bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Active and Durable Nanocrystal‐Decorated Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Lee Dong Un , Park Moon Gyu , Park Hey Woong , Seo Min Ho , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Zhongwei
Published: August 2015

A highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst that consists of cobalt oxide nanocrystals (Co3O4 NC) decorated on the surface of N‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNT) is introduced as effective electrode material for electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries. This active hybrid catalyst is synthesized by a facile surfactant‐assisted method to produce Co3O4 NC that are then decorated on the surface of N‐CNT through hydrophobic attraction. Confirmed by half‐cell testing, Co3O4 NC/N‐CNT demonstrates superior oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution catalytic activities and has a superior electrochemical stability compared to Pt/C and Ir/C. Furthermore, rechargeable zinc–air battery testing of Co3O4 NC/N‐CNT reveals superior galvanodynamic charge and discharge voltages with a significantly extended cycle life of over 100 h, which suggests its potential as a replacement for precious‐metal‐based catalysts for electric vehicles and grid energy storage applications.
Deuterium‐Labeling Study of the Hydrogenation of 2‐Methylfuran and 2,5‐Dimethylfuran over Carbon‐Supported Noble Metal Catalysts
Authors: Kang Jungshik , Vonderheide Anne , Guliants Vadim V.
Published: August 2015

2‐Methylfuran and 2,5‐dimethylfuran were deuterated over Pd and Pt catalysts at 90–220 °C. Furan ring saturation over a Pd/C catalyst occurred at low reaction temperatures, which led to deuterated THFs, followed by progressive D exchange in the THF ring at higher temperatures. Finally, H/D exchange occurred in the methyl groups on the THF ring. Cleavage of the CO bond also occurred over a Pd/C catalyst at elevated temperatures, which resulted in deuterated ketones, for which all H atoms were exchanged for D. Alcohols were produced over a Pt/C catalyst at low temperatures because they are more stable than the corresponding ketones. D replaced H on all carbon atoms of the furan ring and saturated the O and C atoms of the broken CO bond in both deuterated 2‐pentanol and 2‐hexanol. At low temperatures (90–105 °C), all H atoms in the deuterated alcohols were exchanged for D except for the last two hydrogen atoms on the methyl groups.
Prevalence and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with severe anorexia nervosa: A large retrospective review
Authors: Holmes Samantha R.M. , Sabel Allison L. , Gaudiani Jennifer L. , Gudridge Tricia , Brinton John T. , Mehler Philip S.
Published: August 2015

Objective

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) refers to difficulty swallowing food or a liquid bolus from the oral and pharyngeal cavities into the esophagus and increases the risk of possibly life‐threatening pneumonia. Little has been reported on OPD in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). This study includes a description of OPD in severe AN and discusses potentially effective clinical management.

Method

Two hundred and six adults with severe AN, admitted over a five‐year period to a national referral center specializing in the multidisciplinary medical stabilization of this population, were retrospectively evaluated by electronic database query and manual chart review. All patients whose initial medical assessment triggered a speech‐language pathology (SLP) consultation, due to concerns for OPD, were reviewed in detail.

Results

Of the 206 total patients, 42 presented with symptoms of OPD and received SLP consultation. In the OPD cohort, 37 (88%) were women, with median age 32 years old, and mean admission weights of 57% ideal body weight (IBW) and body mass index (BMI) of 12 kg/m2. Compared with those who did not have OPD, OPD patients had significantly lower BMI on admission (12 kg/m2 vs. 13.1 kg/m2, p < 0.001), longer stay (21 days vs. 14 days, p < 0.001), and were more medically compromised, including a greater incidence of refeeding hypophosphatemia (60.9% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.004).

Discussion

Clinical awareness of OPD may reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia and promote life‐saving oral nutrition in patients with severe AN. Proper, timely evaluation and intervention may improve clinical outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:159–166).
A Pyrazolate‐Bridged Bis(pentadentate) Ligand and Its Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Sander Anett C. , Schober Anne , Dechert Sebastian , Meyer Franc
Published: August 2015

A new bis(pentadentate) pyrazole‐bridged proligand HLbis5 providing two {N5} binding pockets and its diruthenium complex [Lbis5Ru2(MeCN)2](PF6)3 (1) have been synthesized, and the structure of 1 has been elucidated by X‐ray diffraction. The two exogenous MeCN ligands in 1 are both directed into the central pocket created by the two metal ion compartments and interfere with each other, which leads to some distortion of the dimetallic framework. According to an Eyring analysis of variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopic data, interconversion of the resulting enantiomeric forms is rapid with a free activation energy of ΔG≠ = 43.7 kJ mol–1 at 298 K (ΔH≠ = 30.8 kJ mol–1, ΔS≠ = –43.2 J mol–1 K–1). Cyclic voltammetry of 1 shows two sequential reversible oxidations at ca. 0.85 and 1.25 V (vs. SCE), and the mixed‐valent RuIIIRuII species has been characterized by spectroelectrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR and EPR spectroscopy. Complex 1 was found to be a poor catalyst for water oxidation: under standard conditions [triflic acid, pH 1, using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as oxidant] rapid degradation by oxidative ligand fragmentation at its benzylic‐type CH2 groups was observed.
Luminescence and Relaxometric Properties of Heteropolymetallic Metallostar Complexes with Selectively Incorporated Lanthanide(III) Ions
Authors: Ceulemans Matthias , Debroye Elke , Vander Elst Luce , De Borggraeve Wim , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: August 2015

The synthesis and characterization of two diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) based heteropolymetallic metallostar lanthanide complexes with the general formulas (GdL1)3Ln and (GdL2)3Ln are described. The synthesis uses a synthetic approach recently developed in our group for the selective complexation of gadolinium(III) and luminescent lanthanide ions with a ditopic ligand to form highly paramagnetic and luminescent metallostar complexes. The luminescence data and relaxometric studies suggest the potential applicability of the complexes as bimodal contrast agents for magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Owing to the higher excited state of L1, better sensitization was observed for all (GdL1)3Ln complexes than for (GdL2)3Ln. A large increase of the quantum yield from 1.5 to 9.8 % was observed for the (GdL1)3Eu complex compared with (GdL2)3Eu, whereas the (GdL1)3Tb complex exhibited a quantum yield (QY) of 30.9 % compared with 15.3 % for (GdL2)3Tb. A slight increase of the QY from 0.8 to 1.2 % was observed for the Dy(III) complex when switching from ligand L2 to L1. The nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements of the (GdL2)3Ln complexes (Ln = EuIII, DyIII, TbIII) showed respective longitudinal relaxivity (r1) values of 24.27, 22.80 and 21.72 s–1 mmol–1 per metallostar complex at 310 K and 20 MHz.
Synergistic and Antagonistic Ligand Effects in the Transformation of Silver Compounds of Keto‐ and Cyano‐Functionalised Oximates and Nitronates: A Systematic Study Using Thermal Analysis
Authors: Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: August 2015

Molecular silver compounds are target precursor molecules for the deposition of silver films from solution. The thermal decomposition of silver complexes of nitro and nitroso derivatives of malononitrile, cyanoacetamide and methyl cyanoacetate as well as with nitroacetamide and methyl nitroacetate was investigated for the first time in a systematic manner. The analysis of the evolving gases by means of infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry revealed that intramolecular redox reactions had a significant impact on the reaction mechanism, in particular the interactions of the nitro and nitroso functionalities with amido and ester groups. The studied ligands bearing cyano groups typically lead to the intermediary formation of silver cyanide, whereby metallic silver is formed only at higher temperatures. Silver complexes of nitroacetamide and methyl nitroacetate, however, undergo decomposition to metallic silver at temperatures already below 200 °C. Thin films of silver on glass substrates could be synthesised by spincoating of these precursors and subsequent annealing. Higher conversion temperatures lead to more uniform surface coverage and lower film roughness.
A Cholesterol Containing pH‐Sensitive Bistable [2]Rotaxane
Authors: Berg Martin , Nozinovic Senada , Engeser Marianne , Lützen Arne
Published: August 2015

A non‐symmetrical pH‐sensitive bistable [2]rotaxane that bears a cholesterol unit and a tetraphenylmethane group as stopper groups was designed and synthesized in 18 steps. The successful formation of the rotaxane was proven by NMR spectroscopy and MS/MS. Besides a permanent cationic alkylated triazolium unit, the axle contains a secondary amine that can act as a second pH‐sensitive binding site for a crown ether. Depending on the protonation state of this amine function, the crown ether reversibly changes its position by moving between the two binding sites along the axle, as revealed by NMR spectroscopy.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Meerwein Cascade Reactions for the Preparation of α‐Aryl Esters
Authors: Niu Teng‐fei , Li Liang , Ni Bang‐qing , Bu Mei‐jie , Cai Chun , Jiang Hui‐liang
Published: August 2015

A practical strategy has been developed for preparation of α‐aryl ester derivatives by using a visible‐light‐induced Meerwein cascade reaction. This method uses molecular oxygen as an oxidant at room temperature without the need of hazardous reagents or harsh reaction conditions and provides a straightforward approach to pharmaceutically and synthetically useful α‐aryl esters in moderate to good yields from simple and readily available starting materials. Oxindoles were also prepared by this protocol.
An Air‐Stable Nickel(0) Phosphite Precatalyst for Primary Alkylamine C–N Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Kampmann Sven S. , Skelton Brian W. , Wild Duncan A. , Koutsantonis George A. , Stewart Scott G.
Published: August 2015

In this report we describe the design and preparation of a new air‐stable nickel phosphite based catalyst for unique C–N bond forming processes. Specifically, (BINAP)Ni[P(OPh)3]2, is presented as an effective catalyst for a range of amination reactions between aryl halides and primary alkylamines. The results are supported by relevant kinetic studies, DFT calculations and a catalytic cycle indicating possible reaction intermediates.
Theoretical Study, Synthesis, and Reactivity of Five‐Membered‐Ring Acyl Sulfonium Cations
Authors: Rao K. V. Raghavendra , Caiveau Nicolas , David Rolf , Shalayel Ibrahim , Milet Anne , Vallée Yannick
Published: August 2015

The feasibility of the cyclization of γ‐alkylthiobutyric acid derivatives to form previously unknown five‐membered‐ring acyl sulfonium cations was studied. Experimental results were in good agreement with our DFT calculations that predicted such cyclizations to be easy if starting with acyl iodides and mixed anhydrides of triflic acid. Particularly efficient were the reactions of γ‐alkylthiobutyryl fluorides with trimethylsilyl triflate in CDCl3 solution, which led to cyclic acyl sulfonium triflates. In some cases, the observed acyl sulfonium salts were stable enough to be characterized by NMR spectroscopy. They were found to be both alkyl‐transfer reagents and acylating agents. They react with amines to form amides. These findings lend some weight to our hypothesis that the acyl sulfonium derived from methionine may have played a major role in the prebiotic synthesis of the first peptides on the primitive Earth.
Synthesis of Silodosin by Copper‐Catalysed C–C Arylation
Authors: Calogero Francesco , Allegrini Pietro , Attolino Emanuele , Passarella Daniele
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of silodosin, an antidysuria drug, has been accomplished starting from commercially available indoline. The synthetic strategy is based on CuI‐catalysed C–C arylation, regioselective cyanation, and diastereoselective reductive amination. The enantiopure compound was obtained by selective crystallisation of a diasteroisomeric mixture.
Palladium‐Catalyzed 6‐endo‐Selective Oxycyclization–Alkene Addition Cascades of ortho‐Alkynylarylcarboxamides and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Madich Youssef , Álvarez Rosana , Aurrecoechea José M.
Published: August 2015

Regio‐ and chemoselective palladium‐catalyzed cyclization–coupling cascade reactions between ortho‐alkynylarylcarboxamides and methyl vinyl ketone or acrylaldehyde are described. An initial 6‐endo‐oxypalladation of the triple bond is followed by a C–C coupling to give structurally diverse isochromenimines (and related heterosubstituted derivatives), in which the α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl moiety is incorporated as an alkyl‐type exocyclic side chain. The coupling products were obtained in 76–97 % yield (average 86 % yield) without significant interference from Heck or alternative regiochemical pathways. In contrast to related cases, these cascade reactions do not require the use of protic solvents and excess amounts of halide additives, and they proceed effectively under either PdCl2 catalysis in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of added KI or PdI2 catalysis without any additive.
Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles Using a Defined Ruthenium PNP Pincer Catalyst
Authors: Neumann Jacob , Bornschein Christoph , Jiao Haijun , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: August 2015

Selective catalytic reductions of nitriles are presented using the commercially available Ru‐Macho‐BH complex. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic and (hetero)cyclic nitriles including industrially important adipodinitrile are hydrogenated to the corresponding primary amines. Modelling suggests the reaction follows an outer sphere hydrogenation mechanism.
A Facile Graphene Nanosheets‐based Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Honokiol in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Meiqin , Zhu Yu , Wei Qianhui , Li Xiaolong , Ou Yunyun , Ao Ning , Zhang Xueji
Published: August 2015

The sensitive detection of honokiol was performed using a graphene nanosheets‐based electrochemical sensor by cyclic voltammogram and a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammogram. Several important parameters such as deposition cycle of reduced graphene oxide, the acidity of the running buffer, accumulation potential and accumulation time were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. The sensor was further applied to quantification of honokiol in the concentration range from 0.005 to 10 µM with a low detection limit of 1.7 nM. Finally, the sensor successfully determined the content of honokiol in Ageratum Liquid with a satisfied recovery of 98.2 %∼99.1 %.
Modification of the Electrode Surface by Ag Nanoparticles Decorated Nano Diamond‐graphite for Voltammetric Determination of Ceftizoxime
Authors: Shahrokhian Saeed , Ranjbar Saba , Ghalkhani Masoumeh
Published: August 2015

A modified glassy carbon electrode with a film of nano diamondgraphite nano mixture decorated with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPsNDG/GCE) was constructed and used for sensitive voltammetric determination of ceftizoxime (CFX). Morphology of AgNPsNDG/GCE has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experimental variables such as deposited amount of the modifier suspension, pH of the supporting electrolyte and accumulation potential and time were optimized by monitoring of CV and LSV responses of CFX. The results illustrate that AgNPsNDG/GCE exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic effect in the electro‐oxidation of CFX that leads to a considerable improvement in the corresponding anodic peak current. This also allows the development of a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor for the determination of CFX in pharmaceutical and clinical samples. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode showed a linear response to the concentration of CFX in the range of 0.02–7 µM with detection limit of 6 nM. The prepared modified electrode has some remarkable electrochemical properties such as simple preparation, high sensitivity, excellent repeatability and reproducibility and long‐term stability.
Solid Phase Extraction – Voltammetric Coupled Detection of Caffeine in Acetonitrile
Authors: Chan Kwok K. , Webster Richard D.
Published: August 2015

Caffeine (CAF) in aqueous solutions was extracted into acetonitrile (MeCN) using solid phase extraction (SPE). The voltammetric detection of CAF in MeCN was performed in a microcentrifuge tube after SPE in order to minimise the required amount of MeCN and reagents used during the analysis. The voltammetric determination of CAF from a range of beverages extracted into MeCN was in good agreement with the results obtained from HPLC measurements on the same samples. The SPE‐coupled voltammetric method gave more accurate results than those obtained via the direct voltammetric detection of CAF in real beverage samples.
Eating Disorders and Problematic Eating Behaviours Before and After Bariatric Surgery: Characterization, Assessment and Association with Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Conceição Eva M. , Utzinger Linsey M. , Pisetsky Emily M.
Published: August 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that bariatric surgery candidates are likely to present with eating disorders (EDs) and/or problematic eating behaviours (EBs), and research suggests that these problems may persist or develop after bariatric surgery. While there is growing evidence indicating that EDs and EBs may impact bariatric surgery outcomes, the definitions and assessment methods used lack consensus, and findings have been mixed. The aims of this paper were (1) to summarize the existing literature on pre‐operative and post‐operative EDs and problematic EBs; (2) to discuss the terms, definitions and assessment measures used across studies; and (3) to consider the extent to which the presence of these problems impact surgery outcomes. We highlight the importance of investigators utilizing consistent definitions and assessment methodologies across studies. © 2015 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Depression and Personality Traits Associated With Emotion Dysregulation: Correlates of Suicide Attempts in Women with Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Pisetsky Emily M. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. , Peterson Carol B. , Mitchell James E. , Engel Scott G. , Joiner Thomas E. , Bardone‐Cone Anna , Le Grange Daniel , Klein Marjorie H. , Crow Scott J.
Published: August 2015

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify personality traits and psychiatric comorbidities associated with a lifetime history of a suicide attempt in women with bulimia nervosa (BN).

Method

Data from two samples of women with BN (n = 204 and n = 133) were examined. Participants in both samples completed the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire and reported whether they had ever had a lifetime suicide attempt. Comorbid psychopathology was based on self‐reported questionnaire and interview data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were run, predicting a lifetime suicide attempt.

Results

Based on the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire, identity problems were associated with a lifetime suicide attempt in both samples; cognitive dysregulation, anxiousness and insecure attachment were associated with a lifetime suicide attempt in one but not both samples. Lifetime anxiety disorder was associated with a lifetime suicide attempt in one sample, and depression was associated with a lifetime suicide attempt in both samples. Multivariate analyses revealed that only depression was uniquely associated with a lifetime suicide attempt in both samples.

Discussion

Although personality traits associated with aspects of emotion dysregulation were associated with a lifetime suicide attempt, depression was found to have the strongest association with a lifetime suicide attempt in two samples of women with BN. These findings suggest that depression severity may be the most important target of treatment and suicide prevention efforts in women with BN. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
On generalized crystal‐plasticity based on defect‐densities in a second‐order continuum
Authors: Steinmann Paul
Published: August 2015

Single crystals display various defects that may potentially act as obstacles to further evolution of inelastic deformations, i.e. to further plastic flow. These are translational defects in terms of dislocations, rotational defects in terms of disclinations, and (dilatational) pointdefects in terms of lattice vacancies or interstitial atoms. A formulation of generalized crystalplasticity is proposed that incorporates the densities of these defects in order to capture the hardening of the material. In particular the inclusion of the defect densities other than the dislocation density requires to root the formulation in a second‐order continuum description. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synchronous parotid and nasopharyngeal Warthin tumor
Authors: Ory Madgar , Eran Alon
Published: August 2015

Background

Warthin tumor is the second most common benign salivary gland neoplasm after pleomorphic adenoma. Warthin tumors occur almost exclusively in the parotid gland and periparotid lymph nodes, extraparotid localization is rare.

Methods and Results

We describe a case of a patient presenting with a synchronous unilateral parotid gland and nasopharyngeal Warthin tumor.

Conclusion

We propose that, although this occurrence of a synchronous parotid gland and nasopharyngeal Warthin tumor may be coincidental, it is more likely to be an effect of a systemic factor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E71–E72, 2016
Trends in treatment and survival for advanced laryngeal cancer: A 20‐year population‐based study in The Netherlands
Authors: Timmermans Adriana J. , van Dijk Boukje A. C. , Overbeek Lucy I. H. , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , van Tinteren Harm , Hilgers Frans J. M. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M.
Published: August 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine time trends for primary treatment modalities in advanced laryngeal cancer, overall survival (OS), and laryngectomy‐free interval (LFI) over the last 2 decades in The Netherlands.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of T3 to T4 laryngeal cancer data from 2 combined national (population‐based and pathology‐based) cancer registries.

Results

A total of 2072 T3 cases (14.7%) and 1722 T4 cases (12.2%) were identified. Total laryngectomy as primary treatment modality decreased, whereas radiotherapy (RT) increased. For T3 disease, 5‐year OS after primary total laryngectomy (+/− adjuvant RT), RT, and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was 49%, 47%, and 45%, respectively. For T4 disease, this was 48%, 34%, and 42% (overall p < .0001), respectively. Five‐year LFI for T3 disease was 81% (RT) and 77% (CRT), and for T4 disease it was 81% and 87%, respectively.

Conclusion

From 1991 to 2010 total laryngectomy as primary treatment modality for advanced laryngeal cancer decreased and RT increased. T3 disease showed similar survival rates for all primary treatment modalities. For T4 disease, total laryngectomy (+ adjuvant RT) showed the best survival. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1247–E1255, 2016
Association between helicobacter pylori infection and carcinoma of the larynx or pharynx
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Duo , Yang Yue , Zhou Liang , Tao Lei
Published: August 2015

Background

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric carcinoma. However, there is controversy as to whether H. pylori infection increases laryngeal or pharyngeal cancers.

Methods

We managed a systematic review of researches related to H. pylori infection in laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinomas, distributed up to December 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed by random effects models or according to heterogeneity I2.

Results

Eleven studies were involved in the meta‐analysis. Overall, H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the study group compared with the normal control group (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.71–4.84; I2 = 67.1; p < .0001, random effects analysis). The ORs for laryngeal carcinoma were 3.28 (95% CI = 1.91–5.63; I2 = 58; p < .0001, random effects model). The ORs for pharyngeal cancer were 1.35 (95% CI = 0.86–2.12; p = .188, random effects model).

Conclusion

This study supported the proposition that infection with H. pylori was related to laryngeal carcinoma, specifically in the hospital‐based control group and diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was discovered between H. pylori infection and pharyngeal cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2291–E2296, 2016
Human papillomavirus capsids preferentially bind and infect tumor cells
Authors: Kines Rhonda C. , Cerio Rebecca J. , Roberts Jeffrey N. , Thompson Cynthia D. , de Los Pinos Elisabet , Lowy Douglas R. , Schiller John T.
Published: August 2015

We previously determined that human papillomavirus (HPV) virus‐like particles (VLPs) and pseudovirions (PsV) did not, respectively, bind to or infect intact epithelium of the cervicovaginal tract. However, they strongly bound heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on the basement membrane of disrupted epithelium and infected the keratinocytes that subsequently entered the disrupted site. We here report that HPV capsids (VLP and PsV) have the same restricted tropism for a wide variety of disrupted epithelial and mesothelial tissues, whereas intact tissues remain resistant to binding. However, the HPV capsids directly bind and infect most tumor‐derived cell lines in vitro and have analogous tumor‐specific properties in vivo, after local or intravenous injection, using orthotopic models for human ovarian and lung cancer, respectively. The pseudovirions also specifically infected implanted primary human ovarian tumors. Heparin and ι‐carrageenan blocked binding and infection of all tumor lines tested, implying that tumor cell binding is HSPG‐dependent. A survey using a panel of modified heparins indicates that N‐sulfation and, to a lesser degree, O‐6 sulfation of the surface HSPG on the tumors are important for HPV binding. Therefore, it appears that tumor cells consistently evolve HSPG modification patterns that mimic the pattern normally found on the basement membrane but not on the apical surfaces of normal epithelial or mesothelial cells. Consequently, appropriately modified HPV VLPs and/or PsV could be useful reagents to detect and potentially treat a remarkably broad spectrum of cancers.
MicroRNA‐200 promotes lung cancer cell growth through FOG2‐independent AKT activation
Authors: Guo Lixia , Wang Jingyu , Yang Ping , Lu Qiang , Zhang Ting , Yang Yanan
Published: August 2015

MicroRNA‐200 (miR‐200) has emerged as a regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway and cancer cell growth. It was reported that miR‐200 can activate PI3K/AKT by targeting FOG2 (friend of GATA 2), which directly binds to the p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K. We found that miR‐200 was elevated in early stage lung adenocarcinomas when compared with normal lung tissues, and the expression of miR‐200 promoted the tumor spheroid growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We show that AKT activation was essential for such oncogenic action of miR‐200. However, depletion of FOG2 had little effect on AKT activation. By performing a reverse‐phase protein array, we found that miR‐200 not only activated AKT but also concomitantly inactivated S6K and increased IRS‐1, an S6K substrate that is increased on S6K inactivation. Depletion of IRS‐1 partially inhibited the miR‐200‐dependent AKT activation. Taken together, our results suggest that miR‐200 may activate AKT in lung adenocarcinoma cells through a FOG2‐independent mechanism involving IRS‐1. Our findings also provide evidence that increased miR‐200 expression may contribute to early lung tumorigenesis and that AKT inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of miR‐200‐dependent tumor cell growth. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):720–725, 2015
Vesicular trafficking and salinity responses in plants
Authors: Baral Anirban , Shruthi K. S. , Mathew M. K.
Published: August 2015

Research spanning three decades has demonstrated that vesicles pinch off from the plasma membrane and traffic through the cytoplasm of plant cells, much as previously reported in animal cells. Although the well‐conserved clathrin‐mediated mechanism of endocytosis has been well characterized, relatively little is known about clathrin‐independent pathways in plants. Modulation of endocytosis by both physical stimuli and chemical ligands has been reported in plants. Here, we review the effect of salinity—one of the most deleterious environmental assaults—on endocytosis and intracellular trafficking. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):677–686, 2015
The role of placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in healing of induced full‐thickness skin wound in a mouse model
Authors: Abd‐Allah Somia H. , El‐Shal Amal S. , Shalaby Sally M. , Abd‐Elbary Eman , Mazen Nehad F. , Abdel Kader Rania R.
Published: August 2015

We examined the effect of placenta‐derived MSCs (PDMSCs) injection intraregionally and intraperitoneally on healing of induced full thickness mice skin wounds; moreover, the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their effects were also studied. Sixty female mice were divided into three groups after induction of full thickness skin wound; untreated group, wounded mice were injected with MSCs derived from human placenta intraperitoneally or intraregionally. Skin biopsies were obtained 7 and 12 days after wound incision for histological examinations, detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by ELISA, and estimation of expression of mouse ICAM‐1, Integrin β1, Integrin β3 genes and human albumin and GAPDH genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Human placenta derived‐MSCs treated groups showed accelerated wound healing than non‐treated group. VEGF, Integrin β1, and Integrin β3 levels were significantly increased in the intraregionally and intraperitoneally treated mice as compared to non‐treated group at day 7 after wound induction. ICAM‐1 showed significant decrease in its expression in treated groups compared with non‐treated group. Interestingly, the intraperitoneal MSCs injections showed better results than intraregional one. PDMSCs accelerate full thickness skin wound healing and the intraperitoneal MSCs injections are more effective than intraregional one. MSCs promote wound healing through release of proangiogenic factors as VEGF, increase healing promoting factors as integrin β1 and β3, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines as ICAM‐1. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(9):701–709, 2015
Applying OntoREM to a Space Mission: Developing Requirements for the MASCOT Lander
Authors: Antonini Kelly , Lange Caroline , Kossmann Mario , Odeh Mohammed
Published: August 2015

OntoREM is an Ontology‐driven Requirements Engineering Methodology supported by software tooling, developed jointly by UWE and Airbus. OntoREM has been tested using a number of pilot cases in various domains at Airbus. In this research, OntoREM is applied to a space mission called MASCOT (Mobile Space Asteroid Scout) developed by DLR (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt), Germany, together with CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales), France, and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA). The research provided the opportunity to carry out a comparative critical evaluation of the outcomes of the application of OntoREM to MASCOT versus the outcomes of a more traditional Systems Engineering approach as applied by DLR‐Bremen. The key objective was to generate an alternative set of MASCOT requirements using OntoREM based on the existing set of MASCOT system requirements, and to compare the quality of the resulting requirements with the quality of the existing requirements in terms of correctness, completeness and consistency. The application of OntoREM to MASCOT has been successful, it appears that OntoREM is suitable for the development of requirements for space mission programmes and creates quality improvements when generating requirement specifications. About 100% additional project and system requirements were identified, while a re‐usable MASCOT project domain ontology was built during the process that may be generalised for future lander missions.
TOPASE: Tools for Operability Assessment and Support Enhancement for life cycle system performance optimisation
Authors: DUCAMP Christophe , Elegbede Charles
Published: August 2015

In this paper, the authors propose a methodology to optimize the overall system performances like the availability and the cost of a system subject to availability, cost and common cause failure constraints. The system to be optimized consists of n components and for each component, there are many suppliers which propose their offers, so one has to choose the best combination for the n components to design the system. The problem is NP‐hard and is also (discrete) multi‐objective optimization problem. The model is based on the Markovian assumption, and a genetic algorithm is used to solve this combinatorial problem in a reasonable computing time.
A risk based view on building a sustainable nuclear electricity industry in South Africa
Authors: Fick JIJ , Stoker PW
Published: August 2015

This paper introduces a Nuclear Sustainability Risk Model, which reflects a proposed strategy for ensuring the sustainability of a nuclear electricity industry for South African in the long term. The model is used to illustrate the interrelationships between economic, engineering and social considerations.

The strategy employed in this paper considers the risks from a systems thinking approach. This strategy is derived based on reviews performed on the lessons learnt from South African projects, Medupi and Kusile, and of recent nuclear power plant constructions internationally. Although the South African study is not nuclear specific, it is performed to obtain a better understanding of some of the regional and national challenges for major plant constructions that would require mitigation strategies. The lessons learnt from these projects were consolidated and related to a possible nuclear new build program terms of potential risks. The risks identified are categorized as higher level risks that affect the integrity of the model and seen as country wide issues that would affect major plant constructions in South Africa (macroeconomic risks) and medium term strategic project risks which could or would directly affect the anticipated outcome of a nuclear construction program in South Africa.

The identified risks and areas for consideration are explained and the potential mitigation strategies are proposed.
Addressing large national problems in South Africa
Authors: Gonçalves Duarte P.
Published: August 2015

This paper seeks to create a methodology to address large national problems based on the author's experiences on border security and rhino poaching in South Africa. Five problem aspects of large national problems are identified: one or more States, multiple organisations and the general public are involved; problems evolve; the simultaneity of intervention; the issue of complexity and dualism as an example of a frame or worldview. A transdisciplinary approach is proposed as an integrating framework that could deal with complexity. Based on this, a number of areas of systems engineering as problem solving have been extended to deal with border security and rhino poaching: foresight (future problem), operating concept, stakeholder engagement and legal analysis. Finally, the implications for tailoring of a process or methodology are outlined and changes to INCOSE's definition of systems engineering are proposed.
A Systematic Method for the Development of a Functional Safety Concept
Authors: Neitzel Karl Ernst , Kaffenberger Rüdiger
Published: August 2015

The comfort we gain from our passenger cars is very much offset by the dangers to our climate caused by the energy consumption and exhaust of the cars. Complex electronic controls in the cars can reduce the energy consumption but raise the probability of dangerous unwanted behaviour. The requirements of ISO 26262 on the design of safety related functionality shall reduce these dangers. We present the architecture and design principles of our functional safety concept, that fulfils the requirements of ISO 26262 as well as the requirements of our platform concept for systems engineering work products. The key enabler for the design and maintenance of our functional safety concept are distinct views we employ to show important aspects of the set of safety requirements.
Architecture‐driven Design Study Of An Electrically‐Powered UAV
Authors: Lemmens Y. , Dehandschutter W. , Olbrechts T. , Becuwe I.
Published: August 2015

An architecture‐driven design process, enabled by tools for system synthesis, simulation, and simulation content management, can be used to efficiently explore design variants at a system level. A case study is presented where this is successfully applied to an electrical system of an unmanned aerial vehicle. In this case, different combinations of electrical motors and propellers were investigated and different types of cooling of the fuselage.
Subsea Oil Production The Design Basis
Authors: Piciaccia Luca A.
Published: August 2015

The origination of the Design Basis document for subsea production systems (SPS) in the oil industry is a challenging task. The completeness and correctness of the Design Basis is crucial for the successful execution of the project in safety, technical and commercial terms.

This work aims to establish, through the use of Systems Engineering and specifically throughInformation Models (Model Based Systems Engineering), how the Subsea Production System Design Basis should be optimally developed. The MBSE is integrated in this work by the theory of Transactional Processing, which is implicit in the universal thought process when behavioural models are drafted but seldom explicitly referred to.

The current industry practice for developing an SPS design basis is compared to the suggested optimal process.

The work constitutes the foundation for the revised Design Basis issuing procedure and the Design Review practice for the Aker Solutions worldwide subsea business.

This work is part of a PhD at the Norwegian Technology and Science University.
Ontology‐driven Semantic Search for Requirement Engineering
Authors: Piciaccia Luca A. , Croce Danilo , Basili Roberto , Storch Valerio
Published: August 2015

Requirement elicitation is a challenge in the Subsea Oil extraction industry due to the short project award and execution times that do not allow the complete compilation of a requirement database from the contract documents and appendixes. In this paper, a semantic approach to the automation of relevant inferences involved in the Requirement Analysis (RA) stages is proposed. An ontological model is here proposed to supporting the enrichment of the involved texts along a number of semantic assumptions, aiming to provide a rich explanatory description of the targeted phenomena These general types are used to enable the semantic annotation of texts and sentences within the documentation, i.e. conceptual information useful to characterize design choices (as in specification documents), requirements (design documents) or product descriptions (catalogues). A Machine learning approach is then discussed as a robust and effective solution to annotated texts according to the ontological model.
Structuring Requirements in Standard Templates
Authors: Beasley Richard , Cardow Iain , Hartley Michael , Pickard Andrew
Published: August 2015

A survey of the contents of various Requirements and Definition Documents both within Rolls‐Royce and in the literature revealed a large variety of structures and contents. Many requirements documents do not distinguish in their structure between functional and the various non‐functional requirements but mix these up within the content of the requirements structure.

The authors have proposed a generic rationalized structure for capturing and recording requirements, and have illustrated this with gas turbine engine examples. The authors have also proposed a parallel structure for Definition Documents, where there is even more variation in content in the literature examples, and have illustrated this again with gas turbine engine examples.
The Life Cycle of a Requirement
Authors: Sparrius Ad
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the life cycle of a requirement. The life cycle of a requirement is modelled, and its implications on design‐to requirements, build‐to requirements and as‐built characteristics pursued. Validation and verification, and all its many instances, are examined in considerable detail by means of a validation/verification model. The concept of endorsement is introduced. Traceability and various trace instances are discussed. The results have been formalized into a set of principles. A detailed example is investigated.
Definition of a Data Model to support Risk Analysis in the frame of Critical Infrastructures protection
Authors: Tirone Lucio , Tassini Claudio Calisti
Published: August 2015

On December 2008, the European Union adopted the Council Directive 2008/114/EC on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures (CIs) and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. In support to European CI operators, on 2011 the Italian Association of Critical Infrastructures Experts (AIIC) started a Working Group (WG) with the goal to define guidelines for the drafting of Operator Security Plan (OSP). On 2012, the WG activities had been extended to define a Data Model for the construction of a knowledge base to support a risk analysis based on the protection of Critical Infrastructures. One of the key elements of the WG was the adoption of the principles of Systems Engineering, at both methodological and application level. This paper demonstrates how this preparatory activities has been effectively conducted, providing a deep insight in the definition of the “Systems” and “Components” involved in the protection of Critical Infrastructures.
Addressing potential role of magnesium dyshomeostasis to improve treatment efficacy for epilepsy: A reexamination of the literature
Authors: Osborn Katie E. , Shytle R. Douglas , Frontera Alfred T. , Soble Jason R. , Schoenberg Mike R.
Published: August 2015

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an abundant mineral in the body serving many biochemical functions. Magnesium supplementation has been shown to raise seizure threshold in animal and human studies, but the etiological contribution of magnesium deficiency to the onset and maintenance of epilepsy, as well as the degree to which it impacts antiepileptic drug efficacy, remains poorly understood. This may be due, at least in part, to the inherent limitations of commonly used serum levels as a measure of functional magnesium status, as well as insufficient data regarding relative bioavailabilities of various magnesium salts and chelates for use with humans. To date, 1 randomized clinical trial has been conducted assessing Mg2+ supplementation in epilepsy, and findings yielded promising results. Yet a notable dearth in the literature remains, and more studies are needed. To better understand the potential role of magnesium deficiency as a causal factor in epilepsy, more convenient and accurate measurement methods should to be developed and employed in randomized, controlled trials of oral magnesium supplementation in epilepsy. Findings from such studies have the potential to facilitate far‐reaching clinical and economic improvements in epilepsy treatment standards.
Synthesis, Anti‐Microbial, and Cytotoxic Activities Evaluation of Some New Pyrido[2,3‐d]Pyrimidines
Authors: Elsaedany Samir Kamel , AbdEllatif Zein Mohamed , AbedelRehim Elsayed Mohmoud , Keshk Reda Mohammed
Published: August 2015

Novel pyridine derivatives 1d and 7, pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 8a,8b, and 9a,9b were synthesized and screened for their anti‐microbial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 2b, 2c, 3b, 3c, 5b, 5c, 6b, 6c, and 7 showed excellent anti‐microbial activities against all the tested bacteria and fungi compared to the reference drugs. Furthermore, they exhibited high safety profile in cytotoxicity test except 2c and 3c. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis.
AgNO3 Catalyzed Regio‐Selective Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl/Aryl‐idene‐3,4‐dihydro‐4‐tosyl‐2H‐1,4‐Benzoxazine: Novel Anti‐Tubercular Scaffolds
Authors: Karunanidhi Sivanandhan , Karpoormath Rajshekhar , Bera Milan , Rane Rajesh A. , Palkar Mahesh B.
Published: August 2015

A facile and efficient method for the construction of 3‐alkyl/aryl substituted 1,4‐benzoxazine and benzoxazepine via AgNO3 catalyzed cyclization of propargyloxy sulfonamides and their anti‐tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV is described. This cyclization proceeds through 6‐exo‐dig manner to generate the products in moderate to good yields.
Effectiveness of Granular Polyacrylamide to Reduce Soil Erosion During Consecutive Rainstorms in a Calcic Regosol Exposed to Different Fire Conditions
Authors: Lado Marcos , Inbar Assaf , Sternberg Marcelo , Ben‐Hur Meni
Published: August 2015

Fire severity varies widely among and within wildfires. The objective of this work was to test the effectiveness of granular polyacrylamide (PAM) to reduce erosion in a Calcic Regosol exposed to different fire conditions. Three treatments were selected representing disturbances that coexist after a wildfire: unburned, low‐moderate severity direct fire, and prolonged heating under moderate temperature [heated (HT)]. Granular PAM was spread on the surface of disturbed samples at two rates: (i) 0 (control) and (ii) 50 kg ha−1. Additional application rates of 25 and 100 kg ha−1 were tested in HT. Three 80‐mm rainstorms were applied with an intensity of 47 mm h−1, separated by drying periods. PAM reduced soil loss in all storms in unburned and direct fire, although runoff increased during the first storm due to increased runoff viscosity. In the highly stable HT, soil loss was reduced only with an application rate of 100 kg ha−1 and after a drying period. In many cases, granular PAM could be effective to reduce post‐fire erosion. In soils with high structural stability, a PAM dose should be selected to find a right balance between its stabilising effect on soil structure and its effect increasing runoff during the first storm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posteromedial thigh (PMT) propeller flap for perineoscrotal reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Chen Yen‐Chou , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen
Published: August 2015

Fournier's gangrene can lead to extensive defects of the perineoscrotal area with exposure of the testes. Such defect poses challenging tasks for both functional and cosmetic reconstruction. Due to its proximity, medial thigh skin appeared to be the most versatile donor site for perineoscrotal reconstruction. In this report, we present a case of reconstruction of a large perineoscrotal defect because of Fournier's gangrene using a posteromedial thigh (PMT) perforator propeller flap. A 58 year‐old male who suffered from Fournier's gangrene resulted in a scrotal defect of 10 × 12 cm2 with a large dead space. A pedicled PMT propeller flap measuring 9 × 23 cm2 with two perforators that originated from the profunda femoris artery (PFA) was harvested for scrotal defect reconstruction and dead space obliteration. The flap survived completely, with no recipient or donor site morbidity. The length of followup was 3 months and was uneventful. The pedicled PMT propeller flap may be considered as a valid option for perineoscrotal reconstruction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:569–572, 2015.