bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die metakognitive Therapie nach Wells – theoretischer Hintergrund, Behandlungskomponenten und Evidenz
Authors: Weber Friederike , Exner Cornelia
Published: August 2013

Die Metakognitive Therapie nach Wells wird den neueren Entwicklungen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie zugerechnet und befasst sich mit metakognitiven Überzeugungen und Regulationsprozessen, welchen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Pathogenese psychischer Störungen beigemessen wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt zunächst das Self-Regulatory Executive Function-Modell (S-REF-Modell) vor, das den theoretischen Hintergrund der Metakognitiven Therapie bildet, und gibt einen Überblick über zentrale Komponenten dieses Therapieansatzes. Empirische Befunde zum S-REF-Modell sowie zur Metakognitiven Therapie werden vorgestellt. Es wurden Arbeiten eingeschlossen, welche sich mit der vollständigen Metakognitiven Therapie oder der Aufmerksamkeitstrainingstechnik, einer Komponente der Metakognitiven Therapie, befassen.
Evidenzbasierte Patienteninformationen im Internet – Eine Studie zur Qualität von Websites zur Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung
Authors: Eichenberg Christiane , Blokus Georg , Malberg Demetris
Published: August 2013

Weite Teile der Bevölkerung informieren sich bei Fragen zu psychischer Gesundheit im Internet. Dabei beeinflussen die dort recherchierten Informationen Gesundheitsverhalten und -einstellungen. Umso wichtiger ist es, die Qualität medizinischer und psychologischer Internetinformationen sicher zu stellen und auf ihre Hochwertigkeit auch im Sinne der Evidenzbasierung hin zu überprüfen. Im internationalen Raum existiert eine Reihe von Studien, die Mängel an der Qualität internetbasierter Gesundheitsinformationen konstatieren. Für deutschsprachige Websites sind entsprechende Untersuchungen kaum vorhanden. Aus diesem Grund wurde exemplarisch für das Störungsbild der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung eine Inhaltsanalyse von N = 20 Suchergebnissen bei Google vorgenommen. Analysiert wurden u. a. die Art des Anbieters, die Qualität der Informationen, die präferierten Behandlungsansätze sowie die Benutzerfreundlichkeit der Website. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die verschiedenen Behandlungsansätze (Psychotherapie, Psychopharmakotherapie, Selbsthilfe) ausgewogen dargestellt werden, jedoch psychodynamische Psychotherapieverfahren gegenüber der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie deutlich unterrepräsentiert sind. Die Qualität der Informationen war generell im mittleren Bereich angesiedelt, was vor allem durch die mangelhafte Benutzerfreundlichkeit der Websites bedingt ist. Falsch- und Fehlinformationen waren wenig zu verzeichnen. Abschließend werden Modelle zur Qualitätssicherung als Beitrag für evidenzbasierte Patienteninformationen vorgestellt und damit verbundene Probleme diskutiert.
Spezifische und gemeinsame neuropsychologische Basisdefizite bei ADHS- und ODD-Symptomen im Vorschulalter
Authors: Mingebach Tanja , Roller Alisa , Dalir Silke , Becker Katja , Pauli-Pott Ursula
Published: August 2013

Es ist anzunehmen, dass unterschiedliche neuropsychologische Basisdefizite den Symptomen der ADHS zugrunde liegen. Die Frage ist, ob spezielle Basisdefizite spezifisch mit der ADHS-Symptomatik verbunden sind oder auch mit Symptomen einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens mit oppositionellem, aufsässigem Verhalten (ODD) korrelieren. Deswegen wurden neuropsychologische Aufgaben zur Erfassung von exekutiver Inhibitionskontrolle, Verzögerungsaversion, Intelligenz und Sensomotorik mit 141 Kindern (davon 68 Jungen) zwischen drei und sechs Jahren durchgeführt. Eltern (Pre-PACS Interview, SDQ) und Erzieher/innen (SDQ) aus dem Kindergarten schätzten die ADHS- und ODD-Symptome ein. Die ADHS-Symptome korrelierten bei Berücksichtigung von Kontrollvariablen signifikant mit exekutiver Inhibitionskontrolle, Verzögerungsaversion, Intelligenz und Sensomotorik. Bei zusätzlicher Kontrolle der ODD-Symptome zeigten sich weiterhin signifikante Assoziationen mit Verzögerungsaversion und Intelligenz. Auch in der multiplen Regressionsanalyse klärten diese beiden neuropsychologischen Basisdefizite jeweils unabhängig signifikant Varianz der ADHS-Symptome auf. Die ODD-Symptome zeigten keinen über die ADHS-Symptome hinausgehenden Zusammenhang mit den neuropsychologischen Basisdefiziten. ADHS-Symptome im Vorschulalter gehen mit höherer Verzögerungsaversion und Intelligenzdefiziten einher, während ODD-Symptome nicht unabhängig mit neuropsychologischen Basisdefiziten assoziiert sind.
Fötale Programmierung
Authors: Haselbeck Christin , Kulle Alexandra , Niederberger Uwe , Bergmann Til Ole , Steinmann Elisabeth , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Petermann Franz , Gerber Wolf-Dieter
Published: August 2013

Entsprechend dem Konzept der Fötalen Programmierung wirkt sich pränataler Stress nachhaltig auf die Gesundheit des Nachkömmlings aus. Die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse wird als eine mediierende Struktur angenommen, über welche sich mütterlicher Stress in der intrauterinen Umwelt auf den Fötus auswirkt. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde an 46 Mutter-Kind-Paaren die berichtete mütterliche Stressbelastung und Kortisolausschüttung während der Schwangerschaft erfasst. Im Alter von fünf Monaten wurden das frühkindliche Temperament sowie die motorische und kognitive Entwicklung der Säuglinge untersucht. Säuglinge von Müttern mit höherer pränataler Stressbelastung zeigten erwartungsgemäß ein schwierigeres Temperament, jedoch erwartungskonträr eine bessere motorische Entwicklung. Ein schwieriges Temperament des Säuglings stellt einen Risikofaktor für eine frühe Störung der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion dar. Frühe Präventionsmaßnahmen könnten helfen, dieses Risiko zu minimieren und Schutzfaktoren zu etablieren.
Wirksamkeitsstudien zu Frühen Hilfen in Deutschland
Authors: Taubner Svenja , Munder Thomas , Unger Agnieszka , Wolter Silke
Published: August 2013

Frühe Hilfen richten sich primär und sekundär präventiv an Eltern mit kleinen Kindern (pränatal bis drei Jahre) und sollen die Beziehungs- und Erziehungskompetenz verbessern, um Kindern gute Entwicklungen zu ermöglichen sowie Kindesmisshandlung und Vernachlässigung zu verhindern. Im Rahmen eines narrativen Review wurden sechs Datenbanken für den Zeitraum zwischen 2003 und 2013 zu Studien zur Programmwirksamkeit Früher Hilfen in Deutschland durchsucht. Die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten 8 Studien, deren Forschungsdesigns, Studiendurchführung und Programmeffekte zusammengefasst wurden. Die Studienqualität wird als heterogen eingeschätzt; besonderer Verbesserungsbedarf wird hinsichtlich der Adhärenzprüfung, der Randomisierung der Teilnehmerinnen und der Kontrolle von Allegiance-Effekten diskutiert.
Shotgun metagenomics indicates novel family A DNA polymerases predominate within marine virioplankton
Authors: Schmidt Helen F , Sakowski Eric G , Williamson Shannon J , Polson Shawn W , Wommack K Eric
Published: August 2013

Virioplankton have a significant role in marine ecosystems, yet we know little of the predominant biological characteristics of aquatic viruses that influence the flow of nutrients and energy through microbial communities. Family A DNA polymerases, critical to DNA replication and repair in prokaryotes, are found in many tailed bacteriophages. The essential role of DNA polymerase in viral replication makes it a useful target for connecting viral diversity with an important biological feature of viruses. Capturing the full diversity of this polymorphic gene by targeted approaches has been difficult; thus, full-length DNA polymerase genes were assembled out of virioplankton shotgun metagenomic sequence libraries (viromes). Within the viromes novel DNA polymerases were common and found in both double-stranded (ds) DNA and single-stranded (ss) DNA libraries. Finding DNA polymerase genes in ssDNA viral libraries was unexpected, as no such genes have been previously reported from ssDNA phage. Surprisingly, the most common virioplankton DNA polymerases were related to a siphovirus infecting an α-proteobacterial symbiont of a marine sponge and not the podoviral T7-like polymerases seen in many other studies. Amino acids predictive of catalytic efficiency and fidelity linked perfectly to the environmental clades, indicating that most DNA polymerase-carrying virioplankton utilize a lower efficiency, higher fidelity enzyme. Comparisons with previously reported, PCR-amplified DNA polymerase sequences indicated that the most common virioplankton metagenomic DNA polymerases formed a new group that included siphoviruses. These data indicate that slower-replicating, lytic or lysogenic phage populations rather than fast-replicating, highly lytic phages may predominate within the virioplankton.
The microbial gene diversity along an elevation gradient of the Tibetan grassland
Authors: Yang Yunfeng , Gao Ying , Wang Shiping , Xu Depeng , Yu Hao , Wu Linwei , Lin Qiaoyan , Hu Yigang , Li Xiangzhen , He Zhili , Deng Ye , Zhou Jizhong
Published: August 2013

Tibet is one of the most threatened regions by climate warming, thus understanding how its microbial communities function may be of high importance for predicting microbial responses to climate changes. Here, we report a study to profile soil microbial structural genes, which infers functional roles of microbial communities, along four sites/elevations of a Tibetan mountainous grassland, aiming to explore the potential microbial responses to climate changes via a strategy of space-for-time substitution. Using a microarray-based metagenomics tool named GeoChip 4.0, we showed that microbial communities were distinct for most but not all of the sites. Substantial variations were apparent in stress, N and C-cycling genes, but they were in line with the functional roles of these genes. Cold shock genes were more abundant at higher elevations. Also, gdh converting ammonium into urea was more abundant at higher elevations, whereas ureC converting urea into ammonium was less abundant, which was consistent with soil ammonium contents. Significant correlations were observed between N-cycling genes (ureC, gdh and amoA) and nitrous oxide flux, suggesting that they contributed to community metabolism. Lastly, we found by Canonical correspondence analysis, Mantel tests and the similarity tests that soil pH, temperature, NH4+–N and vegetation diversity accounted for the majority (81.4%) of microbial community variations, suggesting that these four attributes were major factors affecting soil microbial communities. On the basis of these observations, we predict that climate changes in the Tibetan grasslands are very likely to change soil microbial community functional structure, with particular impacts on microbial N-cycling genes and consequently microbe-mediated soil N dynamics.
Expression and localization of aging markers in lacrimal gland of chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Kawai Masataka , Ogawa Yoko , Shimmura Shigeto , Ohta Shigeki , Suzuki Takanori , Kawamura Naoshi , Kuwana Masataka , Kawakami Yutaka , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: August 2013

Aging is commonly defined as the accumulation of diverse deleterious changes in cells and tissues with advancing age. To investigate whether aging changes are involved in the lacrimal glands of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) model mice, we obtained the specimens from cGVHD model mice, untreated aged and young mice and examined by histopathology and immunoblotting. Oxidative stress markers, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE and hexonoyl lesion (HEL) and other aging markers, p16 and p38, were used to assess the samples. The infiltrating mononuclear cells and endothelia of capillaries in the cGVHD and aged mice expressed the oxidative stress markers and other aging markers, but not in the young mice. Histological changes and the expression of aging markers in the samples from cGVHD mice exhibited similar features to those in aging mice. These results suggest that changes that typically appear with advanced age occur earlier in the lives of mice with lacrimal gland cGVHD.
Single image haze removal using content‐adaptive dark channel and post enhancement
Authors: Li Bo , Wang Shuhang , Zheng Jin , Zheng Liping
Published: August 2013

As a challenging problem, image haze removal plays an important role in computer vision applications. The dark channel prior has been widely studied for haze removal since it is simple and effective; however, it still suffers from over‐saturation, artefacts and dark‐look. To resolve these problems, this study proposes a method of single image haze removal using content‐adaptive dark channel and post enhancement. The main contributions of this work are as follows: first, an associative filter, which can transfer the structures of a reference image and the grey levels of a coarse image to the filtering output, is employed to compute the dark channel efficiently and effectively. Secondly, the dark channel confidence is utilised to restrict the dark channel based on the content of the image. Finally, a post enhancement method is devised to map the luminance of the restored haze‐free image with the preservation of local contrast. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the visibility of the hazy image.
New approach for identifying hereditary relation using primary fingerprint patterns
Authors: Chockaian Karthikeyini , Vayanaperumal Rajamani , Kanagaraj Bommanna Raja
Published: August 2013

In this work, an effort has been made to explore the existence of hereditary relations by analysing the central region of the fingerprints using global ridge patterns. So far, fingerprint identification systems have been developed for biometric applications and criminal investigations. The present work attempts to identify the hereditary relation among inter and intra class family members using fingerprints. Fingerprints are obtained from 324 subjects of 54 families comprising of a group of three generations. Ridge pattern types and ridge orientation map are estimated for the analysis. The results obtained show that 85.18% of intra class family members have similar ridge pattern. The study on ridge orientation map indicates that the angles of ridge orientation field vary in the same way for intra class family members. Furthermore, the specific range of angles of ridge orientation field occurs maximum number of times for intra class members and location of median value of repetitions of orientation angles are the same. Hence, it is evident that the intra class members have certain similarities in fingerprint which in turn replicate the presence of hereditary relation.
Drug repositioning framework by incorporating functional information
Authors: Wu Zikai , Wang Yong , Chen Luonan
Published: August 2013

As a shortcut for drug development, drug repositioning draws more and more attention in pharmaceutical industry to identify new indications for marketed drugs or drugs failed in late clinical trial phase. At the same time, the abundant high‐throughput data pushes the computationally repositioning drugs a hot topic in the area of systems biology. Here, the authors propose a general framework for repositioning drug by incorporating various functional information. The framework starts with the identification of differentially expressed gene sets under disease state and drug treatment. Then the disease and drug are associated by the overlap of these two gene sets via biological function. The authors provide two strategies to assess the functional overlap. In the first strategy, functional relevance are evaluated by leveraging genes’ lethality information to reveal drug's potential of curing diseases. In the second strategy, biological process perturbation profiles are identified by mapping differentially expressed genes into pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms. Their associations are assessed and used to rank drugs’ potential of curing diseases. The preliminary results on prostate cancer demonstrate that our new framework improves the drug repositioning efficiency and various function information could complement each other. Importantly, the new framework will enhance the biological interpretation and rationale of drug repositioning and provide insights into drug action mechanisms.
Calculations and measurements of the deuterium tunneling frequency in the propiolic acid-formic acid dimer and description of a newly constructed Fourier transform microwave spectrometer
Authors: Sun Ming , Wang Yimin , Carey Spencer J. , Mitchell Erik G. , Bowman Joel , Kukolich Stephen G.
Published: August 2013

The concerted proton tunneling frequency for the propiolic acid-formic acid dimer was calculated using a relaxed ab initio double-well potential in the imaginary-frequency mode of the saddle point, and new measurements were made for the deuterated propiolic acid-formic acid (ProOD-FAOD) isotopologue. It is important to have consistent calculated tunneling frequency values between normal and deuterated isotopologues since parameters can be readily adjusted to get good agreement with one isotopologue. High-resolution rotational spectra of deuterated (ProOD-FAOD) dimer were measured using a newly constructed Fourier Transform microwave spectrometer. The new spectrometer has mirror size: 30 cm in diameter with a radius of curvature of 59 cm and is equipped with multiple-FID data collection (5–10 FID's for each gas pulse). For the deuterated (ProOD-FAOD) isotopologue, 45 rotational lines (a type: 34; b type: 11) were measured in the lowest tunneling states range between 6.5 GHz and 15.5 GHz. With the new high-resolution measurements of the tunneling doublets (b-dipole transitions), the double potential well responsible for the deuterium tunneling was depicted much more precisely. The two tunneling states are separated by 3.48 MHz. The rotational constants obtained in this work are quite helpful for further structure analysis as well.
Thermal fluctuations in shape, thickness, and molecular orientation in lipid bilayers. II. Finite surface tensions
Authors: Watson Max C. , Morriss-Andrews Alex , Welch Paul M. , Brown Frank L. H.
Published: August 2013

We investigate the role of lipid chemical potential on the shape, thickness, and molecular orientation (lipid tilting relative to the monolayer surface normal) of lipid bilayers via a continuum-level model. We predict that decreasing the chemical potential at constant temperature, which is associated with an increase in surface tension via the Gibbs-Duhem relation, leads both to the well known reduction in thermal membrane undulations and also to increasing fluctuation amplitudes for bilayer thickness and molecular orientation. These trends are shown to be in good agreement with molecular simulations, however it is impossible to achieve full quantitative agreement between theory and simulation within the confines of the present model. We suggest that the assumption of lipid volume incompressibility, common to our theoretical treatment and other continuum models in the literature, may be partially responsible for the quantitative discrepancies between theory and simulation.
Energy alignment induced large rectifying behavior in endoheral fullerene dimers
Authors: Zhao P. , Liu D. S. , Chen G.
Published: August 2013

Using the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism combined with density functional theory for quantum transport calculation, we have investigated the electronic transport properties of three endofullerenes Na@C60C60@F, Na@C60C60, and F@C60C60. The results show that the electronic transport properties of these endofullerenes are strongly dependent upon the species inside the fullerene. A large rectifying behavior is observed in Na@C60C60, while Na@C60C60@F and F@C60C60 can only present very weak rectification. It is revealed that the alignment between the molecular levels of two C60s moieties with the applied bias is the main cause of the large rectification in Na@C60C60.
A classical trajectory study of the intramolecular dynamics, isomerization, and unimolecular dissociation of HO2
Authors: Perry Jamin W. , Dawes Richard , Wagner Albert F. , Thompson Donald L.
Published: August 2013

The classical dynamics and rates of isomerization and dissociation of HO2 have been studied using two potential energy surfaces (PESs) based on interpolative fittings of ab initio data: An interpolative moving least-squares (IMLS) surface [A. Li, D. Xie, R. Dawes, A. W. Jasper, J. Ma, and H. Guo, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 144306 (2010)] and the cubic-spline-fitted PES reported by Xu, Xie, Zhang, Lin, and Guo (XXZLG) [J. Chem. Phys. 127, 024304 (2007)]. Both PESs are based on similar, though not identical, internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction with Davidson correction (icMRCI+Q) electronic structure calculations; the IMLS PES includes complete basis set (CBS) extrapolation. The coordinate range of the IMLS PES is limited to non-reactive processes. Surfaces-of-section show similar generally regular phase space structures for the IMLS and XXZLG PESs with increasing energy. The intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) at energies above and below the threshold of isomerization is slow, especially for O–O stretch excitations, consistent with the regularity in the surfaces-of-section. The slow IVR rates lead to mode-specific effects that are prominent for isomerization (on both the IMLS and XXZLG) and modest for unimolecular dissociation to H + O2 (accessible only on the XXZLG PES). Even with statistical distributions of initial energy, slow IVR rates result in double exponential decay for isomerization, with the slower rate correlated with slow IVR rates for O–O vibrational excitation. The IVR and isomerization rates computed for the IMLS and XXZLG PESs are quantitatively, but not qualitatively, different from one another with the largest differences ascribed to the ∼2 kcal/mol difference in the isomerization barrier heights. The IMLS and XXZLG results are compared with those obtained using the global, semi-empirical double-many-body expansion DMBE-IV PES [M. R. Pastrana, L. A. M. Quintales, J. Brandão, and A. J. C. Varandas, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 8073 (1990)], for which the surfaces-of-section display more irregular phase space structure, much faster IVR rates, and significantly less mode-specific effects in isomerization and unimolecular dissociation. The calculated IVR results for all three PESs are reasonably well represented by an analytic, coupled three-mode energy transfer model.
High Tc superconductors for plasmonics and metamaterials fabrication: A preliminary normal state optical characterisation of Nd123 and Gd1212
Authors: Gombos M. , Romano S. , Rendina I. , Carapella G. , Ciancio R. , Mocella V.
Published: August 2013

The application of metamaterials and plasmonic structures in the visible and near infrared are strongly limited by the dissipative losses due to the low conductivity of the most used metals in this frequency range. High temperature superconductors are plasmonic materials at nonzero temperature that can provide a possible alternative approach to overcome this limit. Moreover, they can have zero or even negative dielectric constant, and a bipolar behavior. All these characteristics are attractive for plasmonic applications, and encourage further studies aimed at a more detailed knowledge of the parameters characterizing high temperature superconductors as possible optical materials. In this paper, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis and ellipsometric measurements in the visible and infrared spectral regions on NdBa2Cu3O7−δ (Nd123) and ruthenocuprate superconductor GdSr2RuCu2O8−δ (Gd1212) are reported. As a matter of fact, Nd123 presents the highest transition temperature (Tc = 96 K) and the most interesting magnetic response properties among YBCO-like cuprate superconductors, whereas the coexistence in the same cell of superconductivity and magnetic order below Tc in Gd1212 can be an interesting feature for next metamaterial-like applications. The obtained results confirm the promising features of the considered materials.
Influence of plasma surface interactions on tokamak startup
Authors: Goswami Rajiv
Published: August 2013

The startup phase of a tokamak is a complex phenomenon involving burnthrough of the low-Z impurities and rampup of Ip, the plasma current. The design considerations of a tokamak are closely connected with the startup modeling. Plasma evolution is analysed using a zero-dimensional model. The particle and energy balance is considered of two subclasses of plasmas which are penetrable by neutral gas, together with another component, neutrals trapped in the wall. The first subclass includes plasmas being penetrated by slow neutrals of (∼few eV) temperature. The second includes plasmas being penetrated only by fast neutrals having a temperature comparable to that of the ions. The impact of impurities on energy balance is considered through their generation by ion induced desorption of adsorbed oxygen on the first wall and physical and chemical sputtering of carbon. The paper demonstrates self-consistently that the evolution of initial phase of the discharge is intimately linked to the condition of the plasma facing components (PFCs) and the resultant plasma surface interactions.
Ion-pair dissociation dynamics of O2 in the range 17.2–17.5 eV studied by XUV laser and velocity map imaging method
Authors: Zhou Chang , Mo Yuxiang
Published: August 2013

The ion-pair dissociation dynamics of O2, O2 + hv → O+(4S) + O−(2P1/2, 3/2), in the photon energy range 17.20–17.50 eV has been studied using extreme ultraviolet laser and velocity map imaging method. The ion-pair yield spectrum and the fine structure resolved photofragment O−(2Pj) velocity map images have been recorded. The branching ratios between the two spin-orbit components O−(2P3/2) and O−(2P1/2) and the corresponding anisotropy parameters describing their angular distributions have been determined. It is found that the fragments O−(2P1/2) are all from parallel transitions, while the fragments O−(2P3/2) are from both parallel and perpendicular transitions. The main products for most of the excitation photon energies are O−(2P1/2). The dissociation dynamics has been discussed based on the ab initio potential energy curves of the ion-pairs. The major peaks in the ion-pair yield spectrum have been assigned based on the angular distribution of the photofragments. The experimental results suggest that the so-called strong and weak series of Rydberg states converging to ${\rm O}_2^ + \left( {b{}^4\Sigma _g^ - } \right)$O2+bΣg−4 should have symmetries of ${}^3\Sigma _u^ - $Σu−3 and 3Πu, respectively. In addition to the Rydberg states converging to ${\rm O}_2^ + \left( {b{}^4\Sigma _g^ - } \right)$O2+bΣg−4, the Rydberg states converging to ${\rm O}_2^ + \left( {A{}^2\Pi _u } \right)$O2+AΠu2 should also play a role in the ion-pair dissociation of O2.
Electrostatic wave structures in a magnetized superthermal plasma with two-temperature electrons
Authors: Shahmansouri M. , Alinejad H.
Published: August 2013

The linear and nonlinear excitation of arbitrary amplitude ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves in a magnetized plasma comprising two-temperature electrons and cold ions are studied. The oblique propagation properties of two possible modes (in the linear regime) are investigated. It is found that the electron superthermality reduces the phase velocities of both modes, whereas obliqueness leads to an increase in the separation between two modes. In the nonlinear regime, an energy-like equation describes the evolution of IA solitary waves in the present model. The combined effects of the electron superthermality, magnitude of magnetic field, obliqueness and electron population are incorporated in the study of the existence domain of solitary waves and the soliton characteristics. It is shown that the small values of the hot electron population shift the permitted interval of Mach number to the lower values. Both compressive and rarefactive solitary structures are found to exist in the presence of two temperature electrons. The present investigation contributes to the physics of electrostatic wave structures in Saturn's magnetosphere in which two temperature electrons with kappa distribution exist.
Numerical modeling of multi-GeV laser wakefield electron acceleration inside a dielectric capillary tube
Authors: Paradkar B. S. , Cros B. , Mora P. , Maynard G.
Published: August 2013

Numerical modeling of laser wakefield electron acceleration inside a gas filled dielectric capillary tube is presented. Guiding of a short pulse laser inside a dielectric capillary tube over a long distance (∼1 m) and acceleration of an externally injected electron bunch to ultra-relativistic energies (∼5-10 GeV) are demonstrated in the quasi-linear regime of laser wakefield acceleration. Two dimensional axisymmetric simulations were performed with the code WAKE-EP (Extended Performances), which allows computationally efficient simulations of such long scale plasma. The code is an upgrade of the quasi-static particle code, WAKE [P. Mora and T. M. Antonsen, Jr., Phys. Plasmas 4, 217 (1997)], to simulate the acceleration of an externally injected electron bunch (including beam loading effect) and propagation of the laser beam inside a dielectric capillary. The influence of the transverse electric field of the plasma wake on the radial loss of the accelerated electrons to the dielectric wall is investigated. The stable acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy with a non-resonant laser pulse with a large spot-size is demonstrated.
Analysis of continuously rotating quadrupole focusing channels using generalized Courant-Snyder theory
Authors: Chung Moses , Qin Hong , Gilson Erik P. , Davidson Ronald C.
Published: August 2013

By extending the recently developed generalized Courant-Snyder theory for coupled transverse beam dynamics, we have constructed the Gaussian beam distribution and its projections with arbitrary mode emittance ratios. The new formulation has been applied to a continuously rotating quadrupole focusing channel because the basic properties of this channel are known theoretically and could also be investigated experimentally in a compact setup such as the linear Paul trap configuration. The new formulation retains a remarkably similar mathematical structure to the original Courant-Snyder theory, and thus, provides a powerful theoretical tool to investigate coupled transverse beam dynamics in general and more complex linear focusing channels.
Note: Effect of fluid phase compositions on the formation of substitutionally ordered solid phases from a binary mixture of oppositely charged colloidal suspensions
Authors: Punnathanam Sudeep N.
Published: August 2013

A binary mixture of oppositely charged colloidal particles can self-assemble into either a substitutionally ordered or substitutionally disordered crystalline phase depending on the nature and strength of interactions among the particles. An earlier study had mapped out favorable inter-particle interactions for the formation of substitutionally ordered crystalline phases from a fluid phase using Monte Carlo molecular simulations along with the Gibbs-Duhem integration technique. In this paper, those studies are extended to determine the effect of fluid phase composition on formation of substitutionally ordered solid phases.
Performance spread reduction in organic field-effect transistors using semiconducting liquid-crystal polymers
Authors: Tetzner Kornelius , Duffy Warren , Bock Karlheinz
Published: August 2013

We report on a semiconducting liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) for organic field-effect transistors (OFET) showing comparable charge carrier mobilities to 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN) on same test structures using organic dielectrics. In addition, we demonstrate a spread reduction of the OFET parameters by using the LCP allowing the fabrication of transistor devices in a simple processing procedure with a high reproducibility compared to TIPS-PEN, which is essential for the functionality of organic integrated circuits. Investigations of the molecular structure of the LCP reveal a high ordering of the molecules even in the liquid phase which further improves after annealing.
29 GHz directly modulated 980 nm vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers with bow-tie shape transverse coupled cavity
Authors: Dalir Hamed , Koyama Fumio
Published: August 2013

A concept for the bandwidth enhancement of directly modulated vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) using a transverse-coupled-cavity (TCC) scheme is proposed, which enables us to tailor the modulation-transfer function. A bow-tie shaped oxide aperture forms the transverse-coupled cavity resulting in optical feedback to boost the modulation speed. While the bandwidth of conventional VCSELs is 9–10 GHz, the 3 dB-bandwidth of the TCC VCSEL is increased by a factor of 3 far beyond the relaxation-oscillation frequency. The maximum bandwidth is currently limited by the photo-detector used in the experiment. Clear 36 Gbps eye opening was attained with an extinction ratio of 4 dB.
Analytical solutions of the Dirac equation with a scalar linear potential
Authors: Tezuka Hirokazu
Published: August 2013

The Dirac equation with a scalar linear potential is solved analytically. Analytical solutions are shown to exist when there are some quantitative relations between the strength constant of the linear potential and the mass of the particle. The analytical solutions are assumed to be of asymptotic form times a polynomial expression for the radial coordinate r. Actual solutions are found up to the order of r5.
Conformers of hydrogenated SiC honeycomb structure: A first principles study
Authors: Banerjee Seemita , Majumder Chiranjib
Published: August 2013

The structural and electronic properties of fully hydrogenated SiC graphane-like nano-structures have been investigated. The objective of this study is to underscore the relative stability of different conformers of hydrogenated SiC sheet. All calculations are carried out using plane wave based pseudo-potential approach under the density functional theory. The results reveal that the fully hydrogenated SiC sheet forms five stable isomers, and the chair conformer is most stable. Further study through molecular dynamic simulation strategy demonstrates that even at room temperature the chair conformer remains stable.
Field hydroponics assessment of salt tolerance in Cenchrus ciliaris (L.): growth, yield, and maternal effect
Authors: Ruiz Mónica , Taleisnik Edith
Published: August 2013

Soil salinity and sodicity have long been major constraints to increasing crop production in many parts of the world. The introduction of salt-tolerant perennial species is one of the most promising alternatives to overcome salinity problems. Cenchrus ciliaris (L.) is a highly drought-tolerant species but there are few available reports on its salt tolerance. The purpose of this work was to assess this trait in two widely used cultivars (Biloela and Texas) and to determine whether cultivation under salinity affected seed germination and plant fitness in the next generation. Trials were performed under field hydroponics conditions. Plants were grown for 5 months in 1000-L PVC boxes containing washed river sand, and were automatically irrigated with a commercial nutrient solution to which NaCl was gradually added to provide to provide average season electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 9, 15, and 19 dS/m. Controls had EC 4 dS/m. Vegetative growth in both cultivars was similarly affected by salinity, and grain yield diminished because of a decreased number of spikelets per plant. Significant growth and yield reductions were registered at EC ~10 dS/m, and growth continued to decrease with a very small slope as salinity increased, indicating that this species has moderate salt tolerance. Salinity decreased seed germination percentage; however, germination was higher in seeds obtained from plants that had been grown under saline conditions for one season. Growth was similar in plants obtained from seeds that originated from non-salinised and salinised plants. These results suggest that persistence of C. ciliaris in saline soils would not be limited by diminishing plant performance but, rather, by grain yield and seed germination.
Reversible shear-induced crystallization above equilibrium freezing temperature in a lyotropic surfactant system
Authors: Rathee Vikram , Krishnaswamy Rema , Pal Antara , Raghunathan V. A. , Impéror-Clerc Marianne , Pansu Brigitte , Sood A. K.
Published: August 2013

We demonstrate a unique shear-induced crystallization phenomenon above the equilibrium freezing temperature

in weakly swollen isotropic

and lamellar

mesophases with bilayers formed in a cationic-anionic mixed surfactant system. Synchrotron rheological X-ray diffraction study reveals the crystallization transition to be reversible under shear (i.e., on stopping the shear, the nonequilibrium crystalline phase

melts back to the equilibrium mesophase). This is different from the shear-driven crystallization below

, which is irreversible. Rheological optical observations show that the growth of the crystalline phase occurs through a preordering of the

phase to an

phase induced by shear flow, before the nucleation of the

phase. Shear diagram of the

phase constructed in the parameter space of shear rate

vs. temperature exhibits

and

transitions above the equilibrium crystallization temperature

, in addition to the irreversible shear-driven nucleation of

in the

phase below

. In addition to revealing a unique class of nonequilibrium phase transition, the present study urges a unique approach toward understanding shear-induced phenomena in concentrated mesophases of mixed amphiphilic systems.
Regulatory flexibility in the Nrf2-mediated stress response is conferred by conformational cycling of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein complex
Authors: Baird Liam , Llères David , Swift Sam , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T.
Published: August 2013

Significance

We have developed a quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer-based methodology using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to investigate in single live cells the interaction between the substrate adaptor protein Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) and transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the mammalian cell response to oxidants and electrophiles. The application of this methodology revealed that the system is much more dynamic than previously anticipated, whereby Keap1 utilizes a unique cyclic mechanism to target Nrf2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which also leads to Keap1 regeneration. The nature of this mechanism allows rapid transcriptional responses to environmental changes and is capable of accommodating multiple modes of regulation.
Voir dist li vilains
Authors: Rodríguez Somolinos Amalia
Published: August 2013

Medieval French proverbs are often introduced by characteristic structures, which we study here from a polyphonic and semantic point of view. These evidential markers include a speech verb and concern the sources of the proverb, the person or entity to whom the information is attributed : l’en dit que ; li vilains dit an son respit que, etc..

However, the proverb is not necessarily introduced by a marker. The proverb as such has its origin in traditional wisdom and this feature is characteristic of its semantics. The utterance of a proverb always includes, in an explicit or implicit way, a marker such as on sait que, on dit que, voirs est que which is an integral part of the proverb. The actual presence of the marker only stresses an intrinsic property of the proverb: it mentions the multiple previous utterances of the same sentence, it refers to a consensual wisdom linked to a linguistic community.
Beauvoir et Ricœur — L’identité narrative
Authors: Bjørsnøs Annlaug
Published: August 2013

This article will examine the uses of Paul Ricœur’s theory of narrative identity for the study of Simone de Beauvoir’s L’invitée (She Came to Stay) and will show that there are significant parallels between the two writers’ philosophical perspectives. The notion of identity is central both to Beauvoir’s novel and to Ricœur’s philosophy. As an existentialist, Beauvoir is inspired by a notion of identity based on action and practical experience rather than on any essentialist premise. Similarly, Ricœur’s philosophy is generally regarded as a “philosophy of human action”, an interpretation which foregrounds the importance of intersubjective interaction in his approach to self and identity. By means of a close reading of the main character’s identity crisis, with reference to Ricœur’s reflections, this article proposes to shed new light on the way in which the battle for selfhood is inextricably interwoven with the recognition of otherness in Beauvoir’s first novel.
La locution adverbiale d’une certaine manière
Authors: Schnedecker Catherine
Published: August 2013

The aim of this paper is to describe the two uses of the French adverb d’une certaine manière (CM), one where it is modifies the VP, and one where it expresses modality. On the basis of the French data base Frantext, we detail, firstly, under which syntactic and semantic circumstances CM appears. In a second stage, it is shown that CM can be considered as a kind of hedge, which concerns a constituent or the whole statement, presented as a value judgment of the speaker, whose bases remain deliberately “vague”.
Vers un nouveau langage romanesque
Authors: Yocaris Ilias
Published: August 2013

Claude Simon’s The Battle of Pharsalus (1969) is a verbal patchwork containing heterogeneous narrative fragments and intertextual inserts that are all integrated into a “jigsaw puzzle” structure. The moving complexity of such a fictional device clearly appears when one studies the quotations from In Search of Lost Time used throughout the novel. A detailed stylistic analysis of those quotations (graphic layout, phrasal structure, insertion modes, metatextual marks …) shows that textual collage may be considered as the expression of a specific literary project resting on a reticular conception of writing, a “perspectivist” view of verbal and nonverbal objects, postmodern aesthetic precepts and the use of transsemiotic references to iconic language.
L’accord du participe passé dans les langues romanes
Authors: Le Bellec Christel
Published: August 2013

This study aims at describing past participle agreement rules in the Romance languages. These are mainly considered as being an arbitrary set of rules; however, this study is based on the hypothesis that this kind of agreement has primarily a pragmatic function. Indeed, based on the hypothesis that past participle agreement is an example of verb-argument agreement, such as the subject-verb one, we will demonstrate that this agreement is triggered by a subject or a direct object with topic function. The pragmatic factor will be then integrated with those traditionally recognised in the literature, namely nuclear syntactic functions and the auxiliary selected. Finally, we will show why such a variation exists in the Romance languages.
Potentialités de l’harmonie imitative
Authors: Arouimi Michel
Published: August 2013

Bosco’s literary theory, dispersed throughout numerous self-critical admissions, reveals a concern for textual format, justified by Bosco as being the means of his spiritual quest, shared with the reader. A very short poem by Bosco, matured at length, shows great care in the poetic form, a form in which all aspects serve to translate in the text itself the object of the description: Bosco’s beloved mountain, turned into a poem. The study of its imitabal harmony, covering every level of the text, would be in vain if one were to neglect the spiritual aspirations of the poet, his attention to the secret of the Being, incarnated by the mountain. But we must hesitate in designating the nature of this secret: the truth of a mystical order; or, on the contrary, that of the violence lodged deep in every man, a violence which the mountain might resemble?
Pour en finir avec la prétendue synonymie de pareil et identique
Authors: Corteel Céline
Published: August 2013

The goal of this paper is to tease apart the semantic differences between pareil and identique. After a brief discussion of the syntactic and semantic properties shared by the two adjectives, attention is given to data illustrating their specificity. It is shown that identique is similar to symmetric relational adjectives. In an objective way, identique emphasizes a strong resemblance between distinct entities which usually have the same referential status. By contrast, pareil often serves to point out an asymmetric relationship between two referents, of which one tends to be more virtual than the other. The adjective often expresses a subjective judgment, allowing the speaker to focus (possibly by means of a type) on certain salient properties of a referent.
Chaque fois/toutes les fois + relative
Authors: Theissen Anne
Published: August 2013

This paper deals with the universal quantification operated by fois with chaque and tous les; more specifically, we analyze here the quantifying NP in which fois is determined by a relative clause, such as: chaque/toutes les fois + relative. After describing this anticipating structure, we show that it differs from other corresponding structures containing a standard noun. In the last section, we give preliminary answers to the question raised by the preference of the quantifier tous les for this cataphoric structure.
Les conjonctions concessives à valeur réelle
Authors: Mossberg Mari
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study is to compare the function and use of French and Swedish concessive conjunctions (bien que / quoique / encore que vs. trots att / fast / fastän). The analysis is based on a translation corpus, comprising French and Swedish fiction and non-fiction texts, and their translations into Swedish and French, respectively. It is argued that the semantic variation observed in the data is the result of a general diachronic semantic change including the following steps: nonsubjective > subjective > intersubjective. This reconstructive approach makes it possible to suggest a probable evolutionary path of the French and Swedish conjunctions and to determine their degree of grammaticalisation. The study also investigates differences in the use of the concessive conjunctions in fiction and non-fiction texts.
Reflexiones sobre la estructura narrativa, de Francisco Ayala
Authors: Chicharro Antonio
Published: August 2013

El artículo se propone destacar la vigencia de la teoría ayaliana de la literatura ensayada, desde la perspectiva fenomenológica, en el ensayo Reflexiones sobre la estructura narrativa, publicado en 1970 y reeditado en otras ocasiones, por suministrar medios para la comprensión de la lógica interna de la obra literaria del centenario autor español y, en segundo término, por entender en qué consiste y qué supone el proceso de creación literaria en general y el de estructuras narrativas en particular desde el pensamiento ayaliano. Se estudia el lugar que ocupa este ensayo en el seno de la obra de Ayala, se expone el cuerpo argumental de sus reflexiones y se analiza qué aportan y dónde se asientan las mismas, cuáles son las correspondencias con las teorías literaturológicas de nuestro tiempo, qué relaciones mantienen con las reflexiones sociológicas sobre el arte del mismo autor y, finalmente, cuál es la vigencia de este pensamiento de orientación general sobre el arte literario.
Incorporations hypodermiques et épistémologiques chez Zola
Authors: Duffy L.
Published: August 2013

This article, starting from an identification of key differences between realism and naturalism, develops an argument premised on the implicit metaphorical relationship between body and text expressed in Le Docteur Pascal, the last novel in Émile Zola’s Rougon-Macquart series. It examines aspects of the metaphorical problematics surrounding the incorporation of documentary material into nineteenth-century French fiction, arguing that the documentary novel’s representation of the human body, and of medical practices concerned with the body’s ingestion of substances — specifically, Le Docteur Pascal’s representation of hypodermic injections — functions self-referentially as a way of representing the naturalist text and its incorporation of documentary, extraliterary material.