bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study on household dependence on well water, source of contamination and well protection measures adopted by an urban and rural population in Kollam, Kerala
Authors: Binu Jeffy , Salam Halma , A. Jibina K. , Fazil Fathahiya , T. Hasnath K. , S. Greeshma
Published: May 2021

Background: Wells are a common ground water source readily explored to meet community water requirement. Open wells of Kerala have the problem of bacterial contamination, which causes diarrhea diseases especially in children. Close proximity of well to septic tank, waste pit and cattle shed can be considered as a leading cause of contamination of water. The present study had gone into the details of dependence of dug well, possible source of contamination and protective measures taken for drinking water safely by various households in both urban and rural population.Methods: Cross sectional study design applied in order to address the objectives of the study. Using systematic random sampling techniques 80 households were selected from urban and rural areas. Pretested interview schedule were used as the data collection tool.Results: 100% of households are depending on dug well for all their use like drinking, cooking, cleaning etc. 95% households treat water and among them 93.4% boil water before drinking. 40% of houses followed well protection measures. Significant association was found between urban and rural set-up in the distance of well from septic tank (p value is 0.004<0.01). There is statistically significant association in frequency of chlorination in urban and rural population (p value is 0.015<0.05). Occurrence of diarrhea was found to be nil in past two weeks from the time of data collection among under-fives.Conclusions: Disease like diarrhea can be prevented in under-fives by following well protection measures and boiling water before drinking in both urban and rural areas.
A single-center study on impact of psychological intervention to acclimatize medical staffs who are serving COVID-19 disease patients, to continue hospital activities without any disruption
Authors: Dalal Dhaval , Thiyagarajan Kamalpriya , Nipane Humeshwari , Gawali Vijaykumar
Published: May 2021

Background: COVID-19 has brought psychological disorders that affect health care workers and the general public. Hence it is important to have necessary counselling to address the psychological, social aspects of the pandemic to ensure psychological well-being of especially Health-care Workers and preserve their innate and acquired immunity.Methods: The study was planned as single centre retrospective study and conducted between April and June 2020 at dedicated COVID-19 hospital in India. Front-line HCWs more than 18 years, of any gender working in COVID-19 hospital and willing to participate for the study were enrolled in the study. Study included two questionnaires, generalized anxiety disorder scale, and socio-demographics and COVID-19 related awareness questionnaire. Measurements were taken pre and post the psychological counselling intervention.Results: As per generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) scale people suffering from moderate anxiety disorder dropped from 19% (pre counselling) to 5% (post counselling) and severe cases dropped from 14% (pre counseling) to 2% (post counseling), there was statistically significant difference observed due to psychological intervention in GAD scale (Chi square test-10.794, p value=3.67E-27). Socio demographics and COVID-19 related awareness questionnaire results were statistically significant (Chi square test-11.945, p value=6.91E-33).Conclusions: Counselling interventions based on scientific data offered in groups by investigator with an accurate knowledge of the COVID-19 and its manifestation increased the confidence of health care workers (HCWs) and reduced anxiety level. This was translated into the full availability of HCWs on the clinical study site, although medical services were disrupted while other hospitals were starving due to lack of staff.
Knowledge, awareness and practices related to Hepatitis-B infection and vaccine among general population in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Abdullah Zoha , Prathiyumannan Priya , Mani Rajameena , Marimuthu Rajanila , Rasheed Rashmina , Patil Rohit Chandrakanth , Mariappan Roshini , Premnath Parvathy
Published: May 2021

Background: In India, 1,50,000 deaths are reported annually and 60 million people are affected due to Hepatitis B virus. For any government prevention programs to succeed, community awareness and participation is vital. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge and awareness of hepatitis-B virus and vaccination among general population in rural areas. We also assessed the practices related to the hepatitis B vaccination.Methods: We conducted a house to house survey in villages of Chengalpattu district. A total of 323 participants agreed to participate in the survey. A 22 item questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. Independent t test was used to assess the difference in responses based on the independent variables. Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the association between the level of knowledge, awareness and practice scores.Results: A total of 323 participants agreed to participate in the survey. Nearly, 87.9% had never heard about hepatitis B. The awareness of a vaccine for hepatitis B among the study subjects was 6.5%. Higher knowledge, awareness and practice were found among those with higher education and working professionals (p<0.05). Knowledge, awareness and practice were positively correlated (p<0.005).Conclusions: It can be concluded that the levels of knowledge, awareness and practice in the rural population of Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu were marginally low. Extensive awareness and prevention programs related to Hepatitis B virus and its vaccine should be conducted targeting high risk populations.
A theory of mindfulness caring in community health nursing
Authors: Suwarsi Suwarsi , Baua Elizabeth C.
Published: May 2021

Most adolescent mortality and morbidity is preventable or treatable, but adolescents face specific barriers in accessing health information and services. The problems in the community in the youth group are free sex behaviour, the use of alcohol and drugs. This research to develop a caring theory model that can be applied by community nurses in the community in enhancing the awareness of adolescent age groups in the community. Research method used conceptual paper are based on previous research that the author has done (4 articles) and combines the literature review (7 results) that the author has done from April-November 2020. Result in this research indicate that the theory will become the bases or foundation for nurses to become mindful of their role as community health nurses. They need to optimize their Role in Caring for community adolescents in addressing societal problems like drug abuse, teenage pregnancy. Public awareness involves collaboration between governments by making people aware of existing laws and policies. National strategies and action plans for adolescent-specific health policies; Health management: health human resources, health facilities, networks: community health cadres, school communities; Family and peers are needed to increase awareness of adolescent behaviour so that through caring a sense of empathy and youth will be realized. Conclution in this research is nurses can apply the theory of mindfulness caring. Problems related to adolescent behavior can be overcome with cooperation in various sectors, so awareness by these sectors is the key in preventing the impact of deviant adolescent behavior.
Health care services and challenges among transgender in India
Authors: A. M. Shagirunisha Rizvana , K. Karthikeyan , . Thenmozhi , Britto Rock , George Neethu , M. Tamilarasan
Published: May 2021

Transgender is a term defined as individuals with gender identity is different compared with those who are born with male and female anatomies. There are facing shame, disgrace, exclusion from society, so they are more prone for HIV infection and neglected from society. Even though the government made a various schemes and bills for transgender rights to make them socially equal in the community, but they are neglected by society because of less awareness about the transgender.
Faculty development programs for implementing competency based medical education in India: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nagaraja Manjunatha S. , M. L. Revathi Devi
Published: May 2021

India has rolled out competency based medical education which means a thorough overhaul of pedagogical and assessment methods. Several new components are introduced which require focussed faculty training and handholding at times. The erstwhile medical council of India had prepared a meticulous roadmap for this and dedicated faculty development programs were initiated for the smooth and effective transition into CBME. The possible challenges and gaps in faculty development are discussed with available options in this paper. To discharge their duties efficiently, the competencies for the faculty also need to be defined and they should progress from ‘knows’ level to ‘does’ level through longitudinal faculty development programs. The fidelity testing is the key for transfer of learning during FDP for the benefit of the students.
Comparison of efficacy of topical 5% minoxidil alone versus topical 5% minoxidil with autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy in treatment of androgenetic alopecia: A randomised open label study
Authors: Padhiar Bela , Raveendran Sruthy
Published: May 2021

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a type of progressive hairloss, where there is androgen mediated conversion of susceptible terminal hairs into vellus hairs, in genetically predisposed individuals.

To compare efficacy of Topical 5% Minoxidil alone versus Topical 5% Minoxidil with Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy in patients with Androgenetic Alopecia.

This is aProspective study conducted in Department of Dermatology GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. A convenience sample of 62 men in the age group of 20-40 with Grade 2-5 AGA according to Hamilton- Norwood Grading were selected and was divided into 2 groups of 31 each. Presitting digital photographs and dermoscopic photos were taken. Autologous PRP was prepared using 18 ml of patients blood after double spin centrifugation and injected by Nappage technique. Results were assessed at the baseline and at the end of each sitting on the basis of change in hair density, photographic evaluation and patient’s self satisfaction.

Highly significant increase in hair density was achieved after 4 months of treatment. At T4 (Fourth Session of treatment) Group B showed higher hair density (42.97± 8.96) as compared to Group A (36.94 ± 11.57) which was statistically significant at P = 0.03

Group B showed better improvement as compared to Group A.PRP treatment has a positive therapeutic effect on male Androgenetic alopecia without major side effects.
Profile of Intentional and Iatrogenic skin afflictions: An observational study
Authors: D Chordiya Rohit , Jitendra Lakhani Som , Biyani Vinaykumar , Mahajan Rashmi , D Lakhani Jitendra
Published: May 2021

Intentional skin afflictions are often done as a means of relief from medical disorders as in the case of skin branding or as a means of cosmesis and beautification as in body piercing and tattooing. Such practices often have medical and psychosocial consequences.

An observational study was carried out at a teaching hospital where a total of 36 (20 male and 16 female) consecutive patients with skin affliction which were either intentional and/ or iatrogenic, were included in the study after informed consent.

Medical consultation was done for variety of skin afflictions and their consequences including skin branding (8), tattooing (12), body piercing(4), keloids(9) and hypertrophic scars(3). Abdominal causes of branding like ascites, umbilical hernia, chronic abdominal pain, huge splenomegaly were present in subjects who had undergone skin branding from faith healers. Psychosocial consequences of subjects who came for intervention and advice regarding unwanted tattoo marks and body piercing were Tattoo regrets, Army tattoo Policy, Requirement for job procurement, Relationship Conflicts, Disapproval from Peers, Self disapproval, Body image problems, Parental disapproval and others. Subjects having hypertrophic scars and keloids sought treatment for medical issues like pruritus and fear of carcinogenesis as well as for cosmetic reasons.

Studyingprofileandpsychosocial problems related to intentional/iatrogenic skin problems may give insight for prevention of such consequences in dermatology and medical practice.
Basal cell carcinoma masquerading as lupus vulgaris - A case report
Authors: Danny C Geo , N Abhinesh , Srinivasan Shreya , Pravin Avinash
Published: May 2021

Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly occurring non melanoma skin cancer in the world and overall incidence is still increasing. Metastases is rare in Basal cell carcinoma. Herein we present a case report of Basal cell carcinoma mimicking Lupus vulgaris
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1971
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1971.
Monitoramento de biscoitos recheados no ano de 2019
Authors: Iglesia Viviane
Published: May 2021

Os biscoitos surgiram na época do Egito Antigo e a partir daí surgiram outros tipos de biscoitos, sendo o macarron o primeiro biscoito recheado a ser registrado. Em 2019, o Brasil foi considerado em 4° lugar como maior vendedor de biscoitos em toneladas. Os biscoitos recheados são categorizados como alimentos ultraprocessados e estão associados a uma alimentação não saudável. Desde 2011 o Brasil possui um Plano de Ações Estratégicas no Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis que se estenderá e será complementado com outras propostas até o ano de 2030. A dieta brasileira é composta por uma alimentação tradicional combinada a alimentos ultraprocessados. Diante desta realidade o Ministério da Saúde acordou com as indústrias alimentícias um Plano de Redução de Açúcares em 6 categorias de alimentos, onde os biscoitos recheados se enquadram. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar os resultados obtidos através das análises de rotulagem e dos ensaios para determinação de açúcares totais e carboidratos não redutores avaliados em sacarose. Das 25 amostras analisadas, 28% foram insatisfatórias em relação às denominações de venda, 36% apresentaram declaração dos açúcares na tabela de informação nutricional e 24% tiveram resultados analíticos acima da meta estabelecida pela ABIMAPI. Concluímos que são necessárias ações de educação alimentar e nutricional tanto para as mães responsáveis pela alimentação das crianças quanto para os adolescentes e incentivo à prática de atividades físicas e a continuidade do monitoramento dos biscoitos recheados.
Clitoria ternatea: Avaliação do tempo de extração de compostos fenólicos obtidos pela técnica assistida por ultrassom
Authors: Alves da Silva Gisele Fernanda , Dos Santos Luan Gustavo , Gomes Bruno Marques , Guimarães Martins Vilásia
Published: May 2021

A utilização de novas técnicas de extração de compostos fenólicos vem sendo estudadas no decorrer dos anos. O principal objetivo de técnicas aprimoradas de extração é a redução da utilização de solventes tóxicos e, também, promover a recuperação de biocompostos com maior agilidade e menor gasto energético. A extração por ultrassom utiliza ondas sonoras que são capazes de promover cavitações no interior de soluções, rompendo a parede de celular de diversos materiais, disponibilizando e extraindo os compostos com maior agilidade. A Clitoria ternatea (CT) é conhecida no Brasil como cunhã, flor azul, fada azul ou, então, butterfly pea, sendo comumente empregada na elaboração de chás. No entanto, esta planta apresenta atividade antioxidante, quelante de metais, antimicrobiana e anti-hiperglicêmica devido seu conteúdo de compostos fenólicos. Portanto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo obter extratos hidroalcóolicos de CT utilizando a técnica assistida por ultrassom em diferentes tempos de extração (20, 40, 60, 120 e 240 min), avaliar o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante, determinando o melhor tempo de extração. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que dentre os tempos de extração estudados, o teor de compostos fenólicos extraídos das pétalas de CT variou entre 5,55 e 7,16 (mg g-1), sendo a melhor condição obtida no tempo de 20 min. Em relação a atividade antioxidante pelos métodos de ABTS e DPPH, foi observado que não houve diferença significativas entre os extratos obtidos, apresentando-se superior aos relatados na literatura, demonstrando grande potencial de aplicação dos extratos.
Limitation and Recommendation for Rice Cultivation on the Problem Soils in the Southern Region of Vietnam
Authors: Minh Vo Quang , Khoa Le Van , Tri Le Quang , Vu Pham Thanh , Du Thai Thanh
Published: May 2021

Background: Soil degradation is the factor causing crops yield decline in the Southern region of Vietnam. Since the recommendations for limitation of soil constraints will consult the proper problem soil management. Methods: The soil limitation identified based on soil chemistry, physics and morphology properties, suggested by Sanchez et al (1998 and 2003). Soil data of 28 field experiments were analysed. Result: There were 25 rice soil fertility classes, among those, CC (clay in top and subsoil) and CCs (clay in top and subsoil, saline affected) types occupied in large areas. The major soil limitation for rice cultivation including soils low in % organic carbon (o); high in P fixation and high Fe toxicity potential (i); potential salinity (s-); low available P (p); low pH and high Al (a); actual acid sulphate soils (c, c-) potential acid sulphate soils (f, f-). The leaching soil toxicity, application of N, P, K fertilizers and organic matter were recommended.
Biological inputs and agricultural policies in South America: between disruptive innovation and continuity
Authors: Goulet Frédéric
Published: May 2021

In South America, public policies take a strong interest in alternative technologies to agricultural chemical inputs (pesticides and fertilisers). Some South American countries support biological inputs, also known as bioinputs, through national incentive programmes and regulatory changes. Argentina, Brazil and Colombia are playing a leading role. However, the intention behind this promotion of bioinputs is not to break with industrial agricultural production models, from which States derive a large part of their tax income through exports. Rather, the goal is to foster coexistence between chemical and biological inputs in the context of a transition towards the bioeconomy. In this sense, the promotion of bioinputs meets the expectations of many South American farmers, as well as those of the agricultural inputs industry, which over the last few decades has diversified into these technologies. But these industrial dynamics are counter to certain farmers’ movements that defend on-farm production of biological inputs.
Povos indígenas e as relações culturais, econômicas e políticas: reflexões sobre a interculturalidade crítica e a decolonialidade
Authors: Da Silva Matheus Moreira , Ribeiro José Pedro Machado , Nazareno Elias
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo problematizar e comparar interpretações e relatos voltados à interculturalidade crítica, decolonialidade e ecologia de saberes, os quais articulam elementos culturais, epistêmicos, materiais e simbólicos ligados ao papel das mudanças culturais e econômicas dos povos indígenas brasileiros, de diversas etnias, diante dos vários segmentos da sociedade nacional. Lançamos mão de olhares antropológicos, de abordagem hermenêutica, utilizando como opção política e metodológica a pedagogia decolonial, as reflexões próprias, estabelecendo debates significativos para identificar ideias e posturas (também políticas) sobre as imposições do Ocidente ante os povos indígenas. A proposta aqui estabelecida pretende reunir questões vinculadas aos sistemas políticos e comerciais das várias comunidades indígenas e os embates epistemológicos que constituem esses cenários, bem como analisar, em torno da interculturalidade, as mudanças históricas ocasionadas pelos vários segmentos da sociedade nacional.
UJI KETAHANAN SUMP PIT WEST DENGAN SIMULASIWATER BALANCE PADA PT ADARO INDONESIA DI KABUPATEN TABALONG, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Hernan Andrew Carnegie , Triantoro Agus , Mustofa Adip
Published: May 2021

Rencana proses in pit dump pada kegiatan penambangan yang terletak di front penambangan menyebabkan sump yang lama akan ditutup serta dialihkan sehingga perlu dilakukan perencanaan untuk sump yang baru. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, sistem penyaliran yang digunakan PT Adaro Indonesia adalah sistem mine dewatering.Dalam penelitian ini, metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menentukan uji ketahanan sump di tambang terbuka dengan menggunakan simulasi waterbalance. Penelitian ini diawali dengan penentuan curah hujan rencana yang menggunakan metode distribusi gumbel, untuk menentukan catchment area menggunakan software Surfer 11. Setelah didapatkan curah hujan rencana dan catchment area maka dapat ditentukan jumlah air yang masuk ke dalam sump. Setelah itu dicari kapasitas sump yang direncanakan perusahaan dengan menggunakan software autocad untuk dilakukan analisis dengan menggunakan durasi hujan maksimum sebesar 6,42 jam.Hasil analisis dari penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa sump yang direncanakan sangat mampu menampung jumlah air yang masuk. Baik tanpa maupun dengan pompa, sehingga penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi mengenai batas critical level aman dengan melakukan simulasi pada elevasi 13 dan 12, maka setelah dilakukan simulasi maka pada elevasi 12 mampu untuk menampung hujan di durasi 6,42 jam. Kata kunci: mine dewatering, catchment area, sump, critical level
FATOR TOPOGRÁFICO (LS) DAS ÁREAS DE PASTAGEM DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO SÃO FRANCISCO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE IBITIRAMA (ES)
Authors: Fiorese Caio Henrique Ungarato
Published: May 2021

O fator topográfico ou fator LS representa a influência do relevo na erosão hídrica do solo. Em áreas de pastagem e, principalmente, em nível de bacia hidrográfica, a erosão se torna ainda mais preocupante. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o fator topográfico das pastagens da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego São Francisco (BHCSF), a fim de apoiar melhorias em planejamento antrópico e conservação dos solos locais. Os procedimentos ocorreram por meio do programa ArcGIS®. A pesquisa foi realizada nos meses de julho a setembro de 2020. A princípio, foi traçada a BHCSF, bem como as pastagens. O fator LS foi obtido através de método comumente utilizado na literatura. O mapa de declividade foi gerado a partir do Modelo Digital de Elevação extraído através de feições de curvas de nível. O fator LS foi quantificado e agrupado em classes. O fator LS varia de 0 a 50, com média de 1,332 e desvio padrão de 1,295. Há maior presença de LS ≤ 1,5, seguida da classe de 1,5 a 3. Valores acima de 1,5 indicam relevos mais irregulares e, logo, mais propensos à erosão. Porém, valores de LS maiores que 1,5 abrangem 40,737%. A maior parte das pastagens da BHCSF ocupa áreas com baixo fator topográfico e, portanto, mais favoráveis à prática da pecuária. É relevante a adoção de práticas conservacionistas, priorizando os locais de maior LS, bem como a prática da pecuária em locais com relevo mais plano.
BOLSA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Coelho Alex Almeida , Silva Arthur Neto Pinheiro da
Published: May 2021

O presente estudo faz uma análise do impacto da transferência condicionada de renda a famílias inseridas no Programa Bolsa Família, na cidade de Eirunepé-AM. O recorte correspondeu a um total de 5% de famílias atendidas pelo Programa em cada bairro da cidade. A análise tem caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Realizamos uma caracterização socioeconômica das famílias, com questões relacionadas às principais fontes de renda, despesas, atividades produtivas e rendimentos. Além disso, realizamos também uma descrição da distribuição de famílias beneficiárias da cidade. A análise qualitativa descreve a importância do Bolsa Família na percepção dos próprios beneficiários. Nossos dados indicam que o valor monetário do Programa é empregado para aquisição de itens do rancho, sendo gasto também com os filhos, garantindo ainda poder de compra e crédito através da posse de uma renda mensal contínua. Compreendemos que, em Eirunepé, o Bolsa Família se constitui como elemento essencial na manutenção das necessidades básicas de famílias pobres e extremamente pobres da cidade. Entendemos que a garantia de renda mensal é estruturadora de novas relações socioeconômicas das famílias estudadas, especialmente no se refere a poder de compra, geração de crédito no mercado e autonomia das famílias.
MOBBİNG DAVRANIŞLARININ ÇALIŞANLARIN TÜKENMİŞLİĞİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ: ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: DİKEN Ömer Faruk , BEDÜK Aykut
Published: May 2021

Mobbing, kişilerin etrafında, kişiliğine bağlı olarak tek veya fazla sayıda taraftar toplayarak zarar verilmek istenen kimseye baskı kurması, dalga geçmesi, çalıştığı işyerinde saygınlığını zedeleyecek girişimlerde bulunarak işi terk etmeye zorlaması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Bu tür ruhsal saldırılar duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı hissinde azalma şeklinde kişilerde tükenmişliğe neden olabilmektedir. Mobbing davranışlarının hastane personeli üzerinde tükenmişliğe ne derece etkili olduğunu amaç edinen çalışmada bir kamu üniversitesi hastanesi çalışanlarına doğrudan uygulanan anket yöntemiyle veriler elde edilmiş ve SPSS 22.0 yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Korelasyon analizinde, mobbing davranışları ile çalışanların tükenmişliği arasında pozitif yönlü güçlü, istatistiksel bakımdan anlamlı ilişki olduğu ve doğrusal regresyon analizi ile mobbing davranışı ortalamasındaki bir puanlık artış tükenmişlik düzeyini 0,57 puan arttırmaktadır. Tek yönlü anova testine göre, öğrenim düzeyi değişkeninin bireylerin kişisel başarı hissinde azalma ortalamalarını istatistiksel olarak etkilediği; t testi ile medeni durum değişkeninin bireylerin duygusal tükenme ortalamaları ile kişisel başarı hissinde azalma ortalamalarını istatistiksel olarak etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
İŞ YERİ NEZAKETSİZLİĞİNİN BİLGİ PAYLAŞMA TUTUMU VE İŞ ÇIKTILARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE ETİK İKLİMİN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: KIZILOĞLU Esra , AKGEMCİ Tahir
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı hemşirelerin iş yerinde karşılaştıkları nezaketsiz davranışların bilgi paylaşma tutumları, iş doyumları, işten ayrılma niyetleri ve performansları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca değişkenler arasındaki ilişkide etik iklimin aracı role sahip olup olmadığı da incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini Konya ili devlet, özel ve üniversite hastanelerinde görev yapan 507 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Veriler anket formu ile toplanmış ve analizlerde SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma da iş yeri nezaketsizliği ‘‘diğer hemşirelerden görülen nezaketsizlik’’, ‘‘amir/yöneticiden görülen nezaketsizlik’’, ‘‘doktorlardan görülen nezaketsizlik’’ ve ‘‘hasta/ hasta yakınlarından görülen nezaketsizlik’’ olmak üzere 4 boyutta incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda iş yeri nezaketsizliği boyutlarının bilgi paylaşma tutumu üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, amir/yöneticiden ve doktorlardan görülen nezaketsizliğin iş doyumunu, işten ayrılma niyetini ve performansı etkilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca iş yeri nezaketsizliği boyutlarının iş doyumu ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde etik iklim algısının aracılık (kısmı/tam) ettiği tespit edilmiştir
BİREYSEL ÖZELLİKLER, SAĞLIK OKURYAZARLIĞI VE GENEL SAĞLIK DURUMU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: KAYA Mustafa , YILMAZ Özlem
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada bireysel özellikler, sağlık okuryazarlığı ve genel sağlık durumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri bireysel özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik sorular ve sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği içeren anket formuyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda 382 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Veriler SPSS paket programına girilerek gerekli analizler yapılmış ve kişilerin bireysel özellikleri, sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve genel sağlık durumları arasındaki ilişki incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Katılımcıların %63,6’sının yeterli düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip olmadığı, sağlık okuryazarlığı skor ortalamalarının 30,43 olduğu, sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi arttıkça genel sağlık durumunun da iyiye doğru gittiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bireysel özelliklerin sağlık okuryazarlığı üzerinde; sağlık okuryazarlığının da genel sağlık durumu üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
The Microglial Metamorphosis in Three-dimensions in Virus Limbic Encephalitis: An Unbiased Pictorial Representation Based on Stereological Sampling Approach of Surveillant and Reactive Microglia
Authors: Creão Leonardo Sávio da Silva , Neto João Bento Torres , de Lima Camila Mendes , dos Reis Renata Rodrigues , de Sousa Aline Andrade , Santos Zaire Alves dos , Diniz José Antonio Picanço , Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , Diniz Cristovam Wanderley Picanço
Published: May 2021

All neurological diseases have their pathological progress influenced by microglial cells, which react to insults with multiple morphofunctional phenotypes. However, the complete morphological spectrum of the reactive microglia, revealed by the three-dimensional microscopic reconstruction, has not been explored in detail in virus limbic encephalitis. Here, we used anatomical series of brain sections from a previous study using Piry arbovirus encephalitis, expanding the original investigation to CA1/CA2. The morphological response of the homeostatic and reactive microglia was investigated 8 days after infection. The hierarchical cluster and linear discriminant function analysis of multimodal morphometric features allowed to distinguish between the microglial morphology of infected individuals and controls. In order to represent more broadly the morphological spectrum of the microglia of each cluster, representative cells of the homeostatic and reactive microglia were chosen, using the sum of the distances of each cell in relation to all the others. Overall, the multivariate statistical analysis showed that the reactive microglia of infected animals have more complex trees and thicker branches, that cover a larger volume of tissue than the microglia of control animals. With this approach a more reliable representation of the microglia dispersion in the Euclidean space, would be closer to the spectrum of morphotypes of the control and infected groups, and help to avoid hiding the morphological kaleidoscope of surveillant and reactive microglia. As form precedes function in nature, our findings are a good starting point for future research with integrative approaches to microglia form and function.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN THE RUSSIAN EASTERN REGIONS
Authors:   Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveschensk, Russia, Gordienko V.P. , Vakhnenko A.A. ,   Medical unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Amur Region, Blagoveshensk, Russia
Published: May 2021

A constant increase in the number of patients with malignant neoplasms in Russia sets a task for the State to overcome the existing difficulties in improving major indicators of morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer, taking into account individual territorial problems The purpose of the study was to evaluate major indicators of morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer in the Eastern regions of Russia over the ten-year period (2009-2019). Material and methods. The study used indicators of morbidity and mortality, reporting forms of statistical registration of cancer patients and regulatory documents of higher-level organizations, information on ten-year observations on the dynamics in changes in digital values of the pathology under study. Results. The study presents data on morbidity and mortality from esophageal cancer among patients in the Far Eastern Federal District: 34152 new cancer cases were registered in 2019 which is 8.5% higher than ten years ago. 988 patients with esophageal cancer were under medical follow-up i.e. 12.0 per 100,000 population in the region. In the structure of incidence and total mortality among all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, esophageal cancer ranked second after malignant neoplasms of stomach. During the study period, the number of patients with advanced forms of the disease decreased (29.8%) with a parallel light increase in the number of patients with cancer stages I and II (33.3%). Over the past ten years, the morbidity increased more in the female population (2.01 о/оооо). The share of actively detected patients during this time increased multi-fold (15.4%), with a simultaneous increase in the number of patients with esophageal cancer (1.9). The number of morphologically confirmed cases was lower than the Russian average (91.6%). The share of patients registered for medical follow-up over five years did not reach the average republican values (37.0%). Deaths within the first year of diagnosis were characterized by dynamically decreasing digital values against the background of high indicators (55.3%, and 57.6% in the Russian Federation). Conclusion. Against the background of the increasing absolute number of patients with malignant neoplasms in the Eastern regions of Russia in 2019, standardized indicators (Standard population) of mortality from esophageal cancer in the male population increased with a rise in the number of women who developed and died from esophageal cancer.
Diagnostic Utility of a Novel Point-of-Care Test of Calprotectin for Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Warren Jared , Anis Hiba K. , Bowers Kathleen , Pannu Tejbir , Villa Jesus , Klika Alison K. , Colon-Franco Jessica , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Higuera Carlos A.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Despite several synovial fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) having been investigated, point-of-care (POC) tests using these biomarkers are not widely available. Synovial calprotectin has recently been reported to effectively exclude the diagnosis of PJI. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the value of a calprotectin POC test for PJI diagnosis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the 2013 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) PJI diagnosis criteria as the gold standard.

Methods:

Synovial fluid samples were prospectively collected from 123 patients who underwent revision TKA at 2 institutions within the same health-care system from October 2018 to January 2020. The study was conducted under institutional review board approval. Data collection comprised demographic, clinical, and laboratory data in compliance with the MSIS criteria. Synovial fluid samples were analyzed by calprotectin POC tests in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Revisions were categorized as septic or aseptic using MSIS criteria by 2 independent reviewers blinded to the calprotectin results. Calprotectin test performance characteristics with sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, negative predictive values, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for 2 different PJI diagnosis scenarios: (1) a threshold of ≥50 mg/L, and (2) a threshold of ≥14 mg/L.

Results:

According to the MSIS criteria, 53 revision TKAs were septic and 70 revision TKAs were aseptic. In the ≥50-mg/mL threshold scenario, the calprotectin POC performance showed a sensitivity of 98.1%, a specificity of 95.7%, a positive predictive value of 94.5%, a negative predictive value of 98.5%, and an AUC of 0.969. In the ≥14-mg/mL threshold scenario, the sensitivity was 98.1%, the specificity was 87.1%, the positive predictive value was 85.2%, the negative predictive value was 98.4%, and the AUC was 0.926.

Conclusions:

The calprotectin POC test has excellent PJI diagnostic characteristics, including high sensitivity and specificity in patients undergoing revision TKA. This test could be effectively implemented as a rule-out test. However, further investigations with larger cohorts are necessary to validate these results.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pre-Mississippian Stratigraphic Architecture of the Porcupine Shear Zone, Yukon and Alaska, and Significance in the Evolution of Northern Laurentia
Authors: Faehnrich Karol , McClelland William C. , Colpron Maurice , Nutt Charlotte L. , Miller Rebecca S. , Trembath Matthew , Strauss Justin V.
Published: May 2021

The origin and displacement history of terranes emplaced along the northern margin of North America remain contentious. One of these terranes is the North Slope subterrane of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate, which is separated from the northwestern margin of Laurentia (Yukon block) by the Porcupine Shear Zone of Alaska and Yukon. Here, we present new field observations, geological mapping, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and sedimentary/igneous geochemistry to elucidate the stratigraphic architecture of deformed pre-Mississippian rocks exposed within the Porcupine Shear Zone, which we distinguish herein as the newly defined Ch’oodeenjìk succession. The oldest rocks in the Ch’oodeenjìk succession consist of siliciclastic strata of the Lahchah and Sunaghun formations (new names), which yield detrital zircon U-Pb age populations of ca. 1050-1250, 1350-1450, 1600-1650, and 2500-2800 Ma (n =800). This succession is overlain by chert-bearing dolostone and limestone of the Caribou Bar formation (new name) that contains vase-shaped microfossils and yields carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic data that range from ca. -3‰ to +3‰ and 0.70636 to 0.70714, respectively. These data suggest that Lahchah, Sunaghun, and Caribou Bar formations are late Tonian in age. These Neoproterozoic rocks are intruded by Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) felsic plutons and mafic dikes, one of which yielded a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) U-Pb age of 380 ± 4 Ma. Neoproterozoic strata of the Ch’oodeenjìk succession are also unconformably overlain by Upper Devonian-Carboniferous (?) siliciclastic rocks of the Darcy Creek formation (new name), which yields detrital zircon populations of ca. 365–385, 420-470 and 625-835 Ma, in addition to Proterozoic age populations similar to the underlying Tonian strata. Together, these new stratigraphic, geochronological, geochemical, and micropaleontological data indicate that pre-Mississippian rocks exposed within the Porcupine Shear Zone most likely represent a peri-Laurentian crustal fragment that differs from the adjacent Yukon block and North Slope subterrane; thus, the Porcupine Shear Zone represents a fundamental tectonic boundary separating autochthonous Laurentia from various accreted peri-Laurentian crustal fragments.
Srinivasania Sundarbanensisgen. et sp. nov., a New Agglutinated Benthic Foraminifer from the World's Largest Mangrove Ecoregion, the Sundarbans, India
Authors: Kaushik Tushar , Ghosh Anupam , M Thirumalai , Das Ishita
Published: May 2021

We describe Srinivasania sundarbanensis n. gen. et sp. nov., a multichambered textulariid foraminifer from the world's largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans, India. The new genus has an agglutinated wall structure, planispirally coiled test, and a single high-arched equatorial aperture located at the base of the final chamber with a narrow, agglutinated lip and with morphological similarity to the genera GobbettiaDhillon, 1968, and HaplophragmoidesCushman, 1910. Phylogenetic analyses, using partial small subunit rRNA gene, partial large subunit rRNA gene, and concatenated (LSU+SSU) sequence data clearly show the placement of this new taxon among other textulariid foraminifers, distant from all other genera in a strongly supported clade. In the new genus and species, the test is discoidal, measuring 100 to 350 µm in diameter with six to seven chambers in the final whorl. Elemental characterization (SEM-EDS) of the agglutinated test wall reveals a preference for quartz grains (SiO2) to construct its test. It is a common species and is presently known only from the northern marsh environments of Indian Sundarbans.
ULI-NChIP assay protocol
Authors: Meng Tie-Gang , Zhou Qian , Ma Xue-Shan , Liu Xiao-Yu , Meng Qing-Ren , Huang Xian-Ju , Liu Hong-Lin , Lei Wen-Long , Zhao Zheng-Hui , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Ou Xiang-Hong , Wang Zhen-Bo , Gao Shao-Rong , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: May 2021

This protocol presents ULI-NChIP-seq (ultra-low-input micrococcal nuclease-based native ChIP-seq) assay to generate high quality and complexity genome-wide histone mark profiles from rare oocytes andembryos populations. The procedure of ULI-NChIP-seq assay typically consists of five parts including Binding antibodies to magnatic beads, Chromatin shearing and nuclear membrane solubilization, Magnetic immunoprecipitation, Washes and DNA isolation. Sample preparation involves to remove the zona Pellucida of oocyte and polar body to avoid the genomic contamination of polar bodies.
COVseq is a cost-effective workflow for mass-scale SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance
Authors: Simonetti Michele , Zhang Ning , Harbers Luuk , Milia Maria Grazia , Brossa Silvia , Nguyen Thi Thu Huong , Cerruti Francesco , Berrino Enrico , Sapino Anna , Bienko Magda , Sottile Antonino , Ghisetti Valeria , Crosetto Nicola
Published: May 2021

While mass-scale vaccination campaigns are ongoing worldwide, genomic surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to monitor the emergence and global spread of viral variants of concern (VOC). Here, we present a streamlined workflow—COVseq—which can be used to generate highly multiplexed sequencing libraries compatible with Illumina platforms from hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 samples in parallel, in a rapid and cost-effective manner. We benchmarked COVseq against a standard library preparation method (NEBNext) on 29 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, reaching 95.4% of concordance between single-nucleotide variants detected by both methods. Application of COVseq to 245 additional SARS-CoV-2 positive samples demonstrated the ability of the method to reliably detect emergent VOC as well as its compatibility with downstream phylogenetic analyses. A cost analysis showed that COVseq could be used to sequence thousands of samples at less than 15 USD per sample, including library preparation and sequencing costs. We conclude that COVseq is a versatile and scalable method that is immediately applicable for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance and easily adaptable to other pathogens such as influenza viruses.
Sorption, Desorption and Mobility of Microencapsulated Chlorpyrifos in Two Typical Soils
Authors: Chen Liezhong , Li Yanli , Wang Ting , Yu Yunlong
Published: May 2021

The sorption, desorption, and mobility of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos (CPF-MC) in two typical soils, namely, silt loam and sandy, were investigated in this study. Sorption/desorption experiments were carried out by using the batch equilibration method. Results showed that the sorption isotherms of CPF-MC and emulsifiable concentrate of chlorpyrifos (CPF-EC) in silt loamy soil were similar. However, a considerable difference was observed in the sorption isotherms of two chlorpyrifos (CPF) formulations in sandy soil. The amounts of CPF desorbed from two soils in four desorption steps decreased sequentially in CPF-EC treatments, while the desorbed amounts remained stable in CPF-MC treatments. Hence, the sorption/desorption processes of CPF-EC were mainly controlled by soil affinity to CPF. However, these processes of CPF-MC were affected by the release rate of CPF from capsules. The mobility of two CPF formulations in soil were estimated in vertical columns packed with soils. Results showed that there was leaching of CPF-EC in silt loam column, whereas CPF-MC was not vertically mobile in silt loam column under the same leaching conditions. However, in column with sandy soil, the percentage of CPF-MC leaching from the column was 86.54%, which was higher than the 73.75% that leached from the column in the treatment with CPF-EC.
A new approach for static NOx measurement in Periodic Technical Inspection
Authors: Cáceres Eugenio Fernández , Delgado Alicia Valero , López Juan José Alba , Bielsa Abel Ortego
Published: May 2021

NOx emissions in vehicles are currently only controlled through the homologation process. There is a lack of knowledge to reliably assess and control real NOx emissions of vehicles, because although vehicles in EU-27 are subject to PTI (Periodic Technical Inspection), NOx are not among the pollutants currently being controlled. In this paper, a new approach for measuring NOx in PTI is proposed. At PTIs, a test needs to be simple, quick, inexpensive, representative, and accurate. To that end, it needs to be carried out under static conditions, so no power bench or complex equipment is required. The method shown in this paper has been developed and validated at a PTI Spanish station, to ensure feasibility and repeatability. This method is based on the relationship between % engine load and exhaust NOx concentration at idle engine speed. The quality and representativity of this relationship have been checked with a p-value lower than 0.01. The method has been compared with a different NOx measurement technique based on the simulation on a test bench and the ASM 20–50 cycle. The achieved quality and repeatability of the new approach shows that it could be a useful tool to be applied in PTI for detecting high NOx emitting vehicles and get information from the diesel vehicles fleet.
Tracing historical changes, degradation, and original sources of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jilin Province, China, by Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle leaves
Authors: Wang Zhao , Jin Xiangzi , Kaw Han Yeong , Fatima Zakia , Quinto Maurizio , Zhou John L. , Jin Dongri , He Miao , Li Donghao
Published: May 2021

Due to their wide distribution and availability, plant leaves can be considered interesting candidates as biomonitoring substrates for the evaluation of atmospheric pollution. In addition, some species can also retain historical information, for example, related to environmental pollution, due to their leaf class age. In this study, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle samples in function of their class age has been investigated to obtain information regarding the degradation constant for each PAH under investigation (α values ranging from 0.173 to 1.870) and to evaluate the possibility to correlate the presence of PAHs in needles with some important pollution environmental factors. Considering air pollutant variables registered in Jilin Province, significant correlations (at 95% confidence level) have been found between coal consumption per year and anthracene contents in needles, while fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resulted correlated with coal consumption. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the total PAH concentration in needles, for both species, increased with their age (from 804 to 3604 ng g− 1 dry weight), showing a general tendency to accumulate these substances through years. PAH degradation rates increased instead with molecular complexity. This study could be considered a first trial to obtain historical environmental information by pine needles biomonitoring.