bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis and expression profiling of two-component system (TCS) gene family members in mango (Mangifera indica) indicated their roles in stress response
Authors: Sadaqat Muhammad , Fatima Kinza , Azeem Farrukh , Shaheen Tayyaba , Rahman Mahmood-ur- , Ali Tehreem , Al-Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Tahir ul Qamar Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The two-component system (TCS) gene family is among the most important signal transduction families in plants and is involved in the regulation of various abiotic stresses, cell growth and division. To understand the role of TCS genes in mango (Mangifera indica), a comprehensive analysis of TCS gene family was carried out in mango leading to identification of 65 MiTCS genes. Phylogenetic analysis divided MiTCSs into three groups (histidine kinases, histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators) and 11 subgroups. One tandem duplication and 23 pairs of segmental duplicates were found within the MiTCSs. Promoter analysis revealed that MiTCSs contain a large number of cis-elements associated with environmental stresses, hormone response, light signalling, and plant development. Gene ontology analysis showed their involvement in various biological processes and molecular functions, particularly signal transduction. Protein–protein interaction analysis showed that MiTCS proteins interacted with each other. The expression pattern in various tissues and under many stresses (drought, cold, and disease) showed that expression levels varied among various genes in different conditions. MiTCSs 3D structure predictions showed structural conservation among members of the same groups. This information can be further used to develop improved cultivars and will serve as a foundation for gaining more functional insights into the TCS gene family.
RNF212B E3 ligase is essential for crossover designation and maturation during male and female meiosis in the mouse
Authors: Condezo Yazmine B. , Sainz-Urruela Raquel , Gomez-H Laura , Salas-Lloret Daniel , Felipe-Medina Natalia , Bradley Rachel , Wolff Ian D. , Tanis Stephanie , Barbero Jose Luis , Sánchez-Martín Manuel , de Rooij Dirk , Hendriks Ivo A. , Nielsen Michael L. , Gonzalez-Prieto Román , Cohen Paula E. , Pendas Alberto M. , Llano Elena
Published: June 2024

Meiosis, a reductional cell division, relies on precise initiation, maturation, and resolution of crossovers (COs) during prophase I to ensure the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I. This process is regulated by the interplay of RING-E3 ligases such as RNF212 and HEI10 in mammals. In this study, we functionally characterized a recently identified RING-E3 ligase, RNF212B. RNF212B colocalizes and interacts with RNF212, forming foci along chromosomes from zygonema onward in a synapsis-dependent and DSB-independent manner. These consolidate into larger foci at maturing COs, colocalizing with HEI10, CNTD1, and MLH1 by late pachynema. Genetically, RNF212B foci formation depends on
Rnf212
but not on
Msh4
,
Hei10,
and
Cntd1
, while the unloading of RNF212B at the end of pachynema is dependent on
Hei10
and
Cntd1
. Mice lacking RNF212B, or expressing an inactive RNF212B protein, exhibit modest synapsis defects, a reduction in the localization of pro-CO factors (MSH4, TEX11, RPA, MZIP2) and absence of late CO-intermediates (MLH1). This loss of most COs by diakinesis results in mostly univalent chromosomes. Double mutants for
Rnf212b
and
Rnf212
exhibit an identical phenotype to that of
Rnf212b
single mutants, while double heterozygous demonstrate a dosage-dependent reduction in CO number, indicating a functional interplay between paralogs. SUMOylome analysis of testes from
Rnf212b
mutants and pull-down analysis of Sumo- and Ubiquitin-tagged HeLa cells, suggest that RNF212B is an E3-ligase with Ubiquitin activity, serving as a crucial factor for CO maturation. Thus, RNF212 and RNF212B play vital, yet overlapping roles, in ensuring CO homeostasis through their distinct E3 ligase activities.
Introduction
Authors: Kotze Haidee , van Rooy Bertus
Published: June 2024

This introductory chapter sketches an overview of the origins of and background to the constrained language
(or constrained communication) framework that informs this volume. It outlines the five constraint dimensions identified in
the framework, and the usage-based theoretical grounding of the framework. Subsequently, each chapter in the volume is
situated within the framework, highlighting how each study contributes to the further development of the framework. The
chapter concludes with some brief reflections on methodological challenges for the study of constrained language.
Afrikaans influence on genitive variation in South African English?
Authors: Rosenbach Anette , Kirsten Johanita
Published: June 2024

This chapter focuses on the historical development of genitive variation in White South African English
(WSAfE), taking into consideration the longstanding English–Afrikaans contact situation in South Africa and the similarities
between the constructions in English and Afrikaans. On the basis of a diachronic comparative study of WSAfE and Afrikaans
(with British English functioning as a baseline) we aim to assess if and how the close contact between these two languages in
South Africa has constrained the choice of genitive construction with non-animate possessors in WSAfE over the past 100 years.
Overall, our analysis suggests that the development of genitive variation has run in tandem in the two languages, with both
languages affecting each other over time. We also find that these cross-linguistic influence effects are mediated by
register.
Language contact and change through translation in Afrikaans and South African English
Authors: Redelinghuys Karien
Published: June 2024

Languages are constantly changing, and language contact has been identified as an important factor that
contributes to language change. Even though translation is a form of language contact, it has hardly been considered as a
factor in contact-induced language change. Against this background, this chapter investigates the potential role of
translation in language change in Afrikaans and South African English using a bidirectional comparable and parallel corpus
with synchronic and diachronic components. The investigation focuses on genitive variation – a linguistic feature that has
been shown to be undergoing change in the two languages as a consequence of language contact. The results show that
translation works in tandem with other factors to conventionalise change in terms of genitive preferences.
The complex case of constrained communication
Authors: Ivaska Ilmari , Bernardini Silvia , Ferraresi Adriano
Published: June 2024

In this study we explore the common ground between second-language writing and translated language as
instances of constrained language use. Our research design involves three languages (English, Finnish, Italian), two
constraining languages and two different registers in each of the three languages. These are compared in terms of frequency of
syntactic structures (part-of-speech [POS] bigrams), adopting a corpus-driven method combining keyness analysis and
multidimensional analysis. No general constrainedness effects that apply irrespective of languages and registers were
observed, but our results point to the centrality of the opposition between verbal and nominal orientation for distinguishing
constrained from unconstrained varieties. We conclude with suggestions on how our method and findings could lead to a deeper
understanding of constrained language use, and be extended to different modes of language production and to language contact
research in general.
Comparing contact effects in translation and second language writing
Authors: Neumann Stella , Kerz Elma , Heilmann Arndt
Published: June 2024

This chapter compares the role of the bilingual text production context in (second language) L2 writing and
translation. Although both tasks involve activation of the two languages involved, their influence may differ. To explore this
influence against the background of variation along the constraint dimensions, we analyse a corpus of 204 English texts with
the help of geometric multivariate analysis based on automatic counts for a range of lexicogrammatical features. The analysis
indicates a combined influence of register and expertise and a more subtle effect of the bilingual production context in L2
writing. Although translation involves going back and forth between the source and the target language, translations in our
data cluster more with L1 originals in the target language.
False Codling Moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav ,   University of Ljubljana, Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) is a major polyphagous pest native to sub-Saharan Africa, affecting over 50 crop species, including citrus, stone fruits, nuts, arable crops, grapevines and vegetables. Larval feeding causes significant damage to fruits, leading to premature ripening and yield losses. The pest, present year-round due to its lack of diapause, is found in African countries and Israel and can spread through trade. Strict phytosanitary measures are required to prevent its spread, impacting trade markets. There are no classical biological control programs for this pest. Promising biological control agents include the egg parasitoid Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae and the larval parasitoid Agathis bishop, both native to southern Africa. Additionally, the entomopathogenic virus Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV) has been used against it in citrus.
AI analysis of super-resolution microscopy: Biological discovery in the absence of ground truth
Authors: Nabi Ivan R. , Cardoen Ben , Khater Ismail M. , Gao Guang , Wong Timothy H. , Hamarneh Ghassan
Published: June 2024

Super-resolution microscopy, or nanoscopy, enables the use of fluorescent-based molecular localization tools to study molecular structure at the nanoscale level in the intact cell, bridging the mesoscale gap to classical structural biology methodologies. Analysis of super-resolution data by artificial intelligence (AI), such as machine learning, offers tremendous potential for the discovery of new biology, that, by definition, is not known and lacks ground truth. Herein, we describe the application of weakly supervised paradigms to super-resolution microscopy and its potential to enable the accelerated exploration of the nanoscale architecture of subcellular macromolecules and organelles.
DBF4, not DRF1, is the crucial regulator of CDC7 kinase at replication forks
Authors: Göder Anja , Maric Chrystelle Antoinat , Rainey Michael D. , O’Connor Aisling , Cazzaniga Chiara , Shamavu Daniel , Cadoret Jean-Charles , Santocanale Corrado
Published: June 2024

CDC7 kinase is crucial for DNA replication initiation and is involved in fork processing and replication stress response. Human CDC7 requires the binding of either DBF4 or DRF1 for its activity. However, it is unclear whether the two regulatory subunits target CDC7 to a specific set of substrates, thus having different biological functions, or if they act redundantly. Using genome editing technology, we generated isogenic cell lines deficient in either DBF4 or DRF1: these cells are viable but present signs of genomic instability, indicating that both can independently support CDC7 for bulk DNA replication. Nonetheless, DBF4-deficient cells show altered replication efficiency, partial deficiency in MCM helicase phosphorylation, and alterations in the replication timing of discrete genomic regions. Notably, we find that CDC7 function at replication forks is entirely dependent on DBF4 and not on DRF1. Thus, DBF4 is the primary regulator of CDC7 activity, mediating most of its functions in unperturbed DNA replication and upon replication interference.
Spectral splitting phenomenon caused by strong coupling of surface plasmon polariton mode and epsilon-near-zero mode
Authors: Yang Yutong , Wang Qiao , Kuang Kaili , Yuan Xiaomin , Chu Han , Chang Fangjin , Peng Wei
Published: June 2024

The strong coupling effect plays an important role in optimizing the optical properties of nano-photonics and improves the efficiency of manipulating light. However, coupling systems for nano-photonic devices usually have problems with complex structure, large size and low coupling strength. To address these issues, we design a nanograting structure to realize the strong coupling between the surface plasmon polariton mode and the epsilon-near-zero mode. The reflection spectra of the designed nanostructure show obvious Rabi splitting phenomenon. The Rabi splitting phenomenon is further verified by the theoretical result. In addition, the factors influencing the coupling effect strength in the nanostructure are analyzed. The proposed nanostructure can be used in nano-photonic devices such as sensors.
Investigating electron-induced dissociation dynamics in the organometallic precursor Fe(CO)5: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Cui Enhao , Zheng Zhihua , Gao Menghao , Yao Xiaolong
Published: June 2024

This research employs excited states molecular dynamics simulations to explore the electron-induced dissociation behavior of Fe(CO)5 molecules, with the specific focus on electronic excitation. The study initiates with the detailed analysis of the molecule’s stable ground state structure. Subsequent simulations reveal distinctive dissociation patterns in various bonds, particularly noting the rapid dissociation of bonds between Fe and C1, Fe and C2, while those with Fe and C3 oscillate without complete dissociation. Emphasizing the influence of the transition from the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital on reactivity, the investigation sheds light on the charge transfer phenomenon during dissociation through Bader analysis. Insights into transitions between excited and ground states are derived from the time evolution of the Kohn–Sham orbital. This study significantly contributes to understanding intricate dissociation mechanisms under electronic excitation, especially in molecules like Fe(CO)5 characterized by complex chemical bonds. Beyond theoretical exploration, the research holds practical significance for applications in nanomaterials, such as focused electron beam-induced deposition and the fabrication of nanoscale structures, enriching our comprehension of electronic-excitation-induced dissociation and advancing both theoretical understanding and practical applications in this field.
Deciphering diffuse scattering with machine learning and the equivariant foundation model: the case of molten FeO
Authors: Sivaraman Ganesh , Benmore Chris J
Published: June 2024

Bridging the gap between diffuse x-ray or neutron scattering measurements and predicted structures derived from atom–atom pair potentials in disordered materials, has been a longstanding challenge in condensed matter physics. This perspective gives a brief overview of the traditional approaches employed over the past several decades. Namely, the use of approximate interatomic pair potentials that relate three-dimensional structural models to the measured structure factor and its’ associated pair distribution function. The use of machine learned interatomic potentials has grown in the past few years, and has been particularly successful in the cases of ionic and oxide systems. Recent advances in large scale sampling, along with a direct integration of scattering measurements into the model development, has provided improved agreement between experiments and large-scale models calculated with quantum mechanical accuracy. However, details of local polyhedral bonding and connectivity in meta-stable disordered systems still require improvement. Here we leverage MACE-MP-0; a newly introduced equivariant foundation model and validate the results against high-quality experimental scattering data for the case of molten iron(II) oxide (FeO). These preliminary results suggest that the emerging foundation model has the potential to surpass the traditional limitations of classical interatomic potentials.
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with subsystem density functional theory: application to crystalline pentacene
Authors: Zhang Qingxin , Shao Xuecheng , Li Wei , Mi Wenhui , Pavanello Michele , Akimov Alexey V
Published: June 2024

In this work, we report the development and assessment of the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics approach with the electronic structure calculations based on the linearly scaling subsystem density functional method. The approach is implemented in an open-source embedded Quantum Espresso/Libra software specially designed for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations in extended systems. As proof of the applicability of this method to large condensed-matter systems, we examine the dynamics of nonradiative relaxation of excess excitation energy in pentacene crystals with the simulation supercells containing more than 600 atoms. We find that increased structural disorder observed in larger supercell models induces larger nonadiabatic couplings of electronic states and accelerates the relaxation dynamics of excited states. We conduct a comparative analysis of several quantum-classical trajectory surface hopping schemes, including two new methods proposed in this work (revised decoherence-induced surface hopping and instantaneous decoherence at frustrated hops). Most of the tested schemes suggest fast energy relaxation occurring with the timescales in the 0.7–2.0 ps range, but they significantly overestimate the ground state recovery rates. Only the modified simplified decay of mixing approach yields a notably slower relaxation timescales of 8–14 ps, with a significantly inhibited ground state recovery.
Pt-based graphene quantum dots for water dissociation
Authors: Belletti G D , Goncebat L , Schmickler W , Colombo E , Quaino P
Published: June 2024

It is widely recognized that Pt nanostructures exhibit favorable catalytic properties for several important technological reactions. Furthermore, selecting an appropriate support has the potential to enhance the catalytic activity of these materials. In this study, we investigate Pt nanoparticles deposited on quantum dots using quantum chemical calculations. We explore the utilization of low-dimensional carbonaceous support by employing graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which offer abundant active sites, such as edges, and diverse conformations. This provides excellent tuning possibilities for both chemical and physical properties. Our goal is to gather information on the alterations in electronic properties, charge redistribution and reactivity of platinum particles on GQD, also analyzing their potential role as catalysts in the water dissociation reaction. Based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, our calculations suggest that a Pt3 nanoparticle adsorbed on the edge of the GQD exhibits favorable energetics, leading to a promising catalytic material.
Non-invasive temperature monitoring in fixed-bed reactors by electrical capacitance tomography
Authors: Weiss Michael , Fischerauer Alice , Jess Andreas , Fischerauer Gerhard
Published: June 2024

Knowledge of the temperature distribution in fixed-bed reactors is of great importance for process control and optimization in many processes of the chemical industry. The state of the art is defined by invasive measuring methods for temperature measurement in such reactors. However, all invasive methods influence both the structure of the fixed-bed and the flow conditions and thus falsify the measurement results compared to real undisturbed conditions in a fixed-bed, above all with regard to the radial temperature profile. In addition, the temperature distribution in the entire reactor is usually derived from a few discrete measuring points based on a model, which sometimes results in large deviations from reality. In this article, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is explored as an alternative, non-invasive measurement method to monitor the temperature distribution inside fixed-bed reactors. The method exploits the temperature dependence of the effective bulk permittivity of the reactor filling. By way of an example, this dependence has been investigated in this work for two different hydrogenation catalysts. A temperature-resistant ECT sensor has been designed to perform measurements under the influence of temperature. The investigations show that, with the aid of ECT, it is possible to detect relative temperature changes in the region of interest with the materials examined.
Ensemble learning soft sensor method of endpoint carbon content and temperature of BOF based on GCN embedding supervised ensemble clustering
Authors: Gu Yongfeng , Liu Hui , Chen Fugang , Xue XiaoJun , Li Heng
Published: June 2024

The endpoint control of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking depends on the prediction of the endpoint carbon content and temperature. However, predicting these variables is challenging because of the numerous working conditions in the industrial field and the volatility of the sensor data collected during BOF steelmaking. The accuracy of prediction models in ensemble learning depends significantly on the initial distribution of data. However, the complex nature of BOF steelmaking data makes it challenging to generate diverse subsets, which ultimately affects the accuracy of predictions. This paper presents a new approach called Graph Convolutional Network Node Embedding Supervised Ensemble Clustering (GESupEC) for soft sensor modelling in ensemble learning to tackle these issues. GESupEC utilizes a similarity graph derived from a co-association matrix and employs graph convolutional networks to extract structural information among nodes. By optimising the clustering loss within the network, GESupEC learns compact node representations that are useful for the clustering task. Furthermore, it generates a reconstruction matrix based on the similarity of node embeddings. This matrix helps with the extraction of a suitable subset of data for BOF steelmaking through matrix decomposition. After that, the gradient boosting decision tree regression sub-model is established based on the data subset. An ensemble strategy called Gray Relational Analysis Weighted Average is proposed, which assigns weights based on the grey relation similarity between test samples and different data subsets. This weighted average strategy aims to enhance the accuracy of carbon content and temperature predictions. When tested with actual BOF steelmaking generation process data, the prediction accuracy of carbon content reached 88.6% within the error range of ±0.02%, and the prediction accuracy of temperature reached 92.6% within the error range of ±10 °C.
Transformer fault diagnosis based on the improved QPSO and random forest
Authors: Liu Jie , Cai Bin , Yan Sinian , Sun Pan
Published: June 2024

Although dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is an effective method for transformer fault diagnosis, problems with the quality and accuracy of DGA characterization datasets often arise in practical industrial applications and face difficulties in adjusting the parameters of fault diagnosis models. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis model (MD-IQPSO-RF) based on Mahalanobis distance (MD) data cleaning and improved quantum particle swarm (IQPSO) optimization of random forest (RF) parameters. Specifically, the abnormal samples of the DGA dataset are first processed by MD to improve the quality and accuracy of the dataset. Then, the RF parameters were optimized using the IQPSO algorithm to adjust the model parameters in order to improve the diagnostic performance of the RF. Finally, the optimal parameters of RF are output, and the training data are used to train the RF algorithm to construct the MD-IQPSO-RF transformer fault diagnosis model. The experimental results show that the model achieves an average accuracy of 93.631% for fault diagnosis, which is 6.92% higher than the unoptimized RF model. Comparison with other similar methods also achieved good results, which further validated the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis model.
Tailoring the ion storage of MXene by aramid nanofibers towards self-standing electrodes for flexible solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Xingxing , Ren Zihan
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are a class of 2D nanomaterials that can offer excellent properties for high-performance supercapacitors. Nevertheless, irreversible restacking of MXene sheets decreases the interlayer spacing, which inhibits the ion intercalation between the MXene nanosheets and finally deteriorates the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Herein, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are mixed with Ti3C2T
x
MXene to prepare MXene/ANFs composite films. The restacking of MXene sheets is inhibited by the electrostatic repulsion between ANFs and MXene. The ANFs act as intercalation agents to increase the interlayer spacing of the composite films, which can improve the ion storage ability of supercapacitors. Furthermore, the ANFs enhance the mechanical strength of the composite films due to the strong hydrogen bonding interaction and nanomechanical interlocking between ANFs and MXene, endowing the composite films with self-standing property. The resultant composite films are used as electrodes for flexible solid-state supercapacitors to achieve high specific capacitance (996.5 mF cm−2 at 5 mV s−1) and outstanding cycling stability. Thus, this work provides a potential strategy to regulate the properties of 2D nanomaterials, which may expand the application of them in energy storage, ionic separation, osmotic energy conversion and beyond.
Template-assisted growth of Ga-based nanoparticle clusters on Si: effect of post-annealing process on the Ga ion beam exposed 2D arrays fabricated by focused ion beam nanolithography
Authors: Radhakrishnan Hrudya , Rangarajan Rajagopal , Pandian Ramanathaswamy , Dhara Sandip Kumar
Published: June 2024

We demonstrate template-assisted growth of gallium-based nanoparticle clusters on silicon substrate using a focused ion beam (FIB) nanolithography technique. The nanolithography counterpart of the technique steers a focussed 30 kV accelerated gallium ion beam on the surface of Si to create template patterns of two-dimensional dot arrays. Growth of the nanoparticles is governed by two vital steps namely implantation of gallium into the substrate via gallium beam exposure and formation of the stable nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate by subsequent annealing at elevated temperature in ammonia atmosphere. The growth primarily depends on the dose of implanted gallium which is in the order of 107 atoms per spot and it is also critically influenced by the temperature and duration of the post-annealing treatment. By controlling the growth parameters, it is possible to obtain one particle per spot and particle densities as high as 109 particles per square centimetre could be achieved in this case. The demonstrated growth process, utilizing the advantages of FIB nanolithography, is categorized under the guided organization approach as it combines both the classical top-down and bottom-up approaches. Patterned growth of the particles could be utilized as templates or nucleation sites for the growth of an organized array of nanostructures or quantum dot structures.
Optimal hadamard single-pixel imaging based on fourier spectrum of pattern
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Zhan , Li Xinjia , Sun Mingze , Zhao Dan , Zhang Jialin , Li Yue , Yuan Sheng , Xin Zhou
Published: June 2024

A Hadamard single-pixel imaging method is proposed, which rearranges the order of Hadamard patterns by comparing their energy values of selected regions in the Fourier spectrum of the patterns, thereby optimizing the sampling times required when a certain level of image quality needed to be obtained. The relationship between the Fourier spectrum of the reconstructed image and the adopted projection patterns is explored, and we argue that the reconstructed object is actually a weighted superposition of the applied patterns. Simulation and experiment are carried out for the proposed method. The results show that the selection of pattern is crucial to the reconstruction of the object. We believe that this method may be helpful to the optimal design of single-pixel imaging pattern in the future.
Synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their applications in high performance supercapacitor electrode, antibacterial and antifungal activity
Authors: Govindasamy Suganya , Gunasekaran Balu Mahendran , Vaiyapuri Nandhakumar , Natarajan Balasubramanian , Nesakumar Noel , Varatharajan Bargavi , Britto Princess Gracia John , Arjunan Ariharan
Published: June 2024

The advancement of supercapacitor technology is impeded by a dearth of advanced electrode materials that can augment energy storage capabilities. In this-work, we propose a novel, sustainable methodology for synthesizing tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2-PJ NPs) utilizing Prosopis juliflora aqueous leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent for the first time. These nanoparticles were evaluated in comparison to those synthesized via traditional chemical methods (SnO2-pure NPs). The samples were analyzed using an array of techniques including UV, FTIR, EDX, SEM, PL, XRD and XPS. The results indicated that the SnO2-PJ NPs exhibited superior performance as supercapacitor electrodes in both three-electrode and two-electrode system configurations. The symmetric supercapacitor device SnO2-PJ NPs displayed a high specific capacitance (98 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and energy density (31 Wh kg−1 at 0.35 kW kg−1) in an acidic electrolyte of 1 M H2SO4. Additionally, the SnO2-PJ NPs demonstrated exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 100% of their specific capacitance after 10,000 cycles. In conclusion, the SnO2-PJ NPs exhibit tremendous potential as a next-generation energy storage material, owing to their high-power density, high-energy density, and outstanding capacity. Additionally, antibacterial and antifungal activity of synthesized SnO2 NPs is studied. The bio-synthesized SnO2 PJ NPs possesses highest antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (17.0 ± 0.08 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (17.5 ± 0.74 mm) as well as one Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (15.0 ± 0.06 mm) at 200 μl. Furthermore, the bio-synthesized SnO2 PJ NPs possesses highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (10.0 ± 0.11 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (08.0 ± 0.12 mm) at 200 μl. The present work demonstrated an eco-friendly preparation of SnO2 NPs with high-performance supercapacitor electrode, good antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Solution of the foam-drainage equation with cubic B-spline hybrid approach
Authors: Yousafzai Alina , Haq Sirajul , Ghafoor Abdul , Shah Kamal , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: June 2024

This work presents a robust and efficient numerical stratagem for the study of integer and fractional order non-linear Foam-Drainage (FD) model. The scheme first uses, usual forward difference and the L
1 formula, in integer and fractional cases, respectively. Then, the collocation approach together with cubic B-splines (CBS) basis are employed to estimate the unknown solution and its derivatives. With the help of these discretizations and Quasi-linearization, solving non-linear FD model transforms to the system of linear algebraic equations. The solution of the linear system approximates the CBS coefficients which further leads to the numerical solutions. Moreover, by Von Neumann stability it is proved that the proposed scheme is unconditionally stable. To evaluate the performance and accuracy of the technique, absolute error (AE), L
2, and L
∞ norms are presented. The obtained outcomes are also matched with some existing results in literature. It is noted from simulations that the proposed method gives quite accurate solutions.
Geometric analysis of Riemannian doubly warped product submersions
Authors: Agarwal Richa , Fatima Tanveer , Yadav Sarvesh Kumar , Ali Shahid
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces the concept of Riemannian doubly warped product submersions as a natural generalization of Riemannian warped product submersions. We study some fundamental properties of such submersions and derived the conditions under which the Riemannian doubly warped product submersions have totally geodesic, totally umbilical, and minimal fibers. Furthermore, we analyze the curvature properties associated with Riemannian doubly warped product submersions and establish the Einstein conditions. Some non-trivial examples are explored to demonstrate the existence of such submersions.
Tamm phonon-polaritons triggered in hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Wu Biyuan , Wu Xiaohu , Liu Haotuo , Li Hongju , Yi Zao , Huang Xiqiao
Published: June 2024

Tamm phonon polaritons (TPhPs) have been recently predicted and experimentally observed for the first time in silicon carbide (SiC) film, allowing for enhanced light–matter interactions and new opportunities for manipulating light at the micro- and nano-scale. Hyperbolic material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a two-dimensional Van der Waals crystal, also supports phonon polaritons. However, TPhPs in hBN have not been systematically studied yet. In this paper, we theoretically investigate TPhPs triggered in the structure based on one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) and hyperbolic material hBN film. It is found that the structure PC/spacer/semi-infinite hBN film can form TPhPs in the Type-II hyperbolic band, but not in the Type-I hyperbolic band. This phenomenon of selective excitation is attributed to the negative permittivity of hBN in the plane, rather than its out-of-plane permittivity. Importantly, TPhPs are sensitive to the thickness of the spacer, which can be regulated flexibly by changing the thickness. In addition, the selective excitation of TPhPs for hyperbolic bands in the configuration of finite hBN/spacer/PC is demonstrated using the same approach. It can be found that the absorption can reach 0.9 at the wavelength of 7.23 μm regardless of transverse electric or transverse magnetic waves, and the observed resonance has high quality factor of 181. This work provides a theoretical basis for TPhPs based on hyperbolic materials and has potential applications in highly sensitive sensors and selective absorbers.
Observing neutrinos from failed Supernovae at LNGS
Authors: Pagliaroli Giulia , Ternes Christoph A.
Published: June 2024

We discuss the possibility to observe neutrinos emitted from a failed core collapse Supernova in the various experiments at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. We show that the veto regions of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments can be used as a network of small detectors to measure Supernova neutrinos. In addition we show that this network can measure very precisely the moment of black hole formation, which can be then used in the nearby VIRGO detector and future Einstein Telescope, in case the Sardinia site is selected, to look for the gravitational wave counterpart to the neutrino signal.
Effect of Panel Misalignment Error Distribution on the Radiation Pattern of Leighton Chajnantor Telescope’s Antenna
Authors: You Jia , Wang Zheng , Reeves Díaz Rodrigo Andrés
Published: June 2024

The Leighton dish formerly at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory will be reassembled to become the Leighton Chajnantor Telescope (LCT). It will be required to demonstrate high surface accuracy and controlled radiation patterns at high frequency, which are largely limited by surface error due to panel misalignment on the primary reflector. Not only the surface rms error but also the error distribution has effect on the radiation pattern of the antenna. Therefore, analyzing the effect of error distributions resulting from various panel misalignments on the radiation pattern of the antenna will facilitate better compensation of surface errors during the reassembly process. To acquire the radiation pattern of LCT’s antenna with panel misalignments, we first propose a simulation method based on physical optics and the physical theory of diffraction, which offers precise results but is time-consuming, especially at high frequencies. Then, we propose a rapid computation method that combines the method of calculating the optical path difference (OPD), the OPD fitting method, and the aperture integration method for segmented reflectors. Experimental results demonstrate that the rapid computation method is highly efficient and accurate compared to the simulation method. In order to show the effect of error distributions due to two typical panel misalignments (i.e., piston and tip-tilt) on radiation patterns, experiments are conducted using the two proposed methods for various error distributions. These experiments indicate that for the same surface rms error, smaller panel errors at smaller normalized aperture radii are more conducive to achieving improved characteristics of the radiation patterns, such as reduced peak gain losses and lower sidelobe levels. Additionally, comparison experiments also reveal that variations in piston error have a greater impact on the radiation patterns than variations in tip-tilt error under the same surface rms error.
High sensitivity and wide detection range temperature and refractive index photonic crystal fiber sensor
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Tian Jingyi
Published: June 2024

A D-shaped surface plasmon resonance temperature and refractive index (RI) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The fiber core is composed of five air holes arranged in a pentagonal shape, which effectively improves the sensitivity. The gold film is used as a plasmonic material, and the mixture of ethanol and chloroform is used as a temperature sensitive liquid. A finite element method with higher accuracy and stronger applicability is used to study the performance of the sensor. The results indicate that when filling the mixture, the temperature sensor can detect the temperature in the range of 0 °C–60 °C. A maximum temperature sensitivity of 11.0 nm °C−1 is obtained by filling the mixture. The RI sensor can detect RI in the range of 1.13–1.40, with the wavelength range of 1.2–2.4 μm, and the maximum wavelength sensitivity reaches up to 21 000 nm RIU−1. The sensor can be used in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food detection, temperature detection and other related fields, and has certain competitiveness and commercial value.
Enhancement of deltaful two-pion exchange nuclear forces
Authors: Chen Haiming , Peng Rui , Lyu Songlin , Long Bingwei
Published: June 2024

The role of the delta isobar degrees of freedom in nucleon–nucleon scattering is revisited. We attempt to understand why the dimensionally regularized two-pion exchanges with the explicit delta isobar is much stronger than the ones with spectral function regularization. When the cut-off value of spectral function regularization is varied, the isoscalar central component exhibits a rather large cut-off variation. This reveals a surprisingly large numerical factor of the deltaful two-pion exchange potentials. The power counting is adjusted accordingly and we discuss the results and how to improve upon this finding.
Stability analysis and soliton solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear chiral Schrödinger equation in nuclear physics
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Tariq Kalim U , Bekir Ahmet , Raza Kazmi S M , Az-Zo’bi Emad
Published: June 2024

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation equation is one of the most important physical models used in optical fiber theory to explain the transmission of an optical soliton. The field of chiral soliton propagation in nuclear physics is very interesting because of its numerous applications in communications and ultra-fast signal routing systems. The (1+1)-dimensional chiral dynamical structure that describes the soliton behaviour in data transmission is dealt with in this work using a variety of in-depth analytical techniques. This work has applications in particle physics, ionised science, nuclear physics, optics, and other applied mathematical sciences. We are able to develop a variety of solutions to demonstrate the behaviour of solitary wave structures, periodic soliton solutions, chiral soliton solutions, and bell-shaped soliton solutions with the use of applied techniques. Moreover, in order to verify the scientific calculations, the stability analysis for the observed solutions of the governing model is taken into consideration. In addition, the 3-dimensional, contour, and 2-dimensional visuals are supplied for a better understanding of the behaviour of the solutions. The employed strategies are dependable, uncomplicated, and effective; yet have not been utilised with the governing model in the literature that is now accessible. The resulting outcomes have impressive applications across a large number of study areas and computational physics phenomena representing real-world scenarios. The methods applied in this model are not utilized on the given models in previous literature so we can say that these describe the novelty of the work.
On the energetic particle-induced geodesic acoustic modes with finite-orbit-width effects
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Yixiang , Ren Haijun , M. Roach Colin
Published: June 2024

This study presents an analytical investigation of energetic particle-induced geodesic acoustic modes (EGAMs) within a gyro-kinetic model, incorporating finite-orbit-width (FOW) effects up to the second order. The inclusion of second-order FOW effects introduces two distinct types of energetic particle-wave resonances, occurring at

ω
=

ω
t
h

and

ω
=
2

ω
t
h

, respectively, where

ω
t
h

denotes the transit frequency of energetic particles (EPs). It is found that two unstable EGAM branches coexist: a low frequency branch (LFB) characterized by

0
<

ω
LFB

<

ω

t
,
max

h

, and a high frequency branch (HFB) marked by

ω

t
,
max

h

<

ω
HFB

<
2

ω

t
,
max

h

. The instability of LFB primarily arises from the resonance

ω
=

ω
t
h

, mainly introduced by first-order FOW effects. As a result, the instability of LFB always exists regardless of the presence or absence of second-order FOW effects, and is barely modified by these effects. In contrast, the instability of HFB is exclusively attributed to the resonance

ω
=
2

ω
t
h

induced by second-order FOW effects. Consequently, the HFB exhibits instability in the presence of these effects.
Investigation of MHD flow balancing in electrically conductive manifolds of liquid metal blankets
Authors: Lv Xinting , Zhang Xiujie
Published: June 2024

In the liquid metal (LM) blanket design for magnetic confinement fusion reactors, manifolds including main and branch ducts are commonly used to direct fluids to various locations of the blanket to cool its components. The primary objective of this structural configuration is to achieve flow balancing within each branch duct. However, magnetohydrodynamic effects will cause uneven flow distribution, consequently, uncontrollable overheating phenomena in certain blanket segments may be caused by this flow distribution. To assess its impact, the influences of external magnetic fields, inlet velocities and coupling wall thicknesses on the flow partitioning in conductive manifolds are investigated in this study. The results indicate that the flow distribution among the branch ducts becomes less uniform as the external magnetic field strength increases, while varying the inlet velocity has minimal impact. In addition, increasing the coupling wall thickness leads to more even flow distribution when the rectangular branch ducts are perpendicular with the magnetic field direction. Based on above physical understanding, three controlling methods for the flow partitioning in conductive manifolds are proposed to achieve flow balancing in each branch duct and then validated through numerical simulations. The results indicate that flow balancing can be achieved by adjusting the coupling wall thickness when the rectangular branch ducts are aligned with the magnetic field direction, however, it is challenging when they are perpendicular. Furthermore, the flow balancing can be realized by a symmetrical design of the manifold with circular branch pipes and it is independent of external magnetic fields and inlet velocities. These findings will enhance the physical understanding of flow distribution patterns in conductive manifolds under strong magnetic fields, which is important for the flow control and design of manifolds in LM blankets.
Microwave complex conductivity measurement of superconducting very thin FeSe1−xTex films (x = 0 - 0.5)
Authors: Matsumoto Gaku , Ogawa Ryo , Higasa Koji , Kobayashi Tomoki , Nakagawa Hiroki , Maeda Atsutaka
Published: June 2024

In order to measure the complex conductivity of superconducting films much thinner than the penetration depth, for wide temperature range including the vicinity of T
c, we developed a novel cavity pertubation technique utilizing microwave electric fields parallel to the film surface. By applying this newly developed technique to FeSe1−x
Te
x
films, we found changes in the temperature dependence of the superfluid density and the quasiparticle scattering rate at the nematic boundary, which is in agreement with the results already obtained in the measurement in microwave magnetic field at lower temperatures. These changes in the nematic boundary suggests a variation in the superconducting gap structure between samples in the nematic and non-nematic phases.
Energization test apparatus of HTS coils cooled by liquid hydrogen and manufacture of split-type REBCO external field coil
Authors: Ohya M. , Imagawa S. , Shirai Y. , Kobayashi H.
Published: June 2024

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is a potential coolant of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices. However, owing to the high flammability of hydrogen and the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in materials, studies on LH2-cooled superconducting devices are rare. We developed an LH2 test apparatus to analyze the basic characteristics of LH2 as a coolant and evaluate the energizing characteristics of LH2-cooled superconducting wires. A REBCO external field coil was designed and manufactured for conducting cooling stability tests on various HTS coils cooled by LH2. The field coil, comprising eight single pancake coils of 4 mm wide REBCO wires, with inner diameter 106 mm and outer diameter 250 mm was divided into upper and lower sections. The test coil was placed in the central space. A magnetic field perpendicular to the test coil’s wire surface was generated by running currents in opposite directions through the upper and lower sections. Each double pancake coil was securely placed in a stainless-steel housing to withstand repulsive electromagnetic forces. The manufactured field coil was cooled using LH2, energized to 150 A, and successfully generated the intended magnetic field of 1.75 T. No increase in voltage was observed in any of the double pancake coils, and there was no mechanical degradation due to electromagnetic forces. Subsequently, we initiated thermal runaway tests on various HTS coils using the manufactured field coil to assess the cooling stability of LH2-cooled HTS coils. The study will facilitate the development of explosion-proof designs and safety technologies for LH2-cooled superconducting devices and cooling systems.