bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate Increase in the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences after Three Bouts of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schöneburg Charlotte , Seyram Amevor Benedicta , Bauer Theresa , Boateng Ivy , Nsia-Tawia Bright , Öztürk Nehir , Pop Maria-Alexandra , Müller Jan
Published: June 2024

(1) Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intervention involving the application of brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion to distant tissues to activate protective pathways in the heart. There is evidence suggesting the involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in RIPC-induced cardioprotection. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of RIPC on the ANS using a randomized controlled trial. (2) Methods: From March 2018 to November 2018, we conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled study involving 51 healthy volunteers (29 female, 24.9 [23.8, 26.4] years). Participants were placed in a supine position and heart rate variability was measured over 260 consecutive beats before they were randomized into either the intervention or the SHAM group. The intervention group underwent an RIPC protocol (3 cycles of 5 min of 200 mmHg ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion) at the upper thigh. The SHAM group followed the same protocol but on the right upper arm, with just 40 mmHg of pressure inflation, resulting in no ischemic stimulus. Heart rate variability measures were reassessed afterward. (3) Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in RMSSD, the possible marker of the parasympathetic nervous system (IG: 14.5 [5.4, 27.5] ms vs. CG: 7.0 [−4.3, 23.1 ms], p = 0.027), as well as a significant improvement in Alpha 1 levels compared to the control group (IG: −0.1 [−0.2, 0.1] vs. CG: 0.0 [−0.1, 0.2], p = 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our results hint that RIPC increases the RMSSD and Alpha 1 parameters showing possible immediate parasympathetic modulations. RIPC could be favorable in promoting cardioprotective or/and cardiovascular effects by ameliorating ANS modulations.
Polish Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance and Sensory Assessment Scale in Stroke Patients
Authors: Goliwąs Magdalena , Małecka Joanna , Adamczewska Katarzyna , Flis-Masłowska Marta , Lewandowski Jacek , Kocur Piotr
Published: June 2024

Background and Purpose: The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance and Sensory Assessment Scale (FMA) is the most commonly used and recommended outcome measure for the sensorimotor impairment of the upper and lower limbs in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to perform cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the scale into Polish and to evaluate the FMA’s reliability of motor performance and sensation of the upper and lower limb sections among ischemic stroke patients. Methods: The Polish version of the FMA (FMA-PL) was developed using a forward–backward translation performed by a group of experts and then evaluated by a panel of judges according to international guidelines. The study involved 86 patients (F = 30, M = 56, i.e., 35%; the average age of patients was 64 ± 12 years, 36 with right-sided stroke and 50 with left-sided stroke). The FMA-PL was carried out twice by two experienced neurological physiotherapists with a 2 h gap between assessments (test–retest and inter-rater). The reliability of the outcome measure was defined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were also calculated. The internal consistency of the test was determined by the Cronbach’s alpha indicator. Results: Three domains were evaluated on the FMA-PL scale. From the whole test, results were obtained in the range of 12–124 points: 64 points for FMA-UE-PL 2, 34 points for FMA-LE-PL 4, and 24 points for FMA-S-PL 0. The ICC values were in the range of 0.99–1.00 for the total FMA-PL score and the results of each domain. The SEM and MDC for the entire FMA-PL calculated for test–retest measurements were 0.22 and 1.60, respectively. The SEM and MDC for the total FMA-PL score obtained during repeated measurements of the same investigator were 1.3 and 3.5 points, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha values calculated for the total FMA-PL, FMA-UE-PL, FMA-LE-PL, and FMA-S-PL items amounted to 0.938–0.939, 0.932–0.934, and 0.634–0.722, respectively. Conclusions: The Polish version of the FMA is a consistent and reliable outcome measure for the motor and sensory evaluation of the upper and lower limbs for patients in subacute and chronic stroke stages.
Study Protocol of a Randomized, Two-Arm, Phase I/II Trial Investigating the Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy of Local Treatment with US-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Combination with Palliative Chemotherapy in Inoperable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Marinova Milka , Khouri David-Alexis , Küppers Jim , Ramig Olga , Strunk Holger M. , Breuers Johannes , Fazaal Julia , Fuhrmann Christine , Coenen Martin , Möhring Christian , Zhou Taotao , Zhou Xin , Anhalt Thomas , Sadeghlar Farsaneh , Thudium Marcus , Conrad Rupert , Feldmann Georg , Brossart Peter , Glowka Tim R. , Kalff Jörg C. , Essler Markus , Strassburg Christian P. , Ko Yon-Dschun , Schmidt-Wolf Ingo G. H. , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria
Published: June 2024

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) still has a dismal prognosis, and despite medical advances, a bleak 5-year survival rate of only 8%, largely due to late diagnosis and limited curative surgical options for most patients. Frontline palliative treatment shows some survival advantages. However, the high disease mortality is accompanied by high morbidity including cancer-related pain and additional symptoms, which strongly impair patients’ quality of life (QOL). At present, there is no established strategy for local therapy for PaC primarily aiming to manage local tumor growth and alleviate associated symptoms, particularly pain. In recent years, non-invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has shown promising results in reducing cancer pain and tumor mass, improving patients’ QOL with few side effects. Study design: This is the first randomized controlled trial worldwide including 40 patients with inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinoma randomized into two groups: group A undergoing standard chemotherapy; and group B undergoing standard chemotherapy plus local HIFU treatment. This study aims to establish a robust evidence base by examining the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of US-guided HIFU in combination with standard palliative systemic therapy for unresectable PaC. Primary endpoint assessments will focus on parameters including safety issues (phase I), and local response rates (phase II).
Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee—Comparison of Different Treatment Algorithms
Authors: Springorum Hans-Robert , Baier Clemens , Maderbacher Günther , Paulus Alexander , Grifka Joachim , Goetz Juergen
Published: June 2024

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty is a serious complication lacking evidence-based diagnostic and treatment protocols, particularly in ruling out persisting infection before reimplantation. Methods: This retrospective analysis assessed the mid-term outcomes of 66 patients undergoing septic two-stage knee revision surgeries from 2007 to 2013, diagnosed as per the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. After implant removal and antibiotic treatment, reimplantation decisions were based on either joint aspiration, blood counts, and clinical examination (group A) or an open biopsy (group B). Both groups underwent meticulous debridement and spacer exchange during the interim period. Results: Late re-infection occurred in 12.1% of all patients. In group A, 13.8% experienced late re-infection, with 14.3% in subgroup A1 and 13.3% in subgroup A2. In group B, 10% had a late re-infection. No significant difference in re-infection or complication rates was found between the groups. Conclusions: The study did not demonstrate the superiority of group B’s approach of open biopsy over group A’s joint aspiration, clinical examination, and blood counts in preventing re-infection or reducing complications.
Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Childhood Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barakat Rubén , Silva-José Cristina , Sánchez-Polán Miguel , Zhang Dingfeng , Lobo Pablo , De Roia Gabriela , Montejo Rocío
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: The repercussions of childhood overweight and obesity are multifaceted, extending beyond the realm of physiology and giving rise to psychological and emotional disturbances in affected children. The precise effects of gestational physical activity (PA) on parameters related to childhood overweight and obesity remain inadequately understood. The aim of this study (Registration CRD42022372490) was to evaluate the literature regarding the influence of PA during pregnancy on the risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered for inclusion. Determinant parameters of childhood obesity were analyzed. A total of 30 studies involving 16,137 pregnant women were examined. Five meta-analyses about the effects of PA during pregnancy on determinants of childhood overweight and obesity were conducted. Results: Although favorable trends were observed, Meta-Analyses showed no statistical differences in the effects of PA on weight at birth (Z = 0.03, p = 0.97), Ponderal Index at birth (Z = 0.64, p = 0.52), Macrosomia and Large for Gestational Age at birth (Z = 0.93, p = 0.35), children’s BMI (Z = 0.78, p = 0.44), weight (Z = 0.50, p = 0.62), and skinfold thicknesses (Z = 0.45, p = 0.65). Conclusions: The engagement in physical activity during pregnancy exhibits a favorable trend in parameters associated with childhood overweight and obesity while presenting no adverse effects on such outcomes.
What Is the Carbon Footprint of Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery?
Authors: Nakarai Hiroyuki , Kwas Cole , Mai Eric , Singh Nishtha , Zhang Bo , Clohisy John C. , Merrill Robert K. , Pajak Anthony , Du Jerry , Kazarian Gregory S. , Kaidi Austin C. , Samuel Justin T. , Qureshi Sheeraz , Cunningham Matthew E. , Lovecchio Francis C. , Kim Han Jo
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives: While the economic cost of adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery has been studied extensively, its environmental impact is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the carbon footprint (CF) associated with ASD surgery. Methods: ASD patients who underwent > four levels of corrective surgery between 2017 and 2021 were included. The open group included a posterior-only, single-stage technique, while the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group was defined as the use of lateral interbody fusion and percutaneous posterior screw fixation. The two groups were propensity-score matched to adjust for baseline demographic, surgical, and radiographic characteristics. Data on all disposables and reusable instruments, anesthetic gas, and non-gas medications used during surgery were collected from medical records. The CF of transporting, using, and disposing of each product and the footprint of energy use in operating rooms were calculated. The CF produced was evaluated using the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which is relative to the amount of CO2 with an equivalent global warming potential. Results: Of the 175 eligible patients, 15 pairs (65 ± 9 years, 47% female) were properly matched and analyzed for all variables. The average CF generated per case was 147.7 ± 37.3 kg-CO2e, of which 54% was attributable to energy used to sterilize reusable instruments, followed by anesthetic gas released into the environment (17%) and operating room air conditioning (15%). Conclusions: The CF generated during ASD surgery should be reduced using a multidisciplinary approach, taking into account that different surgical procedures have different impacts on carbon emission sources.
Exploring Health Literacy and Vascular Access Decision Making: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brathwaite Shayna , Alabi Olamide , Simpson Lynne , Massarweh Nader
Published: June 2024

One in seven adults in the United States has chronic kidney disease (CKD) and individuals with the most severe form, end stage kidney disease (ESKD), may require renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis. Despite well-established guidelines indicating that arteriovenous access is the preferred type of vascular access for hemodialysis, in 2021, 85.4% of patients initiated dialysis with a CVC. While the reasons for this evidence–practice gap are unclear, health literacy and patient disease-specific knowledge may play an important role. Importantly, 25% of patients with CKD have limited health literacy. While there is an abundance of research regarding the presence of poor health literacy, poor kidney disease-specific knowledge, and their association with health outcomes in patients with CKD, there is currently a paucity of data about the relationship between health literacy, vascular access-specific knowledge, and vascular access outcomes. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the relationship between health literacy, disease-specific knowledge, and vascular access in patients with CKD. A better understanding of health literacy in this population will help inform the development of strategies to assess patient vascular access-specific knowledge and aid in vascular access decision making.
Ghrelin Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Implications for Vascular Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Peiu Sorin Nicolae , Iosep Diana Gabriela , Danciu Mihai , Scripcaru Veronica , Ianole Victor , Mocanu Veronica
Published: June 2024

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD), is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation within arterial walls. Objectives: This study investigates the expression of ghrelin, an anti-inflammatory peptide hormone, in plaque morphology and inflammation in patients with PAD, highlighting its potential role in age-related vascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The analysis specifically focused on the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in atherosclerotic plaques and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) from 28 PAD patients. Detailed immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify ghrelin within these tissues, comparing its presence in various plaque types and assessing its association with markers of inflammation and macrophage polarization. Results: Significant results showed a higher prevalence of calcification in fibro-lipid plaques (63.1%) compared to fibrous plaques, with a notable difference in inflammatory infiltration between the two plaque types (p = 0.027). Complicated plaques exhibited increased ghrelin expression, suggesting a modulatory effect on inflammatory processes, although this did not reach statistical significance. The correlation between ghrelin levels and macrophage presence, especially the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, indicates ghrelin’s involvement in the inflammatory dynamics of atherosclerosis. Conclusions: The findings propose that ghrelin may influence plaque stability and vascular inflammation, pointing to its therapeutic potential in managing atherosclerosis. The study underlines the necessity for further research to clarify ghrelin’s impact on vascular health, particularly in the context of metabolic syndrome and age-related vascular alterations.
In Situ Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Efficacy of Silver-Enhanced MXene and Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Chand Kishore , Azeem M. Mustafa , Lakhan Muhammad Nazim , Ahmed Mukhtiar , Aslam Muhammad Jehanzaib , Shah Ahmer Hussain
Published: June 2024

The emergence of 2D materials has significantly expanded the wide range of nanomaterials with diverse applications. Notably, their high conductivity, catalytic efficiency, and hydrophobicity have fueled heightened research interests for water treatment applications. This research aimed to investigate the synthesis and characterization of MXene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles (Ag) for enhanced catalytic activity in the decomposition of Direct Blue-24 dye. In this study, we employed well-established methods, previously documented in the literature, to prepare two distinct nanocomposites. Novel nanocomposites, namely reduced graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles (rGO–Ag) and MXene–silver nanoparticles (MXene–Ag), were synthesized using the hydrothermal and direct reduction method with an ammoniacal solution (aqueous solution). Comprehensive characterization using advanced tools revealed that the introduced Ag particles integrated seamlessly onto the parent nanofilms of the Carbon derivatives, forming a secondary phase with enhanced catalytic functionality. These nanocomposites demonstrated significant improvements in the catalytic decomposition reactions in simulated wastewater. Verification involved the reduction reaction of Direct Blue-24 dye at known nanocomposite concentrations. The results indicated that MXene–Ag exhibited a superior catalytic activity of 98% in 10 min compared to the rGO–Ag nanocomposite films, which achieved 96% in 35 min. The results indicated that MXene–Ag nanocomposites exhibited a 20–25% increase in catalytic efficiency compared to the rGO–Ag nanocomposites. The outcomes of this research hold promise for practical applications in textile wastewater management and various industrial sectors dealing with mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals containing azo and/or phthalocyanine products.
An Efficient Lossless Compression Algorithm for Maritime Safety Information Using Byte Encoding Network
Authors: Hu Jiwei , Gao Yuan , Jin Qiwen , Zhao Guangpeng , Lu Hongyang
Published: June 2024

The short message function of the BeiDou satellite system, due to its strong concurrent processing capabilities, can quickly and accurately send information to the target location in emergency situations. However, because of data redundancy and limitations on message length, a single piece of information often requires multiple transmissions through BeiDou short messages to be completed, resulting in limited transmission capacity. To improve the transmission capacity of information, it is necessary to compress the information during transmission using BeiDou’s short message communication function for maritime safety information. This paper proposes a Byte Encoding-enhanced Prediction by Partial Matching, variant D (BPPMd) algorithm that is particularly suitable for transmitting maritime safety information. Combined with a maritime safety information encoding algorithm (ME), it further improves compression efficiency, optimizes byte space, reduces information redundancy, and ensures the accuracy of the information. In this study, we constructed a maritime safety information dataset that includes three categories of information: meteorological warnings, navigation warnings, and disaster warnings. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for compressing the maritime safety information dataset and outperforms other benchmark algorithms. Therefore, this study indicates that the proposed lossless compression method can be a feasible and effective solution for BeiDou short message communication.
Molecular Diagnostics for Invasive Fungal Diseases: Current and Future Approaches
Authors: Pham David , Sivalingam Varsha , Tang Helen M. , Montgomery James M. , Chen Sharon C.-A. , Halliday Catriona L.
Published: June 2024

Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) comprise a growing healthcare burden, especially given the expanding population of immunocompromised hosts. Early diagnosis of IFDs is required to optimise therapy with antifungals, especially in the setting of rising rates of antifungal resistance. Molecular techniques including nucleic acid amplification tests and whole genome sequencing have potential to offer utility in overcoming limitations with traditional phenotypic testing. However, standardisation of methodology and interpretations of these assays is an ongoing undertaking. The utility of targeted Aspergillus detection has been well-defined, with progress in investigations into the role of targeted assays for Candida, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus, the Mucorales and endemic mycoses. Likewise, whilst broad-range polymerase chain reaction assays have been in use for some time, pathology stewardship and optimising diagnostic yield is a continuing exercise. As costs decrease, there is also now increased access and experience with whole genome sequencing, including metagenomic sequencing, which offers unparalleled resolution especially in the investigations of potential outbreaks. However, their role in routine diagnostic use remains uncommon and standardisation of techniques and workflow are required for wider implementation.
The Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Stock Returns: Evidence from Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange
Authors: Truong Loc Dong , Friday H. Swint , Doan Nhien Tuyet
Published: June 2024

This study is the first to investigate the asymmetric effects of oil price volatility on stock returns for the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). We utilized weekly series of VN30-Index, WTI crude oil prices, geopolitical risks (GPR) index, and gold prices spanning from 6 February 2012 to 31 December 2023 as data sources. Using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing approach, we found that, in the shortterm, oil price volatility has negative asymmetric effects on market returns. Specifically, in the shortterm, a 1 percent increase in oil price volatility immediately leads to a 2.6868 percent decrease in the market returns, while a similar magnitude decrease in oil price volatility is associated with a 6.3180 percent increase in the market returns. In addition, the results obtained from the NARDL model indicated that, in the longterm, the negative and positive changes of oil price volatility have significantly negative effects on the market returns. Finally, the findings derived from the error correction model (ECM) show that a 98.21 percent deviation from the equilibrium level in the previous week is converged and corrected back to the long-term equilibrium in the current week.
Impact of Ownership Structure and Dividends on Firm Risk and Market Liquidity
Authors: Rajverma Abhinav
Published: June 2024

This article examines the impact of ownership structure and dividend payouts on idiosyncratic risk and market liquidity using agency, signaling, and bankruptcy theories from an emerging market perspective. The evidence shows that family firms dominate and have concentrated ownership, and dividend payouts are lower among family firms than their counterparts. The idiosyncratic risk is high among firms with higher family ownership concentration. The family ownership concentration and control positively influence the (firm) risk, dividends positively affect the market liquidity, and risk relates negatively to the market liquidity, supporting the entrenchment of the minority shareholders’ proposition that a significant payout leads to a decrease in information asymmetry and a lower level of risk. The study further supports the proposition that information asymmetries are central to elucidating the dynamics of dividend payouts and their effects on firm risk and market liquidity. The evidence confirms that family ownership concentration affects policy decisions, especially ownership control. The paper’s originality lies in factoring ownership concentration when analyzing how payouts affect firm risk and market liquidity from an emerging markets perspective where controlling shareholders enjoy substantial private benefits, whereas minority shareholders have limited protection.
The Impact of Lexical Bundle Length on L2 Oral Proficiency
Authors: Hougham Dan , Clenton Jon , Uchihara Takumi , Higginbotham George
Published: June 2024

Lexical bundles (LBs) are crucial in L2 oral proficiency, yet their complexity in terms of length is under-researched. This study therefore examines the relationship between longer and shorter LBs and oral proficiency among 150 L2 learners of varying proficiency levels at a UK university. Through the analysis of oral presentation data (scores ranging from intermediate to advanced) and employing a combined text-internal and text-external approach (two- to five-word bundles), this study advances an innovative text-internal LB refinement procedure, thus isolating the unique contribution of LB length. Robust regression, dominance analysis, and random forest statistical techniques reveal the predictive power of bigram mutual information (MI) and longer three-to-five-word sequences on higher proficiency scores. Our results show that learners using higher MI score bigrams tend to perform better in their presentations, with a strong positive impact on scores (b = 14.38, 95% CI [8.01, 20.76], t = 4.42; dominance weight = 58.63%). Additionally, the use of longer three-to-five-word phrases also contributes to better performance, though to a lesser extent (dominance weight = 18.80%). These findings highlight the pedagogical potential of a nuanced approach to the strategic deployment of LBs, particularly bigram MI, to foster oral proficiency. Suggestions for future LB proficiency research are discussed in relation to L2 speech production models.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism Is Dynamic during Porcine Postnatal Growth
Authors: Rimmer Linnea A. , Geisbrecht Erika R. , Chao Michael D. , O’Quinn Travis G. , Woodworth Jason C. , Zumbaugh Morgan D.
Published: June 2024

Skeletal muscle metabolism has implications for swine feed efficiency (FE); however, it remains unclear if the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle changes during postnatal growth. To assess the metabolic changes, samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi (LD, glycolytic muscle), latissimus dorsi (LAT, mixed muscle), and masseter (MS, oxidative muscle) at 20, 53, 87, 120, and 180 days of age from barrows. Muscles were assessed to determine the abundance of several metabolic enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHα) decreased in all muscles from 20 to 87 d (p < 0.01), which may be attributed to the muscles being more glycolytic at weaning from a milk-based diet. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) increased in all muscles at 53 d compared to the other time points (p < 0.01), while pyruvate dehydrogenase α 1 (PDHα1) increased at 87 and 180 d in MS compared to LD (p < 0.05), indicating that potential changes occur in pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during growth. Isolated mitochondria from each muscle were incubated with 13C-labeled metabolites to assess isotopomer enrichment patterns of TCA intermediates. Citrate M + 2 and M + 4 derived from [13C3]-pyruvate increased at 87 d in LAT and MS mitochondria compared to LD mitochondria (p < 0.05). Regardless of the muscle, citrate M+3 increased at 87 d compared to 20, 53, and 120 d, while 180 d showed intermediate values (p < 0.01). These data support the notion that pyruvate metabolism is dynamic during growth. Our findings establish a metabolic fingerprint associated with postnatal muscle hypertrophy.
Investigation of Rhizopus oligosporus Metabolites in Fermented Wheat Bran and Its Bio Function in Alleviating Colitis in Mice Model
Authors: Agista Afifah Zahra , Chien Yu-Shan , Koseki Takuya , Nagaoka Hazuki , Ohnuma Takuto , Ohsaki Yusuke , Yeh Chiu-Li , Yang Suh-Ching , Ardiansyah  , Budijanto Slamet , Komai Michio , Shirakawa Hitoshi
Published: June 2024

Wheat bran (WB) is a low-value by-product of the wheat milling industry. Solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus is performed to improve WB’s nutritional quality (RH). Twenty-five mice (11-week-old C57BL/6N male mice) were divided into three groups. The first group was fed a control diet (n = 8), the second group a 10% WB-supplemented diet (n = 8), and the last group had a 10% RH-supplemented diet (n = 9). The diet treatment was administered for 4 days before dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% in drinking water) was administered for 9 days. RH supplementation prevented bodyweight loss and reduced the disease activity index in mice. An increase in the level of SCFAs in mouse intestines was detected post-RH supplementation, suggesting that SCFAs might have contributed to its anti-colitis effect. Metabolome analysis was conducted to explore other bioactive compounds in RH. R. oligosporus fermentation significantly increased the amounts of ergothioneine, arginine, branched-chain amino acids, and adenosine in wheat bran. All of these compounds are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. These bioactive compounds might also have contributed to the RH’s ability to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis.
Investigation of Healthcare-Acquired Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in an Italian Hematology Department before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Petrone Federica , Gizzi Carmine , Andriani Alessandro , Martini Vincenza , Sala Roberta , Abballe Angela , Capoccetta Lucia , Spicciato Angela , Cutuli Marco Alfio , Guarnieri Antonio , Venditti Noemi , Di Marco Roberto , Petronio Petronio Giulio
Published: June 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has made antibiotic resistance (AMR) and healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs) increasingly serious problems. Point-prevalence Surveys (PPS) and other surveillance techniques are essential for antimicrobial management and prevention. Methods: In a hematology department of an Italian hospital, the prevalence of HAI, microbiology, and AMR were examined in this retrospective study in two different periods, namely 2019 and 2021 (pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, respectively). Comparisons were made between patient demographics, hospitalization duration, surveillance swabs, and HAIs. Findings: There was no discernible variation in the prevalence of HAI between 2019 and 2021. Higher rates of HAI were connected with longer hospital stays. Variations in antimicrobial susceptibility and species distribution were found by microbiological analysis. Discussion: The incidence of HAI stayed constant during the epidemic. Nevertheless, shifts in antibiotic susceptibility and microbiological profiles highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and care. Conclusions: Despite the difficulties of COVID-19, ongoing surveillance and infection control initiatives are crucial for halting HAIs and battling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in healthcare environments. To fully understand the pandemic’s long-term impact on the spread of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance, more research is required.
Analyzing Cervical Microbiome Composition in HIV-Infected Women with Different HPV Infection Profiles: A Pilot Study in Thailand
Authors: Preechasuth Kanya , Brazier Lionel , Khamduang Woottichai , Hongjaisee Sayamon , Wangsaeng Nantawan , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole
Published: June 2024

We conducted a pilot study to analyze the microbiome in cervical samples of women living with HIV with various profiles of HPV infections. The participants had an average age of 41.5 years. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA V3 gene amplicons was performed using next-generation sequencing technology (Ion Torrent PGMTM). The bioinformatics pipeline was analyzed using the Find, Rapidly, OTUs with Galaxy Solution system (FROGS). Common genera were determined to identify Community State Types (CSTs). The cervical microbiome profiles showed a dominance of lactobacilli in 56% (five out of nine) of samples. All three women with normal cervical cells and high-risk HPV infection were classified as CST IV, characterized by anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginitis, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, Atopobium, and Sneathia. Among the two women with abnormal cervical cells and high-risk HPV infection, one was classified as CST III, and the other had an unclassified profile dominated by L. helveticus. Four women with normal cervical cells and no HPV infection exhibited various CSTs. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol in analyzing the cervical microbiome. However, further analysis with a larger number of longitudinal samples is necessary to determine the role of cervical microbiota in HPV persistence, clearance, or the development of precancerous lesions.
Varietal Susceptibility of Olive to Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and the Antibacterial Potential of Plant-Based Agents
Authors: Košćak Laura , Lamovšek Janja , Lukić Marina , Kovačević Tvrtko Karlo , Đermić Edyta , Goreta Ban Smiljana , Major Nikola , Godena Sara
Published: June 2024

Olive knot disease, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, causes great damage in olive orchards. While control measures of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive orchards primarily rely on pruning and copper-based treatments, the use of antibiotics as bactericidal preparations in agriculture is limited and highly restricted. However, plants are naturally endowed with protective molecules, such as phenolic compounds, which defend them against herbivores, insects, and microorganisms. This research aimed to test the virulence of five strains of P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi isolated from different growing regions and olive varieties, and to examine whether there is a difference in plant susceptibility based on the variety. An additional goal was to test the antimicrobial activity of olive mill wastewater, known for its high content of phenolic compounds, and aqueous garlic hydrolysate, as well as to compare them with a commercial copper-based product, pure hydroxytyrosol, and a standard antibiotic as references. Analysis of knot characteristics showed variations in the virulence of the P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi strains, with the highest virulence being observed for the strain I7L and the lowest virulence for the strain B45C-PR. The olive cultivar Rosinjola displayed higher susceptibility compared to Frantoio, Buža, and Leccino, while cv. Istarska bjelica exhibited the least susceptibility compared to the other investigated olive cultivars. In an attempt to explore alternative solutions for disease control, in vitro tests revealed that the phenol HTyr, GE, and the wastewater with the highest total phenolic content (cv. Istarska bjelica) possess the highest antibacterial activity. This supports the role of polyphenols in host defense, aligning with previous field observations of lower susceptibility of cv. Istarska bjelica to olive knot disease. These findings highlight the complex nature of olive knot interactions with bacterial strains and olive cultivars, simultaneously accentuating and underscoring the importance of considering the host’s defenses as well as bacterial virulence in disease management strategies.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antityrosinase Activities of Morina persica L. and Its Isolated Compounds
Authors: Özgen Rıdvan , Sezen Karaoğlan Esen , Sevindik Handan Gökben , Hancı Hayrunisa , Kazaz Cavit
Published: June 2024

In this study, the isolation of compounds from the aerial parts of Morina persica L. and the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of various polarity extracts and isolated compounds were investigated. Column chromatography methods were used for isolation. A microdilution method was used to determine antimicrobial activity; Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine total phenolic content; DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging- capacity methods were used to determine antioxidant activity; and a mushroom tyrosinase method was used to determine antityrosinase activity. Kaempferol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (astragalin) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) were isolated from M. persica. The extracts and compounds showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis than other tested bacteria. The highest phenolic content, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activity were detected in an ethyl acetate extract at 50 μg/mL concentration. The methanol extract showed the highest antityrosinase effect at 200 μg/mL concentration.
Integrating UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Network Pharmacology to Explore the Potential Mechanisms of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in the Treatment of Blood Stasis Syndrome
Authors: Ma Mengzhen , Du Qianqian , Shi Suying , Lv Jiahui , Zhang Wei , Ge Dezhu , Xing Lihua , Yu Nianjun
Published: June 2024

Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PLP) is thought to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. This study used blood component analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to predict the mechanism of PLP in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome (BSS). PLP was processed into Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR). PRA and PRR could significantly reduce whole blood viscosity (WBV) at 1/s shear rates and could increase the erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), plasma viscosity (PV), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of rats with acute blood stasis. They prolonged the prothrombin time (PT), and PRR prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). PRA and PRR increased the thrombin time (TT) and decreased the fibrinogen (FBG) content. All the results were significant (p < 0.05). Ten components of Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Paeonin C, and others were identified in the plasma of rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A protein–protein interaction network (PPI) analysis showed that AKT1, EGFR, SRC, MAPK14, NOS3, and KDR were key targets of PLP in the treatment of BSS, and the molecular docking results further verified this. This study indicated that PLP improves BSS in multiple ways and that the potential pharmacological mechanisms may be related to angiogenesis, vasoconstriction and relaxation, coagulation, and the migration and proliferation of vascular cells.
A Novel Intumescent MCA-Modified Sodium Silicate/Acrylic Flame-Retardant Coating to Improve the Flame Retardancy of Wood
Authors: Wang Yuting , Ran Ying , Shao Yuran , Zhu Jiawei , Du Chungui , Yang Fei , Bao Qichao , Shan Yingying , Zhang Weigang
Published: June 2024

The incompatibility between inorganic flame retardants and organic acrylic coatings represents a significant challenge that requires resolution. This work selected environmentally friendly organic aqueous acrylic coatings as the substrate, sodium silicate hydrate as the inorganic flame retardant, and melamine cyanurate (MCA) as the flame-retardant modifier and the flame-retardant co-modifier, with the objective of improving the dispersion and flame-retardant properties of sodium silicate hydrate in the aqueous acrylic coatings. Subsequently, the sodium silicate/MCA/waterborne acrylic acid flame-retardant coating was prepared. The flame-retardant treatment was then applied to poplar veneer in order to create a flame-retardant poplar veneer. The dispersion of the flame-retardant coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Furthermore, the flame-retardant properties of the flame-retardant poplar veneer were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter. The results demonstrated that the MCA-modified sodium silicate flame retardant was well dispersed in aqueous acrylic coatings. The results of the flame-retardant properties of the poplar veneer indicated that the ignition time of the 9% flame retardant-treated poplar veneer was increased by 122.7%, the limiting oxygen index value was increased by 43.0%, and the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the peak total heat release rate (pTHR), and the peak mass loss rate were decreased by 19.9%, 10.8%, and 27.2%, respectively, in comparison to the non-flame retardant-treated poplar veneer. Furthermore, the residual char mass increased by 14.4%, and the residual char exhibited enhanced thickness, density, and regularity. The results demonstrated that MCA was an effective promoter of sodium silicate dispersion in acrylic coatings. Furthermore, the sodium silicate/MCA/waterborne acrylic flame-retardant coating significantly enhance the flame retardancy of wood, and its flame retardant mechanism was consistent with the synergistic silicone–nitrogen expansion flame-retardant mechanism. This work presents a novel approach to enhancing the dispersion of inorganic flame retardants in organic coatings, offering a valuable contribution to the advancement of research and application in the domains of innovative flame retardant coatings and flame retardant wood.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Compounds with Nitroimidazole Moiety
Authors: Dziduch Katarzyna , Janowska Sara , Andrzejczuk Sylwia , Strzyga-Łach Paulina , Struga Marta , Feldo Marcin , Demchuk Oleg , Wujec Monika
Published: June 2024

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly those containing azole rings, have shown extensive biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Among these, the imidazole ring stands out due to its diverse therapeutic potential. In the presented study, we designed and synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives to identify compounds with high biological potential. We focused on two groups: thiosemicarbazide derivatives and hydrazone derivatives. We synthesized these compounds using conventional methods and confirmed their structures via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), MS, and elemental analysis, and then assessed their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida spp. strains. Our results showed that thiosemicarbazide derivatives exhibited varied activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The hydrazone derivatives, however, did not display significant antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that structural modifications can significantly influence the antimicrobial efficacy of imidazole derivatives, highlighting the potential of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as promising candidates for further development in antibacterial therapies. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines was evaluated. Two derivatives of hydrazide-hydrazone showed moderate anticancer activity.
Chemical Composition of Fat Bloom on Chocolate Products Determined by Combining NMR and HPLC–MS
Authors: Trapp Lena , Karschin Niels , Godejohann Markus , Schacht Hilke , Nirschl Hermann , Guthausen Gisela
Published: June 2024

To reduce unwanted fat bloom in the manufacturing and storage of chocolates, detailed knowledge of the chemical composition and molecular mobility of the oils and fats contained is required. Although the formation of fat bloom on chocolate products has been studied for many decades with regard to its prevention and reduction, questions on the molecular level still remain to be answered. Chocolate products with nut-based fillings are especially prone to undesirable fat bloom. The chemical composition of fat bloom is thought to be dominated by the triacylglycerides of the chocolate matrix, which migrate to the chocolate’s surface and recrystallize there. Migration of oils from the fillings into the chocolate as driving force for fat bloom formation is an additional factor in the discussion. In this work, the migration was studied and confirmed by MRI, while the chemical composition of the fat bloom was measured by NMR spectroscopy and HPLC–MS, revealing the most important triacylglycerides in the fat bloom. The combination of HPLC–MS with NMR spectroscopy at 800 MHz allows for detailed chemical structure determination. A rapid routine was developed combining the two modalities, which was then applied to investigate the aging, the impact of chocolate composition, and the influence of hazelnut fillings processing parameters, such as the degree of roasting and grinding of the nuts or the mixing time, on fat bloom formation.
A Visual Compendium of Principal Modifications within the Nucleic Acid Sugar Phosphate Backbone
Authors: Novikova Daria , Sagaidak Aleksandra , Vorona Svetlana , Tribulovich Vyacheslav
Published: June 2024

Nucleic acid chemistry is a huge research area that has received new impetus due to the recent explosive success of oligonucleotide therapy. In order for an oligonucleotide to become clinically effective, its monomeric parts are subjected to modifications. Although a large number of redesigned natural nucleic acids have been proposed in recent years, the vast majority of them are combinations of simple modifications proposed over the past 50 years. This review is devoted to the main modifications of the sugar phosphate backbone of natural nucleic acids known to date. Here, we propose a systematization of existing knowledge about modifications of nucleic acid monomers and an acceptable classification from the point of view of chemical logic. The visual representation is intended to inspire researchers to create a new type of modification or an original combination of known modifications that will produce unique oligonucleotides with valuable characteristics.
Chronoamperometric Ammonium Ion Detection in Water via Conductive Polymers and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Farina Roberta , Scalese Silvia , Corso Domenico , Capuano Giuseppe Emanuele , Screpis Giuseppe Andrea , Coniglio Maria Anna , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido , Libertino Sebania
Published: June 2024

Monitoring of ammonium ion levels in water is essential due to its significant impact on environmental and human health. This work aims to fabricate and characterize sensitive, real-time, low-cost, and portable amperometric sensors for low NH4+ concentrations in water. Two strategies were conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV): electrodeposition of Au nanoparticles on a commercial polyaniline/C electrode (Au/PANI/C), and CV of electropolymerized polyaniline on a commercial carbon electrode (Au/PANIep/C). Au NPs increase the electrical conductivity of PANI and its ability to transfer charges during electrochemical reactions. The electrode performances were tested in a concentration range from 0.35 µM to 7 µM in NH4+ solution. The results show that the Au/PANI/C electrode performs well for high NH4+ concentrations (0.34 µM LoD) and worsens for low NH4+ concentrations (0.01 µM LoD). A reverse performance occurs for the electrode Au/PANIep/C, with a 0.03 µM LoD at low NH4+ concentration and 0.07 µM LoD at high NH4+ concentration. The electrodes exhibit a good reproducibility, with a maximum RSD of 3.68% for Au/PANI/C and 5.94% for Au/PANIep/C. In addition, the results of the repeatability tests show that the electrochemical reaction of sensing is fully reversible, leaving the electrode ready for a new detection event.
Preparation of Quaternary Ammonium Separation Material based on Coupling Agent Chloromethyl Trimethoxysilane (KH-150) and Its Adsorption and Separation Properties in Studies of Th(IV)
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wu Xique , Liu Meichen , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Wang Haichao , Meng Xiangfu , Zhang Xiaofei
Published: June 2024

In this research, the authors studied the synthesis of a silicon-based quaternary ammonium material based on the coupling agent chloromethyl trimethoxysilane (KH-150) as well as its adsorption and separation properties for Th(IV). Using FTIR and NMR methods, the silicon-based materials before and after grafting were characterized to determine the spatial structure of functional groups in the silicon-based quaternary ammonium material SG-CTSQ. Based on this, the functional group grafting amount (0.537 mmol·g−1) and quaternization rate (83.6%) of the material were accurately calculated using TGA weight loss and XPS. In the adsorption experiment, the four materials with different grafting amounts showed different degrees of variation in their adsorption of Th(IV) with changes in HNO3 concentration and NO3− concentration but all exhibited a tendency toward anion exchange. The thermodynamic and kinetic experimental results demonstrated that materials with low grafting amounts (SG-CTSQ1 and SG-CTSQ2) tended to physical adsorption of Th(IV), while the other two tended toward chemical adsorption. The adsorption mechanism experiment further proved that the functional groups achieve the adsorption of Th(IV) through an anion-exchange reaction. Chromatographic column separation experiments showed that SG-CTSQ has a good performance in U-Th separation, with a decontamination factor for uranium in Th(IV) of up to 385.1, and a uranium removal rate that can reach 99.75%.