bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secular Trends in Severe Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury in North America: An Update From the Acute Liver Failure Study Group Registry
Authors: Rao Ashwin , Rule Jody A. , Hameed Bilal , Ganger Daniel , Fontana Robert J. , Lee William M.
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the second leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States. Our study aims were to characterize secular trends in the implicated agents, clinical features, and outcomes of adults with DILI ALF over a 20-year period.

METHODS:

Among 2,332 patients with ALF enrolled in the ALF Study Group registry, 277 (11.9%) were adjudicated as idiosyncratic DILI ALF (INR ≥ 1.5 and hepatic encephalopathy) through expert opinion. The 155 cases in era 1 (January 20, 1998–January 20, 2008) were compared with the 122 cases in era 2 (January 21, 2008–January 20, 2018).

RESULTS:

Among 277 cases of DILI ALF, 97 different agents, alone or in combination, were implicated: antimicrobials, n = 118 (43%); herbal/dietary supplements (HDS), n = 42 (15%); central nervous system agents/illicit substances, n = 37 (13%); oncologic/biologic agents, n = 29 (10%); and other, n = 51 (18%). Significant trends over time included (i) an increase in HDS DILI ALF (9.7% vs 22%, P < 0.01) and decrease in antimicrobial-induced DILI ALF (45.8% vs. 38.5%, P = 0.03) and (ii) improved overall transplant-free survival (23.5%–38.7%, P < 0.01) while the number of patients transplanted declined (46.4% vs 33.6%, P < 0.03).

DISCUSSION:

DILI ALF in North America is evolving, with HDS cases rising and other categories of suspect drugs declining. The reasons for a significant increase in transplant-free survival and reduced need for liver transplantation over time remain unclear but may be due to improvements in critical care, increased NAC utilization, and improved patient prognostication.
Effect of extreme climatic events on fish seed production in Lower Brahmaputra Valley, Assam, India: Constraint analysis and adaptive strategies
Authors: Bhattacharjya Birendra Kumar , Yadav Anil Kumar , Debnath Dipesh , Saud Bhaskar Jyoti , Verma Vinod Kumar , Yengkokpam Sona , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Das Basanta Kumar
Published: January 2022

The climate of Brahmaputra valley (located in the North-eastern Indian state of Assam) witnesses considerable changes with sub-tropical rain-storm atmosphere and has four well-defined seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon, winter and pre-monsoon) in a year. The state is experiencing extreme climatic events like erratic rainfall patterns (causing abnormally high floods) and drought-like situations in recent years, which adversely affects fish seed production thereby affecting pond aquaculture and fisheries enhancements in open-waters of the region. The present paper describes the major constraints faced by fish seed producers of the region because of extreme climatic events (abnormally high floods and prolonged dry spells) based on field studies in 27 fish seed production farms (randomly selected) located in three districts of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India. Primary data on different aspects of constraints faced by the fish seed producers because of extreme climatic events were collected and analysed. Rank Based Quotient values were calculated, based on ranks given by the fish seed producers for each constraint to prioritize them. Dominant constraint related to abnormally high floods faced by the fish seed producers was ‘loss of brood stock’ (Rank based quotient = 99.1) whereas the least important constraint was ‘entry of weeds/macrophytes’ during floods (Rank Based Quotient = 25.5). Constraints related to drought-like situations ranged from the least important ones like ‘low milt production of male brood fishes’ that had the lowest value (12.5) to the over-arching constraint of ‘inadequate water depth in fish ponds’ during pre-monsoon and prolonged dry spells (Rank Based Quotient = 100.0). Adaptive strategies developed by fish seed producers of the study region to overcome the major constraints have been outlined in the paper. The need for developing improved risk management at macro-level through appropriate policy support to fish seed producers in the fish-deficit region and suggested policy support measures for ensuring sustainability are discussed.
Ecosystem vulnerability of floodplain wetlands of the Lower Brahmaputra Valley to climatic and anthropogenic factors
Authors: Debnath D. , Bhattacharjya B. K. , Yengkokpam S. , Sarkar U. K. , Paul P. , Das B. K.
Published: January 2022

This study assessed the vulnerability of 16 floodplain wetlands (beels) of the Lower Brahmaputra Valley, Assam, India, in relation to a range of natural and anthropogenic factors including climate change. The total water-spread area of the selected beels varied widely (8–50 ha), with 68.75% of the beels showing a reduction in water-spread area over the past 30 years. High levels of siltation and encroachment and detachment of marginal areas through the construction of roads were the major factors responsible for the reduction in the water-spread area of the beels. The reduction was observed to be in the range of over 33% in three beels (Raghunath Sora, Chulkani, and Dudua beel) to 83% in Bhoishpuri beel. In addition, one beel (Chulkani) experienced reduction in its deep pool area, which is an important wetland area that provides shelter to brood fishes during the dry season. Only 12.5% of the beels studied practiced enclosure (pen) culture for rearing fish. None practiced cage culture. Our study showed that only two beels (Bhoishpuri and Tariachora) were free from exotic fishes; the remaining surveyed beels reported exotic species such as, Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp), Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass Carp), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver Carp), H. nobilis (Bighead Carp) and Piaractus brachypomus (Pacu). The prevalence of exotic fishes in the majority of the beels (due both to escape from nearby aquaculture ponds during floods and intentional stocking in certain beels) would have adversely affected the diversity of indigenous fishes in those wetlands. From discussion with the fishers, 50% of the beels surveyed experienced a reduction in the number of fish species from that recorded 10–20 years ago. In addition to climate change-related factors (e.g. abnormal rains, floods, or drought-like situations), other factors – both natural (e.g. hyper-nutrification) and anthropogenic (e.g. construction of roads, houses, and other structures) – also adversely affected the studied wetlands. To help cope with these factors and increase the adaptive capacity of fishers, four measures aimed at mitigation are suggested. These are: the practice of enclosure aquaculture in beels; the construction of floating macrophyte refuges (katal); deep pool refuges; and stock enhancement programmes with climate-resilient indigenous fishes.
Dynamics of river flows towards sustaining floodplain wetland fisheries under climate change: A case study
Authors: Sahoo A.K. , Das B.K. , Lianthuamluaia L. , Raman R. K. , Meena D.K. , Roshith C. M. , Chowdhury A. R. , Choudhury S. Roy , Sadhukhan D.
Published: January 2022

Wetlands play an important ecological role by providing shelter and habitat for diverse fish species, migratory birds, macrophytes and other aquatic organisms. Hydrological connectivity with the main river channel has a critical role in fish diversity and production in floodplain wetland. The present study showed the seasonal hydrological alteration on fish species distribution in Ansupa wetland, connected with tropical river Mahanadi, India. The river discharge showed a variation from 4549 cusec during lean season (April) to 204716 cusec during monsoon (August). It has been recorded that water flows/discharge above 200000 cusec only, inundate the wetland resulting in exchange of free flows of fish species and nutrients. The study period for the fish species diversity was undertaken during 2017-18. A total of 46 fish species were observed under the orders Cypriniformes (18), Perciformes (12), Siluriformes (7), Synbranchiformes (2), Cyprinodontiformes (1), Clupeiformes (1), Beloniformes (1), Osteoglossiformes (1), Mugiliformes (1), Anguilliformes (1) and Tetraodontiformes (1). According to the conservation status of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, four species Parambassis lala, Ompok bimaculatus, and Anguilla bengalensis are in the category of Near Threatened. Analysis showed that taxonomic distinctness is more during winter than the monsoon and pre-monsoon, indicating monsoon could play a significant role in the fish species recruitment through river connectivity. Climatic data was analysed for a period of 34 years and indicated that an increment of 0.20C in water temperature and average increase of 129mm rainfall at the study site. This slight increase in rainfall over the years could be one of the factors responsible for the fish recruitment in the Ansupa wetland, through river connectivity underlining the importance of flood for wetland fisheries recruitment and sustainability.
Daniel Heller-Roazen, Absentees: On Variously Missing Persons, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2021, 320 pages, hardback, ISBN 9781942130475, £28.00.
Authors: Squire Archie
Published: January 2022

Daniel Heller-Roazen’s recent work, Absentees (2021), gathers literary figurations of the absent(ed) or missing to consider the personhood of ‘nonpersons’ from antiquity to the present. With reference to contemporary analogies of virtuality, this critical review highlights the ghosts – or absences – in Heller-Roazen’s book, and proposes the discipline of art history as its spectral afterimage.
Maya Stanfield-Mazzi, Clothing the New World Church: Liturgical Textiles of Spanish America, 1520–1820, University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana, 2021, 408 pages, hardback, ISBN 9780268108052, $50.00.
Authors: Huse Daen Palma
Published: January 2022

Maya Stanfield-Mazzi’s Clothing the New World Church: Liturgical Textiles of Spanish America, 1520-1820 (2021) is the first broad survey that highlights some essential threads in the social and material history of textile production and usage within the context of the Catholic Church in Spanish America. This review highlights the publication’s contribution in interdisciplinary research in the field.
Museen der Zukunft
Authors: Mohr Henning , Modarressi-Tehrani Diana
Published: January 2022

Peter Gerjets und Stephan Schwan widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage nach der Rolle einer empirisch-psychologischen Evidenzbasierung für die Konzeption und Gestaltung innovativer Vermittlungsangebote in Museen. Anhand eines empirisch fundierten psychologischen Rahmenmodells des Wissenserwerbs in Museen differenzieren sie zunächst für die Vermittlung zentrale kognitive und motivatonale Prozesse aus, die Ansatzpunkte für die Angebotsgestaltung bieten. Am Beispiel der Entwicklung eines innovativen Informationssystems für das Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum in Braunschweig zeigen sie auf, wie dieses Rahmenmodell in Verbindung mit empirisch-psychologischen Methoden konkret genutzt werden kann, um neuartige Vermittlungsangebote möglichst treffsicher auf die Bedürfnisse und Erwartungen von Besuchenden auszurichten.
Zukunftsfähig mit Outreach
Authors: Scharf Ivana
Published: January 2022

Ivana Scharf widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie Museen angesichts der Komplexität und der Veränderungsdynamik Strategien entwickeln, die eine Öffnung und Vernetzung fördern. Outreach gewinnt daher seit einigen Jahren auch in der deutschsprachigen Museumslandschaft zunehmend an Relevanz. Definitionsgemäß hat Outreach zum Ziel, bisher unterrepräsentierte Gesellschaftsgruppen einzubeziehen, was konsequenterweise zu einer Veränderung der bisherigen, exkludierenden Organisationskultur führt. Daran geknüpft ist in einem offenen Innovationsprozess direkte Begegnungen mit bisher unvertrauten Personengruppen zu schaffen. Ob groß oder klein, ob Neugründung oder Haus mit langer Tradition, die Schritte, die es für eine erfolgreiche Outreach-Strategie bedarf, sind ähnlich.
Üble Dinge
Authors: Oberreither Bernhard
Published: January 2022

Das Werk Paulus Hochgatterers zeichnet sich aus durch thematische Brisanz, dichte Rätsel- und Verweisstrukturen sowie feinkörnigen Realismus. Dieser liegt nicht zuletzt in einer Fülle an materiellen Dingen, die als Ausrüstungsgegenstände und Werkzeuge in Erscheinung treten, als Konsumartikel, seltsame Kultobjekte, heimliche Handlungsmotoren - und die dabei einen Begriff mit langer, wechselhafter Diskursgeschichte aufrufen: den Fetischismus. Bernhard Oberreither analysiert im Kontext historischer und gegenwärtiger Fetischdiskurse, wie sich vermeintlich unschuldige Dinge oft als Schlüssel zur Rätselstruktur der Texte Hochgatterers erweisen. Und wie dessen Texte zugleich als hochgradig reflektierter Kommentar zum stets prekären, verdächtigen, mithin »korrupten« (Hartmut Böhme) Verhältnis des Menschen zu seinen Dingen zu lesen sind.
Another Possible is Possible
Authors: Schrading Fiona
Published: January 2022

Fiona Schrading beschreibt in ihrem Beitrag, wie ›Zukunft‹ im Anthropozän als ›gemeinsames Projekt des Menschen‹ inszeniert wird und fragt nach einem anderen Möglichen, das den universalistischen Zeitpfeil durchbrechen könnte. Ein anderes Mögliches ist vielleicht dann möglich, wenn wir das hegemoniale Mögliche der ›one-world world‹ aktiv verlernen und uns auf ein Pluriversum vielfältiger Welten und Ontologien einlassen, die nicht in einer gemeinsamen Welt oder Raumzeit konvergieren. Das Pluriversum hat keine ›gemeinsame Zukunft‹ im Sinne eines Konvergenzpunkts unvereinbarer Welten, sondern es produziert divergierende, wuchernde, verschränkte Welten-im-Werden.
Vorurteile und Stereotype im Vereinssport
Authors: Delto Hannes
Published: January 2022

Sport ohne Grenzen oder Grenzziehungen im Sport? Vorurteile und Stereotype gegenüber Minderheiten oder vermeintlich schwächeren sozialen Gruppen beeinflussen Zusammenhalt und Miteinander in der Mitte der Sportvereinsgesellschaft, wirken auf ihre Bindungskraft und eine sportbezogene Sozialisation. Auf Basis repräsentativer Survey-Daten aus drei Bundesländern entwickelt Hannes Delto für das körperzentrierte Sportsystem erstmals ein empirisches Modell. Das ermöglicht es, vorurteilsbasierte Abwertungen als Gradmesser für die soziale Integrationsfähigkeit von Sportvereinen und für Strategien einer vorurteilsbewussten, diversifizierten Perspektive interdisziplinär zu diskutieren.
19 Introspektive als kritische Form?
Authors: Wagner Ellen
Published: January 2022

Ellen Wagner beschäftigt sich in diesem Beitrag mit vier exemplarischen Textreihen »aus der Quarantäne« aus verschiedenen Online-Magazinen während der »ersten Welle« der Corona-Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020. Angesichts der eingeschränkten Möglichkeiten zu Ausstellungsbesuchen suchte die Kunstkritik nach kompensatorischen Formen zur klassischen Ausstellungsrezension - und fand sie in der Verschränkung tagebuch- und briefartiger Gattungen. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage nach dem Blick der Schreibenden auf ihre Rolle im System der Kunst. Lässt sich tatsächlich eine gesteigerte Bereitschaft zur Selbstreflexion beobachten, wie sie als Merkmal der Tagebuchgattung genannt wird? Oder scheinen vielmehr Produktivitätsparadigmen bestätigt, die die Krise als Verschnaufpause, nicht aber als Zäsur im geschäftigen Betrieb erscheinen lassen?
Regieren durch Vorbeugen
Authors: Zelinka Jozef
Published: January 2022

Im Hinblick auf die globale Krise der Mental-Health ist es unerlässlich, Burnout-Prävention als ein Regierungsproblem und Teil eines Präventionsdispositivs ins Auge zu fassen. Ausgehend von der Gouvernementalitätsperspektive zeigt Jozef Zelinka, wie die Prävention psychischer Störungen zur Sicherung der neoliberalen Leistungsgesellschaft eingesetzt wird: Subjekte werden durch kontinuierlichen Gefährdungsdruck und Risikokalkulation zur Selbstführung gedrängt. Die kritische Dispositivanalyse macht diese diskursiven, alltagspraktischen und vor allem materiellen Manifestationen der Prävention sichtbar.
Fakt und Fiktion in der faschistischen Rhetorik
Authors: Meier Salomé
Published: January 2022

Salomé Meier befasst sich in diesem Beitrag mit der faschistischen Rhetorik. Im Interview mit dem Literaturwissenschaftler Albrecht Koschorke, der sich eingehend mit Adolf Hitlers »Mein Kampf« beschäftigt hat, wird deutlich, wie der »gleitende Übergang von Fakt und Fiktion« ideologisch instrumentalisiert wird.
»Bauen nach Katastrophen«
Authors: Westphal Kristin
Published: January 2022

Die Künste bekommen angesichts der klimatischen Veränderungen und den Katastrophen, sei es von Menschenhand oder durch die Natur bedingt, für Fragen unserer Zukunft, für unser Überleben einen bedeutsamen Akzent, indem sie unser Selbstverständnis des Verhältnisses von Selbst und Welt neu zu ergründen suchen. Es rührt in ethischer Hinsicht an die Verantwortung für die kommenden Generationen. Anlass darüber nachzudenken ist ein Performancemodell von Eva Meyer-Keller und Sibylle Müller, in denen Kinder die Möglichkeit erhalten, beim Nachbauen von Katastrophen mit Alltagsgegenständen ihre Vorstellungen vom zukünftigen Leben auf diesem Planeten zu artikulieren. Nachgegangen wird der Frage: Was hat die Lust nach Zerstörung im spielerischen Vorgehen, wie es einerseits Kindern und andererseits den Künsten zu eigen ist, um etwas Neues zu schaffen, mit dem Thema Katastrophen gemeinsam? Wie kommen diese Momente in einer Performance mit und von Kindern zusammen?
The Discourse Community of Electronic Dance Music
Authors: Jóri Anita
Published: January 2022

Research on electronic dance music communities has been initiated by scholars in the fields of sociology, cultural studies, public health research and others. Linguistic aspects, however, are rarely considered. Anita Jóri fills this gap of research and suggests a new perspective by looking at these communities as a discourse community. She gives an overview of the language use and discourse characteristics of this community while applying a mixed methodology of linguistic discourse analysis and cultural studies. The book is aimed at researchers and students in the fields of applied linguistics, popular music, media, communication and cultural studies.
Cultural Diversity in Motion
Authors: Canyürek Özlem
Published: January 2022

What does migration-generated diversity mean for cultural policy and the performing arts scene in Germany and how is it promoted? Through bridging theory and practice, Özlem Canyürek introduces the concept of ›thinking and acting interculturally‹ and proposes a set of criteria as a stepping stone for a semantic shift in cultural policy towards achieving a fair and accessible performing arts scene for all. She delineates the framework conditions of a receptive cultural policy to envision cultural diversity in motion to enable the production and dissemination of multiplicity of thoughts, experiences, knowledge, worldviews, and aesthetics of an intercultural society.
Ästhetik des Brauchtums
Authors: Landgraf-Freudenreich Verena
Published: January 2022

Das deutsche Brauchtum erweist sich oftmals als resistent gegenüber gestalterischen Entwicklungen, Zeitgeist und Innovationen. Verena Landgraf-Freudenreich blickt mit ihrer empirischen Studie zu den Titelseiten deutscher Schützenfestschriften genauer auf die alltagsästhetischen Strukturen und macht gestalterische Routinen des Schützenwesens sichtbar. Mit Rückgriff auf Luhmanns Theorie der Autopoiesis werden die Gestaltungsmerkmale analysiert und der Einfluss der Alltagsästhetik auf das Geschmacksurteil sozialer Gruppen erklärt.
Rhetorik und Wissenspoetik
Authors: Lachmann Renate
Published: January 2022

Einige literaturwissenschaftliche Begriffe und Konzepte haben ihre Kontur erst allmählich im Laufe von Austauschbewegungen zwischen Ost und West gewonnen. Renate Lachmann kommentiert die Terminologien und analysiert literarische Texte sowie eine Auswahl an Modi der Wissensdarstellung (Kircher, Comenius). Sie greift dabei nicht nur auf neorhetorische Begriffe (Verfremdung, Intertextualität), sondern auch auf Begriffe der klassischen Rhetorik (Memoria, Evidentia, Affekt) zurück. Damit gelingt ihr die Beschreibung von Übersetzungs- und Aneignungsverfahren (der russische Heine, Nabokovs Puskin), der ›verborgenen‹ Aspekte der Texte Gogols und der affektgesteuerten Texte Dostojewskis.
Acompañamiento socioeducativo durante itinerarios formativos con juventud migrante en el sistema de protección
Authors: Fernández-Simo Deibe , Cid-Fernández Xosé Manuel , Carrera-Fernández María Victoria
Published: January 2022

El sistema de protección a la infancia acompaña a la adolescencia extranjera en situación de vulnerabilidad. La ausencia de apoyos sociales primarios hace imprescindible que adquieran un nivel alto de autonomía, fundamental para asumir en buenas condiciones un proceso de transición a la vida adulta de duración más breve que el de la juventud nacional coetánea. La cualificación formativa determinará las condiciones de acceso al empleo y la temporalidad de la vida laboral, ambos aspectos necesarios para la superación de la situación de exclusión social. La presente investigación analiza los condicionantes de los itinerarios formativos de la juventud migrante tutelada así como las estrategias más eficaces en la facilitación de las metas educativas. Para ello se lleva a cabo un estudio longitudinal y cualitativo que consta de dos fases. En la primera fase, desarrollada entre 2011 y 2018, se realizan siete seguimientos longitudinales que se materializan en 35 entrevistas. En la segunda fase, desarrollada en 2018, se llevan a cabo 21 entrevistas autobiográficas que dan lugar a 7 relatos de vida. Asimismo, estos relatos se complementan con la implementación de dos grupos de discusión en los que participan 9 profesionales del sistema de protección. La experiencia laboral media en acompañamiento socioeducativo con este colectivo es de 92.15 meses.  Los resultados ponen de relieve que:  I) La juventud migrante en el sistema de protección se ve empujada a priorizar el acceso inmediato al empleo, primando los ingresos económicos sobre la realización de itinerarios formativos a medio y largo plazo. II) El peso del acompañamiento socioeducativo recae en los recursos específicos de protección, identificándose una actitud pasiva del sistema educativo formal, lo que coloca a estos jóvenes en una situación de vulnerabilidad pedagógica y social.
QUADRATIC POLYNOMIAL OF POWER SUMS AND ALTERNATING POWER SUMS
Authors: Casinillo Leomarich F
Published: January 2022

This study aims to construct quadratic polynomials in n for power sums and alternating power sums of consecutive positive integers. In addition, this paper evaluated the said quadratic polynomials under odd and even terms of the series.
BEBERAPA SIFAT (R,S)-SUBMODUL PRIMA-α GABUNGAN
Authors: Yuwaningsih Dian Ariesta , Rusmining Rusmining , Prasetyo Puguh Wahyu
Published: January 2022

Diberikan  dan  merupakan ring komutatif. Keprimaan pada suatu ring telah mengalami perkembangan ke dalam struktur modul. Namun, definisi keprimaan yang ada selama ini hanya berfokus pada operasi pergandaan skalar di dalam modul. Submodul prima-α  merupakan salah satu perumuman dari submodul prima yang melibatkan operasi aditif dan pergandaan skalar di dalam modul. Pada artikel ini disajikan generalisasi dari submodul prima-α  ke dalam struktur (R,S)-modul, yang selanjutnya disebut (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan. Selanjutnya, disajikan beberapa sifat dari (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan. Beberapa sifat tersebut diantaranya adalah syarat perlu dan syarat cukup suatu (R,S)-submodul membentuk (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan; sifat (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan yang berkaitan dengan homomorfisma (R,S)-modul; serta syarat perlu dan syarat cukup suatu (R,S)-submodul faktor membentuk (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan. Beberapa sifat (R,S)-submodul prima-α  gabungan tersebut diperoleh dari pengembangan sifat keprimaan dalam struktur modul.
L’expérience au Yukon avec la COVID-19 : restrictions de voyage, variants et propagation entre les non vaccinés
Authors: McPhee-Knowles Sara , Hoffman Bryn , Lisa Kanary Lisa
Published: January 2022

L’expérience du Yukon concernant la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a été intéressante; le territoire a mis en place avec succès des restrictions de voyage pour limiter l’importation du virus et a déployé les vaccins rapidement par rapport à la plupart des administrations canadiennes. Cependant, la première vague de COVID-19 du Yukon en juin et juillet 2021 a fait déborder le système de santé en raison de la transmission généralisée parmi les enfants non-vaccinés, les jeunes et les adultes, malgré une forte participation à la vaccination et le port du masque obligatoire. Cette expérience met en lumière l’importance du soutien continu aux programmes de vaccination publique, de l’adoption généralisée de vaccins dans les populations pédiatriques, et l’assouplissement judicieux des interventions non pharmaceutiques dans toutes les administrations canadiennes à mesure qu’elles rouvrent alors que des variants plus contagieux apparaissent
Delays during PBMC isolation have a moderate effect on yield, but severly compromise cell viability
Authors: Golke Tanja , Mucher Patrick , Schmidt Patricia , Radakovics Astrid , Repl Manuela , Hofer Philipp , Perkmann Thomas , Fondi Martina , Schmetterer Klaus G. , Haslacher Helmuth
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are a versatile material for clinical routine as well as for research projects. However, their isolation via density gradient centrifugation is still time-consuming. When samples are taken beyond usual laboratory handling times, it may sometimes be necessary to pause the isolation process. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of delays up to 48 h after the density gradient centrifugation on PBMC yield, purity and viability.

Methods

PBMCs were isolated from samples of 20 donors, either with BD Vacutainer CPT tubes (CPT) or with the standard Ficoll method. Isolation was paused after initial density gradient centrifugation for 0, 24, or 48 h. PBMC yield (% output/input), purity (% PBMCs/total cells) and viability (% Annexin V-/propidium iodide-) were compared.

Results

The yield did not change significantly over time when CPT were used (55%/52%/47%), but did after isolation with the standard method (62%/40%[p<0.0001]/53%[p<0.01]). Purity was marginally affected if CPT were used (95%/93%[p=n.s./92%[p<0.05] vs. 97% for all time points with standard method). Whereas viable PBMCs decreased steadily for CPT isolates (62%/51%[p<0.001]/36%[p<0.0001]), after standard Ficoll gradient isolation, cell apoptosis was more pronounced already after 24 h delay, and viability did not further decrease after 48 h (64%/44%[p<0.0001]/40%[p<0.0001]).

Conclusions

In conclusion, our findings suggest that while post-centrifugation delays ≥24 h might have only a minor effect on cell yield and purity, their impact on cell viability is substantial, even when CPT are used.
A Study on Some Properties of Dynamic Survival Extropy and Its Relation to Economic Measures
Authors: Nair R. Dhanya , Sathar E. I. Abdul
Published: January 2022

The main focus of this article is on the study of properties and characterizations of dynamic survival extropy and its scaled version.
Its relation with other well-known measures is also discussed.
A simple nonparametric estimator and a nonparametric estimator based on the kernel are proposed for survival extropy and scaled dynamic survival extropy respectively.
These estimators could also be utilized to estimate the measures related to dynamic survival extropy, such as the Gini index.
In addition, the performance of the suggested estimators is evaluated for the simulated data set.
An analysis of publication trends of orthopedic surgery residency graduates in relation to academic achievement
Authors: Carr Marvin , Anderson J. Michael , Shepard Samuel , Hobbs James , Walters Corbin , Johnson Austin L. , Vassar Matt
Published: January 2022

Context

Traditionally, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires residency programs to implement research and other scholarly activities into their training curriculum. Encouraging residents to publish during residency is believed to promote research throughout their careers; however, no study has attempted to quantify research productivity among orthopedic surgery residents before, during, and after residency.

Objectives

To determine whether publishing in peer-reviewed journals during orthopedic residencies was an indicator of continued academic achievement after graduation.

Methods

This study was observational in nature and employed a cross-sectional design. We examined whether research outcomes during orthopedic residency was associated with academic advancement or continued research involvement after residency. We identified 201 orthopedic residency programs on the Doximity website and randomly selected 50 to include in our sample. Of these programs, graduate rosters for 31 programs were located and subsequently included. Of the 341 graduates identified, we recorded the number of peer-reviewed publications, H-indices, fellowships, and whether the graduate pursued a career in private practice or academia.

Results

Orthopedic residency graduates from 31 programs published a total of 1923 peer-reviewed manuscripts. On average, residents had a total of 5.6 publications and an h-index of 3.2. Residents entering academia and pursuing fellowships had a significantly higher total number of publications, higher number of first-author publications, and greater H-indices compared to those who did not enter academia or pursue a fellowship.

Conclusions

Increased research productivity was associated with continued academic pursuits and an increased likelihood of pursuing fellowship training after residency.
“Nature needs you”: discursive constructions of legitimacy and identification in environmental charity appeals
Authors: Molek-Kozakowska Katarzyna , Szymańska-Czaplak Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

This study traces how discursive constructions of legitimacy and identification are enacted textually and visually with respect to environment-oriented causes, such as landscape or species restoration. Such conservation projects actually clash with human economic priorities typical of the Anthropocene. Drawing on models of social trust and assuming the discursive nature of legitimacy and identification, we explore how environmental charity organizations represent their conservation efforts, reproduce sustainability discourses and advocate self-regulatory practices. We use a sample of mission statements and donation appeals by six prominent environmental charities from the UK. Through keyness and concordance analysis, we identify textual strategies that position the prospective donor as a “beneficiary” of environment-oriented actions. We also analyze rhetorical strategies and visual resources that align the aims of the organization with the social imaginaries and emotional dispositions of prospective donors.
Study of the effects of vanadium and molybdenum on the microstructure of ductile iron (DI) and austempered ductile iron (ADI) and their corrosion resistance
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Victor Hugo , Cruz Ramírez Alejandro , Olvera Vázquez Seydy Lizbeth , Colin García Eduardo , Sánchez Alvarado Ricardo Gerardo , Delgado Pamanes Miguel Fernando , Rivera Salinas Jorge Enrique
Published: January 2022

Ductile iron (DI) can acquire various properties with the addition of alloying elements and through heat treatment. In this work, the effects of vanadium and molybdenum on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of DI and austempered ductile iron (ADI) were studied. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization techniques in 0.5 M H2SO4, 0.5 M NaCl, and 05 M NaOH as electrolyte. The ADI alloyed with vanadium presented anupper ausferritic microstructure consisting of broad ferrite needles, while the combination of vanadium and molybdenum allows obtaining a fine microstructure composed of ausferrite and thin needles of ferrite; this microstructure improves the corrosion resistance in NaCI and NaOH. The DI’s showed corrosion due to the galvanic pair between the graphite nodule and the ferrite; however, a high amount of carbide increases the corrosion resistance in H2SO4.
Examination of Cognitive Function, Neurotrophin Concentrations, and both Brain and Systemic Inflammatory Markers Following a Simulated Game of American Football
Authors: Hoffman Jay R. , Ostfeld Ishay , Zamir Amit , Amedi Roee , Fonville Tate R. , Horstemeyer Mark F. , Gepner Yftach
Published: January 2022

Hoffman, JR, Ostfeld, I, Zamir, A, Amedi, R, Fonville, TR, Horstemeyer, MF, and Gepner, Y. Examination of cognitive function, neurotrophin concentrations, and both brain and systemic inflammatory markers following a simulated game of American football. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 686–694, 2022—This investigation examined the effect of a simulated American football game on cognitive function, neurotrophin concentrations, and markers of both systemic and brain inflammation. Members of the Israel national team (6 linemen and 9 skill position players) were examined 1 week before (PRE), immediately post (IP) and 24-hour post (24P) game. Blood was obtained, and cognitive function was measured at each assessment. No head injuries to any of the players participating in the study occurred. Significant (p < 0.001) decreases in acute memory, and a trend (p = 0.066) toward a decrease in delayed memory was noted at IP. Significant negative correlations were observed between playing time (number of plays) and concentration changes from PRE to IP (r = −0.801; p = 0.001) and from PRE to 24P (r = −0.549; p = 0.034). All cognitive function measures returned to PRE levels by 24P. Increases from PRE were noted in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.041) at IP and in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p = 0.009) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.019) concentrations at 24P. Circulating CRP concentrations and the cytokine markers, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, were significantly elevated in linemen compared with skill players. Brain inflammatory markers (S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and total tau protein (a marker of brain injury) were not elevated from PRE. No change from PRE was noted in either myoglobin or creatine kinase-MM concentrations. In conclusion, muscle damage and inflammatory marker responses observed from the scrimmage game were consistent with muscle desensitization associated with football participation. In addition, the systemic inflammatory marker results observed in linemen were suggestive of chronic low-grade inflammation.
GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ
Authors: SELVİ Murat Selim , CAVLAK Neslihan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışların olası nedenleri ve Covid-19’un gıda fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İkincil kaynaklar üzerinde doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler sadeleştirilmiş ve bazen özet tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışmada özellikle 2021 yaz aylarında gıda fiyatlarında düzenli bir artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışın nedenleri arasında küresel iklim değişikliği, girdi maliyetlerinin artması, nakliye masrafları, aracı komisyon ve kar marjları, işçilik ve ambalajlama, vergi vb giderlerin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Enflasyon ve döviz kurunun yükselmesi yanında Covid-19’u istismar eden satıcıların etik dışı davranışlarının da aşırı fiyat artışlarına neden olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarında görülen fiyat artışlarının hangi aşamada arttığının doğru tespiti ve kalıcı çözümü için bölgesel temelli akademik çalışmaların periyodik aralıklarla yürütülmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Gıdada aşırı fiyat artışları ile mücadelede enflasyon oranı ve döviz kurunun kontrol altına alınmasının, üreticilerin yeterince desteklenmesinin yanında denetimlerin sürekli ve zamanında yapılmasının önemine işaret edilmiştir.
A medical student’s guide to flexible nasal pharyngoscopy
Authors: Lee Changseok , Purcell Chad , Afif Ayham Al , Bolous Yousef , Vidovic Dan , Brown Tim , Taylor Mark
Published: January 2022

Flexible nasopharyngoscopy (FNP) is a specialized skill commonly used by otolaryngologists as an important component of the head and neck examination. FNP can be diagnostic and therapeutic for many head and neck pathologies. Mastering this skill facilitates the effective performance of other specialized skills and procedures such as fibreoptic nasal intubations and flexible bronchoscopies. During otolaryngology rotations and electives, medical students are exposed to a high volume of FNP. Often, they are also asked to perform this procedure in clinic and on-call. There is currently no widely available simulation tool for medical students to practice using FNP, and medical students at our institution do not receive any formal training prior to performing FNP. The following is an introductory guide for medical students to become proficient at performing FNP while on their otolaryngology rotation.
Association of thyroid function with insulin resistance: data from two population-based studies
Authors: Spira Dominik , Buchmann Nikolaus , Dörr Marcus , Markus Marcello R P , Nauck Matthias , Schipf Sabine , Spranger Joachim , Demuth Ilja , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Völzke Henry , Ittermann Till
Published: January 2022

Objective

Thyroid dysfunction is associated with relevant disturbances in glucose metabolism. Moreover, thyroid function undergoes important changes with ageing. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of thyroid function with insulin resistance with particular consideration of possible age-related effect modifications.

Design

A sample of 4193 participants from two independent epidemiological studies, the Study of Health in Pomerania-TREND-0 and the Berlin Aging Study II, was included in this cross-sectional analysis.

Methods

Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Associations of thyroid biomarkers (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine (fT3)) with parameters of glucose metabolism were analysed by regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and study site.

Results

A higher fT3 was significantly associated with higher fasting glucose and higher fasting and 2-h postload insulin levels, a higher HOMA-IR, and lower ISI. A higher fT3 was also associated with a higher risk for impaired fasting glucose (RR 1.09, 95 CI 1.02; 1.18; P  = 0.017). Many of these associations between thyroid markers and parameters of glucose metabolism were significant in young and middle-aged participants but not in older individuals.

Conclusions

The main finding of this study was a consistent association of fT3 with almost all markers of insulin resistance. However, this effect seems to be wearing off in higher age highlighting a potential age-related modification of the interaction between thyroid function and glucose metabolism. Further studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.
Growth, structural, optical and mechanical studies on Amino acids doped Nonlinear optical sodium acid phthalate single crystals
Authors: Marudhu G. , Baraniraj T. , Krishnan S. , Vijayaragavan G.V. , Kannan Karthik , Palani Geetha , Chithambaram V.
Published: January 2022

The slow evaporation technique was used to successfully grown amino acid doped sodium acid phthalate (NaAP) crystals at room temperature. A great deal of research has been done on the effects of amino acids on NaAP growth and characteristics. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystal structure and lattice parameters of the grown crystals. Functional groups were found in the title crystals, which revealed themselves utilizing FTIR spectra. The optical transparency of the doped crystals was noticed by measurements of optical absorption. In order to assess the mechanical strength of the produced crystals, Vickers microhardness tests were employed. The technique of Kurtz powder was utilized to calculate the second harmonic generation (SHG) performance of the cultivated crystals.
Humanidades, cultura y universidad en la escena histórica global
Authors: Rojo Grinor
Published: January 2022

Este ensayo intenta definir qué son las humanidades y cuál es su estatuto en el doble ámbito de la cultura y la universidad contemporáneas. Trata así de determinar la relación que las humanidades tienen con la población en general y con la universidad en particular, sobre todo en los países periféricos, como los latinoamericanos, lo mismo que las consecuencias y respuestas posibles a su actual pérdida de prestigio y dignidad.
The Strategy of the Gantar Village Government in the Management of Village Funds
Authors: Cahyadi Ahmad , Rahim Abdur
Published: January 2022

Village Funds have an important role in improving the economy of rural communities. Thus the utilization and allocation are effective and efficient. The purpose of the study was to determine the management of village funds according to Law Number 6 of 2014 Fiqh Siyasah (Study in Gantar Village, Gantar District, Indramayu Regency). This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in observational research, interviews and documentation. The results of the research on the management of Gantar village funds, Gantar sub-district, Indramayu district, have been good, it can be seen from the progress of the village which is increasing rapidly. Financial management consists of: 1) Planning 2) Implementation 3) Administration 4) Reporting 5) Village financial accountability The village head as the party authorized to approve an expenditure plan.
The Critical Role of Official Qualifications in Maintaining Position Integrity from a Variety of Perspectives
Authors: Asmadun Asmadun , Taufiqurachman Taufiqurachman
Published: January 2022

The position of village officials is currently being targeted by many people with various educational backgrounds. Not only high school graduates or equivalent. Not even a few scholars are competing to get a strategic position in the village government apparatus. This study uses a qualitative approach. The results of the study state that village government positions are very important in the course of a country. This is because the village government is a component or a small part of the running of the government. The integrity and qualifications of village level officials from a legal point of view need to be continuously improved, due to the condition of uneven educational standards in village management.
Criterion of the best non-symmetric approximant for multivariable functions in space $L_{1, p_2,...,p_n}$
Authors: Tkachenko M.Ye. , Traktynska V.M.
Published: January 2022

The criterion of the best non-symmetric approximant for $n$-variable functions in the space $L_{1, p_2,...,p_n}$ $(1<p_i<+\infty , i=2,3,...,n)$ with $(\alpha ,\beta )$-norm$$\|f\|_{1,p_2,...,p_n;\alpha,\beta}=\left[\int\limits_{a_n}^{b_n}\cdots\left[\int\limits_{a_2}^{b_2}\left[\int\limits_{a_1}^{b_1} |f(x)|_{\alpha,\beta} dx_1\right]^{p_2} dx_2\right]^{\frac{p_3}{p_2}}\cdots dx_n\right]^{\frac{1}{p_n}},$$where $0<\alpha,\beta<\infty$, $\ f_{+}(x)=\max\{f(x),0\},\ f_{-}(x)=\max\{-f(x),0\},$ $\mathrm{sgn}_{\alpha,\beta}f(x)=\alpha\cdot\mathrm{sgn}f_{+}(x)-\beta\cdot\mathrm{sgn}f_{-}(x),$ $|f|_{\alpha,\beta}=\alpha \cdot f_{+}+\beta \cdot f_{-} =f(x)\cdot \mathrm{sgn}_{\alpha,\beta}f(x)$, is obtained in the article.It is proved that if $P_m=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{m}c_k\varphi_k$, where  $\{\varphi_k\}_{k=1}^m$ is a linearly independent system functions of $L_{1,p_2,...,p_n}$, $c_k$ are real numbers, then the polynomial $P_m^{\ast}$ is the best $(\alpha ,\beta )$-approximant for $f$ in the space $L_{1,p_2,...,p_n}$ $(1<p_i<\infty $, $i=2,3,...,n)$, if and only if, for any polynomial $P_m$$$\int \limits_K P_m\cdot F_0^{\ast}dx \leq \int \limits_{a_n}^{b_n}...\int \limits_{a_2}^{b_2}\int \limits_{e_{x_2,...,x_n}}|P_m|_{\beta , \alpha}dx_1 \cdot \operatorname *{ess \,sup}_ {x_1 \in [a_1,b_1]} |F_0^{\ast}|_{\frac{1}{\alpha },\frac{1}{\beta }} dx_2...dx_n,$$where $K=[a_1,b_1]\times \ldots\times [a_n,b_n],$ $e_{x_2,...,x_n}=\{ x_1\in [a_1,b_1] : f-P_m^{\ast}=0\},$$$F_0^{\ast}=\frac{|R_m^{\ast}|_{1; \alpha ,\beta }^{p_2-1}|R_m^{\ast}|_{1,p_2; \alpha ,\beta }^{p_3-p_2}\cdot ... \cdot |R_m^{\ast}|_{1,p_2,...,p_{n-1}; \alpha ,\beta }^{p_n-p_{n-1}}\mathrm{sgn}_{\alpha ,\beta} R_m^{\ast}}{||R_m^{\ast}||_{1,p_2,...,p_n; \alpha ,\beta}^{p_n-1}},$$|f|_{p_k,\ldots,p_i;\alpha,\beta}=\left[\int\limits_{a_i}^{b_i}\ldots\left[ \int\limits_{a_{k+1}}^{b_{k+1}}\left[\int\limits_{a_k}^{b_k}|f|_{\alpha,\beta}^{p_k}dx_k\right]^{\frac{p_{k+1}}{p_k}}dx_{k+1} \right]^{\frac{p_{k+2}}{p_{k+1}}}\ldots dx_i \right]^{\frac{1}{p_i}},$$($1\leq k<i\leq n$), $R_m^{\ast}=f-P_m^{\ast}$.This criterion is a generalization of the known Smirnov's criterion for functions of two variables, when $\alpha =\beta =1$.
Alliance of intellectual and social history in historical research
Authors: Zhurba Oleh , Lytvynova Tetiana
Published: January 2022

The aim of the article is to research one of the segments of modern historiographical situation. The use of methods of historiographical analysis allows to identify the state of development of the issue and to offer methodological recommendations for determining the prospects of historiographical synthesis. It is determined that the traditions of studying social and intellectual history in Ukrainian historiography began to develop in the second half of the 19th century. However, the evolution of these areas in the world humanities had a very superficial impact on it. Historiographic inertia still rather rigidly outlines the disciplinary fields. Thus, the key research object for intellectual history is still the history of political thought, for social history – the history of large social groups. Historians are still interested in socio-political currents, social and economic processes and phenomenon in frames established by Soviet and nationally-oriented historiography. Personological and ideological canons, formed in the early 20th century, with minor changes survived up to the 21st century as a set of ideas and figures responsible predominantly for the Ukrainian national revival. Insufficient basis on empirical material and superficial fascination with theoretical constructions did not allow reaching a more adequate level of understanding of past reality. Some attempts to overcome the disciplinary distinction and research inertia did not cause fundamental changes. The scientific novelty is connected with comprehension of practical experience and observations of the historiographical process, which led to the belief that the time of hermetic approaches has passed. Despite some doubts about potential of interdisciplinarity, that have emerged recently, we think that the unity of social and intellectual history may demonstrate a new quality in comprehension of the native past. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the interaction of these areas under the label of еру social history of ideas dictates the expansion of sources, personalities and methodological approaches, which allows neutralizing the beliefs that precede research and analytical categories to be born from empirical data. It turned out that the synthesis of mental and social-economic can be quite productive. It can essentially change the notions on both socio-economic peculiarities and intellectual situation in Ukrainian regions of the Russian empire. Type of article: theoretical and methodological.