bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Assessing NARCCAP Regional Climate Model Credibility for the North American Monsoon: Current Climate Simulations
Authors: Bukovsky Melissa S. , Gochis David J. , Mearns Linda O.
Published: May 2013

The authors examine 17 dynamically downscaled simulations produced as part of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) for their skill in reproducing the North American monsoon system. The focus is on precipitation and the drivers behind the precipitation biases seen in the simulations of the current climate. Thus, a process-based approach to the question of model fidelity is taken in order to help assess confidence in this suite of simulations.

The results show that the regional climate models (RCMs) forced with a reanalysis product and atmosphere-only global climate model (AGCM) time-slice simulations perform reasonably well over the core Mexican and southwest United States regions. Some of the dynamically downscaled simulations do, however, have strong dry biases in Arizona that are related to their inability to develop credible monsoon flow structure over the Gulf of California. When forced with different atmosphere–ocean coupled global climate models (AOGCMs) for the current period, the skill of the RCMs subdivides largely by the skill of the forcing or “parent” AOGCM. How the inherited biases affect the RCM simulations is investigated. While it is clear that the AOGCMs have a large influence on the RCMs, the authors also demonstrate where the regional models add value to the simulations and discuss the differential credibility of the six RCMs (17 total simulations), two AGCM time slices, and four AOGCMs examined herein. It is found that in-depth analysis of parent GCM and RCM scenarios can identify a meaningful subset of models that can produce credible simulations of the North American monsoon precipitation.
Application of the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization in the prediction of mechanical properties for microcellular plastics
Authors: Yu Emily , Turng Lih-Sheng
Published: May 2013

This study presents the application of the micromechanical variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH) with a three-dimensional unit cell structure and a coupled, macroscaled finite element analysis for analyzing and predicting the effective elastic properties of microcellular injection-molded plastics. A series of injection-molded plastic samples, which include polylactic acid, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and thermoplastic polyurethane, with microcellular-foamed structures were produced and their mechanical properties were compared with predicted values. The results showed that, for most material samples, the numerical prediction was in fairly good agreement with experimental results, which suggests the applicability and reliability of VAMUCH in analyzing the mechanical properties of porous materials. Other findings were that the material characteristics (e.g. brittleness and ductility) influenced the predicted results and that VAMUCH prediction could be improved when the unit cell structure was more representative of the real composition.
Microbial Geography of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Simón-Soro Á. , Tomás I. , Cabrera-Rubio R. , Catalan M.D. , Nyvad B. , Mira A.
Published: May 2013

We aimed to determine the bacterial diversity of different oral micro-niches and to assess whether saliva and plaque samples are representative of oral microbial composition. We took minute samples from each surface of the individual teeth and gingival crevices of two healthy volunteers (112 samples per donor), as well as samples from the tongue dorsum and non-stimulated and stimulated saliva. DNA was extracted from 67 selected samples of each donor, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and pyrosequenced to obtain, on average, over 2,700 reads per sample, which were taxonomically assigned to obtain a geographic map of bacterial diversity at each tooth and sulcus location. Analysis of the data shows considerable differences in bacterial composition between teeth at different intra-oral locations and between surfaces of the same tooth. The most pronounced differences were observed in incisors and canines, where genera like Streptococcus were found at 40% to 70% on the vestibular surfaces but were almost absent on the lingual sides. Saliva samples, especially non-stimulated saliva, were not representative of supra-and subgingival plaque in the two individuals tested. We suggest that more precise sampling is required for the proper determination of oral microbial composition and to relate that diversity to epidemiological, clinical, and etiological parameters.
Celiac Disease in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Simpson Suzanne M. , Ciaccio Edward J. , Case Shelley , Jaffe Nancee , Mahadov Srihari , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter H.
Published: May 2013

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate screening practices for celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes across North America. The research question investigated was whether diabetes centers screen for celiac disease in type 1 diabetes more frequently than other facilities.

Research Design and Methods

A survey with 27 questions on screening practices for celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes was designed by experts in celiac disease and diabetes. Surveys were sent by email to diabetes educators and dietitians throughout the United States and Canada between December 2010 and May 2011.

Results

There were 514 respondents from 484 endocrine clinics, diabetes clinics, private practices, community nutrition centers, and inpatient centers. Thirty-five percent of work locations screened for celiac disease, with endocrine clinics reporting screening at the highest frequency (80%). Tissue transglutaminase was the most common screening test used. The most frequently recommended treatment of confirmed celiac disease was a gluten-free diet. However, only 71% of respondents recommended biopsy in patients with positive serologies. Most respondents (55.3%) reported that the gluten-free diet resulted in symptom improvement in the majority of patients.

Conclusions

Staff at endocrine clinics were more likely to suggest screening for celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Both low screening frequency as well as inconsistency in management of positive celiac disease serological tests indicated an increase in education regarding celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes is required. In addition uniform guidelines should be developed.
From Parenteral to Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Miller Malki , Vaidya Ruben , Rastogi Deepa , Bhutada Alok , Rastogi Shantanu
Published: May 2013

Background: Nutrition practices for preterm infants include phases of parenteral nutrition (PN), full enteral nutrition (EN), and the transitional phase in between. Our aim was to identify the nutrition phases during which infants are most likely to exhibit poor growth that would affect risk for growth failure (GF) at discharge and to examine factors associated with GF. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on infants born <32 weeks’ gestation. The neonatal intensive care unit stay was divided into 3 nutrition phases: (1) full PN, (2) transitional PN + EN, and (3) full EN. Weekly growth rates were calculated, and for each growth velocity <10 g/kg/d, the coinciding phase was recorded. GF was defined as a discharge weight below the 10th percentile. The nutrition phases during which growth inadequacy predicted GF at discharge were determined, correcting for other clinical factors associated with GF. Results: In total, 156 eligible infants were identified. Seventy‐six infants (49%) were discharged with weights <10%. Incidence of poor growth was highest during the transitional phase (46%) and was predictive of GF when adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, and severity of illness. Although energy intakes during the transitional phase were comparable to baseline parenteral provision, protein intakes progressively decreased (P < .0001), consistently providing <3 g/kg/d as PN was weaned. Serum urea nitrogen also declined and was correlated with protein intake (r = −0.32, P < .001). Conclusion: Growth was compromised during the transitional phase, likely related to decreased protein intake. Optimizing protein provision while PN is weaned is an important strategy to prevent postnatal growth failure.
The Role of Ideological Radicalism and Resource Homogeneity in Social Movement Organization Campaigns against Corporations
Authors: Yaziji Michael , Doh Jonathan P.
Published: May 2013

There is growing interest in the interactions among different sectors of civil society and the distinct organizational forms—both formal and informal—that occupy and transcend them. At the same time, the complementary nature of social movement theory and institutionalism is increasingly recognized by scholars seeking to understand these interactions, particularly the relational exchanges between social movements and organizations, including business corporations. In this study, we seek to contribute to this emergent literature by proposing a more complete theoretical and practical understanding of how the radicalism of social movement organizations influences the nature of the resource providers upon which they depend and, as a consequence, their overall strategy and tactics. Specifically, we draw on a survey of social movement organizations to explore the notion that ideological radicalism leads to more homogenous resource providers for SMOs in their campaigns against corporations, and that this, in turn, influences their selection of corporate targets and the tactics they use to influence these targets. We find evidence for our intuitions and describe how they may augment existing understanding of the strategies and continued existence of unconventional SMOs.
Writing Organization as Gendered Practice: Interrupting the Libidinal Economy
Authors: Phillips Mary , Pullen Alison , Rhodes Carl
Published: May 2013

While gender very much holds a place in organization studies, this is primarily in relation to being an object of study. Still largely silent and inexplicit is the gendered nature of what organization studies researchers themselves do when they research and write. Our overarching project in this essai is to render the gendered character of organization studies writing open for discussion, to disturb the taken-for-granted gender neutrality of the ways that organization studies is written, as well as to outline how it might be otherwise. The specific contribution we are led to is the setting out of the possibilities for, following Hélène Cixous, a bisexual writing of organization studies. We suggest that organization studies has been dominated by a participation in what Cixous calls a ‘masculine libidinal economy’. This is a system of exchange where science, mastery and rigour are not so much an effort in inquiry, but more a form of (rough) trade through which to appease the fear of castration; the fear of not-knowing. In looking for alternatives we review recent developments in narrative methodology in organization studies and extend this through the idea of the feminine libidinal economy and towards a consideration of Cixous’s practice of bisexual writing – a writing that challenges masculine orthodoxy by confusing it rather than attempting to replace it with another (feminine) orthodoxy.
Ricoeur and agent causation
Authors: Dauenhauer Bernard P.
Published: May 2013

It is common today to find in philosophical and scientific works the idea of agent causation dismissed as unintelligible. This article is meant to challenge that view. It argues that the conception of agent causation that Paul Ricoeur has defended is by no means unintelligible. Indeed there are compelling, even if not definitive, reasons for acknowledging the existence of such causation. The point of departure for this argument is Ricoeur’s reflection on the discursive character of human existence. To make my case, I focus on the discursive practice of offering and receiving recommendations. This sort of practice is integral to important areas of human activity, including scientific activity. Though it is often overlooked, agent causation is a necessary precondition for the intelligibility of this practice. I acknowledge that just how agent causation comes to be in the course of the biological evolution of human beings is ontologically enigmatic. Nonetheless, the evidence in its favor is not only intelligible but is too robust to be dismissed merely on the grounds that it is ontologically ‘inconvenient’.
On the politics of perception in moving image technology
Authors: Morris Martin
Published: May 2013

To claim that there is a politics to or expressed within media technology is of course by no means new, but it remains controversial and not always well understood. Walter Benjamin’s (1986b) essay from 1936 on the political import of media technology is often regarded as the starting point of such discussions, since it foregrounds a key theme in critical theory, namely the politics of perception. In what follows, I would like to review the importance of the politics of perception by first outlining Benjamin’s political analysis of cinema and then engaging with a critique of Benjamin by recent American cognitivist philosophy. This will allow a consideration of the competing phenomenological cognitive science of embodied cognition that I argue offers a better account of the mind and cognition than cognitivism. As a result of this analysis of cognition, I conclude that the philosophy of embodied cognition supports Benjamin's political theory of media technology.
Thoughts on access, differentiation, and implementation of a multicultural curriculum
Authors: Cavilla Derek
Published: May 2013

Identification of gifted students from diverse and underserved communities is traditionally low; however, there are ways to expand identification methods in order to make access to gifted education programs more equitable. Creation and implementation of multi-faceted and multi-dimensional assessments as well as tiered access into gifted education programs would allow students from underserved and diverse populations to apply their problem-solving abilities and propensity for creative thinking to their learning. This approach would allow these students the time needed to enhance and refine their academic vocabulary as well as gain greater exposure to environmental activities that they are lacking at home. However, improved identification and placement into gifted education programs represents only half of the issue. Once identified, gifted students from diverse backgrounds require differentiation of curriculum and infusion of their culture in order to fully meet their needs and enhance their path through education. This article provides insight and reflection into the approach used by a teacher of diverse gifted students in an underserved elementary school in Orlando, Florida.
A reflective conversation with Steven Pfeiffer
Authors: Pfeiffer Steven , Shaughnessy Michael F
Published: May 2013

The gifted remain an often misunderstood and underserved population. In this interview, Dr. Pfeiffer discusses these concerns and provides practitioners with timely information on who exactly the gifted are and the various ways in which they are unique. In this reflective conversation, Dr. Pfeiffer, a noted authority on gifted and talented students, explores practical, evidence-based techniques and guidelines for working with the gifted, their teachers, and their families. He responds to questions about how best to assist the gifted population in various realms, including home, school, and interpersonal relationships.
Reassembling Social Science Methods: The Challenge of Digital Devices
Authors: Ruppert Evelyn , Law John , Savage Mike
Published: May 2013

The aim of the article is to intervene in debates about the digital and, in particular, framings that imagine the digital in terms of epochal shifts or as redefining life. Instead, drawing on recent developments in digital methods, we explore the lively, productive and performative qualities of the digital by attending to the specificities of digital devices and how they interact, and sometimes compete, with older devices and their capacity to mobilize and materialize social and other relations. In doing so, our aim is to explore the implications of digital devices and data for reassembling social science methods or what we call the social science apparatuses that assemble digital devices and data to ‘know’ the social and other relations. Building on recent work at CRESC on the social life of methods, we recommend a genealogical approach that is alive to the ways in which digital devices are simultaneously shaped by social worlds, and can in turn become agents that shape those worlds. This calls for attending to the specificities of digital devices themselves, how they are varied and composed of diverse socio-technical arrangements, and are enrolled in the creation of new knowledge spaces, institutions and actors. Rather than exploring what large-scale changes can be revealed and understood through the digital, we argue for explorations of how digital devices themselves are materially implicated in the production and performance of contemporary sociality. To that end we offer the following nine propositions about the implications of digital data and devices and argue that these demand rethinking the theoretical assumptions of social science methods: transactional actors; heterogeneity; visualization; continuous time; whole populations; granularity; expertise; mobile and mobilizing; and non-coherence.
Politics and Personhood
Authors: Edkins Jenny
Published: May 2013

The faces of the missing are held aloft on placards in demonstrations or posted on walls in the aftermath of disappearances. They appear massed on the pages of newspapers and in the displays of genocide museums. Often nothing more than family snapshots given a public place, such images can be compelling. Although photographs of atrocity and war have frequently been discussed, little attention has been paid to these other images: images that do not show suffering but still seem, at least potentially, to be politically effective. How do these photographs work? What form of personhood do they instantiate and what politics do they point to? How are they different from other photographs? This article examines what might be special about a photograph, especially a photograph of a face, and how its political impact might be understood. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalytic concepts of trauma and subjectivity, the article suggests that a photograph embodies in its very temporal structure a personhood that is inimical to contemporary structures of sovereign power. The destabilizing political potential of a photograph, like that of certain forms of literary text, could be understood as arising from its potential as an encounter with the trauma that inhabits sovereign power and sovereign subjectivity but that is generally concealed. The account presented offers an alternative approach to the analysis of the politics of a photograph and gestures toward other manifestations of personhood and politics.
Affective Fields of Precarity
Authors: Vij Ritu
Published: May 2013

This article explores the affective structure of precarity and its gendered antinomies. Building on feminist critical engagements that call attention to the elision of reproductive and household labor in emergent theorizations of precarity, it draws on Lauren Berlant’s work on affective attachments to offer a reading of cinematic narratives of precarity in contemporary Japan, a space only tangentially referenced in a largely Euro-American discourse on precarity. Delineating precarity as an affective field of intelligibility, both inimical to yet potentially enabling of a feminist opening, this article offers an analysis of two films: Japan a Story of Love and Hate shows how the affective normalization of women’s precarity privileges the affect of loss for men in precarity, suggesting it is the loss of mastery entailed by the movement of men from once secure to insecure work that mobilizes an affective–political turn under the sign of precarity; in contrast, a reading of Tokyo Sonata as an allegorical treatment of precarity shows how the feminization of men wrought within precarity can open up the possibility for a normative rupture of prevalent gendered hierarchies.
Lacrimal neuralgia: So far, a missing cranial neuralgia
Authors: Pareja Juan A , Cuadrado María-Luz
Published: May 2013

Background

The lacrimal nerve supplies the lacrimal gland, the lateral upper eyelid, and a small cutaneous area adjacent to the external canthus. First division trigeminal neuralgia, supraorbital/supratrochlear neuralgia, and infraorbital neuralgia have been acknowledged as neuralgic causes of pain in the forehead and periorbit. However, the lacrimal nerve has never been identified as a source of facial pain. Here we report two cases of lacrimal neuralgia.

Case reports

A 66-year-old woman had continuous pain in the lateral aspect of her left superior eyelid and an adjacent area of the temple since age 64. A 33-year-old woman suffered from continuous pain in a small area next to the lateral canthus of her left eye since age 25. In both patients the superoexternal edge of the orbit was tender. In addition, sensory dysfunction could be demonstrated within the painful area. Anaesthetic blockades of the lacrimal nerve with lidocaine 2% resulted in complete but short-lasting relief. Pregabalin provided a complete response in the first patient. The second patient was refractory to various oral and topical drugs and different radiofrequency procedures, but she eventually obtained partial relief with pregabalin.

Conclusions

Lacrimal neuralgia should be considered among the neuralgic causes of orbital and periorbital pain.
Analysis of Plasma Multiplex Cytokines for Children With Febrile Seizures and Severe Acute Encephalitis
Authors: Hu Mei-Hua , Huang Go-Shine , Wu Chang-Teng , Lin Jainn-Jim , Hsia Shao-Hsuan , Wang Huei-Shyong , Lin Kuang-Lin
Published: May 2013

We investigated the plasma cytokine profiles of children with febrile seizures or severe acute encephalitis using multiplex cytometry to evaluate the role of cytokines in these diseases. Interleukin-6, -10, -12p70, -17A, -2, -4, -5, -9, -13, -22, and -1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured in the plasma from children with febrile seizures (n = 9) or severe acute encephalitis (n = 21). In multivariate analysis, interleukin-6 was significantly increased in the plasma of the febrile seizure patients compared to those with severe acute encephalitis, suggesting that interleukin-6 is activated during the acute stage of a febrile seizure. A lower plasma interleukin-6 concentration was significantly associated with severe acute encephalitis. The cytokine network may be deregulated in severe acute encephalitis via the persistence of an uncontrolled inflammatory state in the brain.
Perspectives of Rural Women
Authors: Shepard Melanie F. , Hagemeister Annelies K.
Published: May 2013

The study reported in this article explored the perceptions of rural women on custody and visitation arrangements with abusive ex-partners. Data were collected from questionnaires and focus groups with 23 mothers who were recruited from domestic violence support groups. Most mothers reported experiencing ongoing abusive and controlling behavior by their ex-partners related to custody and visitation arrangements. Counseling and legal services were most frequently used, while visitation exchange sites and supervision visitation and support groups were considered the most helpful services. Recommendations for rural areas include improving methods for screening and monitoring custody cases within the court system and improving access to child visitation services.
Federal Environmental Regulation Impacts on Local Economic Growth and Stability
Authors: Yan Wenli , Carr Douglas A.
Published: May 2013

Federal environmental regulations under the Clean Air Act affect employment as local economies respond to a changing regulatory environment. We analyze the net employment growth and employment stability effects of Clean Air Act regulations, characterizing responses in these key indicators of local economic development. Using nationwide longitudinal county data from 1980 through 2005, we find that enhanced employment stability is associated with nonattainment areas for total suspended particulates (TSP) and 1-hour ozone; negative employment growth is found in TSP and carbon monoxide nonattainment areas, whereas positive employment growth for counties is found in 1-hour ozone and sulfur dioxide nonattainment areas. Also, regulatory effects persist after attainment status has been regained for TSP and transitory persistence is seen after regaining attainment status for 1-hour ozone.
Full-scale measurement and analysis of train slipstreams and wakes. Part 1: Ensemble averages
Authors: Baker Chris J , Quinn Andrew , Sima Mikael , Hoefener Lars , Licciardello Ricardo
Published: May 2013

This paper describes a series of extensive and unique full-scale measurements of the slipstreams of trains of various types that were carried out as part of the EU-sponsored AeroTRAIN project, together with the analysis of the experimental data. These experiments were carried out with the fundamental aim of seeking to reduce the complexity of the current technical specifications for interoperability (TSI) testing methodology. Experimental sites in Spain and Germany were used, for a range of different train types – high-speed single-unit trains, high-speed double-unit trains, conventional passenger units and locomotive/coach combinations. The data that was obtained was supplemented by other data from previous projects. The analysis primarily involved a study of the ensemble averages of the slipstream velocities, measured both at trackside and above platforms. The differences between the flows around different train types were elucidated, and the effect of platforms on slipstream behaviour described. A brief analysis of the effects of crosswinds on slipstream behaviour was also carried out. Through a detailed analysis of slipstream velocity components, the detailed nature of the flow around the nose and in the near wake of the train was investigated, again revealing differences in flow pattern between different trains. Significant similarity in the far wake flows was revealed. These fundamental results form the basis for the detailed discussion of the proposed TSI methodology that will be presented in Part 2 of this paper. Overall the results enable the nature of the flow field around trains to be understood in far greater detail than before, and also allow the developments of a revised TSI methodology which is more efficient than current practice.
Influence of system parameters on the stability limit of the undisturbed motion of a motor bogie
Authors: Huang Caihong , Zeng Jing , Liang Shulin
Published: May 2013

In this article, the stability limit of the undisturbed motion of a simple railway motor bogie whose traction motors are fully suspended on the bogie frame is analysed. Under appropriate assumptions, equations of motion for the vehicle system are deduced by considering the lateral and yaw motions of the bogie frame, wheelsets and traction motors. Using root locus analysis, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the equations are calculated, and a stability assessment for determining the bifurcation point is proposed. The vehicle speed at the bifurcation point is defined as the bifurcation speed where the equilibrium position of the vehicle system loses stability. Parametric studies are undertaken in order to investigate the respective effects of the traction motor's parameters on the stability of the vehicle system. It is found that the stiffness, damping and mass properties of the traction motor have significant influences on the bifurcation speed. There exists an optimum natural frequency for the motor suspension, below which a relatively high bifurcation speed is obtained. Finally, the effect of the bogie's parameters on the optimum natural frequency is investigated, and it is shown that the optimum natural frequency is significantly affected by the primary and secondary suspensions, and the wheel/rail contact conditions.
Application of design rationale for a robotic system for single-incision laparoscopic surgery and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Yao Wei , Childs Peter RN
Published: May 2013

Current endoscopes and instruments are inadequate in some respects for complex intra-abdominal surgery because they are too flexible and cannot provide robust grasping and anatomic retraction. Minimal invasive surgery devices represent a sophisticated class of mechanical instruments making use of a range of mechanisms integrated into modular platforms that can be combined to undertake complex medical procedures. Although the machine elements concerned represent classic mechanical engineering devices, issues of miniaturization, surgical procedure compliance and location control conspire to present a design challenge. In order to capture, document and resolve the design requirements for this complex application, quality functional deployment has been applied in combination with design rationale, captured through issue-based information system mapping. This article reports the use of these tools to produce robot designs with improved dexterity and triangulation that are basic requirements in laparoscopy.
Apparent elastic modulus of ex vivo trabecular bovine bone increases with dynamic loading
Authors: Vivanco Juan , Garcia Sylvana , Ploeg Heidi L , Alvarez Gwen , Cullen Diane , Smith Everett L
Published: May 2013

Although it is widely known that bone tissue responds to mechanical stimuli, the underlying biological control is still not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to validate required methods necessary to maintain active osteocytes and minimize bone tissue injury in an ex vivo three-dimensional model that could mimic in vivo cellular function. The response of 22 bovine trabecular bone cores to uniaxial compressive load was investigated by using the ZETOS bone loading and bioreactor system while perfused with culture medium for 21 days. Two groups were formed, the “treatment” group (n = 12) was stimulated with a physiological compressive strain (4000 µε) in the form of a “jump” wave, while the “control” group (n = 10) was loaded only during three measurements for apparent elastic modulus on days 3, 10, and 21. At the end of the experiment, apoptosis and active osteocytes were quantified with histological analysis, and bone formation was identified by means of the calcium-binding dye, calcein. It was demonstrated that the treatment group increased the elastic modulus by 61%, whereas the control group increased by 28% ( p<0.05). Of the total osteocytes observed at the end of 21 days, 1.7% (±0.3%) stained positive for apoptosis in the loaded group, whereas 2.7% (±0.4%) stained positive in the control group. Apoptosis in the center of the bone cores of both groups at the end of 21 days was similar to that observed in vivo. Therefore, the three-dimensional model used in this research permitted the investigation of physiological responses to mechanical loads on morphology adaptation of trabecular bone in a controlled defined load and chemical environment.
A Qualitative Study of Risk Factors Related to Child Malnutrition in Aileu District, Timor-Leste
Authors: Mizumoto Kaori , Takahashi Toru , Kinoshita Yuri , Higuchi Michiyo , Bachroen Cholis , Da Silva Valente
Published: May 2013

Improvement in child nutritional status is one of the major health priorities in Timor-Leste. A qualitative study was conducted in Aileu District, adjacent to the capital of Timor-Leste, Dili, in September 2010 to determine the possible risk factors associated with the high prevalence of child malnutrition. In-depth interviews were conducted to 32 guardians of children aged younger than 5 years. It was observed that early termination of exclusive breast-feeding and a short lactation period along with an unsanitary living environment were associated with the nutritional status of children in the study area. Although previous surveys have reported poor food security conditions in the country, no statements from the subjects supported this contention. The identified possible risk factors for child malnutrition were closely linked to each other and were mostly modifiable.
The Relationship Between Changes in Employment Status and Mortality Risk Based on the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (2003-2008)
Authors: Kim Ji Man , Son Nak-Hoon , Park Eun-Cheol , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Tae Hyun , Cho Woo-Hyun
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the mortality rate and changes in employment status. This study used mortality data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. To analyze the relationship between the mortality rate and changes in employment status, the population was classified into employed, unemployed, or economically inactive. Demographic and socioeconomic variables such as gender, age, educational level, annual household income, marital status, and self-rated health status were controlled. In this study, the generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the relationship between the morality rate and the changes in employment status. The mortality rate was higher (odds ratio = 4.31) among the population that experienced a change in economic status from employed to unemployed than those who maintained employment. The mortality rate for the population who became unemployed or economically inactive was higher (odds ratio = 5.05) in cases of death by disease.
Hepatitis and splenitis due to systemic tetratrichomoniasis in an American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
Authors: Burns Rachel E. , Braun Josephine , Armién Aníbal G. , Rideout Bruce A.
Published: May 2013

A free-ranging, young adult, female American white pelican ( Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), found dead on the grounds of the San Diego Zoo Safari Park in Southern California, had severe multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis on postmortem examination. Histologically, within the large areas of necrosis were myriad pleomorphic, 5–20 µm in diameter, protozoal organisms with 1 to multiple nuclei. Ultrastructurally, the organisms were consistent with a trichomonad flagellate. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene identified nucleotide sequences with 99% identity to Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, which is a common inhabitant of the intestinal tract of galliform and anseriform birds that has occasionally been associated with disease, including typhlitis and hepatitis. Damage to the cecal mucosa in the pelican from trematodes and secondary bacterial infection could have allowed invasion and systemic dissemination of the organism. Exposure of the pelican to a variety of native and exotic anseriform and galliform birds at the zoological institution could have led to cross-species infection and severe manifestation of disease in a novel host.
Cholesterol granuloma associated with otitis media in a cat
Authors: Ilha Marcia R. S. , Wisell Carie
Published: May 2013

An 8-year-old, male neutered Siamese cat was presented with Horner syndrome and right head tilt. A soft tissue mass was observed in the right tympanic cavity, and bulla osteotomy was performed. Tissue samples retrieved from the tympanic cavity were sent for histology, and a middle ear fluid swab was sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity. Histologic diagnosis was of otitis media associated with cholesterol granuloma (CG). Bacterial culture yielded Pasteurella multocida and Leifsonia ( Corynebacterium) aquaticum. Middle ear CG is frequently seen in human beings and is associated with a variety of middle ear diseases including otitis media. Cholesterol granuloma of the middle ear has been experimentally induced in cats. The clinical and pathological findings of a spontaneous case of CG in the tympanic cavity of a cat with otitis media are described herein.
Using Principles of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses in School Nurse Continuing Education
Authors: Rosenblum Ruth K. , Sprague-McRae Julie
Published: May 2013

School nurses require ongoing continuing education in a number of areas. The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) framework can be utilized in considering school nurses’ roles and developing continuing education. Focusing on neurology continuing education, the QSEN framework is illustrated with the example of concussion management in athletes. QSEN strategies can stimulate change to the status quo and outline the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that need to be adapted. With their competencies and knowledge, professional school nurses can incorporate evidence-based practices in conjunction with input from health care providers and families to create high-quality care and positive outcomes for students.
Nurse Practitioners Aiding Frail Elderly Through Home Visits
Authors: Duckworth Joy M. , Repede Elizabeth , Elliott Lydia
Published: May 2013

By 2030, one in every eight people will be above age 65 and the worldwide population is projected to increase to one billion. Ages 85 and older are the fastest growing part of the aging population. New reforms like the Independence at Home Act and the Affordable Care Act make home care visits a more viable option. This literature review demonstrates nurse practitioners can provide home care visits as an extension of the medical home model. This will allow frail, elderly patients to receive quality patient-centered care in their home, thereby decreasing emergency room visits, rehospitalization, and workload on office-based primary care providers.
Retrieval practice is a robust memory aid for memory-impaired patients with MS
Authors: Sumowski James F , Leavitt Victoria M , Cohen Amanda , Paxton Jessica , Chiaravalloti Nancy D , DeLuca John
Published: May 2013

Memory impairment is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). Retrieval practice is a powerful memory technique whereby retrieving information (quizzing oneself) leads to better memory than restudying. In a within-subjects experiment, 12 memory-impaired MS patients encoded verbal paired associates (VPAs) through massed restudy (MR), spaced restudy (SR), or retrieval practice (RP). Half of VPAs were tested after short delay (30 minutes) and half after long delay (one week). RP robustly improved memory more than restudy. Short delay: MR=15.6%, SR=27.1%, RP=72.9%. Long delay: MR=1.0%, SR=4.2%, RP=24.0%. RP was the best memory technique for nearly all patients after both short and long delays.
Developing cognitive complexity from the expatriate experience
Authors: Fee Anthony , Gray Sidney J , Lu Steven
Published: May 2013

This study examines whether an international work assignment can contribute toward expatriates developing greater cognitive complexity, the core building block of a global mindset and a capability critical to being an effective cross-cultural operative. Using a pre-test–post-test longitudinal panel design, cognitive changes in a sample of Australian and New Zealand expatriates working in 18 different countries were measured. The findings show that, as a group, the expatriates’ levels of cognitive complexity increased significantly during the 12-month study period. The individuals who experienced the largest increase were those who interacted most frequently with host culture nationals.
National differences in intrinsic and extrinsic work values
Authors: Parboteeah K Praveen , Cullen John B , Paik Yongsun
Published: May 2013

In this article, we develop a new approach to further understand cross-national differences in work values by examining the effects of post-industrialization, an important social institution, on work values. We hypothesize that post-industrialization is positively related to intrinsic work values and negatively related to extrinsic work values. Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, we control for national culture and test our hypotheses on 30,974 individuals from 25 countries. Results showed partial support for our hypotheses. Specifically, we find that post-industrialization is negatively related to both extrinsic and intrinsic work values. We discuss the counterintuitive findings for intrinsic work values. However, the study provides support for our fundamental assertion that social institutions, and in our case, post-industrialization, are important in understanding cross-national differences in work values. We discuss the implications of our study for future research and for practicing managers.
Automation, Task, and Context Features
Authors: Mosier Kathleen L. , Fischer Ute , Morrow Daniel , Feigh Karen M. , Durso Francis T. , Sullivan Katlyn , Pop Vlad
Published: May 2013

Human–automation interaction (HAI) takes place in virtually every high-technology domain under a variety of operational conditions. Because operators make HAI decisions such as which mode to use, and when to engage, disengage, monitor, or cross-check automation, it is important to understand their perceptions of how system and situational characteristics affect their interaction with automation. The objective of this study was to examine how systematic variations of automation interface, task and context features influence professional pilots’ judgments of HAI situations. Pilots received descriptions of crews interacting with flight deck automation in specific situations and were asked to rate cognitive demands and predict behaviors. Results reflect a complex interplay among automation features, task, and context. Automation features influenced judgments of workload, task management, and potential for automation-related errors; however, the impact of automation on situation awareness seems to be moderated by task features. Unanticipated tasks had broader effects on pilots’ judgments than operational stressors. Results suggest that although changes to automated systems may be small in technical terms, their cognitive and behavioral impact on operators may be significant. Performance effects of automation changes in aviation as well as other domains need to be addressed with reference to task characteristics and situational demands.
Mise en place d’un programme de transfert et de mesure de compétences en direction du patient cardiovasculaire (Educ Cv)
Authors: Thiam Yacine , Pruilhere-Vaquier Sylvie , Grondin Marie-Ange , Cherillat Marie Sophie , Pereira Bruno , Marty Laurent , Cassagnes Jean , Gerbaud Laurent
Published: May 2013

Educ Cv est un programme de transfert et de mesure de compétences en direction du patient à risques cardiovasculaires à travers des actions d’éducation thérapeutique. Son projet est de promouvoir des programmes communs et partagés d’éducation thérapeutique chez les différentes équipes du Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) de Clermont-Ferrand, intervenant auprès de ce type de patients. Il a également pour objectif de promouvoir des outils communs de mesure des acquisitions du patient mais également d’évaluation de l’efficacité des interventions en éducation thérapeutique aussi bien durant l’hospitalisation court séjour que durant la prise en charge courante du médecin généraliste, notamment chez les patients insuffisants cardiaques. L’objectif de cet article est de présenter le processus de mise en œuvre du programme et ses premières réalisations.
Evaluation sociologique d’un projet d’amélioration de l’offre alimentaire (hors restauration scolaire) dans des collèges et lycées d’Aquitaine : perception et analyse des élèves sur les actions d’éducation pour la santé
Authors: Carriere Caroline , Langevin Coralie , Lamaison Marie , Duboys de Labarre Mathieu , Maurice Sylvie , Thibault Hélène
Published: May 2013

Le projet « Amélioration de l’offre alimentaire (hors restauration scolaire) et accompagnement pédagogique» a été mis en place en 2007–2008 et 2008–2009 dans 26 établissements du second degré d’Aquitaine. Il avait pour but de favoriser la consommation de fruits et pain chez les adolescents et de limiter la disponibilité des produits gras et sucrés au foyer des élèves. L’évaluation sociologique de ce projet a montré que l’adhésion des élèves dépendait fortement de la cohérence et des modalités de mise en place. Ainsi, l’adhésion des élèves, voire le changement de leurs habitudes alimentaires, est favorisé par la justification du changement d’offre via des actions d’éducation à la santé ludiques impliquant les élèves, l’intégration du projet dans une dynamique globale d’établissement (implication des équipes éducative, médicale et de restauration scolaire) et la prise en compte des préoccupations des adolescents (éloignées des aspects santé de l’alimentation).
Therapeutic education among adults with type 2 diabetes: effects of a three-day intervention on perceived competence, self-management behaviours and glycaemic control
Authors: Trouilloud David , Regnier Jennifer
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a three-day therapeutic education programme on perceived competence, self-management behaviours (i.e. physical activity, diet and medication) and glycaemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. A total of 120 participants were included in this randomized, wait list control group trial. The results confirm that therapeutic education may be a powerful healthcare intervention to improve lifestyle and health status of people with type 2 diabetes. We observed that the education programme used in this study generated positive changes in glycaemic control and adherence to physical activity and diet after three months follow-up. Furthermore, the intervention positively impacted participants’ perceived competence towards physical activity and diet. The latter finding is of particular importance, given that perceived competence has been found to be involved in long-term adherence to self-management behaviours.
Supporting families in challenging contexts: the CAPEDP project
Authors: Saïas Thomas , Greacen Tim , Tubach Florence , Dugravier Romain , Marcault Estelle , Tereno Susana , Tremblay Richard E , Guédeney Antoine ,   the CAPEDP study group
Published: May 2013

Although France has one of the most generous health and social care systems for infant and maternal well-being in the Western world, professionals have been increasingly concerned by the rising number of children being referred for mental health problems. The present article describes the first home-visiting program in France to specifically target mental health questions in families living in vulnerable contexts. The CAPEDP project, involving 440 women and their families, took place in Paris and its inner suburbs from 2006 to 2011. To be eligible for inclusion, women had to be (i) under 26 years old, (ii) less that 27 weeks pregnant, (iii) sufficiently fluent in French to give truly informed consent to participate in the study and benefit from the intervention and (iv) presenting with one or more of the following social vulnerability factors: low income, low educational level, and/or intending to bring up the child without the child’s father. The intervention consisted of 44 home visits from the third trimester of pregnancy through to the child’s second birthday. The aim of the intervention was to promote infant mental health and reduce the incidence of infant mental health problems at the age of two years. The intervention paid particular attention to postnatal maternal depression and promoting parenting skills and attachment security, particularly through the use of video during home-visits. A major issue was that of adapting international best practice recommendations with regard to home-visiting programs to the particularities of the existing French social and health care system. An original aspect of the intervention was to use trained clinical psychologists to conduct all home visits.