bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Untranslatable Word? Reflections on Ereignis
Authors: Polt Richard
Published: March 2021

According to Heidegger, his key word Ereignis “can no more be translated” than “guiding words” in other languages, such as logos and dao. This essay presents a few reflections on the sense of Ereignis in Heidegger’s thought and on the problem of translation. I distinguish three phases in Heidegger’s use of the word Ereignis and draw on Paul Ricoeur and John Sallis to establish a view of translation that lies between the extremes of perfect translation and complete untranslatability. I argue that while perfect translation is impossible, imperfect translations—illuminating shifts from one context or language to another—are both possible and necessary, even when it comes to the word Ereignis. This position is compatible with Heidegger’s view that encounter is made possible by distance.
Outcomes of Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in Nonagenarian Patients
Authors: Jeon Youngbae , Han Kyoung-Won , Lee Won-Suk , Baek Jeong-Heum
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This study is aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at the age of ≥90 years between 2004 and 2018. Patient demographics were compared between the operation and nonoperation groups (NOG). Perioperative outcomes, histopathological outcomes, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test.

Results

A total of 31 patients were included (16 men and 15 women), and the median age was 91 (range: 90‐96) years. The number of patients who underwent surgery and who received nonoperative management was 20 and 11, respectively. No statistical differences in baseline demographics were observed between both groups. None of these patients were treated with perioperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Surgery comprised 18 (90.0%) colectomies and 2 (10.0%) transanal excisions. Short-term (≤30 days) and long-term (31‐90 days) postoperative complications occurred in 7 (35.0%) and 4 (20.0%) patients, respectively. No complications needed reoperation, such as anastomosis leakage or bleeding. No postoperative mortality occurred within 30 days: 90-day postoperative mortality occurred in two patients (10.0%), respectively. The median overall survival of the operation group was 31.6 (95% confidence interval: 26.7‐36.5) and that of NOG was 12.5 months (95% CI: 2.4‐22.6) ( P = 0.012).

Conclusion

Surgical treatment can be considered in carefully selected nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer in terms of acceptable postoperative morbidity, with better overall survival than the nonsurgical treatment.
Three decades of the Polish psychology of religion (1989–2020)
Authors: Anczyk Adam
Published: March 2021

Poland, being a post-Communist European country with a tradition of Marxists religious studies in operation till 1989, developed during the Communist Era an original way of connecting psychology of religion with the value-neutral study of religion. It is also a Catholic a country, in which psychology of religion was practiced in a bipolar milieu: religion as a “sensitive” topic was approached from either Marxist-atheist or Catholic religious perspective. Such dualistic divisions should end with the breaking of the Iron Curtain, and opening to the West, but was it so in this country of contrasts? The article forms a bird’s eye look on the last three decades of the Polish psychology of religion (1989–2020), concentrating on the “concrete products of scientific inquiry” therefore main works of scholars in the field are presented, discussed and context-wise interpreted in order to provide some answers for that query.
Flexible working practices and job-related anxiety: Examining the roles of trust in management and job autonomy
Authors: Yunus Suhaer , Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed
Published: March 2021

Although flexible working practices (FWPs) have been associated with positive individual outcomes, less is known about ‘how’ and ‘why’ such associations occur. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, this study examines the mediating and moderating processes which underpin the relationship between FWPs and job-related anxiety. The study’s hypotheses, proposing a moderated mediation model, are tested using data from Britain’s Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) 2011. The results of generalised multilevel structural equation modelling (GMSEM) reveal that FWPs increase trust in management (TIM), which, in turn, decreases job-related anxiety. Furthermore, job autonomy moderates both the positive relationship between FWPs and TIM and the indirect relationship between FWPs and job anxiety through TIM, such that the mediated relationship becomes stronger when perceived autonomy is high. Our study encourages focusing on FWPs, as these stimulate perceptions of resource gain spiral, and the integrated influence of resources accumulated through such positive gain spirals promotes well-being.
Role of Attachment and Family Functioning in Problematic Smartphone Use in Young Adults
Authors: Jimeno M. V. , Ricarte J. J. , Toledano A. , Mangialavori S. , Cacioppo M. , Ros L.
Published: March 2021

Overuse of the smartphone causes negative consequences on the health and behavior of younger people. It is necessary to know which factors can determine the problematic use of the smartphone. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between problematic smartphone use, attachment styles, and perceived family functioning in young adults. Three hundred and thirteen Spanish young adults took part in the study (255 women, 58 men) and completed the following instruments: the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES IV). The results of the path analyses show that the cohesion and enmeshed functioning variables were the best predictors of problematic smartphone use. The preoccupied attachment scale was the only one whose score also showed indirect effects on problematic smartphone use through the variable of enmeshed family functioning.
Mexican-Origin College Students’ Stress, Sibling Relationships, Academic Motivation, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Jones Samantha K. , Killoren Sarah E. , Kline Gabrielle C. , Alfaro Edna C. , Carlos Chavez Fiorella , Salinas Eric
Published: March 2021

The current study investigated associations among interpersonal, academic, financial, and ethnicity-related stressors and college students’ academic motivation and depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating role of positive sibling relationships on these associations. Participants included 171 Mexican-origin college students (80.7% female; M = 21.6 years). Data were collected using an online survey and analyzed with path analysis. Under conditions of more positive sibling relationships, there was a positive association between interpersonal stress and academic motivation, a negative association between ethnicity-related social stress and academic motivation, and a positive association between financial stress and depressive symptoms. Under conditions of less positive sibling relationships, there was a positive association between interpersonal stress and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that sibling relationships may only be protective for certain types of stress.
Social Support, Sense of Coherence, and Self-Management among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Song Yuan-yuan , Chen Lin , Wang Wen-xiu , Yang Dong-ju , Jiang Xiao-lian
Published: March 2021

Self-management is essential for patients who require regular hemodialysis treatment. This study aimed to explore the relationships between social support, sense of coherence (SOC), and self-management in hemodialysis patients and to examine whether SOC plays a mediating role. In a cross-sectional study, 402 hemodialysis patients from four tertiary hospitals were recruited. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Social support, SOC, and self-management were significantly correlated with each other. The proposed model provided a good fit to the data. Social support had a direct effect on self-management and SOC, partially mediated the effect of social support on self-management (β = 0.248, p = 0.001). Social support and SOC explained 69% of the variance in self-management. Our findings indicate that health care providers can enhance social support with an emphasis on strengthening SOC strategies to better improve self-management in hemodialysis patients.
Dyadic effects of attachment and relationship functioning
Authors: Lozano Elizabeth B. , Sze Wing Yan , Fraley R. Chris , Chong Jia Y.
Published: March 2021

Some scholars have proposed that people in couples in which at least one person is secure are just as satisfied as people in which both members are secure (i.e., buffering hypothesis). The present investigation tested this hypothesis by examining how relationship satisfaction varies as a function of the attachment security of both dyad members. Secondary analyses were performed using data from two studies (Study 1: 172 couples; Study 2: 194 couples) in which heterosexual dating couples were asked to complete self-reports of their own attachment style and relationship satisfaction. To evaluate the buffering hypothesis, we fit a standard APIM using SEM and added an actor × partner interaction term to our model. Contrary to expectations, our results suggested that secure partners do not “buffer” insecurely attached individuals. Moreover, partner attachment did not explain satisfaction much above and beyond actor effects. This work addresses a gap in the literature with respect to the dynamic interplay of partner pairing, allowing scholars to better understand attachment processes in romantic relationships.
Redo surgery for a type A aortic dissection in a pregnant woman with Marfan syndrome: a complex clinical case
Authors: Martinelli Federico , Manfredi Jacopo , Pederzolli Nicola , Rambaldini Manfredo
Published: March 2021

Aortic dissection during pregnancy is a very rare event in the general population but can be fatal to both the mother and the fetus. A rate of dissection as high as 10% was observed in pregnant patients affected by Marfan syndrome. Facing this kind of disease can represent a challenge for the involved physicians because of its rarity. Here we present the case of an aortic dissection in a pregnant woman with Marfan syndrome who previously underwent an open heart surgery for a mitral prolapse. The diagnosis and the treatment of this case, given the mid-term gestational age combined with an increased surgical risk due to the reintervention, required a particular effort by our team. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of this patient was the key to achieve a favorable outcome both for the mother and for the baby.
Dose–response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans
Authors: Hirschfeld Tim , Schmidt Timo T
Published: March 2021

Background:

Psilocybin is the psychoactive component in Psilocybe mushrooms (‘magic mushrooms’). Whether and how the quality of the psilocybin-induced experience might mediate beneficial health outcomes is currently under investigation, for example, in therapeutic applications. However, to date, no meta-analysis has investigated the dose-dependency of subjective experiences across available studies.

Aim:

Establishing dose–response relationships of the subjective experiences induced by psilocybin in healthy study participants and a comparison of patient groups.

Method:

We applied a linear meta-regression approach, based on the robust variance estimation framework, to obtain linear dose–response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings after oral psilocybin administration. Data were obtained from the Altered States Database, which contains data extracted from MEDLINE-listed journal articles that used standardized and validated questionnaires: the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale, the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and the Hallucinogen Rating Scale.

Results:

Psilocybin dose positively correlated with ratings on most factors and scales, mainly those referring to perceptual alterations and positively experienced ego dissolution. Measures referring to challenging experiences exhibited small effects and were barely modulated by dose.

Conclusion:

Psilocybin intensified almost all characteristics of altered states of consciousness assessed with the given questionnaires. Because subjective experiences are not only determined by dose, but also by individual and environmental factors, the results may only apply to controlled laboratory experiments and not to recreational use. This paper may serve as a general literature citation for the use of psilocybin in experimental and clinical research, to compare expected and observed subjective experiences.
‘N-Angle’: Clinical Indicator for Predictable Insertion of Ramal Bone Screws
Authors: Patni Vivek J , Kolge Neeraj E , Pednekar Madhura J
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The primary concern in the placement of ramal bone screws is the blind nature of the procedure, as there is a thick, mobile layer of soft tissue over the bone; also, the ramus is not a uniplanar structure but is swerving like a propeller blade. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of establishing clinical guidelines based on visible dental and soft-tissue landmarks for safe, reliable, and accurate insertion of ramal bone screws.

Aims and Objectives:

Our primary objective was to evaluate the angle formed between the appropriate direction of ramal-implant placement and the line tangential to the buccal surfaces of the first and second permanent molars. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the average distance of the neurovascular bundle from the tip of the bone screw.

Materials and Methods:

We obtained 80 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) samples, marked reference lines and points on selected axial and coronal sections, and evaluated the following parameters using the software’s linear- and angular-measurement device: the angle between the appropriate direction of ramal bone screw placement and the line tangential to the buccal surfaces of the first and second permanent molars; and the proximity of the bone screw to the neurovascular bundle.

Results:

The angle between the constructed line of insertion and the occlusal line, as evaluated from our study, was 19.04 (SD ± 6.89) degrees. The proximity of the neurovascular bundle from the screw is 7.1773 (SD ± 1.73988) mm.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that ramal bone screws can be placed with a comfortable margin of safety.
Discovering the secrets of leadership success: Comparing commercial and academic preoccupations
Authors: Maskor Mazlan , Steffens Niklas K , Peters Kim , Haslam S Alexander
Published: March 2021

Having access to the “secrets” of leadership promises to be immensely valuable to those wishing to lead. But what are these “secrets”? In this study, we examined the types of non-academic theorizing (communicated as leadership “secrets”) that writings for a general audience convey. A content analysis of 131 commercial books on leadership “secrets” revealed seven major “secrets” that pertained to (1) knowledge and learning, (2) habits, behaviors, and practices, (3) handling failure, challenges, and struggle, (4) personal inspiration, drive, and motivation, (5) team, group, and organizational strategy, (6) choices and decisions, and (7) communication skills. Intriguingly, the prevalence of leadership “secrets” varied in a cyclical pattern across time such that some “secrets” lost prominence in one period only to reemerge in another. We also observed a considerable degree of correspondence between the foci of topics in these commercial outlets and the foci of academic publications.

JEL Classification: J24, O15, M12
Aseptic Revision and Reoperation Risks After Meniscectomy at the Time of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Young Edmond P. , Chan Priscilla H. , Prentice Heather A. , Amar Karun , Hurvitz Andrew P. , Khan Najeeb A.
Published: March 2021

Background:

An intact meniscus is considered a secondary stabilizer of the knee after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). While loss of the meniscus can increase forces on the anterior cruciate ligament graft after reconstruction, it is unclear whether this increased loading affects the success of the graft after ACLR.

Purpose:

To identify the risk of subsequent knee surgery when meniscectomy, either partial or total, is performed at the time of index ACLR.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We conducted a matched cohort study using data from the Kaiser Permanente Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Registry. Patients were identified who had a primary ACLR performed between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2016, with up to 12 years of follow-up. The study sample comprised patients with ACLR who had a lateral meniscectomy (n = 2581), medial meniscectomy (n = 1802), or lateral and medial meniscectomies (n = 666). For each meniscectomy subgroup, patients with ACLR alone were matched to patients with a meniscectomy on a number of patient and procedure characteristics. After the application of matching, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the risk of aseptic revision, while competing risks regression was used to evaluate the risk of cause-specific ipsilateral reoperation between meniscectomy and ACLR alone. Analysis was performed for each meniscectomy subgroup.

Results:

After the application of matching, we failed to observe a difference in aseptic revision risk for patients with ACLR and a meniscectomy—lateral (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.02), medial (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.70-1.29), or both (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.77-2.04)—as compared with ACLR alone. When compared with patients who had ACLR alone, patients with a lateral meniscectomy had a higher risk for subsequent lateral meniscectomy (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.18-3.02; P = .008), and those with a medial meniscectomy had a lower risk for manipulation under anesthesia (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .041).

Conclusion:

No difference in aseptic revision risk was observed for patients undergoing primary ACLR between groups with and without meniscectomy at the time of index surgery. Partial lateral meniscectomy at the time of index ACLR did associate with a higher risk of subsequent lateral meniscectomy.
Eligibility and patient barriers to peritoneal dialysis in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Abdulkarim Saleem , Shah Jasmit , Twahir Ahmed , Sokwala Ahmed P
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in Kenya and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. While definitive treatment is renal transplantation, many patients require kidney replacement therapy with haemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD). The predominant modality utilized in Kenya is currently HD. There is a need to explore why PD remains underutilized and whether patient factors may be contributory to barriers that limit the uptake of PD.

Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study where patients with advanced CKD were assessed by a multidisciplinary team for PD eligibility using a standardized tool. Contraindications and barriers to the modality were recorded as was the presence or absence of support for the provision of PD. Demographic and clinical data were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. The impact of support on PD eligibility was determined.

Results:

We found that 68.9% patients were eligible for PD. Surgery-related abdominal scarring was the most common contraindication. Barriers to PD were identified in 45.9% and physical barriers were more common than cognitive barriers. Presence of support was associated with a significant increase in PD eligibility ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The rate of eligibility for PD in this study was similar to that found in other populations. Surgical-related factors were the most commonly identified contraindication. Physical and cognitive barriers were commonly identified and may be overcome by the presence of support for PD.
Identifying Training Needs and Active Information Opportunities in Primary Care Through the Analysis of Drug Information Requests
Authors: Salgado Teresa M. , Barker Melissa R. , Frerichs Jon D. , Musselman Kerri T. , Dixon Dave L. , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Drug information (DI) services should work toward efficiency by identifying knowledge gaps and actively creating resources to address those needs. The aim was to identify training needs and active information opportunities in primary care by analyzing DI requests and to calculate labor cost associated with DI requests addressable with training or active information.

Methods:

DI requests received in 2016 and 2017 by ambulatory care pharmacists were independently classified by 2 authors into: training (i.e., delivery of content meant to be retained as knowledge and used when needed); active information (i.e., resources created preemptively and consulted when needed); or passive information (i.e., not addressable with training or active information). Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa. Median time spent by category and across practice settings/professional types was compared using bivariate analysis. Thematic analysis categorized specific training and active DI requests and labor costs were calculated.

Results:

Of 2,041 DI requests, 330 (16.2%) were classified as training, 454 (22.2%) active information, and 1257 (61.6%) passive information (kappa = 0.769). Median (IQR) time to resolve requests was 5 (2-10) mins for training, 5 (3-11) active information, and 10 (4-15) passive information. Pharmacists spent 132.1 hrs = $8,956.98 answering questions addressable with training or active information. Areas warranting training or active information included: controlled substances, immunizations, patient assistance programs, policy/regulations, medication preparation/administration, storage/stability, disposal, availability/ordering medications, and patient-related resources.

Conclusion:

Several opportunities for training and active information were identified. Despite the single-institution nature, the method described can serve as an example for other institutions.
Experimental study and numerical simulation for the interaction between laser and PEEK with different crystallinity
Authors: Tian Renjie , Zhu Guangming , Lv Yuwei , Wu Taotao , Ren Tianning , Ma Zhiliang , Zhang Shuang
Published: March 2021

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) sheets with the thickness of 0.5 mm were prepared by compression molding process using Victrex PEEK-450PF, and then PEEK sheets with different crystallinities were obtained by controlling the cooling rate. The optical characteristics of the samples were respectively measured by laser power meter, UV-VIS-IR spectrophotometer. And with the process parameters of laser power density of 245 W/cm2 and moving speed of 5 mm/s, the effect of crystallinity on the laser energy absorption of PEEK and the influence of laser irradiation on the crystallization properties of PEEK sheets were systematically studied. Finally, numerical model of laser energy absorption by PEEK was constructed with COMSOL software. The results show that the reflectivity of PEEK will increase with the increase of crystallinity, while the transmittance decreases. The pure PEEK sheets do not strongly absorb the laser at the wavelength of 1070 nm and the amorphous PEEK is more likely to be ablated. Carbonized samples during the laser irradiation was taken for XRD test and found to be amorphous. After laser irradiation, the crystallinity of the semi-crystalline PEEK material will decrease, but the originally amorphous peek crystallinity will increase slightly. Besides, the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Design and manufacture of tube type nonhollow linear generators for suspension systems of electric and hybrid cars
Authors: Güneş Haluk
Published: March 2021

In this study, design of tube type linear generator, which can generate electricity from suspension systems of electrical vehicles, has been realised. Information about widely-used suspension systems has been given and advantages and disadvantages of linear type electro-magnetic dumpers have been mentioned. Analytic design of tube type linear generator has been made for passive suspension system. In line with obtained sizing parameters, numerical analyses have been made in Ansys-Maxwell programme and results of such analyses have been examined. Prototype of analyzed tube type linear generator has been made. Measurements of magnetic flux density and simulation results in air gap have been compared. The linear generator designed has been applied for passive suspension. The experiments of the linear generator with 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 130 mm stroke length were performed, respectively. During the experiments, a frequency range of 1 Hz to 5 Hz was chosen. The highest speed was 1,3 m/s and the generated pk-pk voltage value was 37.7 volts. The speed value of the generator changes according to the road condition. Therefore, a converter is needed for battery charging after the generator output voltage is rectified.
Evidence for a winter-snowpack derived water source for the Fremont maize farmers of Range Creek Canyon, Utah, USA
Authors: Hart Isaac Alfred , Brenner-Coltrain Joan , Boomgarden Shannon , Brunelle Andrea , Coats Larry , Metcalfe Duncan , Lewis Michael
Published: March 2021

We present results of multiproxy analysis of a sediment core collected from Billy Slope Meadow, a spring-fed wet meadow in Range Creek Canyon, Utah. Range Creek Canyon was the home to Fremont maize farmers between roughly 1200 and 800 cal BP (AD 750–1150). Stable carbon isotope analysis of core sediments from Billy Slope Meadow indicate the Billy Slope Meadow site was used as a field for maize agriculture during that time. Some scholars have suggested the florescence of the Fremont culture may have been driven by increased summer precipitation, which improved the economic profitability of dry farming maize. But analysis of pollen, macroscopic charcoal and sediment geochemistry from Billy Slope Meadow, and a comparison with a local tree-ring chronology indicate the Fremont period in Range Creek Canyon was probably marked by reduced summer precipitation, and not an invigorated monsoon. The Fremont maize farmers of Range Creek Canyon therefore likely used winter snowpack-derived water from Range Creek for maize agriculture. This observation has significant implications, as using creek water rather than direct precipitation and runoff necessitates the construction of dams irrigation infrastructure, limited evidence for which has been reported by archaeologists working in the Fremont region.
Differences in quality of life in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus with varying income levels
Authors: Joseph Adrienne , Prasad Smriti , Hynan Linda S. , Chren Mary-Margaret , Chong Benjamin
Published: March 2021

Background

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune photosensitive skin condition. The impact of income on quality of life has been incompletely characterized in CLE.

Objectives

We aimed to assess how annual income affects quality of life among CLE patients.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study of 238 patients with CLE, relationships between predictor variables including annual income and each SKINDEX-29 + 3 subdomain were identified using univariate and multivariable analyses. In addition, answers to individual SKINDEX-29 + 3 questions were compared across income groups. Clinical factors in patients making less than <10,000 USD (N = 85) with worse SKINDEX-29 + 3 scores were also identified by univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results

Patients making <10,000 USD annually experienced worse quality of life across multiple SKINDEX-29 + 3 subdomains (p < 0.05). These patients specifically experienced poorer quality of life relating to social isolation and self-consciousness. (p < 0.001). Among those making <10,000 USD, predictors for worse quality of life included females, smokers, and those with higher skin disease activity were identified (p < 0.05). Limitations: This is a single center study. Income was also self-reported and could not be verified.

Conclusions

Lower income is related to poorer quality of life in patients with CLE. Specifically, patients experience limitations regarding social isolation and self-consciousness.
Nurses’ perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients
Authors: Rafiq Nasreen , Arthur David , Rahim Shirin , Amarsi Yasmin , Ndirangu Eunice
Published: March 2021

Background:

The intensive and critical care units are high-dependency areas, with patients requiring complex care. The intubated status of the intensive and critical care patients makes them dependent on healthcare providers not only for acute care, but also for intimate care, imposing a threat to their dignity. Nurses, being the central care providers, become the stakeholders for dignity promotion. The incorporation of dignity in patient care improves the quality of care, and promotes the health and well-being of intubated patients.

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to explore nurses’ perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients in the intensive and critical care units.

Research design:

A qualitative descriptive exploratory study design was used to explore the nurses’ perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients.

Participants and research context:

The intensive and critical care nurses of a tertiary care hospital were recruited using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, using a semi-structured interview guide. The findings were manually analyzed into themes and categories through content analysis.

Ethical consideration:

The study was conducted after the approval from the Ethical Review Committee of the Aga Khan University.

Findings:

Four major themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) two sides of the contemporary nursing practice; (2) benefits of dignified nursing care; (3) challenges to the dignity of intubated patients; and (4) strategies for promoting the dignity of intubated patients.

Discussion:

Dignity incorporates both the science and the art of nursing. The provision of dignified care is the core component of the quality nursing care and patient well-being in the high-dependency units.

Conclusion:

This is the first exploratory and descriptive study conducted in Pakistan that explored the nurses’ perceptions about the dignity of intubated patients, and also generated contextual understanding about the phenomenon.
Effect of calf age on bovine viral diarrhea virus tests
Authors: McDougall Scott
Published: March 2021

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic loss in cattle. Detection of persistently infected (PI) animals is an important control measure, but persistence of maternal antibodies may result in false-negative test results. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of 2 antigen ELISAs (Idexx BVDV Ag/Serum Plus and BVDV PI X2) and a reverse-transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR; Idexx RealPCR BVDV) assay for detecting PI calves. Ear notch samples were collected from 1,030 calves ~3, 10, 24, and 38 d old (days 3, 10, 24, and 38). All day 38 samples were tested using 2 antigen ELISAs and RT-rtPCR, and any calf that tested positive by any of these tests was blood sampled at ~100 d old (day 100) for antigen and antibody testing by ELISA; samples collected on days 3, 10, and 24 were tested using the antigen ELISAs and PCR. Calves were defined as PI if they were test-positive on day 38 by either ELISA or PCR and were antigen-positive on day 100. Twenty-six calves were PCR BVDV test–positive and one was BVDV PI X2 ELISA–positive at day 38. Five calves were defined as PI, and all tested positive by ELISAs and RT-PCR assay on days 3, 10, and 24. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both antigen ELISAs and 96.7% and 100%, respectively, by RT-rtPCR. Test results were not affected by calf age, suggesting that testing for PI calves can be undertaken at any age.
The Development of the CASVE-CQ: A CIP Perspective on Assessing Decision-Making Progress
Authors: Werner Brianna , Bullock-Yowell Emily , Mohn Richard , Leuty Melanie , Dahlen Eric
Published: March 2021

The CASVE-Cycle Questionnaire (CASVE-CQ) was developed to assess career decision-making progress and operationalizes the Cognitive Information Processing Theory’s CASVE Cycle decision-making approach. Development occurred across three unique studies. In the pilot study’s college student sample ( N = 323) and initial adult sample ( N = 427), two exploratory factor analyses supported a theoretically consistent six-factor solution. A confirmatory factor analysis in the second adult sample ( N = 342) confirmed the factor structure, resulting in a 42-item measure with six subscales. A second-order factor analysis assessed the utility of a CASVE-CQ total score. Consistent with theory, this model did not converge, and a total score for the CASVE-CQ was not supported. Supporting the validity of the CASVE-CQ as a decision-making progress measure, greater decision-making activity in each phase/subscale was associated with lower career decision-making difficulties, stable vocational identity, and greater career commitment. Continued test development steps and theory, research, and practice implications, are discussed.
Naming Silence and Inadequate Obstetric Care as Obstetric Violence is a Necessary Step for Change
Authors: Salter Cynthia L. , Olaniyan Abisola , Mendez Dara D. , Chang Judy C.
Published: March 2021

This response article addresses the questions raised in “How Gentle Must Violence Against Women be in Order to not be Violent? Rethinking the Word ‘Violence; in Obstetric Settings” and concludes that naming violence is critical for describing people’s experiences of such violence and for addressing the structures and contexts that create and fuel such violence, not for judgment but for accountability and change. Impact, outcome, and, at times, processes—rather than intention—should underpin applications of the term violence; naming violence does not disempower women, but rather naming structural, systemic, and institutional violence demands acknowledgment, accountability, and responsibility for its effects on both patients and clinicians; and, finally, while the unintended consequences of using such a term may present challenges, they do not outweigh the importance of naming structural violence in health-related systems to identify practices and processes that discriminate, disempower, harm, and oppress.
Psychoeducation Intervention Effectiveness to Improve Social Skills in Young People with ADHD: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Powell Lauren Amy , Parker Jack , Weighall Anna , Harpin Valerie
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be associated with limited understanding of the condition and poor social skills. Some evidence favors a psychoeducational approach, but little is known about the effectiveness of psychoeducation.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing psychoeducational interventions that aim to improve social skills of young people with ADHD.

Results:

Ten studies, including 943 participants, reported across 13 papers met the inclusion criteria. Although effect sizes were small, findings suggest the included interventions significantly improved social skills in young people with ADHD.

Conclusions:

Results show promise for psychoeducational behavioral interventions . However, the recommendations that can be developed from existing evidence are somewhat limited by the low quality of studies. Further rigorous trials are needed. In addition, future research should consider the long-term outcomes for these interventions, they should be iteratively co-designed and research should consider the context they intend to be delivered in.
Is Screen Time Throughout Adolescence Related to ADHD? Findings from 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Soares Pedro San Martin , de Oliveira Paula Duarte , Wehrmeister Fernando César , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Gonçalves Helen
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This study investigated the association between screen time in adolescence and Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) at 22 years old.

Method:

A sample of 2333 participants aged 11 years old without ADHD from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study (Brazil) was followed up until the age of 22. Screen time variables included time spent in television, video game and computer at 11, 15, and 18 years old. ADHD was assessed at 22 years.

Results:

ADHD symptoms at 22 years was positively associated with television time at 11 years, computer time at 18 years and total screen time at ages 11, 15, and 18 years. Television time at 11 years and total screen time at 18 years were associated with diagnosis of ADHD at 22 years of age.

Conclusions:

Our findings may contribute to future investigations of possible explanatory avenues for these associations.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Prescribing Trends of Drugs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care England, 2010–2019
Authors: Hasan Syed Shahzad , Bal Nimrata , Baker Isabelle , Kow Chia Siang , Khan Muhammad Umair
Published: March 2021

Objective:

We investigated the prescription trends and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of ADHD drugs in primary care, England between 2010 and 2019.

Methods:

The Prescription Cost Analysis database presenting the primary care prescriptions data and the Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles presenting all suspected ADRs reported for each drug were screened. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis to examine the annual average change per year.

Results:

The prescription items dispensed for ADHD showed an average 11.07% (95% CI 10.54–11.60, p = .001) increase per year and there was a mean 11.54% (95% CI 11.03–12.06, p = .001) increase per year in the costs. The overall reporting of serious and fatal ADR was reduced by 1.79% per year for ADHD drugs. Guanfacine showed a 40% mean increase per year.

Conclusion:

The increasing use of ADHD drugs within primary care in England could be a result of multiple factors such as growing ADHD prevalence.
Positive Child Personality Factors in Children with ADHD
Authors: Hai Tasmia , Climie Emma A.
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. While previous studies have shown substantial impact of ADHD across multiple domains, relatively little attention has been devoted to studying positive personality factors in individuals with ADHD. To address this, the current study examined strength-based factors in children with ADHD in relation to their social skills.

Method:

Sixty-four children (aged 8–12 years) with ADHD completed questionnaires related to their social skills and strength-based factors (e.g., optimism, resilience, self-concept, and coping skills).

Results:

Findings indicated significant differences between different levels of social skills in children with ADHD, with children with higher social skills reporting higher levels of resiliency, greater behavioral competence, and greater prosocial attitudes than those with lower social skills.

Conclusions:

The results highlight the importance of fostering strong social skills in children with ADHD, leading them to perceive themselves as competent and resilient.
Racial bias confrontation in the United States: What (if anything) has changed in the COVID-19 era, and where do we go from here?
Authors: Marshburn Christopher K. , Folberg Abigail M. , Crittle Chelsea , Maddox Keith B.
Published: March 2021

Contemporary racial inequities rooted in historically biased systems (e.g., policing) have largely been confronted by those directly affected. We argue, however, that the US response to the COVID-19 pandemic created a context that led many White Americans to recognize the direct impact that systems and structures have on individuals – particularly in the case of systemic anti-Black racism. This recognition was accompanied by large-scale confrontation actions (in the form of mass protests) throughout the US. The current article uses the Confronting Prejudiced Responses (CPR) model to outline conditions that fostered White Americans’ shift in awareness surrounding racial inequity and the consequences of this perception change. Furthermore, we describe how reactions to confrontation efforts may depend on the messenger, message, modality and audience. Finally, we provide recommendations for individuals and organizations to support confrontation efforts aimed at reducing biased behavior and policies.
Leadership to defeat COVID-19
Authors: Antonakis John
Published: March 2021

Defeating COVID-19 will not happen only via efforts of scientists working on vaccines or new treatments and interventions. Key to winning this battle is to convince citizens to take the needed precautions and to follow scientific advice to stop the spread of the virus and to protect those who are vulnerable to it. Thus, leaders, especially political leaders, play a critical role in coordinating the efforts of individuals who often have private interests to act as they wish, but who expect to benefit from the efforts of others who contribute to the public good. To deal with this unprecedented challenge, I discuss the importance of leadership, particularly charismatic leadership, which is well suited to solving problems in situations of ambiguity and crisis. I also exhort researchers to pay more attention to studying leadership using robust and causally identified designs that can inform policy.
The effects of COVID-19 on virtual working within online groups
Authors: Blanchard Anita L.
Published: March 2021

Employees may continue to work remotely for a substantial amount of time, even after the end of the pandemic. Our established theories of group processes and intergroup relations can help us understand these new ways of working and online group experiences. However, there are key differences in computer-mediated and face-to-face (FtF) groups. In this essay, I present some of the extant robust theories and findings from computer communication research to understand virtual working within online groups. These perspectives include that group processes develop over a longer period of time as compared to FtF, informal communication is neglected, computer-mediated groups have some advantages over FtF groups, sociomateriality is a useful theoretical lens, and dispersion affects group member cognitions about each other. I use my own lab’s work on entitativity as an example of how moving from FtF to online group research can deepen our understanding of both FtF and online groups. The essay concludes with recommendations for future research.
Future research avenues to facilitate social connectedness and safe collective behavior at organized crowd events
Authors: Templeton Anne
Published: March 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, organizers of crowd events must facilitate physical distancing in environments where attendees previously enjoyed being close with ingroup members, encourage accurate perception of health risks and close adherence to safety guidance, and stop expected normative behaviors that may now be unsafe. Research from crowd psychology demonstrates how group processes are integral to each of these issues. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, has created an extreme case environment in which to evaluate the collective findings from previous research and identify future research directions. This paper outlines how organizers of crowd events and researchers can work together to further develop our understanding of social connectedness in crowds, reasons for risk-taking behavior, and level of engagement in new collective behaviors. By working together to address these issues, practitioners and researchers can develop our understanding of crowd processes and improve safety at future crowd events.
Performing a walking holiday: Routing, immersing and co-dwelling
Authors: Rabbiosi Chiara
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the relationship between space, material practices, cognitive work and the emotions at work during a personal walking holiday as a way of contributing to a wider debate on walking tourism. In doing so, this article revises the concept of ‘dwelling-in-motion’ and employs a mobile perspective that combines both the phenomenological and post-phenomenological approaches to tourism and walking studies, focusing on pace and rhythm, mundane technology and affective atmospheres. These are aspects that become entangled in walking touristscapes as they are produced and challenged by routing, immersive and co-dwelling performances. The article concludes by suggesting that, not only can a ‘mobile ontology’ provide a more thorough account of walking tourism, it can also highlight the importance of understanding the place-making potential of walking tourism as a complex tourist mobility practice for which both precognitive and cognitive implications should be considered.
Metal burial: Understanding caching behaviour and contact material culture in Australia's NE Kimberley
Authors: Harper Sam , Waina Ian , Chalarimeri Ambrose , Ouzman Sven , Porr Martin , Heaney Pauline , Veth Peter , Akerman Kim ,   Balanggarra Aboriginal Corporation
Published: March 2021

This paper explores identity and the recursive impacts of cross-cultural colonial encounters on individuals, cultural materials, and cultural practices in 20th-century northern Australia. We focus on an assemblage of cached metal objects and associated cultural materials that embody both Aboriginal tradition and innovation. These cultural materials were wrapped in paperbark and placed within a ring of stones, a bundling practice also seen in human burials in this region. This ‘cache' is located in close proximity to rockshelters with rich, superimposed Aboriginal rock art compositions. However, the cache shelter has no visible art, despite available wall space. The site shows the utilisation of metal objects as new raw materials that use traditional techniques to manufacture a ground edge metal axe and to sharpen metal rods into spears. We contextualise these objects and their hypothesised owner(s) within narratives of invasion/contact and the ensuing pastoral history of this region. Assemblage theory affords us an appropriate theoretical lens through which to bring people, places, objects, and time into conversation.