bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: Functional assessment of behavior in complex diagnoses: A transdiagnostic approach
Authors: Han Gloria T. , Gold Andrea L. , Righi Giulia , Garcia Abbe Marrs , Egolf Amy
Published: July 2020

“Nadine,” a 10‐year‐old female, was referred by her outpatient psychiatrist to the Bradley Hospital Partial Hospital Program for OCD and Related Disorders (OCD PHP) for intensive treatment of her unusual, dangerous, and obsession‐like interests, combined with frequent, severe, and developmentally inappropriate tantrum outbursts. These symptoms continued to elicit chronically high levels of family distress and impairment, despite years of interdisciplinary treatments. Nadine expressed a fascination with sharp objects, including knives. Her verbal and nonverbal behaviors reflected her experience of feeling compelled to interact with sharp objects, placing her parents in a constant state of “high‐alert” risk monitoring and management. Her fixations and unsafe behaviors had previously resulted in multiple hospitalizations to remove objects that she “could not resist” swallowing or pressing into her ears. Nadine's ongoing high risk of harm to herself, parents, and peers required constant monitoring at home and at her therapeutic school. Additionally, these and co‐occurring symptoms led Nadine's parents to engage in extremely high levels of accommodation, in which they modified their own behaviors and family lifestyle in attempts to reduce Nadine's distress and circumvent her unsafe behaviors and tantrum outbursts. For example, they removed sharp objects from Nadine's immediate environment, both in and out of their home, and at times avoided entering otherwise safe and positive environments because of potential exposure to sharps, such as going out to stores, restaurants, or peer playdates.
Treatments for substance use disorders for teens and young adults
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: July 2020

Parents can often be completely confused by the array of treatments for young people with substance use disorders (SUDs). This puts them at the mercy of the internet, where there may or may not be evidence‐based treatments available but a toll‐free call will link you to someone willing to take your money if you have it, and where desperate parents may not know how to choose between treatments.
Divide et impera: How disentangling common and distinctive variability in multiset data analysis can aid industrial process troubleshooting and understanding
Authors: Vitale Raffaele , de Noord Onno E. , Westerhuis Johan A. , Smilde Age K. , Ferrer Alberto
Published: June 2020

The possibility of addressing the problem of process troubleshooting and understanding by modelling common and distinctive sources of variation (factors or components) underlying two sets of measurements was explored in a real‐world industrial case study. The used strategy includes a novel approach to systematically detect the number of common and distinctive components. An extension of this strategy for the analysis of a larger number of data blocks, which allows the comparison of data from multiple processing units, is also discussed.
Three‐way clustering around latent variables approach with constraints on the configurations to facilitate interpretation
Authors: Cariou Véronique , Alexandre‐Gouabau Marie‐Cécile , Wilderjans Tom F.
Published: June 2020

The set‐up of comprehensive studies in life sciences involving a longitudinal dimension—as appears in time‐scale metabolomics—calls for the use of dimension reduction techniques for three‐way data structures (e.g., samples by variables by time points). For this purpose, a clustering around latent variables for three‐way data approach, CLV3W, has been proposed. CLV3W aims at both partitioning the variables into nonoverlapping clusters and estimating within each cluster a rank‐one Parafac model consisting of a latent component (resp. a weighting system) associated with the first mode (resp. third mode) and a vector of loadings reflecting the degree of closeness of each variable of the second mode to its cluster. In this paper, two constrained CLV3W models are discussed. First, a nonnegativity constraint is defined implying that clusters are composed of positively correlated variables. Second, it is proposed to constrain the weighting system to be the same for all clusters. These two constraints aim at providing more parsimonious models with configurations that are easier to interpret. The appropriateness of both constraints is evaluated in a simulation study and illustrated on two case studies pertaining to sensory evaluation and metabolomics data. Regarding the first case study, CLV3W yields the identification of two consumer segments together with one common emotional pleasantness dimension associated with coffee aromas. CLV3W analysis of human preterm breast milk metabolomics data provided three clusters of lipid species that are responsible for specific functions (i.e., milk fat globules membrane‐constituents, fatty acid oxidation‐products, lipid mediators as eicosanoids and endocannabinoids).
Moore–Penrose generalized inverse mixture design applied in low‐density dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Bazzana Matheus Julien Ferreira , Saczk Adelir Aparecida , Faria Letícia Rodrigues , Campos João Pedro , Alves Nadja Gomes , Borges Cleber Nogueira
Published: June 2020

The modification in the nutritional composition of the ruminant diet causes significant alterations in the fatty acids (FAs) structure supplemented because of the action of rumen microorganisms. The modification in the FAs structure alters the role that these play in the ruminant metabolism. The Folch method is the most often used to determine fatty acids in these animals' tissues and presents certain disadvantages such as the great volume of solvent and low mass transfer from the analyte to the extracting phase. Thus, we tested the low‐density dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (LD‐DLLME) as an alternative method to determine these substances. In this paper, a simples‐augmented mixture design was used. The Scheffé's polynomial was applied in that design, and Moore–Penrose generalized matrix inverse was used because of the possibility of concurrently determining value estimates of coefficients of the parameters that represent cubic terms. The application of the modeling allowed the chemical interpretation of the LD‐DLLME best extraction condition for linoleic acid in ruminant serum samples.
Mechanism of Iodine(III)‐Promoted Oxidative Dearomatizing Hydroxylation of Phenols: Evidence for a Radical‐Chain Pathway
Authors: Kraszewski Karol , Tomczyk Ireneusz , Drabinska Aneta , Bienkowski Krzysztof , Solarska Renata , Kalek Marcin
Published: July 2020

The oxidative dearomatization of phenols with the addition of nucleophiles to the aromatic ring induced by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents and catalysts has emerged as a highly useful synthetic approach. However, experimental mechanistic studies of this important process have been extremely scarce. In this report, we describe systematic investigations of the dearomatizing hydroxylation of phenols using an array of experimental techniques. Kinetics, EPR spectroscopy, and reactions with radical probes demonstrate that the transformation proceeds by a radical‐chain mechanism, with a phenoxyl radical being the key chain‐carrying intermediate. Moreover, UV and NMR spectroscopy, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and cyclic voltammetry show that before reacting with the phenoxyl radical, the water molecule becomes activated by the interaction with the iodine(III) center, causing the Umpolung of this formally nucleophilic substrate. The radical‐chain mechanism allows the rationalization of all existing observations regarding the iodine(III)‐promoted oxidative dearomatization of phenols.
Construction of Rich Conductive Pathways from Bottom to Top: A Highly Efficient Charge‐Transfer System Used in Durable Li/Na‐Ion Batteries at −20 °C
Authors: Xue Yan , Li Huanhuan , Zhang Yuting , Zhuo Kelei , Bai Guangyue
Published: July 2020

The construction of potential electrode materials with wide temperature property for high‐energy‐density secondary batteries has attracted great interest in recent years. Herein, a hybrid electrode, consisting of a nitrogen‐doped carbon/α‐MnS/flake graphite composite (α‐MnS@N‐C/FG), is prepared through a post‐sulfurization route. In the α‐MnS@N‐C/FG composite, α‐MnS nanoparticles wrapped by the N−C layer are uniformly embedded onto FG, forming a novel nanofoam structure. The as‐obtained α‐MnS@N‐C/FG shows excellent lithium/sodium storage performance, with a specific capacity of 712 mA h g−1 in the 700th cycle at 1.0 A g−1 or 186.4 mA h g−1 in the 100th cycle at 100 mA g−1 using lithium or sodium foil as the counter electrode, respectively. Moreover, even operated at −20 °C, the α‐MnS@N‐C/FG can still attain a high specific capacity of 350 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at 100mA g−1 for LIBs. This exceptional electrochemical response is attributed to the synergetic effect of the smart design of a hybrid nanofoam structure, in which the FG skeleton and N‐C coating layer can significantly enhance the conductivity of the whole electrode from bottom to top. Accordingly, the enhanced redox kinetics endow the electrode with pseudocapacitive‐dominated electrochemical behavior, leading to fast electrode reactions and robust structural stability in the whole electrode.
Chalcogen‐Bonding Interactions in Telluroether Heterocycles [Te(CH2)m]n(n=1–4;m=3–7)
Authors: Rodewald Marko , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Niksch Tobias , Görls Helmar , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Weigand Wolfgang , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: July 2020

The Te⋅⋅⋅Te secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) in solid cyclic telluroethers were explored by preparing and structurally characterizing a series of [Te(CH2)m]n(n=1–4;m=3–7) species. The SBIs in 1,7‐Te2(CH2)10, 1,8‐Te2(CH2)12, 1,5,9‐Te3(CH2)9, 1,8,15‐Te3(CH2)18, 1,7,13,19‐Te4(CH2)20, 1,8,15,22‐Te4(CH2)24and 1,9,17,25‐Te4(CH2)28lead to tubular packing of the molecules, as has been observed previously for related thio‐ and selenoether rings. The nature of the intermolecular interactions was explored by solid‐state PBE0‐D3/pob‐TZVP calculations involving periodic boundary conditions. The molecular packing in 1,7,13,19‐Te4(CH2)20, 1,8,15,22‐Te4(CH2)24and 1,9,17,25‐Te4(CH2)28forms infinite shafts. The electron densities at bond critical points indicate a narrow range of Te⋅⋅⋅Te bond orders of 0.12–0.14. The formation of the shafts can be rationalized by frontier orbital overlap and charge transfer.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: With or Without Carbenes?
Authors: Gehrke Sascha , Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: July 2020

In this work the mechanism of the aldehyde umpolung reactions, catalyzed by azolium cations in the presence of bases, was studied through computational methods. Next to the mechanism established by Breslow in the 1950s that takes effect through the formation of a free carbene, we have suggested that these processes can follow a concerted asynchronous path, in which the azolium cation directly reacts with the substrate, avoiding the formation of the carbene intermediate. We hereby show that substituting the azolium cation, and varying the base or the substrate do not affect the preference for the concerted reaction mechanism. The concerted path was found to exhibit low barriers also for the reactions of thiamine with model substrates, showing that this path might have biological relevance. The dominance of the concerted mechanism can be explained through the specific structure of the key transition state, avoiding the liberation of the highly reactive, and thus unstable carbene lone pair, whereas activating the substrate through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Polar and hydrogen‐bonding solvents, as well as the presence of the counterions of the azolium salts facilitate the reaction through carbenes, bringing the barriers of the two reaction mechanisms closer, in many cases making the concerted path less favorable. Thus, our data show that by choosing the exact components in a reaction, the mechanism can be switched to occur with or without carbenes.
Light‐Promoted Organocatalysis with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Mavroskoufis Andreas , Jakob Michael , Hopkinson Matthew N.
Published: July 2020

The combination of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐organocatalysis with photochemical activation can lead to unprecedented reaction pathways not observed without light. A selection of dual catalytic systems merging NHCs with photoredox catalysis, for example, have leveraged the ability of NHCs to stabilize intermediate radical species and facilitate single electron transfer events. Furthermore, NHCs can transiently modulate the photochemical properties of a substrate and enable direct absorption of otherwise photoinactive organic compounds. In this Concept article, the recent advances in this rapidly developing field are summarized. For each transformation, a particular focus is placed on the mechanistic aspects of the process while key features that highlight the synthetic potential of the light mediated NHC organocatalysis are presented.
Can We Increase Economic Return from Sugarbeet with Slow‐Release Nitrogen Additions?
Authors: Chatterjee A.
Published: July 2020

Fertilizer N management is critical for sugarbeet production. A field experiment was conducted to compare Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) with urea applied at 90, 120, and 150 lb N/ac for sugarbeet production in the Red River Valley of Minnesota during the 2017–2018 growing seasons. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/743.
Rethinking trophic niches: Speed and body mass colimit prey space of mammalian predators
Authors: Hirt Myriam R. , Tucker Marlee , Müller Thomas , Rosenbaum Benjamin , Brose Ulrich
Published: June 2020

Realized trophic niches of predators are often characterized along a one‐dimensional range in predator–prey body mass ratios. This prey range is constrained by an “energy limit” and a “subdue limit” toward small and large prey, respectively. Besides these body mass ratios, maximum speed is an additional key component in most predator–prey interactions.

Here, we extend the concept of a one‐dimensional prey range to a two‐dimensional prey space by incorporating a hump‐shaped speed‐body mass relation. This new “speed limit” additionally constrains trophic niches of predators toward fast prey.

To test this concept of two‐dimensional prey spaces for different hunting strategies (pursuit, group, and ambush predation), we synthesized data on 63 terrestrial mammalian predator–prey interactions, their body masses, and maximum speeds.

We found that pursuit predators hunt smaller and slower prey, whereas group hunters focus on larger but mostly slower prey and ambushers are more flexible. Group hunters and ambushers have evolved different strategies to occupy a similar trophic niche that avoids competition with pursuit predators. Moreover, our concept suggests energetic optima of these hunting strategies along a body mass axis and thereby provides mechanistic explanations for why there are no small group hunters (referred to as “micro‐lions”) or mega‐carnivores (referred to as “mega‐cheetahs”).

Our results demonstrate that advancing the concept of prey ranges to prey spaces by adding the new dimension of speed will foster a new and mechanistic understanding of predator trophic niches and improve our predictions of predator–prey interactions, food web structure, and ecosystem functions.
Optimizing the widely used nuclear protein‐coding gene primers in beetle phylogenies and their application in the genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Huang Weidong , Xie Xiufeng , Peng Feng , Liang Xinyue , Wang Xingmin , Chen Xiaosheng
Published: June 2020

Advances in genomic biology and the increasing availability of genomic resources allow developing hundreds of nuclear protein‐coding (NPC) markers, which can be used in phylogenetic research. However, for low taxonomic levels, it may be more practical to select a handful of suitable molecular loci for phylogenetic inference. Unfortunately, the presence of degenerate primers of NPC markers can be a major impediment, as the amplification success rate is low and they tend to amplify nontargeted regions. In this study, we optimized five NPC fragments widely used in beetle phylogenetics (i.e., two parts of carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase: CADXM and CADMC, Topoisomerase, Wingless and Pepck) by reducing the degenerate site of primers and the length of target genes slightly. These five NPC fragments and 6 other molecular loci were amplified to test the monophyly of the coccinellid genus Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg. The analysis of our molecular data set clearly supported the genus Sasajiscymnus may be monophyletic but confirmation with an extended sampling is required. A fossil‐calibrated chronogram was generated by BEAST, indicating an origin of the genus at the end of the Cretaceous (77.87 Myr). Furthermore, a phylogenetic informativeness profile was generated to compare the phylogenetic properties of each gene more explicitly. The results showed that COI provides the strongest phylogenetic signal among all the genes, but Pepck, Topoisomerase, CADXM and CADMC are also relatively informative. Our results provide insight into the evolution of the genus Sasajiscymnus, and also enrich the molecular data resources for further study.
In‐site investigation of regional outburst prevention in coal roadway strip of a deep mine using an improved method
Authors: Yang Huiming , Wang Zhonghua , Zhang Yongjiang , Cao Jianjun , Liu Yanbao , Yang Xuelin , Li Chengcheng
Published: July 2020

With the increase of mining depth, the occurrence mechanism of coal and gas outburst becomes more complex, and stress‐dominated outburst disaster has become one of the major safety problems in deep coal mines. Therefore, stress relief of coal seam has become an urgent technical demand for outburst prevention method in deep mines. In this study, based on zonal disintegration characteristics of deep surrounding rock, a regional strip outburst prevention method, called strip stress relief combined with gas extraction through stress‐relief floor roadway, was proposed, and relevant in‐site investigations were carried out in the Qujiang coal mine in China. Our results show that the zonal disintegration phenomenon occurs in the high‐stress surrounding rock at great depths, and induces the stress‐relief effect on the upper coal seam, in which the permeability and extraction radius of boreholes are increased greatly. The results of deformation and failure of surrounding rock of floor roadway show that from the surface to deep regions, fractured and nonfractured zones were alternatively distributed in the surrounding rock of deep floor roadways, the damage degree of surrounding rock was gradually weakened, and the width of fractured area was gradually reduced. The displacement of surrounding rock also presented the characteristics of alternative distribution of wave peak and trough. Moreover, the deformation and failure of surrounding rock presented a time‐dependent rheological behavior. In the stress‐relief zone, the coal seam permeability was enhanced significantly, with the maximum value being 43 times larger than that of the original coal seam. The effective gas extraction radius of the borehole was improved by 15%‐45%. During the driving period of coal roadways, the outburst risk prediction indexes K1 and S of the working face were lower than the critical value, and the driving speed of the coal roadway improved from 40 m per month to 100 m per month. This indicates that the proposed strip regional outburst prevention method can simultaneously reduce the ground stress and the gas content, and can effectively eliminate the outburst risk of coal roadway in deep mines.
Transcriptomic analysis of photosynthesis‐related genes regulated by alternate wetting and drying irrigation in flag leaves of rice
Authors: Song Tao , Yang Feng , Das Debatosh , Chen Moxian , Hu Qijuan , Tian Yuan , Cheng Chaolin , Liu Yue , Zhang Jianhua
Published: July 2020

Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation has been widely used to replace continuous flooding (CF), which does not result in yield loss while improving water productivity. However, it is still unexplored as to how this agricultural practice would affect gene expression to control plant physiology. In this study, we found that photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and leaf water potential (Lwp) significantly decreased while abscisic acid (ABA) content and water use efficiency (WUE) increased when soil water potential reached to −15 kPa in the AWD irrigation regime. We then analyzed the differences between AWD and CF irrigation practices in transcriptomic profiles for flag leaves. Genes were found to be differentially expressed in photosynthesis related pathways namely, Chl biosynthesis, photosynthesis‐antenna proteins pathway, photosynthesis process, and ABA signal transduction pathway. The study provides important information on the morphological adaptations observed in the flag leaves in response to AWD irrigation, which will act as a basic framework to conduct molecular studies for improving rice cultivation.
Gynecological surgeries during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Turkey
Authors: Keles Esra , Akis Serkan , Kemal Ozturk Ugur , Eser Ozyurek Sefik , Api Murat
Published: July 2020

Surgery can continue safely during the pandemic in a specialty hospital that does not accept COVID‐19‐positive patients.
Case of post‐orgasmic illness syndrome associated with hypogonadism
Authors: Takeshima Teppei , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Yumura Yasushi
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Post‐orgasmic illness syndrome is a rare condition that occurs after ejaculation and persists for 2–7 days and is characterized by flu‐like symptoms, which can significantly reduce quality of life.

Case presentation

A 21‐year‐old unmarried man was referred to our hospital due to flu‐like symptoms that developed after ejaculation by masturbation and persisted for about 2 days. The patient’s free testosterone level was slightly lower than normal. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were initially administered and helped relieve headache and muscle pain. Thereafter, the patient was able to ejaculate three times a week. In addition, after administering testosterone enanthate once or twice a month, his general fatigue significantly improved, and he could ejaculate every day.

Conclusion

The pathophysiology of post‐orgasmic illness syndrome has not been fully elucidated. The treatments for this condition must be accurately selected according to pathophysiology.
Histone demethylase JHDM2A regulates H3K9 dimethylation in response to arsenic‐induced DNA damage and repair in normal human liver cells
Authors: Zhang An‐liu , Tang Shun‐fang , Yang Yue , Li Chang‐zhe , Ding Xue‐jiao , Zhao Hua , Wang Jun‐hua , Yang Guang‐hong , Li Jun
Published: July 2020

Long‐term arsenic exposure is a worldwide public health problem that causes serious harm to human health. The liver is the main target organ of arsenic toxicity; arsenic induces disruption of the DNA damage repair pathway, but its mechanisms remain unclear. In recent years, studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic‐induced lesions. In this study, we conducted experiments in vitro using normal human liver cells (L‐02) to explore the mechanism by which the histone demethylase JHDM2A regulates H3K9 dimethylation (me2) in response to arsenic‐induced DNA damage. Our results indicated that arsenic exposure upregulated the expression of JHDM2A, downregulated global H3K9me2 modification levels, increased the H3K9me2 levels at the promoters of base excision repair (BER) genes (N‐methylpurine‐DNA glycosylase [MPG], XRCC1 and poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase 1) and inhibited their expression levels, causing DNA damage in cells. In addition, we studied the effects of overexpression and inhibition of JHDM2A and found that JHDM2A can participate in the molecular mechanism of arsenic‐induced DNA damage via the BER pathway, which may not be involved in the BER process because H3K9me2 levels at the promoter region of the BER genes were unchanged following JHDM2A interference. These results suggest a potential mechanism by which JHDM2A can regulate the MPG and XRCC1 genes in the process of responding to DNA damage induced by arsenic exposure and can participate in the process of DNA damage repair, which provides a scientific basis for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms and treatments for endemic arsenic poisoning.
CircHN1 affects cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Maoye , Zang Xueyan , Mao Zheying , Chen Yanke , Mao Fei , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2020

Background

Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dysregulated in human cancers. The biological roles of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well‐characterized.

Methods

The GEO database was used to analyze circRNA expression profile in GC. The expression level of target circRNA in tumor tissues and adjacent non‐tumor tissues was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. Gene transfection was used to manipulate the expression of circRNAs. The biological roles of circRNAs in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting, colony formation, transwell migration, Matrigel invasion, and mouse xenograft tumor assays. The interactions between circRNAs and miRNAs were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays.

Results

We found that circHN1 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines compared to adjacent non‐tumor tissues and normal gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, circHN1 silencing significantly promoted GC cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion, whereas circHN1 overexpression had the opposite effects. CircHN1 overexpression also suppressed gastric cancer growth in the mouse xenograft tumor model. CircHN1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of GC cells and could bind to AGO2. MiR‐1248 and miR‐375 were predicted to interact with circHN1 by bioinformatic analyses. MiR‐1248 and miR‐375 overexpression inhibited the activity of the circHN1 luciferase reporter.

Conclusion

CircHN1 is aberrantly expressed in GC and affects the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by acting as miRNA sponge.
Accurate assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease lesions in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone platform: A proof of concept
Authors: Cesaretti Manuela , Gal Jocelyn , Bouveyron Charles , Diaspro Alberto , Fontas Eric , Antonini Andrea , Anty Rodolphe , Iannelli Antonio , Patouraux Stephanie
Published: July 2020

Macrovesicular steatosis (MS) is a major risk factor for liver graft failure after transplantation and pathological microscopic examination of a frozen tissue section remains the gold standard for its assessment. However, the latter requires an experienced in‐house pathologist for correct and rapid diagnosis as well as specific equipment that is not always available. Smartphones, which are must‐have tools for everyone, are very suitable for incorporation into promising technology to generate moveable diagnostic tools as for telepathology. The study aims to compare the microscopic assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone microscopy platform (DIPLE device) to standard light microscopy. Forty‐two liver graft biopsies were evaluated in transmitted light, using an iPhone X and the microscopy platform. A significant correlation was reported between the two different approaches for graft MS assessment (Spearman's correlation coefficient: r = .93; p < .001) and for steatohepatitis feature (r = .56; p < .001; r = .45; p < .001). Based on these findings, a smartphone integrated with a cheap microscopy platform can achieve adequate accuracy in the assessment of NAFLD in liver graft and could be used as an alternative to standard light microscopy when the latter is unavailable.
ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles promoted green synthesis of pyrazolo pyrimidinones: Study of antioxidant activity
Authors: Ghoorchibeigi Mona , Larijani Kambiz , Azar Parviz A. , Zare Karim , Mehregan Iraj
Published: July 2020

The preparation of pyrazolo pyrimidinone derivatives was performed by using five component reactions of phthalaldehyde, cyanomethylamine, electron deficient acetylenic compounds, isocyanate, hydrazine, and catalytic amounts of ZnO/Fe3O4‐magnetic nanoparticles as a high performance catalyst under ultrasonic conditions at ambient temperature in aquause media at room temperature. It should be mentioned that this catalyst was prepared using Spinacia oleracea water extract. In addition, for investigation of antioxidant ability, radical trapping by DPPH and reducing power of ferric ion experiments was performed. As a result, synthesized compounds show excellent radical trapping by DPPH and good reducing ability of ferric ion. The current procedure has the benefits for instance excellent yield of reaction, green media, and easy separation of product and catalyst.
Experimental assessment and implications of long‐term within‐trap mineralization of seston in lake trapping studies
Authors: Radbourne Alan D. , Ryves David B.
Published: July 2020

Sediment trapping is a widely accepted technique in lake studies for analyzing seasonal limnological events and can provide insight into ecological succession as well as the seasonal dynamics of organic and inorganic fluxes. More recently, organic flux measurement from traps has been especially important in estimating whole‐lake C sequestration as a basis for regional and global upscaling of C budgets across lake types. However, in‐trap mineralization or dissolution of components of collected sediment (seston) has not been systematically examined, and thus a reliable correction factor for in‐trap losses of various sedimentary fluxes (especially those involving organic carbon) is still unknown. This experimental study assesses the loss of algal biomass representative of a 6‐month carousel‐type (closed) sediment trap deployment in a deep, eutrophic lake under cold (~ 5°C) and anoxic ambient conditions typical of the hypolimnion in stratifying, temperate lakes. Results show a loss of organic matter (OM) at a consistent rate over 180 d, reducing the fraction of initial OM content by approximately a third after 180 d of deployment (linear regression of OM fraction loss = −0.001864t). The significance of these findings is demonstrated by application to published trap data; at Rostherne Mere, UK, which implies that annual OM fluxes are underestimated by 18.2% on average (range 13.7–23.2%). This highlights the far‐reaching implications for lake sediment trap methodology and our understanding of seston taphonomy, suggesting a mineralization correction factor for OM should be applied to traps deployed for longer than 1 week. With loss correction factored in, this study supports the reliability of longer‐term (i.e., ~ 6 months) sediment trap deployment.
A biomechanical finite element model to generate a library of cervix CTVs
Authors: Beekman Chris , van Beek Suzanne , Stam Jikke , Sonke Jan‐Jakob , Remeijer Peter
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To generate a series of physiologically plausible cervix CTVs by biomechanically modeling organ deformation as a consequence of bladder filling. This series can serve as planning CTVs for radiotherapy treatment of cervical cancer patients using a library of plans (LoP) strategy.

Methods

The model was constructed based on the full and empty bladder scans of 20 cervical cancer patients, for which the bladder, rectum and the clinical target volume (CTV) of the cervix were delineated. Finite element modeling (FEM) was used to deform empty to full bladder anatomy. This deformation comprised two steps. In the first step, the surfaces of the bladder and rectum of the empty bladder anatomy were explicitly deformed to the full bladder anatomy and imported as enforced displacements into the biomechanical model. These surface displacements cause volumetric deformations of the bladder, rectum and cervix CTV meshes, dictated by their respective elastic properties and the type of contact among them. In the second step, the residual offset between the simulated and target CTV was corrected by an additional thin plate spline warp. Intermediate structural outputs of a linear superposition of the biomechanical and residual warp then constituted the library of CTVs for each patient. The residual warp was minimized by optimizing the FEM parameters over the 20 patients. Finally, the model was tested for nine healthy volunteers for which repeat MR scans were available as the bladder filled from empty to full. Small and large movers were identified depending on the extent of CTV motion, and analyzed separately. The proposed method was compared against the method currently used in our institute, in which intermediate structures are linearly interpolated between full and empty bladder anatomy, using a thin plate spline warp. The comparison metrics used were the ability to preserve CTV volume throughout the deformation, and residual offsets between repeat and library CTV.

Results

Optimal model parameters were found to be compatible with published values. While for the current method, the median CTV volume shrunk by 4% for large movers halfway the deformation (and by up to 10% for individual cases), the proposed FEM‐based method preserved CTV volumes throughout the deformation. Regional residual errors between repeat and library CTV reduced by up to 3 mm when averaged over the group of large movers. For individual cases this regional error reduction could be as large as 8 mm.

Conclusions

We developed a robust and automatic method to create a patient‐specific FEM‐based LoP. The FEM‐based method resulted in more accurate library of planning CTVs as compared to the current method, with the greatest improvements observed for patients with large CTV motion. The biomechanical model simulates volumetric deformations from empty to full bladder anatomy, paving the way for dose accumulation in an LoP setting.
40‐MHz high‐frequency vector Doppler imaging for superficial venous valve flow estimation
Authors: Huang Hsin , Chen Pei‐Yu , Huang Chih‐Chung
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Doppler ultrasound imaging has been used widely for diagnosing vascular diseases. Recently, vector Doppler imaging (VDI) has been proposed for visualizing the blood flow in all directions to yield more detailed information for estimating flow conditions. Increasing the resolution of VDI is important for the structural mapping of superficial vessels with microstructure. However, VDI that operates under a high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS; >30 MHz) is rare. In this study, a 40‐MHz high‐frequency VDI (HFVDI) based on ultrafast ultrasound imaging was developed to obtain the vector information of blood flow around the superficial venous valve.

Methods

The use of HFUS imaging system causes an overload of data acquisition easily. In order to provide sufficient recording time, the frame rate should be reduced. Because the aliasing problem worsens due to a low frame rate when operating Doppler imaging, phase‐unwrapping processing methods based on spatial and temporal continuities were applied. Flow phantom experiments were performed to validate the accuracy. In vivo experiments were performed on the valve of superficial veins of healthy volunteers.

Results

The experimental results from the phantom study indicated that the error of velocity estimation was <10% in most cases. Dynamic changes of valve movements and flow conditions (including velocity profiles and vector) were observed. Because of the high resolution of HFVDI, the jet and vortex phenomena were observed between the leaflets and in the sinus pocket, respectively.

Conclusions

Flow velocities ranging from 2 to 15 mm/s were measured at different locations around the venous valve during the opening and closing phases. All the results indicated that HFVDI has the potential to be a useful tool for vessel duplex scanning.
Solarzellen mit Bismut statt Blei
Authors: Gangl Maurice , Ünlü Feray , Fischer Thomas , Mathur Sanjay , Banerji Amitabh
Published: July 2020

Organisch‐anorganische Hybrid‐Perowskite gelten als Wundermaterial für die Photovoltaik und werden weltweit erforscht. Allerdings können die Materialien Blei freisetzen und eignen sich daher nicht für Experimente in der Schule. Eine Alternative ist eine perowskitähnliche Solarzelle auf Rudorffit‐Basis, die verhältnismäßig preiswert und einfach selbst zu bauen ist.
Selen in Blutserum
Authors: Hupach Sascha
Published: July 2020

Bei der Analyse von Blut in der medizinischen Diagnostik kommt es manchmal darauf an, Spurenstoffe zu detektieren und zu bestimmen. Einer dieser Stoffe ist Selen, das für den menschlichen Organismus essenziell ist.
Vorhersagen aus Hochdurchsatzstudien
Authors: George Janine , Suta Markus
Published: July 2020

Sollen Materialien mit bestimmten Eigenschaften entwickelt werden, etwa Katalysatoren oder Solarzellen, ist es schwierig, die optimale Kombination dieser Eigenschaften zu finden. Automatisierte quantenchemische Rechnungen helfen dabei, Kandidaten zu identifizieren. Damit ergänzen sie die experimentelle Arbeit und erschließen sogar ganze Materialklassen.
Forschen will gelernt sein
Authors: Brandt Felix , Wolter Mario , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: July 2020

Nach wie vor beginnen die meisten Chemiestudierenden nach ihrem Abschluss mit einer Doktorarbeit. Um erfolgreich selbstständig wissenschaftlich arbeiten zu können, müssen sie im Studium aber nicht nur Fachwissen und praktische Fertigkeiten erwerben – sondern auch lernen, was Forschen bedeutet.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Strukturbiologie von Sars‐Cov‐2 mit NMR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Schwalbe Harald
Published: July 2020

Inzwischen können wir die zellulären Prozesse in lebenden Zellen verfolgen, und zwar mit subzellulärer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Auflösung im Nanometerbereich. Ob Ribosomen die richtigen Proteine herstellen oder eine Leseschwäche haben, lässt sich durch Ribosomenprofiling untersuchen. Und: Bisher haben intrinsische Dynamik und Heterogenität erschwert, die dreidimensionale Struktur von Multiproteinkomplexen zu bestimmen. Kryoelektronenmikroskopie erlaubt es nun, diese schwer greifbaren Maschinerien mit höchster Auflösung abzubilden.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Klare Sicht auf zelluläre Nanomaschinen
Authors: Trowitzsch Simon , Möller Arne
Published: July 2020

Inzwischen können wir die zellulären Prozesse in lebenden Zellen verfolgen, und zwar mit subzellulärer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Auflösung im Nanometerbereich. Ob Ribosomen die richtigen Proteine herstellen oder eine Leseschwäche haben, lässt sich durch Ribosomenprofiling untersuchen. Und: Bisher haben intrinsische Dynamik und Heterogenität erschwert, die dreidimensionale Struktur von Multiproteinkomplexen zu bestimmen. Kryoelektronenmikroskopie erlaubt es nun, diese schwer greifbaren Maschinerien mit höchster Auflösung abzubilden.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Ribosomenprofiling
Authors: Leidel Sebastian Andreas
Published: July 2020

Inzwischen können wir die zellulären Prozesse in lebenden Zellen verfolgen, und zwar mit subzellulärer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Auflösung im Nanometerbereich. Ob Ribosomen die richtigen Proteine herstellen oder eine Leseschwäche haben, lässt sich durch Ribosomenprofiling untersuchen. Und: Bisher haben intrinsische Dynamik und Heterogenität erschwert, die dreidimensionale Struktur von Multiproteinkomplexen zu bestimmen. Kryoelektronenmikroskopie erlaubt es nun, diese schwer greifbaren Maschinerien mit höchster Auflösung abzubilden.
„Plötzlich waren keine Studenten mehr da“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: July 2020

Wie forschen Chemiker, wenn sie nicht ins Labor dürfen? Analytiker und Anorganiker, Doktoranden und Professoren, Nachwuchsgruppenleiter und Grenzgänger über ihren Umgang mit Infektionsschutz, Zoom‐Meetings sowie den Spagat zwischen Heimarbeit und Kinderbetreuung.
Accuracy of Concert versus Independent Age Estimates Made from Anal Fin Rays of Muskellunge
Authors: Molina Joseph T. , Crane Derek P. , Bell Lindsey
Published: June 2020

Fisheries managers use age data to estimate important components of fish population dynamics. Age estimates for fishes are often made by multiple readers, and when readers disagree, they may view the structure together to determine a concert age estimate. Few studies have evaluated the accuracy of concert readings compared to independent readings. We used anal fin rays from 240 known-age Muskellunge Esox masquinongy to compare the accuracy and bias of age estimates from 10 independent readers and five reader pairs. We compared average difference from known age (bias) and absolute difference from known age (accuracy) between concert and independent estimates and used a bootstrap analysis to estimate the percentage of randomly sampled independent estimates that were as accurate or more accurate than concert estimates. Analyses were completed using the full data set (all estimates regardless of reader disagreement) and a subset (N = 127) including only samples for which there was disagreement between readers. Finally, we fit sex-specific von Bertalanffy growth models based on 5,000 bootstrap data sets for independent estimates and known age to investigate the effects of age estimation procedures on growth models. Overall, and when there was disagreement between readers, independent estimates were as accurate and less biased for fish older than age 12 compared to concert estimates. Independent estimates were as accurate or more accurate than concert estimates for 79% of bootstrap samples based on the full data set and 65% of bootstrap samples from the subset of data. Additionally, mean parameter estimates for von Bertalanffy growth models did not differ between models using randomly selected independent estimates and models using known ages. When completing studies that require age estimation, we recommend first verifying the utility of concert age estimates because if concert estimates do not improve accuracy, time may be saved by selecting one reader’s individual age estimate.
Measuring the Stability of Supramolecular Complexes in the Proximity of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Naranjo Teresa , Villalva Julia , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: July 2020

Invited for this month's cover is Emilio M. Pérez from IMDEA Nanociencia in Madrid. The cover picture shows the supramolecular association of an ammonium guest to a crown‐ether host which is covalently attached to a SWNT. In our manuscript, we show that the corresponding “KPOW!!” would be significantly louder for the binding of the free species in solution, in the absence of the SWNT. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.202000018.
Optiflow vs Vapotherm as extended weaning mode from nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants ≤ 28 weeks gestational age
Authors: Fernandez‐Alvarez J. Ramon , Mahoney Liam , Gandhi Rashmi , Rabe Heike
Published: July 2020

Introduction

Current evidence supports nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) weaning. Heated humidified high‐flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) reduces NCPAP time in infants less than 28 weeks gestational age (GA) without increasing morbidity. The aim of the study was to compare the two most frequently used HHFNC devices in weaning from NCPAP.

Methodology

We performed a retrospective matched‐pair case‐control study of infants less than or equal to 28 GA born in a single tertiary neonatal center managed with Optiflow or Vapotherm after being weaned from NCPAP. Patients were matched for antenatal steroid doses, delivery mode, birth plurality, GA, birthweight, gender, surfactant doses, length of mechanical ventilation, and length of NCPAP. Outcome measures were duration of HHFNC, low‐flow nasal cannula, nasal bridge lesions, pneumothorax, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal steroids, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, length of stay, discharge weight, and mortality. Results were displayed as median (interquartile range) or ratio (percentage). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann‐Whitney U and χ2 tests.

Results

70 patients were recruited retrospectively. Thirty‐five infants were weaned from NCPAP to Optiflow and 35 infants to Vapotherm with gestational ages and birthweights of 27 GA (26‐27) and 1010 g (835‐1165) and 27 GA (26‐28) and 960 g (788‐1191), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in any outcome measure. Infants managed with Vapotherm required a not statistically significant shorter length of time on HHFNC and low‐flow nasal cannula.

Conclusions

Optiflow and Vapotherm seem to be equally effective and safe for weaning from NCPAP. However, infants weaned to Vapotherm appear to spend less time on non‐invasive respiratory support.
A case report on hydroxychloroquine induced maculopapular rashes: The immunosuppressant and corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Sunil Kumar Salkapuram , Elumalai Karthikeyan , Eluri Kalpana , Elumalai Manogaran , Mallu Keerthana , Srinivasan Sivaneswari , Ranjan Chanda , Sivannan Srinivasan
Published: July 2020

Maculopapular rashes could even be an assortment of hasty characterized by grade, ruddy region on the skin that is secured with little intersecting bumps. During this case, a 55‐year‐old woman patient has developed maculopapular rashes over the body. It is a medical reaction caused because of the hydroxychloroquine, which the patient has taken for her joint pains. Simultaneous development of blisters over the forehead, scalp, upper and lower limbs, which eventually get ruptured and formed various erosions. This episode was once severe because of the repeated intake of hydroxychloroquine as a daily regimen. This hydroxychloroquine resulted in pustules that were investigated and excision biopsy of the ruptured erosion was once administered and verified as maculopapular rashes. The patient was treated with immunosuppression, systemic, and topical corticosteroids for a month for the management and treatment of the rashes.