dimensional heterogeneity effect of green transformation may fully release the dividends of green transformation by improving economic quality and environmental governance capacity. Third, external shocks, such as COVID-19, economic growth, and the economic gap may have the requirements for a green transition. Moreover, the relationship between the two may influenced by time period, which presents the long-term or short-term sliding window characteristics.
International Price Shocks and Financial Soundness: The Impact of Government Policies – A Systematic Review
Authors: Bao Trung Phan , Le Van Dao
Published: January 2025

This chapter further investigates whether a surge in international commodity resources serves as a “godsend” or a “misfortune” for the financial markets of various nations. By using a systematic review approach, we focus on examining the relationship among three factors: (1) the growth of a country’s financial market in response to (2) an international price shock and (3) the government’s role in mitigating these shocks. Our analysis reveals that, even when accounting for institutional quality and the financial system’s capacity, an increase in resource windfall generally improves the overall health of financial markets, though it also introduces certain short-term vulnerabilities. Notably, we evaluate the role of macroprudential policies in response to these shocks and discover that strategies, such as cautious loan restrictions, financial liberalization, and capital preservation, effectively mitigate short-term risks during significant price changes, regardless of whether these changes are favorable or unfavorable. In summary, our findings, which remain robust across multiple tests, align more closely with the “new trade” theory rather than the notion of a “resource curse.”
Applicability of Ultrasound Volumetric Approach in the Prenatal Detection of Fetal CNS Anomalies
Authors: Matei Alexandra
Published: January 2025

Accessibility to newer imaging technologies has led, over the last years, to improved detection of prenatal CNS anomalies. Considering the implications regarding poor prognosis and postnatal adverse fetal outcomes, the early detection rate is still considered unsatisfactory, mostly related to 2D ultrasound examinations, which are highly operator-dependent. Transvaginal 3D volumetric ultrasound offers the possibility of multiplanar analysis of fetal CNS architecture but requires a spatial sense of anatomic landmark distribution. Automated and semiautomated volumetric approaches are currently being studied, and promising results underline their advantages compared to fetal magnetic resonance imaging, which is time- and resource-consuming. 3D volume contrast imaging C (VCI-C) depicts considerable aspects of cerebellar and vermis morphology, allowing concomitant biometric measurements. The possibility to examine additional diagnostic planes increases vizualization of specific intracranial structures, leading to extensive insight into specific anomalies. Implementation of standard neurosonographic plane acquisition could overcome several downfalls of the ultrasound volumetric reconstruction approach.
Advancing Environmental Monitoring through AI: Applications of R and Python
Authors: K. Hackenberger Branimir , Djerdj Tamara , K. Hackenberger Domagoj
Published: January 2025

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs), artificial intelligence (AI), and programming languages such as Python and R has revolutionized environmental monitoring. These technologies enhance data analysis, automate reporting, and improve communication among stakeholders, enabling more informed and timely decision-making. AI-driven tools facilitate a wide range of environmental monitoring activities, including pollution tracking, species conservation, and climate change analysis, by increasing the accuracy and speed of data processing. The predictive capabilities of AI are essential for forecasting environmental conditions and trends, supporting the development of effective policies and actions. Additionally, AI aids in regulatory compliance by continuously monitoring and analyzing real-time data, alerting authorities to potential violations. Community engagement is also enhanced as AI makes environmental data accessible and understandable, fostering greater public awareness and participation in conservation efforts. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data privacy, model bias, interpretability, and data quality must be addressed to fully leverage the potential of these technologies. As AI, Python, and R continue to evolve, their applications in environmental sciences are expected to significantly contribute to sustainable development and conservation efforts globally.
BCNet: A Novel Deep Learning Model for Enhanced Breast Cancer Classification Using Histopathological Images
Authors: Amare Getu Mikiyas , Lu Chao , Liu Yumeng , Mehmood Anam , Iqbal Zoya , Zhang Xianbin
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. Histopathological examination of breast tissue samples is the gold standard for diagnosing breast cancer, but this process is subjective, time-consuming, and reliant on the level of the pathologist’s expertise. This study introduces a new deep learning model, Breast Cancer Network (BCNet), specifically designed to detect and classify breast cancer. BCNet, a 22-layer convolutional neural network (CNN), aims to enhance diagnostic accuracy by capturing high-level discriminative features tailored to breast tissue images. The BCNet model was evaluated against established CNN models, demonstrating superior performance, achieving an accuracy of up to 99.8% for binary classification and 99.6% for multi-class classification at different magnifications. These results highlight BCNet’s robustness and potential to reduce diagnostic errors and assist pathologists. Future research should explore the generalizability of BCNet across larger datasets and its integration into clinical workflows to provide real-time, AI-assisted diagnostic support.
Game Theory in Water Quality Management
Authors: Moridi Ali
Published: January 2025

Game theory systematically examines competition and cooperation among stakeholders with conflicting objectives, such as managing downstream water supply and waste load allocation. Games are defined as mathematical models comprising players, available strategies, and payoffs for each strategy combination. These payoffs determine decisions and game types as non-zero- and zero-sum games. Game theory-based issues are mostly multi-decision-maker and multi-criteria problems. Most problems are simplified in a conventional optimization model with a single decision-maker and a unified objective model. This approach assumes perfect cooperation among decision-makers, who optimize the overall objective without prioritizing individual goals. However, game theory maintains that each decision-maker optimizes their own objective, considering the mutual influence of decisions. Game theory predicts stable, but not necessarily Pareto-optimal outcomes, as players focus on maximizing their benefits. It realistically simulates stakeholder behavior, often resulting in non-cooperative behavior even when there is more beneficial cooperation. In water quality conflict resolution, game theory models interest groups as decision-makers, whose combined choices determine conflict outcomes. It provides a framework for analyzing water conflicts and suggests innovative solutions for better resolution.
Applying a Zero Carbon Footprint Strategy to Improve Environmental and Energy Security
Authors: Lousada Sérgio , Delehan Svitlana , Vilčekova Silvia , Khorolskyi Andrii
Published: January 2025

This article presents an empirical study on enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings in Ukraine, particularly in the context of post-war reconstruction. The research focuses on implementing measures based on environmental screening and life cycle assessment (LCA). Using LCA software, the study compares various methods for measuring environmental impacts, confirming significant potential for energy savings and emission reductions. The comprehensive LCA considers all stages of a building’s life cycle, including material extraction, production, construction, operation, maintenance, and final disposal or recycling. This analysis provides an objective assessment of the environmental impacts of construction activities. The findings highlight that transitioning from an energy certificate C to B is a highly effective strategy for improving energy efficiency. Recommendations include adopting advanced technologies and materials to optimise energy consumption and reduce emissions, supporting sustainable development and natural resource conservation. Additionally, the study emphasises the importance of incorporating leading building certification technologies such as Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) to ensure high standards in sustainable building practices. The analysis also identifies shortcomings in Ukrainian environmental legislation, underscoring the necessity of rebuilding according to global and European construction standards. These efforts are crucial for improving environmental conditions amidst the substantial rebuilding demand following the conflict.
Pseudotsuga menziesii ((Mirb.) Franco) in Portugal: A Review of Species Characteristics, Silviculture, and Management
Authors: Fidalgo Fonseca Teresa , Emília Silva Maria , Luís Lousada José , Sales Luis Jaime , Cristina Gonçalves Ana
Published: January 2025

Pseudotsuga menziesii ((Mirb.) Franco), known as Douglas fir, is a prominent conifer species native to North America. It is known for its adaptability, rapid growth, and high-quality wood. It was introduced to Europe in the nineteenth century and is currently the most abundant non-native tree species cultivated in Central European forests. In Portugal, the species was initially cultivated as an ornamental plant and used for experimental purposes. However, its notable qualities, particularly its high volume production, have garnered significant interest. This has led to the implementation of reforestation programs, which expanded the forested areas by the late twentieth century. This study aims to review the state-of-the-art on the species, with a focus on forest stands outside its natural distribution area, specifically in Portugal. The authors present information on the species’ traits, growth dynamics, silviculture and management, available models to support its management, and wood properties. The main specific areas covered are: (i) the botanical and ecological characteristics of the species, including its distribution, genetic diversity, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; (ii) silvicultural practices and management strategies adapted to the species in Portugal, along with an overview of models and decision support tools; and (iii) characteristics of wood, covering its biometry, physical and mechanical properties.
Causes and Consequences of Stress at the Workplace of Nursing Employees in Slovenian Hospitals
Authors: Dobnik Mojca , Skela Savič Brigita , Maletič Matjaž , Lorber Mateja
Published: January 2025

Nursing employees often encounter various stressors during their professional activities, which reduce their work efficiency and can affect their mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between job stress and the quality of workplace. The study found that, on average, nurses feel constant pressure (M = 1.33, SD = 0.77), that they have psychological problems due to work (M = 0.73, SD = 0.62), which are most closely related to information support, electronic rather than paper documentation (r = 0.347***, p < 0.001). The strongest correlation was between poor work organization and intention to quit the job (r = −0.378***, p < 0.001). The results show that psychological problems are significantly associated with lack of support (β = 0.138, p = 0.006). Factors that significantly affect the occurrence of stress among nursing employees are the organization of work, and the competences and skills of health management for working with nursing employees. The chapter addresses why it is important that nursing management and policymakers develop strategies to ensure adequate numbers of competent staff and establish a supportive management system.
Tunisian Pregnant Women Benefiting from Cervical Ripening in the Third Trimester
Authors: Hafsi Montacer , Kristou Eya , Mraihi Fathi , Chelli Dalenda
Published: January 2025

Cervical maturation in the third trimester is crucial to prepare the cervix for childbirth and ensure successful vaginal delivery. This study aimed to describe the profile of patients requiring cervical maturation and evaluate the outcomes of mechanical and chemical methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 100 parturients at the Obstetric Gynecology Department "D" of Tunis maternity and neonatology center (CMNT) between 2020 and 2022. Pregnant women at term with unfavorable Bishop scores and cephalic presentation were included. Exclusions were based on contraindications to vaginal delivery and multiple pregnancies. The primary outcome was the rate of vaginal delivery, with secondary outcomes including labor duration and maternal and neonatal results. The average patient age was 29 years, with 50% being primiparous. Post-term pregnancy was the most common indication for cervical maturation. The Foley catheter was used in 70% of cases, while Misoprostol was used in 30%. Labor lasted 15 hours with Misoprostol and 18 hours with the Foley catheter. Vaginal delivery occurred in 80% of cases, with a 40% cesarean rate for failed inductions. Tachysystole occurred in 6% of cases, and perineal tears were reported in 26.09% (Misoprostol) and 21.06% (Foley catheter) cases. Most newborns had satisfactory Apgar scores, with 5% requiring resuscitation and 10% needing hospitalization. Both methods are effective, but risks require careful management.
A Mechanistic Common Denominator of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and a Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Friedman Hagit
Published: January 2025

Neural development is a highly intricate process that begins at the molecular level and culminates in the formation of complex neural circuits. This developmental journey involves a cascade of events influenced, synchronized, and controlled by genetic, epigenetic, and ambient factors. The enigma of developmental disorders is a continuously growing scientific and clinical issue. Various fetal injuries and birth trauma increase babies’ vulnerability to developmental problems. These pronounce impairments in the proliferation and plasticity of synapses and brain circuits. Developmental impairments manifest in delayed developmental milestones, sensory dysregulation, cognitive difficulties, seizures, abnormal muscle tone, and more. The DSM-5 sorts developmental disorders into clusters, appearing with high comorbidity among themselves: intellectual developmental disability, communication disorder, ASD, ADHD, motor disorders affecting developmental milestones since infancy, and specific learning disorders. Individuals affected with developmental disorders may exhibit a spectrum of impairment severity and experience varying degrees of symptoms and deficits, despite having the same diagnosis. The wide range of associated symptoms and severity result in various levels of mental, emotional, and physical consequences. Despite the diverse expressions, developmental disorders share a common cellular mechanistic denominator—intracellular mitochondrial function, affecting a variety of intra—and intercellular functions. A mechanism-oriented intervention would minimize developmental neurological and functional deficits. Low-power laser therapy is a nonintrusive painless therapeutic tool. Employing laser acupoint stimulation to auricular and body clinically proven locations generates a novel and powerful, neuro-based therapeutic approach, to improve neurodevelopmental track of infants and children. In the chapter, I discuss and analyze these scientific clinical issues.
Adipose Tissue and Cancer
Authors: Bakour Noor , Duggan Claudine , L. Annett Stephanie
Published: January 2025

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major endocrine organ with crucial physiological functions in energy homeostasis, hormonal regulation, and immune function. It is comprised of a vast repertoire of cell types including adipocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and stem cells each with their own tissue-specific role. Disturbances in AT physiology can occur in conditions such as metabolic syndrome and obesity and are associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases including cancer. Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and alarmingly, rates of both cancer and obesity are rising. Obesity has become a well-established risk factor for the development of several cancer types and can lead to worse outcomes and increased mortality rates in patients with cancer. Dysfunctional AT associated with obesity demonstrates an altered cell composition profile and secretes factors that benefit cellular transformation, cancer growth and progression, and metastasis. In addition, a bidirectional relationship between the AT and cancer cells involves cell-cell crosstalk, which ultimately benefits tumor growth. Here, we discuss the epidemiology of obesity-associated cancer and the molecular mechanisms that link AT dysfunction in obesity to the development and progression of cancer.
Perspective Chapter: Joint Energy Harvesting and Data Transfer for Medical Implants Exploiting Light - Concept and Preliminary Results
Authors: Fuada Syifaul , Särestöniemi Mariella , Katz Marcos
Published: January 2025

The potential of using light as an alternative energy source and a medium for communicating with medical implants is attractive. Light can propagate through biological tissues, and it is well known that maximum penetration takes place with near-infrared (NIR) light. Light has several advantages, making it quite attractive for communication compared to radio frequency (RF) or acoustic waves. Light communications, in particular, are highly secure, safe, and private wireless links while also presenting opportunities for low-power implementation. Moreover, the light-based operation is free from electromagnetic interference. In the context of the wireless power transfer (WPT) method for medical implants, light also has unique advantages compared to RF and acoustics waves, that is, secure wireless charging capabilities. The emission of NIR light carrying the modulated data that passes through the biological tissue can further be converted into electrical energy by photovoltaic (PV) cells, enabling medical implants to be powered by light. In this chapter, a new paradigm in modern implanted devices, that is, joint data transfer and energy harvesting by exploiting light, is described. We present the progress of research (preliminary results) on experiments using a tissue-mimicking phantom emulating the human soft tissue, conducted in our laboratory to prove the concept, showcasing the potential of the data transfer and energy harvesting method by utilizing light. We demonstrate that optical channels are established at a depth of approximately 40 mm across the phantom, allowing for both wireless data and energy transfer with the implanted devices.
Good Practices and Recommendations in the Management of Cruise Tourism in the Port of Ibiza
Authors: Camarero Orive Alberto , Vaca-Cabrero Javier , González-Cancelas Nicoletta , Revilla Alonso Ignacio
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the management of cruise tourism in the port of Ibiza, focusing on its recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective is to assess how port infrastructure and transport options have adapted to support the growth of cruise traffic while emphasizing sustainability. The methodology involved a comprehensive review of existing literature, a collection of secondary data from the Port Authority of the Balearic Islands, and a critical analysis of passenger flow and infrastructure capacity. Statistical and graphic analyses were conducted to identify trends in passenger numbers and evaluate the adequacy of the current infrastructure. A key finding is the significant recovery in cruise traffic in 2023, surpassing pre-pandemic levels, which highlights the port’s importance to the local economy. The adoption of sustainable transport options, such as busses and boats using cleaner fuels, has also been crucial in reducing environmental impact and managing increased passenger numbers. In conclusion, the port of Ibiza has demonstrated resilience and effective capacity management, consolidating its position as a key tourist destination in the Mediterranean. Long-term sustainability strategies and innovative transport solutions are essential for ensuring balanced growth and enhancing the overall tourist experience.
Intelligent Scheduling: How AI and Advanced Analytics Are Revolutionizing Time Optimization
Authors: Soofastaei Ali
Published: January 2025

Scheduling is critical in optimizing time and resources across industries, yet traditional scheduling methods struggle to manage the complexity and dynamic nature of modern operational environments. This chapter explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced analytics transform scheduling by providing innovative solutions to age-old challenges. Through machine learning, predictive analytics, and optimization algorithms, AI-driven systems are enabling real-time decision-making and demonstrating adaptability by adjusting schedules to evolving conditions, thereby delivering higher efficiency. The chapter delves into key AI techniques such as genetic algorithms, dynamic scheduling, and multi-objective optimization, showcasing how these tools are applied in manufacturing and logistics industries. Real-world examples illustrate the tangible benefits AI offers, from reducing production downtime to improving patient care and optimizing delivery routes. This emphasis on practical value is intended to convince the audience of AI’s significant impact on scheduling. Looking forward, the chapter explores emerging trends such as autonomous scheduling, the integration of AI with the Internet of Things (IoT), and the potential of quantum computing to revolutionize scheduling further. Ultimately, this chapter demonstrates that AI and advanced analytics are solving today’s complex scheduling problems and reshaping the future of time optimization across industries.
The Essential Properties of Oils for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ifeanyichukwu Umeh Sunday , Anadebe Okonkwo Peter
Published: January 2025

The quest for production of high-quality biodiesel with improved combustion properties at low cost, and the commercialization of biodiesel, has remained a relevant topic in today’s global energy market due to the need to achieve extensive substitution of fossil diesel with biodiesel fuel. This chapter examined the essential properties of oils for optimal biodiesel production and provided a comprehensive guideline for identification of suitable biodiesel oil feed-stocks, selection of appropriate processing parameters as well as methods for the optimized production of high-quality biodiesel at minimal cost. It enumerated the various essential properties of oil feed-stocks for biodiesel production, known as the physicochemical properties of biodiesel feedstock oils. The properties include viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, kinematic viscosity, free fatty acid, saponification value, acid value, moisture content, calorific value, cetane number, cloud point, pour point, oxidation stability, iodine value, peroxide value, and refractive index. The determination of the oils’ characteristics, and comparison with recommended ASTM D6751 values, prior to the conversion of the oils to biodiesel is essential for selecting the best pretreatment and post-treatment methods to be deployed in the biodiesel production process. The oils’ properties, which are closely related to the biodiesel performance characteristics, determine the quality of biodiesel, its yield, the produced biodiesel performance in engines, and aid in determining how to handle the bio-oil conversion process to obtain biodiesel with enhanced properties. In writing this chapter, a comprehensive review of research publications, conference papers on biodiesel production and other related articles, was undertaken, and the findings presented.
Shale Gas: Environmental and Radiological Aspects
Authors: Hernandez-Mendez Beatriz , Suarez-Contreras Sergio , Carlos Sanchez-Meza Juan , E. Gutierrez-Segura Edith , Balcazar Miguel
Published: January 2025

Radiological effects on population and environment due to fracking unconventional hydrocarbons is given in this study. Evaluation on environmental effects concerning extraction process is given. Effects on fauna and humans during fracking process, including on air, water and soil, are mentioned. Unconventional oil and gas extraction generates Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM); their associations to radiological aspects are comment. Our environmental radiological baseline studies at three prospecting fracking zones in Mexico showed no radiological hazard to population. The natural gamma radioactivity before fracking had a maximum equivalent dose rate of 1.83 mSv a−1, in the low value of the acceptable background interval (1–13) mSv a−1 stated by UNSCEAR. The 226Ra and 228Ra maximum concentration obtained in soil (59.2 ± 3.6 and 38.5 ± 5.0 Bq kg−1, respectively) for this baseline are both in the average global-interval concentration reported by UNSCEAR; gross alpha and gross beta in water were all below the suggested limits by the World Health Organization of 0.5 and 1.0 Bq L−1, respectively, for drinking water. An important conclusion is that water stress is an important issue before considering fracking activities in Mexico.
Strategic Flexibility, Firm Performance, and Firm Value
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Quah Chee-Heong
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces ambidextrous innovation into the linkage between strategic flexibility and firm performance. It aims to theoretically reveal the strategic flexibility mechanism that affects firm performance and expands the theoretical perspective of ambidextrous innovation. From the perspective of resource orchestration theory, the moderating role of resource orchestration is considered. This study analyzes the influence of strategic flexibility, ambidextrous innovation, and resource orchestration on firm performance, to supplement and improve the existing research deficiencies. This work also explores the scientificity and rationality of firm value as a standard of firm performance.
Organic Fertilizer: Indonesia’s Legacy for a Sustainable Future
Authors: Kemala Dewi Ratih , Puji Mumpuni Restu , Iqbal Nurulhaq Muhammad , Julio Pratama Agief , Wiraguna Edi , Sekar Mardisiwi Ririh , Hasian Situmeang Widya , Budiarto Tri , Kasman Hadi Saputra Henry
Published: January 2025

In the current state of soil degradation, organic fertilizers are crucial for sustainable agricultural production in Indonesia. As Indonesia is a major agricultural production, this review that mainly comes from locally published papers from Indonesia reported that organic fertilizers are crucial for sustainable agricultural production in Indonesia. They have been used in natural farming practices long before Indonesia was established. Organic fertilizers come in various forms, including compost (crop residues, manure, vermicompost, and maggot compost), green manure, biofertilizers, and biochar. They are primarily used as soil amendments to enhance soil and plant health. Organic fertilizers can be combined with inorganic fertilizers or applied alone. For effective organic farming, organic fertilizers must be managed in conjunction with other practices to boost crop productivity and economic value. The long tradition of organic farming and fertilizers is upheld by local communities. The Indonesian government continues to provide assistance and support to promote the use of organic fertilizers, enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Machine Learning in Procurement with a View to Equity
Authors: Fatima Ishrat , Nai Roberto , Meo Rosa
Published: January 2025

The application of machine learning to big data from tenders published in Italy provides significant benefits to public administrations and economic operators, including improved procurement processes. Quantitative results from our study show a 96.5% accuracy using XGBoost models for predicting the presence of tender variations during contract execution. These models estimate the likelihood of variations in upcoming tenders: their correct prediction is a valuable tool because variations avoidance reduces completion time and costs of public contracts. Additionally, explainable AI tools help the description graphically and intuitively of the analyzed data. They also allow the analyst to highlight potential biases in tender participation and their awards, contributing to fairer public procurement. The results of their application to public tenders show that strong differences in the Italian country exist with a consequent lack of equity. Finally, the application of recommendation systems on the tender notices shows they are an effective cognitive tool to search for similar tenders and retrieve the actors involved, such as public administrations or economic operators. The precision score of the answers is above the value of 90% for the 74.15% of the queries. The chapter describes the tasks that permit the achievement of the above objectives.
Perspective Chapter: Intrusion Detection Systems in Cloud Environment
Authors: Almuseelem Waleed
Published: January 2025

This chapter covers surveys on intrusion detection systems in cloud environments, such as Suricata, OSSEC, Bro (Zeek), and Snort, to monitor an Amazon VPC’s traffic to demonstrate the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) tools’ effectiveness in countering network attacks in the cloud environment. We test the systems using practical experiments on them using Amazon VPC’s. For additional enhancement, we study the ability to use artificial intelligence tools with IDS to take advantage of features from these IDS tools to arrive at high-performance systems that will be influenced to improve cloud security and data privacy in the cloud environment and make a mechanism to protect cloud users and their data from intruders’ threats. Practical experiments reveal that OSSEC recorded more alarms than Snort and Suricata within 3 hours. The use of AI with Amazon CloudWatch allows real-time metrics from IDS tools such as Suricata, Snort, and Zeek to be monitored. Potential challenges of using AI in IDSs include latency in data processing and query execution that limit real-time application and the need for careful planning (with large-scale log data).
Biochar in Sustainable Agriculture: Fertilizer from Natural Resources?
Authors: Carmen López-Pérez Mari , Iliana Ramírez-Bustos Irene , Ivette Chy-young Peñuñuri Karla , Javier Gastelum Reyes Julio , Mendivil Morales Miriam , Pérez-Labrada Fabián
Published: January 2025

Continuous and excessive use of synthetic fertilizers in food production generates strong pressure on agroecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to study and standardize alternatives that promote environmental health, such as biochar. Biochar (a blackish solid obtained from the pyrolysis of vegetable waste, food industry waste, animal waste, or water processing waste) is characterized by its high content of mineral carbon, high presence of functional groups, and richness of nutrients such as potassium (K+). Its use in soils improves the organic matter content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), which promotes crop nutrition. In addition to describing biochar manufacturing processes, this chapter aims to emphasize its role as a fertilizer, its stimulating effects on the soil microbiome and enzymatic activity, and its positive effects on plant health. Understanding biochar as a biofertilizer can be considered an ecological strategy for food production. However, the agricultural sector must consider the limitations of its production and use as fertilizer.
Subjective Meaning Communication: A Psycholinguistics Cognitive and Affective Critical Thinking Perspective
Authors: Laffita Rivera Joel
Published: January 2025

The adoption of norms, values, principles, and beliefs established by human societies has a significant cognitive and emotional impact on how people think. This, in turn, influences our behavior. A clear example of this is how we assign subjective meaning to communication, based on our personal experiences, beliefs, and perspectives. As a result, many of us find it challenging to think critically and outside the established norms, as these norms can act as obstacles to innovative thought. From a psycholinguistic perspective, the chapter examined the relationship between linguistic factors and psychological aspects, focusing on how language is processed and represented in the mind and brain. This can be explored through the lens of Cognitive and Affective Domain Neighbors, where patterns of language and cultural connectedness can help us observe, identify, track, and importantly, address behavioral approaches. This book chapter aims to present a psycholinguistic perspective on cognitive and affective critical thinking. It applies the philosophy of subjective meaning in communication to academic and scientific concepts. The semantic differential (SD) method is employed as a measurement system for evaluating the subject matter. A qualitative approach based on scientific methods was used for data collection and analysis. The results of this study are anticipated to benefit the academic and scientific research communities.
Contrast-Enhanced Thyroid Ultrasound in Detecting Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Bena Andreea , Moisa Luca Luciana , Stoian Dana
Published: January 2025

Thyroid nodules pose a diagnostic challenge, with some displaying suspicious features that may be present both in benign and malignant entities. While ultrasound evaluation is the frontline imaging method, it sometimes falls short in distinguishing between the two. This chapter explores the innovative approach of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) as a complementary tool in thyroid nodule assessment. CEUS provides invaluable insights into nodular microvascular perfusion, offering a safe and easily accessible method with minimal adverse reactions or contraindications. Numerous studies suggest that CEUS features such as early washout, heterogeneous or hypo-enhancement, and areas of no enhancement in solid thyroid nodules, improve the predictive value for malignancy. In this chapter, we explore the role of CEUS as a potential game-changer in improving ultrasound diagnostic accuracy for thyroid nodules, particularly in cases with unclear results or indeterminate fine-needle aspiration cytology.