bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medición del valor en riesgo de portafolios de renta fija usando modelos multifactoriales dinámicos de tasas de interés
Authors: Álvarez-Franco Sara Isabel , Restrepo-Tobón Diego Alexander , Velásquez-Giraldo Mateo
Published: April 2017

En este trabajo se evalúa el desempeno de tres modelos dinámicos de la estructura a plazos de tasas ˜ de interés para estimar el valor en riesgo (VaR, por su traducción de Value at Risk) de portafolios de renta fija. De esta forma, se encuentra que el modelo de Diebold, Rudebusch y Aruoba se desempena˜ adecuadamente respecto a las pruebas de backtesting del VaR, mientras que el modelo de Diebold y Li y un modelo afín de no arbitraje exhiben un pobre desempeno. Los tres modelos asumen que la matriz de ˜ varianzas y covarianzas de los factores latentes a cada modelo es constante, lo cual limita su utilidad en el cálculo del VaR. Por lo tanto, modelos que relajen este supuesto deberían ofrecer un mejor desempeno˜ y ser más adecuados para la gestión del riesgo de portafolios de renta fija.
Texas Bull Nettle (Cnidoscolus texanus) Exposures Reported to Texas Poison Centers
Authors: Forrester Mathias B.
Published: April 2017

Objective

Texas bull nettle ( Cnidoscolus texanus) is covered in bristly hairs similar to stinging nettle. Contact with the plant may result in intense dermal pain, burning, itching, cellulitis, and allergic reaction. This study characterizes C texanus exposures reported to a large state-wide poison center system.

Methods

Cases were C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000−2015. The distribution of cases was determined for patient demographics, exposure circumstances, and patient outcome.

Results

A total of 140 C texanus exposures were identified. Twenty percent of the patients were aged ≤5 years, 21% were 6 to 12 years, 5% were 13 to 19 years, and 51% were ≥20 years; and 51% of the patients were male. Eighty-one percent of the exposures occurred at the patient’s own residence, 11% in a public area, 2% at another residence, and 1% at school. Seventy-eight percent of the patients were managed on site, 13% were already at or en route to a health care facility, and 6% were referred to a health care facility. Eighty-eight percent of the exposures resulted in dermal effects: irritation or pain (56%), erythema or flushing (31%), edema (27%), pruritus (24%), rash (19%), puncture or wound (19%), and hives or welts (11%).

Conclusions

C texanus exposures reported to Texas poison centers were most likely to be unintentional and occur at the patient’s own residence. The outcomes of the exposures tended not to be serious and could be managed successfully outside of health care facilities.
TRADING BASED ON KNOWING THE WASDE REPORT IN ADVANCE
Authors: MILACEK TRENT T. , BRORSEN B. WADE
Published: April 2017

Past research shows that prices move in response to World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) reports immediately prior to and after a report. This research develops trading models based on knowing the next WASDE report in advance. This should help traders evaluate investments to predict information contained within the report and in determining how best to use such forecasts. The price-forecasting models use regressions against the ratios of ending stocks to use. Results show a steady increasing return to trading over the report month. The highest returns are produced by trading during the growing and harvest seasons.
Why a Standardization of Strontium Isotope Baseline Environmental Data Is Needed and Recommendations for Methodology
Authors: Grimstead Deanna N. , Nugent Selin , Whipple Jean
Published: April 2017

Since initial applications of strontium isotope human sourcing in the early 1990s, the use of the method has steadily increased in archaeology and in anthropology more broadly. Despite this trend, the collection of necessary baseline environmental data has not been standardized and sometimes does not occur at all. A thorough environmental sampling strategy will ensure that all the variability within a selected region is documented, which is a critical step to improving the accuracy of sourcing studies. Furthermore, shared strontium baseline data collections are needed to improve the intercomparability of datasets and results. This paper provides a case study from a semiarid region in northwestern New Mexico, USA, highlighting the need for a bottom-up approach to baseline data collection (from bedrock to animal) and describes the methods of pre-field planning and collecting, including rationales for what samples to collect for Sr isotope baseline data. The authors hope that this paper will lay a foundation for the implementation and standardization of Sr isotope baseline data collecting, which does not currently exist.
Estimating the Magnitude of Private Collection of Points and Its Effects on Professional Survey Results
Authors: Shott Michael J.
Published: April 2017

Chipped-stone projectile points are used to mark the passage of time and cultures in the record. Archaeologists often recover points in surface survey, yet we do not know how many were found by private collectors before or after professional work. In a 1975–1977 Michigan probabilistic survey, professional archaeologists documented 30 private collections from 20 sample units. In those units, points found by private collectors outnumber professionally recovered ones by a factor of about 32. The survey region's point population estimated separately from the professional and private-collection samples differs by nearly an order of magnitude in favor of private collections, despite highly conservative assumptions about the latter. The number of points found in professional survey is inversely correlated with the number found in private collections, and the professional sample is more sparsely and randomly distributed. However, proportions of several common types are similar between professional and private collections. To the extent that large, reasonably complete samples of points are important for research and preservation, archaeologists must document private collections compiled in and near their survey areas.
Trajectory optimisation for a rocket-assisted hypersonic boost-glide vehicle
Authors: Rizvi S.T.I. , Linshu H. , Dajun X. , Shah S.I.A.
Published: April 2017

In this work, trajectory optimisation has been performed for a wing-body rocket assisted vehicle to compute the bestset of performance parameters including burn-out angle, angle-of-attack, bank-angle and throttle command that would result in optimal down-range and cross-range performance of the re-entry vehicle. An hp-adaptive Pseudospectral method has been used for the optimisation by combining the launch and rocket rocket-assisted re-entry stages. The purpose of the research is to compute optimal burn-out condition, angle-of-attack, bank-angle and optimal thrust segments that would maximise the down-range and cross-range performance of the hypersonic boost glide vehicle, under constrained heat rate environments. The variation of down-range/cross-range performance of rocket rocket-assisted hypersonic boost glide vehicle with bounds on diminishing heat rate has also been computed.
CHARITY FOR THE AUTONOMOUS SELF
Authors: Esbeck Carl H.
Published: April 2017

Australia adopted the Charities Act of 2013, consolidating and restating the country's governing statutes on the registration and qualification of charities, but leaving to the future any reconciliation between faith-related charities claiming religious liberty and others demanding marriage equality and no discrimination based on sexuality. Concurrent to this development, but with an eye to the direction of charity law in common law systems throughout the world, major works have come to us from two Australian scholars. In this review I offer much about these two monographs, but the discussion that immediately follows concerns the law of charitable nonprofits in the United States, the basic structure of that law, and current issues implicating religious freedom.
Epidemic risk and insurance coverage
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe , Simon Matthieu
Published: April 2017

In this paper we aim to apply simple actuarial methods to build an insurance plan protecting against an epidemic risk in a population. The studied model is an extended SIR epidemic in which the removal and infection rates may depend on the number of registered removals. The costs due to the epidemic are measured through the expected epidemic size and infectivity time. The premiums received during the epidemic outbreak are measured through the expected susceptibility time. Using martingale arguments, a method by recursion is developed to calculate the cost components and the corresponding premium levels in this extended epidemic model. Some numerical examples illustrate the effect of removals and the premium calculation in an insurance plan.
Compare the ratio of symmetric polynomials of odds to one and stop
Authors: Matsui Tomomi , Ano Katsunori
Published: April 2017

In this paper we deal with an optimal stopping problem whose objective is to maximize the probability of selecting k out of the last ℓ successes, given a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials of length N, where k and ℓ are predetermined integers satisfying 1≤k≤ℓ<N. This problem includes some odds problems as special cases, e.g. Bruss’ odds problem, Bruss and Paindaveine’s problem of selecting the last ℓ successes, and Tamaki’s multiplicative odds problem for stopping at any of the last m successes. We show that an optimal stopping rule is obtained by a threshold strategy. We also present the tight lower bound and an asymptotic lower bound for the probability of a win. Interestingly, our asymptotic lower bound is attained by using a variation of the well-known secretary problem, which is a special case of the odds problem. Our approach is based on the application of Newton’s inequalities and optimization technique, which gives a unified view to the previous works.
Stochastic impulse control of exchange rates with Freidlin–Wentzell perturbations
Authors: Gagnon Gregory
Published: April 2017

This paper pioneers a Freidlin–Wentzell approach to stochastic impulse control of exchange rates when the central bank desires to maintain a target zone. Pressure to stimulate the economy forces the bank to implement diffusion monetary policy involving Freidlin–Wentzell perturbations indexed by a parameter ε∈ [0,1]. If ε=0, the policy keeps exchange rates in the target zone for all times t≥0. When ε>0, exchange rates continually exit the target zone almost surely, triggering central bank interventions which force currencies back into the zone or abandonment of all targets. Interventions and target zone deviations are costly, motivating the bank to minimize these joint costs for any ε∈ [0,1]. We prove convergence of the value functions as ε→0 achieving a value function approximation for small ε. Via sample path analysis and cost function bounds, intervention followed by target zone abandonment emerges as the optimal policy.
Estimating the large mutation parameter of the Ewens sampling formula
Authors: Tsukuda Koji
Published: April 2017

We derive some limit theorems associated with the Ewens sampling formula when its parameter is increasing together with a sample size.
Moreover, the limit results are applied in order to investigate asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator.
Stability with respect to initial conditions in V-norm for nonlinear filters with ergodic observations
Authors: Gerber Mathieu , Whiteley Nick
Published: April 2017

We establish conditions for an exponential rate of forgetting of the initial distribution of nonlinear filters in V-norm, allowing for unbounded test functions. The analysis is conducted in an general setup involving nonnegative kernels in a random environment which allows treatment of filters and prediction filters in a single framework. The main result is illustrated on two examples, the first showing that a total variation norm stability result obtained by Douc et al. (2009) can be extended to V-norm without any additional assumptions, the second concerning a situation in which forgetting of the initial condition holds in V-norm for the filters, but the V-norm of each prediction filter is infinite.
Reaching consensus on a connected graph
Authors: Haslegrave John , Puljiz Mate
Published: April 2017

We study a simple random process in which vertices of a connected graph reach consensus through pairwise interactions. We compute outcome probabilities, which do not depend on the graph structure, and consider the expected time until a consensus is reached. In some cases we are able to show that this is minimised byKn. We prove an upper bound for thep=0 case and give a family of graphs which asymptotically achieve this bound. In order to obtain the mean of the waiting time we also study a gambler's ruin process with delays. We give the mean absorption time and prove that it monotonically increases withp∈[0,1∕2] for symmetric delays.
Small drift limit theorems for random walks
Authors: Schulte-Geers Ernst , Stadje Wolfgang
Published: April 2017

We show analogs of the classical arcsine theorem for the occupation time of a random walk in (−∞,0) in the case of a small positive drift. To study the asymptotic behavior of the total time spent in (−∞,0) we consider parametrized classes of random walks, where the convergence of the parameter to 0 implies the convergence of the drift to 0. We begin with shift families, generated by a centered random walk by adding to each step a shift constant a>0 and then letting a tend to 0. Then we study families of associated distributions. In all cases we arrive at the same limiting distribution, which is the distribution of the time spent below 0 of a standard Brownian motion with drift 1. For shift families this is explained by a functional limit theorem. Using fluctuation-theoretic formulae we derive the generating function of the occupation time in closed form, which provides an alternative approach. We also present a new form of the first arcsine law for the Brownian motion with drift.
Authoritarian Leadership and Extra-Role Behaviors: A Role-Perception Perspective
Authors: Zhang Yan , Xie Yun-Hui
Published: April 2017

Authoritarian leaders make unilateral decisions and prevail over subordinates. Such leadership, as a style of exercising formal authority and position power, may inhibit employees’ extra-role behaviors in the hierarchical role structure. We explore employees’ role perceptions to better understand how supervisors’ authoritarian leadership decreases extra-role behaviors (OCBs). Authoritarian behavior is expected to generate subordinate perceptions of role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload, with consequent negative effects on OCB. Hypotheses are tested using data from 613 subordinate – supervisor dyads. Empirical results indicate that authoritarian leadership increases subordinate role conflict and overload which then decreases OCB. Authoritarian behavior also increases role ambiguity, but role ambiguity is not associated with OCB. The article concludes with research suggestions and practical implications.
Richard L. Chambers 1929-2016
Authors: Darling Linda T.
Published: April 2017

Richard L. Chambers was born on 27 September 1929 in Brundidge, Alabama, and died on 1 August 2016 in Montgomery, Alabama. He attended the University of Alabama, studying diplomatic and Middle Eastern history and gaining a B.A. in 1950. He obtained a B.S. in Foreign Service from Georgetown University and a fellowship at the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. He then pursued an M.A. in History at Alabama, graduating in 1955, just when Middle Eastern studies really began to expand nationwide. He moved to Princeton for a second master's in 1958 and a Ph.D. in 1968. He studied with Ottoman historian Lewis Thomas and wrote a dissertation on Ahmed Cevdet Paşa, the nineteenth-century Ottoman intellectual, historian, and statesman.
Foreigners as Liberators: Education and Cultural Diversity in Plato'sMenexenus
Authors: LeMOINE REBECCA
Published: April 2017

Though recent scholarship challenges the traditional interpretation of Plato as anti-democratic, his antipathy to cultural diversity is still generally assumed. TheMenexenusappears to offer some of the most striking evidence of Platonic xenophobia, as it features Socrates delivering a mock funeral oration that glorifies Athens’ exclusion of foreigners. Yet when readers play along with Socrates’ exhortation to imagine the oration through the voice of its alleged author Aspasia, Pericles’ foreign mistress, the oration becomes ironic or dissonant. Through this, Plato shows that foreigners can act as gadflies, liberating citizens from the intellectual hubris that occasions democracy's fall into tyranny. In reminding readers of Socrates’ death, the dialogue warns, however, that fear of education may prevent democratic citizens from appreciating the role of cultural diversity in cultivating the virtue of Socratic wisdom.
Trichinellaand polar bears: a limited risk for humans
Authors: Dupouy-Camet J. , Bourée P. , Yera H.
Published: April 2017

In this review, we identified 63 cases reported since World War II of human trichinellosis linked to the consumption of parasitized polar bear (Ursus maritimus) meat. This low number contrasts to the numerous cases of human trichinellosis related to consumption of the meat of black (U. americanus) or brown bears (U. arctos). The prevalence ofTrichinellainfection is high in bears, but larval muscular burden is usually lower in polar bears compared to other bear species. Polar bears, therefore, seem to play a limited role in the transmission of trichinellosis to humans, as native residents living in the Arctic traditionally consume well-cooked bear meat, and travellers and foreign hunters have only limited access to this protected species due to the declining polar bear population.
DSM disorders and their criteria: how should they inter-relate?
Authors: Kendler K. S.
Published: April 2017

While the changes in psychiatric diagnosis introduced by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual third edition (DSM-III) have had major benefits to the field of psychiatry, the reification of its diagnostic criteria and the widespread adoption of diagnostic literalism have been problematic. I argue that, at root, these developments can be best understood by contrasting two approaches to the relationship between DSM disorders and their criteria. In a constitutive relationship, criteria definitively define the disorder. Having a disorder is nothing more than meeting the criteria. In an indexical relationship, the criteria are fallible indices of a disorder understood as a hypothetical, tentative diagnostic construct. I trace the origins of the constitutive model to the philosophical theory of operationalism. I then examine a range of historical and empirical results that favor the indexical over the constitutive position including (i) evidence that individual criteria for DSM-III were selected from a broader pool of possible symptoms/signs, (ii) revisions of DSM have implicitly assumed an indexical criteria-disorder relationship, (iii) the indexical position allows DSM criteria to be wrong and misdiagnose patients while such a result is incoherent for a constitutive model, an implausible position, (iv) we assume an indexical criteria-scale relationships for many personality and symptom measures commonly used in psychiatric practice and research, and (v) empirical studies suggesting similar performance for DSM and non-DSM symptoms for major depression. I then review four reasons for the rise of the constitutive position: (i) the ‘official’ nature of the DSM criteria, (ii) the strong investment psychiatry has had in the DSM manual and its widespread use and success, iii) lack of a clear pathophysiology for our disorders, and (iv) the absence of informative diagnostic signs of minimal clinical importance. I conclude that the constitutive position is premature and reflects a conceptual error. It assumes a definitiveness and a literalism about the nature of our criteria that is far beyond our current knowledge. The indexical position with its tentativeness and modesty accurately reflects the current state of our field.
Entire functions with two radially distributed values
Authors: BERGWEILER WALTER , EREMENKO ALEXANDRE , HINKKANEN AIMO
Published: April 2017

We study entire functions whose zeros and one-points lie on distinct finite systems of rays. General restrictions on these rays are obtained. Non-trivial examples of entire functions with zeros and one-points on different rays are constructed, using the Stokes phenomenon for second order linear differential equations.
Free actions ofp-groups on affine varieties in characteristicp
Authors: FLEISCHMANN PETER , WOODCOCK CHRIS
Published: April 2017

LetKbe an algebraically closed field and$\mathbb{A}$n≅Knaffinen-space. It is known that a finite group$\frak{G}$can only act freely on$\mathbb{A}$nifKhas characteristicp> 0 and$\frak{G}$is ap-group. In that case the group action is “non-linear” and the ring of regular functionsK[$\mathbb{A}$n] must be atrace-surjectiveK−$\frak{G}$-algebra.

Now letkbe an arbitrary field of characteristicp> 0 and letGbe a finitep-group. In this paper we study the category$\mathfrak{Ts}$of all finitely generated trace-surjectivek−Galgebras. It has been shown in [13] that the objects in$\mathfrak{Ts}$are precisely those finitely generatedk−GalgebrasAsuch thatAG≤Ais a Galois-extension in the sense of [7], with faithful action ofGonA. Although$\mathfrak{Ts}$is not an abelian category it has “s-projective objects”, which are analogues of projective modules, and it has (s-projective) categorical generators, which we will describe explicitly. We will show thats-projective objects and their rings of invariants are retracts of polynomial rings and therefore regular UFDs. The category$\mathfrak{Ts}$also has “weakly initial objects”, which are closely related to the essential dimension ofGoverk. Our results yield a geometric structure theorem for free actions of finitep-groups on affinek-varieties. There are also close connections to open questions on retracts of polynomial rings, to embedding problems in standard modular Galois-theory ofp-groups and, potentially, to a new constructive approach to homogeneous invariant theory.
Mother-to-child HIV transmissions in Israel, 1985–2011
Authors: MOR Z. , SHEFFER R. , CHEMTOB D.
Published: April 2017

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the leading cause of paediatric HIV-infection in Israel. This study aimed to assess MTCT rates and analyse temporal changes in relation to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) introduction in 1996. This historical prospective study included all HIV-infected women who delivered in Israel between 1988 and 2011. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapy characteristics were compared between HIV-infected newborns with all others, and between infants born before and after 1996. Of all 796 infants born in Israel to HIV-infected women, 25 (3·1%) were infected. MTCT rates decreased significantly after HAART introduction compared with infants who were born before 1996 (16·3%vs. 1·7%). Mothers who infected vertically were more likely to be younger, Ethiopian-born, delivered trans-vaginally, not treated with HAART during pregnancy/labour and delivered before 1996 compared with mothers who did not transmit the HIV to their neonates. Newborns who did not receive antiretroviral therapy postpartum were more commonly HIV-infected and their mortality rate was higher. In conclusion, HAART during pregnancy/labour decreased MTCT significantly. Most MTCT in Israel was recorded among Ethiopian migrants, yet, in decreasing rates. Continuous efforts should be employed to encourage early HIV testing and allow effective HAART to pregnant women who belong to a key risk-group.
Cognitive Fluidity and Acheulean Over-imitation
Authors: Rossano Matt J.
Published: April 2017

This paper analyses recently discussed evidence of over-imitation in Acheulean biface construction. First, it evaluates the argument for over-imitation using the available archaeological and cognitive science evidence. Next, it applies the four major theories of over-imitation, (1) Copy and Correct (C&C), (2) Automatic Causal Encoding (ACE), (3) social affiliation and (4) normative theory, as potential explanations for Acheulean over-imitation. ACE theory is the most likely explanation for early biface over-imitation (before 500,000 years bp), with social affiliation becoming increasingly likely after that. Normative over-imitation probably did not occur until around 300,000 years bp, when both the necessary hominin cognitive capacities and social conditions were present. An important conclusion emerging from this analysis is that over-imitation requires an integration of social and technical intelligence. Thus, the origins of cognitive fluidity may date back to as early as a million years ago, well before material evidence of fluidity is present.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Bell Neil
Published: April 2017

When Mark Newman took on the role of editor-in-chief of the Edinburgh Journal of Botany at the beginning of 2014, he stated clearly that it would be for a fixed term of three years. Now that his tenure has come to an end, I find myself in the enviable position of taking on responsibility for a thriving journal that has made the transition to early online publication (FirstView) under his management, has introduced colour figure printing free of charge to authors, and now has an outstanding average lead time from manuscript submission to publication. We owe Mark a debt of gratitude for both his exceptionally deft handling of the editorial process and his development of ‘EJB’ into a fully fledged international e-journal.
Rapidly progressive pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an infant with Down syndrome
Authors: Muneuchi Jun , Oda Shinichiro , Shimizu Daisuke
Published: April 2017

A 4-month-old girl with Down syndrome showed unexpected deterioration of pulmonary hypertension. Despite aggressive pulmonary vasodilation therapy, the patient died at 5 months of age. Lung autopsy showed that the pulmonary veins were obliterated by intimal fibrous thickening, and the media of the veins was arterialised with an increase in elastic fibres. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease should be considered in the management of individuals with Down syndrome.
Trans-septal approach for percutaneous closure of infra-diaphragmatic veno-venous collateral in a patient after Fontan palliation
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Cribbs Marc G. , Law Mark A.
Published: April 2017

In this article, we present a case of a desaturated Fontan patient with an infra-diaphragmatic venous collateral to the pulmonary vein, which was too tortuous to attempt closure at the source. A trans-septal approach was successfully used to close the collateral in a retrograde manner.
PROPRIÉTÉS LOCALES DES CHIFFRES DES NOMBRES PREMIERS
Authors: Martin Bruno , Mauduit Christian , Rivat Joël
Published: April 2017

Let $b$ be an integer larger than 1. We give an asymptotic formula for the exponential sum $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{\substack{ p\leqslant x \\ g(p)=k}}\exp \big(2\text{i}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}p\big),\end{eqnarray}$$ where the summation runs over prime numbers $p$ and where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\in \mathbb{R}$, $k\in \mathbb{Z}$, and $g:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ is a strongly $b$-additive function such that $\operatorname{pgcd}(g(1),\ldots ,g(b-1))=1$.
A single-sided meandered-dual-antenna structure for UHF RFID tags
Authors: Kamalvand Pouria , Pandey Gaurav Kumar , Meshram Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2017

A meandered-dual-antenna structure is proposed for UHF radiofrequency identification (RFID) tag. It is composed of two independent antennas printed on the one side of the substrate board. One of the antennas is exclusively used for receiving and harvesting sufficient energy to the tag chip having the complex conjugate impedance of the receiving antenna. The other is for backscatter to enhance maximum differential radar cross-section with purely real input impedance, to enhancement the read range. The receiving antenna is formed by a rectangular loop and a parasitic meandered line. The rectangular loop is used as a feeding element for the meandered line. The backscattering antenna is made using a meandered dipole along with a thin rectangular strip. The input impedance of the receiving antenna is designed to be conjugate matched to the chip impedance (13.5-j110 Ω), whereas the input impedance of backscattering antenna alternatively switched to open and short circuit for modulating the backscattered field. The input impedance of receiving and backscattering antennas is measured using differential probe technique. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement. It is also demonstrated that the read range of UHF RFID system increased considerably by using the dual-antenna structure.
Bindungsstile bei Probanden mit pathologischem Internetgebrauch
Authors: Greschner Maren , Müller Jörg Michael , Lindenberg Katajun , Reck Corinna , Romer Georg , Strittmatter Esther
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: In der Entstehung von pathologischem Internetgebrauch (PIG) wird diskutiert, ob das Internetverhalten als Surrogat zur Befriedigung von Bindungsbedürfnissen dienen kann. Dabei wird angenommen, dass die unerfüllten Bindungsbedürfnisse aus unsicheren Bindungsstilen resultieren. Die vorliegende Pilotstudie untersuchte den Zusammenhang zwischen PIG und Bindungsstilen. Methodik: Bei 10 Probanden mit PIG und 10 Probanden einer geschlechts-, alters- und bildungsgematchten Kontrollgruppe erfolgte erstmals eine interviewgestützte Erhebung des Bindungssystems mit dem Attachment Style Interview durch zwei geschulte Rater. Die Definition des PIG erfolgte kategorial mit dem Internetsucht-Interview (Distinguishing Characteristics of Internet Addiction) und dimensional durch die Skalen zum Onlinesucht- und Computerspielverhalten. Ergebnis: Probanden mit PIG wiesen signifikant häufiger unsichere und desorganisierte sowie seltener sichere Bindungsstile auf als gesunde Kontrollprobanden [χ²(2) = 7.505; p = .023]. Schlussfolgerung: Unsichere und desorganisierte Bindungsstile sollten in der multifaktoriellen Ätiopathogenese des PIG als Risikofaktor berücksichtigt werden.
Evidenzbasierte Interventionen in der frühen Entwicklungsphase schizophrener Störungen
Authors: Dold Josua , Droews Lisa , Vauth Roland
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Gerade in der frühen ersten Erkrankungsphase entscheidet sich oft die Langzeitprognose schizophrener Störungen, d.h. wie vollständig Symptome und die Neuroplastizität einschränkende Rückfälle aus dem Leben der Betroffenen rausgehalten werden können und wie die soziale und berufliche Integration erfolgt, entscheidet sich hier. Daher kommt wirksamen Interventionen gerade in dieser sog. „critical period“ eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Der Artikel referiert hierzu Grenzen und Möglichkeiten aktueller Ansätze, die auf dem „Menuplan“ in dieser Krankheitsphase stehen sollten und was bei Ersterkrankungen im Unterschied zu wiederholt erkrankten Menschen zu beachten ist. Die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten haben sich gerade hier in den letzten Jahren weiterentwickelt: Es geht um die frühe Optimierung der antipsychotischen Therapie mit Wirkungsmaximierung und Nebenwirkungsminimierung, den Einsatz von langwirksamen Antipsychotika von Anfang an zur Minimierung von akzidentieller Malcompliance und konsekutiver Verhinderung von Rückfällen. Weiterhin besteht die Notwendigkeit, störungs- und problemspezifische Verhaltenstherapie zu ergänzen, um eine personalisierte, individualisierte Medizin zu realisieren, die durch eine entwicklungspsychologische und selbstkonzeptbezogene Dimension gekennzeichnet ist. Neben der Sekundär- (Verhinderung neuroplastizitätsvernichtender Rückfälle) stellt hier die Tertiärprophylaxe (frühe Verhinderung von Chronifizierungsprozessen) ein wichtiges Ziel dar.
ADHS bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Bitto Hannes , Mörstedt Beatrice , Faschina Sylvia , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Klassifizierungs- und Strukturierungsmöglichkeiten psychischer Störungen und Konstrukte sind in den letzten Jahren zu einem Schwerpunkt empirischer Forschung geworden. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Debatte um die bisherige kategoriale versus einer neuen dimensionalen Sichtweise. ADHS gehört zu den Störungsbildern, für welche ein dimensionales Konzept plausibel erscheint. Empirische Belege hierfür liefern verschiedene taxonomische Studien an Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ADHS. Für Erwachsene gibt es bisher nur wenig empirische Untersuchungen zu dem Thema. Daher ist die vorliegende Studie eine erste Auseinandersetzung mit der Beschaffenheit von ADHS bei Erwachsenen, wobei den Befunden bei Kindern folgend von einer dimensionalen Struktur ausgegangen wird. Zwei Stichproben wurden zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung herangezogen: 605 Personen einer gesunden Normalstichprobe und 722 Personen aus einer klinischen Stichprobe, bestehend aus 336 Personen ohne ADHS-Diagnose und 386 Personen mit ADHS-Diagnose. Untersucht wurden alle Personen mittels der ADHS-Selbstbeurteilungsskala (ADHS-SB). Zur statistischen Überprüfung der Fragestellung wurden Diskriminanzanalysen und eine Faktorenanalyse durchgeführt, weiterhin wurden finite Mischverteilungsmodelle mit Hilfe des EM-Algorithmus gerechnet. Die Diskriminanzanalysen konnten zeigen, dass Grenzwerte nur bedingt dazu in der Lage sind, zwischen Personen mit und ohne ADHS zu diskriminieren. Die Faktorenanalyse ergab für alle Gruppen die gleiche Zwei-Faktoren-Lösung der ADHS, welche auch vom DSM-5 vorgeschlagen wird (Unaufmerksamkeit, Hyperaktivität/Impulsivität). Weiterhin wiesen die Mischmodelle der verschiedenen Gruppen keine Unterschiede auf, welche eine kategoriale Sichtweise rechtfertigen würden. Insgesamt ist eine dimensionale Struktur des Störungsbildes auch bei Erwachsenen als wahrscheinlich anzunehmen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Symptome der ADHS extreme Ausprägungen normaler psychischer Phänomene darstellen und es keine klaren Grenzen zwischen Personen mit und ohne einer adulten ADHS gibt. Trotz möglicher dimensionaler Struktur handelt es sich bei der ADHS um eine psychische Störung. Das Abklären funktioneller Beeinträchtigungen könnte vermehrt helfen, Behandlungswürdigkeit festzustellen.
Das UKE Kompetenzmodell
Authors: de la Cruz Lorena , Roes Martina , Vogt Birgit , Alpers Birgit
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung. Akademisch qualifizierte Pflegefachkräfte in der direkten Patientenversorgung integriert und akzeptiert? Im Rahmen eines Projekts beschäftigt sich das Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) mit der nachhaltigen Integration von akademisch qualifizierten Pflegefachkräfte. Hierzu wurde ein innovatives Kompetenzmodell entwickelt, das pflegerische Qualifikationen auf allen Stufen mit einbezieht.
A Public Health Approach in Responding to the Spread of Helium Suicide in Hong Kong
Authors: Yip Paul S. F. , Cheng Qijin , Chang Shu-Sen , Lee Esther Sze Tsai , Lai Chui-shan Carmen , Chen Feng , Law Yik-Wa Frances , Cheng T. M. Eric , Chiu Sau Mee , Tse Y. L. Jeff , Cheung Ka-wai Raymond , Tse Man-li , Morgan Peter R. , Beh Philip
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: The use of the helium suicide method has been increasing in popularity in Hong Kong since 2012. We have learned a valuable lesson in curbing the spread of charcoal burning (CB) suicide in the past 15 years and hope to prevent the helium suicide method from taking off in the community. Aims: To document what actions have been taken to contain the spread of the helium suicide method and review the preliminary impact of these actions. Method: We adopted a public health approach by engaging stakeholders from multiple sectors, including the police force, the fire services department, coroners, pathologists, mass media, and online media outlets. Results: A monitoring system was established by compiling data extracted from news reports, coroners' reports, and police investigations. Risk and protective factors were identified. Intervention strategies were developed to strengthen protective factors and minimize risk factors. This novel suicide method has not spread as rapidly as the CB suicide method. The preliminary outcomes suggest our actions to be effective. Limitations: The count of helium suicides in 2015 might be low. The impacts of the interventions are only estimated and require additional empirical verifications. Conclusion: The public health approach of engaging multiple partners in the early phase of a potential epidemic can be a good guide to meeting the challenges posed by any new suicide methods that emerge in the future.
Suicide in the Mountain West Region of the United States
Authors: Pepper Carolyn M.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: The Mountain West region of the United States consistently reports the highest rates of suicide in the country. This pattern could reflect a regional culture-of-suicide script in support of suicide that implicitly influences individual's behavior. Aims: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether suicide rates are elevated in the Mountain West across a wide range of demographic groups, thereby supporting a regional cultural script. Method: Suicide rates in the Mountain West between 1999 and 2014 were compared to the rest of the country across a wide range of demographic categories and levels of population density using the Center for Disease Control Multiple Causes of Death dataset published on the WONDER online database. Results: Suicide rates are elevated in the Mountain West for men and women, all racial groups, all age groups, and at every level of population density compared to the rest of the country. Limitations: Missing and suppressed data, the use of coroner reports, and the arbitrary nature of state and regional boundaries are all discussed as possible limitations to this study. Conclusion: These findings support a broad culture-of-suicide script that is pervasive in this region across demographic groups and all levels of population density.
Telephone Crisis Support Workers' Psychological Distress and Impairment
Authors: Kitchingman Taneile A. , Wilson Coralie J. , Caputi Peter , Wilson Ian , Woodward Alan
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Background: In order to respond to crises with appropriate intervention, crisis workers are required to manage their own needs as well as the needs of those they respond to. Aims: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to examine whether telephone crisis support workers experience elevated symptoms of psychological distress and are impaired by elevated symptoms. Method: Studies were identified in April 2015 by searching three databases, conducting a gray literature search, and forward and backward citation chaining. Results: Of 113 identified studies, seven were included in the review. Results suggest that that telephone crisis support workers experience symptoms of vicarious traumatization, stress, burnout, and psychiatric disorders, and that they may not respond optimally to callers when experiencing elevated symptoms of distress. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to the paucity and methodological limitations of available data. Limitations: While the most comprehensive search strategy possible was adopted, resource constraints meant that conference abstracts were not searched and authors were not contacted for additional unpublished information. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to identify the impact of telephone crisis support workers' role on their well-being, the determinants of worker well-being in the telephone crisis support context, and the extent to which well-being impacts their performance and caller outcomes. This will help inform strategies to optimize telephone crisis support workers' well-being and their delivery of support to callers.
Coordinating antigen cytosolic delivery and danger signaling to program potent cross-priming by micelle-based nanovaccine
Authors: Liu Zhida , Zhou Chang , Qin Yan , Wang Zihao , Wang Luyao , Wei Xiuli , Zhou Yinjian , Li Qicheng , Zhou Hang , Wang Wenjun , Fu Yang-Xin , Zhu Mingzhao , Liang Wei
Published: April 2017

Although re-activating cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) response inside tumor tissues by checkpoint blockade has demonstrated great success in tumor immunotherapy, active induction of efficient endogenous CTL response by therapeutic vaccines has been largely hampered by inefficient cytosolic delivery of antigens and coordinated activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes. Here we show that polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) micelles transform soluble peptides into α-helix to enable their efficient cytosolic delivery. The same PEG-PE micelles also serve as chaperon of TLR4 signaling to coordinate its adjuvant effect on the same DCs. Furthermore, these nanovaccines effectively target lymph node DCs. Thus, PEG-PE micelle vaccines program at multiple key aspects for inducing strong CTL responses and build up a foundation for combinational tumor therapy.
Two-stage opening of the Dover Strait and the origin of island Britain
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Collier Jenny S. , Garcia-Moreno David , Oggioni Francesca , Trentesaux Alain , Vanneste Kris , De Batist Marc , Camelbeeck Thierry , Potter Graeme , Van Vliet-Lanoë Brigitte , Arthur John C. R.
Published: April 2017

Late Quaternary separation of Britain from mainland Europe is considered to be a consequence of spillover of a large proglacial lake in the Southern North Sea basin. Lake spillover is inferred to have caused breaching of a rock ridge at the Dover Strait, although this hypothesis remains untested. Here we show that opening of the Strait involved at least two major episodes of erosion. Sub-bottom records reveal a remarkable set of sediment-infilled depressions that are deeply incised into bedrock that we interpret as giant plunge pools. These support a model of initial erosion of the Dover Strait by lake overspill, plunge pool erosion by waterfalls and subsequent dam breaching. Cross-cutting of these landforms by a prominent bedrock-eroded valley that is characterized by features associated with catastrophic flooding indicates final breaching of the Strait by high-magnitude flows. These events set-up conditions for island Britain during sea-level highstands and caused large-scale re-routing of NW European drainage.
Integrated molecular landscape of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Klemann C. J. H. M. , Martens G. J. M. , Sharma M. , Martens M. B. , Isacson O. , Gasser T. , Visser J. E. , Poelmans G.
Published: April 2017

Parkinson’s disease is caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although a number of independent molecular pathways and processes have been associated with familial Parkinson’s disease, a common mechanism underlying especially sporadic Parkinson’s disease is still largely unknown. In order to gain further insight into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, we here conducted genetic network and literature analyses to integrate the top-ranked findings from thirteen published genome-wide association studies of Parkinson’s disease (involving 13.094 cases and 47.148 controls) and other genes implicated in (familial) Parkinson’s disease, into a molecular interaction landscape. The molecular Parkinson’s disease landscape harbors four main biological processes—oxidative stress response, endosomal-lysosomal functioning, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and immune response activation—that interact with each other and regulate dopaminergic neuron function and death, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, lipids and lipoproteins are functionally involved in and influenced by all these processes, and affect dopaminergic neuron-specific signaling cascades. Furthermore, we validate the Parkinson’s disease -lipid relationship by genome-wide association studies data-based polygenic risk score analyses that indicate a shared genetic risk between lipid/lipoprotein traits and Parkinson’s disease. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathways underlying the etiology of (sporadic) Parkinson’s disease and highlight a key role for lipids and lipoproteins in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis, providing important clues for the development of disease-modifying treatments of Parkinson’s disease.
Dopamine D2 receptors and the circadian clock reciprocally mediate antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances
Authors: Freyberg Zachary , McCarthy Michael J.
Published: April 2017

Antipsychotic drugs are widely prescribed medications, used for numerous psychiatric illnesses. However, antipsychotic drugs cause serious metabolic side effects that can lead to substantial weight gain and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. While individual drugs differ, all antipsychotic drugs may cause these important side effects to varying degrees. Given that the single unifying property shared by these medications is blockade of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, these receptors likely play a role in antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic side effects. Dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are expressed in brain regions critical for metabolic regulation and appetite. Surprisingly, these receptors are also expressed peripherally in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. By inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are important mediators of pancreatic insulin release. Crucially, antipsychotic drugs disrupt this peripheral metabolic regulatory mechanism. At the same time, disruptions to circadian timing have been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for metabolic disturbance. Reciprocal dopamine and circadian signaling is important for the timing of appetitive/feeding behaviors and insulin release, thereby coordinating cell metabolism with caloric intake. In particular, circadian regulation of dopamine D2 receptor/dopamine D3 receptor signaling may play a critical role in metabolism. Therefore, we propose that antipsychotic drugs’ blockade of dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine D3 receptors in pancreatic beta cells, hypothalamus, and striatum disrupts the cellular timing mechanisms that regulate metabolism. Ultimately, understanding the relationships between the dopamine system and circadian clocks may yield critical new biological insights into mechanisms of antipsychotic drug action, which can then be applied into clinical practice.
Zero-tolerance biosecurity protects high-conservation-value island nature reserve
Authors: Scott John K. , McKirdy Simon J. , van der Merwe Johann , Green Roy , Burbidge Andrew A. , Pickles Greg , Hardie Darryl C. , Morris Keith , Kendrick Peter G. , Thomas Melissa L. , Horton Kristin L. , O’Connor Simon M. , Downs Justin , Stoklosa Richard , Lagdon Russell , Marks Barbara , Nairn Malcolm , Mengersen Kerrie
Published: April 2017

Barrow Island, north-west coast of Australia, is one of the world’s significant conservation areas, harboring marsupials that have become extinct or threatened on mainland Australia as well as a rich diversity of plants and animals, some endemic. Access to construct a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant, Australia’s largest infrastructure development, on the island was conditional on no non-indigenous species (NIS) becoming established. We developed a comprehensive biosecurity system to protect the island’s biodiversity. From 2009 to 2015 more than 0.5 million passengers and 12.2 million tonnes of freight were transported to the island under the biosecurity system, requiring 1.5 million hrs of inspections. No establishments of NIS were detected. We made four observations that will assist development of biosecurity systems. Firstly, the frequency of detections of organisms corresponded best to a mixture log-normal distribution including the high number of zero inspections and extreme values involving rare incursions. Secondly, comprehensive knowledge of the island’s biota allowed estimation of false positive detections (62% native species). Thirdly, detections at the border did not predict incursions on the island. Fourthly, the workforce detected more than half post-border incursions (59%). Similar approaches can and should be implemented for all areas of significant conservation value.