bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics analysis of DA-8010, a novel anti-muscarinic agent
Authors: Ryu Hyunwook , Lee SeungHwan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: DA-8010 is a novel muscarinic receptor 3 (M3) antagonist with extended-release formulation for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB). The pharmacokinetics of DA-8010 present complexity during the absorption phase, characterized by multiple "shoulders", which cannot be adequately described by conventional first- or zero-order absorption models. The objective of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model capable of characterizing the PK profile of DA-8010, incorporating various absorption PK models.Methods: A total of 2581 plasma DA-8010 concentration-time data from 137 healthy subjects participated in three phase 1 clinical studies (NCT02821312, NCT05991401 and NCT05992428) were pooled for population PK analysis. Population PK modeling was performed using NONMEM® version 7.4, and first-order conditional estimation(FOCE) method was implemented. Model diagnostics included a log-likelihood ratio test, goodness-of-fit (GOF) plots and visual predictive check (VPC) plots.Results: The PK profile of DA-8010 was best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption followed by zero-order absorption incorporating an enterohepatic recirculation (EHR) component. The typical values of absorption-related population parameters included an absorption rate constant (KA) of 0.319 h-1, absorption lag time for first-order absorption(ALAG1) of 0.458 h, duration of zero-order absorption (D1) of 1.53 h, absorption lag time for the zero-order absorption (ALAG2) of 3.6 h, and fraction absorbed as zero-order absorption (F2) of 0.388. Disposition-related parameters were estimated as follows; apparent clearance (CL/F) of 539 L/h, apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F) of 6340 L, apparent peripheral volume of distribution (Vp/F) of 1470 L, and apparent inter-compartmental clearance (Q/F) of 135 L/h. The typical parameter estimate value related to EHR included an input rate constant into the gallbladder (K24) of 0.0751 h-1, while enterohepatic reabsorption time (T42) was fixed at 0.5 h.Conclusion: The final population PK model, comprising a two-compartment with first-order absorption followed by zero-order absorption incorporating an EHR component, effectively captured the observed PK properties of DA-8010.Citations: NA
Model Informed Drug Development (MIDD) Approach to Support Elzovantinib (TPX-022) Recommended Phase 2 Dose
Authors: Ma Xiaotang (Jessica) , Sheng Jennifer , Ghazarian Hani Maroki , Lam Justine , Cerra Michael , Cascella Teresa , Statkevich Paul
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Elzovantinib (elzo) is a novel, type I tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets MET, SRC, and CSF1R. Genetic alterations in MET, including exon 14 skipping (Δex14) mutations and other oncogenic mutations, amplifications, and fusions are present in many tumor types. Elzovantinib has been studied in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors and in healthy subjects from the food effect cohort(s). To select an optimal elzo dose for the Phase 2 study, a model-informed drug development (MIDD) approach has been used for the comprehensive analysis.Methods: PopPK model was established with 2473 quantifiable TPX-0022 concentrations from 90 subjects from the SHIELD-1 Phase 1 study (NCT03993873) and TPX-0022-03 food effect cohort(s). Exploratory exposure-response (ER) analyses for both safety and efficacy, and PK/PD simulations were conducted. The integrated MIDD approach, including nonclinical pharmacology data, clinical safety, efficacy, and PK data and analyses were applied to recommend the RP2D titration regimen.Results: The PK of elzo was described by a two-compartment model with sequential zero, first order absorption and a first-order elimination. A significant ER relationship was identified between single dose AUC and treatment related dizziness of grade 2+. Further modeling and simulations suggested 40 mg QD titration to 40 mg BID dose titration regimen is predicted to have a lower probability (40%) of grade 2+dizziness compared to 80 mg QD (49%) or 40 mg QD to 80 mg QD dose titration (51%) regimens. Additionally, a significant ER relationship was identified between the predicted probability of ORR and PK exposures (AUC, Cmax, Cavg, Cmin) after first elzo dose. To maximize efficacy and achieve rapid, substantial, and durable responses, the dosage of 40 mg BID was predicted that 98.9% of the subjects would reach steady state Ctrough which is over the minimal effective concentration (MEC) and during the entire dosing interval, providing maximum PK/PD coverage “around the clock”.1Conclusions: An integrated analysis of nonclinical pharmacology data, observed clinical safety, efficacy, and PK data, as well as population PK analyses, exploratory ER analyses for both safety and efficacy, and PK/PD simulations supported the RP2D regimen of 40 mg QD for 2 weeks and increase to 40 mg BID.Citations: [1] Derendorf, Hartmut, and Bernd Meibohm. "Modeling of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships: concepts and perspectives." Pharmaceutical research 16 (1999): 176-185.
Erotohistoriography, Identity, and Queer Times and Spaces in Michelle Cliff’s Novels
Authors: Vilouta-Vázquez Begoña
Published: February 2025

This article presents a discussion on Michelle Cliff’s project to unveil the counterhistories of Jamaica, buried, left out, and underrepresented by the colonial project. In the case of Abeng (1984) and No Telephone to Heaven (1987), an intersection of postcolonial and queer theories facilitates a unique reading of these novels as vehicles in this project to focus on the experiences of the marginalized and disenfranchised. Erotohistoriography is introduced as a concept that helps debunk the linear discourse of Western modernity: pleasurable moments experienced by both normative and non-normative bodies become instrumental in these reconnections between the present and the past, thus enabling the creation of non-official mappings of space and time.
Medical Humanities Pedagogy: Beyond Ethics, Towards Empathy
Authors: Wright Samantha Allen
Published: February 2025

Most medical humanities curriculums focus on students going into healthcare fields, with the intent of training more empathic practitioners and helping students learn about systemic issues like healthcare disparities and bias in medical research. Although these goals are vital, I argue that medical humanities curriculums benefit all students, regardless of majors and career goals. In this piece, I explore how a medical humanities focus in undergraduate humanities classes can increase medical literacy and help students become better advocates for themselves in healthcare settings. Furthermore, I examine how medical humanities topics, beyond ethics, can be a powerful pedagogical tool. Several years ago, I had the pleasure of reviewing Mita Banerjee's 2018 Medical Humanities in American Studies: Life Writing, Narrative Medicine, and the Power of Autobiography. In the book, she asks us to reconsider the relationship between medicine and the humanities, writing that we must think about “not only what the humanities can do for medicine but also what medicine can do for the humanities” (Banerjee 33). I’ve been thinking about that line ever since.
Photosensitizing effect of benzene oxidation intermediates on the action spectra of Bi2WO6/TiO2-N composites
Authors: Morozova Maria E , Lyulyukin Mikhail Nikolaevich , Selishchev Dmitry S , Kozlov Denis Vladimirovich
Published: February 2025

The dependence of the photonic efficiency on the wavelength, i.e. the action spectrum, was established for the test reactions of benzene and cyclohexane oxidation over the Bi2WO6/TiO2-N composites and individual components. It was found that the action spectrum curve for cyclohexane oxidation reproduces the light absorption curve, while that for benzene oxidation indicates some additional activity in the range of 400--550 nm. It was concluded that the intermediate products of benzene oxidation on the catalyst surface exert a photosensitization effect, which significantly increases the photoactivity of Bi2WO6/TiO2-N composites in the visible range.
Mild cuprous halide mediated direct C3 monohalogenation of indoles
Authors: He Xin , Sui Jie , Xu Jikuo , Wang Ziyi , Yuan Tian , Liu Di , Wang Liang , Zhu Qihua
Published: February 2025

Treatment of indoles with cuprous halide--N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide system in MeCN at room temperature affords the corresponding C3-halogenated derivatives. Cuprous halide acts as a dual-function reagent serving both as the halogen source and the promoter.
Battling a Broken Heart: Innovations in Behavioral Health for SCAD Survivors
Authors: Barnes Andrea M.
Published: February 2025

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a complex and under-researched cardiovascular condition, predominantly affecting women. Beyond its immediate medical implications, SCAD has significant behavioral health repercussions, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and impaired quality of life (QoL). This review synthesizes recent advancements in behavioral health interventions for SCAD survivors, highlighting current gaps and proposing directions for future research. By integrating insights from cardiology, psychology, and public health, this analysis underscores the need for holistic, patient-centered approaches to improve outcomes for SCAD survivors.
ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUPERVISION ROLE COMMISSION IX OF DPR RI IN THE HEALTH PROGRAM FOR THE 2014-2019 PERIOD: CASE STUDY IN THE PRIMARY CARE DOCTOR PROGRAM
Authors:   Lembaga Kajian & Konsultasi Pembangunan Kesehatan (LK2PK), Indonesia, Bahar Ardiansyah , Achadi Anhari ,   Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Prolonged health problems have been recurring for a long time have raised questions about health program and its supervisory. The supervisory function carried out by Commission IX of the DPR RI on its partners from the government continues to be carried out in various ways. However, analysis has never been conducted to assess whether the various supervisory activities have been effective. This study uses a qualitative method based on phenomena, symptoms, facts, or social informants. Informants are determined directly based on the principles of appropriateness and adequacy. The data is then converted into transcript form, then analyzed, and a Logical Framework is created. This study shows that Commission IX's supervision of the Primary Care Doctor (Dokter Layanan Primer/DLP) Program is ineffective because the program is regulated in the Medical Education Law which is a product of Commission X DPR RI and involves The Ministry of Research and Education (Kemenristekdikti), which is not a working partner of Commission IX DPR RI. Supervision by Commission IX of DPR RI on work partners can positively influence partners' performance improvement. However, it is difficult to conclude that the increase in performance is entirely due to oversight from Commission IX of DPR RI. The supervisory function of Commission IX DPR RI for the DLP Program did not work effectively because the program was regulated in the Medical Education Law which was a product of Commission X DPR RI and involved Kemenristekdikti which was not a working partner of Commission IX DPR RI.
A review of behavioral testing in decapod shrimp (Caridea) and prawns (Dendrobranchiata) with applications for welfare assessment in aquaculture
Authors: Campbell Dana L. M. , Lee Caroline
Published: February 2025

Evolving societal expectations are driving increasing interest in the welfare of decapod crustaceans, such as prawns and shrimp, grown in aquaculture. A key aspect of understanding an animal’s welfare-related needs is through assessing their behavior to determine how the animal is perceiving and interacting with their environment. Behavioral testing has been applied to livestock animals for decades, providing insight into their wants and needs to guide housing structure design and husbandry practices that improve their welfare. This review collated studies that have applied behavioral testing, primarily at the individual level, to decapod shrimp and prawns in the Dendrobranchiata and Caridea sub- and infra-orders respectively. This review aims to understand the types of assessments that can be successfully applied to these taxa, and what the results of testing may be able to inform us about in regard to the welfare of these species. While the sentience capabilities of these decapod taxa is still under debate, the behavioral testing applied to date across varying species demonstrates they exhibit preferences across multiple contexts, individual differences indicative of personality, cognitive capabilities, and behavioral indicators consistent with negative affective states. There is scope to learn from livestock welfare assessment using behavioral testing and increase the research focused on penaeid shrimp and prawn species of aquaculture interest. Application and validation of new behavioral tests can guide system optimization for aquaculture shrimp and prawns in relation to the welfare of the animals.
Preoperative Gargling with Magnesium Sulphate versus Lignocaine on Postoperative Sore Throat in Patients Undergoing Surgery under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Patel Jatin , Patwa Yashvi Samir , Shah Pooja , Shah Rajsi , Thomas Sara Mary
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Patients frequently experience throat pain after undergoing surgical procedures that require tracheal tube insertion, leading to patient discomfort. Various methods are employed to prevent Postoperative Sore Throat (POST), including preoperative gargling with Magnesium Sulphate and Lignocaine. These agents act through different mechanisms, with potential implications for intraoperative haemodynamic stability.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of preoperative gargling with Magnesium Sulphate (20 mg/kg) versus Lignocaine (4 mg/kg of 2%) in reducing POST and to assess the influence of these agents on intraoperative haemodynamic parameters.

Materials and Methods: In this randomised, double-blinded prospective clinical study at tertiary care centre Dhiraj Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Smt. Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Gujarat, India, from October 2022 to November 2023, 70 adult patients {ages 18-65 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II} undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to two groups of 35 each: Group M (Magnesium Sulphate, 20 mg/kg in 20 mL of 5% dextrose solution) and Group L (Lignocaine, 4 mg/kg of 2% Lignocaine in 20 mL sterile water). Both groups gargled for 30 seconds, 15 minutes prior to induction. Demographic data, haemodynamic parameters, and POST scores were compared across different time points intraoperatively (5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes) and postoperatively (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours). Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired Student’s t-test for numerical data and a Chi-square test for categorical data. Paired t-tests were used for comparisons within groups.

Results: Both Magnesium Sulphate and Lignocaine significantly reduced the incidence of POST (p-value <0.05). However, Magnesium Sulphate was found to be more effective than Lignocaine in preventing POST (p-value <0.05). Additionally, Magnesium Sulphate was associated with better haemodynamic stability, as assessed by intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate measurements. No significant differences in adverse events were noted between the groups.

Conclusion: Preoperative gargling with Magnesium Sulphate was more effective than Lignocaine in reducing POST and contributed to better haemodynamic stability during surgery. These findings suggest that Magnesium Sulphate may be a superior option for reducing postoperative discomfort and improving patient outcomes in surgeries requiring general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation.
Biosensors and noninvasive diagnostics
Authors: Karyakin Arkady
Published: February 2025

Biosensors as analytical devices are considered in this review, as well as their applications for noninvasive medical diagnostics. Particular attention is paid to the achievements of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Advanced biosensors based on the most advantageous electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide reduction (Prussian Blue) and the improved enzyme immobilization protocol from water-organic mixtures with the high content of organic solvent are described. Record performance characteristics of the elaborated (bio)sensors allow analysis of excretory liquids for noninvasive diagnostics. Diagnostic value of human sweat is shown through correlation in concentrations of key metabolites between sweat and blood. The construction, working principle and real operation of noninvasive wearable devices are discussed considering diabetes monitor as valuable example. It is concluded that noninvasive monitoring on the basis of just secreted sweat is not only painless and suitable for patient, but also the most progressive principle for wearable devices.
Targeting PD-1: A Computational Approach to Discover Small Molecule Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chen Hubert
Published: February 2025

Globally, cancer is a major burden of disease threatening human health. To date, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are monoclonal antibodies used as monotherapy or in combination, have revealed remarkable clinical success in a wide range of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Given the limitations of antibody therapies, orally bioavailable small-molecule inhibitors present a viable alternative.
The discovery of new therapeutic drugs is complex, costly, and time-consuming.  Leveraging a combination of computational methods can significantly accelerate the drug discovery process, enabling the identification of promising drug candidates from the large compound libraries. In the Silico Computational study, 30 hit compounds were initially retrieved by pharmacophore-based virtual screening. Thereafter, 5 compounds with lowest Gibb's free energy (ΔG) values, namely ZINC85867378, ZINC16267039, ZINC64219346, ZINC68604154 and ZINC20576138, have been chosen for further evaluation. This study establishes the workflow combining pharmacophore virtual screening, molecular docking, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion - toxicity (ADMET) prediction to identify possible small molecules that can interact with PD-1. The identified compounds might serve as starting points to design potential safe and efficacious molecules in cancer Immunotherapy. Further evaluation is necessary to optimize drug properties.
Awareness of Privacy Law among Supermarket Owners: A Study of Video Surveillance Practices in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Marwa Alex Robert
Published: February 2025

The widespread installation of video surveillance systems in supermarkets has facilitated unprecedented collection and analysis of personal data, raising significant concerns regarding customer privacy rights. Despite this extensive data collection, supermarket owners exhibit limited compliance with existing privacy legislation. This study examined the awareness of privacy law among supermarket owners utilizing video surveillance systems, grounded in legal realism theory and employed a qualitative research design. Data were collected through structured interviews with a sample of 60 respondents selected through snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that the majority of supermarket owners use video surveillance primarily for security purposes, with only a few utilizing it to analyze customer purchasing trends and preferences. However, their understanding and awareness of privacy law remain limited. Based on these findings, it is recommended that targeted awareness campaigns, training programs, and clear regulatory guidance be implemented to assist supermarket owners in complying with the Personal Data Protection Act No. 11 of 2022.
Financial Barriers to Adoption of Drip Irrigation: Assessing Initial Investment and Operational Costs among Small-Scale Farmers in Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Muema Charles M. , Koech Michael K. , Kerich Richard
Published: February 2025

Competition for water resources has become stiffer due to the rapid growth of population, industrialization and urbanization. Rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation are possible interventions to enhance crop performance in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of costs associated with drip irrigation on adoption of the technology among small-scale farmers in Kitui County, Kenya. Specifically, the study focuses on initial investment costs and operational costs associated with drip irrigation. The study employed a descriptive exploratory research design targeting farmers in Kitui County. Through probability sampling, 120 farmers were sampled, with 60 farmers using drip irrigation and another 60 not using the technology. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics specifically the t-test. The study found that perceived costs of adopting drip irrigation and operational costs were significant determinants of adoption among small-scale farmers in Kitui County. Farmers who had adopted drip irrigation found the associated costs more manageable than those who had not. The study findings suggest that efforts to reduce costs could significantly improve adoption rates. The study thus recommends that financial assistance programs, such as subsidies or low-interest loans, be developed to help farmers manage the initial investment costs of drip irrigation systems.
Physiological Evaluation of Small Onion for Increasing Yield through Growth Regulators and Nutrient Mixture
Authors: Nithila S. , Amutha R. , Devi A. Nithya , Vijayalatha R.
Published: February 2025

The production and demand for onion are relatively high. India has occupied the second position with 5.5 lakh hectares of area under onion cultivation with 77 lakh tonnes of production next to China in the world. Tamil Nadu is the major small onion producer for nearly 70 percent of total area in India. This work aimed to studying the effect of plant growth regulators and nutrient mixtures on growth, physiology and biochemical changes and yield of small onion. A field experiment has been taken at Horticultural College and Research Institute for women, Trichy during Oct 2023 to study the influence of plant growth regulators and nutrient mixture on maximizing the growth and yield of onion. The treatment includes control, foliar spray of Brassinolide 1.0ppm, Salicylic acid 100ppm, GA3 100ppm, NAA 100 ppm and combination of K2SO4 (1 %)  + CuSO4 (0.5 %) + ZnSO4 (0.5 %) by using RBD with four replication. Two foliar sprays of growth regulators and nutrient mixture has been given on 25 and 45 DAP. The growth characters Viz., Plant height (31.93 cm) and No. of leaves (20) were highest in Brassinolide 1ppm treated plants at 60 Days After Planting. The root length was significantly varied among the treatments. Among the treatments Salicylic acid 100 ppm recorded the maximum root length of (10.06 cm). The quality attributes of the bulbs include total Soluble solids (12.18%), Pyruvic acid content (2.57 µmolg-1) were found with the foliar spray of Brassinolide 1ppm. Among the treatments highest bulb yield was recorded by Brassinolide 1ppm. The yield increase was 12 % compared to control followed by Salicylic acid 100ppm recorded the highest yield.
Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Surface and Groundwater Frequently Used by Households in Some Districts of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Constant Zébré Arthur , Paul Attien Yao , Haziz Sina , Bethsabé Yao Amenan , Rose Koffi-Nevry , Nathalie Connil , Ibrahim Konaté , Lamine Baba-Moussa
Published: February 2025

Background: Water is an essential resource for life and health. Its sanitary quality is an ongoing public health issue. Indeed, water-borne diseases are constantly evolving. In underdeveloped countries, access to drinking water remains a major concern for populations. Due to water supply shortages in Daloa, residents are turning to different sources, such as surface water and groundwater, for their needs. However, the quality of these waters is not monitored, posing serious health risks. This study aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the various water sources used in the city.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Laboratoire of Agrovalorisation, Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, Jean Lorougnon Guédé University of Daloa, from March 2024 to April 2024.
Methodology: We analyzed groundwater from 2 boreholes and 2 wells, and surface water from 2 lakes. A total of 60 samples were taken, 10 for each site. Physicochemical analyses included pH, temperature and the detection of certain heavy metals (Fe, As, Cd, Hg, Pb). Microbiological analysis was based on faecal and total coliforms, faecal streptococci and fungal flora (yeasts and moulds). Following identification of certain strains, an antibiogram was performed.
Results: Surface waters (lakes) are highly polluted. Microbial loads are as follows: MAG (405.105-659.105 CFU/mL), fecal coliforms (685.103-766.103 CFU/mL), fecal streptococci (39.102-45.102 CFU/mL) and fungal flora (659.103-685.103 CFU/mL). These values are well above WHO standards. The identification of microbial strains revealed the presence of Listeria sp, E. coli and Pseudomonas sp, which are pathogenic microorganisms. The antibiogram revealed multidrug-resistant strains.
Conclusion : The use of this water would constitute a risk for the health of the consumer.
Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil Using Activated Sludge Derived from Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Wastewater
Authors: MODUPE KAYODE-ISOLA, TAYO , OLUSEGUN ADEBISI, OLUSOJI , SARAH OBUEKWE, IFEYINWA
Published: February 2025

Contamination of soil with petroleum hydrocarbons (HCs) is a serious environmental challenge, posing severe immediate and long-term impacts as many of their constituents are potentially toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. In this study, activated sludge derived from Vitellaria paradoxa nut wastewater was evaluated for its most effective component in bioenhancement of a sandy soil that is low in nutrients and endogenous microbial affinity for HCs (<10% of HC concentrations converted to CO2 in 30 d). Soils contaminated with aviation fuel, kerosene, petrol, diesel and crude oil (1%w/w and 2%w/w) were bioenhanced with (i) HC-adapted mixed-culture degraders derived from activated sludge (bioaugmentation only), (ii) sterilised sludge (biostimulation only), and (iii) activated sludge (combined bioaugmentation and biostimulation). Mineralization, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass-C and PAH-degrading Pseudomonas population were monitored in the HC-contaminated soils over 30 d using standard methods. A consortium of HC-adapted degraders (applied at 1.2×106 cfu·gsoil–1) consistently produced significantly (p < 0.05) greatest extents of HC mineralization (362–450 vs. 58–87 mgCO2·10gsoil–1 in non-amended HC-contaminated soils). There was no much difference in the enhancement using sterilised sludge or activated sludge (199–376 vs. 204–312 mgCO2·10gsoil–1 respectively). Increases in PAH-degrading Pseudomonas number from 3.4 × 104 in control soil to x.x–y.y × 106 cfu·gsoil–1 in HC-contaminated soils were observed. Ecophysiological indices (e.g. microbial metabolic quotient qCO2, microbial respiratory efficiency MRE, and microbial respiratory coefficient QR) showed that the augmented degraders were well-adapted to the HC-contaminated soils with strong biodegradability, particularly to heavier HCs diesel and crude oil.  This study revealed the use of activated Sludge Derived from Vitellaria paradoxa Seed Wastewater in bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil could serve as a potent and applicable non-toxic method for degradation of hydrocarbon for contaminated land for resiliency.
Development of Fuzzy Logic Automatic Fish Feeding System and Iot-based Water Quality Control
Authors: Indrawati Elsanda Merita , Suprianto Bambang , Kartini Unit Three
Published: February 2025

Rapidly developing technological advances make it easier for fish farmers to manage fish farming systems in an intelligent, structured, and modern way. This study discusses how IoT and fuzzy logic can be used to improve fish farming in an intelligent and modern way, which includes discussing important issues in managing water quality and optimizing fish feeding. The purpose of this study is to develop an IoT-based water quality control system and an automatic fish feeder based on a fuzzy logic controller. The method used in this study is the research and development (R n D) method. The input parameters in this study are temperature, pH, and water clarity, while the outputs in this study are: aerator working duration, heater working duration, cooler working duration, motor working duration, and the amount of fish feed. The results of the study showed an average error percentage of <5% so that the sensor can work accurately in determining water quality and determining the amount of feed; 2) the water quality control system can work well, where the heater, cooler, and aerator can work according to the quality of the pond; 3) the automatic fish feeding system has an average percentage of <5% so that it can work well and precisely in determining the duration of the motor and the amount of fish feed.
Nano-mediated Management of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Okra: A Novel Approach for Sustainable Crop Protection
Authors: Tagi Nangki , Bornali Mahanta. , Aparajita Borah. , Pranjal Kaman.
Published: February 2025

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of nanocomposite on plant growth parameters and multiplication of Meloidogyne incognita on okra. All the treatments improved the plant growth parameters in okra and reduced number of galls per root system, egg masses per root system, number of eggs per egg mass and final nematode population in soil except for the treatment with inoculated control (Nematode only). Among all the treatments, the treatment with AgNP @ 50 ppm + ZnONP @ 50 ppm was found to be the best treatment in increasing plant growth parameters while the treatment with carbofuran @ 1.5 g/pot and seeds treated with AgNP @ 50 ppm + ZnONP @ 50 ppm was effective in reducing root galls, egg masses, number of eggs per egg mass and final nematode population in soil. While analysing the biochemical changes, seeds treated with AgNP @ 50 ppm + ZnONP @ 50 ppm had significantly increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total soluble sugar, and total free amino acids contents compared to all the treatments.
Rigid and Flexible Bronchoscopy in the Sitting Position A Case Report and Historical Review
Authors: Dieter Raymond A. , Becker Heinrich D. , Kuzycz George B. , Dieter Raymond A. , Dieter Robert S.
Published: February 2025

Laryngotracheobronchial endoscopy techniques and equipment have rapidly advanced since the mid 1800's. Techniques and equipment continue to evolve as do the endoscopists. Older rigid equipment and endoscopy techniques have been rapidly replaced by the current modern flexible and video equipment training programs. Historically, sitting bronchoscopy has been utilized in both diagnostic and treatment situations. Upright positioning was more common when rigid bronchoscopy was the only option. As with many medical advances, older diagnostic and therapeutic techniques frequently are discarded and forgotten. Modifications in equipment have greatly reduced both the need for rigid and the need for the sitting position bronchoscopy. However, sitting or upright bronchoscopy utilization, usually flexible, continues on a limited basis at this time.
Isolation and NH2‐terminal sequence of a novel porcine anterior pituitary polypeptide
Authors: Hsi K.L. , Seidah N.G. , De Serres G. , Chrétien M.
Published: July 2002

An M
r 21 000 polypeptide, designated APPG, has been purified by reverse‐phase, high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC), from acid extracts of porcine anterior pituitary glands. This acidic protein possesses an isoelectric point of 4.9. Amino acid analysis shows that it is not a glycoprotein and estimates it to contain about 173 amino acids. NH2‐terminal sequence analysis allowed the determination of the first 50 residues unambiguously. A computer data bank search using a mutation data matrix and comparison with 269 012 protein segments indicated that this is a novel polypeptide sequence. However, this search revealed suggestive sequence homologies to a number of peptides of known sequence, including duck proinsulin (30%), Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein TVFV60 (24%) and pig secretin (26%).
Quantitative changes of high mobility group non‐histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 during rooster spermatogenesis
Authors: Chiva Manel , Mezquita Cristóbal
Published: July 2002

The quantitative changes of a group of non‐histone chromosomal proteins identified by its solubility, electrophoretic mobility and amino acid analysis as the high mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2, were studied throughout rooster spermatogenesis. The ratio HMG1/HMG2 remained constant (0.66 ± 0.04) during the transition from dividing meiotic and premeiotic cells to nondividing spermatids and from transcriptionally active cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes and early spermatids) to transcriptionally inactive late spermatids. The ratio HMG1/nucleosomal histone and HMG2/nucleosomal histone increase markedly at the end of spermiogenesis during the transition from nucleohistone to nucleoprotamine when nucleosomes are being disassembled. The high mobility group chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 were not detectable in the nuclei of rooster spermatozoa.
The human carcinoma cell line A431 possesses large numbers of functional β‐adrenergic receptors
Authors: Delavier-Klutchko C. , Hoebeke J. , Strosberg A.D.
Published: July 2002

The existence of β‐adrenergic receptors was demonstrated on whole A431 cells as well as A431 membrane preparations by means of binding assays using the hydrophobic 1‐[3H]dihydroalprenolol and the hydrophilic antagonist [3H]CGP‐12,177 as β‐adrenergic ligands. Binding was stereospecific. The receptors, as shown by competition studies, proved to be of the β2‐subtype and appeared functional in the stimulation of adenylate cyclase. The number of receptors per cell and the yield of receptor sites/mg membrane protein render the A431 cell a useful tool for the study of human β‐adrenergic receptors.
Serotonergic conversion of MPTP and dopaminergic accumulation of MPP+
Authors: Shen R.-S. , Abell C.W. , Gessner W. , Brossi A.
Published: July 2002

[3H]MPP+ had lower K
m and higher V
max values for its accumulation in rat brain synaptosomes than did [3H]MPTP. The kinetic parameters favored the uptake of [3H]MPP+ in the striatum to that in hypothalamus, whereas they were equally favorable for the uptake of [3H]MPTP in both regions. Hypothalamic uptake of [3H]MPTP and [3H]MPP+ was inhibited by desipramine, imipramine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Striatal uptake of [3H]MPP+ and [3H]MPTP was blocked by nomifensine and dopamine. These results support the concept that MPTP accumulates in serotonergic neurons where it is oxidized by monoamine oxidase B to MPP+, which is released and then is selectively accumulated in dopaminergic neurons via the dopamine uptake system.
The Cl− effect on photosynthetic oxygen evolution: interaction of Cl− with 18‐kDa, 24‐kDa and 33‐kDa proteins
Authors: Miyao Mitsue , Murata Norio
Published: July 2002

The interaction of Cl− with the extrinsic proteins of 18 kDa, 24 kDa and 33 kDa in the photosynthetic oxygen‐evolution complex was studied by comparing spinach photosystem II particles of different protein compositions. The 33‐kDa protein decreased the Cl− concentration optimum for oxygen evolution from 150 to 30 mM, and the 24‐kDa protein decreased it from 30 to 10 mM. The 18‐kDa protein did not change the optimum Cl− concentration, but sustained oxygen evolution at Cl− concentrations lower than 3 mM. The presence of the 24‐kDa and 18‐kDa proteins, but not each protein alone, markedly suppressed inactivation of oxygen evolution at a very low Cl− concentration and its restoration by readdition of Cl−.
Stimulation of protein synthesis, glucose uptake and lactate output by insulin and adenosine deaminase in the rat heart
Authors: Fuller Stephen J. , Sugden Peter H.
Published: July 2002

Protein synthesis
Insulin sensitivity
Adenosine
Adenosine deaminase
Precursors of mitochondrial proteins are degraded in the cytosol at different rates
Authors: Felipo Vicente , Grisolía Santiago
Published: July 2002

The stability of rat liver mitochondrial protein precursors in the cytosol was investigated. The precursors were synthesized in a post‐mitochondrial supernatant from rat liver, and mitochondria were then added at different times. The amount and pattern of proteins incorporated were determined. The precursors have different rates of transport into mitochondria. Some precursors are stable in the cytosol while most are degraded rapidly, with a half‐life of about 30 min at 30°C.
Monoclonal antibody to fibronectin which inhibits extracellular matrix assembly
Authors: Chernousov M.A. , Faerman A.I. , Frid M.G. , Printseva O.Yu. , Koteliansky V.E.
Published: July 2002

A monoclonal antibody L8 specific to fibronectin was shown to inhibit fibronectin incorporation into the fibroblast extracellular matrix. Antibody L8 could not interact with fibronectin complexed with gelatin. The results suggest the existence of a specific site on the fibronectin molecule playing a critical role in the assembly of the fibronectin extracellular matrix. This site is located near the collagen‐binding domain.
L‐tyrosine is the precursor of PQQ biosynthesis in Hyphomicrobium X
Authors: van Kleef Mario A.G. , Duine Johannis A.
Published: July 2002

A method was developed to study amino acids as possible precursors of PQQ biosynthesis. Cultures of Hyphomicrobium X, growing on [13C]methanol, were supplemented with unlabelled amino acids. Uptake and participation in metabolism were determined via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of derivatized amino acids, obtained from hydrolysed cellular protein, by measuring their 12C content. Several amino acids appeared to be incorporated into the protein to a significant extent, without degradation or conversion. Among these were the aromatic amino acids, L‐tyrosine and L‐phenylalanine. Using the same replacement approach, their incorporation into PQQ was determined by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy of purified PQQ obtained from the culture medium. It appeared that the complete carbon skeleton of tyrosine was present, forming the o‐quinone and pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid moieties in PQQ, while phenylalanine was not incorporated at all. Starting with L‐tyrosine, possible biosynthetic routes to PQQ are discussed.
Purification and partial characterization of two lectins from the cactus Machaerocereus eruca
Authors: Zenteno Edgar , Debray Henri , Montreuil Jean
Published: July 2002

Two lectins (MEAI and MEAII) were isolated from the cactus Machaerocereus eruca by affinity chromatography on mucin‐Sepharose and partially characterized with respect to their biochemical and carbohydrate binding properties. Both are oligomeric glycoproteins consisting of 35 kDa monomers. Amino acid analysis indicates that both lectins have similar composition with high amounts of glycine, glutamic acid and serine. MEAI and MEAII contain ∼ 36 and 24% (w/w) of carbohydrates, respectively. They agglutinate erythrocytes from several animal species. Binding specificity was directed to galactose‐containing oligosaccharides and glycopeptides. The M. eruca lectins are the first lectins to be isolated from a species belonging to the plant family of Cactaceae.
The human 32‐kDa stress protein induced by exposure to arsenite and cadmium ions is heme oxygenase
Authors: Taketani Shigeru , Kohno Hirao , Yoshinaga Takeo , Tokunaga Rikio
Published: July 2002

Exposure of HeLa and HL60 cells to sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride led to marked increases in cellular heme oxygenase activity. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis of [35S]methionine‐labeled cellular proteins indicated that these treatments also resulted in the induction of a 32‐kDa protein. Immunoblot analysis further showed that the 32‐kDa protein reacted with anti‐bovine heme oxygenase antibodies. Treatment of the cells with cobaltic chloride or heat induced neither the 32‐kDa protein nor heme oxygenase activity. It is concluded that the 32‐kDa stress protein induced by arsenite and cadmium ions in these human cells is heme oxygenase.
Formation of functional inter‐species hybrid photosynthetic complexes in Rhodobacter capsulatus
Authors: Zilsel Joanna , Lilburn Timothy G. , Beatty J.Thomas
Published: July 2002

A Rhodobacter capsulatus mutant strain deficient in all pigment‐binding peptides and hence incapable of photosynthetic growth was genetically complemented with a plasmid‐borne copy of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides puf operon. Hybrid reaction centers composed of R. sphaeroides L and M and R. capsulatus H subunits assembled in vivo, and host cells were photosynthetically competent. Light‐harvesting complex B875, also encoded by the R. sphaeroides puf operon, was present along with the hybrid reaction center. These cells emitted fluorescence, however, indicating an impairment in energy transduction.
Carboxypeptidase‐B‐like processing of the C‐terminus of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 in pig and human small intestine
Authors: Ørskov C. , Buhl T. , Rabenhøj L. , Kofod H. , Holst J.J.
Published: July 2002

We developed specific, C‐terminal radioimmunoassays for three proglucagon (PG) fragments: PG 151–158, PG 151–160 and PG 126–159 (glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2)) in order to determine the exact C‐terminal sequence of the newly isolated GLP‐2 in man and pig. The antigens and the antisera showed no mutual cross‐reactivity. By gel filtration of extracts of pig and human small intestine, the immunoreactivity eluting at the position of GLP‐2 was identified by the radioimmunoassays for glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (PG 126–159) and for PG 151–158, whereas the assay for PG 151–160 was completely negative. We conclude that the C‐terminal amino acid residue of pig and human ileal GLP‐2 is PG 158. Thus the basic residues, PG 159 and 160 are removed during its processing in the small intestine.
A Lateral Cap model of microtubule dynamic instability
Authors: Bayley Peter , Schilstra Maria , Martin Stephen
Published: July 2002

The co‐existence and interconversion of growing and shrinking microtubules have been termed ‘dynamic instability’, and have been directly observed to occur under a variety of conditions in vitro and in vivo. Previous modelling was based on the concept of an extensive, fluctuating cap of tubulin‐GTP to stabilise growing microtubules. A quantitative kinetic model is now presented in which only the terminal layer of the multi‐start helical microtubule lattice contains tubulin‐GTP molecules, comprising a ‘Lateral Cap’. In Monte Carlo numerical simulation, this model readily reproduces the decisive experimental evidence of microtubule dynamics, and predicts a co‐operative mechanism for microtubule transitions. The model also suggests how differing kinetic properties at opposite ends are the result of the intrinsic polarity of the microtubule lattice, reflecting the polarity of the tubutin α/β heterodimer.
Nα‐acetyltransferase deficiency alters protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lee Fang-Jen S. , Lin Lee-Wen , Smith John A.
Published: July 2002

Acetyltransferase; Acetylation; (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Identification of three in vivo phosphorylation sites on the glycogen‐binding subunit of protein phosphatase 1 from rabbit skeletal muscle, and their response to adrenaline
Authors: Dent Paul , Campbell David G. , Caudwell F.Barry , Cohen Philip
Published: July 2002

The in vivo phosphorylation stoichiometries of 4 serines on the glycogen‐binding (G)‐subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) have been determined. In fed rabbits injected with propranolol stoichiometries () were: site 1 (0.67 ± 0.09), site 2 (0.20 ± 0.07), site 3a (0.23 ± 0.01) and site 3b (0). After injection with adrenalin they became: site 1 (0.90±0.02), site 2 (0.72 ± 0.01), site 3a (0.23 ± 0.02) and site 3b (0). These results, together with other data, establish that site 2 phosphorylation by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase triggers dissociation of PP1 from the G‐subunit in vivo. They also demonstrate that a residue phosphorylated in vitro by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (site 3a) is phosphorylated in vivo.
Involvement of activator protein in the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Makita Yoshio , Okuno Sachiko , Fujisawa Hitoshi
Published: July 2002

The tryptophan hydroxylase activity of the crude extract from rat brain stem was stimulated approximately 2‐fold by incubation with cAMP analogues under protein phosphorylating conditions. The cAMP‐dependent activation process of the enzyme needed not only cAMP‐dependent protein kinase but also activator protein. The kinetic properties of the enzyme activated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase were very similar to those of the enzyme activated by calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II.
Nebulin as a giant actin‐binding template protein in skeletal muscle sarcomere Interaction of actin and cloned human nebulin fragments
Authors: Jin Jian-Ping , Wang Kuan
Published: July 2002

Nebulin is a family of giant sarcomere matrix proteins of 6OO–900 kDa in most vertebrate skeletal muscles. Recent sequence analysis suggests that human nebulin is mainly composed of a large number (> 200) of conserved repeats of ∼ 35 residues. Two cloned nebulin fragments, consisting of 6 and 8 of the repeats, have been expressed in E. coli using the pET3d vector. Both F‐actin cosedimentation and solid‐phase binding assays demonstrated a specific binding of these nebulin fragments to actin. This finding suggests that nebulin is a giant protein which binds actin at multiple sites in a template‐manner. The presence of an actin‐binding template protein in the skeletal muscle sarcomere may have significant implications in the assembly and function of the contractile apparatus.
Putative papain‐related thiol proteases of positive‐strand RNA viruses Identification of rubi‐ and aphthovirus proteases and delineation of a novel conserved domain associated with proteases of rubi‐, α‐ and coronaviruses
Authors: Gorbalenya Alexander E. , Koonin Eugene V. , Lai Michael M.-C.
Published: July 2002

A computer‐assisted comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences of (putative) thiol proteases encoded by the genomes of several diverse groups or positive‐stranded RNA viruses and distantly related to the family of cellular papain‐like proteases is presented. A high level of similarity was detected between the leader protease of foot‐and‐mouth‐disease virus and the protease of murine hepatitis coronavirus which cleaves the N‐terminal p28 protein from the polyprotein. Statistically significant alignment of a portion of the rubella virus polyprotein with cellular papain‐like proteases was obtained, leading to tentative identification of the papain‐like protease as the enzyme mediating processing of the non‐structural proteins of this virus. Specific grouping between the sequences of the proteases of α‐viruses, and poty‐ and bymoviruses was revealed. It was noted that papain‐like proteases of positive‐stranded RNA viruses are much more variable both in their sequences and in genomic locations than chymotrypsin‐related proteases found in the same virus class. A novel conserved domain of unknown function has also been identified which flanks the papain‐like proteases of α‐, rubi‐ and coronaviruses.