bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modification of Rapid Papanicolaou Stain with Phloxine: A Study Assessing the Utility in Gynecological Smears
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Somal Puneet K. , Kalra Supreet K. , Sharma Aishwarya , Sancheti Sankalp
Published: April 2024

Background:

Rapidity and reliability are the major advantages of cytopathology in tumor diagnosis. The need for minimal turnaround time for assessing cytological smears has encouraged innovations in staining techniques that require lesser staining time with unequivocal cell morphology. Rapid Pap staining was introduced as a hybrid to conventional Pap stain. It improves staining quality, gets over the staining time in restriction, and is a more efficient technique financially. In the present study, a modified staining technique was adopted where phloxine is added as one of the cytoplasmic stain components in rapid Pap stain kits.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess whether the modification of the existing procedure by adding phloxine as one of the components of the cytoplasmic stain intensifies the cytoplasmic differentiation and cytoplasmic staining in gynecological smears.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study done on 50 cases of gynecological smears. Two smears were collected from each patient and fixed in 100% propanol and stained with the rapid Pap stain kit procedure and modified rapid Pap stain with phloxine. Slides were then analyzed by two pathologists blinded to the staining method used. Five parameters were considered and scored (background, cell morphology, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic differentiation, and cytoplasmic staining). The quality index for each method was calculated by finding out the ratio of the actual score obtained to the maximum score possible.

Results:

Both the staining methods had comparable results. For both pathologists, the quality index calculated for modified Pap stain was found to be marginally higher than the quality index for rapid Pap. The mean quality index was comparable for modified Pap (0.91) and rapid Pap (0.89).

Conclusions:

The efficacy of modified Pap stain with phloxine to distinctly stain the cytoplasm is comparable with that of rapid Pap stain. In addition, the intensity of staining can be enhanced with little cost outlay, and this can be especially beneficial in low-resource settings.
AAV2-PDE6B restores retinal structure and function in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by promoting phototransduction and inhibiting apoptosis
Authors: Qiu Ruiqi , Yang Mingzhu , Jin Xiuxiu , Liu Jingyang , Wang Weiping , Zhang Xiaoli , Han Jinfeng , Lei Bo
Published: April 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00030/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiff

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death. However, there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function. To do this, we injected retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark- and light-adapted electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, and immunofluorescence. Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment, and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6β expression, preserved electroretinogram responses, and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice. Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception, and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways. Furthermore, the phototransduction-related proteins Pde6α, Rom1, Rho, Aldh1a1, and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment. Finally, Bax/Bcl-2, p-ERK/ERK, and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment. Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural stem cell exosomes improve blood–brain barrier function after intracerebral hemorrhage by activating astrocytes via PI3K/AKT/MCP-1 axis
Authors: Wang Conglin , Cheng Fangyuan , Han Zhaoli , Yan Bo , Liao Pan , Yin Zhenyu , Ge Xintong , Li Dai , Zhong Rongrong , Liu Qiang , Chen Fanglian , Lei Ping
Published: April 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00029/figure1/v/2024-11-07T113602Z/r/image-tiff

Cerebral edema caused by blood–brain barrier injury after intracerebral hemorrhage is an important factor leading to poor prognosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural stem cell exosomes (hiPSC–NSC–Exos) have shown potential for brain injury repair in central nervous system diseases. In this study, we explored the impact of hiPSC–NSC–Exos on blood–brain barrier preservation and the underlying mechanism. Our results indicated that intranasal delivery of hiPSC–NSC–Exos mitigated neurological deficits, enhanced blood–brain barrier integrity, and reduced leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, hiPSC–NSC–Exos decreased immune cell infiltration, activated astrocytes, and decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and tumor necrosis factor-α post–intracerebral hemorrhage, thereby improving the inflammatory microenvironment. RNA sequencing indicated that hiPSC–NSC–Exo activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes and decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion, thereby improving blood–brain barrier integrity. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 or the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 neutralizing agent C1142 abolished these effects. In summary, our findings suggest that hiPSC-NSC-Exos maintains blood–brain barrier integrity, in part by downregulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in astrocytes.
Acute Myocardial Infarction or Broken Heart with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy? Realm of Mystification after Suicidal Hanging
Authors: Sharma Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2024

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a rare immune-endocrinologic cause of acute and rapidly reversible left ventricular dysfunction, usually resembling acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and triggered by emotional or physical stress. We described a case of such syndrome in a 27-year-old female after an attempted suicidal hanging, whose initial clinical symptoms and electrocardiography (ECG) findings were misleading to AMI. On admission, the patient was unconscious and hypoxic. Echocardiography demonstrated a severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction with akinesis in the mid and anterior septum and apex (a typical ballooning pattern), which raised suspicion of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Our patient developed chest pain, a day after the suicidal attempt. Emergent coronary angiography revealed no evidence of occlusion, confirmed diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy was made. The patient was managed with medical therapy. On a week later follow-up, the patient was totally asymptomatic with a reversal of ECG changes, and the left ventricular contractility was improved within 30 days.
Could the Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Be Correlated with Cellular Rejection in Asymptomatic Heart Transplant Recipients? A Brief Report
Authors: Mozaffari Kambiz , Givtaj Nozar , Hesami Mahshid , Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Fareghbal Mahsa , Nojoomizadeh Leila , Naderi Nasim
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is mainly associated with acute or chronic graft rejection in various solid organs. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the plasma viral load of CMV infection in postheart transplant patients and its correlation with the grading of cellular graft rejection in endomyocardial biopsies.

Materials and Methods:

In a cross-sectional study, 90 samples from 65 asymptomatic heart transplant recipients scheduled for routine endomyocardial biopsy were obtained. All the recipients had a history of positive serology for CMV infection before transplantation. Evaluation of their DNA was tracked using the polymerase chain reaction technique and the use of specific virus DNA primers, and based on this, the peak virus load (the number of virus copies per milliliter) was determined. A peak viral load >10,000 copies/mL was considered positive. Graft rejection grading was determined based on the ISHLT grading system.

Results:

The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients (37 men) was 67 (37.3) years. The graft rejection grading was as follows: 22.2% grade 0, 38.9% Quilty effect (QE), 35.6% grade 1, and 3.3% grade 2. The mean plasma viral load level of CMV infection was 2197.4 (1256.2) μg/μL, 1970.4 (1150.3) μg/μL, and 4567.2 (1669.1) μg/μL in grades 0, QE, and 1 and/or 2, respectively (P < 0.001). The virus load was significantly higher in those with higher grades of cellular rejection.

Conclusion:

The relationship between the plasma level of CMV viral load and the grading of cellular graft rejection in heart transplant patients could emphasize the role of CMV virus in the pathophysiology of graft rejection. A closer surveillance for CMV infection using the viral load is also recommended in particular in those who have higher grades of graft rejection.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Effect on Cardiogoniometry Characteristic in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Sadeghpourtabaei Ali , Behjati Mohaddeseh , Baharestani Bahador , Tohidi Fatemeh
Published: April 2024

Context:

Cardiogoniometry (CGM) is a noninvasive technique for quantitative three-dimensional vectorial analysis of myocardial depolarization and repolarization. We describe a method of surface electrophysiological cardiac assessment using CGM performed at rest to detect variables helpful in identifying coronary artery disease (CAD) and interplaying factors in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Materials and Methods:

In this study, all patients with CAD undergoing CABG were enrolled. Echocardiography, CGM, and electrocardiography (ECG) were obtained before surgery and a month later. The ECG and CGM alterations were compared before and after CABG and the accuracy of those two methods was evaluated.

Results:

In this study, 50 patients were enrolled, of which 33 (66%) were male versus 17 (44%) female, with a mean age of 39.12 ± 60 years. The mean ejection fraction before and after surgery was 44.3 ± 7.9% (range: 20–55) and 40.9 ± 12.5% (20–50), respectively. Before surgery, all patients had sinus rhythm, five cases had left bundle-branch block (LBBB), and one case was with right bundle-branch block (RBBB). Subsequently, after surgery, five cases had LBBB, and two cases were found to have RBBB. The rate of postoperation bleeding was 20%. There was no significant change in echocardiographic characteristics before and after operation (P = 0.81); likewise, no significant change was seen in ECG criteria before and after operation (P = 0.96). A significant correlation was seen regarding CGM characteristics before and after CABG (P = 0.003).

Conclusions:

A significant association was seen regarding CGM characteristics before and after undergoing an operation. In addition, the specificity and sensitivity of the CGM and ECG before and after operation improved well.
Longitudinal Stent Elongation: A Rare Complication of Third-Generation Drug-eluting Stent Platform
Authors: Baruah Dibya Kumar , Darimireddi Anuradha , Telikicherla Ravikant , Chakradhar Pedada
Published: April 2024

Longitudinal stent deformation (LSD) is an infrequent complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. While the occurrence of gross LSD is a rare phenomenon, minor changes in length are common and have been recognized as accepted behavior of stents during implantation. Due to the proximity of the guide catheter, ostial or ostio-proximal lesions are prone to stent deformation either by the guide or other devices during navigation. Moreover, to satisfy the fractal geometry of coronary bifurcation, the proximal optimization technique is commonly performed during different bifurcation procedures, which can subject the stent to extreme overexpansion resulting in structural deformation. We describe two cases of longitudinal stent elongation during ostial deployment and try to analyze the factors behind this rare, yet complicated behavior of the latest-generation drug-eluting stent.
Evaluation of alveolar bone level after orthodontic clear aligners treatment: A retrospective study
Authors: Alasqah Mohammed , Alshammery Dalal Abdullah , Baseer Mohammad Abdul , Aladwane Hussah , Alsakr Abdulaziz
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Clear aligners have increased in popularity as an alternative to conventional fixed equipment in orthodontic treatment. However, the impact of clear aligner orthodontic therapy on the periodontium, particularly the periodontal tissues, has generated curiosity in research.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between clear aligner orthodontic treatment and the height of the alveolar bone level.

Materials and Method:

Ninety-two panoramic radiographs (pretreatment and posttreatment) from 46 adult patients treated with clear aligner therapy were selected for the current study. Linear measurements have been performed in the panoramic radiographs to measure the alveolar bone. Patient data, including age, gender, type of malocclusion, duration of the orthodontic treatment, inter-proximal striping done or not during the orthodontic treatment, and changes in alveolar bone level in millimeters, were documented.

Results and Discussion:

Posttreatment significantly increased alveolar defects (p=<0.001). Moreover, the pretreatment and posttreatment alveolar bone defect was compared in different teeth that showed that significant difference in teeth #21(p=0.007), #17(p=0.006), #31(p<0.001), #32(p=0.011), #33(p =0.003), #41(p <0.001), #42(p =0.003) and #44(p<0.001), #45(p <0.001) and #46 (p=0.009). Comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment alveolar bone defects also showed significant differences in patients with interproximal striping (p=<0.001). Other variables exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05). Pretreatment and posttreatment mean differences in alveolar bone defects were statistically significant across all the studied variables (p<0.05) except in the Class III malocclusion (p=0.082). Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation observed between the age of the study participants and pretreatment (p=0.007) and posttreatment bone defects (p=0.002) along with pretreatment and posttreatment alveolar bone defect (p= <0.001).

Conclusion:

This study advances the understanding of the complexities surrounding malocclusion, clear aligner orthodontic treatment, and alveolar bone height.
Social media analysis of the nature of shared online content for orthodontic functional appliances: An observational study
Authors: Hakami Zaki , Alassiry Ahmed Mohammed , Mohana Arwa J. , Somili Alanood , Masmali Lujain M. , Jabari Amal Mohammed , Shami Shumua , Halboub Esam , Marghalani Hussain Y. A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Increased smartphone accessibility has enhanced the speed and diversity of the dissemination of data, ideas, and thoughts. Notably, patients often turn to social media platforms to gather information on treatment options, share personal experiences, offer opinions, and choose the best health-care providers. Social media has been employed to distribute health information.

Aims:

This study aimed to analyze the content regarding orthodontic functional appliances posted on various social media platforms.

Materials and Methods:

The study analyzed content posted in August 2020 on four social media sites, namely, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, and Reddit, focusing on terms related to orthodontic functional appliances. Data from the first 100 posts per keyword were collected and then recorded and coded in spreadsheets. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed to elucidate the nature of the posted content.

Results and Discussion:

A total of 1204 posts were included in the study. Of these, 29.8.2% were photos and 51.8% were videos. Majority of the posts (65.3%) were about information sharing and uploaded by doctors (51.2%). The type of malocclusion was described as Class II in 18.4% of the posts but not specified in 72.8%. The overall usefulness of the posts was low. Posts of photos, posts on Instagram, and posts by doctors were found to be more significantly useful (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Patients, doctors, and academics extensively use social media platforms to disseminate orthodontic information. However, more useful posts on orthodontic functional appliances should be uploaded, including those on treatment effectiveness, patient experience, and patient–clinician relationships, which have been widely disregarded.
Rituximab versus tacrolimus as corticosteroid-sparing therapy for children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials
Authors: Ang Jessica Felicia , Widjanarko Nicolas Daniel , Ekaputra Anthony
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Prolonged use of corticosteroids induced complicated course in children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS), and the use of tacrolimus, a first-line alternative calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) agent was related to some unwanted adverse effects. Rituximab, a second alternative treatment has been proven to reliably reduce the number of relapses within 12 months with minimal adverse effects.

Materials and Methods:

Our review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. All the databases were derived from MEDLINE, Proquest, EBSCOhost, Wiley, and Google Scholar within the past 11 years. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions. Meta-analysis used Review Manager (version 5.4) with a random effect model to obtain a pooled mean difference (MD) and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

Four studies were included based on our eligibility criteria, and only three were included in the quantitative analysis. Three studies had low and one study had a moderate risk of bias. Pooled data results indicated that Rituximab was superior to tacrolimus in reducing the number of patients with 1–2 relapses (MD = 0.44, [95% CI: 0.21–0.91]) and had higher eGFR values (MD = 6.67; [CI − 2.92–10.61]). However, Rituximab showed insignificant superiority compared to tacrolimus in reducing the number of patients with 3 relapses, sustained remission, cumulative steroid use, serum cholesterol, and serum albumin concentrations.

Conclusion:

Rituximab exhibits more advantages in treating SDNS compared to tacrolimus, although the treatment options are highly individualized. Both regimens must also be weighed against their potential side effects to achieve a better overall health status.
Visual disturbances in a 12-year-old male patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome
Authors: Merdžo Ivan , Jurišić Darija , Ćavar Ivan , Striber Neda
Published: April 2024

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a rare condition. Here, we present a case of a male patient with a very unique combination of symptoms that started at the age of 12. Transient symptoms manifested after 4 days of high fever and included lethargy, a loss of appetite, and an inability to recognize faces. After that, the patient was symptom-free for 4 years before he was hospitalized again with a working diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The ophthalmic symptoms at this stage were photophobia and discrete horizontal nystagmus. One year later, the patient had another seizure and during hospitalization, predominantly displayed cerebral symptoms such as dystaxia, dysmetria, generalized muscle hypotrophy, and absent myotonic reflexes. Like before, an ophthalmic examination demonstrated a best-corrected visual acuity of 1.0 and a normal anterior segment. A fundus examination revealed a slightly rarefied retina, along with areas of perifoveal and parapapillary atrophy, in addition to increased vascular tortuosity. Optical coherence tomography scans of the macula and the optic disc depicted a mild thinning of the retinal layers. Visual field testing showed an isopter contraction with a predominant loss of the temporal visual field in both eyes. A genetic serum analysis was positive for mitochondrial mutation m.3243A>G, and a diagnosis of MELAS was confirmed. The treatment included anticonvulsive drugs and dietary precautions. Patients with MELAS syndrome can manifest a wide range of visual disturbances, meaning that a detailed ophthalmic examination is required.
Interpretation of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: summary of a consensus meeting of Korean gastrointestinal pathologists
Authors: Ahn Soomin , Kwak Yoonjin , Kwon Gui Young , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kim Moonsik , Kim Hyunki , Park Young Soo , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Lee Kyoungyul , Lee Sung Hak , Lee Hye Seung
Published: April 2024

Nivolumab plus chemotherapy in the first-line setting has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative advanced or metastatic gastric cancer, and is currently indicated as a standard treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is an important biomarker for predicting response to anti–programmed death 1/PD-L1 agents in several solid tumors, including gastric cancer. In the CheckMate-649 trial, significant clinical improvements were observed in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 5, determined using the 28-8 pharmDx assay. Accordingly, an accurate interpretation of PD-L1 CPS, especially at a cutoff of 5, is important. The CPS method evaluates both immune and tumor cells and provides a comprehensive assessment of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. However, CPS evaluation has several limitations, one of which is poor interobserver concordance among pathologists. Despite these limitations, clinical indications relying on PD-L1 CPS are increasing. In response, Korean gastrointestinal pathologists held a consensus meeting for the interpretation of PD-L1 CPS in gastric cancer. Eleven pathologists reviewed 20 PD-L1 slides with a CPS cutoff close to 5, stained with the 28-8 pharmDx assay, and determined the consensus scores. The issues observed in discrepant cases were discussed. In this review, we present cases of gastric cancer with consensus PD-L1 CPS. In addition, we briefly touch upon current practices and clinical issues associated with assays used for the assessment of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer.
A note on vector valued maximal inequalities in Sobolev multiplier spaces
Authors: Ooi Keng Hao
Published: April 2024

We address some vector valued maximal inequalities in a type of Sobolev multiplier spaces associated with Bessel capacities. We show that the vector valued maximal inequalities are of local type.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived exosomes for the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Hou Xiang-Yi , Danzeng La-Mu , Wu Yi-Lin , Ma Qian-Hui , Yu Zheng , Li Mei-Ying , Li Li-Sha
Published: April 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection typically presents with fever and respiratory symptoms, which can progress to severe respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. In severe cases, these complications may even lead to death. One of the causes of COVID-19 deaths is the cytokine storm caused by an overactive immune response. Therefore, suppressing the overactive immune response may be an effective strategy for treating COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have potent homing abilities, immunomodulatory functions, regenerative repair, and antifibrotic effects, promising an effective tool in treating COVID-19. In this paper, we review the main mechanisms and potential roles of MSCs and MSCs-Exo in treating COVID-19. We also summarize relevant recent clinical trials, including the source of cells, the dosage and the efficacy, and the clinical value and problems in this field, providing more theoretical references for the clinical use of MSCs and MSCs-Exo in the treatment of COVID-19.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A silent pandemic
Authors: Samanta Arghya , Sen Sarma Moinak
Published: April 2024

The worldwide epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is showing an upward trend, parallel to the rising trend of metabolic syndrome, owing to lifestyle changes. The pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully understood yet. Therefore, NAFLD has emerged as a public health concern in the field of hepatology and metabolisms worldwide. Recent changes in the nomenclature from NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease have brought a positive outlook changes in the understanding of the disease process and doctor-patient communication. Lifestyle changes are the main treatment modality. Recently, clinical trial using drugs that target ‘insulin resistance’ which is the driving force behind NAFLD, have shown promising results. Further translational research is needed to better understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of NAFLD which may open newer avenues of therapeutic targets. The role of gut dysbiosis in etiopathogenesis and use of fecal microbiota modification in the treatment should be studied extensively. Prevention of this silent epidemic by spreading awareness and early intervention should be our priority.
Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury: A review
Authors: Das Sanjib Kumar , Sen Koushik , Ghosh Biswatosh , Ghosh Nabanita , Sinha Krishnendu , Sil Parames C
Published: April 2024

The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications, spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and cosmetics. Consequently, humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes, giving rise to potential health considerations. Noteworthy among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles, extensively utilized in consumer products, which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the liver. This review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity, drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Primarily, the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials, emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.
Rivets, UNS S66286, Steel, Corrosion and Heat Resistant, 80 ksi Shear Strength, Procurement Specification for
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: April 2024

This procurement specification covers solid rivets and hollow end rivets made from a corrosion and heat resistant steel of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286 and of 80 ksi single shear strength at room temperature.
Ultrasound, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Persulfate in Hybrid Advanced Oxidation Processes(AOPs): A Comparative Study for the Reuse of Sewage Treatment Effluent
Authors: Park Junyoung , Lee Sangmin , Jin Gahyeon
Published: April 2024

Objectives : As the variety and quantity of recalcitrant pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, and cosmetic products discharged into water bodies steadily increase, the need for AOPs following biological wastewater treatment processes is growing. In this study, we compared the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal capabilities of conventional AOPs, ultrasound, hydrogen peroxide, and persulfate-based multiple AOPs on the final effluent of S wastewater treatment plant. The study also evaluated the feasibility of wastewater reuse by examining the optimal operating conditions of the applied AOPs.Methods : The removal characteristics of TOC were investigated based on reaction time, US frequency, and oxidant dosage for the following conditions: ultrasound (US) alone, individual treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate (PS) as oxidants, combined US/H2O2 and US/PS dual AOPs, and a US/PS/H2O2 multi-AOPs system.Results and Discussion : Only US oxidation treatment at 80 kHz for 60 minutes resulted in a 14.4% TOC removal efficiency. Individual treatment with H2O2 at 174 mM showed 69.2% removal efficiency, while persulfate oxidation treatment at 43.5 mM showed 13.8%. The PS/H2O2 oxidation treatment showed 68.5% removal efficiency at 174 mM H2O2 and 0.52 mM PS, and an 85.3% removal efficiency at 2.08 mM PS and 350 mM H2O2 conditions. Under the same 80 kHz ultrasound conditions, the combined US and other oxidant treatment resulted in an increased TOC removal efficiency: 87.8% for US/H2O2 at 174 mM H2O2, and 81.9% for US/PS at 43.5 mM PS. Additionally, the multi-treatment with US, PS, and H2O2 showed a removal efficiency of 87.0% at 2.08 mM PS and 350 mM H2O2, and 91.1% at 174 mM H2O2 and 0.52 mM PS conditions.Conclusion : In this study, among the AOPs, the oxidation treatment with US/PS/H2O2 exhibited the highest TOC removal efficiency at 91.1%. The integration of chemical oxidants with US demonstrated significant improvement in TOC removal capabilities, with PS showing superior performance at the same concentration conditions among the utilized chemical oxidants in the multi-AOPs. Although H2O2 also displayed commendable TOC removal abilities, its oxidation efficiency was lower at low concentration injections, whereas higher concentrations of H2O2 injections proved to be more effective in oxidation.
Development of a Protein Microarray System for the Diagnosis of Severe Equine Asthma and the Effect of Forage Treatment on IgE-Protein Binding.
Authors:   , White Samuel
Published: April 2024

Severe equine asthma (sEA) is a prevalent, performance limiting disease which occurs in genetically susceptible horses. Severe equine asthma is associated with increased levels of allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), which along with intradermal and basophil activation tests, lead many to speculate the disease may be IgE mediated. Historically, a plethora of cumbersome and expensive techniques have been adopted to characterise antibody–allergen interaction, rendering widespread allergen assessment problematic. The aim of this thesis is to utilise recent advances in computational and robotic technologies to “print” hundreds of environmental allergens and monitor their reactions with specific immunoglobulins in sera/bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from sEA/non-affected horses, and explore the effect of hay preparation methods on IgE-protein binding. In paper I, conditions were optimised for printing, incubation, immunolabeling, biological fluid sources, concentration techniques, reproducibility and specificity. The developed platform identified novel allergens, an association between sEA and pollen sensitisation, and a positive correlation between sera/BALF specific IgE profile. Applying this technique with mathematical modeling, paper II demonstrated the high discriminatory power of this approach, enabling the accurate diagnosis of sEA using serological IgE as a biomarker. The platform identified environmental influences on IgE profiles, discrimination between differing IgE-mediated conditions, and revealed novel pollen, bacteria, mould and arthropod proteins associated with sEA. Latex proteins, a genus previously untested in the horse, were the most influential variables. Further developing this platform into a competition technique, Paper III demonstrated the ability to identify sEA-associated allergens in hay samples, and assess the effect soaking and steaming have on IgE-protein binding using specific horse/hay combinations. Forage preparation techniques had no impact on hay allergenicity. This work provides a new, rapid and more accurate approach to sEA diagnosis, providing a platform for tailored management and the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF HYPHAENE THEBAICA SHELLS EXTRACT ON TANNERY MACHINES PARTS IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: Oladunni N. , Anweting I. B. , Adetoro A. , Ganiyu Y. O. , Uwaiya E.
Published: April 2024

Corrosion inhibition potential of ternary machine part was investigated by using ethanoic extract of hyphaene thebaica shells as inhibitor at different temperature of 313K and 333K. The Tannery machines part which are majorly made up of mild steels are subjected to harsh conditions, which include exposure to moisture, air, acid, base, salt and other environmental components that causes corrosion on machines’ parts. The aim of this research was to generate measurable and testable data towards the control of corrosion using plant (hyphaene thebaica shells ethanolic extracts) as inhibitor. This was accomplished through the determination of inhibitor’s performance by weight loss techniques, determination of metal-inhibitor interaction mechanism using kinetic parameters and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Temkin), the corrosion process through the use of exposure time, phytochemicals of the shell extracts, inhibitor concentration, media concentration, temperature, initial weight of metal and the weight of the metals in every 2 hours for a total of 6 hours. A weight loss technique was adopted and the weights of the mild steel were recorded every 2 hrs for 6 hrs. The highest inhibition efficiency (78.44%) was attained at 333 K for 0.1 g/dm3 concentration of the plant inhibitor. Inhibition efficiency decreased with further increase in the temperature. The green inhibitor was found to be effective because it is ecofriendly, inexpensive and biodegradable.
A Comprehensive Discourse on Shallow Learning and its Applications
Authors: Chitti Jyothi Bonam Geetha , Kumar Yogi Manas
Published: April 2024

Shallow learning, a fundamental approach in machine learning, encompasses a variety of algorithms and techniques aimed at learning patterns and making predictions from labelled data. Unlike deep learning, which involves complex architectures with multiple layers of abstraction, shallow learning focuses on simpler models with limited complexity. This abstract explores the essence of shallow learning, its algorithms, applications, and challenges. Shallow learning algorithms include classic methods such as decision trees, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbours, and logistic regression, among others. These algorithms are typically trained using supervised learning techniques, where the model learns from input-output pairs to make predictions on new, unseen data. Shallow learning models excel in tasks such as classification and regression, where the goal is to assign labels or predict continuous values to input data. Applications of shallow learning span across various domains, including healthcare, finance, marketing, and cyber security. In healthcare, shallow learning models are used for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction based on patient data. In finance, these models aid in fraud detection, credit scoring, and stock market prediction. Marketing applications involve customer segmentation and churn prediction, while in cyber security; shallow learning is utilized for malware detection and network intrusion detection.
Pengaruh Persepsi Kemudahan, Kepercayaan, Lingkungan Sosial, dan Motivasi Hedonis terhadap Minat Penggunaan E-Money di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Kusuma Deden Iwan , Susilowati Suratriningsih
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to ascertain how the influence of perceptions of convenience, trust, social environment and hedonic motivation on the intention to use e-money in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses primary data collection in the form of questionnaires which are distributed via WhatsApp and Instagram media. The data analysis tool for this research is to use multiple regression analysis, which is to find out how much influence perceptions of convenience, trust, social environment, and hedonic motivation have on the interest in using e-money in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. These results indicate that perceived convenience and trust have a negative effect on the intention to use e-money in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, while the social environment and hedonic motivation have a positive effect on the intention to use e-money in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Pengaruh Promosi Jabatan, Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Kabupaten Sintang
Authors: Munica Prisilia Tiara , Dwiarti Rina
Published: April 2024

This research aims to analyze the effect of job promotion. compensation, and work environment on employee job satisfaction at the Sintang Regency Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 39 respondents who were all permanent employees of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Sintang Regency, West Kalimantan. Data collection techniques in this research are questionnaires, document studies and interviews (Inteview). The results of the instrument test stated that the data in this study was proven to be valid and reliable. The results of this research prove that: (1) Job promotion has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Sintang Regency. (2) Compensation does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Sintang Regency. (3) The work environment does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Sintang Regency. (4) Job promotion, compensation and work environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction of employees of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Sintang Regency.
CharacterizationofP SU(3,q)byitsorderandonespecialconjugacyclasssize
Authors:   Imam Ali University, Askary Soleyman
Published: April 2024

Suppose that G be a finite group, and let N (G)be the set of conjugacy class sizes of G. By Thompson’s conjecture, if H is a finite non abelian simple group, G is a finite group with a trivial center, and N (G) = N (H), then H and G are isomorphic. Chen et al. contributed interestingly to Thompsons conjecture under a weak condition. In this article, we investigate validity of Thompsons conjecture under a weak condition for the projective special unitary groups. This work implies that Thompsons conjecture holds for the PSU (3, q), where q is prime power.
Validation of Thermography for the Diagnosis of Compartment Syndrome in the Upper Extremities Due To Electrical Burns in Patients with Altered Alertness
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Gómez José Antonio Orozco , Espinosa Jesús Fernando Romero ,   Centro Médico Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos, Vizuet Israel Salazar ,   Centro Médico Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos, Salgado Mauro Alonso Lozada ,   Centro Médico Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos, Villar Trujillo Andrea Del ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Méndez Christian Porras ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Ortega Héctor Manuel Suárez ,   Centro Médico Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos, Rubio Marisela Estefhanía Trejo ,   Hospital de especialidades Centro Médico la Raza, Pomposo Angélica Bacilio ,   Hospital de especialidades Centro Médico la Raza, Castillo María Fernanda González ,   Hospital regional ISSSTE de León., Robles Bárbara Alejandra Niño ,   Hospital General "Gral. José María Morelos y Pavón" ISSSTE, González Gonzalo Santos ,   Hospital General Regional 251 Metepec., Mercado Francisco Alberto Montaño Vasquez del ,   Hospital regional 2 el marques, IMSS Querétaro, Bravo Victor Mario Martínez ,   Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad ISSSTE Veracruz.
Published: April 2024

Background: Compartment syndrome in the extremities is a surgical emergency that requires decompression to avoid complications, the diagnosis is made through the clinic, if there is doubt it is confirmed with the measurement of intracompartmental pressure by means of an invasive device, it is imperative for the diagnosis to measure it in patients with altered alertness. Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of thermography compared to the measurement of intracompartmental pressure with the Whiteside method as a diagnosis of upper extremity compartment syndrome in patients with electrical burns with impaired alertness. Thus achieving faster, more accessible, cheaper, reliable and non-invasive detection. It can be used by the first contact physician and/or paramedics, nurses, students for timely diagnosis and treatment, reducing the rate of sequelae and complications. Material and methods: All patients with a presumptive diagnosis of compartment syndrome in the upper extremities secondary to electrical burn with altered alertness who were admitted to the Adolfo López Mateos Medical Center were included®.Results: In the present study, a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 100% were obtained, with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 50%, as well as a prevalence of 70.58% and an incidence of 7 out of 10 patients. Conclusion: We can conclude that the study has a good specificity and when analyzing the values present we notice that it can have a good sensitivity which is altered by the amount of the sample of the patients.
Toy Based Pedagogy Promotes 21st Century Skills in School and Beyond: A New Path to Education Reform
Authors:   Assistant Professor in History (TE) DAV College of Teacher Education, Koraput, Odisha, Jani Dr. Bharati , Sethi Smt. Jayamala ,   Assistant Professor in Educational Studies (TE) College of Teacher Education, Balasore, Odisha
Published: April 2024

The paper aims at to gain an effective understanding of toy-based pedagogy, which encourages students to develop new skills like reasoning, communication, creativity and critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability. This pedagogy's main goal is to encourage students to learn via first-hand experience while also making amazing memories. Students can also benefit from these experiences as effective resources that can advance them and enhance the educational system as a whole. It is imperative that teachers develop appropriate teaching and learning strategies in an appropriate manner in order to meet these goals. By using this pedagogy, it is ensured that the students can understand the teacher. For students of all ages, toy-based pedagogy can be a useful strategy. With toys, students can explore, imagine, observe, create, express, and above all-engage in play. The process of creating toys and then playing with them can help foster a variety of skills both inside and outside of the classroom. So that we have to take care of concepts and subjects are mapped out properly and strategically
Identifying the Quality of Lower-Grade Primary School Rhythmic Activity Learning
Authors: Meikahani Ranintya , Setyo Erwin , Dwi Dennis
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the quality of learning Physical Education Sports and Health (PJOK) material on rhythmic activities implemented by PJOK teachers. This research includes descriptive research using a mixed method design by combining quantitative data as the primary data and qualitative as secondary data. The sample of this study was 116 elementary physical education teachers in DIY using a random sampling method. This research instrument uses an online questionnaire adopting the QPE (Quality Physical Education) instrument, modified according to research needs. There are three variables and 19 questions in this instrument, with the results namely (1) Quality teaching as many as six indicators, of all respondents there were 39% respondents chose the answer Yes, and as many as 61% chose the answer No. (2) Skill Development and Bodily Physical Education as many as six indicators. (2) Skill Development and Bodily Awareness as many as eight indicators, 42% of respondents chose the answer Yes, and 58% chose the answer No. (3) Cognitive Skill Development as many as five indicators, 37% of respondents chose the answer Yes, and 63% chose the answer No. The results illustrate that most respondents still choose Yes, and 63% choose No. These results illustrate that most respondents still cannot correctly fulfill the quality of rhythmic activity learning due to various factors according to the qualitative data presented in each variable, with the average data of the answer "yes" of 39%, which is in the category of poor quality.
Keywords: Quality of Learning, Rhythmic Activity, Lower Primary School.