bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Siderophore Production Capabilities of Tn5 Mutants from the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium (NFB) GXGL-4A Affect the Soil Microecology in Cucumber Rhizosphere
Authors: Zhang Yating , Wang Erxing , Feng Baoyun , Xu Lurong , Xue Yanwen , Chen Yunpeng
Published: January 2025

Many nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) can produce siderophores for iron acquisition in soil, but the impact of siderophore producing capabilities of NFB on the rhizosphere soil microecology is not well understood. To explore the effects of root inoculation with NFB strains with different siderophore producing capabilities on the rhizosphere soil microecology, the wild-type (WT) NFB strain Kosakonia radicincitans GXGL-4A and its Tn5 mutants M107 (high siderophore-producing ability) and M246-2 (deficient in siderophore production) were used as biofertilizers in cucumber rhizosphere soil. Iron is important for the growth of NFB bacterial cells, and the mutant M246-2 showed the slowest growth rate compared to the other strains when incubated in A15 nitrogen-free medium supplied with different levels of iron. The mutant M107 had the strongest chelating ability for iron, with the largest yellow halo on the CAS detection plate. There were statistically significant differences in the halo diameters among the three NFB groups. Compared with the control group, the application of NFB significantly increased the activities of soil peroxidase (S-POD) and dehydrogenase (S-DHA) and altered the soil nitrogen contents. Fertilization with the mutant M107 significantly improved cucumber biomass and reduced the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil compared to the other groups. The contents of soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+−N) and total nitrogen (TN), and soil dehydrogenase (S-DHA) showed significant correlations with the abundance of most Top 50 dominant genera in the soil. Soil TN content was the essential factor affecting the abundance of Kosakonia bacteria in cucumber rhizosphere.
Thrombocytopenia in Sepsis
Authors: Setarehaseman Alireza , Mohammadi Abbas , Maitta Robert W.
Published: January 2025

Platelets, traditionally known for their role in hemostasis, have emerged as key players in immune response and inflammation. Sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammation, often presents with thrombocytopenia, which at times can be significant. Platelets contribute to the inflammatory response by interacting with leukocytes, endothelial cells, and the innate immune system. However, excessive platelet activation and consumption can lead to thrombocytopenia and exacerbate the severity of sepsis. Understanding the multifaceted roles of platelets in sepsis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Targeting platelet-mediated inflammatory responses and promoting platelet production may offer potential avenues for improving outcomes in septic patients with thrombocytopenia. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying platelet dysfunction in sepsis and exploring novel therapeutic approaches to optimize platelet function and mitigate inflammation. This review explores the intricate relationship between platelets, inflammation, and thrombosis in the context of sepsis.
Correlation Between Systemic Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome, and Quality of Life in Psoriasis Patients
Authors: Mustață Maria-Lorena , Neagoe Carmen-Daniela , Rădulescu Virginia-Maria , Dragne Ioana-Gabriela , Cîmpeanu Radu-Cristian , Radu Lucrețiu , Ahrițculesei Roxana-Viorela , Forțofoiu Dragoș , Predoi Maria-Cristina , Ianoși Simona-Laura
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with important systemic and psychosocial impacts. The association with metabolic syndrome (MS) impairs disease severity and negatively influences patient-reported outcomes, particularly their quality of life as measured by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). This study aims to investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation, DLQI scores, and disease severity, focusing on the persistent impact of MS on patient outcomes after one year of treatment. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 150 psoriasis patients, with 74 also meeting the diagnostic criteria for MS. Clinical and inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII), cytokines (IL-17A, IL-23), leptin, BMI, and triglycerides were analyzed alongside PASI and DLQI scores. Results: Patients with MS had significantly higher PASI and DLQI scores compared to those without MS, reflecting worse disease severity and quality of life (p < 0.001). Elevated SII levels were strongly associated with higher DLQI scores (p < 0.0001). Despite considerable reductions in PASI scores over one year of treatment, DLQI scores indicated a persistent negative impact of MS on quality of life. Notably, markers of systemic inflammation, such as SII, leptin, and cytokines, correlated positively with both PASI and DLQI scores, highlighting the role of systemic inflammation in disease burden. Conclusions: This study underlines the significant role of systemic inflammation and metabolic comorbidities in amplifying the burden of psoriasis. The persistent impact of MS on quality of life despite clinical improvement underscores the need for comprehensive treatment approaches targeting systemic inflammation, metabolic health, and psychosocial factors to improve long-term outcomes.
Design of an Optimal Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for MRI Brain Tumor Classification by Exploiting Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: El Amoury Sofia , Smili Youssef , Fakhri Youssef
Published: January 2025

The classification of brain tumors using MRI scans is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning, though it poses significant challenges due to the complex and varied characteristics of tumors, including irregular shapes, diverse sizes, and subtle textural differences. Traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) models, whether handcrafted or pretrained, frequently fall short in capturing these intricate details comprehensively. To address this complexity, an automated approach employing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been applied to create a CNN architecture specifically adapted for MRI-based brain tumor classification. PSO systematically searches for an optimal configuration of architectural parameters—such as the types and numbers of layers, filter quantities and sizes, and neuron numbers in fully connected layers—with the objective of enhancing classification accuracy. This performance-driven method avoids the inefficiencies of manual design and iterative trial and error. Experimental results indicate that the PSO-optimized CNN achieves a classification accuracy of 99,19%, demonstrating significant potential for improving diagnostic precision in complex medical imaging applications and underscoring the value of automated architecture search in advancing critical healthcare technology.
The Promise, Problem and Possibility of Timber Bamboo as a Sustainable Building Fiber
Authors: Chilton Kate , Kadivar Marzieh , Hinkle Hal
Published: January 2025

Despite improving operational efficiency of buildings, annual emissions from construction remain stubbornly high. The substitution of fast-growing biogenic materials for high-carbon footprint extractive materials is increasingly discussed as a mitigation tool. Here we identify the relative interest in timber bamboo as such a tool through literature and biobliometric analysis. We review the carbon capturing and structural properties of timber bamboo that underly bamboo’s growing research interest, which, however, has yet to translate to any material degree of adoption in mainstream construction. Given the near absence of subsidies, regulatory mandates and “green premiums”, timber bamboo must become fully cost competitive with existing materials to achieve adoption and provide its carbon mitigation promise. The main problems preventing timber bamboo’s cost competitiveness are analyzed with possible solutions proposed. Finally, the beneficial climate prospects of adopting timber bamboo buildings in substitution for 25% of new cement buildings is projected at over 10 billions tonnes of reduced carbon emissions from 2035 to 2050 and nearly 45 billion tonnes of reduced carbon emissions from 2035 to 2100.
Polyphenols Profile, and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Romanian Wild-Grown Acer spp. (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Bejenaru Cornelia , Segneanu Adina-Elena , Bejenaru Ludovic Everard , Biţă Andrei , Radu Antonia , Mogoşanu George Dan , Ciocîlteu Maria Viorica , Manda Costel Valentin
Published: January 2025

Our paper investigates for the first time, the polyphenols profile and in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of the leaves and fruits of Romanian wild-grown Acer spp. (Sapindaceae): A. campestre L., A. monspessulanum L., A. platanoides L., A. pseudoplatanus L., A. tataricum L. High-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet/mass spectrometry (HPLC/UV/MS) technique was used for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids. The spectrophotometric method was applied for the assessment of total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant assays. In situ antioxidant properties were determined on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates after DPPH derivatization. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition effect was evaluated using microplate-based assay. Considering the polyphenols profile of Acer spp., our research highlights new natural resources with in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities.
Study on the Design and Performance of Seed Discharger for Peanut Plot Breeding Based on CFD-DEM Method
Authors: Ren Degang , Chang Xueliang , Liu Bing , Yang Yangyang , Li Mengzhu , Wang Dongwei , Gao and Zenghui
Published: January 2025

A seed discharger for peanut plot breeding was designed and its seed supply, seed carrying, seed discharge and seed clearing processes were analysed. Two single stroke cylinders were used for seed replacement and to avoid confusion between different varieties of seeds. The working performance of the seed discharger was simulated by CFD-DEM mothed. The simulation results showed that the seed section hole could adsorb the seeds stably, the adsorption force at the seed suction hole was about 0.02N, and the seed clearing time was 0.31s, when the rotation speed of the seed discharge cylinder was set to be 25r/min, the diameter of the seed suction hole was set to be 6mm, and the working negative pressure was set to be 5.5kPa. The developed seed discharger was installed on the test bench to carry out the central composite design experiment, and the test results were analysed and optimized by Design-Expert software. The optimal parameters of the seed discharger were obtained as follows: rotational speed of the seed cylinder is 24.38 r/min, the diameter of the seed suction hole is 5.73 mm, and the working negative pressure is -6.15 kPa. Finally, the seed discharger was tested in the field, and the result shown that the seed spacing pass rate was more than 90%, the multiple seeds rate was less than 6%, the seed missing rate was less than 4.5%, and the seed clearing rate was always 100%, which met the requirements of peanut plot seeding.
The Effects of Indirect and Direct Modulation of Endocannabinoid System Function on Anxiety-Related Behavior in Mice Assessed in the Elevated Plus Maze Test
Authors: Kruk-Slomka Marta , Agnieszka Dzik , Biala Grazyna
Published: January 2025

Background: Endocannabinoid system (ECS) via cannabinoid (CB: CB1 and CB2) receptors and enzymes degrading endocannabinoids in the brain (atty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), plays a key role in regulation of mood and anxiety. However, the effects of cannabinoid compounds on anxiety-related responses is complex and yield mixed results depending on the type of pharmacological manipulation (direct or indirect) of functions of ECS, as well as kind of cannabinoids, dosage and procedure.
Methods: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the influence of the direct (via CB receptors ligands) and indirect (via inhibition of enzymes degrading endocannabinoids in the brain) pharmacological modulation of ECS function on the anxiety-like responses in mice in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. For this purpose, in the first step of experiments we used selected ligands of CB1, CB1/CB2 and CB2 receptors to asses which type of CB receptors is involved in the anxiety-related responses in mice. Next, we used inhibitors of FAAH or MAGL to assess which enzyme is more responsible for anxiety-related behavior in mice.
Results: The results of our presented research showed that an acute administration of CB1 receptor agonist – oleamide (5-20 mg/kg) had no influence on anxiety-related responses and CB1 receptor antagonist – AM 251 had anxiogenic (0.25-3 mg/kg) effects in the EPM test in mice. In turn, an acute administration of CB1/CB2 receptor agonist - WIN55,212-2 used at a dose of 1 mg/kg, had an anxiolytic effect observed in mice in the EPM test. What is of interest, both acute administration of CB2 receptor agonist (JWH 133 at the doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg) and antagonist (AM 630 at the doses of 0.5-2 mg/kg) had anxiogenic effects in this procedure. Moreover, we revealed that an acute administration of only FAAH inhibitor - URB 597 (0.3 mg/kg) had anxiolytic effect, while MAGL inhibitor (JZL 184) after an acute injection had no influence on anxiety behavior in mice observed in the EPM.
Conclusion: In our experiments we confirmed the significant involvement of the ECS in anxiety-related responses. Both pharmacological indirect and direct (mainly through the CB1 receptors) manipulation of ECS functions is able to elicit promising anxiolytic effects. Therefore, ECS could be a potential target for novel anxiolytic drugs; however the further studies are needed.
Metabolomic Insights into Wild and Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata): Lipid Composition, Freshness Indicators, and Environmental Adaptations
Authors: Marhuenda-Egea Frutos C. , Sánchez-Jerez Pablo
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study explores the metabolic adaptations and quality differences between wild and farmed gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), with a particular focus on lipid composition and metabolite profiles. These differences are examined in the context of varying environmental conditions, feeding regimes, and post-harvest processes. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy was employed to perform the metabolomic analysis. Methods: HR-MAS NMR was employed to analyze muscle tissue from wild and farmed seabream (produced in Spanish and imported from Greece), providing high-resolution spectra without requiring sample extraction. Metabolite quantification included polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), creatine, taurine, lactate, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Freshness was monitored using the K-value index, calculated from ATP derivative levels in samples stored at 4 °C. Results: Farmed seabream exhibited higher lipid content and PUFA levels (e.g., DHA and EPA) due to aquaculture diets, while wild seabream showed lower lipid concentrations and elevated levels of polar metabolites. Metabolic trade-offs in wild seabream reflected greater physical activity and environmental adaptation. The K-value indicated faster spoilage in farmed seabream, particularly from Greece, linked to handling conditions. HR-MAS provided precise, reproducible results, allowing direct quantification of key metabolites without altering sample integrity. Conclusions: The study highlights the influence of diet and environment on the metabolic profiles of seabream. HR-MAS NMR emerges as a robust method for metabolomic studies and freshness assessment. Findings emphasize the potential for dietary adjustments to optimize aquaculture practices and fish quality while underscoring the importance of sustainable production strategies. Further research into lipid metabolism genes and environmental factors is recommended to deepen understanding of these adaptations.
Integrating Machine Learning-Based Approaches into the Design of ASO Therapies
Authors: Leckie Jamie , Yokota Toshifumi
Published: January 2025

Rare diseases impose a significant burden on affected individuals, caregivers, and healthcare systems worldwide. Developing effective therapeutics for these small patient populations presents substantial challenges. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach that targets the underlying genetic cause of disease at the RNA level. Several ASOs have gained FDA approval for the treatment of genetic conditions, including use in personalized N-of-1 trials. However, despite their potential, ASOs often exhibit limited clinical efficacy, and optimizing their design is a complex process influenced by numerous factors. Machine learning-based platforms, including eSkip-Finder and ASOp-timizer, have been developed to address these challenges by predicting optimal ASO sequences and chemical modifications to enhance efficacy. eSkip-Finder focuses on exon-skipping applications, while ASOptimizer aims to optimize ASOs for RNA degradation. Preliminary in vitro results have demon-strated the promising predictive power of these platforms. However, limitations remain, including their generalizability to alternative targets and gaps in their consideration of all factors influencing ASO efficacy and safety. Continued advancements in machine learning models, alongside efforts to incorporate ad-ditional features affecting ASO efficacy and safety, hold significant promise for the field. These platforms have the potential to streamline ASO development, reduce associated costs, and improve clinical out-comes, positioning machine learning as a key tool in the future of ASO therapeutics.
Effect of Neutron Radiation on 10BPA-Loaded Melanoma Spheroids and Melanocytes
Authors: Szczepanek Monika , Silarski Michał , Panek Agnieszka , Telk Anna , Dziedzic-Kocurek Katarzyna , Parisi Gabriele , Altieri Saverio , Stępień Ewa Łucja
Published: January 2025

Melanoma is an aggressive disease that arises from mutations in the cells that produce the pigment melanin, melanocytes. Melanoma is characterized by a high mortality rate, due to avoidance of applied therapies and metastasis to other organs [1]. The peculiar features of BNCT, particularly its cell-level selectivity of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), make BNCT a promising modality for melanoma treatment. However, appropriate cellular models should be used to study new therapies or improve the efficacy of existing therapies. Spheroids, which have been used for years for in vitro studies of the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies, have many characteristics shared with tumors by which they can increase the accuracy of the cellular response compared to 2D cultures in vitro studies, and in the future reduce the use of animals for research. To the best of our knowledge, when we started researching the use of spheroids in BNCT therapy in vitro, there was no publication showing such use. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 3D cellular model (spheroids) for testing BNCT on melanoma cells. We assessed boronophenylalanine (10BPA) uptake using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry in both spheroids and 2D cultures of melanoma and melanocytes. DNA damage, Ki67 protein expression, and spheroid growth were analyzed. The experimental groups included: (1) IR_B (neutron flux + 50 µg 10B/ml), (2) IR (neutron flux alone), (3) C_B (no irradiation, 50 µg 10B/ml), and (4) C (no irradiation and no treatment with boron). The total absorbed doses were estimated to 2.1 – 3.1 Gy for IR_B cells and spheroids as well as 8.3 – 9.4 Gy for IR_B spheroids, while estimated doses for IR cells were 0.5 – 1.9 Gy. Results indicated that IR_B spheroids had reduced diameters and significantly higher DNA damage compared to other groups. Melanoma cells in the 3D model showed higher DNA damage levels than those in the 2D model. Moreover, the Ki67 assay revealed differences in the expression of this marker between irradiated melanoma cell lines. In conclusion, preincubation with 10BPA enhances BNCT efficacy, leading to cell growth inhibition and increased DNA fragmentation. Differences in DNA damage between 2D and 3D models may be due to dissimilarities in cell metabolism caused by a changed cell architecture.
An Overview of Design Techniques for Two-Dimensional Leaky-Wave Antennas
Authors: Negri Edoardo , Fuscaldo Walter , Burghignoli Paolo , Galli And Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional leaky-wave antennas offer effective, compact, single-feeder, easy-to-fabricate solutions to the longstanding problem of realizing a simultaneously directive and low-profile radiating device. These traveling-wave antennas have been thus proposed as wideband, reconfigurable, or frequency-scanning radiating structures in different application contexts, ranging from the microwave to terahertz frequency range. These diverse contexts call for a comprehensive guide for characterizing and designing two-dimensional leaky-wave antennas. In this work, a review of numerical techniques for the analysis of either quasi-uniform or radially periodic leaky-wave antennas is proposed. Theoretical results are corroborated through full-wave simulations of realistic three-dimensional models of the designed devices, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Long-Term Outcomes and Risk Stratification in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A 44-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Buta Marko , Santrac Nada , Goran Merima , Jeftic Nikola , Raketic Jovan , Savkovic Nevena , Pavlovic Saska , Zegarac Milan , Jokic Neven , Cvetkovic Ana , Stojanovic Marko , Jotic Ana , Gavrilović Dušica , Markovic Ivan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in children and adolescents is a ra-re, but significant malignancy, often presenting at more advanced stages compared to adults, although it is associated with favorable long-term outcomes. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and perform risk stratification with the goal of identify-ing low-risk patients who would benefit from less radical treatment approach. Meth-ods: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 21 years and younger with DTC, treated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia between 1980 and 2024. Results: The study analyzed 99 patients (39 children, 60 adolescents) with a me-dian follow-up of 15.6 years (range: 0.6–43.6 years). No significant differences in long-term outcomes were observed between children and adolescents. Multivariate regression analysis identified a total number of more than 10.5 positive lymph nodes and extrathyroidal tumor extension as independent predictors of adverse events and event-free interval (EFI). Based on these prognostic factors, patients were stratified in-to low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Statistically significant differences in EFI were observed among the three groups. Notably, none of the patients in the low-risk group had evidence of disease after treatment. Patients classified as having no evidence of disease after treatment demonstrated significantly better EFI compared to those with evidence of disease. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of meticulous risk stratification in predicting long-term outcomes and might serve as a basis for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Identifying low-risk patients who may benefit from a less aggressive treatment approach, while ensuring optimal treatment and follow-up for high-risk patients, remains a central objective in the mod-ern management of DTC.
Is Statistical Learning Affected by the Composition of the Speech Streams? Behavioral and Neural Evidence
Authors: Soares Ana Paula , Paiva Dario , Lema Alberto , Pereira Diana R. , Rodrigues Ana Cláudia , Mendes Oliveira Helena
Published: January 2025

Statistical learning (SL), the ability to extract patterns from the environment, has been assumed to play a central role in whole cognition, particularly in language acquisition. Evidence has been gathered, however, from behavioral experiments relying on simplified artificial languages, raising doubts on the generalizability of these results to natural contexts. Here, we tested if SL is affected by the composition of the streams by expositing participants to auditory streams containing either four nonsense words presenting a transitional probability (TP) of 1.0 (unmixed high-TP condition), four nonsense words presenting TPs of .33 (unmixed low-TP condition) or two nonsense words presenting TP of 1.0 and two TP of .33 (mixed condition), first, under incidental (implicit), and, subsequently, under intentional (explicit) conditions to further ascertain how prior knowledge modulates the results. Electrophysiological and behavioral data were collected from the familiarization and test phases of each of the SL tasks. Behavior results revealed reliable signs of SL for all the streams, even though differences across stream conditions failed to reach significance. The neural results revealed, however, facilitative processing of the mixed over the unmixed low-TP and the unmixed high-TP conditions in the N400 and P200 components, suggesting that moderate levels of entropy boost SL.
Power Shift: Decarbonization and the New Dynamics of Energy Markets
Authors: Raineri Ricardo
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the transformative effects of decarbonization on electricity market design, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities posed by the rapid integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. It analyzes the evolution of key wholesale market segments—including day-ahead, real-time, capacity, long-term purchase agreements, ancillary services, and transmission markets—highlighting their critical roles in managing the variability of renewable energy generation through efficient price signals and resource coordination. Variable renewable energy integration introduces significant operational challenges, including overgeneration risks, ramping capacity demands, forecast inaccuracies, and transmission constraints. Addressing these issues requires enhanced market flexibility, dynamic pricing mechanisms, and advanced real-time balancing strategies. This paper assesses these challenges, offering strategies to align generation with demand and optimize market outcomes. As electricity systems evolve, legacy market structures must adapt to incorporate carbon-free resources while maintaining grid reliability and economic sustainability. By exploring case studies such as Chile and California, the paper demonstrates the importance of targeted innovations in market design, regulatory frameworks, and operational technologies. It advocates for a holistic approach to ensure a reliable, affordable, and equitable transition to a decarbonized energy future.
Targeting Inflammation and Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: A Focus on Older Adults
Authors: Maidana Daniela , Arroyo-Álvarez Andrea , Barreres-Martín Gillermo , Arenas-Loriente Andrea , Cepas-Guillen Pedro , Brigolin Garofo Raphaela Tereza , Caravaca-Pérez Pedro , Bonanad Clara
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a higher prevalence among older adults. Iron deficiency (ID), affecting up to 50% of HF patients, is closely linked to chronic inflammation, exacerbating HF outcomes. This review aims to explore the interplay between inflammation, ID, and HF, focusing on older patients, and to identify therapeutic gaps and emerging treatment strategies. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, empha-sizing the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammation and ID in HF, the challenges of current diagnostic criteria, and the limitations of available treatments. Emerging pharmacological and diagnostic approaches were analyzed. Results: Chronic inflamma-tion in HF, particularly in older adults, promotes functional ID through elevated hepcidin levels, impairing iron availability and worsening anemia. Current diagnostic criteria, relying heavily on ferritin, often misclassify ID due to inflammation. Intravenous (IV) iron therapy shows clinical benefits in patients with <50% left ventricular ejection fraction, but evidence is limited in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Emerging therapies, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors like Roxadustat, offer promising avenues to improve iron metabolism and outcomes. Conclusions: ID and inflammation significantly impact HF progression, particularly in older adults. Refining diagnostic criteria and exploring innovative therapies are critical to addressing these challenges. Future research should prioritize personalized approaches targeting inflammation and ID, especially in underrepresented populations, such as HFpEF and elderly patients.
Design, Manufacturing, and Economic Analysis of Parametric Open-Source 3-D Printed Easy Connect Pipe Fittings
Authors: Fini Abolfazl Taherzadeh , Brooks Cameron , Romani Alessia , Straatman Anthony G. , Pearce Joshua
Published: January 2025

The amount of non-revenue water is around 126 billion cubic meters annually worldwide mostly due to leakage. A more efficient wastewater management strategy would use a parametric design for on-demand customized pipe fittings, following the principles of distributed manufacturing. To fulfill this need, this study introduces an open-source parametric design of a 3D printable easy connect pipe fitting that offers compatibility with different dimensions and materials of the pipes available in the market. Custom pipe fittings were 3D printed using a RepRap-class fused filament 3D printer, with polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filament feedstocks for the validation. The 3D-printed connectors underwent hydrostatic water pressure tests to meet standards for residential, agricultural, and renewable energy production applications. All the printed parts passed numerous hydrostatic pressure tests. PETG couplings can tolerate up to 660±20 psi of hydrostatic pressure, which is eight times larger than the highest standard water pressure for the residential sector. Based on the economic analysis, the cost of 3D printing a pipe coupling is 3 to 17 times lower cost than purchasing a commercially available pipe fitting of a similar size. The new open-source couplings demonstrate particular potential for use in developing countries and remote areas.
Pediatric Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease with Malar Erythema: A Case Report and Review of Cutaneous and Histopathologic Presentations in Childhood
Authors: Soto-Moreno Alberto , Vílchez-Márquez Francisco , Narváez-Simón María , Castro-Martín Julia , Ramos-Pleguezuelos Francisco Manuel , Soto-Díaz Agustín , Tercedor-Sánchez Jesús , Arias-Santiago Salvador
Published: January 2025

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare condition characterized by necrotizing lymphadenitis and fever, often associated with immune dysregulation. Histologically, it features necrotic foci with abundant histiocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but notably lacks neutrophils and eosinophils. Recent evidence reveals a notable prevalence among pediatric patients, who may exhibit distinct features compared to adults.
We report the case of an 11-year-old girl presenting with persistent fever, cervical adenopathy, and a malar rash, leading to a diagnosis of KFD following lymph node biopsy, which revealed non-suppurative necrosis and histiocytic infiltration. Empirical treatment with antivirals and antibiotics was ineffective, but corticosteroid therapy achieved symptom remission.
A literature review identified 48 relevant studies involving 386 pediatric cases, with histopathological findings consistent with classical descriptions of KFD. Cutaneous involvement was reported in 11.14% of cases, ranged from maculopapular rashes to lupus-like eruptions. Notable complications included the development of systemic lupus erythematous, Sjögren syndrome, and rare instances of hemophagocytic syndrome or central nervous system involvement. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with fever and lymphadenopathy, taking into account a higher frequency of cutaneous manifestations that in adult cases.
Sigma Martingales: Foundations, Properties, and a New Proof of the Ansel-Stricker Lemma
Authors: Sohns Moritz
Published: January 2025

Sigma martingales generalize local martingales through localizing sequences of predictable sets, which are essential in stochastic analysis and financial mathematics, particularly for arbitrage-free markets and portfolio theory. In this work, we present a new approach to sigma martingales that avoids using semimartingale characteristics. We develop all fundamental properties, provide illustrative examples, and establish the core structure of sigma martingales in a new, straightforward manner. This approach culminates in a new proof of the Ansel-Stricker lemma, which states that one-sided bounded sigma martingales are local martingales. This result, referenced in nearly every publication on mathematical finance, traditionally relies on the original French-language proof.
Molecular Markers Specific for the Pseudomonadaceae Genera Provide Novel and Reliable Means for the Identification of Other Pseudomonas Strains/spp. Related to These Genera
Authors: Rudra Bashudev , Gupta Radhey S.
Published: January 2025

Conserved Signature Indels (CSIs) in protein sequences, which are specific for species from dif-ferent genera demonstrate strong predictive potential of being found in other members of these genera. For several recently described Pseudomonadaceae genera (viz Aquipseudomonas, Atopomonas, Caenipseudomonas, Chryseomonas Ectopseudomonas, Geopseudomonas, Halopseudomonas, Metapseudo-monas, Phytopseudomonas, Serpens, Stutzerimonas, Thiopseudomonas, and Zestomonas), multiple tax-on-specific CSIs have been identified. This study examines the potential applications of these CSIs for identifying unclassified Pseudomonas spp. (strains) related to these genera. This was done using the AppIndels.com server, which uses information for the known taxon-specific CSIs in a genome sequence for predicting its taxonomic affiliation. For these studies, sequence information for different CSIs specific for the Pseudomonadaceae genera, and specific for P. aeruginosa and P. parae-ruginosa, were added to the server’s database. The server was then used to analyze the genomes of 1972 Pseudomonas spp. (strains/isolates) of unknown taxonomic affiliation. Based upon the analyses conducted by the AppIndels server, which determined the presence of significant number of taxon-specific CSIs in the analyzed genome, the server predicted that 299 of the analyzed genomes corresponded to the following clades/genera: Pseudomonas sensu stricto clade (46 strains), Ec-topseudomonas (46 strains), Chryseomonas (32 strains), Stutzerimonas (31 strains), Metapseudomonas (22 strains), Aquipseudomonas (21 strains), Phytopseudomonas (17 strains), Halopseudomonas (9 strains), Geopseudomonas (4 strains), Thiopseudomonas (3 strains), Serpens (2 strains), Caenipseudomonas (1 strain) and Zestomonas (1 strain). Additionally, 64 examined Pseudomonas spp. genomes were identified as P. aeruginosa. Phylogenetic studies performed here show that the taxonomic predic-tions made by the server were 100% accurate. Thus, based upon genome sequence information, the identified taxon-specific CSIs provide a novel and useful means for identifying other spe-cies/strains affiliated with the specific genera. The results of phylogenetic studies also suggest that many unclassified Pseudomonas strains whose taxonomic affiliations was predicted would likely constitute novel species in the indicated genera
Leveraging Advanced AI in Activity-Based Costing (ABC) for Enhanced Cost Management
Authors: Chen Bing
Published: January 2025

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Activity-Based Costing (ABC) systems represents a pivotal transformation in cost accounting methodologies. This paper explores the practical application of AI-driven ABC systems in modern enterprises, emphasizing their impact on improving cost allocation precision, operational efficiency, and strategic decision-making. Through a thorough examination of algorithmic frameworks, comprehensive case studies, and measurable outcomes, this study demonstrates how AI can fundamentally reshape cost management practices and support broader organizational objectives.
Pre-Admission Antiplatelet Therapy in Cryptogenic Stroke: A Double-Edged Sword
Authors: Seetge Jessica , Cséke Balázs , Karádi Zsófia Nozomi , Bosnyák Edit , Szapáry László
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cryptogenic stroke, a challenging subtype of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), is characterized by the absence of an identifiable etiology despite thorough diagnostic assessment. The role of pre-admission antiplatelet therapy (APT) in this population remains poorly understood, as current guidelines are primarily based on evidence from other stroke subtypes. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of pre-admission APT on functional outcomes in pa-tients with cryptogenic stroke.
Methods: A total of 224 patients with cryptogenic stroke admitted to the University of Pécs between February 2023 and September 2024 was retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) with sensitivity analysis was employed to balance baseline characteristics, resulting in a matched cohort of 122 patients. Logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the association between pre-admission APT and favorable outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2.
Results: A favorable outcome was achieved by 39.3% of patients with pre-admission APT (n = 61), compared to 61.7% of those not receiving pre-admission APT (n = 162) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22–0.74, p = 0.004). After PSM and adjusting for confounders, including pre-morbidity mRS (pre-mRS) (p < 0.001), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 72 hours post-stroke (p = 0.004), and smoking status (p = 0.025), pre-admission APT remained associated with poorer functional outcomes (adjusted OR [aOR] = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.76, p = 0.018).
Conclusions: Pre-admission APT is independently associated with poorer functional outcomes in cryptogenic stroke patients. These findings challenge traditional assumptions regarding APTs protective role and highlight the need for prospective studies to refine its use in cryptogenic stroke management.
Effects of Grafting with Different Rootstocks on Fruit Yield and Quality of Muskmelon Under Continuous Cropping
Authors: Ye Hongxia , Zhang Caiyu , Wang Bingliang
Published: January 2025

Fusarium wilt disease as one of the most serious soil-borne hazards is a threat to the development of melon (Cucumis melo L.) production in southern China. Grafting is a promising approach to control melon fusarium wilt disease, but it often leads to a deterioration in fruit quality. An ideal rootstock for grafting should not only effectively control melon fusarium wilt disease but also enhance both yield and fruit quality, at least without causing significant adverse effects. As seed companies continue to extend the rootstock varieties, selecting the most suitable rootstock for the primary melon cultivars is very important for the development of the melon industry. Using two primary muskmelon cultivars ‘ZheTian 105’ (ZT105) and ‘ZheTian 401’ (ZT401) in Zhejiang Province as scion, and taking one squash (interspecific hybrids between Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata) ‘Sizhuang No.12’ (SZ12) and four melon ‘YongZhen No 9’(YZ9), ‘XiaTe’ (XT), ‘ZhenTian No 1’ (ZT1) and ‘T1-151’ (T1) as rootstock, the yield and fruit quality including total soluble solid content(SSC), flesh texture and flavor of grafted melon were measured, compared with non-grafted melon. The results indicated there was no significant difference in single fruit weight among the grafted melon and non-grafted melon, while the yield of most grafted melon was significantly higher than that of non-grafted melon. No significant differences were observed in SSC and flesh texture among the grafted and non-grafted melon. The fruit of the “ZT401/SZ12” combination exhibited peculiar odors reminiscent of pumpkin flavor, negatively affecting edibility, whereas the fruit of the “ZT105/SZ12” combination did not. Considering both yield and fruit quality, the results indicated that the squash rootstock “SZ12” and the melon rootstocks “ZT1” are suitable for grafting with the muskmelon cultivar “ZT105”, while the melon rootstocks “ZT1” and “T1” are appropriate for grafting with the muskmelon cultivar “ZT401”.
Iodine(III) in Photochemistry. A brief Overview
Authors: Ibarra-Gutiérrez Jaime G. , Segura-Quezada Luis A. , Hernández-Velázquez Edson D. , García-Dueñas Ana K. , Millán-Cortés José A. , Mondragón-Hernández Kevin , Miranda-Navarrete Luz K. , Valtierra-Camarena Evelyn M. , Yebra-Rivera Steffi Y. , Alférez-Carmona Omar E. , Ávalos-Otero Oliver E. , de León-Solís Claudia , Ortíz-Alvarado Rafael , Solorio-Alvarado César R.
Published: January 2025

Iodine(III) reagents became a highly relevant tool in organic synthesis due to the great versatility as strong but green oxidants. Several transformations involving the cyclizations as well as functionalization of different organic cores have been broadly described and reviewed. Herein a new facet which involves the participation of these reagents in photochemical transformations exclusively by direct irradition or in photoredox cycles using some transition metals, will be briefly described as well as some plausible further transformations that potentially can be developed.
Climate Change Communication in Vietnam’s Online Newspapers and Its Implications for Climate Actions
Authors: Dang Thi Kim Phung
Published: January 2025

Climate change has become a prominent global issue, garnering the attention of governments and their populations due to persuasive scientific evidence concerning its sources and effects. Despite the fact that a strong commitment to finding ways of reducing individual emissions is an important element for coping with climate change, initiatives to enhance public awareness of climate issues and engage them in climate activities seem to be overlooked. Individuals' reactions to climate change are influenced by their understanding of its causes, consequences, and implications, which are impacted by public communication on the subject. However, the public discourse on climate change is problematic due to insufficient comprehension and oversimplification. There is also widespread debate regarding the causes and implications of climate change. Moreover, there is a scarcity of published literature on climate change communication in developing countries. To address these information gaps and current discussions, an analysis was performed on 397 articles from Vietnamese online newspapers. The research employed content analysis and framing to examine the communication of climate change to the public in Vietnam over the last two decades. The findings indicated an anthropocentric framing of climate change, highlighting institutional solutions and rendering a psychological distance for the general public. Moreover, the pervasive propaganda advocating for eco-friendly solutions and methods may generate an optimistic perception that this issue can be resolved without altering individual habits.
Motor Imagery EEG Classification Based on Multi-Domain Feature rotation and Stacking Ensemble
Authors: Zhu Xianglong , Meng Ming , Yan Zewen , Luo Zhizeng
Published: January 2025

Decoding motor intentions from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a critical component of motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs). In traditional EEG signal classification, effectively utilizing the valuable information contained within the electroencephalogram is crucial. To further optimize the use of information from various domains, we propose a novel framework based on multi-domain feature rotation transformation and stacking ensemble for classifying motor imagery tasks. Initially, we extract the features of Time Domain, Frequency domain, Time-Frequency domain, and Spatial Domain from the EEG signals, and perform feature selection for each domain to identify significant features that possess strong discriminative capacity. Subsequently, local rotation transformations are applied to the significant feature set to generate a rotated feature set, enhancing the representational capacity of the features. Next, the rotated features were fused with the original significant features from each domain to obtain composite features for each domain. Finally, we employ a stacking ensemble approach, where the prediction results of base classifiers corresponding to different domain features and the set of significant features undergo linear discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction, yielding discriminative feature integration as input for the meta-classifier for classification. The proposed method achieves average classification accuracies of 92.92%, 89.13%, and 86.26% on the BCI Competition III Dataset IVa, BCI Competition IV Dataset I, and BCI Competition IV Dataset 2a, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper outperforms existing methods in terms of classification accuracy and robustness.
The Impact of Mycotoxins in the Food Industry: Occurrence, Detection, and Mitigation Strategies-A Review
Authors: Maurya Urwashi
Published: January 2025

Mycotoxins: the invisible foes lurking in our food, crafted by sneaky fungi like Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. These toxic compounds might not be essential for their fungal creators, but they sure know how to wreak havoc on humans, animals, and even economies. From liver-wrecking aflatoxins to kidney-damaging ochratoxins, the lineup of these uninvited guests is as alarming as it is diverse. But don’t despair—this review dives into the fascinating world of mycotoxins, uncovering their origins, detection secrets, and the ingenious strategies employed to oust them from our food supply. With advanced tech like biosensors and molecular assays joining the fight, and biocontrol agents giving fungi a taste of their own medicine, the battle for safer, toxin-free food is well underway. Let’s decode the mysteries of mycotoxins and explore how science is turning the tide on these culinary saboteurs!
Preparation of Glass-Ceramic Materials by Controlled Crystallization of Eu2O3 Doped WO3-B2O3-La2O3 Glasses and Their Luminescent Properties
Authors: Yordanova Aneliya , Milanova Margarita , Aleksandrov Lyubomir , Iordanova Reni , Tzvetkov Peter , Markov Pavel , Petrova Petia
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the crystallization behavior of 52WO3:22B2O3:26La2O3:0.5Eu2О3 glass has been investigated in detail by XRD and TEM analysis. The luminescent properties of the resulting glass-ceramics were also investigated. By XRD and TEM analysis, crystallization of β-La2W2O9 and La2WO6 crystalline phases has been proved. Photoluminescent spectra showed increased emission in the resulting glass-ceramic samples compared to the parent glass sample due to higher asymmetry of Eu3+ ions in the obtained crystalline phases. It was established that the optimum emission intensity is registered for glass-ceramic samples obtained after 18 h heat treatment of the parent glass.