bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-CT assessment of internal morphology and root canal configuration of non C-shaped mandibular second molars
Authors: Wolf Thomas G , Paqué Frank , Betz Patrick , Willershausen Brita , Briseño-Marroquín Benjamín
Published: March 2024

The root canal system morphology of the mandibular second molar was investigated by means of micro-computed tomography (μCT). The root canal configuration (RCC), foramina and accessory canals frequency of 93 mandibular second molars of an Egyptian sample were investigated by μCT scans. The RCC and main foramina number (MFN) are described by means of a four-digit system from coronal to apical. The most frequently observed RCCs in the mesial root were 2-2-1/1 (32.3%), 2-2-2/2 (28.0%), 1-1-1/1 (6.5%) and 2-1-1/1 (6.5%); an additional twelve different RCCs were also found here. In the distal root, the RCC 1-1-1/1 was observed in 81.7%; another ten different RCCs with a frequency of less than 5% were also observed in this root. Anastomoses be-tween the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in the mesial root were witnessed in the coronal (20.5%), middle (19.4%) and apical (10.8%) thirds. Accessory canals were found in the coronal (mesiobuccal 15.0%, mesiolingual 12.9%, distobuccal 1.1%), middle (mesiobuccal 7.5%, mesiolingual 10.8%, distolingual 3.3%) and apical (mesiobuccal 19.3%, mesiolingual 16.2%, distolingual 10.8%, distobuccal 2.2%) thirds. The RCC of mandibular second molars showed a great variety. When compared with the first mandibular molar in a historical control from the same sample, the mandibular second molar presented less morphological diversifications. Yet, the mesial root canalsystem of the mandibular second molar showed more RCC variations, connecting and accessory canals than the distal root.
Der organtransplantierte Patient in der Zahnarztpraxis
Authors: Schenkel Jan S. , Müller Nicolas , Rostetter Claudio , Gander Thomas , Lübbers Heinz-Theo
Published: March 2024

Dieser Artikel soll Zahnärzten in kurzer Form eine Hilfestellung beim Management von Patienten vor und nach Organtransplantation bieten. Organtransplantierte Patienten sind sowohl vor wie auch nach Transplantation eine spezielle Patientenentität und bedürfen besonderer zahnärztlicher Abklärung und Überwachung. Eine Antibiotikaprophylaxe soll nur zurückhaltend angewendet werden.
Evaluation of a halitosis clinic over a period of eleven years
Authors: Schumacher Marie-Gabrielle , Zürcher Andrea , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

About every fourth individual suffers at least temporarily from oral malodor. The most frequent cause of it is the oral cavity, in particular the tongue coating. In professional halitosis clinics, findings and diagnoses are discussed with the patients, and individual therapy concepts are designed. Currently, there are only few evaluations of such clinics, which moreover are confined to a period of a few weeks or months. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the halitosis clinic of the University Center of Dental Medicine Basel over a period of eleven years. For the purpose of a recall, 638 patients were contacted, who had visited the halitosis clinic between February 2003 and February 2014. Of these, 280 patients answered a special questionnaire. The halitosis clinic was rated as helpful by 81.9% of the respondents. The majority (61.8%) only rarely or never suffered from bad breath anymore and still carried out the recommended tongue cleaning. Ninety-one patients who reported to suffer again from oral malodor, could be re-evaluated also clinically. The strictly cause-oriented therapy concept of the halitosis clinic of the University Center of Dental Medicine Basel has proved successful over eleven years.
Abrasive effects of diamond dentifrices on dentine and enamel
Authors: Tawakoli Pune N , Becker Klaus , Attin Thomas
Published: March 2024

This study was to analyse the abrasive wear of differently composed diamond dentifrices loaded with 2.4 μm diamond particles on dentine and enamel surfaces in vitro. Bovine specimens were brushed with a diamond-loaded dentifrice (DD2; 2 g particles/kg), a diamond-loaded dentifrice (1.5 g/kg) containing 20% hydrated silica as extra abrasive (DD1.5+S), or a diamond-loaded dentifrice (3 g/kg) containing 20% hydrated silica abrasive (DD3+S). Values were compared to those obtained with Colgate Total (CT) and Elmex Sensitive plus (ES). Brushing was performed using a cross brushing machine (F = 2.5 N; 120 brushing strokes/min). Abrasive wear [μm] of specimens (n = 12) was measured profilometrically and adjusted to 10,000 brushing strokes (10 kBS). Data were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc pairwise tests with Tukey correction, alpha = 0.05. Diamond dentifrices and ES showed no difference on dentine specimens: DD2 7.7 ± 2.6 μm/10 kBS; DD1.5+S 10.1 ± 2.3 μm/ 10 kBS; DD3+S 10.1 ± 2.6 μm/10 kBS; ES 7.4 ± 1.1 μm/10 kBS, while CT–brushed specimens exhibited significantly higher dentinal abrasion compared to all other groups: CT 31.0 ± 7.7 μm/ 10 kBS. Diamond loading significantly influenced enamel wear (mean ± SD μm/10 kBS): DD2 1.8 ± 0.5 μm/10 kBS. Conversely, addition of the silica abrasive reduced these values: DD1.5+S 1.1 ± 0.3 μm/10 kBS; DD3+S 1.6 ± 0.3 μm/10 kBS. CT and ES revealed similarly low values: CT 0.3 ± 0.1 μm/10 kBS; ES 0.2 ± 0.1 μm/10 kBS. These data suggest that abrasion caused by diamond particles in experimental toothpastes is differentially affected by diamond particle load, additional abrasives, and the type of hard tissue.
Erosion-protecting effect of oral-care products available on the Swiss market. A pilot study
Authors: Wasser Gregor , João-Souza Samira H. , Lussi Adrian , Carvalho Thiago S.
Published: March 2024

The present study sought to test oral-care products available on the Swiss market, such as toothpastes and gels, with respect to the protection of enamel against erosive tooth wear. A total of 56 enamel specimens were divided into 7 groups (n = 8): F-TP = Migros Budget Anti-Caries Toothpaste (Negative Control); F+Sn3500-TP = Elmex Erosion Protection Toothpaste (Positive Control); F-TP + F+Oligopep-Gel = Migros Budget Anti-Caries Toothpaste + Emofluor Protect Gel Professional; F+Sn3120-Gel = Emofluor Gel Intensive Care; F+Oligopep-TP = Candida Protect Professional Toothpaste; F+Sn1260-TP = Emoform-F Protect Toothpaste; and F+Sn3440-TP = Sensodyne Repair & Protect Toothpaste. The specimens were incubated in artificial saliva for 30 min and then brushed in a toothbrushing machine (10 s brushing; total 2 min exposure to the product). After the toothbrush abrasion, the specimens were rinsed, dried and submitted to an erosive challenge (2 min; 1% citric acid; pH 3.6). This sequence was repeated 4 times, and the total enamel surface loss was calculated using indentation measurements before and after the brushing period. All groups presented progressive surface loss throughout the experiment; after 4 cycles, total surface loss values ranged from 0.11 µm (F+Sn3120-Gel) to 0.89 µm (F+Sn1260-TP). Regarding the total surface loss values (median; interquartile range), F-TP (0.54; 0.42–0.59) presented no significant differences compared to any of the other groups. F+Sn3500-TP (0.33; 0.30–0.40), F-TP + F+Oligopep-Gel (0.34; 0.29–0.42) and F+Sn3120-Gel (0.11; 0.09–0.15) presented lower surface loss than F+Oligopep-TP (0.75; 0.59–0.98), F+Sn1260-TP (0.89; 0.68–1.13) and F+Sn3440-TP (0.69; 0.66–0.78). Conclusion: Although some of the oral-care products containing stannous ions or oligopeptide-104 presented numerically lower SL values, they did not present significantly better protection than a regular fluoride toothpaste. The gels showed a general trend of better enamel protection against ETW.
An analysis of effective dose optimization and its impact on image quality and diagnostic efficacy relating to dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: McGuigan Margarete B , Duncan Henry F , Horner Keith
Published: March 2024

The potential of high resolution, three-dimensional (3D) images which overcome limitations such as superimposition and anatomical noise of two-dimensional (2D) conventional imaging, has made cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) an increasingly popular imaging modality in many dental applications. It is in light of the increasingly prevalent use of CBCT, particularly in a primary dental care setting, that the goal of this review is to investigate what evidence-based guidance is available to the clinician to justify and reduce radiation risk of this higher dose imaging modality while maintaining diagnostically acceptable images. To this end, the literature on radiation dose and related patient risk was comprehensively investigated, before an analysis of the ways in which dose can be optimized and the implications that optimization has on image quality was discussed. Finally, although it is accepted that CBCT has the potential to improve diagnosis, it is uncertain if its use has positive ramifications on issues of diagnostic efficacy, including clinical decision-making and patient outcome. In order to investigate these issues, the levels of evidence of the existing studies and their validity were assessed. On review of the available literature, it is evident that there is limited practical advice available to dentists regarding dose optimization and any existing protocols may not be readily transferable to every CBCT machine, the manufacturers' role is not often conducive to dose limitation and that the bulk of evidence is at lower levels of evidence. Furthermore, there is minimal supporting evidence to suggest an impact of CBCT on diagnostic thinking and consequent choice of treatment and no evidence of a positive effect of CBCT on patient outcome.
The Face – A Vascular Perspective
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Tamura Kaori , Oba Yukiya , Lozanoff Scott
Published: March 2024

Vascular supply is key for maintenance of healthy tissue conditions but also with regard to healing following trauma or therapeutic interventions. The face is probably the most exposed part of the body and any changes of vascularity are readily visible (skin blanching, ecchymosis, hematoma, edema). With regard to the arterial supply, all vessels reaching the facial skin originate from the bilateral common carotid arteries. The ophthalmic artery is considered the major arterial shunt between the internal and external carotid artery systems. Main arterial contributors to the face include the facial, transverse facial, and infraorbital arteries. In general, homonymous veins accompany the arteries, but there are some exceptions (inferior ophthalmic vein, retromandibular vein). Furthermore, the facial vein demonstrates a consistently more posterior course compared to the facial artery. Lymphatic vessels including lymph nodes play an important role for facial drainage.
L’implant zygomatique dans notre pratique quotidienne
Authors: Pineau Mallouel , Nicot Romain , Lauwers Ludovic , Ferri Joël , Raoul Gwénaël
Published: March 2024

La réhabilitation prothétique du maxillaire atro­phique édenté constitue un défi pour lequel l’im­ plant zygomatique (IZ) se démarque des tech­ niques traditionnelles (visant à augmenter le volume osseux) par une durée de traitement réduite et une mise en charge immédiate. L’ob­jectif de cette étude était de faire le point sur le plan de traitement par IZ et sur sa technique chirurgicale en se basant sur une série de neuf cas maxillaires atrophiques édentés. Les taux de survie implantaire et toutes les suites opératoires ont été présentés ainsi que ceux décrits dans la littérature. Les avantages et les inconvénients des IZ ont également été discutés par rapport aux méthodes traditionnelles de réhabilitation dans notre pratique quotidienne. Le taux de survie était de 100% pour une durée de suivi variant de 5 à 47 mois. Les patients avaient présenté deux inflammations palatines légères postopératoires. L’ancrage zygomatique a montré des résultats satisfaisants par sa fiabilité et sa rapidité à réha­biliter l’étage maxillaire. Dans le cas où le patient souhaite une réhabilitation prothétique fixe, la solution apportée par l’IZ tend à se démocratiser dans le travail quotidien du praticien.
L’implant zygomatique dans notre pratique quotidienne
Authors: Pineau Mallouel , Nicot Romain , Lauwers Ludovic , Ferri Joël , Raoul Gwénaël
Published: March 2024

L’influence des prothèses et des implants dentaires sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé bucco- dentaire du patient peut guider le praticien dans la prestation des meilleurs services. L’implant zygomatique (IZ) constitue une technique alter- native partielle ou complète aux techniques de réhabilitation dites «traditionnelles» (visant à augmenter le volume osseux) des maxillaires atrophiques édentés. L’objectif de cette étude était d’appréhender l’impact de la réhabilitation prothétique fixe par IZ sur la qualité de vie des patients. Cette étude mettait en évidence le degré de satisfaction d’une série de neuf patients traités par IZ à travers leurs scores au questionnaire Oral Health Impact Profile OHIP-14 préthérapeutiques et post-thérapeutiques. L’influence des IZ sur la qualité de vie est discutée par rapport à la littérature de référence. Le score OHIP préthérapeutique moyen était de 29,1. Le score OHIP post-thérapeutique moyen était de 5,8. Le ressenti sur la qualité de vie des patients était très satisfaisant. Conformément à la littérature, la réhabilitation prothétique fixe sur IZ apportait une satisfaction tant dans sa dimension fonctionnelle qu’esthétique. Cette option de l’arsenal thérapeutique du maxillaire atrophique édenté se montre de plus en plus intéressante dans notre pratique quotidienne.
The Face – A Musculoskeletal Perspective. A literature review
Authors: Von Arx Thomas , Nakashima Marc J , Lozanoff Scott
Published: March 2024

The individual appearance and facial expression are based on the musculoskeletal system of the face. The bones of the face contribute to the anterior portion of the skull. This region is also referred to as the facial skeleton or viscerocranium. The muscles of the face include all mimetic muscles innervated by the cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). Two masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis) that are supplied by the motoric portion of the cranial nerve V3 (mandibular nerve) also contribute to the contour of the face. The mimetic muscles (also known as facial muscles or skin muscles) generally originate from underlying bone surfaces and insert to the skin of the face or intermingle with other facial muscles. This complex musculature contributes to the functioning of the orofacial sense organs and the mediation of emotional and affective states (facial expression). Other soft tissue components of the face include the fasciae and fat compartments. The face commonly exhibits a superficial and a deep fascia, and various facial fat compartments are present.
Preclinical competency in scaling/root planing: comparing dental and dental hygiene student’s outcomes
Authors: Hofer Deborah , Gartenmann Stefanie J , Wiedemeier Daniel B , Sener Beatrice , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R
Published: March 2024

Dental students in Zurich receive 8.5 hours of preclinical training in scaling/root planing. Dental hygiene students receive a multiple of this amount. This study was undertaken to assess the students’ acquired preclinical competencies and to what degree they may differ. 34 undergraduate dental students and 20 dental hygiene (DH) students from two different schools in Zurich were tasked with scaling/root planing a maxillary left canine, coated with black lacquer from the apex to ca. 5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction, after completing their preclinical periodontal instrumentation course. The students were allowed to use any instrument in their set (Gracey or universal curettes) for a 5-minute period. Positive (experienced DHs) and negative (laypeople) control groups performed the same task. After instrumentation, teeth were scanned and planimetrically assessed. The percentage of cleaned tooth surface was calculated and statistically analysed (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, Conover’s test for pairwise comparisons). The dental students achieved the highest median cleaning efficacy (80.6%), followed by the experienced DHs (65.3%), the DH students (62.0%) and the laypeople (26.7%). When split by schools, a significant difference in instrumentation efficacy by the student DHs was seen (p <0.001). Despite their limited instruction time, the dental students acquired preclinical scaling/root planing skills comparable to, or better than, DH students with more training time.
Bruxismus, Myoarthropathie und Psychosomatik
Authors: Jochum Hermine , Keel Peter , Baumgartner­-Gruber Anja , Zeilhofer Hans­-Florian , Leiggener Christoph S.
Published: March 2024

Bruxismus und Myoarthropathie weisen komplexe Beschwerdebilder auf, in denen sowohl medizini­ sche als auch psychische Faktoren beteiligt sein können. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie Stress und die daraus folgenden muskulären Verspannungen auf die Beschwerdebilder einwirken und wie es zu einer Schmerzchronifizierung kommt. Anhand eines Stressmodells wird erklärt, wie Stress indi­viduell verarbeitet wird und welche negativen Aus­ wirkungen dieser auf die Mundgesundheit und die Kieferfunktion hat. In der Diagnostik ist es dem Zahnarzt möglich, mittels eines ausführlichen Anamnesegesprächs und kurzen Testverfahrens, das Ausmass der Schmerzchronifizierung und der psychosozialen Belastung zu erfassen. Wenn nötig, soll der Zahnarzt die Patienten motivieren, eine psychologische Begleitung anzunehmen. In der Psychotherapie werden Schmerzbewälti­ gungsstrategien und Entspannungstechniken angewendet und der Umgang mit Schmerzen gelernt. Um einen langanhaltenden Behandlungs­ erfolg zu erzielen, müssen sowohl medizinische als auch psychosomatische Faktoren berücksich­tigt werden.
In vitro cleaning potential of waist-shaped interdental brushes
Authors: Baumgartner Gerhard , Wiedemeier Daniel B , Hofer Deborah , Sener Beatrice , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R
Published: March 2024

There are many interdental cleaning aids available for patient use, including toothpicks, dental floss and interdental brushes (IDBs). Most are available in various shapes and sizes. The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate and compare the cleaning efficacy of waist-shaped interdental brushes to those of cylindrical shape. Four groups of IDBs, ranging in diameter from 2 mm to 9 mm, were tested. To reduce production and material bias, all brushes tested were from the same manufacturer. Cleaning efficacy was tested on two different devices: 1) a geometrical model, using opposing rectangular blocks at separation distances of 1 mm to 4 mm and 2) an anatomical model, displaying a standardized maxillary segment from canine to 3rd molar. The surfaces in both devices were coated with a titanium oxide slurry, then cleaned under standardized conditions and planimetrically evaluated. The measurements took place after 1, 5 and 10 cleaning strokes, respectively. Both models showed significant superiority in the cleaning efficacy of the waistshaped brush (p < 0.001), at 1, 5 and 10 strokes. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that interdental brushes with a waistshaped form showed cleaning potential superior to their cylindrical-shaped counterparts, under standardized laboratory conditions.
Dental care behaviour in Switzerland
Authors: Schneider Cornelia , Zemp Elisabeth , Zitzmann Nicola U
Published: March 2024

Improvements in oral health are changing the requirements for oral health care provision. This study assessed the frequency and major reason of dental visits and personal oral hygiene measures in Switzerland, and temporal trends in visit frequency. The number of dental visits in the previous twelve months, the reason for these visits, and the prevalence of oral hygiene measures were quantified from weighted data from the 2012 Swiss Health Survey. The frequency of dental visits in 2012 was compared with previous surveys (1992–2007). Almost two thirds of subjects reported visiting a dentist and almost half had visited a dental hygienist in the previous twelve months. Voluntary (33%) or recall check-ups (25%) were the most common reasons for the last dental visit across age groups. Treatment needs including caries/filling/endodontic treatment (10%), crowns/FDP/RDP/implants (8%), toothache (5%), extraction (5%), periodontal complaints (2%), or orthodontic appliances (2%) were more heterogeneously distributed across age groups. One in ten subjects had dental implants; prevalence increased with increasing age as did the number of missing teeth. Use of interdental cleaning devices and frequent tooth brushing were more common among subjects with few or no missing teeth and among subjects with higher versus lower income or education. Oral health awareness varied with a higher awareness in women than in men and in subjects with higher versus lower income or education. The prevalence of dental implants and dental hygienist’s visits has increased in Switzerland since 2002, but oral hygiene measures remained stable.
Einfluss der Parodontitis auf Schwangerschaft und Geburt
Authors: Opacic Jasmina , Maldonado Alejandra , Ramseier Christoph A. , Laugisch Oliver
Published: March 2024

Seit zwei Jahrzehnten beschäftigt man sich in der Parodontologie mit dem Einfluss von Parodontitis auf die Schwangerschaft, das verminderte Geburtsgewicht oder die frühzeitige Ge- burt. Auch hypertensive Erkrankungen während der Schwangerschaft, die unbehandelt zum Tod der Mutter führen können, haben eine besondere Bedeutung. Aufgrund stabil erhöhter Geburts- raten in der Schweiz, auch neben Berufstätigkeit und Karriere der Frauen, ist diese Thematik für die Zahnmedizin aktueller geworden denn je zuvor. Die Raten von Frühgeburten und vermindertem Geburtsgewicht steigen weltweit an und sind die Hauptursache für neonatale Morbidität und Mortalität. Der Handlungsbedarf bezüglich Prävention, Aufklärung und medizinischer Betreuung schwangerer Frauen ist weltweit gegeben. In diesem Artikel wird zunächst ein Über- blick über die Thematik gegeben und ferner auf die notwendige interdisziplinäre gynäkologisch- zahnmedizinische Therapie eingegangen. So können Zahnärzte in der täglichen Praxis auchin Zukunft einen kleinen, aber nicht unwesentlichen Teil zur Verbesserung der Situation betroffener Frauen und ihrer Kinder leisten.
Patient-, software-, and observer-related factors associated with the time required for semi-automated measurements of the maxillary sinus volume using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Wai Kan Yeung Andy , Tanaka Ray , Ka Chun Ho Jeremy , Qianfeng Li Jennifer , Jacobs Reinhilde , M. Bornstein Michael
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate patient-, software-, and observer-related factors influencing the time required for volumetric measurements of maxillary sinuses using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a commercially available software. The volumes of healthy bilateral maxillary sinuses of adult patients from CBCT images taken during a 15-month study period were measured using dedicated software by two observers. The time required for volumetric assessments was evaluated statistically with respect to the potential influence of gender, age, sinus side, sinus volume, sequence of measurement, and selection threshold of the software. The resulting average sinus volume of the 174 sinuses from 87 patients was 16.9 cm3. The average time required to measure one sinus volume was 91.8 s. Sinuses from male patients required a longer time (median of 95.5 s) for the measurements than their female counterparts (median of 87.5 s). Measurement time increased with increasing age, sinus volume and selection threshold based on calculated grey values provided by the software. The volumetric measurements and measurement times exhibited a high intra-observer agreement. The volumetric measurements were highly reproducible. Each measurement was completed within 4 minutes, though there was a marked difference in the mean measurement time between the two observers. Semi-automated volumetric measurement of the maxillary sinus with commercially available software is feasible, efficient, and reproducible. Based on these favorable findings, practitioners might consider using such volumetric instead of linear measurements to plan and analyse outcomes of sinus grafting procedures in daily clinical practice.
The use of digital technologies in dental practices in Switzerland: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mühlemann Sven , Sandrini Gloria , Ioannidis Alexis , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to identify the extent of digital technology infiltrating dental practices for the management and the treatment of patients. A survey (68 questions) was mailed to all members of the Swiss Dental Association (SSO). An online as well as postal answer was offered in order to maximise the response rate. The survey was mailed in June 2016 and answers were collected till the end of 2016. The total number of completed surveys was 1,238, which resulted in a response rate of 40%. Most dentists (97%) owned a private computer device and 74% used it for both, private and professional life. 69% of the dental offices had a homepage (69%), whereas a limited number (10%) used social media. The location of the practice influenced the extent of online presence. For patient administration a software application was used in 95% of the practices. The management of appointments was mainly organized by a digital agenda (73%). Patient’s dental history was recorded digitally in half of the practices (53%), whereas in one third (38%) also dental/ endodontic/periodontal charts were recorded digitally. One quarter of the dentists (24%) used an additional dental software for patient treatment/ planning other than the administration software. In 23% of the dental practices a chairside CAD/CAM system was available. The survey demonstrated that i) the younger the dentist, ii) the more recent the opening of the practice, iii) the greater the patient catchment area, and iv) the more treatment rooms, the higher the grade of digitalisation of the dental practice.
Influence of different loupe systems and their light source on the vision in endodontics
Authors: Perrin Philippe , Neuhaus Klaus W. , Eichenberger Martina , Lussi Adrian
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Galilean and Keplerian loupes in the endodontic lumen with and without integrated light. Although the use of an operating microscope is widely recommended in endodontics it is uncertain whether an adequate loupe system with coaxial light source might replace the microscope for some endodontic work. Twenty-four dentists (age 27–64 years) underwent a miniaturized visual test inside the endodontic lumen of a natural molar: at the canal entrance, 5 mm inside the canal, and at the apex. The tooth was mounted in a phantom head in a simulated clinical setting. The naked eye (negative) and the microscope 6× (positive) served as control groups, and Galilean loupes 2.5× and Keplerian loupes 4.3× with and without a coaxial light source as experimental groups. A structure of 0.05 mm corresponding to the smallest instrument (06) was the threshold for sufficient vision. The loupe type, coaxial light source and the dentists’ age had a statistically significant influence at all locations. None of the loupes helped to visualize structures at the apex. At the canal entrance, the visual threshold was reached by dentists < 40 years with Galilean loupes, by dentists ≥ 40 years with Keplerian loupes, with and without coaxial light. Dentists < 40 years detected structures < 0.05 mm inside the root canal with Keplerian loupes and coaxial light. The microscope offered highly superior results. The naked eye was insufficient to reach the visual threshold at any location.
André Schroeder (1918–2004) – Groundbreaking Pioneer in Swiss Academic Dentistry
Authors: Reinecke Katharina , Gross Dominik
Published: March 2024

The career of André Schroeder (1918–2004), Professor of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics at the University of Bern, and long-term Editor in Chief of the Schweizerische Monatsschrift für Zahnheilkunde (predecessor of the Swiss Dental Journal SSO), is unique in many respects. Forty years ago, in 1979, Schroeder reached the zenith of his career when he was elected President (Rector) of the University of Bern – thereby becoming the first dentist in Swiss academic history to hold this office. Previously, Schroeder had also been the first dentist to become Full Professor (Ordinarius) and, later, Dean of the Medical Faculty. At the same time, Schroeder founded the International Team of Implantology (ITI), which evolved into the largest global organization of Implant Dentistry. The present article uses these anniversaries as an opportunity to (1) retrace Schroeder’s career path, (2) contextualize this career path using the education policy in place at the time, and (3) clarify to what extent and by which means the pioneer Schroeder influenced the professionalization of Academic Dentistry in Switzerland. This study draws upon primary sources from the University and City Archives of Bern and the archive of the ITI; these were supplemented by relevant secondary literature. An evaluation of the sources clearly shows that Schroeder was a trailblazer in many ways: Firstly, he exploited his university positions with the primary goal of furthering the basis of Academic Dentistry. Secondly, he promoted Swiss Dentistry through his non-university activities – as the successful Editor of the Schweizerische Monatsschrift fu?r Zahnheilkunde and founder of the ITI. And thirdly, Schroeder specifically addressed the increasing relevance of Dentistry for society as a whole by intertwining the two most important arguments – the scientific orientation and the benefits for public health – in a rhetorically accomplished manner.
Plastische Deckung von Extraktionsalveolen mit einem xenogenen Bindegewebstransplantat
Authors: Kuster Irina , Valdec Silvio , Rücker Martin , Bichsel Dominique
Published: March 2024

Antiresorptive Medikamente finden zunehmend Verwendung in der Therapie von Osteoporose, diversen Knochenpathologien sowie malignen Tumorerkrankungen. Eine durch antiresorptive Medikamente induzierte Osteonekrose (ARONJ) stellt eine relevante Nebenwirkung dar. Dentale Traumata, darunter vor allem Zahnextraktionen, sind ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer ARONJ. Durch prophylaktische Massnahmen wie eine plastische Deckung unmittelbar nach der Zahnextraktion sowie eine perioperative Antibiotikagabe kann dieses Risiko drastisch reduziert werden. Die meisten Techniken des Extraktions- alveolenverschlusses beinhalten die Bildung eines Mukoperiostlappens, der eine Deperiostierung des bereits kompromittierten Knochens zur Folge hat. Die hier vorgestellte Methode der plastischen Deckung mit einer künstlichen Kollagenmatrix vermeidet die Deperiostierung des Alveolarknochens und soll an einem Fallbeispiel eines Risikopatienten illustriert werden.
The efficacy and complications of several bleaching techniques in patients after fixed orthodontic therapy
Authors: Ahrari Farzaneh , Akbari Majid , Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Fallahrastegar Amir , Sekandari Salehe
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and complications of several bleaching methods in patients with discolored teeth after orthodontic treatment. This randomized clinical trial involved 60 volunteers (31 women, 29 men) aged 14 to30 years, who finished fixed orthodontic therapy at least three months before the study commencement and complained of discoloration on upper front teeth. The subjects were divided into four groups by treatment. The patients in group 1 received home bleaching, whereas those in groups 2 to 4 underwent in-office bleaching using a diode laser, a plasma arc and no light source, respectively. Tooth color was measured at baseline, one hour after the end of the bleach- ing procedure, and one week later, and the color alteration between different stages was com- pared among the groups. The severity of tooth sensitivity and the occurrence of other post-treatment complications were recorded. The color change between baseline and one week after treatment was greatest in the home- bleaching and the laser-assisted bleaching groups, and lowest in the plasma-arc bleaching group, although the difference between the groups was not significant (p > 0.05). Tooth sensitivity over 24 hours after bleaching was lowest in subjects who had undergone laser-assisted bleaching and highest in those who had received in-office bleaching without light (p < 0.05). All methods were effective in managing tooth dis- coloration after orthodontic treatment. Home bleaching produced favorable color alteration. Amongst the in-office approaches, laser-assisted bleaching should be considered as the best option, as it produced effective results with lowest tooth sensitivity and over a shorter period of time.
Leitlinie Antibiotika in der Oralchirurgie
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. , Filippi Andreas , Heinzmann Jean-Louis , Kühl Sebastian , Stadlinger Bernd , Weiss Paco
Published: March 2024

Antibiotika können im Rahmen von oralchirurgischen Therapien zum Einsatz kommen. Dem effektiven Nutzen stehen die Gefahren von Resistenzbildung und Allergisierung gegenüber, was eine strenge Indikationsstellung voraussetzt. Es gibt kontroverse Ansichten hinsichtlich Indikation, Dosierung und vor allem Dauer und Zeitpunkt der antibiotischen Medikation in der Oralchirurgie.
Exploring Older Swiss People’s Preferred Dental Services for When They Become Dependent
Authors: Chebib Najla , Abou-Ayash Samir , Maniewicz Sabrina , Srinivasan Murali , Hill Harry , McKenna Gerald , Holmes Emily , Schimmel Martin , Brocklehurst Paul , Müller Frauke
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to explore the preferred dental services of older people for when they become dependent. It aimed to assess their preferred type of health care professional and location of dental service, and relate their preferences to their willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to travel (WTT). Older people aged 65 years or older were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based discrete choice experiment (DCE), to measure preferences for dental examinations and treatment, defined by two attributes: type of professional and location of the activity. Hypothetical scenarios based on selected attributes were displayed in a projected visual presentation and participants noted their personal preference using a response sheet. Data was analyzed using a random-effects logit model. Eighty-nine participants (mean age 73.7 ± 6.6 years) attended focus group sessions. Respondents preferred that the family dentist (β: 0.2596) or an auxiliary (β: 0.2098) undertake the examination and wanted to avoid a medical doctor (β: –0.469). The preferred location for dental examination was at a dental practice (β: 0.2204). Respondents preferred to avoid treatments at home (β: –0.3875); they had a significant preference for treatment at the dental office (β: 0.2255) or in a specialist setting (β: 0.1620, ns). However, the type of professional did not have a significant influence on overall preference. Participants with a low WTP preferred examination at home (β: 0.2151) and wanted to avoid the dental practice (β: –0.0235), whereas those with a high WTP preferred the dental office (β: 0.4535) rather than home (β: –0.3029). WTT did not have a significant influence on preference. The study showed that older people generally preferred receiving dental services in a dental practice or specialist setting, and would prefer not to be treated at home. Continuity of dental services provided by the family dentist should therefore be prioritized where possible and further studies should examine the role of domiciliary care at home.
Orthodontic treatment of patients with special needs in Switzerland
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S , Kiliaridis Stavros
Published: March 2024

Individuals with special healthcare needs have increased orthodontic treatment need, but access to care may be insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess the uptake of patients with special needs in orthodontic settings throughout Switzerland. A web-based survey was sent to all specialist orthodontist members of the Swiss Orthodontic Society. From 220 questionnaires sent, 60% were returned (n=131). 84% of participants responded that they treat patients with special needs, but most orthodontists saw only two new patients per year with special needs. Patients most frequently treated were those with Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, or intellectual deficiency. Many practitioners use fixed, removable or functional appliances for treatment of these patients, while aligner use was much less prevalent. Interceptive measures were also used. Chairside time was increased on average by 50%, and treatment duration increased by 25% when compared to other patients. Treatment goals for about half of these patients was compromised. Of orthodontists not providing treatment to individuals with special needs, 79% stated they would not be interested in treating these patients, while 56% of orthodontists already providing treatment stated they would not be interested in treating more of these patients. Reasons given included the lack of additional strategies to treat these patients, lack of referrals, problems with cooperation, and time constraints. In conclusion, roughly four in five orthodontists in Switzerland treat patients with special needs, with most of these orthodontists seeing one or two new patients with special needs annually. The majority of practitioners do not wish to increase their intake of patients with special needs.
Dental trauma splint color preference of adults
Authors: Meier Alexandra , Connert Thomas , Dagassan Dorothea , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of dental trauma among children and adults is high. Most luxated teeth need splinting. The Titanium Trauma Splint (TTS) is a widely used appliance with good performance properties. Esthetics is increasingly important for most patients. Splints placed on the front teeth have a clearly visible impact on patients’ appearance and, thus, on their quality of life during splint therapy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the esthetic preferences of adult patients with regard to different splint color and surface finish characteristics. TTS appliances were fabricated in four different colors (silver, gold, green and violet) and two different surface finishes (matt or polished) to yield a total of eight variants. The finished splints were applied to the teeth of a human model, photographed by a professional photographer, and printed as posters. Adults aged between 18 and 79 years were asked to complete a written survey containing items regarding their TTS color and surface preferences based on the posters with photographs as well as questions about previous tooth bleaching treatments, the importance of having esthetic teeth in general, and the prioritization of esthetic versus function-driven dentistry. Over 80% of participants preferred the silver matt splint over the other variants. Neither gender nor age nor other parameters had a significant influence on the choice of splint color or surface. Women placed greater importance on esthetic rather than function-driven treatment.
Retrospective Analysis of Dento-alveolar Injuries at a Swiss University Clinic (2011-2015)
Authors: Gfeller David , Von Arx Thomas
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate all dento-alveolar injuries occurring within a period of 5 years that were examined at the Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology at the University of Bern. The case histories of 852 patients (522 males and 330 females) were assessed retrospectively. The mean age was 17 years and 9 months. The youngest patient was 10 months old, the oldest was 91 years old. Most accidents were recorded in the months of March and July. Friday was observed as the weekday when accidents were at their peak. 54% of trauma patients were first examined on the day of the accident. The most frequent causes of accident were falls, cycling or sports accidents. Injury types included concussion (72.4%), subluxation (14%) and luxation (7.7%). Crown fractures without pulp exposure were recorded in 522 teeth (10.7%). Rare types of trauma were crown fractures with pulp exposure (3.7%), and avulsion injuries (3.2%). The most frequently affected teeth were central incisors (40%), followed by lateral incisors (35.6%) and canines (19.5%). 71.5% of the patients with dento-alveolar trauma also had soft-tissue injuries (from abrasions to lacerations), mostly lip (51.6%), gingival (19%), and chin injuries (10.9%). The multivariate analysis showed that age had a significant impact on concussions, subluxations, intrusions, crown fractures, root fractures and non-oral injuries. For concussions and subluxations, the probability of an injury was the highest for the mixed dentition group. For intrusions, the probability of an injury decreased with age, but it was vice versa for crown fractures, root fractures and non-oral injuries. It was found that bicycle injuries had the highest injury probability for avulsions, luxations, subluxations, soft tissue – and non-oral injuries.
Dental Injuries on Garden Trampolines
Authors: Wieland-Hess Adriana , Eggmann Florin , Filippi Andreas
Published: March 2024

Garden trampolines are very popular in Switzerland. Most trampoline related accidents result in fractures and soft tissue injuries of the extremities. While these types of injuries have been well investigated in numerous studies, there has been no study on dental injuries on trampolines. The aim of the present study was to investi-gate dental accidents on garden trampolines in Switzerland and to analyze possi-ble influencing factors.Data collection was carried out by analyzing aerial photographs and a questionnaire-based survey. Out of 1212 questionnaires sent out, 637 could be included in the study. The data were evaluated in terms of accident, type of trampoline (in-ground or onground), and whether a safety net was present.A total of 105 trampoline accidents (16.5%) occurred, of which 23 were dental inju-ries (23.2%). 39.1% (n=9) were tooth fractures, 30.4% (n=7) were concussions, 17.4% (n=4) were avulsions, and 13.0% (n=3) were dislocation injuries. Teeth were predominantly impacted on the trampoline frame (26.2%, n=6) or on a person’s own knee (26%, n=6). Dental accidents occurred 3.6 times more frequently when the trampoline was used by more than one person at a time. Dental accidents occurred 2.4 times more frequently on inground trampolines than on onground trampolines. Statistically, only the diameter of the trampoline had an influence on the frequency of accidents: Larger trampolines led more frequently to accidents.The present study showed that trampolining poses a risk of dental injury like other sports such as kick scooter or skiing. It is therefore important to increase parental and public awareness regarding the potential dangers of trampoline use.
Fehlinterpretation im Röntgenbild
Authors: Bliggenstorfer Salome , Chappuis Vivianne , Von Arx Thomas
Published: March 2024

Das Wissen, dass das Foramen mentale oder das Foramen incisivum im konventionellen Röntgenbild auf Zahnwurzeln projiziert werden kann und so eine apikale Parodontitis vortäuscht, ist weit verbreitet. Weniger bekannt ist die anatomische Struktur des Canalis sinuosus und dessen abgehende Kanäle in der anterioren Maxilla. Manchmal täuschen diese Knochenkanäle im konventionellen Röntgenbild Dentino- oder Osteolysen vor. Wenn sich diese Knochenkanäle auf die Wurzeln der Oberkieferfrontzähne projizieren, besteht die Gefahr, dass sie als Wurzelresorption oder apikale Parodontitis fehlinterpretiert werden. In diesem Fallbericht wird ein radiologischer Zufallsbefund präsentiert. Aufgrund einer intraradikulären Aufhellung am Zahn 11 bestand der Verdacht auf eine Wurzelresorption. Mittels digitaler Volumentomografie konnte der Ursprung dieser vermuteten Dentinolyse eindeutig als anatomische Struktur identifiziert und die Verdachtsdiagnose ausgeschlossen werden. Hiermit solldie Wichtigkeit über die Kenntnis anatomischer Strukturen aufgezeigt werden, um Fehlinterpretationen und unnötige Behandlungen zu vermeiden.
Lokalanästhesie bei Kindern: Standard und Grenzen
Authors: Wallner Jürgen , Schwaiger Michael , Pau Mauro , Zrnc Tomislav , Zemann Wolfgang , Metzler Philipp
Published: March 2024

Lokalanästhetika sind bei Kindern für eine schmerzfreie Behandlung oft unabdingbar. Dabei sollten Wirkstoff, Applikationsart und Dosierung ordnungsgemäss angewendet werden.Bei Kindern zwischen 5 und 12 Jahren zeigt sich eine Prävalenz von 14,4 Prozent an auftretender Zahnarztangst bereits vor Beginn der Behandlung (Colares et al. 2013; Versloot et al. 2008), deshalb ist speziell in der Kinderzahnmedizin eine schmerzfreie Therapie unabdingbar.
Tipps für die Privatpraxis zur Therapie der Molaren- Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation
Authors: Diener Valeria , Dulla Joëlle A. , Van Waes Hubertus , Meyer-Lückel Hendrik
Published: March 2024

Die Behandlung von ausgeprägten Molaren- Inzisiven-Hypomineralisationen (MIH) stellt sowohl für den Patienten wie auch den Behandler oftmals eine Herausforderung dar. Faktoren wie Hypersensibilität, Pulpitis, teileruptierte MIH-Molaren und verminderte Haftkraftwerte erschweren die zahnärztliche Arbeit und schmälern den langzeitigen Erfolg. Wichtig für die alltägliche Praxis erscheint vor allem, dass es auch für schwer zu versorgende Zähne ein breites Spektrum an provisorischen Versorgungsmöglichkeiten gibt. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den praktischen Handlungsempfehlungen zur Therapie von MIH. Berücksichtigt werden Therapieempfehlungen von der European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) und das «Würzburger MIH- Konzept». Ergänzend dazu werden etablierte Therapiemethoden der Universitäten Bern und Zürich zur Diskussion gestellt.
Bioaktive Restaurationsmaterialien in der Zahnerhaltung
Authors: Burrer Phoebe , Attin Thomas , Par Matej , Tauböck Tobias T.
Published: March 2024

In den letzten Jahren wurden bioaktive Glaspartikel erfolgreich in zahnmedizinische Restaurationsmaterialien eingearbeitet. Remineralisierende Effekte auf die Zahnhartsubstanz und antibakterielle Eigenschaften sind vielversprechende Eigenschaften dieser maßgeschneiderten Komposite. Einige mit bioaktiven Füllstoffen dotierte Materialien sind bereits auf dem Dentalmarkt erhältlich. Dennoch sind weitere Forschungsarbeiten erforderlich, um bioaktive Komposite für biomimetische Restaurationsansätze feinabzustimmen.
Selbstadhäsive Komposite – Halten sie, was sie versprechen?
Authors: Oltramare Ramona , Michelotti Gioia , Burrer Phoebe , Attin Thomas , Tauböck Tobias T.
Published: March 2024

Selbstadhäsive Komposite versprechen eine vereinfachte Anwendung und eine zuverlässige Haftung auf Zahnhartsubstanz ohne vorherige Konditionierung oder Anwendung eines Adhäsivsystems. Ihr Funktionsprinzip basiert auf spezifischen funktionellen Monomeren. Obwohl sie bei minimalinvasiven Kavitäten eine akzeptable Versiegelung erreichen können, zeigten Studienergebnisse im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Adhäsivsystemen eine deutlich geringere Haftfestigkeit an Schmelz und Dentin. Die Verwendung von selbstadhäsiven Kompositen erfordert daher eine kritische individuelle Betrachtung.
Reosseointegration eines mobilen Implantates nach okklusaler Entlastung: ein Zufallsbefund
Authors: Biel Philippe , Biel Thomas , Chappuis Vivianne , Raabe Clemens
Published: March 2024

Voraussetzung für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Implantatversorgung ist der Erhalt der Implan­tatosseointegration. Ein aseptischer Verlust der Implantatosseointegration kann zu plötzlich auftretenden Misserfolgen führen, wobei diese Veränderungen bis heute in der Literatur kaum untersucht worden sind und kein evidenzbasier­ tes Therapiekonzept bekannt ist. Dieser Fall­ bericht beschreibt, wie bei einer 79­jährigen Patientin mit aseptisch gelockertem Implantat und zeitgleicher antineoplastischer Chemo­ therapie aufgrund eines Mammakarzinoms nach alleiniger Okklusionskorrektur eine Reosseointeg­ ration beobachtet wurde. Der genaue Hergang und weitere mögliche Einflüsse auf die Reosseo­ integration bleiben unbekannt.