bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling metal effects on CO2 uptake in pyrene-based metal-organic frameworks
Authors: P. Domingues Nency , Pougin Miriam J. , Li Yutao , Moubarak Elias , Jin Xin , Uran F. Pelin , Ortega-Guerrero Andres , Ireland Christopher P. , Schouwink Pascal , Schürmann Christian , Espín Jordi , Oveisi Emad , Ebrahim Fatmah Mish , Queen Wendy Lee , Smit Berend
Published: February 2025

Pyrene-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have tremendous potential for various applications. With infinite structural possibilities, the MOF community often relies on simulations to identify the most promising candidates for given applications. Among thousands of reported structures, many exhibit limited reproducibility — in either synthesis, performance, or both — owing to the sensitivity of synthetic conditions. Geometric distortions that may arise in the functional groups of pyrene-based ligands during synthesis and/or activation cannot easily be predicted. This sometimes leads to discrepancies between in silico and experimental results. Here, we investigate a series of pyrene-based MOFs for carbon capture. These structures share the same ligand (1,3,6,8–tetrakis(p–benzoic acid)pyrene (TBAPy)) but have different metals (M-TBAPy, M = Al, Ga, In, and Sc). The ligands stack parallel in their orthorhombic crystal structure, creating a promising binding site for CO2. As predicted, the metal is shown to affect the pyrene stacking distance and, therefore, the CO2 uptake. Here, we investigate the metal’s intrinsic effects on the MOFs’ crystal structure. Crystallographic analysis shows the emergence of additional phases, which thus impacts the overall adsorption characteristics of the MOFs. Considering these additional phases improves the prediction of adsorption isotherms, enhancing our understanding of pyrene-based MOFs for carbon capture.
Validated space radiation exposure predictions from earth to mars during Artemis-I
Authors: Slaba Tony C. , Rahmanian Shirin , George Stuart , Laramore Diego , Norbury John W. , Werneth Charles M. , Zeitlin Cary
Published: February 2025

Accurate characterization of space radiation exposure is critical to assess and communicate multiple health risks for crewmembers participating in future exploration missions. A combination of models and on-board instruments are utilized to meet this requirement. In this work, computational models are evaluated against spaceflight measurements taken within the International Space Station, the Orion spacecraft, the BioSentinel CubeSat, and on the Martian surface. All calculations and measurements cover the exact same time period defined by the Artemis-I mission, and all model calculations were performed blind—without prior knowledge of the measurements. The models are shown to accurately characterize the absorbed dose-rate in highly complex and diverse shielding configurations in locations from Earth to Mars.
Particle swarm optimization based analysis to unlocking the neutrino mass puzzle using $$SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times A_{4}\times S_2\times Z_{10} \times Z_{3}$$ flavor symmetry
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Waheed , Zafar Abrar Ahmad , Aslam Muhammad Naeem , Bhatti Abdul Aziz , Hussain Talab , Iqbal Munawar , Abdo Mohammed S.
Published: February 2025

New research has highlighted a shortfall in the Standard Model (SM) because it predicts neutrinos to have zero mass. However, recent experiments on neutrino oscillation have revealed that the majority of neutrino parameters indeed indicate their significant mass. In response, scientists are increasingly incorporating discrete symmetries alongside continuous ones for the observed patterns of neutrino mixing. In this study, we have examined a model within
$$SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times A_{4}\times S_2\times Z_{10} \times Z_{3}$$
symmetry to estimate the neutrino masses using particle swarm optimization technique for both mass hierarchy of neutrino. This model employed a hybrid seesaw mechanism, a combination of seesaw mechanism of type-I and type-II, to establish the effective Majorana neutrino mass matrix. After calculating the mass eigenvalues and lepton mixing matrix upto second order perturbation theory in this framework, this study seeks to investigate the scalar potential for vacuum expectation values (VEVs), optimize the parameters,
$$U_{PMNS}$$
matrix, neutrino masses:
$${m_{1}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(upper)=4.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{2}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(upper)=4.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{3}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(upper)=4.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{1}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(upper)=3.8628\times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{2}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(upper)=4.0548\times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{3}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(upper)=3.8532\times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{1}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(lower)=2.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{2}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(lower)=2.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{3}^{\prime }}^{(N)}(lower)=2.0000 \times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{1}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(lower)=1.1049\times 10^{-2}\ eV,$$

$${m_{2}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(lower)=3.9298\times 10^{-2}\ eV$$
and
$${m_{3}^{\prime }}^{(I)}(lower)=9.6381\times 10^{-3}\ eV,$$
effective neutrino mass parameters:
$$\langle {m_{ee}} \rangle ^{N}(upper)=40.0050 \ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{\beta }} \rangle ^{N}(upper)=40.0025\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{ee}} \rangle ^{I}(upper)=39.2181\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{\beta }} \rangle ^{I}(upper)=39.2257\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{ee}} \rangle ^{N}(lower)=20.0024\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{\beta }} \rangle ^{N}(lower)=20.0012\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{ee}} \rangle ^{I}(lower)=19.6608\ meV,$$

$$\langle {m_{\beta }} \rangle ^{I}(lower)=23.5908\ meV,$$
are predicted for both mass hierarchy through particle swarm optimization (PSO), showing strong agreement with recent experimental findings. The Dirac CP-violating phase
$$\delta$$
is measured to be
$$-\pi /2$$
.
Response of Red Sea phytoplankton biomass to marine heatwaves and cold-spells
Authors: Theodorou Iason , Krokos George , Gittings John A. , Darmaraki Sofia , Hoteit Ibrahim , Raitsos Dionysios E.
Published: February 2025

In tropical oceans, phytoplankton experience significant alterations during marine heatwaves (MHWs), yet the consequences of reduced or absent marine cold-spells (MCSs) on these microscopic algae are currently overlooked. Synergistically combining in situ measurements, Argo-float data, remotely-sensed observations, and hydrodynamic model outputs, we explore such relationships in the Red Sea. Results show a long-term (1982 to 2018) gradual increase in MHW days (5–20 days/decade) and a clear decrease in MCS days (10–30 days/decade). Compound extreme temperature and chlorophyll-a events (Chl-a – an index of phytoplankton biomass) exhibit consistently lower Chl-a concentrations during MHWs and higher ones during MCSs, particularly in the northern and southern Red Sea. In these regions, during the main phytoplankton-growth period, the presence of MHWs/MCSs leads to respective Chl-a anomalies in 94% of the cases. Yet, phytoplankton responses in the central Red Sea are more complex, most likely linked to the region’s highly dynamic circulation (e.g., mesoscale anti-cyclonic eddies), and multiple nutrient sources. In the naturally warm and stratified ecosystem of the Red Sea, where deeper mixed layers enhance the transfer of nutrient-rich waters to the lit zone, the substantial reduction of MCSs could be more impactful for phytoplankton than the gradual rise of MHWs.
Spatial differentiation and coupling between village development intensity and landscape pattern of 100 villages in Anhui, China
Authors: Zhang Bohang , Zhou Jiahan , Chen Lihua
Published: February 2025

Spatial development and landscape pattern are fundamental elements of the land system of village. Analysing the spatial differentiation and coupling relationship between spatial development intensity and landscape pattern is of great significance for the development and protection of village land resources. In order to address the current research lack on the coupling response between village spatial development intensity and landscape pattern, a technical method for analysing the spatial differentiation and coupling relationship between village spatial development intensity and landscape pattern is constructed based on the methods of village spatial development intensity model, landscape pattern index, bivariate spatial autocorrelation model, coupling degree and coupling coordination degree model. Taking 100 villages in Anhui Province, China as an example, the spatial distribution characteristics and coupling characteristics of village spatial development intensity and landscape pattern are analysed. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the spatial distribution of village spatial development intensity and landscape pattern in Anhui Province. The village spatial development intensity shows a pattern of the Northern Anhui plain region (NAPR) > along the Yangtze River plain region (YRPR) > Jiang-huai Hilly region (JHHR) > Southern Anhui mountainous region (SAMR) > Western Anhui mountainous region (WAMR). The village landscape pattern in NAPR and YRPR are high fragmentation, while the village in JHHR has the lowest fragmentation, and the villages in SAMR and WAMR show relatively low fragmentation. The spatial coupling relationship between village spatial development intensity and landscape pattern is mainly characterised by high-high clustering and low-high clustering. The coupling coordinated development of villages in NAPR is the best, followed by YRPR, JHHR and SAMR, and WAMR is the worst. There is only a significant multi-linear relationship between village landscape pattern and multiple spatial development intensity indicators in WAMR and NAPR. The spatial differentiation and coupling relationship are influenced by both natural geographical factors and human activity factors. Finally, the study puts forward some targeted countermeasures and suggestions. The research results can provide theoretical method and practical application reference for village land space development and protection and village planning.
Catalytic degradation of norfloxacin using persulfate activation by Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide catalyst supported on activated carbon
Authors: Adly Adel , Galal Mona M , Matta Minerva E
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the catalytic degradation of Norfloxacin (NOR), a persistent fluoroquinolone antibiotic, using a novel Ni-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide supported on Activated Carbon (NiFe-LDH@AC) as a catalyst. The composite was designed to activate persulfate (PDS) and generate sulfate radicals for NOR degradation in aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, FTIR, and BET confirmed the successful synthesis and structural integrity of the composite. The optimal degradation was achieved with a NiFe-LDH@AC ratio of 2:1, 0.3 g/L catalyst dosage, and 1 g/L PDS, resulting in 86% NOR removal efficiency within 60 min at neutral pH and ambient temperature for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L, and 100% removal for initial concentrations of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L under the same conditions. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated as 58.27 kJ/mol. Radical scavenging experiments identified sulfate (SO₄˙⁻) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals as the dominant reactive species, but the SO₄˙⁻ played a larger role. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited good reusability, maintaining 75% degradation efficiency after four cycles, and showed minimal metal leaching. The study also proposed a mechanism for PDS activation using XPS analysis and suggested NOR degradation pathways through LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Moreover, the NiFe-LDH@AC/PDS system demonstrated 84% NOR degradation and 55% COD removal in real treated wastewater. Results demonstrated that the NiFe-LDH@AC composite effectively activated PDS, achieving high NOR removal efficiency, making it a promising sustainable material for wastewater treatment.
Health system performance on greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and development status in 38 OECD countries
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey , Tran Yvonne , Fisher Georgia , Ellis Louise A , Smith Carolynn L , Zurynski Yvonne
Published: February 2025

Health systems must solve two climate-related problems simultaneously: mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to additional patient loads associated with climate-induced demands for care from weather sequalae and vector-borne diseases. We aimed to benchmark the mitigation and adaptive efforts of OECD member countries compared with their health system performance. We used Multidimensional Scaling and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to group all 38 OECD member countries as at January 2024. Clusters were defined according to greenhouse gases per capita, vulnerability to climate change and the United Nations’ Human Development Index. Post hoc analyses compared each cluster’s performance to the OECD’s Health Care Quality Indicators. The countries fell into five profiles: Vulnerable low emitters; Vulnerable aspiring; Middle of the road; Robust aspiring; and Goldilocks zone. Post-hoc analyses revealed strong links between the profiles and health system performance. Characterising countries in a five-dimensional model may help policymakers to share benchmarked country-level information, devise ways to support resilient care practices, better target healthcare investments, and improve access to needed care.
Extreme two-phase change of ionospheric electron temperature overshoot during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Smirnov Artem , Shprits Yuri , Lühr Hermann , Pignalberi Alessio , Kronberg Elena , Prol Fabricio , Xiong Chao
Published: February 2025

An intense surge in the equatorial electron temperature (Te) at sunrise, known as the morning Te overshoot, has been one of the defining ionospheric features since its discovery early in the Space Age. Despite decades of study, the behavior of the morning overshoot during geomagnetic storms remains poorly understood. We report a two-stage response of the morning Te overshoot to geomagnetic activity, uncovered by a neural network model. Electron temperatures show an initial enhancement during the storm’s main phase, followed by a drastic depletion exceeding 1000 K and disappearance of the overshoot in the recovery phase. This two-phase change aligns with the early influence of westward prompt penetration electric field, overtaken by the development of the eastward disturbance dynamo later in the storm. These electric field changes affect vertical plasma drifts that redistribute electron densities, modifying ionospheric cooling rates. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamics of one of the most widely studied ionospheric features and showcase the potential of new-generation digital twin models of near-Earth space environment to reveal previously unrecognized physical patterns.
Implementation report on pioneering federated data access for the German National Emergency Department Data Registry
Authors: Bienzeisler Jonas , Kombeiz Alexander , Ehrentreich Saskia , Otto Ronny , Schirrmeister Wiebke , Pegoraro Marco , Brammen Dominik , Puladi Behrus , Röhrig Rainer , W Majeed Raphael
Published: February 2025

Continuous access to electronic health records will fuel the digital transformation of medicine. For data-sharing initiatives, the challenge lies in ensuring data access aligns with the interests of data holders. Federated data access authorization, where data remains controlled locally, may offer a solution to balance these interests. This paper reports on a digital health implementation of the federated data access authorization system used in the German National Emergency Department Data Registry. Using data from 2017 to 2024, we analyzed the system’s effectiveness in managing data access in a nationwide research network of 58 emergency departments. Facilitating access to more than 7.9 million records, 75% of data access queries were authorized within 15 days. The system also supports periodic queries, enabling recurring real-time access. Query volumes grew from 15 to over 23,000 by 2024, with completion rates of 86%. The system may thus serve as a blueprint for data-sharing initiatives worldwide.
Copper nanocubes as low-cost enzyme mimics in a sarcosine-sensing reaction cascade
Authors: Tripathi Anuja , Styczynski Mark P.
Published: February 2025

Copper nanocubes as low-cost enzyme mimics for sarcosine sensing.
A new approach to a first order irreversible homogeneous chemical reaction followed by an electrochemical process (CiE mechanism): theory, simulation and application
Authors: Chioquetti Rafael A. L. , Bacil Raphael P. , Serrano Silvia H. P.
Published: February 2025

A new chronoamperometric approach to easily assess the kinetics of first order chemical reactions (CiE mechanism) was developed and validated through simulations and experiments.
The role of ancillary ligands on benzodipyridophenazine-based Ru(ii)/Ir(iii) complexes in dark and light toxicity against TNBC cells
Authors: T. Nivedya , Das Rishav , Kumar R. Selva , Shanavas Shanooja , Rangaswamy Bhaskar , Aatif A Mujthaba , Mukherjee Chandrapaul , Roy Riona , Sengupta Jhimli , Bose Bipasha , Kumar S. K. Ashok , Paira Priyankar
Published: February 2025

Impact of ancillary ligands on the anticancer activity of benzodipyridophenazine-based Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes (Ru1, Ru2, Ir1, and Ir2) were invesigated.
Sex differences in cardiac fibrosis induced by gestational exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics in mice offspring
Authors: Li Xin , Cao Haotian , Yang Qianqian , Yu Siqi , Huang Lizheng , Liu Qiao , Xiao Xinyi , Chen Siqi , Ruan Jialing , Zhao Xinyuan , Su Liling , Fang Yihu
Published: February 2025

The increasing accumulation of plastics in the environment has raised concerns regarding their potential health hazards.
Immune cell activation produces locally scrambled foci of plasma membrane lipids
Authors: Sputay Daryna , Doktorova Milka , Chan Sze Ham , Guo Emma , Wang Hong-Yin , Lorent Joseph Helmuth , Levental Ilya , Levental Kandice
Published: February 2025

Most eukaryotic cells maintain a large disparity in lipid compositions between the cytosolic and external leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM) bilayer. This lipid asymmetry is maintained by energy-consuming flippase...
Effects of tocotrienol-enriched oat supplementation on metabolic profile, nutritional status and health-related quality of life among patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Norazman Camilla Wahida , Mohd Sopian Mastura , Lee Lai Kuan
Published: February 2025

Tocotrienol-enriched oat is potent to ameliorate metabolic syndrome parameters and quality of life.
Electrochemically assisted deprotection of acetals, ketals, and dithioacetals under neutral conditions
Authors: Abe Yuka , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Takuhei , Esaka Yukihiro , Ikawa Takashi , Sajiki Hironao
Published: February 2025

A novel electrochemical deprotection method for acetals, ketals and dithioacetals was developed, yielding carbonyl compounds. LiClO4 acts as both an electrolyte and oxygen source, while 1,3,5-trioxane enhances reaction efficiency as a Li activator.
Iron-photocatalyzed desulfurizing chlorination with seawater
Authors: Gu Boning , Zhao Yinsong , Li Chengliang , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: February 2025

A desulfurizing chlorination of aryl thioethers was developed by harvesting chloride from seawater via iron-photocatalysis to afford aryl chlorides. The utilization of natural seawater and gram-scale reaction demonstrated its practicability.
Scratch-Resistant Sapphire Nanostructures with Anti-Glare, Anti-Fogging, and Dust-Mitigation Properties
Authors: Chien Kun-Chieh , Kepenekci Mehmet , Tunell Andrew , Chang Chih-Hao
Published: February 2025

While there has been significant interest in the novel material properties of bio-inspired nanostructures, engineering them to be mechanically durable remains a significant challenge. This work demonstrates sapphire nanostructures with...
Electrochemical impedance model-assisted optimization of biomass hierarchical porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Ren Xu , Liu Ling , He Ridong , Gao Yanfang
Published: February 2025

An impedance model was used to evaluate the charge storage capacity and ion transfer rate of supercapacitors prepared with pomelo peel biomass porous carbon electrodes using templates and activators.
Direct trideuteromethylselenation with a shelf-stable reagent Se-methyl-d3 selenosulfonate
Authors: Guo Guofang , Zhang Yan , Huang Ziting , Liu Wen , Lu Xueyi , Liu Zihan , Xiao Xu-Qiong , Bai Ying , Shao Xinxin
Published: February 2025

An electrophilic trideuteromethylselenating reagent, Se-methyl-d3 benzenesulfonoselenoate has been developed for direct functionalization of a broad range of nucleophiles or electrophiles.
Light stimulation enhanced detection of NO at ppb-level at room temperature using MoS2/WSe2/GaN heterostructure sensor
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Varshney Urvashi , Gupta Govind
Published: February 2025

With rapid technological advancement, there is a strong demand for developing efficient and precise gas sensing systems for monitoring toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides and ubiquitous pollutants from industrial and vehicular emissions.
Cellulose-based bioactive material and turmeric-impregnated flexible and biocompatible scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Shendage Shital S. , Kachare Kranti , Gaikwad Kajal , Kashte Shivaji , Mai Fu-Der , Ghule Anil Vithal
Published: February 2025

Cellulose-based cotton fabric impregnated with a bioactive material and turmeric acts as a flexible, biocompatible, eco-friendly, and cost-effective material for bone regeneration applications.
Tetrabromobenzene-based molecular alloys – a tool for tailoring the temperature of the thermosalient phase transition
Authors: Klaser Teodoro , Stepančić Oskar , Popović Jasminka , Pisk Jana , Pavić Luka , Picek Igor , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Skoko Željko
Published: February 2025

The temperature of the thermosalient phase transition can be tuned within a range of 15 °C by varying the TBB content by 8% in the molecular TBB–TCB alloys.
Reduced lattice thermal conductivity and strong four-phonon scattering in h-B12 assembled from boron clusters on a honeycomb lattice
Authors: Zhang Ting , Yang Yu-Run , Liu Xu , Wang Jing , Liu Zhao , Liu Ying
Published: February 2025

Icosahedral B12 clusters are embedded in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice through cluster assembly, effectively suppressing phonon transport.
Synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolinimines and 1,3-diiminoisoindolines catalyzed by rare earth metal alkyl complexes through tandem addition/cyclization of nitriles with amines
Authors: Guo Dianjun , He Jinqiang , Yuan Qingbing , Zhou Shuangliu , Zhu Xiancui
Published: February 2025

Rare earth metal alkyl complexes can promote the reactions of 2-imino-benzonitriles and substituted phthalonitriles with amines to produce the corresponding 2,3-dihydroquinazolinimines and 1,3-diiminoisoindolines in moderate to excellent yields.
Polyfluorinated reagents for peptide stapling
Authors: Lin Wanzhen , Ding Xin , Han Jun-Wei , Yu Li-Shuang , Chen Fa-Jie
Published: February 2025

Fluorinated reagents have emerged as a valuable tool in peptide chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in polyfluorinated reagents for peptide stapling, exploring their design principles, reaction mechanisms, and biological applications.
Molecular trap engineering enables superior high-temperature charge–discharge efficiency in a polymer blend with densely packed molecular chains
Authors: Zhang Qiyan , Zhuo Juntian , Liao Wugang , Huang Shuangwu , Dong Shuxiang
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate a strategy to hinder charge transport in all-organic polymer composites by incorporating high electron-affinity molecular semiconductors into densely packed polymer blends.
The Role of Parental Temperament and Parent–Child Fit in Two Stuttering Therapy Programs for Preschool-Aged Children Who Stutter: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Berani Diellza , Franken Marie-Christine , Stipdonk Lottie
Published: February 2025

Purpose:

To understand factors contributing to therapy success, this study investigated the role of parents' temperament and the fit between parents' temperament and parent-reported child behavior problems in therapy outcomes across two therapy types.

Method:

A total of 177 children who stutter and their parents were included in this study. Data from 149 children were present at the follow-up. Children received either Lidcombe Program (LP) or Rotterdam Evaluation Study of Stuttering Therapy randomized trial–Demands and Capacities Model (RESTART-DCM) therapy. Parents' temperaments and children's behaviors were measured at baseline. At 18 months of therapy postonset (T4) and 5 years later (T5), the children's remittance or persistence in stuttering was assessed.

Results:

High parental novelty seeking and high harm avoidance were associated with transient stuttering at T4 in the entire sample. Looking across therapies, novelty seeking remained significant in the RESTART-DCM group at T4, whereas in the LP group, significant associations were observed for reward dependence (at T4 and T5) and persistence (at T4). Meanwhile, none of the parent–child fits were associated with therapy outcome.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that for preschoolers receiving treatment, parents who tend to seek novelty and exploration, as well as those with greater vigilance toward harm, have a positive impact on therapy success. In contrast, socially dependent parents might have a negative impact on therapy success in children receiving LP treatment, whereas diligent parents could serve as a protective factor in this therapy. These exploratory results should be interpreted with caution, and future research will be crucial to confirm and further interpret these results.
Toward a Taxonomy for Supraglottic Structure Vibrations in Voice: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Aaen Mathias , Sadolin Cathrine , McGlashan Julian
Published: February 2025

Objective:

Supraglottic structures can be used as a sound source in both pathological and healthy voice production. In professional voice users, supraglottic vibration phenotypes have been previously identified; however, at present, no reviews integrating literature on the topic are available. This narrative literature review provides an integrative narrative to develop a taxonomy of supraglottic sound sources, including distinguishing vibrational strategy, level of control, number of vibrating sources, and phenotypes.

Method:

This study used a narrative literature review integrating extant literature on supraglottic sound source use in professional voice users into a taxonomy.

Results:

Supraglottic sound source use can be described according to four dimensions: (a) vibrational strategy including supplementary or substitutional functions, (b) level of control including intentional and unintentional supraglottic vibrations, (c) number of supraglottic sources including unisource and multisource types, and (d) supraglottic phenotypes related to ventricular-on-ventricular, arytenoid-on-arytenoid, cuneiform/arytenoid apex-on-epiglottis, and aryepiglottic fold and laryngeal mucosa low amplitude vibrations. The physiology, acoustic impact, electroglottographic oscillation, and sound exemplars are discussed for each phenotype. The narrative review highlights several gaps in current knowledge about both specific supraglottic vibration patterns and overlaps between pathological and healthy supraglottic sound source use.

Conclusions:

Supraglottic sound sources and their use can be described in an integrative taxonomy for professional voice users along four dimensions that each describes distinct facets. The taxonomy has conceptual, health, pedagogical, perceptual, and potentially clinical relevance, each of which is discussed in turn.
A structure‐prior guided adaptive context selection network for remote sensing semantic segmentation
Authors: Xu Shengjun , Shen Rui , Liu Erhu , Ma Zongfang , Du Miao , Liu Jun , Zhan Bohan
Published: February 2025

In remote sensing image segmentation, recognizing buildings is challenging when the visual evidence from pixels is weak or when buildings belong to small, spatially structured objects. To address this issue, a structure‐prior guided adaptive context selection network (SGACS‐Net) is proposed for remote sensing semantic segmentation. The core is to use structure‐prior knowledge to dynamically capture prior contextual information and higher‐order object structural features, thereby improving the accuracy of remote sensing building segmentation. First, an adaptive context selection module is designed. By dynamically adjusting the spatial sensing field, this module effectively models the global long‐range context information dependencies. It captures varying context information of buildings at different scales, thereby enhancing the network's ability to extract building feature representations. Second, a structure‐prior guided variable loss function is proposed. It utilizes the structural features of building points, lines, and surface to identify key regions. By leveraging advanced structure‐prior knowledge, it enhances the network's ability to express structural features. Experimental results on two datasets show that the proposed SGACS‐Net outperforms other typical and state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of remote sensing semantic segmentation performance.
ZnO‐based memristor for random number generator: The case of current compliance
Authors: Hajiabadi Zohreh , Purnama Irwan , Nugroho Asep , Cao Hanyu , Chandrasekaran Sridhar , Mukhtar Husneni , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Chong Harold M. H. , Thomas David B. , Simanjuntak Firman M.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to exploit the resistance states of Cr/ZnO/TiN memristors to generate random numbers. A random number generator (RNG) circuit employing a single memristor is proposed. We suggest that current compliance (CC) is a significant parameter in determining the quality of randomness; it is found that low CCs (20‐50 µA) have a wide resistance state distribution that facilitates random bits. This work provides insight into the implementation of memristors for data security applications.
On Power Electronic Converter's Architecture and Control for Overtopping Breakwater for Wave Energy Conversion
Authors: Rubino Luigi , Langella Roberto
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the power electronic converter's architecture and control for overtopping breakwater for wave energy conversion (OBREC) systems for the first time for this kind of technology. After a recall of the main OBREC's components, their dynamic models and control strategies are briefly summarized. Then, an innovative maximum power point tracking strategy is proposed, and a proactive overview of different existing power electronic architectures to connect the OBREC system to the harbour's electrical distribution systems is conducted. The whole converter's control design process is preliminarily tested utilizing the processor‐in‐the‐loop tool implemented in the Matlab environment. Finally, two numerical case studies on a realistic scenario are discussed and commented.
Synthetic pulsar light curves from global kinetic simulations and comparison with the Fermi -LAT catalog
Authors: Cerutti Benoît , Figueiredo Enzo , Dubus Guillaume
Published: February 2025

Rotation-powered pulsars represent the main class of identified gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy. The wealth of observational data collected by the AGILE and Fermi gamma-ray space telescopes in the GeV range and by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes in the TeV band provide invaluable insights into how relativistic plasmas dissipate and accelerate particles. Decoding the information contained in the gamma-ray pulses profile is an important step to understanding how pulsars work. In this study, we aim to put an ab initio plasma model of pulsar magnetospheres to the test, in light of the most recent gamma-ray observations in the GeV and TeV bands. We present a new series of global particle-in-cell simulations of an inclined pulsar magnetosphere. We have reconstructed high-quality synthetic pulse profiles in the synchrotron and inverse Compton channels to study their morphology and their energy dependence in greater detail. We also performed a fit of observed light curves with the model, using the third Fermi -LAT gamma-ray pulsar catalog. Reconnection in the wind current sheet powers synchrotron and inverse Compton emission. The modeled pulse profiles reproduce some of the salient features of observed gamma-ray pulsars, including the mysterious Vela-like light curves, such as: the generic double-peaked structure, the presence of a bridge or third peak in between the main pulses, and the pulse narrowing with increasing energy. The bolometric synchrotron radiative efficiency is strictly limited by the reconnection rate. Our global kinetic simulations demonstrate a good match to observed pulse profiles. Such direct comparisons will help drive and focus the development of future simulations.
More is better: strong constraints on the stellar properties of LEGA-C z∼1 galaxies with Prospector
Authors: Nersesian Angelos , van der Wel Arjen , Gallazzi Anna R. , Kaushal Yasha , Bezanson Rachel , Zibetti Stefano , Bell Eric F. , D'Eugenio Francesco , Leja Joel , Martorano Marco , Wu Po-Feng
Published: February 2025

We present the stellar properties of 2908 galaxies (1208 quiescent and 1700 star forming) at $0.6 < z < 1.0$ from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) survey. We emphasize the importance of high signal-to-noise, high spectral resolution spectroscopy in the inference of stellar population properties of galaxies. We estimated the galaxy properties with the Bayesian spectral energy distribution (SED) framework Prospector . We fit spectroscopy and broadband photometry together, drawn from the LEGA-C DR3 and UltraVISTA catalogs, respectively. We report a positive correlation between light-weighted ages and stellar velocity dispersion (σ_⋆). The trend with σ_⋆ is weaker for the mass-weighted ages and stellar metallicity (Z_⋆). At fixed σ_⋆, we find a tentative correlation between Z_⋆ and stellar age. On average, quiescent galaxies are characterized by high Z_⋆; they are ∼ 1.1 Gyr older, less dusty, and have steeper dust attenuation slopes (due to a lower optical depth) compared to star-forming galaxies. Conversely, star-forming galaxies are characterized by significantly higher dust optical depths and shallower (grayer) attenuation slopes. Low-mass (high-mass) star-forming galaxies have lower (higher) Z_⋆, while their stellar populations are on average younger (older). A key pragmatic result of our study is that a linear-space metallicity prior is preferable to a logarithmic-space one when using photometry alone, as the latter biases the posteriors downward. Spectroscopy greatly improves stellar population measurements and is required to provide meaningful constraints on age, metallicity, and other properties. Pairing spectroscopy with photometry helps to resolve the dust–age–metallicity degeneracy. Spectroscopic data yield more accurate mass- and light-weighted ages, with ages inferred from photometry alone suffering such large uncertainties that their utility is limited. Stellar metallicities are constrained by our spectroscopy, but precise measurements remain challenging (and impossible with photometry alone), particularly in the absence of Mg and Fe lines redward of 5000 Å in the observed spectrum.
Radio dimming associated with filament eruptions in the meter and decimeter wavebands
Authors: Hou Zhenyong , Tian Hui , Yan Jingye , Madjarska Maria S. , Zhang Jiale , Xu Yu , Chen Hechao , Wu Zhao , Wu Lin , Lv Xuning , Yang Yang , Liu Yujie , Deng Li , Feng Li , Qiu Ye
Published: February 2025

Filament eruptions are considered to be a common phenomenon on the Sun and other stars, yet they are rarely directly imaged in the meter and decimeter wavebands. Using imaging data from the DAocheng solar Radio Telescope (DART) in the 150−450 MHz frequency range, we present two eruptive filaments that manifest as radio dimmings (i.e., emission depressions). Simultaneously, portions of these eruptive filaments are discernible as dark features in the chromospheric images. The sun-as-a-star flux curves of brightness temperature, derived from the DART images, exhibit obvious radio dimmings. The dimming depths range from 1.5% to 8% of the background level and show a negative correlation with radio frequencies and a positive correlation with filament areas. Our investigation suggests that radio dimming is caused by free-free absorption during filament eruptions obscuring the solar corona. This may provide a new method for detecting stellar filament eruptions.
Investigating the investment strategy of electricity quality in the electricity supply chain considering peak-valley pricing policy
Authors: Chen Wei , Cui Mengyao , He Yawen , Jing Fuying
Published: February 2025

Several countries around the world undergo a lot of economic losses due to electricity quality problems every year. Electricity supply chain (ESC) enterprises can effectively reduce economic losses by investing in electricity quality (EQ). Considering the investment decision-making problem of EQ in the ESC and the characteristics of peak-valley pricing, corresponding models for EQ invested by electricity generators (EG) and electricity retailers (ER) were developed in this work. Based on this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The electricity quality and the electricity prices during peak and valley periods (PVP) as well as the electricity demand during peak and valley periods decreased with the increase in the electricity quality investment cost coefficient (EQICC); (2) When the EQICC is low, the EQ input by the EG can provide lower electricity prices during peak and valley periods. On the contrary, when the EQICC is high, the EQ investment of the ER provides lower electricity prices during peak and valley periods. (3) Compared to the investment in EQ by the EG, the investment in EQ by the ER can provide higher EQ and bring higher profits.
Telemedizinische Anwendungen auf Blutspendeterminen
Authors: Meyer Oliver
Published: February 2025

Die Hämotherapie-Richtlinie der Bundesärztekammer fordert bei der Durchführung
von Blutspendeterminen zwingend die physische Präsenz einer ärztlichen Person.
Allerdings wird es aufgrund des Ärztemangels immer schwieriger die Termine –
gerade in ländlichen Gebieten – adäquat mit Ärztinnen oder Ärzten zu besetzen.
Ein Ausweg aus dieser Situation könnte der Einsatz telemedizinischer Verfahren
sein, wie es auch im Transfusionsgesetz vorgesehen ist. Dieser Praxistipp fasst
die Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zusammen, die vom DRK-Blutspendedienst NSTOB
durchgeführt wurde. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurden mobile Vollblutentnahmen
ärztlicherseits telemedizinisch betreut. Darüber hinaus war aber eine ärztliche
Person auf dem Termin präsent und die Spendewilligen konnten sich frei
entscheiden, ob sie telemedizinisch betreut werden wollten. In diesem Fall
erfolgten Anamnesegespräch und Tauglichkeitsfeststellung durch entsprechend
geschulte, nicht-ärztliche Mitarbeiter. Die Video-Kommunikation mit der
ärztlichen Person erfolgte über eine von der KBV zertifizierte
Videosprechstunden-Software. Von den 568 erschienenen Spendewilligen entschieden
sich 528 (92,9%) für die Variante der telemedizinischen Betreuung. Auf Grund der
geringen Spenderanzahl hat die Studie viele Limitation, es konnten aber wichtige
Erfahrungen gewonnen werden, welche räumlichen, technischen und personellen
Voraussetzungen erforderlich sind, um telemedizinisch betreute Blutspendetermine
erfolgreich durchführen zu können.
Sollten SGLT-2-Hemmer auch bei Dialysepatienten zum Einsatz kommen?
Authors: Wolf Gunter
Published: February 2025

In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Behandlung von Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes grundsätzlich geändert. Hier ist insbesondere die Organprotektion (Kardio- und Nephroprotektion) in den Vordergrund gerückt. So stellen SGLT-2-Inhibitoren (SGLT-2: „sodium glucose linked transporter 2“) nun die Basistherapie für diese Personengruppe dar. Das im November 2022 erschienene Update zu den Leitlinien der KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) zur Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen berücksichtigt diese Tatsache.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Incidence of No Prenatal Care
Authors: Tanamoto Takaki , Hayasaka Misa , Robbins Lindsay Speros , Saade George , Kawakita Tetsuya
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To examine the impact of COVID-19 on the racial disparity in prenatal care utilization in the United States before and during the pandemic.
Study Design:
This was a cross-sectional study using the National Vital Statistics Data from 2018 to 2022. Our focus was on low-risk individuals who delivered singleton pregnancies at term. The analysis was restricted to Black and White individuals to explore racial disparities. The study periods based on the last menstrual period (LMP) were pre-pandemic (March 2018-February 2020) and pandemic (March 2020-February 2022). The primary outcome was the rate of no prenatal care. We employed interrupted time series analysis (ITSA), negative binomial regression models, adjusting for confounders, seasonality, and autocorrelation. We conducted post-estimation analyses to calculate the counterfactual and actual incidences of outcomes for individuals with an LMP in March 2020 and February 2022. Difference-in-difference (DID) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was estimated.
Results:
The analysis included 3,511,813 individuals in the pre-pandemic period and 5,163,486 in the pandemic period. For individuals with LMP in March 2020, the actual incidences of no prenatal care per 100 births were 3.2 (95% CI 3.0, 3.3) for Black individuals and 1.6 (95% CI 1.2, 2.0) for White individuals. The difference between counterfactual and actual no prenatal care rates per 100 births for Black individuals was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2, 0.5), indicating a significant increase in no prenatal care. Conversely, there was no significant difference for White individuals. DID analysis further demonstrated that this increase was greater in Black individuals compared to White individuals (DID per 100 births 0.3 [95% CI 0.1, 0.5]).
For individuals with LMP in February 2022, this difference in disparity further worsened (DID per 100 births 0.8 [95% CI 0.4, 1.2]).
Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the incidence of no prenatal care, which disproportionately affected Black individuals.
Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Phthalimide–Pyrimidine Hybrid Analogues to Thalidomide as Potent Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Youssif Shaker , Shehta Wael , Alsaiari Norah A. , Farag Basant , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Elfeky Sherin M , El-Kalyoubi Samar , Osman Nermine A.
Published: February 2025

Condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 2-(6-amino-2-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione and 2-(6-amino-2-hydrazineylpyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione afforded 2-(2-chloro-6-((3 alkylbenzylidene)amino) pyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives 6a–f and 2-(6-amino-2-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives 8a–f, respectively, as phthalimide–aminopyrimidine hybrids. The compounds showed a wide range of antitubercular activities against sensitive MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis strains, with 8f and 6a showing the highest activity; these compounds inhibited sensitive M. tuberculosis with MIC of 0.48 and 0.98 μg/mL, respectively, comparable to isonizide (INH) (MIC = 0.12 μg/mL). Both 8f and 6a inhibited the MDR strain with MIC of 1.95 and 7.81 μg/mL, respectively, and XRD with MIC of 7.81 and 15.63 μg/mL, respectively. Both 8f and 6a inhibited mycobacterial InhA enzyme in vitro (IC50 = 0.717± 0.033 μM and 1.646± 0.069 μM, respectively). Molecular docking simulations revealed that 8f and 6a were also capable of interacting at the catalytic site of the InhA enzyme via binding with NAD+ and Tyr158, in a manner similar to that of the native ligand. Compounds 6a and 8f exhibited physicochemical properties of oral bioavailable drug-like compounds with high gastrointestinal absorption. Predictions showed that the compounds are unlikely to have side effects on the CNS and no anticipated hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, or acute oral toxicity was identified in models.
Patellofemoral Instability: Preoperative Considerations and Postoperative Imaging
Authors: Atinga Angela , Wasserstein David , Sidhu Manpreet Singh , Tomescu Sebastian , Probyn Linda
Published: February 2025

Patellofemoral instability is common, often affecting young female patients. It contributes to significant morbidity, such as pain and premature osteoarthritis. Patient presentation varies, from acute instability events to chronic/recurrent instability. This article provides a detailed description of the anatomy and biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint and relates it to the pathology of patellofemoral instability. There are well-recognized predisposing anatomical factors, such as trochlear morphology, patella height, excessive lateralization of the tibial tubercle, excessive valgus alignment, and femoral or tibial torsion.

Diagnosis of patellofemoral instability requires a thorough clinical history and physical examination, combined with a multimodality imaging approach. Imaging is useful in surgical planning to define the severity of predisposing anatomical factors and to detect postoperative complications. The operative management of patellofemoral instability targets predisposing anatomical factors, such as medial stabilizing ligament reconstruction or repair, tibial tubercle osteotomy, femoral trochleoplasty, coronal plane realignment osteotomy, and torsional osteotomy.
Imaging of Reparable and Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Murthy Sindhoora , Shen Michelle , Lemos Diego F. , Alaia Michael J. , Alaia Erin F.
Published: February 2025

This review offers a comprehensive discussion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of rotator cuff tendon repair and joint-preserving surgical options for patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears. Deciding to proceed with arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tendon tear is impacted both by clinical factors and morphological imaging features. Preoperative clinical and imaging features also predict the likelihood of success of a rotator cuff tendon repair and are important to recognize. In patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears and relatively preserved glenohumeral cartilage, various joint-preserving surgical options are available and seen increasingly in clinical practice.

The acceptable range of postoperative imaging findings correlating with a functionally intact rotator cuff repaired tendon, and MRI findings that are either suggestive of or definitive for rotator cuff tendon repair failure are discussed in detail, with attention to the Sugaya classification. Ancillary features, such as progressive retraction of the myotendinous junction and the degree of muscle fatty atrophy, can be used as problem-solving tools in cases equivocal for rotator cuff retear. Finally, this review discusses in detail the most common joint-preserving treatment options for patients with irreparable rotator cuff tears, including an in-depth focus on superior capsular reconstruction.
Tophaceous Gout Mimicking a Neoplasm of the Patella
Authors: Vuurberg Gwendolyn , Rooy Jacky W.J. de , Vanhoenacker Filip M.
Published: February 2025

Tophaceous gout of the patella and extensor apparatus of the knee can mimic a musculoskeletal neoplasm. Considering gout, correlation with clinical history and presentation, and meticulous analysis of imaging semiology are key to a correct diagnosis. The most useful signs are periarticular erosion with overhanging edges, increased soft tissue on radiography and computed tomography, the “snowstorm sign” on ultrasound, variable signal and enhancement, bandlike infiltration of tendons, and osseous erosions with no or little bone marrow edema on magnetic resonance imaging. Dual-energy computed tomography is both a sensitive and specific tool for noninvasive characterization of gout and for differentiating other crystal arthropathies.