bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The atheroprotective effects of Vitamin E in hypercholestrolemic male rabbits
Authors: Alsahlawi Zaid M , Ridha Mahdi M , Hadi Najah R
Published: November 2020

Background: Atherosclerosis remain as a major health problem occasioning early death in much of the world’s people. The ancestry of this diseases related to genetic influences and dietary improperly. The main sources of dietary cholesterol are eggs, meat, and milk products, which induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in some species of animals. Materials and Methods: Eighteen local domestic male rabbits will be randomly allocated into 3 groups, 6 in each Group: Group I (n = 6), control; Group II (n = 6), rabbits were receiving 1% cholesterol diet (induced untreated group); Group III (n = 6), 1% cholesterol-diet + Vitamin E (400 mg/kg daily orally). After zero time, four weeks and eight weeks of the study Blood samples were collected for lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lip protein and serum IL-6, serum high sensitive C-Reactive Protein hs-CRP, serum MCP-1 and serum HMG-box1. Results: Data of this present study has shown that, high fat diet diet caused an increase in serum level of, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG were increased and decrease serum level of HDL-C compared with the control group in the rabbits feed hyper cholesterolemic diet (P < 0.05). Histologically all induced-untreated rabbit showed increase aortic intima-media thickness (P < 0.05). Vitamin E treated cause significant change on lipid profile (P < 0.05) compared with the induced untreated group. in compared with induced untreated group (P < 0.05), Vitamin E showed significant the change in hs-CRP, IL-6, MCP-1 and HMG-box1.
Effect of DAP Fertilizer on Yield and Components of Soft Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Mater AL Fahdawi Hamada Muslih , Musleh Mohammed H.
Published: November 2020

Four cultivars of soft wheat (Abu Ghraib, IPA 99, Sham 6 and Al Ezz) were planted in sandy loam soil in one of the countryside of Ramadi in the two agricultural seasons 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The aim of the study was to know the growth and production of these cultivars under the influence of levels of DAP fertilizer (0, 100, 200 and 300) kg.h−1. The cultivars (main plot) and levels of fertilizer (Sub-plots). These factors (4×4) were input with design in RCBD at three replicates. The seeds were sown at a rate of 120 kg.h−1on the first half of December. The results showed that IPA 99 had the highest mean spike length by 12.8 and 12.4 cm and while the highest number of grains were 90.0 and 83.7 for each spike, which resulted in high grain yield 6.9 and 4.2 t.h−1which was non significantly different from the product of Abu Ghraib and Sham 6, which gave high rates of grain in both seasons. Sham 6 has the highest number of spike per square meter 484.8 and 469.3 spikes in both seasons. The addition of DAP fertilizer didn’t affect the length of spike, number of grains per spike and the weight of 1000 grains, while the effect of adding it significantly in the number of spikes per square meter and the grain yield. Adding the level of fertilizer 200 and 300 kg.h−1gave the highest rate of the number of spikes that reached (432.6, 436.7) in the first season and (437.5, 438.0) spike in the second season, as well as the highest equivalent of the grain yield of 6.7 and 4.1 t.h−1respectively. In conclusion cultivars varied in their productivity and showed an obvious response to the addition of DAP fertilizer, especially the addition of 200 kg.h−1, which is capable of processing the necessary nitrogen and phosphorus for the growth and production of wheat.
Evaluate the efficacy of Probiotic Lactobacilli on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolated from gingivitis
Authors: Hezam Abbas Mayar
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of Probiotic Lactobacilli against Streptococcus mutans isolates. A total of 13/52 (25%) S. mutans isolates were collected from patients suffering from gingivitis, which were identified using morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and PCR technique. Micro titer plate method was used to detect the biofilm formation in tested bacterial isolates by measuring optical density (OD) using ELISA reader at a wavelength 640 nm. The results revealed that only 10/13 (77%) isolates produced the biofilm. Based on the results obtained in this study, the isolates were classified according to their ability to the biofilm formation as follows: the isolates with thick biofilm (OD ≥ 0.300 nm), the isolates with moderate biofilm (OD 0.2-0.3 nm), the isolates with thin biofilm (OD 0.1-0.2 nm) and Non-productive isolates of biofilm (OD < 0.1 nm). On the other hand, the agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Probiotic Lactobacilli against the growth of bacterial isolates by measuring the inhibition zones around the wells containing of probiotics (50, 100 mg/ml and stock). The results indicate that inhibition zones of the tested isolates were weak at 50 mg/ml, moderate at 100 mg/ml and strong at stock solution. A modified crystal violet test in well micro-titer plates was used to detect the ability of isolates to the biofilm formation after treatment with various concentrations of Probiotic Lactobacilli by measuring optical density (OD). The results indicate a decrease in the ability of the tested isolates to the biofilm formation compared to control where the isolates treated with probiotics at 50 mg/ml formed a strong biofilm (OD 0.300 - 0.341 nm) and the isolates treated with probiotics at 100 mg/ml formed moderate biofilm (OD 0.209 - 0.263 nm), while the isolates treated with the stock solution of probiotics formed a thin biofilm (OD 0.144 - 0.198 nm). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that the Probiotic Lactobacilli have inhibitory effect on growth and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans isolates and the antibacterial activity of Probiotic Lactobacilli is increased with increasing concentration.
Biological Effective of crude secondary compounds of Leaves Datura innoxia in the Non-cumulative for mortality of Immature insect Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera : Culicidae)
Authors: Anon Mohamed Reda , Ali Adday Wassen
Published: November 2020

The present research evaluated the efficacy of crude secondary compounds (phenolic, terpenes and alkaline) respectively using concentrations(2000,1500,1000,500,250,100 ppm) For plant leaves Datura innoxia and their effect on the non-cumulative mortality of the immature stage of Culex quinquefaciatus Say mosquitoes where LC50 and LC90 by probit analysis were estimated The phenolic extract of the leaves D.innoxia plant was the most affected terpenes and alkaline in the non-cumulative mortality of the immature instar where LC50 for ppm 2089.89) (986.5, 1610.39, egg mortality was (phenolic, terpenes and alkaline) respectively. For the four larva linstar, the first larval instar were the most sensitive of the larval instar of all extracts where LC50(50.77, 97.23, 124.6, 164.4), (79.65, 113.9, 146.1, 227.18),(102.8, 133.65, 168.6, 331.07) for phenolic, terpenes and alkaline respectively. In instar pupa, the value of LC50 (186.3, 829.1, 1147.4)ppm for phenolic, terpenes and alkaline respectively.
Determination some virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) in Pantoea spp. isolated from hospitals of Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq
Authors: Abdulamir Athraa , Al-baaj Abdulrab , Khowman Al-Ramahy Syoof
Published: November 2020

Pantoea spp. is one of the opportunistic pathogens, which causes the spread of hospital infection due to its transformation from bacteria to plant organisms to human pathogenic bacteria. A total of 623 samples were collected and distributed as 483 samples of different clinical cases (77.52%) and 140 environmental samples (22.47%) from Diwaniyah city hospitals. The results showed that 24 isolates of pantoea spp.s had been confirmed using API-20E Polymerase chain reaction technology. The current study reported the presence of two types of pathogens for the Pantoea spp.: the first is Pantoea agglomerans and Pantoea calida in hospitals in the city of Diwaniyah. Pantoea agglomerans was occurring in the studied isolates at a higher rate (2.27%) than Pantoea calida. All isolates of Pantoea spp were tested for the prevalence of virulence genes (avrxacE2, avrxacEl, hrpG, acrAB) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The highest incidence of hrpG was recorded as 79.16%, followed by avraxacE2 gene were 13 (54.16%). The current study did not record any presence of the virulence genes (avrxacE1 acrAB) among the isolates of Pantoea spp.
Induction of Rhizophagy by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in roots of lettuce Lactuca sativa
Authors: Abdul Ameer Maha Ali , Nafea Hussein Hameed
Published: November 2020

This work is part of a scientific project that aims to study the effect of adding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth, productivity and nutritional value of two varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), planted in a hydroponic system. Here we extend experimental approaches to detect the Rhizophagy process induced by added S.cerevisiae to hydroponic nutritive solution. An Laboratory anatomical study was conducted to detect and investigate the occurrence of Rhizophagy phenomenon induced by yeast cells. Results showed that the yeast cells aggregate around the root cells of lettuce, and then enter the cells, followed by digestion and disappearance.
A physiological study of the effect of some food additives on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis in male albino rats
Authors: Alsudani Arjwan A , Alhamadawi Hussein A
Published: November 2020

This research was conducted to know the effect of food additives Carmoisine, Monosodium Glutamate, and Sodium Benzoate on hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis by measuring the level of some hormones (Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Testosterone Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) and biochemical parameters (Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione). The current study included 32 male albino rats distributed in four groups, each group contains 8 animals, and the dose lasted for two months. The first group administered the dose of normal drinking water, the second group carmoisine at a concentration of 250 mg/kg of body weight, the third group-administered Monosodium Glutamate at a concentration of 15 mg/kg of body weight and the fourth group dosed the Sodium Benzoate at a concentration of 15 mg/kg of body weight. The results of the current study showed a significant decrease in the level of concentration of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Testosterone Hormone (T) and Gonadotropin. Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in animal serum for groups treated with food additives (T1, T2, T3) compared to the control group(C1). Results as well as was shown a significant increase in the level of Malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione)in serum blood for group animals (T1, T2, T3) compared to control group (C1).
Hookah Smoking with Health Risk Perception of Different Types of Tobacco
Authors: Jamil H J , Albahri M R A , Al-Noor N H , Al-Noor T H , Heydari A R , Rajan A K , Arnetz J , Arnetz B , Tawfiq L N M
Published: November 2020

Hookah is a tobacco product that is gaining popularity in the United States and other countries, particularly among the youth. In this paper, we examine the perception of health risks of different types of tobacco use in comparison to hookah use among 671 participants respond to a survey conducted in Detroit Metropolitan Area, Michigan who never smoke or smoke “cigarette, hookah, both cigarette and hookah”; and determine whether smoking status influenced the perceived health risks of hookah smoking when compared to other forms of tobacco use. The survey had 43 questions including questions about demographics, socioeconomic status, health care, etc. All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 22. This study found that 44.1% of the participants believed that hookah was less harmful than each of the other tobacco products studied. Approximately 26% of cigarette smokers are likely to smoke hookah also. These findings emphasize the importance of spreading awareness about the health risks associated with hookah smoking and implementing strict laws for showing tobacco-related warnings in hookah advertisements and on the packets of hookah accessories given the increasing popularity of hookah, especially among the youth, in the United States.
Estimation the Virtual Water Content and the Virtual Water Transfer for Iraqi Wheat
Authors: Ewaid Salam Hussein , Abed Salwan Ali , Abbas Abtisam Jasim , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: November 2020

The amounts of clean waters on our planet are limited by global climate change, growing population, and pollutant rates. Therefore it is important to use more effective water management strategies. The methodology of water footprint (WF) analyzes, directly and indirectly, the blue, green and gray components of water (consumed and polluted). It is also possible to calculate the virtual water contents (VWC) behind the products. In terms of the sustainability and efficiency of freshwater resources, particularly in water-scarce regions, the approach to WF contributes towards water management studies and the analysis of the total water used in the import and export products supply chain. The VWC approach provided new insights into international water transfers that give water an economic value. The objective of this research is to help to build the national water management and sustainable development strategy. In this sense, it was measured separately the WF of the imported quantities of wheat. Virtual water flow was identified in the most important countries. Savings and losses arising from wheat trading on national and global water were also noted and addressed. It was found that in 2019, the wheat WF was 1876 m3/ton of water, WF of production was 8,147,468,000 m3/year and for import was 1,184,007,630 m3/year. From importing wheat, Iraq saved 46,672,673 m3 of water but there is no global water saving.
Measurement of radioactive contamination in some oil sites in Nineveh
Authors: Yousufx Rasheed Mahmood
Published: November 2020

Five locations have been chosen within the oil field of the oil wells area at the Qayyarah region in Iraq. Soil samples were collected from the surface of the earth up to a depth of 10 cm. Radiation levels in the samples were measured by the Gamma spectroscopy technique using the NaI (Tl) detector applying the measurement procedure used by Yousuf and Abdulla (1, 2).

Results in this research include the radiation levels of (226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs) such that the results include specific activity, (Raeq), dose rate D(n Gy h−1), absorption dose in air D (μSv h−1)

, External hazard Index (Hex), Internal risk index (Hin), Level index of Gamma (Iϒ) and Level index of alpha radiation hazard (Iα).
Study of excitation energies and transmission potential of the reduced quadruple B (E2) for the 70Zn isotope by applying the nuclear shell model
Authors: Hamidi Abbas M. , Obeed Fatema H.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the excited energy levels and reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓) in both pure and mixed configuration s of 70Zn nucleus have been calculated by applying the nuclear shell model. In the present study, the surface delta and modified surface delta interactions within the model space (1p3/2,0f5/2, 1p1/2 and 0g9/2) have been used for two protons outside the closed nuclear core represented by the 68Ni nucleus. The equations are programmed for the above two interactions and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓) equations using the Fortran version 95. Through the used Fortran version 95 program code, the elements of the matrix have been calculated for two particles which are necessary to calculate the eigenvalues, the eigenvectors and then the final energies of the nucleus that has been used in the current study. Through the calculations, theoretical results that have well agreement with the available practical values have been obtained. The total angular momentum and parity of some uncertain and unspecified energy levels have been confirmed and determined by the total angular momentum and the practical parity. Also, new values have been identified for both the excited energy levels and the reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities (BE2 ↓), these values are considered as a suggestion that increases theoretical knowledge of each of the energy levels and the expected transition probabilities during this study.
Coefficient Estimates for Subclass of Analytic Function Using Quasi-Subordination
Authors: Sabah Teba R. , Juma Abdul Rahman S.
Published: November 2020

The main aim of the present paper is to introduce some subclasses of analytic univalent function in U = {z: |z| < 1} the concept of Quasi-Subordination, the estimates of the Fekete-Szego coefficient function

|

c
3

−
σ

c
2
2

|

for functions belonging to these subclasses are obtained.
Implications of the timing of residential natural gas use for appliance electrification efforts
Authors: Daniel Fournier Eric , Cudd Robert , Federico Felicia , Pincetl Stephanie
Published: November 2020

Current strategies for deep decarbonization of the residential building sector invoke the following three pillars of action: (1) radically improve the efficiency of end-use electricity consumption, (2) shift to 100% renewable generation of electrical grid power, and (3) move aggressively to electrify all remaining fossil fuel end-uses. Due to the previous unavailability of high temporal resolution natural gas consumption data, the pursuit of this policy agenda has largely occurred in the absence of a thorough understanding of hourly variations in the intensity of household natural gas use. These variations can have important downstream impacts on the electricity system once electrification has been achieved. This study presents a series of analyses which are based upon a novel dataset of hourly interval natural consumption data obtained for (N = 17,072) households located within a low-income portion of Southern California Gas Company’s service territory. Results indicate that diurnal patterns of hourly natural gas use largely coincide with the timing of daily peak electricity loads. These findings suggest that the aggressive electrification of residential end-use appliances has the potential to exacerbate daily peak electricity demand, increase total household expenditures on energy, and, in the absence of a fully decarbonized electrical grid, likely result in only limited greenhouse gas emissions abatement benefits.
Integrating energy access, efficiency and renewable energy policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a model-based analysis
Authors: Dagnachew Anteneh G , Poblete-Cazenave Miguel , Pachauri Shonali , Hof Andries F , van Ruijven Bas , van Vuuren Detlef P
Published: November 2020

The role of energy in social and economic development is recognised by sustainable development goal 7 that targets three aspects of energy access: ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services, substantially increase the share of renewable energy, and double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency. With the projected increase in population, income and energy access in sub-Saharan Africa, demand for energy services is expected to increase. This increase can be met through increasing the supply while at the same time improving households’ energy efficiency. In this paper, we explore the interactions between the three SDG7 targets by applying two integrated assessment models, IMAGE and MESSAGE, that incorporate socio-economic heterogeneity of the end-user. The results of the study depict the synergistic relationships between the three SDG7 objectives. Relative to pursuing only the universal access target, integration of all three targets could (a) reduce residential final energy consumption by up to 25%, enabling the use of mini-grid and stand-alone systems to provide better energy services, (b) cut annual energy-use-related residential emissions by a third, and (c) lower energy related investments by up to 30% to save scarce finance.
From two-dimensional (super-integrable) quantum dynamics to (super-integrable) three-body dynamics
Authors: Turbiner Alexander V , Miller Willard , Escobar-Ruiz M A
Published: November 2020

It is shown that planar quantum dynamics can be related to three-body quantum dynamics in the space of relative motion with a special class of potentials. As an important special case the O(d) symmetry reduction from d degrees of freedom to one degree is presented. A link between two-dimensional (super-integrable) systems and three-body (super-integrable) systems is revealed. As illustration we present number of examples. We demonstrate that the celebrated Calogero–Wolfes three-body potential has a unique property: two-dimensional quantum dynamics coincides with three-body quantum dynamics on the line at d = 1; it is governed by the Tremblay–Turbiner–Winternitz potential for parameter k = 3.
Pollution from Non-Biodegradable Electrical Wastes: Risk Analysis of Lead (Pb) Contaminants
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Aimudo O.
Published: November 2020

Multi-pollutions from e-wastes are potential source of epidemic in the nearest future. This research considers the main component of e-waste i.e. lead (Pb) contaminants. The analysis of lead contaminants from some devices was used to calculate the risk analysis on four classes of persons. It was observed that the elderly, children, and landfill workers are the most vulnerable class of persons to lead contaminants. The risk analysis on the ecosystem was also carried using the ERICA 1.3 software. It was observed that agricultural production may suffer lower farm yield and there will be high susceptibility to health issues as there will be about a 15-50% decrease of peripheral blood cells in humans.
Modeling Indoor Bioaerosols Dispersion Pattern Using the First Principle: A Case Study of One Bedroom Apartment
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Ojo O.A.
Published: November 2020

Indoor bioaerosols dispersion within a building depends on certain conditions that make the apartment experience various deposition patterns. This challenge makes bioaerosols monitoring a very difficult exercise. In this study, mathematical experimentation was carried out in a one-bedroom apartment to investigate bioaerosols dispersion patterns in each compartment of the building. It was discovered that if the building is well ventilated either by the switching-on of a fan or air conditioner, turbulence dispersion would be observed in one of the compartments of the building and may lead to prolonged suspension of particulates within the building. Hence, bioaerosols retention in the building depends on the magnitude of the first-order rate constant for emission.
Characterization of Powdered Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Crown Leaves as Adsorbent for Crystal Violet in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Nieva A.D. , Avena L.G.S. , Pascual M.A.M. , Pamintuan K.R.S.
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the potential of powdered pineapple crown leaves (PCL) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution using batch and column studies. The PCL was simply washed, dried, and powdered prior to adsorption. FTIR analysis of PCL surface before and after adsorption revealed that hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups are among the groups responsible for surface bonding with CV. SEM photographs of the adsorbent before and after revealed clumping on the surface of PCL, possibly indicating the sites where CV had been adsorbed. Elemental analyses through XRF revealed that K+ ion is a major part of PCL, and this could explain the affinity of CV for PCL through cation-π interactions. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of biosorbent dose and initial dye concentration. The %removal of PC increased as biosorbent dose was increased, but the biosorbent capacity decreased. This was attributed to scattering of CV to more active sites in PCL. Biosorbent capacity increased as the initial dye concentration was increased, while %removal decreased. This was due to the faster saturation of the substrate. For equilibrium studies, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied. The equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 6.4935 mg/g. The relatively high maximum biosorption capacity coupled with the absence of chemical treatment needed before adsorption makes PCL an effective and sustainable biosorbent for the removal of CV.
Utilization of Pandan Leaf Fibers (Pandanus simplex merr.) for the Production of Paper
Authors: Juliano Michael Angelo L , Tayo Lemmuel L
Published: November 2020

One of the main consumers of natural resources and energy is the paper industry. Wood is the conventional raw material in the producing pulp and paper around the world. The dependence on timber material to produce paper has led to the severe deforestation and greatly affected the ecosystem’s flora and fauna. With the increasing demand for paper, efforts are being made to find non-timber materials for paper production. Pandanus simplex merr. is a Pandanus species that is endemic to the Philippines and the amount of agricultural waste materials from its leaves being used for weaving contributes to solid wastes. In this study, we investigate the production of paper sheets from Pandanus simplex merr. leaf fibers and determine the effect of the pulping concentration to the tensile properties of the paper sheet made. The paper sample made using a 5% w/v NaOH pulping solution had the highest tensile index of 2.234 Nm g−1, tear index of 8.46 mN m2 g−1, and average pore size 29.094 μm. The paper sheets produced showed potential as a sorbent material and can be used as an alternative to wood source in producing pulp and paper.
Climatic Records to Aid Urban Planning and Improvement of Thermal Comfort in Buildings: A Case Study on Agege-Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Henmaugo T. P. , Afolalu S.A. , Abodunrin J.T. , Banjo S.O.
Published: November 2020

The thermal comfort in a building enables the spread of communicable diseases or initiate skin irritations amongst others. Most models on thermal comfort have proven to be localized in the application, as thermal comfort depends on the climatic condition over a geographical area. Based on the above, there is the need to adopt the local method to understand the thermal comfort indexes in Agege. Thirty-nine years dataset (1980-2018) of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction was obtained from MERRA-NASA database for Agege, Lagos Nigeria. The dataset was divided into early dry season (i.e. September, October, November- SON), late dry season (i.e. December, January February-DJF), early wet season (i.e. March, April, May – MAM) and late wet season (i.e. June, July, August-JJA). It was observed that the effect of climate change was significant. Hence, it is recommended that the inhabitants of the area should go green by planting trees and shrubs. Also, there is a need to modify the urban plan to decongest the area.
3D anisotropic Ising model with Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Elidrysy A. , Harir S. , Zouhair A. , Boughaleb Y
Published: November 2020

Magnetization, susceptibility and Curie temperature of 3D anisotropic Ising model for ½ spins system have been investigated by making use of the Monte Carlo simulation. The considered model is parametrized by exchange interaction parameter J, anisotropy parameter γ. The obtained results allowed us to show that for strong coupling case in z axis (γ > 1), the critical temperature is widely to the conventional value of the 3D materials (Tc
= 6,32J).Thus, an optimal integration of interplanar atoms in z-axis can generate materials that retain the ferromagnetic property even at high temperature.
Numerical Study Of Water Circulation In Shallow Basin Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Machrouhi K. , Charafi M. M. , Hasnaoui A.
Published: November 2020

In the present work, a code based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed to study the hydrodynamic field in a shallow basin with complicated geometry. It is a non-regular border basin with dikes built inside. The LBM method was therefore used to solve the Navier Stokes equations with boundary conditions which express that the components of the horizontal two-dimensional velocity field are zero at closed boundaries (sealing and non-slip conditions), while the flow is imposed at the entrance of the basin, and a zero speed gradient is imposed at the free exit of the basin (condition of continuity of the flow). The validation of the developed code was verified by comparing the results obtained with those of Charafi et al. [5], where the finite difference method with a MacCormack scheme was used. A good agreement of the results was noted. A series of simulations was made for different values of the Reynolds number, and showed good performance of the code. The main advantage of the LBM method seen in this work lies in the simplicity of its implementation. However, the model suffers from some limitations such as its validity for low Reynolds numbers (Re = 400)
New analytical expressions of photovoltaic solar module physical parameters: Effects of module temperature and incident solar irradiance
Authors: El Achouby H , Zaimi M , Ibral A , Zegoudi O , Assaid E M
Published: November 2020

In this work, we present three methods to extract model physical parameters of a photovoltaic solar module modelled by a single-diode electronic circuit. The model physical parameters we are looking for are photocurrent Iph
, saturation current Is
, ideality factor η, series resistance Rs
and shunt conductance Gp
. The first method is based on exact solution of module characteristic equation, the second one uses exact expression of dynamic conductance and the third one makes use of exact expression of the integral of translated current-voltage characteristics (I-Isc
). In all these extraction methods, we achieve numerical fitting of experimental data of output current, differential conductance and area under translated characteristics with suitable analytical expressions to get model physical parameters at standard test conditions (STC). Then, we assume these values as initial conditions and derive exact analytical expressions reporting effects of module temperature and incident solar irradiance on photocurrent, saturation current and ideality factor using temperature coefficients provided as well as irradiance coefficients extracted from module manufacturer datasheet. We examine new analytical expressions of model physical parameters in the case of Shell SQ80 photovoltaic solar module at arbitrary operating conditions of module temperature and solar irradiance. We evidence good agreement between experimental characteristics and forecasted analytical characteristics generated by new analytical expressions.
Molecular-Dynamics Study Of Self-Diffusion: Of The Au4;Au4/Ag(110) System
Authors: Eddiai F. , Dardouri M. , El Azrak H. , Hassani A. , Sbiaai K. , Hassnaoui A.
Published: November 2020

In this work, we will shed light on the results obtained from the molecular dynamics method in the temperature ranging of 300-700K. This investigation concerning the coalescence for the two tetramers islands of system having different forms (SS, TT and NN) deposited at different spacing sites in-channel and cross-channel. The stability of the systems, the diffusion phenomena produced during the dynamics, as well as the diffusion/coalescence lifetime during the evolution of temperature are dependent. The dynamic study shows that between 450K and 650K the homogeneous partial coalescence occurs through the mechanism of the jump. As time goes by increasing the temperature which favors the process of exchange the heterogeneous total coalescence is obtained.
Investigation of a solid formed on the electrode surface of a damaged supercapacitor in order to determine the ageing process
Authors: Erradi A. , Touhtouh S. , El Ballouti A. , Hajjaji A.
Published: November 2020

Supercapacitors are important energy storage devices with high power and long life. But they always age much faster than expected by some mechanisms. In addition, despite considerable efforts to understand these mechanisms, there is still a lack of a clear picture of the parasitic reactions that occur in operating devices. Therefore, in this work, based on an experimental study of a damaged supercapacitor, we analyzed a white powder occurring on the surface of the electrodes due to aging. The identification of the elements of this powder is carried out by X-ray diffraction, 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results obtained allow us to determine the causes of ageing and thus to understand their mechanisms.
Extraction of the natural indigo carmine pigment from the Isatis plant, characterization and dyeing of wool
Authors: Raji Y , Mechnou I , Yassine W , Kadri Z , Oumghar K , Cherkaoui O , Zyade S
Published: November 2020

Natural indigo is hardly used anymore, replaced by synthetic indigo. Considered to be more powerful and more intense. The aim of this study is to optimize the method of extracting indigo carmine from the Isatis plant located in the Timhdit region of Morocco, during the fermentation period of the extracted liquid (pH = 10) and by adding 10% sugar it was possible to increase the yield by 0.5% indigo carmine blue powder to 0.9%. The main effect of applying centrifugation at 7000 rpm instead of conventional filtration is the reduction of the time from 30 min to 5 min as well as the reduction of the loss of traces of indigo in the filter papers by easily recovering the blue powder in the form of sediment in the centrifuge tubes. The extracted pigment is characterized by the infrared which confirmed the structure of the indigo carmine obtained, by visible UV spectroscopy, the maximum absorption of which is approximately 598 nm. This blue pigment was applied to the wool fibres by optimizing the dyeing procedure (T = 50 ° C and pH=10) with a 1/100 bath ratio and a 35 min soaking time. Dyed wool sample has reached a rigid fixation confirmed by the test for fastness washing 105-C06 and to friction 105 -X12.
Pedestrian crossing system for the mechanical energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials
Authors: Malki Zakaria , Ennawaoui Chouaib , Hajjaji Abdelowahed , Najihi Ikram , Eljouad Mohamed , Boughaleb Yahia
Published: November 2020

In recent years, researchers have been developing solutions to reduce our energy consumption by optimizing existing systems in different ways. Indeed, it is not enough just to create or use renewable energies but we must also not waste the available energy. This and systems are developed to recover unused energy of human body movement, which will be used to power either the equipment itself or another.

This paper proposes a pressure-type generator that collects human mechanical energy by stepping, a prototype is already designed and manufactured. The average output voltage can reach to 20.9 V by step for F = 100N,and finally, we did a series of tests to prove that the device can have great power output performance in the low frequency environment of the human foot movement.
Influence of liquid nitriding on the properties of the electric steel 10
Authors: Korotkov V A , Isakov D V
Published: November 2020

Liquid nitriding (carbonitriding) effect on hardness, wear resistance and magnetic properties of electric steel grade 10 is reviewed here, as well as on the electric contact resistance. It was found that hot-rolled steel 10 loses its hardness as a result of annealing. Surface carbonitriding of specimens generates an improved layer of higher hardness, high wear resistance and increased electrical resistance. The specimens carbonitrided have contact electric resistance higher than that of hot-rolled specimens after descaling. The magnetic permeability of ‘grade 10’ steel does not practically change after annealing and carbonitriding, while the magnetic permeability corresponds to the magnetic field strength in a very typical way with typical parameters for carbon steels. Traditional methods of processing electrical steels, carried out in order to achieve such a complex effect, combine heterogeneous processes, such as electroplating, vacuum, plasma, high - temperature annealing, coating-are very expensive and difficult to implement. Carbonitration is more accessible for practical use and has a significantly lower cost. The results obtained can be used in the design of magnetic circuits for various electric devices.
Kinetics of vanadium reduction from slags by solid carbon
Authors: Klimov A V
Published: November 2020

The laboratory investigation results of the vanadium reduction are presented. Experiments were performed with CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO–V2O3 slags in an air atmosphere. The solid carbon was used as a reducing agent. The reduction kinetics was studied by sampling. It has been shown that reduction proceeds to VC carbide. The process rate is inversely proportional to the slag viscosity. The formation of a carbide film on the carbon surface leads to a sudden, by an order of magnitude, reduction in the rate. The process of vanadium reduction from oxide melts by solid carbon is electrochemical in nature and is limited by the stage of carbon anodic oxidation. The influence of slag viscosity on the process kinetics is explained by the fact that it is controlled by the growth rate and removal of gas bubbles. The appearance of the carbide film, apparently, transfers the reduction process into the intra diffusion mode, when the transfer of carbon and vanadium through the carbide film is limiting.
Modelling of the thermal state and the melting loss of a graphite electrode in the conditions of the evaporative cooling in the arc furnace
Authors: Bystrov M V , Yachikov I M , Portnova I V
Published: November 2020

The cost of the graphite electrodes amounts greater proportion in the final value of the finished product. This calls for finding opportunities to reduce the maintenance costs of AC and DC furnaces used in foundries. The aim of the study is the creation of a mathematical model and the analysis of the efficiency of the evaporative cooling method in reducing the amount of the graphite electrodes used in small capacity arc furnaces. The mathematical model and the computer program allow determining the thermal state of the electrode and the melting loss of the graphite, the model is developed for a primarily cylindrical electrode and takes into account: the current passing through an electrode, the time of the electrode being in the electrified furnace, and the parameters of the water evaporative cooling. The paper presents the received data about the melting loss of the graphite per ton of steel against the water consumption during the evaporative cooling. The graphite consumption in the arc furnaces of 10–12 tons’ capacity is reduced by 40 %. The recommended water consumption for the evaporative cooling of electrodes for all types of foundry furnaces is 0.1–0.2 m3/h.
Improving the production technology of drilling and blasting operations by blasting of high ledges
Authors: Ugolnikov N V , Domozhirov D V , Karaulov N G , Prochorov A A
Published: November 2020

In modern economic conditions, the issue of improving the efficiency of mining enterprises is very relevant. One of the key processes isdrilling and blasting operations (DBO), which determine the efficiency of the entire complex of mining operations. One of the main methods of controlling the explosion energy is the diameter of the blast wells. According to the recommendations of prof. B N Kutuzov the diameter of blast wells is correlated with the fracturing and strength of the exploding rocks. With increasing blockage and rock strength to achieve the required quality of explosive crushing preference is given to drilling equipment with a small diameter of wells. By blasting of high ledges, especially large-block rocks with a strength coefficient of more than 15 on the M M Protodyakonov scale; the use of high-performance drilling equipment for drilling small-diameter blast wells is difficult. This is due to the fact that the calculated value of the resistance line along sole (RLAS) does not pass the safety condition for drilling the first row of wells. In this regard, the paper proposes and justifies the use of extensions of the lower parts of wells using mechanical expanders.
Prospects for the use of peat in metallurgy
Authors: Ykonovskaya T B , Zhigulskaya A I
Published: November 2020

A large number of metallurgical industry enterprises in the regions of Russia mainly use imported and rather expensive coking coal or natural gas for steelmaking. However, almost all regions of Russia have large reserves of peat, which can replace expensive hydrocarbon raw materials in metallurgical processes. For this reason, the use of peat raw materials (briquette, piece) in metallurgy is of scientific and practical interest. The properties of peat briquettes and pellets in the process of pyrometallurgical processing are set by the methods and technological parameters of their preparation. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the type and quality properties of peat on the technological process of recovering peat compositions prepared on the basis of iron ore from the Bakchinsky deposit. Peat of the Vasyugan peat massif was used for the production of peat melting compositions. Experimental data showed that, for peat compositions, low-ash peat on the watershed is suitable. The use of peat melting compositions allows us to solve the problem of the return of ore dust and substandard ore in the smelting processes and thereby develop a rational low-waste technology.
The effect of enrichment on quartz sand properties
Authors: Mufteeva L F , Pavlova I A , Farafontova E P
Published: November 2020

The technological properties of quartz sand (without and after enrichment) by methods of emission spectral analysis, petrography, and X-ray phase analysis are investigated. The studied sand is a waste after extraction of titanium-containing components from raw materials. It is shown that the enrichment of quartz sand expands the field of its application. It has been established that quartz sand can be used as a filler of heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concrete, mortar, and the preparation of dry construction mixtures. Also, sand can be claimed as a raw material component to produce ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, glazed ceramic products, wall ceramics, as well as proppants. Hydraulic enrichment leads to a decrease in the content of clay particles in the sand, which allows it to be used also for the construction of bases and coatings of roads and airfields. The integrated use of raw materials and waste allows solving the problem of creating non-waste and environmentally friendly technologies, which ensures the saving of natural raw materials, and on the other hand, allows it to be disposed of, improving the environmental situation.
The use of regression models to describe the temperature coefficient values of linear expansion and technological temperatures of CaSO4-KPO3-Na2B4O7 low-melting glass system
Authors: Stolbovsky A
Published: November 2020

Low-melting noncrystallizing glasses are used as solders for connections of various metallic and nonmetallic parts. However, theoretical data on glass formation and physical parameters of low-melting glasses are still limited. The use of modelling allows to simplify the selection of a glass system as a solder by the mathematical description of the dependencies of both that the temperature coefficient values of linear expansion and other specific temperatures, which are necessary for a practical application. Therefore, the fourth-order regression polynomial models are offered for describing dependences of the temperature coefficient values of linear expansion, the softening temperature and the glass transition temperature from the component concentrations of the CaSO4-KPO3-Na2B4O7 low-melting glass system in the glass formation region. The model involver both pair and ternary interactions of the glass system’s components. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the concentration of the CaSO4 component has the highest effect on the temperature coefficient values of linear expansion.
Scaling resistance of deposited metal by flux-cored wire 30N8Kh6M3STYu
Authors: Eremin E N , Losev A S , Ponomarev I A , Borodikhin S A , Matalasova A E
Published: November 2020

The scaling resistance of a coating deposited by a flux-cored wire 30N8X6M3STYu subjected to surface oxidation at a temperature of 900 °C was studied. It was established that the main increase in the mass of scale for a given metal occurs in the first hours, and later this dependence is almost straightforward. The average weight gain of the metal scale of such a coating at 900 °C is 0.002 kg/(m2·h), which is 16.5 times less than that of 30Kh2V8F steel. An X-ray analysis of a metal of the composition 30N8X6M3STYu showed that the scale consists not only of the oxide phase, but also of the remnants of non-oxidized grains of solid solution, nitrides and carbides. It was found that the basis of scale, along with hematite Fe2O3, magnetite Fe3O4, are various compounds of the main alloying elements such as Cr2FeO4, Fe2NiO4 and Fe3N, which have good protective properties. The results show that the coating of steel 30N8Kh6M3STYu can be used for applying on the surface of parts operating at high temperatures.
Method analysis of surveying of mineral storages in open-pit mining
Authors: Romanko E A , Domozhirov D V , Kolesatova O S , Litvinenko N V
Published: November 2020

The final products of mining enterprises are stored in open or closed areas-mineral storages. The duties of the surveyor service include monitoring of the volume of mineral, which is placed in storage. Requirements for the method of shooting and the accuracy of the received results are regulated by normative documents. Taking into account the introduction into production of modern geodetic technology survey of storage can be realized both methods of classical geodesy (the method of perpendiculars, total station survey) and with the use of GPS receivers, scanning laser systems, unmanned aerial vehicles or drones. In the article is given brief characteristic of specified survey methods and possible scope of their use. Based on the characteristic features of the storage: its form and type and taking into account possible method of measurement production (automated, non-automated) was developed method of selecting of survey. So, on the example of the open transshipment ore storage taking into account its form – medium and type – open and predominant use of automated methods of measurement production are survey methods recommended. Based on the results of the calculation of the storage volume was made the conclusion about compliance of received results with requirement of normative documents.
Synthetic raw materials - possibility to increase refractory materials resistance
Authors: Zemlyanoi K G , Khafizova A R
Published: November 2020

The analysis of refractory materials and factors groups destruction types causing these destructions during operation of refractory materials is presented. One of the reasons preventing further increase of refractory resistance is shown to be natural barrier of impurities presence in natural raw materials for refractory production. Disclosed is a method for natural and/or man-made raw materials deeper enrichment by hydrochemical processing methods. This work is devoted to the chemical synthesis of raw materials enrichment for the production of refractory materials with increased resistance. The studies were carried out with the aim of developing a technology for producing high-purity aluminum powders with high physical and mechanical properties using raw materials from the Ural field and metakaolinite to produce high-purity alumina from aluminum sulfate. Thus, the authors tested the technology of complex processing of industrial and/or natural aluminosilicate materials waste using an extractable leaching solution of sulfuric acid - an ammonium hydrosulfate solution.