bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
George Hogarth Pringle and the mystery of the first antiseptic operation in Australia
Authors: Hollands Michael , Macintyre Iain , Richardson Arthur
Published: December 2019

Early life

George Hogarth Pringle, later an associate of Joseph Lister, was born in Kintail, Scotland in 1830. In 1854, he worked as a dresser at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh with Joseph Lister. After serving in the Crimean War, he settled in New South Wales and began practice in Parramatta.

Pringle and antiseptic surgery

In October 1867, Pringle performed the first operation in Australia using the antiseptic principles advocated 6 months previously in the first of a series of articles published in The Lancet by Joseph Lister. Mystery surrounds how Pringle was able to adopt Lister's principles so quickly. Lister and Pringle had been friends in Edinburgh and previous writers have hypothesized that the two men corresponded whilst another has suggested Pringle was using antiseptic principles prior to Lister's work being published. Both these scenarios are unlikely. The Lancet appears to have been available in Australia within 4 months of publication.

Conclusion

The conjunction of an appropriate case and the arrival of a recent copy of The Lancet highlighting Lister's work is the likely source of Pringle's decision to apply antiseptic principles.
Bone health in women with a history of gestational diabetes or obesity
Authors: Engberg Elina , Koivusalo Saila B. , Huvinen Emilia , Viljakainen Heli
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. However, bone health of women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) has received little attention. This cross‐sectional study compares bone health between premenopausal women with and without a history of GDM, and examines factors associated with bone health in women with a history of GDM or obesity.

Material and methods

We measured areal bone mineral density for total hip, lumbar spine and whole body, and total body fat percentage (fat%) with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 224 women. In addition, we measured bone characteristics of radius and tibia with peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

Results

When compared with women without a history of GDM (mean age 39 years [SD 5], body mass index [BMI] 35 kg/m2 [SD 6], fat% 48 [SD 7]), women with a history of GDM (age 41 years [SD 4], BMI 31 kg/m2 [SD 7], fat% 43 [SD 10]) had lower hip and whole body bone mineral densities, and inferior tibia outcomes. However, the differences in bone characteristics disappeared after controlling for age, height, BMI and fat%. After controlling for age, height, BMI and smoking, physical activity and healthier diet were positively associated with bone outcomes, whereas fat%, HbA1c and screen time were negatively associated with bone outcomes. Particularly, fat% showed independent negative associations with whole body bone mineral density and several tibia and radius characteristics.

Conclusions

Fat% is associated with adverse bone health, independently of BMI, in women with a history of GDM or obesity. Promoting healthy lifestyle and reducing fat% in high‐risk women could improve bone health and prevent future fractures.
Ductus venosus Doppler waveform pattern in fetuses with early growth restriction
Authors: Fratelli Nicola , Amighetti Serena , Bhide Amar , Fichera Anna , Khalil Asma , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Prefumo Federico , Thilaganathan Basky
Published: December 2019

Introduction

We aimed to assess if maximum velocities of the ductus venosus flow velocity waveform are associated with adverse outcomes in early‐onset fetal growth restriction.

Material and methods

Retrospective cohort study from two tertiary referral units, including singleton fetuses with estimated birthweight or fetal abdominal circumference ≤10th centile and absent or reversed end‐diastolic velocity in the umbilical artery delivered between 26+0 and 34+0 weeks of gestation. Pulsatility index for veins, and maximum velocities of S‐, D‐, v‐ and a‐waves, were measured in the ductus venosus within 24 hours of birth. Logistic regression was used to describe the relation between severe neonatal morbidity or neonatal death and clinical independent predictors.

Results

The study population included 132 early‐onset fetal growth restriction fetuses. Newborns with neonatal morbidity or neonatal death had significantly lower values of v/D maximum velocity ratio multiples of the median (0.86 vs 095; P = 0.006) within 24 hours of birth. The v/D ratio remained a significant predictor of neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity after adjusting for gestational age and birthweight (adjusted odds ratio 0.065, 95% confidence interval 0.004‐0.957).

Conclusions

Assessment of ductus venosus v/D maximum velocity ratio might help to identify fetal growth restriction fetuses at increased risk for neonatal death or severe neonatal morbidity. Confirmation in prospective studies is necessary.
Bayesian compartmental models and associated reproductive numbers for an infection with multiple transmission modes
Authors: Ozanne Marie V. , Brown Grant D. , Toepp Angela J. , Scorza Breanna M. , Oleson Jacob J. , Wilson Mary E. , Petersen Christine A.
Published: December 2019

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a serious neglected tropical disease that is endemic in 98 countries. ZVL is primarily transmitted via a sand fly vector. In the United States, it is enzootic in some canine populations; it is transmitted from infectious mother to pup transplacentally, and vector‐borne transmission is absent. This absence affords a unique opportunity to study (1) vertical transmission dynamics in dogs and (2) the importance of vertical transmission in maintaining an infectious reservoir in the presence of a vector. In this paper, we present Bayesian compartmental models and reproductive number formulations to examine (1) and (2), providing a mechanism to plan and evaluate interventions in regions where both transmission modes are present. First, we propose an individual‐level susceptible, infectious, removed (SIR) model to study the effect of maternal infection status during pregnancy on pup infection progression. We provide evidence that pups born to diagnostically positive mothers during pregnancy are more likely to become diagnostically positive both earlier in life, and at some point during their lifetime, than those born to diagnostically negative mothers. Second, we propose a population‐level SIR model to study the impact of a vertically maintained reservoir on propagating infection in a naive canine population through emergent vector transmission using simulation studies. We also present reproductive numbers to quantify contributions of vertically infected and vector‐infected dogs to maintaining infection in the population. We show that a vertically maintained canine reservoir can propagate infection in a theoretical naive population in the presence of a vector.
A multiobjective integrated multiproject scheduling and multiskilled workforce assignment model considering learning effect under uncertainty
Authors: Hematian Milad , Seyyed Esfahani Mir Mehdi , Mahdavi Iraj , Mahdavi‐Amiri Nezam , Rezaeian Javad
Published: December 2019

Today, organizations try to decline academically expenses using humans and resources in addition to rising managers and operators' satisfaction. Meantime, a very important step in the process of decision is the assignment of human resources, particularly in connection with research and development (R&D) projects in which the system is highly dependent on the capabilities of human resources. In this study, we tried all the assumptions that come true in the real world, considered a model for applied R&D projects to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of projects. Therefore, an integrated multiproject scheduling and multiskill human resource assignment model under uncertainty has developed for R&D projects. Furthermore, it is assumed that the activity processing time is related to human resources assignment that means the learning effect is considered. To demonstrate the proposed model efficiency, the various dimensions instance problem was solved accurately and efficiently in GAMS software, and the results have been reported. In addition, the proposed model is validated through the input parameter sensitivity analysis. The results indicate a suitable performance of the proposed fuzzy mathematical programming model is due to the complexity of the problem.
Pagetoid reticulosis in a 13‐year old female. A unique immunohistochemical profile
Authors: Torre‐Castro Juan , Carrasco Santos Loreto , Rodríguez‐Pinilla Socorro M. , Requena Luis
Published: December 2019

Pagetoid reticulosis (PR) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with indolent behavior considered a variant of mycosis fungoides. It is characterized by marked epidermotropism of the neoplastic lymphocytes. Since its original description, five cases have been reported in children. We report a new case of PR with an immunohistochemical profile not previously described in children.
Habitat factors associated with Fopius caudatus parasitism and population level of its host, Ceratitis cosyra
Authors: Mama Sambo Sahadatou , Togbé Delano Ronald , Sinzogan Antonio A.C. , Adomou Aristide , Bokonon‐Ganta Hippolyte Aimé , Karlsson Miriam Frida
Published: December 2019

Biotic and abiotic factors affect herbivores and their natural enemies and understanding of their requirements may permit habitat modification enabling conservation biological control. Ceratitis cosyra Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae), an African‐native fruit fly pest is mostly parasitized by the parasitoid wasp Fopius caudatus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). To assess F. caudatus habitat, the wasp parasitism levels and infestation of its fruit fly host were examined in Sarcocephalus latifolius (Smith) Bruce (Rubiaceae), a shrub of which the fruits are among the preferred hosts of C. cosyra and F. caudatus. Fruit‐collection site descriptions, including plant species presence, were analysed in relation to the target insect abundances (emergence from target fruit). Ceratitis cosyra and F. caudatus emerged from all sites; nonetheless, their population levels were associated with both abiotic and biotic factors, of which some can be manipulated. Several factors, such as cultivation level, topography, and vegetation coverage, were correlated with F. caudatus parasitism. Ceratitis cosyra infestation level was correlated with factors such as density of S. latifolius, vegetation cover, cultivation practices, temperature, altitude, rainfall pattern, and stoniness. Proximity to other fruit fly host plants correlated with both pest abundance and F. caudatus parasitism level of the fruit fly. The findings that insects’ interactions and abundance are influenced by habitat structure and that parasitism is positively related to natural habitat indicates the importance of maintaining natural habitats in closeness to cultivated areas with the aim of enhancing pest suppression by parasitoids. Further studies should attempt to identify how plant species composition in and around orchards could affect the management of tephritid fruit fly pests.
Prognostic impact of abdominal lymph node involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Abdulla Maysaa , Guglielmo Priscilla , Hollander Peter , Åström Gunnar , Ahlström Håkan , Enblad Gunilla , Amini Rose‐Marie
Published: December 2019

Objective

The prognostic value of site of nodal involvement in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is mainly unknown. We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of nodal abdominal involvement in relation to tumour cell markers and clinical characteristics of 249 DLBCL patients in a retrospective single‐centre study.

Methods

Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and thorax revealed pathologically enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in 156 patients, while in 93 patients there were no pathologically enlarged lymph nodes in the abdomen. In 81 cases, the diagnosis of DLBCL was verified by histopathological biopsy obtained from abdominal lymph node.

Results

Patients with abdominal nodal disease had inferior lymphoma‐specific survival (P = .04) and presented with higher age‐adjusted IPI (P < .001), lactate dehydrogenase (P < .001) and more often advanced stage (P < .001), bulky disease (P < .001), B symptoms (P < .001), and double expression of MYC and BCL2 (P = .02) compared to patients without nodal abdominal involvement, but less often extranodal involvement (P < .02). The worst outcome was observed in those where the abdominal nodal involvement was verified by histopathological biopsy.

Conclusion

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas patients with abdominal nodal disease had inferior outcome and more aggressive behaviour, reflected both in clinical and biological characteristics.
Detection of two new cryptic species ofKiefferia(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by means of morphological, molecular and ecological studies
Authors: Kim Wanggyu , Minami Tsuneo , Tokuda Makoto , Matsuo Kazunori , Harris Keith M. , Yukawa Junichi
Published: December 2019

Morphological, molecular and ecological studies revealed thatKiefferiaMik, 1985 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is not a monotypic genus. Two new species,Kiefferia ezoensissp. nov.andK. ollasp. nov.from Japan and Korea are added to the known European species,Kiefferia pericarpiicola. The new and known species are distinguishable from each other mainly by the shape of the larval sternal spatula. Molecular data support the results of morphological classification. Species ofKiefferiainduce fruit galls on various plant species of Apiaceae. We found thatK. ezoensisandK. ollautilized exclusivelyAngelica ursinaandOenanthe javanica, respectively. In contrast, we listed 37 apiaceous species belonging to 23 genera as hosts forK. pericarpiicolafrom previously published reports, suggesting the existence of additional undescribed species. Life history patterns of the three species are distinctly different from each other. Mature larvae ofK. ezoensisandK. olladrop to the ground with the fruit gall in October and September, respectively, whereas mature larvae ofK. pericarpiicolaquit the galls and drop to the ground in August. A key to theKiefferiaspecies is provided based on morphological features and information on life history patterns and host ranges.
Effect of silencing of mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 on the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Xiaoying , Hu Fengling , Liu Liuhui , Xu Bin
Published: December 2019

Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1) is involved in DNA damage repair and has been linked to tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. This study investigated the effects of MDC1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro and in vivo. RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of MDC1 was performed in two OSCC cell lines (Tca‐8113 and KB). Real‐time PCR and western blotting were performed to determine expression of mRNA and protein, respectively, of MDC1. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Colony‐formation assays were performed by staining with 0.5% crystal violet. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assays. The role of MDC1 in OSCC was examined in vivo via injection of Tca‐8113 cells transfected with MDC1 small interfering (si)RNA or negative‐control siRNA into a mouse xenograft model of OSCC. Our results showed that MDC1 knockdown decreased cell proliferation. Inhibition of MDC1 decreased colony formation of Tca‐8113 and KB cells by 62% and 68%, respectively, and MDC1 knockdown reduced the number of migratory and invasive cells compared with the control group. Moreover, the xenograft mouse model of MDC1 knockdown showed reduced tumor growth. Our study suggests that MDC1 plays a role in tumorigenesis and might be a potential target for the treatment of patients with OSCC.
Unnatural selection of salmon life histories in a modified riverscape
Authors: Sturrock Anna M. , Carlson Stephanie M. , Wikert John D. , Heyne Tim , Nusslé Sébastien , Merz Joseph E. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. , Johnson Rachel C.
Published: December 2019

Altered river flows and fragmented habitats often simplify riverine communities and favor non‐native fishes, but their influence on life‐history expression and survival is less clear. Here, we quantified the expression and ultimate success of diverse salmon emigration behaviors in an anthropogenically altered California river system. We analyzed two decades of Chinook salmon monitoring data to explore the influence of regulated flows on juvenile emigration phenology, abundance, and recruitment. We then followed seven cohorts into adulthood using otolith (ear stone) chemical archives to identify patterns in time‐ and size‐selective mortality along the migratory corridor. Suppressed winter flow cues were associated with delayed emigration timing, particularly in warm, dry years, which was also when selection against late migrants was the most extreme. Lower, less variable flows were also associated with reduced juvenile and adult production, highlighting the importance of streamflow for cohort success in these southernmost populations. While most juveniles emigrated from the natal stream as fry or smolts, the survivors were dominated by the rare few that left at intermediate sizes and times, coinciding with managed flows released before extreme summer temperatures. The consistent selection against early (small) and late (large) migrants counters prevailing ecological theory that predicts different traits to be favored under varying environmental conditions. Yet, even with this weakened portfolio, maintaining a broad distribution in migration traits still increased adult production and reduced variance. In years exhibiting large fry pulses, even marginal increases in their survival would have significantly boosted recruitment. However, management actions favoring any single phenotype could have negative evolutionary and demographic consequences, potentially reducing adaptability and population stability. To recover fish populations and support viable fisheries in a warming and increasingly unpredictable climate, coordinating flow and habitat management within and among watersheds will be critical to balance trait optimization versus diversification.
Deciphering the stability of grassland productivity in response to rainfall manipulation experiments
Authors: Matos Ilaíne Silveira , Menor Imma Oliveras , Rifai Sami Walid , Rosado Bruno Henrique Pimentel
Published: December 2019

Aim

Rainfall manipulation experiments are essential tools for deciphering the mechanisms leading to variation in ecosystem stability across sites. Here, we gathered articles reporting results of experimental droughts on the above‐ground biomass of grasslands to identify which indices have been used to assess stability, to evaluate the overall grassland responses to drought and to quantify the relative importance of drought characteristics and climatic conditions for explaining variation in stability.

Location

Global.

Time period

1989–2018.

Major taxa studied

Grasslands.

Methods

We used meta‐analytical approaches to evaluate overall grassland stability in terms of resistance, recovery and resilience, and multi‐model inference to assess the relative importance of different moderators on explaining the variability of those three stability properties.

Results

Numerous indices of stability have been used, but they are inadequate for comparisons across sites. After applying standardized indices, we found that grasslands were resilient (biomass remained unchanged 1 year after drought) and exhibited a trade‐off between low resistance (biomass was lost during drought) and high recovery (new biomass was produced after drought). Overall, climatic conditions and drought characteristics (intensity, duration and frequency) were not important to explain the differences in stability observed across grasslands.

Main conclusions

Grasslands are resilient, but if drought events last > 1 year, there might be long‐term declines of biomass production owing to incomplete recovery. Despite the hundreds of experiments conducted in grasslands across the globe, the results are still inconclusive because of four important shortcomings: 50% of the studies have failed to create drought; 81% have not included recovery and resilience, assessing only resistance; 87% have not applied quantitative indices to assess stability; and < 1% of the studies were conducted on tropical grasslands. We discuss how to overcome those limitations to improve our ability to ensure stable grassland productivity under climate change.
The rural identity and the encroaching city: Governance, policy and development in Northern Virginia's Wine Country
Authors: Cowell Margaret , Eckerd Adam , Smart Henry
Published: December 2019

In exurban areas, there are commonly issues and tensions associated with development and rural life. We assess how two counties located approximately one hour west of Washington, DC manage these tensions. Although both have enabled development, they have done so in different ways and neither has simply succumbed to exurban development as a given. Utilizing stakeholder interviews and document analysis, we note the different policy approaches that the two counties have taken and contrast them with the more common imagery of areas that fully acquiesce to suburban style development. Our findings suggest that tensions between the pressures of development and the persistent appeal of the rural identity occupy much time and attention in these two counties. Both counties have adopted observable policy changes driven by development pressures in recent years, underscoring a policy landscape that is in flux and the modern tension between the commercial economy of modernity, and the rural identity that is retained from the past. We observe that rural governance is largely about land, while urban governance is largely about people. As these two cases suggest, exurban governance has to be about both issues and this tension may lead to governance that is inherently unstable.
Palliative care advanced practice nursing in Israel: bridging creation and implementation
Authors: Collett D. , Feder S. , Aaron E. , Haron Y. , Schulman‐Green D.
Published: December 2019

Aim

To describe Israel's development of the palliative care advanced practice registered nurse as a foundation for the development of the advanced practice registered nurse role in other specialties.

Background

Palliative care centres on alleviating physical, emotional, social and spiritual distress associated with life‐limiting illness. In 2009, Israel introduced the palliative care advanced practice nurse role, that is, registered nurses with specialized training in palliative care, to address increasing palliative care needs.

Introduction

While there has been investment in its development, full implementation of the advanced practice nurse has not yet been achieved.

Methods

In this qualitative descriptive study, we conducted a document analysis (n = 11) and key informant interviews (n = 11), extracted themes using qualitative content analysis and triangulated data sets.

Results

Documents reflected growing palliative care needs and uniform requirements for advanced practice nurse training. Interviews uncovered a perceived lack of awareness of palliative care, the need for increased role definition and practice authority for advanced practice nurses, and barriers to entry and training for this role.

Discussion

Findings highlight ongoing needs in palliative care and advanced practice nursing and a trajectory of growth.

Conclusions

The challenges Israel faces in implementation of the palliative care advanced practice nurse role inform development of other advanced practice nursing roles in Israel and other countries.

Implications for Nursing Practice

Streamlining training pathways and resolving scope of practice issues will assist in implementation of advanced practice nursing roles.

Implications for Health Policy

Our data offer targets for policymakers advocating the advanced practice nurse role, including training requirements and scope of practice.
Financial Participation and Collective Conflicts: Evidence from French Firms
Authors: Fakhfakh Fathi , Robinson Andrew , Tall Aguibou
Published: December 2019

Studies on financial participation show positive effects across several “performance” outcomes, yet given the potential to realign employee interests, distribute rewards, and improve commitment little is known about the ability of financial participation to reduce collective conflicts. Using French establishments, we explore the impact of profit sharing and employee share ownership schemes on various measures of conflict. Across various specifications, estimators, and time periods, financial participation reveals an ability to reduce some but not all forms of conflict. Employee share ownership seems especially effective in reducing a range of conflicts including the most extensive and costly forms.
Vacuum‐assisted closure therapy combined with bi‐pectoral muscle flap for the treatment of deep sternal wound infections
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Jixun , Liu Zhenzhong
Published: December 2019

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a fatal complication after median sternotomy. This study was to assess the effect of vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) combined with bi‐pectoral muscle advancement flap therapy on rehabilitation for the treatment of DSWI. Fifty‐two patients with DSWI underwent treatment of VAC and bi‐pectoral muscle flap. These patients were followed‐up 12 months postoperation. The patient characteristics, duration of VAC therapy, the mean hospital stay, and postoperative complications were retrospectively analysed. All patients underwent 1 to 3 VAC treatment sessions before closure. Fifty‐one of 52 DSWI patients were cured to discharge; the mean hospital stay was 26.5 days. The drainage tube continued to drain a large amount of bloody fluid in three patients after the wound was closed. Respiratory failure occurred in one patient with severe mediastinal and pulmonary infections and died eventually in hospital. One patient died of acute cerebral haemorrhage during the12‐month follow‐up. VAC therapy combined with bi‐pectoral muscle flap is a simple and effective treatment for DSWIs with short hospital stays and few complications. However, this is a retrospective case series presentation with no comparison group; further large‐scale controlled studies are needed.
Effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of colorectal cancer based on intestinal flora disorder
Authors: Zhou Xueyan , Chen Chunxia , Zhong Ya' Nan , Zhao Feng , Hao Zhixiang , Xu Yinxue , Lai Ran , Shen Guifang , Yin Xiaoxing
Published: December 2019

Background

To investigate the correlation between the level of circulating vitamin D and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to clarify the effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of CRC.

Methods

Serum samples from 63 patients with CRC (CRC group) and 61 healthy volunteers (normal group) were collected. Azoxymethane + dextran sodium sulfate‐induced CRC mouse model and dietary models with different doses of vitamin D were established to verify whether vitamin D supplementation could reverse the occurrence and development of CRC at the overall animal level. Intestinal barrier integrity and microbial defense response were evaluated by detection of intestinal flora and expression of related genes.

Results

In the clinical serum samples, compared with the normal group, the level of 25 (OH) D3 in the CRC group was relatively low (P < 0.01), which was consistent with the clinical situation in mice. Vitamin D deficiency aggravated the deterioration of enteritis and intestinal cancer in CRC mice, whereas the overall condition of CRC mice improved after vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D has a significant regulatory effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal flora, particularly in the regulation of intestinal probiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila‐mediated colon barrier integrity.

Conclusions

Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to the high incidence of CRC, and vitamin D supplementation can inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Vitamin D plays a role in the reversal of CRC mainly through the regulation of intestinal flora, especially the regulation of A. muciniphila‐mediated colon barrier integrity.
Reproducibility and construct validity of the utrecht mixing ability Test to obtain masticatory performance outcome in patients with condylar mandibular fractures
Authors: Weinberg Florine M. , Vermaire Jorine A. , Forouzanfar Tymour , Rosenberg Antoine J.W.P. , Speksnijder Caroline M.
Published: December 2019

Objective

This study assessed the test‐retest reproducibility of the Utrecht mixing ability test (MAT) and the construct validity of the MAT in relation to the Mandibular Function Impairment Questionnaire (MFIQ) in patients with mandibular condylar fractures.

Material and methods

Twenty‐six patients treated for a mandibular condylar fracture participated in this clinimetric study; all patients performed the MAT twice. Simultaneously the MFIQ was conducted. Test‐retest reliability and construct validity were assessed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation, respectively.

Results

The ICC of the MAT was 0.906 (95% CI: 0.801‐0.957), which indicates an excellent reliability. A weak correlation of 0.386 (P = .052) between the first MAT and the overall outcome of the MFIQ was found. A significant moderate correlation of 0.401 (P = .042) was found between the retest of the MAT and the overall outcome of the MFIQ. One question on the MFIQ (about yawning) showed a moderate positive correlation of 0.569 (P = .002) and 0.416 (P = .034) for the MAT test and retest, respectively.

Conclusion

The MAT is an easy test to use in follow‐up of patients. The test‐retest reliability of this test is excellent in condylar trauma patients. As the validity of the MAT and the MFIQ could not be confirmed, the MFIQ may be an addition to patient's feedback about the rehabilitation process of their mandibular functioning.
Evaluation of microbial contamination and effects of storage in raw meat‐based dog foods purchased online
Authors: Morelli Giada , Catellani Paolo , Miotti Scapin Riccardo , Bastianello Sofia , Conficoni Daniele , Contiero Barbara , Ricci Rebecca
Published: December 2019

Feeding raw‐meat‐based diets to companion animals has become a widespread practice, and many owners are now accustomed to buying frozen ingredients online. The goals of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of raw‐meat dog foods obtained from specialized websites and to evaluate the effects of storage at different temperatures for a few days. Twenty‐nine raw dog food products were processed for quantitative bacteriology (i.e. total viable count, TVC; Escherichia coli; faecal coliforms, FC) and sulphite‐reducing clostridia, and analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium difficile. Every sample was examined right after the delivery (T0), after 24 to 48 hr and after 72 hr, both at 2°C and 7°C. At T0, the mean score for the TVC was 5.9 × 106 cfu/g (SD = 4.8 × 107 cfu/g), while those for E. coli and FC were 1.1 × 104 cfu/g (SD = 2.5 × 105 cfu/g) and 3.3 × 103 cfu/g (SD = 6.5 × 104 cfu/g) respectively. The samples stored at 2°C had a significant increase of all parameters (TVC: p < .01; E. coli: p = .03; FC: p = .04) through time. Noteworthy differences between the analyses performed at 2°C and 7°C were found for TVC (p < .01), being the samples considerably more contaminated at higher temperatures. No sample tested positive for Salmonella spp., while L. monocytogenes was isolated from 19 products, Y. enterocolitica from three products and Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile from four and six products respectively. The microbiological quality of raw‐meat dog foods sold online appears to be poor, carrying considerable amounts of potentially zoonotic bacteria and reaching greater levels of bacterial contaminations if not kept at proper refrigeration temperatures and fed soon after defrosting.
Physico‐Chemical, antioxidant activities, textural, and sensory properties of yoghurt fortified with different states and rates of pomegranate seeds (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Bchir Brahim , Bouaziz Mohamed Ali , Blecker Christophe , Attia Hamadi
Published: December 2019

This study examines the effects of incorporating fresh, frozen, osmodehydrated, and dried pomegranate seeds, at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) on the physicochemical, antioxidant, textural, and sensory properties of yoghurt. Antioxidant activity, pH, acidity, syneresis, and color of yoghurt were also evaluated during the storage (28 days) at 4°C. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the correlations between different yoghurt formulation and their sensory attributes. Data showed that the addition of pomegranate seeds reduced pH and modified the chromatics coordinate (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°) and firmness of the yoghurt samples. In addition, acidity, °Brix, and syneresis increased compared to the control. Thanks to their high anthocyanin content, pomegranate seeds considerably improved the antioxidant activity essentially for yoghurt enriched with frozen seeds. In addition, the supplementation of 20% of frozen seeds into yoghurt was the most appreciated by panelists and improved the sensory properties in comparison to other formulation. According to PCA, taste and appearance were the main criteria for the overall acceptability of yoghurt. After 28 days of storage, the reddish color was reinforced; however, the antioxidant activity of yoghurts was reduced. Overall, it can be concluded that pomegranate seeds can be used as a natural ingredient to develop a novel yoghurt with high nutritional properties.
Caste‐biased locomotor activities in isolated termites
Authors: Shimoji Hiroyuki , Mizumoto Nobuaki , Oguchi Kohei , Dobata Shigeto
Published: December 2019

Eusocial insects are characterized by a well‐developed division of labour among castes. Although the successful division of labour should stem from behavioural differentiation depending on caste identity, caste‐specific intrinsic behavioural characteristics might be masked by social interactions within colonies. The present study explores caste‐specific intrinsic locomotive activities of termites by quantifying them in isolation. We track individual movement trajectories of the damp‐wood termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti over 30 min and extract individual locomotion parameters. Multivariate statistical analyses reveal significant differences among castes: soldiers move more actively than workers and neotenic reproductives. The morphometric data of test individuals indicate that locomotor activities reflected caste identity more strongly compared with quantitative morphological variations among individuals. We find that the different locomotor activities of soldiers compared with those of neotenics and workers probably reflect their physiological differentiation. The present study provides a basis for a deeper understanding of the roles of individual locomotor activities in social behaviours.
Expression and functions of cellular prion proteins in immunocytes
Authors: Zhang Baizhuo , Shen Pingping , Yin Xiang , Dai Yanyuan , Ding Mingxuan , Cui Li
Published: December 2019

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative processes caused by the accumulation of the pathological prion protein, PrPSc. While pathological lesions are limited to the central nervous system (CNS), disease‐specific proteins accumulate and replicate in secondary lymphoid organs prior to neuroinvasion, and their replication there depends on the abundance of cellular prion protein (PrPC). PrPC is expressed in both central and peripheral lymphoid tissues, and up‐ or downregulates innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to prion diseases, PrPC is also immunologically involved in other neurological disorders and infectious diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Herein, we summarize the expression and functions of PrPC in various immunocytes, as well as its immunological and pathological roles in neurodegeneration and infection.
Ex vivo full‐field cellular‐resolution optical coherence tomography of basal cell carcinomas: A pilot study of quality and feasibility of images and diagnostic accuracy in subtypes
Authors: Wang Yen‐Jen , Chang Wei‐Chin , Wang Jen‐Yu , Wu Yu‐Hung
Published: December 2019

Background

Studies have reported the application of conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The new OCT provides cellular details similar to those in pathology slides and may reduce user learning time. This study aimed to demonstrate the quality of ex vivo full‐field cellular‐resolution OCT images and compare the diagnostic accuracy between physicians with varying pathology experience.

Materials and Methods

Sixty histologically confirmed BCCs were selected. Tissue samples were sectioned and scanned using OCT, and their features were compared with those of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained sections. Thirty images were selected for the test administered to dermatology residents, dermatopathology fellows, and board‐certified general pathologists without any OCT experience. The pretest learning included a 3‐min instruction and 10‐min self‐study of four BCC variants.

Results

Histopathological BCC and normal histological features were clearly recognizable on the OCT images. The pathological BCC features observed in the OCT images correlated with those found in the H&E‐stained sections. Seven participants completed the test. The correct answer rates of the residents, fellows, and pathologists were 71%, 68%, and 83% for BCC and 44%, 57%, and 57% for the BCC subtypes, respectively.

Conclusion

All the participants identified BCC in >70% cases with a learning time of only 13 minutes. The results indicated that cellular‐resolution OCT provided high‐quality images similar to the conventional pathology slides. Pathology experience did reflect the diagnostic accuracy. However, a longer training time is still needed at all levels to recognize the BCC subtypes correctly.
Advancements in web‐mapping tools for land use and marine spatial planning
Authors: González Ainhoa , Kelly Christina , Rymszewicz Anna
Published: December 2019

Land use and marine spatial planning processes are increasingly supported by systematic assessment techniques, particularly by multi‐criteria spatial analysis methods. This has been facilitated by the growing release and uptake of web‐mapping tools, which contribute to transparent, consistent, and informed planning processes and decisions. This article reviews the usability, functionality, and applicability of contemporary planning web‐mapping tools to identify the state‐of‐the‐art and future prospects. The review reveals that interfaces are increasingly available and intuitively applicable by non‐specialized users. Basic map navigation and data querying functionality is being expanded to incorporate advanced map‐making and online data geoprocessing capabilities that enable deriving new data and insights. However, the majority of published planning web tools are one‐off solutions, and a disconnect between research and practice is rendering many of these inaccessible or obsolete. Despite the significant progress made in advancing their provision in the last decade, there is a need for developing transferable interfaces that are maintained beyond project end dates, for them to effectively and consistently support planning processes.
Clinical manifestation of hemophilia A in the absence of mutations in the F8 gene that encodes FVIII: role of microRNAs
Authors: Jankowska Katarzyna I. , McGill Joseph , Pezeshkpoor Behnaz , Oldenburg Johannes , Atreya Chintamani D. , Sauna Zuben E.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Hemophilia A (HA) is associated with mutations in the F8 gene that expresses factor VIII (FVIII). Unexpectedly, HA also manifests in a small subset of individuals with no mutations (exonic or intronic) in their F8 gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) cause translational interference, affecting protein quality and stoichiometry. Here, by analyzing miRNAs of two patients from this subset, we evaluated miRNA‐based FVIII suppression as a testable hypothesis to explain FVIII deficiency in patients with HA with no F8 gene mutations.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

To test the hypothesis, miRNA sequencing from two patients with mild and moderate HA with no mutations in their F8 gene, followed by experimental verification, was used to identify a group of upregulated miRNAs in patients with HA compared to normal controls; with binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of F8 messenger RNA (mRNA), a prerequisite for miRNA‐based gene regulation. From this pool, miR‐374b‐5p and miR‐30c‐5p, known to be expressed in human liver, where FVIII is expressed, were subjected to extensive characterization.

RESULTS

In two cell lines that constitutively express FVIII, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐374b or miR‐30c decreased FVIII expression, while an miR‐30c inhibitor partially restored FVIII expression.

CONCLUSION

These data support a role for microRNAs in fine‐tuning F8 gene regulation. Based on our findings, our current model suggests that in HA cases where the F8 gene is normal and is predicted to express normal levels of FVIII, F8 mRNA 3′ UTR targeting miRNAs may be responsible for a FVIII‐deficiency phenotype clinically manifesting as HA.
Shade‐induced plasticity in invasive Impatiens glandulifera populations
Authors: Gruntman M , Segev U , Tielbörger K
Published: December 2019

Phenotypic plasticity, which confers a fitness advantage under heterogeneous and novel environments, has been commonly suggested to contribute to the success of invasive plants in their introduced range. For example, plasticity in response to changes in light availability could facilitate invasiveness by allowing plants to both rapidly establish in unshaded, disturbed habitats, and tolerate shaded or crowded environments. The plastic responses of invasive plants to shade were mostly studied in morphological traits. However, plasticity in physiological traits might provide more rapid and reversible responses and thus be more effective in environments with rapid temporal variations. Here, we compared plasticity in a range of morphological and physiological traits that provide shade avoidance or tolerance between two native and six introduced populations of Impatiens glandulifera. In a common garden, we subjected second‐generation siblings of native and invasive plants to two light availability treatments and measured their morphological, physiological and performance responses. Impatiens glandulifera from invasive populations exhibited greater phenotypic plasticity in response to light availability in four out of 12 measured traits. Moreover, this greater plasticity was mostly limited to physiological traits associated with photosynthetic acclimation. These results suggest high phenotypic plasticity in response to light availability could have facilitated I. glandulifera's spread in both disturbed habitats and woodlands or under intense light competition. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering physiological traits when studying the role of plasticity in the success of invasive plants.
Vegetative propagation of Solidago canadensis – do fragment size and burial depth matter?
Authors: Rosef L , Ingebrigtsen H H , Heegaard E
Published: December 2019

Clonal species may benefit from human disturbance because their vegetative fragments may be distributed via soil. Solidago canadensis is an invasive rhizomatous perennial frequently found in ruderal environments. When creating new infrastructure, digging and cutting are two main factors that may influence the spread of S. canadensis into new areas. To have a better understanding of the invasive potential of S. canadensis, we investigated whether S. canadensis was able to survive and grow from stem cuttings as well as from rhizomes. Rhizomes and cuttings were collected from three populations in Eastern Norway. The rhizomes and cuttings were planted in a pot experiment to assess their vegetative ability to propagate. Rhizome fragments (5 and 10 cm long) were buried at 0.5, 10 and 30 cm depths. The cuttings were planted as 15 cm stems, with the bottom 5 cm pushed into the soil. The results showed that rhizome length did not have an effect on survival. Although some sprouting occurred at all burial depths, increasing depth had a negative effect on rhizome survival. In general, development of the cuttings was good, but there were differences between population performance and survival. These results imply that care must be taken when (i) constructing new sites, because digging and transport of soil masses may spread S. canadensis into new areas by rhizomes or cuttings, and (ii) mowing road verges and other ruderal areas to prevent the spread of stem cuttings from one area to another.
An Improved Discrete Cosine Transformation Block Based Scheme for Copy-move Image Forgery Detection
Authors: Hassanat Oyiza Abdulraheem , Maarof Mohd Aizaini
Published: December 2019

Copy-moved forgery is a common method to manipulate images. Several attempts of image forgery have been discovered and involves a region been duplicated and copied and pasted on another region of the same image in other to achieve selfish gain. Generally, there are two classification of copy-move forgery detection technique such as the block-based and key point-based. The block-based division is mostly used and divides image into blocks during the stage of image pre-processing before features are extracted, whereas key-point based technique skips the division of image into blocks and directly extracts different local feature from the image. In this paper, we review various block based and key point approach which has been proposed by various researchers. There is a problem of achieving a balance between improving the detection accuracy and having minimal computational complexity. The proposed technique is based on an improved DCT based copy-move image forgery detection (IDB-CFD), which involves using an octagonal block to reduce the number of features for matching, thereby improving detection accuracy while having minimal complexity. The analysis of this work as compared to previous proposed works which is based on a robust detection algorithm for copy-move image forgery (RDA-CF) and involves using circle block to reduce the number of features, results show that previous work represents about 79% of the quantized DCT coefficients on each image block and this proposed work represents about 85% of quantized DCT coefficients, therefore, recovery of about 6% more features using the IDB-CFD technique was observed as the improvement over the previously proposed RDA-CF.