bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a prediction model to assess the probability of tuberculous pleural effusion in patients with unexplained pleural effusion
Authors: Lei Xiaoli , Wang Junli , Yang Zhigang
Published: July 2023

Differentiating tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) from non-tuberculosis pleural effusion remains a challenge in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a novel prediction model using the peripheral blood tuberculous infection of T cells spot test (T-SPOT.TB) to assess the probability of TPE in patients with unexplained pleural effusion. Patients with pleural effusion and confirmed etiology were included in this study. A retrospective derivation population was used to develop and internally validate the predictive model. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory features were collected, and important predictors were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prediction model, presented as a web calculator, was developed using multivariable logistic regression. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated for discrimination and calibration and verified in an independent validation population. The developed prediction model included age, positive T-SPOT.TB result, logarithm of the ratio of mononuclear cells to multiple nuclear cells in pleural effusion (lnRMMPE), and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion ≥ 40 U/L. The model demonstrated good discrimination [with area under the curve of 0.837 and 0.903, respectively] and calibration (with a Brier score of 0.159 and 0.119, respectively) in both the derivation population and the validation population. Using a cutoff value of 60%, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying TPE were 70% and 88%, respectively, in the derivation population, and 77% and 92%, respectively, in the validation population. A novel predictive model based on T-SPOT.TB was developed and externally validated, demonstrating good diagnostic performance in identifying TPE.
The proline effect and the tryptophan immonium ion assist in de novo sequencing of adipokinetic hormones
Authors: König Simone , Marco Heather G. , Gäde Gerd
Published: July 2023

Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in Arthopoda are characterized by special sequence features including limited choices of amino acid residues in certain positions, such as Trp in position 8. Over 100 different AKHs have been described, but de novo sequencing of novel peptide hormones can be a challenge. In a project of analyzing corpora cardiaca extracts from two fly species, two different moths, a termite and a beetle for their AKHs, we noted specific patterns in the fragmentation spectra of octapeptides in electrospray Q-TOF experiments resulting from the presence of Pro in position 6. The preference for cleavage N-terminal to Pro residues created an abundant y3″-ion, which, in conjunction with the two b-ions resulting from the fragmentation before and after Pro, provided a marker pattern. As Pro6 occurs in about 61% of known AKHs, this information is highly relevant for sequence elucidation. Moreover, the default presence of Trp8 allowed the use of its immonium ion for AKH candidate identification. In addition, we assembled the known AKH sequences from the literature and sequences of AKH-type format found in the Uniprot database in a single online resource. These efforts assisted in the analysis workflow and led to the assignment of two novel AKHs and evidence for the presence of Melme-CC and Dorpa-AKH in the corpus cardiacum of the scarab beetle Sinodendron cylindricum.
Observational evidence of legacy effects of the 2018 drought on a mixed deciduous forest in Germany
Authors: Pohl Felix , Werban Ulrike , Kumar Rohini , Hildebrandt Anke , Rebmann Corinna
Published: July 2023

Forests play a major role in the global carbon cycle, and droughts have been shown to explain much of the interannual variability in the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The quantification of drought legacy effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes is a challenging task, and research on the ecosystem scale remains sparse. In this study we investigate the delayed response of an extreme drought event on the carbon cycle in the mixed deciduous forest site ’Hohes Holz’ (DE-HoH) located in Central Germany, using the measurements taken between 2015 and 2020. Our analysis demonstrates that the extreme drought and heat event in 2018 had strong legacy effects on the carbon cycle in 2019, but not in 2020. On an annual basis, net ecosystem productivity was $$\sim 16\,\%$$

∼
16

%

higher in 2018 ($$\sim 424\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
424

g
C

m

-
2

) and $$\sim 25\,\%$$

∼
25

%

lower in 2019 ($$\sim 274\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
274

g
C

m

-
2

) compared to pre-drought years ($$\sim 367\,{\hbox {g}_{\text {C}}}\hbox {m}^{-2}$$

∼
367

g
C

m

-
2

). Using spline regression, we show that while current hydrometeorological conditions can explain forest productivity in 2020, they do not fully explain the decrease in productivity in 2019. Including long-term drought information in the statistical model reduces overestimation error of productivity in 2019 by nearly $$50\,\%$$

50

%

. We also found that short-term drought events have positive impacts on the carbon cycle at the beginning of the vegetation season, but negative impacts in later summer, while long-term drought events have generally negative impacts throughout the growing season. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering the diverse and complex impacts of extreme events on ecosystem fluxes, including the timing, temporal scale, and magnitude of the events, and the need to use consistent definitions of drought to clearly convey immediate and delayed responses.
Sunflower seed cake as a source of nutrients in gluten-free bread
Authors: Blicharz-Kania Agata , Pecyna Anna , Zdybel Beata , Andrejko Dariusz , Marczuk Andrzej
Published: July 2023

An increase in the demand for cold-pressed vegetable oils can be observed, e.g. from sunflower. The press cake formed during sunflower oil production can also be an important source of protein, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. The aim of the study was to examine the quality of gluten-free breads fortified with sunflower seed cake. The fortified products were characterized by lower moisture content (49.35–48.87%). The bake loss parameter decreased after the use of the highest 15% dose of the sunflower cake. The addition of the sunflower cake caused an increase in the content of nutrients, compared to the control sample: protein (7.44–9.69%d.b.), fat (3.41–10.72%d.b.), crude fiber (1.23–2.34%d.b.), polyphenols (89.3–222.3 mg·100 gd.b.−1), and soluble sugars (2.42–2.73%d.b.). The gluten-free breads with the sunflower seed cake exhibited lower hardness, springiness, and chewiness but higher cohesiveness. The use of the additive contributed to the darkening of the gluten-free bread crumb. The appearance, consistency, aroma, and palatability of the sunflower cake-fortified gluten-free bread were found to be much more attractive than the parameters of the unmodified bread. The conducted research has shown that, thanks to sunflower cake addition, it is possible to obtain a highly nutritious product with desirable sensory quality.
Tunable interplay between exchange coupling and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial CoO/Au/Fe trilayers
Authors: Nayyef H. , Świerkosz E. , Janus W. , Klimeczek A. , Szpytma M. , Zając M. , Dróżdż P. , Kozioł-Rachwał A. , Ślęzak T. , Ślęzak M.
Published: July 2023

We show that the interaction between ferromagnetic Fe(110) and antiferromagnetic CoO(111) sublayers can be mediated and precisely tuned by a nonmagnetic Au spacer. Our results prove that the thickness of the Fe and Au layers can be chosen to modify the effective anisotropy of the Fe layer and the strength of the exchange bias interaction between Fe and CoO sublayers. Well-defined and tailorable magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnet above Néel temperature of the antiferromagnet is a determining factor that governs exchange bias and interfacial CoO spins orientation at low temperatures. In particular, depending on the room temperature magnetic state of Fe, the low-temperature exchange bias in a zero-field cooled system can be turned “off” or “on”. The other way around, we show that exchange bias can be the dominating magnetic anisotropy source for the ferromagnet and it is feasible to induce a 90-degree rotation of the easy axis as compared to the initial, exchange bias-free easy axis orientation.
An implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI
Authors: Nemirovsky Idan E. , Popiel Nicholas J. M. , Rudas Jorge , Caius Matthew , Naci Lorina , Schiff Nicholas D. , Owen Adrian M. , Soddu Andrea
Published: July 2023

Integrated Information Theory was developed to explain and quantify consciousness, arguing that conscious systems consist of elements that are integrated through their causal properties. This study presents an implementation of Integrated Information Theory 3.0, the latest version of this framework, to functional MRI data. Data were acquired from 17 healthy subjects who underwent sedation with propofol, a short-acting anaesthetic. Using the PyPhi software package, we systematically analyze how Φmax, a measure of integrated information, is modulated by the sedative in different resting-state networks. We compare Φmaxto other proposed measures of conscious level, including the previous version of integrated information, Granger causality, and correlation-based functional connectivity. Our results indicate that Φmaxpresents a variety of sedative-induced behaviours for different networks. Notably, changes to Φmaxclosely reflect changes to subjects’ conscious level in the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, which are responsible for higher-order cognitive functions. In conclusion, our findings present important insight into different measures of conscious level that will be useful in future implementations to functional MRI and other forms of neuroimaging.
Molecular mechanism of ensitrelvir inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease and its variants
Authors: Lin Mengmeng , Zeng Xudong , Duan Yinkai , Yang Zinan , Ma Yuanyuan , Yang Haitao , Yang Xiuna , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2023

SARS-CoV-2 poses an unprecedented threat to the world as the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a handful of therapeutics developed for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensitrelvir is the first noncovalent and nonpeptide oral inhibitor targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which recently received emergency regulatory approval in Japan. Here we determined a 1.8-Å structure of Mpro in complex with ensitrelvir, which revealed that ensitrelvir targets the substrate-binding pocket of Mpro, specifically recognizing its S1, S2, and S1' subsites. Further, our comprehensive biochemical and structural data have demonstrated that even though ensitrelvir and nirmatrelvir (an FDA-approved drug) belong to different types of Mpro inhibitors, both of them remain to be effective against Mpros from all five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, suggesting Mpro is a bona fide broad-spectrum target. The molecular mechanisms uncovered in this study provide basis for future inhibitor design.
Machine learning of atomic dynamics and statistical surface identities in gold nanoparticles
Authors: Rapetti Daniele , Delle Piane Massimo , Cioni Matteo , Polino Daniela , Ferrando Riccardo , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: July 2023

It is known that metal nanoparticles (NPs) may be dynamic and atoms may move within them even at fairly low temperatures. Characterizing such complex dynamics is key for understanding NPs’ properties in realistic regimes, but detailed information on, e.g., the stability, survival, and interconversion rates of the atomic environments (AEs) populating them are non-trivial to attain. In this study, we decode the intricate atomic dynamics of metal NPs by using a machine learning approach analyzing high-dimensional data obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. Using different-shape gold NPs as a representative example, an AEs’ dictionary allows us to label step-by-step the individual atoms in the NPs, identifying the native and non-native AEs and populating them along the MD simulations at various temperatures. By tracking the emergence, annihilation, lifetime, and dynamic interconversion of the AEs, our approach permits estimating a “statistical equivalent identity” for metal NPs, providing a comprehensive picture of the intrinsic atomic dynamics that shape their properties.
Reinforcement learning optimization of reaction routes on the basis of large, hybrid organic chemistry–synthetic biological, reaction network data
Authors: Zhang Chonghuan , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: July 2023

Computer-assisted synthesis planning (CASP) accelerates the development of organic synthesis routes of complex functional molecules.
Electron beam irradiation modified carboxymethyl chitin microsphere-based hemostatic materials with strong blood cell adsorption for hemorrhage control
Authors: Leng Fan , Li Taotao , Li Tongfei , Xie Cong , Jiang Xulin
Published: July 2023

Novel biodegradable carboxymethyl chitin hemostatic microspheres grafted with acrylic acid using electron beam irradiation and modified with dopamine show a strong affinity to blood cells for effective bleeding control under coagulopathy.
A trade-off between ligand coating and crystallinity of Gd-doped ultrasmall CeO2for improving relaxivity
Authors: Ma Qian , Wang Hui , Nie Qiangqiang , Xu Suying , Wang Leyu
Published: July 2023

Rational engineering of crystallinity and surface ligand coating of ultrasmall Gd-doped CeO2particles was pursued to improve theT1-weighted MRI performance with responsive photoacoustic imaging properties.
Two fluorinated thulium complexes as molecular temperature sensors in MR applications
Authors: Mysegaes Felix , Voigt Pauline , Spiteller Peter , Prediger Isabell , Bernarding Johannes , Plaumann Markus
Published: July 2023

The syntheses and characterization of two Tm3+ complexes for MR applications is presented. Cell viability was studied and stability of each complex was investigated. Both complexes allow the detection of temperature without a reference compound.
Molecular dynamics simulation insight into topological structure dependence of self-healing polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Shang Wei , Hou Guanyi , Ren Runhan , Li Xinyu , Weng Yunxuan , Liu Jun
Published: July 2023

Topological NPs in PNCs were analyzed for their impact on performance. Linear NPs exhibited superior mechanics, while Ring NPs tended to stack due to their smooth shape. Cross NPs enabled spatial cross-linking among the NPs.
Doubly ionized OCS bond rearrangement upon fragmentation – experiment and theory
Authors: Jarraya Mahmoud , Wallner Måns , Ben Yaghlane Saida , Olsson Emelie , Ideböhn Veronica , Squibb Richard J. , Palaudoux Jérôme , Nyman Gunnar , Al-Mogren Muneerah Mogren , Eland John H. D. , Feifel Raimund , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: July 2023

Using a combined theoretical and experimental approach we shed light on the complex fragmentation dynamics of the OCS dication.
Boosting the mono-axial crystal field in stable high-coordinate Dy(iii) single-ion magnets by substitution of the phenoxy axial ligand
Authors: Zhang Ben , Zhou Yang , Dong Chang , Xiang Yi , Shi Yanbo , Zhang Chennan , Yuan Aihua , Zheng Shaojun , Li Zhao-Yang , Zhang Yi-Quan , Yang Yong , Chen Lei
Published: July 2023

Two air-stable eight-coordinate mononuclear Dy(iii) SMMs with a triangular dodecahedron exhibit high energy barriers of 444 K and 478 K and magnetic hysteresis temperatures of up to 8 K, which is attributed to one strong and short Dy–O bond.
Unveiling the capabilities of bipolar conical channels in neuromorphic iontronics
Authors: Kamsma T. M. , Boon W. Q. , Spitoni C. , van Roij R.
Published: July 2023

We quantitatively explain the diodic and memristive properties of conical ion channels with bipolar surface charges. A modelled iontronic circuit of these channels exhibits neuronal spiking with membrane potentials comparable to mammalian values.
From shrimp balls to hydrogen bubbles: borohydride hydrolysis catalysed by flexible cobalt chitosan spheres
Authors: Pope Frances , Jonk Jeffrey , Fowler Millie , Laan Petrus C. M. , Geels Norbert J. , Drangai Larissa , Gitis Vitaly , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: July 2023

Encapsulating cobalt oxide particles in flexible “macroreactor” chitosan spheres prevents catalyst degradation during hydrogen generation.
The design of alternative anodic reactions paired with electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Chen Honglei , Ding Chenglong , Kang Caitao , Zeng Jiahong , Li Yao , Li Yanming , Li Yuanli , Li Changli , He Jingfu
Published: July 2023

A schematic diagram of a coupled electrolysis system of alternative anodic reactions and CO2RR.
Recent advances in defect-engineered molybdenum sulfides for catalytic applications
Authors: Zhao Yunxing , Zheng Xiaolin , Gao Pingqi , Li Hong
Published: July 2023

Applications of various defective molybdenum sulfides in diverse catalytic reactions are reviewed, including design, methods, mechanisms, active sites, and performance.
Colloidal synthesis of the mixed ionic–electronic conducting NaSbS2 nanocrystals
Authors: Zubair Maria , Ahad Syed Abdul , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Lebedev Vasily A. , Mishra Mohini , Geaney Hugh , Singh Shalini , Ryan Kevin M.
Published: July 2023

Mixed ionic-electronic conducting NaSbS2 NCs with different sizes (50 to 90 nm) and shapes (cube, quasi-spherical cuboctahedra and truncated cubes) were synthesized using a colloidal approach by systematically changing the reaction parameters.
Binary Co9S8–NiCo2S4 anchored on N-doped rGO backbone as an efficient bifunctional and durable hetero-catalyst for overall water-splitting in alkaline medium
Authors: Ali Mubashir , Wahid Malik , Majid Kowsar
Published: July 2023

A schematic illustration depicting the electrochemical water splitting by Co9S8–NiCo2S4/N-rGO heterocatalyst.
Synergy of highly dispersed Pd and the oxygen-vacancy-promoted hydrodeoxygenation of lactic acid to propionic acid
Authors: Zhao Mei , Tang Congming , Ma Kai , Li Xinli
Published: July 2023

This work provides an efficient strategy for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of lactic acid to propionic acid, with an enhanced propionic acid selectivity from 62.3% to 92.4% by integrating surface defects with the highly dispersed Pd species.
Synthesis of model southern rim structures of photosynthetic tetrapyrroles and phyllobilins
Authors: Nguyen Tran Anh Thu , Wu Zhiyuan , Chung Duy T. M. , Nalaoh Phattananawee , Lindsey Jonathan S.
Published: July 2023

Two simple pyrroles react in two simple reactions to afford a dipyrromethane analogue of the southern rim of native tetrapyrroles and their catabolites.
Ultrasmall Pt NPs-modified flasklike colloidal motors with high mobility and enhanced ion tolerance
Authors: Yuan Shurui , Yang Ling , Lin Xiankun , He Qiang
Published: July 2023

A ligand-free ultrasmall Pt NPs-modified flasklike colloidal motor exhibits ultrafast motility and enhanced ion tolerance.
Surface charge dynamics on air-exposed ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(001) thin films
Authors: Abramiuc Laura E. , Tănase Liviu C. , Prieto Mauricio J. , de Souza Caldas Lucas , Tiwari Aarti , Apostol Nicoleta G. , Huşanu Marius A. , Chirilă Cristina F. , Trupină Lucian , Schmidt Thomas , Pintilie Lucian , Teodorescu Cristian M.
Published: July 2023

Probing of the free surface ferroelectric properties of thin polar films can be achieved either by estimating the band bending variance under the top-most layer or studying the extent of extrinsic charge accumulated outside the surface.
Correction: Superconductivity in functionalized niobium-carbide MXenes
Authors: Sevik Cem , Bekaert Jonas , Milošević Milorad V.
Published: July 2023

Correction for ‘Superconductivity in functionalized niobium-carbide MXenes’ by Cem Sevik et al., Nanoscale, 2023, 15, 8792–8799, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR00347G.
Development of an activity-based chemiluminogenic probe for γ-glutamylcyclotransferase
Authors: Nohara Yukie , Taniguchi Keiko , Ii Hiromi , Masuda Shun , Kawakami Hiroko , Matsumoto Masakatsu , Hattori Yasunao , Kageyama Susumu , Sakai Toshiyuki , Nakata Susumu , Yoshiya Taku
Published: July 2023

A novel cell-permeable chemiluminogenic GGCT probe “MAM-LISA-103” was developed, which can detect intracellular GGCT activity and be applied to tumor-bioimaging.
Recent progress in borate-based short-wavelength nonlinear optical crystals with boron–oxygen skeleton modification
Authors: Cheng Meng , Hou Xueling , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: July 2023

Recent progress and prospects of borate-based short-wavelength NLO crystals with modified boron-oxygen skeleton have been surveyed and analyzed focusing on the crystal structure features, cutoff edges, birefringence and SHG responses.
Use of newly synthetized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide for the sensitive analysis of antidepressant drugs, duloxetine and vilazodone in wastewater and urine samples
Authors: Ulusoy Halil Ibrahim , Polat Ummugulsum , Ulusoy Songül
Published: July 2023

A new enrichment and determination method involving HPLC-DAD analysis following magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) was developed to detect trace amounts of two antidepressant drugs, namely, duloxetine (DUL) and vilazodone (VIL).
Effect of low dissolved oxygen concentration on the defects and composition of regenerated passive film of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under continuous wear
Authors: Du Xinyu , Shi Wei , Xiang Song
Published: July 2023

The protective ability of the regenerated passive film decreased sharply under low DOC. Al and V ions dissolved in excess, and a large number of oxygen atoms entered the matrix, leading to internal oxidation.
Influence of Mo modification on coaromatization coupling methanol with n-hexane over [Zn,Mo]/HZSM-5 catalysts
Authors: Zhu Bing , Li Haibo , Wang Xue , Fan Subing , Lv Junmin , Zhao Tian-sheng
Published: July 2023

Zn and Mo modified HZSM-5 catalyst benefits the formation of aromatics and the yield of BTX reached 64%. The influence of Mo content on the catalytic performance and carbon deposit were investigated in detail.
Outstanding capacity assimilated from lithium-rich manganese nickel oxide flexible cathode material relies on CNT-wrapped carbon fibers for flexible lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Karuthedath Parameswaran Abhilash , Děkanovský Lukáš , Mazánek Vlastimil , Pazhaniswamy Sivaraj , Sofer Zdenek
Published: July 2023

The synergic interaction between highly graphitized CNTs and LRMNO nanoparticles to expedite the extraction of two Li-ions per formula unit from the Li-rich cathode materials.
Study on fabricating transparent, stretchable, and self-healing ionic conductive elastomers from biomass molecules through solvent-free synthesis
Authors: Wu Zhaolin , Guo Yuhang , Qin MingZhi , Liao Chaoyou , Wang Xiufen , Zhang Liqun
Published: July 2023

We propose a simple and effective strategy for increasing the conductivity of polyTA by copolymerization reactions, and a series of autonomously self-healing, transparent, liquid-free ionic conductors was prepared.
Control of charge transport in electronically active systems towards integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC)
Authors: Dumont Ryan , Dowdell Juwaan , Song Jisoo , Li Jiani , Wang Suwan , Kang Wei , Li Bo
Published: July 2023

Crafting integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC) via self-assembly of electronically active molecules using a “bottom-up” paradigm provides a potential solution to the technological challenges of the miniaturization of silicon-based electronics.
The effect of non-intrinsic factors on pulse discharge and energy releasing performance of dielectric ceramics
Authors: Xie Haochen , Pu Yongping , Shang Yangchao , Zhang Lei , Wang Bo , Hao Yuxing
Published: July 2023

The influence of non-intrinsic factors on the charge–discharge performance of energy storage ceramic capacitors is studied, and an ideal test standard for charge–discharge of energy storage ceramic capacitors is proposed.
Integrated spatio‐temporal process monitoring and fault spatial location for the laminar cooling of hot‐rolled strip steel
Authors: Wang Qiang , Peng Kaixiang
Published: July 2023

Laminar cooling process is crucial for the production and the quality of the strip steel in the hot‐rolled strip steel. Abnormalities or faults influence the temperature distributions in the direction of the length and the thickness, which determine the mechanical and physical performance of the strip steel. Considering that the spatial distribution of the strip temperature is hardly measured, the distributed parameter model can be constructed to deal with the problem of the abnormality detection and location. In this paper, a process monitoring and fault spatial location method with spatio‐temporal integration is proposed for the laminar cooling. First, a spatio‐temporal model is constructed by multi‐modelling method to monitor the spatial distribution of the strip temperature, and the dimension of the local thermodynamic model is reduced by time‐space separation. Then, a residual generator is provided for fault detection in the data‐driven realization, and the statistic and the threshold are formed to evaluate it. Next, the spatial location of the fault can be identified by reconstruction based contribution method. Finally, an experiment is conducted to demonstrate the practical application effects by a real laminar cooling process data.
Enhancing human parsing with region‐level learning
Authors: Zhou Yanghong , Mok P. Y.
Published: July 2023

Human parsing is very important in a diverse range of industrial applications. Despite the considerable progress that has been achieved, the performance of existing methods is still less than satisfactory, since these methods learn the shared features of various parsing labels at the image level. This limits the representativeness of the learnt features, especially when the distribution of parsing labels is imbalanced or the scale of different labels is substantially different. To address this limitation, a Region‐level Parsing Refiner (RPR) is proposed to enhance parsing performance by the introduction of region‐level parsing learning. Region‐level parsing focuses specifically on small regions of the body, for example, the head. The proposed RPR is an adaptive module that can be integrated with different existing human parsing models to improve their performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of our RPR model in terms of improving the overall parsing performance as well as parsing rare labels. This method was successfully applied to a commercial application for the extraction of human body measurements and has been used in various online shopping platforms for clothing size recommendations. The code and dataset are released at this link https://github.com/applezhouyp/PRP.
What long-period comets tell us about the Oort Cloud
Authors: Fouchard Marc , Higuchi Arika , Ito Takashi
Published: July 2023

Context. The Oort Cloud is located in the farthest outskirts of the Solar System, extending to a heliocentric distance of several tens of thousands of au, and remains the last region of the Solar System where no object has been detected. Thus, all our knowledge of the Oort Cloud has been deduced from the observed long-period comets that are thought to originate from it.

Aims. We aimed to retrieve valuable information that might be hidden in the orbital distributions of the observed long-period comets. Such information will allow us to impose constraints not only on the present shape of the Oort Cloud but also on its initial shape 4.5 Gyr ago. This has direct implications for the scenario proposed for its formation.

Methods. We used two different databases of long-period comets. First, we calculated the distribution of orbital elements that might carry valuable information about the shape of the Oort Cloud. Then, we compared the distribution with that obtained from two synthetic samples of observable comets. These samples correspond to two considerably different initial configurations: one is a disk model, where we consider a swarm of comets with orbits aligned to the ecliptic plane and with a cometary perihelion close to the giant planets. The other is an isotropic model, where we consider a fully isotropic and thermalized initial distribution of comets.

Results. The comparison revealed that the databases contained several features that were in better agreement with the disk model than with the isotropic model. The Oort Cloud contained an initial disk of objects with perihelia close to the planetary region of the Solar System and aphelia extending out to roughly 20 000 au. Some parts of this disk likely remain in the present Solar System. However, the fit to the disk model is poor. The discrepancy between the observational and synthetic results indicates that some dynamical processes in the current Oort Cloud were not included in either model.

Conclusions. This initial shape of the Oort Cloud implies that planetary scattering was crucial during its formation. In addition, the fact that some dynamical features are still detec table 4.5 Gyr after the cloud formation imposes constraints on the role of exosolar effects, such as giant molecular clouds, Galactic tides, and the stellar cluster surrounding the Solar System at the time of its formation.
Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria, Cruorifilaria and Dipetalonema-like filarial nematodes in ticks of French Guiana
Authors: Binetruy Florian , Duron Olivier
Published: July 2023

Filarial nematodes of the Dipetalonema lineage are widespread parasites and include some species that are transmitted by ticks. In this study, we conducted a large molecular survey of ticks in French Guiana, South America, to understand the overall diversity of tick-borne filarioids in this remote region largely covered by dense tropical forests. Out of 682 ticks belonging to 22 species and 6 genera, 21 ticks (3.1%) of the species Amblyomma cajennense, A. oblongoguttatum, A. romitii, Ixodes luciae and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato were positive for infection by filarioids. Molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis identified all these filarioids as members of the Dipetalonema lineage. While the filarioid of R. sanguineus sensu lato is a previously described species, the canine worm Cercopithifilaria bainae Almeida & Vicente, 1984, all other filarioids detected in this study are related but distinct to already known species in the genera Cercopithifilaria, Cruorifilaria and Dipetalonema. Their vertebrate host range may include a wide variety of mammals present in French Guiana, but dogs, capybaras, and opossums are the best candidate hosts for some of these filarioids. Although the detection of members of the Dipetalonema lineage in ticks of significant medical or veterinary interest is of concern, the risk of contracting a tick-borne filarial infection is still largely unknown. The pathogenicity of these filarioids, their epidemiology, developmental cycles, and mechanisms of transmission by South American tick species now require further study.
The Role of Indocyanine Green in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Surgery: Systematic Review
Authors: Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Camps Juan , Hernandez Oliveros Francisco
Published: July 2023

The use of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is actually considered as a very useful tool in decision-making strategy during challenging surgical procedures with a growing evidence in the literature. Our aim is to perform a systematic review focusing on ICG applications in gastrointestinal surgery. We conducted a systematic review with narrative synthesis in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases to identify articles describing the gastrointestinal perioperative use of ICG in children. We extracted data on study design, demographics, surgical indications, ICG dose, and perioperative outcomes. Eleven articles, including 94 pediatric patients, from 2013 to 2022 met the inclusion criteria for narrative synthesis in our systematic review, of which 6/11 (54.5%) were case reports, 4/11 (36.4%) were retrospective studies, and 1/11 (0.1%) were case series. Current clinical applications of ICG in gastrointestinal pediatric surgery included: esophagogastric surgery in 4/11 articles (36.4%), intestinal and pancreatic surgery in 3/11 articles (27.2%), and colorectal surgery in 4/11 articles (36.4%). ICG fluorescence in gastrointestinal pediatric surgery is a promising and safe technology that facilitates intraoperative localization of anatomical structures to achieve a more precise dissection and avoid injury to other adjacent tissues. It can be considered as a meaningful tool for assessing intestinal viability, as it provides objective data on tissue perfusion, and can impact the intraoperative decision in reconstructive surgeries requiring anastomosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these initial promising results. The lack of comparative and prospective studies is still the main limitation.
Green Synthesis of Pyrazoles: Recent Developments in Aqueous Methods
Authors: Pundeer Rashmi , Singh Sushma , Yadav Sidhant , Minakshi Minakshi
Published: July 2023

Organic syntheses by adopting green protocols such as sonochemical procedures, microwave technologies, solvent-free conditions, green solvents, heterogeneous catalysis particularly nanocatalysts, ionic liquids have replaced traditional procedures due to concerns pertaining especially to the environment. The heterocycle, pyrazole, due to its multifaceted applications, has been the target of chemists and therefore various synthetic approaches have been developed to synthesize pyrazole-containing molecules. In the present compilation, we have summarized recent water-based research work on the synthesis of pyrazoles.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrazoles

3 Synthesis of Fused Pyrazoles in Water without Catalyst

3.1 Fused [5-5]System (3 Heteroatoms): Furo[2,3-c]pyrazoles

3.2 Fused [5-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

3.3 Fused [5-6-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolones

4 Synthesis of Fused Pyrazoles in Water Using Catalyst

4.1 Fused [5-5]System (3 Heteroatoms): Furo[2,3-c]pyrazoles

4.2 Fused [5-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

4.3 Fused [5-6-6]System (2 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazines

4.4 Fused [5-6-6]System (3 Heteroatoms): Benzopyranopyrazoles

4.5 Fused [5-6-6]System (5 Heteroatoms): Pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido
[2,3- d]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines

5 Conclusions
Percutaneous Antegrade Transvenous Variceal Obliteration for Portal Vesiculopathy-Related Gross Hematuria
Authors: N. Salal , Shaw Amar Narayan , Chatterjee Pritam , Ravikumar Radhakrishnan
Published: July 2023

Vesical varices secondary to portal hypertension are extremely rare cause of hematuria with only a few cases reported to date. We report a case of portal vesiculopathy in a patient of hepatitis B virus-related chronic liver disease presenting with gross hematuria, successfully treated with percutaneous antegrade transvenous obliteration using n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue and Amplatzer vascular plug.
Rehabilitation after Distal Radius Fractures: Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Meijer Henriëtte A.W. , Obdeijn Miryam C. , van Loon Justin , van den Heuvel Stein B.M. , van den Brink Lianne C. , Schijven Marlies P. , Goslings J. Carel , Schepers Tim
Published: July 2023

Background Exercises are frequently prescribed to regain function; yet there is no consensus on a standardized protocol, and adherence is low. Smart technology innovations, such as mobile applications, may be useful to provide home-based patient support in rehabilitation after distal radius fractures.

Purposes Our purpose was to establish the potential of digital innovations for support and monitoring of patients and treatment adherence in rehabilitation programs, and additionally, to compare the current practice among physiotherapists to the various wrist exercise regimens and their effectiveness as described in the literature.

Methods Standard practice, including the use of support tools for treatment adherence, was evaluated using a nationwide survey. Then, scientific databases were searched using “distal radius fracture” and “physiotherapy” or “exercise therapy,” and related search terms, up until 23 March 2023. Results of the survey and literature review were compared.

Results The survey was completed by 92 therapists. Nonstandardized support tools were used by 81.6% of respondents; 53.2% used some form of technology, including taking photos on the patients' smartphone for home reference. In the literature review, 23 studies were included, of which five described an exercise protocol. Treatment adherence was not reported in any of the included studies. Two studies described the use of smart technology or support tools.

Conclusions There is no consensus on a standardized exercise protocol for rehabilitation after distal radius fractures, neither from a systematic literature search nor from a nationwide survey. Smart technology may facilitate monitoring of patients and exercise adherence, hereby supporting self-efficacy and improving adherence and outcomes.
An experimental study of the energy band alignments of B(Al, Ga)N heterojunctions
Authors: Rather Muzafar Ahmad , Ravi Loganathan , Yu Tung-Yuan , Wu Chien-Ting , Lin Kun-Lin , Lai Kun-Yu , Chyi Jen-Inn
Published: July 2023

The range of applications of the common III-nitride semiconductors (Al, Ga, In)N can be extended through bandgap engineering with the inclusion of boron and forming their heterojunctions. In this study, the band alignments of B(Al, Ga)N alloys with common III-nitrides are investigated using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. A type-I straddling-gap band alignment is identified for a B0.06Ga0.94N/AlN heterojunction with a valence band offset (VBO) and conduction band offset (CBO) of 1.1 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.2 eV, respectively, whereas a type-II band alignment is observed on a B0.06Ga0.94N/GaN heterojunction with a VBO of 0.3 ± 0.2 and a CBO of 0.2 ± 0.2 eV. In addition, a type-I band alignment is deduced for both the B0.13Al0.87N/AlN and B0.13Al0.87N/GaN heterojunctions.
Advances in ultrafast plasmonics
Authors: Koya Alemayehu Nana , Romanelli Marco , Kuttruff Joel , Henriksson Nils , Stefancu Andrei , Grinblat Gustavo , De Andres Aitor , Schnur Fritz , Vanzan Mirko , Marsili Margherita , Rahaman Mahfujur , Viejo Rodríguez Alba , Tapani Tlek , Lin Haifeng , Dana Bereket Dalga , Lin Jingquan , Barbillon Grégory , Proietti Zaccaria Remo , Brida Daniele , Jariwala Deep , Veisz László , Cortés Emiliano , Corni Stefano , Garoli Denis , Maccaferri Nicolò
Published: July 2023

In the past 20 years, we have reached a broad understanding of many light-driven phenomena in nanoscale systems. The temporal dynamics of the excited states are instead quite challenging to explore, and, at the same time, crucial to study for understanding the origin of fundamental physical and chemical processes. In this review, we examine the current state and prospects of ultrafast phenomena driven by plasmons both from a fundamental and applied point of view. This research area is referred to as ultrafast plasmonics and represents an outstanding playground to tailor and control fast optical and electronic processes at the nanoscale, such as ultrafast optical switching, single photon emission, and strong coupling interactions to tailor photochemical reactions. Here, we provide an overview of the field and describe the methodologies to monitor and control nanoscale phenomena with plasmons at ultrafast timescales in terms of both modeling and experimental characterization. Various directions are showcased, among others recent advances in ultrafast plasmon-driven chemistry and multi-functional plasmonics, in which charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom are exploited to provide active control of the optical and electronic properties of nanoscale materials. As the focus shifts to the development of practical devices, such as all-optical transistors, we also emphasize new materials and applications in ultrafast plasmonics and highlight recent development in the relativistic realm. The latter is a promising research field with potential applications in fusion research or particle and light sources providing properties such as attosecond duration.
Nonlinear waves at the free surface of flexible mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Deng Bolei , Shu Hang , Li Jian , Mo Chengyang , Raney Jordan R. , Tournat Vincent , Bertoldi Katia
Published: July 2023

In this Letter, we investigate the propagation of nonlinear pulses along the free surface of flexible metamaterials based on the rotating squares mechanism. While these metamaterials have previously been shown to support the propagation of elastic vector solitons through their bulk, here, we demonstrate that they can also support the stable propagation of nonlinear pulses along their free surface. Furthermore, we show that the stability of these surface pulses is higher when they minimally interact with the linear dispersive surface modes. Finally, we provide guidelines to select geometries that minimize these interactions.
A numerical investigation on electron runaway threshold at the initial stage of atmospheric streamer development
Authors: Jiang Ming , Zou Lizhuang , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong , Liu Chunliang , Wang YaoGong
Published: July 2023

Pre-ionization caused by runaway electrons is an important mechanism for negative streamer development. The aim of this paper is to investigate the runaway criteria and overvoltage threshold of electrons at the initial stage of streamer development in air, with the self-developed 3D particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo Collision code. First, numerical simulations are performed with fixed number of electrons to study the runaway criteria in nonrelativistic cases. This method takes the stochastic fluctuations of collisions into account and solves the major shortcomings of theoretical approach. The simulated critical electric field is less than that of the theoretical approach, and the amplitude of the difference increases with electron energy, due to the “tunneling effect” caused by the stochastic fluctuations of collisions. Then, simulations of negative streamers at various applied voltages are performed to investigate the overvoltage threshold. A more intuitive method, searching energetic electrons in front of the negative streamer head, which corresponds to the nature of runaway electrons, is applied to determine the generation of runaway electrons. Electrons that escaped a certain distance ahead of the streamer can be observed at 30 kV. Thus, the overvoltage threshold for runaway electrons can be roughly estimated as 3.3 in our simulations, which is about three times less than the previously published one. At last, with the redefined overvoltage threshold, the figure of regions of breakdown development for various mechanisms depending upon the overvoltage in air is updated.
Estimating the neutron yield in a deuterium plasma with the JET neutron camera
Authors: Hägg Linus , Binda Federico , Conroy Sean , Ericsson Göran , Ghani Zamir , Giacomelli Luca , Marocco Daniele , Milocco Alberto , Riva Marco , Sundén Erik Andersson ,   JET Contributors
Published: July 2023

The JET neutron camera is a well-established detector system at JET, which has 19 sightlines each equipped with a liquid scintillator. The system measures a 2D profile of the neutron emission from the plasma. A first principle physics method is used to estimate the DD neutron yield that is based on JET neutron camera measurements and is independent of other neutron measurements. This paper details the data reduction techniques, models of the neutron camera, simulations of neutron transport, and detector responses used to this end. The estimate uses a simple parameterized model of the neutron emission profile. The method makes use of the JET neutron camera’s upgraded data acquisition system. It also accounts for neutron scattering near the detectors and transmission through the collimator. These components together contribute to 9% of the detected neutron rate above a 0.5 MeVee energy threshold. Despite the simplicity of the neutron emission profile model, the DD neutron yield estimate falls on average within 10% agreement with a corresponding estimate from the JET fission chambers. The method can be improved by considering more advanced neutron emission profiles. It can also be expanded to estimate the DT neutron yield with the same methodology.
Opto-mechanical fiber sensing with optical and acoustic cladding modes
Authors: Zadok Avi , Zehavi Elad , Bernstein Alon
Published: July 2023

Optical fibers are an excellent sensor platform. However, the detection and analysis of media outside the cladding and coating of standard fibers represent a long-standing challenge: light that is guided in the single optical core mode does not reach these media. Cladding modes help work around this difficulty, as their transverse profiles span the entire cross-section of the fiber cladding and reach its outer boundary. In this tutorial, we introduce and discuss in detail two recent advances in optical fiber sensors that make use of cladding modes. Both concepts share optomechanics as a common underlying theme. First, we describe a spatially continuous distributed analysis using the optical cladding modes of the fiber. Light is coupled to these modes using Brillouin dynamic gratings, which are index perturbations associated with acoustic waves in the core that are stimulated by light. Unlike permanent gratings, which are routinely used to couple light with cladding modes, Brillouin dynamic gratings may be switched on and off at will and can be confined to short fiber sections at arbitrary locations in a random-access manner. Second, we present the extension of the cladding mode sensor concept to include acoustic rather than optical modes. The acoustic cladding modes may be stimulated and monitored by guided light in the single core mode, and their linewidths are modified by the elastic properties of surrounding media. The principles and analyses of both concepts are provided in detail, alongside examples of experimental setups and results.
Temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect—Experiments and theory
Authors: Alwan Seif , Sarkar Subhajit , Sharoni Amos , Dubi Yonatan
Published: July 2023

The temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can be used to discriminate between different theoretical proposals for the mechanism of the CISS effect. Here, we briefly review key experimental results and discuss the effect of temperature in different models for the CISS effect. We then focus on the recently suggested spinterface mechanism and describe the different possible effects temperature can have within this model. Finally, we analyze in detail recent experimental results presented in the work of Qian et al. [Nature 606, 902–908 (2022)] and demonstrate that, contrary to the original interpretation by the authors, these data actually indicate that the CISS effect increases with decreasing temperature. Finally, we show how the spinterface model can accurately reproduce these experimental results.