bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Non-parametric Approach-based Trade-off between Food System Efficiency and Robustness
Authors: Al-Ansari Muna A. , Nabeel Hamad , Abdella Galal M. , El Mekkawy Tarek , Kutty Adeeb A.
Published: April 2024

Balancing the efficiency and robustness of food systems is a well-known trade-off process. Over-optimization of efficiency may lead to excessive use of resources. On the other hand, under-optimization of efficiency may lead to excessive waste of resources. Using non-parametric methods can help in developing actionable frameworks through which decision-makers and stakeholders can effectively balance and improve food systems' efficiency and robustness. Under this context, this paper presents a new structured approach integrating two well-suited non-parametric methods for analyzing and balancing the interconnection between the efficiency and robustness of food systems. This approach consists of three main steps. First, the slacks-based data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) is utilized to analyze the efficiency of five food robustness dimensions. Second, the weighted efficiency of these dimensions is computed and analyzed to provide an insight into their influence on the food system efficiency. Finally, two search methods were developed to identify opportunities for improving efficiency and robustness. The outcomes of these methods have been analyzed and validated to ensure their effectiveness and viability. The operational and mathematical properties of the proposed approach were evaluated using data from thirty-seven food-producing countries. The weights of the robustness dimensions in this study were determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The input matrix of the AHP was constructed using expert judgment and consultations with stakeholders. The results of this study have shown an appropriate level of applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach. While the first search method provided valuable insights, the second method proved to be more effective in identifying the sources of inefficacy of robustness dimensions. Several conclusions have been drawn and reported with some recommendations for future research works.
Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Multi-layer Soil Grounds Through 1 G Shaking Table Tests and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Jin Yong , Jeong Sugeun , Moon Minseo , Kim Daehyeon
Published: April 2024

The ground consists of many layers of soil with different properties. The propagation speed and path of seismic waves are affected by different soil layers. It is necessary to understand that layered soil exhibits different dynamic behaviors and responses under the action of seismic waves. This study utilized weathered soil and silica sand as materials to create multi-layered soil conditions with varying degrees of compaction. By conducting 1 g shaking table test on multi-layered soil, the interaction and influence between different soil layers under different earthquake conditions were observed. The approach of numerical analysis aims to validate the experimental results and provide an in-depth understanding of the dynamic behaviors of multi-layered soil grounds during seismic events. The results of this study show that the amplification effect of seismic waves is related to the number of soil layers and the degree of compaction of the soil layers. This indicates that the multi-layered soil ground and the behavior of the soil layers play an important role in the propagation and impact of seismic waves, and this amplification effect is of great significance in actual seismic disaster risk assessment and design.
TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI DALAM REPRESENTASI HUMOR PADA ACARA TELEVISI LAPOR PAK!
Authors: Saputro Eko Wahyu , Sumarwati Sumarwati , Ulya Chafit , Sohnui Suhailee
Published: April 2024

Humor memiliki manfaat penting dalam berkomunikasi, misalnya meredakan ketegangan dan membuat orang lain menjadi lebih rileks serta memberi hiburan. Bertutur yang merepresentasikan humor bermuatan humor tidak dimiliki setiap orang, namun kompetensi tersebut dapat dipelajari dari tuturan para pelaku humor, termasuk dalam  acara humor di televisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidemtifikasi bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi pada acara televise Lapor Pak! Pendekatan penelitiannya adalah analaisis pragmatik dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Yang menjadi sumber data adalah video acara humor Lapor Pak! yang diperolah dari Youtube. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Untuk mengumpulkan data dilakukan analisis dokumen. Teknik uji validitas yang diterapkan adalah triangulasi teori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada lima bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi pada acara humor Lapor Pak! yaitu tindak tutur asertif, tindak tutur direktif, tindak tutur ilokusi ekspresif, tindak tutur ilokusi komisif dan tindak tutur ilokusi deklaratif. Fungsi tindak tutur bermuatan humor antara lain fungsi memohon, meminta, mengajak, menekan, mendoa, bertanya, menginterogasi, memerintah, menginstruksikan, melarang, membatasi, membolehkan, memberi wewenang, memberi izin, menasihatkan, memperingatkan, dan menyarankan. Bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi yang dominan adalah tindak tutur ilokusi direktif, sedangkan fungsi tindak tutur yang paling dominan adalah fungsi memerintah. Hal itu relevan dengan konteks judul acara Lapor Pak yaitu ber-setting di kantor polisi yang menerima laporan kasus-kasus dan memberi perintah untuk mengatasinya.
DIGITAL-BASED LEARNING MEDIA FOR TEACHING ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO EMERGE EFFICACY OF PERFORMING ART STUDENTS
Authors: Anggraeni Agustin
Published: April 2024

In the information and technology era, learning media has transformed, particularly in the process of English language learning and teaching. About 96.8% of 60 performing art students taking English class prefer to involve digital media for learning English. This data shows that digital learning media play such a highly essential role.  This study aims to describe the varied digital-based learning media in English as Foreign Language to performing art students and to identify the impact toward the students’ efficacy. The author selected performing art students as the sample and implemented purposive sampling to determine the sample. To collect the data, the author surveyed digital platforms, observed the class, spread efficacy questionnaire, and interviewed some of the respondents. The results shows there are eight digital-based learning media which are effective to be applied in English learning and teaching, i.e. Heyzine, Kahoot, Quizizz, Linoit, Wordwall, Mentimeter, Youtube, and Duolingo. All of those media do emerge the students’ efficacy in learning English. The diagrams of the results display that all of the students provided with digital media during the learning process have high and highest efficacy as they responded the questionnaire questions with high proportion of agree and strongly agree statement. Therefore, applying digital media to millennial is obviously effective to enhance their efficacy in learning English as foreign language.
The Effect of Tone Changes on The Interjection of ‘Aiya’ (哎呀) in Attitude and Emotional Signals
Authors: Syahputra Fikry Prastya , Siregar Feby Yoana
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to prove that modification of the interjection ‘Aiya’ [哎呀] at certain intonation signals a different attitude. As a result, this study focuses on the different emotional expressions that the Chinese word aiya might convey. Re-searchers employed recording methods with the PRAAT application. Furthermore, the researcher presented 40 respondents who were Mandarin students to give a direct as-sessment of the original and the manipulated interjection. The perception test is carried out by playing five interjection utterances without telling the respondent which sound is the initial utterance. The first sentence has the results of happy emotional attitudes. When it is raised and lowered to 4 semitones, there is a balanced variation of emotions. However, when it was raised to 8 semitones, the test results show an emotional attitude of disappointment, and when lowered to 8 semitones, showed an emotional attitude of impressed. An increase of one tone point can create a positive impression. Then, if there is a decrease, it will make a negative impression. However, because of the vast variation in everyone's perception, generating these conclusions is still impossible. This is where the suggestion appears for future researchers to continue this research and make this research a reference.
《等级标准》与印尼本土中文师资培训以培养“中文+职业技能”课程的结合
Authors: Phanata Stephanie
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the “Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education” (hereinafter referred to as “Grading Standards”) have attracted worldwide attention for improving the quality of Chinese teaching. However, local Chinese teacher training in Indonesia rarely discusses the role of “Grading Standards”. Many local professional Chinese teachers in universities do not understand how to combine “Grading Standards” with “Chinese + Vocational Skills” courses. This article explains the “Grading Standards” and the methods and directions of local Chinese teacher training in Indonesia. First, we will introduce the requirements and types of “Chinese + Vocational Skills” courses for Chinese language majors in vocational colleges in Indonesia. Secondly, it proposes training content for local Chinese teachers in Indonesia. The final article provides the “Grading Standards” and Indonesian local Chinese teacher training methods based on constructivist theory. The author hopes that it will be helpful to promote the sustainable development of Chinese teacher training in Indonesia and achieve the goals of Chinese teaching.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE AS A POWERFUL INSTRUMENT OF PROTECTION AGAINST SOCIAL RISKS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Koshkarov Yurii , Asieieva Iryna , Aliyeva Polina
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of the formation of the state as a powerful tool against social risks on the example of the countries of Western Europe (Germany and Great Britain); the concept of a social state is given as such, which creates all possible conditions for the realization of economic, social and cultural human rights, for independent provision of the necessary level of material well-being by an initiative and socially responsible person for himself and his family members; the activities of the International Labor Organization and the International Social Security Association are reviewed; the social experience of the formation of such states as Germany and Great Britain is analyzed; it has been proven that a number of political, social and economic factors became the impetus for more comprehensive social protection in the countries of Western Europe.
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE RURAL POPULATION
Authors: Stativka Nataliia , Boyko Zanna
Published: April 2024

The article examines the role of the state in the development of rural social infrastructure to improve the quality of life of the population. The means of state influence on the development of rural social infrastructure in Ukraine are determined: financial support; creation of programs and strategies; ensuring access to quality education; providing financial support for hospitals and medical institutions; development and improvement of transport and communication infrastructure; setting quality standards for rural social infrastructure.
Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning Classiﬁer Algorithms for Software Estimation in Software Development Projects
Authors: Mannan Muhammad Adeel , Qamar Rohail , Khan Iqbal Uddin , Hussain Afzal , Ahmed Saad , Khan Jahangir
Published: April 2024

The major aim of this research is to rank the best performing features in order to classify the Software estimation dataset using SVM, Naïve Bayes, Random forest, Decision tree, and KNN classifiers and evaluate their accuracy. Two steps are involved in the classification process: first, the dataset with all attributes is analyzed; second, the information gain methodology is used to rank the attributes, and only the highly rated ones are used to generate the model of classification. Using several folds of cross-validation, we assess the accuracy rank of SVM, Naïve Bayes, Decision tree, Random forest, and KNN classifier
Research and Development Aimed at Creating Hydrate-Based Technology for Storage and Transportation of Hydrocarbon Gases
Authors: Semenov M. E. , Varfolomeev M. A. , Mirzakimov U. Zh. , Son E. R. , Pavelyev R. S. , Chirkova Y. F. , Stoporev A. S.
Published: April 2024

Due to the discovery of new giant fields, the Russian Federation is actively shifting oil and gas production to northern regions and the Arctic shelf. However, harsh operating conditions, low temperatures, special environmental requirements, and limited infrastructure require new approaches to the full-scale development of the fields. Using gas hydrates as an alternative technology for storing and transporting natural/associated gases is becoming increasingly relevant. This technology has many advantages, such as environmental safety, relatively low temperatures and pressures for hydrate formation and storage, and high gas content in the hydrate form. Special attention is paid to developing efficient methods to produce the hydrates, on which the feasibility of the entire technological process depends. Several highly efficient reagents to accelerate hydrate formation were designed and successfully implemented in scientific and technical projects devoted to solidified natural gas technology. The hydrate issue also arises due to the need to create a controlled flow of hydrate particles in oil.
Homophily in Global Trade
Authors: Shi Ningyi
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the presence of homophily in global trade. The prevalent theoretical intuition and justification for relevance of homophily is dissected into two distinct mechanisms: concord effect and nexus effect. Using post-COVID cross-sectional data from 2021, this paper empirically confirms the presence of homophily in global trade along language and (tertiary) education similarities. In other words, Two countries that are more similar in language and in (tertiary) education attainment tend to trade more. While concord and nexus effects can explain homophily along language similarities in global trade, they fall short for explaining homophily along education similarities. Additionally, religious similarities negatively impact global trade, and the reason for this observed damping effect of religion similarity is unaccounted by current literature. This paper also discovers two empirical associations - one positive between religious similarity, social connectedness, and regional trade agreement participation; one negative between educational similarity and social connectedness - both lacking theoretical backing. These findings highlight the need for further theoretical exploration to understand the nuanced impacts of these associations on global trade
Assessing the Impact of Nigerian Government Policies on Building Resilience and Facilitating Transformational Recovery: a Comparative Analysis With Other African Countries
Authors: Charles AGUM , ADOFU ILEMONA
Published: April 2024

This study seeks to critically analyze the effectiveness of Nigerian government policies in building resilience and facilitating transformational recovery in the face of diverse crises, using a comparative approach with other African countries. With various challenges ranging from economic downturns, climate change effects, to public health emergencies, resilience has become an essential characteristic for Nigerian communities. The government's role in developing policies that foster resilience and transformational recovery is crucial in this context. The research employs the qualitative research design, including a policy analysis of Nigerian government strategies and interventions, and a comparative analysis with selected African countries that have shown significant strides in building resilience. The countries selected for comparison include Kenya, Rwanda, and South Africa, each with unique resilience-building policies despite confronting similar challenges as Nigeria. Preliminary findings suggest that effective government policies typically involve strong community engagement, a robust public health infrastructure, sustainable economic strategies, and comprehensive disaster risk management plans. The study aims to provide actionable recommendations for policy improvements in Nigeria based on the successful strategies employed by the other African countries under study. The study's implications extend beyond Nigeria, as it adds to the broader discourse on the role of government policies in building resilience and facilitating transformational recovery in developing countries, especially in the African context.
Documentation of Behavioural Patterns of an endangered animal Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at the Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
Authors: MISHRA JYOTI RANJAN , SAUDAGAR IRSHAD ALI
Published: April 2024

Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) heavily rely on forests for their survival, as they are forest-dependent animals. In order to thrive, they require vast expanses of undisturbed forest. However, their natural habitat is facing severe threats due to activities such as logging, mining, and the expansion of agriculture. Furthermore, these remarkable creatures are also targeted by hunters for their meat and various body parts, which are unfortunately sought after for use in traditional medicine. This research examines the behavioural dynamics of the Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) at Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary situated at Assam, India, providing critical insights into their social organization, feeding patterns, territorial behaviours, and reproductive strategies. Utilizing methodologies such as direct observations and photography over a year, the study highlights a complex social hierarchy and specialized vocal communication within gibbon groups. Seasonal shifts significantly influence their dietary preferences, which in turn affect their ranging patterns and habitat choices, underscoring the sanctuary’s ecological value for their sustenance. Key findings indicate a reliance on specific fruit-bearing trees and the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on their spatial distribution. These observations are instrumental for crafting targeted conservation strategies, stressing the importance of habitat conservation, continuous ecological monitoring, and local community engagement in conservation efforts. By offering a deeper understanding of behavioural ecology of Hoolock hoolock, this study lays the groundwork for informed conservation practices essential for the survival and well-being of this endangered species.
Autonomous Multi-Drone Warehousing through Deep Reinforcement Learning and Predictive Potential Fields
Authors: Longa Marc Espinós , Wei Zhuangkun , Tsourdos Antonios , Gokhan Inalhan
Published: April 2024

The multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problem is a well-known field of study that has been gaining special interest in the last decade. From cooperative to competitive learning, MARL systems are mainly validated in game-theoretical environments and real-time game engines due to the inherent system complexity. Given the robustness of Q-based methods under multi-agent frameworks proved in previous multi-agent studies, we present a real autonomous multi-drone system for warehousing that combines a double deep Q network (DDQN) for high-level control and a predictive potential field algorithm for dynamic obstacle avoidance. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used for low-level vehicle dynamics. Our decentralized and generalized DDQN is trained in a virtual representation of our indoor flight arena. Both controllers are integrated and validated on a real heterogeneous fleet of 3 multirotor vehicles that need to pick up and deliver a series of assigned virtual payloads while coordinating static and dynamic collision avoidance. As compared to point-to-point (p2p) navigation, the implemented system demonstrates to be more robust and resilient against unexpected conditions. Further model training schemes and integration designs are proposed as future work to improve collective swarm behavior.
Spatio-temporal Distribution and Transport Pathways Analysis of Sand and Dust Weather in North China
Authors: Fan Lei , Wang Yi , He Bin , Cao Chenglin
Published: April 2024

This study commences by extracting hourly data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations to discern occurrences of sand and dust events in the North China region spanning from 2015 to 2023. Subsequently, the HYSPLIT model is employed to precisely locate the sources and track the migration routes of specific representative sand and dust weather occurrences. Additionally, the study investigates the interplay between meteorological factors and dust events to elucidate the triggering mechanisms of these phenomena. Building on these findings, used to forecast PM10 concentrations for North China through random forest model. The findings indicate In March 19 to 23, 2023, North China witnessed dust events, with the episode from being the most intense and widespread in recent years. An analysis of the paths and sources of this sand and dust event revealed that the severe sandstorm in North China was the result of a synergistic effect of dust sources from Mongolia and Northwest China. The study identified a combination of meteorological factors—maximum wind speed > 6.1 m/s, relative humidity < 56%, and solar radiation > 128 w/m2—as having the most significant impact on sandstorm in North China. Leveraging these research outcomes, the study established an hourly PM10 prediction model for North China using random forest approach, with the highest accuracy for 1–3 hour forecasts. This study has advanced our understanding of dust and sand weather events to a certain extent,, furnishing a theoretical and scientific basis for the effective management of sand and dust in ecologically vulnerable regions.
Integrating TREC/KREC assay and some cytokines in the evaluation of the immune status of patients with DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Abo-Shanab Assem Metwally , Raouf Haiam Abdel , Fayez Alaaeldin G. , Helwa Iman , Ashaat Engy A. , Kholoussi Naglaa , Esmaiel Nora N. , Abdelkawy Rania Fawzy Mahmoud
Published: April 2024

Aim
The study aimed to offer better genetic evaluation and consultation for DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) patients by combining screening of 22q11.2 and immunologic studies. A basic immune profile including the basic CD panel and immunoglobulins estimation was performed. TRECS and KRECS expression were studied in addition to measuring serum IL33, Obestatin, HLA-G, and Procalcitonin serum levels.
Methods
All investigations were performed for DGS patients (n = 33) and the matched control group (n = 45). Polymorphic 22q11.2 markers mapping was performed by PCR-STR technique. Lymphocyte subsets immunophenotyping was done using flow cytometry, while measurement of serum immunoglobulins was estimated using nephelometry. Real-time PCR was the method used for TRECs and KRECs measurement. Serum IL33, Obestatin, HLA-G, and Procalcitonin levels were determined using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data was coded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software.
Results
In our case–control study, KREC expression was significantly elevated in DGS compared to healthy controls (P = 0.0008). There was also a significant increase in immunoglobulin levels in DGS. CD8% as well as CD8 absolute count in the patients with DGS were significantly lower than in the healthy control (P = 0.01273 and 0.05358 respectively). There were no significant differences in IL33, Obestatin, HLA-G, and Procalcitonin levels between DGS patients compared to the control group. Our results concerning the distinct segment of 22q11.2 as a DGS susceptibility region revealed an informative novel atypical interstitial homozygous deletion. This deletion included D22S944 and COMT absence, and D22S941 and D22S264 presence. Out of 33 DGS patients, three patients showed deletion in the D22S944 marker only in the presence of D22S941, and D22S264 markers. Therefore, we could assume that D22S944 is a common deleted marker in non-isolated DGS patients.
Conclusion
Combining 22q11.2 region screening, immune profile studies, and TRECS and KRECS expression offers a new comprehensive approach for DGS patients. This approach provides a better strategy for genetic consultation for DGS patients. Moreover, this study may be the first to show a small interstitial 22q11.2 deletion stereotype in a DGS patient and also showed that the smallest deletion at the 22q11.2 region is enough to confer the DGS phenotype.
Potential Mechanism of HXSJ Decoction in the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcer: Based on the Association between Venous Leg Ulcers and Ferroptosis
Authors: Pan Sunfeng , Xiong Lie , Li Jiakun , Wang Zhenjun , Su Yujuan , Fang Gaofeng , Zhu Minda , Shi Hanqiang , Li Jiayan , Liu Zhaoyan , Han Chunmao , Shi Yanbo
Published: April 2024

Background: Venous leg ulcer (VLU) represents one of the most severe clinical manifestations in the progression of chronic venous diseases (CVD), imposes substantial burdens on both patients and society. The etiology of VLU is associated with the impairment of vascular endothelial cells.
Methods: In clinical, a total of 10 patients diagnosed with VLU were enrolled in this study, and 4 types of skin tissue samples were collected from each patient, including normal, hyperpigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis, and VLU areas. Subsequently, the iron content and GPX activity were quantified. In vitro, iron overload models of HUVECs were established by exogenous 100μM FAC or 100μM Hemin to simulate simple iron overload and hemoglobin exudation, respectively. And ferroptosis medel was induced by 10μM Erastin. Meanwhile, Huoxue Shengji Decoction (HXSJ Decoction) as an external Chinese herbal decoction used in VLU treatment, has been incorporated into our in vitro study. Followed by the lipid peroxidation damage was evaluated by the content of malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation, ferrous ion, DCFH-DA and BODIPY™ 581/591 C11 staining; mitochondrial function was determined through ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of JC-1 staining; the activation of Nrf2/system Xc-/GPX4 axis was assessed through GPX activity, GSH content, qPCR and western blot.
Results: The clinical results showed that, before progressing to VLU, iron deposition in the affected tissues of CVD gradually intensifies (P<0.05), and suddenly decreases in VLU stage (P<0.01). Meanwhile, in hyperpigmentation stage, the GPX activity increased significantly (P<0.05), with further deterioration of CVD, GPX activity was gradually suppressed (P<0.05). The in vitro results indicate that irrespective of iron overload or ferroptosis models, HXSJ Decoction effectively upregulated the expression of Nrf2, xCT, and GPX4 (P<0.05); inhibited the generation of malondialdehyde (P<0.01) and protein carbonylation (P<0.01), alleviated the accumulation of ferrous ions (P<0.05); restored MMP, promoted ATP production (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Overall, this study suggested that iron accumulation-mediated inactivation of GPX4 is a significant contributing factor in VLU development through ferroptosis induction. Additionally, it revealed that the therapeutic mechanism of HXSJ Decoction potentially involves mitigating ferroptosis by activating the Nrf2/system Xc-/GPX4 pathway and alleviating the accumulation of ferrous ions.
Physical Activity Lower Blood Pressure and Mortality in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetes: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018
Authors: Tang Lijiang , Zhong Xin , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Zhi
Published: April 2024

Background: Previous studies on physical activity were generally focused on one or two types of activity, with few studies looking at mortality, and even fewer studies looking at patients with hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure and mortality in hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Methods: Hypertensive patients combined with diabetes were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. These patients were categorized into the physical-active group, and the physical-inactive group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed using T-test, Chi-square test, hazard ratio, and corresponding 95% confidence interval to investigate the effect of physical activity on mortality of hypertensive patients with diabetes.
Results: Physical activity had a significant negative correlation with systolic blood pressure(p=0.01) and among those taking antihypertensive drugs (p=0.0035). After adjusted for age, gender and race, there was still a significant negative association between physical activity and systolic blood pressure (p=0.03). In contrast, physical activity showed a positive correlation with diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002) and among taking antihypertensive drugs participants (p=0.02). In the unadjusted model, the physical-inactive group displayed notably higher risks of all-cause mortality and hypertensive mortality (p＜0.0001). Even after adjusted for age, gender, and race, the physical-inactive group demonstrate a significant increase in the risk of all-cause mortality and hypertensive mortality (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Physical activity can lower systolic blood pressure and reduce the mortality in hypertensive patients with diabetes.
The relation of school absenteeism with adolescent profiles of health behavioural-, psychosocial- and socio-economic characteristics: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Korpelshoek Lindi , Lans Rikkert Martijn , Crone Mathilde Rosalie
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Several wide-range risk factors are associated with school absenteeism. Complexities arise from the multitude and clustering of these risk factors, challenging recognisability of adolescents at risk. This study aimed to identify usable adolescent profiles based on health behavioural-, psychosocial- and socio-demographic characteristics. School absenteeism outcomes of these profiles were compared.
METHODS: A total of 5,889 Dutch secondary school students completed a self-report questionnaire on (1) physical- and mental health, (2) health-related behaviours, and (3) school-, social- and family environments. Profiles of adolescents with similar characteristics were identified using a latent profile analysis. School absenteeism rates and reasons for absenteeism were compared among the identified profiles.
RESULTS: Four profiles were identified: profile A (10.1%), profile B (17.3%), profile C (60.7%) and profile D (11.9%). Two profiles (A, D) showed increased absenteeism risks, each displaying a combination of somatic, mental, social, and family-related problems. Profile A was characterized by psychosocial problems, while profile D was characterized by risk-taking behaviors. Both profile A and D were present across all educational levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The clustering of health behavioural, psychosocial, family and socioeconomic problems implies that school absenteeism requires a comprehensive approach, focusing not only on individual risk factors but also on the interaction of risk factors in an adolescent’s life. Knowledge about our identified profiles can be used to better recognize adolescents at risk and to tailor current interventions in practice, in order to decrease the burden caused by school absenteeism.
Exploring the Sugar Sweetened Drinks Tax (Sugar Tax) Pass Through Rate in the Irish Hospitality Sector
Authors: Houghton Frank , Stritch Jennifer Moran , Auerbach Jeremy , Daly Mia , Houghton Daisy
Published: April 2024

Background
The WHO supports the use of Sugar-Sweetened Drinks Taxes (SSDTs) as a fiscal lever to help reduce sugar consumption and tackle obesity. Obesity is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. In response to increasing levels of obesity in Ireland a SSDT was introduced in 2018. Previous research in Ireland has noted that the pass-through rate of the SSDT in retail (off-site consumption) settings was poor. However, to date no research has examined the SSDT pass-through rate in hospitality (on-site consumption) venues in Ireland.
Methods
This research examines the SSDT pass through rate on full-sugar versus diet versions of Coca-Cola in a convenience sample of 100 hospitality venues in two provincial Irish cities.
Results
In 88% of cases the same price was charged for both full-sugar and sugar free drinks.
Conclusion
It is generally assumed that the SSDT would result in persistent price differences between soft drink prices based on sugar content. However, this is barely evident in the hospitality sector in Ireland. A number of recommendations are suggested, including both increasing the SSDT, and increasing it annually in line with inflation.
The new Neural Pressure Support (NPS) mode and the helmet: did we find the Dynamic Duo?
Authors: Costa Alessandro , Merlo Federico , Pagni Aline , Navalesi Paolo , Grasselli Giacomo , Cammarota Gianmaria , Colombo Davide
Published: April 2024

Background:Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly used in clinical practice to reduce intubation times and enhance patient comfort. However, patient-ventilator interaction (PVI) during NIV, particularly with helmet interfaces, can be challenging due to factors such as dead space and compliance. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) has shown promise in improving PVI during helmet-NIV, but limitations remain. A new mode, Neural Pressure Support (NPS), aims to address these limitations by providing synchronized and steep pressurization. This study aims to assess whether NPS per se improves PVI during helmet-NIV compared to standard pressure support ventilation (PSV).Methods:The study included adult patients requiring NIV with a helmet. Patients were randomized into two arms: one starting with NPS and the other with PSV. Physiological parameters and arterial blood gas analysis were collected during ventilation trials. Expert adjustments to ventilator settings were recorded in order to investigate the impact of the expertise of the clinician as confounding variable.Results:Twenty-four patients were enrolled, with no study interruptions due to safety concerns. NPS demonstrated significantly longer Timesync (0.64 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.37 ± 0.03 s, p < 0.001) and shorter Inspiratory Delay (0.15 ± 0.01 s vs. 0.35 ± 0.01 s, p < 0.001) compared to PSV. NPS also showed better Neural-Ventilator Coupling - Inspiratory (78 ± 2% vs. 45 ± 2%, p < 0.001). Ventilator parameters were not significantly different between NPS and PSV, except for minor adjustments by the expert clinician.Conclusions:NPS improves PVI during helmet-NIV, as evidenced by longer Timesync and better coupling compared to PSV. Expert adjustments to ventilator settings had minimal impact on PVI. These findings support the use of NPS in enhancing patient-ventilator synchronization and warrant further investigation into its clinical outcomes and applicability across different patient populations and interfaces.Trial Registration:This study was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT06004206 Registry URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06004206 on September 08, 2023.
Comparative evaluation of pancreatic ductal and ampullary adenocarcinomas in terms of prognostic clinicopathologic features: A retrospective single- center experience in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Kahraman Dudu Solakoglu , Diniz Gulden , Kandemir Hilal , Ozamrak Birsen Gizem , Buyuktalanci Emin , Talu Esra Canan Kelten , Uylaş Mustafa Ufuk
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Pancreatic ductal (PDACs), and ampullary (AACs) adenocarcinomas have different clinical and pathological prognostic features. The aim of our study is to comparatively evaluate the characteristic clinicopathologic features, prognostic factors and overall survival of resectable PDACs and AACs.
Methods:
We retrospectively compared a total of 120 patients with resectable adenocarcinomas stemming from main pancreatic duct, ampulla of Vater, and both regions in terms of prognostic clinicopathologic features and mean survival rates.
Results:
Adenocarcinomas (AC) originating from pancreatic ducts (n: 75) ,ampulla of Vater (n:19), and both of these anatomical (n:26) regions were pancreatobiliary (PB) (93.3%), intestinal (5.1%), and mixed ( 1.6%) histologic type tumors. There was no statistically significant difference between the tumor groups in terms of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.225), but perineural invasion (PNI) was seen at a statistically significantly lower rate in cases with AAC (p = 0.002). Lymph node involvement was seen more frequently in PDACs. A statistically significant intergroup difference was found when Pearson's chi-square test was used (p = 0.065). The median survival time was longer in AAC and stage I cases compared to those with PDAC and stage II-IV disease.
Conclucion:
In our study, tumor stage, perineural invasion and lymph node involvement were evaluated as important prognostic parameters in pancreatic and ampullary adenocarcinomas. A statistically significant difference was not detected between tumor groups regarding mean survival rates. Adenocarcinomas originating from the pancreatic head outside the ampullary region and also from the ampulla had independently poor prognostic factors closely comparable to PDACs.
Mediating Role of Echo-Intensity in Sex Differences of Physical Fitness among Children
Authors: García-Alonso Yesenia , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Legarra-Gorgoñon Gaizka , Izquierdo Mikel , Alonso-Martínez Alicia M
Published: April 2024

Numerous studies have documented disparities in Physical Fitness (PF) between boys and girls. This cross-sectional study investigates if echo-intensity (EI) explains the relationship between sex and PF among children. The study cohort consisted of 497 children aged 4.0–10.9, including 288 boys and 209 girls. Anthropometric measures, including height, weight, and waist circumference, were assessed. PF was evaluated using age-appropriate tests: the ALPHA Fitness battery for school children and the PREFIT battery for preschool children. Ultrasound (US) was employed to evaluate EI in the rectus femoris muscle. Our analysis revealed boys exhibited significantly higher PFcan components and echo-intensity levels compared to girls (all PF p < 0.001, EI p = 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that the total effect of sex on overall fitness (z-score) was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.66), with an indirect effect mediated by EI of 0.07 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.13), and a direct effect on overall fitness (z-score) of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.30, 0.58; 15.68% mediation). EI in the rectus femoris muscle serves as a factor elucidating how a child's sex influences their PF. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex in exercise planning and interpreting the results of fitness assessments. These insights hold potential implications for public health strategies targeting children and adolescents.
POEMS syndrome misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy：a case report
Authors: JI Yuanhao , WANG Wenjie , HE Hesheng , XU Youhai , WU Qiongle , YANG Jinsun
Published: April 2024

Background
POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes) is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by a plasma cell proliferative disorder. Although POEMS syndrome can cause plasmapheresis, the report of pleural effusion as the main manifestation is not common. Here, we describe a case of POEMS syndrome misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleurisy due to massive pleural effusion.
Case presentation
A 70-year-old man was admitted with chest tightness and was diagnosed with tuberculous pleurisy. Despite receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment, patient exhibited ineffective responses and developed numbness in his lower limbs, indicative of an adverse drug reaction.Adjustment of medication and nutritional nerve treatment yielded no significant improvement. Then he was admitted for the second time three months later. Subsequent auxiliary examinations revealed positive M protein, elevated VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor), peripheral neuropathy, and endocrine disorders, ultimately confirming the diagnosis of POEMS syndrome.
Conclusions
POEMS syndrome can be mainly characterized by pleural effusion. When the cause of pleural effusion is unknown, POEMS syndrome should be suspected.
Development and Validation of a Novel Nomogram Based on Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index for Predicting the Risk of Osteoporosis in Chinese Male Population
Authors: Zhuo Hang , Zhou Zelin , Chen Xingda , Song Zefeng , Shang Qi , Huang Hongwei , Xiao Yun , Wang Xiaowen , Chen Honglin , Yan Xianwei , Zhang Peng , Gong Yan , Liu Huiwen , Liu Yu , Wu Zixian , Liang De , Ren Hui , Jiang Xiaobing
Published: April 2024

Summary Based on SII and PLR, markers of inflammation detected by routine blood tests, we developed a multivariate logistic regression analysis prediction model that showed good correct discriminant (C-index = 0.822) and good calibration for effective diagnosis of osteoporosis in the male population.
Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease that is associated with inflammatory pathological mechanism. Nonetheless, rare studies have investigated the diagnostic effectiveness of immune-inflammation index in the male population. Therefore, it is interesting to achieve early diagnosis of OP in male population based on the inflammatory makers from blood routine examination.
Methods We developed a prediction model based on a training dataset of 826 Chinese male patients, and the data was collected from January 2021 to May 2022. All participants underwent the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) and blood routine examination. Inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was calculated and recorded. We utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to optimize feature selection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the LASSO model. This predictive model was displayed as a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate model performance. Internal validation was test by the bootstrapping method. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ethic No. JY2023012) and conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
Results The predictive factors included in the prediction model were age, BMI, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neuropathy, thyroid diseases, fracture history, SII, PLR, C-reactive protein (CRP). The model displayed well discrimination with a C-index of 0.822 (95% confidence interval: 0.798-0.846) and good calibration. Internal validation showed a high C-index value of 0.805. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that when the threshold probability was between 3% and 76%, the nomogram had a good clinical value.
Conclusion This nomogram can effectively predict the incidence of OP in male population based on SII and PLR, which would help clinicians rapidly and conveniently diagnose OP with men in the future.
Role of tomoelastography in differentiating between non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms
Authors: Yuan Jiaxin , Yu Jinhui , Wen Tingting , Wang Yangdi , Zhang Ning , Liu Jiawei , Feng Shi-Ting , Wang Liqin , Shi Siya , Luo Yanji
Published: April 2024

Background
The mechanical properties of pancreatic diseases provide new insight for diagnosis and differentiation. Tomoelastography, a multifrequency MR elastography technique, provides high-resolution maps of shear wave speed (c in m/s) and phase angle (φ in rad) for evaluating pancreatic stiffness and fluidity. We explore the diagnostic performances of stiffness and fluidity quantified using tomoelastography for differentiating between non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NF-pNENs) and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs).
Methods
This prospective study consecutive enrolled 92 untreated patients with pathologically confirmed NF-pNENs and SPNs who underwent tomoelastography examinations from September 2021 to September 2023. Two radiologists independently measured the stiffness and fluidity, and intra/interobserver agreements were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent relevant clinical and radiological features to differentiate NF-pNENs and SPNs. The diagnostic performances of stiffness and fluidity and clinical features for tumor differentiation were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves.
Results
Thirty patients with SPNs; 62 with NF-pNENs. The radiologists showed substantial or near-perfect interobserver agreement in evaluating clinical and radiological features. SPNs had lower stiffness (1.87 vs 2.40 m/s, P < 0.001) and fluidity (0.97 vs 1.10 rad, P < 0.001) than NF-pNENs. In the multivariate analysis, the independent relevant factors for tumor differentiation were age (P = 0.002) and stiffness (P < 0.001). The areas under the curves (AUCs) of age and stiffness for tumor differentiation were 0.780 (cutoff, 47.5 years) and 0.876 (cutoff, 2.07 m/s), respectively. The differentiation performance of the combined model (c + age) was better than that of convention model (age + enhancement pattern) (AUC = 0.921 vs 0.813; P = 0.009), as well as compared to the age (AUC = 0.921 vs 0.780; P < 0.001), enhancement pattern (AUC = 0.921 vs 0.675; P < 0.001), and fluidity (φ) (AUC = 0.921 vs 0.788; P = 0.011) metrics, but the stiffness (c) metric alone had comparable differentiation performance (AUC = 0.921 vs 0.876; P = 0.115).
Conclusions
Tomoelastography quantified lesion stiffness values combined with clinical age metrics were effective in identifying NF-pNENs and SPNs, establishing the value of tomoelastography in the non-invasive preoperative quantitative identification of pancreas-associated neoplasms.