bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Alquran Hadis Melalui Metode Tahfiz di Kelas II Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Raudhatul Ma’arif Muara Bungo
Authors: Syaifullah Arif , Firman Firman , Desyandri Desyandri
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Alquran Hadis khususnya dalam menghafal surah-surah pendek yang menjadi target tercapainya kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan metode tahfizpada mata pelajaran Alquran Hadis materi surah Al-Kafirun di kelas II MI Raudhatul Ma’arif Muara Bungo Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang telah dilakukan dalam dua siklus.Instrument yang digunakan adalah test hasil belajar berupa lembar tes yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pada hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran Alquran Hadis materi Surah Al-Kafirun dengan menggunakan metode Tahfiz pada siswa kelas II MI Raudhatul Ma’arif Muara Bungo.Meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat perubahannya dari siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil belajar siswa setelah dilakukan tindakan dengan menggunakan metode Tahfizpada siklus I hanya 15 siswa atau 65% yang mampu mencapai KKM dan pada siklus II setelah dilakukannya perbaikanmeningkat menjadi 23 siswa atau 100% yaitu semua siswa sudah mampu mencapai KKM yang ditentukan sekolah. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa “menggunakan metode tahfiz pada mata pelajaran Alquran Hadis dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di kelas II Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Raudhatul Ma’arif Muara Bungo tahun 2019”.
CUIDADOS RESPIRATORIOS PARA PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDADES NEUROMUSCULARES
Authors: Salinas Pamela , Prado Francisco , Pinchak Catalina , Herrero María Victoria , Giménez Gloria Concepción , García Carolina , Bach John Robert
Published: June 2021

Los cuidados respiratorios no invasivos, combinando la asistencia ventilatoria, inicialmente nocturna y luego durante las 24 h del día, incluso en pacientes con capacidad vital mínima, más la implementación de estrategias complementarias de tos asistida, respiración glosofaríngea y apilamiento de aire (air stacking) en forma activa o pasiva han contribuido a una mejor calidad de vida y sobrevida de los pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares. Resulta esencial que los profesionales de la salud, conozcan todas las opciones terapéuticas al informar a sus pacientes y sus familias, de modo que ellos puedan tomar sus mejores decisiones en la medida que la debilidad e hipoventilación progresen. Los avances tecnológicos, la capacitación de los pacientes y sus cuidadores facilitan su estadía en el hogar sin depender de instituciones o cuidados de enfermería permanentes, promoviendo su autonomía e integración, disminuyendo el riesgo de falla respiratoria conducente a intubación endotraqueal y/o a traqueostomia. Los días 24 y 25 de noviembre del 2016, en Montevideo tuvo lugar un encuentro de capacitación en cuidados respiratorios no invasivos con más de 200 profesionales médicos, kinesiólogos y licenciadas de enfermería, destacando los avances y experiencia consolidad por el Dr. John Bach en más de 30 años de ejercicio profesional en pacientes con síndromes de hipoventilación secundario a enfermedades neuromusculares y otras condiciones que debilitan la bomba respiratoria. Las recomendaciones claves se resumen en este articulo, destacando como estos avances requieren impulsar un cambio de paradigma en la forma en que los profesionales de la salud ven y tratan a estos individuos.
MALFORMACIÓN ADENOMATOIDEA QUÍSTICA Y RIESGO DE TUMORES MALIGNOS PULMONARES
Authors: Jorquera P Pablo , Madrid H Ricardo
Published: June 2021

La malformación adenomatoidea quística (MAQ) es la anomalía del desarrollo pulmonar más frecuente. El tratamiento habitual es la resección quirúrgica, no obstante existe controversia sobre el manejo en pacientes asintomáticos. La posible malignización de las lesiones quísticas es uno de los argumentos que justifican la cirugía en estos pacientes. Se ha descrito relación con blastoma pleuropulmonar, sin embargo no está claro si se trataría de una lesión quística que se maligniza o es una entidad diferente. También hay asociación con adenocarcinoma y rabdomiosarcoma . Actualmente se sugiere la resección quirúrgica como el tratamiento más adecuado, sin embargo la evolución natural de las lesiones quísticas pulmonares congénitas es incierta.
Lisans Öğrencilerinin Çevrimiçi Öğrenmeye Hazır Bulunuşluk Düzeyi ve Demografik Özellikleri Arasındaki İlişki: ESOGÜ Turizm Fakültesi Örneği
Authors: KONAK Seher
Published: June 2021

31 Aralık 2019 tarihinde ilk kez Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan daha sonra Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından salgın olarak ilan edilen Covid-19 ile birlikte üniversitelerdeki eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetleri kesintiye uğramıştır. Üniversitelerin ani bir şekilde kapanmasıyla birlikte eğitim kurumları uzaktan eğitim sistemlerine yönelmiştir. Bu nedenle, geleneksel eğitimden çevrim içi derslere geçiş yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma, Covid-19 salgını sürecinde turizm eğitimi alan lisans öğrencilerinin çevrim içi öğrenmeye hazırbulunuşluk düzeylerini belirlemeyi ve demografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, online anket tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Anket tekniğiyle toplanan verilerin analizinde, SPSS programı ile yüzde, frekans, t-testi ve varyans analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; lisans öğrencilerinin çevrim içi iletişim öz yeterliği ve öğrenen kontrolü yüksek; bilgisayar öz yeterliği ve kendi kendine öğrenme orta düzeyde ve e-öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon faktörü ise düşük olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma bulguları, lisans öğrencilerinin çevrim içi öğrenmeye hazır olduklarını göstermektedir. Covid-19 salgını sürecinde Türkiye’de çevrim içi eğitimlerin niceliğinin ve niteliğinin artırılması yönünde iyileştirmeler yapılması gerekmektedir.
Isolamento social, conversa e família em tempos de Covid-19
Authors: Wilken Gisele , Fonseca da Silva Dias Angélica
Published: June 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo refletir temas que estão no cotidiano da família e de como a conversa pode ser um recurso de prevenção e antecipação das possíveis barreiras que rondam a família como dinheiro, tempo, trabalho e divisão de tarefas. Uma amostra com 85 pessoas, sejam mulheres ou homens, que consideram-se responsáveis financeiramente e/ou cuidadores do lar com intuito de trazer os principais problemas do núcleo da família no contexto da pandemia e isolamento social. Este trabalho traz como resultado que o conceito de família é plural e o quanto a conversa pode beneficiá-la como modo de prevenção que poderia colocar a família em cheque no contexto de pandemia podendo deixá-los mais organizados, alinhados e adentrar com novos aprendizados os membros da família e torná-las mais sustentável perante a sociedade.
The impact of aerosol size-dependent hygroscopicity and mixing state on the cloud condensation nuclei potential over the north-east Atlantic
Authors: Xu Wei , Fossum Kirsten N. , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Lin Chunshui , Huang Ru-Jin , O'Dowd Colin , Ceburnis Darius
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We present an aerosol cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
closure study over the north-east Atlantic Ocean using six approximating
methods. The CCN number concentrations (NCCN) were measured at four
discrete supersaturations (SSs; 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 0.75 % and 1.0 %). Concurrently,
aerosol number size distribution, sub-saturation hygroscopic growth factor
and bulk PM1 chemical composition were obtained at matching time
resolution and after a careful data validation exercise. Method A used a
constant bulk hygroscopicity parameter κ of 0.3; method B used bulk
PM1 chemical composition measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer
(AMS); method C utilised a single growth factor (GF) size (165 nm) measured
by a humidified tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA); method D
utilised size-dependent GFs measured at 35, 50, 75, 110 and 165 nm; method E
divided the aerosol population into three hygroscopicity modes
(near-hydrophobic, more-hygroscopic and sea-salt modes), and the total CCN
number in each mode was cumulatively added up; method F used the full-size-scale GF probability density function (GF–PDF) in the most complex approach.
The studied periods included high-biological-activity and low-biological-activity seasons in clean marine and polluted continental air masses to
represent and discuss the most contrasting aerosol populations. Overall, a good agreement was found between estimated and measured NCCN
with linear regression slopes ranging from 0.64 to 1.6. The temporal
variability was captured very well, with Pearson's R value ranging from 0.76
to 0.98 depending on the method and air mass type. We further compared the
results of using different methods to quantify the impact of size-dependent
hygroscopicity and mixing state and found that ignoring size-dependent
hygroscopicity induced overestimation of NCCN by up to 12 %, and
ignoring a mixing state induced overestimation of NCCN by up to 15 %. The error induced by assuming an internal mixing in highly polluted
cases was largely eliminated by dividing the full GF–PDF into three
conventional hygroscopic modes, while assuming an internal mixing in clean
marine aerosol did not induce significant error.
Thermo-hydro-mechanical modelling study of heat extraction and flow processes in enhanced geothermal systems
Authors: Zhou Dejian , Tatomir Alexandru , Sauter Martin
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are widely used in the
development and application of geothermal energy production. They usually
consist of two deep boreholes (well doublet) circulation systems, with hot
water being abstracted, passed through a heat exchanger, and reinjected into
the geothermal reservoir. Recently, simple analytical solutions have been
proposed to estimate water pressure at the abstraction borehole.
Nevertheless, these methods do not consider the influence of complex
geometrical fracture patterns and the effects of the coupled thermal and
mechanical processes. In this study, we implemented a coupled
thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model to simulate the processes of heat
extraction, reservoir deformation, and groundwater flow in the fractured
rock reservoir. The THM model is validated with analytical solutions and
existing published results. The results from the systems of single fracture
zone and multi-fracture zones are investigated and compared. It shows that
the growth of the number and spacing of fracture zones can effectively
decrease the pore pressure difference between injection and abstraction
wells; it also increases the production temperature at the abstraction, the
service life-spans, and heat production rate of the geothermal reservoirs.
Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis on the flow rate is also implemented.
It is observed that a larger flow rate leads to a higher abstraction
temperature and heat production rate at the end of the simulation, but the
pressure difference may become lower.
Inferring the absorption properties of organic aerosol in biomass burning plumes from remote optical observations
Authors: Konovalov Igor B. , Golovushkin Nikolai A. , Beekmann Matthias , Panchenko Mikhail V. , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Light-absorbing organic matter, known as brown carbon (BrC), has previously been found to significantly enhance the absorption of solar radiation by biomass burning (BB) aerosol. Previous studies also proposed methods aimed at constraining the BrC contribution to the overall aerosol absorption using the absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) derived from the multi-wavelength remote observations at Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). However, representations of the BrC absorption in atmospheric models remain uncertain, particularly due to the high variability of the absorption properties of BB organic aerosol (OA). As a result, there is a need for stronger observational constraints on these properties. We extend the concept of the established AAE-based methods in the framework of our Bayesian method, which combines remote optical observations with Monte Carlo simulations of the aerosol absorption properties. We propose that the observational constraints on the absorption properties of BB OA can be enhanced by using the single scattering albedo (SSA) as part of the observation vector. The capabilities of our method were first examined by using synthetic data, which were intended to represent the absorption properties of BB aerosol originating from wildfires in Siberia. We found that observations of AAEs and SSA can provide efficient constraints not only on the BrC contribution to the total absorption but also on both the imaginary part of the refractive index and mass absorption efficiency of OA. As a result of the subsequent application of our method to the original multi-annual data from Siberian AERONET sites, we estimated that the average contribution of BrC to the overall light absorption by BB aerosol in Siberia at the 440 nm wavelength is about 15 %, although, in some cases, it can be more than 30 %. Based on the analysis of the AERONET data, we also derived simple nonlinear parameterizations for the absorption characteristics of BB OA in Siberia as functions of AAE.
Retrieval and parametrisation of sea-ice bulk density from airborne multi-sensor measurements
Authors: Jutila Arttu , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , von Albedyll Luisa , Krumpen Thomas , Haas Christian
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Knowledge of sea-ice thickness and volume depends on freeboard observations from satellite altimeters and in turn on information of snow mass and sea-ice density required for the freeboard-to-thickness conversion. These parameters, especially sea-ice density, are usually based on climatologies constructed from in situ observations made in the 1980s and before while contemporary and representative measurements are lacking. Our aim with this paper is to derive updated sea-ice bulk density estimates suitable for the present Arctic sea-ice cover and a range of ice types to reduce uncertainties in sea-ice thickness remote sensing. Our sea-ice density measurements are based on over 3000 km of high-resolution collocated airborne sea-ice and snow thickness and freeboard measurements in 2017 and 2019. Sea-ice bulk density is derived assuming isostatic equilibrium for different ice types. Our results show higher average bulk densities for both first-year ice (FYI) and especially multi-year ice (MYI) compared to previous studies. In addition, we find a small difference between deformed and possibly unconsolidated FYI and younger MYI. We find a negative-exponential relationship between sea-ice bulk density and sea-ice freeboard and apply this parametrisation to one winter of monthly gridded CryoSat-2 sea-ice freeboard data. We discuss the suitability and the impact of the derived FYI and MYI bulk densities for sea-ice thickness retrievals and the uncertainty related to the indirect method of measuring sea-ice bulk density. The results suggest that retrieval algorithms be adapted to changes in sea-ice density and highlight the need of future studies to evaluate the impact of density parametrisation on the full sea-ice thickness data record.
Response of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind 15 MW WindCrete and Activefloat floating wind turbines to wind and second-order waves
Authors: Mahfouz Mohammad Youssef , Molins Climent , Trubat Pau , Hernández Sergio , Vigara Fernando , Pegalajar-Jurado Antonio , Bredmose Henrik , Salari Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The EU Horizon 2020 project COREWIND (COst REduction and increase performance of floating WIND technology) has developed two floating platforms for the new International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine. One design – “WindCrete” – is a spar floater, and the other – “Activefloat” – is a semi-submersible floater; both designs are made of concrete. In this work the design of the floaters is introduced with their aero–hydro–servo-elastic numerical models, and the responses of both floaters in both static and dynamic simulations are investigated. The static displacements and natural frequencies are simulated and discussed. Additionally, the effects of the mean wave drift forces and second-order difference-frequency wave forces on the systems' responses are presented. The increase in the turbine's power capacity to 15 MW in IEA Wind model leads to an increase in inertial forces and aerodynamic thrust force when compared to similar floating platforms coupled to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10 MW reference model. The goal of this work is to investigate the floaters' responses for different load cases. The results in this paper suggest that at mild wave loads the motion responses of the 15 MW floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are dominated by low-frequency forces. Therefore, motions are dominated by the wind forces and second-order wave forces rather than the first-order wave forces. After
assessing and understanding the models' responses, the two 15 MW FOWT numerical reference models are publicly available to be used in the research and development of floating wind energy.
Las teorías del derecho de secesión: un análisis republicano
Authors: Pérez-Lozano Lluis , Fernández Manzano (Trad.) Juan Antonio
Published: June 2021

Los teóricos republicanos han prestado poca atención a los problemas normativos de los conflictos de secesión. Hasta ahora, no existe una teoría derecho de secesión (TDS) republicana y democrática, ni se ha llevado a cabo ningún análisis exhaustivo de las TDS actuales desde un punto de vista republicano-democrático. Este artículo intenta cubrir este segundo vacío como paso previo para abordar el primero. Al hacerlo, se muestra cómo los conflictos de secesión representan amenazas para dos valores republicanos democráticos centrales: libertad e inclusión. Estas amenazas son, concretamente, las de exclusión, chantaje de minorías, mayorías permanentes arbitrarias e inestabilidad. El artículo también muestra cómo, debido a sus respectivos sesgos pro-unionistas o pro-secesionistas, ninguna TDS actual está en disposición de afrontar esas amenazas, y describe brevemente cómo podría desarrollarse una TDS republicano-democrática basada en una lógica no unilateral.
Modulación ethopolítica de la existencia: una arqueología de lo político y la vida ética en Michel Foucault.
Authors: Torres Apablaza Iván
Published: June 2021

El artículo tiene por propósito fundamentar la presencia de una reconceptualización de lo político en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault, teniendo por clave de lectura la ethopolítica como propuesta conceptual. Se reconoce allí un concepto completamente enfrentado al modo en que la gubernamentalidad moderna, así como la tradición de pensamiento político, han entendido el sentido de la política en Occidente. Siguiendo este propósito, se plantea y desarrolla la hipótesis según la cual, el gesto analítico que persiste en el pensamiento de Michel Foucault es el de un concepto de lo político que afirma la vida en su radical exuberancia y desfundamentación. En dicha afirmación, se reconocen las signaturas de una estructura conceptual triangular, conformada por el pliegue entre vida, ética y poder. Luego de exponer el problema y despejar algunas dificultades metodológicas para su abordaje, se examinan en detalle las investigaciones que comprenden la arqueología de la vida ética en el filósofo francés. Se argumenta que la textualidad misma de la ethopolítica se formula como politicidad antes que como una política determinada, es decir, que se presenta como una política de la vida, puesto que la implica como modulación singular de la existencia. El artículo concluye con un umbral escritural compuesto de cinco tesis que intentan ampliar y proyectar hacia un programa de investigación, los rendimientos filosófico-políticos del análisis desarrollado.
Why My Patient's Urine Was Green in Intensive Care Unit ?
Authors: Balıkoğlu Ezgi , Arıkanoğlu Ahmet , Tüzen Ahmet Salih , Doktaş Elif Gözde , Girgin Senem , Karahan Nagihan , Aksun Murat
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Urine analysis is an important part of patient follow-up in intensive care unit (ICU). In this case report we aimed to examine the green colored urine image we see in our ICU and the conditions that may cause this. Case: A 70-year-old male patient was admitted to our ICU due to multilobar pneumonia. During the follow-up, he was intubated due to respiratory distress and15 mcg-1kg-1min propofol infusion was started for sedation. It was observed that the urine was green after 16 hours. Factors that could cause color change in urine were evaluated. Infusion was stopped due to similar cases in the literature. The total amount of propofol administered to the patient was 1200 mg. It was observed that the urine color returned to normal 8 hours after the drug was discontinued. Conclusion: A rare side effect of propofol is urine discoloration. Urine color may change when the excretion of phenolic metabolites exceeds hepatic clearance. It is reported that it can be seen even in anesthesia induction or sedation doses. It is important to know that the application of propofol may change the color of the urine, that this will not be an important problem and that the color may return to normal with the discontinuation of the drug, in order to prevent unnecessary tests.
Age-related Hemodynamic Effects of Long-term Use of Dexmedetomidine During NIV.
Authors: Doğan Lerzan , Güdük Duygu Emine , Kısa Özdemir İlkay , Sarıkaya Tuğçe
Published: June 2021

Objective: Sedation in the intensive care unit plays a key role in patient management as it helps suppress agitation, increases tolerance to stress, and facilitates medical interventions, such as noninvasive ventilation (NIV) Our purpose was to determine the long-term hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients with acute respiratory failure who require NIV. Methods: We recorded the data concerning age, comorbidities, doses of dexmedetomidine, hemodynamic parameters, use of vasopressors and length of ICU stay, from the hospital electronic medical recor system Due to the possibility of causing hemodynamic instability in ICU, patients with reduced ventricular contractility, hypothermia, septic shock, endocrine pathologies and neurosurgery cases, were excluded from the study. Results: The patients were evaluated in four age groups: Group I: 18-39 years; Group II, 40-64 years; Group III, 65-80 years, and Group IV, aged >80 years The patients in group IV were found to be at a higher risk for a decrease in MAP following onset of dexmedetomidine treatment (p=0.005*). Notably, most of the vasoactive agents were used in patients over 85 years old (54.2%, p=0.005). With increasing age hypotension and vasopressor needs were found to exhibit a corresponding augmentation. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine meets requirements for sedation during NIV in the ICU. Even without loading dose the drug can induce hemodynamic instability, therefore close monitoring is necessary. In elderly, dexmedetomidine should be started at the lowest possible dose and slowly titrated according to the patient’s response.
Estudio comparativo del proceso cinético de reformación de metano con vapor de agua para la obtención de gas de síntesis y producción de metanol basado en 5 tecnologías petroquímicas
Authors: Sandoval Cossío Valeria Elizabeth , Siles Camacho Martha Liliana
Published: June 2021

Este estudio contempla un análisis de la cinética del proceso de reformación de metano con vapor de agua de cinco tecnologías mundialmente reconocidas para la obtención de syngas, orientado a la producción de metanol y basado en dos procesos de gasificación: Reformado con vapor de agua (SMR) y reformado autotérmico (ATR). Las simulaciones han sido desarrolladas con información precisa de cada proceso patentado, datos operativos, diagramas de flujo, entre otros. Las cinco tecnologías analizadas muestran que el tipo de reformado a utilizar depende del producto final. En el caso del metanol, la composición estequiométrica ideal se denomina valor “M”, fórmula para calcular la relación óptima de las fracciones molares entre los óxidos de carbono y el hidrógeno que debe ser igual a 2.
El proceso SMR tiende a producir hidrógeno en gran cantidad, a diferencia del proceso ATR que produce un syngas rico en monóxido de carbono, fuera de este análisis, otros factores históricos del proceso, como la capacidad de la planta, determinan la selección de este: capacidades menores a 3000 ton/día se opta el proceso SMR, de 3000-5000 ton/día es preferible el proceso Two Step Reforming (combinación de SMR y ATR) y si la producción supera las 5000 ton/día el proceso ATR es el óptimo.
La simulación de cada tecnología y el desarrollo de los modelos de conversión cinética de los reactores de reformación fueron diseñados para un flujo de gas metano correspondiente al 89% de 68 millones de pies cúbicos estándar por día (MMSCFD) de gas natural, con capacidad de síntesis de metanol aproximada de 1900 ton/día, sistema de recirculación de 30 MMSCFD y modificaciones de alimentación con dióxido de carbono.
Sobre el uso del dióxido de cloro en ámbitos de la salud humana y la importancia del razonamiento crítico
Authors: Maldonado Melanie
Published: June 2021

Desde hace algunos años, productos como el dióxido de cloro, clorito de sodio y suplemento mineral milagroso (o MMS por sus siglas en inglés), a pesar de no haber sido certificados como medicamentos, están siendo utilizados de manera alternativa por muchas personas para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades. Este uso se ha visto incrementado durante la actual crisis por la pandemia por COVID-19. En este documento, se proporciona una lista no exhaustiva de publicaciones científicas y advertencias oficiales respecto al uso potencialmente peligroso de estos productos en el área de la salud humana. Toda la información citada es bien conocida por profesionales de ramas afines a la bioquímica y farmacéutica, pero no siempre es accesible al público en general. Además, se proporcionan elementos de razonamiento crítico para ayudar a la población en general a procesar la evidencia científica disponible y así construir una opinión propia e independiente
Proyecto de pre-factibilidad para la implementación de una planta productora de queso mozzarella y cheddar en la ciudad de Cochabamba
Authors: Micordia Romero Eliana Lesly , Buitrago Navarro Jorge Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Se realizó un estudio de prefactibilidad destinado a analizar distintas variables que intervienen en la implementación de una planta productora de queso mozzarella y cheddar, en base a leche vacuna, en la ciudad de Cochabamba, con el objetivo de identificar la viabilidad de la propuesta. A pesar de la poca información acerca del tema en Cochabamba, Bolivia, se realizó una investigación de enfoque mixto; inicialmente de tipo exploratorio, con la finalidad de recolectar datos básicos que brinden una perspectiva situacional, para posteriormente, a través de una investigación descriptiva centrada en los consumidores de estos quesos (familias y restaurantes de la ciudad de Cochabamba), generar información clave que interviene en las futuras etapas del proyecto.
El proyecto constó de dos aspectos: el estudio de mercado, donde se analizó la demanda insatisfecha existente y los deseos del consumidor acerca de los productos mencionados, y la ingeniería del proyecto, donde se estableció que la planta productora se ubicaría en La Maica, con una capacidad de 250000,00 litros/año. Con la inversión total, estructura de ingresos y egresos del proyecto, se calculó los indicadores de rentabilidad (VAN, TIR y B/C), los cuales son positivos, demostrando la rentabilidad del proyecto, porque se recupera lo invertido.
Hubungan Eksekutif dan Legislatif pada Era Presiden Joko Widodo Periode 2014-2019
Authors: Beso Antonius Jeremias , Rahmawati Restu
Published: June 2021

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang penerapan sistem presidensial dalam demokrasi modern di dalam hubungan eksekutif dan legislatif pada era Presiden Joko Widodo 2014-2019. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Peneliti mengumpulkan data primer dalam bentuk wawancara mendalam, dan observasi. Adapun untuk data sekunder peneliti peroleh dari foto dan studi literatur. Dalam penelitian ini, menghasilkan studi bahwa implementasi hubungan eksekutif dan legislative di era kepemimpinan Jokowi 2014-2019 dapat dilihat dari semakin menguatnya eksekutif yang ditandai oleh dominannya partai pendukung pemerintah. Dengan kuatnya dukungan partai politik maka akan semakin mudah pemerintah dalam hal ini eksekutif menguasai parlemen. Lalu dampak hubungan eksekutif dan legislatif pada era kepemimpinan Joko Widodo periode 2014-2019 bagi sistem presidensial di era demokrasi modern, dapat kita ambil kesimpulan bahwa dampak menguatnya sistem presidensial yakni ketika eksekutif mendapat dukungan dari partai-partai mayoritas di parlemen dan kekuatan oposisi yang tidak seimbang, maka akan membentuk pola-pola oligarki, yang hanya menguntungkan sebagian elit politik di Indonesia. Lambat laun karena sudah tidak adanya budaya check and balance antara ekskutif dan legislatif, maka dampaknya adalah melemahnya Demokrasi di Indonesia.
Thiazolidines; The Potential Antimicrobial Agents Against Methicillin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tanveer Mehwish , Musaddiq Hira , Iqbal Atia , Saleem Sarwat , Iqbal Sadia , Ali Basharat , Mustafa Kiran , Musaddiq Sara
Published: June 2021

2-Substituted 1,3-Thiazolidine-4-Carboxylic Acids (1-11) were synthesized and screened for their anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) potential. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against four MRSA strains MRSA I, VI, VII and VIII with accession numbers KU662352, KR862285, KR862291 and KU662354 respectively by well diffusion method. In addition, antibacterial evaluations were also performed for gram positive strain Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative strains klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa using same method. Most of the synthesized thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid derivatives exhibited better antibacterial activities against studied bacterial strains. Amongst the synthesized compounds, 8-10 were found to possess significant activity (Zone in mm) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in addition to the other studied bacterial strains.
Dendrimers Chemistry and Applications: A Short Review
Authors: Irfan Madiha , Saeed Aamer , Akram Sabahat , Yameen Sadia bin
Published: June 2021

Dendrimers, also known as cascade molecules, arborols, cauliflower or starburst polymers. They are monodisperse, symmetrical, macromolecules with tree like 3D-architecture consists of end-groups, central core and branching units associated to periphery and possess extremely constraint size, topography and surface characteristics like density, backfolding, intrinsic viscosity, light harvesting property, photophysical properties that are fairly distinct from linear polymers. Different types of dendrimers, on the basis of their different properties and associated functional groups, has been studied yet in which one of the unique group of dendrimers is dendrtic co-polymer possess two types, first are layer block dendrimers and second are segment block dendrimers. Some new types of dendrimers like IrC3, IrCl and IrF2 have been also synthesized by divergent or convergent methods of synthesis. Dendrimers have a lot of applications in different fields like nanotechnology, medical chemistry, light harvesting materials, as sensors, antibacterial and anti-microbial activity.
Biochemical, Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Leaves and Seed of Fenugreek Plant
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Andaleeb Hina , Aziz Sobia , Rehman Saba
Published: June 2021

In the present study leaves and seeds of two different varieties of Fenugreek plant viz. Trigonella foenum gracium and Trigonella corniculata, collected from Bahawalpur, Pakistan were subjected to the biochemical, phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. The content of total sugars, non reducing sugars and reducing sugars in selected parts of these varities were found to be 5.007±0.101 to 8.133±0.223, 4.255±0.150 to 7.099±0.316 and 0.751±0.064 to 1.410±0.071 g/100g of dry weight respectively. Water soluble, salt soluble and total salt soluble protein content range from 1.172±0.001 to 6.015±0.132, 1.517±0.038 to 1.174±0.006 and 0.013±0.001 to 0.018±0.001 g/100 g of dry weight respectively and the total free amino acids ranged from 1.198±0.014 to 4.554±0.006 g/100 g of dry weight. The range of tannins and saponin contents in analyzed parts of these varities was found to be 0.057±0.009 to 0.117±0.025 and 0.083±0.012 to 0.0151±0.045 g /100g of dry weight respectively. Similarly, flavonoids and hydrogen cyanide content ranged from 0.021±0.000 to 0.055±0.004 and 0.0234±0.008 to 0.307±0.009 g/100g of dry weight respectively; while ascorbic acid content was found to be in the range of 0.068±0.08 to 0.267±0.031 g/100g of dry weight. Total phenolic acid content of the selected parts of these varities were estimated on the basis of difference in dipole moment and its range was observed from 0.0539±0.024 to 0.856±0.064 g/100g of dry weight. The total antioxidants analysis showed that ascorbic acid and trolox contents (mg Eqv./100g of extract) were found to be lower in Trigonella corniculata seeds (0.066±0.001 and 0.047±0.001 mg Eqv./100g respectively) and higher in Trigonella corniculata leaves (0.069±0.001 and 0.050±0.001 mg Eqv./100g respectively).The DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power were found to be in the range of 31.736±2.430 to 39.590±2.432 and 0.974±0.231 to 2.301±0.068 respectively. The different parts of studied varities of fenugreek plant, having higher values of %DPPH inhibition and reducing power showed least count of IC50 and vice versa.
Strength Enhancement Potential of Spent Calcium Carbide on Fine Grained Lateritic Soil
Authors: Rotimi Oluremi Johnson , Olukunle Bamigboye Gideon , Diran Afolayan Olaniyi , Olayinka B. Iyanda , Usman A. Bello
Published: June 2021

Effect of spent calcium carbide (SCC) on index and strength properties of lateritic soil at differ- ent compactive efforts was assessed in this study as potential means of improving the geotechnical properties of the subsoil as well as disposing of SCC as waste. SCC was admixed with
the soil using 0 to 10 % by dry weight of soil at an incremental rate of 2%. The following tests were carried out on the samples: specific gravity, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR). Compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests
were carried out using British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS), and British Standard heavy (BSH) on both the natural and stabilized soil samples. From the investigation, atterberg limits show a reduction in the plasticity index with increasing content of SCC. The maximum
dry density of the soil decreased with increasing SCC content and increased with an increase in compactive energies (BSL<WAS<BSH), while and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased correspondingly. Also, soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the stabilized lateritic soil showed an increase
in strength with higher compactive effort, and SCC content up to 4% SCC addition and after that decreased in value. Based on these results, spent calcium carbide improved the geotechnical properties of this lateritic soil, and 4% SCC is recommended for its stabilization as subgrade material
for pavement construction, thereby serving as an effective method of disposing SCC towards promoting a green and sustainable environment.
Waste Tile Usage Effect on the Sandy Subgrade Stabilized with Emulsion Bitumen Performance
Authors: Khabiri Mohammad Mehdi , Ebrahimialavijeh Bahareh
Published: June 2021

Improving the subgrade performance and increasing their efficiency can lead to improving the operation and increasing the life of the pavement. One of the common solutions to improve the resistance and engineering properties of the soils is using the stabilizing materials. Using the
waste materials as a stabilizer in the soil can lead to a reduction in project costs and help the protection from the environment. In this study, emulsion bitumen and crushed waste tile are used to stabilize the sand dune which is soil with low bearing capacity and resistance properties. In
the present study, the emulsion bitumen and crushed waste tile have been used. The effect of dimensions and percentage of crushed tile with different percentages of emulsion bitumen on the compressive pressure and bearing capacity as well as the compressive strength after applying freeze-thaw
cycle. The results indicate that the addition of crushed waste tile increases the compression strength and bearing capacity and the tile with a higher dimension has shown more effectiveness. Applying the freeze-thaw cycle has reduced the compression strength and increasing the number of cycles
has increased the resistance drop rate. Soil stabilized with coarse-grained tile has more resistance drop rate which increases by increasing the tile percentage. Then, the 3D graph and the recommended function related to each parameter investigated in the test were provided using the response
surface analysis method.
Editöre Mektup: Acil Servise Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Nedeniyle Başvuran Vakaların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serdar , KOKULU Kamil
Published: June 2021

Ergün ve arkadaşları tarafından hazırlanan, “Acil Servise Kadına Yönelik Aile İçi Şiddet Nedeniyle Başvuran Vakaların Değerlendirilmesi” başlıklı olgu sunumunu büyük bir ilgi ile okuduk (1). Yazarlara dünya genelinde yaygın bir sorun olan aile şiddete uğrayan kadınlar ile ilgili bu yazıdan dolayı teşekkür ederiz. Bununla birlikte olgunun tartışmasına katkı sunabilecek birkaç noktaya değinmek isteriz.
شكل المسقط الأفقي الأمثل لصالة الصلاة بالمساجد
Authors: Gariballa Ahmedeltayib Hassan elfatih
Published: June 2021

المساقط الأفقية "خارطة المباني" لها أشكال مختلفة (مستطيل، مربع، مثلث، بيضاوي، ثماني، دائري ... الخ) تنبع من أفكار المصمم، وكذا تحكمها اختلافات وظائف المباني المعنية حسب الخدمة المرجوة منها، ووظيفة المسجد في المقام الأول تعبدية تتمثل في الصلاة وغيرها من حلق العلم والأذكار، وعلى الباحث أو المصمم أن يتجنب بعض أشكال المساقط الأفقية التي لا تتواءم ووظيفة قاعات الصلاة، ومشكلة الدراسة تتمثل في وجود بعض الأشكال الهندسية غير المناسبة للمساقط الأفقية لهذه القاعات، وتهدف الدراسة إلى رصد وتحليل وتقييم أشكال المساقط الأفقية المستخدمة في مساجد منطقة الخرطوم لتحديد الشكل الأمثل من حيث الملاءمة الوظيفة لهذه الشعيرة المهمة، وتم تحقيق الدراسة وفق منهجية تحليلية تأصيلية رجوعاً لما نصت عليه التشريعات الإسلامية واستناداً إلى المعيار الأمثل الذي يخدم الوظيفة المتمثلة في الشكل الهندسي المناسب للمسقط الأفقي لقاعة الصلاة بالمسجد وذلك وفق دراسات للأشكال المختلفة التي تطرق لها الباحث ومعرفة سلبياتها وايجابياتها للخروج بنتائج وخلاصات تحقق أهداف البحث ألا وهي التوصل إلى الشكل الأمثل والأحسن الذي يخدم وظيفة شعيرة الصلاة من تراص وتساوي للصفوف مع أداء الحركات والسكنات الأخرى المختلفة، وتخلص الدراسة بأن الشكل الأفضل والأمثل للمسقط الأفقي الذي تم التوصل إليه هو الشكل المستطيل الذي يتعامد ضلعه الأطول على اتجاه القبلة.
تأثير سرعة المسح للحزمة الليزرية على خصائص منطقة التقسية في الفولاذ الكربوني
Authors: عزيمة خليل
Published: June 2021

Surface heat treatment of steel by using laser technology is the most developed method of hardening for machine elements and tools, where it formes on the surface structure with optimal properties. The structure depends on phase's transformation which occures in steel after laser treatment. The mechanism of mutual reaction between laser beam and steel is bind by kind of laser generation, wave length, power and scanning speed. The scanning speed of CW laser beam became the most important parameters of laser surface treatment.
This paper concentrate on the study of the effect of laser scanning speed for steel surface on the depth of heating zone in three kind of carbon steel and the microhardness inside heat effected zone. It has been shown that both of microhardness and depth of hardening layer are decreased when scanning speed is increased. Also, it has been studied the relation between microhardness and the containment of carbon in steel.
دراسة تلوث المياه في المناطق المحيطة بمصفاة بانياس في الجمهورية العربية السورية
Authors: محمد سعيد بايرلي ريم , حسن النجار رشدي , عزت السيد عزيز
Published: June 2021

The Banias refinery discharges every day from its chimneys large amounts of acidic gases like sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, contributing, by that, in the formation of the acidic rains that assist in the dissolution of some heavy elements from the soil such as lead, mercury, aluminum and calcium. The gradual increase of heavy metals concentrations in ground and running water resulted gradual increase in the pollution ratio. For this purpose, fourteen water samples were collected and analyzed. They were taken from different sites starting from Al-Roman Hotel, which is a few meters away from Banias Refinery and ending with Al-Qadmous Area which is 25 km away.
In the samples subject of examination, the following elements were defined: iron (Fe), sodium (Na), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb). They were measured with milligrams per liter (mg / l), by using the Atomic instrument and the results were listed into special charts and were laid on graphs made for this purpose.
The standard specifications issued by the World Health Organization and the standard specification issued by the Arab Syrian Standards and Specifications Organization for drinking waters were adopted. The samples were taken from the following areas:( Al-Roman Hotel, Al-Zello, Al-Ennaza, Harisoun, Al-Sinn Lake, Quraifees, Banzaleh Farm, Dowair Ba’abda, Raas Al-Wata, Atbala, Dair Al-Beshel, Ouben Well and Al-Qadmous ).
The main obtained results were summarized as follows: All the studied samples were polluted in different ratios. This was due to the increment of aforementioned concentrations elements which were over the permissible limits, defined by WHO.
Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Quick Estimation of the Population Growth in Khartoum State
Authors: M.Mohammed Saied Fathi , M. A. Elsinnari Adil
Published: June 2021

Satellite imagery acquired by IKONOS imaging system in 2003 and the analog map of the study area at scale 1:25000 (1984) have been used to estimate the population growth taken place in Halfaya Town. Remote sensing, digital image processing and GIS techniques were used to achieve the objectives of this study. Different procedures such as, image restoration, image enhancement, topology, spatial analysis and overlay have been applied to model the urban growth in the study area between the year 1984 and the year 2003 .Based on the developed GIS model of the study area the estimated population growth rate was found to be 233%. The study proved that integrated remote sensing and GIS techniques have great impact on detecting environmental changes and man-made features variations through time.
A New Method for Vertical Deformation Detection Using Survey Control Networks
Authors: Ahmed Mudathir Omer
Published: June 2021

Usually, the Survey control networks are used for deformation detection in a specific area using observations taken at different epochs. Where the coordinates obtained from two epochs, using least squares technique, are compared in order to assess if a deformation of a specified magnitude exists. Traditionally, the global congruency test is carried out so as to detect if the area of the network has undergone any movement (uplift or subsidence) due to natural or manmade causes. As a next step, localization methods are used to determine deformations at specific points in case there are changes in shape.
In this research a new method is developed to establish deformations at specific points directly. The method is tested using a vertical control network simulated at various epochs of observation. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by another used method. Results obtained using this method indicate that vertical deformations greater than 0.03m using a precision of observation less than 10 can be detected at a minimum significant level of 0.05 (95% confidence level).
Design Simulation of IEEE 802.11a Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Modem
Authors: A.Rahman Husam Eldin , Hammad Abbas Mohammed Ali
Published: June 2021

This work is concerned with the design, software implementation considerations and performance evaluation of an 802.11a WLAN modem at base band level. The function of each block in transmitter is completely specified in the standard. But the receiver is not fully specified. Only the broad functionalities and the performance requirements are specified. Hence design of a receiver is a challenging task.
Improvement of Fatigue Property in High Strength Aluminum Alloy by Shot Peening
Authors: J.Al-Alkawi Hussain , J.Kadhim Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Shot peening process has both the beneficial and detrimentaleffects; therefore, it is difficult and time–consuming task to determine the optimized process parameters based on the fatiguelife. In this study the fatigue of 7001-T6 high strength aluminum alloy has been investigate before and after a shot peeningis beneficial for a treatment to investigate where a shot peening is beneficial for a component with this combination. The effect of 12 min. shot peening on the fatigue behavior of the material used gave an increase in the fatigue life of up to 2.49 times depending on the applied stress, and a 28.34% increase in the endurance limit of the material. Cumulative fatigue damage was conducted under low-high and high-low stress amplitude .The fatigue life prolonging factor (FLPF) was calculated for different stress amplitudes and it was found that this parameter is an indicator for prolonging the fatigue life.
Securing Images Using Watermarking Technique
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid Ahmed , Viju G.K.
Published: June 2021

Factors like Secrecy, Authentication, Non-repudiation and Integrity are considered in dealing with security. Watermarking is one such security measure. Watermarking technology generally permits authors to hide their names in the image behind their original work. In this proposed work, a segment based model is developed wherein the original image is partitioned into various segments and the information is made confidential. At the receiver’s end the segments are combined to obtain the original image and the secret information. The model facilitates both watermark embedding and extraction. Besides copyright protection, authentication, security, digital watermarks can also serve as invisible labels and content links.
Application of the Fuzzy AHP in Selection of Most Appropriate Construction Method for Tuti - Bahri Bridge
Authors: Hassan Onsa Eltayeb , Mohamed Ahmed Hashim
Published: June 2021

In presence of many kilometers of waterways and valleys in Khartoum State, bridges had become desperately needed for proper communication and development. There were many types of bridges in Sudan made of concrete and/or steel using various types of suspended, steel truss, arch and cable-stayed bridges which were constructed by different methods. The successes in bridge projects will be reached if the project achieved quality, cost saving and completed in optimum time schedule. Therefore, selecting appropriate bridge construction method is essential for the success of bridge construction projects.
The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been widely used for solving multi-criteria decision-making problems. The Authors applied Fuzzy AHP, similar to the process suggested by Nang in 2008, to select the most appropriate construction method to be adopted for the Cable-stayed Tuti-Bahri Bridge Project which the Ministry of Infrastructures and Transportation of Khartoum State intends to construct at Khartoum city-center. The results were successfully applied for selection of the most appropriate bridge superstructure construction method among two methods. The hierarchy of the alternatives is suggested based on opinion of two Sudanese experts through questionnaires to obtain the basic criteria. Weights, from group of evaluations, are analyzed using excel spread sheets developed by the Authors. Applying Nang’s approach revealed logical procedure for selection of construction method that best suits Tuti-Bahri Bridge.