bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Role of Estrogens in Olfaction, Sleep and Glymphatic Functionality in Relation to Sex Disparity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ekanayake Anupa , Peiris Senal , Ahmed Biyar , Kanekar Sangam , Grove Cooper , Kalra Deepak , Eslinger Paul , Yang Qing , Karunanayaka Prasanna
Published: August 2024

Several risk factors contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including genetics, metabolic health, cardiovascular history, and diet. It has been observed that women appear to face a higher risk of developing AD. Among the various hypotheses surrounding the gender disparity in AD, one pertains to the potential neuroprotective properties of estrogen. Compared to men, women are believed to be more susceptible to neuropathology due to the significant decline in circulating estrogen levels following menopause. Studies have shown, however, that estrogen replacement therapies in post-menopausal women do not consistently reduce the risk of AD. While menopause and estrogen levels are potential factors in the elevated incidence rates of AD among women, this review highlights the possible roles estrogen has in other pathways that may also contribute to the sex disparity observed in AD such as olfaction, sleep, and glymphatic functionality.
Robotic spinal angiography: A single-center experience
Authors: Shekhtman Oleg , Sioutas Georgios S , Dagli Mert Marcel , Matache Irina-Mihaela , Pukenas Bryan A , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives

Robotic neurointervention enhances procedural precision, reduces radiation risk, and improves care access. Originally for interventional cardiology, the CorPath GRX platform has been used in neurointerventions. Recent studies highlight robotic cerebral angiography benefits, but information on spinal angiography is limited. While a new generation of robotic solutions is on the horizon, this series evaluates our experience with the CorPath GRX in spinal angiographic procedures, addressing a key gap in neurointerventional research.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective case series, we analyzed 11 patients who underwent robotic-assisted diagnostic procedures with the CorPath GRX system from February 2022 to March 2023 at our institution. A descriptive synthesis was performed on the demographic, baseline, surgical, and postoperative data collected.

Results

The average age of the 11 patients was 54 ± 20.34 years, with six (54.55%) female. The mean body mass index was 29.58 ± 7.86, and 7 (63.64%) were non-smokers. Of the 11 procedures using the CorPath GRX system, four (36.36%) were partially converted to manual technique. General anesthesia was used in nine cases (81.82%), and right-side femoral access in ten (90.91%) patients. Mean fluoroscopy time was 24.81 ± 10.19 min, contrast dose 174.09 ± 57.31 mL, dose area product 472.23 ± 437.57 Gy·cm², and air kerma 2438.84 ± 2107.06 mGy. No robot-related complications and minimal procedure-related complications were reported.

Conclusion

The CorPath GRX system, a robotic-assisted platform, has proven reliable and safe in spinal angiography, evidenced by its enhanced procedural accuracy and reduced radiation exposure for operators.
Living With Depression in the Family: A Narrative Inquiry Methodology for Seeking Meaning Through Stories
Authors: Cole Amanda , Kemp Vivien , Pooley Julie Ann , Whitehead Lisa
Published: August 2024

Depression is a cause of disability globally and affects not only the person living with the condition, but the whole family. How people construct meaning to ‘live well’ and make sense of the reality of living with a person diagnosed with depression were explored through narrative inquiry and stories. The purpose of this article is to justify the use of narrative inquiry methodology to explore how people make meaning and find ways to live well and live with a family member who lives with depression. An interpretivist epistemological perspective, with the ontological principles of critical realism, and a social constructionist approach were chosen to guide the methodological framework. This was because how people construct the stories about their experiences will influence how those stories are told and what meaning is given to them. Eight people who live with a family member diagnosed with depression told their stories for this study. A realist approach to data analysis was taken, transcribed data were re-storied with redundancies removed, and member checked for accuracy. Using McCormack’s and Chases’ Lenses, the data revealed the strengths and challenges individuals faced when living with a family member with depression. Narrative Inquiry was an appropriate methodology to reveal how participants made sense of and constructed meaning about living well when living with a family member who lives with depression. Through the cyclical nature of depressive illness, participants navigated the fluctuations and uncertainties to find ways to live well and live with their family member. The research has the potential to adopt aspects of a family strengths-based and family systems approach into clinical practice, which would be valuable in supporting families living with depression and other mental health conditions.
Numerical investigation on thermal behaviors of Heat Sinks and Hybrid Heat Sinks with different PCMs for electronic cooling
Authors: Çiçek Burcu
Published: August 2024

In this study, a numerical method was used to investigate the melting process of PCM-Heat Sink and PCM-Hybrid Heat sinks for electronic cooling. Firstly, three different PCMs, designated as RT-28HC, RT-31, and RT-54HC, with varying thermophysical properties, were used within aluminum finned heat sink and three-dimensional time-dependent analyses was conducted using the ANSYS Fluent software, at heat fluxes of 3.6, 4.2, and 4.8 kW/m2. To calculate the enhancement ratio in the PCM-Heat Sink, setpoint temperatures of 45°C and 60°C were selected. The results revealed that RT-54HC is the best option among them, since it produced the lowest heat sink base temperature at the end of 120 min simulation period. At last, two hybrid heat sink models, designated as HPCM1 and HPCM2 were designed and their cooling performances were analyzed at heat transfer coefficients of 5, 10, and 15 W/m K. The RT-54HC was used as the PCM for hybrid heat sinks at a heat flux of 4.8 kW/m2. It was observed that HPCM1, with heat conductivity coefficients of 10 and 15 W/m2 K were more effective than PCM-HS models for cooling. In conclusion, this study provides useful guidelines for designing heat sinks and selecting PCM types for electronic cooling.
Key learnings from the INBUILD trial in patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mira-Avendano Isabel , Kaye Mitchell
Published: August 2024

In a patient with interstitial lung disease (ILD) of known or unknown etiology other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is defined by worsening lung fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), decline in lung function, and/or deterioration in symptoms. The INBUILD trial involved 663 patients with PPF who were randomized to receive nintedanib or placebo. The median exposure to trial medication was approximately 19 months. The INBUILD trial provided valuable learnings about the course of PPF and the efficacy and safety of nintedanib. The relative effect of nintedanib on reducing the rate of forced vital capacity decline was consistent across subgroups based on ILD diagnosis, HRCT pattern, and disease severity at baseline, and between patients who were and were not taking glucocorticoids or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and/or glucocorticoids at baseline. The adverse events most frequently associated with nintedanib were gastrointestinal, particularly diarrhea, but nintedanib was discontinued in only a minority of cases. The results of the INBUILD trial highlight the importance of prompt detection and treatment of PPF and the utility of nintedanib as a treatment option.
Patient preferences for adalimumab in inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide study from the GETAID
Authors: Caron Bénédicte , Seksik Philippe , Buisson Anthony , Wils Pauline , Savoye Guillaume , Stefanescu Carmen , Laharie David , Guillo Lucas , Abitbol Vered , Bonnet Joelle , Altwegg Romain , Vuitton Lucine , Moussata Driffa , Bourreille Arnaud , Biron Amélie , Gilletta Cyrielle , Fumery Mathurin , Nahon Stephane , Nancey Stephane , Camara Houda , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: August 2024

Background:

Several adalimumab preparations are now available for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Comparative satisfaction and tolerability are unknown.

Objectives:

This study investigated IBD patient satisfaction with approved adalimumab biosimilars and their originator.

Design:

In this cross-sectional study, we included 941 consecutive adalimumab-treated patients with IBD across 45 centres affiliated with the Groupe d’Etude Therapeutique des Affections Inflammatoires du tube Digestif who completed a satisfaction questionnaire comprising four items each rated by a 10-point scale.

Methods:

The differences in responses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s honest significant difference test.

Results:

The most commonly used drugs at inclusion were Humira® (436/941, 46.3%), Amgevita® (177/941, 18.8%) and Hulio® (105/941, 11.2%). The mean overall satisfaction rate with adalimumab was 8.5 (standard deviation 1.8). Overall satisfaction was significantly higher in patients treated with Humira (8.6 (1.5)), Hulio (8.6 (1.8)) or Amgevita (8.5 (1.4)) ( p < 0.05). Satisfaction with the subcutaneous injection form was higher for patients treated with Yuflyma® (9.0 (1.4)), Humira (8.9 (1.3)) and Hulio (8.9 (1.7)) ( p < 0.05). A total of 299 patients (31.8%) described injection site reactions. In all, 223 patients (23.7%) reported being previously treated with another adalimumab of which (32/223, 14.3%) discontinued treatment due to side effects.

Conclusion:

In this real-world setting, patients with IBD had a high level of satisfaction with adalimumab treatment, with some differences in terms of overall satisfaction and satisfaction with the injection device.
Clinical decision making in the assessment and treatment of closed hand fractures: A scoping review
Authors: Fournier Katia , Li Lily , Kennedy Donna L
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Closed hand fractures represent a significant proportion of emergency department attendances, result in substantial health service utilisation and have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Increasingly, hand therapists in the United Kingdom provide first line fracture treatment. However, the knowledge and skills required to work in such an extended scope capacity have not been elucidated or standardised. This literature review synthesises and reports evidence for the knowledge requisite of clinicians to make evidence-based treatment decisions for patients with hand fractures.

Methods

A systematic search was undertaken, using Embase, MEDLINE, PsychInfo and CINAHL electronic databases. Inclusion criteria were English language, full research reports of studies assessing of the reliability or validity of the decision-making process in hand fracture treatment published between 2013 and 2023. Data were summarised narratively.

Results

15 studies met inclusion criteria; most assessed decision making for metacarpal fractures. Studies on imaging ( n = 4) suggested the reliability of plain radiograph interpretation of hand fracture characteristics such as angulation is good and similar across various levels of experience. Agreement between surgeons and therapists in choosing surgical or nonsurgical treatment was generally good, but factors influencing decision making remained unclear. No evidence was identified that explored clinical assessment knowledge (subjective or objective patient factors) or the specific competencies required to treat hand fractures.

Conclusions

There is limited evidence for the knowledge and skills required of clinicians for the competent assessment and treatment of hand fractures. Stakeholder consensus work is required to develop robust competencies and standardise practice.
Young children’s language socialisation to baby talk and ontology of infancy in a small rural Indo-Fijian community
Authors: Diamond Alexandra
Published: August 2024

This qualitative ethnographic research explores baby talk (BT) and ontology of infancy in a small, rural Indo-Fijian community via semistructured interviews with mothers about their children’s language learning, mothers’ narratives about their photographs of their young children engaged in everyday language, and audio- and video-recordings of naturalistic communication with and around 11 young children in their home environments. Analyses draw on Bourdieu’s notion of habitus, Ochs and Schieffelin’s child-centred and situation-centred categorisations, and de León’s approach to understanding language socialisation in multiparty participation frameworks. The findings describe: i) features of local BT, ii) local beliefs about babies, language acquisition and BT, iii) how local speakers’ communications with babies fit Ochs and Schieffelin’s categories, and iv) how young children draw on their elders’ BT to continue their community’s ways of interacting with and thinking about babies. The conclusion provides implications for pedagogy in early childhood education and care settings.
Enhancing nutrition information utilisation, confidence, and role legitimacy and adequacy among early childhood education professionals through evidence-based online training
Authors: Wallace Ruth , Sambell Ros , Fu Shih Ching , Lo Johnny , Cook Elizabeth J , Devine Amanda
Published: August 2024

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online short course based on the Health Promoting Schools Framework and specifically designed for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) professionals. The short course aimed to enhance ECEC professionals’ nutrition knowledge, confidence, role legitimacy and adequacy to model healthy behaviours, teach healthy food habits and create health-promoting environments. Participants ( n = 116) working at Australian ECEC services were assigned to control ( n = 62) or intervention ( n = 54) groups. Both groups completed a pre-intervention survey. The intervention group accessed the four-week course and completed the post-intervention survey. The control group completed a second survey after four weeks but before accessing the course. Statistical analyses revealed significant positive changes in confidence, nutrition information utilisation and role perception for the intervention group. This study’s findings suggest that evidence-based online nutrition training could be used improve ECEC professionals’ practice to foster better nutrition outcomes for young children.
Coattailing for Regime Continuity?: Unraveling Duterte's Legacy in Marcos Jr.'s 2022 Electoral Victory
Authors: Mendoza Gabrielle Ann S. , Deinla Imelda B. , Domingo Cristine Lian C. , Yap Jurel K.
Published: August 2024

The electoral victory of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has been attributed to a range of factors such as misinformation, patronage, and populism. We argue that Marcos’ electoral victory should not be treated as an isolated instantaneous event, but rather a result of a shift in the country's political narrative due to the legacy of his predecessor. The shift to illiberal populism is tied to the public's continued support for Duterte's flagship policies as well as in the proliferation of populist rhetoric on social media. Using a non-probability survey of 1500 Filipinos, we find that support for President Duterte and his policies as well as trust in social media are significantly correlated with votes for Marcos Jr. It appears like Marcos Jr.'s investment in a social media campaign has paid off not just in terms of votes received but also in strengthening his image as a populist leader.
Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Gastro-Protective Actions of Cardamom Essential Oil-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Mohemmad Raz Nawzad , Ahmed Basima Sadq , Ahmed Van Abdulqader , Ismail Serwan Mohemmad , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman
Published: August 2024

Background: Elettaria cardamomum possesses a variety of beneficial effects. Thus, we aimed to investigate cardamom essential oil-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (CEO-NLC) gastro-protective effects in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats of the Wistar strain were assigned into eight groups. Pretreatment of animal groups with the low (300 mg/kg) and high (600 mg/kg) doses of CEO-NLC alleviates the pathological damage. It significantly reduces the ulcer areas induced by ethanol in rats, reducing pH, gastric-free, and total acidity measurements. Omeprazole 20 mg/kg was utilized as a reference medication to compare its effect with CEO-NLC. Results: Treatment with CEO-NLC increases total antioxidant capacity and suppresses oxidative damage of the stomach by lowering malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Furthermore, inflammatory infiltration in groups treated with CEO-NLC is alleviated by decreasing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF- α, and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10. Administration of CEO-NLC, either at prophylactic or therapeutic doses, significantly reduces gastrin levels. Conclusion: CEO-NLCs demonstrated curative effects in inhibiting ethanol-induced gastric damage, which is related to suppressing gastric inflammation and oxidative stress. Thus, CEO-NLC might enhance the management of gastric ulcers.
Exploring psychedelic use in athletes and their attitudes toward psilocybin-assisted therapy in concussion recovery
Authors: VanderZwaag Baeleigh , Garcia-Romeu Albert , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Psychedelics are receiving growing interest among clinical researchers for their effects on mood and cognition. Psilocybin is one of the most widely studied classic psychedelics which has shown good safety and clinical benefit for major depression and substance use disorders. Athletes frequently sustain concussions and often experience myriad symptoms, including cognitive and mood issues, which can persist for weeks or months in 10%–30% of athletes. Psilocybin may be a potential symptom management option for athletes with persisting concussion symptoms.

Objectives:

This study sought to summarize athlete psychedelic use, among other substances, and to examine the willingness of the sports community to engage in or support psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) for concussion recovery and management of persisting concussion symptoms.

Methods:

In total, 175 ( n = 85 athletes; n = 90 staff) respondents completed an online survey distributed in Canada and the United States which queried sport involvement and demographics, substance use, concussion history, and knowledge and willingness about psilocybin. The reporting of this study conforms to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) statement.

Design:

Substance use rates were summarized across athletes and team staff members and a path analysis was used for each sample to identify predictors of willingness to use PAT (athletes) or support PAT (staff) for concussion recovery. Participants were also asked to identify perceived barriers to the implementation of PAT for sports-related concussions, and to indicate their overall willingness.

Results:

Psychedelics were the third most used substance in the past year among athletes (35.8%) while regular psychedelic use was quite low in athletes (7.5%). A path analysis conducted in RStudio found that attitudes toward psilocybin and knowledge of psilocybin were significant predictors for both athletes and staff members of their willingness to use or support PAT for concussion recovery. Athletes reported likely engaging in PAT (61.2%) and staff (71.1%) reported that they would support their athletes using PAT.

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggest that the sports community may be receptive to PAT and athletes would be willing to engage in it for concussion recovery and/or the management of persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Future research should examine the effects of psilocybin for PPCS to inform whether there is any impact while addressing concerns regarding long-term effects of psilocybin use.
Acute psychotic and vitamin B12 deficiency in patient with nitrous oxide misuse: A case report
Authors: Mohammed Hasnaoui , Sara Echater , Bouchra Oneib
Published: August 2024

Nitrous oxide, also called nitrous monoxide, or nitrous oxide, is a colorless and odorless gas, without toxicological effect, but it can be asphyxiating at high concentration, its misuse is increasing especially among young people. Chronic use of N2O may cause psychiatric complications, including depression, hypomania, and paranoid psychosis with visual and auditory hallucinations. We present a case of nitrous oxide abuse “laughing gas” in 25 years old woman with bizarre behavior delusions and hallucinations with a normal neurological examination. The patient had low levels of vitamin B12 (135 pmol/L). Treatment with antipsychotics and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) resolved her psychosis. In addition to the hematological and neurological effects, rare cases of acute psychosis, especially in young people with or without psychiatric history, use varies from 1 month to years. Clinicians are increasingly in need of knowledge regarding the misuse of nitrous oxide.
Development and acceptability of a gestational diabetes mellitus prevention system (Better pregnancy) based on a user-centered approach: A clinical feasibility study
Authors: Duan Beibei , Zhou Zheyi , Liu Mengdi , Liu Zhe , Zhang Qianghuizi , Liu Leyang , Ma Cunhao , Gou Baohua , Liu Weiwei
Published: August 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can increase the risk of adverse outcomes for both mothers and infants. Preventive interventions can effectively assist pregnant women suffering from GDM. At present, pregnant women are unaware of the importance of preventing GDM, and they possess a low level of self-management ability. Recently, mHealth technology has been used worldwide. Therefore, developing a mobile health app for GDM prevention could potentially help pregnant women reduce the risk of GDM.

Objective

To design and develop a mobile application, evaluate its acceptance, and understand the users’using experience and suggestions, thus providing a valid tool to assist pregnant women at risk of GDM in enhancing their self-management ability and preventing GDM.

Methods

An evidence-based GDM prevent app ( Better pregnancy) was developed using user-centered design methods, following the health belief model, and incorporating GDM risk prediction. A convenient sampling method was employed from June to August 2022 to select 102 pregnant women at risk of GDM for the pilot study. After a week, the app's acceptability was evaluated using an application acceptance questionnaire, and we updated the app based on the feedback from the women. We used SPSS 26.0 for data analysis.

Results

The application offers various functionalities, including GDM risk prediction, health management plan, behavior management, health information, personalized guidance and consultation, peer support, family support, and other functions. In total, 102 pregnant women consented to participate in the study, achieving a retention rate of 98%; however, 2% ( n = 2) withdrew. The Better pregnancy app's average acceptability score is 4.07 out of 5. Additionally, participants offered several suggestions aimed at enhancing the application.

Conclusions

The Better pregnancy app developed in this study can serve as an auxiliary management tool for the prevention of GDM, providing a foundation for subsequent randomized controlled trials.
Co-design for technology in paediatric therapy: Developing an augmented reality intervention for children with developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Welsby Ellana , Hobbs David , Hordacre Brenton , Ward Emily , Hillier Susan
Published: August 2024

Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning and performing movements, often requiring increased feedback. Technology may be useful for delivering augmented feedback. Co-design methodology for developing therapeutic interventions has become popular in healthcare, including for technology in rehabilitation. However, there are limited guidelines on how to use co-design methodology in healthcare. Methods: We applied three key principles, (1) Understanding, (2) Exploring, and (3) Materialising, to inform a co-design process. End-user participants included paediatric clinicians, young learners, their caregivers, and the research team, who shared their expertise and lived experience to inform the creation of a novel system. Results: A team of end-users designed and developed an augmented reality intervention prototype for practicing motor skills aimed at children with DCD using a generative co-design process. From understanding the unmet needs, we explored and then materialised a series of games using bespoke technology solutions. Conclusion: The use of a co-design process was beneficial in engaging end-users as the experts of their experience in the creation of a novel augmented reality intervention prototype aimed for children with DCD. The co-design process was successful in facilitating a prototype that meets consumer needs, and ensured all end-user voices were heard.
Beyond Distress and Hunger: Understanding Contemporary Migration in a Green Revolution Belt in Eastern India
Authors: Podh Kishor K.
Published: August 2024

This study examines contemporary migration patterns in the Hirakud Command Area, an agriculturally prosperous region in Eastern India. Traditionally, internal migration in India has been associated with factors such as backwardness, agrarian distress, and food insecurity. However, this research challenges this perspective by uncovering a growing trend of migration among the upper socio-economic strata. Contrary to popular belief, present study shows an increasing trend of migration among the educated, unmarried male youths belong to the upper strata of the socio-economic hierarchy, guided by their aspirations, accessibility, and ability of migrants rather than merely by hunger and distress. By highlighting these findings, this study urges a departure from conventional economic determinants and suggests a broader understanding of migration dynamics. It reveals that individuals from marginalized backgrounds are less likely to migrate, while migrants from higher caste-class categories possess better positions, income, and occupational status in their migration destinations. These insights contribute to a more nuanced comprehension of contemporary migration in the Hirakud Command Area. It underscores the importance of considering non-economic factors in migration analysis and calls for tailored policy interventions that address the specific needs and aspirations of different migrant groups.
Open Science at Clinical Psychological Science: Reflections on Progress, Lessons Learned, and Suggestions for Continued Improvement
Authors: Howard Andrea L. , Neal Tess M.S. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Urry Heather L. , Tackett Jennifer L.
Published: August 2024

Open science is challenging and frequently time-consuming work, but the payoff is greater assurance that published research is transparent, conducted rigorously, and protected against some forms of researcher bias. In this editorial, we reflect on progress made toward the integration of open-science practices at Clinical Psychological Science ( CPS) 7 years after badges were introduced in the journal and 3 years after open science was initiated as an editorial priority at CPS. Along with establishing open science as an editorial priority, the first team of Open Science Advisors was established to oversee and facilitate preregistration, open materials, and open data badge applications. Here, we discuss how these practices have evolved over time, highlight best practices and common challenges in this work, and emphasize next steps for the future of open science in clinical-psychology research.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes Following Meniscus Repair in Patients 40 Years and Older
Authors: Sedgwick Matthew J. , Saunders Christopher , Getgood Alan M.J.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Meniscal repair has been associated with long-term benefit in patients compared with meniscectomy. As a generalization, meniscal repair in older patients is less likely to be successful, leading to reduced adoption of meniscal repair compared with younger patients.

Purpose:

To establish the clinical performance of meniscal repair in “older” patients (age, ≥40 years) and compare it with performance in “younger” patients (age, <40 years).

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic literature review was performed in September 2021 using Embase and PubMed to identify published English-language studies that reported on a meniscal repair in >5 patients aged ≥40 years. Outcomes of interest were success/failure rate (as defined by the study), revision meniscal procedure rate, and patient-reported outcomes. Meta-analyses were used to synthesize outcomes across all studies in older patients. Meta-analyses were also used to compare outcomes between older and younger patients across studies, providing data on both age groups.

Results:

Fourteen studies were identified. Meniscal repair in older patients was determined to have a failure rate of 12% (95% CI, 7.3% to 19.4%) and a revision meniscal procedure rate of 9.8% (95% CI, 6.2% to 15.0%). The postoperative Lysholm score was 86.7 (95% CI, 81.7 to 91.7). No statistically significant differences were observed between older and younger patients in failure rate (relative risk [RR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.44 to 1.21]; P = .2205), revision meniscal procedure rate (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.41 to 1.16]; P = .1613), or Lysholm scores (mean difference, 2.3 [95% CI, –4.7 to 9.2]; P = .5278, 4 studies).

Conclusion:

Meniscal repair in selected patients aged ≥40 years resulted in good success rates and patient-reported outcome measures, which appear similar to those reported for patients aged <40 years. Therefore, meniscal repairs can be performed in at least a specific portion of “older” patients, and age per se should not be the sole determining factor in whether to perform a meniscal repair.
‘Humiliation, shame and torment’: Continuity and change in the statuses and power hierarchies in the post-Soviet prison system
Authors: Omel’chenko Elena L , Garifzyanova Albina R , Pallot Judith
Published: August 2024

In this article, we discuss the changes in formal and informal power hierarchies, and their impact on traditional prisoner statuses, in Russian prisons. Changes have taken place against the backdrop of the attempt by the Russian Federal Prison Service to re-balance power in its favour after the 1990s, which saw a shift in the power geometry in correctional colonies ( ispravitelnie kolonii) towards prison sub-cultures. This attempt has been accompanied by a heightened level of violence in the management of prisoners, which has generated an atmosphere of uncertainty, human helplessness and unpredictability in correctional colonies. One result has been the emergence of new intermediate statuses as prisoners seek to avoid the binary power structure of the traditional ‘thieves-in-law’ sub-culture and prison authorities and their proxy ‘activists’. The new intermediate statuses and groups typically are unstable but they can be seen as a threat by prison authorities, which respond by intensifying the cycle of discrimination and violence, which we illustrate using the case study of Muslim prisoners.
Promoting Dignity for Adults With Extensive Support Needs in the Inclusive Workplace
Authors: Gilson Carly B. , Sinclair James
Published: August 2024

Participation in competitive, integrated employment contexts is chronically low for adults with extensive support needs (ESN). Prior research indicates that adults with ESN face pervasive hardships in accessing employment opportunities that promote meaning, well-being, and dignity in their career trajectories. Experiencing dignity is a fundamental part of feeling included and valued in the workplace. This article provides recommendations for vocational practitioners and educators for how to advance dignity for people with ESN when working in or preparing to work in inclusive employment settings. These recommendations are aligned with the Elements of Dignity and voiced by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities who have lived experiences in competitive, integrated employment.
Genome-wide association study of susceptibility toPseudomonas aeruginosainfection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lin Boxi , Gong Jiafen , Keenan Katherine , Lin Fan , Lin Yu-chung , Mésinèle Julie , Calmel Claire , Mohand Oumoussa Badreddine , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Guillot Loïc , Corvol Harriet , Waters Valerie , Sun Lei , Strug Lisa J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosais a common pathogen that contributes to progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Genetic factors other than CF-causingCFTR(CF transmembrane conductance regulator) variations contribute ∼85% of the variation in chronicP. aeruginosainfection age in CF according to twin studies, but the susceptibility loci remain unknown. Our objective is to advance understanding of the genetic basis of host susceptibility toP. aeruginosainfection.

Materials and methods

We conducted a genome-wide association study of chronicP. aeruginosainfection age in 1037 Canadians with CF. We subsequently assessed the genetic correlation between chronicP. aeruginosainfection age and lung function through polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis and inferred their causal relationship through bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis.

Results

Two novel genome-wide significant loci with lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs62369766 (chr5p12; p=1.98×10−8) and rs927553 (chr13q12.12; p=1.91×10−8) were associated with chronicP. aeruginosainfection age. The rs62369766 locus was validated using an independent French cohort (n=501). Furthermore, the PRS constructed from CF lung function-associated SNPs was significantly associated with chronicP. aeruginosainfection age (p=0.002). Finally, our analysis presented evidence for a causal effect of lung function on chronicP. aeruginosainfection age (β=0.782 years, p=4.24×10−4). In the reverse direction, we observed a moderate effect (β=0.002, p=0.012).

Conclusions

We identified two novel loci that are associated with chronicP. aeruginosainfection age in individuals with CF. Additionally, we provided evidence of common genetic contributors and a potential causal relationship betweenP. aeruginosainfection susceptibility and lung function in CF. Therapeutics targeting these genetic factors may delay the onset of chronic infections, which account for significant remaining morbidity in CF.
Local receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 inhibition mitigates house dust mite-induced asthma
Authors: Alvarez-Simon Daniel , Ait Yahia Saliha , Audousset Camille , Fanton d'Andon Martine , Chamaillard Mathias , Gomperts Boneca Ivo , Tsicopoulos Anne
Published: August 2024

Background

House dust mite is the most frequent trigger of allergic asthma, with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms playing critical roles in outcomes. We recently identified the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 1 (NOD1)/receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) signalling pathway as a relevant contributor to murine house dust mite-induced asthma. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacological RIPK2 inhibitor administered locally as a preventive and therapeutic approach using a house dust mite-induced asthma model in wild-type and humanised NOD1 mice harbouring an asthma-associated risk allele, and its relevance using air–liquid interface epithelial cultures from asthma patients.

Methods

A RIPK2 inhibitor was administered intranasally either preventively or therapeutically in a murine house dust mite-induced asthma model. Airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoalveolar lavage composition, cytokine/chemokine expression and mucus production were evaluated, as well as the effect of the inhibitor on precision-cut lung slices. Furthermore, the inhibitor was tested on air–liquid interface epithelial cultures from asthma patients and controls.

Results

While local preventive administration of the RIPK2 inhibitor reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mucus production, T-helper type 2 cytokines and interleukin 33 (IL-33) in wild-type mice, its therapeutic administration failed to reduce the above parameters, except IL-33. By contrast, therapeutic RIPK2 inhibition mitigated all asthma features in humanised NOD1 mice. Results in precision-cut lung slices emphasised an early role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33 in the NOD1-dependent response to house dust mite, and a late effect of NOD1 signalling on IL-13 effector response. RIPK2 inhibitor downregulated thymic stromal lymphopoietin and chemokines in house dust mite-stimulated epithelial cultures from asthma patients.

Conclusion

These data support that local interference of the NOD1 signalling pathway through RIPK2 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic approach in house dust mite-induced asthma.
The impact of highly effective modulator therapy on sinusitis and dysosmia in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective study protocol
Authors: Liu Christine M. , Fischer Jakob L. , Zemanick Edith T. , Woods Jason C. , Markarian Karolin K. , Fain Sean B. , Froh Deborah , Heltshe Sonya L. , Hoffman Lucas R. , Humphries Stephen M. , Kramer Elizabeth L. , Ode Katie Larson , Lewis Michael , Li Douglas A. , Mata Jaime , Milla Sarah S. , Niedbalski Peter J. , Sawatzky Benjamin D. , Sim Myung-Shin , Sullivan Jillian S. , Trout Andrew T. , Goss Christopher H. , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction (OD) are prevalent disease complications in people with cystic fibrosis. These understudied comorbidities significantly impact quality of life. The impact of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in young children with cystic fibrosis (YCwCF) on these disease complications is unknown. This proposed study aims to characterise CRS and OD in YCwCF and assess the efficacy of HEMT in improving sinus and olfactory health in this young age group.

Methods

This six-centre, prospective, observational study will enrol 80 YCwCF aged 2–8 years. Patients are divided into two groups: those receiving HEMT and those not on HEMT based on clinical indication. Both groups undergo sinus magnetic resonance imaging, psychophysical olfactory tests, and complete patient- or parent-reported quality of life surveys over 2 years. Outcomes will be compared before and after initiation of HEMT and between groups. Ethical approval has been obtained for all sites, and this study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06191640).

Results

Enrolment began in April 2023. 21 participants have been enrolled as of October 2023 with ongoing enrolment at all sites.

Conclusion

This investigation is expected to provide critical insights into the potential benefits of early HEMT initiation in managing CRS and OD in YCwCF. It will assist in developing targeted interventions and contribute to the understanding of HEMT's role in altering the disease course in this demographic.
CD74 facilitates immunotherapy response by shaping the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Jianghong , Li Junyang , Jiang Xinjie , Ma Xi , Li Bixuan , Zhai Han , Luo Xianyang , Zhou Yi , Wu Junhua , Zhang Zhiming , Chen Shuai , Wang Yang
Published: August 2024

Background

CD74 is ectopically expressed in many tumors and can regulate tumor immunity. However, there are many gaps in the study of the prognostic value of CD74 expression and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

An online tumor database was searched to obtain data on gene/protein expression. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Comprehensive Analysis on Multi-Omics of Immunotherapy in Pan-cancer databases. Single-cell data were obtained from the Tissue-specific Gene Expression and Regulation, Single-cell Transcriptomes of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub 2 databases.

Results

CD74 was highly expressed in HCC patients. HCC patients with high CD74 expression who consumed alcohol or were negative for hepatitis virus had a better prognosis than patients with low CD74 expression. CD74 was mainly enriched in immune response regulation pathways. Both copy number variations in CD74 and CD74 expression patterns affected the infiltration levels of immune cells. Interestingly, CD74 regulated the differentiation of myeloid cells. CD74 in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) forms complex networks with malignant cells and hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)-like cells, respectively. High CD74 expression in HPC-like cells and malignant cells significantly decreased the fraction of C-type lectin domain family 9 A (CLEC9A)-cDC1+DCs and IL-1B+macrophages, respectively. Their crosstalk subsequently shaped the tumor microenvironment of HCC, possibly through the CD74-MIF axis. Importantly, patients with high CD74 expression presented higher immune scores and achieved good outcomes after receiving immunotherapy.

Conclusion

High CD74 expression is associated with the abundance of a variety of immune cell types, mediating interactions among tumor and immune cells and shaping the malignant behavior of HCC. In summary, CD74 may be a hallmark for determining the prognosis and immune cell infiltration levels of HCC patients.
Genetic diversity and signatures of selection in Icelandic horses and Exmoor ponies
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Heiðrún , Ablondi Michela , Kristjansson Thorvaldur , Lindgren Gabriella , Eriksson Susanne
Published: August 2024

Background

The Icelandic horse and Exmoor pony are ancient, native breeds, adapted to harsh environmental conditions and they have both undergone severe historic bottlenecks. However, in modern days, the selection pressures on these breeds differ substantially. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity in both breeds through expected (HE) and observed heterozygosity (HO) and effective population size (Ne). Furthermore, we aimed to identify runs of homozygosity (ROH) to estimate and compare genomic inbreeding and signatures of selection in the breeds.

Results

HO was estimated at 0.34 and 0.33 in the Icelandic horse and Exmoor pony, respectively, aligning closely with HE of 0.34 for both breeds. Based on genomic data, the Ne for the last generation was calculated to be 125 individuals for Icelandic horses and 42 for Exmoor ponies. Genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) ranged from 0.08 to 0.20 for the Icelandic horse and 0.12 to 0.27 for the Exmoor pony, with the majority of inbreeding attributed to short ROHs in both breeds. Several ROH islands associated with performance were identified in the Icelandic horse, featuring target genes such as DMRT3, DOCK8, EDNRB, SLAIN1, and NEURL1. Shared ROH islands between both breeds were linked to metabolic processes (FOXO1), body size, and the immune system (CYRIB), while private ROH islands in Exmoor ponies were associated with coat colours (ASIP, TBX3, OCA2), immune system (LYG1, LYG2), and fertility (TEX14, SPO11, ADAM20).

Conclusions

Evaluations of genetic diversity and inbreeding reveal insights into the evolutionary trajectories of both breeds, highlighting the consequences of population bottlenecks. While the genetic diversity in the Icelandic horse is acceptable, a critically low genetic diversity was estimated for the Exmoor pony, which requires further validation. Identified signatures of selection highlight the differences in the use of the two breeds as well as their adaptive trait similarities. The results provide insight into genomic regions under selection pressure in a gaited performance horse breed and various adaptive traits in small-sized native horse breeds. This understanding contributes to preserving genetic diversity and population health in these equine populations.
Regression without regrets –initial data analysis is a prerequisite for multivariable regression
Authors: Heinze Georg , Baillie Mark , Lusa Lara , Sauerbrei Willi , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Harrell Frank E. , Huebner Marianne ,   on behalf of TG2 and TG3 of the STRATOS initiative
Published: August 2024

Statistical regression models are used for predicting outcomes based on the values of some predictor variables or for describing the association of an outcome with predictors. With a data set at hand, a regression model can be easily fit with standard software packages. This bears the risk that data analysts may rush to perform sophisticated analyses without sufficient knowledge of basic properties, associations in and errors of their data, leading to wrong interpretation and presentation of the modeling results that lacks clarity. Ignorance about special features of the data such as redundancies or particular distributions may even invalidate the chosen analysis strategy. Initial data analysis (IDA) is prerequisite to regression analyses as it provides knowledge about the data needed to confirm the appropriateness of or to refine a chosen model building strategy, to interpret the modeling results correctly, and to guide the presentation of modeling results. In order to facilitate reproducibility, IDA needs to be preplanned, an IDA plan should be included in the general statistical analysis plan of a research project, and results should be well documented. Biased statistical inference of the final regression model can be minimized if IDA abstains from evaluating associations of outcome and predictors, a key principle of IDA. We give advice on which aspects to consider in an IDA plan for data screening in the context of regression modeling to supplement the statistical analysis plan. We illustrate this IDA plan for data screening in an example of a typical diagnostic modeling project and give recommendations for data visualizations.