bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heavy sea louse infection is associated with decreased stomach fullness in wild juvenile sockeye salmon
Authors: Godwin Sean C. , Krkošek Martin , Reynolds John D. , Rogers Luke A. , Dill Lawrence M.
Published: December 2017

Foraging success can be mediated by parasites, but this is poorly understood for marine fish whose aggregations and patchy prey fields create conditions for intense intraspecific competition. We evaluated whether sea louse infection is associated with decreased stomach fullness of wild juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in Johnstone Strait, British Columbia, during their marine migration from the Fraser River. Caligus clemensi comprised 98.6% of the pre-adult and adult lice and 86.5% of the copepodites (freshly attached juvenile lice); the rest were Lepeophtheirus salmonis. We found that infection status was an important predictor of relative stomach fullness for juvenile sockeye (wet stomach content mass divided by body mass), as indicated by mixed-effects model selection, and that highly infected fish had 17% ± 8% lower relative stomach fullness than did lightly infected fish. This louse-associated reduction in relative stomach fullness occurs as the juvenile sockeye migrate through a food-limited environment and, presumably, elevated competition. Given that early marine growth for juvenile salmon is often a predictor of survival, our results highlight the importance of understanding sublethal effects of parasites on salmonids and possibly other fish species.
Temperature regimes, growth, and food consumption for female and male adult walleye in Lake Huron and Lake Erie: a bioenergetics analysis
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , Hayden Todd A. , Peat Tyler B. , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Fielder David G. , Gorman Ann Marie , Pothoven Steven A. , Dettmers John M. , Cooke Steven J. , Zhao Yingming , Krueger Charles C.
Published: December 2017

Bioenergetics modeling was used to assess the relative importance of food availability and water temperature in determining walleye (Sander vitreus) growth. Temperature regimes experienced by both female and male adult walleye in three basins of Lake Huron and in Lake Erie were determined by use of surgically implanted temperature loggers and acoustic telemetry. Temperatures experienced by walleye were higher in Lake Erie than in Lake Huron. Walleye from Lake Erie grew at nearly double the rate of walleye from Lake Huron, and mass at age for adult females averaged about 50% greater than that for adult males in both lakes. Food consumption rate for an average adult walleye in Lake Erie was nearly twice as high as that in Lake Huron. Interbasin and interlake variability in temperature regimes accounted for a moderate degree of variability in walleye growth. We concluded that the driver for faster growth in Lake Erie compared with Lake Huron was higher food availability in Lake Erie compared with Lake Huron. The sex difference in temperature regimes explained 15% of the sex difference in Lake Erie walleye growth.
Effects of substrate availability and competing vegetation on natural regeneration of white spruce on logged boreal mixedwood sites
Authors: Kokkonen Nicola A. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Curran Ian , Landhäusser Simon M. , Lieffers Victor J.
Published: December 2017

Given a seed source, the quality of available substrates is a key factor in determining the success of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) natural regeneration. We examined the influence of substrate and competing vegetation on survival and growth of natural regeneration of white spruce up to 4 years following harvesting in deciduous-dominated upland boreal mixedwood sites. Feather moss, thick soil surface organic layers, litter, and solid wood were poor substrates for establishment. Early successional mosses establishing on mineral soil, thin organics, and rotten wood were generally favourable microsites but were not highly available on postharvest sites. Mineral soil substrates were not as suitable as expected, likely because on a postlogged site, they are associated with unfavourable environmental characteristics (e.g., low nutrient availability, exposure). There was some evidence that survival and growth of seedlings were improved by surrounding vegetation in the first years, but heavy competing vegetation had a negative impact on older seedlings. Burial by aspen litter greatly increased seedling mortality, especially when combined with a brief period of submergence due to heavy spring snowmelt. The results provide insight into conditions under which natural regeneration could be an option for establishing white spruce following harvesting of deciduous-dominated boreal mixedwood forests.
Reduction of cadmium uptake in rice endophytically colonized with the cadmium-tolerant bacterium Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3
Authors: Punjee Putthita , Siripornadulsil Wilailak , Siripornadulsil Surasak
Published: December 2017

The effects of the cadmium (Cd)-tolerant bacterium Cupriavidus taiwanensis KKU2500-3 on the growth, yield, and Cd concentration in rice grains were investigated in the rice variety Phitsanulok 2 (PL2), which was cultivated in a hydroponic greenhouse. The numbers of Cd-tolerant bacteria isolated from the roots and shoots of plants under the RB (rice with bacteria) and RBC (rice with bacteria and Cd) treatments ranged from 2.60 to 9.03 and from 3.99 to 9.60 log cfu·g−1 of PL2, respectively. This KKU2500-3 strain was successfully colonized in rice, indicating that it was not only nontoxic to the plants but also became distributed and reproduced throughout the plants. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the bacterium to the root surface, whereas the internally colonized bacteria were located in the vascular tissue, cell wall, and intercellular space. Although the Cd contents found in PL2 were very high (189.10 and 79.49 mg·kg−1 in the RC (rice with Cd) and RBC roots, respectively), the Cd accumulated inside the rice seeds at densities of only 3.10 and 1.31 mg·kg−1, respectively; thus, the bacteria reduced the Cd content to 57.74% of the control content. Therefore, the colonizing bacteria likely acted as an inhibitor of Cd translocation in PL2.
Identification of Agricultural Management Zones Through Clustering Algorithms with Thermal and Multispectral Satellite Imagery
Authors: Arango R. B. , Campos A. M. , Combarro E. F. , Canas E. R. , Díaz I.
Published: December 2017

Precision Agriculture entails the appropriate management of the inherent variability of soil and crops, resulting in an increase of economic benefits and a reduction of environmental impact. However, site-specific treatments require maps of the soil variability to identify areas of land that share similar properties. In order to produce these maps, we propose a cost-efficient method that combines clustering algorithms with publicly available satellite imagery. The method does not require exploring the parcels with any special equipment or taking samples of the soil for laboratory analysis. The proposed method was tested in a case study for three vineyard parcels with topographical dissimilarities. The study compares different spectral and thermal bands from the Landsat 8 satellite as well as vegetation and moisture indices to determine which one produces the best clustering. The experimental results seem promising for identification of agricultural management zones. The findings suggest that thermal bands produce better clustering than those based on the NDVI index.
Four-qubit systems and dyonic black Hole–Black branes in superstring theory
Authors: Belhaj A. , Bensed M. , Benslimane Z. , Sedra M. B. , Segui A.
Published: December 2017

Using dyonic solutions in the type IIA superstring theory on Calabi–Yau (CY) manifolds, we reconsider the study of black objects and quantum information theory using string/string duality in six dimensions. Concretely, we relate four-qubits with a stringy quaternionic moduli space of type IIA compactification associated with a dyonic black solution formed by black holes (BHs) and black 2-branes (B2B) carrying eight electric charges and eight magnetic charges. This connection is made by associating the cohomology classes of the heterotic superstring on [Formula: see text] to four-qubit states. These states are interpreted in terms of such dyonic charges resulting from the quaternionic symmetric space [Formula: see text] corresponding to a [Formula: see text] sigma model superpotential in two dimensions. The superpotential is considered as a functional depending on four quaternionic fields mapped to a class of Clifford algebras denoted as [Formula: see text]. A link between such an algebra and the cohomology classes of [Formula: see text] in heterotic superstring theory is also given.
Nonexistence of certain Galois representations for quadratic fields
Authors: Gamzon Adam , Miller Lance Edward
Published: December 2017

We establish new cases of quadratic number fields [Formula: see text] unramified away from a prime [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] whose absolute Galois group has no irreducible two-dimensional continuous Galois representations in [Formula: see text]. Our work builds on methods of Moon–Taguchi and Şengün and the usual analytic techniques of Odlyzko and Poitou where we note one of the new conditional cases arises via a correction of Poitou’s estimate. The results here seem optimal in that it seems these methods alone will yield no further cases either due to prohibitive computational issues or a failure of the analytic obstructions.
On the fourth power moment of the error term for the divisor problem with congruence conditions
Authors: Li Jinjiang , Zhang Min
Published: December 2017

Let [Formula: see text] denote the number of factorizations [Formula: see text], where each of the factors [Formula: see text] belongs to a prescribed congruence class [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the error term of the asymptotic formula of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic formula of the fourth power moment of [Formula: see text] and prove that [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], which improves the previous value [Formula: see text] of Liu [On higher-power moments of the error term for the divisor problem with congruence conditions, Monatsh. Math. 163(2) (2011) 175–195].
Laser Pulse Heating of a Semi-Infinite Solid Based on a Two-Temperature Theory with Temperature Dependence
Authors: Zenkour Ashraf M. , Abouelregal Ahmed E.
Published: December 2017

A two-temperature theory of the generalized thermoelasticity is proposed to study the effect of temperature dependence on a semi-infinite medium. The surface of bounding plane of the medium is under a non-Gaussian laser pulse. Lamé’s coefficients and the thermal conductivity are supposed as temperature-dependent linear functions. The dual-phase-lags (DPLs) theory of the generalized thermoelasticity is applied to treat with the present problem. The analytical solution for different boundary conditions may be deduced by using Laplace transform technique. The numerical results are obtained by using the inverse of Laplace transforms. The comparisons have been graphically presented to show the effects of PLs, temperature discrepancy, laser pulse and laser intensity parameters on field quantities. Also, the results are compared with those obtained from the mechanical and thermal material properties with the temperature independence.
Fault Injection for Test-Driven Development of Robust SoC Firmware
Authors: Maier Petra R. , Kleeberger Veit B. , Mueller-Gritschneder Daniel , Schlichtmann Ulf
Published: December 2017

Robustness against errors in hardware must be considered from the very beginning of safety-critical system-on-chip firmware design. Therefore, we present fault injection for test-driven development (TDD) of robust firmware. As TDD is based on instant feedback to the designer, fault injection must execute within few minutes. In contrast to state-of-the-art approaches, we avoid long simulation scenarios and runtimes by injecting faults at the unit level and utilizing host-compiled simulation. Further, three static bit-level analyses of firmware source code and hardware specification reduce the fault set significantly. This accelerates fault injection by several orders of magnitude and enables robustness-aware TDD.
Towards Reasoning Vehicles
Authors: Tal Irina , Muntean Gabriel-Miro
Published: December 2017

Vehicular networks and their associated technologies enable an extremely varied plethora of applications and therefore attract increasing attention from a wide audience. However, vehicular networks also have many challenges that arise mainly due to their dynamic and complex environment. Fuzzy Logic, known for its ability to deal with complexity, imprecision, and model non-deterministic problems, is a very promising technology for use in such a dynamic and complex context. This article presents the first comprehensive survey of research on Fuzzy Logic approaches in the context of vehicular networks, and provides fundamental information which enables readers to design their own Fuzzy Logic systems in this context. As such, this article describes the Fuzzy Logic concepts with emphasis on their implementation in vehicular networks, includes classification and thorough analysis of the Fuzzy Logic-based solutions in vehicular networks, and discusses how Fuzzy Logic could be employed in the context of some of the key research directions in the 5G-enabled vehicular networks.
A Survey on Authenticated Encryption--ASIC Designer’s Perspective
Authors: Kavun Elif Bilge , Mihajloska Hristina , Yalçin Tolga
Published: December 2017

Authenticated encryption (AE) has been a vital operation in cryptography due to its ability to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity at the same time. Its use has soared in parallel with widespread use of the internet and has led to several new schemes. There have been studies investigating software performance of various schemes. However, the same is yet to be done for hardware. We present a comprehensive survey of hardware (specifically ASIC) performance of the most commonly used AE schemes in the literature. These schemes include encrypt-then-MAC combination, block-cipher-based AE modes, and the recently introduced permutation-based AE scheme. For completeness, we implemented each scheme with various standardized block ciphers and/or hash algorithms, and their lightweight versions. Our evaluation targets minimizing the time-area product while maximizing the throughput on an ASIC platform. We used 45nm NANGATE Open Cell Library for syntheses. We present area, speed, time-area product, throughput, and power figures for both standard and lightweight versions of each scheme. We also provide an unbiased discussion on the impact of the structure and complexity of each scheme on hardware implementation. Our results reveal 13%--30% performance boost in permutation-based AE compared to conventional schemes, and they can be used as a benchmark in the ongoing AE competition CAESAR.
A Survey on Optical Network-on-Chip Architectures
Authors: Werner Sebastian , Navaridas Javier , Luján Mikel
Published: December 2017

Optical on-chip data transmission enabled by silicon photonics (SiP) is widely considered a key technology to overcome the bandwidth and energy limitations of electrical interconnects. The possibility of integrating optical links into the on-chip communication fabric has opened up a fascinating new research field—Optical Networks-on-Chip (ONoCs)—which has been gaining large interest by the community. SiP devices and materials, however, are still evolving, and dealing with optical data transmission on chip makes designers and researchers face a whole new set of obstacles and challenges. Designing efficient ONoCs is a challenging task and requires a detailed knowledge from on-chip traffic demands and patterns down to the physical layout and implications of integrating both electronic and photonic devices. In this paper, we provide an exhaustive review of recently proposed ONoC architectures, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and outline active research areas. Moreover, we discuss recent research efforts in key enabling technologies, such as on-chip and adaptive laser sources, automatic synthesis tools, and ring heating techniques, which are essential to enable a widespread commercial adoption of ONoCs in the future.
Multi-Channel Topic-Based Mobile Messaging in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Andalibi Nazanin , Bentley Frank , Quehl Katie
Published: December 2017

With recent shifts from email to messaging apps for personal communication, many communication partners are no longer able to converse using multiple threads within one platform as they used to via email. Romantic couples are the most frequently messaged contacts on mobile and communicate about a wide range of topics with each other, need to make joint decisions, and may have several roles in relation to each other (e.g., spouse, co-parent). Through a 3-week field study with ten U.S. diverse couples we studied how couples use a messaging app that allows them to compartmentalize their conversations into multiple "channels" around topics of their choice. We detail how couples managed and used channels in daily life, and channels' strengths and limitations. We found that channels made couples feel more organized, and helped with finding content and keeping track of topics. However, it was sometimes difficult to choose or navigate channels. We discuss perceived impacts of channels on relationships (e.g., topic-switching during conflicts), and outline design opportunities for messaging apps.
It was Fun, but Did it Last?
Authors: Balestra Martina , Zalmanson Lior , Cheshire Coye , Arazy Ofer , Nov Oded
Published: December 2017

Peer production communities often struggle to retain contributors beyond initial engagement. This may be a result of contributors' level of motivation, as it is deeply intertwined with activity. Existing studies on participation focus on activity dynamics but overlook the accompanied changes in motivation. To fill this gap, this study examines the interplay between contributors' fun motives and activity over time. We combine motivational data from two surveys of Wikipedia newcomers with data of two periods of editing activity. We find that persistence in editing is related to fun, while the amount of editing is not: individuals who persist in editing are characterized by higher fun motives early on (when compared to dropouts), though their motives are not related to the number of edits made. Moreover, we found that newcomers' experience of fun was reinforced by their amount of activity over time: editors who were initially motivated by fun entered a virtuous cycle, whereas those who initially had low fun motives entered a vicious cycle. Our findings shed new light on the importance of early experiences and reveal that the relationship between motivation and participation levels is more complex than previously understood.
"It's good to know you're not a stranger every time"
Authors: Berry Andrew BL , Lim Catherine Y. , Hartzler Andrea L. , Hirsch Tad , Ludman Evette , Wagner Edward H. , Ralston James D.
Published: December 2017

When patients' decisions about health care priorities conflict with those of their health care providers, patients' health outcomes suffer. Patients' values for health and well-being influence their healthcare priorities, but recent work suggests that the values discussed in clinical settings do not reflect the full breadth of patients' values. To address an evidence gap regarding how discussions about values occur in clinical settings, we conducted a field study with patients with multiple chronic conditions and their health care providers, including clinical observations, interviews, and home visits. We report on the extent to which certain categories of patients' values identified in prior research were discussed in clinic visits. We then discuss how patients and providers coordinated their perspectives to establish connections among patients' values and health concerns. These findings have implications for the design of systems to support patient-provider communication to incorporate patients' values and promote concordant priorities for health care.
Classification and Its Consequences for Online Harassment
Authors: Blackwell Lindsay , Dimond Jill , Schoenebeck Sarita , Lampe Cliff
Published: December 2017

Online harassment is a pervasive and pernicious problem. Techniques like natural language processing and machine learning are promising approaches for identifying abusive language, but they fail to address structural power imbalances perpetuated by automated labeling and classification. Similarly, platform policies and reporting tools are designed for a seemingly homogenous user base and do not account for individual experiences and systems of social oppression. This paper describes the design and evaluation of HeartMob, a platform built by and for people who are disproportionately affected by the most severe forms of online harassment. We conducted interviews with 18 HeartMob users, both targets and supporters, about their harassment experiences and their use of the site. We examine systems of classification enacted by technical systems, platform policies, and users to demonstrate how 1) labeling serves to validate (or invalidate) harassment experiences; 2) labeling motivates bystanders to provide support; and 3) labeling content as harassment is critical for surfacing community norms around appropriate user behavior. We discuss these results through the lens of Bowker and Star's classification theories and describe implications for labeling and classifying online abuse. Finally, informed by intersectional feminist theory, we argue that fully addressing online harassment requires the ongoing integration of vulnerable users' needs into the design and moderation of online platforms.
Tabloids in the Era of Social Media?
Authors: Chakraborty Abhijnan , Sarkar Rajdeep , Mrigen Ayushi , Ganguly Niloy
Published: December 2017

With the growing shift towards news consumption primarily through social media sites like Twitter, most of the traditional as well as new-age media houses are promoting their news stories by tweeting about them. The competition for user attention in such mediums has led many media houses to use catchy sensational form of tweets to attract more users - a process known as clickbaiting. In this work, using an extensive dataset collected from Twitter, we analyze the social sharing patterns of clickbait and non-clickbait tweets to determine the organic reach of such tweets. We also attempt to study the sections of Twitter users who actively engage themselves in following clickbait and non-clickbait tweets. Comparing the advent of clickbaits with the rise of tabloidization of news, we bring out several important insights regarding the news consumers as well as the media organizations promoting news stories on Twitter.
When to say "Enough is Enough!"
Authors: Chounta Irene-Angelica , Nolte Alexander , Hecking Tobias , Farzan Rosta , Herrmann Thomas
Published: December 2017

Organizations conduct series of face-to-face meetings aiming to improve work practices. In these meetings, participants from different backgrounds collaboratively design artifacts, such as knowledge or process maps. Such meetings are orchestrated and carried out by facilitators and the success of the meetings almost solely depends on the experience of the facilitators. Previous research has mainly focused on approaches that support facilitators and participants in the upfront planning of such events. There is however, little guidance for facilitators and participants once a meeting has started. One critical aspect -- among others -- is that during a meeting, the facilitator and participants need to decide for how long the iterative process of discussion and design should continue. We argue that we can provide support for such decisions based on the evolution of artifacts collaboratively created during such meetings. This paper presents a multi-level, multi-method analysis of artifacts based on experts' observations in combination with network analytics. We study the use of automated analytics to assess the evolution of collaboratively created artifacts and to indicate maturity and established consensus of the collaborative practice. We propose a computational approach to support facilitators and participants in deciding when to stop face-to-face meetings.
Self-Tracking for Fertility Care
Authors: Costa Figueiredo Mayara , Caldeira Clara , Reynolds Tera L. , Victory Sean , Zheng Kai , Chen Yunan
Published: December 2017

Infertility is a global health concern that affects countless couples trying to conceive a child. Effective fertility treatment requires continuous monitoring of a wide range of health indicators through self-tracking. The process of collecting and interpreting data and information about fertility is complex, and much of the burden falls on women. In this study, we analyzed patient-generated content in a popular online health community dedicated to fertility issues. The objective was to understand the process in which women engage in tracking relevant information, and the challenges they face. Leveraging the Personal Informatics Model, we describe women's self-tracking experiences during their fertility cycles. We discuss how a complex and highly personalized context leads to responsibility, pressure, and emotional burden on women performing self-tracking activities, as well as the role of collaboration in creating individualized solutions. Finally, we provide implications for technologies aiming to support women with fertility care needs.
Identifying Misaligned Inter-Group Links and Communities
Authors: Datta Srayan , Phelan Chanda , Adar Eytan
Published: December 2017

Many social media systems explicitly connect individuals (e.g., Facebook or Twitter); as a result, they are the targets of most research on social networks. However, many systems do not emphasize or support explicit linking between people (e.g., Wikipedia or Reddit), and even fewer explicitly link communities. Instead, network analysis is performed through inference on implicit connections, such as co-authorship or text similarity. Depending on how inference is done and what data drove it, different networks may emerge. While correlated structures often indicate stability, in this work we demonstrate that differences, or misalignment, between inferred networks also capture interesting behavioral patterns. For example, high-text but low-author similarity often reveals communities "at war" with each other over an issue or high-author but low-text similarity can suggest community fragmentation. Because we are able to model edge direction, we also find that asymmetry in degree (in-versus-out) co-occurs with marginalized identities (subreddits related to women, people of color, LGBTQ, etc.). In this work, we provide algorithms that can identify misaligned links, network structures and communities. We then apply these techniques to Reddit to demonstrate how these algorithms can be used to decipher inter-group dynamics in social media.
The Sharing Economy in Computing
Authors: Dillahunt Tawanna R. , Wang Xinyi , Wheeler Earnest , Cheng Hao Fei , Hecht Brent , Zhu Haiyi
Published: December 2017

The sharing economy has quickly become a very prominent subject of research in the broader computing literature and the in human--computer interaction (HCI) literature more specifically. When other computing research areas have experienced similarly rapid growth (e.g. human computation, eco-feedback technology), early stage literature reviews have proved useful and influential by identifying trends and gaps in the literature of interest and by providing key directions for short- and long-term future work. In this paper, we seek to provide the same benefits with respect to computing research on the sharing economy. Specifically, following the suggested approach of prior computing literature reviews, we conducted a systematic review of sharing economy articles published in the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library to investigate the state of sharing economy research in computing. We performed this review with two simultaneous foci: a broad focus toward the computing literature more generally and a narrow focus specifically on HCI literature. We collected a total of 112 sharing economy articles published between 2008 and 2017 and through our analysis of these papers, we make two core contributions: (1) an understanding of the computing community's contributions to our knowledge about the sharing economy, and specifically the role of the HCI community in these contributions (i.e.
what has been done
) and (2) a discussion of under-explored and unexplored aspects of the sharing economy that can serve as a partial research agenda moving forward (i.e.
what is next to do
).
Private Peer Feedback as Engagement Driver in Humanitarian Mapping
Authors: Dittus Martin , Capra Licia
Published: December 2017

Prior research suggests that public negative feedback on social knowledge sharing platforms can be powerfully demotivating to newcomers, particularly when it involves peer feedback mechanisms such as ratings and commenting systems. What is the impact on newcomer retention when feedback is private, and from a single peer reviewer? We study these effects using the example of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team, a Wikipedia-style social mapping platform where the review process is closer to a teacher-learner model rather than a public peer review. We observe peer feedback for early contributions by 1,300 newcomers, and assess the impact of different classes of feedback, including performance feedback, corrective feedback, and verbal rewards. We find that verbal rewards and immediate feedback can have a powerful effect on newcomer retention. In order to better support such positive engagement effects, we recommend that system designers conceptually distinguish between mechanisms for quality control and for learner feedback.
Challenges in Transitioning from Civil to Military Culture
Authors: Dosono Bryan , Rashidi Yasmeen , Akter Taslima , Semaan Bryan , Kapadia Apu
Published: December 2017

A critical element for a successful transition is the ability to disclose, or make known, one's struggles. We explore the transition disclosure practices of Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) students who are transitioning from an individualistic culture to one that is highly collective. As ROTC students routinely evaluate their peers through a ranking system, the act of disclosure may impact a student's ability to secure limited opportunities within the military upon graduation. Through a qualitative interview study of active ROTC students (N=14) examining how they use information communication technologies (ICTs) to disclose their struggles in a hyper-competitive environment, we find they engage in a process of highly selective disclosure, choosing different groups with which to disclose based on the types of issues they face. We share implications for designing ICTs that better facilitate how ROTC students cope with personal challenges during their formative transition into the military.
I Should Listen More
Authors: Faucett Heather A. , Lee Matthew L. , Carter Scott
Published: December 2017

Video telehealth is growing to allow more clinicians to see patients from afar. As a result, clinicians, typically trained for in-person visits, must learn to communicate both health information and non-verbal affective signals to patients through a digital medium. We introduce a system called ReflectLive that senses and provides real-time feedback about non-verbal communication behaviors to clinicians so they can improve their communication behaviors. A user evaluation with 10 clinicians showed that the real-time feedback helped clinicians maintain better eye contact with patients and was not overly distracting. Clinicians reported being more aware of their non-verbal communication behaviors and reacted positively to summaries of their conversational metrics, motivating them to want to improve. Using ReflectLive as a probe, we also discuss the benefits and concerns around automatically quantifying the "soft skills" and complexities of clinician-patient communication, the controllability of behaviors, and the design considerations for how to present real-time and summative feedback to clinicians.
“Control your emotions, Potter”
Authors: Gach Katie Z. , Fiesler Casey , Brubaker Jed R.
Published: December 2017

As social media platforms become a larger part of sharing life, they have by necessity become a part of sharing death. In life, pop culture fans can have parasocial (one-sided, mediated) relationships with celebrities. Yet when fans of departed celebrities express their grief in public comment threads, conversations often result in disagreements about how to grieve. These disagreements consistently appear in response to the deaths of public figures, and have been broadly labeled "grief policing." We performed a thematic analysis of public Facebook comments responding to the deaths of Alan Rickman, David Bowie, and Prince. Our findings describe prominent grief policing practices and explain how commenters may be importing norms from other contexts when shared spaces consist of transient interactions that make norm formation difficult. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of how conflicting norms affect discourse in transient online spaces. Approaching online incivility through a lens of conflicting social norm enforcement may open doors for improvements in public discourse online.
Hacking with NPOs
Authors: Hou Youyang , Wang Dakuo
Published: December 2017

Recently Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) are adopting more and more data-driven approaches to their work, yet NPOs often lack appropriate tools and expertise in such data related works. To compensate, many NPOs are using a new form of collaboration, civic data hackathons, to leverage on external volunteers' data expertise. In this paper, we sought to understand how civic data hackathons could generate impactful data analytics for NPOs' data-driven work, and how to support collaborative data analytics during hackathons. We collected various types of data (observations, surveys, and interviews) from two civic data hackathons with 9 NPOs and over 300 data volunteers in a Midwestern city in the U.S. Our results describe the collaboration activities and the types of actionable collaborative analytics outputs generated from these activities. We also identify a unique social group (i.e., client teams), who help with preparing and coordinating the event, perform brokering activities to support the collaborative analytics through the civic data hackathons. This broker role is vital for the success of the collaboration between domain experts and data experts. Our findings contribute to the CSCW research on the collaborative work of interdisciplinary hackathons, and to a broader understanding of civic data collaborations.
Types of Motivation Affect Study Selection, Attention, and Dropouts in Online Experiments
Authors: Jun Eunice , Hsieh Gary , Reinecke Katharina
Published: December 2017

Understanding whether and how motivation affects participation in online experiments is critical because who contributes and how they contribute can affect the validity of findings. Analyzing data from 7,674 participants across three different studies on the volunteer-based online experiment platform LabintheWild, we identified five motivation types for participating: boredom, comparison, fun, science, and self-learning. We found that these motivation types affect study selection, attention, and dropouts. Participants who were highly motivated by boredom paid less attention and were more likely to dropout than those who were motivated by the possibility of contributing to science. We additionally show that motivation can impact study results and suggest how researchers can take participants' motivation into account when designing and analyzing data from volunteer-based online experiments.
Supporting Distributed Critique through Interpretation and Sense-Making in an Online Creative Community
Authors: Kou Yubo , Gray Colin M.
Published: December 2017

Critique is an important component of creative work in design education and practice, through which individuals can solicit advice and obtain feedback on their work. Face-to-face critique in offline settings such as design studios has been well-documented and theorized. However, little is known about unstructured distributed critique in online creative communities where people share and critique each other's work, and how these practices might resemble or differ from studio critique. In this paper, we use mixed-methods to examine distributed critique practices in a UX-focused online creative community on Reddit. We found that distributed critique resembles studio critique categorically, but differs qualitatively. While studio critique often focuses on depth, distributed critique often revolved around collective sensemaking, through which creative workers engaged in iteratively interpreting, defining, and refining the artifact and their process. We discuss the relationship between distributed critique and socio-technical systems and identify implications for future research.
Increasing Quality and Involvement in Online Peer Feedback Exchange
Authors: Krishna Kumaran Sneha R. , McDonagh Deana C. , Bailey Brian P.
Published: December 2017

Design instructors are integrating the use of online peer review platforms to keep pace with growing class sizes. However, these platforms typically prioritize randomized peer assignment strategies and show only the current solution to peers when writing feedback. This can result in low quality feedback in project-based design courses. We report on an experiment in which students (N=59) worked on twelve-week design projects and both wrote and received online feedback at four stages. The experiment tested a novel assignment strategy of peer mentorship, where peers were assigned to give feedback to all stages of the same project, and tested showing the context from the preceding design stage when composing feedback. The results showed that displaying the context from the preceding design stage led to feedback with higher perceived quality at the late design stages (but not at earlier stages) and feedback from mentors prompts longer responses from the feedback recipients. Our work contributes deeper empirical understanding of how assignment strategies and showing additional context affects peer feedback and provides practical guidelines for instructors to implement these methods in design courses.
The Effect of Emotional Cues from the NFL on Wikipedia Contributions
Authors: Leung Weiwen , Zhu Haiyi , Konstan Joseph A.
Published: December 2017

Exploiting evidence that sporting results affect fans' mood, we analyze whether National Football League game outcomes can affect the contributions of Wikipedia editors who identify as fans of a specific team. We find that the day after a team loses, their fans decrease their contributions towards football-related pages (relative to after a win). Relative decreases are bigger if losses are unexpected, or if losing margins are big. In contrast, unexpected wins do not cause more contributions relative to wins that were not unexpected. Neither do big wins result in more contributions relative to small wins. Additionally, contributions to non-football-related pages are not affected by NFL game results. Our findings add to the literatures on (i) the determinants of individual contributions to peer production communities, (ii) how community dynamics affect user contributions, (iii) the importance of emotions, (iv) the effect of offline events on online behavior, and (v) the applicability of behavioral economics concepts to the HCI literature.
Distraction or Life Saver?
Authors: Lim Hajin , Arawjo Ian , Xie Yaxian , Khojasteh Negar , Fussell Susan R.
Published: December 2017

Previous research has shown that communication technologies may make it challenging for working professionals to manage the boundaries between their work life and home life. For college students, however, there is a less clear definition of what constitutes work and what constitutes home life. As a result, students may use different boundary management strategies than working professionals. To explore this issue, we interviewed 29 undergraduates about how they managed boundaries between different areas of their life. Interviewees reported maintaining flexible and permeable boundaries that are not bounded physically or temporally. They used both technological and non-technological strategies to manage different life spheres. Interviewees saw technology as a major source of boundary violations but also as a boundary managing strategy that allowed them to achieve better life balance. Based on these findings, we propose design implications for tools to better support the boundary management processes of undergraduate students.
Making Sense of Foreign Language Posts in Social Media
Authors: Lim Hajin , Fussell Susan R.
Published: December 2017

Many people's social media feeds include posts in languages they do not understand. While previous research has examined bilingual social media users' language choices, little research has focused on how people make sense of foreign language posts. In the present study, we interviewed 23 undergraduate social media users about how they consume and make sense of posts in other languages. Interviewees reported that they often did not pay attention to or engage with foreign language posts, due to a lack of relevance and contextual knowledge. When they did actively engage with foreign language posts, interviewees did not rely solely on machine translation output but instead actively collected and combined various cues from within and outside the post in order to understand what it was about. Interviewees further reported different types of goals for trying to make sense of foreign language posts; some focused on simply extracting and understanding the emotional components of a post while others tried to gain a fuller understanding of a post, including its contextual and cultural meanings. Based on these findings, we suggest design possibilities that could better aid multilingual communication in social media.
Can Biosignals be Expressive?
Authors: Liu Fannie , Dabbish Laura , Kaufman Geoff
Published: December 2017

We are exploring the concept of expressive biosignals: leveraging wearable technologies to introduce sensed physiological data as cues for social perception. Biosignals can help us achieve a deeper understanding of each other by revealing or clarifying the psychological processes that underlie our subjective experience. We conducted an exploratory study investigating expressive biosignals, comparing the influence of a variety of brain activity visualizations on impression formation. Results revealed that while participants readily infer emotional and cognitive states from visualized brain activity, the ambiguity of the data can lead to diverse perceptions and interpretations. Participants also expressed concerns that the observation of another individual's data during interaction might be invasive or distracting. We present a set of design considerations addressing issues of interpretability, integration, and privacy of biosignals in interpersonal contexts.
Collocated Use of Imaging Systems in Coordinated Surgical Practice
Authors: Mentis Helena M.
Published: December 2017

In surgery, assemblages of imaging systems need to be managed, interfaced, and coordinated by a collocated team. In this paper, I untangle the different forms of imaging system interaction in this highly specialized multi-device environment (MDE). I show how the different forms of imaging systems affect the work practice by creating a need for additional articulation work. This articulation work is coordinated into the surgical practice on the body by either distributing the work across the team or by requiring a momentary pause of the surgical work for the entire team to attend to the articulation work to be done on or with the images. And we see how distributing the work across the team still requires a reintegration of the knowledge gleaned from the new information into the surgery itself. This presents an expansion of our understanding of how collocated teams function in MDEs that consist of purely shared displays.
Credibility and the Dynamics of Collective Attention
Authors: Mitra Tanushree , Wright Graham , Gilbert Eric
Published: December 2017

Today, social media provide the means by which billions of people experience news and events happening around the world. However, the absence of traditional journalistic gatekeeping allows information to flow unencumbered through these platforms, often raising questions of veracity and credibility of the reported information. Here we ask: How do the dynamics of collective attention directed toward an event reported on social media vary with its perceived credibility? By examining the first large-scale, systematically tracked credibility database of public Twitter messages (47M messages corresponding to 1,138 real-world events over a period of three months), we established a relationship between the temporal dynamics of events reported on social media and their associated level of credibility judgments. Representing collective attention by the aggregate temporal signatures of an event's reportage, we found that the amount of continued attention focused on an event provides information about its associated levels of perceived credibility. Events exhibiting sustained, intermittent bursts of attention were found to be associated with lower levels of perceived credibility. In other words, as more people showed interest during moments of transient collective attention, the associated uncertainty surrounding these events also increased.
Stickers for Steps
Authors: Morrison Alistair , Bakayov Viktor
Published: December 2017

Many systems have been designed to study social aspects in physical activity tracking. In most, social functions are performed at a distance, such as posting comments and achievements, or via in-app leaderboards. We present an activity tracking app designed instead to encourage face-to-face encounters. Stickers for Steps seeks to recreate the experience of a physical sticker book, where digital 'stickers' are collected in an album, but where stickers are awarded for reaching activity targets. Users will accrue duplicate stickers, which can be swapped with other co-located users over a Bluetooth connection. We explore the usage of our app, reporting on a trial with 33 participants. We find that our app successfully encouraged groups of users to swap duplicates, review progress and to discuss their levels of activity. We provide design recommendations for future activity tracking systems that could incorporate face-to-face interactions.
Recurring Meetings
Authors: Niemantsverdriet Karin , Erickson Thomas
Published: December 2017

Meetings are often seen solely as a site of collective work. However, as McGrath has noted, groups are concerned with much more than collective work. In this study we examine how individuals experience meetings, and ask what they do, why they do it, and how they feel about it. Our study focuses on recurring meetings, both because recurring meetings are an ordinary aspect of organization life, and because their routine nature lends them a casual character that distinguishes them from one-time, issue-focused meetings. This paper analyzes accounts of 19 meetings and examines how various peripheral activities -- side-talk, side-tracking, multi-tasking, pre- and post-meeting talk -- have positive effects, as well as negative ones. We argue that viewing recurring meetings as a confluence of individual and collective aims suggests new approaches for designing technology that supports both meetings and participants.