bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valorization of Lower Grade Resin, Bark, and Fruit of Styrax Sumatrana
Authors: Abduh Muhammad Yusuf , Rahmanita Ananda Teli , Maulana Elga Ridho , Nadhira Valenikhe Fitri , Indira Tjokorda Istri , Manurung Robert
Published: February 2022

Styrax sumatrana or the kemenyan tree grows in North Sumatera, Indonesia, and its resin is commonly utilized by the local community. Other parts of kemenyan, such as barks and fruits contain valuable compounds that can be extracted to produce high-value bioproducts. This study examined the effect of different resin grades on the physical parameters and cinnamic acid content, delignification pre-treatment period of kemenyan barks with Phanerocahete chrysosporium on the amount of extracted saponin from the barks, and different fruit ripeness on the composition of the fruits. This study showed that grade IV, V and VI resin contain 21.78 to 24.89% cinnamic acid. The isolated cinnamic acid had a purity of 90.9 to 94.3%. Pre-treatments of kemenyan barks were able to degrade 15% of the lignin after 21 days of incubation with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. and increased the amount of extracted saponin up to 7.5-fold higher compared to the non-pre-treated barks. Ripe kemenyan fruits had a higher protein (4.27-10.23%) and crude fat (0.91-7.36%) content as compared to the unripe fruits. Fatty acid composition of the crude fat had been determined and primarily consists of linoleic acid (31.71-42.33%) and palmitic acid (30.44-30.82%) for both ripe and unripe fruits.
Pemberdayaan Potensi Dan Edukasi Masyarakat Di Desa Tamberu Alet, Batumarmar, Pamekasan
Authors: Rosita Eva , Rindiani Rindiani , Safitri Yuliana , Safarina Nur Afni , Hasanah Wardatul
Published: February 2022

Community empowerment is a very important service activity and must be carried out in an effort to free the community from various adversity, backwardness and backwardness. One of the villages that is considered necessary for community empowerment activities to be carried out is the village of Tamberu Alet Batustar, Batumarmar, Pamekasan. The community empowerment activities in the village are carried out with an interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach, namely through service programs. This service is carried out in two fields, namely economics and education. In the field of student education, it has been carried out successfully by holding an educational program for the mindset of kindergarten parents through teaching, mentoring and in the field of economics making products.
Manajemen Penyuluhan Vaksinasi Oleh Bidang Kesehatan Puskesmas Waru Pamekasan
Authors: Jannah S. Fathiyatul , Mukarromah Kamilatul
Published: February 2022

Vaccination counseling aims to change the negative attitude of people who do not want to be vaccinated to a positive attitude that is willing to be vaccinated. The research method is a qualitative approach with the type of case study. Data collection techniques by observation, interviews and documentation. Techniques of data analysis with reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Technique of data validity with triangulation technique. The results showed that the management functions included: 1) Vaccination planning: materials, time, targets, location/place, methods, media, and budget. 2) Organizing vaccinations: head of vaccination counseling, secretary, treasurer, and vaccination instructor (health sector/doctor). 3) Implementation of offline seminars and public methods by placing posters and banners. 4) Controlling, first is the pre-extension control, namely the assessment of the feasibility of the readiness of the material, method, location, target, time, media, and cost.
Implementasi Social Responsibility Di Desa Waru Barat Kecamatan Waru, Pamekasan
Authors: Imamah Nur , Hotimah Nur , Aizah Aizah , Asis Abd
Published: February 2022

Community service activities in Waru Barat village have provided benefits to the community, especially in an effort to provide understanding to people who are still not aware of the importence of social values in the society and a clean lifestyle with several activities that have been carried out. Training and counseling with an overall level of achievement has provided additional knowledge to the community in an effort to support an existence that is based on social values. In general, the community service activities went well because the community response was quite good even though at first they were indifferent to the existence of the service participants. The implementation of these service programs is expected to be useful for the community to have a better understanding of the social personality of the community, and to be able to optimize resources to practice and take advantage of existing opportunities as well as possible.
Orographic rainfall during southwest monsoon : A dynamic climatological study
Authors: RAY K. C. SINHA , DE U. S. , CHELLAPA R.
Published: February 2022

A two dimensional dynamical model for orographic rainfall developed earlier (Sarker 1966-67) was modified to include cases of partially saturated airstream in the vertical. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to isolate the steady orographic rainfall from the total precipitation over uneven terrain and to explain the spatial and diurnal variation of rainfall during the southwest monsoon season over the Western Ghats and over Khasi and Jaintia hills.
A study of the errors in the areal mean rainfall arising out of missing observations
Authors: MOOLEY D. A. , MUNOT A. A.
Published: February 2022

This is an experimental study of the mean errors in the areal rainfall in situations of missing observations. The area selected is Amravati district in Vidarbha having a very good network of raingauges and the periods considered are the months June to September and the monsoon season. Errors in the areal rainfall have been examined separately in each of the five situations when anyone, two, three, four or five stations are missing in each year, and histograms of the percentage relative error have been given, and extreme values of the percentage relative error have been brought out. Limits on the deciles of the error distribution have been obtained. Percentage Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) has also been computed for the typical monsoon month, July, and for the monsoon season for each of the situations of one, two, three, four and five stations missing randomly in space and time; the same for July is found to vary from 2.8 to 8.8 per cent as the number of missing observations varies from one to five, and for the season 2.2 to 7.0 per cent. Finally the percentage RMSE has been computed in a situation when the number of missing stations (zero to five) is random and the missing of stations is random in space and time; this error for the typical monsoon month, July, is 6.2 per cent and for the monsoon season, 5.6 per cent.
On some aspects of packet switching technique relevant to meteorological application
Authors: SEN ROY N.
Published: February 2022

Packet switching is a new computer-based communication technique that promises to be the dominant mode in the data communication field. After discussing the limitations of the current facilities, the paper reviews the salient features of this new technique with special emphasis on the characteristics of packets, different services offered and the associated networks. Tariff methods and different performance criteria that help in modelling such a network have been discussed, The emerging standards of ISO for Open Systems Inter-connection Architecture enabling interworking of heterogeneous computers are touched upon. The paper ends with a brief proposal for a packet switched data network for the Meteorological Service in India.
A satellite study of the tropical easterly jet stream during 'Monsoon-77'
Authors: SINGH JAGADISH
Published: February 2022

This is an observational study of the tropical easterly jet in the cloud field. The visible and infrared imagery of NOAA-5, US weather satellite, have been used to study jet stream  clouds in conjunction with the available upper air radiowind observations over India and neighbourhood during Monsoon-77 (20-26 June). The jet-stream clouds have been observed in association with perturbations in upper tropospheric easterly currents. The observed cloud patterns are found to agree fairly well with the corresponding maximum wind field and sometimes with the motion fields of 150 and 100 mb. The organisation of clouds in longitudinal and transverse modes having dependence on verticle wind shear have also been observed. The values of vertical wind shear computed in cases of the satellite-viewed jet-stream clouds are found to vary from 25 to 32 hr-l about 5 km below the jet core, which are more than the values reported by earlier workers based on the study of the jet in the wind field. Monsoon is observed to be active in the right entrance sector of the jet clouds and the convective activity appears to be more pronounced when a surface low pressure system is present over the area.
Model evaluation of solar radiation on an inclined plane
Authors: GARG H. P. , GARG SAT NARAIN
Published: February 2022

In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate some of the different methods available for estimating global solar radiation on an inclined plane, from the solar energy utilization point of view. Three commonly used methods like the Beam method, Liu and Jordan's method (using daily values and hourly values), and the Klucher method are discussed. It is observed that while the beam method overestimates the radiation, Liu & Jordan's both methods, always underestimate it. The Klucher method gives the least error under all weather conditions and is hence recommended for use in tropical countries.
Some physical features of heat and humidity islands at Delhi
Authors: PADMANABHAMURTY B. , BAHL H. D.`
Published: February 2022

Delhi exhibited several small warm pockets due to agglomeration of houses in 30. colonies interspersed by green vegetation, open areas, wide roads, parks and maidans etc. Two peaks of heat island intensity were observed -one in the early night and another in the early morning. The early morning heat island is stronger than the early night. Humidity islands exhibited inverse relation to heat islands wherever moisture is not available but followed heat islands in intensity where moisture is available. Humidity islands also exhibited two peaks similar to heat islands. The early morning peak was in phase with heat island but the early night peak is out of phase. The thermal radiant emittance from different surfaces in Delhi like green areas, concrete roads, tar roads, built-up areas are found to be responsible for the formation of several warm pockets instead of a single intense heat island.
Influence of extratropical flow patterns on the onset of monsoon over India during 1979
Authors: CHHABRA B. M. , DAYAL V. , SINGH B. V. , PURI S. R.
Published: February 2022

During 1979, the onset of monsoon over India was delayed by about 10 days baffling all scientists engaged in Monex-1979. In this paper, we present the possible causes of this delay based on the influence of the extra-tropical blocking highs, as revealed by the 5-day mean contour charts. The blocking highs prevailed over the Caspian Sea-Aral Sea area during May 1979 in two spells, one starting from last week of April and the other from third week of May extending upto first week of June 1979. Strong meridional flow was observed from east of the Caspian Sea to Afghanistan, Pakistan and the northwestern parts of India.
Spatial distribution of convective clouds over Madras and neighbourhood
Authors: MOHAN V. , SUBRAMANIYAN T. H.
Published: February 2022

Spatial distribution of convective clouds as seen in PPI-scope recorded at Madras in the Decca-4l radar for the characteristic months viz., April, June and September 1978 are presented. Also the spatial distribution (diurnal variation) of echoes over land and sea during the three different parts of the day for April. June and September for the year 1978 are also presented.
Large scale atmospheric circulation with respect to tropical droughts
Authors: BURLUTSKY R. F.
Published: February 2022

The large scale circulation features which determine rainfall anomalies in South  Asia are discussed. Singularities In. rainfalls and typhoon activity supplemented changes in global circulation are shown. The Interaction of planetary flows with Tibet is supposed to be a primary source for rainfall anomalies in South Asia as well as for aridity of the Middle East and North Africa.
12-hour forecasting of horizontal wind components
Authors: ABDEL WAHAB M. M.
Published: February 2022

The horizontal wind components were predicted for 12 hours, using the vorticity and divergence equations. The experiment was carried out in between the latitudes 30 deg. and 50 deg. N. The predicted values were compared with their corresponding ones verifying the suggested method.
A severe: flood in Luni basin, western Rajasthan during July 1979- A case study
Authors: SHARMA K. D. , VANGANI N. S. , CHATTERJI P. S. , SINGH GANGA
Published: February 2022

A well marked low resulting in active to vigorous monsoon conditions in Rajasthan during 15 to 17 July 1979 resulted in devastating flood in Luni Basin, western Rajasthan. Favourable antecedent moisture condition, geomorphological characteristics of this basin and breaches in the earthen dams worsened the flood situation.
Hydrometeorological study of severe rainstorms of north Bihar
Authors: GHOSH ASHIM K. , PRASAD K.
Published: February 2022

The study contains hydrometeorological analysis of severe rainstorms of north Bihar comprising of the catchments of the Gandak, the Burhi Gandak, the Bagmati, the Adhwara group and the Kamala. Rainstorm pattern in relation to location and tracks of monsoon depressions/low pressure areas has also been studied. This study has revealed that severe rainstorms in this area occur mostly in the month of September. Bearings range from minus 45 deg. to plus 95 deg. and the distances of heavy rain centre from that of the centre of the disturbance of the previous day range between 110 and 520 km.
Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in forecasting models
Authors: MOHANTY U. C.
Published: February 2022

An algorithm for computation of the parameters of a quasi-stationary barotropic planetary boundary layer (PBL) IS discussed. On the basis ~f the results of a number of numerical experiments, relations between the observed meteorological fields and the Internal parameters of the PBL have been established. A method is proposed to parameterize eddy momentum flux and frictional vertical velocity for their use in multi-level primitive equations (PE) models.
On the zonal and meridional eddy flux of energy components o the troposphere over the Arabian Sea during the onset phase of SW monsoon
Authors: CHOWDHURY M. H. K. , KARMAKAR S.
Published: February 2022

The rawinsonde data collected during the Arabian Sea phase of the MONEX- 79 have been utilized to study the zonal and meridional eddy fluxes of dry static and moist static energy of the troposphere over the Arabian Sea during the onset phase of SW-Monsoon, The study reveals that .the zonal eddy flux of dry static energy is Irregularly distributed with height whereas the eastward eddy flux of moist static energy becomes dominant during the onset phase of monsoon having maximum value within the layer 900-600 mb. There exists a well-marked magnitudinal difference between the zonal eddy fluxes of dry static and moist static energy due mainly to the contribution of eddy flux of latent heat with increasing monsoon activity. To the east of 60° E, the maximum southward eddy flux of dry static energy at 700 mb roughly along 7oN shows the tendency to be northward and the northward eddy flux of moist static energy along 7° N and below extends to 700 mb or further downward with the advancement of SW-Monsoon.
On forecasting night minimum temperatures over New Delhi
Authors: SINGH DHANNA , PAL JAI
Published: February 2022

Regression equations have been developed to forecast day to day minimum temperatures of New Delhi for the month of January. The minimum temperature has been taken as dependent variable whereas the different weather elements, chosen on physical reasoning, are the independent variables in the equations. Techiques have been evolved to parameterise advection and clouding. The first equation uses only morning data so that forecast can be issued in the forenoon itself. The second and third equations use the evening data as well and arecomparatively better. Both the equations have been tested for independent data of one year and the results have been found very encouraging. Above 80 per cent of the forecast. temperatures for .both the equations lie with in  ±2° C of the actual temperatures. The Root Mean Square Error of the forecasts (independent data) based on the equations is less than 1.5 as compared to 2.1 of persistence alone. The main improvement is seen to be in the cases when temperature changes exceed 3 oC from that of previous day.
Satellite imagery in the prediction of aviation hazards
Authors: SINGH JAGADISH , RAJ HEM , SHARMA P. C. , PANDEY M. K.
Published: February 2022

Satellite meteorological informations in recent years have proved to be a unique tool in aeronautical operations. Although about 12000 stations throughout the world are taking surface synoptic observations several times a day and about 1200 stations upper wind and radiosonde observations twice daily to provide meteorological informations for aeronautical operations, still there are vast data sparse regions over the globe such as big deserts, Inaccessible mountain ranges and oceanic areas. With the launch of first U.S. weather satellite TIROS-l in April 1960, it was possible for the first time to get up-to-date information over the entire globe through visible and infrared imagery. The better quality pictures from polar orbiting satellites received in both visible and infrared channels have been very helpful to an aviation forecaster In recent years over Indian sub-continent. In the present paper, various cloud characteristics associated with potentially hazardous weather phenomena for aviation such as tropical cyclones, jet-streams, squall lines, tornadoes, fogs etc have been discussed with the special emphasis on the safety of the aircraft.
A study of sea surface pressure (SSP), sea surface temperature (SST) and cloudiness patterns over Indian Ocean region in some years of contrasting southwest monsoon rainfall in India: Part II
Authors: SINGH RANJIT
Published: February 2022

A study is made of the sea surface pressure (SSP) and sea surface temperature (SST) patterns and distribution of cloudiness for different months over Indian Ocean (north of 15 S and between 40° E and 100° E) with the help of Marine annual summary data for the years 1961, 1964,1965 and 1966. In April and May the area of major cloudiness lies to the south of the thermal ridge ex is and east or 65 E longitude over warm sea. In the months of June, July and August of good monsoon years, only one belt of major cloudiness lying over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea east of 65" E IS prominent, whereas In bad monsoon years two distinct belts, one lying in the northern latitudes and the other running along equatorial ocean with interlying region of lesser cloudiness are observed. The reverse happens in the month of September when only one belt IS observed In bad monsoon years.
Crustal studies along Indore-Khandwa section of Narmada basin by deep seismic sounding
Authors: SRIVASTAVA H. N. , VERMA R. K. , VERMA G. S.
Published: February 2022

The area along Indore-Khandwa profile in the M.P. region has been studied using the deep seismic sounding, techniques. A total of eight observatories were set up along the profile to record the explosions data, using high magnification seismographs. The quantity of explosions used for, the purpose ranged from 50 kg to 1200 kg. Refraction studies have revealed that there is a two layer crust consisting of 18 km of granite and 20 km of basalt in the region; that is giving a depth of Moho  as 38 km. This has been further confirmed from the reflection studies.

 

Using the velocity model deduced in this paper, the epicentral parameters of micro earthquakes have been determined. It has been found that the seismic activity in the region has been very low during the period of observations.
Meteorological requirements on air conditioning in relation to human habitat for comfort
Authors: CHOWDHURY A. , GANESAN H. R.
Published: February 2022

Weekly means of effective temperature -ET (an index of heat stress on human body) during the 24 hours of the day, have been computed, utilising hourly dry and wet bulb temperature and the wind speed based on data for a ten year period (1957-66). This has been done in respect of a major cities, viz., Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and New Delhi. Adopting a 25 deg. C ET as the lower limit of thermal discomfort, diagrams have been prepared, analysed and discussed. Role of onset of monsoon conditions in ameliorating the discomfort have been evaluated. The utility of the diagrams in the light of meteorological requirements for air-conditioning, has been determined a ad discussed.
Interpolation of short duration rainfall from 24-hou r rainfall in lower Godavari basin
Authors: RAO D. V. L. N. , GOYAL S. C. , KATHURIA S. N.
Published: February 2022

Short duration rainfall estimates for different return periods ore required in many problems concerning flood estimation for design purposes. A general paucity of data in the form of inadequate network of self recording raingauges (SRRG) and also the inadequacy of available period of records often necessitated the water resource planners to develop alternate techniques to overcome this deficiency. An attempt has been made in this paper to estimate short duration extreme rainfall for a given return periods from a knowledge of 24-hour data of ordinary non-recording raingauges. The procedure adopted in the study is as follows :

 

Using data of randomly selected 14 SRRGs out of already existing network of 17 S.R. raingauges in lower Godavari basin regression equation was fitted between a short duration rainfall estimate and 24-hr rainfall estimate for a given return period. The coefficients of regression curve were worked out by the least squares method with basin as a unit.

 

Using these constants and coefficients, estimates of short duration in a problem area were made. The short duration rainfall estimates for 2 and 50-year return periods were computed for three existing SRRG stations which were not used in the computation of regression coefficients and four ordinary raingauge stations in and around the sub-zone. The errors, on comparison are found to be within reasonable limits. The technique presented in the paper can be employed to estimate short duration rainfall, from daily rainfall records for any area.
Heights of tropopauses in some tropical cyclones over the Indian areas
Authors: SINGH RANJIT
Published: February 2022

Variation in the heights of tropopauses above tropical cyclonic storms in different stages of their evolution has been studied in the care of three different cyclonic storms formed in the Indian region. It was found that the tropopause may rise with a fall in temperature above a cyclonic or severe cyclonic storm when the cyclonic vortex extends sufficiently high into the lower stratosphere. It may sink with arise in temperature (i) over an easterly trough and (ii) may undulate in the peripheral anticyclone surrounding the core.
Semi-quantitative precipitation forecasts for Gomti catchment by synoptic analogue method
Authors: LAL J. , DAY J. S. , KAPOOR K. K.
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made to evolve a simple method for advance assessment of  areal rainfall semiquantitatively for Gomti river catchment in Uttar Pradesh. Different types of synoptic situations are correlated with their resulting rainstorms over the catchment to prepare synoptic analogues for forecast range of areal rainfall. The method can be used in day to day forecasting with reasonable accuracy.
Use of microseisms in storm diagnosis
Authors: SINGH MATHURA , BHATTACHARYA S. N.
Published: February 2022

Microseisms generated by storms in the Bay of Bengal and recorded by Sprengnether micro-seismographs at Visakhapatnam and Madras and by Milne-Shaw seismograph at Port Blair have been studied. The amplitude of microseisms had a primary maximum when the storm is at peak intensity and a secondary maximum when the storm crosses the coast. Microseisms amplitudes AM, AV and AP respectively recorded at Madras, Visakhapatnam and Port Blair during 1961 to 1970 were taken. The ratios AM/ AV and AP/ AM were plotted on two separate maps at the corresponding storm position as given in IDWR and thus two sets of amplitude ratio isolines were obtained. The clear-cut inter-sections of these two sets of isolines enabled us to locate the storm position when amplitude ratios are known. We applied these amplitude ratio charts for locating storm during 1971 and 1972. The location by this method was found to agree within 0.5 deg. in latitude or longitude as compared to the determination given in Indian Daily Weather Report (IDWR). Amplitude recorded at Madras when the storm was at severe cyclonic stage were plotted at storm centre and isolines (amplitude charts) were drawn through these amplitude values. It seems that preparation of such a chart for determining storm intensity requires more precise specification of storm ( such as maximum wind speed ).
On the mass, heat and moisture balance in the field of monsoon depressions
Authors: CHOWDHURY A.
Published: February 2022

Based on data of 27 monsoon depressions which formed in the Bay of Bengal during the two typical monsoon months, i.e., July and August and moved in the customary westerly to westnorthwesterly direction, mean lateral transports of mass, sensible heat and latent heat and moisture have been calculated. Distribution of depths of inflow and outflow layers with distance from the depression centre has been obtained. Vertical fluxes of the total effective energy including the transfers from the underlying surface are estimated. Magnitude of energy loss from the top of the depression field have been obtained and compared with what may be expected from the black body radiation at the cirrus level. Theoretically possible extent of rise of the convective elements from the surface heat supply, rising exclusively out of buoyancy forces has been determined. Heat sources and sinks, their areal extent, the rate of descent and the amount of evaporation the subsiding airmass would evaporate from the surface have been obtained and discussed.

 

Maximum amounts of rainfall that could occur on the assumption that all converging moisture precipitates out, has been obtained for different distances from the depression centre. Frictional loss horizontal due to skin friction at the boundary layer has been computed and expressed in terms of the net sea level effective heat as well as the latent heat gained within the depression.
Recurvature of tropical cyclones in the Indian seas
Authors: SINGH M. S. , AGNIHOTRI C. L.
Published: February 2022

After study of recurvature of tropical cyclones in the western north Atlantic from 1961 to 1977; Gray (1981) devised criteria for prediction of turning motion of tropical cyclones using 200 and 900 mb composited winds in a radius of 7 deg.-11 deg. Lat./Long, from the centre of the storm, He showed that the components of vertical wind shear between 200 and 900 mb parallel to the direction of motion of the cyclone, are different for cyclones moving straight, turning left and turning right, 24 to 36 hours in advance of the turning motion, These differences he used as a  means of prediction of recurvature of a cyclone 24 to 36 hours in advance. We tested this method for the cycloncs of the Bay of Bengal and found that they are applicable in cases of severe cyclones which were so 24 to 36 hours in advance of the recurvature and were on the high seas, The results

were less definite in cases of cyclones or weaker systems or systems close to the coast.
Characteristics of boundary layer parameters
Authors: GUHA M. K. , SHEWALE M. P.
Published: February 2022

The dependence of frictional velocity u* within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with reference to height, time and actual velocity has been obtained by using the logarithmic wind profile and surface stress T0. The wind speed at any level has been expressed in forms of the lowest level wind speed and the level height in the form of exponential function and the results obtained, according to the model have been compared with the actual wind at any instant. The results are in good agreement. It has been also shown here that the momentum drag coefficient CD is not absolutely constant but possesses a height variation. The wind speed can be continued analytically to a greater height according to the model and the value of CD obtained by this continued value is well in agreement with the existing range of CD.
Ultraviolet radiation measurements at Pune
Authors: CHACKO O. , RAHALKAR C. G. , DESIKAN V.
Published: February 2022

Results of measurements of global solar ultraviolet radiation in the -wave length range 290-390 nm received from the sun and sky on a horizontal surface (OUVR) using an Eppley ultraviolet radiometer at Pune (18 N, 73 E) during 1972-73 are presented.

 

During the year on an average about 16 cal/cm2 are received daily as GUVR, the daily values ranging from 12-20 cal/cm2/day with lower values in winter, due to the lower solar- elevation angles at this time. The proportion of GUVR to global solar radiation (OR) is about 4 per cent with lower values, again in winter. This ratio also varies during the day, being a maximum at noon.

 

The mean hourly values of GUVR is about 3.9 cal/cm2/hour at noon in summer and about 2.0 cal/cm2/hour in winter. In general more GUVR is received in the forenoon than in the afternoon.

 

No marked influence of turbidity on the OUVR has been observed. However, the hourly values around noon show a decreasing trend with increasing turbidity.
Agricultural droughts at Peddapuram, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: SUBRAMANIAM A. R. , RAO A. VENKATA
Published: February 2022

This investigation is undertaken to study agricultural drought in relation to ragi (Finger Millet) grown under r1linfed conditions. Regression relationship is worked out between the yields of ragi and seasonal lma for forecasting of crop yield. To know the requirements of index of moisture adequacy and percentage of available soil moisture during crop growing phase, graphs are presented by taking above parameters as crop growing weeks for the years of lowest, 'average and highest yields. For these years weekly water balance patterns are also presented.
Source mechanism of earthquakes in Szechwan province, China
Authors: GUPTA A. DAS , MALLIK S. BASU , SRIVASTAVA H. N.
Published: February 2022

Focal mechanism solutions of seven earthquakes during 1970-1976 along with the results of the earlier workers have been used to understand the nature of faulting in the Szechwan Province. China. It has been found that the nature of faulting is predominantly normal in this region. Pressures are steeply dipping trending northwest-southeast while the tensions are generally shallow.
Development of an application among Visual C#[. NET] to work with student databases
Authors: Тулеугалиев А.С. , Бекетова А.Б.
Published: February 2022

В этой исследовательской работе прикладная программа на языке Visual C#[.NET] с поддержкой SQL для создания базы данных студентов, которая оптимизирует и повышает производительность преподавателей университета и школ. Одно из особенностей этой программы ввод и вывод данные студентов, а также для получения различных видов документа. Почему я выбрал именно язык Visual Studio C#? Так как Visual Studio C# является одним из много-функциональных и современных языков в сфере программирования для создания подобных Desktop программ.
Использование iSpring Suite для создания электронных учебных курсов
Authors: Бегарыс А.Б. , Кубашева А.Н.
Published: February 2022

Бұл мақалада iSpring Suite программасы Microsoft PowerPoint қолданушыларына қандай қосымша мүмкіндіктер ұсынатыны туралы -слайдтарға орналастыруға болатын iSpring QuizMaker тестілері, iSpring Kinetics интерактивтілігі, SWF форматты флеш-роликтер, YouTube бейне-фильмдері және веб-объектілер туралы айтылған.
Messages from Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Authors: Bevan-Brown Jill
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of an on-line questionnaire answered by 137 parents of children with ASD. The questionnaire sought parental opinion about what content and messages should be included in a DVD about ASD. Parents’ predominant messages were that: ASD is not an illness that can be cured; children with ASD think and act differently; people need to accept and accommodate these differences; include children with ASD and their families, and treat them with dignity and respect. Parents emphasised the importance of their children having friends, being included in everyday and special activities; being shown acceptance and kindness, and being safe in the school and community environment. They also described a variety of strategies that had proved successful with their children both at school and in the wider community. These strategies and parental concerns are strongly supported in the research literature.
Early Intervention Services: Effectively Supporting Māori Children and Their Families.
Authors: Berryman Mere , Woller Paul
Published: February 2022

This paper examines Early Intervention (EI) service provision from within one Ministry of Education region in New Zealand. It does this in order to better understand what works well and what needs to change if children from Maori families, of Early Childhood age, are to be provided with the most effective EI services. By engaging with Maori families in group-focused interviews-as- conversation, and then with their service providers, about their experiences of working together, researchers learned about what could provide effective services for other Maori families in similar situations.
Learning by Doing: Action Research to Evaluate Provisions for Gifted and Talented Students.
Authors: Riley Tracy , Moltzen Roger
Published: February 2022

Between 2006 and 2008 the Ministry of Education funded the evaluation of three Talent Development Initiatives for gifted and talented students. The methodology employed was one of participatory action research, a process of evaluation that enables learning by doing, as researchers and practitioners work alongside one another. Through the process of evaluating the three programmes, the researchers were also able to reflect on how and what formative feedback effects the development, implementation, maintenance, and evaluation of provisions for gifted and talented students. Based upon notes from team meetings, ongoing communications, and focus group discussions, the researchers concluded that an action research approach, despite some tensions, is useful and instrumental in the ongoing development of provisions for gifted and talented students.
An Examination of New Zealand Teachers’ Attributions and Perceptions of Behaviour, Classroom Management, and the Level of Formal Teacher Training Received in Behaviour Management.
Authors: Johansen Anita , Little Steven , Akin-Little Angeleque
Published: February 2022

The way in which behaviour is perceived and managed by teachers can influence the classroom environment. The current study examined teachers’ perceptions of the cause of school behavioural problems and the effectiveness of positive behavioural interventions. It also examined the level of formal training participants have received in behaviour management. Results indicated that a number of participants perceived school behavioural problems to be caused by external factors such as parenting and that these behaviours are controllable by the students. Results also indicated that a number of teachers believe positive behavioural interventions do not work despite the research that indicates that they do. Teachers also report receiving minimal formal training in behaviour management or ongoing professional development in the area which is likely to influence their perceptions and classroom management practice. Results are discussed in terms of teacher training and professional development and the current work of the Ministry of Education’s Positive Behaviour 4 Learning (PB4L) initiative.
I thought this was Social Studies, not English, Miss! Improving students’ attitudes to reading and writing in Year 9 and 10 Social Studies.
Authors: Parker-Corney Kate , Kilpin Ken , Taylor Rowena
Published: February 2022

Low levels of literacy engagement by Years 9 and 10 students impact on their achievementin curriculum subjects such as Social Studies in New Zealand secondary schools. The majorityof students entering secondary school possess sufficient foundation skills for further scaffolded subject literacy instruction, but some consistently resist or refuse to engage with text. Faced with this, the teacher works increasingly harder to compensate for reluctant readers and writers. This is the story of one teacher’s changing practice as the result of professional learning in The Secondary Literacy Project (Ministry of Education, 2009-11) which has resulted in a substantive change in her Social Studies classrooms, with “resistive” (Tovani, 2000, p. 14) readers now significantly more motivated and engaged in negotiating and responding to challenging texts.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Mainstream Playground.
Authors: Couper Llyween , Sutherland Dean , Van Bysterveldt Anne
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the place of the school playground in the lives of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We discuss the physical environment, school systems and practices that support the development of social competence and increased peer interactions for children with ASD in their school playground. Highlighted issues include the importance of play, and the value of the school playground as a curriculum resource with the potential to build a bridge to inclusion for children who experience difficulty developing skills in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and play. Inclusion is more than just placement in regular classrooms. It is about feelings of belonging in the whole school community and that includes being able to participate in the school playground without feelings of anxiety, isolation, or vulnerability.
Reciprocal Teaching: Critical Reflection on Practice.
Authors: McAllum Ruth
Published: February 2022

This paper highlights reciprocal teaching as an inclusive instructional strategy that has beenshown to improve reading comprehension and metacognitive skills. It provides a conceptual background to reciprocal teaching and examines its purpose, strengths and weaknesses. The notion of reciprocal teaching as an evidence-based practice is also examined with recommendations for practice.
Incredible Years Parent and Teacher Programmes: Emerging Themes and Issues.
Authors: Wetherall Michelle
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the Incredible Years Parent and Teacher Programmes that have originatedfrom the work of Webster-Stratton. It provides a brief background on the programmes and acritical analysis of the issues as identified in current literature. The issues can be grouped into four main categories, the first being government decision-making which includes policy directives, the costs and benefits, and policy borrowing from other contexts and economic settings. The second category focuses on working definitions of the term Conduct Disorder (CD). The third category relates to implementation, and illuminates the concerns about staff training and supervision including the impact of this on implementation fidelity. Finally, the gaps and implications for further research are explored.
A Brief Analogy Strategy-Based Intervention supports the Development of Invented Spelling and Decoding.
Authors: Evans Angela , Arrow Alison , Greaney Keith
Published: February 2022

Recent research in literacy acquisition has led to an elaboration of instructional programmes that focus on supporting children’s progress through successive developmental levels. An example of such an approach is analogy instruction, the basis of which is that children develop a system of recognition of shared patterns within words and strategies for applying them to reading and spelling in context. This study evaluated the implementation of a modified analogy strategy-based programme. A group of Y3 and 4 children with reading and spelling difficulties were taught, for eight weeks, specific phonological skills and analogy strategies for reading and spelling. The key finding was that the intervention significantly improved children’s letter-sound knowledge, phonemic awareness decoding (non-word reading), and invented spelling skills compared with that of a control group. This finding suggests that an analogy strategy-based programme may be effective in improving children’s decoding and encoding skills.
Poverty in New Zealand: Who is Most Affected, What are the Effects on Students, and How can the Issues be Overcome?
Authors: Burkett Lesley
Published: February 2022

Students from low socio-economic backgrounds in New Zealand face many disadvantages when it comes to education, and, despite government initiatives, the disparity between the poor and the well-off continues to grow in this country. New Zealand is among several countries where income inequalities are large and the impact of socio-economic background on learning outcomes is also large (OECD, 2010).

The literature in New Zealand, and overseas, regarding the effects of poverty on education is varied and extensive. This position paper discusses these effects on the learning and behaviour of students and considers what ethnicities are most at-risk as a result. Enablers and barriers to overcoming disadvantages associated with low socio-economic status (SES) background are then reviewed.
Why our Family? Parental Responses to Cyberbullying.
Authors: Lynch Tegan , Green Vanessa , Bowden Christopher , Harcourt Susan
Published: February 2022

Cyberbullying is a significant issue among young people both in New Zealand and internationally. To develop effective and unified prevention and intervention strategies, it is important to understand the perspectives of all parties. However, there is currently limited research on parents’ perspectives of cyberbullying. This applied research project has analysed parents’ responses to their child being cyberbullied. An anonymous, online questionnaire yielded responses to seven questions from ten participants. These qualitative responses were analysed thematically to produce overarching themes that reflect the experiences of parentswhose children have been cyberbullied. The ten participants’ responses revealed that parents have a range of emotional reactions and take a variety of actions in response to their child being cyberbullied. They also feel that multiple parties are responsible for intervening in cyberbullying. Limitations, future directions, and implications for successful home-school partnerships are discussed.
An Interview with Associate Professor Jill Bevan-Brown.
Authors: Mitchell Paul
Published: February 2022

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The Use of Stand-downs in New Zealand Schools: What are the Issues?
Authors: White Carolyn , Kearney Alison
Published: February 2022

In 2013, schools in New Zealand stood-down nearly 12,000 students as a result of behavioural difficulties. Research indicates that rather than improving behaviour, stand-downs can reinforce inappropriate behaviour and potentially put students at-risk. This paper overviews the use of stand-downs in New Zealand schools, discussing the nature and extent of their use. Using examples from a small case study based around two secondary school students who had recently been stood-down, the potential adverse effects and impacts of school stand-down are discussed, and arguments put forward for finding alternatives to the practice.
An Interview with Professor Angus Hikairo Macfarlane.
Authors: Kearney Alison
Published: February 2022

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All Students Belong inThe New Zealand Curriculum’: A vision supported by the Inclusive Education Capability Building Project.
Authors: McIlroy Anne-Marie
Published: February 2022

This article describes the Ministry of Education’s Inclusive Education Capability Building Project (2013-2014). Project members were tasked with creating resources for professional development that would be used to grow inclusive practice in New Zealand schools. This article also shares the learning journey of some members of the project team as they engaged in the inquiry process around inclusive practice. A key understanding for this project was that all students can be successful learners and belong in The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007), also referred to in this article as NZC.
Whole Language and Phonics: Which Instructional Practices are Most Effective in Teaching At-Risk Students to Read?
Authors: Senior Tamara , Arrow Alison , Greaney Keith
Published: February 2022

A disproportionate number of New Zealand students fail to learn to read. Children from low socio-economic backgrounds are over-represented among New Zealand’s under-achieving readers. This study investigated the extent to which teachers of beginning readers in low-decile schools emphasised explicit phonological-based instruction, as well as the relationship between teacher emphasis on phonological instruction and student progress in reading-related skills. Results demonstrated that children from different literacy instruction programmes progressed similarly in all reading-related skills except word reading. Students receiving explicit phonological- based literacy instruction made superior progress in word reading skills over children receiving implicit phonological-based instruction. A strong emphasis on explicit phonological instruction was also associated with a reduction in variation of class word reading scores over time. The study findings support previous research demonstrating that phonological awareness and decoding skills play a crucial role in the development of word reading ability and that explicit phonological-based instruction can attenuate differences in word reading development. Implications for teachers and policy makers are described.
An Insight into the Well-being of Primary School-Aged Children.
Authors: Miliffe Anastasia
Published: February 2022

The child well-being movement seeks to enhance the well-being of all children and protect our most vulnerable. The plethora of definitions and approaches to child well-being may create ambiguity and uncertainty about what child well-being means and what research- based frameworks are available to support it. In this initial study, the well-being views of primary school- aged children were explored and aligned with the Developmental Assets approach which conceptualises child well-being in terms of the relationships, opportunities, competencies, values and self-perceptions that all youth need to be resilient and thrive (Search Institute, 2012). The results highlight the importance of interests to subjective child well-being and the limited opportunities reported by the majority of participants to constructively engage with their interests. This study suggests advocacy for children to have increased access to interest-based learning opportunities. The Developmental Assets approach, which includes a model for community development, provides school communities with a potential framework to understand, measure and respond to the well-being needs of students, as is required of schools by the Well-being for Success policy (Education Review Office, 2013).