bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intravitreal implant with dexamethasone as initial monotherapy in diabetic macular edema
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bikbov M.M. , Zainullin R.M. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Kudoyarova K.I. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Kalanov M.R. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of an implant with dexamethasone as a starting monotherapy for macular edema in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. The study included 58 patients (58 eyes) with newly diagnosed diabetic macular edema who had not previously received special ophthalmic treatment. All patients underwent monthly spectral optical coherence tomography of the macular area, as well as visometry and tonometry during the follow-up period (6 months). Results. The maximum therapeutic effect was observed 3 months after the intravitreal injection of the implant with dexamethasone – in 94.8 %, it contributed to the improvement of the architectonics of the retinal layers, the reduction of retinal edema and the increase in visual acuity. At the same time, the most pronounced increase in BCVA averaged up to 0.66 ± 0.1. Conclusion. In the course of this study, it was found that an intravitreal implant with dexamethasone can be recommended for newly diagnosed diabetic macular edema, since in just one injection, resolution of macular edema was achieved and high functional results persisted in 89.6% of patients throughout the entire followup period. Key words: diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, dexamethasone implant.
Our first experience with intravitreal injection of brolucizumab
Authors:   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Budzinskaya M.V. , Plyukhova A.A. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Alkhari L. ,   Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new anti-VEGF drug in the treatment of patients with neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. Material and methods. This study included 12 patients diagnosed with neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration. 7 people had previously received anti-VEGF therapy and 5 patients were primary. All patients received 3 consecutive loading doses of brolucizumab (Visque, NOVARTIS PHARMA STEIN, AG). Results. After the 1st injection of the drug brolucizumab, BCVA increased to 0.52 ± 0.28, after the 3rd injection to 0.57 ± 0.25 (p = 0.047). TCZV after the 1st injection decreased to 389 ± 110.8, after the 3rd 345 ± 114.23 (p= 0.057). Conclusions. According to our first observations, brolucizumab is an effective drug in the treatment of the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration, but further research is needed to study the comparative efficacy with other anti-VEGF drugs, analyze the qualitative characteristics and long-term results of the treatment. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF therapy, brolucizumab, optical coherence tomography.
Microcirculation of the ocular fundus after revascularization of the internal carotid artery in the early postoperative period
Authors:   FSBI “SRI of Eye diseases” Federal State Budgetary Institute «Scientific research institute of Eye diseases», Yusef N.Y. , Semitko S.P. ,   SPCIC Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology, Durzhinskaya M.H. ,   FSBI “SRI of Eye diseases” Federal State Budgetary Institute «Scientific research institute of Eye diseases», Kazaryan E.E. ,   FSBI “SRI of Eye diseases” Federal State Budgetary Institute «Scientific research institute of Eye diseases», Sargsyan A.Z. ,   SPCIC Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology, Sandodze T.S. ,   SPCIC Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology, Ioseliani D.G. ,   SPCIC Scientific and Practical Center for Interventional Cardioangiology, Budzinskaya M.V. ,   FSBI “SRI of Eye diseases” Federal State Budgetary Institute «Scientific research institute of Eye diseases»
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To study the effect of ICA revascularization on the parameters of the fundus microvasculature in patients with clinically significant ICA stenosis in the early postoperative period. Material and methods. Thirty-two patients with hemodynamically significant stenosis (≥ 75 %) of the right or left internal carotid artery (ICA) were studied using OCT angiography. Results. According to the results of OCT angiography before the revascularization procedure, there were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters in the eyes on the side of the stenotic and non-stenotic ICA. In the early postoperative period (3–7 days), an increase in blood flow density and vascular density at the level of the superficial and deep plexuses in the macular region was observed in the ipsilateral eyes (p ≤ 0.05). In the contralateral eyes, after ICA revascularization, there was a partial improvement in microcirculation parameters according to OCT angiography (p ≤ 0.05). Peripapillary blood flow density and vascular density did not change significantly in both eyes. Conclusion. In patients with clinically significant ICA stenosis, ICA revascularization by stenting or CAEA contributed to an effective improvement of retinal microcirculation in both eyes. Keywords: optical coherence tomography-angiography, stenting of the internal carotid artery, revascularization, eye microcirculation.
The use of ranibizumab as a monotherapy for severe forms of retinopathy of prematurity in a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors:   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Sevostyanova M.K. , Astasheva I.B. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Gorev V.V. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Kruglyakov A.Y. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Kononov L.B. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Kaziev S.N. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Currently, the search of the new methods of treatment for such severe vitreoretinal disease as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains relevant. Ranibizumab is the first drug to be approved by the Ministry of Health for the application in Russia. Рurpose. To study the effectiveness of intravitreal use of ranibizumab as monotherapy in children with various stages of ROP. Material and methods. We performed intravitreal introduction of ranibizumab as a monotherapy for ROP in 48 premature infants (96 eyes), among which 45 children were diagnosed with I type of ROP, 3 infants had a post-threshold stage of ROP with the formation of high epiretinal membranes. Results. As a consequence of the conducted studies, we found that the use of intravitreal introduction of ranibizumab in I type of ROP resulted in stabilization of ROP in all children. The complete disappearance of ROP signs after the initial introduction of ranibizumab is observed within 1 to 3 weeks, depending on the intensity of the demarcation ridge. In 1–1.5 months after the initial introduction of ranibizumab, ROP reactivation is registered in 93.3 % of cases. The duration of reactivated ROP ranged from 2 to 6 months. In 8.9 % of cases repeated introduction of ranibizumab was required on average in 7 weeks after the first injection. The introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the post-threshold stage of ROP is advisable, as it leads to the normalization of retinal vessels, relief of edema and exudation, and a decrease in the height and density of epiretinal membranes, which can increase the efficiency and safety of subsequent vitrectomy. Conclusion. The application of ranibizumab in I type of ROP leads to complete regression of ROP signs in all children, followed by the reactivation of the process in 93.3 % of cases and the necessity of repeated introduction of the drug in 8.9 % of cases. In post-threshold ROP the introduction of ranibizumab contributes to the preparation for vitrectomy. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, intravitreal injections, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, ranibizumab.
Dynamics of the diameter of the macular hole after peeling of the internal limiting membrane according to intraoperative optical coherence tomography
Authors:   Ufa research Institute of Eye diseases, Ufa, Zainullin R.M. , Zinnatullin A.A. ,   Ufa research Institute of Eye diseases, Ufa, Hismatullin R.R. ,   Ufa research Institute of Eye diseases, Ufa, Yarmukhametova A.L. ,   Ufa research Institute of Eye diseases, Ufa
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the dynamics of changes in the diameter of the macular hole after removal of the ILM in patients with large-diameter macular holes. Material and methods. Under observation were 16 patients aged 53 to 73 years with idiopathic macular holes (IMH) III–IV stage according to J. Gass classification. Corrected visual acuity averaged 0.1 ± 0.04. The surgical technique was a standard 25G vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling, maculoplasty, and air tamponade of the vitreal cavity. Structural changes in the fovea during surgery were assessed on intraoperative spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) (Leica EnFocus Ultra-HD). The measurement of the IMH diameter was assessed strictly before the ILM pilling and immediately after it. Results. After measurements of the fracture diameter before and after ILM peeling, the following results were obtained: the tear diameter before ILM pilling was 610 ± 115µm, after membrane pilling the tear diameter decreased to 448 ± 61µm. The difference in the IMH diameter before and after ILM peeling was 131 ± 32µm. Conclusions. Pilling of the inner limiting membrane during surgery for large diameter macular holes with tangential traction at the edge of the tear, which leads to an intraoperative reduction in the diameter of the macular hole by 131 ± 32µm. This shows the detection and identification of the ILM on surgical viewing of the IMH. Keywords: idiopathic macular hole, internal limiting membrane, intraoperative OCT.
Outsourcing, Toll Manufacturing, and Custom Synthesis in Chemical Production
Authors: Hochrainer August
Published: April 2022

Outsourcing, for chemical and pharmaceutical companies, means to buy intermediates or active ingredients that are normally produced by the companies themselves. It can also refer to buying new products that the companies have developed. For various reasons, companies want to buy these
products from the outside. Some thoughts in connection with this subject will be discussed below.
State Filling and Stimulated Emission by Colloidal InP/ZnSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Sousa Velosa Filipe , Van Avermaet Hannes , Schiettecatte Pieter , Mingabudinova Leila , Geiregat Pieter , Hens Zeger
Published: April 2022

Colloidal InP-based quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied for luminescent color conversion or electroluminescence, yet the nature of the emitting state remains a matter of debate and reports on stimulated emission by these materials are nearly absent. Here, we investigate the properties of photo-excited InP/ZnSe QDs using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We show that the evolution of the band-edge bleach with increasing exciton number can be interpreted as state filling of the conduction- and valence-band edge states by delocalized electrons and holes. In line with this interpretation, net stimulated emission is observed once the average exciton number exceeds 1. We account for this lower-than-expected gain threshold and for the spectral properties of the gain band by reckoning that the Stokes shift between band-edge absorption and emission is the dominant spectral shift. The underlying exciton-phonon coupling leads to a stimulated emission mechanism, where also single excitons could lead to net optical gain. To fully profit from this advantageous stimulated emission scheme, we argue that InP/ZnSe QDs with more narrow emission lines are needed and spurious trapping of electron-hole pairs at high exciton numbers must be suppressed, for example by better controlling the composition of the core/shell interface.
Diphenyldihydropentalenediones: Potential Singlet Fission Materials with High Triplet Energy Levels
Authors: Nagaoka Tomoki , Matsui Yasunori , Fuki Masaaki , Ogaki Takuya , Ohta Eisuke , Kobori Yasuhiro , Ikeda Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3,6-diphenyl-2,5-dihydropentalene-1,4-dione (PD-H) was developed as a new molecular framework for singlet fission (SF) materials. It was proposed that PD-H and related substances would have high energy level of the triplet-excited state (ET) as a result of the enforcement of molecular planarity through incorporation of ring-fusion constrained diene and avoidance of resonance caused by the presence of amide moieties in the diketopyrrolopyrrole core. Three members of this family (PDs), PD-H, PD-OCH3 (the 4-methoxyphenyl derivative), and PD-CF3 (the 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl derivative), were synthesized. The results of photophysical studies revealed that the energy level of singlet-excited state (ES) and ET of PD-H are 2.88 and 1.43 eV, respectively. These values indicate that PD-H has the energy relationship, ES > 2ET, required for it to be a singlet fission material. Moreover, introduction of electron-donating or -withdrawing groups on the benzene rings in PD-H enable fine-tuning of ES and ET while maintaining ES > 2ET. The results of transient absorption spectroscopic studies show that PD-H, PD-OCH3, and PD-CF3 in CH2Cl2 have respective T1 lifetimes of 54, 94, and 108 microsec, which are long enough to utilize its triplet energy as an excitation energy in other optoelectronic systems. These findings suggest that diphenyldihydropentalenediones are potential candidates for SF materials with high ET levels.
Temporal stimulus patterns drive differentiation of a synthetic coacervate
Authors: Kubota Ryou , Torigoe Shogo , Hamachi Itaru
Published: April 2022

The fate of living cells often depends on their processing of temporally modulated information, such as the frequency and duration of various signals. Synthetic stimulus-responsive systems have been intensely studied for >50 y, but it is still challenging for chemists to create artificial systems that can decode dynamically oscillating stimuli and respond in the systems’ properties/functions, because of the lack of sophisticated reaction networks that are comparable with biological signal transduction. Here we report morphological differentiation of synthetic dipeptide-based coacervates in response to light pulse frequency. We designed a simple cationic diphenylalanine peptide derivative to enable formation of coacervates. The coacervates concentrated an anionic methacrylate monomer and a photo-initiator, which provided a unique reaction environment and facilitated light-triggered radical polymerisation—even in air. Pulsed light irradiation at 9.0 Hz (but not at 0.5 Hz) afforded anionic polymers. This frequency dependence is attributable to the competition of reactive radical intermediates between the methacrylate monomer and molecular oxygen. The frequency-dependent polymer formation enabled the coacervates to differentiate in terms of morphology and internal viscosity, with an ultrasensitive switch-like mode. Our achievements will facilitate rational design of smart supramolecular soft materials and are insightful regarding the origin of life.
Decarbonylative Reductive Coupling of Aromatic Esters by Nickel and Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Peng Yunfei , Isshiki Ryota , Muto Kei , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: April 2022

Ni or Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative reductive couplings of aromatic esters were developed. A range of (hetero)aromatic esters was applicable to these reductive homocoupling reactions. Moreover, it was found that Pd-catalysis enables a reductive decarbonylative cross-coupling between two different aromatic esters to afford a nonsymmetrical biaryls system.
Renewed «Isoxazoline Route» for the Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Ketones
Authors: Ushakov Pavel , Ioffe Sema , Sukhorukov Alexey
Published: April 2022

In this work, the «isoxazoline route» to aldols involving the [3+2]-cycloaddition of nitrile oxide to alkenes and hydrogenolysis of oxime group was revisited. To avoid regioselectivity issues, [4+1]-annulation of nitroalkenes with sulfonium ylides was used to construct the isoxazoline ring bearing an N-oxide moiety. Subsequent deoxygenative C-H functionalization using Boekelheide rearrangement and hydrogenolysis of the isoxazoline ring afforded α’-acyloxy-substituted aldols, which are difficult to access both by classical aldol reaction and the «isoxazoline route». The products are formed in good to high overall yields and as single diastereomers in most cases. The synthetic use of these aldols was showcased by their smooth transformation into diastereomerically pure triols and a 2,3-diaryl-4-hydroxy-substituted tetrahydrofurane derivative, which is structurally related to Cinncassin B.
The Effect of EGFR, P16 and Ki67 Expression on Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: KARABAĞ Sevil , İSAL ARSLAN Ayşegül , ERSÖZLÜ Tolga
Published: April 2022

Objective: HPV and EGFR expression status may be utilized as an independent prognostic factor owing to the different clinical and demographic characteristics head and neck cancers. In the study, it was aimed to investigate the association between EGFR, p16 and ki67 expression and survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Materials and Methods: A total of 43 patients with SCC of the head and neck region were included in the study. EGFR, p16 and Ki67 were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. The association between these markers and survival was investigated.Results: EGFR expression was detected in 14 cases (32.5%), Staining with p16 was positive in 20 cases (46.5%). Mean duration of follow up was 32 months. There was a statistically significant difference between ki67 proliferation indices of patients who survived and those who died (p=0.037). Survival was significantly shorter in EGFR positive patients compared to those negative for EGFR expressions (p=0.037). Mean survival was 30 months in the 20 p16 positive patients and 33.5 months in p16 negative patients (p=0.847).Conclusion: This study supports that EGFR and Ki67 may be important markers to predict prognosis and survival in patients with head and neck SCC.
Acute Effects on Some Performance Parameters of The Dry Cupping Therapy by Soccer Players
Authors: ULUDAĞ Veysel , YAPICI ÖKSÜZOĞLU Ayşegül
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study aimed to examine the acute effect of dry cupping therapy applied to the hamstring muscle in footballers on flexibility, jumping, strength and range of motion.Materials and Methods: 25 male athletes with an average age of 18.80 ± 0.41 in the U-19 football team, one of the infrastructure teams of Yukatel Denizlispor club, voluntarily participated in this study. Soccer players first evaluated flexibility, range of motion, jumping and strength tests bilaterally. All athletes were administered a 10-minute dry cupping along the muscle bilaterally to the hamstring muscle after their initial change. Then all initial assessments were repeated and data recorded.Results: Dry cupping therapy was found to have a statistically significant effect on the flexibility parameter of the hamstring muscle and bilateral evaluated knee flexion and hip extension range of motion (p>0.05). Dry cupping therapy was found to have no statistically significant effect on the strength parameters of knee flexion and hip extension, which were evaluated bilaterally and jumping parameters (p>0.05).Conclusion: We concluded that, dry cupping therapy is a useful method as a non-invasive, easy-to-apply and economical complementary medicine application to increase flexibility and range of motion parameters in football players.
Average, and Maximum Ureteral Wall Thickness are Predictor Factor for Ureteroscopy Outcomes?
Authors: DEMİR Murat , DÜNDAR İlyas , ERYILMAZ Recep , ASLAN Rahmi , ERTAŞ Kasım , DURMAZ Fatma , SEVİM Mehmet , KÖRPE Kadir , TAKEN Kerem
Published: April 2022

Objective: The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of average and maximum ureteral wall thicknesses measured by computed tomography before the operation on ureteroscopy results.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 103 patients who underwent ureteroscopy for ureteral stones between July and December 2021. The maximum ureteral wall thickness in the region of the ureteral stone and the average of the ureteral wall thicknesses measured from the 3-6-9-12 lines were calculated by non-contrast computed tomography. The operation time, residual stone, double j insertion status, and intraoperative complication status were examined according to the average ureteral wall thickness and maximum wall thickness.Results: Of the 103 patients included in the study, 77 were male, and 26 were female. The mean age of the patients was 43.83±15.11 years. The mean stone length was 10.76±3.84 mm. The average ureteral wall thickness was 3.81±1.24 mm, while the maximum ureteral wall thickness was 4.9±1.8 mm. It was found that as the maximum, and average ureteral wall thickness increased, the operation time, residual stone, double insertion rate, and post-ureteroscopic lesion scale grade increased (p<0.05).Conclusion: Maximum and average ureteral wall thicknesses are predictive factors for ureteroscopy results.
COVID-19 Pandemisinden Aklımızda Ne Kaldı? Yeni Bir Dalgaya Hazır Mıyız?
Authors: FİKRİ Onur , ŞAHİN Selma İlkay , İLERİ FİKRİ Burcu
Published: April 2022

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde farklı uzmanlık branşlarından, farklı hastanelerden hekimlerin katkıları, yaşadıkları zorluklar ve tedavi sürecinde kendilerini ne kadar yeterli hissettikleri, yöneltilen anket sorularıyla gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, 01/11/2021-15/11/2021 tarihleri arasında Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi üroloji ve enfeksiyon hastalıkları kliniklerince oluşturulmuş bir anketin sosyal iletişim ağları kullanılarak ulaşılabilen tüm hekimlere gönderilmesi ve 443 hekimden gelen cevapların değerlendirilmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Katılanların %61,6’sı (n=273) kadın, %38,4’ü (n=170) erkek olmak üzere 443 hekimin %15,3’ü (n=68) 24-30 yaş aralığında, %47’si (n=208) 31-40 yaş aralığında, %24,6’sı (n=109) 41-50 yaş aralığında, %12’si (n=53) 51-60 yaş aralığında, %1,1’i (n=5) 61 yaş ve üzerindedir. Hekimlerin %36,1’i (n=160) COVID-19 pandemi döneminde, hasta takip ve tedavi güncellemelerine dair yüz yüze/çevrimiçi eğitim almıştır. 51 yaş ve üzeri katılımcıların COVID-19 tanılı bir hastanın tedavi değişikliği kararını verme oranı, 24-30 ve 41-50 yaşa göre anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır (p=0,015; p<0,05). Dahili branşlarda uzman hekimlerin COVID-19 tanılı bir hastanın tedavi değişikliği kararını verme oranı, aile hekimliği, cerrahi ve laboratuvar branşlarındaki uzman hekimlere göre anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır (p=0,001; p<0,01).Sonuç: Hekimlerimizin pandeminin her alanında özveriyle çalışmakta olduklarını ancak yeterli hizmet içi güncel bilgi ile kendilerini yenileyemediklerini gözlemledik. Tedavi önerilerinin hızlı değiştiği bir salgında, hizmet içi bilgi akışının daha etkin sürdürülmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Lectura y escritura académica y creativa II: Instrumentos que aportan al desarrollo humano
Authors: Moreira Macías Beatriz Araceli , Villafuerte Holguín Jhonny Saulo , Rodríguez Zambrano Arturo Damián , Andrade Torres María Victoria , Molina Rodríguez María Rafaela , Pérez Plata Lewin José , Alcívar Pincay Gloria Anabel , Corral Joza Karen Elisa , Pantaleón Cevallos Yisela Elizabeth , Aray Arauz Ricardo Adrián , Zambrano Cedeño Víctor Geovanny , Ormaza Sabando Jharol Antonio , Zamora Bravo Marícela del Rosario , Cedeño Rengifo Rosa Liduvina , García Matute Mónica , Vilela Guerrero Adriana Elvira , Washington Gerardo Mendoza Zambrano , Lascano Cedeño Carmen Jained , Cabezas Anchundia Lisbeth Estefanía , Ponce Ocaña Karen , Sánchez Vélez Eliana Marilín , Jerime Josué Delgado López , López Farfán Rómulo Silvino , Pérez Pérez Jordan Alexander , Alava Naranjo Marjorie Karina , Ramírez Rodríguez Wilman Xavier , Tomalá Vélez María de los Ángeles , Garcia Farfan Isabel de los Angeles , López Bermeo Lucy Janeth , Vinces Quiroz Mercedes Elizabeth , Rodriguez Estacio Johanna Patricia , Alvarado Morán Stalin Isaac , Palacios González Jenny , Medranda Rojas Jorge , Campos Alcívar Giorgio , Holguín Rangel Edys Galo , Cañarte Mantuano Luis Oliverio , Pico Benítez Sonia , García Sabando Nixón Froylán
Published: April 2022

Esta obra emerge de los proyectos investigativos y procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje que se suscitan en la academia de Ecuador. Los autores del presente libro tienen muchas cosas en común, pero entre las más relevantes están el ser docentes en niveles de educación superior y contar con la colaboración de estudiantes destacados. Además, todos ellos son apasionados por la investigación socioeducativa, el desarrollo sostenible y están en permanente búsqueda de superación de las problemáticas sociales que persisten. Como muestra de ello, nos encontramos con esta segunda entrega del libro “Lectura y Escritura Académica y Creativa II: Instrumentos que aportan al desarrollo humano”, en el que se esquematizan los resultados de diversas investigaciones que atienden principalmente al cambo educativo. . Estos estudios han organizados en cuatro SECCIÓNes: Sistematizaciones de Experiencias, Estudios de Caso, Historias de Vida y Estudios Multidisciplinares.
Hanefilerde Rumuz Gelenegi ve Kullanılışı
Authors: KAPLAN İlyas
Published: April 2022

Hanefi mezhebi kaynaklarının bize ulaşmasında İmam Muhammed ve Ebû Yusuf öne çıkmaktadır. İmam Muhammed ve sonraki alimlerin eserleri uzun ve tafsilatlı idi. Sonra bu eserleri ihtisar etmek için yeni metinler ve fetva kitapları yazıldı. Metinlerin ve fetva kitaplarında fakih isimleri veya eser isimlerini kısaltmak için rumuzlar kullanılmıştır. Rumuzlarla ilişkili olarak karşımıza kısaltmalar ve naht kelimeleri de çıkmaktadır. Rumuzları klasik eserlerde görmek mümkündür. Kısaltmalar ise günümüzde sıklıkla görülmektedir. Rumuz geleneği sadece Hanefîlerde değil diğer mezhep literatüründe de devam ettirilmiştir. Biz bu araştırmayı sadece Hanefî mezhebindeki fıkıh kitaplarıyla sınırlandırdık. Tespitimize göre Hanefî mezhebinde rumuzları ilk kullanan fakih el-Hidâye adlı eseriyle tanınan Burhânüddîn Alî b. Ebî Bekr b. Abdilcelîl el-Fergânî el-Mergînânî’dir. Rumuz kullanan son Hanefî fakihi ise Muhammed Emîn b. Ömer b. Abdilazîz el-Hüseynî ed-Dımaşkî’dir. Rumuz kullanan fakihler, rumuzları kullanma sebeplerini hangi anlamlarda kullandıklarını eserlerinin başlarında anlatmaktadırlar. Eserlerde rumuz kullanılmasının çeşitli sebepleri vardır. Bazıları mezhep imamlarını, bazıları kitap isimleri ve bazıları da fakih isimlerini rumuz kullanarak eserlerini kaleme almışlardır. Mergînânî, Kitabu’t-Tecnîs ve’l-mezîd eserinde fetva kitap isimlerini, İbnü’s-Sââtî, Mecmau’l-bahreyn ve mülteka’n-neyyireyn isimli eserinde imamların isimlerini ve İbn Âbidîn’in Reddü’l-muhtâr ale’d-Dürri’l-muhtâr isimli eserinde kitap isimleri için rumuz kullanmıştır. Rumuz kullanmanın en önemli sebebi kısaltma, istinsah yoluyla eser ve müellif hakkındaki bilgileri söz konusu eserin okuyucularına aktarılmasıdır. Bu işlem onlara istinsah konusunda ve kullanılan kâğıttan tasarruf konusunda kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Tespit edebildiğimiz kadarı ile rumuz kullanan bazı fakihler kullandıkları rumuz sayısında aşırıya gitmişler, bazıları ise sayısı onu geçmeyecek kadar az rumuz kullanmışlardır. Bu, bir çeşit metin içi atıf gibi kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde de akademik çevreler tarafından kısaltmalar kullanılmaktadır.
Estimation of the performance of automotive engines by the results of their diagnosis under operating conditions
Authors: Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich
Published: April 2022

The need for food supply for the population has been and remains the most important component of the life of the world's population. In connection with the growth of the population, this need will grow. Considering that food production requires enormous and constant work in the bosom of the Earth's biosphere, measures are being taken to alleviate working conditions, increase its efficiency, safety and efficiency. In this regard, the growth of electromechanization and automation of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex is an inevitability not only of the past, but also of the current century. With regard to agricultural production, the decisive factor in this direction is the use of mobile agricultural units with piston motor tractor engines. The latter are characterized by the peculiarity of reducing efficiency as they approach the amortization period, up to complete failure (i.e., termination of performance). In this regard, specialists are developing methods and tools for diagnosing the operability of auto-tractor engines in order to restore it in a timely manner. For this purpose, an innovative device has been proposed for diagnosing the operability of these engines. The article provides a diagram of the device, a description of the principle of its operation to achieve the set goal under operating conditions. The constituent structural elements of the device are deficient-free and affordable. The device combined with their use is not structurally difficult and allows one to obtain reliable results on assessing the performance of engines according to their measured characteristic indicators under operating conditions.
The biochemical composition of gwizotia (Guizotia abissinica) oil seeds depending on growing conditions
Authors: Prakhova Tatyana Yakovlevna , Gusakova Nataliya Nikolaevna
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a comparative assessment of the content of fatty acids in the oil seeds of Abyssinian Guizotia grown in various agro-climatic regions. The Guizotia seeds grown in contrasting agro-climatic regions had a high and stable yield of 1.38-1.75 t/ha. The fat content in Guizotia seeds varied within 36.51-40.18%. On the rich chernozem soils of the Penza and Tambov regions, the fat content is 39.21 and 38.74%, respectively. A low amount of fat was noted on slightly humus soils of the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions (36.51 and 36.73%). The main component of the fatty acid composition of Abyssinian Guizotia oil is a polyunsaturated fatty acid - linoleic, the content of which reaches a high value from 65.85 to 80.01%. Its maximum content reaches in seeds from Penza and Tambov (79.17 and 80.01%). At higher temperatures and poor soils in North Ossetia-Alania, a decrease in the concentration of this acid to 65.85% was noted. At the same time, the concentration of oleic and palmitic acids increases here to 9.16% and 9.17%, the values of which are 1.2-1.7 and 1.1-1.3 times higher than these figures in other areas. The content of saturated stearic acid ranged from 4.91% (Tambov) to 8.90% (Astrakhan). The concentration of linolenic acid remains at a low level of 0.14-0.39%, with its maximum value in the original seeds grown in the homeland (Ethiopia). The percentage of arachidic acid is 0.12-0.70%, with its maximum in oil seeds grown in the Astrakhan region. Hotter, drier conditions during the growing season of Guizotia tend to increase saturated acids and decrease linoleic acid.
Study of new spring bread wheat cultivar quartet in multi location test according to the KASIB system
Authors: Sibikeev Sergey Nikolaevich , Druzhin Alexander Yevgenyevich
Published: April 2022

The results of the study of a new spring bread wheat cultivar Quartet, production by introgressive breeding for economically useful traits are presented. This cultivar have a combination genes Lr39(=Lr41) (from Aegilops tauschii), Lr19/Sr25 (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L translocation from Agr. elonga-tum) and Lr26/Sr31/Yr9/Pm8 (1BL·1R#1S translocation from S. cereale) It has been established that this cultivar has good adaptability and plasticity both in the conditions of the Saratov region Russia and when tested according to the KASIB system (. This cultivar was not inferior to local cultivar standards, but in many regions significantly exceeded them in grain productivity. At the same time, the cultivar Quartet have the good bread making quality, even though it contains the 1BL·1R#1S translocation from S. cereale. The resistance of the cultivar Quartet to leaf rust populations has been established, both in the Lower Volga region and in Western Siberia and Kazakhstan, as well as to most local stem rust populations, including the dangerous Ug99 race of this pathogen. Cultivar Quartet was slightly affected by powdery mildew. When evaluating this cultivar according to the KASIB system, it gave a differentiated degree of damage by local powdery mildew populations and had a reaction from 0 to 3 points and a degree of damage from 0% to 40%, but it should be noted that Quartet was resistant to most pathogen populations.  Evaluation of a new spring bread wheat cultivar Quartet for a number of agronomic valuable traits and adaptability, revealed the prospects of using a combination of translocations 7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L + 1BL•1R#1S, in combination with chromatin from Aegilops tauschii. At the same time, a compensatory effect of the cultivar L505 was observed in the Quartet, which reduces the negative impact on the quality of flour and dough of 1BL•1R#1S translocation.
Nutrient adequacy and safety of functional lamb enriched with microelements
Authors: Giro Tatiana Mikhailovna , Molchanov Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Kozin Anton Nikolaevich , Andreeva Svetlana Vladimirovna , Giro Anna Valerievna
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies of the amino acid composition and the concentration of trace elements in the meat of sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed when introducing feed additives containing essential trace elements into the diet. It was found that muscle tissue protein is saturated with an extremely important source of energy - alanine, its content varies in the studied groups from 0.71 to 0.76 g / 100 g of the product. The highest iodine content was found in the II - 54.6 ±6.8 mcg/kg and III - 61.5±9.6 mcg/kg experimental groups, the smallest amount of iodine was contained in the meat of animals of the control group.
Positive effect of the probiotic "Vitacell" in combination with asparaginates Co, I, Se on the productivity of laying hens
Authors: Tatarenko Igor Yurievich , Babukhadiya Ketevan Rubenovna , Sharvadze Roini Levanovich
Published: April 2022

One of the pressing problems of animal husbandry in the Amur region is the shortage of important trace elements in animal and bird feed. The purpose of our research is to scientifically substantiate the use of standard compound feeds enriched with Co, I and Se asparaginates, as well as with the enzymatic probiotic “Vitacell”. The paper proves the advantage of their joint use as a feed additive to the standard PK-1 compound feed. Such indicators as live weight, egg production and its intensity, and the effect of additives on the digestibility of organic substances have been studied.
Aeration of hangar type greenhouses during the cold period of the year
Authors: Abramkina Darya  Viktorovna , Fatullaeva Kaminat Muradovna
Published: April 2022

The article presents a calculation of the aeration of a multi-span greenhouse in the cold period of the year with aeration openings areas taken in the warm period of the year. To achieve normalized flow rates of supply and exhaust air, the values of which are different in different sources, aeration calculations were performed at different opening angles of aeration openings.
Economic and biological assessment of Vaccinium angustifolium ait. in Udmurtia
Authors: Zorin Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The work is devoted to the comprehensive study of a new plant for the territory of the Udmurt Republic - Vaccinium angustifolium. Narrow-leaved blueberry is a promising berry shrub for cultivation in Central Russia. The plant is characterized by high winter hardiness and the ability to withstand temperature drops down to –40 °С, it can grow on poor, acidic, waterlogged soils. The aim of the work was to identify the biological characteristics and productivity parameters of V. angustifolium when introduced under the conditions of the Udmurt Republic. The studies were carried out using widely accepted methods. Phenological features, plant growth and development, productivity, frost resistance and winter hardiness were studied, an integral assessment of the viability and prospects of introduction was given. Morphometric characteristics of plants in 2020: plant height – 40.6±3.2 cm, crown diameter – 59.4±3.3 cm, average productivity – 854.7±60.1 g, average berry weight – 0,97±0.10 g. In the conditions of Udmurtia, blueberries showed stable growth with minimal damage to annual shoots and fruit buds in winter. With prolonged low negative temperatures in December in the absence of snow cover, the highest degree of freezing in individual plants was 2 points (weak freezing). According to the long-term assessment of winter hardiness in the field of Udmurtia, narrow-leaved blueberry can be attributed to the group of winter hardy. The use of the integral scale has shown that the introduction of V. angustifolium is promising (prospect group II – promising).
Mechanisms of adaptation of crop production in the regions of the Volga Federal District to the consequences of global climate change
Authors: Neufeld Vasily Voldemarovich , Kadomtseva Marina Evgenievna
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study is to substantiate promising directions for adapting the crop sub-sector of the regions of the Volga Federal District (VFD) to the consequences of global climate change and mechanisms for its provision. The authors considered the natural and climatic features of the territory of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation, studied the structure of crop producers. The indicators of crop yields are analyzed. A list of weather risks that are most often manifested in the regions of the Volga Federal District has been determined. Data are presented on the yield losses of spring wheat in dry years in the context of the federal districts of the Russian Federation from 1950 to 2020. An idea is obtained about the change in land use parameters in the medium and long term. The results obtained served as a rationale for such adaptive mechanisms of state support for the agro-industrial complex, such as insurance of agricultural risks, subsidizing reclamation work for all categories of small businesses, and allocating additional budgetary funds for the purchase of mineral (nitrogen and phosphorus) fertilizers. It is proposed to correct the list of subjects of the Russian Federation, the territories of which are classified as unfavorable for agricultural production, and include the Saratov and Orenburg regions in it. In these regions, a significant part of the territory is occupied by a semi-desert zone, and the sharp continental climate has become more pronounced. It is substantiated that the totality of the proposed measures will contribute to the accelerated adaptation of regional agrosystems to the consequences of global climate change.
Fatty acid composition of hemp seed oil during its cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Gushchina Vera Alexandrovna , Smirnov Anton Dmitrievich , Sologub Natalya Nikolaevna , Sologub Ivan Igorevich
Published: April 2022

Hemp is predominantly a source of raw material for fiber production. However, hemp oil is also of particular interest, as it is characterized by rare nutritional and medicinal properties. One of the methods that improve the hemp oil quality is the application of microelement fertilizers, which are characterized by low cost, high efficiency and environmental safety. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to study the effect of the period of foliar treatment of technical hemp with microelement fertilizers on the oil content and its fatty acid composition. The oil accumulation is most affected by K - Humate - Na with trace elements and Agree`s "Magnesium", where its content on average over two years was 33.0 %. The greatest effect on oil accumulation was after double foliar top dressing, while the oil content of the seeds reached 32.7%. In hemp oil, 18 fatty acids have been identified, and their proportion in quantitative terms has also been established. The share of hard-to-digest saturated fatty acids accounts for 9.446%. The total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was 70.503% with a predominance of linoleic (55.65%) and ?-linolenic (14.853%) acids. Of the monounsaturated ones, oleic acid is the most represented (15.033%). In hemp oil, the most favorable ratio of ?-6 and ?-3 unsaturated fatty acids is 3.7: 1, which corresponds to the recommendations of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences for the diet of a healthy person.
Hematological blood parameters of pure blood and cross-bred sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed
Authors: Molchanov Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Egorova Karina Alekseevna , Svetlov Vladislav Vladimirovich
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a biochemical and morphological analysis of the pure blood and cross-bred sheep of the Edilbaevsky breed, born in different seasons of the year. The blood parameters of the animals of the studied groups studied by us were within the physiological norm, but there were some differences between the groups. It was found that the redox processes in the body of sheep of the cross-breed group were more intense than in peers of the same group, which in turn affected higher indicators of their productivity.
Device for water treatment and water purification
Authors: Naumova Olga Valerievna , Spiridonova Elena Vladimirovna , Katkov Danila Sergeevich
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the problems of water purification and organization of water treatment for engineering systems. Well-known methods of water treatment, such as mechanical, electrophysical, chemical, are not always able to ensure the quality of water in heat supply systems. Modern trends in the development of industry are aimed at the modernization of technological equipment in terms of the implementation of new progressive technologies. For the efficient operation of water heaters and to reduce heat losses in the heating and water supply system of the building, it is necessary to minimize scale deposits on the inner surface of the pipes. The article describes the principle of operation of an energy-combined liquid treatment device that can intensify the process of activation, disinfection and water purification. It is possible to improve the water quality by using a combined system that includes the effect of a high-voltage discharge pulse, cavitation and a magnetic field. Exposure to the liquid by a discharge pulse leads to the death of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as to ensure the emancipation of impurity ingredients. During magnetic treatment, the calcium, silicon and magnesium ions dissolved in water lose their ability to salt formation, and the impurities in the water are present in a suspended state. The magnetic field combines the suspensions contained in the water, the process of coagulation of impurity inclusions is observed, which after processing do not settle on the surfaces of pipelines, heat exchangers and other equipment. It is worth noting the high efficiency in cleaning and filtering various particles of polluting impurities, despite the fact that in most cases these impurities consist of completely non-magnetic materials. The use of the proposed method is of great interest in obtaining water of a high degree of purification for the chemical, microbiological and electronic industries.
Analysis of fire safety at agricultural facilities with mass stay of people and their protection
Authors: Savelyev Anatoly Petrovich , Shkrabak Vladimir Stepanovich , Shkrabak Roman Vladimirovich , Чугунов Mikhail Nikolaevich , Enaleeva Svetlana Anatolievna , Povernova Natalia Evgenievna
Published: April 2022

This article presents the results of the analysis of fire safety at one of the objects with a mass stay of people (the cafe building), which revealed significant violations. This analysis can be used as the basis for measures to bring this and similar objects in compliance with fire safety requirements.
THE AMERICAN CONTINENT HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND THE SUSTAINABILITY: A REVIEW
Authors: Naranjo-Silva Sebastian , Alvarez del Castillo Javier
Published: April 2022

The present review compares and takes the main ideas around hydropower development in eight countries of the American continent, identifying its advantages and disadvantages, showing a vision concerning sustainability. It is conclusive that there are impacts for each megawatt produced with hydropower, and the generation structure that uses the water resource of natural currents is not highly clean. Moreover, there is the mistaken criterion for developing a renewable hydropower project related to sustainability, a wrong approach, as demonstrated with the review. The examination in the eight countries of America some analyzes and the most concludes that, before considering a construction with thousands of dollars of investment and water contained in dams, the social and environmental analysis must respond to the restrictions on building new hydropower projects, promoting other unconventional renewable energy sources development. It is recommended to determine an objective quantitative approach of hydropower combining hydrology, energy efficiency, and interaction scenarios of future climate change to know the best energy grids diversifying balanced renewable and no renewable sources for each country.
Penilaian Cepat : Strategi Manajemen Logistik Di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit X Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Yasrizal Meutia Arini , Darmawan Ede Surya
Published: April 2022

Pengelolaan persediaan farmasi dilakukan dalam sebuah siklus berkesinambungan, yaitu siklus logistik yang sejalan dengan fungsi-fungsi dari manajemen logistik. Proses tersebut dimulai dari perencanaan kebutuhan, penganggaran, pengadaan, penyimpanan, pengdistribusian, penarikan, pemusnahan, serta pengendalian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami proses manajemen di unit  logistik Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit (IFRS) dan dapat membuat sebuah strategi dalam pengelolaan logistik farmasi di RS X Kota Bengkulu ini. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dengan melakukan analisis data hasil observasi serta wawancara berjenjang pada kepala gudang logistik farmasi, staff asisten apoteker farmasi, kepala IFRS, wakil direktur penunjang pelayanan medis, serta penilaian pada sistem operasional prosedur yang ada pada IFRS  pada RS X yang dilakukan pada tahun 2020. Metode triangulasi dalam analisis ini digunakan sebagai konfirmasi serta validasi terhadap data yang sudah dikelola. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter Input dinilai dengan 5M (man, money, material, machine and methode), didapatkan bahwa  SDM yang masih terbatas dinilai dengan uraian tugas dan Analisa beban kerja, dari segi material dan machine sudah sangat baik dengan adanya sistem informasi farmasi pada SIMRS maka memudahkan pendataan bahan-bahan medis yang selesai digunakan dan penggunaan metode sudah disesuaikan dengan SOP pada rumah sakit. Proses yang dinilai dari supply chain management.Kata Kunci: Siklus logistik, farmasi, rumah sakit