bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF PROPOLIS FLUORIDE AND NANO SILVER FLUORIDE FOR INHIBITION OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS BIOFILM FORMATION
Authors: Soekanto Sri Angky , Marpaung Levy Jeremy , Ushohwah Himmat , Djais Ariadna , Darwita Risqa Rina
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the potency of propolis fluoride (PPF) and nano silver fluoride (NSF) as fluoride-based varnishes for inhibiting Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. In this study, both varnishes were compared to silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnish, the gold standard for anticariogenic agents.Methods: The suspensions of S. mutans and E. faecalis were cultured and then plated into 96 - well plates and combined with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16, 3.66, and 4.16%), or PPF (3, 6, and 10%). E. faecalis was incubated in an anaerobic environment for 24 h, and the same protocol was used for S. mutans. The amount of biofilm inhibition was evaluated by optical density measurements at 570 nm using a microplate reader. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PPF for S. mutans was 3%, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 10%. The MIC of PPF for E. faecalis was at 6%, but no MBC was established. The MIC of NSF for S. mutans was 3.16%, and the MBC was 4.16%. The MIC of NSF for E. faecalis was 3.16%, while the MBC was 4.16%. Biofilm formation was inhibited dose-dependently by both NSF and PPF.Conclusion: NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes show clear antibacterial effects that are comparable to those obtained with SDF fluoride-based varnish.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON THE VIABILITY OF CHROMOGENIC BACTERIA THAT CAUSES DENTAL BLACK STAIN IN CHILDREN
Authors: Gayatri Adita , Fauziah Eva , Suharsini Margaretha
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a natural antibacterial agent with the ability to kill microorganisms whose cell membranes contain lipids, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as Actinomyces sp. and Prevotella spp. No study on the antibacterial effects of VCO on the chromogenic bacteria that causes dental black stains.Objective: To analyze the effects of VCO, which administered in various concentrations to Actinomyces sp. and Prevotella sp.Methods: Actinomyces sp. and Prevotella sp. were isolated from the dental plaque of a child diagnosed with black stain. Each streak of bacteria was cultured on a selective medium and confirmed visually and through Gram staining. Each bacterial culture was exposed to VCO in concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Afterward, viability testing with a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay was conducted, and the results were read using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader.Results: The administration of 12.5% VCO reduced bacterial viability; however, 25% VCO significantly reduced the viability of Actinomyces sp. and 100% VCO significantly reduced the viability of Prevotella sp.Conclusion: Actinomyces sp. is more sensitive to VCO than Prevotella sp.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS HYDROXYAPATITE AND ALGINATE COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING
Authors: Indrani Decky J , Budiyanto Emil , Hayun Hayun
Published: January 2018

Objective: To prepare and characterize composite scaffolds of a hydroxyapatite (HA) and an alginate having high viscosity.Materials and Methods: HA powder was synthesized using wet chemical precipitation, the alginate powder was extracted from the Sargassum duplicatum seaweed, and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques were utilized to characterize the HA and alginate, and electron microscopy was used to evaluate the HA and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds. The HA/alginate composite scaffold obtained from the commercially available HA and alginate powders were employed as a comparison.Results: Synthesized HAs were identified as the HA phase, which contained absorbed water, phosphate, and carbonate groups. The extracted alginate contained the carboxyl, cyclic ether and hydroxyl groups. The scaffolds prepared from the HA and alginate mixture were three-dimensional and containing interconnected pores with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm and pore walls of a composite construction.Conclusion: A three-dimensional scaffold was produced using a freeze-drying method from a composite of HA and the high viscosity alginate solution. The scaffold was highly porous and showed interconnected pores, with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SALIVARY CORTISOL LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH CARIES
Authors: Khairani Annisa , Fauziah Eva , Budiardjo Sarworini B.
Published: January 2018

Objective: Dental caries can cause pain and discomfort, especially in children. If they remain untreated, they can impact a child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and trigger the release of salivary cortisol. Many research studies have been conducted to determine the influence of dental caries on the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol levels, but none has described the correlation between them. This research examined the correlation between the OHRQoL and the salivary cortisol levels in children with caries.Methods: This experiment was observational and analytical with a cross-sectional design. The experimental data were statistically analyzed using the Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rank correlations to compare the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol levels.Results: The results of this study showed that there was a small correlation (r=0.3) between the OHRQoL and salivary cortisol level with a negative trend. This suggests that if the cortisol level slow, the child’s OHRQoL is high. The chronic inflammation caused by dental caries can influence the OHRQoL and trigger the release of cortisol in the saliva.Conclusion: Children with good OHRQoLs have low salivary cortisol levels, suggesting an unstressed condition. Practical implications: Untreated caries may cause pulpitis (represent in decayed, missing, and filled teeth in this study) in children aged 8–10 years old has an impact in their OHRQoL. Meanwhile, salivary cortisol levels as biomarker of inflammation may influence in many factors.
THE RELATION OF MOTHERS’ NUTRITIONAL STATUS TO PRIMARY TEETH DENTAL CARIES
Authors: Badruddin Iwany Amalliah , Khansa Muthia , Darwita Risqa R , Rahardjo Anton
Published: January 2018

Objective: According to the National Health Survey in 2013, nutritional problems in Indonesia are still a concern, and caries is the most prevalent dental disease. Primary dentition is developed during a mother’s pregnancy period. Thus, mothers’ nutritional status during pregnancy could determine the health of their children’s primary dentition. This study objective was to analyze the relationship between mothers’ nutritional status and dental caries in their children’s primary teeth.Methods: In total, 281 children under 5-year-old were selected from a health screening in Depok Sub-District, West Java. Information about maternal nutritional status was collected through the mother and child’s health book. Information about dental caries was collected through clinical examinations using the dmft index.Result: The prevalence of mothers with poor nutritional status was 22.8%, and 55.2% of their children had caries. The occurrence of dental caries in primary dentition between children of mothers with poor and good nutritional status was significantly different (p<0.001). The likelihood of getting caries was 1.85 times higher (95% confidence interval: 1.5–2.2) among children of mothers with poor nutritional status than among children of mothers with a good nutritional status.Conclusion: Children of mothers with a poor nutritional status would likely present with dental caries and had a higher risk of dental caries compared to children of mothers with a good nutritional status.
UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LORNOXICAM IN MICROSPONGES
Authors: Prasad Ayya Rajendra , Thireesha Bannaravuri
Published: January 2018

Objective: To develop and validate a novel, specific, precise and simple UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of lornoxicam present in microsponges.Methods: UV-spectrophotometric determination was performed with Thermo Scientific Evolution 201 UV-Vis spectrophotometer using methanol as a medium. The spectrum of the standard solution was run from 200-400 nm range for the determination of absorption maximum (λ max). λ max of lornoxicam was found at 353 nm. The absorbance of standard solutions of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, µg/ml of drug solution was measured at an absorption maximum at 353 nm against the blank. Then a graph was plotted by taking concentration on X-axis and absorbance on Y-axis which gave a straight line. Validation parameters such as linearity and range, selectivity and specificity, LOD and LOQ, accuracy, precision and robustness were evaluated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Linearity for the UV-spectrophotometric method was noted over a concentration range of 3.0-15.0 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for lornoxicam was found at 1.26 μg/ml and 3.82 μg/ml respectively. Accuracy was in between 99.21 and 99.60%. % RSD for repeatability, intraday precision and interday precision were found to be 0.473, in between 0.478 and 0.619 and in between 0.855 and 1.818 respectively. The proposed UV method is found to be robust.Conclusion: The proposed UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and results and statistical parameters demonstrated that the developed method is sensitive, precise, reliable and simple for the estimation of lornoxicam present in microsponges.
A NOVEL OF BEZAFIBRATE ANALYSIS METHODS IN URINE (IN VITRO) USING SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION– HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-UV DETECTOR
Authors: Sopyan Iyan , Irawati Widiastuty , Indriyati Wiwiek
Published: January 2018

Objective: Bezafibrate is the second generation of fibrate groups used as the drug of choice in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study is to obtained a validated method for analyzing bezafibrate in urine using solid phase extraction (SPE)-High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridge was performed for bezafibrate extraction from urine, afterward, a validation of analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-(UV) detection was conducted to parameters, including: selectivity (Rs), linearity (r), accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: Recovery extraction using SPE resulted %recovery 85-110%. The analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography using reversed phase, C18 octadecylsilane (ODS) columns 250 x 26 mm, particle size 10 μl, with the composition of 0.01 M acetate buffer with pH 3.55: with percent composition (45:55) and 0.8 ml/minute on 230 nm UV detection. Validation includes selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision LOD, and LOQ have fulfilled requirement value. Conclusion: The result of recovery extraction using SPE and validation of method exhibited the values that fulfilled the requirements and can be used for analysis bezafibrate in the urine.
EFFECT OF HYDROTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ON SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYAPATITE FROM LIMESTONE VIA HYDROTHERMAL METHOD
Authors: Jamarun Novesar , Asril Asregi , Zilfa Zulhadjri , Septiani Upita
Published: January 2018

Objective: In this study, the effect of hydrothermal temperature on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from limestone was investigated.Methods: Precursors of limestone (CaCO3) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) with Ca/P ratio of 1.67 was mixed at pH 10 in order to synthesize hydroxyapatite by hydrothermal method. The solution was hydrothermally treated in an autoclave at various temperatures of 120, 160 and 200 °C for 24 h. Nano powder formed was then characterized.Results: The hydroxyapatite obtained by hydrothermal method at various temperatures was characterized. The analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) revealed that HAp had phosphate (PO43-) and hydroxyl (O-H) groups although carbonate (CO32-) group remained. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed that the size of nanosize crystals was formed and then provided a large surface area. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that HAp had a spherical shape. There was more agglomeration at 200 °C than at 160 °C. The ratio of the results of Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in 160 °C was 1.95 and at 200 °C was 1.71Conclusion: The hydroxyapatite prepared at a temperature of 200 °C had smaller crystal size than the hydroxyapatite prepared at the temperatures of 120 and 160 °C. SEM pictures showed that the nanoparticle hydroxyapatite had a spherical shape.
Diosgenin: Therapeutic Action, Pharmacology and Applications
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, India, Sanjeev Sanasam , Devi Maibam Sunita , Maurya Khushboo , Roy Vikas Kumar , Gurusubramanian Guruswami ,   Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, India
Published: January 2018

Diosgenin [25R-spriost-5-en-3þ-ol], is an important steroidal metabolite found in various plant species. The discovery of diosgenin has made it one of the most researched and studied herbal product. Moreover, there is excellent opportunity to address whether diosgenin plays a role in chemoprevention versus therapy, or both. However, rigorous experimental based evidence in support of ethnomedicine-derived notions would lead to the development of products relevant to drug development. The health beneficial effects of diosgenin are further extended to its potential role to treat other ailments such as HIV and hepatitis-C infections as well as liver diseases. There is little information regarding the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diosgenin in relation to its health beneficial effects. It has been reported to have wide spectrum of biological properties that contributes to several diseases in its role as a health beneficial phytochemical by citing new studies.
Implications of Use of Tobacco Smoke Infused Water
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, India, Devi Maibam Sunita , Sanjeev Sanasam , Maurya Khushboo , Roy Vikas Kumar , Gurusubramanian Guruswami
Published: January 2018

Smokeless Tobacco Products have been collectivelydesignated as Group 1 carcinogens i.e. carcinogenicto humans.It is estimated that the use of tobacco kills about three million people globally every year. A number of smoking and smokeless tobacco products are in use all over the world. Unlike other smokeless tobacco products, a unique water (liquid preparation) containing the extracts of tobacco smoke is used in Mizoram and is locally known as tuibur (tobacco smoke infused water).This product is made locally by passing smoke, generated by burning tobacco, through water till the preparation turns cognac in colour and has a pungent smell.
In Vitro Production of Growth Regulator (IAA) and Phosphatase by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
Authors:   Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Tanhril–796004, India, Khiangte Lalmuankimi , Lalfakzuala R.
Published: January 2018

The phosphate solubilizing bacteria (phosphobacteria) secrete organic acids and phosphatase enzymes which act on insoluble phosphates and convert the same into soluble forms thus providing available phosphorus to the plants. They are also known to produce amino acids, vitamins and growth promoting substance like indole acetic acid (IAA), which helps in better growth of plants. The present studyaimed to isolate and screen out phosphate solubilizing bacteria from soil rhizosphere using serial dilution technique on pikovskaya agar plate. An effort was also made to obtain bacterial isolates for producing phosphatase enzyme and to study the production of IAA in NBRIP media containing tryptophan as a substrate.A total of 17 strains were isolated from soil rhizosphere and all the strains were able to produce IAA and phosphatase enzyme in vitro condition.
Effects of Different Post-harvest Treatments on Physico-Chemical Attributes and Shelf Life of Tomato Fruits
Authors:   Department of Horticulture Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram Universiy, Aizawl, Mizoram, India, Jamir Akangtula , Khawlhring Chhungpuii
Published: January 2018

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different local treatments with and without CaCl2 on the quality and shelf life of tomato fruits. Mature green tomato fruits were evaluated, and data were taken on weight loss, shelf life, titratable acidity, TSS, reducing sugars, total sugars and vitamin C contents during storage at ambient temperature (20±5°C). The fruits were then evaluated for changes in quality parameters within the different stages of ripening. Results showed that dipping tomato fruits in 8% CaCl2 for ten minutes does not have beneficial effects on shelf life and quality retention of tomato fruits. Wrapping tomato fruits with polythene resulted in least weight loss, maximum contents of TSS, titratable acidity, total and reducing sugars as well as ascorbic acid and also maximum shelf life of tomato fruits among all other treatments, and thus can be used effectively for storing green mature tomato fruits for upto 25 days in ambient temperature.
Review: Bioremediasi Pencemaran Minyak Bumi
Authors: Nuryana Dwi
Published: January 2018

Pemanfaatan minyak bumi yang tidak memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan akan merugikan manusia dan mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan, sehingga perlu dilakukan penanggulangan melalui pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan limbah dengan cara bioremediasi. Bioremediasi merupakan suatu proses pemulihan lahan yang tercemar dengan mengeksploitasi kemampuan mikroorganisme untuk mendegradasi senyawa-senyawa organik. Pemilihan mikroorganisme bioremediasi sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses degradasi minyak bumi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan setiap spesies mikroorganisme membutuhkan substrat yang spesifik untuk mendegradasi keseluruhan komponen penyusun minyak bumi. Perlu pendekatan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode bioremediasi dan mikroorganisme yang digunakan baik mikroorganisme yang diperoleh dari luar (nonindigenous) atau mikroorganisme lokal (indigenous) yang digunakan para peneliti dalam mendegradasi minyak bumi. Namun, tidak semua rangkuman jurnal yang ada menunjukkan informasi yang detail mengenai metode dan efektifitas mikroorganisme dalam bioremediasi. Dalam paper ini, akan dikaji beberapa metode dan mikroorganisme yang digunakan dalam bioremediasi, diantaranya biopile, bulking agent,ex-situ, konsorsium bakteri dan teknik land treatment sehingga dapat disimpulkan metode paling efektif dalam bioremediasi minyak bumi.
On the date of and reasons for the writing of Theodosius’s life of St Sava
Authors: Todic Branislav
Published: January 2018

The Old Serbian writer Theodosius wrote his Life of St Sava according to the
older hagiography composed by Domentianus in 1253/4. Both authors were
Hilandar monks and wrote the hagiographies of the first Serbian archbishop on
Mount Athos. Unlike Domentianus?s work, Theodosius?s Life has not been dated
with precision. Helpful in establishing the date of his Life of St Sava are
its manuscript copying tradition and reception in Serbian literature and the
analysis of its content. This paper shows that from 1317 the Serbian writers
Nicodemus and Daniel II drew on Theodosius?s hagiography, which pushes its
date further back into the past. On the other hand, the content of the Life
suggests that it was written between 1284 and 1292 because it refers to the
river Sava as Serbia?s border with Hungary (which it became in 1284), and
describes the monastery of Zica as it was before the destruction it sustained
in 1292. Both pieces of information have long been noticed and properly
explained. Helpful in establishing the date of writing with more precision
may also be an examination of the reasons which led to the writing of a new
hagiography of St Sava only thirty years after the one written by
Domentianus. Among several possible explanations proposed so far, the one
discussed in detail here is the different attitude of the two hagiographers
towards Rome and the Roman Catholic Church. In Theodosius?s case, it is
markedly disapproving. Therefore, the assumption that the union of Lyon
(1274-1282) and the developments on Mount Athos linked with it were the
reason for writing a new hagiography is accepted and strengthened with
further arguments. The new Life gave a much more idealized hagiographic
portrayal of St Sava and enriched his image with a new perception of
Orthodoxy which made sense only at the time of the triumphant mood inspired
by the failure of the union. The proposed conclusion is that Theodosius did
not begin writing his Life of St Sava until after 1285, when the condemnation
of the patriarch John Bekkos of Constantinople and his teachings put an end
to the union of Lyon. The Life could not have been written much after that
year either because its tendentiousness had lost all significance already in
the 1290s.
Quantum in literature - James Joyce and Milorad Pavic
Authors: Djuric Mina
Published: January 2018

The main hypothesis of this paper examines the relationship between the
revolutionary changes in the science, especially related to the quantum
theory at the beginning of the 20th century, and their influence on the
literary texts of modernism, as well as the relationship between the
revolutionary changes in the network communications since the 1960s and their
influence on the postmodern literature. The analyzed examples of these
impacts and analogues of science, literature and information technologies
belong to the literary works of James Joyce, Milorad Pavic and their
receptions.
Virgílio e os jogos fúnebres troiano-romanos
Authors: Cardoso Zélia de Almeida
Published: January 2018

No livro V da Eneida encontramos minuciosa descrição dos jogos fúnebres organizados por Enéias para a celebração do primeiro aniversário da morte de Anquises. Embora inspirado na Ilíada, o texto é bastante original e dá oportunidade a numerosos comentários tanto por aludir a práticas muito difundidas em Roma tais como as homenagens aos mortos, as comemorações dos aniversários da morte de pessoas ilustres, as competições esportivas e as cerimônias de purificação – entre as quais a suouetaurilia –, como por descrever o desfile juvenil denominado ludus troianus.
FUNARI, Pedro Paulo A. Dressel 20 Inscriptions from Britain and the Consumption of Spanish Olive Oil with a Catalogue of Stamps. BAR British Series 250, Oxford, 1996.
Authors: Mierse William E.
Published: January 2018

.
A systematic review of epidemiology, treatment and prognosis of heart failure in adults in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsega Tenaadam A. , Demissei Biniyam G.
Published: January 2018

Background

Systematic characterization of heart failure in adults in Ethiopia is lacking currently. In this review, we sought to summarize the available scientific evidence on the epidemiology, treatment and prognosis of heart failure in adults in Ethiopia.

Methods

A systematic review of PUBMED, EMBASE and SCOPUS was conducted for studies published between January 1990 and July 2017. Studies reporting on incidence, prevalence, treatment or prognosis of heart failure in individuals older than 14 years of age were included.

Results

The search yielded 66 articles, out of which nine were found to be eligible for inclusion in this review. There are no studies reporting the incidence or prevalence of heart failure in the adult population in Ethiopia. There are, however, indications that heart failure might be a significant burden in the country, and typically affects middle-aged adults. Valvular heart disease, predominantly related to rheumatic heart disease, is the most commonly identified heart failure cause across the included studies. There are very limited data on treatment and prognosis.

Conclusion

There is limited scientific evidence on the epidemiology, treatment and prognosis of heart failure in adults in Ethiopia. Further studies are needed for the better understanding of the burden and treatment of heart failure in the adult population in Ethiopia.
Penentuan Pemanfaatan Aset Tanah Pemerintah Daerah dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis dan Metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process : Studi Kasus Pemprov Bali
Authors: Kusuma Yudha Manik , Linawati - , Sudarma I Made
Published: January 2018

Aset tanah bagi pemerintah sangatlah penting. Aset tanah yang dikelola dengan baik memberikan nilai tambah kekayaan pada pemerintah. Sama halnya dengan aset tanah Pemprov Bali. Aset tanah yang tersebar di seluruh Bali akan memerlukan penanganan yang dibantu dengan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). SIG mempermudah pengguna, dalam hal ini Biro Aset, dalam menentukan dan pengalamatan lokasi aset tanah. Sedangkan AHP adalah salah satu metode multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam hal pengambilan keputusan.  Data uji adalah nomor hak P.16 yang terletak di Desa Blahbatuh, Kabupaten Gianyar, didapatkan angka bobot tertinggi pada tanaman padi dengan nilai bobot 25,26%, dan nomor hak HP.129 di Renon, Denpasar, dengan nilai bobot tertinggi pada fasilitas umum (fasum), dengan nilai bobot sebesar 57,04%. Nilai bobot yang dihasilkan tersebut sesuai dengan pemanfaatan pada aset tanah tersebut saat ini.
Authors: Hudha Lalu Sahrul , Santosa Didik Rahadi , Sakti Setyawan Purnomo
Published: January 2018

Secara umum pengukuran menggunakan sensor QCM minimal terdiri dari osilator, Frequency Counter, power supply, komputer dan monitor. Hasil pengukuran menggunakan QCM biasanya disajikan dalam bentuk grafik hubungan frekuensi dan waktu yang biasa disebut sebagai sensogram. Agar sistem pengukurannya menjadi lebih praktis, maka pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah sistem embedded berbasiskan mikrokontroller 32-bit berbasis ARM-Cortex-M7 yang akan mengintegrasikan perangkat pencacah frekuensi berbasis CPLD XC2C512, LCD TFT Color 4.3 inch 480x272 pixel, dan microSD. Pengembangan sistem embedded ini menghasilkan sistem pengukuran frekuensi portabel yang dapat menampilkan grafik hasil pengukuran secara real time pada LCD TFT 4.3 inch dan menyimpan hasil pengukurannya pada microSD. Fungsi-fungsi ini dikembangkan di dalam STM32F746NG dengan memanfaatkan freeRTOS yang merupakan sebuah Real Time Operating System.
Pengkajian Kriteria Pemeriksaan Barang Bawaan di Bandar Udara Sepinggan-Balikpapan
Authors: Syamsudin Rosidin
Published: January 2018

Every passenger of airplane must possess a ticket and must pass through the screening process by the security personnel in an airport both physically and using the screening devices. The screening process may be conducted by using special devices and physical inspection randomly. Cabin baggage or passengers’ belongings taken to the cabin are not allowed to contain hazardous objects that can endanger the flight itself.This study is aimed at creating a concept of baggage criteria. From the data analysis result, it can be concluded that the screening process is conducted in appropriate procedure. On the other hand, it needs to create a concept for baggage criteria such as passengers are only allowed to bring 1 (one) hand bag to cabin.Personel keamanan merupakan salah satu personel penerbangan yang bertugas untuk melakukan pengamanan dalam aktifitas penerbangan. Kualitas kinerja personel keamanan tentu mempengaruhi kualitas keamanan di bandar udara. Bandara Hang Nadim Batam merupakan salah satu bandara yang berada di perbatasan Negara Indonesia. Hal ini memacu pengelola bandar udara untuk meningkatkan kualitas kinerja personel keamanan yang baik. Pengkajian ini bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja personel keamanan di Bandara Hang Nadim. Faktor-faktor yang terbentuk dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan dalam merumuskan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja personel keamanan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengkajian adalah analisis faktor. Pengkajian ini menggunakan data persepsi personel keamanan tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan secara umum. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, ada 5 faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kinerja personel keamanan yaitu : (1) kebijakan pimpinan dalam mengayomi personel keamanan, (2) kerjasama dan kekompakan antar personel keamanan, (3) pendidikan, penghasilan dan penghargaan, (4) peraturan kerja atau sanksi disiplin, dan (5) tingkat kesulitan pekerjaan.
Access to and control over land as gendered : contextualising women's access and ownership rights of land in rural Ghana
Authors: Dery Isaac
Published: January 2018

Women's access to and control over productive resources, including land, have increasingly been recognised in global discussions as a key factor in reducing poverty, ensuring food security and promoting gender equality. Indeed, this argument has been widely accepted by both feminists and development theorists since the 1980s. Based on qualitative research with 50 purposively selected men and women in Ghana's Upper West region, this study explored the complexity of women's access to and control over land within a specific relationship of contestations, negotiations, and manipulations with men. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. While theoretically, participants showed that women's [secure] access to and control over land have beneficial consequences for women themselves, households and the community at large, in principle, women's access and control status was premised in the traditional framework, which largely deprives women of equal access and/or control over the land. The article indicates that even though land is the most revered resource and indeed, the dominant source of income for the rural poor, especially women, gender-erected discrimination and exclusion are key barriers that prevent many rural women from accessing land. This article argues that women's weak access rights and control over land continues to perpetuate the feminisation of gender inequality - while men were reported to possess primary access and control over land as the heads of households, women were argued to have secondary rights due to their 'stranger statuses' in their husbands' families. Overall, the degree of access to land among women was reported to be situated within two broad contexts - marriage and inheritance.
A THEORETICAL BASIS FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Adejumo-Ayibiowu Damola
Published: January 2018

Despite lack of satisfactory evidence of its effectiveness, the idea of good governance is celebrated, and has become the prescription of international development partners for all development challenges facing poor countries, including stagnated growth, poverty, and insecurity. This article posits that the origination and characteristic features of the good governance agenda is not different from earlier economic development models and strategies promoted by international financial institutions (IFIs) in developing nations, all of which failed to achieve growth and development in recipient African countries. For sure, these strategies are always based on theories and methodologies alien to African history, culture and social values. Most importantly, it can be argued that the good governance agenda is an imposition of Western liberal democracy and IFIs' universal blueprints of neoliberalism on poor countries. The objective of this article, is to critically evaluate the theoretical basis of good governance as related to liberalisation, democracy and decentralisation, using Afrocentricity and Africana critical theory.
SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIAL POLICY ‘TOKENISM’ AS AUSTERITY GRIPS
Authors: Bond Patrick
Published: January 2018

The South African government’s mandate was to transform state social policy and correct historic class, racial, gendered and other injustices. The main design patterns of economic and social policy during the 1990s and 2000s, however, can be characterised respectively as ‘neoliberal’ (insofar as they favour the market) and ‘tokenistic’ (insofar as that part of the society that is not served by the market is provided only a small fraction of what it requires to live a decent life). The state has sufficient resources and could tax or prevent profit outflows that would allow surpluses to be redistributed. But as part of a more general tendency to ‘talk left, walk right’, the ruling party has declined to engage in substantive redistribution, risking the ire of its constituencies. The rise of left opposition forces coincides with a new top-down commitment to austerity, one that already began to fray by mid-2016. Only when those forces become more coherent, potentially by the time of the 2019 national election, will a full accounting of the damage of tokenistic social policy be possible, as part of a systemic effort to reverse course.
Knowing Your Rights is Something, But Not Enough: Exploring Collective Advocacy and Rights to Treatment and Services for People Living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Mdee Anna , Thorley Lisa
Published: January 2018

Citizen and collective advocacy is often regarded as a critical way to hold governments to account for the services they are expected to deliver and combat the marginalisation of certain groups. This article presents a qualitative analysis of the application of a “rightsbased” and advocacy approach as a means for People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) to claim their legislative rights to basic services such as education, and combat behaviour that is stigmatising. Data was obtained from a project in Northern Tanzania that works with more than 40 self-help groups to empower them to claim their rights as stipulated in the 2008 HIV/AIDS Act. The findings suggest that knowing one’s rights does seem to enable groups to start asking questions about their entitlements to services. However, it is not enough for one to simply know their rights when their actions and responses are fundamentally limited by lack of resource and power, vague legislative commitments and weak local institutional capacity to respond. These findings have implications for the many social policy initiatives, which seek to use citizen or group-based advocacy to address discrimination or poor public service delivery.
Exploring Policy Issues on the Trafficking of Women in Southern Africa with Reference to Zimbabwe
Authors: Bvirindi Tawanda Ray , Landa Nigel Mxolisi
Published: January 2018

Following the socio-economic and political problems that ensued after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe, instances of human trafficking previously unseen on a large scale have sparked a newfound interest among policy makers and researchers. This article examines the flawed system provided by the Zimbabwean Trafficking in Persons Act No. 4 of 2014 for the protection of victims of human trafficking. It argues that the “Palermo Protocol”—the international instrument against all trafficking in persons is well-equipped to assume greater responsibility in ensuring the protection of victims. Although the Palermo Protocol is a universal protocol; which should be contextualised to suit various scenarios in which trafficking occurs across the globe, it may still be reasonably interpreted as providing the core principles which are vital to the protection of vulnerable populations from trafficking. Over the long haul, a new Zimbabwean Act, re-aligned with the Palermo Protocol, yet flexible, anti-trafficking partnerships between the government, Non-governmental Organisations and Civil Society remain the most viable solutions to addressing this predicament.
CONTEMPORARY CONCERNS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES: PERSPECTIVES FROM TANZANIA AND ZAMBIA BY KILONZO, AND KONTINEN (EDS.)
Authors: Mandalu Martin
Published: January 2018

The book is a collection of 14 papers from a host of authors coming from five diverse institutions in three countries. This is good, as it contains the potential for knowledge creation, given the diversity and multidisciplinary brought about by the authors; even though about 64 per cent - that is, nine of the 14 authors have either written about Tanzania and/or come from two public institutions in the country.
The role of agricultural extension services in socio-economic development of east Africa: A critical review
Authors: Mgalama Prosper Venance
Published: January 2018

Diverse agricultural extension services and approaches have been pursued in east Africa with varying degrees of success. The paper explores the extent to which agriculture extension services provided by both public and private sector have been translated into meaningful social and economic development of farmers. Several dynamics in the pursuit of extension programmes include shortage of extension staff and poor working facilities, leading to inadequate capacity of unbalanced technologies and low participation of private sector were noticed. The paper outlines a number of recommendations including but not limited to strongly involve stakeholders in technology development and transfer. This will assist farmers identify their felt needs rather than the needs being determined by extension service providers.
RACIAL STEREOTYPING OF HOMO SAPIENS AFRICANUS: A REVIEW OF ITS MYTH AND IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENTAL CAPACITY
Authors: Oppong Seth
Published: January 2018

Generally, negative stereotypes have been shown to have negative impact on the performance of members of the social group that is the target of the stereotype. It is against the background of this evidence that this article argues that the negative stereotypes of perceived lower intelligence held against Africans has a similar impact on the general development of the continent. This article seeks to challenge this stereotype by tracing the source of this negative stereotype to David Hume and Immanuel Kant and by showing the initial errors they committed, which have influenced social science knowledge about race relations. Hume and Kant argue that Africans are naturally inferior to Whites, or are less intelligent and support their thesis with their contrived evidence that there has never been any civilised nations other than those developed by White people or any African scholars of eminence. Drawing on Anton Wilhelm Amo's negligence-ignorance thesis, this article proves that the Hume-Kantian argument and its supporting evidence are fallacious.
PROTECTING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE USING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS LAW: THE MASAKHANE PELARGONIUM CASE
Authors: Msomi Zuziwe , Matthews Sally
Published: January 2018

The use of indigenous knowledge (IK) and indigenous bio-resources by pharmaceutical and herbal industries has led to concerns about the need to protect indigenous communities' interests in regards to the use of IK and indigenous bio-resources. Some commentators believe that intellectual property rights (IPR) law can effectively be used to protect IK and indigenous bio-resources, while others are more sceptical. An analysis of the Masakhane Pelargonium case reveals that while the Masakhane community's successful use of IPR law in a case against Schwabe Pharmaceuticals has been lauded as a successful example of a marginalised community using IPR law to protect IK, the facts and results of the case are more ambivalent. Importantly, the Masakhane case shows that existing community resources and the level of mobilisation of the community affect the community's ability to use IPR law effectively. A consideration of the broader context in which IPR law is used is required in order to determine how useful IPR law may be for a particular indigenous community seeking to protect its knowledge and bio-resources. In addition, it also indicates that we need to start recognising communities' existing resources and their determination to be more pivotal to the success of IK-IPR cases.
NURSES' PERCEPTIONS ON THE READMISSION OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS ONE YEAR AFTER DISCHARGE
Authors: Nxasana T. , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G.
Published: January 2018

A qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 10 nurses working with psychiatric patients was conducted in 2012. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nurses' perceptions on the readmission of psychiatric patients within one year of discharge from Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital. Tesch's method of data analysis was used to identify the nurses' perceptions on the readmissions of psychiatric patients one year after discharge.
The results of this study affirmed the reasons known in literature about factors associated with re-admissions, which include lack of family support, poor adherence to medications and substance and alcohol use. However, a unique finding of the study was the cultural interpretation of psychiatric illness that led to poor compliance. The study concluded that cultural interpretation of mental illness is among the many causes of readmission of psychiatric patients and may be an overarching factor. The study recommends that a study be done on exploring the cultural interpretations of psychiatric illness and the impact of those interpretations on the readmission of psychiatric patients.
THE PERCEPTIONS OF CRITICAL CARE NURSES IN RELATION TO THEIR EDUCATIONAL PREPAREDNESS IN CARING FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kutoane M.N. , De Beer J.
Published: January 2018

Many HIV-infected patients diagnosed with the complex staging of the disease and severe opportunistic events require admission to critical care units, making care complicated. Further to this, antiretroviral therapy and unanswered questions concerning its use in these units add to the already intricate and complicated cases admitted to critical care. Complications are increased by issues including legal statutes concerning HIV/Aids testing and disclosure. As a result, this study was aimed at exploring the perceptions of critical care nurses towards their educational preparedness in managing HIV/AIDS patients admitted to CCUs in KwaZulu-Natal.
A quantitative descriptive research design was used and data collection included a structured questionnaire and open-ended questions. The sample size consisted of 100 CCNs (79 from the public setting and 21 from the private sector). Of the critical care nurses, 44.6% (n=25) who had undergone training in HIV/AIDS management, only 25% (n=14) perceived that they were not educationally prepared to provide effective services for patients with HIV/AIDS. Fifty (n=50) (89.3%) critical care nurses reported that HIV/AIDS management should be incorporated into the critical care curriculum. Their universal perception, n=42 (75%), was that this will improve the standards of care. Nurses are still challenged by factors such as the advanced level of the HIV disease, confidentiality, knowledge about treatment regimen and emotional challenges related to caring for these patients.
More research with a larger scale sample is required to provide appropriate generalisation of the findings of this study. Alternatively, a qualitative research study exploring the lived experiences of critical care nurses caring for people living with HIV/AIDS is suggested.
EXPERIENCES OF NURSE MANAGERS IN MANAGING A WORKFORCE WHO ARE HIV AND/OR TB INFECTED
Authors: Kerr Jane , Brysiewicz P , Bhengu B R
Published: January 2018

Managing a workforce suffering from HIV and TB leads to management and administrative issues for nurse managers to deal with. The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences in the management of a nursing workforce suffering from HIV and TB in selected hospitals in South Africa. An interpretive constructionist ethnography using qualitative research methods in selected hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was conducted. In depth interviews were conducted with 17 participants in 5 hospitals; the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. The nurse managers described administrative, emotional, employee personal protection and the burden of death as the categories which emerged from the data. Â A theme emerged regarding the ambivalence between making decisions which are best for the patients and those which are best for the ill nurse. The burden experienced by nurse managers need to be understood and these require organizational support. Understanding the human resource management experiences of nurse managers managing HIV and TB infected nurses in a workforce may guide nurse managers working in similar contexts, with similar HIV and TB prevalence to that of Southern Africa.
BEING LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER AND INTERSEX (LGBTI) STUDENTS AT A SOUTH AFRICAN RURAL-BASED UNIVERSITY: Implications for HIV prevention
Authors: Mavhandu-Mudzusi A H , Ganga-Limando Makombo
Published: January 2018

Negative attitudes towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) communities exist in South Africa, regardless of the constitutional provision and anti-discriminatory policies. Cases of violence against LGBTI persons due to their sexual orientation have been reported in the media and scientific journals. This study focused on LGBTI students of a rural-based university. It explored and described their experiences in interacting with members and structures of the university community. Â A qualitative descriptive, exploratory, and contextual design was used and data were collected through individual face to face in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted with 20 participants, who were selected through snow-balling technique. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data.Stigma and discrimination were the mains theme that emerged from the analysis of the interviews. Four sub-themes and various categories were derived from the main theme. Despite the constitutional provisions and the core values guiding any university, LGBTI students are still being stigmatized and discriminated against because of their sexual orientation. Stigma and discrimination issues should be incorporated in all HIV prevention activities in universities in South Africa.Â
The Influence of Exercise Dosing on Outcomes in Patients With Knee Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Young Jodi L. , Rhon Daniel I. , Cleland Joshua A. , Snodgrass Suzanne J.
Published: January 2018

Study Design

Systematic review.

Background

Therapeutic exercise is commonly used to treat individuals with knee disorders, but dosing parameters for optimal outcomes are unclear. Large variations exist in exercise prescription, and research related to specific dosing variables for knee osteoarthritis, patellar tendinopathy, and patellofemoral pain is sparse.

Objectives

To identify specific doses of exercise related to improved outcomes of pain and function in individuals with common knee disorders, categorized by effect size.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched for studies related to exercise and the 3 diagnoses. Means and standard deviations were used to calculate effect sizes for the exercise groups. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.

Results

Five hundred eighty-three studies were found after the initial search, and 45 were included for analysis after screening. Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale scores were “fair” quality and ranged from 3 to 8. For knee osteoarthritis, 24 total therapeutic exercise sessions and 8- and 12-week durations of exercise were parameters most often associated with large effects. An exercise frequency of once per week was associated with no effect. No trends were seen with exercise dosing for patellar tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain.

Conclusion

This review suggests that there are clinically relevant exercise dosing variables that result in improved pain and function for patients with knee osteoarthritis, but optimal dosing is still unclear for patellar tendinopathy and patellofemoral pain. Prospective studies investigating dosing parameters are needed to confirm the results from this systematic review.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(3):146–161. Epub 10 Jan 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7637