bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross‐Electrophile C−PIIICoupling of Chlorophosphines with Organic Halides: Photoinduced PIIIand Aminoalkyl Radical Generation Enabled by Pnictogen Bonding
Authors: Tu Yong‐Liang , Zhang Bei‐Bei , Qiu Bing‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu
Published: September 2023

Pnictogen bonding (PnB) has gained recognition as an appealing strategy for constructing novel architectures and unlocking new properties. Within the synthetic community, the development of a straightforward and much simpler protocol for cross‐electrophile C−PIIIcoupling remains an ongoing challenge with organic halides. In this study, we present a simple strategy for photoinduced PnB‐enabled cross‐electrophile C−PIIIcouplings using readily available chlorophosphines and organic halides via merging single electron transfer (SET) and halogen atom transfer (XAT) processes. In this photomediated transformation, the PnB formed between chlorophosphines and alkyl amines facilitates the photogeneration of PIIIradicals andα‐aminoalkyl radicals through SET. Subsequently, the resultingα‐aminoalkyl radicals activate C−X bonds via XAT, leading to the formation of carbon radicals. This methodology offers operational simplicity and compatibility with both aliphatic and aromatic chlorophosphines and organic halides.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Allylation of Ketones with Allenylsilanes
Authors: Xu Menghua , Lu Qingbin , Gong Baihui , Ti Wenqing , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan , Gao Shang
Published: September 2023

We report herein a regiodivergent and enantioselective allyl addition to ketones with allenylsilanes through copper catalysis. With the combination of CuOAc, a Josiphos‐type bidentate phosphine ligand and PhSiH3, allyl addition to a variety of ketones furnishes branched products in excellent enantioselectivities. The regioselectivity is completely reversed by employing the P‐stereogenic ligand BenzP*, affording the linear products with excellent enantioselectivities and good Z‐selectivities. The linear Z‐product could be converted to E‐product via a catalytic geometric isomerization of the Z‐alkene group. The silyl group in the products could provide a handle for downstream elaboration.
Utilizing the Hofmeister Effect to Induce Hydrogelation of Nonionic Supramolecular Polymers into a Therapeutic Depot
Authors: Wang Han , Su Hao , Xu Tian , Cui Honggang
Published: September 2023

Nonionic hydrogels are of particular interest for long‐term therapeutic implantation due to their minimal immunogenicity relative to their charged counterparts. However, in situ formation of nonionic supramolecular hydrogels under physiological conditions has been a challenging task. In this context, we report on our discovery of salt‐triggered hydrogelation of nonionic supramolecular polymers (SPs) formed by self‐assembling prodrug hydrogelators (SAPHs) through the Hofmeister effect. The designed SAPHs consist of two SN‐38 units, which is an active metabolite of the anticancer drug irinotecan, and a short peptide grafted with two or four oligoethylene glycol (OEG) segments. Upon self‐assembly in water, the resultant nonionic SPs can be triggered to gel upon addition of phosphate salts. Our 1H NMR studies revealed that the added phosphates led to a change in the chemical shift of the methylene protons, suggestive of a disruption of the water‐ether hydrogen bonds and consequent reorganization of the hydration shell surrounding the SPs. This deshielding effect, commensurate with the amount of salt added, likely promoted associative interactions among the SAPH filaments to percolate into a 3D network. The formed hydrogels exhibited a sustained release profile of SN‐38 hydrogelator that acted potently against cancer cells.
Engineered Bacteria Labeled with Iridium(III) Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors
Authors: Lin Wenkai , Liu Yu , Wang Jinhui , Zhao Zhennan , Lu Kai , Meng He , Luoliu Ruiqi , He Xiaojun , Shen Jianliang , Mao Zong‐Wan , Xia Wei
Published: September 2023

Despite metal‐based photosensitizers showing great potential in photodynamic therapy for tumor treatment, the application of the photosensitizers is intrinsically limited by their poor cancer‐targeting properties. Herein, we reported a metal‐based photosensitizer‐bacteria hybrid, Ir‐HEcN, via covalent labeling of an iridium(III) photosensitizer to the surface of genetically engineered bacteria. Due to its intrinsic self‐propelled motility and hypoxia tropism, Ir‐HEcN selectively targets and penetrates deeply into tumor tissues. Importantly, Ir‐HEcN is capable of inducing pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death of tumor cells under irradiation, thereby remarkably evoking anti‐tumor innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo and leading to the regression of solid tumors via combinational photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, Ir‐HEcN is the first metal complex decorated bacteria for enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy.
Three‐phase bio‐nanocomposite natural‐rubber‐based microfibers reinforced with cellulose nanowhiskers and 45S5 bioglass obtained by solution blow spinning
Authors: Silva Michael J. , Dias Yasmin J. , Zaszczyńska Angelika , Kołbuk Dorota , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Sajkiewicz Paweł Ł. , Yarin Alexander L.
Published: September 2023

Aiming at biomedical applications, the present work developed a new bio‐nanocomposite fibrous mat based on natural rubber (NR) reinforced with 45S5 bioglass particles (BG) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW), which reveals excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility and bioactivity properties. Analyses of the specimens were conducted by means of morphological observations (SEM) and thermal analysis (TG/DTG), as well as mechanical tests used to verify the effect of the incorporation of BG particles and CNW on the ultimate properties of these flexible NR‐CWN/BG fibrous membranes. An SEM analysis revealed that all filaments possessed a ribbon‐like morphology, with increasing diameters as the BG concentration increased. This likely results from an increased viscosity of the solution used for fiber blowing. In comparison with neat NR fibrous mats, the ultimate mechanical properties of bio‐nanocomposites were significantly improved due to the presence of CNW and BG particles dispersed in the NR matrix. According to the TG/DTG analysis, the specimens' thermal stability was unaffected by the high BG content, and the thermal profiles were similar, with isoprene chains decomposition of the NR occurring between 350 and 450°C. In‐vitro analysis on fibroblasts confirmed that the bio‐nanocomposite fibrous mats are noncytotoxic. It was found that fibrous mats enhanced cellular growth and hold great promise for tissue engineering applications.
Waggle dance‐related gene expression profiles in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) brain
Authors: Yu Kejun , Zhao Yuanhong , Nie Hongyi , Wu Zun , Geng Long , Huang Jingnan , Zhang Zhaonan , Lü Yang , Su Songkun , Li Zhiguo
Published: September 2023

The honey bee dance communication system is one of the most intriguing animal communication signals. It allows foragers to share information related to food sources with nestmates using the waggle dance, which involves the transmission of location information through orientation and duration. Honey bee transcriptomes are dynamic with different stages, expressing an ensemble of differential genes that give rise to substantial behavior diversity. Here, we have provided a global view of mRNA expression profiles in three different stages of waggle dancers including dancing start (DS), dancing end (DE), and dancing cessation (DC). This study yielded 212 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among them, we identified 92 DEGs between DS and DC, 118 DEGs between DE and DC, and 2 DEGs between DS and DE. Further, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis suggested that hormone‐mediated signaling pathways and participation in pathways controlling the circadian rhythm, nicotinate, and nicotinamide metabolism were attributed to upregulated genes in DS. In addition, the D1 dopamine receptor in dopaminergic pathways, the peptide signaling involving apidaecin, and neprilysin‐2 may play important roles in intricate behavioral processes.
Evaluating regulatory scenarios to limit U.S. nationwide exposure to cytotoxic haloacetic acids
Authors: Peterson Eric S. , Raseman William J. , Stanford Benjamin D. , Bruce Gretchen M. , Klintworth Heather , Reckhow David
Published: September 2023

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering a regulatory revision of the Disinfectant and Disinfection Byproduct Rule (DBPR) with a goal of limiting nationwide exposure to DBPs of emerging health concern. The occurrence of four brominated haloacetic acids (HAAs), which are generally more toxic in in vitro assays than the five currently regulated HAAs and are candidates for future regulation, were surveyed in 4924 public water systems under EPA's fourth unregulated contaminant monitoring rule (UCMR4). Using UCMR4 data, this study evaluated the nationwide occurrence of nine HAA species and the potential for two regulatory scenarios (the mass sum of all nine HAA species, HAA9, or just the six brominated HAA species, HAA6Br) to control nationwide exposure to the most toxic HAAs. Neither HAA9 nor HAA6Br approaches were effective for identifying water systems that exhibit high HAA exposure, assessed as additive cytotoxicity, because they are more specific to the HAA species that form at high concentrations rather than the species that are most toxic. However, the effectiveness of HAA6Br is highly sensitive to the relative toxicity of one HAA compound, monobromoacetic acid, which has the highest in vitro toxicity among HAAs but also the lowest occurrence and about which little is known regarding in vivo health risks. In contrast to HAA9, systems with high HAA‐associated additive toxicity tend to share similar treatment and disinfectant characteristics as systems with high HAA6Br concentrations. Systems with high source water bromide and total organic carbon were far more likely to use chloramines as a disinfectant residual compared to other systems, but were no more likely to adopt organic precursor removal technologies (biofiltration, granular activated carbon, and ion exchange) than other systems, on average.
The potential role of mechanotransduction in the management of pediatric calvarial bone flap repair
Authors: Anderson Hanna , Hersh David S. , Khan Yusuf
Published: September 2023

Pediatric patients suffering traumatic brain injuries may require a decompressive craniectomy to accommodate brain swelling by removing a portion of the skull. Once the brain swelling subsides, the preserved calvarial bone flap is ideally replaced as an autograft during a cranioplasty to restore protection of the brain, as it can reintegrate and grow with the patient during immature skeletal development. However, pediatric patients exhibit a high prevalence of calvarial bone flap resorption post‐cranioplasty, causing functional and cosmetic morbidity. This review examines possible solutions for mitigating pediatric calvarial bone flap resorption by delineating methods of stimulating mechanosensitive cell populations with mechanical forces. Mechanotransduction plays a critical role in three main cell types involved with calvarial bone repair, including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and dural cells, through mechanisms that could be exploited to promote osteogenesis. In particular, physiologically relevant mechanical forces, including substrate deformation, external forces, and ultrasound, can be used as tools to stimulate bone repair in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Ultimately, combating pediatric calvarial flap resorption may require a combinatorial approach using both cell therapy and bioengineering strategies.
Novel insight into histological and molecular astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant, Grade 4 by the updated WHO classification of central nervous system tumors
Authors: Chen Wenlin , Guo Siying , Wang Yaning , Shi Yixin , Guo Xiaopeng , Liu Delin , Li Yilin , Wang Yuekun , Xing Hao , Xia Yu , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Liang Tingyu , Wang Hai , Liu Qianshu , Jin Shanmu , Qu Tian , Li Huanzhang , Yang Tianrui , Zhang Kun , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin
Published: September 2023

Background

The latest fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors (WHO CNS 5 classification) released in 2021 defined astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant, Grade 4. However, the understanding of this subtype is still limited. We conducted this study to describe the features of astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant, Grade 4 and explored the similarities and differences between histological and molecular subtypes.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgery from January 2011 to January 2022, classified as astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant, Grade 4 were included in this study. Clinical, radiological, histopathological, molecular pathological, and survival data were collected for analysis.

Results

Altogether 33 patients with astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant, Grade 4 were selected, including 20 with histological and 13 with molecular WHO Grade 4 astrocytoma. Tumor enhancement, intratumoral‐necrosis like presentation, larger peritumoral edema, and more explicit tumor margins were frequently observed in histological WHO Grade 4 astrocytoma. Additionally, molecular WHO Grade 4 astrocytoma showed a tendency for relatively longer overall survival, while a statistical significance was not reached (47 vs. 25 months, p = 0.22). TP53, CDK6, and PIK3CA alteration was commonly observed, while PIK3R1 (p = 0.033), Notch1 (p = 0.027), and Mycn (p = 0.027) alterations may affect the overall survival of molecular WHO Grade 4 astrocytomas.

Conclusions

Our study scrutinized IDH‐mutant, Grade 4 astrocytoma. Therefore, further classification should be considered as the prognosis varied between histological and molecular WHO Grade 4 astrocytomas. Notably, therapies aiming at PIK3R1, Notch 1, and Mycn may be beneficial.
Exploring the Chemical and Biological Potential of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) Leaves: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumari Neeraj , Kumar Manoj , Chaudhary Nisha , Zhang Baohong , Radha  , Chandran Deepak , Joshi Shourabh , Singh Daljeet , Dey Abhijit , Rajalingam Sureshkumar , Natarajan Krishnaprabu , Muthukumar Muthamilselvan , Mohankumar Pran , Sheri Vijay , Dhumal Sangram , Lorenzo Jose M.
Published: September 2023

Leaves of jamun collected as agro by‐produce during the cultivation of jamun is traditionally used as ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes, gall bladder stones and other ailments. Most of the beneficial effects of jamun leaves are associated with phytochemicals found in jamun leaves such as gallic acid, tannins, mallic acid, flavonoids, essential oils, jambolin, ellagic acid, jambosine, antimellin and betulinic acid. Jamun possess curative activities like anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti‐inflammatory, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antiradiation, chemotherapeutic, and gastroprotective. The main goal of this review article is to provide information on the nutritional content, phytochemical composition and health promoting properties of jamun leaves. The review of literature based on the phytochemical composition and health promoting benefits of the jamun leaves, suggests that leaves can be used as potential constituent in the formulation of pharmacological drugs. From the review literature it is found that clinical, in‐vivo, in‐vitro studies are still required to check the health promoting effects of jamun leaves extracts on humans.
Access to High‐Purity 7mG‐cap RNA in Substantial Quantities by a Convenient All‐Chemical Solid‐Phase Method
Authors: Noël Mathieu , Guez Theo , Thillier Yann , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Debart Françoise
Published: September 2023

Given the importance of mRNA with 5’‐cap, easy access to RNA substrates with different 7mG caps, of high quality and in large quantities is essential to elucidate the roles of RNA and the regulation of underlying processes. In addition to existing synthetic routes to 5’‐cap RNA based on enzymatic, chemical or chemo‐enzymatic methods, we present here an all‐chemical method for synthetic RNA capping. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the capping reaction is performed on solid‐support after automated RNA assembly using commercial 2’‐O‐propionyloxymethyl ribonucleoside phosphoramidites, which enable final RNA deprotection under mild conditions while preserving both 7mG‐cap and RNA integrity. The capping reaction is efficiently carried out between a 5’‐phosphoroimidazolide RNA anchored on the support and 7mGDP in DMF in the presence of zinc chloride. Substantial amounts of 7mG‐cap RNA (from 1 to 28 nucleotides in length and of any sequence with or without internal methylations) containing various cap structures (7mGpppA, 7mGpppAm, 7mGpppm6A, 7mGpppm6Am, 7mGpppG, 7mGpppGm) were obtained with high purity after IEX‐HPLC purification. This capping method using solid‐phase chemistry is convenient to perform and provides access to valuable RNA substrates as useful research tools to unravel specific issues regarding cap‐related processes.
Impact of diabetes on long‐term outcomes of bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention. An analysis from the BIFURCAT registry
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Kang Jeehoon , Elia Edoardo , Han Jung‐Kyu , De Filippo Ovidio , Yang Han‐Mo , Gallone Guglielmo , Park Kyung‐Woo , De Luca Leonardo , Kang Hyun‐Jae , Quadri Giorgio , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol , Chun Woo Jung , Giannino Giuseppe , Hur Seung‐Ho , Han Seung Hwan , Truffa Alessandra , Bin Song Young , Cortese Bernardo , Choi Ki Hong , Chieffo Alaide , Hong Soon‐Jun , Di Pietro Gianluca , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Wanha Wojciech , Nam Chang‐Wook , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Mattesini Alessio , de De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Koo Bon‐Kwon , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio
Published: September 2023

Background

It is still unclear the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) in complex coronary lesions treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) which themselves are at increased incidence of adverse events.

Methods

BIFURCAT registry encompassed patients treated with PCI for coronary bifurcation lesion from the COBIS III and the RAIN registry. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major cardiovascular adverse event (MACE), a composite and mutual exclusive of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction (MI) or target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). A total of 5537 patients were included in the analysis and 1834 (33%) suffered from DM.

Results

After a median follow‐up of 21 months, diabetic patients had a higher incidence of MACE (17% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), all‐cause mortality (9% vs. 4%, p < 0.001), TLR (5% vs. 3%, p = 0.001), MI (4% vs. 2%, p < 0.001), and stent thrombosis (ST) (2% vs. 1%, p = 0.007). After multivariate analysis, diabetes remained significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37; confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.65; p = 0.001), all‐cause death (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.24–2.19, p = 0.001), TLR (HR: 1.45; CI: 1.03–2.04; p = 0.031) and ST (HR: 1.73, CI: 1.04–2.88; p = 0.036), but not with MI (HR: 1.34; CI: 0.93–1.92; p = 0.11). Among diabetics, chronic kidney disease (HR: 2.99; CI: 2.21–4.04), baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (HR: 0.98; CI: 0.97–0.99), femoral access (HR: 1.62; CI: 1.23–2.15), left main coronary artery (HR: 1.44; CI: 1.06–1.94), main branch diameter (HR: 0.79; CI: 0.66–0.94) and final kissing balloon (HR: 0.70; CI: 0.52–0.93) were independent predictors of MACE at follow‐up.

Conclusions

Patients with DM treated with PCI for coronary bifurcations have a worse prognosis due to higher incidence of MACE, all‐cause mortality, TLR and ST compared to the non‐diabetics.
Coils embolization use for coronary procedures: Basics, indications, and techniques
Authors: Loh Shu Xian , Brilakis Emmanuelle , Gasparini Gabriele , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Garbo Roberto , Mashayekhi Kambis , Alaswad Khaldoon , Goktiken Omer , Avran Alexandre , Knaapen Paul , Nap Alex , Elguindi Ahmed , Tammam Khalid , Yamane Masahisa , Stone Gregg W. , Egred Mohaned
Published: September 2023

The use of coils is fundamental in interventional cardiology and can be lifesaving in selected settings. Coils are classified by their materials into bare metal, fiber coated, and hydrogel coated, or by the deliverability method into, pushable or detachable coils. Coils are delivered through microcatheters and the choice of coil size is important to ensure compatibility with the inner diameter of the delivery catheter, firstly to be able to deliver and secondly to prevent the coil from being stuck and damaged. Clinically, coils are used in either acute or in elective setting. The most important acute indication is typically the sealing coronary perforation. In the elective settings, coils can be used for the treatment of certain congenital cardiac abnormalities, aneurysms, fistulas or in the treatment of arterial side branch steal syndrome after CABG. Coils must always be delivered under fluoroscopy guidance. There are some associated complications with coils that can be acute or chronic, that nictitates regular followed‐up. There is a need for education, training and regular workshops with hands‐on to build the experience to use coils in situations that are infrequently encountered.
Wire‐based antegrade dissection re‐entry technique for coronary chronic total occlusions percutaneous revascularization: Experience from the ERCTO Registry
Authors: Galassi Alfredo R. , Vadalà Giuseppe , Maniscalco Laura , Gasparini Gabriele , Jo Dens , Bozinovic Nenad Z. , Gorgulu Sevket , Gehrig Thomas , Grancini Luca , Ungi Imre , La Scala Eugenio , Ladwiniec Andrew , Stojkovic Sinisa , La Manna Alessio , Tumscitz Carlo , Elhadad Simon , Werner Gerald S. , Sianos Georgios , Garbo Roberto , Carlino Mauro , Mashayekhi Kambis , di Mario Carlo
Published: September 2023

Background

The recent development and widespread adoption of antegrade dissection re‐entry (ADR) techniques have been underlined as one of the antegrade strategies in all worldwide CTO consensus documents. However, historical wire‐based ADR experience has suffered from disappointing long‐term outcomes.

Aims

Compare technical success, procedural success, and long‐term outcome of patients who underwent wire‐based ADR technique versus antegrade wiring (AW).

Methods

One thousand seven hundred and ten patients, from the prospective European Registry of Chronic Total Occlusions (ERCTO), underwent 1806 CTO procedures between January 2018 and December 2021, at 13 high‐volume ADR centers. Among all 1806 lesions attempted by the antegrade approach, 72% were approached with AW techniques and 28% with wire‐based ADR techniques.

Results

Technical and procedural success rates were lower in wire‐based ADR than in AW (90.3% vs. 96.4%, p < 0.001; 87.7% vs. 95.4%, p < 0.001, respectively); however, wire‐based ADR was used successfully more often in complex lesions as compared to AW (p = 0.017). Wire‐based ADR was used in most cases (85%) after failure of AW or retrograde procedures. At a mean clinical follow‐up of 21 ± 15 months, major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) did not differ between AW and wire‐based ADR (12% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.106); both AW and wire‐based ADR procedures were associated with significant symptom improvements.

Conclusions

As compared to AW, wire‐based ADR is a reliable and effective strategy successfully used in more complex lesions and often after the failure of other techniques. At long‐term follow‐up, patient's MACCEs and symptoms improvement were similar in both antegrade techniques.
A case of hepatic portal venous gas
Authors: Kataoka Shuma , Watanabe Tomoyuki
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Portal venous gas (PVG) is rare. When PVG is seen, mesenteric ischemia should be differentiated. US is accurate in the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia, but the value depends on various condition. Physicians should be familiar with findings of PVG and mesenteric ischemia to aid in appropriate management.
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease with a unilateral presentation in a patient with marijuana overuse: Role of multimodal imaging in suspected patients
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Gharouni Ahmad , Motamed Shariati Mehrdad
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Harada disease could uniquely present with only unilateral symptoms, as was seen in our patient. However, multimodal imaging including ICG angiography could show bilateral involvement. Considering the immunomodulatory effects of Cannabis, the absence of inflammatory findings and the unusual presentation of the disease, in our case, may have been caused by the use of marijuana.

To report a patient addicted to marijuana with the diagnosis of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease with a unilateral presentation. A 24‐year‐old man presented to us with painless decreased vision in his right eye (RE) and photophobia 3 days ago. No history of significant family or past medical history was documented. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) of the RE showed multiple areas of subretinal fluid in the macula. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) revealed round hypocyanescent dark dots (HDD) of similar size, evenly distributed in both eyes. With the diagnosis of VKH disease, anti‐inflammatory treatment was started. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of suspected VKH in a patient with marijuana overuse. Regarding the complex effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient of marijuana, on the vascular and immune systems, reaching a definite conclusion is not possible. This report shows the value of multimodal imaging in patients with unusual presentations.
Unusual presentation of transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis: A case report of pruritus as a possible initial symptom and challenging diagnosis
Authors: Baghaee Massood , Mohammadi Mahsa , Moradi Amir , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Karimi Hanie , Ghorbani Parastoo , Rajabnia Mohsen , Forootan Mojgan
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case emphasizes the significance of cardiac amyloidosis as a potential diagnosis in individuals manifesting with lesion‐free pruritus and normal liver tests.

Amyloidosis is a complex disorder in which misfolded proteins accumulate in various organs of the body. Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) can lead to heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, and deposition of proteins in coronary arteries. Diagnosing CA can be difficult, as the cardiac manifestations of amyloidosis can be similar to more prevalent etiologies. In addition, the accumulation of proteins in soft tissues, including the skin, can cause pruritus. In this paper, we present a 70‐year‐old man with generalized pruritus and no skin lesions, later diagnosed as CA after detecting ascites fluid. This case underscores the importance of considering amyloidosis in patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms, particularly those affecting the skin, and highlights the need for increased awareness of this disease among clinicians.
Technical innovation and research of autoclaved aerated concrete block/panel equipment
Authors: Chen Chadwick , Xu Shunwu , Qi Guoliang , Huo Wenquan
Published: September 2023

Recent years with the development of green buildings, the market demand for new building materials is rising, which also comes the high requirements for production technology, equipment durability and product quality. Taking the successful experience from hundred projects, KEDA SUREMAKER upgrades practical functions of AAC core equipment such as the cutting section and packing section to improve working efficiency, productivity, and durability, and make equipment easier to operate and maintain. For the production of high‐quality AAC panel, a new solution of vertical cake cutting—green cake separation—flat cake autoclaving is launched. As for the demands of mass AAC block production, a new three‐layer efficiency white cake separation technology is given. In addition, the production management system of the whole factory has been upgraded to make AAC plant management more efficient.
The bulk density of AAC – Influencing factors and their magnitude
Authors: Haas Martin
Published: September 2023

The bulk density of AAC determines many of its properties like compressive strength, thermal conductivity, sound insulation, and so on. It is described by the solid mass divided by the volume. The volume again is determined by the volume of the slurry in the mixer plus the rising volume. The rising volume is mainly caused by the hydrogen generation of the aluminum reaction. In practice, the rising volume is controlled by dosing of the aluminum, based on experience. This article shows that the rising volume cannot be calculated resp. controlled by the aluminum reaction only. Other influence parameters like casting temperature, final temperature and air pressure must be considered. The magnitude of this influence parameters is described, and some practical consequences are shown.
Polish approach to the development of AAC properties and applications
Authors: Zapotoczna–Sytek Genowefa , Małolepszy Jan , Soboń Mieczysław
Published: September 2023

Over 70 years of AAC production in Poland prompts us to present our path from the beginning of its manufacturing in 1951 to the high quality of today. To launch AAC production in Poland was a significant decision that helped rebuild the country after World War II. Today AAC is one of the most popular wall‐building materials in Poland (about 40%), and housing development, on a large scale, would be practically impossible without it. We will discuss the current steps we take in search of raw materials optimal for AAC production, both natural (primary) and recyclable (or “secondary”), like power‐generation, chemical, or other industry by‐products. We will also discuss changes to product assortment: from small‐size to medium and large‐size reinforced elements with full factory finish, as well as the state of the art in this area. We will look at technical progress in production processes. Given the AAC properties and our technology achievements, we believe that further AAC development will primarily concern phase composition, the microstructure and pore structure of aerated concrete. In our works, we have addressed those aspects and taken efforts to design AAC composition with carbon footprint in mind. We also carried out an extensive study on the durability of AAC.
Analysis of thermal solutions in challenging spots of masonry constructions
Authors: Walczak Paweł , Rybarczyk Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a construction material with very good thermal properties. In many countries, the majority of masonry structures are developed using a single wall from low‐density AAC. In some countries, like Poland, the most popular solution is an AAC construction wall with covering insulation material. In the house construction process, several challenging spots can be observed where thermal bridges can develop. One of them will be the place of installation of external window roller blinds on a reinforced concrete lintel or an aerated concrete lintel. In fact, there are several solutions to this problem, but there is no clear answer in the literature about which of those will be optimal in terms of reducing the loss of thermal energy, the cost of which is growing year by year. The research program includes tests of the thermal conductivity of a wall unit built of AAC of various density classes, with the most popular thermal insulation materials available on the market, such as: EPS polystyrene, XPS polystyrene, or aluminum mats.
Evaluation of the compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete in existing masonry
Authors: Drobiec Łukasz , Jasiński Radosław , Mazur Wojciech
Published: September 2023

Sclerometric method, commonly used in reinforced concrete structures, have also found application in masonry structures, mainly in the diagnosis of brick masonry walls or testing mortar in joints. This article presents a proposal for determining the compressive strength of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry elements with the use of the Schmidt OS‐120 PT pendulum hammer. The test was carried out on masonry elements with a nominal density class of 400 and 600. Additional tests were also carried out on samples with different levels of humidity, in order to consider the influence of humidity on the change in rebound number and changes in compressive strength.
Increasing the flexibility in aluminum paste dosing system: A comparison between shift pre‐mixing system and batch pre‐mixing system designs
Authors: Aldarrat Hatem , Drosten Gerrit , Bikbulatov Marat
Published: September 2023

The production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a multiple industrial process that depends on the quality of the used raw materials, mixing ratios as well as on the consistency between the chemical and mechanical performance of the mixing unit in a mixing tower. Optimizing the mixing process, ratios and many other overlapping elements are important factors for its ideal design to ensure reducing production costs and reducing waste of the basic raw materials, that could be happened due to the inflexibility of the used dosing system design. Since the aluminum paste is one of the most important basic raw materials for the manufacture of autoclaved aerated concrete with a low participation rate in the mixture of about 0.1% (e.g., AAC ‐G4 type), however, in terms of production costs, it constitutes a part of not less than 10% of the total raw materials cost per cubic meter of autoclaved aerated concrete (e.g., AAC‐G4 type), according to several real studies in several factories. Through this research, we present a comparison between two aluminum paste dosing system designs already implemented in several AAC factories: (1) shift pre‐mixing and weighting model and system‐ ASMD, (2) Batch pre‐mixing and weighting Model‐ ABMD. This research will illustrate the differences between the two systems in terms of technical and financial aspects based on the reality of practical experience.
Investigation of effective replacement of sand by waste perlite in AAC production
Authors: Černý Vít , Mészárosová Lenka , Drochytka Rostislav , Melichar Jindřich
Published: September 2023

Aerated concrete is a lightweight building material with excellent thermal and technical properties, relative to strength, excellent workability, and is economically advantageous. The basic composition of raw materials includes lime, cement, silica sand, and aluminum powder. Currently, the usability of secondary raw materials is being investigated in many construction sectors. The usability of secondary raw materials becomes a necessity from an ecological and economic point of view. The elimination of CO2 emissions is currently a major global issue. Secondary raw materials used in the construction industry are most often waste materials produced during the combustion of solid substances. These substances are often accumulated in landfills, which have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. It is necessary to constantly look for new ways of using these waste materials not only in the construction industry. The use of these raw materials reduces the price of the final product. It is advantageous if it also brings about a positive change in the properties of aerated concrete. The article deals with the possibility of replacing part or all of the sand content in the recipe of autoclaved aerated concrete with waste perlite. As part of the experimental verification, the influence of waste perlite filler on physical‐mechanical properties (e.g., bulk density, strength) and changes in microstructure is investigated. Primary sand is replaced by perlite in the amount of 10%, 30%, 50%, and 100% by volume in the experiments. The formation of porous structure, its characteristics, and mineralogical composition, in particular the formation of tobermorite, is also evaluated. The study has brought an interesting finding. The results show that the maximum beneficial amount of waste perlite is 30%. Up to this limit, waste perlite has a positive effect on the even distribution of pores in the matrix, with a zero‐phase content of more than 65%. The compressive strength of the samples with waste perlite increases by up to 22% of the values of the compressive strength of the reference sample.
Recarbonation matters—CO2 absorption of AAC during its use phase
Authors: Walther Hartmut B.
Published: September 2023

Rebounding of CO2 during service life and recycling in building materials reduces the CO2 content of the atmosphere. The CO2 was formerly released from limestone through deacidification during the production of cement and quicklime. Binder‐bound building materials later reabsorb this CO2 again. This process is called recarbonation. In contrast to concrete, detailed knowledge about the CO2 cycles of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is missing. Standards concerning adequate sampling and measurement methods as well as suitable calculation methods are currently under development.

According to the valid EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, life cycle assessments and environmental product declarations (EPDs) concern the entire product life cycle and thus also the CO2 reabsorption by building materials. For AAC, this amount can be calculated from the raw material input. The reduction bases on the active CaO contained in the AAC, is absolute and related to the binder mass used. Thus, it can be applied comprehensively and without the influence of the used database system of the background data in EPDs.

Unfortunately, the amount of originally active CaO cannot be measured directly in AAC samples. As a first approximation, it was obvious to assume that all chemically determinable CaO in AAC was formerly active. However, this method underestimates the degree of recarbonation because the raw materials also contain non‐reactive CaO, for example, in the form of calcium silicates. Nevertheless, all diagrams concerning recarbonation of AAC are based on this assumption and the values are too low.

In the presentation, we will introduce a new method to determine the degree of recarbonation of AAC—forced carbonation. Forced carbonation is carried out under defined temperature, humidity, and CO2 conditions in a climate chamber. The measurement is bases on the detection of CO2 in the sample and considers the proportion of non‐reactive CaO and thus leads to realistic degrees of recarbonation.
Investigation of seismic performance of indoor AAC infill walls with flat‐truss bed‐joint reinforcement
Authors: Halici Omer Faruk , Demir Ugur , Zabbar Yassin , Ilki Alper
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a lightweight and energy‐efficient material which makes it one of the most convenient materials to be used in infill walls. Accordingly, AAC walls are becoming more and more favored infill systems in earthquake‐prone regions. Although the infills are not considered primary components in seismic design, they are highly susceptible to be damaged under seismic actions in in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OOP) directions.

Objective

Past post‐earthquake site surveys indicated that the failure of infill walls may result in severe casualties, injuries, and economic losses. In addition, damage to infills may hinder the functionality of critical buildings, which are expected to be in service after earthquakes. The application of horizontal bed‐joint reinforcement between infill courses is one of the promising solutions to increase the seismic resilience of infill walls.

Methodology

This paper presents the experimental performance investigation of AAC infill walls with flat‐truss bed‐joint reinforcement being subjected to lateral loading in IP and OOP directions. The specimens represent relatively thin infills with a thickness of 150 mm, which are generally used in indoor environments. To consider the seismic actions in the IP direction, two full‐scale infill wall specimens (one unreinforced reference and one with flat‐truss reinforcement) built in reinforced concrete frames were first tested under reversed cyclic IP displacement reversals and then tested under the cyclic OOP displacements.

Conclusions

The results revealed that the use of flat‐truss reinforcement enhanced the OOP strength, ultimate displacement, and energy dissipation capacity of infill walls that have been subjected to cyclic IP displacements previously.
The modern Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) plant of today for a sustainable tomorrow
Authors: Tavenier Corniels , Beier Ralf , van Boggelen Koen
Published: September 2023

AAC, already produced since the 1920's, has been subject to continuous innovation and evolution over the history of its product life. The same applies to the AAC production process. Recently, the need for innovation has become more apparent than ever, driven by a serious energy crisis in Europe, combined with an increasing shortage of available labor and an increasing awareness of workers safety. Since the 70's, Aircrete Europe founding roots were highly involved in driving innovation in the AAC industry, with an emphasis on AAC panels. In every project designed by Aircrete top‐class innovation and the highest level of sustainability are always a top priority and are considered already from the very early design phase. As a result of this, Aircrete factories can be operated with the highest level of automation and energy‐saving initiatives to ensure higher operator safety, larger operating efficiency, and a minimized carbon footprint. This paper outlines how decades of experience from being involved in its own AAC operations result in how Aircrete can design a factory that is not only able to meet today's highest safety, regulatory, and environmental standards but is also future‐proof for the anticipated global trends in the industrial manufacturing and construction markets.
Short‐term length change measurements and sorption isotherms for AAC compared to OPC
Authors: Wahab Mirco , Waida Sandra , Bier Thomas A.
Published: September 2023

The interaction of adsorbed water with the microstructure of cementitious materials leads to effects on macroscopic properties. However, precise quantitative correlation of adsorbed water with short‐term changes in macroscopic properties, such as dimensional changes, remains a challenge. We compare recent results from precise dual‐microscope‐based short‐term length change measurements and discuss differences in length‐change isotherms and adsorption isotherms arising from various cement types. Water vapor adsorption happens already at very low humidity in the interlayer space of the C‐S‐H gel. Adsorption and desorption on cement surfaces due to changing relative humidity induces strong forces in the cement gel, leading to detectable changes in dimensional stability for the hardened material. A significant hysteresis in the water desorption isotherm is often accompanied by hysteresis in dimensional change as well. For precise length change measurements, an optical method for tracking surface patterns on thin cement slices was applied. Short‐term length change results are compared to corresponding water vapor sorption isotherms and pore size measurements. Hypotheses and conclusions regarding microstructural changes and shrinkage mechanisms are discussed in order to understand the experimental data.
EAACA net zero roadmap for autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Turski Robert , Kreft Oliver , Fudge Clifford , Walczak Paweł
Published: September 2023

This roadmap sets out a pathway for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) products to reach net‐zero emissions by 2050 with the potential to become carbon negative, thereby absorbing more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they produce. The roadmap aligns the European Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Association (EAACA) and its members with the objectives of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C and supports policies to decarbonize Europe's buildings and construction sectors. AAC is a lightweight, yet strong and durable building material that offers ultra‐efficient thermal insulation, optimum fire protection, and a high load‐bearing capacity. With its net‐zero roadmap and the potential to become carbon negative, AAC has a role to play as a building material in helping to reduce the life‐cycle emissions of Europe's buildings. The roadmap sets out the main levers that must be applied to achieve this. We have drawn these from known technologies and have based our net‐zero target on a life‐cycle analysis provided by an independently verified Environmental Product Declaration. As the majority of CO2e emissions come not from the manufacture of AAC itself, but from the manufacture of two key raw materials—cement and lime—the roadmap draws on the decarburization pathways published by global and European cement and lime industry associations. The building and construction sectors account for a significant share of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Through this roadmap, the EAACA and its members are committed to achieving net‐zero emissions in AAC products by 2050 and supporting the development of a climate‐neutral Europe.
2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Tu Jing , Song Wen , Chen Bo , Li Yusen , Chen Long
Published: September 2023

2D covalent organic frameworks with Kagome (kgm) topology are a promising class of crystalline frameworks that possess both triangular and hexagonal pores. These dual‐pore structures enable kgm COFs to exhibit unique advantages in selective separation, mass transfer, and targeted drug release. However, the synthesis of 2D kgm COFs has been hindered by the reliance on empirical methods. This review systematically summarizes the conventional macrocycle‐to‐framework strategy, typical [4+2] co‐polymerization synthetic strategy, and bifunctional molecules self‐condensation approach for constructing 2D kgm COFs. Factors influencing the formation of kgm lattice are surveyed, such as monomer type, solvent polarity, substrate concentration, etc., and highlight the representative examples on targeted synthesis. Additionally, applications of 2D kgm COFs and relationships between structure and performances are summarized. Finally, key fundamental perspectives are proposed to accelerate the further development of this intriguing material.
The predictive value of abnormal electrocardiogram for patent foramen ovale: A retrospective study
Authors: Jin Peng , Jiao Piqi , Feng Juan , Shi Liang , Ma Ling
Published: September 2023

Background and Hypothesis

The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of electrocardiogram (ECG) in adult patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and to analyze the predictive value of the characteristics of ECG for PFO in adult patients.

Methods

Retrospectively, 267 patients who had undergone ECG, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with agitated saline contrast echocardiography in our hospital, were recruited continuously from January 2021 to March 2023. Electrocardiographs were analyzed to investigate the presence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) and crochetage R wave.

Results

The ratio of crochetage R wave in inferior leads in patients with PFO was 45.3% and 21.2% without PFO. There were 17 (6.4%) patients with coexistence of crochetage R wave and RBBB, including 13 (6.5%) patients with PFO and four (6.1%) patients without PFO. The accuracies of TTE, crochetage R wave, and RBBB were 0.637, 0.535, and 0.314, respectively. A combination of crochetage R wave and RBBB demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.507 and a specificity of 0.758. When TTE, crochetage R wave, and RBBB were combined, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.712, 0.801, 0.439, 0.813, and 0.420, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed a correlation between PFO and the presence of crochetage R wave (odds ratio [OR]: 3.073, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.601–5.899, p < 0.001), and also a combination between crochetage R wave and RBBB (OR: 3.220, 95% CI: 1.720–6.028, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Crochetage R wave in ECG was associated with PFO. Crochetage R wave, especially combined with RBBB and TTE, may be helpful in the early detection of patients with PFO.