bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hemoglobin A1c With Fasting Plasma Glucose and 2-h Postchallenge Glucose for Risk Stratification Among Women With Recent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kim Catherine , Herman William H. , Cheung N. Wah , Gunderson Erica P. , Richardson Caroline
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

Postpartum testing with a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alone is often not performed among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Use of hemoglobin A1c (A1C) might increase testing. The association between A1C and glucose has not been examined in women with histories of GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We assessed the association of A1C ≥5.7% with FPG ≥100 mg/dL and 2-h glucose ≥140 mg/dL among 54 women with histories of GDM between 6 weeks and 36 months postpartum.

RESULTS

A1C ≥5.7% had 65% sensitivity and 68% specificity for identifying elevated FPG or 2-h glucose and 75% sensitivity and 62% specificity for elevated FPG alone. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for A1C was 0.76 for elevated FPG or 2-h glucose and 0.77 for elevated FPG alone.

CONCLUSIONS

The agreement between A1C and glucose levels is fair for detection of abnormal glucose tolerance among women with histories of GDM.
Development of Autoantibodies in the TrialNet Natural History Study
Authors: Vehik Kendra , Beam Craig A. , Mahon Jeffrey L. , Schatz Desmond A. , Haller Michael J. , Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Krischer Jeffrey P. ,   for the TrialNet Natural History Study Group
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE

Understanding the relationship between age and islet autoantibody (Ab) seroconversion can establish the optimal screening interval(s) to assess risk for type 1 diabetes, identify subjects who can participate in prevention trials, and determine associated costs. This study assessed the rates of seroconversion to glutamic acid decarboxylase positive (GAD65+), insulin positive (mIAA+), and insulinoma-associated protein 2 positive (ICA512+) in a large cohort of relatives of type 1 diabetes probands undergoing Ab rescreening in the TrialNet Natural History Study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Of 32,845 children aged <18 years screened for Abs, 1,287 (3.9%) were GAD65+, 778 (2.4%) were mIAA+, 677 (2.1%) were ICA512+, and 31,038 were Ab-negative. Ab-negative children were offered annual rescreening up to 18 years of age. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk for GAD65, mIAA, and ICA512 seroconversion.

RESULTS

There were 205 children who seroconverted to GAD65+, 155 who seroconverted to mIAA+, and 53 who seroconverted to ICA512+ over 5.8 years of follow-up. The risk of mIAA (hazard ratio 0.89 [95% CI 0.85–0.92]) and GAD65 (0.96 [0.93–0.99]) seroconversion significantly decreased with increasing age (i.e., for each 1-year increase in age, the risk of seroconversion decreased by 11% [P < 0.0001] for mIAA and 4% [P = 0.04] for GAD65) across all ages. The cumulative Ab seroconversion was 2% for those <10 years of age versus 0.7% for those ≥10 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of development of islet Abs declines with increasing age in type 1 diabetes relatives. These data support annual screening for children <10 years of age and one additional screening in adolescence.
A trichotomy result for non-autonomous rational difference equations
Authors: Palladino Frank , Radin Michael
Published: July 2011

We study non-autonomous rational difference equations. Under the assumption of a periodic non-autonomous parameter, we show that a well known trichotomy result in the autonomous case is preserved in a certain sense which is made precise in the body of the text. In addition we discuss some questions regarding whether periodicity preserves or destroys boundedness.
Constant curvature coefficients and exact solutions in fractional gravity and geometric mechanics
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Vacaru Sergiu
Published: July 2011

We present a study of fractional configurations in gravity theories and Lagrange mechanics. The approach is based on a Caputo fractional derivative which gives zero for actions on constants. We elaborate fractional geometric models of physical interactions and we formulate a method of nonholonomic deformations to other types of fractional derivatives. The main result of this paper consists of a proof that, for corresponding classes of nonholonomic distributions, a large class of physical theories are modelled as nonholonomic manifolds with constant matrix curvature. This allows us to encode the fractional dynamics of interactions and constraints into the geometry of curve flows and solitonic hierarchies.
Numerical Simulation of Glider Crash Against a Non-Deformable Barrier
Authors: Lindstedt Lukasz
Published: July 2011

Numerical Simulation of Glider Crash Against a Non-Deformable Barrier

This study, describing computer simulation of a glider crash against a non-deformable ground barrier, is a part of a larger glider crash modeling project. The studies were intended to develop a numerical model of the pilot - glider - environment system, whereby the dynamics of the human body and the composite cockpit structure during a crash would make it possible to analyze flight accidents with focus on the pilot's safety. Notwithstanding that accidents involving glider crash against a rigid barrier (a wall, for example) are not common, establishing a simulation model for such event may prove quite useful considering subsequent research projects. First, it is much easier to observe the process of composite cockpit structure destruction if the crash is against a rigid barrier. Furthermore, the use of a non-deformable barrier allows one to avoid the errors that are associated with the modeling of a deformable substrate, which in most cases in quite problematic. Crash test simulation, carried out using a MAYMO package, involved a glider crash against a wall positioned perpendicularly to the object moving at a speed of 77 km/h. Computations allowed for determination of time intervals of the signals that are required to assess the behavior of the cockpit and pilot's body - accelerations and displacements in selected points of the glider's structure and loads applied to the pilot's body: head and chest accelerations, forces at femur, lumbar spine and safety belts. Computational results were compared with the results of a previous experimental test that had been designed to verify the numerical model. The glider's cockpit was completely destroyed in the crash and the loads transferred to the pilot's body were very substantial - way over the permitted levels. Since modeling results are fairly consistent with the experimental test, the numerical model can be used for simulation of plane crashes in the future.
The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania)
Authors: Manu Minodora
Published: July 2011

The influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the predator mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from natural forest ecosystems of Bucegi Massif (Romania)

The ecological research was made in 2001-2003, in Bucegi Massif, in three natural forest ecosystems withPicea abies, Abies albaandFagus sylvatica. In order to show the influence of some environmental factors on the species diversity of the investigated soil mites, the following abiotic parameters at soil level were analysed: temperature, humidity and pH. The species diversity (with Shannon-Wiener index) and the equitability were calculated. Taking account of the bio-edaphical conditions, the studied soil mite diversity had a various evolution. In spatial dynamics, the ecosystem withAbies albaoffered better conditions for a species diversity (78 identified species), in comparison with ecosystem withPicea abies(67 identified species), where, due to a high altitude and to the big slope, this parameter had the most decreased values. In the ecosystem withFagus sylvatica, the diversity showed the presence of 71 species. At the soil level, the litter and fermentation layer was a favorable habitat for development of the soil mite populations. In temporal dynamics, these parameters had recorded seasonal fluctuations. All these aspects are due to the different bioedaphical conditions, specific to each studied natural ecosystem.
The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania)
Authors: Pocora Irina , Pocora Viorel
Published: July 2011

The use by bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) of various habitat types in Moldova and the Danube Delta (Romania)

Our investigations were carried out in Moldova and the Danube Delta areas during summer periods of 2006-2010. The habitat types which were investigated were: 23 humid areas, 13 woodlands, 7 settlements - streetlamps, 25 car transects. Woodlands and humid areas are the most important habitat types to the majority of bat species, whereas the habitats along roads (mostly made in open areas) are less important.Pipistrellus kuhliiandNyctalus noctula, alsoEptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus leisleriandVespertilio murinusproved generalists in using foraging habitats, these species being most frequently recorded. In the humid areas,Nyctalus noctula(25.2%),Myotissp. (24%) andPipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii(22.3%) are the most abundant species. In the woodlands,Nyctalus noctulais the most abundant species (19.5%), followed byPipistrellus nathusii/Pipistrellus kuhlii(17.6%) andMyotissp. (11.2%). Along the roads,Nyctalus noctula(44%) andEptesicus serotinus(13.2%) are the most abundant species. At the streetlamps,Nyctalus noctula(45.4%) andNyctalus leisleri(12.8%) are the most abundant species. In the settlements,Pipistrellus kuhlii(26%) andNyctalus noctula(23%) are the most abundant species.
The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland
Authors: Manole Traian , Banaszak Józef , Ratyńska Halina , Ionescu-Mălăncuş Irina , Petrescu Eugenia , Mărgărit Gabriela
Published: July 2011

The importance of forest islands for invertebrate biodiversity: a case study in Western Poland

Ecological landscape studies are carried out concerning the ecosystem biocenosis restore and conservation and to define the ecological terms like "ecosystem services" which have increasingly caught the interest of both environmental researchers and policy makers. Ecosystems, if properly protected and maintained, provide a wide array of valuable services to humans, ranging from the air purification by carbon sequestration to preserve biodiversity of natural capital. The agricultural landscape predominating in Western and Central Europe occupies a significant place in Poland deciding, to a large extent, about the quality of the whole natural environment. Forest island studies were carried out in the agricultural landscape of Western Poland, 15 km north-east of Poznań town. Ten forest islands of varying size (from 0.5 ha to 1.5 ha) were investigated. Flora and plant communities of small forests were examined and 58 plant associations were found. Small areas of forest islands became the refuges of forest plant species and invertebrate fauna in an agricultural landscape. Differentiation, number and domination structure of invertebrate fauna (Acari, Araneae, Apoidea and Curculionidae) were studied. The studied forest islands provide suitable conditions for survival and reproduction of many animal species, and for other accidental species which use these areas for feeding or as a temporary shelter.
Biomechanical and Clinical Factors Related to Stage I Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Rabbito Melissa , Pohl Michael B. , Humble Neil , Ferber Reed
Published: July 2011

Study Design

Case control.

Objectives

To investigate differences in arch height, ankle muscle strength, and biomechanical factors in individuals with stage I posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) in comparison to healthy individuals.

Background

PTTD is a progressive condition, so early recognition and treatment are essential to help delay or reverse the progression. However, no previous studies have investigated stage I PTTD, and no single study has measured static anatomical structure, muscle strength, and gait mechanics in this population.

Methods

Twelve individuals with stage I PTTD and 12 healthy, age- and gender-matched control subjects, who were engaged in running-related activities, participated in this study. Measurements of arch height index, maximum voluntary ankle invertor muscle strength, and 3-dimensional rearfoot and medial longitudinal arch kinematics during walking were obtained.

Results

The runners with PTTD demonstrated significantly lower seated arch height index (P = .02) and greater (P = .03) and prolonged (P = .05) peak rearfoot eversion angle during gait, compared to the healthy runners. No differences were found in standing arch height index values (P = .28), arch rigidity index (P = .06), ankle invertor strength (P = .49), or peak medial longitudinal arch values (P = .49) between groups.

Conclusion

The increased foot pronation is hypothesized to place greater strain on the posterior tibialis muscle, which may partially explain the progressive nature of this condition. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(10):776–784, Epub 12 July 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3545
Rediscovery of Osbeckia truncata D. Don ex Wight & Arn. (Melastomaceae) in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Zashim , Alam Md Fakhrul , Hassan Md Abul
Published: July 2011

Osbeckia truncata D. Don ex Wight & Arn., (Melastomaceae) rediscovered after more than one hundred years from Fashiakhali wildlife sanctuary of Chakaria Upazila of Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh. Key words: Osbeckia truncata; Melastomaceae; Rediscovery; Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i1.8005 Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(1): 101-103, 2011 (June)
Two Domains of Vimentin Are Expressed on the Surface of Lymph Node, Bone and Brain Metastatic Prostate Cancer Lines along with the Putative Stem Cell Marker Proteins CD44 and CD133
Authors: Steinmetz Nicole F. , Maurer Jochen , Sheng Huiming , Bensussan Armand , Maricic Igor , Kumar Vipin , Braciak Todd A.
Published: July 2011

Vimentin was originally identified as an intermediate filament protein present only as an intracellular component in many cell types. However, this protein has now been detected on the surface of a number of different cancer cell types in a punctate distribution pattern. Increased vimentin expression has been indicated as an important step in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) required for the metastasis of prostate cancer. Here, using two vimentin-specific monoclonal antibodies (SC5 and V9 directed against the coil one rod domain and the C-terminus of the vimentin protein, respectively), we examined whether either of these domains would be displayed on the surface of three commonly studied prostate cancer cell lines isolated from different sites of metastases. Confocal analysis of LNCaP, PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines (derived from lymph node, bone or brain prostate metastases, respectively) demonstrated that both domains of vimentin are present on the surface of these metastatic cancer cell types. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that vimentin expression was readily detected along with CD44 expression but only a small subpopulation of prostate cancer cells expressed vimentin and the putative stem cell marker CD133 along with CD44. Finally, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles that target vimentin could bind and internalize into tested prostate cancer cell lines. These results demonstrate that at least two domains of vimentin are present on the surface of metastatic prostate cancer cells and suggest that vimentin could provide a useful target for nanoparticle- or antibody- cancer therapeutic agents directed against highly invasive cancer and/or stem cells.
Self-Assembled Lipoplexes of Short Interfering RNA (siRNA) Using Spermine-Based Fatty Acid Amide Guanidines: Effect on Gene Silencing Efficiency
Authors: Metwally Abdelkader A. , Blagbrough Ian S.
Published: July 2011

Four guanidine derivatives of N4,N9-diacylated spermine have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These guanidine-containing cationic lipids bound siRNA and formed nanoparticles. Two cationic lipids with C18 unsaturated chains, N1,N12-diamidino-N4,N9-dioleoylspermine and N1,N12-diamidino-N4-linoleoyl-N9-oleoylspermine, were more efficient in terms of GFP expression reduction compared to the other cationic lipids with shorter C12 (12:0) and very long C22 (22:1) chains. N1,N12-Diamidino-N4-linoleoyl-N9-oleoylspermine siRNA lipoplexes resulted in GFP reduction (26%) in the presence of serum, and cell viability (64%). These data are comparable to those obtained with TransIT TKO. Thus, cationic lipid guanidines based on N4,N9-diacylated spermines are good candidates for non-viral delivery of siRNA to HeLa cells using self-assembled lipoplexes.
Multimeric, Multifunctional Derivatives of Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Zacchigna Marina , Cateni Francesca , Drioli Sara , Bonora Gian Maria
Published: July 2011

This article reviews the use of multifunctional polymers founded on high-molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The design of new PEG derivatives assembled in a dendrimer-like multimeric fashion or bearing different functionalities on the same molecule is described. Their use as new drug delivery systems based on the conjugation of multiple copies or diversely active drugs on the same biocompatible support is illustrated.
Preuve, expérience et témoignage dans les « sciences du corps »
Authors: Mandressi Rafael
Published: July 2011

La production d’un nouveau savoir morphologique au XVIe siècle se met en place autour d’un régime probatoire fondé sur l’évidence sensorielle. L’administration de la preuve renvoie à une démarche qui consiste à exposer les structures corporelles à la vue d’observateurs nombreux. L’inscription dans les textes de cette modalité de preuve donne lieu à des procédés de démonstration relevant d’un « argument sensorie l» aux figures multiples. Se pose en ce sens la question des procédés intellectuels et des registres discursifs de la preuve dans l’investissement du corps en tant qu’objet de science.
Les géographes et la justice spatiale : généalogie d'une relation compliquée
Authors: Brennetot Arnaud
Published: July 2011

Depuis plusieurs années, la justice spatiale fait l’objet d’une attention renouvelée. Cette tendance ne doit pas masquer d’importants désaccords théoriques. En remontant aux cinquante dernières années, on s’aperçoit que cette notion recouvre des interprétations très différentes selon les auteurs et les époques. Une telle variété reflète la manière dont les géographes qui ont réfléchi à cette question se sont positionnés au sein du débat intellectuel. Ce constat amène à interroger la part normative et idéologique, longtemps refoulée, du discours géographique tout en permettant de montrer que le pluralisme de la géographie contemporaine résulte très largement des engagements éthiques des spécialistes qui la font.
La difficile mutation du modèle de gouvernement des villes au Gabon : analyse à partir de la gestion des déchets à Libreville
Authors: Mboumba Anicet
Published: July 2011

La primauté des administrations centrales dans la gestion des villes africaines est bien connue. La gouvernance, conçue comme mode de gestion pluraliste, a été introduite dans les pays du sud par les bailleurs de fonds, afin d’infléchir le centralisme. Au Gabon, comme dans tous les pays africains, la gouvernance accompagne désormais toutes les réformes qui touchent aux modes de gouvernement des villes, notamment dans le domaine des services de base. Le succès médiatique et politique de cette notion traduit-il pour autant le recul de l’interventionnisme étatique ? L’étude du jeu d’acteurs dans la gestion des déchets à Libreville illustre une évolution majeure : l’association croissante de partenaires privés dans les politiques publiques. Mais elle montre aussi la manière dont les autorités étatiques freinent le désir d’émancipation des autorités municipales et le besoin d’affirmation de la société civile dans les processus décisionnels. Le texte révèle ainsi qu’à l’opposé des discours sur la décentralisation et la bonne gouvernance, le pouvoir central reste dominant dans la gestion des affaires urbaines.
République urbaine et République des Lettres. André Duchesne, Jean Rogier et les significations de l'histoire locale à Reims au XVII e siècle
Authors: Bernstein Hilary J.
Published: July 2011

En 1624, André Duchesne, géographe du roi , à la demande pressante d’amis de la République des Lettres, accepta d’achever une histoire de la ville de Reims. En décembre 1628, cependant, Duchesne abandonna son projet, à la grande déception des membres de l’échevinat et du conseil de ville de Reims, qui espéraient que le résultat de son travail leur apporteraient des éléments utiles à leur lutte contre l’archevêque sur leurs compétences respectives en ce qui concernait la police, les affaires militaires et les juridictions. Bien que les échanges entre Duchesne et les érudits ou les administrateurs locaux n’aient jamais produit l’histoire savante de la ville qu’ils désiraient, ils révèlent l’importance de l’histoire urbaine à la fois pour les élites locales et pour la communauté savante française au sens large, que l’on associe généralement à la République des Lettres. Cet article cherche à montrer que les réseaux amicaux et savants reliaient ces deux communautés bien plus intensément que les historiens ne l’ont pensé jusqu’à présent, et que les projets d’écriture de l’histoire locale ou nationale se renforçaient mutuellement par un partage des idées et des sources. Les tentatives menées pour écrire l’histoire de Reims dans les premières décennies du XVII e siècle permettent de mieux comprendre ces intérêts mutuels et ces relations, même si les nombreux manuscrits et notes produites au cours de ce processus n’ont jamais débouché sur une publication.
L'alambic dans l'Atlantique. Production, commercialisation, et concurrence de l'eau-de-vie de vin et de l'eau de vie de rhum dans l'Atlantique français au XVII e et au début du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Mandelblatt Bertie
Published: July 2011

En 1713, juste après la guerre de Succession d’Espagne, une déclaration du roi interdit la distillation et la distribution d’eaux-de-vie fabriquées à partir d’un autre produit que le vin. Cette loi était le résultat d’un intense lobbying mené par les producteurs d’eaux-de-vie de vin de la façade atlantique du royaume, inquiets pour leur compétitivité sur les marchés étrangers, surtout après des décennies d’embargo anglais sur leurs productions. Le produit visé était le rhum, qui était distillé, soit dans les Antilles françaises, soit en France même, et qui utilisait les sirops de sucre produits dans les îles en quantités qui, au fil des années, croissaient parallèlement à la production de sucre. Cet article étudie d’abord le développement de la compétition entre le rhum français et les eaux-de-vie françaises, à partir de l’histoire parallèle, bien que fortement divergente, de leur passage à la production de masse à partir du milieu du XVII e siècle. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux conséquences de la loi de 1713 qui a limité efficacement la circulation atlantique du rhum français tout au long du XVIII e siècle.
Le service militaire et l'insertion professionnelle des jeunes suivant leur niveau d'étude
Authors: Granier Pierre , Joseph Olivier , Joutard Xavier
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article utilise la suspension de la conscription en France pour évaluer l’effet causal du service national sur différents aspects de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes. Deux aspects novateurs sont plus particulièrement privilégiés : l’hétérogénéité des effets du traitement selon le niveau de sortie des études et l’influence du service national sur la durée cumulée des épisodes d’emploi. Les résultats obtenus révèlent une forte hétérogénéité des rendements de la conscription. Les rendements salariaux sont positifs pour les jeunes sortants sans diplôme du système scolaire et ceux de niveau bac . Ils sont le plus souvent non significatifs pour les autres. Ces rendements positifs s’expliquent à la fois par la faible ampleur de la perte d’expérience professionnelle – la durée cumulée des épisodes d’emploi diminue peu et même augmente pour les non-diplômés – et par un impact positif sur les premiers salaires.
À propos de la tempérance
Authors: Crainich David , Eeckhoudt Louis , Rey Béatrice
Published: July 2011

Résumé La notion de prudence est aujourd’hui pratiquement aussi bien admise que celle d’aversion au risque. L’objectif du présent texte est de montrer que la notion de tempérance mérite un statut identique à celui des deux précédentes car elle repose sur les mêmes idées de base. Notre analyse permet également de préciser le lien qui existe entre, d’une part, les signes des dérivées 3 e et 4 e de l’utilité et, d’autre part, l’attitude des décideurs vis-à-vis des coefficients d’asymétrie et d’aplatissement d’une distribution.
Más poemas sefardíes de contenido histórico
Authors: Romero Elena
Published: July 2011

Como complemento a su libro Entre dos (o más fuegos), donde se publicaban textos poéticos sobre diferentes acontecimientos de la historia de los sefardíes del Imperio otomano y de los Balcanes, en el presente artículo la autora edita y estudia otros 20 poemas (8 de ellos coplas) de interés histórico, escritos por autores como Alexandro Péreẓ, Ya‘acob Mošé Altaráŝ, Sa‘adi Haleví, Eliyá Carmona, etc., y que abordan variados temas, algunos ya tratados en Entre dos y otros nuevos, entre los que cabe resaltar: el bombardeo de Belgrado de 1862; la ocupación de Bosnia por los austriacos en 1878; el incendio de Sarajevo de 1879; la comunidad sefardí de Constantinopla en 1922; Inglaterra y la Palestina de 1939; el Holocausto; la independencia de Israel y la dura vida en 1949 y en 1952 en el flamante estado; la guerra fría y la de Corea de 1952; etcétera.
Summit oat
Authors: Mitchell Fetch J. W. , Brown P. D. , Ames N. , Chong J. , Fetch T. G. , Haber S. M. , Menzies J. G. , Tekauz A. , Townley-Smith T. F. , Stadnyk K. D.
Published: July 2011

Mitchell Fetch, J. W., Brown, P. D., Ames, N., Chong, J., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S. M., Menzies, J. G., Tekauz, A., Townley-Smith, T. F. and Stadnyk, K. D. 2011. Summit oat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 787–791. Summit is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar postulated to carry the crown rust resistance combination Pc38, Pc39, Pc48, and Pc68, which was effective against the prevalent pathotypes of crown rust on the Canadian prairies at the time of its release. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, moderately good resistance to most of the prairie stem rust races (likely due to the presence of Pg2 and Pg13) and is resistant to moderately resistant to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Summit has good kernel weight, percent plump kernels, and percent thin kernels. Summit exhibits high yielding capacity in the oat growing areas of western Canada. Summit was registered (Reg. No. 6529) in Canada 2008 November 29.
Muchmore hard red spring wheat
Authors: Depauw R. M. , Knox R. E. , McCaig T. N. , Clarke F. R. , Clarke J. M.
Published: July 2011

DePauw, R. M., Knox, R. E., McCaig, T. N., Clarke, F. R. and Clarke, J. M. 2011. Muchmorehard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 797–803. Based on 36 replicated trials over 3 yr, Muchmore, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), averaged up to 20% more grain yield than the checks. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie, Katepwa and Lillian. Muchmore was significantly shorter than all of the checks and was significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa, Laura and Lillian. Muchmore had significantly higher test weight than Katepwa and Lillian, intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Muchmore expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust and common bunt, moderate resistance to loose smut, and moderate susceptibility to fusarium head blight.
Analysis of covariance in agronomy and crop research
Authors: Yang Rong-Cai , Juskiw Patricia
Published: July 2011

Yang, R.-C. and Juskiw, P. 2011. Analysis of covariance in agronomy and crop research. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 621–641. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a statistical technique that combines the methods of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. However, ANCOVA is an advanced topic that often appears towards the end of many textbooks, and thus, it is either taught cursorily or ignored completely in many statistics classes. Additionally, many elaborated applications of ANCOVA to agronomy and crop research along with uses of the latest statistical software are rarely described in textbooks or classes. The objectives of this paper are to provide an overview on conventional ANCOVA and to introduce more advanced uses of ANCOVA under mixed models. We describe three elaborate applications including (i) the use of ANCOVA for dissecting dosage responses for different treatments, (ii) stability of treatments across multiple environments and (iii) removal of spatial variation that is not effectively controlled by blocking. These analyses illustrate that ANCOVA is either a simpler analysis or provides more information than conventional statistical methods. We provide a technical appendix ( Appendix A ) on principles and theory underlying mixed-model analysis of ANCOVA along with SAS programs ( Appendix B ) for more uses and in-depth understanding of this powerful technique in agronomy and crop research.
A modified Ontario P index as a tool for on-farm phosphorus management
Authors: Keith Reid D.
Published: July 2011

Reid, D. K. 2011. A modified Ontario P index as a tool for on-farm phosphorus management. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 455–466. The phosphorus index (P index) concept has gained wide acceptance as a tool to aid users in reducing P losses to surface water, but there is a wide range of potential users with differing goals on what the P index could or should do. To effectively change the behaviour of farmers who are applying fertilizer or manure to their fields requires a change in focus of the P index. This paper proposes a modified P Index that assesses the inherent risk of P loss to surface water from a given area separately from the risk of P loss from applied materials, to make it easier for farmers to use the output from the P index for management decisions. It also incorporates changes in index calculations to incorporate the risk of P losses through tile drains as well as overland flow, to reflect the differences in transport of dissolved versus particulate P, and to match the weightings of the P index factors to the relative risk of P loss from the landscape under Ontario conditions.
The inositol phosphates in soils and manures: Abundance, cycling, and measurement
Authors: Giles Courtney , Cade-Menun Barbara , Hill Jane
Published: July 2011

Giles, C. D., Cade-Menun, B. J. and Hill, J. E. 2011. The inositol phosphates in soils and manures: Abundance, cycling, and measurement. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 397–416. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the origins, abiotic and biotic cycling, and measurement of inositol phosphates (IPx) in manures and soils. With up to eight orthophosphates bound to inositol via ester linkages, this class of compounds has the potential to be unavailable to enzymatic hydrolysis when sorbed or in complex with soil metals, limiting the release of phosphorus (P) for uptake by plants. However, hydrolysis of IPx by microbial phytases in aquatic environments could result in a potent source of the eutrophication agent orthophosphate. This review discusses the forms and stereoisomers of IPx that have been identified in environmental samples. Next, it discusses the various techniques used to identify IPx, including extraction and concentration, separation techniques such as electrophoresis, spectroscopic methods such as phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR), mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and enzymatic techniques, such as enzyme hydrolysis (EH). Recent advances in knowledge about abiotic and biotic factors controlling the cycling of IPx in soil, manure and water are summarised, including soil characteristics affecting IPx sorption, transportation processes, and the microbial production and degradation of IPx. Finally, areas for future research focus are discussed.
Temporal trends of risk of water contamination by phosphorus from agricultural land in the Great Lakes Watersheds of Canada
Authors: van Bochove Eric , Denault Jean-Thomas , Leclerc Marie-Line , Thériault Georges , Dechmi Farida , Allaire Suzanne , Rousseau Alain , Drury Craig
Published: July 2011

van Bochove, E., Denault, J.-T., Leclerc, M.-L., Thériault, G., Dechmi, F., Allaire, S. E., Rousseau, A. N. and Drury, C. F. 2011. Temporal trends of risk of water contamination by phosphorus from agricultural land in the Great Lakes Watersheds of Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 443–453. The indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC_P) was designed to estimate the level of risk of P contamination in water and how the level of risk has changed over 25 yr (1981–2006) in agricultural watersheds of Canada. IROWC_P allows for a qualitative assessment of this risk in comparison with other regions of eastern and western Canada, and the identification of high to very high risk watersheds may require on-site assessment and the development of remedial action plans. This study presents an in-depth analysis of IROWC_P results in the major Great Lakes watersheds of Canada. The risk of water contamination by P remains acceptable (very low to moderate) in most Great Lakes watersheds, but better management practices (e.g., reduced fertilization and manure application rates) and improved control of surface runoff may be required in watersheds which are at increased risk. The Canadian watersheds of the Great Lakes basin showed a 39% reduction in their P applications in excess of crop requirements between 1981 and 2006 bringing the Ontario provincial P balance close to equilibrium in 2006. Vulnerable areas were found south of Kitchener in the Lower Grand River watershed and east of Lake Simcoe.
Effect of Short-term Fluoride Release from Various Restorative Cements on Enamel Demineralization: An in vitro Study
Authors: Patil Shruti , Goud Mallikarjun , Sajjan Girija
Published: July 2011

Purpose

Fluorides are probably the most commonly used anticaries agents. Due to this property they are incorporated into various restorative materials. The rate and amount of fluoride release, however, vary for different materials, which in turn determines the effectiveness of the restorative material in preventing demineralization around the restoration. To evaluate the fluoride release and area of demineralization of resin modified glass ionomers and compomers, and compare them with conventional glass ionomer cement and also to evaluate the relationship between the fluoride release and demineralization.

Materials and methods

A total of 32 human incisors were chosen and sectioned horizontally at CEJ, and the middle 2 mm of facial enamel isolated and restored with the test materials: Conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), compomer and resin composite. The specimens were observed under polarized light microscope with image analyzer to measure the area and depth of demineralization.

For fluoride release study, disks of test materials were suspended in deionized water and fluoride release was measured till a period of 4 days.

Results

The area and depth of demineralization were least around the GIC, followed by RMGIC, compomer and composite (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between fluoride release and demineralization which was, however, not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The 4-day fluoride release was also higher for GIC as compared to RMGIC and Compomer.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Midfacial Defect following Cancer Surgery using Three Piece Prosthesis
Authors: Ashraf Haifa , Jacob Sunil
Published: July 2011

Acquired facial defects may cause functional and psychological impairments that adversely affect a patient's quality of life. Restoration of facial defects can be accomplished surgically, prosthetically or by using a combination of both the methods. The choice depends on many factors, like size, location of the defect and the age of the patient. Reduced vascularity, increased fibrosis and scarring of tissues bordering the defect increase the risk of complications associated with reconstruction. Maxillofacial prostheses have the advantage of not only improving the patient's appearance but also enabling early rehabilitation. This unusual case report details an attempt to rehabilitate a patient who has undergone total maxillectomy and orbital exenteration with the aid of intraoral obturator prosthesis and an extraoral orbital and cheek prosthesis.
Denture Stomatitis: Treatment with Diode Laser
Authors: Sivakumar Keerthana , Palanivelu Sivakumar , Ramalingam Sudhakar , Seshadri Sankaranarayanan
Published: July 2011

Denture stomatitis is a relatively common oral mycotic infection occurring in partial or complete denture wearers. Candida albicans is one of the principal etiological factors, with number of local or systemic co-factors influencing the occurrence. While an array of agents are involved in the occurrence and progression of the lesion, one could not expect monotony in the treatment modality. Spectrum of treatment modes have been practised to manage denture stomatitis, which include proper maintenance of oral and denture hygiene to systemic antifungal medication. Here we present a case of denture stomatitis, successfully treated with diode laser with 6 months follow-up.
Model Surgery: A Presurgical Procedure for Orthognathic Surgeries - Revisited
Authors: walker Fraser , Mankani Nivedita
Published: July 2011

Over the last three decades orthognathic surgery has become a routine procedure for the correction of facial deformation. People have become aware and more concerned about the maxillofacial deformation. Surgery of the facial skeleton involves complex three-dimensional movements based on a series of nonsurgical procedures. Bimaxillary osteotomies, which change the occlusal level to improve function and enhance physical appearance, requires to be planned preoperatively with the help of model surgery. This paper explains the procedure of model surgery using an semiadjustable articulator, along with fabrication of the wafer.
Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: comparison of simple and complex representations of the volatility basis set approach
Authors: Shrivastava M. , Fast J. , Easter R. , Gustafson W. I. , Zaveri R. A. , Jimenez J. L. , Saide P. , Hodzic A.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) is modified to include a volatility basis set (VBS) treatment of secondary organic aerosol formation. The VBS approach, coupled with SAPRC-99 gas-phase chemistry mechanism, is used to model gas-particle partitioning and multiple generations of gas-phase oxidation of organic vapors. In addition to the detailed 9-species VBS, a simplified mechanism using 2 volatility species (2-species VBS) is developed and tested for similarity to the 9-species VBS in terms of both mass and oxygen-to-carbon ratios of organic aerosols in the atmosphere. WRF-Chem results are evaluated against field measurements of organic aerosols collected during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign in the vicinity of Mexico City. The simplified 2-species mechanism reduces the computational cost by a factor of 2 as compared to 9-species VBS. Both ground site and aircraft measurements suggest that the 9-species and 2-species VBS predictions of total organic aerosol mass as well as individual organic aerosol components including primary, secondary, and biomass burning are comparable in magnitude. In addition, oxygen-to-carbon ratio predictions from both approaches agree within 25 %, providing evidence that the 2-species VBS is well suited to represent the complex evolution of organic aerosols. Model sensitivity to amount of anthropogenic semi-volatile and intermediate volatility (S/IVOC) precursor emissions is also examined by doubling the default emissions. Both the emission cases significantly under-predict primary organic aerosols in the city center and along aircraft flight transects. Secondary organic aerosols are predicted reasonably well along flight tracks surrounding the city, but are consistently over-predicted downwind of the city. Also, oxygen-to-carbon ratio predictions are significantly improved compared to prior studies by adding 15 % oxygen mass per generation of oxidation; however, all modeling cases still under-predict these ratios downwind as compared to measurements, suggesting a need to further improve chemistry parameterizations of secondary organic aerosol formation.
First results from the GPS atmosphere sounding experiment TOR aboard the TerraSAR-X satellite
Authors: Beyerle G. , Grunwaldt L. , Heise S. , Köhler W. , König R. , Michalak G. , Rothacher M. , Schmidt T. , Wickert J. , Tapley B. D. , Giesinger B.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. GPS radio occultation events observed between 24 July and 17 November 2008 by the IGOR occultation receiver aboard the TerraSAR-X satellite are processed and analyzed. The comparison of 15 327 refractivity profiles with collocated ECMWF data yield a mean bias between zero and −0.30 % at altitudes between 5 and 30 km. Standard deviations decrease from about 1.4 % at 5 km to about 0.6 % at 10 km altitude, however, increase significantly in the upper stratosphere. At low latitudes mean biases and standard deviations are larger, in particular in the lower troposphere. The results are consistent with 15 159 refractivity observations collected during the same time period by the BlackJack receiver aboard GRACE-A and processed by GFZ's operational processing system. The main difference between the two occultation instruments is the implementation of open-loop signal tracking in the IGOR (TerraSAR-X) receiver which improves the tropospheric penetration depth in terms of ray height by about 2 km compared to the conventional closed-loop data acquired by BlackJack (GRACE-A).
Influence of the compiler on multi-CPU performance of WRFv3
Authors: Langkamp T. , Böhner J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting system version 3 (WRFv3) is an open source and state of the art numerical Regional Climate Model used in climate related sciences. These years the model has been successfully optimized on a wide variety of clustered compute nodes connected with high speed interconnects. This is currently the most used hardware architecture for high-performance computing (Shainer et al., 2009). As such, understanding the influence of hardware like the CPU, its interconnects, or the software on WRFs performance is crucial for saving computing time. This is important because computing time in general is rare, resource intensive, and hence very expensive. This paper evaluates the influence of different compilers on WRFs performance, which was found to differ up to 26 %. The paper also evaluates the performance of different Message Passing Interface library versions, a software which is needed for multi CPU runs, and of different WRF versions. Both showed no significant influence on the performance for this test case on the used High Performance Cluster (HPC) hardware. Emphasis is also laid on the applied non-standard method of performance measuring, which was required because of performance fluctuations between identical runs on the used HPC. Those are caused by contention for network resources, a phenomenon examined for many HPCs (Wright et al., 2009).
Comparison of hydrological model structures based on recession and low flow simulations
Authors: Staudinger M. , Stahl K. , Seibert J. , Clark M. P. , Tallaksen L. M.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Low flows are often poorly reproduced by commonly used hydrological models, which are traditionally designed to meet peak flow situations. Hence, there is a need to improve hydrological models for low flow prediction. This study assessed the impact of model structure on low flow simulations and recession behaviour using the Framework for Understanding Structural Errors (FUSE). FUSE identifies the set of subjective decisions made when building a hydrological model, and provides multiple options for each modeling decision. Altogether 79 models were created and applied to simulate stream flows in the snow dominated headwater catchment Narsjø in Norway (119 km2). All models were calibrated using an automatic optimisation method. The results showed that simulations of summer low flows were poorer than simulations of winter low flows, reflecting the importance of different hydrological processes. The model structure influencing winter low flow simulations is the lower layer architecture, whereas various model structures were identified to influence model performance during summer.
Size distribution and structure of Barchan dune fields
Authors: Durán O. , Schwämmle V. , Lind P. G. , Herrmann H. J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Barchans are isolated mobile dunes often organized in large dune fields. Dune fields seem to present a characteristic dune size and spacing, which suggests a cooperative behavior based on dune interaction. In Duran et al. (2009), we propose that the redistribution of sand by collisions between dunes is a key element for the stability and size selection of barchan dune fields. This approach was based on a mean-field model ignoring the spatial distribution of dune fields. Here, we present a simplified dune field model that includes the spatial evolution of individual dunes as well as their interaction through sand exchange and binary collisions. As a result, the dune field evolves towards a steady state that depends on the boundary conditions. Comparing our results with measurements of Moroccan dune fields, we find that the simulated fields have the same dune size distribution as in real fields but fail to reproduce their homogeneity along the wind direction.
Refined broad-scale sub-glacial morphology of Aurora Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica derived by an ice-dynamics-based interpolation scheme
Authors: Roberts J. L. , Warner R. C. , Young D. , Wright A. , van Ommen T. D. , Blankenship D. D. , Siegert M. , Young N. W. , Tabacco I. E. , Forieri A. , Passerini A. , Zirizzotti A. , Frezzotti M.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Ice thickness data over much of East Antarctica are sparse and irregularly distributed. This poses difficulties for reconstructing the homogeneous coverage needed to properly assess underlying sub-glacial morphology and fundamental geometric constraints on sea level rise. Here we introduce a new physically-based ice thickness interpolation scheme and apply this to existing ice thickness data in the Aurora Subglacial Basin region. The skill and robustness of the new reconstruction is demonstrated by comparison with new data from the ICECAP project. The interpolated morphology shows an extensive marine-based ice sheet, with considerably more area below sea-level than shown by prior studies. It also shows deep features connecting the coastal grounding zone with the deepest regions in the interior. This has implications for ice sheet response to a warming ocean and underscores the importance of obtaining additional high resolution data in these marginal zones for modelling ice sheet evolution.