bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cambios en la legislación como consecuencia de la aparición de la violencia digital en México
Authors: Lizárraga Lizárraga Ernestina , Román Pérez Rosario , Tirado Ruiz Rosa Amelia
Published: December 2024

La aparición y masificación del uso de tecnologías de la información y medios digitales modificó las dinámicas de interacción entre las personas y la forma de intimar es una de ellas. Con esto también se modificó la forma de violentar en dicho ámbito, la cual pasó sin problema alguno sus manifestaciones al plano virtual. Las modificaciones a las diferentes legislaciones estatales y federales, comúnmente nombradas Ley Olimpia en México, surgen como reacción a dicha violencia. El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer un comparativo entre los artículos de la legislación mexicana, antes de que se tipificara la violencia digital, con la actual legislación, así como los resultados que han tenido estos cambios. La metodología empleada sigue un enfoque cualitativo empleando como técnica principal la investigación documental, así como la observación de material legislativo y periodístico sobre el tema, lo cual permitió hacer un seguimiento de los cambios históricos y sociológicos. Concluimos que la violencia digital puede tener nuevas manifestaciones, a medida que la tecnología mute, lo que representará desafíos ingentes para los juristas. Asimismo, se contempla al derecho como un ente vivo y de gran capacidad de adaptación a los nuevos retos que las sociedades enfrentan.
Osprey Population Increase and Nesting Success over Five Years in Central Interior California
Authors: Airola Daniel A. , Estep James A.
Published: December 2024

From 2020 to 2024 the population of the Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) nesting in seven counties in central interior California increased at an average annual rate of 4.5%. Of the 13 to 51 nests adequately monitored annually, the percentage that successfully fledged young (nest success) ranged from 69% to 100% per year, while productivity (number of young fledged per occupied nest) ranged from 1.13 to 1.85. Average annual storage levels at the five major reservoirs were roughly associated with Osprey nesting success and productivity over the five-year period, although the relationship was not statistically significant. The rates of reproductive success and productivity we observed are similar to those since 1975 elsewhere in northern California, where success has remained consistently high. The rate of increase of the central interior population is lower than for most other areas studied since 1975, suggesting that the population, although reproducing at or above a sustainable level, may be reaching a habitat-limited carrying capacity. A rapid recent increase in the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) population in this region poses a potential threat, but no detrimental effects on the Osprey have been documented yet.
Exceptional Plumage of a Female Anna’s Hummingbird in Los Angeles
Authors: Campbell Russell M. L. , Lyon Sean C. , Terrill Ryan S. , Wong Jennifer M. , Mutchler Marquette , McCormack John E. , Clark Christopher J.
Published: December 2024

Hummingbirds are often sexually dimorphic, the males of many species showing an ornamental gorget that females lack. Males use this ornamental plumage to attract mates and establish a territory, while females build nests and care for the young alone. In Los Angeles, California, we observed a nesting Anna’s Hummingbird with male-like plumage on the crown and gorget but the rectrix morphology of a female—and it reared chicks. The extent of gorget development on this individual likely represents one of the most extreme examples of a male-plumaged female hummingbird yet documented.
Impact of Gelatin Sponge on Reducing Pulmonary Hemorrhage in CT-Guided Lung Biopsies: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Xiao jincheng , ZHANG YONG , WANG YANDAN , Guan Weiwei , Luo Junpeng
Published: December 2024

Background: Gelatin sponges are widely used as embolic agents to reduce bleeding in various surgical procedures. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of gelatin sponges in decreasing pulmonary bleeding during CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Henan Cancer Hospital, including patients who underwent PTNB from January to December 2022. Patients were categorized based on the use of gelatin sponges. Propensity score matching generated 1052 matched pairs, and machine learning models were utilized to predict the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage.
Results: A total of 1826 patients (mean age 64 ± 10 years; 986 men) were analyzed. The use of gelatin sponges resulted in a 6.46% reduction in severe pulmonary hemorrhage compared to the non-gelatin sponge group (p = 0.034). Logistic regression identified gelatin sponges as a significant protective factor (coefficient: -0.28, p = 0.029).
Conclusions: Gelatin sponges significantly reduce the risk of pulmonary hemorrhage in PTNB procedures, suggesting a potential improvement in patient safety and clinical outcomes.
Analysis and Control of the Causes of the Uplift of the Invert of Deep Tunnels
Authors: Li Chunlin , Wu Yan
Published: December 2024

When traversing a complex and fractured geological formation, a deep-buried highway tunnel in Yunnan Province encountered a significant uplift problem in the invert. The causes of the tunnel's uplifted section were analyzed through on-site observations and monitoring of the lining structure's deformation, combined with numerical simulation methods. The results indicate that the primary factors leading to the invert uplift are the softening of the surrounding rock at the invert base due to water seepage and the high water pressure in the fractured zone. The softening of the surrounding rock is crucial to the safety of the inverted uplift structure. Based on the tunnel’s engineering characteristics and the causes of the invert uplift, remediation measures such as “enhancing the drainage system, grouting with steel flower pipes, and demolishing and replacing the invert” were adopted. These measures effectively controlled the invert uplift. After the remediation, the convergence rate of the secondary lining decreased, and the deformation stabilized, indicating that the invert uplift remediation plan was reasonable and effective.
percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar decompression for intraspinal tophaceous gout surrounded by dural sac: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Chen , Dong Jinwang , Dong Liang
Published: December 2024

Background
Intraspinal tophaceous gout is a rare causative factor for spinal stenosis and neurological impairment. The most common treatment is laminectomy with or without fusion through an open approach. Yet, this excessively destroys normal tissues such as the lamina, facet joints, posterior ligamentous complex, and paravertebral muscles, increasing the risk of postoperative spinal instability and chronic back pain. The aim of current study was to analyze the surgical efficacy of percutaneous interlaminar endoscopy in the treatment of intraspinal tophaceous gout encased by the dural sac.
Case presentation:
A 31-year-old male complained of back pain and radiative pain in the right lower extremities for one year. Preoperative dual-energy CT (DECT) showed patchy extensive urate crystal deposition in the L4-L5 spinal canal and multiple facet joints. The patient underwent percutaneous endoscopic decompression via lumbar interlaminar approach. Multiple chalky white mass was found compressing the dural sac and nerve roots endoscopically. Pathologic results confirmed the diagnosis of lumbar intraspinal tophi. Postoperative MRI showed no significant compression of the dural sac and nerves, and CT showed no significant destruction of the facet joints. The patient's symptoms improved rapidly following the procedure.
Conclusion
Intraspinal tophaceous gout is rare. DECT is highly recommended for diagnosis when suspecting intraspinal tophaceous gout. This study reports a case of percutaneous endoscopic treatment of a patient with intraspinal tophaceous gout encased by the dural sac. We believe this surgical approach provides a new option for the treatment of lumbar spinal tophaceous gout because it provides adequate decompression without impaires joint stability. Percutaneous endoscopic decompression also has the following benefits: less bleeding, lower hospital expenses, and shorter hospitalization.
Associations between Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) dose and the risk of flares in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zou Yadan , Peng Yuanhong , Zhong YuChao , Li Shengguang , Zhao Zhongxing , Yao Haihong
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage and the incidence of flares in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 703 SLE patients from multiple sites in China were analyzed from October 2020 to May 2023. Patients with a SLEDAI-2K score ≥4 were categorized into low-dose (≤6.7 mg/kg/day) and high-dose (>6.7 mg/kg/day) HCQ groups. The primary outcome was an SLE flare incidence, determined by therapy augmentation, an SLEDAI-2000 increase of ≥4 points, or hospitalization.
Results: Among the 703 patients, 45.5% experienced flares. Patients in the high-dose group had a significantly lower flare incidence (41.1%) compared to the low-dose group (51%, P=0.009). Cox regression analyses showed that higher HCQ doses were consistently associated with a reduced risk of flares (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.99, P=0.03). When stratified by HCQ dosage, patients receiving≥6.7mg/kg/day had a lower risk of flares compared to those receiving <6.7mg/kg/day, with a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.61–0.96, P=0.019). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed a longer flare-free survival in the high-dose group (P=0.022). The smoothed dose HR curve indicated a clear trend of reduced flare risk for increased hydroxychloroquine dosages. Subgroup analyses show a clear trend without significant interaction effects.
Conclusions: Higher HCQ dosages are associated with a reduced risk of SLE flares and improved flare-free survival, supporting the optimization of HCQ dosing in SLE management.
Keywords: hydroxychloroquine, flare, lupus, systemic
The relationship between changes in body weight and cognitive function in the elderly
Authors: Zhong Yulu , Guo Bin , Wang Yaoyao , Li Yinan , Li Qinghai , Yu Xinjuan , Guo Jimei , Wang Tao
Published: December 2024

Background
Cognitive function is a major concern in aging society. Current studies on the impact of body weight changes on cognitive abilities present conflicting results. This study explored the relationship between weight changes during adulthood and cognitive function in later life.
Methods
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and a total of 5079 participants aged 60 years or older with recalled weight at young and middle adulthood were included. Absolute weight change was categorized into five groups: weight loss of at least 2.5 kg, weight change within 2.5 kg (reference group), weight gain of at least 2.5 kg but less than 10.0 kg, weight gain of at least 10 kg but less than 20.0 kg, and weight gain of at least 20.0 kg. Cognitive function was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Logistic regression models adjusted for covariates were used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between weight changes and cognitive function.
Results
From age 25 years to 10 years before survey, participants with small to moderate weight gain (increase of ≥ 2.5kg and < 10kg) exhibited a decreased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with stable weight (weight change within 2.5 kg), with an OR of 0.64 (95%CI = 0.48 to 0.85, P = 0.003). For moderate to substantial weight gain (increase of ≥ 10kg and < 20kg), the OR was 0.66 (95%CI = 0.50 to 0.89, P = 0.007). From age 25 years to survey, the OR for moderate to substantial weight gain was 0.61 (95%CI = 0.46 to 0.79, P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline indicated a U-shaped relationship between the absolute weight change and cognitive function.
Conclusions
Weight gain within certain limits during adulthood appears to be a protective factor against cognitive decline.
Analysis of caries risk behavior aggregation status and influencing factors in children aged 7-12 years in Jinzhou City
Authors: Li Hui , Xu Jianhui , Zhang Ke , Chai Mingzhu , Li Xin
Published: December 2024

Background
Non-brushing, snacking, and not utilizing oral services during mixed dentition are modifiable health risk factors for dental caries in school-age children. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in school-age children, the prevalence of clustered risk behaviors, and related influencing factors.
Methods
A total of 2266 students aged 7–12 years old from five districts and counties of Jinzhou were recruited by the multi-stage cluster random sampling method for a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was collected from a parent or guardian with information on factors relevant to the child. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the prevalence of caries and clustered risk behaviors, and binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with clustered risk behaviors (P<0.05).
Results
Of the 2,266 children, ages 7–12, who responded to the study, 40.9% engaged in two or more concurrent oral health risk behaviors. Consuming snacks ≥ 2 times/day and not utilizing oral services were the two oral health risk behaviors that were most frequently clustered together. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that rural areas (OR = 0.642, P = 0.000), low education level of mothers (OR = 1.491, P = 0.000), and medium (OR = 1.277, P = 0.015) were independent influencing factors of oral health risk behavior clustering. After adjusting the three factors of gender, age, and urban and rural areas, the probability of clustering two and three oral health risk behaviors still increased with the severity of dental caries.
Conclusions
Oral health risk behaviors are common among school-age children, and rural children and children with low maternal education levels are the key groups for behavior improvement.
Changing rod stiffness to moderate stress of adjacent disc in oblique lumbar interbody fusion - A finite element analysis
Authors: Chou Po-Hsin , Chen Jin-Jer , Chen Chen-Sheng , Shih Shih-Liang , Wang Shih-Tien , Liu Chien-Lin
Published: December 2024

Background OLIF (oblique lumbar interbody fusion) is a minimally invasive surgery to treat spinal instability. However, clinical studies indicated the early degeneration of adjacent segments after surgery. The rod stiffness of OLIF was associated with change at adjacent segments. Therefore, the study aimed to compare the biomechanical effects of OLIF with different rod material properties using the finite element (FE) method.Methods A validated L1-L5 lumbar spine was conducted in the biomechanical analysis using FE software ANSYS. The FE model of OLIF with a rod was created. Current biocompatible materials for the rod of the OLIF model were changed, including titanium alloy (OLIF_Ti), nickel-titanium alloy (OLIF_NiTi), and polycarbonate urethane (OLIF_PCU) rod. Four FE models, consisting of the intact model (INT) and implant models, were created. Hybrid control loads, such as flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending, were subjected to four models on the L1 vertebral body. The bottom of the L5 vertebral body was fixed.Results At the surgical level, while compared to the INT model, the OLIF_Ti and OLIF_NiTi model resulted in a ROM reduction of over 40% at least, but the OLIF_PCU changed about 10% in flexion and extension. At adjacent level L2-L3, the FE results indicated that the OLIF_Ti and OLIF_NiTi model increased more stress by about 12% at least than the INT model at the adjacent segment, but it demonstrated that the OLIF_PCU would not result in stress rise at the adjacent level L2-L3 in flexion and extension.Conclusion The study concluded that rod stiffness was associated with change at the adjacent segments. The use of OLIF surgery with PCU rods can minimize the impact of the adjacent segment after lumbar fusion.
Prognostic Significance of Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocytes to Immunosuppressive Lymphocytes Ratio (CIL) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Duo , Heng Yu , Jin Qiu-yan , Tang Di , Zhu Xiao-ke , Lu Li-ming , Wu Chun-ping , Tao Lei
Published: December 2024

Immunoscore (IS), based on CD3/CD8, has been proposed to characterize the immune landscape of the tumor immune microenvironment and has demonstrated an association with the prognosis of LSCC (Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma). However, traditional IS does not include immunosuppressive cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic performance of cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes to immunosuppressive cells ratio (CIL) in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC) patients. Two cohorts were included in this study: the training cohort (N=75) consisted of tumor tissue microarrays from LSCC patients in our department, and the Validation cohort (N=116) utilized bulk RNA-seq data from the TCGA database. Patients with high IS or CIL showed significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in both cohorts. Upon analyzing the relative contribution of each parameter, it was found that CIL exhibited the highest significance among the factors examined. It emerged as the strongest predictor of overall survival, emphasizing its crucial influence in determining the outcomes. The prognostic ability of IS-TCGA was similar to the original IS. Additionally, high CILM2-TCGA was associated with prolonged survival of patients with LSCC in the TCGA dataset. CIL, which is easier to construct than IS, proves to be reliable in predicting survival outcomes for patients with LSCC.
Validation of Serum Galactomannan for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Outcome Prediction
Authors: Wu Trent Chang-Wei , Lin Chen Chieh , Chen Yung-Hsuan , Keng Li-Ta , Chang Lih-Yu , Chen Jung-Yueh , Lee Meng-Rui , Wang Jann-Yuan , Ho Chao-Chi , Shih Jin-Yuan
Published: December 2024

Objectives
The galactomannan enzyme immunoassay optical density index (GMI) is widely used in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). However, its clinical utility as a prognostic factor has not yet been fully validated.
Methods
Patients with proven and probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) who had a serum GMI (sGMI) result between 2013 and 2020 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan (NTUH-IPA cohort) were identified. A systematic review was conducted to identify studies investigating different sGMI static or kinetic markers for IPA prognosis, and then validated these markers using the NTUH-IPA cohort in a retrospective cohort study design. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the prognostic ability of various sGMI markers for 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and in-hospital mortality,
Results
Our study included 268 IPA patients (14 with proven IPA and 254 with probable IPA) with a 30-day, 90-day, and in-hospital mortality rates of 38.1%, 60.1%, and 61.6% respectively. Our systematic review extracted 28 studies with 12 different sGMI markers were included for validation. In our multivariable logistic regression, a baseline sGMI ≥2 at IPA diagnosis was independently associated with 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16─3.66, p=0.013), 90-day mortality (aOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.29─4.21, p=0.005), and in-hospital mortality (aOR of 2.99, 95% CI 1.62─5.51, p<0.001). A day 7 sGMI ≥1.5 was also independently associated with 30-day mortality (aOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.09─5.02, p=0.029), 90-day mortality (aOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.10─4.58, p=0.027), and in-hospital mortality (aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.12─4.71, p=0.023). No kinetic sGMI marker reached statistical significance for predicting all three outcomes.
Conclusions
A baseline sGMI ≥2 and day 7 sGMI ≥1.5 at diagnosis can be useful predictive markers for mortality in IPA patients, whereas kinetic markers cannot.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Inflammation Response Index as Biomarkers for the Clinical Outcomes of Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients: A Longitudinal Design Study
Authors: HU Ziyi , ZHU Wei , WANG Lingying , ZHOU Chunfen , FAN Chaofeng , Jiang Yan
Published: December 2024

This study examines the associations between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and clinical outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke patients. We recruited and investigated longitudinally 294 ICH stroke patients in a general tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province, China at baseline (admission), 1-month post-discharge, 3-month post-discharge and 6-month post-discharge from January 2020 to January 2022. We calculated the NLR and SIRI from blood samples collected at baseline. The Mann-Whitney test, logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to evaluate differences in the NLR and SIRI between hemorrhagic stroke patients at three follow-up time points. The interaction between these variables was evaluated via multiplicative and additive interaction models. Our study revealed that the cut-off values of the NLR and SIRI to predict the clinical outcomes were determined to be 6 and 4, respectively. NLR > 6 (OR 2.202, 95% CI: 1.094–4.430) and SIRI > 4 (OR 2.056, 95% CI: 1.065–3.968) were associated with increased risks for poor clinical outcomes at 1-month post-discharge. SIRI > 4 (OR 2.428, 95% CI: 1.389–4.243) were associated with increased risks for poor clinical outcomes at 3-month post-discharge. NLR > 6 (OR 1.978, 95% CI: 1.093–3.580) were associated with increased risks for poor clinical outcomes at 6-month post-discharge. The NLR and SIRI did not have an additive effect on the clinical outcome at 1-month post-discharge. Our findings indicate that high NLRs and SIRIs, particularly NLR > 6 and SIRI > 4, are associated with poor clinical outcomes in ICH stroke patients.
Cloning and expression of chromate reductase from Bacillus paramycoides S48 for chromium remediation
Authors: Kalsoom Kalsoom , Din Salah Ud , Ceylan Esma , Hasan Fariha , Khan Samiullah , Badshah Malik , Çanakçi Sabriye , Belduz Ali Osman , Shah Aamer Ali
Published: December 2024

This study explores the production and characterization of chromium reductase from Bacillus paramycoides S48, focusing on its ability to effectively reduce toxic hexavalent chromium to less harmful chromium. The strain exhibited 65% reduction in Cr(VI) within 96 h at 30˚C. Clear morphological and functional group shifts on strain S48 cell surface treated with metal were noted using analytical tools i.e. SEM-EDX and FT-IR. The purified enzyme, obtained through size exclusion column chromatography, demonstrated a specific activity of 1416.5 U/mg, and 6.6-fold increase in purity, with a molecular mass of approximately 35 kDa. The enzyme exhibited stability at temperature 30–40 ˚C and pH 5.0–8.0. Furthermore, the purified chromium reductase achieved, 80% reduction of toxic Cr(VI) after 96 h. The BparChR gene was successfully cloned into the pET-28a vector, expressed in E. coli BL21, and purified through Ni-Affinity ion exchange chromatography. The recombinant BparChR protein displayed a specific activity of 1680 U/mg, and a purification fold of 5.73 times. The BparChR exhibited a remarkable 90% reduction in chromium after 96 h, surpassing the efficacy of whole-cell and native chromium reductase. This study concludes that B. paramycoides S48, holds promise for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly detoxification of chromium in contaminated industrial effluents.
Comparison between a Luminex-based multiplex kit with a sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe and next-generation sequencing for the detection of POLE oncogenic mutations in endometrial cancer
Authors: Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Kawai Takayuki , Okada Hideki , Kondo Takuya , Shiraishi Tetsuro , Yamaguchi Maiko , Higuchi Daiki , Komatsu Masaaki , Hamamoto Ryuji , Matumoto Koji , Terao Yasuhisa , Kato Tomoyasu , Kohno Takashi , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Shiraishi Kouya , Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Objective: In endometrial cancer, detection of oncogenic mutations in the polymerase epsilon (POLE) gene is crucial for accurate staging according to the 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification and for minimizing overtreatment. However, POLEsequencing is expensive, time-consuming, and often inaccessible in settings without specialized equipment. We developed a novel multiplex kit for the detection of POLE mutations using a Luminex (xMAP) assay in a single reaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the multiplex kit for routine clinical samples and compare it with that of conventional next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Methods: Hysterectomy specimens and endometrial biopsies were collected at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1999 and 2023. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Both the Luminex (xMAP)-based multiplex kit and NGS targeting all POLE exons were used. Concordance was assessed using Cohen’s kappa.
Results: Of the 502 samples, 432 were hysterectomy specimens and 70 were biopsies. In the surgical samples, both the Luminex (xMAP)-based kit and NGS detected 52 POLE mutations (12.0%) with perfect concordance (κ=1.000). In the biopsies, 33 POLEmutations were identified using both methods, with complete concordance. Notably, the Luminex (xMAP)-based kit successfully analyzed all 28 samples that failed NGS quality control and detected four cases with POLE mutations.
Conclusions: The Luminex (xMAP)-based kit demonstrates high concordance with NGS for the detection of POLE mutations. With further external validation, this kit could become a reliable and accessible alternative to NGS.
Hammerschmidt, Peter/Sagebiel, Juliane/Hill, Burkhard/Beranek, Angelika (Hrsg.) (2018). Big Data, Facebook, Twitter & Co. und Soziale Arbeit. Aktuelle Themen und Grundsatzfragen der Sozialen Arbeit. Weinheim Basel: Beltz Juventa. 178 S., 19,95 €.
Authors: Speck-Hamdan Angelika
Published: December 2024

Der digitale Wandel ist genera­tionenübergreifend in alle ge­sellschaftlichen Lebensbereiche vorgedrungen und die techni­sche Entwicklung schreitet im steigenden Tempo voran. Beruf, Privatleben, Bildung etc. sind geprägt von digitalen Techno­logien, die sowohl Vorteile als auch Gefahren für den Alltag bedeuten. Auch die vorliegen­de Publikation widmet sich im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit der digitalen Transformation und konkretisiert die Thematik mit­hilfe von unterschiedlichen Per­spektiven. Auf der einen Seite erlangen Lehrende sowie Stu­dierende der Sozialen Arbeit einen fachspezifisch fundierten Einblick in die Thematik, wobei gezielt auf den Umgang und die Herausforderungen der Digitali­sierung eingegangen wird. Zum anderen stellt der Diskurs die Notwendigkeit einer gesamt­gesellschaftlichen Auseinan­dersetzung dar. Die Steigerung der Diversität an individueller Medienkompetenz erhöht auch die (generationenübergreifen­de) digitale Ungleichheit.Dieser Schnittpunkt verdeutlicht die interdisziplinäre Relevanz von Digitalisierung in der Gesell­schaft. Insbesondere Medien­pädagogik spielt hierbei eine zentrale Rolle, denn Medien­nutzung bei Heranwachsenden und die damit einhergehenden Risiken und Gefahren werden in der Sozialarbeit unter anderem in den Fokus genommen. Den­noch zielt die Publikation nicht grundlegend auf Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen oder das alltags­praktische Umsetzen von Me­dienkompetenz ab. Aktuelle As­pekte wie der Komfort und das Potenzial digitaler Medien im Bereich der Bildung, die Gefah­ren und der Machtmissbrauch im Umgang mit Datensammlung und -nutzung sowie die direkten Auswirkungen auf die Fachkräf­te der Sozialen Arbeit werden diskutiert.Dabei werden die Ri­siken durch Überwachung und Datensammlung kritisiert und die Alternativlosigkeit der Digi­talisierung, die einen Großteil der Gesellschaft tangiert, wird beleuchtet. Hierbei werden kontroverse Einschätzungen formuliert. Die wissenschaft­lichen Beiträge dieses Bandes bieten – unter Betrachtung der Aktualität – eine Grundlage zur Interessensbildung und Umset­zung medienpädagogischer Me­thoden.
Spies, Thomas, Kurt, Şeyda & Pötzsch, Holger (Hrsg.) (2024). Spiel*Kritik. Kritische Perspektiven auf Videospiele im Kapitalismus. Bielefeld: transcript. 332 S., 40,00 €.
Authors: Müller Marcus
Published: December 2024

Der Sammelband Spiel*Kritik von Spies, Kurt und Pötzsch führt mit den Kapiteln Erinnern, Arbeiten, Ermächtigen und Agitieren durch die Welt der Videospiele im Kapitalismus und beleuchtet die virtuellen Welten im Wechsel- spiel mit den realen Umständen, unter denen sie produziert, gespielt und erlebt werden. Der Spannungsbogen führt von einer historischen Betrachtung der Computerspiele, über die Darstellung von Arbeit in Computerspielen und den Arbeitsbedingungen der Spielentwickler*innen, über die Repräsentation von Minderheiten, bis hin zur Betrachtung von Handlungen inner- und außerhalb von Spielen.
In den Beiträgen soll Kritik im Anschluss an die Frankfurter Schule als ein Projekt verstanden werden, in dem Ideologien der Herrschenden analysiert und entschleiert werden, um alternative – beispielsweise feministische – Handlungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen. Den Herausgeber*innen geht es dabei darum „[…] Medienproduktion und -konsum in weiteren gesellschaftlichen Kontexten zu verorten und damit deren komplexe politische Rolle greifbar zu machen.“. Hierbei wird vorausgesetzt, dass Videospiele grundsätzlich dazu geeignet sind, politische Werte zu vermitteln und politische Themen zu verhandeln.
Viele Beiträge gehen von normativen Ansätzen aus und beanspruchen, Theorie und Praxis zu verbinden. In manchen Beiträgen ist eine Positionierung der Autor*innen erkennbar, welche mit Anregungen zu aktivem Handeln verbunden wird. So schreibt etwa Astrid Ensslin, dass sich aus ihrem Beitrag neue Analyse- ansätze und Gestaltungsoptionen ergäben, die „[…] sowohl dem Edutainment als auch dem politischen Aktivismus dienen.“ Thomas Spies schlägt vor, dass polizeiliche Gewalt bewusst sichtbar gemacht werden solle, um gegen ihre Unsichtbarkeit entgegenzuwirken.
Die Lektüre des Sammelbandes setzt ein gewisses Grundwissen über Videospiele voraus und ist für alle interessant, die mehr über die noch junge Disziplin der Game Studies erfahren wollen.
Economic Misery, Ecological Unsustainability, and the Remedial Responsibility of the Global Affluent
Authors: Iwaki Yukinori
Published: December 2024

The global affluent are contributing to and benefiting from the systemic cause of economic misery and ecological unsustainability. Some philosophers have invoked this relational point to discuss the responsibility of the affluent because by doing so, they assume, one can formulate a more compelling argument than non-relational arguments. This paper supports this relational strand by drawing upon David Miller’s theory of ‘remedial responsibility.’ Although Miller himself seems to deny the said relational point, this paper shall defend it based upon critical economic studies. The first section summarises Miller’s non-relational argument. The second section assesses it, and in the process develops what can be described as a ‘relational remedial theory of global justice.’ The third section discusses a few significant problems that this theory would encounter. Specifically, it argues that the establishment of a ‘cosmopolitan democracy,’ which would facilitate dialogues among global citizens, may serve to overcome those problems.
Can Rights be Enough?
Authors: Ploof Rebecca
Published: December 2024

The climate crisis is beset by depoliticization. Couched as an issue that experts must solve through technological or technocratic knowledge, discussion about how to address environmental degradation is not amenable to democratic action or dissensus. This paper argues that approaching climate change through a human rights framework risks reinscribing such depoliticization and that this is politically hazardous. Human rights discourse can impede the demos’ exercise of power, obscure exercises of hegemony, and, via a fixed notion of progress, discourage normative contestation. This discourse’s depoliticizing potential is further attested to by the debate over human rights’ relationship to the depoliticizing ideology of neoliberalism. Moreover, beyond the language of human rights, the larger legal phenomena of judicialization and juridification may further contribute to depoliticization.  Depoliticization is risky because it can provoke politicizing backlashes likely to issue, in the case of climate change, in antidemocratically nationalistic and authoritarian responses to the environmental emergency.
Constitutional Environmental Rights
Authors: Khadim Asmaa
Published: December 2024

Constitutional environmental rights provisions may be utilised to mitigate climate impacts either directly through climate litigation or indirectly through other types of environmental rights claims. Much of the focus in recent literature has been on climate litigation, so this article focuses on the climate mitigation prospects of the latter (i.e. non-climate cases). Examples from resource extraction, a major contributor to climate change, are used to demonstrate how this occurs through a discrete, case-by-case or project-by-project approach to address environmental harm from activities that contribute to climate change. The extent to which resource-producing nations have constitutionally entrenched environmental rights protection reveals new avenues for addressing climate change that may expand current understandings of the legal strategies that are available to public interest litigants. As this human rights-based approach gains momentum around the world, it has the potential to have a ‘snowball effect’ on a global scale that may complement other climate mitigation strategies.
Climate Litigation & Climate Justice
Authors: Bookman Sam , Petel Matthias
Published: December 2024

Human rights arguments have been successful before several domestic courts across Europe in imposing more ambitious action in cutting greenhouse gas emissions upon governments. Yet, the integration of climate justice concerns in those judicial decisions have been insufficiently studied. This paper seeks to contribute to such endeavor by analyzing the cases of Urgenda v. The Netherlands, Klimaatzaak v. Belgium and Neuebauer v. Germany against the climate justice framework. In Part One we set out our analytical framework. A climate justice approach acknowledges that climate mitigation, like the effects of climate change itself, is distributional in nature. In particular, climate justice highlights the unequal distribution of burdens and benefits across three dimensions: international (justice between states); intergenerational (justice between generations); and intragenerational (justice between social groups along socio-economic, racial and gender determinants). In Part Two, we offer a close reading of three key rights-based mitigation decisions to evaluate how judges have accounted for the various dimensions of climate justice. Detailing the contrasted approaches of climate justice in those decisions, we also point to a common reluctance to engage in intragenerational justice reflected in the failure to fashion rights-based obligations which take into account the inequalities across communities and social groups.
Human Rights and Climate Change
Authors: Belic Jelena , Wewerinke-Singh Margaretha , Meijers Tim
Published: December 2024

Since their recognition and institutionalization in the aftermath of World War II, human rights have been understood as protecting the fundamental interests of human beings worldwide against serious threats. Although the range of threats can be very broad, international human rights law has tended to focus on those that originate in actions or omissions of states concerning those whofind themselves under their jurisdiction. It will come as no surprise, then, that the major international human rights instruments, including the International Bill of Rights, make no references to environmental threats, which are often transboundary in nature. This special issue, comprising five contributions, sheds light on different aspects of such human rights evolving in response to the distinctive threat of anthropogenic climate change. The contributions address the range of issues that have been overlooked in philosophical and legal debates.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION EVALUATION OF SnSb ELECTRODEPOSITED COATINGS
Authors: C. Alcanfor Ana Aline , G. Sousa Natalia , S. Campos Othon , S. de Menezes Alan , S. de Oliveira Edipo , F. G. de Abreu Hamilton , N. S. Casciano Paulo , de Lima Neto Pedro , N. Correia Adriana
Published: December 2024

SnxSb(1−x) coatings were electrodeposited from 1ChCl:2EG on copper. The corrosion resistance of the electrodeposits was evaluated in 0.1 mol dm-3 of NaCl. The characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Voltammetric profiles showed that the electrodeposition potential shifted towards
less positive values with increasing Sb3+ concentration. SEM images revealed that the coatings exhibited grains and clusters. EDS analyses showed that the Sb content increased with the Sb3+ concentration. XRD results indicated the formation of the SbSn phases such as Cu2Sb, Cu6Sn5, and Cu6(Sn,Sb)5. The potentiodynamic polarization (PP) curves showed that Sn and Sn77Sb23 presented
a passive potential region, while Sn37Sb63 had an active dissolution in the electrolyte. Immersion tests were performed for 24 h and XRD results revealed Cu, Sn, SnO, SbSn and Sb2O4 phases. Considering 48 h, Cu, CuSn, SnO2 and SnSb phases were identified. The polarization resistance values of 4.60, 14.69 and 1.81 kΩ cm2 were achieved for Sn, Sn77Sb23, and Sn37Sb63, respectively. The EIS
results suggested that adding Sb3+ improves corrosion resistance for SnSb samples with higher Sn content. For Sn77Sb23, the charge transfer resistance was 10.5 kΩ cm2, for Sn and Sn37Sb63 1.15 and 1.46 kΩ cm2, respectively.
Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy: Competitive opinions and trends
Authors:   Dong-A University, Hiep Tran Xuan , Hoan Truong Quang ,   Vietnam Academic of Social Sciences, Kiet Le Hoang ,   Can Tho University
Published: December 2024

The emerging Indo-Pacific regional architecture is now considered to be a key factor in the fluctuations of world geopolitics and the main site of many power competitions. With its strategic, economic and commercial importance, the region has become the world’s hotbed of international confrontation and conflicts in the 21st century. Following a discussion of certain nations’ perspectives and responses to the free and open Indo-Pacific strategy, the article examines future cooperation tendencies in the free and open Indo-Pacific strategy, as well as evaluations of the plan’s impact on the region and the globe. The paper employs qualitative analysis methods, specifically international relations research methods, historical and logical methods, as well as comparative methods by surveying secondary data and academic literature to assess the strategic calculations and responses of the US, China, and India towards the Indo-Pacific region. The article comes to the conclusion that, with more and more active participation in the Indo-Pacific regional architecture, regional countries and organizations are enhancing their position, creating a balance in international relations in the region. The shaping of the structure of the Indo-Pacific region, as well as the tendency of competition among countries promises to create a new area of power competition, along with new institutions are being formed.
The European Union’s geopolitical turn and Central Asia as seen from the postcolonial perspective. Part I
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mazanik Sergey
Published: December 2024

The European Union’s geopolitical turn leads to a revision of the bloc’s external action, including towards Central Asia (CA). Based on a postcolonial approach that views colonization as a key structuring factor of contemporary international relations, and the method of discourse analysis, this study consisting of 2 separate publications clarifies how connectivity, which has become in the context of the geopolitical turn a priority of EU policy in Central Asia, affects the structure of the EU’s normative hegemony in the region as well as the Central Asian states’ normative agency. To set the stage for postcolonial analysis, Part I of this research traces the formation of a hierarchical normative structure in the experience of interaction between the European Union and Central Asian states before the geopolitical turn began. To this end, the models of EU normative influence central to this study are theorized — normative power Europe and resilience, then an analysis is carried out how Brussels, permanently positioning itself as a normative centre, changed its approach to the transfer of its norms in Central Asia, and finally, the functioning of the normative hegemony of the European Union is demonstrated, i. e., a situation in which the EU is recognized by Central Asian actors as an authoritative source of the normal. Part II of this research first outlines the basic principles of the postcolonial approach; further, taking into account the dialogic model adopted in postcolonial studies, an explanation is given of why the colonized is capable of not only submitting to the normative requirements of the colonizer, but also influencing the latter’s policy; in the final part of the study, the concept of EU connectivity is analyzed and a conclusion is drawn on how Central Asian states can strengthen their normative agency in relation to Brussels through participation in European connectivity projects.
The specifics of the materialization of the image in the poetic cycle “The Labyrinths of Echo” by Max Frei
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baranov Dmitry K.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the description of some aspects of Max Frei’s poetics. Both the features of mass and non-mass literature are clearly expressed in the author’s work. In Frei’s prose we see the interaction of different levels of the text. An analysis of the system of motives of the cycle “Labyrinths of Echo” demonstrates a close connection between the style of characters’ speech and the plots of books. According to Frei’s artistic creation concept, already described by the researchers, verbal and objective reality are equal in rights. As shown in the article, this concept receives an artistic justification due to the fact that any idiom, joke, occasional play on words can materialize in the of the depicted world. Two themes are particularly important in the structure of Max Frei’s artistic world. Firstly, we are talking about remarks that express doubts about the human nature of the main character. Secondly, we are talking about remarks in which the equality of books and life is postulated. These themes prepare the final plot twists of the “Labyrinths of Echo”, due to which the postmodernist blurring of the boundaries between textual and non-textual reality takes place.
The problem of misogyny in Sasha Cherny’s works
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Karpov Nikolai A.
Published: December 2024

The article explores in a new way the problem of misogyny in the works of Sasha Cherny,which caused certain literary disputes (for example, the writer’s misogyny was diagnosed by V. A. Prikhodko, he was opposed by A. S. Ivanov). The female images painted by the satirist in the most unattractive light (the poems “Poshlost’”, “Panurgova muza”, “Pskovskaia kolotovka”, etc.) do not indicate about misogyny as such, but, first of all, about some deep-seated psychological complexes. It can be assumed that turning to satire and humor plays a protective-compensatory role for the author (the protective function of humor was highlighted by S. Freud) and at the same time a psychotherapeutic role, becoming a kind of tool that can partially reduce the level of his personal pessimism and misanthropy. As for the repulsive female portraits, its origins have various biographical, psychological and socio-cultural backgrounds. The hero of Sasha Cherny is inclined to avoid relationships with women, rejects any sexual desires, the few attractive female images are practically deprived of the attributes of physicality. The place of a woman in the author’s picture of the world looks paradoxical: if a man embodies a weak principle, then a woman is strong, but disorganizing, chaotic; a woman often poses a threat to the usual course of life. At the same time, Sasha Cherny’s man, recognizing a woman as a stronger side, is the bearer of patriarchal ideas, according to which a woman should not go beyond traditional gender role; violation of these boundaries invariably causes internal tension and psychological discomfort in the hero.
Intertextuality in T. S. Eliot’s “Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats”: A post-structuralist approach
Authors:   University of Mosul, Habash Fadi Butrus K.
Published: December 2024

Intertextuality is one of the literary phenomena that has preoccupied structuralists and poststructuralists critics since 1960s. It is the technique of multi-levelled texts that have rhetorical, significantory, and textual facets. Previously critical studies of intertextuality in Eliot’s poems focused on his master-pieces like “The Waste Land” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, but they did not throw light on his “Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats”. This study is concerned with the aspects of the intertextuality in three selected poems of T. S. Eliot’s “Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats”. Its purpose is determining the semiotic meaning of such aspects as allusion, parody, quotations, and we try to appropriate and uncover their functions as well as to investigate their literary presuppositions in Eliot’s selected poems. The study falls into three sections: a theoretical introduction of intertextuality, intertextuality in Eliot’s three selected poems, and a conclusion. The three selected poems are entitled “The Naming of Cats”, “Old Deuteronomy”, and “Growltiger’s Last Stand”. The research employs the semiotic conceptions of intertextuality among Roland Barthes, Julia Kristeva, and Michael Riffaterre. It departs from the philosophical theory of the contemporary French Philosopher Gilles Deleuze, the theory of “ensemble”. To sum up, intertextuality in T. S. Eliot’s selected poems of Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats is featured by the employment of allusions, sayings and quotations. They convert the poetic text from its mimetic aspect to its semiotic one. Intertexuality in the three poems performs poetic and esthetic functions through its intertexts that are positioned in dialogical spaces. These intertexts accomplish the significance of the poetic texts on the heuristic and hermeneutic levels of reading through their sentences (matrices), ungrammaticalities, and literary utterances of rhetorical presuppositions.