bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Multiscale Engineered Fe3O4/Ni Electrodes with Ultrafast Supercapacitive Energy Storage for Alternate Current Line‐Filtering
Authors: Kim Minjeong , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Kang Jin Gu
Published: December 2022

Since the first demonstration of 3D bicontinuous porous architectures as a promising electrode for rechargeable batteries, many attempts have been made to extend this concept to other applications. Although some recent investigations have shown potential of bicontinuous structures as supercapacitor electrodes, there is a lack of capturing their capability for ultrafast charge/discharge as well as of manipulating the components in a more careful manner. Herein, novel bicontinuous porous Fe3O4/Ni supercapacitor electrodes fabricated by hierarchical multiscale engineering across three different length scales are reported. The electrodes comprise mesostructured epitaxial Ni scaffold (atomic‐scale), ultrathin pseudocapacitive Fe3O4 nanosheets (nanoscale), and interconnected periodic pores (mesoscale). It is highlighted that the electrodes can be cycled as a capacitor at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 100 V s−1 and also exhibit excellent line‐filtering properties at 120 Hz including the areal capacitance (272 μF cm−2), phase angle (−76°), and time constant (0.3 ms). This is attributed to the synergistic effects of rapid electron conduction, efficient utilization of surface‐limited reaction, and facile ion diffusion, enabled by engineering the properties at different levels of length scales. As a result, the electrode‐based symmetric supercapacitors enable remarkable line‐filtering performance with the significantly suppressed voltage ripple.
Phylogenetic revision of Dennstaedtioideae (Dennstaedtiaceae: Polypodiales) with description of Mucura, gen. nov.
Authors: Triana‐Moreno Luz A. , Yañez Agustina , Kuo Li‐Yaung , Rothfels Carl J. , Pena Nelson Túlio L. , Schwartsburd Pedro B. , Sundue Michael
Published: December 2022

We undertook a molecular phylogenetic revision of hayscented ferns (Dennstaedtiaceae: Dennstaedtioideae) using four plastid markers. Our sampling represents ca. 40% of the extant diversity and includes the type species for each of the relevant segregate genera. We coded 18 discrete morphological characters which we used to find diagnosable clades. We show that Dennstaedtia is polyphyletic, with the majority of species forming three morphologically distinct clades, but its type (D. flaccida) is nested within Microlepia. As such, we support the conservation of Dennstaedtia with a new type, D. dissecta. Following our results, we develop a classification of four genera: Dennstaedtia, Microlepia, Mucura (gen. nov.) and Sitobolium. Beyond the inclusion of D. flaccida, we propose to maintain Microlepia with its current circumscription. Except for a single adventive species in the Neotropics, Microlepia is a Paleotropical genus of about 60 species diagnosed by their distinctive perispore ornamentation of rodlets, and by petioles that lack epipetiolar buds. Mucura is a Neotropical genus of two species that differ from all other Dennstaedtiaceae by the combination of dichotomously branching rhizomes, petioles that lack epipetiolar buds, marginal sori with both abaxial and adaxial indusia, and trilete spores with a unique perispore ornamentation. As defined here, Dennstaedtia is a pantropical genus of about 55 species recognized by having unbranched rhizomes, petioles bearing epipetiolar buds, and by often bearing proliferous buds upon the leaves. Sitobolium is a small clade of ca. five species distinguished by their relatively small leaves that have elongate catenate hairs. These hairs often bear a capitate non‐glandular terminal cell. In support of our classification, we provide a key to the eleven genera of Dennstaedtiaceae, and for the four genera of Dennstaedtioideae we provide morphological and geographic synopses, a list of constituent species, and necessary new combinations.
Tissue sealing versus suture ligation in open canine ovariectomy: Surgical times, intraoperative nociceptive response and frequency of complications
Authors: Cicirelli Vincenzo , Burgio Matteo , Carbonari Alice , Lacalandra Giovanni M , Aiudi Giulio G
Published: December 2022

Background

In this study, we compared two different techniques currently used for open canine ovariectomy: traditional method utilising absorbable suture and vessel sealing device (ENSEAL®Ethicon Endo‐Surgery, Cincinnati, OH).

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the surgical times, intraoperative nociceptive response and the frequency of intraoperative complications in the canine ovariectomy procedure using these two techniques.

Methods

Forty bitches were randomly divided into two groups. The Control Group (C) will use a classic open surgery approach using ligatures with absorbable suture and ovarian resection with a scalpel blade. In the Group E, resection of ovarian structures was performed with ENSEAL®tissue sealer device. For each dog the surgical times, the intraoperative nociceptive response (measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and non‐invasive blood pressure) and the intraoperative complications were measured to compare the effectiveness of the two techniques.

Results

The results of this study showed that the procedures performed using ENSEAL®were faster than the traditional techniques using surgical suture. Instead, the results regarding the nociception and the safety of the two procedures are similar.

Conclusions

The present study shows that the use of ENSEAL®significantly shortened the surgical time. Meanwhile, its use was found to be similarly safe and efficient in terms of intra‐operative nociception, as the classical techniques with absorbable suture. Canine ovariectomy using ENSEAL®device is more practical and faster than the traditional technique; the routine use of this device is considered a useful alternative for the canine neutering.
The effect of acidifier supplementation on egg production performance and intestinal histology of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Aliverdi‐Nasab Kimia , Zhandi Mahdi , Yousefi Ali Reza , Zahedi Vahid , Rafieian‐Naeini Hamid Reza
Published: December 2022

Background

Acidifier are substances with antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, performance and health benefits that are frequently employed in feed acidification, especially in poultry diet. Meanwhile, the most important factor for acidifier efficiency is the proportion of different acids in the final product.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of a commercial acidifier on egg production and histology of the small intestine in laying Japanese quail.

Methods

One‐hundred and sixty female quails at 15 weeks of age were divided into four groups and fed basal diet supplemented with different levels of acidifier (0, 1, 2 and 3 gr acidifier/kg of basal diet) for 8 weeks. Egg production, egg quality attributes and body weight (BW) were measured every 2 weeks. Histology of the small intestine and bacterial population of cecum as well as pH of crop, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum contents were also investigated at the end of the experiment.

Results

Feed conversion ratio (FCR), yolk height, shell thickness, pH of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum; duodenum, villus width (VW), villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD); jejunum VH, VW and ileum VH to CD ratio (VCR) were linearly improved by the increasing levels of acidifier supplementation (P < 0.05). Duodenum VH increased in a linear and quadratic manner in response to increasing levels of acidifier. Egg weight, yolk diameter, jejunum CD, ileum CD, ileum VW, duodenum CD and jejunum VCR quadratically improved by grading levels of acidifier (P < 0.01). BW, albumen height, Haugh unit, ileum VH and ileum VCR were cubically enhanced (P < 0.05). Acidifier supplementation enhanced egg production, FCR, jejunum, ileum and cecum pH and VH, CD and VW of duodenum and jejunum, compared to the control group (P < 0.05); however, dietary acidifier did not affect egg mass, gizzard pH, ileum VH and bacterial count of the cecum (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

In conclusion, as calculated, the supplementation of 1 and 2.6 g acidifier per kg of diet was associated with beneficial effects on egg production and quality, gastrointestinal tract pH and histology of the small intestine in laying quails.
School of Thrombectomy—A 3-Step Approach to Perform Acute Stroke Treatment with Simulator Training and Virtual Supervision by Remote Streaming Support (RESS)
Authors: Paech Daniel , Lehnen Nils , Lakghomi Asadeh , Schievelkamp Arndt , Gronemann Christian , Bode Felix J. , Radbruch Alexander , Dorn Franziska
Published: December 2022

As the number of neurointerventional procedures continues to increase, so does the need for well-trained neurointerventionalists. The purpose of this work was to establish and assess a systematic 3‑step approach to perform acute stroke treatment including simulator training and virtual supervision by remote streaming support (RESS). Five trainees (four men, one women) who have completed the 3‑step approach have answered an 11-item questionnaire (5-point Likert scale) in order to evaluate training step 1 (simulator). Furthermore, all trainees and one supervisor (female) answered a standardized questionnaire following the initial 15 consecutive thrombectomies for each trainee, corresponding to a total of 75 thrombectomies. The simulator training yielded learning benefits and confidence gain to perform MT on patients. The RESS approach facilitated the translation during the first independently performed thrombectomies on patients. In summary, the presented 3‑step approach increases the level of safety, as reported by the trainees and supervisor in this study and may enable an accelerated training of neurointerventionalists.
Professional practice and awareness of child abuse among radiologists and radiologic technologists: results from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Nasser M. , Paddock Michael , Jeanes Annmarie , Shuweihdi Farag , Offiah Amaka C.
Published: December 2022

Background

The knowledge, awareness and professionalism of health care providers in the field of child protection are crucial in identifying and reporting suspected child abuse. Radiologic technologists and radiologists play a vital role in the diagnosis of suspected physical child abuse.

Objective

To assess current practice, knowledge and awareness of child abuse among radiologic technologists and radiologists in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

We distributed an internet-based questionnaire to radiologic technologists and radiologists working in Saudi Arabia via national radiology societies and social media channels over a 6-week period (27 October to 8 December 2021). Survey questions covered knowledge regarding child abuse, professional practice in radiology departments in Saudi Arabia in cases of suspected physical abuse (SPA), and knowledge of the national legislation and reporting and acting procedures in child abuse.

Results

A total of 315 respondents (224 radiologic technologists and 91 radiologists) participated in this study. The median score for knowledge of abuse was higher amongst radiologists (4.8) than radiologic technologists (4.0); P < 0.001. In total, 210 (93.8%) radiologic technologists and 61 (67.0%) radiologists reported that there was no protocol (i.e. skeletal survey) at their hospital for imaging children with SPA. Most radiologic technologists had no training in paediatric radiology (165/224, 73.7%) and most radiologists had received no training in evaluating imaging performed for SPA (73/91, 80.2%). More than half of respondents — 131 (58.5%) radiologic technologists and 44 (48.4%) radiologists — were not familiar with the reporting and acting procedures at their hospitals in cases of child abuse.

Conclusion

Although radiologic technologists and radiologists in Saudi Arabia have good knowledge and awareness of child abuse in general, they lack specific knowledge of the reporting and acting procedures at their hospitals in cases of suspected child abuse. National imaging guidelines and training courses are needed to develop appropriate skills in the recognition, imaging and reporting of SPA in infants and young children in Saudi Arabia.
Clinical applications of the mastoid emissary vein
Authors: Zhou Wei , Di Guangfu , Rong Jun , Hu Zongwen , Tan Mingze , Duan Kaiqiang , Jiang Xiaochun
Published: December 2022

Purpose

During retrosigmoid craniotomy, the mastoid emissary vein (MEV) can be a source of considerable bleeding during the operation, especially when the larger diameter MEV or sigmoid sinus is torn. In this study, we evaluated the relevant structure of the MEV for their anatomy and applied the data in surgery to summarize their clinical significance.

Methods

The posterior craniocervical regions of 15 silicon-injected Chinese human cadaver specimens were dissected to expose the MEV and adjacent structures. Fifty-one patients who were scheduled to undergo retrosigmoid craniotomy were selected. All patients underwent preoperative routine CT of the head. The relevant data were collected on cadaveric anatomy and CT. Eventually, all patients underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and the MEV was observed during the operation.

Results

In cadaver specimens, the prevalence of the MEV was 90.0%. It originated from the middle and lower parts of the posterior wall of the sigmoid sinus and extended in the posterior direction in the mastoid process, usually having 1–2 external openings (86.7%) and only 1 internal opening. The intraosseous courses of the MEV were classified as straight and curved. The straight type accounted for 57.9%, and the curved type for 42.1%. The mean diameter of the MEV was 1.84 ± 0.85 mm, and the straight length of the MEV inside the mastoid process was 11.93 ± 3.58 mm. In 16.7% and 6.7% of all cadaver specimens, the MEV diameter was greater than 2.5 and 4 mm, respectively. In 51 patients (bilateral), routine head CT scan showed the MEV in 49.0% of the patients, and the MEV diameter was greater than 2.5 and 4 mm, respectively, in 17.6% (18/102) and 3.9% (4/102) of the cases. During surgery (unilateral) in the 51 patients, 48 had the MEV and 3 had no MEV. None of the patients had sigmoid sinus tears or massive bleeding.

Conclusion

In the process of retrosigmoid craniotomy, detailed anatomical knowledge of the MEV, well-planned CT scan, and meticulous microsurgical techniques are key for successful operation, which can reduce the occurrence of complications.
Brain deposition of gadobutrol in children—a cross-sectional and longitudinal MRI T1 mapping study
Authors: Gräfe Daniel , Simion Stefan-Horia , Rosolowski Maciej , Merkenschlager Andreas , Frahm Jens , Voit Dirk , Hirsch Franz Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Depositions of linear gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents are readily visible in T1-weighted MRIs of certain brain regions in both adults and children. Macrocyclic contrast agents such as gadobutrol have so far escaped detection by qualitative MRI in children. This study aimed to assess whether there is evidence for deposition of gadobutrol in children using quantitative T1 mapping.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients, naive to other gadolinium-based contrast agents than gadobutrol, who had received gadobutrol as part of a clinically indicated MRI. For each patient, T1 relaxation times at 3 T were measured using single-shot T1 mapping at two time points. In each of six brain regions, age-adjusted T1 relaxation times were correlated with a number of previous gadobutrol administrations. To combine interindividual, cross-sectional effects with intraindividual, longitudinal effects, both linear mixed model and generalized additive mixed model were applied.

Results

One hundred four examinations of 52 children (age median 11.4, IQR 6.3–15, 26 female) with a median of 7 doses of gadobutrol in the history of their neurological or neurooncological disease were included. After correction for age and indeterminate disease-related effects to T1 time, a negative correlation of T1 time with the number of gadobutrol doses administered was observed in both mixed models in the putamen (beta − 1.65, p = .03) and globus pallidus (beta − 1.98, p = .012)

Conclusions

The results indicate that in children, gadobutrol is deposited in the globus pallidus and putamen.

Key Points

• Previous gadobutrol administration correlates with reduced T1 relaxation times in the globus pallidus and putamen in children.

• This decreased T1 might be caused by gadobutrol retention within these gray-matter nuclei.
Fluid Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars: A Comparative Study
Authors: Diab Nagwa Ali Fahmy , Ibrahim Al-shimaa M. , Abdallah Aya Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, was developed for the purpose of overcoming the limitations of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRF can produce a higher cumulative release of growth factors than PRP. Also, this release is slow and prolonged, making it ideal for tissue regeneration and growth stimulation. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of fluid PRF either alone or combined with needling versus PRP in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. A comparative study including 30 patients with atrophic acne scars who were divided into two equal groups. Group I included 15 patients in which the left side of the face was treated with intradermal injection of PRP while the right side was treated with combined needling with PRP. Group II included15 patients in which the left side of the face was treated with intradermal injection of fluid PRF while the right side was treated with combined needling with fluid PRF. All patients received four sessions with 3 weeks interval. The acne scars significantly improved in both sides of face in both groups. According to quartile grading scale and patient satisfaction; the therapeutic response was significantly higher in PRF group than PRP either alone or combined with needling. The combination with needling increases efficacy of PRF and PRP. Fluid PRF is highly effective, safe and simple procedure that can be used instead of PRP in the treatment of acne scars.
Computer-aided craniofacial superimposition validation study: the identification of the leaders and participants of the Polish-Lithuanian January Uprising (1863–1864)
Authors: Martos Rubén , Guerra Rosario , Navarro Fernando , Peruch Michela , Neuwirth Kevin , Valsecchi Andrea , Jankauskas Rimantas , Ibáñez Oscar
Published: December 2022

In 2017, a series of human remains corresponding to the executed leaders of the “January Uprising” of 1863–1864 were uncovered at the Upper Castle of Vilnius (Lithuania). During the archeological excavations, 14 inhumation pits with the human remains of 21 individuals were found at the site. The subsequent identification process was carried out, including the analysis and cross-comparison of post-mortem data obtained in situ and in the lab with ante-mortem data obtained from historical archives. In parallel, three anthropologists with diverse backgrounds in craniofacial identification and two students without previous experience attempted to identify 11 of these 21 individuals using the craniofacial superimposition technique. To do this, the five participants had access to 18 3D scanned skulls and 14 photographs of 11 different candidates. The participants faced a cross-comparison problem involving 252 skull-face overlay scenarios. The methodology follows the main agreements of the European project MEPROCS and uses the software Skeleton-ID™. Based on MEPROCS standard, a final decision was provided within a scale, assigning a value in terms of strong, moderate, or limited support to the claim that the skull and the facial image belonged (or not) to the same person for each case. The problem of binary classification, positive/negative, with an identification rate for each participant was revealed. The results obtained in this study make the authors think that both the quality of the materials used and the previous experience of the analyst play a fundamental role when reaching conclusions using the CFS technique.
Future perspectives for treating patients with geographic atrophy
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Trivizki Omer
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Geographic atrophy (GA) is a late-stage form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by the expansion of atrophic lesions in the outer retina. There are currently no approved pharmacological treatments to prevent or slow the progression of GA. This review describes the progression and assessment of GA, predictive imaging features, and complement-targeting investigational drugs for GA.

Methods

A literature search on GA was conducted.

Results

Expansion of atrophic lesions in patients with GA is associated with a decline in several measures of visual function. GA lesion size has been moderately associated with measures obtained through microperimetry, whereas GA lesion size in the 1-mm diameter area centered on the fovea has been associated with visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide 3-dimensional quantitative assessment of atrophy and is useful for identifying early atrophy in GA. Features that have been found to predict the development of GA include certain drusen characteristics and pigmentary abnormalities. Specific OCT features, including hyper-reflective foci and OCT-reflective drusen substructures, have been associated with AMD disease progression. Lesion characteristics, including focality, regularity of shape, location, and perilesional fundus autofluorescence patterns, have been identified as predictors of faster GA lesion growth. Certain investigational complement-targeting drugs have shown efficacy in slowing the progression of GA.

Conclusion

GA is a progressive disease associated with irreversible vision loss. Therefore, the lack of treatment options presents a significant unmet need. OCT and drugs under investigation for GA are promising future tools for disease management.
The use of electronic conductivity devices can effectively reduce radiation exposure in vertebral body tethering
Authors: Da Paz Stephanie , Trobisch Per , Baroncini Alice
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Vertebral body tethering (VBT) presents new challenges in respect to radiation exposure, as screws cannot be placed free-hand and the lateral positioning of the patients increases scattered radiation. To reduce radiation exposure, we introduced the use of electronic conductivity device (ECD). These are drilling probes send an audio signal when cortical bone is breached. Thus, anterior, bicortical screws can be placed without multiple fluoroscopic controls. ECD has been used for all VBT procedures at our institution starting April 2020. The aim of this study was to test the safety of ECD and its efficacy in radiation reduction in comparison with the current standard, the fluoroscopic guidance.

Materials and methods

All patients who underwent VBT between August 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups according to whether ECD had been used or not. The radiation exposure per procedure and per screw was compared among the two groups, overall and separately for thoracic, lumbar and bilateral procedures. The rate of misplaced screws was calculated.

Results

Data from 62 patients and 825 screws were obtained (397 with ECD). No screw misplacement was observed. Radiation reduction with ECD reached up to 41%. A significant reduction was observed in the radiation per procedure in bilateral instrumentation (from 9.16 to 5.52 mGy*m2), and in the analysis per screw overall (from 9.16 to 5.52 mGy*m2) and for lumbar curves (from 0.54 to 0.32 mGy*m2).

Conclusion

ECD can safely and effectively reduce the radiation exposure for VBT procedures.
A 1-week sleep and light intervention improves mood in premenstrual dysphoric disorder in association with shifting melatonin offset time earlier
Authors: Parry Barbara L. , Meliska Charles J. , Martinez L. Fernando , Lopez Ana M. , Sorenson Diane L. , Dawes Sharron E. , Elliott Jeffrey A. , Hauger Richard L.
Published: December 2022

To test the hypothesis that 1 week of combined sleep and light interventions (SALI), which phase-advance (shift earlier) melatonin circadian rhythms, improves mood significantly more than phase-delay (shift later) SALI. After a 2-month diagnostic evaluation for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD per DSM-5 criteria) in a university clinical research setting, 44 participants enrolled in baseline studies were randomized in the luteal phase at home to (A) a phase-advance intervention (PAI): 1 night of late-night wake therapy (LWT: sleep 9 pm–1 am) followed by 7 days of the morning (AM) bright white light (BWL), or (B) a phase-delay intervention (PDI): 1 night of early-night wake therapy (EWT: sleep 3–7 am) plus 7 days of the evening (PM) BWL. After a month of no intervention, participants underwent the alternate intervention. Outcome measures were mood, the melatonin metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT), and actigraphy (to assess protocol compliance). At baseline, atypical depression correlated positively with phase delay in 6-SMT offset time (r = .456, p = .038). PAI advanced 6-SMT offset from baseline more than PDI (p < .05), and improved raw mood scores more than PDI (p < .05). As hypothesized, percent improvement in mood correlated positively with a phase advance from baseline in 6-SMT offset time (p < .001). Treatment with 1 night of advanced/restricted sleep followed by 7 days of AM BWL (PAI) was more efficacious in reducing PMDD depression symptoms than a PDI; mood improvement occurred in association with phase advance in 6-SMT offset time. Combined SALIs offer safe, efficacious, rapid-acting, well-tolerated, non-pharmacological, non-hormonal, affordable, repeatable home interventions for PMDD. Clinical Trials.gov NCT # NCT01799733.
Engineering geological 3D modeling and geotechnical characterization in the framework of technical rules for geotechnical design: the case study of the Nola’s logistic plant (southern Italy)
Authors: Petrone P. , Allocca V. , Fusco F. , Incontri P. , De Vita P.
Published: December 2022

In the design and construction of buildings and infrastructures, the reconstruction of a reliable 3D engineering geological model is an essential step to optimize costs of the construction and limit risks from failure or damage due to unforeseen ground conditions. The modeling of ground conditions is a challenging issue to be tackled especially in the case of geological units with complex geometries and spatially variable geotechnical properties. In such a direction, coupled geological and geotechnical criteria are usually adopted to define engineering geological units.

These concepts are considered by the current technical rules for geotechnical design such as the Eurocode 7 and in the national regulations which have followed it, known in Italy as “Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni (NTC).” Notwithstanding this advanced regulatory framework, no comprehensive indications on methodological approaches were given for the 3D engineering geological modeling and geotechnical characterization of a design and construction site. In this paper, the case study of the highly heterogeneous and heteropic pyroclastic-alluvial stratigraphic setting of the Nola plain (Campania, southern Italy) characterizing the site of the Nola’s logistic plant is dealt with. The approaches are based on the engineering geological modeling analysis of a high number of stratigraphic, laboratory and in situ geotechnical data, collected for the design of the plant, and the use of a specialized modeling software providing advanced capabilities in spatial modeling of geological and geotechnical information, as well as in their visual representation. The results obtained, including also the analysis of statistical variability of geotechnical properties and the identification of representative geotechnical values, can be potentially considered a methodological approach, consistent with the current technical rules for geotechnical design as well as with fundamental concepts of engineering geological modeling and mapping.
Autonomous learning for fuzzy systems: a review
Authors: Gu Xiaowei , Han Jungong , Shen Qiang , Angelov Plamen P.
Published: December 2022

As one of the three pillars in computational intelligence, fuzzy systems are a powerful mathematical tool widely used for modelling nonlinear problems with uncertainties. Fuzzy systems take the form of linguistic IF-THEN fuzzy rules that are easy to understand for human. In this sense, fuzzy inference mechanisms have been developed to mimic human reasoning and decision-making. From a data analytic perspective, fuzzy systems provide an effective solution to build precise predictive models from imprecise data with great transparency and interpretability, thus facilitating a wide range of real-world applications. This paper presents a systematic review of modern methods for autonomously learning fuzzy systems from data, with an emphasis on the structure and parameter learning schemes of mainstream evolving, evolutionary, reinforcement learning-based fuzzy systems. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce the underlying concepts, underpinning methodologies, as well as outstanding performances of the state-of-the-art methods. It serves as a one-stop guide for readers learning the representative methodologies and foundations of fuzzy systems or who desire to apply fuzzy-based autonomous learning in other scientific disciplines and applied fields.
Variability of Single Pulse Electrical Stimulation Responses Recorded with Intracranial Electroencephalography in Epileptic Patients
Authors: Jedynak Maciej , Boyer Anthony , Chanteloup-Forêt Blandine , Bhattacharjee Manik , Saubat Carole , Tadel François , Kahane Philippe , David Olivier ,   F-TRACT Consortium
Published: December 2022

Cohort studies of brain stimulations performed with stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) electrodes in epileptic patients allow to derive large scale functional connectivity. It is known, however, that brain responses to electrical or magnetic stimulation techniques are not always reproducible. Here, we study variability of responses to single pulse SEEG electrical stimulation. We introduce a second-order probability analysis, i.e. we extend estimation of connection probabilities, defined as the proportion of responses trespassing a statistical threshold (determined in terms of Z-score with respect to spontaneous neuronal activity before stimulation) over all responses and derived from a number of individual measurements, to an analysis of pairs of measurements.

Data from 445 patients were processed. We found that variability between two equivalent measurements is substantial in particular conditions. For long ( > ~ 90 mm) distances between stimulating and recording sites, and threshold value Z = 3, correlation between measurements drops almost to zero. In general, it remains below 0.5 when the threshold is smaller than Z = 4 or the stimulating current intensity is 1 mA. It grows with an increase of either of these factors. Variability is independent of interictal spiking rates in the stimulating and recording sites.

We conclude that responses to SEEG stimulation in the human brain are variable, i.e. in a subject at rest, two stimulation trains performed at the same electrode contacts and with the same protocol can give discrepant results. Our findings highlight an advantage of probabilistic interpretation of such results even in the context of a single individual.
Large subsets of $$\mathbb {Z}_m^n$$ without arithmetic progressions
Authors: Elsholtz Christian , Klahn Benjamin , Lipnik Gabriel F.
Published: December 2022

For integers m and n, we study the problem of finding good lower bounds for the size of progression-free sets in $$(\mathbb {Z}_{m}^{n},+)$$

(

Z

m

n

,
+
)

. Let $$r_{k}(\mathbb {Z}_{m}^{n})$$

r
k

(

Z

m

n

)

denote the maximal size of a subset of $$\mathbb {Z}_{m}^{n}$$

Z

m

n

without arithmetic progressions of length k and let $$P^{-}(m)$$

P
-

(
m
)

denote the least prime factor of m. We construct explicit progression-free sets and obtain the following improved lower bounds for $$r_{k}(\mathbb {Z}_{m}^{n})$$

r
k

(

Z

m

n

)

:

If $$k\ge 5$$

k
≥
5

is odd and $$P^{-}(m)\ge (k+2)/2$$

P
-

(
m
)

≥

(
k
+
2
)

/
2

, then $$\begin{aligned} r_k(\mathbb {Z}_m^n) \gg _{m,k} \frac{\bigl \lfloor \frac{k-1}{k+1}m +1\bigr \rfloor ^{n}}{n^{\lfloor \frac{k-1}{k+1}m \rfloor /2}}. \end{aligned}$$

r
k

(

Z
m
n

)

≫

m
,
k

⌊

k
-
1

k
+
1

m
+
1

⌋

n

n

⌊

k
-
1

k
+
1

m
⌋
/
2

.

If $$k\ge 4$$

k
≥
4

is even, $$P^{-}(m) \ge k$$

P
-

(
m
)

≥
k

and $$m \equiv -1 \bmod k$$

m
≡
-
1

mod

k

, then $$\begin{aligned} r_{k}(\mathbb {Z}_{m}^{n}) \gg _{m,k} \frac{\bigl \lfloor \frac{k-2}{k}m + 2\bigr \rfloor ^{n}}{n^{\lfloor \frac{k-2}{k}m + 1\rfloor /2}}. \end{aligned}$$

r
k

(

Z

m

n

)

≫

m
,
k

⌊

k
-
2

k

m
+
2

⌋

n

n

⌊

k
-
2

k

m
+
1
⌋
/
2

.

Moreover, we give some further improved lower bounds on $$r_k(\mathbb {Z}_p^n)$$

r
k

(

Z
p
n

)

for primes $$p \le 31$$

p
≤
31

and progression lengths $$4 \le k \le 8$$

4
≤
k
≤
8

.
Another Brick in the Wall? Moral Education, Social Learning, and Moral Progress
Authors: Rehren Paul , Sauer Hanno
Published: December 2022

Many believe that moral education can cause moral progress. At first glance, this makes sense. A major goal of moral education is the improvement of the moral beliefs, values and behaviors of young people. Most would also consider all of these improvements to be important instances of moral progress. Moreover, moral education is a form of social learning, and there are good reasons to think that social learning processes shape episodes of progressive moral change. Despite this, we argue that instead of being a cause of moral change, the main effect of moral education is often to provide stability or continuity. In addition, we will argue that even when the conditions are right for moral education to contribute to moral change, it is far from clear that the resulting changes will always, or even most of the time, end up being progressive.
Flood Modeling and Prediction Using Earth Observation Data
Authors: Schumann Guy , Giustarini Laura , Tarpanelli Angelica , Jarihani Ben , Martinis Sandro
Published: December 2022

The ability to map floods from satellites has been known for over 40 years. Early images of floods were rather difficult to obtain, and flood mapping from satellites was thus rather opportunistic and limited to only a few case studies. However, over the last decade, with a proliferation of open-access EO data, there has been much progress in the development of Earth Observation products and services tailored to various end-user needs, as well as its integration with flood modeling and prediction efforts. This article provides an overview of the use of satellite remote sensing of floods and outlines recent advances in its application for flood mapping, monitoring and its integration with flood models. Strengths and limitations are discussed throughput, and the article concludes by looking at new developments.
An efficient algorithm combining an optimized hybrid block method and the differential quadrature method for solving Hunter–Saxton equation
Authors: Kaur Anurag , Kanwar V. , Ramos Higinio
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the numerical solution of a mixed derivative type Hunter–Saxton equation is addressed. A given equation is discretized transforming it into a system of ODEs with the use of a cubic trigonometric B-splines based differential quadrature method. The system is further solved using a fifth-order optimized one-step hybrid block method. Three numerical illustrations validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme and show its better performance through very accurate results. Stability and convergence analysis are also performed.
Predicting Supramolecular Structure from the Statistics of Individual Molecular Events
Authors: Pilkiewicz Kevin R. , Rana Pratip , Mayo Michael L. , Ghosh Preetam
Published: December 2022

As manipulating the self-assembly of supramolecular and nanoscale constructs at the single-molecule level increasingly becomes the norm, new theoretical scaffolds must be erected to replace the thermodynamic and kinetics based models used to describe traditional bulk phase syntheses. Like the statistical mechanics underpinning these latter theories, the framework we propose uses state probabilities as its fundamental objects; but, contrary to the Gibbsian paradigm, our theory directly models the transition probabilities between the initial and final states of a trajectory, foregoing the need to assume ergodicity. We leverage these probabilities in the context of molecular self-assembly to compute the overall likelihood that a specified experimental condition leads to a desired structural outcome. We demonstrate the application of this framework to a toy model in whichNidentical molecules can assemble into oligomers of different lengths and conclude with a discussion of how the high computational cost of such a fine-grained model can be overcome through approximation when extending it to larger, more complex systems.
Fundamental competition of smooth and non-smooth bifurcations and their ghosts in vibro-impact pairs
Authors: Serdukova Larissa , Kuske Rachel , Yurchenko Daniil
Published: December 2022

A combined analysis of smooth and non-smooth bifurcations captures the interplay of different qualitative transitions in a canonical model of an impact pair, a forced capsule in which a ball moves freely between impacts on either end of the capsule. The analysis, generic for the impact pair context, is also relevant for applications. It is applied to a model of an inclined vibro-impact energy harvester device, where the energy is generated via impacts of the ball with a dielectric polymer on the capsule ends. While sequences of bifurcations have been studied extensively in single- degree-of-freedom impacting models, there are limited results for two-degree-of-freedom impacting systems such as the impact pair. Using an analytical characterization of impacting solutions and their stability based on the maps between impacts, we obtain sequences of period doubling and fold bifurcations together with grazing bifurcations, a particular focus here. Grazing occurs when a sequence of impacts on either end of the capsule are augmented by a zero-velocity impact, a transition that is fundamentally different from the smooth bifurcations that are instead characterized by eigenvalues of the local behavior. The combined analyses allow identification of bifurcations also on unstable or unphysical solutions branches, which we term ghost bifurcations. While these ghost bifurcations are not observed experimentally or via simple numerical integration of the model, nevertheless they can influence the birth or death of complex behaviors and additional grazing transitions, as confirmed by comparisons with the numerical results. The competition between the different bifurcations and their ghosts influences the parameter ranges for favorable energy output; thus, the analyses of bifurcation sequences yield important design information.
Financial reporting for cryptocurrency
Authors: Luo Mei , Yu Shuangchen
Published: December 2022

This study compares and contrasts US and international accounting and financial reporting practices for cryptocurrency. We analyze the financial statements of 40 global companies that have exposure to cryptocurrencies, including cryptocurrency purchases, mining, payments, trading, and investments in ICOs and early-stage blockchain ventures. We document inconsistency between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as well as distortions that can mislead users in assessing asset value, liquidity, profitability, and cash-generating abilities across firms. In particular, firms receiving cryptocurrencies in revenue-generating activities account for cryptocurrencies as intangibles using different measurement bases and classify the associated cash inflows differently. Some firms place cryptocurrencies in the usual long-term location of intangibles, while others consider intangibles as liquid, short-term assets. Limited guidance about crypto-assets from both IFRS and GAAP lets companies choose which existing standard to apply and how to apply it. Understanding the financial and valuation implications of these new virtual assets is vital for future accounting research and professional practice.
Thermal Sintering and Phosphorus Poisoning of a Layered Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Agote-Arán Miren , Jacobsen Vilde V. , Elsener Martin , Schütze Frank W. , Schilling Christian M. , Sridhar Manasa , Katsaounis Evangelos , Kröcher Oliver , Alxneit Ivo , Ferri Davide
Published: December 2022

The tightening emission regulations have led to the development of commercial DOCs with zoned or layered formulations allowing to cover a wide range of functionalities (i.e. CO, HC and NO oxidation as well as HC or NOx trap). Aging phenomena in such complex formulations are not well understood. To shed light on material deactivation, this study compares phosphorus poisoning and thermal sintering of two DOC monoliths with related formulations: (1) a commercial monolith comprising two catalytic layers where the top layer is rich in Pt, and (2) a model monolith containing only the top layer of the commercial monolith. The activity and characterisation (elemental analysis, microscopy and N2-physisorption) results are used to deconvolute the deactivation process of the two layers and should serve to rationalize the aging in layered catalyst formulations.
Effects of dietary supplementation with purple garlic powder and oregano essential oil on intestinal health in post-weaning piglets from commercial farms
Authors: Serrano-Jara Daniel , Rivera-Gomis Jorge , Tornel José Antonio , Bernabé Antonio , Martínez-Conesa Cristina , Navarro José Antonio , Cánovas Ricardo , Otal Julio , Cubero María José
Published: December 2022

This work studied the effects of the inclusion of Purple Garlic Powder (PGP) and Oregano Essential Oil (OEO) in the feed, at different doses and combinations, on intestinal health and the growth performance of 140 and 3000 piglets, respectively, weaned at 21 days of age. Seven dietary treatments were used: a negative control group (basal diet), a positive control group with ZnO (3000 mg/Kg of feed), two groups with OEO at 0.4% and 1.2% respectively, two groups with PGP at 0.4% and 2% respectively and one group with OEO at 1.2% combined with PGP at 2%. Only the positive control group received ZnO in the diet. Each group of piglets received the treatment for seven weeks, from weaning, and were later sacrificed to obtain jejunum and ileum samples for counting of goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and IgA-producing cells. The growth performance were measured at the beginning and at the end of the seven weeks. In jejunum and ileum, the number of goblet cells increased in the groups with ZnO, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2%, presenting significant differences with the rest of the groups. The results obtained for the intraepithelial lymphocyte count were in line with those obtained for the count of goblet cells. Regarding IgA-producing cells, the groups that showed significantly favourable results in the jejunum and ileum were OEO 1.2%, PGP 2% and their combination, but the groups that showed the most similar means to ZnO were the OEO 0.4% and the PGP 0.4%. Regarding the growth performance, PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and their combination had similar results to ZnO. The intestinal health of piglets could be improved, without harming the growth performance, by means of the supplementation of PGP 2%, OEO 1.2% and PGP 2% + OEO 1.2% offering a natural alternative to the use of ZnO.
DESC: Domain Adaptation for Depth Estimation via Semantic Consistency
Authors: Lopez-Rodriguez Adrian , Mikolajczyk Krystian
Published: December 2022

Accurate real depth annotations are difficult to acquire, needing the use of special devices such as a LiDAR sensor. Self-supervised methods try to overcome this problem by processing video or stereo sequences, which may not always be available. Instead, in this paper, we propose a domain adaptation approach to train a monocular depth estimation model using a fully-annotated source dataset and a non-annotated target dataset. We bridge the domain gap by leveraging semantic predictions and low-level edge features to provide guidance for the target domain. We enforce consistency between the main model and a second model trained with semantic segmentation and edge maps, and introduce priors in the form of instance heights. Our approach is evaluated on standard domain adaptation benchmarks for monocular depth estimation and show consistent improvement upon the state-of-the-art. Code available at https://github.com/alopezgit/DESC.
Stochastische Gewalt: unangemessene polizeiliche Gewaltanwendung und problematische Interaktionen als Folge systeminterner Kommunikation
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen , Zaiser Benjamin
Published: December 2022

Das Konzept stochastischer Gewalt erklärt die Entstehung von Gewalt in einem sozialen System als einen wahrscheinlichen, aber im konkreten Einzelfall nichtvorhersagbaren Prozess. Im vorliegenden Beitrag beschreiben wir das Konzept in seinem prozesshaften Verlauf und legen dabei den Analysenutzen für eine Reduktion von Gewalt in der Gesellschaft dar. Mit Blick auf das soziale Teilsystem der Polizei argumentieren wir, dass es in der Verantwortung moderner, bürgerorientierter und vom Primat der Menschenwürde geleiteter Polizei und Polizeiwissenschaft liegt, sich dieser Dynamiken bewusst zu sein, diese aufzuklären und damit ihren eigenen Beitrag zur stochastischen Reduktion von Gewalt zu leisten. Ausgehend von Daten zu problematischem polizeilichen Interaktionsverhalten stellen wir dar, wie polizeiliche Gefahrennarrative und dominanzinduzierende Kommunikation die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Gewalt im Kollektiv ermöglicht. Von dort aus ergeben sich auch die zentralen Ansatzpunkte für (eine freilich ebenfalls stochastisch wirksame) Prävention und Intervention: die Etablierung alternativer Narrative sowie einer dominanzsensiblen Kommunikation.
The Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Umer Amna , Khan Nasar , Greene David Lawrence , Habiba Umm E. , Shamim Sabiha , Khayam Asma Umer
Published: December 2022

Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects 1% of women under 40, leading to infertility. The clinical symptoms of the POF include hypoestrogenism, lack of mature follicles, hypergonadotropinism, and amenorrhea. POF can be caused due to genetic defects, autoimmune illnesses, and environmental factors. The conventional treatment of POF remains a limited success rate. Therefore, an innovative treatment strategy like the regeneration of premature ovaries by using human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) can be a choice. To summarize all the theoretical frameworks for additional research and clinical trials, this review article highlights all the results, pros, and cons of the hUC-MSCs used to treat POF. So far, the data shows promising results regarding the treatment of POF using hUC-MSCs. Several properties like relatively low immunogenicity, multipotency, multiple origins, affordability, convenience in production, high efficacy, and donor/recipient friendliness make hUC-MSCs a good choice for treating basic POF. It has been reported that hUC-MSCs impact and enhance all stages of injured tissue regeneration by concurrently stimulating numerous pathways in a paracrine manner, which are involved in the control of ovarian fibrosis, angiogenesis, immune system modulation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, some studies demonstrated that stem cell treatment could lead to hormone-level restoration, follicular activation, and functional restoration of the ovaries. Therefore, all the results in hand regarding the use of hUC-MSCs for the treatment of POF encourage researchers for further clinical trials, which will overcome the ongoing challenges and make this treatment strategy applicable to the clinic in the near future.

Graphical Abstract