bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizing the Domain of Menus
Authors: Gibbons Stephen C.
Published: July 2017

This paper will present a global definition for menu systems and propose a domain structure in support of this definition. A literature review was conducted to provide broad, integrated coverage and critical assessment of past and present research trends. This effort provides the background necessary to present our definition of menu dialogues by outlining the present state of domain knowledge. The proffered definition divides the domain into three areas: allowable menu system structures; identifiable menu system objects; and menu system sequence control aspects. These three areas are expanded in the paper to support the definition and function as an organizational framework for the domain.
An Application of the Semantic Differential to Icon Design
Authors: Lin Rungtai
Published: July 2017

Previous studies have indicated that the semantic differential was effective in evaluating comprehension of icons. However, the capability of semantic differential ratings depends on whether the underlying rating factors have been chosen properly. It is necessary to find out what cognitive factors affect the evaluation of an icon. Then, these factors can be used as the basis for semantic differential ratings on the proposed icons during the design stage. Most of the studies are focused on the evaluation after the design is completed. Very few have ever mentioned the approaches of icon evaluation at the design stage to ensure the design quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is intended to derive and validate the cognitive factors that affect icon designs, and to provide designers with a tool having predictive information for evaluating and modifying the proposed icons at an early design stage.
A User Interface Design Concept for Visualization of Multidimensional Process Models
Authors: Bullemer Peter T. , Metz Stephen V. , Richardson Rose Mae
Published: July 2017

We describe a user interface design concept for the interactive visualization of multidimensional industrial process models. Key features of the design include: a matrix layout of 3-D and 2-D graphical plots, an interaction area for visualizing integral relationships and selecting context for viewing individual x-y functions, and a reference area extending throughout the matrix for maintaining focus on desirable values of product quality. These features are motivated by task-specific needs to develop conceptual models of the physical processes used in making products. Conceptual models enable process engineers to determine the optimal operating ranges for controllable process parameters.
The Sophistry of Guidelines: Revisiting Recipes for Color Use in Human-Computer Interface Design
Authors: Woods David D. , Johannesen Leila , Potter Scott S.
Published: July 2017

A survey study of color guidelines for user-computer interface design was undertaken and assessed against relevant knowledge about the human perceptual system. The main problem found is that some guidelines are dissociated from knowledge of how the human perceptual system works in relation to the constraints of the computer as a medium for perception. The guidelines approach, whose goal is to produce straightforward, concise recommendations for a diverse audience, may encourage this situation. Some specific problems and gaps in color guidelines are discussed. An alternative approach based on gearing guidance to the difficulties and common problems faced by designers is sketched.
Advanced Control Room Design Review Guidelines: Merging Old and New
Authors: Carter Richard J. , Wachtel Jerry A.
Published: July 2017

The nuclear power industry is currently developing operator interface systems based on innovative applications of digital computers. To assure that this advanced technology is incorporated in a way that maximizes the potential safety benefits of the technology and minimizes the potential negative effects on human performance, human factors principles must be considered. NUREG-0700 contains guidelines for the review of operator interfaces. However, in light of the rapid technological advances in digital technology which have taken place in the eleven years since its publication, it is no longer adequate to assess the rapidly changing human-system interfaces. A research program, the purpose of which is to upgrade NUREG-0700, has been initiated. Thus far a set of draft advanced control room design review (ACRDR) guidelines has been complied. Three tasks, which were oriented towards integrating the applicable guidelines in NUREG-0700 into the ACRDR document, are described in the paper.
The Interface between Human Factors and Design
Authors: Gillan Douglas J. , Bias Randolph G.
Published: July 2017

Software designers with limited knowledge of human factors often play a crucial role in the design of user interfaces. The thesis of this paper is that the field of human factors needs to be concerned with the design of interfaces between itself and the rest of the design community. We identify the mission objective for the human factors-design interface as improving the overall quality of design by enhancing communication and the transfer of knowledge. A selected set of requirements for the interface includes (1) communication, from human factors to designers, of proven and relevant design approaches, and (2) communication, from designers to human factors, of pertinent design constraints and methods of integrating human factors concerns and data into design. A discussion of concepts for the human factors-design interface describes and analyzes educational technologies (e.g., video classes and short courses), an electronic gatekeeper (a bulletin board-like system through which human factors experts and designers communicate), and design analysis software (which automatically apply human factors principles to designs).
Standards, the Future, and Designers
Authors: Carter Jim A.
Published: July 2017

This paper explores the growing relationship between HCI developers and HCI standards. It includes a comprehensive background of WHO (more than just users and developers), WHAT (there are standards and then there are Standards), WHERE (a variety of HCI standards are coming from a variety of groups), WHEN (standard development takes time), WHY (standards are inevitable). It then discusses HOW these standards will effect HCI developers and in particular the HCI design process and compliance with HCI standards. It concludes with agendas of standard related activities both for HCI standardizers and for HCI development organizations.
Incident Retrieval from NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System
Authors: Chappell Sheryl L. , Tarrel Richard J.
Published: July 2017

The most basic goal of the aviation human factors discipline is to improve flight safety. This goal is instantiated in the optimization of displays and controls to make correct operation efficient and erroneous operation unlikely. Incident data are an important source of information for identifying safety problems and quantifying the safety of the system, including trends in safety, e.g., due to operational changes. Incident data can also provide insights from the participants as to the underlying factors and sequence of events or conditions that are present in safety anomalies. These data can, and should, play an important role in human factors research and the operation of human-machine systems.

The Aviation Safety Reporting System is a voluntary incident reporting system with contributions predominantly from pilots and air traffic controllers. The database currently holds over 100,000 incident reports from the last five years. Each report contains information identifying the type of flight or air traffic control facility, the nature of the airspace, the experience level of the reporter, the type of incident, and often a detailed description of the circumstances which contributed to the loss of safety. The nonpunitive nature of the reporting system stimulates reports that are revealing of human error and systemic weaknesses. This depository of information provides a unique source of very high quality incident data.
A High Performance, Low Cost, Active, Two Degree of Freedom Hand Controller
Authors: Levitan Lee , DeMers Robert E. , Schipper Brian
Published: July 2017

Honeywell has developed a unique, motor driven, two degree of freedom hand controller that offers high levels of performance and ease of programming variables of importance for controller responsiveness and user acceptance. The simple design leads to relatively low cost and high reliability when compared with other designs. Independent motors lead to improved performance for a given motor size and ease of adding redundant motors.
Job Performance Aids for the Flight Standards Service
Authors: Layton Charles F. , Johnson William B.
Published: July 2017

Aviation Safety Inspectors make up the inspection team of the Flight Standards Service, which is responsible for enforcing the laws governing civil aviation. We are developing pen-computer-based job performance aids to assist the inspectors in their job duties. These aids provide inspectors with tools for data collection and on-line documentation. The tools eliminate redundant data recording, prevent errors, increase capabilities, and support quick retrieval of up-to-date regulatory information.
An Explanatory Model for Influences of Air Traffic Control Task Parameters on Controller Work Pressure
Authors: Bruce D. S. , Freeberg Norman E. , Rock Donald A.
Published: July 2017

Data were obtained in an operational air traffic control (ATC) setting from seven (7) FAA Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs) for 65 air space sectors within those centers. Measures used for study analysis were obtained during 90 minute data collection sessions and included: (a) ATC system inputs in the form of time of day, facility location, air traffic volume and air traffic configurational complexity, (b) the presence of a single radar controller or a two-person controller team, (c) work activity parameters obtained as frequencies of occurrence for tasks involving communications, computer interactions, flight strip activities and handoffs, and (d) controller performance outcomes based on observed performance pressures exhibited by the controller.

A hypothesized path (causal) model incorporating the above variables was constructed and tested for its explanatory value. Computations of direct effects within the model showed generally significant linkages between work activities and traffic volume, level of traffic complexity, and controller configuration (e.g. higher levels of traffic volume and complexity, and the presence of a controller team were associated with higher levels of task activity). Most consistently significant, however, in its causal linkages to work activity was air traffic complexity. This was the dominant predictor, by far, of rated controller performance pressure when all other variables - including traffic volume - were accounted for by the analysis method. The time of day and facility location variables were erratic in their effect and difficult to interpret.

On the basis of the study results, it was recommended that further research focus on development of the application of air traffic complexity as a measurement construct of potentially unique importance; one which seems to have been little understood and generally neglected in the research literature.
Topographic EEG Correlates of Good and Poor Performance in a Signal Recognition Task
Authors: Veigel B. , Sterman M.B.
Published: July 2017

Topographic EEG measures were compared in 12 adult male subjects during performance of a signal recognition task, presented at three difficulty levels. EEG data were recorded from 17 standard cortical sites, referenced to linked earlobes. Digitized mean spectral magnitude values were calculated for sequential 2 second epochs for each condition, log transformed and subjected to statistical analysis. A good and a poor performance group was established on the basis of scores registered at the highest difficulty level and confirmed statistically.

Within-group comparisons showed different EEG patterns for the two performance groups, both within and across difficulty level. The poor performance group showed a progressive pattern of disengagement (increase in 8-12 Hz activity) which diminished gradually as difficulty escalated and was replaced by a pattern of increasing engagement (decrease in 8-12 Hz activity). Good performers showed the same level of engagement independent of difficulty. Performance data alone failed to differentiate between groups under low and moderate task demands. Detailed evaluation of the underlying mechanisms revealed a tendency for all subjects to develop brief periods of disengagement after each stimulus presentation. This pattern became increasingly generalized in poor performers during the low gain task but was also present at the most difficult test level.

These findings provide some insight into the dynamics of Central Nervous Systems regulatory mechanisms which modulate sustained cognitive performance under varying demand conditions. They document a propensity for some individuals to become disengaged over time, thereby requiring greater cognitive resource mobilization as task demand increases. Assessment of this trait may be useful in the prediction of performance capability under high demand conditions.
Using a Group Editor with Alternative Communication Media in a Co-Authoring Environment
Authors: Green Charles A. , Williges Robert C.
Published: July 2017

The writing efficiency of a type of computer-based groupware called a group editor was evaluated in six environments by factorially combining three communication media (audio only, audio plus video, and face-to-face) each with and without the group editor. Twelve subjects familiar with journalistic writing were pretested and matched into dyads. Subjects were trained with the group editor and wrote news articles based on a standard set of questions about actors and objects shown in short video clips. The quality of the writing task products was consistently high and showed no differences among conditions. Results of a balanced, within-subject analysis of variance design indicated that face-to-face conditions took significantly less time to complete than the other two communication conditions. When the group editor was used, however, all communication media were equal in terms of efficiency to face-to-face communications. Significantly less variance occurred in the audio plus video condition with the group editor than in the audio or the audio plus video conditions which did not have the group editor. Users preferred co-authoring with the group editor and considered writing trials with the group editor to be more productive. The results were discussed in terms of the benefits of using the group editor to increase the overall communication structure, to reduce variability of writing time among dyads, and to increase efficiency when face-to-face communication is not practical. Methodological procedures for matching subjects, using within-subject designs, and structuring a writing task were discussed as means of reducing team variability in writing efficiency when investigating computer-supported, cooperative work configurations.
Structured Brainstorming: A Method for Collecting User Requirements
Authors: Byrne Jani G. , Barlow Todd
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the Structured Brainstorming process employed by IBM's Networking Systems Customer Requirements department for collecting, analyzing, and deploying product requirements. Structured Brainstorming relies on the user's job and product experience to generate ideas for product requirements. Structured Brainstorming elicits these requirements from the users through a series of group and individual activities. After identifying the core ideas, users assign them priorities and assign satisfaction scores for current products. This information may be used to build a House of Quality (HOQ) within Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to organize and translate user requirements into design specifications. The authors offer guidelines and suggestions based on their experience with the technique.
Promoting Recycling Behavior in Office Environments
Authors: Kalsher Michael J. , Rodocker Angela J. , Racicot Bernadette M. , Wogalter Michael S.
Published: July 2017

Rapid declines in available landfill space have sparked specific interest in recycling programs focused on increasing the quantity of materials recycled. This focus on quantity, rather than quality, has produced a glut of paper which currently comprises nearly 40% of all solid waste produced each year in the U.S. In recent years, recycling facilities have become increasingly selective with regard to the paper materials they accept because contaminants (e.g., food, gummy labels, carbon paper, staples, styrofoam products) reduce the recyclability of the collected material. In this study, a “low-tech” sort separation intervention was used to decrease the amount of contaminants in recyclable paper collected from four campus office buildings. A multiple baseline design across settings was used to evaluate the intervention, that consisted of an educational pamphlet, interactive group discussion, attention-getting posters, and environmental arrangement of color-coded paper collection bins to increase ease of use and convenience. Following the intervention, the percentage of correctly sorted paper increased from 25.5% during baseline to 83.5%. The results show that “low-tech” interventions can be used successfully to improve paper recycling practices in office settings. Implications of these results are discussed.
The Effects of Context on the Comprehension of Graphic Symbols
Authors: Vukelich Mark , Whitaker Leslie A.
Published: July 2017

When graphic symbols are used to convey warning information, these symbols must be evaluated for effectiveness prior to their use. In general, the ability of these symbols to convey their intended meaning has been determined in tests which provide no contextual information surrounding the symbols. In the present study, 75 university students were tested to determine their comprehension of twenty different symbols using various context conditions. Verbal context was provided in two forms: full context and partial context. Full context consisted of a two- sentence description of the setting in which the symbol would be presented. Partial context consisted of a more general, two-word description of the use context. The control condition presented the symbols without contextual information. Comprehension was higher when full context was provided with the symbols than when the symbols were presented in isolation. For some symbols, the full context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the partial context condition and the partial context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the no context condition. Comprehension accuracy was also affected by the subject's familiarity with the symbols. Comprehension was higher for symbols rated high in familiarity than for symbols rated lower in familiarity. On the basis of these findings, a recommendation was made that evaluations should provide some form of contextual information along with the symbols to allow a more realistic test of symbol comprehension.
The “Right Stuff”: Personality Tests and the Five-Factor Model in Landing Craft Air Cushion Crew Training
Authors: Street David R. , Helton Kathleen T.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of our investigation was to determine if personality testing and a five-factor model could improve the selection of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) vehicle operators. Vehicle operators for the LCAC are currently selected on the basis of their performance on a computer-based psychomotor selection system. The various psychomotor tests in the selection system have demonstrated predictive validity in LCAC crew training. Certain personality characteristics may also be involved in the LCAC vehicle operator training success. In fact, various researchers have found that personality testing may improve the selection of Navy/Marine Corps aviators. There is increasing evidence that a five-factor model may be useful in describing the personality characteristics involved in training success. We believe that a five-factor model may improve the selection system used for LCAC vehicle operators. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the underlying structure of the Adult Personality Inventory (API) with 168 LCAC crew candidates. The resulting factor scores were then entered into a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the relation of the personality factor scores and the performance-based test to an underway grade in training criterion. The results indicated that one personality factor, openness, significantly improved predictions of the criterion ( p < 0.05). Based on these results, we believe that personality testing may improve the selection of LCAC vehicle operators.
The Impact of Color on Warnings Research
Authors: Kline Paul B. , Braun Curt C. , Peterson Nancy , Silver N. Clayton
Published: July 2017

Researchers have examined a variety of attributes that influence a warning's ability to communicate important product hazards. These attributes include font type, signal words, and the use of icons. One attribute that has been noticeably absent from the warnings literature is color. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriateness of achromatic stimuli in product warning research. Thirty-three undergraduate students rated color and achromatic versions of twelve labels. These labels varied across four levels of product class and three levels of signal word. All labels were evaluated on six attributes: salience, readability, hazardousness, likelihood of injury, carefulness, and familiarity. A composite variable called “perceived hazard” was formed from the averaged ratings of hazardousness, carefulness, and likelihood of injury. Moreover, an additional variable “perceived readability” was composed of the mean ratings of readability and saliency. Results showed that color labels were perceived as more readable and hazardous than achromatic labels. Implications for warning research are discussed.
Age Differences in the Useful Field of View in a Part-Task Driving Simulator
Authors: Walker Jonathan , Sedney Catherine , Wochinger Kathryn , Boehm-Davis Deborah A. , Perez William A.
Published: July 2017

This study investigated age-related differences in the useful field of view (UFOV) using a part-task driving simulator. Thirty-six licensed drivers, aged 20-25, 40-45, and 65-70, participated. Dynamic roadway images were projected on screens to the front and sides of the driver. Target stimuli consisted of full-size simplified images of a van moving forward on the side screens at a speed below the motion threshold. Subjects performed forward view tracking and cognitive tasks while responding to the van stimuli on the side screens. Increased levels of the forward view task load adversely affected response times to the vans for the older group only, but performance of the tracking task declined for all age groups with increased load.
The Ability of two lay groups to Judge Product Warning Effectiveness
Authors: Miller James M. , Frantz J. Paul , Main Bruce W.
Published: July 2017

How well can lay people assess the effectiveness or “adequacy” of product warnings without assistance from expert testimony? To begin to answer this question, two studies were conducted to determine the extent to which law students and engineering students could assess the relative effectiveness of two drain opener warning label designs. In the first experiment, only 18 of the 38 engineering students (47%) correctly identified the warning label design that had, in a previous study, been shown to be significantly more effective with similar subjects who actually used the product. In addition, these subjects did not accurately predict the likelihood that their peers would read and comply with the precautions. In the second experiment, only 14 of the 42 law students (33%) correctly identified the more effective of two label designs. This research contradicts several legal authors who postulate that juries are capable of determining the effectiveness of a warning unaided by well-founded expert testimony. More specifically, these studies do not support the assertion that the “knowledge of ordinary people” is sufficient to 1) distinguish between warnings that differ in their behavioral effectiveness and 2) accurately predict the likelihood that people such as themselves will read and heed safety instructions when using a product.
Environmental Constraint of Human Movement: A New Computer-Aided Approach
Authors: Lantrip David B.
Published: July 2017

This session demonstrates a computer program, called MacISOKIN, that reveals where and how the physical environment constrains the movements of inhabitants. An associated research paper explains how ISOKIN measures of environmental constraint are related to the environmental satisfaction of office workers. MacISOKIN was recently developed to facilitate a research project sponsored by Steelcase, Inc. at the University of Michigan.

The demonstration emphasizes how this computer-aided approach can assist designers and planners with the critical design tradeoffs inherent in limited space scenarios. MacISOKIN provides color graphics and numerical reports to identify areas in a floorplan where furnishings or the activities of other inhabitants are a likely source of interference. The “object-oriented” user interface allows the user to quickly change numerous analysis variables. For example, the impact of alternative layouts may be tested by adding, deleting or moving a wall or furnishing. Alternative activity scenarios may be explored by cutting and pasting “body-motion envelopes” from a library of pre-analyzed activities.
Einstellung: Knowledge of the Phenomenon Facilitates Problem Solving
Authors: Lane David M. , Jensen Dean G.
Published: July 2017

If subjects are given a series of problems that all have the same type of solution, they often have great difficulty with a subsequent problem that would ordinarily be solved very easily. This phenomenon is referred to as psychic blindness or Einstellung. This study explored whether knowledge of the Einstellung phenomenon facilitates problem solving. Eight subjects in each of three experimental conditions were given set-inducing problems followed by an otherwise easy “critical” problem that could not be solved by the strategy used on the set-inducing problems. Subjects in one condition worked on the easy problem without interruption. Subjects in a second condition were interrupted by an unexpected event. Subjects in a third condition were interrupted by a message explaining how the ability to solve an otherwise easy problem could be inhibited after solving a series of problems with more difficult solutions. Subjects given this hint were three times more likely to solve the easy problem than were subjects in the other experimental conditions. Four subjects in the No-Set Control condition all solved the easy problem by the third trial. The implications for training electronics technicians, computer programmers and other problem solvers are discussed.
The use of multiple methods in the Joint Irregular Warfare Analytic Baseline (JIWAB) study
Authors: Wong Yuna Huh , Bailey Michael , Grattan Karen , Stephens C Steve , Sheldon Robert , Inserra William
Published: July 2017

The Joint Irregular Warfare Analytic Baseline (JIWAB) study was a multi-year effort by the U.S. Marine Corps to demonstrate analytic methods better suited to irregular warfare than quantitative computer models and simulations. Multiple methods were used in combination to create and develop scenarios, understand conflict drivers and mitigators, and create potential U.S. responses. This article discusses the use of these methods, which included approaches such as general morphological analysis, wargaming, adaptations of conflict assessment frameworks, and others. This article also describes the larger context for the study within the wider defense analytic community.
Angiotensin receptors in Dupuytren's tissue: Implications for the pharnnacological treatment of Dupuytren's disease
Authors: Mckirdy Stuart W , Chew B.K. , Tzaffetta Kailliroi , Naylor Ian L. , Sharpe David T.
Published: July 2017

The role of Angiotensin II as a pro-fibrotic mediator has been established in models of cardiac, hepatic and renal fibrosis. The administration of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) – inhibitors to these models results in a reduction in the myofibroblast population and collagen synthesis. In rodent excisionat wound-healing experiments, an ACE inhibitor reduced the rate of wound contraction, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of Angiotensin I receptors was identified within tissue samples from patients with Dupuytren's disease. These were found to be co-localised with areas of myofibrobtast expression. This co-localisation has implications for the potential of pharmacological regulation of Dupuytren's disease. Further research is necessary to confirm whether the use of ACE-inhibitors can modulate this disease process, which until now has not been responsive to safe, effective pharmacological treatment.
Vacuum-assisted closure of a hand wound: A case report
Authors: Glassey Nicole
Published: July 2017

The method of vacuum-assisted closure of wounds is presented with evidence for its clinical effectiveness. This is followed by a case report describing the use of this technique for an infected hand wound.
Activity, Use of Technical Devices and Prostheses among Persons Lacking One Hand
Authors: Hammelin Ohlsson Maria , Iwarsson Susanne
Published: July 2017

The study purpose was to investigate how persons lacking one hand managed everyday activities, focusing on their use of technical devices and prostheses. A postal questionnaire was answered by 28 persons lacking one hand, reporting high independence. The most dependence and perceived difficulties occurred in eating and drinking, grooming, shopping, and washing. Only a few technical devices were in use, but those were highly appreciated. Since client-based knowledge of activity and use of technical devices for persons lacking one hand is scarce, the results are important for hand therapy. Result dissemination to clients and rehabilitation staff is crucial, in order to promote clients’ independence and mastery in everyday life.
The Use of Splinting as a Non-Surgical Treatment for Dupuytren's Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ball Cathy , Nanchahal Jagdeep
Published: July 2017

A preliminary study of six patients with Dupuytren's disease treated with external night splintage has demonstrated a reduction in digital contractures without loss of composite flexion. The greatest benefit was noted in patients with early, proliferative disease and was dependent on compliance with the splintage.
The BAHT 2004 R&D Prioritisation Exercise: Results of a Study using a Nominal Group Technique to Identify Priority Research Topics and Research Training Needs for Hand Therapists
Authors: Steward Barbara
Published: July 2017

This paper reports the findings of a triennial investigation of the research and development priorities for members of the British Association of Hand Therapists. Employing a nominal group technique, over 59 members drawn from five regional groups identified research topics and research needs to inform the association's R&D strategic plans. Three key research topics were identified: outcome measures, chronic regional pain syndrome and patient adherence. These further subsidiary themes will be specified as required foci for a new BAHT Priority Research Bursary. R&D needs for courses on presentation and publication and critical appraisal skills, provided at a regional level, will be used to shape training programmes for the next three years. Comparisons with other prioritisation exercises in hand therapy suggest a shift in focus to more client-centred rather than diagnostic approaches for evidence-based practice.
What can Handgrip Strength tell the Therapist about Hand Function?
Authors: Tyler Helen , Adams Jo , Ellis Bridget
Published: July 2017

Power handgrip strength is recorded by clinicians as a quick and viable measure of hand impairment and function that can serve as a useful evaluation of hand status and treatment progress. This paper explores the procedure and reliability of measuring handgrip using different equipment. The extent of usefulness of grip strength as an indicator of structural impairment and ability measures in patient populations is questioned and the relevance of recording grip strength as part of a clinical assessment is summarised.
Focal Hand Dystonia Affecting Musicians. Part I: An Overview Of Epidemiology, PathoPhysiology And Medical Treatments
Authors: Butler Katherine , Rosenkranz Karin
Published: July 2017

In 1911, Oppenheim coined the term ‘dystonia’ to describe disordered motor control, characterised by an association of hypotonia and tonic muscle spasm. Focal hand dystonia is one form of this disorder, in which symptoms are often task-specific and occur during skilled movements such as writing (writer's cramp) or playing a musical instrument (musician's cramp). Much research has been conducted on the pathophysiology of dystonia, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Hypotheseses about functional central nervous system alterations continue to gain more support. Scientific treatment-based publications on focal dystonia are sparse, and progress in evidence-based treatment options are necessary in order to assist this patient group. This paper will review the literature, documenting dystonia classification criteria, manifestations, pathophysiology and medical treatment techniques for musicians affected by focal hand dystonia.
Focal Hand Dystonia Affecting Musicians. Part II: An Overview Of Current Rehabilitative Treatment Techniques
Authors: Butler Katherine , Rosenkranz Karin
Published: July 2017

Focal Hand Dystonia is a complex and difficult condition to treat. Many treatment techniques have been trialled with musicians who suffer from this condition. Current treatments include: oral medications, Botulinum toxin (BTX) injections, surgery and rehabilitative therapies. The medical-based treatments have been discussed in a prior paper, and thus rehabilitative therapy treatment options and the related clinical implications are the focus of this paper. These include: sensory re-education, sensory motor retuning, rest, splintage and limb immobilisation. Future research areas relating to focal hand dystonia and the musician are highlighted.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Functional Assessment After Treatment of Open Fingertip Injuries
Authors: Durani Piyush , Winton Anoushka , Glassey Nicole , Mckirdy Stuart
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the subjective morbidity caused by open fingertip injury. We conducted a retrospective case review of patients treated for open finger-tip injuries between May 2003 and August 2004. Patients completed a DASH questionnaire and a pro-forma was used to assess their symptoms related to cold exposure, functional deficits and impact on activities of daily living. Various objective measures of function and sensory function were also undertaken. Out of 31 patients, 14 responded. Average follow-up time post-injury was 20 months. Injuries were classified as ‘crush’ (79%) or ‘incisional’ (21%). Numbness and tingling was the most frequently experienced symptom (11/14, 79%) and 50% experienced pain and discomfort on a regular basis. ‘Cold-intolerance’ was reported by 12/14 patients (86%) and most found this troublesome, with a mean severity score of 6.8 (out of 10). Some individuals had specific problems with activities of daily living; however mean DASH score was only 6.5%. In this small sample, patients continued to experience symptoms long-term after treatment of open fingertip injury, particularly ‘cold intolerance’ or ‘Trauma-Induced Cold Associated Symptoms’ (TICAS).
The Use Of Corticosteroid Injections In The Treatment Of Stenosing Tendovaginits (Trigger Finger): Three Comparative Case Studies
Authors: Ellis Bridget
Published: July 2017

Stenosing tendinopathy in the hand commonly occurs at the A1 pulley at the metacarpophalangeal joint. It commences with palmar discomfort during movement, progresses to a painful ‘triggering’ as the patient flexes and extends the digit and ultimately may lead to locking of the digit. A number of treatment options are available – splints, corticosteroid injections and surgery being the most commonly offered. This paper reviews the outcome of three patients presenting with this condition and treated with corticosteroid injections, in the extended scope practice clinic run by a hand therapist. Whilst all patients gained some short-term benefit, two required further injections and one was finally referred for a surgical release. Further analysis of these outcomes highlights the implications of presenting signs and the differences in patient requirements.
Differences In Dominant And Non-Dominant Handgrip Strength Of Male Golf Professionals Measured Using The Jamar Dynamometer
Authors: Barnes Julie , Adams Jo
Published: July 2017

Grip strength is often used clinically as an indicator of hand function and as a quick and effective outcome measure for rehabilitation. There is little published data for normative handgrip strength for specific populations. Published bilateral grip strength values provide no insight into expected ranges or relationships for professional sportsmen and women. This study explored the range and relationship of dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength in professional golfers.

A small, cross sectional study recruiting 36 professional golfers was carried out. Bilateral grip strength was measured using a JAMAR ® dynamometer and standardised measurement protocols. Results indicated that in professional golfers, non-dominant hands were significantly stronger (p=0.009, 95%CI 3.95 to 0.61) than the dominant hand by a mean of 2.28kg.

Clinicians need to consider that, for this potential patient group, optimum hand rehabilitation may need to aim for the non-dominant hand to regain a stronger grip force than the dominant hand.
A Day on the Hill
Authors: Mattey Beth
Published: July 2017

This article describes the author’s advocacy experience at a press briefing on Capitol Hill. At stake is the continuation of Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program-funded health insurance to our most vulnerable children—those living in poverty and those with chronic health conditions. Current legislation proposes to impose block grants or per capita caps on federal funding for Medicaid and will put the reauthorization of the Children’s Health Insurance Program at risk. Schools stand to lose over 4 billion dollars in reimbursement for services that students need to succeed in school.
Preparing Leaders for Social Justice: Lessons from an Exemplary Counseling Psychology Department
Authors: McKinney Sarah A. , Capper Colleen A.
Published: July 2017

The literature on preparing educational leaders does not take into account what we can learn from other disciplines that have been successful in preparing professionals for social justice over a long period of time. To address this gap in the literature, this case study examined the policies and practices of an exemplary Department of Counseling Psychology oriented toward social justice. In so doing, we addressed these research questions: (a) What are the critical elements of this successful program? (b) What types of resistance did the program face? And, (c) how can these critical elements and resistance inform educational leadership programs? Drawing on a framework for preparing leaders for social justice, we addressed the research questions by interviewing key faculty and students in the program and extensively analyzing documents and archival date. During the change process, we found that (a) evolving meanings of diversity, multiculturalism, and social justice emerged; (b) the need to manage tensions was key, and (c) leveraging funding was critical. Their key policies and practices included (a) recruiting and hiring diverse faculty; (b) recruiting and selecting diverse students; (c) depicting the public “face” of the department and (d) implementing culturally responsive knowledge, skills, and pedagogy. We identify six lessons for educational leadership programs for social justice include (a) focusing on the world in which we are preparing leaders to lead; (b) hiring faculty of color and recruit students of color; (c) exploring the meaning of equity/social justice and how it should inform department policies and that practices should be an on-going conversation; expecting and valuing conflict in the process; (d) aligning all department decisions with the department equity mission; (e) leveraging university resources, and (f) developing courses, curriculum, and pedagogy that prepare leaders for diverse contexts. The paper concludes with limitations of and suggestions for the framework.
Hidden Expert Knowledge: The Knowledge That Counts for the Small School-District Superintendent
Authors: Hyle Adrienne E. , Ivory Gary , McClellan Rhonda L.
Published: July 2017

Using Bereiter and Scardamalia's (1993) hidden expert knowledge, we explored what knowledge counts from the perspectives of working small school-district superintendents and the ways in which they gain that knowledge. This qualitative study used focus groups as its primary data collection method. Participants were 37 superintendents of districts with fewer than 1,000 students representing the Midwest, southwest and west, and southeast. We learned that what counts for our superintendents appears to be in constant and fluid negotiation because of the small-district context supporting themes of competing visions, you are the center of the wheel and balancing/negotiating/weighing decisions. We also learned that preparation programs may not help in all the ways necessary to prepare these superintendents for their jobs.
Are women prepared to be school superintendents? An Essay on the Myths and Misunderstandings
Authors: Brunner C. Cryss , Kim Yong-Lyun
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this essay is to examine and respond to Tom Glass's (2000) assertions about the dearth of women in the superintendency using the lenses of new data (from two large national studies) and analysis — an analysis that primarily focuses on women superintendents’ and central office administrators’ formal, experiential, and personal preparedness. The essay concludes that women who aspire to and who are seated in the superintendency meet and even exceed preparation requirements and expectations. Further, while experiential preparedness for women may look different from that gained by men, the variation and concentration on curriculum and instruction during career path development may render women better prepared than men.
Experimental Database of Cyclic Simple Shear Tests under Transient Loadings
Authors: Kwan Wing Shun , Sideras Sam S. , Kramer Steven L. , El Mohtar Chadi
Published: July 2017

This paper describes four data sets of cyclic simple shear (CSS) tests under modulated harmonic and transient loadings. The CSS tests were performed on reconstituted Nevada Sand specimens prepared by the wet sedimentation method at target relative densities of 40% and 70%. The data sets are freely available through the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation data repository ( NEEShub.org ; database DOIs: 10.4231/D3W66991S, 10.4231/D30Z70X6F, 10.4231/D34Q7QR0T, 10.4231/D3RJ48W0Z). This paper describes the experimental apparatus, documentation of the specimen preparation procedures, loading histories, and summarizes the available CSS test data. The database includes 106 CSS tests and provides valuable information that can systematically illustrate the response of sand subjected to transient loadings before and after initiation of liquefaction; such a public database had been virtually non-existent until now.
Cost of Providing Quality Cancer Care at the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in Rwanda
Authors: Neal Claire , Rusangwa Christian , Borg Ryan , Tapela Neo , Mugunga Jean Claude , Pritchett Natalie , Shyirambere Cyprien , Ntakirutimana Elisephan , Park Paul H. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Mpunga Tharcisse
Published: July 2017

Purpose

The cost of providing cancer care in low-income countries remains largely unknown, which creates a significant barrier to effective planning and resource allocation. This study examines the cost of providing comprehensive cancer care at the Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) in Rwanda.

Methods

A retrospective costing analysis was conducted from the provider perspective by using secondary data from the administrative systems of the BCCOE. We identified the start-up funds necessary to begin initial implementation and determined the fiscal year 2013-2014 operating cost of the cancer program, including capital expenditures and fixed and variable costs.

Results

A total of $556,105 US dollars was assessed as necessary start-up funding to implement the program. The annual operating cost of the cancer program was found to be $957,203 US dollars. Radiotherapy, labor, and chemotherapy were the most significant cost drivers. Radiotherapy services, which require sending patients out of country because there are no radiation units in Rwanda, comprised 25% of program costs, labor accounted for 21%, and chemotherapy, supportive medications, and consumables accounted for 15%. Overhead, training, computed tomography scans, surgeries, blood products, pathology, and social services accounted for less than 10% of the total.

Conclusion

This study is one of the first to examine operating costs for implementing a cancer center in a low-income country. Having a strong commitment to cancer care, adapting clinical protocols to the local setting, shifting tasks, and creating collaborative partnerships make it possible for BCCOE to provide quality cancer care at a fraction of the cost seen in middle- and high-income countries, which has saved many lives and improved survival. Not all therapies, though, were available because of limited financial resources.
Regulation of Accounting in the Framework of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Гордова  , Gordova M.
Published: July 2017

Th e article analyzes the integration cooperation of the Eurasian Economic Union member states in the fi eld of audit, reporting and accounting, and proposes measures that will ensure the functioning of a single accounting space, ensuring the strengthening of the triad interconnection «accounting-analysis-audit».
Some Questions of the Estimation in Accounting and Reporting
Authors: Поленова  , Polenova S.
Published: July 2017

Th e article attempts to determinate the place of the estimation in accounting and reporting, justify motivations of the separate premises of the using methods of the estimation when forming accounting and reporting data, divide concepts «accounting», «accounting reporting» and «fi nancial reporting» in normative legal document and practical work.
The dos and don'ts of advertising for care homes
Authors: Bernstein Adam
Published: July 2017

UK advertising law affords consumers protection from a range of unfair advertising practices. In this article, Adam Bernstein explains what homes should be wary of, both in terms of ads from suppliers and the home's own ads to potential residents
Fire safety in care homes: a big problem under harsh scrutiny
Authors: Guntrip Laura
Published: July 2017

With several high-profile fires being reported in care homes over the course of 2016, the Care Quality Commission is paying close attention to fire safety. In this article, Laura Guntrip explains what homes must do to ensure that everyone is safe in the event of a fire