bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Term Trade Analysis of Fisher in Karimunjawa Village, Jepara
Authors: Zharif Naufal , Rizal Achmad , Maulina Ine , Mulyani Yuniar , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka
Published: July 2022

Traditional fishermen are the most dominant fishermen in Indonesia. Unfortunately, it is not directly proportional to fishing technology, capital, and available markets. Uncertain revenue from fishing causes fishermen communities find it difficult to meet their subsistence needs. This study aims to determine the term of trade of fishers and the factors that influence the term of trade of fishers in Karimunjawa Village, Jepara District. Data collection was carried out from August 31, 2021, to September 11, 2021, in Karimunjawa Subdistrict, particularly on the Coast of Karimunjawa Village during the transitional season. The formulation of Fisher's Term of trade Analysis as a tool in measuring the level of welfare. The research method used in this study is a survey method with the list of questions presented in the questionnaire. This research uses an accidental sampling technique in taking sample data. The total respondents used in this study amounted to 45 samples based on the Slovin formula with 87,5%. The results showed that the term of trade of fishers in Karimunjawa Village is 1.026 (FTT > 1); this indicates that the average fishers can meet their subsistence needs. And the factor that affects the term of trade of fishers is the revenue of fishery products (X3) with a significance value of 0.002.
The Utilization of Vegetable Waste on the Growth of Java Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and Kissing Gourami Fish (Helostoma temminckii) (Case Study of Traditional Market in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Rostika Rita , Pratiwi Dian Yuni
Published: July 2022

This study aims to calculate the production of vegetable waste from several traditional markets in Bandung City, select vegetable waste, and provide selected vegetable waste to Java Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and Kissing Gourami fish (Helostoma temminckii). The method used in calculating the production of market vegetable waste is to use secondary data, while the test feeds on fish using a Completely Randomized Design. The results obtained from this study are the production of vegetable waste from the 9 markets surveyed reached a total of 2,628.37 kg/day. The types of vegetable waste selected for the test fish feed were water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and mustard greens (Brassica juncea). The best absolute growth value was obtained in pond fish with an absolute growth value of 63.76 g. Based on the results of the study, traditional market vegetable waste can be a solution to reduce vegetable waste and as cheap alternative feed ingredients.
Adherence and Counselling on Antiretroviral Regimen: A Cross-sectional Study of Adults’ Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital
Authors: Cudjoe Miller, Marian
Published: July 2022

Objective: Antiretroviral therapy is an effective technique for controlling virus spread and extending the lives of those who are infected. The focus of the research was to look at the link with compliance and counseling in HIV-infected people at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra, Ghana.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken on 103 HIV-infected people who had been taking ART for more than 6 months at the hospital. The study employed a basic random sampling approach, which provided each participant with an equal opportunity to participate. Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used to evaluate the quantitative data. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to characterize patients' social-demographic characteristics. To explore about a linkage with adherence and counseling, correlation was used.

Results: Data of the study was analyzed with SPSS using correlation. Based on the results, the study discovered a substantial linear link between counseling and antiretroviral medication adherence, with a Pearson r correlation of .318 and a significant linear of.001.

Conclusion: This implies that a counseling session might aid in the understanding of facts provided regarding the infection and medicine, as well as in adhering to the regimen prescribed. In addition, aids in the minimization of the fear of stigmatization.
A Generalized Topology from the Edge Set of Maximal Paths of Directed Graphs
Authors: Laping Darlene Dale L. , Balingit Cherry Mae R.
Published: July 2022

This study intends to provide a fundamental step towards studying the properties of directed graphs with their corresponding generalized topological spaces. A generalized topology (GT) \(\mu\) on a nonempty set X is defined as a family of subsets of X such that \(\Theta\) and an arbitrary union of sets in \(\mu\) is in \(\mu\) . In this study, we introduce a new generalized topology generated by the set of edges of maximal paths of the directed graph D called the maximal path edge generalized topology (MPE\(\Gamma\)), denoted by \(\Gamma\)MP (D). The basic topological properties and connectedness  in the context of this new structure are explored and illustrated. In particular, this paper established that (E(D); \(\Gamma\)MP (D)) is a strong generalized topological space and characterized the open and closed sets in this space. Moreover, it was seen that the MPE\(\Gamma\) space of every disconnected digraph is \(\Gamma\)MPMP -disconnected and the MPE\(\Gamma\) space of every connected digraph is also characterized.
Gibbs Free Energy Change (∆G) in Aqueous Dissociation of Benzoic Acid at Temperature ‘K’: A Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Mishra Shiv Prakash , Singh R. P.
Published: July 2022

In article, we have reported a thermodynamic based study of the Gibbs free energy change (∆G) in aqueous dissociation of benzoic acid at Kelvin temperature range in between of 288 K to 318 K. Thermodynamically, at this Kelvin temperatures range the dissociation constant (Ka) of benzoic acid into aqueous solutions have been determined by applying of titration method against standard basic solution of NaOH at different concentrations or ionic strength of NaCl. In observation, the value of Ka is being inversely proportional with respect to temperature in between 289 K to 303 K, and at higher temperature in between 303 K to 314 K, it being directly proportional. This is reported that, there are no regular correlation in between temperature and Ka of that acid. In graph, the plot has shown the value of Ka of benzoic acid is being 4.176 at 298 K temperature. Thus, in finding of precious results for benzoic acid dissociation into water an applying the Gibbs free energy change relationship (∆G = ∆H - T∆S) for endothermic or exothermic reaction process at standard condition of thermodynamic parameters. These parameters value (in kJ.mol-1) are being as ∆G = 12.507, ∆H = 3.823 and ∆S = -29.14. And, at 298 K, it is show that the acid dissociation into aqueous solvent is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process with ordered entropy (∆S).
A Temperature Based Model for Cotton Mealybug to Development, Survival and Population Growth Potential
Authors: Vinithraja R. , Ravikumar R. , Selvaraj K. N. , Anandhi V.
Published: July 2022

Aims: Based on the different temperature model, analysis the cotton mealy bug growth, developmental, survival, mortality, and reproduction rate.

Place and Duration of Study: This secondary data were collected from Central Institute of Cotton Research, Coimbatore.

Methodology: In this study, we used models like the Sharpe and DeMichele model, the Wang model, the Polynomial model, the Stinner model, and the Gaussian model. To measure the goodness-of-fit criteria, the model performance has been assured using Coefficient of Determination (R2), Alkaline Information Criteria (AIC), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute error (MAE), Relative Absolute Error (RAE) and Relative Standard Error (RSE).

Result and Conclusion: From the Sharpe and Demichele and Polynomial models, male have highest R2 and least error values. From the Wang model, nymph 3 has highest R2 and least error values. When compare all models the Polynomial model have highest R2 and least error values. So it is the best fit model compare to all the models.
Comparison between Different Mustard Yield Prediction Models Developed using Various Techniques for Udaipur Region of Rajasthan
Authors: Mishra Adita , Rawat Shraddha , Gautam Shweta , Mishra Ekta P.
Published: July 2022

The present research was conducted to develop and compare mustard yield prediction models using SPSS regression, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Mustard crop is one of the major rabi crops of India with Rajasthan as the leading mustard producing state. In this study, eight different weather parameters were used to develop mustard yield prediction model, with different yield prediction techniques. Weather and yield data from year 1999 to 2015 were utilised for calibration and year 2016 to 2018 for validation. Three different algorithms were used in ANN to predict mustard yield. Time series model (ARIMA) is another technique used in this study to forecast mustard yield for Udaipur district. In order to analyse and compare error(s) in the developed models and to compare simulated and actual/observed yield, different error indices like root mean square error (RMSE), standardized root mean square error (SRMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and D Index were considered. The validated results showed that, regression model spss performed better than other two models as the RMSE value using SPSS model was very less (0.12 to 0.14), also the D index value using regression model was close to 1.
Structural Evaluating the Production of Paving Stone by Using Recycled Nylon and Plastic Wastes
Authors: Olawale O. Obadimu , Shittu M. B. , Abdullateef O. Alabi
Published: July 2022

This research project is concerned with the Structural Evaluating the Production of Paving Stones by Using Recycled Nylon and Plastic Waste. Nylon and Plastics have become  widely used materials in Nigeria, ranging from home, commercial and industrial use. Managing the wastes generated through the industrial booms has become a concern because of its harmful environmental effects. The study work is mainly limited to the Federal Polytechnic  Offa and Offa community in Kwara State for materials gathering for data collection. This  study assesses the volume of nylon and plastic wastes generated within the study area. Three samples of wastes (polymer) named A, B and C ' sachet water's nylon, packaging nylon  and pet bottles', were selected for the process. The recycling process involves sorting,  cleaning, and drying. Further, the thermoplastic materials undergo a melting process using a temperature range of 150-165oC with the aggregate compositions of moulding materials and produced eight prototype models of paving stones. The sample was subjected to a water absorption test, flexural test, and oven test and observed that; samples A, B and C in ratios 1:1, 1:1, and 1:2 have greater values of tested parameters compared to paving stone made with conventional cement and granite dust. Hence, paving stones made from nylon and plastic materials (Polymers) have greater strength and resistance to water absorption. Therefore, the researchers suggested an open platform for a close collaboration between the government and the professionals in the built environment to encourage the use of waste material to replace  cement.
A Repertoire of Antibody after Complete Vaccination of Covishield Concerning Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus- 2- an Observational Study
Authors: Anusreeraj R. S. , Dharan Shaiju S. , Biju Abhijith , Aiswarya S. , Alfiya R. , Rajan Alina
Published: July 2022

Aim: To assess the repertoire of antibody after complete vaccination of covishield concerning SARS-CoV-2.

Study Design: Observational Study.

Place And Duration of Study: The study was conducted in community area in Kerala for a duration of six months from January 2022 to June 2022.

Methodology: The study was conducted in community area using 30 samples. The participants who fulfill inclusion criteria were selected and samples were collected by convenience sampling from the community and analyzed by the DDRC (Doctor’s Diagnostic and Research Centre) by using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The collected data was statistically interpreted using SPSS software version 26.0 and the development of antibody after complete dose of vaccination was analyzed.

Results: In this study blood samples were collected from 30 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Out of 30 subjects, 12 were females and 18 were males. The mean interval between the doses were 91.63. All the 30 samples produced antibodies greater than 250 U/ml. The study helps to provide qualitative evidence that the vaccine produces antibody response.

Conclusion: Covid-19 vaccines are being available into public for human use after limited testing and trials. Many efforts are being directed towards development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The information made available from this study can be utilized to  prove that covishield vaccine is effective for producing antibodies. Most of the people took vaccines since it was mandatory rather than concerning its benefits. By providing evidence of antibody development after complete vaccination can improve the public attitude towards the vaccination.
Phytochemical Nanocarrier: A Green Approach towards Cancer Therapy
Authors: Devne S. R. , Kashikar V.
Published: July 2022

Phytochemicals serve as a promising and effective research area with a bright future. Researchers have faced a serious challenge in designing and developing an alternative, eco-friendly, biocompatible, and cost-effective strategy in a greener way due to the rising incidence of cancer, expensive treatment, various limitations in conventional therapy, and high toxicity of current anticancer drugs. Using a Novel drug delivery system for phytomolecules is expected to overcome the drawback of cancer treatment. The present review article is directed to supply an overview of Current cancer therapy via phytochemicals.
Editorial
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Greenberger Scott W.
Published: July 2022

Since the first issue in June 2018, the journal has had steady, substantial, and transformative growth. With the completion of Volume 3, Issue 1, the journal has now published 33 articles, involving 49 different scholars affiliated with 10 different universities. We have published innovative manuscripts, such as reflective essays, community engagement portfolios, and professional profiles, as well as standard empirical articles. In addition, we have made the manuscripts available in an open access format on our website, and through the continued and gracious sponsorship of Grand Canyon University, we have published more than 50 print copies for each issue.
Clinical experience of volumetric‐modulated flattening filter free stereotactic body radiation therapy of lesions in the lung with deep inspiration breath‐hold
Authors: Mørkeset Siri T. , Lervåg Christoffer , Lund Jo‐Åsmund , Jensen Christer
Published: July 2022

This clinical study aimed to evaluate lung cancer patients’ ability to perform deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) during CT simulation and throughout the treatment course of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). In addition, target sizes, organ at risk (OAR) sizes, and doses to the respective volumes in filter‐free volumetric‐modulated arc therapy plans performed under free‐breathing (FB) and DIBH conditions were evaluated. Twenty‐one patients with peripheral lesions were included, of which 13 were eligible for SBRT. All patients underwent training for breath‐hold during CT, and if they complied with the requirements, two CT scans were obtained: CT scan in DIBH and a four‐dimensional CT scan in FB. The treatment plans in FB and DIBH were generated, and the dose parameters and volume sizes were compared. The endpoints for evaluation were patient compliance, target dose coverage, and doses to the OARs. This clinical study showed high patient DIBH compliance during both CT simulation and treatment for patients with lung cancer. A significant reduction in target volumes was achieved with SBRT in DIBH, in addition to significantly decreased doses to the heart, chest wall, and lungs. DIBH in SBRT of lung lesions is feasible, and a routine to manage intra‐fractional deviation should be established upon implementation.
Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine: From Matrix Design to Application
Authors: Jung MoonSun , Ghamrawi Sarah , Du Eric Y. , Gooding J. Justin , Kavallaris Maria
Published: July 2022

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex owing to its heterogeneous composition and dynamic nature. This makes tumors difficult to replicate using traditional 2D cell culture models that are frequently used for studying tumor biology and drug screening. This often leads to poor translation of results between in vitro and in vivo and is reflected in the extremely low success rates of new candidate drugs delivered to the clinic. Therefore, there has been intense interest in developing 3D tumor models in the laboratory that are representative of the in vivo tumor microenvironment and patient samples. 3D bioprinting is an emerging technology that enables the biofabrication of structures with the virtue of providing accurate control over distribution of cells, biological molecules, and matrix scaffolding. This technology has the potential to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo by closely recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Here, a brief overview of the tumor microenvironment is provided and key considerations in biofabrication of tumor models are discussed. Bioprinting techniques and choice of bioinks for both natural and synthetic polymers are also outlined. Lastly, current bioprinted tumor models are reviewed and the perspectives of how clinical applications can greatly benefit from 3D bioprinting technologies are offered.
Percolated Plasmonic Superlattices of Nanospheres with 1 nm‐Level Gap as High‐Index Metamaterials
Authors: Shin Dong‐In , Yoo Seong Soo , Park Seong Hun , Lee Gaehang , Bae Wan Ki , Kwon Seok Joon , Yoo Pil Jin , Yi Gi‐Ra
Published: July 2022

Nanophotonics relies on precise control of refractive index (RI) which can be designed with metamaterials. Plasmonic superstructures of nanoparticles (NPs) can suggest a versatile way of tuning RI. However, the plasmonic effects in the superstructures demand 1 nm‐level exquisite control over the interparticle gap, which is challenging in a sub‐wavelength NPs. Thus far, a large‐area demonstration has been mostly discouraged. Here, heteroligand AuNPs are prepared, which are stable in oil but become Janus particles at the oil–water interface, called “adaptive Janus particles.” NPs are bound at the interface and assembled into 2D arrays over square centimeters as toluene evaporates, which distinctively exhibits the RI tunability. In visible and NIR light, the 2D superstructures exhibit the highest‐ever RI (≈7.8) with varying the size and interparticle gap of NPs, which is successfully explained by a plasmonic percolation model. Furthermore, fully solution‐processable 2D plasmonic superstructures are proved to be advantageous in flexible photonic devices such as distributed Bragg reflectors.
A Real‐Time Capacitive Sensor to Detect the Stability of Salvinia Layers on Porous Superhydrophobic Polymers Under Shear
Authors: Pezeshkpour Pegah , Sachsenheimer Kai , Goralczyk Andreas , Mayoussi Fadoua , Mader Markus , Kotz‐Helmer Frederik , Helmer Dorothea , Rapp Bastian E.
Published: July 2022

Superhydrophobicity can be achieved by combining sufficiently low surface energy with a suitable surface roughness. Repellency in such surfaces is the result of the so‐called Salvinia layer, a small layer of air trapped between the superhydrophobic surface and a wetting fluid that prevents the fluid touching the surface. The drawback of the Salvinia layer is its instability due to either shear forces or the air dissolving in the passing fluid. When the air layer is lost, the coating loses its superhydrophobic properties. The direct observation of air layer is of high interest for many applications, specially for determining its behavior under shear. Here, a real‐time study of Salvinia layer on a porous superhydrophobic polymer, Fluoropor, by means of a capacitive sensor under shear in water is presented. The initial thickness of the Salvinia layer on Fluoropor‐coated electrodes is measured and the time of degradation for three Fluoropor thicknesses 30, 50, and 75 µm using degassed and nondegassed water at two flow rates, i.e., 0.35 and 0.7 mL min−1 is quantified. The sensor quantitatively assesses that Salvinia layer degrades fast for thin Fluoropor layer under higher shear but remains stable for up to 17 h in nondegassed water for thicker layers.
Dual‐Enhanced Effect of Ionic Liquid Incorporation on Improving Hybrid Harvesting Properties of Solar and Raindrop Energy
Authors: Song Jinsha , Mu Jiliang , Li Zhengyang , Feng Chengpeng , Geng Wenping , Hou Xiaojuan , He Jian , Chou Xiujian
Published: July 2022

Ubiquitous environmental energy has become an important energy source for ensuring long‐lasting operation of unattended monitoring systems. However, several technical bottlenecks remain for achieving improved collection performance of environmental energy. Herein, a transparent composite film comprising micro‐pyramid arrays (mp‐arrays) and a conductive ionic liquid (IL) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is innovatively generated as a difunctional layer that acts as an antireflective coating for solar cells and an enhanced triboelectric layer for the raindrop‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (RH‐TENG). The regular mp‐arrays fabricated using the template transfer technology according to the matched refractive index between IL and PDMS effectively inhibit the surface reflection and improve the light trapping ability of solar cells. Owing to a significant increase in transmittance, the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell is enhanced by 10.92% owing to the IL@PDMS coating with mp‐arrays (mp‐IL@PDMS). Further, the conductive IL significantly improves the dielectricity of PDMS film. Due to the improved dielectric constant, increased aspect ratio, and excellent hydrophobicity, the output voltage and current of the RH‐TENG with mp‐IL@PDMS are enhanced by ≈24‐ and 44‐fold, respectively. Overall, this study, which is based on the incorporation of transparent conductive IL, provides a new technical path for efficient multiclimate energy harvesting.
Thermal Conductivity of BAs under Pressure
Authors: Hou Songrui , Sun Bo , Tian Fei , Cai Qingan , Xu Youming , Wang Shanmin , Chen Xi , Ren Zhifeng , Li Chen , Wilson Richard B.
Published: July 2022

The thermal conductivity of boron arsenide (BAs) is believed to be influenced by phonon scattering selection rules due to its special phonon dispersion. Compression of BAs leads to significant changes in phonon dispersion, which allows for a test of first principles theories for how phonon dispersion affects three‐ and four‐phonon scattering rates. This study reports the thermal conductivity of BAs from 0 to 30 GPa. Thermal conductivity vs. pressure of BAs is measured by time‐domain thermoreflectance with a diamond anvil cell. In stark contrast to what is typical for nonmetallic crystals, BAs is observed to have a pressure independent thermal conductivity below 30 GPa. The thermal conductivity of nonmetallic crystals typically increases upon compression. The unusual pressure independence of BAs's thermal conductivity shows the important relationship between phonon dispersion properties and three‐ and four‐phonon scattering rates.
Incorporating Conducting Polypyrrole into a Polyimide COF for Carbon‐Free Ultra‐High Energy Supercapacitor
Authors: Haldar Sattwick , Rase Deepak , Shekhar Pragalbh , Jain Chitvan , Vinod Chathakudath Prabhakaran , Zhang En , Shupletsov Leonid , Kaskel Stefan , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: July 2022

Redox‐active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) store charges but possess inadequate electronic conductivity. Their capacitive action works by storing H+ ions in an acidic electrolyte and is typically confined to a small voltage window (0–1 V). Increasing this window means higher energy and power density, but this risks COF stability. Advantageously, COF's large pores allow the storage of polarizable bulky ions under a wider voltage thus reaching higher energy density. Here, a COF–electrode–electrolyte system operating at a high voltage regime without any conducting carbon or redox active oxides is presented. Conducting polypyrrole (Ppy) chains are synthesized within a polyimide COF to gain electronic conductivity (≈10 000‐fold). A carbon‐free quasi‐solid‐state capacitor assembled using this composite showcases high pseudo‐capacitance (358 mF cm−2@1 mA cm−2) in an aqueous gel electrolyte. The synergy among the redox‐active polyimide COF, polypyrrole and organic electrolytes allows a wide‐voltage window (0–2.5 V) leading to high energy (145 μWh cm−2) and power densities (4509 μW cm−2). Amalgamating the polyimide‐COF and the polypyrrole as one material minimizes the charge and mass transport resistances. Computation and experiments reveal that even a partial translation of the modules/monomers intrinsic electronics to the COF imparts excellent electrochemical activity. The findings unveil COF‐confined polymers as carbon‐free energy storage materials.
The Crystalline Behavior and Device Function of Nonfullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Jinqiu , Lin Francis , Zhu Lei , Zhang Ming , Hao Tianyu , Zhou Guanqing , Gao Ke , Zou Yecheng , Wei Gang , Yi Yuanping , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: July 2022

The current research investigates the structure features and intermolecular interactions of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in single crystal and thin films, as well as their solar cell applications. Guiding parameters and key intermolecular forces that lead to 2D brickwork or 3D web packing are identified. The atomic modification is shown as the key to induce hydrogen bonding or π–π stacking column, which results in different crystalline packing. The molecular assembly in thin film is initiated by hydrogen bonding, and completed by π–π stacking reorganization. The packing energy is seen as a guiding parameter that dictates the NFA crystalline morphology in blended thin films. The crystalline packing motif is not directly related with device efficiency. However, the crystalline morphology is the key parameter to influence exciton/carrier dynamics and device performance. A broader picture on the scaling behavior of organic semiconductor crystals ranging from oligoacenes to NFAs is established.
Efficient and Stable Blue Light Emitting Diodes Based on CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets with Surface Passivation by a Multifunctional Organic Sulfate
Authors: Liu He , Worku Michael , Mondal Animesh , Shonde Tunde Blessed , Chaaban Maya , Ben‐Akacha Azza , Lee Sujin , Gonzalez Fabiola , Olasupo Oluwadara , Lin Xinsong , Vellore Winfred J. S. Raaj , Xin Yan , Lochner Eric , Ma Biwu
Published: July 2022

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as highly promising light emitting materials for various applications, ranging from perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) to lasers and radiation detectors. While remarkable progress has been achieved in highly efficient and stable green, red, and infrared perovskite NCs, obtaining efficient and stable blue‐emitting perovskite NCs remains a great challenge. Here, a facile synthetic approach for the preparation of blue emitting CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets (NPLs) with treatment by an organic sulfate is reported, 2,2‐(ethylenedioxy) bis(ethylammonium) sulfate (EDBESO4), which exhibit remarkably enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) and stability as compared to pristine CsPbBr3 NPLs coated with oleylamines. The PLQE is improved from ≈28% for pristine CsPbBr3 NPLs to 85% for EDBESO4 treated CsPbBr3 NPLs. Detailed structural characterizations reveal that EDBESO4 treatment leads to surface passivation of CsPbBr3 NPLs by both EDBE2+ and SO42– ions, which helps to prevent the coalescence of NPLs and suppress the degradation of NPLs. A simple proof‐of‐concept device with emission peaked at 462 nm exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 1.77% with a luminance of 691 cd m−2 and a half‐lifetime of 20 min, which represents one of the brightest pure blue PeLEDs based on NPLs reported to date.
Achieving High Power Density and Durability of Sliding Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Double Charge Supplement Strategy
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Luo Yingjin , Cheng Renwei , Shu Sheng , An Jie , Berbille Andy , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a promising energy harvesting technology for distributed power sources, faces inevitable issues regarding long‐term wear and durability. However, current low‐wear TENGs are impaired by lower performances due to low charge density. Here, both issues are addressed using a double charge supplement TENG (DCS‐TENG). Adding two low friction charge brushes allows the DCS‐TENG to achieve a high surface charge density (76.5 µC m−2) and power density (697.5 mW m−2 Hz–1), setting a new record among previously reported low‐wear TENGs. Moreover, the device exhibits unprecedented durability with an attenuation of only 5% after continuous operation for 110 h (3 960 000 cycles). Using a customized energy management module, a 3 × 7 hygrothermograph array, a high‐power vehicle's radar and accelerometer modules are stably powered, demonstrating the DCS‐TENG's strong electrical load capacity. This strategy provides a facile and effective path to conjointly boost power output and durability of TENGs, taking them to the next level for practical applications.
Setting the standard: Does Rainforest Alliance Certification increase environmental and socio‐economic outcomes for small‐scale coffee producers in Rwanda?
Authors: Gather Johanna , Wollni Meike
Published: July 2022

Sustainability certification has become an important tool for promoting sustainable agricultural value chains. Nevertheless, its economic and environmental effects on the producer level remain unclear. We investigate the relationship of Rainforest Alliance Certification with socio‐economic and environmental outcomes in Rwanda and consider potential tradeoffs between dimensions. To reduce potential selection bias in the econometric estimation, we use inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. We find no significant association between certification and socio‐economic indicators but a significant correlation between certification and good agricultural practices and biodiversity‐related practices. Effects on economic outcomes and biodiversity‐related practices are linked; their relationship differs across climatic regions.
Hand grip strength, standing balance, and rapid foot tapping in relation to the menopausal transition in Campeche, Mexico
Authors: Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Huicochea‐Gómez Laura , Cahuich‐Campos Diana , Kent Jane A. , Brown Daniel E.
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This cross‐sectional study investigated menopause status in relation to hand grip strength, standing balance, and rapid foot tapping. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship between physical performance and urban/rural residence with a focus on habitual daily tasks.

Methods

Maya and non‐Maya women (40–60 years) were drawn from urban and rural sites in Campeche, Mexico (n = 543). Demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle information was collected in face‐to‐face interviews along with anthropometric and physical function measures. Linear regression was used to evaluate menopause status in relation to strength, balance, and foot tapping speed while adjusting for residence, ethnicity, and other variables.

Results

Hand grip strength was 22.5, 21.6, and 20.0 kg in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal women, respectively, but menopause status was not significantly related to grip strength in models adjusted for age. Grip strength was negatively associated with age and socioeconomic index, and positively associated with height and weight, self‐reported health, and hours/week spent grinding corn/making tortillas. Postural stability was 9.4, 6.9, and 5.6 s across menopause categories; and menopause status remained significant in adjusted models. The number of foot taps in 10 s was 35.7, 33.4, and 33.9 taps in pre‐, peri‐, and postmenopausal women. Parity was negatively associated with foot tapping in adjusted models.

Conclusions

While age is a key predictor of physical function in women aged 40–60 years, menopausal status appears to have additional influences on postural control beyond age alone. Hours spent grinding corn/making tortillas were significantly associated with grip strength among rural women.
Search for Short‐Duration Transient Gravitational Waves Emitted by Neutron Star Glitches
Authors: Lopez Dixeena ,   the LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA collaborations
Published: July 2022

Neutron stars are known to show an accelerated spin‐up of their rotational frequency on a short time scale of around 40 s, called a “glitch” in the neutron star. These neutron star glitches can emit short‐duration transient gravitational wave signals as f‐mode oscillations at frequencies between 1.5 and 3 kHz and damping times of less than a few seconds. The observed rate of neutron star glitches are currently limited by their electromagnetic observations. There could be a population of the isolated neutron stars in the galaxy for which there is no electromagnetic observation, but they can produce gravitational wave signals. Here, the sensitivity of the generic all‐sky search for short‐duration transients towards neutron star glitches during the Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run using the Coherent WaveBurst algorithm is presented. The prospects of detecting signals from such glitching neutron stars for the upcoming fourth and fifth observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors are also described.
Unexpected intraoperative hypotension in a chronic cocaine user
Authors: O'Donnell K. , Boyle S. , Abdulrahman S. , O'Leary E.
Published: July 2022

It is not uncommon for patients to present for procedures under anaesthesia with a history of recent cocaine use. The acute effects of cocaine toxicity are well documented, but the pathophysiological changes caused by chronic use are complex and can result in unexpected cardiovascular responses and interactions with anaesthetic agents. In this case report, we describe an episode of hypotension under general anaesthesia, likely due to catecholamine depletion, an unusual but significant consequence of chronic cocaine use. It should be treated with intravenous fluids and direct‐acting vasopressors such as phenylephrine or noradrenaline, as they are likely to be more effective than indirect acting agents. As the prevalence of cocaine use continues to increase, anaesthesia providers need to not only be familiar with the treatment of acute cocaine toxicity, but also to anticipate and manage the cardiovascular changes associated with chronic use of this drug.
Fabrication and evaporation time investigation of water treatment membranes using green solvents and recycled polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Lu David , Babaniamansour Parto , Williams Alex , Opfar Kassandra , Nurick Parker , Escobar Isabel C.
Published: July 2022

Many materials traditionally used for polymeric membrane fabrication incur significant environmental impacts and limit sustainability of the process; therefore, more eco‐friendly materials are needed in membrane fabrication. In this study, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) and a solvent blend of Rhodiasolv® PolarClean (PolarClean) and gamma‐valerolactone (GVL) were used as eco‐friendly materials to fabricate polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membranes. The calculated Hansen solubility parameter affinity and relative energy difference values for PET and PolarClean‐GVL of 6.94 and 0.86, respectively, indicate favorable dissolution to create the preceding dope solution. At a baseline evaporation time of 30 s, the resulting rPET‐PSf/PolarClean‐GVL membranes outperformed the filtration capabilities of PSf/NMP membranes with 3.5% higher permeability (23.4 LMH/bar) and 53.2% greater rejection (84.9%) of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Increasing the evaporation time to 60 s resulted in a 32.4 LMH/bar decrease in permeability and 0.8% increase in BSA rejection, whereas decreasing the evaporation time to 0 s generally led to a 235.8 LMH/bar increase in permeability and 4% increase in BSA rejection. The findings indicate the potential for eco‐friendly materials to serve as alternatives for traditional materials in polymeric membranes.
Three‐dimensional hierarchical nanostructured porous epoxidized natural rubber latex/poly(vinyl alcohol) material for oil/water separation
Authors: Gao Qiangmin , Cheng Shangru , Wang Xincheng , Tang Yaokai , Yuan Yingxin , Li Anqi , Guan Shanshan
Published: July 2022

In the past few decades, many interesting biomaterials with unforeseen properties have attracted considerable attention due to its unique micro‐nano structure. In this work, a bio‐inspired design was proposed to develop the epoxidized natural rubber latex (ENRL)@polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) three‐dimensional (3D) porous material. Herein, the obtained epoxidized natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (ENR@PVA) exhibits a “grapevine‐grape” like networks with robust PVA as “grapevine” and soft latex particles as “grape”. Owing to the synergistic effect of those hierarchical micro‐nano structures and abundant hydrophilic oxygen‐containing groups, the ENR@PVA exhibits superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic functionality. Accordingly, benefiting from the superwettability features, the ENR@PVA shows superior separation (oil rejections are all above 99.5%) and anti‐fouling performances. More importantly, the integration of excellent flexibility and mechanical robustness guarantees a superior mechanical stability for sustainable reusability and oil recovery in the practical applications. Therefore, the research findings might promote the development of the 3D porous material and its future application for high performance oily wastewater remediation.
Gas permselectivity of novel polypyrrolone—Silica hybrid membranes
Authors: Suzuki Tomoyuki , Asano Ayumi
Published: July 2022

Gas permselectivity behaviors of novel thermally‐rearranged polypyrrolone (PPL)—silica hybrid membranes obtained by applying thermal rearrangement of poly(ortho‐amino imide) as a precursor polymer and sol–gel reaction using tetraethoxysilane were investigated. Gas permeability of neat PPL membranes improved with the increase in rearranged temperature, which was brought by the increased fractional free volume attributed to the enlargement of intermolecular chain distance. H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation abilities of the PPL—silica hybrid membranes improved and tended to cross‐corresponding upper bound trade‐off lines as the silica content increased. The admirable H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 separation abilities would be provided by the cooperative effect of high fractional free volume derived from the conversion toward PPL and expansion‐suppressed free volume elements at the polymer—silica interfaces.
The effects of the linker length on iodine adsorption and fluorescence sensing property of the N, O, P containing covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Wang FengQiang , Geng TongMou , Fang XueChun , Xu Heng
Published: July 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are novel porous organic materials with structural tunable features and have great potential applications in iodine adsorption and fluorescence sensing. We explore the effect of linker length on the function of the COFs prepared through the Schiff base aldehyde‐amine polycondensation with different linkers in lengths. The linker length affects the specific surface area, aperture, pore volume, and electron density of the COFs, thus affecting the ability to bind with other substances. The synthetic HPDA and HDAT in this report showed excellent iodine adsorption of 4.53 and 3.92 g g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, HPDA and HDAT are quite sensitive to the fluorescence sensing of picric acid (PA) and o‐nitrophenol (o‐NP) with their limits of detection of 1.86 × 10−11, 4.69 × 10−11 mol L−1, respectively. HPDA and HDAT can be outstanding adsorbents for iodine and excellent fluorescent sensors for PA and o‐NP, respectively.
Digitalisierung und BIM in der Geotechnik – Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen
Authors: Wilfing Lisa , Boley Conrad
Published: July 2022

Gemäß den Vorgaben des BMVI (Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur) ist spätestens ab dem Jahr 2025 für Verkehrs‐ und Infrastrukturprojekte eine BIM‐gestützte (Building Information Modeling) Projektabwicklung gefordert. Bislang basierten die Anforderungen des Stufenplans (BMVI) jedoch ausschließlich auf den Bereichen Hochbau und Infrastrukturgewerke. Der Bereich Geotechnik bzw. die 3D‐Baugrundmodellierung steckt größtenteils noch in den Kinderschuhen, wobei die Digitalisierung auch in der Geotechnik bereits viele Möglichkeiten eröffnet hat. Hierzu zählen bspw. webbasierte GIS‐Anwendungen für die Baugrunderkundung. Die Projektbeteiligten können jederzeit mit mobilen Endgeräten auf projektrelevante Informationen zugreifen, die zur Planung sowie Überwachung von Erkundungsarbeiten von Bedeutung sind. Nach Abschluss der Erkundungen sind die Ergebnisse für zukünftige Projekte direkt in ein 3D‐Baugrundmodell zu überführen. Auf dem Markt existiert eine Vielzahl an Softwareprogrammen, wobei zwei Programme mit ihren Vor‐ und Nachteilen im folgenden Beitrag aufgeführt werden. Abschließend werden die Herausforderungen, aber auch die Möglichkeiten der BIM‐gestützten Planung dargestellt und die Aspekte aus dem Blickwinkel der Praxis beleuchtet.
Artificial neural networks in valorization process modeling of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Pradhan Dileswar , Jaiswal Swarna , Jaiswal Amit K.
Published: July 2022

Value‐added products such as biofuels, chemicals, enzymes, and many others can be prepared from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). To achieve high yields of these value‐added products, powerful tools such as artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) can be utilized during process development. In this article, we have therefore reviewed the recent application of ANN and ANFIS in modeling LCB valorization processes. Studies have shown the high predictive capability of both ANN and ANFIS for a range of different processes such as pre‐treatment processes (microwave‐assisted, organosolv‐, ultrasound‐assisted pre‐treatment and many others), thermal processes (pyrolysis and gasification), enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. These tools have also shown outstanding accuracy in predicting elemental composition and thermal characteristics of biomass by using only the proximate composition of LCB as the input information. In combination with evolutionary algorithms like genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization or ant colony optimization, the ANN and ANFIS tools have shown excellent results in obtaining operational conditions for the efficient production of bioethanol, biogas, organic acids, lignin, and enzymes. However, there are only limited reports of the application of ANN and ANFIS in enzyme, organic acid and lignin production. Further research is therefore required to assess the suitability of using these tools in process development for the production of lignin, enzymes, and organic acids. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Klimaverträglichkeit als Kriterium für Entwurf und Leistungsfähigkeit von Beton am Beispiel eines Kleintierdurchlasses der ÖBB
Authors: Juhart Joachim , Autischer Michael , Krüger Markus , Kari Hannes
Published: July 2022

Beton ist der weltweit meistverwendete Baustoff und wird u. a. aufgrund seiner hohen Leistungsfähigkeit, Vielseitigkeit und Beständigkeit für Infrastrukturbauten häufig eingesetzt. Seine Produktion und Verwendung verursacht allerdings signifikante Mengen an Treibhausgasemissionen (CO2eq). Jede Reduktion von CO2eq des Baustoffs trägt folglich dazu bei, das gesellschaftliche Ziel der CO2‐Neutralität zu erreichen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird an einem Kleintierdurchlass einer Eisenbahnlinie der ÖBB beispielhaft gezeigt, wie Klimaverträglichkeit bzw. CO2‐Äquivalente (kg CO2eq/m3) unmittelbar in den Mischungsentwurf eingehen. Es wird zudem ausgeführt, wie die wesentlichen Leistungsmerkmale klimaschonender Betone – das sind neben CO2‐Äquivalenten insbesondere deren Frühfestigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit – in ihrer Gesamtheit betrachtet und optimiert werden können. Dafür werden performancebasierte Konzepte zur Bindemitteloptimierung mit kombinierten Zusatzstoffen und zum Nachweis der Dauerhaftigkeit angewandt. Außerdem wird über Erfahrungen bei der Ausführung, Prüfung und Qualitätssicherung von CO2‐reduziertem Beton im Vergleich zu äquivalentem Standardbeton berichtet.
Beyond genotype‐phenotype maps: Toward a phenotype‐centered perspective on evolution
Authors: Brun‐Usan Miguel , Zimm Roland , Uller Tobias
Published: July 2022

Evolutionary biology is paying increasing attention to the mechanisms that enable phenotypic plasticity, evolvability, and extra‐genetic inheritance. Yet, there is a concern that these phenomena remain insufficiently integrated within evolutionary theory. Understanding their evolutionary implications would require focusing on phenotypes and their variation, but this does not always fit well with the prevalent genetic representation of evolution that screens off developmental mechanisms. Here, we instead use development as a starting point, and represent it in a way that allows genetic, environmental and epigenetic sources of phenotypic variation to be independent. We show why this representation helps to understand the evolutionary consequences of both genetic and non‐genetic phenotype determinants, and discuss how this approach can instigate future areas of empirical and theoretical research.
Discontinuation of pembrolizumab for advanced urothelial carcinoma without disease progression: Nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ito Katsuhiro , Kita Yuki , Yokomizo Akira , Miki Jun , Yoshio Yuko , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Segawa Takehiko , Karashima Takashi , Nishiyama Naotaka , Imai Kazuto , Suekane Shigetaka , Nagasawa Seiji , Higashi Shin , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Kobayashi Takashi
Published: July 2022

Pembrolizumab, an anti‐programmed death 1 monoclonal antibody, has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. However, the optimal treatment duration for treatment responders has not been established. To address this, we retrospectively assess the treatment outcomes and duration of pembrolizumab for patients whose best response was complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) in a Japanese nationwide cohort of platinum‐refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Of 203 patients whose best response was CR or PR, 83 patients discontinued pembrolizumab before progression. The median pembrolizumab treatment duration was 6.9 months. The 2‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS), treatment‐free survival, and OS rates after discontinuation were 49.0%, 57.4%, and 74.5%, respectively. CR, higher hemoglobin levels, and a better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at the time of discontinuation were associated with significantly better RFS. Pembrolizumab was re‐administered to 12 patients. Pembrolizumab re‐challenge resulted in CR, PR, stable disease, and progressive disease in six, three, two, and one patient, respectively. Propensity score‐matched landmark analysis revealed no significant OS difference between patients who continued or discontinued pembrolizumab at 6, 12, and 18 months (p = 0.91, 0.99, and 0.25, respectively). Our findings demonstrated that patients with objective responses had favorable survival outcomes and suggested that pembrolizumab could be discontinued safely in this population. This study should drive further efforts to optimize the treatment duration for pembrolizumab responders.