bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN TEH HERBAL DAUN MURBEI (Morus Alba)
Authors: Rhahmah Annisa
Published: September 2019

Teh herbal adalah sebutan untuk ramuan bunga, daun, biji, akar, atau buah kering yang biasanya digunakan sebagai minuman yang berkhasiat obat dan tidak mengandung kafein. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang daunnya dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan teh herbal adalah murbei. Hal ini tentunya dapat menjadi sebuah peluang dalam pembuatan sebuah produk yang dapat menunjang kesehatan. Rancangan produk teh herbal ini menggunakan 3 tahap yaitu optimasi cara pengeringan, optimasi lama pengeringan dan optimasi penambahan rasa dengan menggunakan parameter uji kadar air, uji fitokimia (alkaloid dan flavonoid), uji vitamin C, uji kafein, dan uji organoleptik. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji F (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT(Duncan Multiple Range Test). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa cara pengeringan terbaik menggunakan oven 70oC dengan lama pengeringan terbaik 30 menit dan untuk rasa terbaik dengan perbandingan 1:1 antara teh herbal daun murbei dengan jahe.
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH SAWO MENTAH (Acrhras zapota ) DENGAN BERBAGAI PELARUT PADA Salmonella typhii
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Adlhani Erfanur , Sandri Dwi
Published: September 2019

Buah sawo (Achras zapota) mentah dipercaya masyarakat pedesaan untuk mengobati penyakit tifus. Penggunaannya sederhana dan bahannya pun mudah diperoleh sehingga relatif terjangkau dikalangan masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuktikan bahwa buah sawo mentah memiliki zat aktif yang dapat menghambat mikroorganisme penyebab tifus. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak sawo mentah pada pelarut yang berbeda kepolarannya yaitu ekstrak perasan, metanol, aseton, dan n-heksan. Perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak sawo mentah diujikan untuk penghambatan aktivitas mikroorganisme bakteri Salmonella typhii dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%, 30%, dan 50% disertai control positif dan negatif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak sawo mentah dengan pelarut methanol dan aseton konsentrasi 50% memberikan aktivitas antibakteri zona hambat yang masih kecil yang menunjukkan respon yang kurang efektif
OPTIMASI MANISAN BUAH PEPAYA KERING
Authors: Wati Herlina , Jaya Jaka Darma , Lestari Ema
Published: September 2019

Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman buah-buahan yang daerah penyebarannya berada di daerah tropis. Manisan buah adalah buah-buahan yang direndam dalam larutan gula selama beberapa waktu. Manisan kering yang setelah air gula pekat yang dikeringkan dibawah sinar matahari atau menggunakan oven pengering. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi terbaik dari pembuatan produk manisan buah papaya. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa manisan buah papaya kering dengan perlakuan terbaik adalah H16 perendaman 30 menit, gula 30% dan perebusan 10 menit. Analisis yang dilakukan pada produk manisan buah pepaya kering yaitu uji organoleptik dan uji umur simpan produk. Hasil uji organoleptik diolah menggunakan uji ANOVA. Produk manisan buah pepaya kering dapat bertahan selama 15 hari di dalam freezer.
The composite extensor retinaculum cutaneous flap: an anatomical cadaveric study
Authors: Sreedharan Sadhishaan , Ross Richard J , Froelich Jens J , Cuellar William A , Karanth Siddharth
Published: September 2019

Background: Complex digital extensor tendon injuries are difficult to manage when adhesion formation and stiffness prevail. Vascularised tissue to reconstruct the skin and extensor defect would be the ideal reconstruction in both the acute and delayed settings. This anatomical study evaluates vascular supply to a suitable composite flap comprising skin, subcutaneous tissue and extensor retinaculum.Methods: An anatomical study of 18 cadaveric upper limbs was conducted to investigate the technical feasibility of a composite flap prior to its clinical application. The anterior (n = 9) or posterior (n = 9) interosseous artery was exposed and selectively injected with a coloured dye. Specimens were then dissected to raise the proposed composite flap of extensor retinaculum and the overlying integument. Specimens were subsequently assessed by digital subtraction angiography to evaluate the corresponding microvascular supply to the composite flap. Results: The anterior and posterior interosseous arteries supplied the extensor retinaculum through a dense network of vessels with choke anastomoses. The skin overlying the extensor retinaculum was predictably supplied by either artery through the perforator vessels between the fourth and fifth extensor tendon compartments.Conclusion: A composite unit of skin and extensor retinaculum can be harvested on either the anterior or posterior interosseous arteries. It can be employed for simultaneous vascularised tendon and skin reconstruction.
Criterion-Referenced Value-Added Scores
Authors: White Mark , Bardelli Emanuele
Published: September 2019

Value-added (VA) scores signal teacher quality and are designed to be used, with other data, to make employment decisions. However, this usefulness is hampered by: 1) their normative nature, which promotes competition among teachers, 2) their difficulty to interpret and incorporate with other data, which makes using VA scores as one data source among many difficult, and 3) a lack of trust in scores. We show how to create (model-based) non-normative and more interpretable VA scores, which winds up being a simple rescaling of traditional VA scores. Our approach more closely links VA scores to data-based decision making efforts and enables the creation of clear and objective criterion of effectiveness for teachers.
СССРиСШАвпоискахответана«танковыйвызов»германии,19391945гг.
Authors: Alexei A.K.
Published: September 2019

Based on the analysis of the medium tanks development in the U.S.S.R., the U.S. and Germany in 1939 1945, the author makes an attempts to deduce the mental aspects of military technological rivalry. The development of the tanks is seen in the challengeanswer context, with purely national traits of these new models studied in terms of a comparative analysis of the machines characteristics, as well as their dynamics during the war. With all that in mind, the tank is perceived as the materialized plan of its authors, whose core characteristics (the size, firepower, defense, speed, ease of exploitation) were formed in accordance with the basic values of a specific national culture. The article clearly backs the idea that the military constructing schools of the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. formed their respective answers to Germanys tank challenge in accordance with the patterns and models that had more similarities than differences. The main aspect of both models was the desire to boost the mass production, while keeping the modernization at a minimum. Contrary to this, the German model relied on winning superiority based on the production of completely new tanks, which reflected the latest technological developments. At the same time, the American and German models had a common consideration for the ease in exploitation, something that was not seen as a priority in the Soviet model.

На основе анализа развития средних танков в СССР, США и Германии в 19391945 гг. предпринимаются попытки вывести ментальные аспекты военнотехнического соперничества. Развитие танков рассматривается в контексте challengeanswer, причем чисто национальные черты этих новых моделей изучаются с точки зрения сравнительного анализа характеристик машин, а также их динамики в ходе войны. При всем этом танк воспринимается как материализованный замысел его авторов, основные характеристики которого (габариты, огневая мощь, обороноспособность, скорость, простота эксплуатации) были сформированы в соответствии с основными ценностями конкретной национальной культуры. В статье четко обосновывается мысль о том, что военностроительные школы СССР и США формировали свои соответствующие ответы на танковый вызов Германии в соответствии с образцами и моделями, которые имели больше сходства, чем различий. Главным аспектом обеих моделей было стремление форсировать массовое производство, сохраняя при этом модернизацию на минимальном уровне. Вопреки этому, немецкая модель опиралась на завоевательное превосходство, основанное на производстве совершенно новых танков, в которых нашли отражение новейшие технологические разработки. В то же время американская и немецкая модели имели общее соображение о легкости в эксплуатации, что не рассматривалось в качестве приоритета в советской модели.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO HEALTH OF THE WORKING-AGE POPULATION DUE TO NUTRITION
Authors: Gorbachev D.O.
Published: September 2019

A complex assessment of nutrition-related health risks of the working-age population of the Samara region with application of the questionnaire method is carried out. Actual nutrition was studied by a method of 24-hour reproduction of a diet with use of the program complex «Nutri-prof» (version 2.4). We conducted anthropometric studies, evaluated component analysis of body composition, studied biochemical parameters of nutritional status. According to the results of the work it is shown that the diets of the surveyed persons are excessive in calories (due to the content of fats, added sugar), in the content of table salt, contain insufficient amounts of a number of vitamins and minerals, diets are deficient in the content of fruits, vegetables, milk and dairy products, fish, excessive in the content of animal fats, confectionery. In the group of patients examined, the dietary regimen and nature were violated, a correlation was established between the actual intake of nutrients and the level of physical development, bioimpedance measurement, biochemical parameters of nutritional status, and the relationship between nutritional status and health was established. The obtained results formed the basis for the development of a program of individual prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases, as well as one in organized labor collectives.
FUNCTIONAL BREAD PROPERTY USING POLYCOMPOSITE MIXTURES AND ITS IMPACT ON LIFE QUALITY AND BIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Berezina N.A. , Sysoeva L.A. , Masalov V.N. , Krestova S.N.
Published: September 2019

Development of bakery product variety for healthy eating is one of the actual tasks facing the modern food industry and science. A polycomposite mixture for rye-wheat bakery products was created using the software, which takes into account the basic principles of food combinatorics, as well as the technological potential of prescription components. A set of methods was used to determine the chemical composition of bread and its functional qualities. The study of health effects of bread on body’s status was carried out on a group of female volunteers. Assessment of life quality was conducted a questionnaire-survey method using the SF-36 questionnaire «Test for evaluation of life quality». The results of the study showed that according to the chemical composition, the rate of satisfaction with daily requirements for basic nutrients a new bakery product corresponds to the category of functional food products on the content of calcium phosphorus, magnesium and dietary fiber. Introducing to the developed type of bread into the diet improves the quality of life due to a significant increase in mental health indicators and the level of physical functioning, which affects the psycho-emotional state and motor activity of volunteers.
Analisis Komparasi Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk dan PT. Panin Bank Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Pongoh Greyti S. Y. , Areros William A. , Mangindaan Joanne V.
Published: September 2019

In measuring the soundness of the bank, Bank Indonesia uses the financial ratio of the CAMELS model (Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 6/10 / PBI / 2004) concerning the Commercial Bank Soundness Rating System. The purpose of this research is to find out the significant differences in financial performance between PT. BNI, Tbk with PaninBank and the dominant variable as a differentiator of significant financial performance between PT. BNI, Tbk with PaninBank. The data analysis method used in this study is two different tests independent sample. The results showed that of the 5 variables, there were only two variables that were not statistically different, namely Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) (X1) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) (X5) while the different variables were Return On Risked Asset (RORA) ( X2), Net Profit Margin (NPM) (X3) and Return On Assets (ROA) (X4)
Panhipopituitarismo secundario a metástasis del sistema nervioso central por un adenocarcinoma broncogénico
Authors: Osorno Jovani , Cáceres Acosta Manuel Felipe , Cáceres González Juan David , Calle Jaime Andrés , Roldán Pérez Miguel Ignacio , Sandoval Mesa Juan Paulo
Published: September 2019

Mujer de 45 años de edad con antecedente de extabaquismo pesado, cursó con cuadro crónico de cefalea en región occipital irradiado a región temporal asociado a disminución de la agudeza visual de ojo izquierdo. El cuadro empeoró en los últimos seis meses y se asoció a polidipsia y poliuria. Presentó cuadro sincopal con amnesia retrógrada, para lo cual se realizó una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) contrastada de cráneo que mostró múltiples lesiones parenquimatosas cerebrales y del cerebelo compatibles con metástasis. Se hizo estudio hormonal para evaluar la función hipofisiaria evidenciando un panhipopituitarismo secundario. Se detectó foco primario neoplásico mediante TAC contrastada de tórax, evidenciando una lesión espiculada en el lóbulo superior derecho sugestiva de carcinoma broncogénico, posteriormente se tomó biopsia por fibrobroncoscopia el cual confirmó por histopatología e inmunohistoquímica el diagnóstico de un adenocarcinoma broncogénico
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF EPIDEMIC SEASONS OF INFLUENZA 2015 - 2016 AND 2009 - 2010
Authors: Ykovleva T. V. , Briko N. I. , Gerasimov A. N. , Saltykova T. S. , Pozdnyakov A. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Analyze epidemiologic and clinical features of influenza epidemic seasons 2009 - 2010 and 2015 - 2016. Materials and methods. Forms of federal state statistic observation No. 1, 2, 5, and 6; information from the official web-site of the Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation; materials of various conferences and congresses on problems of influenza; information-analytical certificates of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Results. Epidemic morbidity increases in the season 2009 - 2010 and 2015 - 2016 started at various time and had different duration. Children younger than 14 years of age predominated in the structure of patients in the 2009 - 2010 epidemic season, the main mass of patients were presented by individuals aged 45 - 59 years in the 2015 - 2016 season. The number of lethal outcomes with laboratory confirmed influenza diagnosis in 2009 - 2010 was 687 cases, and in 2015 - 2016 - 663 cases. Almost all the deceased from influenza were not vaccinated against this infection. Cardiovascular system diseases were noted in 484 individuals of the total number of deceased. Most of the deceased were late to seek medical aid. Conclusion. Influenza epidemic season 2015 - 2016 differs from 2009 - 2010 season by dynamics of morbidity development and a lower amount of severe forms of the disease and lethal outcomes. This may be due to an increase of population immunity against pandemic strain A(HlNl)pdm09 via pro-epidemizing in the recent years as well as an increase of influenza vaccination coverage.
THE ROLE OF QUORUM-SENSING IN REGULATION OF FORMATION OF BIOFILMS BY VIBRIO CHOLERAE
Authors: Titova S. V. , Alekseeva L. P.
Published: September 2019

Materials regarding quorum-sensing that is the main regulator of inter-cellular communications in Vcholerae are presented. Information transmission between separate vibrios is executed via autoinductors. Their interaction with regulatory proteins facilitates gene activation that take part in formation of biofilms of V.cholerae which ensures their survival and spread.
SONNEI DYSENTERY MORBIDITY IN KHABAROVSK AND KHABAROVSK REGION DUE TO ATYPICAL MANNITOL-NEGATIVE CAUSATIVE AGENT
Authors: Bondarenko A. P. , Zaitseva T. A. , Trotsenko O. E. , Garbuz Yu. A. , Karavyanskaya T. N. , Korita T. V. , Prisyazhnyuk E. N. , Podkolzin A. T. , Shmylenko VA. .. , Trigorlova T. N. , Bondar O. B.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determine features of epidemic process (EP) of Sonnei dysentery in Khabarovsk Region in 2012 - 2014 due to atypical causative agent. Materials and methods. Detailed characteristics of 161 cultures of Shigella sonnei isolated from 81 patients from epidemic focus in children boarding school in Bikin as well as from 22 patients from sporadic and group foci of dysentery in Khabarovsk (biochemical type, colicin-genotype, spectrum of drug resistance) is given. Molecular-biologic subtyping was carried out for 11 strains by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis method (PFGE). Results. Materials of observation of a prolonged foci of Sonnei dysentery with contact-domestic transmission route of the infection in children boarding house for disabled (October 2012 - September 2014) are presented. The diseases are etiologically connected with atypical mannitol-negative types of shigella isolated for the first time in 40 years of observation in Khabarovsk region. Epidemic process of shigellosis was supported by prolonged carriership of the causative agent in patients and special contingent of the nursing home. Shigella cultures isolated in the focus belonged to the same colicin-genotype and 2 distinct drug resistance clones, but a single genotype established by PFGE method. Conclusion. Results of the studies give evidence on the importance of determination of traditional phenotypic and contemporary genotypic variants of shigella and the necessity of search for arguments, additional methodic approaches for establishing similarities and differences of shigella isolates from within the same outbreak of the diseases as well as for comparison of strains circulating in different territories.
METABOLIC PROFILE OF BIFIDOFLORA UNDER DIFFERENT MICROECO-LOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE COLON BIOTOPE IN HUMAN
Authors: Bukharin O. V. , Ivanova E. V. , Perunova N. B. , Chainikova I. N. , Andryuschenko S. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the spectrum and level of short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) in supernatant of bifidobacteria under different microecological conditions of the colon biotope in human. Materials and methods. Metabolites of 88 bifidobacteria strains isolated from patients when examined for dysbiosis of the colon were investigated. Definition of concentration of SCFA was performed on acidified supernatant samples by a separation method on chromatograph GC-2010 Plus, Shimadzu (Japan). Results. Monobasic acids were found in metabolites of 50 -100% study cultures of bifidobacteria where the spectrum and level of carboxylic acids in supernatants varied depending on microecological condition of the origin of the discharge. In severe damages of microsym-biocenosis in metabolites of Bifidobacterium spp., summarized concentrations of SCFA, structural index, levels of aceitic and propionic acids were decreased. Strain-specific differences in a metabolic profile of bifidoflora in a composition of individual consortiums were determined. Data obtained indicate the variation of functional (metabolic) activity of dominant strains in different microecological conditions of the human colon. Conclusion. Uniquieness of metabolome of every other strain due to their strain specifity determines their functional activity, but a metabolic profile of bifidoflora can serve as the most important criterion for the selection of effective probiotic drugs for treatment and prevention of dysbioisis in the colon.
DETERMINATION OF PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF YERSINIA PESTIS STRAINS FROM NATURAL PLAGUE FOCI OF THE CAUCASUS BY MULTI-LOCUS VNTR-ANALYSIS
Authors: Serdyuk N. S. , Evchenko Yu. M. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Zhilchenko E. B. , Zharinova N. V. , Konyaeva O. A. , Mezentsev V. M. , Volynkina A. S. , Kotenev E. S. , Platonov M. E. , Anisimov A. P. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Determination of the degree of phylogenetic relationship of Yersinia pestis strains isolated from the territories of natural foci of plague from the Caucasus using VNTR-typing by 25 loci (MLVA25). Materials and methods. 26 strains of Y. pestis from Russian natural foci of the Caucasus were used in the study. 25 loci of tandem repeats in Y. pestis genome by Le Fleche scheme were used for execution of multi-locus VNTR-analysis. Deciphering of nucleotide sequences was carried out in automatic sequencer ABI 3130 Genetic Analyser. Analysis of confinement of clusters to certain territories, objects and time of isolation of strains was carried out using Arc GIS 10.1 program. Results. Groups of MLVA25-types of various levels of discrimination were formed: clusters, groups and subgroups. Clusters were formed by strains of various taxonomic membership: main and subspecies of Y. pestis. Subgroups reflect membership of strains in certain foci, and MLVA25-types - the degree of genetic relationship. Conclusion. Genetic «portraits» of plague causative agents obtained using MLVA25-types circulating in various natural-focal territories allow to solve problems ofboth theoretical and practical character: from interpretation of microevolution processes to the search of the source of infection and ways of its spread during possible epidemic complications.
PRINCIPLES OF MONITORING OF ADVERSE EVENTS AFTER VACCINATION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE WORLD
Authors: Nacharova E. P. , Kharit S. M. , Lobzin Yu. V. , Briko N. I.
Published: September 2019

Difference in terminology accepted in our and foreign countries for designating disease of post-vaccination period is shown. Analysis of the existing regulating documents in Russian Federation regarding registration of adverse events in post-vaccination period and system of registration accepted in many countries of the world and recommended by WHO is presented. In Russian Federation in accordance with the documents of the Federal Service of Surveillance for Protection of Consumers Rights and Human Welfare only certain conditions (post-vaccinal complications) are subject to registration. In accordance with WHO recommendations all adverse events taking place 1 month after the vaccination must be registered. Summarization of these data allows to detect interconnection between these conditions and vaccination or prove the lack thereof.
ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF CORYNEBACTERIUM NON DIPHTHERIAE STRAINS
Authors: Kharseeva G. G. , Voronina N. A. , Gasretova T. D. , Sylka O. I. , Tyukavkina S. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the frequency of occurrence of antibiotics resistant strains of various species of Corynebacterium non diptheriae. Materials and methods. C.pseudodiphtheriticum, C.pseudotuberculosis, C.xerosis, C.amycolatum, C.striatum, C.ulcerans strains isolated from patients with pathologies of respiratory and urogenital tract, as well as individuals taking prophylaxis examination were used. Sensitivity to antibacterial preparations was determined by the serial dilution method. Results. The highest number of Corynebacterium non diptheriae strains displayed resistance to benzylpenicillin (54.8%) and lincomycin (50.7%), and lowest - to cefotaxime, cefazolin (6.8%) and vancomycin (13.7%). The highest number of antibiotics resistant strains were detected among members of C.pseudotuberculosis {100%), C.xerosis (96.0%) and C. pseudodiphtheriticum (81.0%) species. Polyresistant strains were detected most frequently among C.xerosis, C.amycolatum and C.striatum species. Strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae most frequently displayed resistance to 1 or 2 antibacterial preparations (24.7%), less frequently - to 3 (20.5%), 4 (13.7%), 5 (4.1%) and 6 (1.4%) preparations. Conclusion. The amount of antibiotics resistant strains of Corynebacterium non diptheriae is large (89.0%) and non-similar in various species.
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF IL28B GENE AND GENOTYPES OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN POPULATION OF YAKUTIA: CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Semenov S. I. , Fedorov A. I. , Osakovsky V. L. , Maksimova S. S. , Platonov F. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study clinical outcomes in patients with, chronic hepatitis C depending on genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and IL28B gene polymorphism. Materials and methods. 592 individuals were examined, 75 of those had HCV RNAgenotypes determined by PCR. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) - rs 12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) in IL28B gene was carried out by real-time PCR. Results. HCV RNA was detected in 72 examined residents of Yakutia. HCV lb genotype was determined in 74.2% of cases, 3a - in 11.4%, la and 2 - 5.7% each. Frequency of polymorph variant rsl2979860 CC was 72.2%, CT - 27.8%, rs8099917 TT - 61.1%, TG - 23.2%. Conclusion. Combination of HCV lb with polymorphic variants of IL28B gene rs.l.2979860 CC and rs8099917 CT showed a less aggressive course of the disease. On the other hand, HCV infection of individuals with genotype 3a and polymorphism rsl2979860 CC or rs809917 TT of IL28B gene showed a more severe clinical presentation. The presence of polymorph variants rs8099917 T/G and rs 12979860 C/T showed more severe clinical outcomes of HCV infection (viral load up to 19035212 copies, cirrhosis with ascite, hepatocarcinoma).
INHIBITION OF THE BACTERIAL GROWTH IN THE CULTURES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES AND STREPTOCOCCUS AGALACTIAE IN PRESENCE OF COPPER AND ZINC IONS
Authors: Cheknev S. B. , Vostrova E. I. , Sarycheva M. A. , Kisil S. V. , Anisimov V. V. , Vostrov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The work was performed with the purpose to study antibacterial action of millimolar concentrations of copper and zinc ions, used as sulfates or chlorides in the cultures of S.pyogenes and S.agalactiae. Materials and methods. Suspensions of the S.pyogenes and S.agalactiae bacteria which contained 108 CFU/ml were sown by the lawns into the standard Petri dishes coated with the supplemented Nutrient Agar. 30 min later the salt solutions of copper or zinc were added by the 5 pi drops on the surfaces of the lawns with use of 36-channel stamp replicator. The salt solutions contained copper or zinc at the concentrations ranged between 5xl0-3 M to 5xl0_1 M of the metals. Then the dishes containing bacterial cultures were incubated for 24 hrs at 37°C followed by measuring diameter of the area of culture growth inhibition. The probes of material obtained from the centers of the stunting areas were passed into the centrifuge tubes with the supplemented Nutrient Broth, incubated for up to five days at 37°C and tested for the Broth clarity. Results. In presence of the metal concentrations ranged between 50 to 500 mM the inhibitory action of zinc sulfate towards S.pyogenes bacteria was 1.5 - 1.7 times higher (p
DETECTION OF INDEL-MARKERS IN GENOMES OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI STRAINS FOR INTRA-SPECIES GENOTYPING
Authors: Ledeneva M. L. , Vodopianov A. S. , Tkachenko G. A. , Vodopianov S. O. , Savchenko S. S. , Shpak I. M.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Search for potential INDEL-markers in genomes of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains, as well as evaluation of the possibility of their use for intra-species genotyping. Materials and methods. Full-genome sequences of 25 В. pseudomallei strains with known geographic regions of isolation from GenBank database were studied. INDEL-marker search was carried out using authors’ program Gene Expert. Cluster analysis was carried out using genetic distance by R. Sokal and C. Michener and neighbor joining method. Results. 11 INDEL-markers were detected that allowed to split the studied strains into 13 genotypes. Spectrum of INDEL-patterns characteristic for Australian strains was determined. A possibility of existence of certain phylogeographic patterns of Thailand isolates is shown. Conclusion. A possibility of INDEL-markers to differentiate isolates of B. pseudomallei into 2 geographic populations (Australian and South-eastern Asia origin) that allows to determine the source of melioidosis outbreak and transmission routes of the pathogen is detected.
APPLICATION OF TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY FOR DETECTION OF CAUSATIVE AGENT OF BRUCELLOSIS IN BLOOD SAMPLES IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Ulshina D. V. , Kovalev D. A. , Ponomarenko D. G. , Rusanova D. V. , Shvetsova N. M. , Taran T. V. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Zhirov A. M. , Khachaturova A. A. , Borzdova I. Yu. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim.Study the possibility to apply time-of-flight mass-spectrometry for detection of causative agent of brucellosis in blood. Materials and methods. Brucella strains: 5 Brucella melitensis and 21 Brucella abortus. Protein profiling in linear mode on MALD1-TOF mass-spectrometer Microflex «Bruker Daltonics». Results. Technique for disinfection and preparation of blood samples was modified and optimized for MALDI-TOF MS analysis. 120 representative protein profiles of sera extract were obtained that contain brucellosis causative agent. A resulting peak-list (super-spectrum) of the studied protein fraction of blood extract of a conditionally healthy human within the studied group was formed and analyzed. Conclusion. A scheme of brucella detection in blood samples by MALDI-TOF MS is proposed, based on detection of a complex of 15 genus-specific fragments. Signals on mass-spectra of extracts of leukocyte fraction of blood, artificially contaminated with brucellosis causative agents are characterized.
INTERACTION OF SALMONELLA WITH HOST ORGANISM
Authors: Boichenko M. N. , Zverev V. V. , Volchkova E. V.
Published: September 2019

Diseases caused by Salmonella enterica species bacteria remain a healthcare challenge. Salmonella enterica species is divided into typhoid serovars that cause systemic infection and non-typhoid serovars that most frequently have a course of gastroenteritis with a development of inflammatory diarrhea. Both types of salmonella are opportunistic intracellular parasites able to invade and reproduce in both professional and non-professional phagocytes, e.g. M- cells and enterocytes. Invasion of cells and reproduction in them relates to functioning of salmonella pathogenicity island genes that determined synthesis of the third type of secretory system (T3SS). Contrary to the salmonella typhoid group serovars, non-typhoid serovars cause a development of inflammatory diarrhea, and effector molecules of T3SS as well as innate immunity components take part in it.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF MASS ACTIONS: TOPICAL ISSUES AND PRINCIPLES
Authors: Efremenko D. V. , Maletskaya O. V. , Orobey V. G. , Efremenko V. I.
Published: September 2019

Topical issues of ensuring biological safety of mass actions are considered in the article. According to the purpose and content are allocated two interdependent and supplementing each other within the system of supervision and monitoring of biological safety - the measures for prophylaxis of emergency situations and the measures for ensuring readiness for emergency situations. Actions of separate functional elements of system of rather accompanying epidemiological risks focused on their decrease and monitoring are analyzed. The attributive base is developed for the principles of ensuring biological safety (rationality, competence, efficiency, flexibility, controllability, preventiveness, coherence) which are considered as determinants of solvable tasks during the periods of preparation and holding mass actions.
MANIFESTATIONS OF EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD IN PRE-VACCINATION PERIOD
Authors: Novikova N. A. , Sashina T. A. , Solntsev L. A. , Epifanova N. V. , Kashnikov A. Yu. , Pogodina L. V. , Okun I. N. , Knyagina O. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study the manifestations of epidemic process of rotavirus infection in Nizhny Novgorod in pre-vaccination period to evaluate the possible effect on morbidity for the rotavirus vaccine application introduction. Materials and methods. Rotavirus morbidity data were analyzed for the 12-year period (2005 - 2016), as well as its age and season distribution. Rotavirus genotyping was carried out using multiplex PCR and partial sequencing of VP4 and VP7 genes. Results. RVI morbidity in Nizhny Novgorod was shown to be at a moderate level when specific prophylaxis was not applied, multi-year dynamics for morbidity reflects the all-Russian state. 2015 - 2016 were characterized by intensification of the epidemic process in age groups of organized children (3 - 6 and 7 - 14) and adults. Season increase included December-May. seasonal morbidity maximums in different age groups took place during different months. Genetic structure of Nizhny Novgorod population PV-A during this time was presented by 10 types with G9P[8] (44,4%) dominating. Conclusion. Growth of RVI morbidity in Nizhny Novgorod in 2015 - 2016 and changes in age and season manifestations of the infection took place under the condition of change of the dominating genotype PV-A (G4P[8] to G9P[8]).
MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NOROVIRUS INFECTION IN MOSCOW
Authors: Kovalev V. A. , Filatov N. N. , Loktionova M. N. , Frolovskaya T. G. , Linok A. V. , Zhukova G. A. , Goliusov A. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Norovirus infection (NVI) epidemiological characteristics evaluation in Moscow at municipal and district levels. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of NVI incidence rate was conducted according to the 2009 - 2016 state statistical reporting forms data. Results. In 2009 - 2016 NVI incidence rate has a trend to increase in Moscow, either at municipal and district levels. NVI cases were registered among children mostly (78% in the SEAD of Moscow, 80% in Moscow and 81% in Russia), at the same time adults proportion of NVI incidence rate increased significantly (up to 42,7% in Moscow and 13,9% in the Russian Federation) by 2016. The morbidity dynamics in different child population age groups was effected by the outbreaks cases. Totally in 2011 - 2016 33 outbreaks were registered in Moscow (24,3% from all acute diarrheal infection outbreaks in Moscow for the same period), where 64,3% with nonpercutaneous channel of infection and 35,7% alimentary. Outbreaks were more often recorded in children’s organized collectivity (69,7%). Conclusion. Nowadays in Moscow there is an NVI incidence increase trend is evidenced, with an increase of the adult population proportion in morbidity structure. At this stage, main contribution to group morbidity was made by children 7 - 14 and 15 - 17 years old. One of the reasons for the NVI incidence rate growth in Moscow (2016) could possibly be the lack of effective prevention measures. Actually, specific NVI diagnostics provided only in outbreaks, due to the lack of routine diagnostic tools. The main reason for the NVI group morbidity effective disease area formation is still sanitary and anti-epidemic regime violation at sites and facilities.
PLASMID DESIGN FOR PRODUCTION OF CHIMERIC ANTIBODIES WITH DEFINED SPECIFICITY IN EUKARYOTES
Authors: Oksanich A. S. , Samartseva T. G. , Faizjuloev E. B. , Gavrilova N. F. , Yakovleva I. V. , Sviridov V. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. In this study we aimed to design the universal genetic construction expressing the light and heavy chains of a chimeric antibody, to develop methodological approaches for the production of chimeric antibodies with defined specificity using the monoclonal antibodies to diphtheria toxin (DT) DT-17 in the CHO cells as an example and to evaluate their immunochemical and effector properties. Materials and methods. Variable region genes of the light and heavy chains of mouse antibodies DT-17 to diphtheria toxin were obtained by PCR method and cloned into pCI-neo plasmid vector. The S V DT -17neo «supervector» containing the genes of a chimeric antibody was constructed by using of genetic engineering techniques. CHO cells were transfected with «supervector» and a highly productive clone secreting chimeric antibodies to DT were collected. Immunochemical methods were used to evaluate antibody activity, and affinity chromatography was used to prepare preparative amounts of the antibodies. Results. U ni versal vectors pLK DT -17 and pHG DT-17 containing light and heavy chain genes of the chimeric antibodies DT -17 to DT were constructed. The variable and constant region genes were flanked by endonuclease restriction sites, which allows to change the specificity of the antibodies. In the future it will make possible to study the modifications of the class and species specificity of the chimeric immunoglobulins. When the CHO cell culture was transfected with the designed vectors, the accumulation of antibodies to DT in the culture medium was detected. The yield of purified DT-17 chimeric antibodies was 4 mg per 1 liter of culture medium. The minimum concentration of chimeric antibodies necessary for DT neutralization in the CHO cells was 30 pg/mL. Conclusion. Universal plasmids encoding the synthesis of light and heavy chains of chimeric DT -17 antibody have been designed. On the basis of these vectors, a «supervector» and a highly productive clone secreting specific antibodies that had neutralizing activity against DT were obtained.
DESIGN OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS GENOTYPE 1 RECOMBINANT ORF3 PROTEIN BY CODON OPTIMIZATION METHOD
Authors: Alatortseva G. I. , Sidorov A. V. , Nesterenko L. N. , Luhverchik L. N. , Zhukina M. V. , Amiantova I. I. , Milovanova A. V. , Vorobev D. S. , Ammur Yu. I. , Mikhailov M. I. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Kichatova V. S. , Potemkin I. A. , Isaeva O. V. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Karlsen A. A. , Blinov V. M. , Nurmatov Z. Sh. , Nurmatov A. Z. , Kasymov O. T. , Zhavoronok S. V. , Zverev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. The development of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 full-size ORF3 recombinant polypeptide. Materials and methods. Escherichia coli strains, plasmid vectors, serological and clinical samples, ELISA reagent kits, molecular biological, bioinformatic, biotechnological, biochemical and serological methods. Results. HEV genotype 1 RNA had been isolated from clinical samples collected in Kyrgyzstan. DNA copy of subgenomic virus RNA had been cloned and used for further development of E.coli strains producing full-size recombinant protein ORF3 fused to E.coli beta-galactosidase. Codons optimization method was used in aim to increase expression level of recombinant protein. Recombinant protein ORF3 had been isolated from the inclusion bodies of the E.coli biomass and purified by size exclusion chromatography. Antigenic specificity of recombinant polypeptide had been confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting with the specific sera. Conclusion. HEVgenotype 1 ORF3 recombinant antigen had been designed, and it’s applicability in diagnostic tests had been experimentally confirmed.
STATUS AND TRENDS OF THE EPIDEMIC SITUATION OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCAL (GAS) INFECTIONS IN RUSSIA IN RECENT YEARS
Authors: Briko N. I. , Glushkova E. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the main epidemiological manifestations of GAS infection in Russia and to assess the scale ofthe problem. Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official statistical reporting data (f. 2, f. 12) about the incidence and prevalence of the most significant. forms of group A streptococcal infection in 2009 - 2016 was performed. Results. There was a slight decrease in the total incidence of GAS infection in the Russian Federation. On the average, 1.8 million people fell ill every year, of which 600,000 were children aged 0 - 14. There was no reliable trend in incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in 2009 - 2016 (2.0 per 100 000 population). The risk group is adolescents. The main proportion is adults (64%). In recent years the incidence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) increases significantly (t=3.8, p
IDENTIFICATION OF IMMUNOGENIC PROTEINS OF STRAINS OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IN MALDI TOF MS
Authors: Chervakova M. P. , Sharov T. N. , Barkova LA. .. , Barkov A. M. , Viktorov D. V. , Toporkov A. V.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Identification of obtained in host-simulated conditions immunogenic proteins of isogenic variants of Bacillus anthracis 575/122. Materials and methods. We used culture filtrate of isogenic variants of B. anthracis 575/122: R02 (pXOL pXO2+); R01 (pXO1+ pXO2‘); R00 (pXOL pX02~), obtained in host-simulated conditions. In the one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with hyperimmune serums immunodominant proteins, that have been identified in MALDI TOF MS. Results. Immunoblotting revealed proteins with molecular masses in range 97 - 14.1 kDa. 90 kDa protein from strain B. anthracis 575/122 R01 in MALDI TOF MS was identified as protective antigen with 85.810 kDa. Protein with molecular mass 60 kDa was identified as GMP synthase with molecular mass 57.239 kDa. In the culture filtrates of three strains two common antigen were identified: protein with molecular mass 97 kDa, identified as B. anthracis EA 1 with molecular mass 91.361 kDa protein and 45 kDa protein as enolase B. anthracis with molecular mass 46.418 kDa. Conclusion. Thus, the conditions that simulate the host can promote the production of immunodominant proteins of B. anthracis. The data about molecular-weight characteristics of protective antigen and EA 1 protein as well as some of proteases of B. anthracis are confirmed by the MALDI TOF MS. The results can be used for isolation of these proteins to improve the diagnostic and vaccine preparations.
MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIGELLA SONNEI-2013 STRAIN ISOLATED DURING THE OUTBREAK IN DYSENTERY IN THE REPUBLIC ABKHAZIA IN 2013
Authors: Vasileva O. V. , Volynkina A. S. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Pisarenko S. V. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2019

Aim. Study of molecular-genetic properties of Shigella sonnei-2013 strain isolated during the outbreak in dysentery in the republic Abkhazia in 2013. Materials and methods. Genetic typing of the tested strains using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Analyzed of nucleotide sequence fragments 7 of conservative «housekeeping» genes adk, fumC, icd, mdh, purA, recA, gyrB. Sequenced of DNA fragments compared with reference sequences from database of Escherichia coli MLST. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using UPGMA method and computer program START 2. Whole-genome sequencing performed on a genetic analyzer Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM™) using fragment libraries (shot-gun). Aligning reads have been carried out with the program GS Reference Mapper. Results. Defined sequence - type of the studied strain - ST-152, one of the most common genotypes for S. sonnei. Demonstrated the high degree of similarity obtained contig to the sequences of the chromosome and plasmids А, В, С и E strains S. sonnei 53G and S. sonnei Ss046. Identified contigs with a high percentage similarity to the sequence of virulence plasmid p026-Vir of E. coli 026:H11 (H30). In the genomic S. sonnei-2013 revealed nucleotide sequence of 136 genes were found located on the p026-Vir strain of E. coli 026:Н11 (НЗО). Discovered genes controlling biosynthesis of type IV pili involved in adhesion to abiotic surfaces and biofilm formation. Conclusion. Identified structural peculiarities of strain induced by fragments of virulence plasmid p026-Vir strain E. coli 026:H 11 (H30).
APPLICATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-BASED LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE AGENT OF MELIOIDOSIS IN CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS
Authors: Khrapova N. P. , Merinova L. K. , Zamarina T. V. , Frolov D. M. , Senina T. V. , Korsakova I. I.
Published: September 2019

The review summarizes the basic information on the development and diagnostic capabilities of the latex agglutination test (LAT), used for detection and subsequent identification of melioidosis pathogen. According to the published literature, the use of melioidosis monoclonal antibodies of various epitope direction for coat the latex beads (suspension carrier), the main detection ingredient of this reaction, contributes to an increase in the diagnostic capabilities of this method: its sensitivity and specificity, which has been repeatedly confirmed by specialists working both in endemic zone distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and outside these territories. As most authors of the publications noted, after introduction of this reaction into practical work of profile laboratories, low-cost commercial products (test set of reagents for latex agglutination reaction) can find wide application both in stationary and mobile laboratories. The undoubted merits of the method are its simplicity, clarity, suitability for working with various samples from objects of the external environment and biological material, as well as obtained evidence ofthe suitability of LAT to ensure effective differentiation of B. pseudomallei from avirulent related bacteria and detection of the causative agent in the early stages of the disease for relatively short intervals, which makes it a promising method for diagnosing melioidosis, a potentially fatal infection requiring an early onset appropriate antibiotic therapy.
A SOME ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EBOLA VIRUS IN NATURAL FOCIES
Authors: Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Karulina N. V. , Chukhralya O. V. , Syromyatnikova S. I. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: September 2019

Ebola virus that composed Ebolavirus genus of Filoviridae Family causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high case-fatality rates (up to 90%). The Ebolavirus genus includes Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Reston, Ebola-Tai Forest and Ebola-Bundibugyo viruses. The date about epidemic outbreaks of disease, reservoirs of infection, accidental hosts of Ebola virus are presented in this review. The date about natural reservoirs of infection are accessed only for Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Reston viruses. For Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Tai Forest and Ebola-Bundibugyo viruses such information is absence. The bats are natural reservoirs for Ebola-Zaire and Ebola-Reston viruses. The formation of natural reservoirs of filoviruses assumes possibilities of existence of several hosts. The interrelation of Ebola virus and their hosts, dynamics of infection are the classical «susceptible-infected-immune» (recovered) cycle. The likely schemes of rises of epidemic outbreaks, caused by Ebola-Zaire virus are suggested.
THE CYTOKINE PROFILE OF MICE DENDRITIC CELLS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OprF AND aTox PROTEINS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Akhmatova N. K. , Kalinichenko E. O. , Makarenkova I. D. , Akhmatova E. A. , Tukhvatulin A. I. , Logunov D. Yu. , Mikhailova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To study the effect of OprF and aTox proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the cytokine profile of mice dendritic cells. Materials and methods. Dendritic cells (DC) were obtained from bone marrow cells of BALB/c mice when cultured with 20 ng/ml of recombinant GM-CSF and IL-4 (Biosource, USA). OprF and aTox of P. aeruginosa were used as the inducer of maturation of DC. The level of cytokines was determined in supernatants of DC using the Bio-Plex Pro™ Mouse Cytokine 23-plex Assay (BioRad, USA). Results. Evaluation of the profile and level of cytokines produced by dendritic cells of mice demonstrates the high activity of mature DC. Under the influence of recombinant proteins OprF+aTox, both large amounts of Th-1 cytokines were synthesized: IL-1a, IL-1P, IL-6, TNF-a, Th-2 cytokines: IL- 4, IL-10, IL-13, regulatory cytokines: IL-12, IFN-y, IL-17A and chemokines: KC (CXCL1), MIP-1a (CCL3), MIP-1e (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5). In our studies, we demonstrated the possibility of obtaining mature dendritic cells from the bone marrow of mice under the influence of a complex of P. aeruginosa antigens. Conclusion. The candidate Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine based on its recombinant proteins OprF and aTox induces the production of chemokines and Th-1, Th-2, Th-17 cytokines by mice dendritic cells.