bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Gait Analysis: A Sequential Framework of Lightweight Deep Learning and Improved Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Khan Muhammad Attique , Arshad Habiba , Damaševičius Robertas , Alqahtani Abdullah , Alsubai Shtwai , Binbusayyis Adel , Nam Yunyoung , Kang Byeong-Gwon
Published: July 2022

Human gait recognition has emerged as a branch of biometric identification in the last decade, focusing on individuals based on several characteristics such as movement, time, and clothing. It is also great for video surveillance applications. The main issue with these techniques is the loss of accuracy and time caused by traditional feature extraction and classification. With advances in deep learning for a variety of applications, particularly video surveillance and biometrics, we proposed a lightweight deep learning method for human gait recognition in this work. The proposed method includes sequential steps–pretrained deep models selection of features classification. Two lightweight pretrained models are initially considered and fine-tuned in terms of additional layers and freezing some middle layers. Following that, models were trained using deep transfer learning, and features were engineered on fully connected and average pooling layers. The fusion is performed using discriminant correlation analysis, which is then optimized using an improved moth-flame optimization algorithm. For final classification, the final optimum features are classified using an extreme learning machine (ELM). The experiments were carried out on two publicly available datasets, CASIA B and TUM GAID, and yielded an average accuracy of 91.20 and 98.60%, respectively. When compared to recent state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed method is found to be more accurate.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis with Underlying Sarcoidosis-Rheumatoid Arthritis Overlap Syndrome: An Example of Diagnostic Test Threshold of Detection Affecting Test Results and Patient Care
Authors: Pankratz Daniel , Tichenor Jordan , Merino Fernando , Bahr Nathan C.
Published: July 2022

Histoplasmosis is common in many parts of the world but with areas of hyperendemicity. Disseminated histoplasmosis is the deadliest form of histoplasmosis and is most common among immunocompromised patients. Timely diagnosis is crucial to improve outcomes. We describe a patient on azathioprine and rituximab with disseminated histoplasmosis in which diagnosis was delayed in part because of negative early Histoplasma antigen testing, which was positive later in the course. This case serves as an example of the concept of “threshold of detection” in which a certain concentration of a microbe must be present for it to be detected by a diagnostic test that focuses on detection of a microbe or its components. This concept applies to many tests used to diagnose infectious diseases.
Evaluation on the Training Effect of Applied Talents in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of Regional Economy
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: July 2022

The purpose of higher vocational (HV) colleges is to serve regional economic development. Regional economy and HV education are mutually reinforcing and complementary. Based on the consideration of regional economic needs, this paper first divides the indexes of applied talents training effect in higher vocational colleges into four categories, namely, teaching level, employment results, employment ability, and satisfaction and establishes the index system. Then, we introduce the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate the weight and take A college as an example to evaluate and analyze the training effect of applied talents. Finally, according to the existing problems of HV education in serving regional economic development, we put forward the development suggestions of applied talents training mode in HV colleges, so as to provide some reference for HV colleges to improve their education level.
Dynamic Monitoring Method of Rural Tourism Popularity Based on Big Data Management Technology
Authors: Li Min , Li Rong , Wu Yongcheng
Published: July 2022

Great achievements have been made in the construction of new countryside, and rural tourism is an emerging industry. Rural tourism is an industry developed during the construction of new countryside, which promotes the development of rural economy. More and more people are going to the countryside to experience the life and scenery of the countryside. For managers of rural tourism, the dynamic monitoring of rural tourism is an important part. It can monitor the participation of tourists, which also can realize the monitoring of tourist satisfaction with attractions. However, managers only rely on traditional means to dynamically monitor the development of rural tourism, which consumes a lot of human and financial resources. This research uses big data technology to realize the dynamic monitoring and management of rural tourism. According to existing studies, big data technology can dynamically monitor the heat of rural tourism, providing better tourism experience and participation for tourists. Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network and convolutional neural network (CNN) can predict the dynamic development process of rural tourism industry well, and the dynamic values of related factors have a good linear correlation.
The Construction of College English Teaching Model from the Perspective of Internet-of-Things Wireless Communication
Authors: Lu Qingjiao , Wang Dongxuan , Zheng Weiyong
Published: July 2022

The college English teaching model from the perspective of the Internet of Things is to introduce technology into the teaching process of college English. There are mainly students, teachers, and knowledge classrooms. The relationship between these roles in college English teaching is analyzed and researched. Then observing the wireless communication of the Internet of Things to manage the complex teaching management model in a hierarchical and modular form. A college English teaching model that is, constructs a student-centered, hierarchical classroom teaching model. Strengthen the cultivation of students’ language application ability through the perception of English language and comprehensive language communication. And through the analysis of the understanding of the Internet of Things and the modules of college English teaching, the students, teachers, and knowledge in the classroom are organized in the classroom as a whole. The experimental results in this paper show that through the application of Internet of Things technology in college English teaching, students’ English learning ability improves by 15–18%.
Some Oscillation Criteria for a Class of Third‐Order Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Wang Miao , Dong Lifei
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study oscillatory properties of solutions to a class of third‐order differential equation where f(x)/xβ ≥ k > 0 and α and β are quotients of odd positive integers. By using the generalized Riccati technique, we obtain some oscillation and asymptotic criteria when α ≥ β and α < β. Finally, some examples are given to show the effectiveness of the criteria obtained.
Circulating Tumor DNA Kinetics Predict Progression-Free and Overall Survival in EGFR TKI–Treated Patients with EGFR-Mutant NSCLC (SWOG S1403)
Authors: Mack Philip C. , Miao Jieling , Redman Mary W. , Moon James , Goldberg Sarah B. , Herbst Roy S. , Melnick Mary Ann , Walther Zenta , Hirsch Fred R. , Politi Katerina , Kelly Karen , Gandara David R.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are under investigation as an early indicator of treatment outcome.

Experimental Design:

Serial plasma ctDNA (baseline, 8 weeks, and at progression) was prospectively incorporated into the SWOG S1403 clinical trial of afatinib ± cetuximab in tyrosine kinase inhibitor—naïve, EGFR mutation tissue–positive non–small cell lung cancer.

Results:

EGFR mutations were detected in baseline ctDNA in 77% (82/106) of patients, associated with the presence of brain and/or liver metastases and M1B stage. Complete clearance of EGFR mutations in ctDNA by 8 weeks was associated with a significantly decreased risk of progression, compared with those with persistent ctDNA at Cycle 3 Day 1 [HR, 0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.45; P < 0.0001], with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 15.1 (95% CI, 10.6–17.5) months in the group with clearance of ctDNA versus 4.6 (1.7–7.5) months in the group with persistent ctDNA. Clearance was also associated with a decreased risk of death (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21–0.90), P = 0.02; median overall survival (OS): 32.6 (23.5–not estimable) versus 15.6 (4.9–28.3) months.

Conclusions:

Plasma clearance of mutant EGFR ctDNA at 8 weeks was highly and significantly predictive of PFS and OS, outperforming RECIST response for predicting long-term benefit.
Inherited Germline Cancer Susceptibility Gene Variants in Individuals with Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Pietzak Eugene J. , Whiting Karissa , Srinivasan Preethi , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Khurram Aliya , Joseph Vijai , Walasek Aleksandra , Bochner Emily , Clinton Timothy , Almassi Nima , Truong Hong , de Jesus Escano Manuel R. , Wiseman Michal , Mandelker Diana , Kemel Yelena , Zhang Liying , Walsh Michael F. , Cadoo Karen A. , Coleman Jonathan A. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Iyer Gopakumar V. , Solit David B. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Offit Kenneth , Robson Mark E. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Berger Michael F. , Bajorin Dean F. , Carlo Maria , Bochner Bernard H.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Identification of inherited germline variants can guide personalized cancer screening, prevention, and treatment. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in cancer predisposition genes are frequent among patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, but their prevalence and significance in patients with non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the most common form of urothelial carcinoma, is understudied.

Experimental Design:

Germline analysis was conducted on paired tumor/normal sequencing results from two distinct cohorts of patients initially diagnosed with NMIBC. Associations between clinicopathologic features and clinical outcomes with the presence of P/LP germline variants in ≥76 hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed.

Results:

A similar frequency of P/LP germline variants were seen in our two NMIBC cohorts [12% (12/99) vs. 8.7% (10/115), P = 0.4]. In the combined analysis, P/LP germline variants were found only in patients with high-grade NMIBC (22/163), but none of the 46 patients with low-grade NMIBC (13.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.005). Fifteen (9.2%) patients with high-grade NMIBC had P/LP variants in DNA damage response genes, most within the nucleotide excision repair (ERCC2/3) and homologous recombination repair (BRCA1, NBN, RAD50) pathways. Contrary to prior reports in patients with NMIBC not receiving Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), P/LP germline variants were not associated with worse recurrence-free or progression-free survival in patients treated with BCG or with risk of developing upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Conclusions:

Our results support offering germline counseling and testing for all patients with high-grade bladder cancer, regardless of initial tumor stage. Therapeutic strategies that target impaired DNA repair may benefit patients with high-grade NMIBC.
Association of Plasma Iron Status with Subsequent Risk of Total and Site-Specific Cancer: A Large Case–Cohort Study within JPHC Study
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Nakano Shiori , Ihira Hikaru , Yamaji Taiki , Katagiri Ryoko , Sawada Norie , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki
Published: July 2022

It is unclear whether prediagnostic iron-related biomarkers in circulation are associated with cancer risk. We constructed a case-cohort of participants who had plasma samples available from the Japan Public Health Center—based Prospective Study and determined the incidence of cancer in these participants. We measured plasma concentrations of iron, ferritin, and hepcidin, and assessed the association between each biomarker and cancer incidence using a weighted Cox regression model. There were 4,253 participants in the sub-cohort (the randomly selected participants from an eligible, at-risk population) and 3,596 incident cancer cases (499 cases occurred in the sub-cohort). Median follow-up was for 16.5 years. In the multivariable adjusted analysis, iron deficiency (plasma ferritin <30 ng/mL) was associated with a higher risk of total cancer [adjusted HR, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.42] and the association was weaker after excluding those followed-up for <3 years. Iron overload was not significantly associated with total cancer (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82–1.33), but was associated with liver cancer (HR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.71–7.43). Lower plasma levels of hepcidin and ferritin are associated with an increased gastrointestinal cancer risk. Meanwhile, lower plasma hepcidin and higher plasma ferritin levels were associated with an increased liver cancer risk. In conclusion, there was no association between iron overload and cancer risk, besides liver cancer.

Prevention relevance:

High ferritin and low hepcidin levels in the plasma were associated with increased liver cancer risk. Evaluating iron metabolism including hepcidin levels may help identify people with high liver cancer risk.
Multimodal Imaging Findings in Retinopathy Associated with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy before and after Treatment with Intravitreal Aflibercept and Laser Photocoagulation
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi , Shimizu Masaki , Nakano Toshiya , Noda Kousuke , Tanito Masaki
Published: July 2022

A 52-year-old man with a history of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) and hypertension presented with decreased vision in his left eye (OS) of several weeks’ duration. The best-corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in both eyes (OU), with fundus soft exudates in the right eye (OD) and exudative maculopathy OS. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed macular edema and hard exudates OS, and OCT angiography (OCTA) showed nonperfusion areas and arterial tortuosity OU and a capillary aneurysm OS. After photocoagulation of the nonperfusion areas OU and intravitreal injection of aflibercept OS, the macular edema OS decreased and subjective symptoms improved. However, the nonperfusion area OS was enlarged on OCTA. We report the OCTA findings before and after antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment in a patient with FSHD.
Breaking Stereotypes: Polycythemia Secondary to Shisha Smoking in a Middle-Age Swiss Woman
Authors: Agbariah Nada , Rovó Alicia
Published: July 2022

The diagnosis of polycythemia, particularly the secondary forms, can be challenging. The distinction between primary and secondary polycythemia is relevant and has management implications. A systematic diagnostic workup algorithm and a good anamnesis are of paramount relevance. More than one cause may be involved in the development of polycythemia, identifying all of them will be the key to better understanding and eventually solving the polycythemia. We describe a case of a 53-year-old Swiss woman with polycythemia and a high level of carboxyhemoglobin. Her medical story included obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. The anamnesis ruled out the habit of smoking cigarettes; however, the patient reported that she was on a trip to Egypt 10 years before and bought herself a shisha; since then, she used to smoke shisha daily, at home, alone. After drastically reducing and then stopping the shisha smoking, 7 months later her blood count and carboxyhemoglobin completely normalized.
Mural Cell SRF Controls Pericyte Migration, Vessel Patterning and Blood Flow
Authors: Orlich Michael M. , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Muehlfriedel Regine , Sothilingam Vithiyanjali , Wolburg Hartwig , Oender Cansu Ebru , Woelffing Pascal , Betsholtz Christer , Gaengel Konstantin , Seeliger Mathias , Adams Ralf H. , Nordheim Alfred
Published: July 2022

Background:

Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, collectively known as mural cells, are recruited through PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B)-PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) signaling. MCs are essential for vascular integrity, and their loss has been associated with numerous diseases. Most of this knowledge is based on studies in which MCs are insufficiently recruited or fully absent upon inducible ablation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological consequences that result from impairment of specific MC functions. Here, we characterize the role of the transcription factor SRF (serum response factor) in MCs and study its function in developmental and pathological contexts.

Methods:

We generated a mouse model of MC-specific inducible
Srf
gene deletion and studied its consequences during retinal angiogenesis using RNA-sequencing, immunohistology, in vivo live imaging, and in vitro techniques.

Results:

By postnatal day 6, pericytes lacking SRF were morphologically abnormal and failed to properly comigrate with angiogenic sprouts. As a consequence, pericyte-deficient vessels at the retinal sprouting front became dilated and leaky. By postnatal day 12, also the vascular smooth muscle cells had lost SRF, which coincided with the formation of pathological arteriovenous shunts. Mechanistically, we show that PDGFB-dependent SRF activation is mediated via MRTF (myocardin-related transcription factor) cofactors. We further show that MRTF-SRF signaling promotes pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. RNA-sequencing, immunohistology, in vivo live imaging, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SRF regulates expression of contractile SMC proteins essential to maintain the vascular tone.

Conclusions:

SRF is crucial for distinct functions in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. SRF directs pericyte migration downstream of PDGFRB signaling and mediates pathological pericyte activation during ischemic retinopathy. In vascular smooth muscle cells, SRF is essential for expression of the contractile machinery, and its deletion triggers formation of arteriovenous shunts. These essential roles in physiological and pathological contexts provide a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches through targeting SRF activity in MCs.
Increase in Ruptured Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations and Mortality in the United States: Unintended Consequences of the ARUBA Trial?
Authors: Dicpinigaitis Alis J. , Ogulnick Jonathan V. , Mayer Stephan A. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Al‐Mufti Fawaz
Published: July 2022

Background

The findings of the ARUBA (A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation) trial, which determined that medical management was superior to prophylactic interventional therapy for the treatment of unruptured cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs), remain polarizing and controversial.

Methods

Adult cAVM patient admissions were identified in the National Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2019. The incidence of cAVM rupture and in‐hospital mortality were compared between the pre‐ (2009–2013) and post‐ARUBA trial eras (2014–2019) using complex samples‐weighted estimates and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A control cohort composed of an alternate pathology (ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms) was also assessed during the study period to evaluate potential bias.

Results

Among 121 415 hospitalizations for cAVM during the study period, 31 389 (25.9%) were admissions for ruptured malformations. The incidence of ruptured cAVM increased in the post‐ARUBA trial era (13.3% versus 34.4%;
P
<0.001) as well as rates of in‐hospital mortality (2.0% versus 7.6%;
P
<0.001). Following multivariable regression analysis adjusting for age, illness severity, and acute neurological condition, the post‐ARUBA trial era was independently associated with both cAVM rupture (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.99; [95% CI, 1.72–2.29];
P
<0.001) and in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR, 1.94; [95% CI, 1.37–2.75];
P
<0.001). Control cohort comparative analysis revealed that rates of hospitalizations for ruptured cerebral aneurysms relative to all aneurysm admissions did not differ before and after 2014 (84.5% versus 84.3%;
P
=0.185).

Conclusion

The incidence of ruptured cAVM increased following 2014, potentially a reflection of a paradigm shift to conservative and noninterventional management strategies in patients with unruptured cAVM. Further studies may be necessary to exclude other confounders contributing to this rise.
The Failure to Destroy the Authority of the European Court of Human Rights: 2010–2018
Authors: Sweet Alec Stone , Sandholtz Wayne , Andenas Mads
Published: July 2022

In the 2010–2018 period, certain Member States of the Council of Europe engaged in an unprecedented attempt to undermine the authority of the European Court of Human Rights. The United Kingdom and Denmark, supported by critics in academia, notably sought to institutionalise the principles of “subsidiarity” and “the margin of appreciation” as formal deference doctrines. In a series of High Level Conferences, a large majority of Member States repudiated these efforts, leaving the basics of the Court’s powers intact. Despite scholarly efforts to demonstrate the contrary, our analysis does not confirm that the Court has “walked-back” rights, or retreated from its basic jurisprudential orientations. Rather, the Court has sought to address its “dilemma of effectiveness” through inter-judicial dialogue and complex forms of proceduralization.
The Politics of Galut: On the Rabbinical Tradition of the Least Bad Solution
Authors: Trom Danny
Published: July 2022

Since exile, the galut, is an outcome of Israel’s defeat, the Jewish political tradition rests on the quest of the least bad solution. This contrasts with Greek-Western political theory. Residing in foreign kingdoms, Jews had to accept their domination and invest in ways to survive in hostile environments. The article shows how rabbinical literature invented a kind of proto-theory of survival and opens opportunities for Jewish agency. Even the State of Israel, generally seen as a rupture in Jewish history, fits into this traditional political logic of survival in exile.
Devonian smooth-walled tasmanids and new insights of life-cycle descriptions through fluorescence microscopy
Authors: MEEHAN KIMBERLY C.
Published: July 2022

Fossil microspherules suspected to be marine algal cysts of varying mineralogy are abundant in Paleozoic deposits worldwide. Positive identification of remineralized microspherule fossils is problematic and long debated, particularly for tasmanid species. Several hundred silica-rich microspherules were retrieved through complete maceration of black shale samples from the Givetian Oatka Creek Formation of the Appalachian Basin. Microspherules were analyzed visually through transmitted, incident light, and fluorescence microscopy. The structural features of these microspherules are evident and are interpreted to be Tasmanites sinuous. The images presented herein are the first fluorescence images showing in detail the life cycle stages of the genus Tasmanites. This work also confirms that this tasmanid species does extend into the Givetian as suspected from prior research.
In-Phase Variations of Spring and Summer Droughts over Northeast China and Their Relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Hu Yuepeng , Zhou Botao , Han Tingting , Li Huixin , Wang Huijun
Published: July 2022

Analyses of the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), using the season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) method, indicate that the second leading mode of drought over Northeast China features an in-phase variation from spring to summer. Such an in-phase change is closely connected to the persistence of geopotential height anomalies around Lake Baikal. The positive height anomalies around Lake Baikal, with an equivalent barotropic structure in the troposphere, can decrease water vapor transport into Northeast China and induce anomalous descending motion over Northeast China during both seasons, favoring precipitation deficit and high temperature in situ and hence resulting in the synchronous variations of spring and summer droughts. Further investigation reveals that the spring North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a notable role in the in-phase change of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China. The positive phase of spring NAO could induce spring drought over Northeast China directly through its influence on the above atmospheric circulations via a zonal wave train emanating from the North Atlantic. Meanwhile, it can also increase the soil moisture in central Siberia by enhancing the local snow depth. The wetter soil moisture in the following summer, in turn, increases the meridional temperature gradient between the middle and high latitudes and then forces westerly anomalies around 60°N, consequently yielding positive height anomalies around Lake Baikal that favor the occurrence of summer drought over Northeast China. Therefore, the spring NAO is hypothesized to contribute to the in-phase variations of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China through the combined roles of zonal wave train and central Siberian soil moisture.

Significance Statement

Northeast China suffers from frequent droughts severely in recent decades. Thus, it is urgent to understand the physical mechanisms of drought in Northeast China. Using the season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis, this study indicates that the second mode of S-EOF shows an in-phase change of drought from spring to summer over Northeast China, which is associated with the persistence of geopotential height anomalies around Lake Baikal. Our study further reveals that the spring NAO plays a pronounced role in the in-phase change of spring–summer droughts over Northeast China, through the combined roles of zonal wave train and the soil moisture in the central Siberian plateau. These findings are encouraging for better understanding of drought in Northeast China and are also important for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Partial Control of the Gulf of Mexico Dynamics by the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere
Authors: Larrañaga Marco , Renault Lionel , Jouanno Julien
Published: July 2022

The surface oceanic current feedback (CFB) to the atmosphere has been shown to correct long-lasting biases in the representation of ocean dynamics by providing an unambiguous energy sink mechanism. However, its effects on the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) oceanic circulation are not known. Here, twin ocean–atmosphere eddy-rich coupled simulations, with and without CFB, are performed for the period 1993–2016 over the GoM to assess to which extent CFB modulates the GoM dynamics. CFB, through the eddy killing mechanism and the associated transfer of momentum from mesoscale currents to the atmosphere, damps the mesoscale activity by roughly 20% and alters eddy statistics. We furthermore show that the Loop Current (LC) extensions can be classified into three categories: a retracted LC, a canonical LC, and an elongated LC. CFB, by damping the mesoscale activity, enhance the occurrence of the elongated category (by about 7%). Finally, by increasing the LC extension, CFB plays a key role in determining LC eddy separations and statistics. Taking into account CFB improves the representation of the GoM dynamics, and it should be taken into account in ocean models.
Formalizing Trust in Historical Weather Data
Authors: Sieber Renée , Slonosky Victoria , Ashcroft Linden , Pudmenzky Christa
Published: July 2022

Historical instrumental weather observations are vital to understanding past, present, and future climate variability and change. However, the quantity of historical weather observations to be rescued globally far exceeds the resources available to do the rescuing. Which observations should be prioritized? Here we formalize guidelines help make decisions on rescuing historical data. Rather than wait until resource-intensive digitization is done to assess the data’s value, insights can be gleaned from the context in which the observations were made and the history of the observers. Further insights can be gained from the transcription platforms used and the transcribers involved in the data rescue process, without which even the best historical observations can be mishandled. We use the concept of trust to help integrate and formalize the guidelines across the life cycle of data rescue, from the original observation source to the transcribed data element. Five cases of citizen science-based historical data rescue, two from Canada and three from Australia, guide us in constructing a trust checklist. The checklist assembles information from the original observers and their observations to the current transcribers and transcription approaches they use. Nineteen elements are generated to help future data rescue projects answer the question of whether resources should be devoted to rescuing historical meteorological material under consideration.

Significance Statement

Historical weather observations, such as ships’ logs and weather diaries, help us to understand our past, present, and future climate. More observations are waiting to be rescued than there are resources. Only after they have been rescued—transcribed—can the records be indexed, searched, and analyzed. Given the vast task, citizen scientists are often recruited to transcribe past weather records. Various tools, including software platforms, help volunteers transcribe these handwritten records. We provide guidance on choosing observations to rescue. This guidance is novel because it emphasizes trust throughout the data rescue process: trust in who the observers were and how the observations were made, trust in who the current transcribers are, and trust in the software tools that are used for transcription.
Preference for Inequality and Ethical Trade-Offs: A U.S. – Turkey Comparison
Authors: Unal Ali F. , Chen Chao C.
Published: July 2022

Societies and organizations face the dual challenges of increasing economic prosperity while also achieving social justice and protecting individual human rights. Drawing on cross-cultural research and social dominance theory, we investigate differences in trade-off decisions between managers and professionals from the U.S. and Turkey in responding to ethical dilemmas in two contexts: business organizations and their respective societies at large. U.S. managers, compared with their Turkish counterparts, and individuals of both the U.S. and Turkish nationalities with stronger social dominance orientation, prioritized economic prosperity over social justice, and the rights of the privileged over rights of the disadvantaged. Finally, social dominance orientation mediated some of the nationality effects. Theoretical and practical implications of cross- and within-cultural differences in ethical trade-offs are discussed.
Development of thermal resistance prediction model and measurement of thermal resistance of clothing under fully wet conditions
Authors: Yang Ruiliang , Wu Zijiang , Qian Xiaoming , Shi Yunlong
Published: July 2022

When clothing is immersed in water, the water will rapidly occupy the internal void of the clothing, and the air layer inside the clothing will disappear, which leads to a drastic reduction in the thermal resistance of the clothing. To calculate the thermal resistance of clothing under fully wet conditions, a novel serial method was proposed. The method is a combination of the thermal resistance of water and the thermal resistance of wet fibers. To verify the effectiveness of the new method, the thermal resistances of three typical suits under fully wet conditions were measured. Three typical suits, a summer suit (T-shirt + shorts), a spring suit (sportswear + sweatpants), and a winter suit (cotton coat + wool pants), were chosen as test objects. The thermal resistances of these suits under fully wet conditions were measured in an experimental water tank built in a chamber using a thermal manikin, “Walter.” The thermal resistance measurement in this study can eliminate the experimental error caused by the evaporation of water so as to obtain an accurate thermal resistance measurement. According to the experimental results and the model, the key factors affecting the thermal resistance under fully wet conditions were thickness ( Rpearson = 0.992), porosity ( Rpearson = 0.980), and moisture content ( Rpearson = 0.964). Compared to other thermal resistance prediction models, the prediction results by the novel method were more consistent with the measured results, with all deviations less than 10% and the correlation value R2 = 0.998.
COVID-19 vaccination-triggered cluster headache episodes with frequent attacks
Authors: Brandt Roemer B , Ouwehand Rosa-Lin H , Ferrari Michel D , Haan Joost , Fronczek Rolf
Published: July 2022

Background

The pathophysiology of cluster headache and how cluster episodes are triggered, are still poorly understood. Recurrent inflammation of the trigeminovascular system has been hypothesized. It was noted that some long-term attack-free cluster headache patients suddenly developed a new cluster episode shortly after COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods

Cases are described from patients with cluster headache who reported a new cluster episode within days after COVID-19 vaccination. All cases were seen in a tertiary university referral center and a general hospital in the Netherlands between March 2021 and December 2021, when the first COVID-19 vaccinations were carried out in The Netherlands. Clinical characteristics of the previous and new cluster episodes, and time between the onset of a new cluster episode and a previous COVID-19 vaccination were reported.

Results

We report seven patients with cluster headache, who had been attack-free for a long time, in whom a new cluster episode occurred within a few days after a COVID-19 vaccination.

Interpretation

COVID-19 vaccinations may trigger new cluster episodes in patients with cluster headache, possibly by activating a pro-inflammatory state of the trigeminocervical complex. COVID-19 vaccinations may also exacerbate other neuroinflammatory conditions.
A New Technique for Correction of Fibrous Pollybeak Deformity Using a Rotational V-Shaped Flap in Secondary Rhinoplasty
Authors: Fakih-Gomez Nabil , Marin-Mendez Hector Manuel , Mungo-Quezada Gianna , Abrego-Mendez Erik Miguel , Caballero-Rodriguez Alaide , Castro-Carrasco Fabricio , Fakih-Gomez Ibrahim
Published: July 2022

Pollybeak deformity is a postoperative nasal deformity. This occurs when the lower third of the dorsum is more projected than the tip. Several etiologies due to primary and secondary rhinoplasty have been described in the literature. Some of these are preventable, while others are postoperative. We designed a convenient technique to correct fibrous pollybeak deformities presented in revision surgeries. The procedure is performed under tumescent local anesthesia. An open technique was used to expose the supratip deformity. A flap is designed and elevated anatomically from the supratip area and then divided into 2 halves, resulting in a forked flap joined at the vertex resembling a “V.” Then both flaps are overlapped to project the tip to the desired position. The V-shaped flap is fixed in its position by simple sutures to the underlying cartilage. A significant improvement in correcting fibrous supratip deformity was noted in postoperative evaluation. All our patients were satisfied with the result and healed uneventfully with no significant complications. This alternative technique is simple and practical for correction of fibrous pollybeak deformity over traditional techniques. The V-shaped flap can be addressed with 1 maneuver, both the pollybeak deformity and the nasal tip projection.
Bio-based sustainable composites from hazelnut shell and PP/SEBS blends
Authors: Cetin Mukaddes Sevval , Ipek Melek , Fidan Gulsah , Toprakci Ozan , Karahan Toprakci Hatice Aylin
Published: July 2022

In this study, waste hazelnut shells (HNS) were powderized and used as the filler for the fabrication of sustainable polymeric composites. HNS based composites can be used for many applications because of their tunable intrinsic brown color for various indoor and outdoor applications including decking applications and furniture that require a natural esthetic appearance. Polypropylene (PP), styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS), and 50/50 PP/SEBS blends were used as the polymeric matrixes. HNS concentration was set to 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%. PP/SEBS blend and HNS filled granules were prepared by melt mixing in an extruder. Following that polymeric films were fabricated from the granules by compression molding. The morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, contact angle, water absorption analyses were performed in order to characterize the composites. Matrix type and filler concentration were found significant for the properties. PP/SEBS blends showed homogeneous morphology. At low concentrations, fillers were well-dispersed. On the other hand, at 10 wt% HNS loading agglomerations were observed and mechanical properties showed a noticeable drop. PP-based composites showed the highest tensile strength and elastic modulus with the lowest tensile strain. SEBS-based composites showed the lowest tensile strength and elastic modulus with the highest tensile strain. PP/SEBS composites showed mechanical properties between PP and SEBS. The incorporation of SEBS into PP increased the flexibility of the composites and resulted in relatively higher strain at break.
Picking up the pieces: Transitional justice responses to destruction of tangible cultural heritage
Authors: Coakley Sinéad , McAuliffe Pádraig
Published: July 2022

The intentional destruction of tangible cultural heritage is commonplace in contemporary conflict. Heritage has immense social, symbolic, and spiritual value and its destruction reveals a broader attack on cultural identity and coexistence. Transitional justice (TJ) efforts have largely neglected cultural destruction as part of a wider marginalisation of cultural rights. This article considers why this is the case and argues that TJ has a meaningful role to play in engaging with issues of collective identity by countering harmful narratives of difference and recognising the legitimacy of cultural variance. It explores the ways TJ can incorporate cultural destruction within the remit of truth commissions, shape educational curricula and influence physical reconstruction of destroyed heritage. In so doing, it can give effect to the indivisibility and interdependence of civil and political, socio-economic, and cultural rights.
Utilisation of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram Services in the State of Telangana: A Rural–Urban Comparison
Authors: Chowhan Nanditha , Sodani Prahlad Rai , Mehrotra Anupam , Bandhu Ashish
Published: July 2022

Background:

Maternal and infant mortality remains one of the concerns in India, even in high-performing states like Telangana. However, the urban–rural divide in the maternal and child health service provided and utilisation by the population is more concerning. The Government of India launched schemes like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram (JSSK) to improve institutional delivery and reduce the out-of-pocket expenditure of users seeking service at public institutions and private institutions facilities. This study aims to study the utilisation of one such service, that is, JSSK, and compare it in urban and rural areas of Telangana state.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Warangal and Ranga Reddy districts in the state of Telangana with an interview schedule administered to mothers who had at least one child at the time of the interview and were beneficiaries of JSY and JSSK from the previous delivery. A multistage cluster random sampling was used to select the study area, and a total of 408 respondents were chosen to participate in the study.

Results:

The study found that most facility characteristics related to maternal and child health, JSSK service availability and JSSK service satisfaction and awareness were significantly different across the urban and rural areas.

Conclusion:

The study found that crucial factors affecting respondents’ services utilisation differed across urban and rural areas. This study shows there is still a margin of improvement in services provided under the JSY and JSSK, especially in service availability and awareness of the population on their entitlements under these schemes.
The Cerebral Cortex and the Songs of Homer: When Neuroscience Meets History and Literature
Authors: Saccheri Paola , Travan Luciana , Crivellato Enrico
Published: July 2022

In this article we reconsider Homer’s poetry in the light of modern achievements in neuroscience. This perspective offers some clues for examining specific patterns of brain functioning. Homer’s epics, for instance, painted a synthetic picture of the human body, emphasizing some parts and neglecting others. This led to the formation of a body schema reminiscent of a homunculus, which we call the “Homeric homunculus.” Both poems were largely the product of centuries of oral tradition, in which the prodigious memory of courtly rhapsodists was essential to the performance of the epics. The underlying cognitive functions required a close interplay of memory and language skills, supported by the musical and rhythmic cadence of Homeric verse.
Experimental and numerical study on the mechanical properties of honeycomb plate box-type hollow roof structure
Authors: Zhao Caiqi , Zhao Weiran , Zheng Tengteng , Xu Yun
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a new honeycomb plate box-type hollow roof structure is prepared. The failure mode and mechanical properties of the box-type hollow roof structure were analyzed by bearing capacity test and numerical analysis. The validity of the numerical analysis model is verified by comparing the results of bearing capacity test with the results of the complete coordinated model and the coupled model analysis. The results show that the failure mode of the specimen is tensile failure of the surface plate of the honeycomb plate with strengthened frame and buckling instability of the plate near the joint. The box-type hollow roof structure has good ductility. The results of static analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis of the honeycomb plate box-type hollow roof structure are carried out by coupling model are more consistent with the results of bearing capacity test.
The robustness of popular multiclass machine learning models against poisoning attacks: Lessons and insights
Authors: Maabreh Majdi , Maabreh Arwa , Qolomany Basheer , Al-Fuqaha Ala
Published: July 2022

Despite the encouraging outcomes of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications, the safety of artificial intelligence–based systems is one of the most severe challenges that need further exploration. Data set poisoning is a severe problem that may lead to the corruption of machine learning models. The attacker injects data into the data set that are faulty or mislabeled by flipping the actual labels into the incorrect ones. The word “robustness” refers to a machine learning algorithm’s ability to cope with hostile situations. Here, instead of flipping the labels randomly, we use the clustering approach to choose the training samples for label changes to influence the classifiers’ performance and the distance-based anomaly detection capacity in quarantining the poisoned samples. According to our experiments on a benchmark data set, random label flipping may have a short-term negative impact on the classifier’s accuracy. Yet, an anomaly filter would discover on average 63% of them. On the contrary, the proposed clustering-based flipping might inject dormant poisoned samples until the number of poisoned samples is enough to influence the classifiers’ performance severely; on average, the same anomaly filter would discover 25% of them. We also highlight important lessons and observations during this experiment about the performance and robustness of popular multiclass learners against training data set–poisoning attacks that include: trade-offs, complexity, categories, poisoning resistance, and hyperparameter optimization.
Simulation and verification of master S-N curves of titanium alloy welded structures based on bootstrap method
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Wang Yuedong , Yu Chunyang , Dong Qi
Published: July 2022

In the small sample fatigue test space, in order to obtain the master S-N curves of each reliability of the titanium alloy welded structures. Firstly, the Bootstrap method is combined with the equivalent structural stress to determine the minimum number of samples under each level of equivalent structural stress, and the appropriate resampling times are obtained through residual analysis. Secondly, based on the fatigue test data of titanium alloy welded joints with different plate thicknesses, materials, types and stress ratios, the linear regression model of master S-N curves are determined by using the traditional group method and Bootstrap method, and its reliability is 99%, 95%, 84%, and 50% respectively. Finally, the comparative analysis shows that the titanium alloy fatigue test samples obtained by Bootstrap method tends to be more stable, which improves the fitting degree of the titanium alloy fatigue life test data and the accuracy of the fatigue life prediction when the sample is small. A more accurate regression model of the master S-N curves of titanium alloy welded structures was obtained and verified.
Mid- to Long-Term Outcomes After Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in Patients With Radiological Kissing Lesion
Authors: Kim Kang-Il , Kim Jun-Ho , Lee Sang-Hak , Song Sang-Jun , Jo Myeong-Guk
Published: July 2022

Background:

Although medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is the treatment of choice for patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis with varus malalignment, concerns about inferior outcomes in patients with preoperative radiological kissing lesion (RKL) remain.

Purpose:

To compare the mid- to long-term clinical and radiological results and survivorship after MOWHTO in patients with versus without preoperative RKL.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were 122 knees in patients who underwent MOWHTO with a medial locked plate and had minimum 5-year follow-up data. The mean age at surgery was 55.9 years (range, 38-65 years), and the mean follow-up was 7.5 years (range, 5-12.8 years). All patients had undergone second-look arthroscopy around 2 years after MOWHTO. The knees were divided into an RKL group (n = 17) and no-RKL group (n = 105) based on preoperative standing radiographs. The authors compared postoperative American Knee Society (AKS) knee and function scores, range of motion, and improvements in AKS scores between groups, as well as hip-knee-ankle angle, medial proximal tibial angle, and joint-line convergence angle from preoperatively to postoperatively. Also compared were the degree of cartilage regeneration between first- and second-look arthroscopy and the survival rate after index surgery.

Results:

Preoperative AKS scores were significantly lower in the RKL group versus the no-RKL group (AKS knee, 79.6 ± 7.5 vs 83.8 ± 3.9, P = .037; AKS function, 68.8 ± 9.3 vs 76.0 ± 5.1, P = .006). Likewise, postoperative AKS scores were significantly lower in the RKL group versus the no-RKL group (AKS knee: 91.3 ± 4.2 vs 94.4 ± 1.6, respectively, P = .008; AKS function: 90.0 ± 10.0 vs 97.6 ± 4.5, respectively, P = .007). However, all patients had excellent postoperative AKS knee and function scores (>80). Moreover, there were no between-group differences in pre- to postoperative improvement in AKS scores, postoperative radiological changes, or grade of cartilage regeneration. The survival rates in the RKL and no-RKL groups were 100% and 97.1%, respectively ( P ≥ .999).

Conclusion:

Although the latest clinical scores were lower in the RKL group than in the no-RKL group, comparable results in postoperative clinical improvement, cartilage regeneration, and survivorship were observed in patients with RKL at mid- to long-term follow-up.