bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pepper transplanting mechanisms and kinematic simulation analysis: A review
Authors: Habineza Eliezel , Reza Md Nasim , Bicamumakuba Emmanuel , Haque Md Asrakul , Park Seok-Ho , Lee Dae-Hyun , Chung Sun-Ok , Lee Ye-Seul
Published: April 2024

Pepper production plays a significant role in the global agricultural economy, yet traditional manual transplanting methods lead to labor intensity challenges, inconsistency, and time constraints. Transplanting mechanisms of pepper transplanters significantly affect the efficiency of the entire transplanting process. This study reviewed the available transplanters used in pepper seedling transplantation, transplanting mechanisms, and the kinematic simulation analysis. Pepper transplanters are categorized into manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic types. Manual types include handheld and pulling types, while semi-automatic types involve manually seedling feeding with automatic planting such walking-behind, riding, and tractor-drawn models. Fully automatic transplanters synchronize seedling extracting, transfer to the conveyor, and continuous planting into the soil. Picking mechanism utilize pick-up pins, pushing action, and grippers, while planting mechanism is achieved through link-driven, wheel-driven, and rotary gear-driven hoppers. Recent advancements have emphasized 4- and 5-bar pick-up pin-type link-driven hoppers with 1 or 2 degrees of freedom for efficient seedling handling and planting. Kinematic simulation analysis emerges as a crucial tool used by engineers to better understand complex interactions, identify strengths and weaknesses in designs for the evaluation and optimization of mechanisms by modelling forces, motion, and system behavior. The transplanting mechanisms survey, the role of kinematic simulation, and key trends involved, such as increased automation, precision planting, and the integration of sensor technologies, could provide valuable information to farmers and manufacturers for identifying current gaps and improvement areas for enhancing innovation in pepper production.
The Effect of Negative Peace in Mind to Aggressive Behavior of Students in Indonesia
Authors: Saputra Wahyu Nanda Eka , Supriyanto Agus , Rohmadheny Prima Suci , Astuti Budi , Ayriza Yulia , Adiputra Sofwan
Published: April 2024

This ex-post facto research aims to identify the negative influence of peace of mind on students' aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior of students has become a problem that has not been alleviated to the maximum and is increasingly complex. One model of education that seeks to build students' peace of mind is the peace education model. The use of this educational model can suppress the urge of students to show aggressive behavior. The research data was collected using the peace of mind scale (PoMS) and aggressive behavior scale (ABS). The research sample was taken using cluster random technique with a total of 1263 students coming from western part of Indonesia (East Java, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, and Lampung), the central part of Indonesia (West Nusa Tenggara and Central Sulawesi), and the eastern part of Indonesia (North Maluku). Data in this study were analyzed using simple linear regression. The results of the analysis of the study concluded that negative peace of mind has an effect of 62.9% on aggressive behavior committed by students. This study is recommended for future researchers to develop peaceful thinking training programs to reduce students' aggressive behavior.
Construction and Analysis of QPSO-LSTM Model in Network Security Situation Prediction
Authors: Wentao Li
Published: April 2024

The continuous improvement of artificial intelligence technology has deepened its application in many fields and provided more support for predicting network security situations. QPSO-LSTM model based on LSTM neural network and fused with QPSO algorithm provides more options for improving network security situation prediction, further enhancing the effectiveness of network security situation prediction, and enabling more efficient and accurate prediction and analysis of network security situations. By comparing the applications of different types of algorithms in network security situation prediction, it was found that the QPSO-LSTM model has smaller prediction errors, can achieve higher prediction accuracy, and can also obtain higher F1-score and AUC values; the shorter identifying runtime also lays the foundation for improving the speed and efficiency of network security situation prediction. Therefore, in the field of network security situation prediction, the application of QPSO-LSTM model can provide more support for further improvement and improvement of security situation prediction performance in this field.
Attribute Based Signature Encryption Scheme Based on Cloud Computing in Medical Social Networks
Authors: Li Jiabin
Published: April 2024

The emergence of mobile medical social networks has provided great convenience for patients to communicate with each other about their medical conditions, promoting efficient and high-quality communication and exchange among patients. However, at the same time, it has also raised issues of confidentiality and privacy of patient data. In response to this issue, this article proposes a cloud-based attribute-based signature encryption scheme that can effectively protect the privacy of patient data. The patient encrypts their medical information and uploads it to the cloud server. When the data user wants to access the patient’s information, the cloud server helps the data user partially decrypt and verify the integrity of the data, which to some extent reduces the computational workload of the data user. Meanwhile, under the random oracle model, it has been proven that the scheme satisfies the unforgeability under selective message attacks, indistinguishability under selective cipher text attacks, and attribute privacy security. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation experiments show that this scheme has higher efficiency than existing schemes in the signing and decryption stages.
Front Matters
Authors: Bietak Manfred , Budka Julia , Lemos Rennan
Published: April 2024

Table of Contents, Foreword by the Editorial Board, Preface
The management of vegetal resources in Bronze Age Nubia
Authors: Heinrich Frits , Hansen Annette M. , Ryan Philippa
Published: April 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the vegetal resources of Bronze Age Nubia. After providing a brief introduction to, and historiography of, archaeobotanical research in Nubia, we first describe the ecological context in which plants in Nubia grow and show how the complex interplay water availability, seasonality, geology, and technology co-determine the vegetation and the potential and nature of agriculture. We then reflect on the management of the vegetal resources and distinguish between taxa that naturally occur in the environment and those that are cultivated as crops on the fields, which were mostly introduced to Nubia from other regions. We then continue to discuss different practical categories of plants and their uses (e.g., cereals, pulses, fruit trees) and reflect on their attestation and potential use in Nubia. While there are currently few archaeobotanical studies for the study area and period, the results thus far attest a diverse crop curriculum, a wide range of managed wild plant resources, and the use of crop processing waste as by-products that were upcycled into products for other non-food sectors. These practices both reflect resilience strategies and a sophisticated circular economic system in Bronze Age Nubia. Keywords: Plant life, crops, wild plants, vegetal resource management, archaeobotany, Nubia
The provenance of black ritual liquids applied to coffins and cartonnage
Authors: Fulcher Kate
Published: April 2024

A black funerary liquid is known from ancient Egypt that was used for mummification and was also poured over the coffin or wrapped body as part of the funerary rites. Analysis of this black material can identify the components used to make it and therefore, to some extent, the geographical origin of its ingredients. Examples of this liquid are known from three sites in Nubia. Analysis of the black liquid from two of these sites indicates similar geographic origins for the materials used, perhaps with the exception of some of the bitumen which may have been obtained more locally. However, the context of the black liquid in Nubia indicates that its use may have differed slightly from its use in Egypt. Keywords: Coffin, funeral, resin, bitumen, burial, canopic
Either win-win deal or exploitation? Narratives surrounding volunteering in the social scientific literature
Authors: Repetti Marion Valérie , Harrison Kelly , Mesnard Pauline , Fassa Farinaz
Published: April 2024

Volunteering is an essential resource for European countries and can be an opportunity for social participation. Yet it can also lead to exploitation. Social scientific narratives on this object are important because of the role that scholars can play in the development and implementation of public policies. Drawing on the observation that older people provide a significant portion of volunteer work, this article examines to what extent and how the social scientific literature about older volunteers questions the risk of exploitation that is inherent to any form of voluntary engagement. We find that these discourses predominantly describe volunteering as a means to improve older people’s lives and as a needed contribution. Risks of exploitation are rarely addressed. To help avoid ageism in social sciences and in volunteering policies and programmes, we suggest that scholars should give more awareness to the volunteering-exploitation nexus in their studies of older volunteers.
Social versus individual work preferences: implications for optimal linear income taxation
Authors: An Zhiyong , Coady David
Published: April 2024

We extend the standard optimal linear income taxation model to allow for differences in social and individual work preferences while still maintaining the assumption that individuals are rational. The theoretical and simulation analyses show that when the government places a higher social weight on work than do individuals, the optimal marginal income tax rate (MIT) becomes lower. This implies lower revenue, income guarantee, and overall progressivity. The case for lower MIT is reinforced when the government places a relatively higher weight on work for low earners. Combining our analysis with that of An and Coady (2022), we, on the one hand, agree with previous studies that the optimal nonlinear income tax schedule would be close to the optimal linear one but, on the other, show that the degree of closeness would depend on preference differences. Our work contributes to the burgeoning field of non-welfarist economics.
Repairing Forests and Vernacular Heritage: In the Carbon Deluge of Southern China
Authors: Brillhart Adam
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article considers interactions between environmental law and cultural practices in Southern China by way of a trans-cultural and critical-historical perspective of carbon: through examining the impact of top-down, future-oriented environmental protection policies, their impact on the present energy situation surrounding vernacular heritage on the ground, and the ways in which they may be managed given the cultural past reflected by built heritage. Forests that have been a hotbed for experimentation (not only as a surplus but also as a spiritual landscape) have given rise to heritage vernacular buildings in Fujian Province. The energy used in the production of these heritage buildings is embedded within an environmental conscience. Before carbon as a concept emerged, judgment of buildings was based on culturally accepted principles (originating from treatises in which energy was intertwined with religion) rather than regulations. However today, following uncontrolled deforestation and a deluge of related laws, the policies have cut the vital link between vernacular settlements and forests. The contemporary notions of movement and associated transformation of carbon is considered alongside the tangible cultural inner-workings of processes, which have involved carbon underlying rural processes in the production of South China’s vernacular heritage— indeed, those which provide alternative (and with correct moderation, more sustainable) solutions rooted in the cultural past.
Ethics and Best Practices of Studying Contemporary Human Populations
Authors: Adegboyega Mayowa , Zhang Xinjun
Published: April 2024

At the 2021 meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists, the “Ethics and Best Practices of Studying Contemporary Human Populations” symposium brought together a diverse panel of scientists to address the growing concerns related to consent, communication, and ethical practices in biological anthropology research. Drawing from historical parallels and current practices, the panel underscored the responsibilities of researchers to engage transparently and respectfully with the subjects of their studies. This article summarizes some of the topics raised and debated at that meeting, including the specific challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting surge in studies utilizing biological data from diverse populations, and the meaning of informed consent, genetic privacy, and data justice. The authors emphasize the importance of diversity and inclusion within research teams and leadership roles, and the role this can play in reshaping research approaches and fostering innovation in our field. They challenge the traditional notions of informed consent and encourage a more nuanced understanding that acknowledges the historical context and respects refusals as a form of knowledge production. The diverse perspectives shared at the symposium offer a glimpse into the ongoing efforts of biological anthropologists to navigate ethical challenges in contemporary human population studies. The collective aim is to spark sustained conversations and collaborative endeavors within biological anthropology and to promote continuous improvement in ethical standards and best practices.
Reimagining Career Purgatory: Spiritual Tactics for Surviving as a Contingent Faculty Member
Authors: Thralls Chad
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the challenge of living out one's career as a full-time contingent faculty member. It uses the structure of Dante's Divine Comedy to frame how stuck I feel in this role and offers spiritual tactics from Marguerite Porete and Evagrius of Pontus for surviving the discouraging features of the job while embracing the life-giving and joyful aspects of teaching and working with students.
Simulation of the reflection of a high energy laser beam at the sea surface for hazard and risk analyses
Authors: Schwenger Frédéric , Azarian Adrian , Henrichsen Michael
Published: April 2024

The application of a high energy laser beam in a maritime scenario necessitates a laser safety concept to prevent injury to personnel or uninvolved third parties from uncontrolled reflections of laser light from the sea surface. Therefore, it is crucial to have knowledge of the amount and direction of reflected laser energy, which varies statistically and depends largely on the dynamics of the wavy sea surface. These dynamics are primarily influenced by wind speed, wind direction, and fetch. An analytical model is presented for calculating the time-averaged spatial intensity distribution of the laser beam reflected at the dynamic sea surface. The model also identifies the hazard areas inside which laser intensities exceed a fixed exposure limit. Furthermore, as far as we know, our model is unique in its ability to calculate the probabilities of potentially eye-damaging glints for arbitrary observer positions, taking into account the slope statistics of gravity waves. This is a critical first step toward an extensive risk analysis. The simulation results are presented on a hemisphere of observer positions with fixed radii from the laser spot center. The advantage of the analytical model over our numeric (dynamic) model is its fast computation time. A comparison of the results of our new analytical model with those of the previous numerical model is presented.
Neural-network based high-speed volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Liu Yusong , Abd El-Sadek Ibrahim , Morishita Rion , Makita Shuichi , Mori Tomoko , Furukawa Atsuko , Matsusaka Satoshi , Yasuno Yoshiaki
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate deep-learning neural network (NN)-based dynamic optical coherence tomography (DOCT), which generates high-quality logarithmic-intensity-variance (LIV) DOCT images from only four OCT frames. The NN model is trained for tumor spheroid samples using a customized loss function: the weighted mean absolute error. This loss function enables highly accurate LIV image generation. The fidelity of the generated LIV images to the ground truth LIV images generated using 32 OCT frames is examined via subjective image observation and statistical analysis of image-based metrics. Fast volumetric DOCT imaging with an acquisition time of 6.55 s/volume is demonstrated using this NN-based method.
Design and characterization of a self-matching photonic lantern for all few-mode fiber laser systems
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Wei , Chen Yunhao , Yu Ting , Zhao Enming , Tang Jianing
Published: April 2024

We model and demonstrate a self-matching photonic lantern (SMPL) device, which is designed to address the constraint of limited transverse modes generated by fiber lasers. The SMPL incorporates a FMF into the array at the input end of a traditional photonic lantern. The few-mode fiber at the output end is specifically configured to align with the few-mode fiber at the input, therefore named as SMPL. This paper details the design and fabrication of the SMPL device, validated by both simulation and experiment. The 980nm fundamental mode, injected via 980nm single-mode fibers, selectively excites corresponding higher-order modes at the few-mode port of the SMPL. Additionally, 1550nm fundamental and higher-order modes injected at the input end into the SMPL device demonstrates mode preservation and low-loss transmission characteristics. The SMPL is well-suited for developing a ring laser system, enabling selective excitation of 980nm pump light modes and facilitating closed-loop oscillation and transmission of 1550nm laser.
Effect of thermal annealing on the surface plasmon properties of gold and silver nanodisk structures fabricated by electron beam lithography
Authors: Yamasaki Kota , Ozawa Masaki , Hatsuoka Ryohei , Matsuyama Tetsuya , Wada Kenji , Okamoto Koichi
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the effect of thermal annealing on the surface plasmon resonance properties of gold and silver nanodisk structures fabricated by electron beam lithography. Despite no significant size change due to a nickel adhesion layer, thermal annealing at 500 °C notably altered surface plasmon resonance properties, especially in gold nanodisks, which showed peak blue-shifts and narrowing, indicating improved crystallinity. We fitted the peak shift by using an electromagnetic field analysis and discussed the changes in the dielectric function. The dielectric function of the simple Drude model was adopted, which was fitted to the values of the Lorentz Drude model in a limited wavelength region. While both silver and gold exhibited increased oscillation strength, only gold nanodisk structures showed a decrease in damping frequency. Increased oscillation strength indicated that these structures should be useful for selective enhancement of the light at specific wavelengths by a very simple heat treatment.
Ultra-Wideband mm-wave Remote Antenna Unit for Radio-over-Fiber Distributed Antenna Systems in Silicon Photonics
Authors: Rady Ramy , Madsen Christi , Palermo Samuel , Entesari Kamran
Published: April 2024

This article presents a novel chip-scale 25-45-GHz re-configurable mm-wave remote antenna unit (RAU) for radio over fiber (RoF) distributed antenna systems. The proposed RAU architecture optimizes energy efficiency by operating directly at mm-wave frequencies, and spectral efficiency by selecting re-configurable RF photonic filters topology. Additionally, it achieves frequency agility by rejecting interferes and a small form factor by utilizing SOI photonics process. Two photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that act as downlink and uplink units are presented while occupying a total area of 12.33 mm$^2$. The downlink selects a single channel within the desired frequency range, while the uplink rejects up to four interferes. The building blocks of the proposed architecture are discussed and their design consideration and parameters are shown. Then, a comprehensive system analysis of the proposed RAU architecture including key performance indicators is presented. A scalable 5-channel system is demonstrated each with a 3-dB Bandwidth of 5-GHz. Moreover, this architecture can be continuously tuned and re-configured within a wide frequency range to cover all 5-channels. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first wideband modular and re-configurable mm-wave RAU that covers the entire mm-wave sub-45-GHz band implemented in silicon photonics.
Elucidating ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway characteristics via integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics of the kidney of high-fat diet-fed obese mice
Authors: Liang Hong , Song Kang
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a major independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and can activate renal oxidative stress injury. Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism is an important carbohydrate metabolic pathway that protects cells from oxidative damage. However the effect of oxidative stress on this pathway is still unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed obese mice and determine the effects of oxidative stress. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed on a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, non-targeted metabolomics profiling was used to identify metabolites in the kidney tissues of the obese mice, followed by RNA sequencing using transcriptomic methods. The integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed the alterations in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway in the kidneys of these high-fat diet-fed obese mice. The high-fat diet-induced obesity resulted in notable changes, including thinning of the glomerular basement membrane, alterations in podocyte morphology, and an increase in oxidative stress. Metabolomics analysis revealed 649 metabolites in the positive-ion mode, and 470 metabolites in the negative-ion mode. Additionally, 659 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the obese mice, of which 34 were upregulated and 625 downregulated. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed two DEGs and 13 differential metabolites in the ascorbate and aldarate metabolic pathway. The expression levels of ugt1a9 and ugt2b1 were downregulated, and the ascorbate level in kidney tissue of obese mice was reduced. Thus, renal oxidative stress injury induced by high-fat diet affects metabolic regulation of ascorbate and aldarate metabolism in obese mice. Ascorbate emerged as a potential marker for predicting kidney damage due to high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Exploring the impact of OSA on short-term survival in patients with AECOPD admitted to the ICU
Authors: Liu Liangfeng , Chen Yang , He Guanwen , Lin Bingbang , Zhu Zhongshou , Wei Rifu , Xu Yangbin
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is characterized by a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms, which significantly contributes to hospitalizations related to COPD symptoms. Previous research has mainly focused on the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and COPD. However, there were few studies that investigated the short-term mortality rate of AECOPD patients with or without OSA.

Methods

Data for our research was taken from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database IV. A total of 1332 patients were included in the study based on well-defined criteria for selection and exclusion. By analyzing the characteristics of AECOPD patients, we compared those with and without OSA.

Results

There were 1122 AECOPD patients without OSA, 210 patients with OSA. In comparison to those without OSA, patients with OSA exhibited lower 30-day and 90-day ICU mortality with unadjusted HR, as well as lower hospital mortality with unadjusted OR. However, after adjustments were made, there were no significant associations observed between OSA and short-term mortality, including 30-day ICU mortality, 90-day ICU mortality, ICU mortality, and hospital mortality in AECOPD patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that OSA may act as a risk factor for AECOPD patients with a BMI lower than 30 kg/m2.

Conclusions

There is no impact on short-term survival in AECOPD patients with OSA under intensive care unit (ICU) management and nursing.
Comparison of lipopolysaccharide-mediated peripheral blood mononuclear cell activation between Brahman and Brahman x Thai native crossbreed cattle
Authors: Srinontong Piyarat , Aengwanich Worapol , Somphon Sattabongkod , Khonwai Siriyakorn , Nitsinsaku Thanasorn , Wu Zhiliang , Chalalai Thanyakorn , Saraphol Bhuripit , Srisanyong Wilasinee
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a robust endotoxin known to activate the immune system in cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LPS on the morphology, cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in Brahman and Brahman x Thai native crossbreed cattle.

Materials and Methods: PBMCs were isolated from Brahman and Brahman x Thai native crossbreed cattle and treated with 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL Escherichia coli LPS, respectively. Morphological changes in PBMCs were assessed at 24 and 48 h. In addition, we measured PBMC cell viability, MDA, NO, and TAC.

Results: LPS stimulation caused cell deformation and partial PBMC area enlargement, but there were no differences between Brahman and Brahman x Thai native crossbreed cattle. Stimulation at all levels did not affect the viability of PBMCs (p > 0.05). MDA and NO levels were significantly higher in Brahman cattle than in Brahman Thai native crossbred cattle (p < 0.05). TAC was significantly higher in Brahman x Thai native crossbred cattle than in Brahman cattle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Immune cells of crossbreed cattle have a higher activation response to LPS than those of purebred cattle, and native crossbreed beef cattle have a higher antioxidant capacity than purebred beef cattle. This result may explain why hybrid cattle of indigenous breeds are more resistant to disease than purebred cattle.

Keywords: Brahman cattle, lipopolysaccharide, oxidative stress, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Thai native crossbreed cattle.
Laboratory Investigations on Fracture Toughness of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Recycled Materials
Authors: Khanghahi Siyab Houshmandi
Published: April 2024

This article investigates the fracture toughness in self-compacting concrete containing different percentages of recycled concrete materials using edge-notched disc bend (ENDB) samples. For this reason, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent of recycled aggregate were used instead of natural aggregate in the mixing designs. To obtain the fracture toughness, ENDB samples were used under loading of mixed mode I/III and pure modes I and III. Cubic samples were also used to obtain compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of the samples has a direct relationship with the fracture toughness and the reverse ratio with the percentage of recycled concrete materials. Also, samples containing 25% recycled materials have the highest compressive strength and fracture toughness. Furthermore, as the recycled percentage of the samples increases, the performance of samples against shear forces and compressive strength is reduced. Keywords: Fracture toughness, Mixed mode I/III, Recycled materials, Self-compacting concrete, ENDB sample
Dunning harassment o acoso al moroso. ¿Actividad con relevancia penal?
Authors: Pérez Arias Jacinto
Published: April 2024

La presente obra analiza la actividad de cobro de deudas a través de métodos expeditivos. Tal análisis se realiza desde una perspectiva de derecho penal, examinando los bienes jurídicos que resultan, o pueden resultar, lesionados, a partir de la casuística y la reciente jurisprudencia aplicable. También se analiza con profundidad la opinión doctrinal especializada en esta materia, destacando el capítulo dedicado al estudio sobre la categoría dogmática del bien jurídico protegido, en el que el autor hace un recorrido histórico sobre el principio de lesividad y su concepción actual en el derecho penal. La actividad de gestión de cobro con método expeditivo ha pasado, en los últimos años, de una presión al deudor con atuendos y disfraces al uso de medios tecnológicos, como puede ser el correo electrónico y, en mayor medida, la llamada telefónica insistente. En muchas de estas llamadas persecutorias, la gestión de cobro de deudas parece mutar en una conducta abusiva, lo que agudiza esa sensación de presión y hostigamiento por parte de la víctima. Esto llevará a centrar gran parte del estudio en el delito de acoso, previsto en el artículo 172 ter del Código Penal. Ello no obsta a que, al mismo tiempo, y en función del valor lesionado, se analicen otras figuras delictivas, igualmente interesantes en la interpretación jurídico penal del acoso al deudor. Una vez completada su lectura, se adquirirá una visión clara sobre si tales métodos tienen relevancia penal o si el fin perseguido (cobrar una deuda) puede legitimar tal forma de proceder. En el último capítulo de la obra, una vez el autor ha expresado su opinión técnica sobre la cuestión, se ofrece una interesante propuesta legislativa sobre el modo en el que la conducta examinada debe introducirse en el Código Penal. Jacinto Pérez Arias es Doctor en Derecho por la Universidad de Murcia y Doctor en Derecho por la Universidad Roma Tre (Italia). Es Profesor Contratado Doctor Permanente de Derecho Penal y Criminología en la Universidad de Murcia e investigador en el Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Penales y Criminológicas de la misma Universidad, dirigido por el Catedrático de Derecho Penal Dr. D. Jaime Peris Riera. Compagina su dedicación universitaria con el ejercicio de la abogacía a través de la OTRI, lo que le ofrece una visión pragmática en sus estudios de derecho penal. Cuenta con múltiples publicaciones (tanto monografías, como artículos científicos), habiendo participado en numerosos congresos nacionales e internacionales como ponente y miembro de las comisiones científicas u organizadoras. Especialista en derecho penal económico y en cuestiones relacionadas con la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. Actualmente es vocal de la Comisión Académica del Programa de Doctorado en Derecho (Universidad de Murcia).
Effects of Different Solvents on the Antioxidant Activity of Several Seaweed Species from Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Hamid Mansoor Abdul , Yeap Chi Hong , Mustapha Wan Aida Wan , Martony Oslida , Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: April 2024

Sabah is the main seaweed producer in Malaysia especially red seaweeds which are commercially cultivated for the production of food gum known as carrageenan. Seaweeds are also high in phytochemical such as antioxidant compounds.  Three seaweeds species from the Semporna Seawater, Sabah, namely Kappaphycus alvarezii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum were chosen for this study for the analysis of their antioxidant activities.  K. alvarezii species is commercially cultivated whereas the other two (C. lentillifera and S. polycystum) are wild species.  All seaweeds species underwent drying process in a cabinet dryer prior to the analyses.  Six types of solvents which were water, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane were used for the extraction process. Every concentrated, extracted solutions were then measured for their antioxidant activities based on total phenolic content (TPC), diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching assay. Results showed that TPC of S. polycystum was significantly higher (p<0.05) than K. alvarezii but not significantly different (P>0.05) from C. lentillifera. Even though the extraction yield of water was the highest, but the greatest antioxidant activity values were seen in methanolic extraction in comparison to the other solvents in TPC, DPPH and FRAP. This indicated that most of the antioxidant compounds in all the three seaweed samples are polar. However, high antioxidant activity in terms of β-carotene bleaching assay were seen in other solvent extractions, which were chloroform, hexane and ethyl acetate. This indicated that seaweed also contain non-polar antioxidant compounds such as β-carotene. Overall, the best extraction method of antioxidant compounds in seaweed samples was using methanol as the extractant.
Impact of Varied Lead Concentrations on Lead Accumulation in the Body, Heart and Gill Damage of Milkfish (Chanos chanos)
Authors: Sukardi Reski Wahyuni , Djawad Muhammad Iqbal , Azis Hasni Yulianti , Manaf Sharifah Raina
Published: April 2024

Milkfish (Chanos chanos) is valued in aquaculture for its affordability and nutritional richness. However, conventional farming techniques frequently result in suboptimal yields due to lead (Pb) contamination. Traditional milkfish ponds are typically situated near coastal areas, river waters, estuaries, ports, and industrial zones, rendering them susceptible to contamination, particularly from heavy metals, like Pb. This study aimed to analyze Pb accumulation in the body of milkfish juvenile, identify liver and gills damage, and examine the growth rate and survival of milkfish exposed to Pb at various concentrations. Juvenile milkfish were exposed to various concentrations of PbNO3, namely 0 mL.L-1, 0.08 mL.L-1, 0.8 mL.L-1, and 8 mL.L-1, including the non-exposed control group. The metal content of the fish bodies was measured using an AA spectrophotometer. Histological analysis of the liver and gills of the fish was performed to evaluate organ damage. The results showed significant Pb accumulation has been observed in milkfish exposed to high Pb concentrations. The control treatments showed a decrease in metal content, whereas treatments with high concentrations showed a significant increase. Exposure to Pb within 30 d can cause organ damage, such as inflammatory cells, secondary lamella fusion, and necrosis that occurs in the gills. In the liver, there is damage such as the accumulation of inflammatory cells, necrosis, and hydrofic degeneration. Pb exposure rapidly damages and disrupts milkfish's biological functions, influencing survival and growth. Pb exposure with doses 8 mL.L-1 significantly affected juvenile milkfish within approximately 60 min.
Escape room jako metoda aktywizująca w nauczaniu języka niemieckiego na uczelni wyższej
Authors: Łagowska Kinga
Published: April 2024

The idea of using an escape room in foreign language teaching fits perfectly with the needs of today’s learners, where we create a natural learning environment using digital tools. In the winter semester 2022/2023, a project entitled ‘My linguistic Escape Room (ER)’ was carried out among 60 third-year undergraduate students of German Studies at the University of Warsaw Institute of German Studies as part of the subject ‘Contemporary trends in language learning’. This project comprised three phases and was preceded by theoretical and practical lectures on the specifics of ER, as well as a review of analogue and digital games. The initial part of the project consisted of the lecturer initiating the project, discussing topic proposals in a forum, dividing into teams and developing a preliminary project plan. The core part involved independent work in teams and the final part involved the presentation of ER scenarios to the forum and their evaluation. Each of these parts was carried out exclusively in German. The following article presents the results of the project. The tool used to collect the research material was a questionnaire. The aim of the study was to identify the opinions of 3rd year undergraduate German studies students on the use of escape rooms in higher education. The main part of the survey concerns the advantages and difficulties experienced during each of the three phases. In the final section of the survey, students declare a desire for further escape room games at university and also during their further academic career. This fact reinforces the belief that escape rooms are an interesting and engaging activation technique at university, which should become a permanent part of the teaching repertoire.
Anglicyzmy w konfrontatywnym nauczaniu języka rosyjskiego
Authors: Woch Joanna
Published: April 2024

Russian language acquisition by Polish students is understood as effective and appropriate interaction in various conversational situations. This requires specific habits in the use of the contemporary Russian linguistic system. The use of a language can be examined in a natural communicative situation, which needs informal, spoken language. The usage of English loanwords in spoken Polish and Russian is frequent, which is why the characteristics of spoken language in contemporary spoken Russian and Polish needs to be examined. Research conducted on a group of Polish, Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian Youtubers shows that their speech contains some specific derivatives which are characteristic of colloquial Russian and Polish. It also contains groups of English loanwords: assimilated nouns, verb and adjective derivatives with productive suffixes. The study shows that English loanword adaptation differs in Polish and Russian, which reveals system differences between two related languages. Comparison of the most productive word formation processes in Russian and Polish can help to overcome language interference and improve the teaching of Russian to Polish students in general.
The Last of Us? Czy istnieje przyszłość dla neofilologii?
Authors: Grabowska Monika , Smuk Maciej , Sowa Magdalena
Published: April 2024

The article is about philological studies in Poland. It discusses the results of a survey conducted at 43 programs at philological studies in 13 Polish universities, with the aim of outlining the profile of students starting their studies (first year of bachelor’s and master’s programs) and those completing them (final year of bachelor’s and master’s programs). In the first case, the goal was to understand the motivations for pursuing studies and the expectations associated with them. In the second case, the objective was to determine the level of satisfaction with the completed studies and the reasons for satisfaction or dissatisfaction. In total, nearly 5000 respondents participated in the study. The results allowed us to draw conclusions regarding the profile of contemporary students of foreign philology and to propose some directions in which the programs might evolve.
Inclusion and Accessibility in Teacher Education
Authors: Nijakowska Joanna , Guz Ewa
Published: April 2024

The paper focuses on counteracting discrimination and exclusion in language teacher education by course design which is supportive and inclusive for all students. It also stresses the role of appropriate teacher training in boosting teachers’ sense of preparedness, self-efficacy beliefs and favourable attitudes towards inclusion and accessibility in language education. It promotes inclusive pedagogy (Florian, Black-Hawkins, 2011; Black-Hawkins, Florian, 2012; Florian, Spratt, 2013) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) (Meyer, Rose, Gordon, 2014; CAST, 2018; Torres, Rao, 2019; Novak, 2022) which allow avoiding stigmatisation and marginalisation of students with diverse needs. The paper uses the SCALED course, developed both for initial teacher education (ITE) and continuing professional development (CPD) of language teachers, as an example of good practice. It provides exemplary solutions which promote effective inclusion by increasing accessibility for students with various needs (including special needs and disabilities) through the universal design the course. The paper presents examples of universal design in relation to the course elements such as the goals, structure, tasks, content, materials, ways of providing feedback and conducting assessment.
Doskonalenie warsztatu metodycznego nauczyciela języka specjalistycznego w kontekście kształcenia nieformalnego. Wyniki badania pilotażowego
Authors: Wojakowska Marta
Published: April 2024

The importance of foreign language skills has increased in the labor market in recent years. A 2012 survey in Poland shows that effective communication and language skills are the most important skills sought from job applicants. It is therefore not surprising that private language schools and companies are offering more and more foreign language courses for professional purposes. In the context of thinking about informal learning of a language for specific purposes (LSP), it is worth reflecting on how a LSP teacher is prepared for work. It seems that attending workshops or practical training should be part of the repertoire of enhancing the professional competence of LSP teachers. However, discussions with experienced language teachers reveal that the reality is quite different. Therefore, given the growing demand for specialized language courses, diagnosis and discussion of the difficulties faced by LSP teachers is of academic relevance. The first part of this article presents a pilot study conducted in 2023 among LSP teachers. Following this, the difficulties of teaching professional languages will be presented. The last part refers to the presentation of methods, techniques and forms of work that can improve the methodological repertoire of LSP teachers.
Considerations on static pressure gradients in closed circulatory systems
Authors: Popara Nato , Cvitković Denis , Vilić Marinko , Pašić Selim
Published: April 2024

Siphons are devices that transport liquids uphill between two containers. It has been proposed that a siphon principle operates in closed circulatory systems, as best exemplified by the circulation of blood in mammals. This principle is supposed to ensure that no additional work is necessary to pump blood above the level of the heart, and that there is no gravitational static pressure gradient in the column of blood. The first statement is correct, while we demonstrate that, ignoring hydraulic resistance to blood flow, the static pressure gradient is equal to the hydrostatic gradient in a siphon model of blood circulation, although the details of the proof do not depend on the geometry of the circulatory system and the proof can be trivially extended to other models such as a vascular waterfall. This implies that the controversy over the siphon principle has no implications for the description of blood circulation, and that mechanisms such as the “baffle,” which some authors have appealed to in order to obtain the expected gradient, are not necessary. In our discussion, we also discuss empirical data that appear to provide additional verification of our results, as well as several everyday occurrences that provide additional support.
Aristotle on the Daemonic in
De divinatione
Authors: Radovic Filip David
Published: April 2024

I argue that the adjective δαιμόνιος (‘daemonic’) and the substantivized adjective τὸ δαιμόνιον (‘the daemonic’) that occur in Aristotle’s dream treatises basically mean ‘divine-like,’ denoting an illusory appearance of divine intervention, typically in the form of an alleged god-sent prophetic dream. Yet the appearances to which the terms refer are, in fact, neither divine nor supernatural at all, but involve merely coincidental correlations between the dream and the fulfilling event. It is shown that Aristotle’s use of ‘daemonic’ is traditional and reflects the endoxon that prophetic dreams are closely related to the divine. The paper also examines a set of earlier readings of the daemonic in De divinatione in relation to the proposed interpretation.
Import, Productivity, and Export Performances
Authors: Bandick Roger , Karpaty Patrik , Tingvall Patrik
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is twofold. First, we analyze whether the decision of where to import from is affected by firms’ ex-ante characteristics. Second, we analyze how the origin of imports affects firms’ productivity, export sales, and the number of export markets. Using extensive data on Swedish manufacturing firms from 2007 to 2020, we uncover several significant insights. Nearly 80% of the firms engage in international trade. The smallest firms operate exclusively as exporters, medium-sized firms as importers, and the largest firms engage in two-way trading. While most imports originate from high-wage countries, there has been a gradual shift to low-wage countries over time. Self-selection is evident, with highly productive firms importing from all sources, followed by firms that exclusively import from either low-wage or high-wage countries, and the lowest-productive firms not importing. By controlling for self-selection using the Event Study approach and difference-in-differences matching estimator, we find that large importing firms exhibit no significant differences in productivity and export sales in comparison to their non-importing counterparts. However, small importing firms show increased productivity growth, driven by high-wage imports. Both small and large firms importing from high- and low-wage countries tend to access more high-wage export markets than non-importers.
Concerning the Defamation and Execution of the “Radical” Ludwig Hätzer (1500–1529): An Attempt at Using Social Network Analysis on Small Samples
Authors: Dornbusch Aneke
Published: April 2024

This paper uses the method of Social Network Analysis to generate new insights into the life and trial of the dissident theologian and translator Ludwig Hätzer. With the help of the programme visone, the corpus of letters in which Hätzer is mentioned during his lifetime is visualised and analysed, incorporating the different evaluations Hätzer receives in the correspondence. The network analysis reveals the important role the brothers Ambrosius and Thomas Blarer in Constance played in connecting different parts of the network. It also shows that communication between theologians and cities seems to have taken place conspicuously separately. The paper argues that letters by individuals like Wolfgang Capito and Martin Bucer might, in the end, have been more relevant in preparing the ground for Hätzer’s execution than polemical pamphlets. It also reveals that the turning point for Hätzer’s reputation must have been his acquaintance with Hans Denck.