bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POTENTIAL OF SEVERAL FLUORIDE-BASED VARNISHES AS REMINERALIZATION AGENTS: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES, DENTIN SURFACE HARDNESS, AND CRYSTALLINITY TESTS
Authors: Soekanto Sri Angky , Fadillah Fadiza , Nuraisiya Putri , Gultom Ferry , Sarwono Agoeng T
Published: January 2018

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of several fluoride-based varnishes: Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF), nanosilver fluoride (NSF), and propolis fluoride (PPF). Fluoride-based varnish is proven to remineralize and arrest caries progression with minimal side effects. SDF, the gold standard for this study, compared to NSF and PPF to observe the dentin morphology, hardness, and crystallinity test.Methods: Dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16%, 3.66%, and 4.16%), and PPF (3%, 6%, and 10%). The dentin discs were demineralized using a demineralization solution (pH 4.4) for 96 h. Each dentin disc in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoride-based varnishes and was then subjected to pH cycling for 8 days. The surface morphology of dentin was observed by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM), dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester, and the crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).Results: This study showed crystal fluorapatite on the dentin surface of SDF and NSF. There was an amorphous layer on the dentin surface of PPF (10%) detected when using SEM. The Vickers hardness number of dentin increased after the application of SDF, NSF, and PPF. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in the treatment groups in higher concentrations than in the control (demineralized) group.Conclusion: It was concluded that SDF, NSF, and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. Hence, NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes are promising as anticariogenic agents.
PHASE COMPOSITION AND CRYSTALLINITY OF HYDROXYAPATITE WITH VARIOUS HEAT TREATMENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Indrani Decky J , Soegijono Bambang , Adi Wisnu A , Trout Neil
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study investigated effects of heat treatment on the crystallinity and phase composition of hydroxyapatites (HAs) of different heat treatment.Methods: HA powder was synthesized by the chemical precipitation method based on the reaction between the phosphorous acid and calcium hydroxide. Synthesized HA was divided into three groups for which each group was then given heat treatment at 100°C, 900°C, or 1300ºC. Phase identification, analyses and the crystallinity of the synthesized HAs were determined using the X-ray diffraction coupled with the Rietveld refinement.Results: The synthesized HAs with each heat treatment were identified as HA phase containing hexagonal structure. Those treated at 100°C or 900°C revealed with crystallinity of 48% and 68%, respectively, with no additional phase; whereas, those treated at 1300°C produced a crystallinity of 72% and contained dicalcium and tricalcium phosphates.Conclusion: The synthesized HAs treated at 100°C, 900°C, or 1300°C were HA phase with hexagonal structure. The variable crystallinity of the synthesized HAs yielded from different heat treatment temperature correspondingly determines different phase composition.
LIGHT-CURING DISTANCE AND RESIN THICKNESS EFFECTS ON THE SHORTFIBER–REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITES’ DEPTH OF CURE
Authors: Herda Ellyza , Sharfina Lulu , Andjani Anggia Nadya , Damiyanti Mia , Irawan Bambang
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study evaluated the light-curing distance and resin thickness effects on the depth of cure of short fiber–reinforced resin composites (SFRCs).Methods: Fifteen SFRC specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thickness of 4 mm were divided into groups (n=5) with light-curing distances of 0, 2, and 4 mm. Another 15 specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm (n=5) were subjected to a 0-mm light-curing distance. Microhardness tests were conducted using a Vickers hardness tester (load: 200 g; dwell time: 15 s), and the depth of cure was assessed by calculating the hardness ratio of the bottom to the top surface (%). Statistical tests included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD tests.Results: The depths of cure with 0-, 2-, and 4-mm light-curing distances were 79.0±0.7%, 77.0±0.6%, and 75.0±0.8%, while those with thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm were 81.0±1.0%, 78.2±1.0%, and 34.4±2.0%, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the depth of cure were found in all groups.Conclusion: A depth of cure >80% was only attained with a 3-mm resin thickness and 0-mm light-curing distance.
POST-CURE’S EFFECT ON THE DEPTH OF CURE OF A SHORT FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE
Authors: Herda Ellyza , Ninda Nadia Safira , Damiyanti Mia
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to identify post-cure’s effect on the depth of cure (DOC) of a short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC).Methods: Six EverX PosteriorTM shade A3 specimens were cured with a light-emitting diode light curing unit with 800 mW/cm2 of light irradiation for 20 s. The specimens were divided into two groups. The first was measured immediately post-cure and the second was measured 24-h post-cure. They were measured with a Vickers microhardness profile test. An independent t-test was used to analyze the significance of the differences between the DOC value and different variables.Results: The DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure was 3.02±0.02 mm. The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was 3.93±0.03 mm.Conclusion: The DOC of the specimens measured 24-h post-cure was significantly higher than the DOC of the specimens measured immediately post-cure. Post-cure polymerization (24-h post-cure) can increase the DOC values of an SFRC.
Awarded with Economic Growth, from Weak to Strong Patent Legislation: Legal Study with Regard to China
Authors: Naeeni Shaghayegh Haji Bagher
Published: January 2018

This paper provides a critical legal study on evaluation of patent system in China from the year1980, which is known as the beginning of Chinese modern intellectual property law including patent law till 2016 that China achieved third place in Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) internationally for the highest patent applications according to World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).  Moreover, researcher will go through few important push factors for Chinese patent legislator who developed stronger Patent law to attract more national and international inventors for investing in Chinese market without hesitation of their patent rights being infringed due to weak legislation. In other words, how China realized that being in the era of globalization for improving economic growth, it should consider at least minimum international standards in its own patent legislation. Hence, the method used in this paper will be purely a doctrine method, because the researcher will be conducting the critical legal study on mentioned aspects, which involves collecting of data from primary and secondary sources. The process involved in this research is a collative process. However, still there is room for improvement in current Chinese patent system, which will be discussed in this paper. All in all, the researcher concluded that concept of globalization is undeniable in national as well as the international market in order to have a reasonable economic growth for the same reason China had considered having stronger patent legislation in order to save its position in the market and also to increase its own rate of economic growth. On the other hand, the paper concludes by putting forward suggestions for modifying Chinese patent system.
Technical Vocational Education Training Institute Curriculum Development in Ethiopia
Authors: Geleto Lemecha
Published: January 2018

Ethiopian TVET curriculum development process follows similar procedures with different competency based TVET curriculum development processes in some countries. Ethiopia mainly adopted its current TVET curriculum experiences from countries such as Australia and Philippines. Depending on the trends of these countries, the new Ethiopian TVET strategy has decentralized the preparation of curricular materials to the institutions that deliver training. The problem may limit the current competency based TVET curriculum in Ethiopia is lack of knowledge and experience to develop the curriculum at the local level in this decentralized responsibility to develop the curriculum at TVET institutions. In addition to the problem of decentralization, the continuous change made in the occupational standards is another challenge in the effective implementation of the reformed TVET approach. While TVET institutions have set themselves and started to provide training in certain occupational standards disseminated, the Ministry of Education in the mean time updates or replaces those occupational standards with the new ones. This has created resource wastage and grievance at institutions, management instructors and students.
Realigning Vocational Skills for Employment and Self Employment of Hearing- Impaired Youths: The Case of Masvingo-Peri Urban
Authors: Muwaniki Chenjerai , Muvirimi Patricia
Published: January 2018

The study sought to investigate the prospects of equipping hearing impaired youths in peri-urban Masvingo District with skills for employment and self-employment in view of the economic crisis in Zimbabwe.  The study used the Human Capital Theory as the theoretical framework. A case study research design was used.  Data was collected through semi-structured interviews of eight purposefully selected hearing impaired vocational graduates as well as four key informant interviews with lecturers at the special school. Observations were also done to augment data from the interviews. Thematic analysis was used in analyzing the data. The study revealed that the hearing-impaired graduates acquired technical and vocational and skills at the special school. However, despite the high skill levels, they were not being utilized for their livelihoods. Instead of utilizing their technical and vocational skills, most of the graduates were engaged in self-initiated micro-entrepreneurial activities such as street vending. The major challenges to employment and self-employment included lack of capital, communication barriers and lack of representation and clear policy. The study recommends the realignment of vocational skills with the reality in which hearing-impaired graduates experience daily to focus more on entrepreneurship and community development in view of a weak economy which makes employment and self-employment difficult to achieve.
Okul öncesi fen ve doğa eğitimi araştırmalarına ilişkin bir tarama çalışması: Türkiye örneği
Authors: Güneş Gökhan
Published: January 2018

Bu araştırmanın genel amacı; Türkiye’de son beş yıl içinde (2013-2017), okul öncesi fen ve doğa eğitimi kapsamında yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesidir. Bu genel amaç doğrultusunda; fen ve doğa temelli araştırmalarda incelenen konuların, kullanılan araştırma yöntemlerinin ve (son olarak) araştırmalarda yer alan katılımcı grupların dağılımı incelenmiştir. Betimsel tarama modeli, çalışmanın yöntemi olarak tercih edilmiştir. Makale seçimlerinde; çalışmaların Türkiye’de son beş yıl içinde yapılmış olması, öncelikli tarama ölçütü olarak benimsenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, çalışmada yer verilen 40 araştırma; SSCI, ERIC, ULAKBIM ile bu endeksler dışında kalan ama alana özgü dergilerin (okul öncesi ve erken çocukluk eğitimi) tarandığı elektronik veri tabanları kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, fen ve doğa temelli araştırmalarda; fen eğitimi ve uygulamalarına yönelik etkinlikler ile çevre eğitimi, yoğun olarak incelenen konular arasındadır. Nicel ve nitel paradigmalar, araştırma yöntemleri olarak dengeli dağılım gösterirken; karma araştırma yöntemlerin, çok az oranda tercih edildiği saptanmıştır. Son olarak, taranan çalışmalarda; çocukların, öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının örneklem grubu olarak dengeli şekilde dağılım gösterdiği gözlenirken ebeveynlerle yürütülen çalışmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Determinants of Investment at the Individual Level - Evidence from SACCOS in Mbeya District, Tanzania
Authors: Kasambala Momole
Published: January 2018

Investment is the corner stone for economic growth and development. Poor countries experience a scant growth of their economy simply because of minute investment at the individual to national level. In these less developed economiesinvestment has been hampered by insufficient capital to support a viable business enterprise. External financing is required to reverse this trend. Experience shows that the provision of credit is the preeminent way to increase capital for investment. There have been several credit providers in developing countries namely, the formal, semiformal, and informal sources. While the formal and semiformal sources dominate in urban areas, the informal ones seem to dominate in rural areas. Many of the formal sources require credit to be secured by tangible assets. Unlike other credit lines like banks, credit from saving and credit cooperative (SACCOS) are issued without delay because credit worthiness can be established easily. These SACCOS normally operate within the premises of members and are well positioned to serve poor people both in urban and rural areas.This study was conducted to assess the determinants of investment at the individual level. Multistage and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the study area and respondents. The sample includes 239 SACCOS members and 241 non members. Data analysis employed both descriptive statistics and Ordinary least square regression methods. The study examines achievement differences in terms of the investment level achieved by SACCOS and non SACCOS members in order to determine the attributed factors to their success. The study provides sufficient evidence to support the proposition that acquisition of credit is important for investment at an individual level at P<0.001.
O dono da voz: a comédia do auto-elogio e da censura
Authors: Duarte Adriane da Silva
Published: January 2018

A parábase, enquanto herdeira da lírica, apresenta o poeta como sábio, uma voz autorizada a aconselhar a comunidade. Consistirá simultaneamente em peça de propaganda e fórum de debates, sistematizando para os espectadores os temas desenvolvidos no decorrer da peça. Ao longo da carreira de Aristófanes, o poeta é substituído pela personagem do coro como sujeito da parábase. Essa mudança, aparentemente pequena, refletiria a crise do saber tradicional em Atenas no final do séc. V a.C., posto em xeque pela multiplicação das vozes que se habilitam a falar a cidade, bem como pelo desprestígio do teatro enquanto local privilegiado de discussão da esfera pública.
Edifícios de espetáculos em Roma
Authors: Corassin Maria Luiza
Published: January 2018

O espaço urbano de Roma. Os diferentes tipos de espetáculos requeriam construções especializadas: estádios, circos e anfiteatros. Domiciano construiu o Estádio para o Agon Capitolinus, hoje Praça Navona; o Circo Máximo, o anfiteatro Flávio e o Stadium Domitiani tornaram-se símbolos do poderio romano e local de integração dos grupos sociais do Imperio.
Efeitos de humor no poema VIII de Catulo
Authors: Vasconcellos Paulo Sérgio
Published: January 2018

Neste artigo apresenta-se uma contribuição ao estudo dos efeitos de humor no poema VIII de Catulo; de fato, além do metro dessa composição e de outros elementos criadores de distanciamento irônico que os estudiosos têm apontado, um outro aspecto de sua forma, ainda pouco percebido, guia a leitura para essa interpretação: o jogo, a maneira de anagrama imperfeito (o “hipograma”, ou, mais precisamente, “criptograma”, de Saussure), com os sons do nome da amada, aparentemente calado. E mais uma das maneiras com que o poeta elabora a jocosa diferença entre o que se diz e o que, sentido e reprimido, deixa-se, porém, transparecer.
L'épigraphie grecque
Authors: Rougemont Georges
Published: January 2018

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COHEN, David. Law, violence and community in classical Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 214 p.
Authors: Gambon Lidia
Published: January 2018

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TRINGALI, Dante. Horacio, poeta da festa: navegar não é preciso. São Paulo: Musa, 1995. (Ler os Clássicos, v. 3). 206p.
Authors: Novak Maria da Glória
Published: January 2018

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FABRE, Georges; MAYER, Marc; RODÀ, Isabel. Inscriptions Romaines de Catalogne, IV. Barcino. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1997.
Authors: Funari Pedro Paulo A.
Published: January 2018

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Beyond Euro-Western dominance: An African-centred decolonial paradigm
Authors: Dastile Nontyatyambo P.
Published: January 2018

In search for Africa's solutions to solve African-centred problems, an African-centred paradigm provides a starting point towards knowledge generation. Africans continue to be confronted with models and paradigms that are export-oriented in a quest to serve as import substitutions for explaining obstacles prevalent on the African continent. Faced with this realisation, hegemonic discourses abound, which only serve to misdiagnose prevailing problems. Thus, when African scholars compare realities with Euro-Americans, there is a glaring consensus to move towards an adoption of more centred paradigms to respond to the poverty of existing theoretical formulations. This article therefore proposes an African-centred decolonial paradigm in response to Kwasi Wiredu's call for 'Africa, know thyself'. Though albeit not prescriptive, the author seeks to map out the contours of an African-centred decolonial paradigm predicated on three existing paradigms. Firstly: the Afrocentric paradigm proposed by Molefe Kete Asante. Secondly: the pillars of Africanity as a combative methodology and paradigm proposed by Archie Mafeje. Thirdly, Afrikology is discussed, which emphasises a universal transdisciplinary approach. Based on these three paradigms, the author posits that if Africans want to play a much larger role in knowledge generation that is responsive to human needs and existential problems, an African-centred decolonial paradigm offers a multi-transdisciplinary framework, which may be used to foreground African scholarly endeavours.
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Pain and Self-reported Function in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Eckenrode Brian J. , Kietrys David M. , Parrott J. Scott
Published: January 2018

Study Design

Systematic literature review with meta-analysis.

Background

Management of patellofemoral pain (PFP) may include the utilization of manual therapy (MT) techniques to the patellofemoral joint, surrounding soft tissues, and/or lumbopelvic region.

Objectives

To determine the effectiveness of MT, used alone or as an adjunct intervention, compared to standard treatment or sham for reducing pain and improving self-reported function in individuals with PFP.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL databases for studies investigating MT for individuals with PFP. Studies published through August 2017 that compared MT (local or remote to the knee), used alone or in combination with other interventions, to control or sham interventions were included. Patient-reported pain and functional outcomes were collected and synthesized. Trials were assessed via the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and a meta-analysis of the evidence was performed.

Results

Nine studies were included in the review, 5 of which were rated as having a low risk of bias. The use of MT, applied to the local knee structure, was associated with favorable short-term changes in self-reported function and pain in individuals with PFP, when compared to a comparison (control or sham) intervention. However, the changes were clinically meaningful only for pain (defined as a 2-cm or 2-point improvement on a visual analog scale or numeric pain-rating scale). The evidence regarding lumbopelvic manipulation was inconclusive for pain improvement in individuals with PFP, based on 3 studies.

Conclusion

The data from this review cautiously suggest that MT may be helpful in the short term for decreasing pain in patients with PFP. Several studies integrated MT into a comprehensive treatment program. Changes in self-reported function with the inclusion of MT were shown to be significant, but not clinically meaningful. The limitations in the studies performed to date suggest that future research should determine the optimal techniques and dosage of MT and perform longer follow-up to monitor long-term effects.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(5):358–371. Epub 6 Jan 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7243
Knee Joint Loading in Healthy Adults During Functional Exercises: Implications for Rehabilitation Guidelines
Authors: van Rossom Sam , Smith Colin R. , Thelen Darryl G. , Vanwanseele Benedicte , Van Assche Dieter , Jonkers Ilse
Published: January 2018

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Background

The inclusion of specific exercises in rehabilitation after knee injury is currently expert based, as a thorough description of the knee contact forces during different exercises is lacking.

Objective

To quantify knee loading during frequently used activities such as squats, lunges, single-leg hops, walking stairs, standing up, and gait, and to grade knee joint loading during these activities.

Methods

Three-dimensional motion-analysis data of 15 healthy adults were acquired during 9 standardized activities used in rehabilitation. Experimental motion data were processed using musculoskeletal modeling to calculate contact and shear forces on the different knee compartments (tibiofemoral and patellofemoral). Using repeated-measures analyses of variance, contact and shear forces were compared between compartments and exercises, whereas muscle and average maximum femoral forces were compared only between exercises.

Results

With the exception of squats, all therapeutic exercises imposed higher forces to the tibiofemoral joint compared to gait. Likewise, patellofemoral forces were greater during all exercises when compared to gait. Greater compartmental contact forces were accompanied by greater compartmental shear forces. Furthermore, force distribution over the medial and lateral compartments varied between exercises. With increased knee flexion, more force was imposed on the posterior portion of the condyles.

Conclusion

These results suggest that with careful selection of exercises, forces on an injured zone of the joint can be reduced, as the force distribution differs strongly between exercises. Based on the results, a graded exercise program for progressive knee joint loading during rehabilitation can be conceptualized. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(3):162–173. Epub 6 Jan 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7459
Improvement of Dissolution Properties Through Acyclovir - Succinic Acid Cocrystal Using Solvent Evaporation Technique
Authors: Imtihani Hilya Nur , Nuniek W Agnes , Setyawan Dwi , Hendradi Esti
Published: January 2018

The objective of this research was to prepared acyclovir cocrystals with succinic acid as coformer using three different
solvents (ethanol, acetic acid glacial, and 0.1N HCl) to influence the characters and improve the dissolution rate of
acyclovir. Cocrystallization of acyclovir with succinic acid as coformer was successfully prepared by solvent evaporation
technique using three different solvents (ethanol, acetic acid glacial, and 0.1N HCl). The screening indicated that acyclovir
formed novel cocrystals with succinic acid in the three different solvents. PXRD profile show that there is three peaks in
ethanol cocrystal in angle 2θ 5.9134o
; 9.1645o and 13.4044o
. For acetic acid glacial and 0.1N HCl cocrystal there is one
peak in angle 2θ 5.9263o
and 2θ 9.6011o
. In analysis diffractogram DSC formed ethanol cocrystal with melting point
175.84oC. The melting point of acetic acid glacial cocrystal is 178.41oC and 0.1N HCl cocrystal is 156.75oC. The
dissolution rate of the cocrystals measured by the effisiency disolution (ED45) that considerable faster than that pure
acyclovir and the physical mixtures. On the result of FTIR analysis there is changes of the wavenumber that indicated that
there is cocrystal formed. And for SEM analysis, morphology of cocrystals was different than the original materials. In
dissolution test, ethanol and acetic acid glacial cocrystals have better efficiency dissolution (ED45) (92.96 %) than the
acyclovir ED45 (84.48 %). But 0.1N HCl cocrystal has lower ED45 than acyclovir that is 48.19 %. The results obtained in
this research indicated the acyclovir cocrystals have formed with succinic acid as coformer using three different solvents.
The physical properties was different from the three cocrystals. Dissolution rate of acyclovir cocrystals using ethanol and
acetic acid glacial solvents was increase, whereas using 0.1N HCl was decrease rather than pure acyclovir
Грамматико-семантическая типология глаголов. Возвратные новации в современном русском языке
Authors: Шапошников Владимир Н.
Published: January 2018

In the article, the grammatical-semantic typology of verbs is considered. The morphosyntactic classes of verbs in the contemporary Russian language are noted. The reflexive verbs and the principles of their description are analyzed. New phenomena of reflexivity and its types in the Russian language are described, based on the semantic, derivational and syntactic criteria.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Keluarga Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Anak Usia 1-5 Tahun
Authors: Erni Amina
Published: January 2018

Childhood is the age before entering formal education institution of Elementary School (SD). Children enter primary school after the age of six, the beginning of the school age phase. During the childhood phases the physical development of children, male or female, increases rapidly. The muscles, nerves, and skeletons of their bodies lead to maturity. Moving skills accelerate, ranging from large muscle movements, muscle shrinkage, and the cooperation of eye movements and hand movements. Children are in transition between the vital period and the intellectual period. The childhood phase is a critical period in the development of the personality of children. According to the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud in the childhood phase is within the level of psychosexual development and begin to attract and gain pleasure from genital stimulation. They begin to realize and fascinated by the differences between men and women. Attitudes and the way parents educate their children are very influential on the child's personality. Proper sex education will be a provision for children to face the world around. Difase this new child will know the outside world. If the child has not been equipped with intellectuals about sex education, then the child will experience confusion with the things he will meet. The child will only respond and show the stimuli from the environment he is, only based on what he experienced and he felt. Sometimes children are removed from the supervision of their parents. Family role is needed. Because the family is the child's first social environment, it is expected to implement sex education. Can be applied in the family environment through interpersonal communication between parents and their children.
Konsep Dakwah Dalam Memelihara Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Sekitar Hutan (Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Kerinci)
Authors: Sunata Ivan
Published: January 2018

Propagation as a pillar of Islam in conveying God's revelation must be interpreted broadly, not just propaganda materials related subject matter (tawhid) but also about the preservation of nature and the welfare of the people (society). Forests should be managed jointly between the public and the government that maintained continuity, while people living in the vicinity to prosperous. This research is field research field with qualitative research type, research method used is action research or action study with participatory approach, this approach emphasizes the importance of dialogue process in research. In this case can be seen how the concept of da'wah in the maintenance and empowerment of communities around the forest in Kerinci district
Theoretical study on the binding selectivity of 18-membered azacrown ethers with alkaline earth metal species
Authors: Hamdiani Saprini , Savalas Lalu Rudyat Telly , Purwoko Agus Abhi , Hadisaputra Saprizal
Published: January 2018

The binding selectivity of 18-membered azacrown ethers (monoaza- N1, diaza- N2, triaza- N3, tetraaza- N4, pentaaza- N5, and hexaaza-18-crown-6 N6) with Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ have been studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The complex binding selectivity was analyzed in term of interaction energies, thermodynamic properties, second order interaction energies, and charge transfer effects. The geometrical study shows that Ca2+ and azacrown complexes acquire envelope like structure, leading to shorter bond lengths. As a result, these complex systems have the highest interaction energies. Theoretical study also showed that N6 complex with alkaline earth metal ion were shown to be more stable complex than those ligand with lower nitrogen number. The interaction energy order is N0 < N1 < N2 < N3 < N4 < N5 < N6. This trend shows that the presence of more nitrogen on the crown ether cavity increases the interaction energies by approx. 7.3 % in going from N0 to N6. It is clearly showed that the contribution of the number of nitrogen play a dominant role in the binding selectivity of these systems.
KARAKTERSTIK SERAPAN SUARA KOMPOSIT POLYESTER BERPENGUAT SERAT TAPIS KELAPA
Authors: Astika I Made , Dwijana I Gusti Komang
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate of sound absorption of coconut filter fiber composites. The research material made with coconut filter fiber as reinforcement and matrix resin unsaturated polyester (UPRs) type Yukalac BQTN 157 with 1% hardener types MEKPO (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide) and fiber treatment by  0,5% KMnO4. Production methods is poltrusion and the variations of fiber volume fraction are 20, 25 and 30% and fiber length are 5, 10 and 15 mm. Testing of sound absorption frequency are 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. The results of research show that  the highest value of sound absorption coefficient is on  the composites with composition of 10 mm fiber length and 30% fiber volume fraction, that is 0.550828. The values are included in the class “Sound Absorption Coefficient Class D (Extremely absorbing)” with the range 0.40 – 0.60 based on ISO standard 11654:1997.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH BERBANTUAN VIDEO KARTUN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 SIKUR TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: M. Jafar Al-idrus Syayid Qosim , Hikmawati Hikmawati , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bantuan video kartun terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 1 Sikur tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan jumlah 113 siswa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling dengan siswa kelas XI IPA 2 sebanyak 37 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas XI IPA 1 sebanyak 36 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah nonequivalent control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes tertulis dalam bentuk pilihan ganda yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji validitas, reliabilitas, analisis tingkat kesukaran, dan analisis daya beda soal. Data hasil tes akhir dianalisis menggunakan uji-t dua pihak dengan rumus pooled varians dan diperoleh thitung sebesar (5,318) dengan ttabel sebesar (1,996) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis masalah berbantuan video kartun berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Sikur.ÃÂ Kata kunci : Model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, video kartun, hasil belajar.Abstract: This research aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning model assisted cartoon video of the physics student learning outcomes. This type of research is a quasi-experimental. The study population was all students (113 students) of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Sikur academic year 2014/2015. Sampling was done through purposive sampling technique with class XI IPA 2 as experimental class (37 students) and class XI IPA 1 as the control class ( 36 students). The nonequivalent control group was used as the experimental design. The instruments used in the form of a written test in the form of multiple choices previously tested the validity, reliability, analysis of the level of difficulty, and analysis about the different power. The final test result data were analyzed using t-test two parties with pooled variance formula and obtained tcount of (5.318) with ttable of (1.996) at the 5% significance level. The value of tcount greater than ttable then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This suggests that the problem-based learning model assisted cartoon video has effect on the student class XI of SMAN 1 Sikur physics learning outcomes.Keywords: Problem-based learning model, video cartoon, learning outcomes
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN METAKOGNITIF DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 6 MATARAM
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Jamaluddin Jamaluddin , Karnan Karnan
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Pembelajaran di sekolah umumnya masih mengandalkan bahasa verbal dalam penyampaian materi, sehingga keterampilan berpikir dan hasil belajar siswa menjadi rendah. Salah satu solusinya adalah menggunakan media belajar berbasis audiovisual yang mampu meningkatkan aspek metakognitif dan penguasaan konsep siswa, seperti Macromedia Flash. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keterampilan metakognitif dan penguasaan konsep biologi siswa kelas VIII SMPN 6 Mataram yang menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis Macromedia Flash dengan tanpa Macromedia Flash. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah the static-group comparison design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan Macromedia Flash memiliki nilai rata-rata keterampilan metakognitif yang lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang dibelajarkan tanpa Macromedia Flash, yaituÃÂ  85,84 dan 66,80. Berdasarkan hasil uji t diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan metakognitif siswa antara kedua kelas tersebut. 2) nilai rata-rata penguasaan konsep siswa pada kelas kontrol lebih tinggi daripada kelas eksperimen yaitu sebesar 85,44 dan 84,79. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan penguasaan konsep siswa yang belajar dengan Macromedia Flash dengan siswa yang belajar tanpa Macromedia Flash.Kata kunci:ÃÂ ÃÂ  Keterampilan metakognitif, Macromedia Flash, Penguasaan KonsepÃÂ Abstract: Generally in school, the concept delivery in learning process still relies on verbal language, as the result, studentÃ¢â¬â¢s thinking skills and learning outcome become low. Therefore, audiovisual-based learning is needed to improve studentÃ¢â¬â¢s metacognitive and learning outcome aspects, for example by using Macromedia Flash. This research is aimed to differentiate studentÃ¢â¬â¢s metacognitive skills and concept mastery at grade VIII in SMPN 6 Mataram between students who are taught by Macromedia Flash and students who are taught without using Macromedia Flash. This research is included into pre-experimental and the design was the static-group comparison design. The results of this research showed that: 1) students who were taught by Macromedia Flash had average values for metacognitive skils higher than students who were taught without Macromedia Flash, that were 85.84 and 66.80 respectively. From t-test obtained that there was difference of metacognitive skills between both sample groups; 2) the average values of studentÃ¢â¬â¢s concept mastery in control group was higher than students in experimental group, that were 85.44 and 84.79 respectively. T-test analysis indicated that there was no difference of concept mastery between students who were taught by Macromedia Flash and students who were taught without Macromedia Flash.Key words: Metacognitive Skills, Macromedia Flash, Concept Mastery
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA LISTRIK DINAMIS (APLD) BERBASIS INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA
Authors: Hasbi Muhammad Azhari , - Kosim , - Gunawan
Published: January 2018

In this study has been developed a teaching aid of dynamic electricity(APLD) inquiry based to support dynamic electricity of learning. This study included research development. The purpose of this study was to develop and test the effectiveness of the teaching aid to increase mastery of concepts of students. The study involved IX grade of junior students who were following the dynamic electricity of learning were divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The instrument used was the dynamic electric concept mastery test. Analysis of data using different test and the average normalized gain scores . This study showed an increase in mastery of concepts in both groups. The Increase concepts mastery of students using APLDinquiry-based was higher than students who studied the electrical KIT with verification based-guide. The increase was highest in the mastery of concept Ohm's Law (69.3 %) and the lowest was in the electric power concept (10.8 %) Keyword: Teaching aid of dynamic electricity (APLD) inquiry based, mastery of concepts dynamic electricity.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY DAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA DAN SIKAP ILMIAH SISWA
Authors: Istiqamah Nur , Doyan Aris , Taufik Muhammad
Published: January 2018

This research is aimed to investigate the influence of discovery learning model and guided inquiry based experiment method to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude. This research is a quasi experiment with 2×2 of factorial design method. The population is all students of 13 classes of grade X of SMAN 2 Mataram. Sample is determined by using a cluster random sampling method. Data is analyzed by t-test statistics of two sample. The results showed that discovery learning model based experiment method has influence to the  physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude, and guided inquiry learning model based experiment method has influence to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude. Beside that, discovery learning model and guided inquiry based experiment method has influence to the physics learning outcomes and students’ scientific attitude.Keywords: discovery, guided inquiry, experiment, physics learning outcomes, and  scientific attitude
Rate of approximation of K-monotone functions in L_(Ïˆ,p) (I) space , 0<p<1
Authors: Zuhair Abd AL-Sada Nada
Published: January 2018

In this paper we shown that the relationship with the best algebraic approximation and K- monotone functions with bounded  such that  derivatives by algebraice polynomial of degree  , which interpolates a K-monotone functions  in an interval at K points, and by this worke , we are found the rate of approximation of K-monotone functions in space
Comparative study of impact of Azotobacter and Trichoderma with other fertilizers on maize growth
Authors: Mahato Sanjay , Neupane Srijana
Published: January 2018

Biofertilizers may be a better eco-friendly option to maintain soil fertility. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Azotobacter and Trichoderma on the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The experiment was carried out in medium sized pots, at IAAS, Lamjung (Feb 2017 - May 2017) in completely randomized design (CRD), consisting eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were namely T1 (control), T2 (Azotobacter), T3 (Trichoderma), T4 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma), T5 (NPK), T6 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM), T7 (Azotobacter + Trichoderma + FYM + NPK), T8 (FYM). Azotobacter showed a positive increase in plant height, stem girth, dry shoot weight, root length and width, and root weight while Trichoderma displayed either negative or minimal impact. Effect of FYM was lower than Azotobacter but considerably higher than Trichoderma. Trichoderma seriously inhibited the expression of Azotobacter when used together. Trichoderma even suppressed the outcome (except shoot weight) of FYM when used together. Root length was the longest in Azotobacter inoculation. The highest number of leaves was in T7 followed by Azotobacter (T2) and NPK (T5). Unlike leaf width, Azotobacter showed a negligible increase in leaves length while Trichoderma wherever present showed the negative impact. Minimum chlorophyll content was found in Azotobacter or Trichoderma after 73 days. Azotobacter treatment showed early tasseling than Trichoderma. The association of Azotobacter and Trichoderma increased the biomass. Azotobacter has significant effects on growth parameters of maize and can supplement chemical fertilizer, while Trichoderma was found to inhibit most of the growth parameters.
Socio-economic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved varieties in Dang, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Sanjiv , Ghimire Yuga Nath , Devkota Deepa
Published: January 2018

Research was conducted from February to May, 2017 for socioeconomic assessment on maize production and adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties in Dang district of Nepal. Altogether, 100 samples were taken by simple random sampling from the major maize growing areas and relevant publications were reviewed. Focal Group Discussion and Key Informant Survey were also done. Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, probit regression and indexing were used for data analysis using statistical tools- SPSS, STATA and MS-Excel. Probit econometric model revealed that ethnicity (1% level), gender (5% level), area under open pollinated improved maize (1% level), seed source dummy (1 % level) and number of visits by farmers to agrovet (5% level) significantly determined the adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties. In addition, unpaired t-test revealed that the productivity of open pollinated improved maize varieties was significantly higher (at 1% level) than local; also, the multinational companies' hybrids showed significantly higher productivity (at 1% level) when compared to open pollinated improved varieties. Furthermore, indexing identified- lack of availability of quality seeds and fertilizers (I= 0.86) as the major problem associated with the maize production. Giving aggressive subsidy on open pollinated improved seeds and dealership to registered agrovets for selling the subsidy seeds could enhance the adoption. Moreover, government organizations working in the areas of agricultural extension and research must focus on adoption of open pollinated improved maize varieties among the farmers, substituting the local and developing the high yielding hybrid varieties in Nepal to increase the maize productivity.
Climate change and maize agriculture among Chepang communities of Nepal: A review
Authors: Sharma Pratiksha , Kattel Rishi Ram , Subedi Ananta Prakash
Published: January 2018

This paper reviews recent literature concerning effects of climate change on agriculture and its agricultural adaptation strategies, climate change impacts on Chepang communities and their maize farming. Climate change is perhaps the most serious environmental threat to agricultural productivity. Change in temperature and precipitation specially has greater influence on crop growth and productivity and most of these effect are found to be adverse. Climate change has been great global threat with global temperature rise by 0.83 °C and  global sea level rise by 0.19 m. Poor countries of the world are more vulnerable to changing climate due to different technological, institutional and resource constraints. In context of Nepal, practices like tree plantation, lowering numbers of livestock, shifting to off farm activities, sloping agricultural land technology (SALT) and shifting cultivation are most common coping strategies. Chepang, one of the most backward indigenous ethnic groups of Nepal are also found to perceive change in the climate. Perception  and adaptation strategies  followed by different farmers of world including Chepang  is mainly found to be effected by household head’s age, size of farm, family size, assessment to credit, information and extension service, training received and  transportation. Maize is second most important crop in Nepal in which increase in temperature is favorable in Mountain and its yield is negatively influenced by increase in summer rain and maximum temperature. Local knowledge of indigenous people provides new insights into the phenomenon that has not yet been scientifically researched. So, government should combine this perceptive with scientific climate scenario and should conduct activities in term of adoption strategies and policies to insist targeted and marginalized farmers.
Effects of storage structures and moisture contents on seed quality attributes of quality protein maize
Authors: Bhandari Gopal , Ghimire Tara Bahadur , Kaduwal Sangita , Shrestha Jiban , Acharya Ramesh
Published: January 2018

The study was aimed to examine the effects of various storage structures and moisture contents on seed quality attributes of quality protein maize seed. The quality protein maize (QPM-1) seed was tested in conventional seed storage containers (Fertilizer sack and earthen pot) and the improved hermetic ones (Metal bin, Super grain bag, and Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bag) at Seed Science and Technology Division, Khumaltar, Nepal during February, 2015 to January 2016. Ten treatments comprising 5 storage devices in two moisture regimes (11% and 9%) replicated thrice and laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data on temperature, relative humidity (RH), germination, electrical conductivity (EC), seed moisture content (MC) were collected bimonthly. The conventional containers were found liable to the external environmental condition whereas the hermetic structures observed with controlled RH level below 40% in all combinations. Electrical conductivity (EC) for seed vigor showed that hermetic containers provide higher seed vigor than the conventional ones. Up to 4 months all treatments were found statistically at par for germination. A significant difference was observed in each treatment after 4 months where PICS bag & Super grain bag showed best germination followed by metal bin while fertilizer bag & earthen-pot showed poorer and poorest germination respectively till one year. Almost all treatments with lower MC showed better results than the treatments with higher MC. A negative correlation (R2=69.7%) was found between EC and Germination. All six figures from 2 to 12 months on MC showed statistically different where hermetic plastic bags were found maintaining MC as initial whereas MC of fertilizer bags and earthen pot was spiked than the basal figure. The finding evidenced that the hermetic containers and low MC are the seed storage approaches for retaining the quality of seed even in an ambient environmental condition for more than a year.