bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refinement
Authors: Longenecker Steve
Published: September 2014

This chapter describes the importance of refinement to everyday religious life. Taking advantage of the new market-revolution economy, congregations eagerly pursued gentility by purchasing an abundance of goods and spending freely on their buildings. Refinement, however, transcended purchasing power. Improved music, for example, was a high priority for many congregations, and Gettysburg’s new rural cemetery was a self-conscious attempt at refinement with bucolic landscaping and assumptions about special knowledge acquired on the edge of this world and the next. The quest for refinement consumed much energy and passion in congregations, including the task of paying for it, which was difficult and created tension. Victorians nevertheless pursued refinement in their churches just as they did at home, making refinement deeply ingrained in all of American life, not just in matters of faith. In this regard, Gettysburg religion informs about large American trends.
Josiah Royce: Alive and Well
Authors: McDermott John J.
Published: September 2014

A testament to the revival of attention given to the philosophy of Josiah Royce. Stressed here is the multi-disciplinary foci of Royce's writings and his implacable effort to overcome the irresolute presence of evil and the noxious concomitant of human suffering, which striates our experience and blocks out any and all vapid rationalizations.
This essay also limns the personal life of Josiah Royce, his fear of obsolescence, and his long-standing commitment to adumbrating a philosophy of community.
Loyalty, Friendship, and Truth
Authors: Foust Mathew A. , Shew Melissa
Published: September 2014

This chapter reveals Aristotle's influence on Josiah Royce's philosophy of loyalty. Section I, “The Metaphysics of Loyalty in Aristotle and Royce,” demonstrates an Aristotelian influence on Royce's thinking about truth and reality, ultimately taking shape in Royce's metaphysics of loyalty, the foundation of Royce's ethical philosophy. Section II, “The Ethics of Loyalty in Aristotle and Royce,” considers Aristotle's influence on Royce's thinking about friendship, ultimately taking shape in Royce's ethics of loyalty. Section III, “The Metaphysics and Ethics of Community in Aristotle and Royce,” argues for an Aristotelian influence on Royce's thought in the form of his philosophy of community. Drawing from Aristotle's corpus and both published and unpublished manuscripts of Royce, this essay offers historical and philosophical connections between these thinkers.
Race, Culture, and Pluralism
Authors: Pratt Scott L.
Published: September 2014

Franz Fanon argues that a particular logic is at the center of Western processes of colonization and calls for different starting point. This paper argues that Royce's logic provides resources to think about Fanon's claim and points toward an alternative logic that can contribute to the processes of decolonization and liberation while affirming a pluralistic conception of self-determination and sovereignty. Royce's logic, informed by pragmatism and idealist logic of the late 19th century, focuses on agency and its implications for ordering relations, including those of exclusion and inclusion that are at the heart of Fanon's critic of colonialism. The result is a logical theory that recognizes the risks and problems of any effort to order human lives and has the potential to recognize the ways in which European-descended philosophies have served as weapons to carry out colonization and oppression. Fanon advocated practices of liberation that affirm a pluralism of particular peoples and lands and the possibility of interaction across porous boundaries, Royce provides an alternative logic compatible with such a vision.
Enlightened Provincialism, Open-Ended Communities, and Loyalty-Loving Individuals
Authors: Green Judith M.
Published: September 2014

Josiah Royce offers a three-part progressive prescription for democratic cultural transformation: enlightened provincialism, open-ended communities, and loyalty-loving individuals. However, many forces and habits within American society and other nations and cultures to which we are closely linked by economy, communications media, productive and transportive technologies, and ways of living have profoundly antidemocratic implications. Nonetheless, with some critical modi?cations to re?ect subsequent social and technological developments, Royce's three-part prescription is both feasible and desirable—even necessary—in twenty-?rst-century America, if we are to preserve and more fully actualize our democracy, our distinctive communities, and our individual experiences of meaningful living.
Pathos as Queer Sociality in Contemporary European Visual Culture
Authors: Wilson Emma
Published: September 2014

This chapter examines a queer sensibility in contemporary French cinema and argues for its specific political and artistic value. André Techiné, François Ozon and Christophe Honoré explore queer identities and desires in their films; they work to integrate queer into the mainstream of French auteur cinema and queer it from within. This queering is achieved through acts of retrospection and reinvention, in particular of Nouvelle Vague aesthetics; in new representations of desire, the couples and threesomes of this film genre are opened and queered. The chapter argues that in these acts of reinscription, queer identity and desire become the source of innovation in cinematic representations of pathos, emotion, loss, and extreme sensation and move from a nouvelle vague ambivalence to affect. Rather than essentialising queer, this search for access to pathos through queer can be conceived politically.
Imagination and the Prism of the Inapparent
Authors: Wolfson Elliot R.
Published: September 2014

The Introduction explores the role of imagination especially since the eighteenth century and the impact of Kant's understanding of this faculty as the mental power of the figurative synthesis between the sensible and the intelligible that is necessary to account for the very possibility of experience. The Romantic celebration of the creative force of human imagination is a direct outcome of the Kantian emphasis on the reproductive capacity of the imagination and the subservient position assigned to reason. Building on this philosophical foundation, corroborated by the role of the imagination culled from kabbalistic sources, the imagination is here portrayed as the vehicle by which we exceed our social and biological environments that rupture the ordinary and open the horizons of scientific, technological, and aesthetic ingenuity to the possibility of the impossible, the nonphenomenalizable that is the epistemic condition of all phenomenality, the unseeing that enframes every act of seeing, the negative ideal of the unreal that positivizes the recurrent patterns and perspectival mutations that constitute the contours of the world we deem to be real. The role of imagination and the theocentric proclivity of Jewish philosophical speculation is investigated through this prism of the inapparent.
Secrecy of the Gift and the Gift of Secrecy
Authors: Wolfson Elliot R.
Published: September 2014

This chapter analyzes the nexus of secrecy, the gift, and the apophatic in the thought of Derrida. Many scholars have weighed in on these themes, but I will reexamine them from the particular vantagepoint of the relation to Jewish mysticism that one may cull from the Derridean corpus. While my focal point is Derrida's understanding of kabbalah as an expression of polysemy and atheism, the implications of the ensuing analysis should put into sharp relief the theological appropriation of deconstruction attested in any number of theo-philosophies of transcendence that have proliferated in the course of the last few decades, many of them centered especially on the metaphor of the gift. For Derrida, Judaism is not primarily a demarcation of ethno-religious identity, but rather a literary trope that signifies what cannot be signified, the secret that characterizes the way of being human in the world. The secret is not a mystery that is inherently unknowable, but rather the unknowability that issues from there being nothing ontologically or metaphysically that is to be known, the secret that there is no secret. Judaism thus provided Derrida with an existential template by which he could articulate the pretense of the secret, the sense of being in place by having no place. The nexus of secrecy and the gift ensues from the fact that the bestowing of the gift occurs precisely as the impossibility of the gift presenting itself as a gift, an event that is totally heterogeneous to either theoretical or phenomenological identification. For the gift to be a gift, it must be free of economic calculability, but to be so free, neither the one who gives nor the one who receives can be conscious of the giving. The phenomenon of the gift may appear only within the horizon of its absence.
Identity, Nature, Life: Three Biopolitical Deconstructions
Authors: Revel Judith
Published: September 2014

The chapter by Revel argues that Foucault advances an affirmative biopolitics centered on the self-fashioning of subjectivity, but this “form of life” is attainable only if subjectivation is a function of nonidentities or singularities; if all naturalism is resolutely historicized; and, lastly, if “life” is entirely understood as bios and not zoe, as a product of sociality, of the creation of a relation to the other, rather than based on the metabolism with what is natural or nonsocial.
From Reason of State to Liberalism: The Coup d’État as Form of Government
Authors: Nigro Roberto
Published: September 2014

The chapter by Nigro offers a reconstruction of Foucault’s understanding of reason of state, and its central device of the coup d’Etat by reading Foucault’s lectures in the context of his complicated relation to Marxist thought and leftist politics in the 1970s. Nigro shows that Foucault approaches the state of exception from a perspective that is very different from the Schmittian defense of state sovereignty. Foucault does this is because, despite his severe criticism of Marxism–Leninism, he remains committed to the basic Marxist problem of understanding the conception of the state and of the law that was necessary for the primitive accumulation of capital.
In Italy Everyone Enjoys It—Why Not in America?
Authors: Zanoni Elizabeth
Published: September 2014

The magnitude of Italian imports in the United States before World War II reflected the role that immigrants played in fostering the commercial flows. Italian immigrants’ conspicuous fondness of imported goods, from cigars to laces to olive oil, witnessed their attempt at articulating their diasporic nostalgia, identity, and taste through shopping, as well as the centrality of consumption in the project of diasporic nationalism—regularly encouraged as it was by the local/transnational immigrant mercantile elites and their supporters in the Italian government abroad. The chapter expands on scholarship by historians such as Lizabeth Cohen and Meg Jacobs who describe consumption’s role as a complex but ultimately successful tool of U.S. nation and citizenship building. The chapter concludes that, instead, by buying and consuming items from Italy, immigrants acted as transnational consumers who formed their national identities around goods from their homeland, as well as around those in their host countries. It was not only Italians’ participation in U.S. consumer culture that turned migrants toward consumption; rather, it was also migrants’ transnational familial, community, and national sentiments that made consumption increasingly acceptable among a people more used to saving than spending. The consumption of Italian exports abroad in some cases strengthened migrants’ ties to their homeland, while fostering a more distinct ethnic and Italian identity in the United States.
“Enough of the Truth for…”
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: September 2014

This chapter takes as its starting point the remark of Desmond Tutu, Anglican archbishop of Cape Town and president of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa. The remark is found in the preface of the commission's report, presented to Nelson Mandela in 1998 and completed in 2003: “We believe we have provided enough of the truth about our past for there to be a consensus about it.” The phrase “enough of the truth for” goes against the idea that there is one unique and absolute truth, the truth. Rather, there is some truth, a bit, bits of truth. It is a partitive, and there is enough of it for it to serve and be useful: it is instrumentalized truth. In the light of philosophy and the relation between ontology and sophistry, one can analyze and evaluate this opportune conception, this “opportunism” of the truth, explicitly put to work in one of the rare encouraging moments of the twentieth century.
For Strasbourg
Authors: Derrida Jacques , Brault Pascale-Anne , Naas Michael
Published: September 2014

For Strasbourg: Conversations of Friendship and Philosophy consists of four essays and interviews by French philosopher and literary theorist Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) about the city of Strasbourg and the philosophical friendships he developed there over a forty year period. Written just months before his death, the opening essay of the collection, “The place name(s): Strasbourg,” recounts in great detail, and often in very moving terms, Derrida's deep attachment to this French city on the border between France and Germany. More than just a personal narrative, however, it is a profound interrogation of the relationship between philosophy and place, philosophy and language, and philosophy and friendship. As such, it raises a series of philosophical, political, and ethical questions that might all be placed under the aegis of what Derrida once called “philosophical nationalities and nationalism.” The other three texts included here are long interviews/conversations between Derrida and his two principal interlocutors in Strasbourg, Jean-Luc Nancy and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe. These interviews are significant both for the themes they focus on (language, politics, friendship, death, life after death, and so on) and for what they reveal about Derrida's relationships to Nancy and Lacoue-Labarthe. Filled with sharp insights into one another's work and peppered with personal anecdotes and humor, they bear witness to the decades-long intellectual friendships of these three important contemporary thinkers. This collection stands as a reminder of and testimony to Derrida's relationship to Strasbourg and to the two thinkers most closely associated with that city.
The Place Name(s)—Strasbourg (2004)
Authors: Derrida Jacques
Published: September 2014

Written just months before his death, this opening chapter recounts in great detail, and often in very moving terms, Derrida's deep attachment to this French city on the border between France and Germany. More than just a personal narrative, however, it is a profound interrogation of the relationship between philosophy and place, philosophy and language, and philosophy and friendship. As such, it raises a series of philosophical, political, and ethical questions that might all be placed under the aegis of what Derrida once called “philosophical nationalities and nationalism.”
Opening (2003)
Authors: Derrida Jacques
Published: September 2014

This chapter is a transcription of the opening session, on 4 November 2003, of three days of celebration marking the twenty year anniversary of the International College of Philosophy, of which Derrida was one of the founders. We hear Derrida discussing with Jean-Luc Nancy and others, including Hélène Cixous and Michel Deguy, the political and cultural circumstances surrounding the founding of the International College of Philosophy, the place of philosophy in the French university and in other academic institutions, the sometimes conflicted relationship between the members of the College and the university, and the importance of the College as a place of refuge for university professors and, especially, high school teachers of philosophers. The conversation sheds a great deal of light on this counter-institution called the International College of Philosophy, though also on university politics and the importance of philosophy more generally in France from the late 1960s into the new millennium.
A Call to Listen
Authors: Gumbleton Thomas
Published: September 2014

This chapter illumines the world of the pre-Vatican II seminary and parish and describes the ways these contexts shaped and limited priests’ pastoral approaches to questions of sexuality in general and homosexuality in particular. Shortly after the author of this chapter was ordained a bishop in the late 1960s, his younger brother, who had been married to a woman for fifteen years, announced to his extended family that he was gay. This revelation became the catalyst for a long familial and personal process that eventually led him to new perspectives on church teaching concerning sexuality and transformed his ways of understanding, supporting, and accompanying gay and lesbian Catholics in their faith journeys.
From Closet to Lampstand
Authors: Nelson M. Sheila
Published: September 2014

This chapter discusses the dangers of the closet both from the author’s perspective as a committed lesbian Catholic and as a sociologist who for the past four years has served on the board of the Catholic Association for Lesbian and Gay Ministry (CALGM). It first presents her reflections on her own experience as a lesbian Catholic who came of age during the Second Vatican Council. It then considers the major challenges or difficulties facing LGBT Catholics today and the impact of the current state of affairs on the broader church, especially how all of us are weakened and diminished when we fail to welcome our LGBT brothers and sisters and see the ways the Spirit is alive and at work in them.
Two Views of Happiness in Mill
Authors: Shade Patrick , Lachs John
Published: September 2014

Lachs appeals to Aristotle's treatment of eudaimonia to distinguish two views of happiness in Mill's Utilitarianism. In addition to the “official” view that happiness is pleasure, Lachs argues that Mill also understands happiness in reference to the life pattern of a person. Recognizing this second view renders more intelligible Mill's support of liberty, for without liberty, Lachs argues, an individual cannot develop the voluntary self-expressive life patterns (of thought and action) needed to be “happy” in the larger sense.
Human Natures
Authors: Shade Patrick , Lachs John
Published: September 2014

Lachs contends that choice-inclusive facts are useful in better understanding human nature. The designation of an entity as a “human” or “person” depends, on facts but also on choices about how best to carve and organize the continuum of living beings. At the heart of the argument are two elements of choice involved in choice-inclusive facts. One is the emphasis we give to some features at the expense of others in creating classifications, while the other arises when we determine the degree of similarity necessary for an individual's admission to a specific class. Acknowledging the many differences humans exhibit, Lachs proposes that we recognize distinct human natures, each distinguished on the basis of the desires, activities, and satisfactions of individuals. Diverse desire-act-satisfaction triads account for the valuational differences that structure different kinds of lives.
Persons and Different Kinds of Persons
Authors: Shade Patrick , Lachs John
Published: September 2014

Lachs examines Borden Parker Bowne's personalism but goes beyond Bowne in identifying some nonhuman animals as persons. Moreover, Lachs argues that whatever set of criteria we chose for ascribing personhood, some humans will not qualify under it while some animals will. Lachs highlights the practical nature of categories such as “person.”
Introduction
Authors: Miller Steven
Published: September 2014

This introductory chapter sets out the book’s main themes. The book offers a philosophical reflection upon forms of violence that regularly occur in actual wars but do not often factor into the stories told about war. These stories—from Homer and Virgil to Kant, Clausewitz, Goya, Freud, Schmitt, and Derrida—revolve around killing and death. Through readings of these histories and texts, it is shown that war is among the most important achievements of human culture; that it is a complex institution governed by a system of idealized conventions or rituals; and that killing is foremost among these rituals. Rather than undermine civilization, war-and-death, functions to consolidate its fundamental limits.
Statues Also Die
Authors: Miller Steven
Published: September 2014

This chapter considers the meaning of war from the perspective of the 9/11 attacks. It looks at the relationship between war and the word, and asks why the word war is so important in ethics, politics, and war itself. It suggests that the traumatic impact of 9/11 was also due to the fact that they caused lasting damage to the institution of war itself. It examines the Taliban’s massacre, in March 2001, of the twin Buddhas of Bamiyan and suggests that we have more to learn from this event than from the attacks of September 11, 2001.
War, Word, Worst
Authors: Miller Steven
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents a reading of Samuel Beckett’s 1983 narrative Worstward Ho. It argues that the language of Worstward Ho remains the language of war. The category of the worst is absolutely central to journalistic, psychoanalytic, and philosophical discourse on the history of war and violence—to such an extent that discourses on war often tell us very little about war and a lot about the worst. Discourses on war employ the category of the worst, after the fact, to represent, to judge, to describe, or to analyze history. However, the reverse is also the case: in fact, such discourses do not speak about war in order to say anything about war but rather to name the worst and to provide this hyperbole with a referent.
Afterword
Authors: Miller Steven
Published: September 2014

This chapter summarizes the book’s main themes and presents some final thoughts. This book argued that the relationship between war and movement is not clear-cut; it does not necessarily begin with mobilization and end with demobilization. The ultimate stakes of war can only be grasped starting from immobility; war constitutes a relationship between the quick and the dead, the mobile and the immobile, and perhaps even between the immobile and the immobile, or the dead and the dead; and, further, the problem of peace must also be reframed starting from an elaboration of these counterintuitive displacements.
Counting Weakness, Countering Power
Authors: Vahanian Noëlle
Published: September 2014

This chapter suggests that Catherine Keller’s mythopoetic vision of God for a theopolitics of love is a theology of language. Keller’s vision resists Gianni Vattimo and John Caputo’s weak ontologies for too easily allowing Christianity to stand for the master trope of Western civilization and for not offering a conception of God that can effectively bankrupt his patriarchal archive. Keller’s poetic God makes conspicuous the postmodern and post Death of God formulations of alterity that strip God of a preeminent ontological status. But it is love, in its receptivity and generosity, in its openness and sensitivity, that give Keller’s vision its creative and rebellious power.
Ordinary, Incredulous
Authors: Butler Judith
Published: September 2014

This chapter discusses issues that humanities has in the public sphere. It considers some of the salient forms that the defense of the humanities has taken. It elaborates on an ethical task that is indissociable from forms of critical judgment and what might aptly be called the struggle against oblivion. It attempts to link critical practice to an ethical consideration of the forms of cultural aliveness and destruction for which we are compelled to struggle because they are linked with public questions of what is of value, and what should be.
Poetry, Injury, and the Ethics of Reading
Authors: Scarry Elaine
Published: September 2014

This chapter considers the long tradition of poetry that is deliberative and argumentative, that stages a dispute or dialogue of two voices. By way of this formal structure of poetry, it extends claims about reading’s capacity to inculcate empathy. It argues that shifts in ethical behavior require a sea change across wide populations of readers. This means that the main work of the humanities is to ensure that books are placed in the hands of each incoming wave of students and carried back out to sea.
Responses and Discussion
Authors: Jewett Hilary
Published: September 2014

This chapter presents responses to the discussions in Chapters 5 and 6. Among these is the potentially tragic circumstance in which art, playfulness, self-expression, and reading might only find support and a place for their exercise in a few elite institutions; the suggestion that the relation of writers and readers as essentially ethical; and the argument that an ethics of reading may indicate an avoidance maneuver, a flight from playful and violent reading, which is associated with the heyday of deconstruction.
Introduction
Authors: Acosta Abraham
Published: September 2014

This introductory chapter sets out the book’s main themes. This book examines the politics of reading resistance in contemporary Latin America. It explores the predominance and inner workings of certain narratives of cultural resistance within Latin America and the economies of reading that sustain them. It advances the notion of illiteracy as a means to interrogate and rehabilitate the concept of resistance for contemporary political reflection.
Afterword: Illiteracy, Ethnic Studies, and the Lessons of SB1070
Authors: Acosta Abraham
Published: September 2014

This chapter reflects on the social and political impact of Arizona’s recent anti-immigrant legislation, SB1070 and HB2281. It argues that challenges to the Arizona legislation can no longer be conceived and articulated from within the biopolitical limits of the recién llegado. Instead a political agenda informed by and accounting for the sheer heterogeneity of los que nunca llegarán is the only challenge available that critically engages the conditions defining the contemporary at the U.S.-Mexico border.
Fugitive Rousseau
Authors: Klausen Jimmy Casas
Published: September 2014

Critics have claimed that Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a primitivist who was uncritically preoccupied with “noble savages,” and that he remained oblivious to the African slave trade and so used “slavery” and “freedom” callously. Fugitive Rousseau demonstrates why these charges are wrong and argues that a “fugitive” perspective on political freedom is bound up with the themes of primitivism and slavery in Rousseau’s political theory.
Rather than tracing Rousseau’s arguments primarily to the social contract tradition of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, Fugitive Rousseau places Rousseau squarely in two imperial contexts: European empire in Rousseau’s Atlantic world and Roman imperial philosophy. Rousseauian political freedom cannot be understood without locating Rousseau’s figures of savages and slaves on the frontier of European expansion and colonization and in the Enlightenment reception of Stoic and Epicurean ideas on slavery and natural humanity.
By placing empire front and center, Fugitive Rousseau thus shows how Rousseau’s work contributes to an international political theory and is thus not merely a theory of civic obligation and consent. Klausen critically examines Rousseau’s arguments on cosmopolitanism and nativism, developed in response to threats to freedom posed by European mobility and commerce, and pushes the cosmopolitan and nativist projects to their logical conclusions to reveal their limitations. Fugitive Rousseau then reconstructs an alternative Rousseauian conception, a fugitivefreedom, whereby a people constitutes itself, and affirms its freedom, in flight from domination.
Introduction
Authors: Klausen Jimmy Casas
Published: September 2014

After making the case that interpreters of Rousseau are wrong to ignore imperial themes in his work, the Introduction then undertakes two tasks. First, it explores why A.O. Hirschman found Rousseau’s political theory illustrative of the concept of “exit” but pushes Hirschman’s insights beyond liberal orthodoxy: the problem of “exit” in Rousseau illuminates not free choice but a radical democratic theory of flight and evasion. Second, the Introduction then establishes the importance of specifically Stoic understandings of primitivism, nature, and freedom in Rousseau’s work, derived in part from Seneca’s presentation of the figures of the savage, the slave, and the sage. Rousseau’s cultural primitivism is complex. He does not favor the earliest, totally asocial, state of human life, but he recognizes that the stage he does favor, sometimes called the Golden Age, is no longer accessible to denizens of civil society. As moral beings, the latter do not retain the balance of sociability and natural liberty characteristic of the Golden Age but must instead achieve freedom in social interdependence.
Replete and Porous
Authors: Rapp Jennifer R.
Published: September 2014

Rapp's introduction is both a reflective essay on ordinary forms of forgetting and their significance for how we think about selfhood as well as an anticipatory sketch of the major arcs of the book. The core of her argument is presented here in compressed form, namely, that ordinary oblivions in a life—and in a text like the Phaedrus—foster the kinds of unmooring needed for the self to change and for truer lines of sight onto the world (or the text) to be opened. She claims Plato's conception (and literary constructions) of the soul are a viable source for accounting for this change and that—against dominant consensus—Plato is fully relevant to contemporary ethics, in particular, to its discussion of fragility. She draws upon poets Theodore Roethke and Emily Dickinson to present her account.
The Teeming Body
Authors: Rapp Jennifer R.
Published: September 2014

“Forming an image of the soul through words” is an idea introduced in passing by Socrates in Plato's Republic that Rapp documents and examines in terms of the word-images of the soul presented in the Phaedrus. Through her close textual study of the “menagerie” of these images and their viscerally rendered, dynamic blurring of boundaries of various kinds (e.g. between humans, animals, birds, vegetation) Rapp argues that strictly dualistic interpretations of Plato's conception of the soul have missed more than they have seen. Drawing upon a Robert Creeley poem, Rapp sets forth the hermeneutic methods and principles by which she develops her approach to the Phaedrus, emphasizing that the text itself bears the seeds for interpretive trajectories disruptive of long-standing presumptions about Plato's ideas.
Ghost Ribs of Discourse beyond the Phaedrus
Authors: Rapp Jennifer R.
Published: September 2014

In the conclusion Rapp situates Plato in relationship to Aristotle, Euripides, and Zhuangzi (the 4th century BCE Daoist figure) in order to extend the scope and significance of the book's study of the Phaedrus to a broader, comparative consideration of understandings of human fragility and the forms of discourse best suited to expressing the character of human life. Focusing her attention upon Aristotle's domestication of forgetting within his account of virtue and Euripides’ and Zhuangzi's radicalizations of forgetting in their respective evocations of paradigmatic human states, Rapp argues that Plato can be regarded as holding a position somewhere between these two alternatives. Using Kay Ryan's poem “Post-Construction” to frame her argument, Rapp presents Plato and Zhuangzi as offering religio-philosophic directions (and, in particular, the concomitant forms of discourse needed) for moving past post-modern, social-construction-fixated, and agency-dominated approaches to human personhood.
Law and Revolution in South Africa
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: September 2014

This book grapples with fundamental questions regarding what type of revolution took place in South Africa over a more than 50 year long struggle. Each chapter grapples with the questions related to the idea that the revolution in South Africa was a substantive revolution, because of its insistence on the establishment of a democratic and constitutional state that recognized the thoroughgoing wrongs of the colonial and apartheid past.
Which Law, Whose Humanity?
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: September 2014

This chapter begins by examining the paradox of the law of the peoples, which historically has meant both international law, which is the way John Rawls uses it, and the law of subordinated peoples within an empire. In South Africa, the customary law was seen as the law of the peoples in the second sense. This chapter argues that the complexity of the living customary law, and its constitutionally recognized place in the new dispensation, can best be understood through the concept of policulturalism rather than multiculturalism.
Is There a Difference That Makes a Difference between Dignity and uBuntu?
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: September 2014

Since WWII, dignity has become an important legal and moral value in almost all of the instruments of human rights and international law, and has no been incorporated into constitutions as a foundational value and ideal, including in the constitution of South Africa. Within South African jurisprudence and critical theory there has long been a disagreement between whether or not uBuntu could simply be encompassed in the ideal of dignity. This chapter argues that uBuntu and dignity can and should be distinguished, it tries to delineate their difference, and yet also defends a position that uBuntu is able to defend the European ideal of dignity, even as it goes beyond it in its demands for economic transformation.
God Sets the Lonely in Families
Authors: Jung Patricia Beattie
Published: September 2014

This chapter explores the theological and ethical landscape of arguments about same-sex marriage. It examines in turn each of the arguments proposed by the Vatican and the U.S. bishops in their opposition to marriage equality and finds them insufficient to justify the church’s endorsement of civil discrimination against gay and lesbian couples. It demonstrates that homosexual couples can be open to the gift of life, that homosexual activity can be genuinely complementary, and that homosexual acts can be natural in the normative sense. It presents descriptions of multiple Catholic perspectives on marriage equality and arguments for why it will not harm marriage, the dignity of persons, or children. It provides several rationales for promoting marriage equality, including its advantages to couples, families, and society in general—the same advantages that accrue when heterosexual marriage is promoted. The chapter includes a response from the perspective of an African American Protestant minister and ethicist. The response notes the rising ecumenical consensus on matters of marriage, procreation, and homosexuality.
Same-Sex Marriage and Catholicism
Authors: Cahill Lisa Sowle
Published: September 2014

This chapter notes that Catholicism is not embodied primarily in its formal institutions, offices, or teachings—reaffirming that dialogue among the laity and between the laity and ecclesial hierarchy is a critical element of the Catholic Church envisioned by Vatican II. It also surveys the diverse theological terrain of current discussions, including the development of the concept of natural law as a product of practical reason rather than rigid and static legalisms. It describes three examples of inadequate hierarchical responses to contemporary theologians and the laity. It traces the modern evolution of official Catholic teaching on marriage and its purposes, with its recent shift to proclaiming the importance of love—thus creating a plausible Catholic argument for same-sex marriage. Inductive reasoning and pastoral concern both speak to the procreative and intergenerational family-building value of marital relationships, forms of value that promote the public good and are justifiably applicable to same-sex marriages and families.
Stosunki geobotaniczno-leśne północnej części Wyżyny Śląsko-Krakowskiej na tle zróżnicowania i przemian środowiska [The variability and changes of forest vegetation in the northern part of the Silesia-Cracow Uplands]
Authors: Hereźniak Janusz
Published: September 2014

As a result of geobotanical research in a 3500 km2 study area located in southern Poland it was determined that the native flora of vascular plants comprises about 1180 species, of which 46 are mountainous, 54 reach there the limit of their range, 5 are endemic, 44 threatened, 89 legally protected and many are rare in the scale of the country and region. Forests are differentiated into 17 associations and 3 communities. The dependence of the flora and vegetation on the type of habitat and human economic activity is demonstrated. Historical changes in the plant cover, mainly forest one, between the Middle Ages and today, mostly under the impact of anthropogenic factors, arę also presented.
Survey of pressure management in water distribution systems
Authors: Xu Minhua , Yang Jian , Hughes David M. , Lechevallier Mark W.
Published: September 2014

A survey was conducted to assess pressure management practices in water distribution systems. Most of the surveyed utilities agreed on the need to avoid low‐pressure episodes (< 20 psi). However, 56% of the utilities had no requirements for the maximum pressure delivered to customers, and 67% did not manage peak pressures in their systems. Only 13% of surveyed systems conducted pressure monitoring at critical locations—e.g., sites of highest or lowest pressure. Approximately 50% of systems reported at least one occurrence of negative pressure during the previous year; however, many more incidents of low and/or negative pressure may have gone undetected. The authors recommend that distribution system pressures be monitored in at least two locations in each pressure zone, representing the highest and lowest pressures. The recording interval could be set to 5–10 min with a 10‐s sampling interval. Impulse recording (when available) should be enabled to capture momentary pressure changes.
Targeting of ALK2, a Receptor for Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Using the Cre/lox System to Enhance Osseous Regeneration by Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Peterson Jonathan R. , Eboda Oluwatobi , Agarwal Shailesh , Ranganathan Kavitha , Buchman Steven R. , Lee Min , Wang Stewart C. , Mishina Yuji , Levi Benjamin
Published: September 2014

Access to readily available autogenous tissue that regenerates bone would greatly improve clinical care. We believe the osteogenic phenotype caused by mutations in ALK2 can be harnessed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to improve bone tissue engineering. We set out to demonstrate that ALK2 may serve as a novel target to (a) improve in vitro ASC osteogenic differentiation and (b) enhance in vivo bone regeneration and calvarial healing. Transgenic mice were designed using the Cre/lox system to express constitutively active ALK2 (caALK2) with ubiquitously inducible Cre expression after tamoxifen exposure. ASCs from caALK2+/− and caALK2−/− (control) mice were exposed to tamoxifen and assessed for pro-osteogenic gene expression, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and osteogenic differentiation. Next, ASCs collected from these transgenic mice were analyzed in vivo using a calvarial defect model and analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. ASCs from caALK2+/− mice had increased BMP signaling as demonstrated by upregulation of pSmad 1/5. ASCs from caALK2+/− mice had enhanced bone signaling and osteogenic differentiation compared with caALK2−/− mice (n = 4, p < .05). Transcription of pro-osteogenic genes at day 7 was significantly higher in ASCs from caALK2-overexpressing mice (Alp, Runx2, Ocn, Opn) (n = 4, p < .05). Using micro-CT and histomorphometry, we found that bone formation was significantly higher in mice treated with caALK2-expressing ASCs in vivo. Using a novel transgenic mouse model, we show that expression of constitutively active ALK2 receptor results in significantly increased ASC osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this increased ASC differentiation can be harnessed to improve calvarial healing.
Spatial Distribution of Niche and Stem Cells in Ex Vivo Human Limbal Cultures
Authors: Mariappan Indumathi , Kacham Santhosh , Purushotham Jyothi , Maddileti Savitri , Siamwala Jamila , Sangwan Virender Singh
Published: September 2014

Stem cells at the limbus mediate corneal epithelial regeneration and regulate normal tissue homeostasis. Ex vivo cultured limbal epithelial transplantations are being widely practiced in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency. In this report, we examined whether the limbal niche cells that nurture and regulate epithelial stem cells coexist in ex vivo limbal cultures. We also compared the inherent differences between explant and suspension culture systems in terms of spatial distribution of niche cells and their effect on epithelial stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro. We report that the stem cell content of both culture systems was similar, explaining the comparable clinical outcomes reported using these two methods. We also showed that the niche cells get expanded in culture and the nestin-positive cells migrate at the leading edges to direct epithelial cell migration in suspension cultures, whereas they are limited to the intact niche in explant cultures. We provide evidence that C/EBPδ-positive, p15-positive, and quiescent, label-retaining, early activated stem cells migrate at the leading edges to regulate epithelial cell proliferation in explant cultures, and this position effect is lost in early suspension cultures. However, in confluent suspension cultures, the stem cells and niche cells interact with each another, migrate in spiraling patterns, and self-organize to form three-dimensional niche-like compartments resembling the limbal crypts and thereby reestablish the position effect. These 3D-sphere clusters are enriched with nestin-, vimentin-, S100-, and p27-positive niche cells and p15-, p21-, p63α-, C/EBPδ-, ABCG2-, and Pax6-positive quiescent epithelial stem cells.
L'art de la multimodalité
Authors: Guillebaud Christine
Published: September 2014

Cet article examine le concept d’intersection à partir d’observations effectuées sur le terrain des pratiques rituelles en Inde. Ce concept permet de décrire différentes modalités de convergence qui unissent ou différencient les pratiques artistiques que sont la musique, les arts visuels ou encore la danse. Dans la perspective d’une anthropologie du sensible, l’auteure analyse différents procédés de composition consistant à associer des formes esthétiquesa prioridistinctes (ex : une formule rythmique spatialisée autour d’un dessin de sol ; un chant mis en décalage d’un mouvement dansé), ou encore à les dissocier dans certains cadres récents de performance. Cette démarche, fondée sur l’observation de rituelsin situ, est à même d’offrir un cadre de comparaison dépassant le terrain indien et ses spécificités culturelles. On envisagera en effet ces intersections comme de véritables médias de l’efficacité rituelle, tout en s’appuyant sur les théories locales dont ils font l’objet. Quelle est la nature de ces expériences combinant des expressions visuelles et sonores ? Comment les décrire et avec quels outils ? À travers l’association (ou la dissociation) des registres expressifs, comment les acteurs attribuent-ils des valeurs spécifiques ?
Linguistique, anthropologie, ethnomusicologie
Authors: Alvarez-Pereyre Frank
Published: September 2014

Les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales se différencient assez largement du fait de leurs objets et de leurs méthodes. Pourtant, plusieurs d’entre elles ont régulièrement mobilisé des modèles interprétatifs similaires : du modèle philologique au modèle neuronal, en passant par les modèles structural et stratégique. Or, il s’avère que de tels modèles ne sont pas que des opérateurs analytiques. Ils ont encore à voir avec les dimensions proprement constitutives des objets étudiés. Dans le même contexte, et sur les mêmes bases, il devient possible de revisiter des problématiques que l’on s’était habitué à qualifier par référence à un champ académique particulier. Ainsi du concept d’action, plutôt rattaché à l’anthropologie, ou de celui de signification, qui relève classiquement de la linguistique. Or, à propos de ces deux notions phare, les objets de la linguistique, de l’anthropologie et de l’ethnomusicologie permettent de dresser des topographies nettement plus denses et subtiles que ce que l’on en disait, révélant par surcroît des principes dynamiques insoupçonnés.
La contramétricité dans les musiques traditionnelles africaines et son rapport au jazz
Authors: Chemillier Marc , Pouchelon Jean , André Julien , Nika Jérôme
Published: September 2014

La mise en mouvement du corps à travers la danse, la présence d’une pulsation régulière qui rythme ces mouvements et le fait de contrecarrer cette pulsation par des événements musicaux placés à côté, ce qu’on appelle la « contramétricité », sont des points communs à la plupart des musiques africaines traditionnelles. Ils témoignent à la fois d’une disposition universelle du système cognitif (capacité du corps humain de se synchroniser avec des signaux sonores périodiques) et d’une dimension profondément culturelle dans la mesure où la contramétricité s’est développée dans ces musiques beaucoup plus qu’ailleurs. On montrera comment cet aspect contramétrique contredit les théories de la perception du rythme inspirées des hypothèses de Lerdahl et Jackendoff. On comparera également ces musiques avec le jazz, car celui-ci a une particularité qui le distingue des musiques africaines, à savoir l’existence de niveaux hiérarchiques dans l’organisation métrique, dont on montrera qu’elle n’est pas aussi discriminante que ce qui est généralement admis.
Pourquoi faire simple quand on peut faire compliqué ?
Authors: Helmlinger Aurélie
Published: September 2014

Comment un instrument de musique à l’ergonomie aussi difficile que ledouble tenor pana-t-il pu se diffuser aussi largement dans lessteelbands, ces orchestres de métallophones de Trinidad et Tobago, alors que l’évolution topologique des autres instruments tendait au contraire vers la rationalisation ? On tentera d’abord de comprendre ce qui rend cet instrument cognitivement si coûteux, puis on analysera ce qui a fait son succès. On verra notamment que le parcours de son concepteur, Bertie Marshall, est essentiel dans la construction des représentations à son égard.