bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Electromechanical Function in Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Χαρισοπούλου Δάφνη
Published: January 2025

Ο ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Ο σκοπός αυτής της διατριβής είναι να αξιολογηθεί, στο Σύνδρομο Μακρού QT (LQTS) και, ανάλογα με τον γονότυπο, η απόκριση της ηλεκτρομηχανικής (EM) λειτουργίας του μυοκαρδίου στην άσκηση, η σχέση της με τα συμπτώματα και η ανταπόκρισή της στη θεραπεία με β-αναστολείς. Για την επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου, πραγματοποιήθηκαν 4 μελέτες με τους εξής ειδικούς στόχους: 1. Η μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς της κοιλιακής επαναπόλωσης (διάστημα QTc) κατά τη διάρκεια στρες και οι πιθανές αιμοδυναμικές της επιδράσεις, όπως αντανακλώνται στη πλήρωση της αριστερής κοιλίας και την απόκριση του όγκου παλμού στην άσκηση. 2. Η αξιολόγηση της ανταπόκρισης της ηλεκτρομηχανικής σύζευξης στην άσκηση, όπως εκφράζεται από το ηλεκτρομηχανικό παράθυρο (EMW), και η σχέση της με τα συμπτώματα. 3. Η μελέτη πιθανών μηχανικών διαταραχών κατά τη διάρκεια στρες μέσω της μυοκαρδιακής συστολής, οι επιδράσεις τους στη διαστολική λειτουργία του μυοκαρδίου και η σχέση τους με τις διαταραχές της κοιλιακής επαναπόλωσης. 4. Η διερεύνηση της πρώιμης μυοκαρδιακής χαλάρωσης, ιδιαίτερα της αλληλουχίας από την κορυφή προς τη βάση, και η δυναμική της απόκριση στην άσκηση, καθώς και οποιαδήποτε πιθανή σύνδεση με την ανάπτυξη συμπτωμάτων. 5. Η μελέτη της επίδρασης των β-αναστολέων στις ηλεκτρομηχανικές παραμέτρους σε κατάσταση ηρεμίας και κατά την άσκηση. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΙ: Σαράντα επτά φορείς μεταλλάξεων LQTS (ηλικίας 45±15 έτη, 25 γυναίκες, 20 συμπτωματικοί) και 35 υγιή άτομα (αντιστοιχισμένα ως προς ηλικία και φύλο) υποβλήθηκαν σε δοκιμασία άσκησης (πρωτόκολλο Bruce). Καταγράφηκαν οι παράμετροι ΗΚΓ, Doppler και υπερηχοκαρδιογραφίας με παρακολούθηση σημείων (speckle-tracking) σε κατάσταση ηρεμίας, στο μέγιστο της άσκησης και κατά την ανάρρωση. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Διαπιστώσαμε ότι η ανώμαλη επαναπόλωση των κοιλιών σε φορείς LQTS σχετιζόταν με έντονη μηχανική διασπορά της αριστερής κοιλίας (LV) και με ανώμαλη αντιστροφή της ηλεκτρομηχανικής σχέσης στο τέλος της συστολής της LV και της κατά μήκος αλληλουχίας πρώιμης χαλάρωσης. Τα φαινόμενα αυτά επιδεινώνονταν στη μέγιστη άσκηση, ιδιαίτερα στους φορείς LQT1, και συσχετίζονταν με μειωμένη διαστολική λειτουργία της LV και περιορισμένη ανταπόκριση του όγκου παλμού στην άσκηση. Τέτοιες ανώμαλες ηλεκτρομηχανικές αποκρίσεις στην άσκηση ήταν πιο έντονες σε ασθενείς με προηγούμενα δυσμενή καρδιακά συμβάντα και μπορούσαν να αναγνωρίσουν καλύτερα αυτούς τους ασθενείς σε σχέση με τη χρήση μόνο του διαστήματος QTc . Αυτές οι διαταραχές ήταν επίσης λιγότερο έντονες σε φορείς LQTS που λάμβαναν θεραπεία με β-αναστολείς. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ: Η ενσωμάτωση της στρες-υπερηχοκαρδιογραφικής αξιολόγησης των ηλεκτρομηχανικών παραμέτρων στη ρουτίνα εκτίμησης των ατόμων με LQTS μπορεί να βοηθήσει στη βελτίωση της σταδιοποίησης του κινδύνου, της ερμηνείας των συμπτωμάτων και της διαχείρισης.
Unlocking the power of Real-World Data: Transforming practice for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Apostolakis Ioannis
Published: January 2025

No abstract available
Influence of Smartphone Usage on development of Sexuality among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India
Authors: Manya Sharath M , K Jayashree , Mithra Prasanna , Galagali Preeti M , Ommen Sara J
Published: January 2025

Background Better affordability of data plans and an increase in “budget” smartphones have resulted in an exponential rise in internet and smartphone users. The ease of access to sexually explicit material (SEM) coupled with adolescents’ impulsivity makes them prone to excessive SEM exposure and may affect the development of sexuality via the perceived realism of such content. This study was done to study the influence between problematic smartphone usage (PSU) and sexuality development among late adolescent boys. Methods One hundred and thirty-four adolescents aged 18-19 years, studying in a medical university, participated in this cross-sectional study. Smartphone Addiction Scale – short version (SAS-SV) to evaluate PSU and a content validated semi-structured proforma to evaluate gender identity, sexual orientation, sources of information on pubertal changes, and exposure to pornographic content was used. We expressed results as proportion and summary measures (Mean±SD), Chi-square test to find influence between PSU and adolescent sexuality development. Results We found a 45.5% prevalence of PSU. Among study participants, 88% were attracted to the opposite sex, 6% were attracted to the same-sex, and 6% were attracted to both sexes. Three per cent of participants liked wearing clothes of the opposite sex, 7.5% wanted to be members of the opposite sex, whereas 10.4% were not comfortable with their genitalia. They obtained information regarding pubertal changes from friends (85) and media (78). Many had exposure to pornographic content (90%), with the youngest being nine years old. Conclusion Nearly half of the late adolescents have PSU. Pornographic contents are accessed through Smartphones.
ENSINO SUPERIOR, EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS E DIVERSIDADE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE VIVÊNCIAS DE ESTUDANTES E PROFESSORES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Krieger Grossi Patricia , Antunes Machado Lucas , Costa Ketlin
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre as vivências de estudantes e professores com a educação em direitos humanos em uma universidade privada, sem fins lucrativos. Torna-se urgente refletir sobre como políticas de raça, classe, gênero e sexualidade têm sido abordadas nas práticas de professores e nas vivências de estudantes do ensino superior. Nesse sentido, a interseccionalidade foi utilizada como uma ferramenta analítica para a compreensão das vivências em educação em direitos humanos. Os participantes da pesquisa foram estudantes e professores de diferentes áreas de conhecimento. Os estudantes participaram através de grupos focais e os professores através de uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram transcritos e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados demonstram que estudantes vivenciam discriminação de gênero, raça. classe e sexualidade na Universidade e existe a necessidade de transversalizar a educação em direitos humanos nas diferentes disciplinas e incorporar metodologias que considerem o contexto cultural, social e econômico de estudantes. Conclui-se que a discussão dos direitos humanos e diversidade deve ser incorporada no âmbito da formação continuada de professores, pois marcadores sociais da diferença (raça, classe, gênero e sexualidade) perfazem as experiências individuais, sociais e profissionais de qualquer educador. Além disso, a formação em educação em direitos humanos e diversidade possibilita a problematização e tensionamento de práticas educativas, visando a reflexão crítica e a práxis transformadora.Palavras-chaves: educação em direitos humanos; diversidade; ensino superior; interseccionalidade.
VIOLÊNCIA SIMBÓLICA E SUAS RAMIFICAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Henrique de Souza Machado Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Este artigo aborda a temática da Violência Simbólica na Educação contemporânea, com o objetivo de investigar e compreender as implicações desse fenômeno na formação de indivíduos e na construção do conhecimento. Utilizando como referencial teórico as contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu, a análise se concentra na natureza invisível e penetrante da violência simbólica, que se manifesta por meio de gestos, palavras e estruturas que reforçam desigualdades e hierarquias no ambiente educacional. O estudo empregou uma metodologia de revisão bibliográfica sistemática, explorando trabalhos acadêmicos e artigos que abordam a violência simbólica. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de desvendar as complexidades subjacentes que moldam a educação contemporânea, bem como a importância de adotar estratégias proativas para mitigar os efeitos da violência simbólica, promovendo um ambiente educativo inclusivo, equitativo e livre de preconceitos. A compreensão e o enfrentamento da violência simbólica são fundamentais para garantir uma educação que estimule a igualdade, a liberdade acadêmica e o pleno desenvolvimento dos indivíduos.
A Study on the Estimation of Environmental Effects of Hanwoo Steers Carcass Traits
Authors: Son Ji-Hyun , Lee Ki-Hwan , Lee Ji-Hong , Koo Yang-Mo
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental factors on the carcass traits of Hanwoo cattle. We collected carcass data of 1,703,304 animals of castrated cattle, which were raised by Korean beef farmers nationwide from 2009 to 2019 and registered as pedigree with the Korea Animal Improvement Association and Korea Livestock products Quality Evaluation Institute. The final data used for the analysis after pre-removal of missing and outliers were the slaughter data of 970,567 animals slaughtered from farmhouse 4,040, and four traits were considered: Carcass Weight (CW), Eye Muscle Area (EMA), Backfat Thickness (BF), and Marbling Score (MS). In this study, in order to extract more than the appropriate number of samples from 970,141 animals slaughter data , 600 out of 4,040 farms were simply random sampled and all slaughter data of selected farms were extracted. In addition, to increase the accuracy of variance analysis, samples were extracted by repeating 10 times using the SURVEY SELECT procedure of the SAS statistical program (package ver 9.3) and used for analysis. In the general analysis, to determine the normality of the data by analyzing the generality of each breeding trait, the SAS UNIVARIATE procedure was used to test the Komogorov-Smirnov statistic (D) for each trait to determine whether it was close to the normal distribution. All carcass traits were confirmed to follow a normal distribution based on normality tests. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed on factors such as slaughter age, production region, slaughter year, and slaughter season using the PROC GLM (Generalized Linear Model) in SAS Package Ver 9.1.3 Service Pack 4. The results of significance tests revealed that all factors, including farm, slaughter year, slaughter season, and slaughter age, had highly significant effects (p<0.01) on all carcass traits. Additionally, carcass performance was influenced by the timing of slaughter, data size, and the level of fixed effects. The results of this study, based on national farm data, provide valuable estimates of environmental effects, serving as foundational data for genetic evaluation of cows in commercial farms. Thus, this information is expected to be directly applicable to improving cow breeding programs.
Precision en-bloc retroperitoneal paraganglioma resection performed laparoscopically: A case report
Authors: Zhou Jia-Le , Xie Fei
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Phaeochromocytoma and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors usually caused by parasympathetic or sympathetic nerves, with an overall incidence of approximately 0.66 cases per 100000 people per year. Most PPGLs are asymptomatic, and a few develop symptoms, such as elevated blood pressure and rapid heart rate, because of the release of catecholamines. According to the literature, surgical resection is the mainstay of PPGL treatment. However, the choice between minimally invasive surgery and open surgery remains controversial, particularly in cases involving complex anatomical relationships. We successfully resected a tumor located between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta using a minimally invasive approach with the assistance of computed tomography (CT) angiography and three-dimensional reconstruction, resulting in a favorable outcome.

CASE SUMMARY

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with right upper abdominal discomfort for more than 6 months, experiencing occasional pins and needles sensation and radiation from the right shoulder and back. Prehospital CT of the upper abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma. Surgery was recommended, and an enhanced CT scan of the upper abdomen, along with preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction, was performed after admission. The imaging indicated that the mass, measuring approximately 4.1 cm × 3.8 cm × 4.8 cm, was situated between the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava, extending downward to the level of the left renal vein. After ruling out any contraindications to surgery, a minimally invasive laparoscopy was performed to excise the mass precisely. The surgery was successful without any postoperative complications, and the 2-month follow-up revealed no abnormal signs of recurrence.

CONCLUSION

This case report describes successful and precise laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal tumor. The patient recovered well during the 2-month follow-up, and postoperative pathology revealed a paraganglioma.
Partition, Revolution and Alternative Futures in Irish Women's Fiction
Authors: Sherratt-Bado Dawn Miranda
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT: This article discusses Irish women's partition fiction within an interdisciplinary and all-island framework. Through close readings of fiction by women who experienced the partitioning of Ireland, it traces how they chronicle this period and envision alternative futures. Situating their work in relation to a wider nexus of institutional memory, it seeks to advance our understanding of an enduring trauma and its postmemory. After the Decade of Centenaries (2012–2023), how does foregrounding women's partition narratives shift or displace dominant metanarratives about the Irish Revolution? 2023 was the 25th anniversary of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement. The convergence of these major anniversaries amid Brexit and a continuing disputed border in Ireland raised questions regarding how to address this fraught history from inclusive, all-island perspectives. This study aims to foster gender-inclusive understanding of the history of partition through literature, and to consider how women's partition fiction illuminates the potential for a 'shared island'.
Liquid lens with a large aperture and a wide zoom range by using a flexible retractable pipe
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Zhu Jiazhen , Kou Songfeng , Ma Xiaobo , Liang Zhongcheng , Zhao Rui
Published: January 2025

In this work, a large-aperture and wide zoom range liquid lens based on a flexible retractable pipe is proposed. It mainly consists of a flexible corrugated pipe, transparent filling liquid, elastic film, and electromagnetic actuator. By applying different currents, the pipe stretches or compresses along the axial direction, changing the curvature of the elastic membrane instead of driving by the filling liquid flow, and ultimately realizing the continuous tuning of the focal length. In the experiment, a 20 mm aperture liquid lens prototype is fabricated and tested. As the current changes from −300 to 300 mA, the negative focal length varies from −∞ to −46.25mm, while the positive focal length ranges from 44.25 mm to +∞. When the current is 300 mA, the lens achieves 45.30 lp/mm resolution and exhibits 1.73× magnification. Additionally, its response time is less than 8 ms.
Investigation of the modification intensity and distribution in silica glass via ultrafast laser direct writing
Authors: Ye Yunxia , Dong Shenshen , Liu Yang , Li Rui , Xiao Mingyang , Yu Xiangtao , Tian Feng
Published: January 2025

In ultrafast laser processing of silica glass, the laser-affected zone and heat accumulation of the ultrafast laser influence the modified intensity and distribution within the materials, subsequently affecting its optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Although there have been some studies on the modification of silica glass, there is still a lack of detailed research on the relationship between laser parameters and the intensity and distribution of the modification. In this study, the effects of pulse energy densities and the number of burst modes on the intensity and distribution of silica glass modification were quantitatively investigated using a combination of Raman spectroscopy detection and simulation. The results indicated that as the pulse energy density increased, the modification intensity at the bottom of the groove after laser scanning was approximately 14% higher than that at the surface. When the pulse energy density was 314J/cm2 and the burst number was two, the internal modification intensity and distribution in silica glass exhibited a decreasing trend along the modification line region, with the modification intensity decreasing by an average of approximately 62%. This study enhances the ability to predict the intensity and morphology of ultrafast laser modified silica glass and provides theoretical guidance for preparing various silica glass components.
Achieving precise dual-modulation of polarization and phase using a broadband terahertz single-cell metasurface
Authors: Gu Wei , Shao Yan , Wen Haozhe , Yao Weiyu , Liang Wei , Wang Xinyi , Tang Hongying , Wang Liangxing , Luo Yang
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a reflective metasurface composed of a single unit structure, yet capable of achieving precise control of two degrees of freedom. By grooving two orthogonal slots on the copper ring, it enables the independent conversion of the two orthogonal components of the incident waves. Consequently, incident linearly-polarized waves can be rotated by an arbitrary angle. For circularly-polarized waves, the handedness will be reversed; furthermore, the phase of the reflected wave can cover the full 2π range by rotating the unit cells in a manner similar to that of the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase metasurface. Rigorous theoretical analyses are provided. Numerical validation demonstrates that the cross-polarization reflectance of the metasurface exceeds 0.7 within the frequency range of 0.7044 to 2.0859 THz, corresponding to nearly 100% relative bandwidth. The modulation accuracy of the polarization angle can reach within 1 degree. The proposed metasurface may find applications in communication, imaging, sensing, and other fields.
Improving the near-infrared luminescence of Ca3MgSnGe3O12:Cr3+ using cation modulation and energy transfer for night-vision and nondestructive testing
Authors: Wang Tao , Li Mengjiao , Jiao Zhiyong , Feng Xiuxiu , Wang Zhijun , Li Panlai
Published: January 2025

A series of Ca3Mg1−xSr
x
SnGe3O12:0.05Cr3+ (x = 0.005–0.3) phosphors were synthesized in this study; varying the Cr3+-ion crystal-field strength through Sr2+-concentration variation resulted in a luminescence-center redshift. Nd3+-ion co-doping resulted in a broad-spectrum emissive material with a 468 nm excitation wavelength, expanded full width at half maximum (FWHM) (195 nm), Cr–Nd energy transfer, and an ultra-high temperature stability (99.59% at 423 K). Combining Ca3Mg0.7Sr0.3SnGe3O12:0.05Cr3+, 0.05Nd3+ with blue LED chips resulted in near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) for night-vision and nondestructive testing applications. This study reports what we believe is a novel method for designing NIR light-emitting materials with excellent luminescence properties that could guide future research on NIR phosphors with widespread applicability.
Realization of a high-power UV-pumped optical parametric oscillator depending on the decrease of the color center density
Authors: Li Jiawei , Cao Xuechen , Zhang Yanlin , Yang Jie , Jin Pixian , Su Jing , Lu Huadong
Published: January 2025

In this paper, a high-power UV-pumped BBO optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is presented by increasing the working temperature of the nonlinear crystal to fasten the color center recovery speed and further decrease the color center density. When the working temperature of the BBO crystal was experimentally increased from 135 °C to 185 °C, the output power was scaled up from 1.20 W to 2.17 W. The repetition rate and pulse width of the signal light were 10 kHz and 5.23 ns, respectively. By rotating the BBO crystal, the wavelength of the signal light was tuned from 409.81 nm to 581.87 nm. To the best of our knowledge, it was the highest output power for the 355 nm UV-pumped II-type critical phase-matched BBO OPO. The results are beneficial for the development of OPOs as well as in industrial and scientific research fields.
Enhancing hole injection efficiency in an AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet laser diode by three-terminal structure with the AlScN ferroelectric layer
Authors: Chen Ruihua , Jiang Ke , Zhang Zi-Hui , Ben Jianwei , Zhang Shanli , Liu Kexi , Wang Xianjun , Zhang Chunyue , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing
Published: January 2025

Here, we have designed a novel, to the best of our knowledge, three-terminal AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) laser diode (LD), featuring an AlScN ferroelectric layer beneath the third terminal and a stepped ridge structure. Our findings indicate that when the AlScN layer is negatively polarized by an external bias by the third terminal, the fixed polarization positive charges at the AlScN/p-GaN interface can enhance hole injection efficiency by modulating the energy band in the p-type region near the AlScN layer. The modulation does not deteriorate the electron injection and the optical field confinement, thus effectively increasing the stimulated recombination rate in the active region. As a result, there is a marked reduction in threshold current density, accompanied by a significant rise in output light power. Furthermore, our investigation suggests that the stepped ridge structure can further mitigate the hole lateral diffusion during the hole injection process, ensuring sufficient hole current density. This study, theoretically, offers a novel way to realize high-performance AlGaN-based DUV LD.
Wide-field bond-selective fluorescence imaging: from single-molecule to cellular imaging beyond video rate
Authors: Lee Dongkwan , Wang Haomin , Kocheril Philip A. , Bi Xiaotian , Naji Noor , Wei Lu
Published: January 2025

Wide-field (WF) imaging is pivotal for observing dynamic biological events. While WF chemical microscopy offers high molecular specificity, it lacks the sensitivity for single-molecule detection. In contrast, WF fluorescence microscopy provides live-cell dynamic mapping but fails to leverage the rich chemical information necessary for functional interpretations. To address these limitations, we introduce wide-field bond-selective fluorescence-detected infrared-excited (WF-BonFIRE) spectro-microscopy. This technique combines rationally optimized imaging speed and field of view (FOV) to achieve single-molecule sensitivity with bond-selective contrast. We demonstrate WF-BonFIRE’s capabilities in imaging single molecules, cells, astrocytes, and live neurons, capturing single FOVs up to 50µm×50µm, with further expansion via multi-FOV mosaicking. Additionally, we have implemented a temporal-delay modulation scheme that allows real-time kilohertz WF-BonFIRE imaging with speeds up to 1500 Hz. We showcase the millisecond temporal resolution through monitoring the random motion of live Escherichia coli. Leveraging its ability to distinguish molecules through distinct narrow-band BonFIRE signals, we further demonstrate multicolor real-time E. coli tracking. WF-BonFIRE should significantly broaden the boundary for chemical imaging, enabling high-speed observations at unparalleled sensitivity levels.
Quo Vadis Human Resource Information Systems: von einem administrativen Prozess- hin zu einem strategischen Kompetenzverständnis
Authors: Harr Michael Dominic , Obertreis Hendrik , Schütte Reinhard
Published: January 2025

Enterprise Systems haben sich von Material Requirements Planning Systemen über umfassende Enterprise Resource Planning und weiter zu über die Unternehmensgrenzen hinausgehenden Systemen entwickelt. In einer zunehmend von der Digitalisierung geprägten Ära technologie-induzierter Potenziale und vor dem Hintergrund globaler Herausforderungen, wie dem demografischen Wandel und Fachkräftemangel, haben sich Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) als wichtige Komponenten intelligenter Enterprise Systems herauskristallisiert. Diese „intelligenten“ HRIS zeichnen sich durch die Nutzung fortschrittlicher Technologien, wie künstlicher Intelligenz und Cloud-basierter Infrastrukturen aus, welche die Handhabung zunehmend intangibler Ressourcen wie individueller Kompetenzen ermöglichen. Dennoch zeigen aktuelle Studien eine begrenzte Adoption kompetenzfördernder HRIS-Funktionen und eine überwiegend administrative Nutzung intelligenter HRIS. Der Beitrag adressiert dieses Defizit und zeigt auf, dass die Potenziale intelligenter HRIS und die Mehrwerte einer umfänglichen Integration in das strategische Unternehmensfundament auf Anwenderseite bis dato nicht ausgeschöpft sind. Basierend auf einer Bottom-Up Analyse untersucht der Beitrag, welche Veränderungen bei einzelnen Prozessen erkennbar sind im Hinblick auf ein sich änderndes Verständnis von Ressourcen als Kompetenzen. Für HRIS-Anwenderunternehmen werden vier zentrale Unterstützungsstrategien und für HRIS-Provider perspektivische Entwicklungsrichtungen aufgezeigt, welche die Transition vom administrativen Prozess- zum strategischen Kompetenzverständnis unterstützen. Damit ebnet der Beitrag den Weg für eine zukunftsorientierte Forschung und Weiterentwicklung von HRIS als wichtige Komponente intelligenter Enterprise Systems.
Prioritization of causal genes from genome-wide association studies by Bayesian data integration across loci
Authors: Mousavi Zeinab , Arvanitis Marios , Duong ThuyVy , Brody Jennifer A. , Battle Alexis , Sotoodehnia Nona , Shojaie Ali , Arking Dan E. , Bader Joel S.
Published: January 2025

Motivation: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants, usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with human traits, including disease and disease risk. These variants (or causal variants in linkage disequilibrium with them) usually affect the regulation or function of a nearby gene. A GWAS locus can span many genes, however, and prioritizing which gene or genes in a locus are most likely to be causal remains a challenge. Better prioritization and prediction of causal genes could reveal disease mechanisms and suggest interventions.

Results: We describe a new Bayesian method, termed SigNet for significance networks, that combines information both within and across loci to identify the most likely causal gene at each locus. The SigNet method builds on existing methods that focus on individual loci with evidence from gene distance and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) by sharing information across loci using protein-protein and gene regulatory interaction network data. In an application to cardiac electrophysiology with 226 GWAS loci, only 46 (20%) have within-locus evidence from Mendelian genes, protein-coding changes, or colocalization with eQTL signals. At the remaining 180 loci lacking functional information, SigNet selects 56 genes other than the minimum distance gene, equal to 31% of the information-poor loci and 25% of the GWAS loci overall. Assessment by pathway enrichment demonstrates improved performance by SigNet. Review of individual loci shows literature evidence for genes selected by SigNet, including PMP22 as a novel causal gene candidate.
Aggregating multiple test results to improve medical decision-making
Authors: Böttcher Lucas , D’Orsogna Maria R. , Chou Tom
Published: January 2025

Gathering observational data for medical decision-making often involves uncertainties arising from both type I (false positive) and type II (false negative) errors. In this work, we develop a statistical model to study how medical decision-making can be improved by aggregating results from repeated diagnostic and screening tests. Our approach is relevant to not only clinical settings such as medical imaging, but also to public health, as highlighted by the need for rapid, cost-effective testing methods during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our model enables the development of testing protocols with an arbitrary number of tests, which can be customized to meet requirements for type I and type II errors. This allows us to adjust sensitivity and specificity according to application-specific needs. Additionally, we derive generalized Rogan–Gladen estimates of disease prevalence that account for an arbitrary number of tests with potentially different type I and type II errors. We also provide the corresponding uncertainty quantification.
APOE4 and infectious diseases jointly contribute to brain glucose hypometabolism, a biomarker of Alzheimer’s pathology: New findings from the ADNI
Authors: Lathika Rajendrakumar Aravind , Arbeev Konstantin G. , Bagley Olivia , Duan Matt , Yashin Anatoliy I. , Ukraintseva Svetlana ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

Background

Impaired brain glucose metabolism is a preclinical feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Infections may promote AD-related pathology. Therefore, we investigated the interplay between infections and APOE4, a strong genetic risk factor for AD.

Methods

We analyzed data on 1,509 participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database using multivariate linear regression models. The outcomes were rank-normalized hypometabolic convergence index (HCI), statistical regions of interest (SROI) for AD, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Marginal mean estimates for infections, stratified by APOE4 carrier status, were then computed.

Results

Prior infections were associated with greater HCI [β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.27, p = 0.01]. The combined effects of infections and APOE4 carriers on HCI levels were significantly greater than either variable alone. Among APOE4 carriers, the estimated marginal mean was 0.62, rising to 0.77, with infections (p<0.001), indicating an interaction effect. Carriers with multiple infections showed greater hypometabolism (higher HCI), with an estimate of 0.44 (p = 0.01) compared to 0.11 (p = 0.08) for those with a single infection, revealing a dose-response relationship. The estimates for the association of infections with SROI AD and SROI MCI were β = -0.01 (p = 0.02) and β = -0.01 (p = 0.04), respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that infections and APOE4 jointly contribute to brain glucose hypometabolism and AD pathology, supporting a “multi-hit” mechanism in AD development.
Health status correlates of malnutrition diagnosed based on the GLIM criteria in older Polish adults—Results of the PolSenior 2 study
Authors: Kaluźniak-Szymanowska Aleksandra , Deskur-Śmielecka Ewa , Krzymińska-Siemaszko Roma , Styszyński Arkadiusz , Tobis Sławomir , Lewandowicz Marta , Chudek Jerzy , Kostka Tomasz , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Piotrowicz Karolina , Kujawska-Danecka Hanna , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Older individuals are at risk of malnutrition resulting from chronic diseases-related body and muscle mass reduction. In turn, nutritional deficiencies may enhance catabolic processes, leading to accelerated aging and comorbidity, thus creating a vicious cycle. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and to determine the health correlates of malnutrition in a representative sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

We used the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in 5,614 participants of the PolSenior2 study. The PolSenior2 study was a population-based survey designed to assess the medical, psychological, social, and economic characteristics of community-dwelling older adults.

Results

Malnutrition was diagnosed in 13.4% of the participants using the GLIM criteria. Results of multiple logistic regression showed that the risk of depression [OR 4.18, p<0.001], peptic ulcer disease [OR 2.73, p<0.001], past stroke [OR 1.71, p<0.001], cognitive impairment [OR 1.34, p = 0.015], and chronic pain [OR 1.23, p = 0.046] were independent correlates of malnutrition.

Conclusion

Due to the high risk of malnutrition, special attention should be paid to individuals in late old age. Suspected malnutrition should also be considered in people at risk of depression, with peptic ulcer disease, past stroke, and cognitive impairment. Chronic pain should also prompt the diagnosis for malnutrition.
Avoiding catastrophic overfitting in fast adversarial training with adaptive similarity step size
Authors: Zhao Jie-Chao , Ding Jin , Sun Yong-Zhi , Tan Ping , Ma Ji-En , Fang You-Tong
Published: January 2025

Adversarial training has become a primary method for enhancing the robustness of deep learning models. In recent years, fast adversarial training methods have gained widespread attention due to their lower computational cost. However, since fast adversarial training uses single-step adversarial attacks instead of multi-step attacks, the generated adversarial examples lack diversity, making models prone to catastrophic overfitting and loss of robustness. Existing methods to prevent catastrophic overfitting have certain shortcomings, such as poor robustness due to insufficient strength of generated adversarial examples, and low accuracy caused by excessive total perturbation. To address these issues, this paper proposes a fast adversarial training method—fast adversarial training with adaptive similarity step size (ATSS). In this method, random noise is first added to the input clean samples, and the model then calculates the gradient for each input sample. The perturbation step size for each sample is determined based on the similarity between the input noise and the gradient direction. Finally, adversarial examples are generated based on the step size and gradient for adversarial training. We conduct various adversarial attack tests on ResNet18 and VGG19 models using the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and Tiny ImageNet datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively avoids catastrophic overfitting. And compared to other fast adversarial training methods, ATSS achieves higher robustness accuracy and clean accuracy, with almost no additional training cost.
Cross-species recognition of two porcine coronaviruses to their cellular receptor aminopeptidase N of dogs and seven other species
Authors: Tian Yuyang , Sun Junqing , Hou Xiaohan , Liu Zhimin , Chen Zeao , Pan Xiaoqian , Wang Ying , Ren Jianle , Zhang Ding , Yang Bo , Si Longlong , Bi Yuhai , Liu Kefang , Shang Guijun , Tian Wen-xia , Wang Qihui , Gao George Fu , Niu Sheng
Published: January 2025

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV), the two causative agents of porcine diarrhea, have been reported to be at risk of cross-species transmission, including to humans. However, the potential host range in which these two CoVs interact remains unclear. We screened 16 animal counterparts for porcine aminopeptidase N (APN), the receptor of PDCoV and TGEV, and found that APNs from eight of 17 animals could bind to the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of PDCoV and TGEV. Furthermore, the animal APNs that could bind to the RBDs could mediate cellular infection by both viruses. Dog APN (dAPN) has been identified as the animal receptor with the highest capability to mediate the virus infection. We further resolved the complex structures of dAPN bound to the PDCoV RBD/TGEV RBD, respectively, establishing its divergent receptor-binding modes. We identified R325 of dAPN as an important residue in the PDCoV RBD-dAPN interaction, and found the central role of Q746 and T749 in dAPN in the interaction with the TGEV RBD. These findings provide the molecular basis of the potential cross-species transmission of these two porcine CoVs and shed light on future surveillance of these CoVs.
Lusitanie 1984
Authors: Le Roux Patrick
Published: January 2025

L’histoire de la Lusitanie romaine n’a cessé de gagner en visibilité depuis un demi-siècle. Les recherches portugaises ont accompagné les changements historiographiques qui se produisaient en Europe au bénéfice d’une meilleure connaissance des territoires antiques et de leur documentation, en particulier de l’épigraphie locale riche de promesses. La somme de J. d’Encarnação en 1984, les IRCP, a joué un rôle de catalyseur et de modèle : la méthode, rigoureuse, illustrait la fécondité d’une histoire provinciale fondée sur les inscriptions à découvrir et à relire. Quatre décennies plus tard, les progrès induits permettent de mieux circonscrire les questions en suspens, de diversifier les enquêtes, d’interroger différemment les monuments épigraphiques, d’ouvrir des voies inexplorées pour mieux faire vivre les récits multiples portés par une Lusitanie désormais mieux identifiée et province créée par le pouvoir romain.
Bracari na Lusitânia: notas soltas
Authors: Redentor Armando
Published: January 2025

O subtítulo deste artigo aponta que trataremos de três casos isolados, epigraficamente documentados, de deslocações de Brácaros na província da Lusitânia. Para cada um dos casos faz-se uma reanálise crítica da informação textual, sendo esta particularmente relevante em duas das inscrições. Em de Santa Maria da Feira, no território dos Turduli Veteres, o estudo revisório acarreta novidades no respeitante à epiclese de uma inscrição votiva que se associa à deidade Bandue/Bandi. Na conhecida inscrição de Pax Iulia (Beja) com referência a um sodalicium Bracarorum, avançam-se propostas para os aspetos menos consensuais do texto, trazendo nova luz interpretativa ao mesmo, associável ao culto de Mitra. A reflexão sobre a terceira inscrição, procedente do território dos Aranditani e a única de caráter funerário, faz-se apenas quanto ao seu enquadramento.
Papiriae emeritensi: la indicación del origen cívico de Aquilia Severa, ciudadana romana en Augusta Emerita
Authors: González Herrero Marta
Published: January 2025

A partir del siglo II, la fórmula Papiria emeritensis se usó para indicar el origen cívico de los ciudadanos romanos en Augusta Emerita. Sorprendentemente figura en el epitafio de una mujer llamada Aquilia Severa, un uso inapropiado de la tribu no exento de intencionalidad.
Reseña del libro: Dolores Thion, Rafael Esquinas, Juliette Richaud (eds.): Crisoles de realidad: poder, identidad y memoria en los medios de comunicación
Authors: López Verdú Alejandro José
Published: January 2025

Dolores Thion, Rafael Esquinas, Juliette Richaud (eds.): Crisoles de realidad: poder, identidad y memoria en los medios de comunicación, Palermo, Palermo University Press, 2024, 260 p., ISBN (impreso) 978-88-5509-680-5 e ISBN (digital) 978-88-5509-677-5.
Comunicación institucional en Twitter. Uso de la plataforma durante las elecciones municipales de 2023
Authors: Masegosa-Sánchez Rosa , Quevedo-Redondo Raquel , Berrocal-Gonzalo Salomé
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo analiza el uso que los ayuntamientos de Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Sevilla y Zaragoza hicieron de Twitter durante el periodo previo a las elecciones autonómicas y municipales de mayo de 2023. La investigación examina 1.378 tuits publicados por los perfiles institucionales de los cinco consistorios (@MADRID, @bcn_ajuntament, @AjuntamentVLC, @Ayto_Sevilla y @zaragoza_es) en la semana anterior a la campaña electoral, durante la propia campaña y los días de reflexión y votación. La metodología elegida es el análisis de contenido, que revela una exigua interacción de los ciudadanos con estas cuentas oficiales y un amplio predominio de los mensajes sobre gestión de las competencias propias de cada ayuntamiento, sin que se detecte intencionalidad propagandística en el uso de imágenes, hashtag ni en el propio contenido de dichos mensajes. A pesar de esto, esta investigación destaca la urgencia de actualizar la normativa electoral para abordar las nuevas dinámicas de la comunicación digital, dada la ausencia de un marco regulador específico para la comunicación electoral en redes sociales por parte de entidades gubernamentales.
Menores peruanos y su exposición al contenido de belleza y maquillaje en redes sociales: análisis del contenido en YouTube, Instagram y TikTok
Authors: Londono-Moreno Mateo , Atarama-Rojas Tomás , Anastacio-Coello Lucía
Published: January 2025

La actividad de los menores de edad en redes sociales es una realidad que genera especial preocupación por tratarse de un público vulnerable, que está aún en un proceso de formación de su personalidad. En este contexto, resulta relevante estudiar los contenidos a los que se exponen los menores de edad en las redes sociales que son las más consumidas por su perfil: YouTube, Instagram y TikTok. Esto con la finalidad de detectar potenciales contenidos peligrosos para los menores. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se ha diseñado una investigación cuantitativa que utiliza la herramienta del análisis de contenido y que permite la observación directa y el estudio de los contenidos seleccionados. Los resultados permiten reconocer un conjunto de contenidos que pueden ser considerados como no recomendados para los menores, pero que son consumidos por este perfil de usuario, muchas veces sin un acompañamiento adecuado de un adulto. Los resultados también revelan que los menores están expuestos a dinámicas de consumo que exigen el desarrollo de una competencia ética y crítica para enfrentarse a estos contenidos. Esta situación los coloca en una posición de riesgo y plantea al sector de los profesionales de la Comunicación, la Educación y la Salud la tarea de trabajar de manera integrada para diseñar una estrategia de alfabetización mediática para estos públicos.
Az inferencialitás kategóriájának leírási problémái az uráli
nyelvekben
Authors: Kubitsch Rebeka
Published: January 2025

Tanulmányunk olyan, az inferencialitás kategóriájával
összefüggő definíciós és leíró jellegű problémákat tárgyal, melyek
nem csupán az uráli nyelvek kapcsán, hanem tipológiai munkákban is
felmerülnek. Három uráli nyelv példáján keresztül mutatjuk be,
hogy ezek a problémák miként manifesztálódhatnak, ha az egyes
nyelvek inferencialitásáról számot kívánunk adni. A nganaszan és
az udmurt nyelv azt szemlélteti, hogy a morfológiai
evidencialitással bíró nyelvek esetén a szakirodalom, valamint a
nyelvtanírói hagyomány hajlamos az inferencialitást pusztán a
morfológiai evidencialitáson belül kezelni, ám ez az inferencia
egyes típusainak, és az ezek kifejezésében szerepet játszó nyelvi
elemek szempontjából is kizáró. A nganaszan emellett jól mutatja,
hogy amennyiben egyéb nyelvi elemeket, jelen esetben lexémákat is
figyelembe veszünk az inferencialitás kifejezése kapcsán, úgy a
grammatikai részrendszerek (pl. igeidő, igemód) leírása is erősen
módosul. A tundrai nyenyec példáján azt mutatjuk be, hogy egyazon
nyelv eltérő prekoncepcióval történő elemzése (ti. ebben az
esetben az egyes szuffixumok grammatikalizáltsági fokának
megítélése) egymástól eltérő rendszerezést és funkcionális leírást
eredményez, ami így az inferenciális jelentést kifejező kötött
morfémák eltérő megítélésében jelentkezik. A megfigyelt
kategorizációs problémák kiküszöbölésére egy olyan kategorizációs
szempontot vetünk fel, amiben a morfológiai és lexikális elemek
funkcionális szempontból egységesen kezelhetők. Ezt a javaslatot a
bővebb adatoltság és elérhető anyanyelvi beszélők miatt az udmurt
nyelv inferencialitásának példáján mutatjuk be.
RSODNet: Lightweight Remote Sensing Image Object Detection Combined with BCDNS Compression Algorithm
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Wei , Hou Yuhao , Yang Shuwen
Published: January 2025

In recent years, with the gradual increase of neural network Params (the aggregate of trainable elements in a model, including weights, biases, and other adjustable elements)
and calculation volume, model compression within an acceptable range of network accuracy variations has emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of deep learning. Model
pruning and knowledge distillation have been widely used for reducing the complexity and storage cost of neural networks. This study designs the Remote Sensing Object Detection Network
(RSODNet), a lightweight model for remote sensing image object detection, and proposes bridging cross-task distillation network slimming (BCDNS) as a method that integrates model pruning and
knowledge distillation. The experiment results indicate that RSODNet outperforms the YOLOv8 model in various metrics while maintaining almost unchanged Params and calculation volume. The
BCDNS method eliminates redundant channels while preserving a priori knowledge of the initial model intact. This study offers technical support for compressed models used in object detection
from remote sensing images
Internacionalização da Educação Básica
Authors: Passoni Taisa Pinetti , El Kadri Michele Salles , De Oliveira Luciana C.
Published: January 2025

Tendo como marco a publicação dos Parâmetros Nacionais para a Internacionalização na Educação Básica no Brasil, o presente artigo visa analisar as dinâmicas engendradas com vistas ao desenvolvimento deste processo no sistema educacional brasileiro, com especial atenção ao ensino de línguas e à educação bi/multilíngue. Sistematizamos a análise a partir do referencial da Abordagem do Ciclo de Políticas (ACP), conforme proposto por Bowe, Ball e Gold (1992) e Ball (1994), por meio da investigação de três contextos complementares. No contexto de influência, identificamos aspectos da dinâmica sócio-histórica que permeiam a publicação dos Parâmetros; no contexto de produção de textos, exploramos discursos relacionados à educação bilíngue presentes no documento; no contexto de prática, discorremos sobre algumas das iniciativas de internacionalização apresentadas pelo aplicativo “Escolas pelo Mundo”, produto lançado conjuntamente aos Parâmetros. Pautadas em uma perspectiva crítica de internacionalização, a qual se sustenta no princípio da cooperação na busca de ações locais e globais mais responsáveis e socialmente sustentáveis, discutimos avanços e contradições que permeiam o processo em foco. Pautadas em uma perspectiva crítica de internacionalização, a qual se sustenta no princípio da cooperação na busca de ações locais e globais mais responsáveis e socialmente sustentáveis, discutimos avanços e contradições que permeiam o processo em foco.
An internationalization framework for Brazilian higher education and the role played by languages
Authors: Sade Liliane Assis
Published: January 2025

Globalization, technological advances, and new geopolitical organizations have impacted the political, economic, and social world systems, generating new ways of engaging with and “being” in the world. Higher education has responded to those changes by devoting efforts to internationalization, acknowledging its contribution to the quality of education and research. In this direction, this paper aims to provide a brief history of the internationalization of Brazilian Higher education, highlighting the language ideologies and policies that underlie the different historic moments, in order to establish the groundwork to propose a successful internationalization plan which is able to answer the demands of the present challenges faced by the Brazilian higher education institutions. Borrowing De Wit et al.’s (2015) conceptualization of internationalization, this paper reflects on some core elements that relate to who should be involved in the process, why and how it should be conducted and to whom it is aimed. Anchored in data provided by the methodological approach of a SWOT analysis, a five-dimension framework is proposed for the development of an institutional internationalization plan that can incorporate the complex variables that involve the process. The analysis developed demonstrates how language and internationalization are interconnected and how different perspectives of internationalization are associated with specific strategic languages. Furthermore, language is seen as a tool to promote internationalization at home, contributing to the internationalization of the curriculum for all, including students unable to go abroad. In this perspective, internationalization at home is viewed as an inclusive and equitable process. Language is also seen as a two-way channel: it values Brazilian identities and cultures while serving to participate in a globalized world. Finally, it acknowledges the fundamental role of language as a tool to welcome and value different cultures. In doing so, it helps individuals reconstruct their identities in new contexts and build a sense of belonging. This, in turn, enables the promotion of multiculturalism, fosters mutual respect, and facilitates cultural integration rather than cultural assimilation.