bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and perceptual demands of singles and doubles beach tennis in women of different competition levels
Authors: Jung Nathalia , Carpes Leandro , Domingues Lucas , Abreu Rodrigo , Mohr Magni , Ferrari Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To analyze and compare the physiological responses of women during singles and doubles beach tennis sessions.

Methods

In this crossover trial, twenty-two women with previous participation in amateur beach tennis tournaments randomly performed two experimental sessions: singles and doubles beach tennis. The routine for both sessions consisted of 10-min of seated rest, followed by 45-min of beach tennis and 30-min of post-exercise recovery. Participants were matched against opponents of the same competition level, defined according to their local beach tennis ranking (advanced or intermediate level). They warmed up with basic techniques for 5-min and played 3 matches lasting 12-min, interspersed with 2-min recovery intervals. Heart rate (HR), energy expenditure (EE), number of steps (STEPS), handgrip strength (HS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment were assessed throughout the sessions. Generalized estimating equations were employed to examine the main effects between experimental sessions over the time and in relation to competition level.

Results

HRmean and HRmax (Δ: HRmean = 13 ± 3 bpm; HRmax = 11 ± 3 bpm) as well as EE and Steps (Δ: EE = 66 ± 22 kcal; RPE = 2 ± 0 A.U.; Steps = 250 ± 52 A.U.) were higher in singles than doubles (p < 0.05). The percentage of total time spent in the highest HR zone (91–100%HRmax) was significantly greater in singles than in doubles (39% ± 22% vs. 15% ± 18%; p < 0.05). Differences were found in the percentage of total time spent in each HR zone, recovery HR, and HS between competition levels (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Singles beach tennis resulted in higher physiological demands than doubles in women, and players’ competition level partly affects the training responses.
Molecular modifications to mitigate oxidative stress and improve red blood cell storability
Authors: Anastasiadi Alkmini T. , Stamoulis Konstantinos , Kriebardis Anastasios G. , Tzounakas Vassilis L.
Published: October 2024

The development of red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion during hypothermic storage has long posed challenges for blood transfusion efficacy. These alterations are primarily driven by oxidative stress, concern both structural and biochemical aspects of RBCs, and affect their interactions with the recipient’s tissues post-transfusion. Efforts to counteract these effects focus on improving the antioxidant capacity within stored RBCs, reducing oxygen exposure, and scavenging harmful molecules that accumulate during storage. Various supplements, such as ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, polyphenolic compounds, and specific metabolites have shown the potential to improve RBC quality by reducing oxidative lesions and lysis phenomena, and enhancing antioxidant, energy, or proteostasis networks. Accordingly, anaerobic storage has emerged as a promising strategy, demonstrating improved RBC storability and recovery in both animal models and preliminary human studies. Finally, targeted scavenging of harmful storage-related phenotypes and molecules, like removal signals, oxidized proteins, and extracellular hemoglobin, while not so studied, also has the potential to benefit both the unit and the patient in need. Omics technologies have aided a lot in these endeavors by revealing biomarkers of superior storability and, thus, potential novel supplementation strategies. Nonetheless, while the so far examined storage modifications show significant promise, there are not many post-transfusion studies (either in vitro, in animal models, or humans) to evaluate RBC efficacy in the transfusion setting. Looking ahead, the future of blood storage and transfusion will likely depend on the optimization of these interventions to extend the shelf-life and quality of stored RBCs, as well as their therapeutic outcome.
Massed treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and co-occurring conditions: the Home Base intensive outpatient program for military veterans and service members
Authors: Harward Laura K. , Lento René M. , Teer Andrew , Samph Stephanie , Parmenter Megan E. , Bonvie Joseph , Magee Charlotte , Brenner Lauren , Picard Kaitlin , Sanders Wesley , Tinney William Joseph , Andrew Cyrielle , Covitz Jessica , Echevarria Katrina , Vanderweit Ryan , Maggiolo Nicolette S. , Tanev Kaloyan S.
Published: October 2024

The two-week Home Base Intensive Clinical Program (ICP) provides treatment to veterans and active duty service members suffering from primary diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), anxiety, or depression. First launched in 2015, this paper provides a programmatic update, including new treatment components implemented since inception, and examines outcomes for all participants who entered the program from September 2015 to July 2024 (n = 2561). The Home Base ICP provides a massed care approach through daily individual Prolonged Exposure, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Unified Protocol, or cognitive rehabilitation, along with groups targeting coping skills. Participants entering the program are provided with core group programming, as well as individualized therapy sessions tailored to their unique needs and symptom presentation. Supplemental dual recovery support is also available for all participants with co-occurring substance use or behavioral addiction concerns. Participants' support people receive education, support, and case management services. Participants have a multidisciplinary team comprising therapists, psychopharmacology providers, case managers, nurses, and wellness providers. Results demonstrate that program participants exhibited statistically significant reductions in PTSD symptoms (Cohen's d = 0.80), depression (d = 0.68), post-concussion symptoms (d = 0.71), and increased satisfaction in social roles (d = -0.65). Completion rate was 94.60% (n = 2422), suggesting that the Home Base ICP is a well-received and effective model of care for veterans and service members.
Modified cognitive behavioral therapy approach reduces loudness discomfort levels for an autistic child with hyperacusis: case report
Authors: Carson Tana B. , Guerrero Lisa A. , Niebles Monica , Gayle Cindi G. F.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Hyperacusis is common among the autistic population, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at up to 60% compared to 17.1% in those without autism. For autistic children, avoidance behaviors and distress associated with hyperacusis significantly disrupt participation in everyday routines including academic, social and leisure activities. Although hyperacusis is a significant problem for children with autism and their families, there is little research on effective interventions. This report describes the clinical case of an 11-year-old boy with autism who received a modified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to address symptoms of hyperacusis.

Case presentation

Patient A is an 11-year-old boy with autism and hyperacusis. He and his parents report difficulties tolerating loud or high-pitched sounds including whistling, fireworks, traffic and high-pitched musical instruments (e.g., the ocarina and flute). When hearing these sounds during everyday activities (e.g., celebrations and social events) he will often ask strangers to stop, cover his ears, or avoid/run away from the source of sound. A modified CBT approach was combined with exposure therapy, and sensory-based self-regulation strategies to improve tolerance and decrease distress when hearing whistling. Treatment outcomes include improved loudness discomfort levels in audiology evaluations, improved auditory domain scores on the Sensory Profile questionnaires, lower self-reported subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) ratings in response to bothersome sounds, and decreased use of noise canceling headphones during daily activities. The client and his parents also reported generalization of these improvements with other sounds (e.g., fireworks).

Conclusion

The patient described in this case report showed measurable improvements in his ability to tolerate whistling, a bothersome sound encountered regularly in his daily life. Considering the high prevalence rate of hyperacusis in autism and its impact on children and family routines, stress and daily living, the development and testing of an effective treatment approach for hyperacusis is needed. The treatment plan for this case arose from the collaboration between professionals in occupational therapy, applied behavior analysis, audiology, and clinical psychology. Future studies are encouraged to determine the efficacy of this combined approach for other children with autism and hyperacusis.
Projected number of people in need for long-term care in Germany until 2050
Authors: Haß Luisa , Knippschild Stephanie , Tönnies Thaddäus , Hoyer Annika , Palm Rebecca , Voß Sabrina , Brinks Ralph
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Current demographic trends predict continuously growing numbers of individuals reliant on care, which has to be accounted for in future planning of long-term care-resources. The projection of developments becomes especially necessary in order to enable healthcare systems to cope with this future burden and to implement suitable strategies to deal with the demand of long-term care. This study aimed to project the prevalence of long-term care and the number of care-dependent people in Germany until 2050.

Methods

We used the illness-death model to project the future prevalence of long-term care in Germany until 2050 considering eight different scenarios. Therefore, transition rates (incidence rate and mortality rates) describing the illness-death model are needed, which have been studied recently. Absolute numbers of people in need for long-term care were calculated based to the 15th population projection of the Federal Statistical Office.

Results

Numbers of people in need for long-term care will increase by at least 12%, namely 5.6 million people, in the period of 2021 until 2050. Assuming an annual incidence-increase of 2% from 2021 to 2050 the number of care-dependent individuals could potentially rise up to 14 million (+180%).

Conclusion

Our projections indicated a substantial rise in the number of care-dependent individuals. This is expected to lead to raising economic challenges as well as a stronger demand for healthcare and nursing personnel.
Sarcopenia severity is related to arterial stiffness and hypertension in older Korean population without underweight and obesity: population based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Bokun , Kim Gwon-Min , Huh Up , Lee Juhyun , Bae Miju
Published: October 2024

Background

Aging and obesity are considered causes of arterial stiffness, which triggers hypertension in the older population. However, a substantial number of older adults without obesity have hypertension, suggesting that arterial stiffness and hypertension are related to different risk factors in older adults without obesity. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether sarcopenia is related to arterial stiffness or hypertension in older Korean adults without underweight and obesity.

Methods

A total of 2,237 male and female adults in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey who were ≥60 years and did not have underweight and obesity (18.5 ≤ body mass index <25.0 kg/m2) were involved. They were classified as moderate- (n = 276) or severe-sarcopenia (n = 528) as their sarcopenia index was 1 or 2 standard deviations lower than the mean of the young reference group. Arterial stiffness was confirmed using an estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) formula, and hypertension was diagnosed based on blood pressure or antihypertensive medication use.

Results

Arterial stiffness and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed an increasing trend from normal to moderate-to-severe sarcopenia (p < 0.001 for both). The distribution of subjects in the highest ePWV tertile and hypertension from normal to moderate-to-severe sarcopenia showed an increasing trend (p < 0.001 for both). Subjects with moderate or severe sarcopenia were 3.545 or 8.903 times more likely to be in the highest tertile of ePWV, and those with moderate or severe sarcopenia were 2.106 or 11.725 times more likely to be hypertension (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion

Sarcopenia severity is related to arterial stiffness and hypertension in older Korean populations without underweight and obesity.
Factors affecting the polychlorinated biphenyl signatures in serum of adults living in a highly polluted area in eastern Slovakia
Authors: Hlisníková Henrieta , Kolena Branislav , Trnovec Tomáš , Richterová Bagratuni Denisa , Patayová Henrieta , Čonka Kamil , Drobná Beata , Rausová Katarína , Tihányi Juraj , Wimmerová Soňa , Petrovičová Ida , Nagyová Miroslava , Palkovičová Murínová Ľubica
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Over the years eastern Slovakia has been subject to consistent monitoring of high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in both the environment and human populations attributed to the former production of PCBs at the Chemko Strážske plant. We aimed to investigate the extent to which dietary habits and residential location could affect the concentrations of PCBs in the blood serum samples of subjects.

Methods

We enrolled 602 adult subjects from eastern Slovakia with an average age of 45.14 (±8.49) years. To determine the concentrations of 21 PCB congeners, we used solid phase extraction along with gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Based on questionnaire data, the assessment of dietary habits and residential location was performed using score calculations and creating a map.

Results and discussion

Through principal component analysis, the 20 PCB congeners were classified into three groups: PC1, comprising highly chlorinated PCBs, and PC2 and PC3, consisting primarily of low chlorinated PCBs. Stepwise multivariate regression revealed positive and negative associations between PCB congeners represented by PC1-3 and scores related to the residential location and scores related to food consumption, respectively. We confirmed that levels of PCBs represented by PC1-3 increased with age. The geographical proximity to pollution sources proved to be a key contributing factor to the observed PCB levels in individuals residing in eastern Slovakia.
Quantum phenomena in biological systems
Authors: Alvarez Pedro H. , Gerhards Luca , Solov’yov Ilia A. , de Oliveira Marcos C.
Published: October 2024

Quantum biology is a modern field of research that aims to understand how quantum effects can affect the chemistry underlying various biological processes. This paper reviews several examples of biological processes where quantum effects might play a notable role. Initially, the photon capture mechanism present in vision is discussed, where the energy of the photon is used to cause conformational changes to chromophoric proteins. The second example elaborates the highly efficient energy transfer process present in photosynthesis and discusses, in particular, how the random quantum walk process may enhance the performance drastically. Subsequently, the vertebrate magnetoreception, and the possible associated role of the radical pair mechanism in the process is considered. The review concludes with the discussion of some speculative ideas of putative quantum effects arising in neural processes.
Urinary tract infection: is it time for a new approach considering a gender perspective and new microbial advances?
Authors: González María José , Robino Luciana , Zunino Pablo , Scavone Paola
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, particularly affecting women, with significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts. Despite advances in medical research, the diagnostic criteria for UTI have remained practically unchanged since Kass’s seminal work, emphasizing the need for a reevaluation in light of new scientific insights. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the urobiome, a previously underappreciated community of microorganisms within the urinary tract (UT), and its role in maintaining urogenital health. The gut-bladder axis has emerged as a critical pathway in understanding UTI as a dysbiosis, where imbalances in the microbial community and its relation with the host contribute to infection susceptibility. This review explores the evolving definitions and diagnostic challenges of UTI, particularly in women, and examines the implications of recent discoveries on the urobiome and the gut-bladder axis. Additionally, we discuss the potential of novel therapeutic strategies to restore microbial balance, offering a promising avenue for the therapeutic management of UTIs.
Exploring and closing the energy balance of eddy covariance measurements along a land use gradient in the West African Sudanian savanna
Authors: Nadolski Laura , Bliefernicht Jan , Petrovic Dragan , Rauch Manuel , Sy Souleymane , Guug Samuel , Steinbrecher Rainer , Neidl Frank , Hingerl Luitpold , Kunstmann Harald
Published: October 2024

A good understanding of land-atmosphere exchange processes is essential for developing sustainable land management practices in Africa, in order to enhance food security and strengthen the resilience against climate change and extremes in this vulnerable region. In this study, we explore the energy balance closure (EBC) of three eddy covariance (EC) sites implemented along a land use gradient (pristine savanna forest, cropland, and degraded grassland) in the Sudanian savanna of West Africa. Our results show that the EBC strongly varies over the monsoon season and the EC sites. However, the best EBC is observed at the pristine site, which has the most homogenous vegetation. Thus, landscape heterogeneity seems to play an important role in the quality of the EC measurements. Moreover, we develop a novel post-closure method based on a quantile-mapping technique conditioned on monsoonal circulation patterns specifically determined for the West African Monsoon. This method is also compared to two well-established methods, the Bowen-ratio (BR) correction and a pure quantile-mapping using various bias measures. Our results show that the novel post-closure method outperforms the other methods and, therefore, leads to better elimination of the underestimation of the turbulent fluxes at the three savanna sites. In addition, specific characteristics of turbulent fluxes, like their strong diurnal cycle, are well represented by the new correction method.
A new life with a new language: Russophone immigrants’ reflections about language learning
Authors: Protassova Ekaterina , Yelenevskaya Maria
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This research investigates resilience and lived experiences of transnational Russophone families amidst global changes, with a focus on the intricate dynamics of communities spread across borders. The study emphasizes the importance of considering individual migrant experiences in understanding language learning and integration. We explored perceptions of local language proficiency among Russophones; challenges faced by adult Russophones in learning a new language; attitudes and experiences of adults regarding language learning; and strategies Russophone immigrants use to address gaps in the target language.

Methods

Methodologically, the research employs ethnographic and thematic analyses, drawing on a diverse array of sources including interviews, social media posts, and personal communications. This approach highlights the necessity of considering both prompted responses and spontaneous discussions to capture authentic opinions on language learning from various perspectives.

Results

The study underscores the interconnectedness and interdependence within transnational families, illustrating how their lives are shaped by factors that transcend national boundaries. The examination of their diverse experiences reveals their capacity to endure and overcome challenges of integrating into new societies. Russophone migrants’ attitudes toward language learning highlight how learning the host country’s language enhances integration and social mobility, while maintaining the native language preserves cultural heritage, although second-generation immigrants often feel disconnected from their linguistic roots.

Discussion

Studies by various authors discuss challenges which immigrants face when adapting to a new linguistic environment. This project emphasizes the impact of language learning on identity and reveals cultural flexibility in attaining social justice in multicultural contexts. These insights suggest that language programs and policies should address both the practical needs of immigrants and the preservation of their cultural identities taking into account their naïve views about language learning.
Kitchen Waste Digestate and Digestate Biochar Fertilizer for Turfgrass Management and Nutrient Leaching
Authors: Deng Qianlin , Chu Baohua , Hu Sangyuan , Wang Zhaolong , Li Yanbang
Published: October 2024

Slow-release fertilizer is generally used in turfgrass management to maintain quality turf without inducing excess vertical growth, to avoid frequent mowing. This study was designed to verify whether kitchen waste digestate and digestate biochar could serve as slow-release fertilizers to promote turf quality and reduce nutrient leaching risk in two turfgrass species over two years in controlled pot experiments. The results showed that the nutrient release of granular fertilizers made from kitchen waste digestate and digestate biochar was a two-phase process (an initial rapid phase, followed by a slow-release phase). The kitchen waste digestate showed higher nitrogen and phosphorus release ratios than the biochar and sheep manure. Compared to the reference sheep manure, fertilization with kitchen waste digestate and biochar increased the leaf chlorophyll content by 48.6% and 27.9%, and reduced senescent leaves by 15.6% and 11.1%, respectively, at 23 d after fertilization, leading to higher turf quality. Fertilization with kitchen waste digestate biochar significantly reduced the nutrient leaching risk compared to fertilization with kitchen waste digestate and sheep manure. Our results demonstrated the potential of reusing kitchen waste digestate and digestate biochar as slow-release fertilizers for promoting turf quality in turfgrass management.
The Use of Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems as a Strategy to Improve Soil Organic Matter in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Soares Stallone , Souza Wesley , Homem Bruno , Ramalho Israel , Borré João , Pereira Marcos , Pinheiro Érika , Marchao Robelio , Alves Bruno , Boddey Robert , Urquiaga Segundo
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to analyze the carbon (C) stock and stabilization of soil organic matter in particulate- and mineral-associated fractions across different land use systems after 32 years of experimentation in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was established in 1991 and was performed in Planaltina-DF. The treatments evaluated included continuous pasture with monoculture grasses; integrated crop–livestock systems under no tillage; continuous cropping under no tillage; minimum tillage; and the preservation of the native Cerrado biome in its original condition. Soil sampling was performed to a depth of 30 cm. Carbon and nitrogen (N) stocks were quantified for the years 2001, 2009, 2013, and 2023, with soil organic matter fractionation performed on samples from 2023. Land use change resulted in significant losses of soil C and N in areas managed with conventional soil preparation practices. Systems that promote plant diversity, such as integrated crop–livestock systems, enhanced soil C and N stocks (72.8 and 5.5 Mg ha−1, respectively) and increased both particulate organic matter and mineral-associated fractions, most of which were in more stabilized forms. Integrated crop–livestock systems are management practices that offer an effective alternative to present methods in terms of combating climate change and supporting ecosystem sustainability.
Do Cover Crops Influence In Situ Soil Water Potential After Termination?
Authors: Peters Olivia M. , Haruna Samuel I.
Published: October 2024

Soil water movement is energy-dependent and is influenced by various management practices. It can be understood by measuring the soil water potential (SWP); however, the influence of cover crops (CCs) on SWP is not currently well understood. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of CCs on SWP before and after termination in order to understand their effects on soil water availability for the subsequent cash crop. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two levels of CCs (CCs vs. no cover crop [NC]) with three replicates. The SWP sensors were buried at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths before CCs were planted. Additionally, soil samples were collected at the aforementioned depths just before CC termination for soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) analysis. Results showed that CCs increased SOC and Ksat, and significantly lowered BD compared with NC management. Before termination, CC plots had significantly lower SWP values compared with NC management, suggesting that the transpirational needs of the CCs can lead to lower water content. After termination, CC management also resulted in lower SWP, suggesting that CCs can increase water-use efficiency by improving soil health parameters. However, effective planning is required for CC implementation, especially in semiarid and arid regions.
Endoparasites of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in Serbian Hunting Grounds
Authors: Jovanovic Nemanja M. , Petrović Tamas , Katarina Nenadovic , Bugarski Dejan , Stanimirovic Zoran , Rajkovic Milan , Ristic Marko , Mirceta Jovan , Ilic Tamara
Published: October 2024

In this study, parasitological examinations were conducted from 2019 to 2023. Fecal samples were collected from 289 wild ruminants (158 red deer and 131 roe deer) from hunting grounds in Vojvodina, which belong to the public company Vojvodinašume. Using qualitative and quantitative coprological diagnostic methods, the presence of protozoa (coccidia and Buxtonella sulcata), nematodes (gastrointestinal strongyles, Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Dictyocaulus spp., and Muellerius spp.), cestodes (Moniezia spp.), and trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna, Paramphistomum spp., and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) in the form of single and mixed infections were confirmed. Coproculture was used to identify the infective larvae of gastrointestinal strongyles. The total prevalence of endoparasitic infections in hunting ground 1 was 89.77% in red deer and 92.85% in roe deer, while in hunting ground 2, it was 72.97% in red deer and 85.96% in roe deer. Knowledge of the prevalence and assessment of the intensity of parasitic infections in wild ruminants is necessary for designing health protection programs in hunting grounds and planning control strategies, which are significant for this branch of hunting and public health.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cattle in Southern Egypt: Do Milk and Serum Samples Tell the Same Story?
Authors: Fereig Ragab M. , El-Alfy El-Sayed , Alharbi Azzah S. , Abdelraheem Mona Z. , Almuzaini Abdulaziz M. , Omar Mosaab A. , Kandil Omnia M. , Frey Caroline F.
Published: October 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite of veterinary and public health importance. Infection may lead to abortion in susceptible pregnant animals and women, and potentially fatal health complications in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we aimed to provide an update on the seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, T. gondii antibodies in cattle from Qena, southern Egypt. Additionally, we investigated if raw milk and serum samples from the same animals reacted similarly in a commercial ELISA, thus potentially reducing the invasiveness of future serosurveillance studies. Cattle serum samples (n = 362) from three locations in the Qena governorate (Qena, Qus, and Al Waqf cities), of both sexes and different ages were collected. From most dairy cows, a corresponding milk sample (n = 154) was additionally obtained. We found that the overall seroprevalence in serum samples was 9.1% (33/362). Increasing age was the sole risk factor identified in our study among all tested parameters (location, age, sex, lactating yes or no). Thus, older cattle (more than 3 years old) exhibited significantly higher rates of T. gondii antibodies (11.7%; p = 0.033, odd ratio = 4.3) in comparison to animals younger than 1 year (2.9%). In the corresponding serum and milk samples, the prevalence was 12.3% (19/154) in serum samples, and 9.7% (15/154) in milk samples, respectively. A high correlation was observed between the two sample types with a concordance of 97.4%, a kappa value of 0.87, and a Pearson r correlation coefficient of 0.85. When the serum ELISA was taken as the gold standard, the milk ELISA had the following characteristics: sensitivity (78.9%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), negative predictive value (97.1%), and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (0.6, p = 0.0011). In this study, we confirmed the frequent occurrence of T. gondii antibodies in cattle in southern Egypt and demonstrated that non-invasive milk samples may be used instead of serum samples for seroprevalence studies in dairy cows.
Structural Modal Time Domain Identification Method Based on the Bayesian Uncertain Quantification
Authors: Pan Yaozong , Zhao Yan
Published: October 2024

Based on the Bayesian framework, a time domain method is proposed for the uncertain quantification of structural modal identification. First, a theoretical prediction model is constructed from the state space model in modal space and then transformed into physical space using the modal basis. Second, taking into account the uncertainty of the identification results caused by measurement noise and modeling errors, the negative log-likelihood function is constructed using time domain measurement data and a theoretical prediction model based on the Bayesian system identification framework. Finally, an unconstrained quadratic function for the identification parameters is derived through matrix vectorization, and, by mathematically transforming the optimization problem, only the dynamic spectral parameters (the natural frequencies and damping ratios) need to be identified, while the spatial parameters (the mode shapes and modal contribution factors) can be analytically calculated from the spectral parameters, which greatly reduces the dimensionality of the identification parameters. In numerical examples, the identification of the modal parameters for a spring–mass system and high-speed pantograph was studied, and the identified modal parameters based on the simulation response’s data were in good agreement with the theoretical values. Moreover, the modal parameters of the actual structure of the pantograph were identified based on the experimental data, and the identifying uncertainties were quantified by the coefficient of variation.
A Robotic Teleoperation System with Integrated Augmented Reality and Digital Twin Technologies for Disassembling End-of-Life Batteries
Authors: Zhao Feifan , Deng Wupeng , Pham Duc Truong
Published: October 2024

Disassembly is a key step in remanufacturing, especially for end-of-life (EoL) products such as electric vehicle (EV) batteries, which are challenging to dismantle due to uncertainties in their condition and potential risks of fire, fumes, explosions, and electrical shock. To address these challenges, this paper presents a robotic teleoperation system that leverages augmented reality (AR) and digital twin (DT) technologies to enable a human operator to work away from the danger zone. By integrating AR and DTs, the system not only provides a real-time visual representation of the robot’s status but also enables remote control via gesture recognition. A bidirectional communication framework established within the system synchronises the virtual robot with its physical counterpart in an AR environment, which enhances the operator’s understanding of both the robot and task statuses. In the event of anomalies, the operator can interact with the virtual robot through intuitive gestures based on information displayed on the AR interface, thereby improving decision-making efficiency and operational safety. The application of this system is demonstrated through a case study involving the disassembly of a busbar from an EoL EV battery. Furthermore, the performance of the system in terms of task completion time and operator workload was evaluated and compared with that of AR-based control methods without informational cues and ‘smartpad’ controls. The findings indicate that the proposed system reduces operation time and enhances user experience, delivering its broad application potential in complex industrial settings.
Revolutionizing Battery Longevity by Optimising Magnesium Alloy Anodes Performance
Authors: Oladapo Bankole I. , Olawumi Mattew A. , Omigbodun Francis T.
Published: October 2024

This research explores the enhancement of electrochemical performance in magnesium batteries by optimising magnesium alloy anodes, explicitly focusing on Mg-Al and Mg-Ag alloys. The study’s objective was to determine the impact of alloy composition on anode voltage stability and overall battery efficiency, particularly under extended cycling conditions. The research assessed the anodes’ voltage behaviour and internal resistance across magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2) electrolyte formulations using a systematic setup involving cyclic voltammetry on the anode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Mg-Al alloy demonstrated superior performance, with minimal voltage drop and lower resistance increase than the Mg-Ag alloy. The results showed that the Mg-Al alloy maintained over 85% energy efficiency after 100 cycles, significantly outperforming the Mg-Ag alloy, which exhibited increased degradation and efficiency reduction to approximately 80%. These findings confirm that incorporating aluminium into magnesium anodes stabilises the anode voltage and enhances the overall battery efficiency by mitigating degradation mechanisms. Consequently, the Mg-Al alloy is identified as an up-and-coming candidate for use in advanced battery technologies, offering energy density and cycle life improvements. This study lays the groundwork for future research to refine magnesium alloy compositions further to boost battery performance.
A Biologic and Physical Characterization of an Injectable Amniotic Membrane Designed for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Velarde Kimberly , Arvonen Audrey , Gonzalez Tatyana , Diller Robert B.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Globally, the health and quality of life of millions of people are negatively affected by diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). To treat these chronic wounds, a novel injectable drug for closing DFUs composed of micronized amniotic membrane was developed. This new therapeutic drug for wound repair expands on traditional allograft therapies by allowing extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cytokines to reach wound anatomies in DFUs that are difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the components of the injectable drug. Methods: Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and a Quantibody® human cytokine array were conducted to identify and characterize growth factors and proteins known to contribute to wound healing. In addition, hyaluronic acid was quantified and compared between the injectable and human amniotic fluid using a hyaluronan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and viability were evaluated to assess the performance of the novel injectable in vitro. The rheometric properties of the product were evaluated by assessing it pre- and post-injection through a 22-gauge needle to measure the viscosity using a shear- and temperature-dependent viscosity protocol. Results: Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and Quantibody® human cytokine array revealed growth factors and proteins imperative for wound healing. The quantified hyaluronic acid was compared between the injectable and human amniotic fluid, resulting in a statistically significant difference, with higher protein concentrations found in the injectable. In vitro qualitative and quantitative analysis confirmed an increase in cell viability, proliferation, and migration when treated with the drug. An evaluation of the rheometric properties of the injectable drug after passing through a 22-gauge cannula presented no alterations to the biologic drug. Conclusions: Collectively, these data present the potential of a novel injectable drug for the treatment of DFUs.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Optimization of Micropatterned Surfaces: Towards Biofunctionalization of Artificial Organs
Authors: He Wenxuan , Ibrahim Aminat M. , Karmakar Abhishek , Tuli Shivani , Butcher Jonathan T. , Antaki James F.
Published: October 2024

Modifying surface topography to prevent surface-induced thrombosis in cardiovascular implants allows endothelialization, which is the natural thrombo-resistance of blood-contacting surfaces, and is deemed to be the only long-term solution for hemocompatible materials. We adapted a simulation framework to predict platelet deposition on a modified surface and developed an optimization strategy to promote endothelial retention and limit platelet deposition. Under supraphysiological bulk shear stress, a maximum of 79% linear coverage was achieved. This study concludes that the addition of microtrenches promotes endothelial retention and can be improved through the optimal selection of geometric parameters.
The Relevance of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Biomarkers in the Treatment Era
Authors: Maretina Marianna , Koroleva Valeria , Shchugareva Lyudmila , Glotov Andrey , Kiselev Anton
Published: October 2024

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder that currently has an approved treatment for all forms of the disease. Previously, biomarkers were primarily used for diagnostic purposes, such as detecting the presence of the disease or determining a specific clinical type of SMA. Currently, with the availability of therapy, biomarkers have become more valuable due to their potential for prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic applications. This review describes the most promising physiological, functional, imaging and molecular biomarkers for SMA, derived from different patients’ tissues. The review summarizes information about classical biomarkers that are already used in clinical practice as well as fresh findings on promising biomarkers that have been recently disclosed. It highlights the usefulness, limitations, and strengths of each potential biomarker, indicating the purposes for which each is best suited and when combining them may be most beneficial.
Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Injury
Authors: Dong Jingjing , Luo Ying , Gao Yingtang
Published: October 2024

Liver injury caused by various factors significantly impacts human health. Stem cell transplantation has potential for enhancing liver functionality, but safety concerns such as immune rejection, tumorigenesis, and the formation of emboli in the lungs remain. Recent studies have shown that stem cells primarily exert their effects through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs have been shown to play crucial roles in reducing inflammation, preventing cell death, and promoting liver cell proliferation. Additionally, they can function as carriers to deliver targeted drugs to the liver, thereby exerting specific physiological effects. EVs possess several advantages, including structural stability, low immunogenicity, minimal tumorigenicity targeting capabilities, and convenient collection. Consequently, EVs have garnered significant attention from researchers and are expected to become alternative therapeutic agents to stem cell therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current research progress in the use of stem cell-derived EVs in the treatment of liver injury.
Bacterial Meningoencephalitis in Newborns
Authors: Guarnera Alessia , Moltoni Giulia , Dellepiane Francesco , Lucignani Giulia , Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla , Campi Francesca , Auriti Cinzia , Longo Daniela
Published: October 2024

Bacterial meningoencephalitis in newborns is a severe and life-threatening pathology, which results from meningeal infection and the subsequent involvement of the brain parenchyma. The severity of the acute onset of symptoms and the risk of neurodevelopmental adverse sequelae in children strongly depend on the timing of the infection, the immunological protection transmitted by the mother to the fetus during pregnancy, and the neonate’s inflammatory and immune system response after birth. Although the incidence of neonatal meningitis and meningoencephalitis and related mortality declined in the past twenty years with the improvement of prenatal care and with the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against Streptococcus beta Hemolyticus group B (Streptococcus Agalactiae) in the 1990s, bacterial meningitis remains the most common form of cerebrospinal fluid infection in pediatric patients. To date, the rate of unfavorable neurological outcomes is still from 20% to 60%, and the possibility of containing its rate strongly depends on early diagnosis, therapy, and a multidisciplinary approach, which involves neonatologists, neurologists, neuroradiologists, and physiotherapists. Neonatal meningitis remains difficult to diagnose because the responsible bacteria vary with gestational age at birth, age at presentation, and environmental context. The clinical presentation, especially in the newborn, is very ambiguous. From a clinical point of view, the definitive test for diagnosis is lumbar puncture in patients with symptoms suggestive of neurological involvement. Therefore, neuroimaging is key for raising clinical suspicion of meningitis or corroborating the diagnosis based on clinical and laboratory data. Our pictorial review offers a practical approach to neonatal meningoencephalitis by describing the epidemiology, the pathophysiology of bacterial meningoencephalitis, defining the indications and suggesting optimized protocols for neuroimaging techniques, and showing the main neuroimaging findings to reach the diagnosis and offering proper follow-up of bacterial meningitis. Moreover, we tried identifying some peculiar MRI patterns related to some bacteria.
Physical Engagement in Face-to-Face Interaction Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms of Interaction Partners in the Workplace
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyeok , Sato Nobuo , Ogata Taiki , Yano Kazuo , Miyake Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

Individuals develop interdependence through interactions. The process of physical coordination during face-to-face interactions facilitates relationship formation, emotional experiences, and emotional contagion. Workplaces inherently involve organic and continuous face-to-face interactions. Examining the interpersonal association between physical movement and emotional state among employees in the workplace is crucial for understanding an organization’s emotional dynamics. This study investigated the association between patterns of physical engagement during face-to-face interactions and depressive symptoms with those of interaction partners in a real-world workplace setting. The analysis utilized face-to-face interaction data from 449 employees across ten organizations, measured using wearable devices, along with a self-reported depression scale. The results showed that employees’ average physical engagement negatively correlated with the average depressive symptoms of their interaction partners, rather than their own. The association remained robust regardless of the number of relationships or workplace type. Furthermore, the depressive symptoms of individuals who had a significant influence on interpersonal relationships within organizations negatively correlated with their and their partner’s physical engagement. Our findings have important implications for the epidemiological understanding of organizational mental health in relation to face-to-face interactions among employees.
Emotional Intelligence and Workplace Spirituality in Predicting Career Success of High-Tech Leaders
Authors: Wu Shwu-Ming
Published: October 2024

In the highly competitive environment of the high-tech industry, leadership roles are often filled with numerous challenges and stressors. Success in the workforce requires a combination of high emotional intelligence and a connection to workplace spirituality. This study aimed to compare demographic differences among high-tech leaders regarding emotional intelligence, workplace spirituality, and career success. It also sought to examine the relationships and effects of emotional intelligence and workplace spirituality on career success, as well as the moderating role of workplace spirituality in these relationships. A survey was conducted with 139 leaders from various high-tech companies in Taiwan. The results showed that male leaders demonstrated higher levels of self-awareness and self-motivation in emotional intelligence, while leaders with higher education levels exhibited greater self-awareness and empathy. Additionally, both emotional intelligence and workplace spirituality were significant predictors of career success. Notably, workplace spirituality moderated the relationship between emotional intelligence and career success. The implications of this study highlight the importance of enhancing emotional intelligence and workplace spirituality to foster leaders’ career success and gain a competitive advantage in the high-tech industry.
Fatigue Damage and Reliability Assessment of Wind Turbine Structure During Service Utilizing Real-Time Monitoring Data
Authors: Wang Jiaxing , Liu Yu , Zhang Zhenhao
Published: October 2024

Under the action of wind load, a wind turbine tower will produce alternating stress, which leads to fatigue failure. According to the mean wind speed at the wind turbine impeller collected from the SCADA system, the mean wind speed of the simulation point is calculated by using the wind speed exponential model formula. Davenport spectra are used to simulate the pulsating wind speed time series. The wind spectrum is obtained using the harmonic superposition method. Subsequently, the wind speed time series and wind load time series at the simulation point are calculated. Structural modeling of a 5 MW wind turbine tower is performed in ABAQUS 2021. The modal shape and natural frequency are obtained by modal analysis to verify the rationality of the model. Subsequently, wind loads are applied to the model, and structural stress time history is obtained by transient modal dynamics analysis. The stress time history of the maximum stress area of the tower structure is extracted, and the rain flow counting method is applied to it to obtain the stress spectrum. The Weibull distribution of the stress spectrum is fitted, the mean and variance of the total damage in one day are calculated, and the fatigue reliability analysis of the maximum stress area of the tower structure is carried out. And the nonlinear fatigue cumulative damage analysis of the region is carried out. This work has implications for fatigue reliability studies for approximate operating conditions.