bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jockeying for Leadership: Mao and the Sino-Soviet Split, October 1961–July 1964
Authors: Li Danhui , Xia Yafeng
Published: April 2014

In October 1961 the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) adopted a policy of tacit struggle against the program of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). The CPSU's resumption of de-Stalinization alarmed the Chinese leader, Mao Zedong, but he did not yet want to discard a limited rapprochement with Moscow. However, when high-level Sino-Soviet talks in July 1963 collapsed, the relationship between the CPSU and the CCP became irretrievable. Through the subsequent great polemics, the CCP intended to project itself as the spokesman of true Marxism-Leninism and the natural leader of world Communism. After the CCP attacked the top leaders of the CPSU by name, hostility between the two parties intensified. The breakdown of the CCP-CPSU organizational relationship was only a matter of time. Relying on a large array of Chinese-language sources, including records of Chinese leaders' speeches and comments at secret party meetings, this article reassesses the most critical period in the Sino-Soviet split from October 1961 to July 1964.
The Other Battleground of the Cold War: The UN and the Struggle against International Terrorism in the 1970s
Authors: Blumenau Bernhard
Published: April 2014

The 1970s are often associated with East-West détente, talks about the limitation of nuclear and conventional forces, the emergence of the Third World as an increasingly important factor in international relations, and the subsequent erosion of détente and deepening of East-West hostility. However, the 1970s were also a high-water mark of international terrorism—particularly terrorism emanating from the Middle East—and this threat generated action on the part of the leading Western countries. The United Nations (UN) could have been an important forum in which to address this threat and develop responses, but the UN was paralyzed by the differences not only between the Western countries and the Soviet bloc but also between the West and the Third World. The definition of “terrorism” was a particular bone of contention. Nevertheless, despite this inauspicious environment, some achievements proved feasible because of a changing international context that was increasingly hostile to terrorism and the persistence and diplomatic skills of some Western countries, notably West Germany.
Gloria in Profundis: Comparing the Glory of Moses in Sirach to Jesus in the Fourth Gospel
Authors: Gupta Nijay K.
Published: April 2014

Abstract

The glory of Jesus is a leitmotif of the Fourth Gospel and probably reflects both the Shekinah “glory” of Israel’s God revealed in Jesus as well as honor attributed to Jesus by John. The Jewish wisdom teacher Ben Sira also employs glorification language frequently and carefully in Sirach. Bringing these two texts into conversation illuminates the peculiar and unique ways in which John portrayed the identity of Jesus.

In Sirach 45:1-5, in particular, Ben Sira praised the glory of Moses—a man beloved of God, made equal to the angels, great before his enemies, powerful in word, intrepid before kings, sanctified in faithfulness, party to the holy presence of God, and privy to the secret things of God. Given that John also had much interest in Moses comparison and typology, setting these texts side-by-side brings to the forefront the double-nature of the Fourth Gospel’s glory-Christology. On the one hand, the Johannine Jesus offered great demonstrations of power and authoritative teaching. On the other hand, he fared quite the opposite as Ben Sira’s vision of the exalted Moses, especially in John’s passion narrative where Jesus appears frail, weak, shamed, and defeated. Comparing the Moses of Sirach to the Jesus of John’s Gospel especially reveals the Evangelist’s paradoxical theology of gloria in profundis—the humble glory of God demonstrated in Jesus.
Revision of the genus Polymerus (Heteroptera: Miridae) in the Eastern Hemisphere. Part 1: Subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov.
Authors: GAPON D. A.
Published: April 2014

The paper represents the first part of a series dealing with the Eastern Hemisphere species of the genus Polymerus Hahn, 1831 and includes a redescription of the genus and the nominative subgenus, and descriptions of Pachycentrum subgen. nov., P. (Polymerus) russatus sp. nov. and P. (Pachycentrum) unciniger sp. nov. The specific name P. funestus Reuter, 1906 is transferred from the subgenus Poeciloscytus Fieber, 1858 to the nominative subgenus and synonymised with P. pekinensis Horváth, 1901. New combinations for seven African, Indian, and Australian species are proposed: Charagochilus aureus (Ballard, 1927) comb. nov., Ch. bimaculatus (Poppius, 1910) comb. nov., Ch. consanguineus (Distant, 1904) comb. nov., Ch. flavipes (Distant, 1904) comb. nov., Ch. madagascariensis (Poppius, 1914) comb. nov., Ch. obscuratus (Poppius, 1914) comb. nov., Proboscidocoris solitus (Walker, 1873) comb. nov. The species Polymerus nitidus (Odhiambo, 1959) is returned to the genus Proboscidocoris. Five African and Arabian species are included in the new genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov.: D. alkadanum (Linnavuori & van Harten, 2005) comb. nov., D. flora (Linnavuori & van Harten, 2005) comb. nov., D. longirostre (Reuter, 1905) comb. nov., D. ornatifrons (Odhiambo, 1959) comb. nov. and D. transvaalicum sp. nov. The specific name Polymerus xerophilus Linnavuori, 1975 syn. nov. is synonymised with D. ornatifrons comb. nov. Key, diagnoses, data on distribution, and illustrations of the parameres, entirely inflated vesica and the gynatrium are provided for all recognised species from the subgenera Polymerus, Pachycentrum subgen. nov. and the genus Dichelocentrum gen. nov.
Process-Oriented MJO Simulation Diagnostic: Moisture Sensitivity of Simulated Convection
Authors: Kim Daehyun , Xavier Prince , Maloney Eric , Wheeler Matthew , Waliser Duane , Sperber Kenneth , Hendon Harry , Zhang Chidong , Neale Richard , Hwang Yen-Ting , Liu Haibo
Published: April 2014

Process-oriented diagnostics for Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) simulations are being developed to facilitate improvements in the representation of the MJO in weather and climate models. These process-oriented diagnostics are intended to provide insights into how parameterizations of physical processes in climate models should be improved for a better MJO simulation. This paper proposes one such process-oriented diagnostic, which is designed to represent sensitivity of simulated convection to environmental moisture: composites of a relative humidity (RH) profile based on precipitation percentiles. The ability of the RH composite diagnostic to represent the diversity of MJO simulation skill is demonstrated using a group of climate model simulations participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). A set of scalar process metrics that captures the key physical attributes of the RH diagnostic is derived and their statistical relationship with indices that quantify the fidelity of the MJO simulation is tested. It is found that a process metric that represents the amount of lower-tropospheric humidity increase required for a transition from weak to strong rain regimes has a robust statistical relationship with MJO simulation skill. The results herein suggest that moisture sensitivity of convection is closely related to a GCM’s ability to simulate the MJO.
Polar Amplification in CCSM4: Contributions from the Lapse Rate and Surface Albedo Feedbacks
Authors: Graversen Rune G. , Langen Peter L. , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: April 2014

A vertically nonuniform warming of the troposphere yields a lapse rate feedback by altering the infrared irradiance to space relative to that of a vertically uniform tropospheric warming. The lapse rate feedback is negative at low latitudes, as a result of moist convective processes, and positive at high latitudes, due to stable stratification conditions that effectively trap warming near the surface. It is shown that this feedback pattern leads to polar amplification of the temperature response induced by a radiative forcing. The results are obtained by suppressing the lapse rate feedback in the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The lapse rate feedback accounts for 15% of the Arctic amplification and 20% of the amplification in the Antarctic region. The fraction of the amplification that can be attributed to the surface albedo feedback, associated with melting of snow and ice, is 40% in the Arctic and 65% in Antarctica. It is further found that the surface albedo and lapse rate feedbacks interact considerably at high latitudes to the extent that they cannot be considered independent feedback mechanisms at the global scale.
Disentangling the Multiple Sources of Large-Scale Variability in Australian Wintertime Precipitation
Authors: Maher Penelope , Sherwood Steven C.
Published: April 2014

Precipitation is influenced by multiple large-scale natural processes. Many of these large-scale precipitation “drivers” are not independent of one another, which complicates attribution. Moreover, it is unclear whether natural interannual drivers alone can explain the observed longer-term precipitation trends or account for projected precipitation changes with global warming seen in climate models. Separating the main interannual drivers from processes that may prevail on longer time scales, such as a poleward circulation shift or increased specific humidity, is essential for an improved understanding of precipitation variability and for making longer-term predictions.

In this study, an objective approach to disentangle multiple sources of large-scale variability is applied to Australian precipitation. This approach uses a multivariate linear independence model, involving multiple linear regressions to produce a partial correlation matrix, which directly links variables using significance thresholds to avoid overfitting. This is applied to regional winter precipitation in Australia as a test case, using the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and Australian Water Availability Project datasets. Traditional drivers and several drivers associated with the width of the tropics are assessed.

The results show that the web of interactions implied by correlations can be simplified using this multivariate linear independence model approach: the total number of apparent precipitation drivers was reduced in each region studied, compared to correlations meeting the same statistical significance. Results show that the edge of the tropics directly influences regional precipitation in Australia and also has an indirect influence, through the interaction of the subtropical ridge and atmospheric blocking. These results provide observational evidence that changes associated with an expansion of the tropics reduce precipitation in subtropical Australia.
Evaluation of Skewness and Kurtosis of Wind Waves Parameterized by JONSWAP Spectra
Authors: Annenkov S. Y. , Shrira V. I.
Published: April 2014

The authors consider the deviations of wave height statistics from Gaussianity, manifested in higher statistical moments of random wind-wave fields, namely, in the nonzero values of the skewness and the kurtosis. These deviations are examined theoretically under the standard set of assumptions used in the established statistical theory of water waves, in particular in the derivation of the Hasselmann kinetic equation. P. Janssen proposed integral representations of the skewness and the kurtosis in terms of multidimensional integrals of wave spectra. However, the use of these representations for broadband wind-wave fields proved to be challenging; it requires substantial computational resources, which is unsuitable for applications. Using specially designed parallel algorithms to evaluate the integrals, the authors provide a comprehensive picture of the behavior of the kurtosis and the skewness of wind waves in the multidimensional parameter space of the most commonly used Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) parameterizations of wind-wave spectra. Except for very narrow angular distributions where the overall picture is qualitatively different, the behavior of the higher moments proved to be not sensitive to the particular form of the directional spectrum. On this basis for the broad angular spectra typical of the ocean, the study puts forward simple parameterizations of the skewness and the kurtosis in terms of the JONSWAP peakedness parameter γ and in terms of the inverse wave age. These parameterizations can be used in operational wave forecasting and other applications.
A Bistatic Phased-Array Doppler Sonar for Wave–Current Research
Authors: Smith Jerome A.
Published: April 2014

Wave breaking and wave-forced flows are important to air–sea interactions and to the transport and dispersal of materials at sea. But recent measurements have shown a discrepancy in the Eulerian response to wave groups compared to scientists’ current theoretical understanding of wave–current interactions. Flow structures on scales of centimeters to meters occur underneath breaking waves, and larger-scale flows are driven by wave–current interactions (e.g., Langmuir circulation, alongshore flows). Such details of the vertically resolved flow are just beginning to be modeled, and observational guidance is needed. Here a new instrument is described that is intended to measure waves and currents over a 2D vertical plane underwater, resolving two components of velocity on this plane. Initial observations were made near the Scripps Pier (La Jolla, California), where steep waves and strong currents can be reliably found, yet logistics are not too burdensome. To get the spatial resolution desired using 200-kHz sound, ping-to-ping “coherent processing” would have be used for Doppler estimation; however, near shore the reverberations remain too strong for far too long to get any coherence, unlike the previous experience in deep water. In view of this, using much higher frequencies (>1 MHz) with “incoherent processing” is suggested; the increased attenuation at higher frequencies then would subdue the reverberation problem, but with comparable space–time resolution.
Measuring Stratospheric H2O with an Airborne Spectrometer
Authors: Shahabadi Maziar Bani , Huang Yi
Published: April 2014

This study examines the ability of an infrared spectral sensor flying at the tropopause level for retrieving stratospheric H2O. Synthetic downwelling radiance spectra simulated by the line-by-line radiative transfer model are used for this examination. The potential of high-sensitivity water vapor retrieval is demonstrated by an ideal sensor with low detector noise, high spectral resolution, and full infrared coverage. A suite of hypothetical sensors with varying specifications is then examined to determine the technological requirements for a satisfactory retrieval. This study finds that including far infrared in the sensor’s spectral coverage is essential for achieving accurate H2O retrieval with an accuracy of 0.4 ppmv (1-sigma). The uncertainties in other gas species such as CH4, N2O, O3, and CO2 do not significantly affect the H2O retrieval. Such a hyperspectral instrument may afford an advantageous tool, especially for detecting small-scale lower-stratospheric moistening events.
Influence of Assimilating Surface Observations on Numerical Prediction of Landfalls of Hurricane Katrina (2005) with an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Zhang Hailing , Pu Zhaoxia
Published: April 2014

A series of numerical experiments are conducted to examine the impact of surface observations on the prediction of landfalls of Hurricane Katrina (2005), one of the deadliest disasters in U.S. history. A specific initial time (0000 UTC 25 August 2005), which led to poor prediction of Hurricane Katrina in several previous studies, is selected to begin data assimilation experiments. Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) ocean surface wind vectors and surface mesonet observations are assimilated with the minimum central sea level pressure and conventional observations from NCEP into an Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) using an ensemble Kalman filter method. Impacts of data assimilation on the analyses and forecasts of Katrina’s track, landfalling time and location, intensity, structure, and rainfall are evaluated. It is found that the assimilation of QuikSCAT and mesonet surface observations can improve prediction of the hurricane track and structure through modifying low-level thermal and dynamical fields such as wind, humidity, and temperature and enhancing low-level convergence and vorticity. However, assimilation of single-level surface observations alone does not ensure reasonable intensity forecasts because of the lack of constraint on the mid- to upper troposphere. When surface observations are assimilated with other conventional data, obvious enhancements are found in the forecasts of track and intensity, realistic convection, and surface wind structures. More importantly, surface data assimilation results in significant improvements in quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) during landfalls.
Coming to Terms with Intersubjectivity
Authors: Litowitz Bonnie E.
Published: April 2014

Recent reports of clinical experiences, from multiple theoretical perspectives using different terminologies, converge on the topic of the origin and nature of intersubjectivity as it emerges in clinical interactions. Intersubjectivity is explored from the point of view of language and communication, and the distinctive properties of language that create a shared intrapsychic world, on which intersubjectivity subtends, are discussed. This viewpoint can explain behavior and pathologies that arise from the struggle to maintain one’s personal subjectivity in an intersubjective world. Understanding the role and functions of language may also illuminate the therapeutic benefits of talk-based therapies.
Saliva-Microbe Interactions and Salivary Gland Dysfunction
Authors: Baker O.J. , Edgerton M. , Kramer J.M. , Ruhl S.
Published: April 2014

Adequate salivary secretion is crucial to both oral and general health, since it provides a complex milieu for support of the microbial populations of the mouth, while at the same time containing antimicrobial products that help control these microbial populations. This paper summarizes several aspects of salivary component function, gland secretion mechanisms, and immuno-pathogenesis as related to oral health and disease. Salivary components mediate microbial attachment to oral surfaces, and also interact with planktonic microbial surfaces to facilitate agglutination and elimination of pathogens from the oral cavity. Adhesive interactions are often mediated by lectin-like bacterial proteins that bind to glycan motifs on salivary glycoproteins. An important salivary antimicrobial protein is histatin 5 (Hst 5), which shows potent and selective antifungal activity and also susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Coupling of Hst 5 with the carrier molecule spermidine significantly enhanced killing of C. albicans and resistance to proteolytic degradation, compared with the parent peptide. Loss of salivary secretion may be caused by disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or ectodermal dysplasia, or may be a side-effect of radiation therapy. Two new approaches to the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction include the use of resolvins and the creation of differentiated acinar structures to construct an artificial salivary gland. B-cells contribute to the pathogenesis of SS by releasing cytokines and autoantibodies and by influencing T-cell differentiation. CXCL13, a potent B-cell chemokine associated with autoimmune diseases, is elevated locally and systemically in SS and may represent a novel biomarker or therapeutic target in the management and treatment of SS.
Anxiety and Depression in Children With Nonverbal Learning Disabilities, Reading Disabilities, or Typical Development
Authors: Mammarella Irene C. , Ghisi Marta , Bomba Monica , Bottesi Gioia , Caviola Sara , Broggi Fiorenza , Nacinovich Renata
Published: April 2014

The main goal of the present study was to shed further light on the psychological characteristics of children with different learning disability profiles aged between 8 and 11 years, attending from third to sixth grade. Specifically, children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), reading disabilities (RD), or a typical development (TD) were tested. In all, 15 children with NLD, 15 with RD, and 15 with TD were administered self-report questionnaires to assess different types of anxiety and depression symptoms. Both NLD and RD children reported experiencing more generalized and social anxiety than TD, the NLD children reported more severe anxiety about school and separation than TD, and the children with RD had worse depressive symptoms than those with NLD or TD.
Efficient Models for Cognitive Diagnosis With Continuous and Mixed-Type Latent Variables
Authors: Hong Hyokyoung , Wang Chun , Lim Youn Seon , Douglas Jeff
Published: April 2014

The issue of latent trait granularity in diagnostic models is considered, comparing and contrasting latent trait and latent class models used for diagnosis. Relationships between conjunctive cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) with binary attributes and noncompensatory multidimensional item response models are explored, leading to a continuous generalization of the Noisy Input, Deterministic “And” Gate (NIDA) model. A model that combines continuous and discrete latent variables is proposed that includes a noncompensatory item response theory (IRT) term and a term following the discrete attribute Deterministic Input, Noisy “And” Gate (DINA) model in cognitive diagnosis. The Tatsuoka fraction subtraction data are analyzed with the proposed models as well as with the DINA model, and classification results are compared. The applicability of the continuous latent trait model and the combined IRT and CDM is discussed, and arguments are given for development of simple models for complex cognitive structures.
Motivational Interviewing to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in African Americans Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Chlebowy Diane Orr , El-Mallakh Peggy , Myers John , Kubiak Nancy , Cloud Richard , Wall Mary Patricia
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a motivational interviewing intervention (MII) on regimen adherence and diabetes markers among African Americans with diabetes. Sixty-two participants were assigned to the usual care (UC; n = 36) or MII ( n = 26) groups. UC participants received the usual clinic care. MII participants received a maximum of six motivational interviewing (MI) sessions over 3 months. Outcome variables were obtained at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Data were obtained using medical records, self-reports, and glucose monitor and accelerometer print-outs. MII significantly increased the odds of participants adhering to recommended physical activity level (66.7% vs. 38.8%, odds ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval = [1.6, 14.3], p = .018) and significantly decreased glucose levels ( p = .043) and body mass index ( p = .046) over time when compared with UC. Findings support using MI as an intervention for improving health outcomes and regimen adherence rates among the study population.
Novel Indocyanine Green–Phytate Colloid Technique for Sentinel Node Detection in Head and Neck: Mouse Study
Authors: Araki Koji , Mizokami Daisuke , Tomifuji Masayuki , Yamashita Taku , Ohnuki Kazunobu , Umeda Izumi O. , Fujii Hirofumi , Kosuda Shigeru , Shiotani Akihiro
Published: April 2014

Objective

Sentinel node navigation surgery using real‐time, near‐infrared imaging with indocyanine green is becoming popular by allowing head and neck surgeons to avoid unnecessary neck dissection. The major drawback of this method is its quick migration through the lymphatics, limiting the diagnostic time window and undesirable detection of downstream nodes. We resolved this problem by mixing indocyanine green (ICG) with phytate colloid to retard its migration and demonstrated its feasibility in a nude mouse study.

Study Design

Experimental prospective animal study.

Settings

Animal laboratory.

Subjects and Methods

Indocyanine green at 3 concentrations was tested to determine the optimal concentration for sentinel lymph node detection in a mouse model. Effect of indocyanine green with phytate colloid mixture solutions was also analyzed. Indocyanine green or mixture solution at different mixing ratios were injected into the tongue of nude mice and near‐infrared fluorescence images were captured sequentially for up to 48 hours. The brightness of fluorescence in the sentinel lymph node and lymph nodes further downstream were assessed.

Results

Indocyanine green concentration >50 μg/mL did not improve sentinel lymph node detection. The addition of phytate colloid to indocyanine green extended the period when sentinel lymph node was detectable. Second echelon lymph nodes were not imaged in mice injected with the mixture, while these were visualized in mice injected with indocyanine green alone.

Conclusion

This novel technique of ICG–phytate colloid mixture allows prolonged diagnostic time window, prevention of downstream subsequent nodes detection, and improved accuracy for the detection of true sentinel lymph nodes.
Delayed Sino‐nasal Complications of Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Alon Eran E. , Lipschitz Noga , Bedrin Lev , Gluck Iris , Talmi Yoav , Wolf Michael , Yakirevitch Arkadi
Published: April 2014

Objective

There are only sporadic reports of delayed sino‐nasal complications associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy. These include choanal stenosis, osteoradionecrosis, chronic sinusitis, and intranasal synechiae. Most likely, these complications are underestimated as in many institutions nasal endoscopies in NPC patients are not performed routinely. The aim of this study was to identify the onset and incidence of delayed sino‐nasal complications in NPC patients and their effect on quality of life (QOL).

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated for NPC in our institution between 1988 through 2009. The inclusion criteria required at least a 3‐year follow‐up without recurrence. Included patients were contacted prospectively and asked to fill a SNOT‐16 questionnaire.

Results

Sixty‐two patients were included in our review. There were 42 males and 20 females. The average age at onset was 42 years. The AJCC staging for T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors was 22 (35%), 11 (18%), 18 (29%), and 11 (18%), respectively. Eleven patients (18%) suffered from chronic sinusitis. Nine patients (15%) developed choanal stenosis. Five patients (8%) developed osteoradionecrosis. Two patients suffered from nasal synechiae. Forty‐eight patients completed the SNOT‐16 questionnaire. Patients with choanal stenosis had the lowest QOL scores out of the cohort.

Conclusion

The incidence of delayed sino‐nasal complications after radiation treatment for NPC is not negligible and should be kept in mind when addressing the quality of life of NPC survivors.
The Role of Self-Efficacy in Sales Education
Authors: Knight Peter , Mich Claudia C. , Manion Michael T.
Published: April 2014

Sales education programs are undergoing rapid growth and dynamic change as more business and other undergraduate students pursue sales jobs as desirable career entry points. The number of collegiate sales programs has grown dramatically over the past decade, and sales educators today are increasingly focused on teaching experientially. That is, they seek to link theory to industry practice to prepare students more effectively for in-demand sales careers. Sales knowledge and sales-related self-efficacy have been established clearly to be determinants of future sales performance in industry. This article is a first step in examining the role self-efficacy plays within the context of sales education. More than 500 students, who have completed or are currently enrolled in at least one sales course at one of approximately 20 colleges, completed an 85-item survey for this study. The responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. The authors recommend specific methods for sales educators to more effectively develop sales knowledge and sales-based self-efficacy so that students are well-prepared to “hit the ground running” in the early stages of their sales careers.
‘Conception Trauma’ of Group Analysis in Serbia
Authors: Mojović Marina , Despotović Tija , Satarić Jelica
Published: April 2014

Traumas that occur at the very beginning or just before the creation of a professional field, seem to be inscribed into their own conception. Bringing such traumatic experience to awareness is usually much more troublesome than those which intrude later into a field. Finding ways to let their contents emerge from being stored in some proto-mental, unthinkable psycho-social areas—and translating them into thinkable forms in search of finding meaning and integration—is a developmental challenge for the field and its organizations. After a brief reminder of the socio-political turbulence in Serbia over the last two decades, we shall give some basic information about the establishment of group analysis in Serbia with examples of traumatic intrusions into those processes. We shall then skip from external issues into the internal space, sharing some illustrative dream contents from the ‘GAS reflection group’, and show how they were helpful in understanding the ‘organizational conception trauma’.
Structural Analysis of the Abridged Big Five Circumplex
Authors: Cohen Erik H. , Deuling Jacqueline K.
Published: April 2014

This study explores the structure of the Big Five personality traits and the relationship of ethnicity and gender to this structure. Data from a previously published study on gender, ethnicity and the Abridged Big Five Circumplex are reanalyzed using Similarity Structure Analysis (SSA).1 This revealed a radex structure in which the pure five factor markers are arranged in a polar configuration, with Agreeableness placed opposite Neuroticism and Conscientiousness opposite Openness and Extraversion. The structure was verified among the entire survey population and among each sub-population by ethnicity and gender. The Agreeableness and Conscientiousness factors were the least stable.
Book Review: Anita Sengupta and Suchandana Chatterjee, eds, Demography and Migration in Asia: Issues and Trends
Authors: Guha Maitrayee
Published: April 2014

Anita Sengupta and Suchandana Chatterjee, eds, Demography and Migration in Asia: Issues and Trends. Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2011, pp. 175. Rs 550.
China and India in the ‘Receding’ Arctic
Authors: Chaturvedi Sanjay
Published: April 2014

In popular, academic and official discourses of climate change, the Circumpolar Arctic—marked by retreating ice, opening sea routes and intense resource geopolitics—has come to embody the greatest challenge humanity has ever faced. Both China and India, appropriately termed as ‘planetary powers’ by some, in view of the global ecological impact and fallout of their fast-growing economies, look able and inclined to be involved in the matters of Arctic governance, but not without inviting wideranging speculations about their motives and agendas. Asia’s ‘rise’ (especially of China and India) is likely to impact the discourse and practices of Arctic governance in a profound manner. The geopolitical rhetoric of Arctic ‘exceptionalism’ appears rather untenable in the face of transformational multiscalar change, growing number of stakeholders, uncertainty and risks. The Circumpolar Arctic with its new access, new opportunities as well as new vulnerabilities demands and deserves a firm commitment to a dialogic politics and enlightened multilateral diplomacy to which both India and China can and should make a meaningful contribution through bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
Energy Use Efficiency of India’s Organised Manufacturing
Authors: Goldar Bishwanath
Published: April 2014

There was a distinct downward trend in energy intensity in Indian manufacturing in the period since 1992. Such a trend is found for aggregate manufacturing and for each of the five two-digit energy intensive industries studied. Based on results of the econometric analysis undertaken, using a Translog production function, it appears that this reduction in energy intensity in Indian manufacturing is attributable, at least in part, to the substitution of energy by capital and accelerated technical change in the period after 1992. The state-level analysis covering eight three-digit energy intensive industries for the period 1998–99 to 2007–08 reveals wide variation across states in terms of the reduction in energy intensity achieved. Econometric analysis of the observed variation brings out the importance of new investment and scale economies for reducing energy intensity. It also shows the importance of entry of new factories in improving energy use efficiency at the industry level.
Optimal Public Policy in a Schumpeterian Model of Endogenous Growth with Environmental Pollution
Authors: Mehra Meeta Keswani , Basu Sujata
Published: April 2014

The article utilises a model of endogenous growth with vertical innovation (á la Aghion–Howitt) to examine how the inclusion of a production-related pollution externality affects the prospect for long-run growth of a closed economy. It is derived that the social optimum exhibits the possibility of long-run sustainable growth, such that consumption, capital stock and output grow without bound, knowledge also grows in an unbounded fashion, and both—the intensity and stock of pollution—fall. In comparison, at the unregulated market equilibrium, a clear conflict arises between sustaining economic growth and environment protection, as growing pollution stock ceases the opportunity for long run growth in output, capital stock and consumption. Finally, in deriving the optimal public policy tool-kit, given the distortions in the unregulated market economy, it is shown that a positive and growing rate of tax on pollution, an ad valorem subsidy on capital and a positive R and D subsidy would implement the socially desirable outcome. However, a theoretical possibility of an optimal tax on R and D cannot be ruled out in an exceptional situation of too low a productivity of the R and D sector.
The Impact of Ambient Particle Pollution During Extreme-Temperature Days in Guangzhou City, China
Authors: Li Guoxing , Jiang Lai , Zhang Yajuan , Cai Yue , Pan Xiaochuan , Zhou Maigeng
Published: April 2014

The aim of this study is to explore whether the effect of PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 µm) on daily mortality was modified by extreme temperatures in Guangzhou from 2005 to 2009. The present study used time-series analysis to explore the modification effects of temperature on the association between PM10 and the cause-specific mortalities for cardiovascular, respiratory, cardiopulmonary, and nonaccidental mortality. The interactions between PM10 and temperature were statistically significant on respiratory mortality. The effect estimates per 10-µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentrations at the moving average of lags of 0 and 1 day on high-temperature days were 2.34% (95% confidence interval = 0.55, 4.16) for nonaccidental, 1.35% (−1.69, 4.48) for cardiovascular, 6.09% (2.42, 9.89) for respiratory, and 3.36% (0.92, 5.86) for cardiopulmonary mortalities. The results suggest that it is important to control and reduce the emission of air particles in Guangzhou, particularly on extreme-high-temperature days.
Sing, Play, and Create
Authors: Mason Emily
Published: April 2014

Young teachers often struggle with pacing and the ability to cover more than one or two songs and activities in a single 30-minute general music class. Included in this article are lesson activities that show it is not only possible to include many of the National Standards in a single lesson, but also possible to sing, play, and create in every lesson. In addition, these fun and exciting activities are appropriate for prekindergarten through sixth-grade music classes and can be achieved in as little as 20 minutes. With deliberate planning, these types of experiences, that include all learners, will not only excite and motivate students, but also set them on a path to transferring knowledge at higher, more complex levels.
Older People’s Perceptions of Remaining Physically Active and Living With Chronic Pain
Authors: Moore Andrew J. , Richardson Jane C. , Sim Julius , Bernard Miriam , Jordan Kelvin P.
Published: April 2014

Active aging, using the conventional sense of activity, might be difficult to achieve for people with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Given that a large number of older people will develop CMP, it is important to consider a broader conceptualization of activity and how this might fit into discourses of aging. We report findings from a study of the experiences of chronic pain in the daily life of 60 older people. In this article we focus on the role and meanings of physical activity for those older people. We develop a typology of styles—deliberate, strategic, and natural—to show how people approached physical activity and how its meaning differed for individuals in different contexts and across their life course. We suggest a more balanced perspective of aging in which “slowing down” might also be a desirable outcome for some older people with CMP but is not incompatible with well-being.
Experimental study on circular eccentric cam–follower pairs
Authors: Ciulli Enrico , Fazzolari Francesco , Piccigallo Bruno
Published: April 2014

Experimental verifications of cam–follower contacts are very important owing to the difficulties faced during a reliable simulation due to the continuous variation of load, speed and geometry of the lubricated contact. Some experiments have been carried out with a new apparatus, specifically designed and realised for investigation on cam–follower and gear teeth contacts, in order to test its capability to measure film thickness and contact forces. Circular eccentric cams have been used because they feature lower transient effects and comparison of the results with the theoretical/numerical ones is easier. The tests have been performed using cams with two different eccentricities and surface roughness, and two different followers, one made of steel and one made of glass. The behaviour of the cam–follower contacts at several different rotational speeds, ranging from 50 to 500 r/min, and different pre-loads have been investigated. Lubrication regimes ranged from boundary to complete, with most of the tests being performed under mixed lubrication conditions. Localised wear has occurred during some tests. Data of all contact force and moment components as well as of the cam shaft driving torque have been acquired at high acquisition frequency. Some methodologies for numerical data elaboration have been identified. Optical interference images have been correctly recorded at the desired frequency. The trends of the normal and friction forces measured in the different tests as well as the evaluated trends of the friction coefficient are presented in the paper. Some sample optical interference images are also shown. The results furnish encouraging indications about the capabilities of the experimental apparatus.
Why good placements matter: Pre-placement and placement risk factors associated with mental health disorders in pre-school children in foster care
Authors: Hillen Thomas , Gafson Leonie
Published: April 2014

Pre-school children placed in local authority care show elevated rates of mental health disorders when compared to the general population. This study investigated risk factors for mental health disorders relating to the period prior to entering care and while in care. A representative sample of 43 children in care aged 0–72 months in an inner London borough underwent comprehensive multidimensional assessments. Presence of emotional, behavioural, attachment and adaptive disorders was ascertained. Exposure to two pre-placement risk factors and six placement risk factors was compared between children with and without a disorder. A total of 26 children (60.5%) had at least one mental health disorder. The two pre-placement risk factors, multiple types of maltreatment and entry into care after the age of 6 months, were both significantly associated with mental health disorders. The three placement risk factors of sudden placement moves, multiple placement moves and child–carer alienation showed a significant association with mental health disorders. There was a strong correlation between the number of risk factors and the number of co-morbid mental health disorders per child ( r = .67, p < .001). In conclusion, this study identified five modifiable risk factors related to the quality of safeguarding and fostering services which showed a significant association with pre-school mental health.
“All over the place”: A case study of classroom multitasking and attentional performance
Authors: Hassoun Dan
Published: April 2014

Media multitasking has become a contested practice in many college classrooms. Students increasingly split their attentions between lecture and personal media, while educators largely view the new screens as fostering disengaged and distracted forms of conduct. Together, teachers and students have developed a series of strategies governing the proper practice of multitasking during lecture. Using interviews and ethnographic field observations, I examine how these strategies of media use operate within one undergraduate classroom. Drawing from this case study, I argue that multitasking reveals a complex series of negotiations between teachers, students, and their co-present environment. Examining these negotiations provides not only a snapshot of how media attention is practiced within the classroom but also suggests ways for instructors to respond to the rise of new technologies within their own classes.
An Always Already Absent Collaboration
Authors: St. Pierre Elizabeth Adams
Published: April 2014

The larger social turn enabled writing process theory in composition and legitimated collaborative writing practices among conscious, present individual authors who exist ahead of the text they write and so collaborate in a certain way. In this article, the author describes a different collaboration enabled by a different ontology in post-humanism when writers are neither authors, nor individual, nor present but always already entangled in an assemblage of reading, writing, and the world.
Les données de santé aux échelons local et régional : quelles méthodes ? Quels apports pour l’action ?
Authors: Massot Christian , Vanlierde Annick , De Ceulaer Frédéric
Published: April 2014

Les données sanitaires peuvent jouer un rôle dans les programmes de promotion de la santé pour orienter les interventions ou sensibiliser les décideurs à la santé dans leur territoire. Différents outils sont disponibles pour diffuser les données sanitaires. Les tableaux de bord présentent un instantané de la situation sociosanitaire d’une population. Ils peuvent être réalisés à différentes échelles : région, province, commune ou de manière transfrontalière, comme ce fut le cas dans le programme « Générations en Santé » qui couvraient les régions françaises Champagne-Ardenne, Picardie, Nord-Pas-de-Calais et les provinces belges Luxembourg, Namur et Hainaut. L’utilisation des données quantitatives se heurtent à deux écueils : la comparabilité entre pays pour le transfrontalier et les fluctuations statistiques pour les petites populations au niveau communal. Les études qualitatives permettent de compléter les données statistiques et d’affiner la connaissance d’une situation. Elles peuvent aussi favoriser une démarche participative.
L’évaluation des plans de santé publique: un levier de changement pour les politiques régionales de santé en France ?
Authors: Jabot Francoise , Marchand Annie-Claude
Published: April 2014

Entre 2007 et 2010, toutes les régions françaises ont réalisé l’évaluation de leur plan de santé publique, au moment même où était engagée une réforme de la gouvernance du système de santé régional. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’influence de cette dynamique d’évaluation sur les politiques de santé aux niveaux régional et national. L’analyse approfondie dans neuf régions montre des retombées à court terme, inégales selon les régions, en fonction notamment, du calendrier de réalisation et du processus d’évaluation mis en place. En revanche, les apprentissages qu’elles ont générés, ont renforcé l’expertise locale utile pour le nouvel exercice de planification. Ces travaux régionaux n’ont pas fait l’objet d’une exploitation au niveau national mais on ne peut exclure l’hypothèse qu’ils aient irrigué la réflexion au sein des groupes de travail œuvrant à la préparation de la réforme.
Les artisans du changement : autour d’un échange plénier
Authors: Berghmans Luc , Bouchard Louise , Lorenzo Philippe , O’Neill Michel , Potvin Louise
Published: April 2014

La plénière de clôture du colloque a été le lieu d’échange entre quatre panélistes et les participants au colloque. Les panélistes étaient : Luc Berghmans, médecin et directeur de l’Observatoire de la santé du Hainaut en Belgique, Louise Bouchard, sociologue et professeure au Département de sociologie et anthropologie de l’Université d’Ottawa au Canada, Michel O’Neill, sociologue et professeur à la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l’Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Philippe Lorenzo, directeur général de l’Instance régionale d’éducation et de promotion de la santé (Ireps) de Picardie à Amiens, en France. Louise Potvin, professeure à l’Université de Montréal qui a agi comme modératrice de la plénière, a réalisé la synthèse qui suit. Dans la foulée du colloque, trois questions ont fait l’objet du débat. À quel point faut-il mettre la santé au premier plan de l’action locale si l’on veut promouvoir des valeurs d’équité ? Comment doit-on organiser et articuler l’action aux plans local, régional, national et mondial ? Qui sont les partenaires et quelles formes de gouvernance sont à mettre en place ? Quels sont les paramètres pour définir les rôles, tâches et compétences des opérateurs des programmes locaux et régionaux de santé, artisans du changement ?

Chaque panéliste devait répondre à deux des trois questions. Nous rendons compte ici des réponses que les panélistes ont apportées à ces questions. Comme il est impossible de vérifier les informations qui soutiennent les points de vue exprimés par l’auditoire, nous ne rapportons ici que la teneur des propos, sans faire état des exemples utilisés.