bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition in Bangladesh: Feasibility and Constraints
Authors: Choudhury Nuzhat , Ahmed Tahmeed , Hossain Md. Iqbal , Mandal Barendra Nath , Mothabbir Golam , Rahman Mustafizur , Islam M. Munirul , Husain Mohammad Mushtuq , Nargis Makhduma , Rahman Ekhlasur
Published: November 2015

Background

To achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, particularly reduction in child mortality (Millennium Development Goal 4), effective interventions to address severe and moderate acute malnutrition (SAM and MAM) among children under 5 years of age must be implemented and brought to scale alongside preventive measures. Bangladesh has an estimated 600,000 children with SAM, for a prevalence of 4%, while 1.8 million children suffer from MAM.

Objective

To assess the feasibility and constraints of community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), a relatively new approach, in managing SAM and MAM among children in Bangladesh.

Methods

The methodology involved desk reviews of documents by searching through PubMed and other databases for published literature on CMAM in Bangladesh. We also did a hand search of policy and program documents, including the draft National Nutrition Policy 2013; the Health, Nutrition, Population Sector Development Program document of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh; the Sixth Five Year Plan; and the Operational Plans of the National Nutrition Services of Bangladesh.

Results

The conventional approach in Bangladesh has been to treat children suffering from SAM and associated complications in hospital settings. There is no program to take care of children with MAM. There is a dearth of local evidence to operationalize and implement CMAM in the context of Bangladesh. This paper summarizes the scientific literature and rationale for the implementation of CMAM in Bangladesh. It also provides recommendations to improve health strategies related to CMAM, discusses diets being developed that may result in better implementation of CMAM, and offers recommendations for areas of additional necessary research.

Conclusions

A recommended approach for Bangladesh on the management of acute malnutrition would be to integrate CMAM into the rollout of the National Nutrition Services so that screening, identification, referral, and treatment of acutely malnourished children could be effectively managed within the community-based health service delivery system. Given that the vast majority of children are suffering from MAM and could be treated with locally developed food supplements, a significant emphasis of the CMAM approach in Bangladesh should be to screen and treat MAM. Over time, this would also result in fewer SAM cases. However, even with this approach, there would still be a small number of children who have SAM and who ideally should be treated with specialized therapeutic foods. While the Government of Bangladesh is awaiting full-scale production of a local ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF), an interim strategy is needed to effectively treat these severely wasted children on an outpatient basis.
What is the Effect of Physical Activity Level on Food Consumption, Energy Deficiency, and Dietary Diversity?
Authors: Mathiassen Astrid , Hollema Siemon
Published: November 2015

Background

Energy deficiency is observed to be at odds with other food security indicators. In wealthier urban areas, the prevalence of energy deficiency is often higher than in poorer rural areas, whereas other food security indicators, such as food diversity, perform much better in urban than in rural areas.

Objective

To investigate to what extent differences in physical activity levels influence dietary quantity and quality.

Methods

Central to this analysis is the construction of a household activity index, a single measure that aims to capture the collective workload of the household. This paper uses data from Nepal and Uganda expenditure surveys that contain information on food consumption, as well as detailed information on how individual household members spend their time. Energy deficiency numbers are adjusted by the activity index, and the results are compared with the standard approach for calculating energy deficiency assuming light activity levels. Regressions are estimated to discuss demand for calories and diversity given the activity level.

Results

Accounting for differences in activity level has a large effect on energy deficiency figures, particularly in rural areas. The analysis shows that a higher household activity level significantly increases the calories consumed but lessens food diversity, suggesting that households with high activity levels sacrifice diversity for quantity in order to meet their energy requirements.

Conclusions

Physical activity levels should be taken into account when interpreting empirical differences in food consumption levels for determining the prevalence of food insecurity and making allocation decisions for food security assistance.
Application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point in the Local Manufacture of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs)
Authors: Henry C. Jeya K. , Xin Janice Lim Wen
Published: November 2015

The local manufacture of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) is increasing, and there is a need to develop methods to ensure their safe production. We propose the application of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles to achieve this goal. The basic principles of HACCP in the production of RUTFs are outlined. It is concluded that the implementation of an HACCP system in the manufacture of RUTFs is not only feasible but also attainable. The introduction of good manufacturing practices, coupled with an effective HACCP system, will ensure that RUTFs are produced in a cost-effective, safe, and hygienic manner.
Meat as Complementary Food for Older Breastfed Infants and Toddlers: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Rural China
Authors: Tang Minghua , Sheng Xiao-Yang , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael
Published: November 2015

Background.

Because of its contribution to dietary diversity and to favorable intakes of micronutrients, including iron and zinc, meat is hypothesized to be a valuable complementary food for the infant and young child. However, the evidence base remains limited.

Objective.

To compare the difference in anthropometric measurements of rural Chinese infants and toddlers 6 to 18 months of age who received a daily supplement of meat or cereal for 12 months.

Methods.

This cluster-randomized, controlled study provided a daily supplement of either meat (n = 514, 20 clusters) or cereal (n = 957, 40 clusters) starting as a first complementary food at 6 months of age. Anthropometric measurements were assessed longitudinally.

Results.

After 12 months of intervention, the meat group (Δ13.01 ± 1.9 cm) had greater (p = .01) linear growth than the cereal group (Δ12.75 ± 1.8 cm) and a smaller decrease in length-for-age z-score (LAZ) over time (–0.43 ± 0.72 in the meat group vs. –0.54 ± 0.67 in the cereal group), after adjustment for baseline length, LAZ, maternal education, work status, and maternal height and weight.

Conclusions.

Linear growth was modestly greater in the meat group than in the cereal group. LAZ was substantially negative at 6 months, and the intervention did not prevent ongoing decline over the course of the study.
High-Nutrition Biscuits to Increase Animal Protein in Diets of HIV-Infected Kenyan Women and Their Children: A Study in Progress
Authors: Ernst Judith , Ettyang Grace , Neumann Charlotte G.
Published: November 2015

Background.

Preliminary evidence suggests that improved nutrition early in HIV infection may delay progression to AIDS and delay the initiation or improve the effectiveness of antiretroviral drug therapy. There are few studies that evaluate food-based interventions in drug-naïve, HIV-infected women and their children. Meat provides several nutrients identified as important in maintaining immune function and lean body mass.

Objective.

To design supplemental meat and soybean biscuits for use in a randomized trial examining the effect of meat in the diet of drug-naïve, HIV-infected rural Kenyan women on changes in weight, lean body mass, morbidity, nutritional status, and activities of daily living of the women and growth and development of their children.

Methods.

We designed three supplemental biscuits: one with added dried beef, another with added soybean flour, and a wheat biscuit to serve as a control biscuit to be used in a randomized feeding intervention in drug-naïve, HIV-infected rural Kenyan women and their children. The nutritional contents of the different types of biscuit were examined and compared.

Results.

The three biscuits were isocaloric. Meat biscuits provided more lysine, vitamin B12, and bioavailable zinc. Soybean biscuits provided more total and absorbable iron; however, higher fiber and phytate contents may inhibit nutrient absorption. Data analysis for clinical outcomes of the trial is ongoing.

Conclusions.

The “biscuit model” is useful for nutrition supplementation studies because it can be provided in a blinded and randomized fashion, safely and privately in a home under directly observed consumption by a highly stigmatized population. It is well received by adults and children, and the biscuits can be produced locally with available, simple, affordable technology.
Possible Role of the Microbiome in the Development of Acute Malnutrition and Implications for Food-Based Strategies to Prevent and Treat Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Murray Ellen , Manary Mark
Published: November 2015

A pattern of changes in the microbiome composition have been observed in the normal maturation of the human gut. Perturbations from this pattern have been described in malnourished humans and reproduced in animal models of severe malnutrition. Treatment and prevention of malnutrition in the future may be more effective if the interventions not only restore body composition, but the composition of the microbiome as well.
Recommending vitamin A–rich foods in southern Thailand
Authors: Chittchang Uraiporn , Jittinandana Sitima , Sungpuag Pongtorn , Chavasit Visith , Wasantwisut Emorn
Published: November 2015

Thailand is classified by the World Health Organization as a country with a moderate level of subclinical vitamin A deficiency. in 1992 the eruption of infant xerophthalmia in the country's lower region led to the universal distribution of vitamin A capsules among infants (50,000 IU for those < 6 months old, 100,000 IU for those 6–12 months old) and pre-school children (200,000 IU) in high-risk areas every 6 months. Since then, no new cases of xerophthalmia have arisen. the universal distribution programme covered the period 1992 to 1998. However, to control the problem and prevent it from reoccurring once capsule distribution is discontinued, a food-based strategy for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency is being undertaken in southern Thailand. This strategy has two components: recommendation of vitamin A–rich food recipes for consumption by pregnant women, and development of vitamin A–rich snacks targeted at children. Both of these components have been adopted and successfully promoted by the Health Promotion Center (Region 12) in southern Thailand as part of public special events, regular counselling, and education programmes, and as micro-level income-generation projects by community women's groups.
A Phenomenological Case Study of the Social Cognition of One Gifted Adolescent in School
Authors: Bailey Nancy M. , Cross Tracy L.
Published: November 2015

This study investigated the social cognition of one gifted adolescent in school. Two research questions guided the study: (a) What is the nature of a gifted student's perception of the school experience? and (b) In what ways are teacher intent for a gifted student's personal development perceived and interpreted by a student?

An existential-phenomenological approach to psychological research was adopted to conduct an in-depth, single-subject case study. Interviews and observations were the primary sources of data. Three major findings are reported. First, the student was aware of self, self in relation to others, and aware of teachers and peers. Awareness, a theme, was evidence of social cognition in school. Involvement, the second theme, describes the student's perception of involvement or lack of engagement in the school experience. Third, student perceptions revealed communication patterns and strategies. Student perceptions were based on the student's interpretation and inferred meaning of his relationship to self, self and others, and awareness of teachers and peers.
Central Auditory Processing Abilities of Low-Achieving Gifted Adolescents
Authors: Rigo Thomas G. , Arehole Shalini , Hayes Phebe A.
Published: November 2015

In this study, the central auditory processing (CAP) abilities of a group of low-achieving gifted high school students were measured and compared to matching groups of achieving gifted, average, and learning-disabled students. CAP skills were measured behaviorally, utilizing the Test for Auditory Processing Disorders in Adolescents and Children (SCAN:A). Results revealed significant CAP deficits in the low-achieving gifted group when compared to the achieving gifted and the average subjects. Furthermore, the CAP ability of the low-achieving gifted group was similar to that of the learning-disabled subjects. The nature of CAP disorders and suggested management strategies are discussed.
Isolated Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Lateral Lower Leg
Authors: van Zantvoort Aniek P.M. , de Bruijn Johan A. , Winkes Michiel B. , Dielemans Jeanne P. , van der Cruijsen-Raaijmakers Marike , Hoogeveen Adwin R. , Scheltinga Marc R.
Published: November 2015

Background:

Exercise-induced lower leg pain may be caused by chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). The anterior (ant-CECS) or deep posterior compartment (dp-CECS) is usually affected. Knowledge regarding CECS of the lateral compartment (lat-CECS) is limited.

Purpose:

To describe demographic characteristics and symptoms in a consecutive series of patients with isolated CECS of the lateral compartment of the leg.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Since 2001, patients undergoing dynamic intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurements for suspected CECS in a single institution were prospectively monitored. Individuals with a history possibly associated with lat-CECS and elevated ICP measurements (Pedowitz criteria) were identified. Exclusion criteria were concomitant ipsilateral ant-CECS/dp-CECS, acute compartment syndrome, recent significant trauma, peroneal nerve entrapment, or vascular claudication.

Results:

During an 11-year time period, a total of 26 patients with isolated lat-CECS fulfilled study criteria (15 females; median age, 21 years; range, 14-48 years). Frequently identified provocative sports were running (n = 4), walking (n = 4), field hockey (n = 3), soccer (n = 3), and volleyball (n = 2). Exercise-induced lateral lower leg pain (92%) and tightness (42%) were often reported. The syndrome was bilateral in almost two-thirds (62%, n = 16). Delay in diagnosis averaged 24 months (range, 2 months to 10 years).

Conclusion:

Young patients with exercise-induced pain in the lateral portions of the lower leg may suffer from isolated CECS of the lateral compartment. ICP measurements in the lateral compartment in these patients are recommended.
Part-Latinos and Racial Reporting in the Census
Authors: Miyawaki Michael Hajime
Published: November 2015

In this study, the author examines the racial reporting decisions of the offspring of Latino/non-Latino white, black, and Asian intermarriages, focusing on the meanings associated with their racial responses in the 2010 census and their thoughts on the separate race and Hispanic origin question format. Through interviews with 50 part-Latinos from New York, the findings demonstrated that their racial responses were shaped largely by question design, often due to the lack of Hispanic origins in the race question. Many added that their responses did not reflect their racial identity as “mixed” or as “both” Latino and white, black, or Asian. Most preferred “Latino” racial categories, and when given the option in a combined race and Hispanic origin question format, they overwhelmingly marked Latino in combination with white, black, or Asian. Part-Latinos’ preference for “Latino” racial options may stem from the racialization of Latinos as nonwhite and their desire to express all aspects of their mixed heritage identity. Moreover, the contrast in racial reporting in the 2010 census and the Census Bureau’s recently proposed “race or origin” question for the 2020 census could result in different population counts and interpretations of racial statistics.
New structural data reveal benleonardite to be a member of the pearceite-polybasite group
Authors: Bindi Luca , Stanley Christopher J. , Spry Paul G.
Published: November 2015

The determination of the crystal structure of benleonardite (P3m1; R = 0.0321 for 1250 reflections and 102 parameters; refined formula Ag15.00Cu1.00Sb1.58As0.42S7.03Te3.97) obtained using data from a gem-quality, untwinned crystal recovered from the type material, revealed that benleonardite exhibits the structure observed for minerals of the pearceite-polybasite group. The structure consists of the stacking of [Ag6(Sb,As)2S6Te]2– A and [Ag9Cu(S,Te)2Te2]2+B layer modules in which (Sb, As) forms isolated SbS3 pyramids typically occurring in sulfosalts; Cu links two (S,Te) atoms with linear coordination, and Ag occupies sites with coordination geometries ranging from quasi-linear to almost triangular. The silver ions are found in the B layer module along two-dimensional diffusion paths and their electron densities are evidenced by means of a combination of a Gram-Charlier development of the atom displacement factors and a split model. In the structure, two S positions are completely replaced by Te (i.e. Te3 and Te4) and one is half occupied [S1: S0.514(9)Te0.486], whereas S2 is completely filled by sulfur. This distribution reflects the crystal-chemical environments of the different cations. On the basis of information gained from this characterization, the crystal-chemical formula of benleonardite was revised according to the structural results, yielding Ag15Cu(Sb,As)2S7Te4 (Z = 1) instead of Ag8(Sb,As)Te2S3(Z = 2) as previously reported. Thus, the mineral must be considered a member of the pearceite-polybasite group. A recalculation of the chemical data listed in the scientific literature for benleonardite according to the structural results obtained here leads to excellent agreement.
Kinetics and mechanics of clot contraction are governed by the molecular and cellular composition of the blood
Authors: Tutwiler Valerie , Litvinov Rustem I. , Lozhkin Andrey P. , Peshkova Alina D. , Lebedeva Tatiana , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. , Spiller Kara L. , Cines Douglas B. , Weisel John W.
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Clot contraction has 3 phases differentially affected by platelet and fibrin mechanics, RBC compaction, and various blood components. A new dynamic quantitative clot contraction assay can reveal novel aspects of formation and evolution of hemostatic clots and thrombi.
Active IKKβ promotes the stability of GLI1 oncogene in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Agarwal Nitin K. , Kim Chae H. , Kunkalla Kranthi , Konno Hiroyasu , Tjendra Youley , Kwon Deukwoo , Blonska Marzenna , Kozloski Goldi A. , Moy Vincent T. , Verdun Ramiro E. , Barber Glen N. , Lossos Izidore S. , Vega Francisco
Published: November 2015

Key Points

IKKβ, independently of NF-κB, regulates the stability and transcriptional activity of GLI1 oncogene. Combined inhibition of IKKβ and GLI1 activities synergistically decreases DLBCL cell viability in vivo and in vitro.
Compound mutations in BCR-ABL1 are not major drivers of primary or secondary resistance to ponatinib in CP-CML patients
Authors: Deininger Michael W. , Hodgson J. Graeme , Shah Neil P. , Cortes Jorge E. , Kim Dong-Wook , Nicolini Franck E. , Talpaz Moshe , Baccarani Michele , Müller Martin C. , Li Jin , Parker Wendy T. , Lustgarten Stephanie , Clackson Tim , Haluska Frank G. , Guilhot Francois , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Soverini Simona , Hochhaus Andreas , Hughes Timothy P. , Rivera Victor M. , Branford Susan
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Ponatinib induces durable responses regardless of baseline BCR-ABL1 mutation status in CP-CML patients. No single or compound mutant consistently confers primary or secondary resistance to ponatinib in CP-CML.
An ethnobotany of the Lukomir Highlanders of Bosnia & Herzegovina
Authors: Ferrier Jonathan , Saciragic Lana , Trakić Sabina , Chen Eric C. H. , Gendron Rachelle L. , Cuerrier Alain , Balick Michael J. , Redžić Sulejman , Alikadić Emira , Arnason John T.
Published: November 2015

Background

This aim of this study is to report upon traditional knowledge and use of wild medicinal plants by the Highlanders of Lukomir, Bjelašnica, Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The Highlanders are an indigenous community of approximately 60 transhumant pastoralist families who speak Bosnian(Bosanski)and inhabit a highly biodiverse region of Europe. This paper adds to the growing record of traditional use of wild plants within isolated communities in the Balkans.

Methods

An ethnobotanical study using consensus methodology was conducted in Lukomir in Bjelašnica’s mountains and canyons. Field work involved individual semi-structured interviews during which informants described plants, natural product remedies, and preparation methods on field trips, garden tours, while shepherding, or in settings of their choice. Plant use categories were ranked with informant consensus factor and incorporated into a phylogenetic tree. Plants cited were compared to other ethnobotanical surveys of the country.

Results

Twenty five people were interviewed, resulting in identification of 58 species (including two subspecies) from 35 families, which were cited in 307 medicinal, 40 food, and seven material use reports. Individual plant uses had an average consensus of five and a maximum consensus of 15 out of 25. There were a number of rare and endangered species used as poisons or medicine that are endemic toFlora Europaeaand found in Lukomir. Ten species (including subspecies) cited in our research have not previously been reported in the systematic ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal plant use in B&H: (Elymus repens(L.) Gould,Euphorbia myrsinitesL.,Jovibarba hirta(L.) Opiz,Lilium bosniacum(Beck) Fritsch,Matricaria matricarioides(Less.) Porter ex Britton,Phyllitis scolopendrium(L.) Newman,Rubus saxatilisL.,Silene unifloraRoth ssp.glareosa(Jord.) Chater & Walters,Silene unifloraRoth ssp. prostrata (Gaudin) Chater & Walters,Smyrnium perfoliatumL.). New uses not reported in any of the aforementioned systematic surveys were cited for a total of 28 species. Thirteen percent of medicinal plants cited are endemic:Helleborus odorusWaldst. et Kit.,Gentiana luteaL.,Lilium bosniacum(Beck) Fritsch,Silene unifloraRoth ssp.glareosa(Jord.) Chater & Walters.,Silene unifloraRoth ssp.prostrata(Gaudin) Chater & Walters,Salvia officinalisL.,Jovibarba hirta(L.) Opiz, andSatureja montanaL.

Conclusions

These results report on the cohesive tradition of medicinal plant use among healers in Lukomir, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This work facilitates the community’s development by facilitating local and international conversations about their traditional medicine and sharing insight for conservation in one of Europe’s most diverse endemic floristic regions, stewarded by one of Europe’s last traditional Highland peoples.
The invisible fish: hydrodynamic constraints for predator-prey interaction in fossil fishSaurichthyscompared to recent actinopterygians
Authors: Kogan Ilja , Pacholak Steffen , Licht Martin , Schneider Jörg W. , Brücker Christoph , Brandt Sebastian
Published: November 2015

Recent pike-like predatory fishes attack prey animals by a quick strike out of rest or slow movement. This fast-start behaviour includes a preparatory, a propulsive and a final phase, and the latter is crucial for the success of the attack. To prevent prey from escape, predators tend to minimise the duration of the interaction and the disturbance caused to surrounding water in order to not be detected by the prey's lateral line sensory system. We compared the hydrodynamic properties of the earliest fossil representative of the pike-like morphotype, the Triassic actinopterygian Saurichthys, with several recent pike-like predators by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Rainbow trout has been used as a control example of a fish with a generalist body shape. Our results show that flow disturbance produced by Saurichthys was low and similar to that of the recent forms Belone and Lepisosteus, thus indicative of an effective ambush predator. Drag coefficients are low for all these fishes, but also for trout, which is a good swimmer over longer distances but generates considerable disturbance of flow. Second-highest flow disturbance values are calculated for Esox, which compensates the large disturbance with its extremely high acceleration performance (i.e. attacks at high speeds) and the derived teleostean protrusible mouth that allows prey catching from longer distances compared to the other fishes. We show CFD modelling to be a useful tool for palaeobiological reconstruction of fossil fishes, as it allows quantification of impacts of body morphology on a hypothesised lifestyle.
Pathogenesis of Dengue: Dawn of a New Era
Authors: Halstead Scott B.
Published: November 2015

Dengue virus (DENV) infections of humans were long thought to be self-limited and of low mortality. Beginning in the 1950s, at the time when four different DENVs were discovered, a lethal variant of dengue emerged. Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) initially observed in Southeast Asia now has spread throughout the world. Two risk factors for DHF/DSS are well-established: severe disease occurs during a second heterotypic DENV infection or during a first DENV infection in infants born to dengue-immune mothers. A large number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain severe dengue disease. As discussed, few of them attempt to explain why severe disease occurs under the two different immunological settings. New experimental evidence has demonstrated that DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is toll-receptor 4 agonist that stimulates primary human myeloid cells to produce the same cytokines observed during the course of severe dengue disease. In addition, NS1 directly damages endothelial cells. These observations have been repeated and extended to an in vivo mouse model. The well-established phenomenon, antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection in Fc-receptor-bearing cells, should similarly enhance the production of DENV NS1 in humans, providing a unitary mechanism for severe disease in both immunological settings
Some Aspects of Teaching Graphic Disciplines at Specialist School of Technical University
Authors: Мухина  , Mukhina Milena , Погодин  , Pogodin E.
Published: November 2015

The article considers pre-university graphic teaching in technical educational institutions on the example of secondary school “Lyceum № 38” in Nizhny

Novgorod, taking into account requests of Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University named after R.E. Alekseev.

The article possesses concreteness, technological eff ectiveness and systematic approach of conceptual framework and terminology intuitively clear

to experts, teachers and people with engineering education who make the majority of teachers of graphic disciplines at schools and higher education

institutions. Methodological approach, which is the basis for selection of educational elements, conforms to the requirements of modern pedagogical

technologies. The purpose of methodological approach is teaching schoolchildren to read and execute drawings of details and assembly units of

machine building and construction plans, and to apply graphic knowledge to solving creative tasks. That promotes mastering the basic knowledge

and engineering graphics receptions both in «manual technologies» and in using computer technologies. A basic graphics package is AutoCAD. It will

provide further study of special disciplines according to technologies of modern engineering.
Presenting Students’ Knowledge Asmind Mapping Based Frames
Authors: Бершадская  , Bershadskaya E. , Бершадский  , Bershadskiy Mikhail
Published: November 2015

The article considers the problem of diagnosing individual characteristics of students’ knowledge. It is shown that an adequate model for knowledge

representation is the model of frames. The article describes the psychological processes underlying the formation of frames, and the role of implicit

processes in the development of cognitive representation of the world in the mind of the student. Frames of diff erent are classifi ed, its brief descriptions

are provided, essential features are highlighted, the role of frames as a way of presenting various components of training content is described. It is shown

that adequate means of diagnostics of basic frames formation is the method of mind mapping. A specifi c example describes all the stages of building

mind maps. The paper analyzes the features of mind maps, which allow interpreting them as a visual image of individual frames. Examples of students’

mind maps, confi rming the validity of this conclusion, are provided.
The Structure of the Professional Competence of the Teacher
Authors: �����������  , Zhurakovskaya V. , ������  , Meychik Galina , �����  , Karma A.
Published: November 2015

The article has a substantiation of an urgency to solve the problem associated with the defi nition of the structure of professional competence of teachers.

This structure is represented by species competencies. The problem was determined by the needs of the teacher training system of teachers in the knowledge

of these competencies. This requirement is related with the design of additional vocational training programs of teachers. The authors off er an

analysis of psychological and educational literature disclosing the problem of determining the structure of professional competence of teachers of secondary

schools and the structure of professional competence of future teachers (students). An analysis of the scientifi c literature shows that in modern

pedagogical science is not developed a unifi ed structure of professional competence of the teacher. The authors off er an original solution to the problem

of determining the structure of professional competence of teachers from the position active approach, which is based on the basis of the structure of

pedagogical activity of the teacher (V.A. Slastenin, N.V. Kuzmin, A.I. Shcherbakov). The authors have developed and proposed a "list" of professional

competencies of teachers of basic and secondary education. The authors point out that the �list� of professional competence of the teacher of primary

education, pre-school education can be represented in a similar way. Issues that need to be further resolution, were identifi ed by the authors.
Risk, Uncertainty, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from a Lab-in-the-Field Experiment
Authors: Koudstaal Martin , Sloof Randolph , van Praag Mirjam
Published: November 2015

Theory predicts that entrepreneurs have distinct attitudes toward risk and uncertainty, but empirical evidence is mixed. To better understand the unique behavioral characteristics of entrepreneurs and the causes of these mixed results, we perform a large “lab-in-the-field” experiment comparing entrepreneurs to managers (a suitable comparison group) and employees (n = 2,288). The results indicate that entrepreneurs perceive themselves as less risk averse than managers and employees, in line with common wisdom. However, when using experimental incentivized measures, the differences are subtler. Entrepreneurs are only found to be unique in their lower degree of loss aversion, and not in their risk or ambiguity aversion. This combination of results might be explained by our finding that perceived risk attitude is not only correlated to risk aversion but also to loss aversion. Overall, we therefore suggest using a broader definition of risk that captures this unique feature of entrepreneurs: their willingness to risk losses.

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
The rise and rise of prevention science in UK family welfare: surveillance gets under the skin
Authors: White Sue , Wastell David
Published: November 2015

This article examines the forms of knowledge used to warrant investment by the state in ‘early intervention’ in the lives of disadvantaged children and families. It argues that these are supported by the same logics as those associated with the more intrusive and coercive interventions, which may culminate in the permanent severance of biological and kinship ties. Such interventions are located within the paradigm of prevention science, steadily gaining momentum and influence. The invocation of science is salient, with research and evidence-based practice being prominent in its discourse. Prima facie, early intervention initiatives are a ‘helping hand’ but, as a consequence, the material circumstances and behaviours of parents, and what is increasingly inferred to exist inside their bodies and brains, become objects of legitimate state scrutiny.
Videojuegos y Teatro en las Escuelas
Authors: Manero Iglesias Borja , Torrente Vigil Javier , Serrano Laguna Ángel , Fernández‑Manjón Baltasar
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de los videojuegos cómo herramientas para aumentar el interés de los jóvenes hacia el teatro clásico. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo en 8 colegios e institutos de la Comunidad de Madrid y ha implicado a 754 alumnos de enseñanza secundaria de entre 11y 16 años. En este artículo se detallan las distintas etapas del proyecto: (1) adaptación de la obra de teatro “La Dama Boba” de Lope de Vega a una aventura gráfica educativa, (2) evaluación de la herramienta por parte de expertos en la materia, y (3) por último, evaluación experimental en los colegios. Para la evaluación del juego utilizamos dos grupos de control: uno que recibía una clase sobre la obra de teatro impartida por su profesor habitual, y un segundo cuya clase magistral estaba impartida por uno de los actores protagonistasde la obra de teatro y que representaba el mejor caso educativo factible en línea con el objetivo del proyecto (aumentar el interés frente al teatro). Los resultados del estudio mostraron que el juego supone un enfoque ligeramente más motivador que el profesor, pero se encuentra muy lejos de la clase del actor, que está muy por encima de ambos. Además el sexo resultó ser un factor determinante en el grupo experimental, registrándose un mayor aumento del interés en las chicas que en los chicos.
Desenvolvimento Epistemológico e Avaliação de Crenças Pessoais relativas ao Conhecimento e ao Processo de Conhecer: Estudo de Validação da Escala de Posicionamento Epistemológico para Estudantes de Doutoramento
Authors: Figueiredo Cláudia , Pinheiro Maria Do Rosário , Huet Isabel
Published: November 2015

Constituindo‑se atualmente como um vasto domínio científico, as teorias do desenvolvimento epistemológico ou da epistemologia pessoal enfrentam ainda numerosos desafios ao nível da sistematização conceptual dos seus constructose das estratégias metodológicas. É objetivo deste trabalho, contribuir para a discussão desta problemática, realizando uma proposta de avaliação quantitativa do desenvolvimento epistemológico, acedido através de crenças relativas ao conhecimento e ao processo de conhecer. Neste estudo desenvolveu‑se a Escala de Posicionamento Epistemológico(EPE) que foi aplicada a uma amostra de 429 estudantes de doutoramento de universidades portuguesas, em diferentes etapas do seu percurso. As análises de dimensionalidade realizadas revelaram estruturas fatoriais teoricamente interpretáveis considerando duas formas alternativas de análisedos itens. Na sua versão final o EPE é composto por 25 itens, distribuídos numa estrutura de quatro fatores (35.5% da variância total explicada) denominados: (1) sofisticação epistemológica; (2) Ingenuidade epistemológica; (3) imutabilidade do conhecimento e (4) aprender com rapidez.
Novos Públicos do Ensino Superior: Abordagem à Aprendizagem de Estudantes Maiores de 23 Anos
Authors: Monteiro Angélica Maria Reis , Barros Rita Manuela Almeida , Moreira J. António
Published: November 2015

O presente estudo descreve a apropriação que os estudantes fazem das diferentes formas de aprender e de estudar no Ensino Superior. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, a investigação enquadra‑se na literatura educacional e desenvolvimental centrada na aprendizagem dos estudantes e sustenta‑se no princípio da Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida. O rationale teórico insere‑se na Teoria de Biggs (1987). A amostra é constituída por 64 estudantes do sexo feminino, maiores de 23 anos a frequentar o Ensino Superior. A abordagem àaprendizagem foi avaliada através da escala Revised two‑factorStudy Process Questionnaire (R‑SPQ‑2F) (Godoy, 2009), resultante da adaptação realizada para português. Os resultados do estudo revelam que as estudantes adotam preferencialmente um abordagem superficial de aprendizagem e permitem‑nosconcluir que estas abordagens não são estanques e variam consoante o interesse despertado pelos conteúdos abordados e a necessidade de os aprender, fatores passíveis de serem trabalhados a nível didático‑pedagógico.
An anthropometric study on the primary school in a rural area of district Bareilly
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra Kumar , Maheshwari Sonam , Gupta Shyam Bihari , Shrotriya Ved Prakash , Singh Atul Kumar , Kumar Asheesh , Sinha Ratnesh
Published: November 2015

Now a day underweight as well as overweight has become serious problem among children and adolescents in developed and developing countries. Careful assessment, monitoring and follow up of these children and adolescent were of great importance for the health state of society. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight among primary school children in a rural area of district Bareilly. This cross-sectional study was performed on school-age children 4 to 14 years old, took place between December 2014 and March 2015.A total of 340 children (229 boys and 111 girls) were interviewed and examined. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to interview the study participants to elicit information on family characteristics like residence, religion, education and occupation of parents; and information on individual characteristics like age, sex. Anthropometric measurements were taken and noted by trained field workers. The prevalence of obesity, overweight was higher in boys than girls. There was significant relationship between BMI with gender and with age. Conclusion: Based on the results, although underweight was still relatively common in 4-14 year old children. Establishing interventional measures in order to prevent risky behaviors leading to Underweight and overweight seems to be highly necessary.
The effect of female volleyball players’ leg volume and mass on balance and reaction time
Bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacim ve kütlesinin denge ve reaksiyon zamanına etkisi
Authors: İbiş Serkan , İri Rüçhan , Aktuğ Zait Burak
Published: November 2015

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between leg volume - mass and balance – reaction time of the third league female volleyball players. 20 volunteer third league volleyball players, who are still active, are participated in this study. The average age of participant female volleyball players is 23,20±3,42 years, average height 176,30±7,78 cm, average weight 65.11±8,22 kg. Participant female volleyball players’ leg volume by Frustum method, leg mass by Hanavan method, static and dynamic balance by Biodex Balance System and visual reaction time by MOART Lafayette Reaction Measuring Device were measured. In analyzing the relation among the measurements, Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was used. As a result of analysis of the obtained data; significant moderate correlation was found between the legs mass and dynamic balance (r=0.654, p<0,05). It was determined with a highly significant relationship between leg mass and foot volume (r=0.913, p<0,01) and foot mass (r=0.917, p<0,01). Also a significant relationship was found between leg volume and foot volume (r=0.800, p<0,01) and foot mass (r=0.644, p<0,05).

Consequently; it can be said that there is a highly significant relationship between leg volume-mass and foot volume-mass, and there is a relationship between dynamic balance and leg mass of the third league female volleyball players.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmada, üçüncü lig bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacimleri ile denge ve reaksiyon zamanları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya üçüncü ligde oynayan toplam 20 gönüllü bayan voleybolcu katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan bayan voleybolcuların yaş ortalamaları 23,20±3,42 yıl, boy ortalamaları 176,30±7,78 cm, ağırlık ortalamaları 65.11±8,22 kg’dır. Çalışmada katılan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi Frustum yöntemi, bacak kütlesi Hanavan yöntemi, statik-dinamik denge ölçümü Biodex Denge Sistemi ve görsel reaksiyon zamanı ölçümleri MOART Lafayette Reaksiyon Ölçüm cihazı ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen ölçümler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Pearson Çarpımlar Moment Korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda; bacak kütlesi ile dinamik denge arasında orta düzeyde (r=0.654, p<0,05), bacak kütlesi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.913, p<0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.917, p<0,01) arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişki bulunurken; bacak hacmi ile ayak hacmi (r=0.800, p<0,01) ve ayak kütlesi (r=0.644, p<0,05) arasında ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç olarak; çalışmadaki bulgular 3. Ligde oynayan bayan voleybolcuların bacak hacmi ve bacak kütlesinin ayak kütlesi ve ayak hacmi ile yüksek düzeyde ilişki gösterdiği, dinamik dengenin de bacak kütlesiyle ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Reading motivation and engagement scale: Turkish adaptation study
Okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması
Authors: Yıldız Mustafa , Aktaş Nurhan
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptation, reliability and validity of       “the reading motivation and reading engagement scale” that was developed by Guthrie and Klauda (2014) to determine the reading motivation and reading engagement levels of students. The study was conducted with 376 students attending to 5th,, 6th, 7th and 8th grades in the province of Ankara. The scale includes 39 items and 7 factors namely intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, perceived difficulty, value, devalue dedication and avoidance. SPSS 17.00 and AMOS 18 softwares were used for data analysis.The factor structure of the scale was faithful to the original. The reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be .84 using the internal consistency method.According to the results of the analysis, the psychometric properties of the scale were suitable to use, valid, and reliable.According to the results of the analysis, the psychometric properties of the scale were suitable to use, valid, and reliable.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin okuma motivasyonlarını ve okumaya adanmışlık düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Guthrie ve Klauda (2014) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan “Okuma Motivasyonu ve Okumaya Adanmışlık Ölçeği”nin uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara ilinde eğitim görmekte olan ve 5,6,7 ve 8. sınıfa devam eden 376 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.Ölçek 39 madde ve içsel motivasyon, yeterlilik, güçlük, değer verme, değer vermeme, bağlılık ve kaçınma olarak adlandırılan 7 faktörden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 17.00 ve AMOS 18 programlarıyla yapılmıştır.Ölçek orjinaline uygun faktör yapısında oluşturulmuştur. Ölçeğin güvenirlik katsayısı iç tutarlılık yöntemiyle .84  olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonuçlarına göre, ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerinin kullanılmaya elverişli, geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A solutıon for unemployment: Green jobs and green employment Tokat example
İşsizlik için bir çözüm: Yeşil işler ve yeşil istihdam Tokat örneği
Authors: Topgül Seda
Published: November 2015

Green economy can be defined as an economy providing a sustainable economic growth by reducing environmental damage and aiming economic development based on eco-friendly green employment by creating proper and decent green jobs. The most important element of the green economy is green jobs that are created. Green jobs are proper and decent jobs that provide an adequate income and social security satisfy occupational health and safety requirements and respect workers' rights. Green jobs have various positive or negative effects on employment. This study discusses the effects of green jobs on employment and evaluates the employment fueled by green jobs in the renewable energy industry in the province of Tokat. Accordingly, the number of individuals employed in renewable energy plants in the province of Tokat, which is one of the leading emigrant provinces. Thus, it can be suggested that green jobs provide employment on a significant level for the province of Tokat.

 

Özet

Yeşil ekonomi çevresel zararları azaltarak sürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyüme sağlayan ve insana yakışır düzgün yeşil işler yaratarak çevre dostu yeşil istihdama dayalı kalkınmayı amaçlayan bir ekonomi olarak tanımlanabilir. Yeşil ekonominin en önemli unsuru yaratılan yeşil işlerdir. Yeşil işler yeterli gelir ve sosyal korumayı sağlayan, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği koşullarının yerine getirildiği işçi haklarına saygılı insana yakışır düzgün işlerdir. Yeşil işlerin istihdam üzerinde olumlu ya da olumsuz çeşitli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, yeşil işlerin istihdama etkileri tartışılmakta ve Tokat ili özelinde yenilenebilir enerji sektörlerinde yaratılan yeşil işlerin sağladığı istihdam değerlendirilmektedir. Buna göre, sürekli göç veren illerin başında gelen Tokat ilinde yenilenebilir enerji alanındaki santrallerde sağlanan istihdam sayısı yüksektir. Böylece, yaratılan yeşil işlerin Tokat için önemli bir istihdam sağladığı söylenebilir.
A Novel Approach to Photonic Generation and Modulation of Ultra-Wideband Pulses
Authors: Xiang Peng , Guo Hao , Chen Dalei , Zhu Huatao
Published: November 2015

A novel approach to photonic generation of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals is proposed in this paper. The proposed signal generator is capable of generating UWB doublet pulses with flexible reconfigurability, and many different pulse modulation formats, including the commonly used pulse-position modulation (PPM) and bi-phase modulation (BPM) can be realized. Moreover, the photonic UWB pulse generator is capable of generating UWB signals with a tunable spectral notch-band, which is desirable to realize the interference avoidance between UWB and other narrow band systems, such as Wi-Fi. A mathematical model describing the proposed system is developed and the generation of UWB signals with different modulation formats is demonstrated via computer simulations.