bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiative forcing geoengineering under high CO2 levels leads to higher risk of Arctic wildfires and permafrost thaw than a targeted mitigation scenario
Authors: Müller Rhonda C. , Kim Jin-Soo , Lee Hanna , Muri Helene , Tjiputra Jerry , Yoon Jin-Ho , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela
Published: April 2024

Radiative forcing geoengineering is discussed as an intermediate solution to partially offset greenhouse gas-driven warming by altering the Earth’s energy budget. Here we use an Earth System Model to analyse the response in Arctic temperatures to radiative geoengineering applied under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 to decrease the radiative forcing to that achieved under the representative concentration pathway 4.5. The three methods Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, Marine Cloud Brightening, and Cirrus Cloud Thinning, mitigate the global mean temperature rise, however, under our experimental designs, the projected Arctic temperatures are higher than if the same temperature was achieved under emission mitigation. The maximum temperature increase under Cirrus Cloud Thinning and Marine Cloud Brightening is linked to carbon dioxide plant physiological forcing, shifting the system into climatic conditions favouring the development of fires. Under Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, the Arctic land with temperatures permanently below freezing decreased by 7.8% compared to the representative concentration pathway 4.5. This study concludes that these specific radiative forcing geoengineering designs induce less efficient cooling of the Arctic than the global mean and worsen extreme conditions compared to the representative concentration pathway 4.5.
Patterns and drivers of maternal personal exposure to PM2.5 in informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Johnson Michael A. , Abuya Timothy , Wickramanayake Anneka , Miller Heather , Sambu Deborah , Mwanga Daniel , Odwe George , Ndwiga Charity , Piedrahita Ricardo , Rossanese Madeleine , Gatari Michael J. , Giordano Michael R. , Westervelt Daniel M. , Wotton Laura , Rajasekharan Sathyanath
Published: April 2024

Maternal PM2.5 exposures in informal settlements in Nairobi exceeded WHO air quality targets, with low-quality cooking fuel use identified as the most important non-ambient source.
Obtaining giant Rashba–Dresselhaus spin splitting in two-dimensional chiral metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Xu Ke , Li Xingxing , Li Qunxiang , Yang Jinlong
Published: April 2024

Nonmagnetic chiral metal–organic frameworks are developed as 2D Rashba–Dresselhaus (R–D) semiconductors for the first time. Furthermore, the underlying key factors determining giant spin splitting are revealed.
Recognizing chiral amino acids with a dual-optical-response system
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Zhou Yajie , Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Mingjiang , Li Anqi , Li Guangen , Guo Qi , Guo Xueru , Tong Zhi , Li Zeyi , Lin Jing , Zhuang Taotao
Published: April 2024

Histidine/tryptophan and their enantiomers were stepwise recognized by a dual-optical-response system, responding to fluorescence intensity variation and chiroptical activity regulation.
Interfacial catalytic degradation mechanism of n-hexane over polyhedral Co3O4 nanocatalysts derived from topotactic condensation of ZIF-67
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Wen Meicheng , Li Guiying , Kong Jiejing , Song Shengnan , Liu Qiuxia , An Taicheng
Published: April 2024

A progressive transition from the L–H model to MvK model is observed, where a polyhedral Co3O4 nanocatalyst enabled by topotactic condensation of ZIF-67 is synthesized for catalytic degradation of n-hexane.
Pomegranate supplementation alleviates dyslipidemia and the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats by shifting microbiota and producing urolithin-like microbial metabolites
Authors: Sánchez-Terrón Guadalupe , Martínez Remigio , Morcuende David , Caballero Víctor , Estévez Mario
Published: April 2024

Pomegranate supplemetation decreased fat depots, counteracted the dyslipidemia caused by fructose and improved markers of liver injury. Microbial metabolites from pomegranate may be responsible for these health benefits.
Conformation-determined emission enhancement of phenothiazine derivatives under high pressure
Authors: Li Aisen , Liu Zhenjiang , Gao Mingxue , Bi Changjiang , Yang Jie , Xu Shuping , Wang Jinfeng , Li Zhen
Published: April 2024

Under high pressure, PTZ-DP-F with ax-conformation exhibited rarely pressure-induced emission enhancement, while eq-conformation showed quenched emission, revealing that molecular conformation significantly influences their photophysical properties.
Photochemical three-component assembly of tri-substituted oxazoles through a carbenic phosphorus-nitrile hybrid ylide formation/trapping cascade
Authors: Ye Xingchen , Pan Huaijin , Huang Yong , Chen Jiean , Wang Zhaofeng
Published: April 2024

A photochemical three-component reaction for synthesizing tri-substituted oxazoles has been reported. This protocol featured simple starting materials, mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and wide synthetic utility.
Pb2(SeO3)(SiF6): the first selenite fluorosilicate with a wide bandgap and large birefringence achieved through perfluorinated group modification
Authors: Li Peng-Fei , Hu Chun-Li , Mao Jiang-Gao , Kong Fang
Published: April 2024

The first selenite fluorosilicate, Pb2(SeO3)(SiF6), modified with perfluorinated groups, features a broad transparency range, large birefringence, high LIDT, and excellent environmental stability, marking it a potential birefringent material.
Efficient hydrogen evolution from water over a thin film photocathode composed of solid solutions with a composition gradient of ZnTe and CdTe
Authors: Veiga Lionel S. , Kumagai Hiromu , Sugiyama Masakazu , Minegishi Tsutomu
Published: April 2024

Photocathode composed of solid solutions with a composition gradient of ZnTe and CdTe shows significantly enhanced solar hydrogen evolution from water over bilayer and/or monolayer photocathodes.
Biochemical production of short-chain alcohols from glycerol: process simulation and economic evaluation
Authors: Albuquerque Lia G. M. , Cavalcante Raquel M. , Young André F.
Published: April 2024

Biochemical production processes were simulated in Aspen HYSYS® v12. Reaction times and glycerol dilution were identified as the main bottlenecks, but propanol production can be feasible if more productive and tolerant microorganisms can be designed.
Reaction kinetics for ammonia synthesis using ruthenium and iron based catalysts under low temperature and pressure conditions
Authors: Cholewa T. , Steinbach B. , Heim C. , Nestler F. , Nanba T. , Güttel R. , Salem O.
Published: April 2024

Reaction kinetics for the synthesis of NH3 from renewable H2 under mild reaction conditions.
High-performance planar Zn-ion micro-capacitors
Authors: Fan Yujia , Liu Xiaopeng , Naresh Nibagani , Zhu Yijia , Pinnock Iman , Wang Tianlei , Wang Mingqing , Parkin Ivan P. , Boruah Buddha Deka
Published: April 2024

Proposing a planar zinc-ion micro-capacitor, featuring battery type anode and supercapacitor type cathode to offer intermediate energy storage performance, boasting greater energy density than typical supercapacitors, superior power density compared to batteries, and minimal self-discharge rates.
The Impact of Verb Inflectional Distance on Morphological Awareness in Arabic Diglossia: Insights From a Longitudinal Study (Kindergarten to Grade 3)
Authors: Joubran-Awadie Nancy , Shalhoub-Awwad Yasmin
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The main aim of the current study was to examine the longitudinal impact of verb inflectional distance on morphological awareness among Arabic-speaking children from kindergarten (K) to third grade. The study also investigated the impact of testing children in two language varieties, Spoken Palestinian dialect (SPD) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), on the development of morphological awareness.

Method:

Sixty-two children were followed longitudinally at three time points: K, Grade 1 (G1), and Grade 3 (G3). Each child completed two parallel orally administered inflectional awareness pseudoverb tasks in the spoken and in the standard variety at each grade. The items were classified by form and function into two main distance levels: low-diglossic and high-diglossic, representing the closest and the farthest distance between SPD and MSA morphemes, respectively.

Results:

The findings indicated that morphological awareness was more difficult for high-diglossic morphemes than for low-diglossic ones. Moreover, the findings point to different paths in the developmental trajectory of verb inflectional awareness by distance levels and language variety: In SPD, the difference in children's awareness between low-diglossic morphemes and high-diglossic morphemes decreased across grades and disappeared in G3, whereas, in MSA, this difference significantly increased from K to G1 and G3.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of verb inflectional distance on morphological awareness development before and during the initial process of learning to read. Results are discussed within the context of linguistic distance and the development of metalinguistic processing skills with implications for assessment and intervention.
Wear Behavior Analysis of Imperfect Functionally Graded Parts: Analytical and Experimental Techniques
Authors: Kadum Njim Emad , Jweeg Muhsen J. , Al-Maamori Mohammed H. , Idan Zainab S. , Al‑Waily Muhannad , Mouthanna Ahmed , Hadji L.
Published: April 2024

A combination of an analytical solution and experimental tests was used in this study to evaluate the wear resistance of a porous functionally graded material (PFGM) structural system.A cylindrical porous sample is fabricated using 3D printing technology based on different parameters. According to ASTM standards, the sliding wear behavior of porous samples has been investigated using a Pin on the Disc Tribometer. The results showed reasonable agreement between experimental and analytical analyses, with a discrepancy of 10.434 %. This indicates that 3D printing can be suitable for manufacturing reliable viscoelastic samples. However, the porosity parameter has a significant influence on wear resistance. The porous gradation technique led to a higher experimental wear resistance of around 31% for FGM PLA samples.Morphological observation on specimen fracture surfaces was done using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to check the PFGM layer’s nature.
Experimental and numerical analysis of uni-axial buckling of single-phase functionally graded porous polymeric sandwich plates
Authors: Njim Emad K. , Almamuri Mohammad H. , Bakhy Sadeq H. , Idan Zainab S. , Al-Waily Muhannad , Jweeg Mohsen J. , Hadji L.
Published: April 2024

The porosity gradient functionally graded material (PFGM) is one of the most popular types of FGM, in which the porosity in the material is made to change in the specified direction. This study looks into the buckling problems of rectangular sandwich plates made of single-phase porous functionally graded materials (PFGMs), commonly used in aircraft structures and biomedical applications. A compression test was performed on the 3D-printed polymeric FG specimens bonded with two thin solid face sheets on the upper and lower surfaces. The critical stress of well-designed and fabricated 3D printed FGM plate samples with various metal core types is determined using a PC installed on universal testing equipment (UTM). The effect of different essential parameters (such as porous ratio, gradient exponent, and aspect ratio) on buckling load and total deformation were explored.The finite element method (FEM) was used to run a numerical simulation on elastic buckling using ANSYS 2021 R1 software to validate the experimental results. The load-displacement relationships and deformed morphologies were investigated using experiments and numerical analysis. The topology arrangement and relative density of the polymer core were examined using the SEM micro-tomography test based on porosity distribution to check the resistance of the sandwich to buckling load. PETG/Al sandwich plates have been found to have critical buckling loads that are 2.52 % higher than PLA/Al sandwich plates, while TPU/Al sandwich plates show increased essential loads of buckling of 5.139 %. The FEM and experiment results show that the existence of porosity in the PLA core in the PFGM plate can reduce the buckling strength tremendously, about 10.52% and 6.8 %, respectively. It was evident that the numerical results show a good agreement with the experimental findings, with a maximum discrepancy of no more than 12 % occurring at the (TPU/Al) sandwich plate with a porosity of 30%.
Driver Drowsiness Detection using Evolutionary Machine Learning: A Survey
Authors: Yasir Jumhaa Maha , Majeed Osama , Taima Alaa
Published: April 2024

One of the factors that kills hundreds of people every year is driving accidents caused by drowsy drivers. There are different methods to prevent this type of accidents. Recently Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have emerged as very effective and valuable approaches for detecting driver drowsiness. Moreover, the optimization of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models may be achieved through the utilization of evolutionary algorithms (EA). This survey aims to offer an overview of recent studies in driver drowsiness detection-based machine learning and deep learning models that have been improved by EA. This survey divides the approaches for detecting drowsiness into two groups: those that rely on ML, and DL, and those that rely on models-based deep learning and machine learning that are optimized by evolutionary algorithms.
Secure Image Encryption using E-Fractal-Based Non-Commutative Group and Hash Function
Authors: Kadhim Ola N. , Najjar Fallah H. , Ramadhan Ali J.
Published: April 2024

Due to the importance of data security at present, an encryption algorithm based on the principle of non-commutative group, hash function, and E-fractal has been proposed. Key generation depends on the array values generated by the braid group and using them as input to the SHA-3 (256) which increases the strength of the key because it generates values in one direction only. The results of the hash function are determined by the Lorenz hyper-chaotic system initial values, and four image-size arrays are generated as the final image-encryption keys using the RC4 algorithm. Then the use of the E-fractal diffusion method. To bolster the security of the encryption, it is employed to disperse the pixel values., adopting the control word that increases the randomness of the data. The security analysis of the proposed encryption algorithm demonstrates that it is difficult to decipher due to the presence of the hash function in addition to its easy implementation within seconds, and the efficiency scale was calculated that showed its strength in effectively resisting attacks by others.
Reliability of Soil Water Characteristics Curve under Different Normal Stresses for Unsaturated Sand
Authors: Abdalhusein Mustafa M. , Shakir Mahmood Mohammed , Saleh Salah Mahdi , Almahmodi Rusul
Published: April 2024

The soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) demonstrates a link between soil moisture content and suction. The SWCC is almost treated as an index parameter in unsaturated soil. The soil permeability and shear strength can be linked to SWCC. SWCC is established using filter paper for the wetting path. This paper compares SWCC for both cases stress-dependent and no stress (reference) in the wetting path. The samples of soil are brought from Al-Najaf City with a gypsum content of 29%, Iraq. The stress-SWCC is studied using a modified Oedometer cell with controlled water and air entrance to apply a specific matric suction. While the reference SWCC is estimated using the filter paper method. Matric suction is conducted at a range of pressures from 90 kPa to 0 kPa. The tests use three net normal stresses of 100, 200, and 400 kPa. The results show that there are decreasing values of the SWCC with increasing normal stresses. An interesting result is that this decrease is high and has zero matric suction. The water entry value (WEV) with the most significant value of the water entry change is represented by the matric suction of 50 kPa.
Detecting Brute Force Attacks Using Machine Learning
Authors: Ali Hamza Amer , Jumma surayh Al-Janabi Rana
Published: April 2024

The importance of identifying network traffic abnormalities in cybersecurity cannot be emphasized enough, particularly considering the growing frequency and complexity of computer network assaults. With the emergence of new Internet-related technology, there is a corresponding increase in complex assaults. A significant difficulty is dictionary-based brute-force assaults (BFA), which need efficient real-time detection and mitigation techniques. This study explores the detection of SSH and FTP brute-force attacks via the use of the primary objective of our study is to use the machine learning methodology for the identification and detection of SSH and FTP brute-force assaults. Employing many classifiers enables a pretty comprehensive examination of the effectiveness of machine learners in spotting brute force attacks on SSH and FTP. Brute-force attacks are a widely used and perilous technique for acquiring usernames and passwords. Utilizing ethical hacking is a commendable method to assess the impact of a brute-force attack. This article explores several defense tactics and methodologies for using brute-force attacks. The advantages and disadvantages of many defense techniques are listed, along with details on the kind of attack that is most straightforward to recognize. we made use of machine learning (ML) classifiers: Naive Bayes (NB), decision Tree (DT), random forest (RF) Logistic Regression (LG), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), we determined that the Random Forest (RF) algorithm achieved the highest level with an accuracy of 99.9%.
Enhancement of the Reliability of the Linear Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Salam Al-hchimy Zainab , Talib Hasson Saad , Mahmood Kareem Rajaa , Jabor Maytham S. , Ramadhan Ali J. , TaeiZadeh Ali , Carlos Campelo José , Bonastre Pina Alberto
Published: April 2024

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the trend technologies. It was aggregation, processing, and transferring a huge amount of data in different applications that deal with the surrounding environment. Using a huge number of sensors deployed or organized in a linear configuration between two parallel lines or carvings, a specific kind of WSN is constructed to monitor a particular type of infrastructure. This type of WSN is Known as Linear Wireless Sensor Network (LWSN). LWSNs are used in monitoring applications that are arranged in linear form like underground Pipelines, Bridges, Tunnels, Railway lines, Highways, and Borderlines. A transmission process must be reliable and efficient to ensure end-to-end packet delivery. The backbone or the shortest path approach is used to improve the network performance and prolong the network lifetime. In such networks, more packets are ultimately forwarded or relayed by the sensors closest to the sink than by other types of sensors. In this paper, a backbone approach has been implemented where data is sent from the backbone and the node outside the backbone. Any node outside the backbone selects the closest backbone and sends the sensing data to it.
A Two-Stage Hybrid Approach for Phishing Attack Detection Using URL and Content Analysis in IoT
Authors: Yousif Mohammed Sahar , Aljanabi Mohammad , Mijwil Maad M. , Ramadhan Ali J. , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein , Albadran Zainalabideen
Published: April 2024

The goal of phishing assaults is to trick users into giving up personal information by making them believe they need to act quickly on critical information. The creation of efficient solutions, such as phishing attack detection systems backed by AI, is essential for the safety of users. This research suggests a two-stage hybrid strategy that uses both URL and content analysis to identify phishing assaults. In the first step of the suggested method, URL analysis is used to determine the legitimacy of suspected phishing assaults. If the site is still live, the second check uses content analysis to determine how serious the attack is. Both analysis' findings are taken into account in the decision-making procedure. As can be seen from the experiments, the hybrid system obtains an astounding 99.06% accuracy rate. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing a massive dataset of over 14 million data samples that includes both legal and phishing URLs. Furthermore, when content analysis is required for phishing URL detection, the two-stage hybrid technique significantly outperforms URL analysis alone by 70.23 %. The proposed method provides better defense against phishing attempts and is practical enough for widespread use.
Accuracy Assessment of land use maps classification based on remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Abdullah Abbas Hamid , Sabah Jaber Hussein
Published: April 2024

The need to classify sentinel-2 satellite images to create land use /land cover (LULC) are essential to analysis the processes of environment problems and to improve living conditions. Hence, this research aims to assess of accuracy classification by Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach to create LULC maps from sentinel-2 satellite images using remote sensing and GIS. The selected study area for this research is Baghdad city because of it has a unique political stability and due to rapid urbanization that lead to rise additional request for natural resources and affected on LULC in Baghdad city. After preprocessing and processing of satellite images, thematic maps were created and classified into five main classes based on visual interpretation and visit the field of the study area containing: urban, vegetation, soil, asphalt roads, and water bodies. The results showed that classification accuracy assessment of SVM algorithm are acceptable because of overall accuracy and Kappa index equal (88%, 0.84) respectively.
Prediction of Monthly Wind Velocity Using Machine Learning
Authors: Al-Hasani Ahmed T. , Jaber Ednan Al-Juburi Ban , Hussein Hasan Fouad , Ramadhan Ali J. , Oluwaseun Adebayo Adelaja
Published: April 2024

The utilization of non-renewable energy resources necessitates the power sector's adoption of alternative energy sources, including photovoltaic and wind power generation systems. This academic investigation utilizes two machine learning methodologies, in particular, the study utilizes the random forest and support vector machine algorithms. to conduct its analyses. predict the velocity of the wind in the Diyala governorate of Iraq for the subsequent time interval. This is achieved solely by utilizing historical monthly time series data as input predictors. The three performance metrics employed encompass the coefficient of assurance (R2), root cruel square mistake (RMSE), and cruel outright blunder (MAE). The findings demonstrate that utilizing a lag of 12 months in the time series data (the maximum lag duration tested) as input predictors leads to the most accurate predictions in terms of performance. However, the prediction performance of the two algorithms used was almost similar (RF's RMSE, MAE, and R2 were 0.237, 0.180, and 0.836, while for SVM were 0.223, 0.171, and 0.856). The capacity to anticipate wind speed constitutes a paramount advantage to Iraq, given its current predicament in the electric power industry, and this has the potential to enable stakeholders to forecast oversupply or undersupply and implement pre-emptive measures.
Regression Based Network Security Scenario Prediction Model
Authors: Mutar Awad Ahmed , Hamad Efan Yousif , Neamah Ibrahim Qays
Published: April 2024

Analysing issues in which one or more independent variables predict an outcome may be done using logistic regression. A binary or dichotomous dependent variable is used to quantify the result, which only comprises data coded as 1 (True, Success, etc.) or 0 (False, Failure, etc). Logistic regression is used to identify the best model to represent the connection between a dependent variable (outcome or response variable) and a collection of independent (predictor or explanatory) variables. Biomedical applications of LR (Linear Regression) include cancer detection, survival prediction, and more. This is a popular and well-established data analysis approach in statistics and biomedicine. It is also recommended to compare data mining approaches with logistic regression when mining clinical data. In this research, various ideas about network security assessment are described and compared,, and a technique for evaluating the current state of network security using a virtual Honeynet is proposed. A binary linear regression model is developed based on the correlations between Honeynet active, host active of computer networks, and IP active when network intrusion occurs. Prototype systems for data gathering and regression fitting are built, proving the validity of regression prediction models.
Investigation of Temperature Effects on the Characteristics of Bipolar Junction Transistor
Authors: Thiab Hasan Ghanim , Hlal Mutlaq Ali , Halaf Husain Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Temperature rise on the electronic board can have a noticeable impact on the electronic circuit which result in some changes in the basic parameters of the circuit elements. The aim of this paper is to study and analyzes the effects of high temperature on the static and dynamic characteristics of a bipolar transistor. The research was carried out experimentally by studying and analyzing several parameters of the NPN BJT transistor type 2SC2120 at different temperatures. The obtained results showed that there is a significant increase in collector current from 0.19 A to 0.23 A and current gain from 0.14 to 0.22 by increasing the temperature from 25°C to 130°C. As for the threshold voltage, it was found that its value decreased from 0.6 volts to 0.4 volts. The results obtained also indicate that for the dynamic properties, the diffusion capacitance of the emitter-base junction, increased from 10.1 nF to 45.02 nF by increasing the temperature up to 130°C. Finally, it was found that the reverse capacitance of the gate-drain junction increased from 41.4 pF to 47.3 pF under the same temperature ranges.
Learn Land Features Using Python Language
Authors: Akeel Hussein Alaasam Hussein , Ali Talib Al-Khazaali Ahmed , Hussein Aleiwi Ali , Wahhab Ibrahim Doaa
Published: April 2024

Python has emerged as an essential programming language for research due to continuous technological advancements that emphasize its role in streamlining scientific workflows. This article elucidates Python's burgeoning impact on researchers across disciplines. Tracing Python's origins and applications within the earth sciences contextualizes its versatility. While acquiring proficiency in Python exceeds this article's scope, discussions detail its utilities for earth science data analysis, visualization, management, and rapid computations. With Python expertise, researchers can engineer customized software with domain-specific tools to advance all earth science spheres. Ultimately, this article underscores Python's position as a vital programming language for contemporary academic research through its flexibility and specialization for scientific use cases.
Dynamic TWGH: Client-Server Optimization for Scalable Combinatorial Test Suite Generation
Authors: Mohammed Fadhil Heba , Najm Abdullah Mohammed , Issam Younis Mohammed
Published: April 2024

To ensure that a software/hardware product is of sufficient quality and functionality, it is essential to conduct thorough testing and evaluations of the numerous individual software components that make up the application. Many different approaches exist for testing software, including combinatorial testing and covering arrays. Because of the difficulty of dealing with difficulties like a two-way combinatorial explosion, this brings up yet another problem: time. Using client-server architectures, this research introduces a parallel implementation of the TWGH algorithm. Many studies have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of this technique. The findings of this experiment were used to determine the increase in speed and compare it to the results obtained from the various methodologies. TWGH was shown to be a demonstration of scalability in studies involving speedups. When the recommended method was implemented, the rate of acceleration increased by eight.
Transformation of Rayleigh Distribution, Properties, and Application
Authors: Kadhim Althebhawi Sami , Al-Haboobi Anas , Fakhri Altalaqani Sara , Al-hchimy Zainab , AL-Adilee Ahmed
Published: April 2024

The need to develop the theory of statistics and its properties follows from the fact that many types of data cannot be fitted by classical distributions. This fact invites many researchers to generate new distributions, find their properties, and implement a data set to find the best distribution that can fit the data better.

In this paper, we propose special cases of Rayleigh distribution and their relationship to wellknown distributions like half-logistic distribution (HLD), generalized half-logistic distribution (GHLD), and exponentiated half-logistic distribution (EHLD). We have mainly discussed the relationship of a transformation technique of those special cases of Rayleigh distribution with different parameter values to the assigned distributions (HLD, GHLD, EHLD). We also show the mathematical statistical properties of such special cases like the rth moment, central moment, incomplete moments, the probability weighted moments, the stochastic ordering, and interval estimation within the proposed parameters. Consequently, such properties are derived to generate modern statistical characteristics related to the special cases of Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, we have set table for the calculations of particular cases with their derived moments that have previously found their theoretical representations. Finally, we set off some conclusions related to the results of this humble work.
Lower Bound for Complete (k,n)-arc in PG(3,23)
Authors: Juma'a Abd Ezalden Mohamed , Yassen Kasm Yahya Nada
Published: April 2024

In this work, we construct a complete (k,n)-arcs in the projective space over Galois field GF(23), we construct the complete (k,n)-arcs by taking the union of some (k.n)-arcs, by using computer program we added some points of index zero, and found all lower bound for the complete (k.n)-arcs in PG(3,23), where 3 ≤ n ≤ 553
A review on graph representation for object-oriented programming
Authors: Farooq Khattak Umar , Ali Hussein Al Naffakh Hussein , Alı Aıtızaz
Published: April 2024

Relationships and connections between entities are typically represented by graphs, a fundamental data structure in computer science. A graph illustrates the control flow among statements within a program, whereas a dependence graph delineates the interrelationships among various objects within it. The object-oriented paradigm introduces numerous innovative concepts, including encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and dynamic binding. A complete object-oriented graph representation entails structuring and conceptualizing a graph based on the principles of object-oriented programming (OOP). Several models have been suggested previously designed to depict the diverse features of object-oriented programming. This study distinguishes between partial and fully object-oriented graph representations. It also analyses the fully object-oriented graph representation models.
Comparative Economics of Maize Crop in Kharif and Rabi Season
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Kumar Tiwari Ankit , Kumar Birendra , Supriya  , Mishra Harshit , Gautam Sandeep , Gautam Rajani , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein
Published: April 2024

This study offers a detailed comparative analysis of maize crop cultivation in the kharif and rabi seasons within the agricultural landscape of Gonda District. 50 respondents were carefully selected from various villages in the block, with proportional representation for Marginal, Small, and Medium-sized farmers. The research delves into the economics of maize cultivation, emphasizing factors such as the cost of cultivation, input expenses, income generation, and input-output ratios. In the kharif season, it was distinguished that the cost of cultivation of maize with the farm's size. Marginal farms spent an average of ₹ 48125.93 per hectare, small farms incurred ₹ 51002.89, and large farms invested ₹ 54295.17. Similarly, during the rabi season, the cost of cultivation increased with farm size, with marginal farms investing an average of ₹ 52397.57, small farms spending ₹ 55444.93, and large farms allocating ₹ 58604.68 per hectare. Crucially, the study found that input-output ratios remained consistent across farm sizes in both seasons, reflecting uniform agricultural practices. The findings underscore the importance of efficient management, the adoption of advanced agricultural techniques, the use of high-quality seeds, and the timely application of irrigation and plant protection practices in enhancing net income, particularly on marginal farms.
Enhance framework for fresh markets inventory management in malaysia
Authors: Ng Yew Wooi Edward , Farooq Khattak Umar , Ali Hussein Al Naffakh Hussein , Binti Mohamed Shariff Norsuaini
Published: April 2024

The fresh market sector holds a vital position in the food supply chain, serving as a crucial link between producers and consumers. This study research examines the inventory management practices within fresh markets in Malaysia. The aim is to identify both common and unique approaches and issues related to inventory management, with the objective of enhancing the efficiency of existing inventory management systems in Malaysian fresh markets. However, one of the key challenges faced by many retail groups in this sector is maintaining a balance between demand and supply. This imbalance often results in the issue of overstocking, leading to significant food loss. Upon thorough analysis of existing literature reviews, this study presents the framework for improving fresh food management and identifying flow-related challenges associated with current inventory management practices. The findings of this research serve to guide policymakers in adopting a comprehensive approach to tackle the issue of imbalanced food supply and address the shortcomings in inventory management within Malaysia.
Green Hydrogen Produced by Solar Thermal Separation Has Technical, Economic, and Environmental Aspirations
Authors: Salah Al-Haidari Zaid , Elias Ahmed Hamid , Abdullah Al-Sadiq Kazem Fahd Abu , Ramadhan Ali J.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the generation of green hydrogen utilizing the sun powered warm partition strategy is analyzed from a financial and natural point of view, and the arrangements of researchers and analysts to create this innovation and decrease its costs are considered, and insights are displayed for the generation of green hydrogen by this strategy. This paper analyzes the generation of green hydrogen utilizing sun oriented warm partition from a financial and natural point of view. It investigates the endeavors of researchers and analysts to create this innovation and decrease costs. The paper too presents insights on the generation of green hydrogen through this strategy.
Estimation of the parameters of triple modular redundancy system under step partially accelerated life tests using Frechet distribution
Authors: Issa Hossam Kamel , Kneehr Abbas Lafta
Published: April 2024

Triple modular redundancy system (TMR) is repetition of important components or functions of the system. It aims to increase the reliability and reducing the failure rate. This study is focused on the estimating of the distribution’s parameters of the "TMR system" under the partly life test with gradual stress, as it included every component in the system that follows The Frechete distribution. This research aimed to analysis the reliability of this triple modular system. The optimal time for stress change was determined using two criteria according to the accelerated stress strategy under the new distribution, as well as estimating the reliability of the system by using the maximum likelihood (MLE) method. The efficiency of the " MLE" in estimate the parameters of the new distribution is one of the most important conclusions in this study. Therefore, the design of the "TMR” system can have a lengthy lifetime and higher safety, reducing the risks of unexpected failure and the economic losses.
Machine Learning Techniques for Sugarcane Yield Prediction Using Weather Variables
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Priya S. R. Krishna , Pavithra V. , Mishra Pradeep , Dash Abhiram , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein , Albadran Zainalabideen
Published: April 2024

Weather has a profound influence on crop growth, development and yield. The present study deals with the use of weather parameters for sugarcane yield forecasting. Machine learning techniques like K- Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest model have been used for sugarcane yield forecasting. Weather parameters namely maximum temperature and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity in the morning and evening, sunshine hours, evaporation along with sugarcane yield have been used as inputs variables. The performance metrics like R2, Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) have been used to select the best model for predicting the yield of the crop. Among the models, Random Forest algorithm is selected as the best fit based on the high R2 and minimum error values. The results indicate that among the weather variables, rainfall and relative humidity in the evening have significant influence on sugarcane yield.
tg-Radical Supplemented Modules
Authors: Alwan Ahmed H. , Falh Mohammedreda N.
Published: April 2024

In this work, we define tg-radical supplemented modules and cofinitely tg-radical supplemented modules. We investigate some properties of these modules. In addition, we present examples separating the tg-radical supplemented modules, g-supplemented modules, and ⊕-g-Rad-supplemented modules and also show the equality of these modules for projective and finitely generated modules. We give a characterization of cofinitely tg-radical supplemented modules. Furthermore, for any ring R, we show that any finite direct sum of tg-radical supplemented R-modules is tg-radical supplemented and that any direct sum of cofinitely tg-radical supplemented R-modules is a cofinitely tg-radical supplemented module.
Characterizations of Paracompact Map
Authors: Mahdi Jaber Saad , Yasir Mohsin Marwah , Hassan Kadhem Hiyam
Published: April 2024

Paracompactness is a tool for splitting of a space. In this paper, new types of maps initiated called a paracompact map, S-paracompact mapping and β-paracompact mapping. The properties of these maps investigated. In addition, the relationships between a paracompact map with other maps discussed, such as Bourbaki proper mapping and closed mapping. Moreover, we studied the necessary conditions and properties for satisfying the composition of the new maps with the projection map and constant map are paracompact. The product of two paracompact maps also verified under necessary conditions
Optical electron photo converter
Authors: Ergashev Shoxboz , Dalibekov Lochibek , Komilov Abdullajon , Jo'raeva Gulnozaxon , Xusanova Soxibaxon , Komilov Davron
Published: April 2024

An optical electron photo converter is a device based on electro-optical transfer phenomena. It is an energy-efficient, high-quality and compact optoelectronic system in the field of instrumentation in the field of information and measurement technology of solar engineering. This converter allows to control technological processes, product quality remotely, without affecting the technological process. The device can operate independently at the expense of renewable energy sources in all types of automatic measurement and control systems of science and technology, without the need for a special source of energy. The power supply of the device can be adapted to work by means of light, heat and magnetic effects of solar energy.
Choosing a library for the Python programming language for visualizing the operation of parallel algorithms
Authors: Sharov Sergii , Sitsylitsyn Yurii , Naumuk Oleksii , Lubko Dmytro , Kolmakova Vira
Published: April 2024

The research compares the capabilities of several libraries for the Python language, which allow creating a test application and visually demonstrate the operation of a parallel program in real time. It was found that the Python language is often used to develop parallel programs with internal and external libraries. To provide multithreading and parallelism, applications created in Python use external libraries, including mpi4py.futures, PETSc for Python, MPI for Python, d2o, Playdoh, PyOMP, and others. Visualization and animation of the operation of parallel programs will help to understand the principles of parallel computing. We compared test applications created with the use of Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly, Bokeh, Pygame, PyOpenGL libraries. According to the results of the observation, it was found that the Seaborn library is the best choice for developing a test application for animating the operation of a parallel program.
On the method of approximation and quantization of information transmission through communication channels
Authors: Turdimatov Mamirjon , Xusanova Mohira , Sadirova Xursanoy , Abdurakhmonov Sultonali , Bilolov Inom
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the issues of information transmission over communication channels based on an adjacent algorithm for signal approximation and sampling. The nature of the communication channel is described, which is a set of technical means for transmitting messages from one point in space to another. It is proved that the transmission is most often carried out in conditions of unavoidable interference. From this point of view, to eliminate gaps, an approximation method is used for a continuous message converted into an electrical form of the primary x(t), which can be converted into a discrete form (sequence of numbers) using the process of taking samples at certain intervals. It is proved that from a practical point of view, the intervals are taken to be the same and equal to a certain value. The mathematical expectation of quantization noise is used to determine interference and signal quality. Legendre's interpolation polynomial is used to reconstruct the signals. The computational procedure for adaptive sampling can be implemented in hardware. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the publication of this scientific article based on the analysis of the available scientific results of scientific research in the field of signal processing and transmission by quantization and approximation. The summary lists the results obtained in the framework of scientific research and discusses their theoretical and practical significance.
Building a database system of greenhouse gas emissions from concentrated domestic wastewater treatment plants in urbans of the Northern region to prepare for Vietnam's carbon market
Authors: Van Khanh Nghiem
Published: April 2024

In the field of wastewater treatment, a quality-assured carbon database system will serve as a basis for determining greenhouse gas emission quotas and aiming to prepare Vietnam's carbon market in the period from now to 2025. This article presents the results of calculations to determine the volume of greenhouse gas emissions (including emissions of methane CH4 and nitrous oxide N2O) from concentrated domestic wastewater treatment plants in urbans of the region North. The inventory calculation period is determined from the official operation of the plant to 2024. Total CH4 and N2O emissions during the calculation period of 29 plants correspond to normal emission scenarios (BAU) is 378.0 and 79.7 x 106 tons CO2e, low emission scenario is 363.8 and 6.4 x 106 tons CO2e, high emission scenario is 476.1 and 13,103.9 x 106 tons CO2e. On this basis, state management agencies as well as local authorities can propose the most appropriate and effective strategic directions for green growth urban development.
New kind of vector space via Ş-Proximit structure
Authors: Abed Ali Safia S. , Hussein Boushra Y.
Published: April 2024

This paper describes the basic aim of Ş -proximit space for non-empty sets. The relationship between approach space and Ş-proximit space has been clarified. This paper demonstrates that all metric spaces are Ş-proximit spaces. But the opposite is not always true. We define SA-contraction and present various features and the results. In addition, we define new Ş-proximit normed space. We demonstrate that any proximit normed space is normed. But the opposite is not always true. We define the concepts of the Ş -proximit semigroup, Ş-proximit group, and Ş-proximit vector space via instances of problem-solving techniques. We also discussed the definitions of Cauchy sequence, cluster point, Ş -convergent sequence, and Ş -complete.
Design optimization of a well-known geometry for minimum weight utilizing the Density-Shape-Element Removal method (D-S-ER)
Authors: Teke Ibrahim T. , Ertas Ahmet H.
Published: April 2024

The development of topology optimization (TO) methods gives designers new capabilities. A variety of TO techniques have recently been used in special circumstances to expand the capabilities of generalist techniques on particular niche issues. To achieve more flexible solutions and generalized procedures for most of the problems, hybrid methods are in trend. Hence, in this study, a different application of the Density-Shape-Element Removal method (D-S-ER) has been used to reduce maximum stress while also significantly reducing the weight of the structure, a lifting hook. A raw model was taken into consideration for the procedure. The study's findings show that the suggested strategy can be employed to provide quick and effective solutions by means of optimizing the balance between weight and strength. One of the findings depicts that combining different methods could give flexibility even in well-proven geometry optimization, which is the lifting hook in this study.
To the algorithmization of the task of optimizing the transportation work of locomotives
Authors: Ablyalimov O.
Published: April 2024

A classification of optimization problems for the transportation work of locomotives and various possible methods of a numerical method for solving differential equations of the form y′=f(x,y) by the chord method are given. A verbal-operator format for the algorithm for solving the specified differential equations is proposed, taking into account the implementation of additional graphical constructions in the current integration interval for the average speed of the train. The algorithm for choosing a preliminary step of integration over the independent variable “path” is substantiated, the found value of which, according to the method of integrating a differential equation of the form y′=f(x,y) proposed for the author of this article, is used in subsequent calculations, including, which is very important, on the variable step of integration. It is recommended, based on the algorithms proposed by the author, to develop programs for traction and energy (economic) calculations for locomotives of electric traction and high-speed passenger trains.