bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic Arrays on Flat Roofs – An Aspect of Yearly Energy Production
Authors: Zöld András , Seprődi-Egeresi Márta
Published: February 2014

Insolation of the total area of PV arrays is the precondition of their smooth, undisturbed regime. On flat roofs the PV arrays are arranged typically in rows. In many design guides whilst checking their insolation a typical fault is that the distance between the rows is adjusted to the solar altitude at noon in December. Nevertheless in this case the undisturbed insolation is guaranteed only theoretically for a moment: just at noon, practically for a few minutes. It is to be pondered by the designer, how long should be the period of the obstruction-free solar access: if it is four hours, the altitude at 10 or 14 oclock must be considered. Certainly the result will be a greater distance between the rows however in this case less energy collecting area can be put on the roof. There are two options: either to insist on the operation in December at the cost of less energy collecting area or to abandon the energy production in this period in order to have larger energy collecting surface. The question is the yearly balance: irradiation round the year onto a smaller surface or to make use of the less irradiation on a bigger energy collecting surface.
Impact of Concrete Recycled Materials on some Properties of Concrete
Authors: Ledererová Miriam
Published: February 2014

Recycling building demolition waste in addition to environmental benefits is also economically interesting. In addressing the environmental issues it is recommended to give priority to recovery and rational utilization of waste with regard to their basic characteristics before disposal respectively storage. Issue of the use of recycled materials in concrete structures and their disposal in the world and in our longer pays much attention. Use and recycling of construction materials is a great asset for more prospective and progressive methods of construction waste utilizations. The program focused on waste management is therefore necessary to reconcile economic and environmental aspects in order to come to an optimal solution of the issue of waste and environmental protection.
Improving the Thermal Insulation Properties of Brick Products Using Chemical Additive Vuppor
Authors: Šveda Mikuláš
Published: February 2014

The brick products which are nowadays produced for the building envelopes have to meet ever higher demands in terms of their thermal properties. These demands can be achieved not only by means of an appropriate geometric shape but also by means of producing a brick body with low thermal conductivity. Such thermal conductivity can be the result of application of various combustible pore-forming agents (such as wood sawdust and cellulose wastes). In this paper we outline the decrease of thermal conductivity by means of two modifications of the Vuppor chemical additive.
Study of the Properties of the Environmentally Friendly Insulation Materials
Authors: Zach Jiří , Hroudová Jitka
Published: February 2014

Increasing demand for new progressive construction materials requires development of modern environmentally friendly materials with excellent end-use properties and reasonable price. One of the main objectives of material research in building industry is using renewable resources of raw materials of industrial waste for development of new construction materials. Current trend of thermal insulation of building constructions results in development of environmentally friendly insulation materials based on renewable material resources from agriculture and stock farming, which could became alternative for current common use insulation materials in the future. Paper describes results of research and development of materials based on natural fibres.
Timber as Renewable Building Material and its Use in Modern Architecture
Authors: Korček Pavol
Published: February 2014

Wood is one of the completely renewable natural materials. Thanks to its unique properties, many experts consider wood to be a building material of the 21st century. Characteristics of its qualities. The most commonly used wood based structural systems. Examples of realized wooden buildings.
Interaction of New Physical-Energy Quantification of Buildings and Renewable Energy Sources as a Dominant Production Technology of Natural Capital
Authors: Bielek Milan , Bielek Boris , Híreš Juraj
Published: February 2014

Transition to a sustainable society. Transforming of the energy market. The social value of CO2 emissions. Development of technology in architecture for a sustainable society. Change of the value system in society. The dominant production technology of the capital of nature with simultaneous ecosystem restoring. Renewable energy sources of predictable and unpredictable type. Renewable energy sources as a conditioning factor of fundamental concept changes of energy quantification of buildings. Requirements for physical quantification of buildings with a zero energy balance in relation to energy distribution networks. Green buildings with zero heat balance of the network - buildings with nearly zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable buildings with zero energy balance of the network. Sustainable building with an active energy balance in relation to distribution networks.
Sound Insulation Properties of the Facade Elements - The Influence of Filling Cavities of Facade Elements on the Values of Laboratory Airborne Sound Insulation
Authors: Kolářová Zuzana , Kalousek Lubor
Published: February 2014

The paper is focused on the issues of sound insulation properties of the facade elements which are currently applied mainly at industrial hall buildings. Requirements for the sound insulation properties of these buildings are requested not only from users themselves, but also from residents of surrounding objects, who are often disturbed by operation of the halls. In the paper are presented outcomes from laboratory measurements of the specific samples of external cladding. These measurements were performed by the mutual cooperation between the laboratory of the Brno University of Technology and the firm of civil engineering practice, which develops and produces these constructions. Presented data are focused particularly on the influence of filling cavities of facade elements just with regard to the sound insulation properties, i.e. the values of laboratory airborne sound insulation.
Utilization of Risk Analysis Methods in Decision-Making Process on Fitness of Rehabilitation
Authors: Kubečka Karel , Vlček Pavel , Kubečková Darja , Pieszka Daniel
Published: February 2014

The paper reflects the possibility of utilization of methods and proceedings used in risk assessment for area different from nowadays usage. Risk determination is customary for large and significant constructions within the feasibility study. Used procedures and methods can be applied very well in some cases of experts and authorized proceedings, such as setting the sequence of buildings acceptable for reconstruction of objects in defined group, or setting the coefficient for specification of claim amount arisen in the construction in the case of time-independent price.
SEMERGY: Performance-Guided Building Design and Refurbishment within a Semantically Augmented Optimization Environment
Authors: Wlosiuk Dawid , Ghaissi Neda , Pont Ulrich , Shayeganfar Ferial , Mahdavi Ardeshir , Fenz Stefan , Heurix Johannes , Anjomshoaa Amin , Tjoa A.M.
Published: February 2014

This contribution illustrates recent efforts in the research project SEMERGY, a computational environment, which incorporates semantic web technologies to support building design and refurbishment optimization. A major part of the necessary information for energy efficient building planning is implicitly available in the World Wide Web. However, this theoretically valuable repository of information cannot be practically used, given its ill-structured nature. SEMERGY addresses this very problem through a number of developments. Specifically, SEMERGY: 1) embeds a comprehensive building data model, 2) incorporates an Ontology for building product data, 3) deploys a rule-based logic for identification of valid building construction alternatives, 4) provides an easy-to-use optimization procedure evaluating energy demand, environmental impact, and investment costs of alternatives, and 5) offers a web-based Graphical User Interface. The present contribution provides a general overview of the whole project and documents the state of its development.
Total Solar Energy Transmittance vs. Dynamic Thermal Characteristics of Non-Transparent Building Components
Authors: Rabenseifer Roman
Published: February 2014

Occasionally, there are suggestions from professional public to use the total solar energy transmittance coefficient, g (solar factor), to describe not only transparent, but also opaque structures, particularly with regard to overheating of the under-roof spaces. The standard EN 410:1998 (Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing) introduces the g-value as the sum of primary solar heat gain, g1, due to the transparency of the glazing and the secondary solar heat gain, g2, due to the absorption of solar radiation and its conversion into heat conduction and radiation over the total incident solar heat flux, φe. Nevertheless the value of g1 may have zero or nearly zero value, e.g. in case of non-transparent glass. In addition to it, the standard ISO 15099:2003 (Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices - Detailed calculations) introduces equation for calculation of the frame g-value (actually the frame total solar energy transmittance), where window frames are clearly opaque components. What is then the difference between glass and "standard" opaque wall or roof Why is in the latter case always introduced zero and in the first one some value different from zero Won't it be practical, especially in time of large existing opportunities of computer use, to implement the use of g-values also in case of ordinary opaque structures and express their resistance to the absorption and conversion of solar radiation and thus overheating the adjacent interior spaces This paper attempts, using EN ISO 13786 (Thermal performance of building components - Dynamic thermal characteristics - Calculation methods) and computer-aided models of transient heat transfer, to explain why the suggestion of using of the g-value in case of opaque components is not entirely correct and, why priority should be given to the dynamic thermal characteristics specified in this standard.
The Modification Research of Al-Ti-B Master Alloy (Progress)
Authors: Wang Jun Jun , Mi Li , Hu Zhi Liu
Published: February 2014

This paper reviews several main modification methods of Al-Ti-B master alloy, including high-intensity ultrasound, equal channel angular pressing, conform, and electromagnetic stirring. Attention is directed to the principles and characteristics of various methods, as well as the researches related to Al-Ti-B master alloy. This review also indicates the existing problems of the technology, and the development direction of the modification of Al-Ti-B master alloy in the future.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of (1-x)BCZT-xBY Lead-Free Ceramics
Authors: Huang Xiao Qin , Liu Qi Bin , Zhang Cheng
Published: February 2014

Lead-free 0.996(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3-0.004BiYO3 [BCZT-BY] ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state sintering method. By means of XRD, SEM, and quasi-static d33 meter etc., the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of BCZT-BY ceramics were investigated. All the ceramics possess a pure perovskite structure, indicating that Bi3+ and Y3+ are incorporated into Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.9Zr0.1O3 lattices to form a solid solution. The results show that the ceramics sintered at 1420°C exhibit the optimum electrical properties: d33 = 130 pC/N, kp = 18.2 %, εr = 4225, and tan δ = 1.95%, respectively.
Research Progress of Al2O3 Based and Si3N4 Based Ceramic Tool Materials
Authors: Huang Hai Xia , Feng Yi Hua , Li Fu Meng , Sun Hao
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the sorts, mechanical property, strengthening and toughening mechanism of ceramic cutting tool materials were summarized in the present study, especially the Si3N4 based nanocomposite and Al2O3 based ceramic cutting tool materials. The problems to be solved in the field were suggested. It would act as the foundation in the future research of ceramic cutting tool materials.
The Influence of Sintering Atmosphere and Reoxidation Temperature on the Electrical Properties of the Chip-Type Ba1-xSmxTiO3 Based Ceramics
Authors: Cheng Xu Xin , Zhou Dong Xiang , Xiao Qi Jun , Zhao Zhao Xiong
Published: February 2014

The PTCR characteristics of (Ba1-xSmx)TiO3(BSMT) with different donor-doped concentration (x) sintered in a reducing atmosphere and reoxidized in air are investigated. The results reveal that the room temperature resistivity (ρRT) of the semiconducting BSMT ceramics first decreases and then increases with increasing of thexvalues, especially whenxis 0.004, the semiconducting BSMT ceramics reoxidized at 850oC for 1 h after sintering at 1300 °C for 30 min in a reducing atmosphere achieve a lower room temperature resisitivity of 82.6 Ωcm. in addition, the doped 0.1 mol% Sm3+BSMT samples fired at 1300 °C for 30 min in air exhibit remarkable PTCR effect with a resistance jumping ratio of 3.4 orders magnitude; moreover, a lower ρRTof the BSMT specimens sintered in a reducing atmosphere is obtained.
Preparation and Properties of Organosilicon-Modified Acrylate Resin
Authors: Hu Xiao Jun , Bian Qing , Chen Ya Nan , Feng Jing , Chen Ming , Qin Wen
Published: February 2014

Organosilicon-modified acrylate resin was successfully prepared by solution polymerization and the effect of content of silica sol and silane coupling agent (KH570) on the resistance to water, acid, alkali and aging, the polymerization mechanism, structure were studied,respectively. The results showed that: compared with the properties of resistance to water, acid, alkali and aging of pure acrylate resin, to some extent, those of organosilicon-modified acrylate resin had been improved a lot. The properties of resistance to water, acid, alkali and aging increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the content of organosilicon. Especially, the comprehensive performance of composite resin was relatively excellent when the content of silica sol and KH570 was 5% and 5.1%, respectively.
Fe3O4 and TiO2 Embedded Sodium Alginate Beads of Composite Adsorbent for Pb(II) Removal
Authors: Jiao Long , Qi Pei Shi , Liu Yun Zhi , Wang Bo
Published: February 2014

In this study, Fe3O4 and TiO2 nanocomposites embedded sodium alginate (SA) beads were synthesized, which exhibited a robust performance of efficient adsorption in Pb (II) removal. Effects of lead ion concentration, initial pH , Pb (II) of contact time and no Tio2 in mixture on final removal efficiency were also evaluated. The results showed that Pb2+concentration increased from 25 to 200 mg/L, beads of adsorption capacity increased from 25 to 95 mg/g, the optimum pH for adsorption is located at 6.2 and the adsorption balance is around 240 minutes in 298K. The effect of the synthetic materials to add light catalyst is better, and removal efficiency can reach more than 95%.This work provides a practical and high-efficient method for heavy metal removal from water and sediment. Particles can be used to effectively handle containing low concentration of Pb2+ (< 200 mg/L) of water and sediment pollution.
Investigation on the Structure and Luminescence Performance of Tb-Doped ZnO Nanocrystals Prepared by Direct Precipitation
Authors: Xiao Zong Hu , Zhong Wei , Xu Kang Ping , Huang Yong , Li Shui Gen , Ou Hui
Published: February 2014

Terbium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Tb) nanocrystals were prepared by a direct reactive precipitation progress. Incorporation of terbium in ZnO nanocrystals had been proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and fluorescence spectrophotometer. XRD investigations confirm that the samples of ZnO:Tb nanocrystals with a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure don’t exist the diffraction peaks of the compounds of terbium. The results of TEM analysis show that the as-prepared samples with an average particle size less than 20 nm were obtained. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra suggest that there is no luminescence peaks corresponding to the terbium compounds in ZnO:Tb samples; the green emission intensity gradually decreases with the increase of the Tb-doped concentration in ZnO matrix. A core-shell model of rare earth (RE) passivated ZnO is proposed, which the passivation layer existing on the ZnO surface, can generate a barrier to impede the formation of oxygen vacancy, corresponding to the green emission.
Study on Nanocomposite Membranes with Enhanced Performance for Forward Osmosis
Authors: Ma Ning , Liu Cao , Wang Pei Jing , Tang Chu Yang
Published: February 2014

Nanocomposite membranes with enhanced performance were investigated for forward osmosis (FO) by incorporation of nanoporous materials. The incorporation of zeolite into both polysulfone (PSf) substrates and polyamide (PA) rejection layer of thin film composite (TFC) membrane (PSf-TFC) could effectively improve FO membrane performance. In the case of zeolite loading into PA layer, the resulted PSf based thin film nanocomposite (PSf-TFN) membrane showed improved but limited water permeability of the rejection layer, corresponding to ~1.76 times water flux higher than PSf-TFC membrane. Significantly, the polysulfone nanocomposite (PSfN) based TFC membrane (PSfN-TFC), which formed by embedding zeolite nanoparticles in PSf substrates, not only enhanced water permeability of the polyamide rejection layer but also reduced internal concentration polarization (ICP) effect, and thus improved FO membrane performance significantly, which corresponding to ~2.50 times water flux higher than PSf-TFC membrane.
Simulation and Size Optimization of PbSe Quantum Dots Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Authors: Xu Tian Yue , Zhang Yu , Bi Ke , Zhang Tie Qiang
Published: February 2014

PbSe quantum dots have a relavively narrow absorption spectrum and they can radiate quasi monochromatic light after absorbing sunlight. Also, the emission peak can be located in the range of the strongest spectral response of monocrystal silicon solar cell by adjusting particles sizes. In this paper we apply PbSe quantum dots into luminescent solar concentrator, analyse its physical process, establish mathematical model and optimize its size with C++. The simulation results show that its photoelectric conversion efficiency is size depended, when the length and width are 200cm and 150cm, respectively, its photoelectric transformation efficiency can reach 6.1%.
Study on Electronic Structure of GaN under Pressure
Authors: Ruan Xing Xiang , Zhong Xian Hui , Zhang Fu Chun , Zhang Wei Hu
Published: February 2014

A detailed theoretical study of electronic structure and optical properties of GaN under pressure was performed by the first-principles calculations of plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential method based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that Ga-N bond length becomes shorter and the valence bonds shift towards the low energy while the conduction bands towards high energy, the band gap becomes wider with the pressure increasing, and theoretical studies explained the relationship between the band edges, energy gap of GaN and pressure. In addition, the peak in band was cracked slightly, and the Ga 3d-N 2p hybridization was enhanced.
Effects of Preparation Process Parameters on Performance of Microencapsulated Paraffin/Polyurea Phase Change Materials
Authors: Luo Wu Sheng , Yu Sheng Fei , Zhou Jie Min
Published: February 2014

In this paper, Microencapsulated paraffin/polyurea (PU) phase change materials were prepared through an interfacial polymerization method using composite paraffin with solid/liquid mass ratio 3:7 as core materials, 2,4 toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine as monomers, NP-10 as an emulsifier. It was investigated the effects of emulsion speed, the amount of emulsifier and polymerization temperature on the particle size and coating efficiency and storage-energy performance of microencapsulated paraffin / PU phase change materials. The results showed when the emulsion speed is 2000r/min and the amount of emulsifier to core material is 6% and the polymerization temperature is 70°C, Microencapsulated paraffin / PU phase change materials have better performance: the melting point of 28.1°C, the enthalpy of 58.4KJ/Kg, coating efficiency of 87.5%, the average particle size of 3~4μm, and the uniform particle size distribution.
The Hawking Radiation of Massless Particles via Tunneling from EBI Black Hole
Authors: Pu Jin , Chen De You
Published: February 2014

Hawking radiation of massless particles via tunneling from the EBI (Einsein-Born-Infeld) black hole is studied. The result shows that, when self-gravitation interaction is considered, the exact spectrum is not precisely thermal, but satisfies the unitary theory. In special case, we also reduce the result to the Hawking effect via tunneling from the Kerr and Kerr-Newman black hole.
Properties of OQPaP Bleached Pulp of Pinus kesiya and Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro Made by Low-Temperature Kraft Pulping
Authors: Liu Qi Xing , Chen Yang , He Jie , Gao Xin
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the low-temperature (the maximum pulping temperature was less than 150°C) and conventional (the maximum pulping temperature was 165°C) kraft pulp of pinus kesiya and Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro were bleached by OQPaP. Then bleaching properties and paper properties of two kinds of bleached pulp were compared and evaluated respectively. The results showed that the strength indexes of the kraft pulp at low temperature were significantly higher than those of conventional pulp with lower viscosity.
Study on the Y3+-Trpptophan-Curcumin-SDBS System by Spectrophotometry and its Analytical Application
Authors: Wang Feng , Huang Wei , Wei Shu Wei
Published: February 2014

Curcumin (C21H20O6, CU) is a natural antioxidant, which is considered to be a very useful compound in health matters, and is employed in the treatment of cardiovascular and arthritic illnesses. It is found that the fluorescence intensity of Y3+-trpptophan (Trp) can be greatly quenched by curcumin in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). Under optimum conditions, the quenched intensity of fluorescence is in proportion to the concentration of curcumin in the range of 73.68-442.1, 0.074-5.3μg·mL-1. The detection limit (S/N=3) is 0.0185μg·mL-1. The actual samples are satisfactorily determined.
Synthesis and Properties of Esters of Amino Acids' Composite and Palmityl Alcohol
Authors: Wang Xiao Hui , Du Xi Hua , Dong Li Min
Published: February 2014

Concentrates of composite of amino acids based on hydrolysis of rapeseed meal were used to prepare esters of amino acids composite and palmityl alcohol. Effects of the ratio of raw materials, reaction time, water carrying agent and catalyst on synthesis of products were investigated. Surface-activity of these products have been also characterized. The optimums of reaction conditions were obtained. The results showed that molar ratio of palmityl alcohol and amino acids composite was 1:2, and toluene was as water carrying agent, and reaction temperature was 110°C-125°C, and the reaction time was 4 h, and mass dosage of high concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst was 12% of amino acids composite, and a small amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG600) was as phase transfer catalyst. The prepared product has a good foam stability.
Influence of Raw Material Concentration on Product Characterization of Magnesium Hydroxide Prepared via Ammonia Method
Authors: Li Hui Fang , Li Li Juan , Liu Zhi Qi , Peng Xiao Wu , Shi Dong , Song Xue Xue , Nie Feng , Ma Yun Qi , Zhang Yan Ling
Published: February 2014

Magnesium hydroxide was prepared through direct precipitation using magnesium chloride and ammonia as raw materials. In this paper, we mainly studied the effects of magnesium hydroxide on product characterization when the concentration of raw materials was changed. The products were characterized through laser light particle size analysis, scan electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The study showed that a sudden change in the morphology of magnesium hydroxide products and in the polarity of the crystal occurred under the following conditions: stirring speed of 2500 rpm, reaction temperature of 60°C, ammonia to magnesium chloride ratio of 2:1, ammonia addition rate of 20 mL/min, and aging time of 30 min. As the raw material concentration was changed, the morphology of magnesium hydroxide products and the polarity of the crystal exhibited sudden change. When the concentration of magnesium chloride was changed to 0.8 mol/L, the product demonstrated a flower-like globular structure, the largest size, and the minimum polarity. When the concentration of magnesium chloride was more than 1 mol/L, the product exhibited a flake structure, no obvious aggregation and a narrow particle size distribution.
Electrochemical Oxidation of o-Amiophenol in the Presence of NaCI for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nie Chun Hong , Wang Bao Hui
Published: February 2014

The electrochemical oxidation of o-Aminophenol in the presence o f NaCl for wastewater treatment was studied on Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 , Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5-SnO2 and Ti/IrO2 anodes. The experimental results have shown that the presence of NaCl catalyses the anodic oxidation of o-Aminophenol due to the participation of electrogenerated ClO- in the oxidation. Analysis of the oxidation products has shown that initially organo chlorinated compounds are formed in the electrolyte.
Modified Unsplitted Perfectly Matched Layer Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Truncating Anisotropic Medium
Authors: Cai Zhi Chao , Yang Li Xia , Deng Hao Chuan , Wei Xiao , Yin Hong Cheng
Published: February 2014

To simulate Electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic media, absorbing boundary conditions are needed to truncate the computation domains. Based on the finite difference time domain method in anisotropic medium, the implementation of the modified nearly perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions for truncating anisotropic medium is presented. By using the partial derivatives of space variables stretched-scheme in the coordinate system, the programming complexity is reduced greatly. According to one dimensional numerical simulation analysis, the modified nearly perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition is validated.
Research Application of Colored Asphalt Mixture Pavement
Authors: Xin Zhi Gang
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzes the pavement performance of colored asphalt mixture of its high-temperature stability, water, stability low-temperature cracking resistance, and color characteristics, etc.; evaluates the technical capability, economic and social benefits, discusses the constriction technology and points for consideration for its ratio design, mixing, spreading and rolling of colored asphalt mixture pavement, which play an active role on application, extension and development of this technology.
Experiments on Effect of Red Mud-Based Slag on Distribution of Sulfur in Liquid Iron
Authors: Zhang Gui Fang , Yang Ying Dong , Shi Zhe , Gao Lei
Published: February 2014

Preliminary research has shown that red mud is a viable option to be used as a fluxing agent in the steelmaking process, as it is able to achieve similar results as fluxes currently used in steel refining. This research focused on how red mud can be used as a flux for refining steel. Desulfurization was conducted with aluminum additions and temperature variations. The results showed that experiments utilized waste residues from the aluminum industry as refining flux for steel refining; more than 95% sulfur reduction was achieved; increasing temperature and aluminum content can improve desulfurization.
Technical Standards of Rubber Asphalt and Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt
Authors: Mao Yu , Gong Fang Yuan , Hao Pei Wen , Wang Hai Nian
Published: February 2014

Rubber asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt are the internationally recognized best way to disposal of waste tires, harmless treatment and resource utilization. The applications of rubber asphalt and asphalt mixture with scrap tire rubber powder in the highway construction are in the ascendant and the relevant standards are the precondition of the application. In order to fit the needs of the development form, SINOPEC and Research Institute of Highway in the Ministry of Communications put forward their own standards, but with different definitions of waste crumb rubber modified road asphalt and obvious different technical standards, etc. So, in this paper according to the introduction and comparison of these two standards to further standardize the technical index of the scrap tire rubber powder, selection, production process, production process and technical index of rubber asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt and the material selection and the design process of mixture; the technical reference and support to the extensive application can be also got.
Thermal Behavior of AlTiN Free-Standing Coating by Cathodic Arc Deposition
Authors: Tsou Po Yi , Ho Wei Yu , Chang Yen Shuo , Jiang Guo Kai , Chiu Chien Ju , Lin Cheng Liang
Published: February 2014

(Ti,Al)N coatings possess superior hardness, good thermal and chemical stability. To further study the oxidation resistance, the arc-deposited AlTiN bulk material was collected from the substrate shutter of a commercial coating system deposited for over 100 batches. The thermal behaviour of the materials was studied by TGA/DSC with different annealing temperature or different atmospheres. The results show that AlTiN bulk material annealed in nitrogen exhibits the denser structure and thermal stability up to 1000°C. The oxidation resistance of the AlTiN can reach to 800°C. Annealed at 600 ~ 700°C proceed the recrystallization process which denser the structure. New phase of TiO2is formed by incorporate oxygen in exchange of nitrogen. nanoscaled 1D wire formation occurred at the 1000°C for 3 hours in air.
Characteristic of Hyperbaric GMAW Metal Transfer at 1-12 Bar Argon Environment
Authors: Li Kai , Gao Hong Ming , Li Hai Chao , Gong Shan
Published: February 2014

The metal transfer behavior in hyperbaric GMAW process was investigated by using a high speed camera system with infrared laser as backlight. The metal transfer mode at 1-12bar argon environment shows different characteristics. Three kinds were observed: large droplet repelled transfer, projected repelled transfer and hyperbaric streaming transfer. Large droplet repelled transfer occurs mostly in the welding process with low feeding speed and relatively low welding voltage. Projected repelled transfer appears at middle feeding speed and high ambient pressure. Transfer tracks of former two modes deviate from the axial direction of welding wire. The spatter is produced more frequently in the projected repelled transfer mode. Hyperbaric streaming transfer is found meanly at high feeding speed and relatively high voltage. Because of its stability reflected from metal transfer process, hyperbaric GMAW process with hyperbaric streaming transfer mode should be employed preferentially.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Equation of Mg-4Al-3Ca -1.5Zn-1Nd-0.2Mn Magnesium Alloy As-Extruded
Authors: Chen Gang , Chen Wei , Zhang Guo Wei , Zhai Jing , Ma Li , Xing Hai Ying
Published: February 2014

The deformation behavior and constitutive equation of Mg-4Al-3Ca-1.5Zn-1Nd-0.2Mn alloy were investigated using hot compression tests at the temperatures range of 200, 250, 300, and 350°C with the constant strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 And1 s-1. The influence of strain was also incorporated in the constitutive equation by considering the effects of strain on material constants which are consist of A, α, β, n and activation energy Q. The predicted flow stress curves using the proposed constitutive equations well agree with the experimental results of the flow stress for experimental Alloy.
Orthogonal Experimental Study on Moulding Conditions of Amino Moulding Plastic
Authors: Liu Juan , Nan Jing Ya , Wang Chun Peng , Jin Tie Ling , Chen Ri Qing
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the moulding conditions of urea-formaldehyde resin were optimized to prepare moulding plastic with good mechanical properties using orthogonal experimental design method. The effects of moulding temperature, pressure and pressing time on the impact strength and blending strength of urea-formaldehyde resin were studied and analyzed. The results showed that moulding temperature had most noticeable influence on the impact strength and blending strength of urea-formaldehyde moulding compounds. The ratio F of moulding temperature to the impact strength was 2.077; the ratio F of moulding temperature to blending strength was 1.082. The most optimum conditions of preparing samples for testing the impact strength were that moulding temperature was 155 °C, pressure was 30 MPa and pressing time was 12 min; and the optimum moulding temperature of preparing samples with high blending strength was 155 °C, pressure was 25 MPa and pressing time was 5 min.
Research on the Precision Machining on SiC
Authors: Xiao Qiang , He Xue Li
Published: February 2014

SiC material removal mechanism and ELID grinding mechanism is analyzed, the character and condition of brittle to ductile transition of SiC single crystal, the critical depth of cut, and surface formation mechanism of ductile mode grinding of SiC single crystal are studied, the experiment results show that ELID grinding can realize ductile grinding ,this will lower the surface damage and improve the machining efficiency.
The Effect of Electron Beam Energy Density on Temperature Field for Electron Beam Melting
Authors: Chen Yun Xia , Wang Xiao Jing , Chen Shan Ben
Published: February 2014

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a relatively new rapid, additive manufacturing technology which can allow for the fabrication of complex, multi-functional metal or alloy monoliths by CAD-directed, selective melting of precursor powder beds. By altering the beam parameters and scan strategies, powder burn-through phenomena and uneven temperature field can be improved. In this paper the analyses for editable electron beam scanning track are presented based on the influence to the temperature field over the formation zone and the powder burn-through phenomena. The most promising strategy, non-uniform scanning mode for irregular scanning path, is approved by the ANSYS simulation and a two-dimensional scan experiment. The result shows non-uniform scanning mode can improve the uniformity of the temperature field and reduce the powder burn-through phenomena.
The Effect of Welding Speed on Mg/Al Dissimilar Stirring Brazing
Authors: Sun Hui Bin , Chen Hong You , Tang Song , Luo Lei , Xu Hui Bin
Published: February 2014

In this study, 2024 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy were brazing with mechanical stirring. The effects of brazing speed on microstructure and shear strength were investigated. The results show that oxide films on Al base metal surface broken completely at lower brazing speed. The continuous IMCs layer was broken into thinner one and blocky IMCs distribution in filler metal more evenly at lower brazing speed. The shear strength value near Al and Mg interface up to 53.1Mpa and 41.5Mpa respectively.
High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of DSS 2205 in Humid Air
Authors: Peng Jian Guo , Li Mou Cheng
Published: February 2014

The oxidation kinetics of 2205 stainless steel in humid air at high temperature were studied by adopting thermal-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology, composition and microstructure of the oxide scales were analyzed using SEM and XRD. The experiment showed that few scales form on the surface of DSS2205 at less than 800°C.With increasing temperature above 800°C, thickness of oxide scales increase and the inner oxides can be found. The nodules can be observed when the temperature reaches 1050°C.
Characteristics and Sequences of Fractures in the Tight Conglomerate Reservoirs of Jiulongshan Structure
Authors: Gong Lei , Gao Shuai , Guo Shu Ju , Huang Jian Guo , Tao Xian Xian
Published: February 2014

Fracture is an important controlling factor for the distribution of natural gas reservoirs in the tight conglomerate reservoirs in the Lower Jurassic Zhenzhuchong Formation at the north of Western Sichuan basin. Using the data of outcrops, cores, image logs and thin sections, combined with experimental analysis, we analyze the fracture origin types, distribution characteristics and formation sequences. There are three types of fractures, i.e. tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and original fractures in the tight conglomerate reservoirs. Among them, tectonic fractures are dominant, which can be classified into four sets, i.e. E-W, nearly S-W, NWW-SEE, NEE-SWW orientations. According to the statistics of areal density and fractal dimension, the average fracture areal density is 0.31cm/cm2, with the bulk in the range of 0.15-0.60cm/cm2. The fracture fractal dimensions are distributed at 0.95-1.70. There is a well positive correlation between fracture areal density and fractal dimension. Micro-fractures are important channels that connect matrix intergranular pores and intragranular dissolved pores, which improve the connectivity among pores. The tectonic fractures in the study area were formed in two periods, i.e. the end of Cretaceous and the end of Neogene.
Analysis on Waterfall Tube Corrosion and Strength Calculation for Boilers Exceeding Service Life
Authors: Du Hao Yang , Sun Xue Hai , Li Yi Mu , Ren Zhen An
Published: February 2014

Former USSR manufactured ΤΠ-230-2 type coal burning boiler has serviced for more than 369000 hours. The water fall tube burst caused by corrosion. The following examinations have been carried out , including macro-examination, metallographic analysis, tensile tests, inner and outer wall corrosion products and insulation materials analysis. Strength and remained thickness has also been calculated. Suggestions have been proposed to prevent similar explosions.
On the Bending of a Thin Plate at Nonlinear Creep
Authors: Andreev Vladimir I. , Yazyev Batyr M. , Chepurnenko Anton S.
Published: February 2014

The article gives the differential equation of bending of a thin plate at nonlinear creep. This equation is suitable for arbitrary dependencies between stresses and creep deformations. Derivation of the equation is based on simplifying hypotheses Kirchhoff-Loves technical theory of plate bending. Solution is made numerically by finite difference method. Calculations were performed in mathematical package MATLAB. As the material was taken epoxy polymer EDT-10, for which is valid the physical law of Maxwell-Gurevich. It is shown that with the growth of displacements the maximum stresses in the polymer plate decrease.
Reliability of Cu to Cu Joints Fabricated Using SnAg Capping Layer for 3D TSV Applications
Authors: Ma Sung Woo , Lee Jeong Hwan , Lee Jin Su , Kim Ki Bum , Suh Min Suk , Kim Nam Seog , Kim Young Ho
Published: February 2014

Chip to Chip bonding technology using Cu bumps with solder capping layer has been widely investigated for 3D chip stacking applications. We studied the reliability of the Cu joints. Cu bumps capped with Sn-Ag solder layer were joined to bare Cu pads or Au/Ni electroplated Cu pads at 300°C for 10 sec after dispensing non-conductive paste (NCP). After joining, there were no failed joints and the contact resistance of the joints was very low in all specimens. High temperature storage (HTS) test (120°C, up to 2000 hrs) results demonstrated that the reliability was good in all specimens, while thermal cycling test (-55°C /+125°C, up to 2500 cycles) results showed that the contact resistance of the joints increased quickly after 2000 cycles which was attributed the crack formation in the joint interfaces.
High Strain Rate Superplasticity and Microstructure Evolution in a Coarse-Grained Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Rolled Sheet
Authors: Zheng Ying , Tang Chang Ping , Deng Yun Lai
Published: February 2014

Superplasticity at high deformation rates is desirable in order to make superplastic forming more practical. High strain rate superplastic behavior and microstructure of the rolled Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy sheet were investigated. For the purposes, tensile tests at the strain rate of 0.01 s-1were conducted, which revealed that the sheet exhibited elongations of 180%~266%. Post-deforming microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while crystallographic orientation information was obtained from macro-texture analysis. The results show that the high strain rate superplasticity was attributed to class-I creep accommodated by dynamic recrystallization. It is suggested from microstructural analysis results that the interaction between second phases and dislocation facilitated dynamic recrystallization. The macro-texture at the strain of 0.8 still exhibited some characteristics of the crystal rotation arising from dislocation slip despite the occurrence of DRX.
Simulation and Optimization of Flow Field in the Mold of Slab Continuous Casting
Authors: Wang Yue Xin , Zhang Zhi Fang , Guo Yu Ting
Published: February 2014

For a period of time, because of a steel factorys frequent breakout , through monitoring the breakout slab cover, One of the important reasons for breakout is unreasonable flow field distribution in the mold. Through simulation this thesis analyzes how the parameters such as draw speedsubmerged nozzle affect the condition of flow field in the continuous casting mold , optimizing submerged nozzles structure and size which are fit for slab continue caster craftwork.
Research on Dispersion Mechanism of Extinguishing Agent Scattered by Grenade Explosion
Authors: Guan Xiang Yi , Liu Shao Gang
Published: February 2014

Using the methods of grenade explosion scattering the extinguishing agent for crown fire saves has been an important remote way for crown fire saves. Scattering the solid agent from explosion is greatly influenced by external environmental and airflow in fire, which results in the low efficiency of extinguishing agent. Dispersion area of grenade scattering extinguishing agent can be calculated through the combination of numerical simulation and experimental determination. On the base of high extinguishing concentration, the structure of grenade is optimized and the efficiency of extinguishing agent is improved. For monoclonal crown fire, specific central explosive about 1.5% and the ratio of height to diameter is 3.5, the extinguishing agent the dispersion uniformity, use reduced by more than 20%.
Simulation Analysis of Isolation about Spray Boom
Authors: He Yao Jie , Qiu Bai Jing , Yang Ya Fei
Published: February 2014

In order to attenuate the deformation of spray boom, a finite element model built based on ANSYS, according to the reasults of numerical modal analysis and modal texting, the reliability of the finite element model was affirmed. Then, an isolator was introduced between spray boom and frame, a frame-isolator-spray boom model was built in ADAMS. The effect of the isolators which have different parameters was research, the reasult shows: The isolator has much effect on attenuating spray booms deformation, the stiffness of isolators spring dampers has little effect on spray booms deformation, but the damping of isolators spring dampers has effect on spray booms deformation.
Theoretical Simulation of the Temperature Increasing Induced by the Friction between Cotton Packages and Iron Floor during the Transportation by Train
Authors: Yang Yun , Zhang Yong Feng
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the fire possibility of the cotton packages by the friction heating during the transportation by train. Theoretical simulation was conducted for the friction heating with a typical amplitude and frequency. The results suggest that the hot point induced by the sliding friction between the iron string joints around the package and the iron floor is the heat source for the heat transfer progress. It is also illustrated that the calculated temperatures on the surface of cotton package near the friction point are still a little lower that the rapid pyrolysis temperature of cotton material in a rather worse situation. However, more and more heat may accumulate inside the cotton package if there is a long-time heating for it. The smoldering of the cotton packages may still happen and turn into a cotton fire in train when there are also some other factors at the same time.
Effect of Different Tempering Temperatures on Microstructure and Impact Property of 20CrMnTi Steel
Authors: Liu Sheng Xu , Xiao Yi Qiang , Kang Ming Long , Zeng Jian Min , Wang Guo An , Meng Qiu Hong , Deng Ying Zhang
Published: February 2014

The effect of different tempering temperatures on microstructure and impact property of 20CrMnTi steel has been studied on Zwick/roell Amsler PKP 450 pendulum machine, SU-8020 scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The results shows that the impact property of 20CrMnTi steel is dramatically improved after high-temperature tempering. However, the minimum value occurs when it was tempered at 350°C because of low-temperature tempering brittlement at this degree. The SEM fracture morphology was typical dimples after high temperature tempering, and the type of fracture was ductile fracture; the type of cleavage characteristic and quasi cleavage characteristic were generated on the fracture morphology at low-temperature and medium-temperature tempering respectively, and the type of fracture was brittle.
Relationship between Heat Treatments and Corrosion of Al-Si-Mg Casting Alloy
Authors: Chen Ping , Liang Li Hua , Luo Gong , Zeng Jian Min
Published: February 2014

The casting Al-Si-Mg alloy can be strengthened by heat treatments. There are close relations between heat treatments and alloys mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The effects of heat treatments condition on corrosion behavior of Al-Si-Mg alloy in NaCl solution were studied by electrochemistry tests and immersion corrosion tests in this paper. The morphology of alloys after immersion corrosion was observed by OM (optical microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The influences of heat treatments on the corrosion of casting Al-Si-Mg alloy were explained. Different microstructures could lead to variation of corrosion properties. The corrosion properties of Al-Si-Mg alloy after casting, ST (solution treatment) and different aging respectively were analyzed. The results show that corrosion properties under PA (peak aging) are the worst and the best ones with ST, at the same time the Icorr under PA are the highest case and the lowest ones with ST.
Polymerization of Acrylamide Photo Initiated by Ferroferric Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tian Jing , Zhang Qing , Yuan Man , Zhou Xiao Yan , Guo Hui Fen , Wang Hong Kai
Published: February 2014

In this investigation, nanoparticles of ferroferric oxide were synthesized and used as the photo initiator in the polymerization of acrylamide. The influences of different factors, including reaction time, light intensity, the content of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, and the concentration of acrylamide monomer on the synthesis of polyacrylamide were discussed. The possible mechanisms of the photopolymerization irritated by Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and the photoinitiation stage with the participantion of the acrylamide radicals were also proposed. The results show that the ferroferric oxide nanoparticles could be successfully applied in the photopolymerization. The optimum conditions of the photopolymerization of acrylamide, which include acrylamide monomer content of 30wt%, reaction time of 30 mins, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles concentrations of 1.2 mmol/l, and the light intensity of 8.0 mW/cm2.