bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the mental health status of university students in Japan: comparison between pandemic and recession periods during the 7th wave of COVID-19
Authors: Hirano Yuko O.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Although the number of identified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths has decreased, the repetitive crest-trough pattern of the spread of COVID-19 has yet to cease. The current situation may affect the mental health status of university students who are distracted in their academic and daily lives by the pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the determinant factors of the mental health status of Japanese university students before and in the middle of the 7th wave of the pandemic, one of the largest waves to be experienced in Japan.

Method

A survey was administered to two groups of students during the recession period between the 6th and 7th waves (n = 156) and during the 7th wave of the pandemic (n = 97).

Results

T-tests showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, while the COVID-19 anxiety scores (p < 0.001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores were significantly higher in the Pandemic period group (p = 0.011). The multiple regression model indicated that PSS scores were the only determinant of GHQ scores in the Pandemic period group.

Discussion

The results indicate that stressful life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and daily hassles, which are measured by the PSS, affect students’ mental health differently. Therefore, the author submits that school counselors should provide counseling to students to reduce anxiety caused by daily hassles, during recession and pandemic periods. Students also require assistance with the reduction of stress and anxiety caused by daily hassles, regardless of the pandemic situation.
Women in mid-life and older age in recovery from illicit drug use: connecting and belonging
Authors: Shaw April
Published: August 2023

Background

Establishing and maintaining healthy social connections and relationships are important in encouraging a sense of belonging that can help mid-life and older aged women in recovery from illicit drug use. This paper contributes to an under-researched area of substance use recovery among women in mid-life and older age by asking what influence social relationships have on their sense of self as they age into recovery from illicit drugs.

Methods

In-depth qualitative interviews were undertaken with 19 women in the United Kingdom who self-identified as ‘in recovery’ from illicit drug use. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis techniques. The study received ethical approval from the University of Glasgow.

Results

As their drug use progressed, the women experienced feelings of estrangement and separation from others. Entering and maintaining a healthy recovery from drug use required the women to break their connections to people considered disruptive or challenging. Creating and setting boundaries enabled some of the women to gain a sense of control over their relationships and recovery. Positive reinforcement from others was pivotal to the process of the women’s self-acceptance, contributing to better self-concepts that helped them maintain their recovery.

Discussion

This investigation into substance use recovery among women in mid-life and older age offers new insights into the relationship challenges they face. It offers suggestions for further research that could support the development of family support programs for mid-life and older age women in active drug use or recovery.
A positive association between the prevalence of circadian syndrome and overactive bladder in United States adults
Authors: Xiao Yunfei , Yin Shan , Wang Jiahao , Cui Jianwei , Yang Zhenzhen , Wang Jia , Bai Yunjin
Published: August 2023

Objective

To explore the association between the prevalence of circadian syndrome (CircS) and overactive bladder (OAB).

Materials and methods

Cross-section analysis was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2018. Data regarding OAB was collected from questionnaires. The association between the prevalence of CircS and OAB was elucidated using three multivariable logistic regression models. Stratified and interaction analyses were performed to find whether some factors can modify the association.

Results

Totally 8,033 males and 8,065 females were included. People with CircS had a significantly higher prevalence of OAB compared to the non-CircS group in the fully-adjusted model (OR = 1.238, 95%CI 1.080–1.419). A significant positive correlation between the number of CircS components and the prevalence of OAB was observed when the components were ≥ 6 (OR = 1.975, 95%CI 1.463–2.665). No significant interaction was seen in the three models.

Conclusion

There is a positive association between the prevalence of CircS and OAB. When the number of components is ≥6, the prevalence of OAB shows a strongly positive correlation with the number of CircS components.
Identifying care problem clusters and core care problems of older adults with dementia for caregivers: a network analysis
Authors: Leng Minmin , Han Shuyu , Sun Yue , Zhu Zheng , Zhao Yajie , Zhang Yizhu , Yang Xianxia , Wang Zhiwen
Published: August 2023

Background

A shift in research interest from separate care problem to care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia may contribute to a better understanding of dementia care. However, the care problems network among caregivers of people living with dementia are still unknown. This study aimed to identify care problem clusters and core care problems, and explore demographic variables associated with these care problem clusters among caregivers of people living with dementia.

Methods

Participants were recruited through memory clinics and WeChat groups. The principal component analysis was applied to identify care problem clusters. The network analysis was conducted to describe the relationships among care problems and clusters. Multiple linear models were used to explore the associated factors for the occurrence of the overall care problems and top three central care problem clusters.

Results

A total of 1,012 carer-patient pairs were included in the analysis. Nine care problem clusters were identified. In the entire care problem network, “deterioration in activities of daily living” was the most core care problem cluster across the three centrality indices, followed by “verbal and nonverbal aggression” and “loss of activities of daily living.” Variables including marital status, years of dementia diagnosis, number of dementia medication type, and caregiver’s educational attainment were associated with the prevalence of these three care problem clusters.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that there is a need to evaluate care problem clusters for the improvement of care problem management among people living with dementia. It is particularly important to include assessment and treatment of core care problem as an essential component of the dementia care.
Caregivers’ understanding of childhood influenza vaccination during the epidemic in China. A mixed-methods study
Authors: Han Kaiyi , Hou Zhiyuan , Tu Shiyi , Wang Qian , Hu Simeng , Xing Yuting , Du Jing , Zang Shujie , Chantler Tracey , Larson Heidi
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Influenza vaccination uptake among young children has been poor in China, but it is unclear how it changed during the COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the uptake status and reasons of childhood influenza vaccination during the pandemic in China.

Methods

A mixed-methods study combining a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews was conducted in Anhui, Shaanxi, and Guangdong provinces between September and November 2021. 2081 caregivers completed the valid questionnaire. 38 caregivers participated in interviews, and data were analyzed thematically, using deductive and inductive coding.

Results

A total of 2081 caregivers completed the valid questionnaire, and 38 caregivers participated in interviews. Among the caregivers, a total of 1796 were in the age group for high-risk groups in the 2019–2020 flu season, and 46.10% reported that their children received influenza vaccination in the 2019–2020 flu season; 43.63% said that they vaccinated their children against influenza in the 2020–2021 flu season. Many caregivers indicated that the adoption of nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs) during COVID-19 reduced the risk of influenza infection for children. Most caregivers consider the severity of influenza to be low, and some confused the common cold with influenza. Meanwhile, some caregivers lack confidence in the vaccine’s effectiveness and importance. They thought that vaccines are not effective in preventing the constantly mutating virus. Despite clear perceptions about the severity of influenza and the effectiveness of the vaccine, we found that most caregivers did not receive any relevant medical information, and the communication about vaccines between caregivers and professional information sources, such as healthcare workers, is inadequate. Hence, caregivers have no scientific evidence to back up their perceptions. In terms of access to vaccination service, caregivers reported conflicts between time of vaccination service and their schedule, and the need for vaccine prices to be reduced.

Discussion

Targeted interventions are needed to address caregivers’ lack of risk perception on influenza during COVID-19 and promote communication between caregivers and professional information sources. Extending vaccination service hours and increasing the number of vaccine clinics close to residential areas and expansion of financing sources for self-paid vaccination could facilitate the access to influenza vaccination service.
Defining, quantifying, and reporting intensity, dose, and dosage of neurorehabilitative interventions focusing on motor outcomes
Authors: Goikoetxea-Sotelo Gaizka , van Hedel Hubertus J. A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Determining the minimal amount of therapy needed for positive neurorehabilitative outcomes is important for optimizing active treatment interventions to improve motor outcomes. However, there are various challenges when quantifying these relationships: first, several consensuses on the definition and usage of the terms intensity, dose, and dosage of motor interventions have been proposed, but there seems to be no agreement, and the terms are still used inconsistently. Second, randomized controlled trials frequently underreport items relevant to determining the intensity, dose, and dosage of the interventions. Third, there is no universal measure to quantify therapy intensity accurately. This “perspectives” paper aims to increase awareness of these topics among neurorehabilitation specialists.

Defining, quantifying, and reporting

We searched the literature for definitions of intensity, dose, and dosage and adapted the ones we considered the most appropriate to fit the needs of neurorehabilitative interventions. Furthermore, we suggest refining the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) to enhance the reporting of randomized controlled trials. Finally, we performed a systematic literature search to provide a list of intensity measures and complemented these with some novel candidate measures.

Discussion

The proposed definitions of intensity, dose, and dosage could improve the communication between neurorehabilitation specialists and the reporting of dose and dosage in interventional studies. Quantifying intensity is necessary to improve our understanding of the minimal intensity, dose, and dosage of therapy needed to improve motor outcomes in neurorehabilitation. We consider the lack of appropriate intensity measures a significant gap in knowledge requiring future research.
Effects of Health Insurance on Quality of Care in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Osei Afriyie Doris , Kwesiga Brendan , Achungura Grace , Tediosi Fabrizio , Fink Günther
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of health insurance on quality of care in low-income countries (LICs).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases for studies published between 2010 and August 2022. We included studies that evaluated the effects of health insurance on quality of care in LICs using randomized experiments or quasi-experimental study designs. Study outcomes were classified using the Donabedian framework.

Results: We included 15 studies out of the 6,129 identified. Available evidence seems to suggest that health insurance has limited effects on structural quality, and its effects on the process of care remain mixed. At the population level, health insurance is linked to improved anthropometric measures for children and biomarkers such as blood pressure and hemoglobin levels.

Conclusion: Based on the currently available evidence, it appears that health insurance in LICs has limited effects on the quality of care. Further studies are required to delve into the mechanisms that underlie the impact of health insurance on the quality of care and identify the most effective strategies to ensure quality within insurance programs.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=219984, identifier PROSPERO CRD42020219984
Corporate Social Responsibility: Micro Foundation Framework for High Employee Performance in a Developing Country
Authors: Abdurachman Dudung , Ramdhan Rudy M. , Karsoma Ateng , Kisahwan Daniel , Winarno Alex , Hermana Deni
Published: August 2023

CSR is a strategy to realize sustainability. CSR needs to be understood based on a priority scale and objectives to build a solid organizational structure and ensure sustainable CSR implementation. In this regard, CSR implementation at the micro and macro levels needs further explanation. The study aims to analyze the effect of CSR on employee performance through assessment and job satisfaction using the micro foundation framework. This causal study surveyed 382 state-owned enterprises’ non-manager employees in Indonesia. The results demonstrate employees’ responses to internal and external CSR. Internal CSR, which primarily aims to improve employee performance, was found to improve employee satisfaction and engagement and lead to better performance more significantly than external CSR. Internal CSR had a higher effect on employee performance than external CSR. Compiling a scale of top priorities for corporate stakeholders became the leading choice to encourage long-term performance. The originality of this study is that the foundation of long-term performance ensures the corporation’s performance, and CSR lies in the strength of the microstructure at the individual level. The implementation of CSR based on the legal system requires paying attention to the scale of priorities based on the internal function of CSR in strengthening a corporation’s microstructure.
Modeling Airport Choice Using a Latent Class Logit Model
Authors: dell’Olio Luigi , Rodríguez Andrés , Sipone Silvia
Published: August 2023

Studying the location of an airport is essential for optimizing its functionality, ensuring safety, and maximizing its economic benefits. There are many airports located within a short distance of each other, and users can often choose to travel between one or the other depending on a number of variables that they value for their final choice. In this paper, we design a stated preference survey and estimate a latent class logit model to study user behavior in the choice of nearby airports. The idea is to study if the choice of airport can indeed depend on the characteristics of the users and the purpose of their trip and if factors such as traveling with family, children, or friends can play a role in determining the preferred airport. It is also investigated whether the presence of low-cost airlines or direct connections to the final destinations of the trip (number of transfers) and other factors influence the choice of airport. It is shown that there are two classes of users who have different travel behavior, and that the perception of certain variables influences the choice of the nearest or furthest airport depending on the type of trip.
Magnetic Seed Treatment Modulates Phenolic and Fatty Acid Metabolism of Sunflower under Water Scarcity
Authors: Afzal Beenish , Nisa Zaib un , Bashir Rohina , Ali Naila , Mahmood Saqib , Azeem Muhammad , Batool Fatima , Wahid Abdul , Iqbal Muhammad , Alsahli Abdulaziz Abdullah , Kaushik Prashant
Published: August 2023

Environmental and anthropogenic activities are pushing the earth towards warmer years, which is reducing agricultural land and causing water scarcity. It is well documented that sunflower (being drought tolerant) crops can be grown under water deficit conditions with some additional supportive priming applications to compensate for drought-induced challenges. However, finding the most efficient and eco-friendly priming tools is always a top priority among researchers to improve plant growth, adaptive traits, and productivity. In this study, an experiment was performed on oil-producing crops (sunflower) using seed magnetic treatment. The seeds were subjected to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 Tesla for 20 min, respectively. Plants were exposed to water limitation (100 and 50%) after 30 days of germination. Sunflower showed its tolerance to water limitation by maintaining the majority of growth parameters, nutritive value, metabolizable energy, and higher proline content. Nevertheless, a reduction in the achene number per capitulum, capitulum weight, chlorophyll, catalase activity, unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, anthocyanin, and hydroxyl derivatives of cinnamic acid supported our hypothesis about the need for some supportive techniques. Better metabolic adjustment and percentage of oil yield were manifested by 0.3 T magnetic seed treatment, which was used for phenolic and fatty acid profiling. To conclude, magnetic treatment of seeds may improve their primary metabolic capacity and antioxidation potential, which in turn may activate their secondary metabolism as evidenced by an excess of gallic acid, quercetin, benzoic acid, curcumin acid, sinapic acid, and chlorogenic acid.
Impact of Different Irrigation Methods on the Main Chemical Characteristics of Typical Mediterranean Fluvisols in Portugal
Authors: Telo da Gama José , López-Piñeiro António , Loures Luís , Nunes José Rato
Published: August 2023

The sustainable management of Mediterranean agricultural soils, characterized by salinization and low organic matter content, requires a thorough understanding of their temporal and spatial evolution. The focal point of this investigation encompasses an area of 6769 ha within the Portuguese Mediterranean basin, from which as many as 686 topsoil specimens were acquired during the periods 2001/2002 and 2011/2012 for the purpose of scrutinizing soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH measured in water, and electrical conductivity (EC). The methodology employed both classical and geostatistical techniques, and the terrestrial samples were classified in accordance with the irrigation mechanisms in use (namely, drip and sprinkler systems), subsequently juxtaposed with their counterparts in rainfed systems. Predictive maps were generated using the Ordinary Kriging algorithm for spatial interpolation. The findings demonstrate that irrigated Fluvisols displayed lower SOM content compared to rainfed soils, with sprinkler-irrigated soils experiencing a 16.1% decrease and drip-irrigated soils showing a more pronounced 26.6% decrease. Moreover, drip-irrigated soils contained 12.5% less SOM compared to sprinkler-irrigated soils. The pH levels stabilized at around 6.6 in both rainfed and irrigated soils, with no significant differences observed between the irrigation methods. Furthermore, irrigated Fluvisols exhibited higher EC values compared to rainfed soils, with both sprinkler and drip-irrigated soils showing values that were 35.2% higher. These results underscore the impact of irrigation practices on soil properties, including elevated EC values due to increased soil salt accumulation. The study highlights the necessity of considering specific irrigation systems and associated practices to ensure sustainable soil health and productivity. Adopting management approaches that account for these factors is crucial for preserving optimal soil conditions in Mediterranean agricultural systems.
Commensal Escherichia coli Strains of Bovine Origin Competitively Mitigated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Gnotobiotic Murine Intestinal Colonization Model with or without Physiological Stress
Authors: Lange Maximo E. , Clarke Sandra T. , Boras Valerie F. , Brown Catherine L. J. , Zhang Guangzhi , Laing Chad R. , Uwiera Richard R. E. , Montina Tony , Kalmokoff Martin L. , Taboada Eduardo N. , Gannon Victor P. J. , Metz Gerlinde A. S. , Church John S. , Inglis G. Douglas
Published: August 2023

Cattle are a primary reservoir of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7. Currently, there are no effective methods of eliminating this important zoonotic pathogen from cattle, and colonization resistance in relation to EHEC O157:H7 in cattle is poorly understood. We developed a gnotobiotic EHEC O157:H7 murine model to examine aspects of the cattle pathogen–microbiota interaction, and to investigate competitive suppression of EHEC O157:H7 by 18 phylogenetically distinct commensal E. coli strains of bovine origin. As stress has been suggested to influence enteric colonization by EHEC O157:H7 in cattle, corticosterone administration (±) to incite a physiological stress response was included as an experimental variable. Colonization of the intestinal tract (IT) of mice by the bovine EHEC O157:H7 strain, FRIK-2001, mimicked characteristics of bovine IT colonization. In this regard, FRIK-2001 successfully colonized the IT and temporally incited minimal impacts on the host relative to other EHEC O157:H7 strains, including on the renal metabolome. The presence of the commensal E. coli strains decreased EHEC O157:H7 densities in the cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon. Moreover, histopathologic changes and inflammation markers were reduced in the distal colon of mice inoculated with commensal E. coli strains (both propagated separately and communally). Although stress induction affected the behavior of mice, it did not influence EHEC O157:H7 densities or disease. These findings support the use of a gnotobiotic murine model of enteric bovine EHEC O157:H7 colonization to better understand pathogen–host–microbiota interactions toward the development of effective on-farm mitigations for EHEC O157:H7 in cattle, including the identification of bacteria capable of competitively colonizing the IT.
Effects of Diets Based on Hydrolyzed Chicken Liver and Different Protein Concentrations on the Formation and Deamination of Biogenic Amines and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Dogs
Authors: Pinto Caroline Fredrich Dourado , Monteiro Camila Figueiredo Carneiro , Bortolo Marcelino , Marx Fábio Ritter , Model Jorge Felipe Argenta , Vinagre Anapaula Sommer , Trevizan Luciano
Published: August 2023

Biogenic amines are synthesized through the bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids, commonly found in high levels in animal by-product meals due to spoilage. Furthermore, biogenic amines and other metabolites can be produced by the fermentation of proteins in the hindgut according to the protein source and concentration of crude protein (CP) in the diet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate two protein sources (poultry by-product meal (PBPM) and hydrolyzed chicken liver powder (HCLP)) and three CP concentrations (24, 32, and 40%) and their effects on the consumption and fecal excretion of biogenic amines, plasma monoamine oxidase (MAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of healthy adult dogs after 30 days of feeding the experimental diets. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed into six treatments (n = 6/treatment): PBPM24 (PBPM with 24% CP); PBPM32 (PBPM with 32% CP); PBPM40 (PBPM with 40% CP); HCLP24 (HCLP with 24% CP); HCLP32 (HCLP with 32% CP); HCLP40 (HCLP with 40% CP). The PBPM and PBPM-based diets had higher concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, histamine, agmatine, and total biogenic amines. In contrast, HCLP and HCLP-based diets contained higher concentrations of spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine. The PBPM and PBPM-diets had higher biogenic amine index (BAI) indicating lower quality due to the high content of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine. Dogs fed diets with PBPM and higher protein concentrations consumed more putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, agmatine, and total amines (p < 0.0001), while dogs fed with HCLP consumed more spermidine, phenylethylamine, and spermine (p < 0.0001). Fecal excretion of phenylethylamine was greater in dogs fed HCLP32 and HCLP40 diets (p = 0.045). Dogs fed with HCLP tended to excrete more spermidine and tryptamine via feces, while higher protein concentrations tended to increase fecal excretion of cadaverine (p < 0.10). Plasma MAO activity was higher in dogs fed HCLP24 and PBPM32 diets (p = 0.024). The plasma activities of DAO and TAC were not different between diets (p > 0.05). Although we did not evaluate the intestinal activities of MAO and DAO, our results suggest that healthy adult dogs have an efficient deamination process on the gut epithelium.
Severity Classification of Laboratory Animal Procedures in Two Belgian Academic Institutions
Authors: De Vleeschauwer Stéphanie , Lambaerts Kathleen , Hernot Sophie , Debusschere Karlijn
Published: August 2023

According to the EU Directive 2010/63, all animal procedures must be classified as non-recovery, mild, moderate or severe. Several examples are included in the Directive to help in severity classification. Since the implementation of the Directive, different publications and guidelines have been disseminated on the topic. However, due to the large variety of disease models and animal procedures carried out in many different animal species, guidance on the severity classification of specific procedures or models is often lacking or not specific enough. The latter is especially the case in disease models where the level of pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm depends on the duration of the study (for progressive disease models) or the dosage given (for infectious or chemically induced disease models). This, in turn, may lead to inconsistencies in severity classification between countries, within countries and even within institutions. To overcome this, two Belgian academic institutions with a focus on biomedical research collaborated to develop a severity classification for all the procedures performed. This work started with listing all in-house procedures and assigning them to 16 (sub)categories. First, we determined which parameters, such as clinical signs, dosage or duration, were crucial for severity classification within a specific (sub)category. Next, a severity classification was assigned to the different procedures, which was based on professional judgment by the designated veterinarians, members of the animal welfare body (AWB) and institutional animal ethics committee (AEC), integrating the available literature and guidelines. During the classification process, the use of vague terminology, such as ‘minor impact’, was avoided as much as possible. Instead, well-defined cut-offs between severity levels were used. Furthermore, we sought to define common denominators to group procedures and to be able to classify new procedures more easily. Although the primary aim is to address prospective severity, this can also be used to assess actual severity. In summary, we developed a severity classification for all procedures performed in two academic, biomedical institutions. These include many procedures and disease models in a variety of animal species for which a severity classification was not reported so far, or the terms that assign them to a different severity were too vague.
Predicting Sex in White Rhinoceroses: A Statistical Model for Conservation Management
Authors: Martínez Leticia , de Andrés Paloma Jimena , Caperos Jose Manuel , Silván Gema , Fernández-Morán Jesús , Casares Miguel , Crespo Belén , Vélez Daniel , Sanz Luis , Cáceres Sara , Illera Juan Carlos
Published: August 2023

Ensuring the effective management of every rhinoceros population is crucial for securing a future for the species, especially considering the escalating global threat of poaching and the challenges faced in captive breeding programs for this endangered species. Steroid hormones play pivotal roles in regulating diverse biological processes, making fecal hormonal determinations a valuable non-invasive tool for monitoring adrenal and gonadal endocrinologies and assessing reproductive status, particularly in endangered species. The purpose of this study was to develop a statistical model for predicting the sex of white rhinoceroses using hormonal determinations obtained from a single fecal sample. To achieve this, 562 fecal samples from 15 individuals of the Ceratotherium simum species were collected, and enzyme immunoassays were conducted to determine the concentrations of fecal cortisol, progesterone, estrone, and testosterone metabolites. The biological validation of the method provided an impressive accuracy rate of nearly 80% in predicting the sex of hypothetically unknown white rhinoceroses. Implementing this statistical model for sex identification in white rhinoceroses would yield significant benefits, including a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of wild populations. Additionally, it would enhance conservation management efforts aimed at protecting this endangered species. By utilizing this innovative approach, we can contribute to the preservation and long-term survival of white rhinoceros populations.
Exploring Parametric and Mechanistic Differences between Expi293FTM and ExpiCHO-STM Cells for Transient Antibody Production Optimization
Authors: Zhou Jing , Yan Guoying , Cluckey David , Meade Caryl , Ruth Margaret , Sorm Rhady , Tam Amy , Lim Sean , Petridis Constantine , Lin Laura , D’Antona Aaron , Zhong Xiaotian
Published: August 2023

Rapidly producing drug-like antibody therapeutics for lead molecule discovery and candidate optimization is typically accomplished by large-scale transient gene expression technologies (TGE) with cultivated mammalian cells. The TGE methodologies have been extensively developed over the past three decades, yet produce significantly lower yields than the stable cell line approach, facing the technical challenge of achieving universal high expression titers for a broad range of antibodies and therapeutics modalities. In this study, we explored various parameters for antibody production in the TGE cell host Expi293FTM and ExpiCHO-STM with the transfection reagents ExpiFectamineTM and polyethylenimine. We discovered that there are significant differences between Expi293FTM and ExpiCHO-STM cells with regards to DNA complex formation time and ratio, complex formation buffers, DNA complex uptake trafficking routes, responses to dimethyl sulfoxide and cell cycle inhibitors, as well as light-chain isotype expression preferences. This investigation mechanistically dissected the TGE processes and provided a new direction for future transient antibody production optimization.
Determinants of Inadequate Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy in ICU Sepsis Patients in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia: A Comparison of Artificial Neural Network and Regression Analysis
Authors: Dala Ali Ahmad Habeeb Hattab , Harun Sabariah Noor , Othman Noordin , Ibrahim Baharudin , Abdulbagi Omer Elhag , Abdullah Ibrahim , Ariffin Indang Ariati
Published: August 2023

In the management of sepsis, providing adequate empiric antimicrobial therapy is one of the most important pillars of sepsis management. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the adequacy of empiric antimicrobial therapy (EAMT) in sepsis patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and to identify the determinants of inadequate EAMT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of empiric antimicrobial therapy in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock, and the determinants of inadequate EAMT. The data of patients admitted to the ICU units due to sepsis or septic shock in two tertiary healthcare facilities in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah were retrospectively reviewed. The current study used logistic regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to identify determinants of inadequate empiric antimicrobial therapy, and evaluated the performance of these two approaches in predicting the inadequacy of EAMT. The findings of this study showed that fifty-three per cent of patients received inadequate EAMT. Determinants for inadequate EAMT were APACHE II score, multidrug-resistance organism (MDRO) infections, surgical history (lower limb amputation), and comorbidity (coronary artery disease). ANN performed as well as or better than logistic regression in predicating inadequate EAMT, as the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of the ANN model was higher when compared with the logistic regression model (LRM): 0.895 vs. 0.854. In addition, the ANN model performed better than LRM in predicting inadequate EAMT in terms of classification accuracy. In addition, ANN analysis revealed that the most important determinants of EAMT adequacy were the APACHE II score and MDRO. In conclusion, more than half of the patients received inadequate EAMT. Determinants of inadequate EAMT were APACHE II score, MDRO infections, comorbidity, and surgical history. This provides valuable inputs to improve the prescription of empiric antimicrobials in Saudi Arabia going forward. In addition, our study demonstrated the potential utility of applying artificial neural network analysis in the prediction of outcomes in healthcare research.
Evaluation of the Effects of Heteroaryl Ethylene Molecules in Combination with Antibiotics: A Preliminary Study on Control Strains
Authors: Bonomo Carmelo , Bonacci Paolo Giuseppe , Bivona Dalida Angela , Mirabile Alessia , Bongiorno Dafne , Nicitra Emanuele , Marino Andrea , Bonaccorso Carmela , Consiglio Giuseppe , Fortuna Cosimo Gianluca , Stefani Stefania , Musso Nicolò
Published: August 2023

The discovery of compounds with antibacterial activity is crucial in the ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance. We developed two QSAR models to design six novel heteroaryl drug candidates and assessed their antibacterial properties against nine ATCC strains, including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, many of which belong to the ESKAPE group. We combined PB4, a previously tested compound from published studies, with GC-VI-70, a newly discovered compound, with the best cytotoxicity/MIC profile. By testing sub-MIC concentrations of PB4 with five antibiotics (linezolid, gentamycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, rifampin, and imipenem), we evaluated the combination’s efficacy against the ATCC strains. To assess the compounds’ cytotoxicity, we conducted a 24 h and 48 h 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) cells. We tested the antibiotics alone and in combination with PB4. Encouragingly, PB4 reduced the MIC values for GC-VI-70 and for the various clinically used antibiotics. However, it is essential to note that all the compounds studied in this research exhibited cytotoxic activity against cells. These findings highlight the potential of using these compounds in combination with antibiotics to enhance their effectiveness at lower concentrations while minimizing cytotoxic effects.
Oxidative Model of Retinal Neurodegeneration Induced by Sodium Iodate: Morphofunctional Assessment of the Visual Pathway
Authors: Espitia-Arias Michael D. , de la Villa Pedro , Paleo-García Victor , Germain Francisco , Milla-Navarro Santiago
Published: August 2023

Sodium iodate (NaIO3) has been shown to cause severe oxidative stress damage to retinal pigment epithelium cells. This results in the indirect death of photoreceptors, leading to a loss of visual capabilities. The aim of this work is the morphological and functional characterization of the retina and the visual pathway of an animal model of retinal neurodegeneration induced by oxidative stress. Following a single intraperitoneal dose of NaIO3 (65 mg/kg) to C57BL/6J mice with a mutation in the Opn4 gene (Opn4−/−), behavioral and electroretinographic tests were performed up to 42 days after administration, as well as retinal immunohistochemistry at day 57. A near total loss of the pupillary reflex was observed at 3 days, as well as an early deterioration of visual acuity. Behavioral tests showed a late loss of light sensitivity. Full-field electroretinogram recordings displayed a progressive and marked decrease in wave amplitude, disappearing completely at 14 days. A reduction in the amplitude of the visual evoked potentials was observed, but not their total disappearance. Immunohistochemistry showed structural alterations in the outer retinal layers. Our results show that NaIO3 causes severe structural and functional damage to the retina. Therefore, the current model can be presented as a powerful tool for the study of new therapies for the prevention or treatment of retinal pathologies mediated by oxidative stress.
Size Does Matter: The Influence of Bulb Size on the Phytochemical and Nutritional Profile of the Sweet Onion Landrace “Premanturska Kapula” (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Major Nikola , Išić Nina , Kovačević Tvrtko Karlo , Anđelini Magdalena , Ban Dean , Prelac Melissa , Palčić Igor , Goreta Ban Smiljana
Published: August 2023

The Mediterranean area is especially rich in old, both sweet and pungent, varieties of onion. The synthesis of phytochemicals takes place concurrently with the overall development and maturation of vegetables; however, it is unclear whether there is a correlation between onion bulb size and antioxidant compound content, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional parameters and what the origin of these variations is. The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical and nutritional aspects of the sweet onion landrace “Premanturska kapula”, as well as to investigate the influence of onion bulb size on onion phytochemical and nutritional profile. The sweet onion landrace “Premanturska kapula” has a high soluble sugar content, a high antioxidant capacity, and a high phenolic compound content. Quercetin-3,4′-diglucoside and quercetin-4′-glucoside were the major flavonols, while protocatehuic acid was the major phenolic acid detected. The choice of onion bulb size can impact the profile of the sugars present, with large bulb sizes favoring higher sucrose and fructooligosaccharides content compared to small bulb sizes which were more abundant in glucose. The total sugars or bulb dry matter were not affected by bulb size. Phenolic compounds were more abundant in smaller bulb sizes, thus indicating a link between bulb development and phenolic compound allocation within the plant. This link possibly derived from agronomic practices such as bare-root transplants, or even open pollination which causes a broader genetic variability. From a consumer perspective, it can be a choice between the small and medium bulb sizes on one hand, which are more abundant in polyphenolics and simple sugars, or on the other hand, the larger bulbs which are more abundant in fructooligosaccharides known to carry excellent health benefits.
Modeling of Strain Actuation on Relatively Soft Curved Beams by Piezoelectric Ceramics for De-Icing Systems
Authors: Ameduri Salvatore , Castrovinci Armando , Perna Alessia Serena , Viscusi Antonio , Concilio Antonio , Carrino Luigi
Published: August 2023

In this work, the effects of some geometric and mechanical parameters that characterize curved and relatively soft structures integrated with piezoelectric actuators are investigated. The effect of parameters such as the curvature, location, and extension of the piezo device, as well as the thickness of the bonding and its strength, are considered in view of a potentially lighter model that replaces the piezoelectric device via its actions, namely pin forces, whose layout and values are strongly dependent on the curvature. When comparing the results obtained by a finite element model of the structure with the piezo device and of the structure alone under the action of pin forces, dedicated indicators were found, which could be useful to support lighter modeling approaches and to predict the authority of the piezoelectric device.
Enhancing Efficiency and Cost-Effectiveness: A Groundbreaking Bi-Algorithm MCDM Approach
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Yang Fu-Chiang , Vo Thi Minh Nhut , Nguyen Van Thanh Tien , Singh Mandeep
Published: August 2023

Numerous scholars have thoroughly studied the topic of choosing machines considering the progress and technological growth seen in machinery options. This scholarly investigation explores decision-making methods specifically designed to aid the selection of machines in manufacturing businesses. Additionally, this research emphasizes the need for decision-making frameworks in manufacturing facilities, highlighting the importance of smart machine selection strategies in those contexts. In this research, we show a dual-MCDM approach that includes DEX—decision experts—and the EDAS method that are popularly employed to solve decision-making problems in both academic and practical industries. Throughout the previous decade, business leaders and managers increasingly use MCDM solutions to overcome machine selection challenges. At this time, while various decision-support technologies and procedures have been developed and used, it is essential that we discuss the sequence of our study objectives and drive the proposed method for widening use in practical firms. In short, this research may be helpful as a literature review for MDCM studies and related topics. It will also help executives, engineers, and specialists determine which equipment or machines to create and increase product quality in manufacturing and industry.
The Structures–Reactivity Relationship on Dental Plaque and Natural Products
Authors: Lile Ioana Elena , Osser Gyongyi , Negruţiu Bianca Maria , Valea Cătălin Nicolae , Vaida Luminiţa Ligia , Marian Diana , Dulceanu Ramona Corina , Bulzan Claudiu Octavian , Herlo Julien Narcis , Gag (Stana) Otilia Lavinia , Freiman Paul Cornel , Hosszu Tiberiu
Published: August 2023

Currently, an extensive variety of toothpastes are available on the market, containing basic components that are ubiquitous in all toothpastes, in addition to unique constituents that bestow characteristic traits, and it is crucial to acknowledge that certain components found in toothpastes are not recommended for ingestion due to their potentially negative impact on overall wellbeing, especially in children. This study aims to highlight the role of natural components as a substitute for toothpaste in achieving good oral hygiene and to focus on natural compounds that do not injure the body, especially considering the current trend towards the use of natural substances. Thus, the objective of this paper is to emphasize the advantages of using organic products. In Romania, due to the socio-economic conditions in rural areas, the use of these ingredients, which are available to everyone, could lead to an improvement in oral health. The study shows that a majority of 63% of the participants who used a toothpaste composed of natural constituents achieved an ISL bacterial plaque index equivalent of zero. This is noteworthy as the presence of the plaque index was detected in a mere minority of 13% of the subjects at the commencement of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the mentioned compounds in plaque removal, all participants in the study were instructed to use the same brushing technique known as the Bass method, which is recognized as one of the most effective techniques. The study concludes that mastery and application of the correct brushing technique, combined with toothpaste obtained from natural compounds, is successful in removing plaque.
Pore Structure and Permeability of Tight-Pore Sandstones: Quantitative Test of the Lattice–Boltzmann Method
Authors: Olhin Andrey , Vishnyakov Aleksey
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a characterization of the pore structure of tight-pore sandstones of the Achimov suite and examines the application of Lattice–Boltzmann method (LBM) simulations to estimate the permeabilities of rock formations with a single-scale porosity. Porosity is characterized by pore volume distribution, pore throat connectivity, and tortuosity, which are calculated from 3D computer tomography pore network maps. The tight sandstones are poorly permeable, with permeabilities from 0.7 to 13 mD. For comparison, sandstones and carbonates with higher porosity and permeability from the existing database are also considered. For the more permeable reference samples with wider pores (250 µm), LBM simulations show good agreement with the experiments and somewhat outperform the selected state-of-the-art direct simulations from the literature. For samples with the tightest pores and lowest porosity, LBM simulations tend to somewhat overestimate the permeability in comparison with the direct simulation methods, whereas for samples of higher porosity, a slight underestimation is obtained. We explain the inconsistencies by an interplay between the compressibility effects neglected by our LBM simulations in wider pores and the friction at the pore-wall interface, which is underestimated due to the use of the bounce-back conditions. However, the general agreement with experimental and direct simulation methods is very reasonable and suitable for practical use, which means that LBM is fast, highly parallel, and computationally sound even in tight pores.
On the Role of Seismic Damage Tolerance on Costs and Life Cycle of CLT Buildings
Authors: Iezzi Simona , Savini Francesca , Trizio Ilaria , Fabbrocino Giovanni , Sandoli Antonio
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a contribution to reviewing the most common seismic design procedures of CLT buildings and their implications on structural features and technological solutions. Attention is particularly focused on the overall seismic performance, damage tolerance, construction costs and environmental impact. It is intended as a baseline for a more comprehensive study, thus the assessment is made with reference to a real building, representative of a class of common buildings recently designed and erected in many Italian regions exposed to low and moderate seismic hazards. As usual, the analysis was carried out according to a two-dimensional model of the panels, assumed to be elastic, varying the type of connections at the base, the presence of pre-stressing steel bars for rocking control and dissipative devices. The main outcomes of the study can be summarized as follows: (i) the structural seismic behavior of CLT buildings is significantly influenced by the structural schemes adopted for walls and connections; (ii) construction costs and environmental impact decrease whenever damage tolerance is accounted for in design procedures.