bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a chimeric ALT perforator flap with vastus lateralis muscle mass in the reconstruction of the defects after radical resection of a buccal carcinoma: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Wu Xiaoshan , Yang Rong , Yuan Yongxiang , Xiong Yafei , Su Tong , Jiang Canhua , Jian Xinchun , Guo Feng
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives

Aggressive resection of buccal cancer simultaneously leaves both oral and lateral facial defects. It is unknown whether a perforator‐based chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, with a muscular component, is suitable for the reconstruction of these complicated defects.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 48 patients with a buccal carcinoma (T2 N0‐1 M0), who underwent extensive surgical resection, were enrolled. Twenty‐seven cases underwent reconstruction using the classical ALT perforator flap (classical group), and 21 cases used the chimeric ALT perforator flap with vastus lateralis muscle mass (chimeric group). The incidence of wound infection, lower limb extremity function, facial appearance, survival curves, and quality of life were compared between groups.

Results

The incidence of wound infection or effusion was lower in the chimeric group than in the classical group. The aesthetic result achieved in the chimeric group was better than in the classical group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the function of the donor site between groups.

Conclusions

The chimeric ALT perforator flap, with a muscular component, can reconstruct both the oral and lateral face defects accurately. It sustains the profile of the lateral face and decreases the incidence of wound infection.
Readmissions after ovarian cancer cytoreduction surgery: The first 30 days and beyond
Authors: Mardock Alexandra L. , Rudasill Sarah E. , Lai Tiffany S. , Sanaiha Yas , Wong Deanna H. , Sinno Abdulrahman K. , Benharash Peyman , Cohen Joshua G.
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives

Postoperative readmissions are often used to assess quality of surgical care. This study compared 30‐day vs 31‐ to 90‐day readmission following surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study of the 2010‐2015 Nationwide Readmissions Database characterized 90‐day readmissions following cytoreductive surgery for these cancers. Each patient's first postoperative hospitalization was included. Univariate analysis compared patient demographics and reasons for readmission. Multivariable regression identified independent predictors of readmission.

Results

Of an estimated 76 652 patients, 10 264 (13.4%) were readmitted within 30 days, and 6942 (9.1%) between 31 and 90 days. The 30‐day readmissions were more frequently associated with postoperative infection, while 31‐ to 90‐day readmissions were more frequently associated with renal or hematologic diagnoses. Predictors of any 90‐day readmission included index hospitalization longer than 7 days (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.61 [1.48‐1.75], P < .001), extended surgical procedure (AOR 1.41 [1.30‐1.53], P < .001), pulmonary circulation disorder (AOR = 1.34 [1.13‐1.60], P = .001), and diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.12 [1.02‐1.24], P = .020).

Conclusions

Readmission rates remain high during the 31‐ to 90‐day postoperative period in ovarian cancer patients, although these readmissions are less frequently related to postoperative complications. Prospective study is merited to optimize surveillance beyond the initial 30 days after ovarian cancer surgery.
Preparation and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers based on β‐cyclodextrin‐stabilized Pickering emulsion polymerization for selective recognition of erythromycin from river water and milk
Authors: Li Tianhao , Li Xiufang , Liu Hui , Deng Zhiwei , Zhang Yunshan , Zhang Zhuomin , He Yao , Yang Yanjing , Zhong Shian
Published: July 2020

Molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared via β‐cyclodextrin‐stabilized oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsion polymerization for selective recognition and adsorption of erythromycin. The synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers were spherical in shape, with diameters ranging from 20 to 40 µm. The molecularly imprinted polymers showed high adsorption capacity (87.08 mg/g) and adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Langmuir model. Adsorption kinetics study demonstrated that the molecularly imprinted polymers acted in a fast adsorption kinetic pattern and the adsorption features of molecularly imprinted polymers followed a pseudo‐first‐order model. Adsorption selectivity analysis revealed that molecularly imprinted polymers had a much better specificity for erythromycin than that for spiramycin or amoxicillin, and the relative selectivity coefficient values on the bases of spiramycin and amoxicillin were 3.97 and 3.86, respectively. The Molecularly imprinted polymers also showed a satisfactory reusability after four times of regeneration. In addition, molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited good adsorption capacities for erythromycin under complicated environment, that is, river water and milk. These results proved that the as‐prepared molecularly imprinted polymers is a potent absorbent for selective recognition of erythromycin, and therefore it may be a promising candidate for practical applications, such as wastewater treatment and detection of erythromycin residues in food.
Preparation of highly responsive monodisperse magnetic porous silica microspheres for the enrichment of cephalosporins in wastewater
Authors: Bai Ruiting , Chang Chaoqun , Chen Lei
Published: July 2020

Highly responsive monodisperse microsized magnetic silica microspheres were synthesized through the electrostatic self‐assembly method. Monodisperse composite silica microspheres were prepared by depositing tetraethyl orthosilicate prepolymer on the glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate microspheres. After calcination, the organic moiety was removed and macroporous microspheres were left on the silica particles. To increase the selectivity, magnetic porous silica was bonded with different alkyl functional groups. The morphology, particle size distribution, magnetic properties, and functional groups of magnetic porous silica microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, coulter counter, vibrating sample magnetometry, X‐ray diffraction, and elemental analysis, respectively. Extraction parameters, including pH, the salt concentration of the adsorbed solution, adsorption time, elution solvent, and time, were systematically investigated. The developed magnetic solid‐phase extraction method, combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography, presented reasonable linearity (0.5–10 µg/mL), low limit of detection (45.0–108.0 ng/mL), and high selectivity for cefadroxil, cefquinome, and cefradine. It was operated in three kinds of cephalosporins detection from wastewater with the relative recovery rates in the range of 86.5–97.0%. These results indicated that the synthesized magnetic microsphere is a promising adsorbent for the enrichment of cephalosporins.
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy
Authors: Schmuecker Sara J. , Becker Drew A. , Lanzone Michael J. , Fogg Bob , Romano Susan P. , Katzner Todd E. , Miller Tricia A.
Published: July 2020

Weather can shape movements of animals and alter their exposure to anthropogenic threats. Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are increasingly at risk from collision with turbines used in onshore wind energy generation. In the midwestern United States, development of this energy source typically occurs in upland areas that bald eagles use only intermittently. Our objective was to determine the factors that cause wintering bald eagles to occupy riparian areas and riskier, upland areas. We tracked 20 bald eagles using telemetry in the Upper Midwest (MN, IA, MO, WI, IL, USA) during winter 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 and evaluated habitat use by eagles in response to variation in weather and time of year. Eagles used riparian areas more when wind speed and atmospheric pressure were low. Exclusive use of uplands was more frequent during weather systems with low pressure and high humidity and after long periods of cold weather. There was a non‐linear response to time of year (measured by days before migration) in the frequency of exclusive use of uplands or riparian areas. Probability of exclusive use of either landscape was generally constant within 95 days prior to migration. The probability of use of riparian areas, however, was markedly less during dates >100 days before migration. Our results suggest that eagles are most likely to be exposed to wind energy developments located in upland areas during low pressure systems, after long periods of cold weather, and several months before the onset of spring migration. This information helps to better understand the factors influencing bald eagle habitat use in winter and will be useful to managers and developers wishing to establish effective strategies to avoid, minimize, and mitigate take, and to survey for mortalities at wind energy developments. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Effectiveness of Partial Sedation to Reduce Stress in Captured Mule Deer
Authors: Ortega Anna C. , Dwinnell Samantha P. , Lasharr Tayler N. , Jakopak Rhiannon P. , Denryter Kristin , Huggler Katey S. , Hayes Matthew M. , Aikens Ellen O. , Verzuh Tana L. , May Alexander B. , Kauffman Matthew J. , Monteith Kevin L.
Published: July 2020

Information garnered from the capture and handling of free‐ranging animals helps advance understanding of wildlife ecology and can aid in decisions on wildlife management. Unfortunately, animals may experience increased levels of stress, injuries, and death resulting from captures (e.g., exertional myopathy, trauma). Partial sedation is a technique proposed to alleviate stress in animals during capture, yet efficacy of partial sedation for reducing stress and promoting survival post‐capture remains unclear. We evaluated the effects of partial sedation on physiological, biochemical, and behavioral indicators of acute stress and probability of survival post‐capture for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) that were captured via helicopter net‐gunning in the eastern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. We administered 10–30 mg of midazolam and 15 mg of azaperone intramuscularly (IM) to 32 mule deer in 2016 and 53 mule deer in 2017, and maintained a control group (captured but not sedated) of 38 mule deer in 2016 and 54 mule deer in 2017. To evaluate indicators of acute stress, we measured heart rate, blood‐oxygen saturation, body temperature, respiration rate, and levels of serum cortisol. We recorded number of kicks and vocalizations of deer during handling and evaluated behavior during release. We also measured levels of fecal glucocorticoids as an indicator of baseline stress. Midazolam and azaperone did not reduce physiological, biochemical, or behavioral indicators of acute stress or influence probability of survival post‐capture. Mule deer that were administered midazolam and azaperone, however, were more likely to hesitate, stumble or fall, and walk during release compared with individuals in the control group, which were more likely to trot, stot, or run without stumbling or falling. Our findings suggest that midazolam (10–30 mg IM) and azaperone (15 mg IM) may not yield physiological or demographic benefits for captured mule deer as previously assumed and may pose adverse effects that can complicate safety for captured animals, including drug‐induced lethargy. Although we failed to find efficacy of midazolam and azaperone as a method for reducing stress in captured mule deer, the efficacy of midazolam and azaperone or other combinations of partial sedatives in reducing stress may depend on the dose of tranquilizer, study animal, capture setting, and how stress is defined. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Work experience influence on the knowledge sharing barriers perceived significance by higher educational institutions administrative employees
Authors: Blagov Evgeny , Pleshkova Anastasiia , Begler Alena
Published: July 2020

The article describes the influence of the work experience of the administrative employees of the higher educational institutions on the perceived significance of knowledge sharing barriers faced by them in their work activities. The methodology suggests testing the relationship between the work experience and the 12 knowledge sharing barriers perceived significance (estimated from the positions of the respondent as a knowledge requester and a knowledge holder, thus giving 24 equations) by linear regression modeling. The equations with statistically significant work experience coefficient contain the perceived significance of the knowledge sharing barrier of requested knowledge sensitivity for its holder, both for the respondents' knowledge requester and holder position. On the basis of the educed results, recommendations are given to managers of the higher educational institutions administrative subdivisions regarding mitigating the influence of the barrier of the requested knowledge importance for its holder, especially considering its influence on the employees with smaller work experience. Several recommendations to business practitioners outside of the higher educational institutions are also given, regarding collaboration with such institutions' administrative subdivisions. This article develops the inquiry into the knowledge sharing barriers problem in the higher educational institutions administrative subdivisions, that have not been a specific object of research in knowledge sharing barriers before the research project including the research presented in the current article. A number of further research directions is also suggested.
Surgical, Oncological, and Functional Outcomes of Transoral Robotic Supraglottic Laryngectomy
Authors: Hans Stéphane , Chekkoury‐Idrissi Younès , Circiu Marta P. , Distinguin Léa , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Lechien Jérôme R.
Published: July 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate the surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for the treatment of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

The charts of patients treated by TORS supraglottic laryngectomy (SGL) in an academic medical center were reviewed. The following outcomes were studied according to the tumor location: average robotic setup and operative times, mean estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, need of tracheotomy, refeeding characteristics, mean hospital stay, need of neck dissection and adjuvant therapy, 5‐year local and regional controls, overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

Seventy‐five patients underwent TORS SGL. Tumors were classified as cT1 (32%), cT2 (52%), and cT3 (16%). Average robotic setup and operative times and the mean estimated blood loss were 15 minutes, 55 minutes, and 20 mL, respectively. The mean follow‐up period ranged from 2 to 5 years. The 5‐year OS and DFS were 80.2% and 94.3%, respectively. Overall, 34.6% of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. The majority of patients (92%) restarted an oral diet within 24 to 48 hours postsurgery. Transient tracheotomy was performed in 8% of patients. Postoperative hemorrhages occurred in 12 patients (16.0%), lengthening the hospital stay (mean = 6.8 days). There were no outcome differences regarding the tumor location.

Conclusions

TORS is an effective and safe therapeutic approach for early‐ and intermediate‐stages cancers. Oncological outcomes may be quite similar to other surgical approaches, including transoral laser and open surgeries. Future randomized controlled studies are needed for comparing TORS SGL with other surgical procedures.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:1060–1065, 2021
Financial Transactions from Manufacturers to Otolaryngologists in 2018
Authors: Ramsey Tam , Curran Kent , Ostrowski Tyler , Ruffner Randall , Leapman Neil Gildener
Published: July 2020

Objective

To characterize in depth non‐research and research payments from industry to otolaryngologists in 2018 with an emphasis on product types.

Methods

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments program was used for data collection: payment amount, the nature of payments, products associated with the payments, date of the payments, and companies making the payments were studied. Products associated with the payments were classified by categorical type. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.

Results

There were 70,172 payments for a total of $11,001,875 made to otolaryngologists in 2018 with a median payment of $19. Food and beverage had the highest number of payments made (89.96%). Consulting fees (33.46%) composed the highest total payment amount. The two companies that contributed the highest amount were Stryker Corporation and Intersect ENT Inc. Sinus conditions had the most products within the top 25 products associated with payments. The top five products with the highest payments received were for balloon sinus dilation, nasal spray, sinus implant, Botox, and cochlear implant. There was a bimodal payment distribution demonstrating a higher number of payments made in the spring and fall.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to review payments to otolaryngologists in 2018 and classify these payments into product types. The products and companies that contributed the highest payments were associated with sinus conditions. The products that dominated in each subspecialty of otolaryngology coincide with clinical practice trends and emerging technologies.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E388–E394, 2021
Exfoliation and intergranular corrosion resistance of the 2198 Al–Cu–Li alloy with different thermomechanical treatments
Authors: de Sousa Araujo João V. , Milagre Mariana X. , Ferreira Raphael O. , de Souza Carvalho Machado Caruline , de Fátima Santos Bugarin Aline , Machado Izabel F. , Costa Isolda
Published: July 2020

In this study, the resistance to exfoliation and intergranular corrosion (IGC) of the 2198 Al–Cu–Li alloy submitted to different thermomechanical treatments (T3, T8, and T851) was investigated. The tests were carried out following the standard practices, ASTM G34‐18 and ASTM G110‐15, respectively. All the tested alloys showed susceptibility to exfoliation and some alloys showed susceptibility to IGC, but the artificially aged alloys presented a higher tendency to exfoliation. The extensive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was observed on the surfaces of artificially aged alloys when immersed in the EXCO solution. The HER resulted in an increase in solution pH with the time of immersion. Also, the weight losses related to the artificially aged alloys were higher than that of the naturally aged ones. The T8 treatment was the only condition that resulted in susceptibility to both, intergranular and transgranular corrosion, whereas the T851 treatment did not show IGC susceptibility, only transgranular corrosion. Finally, the 2198‐T3 condition showed the highest corrosion resistance among the thermomechanical treatments tested. The results of the 2198 alloy subjected to various treatments were compared with that of the 2024‐T3 alloy. This last alloy showed higher resistance to exfoliation and IGC as compared with the 2198 alloy.
Focus quantities with applications to some finite‐dimensional systems
Authors: Sang Bo
Published: July 2020

In studying small limit cycles of finite‐dimensional systems, one of the central problem is the computation of focus quantities. In practice, the computation is a challenging problem even for some simple low‐dimensional systems. This paper is devoted to the computation of focus quantities of all orders and to the study of Hopf bifurcations in some chaotic systems. A recursive formula for computing focus quantities is presented for a K + 2‐dimensional system. The formula is a generalization of previous results on low‐dimensional systems with K = 0 and K = 1. For a four‐dimensional hyper‐chaotic system, according to the sign of the first focus quantity, we prove that the simple Hopf bifurcation of the system is supercritical. For a five‐dimensional chaotic system with four equilibria of Hopf type, according to the signs of the first focus quantities, we prove that the simple Hopf bifurcations of the system are subcritical.
Jitter patterns in conventional concentric needle electromyography recordings of regenerating motor units
Authors: Posa Andreas , Temneanu Andrej , Emmer Alexander , Langer Thomas , Kornhuber Malte
Published: July 2020

Background

The time interval between two potential components of the same motor unit potential (MUP) is measured for jitter analysis. Enhanced jitter is generally thought to result from impaired neuromuscular transmission as occurs in myasthenia gravis or during reinnervation.

Methods

Within a database of conventional video‐electromyography (EMG) recordings 4 MUP with peculiar jitter patterns were identified. In 1 spontaneously discharging MUP, massive and chaotic jitter was seen with a mean consecutive difference (MCD) of 9.3 ms. In 2 spontaneously discharging MUP a certain potential subgroup jittered relative to the other part(s) of the MUP (MCD 2.0 and 3.3 ms). A jittering satellite was detected in a fourth voluntarily recruited MUP (MCD 0.6 ms).

Results

These different jitter patterns recorded with conventional EMG technique may mainly result from dysmyelination.

Conclusions

A new look at the contribution of dysmyelination to abnormal jitter is also warranted in single fiber EMG recordings.
Patient demographic and psychosocial characteristics associated with 30‐day recall of self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Flynn Kathryn E. , Mansfield Sarah A. , Smith Abigail R. , Gillespie Brenda W. , Bradley Catherine S. , Cella David , Helmuth Margaret E. , Lai H. Henry , Kirkali Ziya , Talaty Pooja , Griffith James W. , Weinfurt Kevin P. ,   the LURN Study Group
Published: July 2020

Aims

Measurement of self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) typically uses a recall period, for example, “In the past 30 days….” Compared to averaged daily reports, 30‐day recall is generally unbiased, but recall bias varies by item. We examined the associations between personal characteristics (eg, age, symptom bother) and 30‐day recall of LUTS using items from the Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Comprehensive Assessment of Self‐reported Urinary Symptoms questionnaire.

Methods

Participants (127 women and 127 men) were recruited from 6 US tertiary care sites. They completed daily assessments for 30 days and a 30‐day recall assessment at the end of the study month. For each of the 18 tested items, representing 10 LUTS, the average of the participant's daily responses was modeled as a function of their 30‐day recall, the personal characteristic, and the interaction between the 30‐day recall and the characteristic in separate general linear regression models, adjusted for sex.

Results

Nine items representing 7 LUTS exhibited under‐ or overreporting (recall bias) for at least 25% of participants. Bias was associated with personal characteristics for six LUTS. Underreporting of incontinence was associated with older age, lower anxiety, and negative affect; overreporting of other LUTS was associated with, symptom bother, symptom variability, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions

We identified under‐ or overreporting that was associated with personal characteristics for six common LUTS. Some cues (eg, less bother and lower anxiety) were related to recall bias in an unexpected direction. Thus, providers should exercise caution when making judgments about the accuracy of a patient's symptom recall based on patient demographic and psychosocial characteristics.
Activity coefficients of binary methanol alcohol mixtures from cluster weighting
Authors: Marchelli Gwydyon , Ingenmey J. , Kirchner B.
Published: July 2020

The hydrogen bond network of different small alcohols is investigated via cluster analysis. Methanol/alcohol mixtures are studied with increasing chain length and branching of the molecule. Those changes can play an important role in different fields, including solvent and metal extraction. The extended tight binding method GFN2‐xTB allows the evaluation and geometry optimization of thousands of clusters built via a genetic algorithm. Interaction energies and geometries are evaluated and discussed for the neat systems. Thermodynamic properties, such as vaporization enthalpies and activity coefficients, are calculated with the binary quantum cluster equilibrium (bQCE) approach using our in‐house code Peacemaker 2.8. Combined distribution functions of the distances against the angles of the hydrogen bonds are evaluated for neat and mixed clusters and weighted by the equilibrium populations achieved from bQCE calculations.
Theoretical reinvestigation of the ozonolysis mechanism of allyl alcohol
Authors: Lei Xiaoyang , Wang Weina , Wang Wenliang
Published: July 2020

Allyl alcohol (AA) is the simplest unsaturated alcohol. Ozonolysis is one of the key removal processes for AA in the atmosphere. However, a recent theoretical study suggests that the ozonolysis of AA cannot feasibly occur in atmospheric conditions because of the high barrier (~96 kcal/mol) involved in the primary ozonide (POZ) decomposition. In this work, the ozonolysis mechanism of AA was reinvestigated theoretically. The computed barrier for POZ decomposition is only ~20 kcal/mol. Therefore, the AA ozonolysis can take place in the atmosphere, consistent with the experimental conclusions. Moreover, two new Criegee intermediates (syn‐ andanti‐AA‐CI) were found to be produced in this reaction. The wave function analyses indicate that there exists an intermolecular hydrogen bond insyn‐AA‐CI, which significantly affects its unimolecular decomposition and reactions with H2O. Compared with the normal reactions ofanti‐CI‐AA, the stabilizedsyn‐AA‐CI has two distinct isomerization channels: (i) addition of OH group to the reactive sites of CI forming an ethylene oxide (HOOCH2OCH2) and (ii) double H‐transfer producing HOOCH2CHO. Meanwhile, the addition of H2O insyn‐AA‐CI also exhibits two different pathways. One is the unique addition‐coupled double H‐transfer, and the other is the addition‐coupled single H‐transfer, both leading to the formation of CH2(OH)CH(OH)OOH.
A frequency‐constrained geometric Pontryagin maximum principle on matrix Lie groups
Authors: Paruchuri Pradyumna , Kotpalliwar Shruti , Phogat Karmvir Singh , Chatterjee Debasish , Banavar Ravi
Published: July 2020

We present a geometric discrete‐time Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) on matrix Lie groups that incorporates frequency constraints on the control trajectories in addition to pointwise constraints on the states and control actions directly at the stage of the problem formulation. This PMP gives first‐order necessary conditions for optimality and leads to two‐point boundary value problems that may be solved by numerical techniques to arrive at optimal trajectories. We demonstrate our theoretical results with numerical simulations on the optimal trajectory generation of a wheeled inverted pendulum and an attitude control problem of a spacecraft on the Lie group SO(3).
Monte Carlo simulation study of reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy of an Fe/Si overlayer sample
Authors: Da Bo , Yang Lihao , Liu Jiangwei , Li Yonggang , Mao Shifeng , Ding Zejun
Published: July 2020

Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) has been used to study the optical and electronic properties of semi‐infinite solid samples, aided by a theoretical model of the interaction between electrons and a solid. However, REELS has not been used to its full capacity in studying nanomaterial samples because of the difficulty in modeling the electron interaction with a layered nanostructure. In this study, we present a numerical calculation result on the spatially varying inelastic mean free path for a sample comprising an Fe layer of varying thickness on an Si substrate. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo model for electron interaction with this Fe‐Si layered structure sample is built based on this inelastic scattering cross section and used to reproduce the REELS spectra of Fe‐Si layered structures. The simulated spectra of the sample with varying Fe layer thickness on top of a Si substrate were compared with the experimental spectra. This comparison clearly identifies that the Fe layer remaining on top of the experimental Si substrate after Ar+ beam sputtering is in the form of a homogeneous mixed layer, where the Fe/Si interface excitation is absent in the experimental spectra owing to pulverization of the Fe/Si interface during the Ar+ sputtering process.
Photothermal‐Responsive Microporous Nanosheets Confined Ionic Liquid for Efficient CO2 Separation
Authors: Deng Zheng , Wan Ting , Chen Danke , Ying Wen , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Yan Youguo , Peng Xinsheng
Published: July 2020

2D materials hold promising potential for novel gas separation. However, a lack of in‐plane pores and the randomly stacked interplane channels of these membranes still hinder their separation performance. In this work, ferrocene based‐MOFs (Zr‐Fc MOF) nanosheets, which contain abundant of in‐plane micropores, are synthesized as porous supports to fabricate Zr‐Fc MOF supported ionic liquid membrane (Zr‐Fc‐SILM) for highly efficient CO2 separation. The micropores of Zr‐Fc MOF nanosheets not only provide extra paths for CO2 transportation, and thus increase its permeance up to 145.15 GPU, but also endow the Zr‐Fc‐SILM with high selectivity (216.9) of CO2/N2 through the nanoconfinement effect, which is almost ten times higher than common porous polymer SILM. Furthermore, based on the photothermal‐responsive properties of Zr‐Fc MOF, the performance is further enhanced (35%) by light irradiation through a photothermal heating process. This provides a brand new way to design light facilitating gas separation membranes.
Ostracods from the end‐Permian mass extinction in the Aras Valley section (north‐west Iran)
Authors: Gliwa Jana , Forel Marie‐Béatrice , Crasquin Sylvie , Ghaderi Abbas , Korn Dieter
Published: July 2020

The Aras Valley section (north‐west Iran) exposes a sedimentary succession that allows the study of ostracod diversity patterns during/across the end‐Permian mass extinction. For the present study, 59 samples were investigated for their ostracod abundances, which ranged from 4 to 31 500 specimens per 500 g. In 45 sample horizons, the ostracods were identified to the species level. In total, 3 425 specimens were determined and 62 species were identified, of which one genus and ten species are described for the first time:Fabalicypris veronicaeGliwa, sp. nov.,Orthobairdia capuliformisGliwa, sp. nov.,Araxobairdia formosaGliwa, gen. et sp. nov.,Bairdiacypris kathleenaeGliwa, sp. nov.,Eumiraculum metteiGliwa, sp. nov.,Liuzhinia julfensisGliwa, sp. nov.,Carinaknightina hofmanniGliwa, sp. nov.,Cavellina fosteriGliwa, sp. nov.,Cavellina hairapetianiGliwa, sp. nov. andHungaroleberis striatusForel, sp. nov. The assemblages show, at the end‐Permian mass extinction event, a complete turnover from a low‐diversityFabalicypris‐dominated pre‐extinction community to a more diverseBairdiacypris‐dominated post‐extinction community. The turnover coincides with the significant temperature increase that was previously recorded from north‐west Iranian sections. The low diversity in the horizon immediately below the extinction horizon indicates that environmental changes, such as thermal stress, may have had an impact on the ostracod assemblages prior to the extinction event. In comparison with other diverse ostracod assemblages from the Palaeotethyan realm, the ostracods of the Aras Valley section are not associated with microbialites.
High‐strength steel and dissipative fuse solutions for seismic‐resistant building structures
Authors: Dubina Dan , Dinu Florea , Stratan Aurel
Published: July 2020

Extended keynote paper of Eurosteel 2021

The robustness of steel structures during severe earthquakes is largely based on the calibration of stiffness, strength and ductility. Such a robust system dissipates the energy by plastic deformations in the plastic members (fuses) made from mild carbon steel (MCS), while the other members remain elastic. In the case of concentrically braced frames (CBF), the fuses can be in the form of buckling‐restrained braces (BRB), while for eccentrically braced frames (EBF), the short links could take on this role. In the case of shear walls (SW), slender steel plates can be used. To avoid oversized elastic members, they can be made of high‐strength steel (HSS). Structures made from HSS and MCS are called dual steel (DS) structures. In order to ease the post‐earthquake intervention, the fuses can be detachable. Furthermore, their replacement is less costly if the structure is re‐centred using moment‐resisting frames (MRF) connected to the main dissipative system, i.e. a dual frame (DF) structure. This paper presents the concept of DS DF structures and some examples.
Short‐Term Load Forecasting Based on Gaussian Process Regression with Density Peak Clustering and Information Sharing Antlion Optimizer
Authors: Zhu Yaling , Zhang Bo , Dou Zhenhai , Zou Hao , Li Shengtao , Sun Kai , Liao Qingling
Published: July 2020

Short‐term load forecasting is essential for reliable and economical operation of the power system. Gaussian process regression (GPR), as a novel machine learning prediction algorithm, has become one of the commonly used algorithms in the field of short‐term load prediction because it can fully consider the nonlinear and uncertain characteristics of short‐term load sequence. However, due to the unreasonable selection of training set and the inaccurate acquisition of hyper parameters, the prediction accuracy of GPR decreases. In order to improve the accuracy of power system load forecasting, a GPR prediction model based on density peak clustering (DPC) and information sharing antlion optimizer (ISALO) is proposed. Firstly, the DPC is used to find similar days from the historical load data to construct a more reasonable training set. Then, the ISALO, an improved ALO by introducing information sharing mechanism, is used to optimize the hyper parameters of the GPR. Experiments show that the DPC‐ISALO‐GPR model has a 3.33 and 1.22% reduction in mean absolute percentage error compared to Back Propagation Neural Network (BP) and support vector machines, which is suitable for engineering practical applications. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Development of a highly mobile and versatile large MA‐XRF scanner for in situ analyses of painted work of arts
Authors: Pouyet Emeline , Barbi Nicholas , Chopp Henry , Healy Owen , Katsaggelos Aggelos , Moak Sophia , Mott Rick , Vermeulen Marc , Walton Marc
Published: July 2020

A new portable macro X‐ray fluorescence scanner has been specifically designed for in situ, real‐time elemental mapping of large painted surfaces. This system allows scanning 80 × 80 × 20 cm3 along the X, Z, and Y directions, respectively, with adaptive beam size at the energy of the Rh Ka‐line. The detection system consists of a 50 mm2 active area detector coupled to a CUBE pre‐amplifier and to the DANTE digital pulse processor (DPP) with adaptive shaping time. The system is controlled with a custom software including a graphical user interface (GUI) programmed in Python for real‐time control of the stage, DPP, and camera of the scanner. This system allows considering new ways of sampling the object surface than the usual raster scanning in serpentine as well as a live elaboration of X‐ray data; technical details and performances of the scanner are presented in this paper together with an example of its application to investigate painted surface, illustrating the value of the developed instrument.
General neutrino interactions with sterile neutrinos in light of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and meson invisible decays
Authors: Li Tong , Ma Xiao-Dong , Schmidt Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

In this work we study the current bounds from the CEνNS process and meson invisible decays on generic neutrino interactions with sterile neutrinos in effective field theories. The interactions between quarks and left-handed SM neutrinos and/or right-handed neutrinos are first described by the low-energy effective field theory (LNEFT) between the electroweak scale and the chiral symmetry breaking scale. We complete the independent operator basis for the LNEFT up to dimension-6 by including both the lepton-number-conserving (LNC) and lepton-number-violating (LNV) operators involving right-handed neutrinos. We translate the bounds on the LNEFT Wilson coefficients from the COHERENT observation and calculate the branching fractions of light meson invisible decays. The bounds on LNEFT are then mapped onto the SM effective field theory with sterile neutrinos (SMNEFT) to constrain new physics above the electroweak scale. We find that the meson invisible decays can provide the only sensitive probe for τ neutrino flavor component and s quark component in the quark-neutrino interactions involving two (one) active neutrinos and for the effective operators without any active neutrino fields. The CEνNS process places the most stringent bound on all other Wilson coefficients. By assuming one dominant Wilson coefficient at a time in SMNEFT and negligible sterile neutrino mass, the most stringent limits on the new physics scale are 2.7–10 TeV from corresponding dipole operator in LNEFT and 0.5–1.5 TeV from neutrino-quark operator in LNEFT.
Renormalization of parton quasi-distributions beyond the leading order: spacelike vs. timelike
Authors: Braun V. M. , Chetyrkin K. G. , Kniehl B. A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We argue that the renormalization factors for non-local quark-antiquark and gluon operators at space-like and time-like separations connected by a Wilson line coincide to all orders in perturbation theory. We calculate the anomalous dimensions and renormalization constants of quark-antiquark and gluon operators to three- and two-loop accuracy, respectively, and also compute vacuum expectation values of these operators to three-loop accuracy.
Crossing symmetry, transcendentality and the Regge behaviour of 1d CFTs
Authors: Ferrero Pietro , Ghosh Kausik , Sinha Aninda , Zahed Ahmadullah
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We develop the technology for Polyakov-Mellin (PM) bootstrap in one- dimensional conformal field theories (CFT1). By adding appropriate contact terms, we bootstrap various effective field theories in AdS2 and analytically compute the CFT data to one loop. The computation can be extended to higher orders in perturbation theory, if we ignore mixing, for any external dimension. We develop PM bootstrap for O(N ) theories and derive the necessary contact terms for such theories (which also involves a new higher gradient contact term absent for N = 1). We perform cross-checks which include considering the diagonal limit of the 2d Ising model in terms of the 1d PM blocks. As an independent check of the validity of the results obtained with PM bootstrap, we propose a suitable basis of transcendental functions, which allows to fix the four-point correlators of identical scalar primaries completely, up to a finite number of ambiguities related to the number of contact terms in the PM basis. We perform this analysis both at tree level (with and without exchanges) and at one loop. We also derive expressions for the corresponding CFT data in terms of harmonic sums. Finally, we consider the Regge limit of one-dimensional correlators and derive a precise connection between the latter and the large-twist limit of CFT data. Exploiting this result, we study the crossing equation in the three OPE limits and derive some universal constraints for the large-twist limit of CFT data in Regge-bounded theories with a finite number of exchanges.
Near-to-planar three-jet events at NNLL accuracy
Authors: Arpino Luke , Banfi Andrea , El-Menoufi Basem Kamal
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We extend the ARES method for next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) QCD resummations to three-jet event shapes in e+e− collisions in the near-to-planar limit. In particular, we define a NNLL radiator for three hard emitters, and discuss new features of NNLL corrections arising specifically in this case. As an example, we present predictions for the D-parameter, matched to exact next-to-leading order (NLO). After inclusion of hadronisation corrections in the dispersive approach, we compare our predictions with LEP1 data.
Using genetics to decipher the link between type 2 diabetes and cancer: shared aetiology or downstream consequence?
Authors: Vincent Emma E. , Yaghootkar Hanieh
Published: July 2020

Recent developments in the field of genetics have accelerated our understanding of the aetiology of complex diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are no exception, with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitating exploration of the underlying pathology. Here, we discuss how genetics studies can be used to investigate the relationship between these complex diseases. Observational epidemiological studies consistently report that people with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of several types of cancer. Indeed, type 2 diabetes and cancer share many common risk factors, such as obesity, ageing, poor diet and low levels of physical activity. However, questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms that link these two diseases. Large-scale GWAS of type 2 diabetes and cancer allow us to consider the evidence for shared genetic architecture. Several shared susceptibility genes have been identified, yet tissue specificity and direction of effect must be taken into account when considering common genetic aetiology. We also consider how GWAS, and associated techniques such as Mendelian randomisation, allow us to dissect the link between the two diseases and address questions such as ‘Does type 2 diabetes cause cancer or is the increased risk observed driven by higher adiposity or another associated metabolic feature?’
Regression-based compensation of part inaccuracies in incremental sheet forming at elevated temperatures
Authors: Möllensiep Dennis , Kulessa Philipp , Thyssen Lars , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: July 2020

Incremental sheet forming is a sheet forming process for small lot sizes due to its dieless principle. One of its process variants includes local heating of the sheet to counteract some of the process restrictions (formable materials, forming forces, achievable deformations). Although forming at elevated temperatures provides various advantages, the geometric accuracy of the formed part remains low due to shrinking effects caused by local heating and cooling. This publication presents a data-driven approach where process data is gathered and used in regression learning to predict the geometric accuracy resulting from the shrinking effects. To successfully apply regression learning, a big amount of process data is needed covering a wide range of possible process states. Therefore, a specific experimental series, consisting of 54 individual forming experiments, is designed and carried out. Based on the 3D digitization of the formed parts, a process database is built up comprising 408,296 records, each representing a toolpath point. This process database is used to train 19 different regression models. The performance of their ability to predict the geometric deviations is investigated. A compensation approach is presented that improves the geometric accuracy through a prediction-based modification of the toolpath. Validation experiments demonstrate the improvement of the geometric accuracy of the formed part and the generalizability of the approach.
3D printing and testing of composite isogrid structures
Authors: Forcellese Archimede , Simoncini Michela , Vita Alessio , Di Pompeo Valerio
Published: July 2020

The present work aims at studying the effect of geometric parameters of isogrid structures on their buckling behavior. To this purpose, isogrid structures in polyamide reinforced with short carbon fibers, with different rib widths, rib thicknesses, and cell heights, were additively manufactured using the fused deposition modeling technology; then, they were subjected to compression test until the occurrence of buckling. It was observed that isogrid structures can undergo to different failure modes, local and global buckling, depending on the values of geometrical parameters. Furthermore, the geometrical parameters that lead to the highest strength are different to those providing the highest specific strength. However, the specific strength of the 3D printed composite material is higher than those of 1XXX and 3XXX aluminum alloys. Rib thickness was characterized by the highest effect on both strength and specific strength while the cell height results in the lowest contribution. Finally, optical and scanning electron microscopies were carried out in order to analyze the fractured ribs and to obtain high magnification three-dimensional topography of fractured surfaces after buckling. The effect of moisture content on polyamide reinforced composites and the comparison between 3D printed and traditionally produced isogrid structures will be investigated in future researches.
Down syndrome, accelerated aging and immunosenescence
Authors: Gensous Noémie , Bacalini Maria Giulia , Franceschi Claudio , Garagnani Paolo
Published: July 2020

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, associated with moderate to severe intellectual disability. While life expectancy of Down syndrome population has greatly increased over the last decades, mortality rates are still high and subjects are facing prematurely a phenomenon of atypical and accelerated aging. The presence of an immune impairment in Down syndrome subjects is suggested for a long time by the existence of an increased incidence of infections, the incomplete efficacy of vaccinations, and a high prevalence of autoimmunity. Immunologic abnormalities have been described since many years in this population, both from a numerical and a functional points of view, and these abnormalities can mirror the ones observed during normal aging. In this review, we summarize our knowledge on immunologic disturbances commonly observed in subjects with Down syndrome, and in innate and adaptive immunity, as well as regarding chronic inflammation. We then discuss the role of accelerated aging in these observed abnormalities and finally review the potential age-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms involved.
Atypische Neuritis nervi optici (NNO): Bedeutung einer umfassenden Abklärung
Authors: Yaïci R. , Carzoli A. , Bétis F. , Geerling G. , Guthoff R. , Guthoff T.
Published: July 2020

Eine 65-jährige Frau wurde wegen plötzlicher beidseitiger Sehminderung überwiesen, nachdem sie kurz zuvor geimpft wurde. Augenärztlich zeigte sich beidseits eine ausgeprägte Papillenschwellung. In der Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) fand sich keine zerebrale Beteiligung oder transverse Myelitis. Serologisch konnten wir Myelin-Oligodendrozyten-Glykoprotein(MOG)-IgG nachweisen, sodass wir mit Hochdosiskortikosteroidpulstherapie behandelten. Diskussion: Bei atypischer Optikusneuritis muss an eine Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankung (NMOSD) gedacht werden, die durch die Bestimmung von Aquaporin 4(AQP4)- und MOG-IgG weiter charakterisiert werden sollte.
Rezidiv einer septischen Arthritis des Handgelenks durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa bei Besiedelung eines zentralvenösen Verweilkatheters
Authors: Thibeault C. , Schneider U. , Eisenschenk A. , Lautenbach M.
Published: July 2020

Ein Diabetiker, Träger eines Ports und mit Zustand nach Gonarthritis durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa, erlitt eine subakute Arthritis eines Handgelenks. Protrahiert gelang der kulturelle Nachweis von P. aeruginosa aus dem explantierten Port und dem betroffenen Gelenk. Der Fall zeigt, dass bei Patienten mit unklarer Handgelenkarthritis, Vorgeschichte einer septischen Arthritis mit P. aeruginosa und Risikofaktoren für eine hämatogene Streuung ein Rezidiv ausgeschlossen werden sollte. Die Therapie bestand aus Portexplantation, Débridement mit Synovialektomie des Gelenks und antibiotischer Therapie.