bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Stability of tris pH buffer in artificial seawater
stored in bags
Authors: Wolfe Wiley H. , Shipley Kenisha M. , Bresnahan Philip J. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Wirth Taylor , Martz Todd R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Equimolar tris (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol) buffer in artificial seawater is a well characterized and commonly used standard for oceanographic pH measurements. We evaluated the stability of tris pH when stored in flexible, gas impermeable bags across a variety of experimental conditions, including bag type, tris batch, and storage in air vs. seawater over 300 days. Bench-top spectrophotometric pH analysis revealed that the pH of tris stored in bags drifted at a rate of −0.0058 ± 0.0008 yr−1 (mean slope ± 95 % confidence interval of slope). Analyses of total dissolved inorganic carbon confirmed that a combination of CO2 infiltration and/or microbial respiration led to the observed decrease in pH. Eliminating bagged tris pH drift remains a goal, yet the pH drift rate of 0.006 yr−1 is lower than many processes of interest and demonstrates the value of bagged tris to sensor calibration and validation of autonomous in situ pH measurements.
Kişilik Özelliklerinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Özel Bir Eğitim Kurumunda Bir Araştırma
Authors: ÇER Kübra Seynem , EYEL Cafer Şafak
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada, özel bir eğitim kurumunda çalışmakta olan öğretmenler özelinde beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ardından araştırma kapsamında oluşturulan anket formu 338 öğretmen üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek üzere John, Donahue ve Kentle (1991) tarafınca geliştirilen, Alkan (2007) tarafınca Türkçe diline uyarlanan 44 maddelik ve beş boyuttan oluşan Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarını ölçmek üzere Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Moorman ve Fetter (1990) tarafınca geliştirilen 24 maddelik ve beş boyuttan meydana gelen Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını etkilediği, özellikle sorumluluk kişilik özelliğinin tüm örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı faktörleri üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
ERIC SHAW’UN PAZARLAMA TARİHİ VE DÜŞÜNCESİ ÜZERİNE YAPTIĞI ARAŞTIRMALARA İLİŞKİN BİR DERLEME
Authors: SOYALTIN Tuğçe Ezgi
Published: February 2021

Amaç – Bu çalışmanın amacı, Er6c Shaw’un pazarlama tar6h6 ve düşünces6 üzer6ne yaptığı
araştırmalar doğrultusunda pazarlamanın b6r b6l6m olarak n6telend6r6l6p
n6telend6r6lemeyeceğ6n6n ve b6r teor6s6n6n olup olamayacağının araştırılmasıdır. Yapılan
araştırma, l6teratürde hâlâ devam etmekte olan b6l6m-sanat tartışmalarına yol göstermes6
açısından öneml6d6r.
Tasarım/metodoloji/yaklaşım – Yapılan araştırmada veriler, ikincil kaynaklardan elde
edilmiştir. Eric Shaw’un 1976’dan günümüze kadar yazdığı bütün makale, kitap, kitap bölümü
ve kongre bildirilerinin incelenmesi yoluyla çalışma oluşturulmuştur.
Bulgular – Pazarlamanın bir düşüncesi ve tarihi olduğu, bu tarihin oluşmasında düşünce
okullarının önemli bir paya sahip olduğu, insanoğlunun varlığından bu yana farklı boyutlarda
pazarlamanın varlığının süregeldiği ve zamanla değişime uğradığı, 4p’nin pazarlamanın
geçmişinden bugüne dek gelişerek birikimli bir şekilde oluştuğu, teorisinin olabileceği,
günümüzde bilim mi, sanat mı sorularından çok neleri kapsadığının daha önemli hale geldiği;
çünkü bilim ve sanat kavramlarının bile tartışmaya açık kavramlar olduğu, ürün yaşamının
gelişimi ve dönüşümünün geçmişe oranla hızlandığı, tüketicilerin değer, nostalji vb.
kavramlardan etkilenerek satın alma kararları verdikleri ve pazarlamanın yönetimsel boyutunun
da gelişmesinde önemli bir faktör olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Orijinallik/değer – Literatürde yoğun bir şekilde pazarlamanın tarihi, teorileri, oturtulduğu
düşünce yapısı ve günümüze olan gelişimi hakkında farklı yazarlar tarafından yapılan
araştırmaların olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu yazarların en önemlilerinden birisi de Eric
Shaw’dur. Shaw geçmişten günümüze konuyla spesifik olarak ilgilenmiş yazarlarla ilgili olarak
çalışmalar yapmış, makaleler yazmıştır. Bu araştırma, Eric Shaw üzerine yapılmış olup yazarın
bugüne kadar literatürde bulduğu ve literatüre kattığı önemli kavramların ortaya koyulduğu bir
çalışmadır. Çalışma, literatürde Eric Shaw üzerine yapılmış ilk araştırma olması bakımından
önemlidir.
Los procedimientos de adiectio, detractio, inmutatio y transmutatio como fuente de vitia virtutesque en la gramática latina de la Antigüedad
Authors: Harto Trujillo Mª Luisa
Published: February 2021

En 1524, en su De Emendata Structura Latini Sermonis, T. Linacro afirma que, entre la structura iusta y la figurata (antecedentes de la estructura profunda y superficial), se producen cambios debido al añadido, la supresión, el cambio de orden o la sustitución de algún elemento. En el artículo analizamos cómo estos procedimientos aparecen ya citados por los gramáticos latinos de la antigüedad como fuente de alteraciones en palabras y oraciones, alteraciones que, en unos casos, son consideradas como uitia (barbarismos o solecismos) y, en otros, como figuras estilísticas (uirtutes, tropos…).
Textos hispánicos neolatinos conocidos en la cultura impresa cracoviana del siglo XVII (a partir del ejemplo de la imprenta Schedels)
Authors: Czerenkiewicz Michał
Published: February 2021

This paper examines Spanish-Polish literary connections in 17th and in the beginning of 18th century by the example of the reception of some Neo-Latin works addressing Spanish issues which were acquired in the editorial production of the Schedels printing shop. The officina Schedeliana operated in early modern Cracow (1639-1708) and was one of the most significant printing offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in those times. The paper points to the books which reflect cross-cultural impact of both the Latin language and Spanish themes and were published by the specific printing house. Some of the branches of works printed by the Schedels were translations and editions of Neo-Latin texts which concerned  Spanish leading figures of the Post-Tridentin period. The reception of key ideas and values present in the 17th century selected Neo-Latin literary output addressing Spanish issues is investigated, as well as the traces of awareness of the famous Spaniards in the books released in Cracow.

En este artículo se examinan las conexiones literarias hispano-polacas del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII a partir del ejemplo de la recepción de algunas obras neolatinas sobre temas españoles adquiridas en la producción editorial de la imprenta Schedels. La officina Schedeliana operó en la Cracovia moderna temprana (1639-1708) y fue una de las oficinas de impresión más importantes de la Commonwealth polaco-lituana en aquellos tiempos. El artículo llama la atención sobre los libros que reflejan el impacto transcultural de los temas tanto en lengua latina como española y que fueron publicados por esta imprenta en particular. Algunos de los ámbitos de las obras impresas por los Schedels fueron traducciones y ediciones de textos neolatinos que se referían a las principales figuras españolas del período postridentino. Se investiga la recepción de ideas y valores clave presentes en la producción literaria neolatina seleccionada del siglo XVII que aborda la problemática española, así
«A dream within a dream »: liminalidad y creación poética en Lavinia de Ursula Le Guin y El silbido del arquero de Irene Vallejo
Authors: Nisa Cáceres Daniel , Moreno Soldevila Rosario
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se estudian de manera comparada dos novelas contemporáneas que recrean la Eneida de Virgilio: Lavinia, de Ursula K. Le Guin, y El silbido del arquero, de Irene Vallejo. En ellas Lavinia y Ana, personajes femeninos secundarios en el poema épico, se hallan interconectadas con el personaje de Virgilio, la primera mediante el diálogo directo y la conciencia de su propia naturaleza fictiva, y a través de la caracterización y la intratextualidad la segunda. Ambas protagonistas comparten su carácter liminal: viven a caballo entre distintos mundos, la infancia y la edad adulta, los poderosos y los humildes, el palacio y la naturaleza, lo divino y lo humano, la vida y la muerte. Su historia es y no es la que cuenta la Eneida. Su identidad metafictiva y liminal las convierte en vehículos para la reflexión sobre la creación poética virgiliana, tema central de estas novelas.
Emprendimiento social en la formación profesional: el caso del País Vasco
Authors: Torres Ortega Jorge Antonio , Torres-Ortega Jorge Antonio
Published: February 2021

Las empresas con fines sociales o empresas de la Economía Social han sido visualizadas como una respuesta innovadora, dinámica, inclusiva y autosostenible a los principales desafíos sociales, económicos y medioambientales que enfrentan nuestras sociedades en la actualidad. Es precisamente en virtud del relevante impacto social y económico que generan las iniciativas empresariales en el ámbito del emprendimiento social que apoyar el surgimiento de emprendedores sociales se ha convertido en una necesidad, especialmente desde edades tempranas. De aquí la importancia de generar datos que permitan ya sea crear o mejorar programas ya existentes de formación de emprendedores, que contemplen entre sus objetivos la formación específica en emprendimiento social. En esta línea, la presente investigación se plantea como objetivo principal caracterizar y comparar a los estudiantes que participan de un proceso formativo en emprendimiento dirigido a jóvenes entre los 16 y 24 años impartido en los Centros de Formación Profesional de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco, España. Concretamente, se busca identificar los principales atributos personales relacionados con la configuración de intenciones de emprender en estos jóvenes, así como cuáles de estos rasgos se relacionan en mayor medida con intenciones de emprender socialmente, vale decir, con la creación de empresas de la Economía Social. La información de este estudio fue obtenida mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra de 5.767 estudiantes pertenecientes a distintos centros educativos de Euskadi. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que emprendedores potenciales y no emprendedores, así como también emprendedores potenciales sociales y emprendedores potenciales comerciales, constituyen grupos bastante homogéneos. Ahora bien, el análisis de regresión reveló que existe una variable que aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de emprender socialmente, que es justamente uno de los factores que en mayor medida ha sido relevado como propio del emprendimiento social y la Economía Social: la solidaridad.
LA FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA INFORMACIÓN: AVANCES Y TEMAS PENDIENTES
Authors: García Carlos Marcelo
Published: February 2021

Nuestras sociedades están envueltas en un complicado proceso de transformación. Uma transformación no planificada que está afectando a la forma como nos organizamos, como trabajamos, cómo nos relacionamos, y cómo aprendemos. Estos cambios tienen un reflejo visible en la escuela como institución encargada de formar a los nuevos ciudadanos. ¿Em qué afectan estos cambios a los profesores? ¿Cómo debemos repensar el trabajo del profesor en estas nuevas circunstancias? ¿Cómo deberían formarse los nuevos profesores? ¿Cómo adecuamos los conocimientos y las actitudes del profesorado para dar respuesta y aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades que la sociedad de la información nos ofrece? En este artículo revisamos algunos avances y temas pendientes que la formación tiene para enfrentarse con eficiencia a las necesidades de la sociedad del conocimiento: universidad y escuela: la laguna de los dos mundos; formadores de profesores universitarios y profesores supervisores de aula; conocimiento disciplinar y conocimiento pedagógico; teoria y práctica: desvalorización de la teoría y adoración de la práctica; tradición e innovación; homogeneidad y diversidad: profesores homogéneos para un alumnado diverso; enseñanza y aprendizaje; formación inicial y formación continua; aprendizaje formal y informal; aislamiento en el aula y la sociedad en red.
PROFESSORES INICIANTES DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CONFLITOS E RE/ESTRUTURAÇÕES NO PROCESSO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Da Silva Ademar , Margonari Denise M.
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa na área de formação de professores de Língua Inglesa que visa a acompanhar a trajetória profissional dos professores em início de carreira, egressos, no ano de 2002, de um curso de Licenciatura em Letras de uma instituição pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Tendo em vista que muitos aspectos do processo de construção e organização da experiência humana se refletem na linguagem, na investigação desenvolvida, cruzamos a análise de trechos de relatórios e questionários de alunos egressos da disciplina Prática de Ensino e Estágio Supervisionado em Língua Inglesa I e II com dados desses alunos já em serviço. O objetivo é demonstrar que a sensação de insegurança e ansiedade quanto à futura atuação profissional, vivenciada durante o curso, ainda se manifesta no início da carreira docente e que, além de ser, muitas vezes, superada, ela varia de acordo com o perfil do aluno-professor, que, numa fase de exploração de possibilidades profissionais, estrutura e reestrutura as diversas opções que a vida lhe oferece. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Língua Inglesa Re/estruturações.
A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E O ESPORTE EM ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL (TERCEIRO E QUARTO CICLOS): ANÁLISE DO COTIDIANO DO PROFESSOR E PERSPECTIVAS DE MUDANÇAS NO ENSINO
Authors: Finck Silvia Christina Madrid
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo refere-se à síntese da Tese de Doutorado elaborada e defendida pela autora na Universidade de Leon, Espanha, no Programa de Ciência da Atividade Física e do Esporte, em março de 2006. O objeto da pesquisa é a análise do cotidiano pedagógico do professor de Educação Física, no Ensino Fundamental, terceiro e quarto ciclos, em algumas escolas públicas estaduais da cidade de Ponta Grossa, no Estado do Paraná-Brasil. O objetivo geral da investigação é analisar e discutir algumas das interfaces do cotidiano escolar, com relação ao contexto que envolve o professor de Educação Física e seus alunos no espaço da Escola Pública. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa de campo, a abordagem do estudo é qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, descritiva, confrontada com a experiência vivida da pesquisadora. Através dos estudos empreendidos, pretende-se apontar questões relevantes, objetivando perspectivas de mudanças pedagógicas necessárias na busca de caminhos mais significativos e contribuições mais consistentes. A discussão e as conclusões do estudo apontam para a necessidade de reflexão, análise e transformação da prática pedagógica da Educação Física e do Esporte hoje realizada, para o que são apontadas possibilidades teórico-metodológicas no âmbito desse trabalho na escola e do processo de formação inicial e continuada de professores.
A AUTO-AVALIAÇÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO DE ALUNOS DE UM CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO LATO SENSU
Authors: Da Silva Robson Carlos
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo foi elaborado com base em estudo desenvolvido a partir de uma experiência efetivada por meio de uma prática de auto-avaliação realizada com alunos da disciplina Fundamentos da Educação, no Curso de Especialização em Docência Superior, da FAESPI (Faculdade de Ensino Superior do Piauí), instituição localizada em Teresina - PI. O estudo constou da análise do discurso de uma amostra de textos auto- avaliados produzidos por alunos do curso, selecionados e organizados em três blocos, de acordo com a participação dos alunos nas aulas e nas discussões, em um processo que teve início no primeiro dia aula, preparando-se os alunos e expondo de forma clara o objetivo que se pretendia alcançar. Fundamentado teoricamente por autores que têm uma vasta produção no campo da avaliação educacional (BLOOM, 1983; HOFFMANN, 1998; SANT’ANNA, 1995) e apresentando um sucinto passeio pela teoria da Análise do Discurso (LUKE, 2003; ORLANDI, 2005), o estudo remete ao entendimento de que uma prática de auto-avaliação, desde que orientada de forma clara em seus objetivos e finalidades, pode contribuir significativamente na aprendizagem e no crescimento pessoal dos alunos.
PROBLEMATIZANDO PRÁTICAS ESCOLARES NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: De Carvalho Rodrigo Saballa
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo aborda parte dos resultados obtidos em uma pesquisa de Mestrado que teve como propósito problematizar as práticas escolares e o disciplinamento dos corpos no contexto de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil. Tal empreendimento possibilitou a tematização das práticas escolares enquanto instâncias disciplinares, exercitando a compreensão das relações de poder, dos movimentos de resistência e da pluralidade dos sujeitos que compõem o espaço escolar. A prática escolar da seleção de alunos, composta por entrevistas e testes de desenho, é entendida como uma prática de exame cujo intuito principal é o de conhecer a criança no detalhe para, assim, melhor governá-la. As práticas escolares do cotidiano são consideradas, na pesquisa, como os momentos de alimentação, de descanso e de brincadeira “livre”. A prática escolar dos rituais comemorativos é vista como o conjunto de festas que fazem parte do calendário escolar e são realizadas na instituição. Sendo assim, ao apresentar e discutir tais práticas escolares no decorrer do artigo, não se estão apontando alternativas de mudança para as propostas que vêm sendo desenvolvidas na Escola de Educação Infantil, mas considerações que possibilitem refletir, discutir e “desestabilizar” o que tem sido considerado, muitas vezes, de forma “natural” e indelével ao âmbito institucional. Dessa forma, talvez seja possível compreender as lógicas que disciplinam e constituem professores, alunos, pais, enquanto sujeitos em redes de relações de poder.
ETNOGRAFIA NA SALA DE AULA - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.023042
Authors: Earp Maria de Lourdes Sá
Published: February 2021

O tema apresentado neste artigo faz parte de uma tese de doutorado sobre o sistema de ensino brasileiro, cujo objetivo foi estudar a repetência e construir novas explicações sobre o fracasso do ensino de matemática no Brasil. As salas de aula brasileiras podem ser descritas pela metáfora “centro e periferia”. Segundo essa estrutura, o professor não  nsina a todos os alunos. Os alunos ensinados - e que não são reprovados - são os do “centro” da sala de aula; os outros ficam na periferia do ensino. As salas de aula de matemática têm menos alunos nos centros do que as de outras disciplinas. Isso pode ser se explicado pela crença universal de que a disciplina matemática não está ao alcance de todos. A pesquisa de campo desenvolveu-se em dois anos, através de estudo de caso de duas escolas públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, uma municipal e outra estadual. Observações em salas de aula, em conselhos de classe, nos recreios, em reunião de pais, nos refeitórios foram realizadas como metodologia. Constatou-se que existem dois tipos de alunos no “centro”: os do primeiro tipo, conforme a teoria da reprodução, são alunos cujas condições extra-escolares contribuíram para seu lugar privilegiado na sala de aula; os do segundo tipo são alunos com condições sociais mais simples. De acordo com o chamado “efeito Pigmalião”, tais alunos foram escolhidos para serem ensinados pelo professor. Essa escolha é justificada pelas representações docentes, as quais são como profecia que se cumpre por si mesma: muitos alunos não aprendem matemática, porque poucos são ensinados pelos professores.
FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES, VARIAÇÃO DIALETAL E AQUISIÇÃO DA LINGUAGEM ORAL E ESCRITA EM TERRA DE MIGRANTES: UMA CONSTATAÇÃO NO PORTAL DA AMAZÔNIA - BRASIL - Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/OlharProfr.v.11i1.137152
Authors: Pessoa Maria do Socorro
Published: February 2021

O Ensino de Língua Portuguesa - LP nas séries iniciais deveria considerar as variações lingüísticas como elementos-chave para a eficácia da aprendizagem da escrita. É impensável um curso de Formação de Professores de Alfabetização ou de Ensino de Língua Portuguesa que não tenha como prioridade considerar a diversidade e heterogeneidade lingüística do país. Imaginemos tal heterogeneidade e diversidade sócio-lingüístico-cultural migrando para um mesmo local. É como se todo o país mandasse representantes linguísticos para construir uma nova sociedade, na qual se inserem as crianças da rede pública de ensino. Os Cursos de Formação de Professores não têm conseguido alcançar soluções para que os professores consigam administrar o ensino da escrita considerando a variedade dialetal da fala, socialmente conflituosa. Isso significa dizer que se termina por ministrar um ensino que considera escrita e fala como homogêneas. Na ponta desse “iceberg” encontramos um professor em conflito, insatisfeito com a queixa constante da sociedade: “as crianças e jovens não sabem ler, nem escrever”. As estatísticas mostradas pela mídia confirmam a angústia dos professores. No Estado de Rondônia, conhecido como o Portal da Amazônia, o conflito de professores e alunos estende-se à sociedade, que considera ser a Educação Básica “um ensino fraco”, estabelecendo uma relação de preconceito linguístico, máscara para o preconceito econômico-social quase inevitável entre populações migrantes e imigrantes. A aquisição da linguagem formal da escola, que passa pela aquisição da leitura e da escrita, exige que o professor saiba articular, no mínimo, três variáveis: o aluno migrante, sua variação dialetal e o ensino formal da língua.
La liberación freiriana del sujeto en la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja
Authors: Rodríguez Milagros Elena
Published: February 2021

Mathematics Education in crisis today is called and demands a liberation, since it is an oppressive practice and is still in a colonizing framework despite great advances; It is urgent to free the subject from its circumventing practice. As a complex objective, the Freirian liberation of the subject is analyzed in Transcomplex Decolonial Mathematical Education (EMDT); from transcomplex transmethodology with rhizomatic deconstruction as a transcomplex transmethod in transmodernity. It is transcended in rhizomatic, complex and transdisciplinary constructions; deepening from Paulo Freire the crisis in Mathematics Education today. In the opening conclusions, in the reconstruction under the awareness that the Freirian legacy will always be there providing good news like a jug that does not run out, with a wisdom of love for life, with deep faith in the students.
Ivorian Towns of the Inland, Put to the Test of Their Environmental Degradation: the Case of Daloa (West Center of Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Abel Bolou Gbitry , Didier-Charles Gouaméné , Xavier Bleu Dion
Published: February 2021

With its 258,509 inhabitants (INS, 2014. 27), Daloa, the third largest city in Côte d'Ivoire, has experienced an urban growth rate of 2.73% (op cites). But over the years, the locality has been confronted with an uncontrolled urban dynamic which has environmental repercussions on its landscape. Measures and actions are daily announced by the public authorities to eradicate this phenomenon, but the change is still virtual. This study aims to identify the persistence of environmental degradation in the city of Daloa. The methodology for conducting this study was based on a set of technical approaches. This is documentary research focusing mainly on scientific work and study reports addressing the issue of uncontrolled urbanization and its environmental effects. In addition to this approach, direct observation and interviews with local resource people were used. A questionnaire survey was also conducted with 373 heads of household using the probabilistic formula without replacement in 1/3 of the enumeration areas totaling 13 neighborhoods. The results show that the deterioration of the urban environment in Daloa is experienced by households in the form of pollution caused by rainwater, wastewater and sluices (47%.), Pollution due to household waste (24% ), air (15%) and noise (14%) pollution. The factors are plural and reveal that 58% of the households surveyed dispose of their used water (detergents, dishes) on the street and 48% dump household waste on the streets. The impact on the urban landscape is just as diverse and unpleasant. Rainwater on unpaved roads accelerates erosion. The flow of open sewage and piles of rubbish, undermine the aesthetics of the urban landscape of Daloa.
False resultatives: The interaction of agreement and creation in Northern Galilee Levantine Arabic
Authors: Rapoport Tova , Zarka Aya
Published: February 2021

Arabic dialects in general do not allow resultatives. We present here novel data from a dialect of Levantine Arabic, Northern Galilee Arabic, which show that Arabic does have a subtype of resultatives: false resultatives (Rapoport 1999; Mateu 2000; Zarka 2019).The false resultative predicates in this dialect of Arabic exhibit two different agreement patterns. We claim that the difference in agreement derives from the element modified, as dictated by the distinct structures projected by two different verb types that are distinguished here: explicit creation and implicit creation (Geuder 2000; Levinson 2010).The agreement patterns in Northern Galilee Arabic thus demonstrate a grammatical parallel to the conceptual distinction between two creation verb types.
Existence and Stability Results for the Solution of Neutral Fractional Integro-Differential Equation with Nonlocal Conditions
Authors: Naimi Abdellouahab , Brahim Tellab , Zennir Khaled
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness results for the solution of a Neutral fractional integro-differential problem with nonlocal conditions. Using the Nonlinear alternative for single valued maps, Krasnoselskii's and Banach fixed point theorems to proof our main results. An example is given to illustrate our main results.
Genetic diversity analysis in Chinese miniature pigs using swine leukocyte antigen complex microsatellites
Authors: Wu Jinhua , Liu Ronghui , Li Hua , Yu Hui , Yang Yalan
Published: February 2021

Objective: The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene group, which is closely linked and highly polymorphic, has important biomedical significance in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. However, genetic polymorphism analyses of SLA microsatellite markers in Chinese miniature pigs are limited.Methods: Eighteen pairs of microsatellite primers were used to amplify the SLA regions of seven miniature pig breeds and three wild boar breeds (n = 346) from different regions of China. The indexes of genetic polymorphism, including expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and haplotype, were analyzed. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and neighbor-joining methods were used for cluster analysis of the breeds.Results: In miniature pigs, the SLA I region had the highest numbers of polymorphisms, followed by the SLA II and SLA III regions; the region near the centromere had the lowest number of polymorphisms. Among the seven miniature pig breeds, Diannan small-ear pigs had the highest genetic diversity (PIC value = 0.6396), whereas the genetic diversity of the Hebao pig was the lowest (PIC value = 0.4330). The Fst values in the Mingguang small-ear, Diannan small-ear, and Yunnan wild boars were less than 0.05. According to phylogenetic cluster analysis, the South-China-type miniature pigs clustered into one group, among which Mingguang small-ear pigs clustered with Diannan small-ear pigs. Haplotype analysis revealed that the SLA I, II, and III regions could be constructed into 13, 7, and 11 common haplotypes, respectively.Conclusion: This study validates the high genetic diversity of the Chinese miniature pig. Mingguang small-ear pigs have close kinship with Diannan small-ear pigs, implying that they may have similar genetic backgrounds and originate from the same population. This study also provides a foundation for genetic breeding, genetic resource protection, and classification of Chinese miniature pigs.
Distributed Feminist Rhetorical Agency after a Rape Accusation
Authors: Hensley Owens Kim
Published: February 2021

This article examines the rhetorical effects of a rape accusation on the survivor and on the survivor’s community of social justice activists. Relying on interviews with the survivor and with the community affected by the allegation, the article analyzes responses to the allegation, articulates how those responses are informed by rape culture, and illustrates how those responses affected the survivor and her rhetorical agency. The article argues that rhetorical agency can be productively distributed across various allies to assist survivors and help restore the rhetorical agency that rape erodes. Establishing sexual assault as a public health issue, the article recommends broad education in rhetorical listening to improve how those entrusted to hear assault stories listen, respond, and, when appropriate, help survivors speak or act.
To Compare the Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Versus Labetalol in Providing Controlled Hypotension in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: J N Sujay , Kumar Shiva , Vijay Tanushree
Published: February 2021

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical intervention for sinus diseases. Bleeding is a common concern during FESS. Hemodynamic stability and quality surgical field visibility help to achieve the best outcomes. Objectives: The present study primarily intended to compare the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine versus labetalol in providing controlled hypotension during FESS and then to assess the quality of the surgical field. Methods: The current research was conducted as a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical study. Sixty patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II status undergoing FESS under general anesthesia were divided into two groups, each with 30 members. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine and labetalol were named as group D and L, respectively. The study intended to manage mean arterial pressure (MAP) between 65 - 75 mmHg. The visibility of the operative field was evaluated using Fromme and Boezaart scoring system. Total intraoperative fentanyl consumption and postoperative first analgesic request time were recorded. Results: The MAP target was achieved in both groups. Intergroup differences concerning MAP were observed in both D (75.0 ± 2.0) and L (82.4 ± 5.2) groups (P-value < 0.05). Scores for blood loss were significantly lower in the D group (1.3 ± 0.3) compared to the L group (2.1 ± 0.3) (P-value < 0.05). There was no intergroup difference concerning the mean heart rate (group D; 70.8 ± 4.2, and group L; 73.4 ± 4.4). The total dose of fentanyl consumed was found to be significantly lower in the group D (41.9 ± 5.8) compared to group L (59.9 ± 5.3) (P-value < 0.05). The first analgesic request time was significantly longer in the group D (50.2 ± 9.1) compared to group L (24.8 ± 5.1) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine provided better hemodynamic stability and operative field visibility as compared to labetalol during FESS.
Inferior Hypogastric Block for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Urits Ivan , Schwartz Ruben , Bangalore Siddaiah Harish , Kikkeri Sathyadev , Chernobylsky David , Charipova Karina , Jung Jai Won , Imani Farnad , Khorramian Mohsen , Varrassi Giustino , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan David , Viswanath Omar
Published: February 2021

Context: Pelvic pain is described as pain originating from the visceral or somatic system localizing to the pelvis, the anterior abdominal wall at the level of or below the umbilicus, lumbosacral back in either men or women. Evidence Acquisition: Narrative review. Results: Chronic pelvic pain can be a complex disorder that may involve multiple systems such as urogynecological, gastrointestinal, neuromusculoskeletal, and psychosocial systems. The etiopathogenesis for chronic pain remains unknown for many patients. For achieving optimal patient management, a multimodal and individualized assessment of each patient is the best strategy. Conclusions: There are non-pharmacologic treatments as well as pharmacologic treatments. In addition to these treatment options, inferior hypogastric plexus block is a promising treatment modality.
Analysis of Predictive Factors for Moderate-Stage COVID-19 Outcome and Maximal Extent of Lung Injury
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Fan Na , Liang Yi , Fan Wenhui
Published: February 2021

Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic continues to spread, it is important to predict the clinical classification of COVID-19 and evaluate the progression of lung injury. Objectives: To investigate the predictive factors of the outcome of moderate-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and maximal extent of lung injury. Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of 97 patients with moderate-stage COVID-19 diagnosed in our hospital. We divided the patients into two groups according to disease progression: one group for moderate stage and another for both severe stage and critically severe stage COVID-19. We then analyzed the independent factors influencing changes in the course of the disease in moderate-stage patients using binary logistic regression. Next, we assessed the computed tomography (CT) score of maximal lung injury using follow-up images of the patients. We used multiple linear regression (MLR) to analyze the independent variables, and to predict the CT score of maximal lung injury in COVID-19 patients. Results: The results were obtained using multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the independent factors affecting clinical classification were baseline CT score (P = 0.008), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.001), and diabetes (P = 0.04). MLR revealed that the factors predicting the extent of maximal lung injury in COVID-19 patients were age (P = 0.014), neutrophil percentage (P = 0.038), lymphocyte percentage (P = 0.031), hs-CRP (P = 0.010), and baseline CT score (P < 0.001). The optimal cut-off value of hs-CRP was 18.5, and the baseline CT score was 8.5. Conclusion: Age, baseline CT score, hs-CRP, neutrophil percentage, and lymphocyte percentage could predict the CT score of maximal lung injury, and hs-CRP > 18.5, baseline CT score ≥ 9, and diabetes were independent factors of severe/critically severe COVID-19.
Dopamine and Drip Lasix in Pediatrics with Oliguria: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Ghaderi Dehkordi Maryam , Yousefichaijan Parsa , Ghandi Yazdan , Dorreh Fatemeh , Alinejad Saeed , Rezagholizamenjany Masoud
Published: February 2021

Background: Urine volume less than 1 mL/kg/h is called oliguria. The treatment of these patients is very important. Objectives: This study aimed to compare efficacy of dopamine and drip Lasix in children with oliguria. Methods: This study was performed as a clinical trial in the NICU, PICU, neonatal and pediatric wards of Amirkabir hospital in Arak. Children with oliguria with less than 1 mL/kg/h during treatment were considered the study group. Sixty children who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups, including 30 children in the dopamine group and 30 children in the Lasix group. In the dopamine group, the drug was administered at a dose of 3 µg/kg/min, in the second group, drip Lasix was administered at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg/h. Results: In this evaluation, after evaluating the patients in both groups, it was observed that mean ± SD of age was 2.76 ± 1.85 years, and 51.7% of children have female gender (P = 0.438). The mean ± SD of creatinine in children after receiving dopamine and drip Lasix was 0.87 ± 0.2 mg/dl (P = 0.0001) and 0.84 ± 0.17 mg/dl (P = 0.000), respectively. Conclusions: Both drip Lasix and dopamine improved the condition of patients with oliguria. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between these two drugs, so both drugs could improve the condition of patients.
Selective exposure in action: Do visitors of product evaluation portals select reviews in a biased manner?
Authors: Winter Kevin , Zapf Birka , Hütter Mandy , Tichy Nicolas , Sassenberg Kai
Published: February 2021

Most people in industrialized countries regularly purchase products online. Consumers often rely on previous customers’ reviews to make purchasing decisions. The current research investigates whether potential online customers select these reviews in a biased way and whether typical interface properties of product evaluation portals foster biased selection. Based on selective exposure research, potential online customers should have a bias towards selecting positive reviews when they have an initial preference for a product. We tested this prediction across five studies (total N = 1376) while manipulating several typical properties of the review selection interface that should – according to earlier findings – facilitate biased selection. Across all studies, we found some evidence for a bias in favor of selecting positive reviews, but the aggregated effect was non-significant in an internal meta-analysis. Contrary to our hypothesis and not replicating previous research, none of the interface properties that were assumed to increase biased selection led to the predicted effects. Overall, the current research suggests that biased information selection, which has regularly been found in many other contexts, only plays a minor role in online review selection. Thus, there is no need to fear that product evaluation portals elicit biased impressions about products among consumers due to selective exposure.
La permanence de l’usia. Note sur Jean Scot érigène et Ratramne de Corbie
Authors: Trego Kristell ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

This article aims to consider the permanence of the Greek term ousia, sometimes transcribed as usia, during the early Middle Ages, when the translation by substantia was imposed. We consider two figures of the Carolingian period, John Scottus Eriugena and Ratramnus of Corbia. We suggest that the word ousia/usia may express aspects of being that the Latin term substantia does not support.
Porphyre et la catégorie de la relation
Authors: Bonelli Maddalena ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

Porphyry’s Expositio per interrogationem et responsionem can help us to understand some obscure passages of chapter seven of Aristotle’s Categories, focused on the relative (πρός τι). The Porphyrian analysis of πρός τι presents indeed developments which are both useful for the understanding of the Aristotelian text and very innovative too. First, we can mention the general Porphyrian thesis according to which categories are predicates. This theory fits very well with πρός τι, which are predicates corresponding to properties that subjects only possess because of an observed reciprocal relationship. This brings us to the second novelty of Porphyry’s analysis, really important for modern developments of the notion of relation, namely the difference between σχέσις and πρός τι, which depends on it. Finally, we will mention the important Porphyry’s contribution to the understanding of a particularly obscure issue concerning the relationship between the two definitions of πρός τι that Aristotle provides. Porphyry points out the Platonic origin of the first definition, without dismissing it though: instead, he will just consider it too vast and encompassing the true πρός τι, object of the second definition.
Puissance et acte chez Averroès
Authors: Cerami Cristina ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The present paper aims at presenting Averroes’ doctrine of act and potency in the framework of his general conception of metaphysics as a science. By tracing the origins of his doctrine back to Alexander of Aphrodisias, it shows that Averroes conceives act and potency as concomitant attributes of being qua being and as terms πρὸς ἕν and ἀφ’ ἑνός. According to this reading, the study of these two notions, considered as such, constitutes an essential step in Averroes’ metaphysical project, whose ultimate goal is to account for the essence of the first of all forms: God.
Οὐσία chez Numénius: une notion qui s’élabore progressivement. Analyse des difficultés relatives à l’οὐσία et à l’ἰδέα dans les fragments 22 F, 24 F et 28 F (fr. 14, 16 et 20 dP)
Authors: Jourdan Fabienne ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

Οὐσία in Numenius: a notion which is progressively elaborated: Analysis of the difficulties linked to οὐσία and ἰδέα in fragments 22 F, 24 F and 28 F (fr. 14, 16 et 20 dP). In the Περὶ τἀγαθοῦ, Numenius refines his definition of οὐσία step by step. He uses the word at first as a synonym of τὸ ὄν (15 F) and as another designation of being. Then, he associates it to the ἕξις when he refers to the specific οὐσία which possesses science (22 F): in all likelihood, this οὐσία is the intellect as the essence common to God and Man in the possession of science. Finally, Numenius gives οὐσία two aspects or sides which, in our opinion, represent two manners of conceiving the intelligible it constitutes: on the one hand, οὐσία comes from Being itself (the Good) and seems to represent the eidetic predicates or what we could name the “fundamental intelligibility”, a state in which the form is not determined yet, but which gives it the status of a real being ; on the other hand, οὐσία is the product of the second god and intellect and the determined aspect of the previous one, which makes it possible to distinguish the forms one from the other. In this last case, Numenius seems to name οὐσία more specifically ἰδέα, even if both words are elsewhere synonymous and used to refer to the two aspects previously mentioned according to the context in which they are employed. The paper presents the analysis of fragments 22 F, 24 F and 28 F from which we arrive at this interpretation. The distinction between two manners of conceiving οὐσία makes it possible then to discover two levels in the Being at the origin of each of them: Being itself (αὐτοόν which is the Good itself, αὐτοάγαθον) and the ≪second≫ or ≪just≫ Being, constituted by the good demiurge which is probably the “One who is good par excellence”. From there, two ways of conceiving ἰδέα also appear: on the one hand, ἰδέα is synonymous with οὐσία, then it refers to the second aspect of οὐσία, the determined one; on the other hand, it can also refer to the level of Being which is the Good when, in fragment 28 F, it is conceived as a form and probably as the Form par excellence identified with the intellect which this Good is itself.
Essence, individualité et personne chez Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Procopiou Eleni ,   Editua Polirom
Published: February 2021

The rediscovery of the Hellenic philosophy, but also of the Patristic thinking is a typical feature of Thomistic thought, which consists of a new synthesis of Hellenism and Christianity that raises anew the issue of the relation between Christianity and philosophy as a focal point of medieval philosophy. Acknowledgement of Hellenic Patristic thought that focuses primarily on man as an inseparable union of body and soul, joined in a whole, has been a determining factor in the Thomistic approach of being, through the distinction between a person (or hypostasis) from essence (or nature). Through this distinction and because of the Aristotle’s hylomorphism, the notion of ‘person’ is placed in the field of individuality and the unity of the human composite. The metaphysical notion of a person as individual, complemented by the notion of “relation” is directly related to the ontological unity of human nature and is founded upon the metaphysical notion of “essence” (substance).
Evaluation of Time to Resolution of Medical Necrotizing Enterocolitis Using Severity-Guided Management in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bull Katelyn E. , Gainey Andrew B. , Cox Christina L. , Burch Anna-Kathryn , Durkin Martin , Daniels Robert
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

No studies, to our knowledge, have determined the relationship between symptom resolution and timing of antimicrobial discontinuation in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Our study seeks to determine the period to NEC resolution by using severity-guided management, based on surrogate markers used in the diagnosis of NEC.

METHODS

This retrospective, observational review included patients in our NICU with NEC from June 1, 2012, to June 1, 2018. Patients were excluded for surgical NEC, a positive blood culture or transfer from an outside institution at the time of NEC, presence of a peritoneal drain, or death prior to NEC resolution. The primary outcome was time to resolution of NEC, measured by return to baseline of surrogate markers used in the diagnosis of NEC.

RESULTS

The median times to resolution in days, based on our institution's NEC severity group, were as follows: mild 3 (range, 1–4); moderate 4 (range, 1–17); severe 9 (range, 5–21). No difference in NEC recurrence was found based on antibiotic duration (OR 0.803; 95% CI, 0.142–4.225).

CONCLUSIONS

Time to resolution of NEC differs by severity group, suggesting a need for different treatment durations. Recurrence of NEC did not differ between groups, suggesting that shorter antibiotic durations do not lead to an increased incidence of NEC recurrence. Further exploration of the optimal antimicrobial treatment duration for NEC is warranted.
Micronutrient Monitoring and Management in Parenteral Nutrition–Dependent Premature Neonates: A Case Series
Authors: Vettleson Kassandra L. , Larson Hannah J. , Mohamed Mohamed W. , Grindeland Carlina J. , Muzzy Williamson Julia D.
Published: February 2021

We present a prospective case series of 3 premature neonates with abnormal vitamin A, vitamin E, and selenium levels after being managed on prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN). All 3 patients experienced gastrointestinal complications including spontaneous intestinal perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis, and/or short bowel syndrome. Additionally, all 3 patients developed PN-associated liver disease, which required the use of a mixed lipid emulsion and a fish oil–based lipid emulsion for a short period of time. We evaluated the micronutrient levels of these patients after they had been receiving PN for 1 to 2 months. After the early identification of these abnormalities, we promptly attempted to correct the levels through supplementation and restriction, as appropriate. One barrier we experienced in the treatment of these patients was the conflicting guidance of daily micronutrient dosing in PN and when to evaluate levels in premature infants from the European and American pediatric nutrition organizations, the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Additionally, after we assessed micronutrient levels, we experienced a lack of guidance on how to adjust dosing and when to monitor subsequent levels.