bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large granular lymphocytic leukaemia complicated with histiocytic sarcoma in a dog : clinical communication
Authors: Maruo T. , Namikawa K. , Kunihiro A. , Lynch J. , Shida T. , Kishikawa S.
Published: August 2012

A 10-year-old castrated male Golden retriever, weighing 36.3 kg was referred for evaluation owing to a decline in general condition. Findings from the complete blood count revealed a marked lymphocytosis (113 000/µℓ). Examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained films of peripheral blood revealed the presence of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Seventy-two per cent (81 360/µℓ) of the lymphocytes were found to be 12-17 µm in diameter, containing nuclei with mature clumped chromatin and abundant lightly basophilic cytoplasm with a variable number of fine azurophilic granules. Based on these findings this case was diagnosed as LGL leukaemia. As a result of multiple-agent chemotherapy, the markedly elevated levels of lymphocytes gradually decreased to 7500/µℓ on day 122 and the patient maintained a good quality of life for the following 3 months. However, on around day 237, a soft, raised, bosselated mass on the labial region was noted. The dog was diagnosed as having histiocytic sarcoma based on cytological and histological examination of the mass. Shortly after diagnosis, the dog developed sudden onset of central nervous system signs and died on day 270. A common outcome of canine LGL is the development of acute blast crisis or lymphoma. However, this case was notable for complication with histiocytic sarcoma from another origin.
Veterinary education in South Africa : the classes of 1936 & 1937 : historical communication
Authors: Bigalke R. D.
Published: August 2012

Concise descriptions are given of the varied life histories of the students of the classes of 1936 and 1937. Consisting of 14 students, the class of 1936 was the largest of the pre-war classes of the Onderstepoort Faculty. Three of the 6 students in the 1937 class were actually repeating their final year, therefore the total number described below is 17 rather than 20. The detailed analysis of their careers reveals the presence of a remarkable degree of variation. Although all except Brookes, who apparently went directly into the newly established practice of Jack Boswell, initially joined the local government service, most of them became specialists in their disciplines. Four soon established very successful private practices. Five of the 6 who spent their entire careers in the South African Veterinary (Field) Services, finally occupied very senior positions in that division. One of them (Kluge) made a major contribution to the control of tsetse flies in this country and another (Belonje) became a specialist in equine infertility. Four of the graduates opted for a research career, 3 of them also teaching at the Faculty. Of all of these, only De Boom (Anatomy Embryology), who was a consummate teacher, took on a fulltime position as Professor and Head of the Department when the Faculty became independent from the Onderstepoort Research Institute in 1973. De Lange (Surgery Gynaecology), however, relinquished his professorship to become a deputy director of the Institute. Sutton became a household name to the many students who passed through his hands in Animal Management. Haig (Virology) became one of the most famous of the many researchers produced by Onderstepoort. Van der Walt showed much promise as a researcher but died at the age of only 45. Two more died before they were 35 years old. Two had sons who also became veterinarians while one's grandson followed in his grandfather's and father's footsteps.
Dose-related effects of cerulein short infusions on proximal small bowel motility in sheep
Authors: Romanski K. W.
Published: August 2012

The effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) upon the intestinal motility has not been entirely explored in ruminants. The aim of this study was to examine the precise effects of CCK amphibian analogue, cerulein, on small-intestinal myoelectric activity in rams in the course of chronic experiments. Five rams underwent implantation of bipolar platinum electrodes to the duodenal bulb, the distal duodenum and jejunum. During continuous myoelectrical and motor recordings, 0.15 M NaCl or the various doses of cerulein were administered intravenously. Short infusions of the smallest dose of cerulein exerted a slight and mostly insignificant effect on the duodenal bulb and the duodenal myoelectric activity index (MAI) values. In the duodenal bulb, the effects of cerulein on myoelectric activity were dose-dependent and closely related to the phase of the MMC. In the duodenum, the higher doses of the hormone evoked short stimulatory response followed by longer inhibitory biphasic effects on MAI. These effects were inversely related to the duration of hormone injection. Infusions of hormones at the higher doses caused a less pronounced biphasic effect. It is concluded that cerulein exerts an inhibitory effect upon the myoelectric activity of the duodenal bulb and a strong stimulatory and inhibitory (biphasic) effect on duodenal motility in sheep.
The efficacy of a topically applied combination of cyphenothrin and pyriproxyfen against the southern African yellow dog tick, Haemaphysalis elliptica, and the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, on dogs
Authors: Fourie J. J. , Fourie L. J. , Horak I. G. , Snyman M. G.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic and residual efficacy of a topically applied combination of cyphenothrin (40 %) and pyriproxyfen (2 %) against the tick Haemaphysalis elliptica and the flea Ctenocephalides felis on dogs. Twelve dogs were infested with 50 ticks 2 days before they were treated and with approximately 100 fleas 6 days before treatment and again 2 days before treatment and with 50 ticks and approximately 100 fleas at weekly intervals thereafter. They were ranked according to their flea counts and sex 5 days before treatment and randomly allocated to an untreated control group of 6 dogs and a treated group of 6 dogs. Ticks and fleas were collected from the dogs 48 h after treatment and 48 h after each infestation and live and dead ticks and live fleas were counted. The counts of ticks and fleas were transformed to geometric means, and efficacy was calculated by comparing these means. The product had a therapeutic efficacy of 83.1 % against H. elliptica and 97.5 % against C. felis 2 days after treatment. The residual period of protection during which efficacy was ≥ 90 % was 5 weeks for both H. elliptica and C. felis.
First report of oligodendroglioma in a sheep : clinical communication
Authors: Derakhshanfar A. , Mozaffari A.A.
Published: August 2012

Oligodendrogliomas occur most commonly in the dog, but have also been reported in cattle, horses and cats. A 1-year-old sheep with neurological disturbances, including blindness, ataxia, circling and incoordination was referred to the veterinary clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. Following euthanasia and necropsy, a soft, relatively well-demarcated mass was observed in the white and grey matter of the right cerebral hemisphere, close to the sylvian fissure in the right cerebral hemisphere. Microscopic examination revealed a sheet of densely packed tumour cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, lightly staining cytoplasm and characteristic perinuclear halo effect which is consistent with a diagnosis of oligodendroglioma. This is the 1st report of oligodendroglioma in sheep.
A serological survey of antibodies to Leptospira species in dogs in South Africa
Authors: Roach J.M. , Van Vuuren M. , Picard J.A.
Published: August 2012

Leptospirosis, a disease more common in the tropics, can cause a life-threatening multisystemic syndrome in humans and animals. Immunity, whether natural or vaccine-induced, is serogroup-specific with the infecting serovars varying according to geographical locality. In South Africa, in spite of the fact that the bacterin vaccine for some Leptospira serovars is often used, there is no recent information on the incidence of canine leptospirosis as well as the infecting serovar/s. The aim of this study, which was undertaken on sera collected in 2008 and 2009 from both strays and owned dogs predominantly in the coastal regions of South Africa, was to determine the presence of leptospiral antibodies to 15 serovars known to infect dogs. Of the 530 samples tested, 25 tested positive to 7 different serovars with the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Nine of the 25 samples tested positive to more than one serovar. The 2 serovars most frequently represented were Canicola, which reacted to 17 sera, and Pyrogenes, which reacted to 10 sera. Currently the only vaccines available in South Africa in different combinations contain serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Grippotyphosa. The results showed that the use of vaccines containing serovar Canicola is still justifiable in certain regions of the country. However, the presence of antibodies to serovar Pyrogenes in several dogs, pending a broader investigation, indicates that this serovar should also be included in the range of Leptospira vaccines for use in South Africa.
Veterinary extension on sampling techniques related to heartwater research
Authors: Steyn H.C. , McCrindle C.M.E. , Du Toit D.
Published: August 2012

Heartwater, a tick-borne disease caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium, is considered to be a significant cause of mortality amongst domestic and wild ruminants in South Africa. The main vector is Amblyomma hebraeum and although previous epidemiological studies have outlined endemic areas based on mortalities, these have been limited by diagnostic methods which relied mainly on positive brain smears. The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) has a low specificity for heartwater organisms as it cross-reacts with some other species. Since the advent of biotechnology and genomics, molecular epidemiology has evolved using the methodology of traditional epidemiology coupled with the new molecular techniques. A new quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test has been developed for rapid and accurate diagnosis of heartwater in the live animal. This method can also be used to survey populations of A. hebraeum ticks for heartwater. Sampling whole blood and ticks for this qPCR differs from routine serum sampling, which is used for many serological tests. Veterinary field staff, particularly animal health technicians, are involved in surveillance and monitoring of controlled and other diseases of animals in South Africa. However, it was found that the sampling of whole blood was not done correctly, probably because it is a new sampling technique specific for new technology, where the heartwater organism is much more labile than the serum antibodies required for other tests. This qPCR technique is highly sensitive and can diagnose heartwater in the living animal within 2 hours, in time to treat it. Poor sampling techniques that decrease the sensitivity of the test will, however, result in a false negative diagnosis. This paper describes the development of a skills training programme for para-veterinary field staff, to facilitate research into the molecular epidemiology of heartwater in ruminants and eliminate any sampling bias due to collection errors. Humane handling techniques were also included in the training, in line with the current focus on improved livestock welfare.
Mycobacterium spp. in naturally infected game meat and organs
Authors: Wiwanitkit V.
Published: August 2012

None
Evaluation of the effects of long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples on the ability of 2 diagnostic assays to identify calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus
Authors: Khan F. , Vorster J. H. , Van Vuuren M. , Mapham P.
Published: August 2012

Research aimed at optimising diagnostic laboratory procedures is central to the development of effective bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control programmes. BVDV is a singlestranded RNA virus that crosses the placenta to infect foetuses, resulting in reproductive losses due to foetal death or persistently infected calves that die early in life. Persistently infected animals are widely accepted to be the primary reservoir of BVDV and the largest source of infection. This poses important challenges to overall animal/herd health and can cause major losses to the cattle industry. Long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples from calves persistently infected with BVDV may adversely affect the ability of diagnostic assays to detect the virus efficiently. In order to test this hypothesis, ear notch samples from 7 animals were divided into 2 groups. One set was subjected to prompt formalin fixation and the other set stored either as fresh samples without preservatives at –2 °C, or soaked overnight in phosphate buffered saline followed by freezing of the supernatant fluid at –2 °C. Frozen ear notches and ear notch supernatant yielded positive results with an antigen- capture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) for the duration of the study (6 months) and optical density (OD) values remained significantly within range. There was no significant difference between storing fresh ear notch samples or PBS at –2 °C. However, positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on formalin fixed ear notches started to fade between Day 17 and Day 29 when stored at room temperature. It was concluded that fresh ear notches could safely be stored at –2 °C for a period of 6 months prior to testing for BVD viral antigens.
A serological survey for infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in free-range village chickens in northern Tanzania
Authors: Swai E. S. , Kessy M. J. , Sanka P. N. , Mtui P. F.
Published: August 2012

A study of infectious bursal disease (IBD) or ‘Gumboro disease’ seroprevalence rates in healthy, non-vaccinated indigenous scavenging chickens in northern Tanzania was conducted in November and December 2009 on 362 chickens raised in a traditional management system. Individual bird and flock-level information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and serum samples were screened for IBD virus (IBDV) antibodies using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study revealed high rates of IBDV antibodies, yielding an overall seropositive rate of 58.8 % and with at least one positive bird detected in 82.8 % (74/90) of flocks. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that seropositivity to IBDV varied significantly (χ2 = 16.1, P 0.001) between the study sites. The flock seroprevalence was found to vary from 37.5 % to 91 % between districts and from 75%to 90%between regions. The results of this study showed that IBD is an endemic and widely distributed disease in northern Tanzania.
The effect of unrestricted milk feeding on the growth and health of Jersey calves
Authors: Uys J. L. , Lourens D. C. , Thompson P. N.
Published: August 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding high milk volumes on the growth rate, health and cross-sucking behaviour in group-fed Jersey calves. Three-day-old heifers (n = 120) in a seasonal calving dairy herd were randomly assigned to one of 6 treatment groups. Three groups received high milk volumes (HMV), consisting of ad libitum milk or milk replacer feeding twice a day, while 3 groups received restricted milk volumes (RMV), consisting of 2 twice daily, during the pre-weaning period. After a pre-weaning period during which feeding was reduced to once daily, all calves were weaned at 42 days and monitored until 60 days of age.Adjusting for birth mass, birth date,damparity and sire, average daily mass gain (ADG), both pre-weaning (days 0–42) and overall (days 0–60), was higher inHMVthan inRMVcalves (P0.001).After weaning, growth rates showed no differences and at 60 days of age the HMV calves maintained a 6.74 kg advantage in mean body mass (P 0.001). The mean intake of dry starter feed was higher in RMV than in HMVcalves. Overall feed conversion rate ofHMVcalves was 9.6%better thanRMVcalves. However, the variable cost per kg mass gain was 12 % higher for HMV calves. In the RMV groups 75 % of calves showed cross-sucking behaviour pre-weaning and 18 % post-weaning, whereas in HMV calves the proportions were 2 % and 7 %, respectively. There was no significant effect of milk volume on the incidence of diarrhoea.We conclude that the feeding of high volumes of milk to Jersey calves has a positive effect on growth rate, without compromising health or reducing solid feed intake after weaning. However, the higher cost of such a feeding system may limit its implementation.
Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and B. canis in household dogs in southwestern Nigeria: a preliminary report
Authors: Cadmus S. I. B. , Adesokan H. K. , Ajala O. O. , Odetokun W. O. , Perrett L. L. , Stack J. A.
Published: August 2012

A preliminary serological study of 366 household dogs in Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to determine antibodies due to exposure to Brucella abortus and B. canis, using the rose bengal test (RBT) and the rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test, respectively. Results showed that 5.46 % (20/366) and 0.27 % (1/366) of the dogs screened were seropositive to B. abortus and B. canis, respectively.Of all dogs, 36 had a history of being fed foetuses from cows and 11 (30.6 %) of these tested positive in the RBT. Our findings, although based on a limited sample size and a dearth of clinical details, revealed that dogs in Nigeria may be infected with Brucella spp. given the wide range of risk factors. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the epidemiology of brucellosis in dogs and its possible zoonotic consequences in the country.
Should veterinarians consider acrylamide that potentially occurs in starch-rich foodstuffs as a neurotoxin in dogs?
Authors: Le Roux-Pullen L. , Lessing D.
Published: August 2012

Three clinically healthy Labrador puppies developed ataxia, hypermetria and convulsions shortly after eating the burnt crust of maize porridge. Two of the puppies died. Acrylamide toxicity was considered based on the history of all 3 puppies developing nervous signs after being exposed to a starch-based foodstuff that was subjected to high temperature during preparation. Acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity is thought to partially result from a distal axonopathy.
Pathology and immunohistochemistry of papillomavirus-associated cutaneous lesions in Cape mountain zebra, giraffe, sable antelope and African buffalo in South Africa
Authors: Williams J. H. , Van Dyk E. , Nel P. J. , Lane E. , Van Wilpe E. , Bengis R. G. , De Klerk-Lorist L-M. , Van Heerden J.
Published: August 2012

Skin lesions associated with papillomaviruses have been reported in many animal species and man. Bovine papillomavirus (BVP) affects mainly the epidermis, but also the dermis in several species including bovine, the best-known example being equine sarcoid, which is associated with BVP types 1 and 2. This publication describes and illustrates the macroscopic and histological appearance of BPV-associated papillomatous, fibropapillomatous or sarcoid-like lesions in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) from the Gariep Dam Nature Reserve, 2 giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) from the Kruger National Park, and a sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) from the Kimberley area of South Africa. An African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) cow from Kruger National Park also had papillomatous lesions but molecular characterisation of lesional virus was not done. Immunohistochemical staining using polyclonal rabbit antiserum to chemically disrupted BPV-1, which cross-reacts with the L1 capsid of most known papillomaviruses, was positive in cells of the stratum granulosum of lesions in Giraffe 1, the sable and the buffalo and negative in those of the zebra and Giraffe 2. Fibropapillomatous and sarcoid-like lesions from an adult bovine were used as positive control for the immunohistochemistry and are described and the immunohistochemistry illustrated for comparison. Macroscopically, both adult female giraffe had severely thickened multifocal to coalescing nodular and occasionally ulcerated lesions of the head, neck and trunk with local poorly-circumscribed invasion into the subcutis. Necropsy performed on the 2nd giraffe revealed neither internal metastases nor serious underlying disease. Giraffe 1 had scattered, and Giraffe 2 numerous, large, anaplastic, at times indistinctly multinucleated dermal fibroblasts with bizarre nuclei within the sarcoid-like lesions, which were BPV-1 positive in Giraffe 1 and BPV-1 and -2 positive in Giraffe 2 by RT-PCR. The sable antelope presented with a solitary large lesion just proximal to the right hind hoof, which recurred after excision, and was BPV-1 positive by RT-PCR. Other wart-like growths were present elsewhere on the body. The Cape mountain zebra either succumbed from their massive lesions or were euthanased or removed from the herd because of them. The lesions wereBPV-1 and/or -2 positive byRT-PCR. The buffalo lesions were wart-like papillomatous projections in the inguinal and udder region. Stratum granulosum cells that stained immunohistochemically positive in the various species appeared koilocyte-like, as described in human papillomaviral lesions.
Diagnostic imaging of migrating kebab (sosatie) sticks – a review of 8 cases
Authors: Stander N. , Kirberger R. M.
Published: August 2012

Complications related to extraluminal migration of ingested kebab (sosatie) sticks are infrequently diagnosed in small animals. A total of 8 cases diagnosed with extragastric migration of ingested kebab sticks were retrospectively evaluated. No significant breed or sex predilection was found but there was a tendency for animals to present at a younger age (less than 3 years). Clinical signs (of variable duration) were non-specific and included haemoptysis, abdominal pain, regurgitation, subcutaneous abscessation and chronic draining sinus tracts, making a clinical diagnosis difficult. Ultrasonography proved invaluable in facilitating the diagnosis of kebab stick migration in 6 of the cases and computed tomography unexpectedly identified a kebab stick that had migrated into the thorax in 1 patient. Survey radiography was generally found to be insensitive in identifying the kebab sticks. The aim of this article is to alert veterinarians to a clinical syndrome that may not be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with non-specific inflammatory disease of the thorax, abdomen or pelvic regions and to illustrate the usefulness of the various diagnostic imaging modalities in facilitating a diagnosis of kebab stick ingestion and its possible secondary complications.
The Equine Distal Limb. An Atlas of Clinical Anatomy and Comparative Imaging (7th impression), J-M. Denoix : book review
Authors: Gottschalk R.
Published: August 2012

Originally published in 2000, this 7th impression is testimony to the ongoing relevance of a classical reference 11 years after its original publication. The book is authored by Jean-Marie Denoix who is well known in South Africa, having been the main speaker at an annual SAEVA congress. He is internationally recognised as a leading equine anatomist and diagnostic imager.
Birds of the Tsitsikamma Forest and Coastal National Park, 1966
Authors: Skead C. J. , Liversidge B.Sc., R.
Published: August 2012

Birds of the Tsitsikamma Forest and Coastal National Park, 1966
The ants of our National Parks
Authors: Prins A. J.
Published: August 2012

The ants of our National Parks
Cerambycidae from the Kruger National Park
Authors: Ferreira G. Da Veiga
Published: August 2012

This paper is based on the material collected by Dr. L. VARI and callaborators, in the Kruger National Park. All the specimens belong to the collections of the Transvaal Museum.
A revised list of the birds of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam
Authors: Winterbottom Professor J. M.
Published: August 2012

A revised list of the birds of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam
The field-immobilization and capture of Hippopotami (Hippopotamus Amphibius Linnaeus) in their aquatic element
Authors: Pienaar Ph.D, U. De V.
Published: August 2012

The field-immobilization and capture of Hippopotami (Hippopotamus Amphibius Linnaeus) in their aquatic element
Bird denseties in coastal Renosterbosveld of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam, Cape Province
Authors: Winterbottom J. M.
Published: August 2012

Bird denseties in coastal Renosterbosveld of the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam, Cape Province
Field observation on lizards (Scincidae: Mabuya) in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Authors: Brain C. K.
Published: August 2012

Field observation on lizards (Scincidae: Mabuya) in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
The vegitation of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Authors: Roberts B. R.
Published: August 2012

The vegitation of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Herkoms van die naam Pretoriuskop
Authors: Lombaard B. V.
Published: August 2012

Herkoms van die naam Pretoriuskop
A supplementary check-list of birds recorded in the Addo Elephant National Park
Authors: Penzhorn B.L. , Morris Alan K.
Published: August 2012

A supplementary check-list of birds recorded in the Addo Elephant National Park
Notes on the small mammals of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Authors: Rautenbach I. L.
Published: August 2012

Notes on the small mammals of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
A summary of the re-introduction of ungulates into South African National Parks (to 31 December 1970)
Authors: Penzhorn B. L.
Published: August 2012

In an attempt to approximate the original wildlife composition in areas proclaimed as national parks, re-introductions of ungulates have taken place. This is discussed briefly.
Ecological adaptations of Kruger National Park sgop.pionids (Arachnida: Scorpionides)
Authors: Newlands G
Published: August 2012

The morphology ofscorpionids is greatly influenced by the ecological background. In the Kruger National Park, scorpions occupy various basic habitat types and accordingly afford suitable material for the study of ecological adaptations which are discussed in this paper.
Geologie van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park
Authors: Toerien D. K
Published: August 2012

Die geologie van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park word behandel. Die topografie en dreinering word bespreek en gevolg deur 'n kort behandeling van die Serie Beaufort (asook doleriet intrusies) soos dit in die Park voorkom.

The geology of the Mountain Zebra National Park is dealt with. The topography and drainage is discussed, followed by a brief discussion of the Beaufort Series (and dolerite intrusion), as it occurs in the Park.
Slaapbewegings by die blare van die Suid-Afrikaanse Acacia-spesies
Authors: Robbertse P. J
Published: August 2012

Die blare van al die Suid-Afrikaanse spesies van die genus Acacia wat ondersoek is voer slaapbewegings uit. Die moontlike meganisme van die slaapbewegings en die moontlike taksonomiese waarde daarvan word bespreek. The leaves of all the South African species of the genus Acacia show the phenomenon of nocturnal movements. The possible mechanism of the nocturnal movements and its possible taxonomic value are being discussed.
A new Bat record for the Kruger National Park
Authors: Pienaar U De V
Published: August 2012

The first record of the Midas bat, Tadarida (Mops} midas midas (Sundevall), a large, tropical species of free-tailed bat, is noted from the vicinity of Skukuza, and it is also the first specimen of this species for South Africa.
A survey of selected bacteriological infections of the Chacma Baboon Papio Ursinus from the Kruger National Park
Authors: De Vos V. , Van Niekerk G.A.W.J. , McConell E.E.
Published: August 2012

An absence of bacterial pathogens and zoonosesemerged as the salient feature in a bacteriological survey ofchacma baboons from the Kruger National Park. Totals varyingfrom 100 to 178 baboons were assayed for salmonellosis, shigel-losis, tuberculosis, brucellosis and leptospirosis. It is conjecturedthat with Kruger National Park baboons, the abovementionedpathogens are not expected to complicate handling proceduresor experimentation, provided a clean or pathogen-free environment is maintained from the day of capture onwards.
Notes on rumen contents of Cape Buffalo Syncerus Caffer in the Addo Elephant National Park
Authors: De Graaf G. , Schultz K.C.A. , Van der Waet P.T.
Published: August 2012

The oesophagus and rumen contents of 18 Capebuffalo that died during the 1969/70 drought in the Addo Elephant National Park near Port Elizabeth were analysedand are discussed as regards a description, based on quantitativedata, of the main vegetation types in the Park. Notes on plantspecies that were observed being utilised by buffalo are also given.
Notes on early Post-Natal development of the Namaqua Gerbil Desmodillus Auricularis
Authors: Nel J.A.J. , Stutterheim C.J.
Published: August 2012

Early post-natal development is discussed of fivelitters of Desmodillus auricularis born in captivity. Litter sizeranged from one to three, with a mean of two. Nipple-clingingwas absent and young developed slowly, with eyes opening onday 22 and weaning occurring on day 33.
A retractable barb needle for drug darts
Authors: Van Rooyen G.L. , De Beer P.J.
Published: August 2012

The mechanism and action of a new retractable barbneedle for drug darts are described. This dart needle is particularly successful in obviating unnecessary flight reactions andtrauma in darted animals, and facilitates the complete injection of the drug dose before the barb is retracted and the dart is dislogded from the animal. The whole process is completed within a few seconds and the expended dart can usually be retrieved in the immediate vicinity where the animal was darted.
Xylazine Hydrochloride (Rompun) and the new retractable-barbed dart ("drop-out" dart) for the capture of some nervous and aggressive antelope species
Authors: Smuts G.L.
Published: August 2012

he successful capture and restraint of gemsbok, eland and kudu using the potent sedative, Xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun, Bayer) and the new retractable-barbed dart ("drop-out" dart) is described. These species were rapidly immobilized and rendered 100 per cent tractable by Etorphine/Rompun or Fentanyl/Rompun drug combinations. The drop-out dart proved to be invaluable for the capture of timid species as flight distances were greatly reduced and the chances of capture myopathy (overstraining disease) subsequently obviated.
A summary of preliminary findings in a rumen microbiological investigation on wild ruminants
Authors: Van Gylswyk N.O. , Giesecke D.
Published: August 2012

A study was made of numbers of total culturable and cellulolytic bacteria and microbial activity in rumen ingesta from different species of wild ruminants. These and several other criteria were examined to detect possible differences in the digestive physiology between strict grazers and species which fed largely on plant material other than grass.
A new bird record for the Kruger National Park
Authors: Joubert S.C.J. , English M.
Published: August 2012

The wealth of birdlife in the Kruger National Park has long been an attraction to scientists and laymen alike. Col. J. Stevenson-Hamilton, warden of the Park for over 40 years, kept careful note of the birds. The first authentic checklist and distribution records of birds of the Park was compiled by Col. M. Rowland-Jones in the 1940's.
The influence of the African Elephant on the vegetation of the Addo Elephant National Park
Authors: Penzhorn B.L. , Robbertse P.J. , Olivier Maria C.
Published: August 2012

An increasing elephant Loxodonta africana population has been confined to a 2 770 ha enclosure since 1954. When compared to the vegetation adjacent to the enclosure, the plant biomass within has been reduced by more than one half. Changes in the botanical composition are described.
Three new species of Acutitornus from the Kalahari
Authors: Janse D.Sc. A. J. T.
Published: August 2012

Three new species of Acutitornus from the Kalahari
Some ancient and recent observations on Hyaenas
Authors: Hughes Alun R.
Published: August 2012

Some ancient and recent observations on Hyaenas
Verslag insake voorlopige ondersoek rakende toestande in die Nasionale Kalahari-Gemsbokpark
Authors: Brynard A. M.
Published: August 2012

'n Algemene oorsig oor die geologie van die Kalaharistreek. Hoofsaaklik volgens Du Toit (1939).
Some aspects of the history and population ecology of the tsessebe damaliscus lunatus lunatus in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Joubert S.C.J. , Bronkhorst P.J.L.
Published: August 2012

The population trends and distribution of the tsessebe population of the Kruger National Park are evaluated in terms of the available data derived from records compiled in the developmental history of the Kruger National Park (KNP). The recent numerical status of the population is also given. A description of the habitats favoured by tsessebe in the KNP is presented as well as an analysis of the age structure and sex-ratio of the population. Aspects of the social organisation of tsessebe affecting the interpretation of the age structure and sex-ratio phenomena of the population, are also discussed.
Behaviour and recruitment of translocated black rhinoceros diceros bicornis
Authors: Hall-Martin A.J. , Penzhorn L.
Published: August 2012

Black rhinoceros were translocated to the Addo Ele- phant National Park from Kenya and released into a small fenced enclosure. Serious fighting attributed to the conditions under which the animals were released, the unusually high population density, the meeting of strange animals, aggression associated with mating and individual temperament resulted in the deaths of three animals within three weeks. Later fighting between bulls accounted for two more animals. A peak in mating activity was recorded during spring to mid-summer, followed by a peak calving period in late summer. The calving interval (35 months) is longer than that of unrestricted populations but ages at first mating in cows (4 years 6 months, 4 years 7 months) are comparable. First parturition at Addo occurs later (8 years, 8 years 5 months) than in wild animals and the young are hidden for the first few days after birth. Under conditions of stress a subadult bull readily took to swimming as a means of escaping from other animals.
Gullela Barnardi van Bruggen, 1965 (mollusca, pulmonata: streptaxidae). A new record from the Kruger National Park
Authors: Sirgel W. F.
Published: August 2012

Several specimens of molluscs, collected in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, were received by the author for identification. These molluscs were collected by U. de V. Pienaar on 1976.12.18. The locality was given as Khandizwe 2531 Ad.
A note on the re-introduction of grey rhebuck pelea capreolus to the Addo Elephant National Park
Authors: Penzhorn B.L.
Published: August 2012

It is the policy of the National Parks Board to attempt to approximate as closely as possible the original wildlife spectrum in every national park wherever practical. Large scale re-introductions of ungulates have taken place, but in most cases there was no accurate documentation of the numbers, sex and sometimes even of the source of the re-introduced animals.
Toevoegings tot die blomplantlys van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park
Authors: Penzhorn B.L.
Published: August 2012

Additions to the check list of flowering plants of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Thirteen additional flowering plant species are reported from the Mountain Zebra National Park, increasing the total reported to 371 species.
Preliminary notes on the mammals of the Bontebok National Park
Authors: Stuart C.T. , Braak H.H.
Published: August 2012

A check-list of the mammals known to occur in the Bontebok National Park, Republic of South Africa, is presented, including general observations.
A case of inbreeding in the African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Reich A.
Published: August 2012

An observed case of inbreeding in a pack ot wild dogs Lycaon pictus in the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa, provides evidence for the phenomenon of dominance reversal in this species. This is believed to be the first recorded instance of inbreeding in Lycaon. Emigration of subordinate females from established packs of wild dogs has been documented in the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area in northern Tanzania, as well as in the Kruger National Park. However, the newly subordinate (ex-dominant) female in the pack in which inbreeding has occurred has not emigrated in the 16 months since the change in her status. A possible explanation for this behaviour is given. As a result of this reversal, the pack contains at least two females capable of breeding, the subordinate of which is at least two years older than the dominant. This is considered the first record of such a breeding structure in Lycaon.
Social interactions of black-backed jackals canis mesomelas in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Authors: Ferguson J.W.H.
Published: August 2012

Social interactions among black-backed jackals are recognised as amicable, agonistic and aggressive. Allogrooming within a jackal pair is common, and a fixed "greeting" ceremony takes place between the pair members. Agonistic postures are well-developed, and closely follow the typical canine pattern, with minor characteristics specific to black-backed jackals. A behaviour pattern which is apparently rare in canines, is described - the submissive animal rests its forelegs on the rump of the dominant. Body-slamming is common. Occasionally submissive animals hide in order to avoid interactions with dominant ones. Submission is not stereo-typed, but is graded into a number of steps. It would appear that the intensity of submissive postures is at least in part determined bv the degree of dominance of the superior animal Black-backed jackals have a well-developed social life.
A new potent analgesic for chemical immobilization of gemsbok oryx gazella gazella
Authors: De Vos V.
Published: August 2012

The successful chemical immobilization of gemsbok Oryx gazella gazella with a new potent analgesic, R33799 (Janssen Pharmaceutica), and the major sedative xylazine hydro-chloride (Rompun; Bayer) is described. Evidence, which is presented, show that the R33799 - xylazine mixture is an improvement over previously used drug mixtures for the immobilization of gemsbok. The following optimal dosage rates and application are recommended: 10-20 ug R33 799 per kg + 100 ug xylazine per kg deep intra-muscularly. It is concluded that with the use of the above-mentioned drug mixtures and deposition site, almost predictable short induction periods of about 5 minutes or less can be achieved. High dosage levels of xylazine was found to produce a delayed or persistent somnolent state which has the disadvantage of a long and hazardous recovery phase, especially in predator prone surroundings. Results show that the action of R33799 could be effectively reversed with the usual morphine antagonists. Propionylpromazine (Combelen; Bayer) was found to be a useful post-capture tranquilizer.
Some trends in the evolution of the chromosomes in the Bovidae
Authors: Wallace C
Published: August 2012

A survey of the chromosome status of all members of the family Bovidae (60 species) studied to date is described. A special mention is made of chromosome studies in bovids in the Kruger National Park. A tentative course of chromosomal status is outlined.
Nephritis associated with Actinobacillus Equuli in the Cape Mountain Zebra
Authors: Bath G. F
Published: August 2012

In post mortem examinations conducted on four Cape mountain zebra Equus Zebra Zebra, nephritis was suspected of being a major contributary factor or the direct cause of death.
An updated list of birds of the Bontebok National Park
Authors: Baron S. T
Published: August 2012

A revised list of birds in the Bontebok National Park is given, augmented with data on habitat preferences and seasonal occurrence.
Records of Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) feeding on Amphibia, with A new record from the Kruger National Park
Authors: Braack H. H , Davidson I. H , Ledger J. A , Lewis D. J
Published: August 2012

An early record of a sandfly feeding on an amphibian is that of Hewlett (1913, Indian J. med. Res. 1: 34-38) who wrote "I have twice seen a sandfly apparently biting the head of the common toad Bufo melanostictus".
Die invloed van veldbrand op bewegingspatrone van Wildsbokke in die Golden Gate- Hoogland Nasionale Park
Authors: Van der Walt P. T , Van Zyl L. J
Published: August 2012

Die reaksie van die belangrikste boksoorte in die Golden Gate-Hoogland Nasionale Park ten opsigte van die benutting van gebrande veld is nagegaan. Dit toon dat 'n brandprogram soos dit deur die landbou- owerhede voorgeskryf word vir die suurvelddele, 'n voordelige veldbestuursmaatreel in 'n nasionale park kan wees waar van die ander bekende praktyke nie toegepas behoort te word nie.

The reactions of the more prominent ungulates in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park with regard to their utilization of burned veld were traced. The indications are that a burning programme, as advocated by the agricultural authorities for sourveld regions could be of great benefit to effective veld management in a national park where some of the more familiar practices should not be implemented.
Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic determinants of sprint performance in some diurnal Kalahari Lizards
Authors: Huey R. B
Published: August 2012

Sprint capacities (maximum speed, acceleration, stride length, stride frequency) of diurnal lizards from the Kalahari were measured on sandy substrates in the laboratory. Despite major interfamilial differences in body sizes and in body proportions, measures of sprint capacity were remarkably similar among families: some heavy bodied skinks ran as fast as did some sleek lacertids. Sprint capacities change during ontogeny in lizards. Maximum speed, stride length, and possibly acceleration all increase with size and presumably with age.
A new mammal record (soricidae) for the Addo Elephant National Park, with notes on additional species which may be expected to occur
Authors: Swanepoel Pierre , Branch W
Published: August 2012

In a paper on the small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park (AENP), Swanepoel (1975, Koedoe 18: 103-130) listed 40 species (10 orders, 19 families) of mammals occurring in the Park. Results of De Graaff & Nel (1970, Koedoe 13: 147- 149), were incorporated and discussed where relevant. However, those from De Graaff (1974, Koedoe 17: 173-183) were not available at the time.
Index to Authors
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: August 2012

Index to Koedoe volumes 1-25
On some butterflies of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, with descriptions of three new forms
Authors: Van Son G.
Published: August 2012

On some butterflies of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, with descriptions of three new forms
Notes on the vegetation of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park with special reference to its influence on the distribution of Antelopes
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: August 2012

Published with the permission of the Secretary for Agriculture.
Juvenile survival and population structure of blue wildebeest and warthogs in the Central Region of the Kruger National Park during the mid-summer drought of 1988/89
Authors: Mason D.R.
Published: August 2012

The survey was undertaken to investigate juvenile survival and population structure of blue wildebeest and warthogs during a mid-summer drought, and to gain sup- plementary data for a longer-term population monitoring programme. The per- centage of adult wildebeest cows with juveniles was lower than normal for the time, but was not commensurate with a sharp decline in the population. Warthogs did not tolerate the drought as well as wildebeest and experienced a larger reduction in juvenile recruitment, albeit much less than the 80-90 losses of piglets recorded in the more severe drought of late 1982.
Food preferences of oribi Ourebia ourebi in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Authors: Reilly B.K. , Theron G.K. , Bothma J. Du P.
Published: August 2012

During a two-year study on the ecology of oribi Ourebia ourebi (Zimmermann, 1783) in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, plant species fed on by oribi were noted. The oribi fed on a total of 22 plant species. Feeding preference categories were assigned according to the degree of use of different plant species, based on direct observation and on a preference rating. The oribi in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park showed a seasonal variation in feeding preferences, utilising several species of forbs primarily during the summer and a marked dif-ference between per cent frequency utilisation of plant species and actual preference rating according to availability of species and for certain plant parts, e.g. for Sporobolus centrifugus.
Landsat-based remapping of the south-western Kalahari
Authors: Bothma J. Du P. , Swart D.R.
Published: August 2012

Landsat-4 remote sensing is used to construct distortion-free maps of the almost trackless southern Kalahari Desert. These maps show the geography of natural pans, riverbeds and artificial water holes, and are improved versions of previous maps. The maps are essential for ecological and ethological studies and for the overall management of the area.
Another reptile translocation to a national park
Authors: Branch W.R. , Braack H.H.
Published: August 2012

On 4 May 1988 a sub-adult (50 mm snout-vent length, 42 mm tail) Jones' girdled lizard Cordylus tropidosternum jonesi was collected in a pile of wood being off-loaded at the new restcamp in the Karoo National Park, Beaufort West. The wood had been transported by lorry from the Kruger National Park. The specimen is deposited in the herpetological collection of the Port Elizabeth Museum (PEM R 4584). Jones' girdled lizard is a small, arboreal cordylid that shelters under tree bark and in hollow logs. It is common and widely-distributed in the Kruger National Park (Pienaar, Haacke & Jacobsen 1983, The Reptiles of the Kruger National Park, 3rd edition. Pretoria: National Parks Board) and adjacent lowveld, being replaced in northern Zimbabwe and East Africa by the nominate race. Hewitt & Power (1913, Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 3: 147-176, 1913) reported a similar translocation of the species to Kimberley in association with timber brought to the diamond mining camps. One of us noted recently the ease and danger of the unwitting spread of commensal reptile species into conservation areas (Branch 1978, Koedoe 30: 165), and this is confirmed by this additional example. We recommend that should similar shipments of wood be considered essential, then they be fumigated to prevent the translocation of other alien organisms that may potentially have more dangerous consequences.
Striped weasel, Poecilogale albinucha, recorded from the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park
Authors: Stuart C.T. , Stuart M.D.
Published: August 2012

listed the mammalian carnivores occurring in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. None
Dorylaimoidea (Nematoda) from rivers in the Kruger National Park
Authors: Botha Annelize , Heyns J.
Published: August 2012

This paper deals with nematodes from rivers in the Kruger National Park. Three new species are described, viz. Dorylaimus deaconi n.sp., Laimydorus olifanti n.sp. and Aporcelaimellus glandus n.sp. Lenonchium fimbricaudatum Swart & Heyns, 1991, Aporcelaimellus micropunctatus Botha & Heyns, 1990, Discolaimus monoplanus Heyns, 1963, Discolaimus major Thome, 1939 and Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953 have been recorded from the park before. Biometric data of the new populations are tabulated, and where appropriate illustrations are also given.