bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of nintedanib as a new postoperative antiscarring agent in experimental extraocular muscle surgery
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Trabzon 61250, Turkey, Bicaklioglu Gozde , Yazir Yusufhan ,   Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey, Duruksu Gokhan ,   Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research and Application Center, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey, Rencber Selenay Furat ,   Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey, Yuksel Nursen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
Published: May 2022

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of nintedanib on reducing postoperative inflammation, fibrosis and adhesion formation following extraocular muscle surgery in rabbits in comparison with triamcinolone acetonide (TA).
METHODS: Reinsertion of superior rectus muscle in right eyes of 30 New Zealand white rabbits were performed. They were randomized to receive one of the following treatments: 0.9% normal saline, one of 1-, 5-, and 10 μmol doses of nintedanib subconjunctivally immediately after surgery and on postoperative day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7, and TA immediately after surgery. As a control group, unoperated left eyes (n=6) were used. On the 28th day, six eyes from each group were enucleated and histopathologically and immunohistochemically analyzed to assess the postoperative inflammatory changes, fibrosis and adhesion. Transforming growth factor beta, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and alpha smooth muscle actin expressions were evaluated.
RESULTS: Conjunctival and scleral inflammation in TA and nintedanib groups were significantly reduced compared to saline (sham) group. Conjunctival vascularity and rectus muscle fibrosis were significantly reduced in 10 µmol nintedanib group. Nintedanib groups were the most effective groups in reduction of perimuscular fibrosis. Neither three nintedanib groups nor TA group differed statistically from sham group with regard to adhesion. The expressions of transforming growth factor beta, alpha smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 were reduced in nintedanib groups compared to saline group.
CONCLUSION: Nintedanib appears to attenuate postoperative inflammation and fibrosis after extraocular muscle surgery. Nintedanib may be a safer and stronger alternative agent in extraocular muscle surgery when compared to steroids. Further investigation is needed to prove antiadhesive effect of nintedanib.
Structural-visual functional relationships detected by optical coherence tomography in varying age-cohorts’ patients with optic neuritis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Shi Wei , Zuo Hua-Xin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Li Si-Yuan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Zheng Pan-Pan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Xu Quan-Gang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China, Cai Si-Yu ,   Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Wei Shi-Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China, Li Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China, Peng Chun-Xia ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
Published: May 2022

AIM: To assess the relationships of final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the optic nerve structural loss in varying age-cohorts of optic neuritis (ON) patients.
METHODS: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Totally 130 ON subjects (200 eyes) without ON onset within 6mo were included, who underwent BCVA assessment, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular segmented layers evaluation by optical coherence tomography (OCT).
RESULTS: For the 0-18y cohort, the final BCVA (logMAR) was significantly better and less frequent recurrences than adult cohorts (P=0.000). The final BCVA (logMAR) in all age-cohorts of the ON patients had negative and linear correlations to the pRNFL thicknesses and macular retinal ganglion cell layer (mRGCL) volumes, when the pRNFL thicknesses were reduced to the thresholds of 57.2-67.5 µm or 0.691-0.737 mm3 in mRGCL volumes, respectively, with the strongest interdependence in the 19-40y cohort. The ON patients from varying age cohorts would be threatened by blindness when their pRNFL thicknesses dropped 36.7-48.3 µm or the mRGCL volumes dropped to 0.495-0.613 mm3.
CONCLUSION: The paediatric ON has best prognosis and young adult ON exhibits perfectly linear correlations of final vision and structural loss. The pRNFL and the mRGCL could be potential structural markers to predict the vision prognosis for varying-age ON patients.
Vector analysis of Contoura Vision for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors:   Department of Optometry, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Lin Ying , Yuan Mu-Zhi ,   Department of Optometry, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, Zhang Yong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
Published: May 2022

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcomes of Contoura Vision (CV) with automatic eye tracking system in eyes with myopia and myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: This prospective study included 160 eyes (80 patients) with moderate myopia and irregular astigmatism between January and August 2018. Subjects were randomly divided into CV group (80 eyes) that underwent CV femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and a control group (80 eyes) that underwent wavefront-optimized FS-LASIK. Visual outcomes and astigmatic vector analysis were evaluated and compared between preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: Basic details were similar in both groups (P>0.05). At 3mo postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/16, 20/20, and 20/25 in 24, 76, and 80 eyes of patients in CV group, respectively. The CV group was better in predictability of astigmatism correction at 3mo postoperatively. In CV group, 64 eyes had deviation of astigmatic axis within 15° and 28 eyes had deviation of astigmatic axis within 5°, both were better than those in the control group. The number of eyes with residual astigmatism within 0.5 D were less in CV group (48 eyes) than the control group (40 eyes). Compared with the preoperative, C7 significantly reduced to 0.056±0.030 in CV group at 3mo after the procedure (P<0.05), and were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: CV with automatic eye tracking system is safe and effective for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism.
Hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification: a Meta-analysis
Authors:   Cataract Intraocular Lens Center of the Fourth Hospital in Xi'an, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Wu Qiong , Wu Lian ,   Cataract Intraocular Lens Center of the Fourth Hospital in Xi'an, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China, Wang Cong-Yi ,   Cataract Intraocular Lens Center of the Fourth Hospital in Xi'an, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: May 2022

AIM: To conduct a Meta-analysis pooling randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare hydrophobic with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in terms of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) development.
METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were queried from their starting till January 2020. RCTs investigating the impact of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses on PCO were considered eligible in this study. The pooled effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects model.
RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comprising of 939 patients (1263 eyes) were covered in this study. Patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses had a lower PCO score than those with a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses [standard mean difference: -1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.62 to -0.98; P<0.001]. Moreover, the frequency of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy in patients with hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses was significantly lower than patients with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (relative risk: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20-0.71; P=0.003).
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses are superior to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in patients after cataract surgery due to lower PCO score and reduced Nd:YAG capsulotomy. While similar studies are conducted by other researchers, the present study conducted subgroup analyses that show superior results with hydrophobic lenses in trials conducted in western countries.
Digestibilidad proteica de semillas de Pajuro (Erythrina edulis Triana) sometidas a cocción tradicional
Authors: DELGADO SORIANO VICTOR DANIEL , Cortés-Avendaño Paola , Guevara-Pérez Américo , Vílchez-Perales Carlos
Published: May 2022

The protein digestibility of pajuro seeds (Erythrina edulis Triana) was determined after the conventional cooking process. The processed seeds were dried, ground and incorporated into isoproteic and isocaloric diets for evaluation with Holtzman rats. The results were expressed in terms of means and standard deviations. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with Tukey's multiple comparison test to determine significant differences (p <0.05) in the proximal composition values ​​and a correlation analysis between protein consumption / gains weight and feed intake / weight gain. A protein value of 20.58 was obtained in the cooked straw seeds, and values ​​of 25.89, 2.97 and 45.56 for feed consumption, weight gain and specific growth rate respectively. Regarding the protein quality indicators, a positive nitrogen balance was obtained with a value of 0.19, biological value of 65.52%, apparent digestibility of 67.44% and true digestibility of 76.74%; likewise, taking into account the presence of sulfur amino acids as limiting factors, a value of 0.36 was determined for the theoretical count of amino acids, a theoretical count of amino acids corrected for digestibility of 28 and a theoretical count of digestible essential amino acids of 26. These results place traditional cooking as an alternative to facilitate the consumption of pajuro seeds produced in the tropical Andes, thus improving its use and satisfaction of consumer needs; however, supplementation with other food sources or incorporation of synthetic amino acids is necessary to replace the presence of limiting amino acids.
Respuesta del ñame espino (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) a la inoculación de Bacillus licheniformis y sombreamiento
Authors: Luna Castellanos Lily Lorena , Sánchez López Diana Beatriz
Published: May 2022

The white yam crops make a substantial contribution to sustaining the food security of millions of people worldwide. However, obtaining good quality planting material is a major challenge. Multiplication rates are low, with expensive seeds and prone to contamination by pests and pathogens in traditional production systems. In addition, the intensive use of natural resources has caused impacts on biodiversity, quality of natural resources and global warming, which forces farmers to mitigate and adapt to these conditions. In this sense, the present study evaluated the response of apical cuttings of white yam to different levels of shading (0 %, 65 % and 80 %) and to the inoculation of the rhizobacterium Bacillus licheniformis-DSC1 at doses of 2 and 6 mL. A randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement and three replications was used to set up the experiment. The results demonstrated the capacity of the rhizobacterium B. licheniformis-DSC1 to increase the survival of the cuttings by 42 % with respect to the non-inoculated cuttings. It was also shown that the combined use of 65 % shade and a dose of 2 mL of rhizobacteria increased the percentage of tuberization of the cuttings by 33.33 %. The use of cuttings and microbial inoculants for seed tubers is a promising and sustainable strategy to be implemented on a large scale.
Rasgos morfológicos de especies nativas potenciales para procesos agroecológicos Alto Andinos, Nariño, Colombia
Authors: BACCA ACOSTA PEDRO PABLO , Burbano Martínez Diana Lucía , Córdoba Portilla Santiago David , López Salcedo Diana Lizeth , Muñoz Guerrero Diego Andres
Published: May 2022

The intense production systems present in the Andean region have generated serious disturbances to high mountain ecosystems, which provide ecosystem services of great importance such as minerals, flora, and fauna. The study of the native flora through morphological descriptors becomes relevant to characterize and identify the vegetation that could be used in agroecological systems. This could serve as a strategy for the recovery and sustainable use of degraded systems since they promote diversity and responsible use of natural resources. The objective of this research was to determine the foliar morphological patterns that characterize four native shrub species of the High Andean forest: C. arborea; W. mariquitae; V. triphyllum y L. Subseriata. Fifteen qualitative and quantitative morphological leaf descriptors were used. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis of main components and multiple correspondences for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Leaf width and leaf shape were found among the most relevant descriptors for C. arborea; leaf length and main petiole length for L. Subseriata; leaf width and color on the upper leaf side for W. mariquitae; and leaf width and petiole thickness for V. triphyllum. This work contributes to identifying the most relevant morphological traits of four High Andean forest shrub species with potential for the implementation of agroecological systems that contribute to the sustainability of areas disturbed by agricultural actions.
Escuela-Montaña: desmontar el poder desde la altura
Authors: Canaza-Choque Franklin Américo , Huanca-Arohuanca Jesús Wiliam , Yabar Miranda Percy S. , Cornejo-Valdivia Gabriela , Mamani Jilaja Domitila , Perez Argollo Katia , Cavero-Aybar Hugo Neptali
Published: May 2022

Between the harsh seasons and inclement weather, forgotten and devoid of teachers, transportation, modern infrastructure and educational materials, reaching the field-schools of the mountains can take hours of steep walking for primary school children and small infants, in which the difficulties of rural areas and the hardness of the height may not be the greatest challenge of all. Well, without any privilege, crossing hills and mountains, they are boys and girls who come out of nowhere to conquer everything. From this premise, the study proposes to enlarge the relationship between School-Mountain (MS) in order to forge not only a renewed notion or real line that allows responding to the current dilemmas and challenges of the time, but also allows finding some action engines cast and forged from the heart of the mountain, one that has the ability and spirit to slay the killer. In this way, in line with studies that propose beheading the emperor or provoking an atypical telluric event in the regions of power, this study deposits its soul and spirit within works parameterized by documentary research within the framework of the norms pre-established by the PRISMA methodology. From the results it can be stated that, in that place of glaciers and snow-capped mountains destined to disappear over the years, the high-altitude inhabitants not only lack multiple attentions, but in addition to being out in the open, their cumbersome and brutal onslaught has the impact of strong misadventures, where the school, like never before governs its own challenges.
Uso de sensores para modelamiento matemático durante el tostado de granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) de la variedad Chuncho
Authors: Pumacahua Ramos Augusto , Vega-Loaiza Angie Sharon , Gonzales-Sánchez Rosibeth , Marconi-Quispe Paco Wilson , Carrión-Sánchez Hilka Mariela
Published: May 2022

Simple innovations in temperature control during cocoa roasting can help improve the quality of chocolate made by small entrepreneurs in the Andean-Amazonian valleys of Peru. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of oven temperature on the temperature of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) during roasting, using six mathematical models. Cocoa beans in the amounts of 100 and 200 g were placed in a tray in a conventional electric oven set at 250 °C. A K-type thermocouple with its respective reader was introduced in the geometric center of a cocoa bean and another 5 cm from the surface. The readings were recorded every 5 min and exported via Bluetooth to a computer. The temperature data were fitted to the mathematical models of the Concentrated System, Fourier's Law, Peleg, Page, Weibull and Midilli. The convective heat transfer coefficient (h), the thermal diffusivity (α), and the constants of the empirical models were determined. The h was 7.04 and 7.74 W/m2 °C for the toast of 100 and 200 g, respectively. The α was 3.09 x 10-8 and 3.28 x 10-8 m2/s for the 100 and 200 g toast, respectively. The rate constants of the empirical models showed a difference in the roasting of 100 and 200 g. All models represented the experimental data very well, since the values ​​of R2, MRSE and MA%E were close to 1, close to 0 and less than 10%, respectively. The best mathematical model was that of Peleg.
Avances recientes en el diagnóstico imagenológico de la hidrocefalia en niños. Revisión de la literatura de los últimos seis años
Authors: Moreno-Gómez Luz Ángela , Peláez-Rincón Orlando Faber , Álvarez-Castro María Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Introducción: La hidrocefalia es un problema de salud frecuente en pediatría, en particular durante el primer mes de vida. La incidencia en América Latina es una de las más altas del mundo. En Colombia no existen datos representativos sobre la incidencia real de esta enfermedad. Recientes hallazgos relacionados con la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo permitieron proponer nuevos modelos sobre la fisiopatología de la hidrocefalia que, junto con los hallazgos en la Resonancia Magnética, han llevado a tener una mejor comprensión de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la información disponible en la literatura sobre los avances en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad y los hallazgos en neuroimágenes, además de realizar una breve revisión sobre el papel de estas en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con términos MESH, en las bases de datos de PUBMED, OVID y SCOPUS con artículos publicados en los últimos 6 años, seleccionando un total de 30 artículos que abordaron el tema de forma integral. Conclusiones: Los nuevos hallazgos descritos como lo son el sistema glinfático y el papel de las AQP4 y los avances en las neuroimágenes, sobre todo de la resonancia magnética, han ayudado a comprender mejor esta entidad, apoyando el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo de la dinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo y a partir de él diferentes explicaciones sobre la fisiopatología. MÉD.UIS.2022;35(1): 17-29.
La depresión masculina y sus síntomas: Un estudio cualitativo con hombres adultos chilenos
Authors: Aguayo Francisco
Published: May 2022

En Chile, uno de cada diez hombres presenta indicios o síntomas de depresión cada año. No obstante, tanto en el país como en el resto de América Latina son escasos los estudios que abordan la depresión masculina desde sus aspectos cualitativos y narrativos. El objetivo de este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar la construcción narrativa de la depresión y sus síntomas en hombres, por medio de un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas realizadas entre junio y octubre de 2020 a nueve hombres chilenos que habían pasado por un proceso de esta naturaleza. A partir de una metodología de relato de vida, se exploraron los procesos depresivos en cada biografía, así como los síntomas reportados en cada una de ellas. Los resultados muestran que los hombres experimentan una constelación de síntomas durante una depresión, algunos de ellos atípicos, pues no se corresponden con aquellos descritos en los manuales diagnósticos. Se identificaron tres formas narrativas que fueron denominadas de frustración, de quiebre y de inseguridad.
Bifurcation of public opinion created by social media algorithms
Authors:   Institute of Psychology of RAS, Krylov Andrej
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this work is to consider the possibility of nonlinear influence of social media algorithms to the users opinions. A social media inherent algorithm of information ranging interacts with the user inherent bias and that increases the positive feedback loop. The result of this interaction is receiving by the user the only one side of an opinion and the user looses the very possibility to receive the opposite information. The conditions for the society polarization by means of a social media are investigated. Methods. In this paper, a model of users opinions dynamics was studied. There are two types of user’s strategy was considered: strategy 1, when a user puts "like" on information with proximity to his own view, but differed in any direction; strategy 2, when a user puts "like" on information along his own view, but more strict. Results. It was shown that for strategy 1 the society comes to a consensus, but for strategy 2 the society polarizes to the two opposite views. Considering the mixed society, where both strategies are used, it was found that the bifurcation to the society polarization appears when there are more than 40% of people using strategy 2. Conclusion. The inherent algorithms of social media, which are created to adapt in coming information to the user’s interests, creates or amplifies the bias of the user’s opinion and locks the user in an information chamber of only one type. That effect is substantially created by the social media algorithm itself. Thus interaction of users within a social media may increase the polarization of a society more than if they would communicate offline.
Clinical aspects of nonlinear dynamics of cognitive processes: features of sensorimotor activity in patients at the clinical phase of COVID-19
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Polevaia Sofia , Khalak Maria ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Lipatov Kirill ,   Clinical Hospital No.2, Privolzhsky District Medical Center of Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia, Zarechnova Natalya ,   Regional Clinical Oncology Clinic of Nizhny Novgorod, Cirkova Mariya ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Eremin Evgeny ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Bulanov Nikita ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: May 2022

The mechanisms of retrograde or anterograde neuronal transport ensure the migration of SARS-CoV-2 viruses to motor and sensory terminals, which can provoke significant distortions in the processes of information pattern recognition and the formation of action programs. The purpose of this study is to experimentally determine the dynamic modes of the cognitive system in patients with COVID-19. Cognitive processes are displayed in the space of parameters of sensorimotor activity when solving problems of different levels of complexity on the COGNITOM WEB platform. Patients and healthy individuals are presented with the same sets of stimuli in the same functional contexts. Covid-specific modes of information processing were manifested in a sharp decrease in the speed of cognitive processes and an increase in the number of missed target events.
Neurodynamic model for creative cognition of relational networks with even cyclic inhibition
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Tsukerman Valery
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this work is study of the neurodynamic foundations of the creative activity of the brain. Modern AI systems using deep neural network training require large amounts of input data, high computational costs and long training times. On the contrary, the brain can learn from small datasets in no time and, crucially, it is fundamentally creative. Methods. The study was carried out through computational experiments with neural networks containing 5 and 7 oscillatory layers (circuits) trained to represent abstract concepts of a certain class of animals. The scheme of neural networks with even cyclic inhibition (ECI networks) contains only bilateral inhibitory connections and consists of two subnets: a reference noncoding network, which is an analogue of the default brain mode neural network, and the main information network that receives time sequences of environmental signals and contextual inputs. After training, the reading of the population phase codes was performed with a simple linear decoder. Results. Conceptual learning of the network leads to the generation of a number of spatial abstract images that are distinguished by the most pronounced features of the relevant line of animals. In computational experiments, a wide set of isomorphic representations of concepts was obtained through: a) transformations of image spaces in a wide range of time scales of the training input signal flow, b) internal regulation of the time scales of mental representations of concepts, c) confirmation on the model of the dependence of psychological proximity of concepts on semantic distance; d) calling from memory (decoding) distributed groups of neurons of animal concepts, which the network has not been trained in. Conclusion. This paper shows for the first time how, using a small set of event input data (a sequence of 4 CCW and 2 CW signals) and very limited computational resources, ECI networks exhibit creative cognitions based on relational relationships, conceptual learning and generalization of knowledge.
Using Smartphone to Evaluate Cranial Computed Tomography Videos: An Inter-Observer Study
Authors: NALDEMİR İbrahim Feyyaz , KARAMAN Ahmet Kürşat , BOĞAN Mustafa , ALTINSOY Hasan Baki , KARADAĞ Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Objective: Many clinicians receive Cranial Computed Tomography (CCT) images or videos by their smartphone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the CCT videos that are shared through smartphone in the diagnosis. Method: The CCT videos that were sent via WhatsApp were examined in 9 sections: soft tissue, bone structure, parenchyma, ventricle, vascular structures, middle ear, orbits, sinuses and the extra axial space. Result: The CCT videos were analyzed in 9 sections; there was a perfect agreement among specialists in one of these sections, good agreement in 6 and poor agreement in 2. When compared with the gold standard, it was shown that 5 out of 9 sections could be an alternative to the gold standard. Conclusion: It may be thought that evaluation of the CCT videos can be obtained with messenger applications such as WhatsApp, which is a cheap, fast and common application. But this study shows that diagnostic images and videos shared through the smartphone by a messenger application can not be an alternative to standard evaluations.
Ultrasound Elastography for Liver Disease with Focus on Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Choi Byung Ihn
Published: May 2022

Chronic liver disease is a worldwide problem, including in Korea, and its major consequence is an increasing deposition of fibrous tissue within the liver, leading to cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. The diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis are important to prioritize for treatment and determine the prognosis with the potential for reversibility. Previously, the only method for diagnosing and staging of fibrosis was a liver biopsy. However, due to the limitations of liver biopsy, the recent development of ultrasound elastography (USE) techniques allows a non-invasive method of diagnosis and staging for liver fibrosis. USE enables non-invasive measurement of tissue mechanical properties through observation of shear-wave propagation in the tissue of interest. Transient elastography (TE) is a non-imaging elastographic technique that is the most popular and extensively validated method, while point shear wave elastography (p-SWE) and two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) combine imaging with elastography. The evidence suggests that p-SWE is as accurate as but more reliable than TE, while 2D-SWE is more accurate than TE. The author reviews the background of chronic liver disease, the types of USE, methods of examination, and interpretation of the results.
Two Cases of Subacute Thyroiditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Choi Young Sik
Published: May 2022

Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limited inflammatory disease that is mainly caused by viral infection. Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease, several effective vaccines have been introduced. Several cases have been reported developing subacute thyroiditis after receiving the coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. This paper presents an 81-year-old woman and a 62-year-old man who developed subacute thyroiditis soon after receiving the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. These patients presented with neck pain and laboratory tests showed increased free T4, low thyroid stimulating hormone, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). 99mTc scintigraphy showed poor visualization of the thyroid gland. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed severe hypoechoic, ill-defined areas. Thyroid function and ESR were normalized and ultrasound findings were improved after treatment. Here, the author reports two cases of subacute thyroiditis occurring after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, and an accompanying literature review.
Voltammetric determination of antipsychotic drug flupentixol HCl in human serum at a boron-doped diamond electrode
Authors: BOZAL PALABIYIK Burçin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to offer a voltammetric method for determining the antipsychotic drug flupentixol from serum samples. According to pH and scan rate studies, the oxidation behavior of flupentixol at boron-doped diamond electrode was found as irreversible and diffusion-controlled. In order to determine flupentixol from bulk form and serum samples, differential pulse voltammetry was preferred as the working method because of the repeatability. Linear responses were obtained in the range of 6.0×10-7 – 8.0×10-6 M and 8.0×10-7 – 1.0×10-5 M for bulk form and serum samples in pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, with detection limit values of 1.09×10-7 M and 1.08×10-7 M, respectively. Required validation parameters were also studied and according to recovery from serum samples (99.91 %) and precision studies, it can be said that developed method was accurate and precise.
Problemy etyczne niejawnej obserwacji uczestniczącej. Perspektywa antropologów społeczno-kulturowych i socjologów
Authors: Surmiak Adrianna
Published: May 2022

W niejawnej obserwacji uczestniczącej badacz/ka celowo zataja prowadzenie badań i/lub swoją badawczą tożsamość przed jej uczestnikami. Wywołuje to kontrowersje etyczne w środowisku naukowym, między innymi z powodu braku świadomej i dobrowolnej zgody na udział w badaniu. Zapisy zawarte w anglosaskich kodeksach etyki antropologa sugerują nieetyczność takiego sposobu pozyskiwania danych, chyba że badania odbywają się w sferze publicznej lub gdy ujawnienie się badacza/ki zagrażałoby czyjemuś życiu. Z kolei Kodeks etyki socjologa Polskiego Towarzystwa Socjologicznego (2012) przyzwala na badania ukryte na zasadzie wyjątku, gdy istnieją ku temu przesłanki metodologiczne. Niewiele jednak wiadomo o tym, jak badacze i badaczki oceniają taką praktykę pod względem etycznym. Na podstawie wywiadów pogłębionych z 56 antropologami i antropolożkami oraz socjologami i socjolożkami na temat etyki badań w praktyce badawczej analizuję, pod jakimi warunkami można usprawiedliwić przeprowadzenie niejawnej obserwacji uczestniczącej. Odpowiadam także na pytanie, czy opinie socjologów i socjolożek różnią się od opinii antropologów i antropolożek w tej sprawie.
Rola murali we współczesnym funkcjonowaniu miejskich ruchów społecznych w przestrzeni publicznej miast. Przegląd wybranych działań artystycznych
Authors: Krzywik Adrianna
Published: May 2022

W repertuarze współczesnych ruchów społecznych w przestrzeni miejskiej coraz częściej odnaleźć można działania o charakterze artystyczno-kulturowym. Głównym wyznacznikiem tych działań jest oryginalność przekazu podzielanych wartości i roszczeń politycznych. Do działań ruchów społecznych zaliczany jest street art i należące do niego murale. Murale, będące z założenia sztuką egalitarną, angażują odbiorcę do dialogu, stając się sztuką zaangażowaną społecznie. Na przestrzeni ostatnich kilkunastu lat obserwujemy zjawisko tzw. muralowego boomu, czyli gwałtownego wzrostu artystycznego ruchu społecznego skupionego wokół murali. Na podstawie analizy historycznej działań muralistycznych zostaną przedstawione przykłady murali będących manifestacją poglądów politycznych. Murale te zostały wybrane według kryterium powstania podczas najważniejszych, współczesnych ruchów społecznych ostatnich dziesięciu lat. Ponadto analiza semiologiczna fotografii murali posłuży do scharakteryzowania fenomenu murali we współczesnym funkcjonowaniu ruchów społecznych oraz ukrytych elementów znaczących w przekazie.
Struktura przestrzenna małego miasta w obszarze metropolitalnym Warszawy na przykładzie Halinowa
Authors: FOGEL PIOTR , Godula Edyta
Published: May 2022

Polem badawczym niniejszego opracowania jest obszar małego miasta Halinowa, oddalonego 10 km od Warszawy. Prezentowana analiza ogniskuje się na problemach toczących się wokół ustalenia nadrzędnych wartości dla mieszkańców Halinowa i przylegających doń wsi, związanych z projektowaniem zmian zagospodarowania przestrzennego, w kontekście pryncypiów planowania przestrzennego, jakimi są ład przestrzenny i zrównoważony rozwój.
Conventional and Biotechnological Approaches for Enhancing Shelf-life of Horticultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Adhikary Trina , Das Pankaj
Published: May 2022

Background: Due to its highly perishable nature and less shelf life, postharvest losses of fruits result in a high gap between production and availability. Various plant traits which need to be genetically modified for higher shelf life include lowered respiration and ethylene production, less sensitivity to ethylene, lowering ripening rates, reduced browning, decreased chilling sensitivity and increased postharvest disease resistance.
Methods: The importance of understanding the biochemical process of softening and the use of such information for retarding the ripening process has been demonstrated in this paper.
Result: After reviewing the development made in extending the shelf life of fruits, it becomes evident that although success in this field has been inadequate, there are possibilities that fruit breeders will succeed in the near future in evolving superior cultivars with longer shelf life by adopting conventional and biotechnological approaches.
​Phoma Blight of Soybean in Kashmir: Etiology, Relative Yield Losses and Critical Stage of Management Intervention
Authors: Manzoor Subaya , Bhat F.A. , Baba Z.A. , Rather T.R. , Nisa R.T. , Parveen S. , Javaid I. , Mushtaq S.
Published: May 2022

Background: Soybean leaf blight has been viewed as a possible biotic stress responsible for decreasing yield potential of soybean in Kashmir over the years. Therefore, its etiology and recording associated yield loss were deemed necessary corresponding to baseline findings for deciding any chemical or non-chemical intervention in disease management. Methods: Field and laboratory investigations were undertaken during crop periods of 2019 and 2020. Disease specimens were collected from various locations across valley and the pathogen was isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. To identify the host range of soybean isolate, nine pulse crops were tested under controlled conditions (Tem. 22±3°C and RH greater than 80%). The relative yield loss and critical stage of chemical intervention were assessed by exposing soybean populations to disease at different phenological stages which created five different levels of disease in a field experiment laid in RBD with four replications. Result: Phoma sojicola (syn. Ascochyta sojicola) was associated pathogen of this disease of soybean in Kashmir. Typical disease symptoms on leaves comprised of roughly circular and brown lesions (up to 20 mm diameter) with concentric rings having interspersed pycnidia. Most often the diseased tissue fall apart and gives it a shot hole expression. Radial daily mycelial growth of the pathogen was 3.62 mm colony was grey olivaceous in the centre and light olivaceous towards periphery. Conidia were hyaline, oblong to ellipsoidal and 1-2 celled with average dimensions of 7.98 x 2.87 µ. Chlamydospores were brown olivaceous, globose to sub-globose with average dimensions of 16.89 x 9.30 µ. After artificial inoculation, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna sinensis, V. radiata, V. mungo, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba and Cajanus cajan manifested disease symptoms after variable incubation periods of 8-13 days, while as Lens esculenta and Pisum sativum resisted the invasion. Early appearance of the Phoma blight (V-1 stage) in soybean can reach a terminal intensity of 67.16 per cent besides causing 51.72 per cent yield loss. Tolerable yield loss (5.63%) was achieved only when the crop was maintained disease free up to R-3 (beginning pod development) stage.
Tren Baru Program Deradikalisasi Di Lingkungan Organisasi Pemuda Muslim Indonesia
Authors: Rahma Hayati Novia Elok , Ali Nur , Bakkah Nazrina Nabila Nur
Published: May 2022

The deradicalization program is one of the solutions as a new trend to tackle the problem of radicalism in Indonesian youth, especially among Muslim youth organizations. Therefore, this deradicalization program is intensively carried out as a form of counter-terrorism action. This paper aims to explain the deradicalization trend carried out by Muslim youth organizations, namely the Nahdlatul Ulama Student Association (IPNU) and the Muhammadiyah Student Association (IPM) in Malang City. Interviews, observations, and data analysis carried out resulted in the findings that the Deradicalization program was contained in several forms of activities. In the IPNU environment, there are 3 activities, namely formal cadre activities in the form of Makesta and Lakmud, then non-formal cadre activities, namely in the form of discussions and literacy, then routine classic book studies and eventual activities in the form of tahlil, sholawat dhiba 'and khatmil Quran. While in the IPM environment there are literacy discussions which are held regularly once a week, Darul Arqam activities are held in the month of Ramadan, and incidental activities in the form of recitations which are held 2 times a week.
Islamic Boarding School at University: A Strong Pathway for Integrating Religion and Science
Authors: Maimunah Iffat , Huda Miftahul , Haque Arina , Zubaidah Zubaidah
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to explain the implementation of the establishment of ma'had al-jami'ah UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang as a form of implementing the integration of higher education and Islamic boarding schools. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach. The technique used by researchers in collecting data is through library data and field observations. This paper complements the shortcomings of previous studies, the previous studies examine the integration of pesantren (boarding school) and university in 3 models; first, a study on the trend of pesantren establishing a university to increase religious knowledge called ma'had 'aly. Second, the Islamic boarding school, an attempt by pesantren to establish a university in the pesantren environment. The third, the efforts of university (PTKIN) are philosophically and conceptually concerned in the integration of science and religion which are implemented in the integration between university and pesantren. This study explains practically the development of the integration of Islamic higher education and pesantren/ma'had as a model of formal institutions capable of realizing the needs of newer system education. Development of the integration between Islamic Universities and Islamic boarding schools which produces superior scholars, mastering science, and technology (IPTEK) but it should not ignore the aspects of faith and piety (IMTAQ).
EMDR Therapy and PTSD: A Goal-Directed Predictive Processing Perspective
Authors: Vanderschoot Tom , Dessel Pieter Van
Published: May 2022

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a widely used evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The mental processes underlying both PTSD and EMDR treatment effects are often explained by drawing on processes that involve the automatic formation and change of mental associations. Recent evidence that contrasts with these explanations is discussed and a new perspective to PTSD and EMDR treatment effects is proposed that draws on automatic inferential processes and can be readily integrated with the dominant (Adaptive Information Processing) model. This new perspective incorporates insights from cognitive theories that draw on predictive processing and goal-directed processes to elucidate (changes in) automatic inferences that underlie PTSD symptoms and EMDR treatment effects. Recommendations for clinical practice are provided based on this new perspective.
Perinatal Education Participation
Authors: Vanderlaan Jennifer , Kjerulff Kristen
Published: May 2022

While perinatal education programs are designed to help nulliparous women prepare for childbirth and care of a newborn, many women in the United States do not attend such programs. This article presents partial data from a longitudinal study of 2,884 women aged 18–35 years who birthed their first child in Pennsylvania from 2009–2011. These partial data focused on women’s participation in perinatal education and identify disparities in attendance. Overall, 79.1% reported attending one or more perinatal education programs. Women who were White, college educated, aged 30 years or older, and not in poverty were more likely to attend perinatal education programs. These results suggest a need for improved efforts to provide free or low-cost perinatal education to women across the socioeconomic spectrum in the U.S, especially in Pennsylvania.
Interpreting signals from the peripheral nerve in amyloidosis: a call for action
Authors: Verriello Lorenzo , Torre Chiara Dalla , Pauletto Giada , Gigli Gian Luigi
Published: May 2022

Systemic amyloidosis includes a group of disorders, characterized by deposition of insoluble aggregates of amyloid fibrils in various tissues that lead to disruption of normal tissue structure and impaired function. They are currently categorized as hereditary and secondary. Peripheral neuropathy is a frequent complication of systemic amyloidosis. The most common phenotype is a length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy with autonomic dysfunction, but there are many atypical presentations that often lead to delayed diagnosis. In this review, we emphasize the neurological clinical aspects that induce a suspicion of amyloidosis, the possible differential diagnosis and the diagnostic pitfalls. An early diagnosis of the disease is crucial for rapid initiation of appropriate treatment that may change the course and the progression of the disease.
Policy Pilot to Institutional Demonstration under Progressive Reform - The Case of Shenzhen Special Administrative Region
Authors: Wang Jie
Published: May 2022

Policy pilot is a unique policy experiment and innovation mechanism in China's progressive reform. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social development has benefited from the gradual development of policy pilots, and various policy pilots in the form of pilot projects and experimental zones have blossomed all over the country, whether in special economic zones or in the recently promoted pilot free trade zones, policy pilots have been an important way of innovation in local and regional governance. From policy pilot to system demonstration, the Shenzhen Pilot Demonstration Zone has assumed the important role of national strategic reform and leading reform. The launch and construction of the policy pilot to demonstration zone reflects both the governing resilience of the CPC and the governance resilience of the Chinese government, and also shows that the SEZ is a booster of the country's transition from development to governance.
An Extension of the All-Mach Number Pressure-Based Solution Framework for Numerical Modelling of Two-Phase Flows with Interface
Authors: Kraposhin Matvey , Kukharskii Aleksandr , Korchagova Viktoria , Shevelev Aleksandr
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present the extension of the pressure-based solver designed for the simulation of compressible and/or incompressible two-phase flows of viscous fluids. The core of the numerical scheme is based on the hybrid Kurganov— Noele — Petrova/PIMPLE algorithm. The governing equations are discretized in the conservative form and solved for velocity and pressure, with the density evaluated by an equation of state. The acoustic-conservative interface discretization technique helps to prevent the unphysical instabilities on the interface. The solver was validated on various cases in wide range of Mach number, both for single-phase and two-phase flows. The numerical algorithm was implemented on the basis of the well-known open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics library OpenFOAM in the solver called interTwoPhaseCentralFoam. The source code and the pack of test cases are available on GitHub: https://github.com/unicfdlab/hybridCentralSolvers