bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and practical propositions for more sustainable livestock production
Authors: Nahed-Toral J , Valdivieso-Perez IA , Grande-Cano D
Published: June 2024

A brief review is made of theoretical and practical propositions for more sustainable livestock production (meat and milk). An Organic Livestock Conversion Index (OLCI) was developed to evaluate the level of approximation of Livestock Production Units (LPU) to the organic model. Organic practices such as crop rotation, use of cover crops, mechanical and manual weed control, and recycling of manure reduce soil erosion and pest problems and generally allow for avoiding the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which - along with the substitution of nitrogen fertilizer with legumes and/or manure – reduces energy use in organic systems. Furthermore, practices by LPU contribute to sustainable livestock production by means of minimal use of chemical fertilizers in pastures; adding nutrients to the soil solely by cattle depositing manure during grazing, manual weed control, use of silvopastoral systems, and energy efficiency by the farmers. The approximation of the LPU to organic production, the use of organic practices, Silvopastoral Systems and more energy efficiency demonstrate the potential of organic livestock farms for contributing to more sustainable production as compared to conventional livestock production.
Leaders’ tendency to over- and underestimate themselves and their organizations: The subordinates’ perception
Authors: Gerry Larsson
Published: June 2024

The aim was to test some psychometric properties of a questionnaire designed to measure leaders’ tendency to over- and underestimate themselves and their organizations when they are facing problems. Data were obtained from 63 Swedish managers who had attended leadership courses. As predicted, the findings show that leaders who overestimate their capacity to handle problems also overestimate their organization’s capacity to handle the demands, and vice versa. Contrary to prediction, positive correlations were found between the over- and underestimation scales. It was suggested that these last-mentioned finding reflects a general, cognitive ability and personality-based tendency to appraise situations more or less realistically. Similar patterns have been found in studies on destructive leadership and stress research focusing on daily hassles and uplifts. A combined estimation index was computed (Cronbach alpha = .72) and preliminary scale limits to be used by leadership training facilitators and coaches are presented.
Three ways to confirm the correctness of the biomechanical model of the morphogenesis of spiral phyllotaxis
Authors: Boris Rozin
Published: June 2024

The mystery of the phyllotaxis phenomenon has been inspiring inquiry among generations of botanists and mathematicians. Of particular interest is the fact that the number of visible spirals is equal to the numbers from the Fibonacci series. The article proposes three methods to prove the adequacy of the biomechanical model of the morphogenesis of spiral phyllotaxis: mathematical, simulation software, and experimental. Evidence of the biomechanical model leads to a critical rethinking of the understanding of plant morphogenesis.
The Effect of STEM Education Practices on the Awareness towards STEM Education and Opinions of Preservice Science Teachers
Authors: Durmaz Hüsnüye , Çelik Keser Hande
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine the effects of STEM education practices on preservice science teachers' (PSTs) awareness of STEM and STEM education and their views on the implementation process. The study was designed as a one-group pretest/posttest weak-experimental design including a case study. The participants were 30 PSTs enrolling in the Science Teaching Laboratory Applications I course in the 2018-2019 academic year and were determined by convenience sampling. In the study that lasted nine weeks, five STEM activities were practiced. STEM awareness open-ended questionnaire (STEM-A) was administered as pre and posttest, and the obtained data was evaluated with the thematic analysis. At the end of the instructional practices, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten volunteer participants and the data were analyzed with the content analysis method. According to the findings, it can be stated that the participants' awareness developed positively and they grasped the importance of interdisciplinary relationship and integrated structure of the STEM approach.
Boşanmanın Öğrenciler Üzerindeki İzleri: Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Perspektifinden
Authors: Uğraş Hilal
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırma, ebeveynlerinin boşanmasının çocuklar üzerindeki etkilerini sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri aracılığıyla belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgu bilim deseni kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Türkiye'nin bir şehrinde, çeşitli devlet okullarında görev yapan yirmi sekiz sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları aracılığıyla toplanmış ve içerik analizi yolu ile betimlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, ebeveynleri boşanmış öğrencilerin sınıf içindeki davranışlarında oluşan farklılıklar, ebeveynlerinin boşanmasının öğrencilerin akademik performansları üzerindeki etkisi, ebeveynlerinin boşanmasının öğrencilerin sosyal ilişkilerine etkisi, ebeveynleri boşanmış öğrencilere yönelik okulda uygulanan destek programları ve ebeveynleri boşanmış öğrenciler için faydalı olabilecek destek ve kaynaklar olmak üzere beş ana tema belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, ebeveynlerinin boşanma sürecinden öğrencilerin sosyal, davranışsal, ekonomik ve psikolojik açılardan olumsuz olarak etkilediklerini göstermektedir. Ebeveynlerinin boşanmasının öğrenciler üzerindeki bu olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek amacı ile okullarda sağlanabilecek destek ve kaynakların geliştirilmesi konusunda sınıf öğretmenlerine rehberlik yapacak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Kepelbagaian Bakteria pada Cap Jari Kanak-kanak Taska/Montessori Sebelum dan Selepas Pendedahan terhadap Teknik Pembasuhan Tangan yang Betul
Authors: Hassni Fatin Hafizah , Nahenthara Raj Shubatra , Yip Chee Wai , Mohd Yasin Nazlina Haiza , Hazrin Chong Nur Hazlin , Aqma Wan Syaidatul , Md Nor Norefrina Shafinaz
Published: June 2024

Bakteria patogen hadir dan boleh berjangkit melalui kontaminasi tangan dalam kalangan kanak-kanak di taska dan montessori. Keadaan ini berpotensi menyebabkan jangkitan bakteria kronik, justeru telah menimbulkan kebimbangan dari segi isu kesihatan awam kanak-kanak di Malaysia. Kaedah mencuci tangan dengan betul dapat mengurangkan risiko jangkitan bakteria melalui sentuhan langsung. Kajian ini telah direka dengan mengambil kira faktor umur dan jantina terhadap kepelbagaian bakteria pada cap jari kanak-kanak sebelum dan selepas mencuci tangan dengan sabun. Tiga taska dan montessori di kawasan Bangi, Selangor telah dipilih bagi pendedahan terhadap modul pembasuhan tangan yang betul. Persampelan cap ibu jari kanak-kanak berusia 2 hingga 6 tahun dilakukan pada agar nutrien bagi menunjukkan kepada peserta kesan pembasuhan tangan terhadap baketeria sebelum dan selepas pembasuhan tangan. Ujian biokimia dan penjujukan 16S rDNA dilakukan untuk pengenalpastian spesies pencilan. Antara spesies yang dipencilkan adalah Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes dan L. welshimeri. Hasil kajian mendapati kepelbagaian bakteria pada cap jari kanak-kanak perempuan lebih tinggi daripada kanak-kanak lelaki namun kepelbagaian bakteria berdasarkan umur tidak menunjukkan corak yang jelas antara ketiga-tiga tadika yang disampel. Justeru, pendidikan tentang teknik cucian tangan yang betul dalam kalangan kanak-kanak adalah penting bagi mengurangkan jangkitan serta penyebaran bakteria tersebut di dalam persekitaran pusat asuhan.
Authentication of grape seed oil by isotopic analysis of carbon 13C/12C EA-IRMS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Vasilyev Vladimir A. , Resnyanskaya Anna S. ,   Astrakhan Tatishchev State University
Published: June 2024

Grape seed oil is a premium vegetable oil with high biological activity. The growing demand for the product and the expansion of the geography of supplies increase the risk of its falsification in terms of raw materials, method of production, and place of origin. The method of mass spectrometry of stable carbon isotopes (IRMS 13C/12C) is one of the most informative and often used to detect counterfeits of vegetable oils. The ratio of isotopes 13C/12C depends on the path of photosynthesis, generic and varietal composition, weather conditions, growing place. The indicator is defined for most vegetable oils, however, data on grape seed oil could not be found in the available literature. The article considers the possibility of using the EA-IRMS 13C/12C method for rapid detection of counterfeit oil. The ratio of 13C/12C isotopes for four commercially available grape oils was analyzed. The direct pressing grape oil provided by the Fanagoria ART was used as a control sample. The specimen is unquestionable in both the raw material and the region of origin. This product is obtained by direct pressing technology without the use of organic solvents. For this sample, a comparison was made between the isotopic carbon composition of the oil and the alcohol portion of the wine produced from the same batch of grapes. The study showed that the isotope ratio of 13C/12C for the reference sample was –27.87(± 0.10). For other images, the range of values ranged from –28.03 to –28.86. The difference between oil and wine averaged 0.870/00 (0.77–0.970/00). The isotopic ratios of 13C/12C do not change over time and depend on the place of origin, grape cultivation conditions, and the method of oil production. The EA-IRMS method together with other analysis methods can be used to identify the authenticity of grape seed oil, including its geographical origin.
Simulation model of treatment facilities for the slaughterhouse of a poultry farm
Authors:   ITMO University, Semenova Tatiana S. , Sergienko Olga I. ,   ITMO University
Published: June 2024

We designed a multi-stage technological scheme of treatment facilities for the slaughterhouse of a poultry farm in order to determine the most effective option for a changing wastewater load. The quality of purification was assessed by such physicochemical indicators as suspended solids content, dissolved oxygen concentration, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, as well as total nitrogen and phosphorus values. The article presents the results of simulation modeling fot the behavior of the system under variable load with wastewater using the GPS-X software product with the Mantis2 calculation model. To assess the sensitivity of the model, pollutant concentrations were varied within a range of ±20% of the mean value in the original effluent. The results of modeling the operation of wastewater treatment facilities at a poultry farm were carried out when the concentration of pollutants at the entrance to the averaging tank changed from a minimum value equal to the maximum permissible concentrations to the maximum composition of wastewater from the poultry farm. It was found that, when varying the initial data, the selected scheme provides sufficiently high treatment efficiency over the entire range of changes in the concentrations of pollutants at the inlet, except for total nitrogen, which is probably due to the accumulation of organic nitrogen in activated sludge at disruption of the metabolic processes in the aeration tank. It is shown that the use of simulation modeling at the stage of development of a complex of treatment facilities allows to analyze various scenarios of system behavior, taking into account dynamic changes in the volume of water consumption during production, as well as seasonal changes in the composition of wastewater in food production.
The XI International Congress “Topical issues of forensic medicine and expert practice — 2024” dedicated to the memory of Professor Vladimir A. Klevno
Authors: Khalikov Airat А. , Maksimov Aleksandr V. , Krupina Natalia A.
Published: June 2024

In Moscow, on the basis of the Moscow Regional Research Institute named after M.F. Vladimirsky, the annual XI International Congress “Current Issues of Forensic Medicine and Expert Practice - 2024” was held on April 17–18, 2024. It was dedicated to the memory of Professor Vladimir Aleksandrovich Klevno, a talented scientist, a prominent domestic forensic physician, the first head of the Department of Forensic Medicine of MONIKI, one of the members of the Council of the National Medical Chamber, President of the Association of Forensic Experts, editor-in-chief of Forensic Medicine, Doctor of Medical Sciences, who was the ideological inspirer and organizer of this congress. For several decades V.A. Klevno was one of the country’s leading specialists in the field of forensic medicine, a major scientist and organizer of forensic science and expert practice, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of domestic forensic activity. The congress continued the proud tradition of bringing together experts, researchers, and professionals to further develop collaboration and exchange of cutting-edge research and the latest developments in the fields of forensic medicine, pathological anatomy, and legal practice. This international congress aimed to expand the knowledge of specialists in the fields of forensic medicine, pathological anatomy, and healthcare organization. The conference was distinguished by a rich program, a variety of new formats, and effective working tools that were used by the organizers this year. In particular, special projects were launched – thematic video master classes and the work of the sections “Non-state forensic activity” and “Histological studies in pathoanatomical and forensic medical expert practice.” Within the framework of the congress, a joint session of the Association of Forensic Experts and the Interregional Thanatoradiological Society “Radiation diagnostics in pathoanatomical and forensic medical expert practice” was also held. The article is devoted to an overview of the most striking and memorable events of the event.
Assessment of the level of PD-L1 protein expression on gastric cancer material using the new clone PBM-1A4 and comparison with clones 22C3, SP142, SP263
Authors: Sotnikova Tatyana N. , Polushkina Tatyana V. , Kalinin Dmitry V. , Danilova Natalia V.
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The study of the properties of immunotherapeutic markers is a popular and promising area in oncology. One of the most studied targets of immunotherapy is the ligand of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1). Currently, diagnostic kits for determining PD-L1 expression in tumors are manufactured overseas. To ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation in medical technologies, research with a domestic clone of PD-L1 antibodies and comparison of the results with already validated analogs are necessary.
AIM: To validate a domestic clone of an antibody to PD-L1 (PBM-1A4) , determine the relationship of the reaction with clinical and morphological parameters, and compare with clones SP142, SP263, and 22C3 in gastric cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comparative immunohistochemical analyses of different PD-L1 clones were performed on paraffin blocks of gastric adenocarcinoma surgical material from 39 patients who had not received chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy preoperatively.
RESULTS: PD-L1 expression detected by the PBM-1A4 antibody clone was present in 46.2% of gastric cancer samples. Among PD-L1(PBM-1A4)-positive tumors, neoplasms of the second macroscopic type according to R. Bormann and tubular adenocarcinomas were significantly predominant. The SP142 clone showed the greatest consistency with PBM-1A4 expression (significant consistency, Cohen’s kappa = 0.67335).
CONCLUSION: Compared with the SP142 clone, the PBM-1A4 clone to PD-L1 during immunohistochemical examination on gastric adenocarcinoma material showed a close to identical immunological picture when. The data obtained appear promising for the use of the PBM-1A4 clone in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms for patients with cancer, taking into account its economic component and accessibility.
ASSESSING THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SAND INCORPARATING EXPANDED GLASS GRANULES THROUGH RESONANT COLUMN TEST
Authors: Umu Seyfettin Umut
Published: June 2024

In contemporary geotechnical stabilization applications, there is a simultaneous drive to make applications as light and durable as possible while also preferring the utilization of waste products in soil improvement endeavors due to their dual merits of fostering environmental sustainability and conferring economic benefits. In this study, the use of expanded glass granules as a waste material was implemented to harmonize with this perspective, wherein reference sand and expanded glass granules were systematically mixed in varying proportions by mass and volume. Subsequently, the dynamic behavior of the mixture samples was rigorously assessed through a resonant column test between 0.001 - 0.1% shear strain amplitude and under various cell pressures. The variations in modulus reduction and initial shear modulus of the expanded glass granules added specimens were subjected to analysis, the shear modulus values of the samples mass-prepared (1, 2%) were obtained at least 12% and 21% higher than the reference sand, respectively. Similarly, the shear modulus values of the mixture sample prepared at 2.5% by volume were 20% higher than the reference sand at different effective pressures. The specimens prepared at 5% by volume demonstrate shear modulus values that were akin to those of the reference sand. The shear modulus values of the mixture samples prepared by volume (7.5, 10 and 15%) were found to be relatively lower than those of the reference sand. In the experimental study, it was discovered that the high angle of internal friction of the expanded glass granules exerts an influence on the variation in modulus reduction. According to the results of the experimental study, expanded glass granules show positive results in shallow geotechnical soil stabilization applications.
Predictors of immediate postpartum anemia among singleton postpartum women, Dire Dawas, Ethiopia: hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Beshir Asma B. , Yasin Aminu M. , Tekle Mickiale H. , Asegid Daniel T.
Published: June 2024

Background: Immediate postpartum anemia is a condition where hemoglobin concentrations are lower than normal, which complicates maternal lives, including death. But so far, studies across Ethiopia have been inconsistent and lacking in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the magnitude and predictors of immediate postpartum anemia among singleton postpartum women which could help in interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2022 in the public hospitals in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and medical card review, entered into EPI DATA (version 3.1) and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) (version 22). A p value of 0.05 or less at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant.   Results: Of 476 participants, 26.9% had immediate postpartum anemia and significantly associated with lack of formal education (AOR=3.01, 95% CI: 1.12–8.08), unemployment (AOR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.02–7.21), number of ANC visits (AOR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.32–4.30), instrumental delivery (AOR=3.70, 95% CI: 1.952–6.86), pre-delivery anemia (AOR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.48–5.91), gastro-intestinal parasites (AOR=3.23, 95% CI: 1.37–7.59), low dietary diversity (AOR=3.10, 95% CI: 1.65–5.79), and no iron supplementation during pregnancy (AOR=2.69, 95% CI:1.10–6.58). Conclusions: Almost one in four singleton postpartum women had immediate postpartum anemia. Findings indicate a public health problem and interventions need on risk factors.
The Diagnostic Performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for the Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Zong-Hao , Wang Chun-Bao , Wu Zhi-Chun
Published: June 2024

Background: Our meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
Methods: We systematically and comprehensively searched all available studies until May 2023 in the PubMed and Embase databases. Studies evaluating 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI in men with prostate cancer biochemical recurrence were included. We appraised the quality of studies using a tailored Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. For each meta-analysis, we used the DerSimonian and Laird method. We first transformed proportions with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, and then confidence intervals were calculated using the Jackson method. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources. Furthermore, we conducted subgroup analysis according to the PSA levels.
Results: Overall, 13 studies with 738 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled overall detection rates of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI in detecting recurrent PCa after definitive treatment were 74% (95% CI, 68%-79%). For patients with PSA under 0.5 ng/mL, the detection rate was 55 %. The detection rates were 79 %, 76 % and 87 % for the subgroup PSA levels of 0.5−0.99, 1.0–1.99 and over 2.0 ng/mL.
Conclusion: 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI has a good detection rate for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. However, large sample, multi-center studies are still needed to verify and expand on our conclusion.
A Comparison between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels and Serum Ferritin in Children and Adolescents with Iron Deficiency Anemia, Thalassemia Minor, Thalassemia Major and Healthy People
Authors: Hemmatipour Akram , Kikhaei Bijan , Jalkani Razieh , Ahmadnejad Mansour , Soleimanzadeh Farhad , Rokhafrooz Dariush
Published: June 2024

Background: We aimed to determine the level of serum vitamin D and serum ferritin in four groups’ children and adolescents.
Methods: This descriptive/analytical study was conducted in 2019 on children and adolescents with thalassemia aged 7-18 years in Ahvaz, Iran. Overall, 160 patients with the target inclusion and exclusion criteria were assigned into four groups (n=40) of people with thalassemia minor, thalassemia major, iron deficiency anemia and healthy individuals. The level of ferritin and vitamin D was assessed. Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman's correlation test were used as well as SPSS Statistics V21.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 13.07 ± 3.82 yr and 100 people (62.5%) were male. In terms of vitamin D deficiency, 16 people (40%) had severe deficiency in iron deficiency group. The highest level of ferritin was found in thalassemia major group and the lowest in iron deficiency group. Regarding the level of vitamin D and ferritin in the healthy group, there was a statistically significant difference between mean vitamin D and serum ferritin levels (P=0.027). In iron deficiency group, this level of ferritin was observed with mild deficiency (P=0.017). In thalassemia major group, the increase in ferritin was associated with severe vitamin D deficiency (P=0.05.
Conclusion: Severe vitamin D is seen in thalassemia major due to the increase in ferritin, but moderate deficiency of this vitamin in healthy people and mild deficiency in iron deficiency anemia group was observed considering the normal levels of ferritin.
Gender and Age Discrepancies of Lifestyle Indices Related to Metabolic Syndrome among Iranian Aging Population
Authors: Ahmadabad Ali Dehghani , Jahangiry Leila , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Farajiazad Haniyeh , Mohammadi Eesa
Published: June 2024

Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components across gender and age groups of the older population, specifically focusing on identifying the association between MetS and lifestyle factors in classified age groups in older individuals.
Methods: Overall, 582 older people with MetS in Yazd (Iran) urban primary health care centers were randomly included from 10 health centers and invited to participate in the study in 2022. During the phone invitation, eligible interested people were asked to refer to health care centers for clinical assessments by trained health researchers. MetS components, dietary intakes using validated frequency food questionnaire, and physical activity by International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-short form) were measured.
Results: Women with Mets under 75 yr had significantly higher BMI, weight, and FBS than men and men had significantly higher WC than women. Among patients over 75 yr old, women had significantly higher weight than men had and lower WC and lower HDL_C than men. There were significant differences between gender groups of the aging patient under 75 yr old in terms of vigorous physical activity, total metabolic equivalent of activity, total fat intake, PUFA, and sodium intake, with men reporting level of mentioned lifestyle factors than women.
Conclusion: There were significant gender differences between two aged groups (>75 and <75 yr old) of patients for MetS components and lifestyle risk factors. Weight and WC showed noteworthy gender differences, with variations in both age groups.
Data analysis of indoor air pollutants in the laboratories of an Indian engineering institute
Authors: Agarwal Aditya Kumar , Tomar Aditya Singh , Rajput Jay Singh , Trivedi Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) is a serious problem, especially in enclosed environments where humans are present for a long period. Similar enclosed environments can be seen in educational Institutions, where employees and students spend much of their time. The objective of this research is to assess the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of engineering Institute's laboratories.
Materials and methods: The sample of Indoor Air Pollutants (IAPs) such as Particulate Matters (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Formaldehyde (HCHO), and Carbon dioxide (CO2) were obtained by using a portable air quality meter from 12 different laboratories during July 2021 to September 2021 from 10:00 to 17:00. The statistical analysis was performed to interpret the outcomes.
Results: As a result, the higher concentration of PM , PM , PM , TVOC, 1.0 2.5 10 HCHO, and CO2 was observed in ML 11, ML2, ML12, ML5 and ML4. The correlation analysis shows that all laboratories, with the exception of ML4, ML5, ML9, and ML11, show good positive correlation for Particulate Matter (PM) of all sizes (R2>0.90). Additionally, ML6 and ML9 exhibited a strong positive association (R2>0.78) for TVOC, ML4 and ML8 for HCHO (R2>0.68), and ML3 and ML10 for CO (R2>0.66). In addition, cluster analysis was performed on the datasets to group them into similar source categories. As a result, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, and 3 clusters for PM , PM , PM , TVOC, HCHO, and CO2 are extracted.
Conclusion: Overall, it appears that the presence of IAPs is caused by nearby outdoor activities, sweeping and dusting, wood furniture, paints, and poor ventilation in laboratories.
Time series analysis of COVID-19 stringency measures on the spatio- temporal dynamics of air pollution
Authors: Nair Gouri Madhu , Veerappan Ramesh , Sharafudeen Mohammed Irshad
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Execution of COVID-19 lockdown measures caused variations in air pollution worldwide. This paper investigates the impact of COVID-19 stringency measures on the spatio-temporal dynamics of air pollution in Mumbai, India, using a comprehensive two-and-a-half-year pandemic period dataset.
Materials and methods: We classified the pandemic period into 7 phases and 21 sub-phases based on the severity of the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) Stringency Index (SI). Optimized Hotspot analysis (OHS) and Ordinary Least Square Regression models explored the spatio-temporal fluctuations and the effect of stringency measures on air quality.
Results: The R2 value varied; with the best model R2 of 0.61 for Particulate Matters (PM10) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and lowest of 0.23 for Sulfur dioxide (SO2). A 10-point increase in SI caused a 3-7% reduction in air pollutants. Substantial reduction in average PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and Carbon monoxide (CO) was observed throughout the COVID-19 phases. Meteorology and SI collectively caused maximum reduction of 82.6%, 72.7%, 53.8%, 52.2%, 49.1%, 28.4% for NO2, PM2.5, PM10, NH3, CO, and SO2 respectively, during complete or extreme lockdown phases. Except SO2, seasonality significantly influenced the pollutant concentrations. Winter was the worst period while monsoon was the best. OHS identified central Mumbai wards as hotspots and areas close to the national park as coldspots.
Conclusion: PM10, NO2 and CO were more affected by SI measures than NH3 and SO2. For a rapid emergency response to high PM10, implementation of SI, very high (≥ 80 score) and above is advised. Findings of this study have significant public health policy implications, especially among global south nations.
Air pollution over southern Africa: Impact on the regional environment and public health implication
Authors: Wiston Modise , Sebitla Lesolle Director , Ramaphane Galebonwe , Mbangiwa Nicholas Christopher
Published: June 2024

Air pollution is one of the problems in many countries posing serious challenges the world is facing today. This is a global public health and environmental issue with multiple facets; it affects all aspects -human health, development, economy, land use and the environment. Although industrial revolution has been a great advancement in human life in terms of technology, societal development, creation and provision of multiple services, it has also resulted in the production of large quantities of unpleasant substances the atmosphere. It is no doubt that worldwide urbanization and industrialization are escalating at a high rate and reaching unprecedented proportions in many countries. In this article, we revisit the state of air pollution over southern Africa and assess the extent to which this can impact on the regional environment. The study is qualitative but also employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative evidence on the status of Air Quality (AQ) over southern Africa. The subcontinent is now a significant source of atmospheric and environmental pollution, having transformed from a rural to one of the more developing regions in the world. There is an influx of particulate and gas pollution from both local and remote sources. Prominent hotspots can be observed on satellites for Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Particulate Matter (PM) and Biomass Burning (BB) emissions around active areas. Depending on the nature of pollutant generation and amount, there are often differing levels of exposure to certain toxic elements, some of which are more harmful to human life. Increase in seasonal/annual pollution, in accordance with continued human development and industrial revolution can have a dire effect on the region, especially considering the growing African population. Comprehensive long-term AQ management programs are therefore needed to ensure that tolerable pollution levels are not exceeded, and that population exposure is taken care of.
Correlation of Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index With Semen Parameters, Lifestyle and Clinical Pregnancy Outcome After Intracytoplasmic Injection
Authors: Ebrahimi Mahbod , Asbagh Firoozeh Akbari , Tavakoli Mojgan , Eshraghi Nasim , Poormand Naghmeh , Ghaemi Marjan
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to measure the correlation of sperm DNA fragmentation with semen parameters, lifestyle, and fertility outcomes after intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI).
Materials and methods: The partners who were candidates for ICSI with a history of one In vitro fertilization (IVF) failure or male factor were recruited in the study. Semen parameters including sperm count, motility, and morphology as well as DNA fragmentation index (DFI) (that were divided into 2 groups as high (>15%), and low (≤15%) fragmentation scales) were evaluated either. The correlation of DFI with semen parameters, lifestyle, and clinical pregnancy after ICSI were compared between groups.
Results: In 120 included couples, 59 men (49.2%) had DFIs ≤ 15% and 61 (50.8%) cases had DFIs >15%. In the group with higher DFI, abnormal morphology (p=0.010) was higher whereas, progressive motility (p=0.001), total motility (p<0.001), and total count (p<0.001) of sperm were significantly lower. In addition, the DFI was significantly higher in the subgroup of male infertility (0.012). Logistic regression showed that a lower risk of DFI>15% was associated with higher values of progressive motility (OR=0.97, p=0.001), total motility (OR=0.96, p=<0.001), count (OR=0.96, p=<0.001) and even clinical pregnancy (OR=0.27, p=0.011). However, a history of testicular surgery was associated with a higher risk of DFI>15% (OR=3.37, p=0.046). Although no correlation was found between male age and lifestyle components with DFI, the number of embryos was lower in DFI≥15% (p<0.001).
Conclusion: DFI provide a clinically important measurement of sperm quality and have an impact on IVF outcomes; however, lifestyle components may not correlate with DFI.
Expression of Intragenic LCAL4 Long Non-Coding RNAs as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Female Breast Cancer
Authors: Behyari Maryam , Behyari Mahla
Published: June 2024

Objective: In breast cancer early detection is associated with reduced mortality and it is essential to identify new biomarkers for early detection and appropriate management of cancer patients with the best response to treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have attracted much attention as potential diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers due to their high specificity, easy access to non-invasive methods, and their aberrant expression under various pathological and physiological conditions. Have attracted the aim of this study is to investigate the expression profile of intragenic non-coding LncRNAs LCAL4 as a biomarker as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
Materials and methods: In this research, 62 tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing therapeutic surgery in Khatam al-Anbia Hospital and the normal peripheral tissue that was removed for prevention was used as a control by Real-time PCR method.
Results: The expression pattern of LCAL4 long non-coding RNA gene is significantly different between two groups of healthy control samples and samples obtained from patients with different breast cancer subtypes, Also its expression between samples obtained from different subgroups and different stages showed significant differences.
Conclusion: The studied LncRNAs can act as a factor to identify tumor tissue from healthy tissue, and the diagnosis of cancer grades can be different depending on the type of LncRNA. These results can be proposed in the introduction of LncRNA LCAL4 as a new marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. In addition, by interpreting the results, it can be concluded that these LncRNAs can be considered as influential factors in the process of breast cancer.
Aberrant Expression of Sprouty2 In Human Colon Cancer
Authors: BAESMAT Ayriana Safari , BAYRAKDAR Berna
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The study investigates the role of Sprouty2 (SPRY2) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell function. It found that SPRY2 inhibits the RAS/MAPK/ERK pathway and promotes cancer invasion in KRAS-WT CRC. However, it did not significantly alter p-ERK levels, cell proliferation, or invasion in KRAS-mutant CRCs. High SPRY2 expression was associated with shorter cancer-specific survival in both KRAS-WT and KRAS-mutant CRC patients. The study suggests that SPRY2 may promote invasion and progression in both types of CRC.
Methods: The gene expression data were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Fold change, p.value t-test and David Functional analysis, hierarchical clustering was performed.
Results: In this study, we identified altered genes involved in SPRY2 mutation in the colon and the relevant pathways to understand whether the SPRY2 mutation changes cancer progression. 4 genes of 5 genes were downregulated following the mutation in colon cancer cells. We identified a network between these genes and pathways they belong to. Pathway analysis showed that these genes are mostly associated with cancer cell proliferation.
Conclusion: MAL2, ESRP1, CDH3, CXCL14 and CDH1 genes were found to be associated with in SPRY2 mutation in colon cancer pathogenesis. Almost all these genes are effective in the proliferation of cancer cells, especially during the SPRY2 mutation process. Therefore, it is hypothesized that downregulation or upregulation of these genes may affect colon cancer pathogenesis by reducing cell proliferation. And it is predicted that SPRY2 mutation may be an important factor for colon cancer.
DYNAMICS OF AN OBLIGATION RESULTING FROM ITS CONTESTATION BY ONE OF THE PARTIES
Authors:   Head of the Department of Civil Law of the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, LL.D., Gruzdev Vladislav V.
Published: June 2024

The dynamics of the obligation as a result of its contestation by one of the parties. The article is devoted to the study of the legal consequences of challenging an obligation. In order to designate the considered basis for changing the binding relationship, the terminology «violation of the implicit imperative» should be used, thereby emphasizing the threat of violation of the rights (legally protected interests) of participants in civil turnover. As a legal fact, a challenge entails the appearance of: in the content of a subjective right or legitimate interest — establishing (ascertaining) and transformative (constitutive) protective powers, in the content of a duty — protective debtor powers to object.
The Agreement Institution as a Private Law Means of Support of Environmental Entrepreneurship
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Entrepreneurial, Labor and Corporate Law of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky, Ivanova Daria V.
Published: June 2024

The author gives a brief historical excursion into the theory of contract law and examines the discourse on identifying business law as a separate branch of law. The article provides a civil law description of contracts in the field of environmental entrepreneurship, considers the possibility of separating them into a separate category of business contracts, and examines the theoretical features of this type of contract. The author especially emphasizes that contracts in the field of environmental entrepreneurship use the entire toolkit of contract law, are actively used in the process of environmental entrepreneurship and fix both services for the transfer of property into ownership and obligations for the provision of services. Based on the results of the study, the author tries to answer a difficult question: can contracts in the field of environmental entrepreneurship be classified as business contracts as an institution in the field of business law.
Artificial Intelligence vs. a Scientist in Maintaining a Balance between the Right to Information and the Need for Protection of Personal Data against Unauthorized Use
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist, Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative and Information Law of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky, Ivanova Marina A. , Vasyakina Elena V. ,   Associate Professor of the Department of Administrative and Information Law of the Law Faculty Named after M.M. Speransky of the Institute of Law and National
Published: June 2024

This article reflects the results of a scientific experiment caused by a discussion about the possibility of replacing scientists with neural networks. The development of digital technologies today raises many controversial issues in science and legal practice. One of the most popular is the question of how to ensure human protection in the context of the transformation of inviolable rights and freedoms: information, privacy and inviolability. The large-scale spread of new technologies poses many questions to the regulator, one of which is the question of finding a balance between the right to information and the need to ensure the protection of personal data in a dynamic and constantly evolving Internet environment. Such a choice is faced by the legislator due to the fact that the spread of innovations involves constant work with personal data, accelerating their exchange, storage and protection. The introduction of digital technologies is beneficial for the development of public services, interaction and control, which ultimately leads to increased efficiency and accelerated information exchange for citizens and legal entities. Taking into account the progressive development of artificial intelligence technologies, it was quite interesting to conduct an experiment comparing the answers to the question of maintaining a balance between the right to information and the need to protect personal data given by scientists and artificial intelligence, in particular, the YandexGPT2 neural network. The responses of the neural network are analyzed for compliance with the main criteria of scientific work: reliability, objectivity and novelty, and are evaluated in comparison with the response of the authors of the scientific article.
Legal Means of the Organization of Investing in the Digital Economy
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ilyukhina Diana Yu.
Published: June 2024

Investing in the digital economy is characterized by distant virtual interaction between subjects of investment relations which requires simplification and automation of the procedure for cooperation between them. Terms and conditions of relations are detailed not in the agreements themselves but in accompanying documents that act as legal means of the organization of investing in the digital economy. In the author’s opinion, digital platform rules, investment declarations and investment offers can act as such means.
Public Procurement Laws of Russia and South Korea
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law, Chief Operating Officer of the Public Procurements and Law Academic Center of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University,, Kichik Kuzma V.
Published: June 2024

The author compares centralized (in South Korea) and decentralized (in Russia) procurement systems, identifies similarities and differences in the legal regulation of relations in the field of public procurement in Russia and South Korea. The author compares the information systems in the field of procurement of the two countries and the procurement methods used by them. Special attention in the article is paid to issues related to the functioning of registers of unscrupulous suppliers.
Notarial Actions as an Efficient Means of Protection of Corporate Rights
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Law Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Koryagin Denis A.
Published: June 2024

rantee of public authenticity for third parties cooperating with parties to corporate relations. The preferable term to use in respect of notarial actions in the corporate sphere is “protection means” as this term is a universal and generalizing concept that includes means that determine the right protection form and means that determine the protection method. The term protection is used in respect of notarial actions rather than defense of corporate rights because notarial activities are aimed in this case at prevention of a violation of rights through creation of legal certainty, the initiative is promoted by parties to corporate relations who engage notaries in legally established cases or voluntarily to ensure public authenticity of corporate resolutions, acts, agreements.
A Review of the Study Guide by S.V. Lonskaya: Practical Methods of Teaching in the Conditions of the Digital Transformation: History of Law in the Higher School. Moscow : INFRA-M, 2023. 219 p.
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Public Policy and History of State and Law of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, LL.D., Professor, Nemytina Marina V.
Published: June 2024

Purpose. Increasing the effectiveness of teaching historical and legal disciplines, ensuring their connection with the profession, combining the retrospective analysis of law with digital technologies within the framework of the educational process and the formation of thinking and skills of a lawyer on this basis. Methodology: the principle of historicism, dialectics, synergetics, digital humanities, legal source studies, juridical and technical methods. Conclusions. The need to improve the teaching of historical and legal disciplines using digital technologies. Scientific and practical significance. Introduction of new types of communication into the educational process of law schools, transmission of time-tested legal material and information on the history of law and state using digitalization tools, increasing students’ interest in mastering historical and legal disciplines.
The Financial Law Regulation of the Procedure for the Initial Public and Secondary Placement of Securities in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Teaching Assistant of the Department of Financial Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Karpov Kirill A.
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the initial public offering (IPO) of shares in comparison with pre-IPO and SPO. Various doctrinal points of view on the IPO procedure are revealed. The author reveals the features of the financial and legal regulation of IPO, which is carried out by the mega-regulator in the financial market – the Bank of Russia. It is also noted in the work that the further development of the Institute of digital Financial assets (CFA) will significantly use its capabilities for public placement of assets in the Russian Federation.
Taxation of Personal Income: Challenging Aspects
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Financial and Administrative Law of the Law Institute of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Kalimullina Leysan R.
Published: June 2024

The concept of income covers the possibility of obtaining material benefits from a variety of sources. The Tax Code of the Russian Federation regulates the rules according to which tax is calculated and levied on various incomes. However, the taxation of winnings on interactive bets is characterized by the greatest problem. The author suggests his own approach to solving a number of problems related to the taxation of winnings from participating in an online sweepstake.
Anti-Russian Sanctions and the Legal Basis for Special Economic Measures
Authors:   PhD candidate of the International Law Faculty of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) under Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Ryzhkova Irina V.
Published: June 2024

This article raises the question of the legality of using the concept of "sanctions" as unilateral restrictive measures, analyzes the legal basis of special economic measures, as well as measures of influence (counteraction) aimed at protecting the financial sovereignty of the Russian Federation.