bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistence of Trachypithecus geei (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in a rubber plantation in Assam, India
Authors: Shil Joydeep , Biswas Jihosuo , Nag Sudipta , Kumara Honnavalli N.
Published: June 2021

Non-human primates are highly threatened as a result of habitat destruction, agricultural expansion, industrial development, large-scale build-ups and wildlife trafficking. Nearly 60% of all primates are threatened and many are found in habitats with some form of human modifications (e.g., croplands and plantations). The adaptability of primates to survive in human-modified habitats is thus a key to determine their persistence in anthropogenic landscapes. In this study, we examined the population number and age-sex composition of the ‘Endangered’ Golden Langur Trachypithecus geei in a rubber plantation in the Kokrajhar District in Assam, India in 2016, and compared with past data of the langur population and demographics from the same location to better understand the population dynamics, demographic characters and persistence of the Golden Langurs in the rubber plantation. In 2016, we recorded six groups of Golden Langurs totaling 78 individuals with a mean group size of 13.00±4.00SD. Of the total population, 10.29% were adult males, 41.18% were adult females, 32.35% were juveniles and 16.18% were infants. The overall population growth from 1997 to 2016 was estimated to be 5.54% per year. Habitat matrices of rubber plantations with natural forest patches are important in the fragmented landscape for the persistence of Golden Langur populations. They may also act as a corridor for the langurs to move between the fragments and as food resources, highlighting the importance of such matrices for the langurs outside protected areas. Population monitoring and ecological studies in such matrices would therefore be needed for the successful implementation of targeted management strategies for the conservation of these threatened langurs.
Medical Named Entity Recognition from Un-labelled Medical Records
based on Pre-trained Language Models and Domain Dictionary
Authors: Wen Chaojie , Chen Tao , Jia Xudong , Zhu Jiang
Published: June 2021

Medical named entity recognition (NER) is an area in which medical named entities are recognized from medical texts, such as diseases, drugs, surgery reports, anatomical parts, and examination documents. Conventional medical NER methods do not make full use of un-labelled medical texts embedded in medical documents. To address this issue, we proposed a medical NER approach based on pre-trained language models and a domain dictionary. First, we constructed a medical entity dictionary by extracting medical entities from labelled medical texts and collecting medical entities from other resources, such as the Yidu-N4K data set. Second, we employed this dictionary to train domain-specific pre-trained language models using un-labelled medical texts. Third, we employed a pseudo labelling mechanism in un-labelled medical texts to automatically annotate texts and create pseudo labels. Fourth, the BiLSTM-CRF sequence tagging model was used to fine-tune the pre-trained language models. Our experiments on the un-labelled medical texts, which were extracted from Chinese electronic medical records, show that the proposed NER approach enables the strict and relaxed F1 scores to be 88.7% and 95.3%, respectively.
Building a Comprehensive Rural Anti-Reflux Center
Authors: Fanous Medhat Y. , Jaehne Anja , Lorenson David , Williams Sarah
Published: June 2021

Background

Gastroesophageal disease (GERD) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disease. In rural areas, general surgeons perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) despite its low diagnostic yield. When EGD findings are equivocal, GERD patients are usually referred to tertiary hospitals for further workup. We envisaged establishing a comprehensive anti-reflux program with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in a rural setting.

Study Design

This is an IRB approved retrospective chart review of patients who presented with GERD symptoms to a rural anti-reflux clinic between August 2015 and February 2021. Standardized workup included upper gastrointestinal study and EGD with concomitant wireless pH placement. High resolution impedance manometry and gastric emptying scans were selectively utilized initially, then were performed routinely. We used endoFLIP impedance planimetry system starting in February 2019.

Results

A total of 830 patients were evaluated. There were 537 (64.6%) females and 293 (35.4%) males. The average age was 57.7 ± 15.2 years. The average BMI was 30.8 ± 6.7 kg/m2. Approximately one-third of these patients were referred by the primary care provider (PCP) within our health system and a comparable percentage from external PCPs. Self referral was noted in 15.4% and 19.2% were referred by different specialties such as pulmonary (10.7%), surgical for large hiatal hernia (5.8%), inpatient and emergency room (2%), and gastroenterology (0.7%).

Conclusion

Rural surgeons with appropriate endoscopic and laparoscopic training can establish a comprehensive anti-reflux program with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. It meets the high community need and can expand to be a regional center. The revenues generated are critical for the financial survival of rural hospitals.
Race and Insurance Status Disparities in Post-discharge Disposition After Hospitalization for Major Trauma
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Sutherland Mason , Gargano Toria , Kinslow Kyle , Liu Huazhi , McKenney Mark , Ang Darwin
Published: June 2021

Background

Investigations detailing predictive measures of hospital disposition after traumatic injury are scarce. We aim to examine the discharge practices among trauma centers in the US and to identify factors that may influence post-hospital disposition.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of trauma patients using the American College of Surgeons-Trauma Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2007-2017. Primary study outcome was hospital disposition (including long term care facility [LTC], others). Secondary outcomes included: Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-length of stay (LOS), complications, others).

Results

6 899 538 patients were analyzed. Odds of LTC discharge was significantly higher for Black patients (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI:1.24-1.37), abbreviated injury score (AIS) ≥3 (aOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 4.05-4.39), and higher injury severity score (ISS) (aOR = 9.41, 95% CI:9.03-9.80). Significantly more self-pay patients were discharged home compared to other insurance types ( P < .0001). Significantly longer hospital- and ICU-LOS were experienced by those who had an AIS ≥3 (hospital: 4.8 days (±7.1) vs. 7.9 (±10.1); ICU: 4.6 (±6.9) vs. 5.9 (±7.9), P < .0001) and had a high ISS (hospital: 4.5 days (±5.9) vs. 16.8 (±17.9); ICU: 3.6 (±5.0) vs. 10.2 (±11.5), P < .0001).

Conclusions

Patient race, insurance status, and injury severity were predictive of post-hospitalization care discharge. Self-pay and Black patients were less likely to be discharged to secondary care facilities. These findings have the potential to improve in-hospital patient management and predict discharge secondary care needs, and necessitate the need for future research to investigate the extent of inequalities in access to trauma care.
Regional Population-Based Workforce Shortages in General Surgery by Practicing Surgeon and Resident Trainee
Authors: Zagales Israel , Bourne Mitchell , Sutherland Mason , Pasarin Anthony , Zagales Ruth , Awan Muhammed , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel
Published: June 2021

Background

The physician shortage in the United States (US) continues to become more apparent. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the US physician distribution from 2012-2019 by specialty at the state/regional level relative to the corresponding population growth.

Methods

US matched residents and practicing physicians from 2012-2019 were extracted from the National Resident Matching Program and Association of American Medical College databases, respectively. Residents and practicing physicians were divided by geographic regions (West, Midwest, South, Northeast), states, and specialties (anesthesiology, emergency medicine, family medicine, general surgery (GS), internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology and pediatrics).

Results

Entering residents and physicians increased across 7 specialties from 2012-2019 with the exception of GS, which showed .2% decrease in practicing physicians. GS experienced decreases in entering residents in all US regions except the South. All specialties showed a decrease in the people-per-physician (PPP) except GS and pediatrics, which had a 4.1% and 71.3% increase, respectively. EM showed the largest growth overall, both in entering residents and overall workforce.

Conclusion

GS experienced slow growth of residents, decreases in practicing physicians and workforce overall, and an increase in PPP from 2012-2019. Our findings suggest that current population growth rate is exceeding the rate of physicians entering the field of GS and highlights the need for interventions to promote the recruitment of GS residents and retainment of attending physicians, particularly for rural areas. Future research to measure surgeon distribution in relation to patient outcomes and the efficacy of recent policy to address shortages can help define additional interventions to address physician shortages moving forward.
Are rights really so wrong? A response to Nigel Biggar’s What’s Wrong with Rights
Authors: Kincaid Elisabeth Rain
Published: June 2021

In my response to Nigel Biggar’s book What’s Wrong with Rights, I argue that an epidemic of rights-fundamentalism does not require the complete rejection of all rights language. Rather, it is possible to use rights language in a way that reconceptualizes and broadens our understanding of duty, and advances our moral discourse and growth in virtue, rather than hindering it. To demonstrate this point, I contrast Biggar’s example of a problematic ruling by the Canadian Supreme Court with a more thoughtful and nuanced approach to rights language demonstrated by a series of cases on free speech in schools issued by the U.S. Supreme Court. I also offer a re-reading of Francisco de Vitoria’s development of rights language to argue that his presentation of rights overcomes many of Biggar’s critiques.
The impact of social unrest and pandemic on mental health of young people in Hong Kong: The transdiagnostic role of event-based rumination
Authors: Wong Stephanie MY , Hui Christy LM , Suen Yi Nam , Wong Corine SM , Chan Sherry KW , Lee Edwin HM , Chang Wing Chung , Chen Eric YH
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Co-occurring population-level events, such as social unrest and coronavirus disease 2019, are observed in many societies today. Few studies have explored their combined mental health effects on young people. While self-focused rumination has been suggested to be a key mechanism underlying depression, the role of event-based rumination in mediating the impact of population stressors has yet to be elucidated.

Methods:

Data were collected from 6988 young people in a large-scale community online survey in Hong Kong. The survey assessed symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, direct exposure to social unrest-related traumatic events, coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic-related events, personal stressful life events, event-based rumination and other individual risk factors.

Results:

High levels of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms were observed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that probable post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with traumatic events (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = [1.64, 1.82]), pandemic-related events (odds ratio = 1.08, confidence interval = [1.01, 1.16]), stressful life events (odds ratio = 1.20, confidence interval = [1.21, 1.37]), high event-based rumination (odds ratio = 3.00, confidence interval = [2.58, 3.48]), lower resilience (odds ratio = 1.18, confidence interval = [1.15, 1.21]), higher smartphone reliance (odds ratio = 1.09, confidence interval = [1.05, 1.13]) and financial concerns (odds ratio = 1.25, confidence interval = [1.18, 1.33]). The odds for probable post-traumatic stress disorder was also significantly higher when two or more traumatic events were experienced (odds ratio = 4.03, confidence interval = [3.52, 4.62]). Factors associated with moderate-to-severe level depressive symptoms were similar. Event-based rumination significantly mediated between different types of external events (traumatic events, pandemic-related events, stressful life events) and both post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that diverse types of stressful events during population-level crises could add to personal stressors to affect mental health outcomes in young people. Among other protective and risk factors, event-based rumination presented as a prominent transdiagnostic mediator for different symptom dimensions which may be a potentially important target for early risk detection and intervention.
Where, When, and Who: Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Value—A Global Panel Study
Authors: Pope Shawn , Kim Jimi
Published: June 2021

According to surveys of companies, branding is one of the main objectives of their corporate social responsibility (CSR). With advantageous data from Brand Finance, we address three contextual factors that may condition the relationship between CSR and brand value. First, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value obtains across major world regions and industrial sectors (“the convergence thesis”). Second, we hypothesize that the relationship has weakened with time, as companies have had increasing difficulty using CSR to differentiate their brands in a sea of CSR-espousing competitors (“the crowding out thesis”). Third, we hypothesize that the relationship between CSR and brand value is weaker where a brand’s identity is different from that of its corporate owner, which may make it difficult for observers to readily link (corporate-level) CSR with its potential (lower level) brand beneficiaries (“the identity-match thesis”). We support these hypotheses with random-effects, fixed-effects, and instrumental-variable regressions before ending with contributions, limitations, implications, and potential next steps.
The Enemy Within
Authors: Firestone Robert W.
Published: June 2021

This article describes a dramatic and powerful division within the mind that exists, to varying degrees, in all people. Acknowledging this split, between self and antiself, is not only crucial to understanding human behavior in general; it is also fundamental to comprehending psychopathology. Early in life, children incorporate hurtful, rejecting, and hostile attitudes that were consciously or unconsciously directed toward them by their parents and other family members. When parents are the most traumatizing, children cease to identify with themselves; instead, they identify with the frightening parent and take on their critical, hostile, negative attitudes in the form of a self-critical, self-hating internal voice. In our initial investigations into the voice, my associates and I were shocked at the powerful outpourings of anger and vitriolic hatred that people expressed toward themselves and others when they verbalized their self-critical thoughts. I became acutely aware of the degree to which the voice undermines people’s ability to cope with life and restricts their satisfaction in personal relationships. Last, I describe Voice Therapy, a methodology that exposes and counteracts the dictates of the inner voice, and focus on the impact that this fragmentation has on the divisiveness within the individual and society.
Devising Solutions for COVID-19 Fear in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nataraj Megha
Published: June 2021

This letter to the editor’s article highlights the role of incorporating physical activity as a critical component in addressing fear among type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale in three South African samples: A bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Cromhout Amanda , Schutte Lusilda , Wissing Marié P.
Published: June 2021

The Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) is still being used but validation studies that applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the scale has inadequate psychometric properties. CFA is based upon restrictive statistical assumptions that may result in biased parameter estimates. There are statistical developments that overcome these limitations. This study explored the factorial validity of the scale in three South African student samples who completed the English ( n = 326), Afrikaans ( n = 478), or Setswana ( n = 260) version of the BPNS. CFA, bifactor CFA, exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and bifactor ESEM were applied to the data. The three-factor bifactor ESEM model yielded the best fit, but model fit was inadequate for the English and Setswana versions, and almost adequate for the Afrikaans version. After removal of problematic items based on substantive reasons, high modification indices, and high expected parameter change values, reduced bifactor ESEM models displayed adequate fit. The general factor showed sufficient reliability scores for all language versions. Subscales exhibited insufficient reliability scores, except for the Competence and Relatedness subscales of the BPNS-Afrikaans. A reduced three-factor bifactor ESEM model was partially metric invariant for the English and Afrikaans groups. The BPNS-Afrikaans showed potential for use, but alternative measures of basic psychological needs should be considered for the English and Setswana groups in the current context. The cross-cultural application of basic psychological needs in a South African context is questioned. An emic approach to exploring and conceptualising basic psychological needs in African contexts is recommended.
“I’ll Save You a Seat”: Negotiating Power in a Participatory Action Research Project with Queer and Trans Young Adults
Authors: Hillier Amy , Kroehle Kel
Published: June 2021

Youth participatory action research (YPAR) provides a model for youth leadership in research aimed at tangible improvements to their lives. We employed YPAR with queer and trans young adults in a qualitative study about trans high school youth. In this paper, we highlight the importance of relationships, dialog and reflexivity to ensuring ongoing critical reflection on the ethical nature of what often appear as methodological and operational issues. Our research underscores the tensions, contradictions, and limitations of sharing power that emerge in collaborations across age, race, educational attainment, and lived experience.
Does Cross-Race Contact Improve Cross-Race Face Perception? A Meta-Analysis of the Cross-Race Deficit and Contact
Authors: Singh Balbir , Mellinger Christopher , Earls Holly A. , Tran Janis , Bardsley Brighid , Correll Joshua
Published: June 2021

Contact with racial outgroups is thought to reduce the cross-race recognition deficit (CRD), the tendency for people to recognize same-race (i.e., ingroup) faces more accurately than cross-race (i.e., outgroup) faces. In 2001, Meissner and Brigham conducted a meta-analysis in which they examined this question and found a meta-analytic effect of r = −.13. We conduct a new meta-analysis based on 20 years of additional data to update the estimate of this relationship and examine theoretical and methodological moderators of the effect. We find a meta-analytic effect of r = −.15. In line with theoretical predictions, we find some evidence that the magnitude of this relationship is stronger when contact occurs during childhood rather than adulthood. We find no evidence that the relationship differs for measures of holistic/configural processing compared with normal processing. Finally, we find that the magnitude of the relationship depends on the operationalization of contact and that it is strongest when contact is manipulated. We consider recommendations for further research on this topic.
The Ceiling Effect, the Floor Effect, and the Importance of Active and Placebo Control Arms in Randomized Controlled Trials of an Investigational Drug
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: June 2021

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of a new investigational drug often include active as well as placebo control arms. The active arm, comprising an approved treatment for the indication under study, along with the placebo arm, are together required to establish assay sensitivity; if the active treatment outperforms placebo, as expected, the results of the RCT can be further interpreted, but if the active treatment is no better than placebo (such as because of ceiling or floor effects), the RCT is a failed trial. The concepts involved are explained from scientific and ethical perspectives.
‘A war of houses and a war of land’: Gentrification, post-politics and resistance in authoritarian Cambodia
Authors: Lawreniuk Sabina
Published: June 2021

Post-war property reforms in transitional Cambodia plunged the country into new conflict: a war of land. Under the guise of ‘beautification’, 11% of the capital’s residents have been displaced in under two decades in a wave of violent gentrification, enacted through forced eviction and dispossession. Mounting resistance shows signs of taking effect, however, evincing a turning point in state–society relations. Here, the government has trialled a new approach, moving from techniques of violent expropriation towards a conciliatory method, built on dialogue, consultation and negotiation. Responding to calls for more work on resistance to gentrification and success in the fight to stay put, in this paper, I investigate these claims, bringing the literatures on gentrification and post-politics to bear on the evictions crisis in Cambodia. Drawing on testimony of former residents and media analysis, I examine techniques of removal and resistance in a case study of the eviction and demolition of Cambodia’s White Building (1963–2017). I argue that recent shifts are not an abandonment of the state’s compulsion to expropriation, exclusion and expulsion but a subtle modification of its gentrification strategy: away from the naked coercion associated with its own kleptocratic variant of authoritarian neoliberalism towards the post-political manufacture of hollow consent.
Ketamine’s effect on inflammation and kynurenine pathway in depression: A systematic review
Authors: Kopra Emma , Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine , Nikkheslat Naghmeh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Ketamine is a novel rapid-acting antidepressant with high efficacy in treatment-resistant patients. Its exact therapeutic mechanisms of action are unclear; however, in recent years its anti-inflammatory properties and subsequent downstream effects on tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have sparked research interest.

Aim:

This systematic review examined the effect of ketamine on inflammatory markers and TRP–kynurenine (KYN) pathway metabolites in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression and in animal models of depression.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched on October 2020 (1806 to 2020).

Results:

Out of 807 initial results, nine human studies and 22 animal studies on rodents met the inclusion criteria. Rodent studies provided strong support for ketamine-induced decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and indicated anti-inflammatory effects on TRP metabolism, including decreases in the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Clinical evidence was less robust with high heterogeneity between sample characteristics, but most experiments demonstrated decreases in peripheral inflammation including in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Preliminary support was also found for reduced activation of the neurotoxic arm of the KYN pathway.

Conclusion:

Ketamine appears to induce anti-inflammatory effects in at least a proportion of depressed patients. Suggestions for future research include investigation of markers in the central nervous system and examination of clinical relevance of inflammatory changes.
Evidence for the atherogenic index of plasma as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in schizophrenia
Authors: Onen Sinay , Taymur Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

Background:

Schizophrenia is known to be accompanied with increased cardiovascular mortality, which causes reduced life expectancy.

Aim:

The aim of the current study was to investigate if atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) could be a good marker in assessing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

Patients with schizophrenia ( n = 328) and healthy controls ( n = 141) were recruited. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated according to the presence of antipsychotic (AP) drug use as AP(+)Sch group and AP(−)Sch group. Atherogenic indices, such as AIP, Castelli’s risk index-I (CRI-I), Castelli’s risk index-II (CRI-II), and atherogenic coefficient (AC), were calculated according to the laboratory examination of serum lipid parameters.

Results:

According to the comparison of serum lipid levels, triglyceride (TG) levels were found to be highest and high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels were lowest in AP(+)Sch group than AP(−)Sch group and control group (CG) ( p < 0.001). AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II scores were found to be significantly higher in AP(+)Sch group than AP(−)Sch group, and in AP(−)Sch than healthy controls ( p < 0.001). Mean AC scores were higher in AP(+)Sch group than both AP(−)Sch and CG and were similar in AP(−)Sch and control subjects ( p < 0.001). According to the correlation analysis, AIP scores were positively correlated with duration of disease ( r = 0.235; p = 0.002) and age ( r = 0.226; p = 0.003) in AP(+)Sch group but not in drug-free subjects. In all groups, atherogenic indices of CRI-I, CRI-II, and AC scores were found to be positively correlated with AIP scores ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that AIP is an easily calculable and reliable marker for determining the CVD risk in both drug-free schizophrenia patients and patients under AP treatment.
Self-Control, Risky Lifestyles, and Victimization among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Qu Jia , Wu Yuning , Chen Xiaojin
Published: June 2021

Violent and property victimization among Chinese adolescents remains a social problem, yet studies that incorporate individual characteristics and situational/contextual factors to explain such victimization remain scarce. Drawing upon survey data collected from a large, representative sample of middle school students from two areas in Guizhou Province, China, we test Schreck’s integrated model of victimization, finding that self-control has both direct and indirect influences on violent and property victimization among Chinese adolescents. Delinquent peers play the most significant intermediate role in connecting self-control and adolescent victimization. Results reconfirm the importance of both self-control and risky lifestyles/situations in shaping victimization, and identify a victimization pathway that accentuates the key linking mechanism of delinquent peers in the self-control—victimization nexus.
Randomised, controlled trial of erenumab for the prevention of episodic migraine in patients from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America: The EMPOwER study
Authors: Wang Shuu-Jiun , Roxas Artemio A , Saravia Bibiana , Kim Byung-Kun , Chowdhury Debashish , Riachi Naji , Tai Mei-Ling Sharon , Tanprawate Surat , Ngoc Tai Tran , Zhao Yi Jing , Mikol Daniel D , Pandhi Shaloo , Wen Shihua , Mondal Subhayan , Tenenbaum Nadia , Hours-Zesiger Peggy
Published: June 2021

Objective

EMPOwER, a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study, evaluated the efficacy and safety of erenumab in adults with episodic migraine from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.

Methods

Randomised patients (N = 900) received monthly subcutaneous injections of placebo, erenumab 70 mg, or 140 mg (3:3:2) for 3 months. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in monthly migraine days at Month 3. Other endpoints included achievement of ≥50%, ≥75%, and 100% reduction in monthly migraine days, change in monthly acute migraine-specific medication treatment days, patient-reported outcomes, and safety assessment.

Results

At baseline, mean (standard deviation) age was 37.5 (9.9) years, 81.9% were women, and monthly migraine days was 8.2 (2.8). At Month 3, change from baseline in monthly migraine days (primary endpoint) was −3.1, −4.2, and −4.8 days for placebo, erenumab 70 mg, and erenumab 140 mg, respectively, with a statistically significant difference for erenumab versus placebo (P = 0.002 [70 mg], P < 0.001 [140 mg]). Both erenumab doses were also significantly superior to placebo on all secondary endpoints, including the proportion of patients achieving ≥50% reduction from baseline in monthly migraine days, change from baseline in monthly acute migraine-specific medication treatment days and change from baseline in the Headache Impact Test-6™ scores. The safety profile of erenumab was comparable with placebo; no new safety signals were observed.

Conclusions

This study of erenumab in patients with episodic migraine from Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America met all primary and secondary endpoints. A consistent numerical benefit was observed with erenumab 140 mg versus erenumab 70 mg across all efficacy endpoints. These findings extend evidence of erenumab’s efficacy and safety to patients under-represented in previous trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03333109
Understanding Sexual Harassment Through an Individual and Relational Lens: Are Risk Factors the Same for Female and Male Perpetrators?
Authors: Stroem Ida Frugård , Goodman Kimberly L. , Ybarra Michele L. , Mitchell Kimberly J.
Published: June 2021

Given widespread recognition of sexual violence as a public health concern, sexual harassment has garnered considerable attention from researchers and the public. Yet research with adolescent samples has typically focused on the experiences of victims rather than perpetrators, and males as perpetrators and females as victims. In the current article, we consider whether risk and protective factors operate similarly within and across sex assigned at birth. A national sample of youth, ages 14 and 15, were recruited via social media and surveyed online ( N = 1,981). At the individual level, girls who sexually harassed others, were more likely to have a propensity to respond to stimuli with anger compared to boys who sexually harassed. At the relational level, girls who sexually harassed were more likely to be victims of sexual harassment compared to boys, and having a negative peer environment (have delinquent peers, seen someone get attacked, and know someone who has been sexually assaulted) was of particular importance in understanding why girls harass others. For boys who harass, family relations, having seen or heard about peer physical or sexual assault and bullying perpetration were important for contextualizing boys’ sexual harassment. As empathy increased, the relative odds of sexually harassing decreased for girls. Future research should explore motivations for perpetrating sexual harassment, bystander interventions, and longitudinal frameworks to identify causal patterns to determine which factors inhibit or facilitate sexual harassment.
Closing New Loopholes: Protecting Children in Uganda’s International Adoption Practices
Authors: Cheney Kristen E
Published: June 2021

Despite closing a legal guardianship loophole that enabled foreign prospective adoptive parents to bypass restrictive Ugandan adoption laws in 2016, corruption in intercountry adoption persisted, with the courts legitimating new end-runs around the requirements. But US sanctions issued in 2020 bring new hope for reform. By highlighting what children’s advocates are doing to fight back, I suggest strategies for effective child and family safeguarding practices against adoption corruption as well as efforts to seek justice for affected children and families.
Effect of carbody flexibility on the dynamic performance of an empty freight wagon
Authors: Pandey Manish
Published: June 2021

The structural flexibility of passenger car bodies is paid most attention in research due to the effect it has on the passenger ride comfort. But as we are moving towards high speed and lightweight freight Railway stock, the issue of structural flexibility becomes essential in the case of freight wagons also. This paper investigates the effect of including the structural flexibility of the carbody of Indian Railway open freight car BOXNHL in the dynamic analysis. A mid surface meshed model of the subject carbody is developed using Hyperworks. Then, modal analysis is done using MSC FEA to identify the dominant flexible body modes. A simulation study has been conducted using NUCARS (New and Untried Car Analytic Regime Simulation) for an empty freight car on straight track and curve. Four types of carbodies have been considered for comparison- rigid carbody, flexible carbody having modal damping factor 0.04, 0.03, and 0.02. Vertical and lateral accelerations are chosen as the representative dynamic response parameters. The novelty of the present work lies in analyzing the effect of modal damping factors on the different response parameters (vertical and lateral accelerations) of empty BOXNHL freight wagon at different speeds. The field test results have been compared with the simulation results for identifying the modal damping factor with a minimum standard deviation.
Nudging down household electricity usage during peak hours with small monetary rewards
Authors: Lee Miyoung , Kim Daehwan
Published: June 2021

Two recent studies highlight the potential of a demand response (DR) program as a tool to manage peak-hour electricity consumption by households. Households in these studies respond to the offer of financial rewards or an appeal to the sense of civic duty and significantly reduce electricity consumption during declared peak hours. Due to the small number of peak events included in these studies, however, a question remains whether households will continue to respond to repeated calls to action over a long span of time. We analyze a demand response program of Gangwon Province, South Korea, called “Electricity Piggy Bank” where the incentive offered was in the form of small monetary reward together with an appeal to social consciousness. The program tracked the electricity usage of about 2,000 households over one-year period during which peak events were declared once a week. We find significant reduction in electricity usage during declared peak hours and, more importantly, no decay of effects over time. The magnitude of electricity savings during peak hours is no less than the one reported for the previous financial-incentive-based DR, suggesting that offering small monetary rewards together with pro-social stimuli can be a viable alternative to a financial-reward-oriented scheme.
New radiocarbon dating and archaeological evidence reveal the westward migration of prehistoric humans in the drylands of the Asian interior
Authors: Li Kangkang , Qin Xiaoguang , Xu Bing , Wu Yong , Mu Guijin , Wei Dong , Tian Xiaohong , Shao Huiqiu , Wang Chunxue , Jia Hongjuan , Li Wen , Song Haoze , Liu Jiaqi , Jiao Yingxin
Published: June 2021

The vast drylands of the Asian interior were an integral part of a transcontinental network connecting east to west, that acted periodically as corridors and routeways for human migration. However, our understanding of the prehistoric human occupation of and interaction with this inhospitable environment has been hindered by a lack of direct evidence from settlements. Here we present the results of the first systematic study of archaeological material and radiocarbon dates from newly-discovered Bronze Age settlements in the hyper-arid Lop Nur region, in the eastern Tarim Basin. The studied settlement (the North Loulan Settlement, NLS), apparently associated with the prehistoric Xiaohe Culture, which is known from the Xiaohe and Gumugou cemeteries, is especially significant for the study of the prehistoric desert-oasis civilization in the drylands of the Asian interior, because it is quite different from any of the contemporary cultures in the surrounding regions. Based on a synthesis of Bayesian-modeled radiocarbon dates, the age of the NLS falls within the range of ca. 2051–1774 BC. Our field investigations indicate that the inhabitants of the site occupied semi-subterranean/semi-cave dwellings on the upper part of high yardangs, suggesting that they were able to utilize island-like yardangs in order to adapt to lake or wetland terrains. The new chronological framework for the Xiaohe cultural sites indicates that the NLS was the first Xiaohe settlement in the Tarim Basin. The earliest settlers, who were influenced by oriental culture, may have migrated to the NLS along the eastern or northeastern corridors. Later, there was the migration of populations westward along rivers.
The Role of Islamic Piety Movements in the Lives of Malaysian Female Muslim Students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ibnu Ireena Nasiha , Azman Norzaini
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the transnational trajectories of female Malaysian Muslim students through their commitment to piety-minded forms of Islam. In particular, it seeks to identify the reasons for their participation in piety movements and its importance to their lives. The ethnographic research, conducted over 8 months, involved 18 Malaysian female respondents who were studying and living in Manchester between 2016 and 2017. The findings show that the students’ involvement in piety movements was due to fictive kinship providing generous hospitality upon their arrival to the United Kingdom, pre-departure programs on preparation for studying abroad, family influence and sisterhood relationships. Participation in piety movements is said to help relieve stress and overcome loneliness, and is considered vital in guiding Muslim students to lead fulfilling and virtuous lives. The findings contribute significantly to transnational student mobility theories and the importance of sociality and religion in transnational migration.
Monitoring of large B-cell lymphoma and T-zone lymphoma in a dog via flow cytometry
Authors: Rosenbaum Claire S. , Seelig Davis M. , Burton Erin N. , Gwynn Angela D. , Granick Jennifer , Able Hannah R.
Published: June 2021

A 12-y-old, castrated male Pomeranian dog was presented because of mandibular lymph node (LN) enlargement. Physical examination and a complete blood count revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and moderate lymphocytosis. Fine-needle aspirate cytology revealed expansion of medium lymphocytes in the right mandibular LN and expansion of large lymphocytes in the left popliteal LN. Flow cytometry identified 2 aberrant lymphocyte populations in both LNs, namely a CD5+CD45− T-cell population, and a large CD21+ B-cell population. Flow cytometry of the peripheral blood revealed an identical population of aberrant CD45− T cells. The patient was diagnosed with concurrent T-zone lymphoma and leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma. Multi-agent chemotherapy was instituted, and serial clinical and flow cytometric analysis revealed complete remission of the neoplastic B cells, but persistence of the neoplastic T cells and persistent lymphadenopathy. This case affirms the diagnostic value of flow cytometry and reveals a unique limitation of the RECIST criteria.
Flowing Down Bengawan Solo: An Interdisciplinary Lesson Model on Music and Rivers
Authors: Wang Jui-Ching
Published: June 2021

Music cannot be separated from its historical, geographical, and cultural context; therefore, it is important that students be taught music from a variety of genres, cultures, and historical periods relevant to the music to which they are introduced. In this article, I introduce an interdisciplinary approach through contextualization of the content of music, using it to lead to the study of related works in various disciplines. Using a song inspired by Indonesia’s Solo River, a lesson sample demonstrates teaching strategies that motivate students to engage in integrative thinking. By exploring music’s connection with relevant subjects to teach about the natural environment, this contextualized lesson presents a global learning experience to broaden students’ knowledge of the world. Contextualizing the content of Bengawan Solo illustrates how history and culture shaped the song and demonstrates how this work can be used as a springboard for students’ exploration of its history, geography, and ecology.
Using a News Article to Convey Climate Science Consensus Information
Authors: Rode Jacob B. , Iqbal Saad , Butler Brendon J. , Ditto Peter H.
Published: June 2021

The current study investigates how people respond to a climate science consensus statement embedded within a news article. Participants ( N = 1,048) were randomly assigned to read a news article about climate change, read the same article with a scientific consensus message included, read a simple consensus statement, or a control condition. Participants in consensus conditions had increased perceptions of scientific agreement compared with those who did not receive consensus information. Moreover, the article was similarly effective as an overt consensus statement. However, neither consensus statement affected other climate change attitudes, suggesting the effect may be limited to consensus perceptions.
A Decolonial Africa(n)-Centered Psychology of Antiracism
Authors: Malherbe Nick , Ratele Kopano , Adams Glenn , Reddy Geetha , Suffla Shahnaaz
Published: June 2021

Coloniality represents the contemporary patterns of power and domination that emerged in the late 15th century during the so-called classic era of colonialism. Although much of psychology and psychological thought has adhered to the logic of coloniality, there is also a considerable body of work that has sought to decolonize psychology. It is within this latter tradition of decolonizing psychology—which seems to have gained increasing attention in recent years—that we situate this article and its attempt to articulate a decolonial Africa(n)-centered psychology that addresses itself to antiracism. While we concede that there are myriad ways by which to practice and theorize such a psychology, we focus specifically on collective antiracist struggle and everyday antiracist resistance. We conclude by considering questions of universalism and epistemology as they relate to a decolonial Africa(n)-centered psychology of antiracism.
Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions
Authors: Cook Julia , Crane Laura , Hull Laura , Bourne Laura , Mandy William
Published: June 2021

Autistic people may camouflage their innate autistic social behaviours to adapt to, cope within and/or influence the predominately neurotypical social landscape. This study describes behaviours exhibited, altered or avoided by autistic adults whilst camouflaging (i.e. camouflaging behaviours). Using Interpersonal Process Recall methodology, 17 autistic adults (8 women, 6 men and 3 agender/gender neutral individuals) participated in a brief social task designed to replicate a common day-to-day social situation. Participants then watched a video of their interaction with a researcher, actively identifying and describing camouflaging behaviours. Using qualitative content analysis, descriptions of 38 camouflaging behaviours described by participants were clustered into four main categories and seven subcategories: (1) masking, (2) innocuous engagement (subcategories: passive encouragement, centring social partner, deferential engagement and reducing social risk), (3) modelling neurotypical communication and (4) active self-presentation (subcategories: reciprocal social behaviours, risky social behaviours, and comfortable and familiar social behaviours). The novel use of Interpersonal Process Recall methodology addressed limitations in existing camouflaging research and facilitated the identification of previously unreported camouflaging behaviours. These camouflaging behaviours are discussed with reference to literature concerning interpersonal research and theory within and outside the field of autism.

Lay abstract

Camouflaging can be thought of as the process through which autistic people modify their natural social behaviours to adapt to, cope within or influence the largely neurotypical (non-autistic) social world. Many autistic people experience negative reactions to their natural or intuitive social behaviours when interacting with non-autistic people. Over time, in response to these negative reactions, autistic people’s social behaviour often changes. We refer to autistic people’s changed behaviours as ‘camouflaging behaviours’. Research exploring camouflaging behaviours is still at an early stage. This study investigated camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults in everyday social interactions using a research method that was new to the field of autism. Specifically, 17 autistic adults were filmed taking part in a common everyday social situation – a conversation with a stranger. With the help of the video of this conversation, they then showed and described their camouflaging behaviours to a researcher. These autistic people identified and described a total of 38 different camouflaging behaviours. The detailed and specific information provided by autistic adults about camouflaging behaviours generated important new insights into the ways in which autistic people adapt to, cope within and influence the neurotypical (non-autistic) social world.
The feasibility and acceptability of a psychosocial intervention to support people with dementia with Lewy bodies and family care partners
Authors: Killen Alison , Flynn Darren , O’Brien Nicola , Taylor John-Paul
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Psychosocial support for people with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and family care partners is frequently lacking, despite the need expressed by those with lived experience. Our objective was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention designed to build coping capability.

Design

The design was non-randomised with all participants receiving the intervention.

Setting

The setting was a Memory Assessment and Management Service in the Northeast of England.

Participants

Participants comprised 19 dyads consisting of a person with DLB and a family care partner.

Intervention

The intervention was group-based, with weekly sessions attended for up to four successive weeks. It was informed by Social Cognitive Theory.

Measurements

Data were collected on recruitment, attendance and attrition, self-efficacy, mood, stress and participant experience.

Results

Recruitment was achieved with minimal attrition and three successive groups were delivered. Care partners felt more in control and able to cope in at least 3 of 13 areas with 73% feeling this way in eight or more areas. Three themes were identified from post-intervention interviews: people like us, outcomes from being a group member and intervention design.

Conclusions

A DLB-specific group intervention is acceptable to people with DLB and family care partners, and recruitment is feasible within a specialist service. Participation may enhance understanding of this condition and reduce social isolation. It may improve care partners’ coping capability particularly if targeted towards those with low prior understanding of DLB and more stress. Means of evaluating outcomes for people with DLB need further development.