bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Architecture on the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Single-Polymer Composites
Authors: Nagarajan Yogeshvaran R. , Farukh Farukh , Kandan Karthikeyan
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the tensile and flexural properties of self-reinforced polylactic acid (SrPLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (SrPET) for prosthetic socket applications. These self-reinforced polymer (srP) composites utilize both a matrix and reinforcement made from the same material, resulting in an optimal matrix–interface bond that significantly enhances mechanical properties compared to traditional bulk polymers and composites. Prosthetic sockets serve as a critical interface between an amputee’s residuum and the prosthetic components, such as pylons and feet. Conventional socket materials, including monolithic high-density polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as advanced fillers reinforced with thermoset resins, often fall short in strength or affordability, particularly for amputees in low- to middle-income countries. In this study, we employed srP composites with various architectural stitch densities, aiming to achieve superior material properties. The results demonstrate that these materials exhibit higher strength and strain capabilities than many existing prosthetic materials. Notably, the low-density srPET composites achieved a tensile strength of 85.11 MPa and a strain of 19.7%, while high-density srPLA exhibited a failure strength of 36.65 MPa and a strain of 1.4%. Additionally, our findings reveal that the stiffness of both srPLA and srPET increases as the density of the reinforcement decreases. Overall, this study suggests that srP composites represent a viable and sustainable alternative for the manufacturing of prosthetic sockets, offering both enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness.
Optimizing Bioaugmentation for Pharmaceutical Stabilization of Sewage Sludge: A Study on Short-Term Composting Under Real Conditions
Authors: Angeles-De Paz Gabriela , Cubero-Cardoso Juan , Pozo Clementina , Calvo Concepción , Aranda Elisabet , Robledo-Mahón Tatiana
Published: January 2025

A significant concentration of pharmaceuticals has been detected within composted sewage sludge. Their uncomplete removal and lack of monitoring during composting neglects their potentially toxic effects when used as a soil organic amendment. Previously, we successfully implemented a bioaugmentation–composting system focused on toxicity and pharmaceuticals’ concentration reduction. This method, however, comprised a long inoculant-acclimatization period, making it an unprofitable technology. Hence, this work aimed to explore a shorter and yet effective composting process by simultaneously implementing the inoculation of a native microbial consortium and the fungus Penicillium oxalicum XD 3.1 in composting piles of sewage sludge and olive prunings. All the piles were subjected to frequent inoculation, windrow turning, and monitoring of the physicochemical and biological parameters. Additionally, both the bioaugmentation stability and pharmaceuticals degradation were evaluated through different analysis and removal rates calculations. One hundred days earlier than previous attempts, both bioaugmentation treatments achieved adequate composting conditions, maintained core native populations while improving the degrading microbial diversity, and achieved around 70–72% of pharmaceutical remotion. Nevertheless, only Penicillium inoculation produced favorable toxicity results ideal for organic amendments (acute microtoxicity and phytotoxicity). Thus, a shorter but equally stable and effective degrading bioaugmentation–composting with P. oxalicum was achieved here.
Gene Expression in Aphelid Zoospores Reveals Their Transcriptional and Translational Activity and Alacrity for Invasion
Authors: Pozdnyakov Igor R. , Seliuk Alexei O. , Barzasekova Kristina O. , Karpov Sergey A.
Published: January 2025

In Aphelidium insulamus (Opisthokonta, Aphelida) zoospores, the expression of 7708 genes out of 7802 described genes was detected. For 589 of them, expression levels were shown to be more than 10 times higher than the median level. Among the highly expressed genes with known functions, the largest functional categories were “Cellular Metabolism”, “Protein Synthesis”, “Cell State Control”, and “Nucleic Acid Processing”. Unlike fungal zoospores, translational and transcriptional activity was demonstrated for A. insulamus zoospores. With increasing temperature, the expression of many zoospore genes changed dramatically; the expression of heat shock and chaperone protein genes multiplied more than 30 times, indicating the high sensitivity of aphelid zoospores and their response to environmental changes.
Toward a Sense of Place Unified Conceptual Framework Based on a Narrative Review: A Way of Feeding Place-Based GIS
Authors: Rezeg Ahmed , Roche Stéphane , Eveno Emmanuel
Published: January 2025

Space and place are two of the main concepts in several fields of knowledge, such as human geography, environmental psychology, urban sociology, architecture, urban planning, and others. Space is an objective and structured concept. It is mainly a physical location characterized by measured dimensions and geographical coordinates, while place is a location that holds meaning and value for an individual or a group, created through the human experience and social interactions. Sense of place is thus a set of precepted meanings and attitudinal ties toward a place (conative, affective, and cognitive bonds). From a geospatial perspective, the subjective aspect of sense of place is difficult to depict in a cartographic projection. From this angle, Place-Based Geographic Information Systems represent a set of initiatives that attempt to combine the objectivity of spaces and the subjectivity of places in digital systems, and that integrate spatial semantic characteristics as described by places’ users. In this paper, the methodological approach is mainly based on a systematic analysis and search of the scientific literature. It is a narrative review inspired and based on a scoping review strategy following the JBI methodology and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. This bibliographic analysis is about understanding the characterization and the components of sense of place. Results take the form of a synthesis of the conceptual approaches most prominent in the literature, in addition to a conceptual model encompassing the full conceptual specificities of the sense of place concept.
A Review: Potential of Earth Observation (EO) for Mapping Small-Scale Agriculture and Cropping Systems in West Africa
Authors: Heiss Niklas , Meier Jonas , Gessner Ursula , Kuenzer Claudia
Published: January 2025

West Africa faces a complex range of challenges arising from climatic, social, economic, and ecological factors, which pose significant risks. The rapidly growing population, coupled with persistently low agricultural yield, further exacerbates these risks. A state-of-the-art monitoring and data derivation of agricultural systems are crucial for improving livelihoods and enhancing food security. Despite smallholder farming systems accounting for 80% of cultivated cropland area and providing about 42% of the total employment in West Africa, there exists a lack of a comprehensive overview of Remote Sensing (RS) products and studies specifically tailored to smallholder farming systems, which this review aims to address. Through a systematic literature review comprising 163 SCI papers sourced from the Web of Science database (Filter I), followed by a full-text review (Filter II), we analyze the RS sensors, spatiotemporal distribution, temporal scales, the crop types examined, and thematic foci employed in existing research. Our findings highlight the predominance of high to very high-resolution, multispectral sensors as the primary data source and we observe that a wide array of available sensors and datasets, along with increasing computing capacities, have shaped the field over the last years. By highlighting existing knowledge, this study identifies the potential of RS and pinpoints the key research gaps. This sets the stage for future investigations aimed at addressing critical challenges in West African smallholder agricultural systems.
Combined Thermal Index Development for Urban Heat Island Detection in Area of Split, Croatia
Authors: Ćesić Majda , Rogulj Katarina , Krtalić Andrija
Published: January 2025

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a phenomenon of temperature rising within urban areas relative to their rural counterparts. UHIs are becoming an increasingly common problem in large cities, which appear due to excessive urbanization and reductions in natural cover and vegetation. This phenomenon negatively affects the quality of life of the residents of the affected city, causing discomfort, reducing air quality, and increasing energy demand. In this study, UHIs were detected and analyzed in the city of Split, Croatia, using data from the Landsat 8 and 9 satellite missions and ground-based measurements of air and land surface temperatures, which were conducted in July, August, and September 2024. This research compares ground-based and sensor-based temperatures, and their analysis results in the proposal of a new index: the Combined Thermal Index. The main feature of this new index, which combines measured and perceived temperature, is to improve the understanding of the impact of UHIs in the city (Split), compared to existing indices. So far, LST and air temperature have not been combined, nor have they been combined with human perception of temperature, which is important in the case of UHIs because it is these people who will ultimately feel a rise in temperature.
Effect of Weathering on Cd Mobilization in Different Sedimentary Bedrock Soils
Authors: Ning Yongqiang , Yang Minglong , Liu Chutong , Huang Jiazhong , Wang Tianyi , Pang Yong , Li Quanheng
Published: January 2025

Cd (cadmium) has been categorized as a crucial food pollutant by the World Health Organization. Research regarding Cd pollution mainly centers on the source of anthropogenic pollution. Nevertheless, there is scarce knowledge concerning the natural weathering input of Cd, particularly that from sedimentary rocks as bedrocks. Herein, we endeavored to explore the contribution of various sedimentary rocks (Quaternary sediments, mudstone, limestone, sandstone, shale, greywacke, and marl) under similar weathering conditions to the input of Cd in agricultural soils. The concentrations of Cd in soils with different bedrocks are as follows: sandstone: 0.30 ± 0.03 mg/kg (SME) > Quaternary sediments: 0.30 ± 0.04 mg/kg (SME) > shale: 0.25 ± 0.04 mg/kg (SME) > greywacke: 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/kg (SME) > mudstone: 0.24 ± 0.01 mg/kg (SME) > marl: 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/kg (SME) > limestone: 0.21 ± 0.03 mg/kg (SME). The results of major element oxides (K2O, MgO, Na2O, Fe2O3, and CaO) imply that Cd in soil primarily stems from the weathering of bedrocks. However, random forest analysis reveals that the soil formation processes of greywacke, mudstone, and marl lead to the loss of Cd in the soil, while those of shale and limestone result in the input of Cd into the soil. This study emphasizes that the process of Cd import and loss in soil is closely related to the type of bedrock and the weathering process.
Tribological Analysis of Laser-Textured WC-Co Against Ti6Al4V Under Dry and Lubricated Conditions for Different Sliding Times
Authors: Garcia-Fernandez Javier , Batista Moises , Vazquez-Martinez Juan Manuel , Salguero Jorge , Del Sol Irene , Ramirez-Peña Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Machining titanium alloys, particularly Ti6Al4V, pose significant challenges in manufacturing engineering. The combination of high strength and low thermal conductivity makes Ti6Al4V a particularly difficult material to machine. One of these difficulties is the rapid wear and short tool life of cutting tools, which substantially increases manufacturing costs. To address this issue, the texturing of cutting tools, especially using laser-based techniques, has garnered significant attention due to its potential to enhance the tribological performance of textured surfaces. In this paper, by means of a groove design applied to a tungsten carbide (WC) disc by laser surface texturing (LST), its behavior and wear have been evaluated after subjecting it to tribological pin-on-flat tests by confronting it with Ti6Al4V pins with different reciprocating times (250 s, 500 s, 750 s and 1000 s) in lubricated and dry conditions. In addition, these same tests have been replicated without textures for comparison. Through conducting this research, we expect to gain new insights into texturing processes and their influence on friction and sliding behavior under lubricated conditions. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate how lubricant retention capacity varies to reduce friction and wear across different testing durations. The results show better behavior with textures, reaching a higher rate of volume loss in the titanium pins. The main conclusions obtained after these tests are that textures offer a better performance in tests up to 800 s. In addition, after this time, the lubricant begins to lose its properties, becoming an abrasive paste.
Finite Element Simulation of Hot Rolling for Large-Scale AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless-Steel Slabs Using Industrial Rolling Schedules—Part 1: Set-Up, Optimization, and Validation of Numerical Model
Authors: Ojeda-López Adrián , Botana-Galvín Marta , Collado-García Irene , González-Rovira Leandro , Botana Francisco Javier
Published: January 2025

A growing need to reduce the environmental impact and cost of manufacturing stainless steels has led to the development of ferritic stainless steel as an alternative to austenitic and duplex steels. The development of new stainless steels involves the optimization of their hot rolling processes, with the aim of minimizing the occurrence of defects and improving productivity. In this context, numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) is presented as a key tool to reduce the time and cost associated with traditional trial-and-error optimization methods. Previous work oriented towards the simulation of stainless steels has been focused on the study of small samples, on the performance of laboratory-scale tests, and on the use of 2D FEM models. In this study, a three-dimensional FEM model is proposed to simulate the hot rolling process of large-scale AISI 430 ferritic stainless-steel slabs using an industrial rolling schedule employed in the actual manufacturing process of flat products. Model optimization is performed in order to reduce the computational cost of the simulations, based on the simulation of the first pass of the hot rolling process of AISI 430 stainless steel. The results show that model optimization reduces the computational time by 90.2% without compromising the accuracy of the results. Thus, it was found that the results for thickness and rolling load showed a good correlation with the experimental values. In addition, the simulations performed allowed for the analysis of the distribution of temperature and effective plastic strain.
Study on the Axial Compressive Behavior and Constitutive Relationship of Lightweight Mixed Ceramic Concrete
Authors: Huang Yanxia , Huang Weiying , Huang Qunyi , Tuo Wanyong , Feng Qingchao
Published: January 2025

To thoroughly study the stress–strain relationship of lightweight mixed ceramic concrete, this paper conducts axial compressive strength tests on three groups of lightweight mixed ceramic concrete specimens with different types and contents as the basis. It establishes the elastic modulus calculation formula and compressive stress–strain formula for lightweight mixed ceramic concrete by combining with the current standards and related research. The results show that lightweight mixed ceramic concrete, made of a mixture of different types and densities of ceramic grains, has better mechanical properties and deformation properties. The calculation errors of the modulus of elasticity formulas, derived from the experimental results for the three groups of lightweight mixed ceramic concretes, are all controlled within 5%. The average relative errors of the fitting results of stress–strain curves for the three groups of specimens and the measured data are as low as 6.66%, 3.16%, and 3.39%. The errors between the experimental values of the modulus of elasticity of different studies and the predicted values based on the formula in this paper were controlled within 17%, and the average relative errors between the predicted and experimental results of the stress–strain curves for the three groups of specimens were 2.64%, 8.94%, and 17.50%. This paper innovatively constructs a prediction model of key mechanical parameters of lightweight mixed ceramic concrete, which can provide a reference and experimental basis for the structural analysis and application of lightweight mixed ceramic concrete.
Strategies for Optimizing Acute Burn Wound Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Cretu Andrei , Grosu-Bularda Andreea , Bordeanu-Diaconescu Eliza-Maria , Hodea Florin-Vlad , Ratoiu Vladut-Alin , Dumitru Catalina-Stefania , Andrei Mihaela-Cristina , Neagu Tiberiu-Paul , Lascar Ioan , Hariga Cristian-Sorin
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in acute burn wound therapy are transforming the management of burn injuries, with a focus on improving healing times, graft integration, and minimizing complications. However, current clinical treatments face significant challenges, including the difficulty of accurately assessing wound depth and tissue viability, which can lead to suboptimal treatment planning. Traditional closure methods often struggle with issues such as delayed wound closure, limited graft survival, inadequate tissue regeneration, and insufficient vascularization. Furthermore, managing infection and minimizing scarring remain persistent obstacles, impacting functional recovery and aesthetic outcomes. Key areas of innovation include advanced imaging techniques that enable more precise assessment of wound depth, size, and tissue viability, allowing for more accurate treatment planning. In addition, new closure strategies are being developed to accelerate wound closure, enhance graft survival, and address challenges such as tissue regeneration, vascularization, and infection prevention. These strategies aim to optimize both functional recovery and aesthetic outcomes, reducing scarring and improving the quality of life for burn patients. While promising, these emerging techniques require further research and clinical validation to refine their effectiveness and expand their accessibility. Together, these innovations represent a significant shift in acute burn care, offering the potential for more personalized, efficient, and effective treatments.
The Effect of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma on Endometrial Receptivity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stefanović Milan , Vukomanović Predrag , Kutlesic Ranko , Trenkić Milan , Dimitrov Vanja , Stefanović Aleksa , Cvetanović Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) transfusions are a relatively new treatment method used in different fields of medicine, including the field of reproductive medicine. One of the applications of these concentrated platelet infusions is the treatment of endometrial receptivity, which is a key factor for embryo implantation. There are implications that PRP infusions can lead to increased endometrial thickness, endometrial receptivity, and significantly elevated clinical pregnancy rates. Our objective is to briefly understand what PRP is and to, through a narrative review, summarize the findings from studies focused on evaluating the benefits of PRP infusions to treat thin endometrium with the goal of achieving better endometrial receptivity. Materials and Methods: Reference data was searched using Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE to identify reports from 2015 to 2024. The combination of search words used was “PRP” and “platelet-rich plasma” with “thin endometrium”, “endometrial receptivity”, “endometrial thickness”, and “endometrial implantation”. Obtained articles were screened, and suited studies (randomized controlled trials, case reports, case series, pilot studies, and reviews) were included in the present review. Reports not available in the English language were eliminated from the current review. Results: The results from most of the reviewed studies showed a positive effect of autologous PRP infusions on increasing endometrial thickness, enhancing endometrial receptivity, and elevating clinical pregnancy rates. The majority of the evaluated findings revealed endometrial thickness > 7 mm (increased endometrial thickness was observed in each evaluated study) following the PRP treatment. More than 50% of the evaluated studies resulted in enhanced endometrial thickness, increased endometrial receptivity, and an elevated pregnancy rate after the PRP application. Conclusions: Autologous PRP infusions for treating endometrium are a relatively new method that has shown promising results. Its major strengths are availability and proper application, which eliminates possible immunological reactions or disease transmission. The main drawbacks are not enough data on safety (i.e., its effect on endometriosis) and the lack of uniformity in the PRP preparation, which would provide optimal standardized quality and quantity of the PRP product and, thus, optimal treatment results.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease: Does Diabetes Play a Contributing Role?
Authors: Boieriu Alexandra Maria , Luca Cezar Dumitrel , Neculoiu Carmen Daniela , Bisoc Alina , Țînț Diana
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and oxidative stress play major contributions in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Diabetes is a pathological state associated with endothelial damage and enhanced oxidative stress. This study evaluated endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, comparing those with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: We included 84 patients with severe coronary artery disease (33 of whom had type 2 diabetes mellitus) who underwent clinical assessments, ultrasound, and coronaryangiography. The SYNTAXI score was calculated from the coronaryangiogram. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma serotonin (5-HT; SER) levels, as well as levels of superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1) and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) to assess oxidative stress. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used as a surrogate for endothelial dysfunction (ED),along with serum concentrations of 5-HT. Results: The coronary atherosclerotic burden, assessed using the SYNTAX I score, was more severe in patients with CAD and associated T2DM compared to those with CAD without T2DM (30.5 (17–54) vs. 29 (17–48); p = 0.05). The SYNTAX score was found to be positively correlated with T2DM (p = 0.029; r = 0.238).ED measured by FMD was associated with T2DM (p = 0.042; r = −0.223), with lower FMD measurements in T2DM patients when compared with individuals without this pathology (2.43% (0.95–5.67) vs. 3.46% (1.02–6.75); p = 0.079). Also, in the studied population, T2DM was correlated with serum 5-HT levels (764.78 ± 201 ng/mL vs. 561.06 ± 224 ng/mL; p < 0.001; r = 0.423), with higher plasma circulating levels of 5-HT in patients with T2DM. No statistically significant differences for oxidative stress markers (SOD-1 and LOX-1) were obtained when comparing T2DM and non-T2DM patients with severe CAD. Conclusions: ED (as assessed by brachial FMD and serum 5-HT) is more severe in in diabetic patients with severe CAD scheduled for CABG surgery, while oxidative stress (as evaluated through serum SOD-1 and LOX-1 concentrations) was not influenced by the presence of T2DM in this specific population. The most important finding of the present study is that circulating 5-HT levels are markedly influenced by T2DM. 5-HT receptor-targeted therapy might be of interest in patients undergoing CABG, but further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Clinical Efficacy of Three-Dimensional-Printed Pure Titanium Fracture Plates with Locking Screw Systems in Distal Tibia Fractures
Authors: Choi Ji Hye , Lee Jun Hyoung , Lee Seung Hyeop , Jang Woo Young
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Distal tibia fractures are high-energy injuries characterized by a mismatch between standard plate designs and the patient’s specific anatomical bone structure, which can lead to severe soft tissue damage. Recent advancements have focused on the development of customized metal plates using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. However, 3D-printed metal plates using titanium alloys have not incorporated a locking system due to the brittleness of these alloys. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether a locking mechanism can be effectively implemented using 3D-printed pure titanium and further evaluate the clinical outcomes of such implants in patients with distal tibia fractures. Materials and Methods: Between March 2021 and June 2022, nine patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for distal tibia fractures using 3D-printed pure titanium plates were enrolled. Pure titanium powder (Ti Gr.2, Type A, 3D Systems, USA) was spread to a thickness of 30 μm and partially sintered using a 500 W laser to produce the 3D-printed metal plates. The locking screws were fabricated using a milling process. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed on the nine patients using 10 customized plates. The clinical efficacy was analyzed using the union rate, and complications, such as infection and skin irritation, were evaluated to ensure a comprehensive outcome assessment. Results: Surgical treatment was successfully performed on nine patients, with nine of ten plates remaining stable and undamaged. However, one patient with neurofibromatosis experienced a fractured metal plate, which necessitated revision surgery using a metal rod. No screw loosening or surgical wound complications occurred. Conclusions: This study showed that 3D-printed pure titanium plates with integrated locking screw systems provide a viable and effective solution for managing distal tibia fractures. Three-dimensional printing and pure titanium show promise for orthopedic advancements.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Singapore
Authors: Chen Hui Lionel Raphael , Lee Piea Peng , Zhao Yun , Ng Wei Hao Caleb , Zhao Jiashen , Tan Yu En Christopher , Loh Bo Jie Sean , Chow Kah-Hoe Pierce , Tan Hiang Khoon , Tan Kwong-Wei Emile
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries implemented lockdowns and social distancing measures, which may delay the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to review the impact of the pandemic on the diagnosis and treatment outcomes of CRC. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent colonoscopy or surgery for CRC were included. The study was divided into the pre-COVID-19 (January 2019–January 2020), early COVID-19 (February–May 2020), recovery (June–December 2020), and heightened alert (January–December 2021) periods. Cox regression was used to model the waiting time to colonoscopy. Multivariable logistic regression identified associations between time periods and incidence of CRC diagnosed. The characteristics and outcomes of the surgical procedures that were performed were compared across the time periods. Results: A total of 18,662 colonoscopies and 1462 surgical procedures were performed in the study period. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, there was a longer time to colonoscopy during the recovery (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.94) and heightened alert periods (HR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.85, 0.91). The early COVID-19 (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.77) and recovery (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.43) periods were associated with higher odds of diagnosing CRC. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, there was a higher proportion of ASA 4 patients (4.3% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.001) and stage 4 CRC patients (22.2% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.001) that required surgery during the heightened alert period. Similarly, there was a higher proportion of emergency surgeries (22% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.002); diverting stomas (13.5% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.005), and Hartmann’s procedures (4.4% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.001) performed during the heightened alert period. Conclusions: The pandemic was associated with a higher proportion of metastatic CRC patients requiring surgery. Healthcare policies should facilitate early cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment to reduce cancer-related morbidity for future pandemics.
Unraveling the Beneficial Role of Resveratrol in Fructose-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis with a Focus on the AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Axis
Authors: Zakaria Soha S. , Hanafy Safaa M.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: High fructose intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disease that is on the rise worldwide. New alternatives for treatment, such as bioactive phytochemicals, are needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial role of resveratrol in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Materials and Methods: Sixty male albino rats were allocated to three groups: group I, the normal control group; group II, the fructose-enriched diet group (FED), which was fed a 70% fructose diet for six weeks to induce NASH; and group III, the resveratrol–FED group (RES + FED), which was given the same FED diet plus an oral dose of 70 mg/kg resveratrol (RES) every day for an additional six weeks. We performed histological evaluations and assessed blood lipids and liver enzymes to study resveratrol’s impact on NASH. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the liver samples. ELISA was used to measure Beclin 1, AMPK, IL-6, and the DNA-binding activity of Nrf2. Oxidative stress indicators, including GSH, SOD, and MDA, were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Results: Resveratrol effectively alleviated the biochemical and histopathological abnormalities associated with NASH, improving autophagy by raising Beclin 1 levels while reducing inflammation by decreasing IL-6 levels. Furthermore, resveratrol restored the liver architecture and the oxidative balance, as evidenced by the decreased MDA levels and improved antioxidant status via elevated GSH and SOD activities, as well as the activation of the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling axis. Conclusions: This study specifically examines resveratrol’s therapeutic effects in a high-fructose diet-induced NASH model, focusing on the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway to address oxidative stress and autophagy, providing novel insights into its molecular mechanism of action. Resveratrol reduces NASH by boosting autophagy and activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway. These findings underscore the potential of resveratrol as a promising therapeutic agent that can support treatment alongside conventional medications in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Hybridization in Metal Wire Additive Manufacturing: A Case Study of an Impeller
Authors: Karade Shahu R. , Siddhartha Siddhartha , Gupta Neel Kamal , G Ganesan , Karunakaran K. P. , Zeidler Henning
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing (AM) has evolved to enable the direct production of functional components through the hybridization of additive and subtractive processes. In metal wire AM, hybridization is key, encompassing process integration (addition/subtraction), energy source combinations (arc/laser), kinematic options (3/4/5 axis), and slicing techniques (planar/conformal). This paper focuses on these hybridization methods, with a unified system designed for single-machine setups, improving efficiency and accuracy. This study presents a detailed exploration of these hybridization levels through the fabrication of a complex 5-axis geometry—an impeller. The impeller was manufactured with hybridization using various levels and subsequently compared with manufacturing processes like additive manufacturing with interlayer machining and traditional machining methods. The hybrid approach significantly reduced the manufacturing time for the selected impeller geometry from 3536 min to 792 min (saving 77.6% manufacturing time) and minimized material waste to 9.3%, compared with 74.07% in traditional machining. This demonstrates a more efficient, precise, and cost-effective method to optimize metal wire AM for producing complex metal components, advancing capabilities and applications.
Origin of Diorites and Coeval Mafic Microgranular Enclaves in the Liuba Region, South Qinling Orogen, Central China: Insights from Petrography, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry
Authors: Gao Shan , Pei Xianzhi , Pei Lei , Li Zuochen , Li Ruibao , Zhao Shaowei , Wang Mao , Qin Li , Wang Xiao
Published: January 2025

The formation of early Mesozoic granitoid plutons in the Qinling Orogen is widely regarded as a result of the collision and accretion between the Yangtze Block and the South Qinling Block during the early Mesozoic, but the specific magmatic process, source composition, tectonic environment and deep dynamic background remain controversial. This study reports the petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and whole-rock geochemistry of diorites from the Liuba and Qingyangyi plutons in the South Qinling, to provide new evidence for understanding the final collision tectonic evolution process of Qinling Orogenic belt. The Liuba and Qingyangyi plutons, located in the central part of the South Qinling region, are primarily composed of quartz diorite and quartz monzodiorite, respectively. The results indicate that the weighted mean crystallization ages of the quartz diorite in the Liuba pluton range from 216.1 ± 0.8 Ma to 217.1 ± 1.3 Ma, with the weighted mean crystallization ages of its MMEs being 215.4 ± 1.0 Ma. The crystallization ages of the quartz monzodiorite in the Qingyangyi pluton range from 214.6 ± 0.9 Ma to 215.4 ± 0.9 Ma, suggesting that both plutons were formed in the late Triassic. The investigated plutons are characterized as right-leaning and have weak negative Eu anomalies on the chondrite-normalized REE patterns diagram. The large ion lithophile elements (LILE) Rb, Ba, Th and K are relatively enriched, while high-field strength elements (HFSE) Nb, Ta, Ti and P are strongly depleted. The formation of numerous MMEs in the Liuba pluton is the product of magmatic mixing. The Liuba and Qingyangyi plutons are the results of crust thickening and partial melting of lower crust caused by the comprehensive late Triassic collision between the Yangtze Block and the North China Block (NCB), and are the manifestation of magmatic intrusion along the South Qinling tectonic belt in the late Triassic period.
New Insights for Improving Low-Rank Coal Flotation Performance via Tetrahydrofurfuryl Ester Collectors
Authors: Wang Xin , Ding Rui , Cui Xinyu , Qin Yonghong , Cheng Gan , Abaka-Wood George , Li Enze
Published: January 2025

With the advancement of large-scale coal development and utilization, low-rank coal (LRC) is increasingly gaining prominence in the energy sector. Upgrading and ash reduction are key to the clean utilization of LRC. Flotation technology based on gas/liquid/solid interfacial interactions remains an effective way to recover combustible materials and realize the clean utilization of coal. The traditional collector, kerosene, has demonstrated its inefficiency and environmental toxicity in the flotation of LRC. In this study, four eco-friendly tetrahydrofuran ester compounds (THF-series) were investigated as novel collectors to improve the flotation performance of LRC. The flotation results showed that THF-series collectors were more effective than kerosene in enhancing the LRC flotation. Among these, tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate (THFB) exhibited the best performance, with combustible material recovery and flotation perfection factors 79.79% and 15.05% higher than those of kerosene, respectively, at a dosage of 1.2 kg/t. Characterization results indicated that THF-series collectors rapidly adsorbed onto the LRC surface via hydrogen bonding, resulting in stronger hydrophobicity and higher electronegativity. High-speed camera and particle image velocimeter (PIV) observation further demonstrated that THFB dispersed more evenly in the flotation system, reducing the lateral movement of bubbles during their ascent, lowering the impact of bubble wakes on coal particles, and promoting the stable adhesion of bubbles to the LRC surface within a shorter time (16.65 ms), thereby preventing entrainment effects. This study provides new insights and options for the green and efficient flotation of LRC.
Asymmetric Donor–Acceptor 2,7-Disubstituted Fluorenes and Their 9-Diazoderivatives: Synthesis, Optical Spectra and Photolysis
Authors: Savchenko Andrei I. , Belov Vladimir N. , Bossi Mariano L. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: January 2025

In a search for dyes photoactivatable with visible light, fluorenes with substituents at positions 2 and 7 were prepared, and their absorption and emission spectra were studied. In particular, the synthesis route to 9-diazofluorenes with 2-(N,N-dialkylamino) and N-modified 7-(4-pyridyl) substituents was established. These compounds are initially non-fluorescent, undergo photolysis with UV or blue light, and—in non-polar media—provide orange- to red-emitting products with a large separation between absorption and emission bands. Irradiation of non-fluorescent 9-diazoderivative 20 in dioxane with the light of 365 nm or 470 nm was accompanied by strong fluorescence gain (10 to 20 times), orange–red emission, and a large Stokes shift of photoproducts, which structurally relate to fluorescent betaine 13 (model compound without diazo group). Photolysis of 20 in protic solvents (ROH = MeOH, H2O) provided clean transformation to C9-OR derivatives, though the emission gain in protic solvents was low.
Porous Single-Crystalline Rare Earth Phosphates Monolith to Enhance Catalytic Activity and Durability
Authors: Li Wenting , Ye Lingting , Tu Chaoyang , Xie Kui
Published: January 2025

Rare earth phosphate (XPO4) is an extremely important rare earth compound. It can exhibit excellent activity and stability in catalytic applications by modifying its inherent properties. Porous single-crystalline (PSC) PrPO4 and SmPO4 with a large surface area consist of ordered lattices and disordered interconnected pores, resulting in activity similar to nanocrystals and stability resembling bulk crystals. Herein, we present a study in which centimeter-scale PSC PrPO4 and SmPO4 monoliths were developed and oxygen defects in the crystal lattice were stabilized using single-crystal nature to synergistically improve catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE). The surface structure of the oxygen vacancies with unsaturated coordination is favorable for the adsorption and activation of ethane. The PSC PrPO4 and SmPO4 monoliths showed favorable performance with ~51% conversion of C2H6 and ~19% yield of C2H4 at 600 °C, while also exhibiting superior long-term stability during the catalytic process over a period of 115 h. In the presented work, we investigate a practical method for development and application in single-crystalline porous rare earth phosphate materials.
Study on Crack Resistance Mechanism of Helical Carbon Nanotubes in Nanocomposites
Authors: Bie Zhiwu , Liu Xuefeng , Deng Yajie , Shi Xian , He Xiaoqiao
Published: January 2025

Helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) with different geometrical properties were constructed and incorporated into nanocomposites for the investigation of the anti-crack mechanism. The interfacial mechanical properties of the nanocomposites reinforced with straight carbon nanotubes and various types of HCNTs were investigated through the pullout of HCNTs in the crack propagation using molecular dynamics (MD). The results show that the pullout force of HCNTs is much higher than that of CNTs because the physical interlock between HCNTs and matrices is much stronger than the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between CNTs and matrices. Remarkably, HCNTs with a large pitch length can not only effectively prevent the initiation of breakages but also hinder the growth of cracks, while HCNTs with a small diameter and tube radius cannot even effectively prevent the initiation of cracks, which is similar to straight CNTs. Moreover, the shear resistance of HCNTs increases with the increase in the helix angle, which remains at a high level when the helix angle reaches the critical value. However, HCNTs with a small helix angle and large diameter can carry out more polymer chains, while snake-like HCNTs and HCNTs with a small diameter and helix angle can hardly carry out any polymer chain during the pullout process and show similar interfacial properties to the straight CNTs.
Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete
Authors: Gao Kai , Chen Dun , Li Chunqing , Li Guoyu , Mao Yuncheng , Wu Xuyang , Su Anshuang , Zhang Hang , Wang Xu
Published: January 2025

The degradation of concrete caused by sulfate attack poses a significant challenge to its durability. Using nanomaterials to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete is a promising solution. A study of the durability of nano-alumina (NA)-modified concrete by sulfate erosion was carried out. The results showed that the compressive strength, quality, and permeability of concrete to chloride ions decreased during its long-term erosion by a sodium sulfate solution. The NA-modified concrete exhibited higher resistance to erosion by the sodium sulfate than ordinary concrete (OPC), the rate of reduction in its tensile strength was low, and the resistance of sample NA1 to penetration by chloride ions decreased only by one-fifth compared with that of OPC. The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests showed that erosion had severely damaged the pore characteristics and micromorphology of concrete. The total porosities of the OPC and NA1 samples increased from 12.68% and 10.29% to 16.03% and 12.71%, respectively. Their microscopic morphology revealed loose particles and poor compactness. The leading causes of damage to concrete due to erosion by the sodium sulfate were its crystallization pressure and the swelling-induced stress caused by the deposition of crystals in its pores. This study demonstrates that NA can significantly enhance the durability of concrete against sulfate attack, offering valuable insights for strategic applications of NA in concrete materials.
Enzymatic Activity Responses to Transport and Low-Temperature Storage: Implications for Plant Nitrogen Metabolism Studies
Authors: Martínez D. Nayeli , de la Barrera Erick
Published: January 2025

Understanding how transport and storage conditions affect enzymatic activity is essential for accurate biomonitoring of nitrogen metabolism in plants. This study evaluated the effects of transport conditions and low-temperature storage on the enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and phosphomonoesterase (PME) for Chloris gayana, Fraxinus uhdei, and Trifolium repens. Enzymatic activities were measured for leaf samples immediately after collection, after 18 h at room temperature, or after 18 h on ice. Additionally, samples were stored at −16 °C or −45 °C for up to 28 days. NR activity decreased to near-zero levels under all storage conditions, indicating that this enzyme is unsuitable for delayed analysis. In contrast, GS and PME activities showed species-dependent responses to storage, with increased activity observed for T. repens and C. gayana, potentially reflecting tissue degradation processes. F. uhdei exhibited greater stability in enzyme activities, suggesting a higher resilience to storage. These findings highlight the importance of minimizing storage time to preserve enzymatic integrity, particularly for NR, while providing insight into the potential for delayed analysis of GS and PME in specific species. This work offers practical recommendations for future biomonitoring efforts in nitrogen deposition studies.
Novel Fibre-Rich Breads Yield Improved Glucose Release Curves and Are Well Accepted by Children in Primary School Breakfast Clubs
Authors: Wilkinson Nicholas M. , Niaz Taskeen , Tann Eloise , Croden Fiona , Boyle Neil B. , Mackie Alan , Dye Louise
Published: January 2025

Background: The average fibre consumption of 4–10-year-old children in the UK is 14.6 g per day, with only 14% of these children reaching the 20 g recommended by the SACN (UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition), and this ‘fibre gap’ may be most pronounced in communities with the lowest socioeconomic status. School breakfast clubs target children from disadvantaged communities, but their provision may favour lower-fibre foods, due to perceptions that children will reject higher-fibre foods. Our research programme aims to increase the fibre density, digestive-metabolic quality and acceptability of school breakfast provision. Methods: In Study 1, we examined the in vitro digestion of four novel bread products, to determine the relationship between fibre content and glucose release profile, and assess their suitability for sustaining school activity. In Study 2, we introduced the Prograins breads, alongside higher-fibre breakfast cereals and fresh fruit, to primary school breakfast clubs. Results: The Prograins bread products yielded lower peaks and more sustained glucose release curves than the ‘standard’ white bread control. Many children liked and chose the intervention foods, and the average fibre content of children’s breakfasts increased. Conclusions: We conclude from this study that nutritious, fibre-rich bread products can be acceptable to children and that higher-fibre breakfast provision is feasible, and we recommend larger-scale intervention and assessment to validate these real-world findings.
Mechanisms of Copper-Induced Autophagy and Links with Human Diseases
Authors: Fu Yuanyuan , Zeng Shuyan , Wang Zhenlin , Huang Huiting , Zhao Xin , Li Min
Published: January 2025

As a structural and catalytic cofactor, copper is involved in many biological pathways and is required for the biochemistry of all living organisms. However, excess intracellular copper can induce cell death due to its potential to catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus copper homeostasis is strictly regulated. And the deficiency or accumulation of intracellular copper is connected with various pathological conditions. Since the success of platinum-based compounds in the clinical treatment of various types of neoplasias, metal-based drugs have shown encouraging perspectives for drug development. Compared to platinum, copper is an essential intracellular trace element that may have better prospects for drug development than platinum. Recently, the potential therapeutic role of copper-induced autophagy in chronic diseases such as Parkinson’s, Wilson’s, and cardiovascular disease has already been demonstrated. In brief, copper ions, numerous copper complexes, and copper-based nano-preparations could induce autophagy, a lysosome-dependent process that plays an important role in various human diseases. In this review, we not only focus on the current advances in elucidating the mechanisms of copper or copper-based compounds/preparations on the regulation of autophagy but also outline the association between copper-induced autophagy and human diseases.