bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China
Authors: Meng Xianyong , Zhang Xuesong , Yang Mingxiang , Wang Hao , Chen Ji , Pan Zhihua , Wu Yiping
Published: October 2019

The temporal and spatial differentiation of the underlying surface in East Asia is complex. Due to a lack of meteorological observation data, human cognition and understanding of the surface processes (runoff, snowmelt, soil moisture, water production, etc.) in the area have been greatly limited. With the Heihe River Basin, a poorly gauged region in the cold region of Western China, selected as the study area, three meteorological datasets are evaluated for their suitability to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT): China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Traditional Weather Station (TWS). Resultingly, (1) the runoff output of CMADS + SWAT mode is generally better than that of the other two modes (CFSR + SWAT and TWS + SWAT) and the monthly and daily Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of the CMADS + SWAT mode are 0.75–0.95 and 0.58–0.77, respectively; (2) the CMADS + SWAT and TWS + SWAT results were fairly similar to the actual data (especially for precipitation and evaporation), with the results produced by CMADS + SWAT lower than those produced by TWS + SWAT; (3) the CMADS + SWAT mode has a greater ability to reproduce water balance than the other two modes. Overestimation of CFSR precipitation results in greater error impact on the uncertainty output of the model, whereas the performances of CMADS and TWS are more similar. This study addresses the gap in the study of surface processes by CMADS users in Western China and provides an important scientific basis for analyzing poorly gauged regions in East Asia.
Improved Water Services Cooperation through Clarification of Rules and Roles
Authors: Inha Laura M. , Katko Tapio S. , Rajala Riikka P.
Published: October 2019

Water services face global challenges, many of which are institutional by nature. While technical solutions may suit several situations, institutional frameworks are likely to vary more. On the basis of constructive research approach and new institutional economics we analyze and illustrate water services and the roles of various water sector actors in Finnish water utility setting using the “soccer analogy” by the Nobel Laureate D.C. North: Institutions are the “formal and informal rules of the game” while organizations are the “players”. Additionally, we assess the Finnish water governance system and discuss issues of scale and fragmentation and distinguish terms water provision and production. Finally, we elaborate the limitations of the soccer analogy to water services through ownership of the systems. According to the soccer analogy, inclusive institutional development requires skillful players (competent staff), team play (collaboration), proper coaching (education), supporters (citizens, media), managers (policymakers), and referees (authorities). We argue that institutional diversity and player/stakeholder collaboration are the foundation for enhancing good multi-level water governance, and that water management, although fragmented, should be seen as a connector of different sectors. For successful outcomes, scientific results should be communicated to public in more common language.
Sorption Properties of the Bottom Sediment of a Lake Restored by Phosphorus Inactivation Method 15 Years after the Termination of Lake Restoration Procedures
Authors: Augustyniak Renata , Grochowska Jolanta , Łopata Michał , Parszuto Katarzyna , Tandyrak Renata , Tunowski Jacek
Published: October 2019

Artificial mixing and phosphorus inactivation methods using aluminum compounds are among the most popular lake restoration methods. Długie Lake (Olsztyńskie Lakeland, Poland) was restored using these two methods. Primarily, P precipitation and inactivation methods significantly increased the sorption properties of Długie Lake bottom sediment. Fifteen years after the termination of the restoration procedure, the alum-modified “active” sediment layer still has higher P adsorption abilities, which can limit P internal loading. Relatively low amounts of phosphates in the near-bottom water of Długie Lake, even in anoxia, as well as the fact that the assessed maximum sediment P sorption capacity is still higher than NH4Cl–P (labile P) and BD–P (Fe-bound P) sum (“native exchangeable P”), confirm that hypothesis. Among the tested P adsorption models for the sediment, the double Langmuir model showed the best fit to the experimental data (the highest R2 values). This may indicate that phosphorus adsorption by the tested sediments most likely occurs through phosphate binding at two types of active sorption sites. P adsorption by the studied lake sediment during experiments was significantly connected to aluminum content in sediment. The research into the adsorption properties of sediment can be used as a tool for the evaluation of lake restoration effects.
Water Users Associations in Tanzania: Local Governance for Whom?
Authors: Richards Nathalie
Published: October 2019

In order to implement Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) according to good practice, governments and development agencies have promoted the setting-up of Water Users Associations (WUAs) as a broadly applicable model for water management at the local level. WUAs are promoted as key to the rolling out of IWRM principles through a participative process. Using intensive qualitative data, this paper discusses Tanzanian WUAs in light of the Regulatory Framework within which they operate. I argue that although the government’s objectives are to achieve an equitable and sustainable allocation of water resources, the formalisation of water allocation has led to the exclusion of specific water users. This paper focuses on the Great Ruaha River Catchment (GRRC), where water scarcity has led to competition between investors and small-scale water users. The GRRC is an environment in which formal and informal practices overlap, due to legal pluralism and the incremental implementation of water governance frameworks. This study calls for a reassessment of the role of WUAs in Tanzania. There is a clear gap between the theoretical clarity of tasks handed to WUAs (particularly their role in formalising access to water), and the messiness of everyday practice.
Quantify Piston and Preferential Water Flow in Deep Soil Using Cl− and Soil Water Profiles in Deforested Apple Orchards on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Si Bingcheng , Li Huijie , Li Min
Published: October 2019

Piston and preferential water flow are viewed as the two dominant water transport mechanisms regulating terrestrial water and solute cycles. However, it is difficult to accurately separate the two water flow patterns because preferential flow is not easy to capture directly in field environments. In this study, we take advantage of the afforestation induced desiccated deep soil, and directly quantify piston and preferential water flow using chloride ions (Cl−) and soil water profiles, in four deforested apple orchards on the Loess Plateau. The deforestation time ranged from 3 to 15 years. In each of the four selected orchards, there was a standing orchard that was planted at the same time as the deforested one, and therefore the standing orchard was used to benchmark the initial Cl− and soil water profiles of the deforested orchard. In the deforested orchards, piston flow was detected using the migration of the Cl− front, and preferential flow was measured via soil water increase below the Cl− front. Results showed that in the desiccated zone, Cl− migrated to deeper soil after deforestation, indicating that the desiccated soil layer formed by the water absorption of deep-rooted apple trees did not completely inhibit the movement of water. Moreover, there was an evident increase in soil water below the downward Cl− front, directly demonstrating the existence of preferential flow in deep soil under field conditions. Although pore water velocity was small in the deep loess, preferential water flow still accounted for 34–65% of total infiltrated water. This study presented the mechanisms that regulate movement of soil water following deforestation through field observations and advanced our understanding of the soil hydrologic process in deep soil.
Seasonal Groundwater Quality Status and Nitrogen Contamination in the Shallow Aquifer System of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Shakya Bijay Man , Nakamura Takashi , Kamei Tatsuru , Shrestha Suresh Das , Nishida Kei
Published: October 2019

The increasing concentration of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater is of a growing concern in terms of human health and groundwater quality. Although an excess of nitrogen compounds in the groundwater of the Kathmandu Valley has been reported, the seasonal variations of the fate of the nitrogen compounds and their relationships to the subsurface sediments are unknown. In this study, spatially distributed shallow dug well samples were collected during both the dry and wet seasons of 2016, and the nitrogen compound, chloride (Cl−), and iron (Fe2+) concentrations were analyzed. Two shallow dug wells and one deep tube well were monitored monthly for 2 years. Although NH4-N concentrations were similar in the clay-dominated areas during both seasons (1 and 0.9 mg-N/L), they were lower in the gravel-dominated areas during wet season (1.8 > 0.6 mg-N/L). The NO3-N concentration differed depending upon the soil type which increased during the wet season (clay 4.9 < 13.6 mg-N/L and gravel 2.5 < 6.8 mg-N/L). The Fe2+ concentration, however, was low during the wet season (clay 2.7 > 0.4 mg/L and gravel 2.8 > 0.3 mg/L). Long-term analysis showed higher fluctuation of nitrogen compounds in the gravel-bearing areas than in the clay-bearing areas.
Modelling Climate Change’s Impact on the Hydrology of Natura 2000 Wetland Habitats in the Vistula and Odra River Basins in Poland
Authors: O’Keeffe Joanna , Marcinkowski Paweł , Utratna Marta , Piniewski Mikołaj , Kardel Ignacy , Kundzewicz Zbigniew , Okruszko Tomasz
Published: October 2019

Climate change is expected to affect the water cycle through changes in precipitation, river streamflow, and soil moisture dynamics, and therefore, present a threat to groundwater and surface water-fed wetland habitats and their biodiversity. This article examines the past trends and future impacts of climate change on riparian, water-dependent habitats within the special areas of conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network located within Odra and Vistula River basins in Poland. Hydrological modelling using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was driven by a set of nine EURO-CORDEX regional climate models under two greenhouse gas concentration trajectories. Changes in the duration of flooding and inundation events were used to assess climate change’s impact on surface water-fed wetland habitats. The groundwater-fed wetlands were evaluated on the basis of changes in soil water content. Information about the current conservation status, threats, and pressures that affect the habitats suggest that the wetlands might dry out. Increased precipitation projected for the future causing increased water supply to both surface water and groundwater-fed wetlands would lead to beneficial outcomes for habitats with good, average, or reduced conservation status. However, habitats with an excellent conservation status that are already in optimum condition could be negatively affected by climate change as increased soil water or duration of overbank flow would exceed their tolerance.
Feasibility of the Use of Variable Speed Drives in Center Pivot Systems Installed in Plots with Variable Topography
Authors: Buono da Silva Baptista Victor , Córcoles Juan Ignacio , Colombo Alberto , Moreno Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2019

Pumping systems are the largest energy consumers in center pivot irrigation systems. One action to reduce energy consumption is to adjust the pumping pressure to that which is strictly needed by using variable speed drives (VSDs). The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of including VSDs in pumping systems that feed center pivot systems operating in an area with variable topography. The VSPM (Variable Speed Pivot Model) was developed to perform hydraulic and energy analyses of center pivot systems using the EPANET hydraulics engine. This tool is able to determine the elevation of each tower for each position of the center pivot using any type of digital elevation model. It is also capable of simulating, in an accurate manner, the performance of the center pivot controlled with a VSD. The tool was applied to a real case study, located in Albacete, Spain. The results show a reduction in energy consumption of 12.2%, with specific energy consumptions of 0.214 and 0.244 kWh m−3 of distributed water obtained for the variable speed and fixed speed of the pumping station, respectively. The results also show that for an irrigation season, to meet the water requirements of the maize crop in the region of the study (627 mm), an average annual savings of 14,107.35 kWh was obtained, which resulted in an economic savings of 2821.47€.
The Types of the Charter-Parties in International
Commercial Shipping
Authors: Gutsulyak Vasiliy N.
Published: October 2019

One of the most important tools for the use of sea and river vessels for the carriage of goods is a contract of affreightment (charter party). Under the terms of the charter-party, one party (the shipowner) transfers the vessel or part of its premises to the other party (the charterer) for the established remuneration (the freight).Despite the fact that charter-parties have long been used in the practice of shipping, however, today both in doctrine and in practice there is no unified approach to their classification and understanding of their legal nature.According to the author, at present all charter-parties can be divided into three main types: voyage-charter, time-charter and bareboat-charter (demise-charter). Attempts by some domestic and foreign scholars to identify other types of charter-parties, such as daily-charter, slot-charter, etc., are unreasonable, since other types of charter-parties do not have their own value and are essentially only special cases or combinations of the three above types of charter-parties.A voyage-charter is essentially a contract for the carriage of goods by sea with a stipulation to provide an entire ship, or a part of ship, or specified compartments of a ship for the carriage of goods between ports. The shipowner in this case retains full control over the vessel without any exceptions in favor of the charterer.Under the time-charter the shipowner undertakes to provide the charterer with the vessel and the services of the ship’s crew members for use for a certain period for the carriage of goods, passengers or for other purposes of merchant shipping for a specified remuneration (freight). If the ship is chartered for the carriage of goods, then we are dealing with a contract of the sea carriage. If the vessel is chartered for other purposes, such as marine scientific research, etc., then the time-charter party is a special type of contract (suigeneris).A bareboat charter party is a hiring of the ship alone without crew. Bareboat charter party and demise charter are actually equivalent concepts, if there are differences between them, they are minimal. Their legal nature is absolutely the same, which is based on the transfer of the vessel for a certain period in the full and undivided possession of the charterer.
Protection of Children with Disabilities.
Correlation of the UN Convention on the Children’s Rights
and the UN Convention on the Rights of Disabled Persons
Authors: Rossa Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

The UN Convention on child’s rights is not a sole international and legal treaty aimed at enhancing the extent of protection of children at both the international and domestic levels. In particular, the UN Convention on the rights of disabled persons contains prescriptions that are designed to ensure needs of children with disabilities, including the equality of opportunities in the area of education. The elimination of diversified discrimination of children with disabilities in accordance to this Convention should, inter alia, be performed through their dedicated integration into society and school. Whether an exclusively school education contributes to achieving such goal or whether other forms are acceptable too — this is a question requiring qualified discussion. The Convention on the rights of disabled persons permits various options of ensuring full-fledged development of the personality of a child with disabilities within the limits of individual states. It is being discussed in the article whether the provisions of the Convention are compulsory for the member states in each specific case. Besides, the correlation of the Convention on the rights of children and Convention on the rights of disabled persons is under review since it is the only way to identify the specific scope of the guarantees of children’s rights stipulated by the Convention. Regardless the fact that both international and legal treaties are aimed at ensuring the fullest protection of children, there are certain subtle differences in respect of the ways of their enforcement which might eventually appear to be material. The criteria for comparison are, for instance, enforceability of conventional provisions as well as their direct effect in domestic law and order. For Germany, for instance, the practice of the Federal Constitutional Court that repeatedly voiced about interpretation of the Basic Law of Germany in the light of international treaties on human rights.
Contribución del aprendizaje invertido en la enseñanza del idioma inglés en un bachillerato mixto
Authors: Zamudio-Hermida Juan , Noriega-Guerrero José , Soto-Ortiz José
Published: October 2019

This article presents a pedagogical experience for teaching a second language in a state public high school of mixed schooling, in this modality the students attend one day a week to attend face-to-face classes complementing the learning autonomously during the remaining days. The objective was to analyze the contribution of the inverted classroom as an English language teaching strategy. The study was descriptive quantitative with a quasi-experimental design, whose study variable is based on academic achievement in the subject of additional language to Spanish (English I) of a group of students who completed the first semester of a public baccalaureate in the mixed modality. In addition, an interview was held with the teacher in charge of the subject. The results obtained indicate 71% in the positive attitudes about the adoption of this didactic, which allowed the reinforcement of the topics of the course, as well as the favorable acceptance by the teacher in the use of this teaching methodology.
INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING INSTITUTIONS ACTIVITY
Authors: DOVHAN Zhanna
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The problems of banking efficiency improvement have become very important in the conditions of economic instability and the period of increasing competition in banking services market. It is being changed both the banking system structure, and the business processes which were formed in it. Such changes demand the new approaches to reserves searching and banking system optimization objects. The innovation in the banking sector, methods of innovative bank development are the main in modern conditions.

The purposeof this article is to identify the need to develop and apply innovative approaches in banking institutions to ensure their effective operation.

Results. The article deals with the theoretical and practical principles of ensuring the efficiency of banking activity. It is characterized the main tendencies of the risk manifestation violation of banking activity efficiency. The trends of an effective development and the long-term growth of banking sector nowadays are described. The ways of formation and implementation of the innovative aspects of bank effective work providing system are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the importance of the cooperation between banks and financial companies.

Conclusions. The problems of the banking system providing efficiency can be addressed customer service innovative technologies and the new products and services implementation, such as: to use the advanced hardware and software, to increas efficiency of personalization and channel optimization, digital and biometric identification, to use the large data, intellectual property and expanded analytics, credit marketplays, and artificial intelligence, to improv integrated multi-channel delivery and new loyalty programs.
Machine Learning for Healthcare Diagnostics
Authors:   Universitas Respati Indonesia, Indonesia., Sutabri Tata , Selvam R. Pandi ,   Assistant Professor & Head, PG Department of Computer Science, Ananda College, Devakottai, India., Shankar K. ,   Department of Computer Applications, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India., Nguyen Phong Thanh ,   Department of Project Management, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Vietnam, Hashim Wahidah ,   Institute of Informatics and Computing Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia., Maseleno Andino ,   Institute of Informatics and Computing Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia.
Published: October 2019

Presently machine learning and artificial intelligence is playing one of the most important role in diagnose many genetic and non genetic disease. So that the rapid inventions in machine learning can save thousands of life’s as it can diagnose the early stage of many serious diseases. In this research the datasets for such diseases is studied and it will be analyzed that how such deep machine learning will impact to a human life. The problem with such methodology is that it is not possible to get accurate results in the initial stage of research. The reason is every human have different immunity power and stamina. There are many diagnostics center who are fully dependent on the equipments which are fully based on machine learning. In order to boost this process it is necessary to collect the real time patient’s data from different hospitals, states and countries. So that it will be beneficial for world wide.
La presencia de las mujeres en posiciones directivas
Authors: Axtle Ortiz Miguel Ángel , Caro-Guzmán Lorena
Published: October 2019

El grado de participación femenina en el mundo laboral y en posiciones directivas se ha incrementado gradualmente tanto en México como en diversos países; sin embargo, el estado ideal de una participación equivalente a la masculina es lejano aún. Este documento analiza los avances recientes de las mujeres en esta materia, considerando las variables determinantes comúnmente asociadas (como es el factor educativo y la personalidad femenina emocional) e identifica causas poco conocidas por su reciente evidencia (como es la violencia hacia las mujeres de mayor escolaridad y remuneración económica).
Estudio sobre el fenómeno de las selfies en las redes sociales y sus implicaciones para el marketing
Authors: Barajas Portas Karla , Mercado González Julieta , Salinas Mercado Esteban , Reyes Mercado Pável
Published: October 2019

La presente investigación analiza las descripciones de las representaciones que las “selfies” tienen para losconsumidores jóvenes. Aportamos explicaciones de fondo de las selfies, la forma en que las perciben los consumidores y lo que representan en su vida. Los individuos generan y comparten este tipo de imágenes diariamente, por lo que es necesario entender su rol en la vida de los consumidores. La presente investigación se basa en el análisis de metáforas, debido a que estas encuadran las formas en que los individuos perciben y actúan en el mundo. Sobre los datos obtenidos de 32 consumidores jóvenes, y utilizando la técnica proyectiva de inducción de metáforas de Zaltman (ZMET), se capturan los sentimientos y emociones profundas de los entrevistados con respecto a las selfies. Los resultados ponen de relieve la importancia de las metáforas de 1) conexión, 2) emociones, 3) momentos especiales y 4) tecnología. Los principales hallazgos sustentan la importancia que este fenómeno tiene sobre las implicaciones de la gestión del marketing.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF ADENOMYOSIS IN HYSTERECTOMY PATIENTS – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar C. R. Ajeeth
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND : Hysterectomy - The most commonly performed gynaecological surgery throughout the
world
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES :This study aims at comparing the clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis of
adenomyosis in hysterectomy patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : A retrospective study was done on the 120 hysterectomy specimens received from August 2018 –
August 2019 at the Pathology department in Ahalia Diabetes hospital.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :Our study shows 100% of the clinical and radiological cases of adenomyosis and combined
leiomyoma with adenomyosis were diagnosed by the histopathological examination.
HYBRID AIR PURIFIER
Authors: Singh Kulvinder
Published: October 2019

A hybrid air purier with a simple design is fabricated and tested for air purication under indoor
conditions. Experimental results show that along with the PM1, PM2.5, PM5, PM10, the particle of
size>0.3µm -10 µm, show a drastic decrease at the outlet of the air purier when the purier is switched on.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUCCESS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
Authors: Ancy R. Jackulin
Published: October 2019

Women Entrepreneurship is an important part of social and economic development of a country. Now
women have realized their importance in the society and their participation in economic activities is also
increasing. The development of the industry depends on the efciency of the women entrepreneur. Since the nature of
entrepreneur and the nancial, marketing and other constraints that will restricts the development of the women
entrepreneurship, the researcher has carried out the present study. As far as the present study is concerned, the investigator has
proposed to collect the data required from the sample population by adopting percentage sampling technique. The researcher
has targeted 150 sample respondents from which the percentage of the total in proportion to the number of members and the
total targeted respondents. The Kanyakumari district comprises of four taluks and three taluks are selected for eld survey.
From each taluk, 50 entrepreneurs are selected as sample. 150 women entrepreneurs are identied as the sample respondents
for the study by using convenience random sampling method. The industries are considered as ideal nurseries for the rapid
growth and development of women entrepreneurs. The need of the hour is the growth of women entrepreneurs in the country to
accelerate the process of economic growth. It is found that 'Career challenge' is the important self-motivating factor inuencing
success of women entrepreneurs having a mean score of 3.66 and 'Entrepreneurial opportunities' is the next important selfmotivating factor inuencing success of women entrepreneurs having a mean score of 3.39 and 'Ideas for business ventures'
has been ranked at the lowest among the entrepreneurs with the mean score of 2.61.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGY ENABLED LEARNING AMONG THE TEACHER
TRAINEES OF DIPLOMA IN TEACHER EDUCATION (D.TED.,) PROGRAMME.
Authors: Nirmala P. Jayanthi
Published: October 2019

Technology-enabled learning is selecting some appropriate technology and improving learning performance through
the appropriate learning environment. The aim of the research study is to focus on the effectiveness of Technologyenabled learning among the Diploma in Teacher Education teacher trainees. Investigator has adopted experimental
research method to analyse the framed hypotheses. A total sample of Thirty I year diploma teacher trainees from
Vellore district has been chosen for the present study. The finding of the research study shows that there exists a
significant difference between mean value of the pre-test and post-test scores of learning science through lecture
method. There exists a significant difference between pre-test post-test scores of the experimental group in learning
science through technology-enabled learning. It has been found that both lecture method and technology-enabled
learning (TEL) or effective in term of achievement among the Diploma in Teacher Education Students. But analyses
between the post-test scores of experimental and control group reveals that Technology-enabled learning was more
effective than the lecture method. Hence it is recommended to utilize the technology-enabled learning for students
studying diploma in teacher education programme.
ROLE OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOPOGRAPHY (AS-OCT) PRE OPERATIVELY TO DETECT PRE-EXISTING WEAKNESS OF POSTERIOR CAPSULE IN PATIENT OF POSTERIOR POLAR CATARACT EFFECTING OUTCOMES DURING PHACOEMULSIFICATION
Authors: Verma Jata Shanker
Published: October 2019

Aim:To determine the role of AS-OCT to detect posterior capsular dehiscent preoperative.
Design:Prospective hospital based observational study.
Material and Method: Patient collection in Government college Kannauj March 2018 to February 2019 .According to
Helnsinki's declaration preoperative assessment and AS-OCT is also performed .Phacoemusification with PCIOL and
follow up was done upto 6 week.
Result: AS-OCT done for 26 eye out of which in 4 (15.3%) eyes posterior capsule was found dehiscent rest of all eyes
posterior capsule was intact. Examination under microscope surgeon found posterior capsular dehiscent only in
3(11.5%).Sensivity of AS-OCT is 75% and specificity is 95.45%.Stastical analysis was done for AS-OCT by CHI SQUARE
test (P=.0004).
Conclusion: Significant role of detecting AS-OCT in posterior capsular dehiscent.
Representações Literárias da Violência contra a Criança na Obra do Escritor Brasileiro António de Alcântara Machado (1901-1935)
Authors: Gusmão Emery Marques , Brabo Tania Suely Antonelli Marcelino
Published: October 2019

It intends to evidence that the humanization of the relationships involving childhood, the respect and the acuity regarding to the specificities of the thoughts and the feelings of a kid are facts relatively recent and only nowadays there is a fight against all forms of violence. This text recovers the literary representations of the childhood in the work of the modernist writer António de Alcântara Machado wrote at the beginning of the XX century, when the kid was seen as heiress of the private property and the good name of the family or the problems brought from them would be solved by using the Work Pedagogy – in both cases the parents (part of the elite or the popular classes) would hit their kids as an educational resource.
Recebido em: 15/01/2018.Aprovado em: 15/12/2018.
A Concepção de Gestão na Formação Escola de Gestores da Educação Básica do MEC: uma análise do programa
Authors: Fernandes Tania da Costa , França Juliana Utrera
Published: October 2019

Resulting from a bibliographical and documentary research and based on a critical materialist approach, this article aims to present general aspects that characterize the specialization course in school management, offered by the Ministry of Education, in the School Program of Managers of Basic Education, problematizing its conception management. Because of the analysis, the guidelines of the course are based, above all, on a neoliberal political-economic and educational conception, with emphasis on managerialist management, which is justified to meet the new demands for education. However, considering that this managerialist conception is opposed to the principles of democratic management – guaranteed in the Federal Constitution (1988) and the Law on Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDBEN, 1996) – and therefore reduces the continuing training of managers to the dictates of competitiveness, productivity and meritocracy, the article seeks to collaborate for the reflection of educators and managers as to the potentialities and weaknesses of a formation according to the profile defined in the Program of managers of basic education.
Recebido em: 16/02/2018.Aprovado em: 13/06/2019.
A evasão escolar nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia: uma análise dos planos estratégicos de permanência e êxito.
Authors: Ramos Neto João Oliveira
Published: October 2019

This article deals with school dropout in technical-vocational education and is the result of a post-doctoral research that had the objective of studying the strategic plans for permanence and success of the federal institutes of education, science and technology. In the first part, the strategic plans are defined and presented. In the second part, they are analyzed in debate with the bibliography. Finally, some conclusions are presented. The main conclusion was that no strategic plan of permanence and success questioned the pedagogical project of the federal institutes, always exalted in the literature for the innovations that it proposed, although the high numbers of evasion demonstrate that this idealization is not in keeping with the reality.
Recebido em: 10/06/2019Aceito em: 18/07/2019
Horace Lane, a comitiva paulista e a exposição internacional de educação em Saint Louis em 1904
Authors: Dos Santos José Veloso , Nery Ana Clara Bortoleto
Published: October 2019

Horace Lane and São Paulo entourage that went to the International Exhibition of Education in Saint Louis in 1904. In 1904, the Center of teachers in São Paulo in partnership with State Senate and the American school selected and sent an entourage to the International Exhibition of Education that happened in Saint Louis, United States of America. The goal of this article is to considerate the role developed by Horace Lane in the contribution to the entourage’s formation of the public instruction in São Paulo to Saint Louis Exhibition. We support this analysis interacting around the agents, their practices and appropriation in order to a better understanding of São Paulo school context in the end of nineteenth century and beginning of twentieth century. The sources used are consisted by the protagonist’s selection of primary documents, historical research and literature review. From the discussion realized, we can conclude that based on the action of Horace Lane, São Paulo leaderships decided to send an entourage to Saint Louis in order to observe the methodological procedures and acquiring teaching material in vogue in the United States and Europe and making feasible the introduction of them in public education in São Paulo.
Recebido em: 13/05/2019 Aceito em: 22/07/2019
A Time-motion Comparison of Itemized Treatment Costs in First and Second In Vitro Fertilization Attempts: A United Kingdom Fertility Centre Experience
Authors: Jones Christopher A. , Carpinello Olivia J. , Kumar Dev , Keith Louis G. , Raj Renju S. , Sills E. Scott
Published: October 2019

Objective: To assess the difference in cost between initial and second in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in the United Kingdom.

Methods: This prospective time-motion analysis captured data on average time spent on 31 representative components of the IVF sequence as provided by clinical team members in seven categories. Audits of consumables and observations on personnel costs were made from total of 120 fertility patients undergoing initial or second IVF cycles (n=736) between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2002 at a UK assisted fertility unit.

Results: Patients spent an average of 16.71±4.3 hrs with staff during an initial IVF cycle, resulting in direct personnel costs of £577.05±151.01. When consumables were included, each initial cycle cost the clinic approximately £2246.57±151.01. For second IVF cycles, patients spent significantly less time with staff compared to their first IVF cycle (6.94±2.44 hrs; p<0.05), corresponding to £257.53±90.77 in personnel cost.

Conclusions: This is the first economic appraisal of the IVF treatment sequence in the UK using a timemotion analysis model. Our study found that when combined with consumables, total institutional costs for second IVF cycles were significantly reduced when compared to initial cycles (£1813.12±90.77; p<0.05). Aggregating data from all IVF cycles performed within the fertility centre during the study interval, initial cycles were found to be front-loaded, resulting in £252,420 more in institutional costs as compared with subsequent IVF cycles. While these observations were registered in 2003, an inflation adjustment using recent European Commission Eurostat data for healthcare finds the difference between initial and subsequent fresh IVF cycles in present currency to be approximately £579.14 per cycle. Time-motion analysis can identify episodes of care that can be streamlined to improve outcomes and reduce cost.
A Retrospective Patient Chart Review and Survey in Patients with Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes Treated with Anakinra
Authors: Lachmann Helen J. , Arnold Renée J.G. , Gattorno Marco , Koné-Paut Isabelle , Ferreira Alberto , Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin
Published: October 2019

Background: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) is a group of rare autoinflammatory diseases. Little is known about the burden of disease, patients’ views on treatment, and adverse events (AEs) with current therapy. Objectives: The main study objective was to quantify the patients’ burden of disease in terms of flares and resource use and to characterize patient symptomatology and tolerability of treatment with anakinra. A secondary objective included comparing chart review and patient recall of symptoms and AEs. Methods: A retrospective medical chart review and concurrent online patient survey was conducted in four European countries. Data 12 months prior to initiation of/during anakinra treatment were entered into web-based case report forms by study groups. Results: Forty-two patients received/were receiving anakinra as primary treatment for at least 12 months. Patients experienced a 79.5% reduction in flares after commencing anakinra treatment. During the past 12 months on anakinra, four of five (80%) patients who recalled experiencing flares reported cancelling social activities and staying home as the most common courses of action. Most common AEs were injection site pain upon treatment initiation and weight gain. According to patient recall, 12 of 21 patients (57.1%) discontinued anakinra to enter another clinical trial; of the 12, eight (38%) specifically discontinued anakinra only for that reason, and four patients cited entering a clinical trial as one of many reasons for discontinuing anakinra. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive survey of patient experience with CAPS. Although improved, CAPS treatment remains suboptimal and a significant burden is placed upon patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system. With new agents available, it will be important to compare outcomes in patients using all therapeutic options.
High Costs of Dialysis Transportation in the United States: Exploring Approaches to a More Cost-effective Delivery System
Authors: Stephens J. Mark , Brotherton Samuel , Dunning Stephan C. , Emerson Larry C. , Gilbertson David T. , Gitlin Matthew , McClellan Ann C. , McClellan William M. , Shreay Sanatan
Published: October 2019

Background: The costs of transporting end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to dialysis centers are high and growing rapidly. Research has suggested that substantial cost savings could be achieved if medically appropriate transport was made available and covered by Medicare.

Objectives: To estimate US dialysis transportation costs from a purchaser’s perspective, and to estimate cost savings that could be achieved if less expensive means of transport were utilized.

Methods: Costs were estimated using an actuarial model. Travel distance estimates were calculated using GIS software from patient ZIP codes and dialysis facility addresses. Cost and utilization estimates were derived from fee schedules, government reports, transportation websites and peer-reviewed literature.

Results: The estimated annual cost of dialysis transportation in the United States is $3.0 billion, half of which is for ambulances. Most other costs are due to transport via ambulettes, wheelchair vans and taxis. Approximately 5% of costs incurred are for private vehicle or public transportation use. If ambulance use dropped to 1% of trips from the current 5%, costs could be reduced by one-third.

Conclusions: Decision-makers should consider policies to reduce ambulance use, while providing appropriate levels of care.
Incremental Healthcare Costs and Outpatient Antifungal Treatment of Patients with Aspergillosis in the United States
Authors: Durden Emily , McMorrow Donna , Juneau Paul , Fowler Robert , Chaudhari Paresh , Horn David
Published: October 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the total and outpatient economic burden of aspergillosis, and to describe the outpatient antifungal treatment of aspergillosis within a large, commercially-insured population in the United States. Methods: Adults with at least one medical claim with an aspergillosis diagnosis (International Classification of Disease 9th Revision Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 117.3 or 484.6) between 07/01/04-03/01/11 were identified from the MarketScan Research Databases. Patients had ≥6 months of pre-index and ≥1 month of post-index continuous health plan and pharmacy benefit enrollment and no pre-index diagnosis of aspergillosis. Aspergillosis cases were propensity score-matched to a sample of controls without aspergillosis. Outpatient antifungal therapy and total and outpatient healthcare resource utilization were evaluated in the post-index period. General linear models were used to estimate costs, which were adjusted by the length of follow-up. Incremental costs were calculated between cohorts and a bootstrap procedure was used to produce corresponding variation and 95% confidence interval estimates. Results: Aspergillosis cases (N=5,499; mean age: 57.8 years; 48.6% female; 64.2% with cancer) were matched to 5,499 controls (mean age: 58.3 years; 48.4% female; 60.6% with cancer). Two-thirds of the aspergillosis cases had no outpatient prescription for an antifungal within 30 days of index; for those with outpatient antifungal therapy, voriconazole was the most commonly prescribed agent (60.9%). Average adjusted total and outpatient expenditures were greater for aspergillosis patients during follow-up than those of the matched controls ($26,680 and $9,248 greater, respectively). Conclusions: The economic burden of aspergillosis is substantial. Patients with aspergillosis utilize significantly more healthcare resources and thus incur greater healthcare costs than do similar patients without aspergillosis.
Lifetime Health Care Costs of the Danish Population
Authors: Sørensen Jan , Søgaard Rikke
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Lifetime health care cost is a statistical indicator for expected health care use during the remaining lifetime of an individual. The objective of this study was to estimate the lifetime health care costs for individual gender and age strata.

Methods: Register data on individual’s health service utilization (hospital services, primary care and prescription medication) were available for all Danes above age 16 years (N=4.3 millions) for the year 2006. Resource use was valued by national diagnosis-related group (DRG) tariffs and fees. Average yearly costs were derived for gender and age stratas. The life table method was used to estimate survival probabilities and expected lifetime health care costs.

Results: The average lifetime health care cost for a 16-year-old person was estimated at 693,000 Danish Kroner (DKK) (2006 values) for men (216,000 DKK when discounted by 3%) and 862,000 DKK for women (301,000 DKK when discounted by 3%). Substantial variation was observed across gender and age strata with a relatively higher load late in life. Lifetime health care costs were higher for women than men. Part of the gender difference relates to longer life expectancies (estimated at 79.5 for women and 75.1 years for men). The analysis suggests that longevity of life accounts for 78% of the difference in health care costs between men and women.

Conclusion: This study presents cost data for the general population that can be used to inform general economic models assessing the impact of aging populations, but also comparative models that seek to assess the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of new technologies. Future studies that address similar indicators for disease-specific populations will be valuable.
Assessing the Economic Burden and Health Care Utilizations of U.S. Veteran Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Xie Lin , Kariburyo M. Furaha , Du Juan , Wang Yuexi
Published: October 2019

Objective: To examine the economic burden and health care utilizations of schizophrenia in the U.S. veteran population. Methods: A retrospective database analysis was performed using the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical SAS® datasets from October 1, 2008 through September 30, 2012. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were identified, and the initial diagnosis date was designated as the index date. A group of patients without schizophrenia of the same age, region, gender and index year were identified and matched by baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score, as the comparison group. Patients in both groups were required to be at least age 18 years and have continuous medical and pharmacy benefits 1 year pre- and 1 year post-index date. One-to-one propensity score matching was used to compare health care costs and utilizations during the follow-up period between the schizophrenia and comparison group patients, adjusted for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 171,086 eligible patients were identified for the schizophrenia and control cohorts. After 1:1 matching, a total of 70,045 patients were matched from each cohort with well-balanced baseline characteristics. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia had significantly higher health care utilization in inpatient (18.12% vs. 2.30%, p<0.01), emergency room (19.67% vs. 6.46%, p<0.01), office (98.32% vs. 53.26%, p<0.01), and outpatient visits (98.53% vs. 54.16%, p<0.01). Higher health care utilizations translated into higher costs for schizophrenic patients including inpatient ($7,228 vs. $613, p<0.01), pharmacy ($1,012 vs. $343, p<0.01), outpatient ($3,998 vs. $1,302, p<0.01), and total costs ($12,238 vs. $2,260, p<0.01) relative to patients in the comparison group. Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the U.S. VHA system were associated with a substantial economic burden, compared to their matched controls.