bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Effectiveness and Utilization of Health Promotion Initiatives in Saudi Arabia: Insights and Recommendations
Authors: Alenzi Ebtihag O. , Alqahtani Wasan Ibrahim , Altwegri Milan Adeeb , Alhelal Sadeem Mobark , Alyami Wadha Ahmad , Almohana Danah Mohana , Aldrees Reem Rashed , Alnashar Rona Shagran , Almugizel Batool Hussain , Alshabanat Noura Mohammed , Alzahrani Ghada Ali , Hassanein Nouran Ehab , Elkouny Roaa , Fawzy Manal S.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Numerous national programs have been launched to enhance public health in Saudi Arabia, primarily aiming to promote healthy lifestyles through regular physical activity and a balanced diet. However, there is a lack of studies assessing the effectiveness and utilization of these initiatives. This study aimed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness and utilization of health promotion initiatives and identify the associated factors. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (aged > 18 years) in Saudi Arabia using an online questionnaire through a convenient sampling approach. The questionnaire comprised three sections: sociodemographic data, medical history, and health promotion initiatives. An adjusted analysis was conducted using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Results: A total of 999 participants completed the survey. Walking paths emerged as the most perceived effective initiative, while labeled caloric menus were the most utilized. Perceptions of walking paths varied by age and health status; individuals aged 25–44 and lower-income groups viewed them less favorably. In contrast, those in good health found them more effective. Perceptions of calorie-related information on menus differed according to health status. Saudis perceived taxes on soft drinks less favorably than non-Saudis. Regionally, the western region favored fresh juice options compared to the East. The utilization of walking paths was higher among married individuals and those without chronic conditions, while the consumption of soft drinks was significant among younger and extremely obese individuals. Conclusions: The study revealed diverse perceptions and utilization patterns regarding health promotion initiatives among various demographic and socioeconomic groups, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies to enhance their effectiveness across populations.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Dynamic High-Resolution Ultrasonography in Assessing Anterior Disc Displacement in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Kaili , Li Chenyang , Zhou Jinbo , Ren Jiayin , You Meng
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of dynamic high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) in detecting anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: A total of 144 TMJs was categorized into three groups according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, which served as the reference standard: the normal disc position (NDP) group, the ADDWR group, and the ADDWoR group. Static images of the TMJ in full opening and maximum intercuspal positions, along with dynamic sequences during jaw opening, were obtained utilizing a 14 MHz L-shaped linear array transducer. The diagnostic efficacy of dynamic HRUS for identifying ADDWR and ADDWoR was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the Youden index. Results: According to the MRI findings, the NDP, ADDWR, and ADDWoR groups consisted of 42 (29.2%), 47 (32.6%), and 55 (38.2%) TMJs, respectively. HRUS data revealed 54 TMJs (37.5%) in the NDP group, 26 TMJs (18.1%) in the ADDWR group, and 64 TMJs (44.4%) in the ADDWoR group. With MRI as the reference standard, HRUS exhibited a diagnostic accuracy of 71.4%, sensitivity of 51.4%, and specificity of 91.4% for ADDWR. For the ADDWoR, HRUS attained a diagnostic accuracy of 86.5%, sensitivity of 90.0%, and specificity of 82.1%. Conclusions: With MRI serving as the reference standard, dynamic HRUS has high diagnostic value for ADDWoR, with better diagnostic accuracy than ADDWR. Ultrasonography has the potential to be used as a highly effective and non-invasive imaging modality for the early screening of ADD in future clinical practice.
Emergency Services During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Gender Comparison of Burnout Risk and Personality Traits in the Kharkiv City Sample
Authors: Zavgorodnii Igor , Thielmann Beatrice , Litovchenko Olena , Zabashta Victor , Kapustnyk Valerij , Schwarze Robin , Böckelmann Irina
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented unique challenges to the health-care system and prehospital emergency medical services. An increasing prevalence of burnout has been described, which in turn is associated with mental illness. The aim of this paper was to evaluate burnout through a sex comparison and to analyze associations of burnout with personality traits during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: Eighty-eight emergency physicians and field shearers of Kharkiv City (Ukraine) emergency medical services (52% women) participated in the quantitative cross-sectional study. In addition to sociodemographic and occupational data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Freiburg Personality Inventory (FPI) were applied and analyzed in the sex comparison. Correlation analyses were performed to describe the relationships between the MBI dimensions and FPI traits. Results: The average age of the respondents was 35.1 ± 13.5 years. The prevalence of burnout during the pandemic was 6.5% in women and 2.4% in men. Only the scores on the MBI dimension cynicism were significantly (p = 0.027) higher in women than in men. Two personality traits differed between sexes: inhibition and male/female self-reports. Predominantly moderate correlations were found between the FPI traits and the MBI dimensions. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of burnout in this occupational group during the pandemic was similar to prepandemic figures reported in the literature, more than half of the male and female paramedics showed average-to-high scores on the three MBI dimensions. Because burnout is associated with other mental illnesses and prolonged incapacity, workplace-based interventions should be implemented.
Development and Educational Effectiveness of a Mixed Reality (MR) Program to Support Clinical Judgment in the Observation of Postoperative Patients
Authors: In Naoya , Wakamatsu Rei , Miyakawa Haruma , Kushima Chie , Chen Xiaoshuai , Tomisawa Toshiko
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical judgment support program using mixed reality (MR) for the observation of postoperative patients. Methods: This study employed a randomized controlled trial design, with 34 fourth-year nursing students as participants. The students were randomly allocated into two groups: a traditional simulation group (Sim group, n = 17) and an MR group (n = 17). Both groups were tasked with observing postoperative patients and making clinical judgments. The Sim group engaged in patient observation through classical simulation, followed by a debriefing session with the investigator. The MR group observed the patient according to the procedure displayed on HoloLens2 and conducted the self-debriefing using the developed program. Key outcome measures included educational time, the number of items observed, motivation for learning, satisfaction, confidence, and participant feedback. Results: The results indicated that the MR group was able to observe a more significant number of observation items. Additionally, while the simulation time was longer in the MR group, the debriefing time was shorter compared to the Sim group. Psychological safety was higher in the MR group, whereas the Sim group, which had individualized debriefing opportunities, reported significantly increased confidence and reduced anxiety. Conclusions: The findings suggest that utilizing MR-based materials for teaching postoperative patient observation is more efficient and effective in educating novice nursing students.
Prenatal Attachment, Personality, and Depression in High-Risk Pregnancies During Pandemic Emergencies
Authors: Burgio Sofia , Cucinella Gaspare , Baglio Giovanni , Zaami Simona , Krysiak Robert , Kowalcze Karolina , Billone Valentina , Gullo Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Background: The observational study investigates how personality factors influence depression, prenatal attachment, and fear of COVID-19 in women with high-risk pregnancies. Methods: Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy between the 20th and 24th weeks of gestation (N = 84) were selected. The Personality Inventory (PI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI), and Fear of COVID (FCV-19S) were used for data collection. Results: Agreeableness was significantly negatively correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = −0.33, p = 0.002) and positively correlated with prenatal attachment (r = 0.28, p = 0.008). Conscientiousness was negatively correlated with prenatal attachment (r = 0.34, p = 0.001). Depression was positively correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.27, p = 0.013). Linear regressions showed that agreeableness negatively predicted fear of COVID-19 (β = −0.34, p = 0.002) and positively predicted prenatal attachment (β = 0.27, p = 0.008). Conscientiousness negatively influenced prenatal attachment (β = −0.35, p = 0.001). Conclusions: This study explores personality traits in high-risk pregnancies, a variable underexplored in this clinical population. High-risk pregnancies may lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and child.
Effects of a Telenutrition Weight Loss Program Supported with Telemonitoring and Telehealth Coaching on Anthropometric and Biochemical Measures in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eid Noura M. S. , Al-Ofi Ebtisam A. , Enani Sumia , Mosli Rana H. , Saqr Raneem R. , Qutah Karimah M. , Eid Sara M. S.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Telenutrition has been reported to enable dietitians to support outpatients remotely in an accessible and convenient state. The literature shows that both telemonitoring and health coaching are effective approaches for achieving a greater impact on weight loss and the client’s compliance with their diet. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of a telenutrition weight loss program on weight reduction, supported with telemonitoring and health coaching. Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted among overweight and obese adults. The control group (n = 11) received a hypocaloric and tailored diet via telenutrition. The intervention group (n = 18) also received a hypocaloric and tailored diet via telenutrition, but it was supported with weekly telemonitoring and monthly telehealth coaching. Results: Participants who joined the intervention group showed a reduction in weight, BMI, fat %, visceral fat, and WC, whereas participants in the control group only displayed a reduction in WC after a period of 3 months. Comparing between the groups, a greater reduction in weight, BMI, fat %, and visceral fat was seen in the intervention group. Furthermore, muscle % was significantly higher in the intervention group after a period of 3 months. At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention group still showed promising results, but they were not significant. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the integration of the three approaches of telenutrition, telemonitoring, and health coaching in dietary weight loss programs can have significant impacts on weight loss in obese and overweight individuals.
A Case of B-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Presenting with an Isolated Epidural Mass Treated Successfully with Radiotherapy Followed by United Kingdom Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (UKALL) Chemotherapy Protocol
Authors: Alzahrani Musa Fares
Published: November 2024

Background: B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually involves lymph nodes, skin and soft tissue. Bone marrow and peripheral blood are normally spared from involvement in the disease. B-LBL typically forms solid masses that have similar pathologic and immunophenotypic features to their liquid counterpart, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The presentation of B-LBL with a solitary epidural mass at the cervical spine is very rare and the optimal treatment of such cases is unknown. Most of the literature on the management of B-LBL comes from small case series, pediatric patients, or as part of retrospective data that combine B-LBL with B-ALL cases. Case presentation: The case presented herein is a unique presentation that was treated using three modalities, namely surgical resection, radiotherapy and consolidation with systemic chemotherapy, adopted from the United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukemia (UKALL14) protocol. Conclusions: The patient attained complete remission following the planned treatment and is still in remission for more than four and half years from the time of his initial diagnosis.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Reticulated Platelets: New Horizons in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Mera Azaín Cristian Alejandro , Vargas Pasquel Johan Leandro , Quijano Gómez Sandra Milena , Rodríguez-Pardo Viviana Marcela
Published: November 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and reticulated platelets (RPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MM. This narrative review aims to explore the role of MSCs and RPs in the pathophysiology of MM, particularly their clinical use as possible variables of prognostic value in this hematologic neoplasia. The interaction between MSCs and MM cells within the bone marrow microenvironment supports MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. MSCs contribute to the development and maintenance of MM through the secretion of various factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Moreover, RPs, young and highly reactive platelets, have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis in MM. Several studies show that cells such as MSCs and platelets participate actively in the biology of the disease. Still, in clinical practice, they are not considered part of evaluating affected patients. In this review, we explore the possibility of including the evaluation of MSCs and PRs in the clinical practice for patients with MM as part of the strategies to improve the outcomes of this disease.
Exploring the Synergistic Role of Zinc in NPK Fertilization on the Agronomic Performance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
Authors: Alamgeer Muhammad , Munir Hassan , Hussain Saddam , Adhikari Sudeep , Soufan Walid , Ahmed Jahangir , Aslam Maryam , Rauf Saeed
Published: November 2024

Safflower is a multipurpose, underutilized annual crop that could be an alternate oilseed crop for normal and marginal lands around the world. Zinc as a nutrient plays a critical role in enzyme activity and nutrient absorption, leading to improved productivity and quality of oilseeds. However, imbalances between NPK and Zn can result in antagonistic interactions, leading to nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, this field experiment at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, was conducted to explore the synergistic effects of NPK and Zn on safflower growth, yield, and oil content. Safflower accession (UAF-SAFF-100) was treated with ten different combinations of zinc and NPK having different concentrations, i.e., T0 = control, T1 = NPK at 40:40:40 kg ha−1, T2 = NPK at 50:50:40 kg ha−1, T3 = NPK at 60:60:40 kg ha−1, T4 = NPK at 70:70:40 kg ha−1, T5 = NPK at 80:80:40 kg ha−1, T6 = T1 + zinc at 7.5 kg ha−1, T7 = T2 + zinc at 7.5 kg ha−1, T8 = T3 + zinc at 7.5 kg ha−1, T9 = T4 + zinc at 7.5 kg ha−1, and T10 = T5 + zinc at 7.5 kg ha−1. The results indicated that the application of T9 (NPK @ 70:70:40 kg/ha−1 + zinc @ 7.5 kg/ha−1) showed the most promising results in terms of growth and yield attributes. This treatment significantly improved key metrics such as capitulum diameter, the number of capitula per plant, seed yield, petal yield, and oil content. Thus, this treatment (T9) is proposed as an effective strategy for enhancing safflower growth and productivity, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study underscores the importance of optimizing nutrient management to achieve superior crop performance and suggests that tailored NPK and Zn applications can be a promising approach to maximizing safflower yield and oil quality.
Chemical Analysis and Biological Potential of Cotton Lavender Ethanolic Extract (Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Asteraceae)
Authors: Radovanović Katarina , Vukić Dajana , Kladar Nebojša , Hitl Maja , Gavarić Neda , Aćimović Milica
Published: November 2024

Cotton lavender (Santolina chamaecyparissus L., Asteraceae) is a widespread medicinal and ornamental plant. This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary and detailed chemical composition as well as the biological activity of ethanolic extract. As part of the preliminary characterization, the content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined, while the detailed characterization was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated through four different tests: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH•), and nitroso (NO•) radicals, and lipid peroxidation (LP), as well as antihyperglycemic potential through the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Additionally, in silico molecular modeling was employed to link the chemical composition to the antihyperglycemic potential. Chemical characterization showed that cotton lavender is a valuable source of phenolic compounds, with ferulic and p-coumaric acids being the most abundant. Moreover, the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of the ethanolic extract was demonstrated in vitro. The potential mechanism of the antihyperglycemic effect is the inhibition of the enzyme α-glucosidase, which was further investigated in silico using molecular modeling methods. This analysis suggested rutin and quercetin as compounds responsible for anti-α-glucosidase activity. Cotton lavender ethanolic extracts, as a valuable source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, possess moderate antioxidant effects and notable antihyperglycemic activity. According to in vitro and in silico investigations, it could be a valuable herbal supplement to complement diabetes treatment in medicinal therapy.
Global Comparisons of Age, Gender and Socioeconomic Status Differences of Physical Fitness Health Risk in South African Primary School Children: Longitudinal Data from the NW-CHILD Study
Authors: Muller Xonné , Pienaar Anita E. , Gerber Barry , Moran Colin N. , Brooks Naomi E.
Published: November 2024

Global physical fitness (PF) levels have declined over the past 50 years, contributing to early health risks in children although it is still unclear how age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) impact PF risk. This study aimed to identify unique health risks related to age, SES and gender that might influence muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of primary school children in South Africa. Children (N = 349, boys = 165; girls = 184) of low (n = 201) and high SES (n = 148) underwent three time point measurements at 6, 9 and 12 years spanning seven primary school years. MF was assessed with the strength sub-test of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) and CRF with a 20 m shuttle run. Relationships between biographical data, anthropometric data and PF were analysed using mixed linear regression models. After controlling for covariates, findings from unadjusted interaction models were used, revealing significant (p < 0.05) two-way age and SES interactions in standing long jump (SLJ), push-ups, wall-sit, sit-ups and VO2max and age and gender interactions (p < 0.001) in sit-ups, push-ups and VO2max. Universal cut-points are considered valid monitoring guidelines of PF risk in South African school children. For comparison, standardised global protocols for sit-ups and push-ups should be prioritised and intervention strategies should focus on improving PF in girls, older children from the age of 9 and children from low SES backgrounds.
Cybervictimization and Online Sexual Harassment: Prevalence, Association, and Predictors
Authors: Franceschi Angela , De Luca Lisa , Nocentini Annalaura , Menesini Ersilia
Published: November 2024

Background: The daily and massive use of the Internet and social media by adolescents has led to increased interest and attention to prevalence rates, risk factors, and potential consequences of different forms of online victimization. This study aims to examine the possible associations between cybervictimization and online sexual harassment among 697 Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.17; SD = 0.68; 42.3% female), understanding the contribution of individual and school risk factors. Methods: A short longitudinal design was used to test a path model where emotional/behavioral problems and school climate predicted cybervictimization and online sexual harassment, controlling for their co-occurrence. Results: The results show similar prevalence among the two phenomena with a consistent reciprocal association (ρs = 0.426**). Regarding predictors, cybervictimization at Wave 5 is predicted by the problematic peer relationships with peers (β = 0.164*, SE = 0.068) and lack of school cohesion (β = −0.189*, SE = 0.086) assessed at Wave 4. In contrast, online sexual harassment at Wave 5 is predicted by the presence of emotional symptoms (β = 0.248***, SE = 0.077) and the absence of social norms (β = −0.254**, SE = 0.085) measured at Wave 4. Conclusion: Online sexual harassment and cybervictimization are related phenomena with a co-occurrence of around 22%; being a victim of cybervictimization is positively associated with being a victim of OSH-P. However, risk factors are different: cybervictimization is more easily explained by social and contextual factors, while online sexual harassment is explained by individual factors.
Intervention Mapping for Refining a Sport-Based Public Health Intervention in Rural Schools
Authors: Major McKenna G. , Watkins Janette M. , Goss Janelle M. , Craig Derek W. , Waggoner Zack , Martinez Kercher Vanessa M. , Kercher Kyle A.
Published: November 2024

Sport-based youth development programs, delivered through campus–community partnerships, can create impactful experiences for college students, meet university objectives, and improve the health of children in under-resourced rural communities. This study aimed to pilot test intervention mapping (IM), a systematic approach to intervention development and implementation, to refine the Hoosier Sport intervention, which is a local public health initiative that utilizes the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBITs) model to improve physical activity in middle school children. The IM process, which included a diverse IM planning and advisory group of university representatives and local schools, was guided by self-determination theory (SDT) and social cognitive theory (SCT) and followed four steps: Logic Model of the Problem, Logic Model of Change, Program Design, and Program Production. Using SDT and SCT, we identified our personal determinants as autonomy, competence, and relatedness, while our environmental determinants were role-modeling and sports equipment access. We then created change methods and practical applications for refining and implementing our intervention and gathered pilot test data to assess the feasibility of the intervention. The IM process provided a more robust and evidence-based approach to intervention design and production, while involving stakeholders to foster meaningful collaboration and increase program success. By using IM in program development, public health interventions that promote youth development through sport will likely be more easily scaled up.
Passive Perception and Path Tracking of Tourists in Mountain Scenic Spots Through Face to Body Two Stepwise Method
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhu Changming , Shi Kuntao , Li Junli , Shen Qian , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2024

Tourists’ near-field passive perception and identification in mountain areas faces challenges related to long distances, small targets, varied-pose scenarios, facial occlusion, etc. To address this issue, this paper proposes an innovative technical framework based on a face-to-body (F2B) two-step iterative method aimed at enhancing the passive perception and tracking of tourists in complex mountain environments by integrating and coordinating body features with facial features. The F2B technical framework comprises three main components: target feature acquisition, multi-feature coupled re-identification, and target positioning and tracking. Initially, the faces and bodies of tourists are extracted from real-time video streams using the RetinaFace and YOLOX models, respectively. The ArcFace model is then employed to extract the facial features of the target tourists, linking them with the faces detected by RetinaFace. Subsequently, a multi-feature database is constructed using the Hungarian algorithm to facilitate the automatic matching of the face and body of the same tourist. Finally, the Fast-ReID model and a spatial position algorithm are utilized for the re-identification of tourist targets and tracking their dynamic paths. Based on public and actual scene datasets, deployment and testing in the Yimeng Mountain Scenic Area have demonstrated that the accuracy index AP of the F2B model reaches 88.03%, with a recall of 90.28%, achieving an overall identification accuracy of approximately 90% and a false alarm rate of less than 5%. This result significantly improves the accuracy of SOTA facial recognition models in the complex environments of mountainous scenic spots. It effectively addresses the challenges associated with the low identification accuracy of non-cooperative targets in these areas through a ground video sensing network. Furthermore, it offers technical support for spatiotemporal information regarding near-field passive perception and path tracking of tourists in mountain scenic spots and showcasing broad application prospects.
Dynamics of Nanomotors Propelled by Enzyme Cascade Reactions
Authors: Hu Jia-Qi , Zhao Rui , Cui Ru-Fei , Kou Jian-Long , Chen Jiang-Xing
Published: November 2024

Enzyme-powered nanomotors have attracted significant attention in materials science and biomedicine for their biocompatibility, versatility, and the use of biofuels in biological environments. Here, we employ a hybrid mesoscale method combining molecular dynamics and multi-particle collision dynamics (MD–MPC) to study the dynamics of nanomotors powered by enzyme reactions. Two cascade enzymes are constructed to be layered on the same surface of a Janus colloid, providing a confined space that greatly enhances reaction efficiency. Simulations indicate that such a configuration significantly improves the utilization of intermediate products and, consequently, increases the self-propulsion of the Janus motor. By presenting the gradient fields of substrates and products, as well as the hydrodynamics surrounding the motor, we explore the underlying mechanism behind the enhanced autonomous velocity. Additionally, we discuss the improvements in environmental safety of the modified motor, which may shed light on the fabrication of biocatalytic nano-machines in experiments.
Polyamine Seed Priming: A Way to Enhance Stress Tolerance in Plants
Authors: Wojtyla Łukasz , Wleklik Karolina , Borek Sławomir , Garnczarska Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Polyamines (PAs), such as putrescine, spermine, and spermidine, are bioactive molecules that play a vital role in plant responses to stresses. Although they are frequently applied to achieve higher levels of stress tolerance in plants, their function in seed biology is still not fully understood. PAs have been described in only a limited number of studies as seed priming agents, but most of the data report only the physiological and biochemical PA effects, and only a few reports concern the molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarized PA seed priming effects on germination, seedling establishment, and young plant response to abiotic stresses, and tried to draw a general scheme of PA action during early developmental plant stages.
Rhamnolipid-Enriched PA3 Fraction from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 Primes Chili Plant Defense Against Anthracnose
Authors: Sudyoung Natthida , Samosorn Siritron , Dolsophon Kulvadee , Nantavisai Kwannan , Pringsulaka Onanong , Sirikantaramas Supaart , Oikawa Akira , Sarawaneeyaruk Siriruk
Published: November 2024

Chili anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, causes significant yield loss in chili production. In this study, we investigated the elicitor properties of a rhamnolipid (RL)-enriched PA3 fraction derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SWUC02 in inducing systemic resistance in yellow chili seedlings and antifungal activity against C. truncatum CFPL01 (Col). Fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract yielded 12 fractions, with PA3 demonstrating the most effective disease suppression, reducing the disease severity index to 4 ± 7.35% at 7 days post-inoculation compared with Col inoculation alone (83 ± 23.57%). PA3 also exhibited direct antifungal activity, inhibiting Col mycelial growth by 41 ± 0.96% at 200 µg/mL. Subfractionation revealed PA3 as a mixture of mono- and di-RLs, confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. Additionally, PA3 enhanced seed germination and promoted plant growth without causing phytotoxicity. Transcriptomics revealed that PA3 pre-treatment prior to Col infection primed the defense response, upregulating defense-related genes involved in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathways, as well as those associated with cell wall reinforcement. Our findings highlight the potential of RL-enriched PA3 as both an antifungal agent and a plant defense elicitor, with transcriptome data providing new insights into defense priming and resistance pathways in chili, offering an eco-friendly solution for sustainable anthracnose management.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human MGP Promoter: Identification of Downstream Repressors
Authors: Caiado Helena , Cancela M. Leonor , Conceição Natércia
Published: November 2024

Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylated protein that was initially identified as a physiological inhibitor of ectopic calcification, primarily affecting cartilage and the vascular system. Mutations in the MGP gene were found to be responsible for the Keutel syndrome, a condition characterized by abnormal calcifications in the cartilage, lungs, brain, and vascular system. MGP has been shown to be dysregulated in several tumors, including cervical, ovarian, urogenital, and breast cancers. Using bioinformatic approaches, transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) containing CpG dinucleotides were identified in the MGP promoter, including those for YY1, GATA1, and C/EBPα. We carried out functional tests using transient transfections with a luciferase reporter assay, primarily for the transcription factors YY1, GATA1, C/EBPα, and RUNX2. By co-transfection analysis, we found that YY1, GATA1, and C/EBPα repressed the MGP promoter. Furthermore, the co-transfection with RUNX2 activated the MGP promoter. In addition, MGP expression is negatively or positively correlated with the studied TFs’ expression levels in several cancer types. This study provides novel insights into MGP regulation by demonstrating that YY1, GATA1, and C/EBPα are negative regulators of the MGP promoter, and DNA methylation may influence their activity. The dysregulation of these mechanisms in cancer should be further elucidated.
Transcriptome Analysis of Fibroblasts in Hypoxia-Induced Vascular Remodeling: Functional Roles of CD26/DPP4
Authors: Suzuki Yuri , Kawasaki Takeshi , Tatsumi Koichiro , Okaya Tadasu , Sato Shun , Shimada Ayako , Misawa Tomoko , Hatano Ryo , Morimoto Chikao , Kasuya Yoshitoshi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Ohara Osamu , Suzuki Takuji
Published: November 2024

In hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary vascular remodeling is characterized by the emergence of activated adventitial fibroblasts, leading to medial smooth muscle hyperplasia. Previous studies have suggested that CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) plays a crucial role in the pathobiological processes in lung diseases. However, its role in pulmonary fibroblasts in hypoxic PH remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the mechanistic role of CD26/DPP4 in lung fibroblasts in hypoxic PH. Dpp4 knockout (Dpp4 KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to hypoxia for 4 weeks. The degree of PH severity and medial wall thickness was augmented in Dpp4 KO mice compared with that in WT mice, suggesting that CD26/DPP4 plays a suppressive role in the development of hypoxic PH. Transcriptome analysis of human lung fibroblasts cultured under hypoxic conditions revealed that TGFB2, TGFB3, and TGFA were all upregulated as differentially expressed genes after DPP4 knockdown with small interfering RNA treatment. These results suggest that CD26/DPP4 plays a suppressive role in TGFβ signal-regulated fibroblast activation under hypoxic conditions. Therefore, CD26/DPP4 may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with PH associated with chronic hypoxia.
Closing Editorial: Colorectal Cancer—A Molecular Genetics Perspective
Authors: Gharib Ehsan
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, ranking third in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers [...]
Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Buthionine Sulfoximine-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide for Enhanced Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer Cells
Authors: Lee Hyo Young , Park Ji-Sun , Kim Taeyu Grace , Kim Taeyeon , Kim Do Hoon , Yun Jejung , Jeong Young-IL
Published: November 2024

The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on traditional photosensitizers is generally limited by the cellular redox homeostasis system due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect of glutathione (GSH). In this study, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH inhibitor, was conjugated with the amine group of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) using a thioketal linker (COSthBSO) to liberate BSO and chlorine e6 (Ce6) under oxidative stress, and then, Ce6-COSthBSO NP (Ce6-COSthBSO NP), fabricated by a dialysis procedure, showed an accelerated release rate of BSO and Ce6 by the addition of hydrogen peroxide, indicating that nanophotosensitizers have ROS sensitivity. In the in vitro cell culture study using HCT116 colon carcinoma cells, a combination of BSO and Ce6 efficiently suppressed the intracellular GSH and increased ROS production compared to the sole treatment of Ce6. In particular, Ce6-COSthBSO NP showed higher efficacy in the suppression of GSH levels and ROS production compared to the free Ce6 and Ce6/BSO combination. These results were due to the fact that Ce6-COSthBSO NP was efficiently delivered to the intracellular region, suppressed intracellular GSH levels, and elevated ROS levels. The in vivo animal tumor xenograft study demonstrated Ce6-COSthBSO NP being efficiently delivered to the tumor tissue, i.e., the fluorescence intensity in the tumor tissue was higher than those of other organs. The combination of Ce6 and BSO efficiently suppressed tumor growth compared to the sole treatment of Ce6, indicating that BSO might efficiently suppress GSH levels and increase ROS levels in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, Ce6-COSthBSO NP showed the strongest performance in inhibition of tumor growth than those of Ce6 or the CE6/BSO combination, indicating that they were efficiently delivered to tumor tissue, increased ROS levels, and then efficiently inhibited tumor growth. We suggest that COSthBSO nanophotosensitizers are promising candidates for PDT treatment of cancer cells.
Metabonomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal the Underlying HPA-Axis-Related Mechanisms of Lethality in Larimichthys polyactis Exposed to Underwater Noise Pollution
Authors: Jiang Qinghua , Zhang Yu , Ye Ting , Liang Xiao , Lou Bao
Published: November 2024

The problem of marine noise pollution has a long history. Strong noise (>120 dB re 1 µPa) will affects the growth, development, physiological responses, and behaviors of fish, and also can induce the stress response, posing a mortal threat. Although many studies have reported that underwater noise may affect the survival of fish by disturbing their nervous system and endocrine system, the underlying causes of death due to noise stimulation remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we used the underwater noise stress models to conduct underwater strong noise (50–125 dB re 1 µPa, 10–22,000 Hz) stress experiments on small yellow croaker for 10 min (short-term noise stress) and 6 days (long-term noise stress). A total of 150 fishes (body weight: 40–60 g; body length: 12–14 cm) were used in this study. Omics (metabolomics and transcriptomics) studies and quantitative analyses of important genes (HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal)-axis functional genes) were performed to reveal genetic and metabolic changes in the important tissues associated with the HPA axis (brain, heart, and adrenal gland). Finally, we found that the strong noise pollution can significantly interfere with the expression of HPA-axis functional genes (including corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2), and arginine vasotocin (AVT)), and long-term stimulation can further induce metabolic disorders of the functional tissues (brain, heart, and adrenal gland), posing a lethal threat. Meanwhile, we also found that there were two kinds of death processes, direct death and chronic death, and both were closely related to the duration of stimulation and the regulation of the HPA axis.
The Role of PD-1/PD-L1 and IL-7 in Lymphocyte Dynamics and Sepsis Progression: A Biomarker Study in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Coman Oana , Grigorescu Bianca-Liana , Huțanu Adina , Bacârea Anca , Văsieșiu Anca Meda , Fodor Raluca Ștefania , Petrișor Marius , Azamfirei Leonard
Published: November 2024

Sepsis pathophysiology involves a dysregulated immune response to infection, excessive inflammation, and immune paralysis. This study explores the relationships between cell death biomarkers (serum-soluble levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and interleukin-7 (IL-7)) and the percentages of various lymphocyte subsets in relation to the severity and progression of sepsis. This prospective, observational study included 87 critically ill patients. We monitored parameters on days 1 (sepsis was diagnosed according to the Sepsis-3 Consensus) and 5. We established an IL-7 cutoff value of 1.94 pg/mL by comparing levels between a healthy control group and patients with sepsis (p < 0.0001). Lymphopenia was observed in all patients, with negative correlations between helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic and B lymphocytes, and positive correlations involving cytotoxic lymphocytes across all groups. We found correlations between PD-1/PD-L1 and lymphocyte subsets. IL-7 showed a statistical correlation with PD-1 in non-survivors. Assessing lymphocyte levels shows potential as a biomarker for evaluating the progression of sepsis. Monitoring IL-7 levels could help assess survival, as low levels are associated with higher mortality risk. Monitoring IL-7 levels could help assess survival, as low levels are associated with higher mortality risk. Elevated PD-1/PD-L1 expression impairs costimulatory signalling, reducing T cell responses and lymphopenia, which increases the risk of nosocomial infections.
Decoding Neurodegeneration: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS
Authors: Toader Corneliu , Tataru Calin Petru , Munteanu Octavian , Serban Matei , Covache-Busuioc Razvan-Adrian , Ciurea Alexandru Vlad , Enyedi Mihaly
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, and Huntington’s, remain formidable challenges in medicine, with their relentless progression and limited therapeutic options. These diseases arise from a web of molecular disturbances—misfolded proteins, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic mutations—that slowly dismantle neuronal integrity. Yet, recent scientific breakthroughs are opening new paths to intervene in these once-intractable conditions. This review synthesizes the latest insights into the underlying molecular dynamics of neurodegeneration, revealing how intertwined pathways drive the course of these diseases. With an eye on the most promising advances, we explore innovative therapies emerging from cutting-edge research: nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems capable of navigating the blood–brain barrier, gene-editing tools like CRISPR designed to correct harmful genetic variants, and stem cell strategies that not only replace lost neurons but foster neuroprotective environments. Pharmacogenomics is reshaping treatment personalization, enabling tailored therapies that align with individual genetic profiles, while molecular diagnostics and biomarkers are ushering in an era of early, precise disease detection. Furthermore, novel perspectives on the gut–brain axis are sparking interest as mounting evidence suggests that microbiome modulation may play a role in reducing neuroinflammatory responses linked to neurodegenerative progression. Taken together, these advances signal a shift toward a comprehensive, personalized approach that could transform neurodegenerative care. By integrating molecular insights and innovative therapeutic techniques, this review offers a forward-looking perspective on a future where treatments aim not just to manage symptoms but to fundamentally alter disease progression, presenting renewed hope for improved patient outcomes.
Blue Light-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Underlay Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Abdouh Mohamed , Chen Yunxi , Goyeneche Alicia , Burnier Miguel N.
Published: November 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in apoptosis. We reported that Blue Light (BL) induced oxidative stress in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro and increased drusen deposition and RPE cell apoptosis in human eyes. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying BL-induced damage to RPE cells. Cells were exposed to BL with or without the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Cells were analyzed for levels of ROS, proliferation, viability, and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨM) fluctuation. We performed proteomic analyses to search for differentially expressed proteins. ROS levels increased following RPE cell exposure to BL. While ROS production did not affect RPE cell proliferation, it was accompanied by decreased ΔΨM and increased cell apoptosis due to the caspase cascade activation in a ROS-dependent manner. Proteomic analyses revealed that BL decreased the levels of ROS detoxifying enzymes in exposed cells. We conclude that BL-induced oxidative stress is cytotoxic to RPE cells. These findings bring new insights into the involvement of BL on RPE cell damage and its role in the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The use of antioxidants is an avenue to block or delay BL-mediated RPE cell apoptosis to counteract the disease progression.
Overexpression of StCDPK13 in Potato Enhances Tolerance to Drought Stress
Authors: Bi Zhenzhen , Dekomah Simon Dontoro , Wang Yihao , Pu Zhuanfang , Wang Xiangdong , Dormatey Richard , Sun Chao , Liu Yuhui , Liu Zhen , Bai Jiangping , Yao Panfeng
Published: November 2024

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), which are activated by transient changes in the Ca2+ concentration in plants, are important for various biological processes, such as growth, development, defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, and others. Mannitol is commonly used as an osmotic regulatory substance in culture medium or nutrient solutions to create water-deficit conditions. Here, we cloned the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) StCDPK13 gene and generated stable transgenic StCDPK13-overexpression potato plants. To investigate the potential functions of StCDPK13 in response to drought stress, overexpression-transgenic (OE1, OE2, and OE7) and wild-type (WT) potato seedlings were cultured on MS solid media without or with mannitol, representing the control or drought stress, for 20 days; the elevated mannitol concentrations (150 and 200 mM) were the drought stress conditions. The StCDPK13 gene was consistently expressed in different tissues and was induced by drought stress in both OE and WT plants. The phenotypic traits and an analysis of physiological indicators revealed that the transgenic plants exhibited more tolerance to drought stress than the WT plants. The overexpression lines showed an increased plant height, number of leaves, dry shoot weight, root length, root number, root volume, number of root tips, fresh root weight, and dry root weight under drought stress. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and POD) and the accumulation of proline and neutral sugars were significantly increased, whereas the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and O2•−, were significantly reduced in the OE lines compared to WT plants under drought stress. Moreover, the stomatal aperture of the leaves and the water loss rate in the leaves of the OE lines were significantly reduced under drought stress compared to the WT plants. In addition, the overexpression of StCDPK13 upregulated the expression levels of stress-related genes under drought stress. Collectively, these results indicate that the StCDPK13 gene plays a positive role in drought tolerance by reducing the stomatal aperture, promoting ROS scavenging, and alleviating oxidative damage under drought stress in potatoes.
Ingenol-3-Angelate Enhances the B Cell Inhibitory Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Leading to Marked Alleviation of Lupus Symptoms in MRL.faslpr Mice
Authors: Lee Hong Kyung , Kim Hwa Kyung , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Ji Su , Park JinKyung , Kim Min Sung , Lee Tae Yong , Lim Key-Hwan , Park Hanseul , Son Dong Ju , Hong Jin Tae , Han Sang-Bae
Published: November 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production by hyper-activated B cells. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) relieve lupus symptoms by inhibiting mainly T cells, whether MSCs also inhibit B cells has been controversial. Here, we found that naïve MSCs inhibited IFN-γ production by T cells, but not IgM production by B cells. We used a chemical approach to prime MSCs to inhibit B cells. We found that ingenol-3-angelate (I3A), a non-tumor-promoting phorbol ester, activated MSCs to inhibit B cells in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. We also showed that IL-1β induced MSCs to continuously secrete TGF-β1, which directly inhibited IgM production by B cells, whereas IL-1β did not. I3A-treated MSCs were better than naïve MSCs at ameliorating SLE symptoms in MRL.faslpr mice. In summary, our data provide information on how to generate MSCs that are effective for the treatment of SLE characterized by excessive B cell activation.