bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic diversity and genome mining of type Bacillus species: Searching for genes associated with biological control of phytopathogens
Authors: Martinez-Vidales Andrea Denisse , Cervantes-Enríquez Errikka Patricia , Ruiz-Castrejón Abraham , Romero-Silva José Humberto , Ortega-Urquieta Maria Edith , Parra-Cota Fannie Isela , de los Santos-Villalobos Sergio
Published: April 2024

Objective/Background. Bacillus is a cosmopolitan bacterial genus with a great genome diversity. Thus, by exploring its genome background, it is possible to understand more about the physiological and biochemical traits involved in its biological control against phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to correlate the phylogenomic relationships of the type species of the genus Bacillus with the presence of gene clusters associated with biological control of plant pathogens, through genome mining. Materials and Methods. Based on the literature, 336 species belonging to the genus Bacillus have been reported; however, after re-classification, a total of 123 type species have been recognized, and curated genomes were found in the EzBioCloud platform (http://www.ezbiocloud.net/). The overall genome relatedness indices (OGRIs) were used for this work, which indicate how similar two sequences of a genome are. Then, the Realphy platform was used to create the phylogenomic tree 1.13 (Action-based phylogeny constructor reference). Finally, the prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) associated with the biological control of phytopathogens was carried out using antiSMASH v6.0 (https://antismash. secondarymetabolites.org/). Results. The present strategy allowed us to correlate and predict the biological control capacity of the Bacillus species under study based on their taxonomic affiliation since at a shorter evolutionary distance from Bacillus subtilis a high potential capacity to produce biological control compounds was observed. However, the possibility that they acquire the ability to produce new biocontrol compounds during their evolutionary separation is not ruled out. Conclusion. This work validates the correlation between the taxonomic affiliation of the studied Bacillus species and their biological control capacity, which is useful in the bioprospecting stage to design promising biopesticides.
Association between full blood count and urine steroid metabolome in patients with adrenal masses
Authors: Vorokhobina Natalia V. , Kalugina Valentina V. , Velikanova Ludmila I. , Shafigullina Zulfiya R. , Malevanaya Ekaterina V. , Lisitsyn Aleksandr A.
Published: April 2024

Background: Endogenous hypercortisolism of adrenal origin is commonly associated with immune suppression. However, these patients also have signs characteristic of chronic inflammatory diseases. Better understanding of the mechanisms that alter the functioning of the immune system would allow for the development of a patient-centered approach to the treatment of corticotropin-independent endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS).
Aim: To assess the association between full blood count and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based urinary steroid excretion in patients with adrenal masses depending on malignancy grade and presence of hypercortisolism.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 42 patients with adrenal masses who had not received chemotherapy. The median age of the patients was 54 [Q25; Q75: 37; 63] years, and 76% of them were female. Preoperatively, all patients had hematology tests with differential leukocyte count. Steroid metabolome was assessed with Shimadzu GCMS-TQ8050 gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.
Results: Twelve (12) patients had adrenocortical cancer (ACC) and CS, 9 patients had ACC without CS, 11 had adrenocortical adenomas (ACA) and CS, and 10 patients had ACA without CS. ACC patients had a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) than those with ACA: 3.35 [2.5; 6.3] vs 1.99 [1.41; 2.65] (р = 0.001). There was a linear correlation between NLR and serum cortisol levels after the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), urinary excretion of 5β-tetrahydrocortisol (5β-THF) (r = 0.71, p 0.001) and 11β-hydroxyandrosterone (11β-OH-An) (r = 0.74, p 0.001). The ACC patients without CS had lower 5β-THF urinary excretion values, compared to ACA with CS patients: 931 [616; 1610] and 3139 [1480; 4375] mcg/24h, respectively (р = 0.007). 11β-OH-An urinary excretion in ACC patients without CS was higher than in ACA patients with CS: 1170 [806; 1266] и 602 [320; 739] mcg/24h (р = 0.007). The NLR cut-off value for adrenal mass malignancy in patients with CS exceeded 2.72 (sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 80.0%), and for the patients without hypercortisolism was above 1.92 (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 100.0%).
Conclusion: This is the first association identification between NLR, which is the marker of systemic inflammation, inflammation, and urinary excretion of 11β-OH-An, a metabolite of 11-hydroxyandrostenedione (a member of 11-oxygenated androgen family). This extends our understanding of the impact of hormonal activity of adrenal mass cells on the immune system.
Considerations When Designing and Implementing Pragmatic Clinical Trials That Include Older Hispanics
Authors: Samper-Ternent Rafael , Silveira Stephanie L. , Stevens Alan , Volpi Elena , Naik Aanand D.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are designed to connect researchers with clinicians to assess the real-world effectiveness and feasibility of interventions, treatments, or health care delivery strategies in routine practice. Within PCTs larger, more representative sampling is possible to improve the external validity of the research. Older adults from underrepresented groups can benefit from PCTs given their historically lower engagement in clinical research. The current article focuses on older Hispanic adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs). Older Hispanic adults represent 19% of the US population and have a higher prevalence of ADRDs than Whites. We provide data from 2 PCTs about the recruitment of older Hispanics with ADRDs and discuss unique challenges associated with conducting PCTs and propose strategies to overcome challenges.

Data and Methods

The first PCT outlined is the Patient Priorities Care for Hispanics with Dementia (PPC-HD) trial. PPC-HD is testing the feasibility of implementing a culturally adapted version of the Patient Priorities Care approach for older Hispanic adults with multiple chronic conditions and dementia. The second PCT is the Dementia Care (D-CARE) Study, which is a multisite pragmatic study comparing the effectiveness of a health care system–based approach and a community-based approach to dementia care to usual care in patients with ADRDs and their family caregivers.

Lessons Learned and Recommendations for Future Studies

The lessons learned are summarized according to the various stakeholders that need to work together to effectively recruit diverse participants for PCTs: individuals, health care systems, research teams, and communities. Individual-level considerations include communication, priorities, and flexibility. Health care system–level considerations are grounded in 4 principles of Community-Based Participatory Research and include collaboration/partnership, available resources, priorities of the health care system, and sustainability. Research team–level considerations include team members, intentionality, and communication. Community-level considerations highlight the importance of partnerships, community members, and appropriate incentives.

Discussion

PCTs provide a unique and potentially impactful opportunity to test interventions in real-world settings that must be culturally appropriate to reach underrepresented groups. Collectively, considering variables at multiple levels to address the needs of older adults with ADRDs is crucial, and the examples and suggestions provided in this report are a foundation for future research.
Looking Across and Within: Immigration as a Unifying Structural Factor Impacting Cardiometabolic Health and Diet
Authors: LeCroy Madison N. , Suss Rachel , Russo Rienna G. , Sifuentes Sonia , Beasley Jeannette M. , Barajas-Gonzalez R. Gabriela , Chebli Perla , Foster Victoria , Kwon Simona C. , Trinh-Shevrin Chau , Yi Stella S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Immigration has been identified as an important social determinant of health (SDH), embodying structures and policies that reinforce positions of poverty, stress, and limited social and economic mobility. In the public health literature with regard to diet, immigration is often characterized as an individual-level process (dietary acculturation) and is largely examined in one racial/ethnic subgroup at a time. For this narrative review, we aim to broaden the research discussion by describing SDH common to the immigrant experience and that may serve as barriers to healthy diets.

Methods

A narrative review of peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies on cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and immigration was conducted.

Results

Cardiometabolic disease disparities were frequently described by racial/ethnic subgroups instead of country of origin. While cardiovascular disease and obesity risk differed by country of origin, diabetes prevalence was typically higher for immigrant groups vs United States (US)-born individuals. Common barriers to achieving a healthy diet were food insecurity; lack of familiarity with US food procurement practices, food preparation methods, and dietary guidelines; lack of familiarity and distrust of US food processing and storage methods; alternative priorities for food purchasing (eg, freshness, cultural relevance); logistical obstacles (eg, transportation); stress; and ethnic identity maintenance.

Conclusions

To improve the health of immigrant populations, understanding similarities in cardiometabolic health disparities, diet, and barriers to health across immigrant communities—traversing racial/ethnic subgroups—may serve as a useful framework. This framework can guide research, policy, and public health practices to be more cohesive, generalizable, and meaningfully inclusive.
Balanced on the Biggest Wave: Nirsevimab for Newborns
Authors: McPherson Christopher , Lockowitz Christine R. , Newland Jason G.
Published: April 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infancy in the United States. Nearly all infants are infected by 2 years of age, with bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization often occurring in previously healthy children and long-term consequences of severe disease including delayed speech development and asthma. Incomplete passage of maternal immunity and a high degree of genetic variability within the virus contribute to morbidity and have also prevented successful neonatal vaccine development. Monoclonal antibodies reduce the risk of hospitalization from severe RSV disease, with palivizumab protecting high-risk newborns with comorbidities including chronic lung disease and congenital heart disease. Unfortunately, palivizumab is costly and requires monthly administration of up to five doses during the RSV season for optimal protection.

Rapid advances in the past two decades have facilitated the identification of antibodies with broad neutralizing activity and allowed manipulation of their genetic code to extend half-life. These advances have culminated with nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the Ø antigenic site on the RSV prefusion protein and protecting infants from severe disease for an entire 5-month season with a single dose. Four landmark randomized controlled trials, the first published in July 2020, have documented the efficacy and safety of nirsevimab in healthy late-preterm and term infants, healthy preterm infants, and high-risk preterm infants and those with congenital heart disease. Nirsevimab reduces the risk of RSV disease requiring medical attention (number needed to treat [NNT] 14–24) and hospitalization (NNT 33–63) with rare mild rash and injection site reactions. Consequently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently recommended nirsevimab for all infants younger than 8 months of age entering or born during the RSV season and high-risk infants 8–19 months of age entering their second season. Implementing this novel therapy in this large population will require close multidisciplinary collaboration. Equitable distribution through minimizing barriers and maximizing uptake must be prioritized.
DESIGN, AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND MANUFACTURE OF A FLYING WING
Authors: CHICAN David , ZAHARIA Sebastian-Marian
Published: April 2024

This paper has demonstrated the feasibility of manufacturing a flying wing by performing the following steps: making a sketch of the model, establishing the preliminary design and sizing of the model, computer-aided designing using specific software systems, aerodynamic analysis of flight performance, manufacturing and assembling the components, and finally testing the motor and control elements. The wing model has a mass of 750 grams, a maximum speed of about 50 km/h and a range of 17 minutes. The wing model has been designed to accommodate a small video camera that can transmit images in real time. The wing can perform multiple missions: aerial surveillance of certain areas of interest or search and rescue missions in hard-to- reach areas.
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND REVIEW OF THE CONTROLLER PLACEMENT PROBLEM IN 5G SDN SECURED NETWORKS. OPEN ISSUES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: TACHE (UNGUREANU) Maria-Daniela , PĂSCUȚOIU Ovidiu
Published: April 2024

This paper attempts a critical analysis of the Controller Placement Problem (CPP) in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environments, identifies open issues and exploring potential solutions. The strategies to solve the CPP are examined aiming to enhance network performance, scalability, and resilience. SDN is a powerful technology used more and more in different networks. In particular the SDN control is a strong candidate proposed in 5G architectures. This study considers various aspects of CPP, including latency, reliability, and effective load distribution, which are also important in the context of 5G networks. The analysis reviews existing literature, revealing gaps in current strategies, particularly in addressing the dynamic nature of 5G architectures. Special attention is given to the multi-Controller contexts encountered in large networks, where Multi-controller Placement Problem (MCPP) emerges. This overview not only underscores the criticality of CPP in 5G SDN but also outlines some future research directions by our original proposal for a generic architecture for dynamic optimization in CPP.
Pastoralisme et frugalité numérique : évaluation des usages chez les ménages pastoraux au Sénégal
Authors: Ferrari Serena , Moniot Margot , Ba Baba , Asseloka Amadou , Ndiaye Mouhamadou Lamine , Paget Nicolas , Bonnet Pascal , Cesaro Jean-Daniel
Published: April 2024

Le développement des outils numériques chez les éleveurs pastoraux transhumants au Sud fait l’objet d’une attention croissante par les programmes de développement. La téléphonie et l’internet mobile auraient une capacité transformative pour les systèmes d’élevage pour améliorer la conduite du troupeau, la commercialisation des produits agricoles et l’accès aux services de base. Toutefois, l’accès au téléphone et à l’internet semble très variable et conditionne l’intérêt du numérique pour le pastoralisme. Il est donc essentiel de pouvoir mieux qualifier les pratiques numériques au sein des exploitations pastorales. Une enquête menée au Sénégal auprès de 316 exploitations et 1 260 individus révèle que l’utilisation du numérique est frugale, avec des usages mobiles peu connectés à internet et des terminaux souvent anciens. Les compétences et les pratiques se concentrent principalement sur les échanges verbaux. Les éleveurs reconnaissent l’intérêt des téléphones pour améliorer leurs connaissances sur la santé animale, les services de proximité et les techniques d’alimentation, en utilisant des langues locales. Cependant, il est essentiel de prendre en compte la frugalité des équipements et des connexions pour développer des solutions adaptées et favoriser une utilisation efficace et inclusive des outils numériques dans le secteur de l’élevage pastoral au Sud. L’étude encourage in fine à mener une réflexion de fond sur ce que l’inclusion numérique peut représenter et sur ses impacts.
Produção acadêmico-científica sobre inteligência artificial no campo da educação
Authors: Passone Eric Ferdinando Kanai , Vasconcelos Paula Vilela Miekusz de
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da produção acadêmico-científica sobre a Inteligência Artificial (IA) no campo da educação. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e exploratória, e realizada por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica através do banco de dados de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Orienta-se por meio da interrogação acerca das possibilidades da utilização da IA como artifício sociocultural de formação e emancipação humana, além de investigar as contribuições teóricas-metodológicas que tais produções aportam ao campo educacional. Com base em referencial teórico crítico, buscou-se inventariar os estudos e compreender como se configura esse campo de conhecimento e a relação com a educação na sociedade global.
Programa Future-se
Authors: Gomes Marco Antônio de Oliveira , Rodrigues Ana Paula Aires , Pita Crislaine Aparecida , Caetano Suzane Meneses
Published: April 2024

O artigo abrange o recorte histórico do governo Bolsonaro (2019-2022) e explicita uma análise preliminar do Programa Future-se, apresentado à sociedade pelo Governo Federal em julho de 2019. O intento com a produção deste texto é contribuir para o debate de modo a possibilitar uma compreensão mais ampla acerca das proposições presentes no referido programa. Salienta-se que a discussão apresentada se caracteriza como uma pesquisa documental, a partir da análise histórica das configurações sociais que contribuíram para a elaboração do Future-se. Essas configurações, por sua vez, em nossa avaliação, encontram-se alicerçadas no ideário neoliberal, que tende, via de regra, pautar as ações de modo mercadológico. Entendemos, portanto, que a hegemonia do neoliberalismo traz implicações para todas as esferas da vida social atual. A análise nos levou a considerar que o Programa Future-se representa uma real ameaça a autonomia universitária e suas proposições afetarão de modo negativo a educação pública superior. Isso porque, segundo nossa avaliação, trata-se de um cavalo de Tróia, que se apresenta como modernizador, mas, tende a abrir precedentes que poderão implicar na concretização de políticas neoliberais, por meio do vínculo público-privado.
História do autismo na Viena Nazista de Hans Asperger
Authors: Passos-Santos João Paulo dos , Herold Júnior Carlos
Published: April 2024

SHEFFER, E. Crianças de Asperger: as origens do autismo na Viena nazista. Tradução de Alessandra Bonrruquer. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2019.
O que Pode um Psicanalista na Pediatria Oncológica: Do Luto ao Desejo do Analista
Authors: Mesquita Marina Leorne Cruz , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: April 2024

Este artigo parte das reflexões e dos questionamentos advindos da prática como psicóloga residente no setor pediátrico de um hospital oncológico. Local onde entramos em contato com crianças e adolescentes atravessados pelos efeitos físicos e psíquicos do tratamento do câncer. A partir da orientação ética e teórica psicanalítica, oferecemos um lugar de fala a esses seres, muitas vezes silenciados pela lógica médica. Diante disso, surgem os questionamentos: o que podemos oferecer a essas crianças e esses adolescentes? Como fazer valer a orientação psicanalítica diante da dureza do adoecimento e tratamento oncológico? E, então, o que pode um analista no acompanhamento de crianças e adolescentes com câncer? Com o objetivo de nortear nossas respostas, apresentamos um caso clínico como instrumento para a realização de um estudo teórico-clínico, guiado pelos ensinamentos de Freud e Lacan. O trabalho de luto e o real da clínica guiam a discussão a partir da análise da prática clínica. No retorno à teoria, chegamos ao desejo do analista como função que possibilita a sustentação do nosso trabalho diante do real da clínica oncológica com crianças e adolescentes.
The Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Adoption Impact on Customer Loyalty for the Fashion Brands
Authors: Wu Chih-Wen
Published: April 2024

Technology can be seen everywhere and has been integrated into our lives.We are always using technology and enjoying the convenience brought by technology. However, physical retailers and e-commerce companies are also gradually adopting advanced technologies. Technology improves the purchasing environment and purchasing experience. Virtual reality and augmented reality have been hotly discussed in recent years. Technology, although virtual reality and augmented reality technology have not yet matured, it can be said that they will in the future It has great development potential. Virtual reality and augmented reality are also beginning to sprout in the retail industry. However, research on the acceptance of the use of virtual reality and augmented reality in the apparel shopping process is still lacking because This study explores how usefulness, ease of use, hedonicity, customer experience, customer engagement and satisfaction. To influence customer loyalty, this study adopted questionnaire survey and convenience sampling methods, and collected a total of 308 valid questionnaires. The analysis method used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model to verify the research hypothesis relationship. The results of this study found. Hedonic has a significant impact on customer loyalty, while usefulness, ease of use, customer experience, customer engagement and satisfaction Satisfaction does not have a significant impact on customer loyalty. This study explains the academic contribution of the research results. The practical implications in marketing are put forward, and specific suggestions and directions for future research are given.
The Empirical Research of Women Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Performance in the Entrepreneurship Policy Context
Authors: Wu Chih-Wen
Published: April 2024

The research fills the policy research gap for the women entrepreneurship and sustainability performance for examining key successful factors. Previous women entrepreneurship research fails to offer policy recommendations. The research purpose is to investigate these factors affect women entrepreneurship capabilities and sustainability performance by using SEM analysis and making policy recommendation. This research employs online and mail survey and obtains 175 women entrepreneur sample. The study finds that family support and motivation have positive effect on women entrepreneurship capabilities and sustainability performance. Barriers have no effect on performance. Hopefully, the research can provide the guidance to contribute to women’s entrepreneurship opportunities for achieving SDGs. Policy recommendation and managerial implication are discussed in the article.
Elementary Particles and Their Interaction with Space-Time Curvature
Authors: Lavi Eran Magshim
Published: April 2024

This article begins with exploring fundamental limits in the universe. It examines key principles, such as the uniformity of physical laws and Energy conservation, that lead to maximum speed, locality, and maximum density. These universal limits govern physical phenomena, leading to very interesting results.I demonstrate that quarks and leptons comprise smaller entities named "Quantum Black Holes." These Quantum black holes are relativistically rotating miniature charged black holes consisting of a single core at the highest possible density. Quantum black holes are the only structures small enough in space-time capable of keeping all charges quantized (including gravitational charges.)By the end of the article, I prove that Quantum black holes explain the deficiencies of SM. They facilitate explanations of quantized gravity, the nature of Luminous and dark Matter, establishing the Mass, size, and (quantized) charges quantities of elementary particles, the nature of neutrino oscillations, and more. Elementary particles release their Energy outward, altering the curvature of nearby space-time and providing new insights into the nature of space-time curvature change. With this understanding, we can characterize movements and processes in local space-time using five sets of equations simultaneously: four representing the four charge types and one representing Dark Matter.
Role of Community Infrastructure in Improving Nutrition in Under-Five Children for Better Implementation of Integrated Child Development Services
Authors: Sarkar Jaimini , Sarkar Chiradeep
Published: April 2024

Background: In India, 26 million children are born every year. These Children (0-6 years) comprise 13% of the country's total population. Methods: We used anonymized, publicly available secondary data from the India National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). Descriptive statistical analysis and regression analysis of the data have been done. Results: The study shows a linear correlation between the variables of internet access to women and children under five years who are underweight (weight-for-age) in India. The analysis shows Goodness of Fit with an R square value of 0.9960. Conclusion: The study clearly shows that when compared, community daycare centers (AWCs) have a limited role in the child's nutrition, but Internet access to the mothers can be a determinant of the child's nutrition. Internet access to women can help reduce the number of underweight children under five years and improve overall maternal and child health as well as public health.
Toward Enhanced Seed Potato Yield: Exploring Ultrasonication Techniques in Agricultural Engineering
Authors: Pszczółkowski Piotr , Piotr Barbaś , Farhan Alaa K. , Krochmal-Marczak Barbara , Sawicka Barbara
Published: April 2024

Ultrasound, as mechanical waves with frequencies exceeding 20 thousand hertz, has found wide applications in medicine, physiotherapy, and more recently in agriculture. This study aimed to investigate the impact of ultrasound on potato yield and its parameters, particularly on seed potato yield, quantity, mass, and multiplication coefficient of potato tubers. The research was based on a three-year field experiment, utilizing the randomized block design in a split-split-plot arrangement, in the central-eastern region of Poland. The primary factor were technologies: a) technology with employing ultrasonic pre-planting treatment, b) traditional cultivation without this treatment. The secondary factors were potato varieties. Sonication of tubers was conducted using a bath-type ultrasonic device equipped with piezoe-lectric transducers. Results revealed a significant influence of cultivation technology, cultivar, and weather conditions on seed tubers yield, quantity, and multiplication coefficient of potato tubers. However, genetic traits of the examined varieties and random factors significantly affected the individual seed tuber mass and the number of shoots emerging from a single tuber. Future Outlook: Future research could focus on further optimizing ultrasound application techniques in potato cultivation, considering diverse varieties and environmental conditions. Additionally, it would be worthwhile to analyze the long-term effects of ultrasound on tuber seed potato quality and their ability to adapt to changing climatic and soil conditions. Furthermore, studies investi-gating the impact of ultrasound on other plant species could broaden our understanding of po-tential benefits in agriculture.
Hematological parameters and plasma biochemistry of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum from fish farms in the Amazon region
Authors: Farias Flávia Dayane Félix , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , Liebl Ariany Rabello da Silva , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Sores , Barai Alexandre Augusto , Anselmo Neiana Pereira , Cabral Tiago Nóbrega , Oliveira Adriano Teixeira de
Published: April 2024

The tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the main species of edible fish originating from fish farming in the Amazon region. This study aimed to determine and compare the hematological and biochemical parameters of tambaqui from fish farms in municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Two fish farms were sampled in a semi-excavated pond-type breeding system in each of the five towns investigated (Presidente Figueiredo, Manaus, Iranduba, Manacapuru and Novo Airão), totaling ten breeders. On each farm, ten specimens were captured, totaling 100 animals. Blood was collected by caudal puncture, and hematological and biochemical parameters were determined using the methodology described for teleosts fish. For the erythrogram in the variables of hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocytes, significant differences were observed in Iranduba and Novo Airão, demonstrating indications of anemic processes and dehydration. For plasma biochemistry, low levels were observed in fish from Iranduba and Novo Airão. High values in lipid compounds were found in tambaqui from Manacapuru. High intraspecific variation was found in the leukogram and thrombogram, which determined similarities between tambaqui from different farms and municipalities. On the other hand, fish from Manacapuru have an inappropriate diet, indicated by the high levels of cholesterol and triglycerides found in the blood.
Flexible Strain Sensors for Walking Gait Monitoring
Authors: Feng Junping , Shi Lei , Zhu Yuting , Huang Fei , Aw Kean
Published: April 2024

This review delves into the growing field of flexible and stretchable strain sensors utilized in human gait analysis, focusing on determining knee bending angle and muscle activities when a human subject walks. Recent advancements have enabled these sensors to accurately capture biomechanical parameters while accommodating the body's natural movements. We examine the principles underlying these sensors' design and fabrication techniques, emphasizing their flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility for seamless integration into wearable systems. Through critical evaluation of existing methodologies, we assess the reliability and validity of these sensors in quantifying gait parameters. Furthermore, we discuss this technology's clinical and research implications, highlighting its potential in personalized rehabilitation and sports performance optimization. We provide an overview of flexible strain sensors and their application for analyzing human walking gait, especially for observing walking gait in rehabilitation programs. First, we present the basic working principles of various flexible strain sensors. Second, by the application of flexible strain sensors as walking gait monitoring. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in this research area are discussed. By synthesizing current knowledge and outlining future directions, this review aims to provide insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to leverage flexible and stretchable strain sensors for comprehensive human gait analysis.
Occurrence of Freshwater Stingrays in the Uatumã River Basin, Amazon Region: A Field Study
Authors: Gomes Maria Fernanda da Silva , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Soares , Guimarães Cristiane Cunha , Nóbrega Tiago Cabral , Paixão Rayana Melo , Santos Adriene Nuzia de Almeida , Oliveira Adriano Teixeira de
Published: April 2024

The Amazon region has the most incredible diversity of freshwater stingrays; however, there are still places where information about this group is scarce. The present work aims to record the occurrence of freshwater stingrays in the Uatumã river basin, Amazonas, Brazil. For this, collections were carried out in three municipalities bathed by the Uatumã River, Presidente Figueiredo, Itapiranga and São Sebastião do Uatumã. The rays were collected through fishing using a hand net and, after capture, were identified through the pattern of the dorsal and ventral color of the disc, the absence or presence of the labial groove and the organization of the row of spines on the tail, too were also measured, weighed and sexed. In total, 69 specimens of Potamotrygonines were captured, 59 of which were from the genus Potamotrygon and ten individuals from the genus Paratrygon. The present study provides preliminary information on the characteristics of freshwater stingray species that may occur in the Uatumã River. Furthermore, new research is necessary to improve the identification of specimens to determine the diversity and elucidate aspects related to the biology of elasmobranchs in the Uatumã River Basin, Brazil.
Design of a Mulitmodal Detection System and Its First Application in Tea Selection Process
Authors: Kuang Zhankun , Yu Xiangyang , Guo Yuchen , Cai Yefan , Hong Weibin
Published: April 2024

A multimodal detection system with complementary capabilities for efficient detection was developed for impurity detection. The system consisted of a visible light camera, a multispectral camera, image correction and registration algorithms. It can obtain spectral feature and color feature at the same time, and has higher spatial resolution than a single spectral camera. This system was applied to detect impurities in Pu ’er tea to verify its high efficiency. The spectral and color features of each pixel in the images of Pu ’er tea were obtained by this system and used for pixel classification. The experimental results show that the accuracy of Support Vector Machine (SVM) model based on combined features is 93%, which is 7% higher than that based on only spectral features. By applying median filtering algorithm and contour detection algorithm to the label matrix extracted from pixel-classified images, 8 impurities except hair were detected successfully. Moreover, taking advantage of the high resolution of visible light camera, small impurities can be clearly imaged. By comparing the segmented color image with the pixel-classified image, small impurities such as hair could be detected successfully. Finally, it is proved that the system can obtain multiple images to allow a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the detected items, and has excellent ability to detect small impurities.
Viral Hijacking of Host RNA-Binding Proteins: Implications for Viral Replication and Pathogenesis
Authors: Tania Cyrielle NGNOTOUOM NGNOKAM , Kuete Chanelle MAGNILACK , SERGE ANDIGEMA ANGYIBA
Published: April 2024

In the intricate dance between viruses and host cells, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) serve as crucial orchestrators of gene expression and cellular processes. We will delve into the riveting realm of viral hijacking, where viruses deftly exploit host RBPs to manipulate cellular machinery for their replication and pathogenesis. Through a masterstroke of molecular subterfuge, viruses co-opt RBPs involved in various facets of RNA metabolism - from transcription to degradation - to promote viral gene expression and evade host immune defenses. This manipulation leads to global alterations in cellular RNA metabolism, impacting essential host genes vital for immune responses and homeostasis.Unveiling this clandestine alliance between viruses and RBPs is not just a scientific pursuit, but a critical imperative for devising innovative antiviral strategies to disrupt these interactions. By unraveling the intricate interplay between viral proteins and host RBPs throughout the viral life cycle - from entry to assembly - researchers aim to identify vulnerabilities that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Strategies such as disrupting viral protein-RBP interactions hold promise for inhibiting viral replication and curbing pathogenesis, offering a beacon of hope in the battle against viral infections.Our manuscript elucidates the indispensable roles played by RBPs in viral replication, translation, and pathogenesis, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms driving viral success. Delving deeper, it explores how viruses intricately entwine with host RBPs, manipulating cellular signaling pathways to create a hospitable environment for viral spread. By dissecting these manipulative tactics, researchers uncover new targets for antiviral therapy, envisioning a future where tailored interventions disrupt viral-host RBP interactions with precision and efficacy.As the narrative unfolds, the therapeutic implications of targeting RBPs or their interactions with viral proteins emerge as a promising frontier in the fight against viral infections. From small molecule inhibitors to RNA-based therapeutics, innovative approaches are on the horizon, offering new avenues for combatting viral diseases. We set the stage for future research, beckoning researchers to delve deeper into the molecular intricacies of viral hijacking of RBPs and charting a course towards novel therapeutic interventions that promise to reshape the landscape of antiviral therapy.\Ultimately, it beckons the scientific community to embark on a voyage of discovery, unraveling the secrets of viral hijacking of RBPs and paving the way for transformative advances in antiviral therapeutics. The stage is set for a new chapter in the battle against viral infections, where knowledge becomes the sword and innovation the shield against the pernicious machinations of viral pathogens.
Metal-Ceramic Ultradisperse 3D Composite Coatings
Authors: Sagalovych Alexey , Sagalovych Vladislav , Dudnik Stanislav , Popov Viktor
Published: April 2024

Experimental studies on the development of processes of obtaining ultradispersed metal-ceramic materials and coatings Mo-ZrO2, Mo-Al2O3, W-ZrO2, W-Al2O3 CVD by deposition from the gas phase in CO2 process using low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma were carried out.The structure, microhardness, phase composition, and high-temperature annealing behavior of the materials were studied. It is shown that the choice of parameters of the deposition process and temperature annealing can be controlled by the distribution function of ultradispersed particles in the material and their sizes.High-temperature X-ray studies of "molecular" two-phase alloys Mo- Al2O3 and Mo- ZrO2show that, depending on the elastic and thermal properties of the matrix materials and dispersed particles, the molybdenum matrix can be in an all-round tensed or all-round compressed state.In the study of the electro-physical characteristics of the two-phase disperse-strengthened alloys Mo- ZrO2, Mo- Al2O3, W- ZrO2, W- Al2O3 it has been established that in the region of temperatures 1023...1273K anomalous changes of specific electrical resistance and instability of thermal eddy in magnitude are observed apparently connected with the presence of internal stresses in material caused by ultradisperse particles.Theoretical aspects of the problem of increasing the carriers density in nanocomposite materials are reviewedTheoretical analysis of the effect of the ensemble of microparticles on the change of electron density in ultradisperse metal-ceramic materials is carried out. It is shown that the average values of the electron density in the matrix with the introduction of 1% of particles with a radius of 50 A increase by more than two orders of magnitude.The possibilities of creating ultradisperse compositions using radiation-plasma methods are considered.
COVID-19 Vaccination in South Asia –Challenges Faced, and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Khetrapal Sonalini , Bhatia Rajesh
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected seven South Asian countries because of rampaging virus and weak health system response. Vaccination commenced in all countries during early 2021, once the vaccines became available in the international market. Vaccines were donated by international development partners, friendly countries and procured utilizing domestic resources and financial support from various agencies. All countries opted for a phasing of the vaccination by prioritizing high risk populations which included health care personnel, front line workers and elderly with comorbidities. Seven vaccines that had WHO emergency authorization usage were utilized in South Asia. India produced more than 2.4 billion doses of AstraZeneca vaccine and has indigenously developed five COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine inequity was obvious and characterized by fewer people in South Asia vaccinated with single dose vis a vis the developed countries. Vaccine hesitancy was another obstacle that kept the vaccination rates low. Difficult to reach areas in Afghanistan, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal could not fully access vaccines. South Asian countries need to strengthen their health system for efficient deployment of vaccines in future health emergencies. At the same time the global agencies and developed countries must address the issue of vaccine access to low-income countries to mitigate the impact of pandemic all over the world.
Development of Biomedical Technology From the Perspective of Ethics and Law
Authors: Sun Zhangsheng , Zhang Kexin
Published: April 2024

The normative and safeguarding role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, as well as their importance in promoting the progress of the industry, analyzed the key role of ethics and law in the field of biomedical science and technology, by restricting scientific research behavior, protecting the rights and safety of subjects, providing a solid guarantee for scientific research activities, and promoting the healthy development of biomedical science and technology. At the same time, the positive role of ethics and law in promoting international cooperation and exchange of biomedical science and technology is also discussed, which will inject strong impetus into the global development of biomedical science and technology. In addition, through case analysis, the paper demonstrates the key role of ethical review in the field of biomedical science and technology, as well as the importance of law in maintaining market order, protecting subjects' rights and interests, and fairness and justice. The successful practice of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology is emphasized, which proves that following ethical principles and legal framework is the key factor to promote the progress of biomedical science and technology. This paper explores the important role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, and provides valuable reference and guidance for practitioners in the industry. By following ethical principles and legal norms, we will jointly promote the prosperity and development of biomedical science and technology, and contribute to the common progress of human health.
Studies on the PII-PipX-NtcA Regulatory Axis of Cyanobacteria Provide Novel Insights into the Advantages and Limitations of Two-Hybrid Systems for Protein Interactions
Authors: Salinas Paloma , Bibak Sirine , Cantos Raquel , Tremiño Lorena , Jerez Carmen , Mata Trinidad , Contreras Asunción
Published: April 2024

Yeast two-hybrid approaches, which are based on fusion proteins that must co-localise to the nucleus to reconstitute the transcriptional activity of GAL4 have greatly contributed to understand the nitrogen interaction network of cyanobacteria, whose main hubs are the trimeric PII and the monomeric PipX regulators. The bacterial two-hybrid system, based on the reconstitution in the E. coli cytoplasm of the adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis, should provide a relatively faster and presumably more physiological assay for cyanobacterial proteins than the yeast system. Here we use the bacterial two-hybrid system to gain additional insights into the cyanobacterial PipX interaction network while simultaneously assessing the advantages and limitations of the two most popular two-hybrid systems. Comprehensive mutational analysis of PipX and bacterial two-hybrid assays were performed to compare outcomes between yeast and bacterial systems. We detected interactions previously recorded in the yeast two-hybrid system as negative as well as a “false positive”, the self-interaction of PipX, which is rather an indirect interaction dependent on PII homologs from the E. coli host, a result confirmed by Western analysis with relevant PipX variants. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the molecular basis of a false positive in the bacterial two-hybrid system.
Graphene Oxide 2D Films for Integrated Thermo-Optic Devices
Authors: Moss David
Published: April 2024

Efficient heat management and control in optical devices, facilitated by advanced thermo-optic materials, is critical for many applications such as photovoltaics, thermal emitters, mode-locked lasers, and optical switches. Here, we investigate the thermo-optic properties of 2D graphene oxide (GO) films by precisely integrating them onto microring resonators (MRRs) with control over the film thicknesses and lengths. We characterize the refractive index, extinction coefficient, thermo-optic coefficient, and thermal conductivity of for the GO films with different layer numbers and degrees of reduction, including reversible reduction and enhanced optical bistability induced by photo-thermal effects. Experimental results show that the thermo-optic properties of 2D GO films vary widely with the degree of reduction, with significant polarization anisotropy, enabling efficient polarization sensitive devices. The versatile thermo-optic response of 2D GO substantially expands the scope of functionalities and devices that can be engineered, making it promising for a diverse range of thermo-optic applications.
Analyzing the Genetic Variation and Geographic Distribution Patterns of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Strains: Significance for Developing Sustainable Control Methods in Citrus Production in Burkina Faso
Authors: Zerbo Kevin Ben Fabrice , Yameogo Florence , Wonni Issa , Somda Irénée
Published: April 2024

It is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the genetic variation among different strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc), which is responsible for causing citrus bacterial canker. This understanding is important for studying the disease’s characteristics, population structure, and evolution, and ultimately for developing sustainable methods of control. A total of 48 strains, obtained from citrus production areas in Burkina Faso in 2012, 2020, and 2021, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests using specific primers. The aim was to examine the distribution of type 3 effectors (T3E) and determine the geographical origins of the strains. The examination of the distribution of type 3 non-transcription activate like effectors (TALE) indicates a broader range in strains obtained in 2020 and 2021 compared to those obtained in 2012. However, all strains possess a shared set of three genes, specifically XopE2, XopN, and AvrBs2. Furthermore, all examined effectors were observed in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Regarding the characterization of TALEs, two profiles containing two to three TALEs were discovered. Profile 1, consisting of two TALEs, was found in 37 Xcc strains, whereas Profile 2, comprising three TALEs, was detected in 11 strains. Out of the three TALEs (A, B, and C) that were identified, TALEs B and C were present in all strains. The correlation matrix indicated a positive association between the T3E content of strains and the duration of their isolation. Principal component analysis revealed a limited organization of the strains under investigation