bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Focus and contrastive topic in questions and answers, with particular reference to Turkish
Authors: Kamali Beste , Krifka Manfred
Published: October 2020

Much recent research has recognized the importance of focus and contrastive topic in assertions for discourse coherence. However, with few exceptions, it has been neglected that focus and contrastive topic also occur in questions, and have a similar role in establishing coherence. We propose a framework of dynamic interpretation based on the notion of Commitment Spaces that show that a uniform interpretation of focus and contrastive topic is possible. The algebraic representation format is rich enough so that a separate introduction of discourse trees is not necessary. The paper discusses these phenomena for Turkish, a language with an explicit focus marker for polar and alternative questions, which distinguishes focus from contrastive topic.
A Model-Based Strategy for Interfacing Traits of the DSM-5 AMPD With Neurobiology
Authors: Bowyer Colin B. , Joyner Keanan J. , Latzman Robert D. , Venables Noah C. , Foell Jens , Patrick Christopher J.
Published: October 2020

The DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) groups traits into domains based on factor analyses of self-report data. AMPD traits may need to be configured differently to interface with neurobiology. Focusing on biobehavioral risk for externalizing problems in 334 adults, the authors used structural modeling to evaluate how well alternative configurations of AMPD traits, operationalized using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), interface with neural indicators of externalizing liability. A model specifying two correlated factors defined by traits within the PID-5 Disinhibition domain and brain-response indicators of externalizing proneness exhibited inadequate fit. However, a model using PID-5 traits with better coverage of biobehavioral externalizing liability evidenced good fit. Scores on this PID-5 trait factor, termed “PID-5 Externalizing Proneness,” converged well with criterion measures of externalizing proneness and diverged from measures of threat sensitivity. Findings illustrate how AMPD traits can be configured for use in investigations of biobehavioral risk for psychopathology.
The γ-Protocadherins Regulate the Survival of GABAergic Interneurons during Developmental Cell Death
Authors: Carriere Candace H. , Wang Wendy Xueyi , Sing Anson D. , Fekete Adam , Jones Brian E. , Yee Yohan , Ellegood Jacob , Maganti Harinad , Awofala Lola , Marocha Julie , Aziz Amar , Wang Lu-Yang , Lerch Jason P. , Lefebvre Julie L.
Published: October 2020

Inhibitory interneurons integrate into developing circuits in specific ratios and distributions. In the neocortex, inhibitory network formation occurs concurrently with the apoptotic elimination of a third of GABAergic interneurons. The cell surface molecules that select interneurons to survive or die are unknown. Here, we report that members of the clustered Protocadherins (cPCDHs) control GABAergic interneuron survival during developmentally-regulated cell death. Conditional deletion of the gene cluster encoding the γ-Protocadherins(Pcdhgs)from developing GABAergic neurons in mice of either sex causes a severe loss of inhibitory populations in multiple brain regions and results in neurologic deficits such as seizures. By focusing on the neocortex and the cerebellar cortex, we demonstrate that reductions of inhibitory interneurons result from elevated apoptosis during the critical postnatal period of programmed cell death (PCD). By contrast, cortical interneuron (cIN) populations are not affected by removal ofPcdhgsfrom pyramidal neurons or glial cells. Interneuron loss correlates with reduced AKT signaling inPcdhgmutant interneurons, and is rescued by genetic blockade of the pro-apoptotic factor BAX. Together, these findings identify the PCDHGs as pro-survival transmembrane proteins that select inhibitory interneurons for survival and modulate the extent of PCD. We propose that the PCDHGs contribute to the formation of balanced inhibitory networks by controlling the size of GABAergic interneuron populations in the developing brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA pivotal step for establishing appropriate excitatory-inhibitory ratios is adjustment of neuronal populations by cell death. In the mouse neocortex, a third of GABAergic interneurons are eliminated by BAX-dependent apoptosis during the first postnatal week. Interneuron cell death is modulated by neural activity and pro-survival pathways but the cell-surface molecules that select interneurons for survival or death are unknown. We demonstrate that members of the cadherin superfamily, the clustered γ-Protocadherins (PCDHGs), regulate the survival of inhibitory interneurons and the balance of cell death. Deletion of thePcdhgsin mice causes inhibitory interneuron loss in the cortex and cerebellum, and leads to motor deficits and seizures. Our findings provide a molecular basis for controlling inhibitory interneuron population size during circuit formation.
The tRNA‐like small noncoding RNA mascRNA promotes global protein translation
Authors: Lu Xinping , Huang Jinliang , Wu Sipeng , Zheng Qian , Liu Peipei , Feng Huimin , Su Xiaoqing , Fu Haipeng , Xi Qiaoran , Wang Geng
Published: October 2020

mascRNA is a small cytoplasmic RNA derived from the lncRNA MALAT1. After being processed by the tRNA processing enzymes RNase P and RNase Z, mascRNA undergoes CCA addition like tRNAs and folds into a tRNA‐like cloverleaf structure. While MALAT1 functions in multiple cellular processes, the role of mascRNA was largely unknown. Here, we show that mascRNA binds directly to the multi‐tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) component glutaminyl‐tRNA synthetase (QARS). mascRNA promotes global protein translation and cell proliferation by positively regulating QARS protein levels. Our results uncover a role of mascRNA that is independent of MALAT1, but could be part of the molecular mechanism of MALAT1's function in cancer, and provide a paradigm for understanding tRNA‐like structures in mammalian cells.
NEDD4L‐mediated Merlin ubiquitination facilitates Hippo pathway activation
Authors: Wei Yiju , Yee Patricia P , Liu Zhijun , Zhang Lei , Guo Hui , Zheng Haiyan , Anderson Benjamin , Gulley Melissa , Li Wei
Published: October 2020

The tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2, a key activator of the Hippo pathway in growth control, is regulated by phosphorylation. However, it is uncertain whether additional post‐translational modifications regulate Merlin. Here, we show that ubiquitination is required to activate Merlin in the Hippo pathway. Ubiquitinated Merlin is mostly conjugated by one or two ubiquitin molecules. Such modification is promoted by serine 518 dephosphorylation in response to Ca2+ signaling or cell detachment. Merlin ubiquitination is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase, NEDD4L, which requires a scaffold protein, AMOTL1, to approach Merlin. Several NF2‐patient‐derived Merlin mutations disrupt its binding to AMOTL1 and its regulation by the AMOTL1‐NEDD4L apparatus. Lysine (K) 396 is the major ubiquitin conjugation residue. Disruption of Merlin ubiquitination by the K396R mutation or NEDD4L depletion diminishes its binding to Lats1 and inhibits Lats1 activation. These effects are also accompanied by loss of Merlin's anti‐mitogenic and tumor suppressive properties. Thus, we propose that dephosphorylation and ubiquitination compose an intramolecular relay to activate Merlin functions in activating the Hippo pathway during growth control.
El tema de España en la poesía del exilio de Luis Cernuda. De la madre a la madrastra
Authors: Díaz Ventas Álvaro
Published: October 2020

El siguiente artículo se propone repasar los poemas del exilio de Luis Cernuda en los que se trata directa o indirectamente el tema de España. Para ello, haremos un recorrido cronológico por las secciones de La realidad y el deseo (1924-1962) escritas durante el exilio del autor, desde Las nubes (1937-1940) hasta Desolación de la quimera (1956-1962). Así, los objetivos principales serán extraer los leitmotivs de este corpus de poemas y analizar la evolución del tema desde la figura de la madre hacia la de la madrastra con el fin de repasar cómo se reflejan en su corpus poético el desarrollo de sus sentimientos hacia su patria.
Variation of within-stem biometrical and physical property indices of wood from Cupressus sempervirens L.
Authors: Hosseini Hashemi Seyyed Khalil , Kord Behzad
Published: October 2020

Variations in average tracheid dimensions (such as length, diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness) and its biometrical ratios including slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio, and Runkell ratio, oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage, maximum moisture content, and porosity of cypress trees wood (Cupressus sempervirens L.var. horizontalis), which was cultivated in the north of Iran, were studied from the pith to bark (radial position), and along the stem from the base upwards. To measure the mentioned traits, the test specimens were prepared from three stands and 9 discs at different height levels (5, 25, and 50% of the total tree height) based on ASTM-D143 standard. Results indicated that the tracheid length, tracheid cross-sectional dimensions, and its biometrical ratios irregularly varied at each height level, along the stem from the bottom to top, but within the discs, at the same height level biometrical traits in the radial position regularly increased from the pith to bark. Within the tree, wood oven-dry and basic density, longitudinal, radial, tangential, and volume shrinkage varied at each height level, decreasing along the stem from the base upwards. Within the discs, at the same height level, wood density and shrinkage, except for longitudinal shrinkage in the radial position, increased from the pith to bark. The maximum moisture content and porosity varied at each height level, increasing along the stem from the bottom to the top of the tree. Moreover, within the discs, at the same height level in the radial direction porosity decreased and maximum moisture content increased except for at 5% of height level from the pith to bark.
La serie pictórica del Apóstol Santiago en el Templo Santiago Apóstol de Lampa-Puno, de Isidoro Moncada
Authors: Palomino Arana Flor Isabel
Published: October 2020

Analiza la serie pictórica dedicada al apóstol Santiago, ubicada en el Templo Santiago Apóstol de Lampa, Puno, Perú. La serie es un conjunto de once pinturas atribuidas al artista cusqueño Isidoro Francisco Moncada, activo en la región del Collao durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Da a conocer una serie pictórica poco difundida y no estudiada, la que se aborda desde la perspectiva de la historia del arte, valiéndose de fuentes y herramientas de las disciplinas de la historia. El análisis se centra en los hallazgos de los grabados que sirvieron como fuente de inspiración al artista.
La doctrina de la libertad en el pensamiento ácrata: de Manuel González Prada y Manuel y Delfín Lévano a Avram Noam Chomsky
Authors: Silva Montellanos Leonel Patricio
Published: October 2020

Analiza, bajo la metodología analítico-hermenéutico, los aportes de Manuel González Prada y Manuel y Delfín Lévano, exponentes del pensamiento libertario peruano de inicios del siglo XX y los confronta con los de Noam Chomsky. Propone que el discurso ácrata se legitima como crítica radical de los sistemas políticos imperantes en occidente (Monarquía, Dictadura, República democrática) desde mediados del siglo XIX, luego de constatarse las carencias de estos sistemas de gobierno para resolver los problemas económicos y sociales. El discurso ácrata surge como la conﬂuencia del liberalismo y el socialismo, y como corpus teórico se halla vigente y puede ser considerado como flosofía o cosmovisión con implicancias ontológicas, axiológicas, éticas, gnoseológicas.
Crítica literaria sobre Cuentos andinos de Enrique López Albújar
Authors: Vílchez Bejarano Yuri Jesús
Published: October 2020

Analiza Cuentos andinos de Enrique López Albújar y repara que, desde su aparición, en 1920, son escasos los estudios de esta obra considerada un eslabón importante del desarrollo de la literatura indigenista en el Perú. Ante este vacío, repasa diversos trabajos críticos e interpretativos realizados con el objetivo de identifcar las grandes líneas constitutivas de la imagen predominante de esta obra a lo largo del siglo XX. Propone que el estancamiento de la interpretación crítica de Cuentos andinos es producto de un discurso monotemático centrado en algunos tópicos del realismo indigenista.
Un tratamiento algebraico de la Lógica proposicional
Authors: Merma Mora Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2020

Se traduce el lenguaje lógico proposicional a un lenguaje algebraico. Para ello establece dos correspondencias fundamentales, la que existe entre la verdad (V) y el cero (0) y la que relaciona la falsedad (F) con el uno (1). Estas correspondencias establecen el equivalente algebraico de cada uno de los operadores de la lógica proposicional y, a su vez, permiten reducir por medios algebraicos cualquier fórmula de lógica proposicional. Si la fórmula en cuestión es tautológica, su versión algebraica es reductible a 0; si la fórmula es contradictoria, su versión algebraica es reductible a 1 y si la fórmula es contingente, su versión algebraica no se reduce ni a 0 ni a 1, sino a una expresión de menor extensión que admite entre los valores de su matriz algebraica por lo menos un 0 y por lo menos un 1.
Una aproximación a la música andina: el huaino, el harawi y el yaraví
Authors: Alcántara Silva Ynés Victoria
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo es una aproximación a la música andina y estudia el especial signifcado que la música tiene para los pueblos del ande peruano. El artículo analiza el origen y evolución de los géneros musicales en el mundo andino, cuyos antecedentes se encuentran en la música prehispánica. Igualmente, el trabajo estudia el surgimiento, desarrollo y los temas de tres conocidos géneros de la música andina: el huaino, el harawi y el yaraví. De los tres géneros musicales, el huaino es el género más popular de la música andina; presenta variadas formas y se cultiva en todas las regiones del Perú. El harawi es un género de la música prehispánica que se ha conservado con determinadas características en los pueblos del interior del país. El yaraví es un género musical de carácter mestizo que surge a partir de la evolución que experimenta el harawi durante la época republicana y se caracteriza por expresar la tristeza del alma humana.
Fragmentación, vida y humor en Disonante
Authors: Lescano Tena Miguel
Published: October 2020

El libro Disonante muestra que texto e imagen tienen la misma importancia en el lenguaje comunicativo. La relación entre ambos pone en relación ideas fragmentadas y contrastes entre poética y poética. Disonante muestra un mundo hermético donde el yo esboza un mirada irónica sobre la sociedad. Su objetivo es conseguir un acercamiento performativo entre vida y el arte. Se aspira que el receptor extienda su imaginación hacia nuevos mundos, sin salir de esta realidad de sueños y pesadillas configuradas en blanco y negro.
Asedios a la poética de autor
Authors: Malpartida Quispe Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2020

Este artículo aborda aspectos que se exponen en el marco teórico de la tesis titulada La poética específica infantil de Veloz Niño del Cielo, Veloz Niña del Alba, trabajo presentado para optar el grado magíster en Escritura Creativa. En el texto, se plantea como objetivo la definición del concepto “poética” a partir de las acepciones que adopta en los estudios literarios (teórica, preceptiva y creativa) hasta arribar al sentido integral que se le atribuirá en la tesis: el develamiento del proceso creativo del autor a partir de una reconstrucción crítica de aquel por parte de un interpretante y/o enmarcada en la voz propia del creador.Para precisar este concepto, se analiza previamente las convergencias entre la poética, entendida como una actividad, y dos tamices de sentido: la estética posvanguardista y la lírica moderna.
La música como parte de la construcción ficcional en Aquí está la música
Authors: Montaldo Acosta Ilmar Piero
Published: October 2020

La música ha inspirado a la literatura y la literatura ha inspirado a la música. Es más, la música ha estado ligada a la poesía pues en sus inicios esta se cantaba. Ambas se han nutrido para generar nuevas obras de arte. Como toda creación artística, despierta multiplicidad de sentidos, sobre todo cuando se encuentran como referencias, textos ligados con el mundo de la música. El fin del siguiente artículo es explicar y reflexionar sobra la poética de Aquí está la música en base a las conexiones entre música y literatura a través de la identificación de loselementos intertextuales y paratextuales, y lo interactivo como elemento lúdico.
Balance de la vanguardia literaria en Trilce
Authors: Tello C. Olga Judith
Published: October 2020

Analiza Trilce (1922), el segundo libro de poemas de César Vallejo que revolucionó los espacios de la crítica literaria peruana e hispanoamericana y generó desconcierto ante la trasformación radical del lenguaje poético. Representa la ruptura con la estética tradicional, con la insuficiencia del discurso poético establecido. La investigación plantea que es una creación particular, no obstante, contiene elementos que coinciden con la vanguardia literaria de la época y que la escritura poética traspasa y crea el arte nuevo.
Rosa Cuchillo, un sitio de la memoria colectiva sobre el Conﬂicto Armado Interno en el Perú
Authors: Medina Castañeda Luis Enrique
Published: October 2020

En este artículo sostendremos que la novela Rosa Cuchillo de Óscar Colchado Lucio puede ser considerada como un monumento o sitio de la memoria colectiva del Conﬂicto Armado Interno (CAI) desde la propuesta del historiador francés Pierre Nora, pues (re)presenta en su urdimbre narrativa la vinculación de una diversidad de voces heterogéneas. Esta polifonía de voces narrativas proviene de una pluralidad de memorias que tienen como sustancia la violencia sufrida en los años 80 y 90. Observaremos que en la novela se articulan la memoria personal de los sujetos: campesino, senderista y militar; y la memoria político-(militar), las cuales, desde la condición de víctimas, muestran los resortes de la violencia a través de este objeto estético-cultural en donde están depositadas.
El Otro en El ser y la nada
Authors: Torres Ramis Luis Alfonso
Published: October 2020

En El ser y la Nada, Jean-Paul Sartre plantea el ser para-otro [être pour-autrui] como una de las estructuras del ser humano que hace posible el reconocimiento del otro como sujeto y no como objeto. Sartre también plantea que, con la mirada [le regard], el otro es degradado a objeto. En este artículo se pretende mostrar que el otro es, en primera instancia, sujeto y no objeto. Para eso se considerarán distintos pasajes de El ser y la Nada en los que Sartre evidencia su concepción del otro como sujeto y no como mero objeto del mundo.
Una aproximación cuantitativa en la incidencia del uso de marcadores en la redacción de la prensa deportiva: el Torneo Clausura 2107 a través del diario El Bocón
Authors: López Chumbe Mark
Published: October 2020

Este artículo analiza la incidencia de los marcadores del discurso en la redacción de textos referidos al fútbol del diario deportivo El Bocón durante el Torneo Apertura 2017. Para ello, se registró y estudió un corpus de 104 textos del mencionado diario, lográndose los siguientes resultados: se verificaron 111 marcadores, 26 de ello se identificaron como innovadores, provenientes del habla coloquial peruano y cumplen la misma función propuesta por el inventario de Zorraquino & Portolés (1999). Asimismo, se aprecia que el género textual del discurso deportivo de El Bocón para dicho torneo ha utilizado esencialmente los conectores y, en menor medida, los marcadores estructuradores y conversacionales. A partir de estos hallazgos, se infiere que muchos de estos marcadores discursivos resultan más apropiados para ciertos géneros textuales, en este caso para la redacción deportiva peruana.
El concepto de la muerte en la obra de José María Arguedas y su relación con lo Real Maravilloso
Authors: Santa Cruz Cabrera Reynaldo Óscar
Published: October 2020

El artículo gira en torno a la visión de la muerte que propuso en su obra el narrador peruano José María Arguedas, desde el análisis del cuento “La agonía deRasu Ñiti” (1962) y a su relación con  el enfoque de lo Real Maravilloso. La estructura del artículo consideró en primer lugar una contextualización sobre el concepto de la muerte desde la óptica de lo Real Maravilloso latinoamericano, para luego centrarse en la descripción de dicho aspecto, en el relato citado. Cabe resaltar en la interlínea, la intención de proponer al cuento en mención como un ejemplo representativo de la visión de la muerte en la narrativa de Arguedas. Finalmente, se concluye que “La agonía de Rasu Ñiti” presenta una serie de rasgos que emparentan a Arguedas con lo Real Maravilloso, gracias a la percepción de la muerte que exhibe.
Reflexiones en torno al estudio de los retablos portátiles peruanos y las cajas de imaginero del siglo XIX
Authors: Labán Salguero Magaly Patricia
Published: October 2020

El artículo es una aproximación al estudio de los retablos portátiles peruanos y las cajas de imagineros del siglo XIX. La investigación plantea una revisión de las diversas denominaciones americanas de los “retablos”, la pertinencia de términos como: retablo religioso, retablo portátil, capilla-retablo, demanda, caja de imaginero, nicho, tríptico, cajón sanmarkos y missa. Breve análisis de los antecedentes históricos y formales de las cajas de imaginero del siglo XIX. Se presenta el estado de la cuestión y se reflexiona sobre los conceptos e influencias teóricas de los investigadores, analizando sus aportes metodológicos y conceptuales. Considerando la falta de datación de las obras y la filiación de talleres, así como las dificultades metodológicas y los métodos empleados por los investigadores.
Aerosolized Calfactant for Newborns With Respiratory Distress: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Cummings James J. , Gerday Erick , Minton Stephen , Katheria Anup , Albert George , Flores-Torres Jaime , Famuyide Mobolaji , Lampland Andrea , Guthrie Scott , Kuehn Devon , Weitkamp Jörn-Hendrik , Fort Prem , Abu Jawdeh Elie G. , Ryan Rita M. , Martin Gregory C. , Swanson Jonathan R. , Mulrooney Neil , Eyal Fabien , Gerstmann Dale , Kumar Praveen , Wilding Greg E. , Egan Edmund A. ,   AERO-02 STUDY INVESTIGATORS
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Exogenous surfactants to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are approved for tracheal instillation only; this requires intubation, often followed by positive pressure ventilation to promote distribution. Aerosol delivery offers a safer alternative, but clinical studies have had mixed results. We hypothesized that efficient aerosolization of a surfactant with low viscosity, early in the course of RDS, could reduce the need for intubation and instillation of liquid surfactant.

METHODS:

A prospective, multicenter, randomized, unblinded comparison trial of aerosolized calfactant (Infasurf) in newborns with signs of RDS that required noninvasive respiratory support. Calfactant was aerosolized by using a Solarys nebulizer modified with a pacifier adapter; 6 mL/kg (210 mg phospholipid/kg body weight) were delivered directly into the mouth. Infants in the aerosol group received up to 3 treatments, at least 4 hours apart. Infants in the control group received usual care, determined by providers. Infants were intubated and given instilled surfactant for persistent or worsening respiratory distress, at their providers’ discretion.

RESULTS:

Among 22 NICUs, 457 infants were enrolled; gestation 23 to 41 (median 33) weeks and birth weight 595 to 4802 (median 1960) grams. In total, 230 infants were randomly assigned to aerosol; 225 received 334 treatments, starting at a median of 5 hours. The rates of intubation for surfactant instillation were 26% in the aerosol group and 50% in the usual care group (P < .0001). Respiratory outcomes up to 28 days of age were no different.

CONCLUSIONS:

In newborns with early, mild to moderate respiratory distress, aerosolized calfactant at a dose of 210 mg phospholipid/kg body weight reduced intubation and surfactant instillation by nearly one-half.
Development Effect of Teacher Professional Abilities Through Training on The Professional Competency of Teachers And Teacher Performance of State Junior High Schools in the City of Bandung
Authors: Munandar Dadang Rahman , Fathurrohman N
Published: October 2020

The development of teacher professional abilities through training is an effort to improve teacher performance by increasing their professional competence. The main objective of developing teacher professional abilities through training is to solve teacher performance weaknesses both at present and in the future towards a more desirable level of performance. Because the development of teacher professional abilities through training is so important and requires a lot of money, it is necessary to research to find a real effect on teacher competence and performance. The research problems formulated are: 1) dimensions of teacher professional ability development through training; 2) teacher professional competence; and 3) teacher performance. The research approach is quantitative with a sample of 335 from a population of 2,064 junior high school teachers in Bandung. Data were obtained from teachers using a questionnaire. The data is processed and interpreted using path analysis as an inferential statistical technique by first testing statistical assumptions, including transforming ordinal data into intervals and data normality testing. The study concluded that the development of teacher professional abilities can improve teacher competence and performance, which is expected to ultimately improve the quality of student learning. The implications include: 1) it is necessary to develop effective training; and 2) competence with performance is important to promote better teaching and learning. Based on these implications, there are several recommendations, namely: 1) increasing the development of teacher professional abilities through technical assistance and quality control group forums; (2) designing the development of teacher professional abilities that have a direct impact on the teaching and learning process; (3) develop a model with competency as the dependent variable; and (4) recommend the human side of the organization as a determinant factor that needs to be investigated.
Toxicological profile for lead
Authors:   U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Published: October 2020

This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for these toxic substances described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. CAS# 7439-92-1
Characteristics of local self-government development in Georgia
Authors: Chichinadze B.
Published: October 2020

The article focuses on the fact that for decades, local governments in Georgia have not used theirsignificant reserves effectively. Local governments also lack a modern plan for the socio-economic development of territories. It should be noted that for the significant development of local self-government, the priority of different areas has not been determined. Problematic issues were resolved spontaneously without theparticipation of local residents, without coordination and reconciliation. Despite the numerous local reformsthat have been implemented since independence in Georgia, important issues such as the separation ofpowers between the center and self-government, lack of financial resources and assets, through decentralization, significant deficit competencies in the venture capital attraction, in the sense of self-governing competencies in securities issues and so on, remain unresolved.It is necessary as soon as possible to adopt the necessary laws that ensure the economic development of local governments, which will lead to the significant improvement of the social conditions of citizens.If the central government does not take quick effective steps in this direction, the socio-economic situation inthe self-government bodies of Georgia will deteriorate even more, which will jeopardize the country's financial and political stability.
Contributions of Florence Nightingale as a social entrepreneur: from modern to contemporary nursing
Authors: Backes Dirce Stein , Toson Marcelo Junior , Ben Luiza Watanabe Dal , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the transformations of modern and contemporary nursing as well as on Florence Nightingale’s social entrepreneurship. Method: This is a logical-reflective exhibition, with an emphasis on the theoretical assumptions of social entrepreneurship and the legacy of Florence Nightingale, from modern to contemporary nursing, based on readings of texts extracted from electronic databases, especially periodicals, books and theses. Results: The logical-reflective exhibition focuses on two fundamental aspects: 1) Florence Nightingale’s legacy as a social entrepreneur; 2) The evolution of Brazilian nursing: from modernity to contemporaneity. Final considerations: Florence Nightingale’s legacy is undeniable with regard to the evolution of modern and contemporary nursing and transcends different areas of knowledge. In addition to being a precursor to modern nursing, it is distinguished by its visionary attitude, humanitarian social value and potential for transforming the paths and realities present in the Contemporary Era.
Diferenciais da prática contraceptiva no Município de São Paulo, Brasil: resultados do inquérito populacional Ouvindo Mulheres
Authors: Lago Tania Di Giacomo do , Kalckmann Suzana , Alves Maria Cecília Goi Porto , Escuder Maria Mercedes Loureiro , Koyama Mitti , Barbosa Regina Maria
Published: October 2020

Resumo: A contracepção é fundamental para que as mulheres possam regular sua fecundidade, exercendo uma das dimensões dos direitos reprodutivos. No entanto, desconhecemos como elas enfrentam esse desafio na maior cidade do Brasil, São Paulo. Para preencher essa lacuna, o inquérito populacional Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo foi realizado junto a uma amostra probabilística de 4 mil mulheres com 15 a 44 anos de idade, residentes nessa cidade, em 2015. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a prevalência da prática contraceptiva, analisam-se os fatores associados ao não uso de contracepção e aos tipos de contraceptivos em uso. A prevalência da anticoncepção foi estimada para mulheres com, pelo menos, uma relação heterossexual nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista e que não estavam grávidas. Regressão logística foi utilizada para verificar fatores associados ao não uso de contracepção, e o modelo CHAID, para identificar associações aos tipos de contraceptivo em uso. A prevalência da anticoncepção foi 84,8% (IC95%: 83,2-86,3). Os contraceptivos mais prevalentes foram pílula e preservativo masculino. Associaram-se ao não uso de anticoncepção, religião (Pentecostal), número de filhos (menos do que 3), não ter usado contraceptivo na primeira relação sexual, não ter parceiro e não ter tido relação sexual no mês anterior. O número de filhos tidos e a idade da mulher foram os dois primeiros níveis de discriminação dos tipos de contraceptivo utilizados. A prevalência da anticoncepção é alta, mas mantém-se a concentração em dois métodos: anteriormente, laqueadura e pílula, agora, pílula e preservativo masculino. É necessário incorporar novos contraceptivos hormonais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e promover o uso de métodos de longa duração como o DIU.
A educação fora da escola: a mercantilização e a disciplina do lazer nas Colônias de Férias
Authors: Nascimento Stephany de Sá , Mattos Rafael da Silva
Published: October 2020

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi discutir a mercantilização do lazer nas Colônias de Férias. Trata-se de um trabalho qualitativo com uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 10 profissionais de Educação Física que atuaram em diferentes Colônias de Férias do município do Rio de Janeiro. Para a análise dos resultados foi empregada a técnica de Análise do Conteúdo segundo Laurence Bardin. Constatou-se que a Colônia de Férias é mais uma forma de lazer na figura de mercadoria. Isso atrai o uso de técnicas disciplinares por parte dos professores para que estes consigam administrar, por exemplo, grandes quantidades de alunos que ficam sob sua responsabilidade. Este fato é semelhante ao que acontece no ambiente escolar. Concluiu-se que as práticas disciplinares e a violência entre os alunos também estão na lógica de funcionamento das Colônias de Férias, o que pode dificultar o lazer como prática de emancipação, diversão e liberdade.
EVALUATION BY THE FELLOW IN KNEE SURGERY IN BRAZIL
Authors: HATANO DALTON MIKIO HIRANO , ASTUR DIEGO COSTA , SANTOS MARCELO ABDULKLECH , KALEKA CAMILA COHEN , COHEN MOISES , NICOLINI ALEXANDRE PEDRO
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the fellow in knee surgery and the training offered by accredited programs in Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study administered a questionnaire to fellows in knee surgery. Results: Most fellows reported being assisted by the preceptor in theoretical, practical, and scientific activities. Conclusion: The training offered by accredited programs to fellows in knee surgery presented good results for their education. This study may propose educational measures for the Brazilian Society for Surgery of the Knee (SBCJ). Level of Evidence IIC, Cross-sectional study.
BARE SPOT LOCATION IN GLENOID CAVITY: COMPARISON BETWEEN ARTHROSCOPY AND CT SCAN
Authors: RAMOS MAX ROGÉRIO FREITAS , HIDALGO PEDRO FILGUEIRAS , FAGUNDES DIOGO , SAN JUNIOR YONDER ARCHANJO CHING
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess whether Bare Spot is previously displaced by proportion (MEASURE BP-A × 1.25/MEASURE BP-P = 1). Methods: 35 patients with surgical indication for rotator cuff injury repair were evaluated. The distances from the Bare Spot to the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity (BS-A) and to the posterior edge (BS-P) were measured by arthroscopy and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction of the scapula. Results: The distance from the Bare Spot to the anterior border (BS-A tc) was 11.6 mm with a median 12 mm; The distance to the posterior border (BS-P tc) was on average 15.5 mm with a median 15 mm. The distances from BS to anterior cavity edge measured by arthroscopy were on average (BS-A video) 12.25 mm with a median of 12 mm, and from BS to posterior edge (BS-P video) 16.25 mm on average with median 16 mm (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Bare Spot is displaced anteriorly at a proportion of 40% of the anterior margin and 60% of the posterior margin. Level of Evidence II - Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference “gold standard”).
Realist evaluation for programs and services in the health area: an integrative review of the theoretical and methodological literature
Authors: Quintans Jeane Roza , Yonekura Tatiana , Trapé Carla Andrea , Soares Cassia Baldini
Published: October 2020

Objective: to identify and analyze the concepts of the realist evaluation and the methodologies recommended for its development in the health area. Method: an integrative review, which included theoretical and methodological studies published in the following databases: COCHRANE Library, EVIPNet, Health Systems Evidence, LILACS, PDQ-Evidence, PubMed, Rx for Change, and SciELO, in addition to Teses-CAPES and Google Scholar, for the gray literature. The mediation category underlay the analysis. Results: 19 references were included, published between 1997 and 2018. It is an innovative proposal to direct the process of evaluating health programs, interventions, and/or policies, with the democratic participation of the parties involved, such as users, workers, managers and researchers; it proposes to elaborate theories about what works, for whom, in what context, and how. The mediation category indicated the need for these theories not to be restricted to the micro-context, but to incorporate the elements of the social macro-structure to which they are connected. Conclusion: It is indicated that the realist evaluation is to be conducted in 21 stages. It takes into account qualitative and procedural methods, which makes it powerful for understanding human and social relationships in the context analyzed. Theories that come from evaluating the functioning of the programs analyzed have greater explanatory chances if they are built by reference to the social totality.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO GENÉTICA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DO VÍRUS RÁBICO ISOLADO DE BOVINOS NO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO, BRASIL
Authors: Matta G.C.A. , Nociti D.L.P. , Carvalho A.A.B , Samara S.I. , Ito F.H , Sakai T , Itou T , Sato G , Kobayashi Y , Mochizuki N
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Foram caracterizados, geneticamente e geograficamente, o sequenciamento parcial da nucleoproteína (gene N) de 53 isolados do vírus da raiva (VR) originários do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Os isolados de bovinos, que se encontravam no grupo do VR relacionado a morcegos hematófagos, foram posteriormente subdivididos em sete subgrupos genéticos. Estes subgrupos foram distribuídos em regiões de terras planas, com alguns subgrupos separados por formações de pequenas montanhas e hidrografia. Estes resultados indicam que a raiva em bovinos é derivada de diversas variantes regionalmente definidas, o que sugere que sua distribuição geográfica está relacionada as populações de morcegos hematófagos.
ÁCAROS (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) ASSOCIADOS A PLANTAS ORNAMENTAIS TROPICAIS NA REGIÃO LITORAL SUL DA BAHIA
Authors: Santos R.M.V. , Noronha A.C.S. , Oliveira A.R. , Bittencourt M.A.L.
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Em razão da expansão do agronegócio de flores tropicais na região Litoral Sul da Bahia e da inexistência de estudos com ácaros associados a essas culturas na região foram realizadas coletas no período de setembro de 2006 a junho de 2007 em 34 espécies/cultivares de plantas ornamentais tropicais das famílias Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Musaceae e Zingiberaceae de onze propriedades localizadas em seis municípios (13º 21’ a 14º 58’ de latitude Sul e 39º 04’ a 39º 27’ de longitude Oeste), com o objetivo de se determinar a composição de grupos funcionais nos cultivos analisando-se a comunidade no nível de família por meio de índices faunísticos. Os ácaros foram coletados, mensalmente, em folhas e inflorescências. Foram registradas 22 famílias. Mais da metade dos ácaros pertenceu a famílias predominantemente predadoras, com destaque para os fitoseídeos. Com base em índices faunísticos, as famílias Phytoseiidae e Tetranychidae atingiram os índices máximos de dominância, abundância, frequência e constância. Tetraniquídeos (Tetranychus aff. abacae Baker & Pritchard) foram registrados em Alpinia purpurata (Viell.) Schum, Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith, Musa coccinea H.C. Andrews, Strelitzia reginae Aiton, Zingiber spectabilis Griffith, Heliconia latispatha Benth., Heliconia rivularis L. Emygd. & E. Santos, Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pavon, Heliconia wagneriana Petersen e nos cultivares de helicônias ‘Nappi Yellow’, ‘Jacquinii’, ‘She’, ‘Golden Torch’, ‘Red Opal’, ‘Alan Carle’, ‘Fire Bird’ e ‘Nappi Red’. As espécies/cultivares com maior número de famílias de ácaros foram H. latispatha. H. rostrata. M. coccinea, ‘Fire Bird’, E. elatior ‘Vermelha’, Z. spectabilis. E. elatior ‘Rosa’, A. purpurata ‘Vermelha’ e helicônias ‘Alan Carle’, ‘Sassy’ e ‘She’. Não foram detectados nas plantas danos que causassem prejuízos econômicos aos produtores. As pequenas populações de fitófagos sugerem um eficiente controle natural por predadores, patógenos ou outros fatores.
EFEITO FISIOLÓGICO DO INSETICIDA THIAMETHOXAM NA CULTURA DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Pereira J.M. , Fernandes P.M. , Veloso V.R.S.
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito fisiológico de thiamethoxam no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de cana-de-açúcar, foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro conduzido em caixas plásticas do tipo gerbox (3,5 x 11 x 11 cm) contendo substrato, aplicou-se thiamethoxam em toletes de cana-de-açúcar, nas doses: 0, 100, 150 e 200 g de ingrediente ativo (i.a.).ha-1. O segundo experimento foi realizado em tubos de PVC (0,2 x 1,20 m), preenchido com solo, utilizaram-se seis doses de thiamethoxam (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 g i.a.ha-1) em mudas de duas variedades (RB867515 e SP80-1816). Avaliou-se a parte área e o sistema radicular das plantas aos 30 dias após a aplicação do inseticida, no primeiro experimento e aos 130 dias no segundo. Observou-se que no primeiro experimento as características altura, diâmetro e massa seca da parte área não foram alterados em razão da aplicação do inseticida nos toletes de cana-de-açúcar, porém, nos tratamentos com thiamethoxam houve um incremento na massa seca das raízes de até 3,7 vezes mais. No segundo experimento, thiamethoxam proporcionou aumento no diâmetro das plantas e incremento na massa seca das raízes da variedade RB867515 de até 72,69%. No entanto, o comprimento do sistema radicular e a massa seca da parte aérea não foram alterados pela aplicação do inseticida nas mudas.
Performance of soybean grown in succession to black oat and wheat
Authors: Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Santos Julio Cezar Franchini dos , Debiasi Henrique , Coelho Antônio Eduardo , Sapucay Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa , Bratti Felipe , Locatelli Jorge Luiz
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of isolated or combined roots and straw of black oat and wheat, as previous crops in autumn/winter, on the performance of soybean in succession. The experiment was carried out in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 crop seasons in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The following seven treatments were applied in the autumn/winter of 2017 and 2018, before soybean planting: fallow; straw of black oat or wheat, distributed on plots kept under fallow during autumn/winter, without roots; plots only with roots of black oat or wheat, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of black oat or wheat. Soybean crop performance was estimated using the following variables: plant density, leaf area index, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, shoot dry matter, grain yield, and yield components. In comparison with fallow, the cultivation of black oat or wheat, as previous crops during the autumn/winter, increases soybean grain yield. The impact of the roots of black oat or wheat on soybean yield is similar to that of straw. Soybean agronomic performance is improved in the combined presence of roots and straw of black oat or wheat.
Identificação da carga de trabalho da enfermagem em Centro de Material e Esterilização
Authors: Costa Janaína Anchieta , Fugulin Fernanda Maria Togeiro
Published: October 2020

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a carga de trabalho em Centro de Material e Esterilização como parâmetro para o método de dimensionamento dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método Estudo de natureza quantitativa, observacional, realizado em quatro instituições hospitalares da cidade de São Paulo, em três etapas: mapeamento das atividades em posições de trabalho; determinação do tempo padrão de processamento dos materiais e estabelecimento da carga média diária de trabalho. Resultados Foram obtidas 1315 amostras de tempo nas 15 posições de trabalho mapeadas. Os valores de tempo não apresentaram diferenças significativas, possibilitando determinar o tempo padrão de processamento dos materiais. As cargas médias diárias de trabalho corresponderam à: 217,4; 294,0; 123,1 e 189,1 horas. Conclusão Além de propor um método para determinar a carga de trabalho, a presente investigação indica parâmetros para o processamento de materiais e constitui importante referencial para elaborar propostas consistentes para o planejamento, alocação e distribuição de profissionais de enfermagem nessas unidades.
Desinformação sobre o Covid-19 no WhatsApp: a pandemia enquadrada como debate político
Authors: Soares Felipe Bonow , Recuero Raquel , Volcan Taiane , Fagundes Giane , Sodré Giéle
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, discutimos como é enquadrada a desinformação sobre o Covid-19 no WhatsApp no Brasil. Nossos objetivos são: (1) analisar a influência do discurso político nestes processos e (2) identificar as características da desinformação sobre o Covid-19 nesta ferramenta. Para isso, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo em um conjunto de 802 mensagens coletadas por meio do Monitor do WhatsApp em março e abril de 2020. Os nossos principais resultados mostram que: (1) a pandemia foi enquadrada como debate político e a desinformação foi utilizada para fortalecer uma narrativa pró-Bolsonaro em momento de crise do governo; e (2) as affordances do WhatsApp afetam o conteúdo e as estratégias discursivas das mensagens, que se apropriam do espaço mais privado para propagar teorias da conspiração baseadas em opinião e utilizam estratégias como o call to action para aumentar a propagação da desinformação.
Pandemia y protesta social: Tendencias de la conflictividad social y laboral en Argentina 2019-2020
Authors: Nava Agustin , Grigera Juan
Published: October 2020

¿Es posible protestar bajo una pandemia cuando existen reglas y razones para el aislamiento? Pero también, ¿es posible no protestar durante la pandemia cuando esta profundizó una crisis de dimensiones inéditas? Este trabajo presenta una descripción y un análisis de las tendencias efectivasen Argentina entre 2019 y Julio de 2020.
Fire protection assessment for the steel beams of a road bridge
Authors: Zaharia Raul , Both Ioan , Duma Diana , Dubina Dan
Published: October 2020

The impact of a fire in an open car park situated under a road bridge was evaluated. In a highly ventilated space such as an open car park, fire may develop by spreading from one car to another. High temperatures may appear locally above burning cars and, in the case of flames impacting the bridge deck, the heat flux from each burning car may be added to different sections of the steel beams of the bridge. The purpose of the study was to determine the most severe fire scenario leading to the highest temperatures in unprotected steel beams of a bridge situated above an open car park. As a function of these temperatures and using standard temperature-time curve equivalence, the necessary fire protection of the steel beams was assessed. Temperatures were determined using the localised fire models of BS EN 1991-1-2:2002, together with the results of some fire tests on isolated cars and car parks existing in the literature. Considering the positions of cars in the car park, the maximum temperatures in the unprotected steel beams were obtained considering no more than five cars in the fire, as corresponding to statistics regarding fires in open car parks.