bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gram-negative bloodstream infections in six German university hospitals, 2016–2020: clinical and microbiological features
Authors: Mischnik Alexander , Baltus Hannah , Walker Sarah V. , Behnke Michael , Gladstone Beryl Primrose , Chakraborty Trinad , Falgenhauer Linda , Gastmeier Petra , Gölz Hanna , Göpel Siri , Häcker Georg A. , Higgins Paul G. , Imirzalioglu Can , Käding Nadja , Kramme Evelyn , Peter Silke , Rieg Siegbert , Rohde Anna M. , Seifert Harald , Tacconelli Evelina , Tobys David , Trauth Janina , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Xanthopoulou Kyriaki , Rupp Jan , Kern Winfried V. ,   the DZIF R-NET Study Group, Biehl Lena , Braun Jochen , Buhl Michael , Eisenbeis Simone , Grundmann Hajo , Hennelly Catriona , Hölzl Florian , Jazmati Nathalie , Kunstle L. , Friedrich Dirk , Lengler Azita , Lenke Dana , Diaz Luis Alberto Peña , Pilarski Georg , Proske Susanna , Schmiedel Judith , Thoma Norbert , Walinski B. , Zweigner Janine
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To analyze the longitudinal epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI) in Germany.

Methods

Post-hoc analysis of prospectively documented BSI due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from six university hospitals between 2016 and 2020. In a subanalysis 1228 episodes of BSI (E. coli N = 914, Klebsiella spp. N = 314) were analyzed for clinical endpoints and risk factors.

Results

E. coli was the most prevalent cause of BSI, with 5412 cases, followed by Klebsiella spp. (2148 cases), P. aeruginosa (789 cases), Enterobacter spp. (696 cases), and A. baumannii (31 cases). BSI incidence rates were particularly high in haematology/oncology, with E. coli BSI reaching 13.9 per 1000 admissions. Most (58%) of the BSI episodes were community-acquired. A notable finding was the moderate increase of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacterales (3GCREB) for E. coli from 13.9% in 2016 to 14.4% in 2020 and a decrease for Klebsiella spp. from 16.5% in 2016 to 11.1% in 2020 corresponding to extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) phenotype. In our analysis, the 3GCREB phenotype was not associated with a higher risk of death or discharge with sequelae for E. coli and Klebsiella spp.

Conclusion

Our study provides longitudinal data on Gram-negative BSI in Germany on a clinical basis for the first time. These data underscores the critical need for ongoing surveillance and more pathogen-related clinical data.
Local existence of the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in the whole space
Authors: Kukavica Igor , Wang Fei , Xu Fanhui
Published: November 2024

We address the local well-posedness for the stochastic Navier–Stokes system with multiplicative cylindrical noise in the whole space. More specifically, we prove that there exists a unique local strong solution to the system in

$$L^p(\mathbb {R}^3)$$

L
p

(

R

3

)

for 

$$p>3$$

p
>
3

.
Relationship Between Physical Literacy and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Tianle , Zhao Guanggao , Fu Jinmei , Sun Shunli , Chen Ruiming , Chen Delong , Hu Xuewen , Li Yunong , Shen Fanchao , Hong Jin , Hu Haihua
Published: November 2024

Background

Physical literacy (PL) can positively affect the health of children, adolescents, and adults, and is closely related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between overall physical literacy (PL) and CRF in children and adolescents.

Methods

Cross-sectional, cohort and experimental studies on the relationship between PL and CRF in children and adolescents were collected by searching the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Based on the characteristics of the included literature, PL was divided into physical competence (PC), daily behavior (DB), knowledge and understanding (K&U), and motivation and confidence (M&C). R 4.3.6 was used to analyze the combined effect size of PL and the relationships of the four dimensions with CRF among children and adolescents.

Results

A total of 21 articles were included, 42.9% of which were published after 2020, involving a total of 43,352 children and adolescents from 23 countries or regions. The characteristics of the included studies showed that, except for the K&U of children and adolescents aged 13–18 years, the K&U of other age groups and the PL, PC, DB, M&C of all age groups were significantly positively correlated with CRF. Furthermore, the results of male and female samples in all included studies were the same. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that PL (COR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.58, 0.70), PC (COR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.69, 0.79), DB (COR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.40, 0.57), K&U (COR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.23, 0.56), and M&C (COR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.41, 0.49) were significantly positively correlated with CRF. Regarding DB, total physical activity (TPA) was positively correlated with CRF (COR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.57). Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA) and high physical activity (HPA) were positively correlated with CRF (COR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.09, 0.22; COR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.22, 0.43; COR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.13, 0.58), but light physical activity (LPA) was negatively correlated with CRF (COR = − 0.20, 95% CI − 0.32, 0.06).

Conclusion

PL and CRF are positively correlated among children and adolescents, suggesting that the development of physical literacy has a wide range of effects on children and adolescents’ cardiopulmonary health and that these effects are not limited by PL and its various dimensions or sex. In addition, to exert the positive effect of daily activities on cardiopulmonary health, the intensity of physical activity should reach a moderate level or above.
»Where Woke Goes To Die«: Transnationale Literaturpolitiken der Neuen Rechten
Authors: von Moltke Johannes , Komfort-Hein Susanne
Published: November 2024

Der Artikel untersucht transnationale Muster und vergleicht nationale Eigenheiten neurechter Lektüren und Literaturpolitiken in Deutschland und den USA. Im Vordergrund stehen Fragen nach Kanonisierung, Politisierung und Selbstviktimisierung. Am Format des Buchklubs auf beiden Seiten des Atlantiks zeichnet er Inszenierungsformen des Lesens als ›metapolitische‹ Kulturtechnik nach.
Reaction dynamics of proton-rich nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier: the cases of $$^7$$Be, $$^8$$B, and $$^{17}$$F
Authors: Luo Tian-Peng , Yang Lei , Lin Cheng-Jian , Ma Nan-Ru , Wen Pei-Wei , Jia Hui-Ming , Yang Feng
Published: November 2024

The exploration of reaction dynamics, particularly the breakup and fusion mechanisms of proton drip-line nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier, is crucial in the field of nuclear physics. This study reviews experimental investigations on the reactions induced by proton-rich nuclei, $$^7$$

7

Be, $$^8$$

8

B, and $$^{17}$$

17

F, including elastic scattering and direct and fusion reactions at the near-barrier energies. In particular, we briefly introduce complete kinematic measurements of $$^8$$

8

B+$$^{120}$$

120

Sn and $$^{17}$$

17

F+$$^{58}$$

58

Ni at the energies of interest. Distinct reaction dynamics are observed for proton-rich nuclei compared with neutron-rich nuclei.
Characterization and Optimization of a Locally Boron-Doped Diamond Tool for Self-sensing of Cutting Temperature
Authors: Liu Shiquan , An Liang , Li Hui , Fu Xiang , Ju Bing-Feng , Chen Yuan-Liu
Published: November 2024

High-sensitivity and rapid-response measurements of micro zone cutting temperature are crucial for characterizing and optimizing machining states in the ultra-precision cutting process. This innovative method uses a locally boron-doped diamond (LBDD) tool itself as the sensor for in-process measurements of cutting temperature. However, the heterogeneity of boron doping and the resulting lattice distortions considerably affect the mechanical properties and temperature-sensing performances of the tool. In this work, optimized synthesis processes and structural designs for LBDD tools that function as self-sensing cutting temperature devices were proposed. Annealing treatments under high-pressure conditions were conducted to promote the diffusion and ionization of boron multimers in the boron-doped diamond zone, thereby enhancing the crystal quality and semiconductor electrical properties of the LBDD. Various LBDDs with thin-layer temperature-sensing structures of different doping concentrations and thicknesses were synthesized. The optimal components and structures were identified as the temperature-sensing cutting tool through comparative analyses of temperature measurement capabilities and semiconductor properties. The selected tool was employed for in-process cutting temperature measurement during single-point diamond turning of copper and carbon fiber. Results indicate that the LBDD tool can accurately monitor cutting temperature during steady cutting processes and identify the micromorphological features of the machined surfaces based on cutting temperature characteristics. These insights are pivotal for controlling cutting temperature and refining the ultra-precision cutting process.
A refreshing take on the inverted Dirichlet via a mode parameterization with some statistical illustrations
Authors: Otto A. F. , Ferreira J. T. , Bekker A. , Punzo A. , Tomarchio S. D.
Published: November 2024

The inverted Dirichlet (IDir) distribution is a popular choice for modeling multivariate data with positive support; however, its conventional parameterization can be challenging to interpret. In this paper, we propose a refreshing take on the IDir distribution through a convenient mode-based parameterization, resulting in the mode-reparameterized IDir (mIDir). This new parameterization aims to enhance the use of the IDir in various contexts. We provide relevant statistical illustrations in robust and nonparametric statistics, model-based clustering, and semiparametric density estimation, all benefiting from this novel perspective on the IDir for computation and implementation. First, we define finite mIDir mixtures for clustering and semiparametric density estimation. Secondly, we introduce a smoother based on mIDir kernels, which, by design, avoids allocating probability mass to unrealistic negative values, thereby addressing the boundary bias issue. Thirdly, we introduce a heavy-tailed generalization of the mIDir distribution, referred to as the contaminated mIDir (cmIDir), which effectively handles and detects mild outliers, making it suitable for robust statistics. Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for the parametric models are obtained using a developed EM algorithm as well as direct numerical optimization. A parameter recovery analysis demonstrates the successful application of the estimation method, while a sensitivity analysis examines the impact of mild outliers on both the mIDir and cmIDir models. The flexibility and advantages of the proposed mIDir-based models are showcased through several real data analyses and illustrations.
Addressing Grand Challenges in Sustainable Food Transitions: Opportunities Through the Triple Change Strategy
Authors: Polyportis Athanasios , De Keyzer Freya , van Prooijen Anne-Marie , Peiffer Leonie C. , Wang Yijing
Published: November 2024

Despite emerging consumer trends and policies promoting sustainable food consumption, the transition towards societal tipping points for sustainable food systems remains protracted due to multifaceted challenges such as consumer misconceptions, value chain inequalities, and policy fragmentation. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that considers all actors within the food system. The present paper follows the paradigm set by the Consumers’ Understanding of Eating Sustainably (CUES) Horizon Europe project and introduces CUES’ Triple Change strategy. This strategy highlights Consumer and Cultural Change, Industrial Change, and Policy Change as interconnected dimensions essential for driving behavioral change and ensuring a successful transition to sustainable food systems. By leveraging persuasive communication and interventions for transparency, fostering value chain reform, and advocating for policy transformations, the Triple Change aims to overcome existing barriers and create opportunities to accelerate the shift towards a resilient food system. This paper explores the grand challenges and opportunities within each of these dimensions and offers a holistic framework for academics, stakeholders, and policymakers to contribute to sustainable food transitions.
Advancing social value analysis: challenges and opportunities to understanding social outcomes in the United States and in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bozhilova Diana
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses the comparability and related scalability constraint of Maier et al. (VOLUNTAS 26: 1805–1830, 2015) of social impact measurement by deploying experimental mapping of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target indicators onto social return on investment (SROI) data proxies. Datasets on the unit cost database model hosted by the Greater Manchester Authority are derived for the UK and for the US. Discreet differences in data terminology between financial proxies in the UK and in the USA are translated with a contextual approach for data optimization. The resultant mapped datasets of financial proxies offer early evidence in support of the scalability of SROI. This is valuable for local measurement of progress towards the global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This research finds that there are comparatively wide differences in sufficient data both within and across the UK and the US datasets. Yet, mapped data counts show sufficient cross-geographic financial proxy overlaps, pointing to the viability of data collection with financial proxy sampling and mapping both for the better understanding of place-based social value creation and for comparative localised social value contribution. This paper concludes that initial mapping of data onto the SDG target indicators improves the comparability constraint of SROI.
Characterization of a primary cellular airway model for inhalative drug delivery in comparison with the established permanent cell lines CaLu3 and RPMI 2650
Authors: Martin Janik , Rittersberger Rebecca , Treitler Simon , Kopp Patrick , Ibraimi Anit , Koslowski Gabriel , Sickinger Max , Dabbars Annabelle , Schindowski Katharina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

For optimization of respiratory drug delivery, the selection of suitable in vitro cell models plays an important role in predicting the efficacy and safety of (bio)pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical formulations. Therefore, an in-depth comparison of different primary and permanent in vitro cellular airway models was performed with a focus on selecting a suitable model for inhalative antibodies.

Methods

Primary cells isolated from the porcine trachea were compared with the established human cell lines CaLu3 and RPMI 2650. The in vitro models were characterized for different epithelial markers by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which provides insight into the cellular composition of each model. For a few selected markers, the results from RT-qPCR were confirmed via immunofluorescence. Barrier integrity was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance measurements and FITC-dextran permeability.

Results

Primary cell models retain key features of the respiratory epithelium, e.g., the formation of a tight epithelial barrier, mucin production, and the presence of club/basal cells. Furthermore, the expression of Fc receptors in the primary cell models closely resembles that in respiratory mucosal tissue, an essential parameter to consider when developing therapeutic antibodies for inhalation.

Conclusion

The study underlines the importance of selecting wisely appropriate in vitro models. Despite the greater effort and variability in cultivating primary airway cells, they are far superior to permanent cells and a suitable model for drug development.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing adaptive trial designs in paediatric critical care: an international mixed-methods study
Authors: Gilholm Patricia , Wu Ken , Le Marsney Renate , Gibbons Kristen
Published: November 2024

Aims

This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to implementing adaptive trial designs in paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) trials.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used, combining an electronic survey and semi-structured interviews. The survey targeted clinicians and researchers involved in PICU trials, collecting information on their knowledge, and experience with adaptive trial designs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced international PICU trialists to explore themes related to adaptive trial design development and implementation.

Results

Eighty-six survey responses were collected from 21 countries, with 62 responses from 20 countries eligible for analysis. Of these, 45% (n = 28) of respondents had experience with adaptive trials, particularly in platform trials (n = 9, 32%) and adaptive randomisation (n = 8, 29%). Barriers to implementation included statistical complexities, infrastructure requirements, and a lack of expertise. Facilitators included increasing understanding of adaptive methodologies and access to statistical expertise. Ten interviews were conducted. Interview themes highlighted optimism about adaptive designs, a lack of formal training, the need for collaboration, the role of high-profile trials, and the potential risks involved.

Conclusions

Adaptive trial designs in PICU trials hold promise but are underutilised due to substantial barriers, particularly in statistical and infrastructural areas. Addressing these challenges, promoting formal training, enhancing collaboration, and raising awareness of adaptive trial methodologies are critical to increasing their adoption in paediatric critical care.
Technologies and applications in wireless biosensors for real-time health monitoring
Authors: Xu Zitong , Hao Yuetong , Luo Amy , Jiang Yuanwen
Published: November 2024

Wireless biosensing has emerged as a critical technology due to its ability to provide real-time, continuous monitoring of physiological parameters without the constraints of wired connections. This review starts from the fundamental mechanisms of physical and chemical sensing in wireless biosensors, to the integration of advanced wireless technologies for energy harvesting and data communication, including Radio Frequency, Bluetooth, and other forms. Additionally, it covers diverse applications in wearable and implantable biosensors, such as cardiac monitoring, prosthetic enhancements, electronic skin and contact lenses. Attention is given to the emerging fields of osseosurface electronics and gastrointestinal capsule sensors, which represent significant advancements in non-invasive and minimally invasive health monitoring. The synergistic integration of these technologies paves the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools, promising improved patient outcomes and convenient healthcare solutions. This comprehensive overview aims to provide insights into the current state and future prospects of wireless biosensing technologies, underscoring their potential to be realized in various kinds of biosensors.

Graphical Abstract
Amalia Holst
Authors: Cooper Andrew
Published: November 2024

Amalia Holst's trailblazing book On the Vocation of Woman to Higher Intellectual Education (1802) dropped a bomb on the German speaking states-a bomb that failed to detonate. In one of the first works of philosophy in German published under a woman's name, Holst declares that it is time a member of the female sex spoke out about the plight of women in Germany. Despite her bold attempt to ignite a new movement of women's education, her book was harshly reviewed by male critics and thrust into obscurity. This Element presents the first comprehensive study of Holst's writings, unearthing their striking contribution to philosophy's growing awareness of the social conditions of human freedom. The force of her argument, and the difficulties she encountered, reveal the ambiguous character of the German Enlightenment and prompt us to reconsider what can be salvaged from it.
A deep operator network for Bayesian parameter identification of self-oscillators
Authors: Sugandi Tobias , Dharmaputra Bayu , Noiray Nicolas
Published: November 2024

Many physical systems exhibit limit-cycle oscillations that can typically be modeled as stochastically driven self-oscillators. In this work, we focus on a self-oscillator model where the nonlinearity is on the damping term. In various applications, it is crucial to determine the nonlinear damping term and the noise intensity of the driving force. This article presents a novel approach that employs a deep operator network (DeepONet) for parameter identification of self-oscillators. We build our work upon a system identification methodology based on the adjoint Fokker–Planck formulation, which is robust to the finite sampling interval effects. We employ DeepONet as a surrogate model for the operator that maps the first Kramers–Moyal (KM) coefficient to the first and second finite-time KM coefficients. The proposed approach can directly predict the finite-time KM coefficients, eliminating the intermediate computation of the solution field of the adjoint Fokker–Planck equation. Additionally, the differentiability of the neural network readily facilitates the use of gradient-based optimizers, further accelerating the identification process. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed methodology can recover desired parameters with a significant reduction in time while maintaining an accuracy comparable to that of the classical finite-difference approach. The low computational time of the forward path enables Bayesian inference of the parameters. Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm is employed to obtain the posterior distribution of the parameters. The proposed method is validated against numerical simulations and experimental data obtained from a linearly unstable turbulent combustor.
In Search of a Truly Indian Catholic Theology in Nehruvian India
Authors: Beltramini Enrico
Published: November 2024

The Modi dispensation provides a unique vantage for assessing the role, program, and self-understanding of the emergence of a local, indigenous style of theology within Roman Catholicism in India during the Nehruvian era. The style has often been linked to the internal history of Catholicism in the aftermath of Vatican II. In this article, the emphasis is rather located in the Indian context, and more specifically in the Nehruvian India. A special role in this relationship between Indian theologians and Nehruvian India was played by the category of difference that allows an appropriation of Western modes of thinking and yet marks a distance from them. I offer some consideration of the complex implications of this approach in theology.
When filth became dangerous: the miasmatic and contagionistic origins of nineteenth-century cleanliness practices among Swedish provincial doctors
Authors: Drakman Annelie
Published: November 2024

This investigation sheds light on the social history of pathogenic dirt and its significance for shaping medical practices during the nineteenth century. It consists of an analysis focusing on Swedish medicine, using 8800 yearly reports written 1820–1900 by Swedish provincial doctors for the National Board of Health in Stockholm. The main argument is that the provincial doctors’ perceptions of the relationship between dirt and health during this century can be better understood by focusing on similarities in the handling of different kinds of pathological dirt over the course of many decades, rather than seeing interest in cleanliness as something mostly unprecedented. A novel cleanliness regime became dominant during the latter third of the century, meant to counter a new hybrid between everyday dirt – bodily emanations from healthy bodies – and matter believed to have caused miasmatic and contagionistic disease. New ideas about filth and its impact on health played a crucial role in the development of public health and sanitation movements, and were a precondition for everyday dirt becoming a central medical problem around the turn of the twentieth century, but as is shown, they built on old precedents. Thus, the miasmatic and contagionistic approach to disease shaped conceptions of hygiene and cleanliness.
ADDITIVE AND SUBTRACTIVE BASES OF
$\mathbb {Z}_m$
IN AVERAGE
Authors: LIANG GUANGPING , ZHANG YU , ZUO HAODE
Published: November 2024

Given a positive integer m, let

$\mathbb {Z}_m$

be the set of residue classes mod m. For

$A\subseteq \mathbb {Z}_m$

and

$n\in \mathbb {Z}_m$

, let

$\sigma _A(n)$

be the number of solutions to the equation

$n=x+y$

with

$x,y\in A$

. Let

$\mathcal {H}_m$

be the set of subsets

$A\subseteq \mathbb {Z}_m$

such that

$\sigma _A(n)\geq 1$

for all

$n\in \mathbb {Z}_m$

. Let

$$ \begin{align*} \ell_m=\min\limits_{A\in \mathcal{H}_m}\bigg\lbrace m^{-1}\sum_{n\in \mathbb{Z}_m}\sigma_A(n)\bigg\rbrace. \end{align*} $$

Ding and Zhao [‘A new upper bound on Ruzsa’s numbers on the Erdős–Turán conjecture’, Int. J. Number Theory20 (2024), 1515–1523] showed that

$\limsup _{m\rightarrow \infty }\ell _m\le 192$

. We prove

$$ \begin{align*} \limsup\limits_{m\rightarrow\infty}\ell_m\leq 144 \end{align*} $$

and investigate parallel results on subtractive bases of

$ \mathbb {Z}_m$

.
The planar 3-colorable subgroup ε of Thompson’s group F and its even part
Authors: Aiello Valeriano , Nagnibeda Tatiana
Published: November 2024

We study the planar 3-colorablesubgroup $\mathcal{E}$ of Thompson’s group F and its even part ${\mathcal{E}_{\rm EVEN}}$. The latter is obtained by cutting $\mathcal{E}$ with a finite index subgroup of F isomorphic to F, namely the rectangular subgroup $K_{(2,2)}$. We show that the even part ${\mathcal{E}_{\rm EVEN}}$ of the planar 3-colorable subgroup admits a description in terms of stabilisers of suitable subsets of dyadic rationals. As a consequence ${\mathcal{E}_{\rm EVEN}}$ is closed in the sense of Golan and Sapir. We then study three quasi-regular representations associated with ${\mathcal{E}_{\rm EVEN}}$: two are shown to be irreducible and one to be reducible.
Legalizing Abortion in the Southern Cone
Authors: Fernández Anderson Cora
Published: November 2024

The Southern Cone has been at the forefront of the fight for abortion rights in Latin America. Due to the legacies of Hispanic legal traditions and the overwhelming political influence of the Catholic Church, the region historically has been known for its restrictive policies on abortion and reproductive rights more broadly.1 However, in the past 15 years, Southern Cone countries began to challenge those restrictions and embarked on a feminist revolution that led to what is now widely known as the “Green Wave” because of the color embraced by abortion-rights activists. Uruguay began this trend of legalizing abortion on demand in 2012, followed by Argentina in 2020. Chile experienced a moderate reform in 2017 when it moved from a total ban to a system of exceptions. Feminists have been trying ever since to pass abortion on demand through both legislative and constitutional reforms, which have not yet yielded the expected results.
The Decriminalization of Abortion in Latin America: A Tale of Gradual Judicialization
Authors: Díez Jordi , Ruibal Alba
Published: November 2024

Latin America historically has had some of the strictest abortion laws in the world, making unsafe procedures a main cause of mortality among women and girls. However, in the context of the Green Wave, three countries recently have amply decriminalized access to abortion: Mexico (2021, 2023), Colombia (2022), and Argentina (2020) (Uruguay did so in 2012). The recent wave of decriminalization is the culmination of larger, historical processes that involved the gradual judicialization of reproductive rights in the region. Courts have been a central part of the story. In these three cases, arguments advanced by state and nonstate actors in favor of decriminalization significantly built on jurisprudence developed over many years. The process of abortion decriminalization has been partly a tale of gradual judicialization.
RIGIDITY FOR VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS OF GRAPH PRODUCT GROUPS II. SUPERRIGIDITY RESULTS
Authors: Chifan Ionuţ , Davis Michael , Drimbe Daniel
Published: November 2024

In [CDD22], we investigated the structure of
$\ast $
-isomorphisms between von Neumann algebras
$L(\Gamma )$
associated with graph product groups
$\Gamma $
of flower-shaped graphs and property (T) wreath-like product vertex groups, as in [CIOS21]. In this follow-up, we continue the structural study of these algebras by establishing that these graph product groups
$\Gamma $
are entirely recognizable from the category of all von Neumann algebras arising from an arbitrary nontrivial graph product group with infinite vertex groups. A sharper
$C^*$
-algebraic version of this statement is also obtained. In the process of proving these results, we also extend the main
$W^*$
-superrigidity result from [CIOS21] to direct products of property (T) wreath-like product groups.
Sentinel‐1 Snow Depth Assimilation to Improve River Discharge Estimates in the Western European Alps
Authors: Brangers I. , Lievens H. , Getirana A. , De Lannoy G. J. M.
Published: November 2024

Seasonal snow is an important water source and contributor to river discharge in mountainous regions. Therefore the amount of snow and its distribution are necessary inputs for hydrological modeling. Recent research has shown the potential of the Sentinel‐1 radar satellite to map snow depth (SD) at sub‐kilometer resolution in mountainous regions. In this study we assimilate these new SD retrievals into the Noah‐Multiparameterization land surface model using an ensemble Kalman filter for the western European Alps. The land surface model was coupled to the Hydrological Modeling and Analysis Platform (HyMAP), a global flow routing scheme that provides simulations of routed river discharge. The performance with different precipitation forcing inputs, namely MERRA‐2 (with and without gauge based correction) and ERA5, was compared based on in situ precipitation and SD stations, with ERA5 leading to the best SD performance. The Sentinel‐1 based data assimilation (DA) results show small but systematic improvements for SD estimates, with the mean absolute error reducing from 36.4 cm for the open loop (OL) to 35.6 cm for the DA across all stations and timesteps, improving 318 out of 516 in situ sites. The DA updates in SD also result in enhanced snow water equivalent and discharge simulations. The median temporal correlation between discharge simulations and measurements increases from 0.73 to 0.78 for the DA. This study demonstrates the utility of the Sentinel‐1 SD retrievals to improve not only the representation of snow in mountain ranges, but also the snow melt contribution to river discharge, and hydrological modeling in general.
Comment on “Improving Bayesian Model Averaging for Ensemble Flood Modeling Using Multiple Markov Chains Monte Carlo Sampling”
Authors: Vrugt Jasper A.
Published: November 2024

Huang and Merwade (2023), https://doi.org/10.1029/2023wr034947, hereafter conveniently referred to as HM23, wrongly claim improvement of their method for postprocessing multi‐model water stage predictions using Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Their results show all signs of a flawed implementation of the Metropolis algorithm. In this comment I will point out the many mistakes and shortcomings of the BMA methodology of HM23. Their method is deficient, inefficient and ineffective and wrongly quantifies BMA model parameter and predictive uncertainty. Furthermore, HM23 misrepresent BMA literature, articulate a poor understanding of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and misuse the autocorrelation function for monitoring convergence of the sampled Markov chains. A proper implementation of the random walk Metropolis algorithm would have led HM23 to substantially different results and findings about their ensemble of water stage predictions. The MODELAVG toolbox of Vrugt (2018) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299458373_MODELAVG_A_MATLAB_Toolbox_for_Postprocessing_of_Model_Ensembles satisfies all requirements of HM23 and provides robust estimates of BMA model parameter and prediction uncertainty for symmetric, skewed and truncated conditional forecast distributions of the ensemble members.
The Double Peak Superposition on the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests During the 23 April 2023 Storm
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Xiong Chao , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Yan Rui , Huang He , Zeren Zhima , Pu Weixing , Xu Song , Huang Jianping , Lu Hengxin , Xu Yue , Shen Xuhui
Published: November 2024

The typical equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) exhibits two crests around the magnetic equator. Here we reported evidence for a double‐peak superposition at the EIA crest of each hemisphere, forming a four‐peak structure, with the additional peaks located ∼10° poleward of normal crests, as observed by CSES at 500 km altitudes on dayside, during the 23 April 2023 geomagnetic storm. Such a unique structure occurred when the eastward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) was developed. Interestingly, distinctive large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances derived from GNSS‐TEC data propagated equatorward but not coincidently interacted with the EIA poleward peaks. The short‐duration intense PPEF may be the most plausible mechanism, which could cause the “fountain” plasma highly elevated into the topside which gradually fell into CSES altitudes on poleward sides of regular EIA crests, causing the superposition of crest in addition to nominal crest generated by the regular wind dynamo.
Dynamic Emergence of Plate Motions and Great Megathrust Earthquakes Across Length and Time Scales
Authors: Fang Jiaqi , Gurnis Michael , Lapusta Nadia
Published: November 2024

The slow motion of tectonic plates over thousands of kilometers is intermittently interrupted by great earthquakes with sudden slips localized near convergent plate boundaries. We developed a subduction model that self‐consistently integrates buoyancy forces, diffusion and dislocation creep, and inter‐plate friction. From the nonlinear dynamics emerge long‐term plate motions that achieve velocities of cm/year, effective viscosities of Pas below plates, and sudden slips up to m repeating every several hundred years. Along‐strike resistance arising from long‐wavelength variation of coseismic slip is naturally incorporated with a rupture length scale, . Computations with km generate events with . When decreases, there is a commensurate decrease in the effective moment of rupture events. Predicted long‐term plate velocities, mantle viscosities, cycles of stress loading and release, and rupture event size and magnitude all show good agreement with observations.
Enhanced Net Community Production With Sea Ice Loss in the Western Arctic Ocean Uncovered by Machine‐Learning‐Based Mapping
Authors: Zhou Tianyu , Li Yun , Ouyang Zhangxian , Cai Wei‐Jun , Ji Rubao
Published: November 2024

In the Arctic Ocean (AO), net community production () has displayed spatially heterogeneous responses to sea ice reduction and associated environmental changes. Using a random forest machine learning model trained with >42,000 in situ measurements and concurrent, collocated environmental predictors, we reconstructed 19 years of 8‐day, 6‐km maps. During 2015–2021, the integrated between late‐May and early‐September () over the western AO was per year, with interannual variations positively tracking open water area. While the relationship between and open water area was quasi‐linear at high latitudes, strong nonlinearity was detected on the inflow shelf. The nonlinearity highlights that the increase resulted from area gain could be compounded by sea‐ice loss induced ecosystem adjustments. Additional retrospective analysis for 2003–2014 suggests a potential long‐term increase of export production and efficiency in the western AO with sea ice loss.
Indications of Ongoing Noise‐Tipping of a Bifurcating River System
Authors: Blom Astrid , Ylla Arbós Clàudia , Chowdhury M. Kifayath , Doelman Arjen , Rietkerk Max , Schielen Ralph M. J.
Published: November 2024

Tipping occurs when a critical point is reached, beyond which a perturbation leads to persistent system change. Here, we present observational indications demonstrating presently ongoing noise‐tipping of a real‐world system. Noise in a river system is associated with the changing flow rate. In particular, we consider the upper Rhine River delta, where flow and sediment fluxes are partitioned over the two downstream branches (bifurcates) of an important river bifurcation. Field observations show that a sequence of peak flows in the 1990s resulted in sudden sediment deposition in one bifurcate, triggering a persistent and ongoing change in the flow partitioning. This has caused the system to move toward an alternative equilibrium state or attractor. An idealized model confirms that a river bifurcation system under such conditions is prone to tipping, and provides insight on the onset of tipping.
A Gaussian Variogram‐Based Model of Total Electron Content in the Regional Ionosphere of China
Authors: Liu Ang , Li Zishen , Wang Ningbo , Li Ang , Zhang Zhouyu , Zhang Yunlong
Published: November 2024

This study utilizes ionospheric total electron contents (TECs) data from China and its surrounding areas to compute the regional ionospheric semi‐variance using the Gaussian variogram. The regional ionospheric model is then constructed by introducing an additional stochastic term, named adjusted Spherical Harmonics Adding KrigING method (SHAKING), in which the stochastic Vertical Total Electron Content estimated using Kriging interpolation based on Ionospheric Variogram Model Parameters (IVMP) predict model. In the IVMP prediction model, two notable periodic patterns, that is, diurnal and annual signals with periods of 365.25/i days and 24/j hours, are recognized as Fourier series decompositions. These patterns capture the regular daily and yearly periodic variations in variogram parameters, and the IVMP prediction model is established using harmonic estimation methods. IVMP‐SHAKING is employed to generate the regional ionospheric map in China using multi‐GNSS data from 27 reference stations during days of the year 150–250 in 2022, with 14 rover stations used for evaluation. Results indicate that the proposed model exhibits a standard deviation of 4.85 TECu compared to the difference of slant TEC extracted from rover stations. Compared to existing models, including BDS‐3 broadcast ionospheric model (BDGIM), GPS broadcast model (Klobuchar), Galileo broadcast model (NeQuickG) and post‐processing Global Ionospheric Map released by IGS (IGSG), the accuracy of IVMP‐SHAKING improves by 6%–52%. Additionally, the Standard Point Positioning performance with different ionospheric corrections is analyzed on test stations. Results demonstrate that the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy of the IVMP‐SHAKING model improves by 31%–55% and 16%–33%, respectively, compared to other three solutions.
A longitudinal study of hippocampal subfield volumes and hippocampal glutamate levels in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients
Authors: Nelson Eric A. , Kraguljac Nina V. , Bashir Adil , Cofield Stacey S. , Maximo Jose O. , Armstrong William , Lahti Adrienne C.
Published: November 2024

Background

Previous studies have implicated hippocampal abnormalities in the neuropathology of psychosis spectrum disorders. Reduced hippocampal volume has been reported across all illness stages, and this atrophy has been hypothesized to be the result of glutamatergic excess. To test this hypothesis, we measured hippocampal subfield volumes and hippocampal glutamate levels in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis patients (FEP) and the progression of volume decline and changes in glutamate levels over a 16-week antipsychotic drug (APD) trial. We aimed to determine if subfield volumes at baseline were associated with glutamate levels, and if baseline glutamate levels were predictive of change in subfield volumes over time.

Methods

We enrolled ninety-three medication-naïve FEP participants and 80 matched healthy controls (HC). T1 and T2 weighted images and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data from a voxel prescribed in the left hippocampus were collected from participants at baseline and after 6 and 16 weeks of APD treatment. Hippocampal subfield volumes were assessed using FreeSurfer 7.1.1., while glutamate levels were quantified using jMRUI version 6.0. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results

We found regional subfield volume deficits in the CA1, and presubiculum in FEP at baseline, that further expanded to include the molecular and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC/ML/DG) and CA4 by week 16. Baseline hippocampal glutamate levels in FEP were not significantly different than those of HC, and there was no effect of treatment on glutamate. Glutamate levels were not related to initial subfield volumes or volume changes over 16 weeks.

Conclusion

We report a progressive loss of hippocampal subfield volumes over a period of 16 weeks after initiation of treatment, suggestive of early progression in neuropathology. Our results do not suggest a role for glutamate as a driving factor. This study underscores the need to further research the mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon as it has implications for early intervention to preserve cognitive decline in FEP participants.
Dopamine release and dopamine-related gene expression in the amygdala are modulated by the gastrin-releasing peptide in opposite directions during stress-enhanced fear learning and extinction
Authors: Morishita Yoshikazu , Fuentes Ileana , Gonzalez-Salinas Sofia , Favate John , Mejaes Jennifer , Zushida Ko , Nishi Akinori , Hevi Charles , Goldsmith Noriko , Buyske Steve , Sillivan Stephanie E. , Miller Courtney A. , Kandel Eric R. , Uchida Shusaku , Shah Premal , Alarcon Juan Marcos , Barker David J. , Shumyatsky Gleb P.
Published: November 2024

Fear extinction leads to a decrease of originally acquired fear responses after the threat is no longer present. Fear extinction is adaptive and critical for organism’s survival, but deficits in extinction may lead to exaggerated fear in animals or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans. Dopamine has recently emerged as essential for fear extinction and PTSD, however the neural circuits serving this dopamine function are only beginning to be investigated, and the dopamine intracellular signaling pathways are unknown. We generated gastrin-releasing peptide gene knockout (Grp-/-) mice and found that they exhibit enhanced fear memory in a stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) paradigm, which combines stress exposure and fear extinction, two features critical for developing PTSD. Using in vivo fiber photometry to record dopamine signals, we found that the susceptibility of Grp-/- mice to SEFL is paralleled by an increase in basolateral amygdala (BLA) dopaminergic binding during fear conditioning and early extinction. Combined optogenetics and ex vivo electrophysiology showed an increase in presynaptic ventral tegmental area (VTA)-BLA connectivity in Grp-/- mice, demonstrating a role of dysregulated input from the VTA on BLA function in the absence of the GRP. When examining gene transcription using RNA-seq and qPCR, we discovered concerted down-regulation in dopamine-related genes in the BLA of Grp-/- mice following long-term SEFL memory recall that was not observed in naïve conditions. These experiments demonstrate that the GRP regulates dopamine function in stress-enhanced fear processing and identify the Grp as the first gene known to regulate dopaminergic control of fear extinction.
Associations of blood lipids and LDL cholesterol lowering drug-targets with colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Chan Wing Ching , Liu Lili , Bouras Emmanouil , Zuber Verena , Wen Wanqing , Long Jirong , Gill Dipender , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc J. , Assimes Themistocles L. , Bujanda Luis , Gruber Stephen B. , Küry Sébastien , Lynch Brigid M. , Qu Conghui , Thomas Minta , White Emily , Woods Michael O. , Peters Ulrike , Li Christopher I. , Chan Andrew T. , Brenner Hermann , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Zheng Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

Whether blood lipids are causally associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear.

Methods

Using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), our study examined the associations of genetically-predicted blood concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins (primary: LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and genetically-proxied inhibition of HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 (which mimic therapeutic effects of LDL-lowering drugs), with risks of CRC and its subsites. Genetic associations with lipids were obtained from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (n = 1,320,016), while genetic associations with CRC were obtained from the largest existing CRC consortium (n = 58,221 cases and 67,694 controls). Our main analysis was a multivariable MR (MVMR) with mutual adjustments for LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides. Secondary analyses, including MVMR additionally-adjusting for BMI or diabetes, were also performed.

Results

Genetically-predicted LDL-C was positively associated with CRC risk in the MVMR adjusted for HDL-C and triglycerides (OR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.02–1.16 per SD increase) and additionally-adjusted for BMI (OR = 1.12; 95%CI 1.05–1.21) or diabetes (OR = 1.09; 95%CI 1.02–1.17). Associations were generally consistent across anatomical subsites. No clear evidence of association was found for other lipids, lipoproteins, or LDL-lowering drug-targets.

Conclusions

We found evidence of a weak positive association between LDL-C and CRC that did not appear to be explained by potential pleiotropic pathways such as via HDL-C, triglycerides, BMI, or diabetes.
UGT8 mediated sulfatide synthesis modulates BAX localization and dictates apoptosis sensitivity of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Le , Ramesh Prashanthi , Atencia Taboada Lidia , Roessler Rebecca , Zijlmans Dick W. , Vermeulen Michiel , Picavet-Havik Daisy I. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Medema Jan Paul
Published: November 2024

Elevated de novo lipid synthesis is a remarkable adaptation of cancer cells that can be exploited for therapy. However, the role of altered lipid metabolism in the regulation of apoptosis is still poorly understood. Using thermal proteome profiling, we identified Manidipine-2HCl, targeting UGT8, a key enzyme in the synthesis of sulfatides. In agreement, lipidomic analysis indicated that sulfatides are strongly reduced in colorectal cancer cells upon treatment with Manidipine-2HCl. Intriguingly, this reduction led to severe mitochondrial swelling and a strong synergism with BH3 mimetics targeting BCL-XL, leading to the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, Manidipine-2HCl enhanced mitochondrial BAX localization in a sulfatide-dependent fashion, facilitating its activation by BH3 mimetics. In conclusion, our data indicates that UGT8 mediated synthesis of sulfatides controls mitochondrial homeostasis and BAX localization, dictating apoptosis sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells.