bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionally Graded Thin Circular Plates with Different Moduli in Tension and Compression: Improved Föppl–von Kármán Equations and Its Biparametric Perturbation Solution
Authors: He Xiao-Ting , Pang Bo , Ai Jie-Chuan , Sun Jun-Yi
Published: September 2022

The biparametric perturbation method is applied to solve the improved Föppl–von Kármán equation, in which the improvements of equations come from two different aspects: the first aspect concerns materials, and the other is from deformation. The material considered in this study has bimodular functionally graded properties in comparison with the traditional materials commonly used in classical Föppl–von Kármán equations. At the same time, the consideration for deformation deals with not only the large deflection as indicated in classical Föppl–von Kármán equations, but also the larger rotation angle, which is incorporated by adopting the precise curvature formulas but not the simple second-order derivative term of the deflection. To fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the biparametric perturbation method proposed, two sets of parameter combinations, one being a material parameter with central defection and the other being a material parameter with load, are used for the solution of the improved Föppl–von Kármán equations. Results indicate that not only the two sets of solutions from different parameter combinations are consistent, but also they may be reduced to the single-parameter perturbation solution obtained in our previous study. The successful application of the biparametric perturbation method provides new ideas for solving similar nonlinear differential equations.
Economic Activity Forecasting Based on the Sentiment Analysis of News
Authors: Lukauskas Mantas , Pilinkienė Vaida , Bruneckienė Jurgita , Stundžienė Alina , Grybauskas Andrius , Ruzgas Tomas
Published: September 2022

The outbreak of war and the earlier and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic determined the need for real-time monitoring of economic activity. The economic activity of a country can be defined in different ways. Most often, the country’s economic activity is characterized by various indicators such as the gross domestic product, the level of employment or unemployment of the population, the price level in the country, inflation, and other frequently used economic indicators. The most popular were the gross domestic product (GDP) and industrial production. However, such traditional tools have started to decline in modern times (as the timely knowledge of information becomes a critical factor in decision making in a rapidly changing environment) as they are published with significant delays. This work aims to use the information in the Lithuanian mass media and machine learning methods to assess whether these data can be used to assess economic activity. The aim of using these data is to determine the correlation between the usual indicators of economic activity assessment and media sentiments and to forecast traditional indicators. When evaluating consumer confidence, it is observed that the forecasting of this economic activity indicator is better based on the general index of negative sentiment (comparisons with univariate time series). In this case, the average absolute percentage error is 1.3% lower. However, if all sentiments are included in the forecasting instead of the best one, the forecasting is worse and in this case the MAPE is 5.9% higher. It is noticeable that forecasting the monthly and annual inflation rate is thus best when the overall negative sentiment is used. The MAPE of the monthly inflation rate is as much as8.5% lower, while the MAPE of the annual inflation rate is 1.5% lower.
Alternative Generation of the Output Voltage Waveform in an Asymmetric Transformer-Based Cascaded Multilevel Inverter under Fault Conditions
Authors: Inostroza-Osses Mauricio A. , López-Santos Oswaldo , Aldana-Rodríguez Yeison A. , Forero Manuel G.
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces a method for the reconfiguration of a transformer-based cascaded multilevel inverter (CT-MLI), which allows the use of alternative switching patterns when individual inverter stages cease to operate as a result of a failure in the circuit switches. Different possibilities of reconfiguration of the inverter stages to provide the output voltage signal are analyzed and optimal switching patterns are determined. The results obtained from the simulation in the PSIM software are provided to validate the proposal.
An Empirical Investigation of Multinationality and Stock Price Crash Risk for MNCs in China
Authors: Su Larry , Homapour Elmina , Caraffini Fabio , Chiclana Francisco
Published: September 2022

There is a large volume of literature in international business on multinationality. There is an equally large volume of literature in finance on stock price crash risk. However, very few studies have attempted to provide a link between these two research areas. Using an unbalanced panel data consisting of 473 multinational corporations (MNCs) publicly listed in the Chinese stock markets during 2004 to 2020, this paper is one of the first to empirically investigate whether and to what extent multinationality affects stock price crash risk. The paper finds strong evidence that multinational operation is negatively related to stock price crash risk. In addition, MNCs with better corporate governance quality experience larger decline in stock price crash risk when the degree of multinationality increases. Furthermore, MNCs with higher stock market liquidity experience lower crash risk. An important implication is that companies should strengthen their corporate governance and market liquidity while “going global”.
Management of Salter–Harris Type 1 Fracture Complicated with Osteomyelitis in a Sickle Cell Disease Patient: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Opara Nnennaya , Osuala Emmanuella , Nwagbara Ugochinyere
Published: September 2022

Salter–Harris fractures may occur due to a single injury or repetitive stress fractures on the extremities. Type I to III fractures are managed medically, while types IV and V, which are rare, are treated surgically. In the pediatric population, Salter–Harris I fractures of the distal tibia are commonly seen, and management of such fractures are well established in the literature. Despite the availability of a wide range of treatment for such fractures, osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis of the proximal femur can subsequently develop. Avascular necrosis is cell death secondary to metabolic disturbances, trauma, adverse effects of certain medications, or sickle cell disease. Avascular necrosis commonly affects the talus, humerus, or tibia in addition to the femoral head. Radiographic images are essential for prompt diagnosis and to minimize negative health outcomes in these patients. However, Salter–Harris I fracture in sickle cell patients can be very challenging due to these patients’ vulnerability to bone infections and sickle cell crisis. In this case report, our patient with a history of sickle cell disease and with a diagnosis of Salter–Harris I fracture was treated with surgical intervention as type V, which is discussed in this article, and responded well to treatment. Thus, this case suggests a new approach to managing Salter–Harris I fractures complicated with osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients.
Application of Microfluidic Chips in the Detection of Airborne Microorganisms
Authors: Wang Jinpei , Yang Lixia , Wang Hanghui , Wang Lin
Published: September 2022

The spread of microorganisms in the air, especially pathogenic microorganisms, seriously affects people’s normal life. Therefore, the analysis and detection of airborne microorganisms is of great importance in environmental detection, disease prevention and biosafety. As an emerging technology with the advantages of integration, miniaturization and high efficiency, microfluidic chips are widely used in the detection of microorganisms in the environment, bringing development vitality to the detection of airborne microorganisms, and they have become a research highlight in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Microfluidic chips can be used for the detection and analysis of bacteria, viruses and fungi in the air, mainly for the detection of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, H1N1 virus, SARS-CoV-2 virus, Aspergillus niger, etc. The high sensitivity has great potential in practical detection. Here, we summarize the advances in the collection and detection of airborne microorganisms by microfluidic chips. The challenges and trends for the detection of airborne microorganisms by microfluidic chips was also discussed. These will support the role of microfluidic chips in the prevention and control of air pollution and major outbreaks.
Analysis of Current Situation, Demand and Development Trend of Casting Grinding Technology
Authors: Liang Haigang , Qiao Jinwei
Published: September 2022

Although grinding is essential in the production of castings, the casting grinding process in manufacturing is complicated and there are many difficulties, such as the large amount of noise in the grinding environment, non-structural casting entities, and the inclination in the overall shape–time variation. Even in the face of complex technology and a variety of difficulties, modern casting grinding technology still demands large-batch production, low cost, fast response, thin brittleness, high precision, etc. The grinding process has a long history. This paper focus on its development from a human-operated, mechanical job, to an automatic grinding task based on compliant control theory. However, the methods mentioned above can no longer satisfy the current production need. In recent years, researchers have proposed intelligent grinding methods to meet the needs of modern casting production, and provided various strategies and alternatives to the challenges of machining accuracy, machining efficiency, and surface consistency. The research direction of casting polishing has mainly focused on online robot detection, material removal prediction, constant grinding contact force control, and high-precision matching. Although applications for online detection and constant grinding contact force control exist in industry, there are challenges in material removal prediction and three-dimensional high-precision matching. This paper also compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different grinding methods, and puts forward some research directions for future work, so as to promote more intelligent and efficient grinding of complex castings in practical application.
Characterization of Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Extracts, Antifeedant Activities of Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds against Plutella xylostella (L.) and Their Effect on Detoxification Enzymes
Authors: Dolma Shudh Kirti , Reddy S. G. Eswara
Published: September 2022

Plutella xylostella L. is one of the world’s major pests of cruciferous crops. The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to insecticide resistance and resurgence, and has been harmful to non-target organisms and the environment. Botanical insecticides are the best alternatives to synthetic pesticides for the management of pests in organic agriculture and integrated management. T. sebifera is an invasive species and has good potential as an insecticide due to the availability of plant material in some parts of India. The antifeedant activities of T. sebifera have not been reported against P. xylostella and other lepidopteron insects to date. Therefore, the current study targeted the characterization of leaf and bark extracts, feeding deterrence, synergistic and detoxification enzyme activities of leaf/bark ethanolic extracts/fractions, seed oil, and isolated compounds. UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis showed that shikimic acid, xanthoxylin, quercetin, kaempferol, methyl gallate, and stigmasterol are common metabolites identified in leaf and bark extracts. The combination of seed oil with bark extract showed higher deterrence (DC50 = 317.10 mg/L) as compared to leaf/bark extracts alone. Gallic acid showed higher deterrence (67.48%) than kaempferol and quercetin. The n-butanol fraction of bark was more repellent (RC50 = 414.61 mg/L). Based on DC50, the seed oil with leaf extract (1:1 ratio) alone with choice and seed oil with leaf and bark extract without choice showed synergistic interaction, but seed oil with bark extract with choice showed additive interaction. The ethanol extract of leaf, bark, and seed oil inhibited GST and AChE in P. xylostella. The leaf extract and seed oil or their combinations may be recommended as antifeedants to reduce damage by P. xylostella based on persistence, antifeedant, phytotoxicity, safety to predators/parasitoids, etc., under field conditions.
Valorisation of Lignocellulosic Wastes, the Case Study of Eucalypt Stumps Lignin as Bioadsorbent for the Removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Lourenço Ana , Kukić Dragana , Vasić Vesna , Costa Ricardo A. , Antov Mirjana , Šćiban Marina , Gominho Jorge
Published: September 2022

The main objective of this work was to assess Eucalyptus globulus lignin as an adsorbent and compare the results with kraft lignin, which has previously been demonstrated to be an effective adsorbent. Eucalypt lignin was extracted (by the dioxane technique), characterised, and its adsorption properties for Cr(VI) ions were evaluated. The monomeric composition of both types of lignin indicated a high content of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units but low content of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), with an H:G:S ratio of 1:50:146 (eucalypt lignin) and 1:16:26 (kraft lignin), as determined by Py-GC/MS. According to elemental analysis, sulphur (2%) and sodium (1%) were found in kraft lignin, but not in eucalypt lignin. The adsorption capacity of the eucalypt lignin was notably higher than the kraft lignin during the first 8 h, but practically all the ions had been absorbed by both the eucalypt and kraft lignin after 24 h (93.4% and 95%, respectively). Cr(VI) adsorption onto both lignins fitted well using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, with capacities of 256.4 and 303.0 mg/g, respectively, for eucalypt and kraft. The study’s overall results demonstrate the great potential of eucalypt lignin as a biosorbent for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions.
Inhibition of MORC2 Mediates HDAC4 to Promote Cellular Senescence through p53/p21 Signaling Axis
Authors: Ou Kepeng , Li Youjian , Long Yiling , Luo Yafei , Tang Dianyong , Chen Zhongzhu
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy, accounting for the second largest gastrointestinal tumor. MORC2, a newly discovered chromatin remodeling protein, plays an important role in the biological processes of various cancers. However, the potential mechanistic role of MORC2 in promoting proliferation of CRC carcinoma remains unclear. (2) Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas database was analyzed using bioinformatics to obtain gene expression and clinical prognosis data. The cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 and EdU assays, as well as xenograft. SA-beta-gal staining, Western blot, and ELISA assay were using to assess the cell senescence and potential mechanism. (3) Results: Our data showed that MORC2 expression was elevated in CRC patients. Depletion of MORC2 inhibited cellular proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Further studies showed that the depletion of MORC2 enhanced p21 and p53 expression through decreasing HDAC4 and increasing pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-8, thus, promoting cellular senescence. (4) Conclusions: We concluded that increased MORC2 expression in CRC might play a critical role in tumorigenesis by regulating the cellular senescence, in addition, MORC2 could be a novel biomarker for clinical outcomes and prognosis and a treatment target for CRC.
Rational Design of a Fluorescent Chromophore as a Calcium Receptor via DFT and Multivariate Approaches
Authors: Narimani Leila , Lee Vannajan Sanghiran , Alias Yatimah , Manan Ninie Suhana , Woi Pei Meng
Published: September 2022

Computational and experimental approaches were adopted to utilize a chromophore diglycolic functionalized fluorescein derivative as a Ca2+ receptor. Fluorescein diglycolic acid (Fl-DGA, 1) was synthesized and used in multivariate determination of Ca2+ and K+. Full-structure computation shows that the complexes of 1 and Ca2+ have comparable energies regardless of additional interaction with lactone moiety. The initial formation of diglycolic-Ca2+ complex followed by macrocyclization is thermodynamically disfavored. A U-shaped pre-organized 1 allows Ca2+ to interact simultaneously with diglycolic and lactone motifs. Both motifs actively participate in Ca2+ recognition and the eleven methylene units in the undecyl arm provides excellent flexibility for reorganization and optimum interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of computational molecular properties reveals a simple method in evaluating motifs for cation recognition. Fragment models support full-structure results that negative charge causes significant structural changes, but do not reproduce the full extent of C-O bond breaking observed in the latter. Experimental optical responses show that 1 is selective towards Ca2+ and discriminates against K+ and Mg2+. PCA of emission intensities affords distinct clusters of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM Ca2+ and K+, and suggests applicability of this technique for simultaneous determination of cationic plant macronutrients in precision agriculture and a wide variety of other applications.
Ginsenosides Restore Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Mice with Intrahepatic Cholestasis through SIRT1/AMPK Pathways
Authors: Li Guodong , Xu Yanjiao , Gao Qianyan , Guo Sheng , Zu Yue , Wang Ximin , Wang Congyi , Zhang Chengliang , Liu Dong
Published: September 2022

Intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) occurs when the liver and systemic circulation accumulate bile components, which can then lead to lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative damage. Ginsenosides (GS) are pharmacologically active plant products derived from ginseng that possesses lipid-regulation and antioxidation activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of ginsenosides (GS) on lipid homeostasis disorder and oxidative stress in mice with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced IC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. A comprehensive strategy via incorporating pharmacodynamics and molecular biology technology was adopted to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of GS in ANIT-induced mice liver injury. The effects of GS on cholestasis were studied in mice that had been exposed to ANIT-induced cholestasis. The human HepG2 cell line was then used in vitro to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which GS might improve IC. The gene silencing experiment and liver-specific sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) knockout (SIRT1LKO) mice were used to further elucidate the mechanisms. The general physical indicators were assessed, and biological samples were collected for serum biochemical indexes, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress-related indicators. Quantitative PCR and H&E staining were used for molecular and pathological analysis. The altered expression levels of key pathway proteins (Sirt1, p-AMPK, Nrf2) were validated by Western blotting. By modulating the AMPK protein expression, GS decreased hepatic lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation and lipoprotein lipolysis, thereby improving lipid homeostasis in IC mice. Furthermore, GS reduced ANIT-triggered oxidative damage by enhancing Nrf2 and its downstream target levels. Notably, the protective results of GS were eliminated by SIRT1 shRNA in vitro and SIRT1LKO mice in vivo. GS can restore the balance of the lipid metabolism and redox in the livers of ANIT-induced IC models via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway, thus exerting a protective effect against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury.
Theoretical Study on the Diels–Alder Reaction of Fullerenes: Analysis of Isomerism, Aromaticity, and Solvation
Authors: Rodrigues Diogo J. L. , Santos Luís M. N. B. F. , Melo André , Lima Carlos F. R. A. C.
Published: September 2022

Fullerenes are reactive as dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions. Their distinctive molecular shape and properties result in interesting and sometimes elusive reaction patterns. Herein, to contribute to the understanding of fullerene reactivity, we evaluate the energies of reactions for Diels–Alder cycloadditions of C60, C70, and IC60MA with anthracene (Ant), by means of DFT computational analysis in vacuum and solution. The methods used showed little differentiation between the reactivity of the different fullerenes. The C70-Ant adducts where addition takes place near the edge of the fullerene were found to be the most stable regioisomers. For the IC60MA-Ant adducts, the calculated energies of reaction increase in the order: equatorial > trans-3 > trans-2 ≈ trans-4 ≈ trans-1 > cis-3 > cis-2. The change in the functional suggests the existence of stabilizing dispersive interactions between the surface of the fullerene and the addends. HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) analysis indicated an increase in aromaticity in the fullerene hexagons adjacent to the bonded addend. This increase is bigger in the rings of bisadduct isomers that are simultaneously adjacent to both addends, which helps explain the extra stability of the equatorial isomers. Solvation by m-xylene decreases the exothermicity of the reactions studied but has little distinguishing effect on the possible isomers. Thermal corrections reduce the exothermicity of the reactions by ~10 kJ∙mol−1.
Quantum States for a Minimum-Length Spacetime
Authors: Pesci Alessandro
Published: September 2022

Starting from some results regarding the form of the Ricci scalar at a point P in a (particle-like) spacetime endowed with a minimum distance, we investigate how they might be accommodated, specifically for the case of null separations, in a as-simple-as-possible quantum structure for spacetime at P, and we try to accomplish this in terms of potentially operationally defined concepts. In so doing, we provide a possible explicit form for the operator expressing the Ricci scalar as a quantum observable, and give quantum-informational support, thus regardless of or before field equations, to associating with a patch of horizon an entropy proportional to its area.
Correction: Zvidzayi et al. A Novel Approach to Assess the Potency of Topical Corticosteroids. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 1456
Authors: Zvidzayi Michael , Rath Seeprarani , Bon Charles , Abboo Sagaran , Kanfer Isadore
Published: September 2022

In the original publication [...]
Recent Advances in Multifunctional Antimicrobial Peptides as Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Therapy: Chromogranin A-Derived Peptides and Dermaseptins as Endogenous versus Exogenous Actors
Authors: Scavello Francesco , Amiche Mohamed , Ghia Jean-Eric
Published: September 2022

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all living organisms exhibiting antimicrobial activities and representing the first line of innate defense against pathogens. In this context, AMPs are suggested as an alternative to classical antibiotics. However, several researchers reported their involvement in different processes defining them as Multifunctional AMPs (MF-AMPs). Interestingly, these agents act as the endogenous responses of the human organism against several dangerous stimuli. Still, they are identified in other organisms and evaluated for their anticancer therapy. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a glyco-phosphoprotein discovered for the first time in the adrenal medulla but also produced in several cells. CgA can generate different derived AMPs influencing numerous physiological processes. Dermaseptins (DRSs) are a family of α-helical-shaped polycationic peptides isolated from the skin secretions of several leaf frogs from the Phyllomedusidae family. Several DRSs were identified as AMPs and, until now, more than 65 DRSs have been classified. Recently, these exogenous molecules were characterized for their anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize the role of these two classes of MF-AMPs as an example of endogenous molecules for CgA-derived peptides, able to modulate inflammation but also as exogenous molecules for DRSs, exerting anticancer activities.
The Effects of Resveratrol-Rich Extracts of Vitis vinifera Pruning Waste on HeLa, MCF-7 and MRC-5 Cells: Apoptosis, Autophagia and Necrosis Interplay
Authors: Jovanović Galović Aleksandra , Jovanović Lješković Nataša , Vidović Senka , Vladić Jelena , Jojić Nikola , Ilić Milan , Srdić Rajić Tatjana , Kojić Vesna , Jakimov Dimitar
Published: September 2022

Resveratrol is a well-studied plant-derived molecule in cancer biology, with a plethora of documented in vitro effects. However, its low bioavailability and toxicity risk hamper its wider use. In this study, vine shoots after pruning were used as a source of resveratrol (RSV). The activity of subcritical water extract (SWE) and dry extract (DE) is examined on three cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7 and MRC-5. The cytotoxic effect is assessed by the MTT test and EB/AO staining, levels of apoptosis are determined by Annexin V assay, autophagia by ULK-1 expression using Western blot and NF-kB activation by p65 ELISA. Our results show that both resveratrol-rich extracts (DE, SWE) have a preferential cytotoxic effect on malignant cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7), and low cytotoxicity on non-malignant cells in culture (MRC-5). Further experiments indicate that the investigated malignant cells undergo different cell death pathways. MCF-7 cells died preferentially by apoptosis, while the HeLa cells died most likely by necrosis (possibly ferroptosis). Protective autophagia is diminished upon treatment with DE in both HeLa and MCF-7 cells, while SWE does not influence the level of autophagia. The extracts are effective even at low concentrations (below IC50) in the activation of NF-kB (p65 translocation).
A 245 GHz Real-Time Wideband Wireless Communication Link with 30 Gbps Data Rate
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Hao , Huang Xiaojing , Suzuki Hajime , Pathikulangara Joseph , Smart Ken , Du Jia , Guo Jay
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a 245 GHz wireless communications system with a data rate of 30 Giga bits per second (Gbps) at a 1.2 m distance, which proves the potential for future high-speed communications beyond 5G technology. The system consists of low-complexity and real-time base-band modules to provide the high-speed wideband signal processing capability. Multi-channel base-band signals are combined and converted to 15.65 ± 6.25 GHz wideband intermediate frequency (IF) signals. A novel 245 GHz waveguide bandpass filter (BPF) with low loss and high selectivity is designed and applied to a terahertz (THz) front-end for image rejection and noise suppression. Configuration of the base-band, IF, and THz front-end modules is also given in detail. The 245 GHz wireless communication link is demonstrated over a distance of 1.2 m.
Analysis and Experiment of Laser Wireless Power Transmission Based on Photovoltaic Panel
Authors: He Tiefeng , Zheng Guoliang , Liu Xing , Wu Qingyang , Wang Meng , Yang Can , Lv Zhijian
Published: September 2022

A photovoltaic panels is a device used for converting solar and other energy into electrical energy. In laser wireless power transmission, there is a problem that the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel is not as high as that of a single photovoltaic cell, and the output power is not as large as expected. This is not conducive to the popularization and use of wireless power transmission via laser. It is important to find out why the output power of the photovoltaic panel irradiated by lasers is not high. According to the laser intensity distribution equation, it is deduced that the laser in a very small area has an equivalent uniformity intensity distribution through the comparative calculation of the light intensity of two adjacent points. Then, the input non-uniform laser can be broken down into many equivalent uniform small lasers with different light intensity values. Based on this theory, the photovoltaic array model under laser was established, and it was simulated by MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results reveal that the greater the difference between the light intensity values of these small spots, that is to say, the more non-uniform the laser, the lower the output power of the photovoltaic module illuminated by it. A multi-wavelength experimental platform was built, and comparative experiments of laser wireless power transmission were carried out using three kinds of lasers: 808, 532, and 1030 nm. The experimental result was in good agreement with the simulation result. The above results show that the deduced theory and the model based on it are correct.
The Ubiquitin–Proteasome System (UPS) and Viral Infection in Plants
Authors: Lobaina Dania P. , Tarazi Roberto , Castorino Tamara , Vaslin Maite F. S.
Published: September 2022

The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is crucial in maintaining cellular physiological balance. The UPS performs quality control and degrades proteins that have already fulfilled their regulatory purpose. The UPS is essential for cellular and organic homeostasis, and its functions regulate DNA repair, gene transcription, protein activation, and receptor trafficking. Besides that, the UPS protects cellular immunity and acts on the host’s defense system. In order to produce successful infections, viruses frequently need to manipulate the UPS to maintain the proper level of viral proteins and hijack defense mechanisms. This review highlights and updates the mechanisms and strategies used by plant viruses to subvert the defenses of their hosts. Proteins involved in these mechanisms are important clues for biotechnological approaches in viral resistance.
Initial Studies of the Response of Rubber Tree Seedlings Treated with Saprobic Fungi from the Semiarid Region of Northeast Brazil to Anthracnose
Authors: Bergamini Lopes Marcela Pagoti , Gomes Marcela Eloi , Celin Gustavo da Silva , Bello Heloísa Noemi , Henrique Rodney Lucio Pinheiro , Magalhães Izabela Ponso , Santos Louyne Varini , Tropaldi Leandro , Pascholate Sergio F. , Furtado Edson Luiz , Firmino Ana Carolina
Published: September 2022

Anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum, is present in the main areas where rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) are planted. Thus, considering that biological agents can be an alternative for disease control, the present study aimed to carry out initial studies to investigate the response of rubber tree seedlings inoculated with Colletotrichum and treated with saprobes fungi from the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (Curvularia eragrostidis, Memnoniella levispora, Myrothecium roridum and Phialomyces macrosporus). Seedlings of the rubber tree clone RRIM600 were sprayed with biocontrol agents as preventive and curative treatments seven days before and after C. tamarilloi inoculation, respectively. Assessments included plant response to disease expression based on the percentage of symptomatic area on treated leaves, percentage of graft death, and percentage of apical death in seedlings 30 days after inoculation with C. tamarilloi. In addition, the enzymes peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) had their activity quantified by their association with plant resistance to pathogens. The fungus C. eragrostidis had the best result in controlling anthracnose when applied as a preventive treatment, showing 10% less disease than the untreated plant. The same was observed for the fungus P. macrosporus when used in the curative form. These fungi also reduced the graft death. In these cases, PAL activity was higher and may be linked to the induction of resistance against the pathogen. The peroxidase activity was not expressive for treatments with saprobic fungi in the periods studied. Therefore, among the tested fungi, C. eragrostidis and P. macrosporus are promising for the control of anthracnose, deserving further studies.
Bacillus for Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Resilience: What Have We Learned?
Authors: Tsotetsi Teboho , Nephali Lerato , Malebe Motumiseng , Tugizimana Fidele
Published: September 2022

The rhizosphere is a thin film of soil that surrounds plant roots and the primary location of nutrient uptake, and is where important physiological, chemical, and biological activities are occurring. Many microbes invade the rhizosphere and have the capacity to promote plant growth and health. Bacillus spp. is the most prominent plant growth promoting rhizobacteria due to its ability to form long-lived, stress-tolerant spores. Bacillus-plant interactions are driven by chemical languages constructed by a wide spectrum of metabolites and lead to enhanced plant growth and defenses. Thus, this review is a synthesis and a critical assessment of the current literature on the application of Bacillus spp. in agriculture, highlighting gaps that remain to be explored to improve and expand on the Bacillus-based biostimulants. Furthermore, we suggest that omics sciences, with a focus on metabolomics, offer unique opportunities to illuminate the chemical intercommunications between Bacillus and plants, to elucidate biochemical and molecular details on modes of action of Bacillus-based formulations, to generate more actionable insights on cellular and molecular events that explain the Bacillus-induced growth promotion and stress resilience in plants.
An Update on Effectiveness and Practicability of Plant Essential Oils in the Food Industry
Authors: Salanță Liana Claudia , Cropotova Janna
Published: September 2022

Consumer awareness and demands for quality eco-friendly food products have made scientists determined to concentrate their attention on sustainable advancements in the utilization of bioactive compounds for increasing safety and food quality. Essential oils (EOs) are extracted from plants and exhibit antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity; thus, they are used in food products to prolong the shelf-life of foods by limiting the growth or survival of microorganisms. In vitro studies have shown that EOs are effective against foodborne bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The growing interest in essential oils and their constituents as alternatives to synthetic preservatives has been extensively exploited in recent years, along with techniques to facilitate the implementation of their application in the food industry. This paper’s aim is to evaluate the current knowledge on the applicability of EOs in food preservation, and how this method generally affects technological properties and consumers’ perceptions. Moreover, essential aspects concerning the limitation of the available alternatives are highlighted, followed by a presentation of the most promising trends to streamline the EOs’ usability. Incorporating EOs in packaging materials is the next step for green and sustainable foodstuff production and a biodegradable method for food preservation.
Durability of Implanted Low-Density Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Used as a Scaffold for Microencapsulated Molecular Probes inside Small Fish
Authors: Shchapova Ekaterina , Titov Evgeniy , Gurkov Anton , Nazarova Anna , Borvinskaya Ekaterina , Timofeyev Maxim
Published: September 2022

Implantable sensors based on shaped biocompatible hydrogels are now being extensively developed for various physiological tasks, but they are usually difficult to implant into small animals. In this study, we tested the long-term in vivo functionality of pH-sensitive implants based on amorphous 2.7% polyacrylamide hydrogel with the microencapsulated fluorescent probe SNARF-1. The sensor was easy to manufacture and introduce into the tissues of a small fish Danio rerio, which is the common model object in biomedical research. Histological examination revealed partial degradation of the gel by the 7th day after injection, but it was not the case on the 1st day. Using the hydrogel sensor, we were able to trace the interstitial pH in the fish muscles under normal and hypercapnic conditions for at least two days after the implantation. Thus, despite later immune response, amorphous polyacrylamide is fully suitable for preparing implantable sensors for various mid-term physiological experiments on small fishes. The proposed approach can be further developed to create implantable sensors for animals with similar anatomy.
Highly Sensitive Liquid M-Z Waveguide Sensor Based on Polymer Suspended Slot Waveguide Structure
Authors: Han Jiachen , Wu Xihan , Ge Xuyang , Xie Yuqi , Song Guoming , Liu Lu , Yi Yunji
Published: September 2022

The slot structure has great advantages in improving the sensitivity of integrated waveguide optical sensors and reducing the detection limit. We propose a polymer Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) optical sensor based on the slot structure and adopted the suspended structure to improve optical field interaction with the analyte, hence boosting the sensor’s sensing accuracy. In this paper, the effects of the single waveguide width, slot width, and coupling structure of the slot waveguide on the performance of the sensor operating at a 1550 nm wavelength were analyzed. Under the premise of satisfying single-mode transmission, we designed an MZI with a branch spacing of 10 µm, arm length of 2045 µm, branch span of 700 µm, and slot region of 500 µm. The sensor’s average sensitivity was 972.1 dB/RIU, and its average detection resolution was 1.6 × 10−6 RIU, which is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the suspended strip waveguide, 1.6 times higher than that of the non-suspended slot structure, and 2.1 times higher than that of the non-suspended strip waveguide.
Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microspheres for Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Capecitabine in Urine Samples
Authors: Song Renyuan , Xie Jiawei , Yu Xiaofeng , Ge Jinlong , Liu Muxin , Guo Liping
Published: September 2022

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction to treat biological samples has attracted considerable attention. Herein, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres with porous structures were prepared by a combined suspension-iniferter polymerization method using capecitabine (CAP) as a template molecule. This material was subsequently used as a solid-phase extraction agent to separate and enrich drug molecules in urine samples. UV analysis revealed that methacrylate (MAA) was an ideal functional monomer, and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Ultraviolet (UV), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analyses were used to study the interaction forces between MAA and CAP, demonstrating that hydrogen bonding was the primary interaction force. MIPs with outstanding selectivity were successfully prepared, and the analysis of their surface morphology and chemical structure revealed a spherical morphology with small holes distributed across a rough surface. This surface morphology significantly reduced the mass transfer resistance of template molecules, providing an ideal template recognition effect. Using the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction method, CAP and the structural analog cytidine (CYT) were pretreated in urine samples and quantified by HPLC. The results showed that CAP and CYT recoveries reached 97.2% and 39.8%, respectively, with a limit of detection of 10.0–50.0 µg·mL−1. This study provides a novel approach to drug molecule pretreatment that can be applied in drug separation and functional materials science fields.
Preparation and Optimization of Modified Asphalt by Profile Control Parameters at Lamadian Oilfield
Authors: Luo Qing , Li Kemin , Shan Gaojun , Cao Guangsheng , Bai Yujie , Zhang Ning , Wu Jiajun
Published: September 2022

The Lamadian oilfield has entered the stage of strong water cut after natural energy development and conventional water flooding development. The use of asphalt binder for profile control can not only adjust the contradiction between layers, expand the swept volume, but also improve the oil displacement efficiency. The field test has achieved certain results. The main oil layer in the Lamadian oilfield has a strong oil layer thickness and serious vertical and plane heterogeneity. After years of water injection development and polymer injection development, most oilfields have entered a period of strong water cut. In the test, it is found that the effect of different well layers is very different, the effect is unstable, and the reason is unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the adaptability and parameter optimization of profile control of asphalt binder through laboratory experiments. In this paper, the asphalt binder provided on site are modified and the dispersion effect of modified asphalt binder is studied, and the concentration of suspending agent is optimized. The artificial cemented core structure and injection method are improved to solve the problem of aggregated asphalt binder on the end face during injection. The displacement profile control experiment was carried out with artificial cores, and the matching relationship between the injected particle size of the asphalt binder and the permeability was determined, and the optimal injection amount was optimized for cores with different permeabilities. The research results show that adding a KCl (potassium chloride solution) solution with a concentration of 2% as a dispersant can exert a better dispersing effect on the asphalt binder. Through the plugging rate experiments of three types of asphalt binder, the profile control effect is determined as the best when the particle size of the asphalt binder is 0.06–0.1 mm. According to the experimental results, the experimental research on the injection concentration and profile control radius of the profile control agent system was carried out. Finally, it was determined that the injection concentration of 3500 mg/L and the profile control radius of 1/3–1/2 of the well spacing were the optimal injection parameters. The field application of a profile control agent provides experimental basis.
In Vitro Digestion and Fecal Fermentation of Polysaccharides from Hawthorn and Its Impacts on Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhou Kaixuan , Zhou Qian , Han Xue , Gao Zhe , Peng Ruyan , Lin Xuan , Cheng Xinlong , Zhao Wen
Published: September 2022

Polysaccharides are biological macromolecules that are difficult to absorb into intestinal epithelial cells for exerting activities, whereas the interaction between polysaccharides and gut microbiota might be an alternative method. This study aimed to explore the in vitro digestion of hawthorn polysaccharides (HPS) and their interaction with the gut microbiota. Results showed that the content of reducing sugars increased slightly during gastric digestion. However, no free monosaccharide was detected during the whole simulated digestion process, indicating that HPS was indigestible. The total carbohydrate residue decreased during in vitro fermentation. This result was due to the utilization by the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, short-chain fatty acids were produced due to the utilization of HPS. Notably, HPS could significantly modulate the composition of human gut microbiota; in particular, the relative abundances of Megasphaera, Acidaminococcus and Mitsuokella increased, whereas the relative abundances of Escherichia Shigella and Fusobacterium decreased. It was suggested that HPS could decrease the abundances of harmful intestinal microbiota and regulate the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract. Overall, the beneficial effects of HPS were believed to be related to the gut microbiota and could be used as a potential dietary supplement.
Virtual Voltage Vector-Based Model Predictive Current Control for Five-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Zhang Qingfei , Zhao Jinghong , Yan Sinian , Xiong Yiyong , Ma Yuanzheng , Chen Hansi
Published: September 2022

The high-performance control technology of multi-phase motors is a key technology for the application of multi-phase motors in many fields, such as electric transportation. The model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy has been extended to multi-phase systems due to its high dynamic performance. Model-predictive current control faces the problem that it cannot effectively regulate harmonic plane currents, and thus cannot obtain high-quality current waveforms because only one switching state is applied in a sampling period. To solve this problem, this paper uses the virtual vector-based MPCC to select the optimal virtual vector and apply it under the premise that the average value of the harmonic plane voltage in a single switching cycle is zero. Taking a five-phase induction motor as an example, the steady-state and dynamic performance of the proposed virtual vector MPCC and the traditional model predictive current control were simulated, respectively. Simulation results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving waveform quality while maintaining excellent dynamic performance.
Effects of Hysteresis on the Dynamic Deformation of Artificial Polymeric Heart Valve
Authors: Marwan Shahrul Hisyam , Todo Mitsugu
Published: September 2022

The deformation behavior of an artificial heart valve was analyzed using the explicit dynamic finite element method. Time variations of the left ventricle and the aortic pressure were considered as the mechanical boundary conditions in order to reproduce the opening and closing movements of the valve under the full cardiac cycle. The valve was assumed to be made from a medical polymer and hence, a hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model was assigned as the material model. A simple formula of the damage mechanics was also introduced into the theoretical material model to express the hysteresis response under the unloading state. Effects of the hysteresis on the valve deformation were characterized by the delay of response and the enlargement of displacement. Most importantly, the elastic vibration observed in the pure elastic response under the full close state was dramatically reduced by the conversion of a part of elastic energy to the dissipated energy due to hysteresis.
Integral Quantization for the Discrete Cylinder
Authors: Gazeau Jean-Pierre , Murenzi Romain
Published: September 2022

Covariant integral quantizations are based on the resolution of the identity by continuous or discrete families of normalized positive operator valued measures (POVM), which have appealing probabilistic content and which transform in a covariant way. One of their advantages is their ability to circumvent problems due to the presence of singularities in the classical models. In this paper, we implement covariant integral quantizations for systems whose phase space is Z×S1, i.e., for systems moving on the circle. The symmetry group of this phase space is the discrete & compact version of the Weyl–Heisenberg group, namely the central extension of the abelian group Z×SO(2). In this regard, the phase space is viewed as the right coset of the group with its center. The non-trivial unitary irreducible representation of this group, as acting on L2(S1), is square integrable on the phase space. We show how to derive corresponding covariant integral quantizations from (weight) functions on the phase space and resulting resolution of the identity. As particular cases of the latter we recover quantizations with de Bièvre-del Olmo–Gonzales and Kowalski–Rembielevski–Papaloucas coherent states on the circle. Another straightforward outcome of our approach is the Mukunda Wigner transform. We also look at the specific cases of coherent states built from shifted gaussians, Von Mises, Poisson, and Fejér kernels. Applications to stellar representations are in progress.