bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Smart Bio-Medical Active Polymeric Hydrogel Transdermal Materials
Authors: Lebedeva Katerina , Cherkashina Anna , Masikevych Yuriy , Masikevych Andrew , Voronkin A. A. , Lebedev Vladimir
Published: February 2024

In this article, effective 3D printing modeling technology of smart bio-medical polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials based on gelatin and sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, was researched. Such smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel materials showed interesting applicability in tissue engineering fields due to their intrinsic biological compatibility, adaptability, and capacity to replicate the extracellular matrix environment. A literature review was carried out and proved that 3D printing modeling technology is a perspective for the functional effect on the smart bio-medical polymer hydrogel transdermal properties. Smart biomedical polymeric transdermal hydrogel patches were produced using a micromolding technique. A stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer was used to print the master mold. The three-stage technology of lignite humic acids modification of smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal microneedles patches based on gelatin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and sodium alginate was designed. It was shown that modification of gelatin-sodium alginate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-sodium alginate biopolymer hydrogels by humic acids makes it possible to obtain smart biologically active polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials with an increased swelling degree and ability to improve the skin moisture-lipid balance (from the initial moisture 34–36 % and fatness 8–10, they increase to 58–66 % and 52–60 %). Finally, the developed 3D printing modeling technology of smart bio-medical polymeric hydrogel transdermal materials hydrogel based on gelatin sodium alginate, modified by humic acids, is a transdermal material with required properties.
Optimization of Cold Spray Nozzles Based on the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kun Tan , Wenjie Hu , Yurong Wang
Published: February 2024

Spraying technical parameters are important factors that affect spraying efficiency. Most studies on spraying technical parameters use single-factor methods to study the speed of spray particles, and few scholars have studied the joint influence of multiple factors. This article uses gas temperature, particle size, and gas pressure as independent variables, and the independent variables interact. The design-expert method was used to establish a linear regression equation model of the velocity of sprayed Al and Cu particles at the Laval exit and the velocity before deposition with the substrate, and the response surface analysis method was used to predict the optimal spraying parameters of Al and Cu particles. The study found the contribution rate of three factors to particle velocity: the prediction of particle velocity at the exit of the Laval nozzle and before deposition with the substrate was realized; the error between the predicted value of particle velocity and the actual value obtained by simulation is less than 1.6 %, indicating that the speed linear regression equation established is effective and reliable in predicting the simulation results; the optimal spraying parameters and particle speeds of Al and Cu particles were obtained through response surface analysis.
Plant Growth, Fruit Yield, and Tomato Leaf Curl Disease of High Tunnel Organic Tomato Affected by Shade Net and Plastic Mulch Color
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos , Bag Sudeep , Coolong Timothy , Luo Xuelin , Hodges Amanda , Bashyal Mamata , Milner Hayley , Konakalla Naga Charan , Pitcher Adam
Published: February 2024

There is an increasing interest in producing organic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in high tunnels (HTs) in the southeast United States. HTs are unheated, passively cooled structures that allow tomato growers to harvest high-quality fruit out of season. However, excessive temperatures inside HTs may negatively impact tomato plant growth and fruit yield. Shade nets have been reported to reduce temperatures inside the HTs. Plastic mulch color has also significantly influenced plant growth and yield under high-temperature conditions. This study aimed to determine the effects of shade net color and plastic mulch color on plant growth, fruit yield, and incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLC) in ‘Red Snapper’ tomato grown in HTs under elevated temperatures (summer-fall) in southern Georgia, USA. Organic ‘Red Snapper’ tomato seedlings were transplanted in HTs in 2019 (Season 1) and 2020 (Season 2). The design was a split-plot randomized block where the main plots were externally mounted shade nets (black, silver, and unshaded; 30% shade factor), and the subplots were plastic mulches (black and white). Compared with black mulch, white mulch improved plant height and stem diameter but did not influence fruit yields. Shade nets reduced HT air temperature and root zone temperature (RZT) but did not affect plant height and stem diameter. The diminished photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) under the shade nets reduced marketable fruit yield. Thus, shade nets are not recommended once heat challenges do not limit HT tomato production in Georgia (after about mid-October). Shade nets and plastic mulch inconsistently affected TYLC incidence, severity, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Additional fruit yield reductions occurred due to TYLC because the incidence was 100% 6 weeks after transplanting. Preliminary insect data showed that shade net treatments had similar sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) numbers. The high TYLC incidence indicates that ‘Red Snapper’ may not be suitable for fall HT tomato production in the southeast United States. More research on shading and heat stress management in HT organic tomato production is necessary.
CPPU Improves Fruit Setting and Growth in Greenhouse-grown Oriental Melons (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Makino)
Authors: Hsu Hsiao-Ching , Chen Wei-Ling
Published: February 2024

The production of melons (Cucumis melo L.) in greenhouses relies on pollination. Extreme temperature and insufficient light reduce not only flower visitation by pollinators but also pollen viability, resulting in inefficient pollination. In this study, we investigated the effects of forchlorfenuron [(N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)] on the fruit setting and growth of oriental melons (C. melo L. var. makuwa Makino). The primary objective was to devise a new strategy for the management of oriental melons. Treatment with 5 mg·L−1 CPPU a day before flowering (T1), on the day of flowering (T2), and a day after flowering (T3) increased the fruit setting rate (by 20.1% to 30%) in melons subjected to artificial pollination (AP) or no pollination (NP) compared with the rate in those subjected to only artificial pollination without CPPU (CK). CPPU treatment induced unfertilized seeds; in addition, a tendency toward parthenocarpy was noted. The highest fruit setting rate (∼95%) was noted in plants subjected to the following treatments: AP+T1 and NP+T3. The rates of abnormal fruit formation decreased from 45.2% of CK group to 9.4% in plants subjected to AP+T1 and to 19.4% in those subjected to NP+T3. Elevated exogenous concentrations of CPPU markedly increased fruit weight. Plants subjected to NP+10 mg·L−1 CPPU bore the heaviest fruits (541.0 g), which were heavier than those borne by plants subjected to AP+10 mg·L−1 CPPU. CPPU treatment reduced the fruit cavity ratio in a concentration-dependent manner from 47.3% to 33.6% and increased the pulp thickness from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Notably, supplementary CPPU treatment exerted no significant effects on fruit traits. Regarding taste, inconsistent results were obtained for sugar accumulation. Although the content of cucurbitacin B increased immediately after the initial CPPU treatment, it markedly decreased after 15 days of CPPU treatment. Therefore, mature melons did not have a bitter taste.
divERGe implements various Exact Renormalization Group examples
Authors: Profe Jonas B. , Kennes Dante M. , Klebl Lennart
Published: February 2024

We present divERGe, an open source, high-performance C/C++/Python library for functional renormalization group (FRG) calculations on lattice fermions. The versatile model interface is tailored to real materials applications and seamlessly integrates with existing, standard tools from the ab-initio community. The code fully supports multi-site, multi-orbital, and non-SU(2) models in all of the three included FRG variants: TU^22FRG, N-patch FRG, and grid FRG. With this, the divERGe library paves the way for widespread application of FRG as a tool in the study of competing orders in quantum materials.
Bacterial community assessment of drinking water and downstream distribution systems in highland localities of Ecuador
Authors: Molina C. Alfonso , Quiroz-Moreno Cristian , Jarrín-V. Pablo , Díaz Magdalena , Yugsi Elizabeth , Pérez-Galarza Jorge , Baldeón-Rojas Lucy
Published: February 2024

Bacterial communities in drinking water provide a gauge to measure quality and confer insights into public health. In contrast to urban systems, water treatment in rural areas is not adequately monitored and could become a health risk. We performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to analyze the microbiome present in the water treatment plants at two rural communities, one city, and the downstream water for human consumption in schools and reservoirs in the Andean highlands of Ecuador. We tested the effect of water treatment on the diversity and composition of bacterial communities. A set of physicochemical variables in the sampled water was evaluated and correlated with the structure of the observed bacterial communities. Predominant bacteria in the analyzed communities belonged to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The Sphingobium genus, a chlorine resistance group, was particularly abundant. Of health concern in drinking water reservoirs were Fusobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae; these families are associated with human and poultry fecal contamination. We propose the latter families as relevant biomarkers for establishing local standards for the monitoring of potable water systems in highlands of Ecuador. Our assessment of bacterial community composition in water systems in the Ecuadorian highlands provides a technical background to inform management decisions.
Statistical evaluation of trends of water quality monitoring parameters relevant to cyanobacterial blooms in the urban tropical reservoir
Authors: Francisco da Silva Junior Antonio Francisco , Ribeiro Katia , Moraes José Ermírio Ferreira de , Hanisch Werner Siegfried
Published: February 2024

The accelerated growth of cyanobacteria in water bodies is a global critical environmental issue caused by continuous discharges of effluents into the environment that are rich in phosphorus and nitrogen. So, cyanobacteria have found propitious conditions for proliferation, provoking significant ecological imbalances. Cyanobacteria produce cyanotoxins, which are harmful to life, and compounds like 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin that affect water's taste and odor. This study analyzed a long-term database of important environmental parameters from a tropical reservoir in São Paulo State, Brazil. The statistical methods of correlation matrices and principal component analysis were used. Data analysis revealed a significant relationship between cyanobacteria growth and high levels of phosphate and nitrogen. Furthermore, positive correlations were found among concentrations of biocidal elements like antimony, arsenic, and selenium related to cyanobacterial bloomings. These correlations can be attributed to agricultural wastewaters and/or possible algicide used to control these microorganisms.
Promoting Food Security through the Multilateral Trading System: Assessing the WTO’s Efforts, Identifying its Gaps, and Exploring the Way Forward
Authors: Dall'Agnola Giovanni
Published: February 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine have unveiled the vulnerabilities of global food systems, resulting in food shortages, price spikes, and worsening food security. The World Trade Organization can play a key role in addressing these challenges through its developed body of rules. Its regulatory framework on agriculture, however, is affected by shortcomings and asymmetries that pose challenges to the long-term achievement of secure and sustainable food systems. Despite extensive negotiations among countries in the Committee on Agriculture ahead of the 12th Ministerial Conference, few concrete proposals were made to reform trade rules on agriculture. Additionally, the 12th Ministerial Conference itself failed to produce satisfactory results with respect to food security. The ongoing stalemate in agricultural negotiations since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic indicates the need for a new, holistic approach to address food security at the World Trade Organization, particularly in preparation for the upcoming 13th Ministerial Conference in 2024. This approach should be informed by equity considerations and grounded in the notion of sustainable development and the human right to food. While a comprehensive reform of the Agreement on Agriculture informed by this approach is the ultimate goal, it is unlikely to occur in the short- to medium-term due to disagreement among countries on how to reform the three pillars of the Agreement. Therefore, an incremental approach could be adopted by prioritising issues for which short- to medium-term reforms are more likely to garner consensus, such as sustainable agricultural production, and by employing soft law instruments. The latter favour a flexible approach and promote cooperation and trust among countries.
Arterial Stiffness and Obesity as Predictors of Diabetes: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Cancan , Wu Zhiyuan , Zheng Jia , Chu Jiaqi , Zhu Jiajing , Qi Yitian , Zhang Zhenming , Wang Zhijia , Zhang Mengchao , Mo Zhanhao , Cheng Liangkai , Ding Lei , Kang Xiaoping , Liu Lin , Zhang Te
Published: February 2024

Background

Previous studies have confirmed the separate effect of arterial stiffness and obesity on type 2 diabetes; however, the joint effect of arterial stiffness and obesity on diabetes onset remains unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to propose the concept of arterial stiffness obesity phenotype and explore the risk stratification capacity for diabetes.

Methods

This longitudinal cohort study used baseline data of 12,298 participants from Beijing Xiaotangshan Examination Center between 2008 and 2013 and then annually followed them until incident diabetes or 2019. BMI (waist circumference) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were measured to define arterial stiffness abdominal obesity phenotype. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI.

Results

Of the 12,298 participants, the mean baseline age was 51.2 (SD 13.6) years, and 8448 (68.7%) were male. After a median follow-up of 5.0 (IQR 2.0-8.0) years, 1240 (10.1%) participants developed diabetes. Compared with the ideal vascular function and nonobese group, the highest risk of diabetes was observed in the elevated arterial stiffness and obese group (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.60-2.35). Those with exclusive arterial stiffness or obesity exhibited a similar risk of diabetes, and the adjusted HRs were 1.63 (95% CI 1.37-1.94) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.32-2.04), respectively. Consistent results were observed in multiple sensitivity analyses, among subgroups of age and fasting glucose level, and alternatively using arterial stiffness abdominal obesity phenotype.

Conclusions

This study proposed the concept of arterial stiffness abdominal obesity phenotype, which could improve the risk stratification and management of diabetes. The clinical significance of arterial stiffness abdominal obesity phenotype needs further validation for other cardiometabolic disorders.
Hearing Rehabilitation With a Chat-Based Mobile Auditory Training Program in Experienced Hearing Aid Users: Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Han Jae Sang , Lim Ji Hyung , Kim Yeonji , Aliyeva Aynur , Seo Jae-Hyun , Lee Jaehyuk , Park Shi Nae
Published: February 2024

Background

Hearing rehabilitation with auditory training (AT) is necessary to improve speech perception ability in patients with hearing loss. However, face-to-face AT has not been widely implemented due to its high cost and personnel requirements. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a patient-friendly, mobile-based AT program.

Objective

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of hearing rehabilitation with our chat-based mobile AT (CMAT) program for speech perception performance among experienced hearing aid (HA) users.

Methods

A total of 42 adult patients with hearing loss who had worn bilateral HAs for more than 3 months were enrolled and randomly allocated to the AT or control group. In the AT group, CMAT was performed for 30 minutes a day for 2 months, while no intervention was provided in the control group. During the study, 2 patients from the AT group and 1 patient from the control group dropped out. At 0-, 1- and 2-month visits, results of hearing tests and speech perception tests, compliance, and questionnaires were prospectively collected and compared in the 2 groups.

Results

The AT group (n=19) showed better improvement in word and sentence perception tests compared to the control group (n=20; P=.04 and P=.03, respectively), while no significant difference was observed in phoneme and consonant perception tests (both P>.05). All participants were able to use CMAT without any difficulties, and 85% (17/20) of the AT group completed required training sessions. There were no changes in time or completion rate between the first and the second month of AT. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in questionnaire surveys.

Conclusions

After using the CMAT program, word and sentence perception performance was significantly improved in experienced HA users. In addition, CMAT showed high compliance and adherence over the 2-month study period. Further investigations are needed to validate long-term efficacy in a larger population.
Vision-Language Model for Generating Textual Descriptions From Clinical Images: Model Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ji Jia , Hou Yongshuai , Chen Xinyu , Pan Youcheng , Xiang Yang
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The automatic generation of radiology reports, which seeks to create a free-text description from a clinical radiograph, is emerging as a pivotal intersection between clinical medicine and artificial intelligence. Leveraging natural language processing technologies can accelerate report creation, enhancing health care quality and standardization. However, most existing studies have not yet fully tapped into the combined potential of advanced language and vision models.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the integration of pretrained vision-language models into radiology report generation. This would enable the vision-language model to automatically convert clinical images into high-quality textual reports.

METHODS

In our research, we introduced a radiology report generation model named ClinicalBLIP, building upon the foundational InstructBLIP model and refining it using clinical image-to-text data sets. A multistage fine-tuning approach via low-rank adaptation was proposed to deepen the semantic comprehension of the visual encoder and the large language model for clinical imagery. Furthermore, prior knowledge was integrated through prompt learning to enhance the precision of the reports generated. Experiments were conducted on both the IU X-RAY and MIMIC-CXR data sets, with ClinicalBLIP compared to several leading methods.

RESULTS

Experimental results revealed that ClinicalBLIP obtained superior scores of 0.570/0.365 and 0.534/0.313 on the IU X-RAY/MIMIC-CXR test sets for the Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering (METEOR) and the Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) evaluations, respectively. This performance notably surpasses that of existing state-of-the-art methods. Further evaluations confirmed the effectiveness of the multistage fine-tuning and the integration of prior information, leading to substantial improvements.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed ClinicalBLIP model demonstrated robustness and effectiveness in enhancing clinical radiology report generation, suggesting significant promise for real-world clinical applications.
Investigating the Impact of Prompt Engineering on the Performance of Large Language Models for Standardizing Obstetric Diagnosis Text: Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Lei , Bi Wenshuai , Zhao Suling , Ma Yinyao , Lv Longting , Meng Chenwei , Fu Jingru , Lv Hanlin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

The accumulation of vast electronic medical records (EMRs) through medical informatization creates significant research value, particularly in obstetrics. Diagnostic standardization across different health care institutions and regions is vital for medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used for various medical tasks. Prompt engineering is key to use LLMs effectively.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate and compare the performance of LLMs with various prompt engineering techniques on the task of standardizing obstetric diagnostic terminology using real-world obstetric data.

METHODS

The paper describes a 4-step approach used for mapping diagnoses in electronic medical records to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, observation domain. First, similarity measures were used for mapping the diagnoses. Second, candidate mapping terms were collected based on similarity scores above a threshold, to be used as the training data set. For generating optimal mapping terms, we used two LLMs (ChatGLM2 and Qwen-14B-Chat [QWEN]) for zero-shot learning in step 3. Finally, a performance comparison was conducted by using 3 pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERTs), including BERT, whole word masking BERT, and momentum contrastive learning with BERT (MC-BERT), for unsupervised optimal mapping term generation in the fourth step.

RESULTS

LLMs and BERT demonstrated comparable performance at their respective optimal levels. LLMs showed clear advantages in terms of performance and efficiency in unsupervised settings. Interestingly, the performance of the LLMs varied significantly across different prompt engineering setups. For instance, when applying the self-consistency approach in QWEN, the F1-score improved by 5%, with precision increasing by 7.9%, outperforming the zero-shot method. Likewise, ChatGLM2 delivered similar rates of accurately generated responses. During the analysis, the BERT series served as a comparative model with comparable results. Among the 3 models, MC-BERT demonstrated the highest level of performance. However, the differences among the versions of BERT in this study were relatively insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS

After applying LLMs to standardize diagnoses and designing 4 different prompts, we compared the results to those generated by the BERT model. Our findings indicate that QWEN prompts largely outperformed the other prompts, with precision comparable to that of the BERT model. These results demonstrate the potential of unsupervised approaches in improving the efficiency of aligning diagnostic terms in daily research and uncovering hidden information values in patient data.
Using natural spline models to explore the trajectories of empirically-derived domains of premenstrual symptoms (Preprint)
Authors: Baez Lara Michelle , Heller Aaron Shain
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Premenstrual symptoms are distressing and impairing for individuals and costly to society. These symptoms are heterogeneous within and across people, and they are dimensional, occurring on a spectrum. Furthermore, premenstrual symptoms are inherently dynamic—changing over the menstrual cycle and peaking perimenstrually. Understanding how symptom trajectories change over time may help us understand why symptoms occur.

OBJECTIVE

The first goal of this study was to enhance our understanding of the covariation among symptoms over the course of the menstrual cycle. We also sought to characterize the trajectories of these symptoms in a novel way, and use these characteristics to hypothesize about why symptoms might take different courses.

METHODS

A sample of female undergraduates (N=85) who reported no use of hormonal birth control and regularly occurring menstrual periods were recruited for a four month-long electronic daily diary study of premenstrual symptoms. We explored the covariation of symptoms over the cycle by conducting a multilevel exploratory factor analysis of the daily diary items. Next, we characterized the trajectories of each symptom domain using multilevel natural spline models and their first/second derivatives.

RESULTS

We identified six distinct but correlated symptom domains at the within-person level which were affective, cognitive, interpersonal, pain, and somatic. In the natural spline models, we found that somatic symptoms increased/decreased more sharply and quickly than other symptom domains, pointing to a unique trajectory. Interpersonal and affective symptoms, on the other hand, were milder throughout.

CONCLUSIONS

Natural splines offer a novel and unique way to investigate trajectories of menstrual cycle symptoms over time. Our findings highlight the importance of including menstrual cycle variables in daily diary studies, and underscore the need for more research on how to effectively model the impact of the menstrual cycle on mood and behavior in non-clinical samples.
Chatbot for Social Need Screening and Resource Sharing With Vulnerable Families: Iterative Design and Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Kocaballi A Baki , Dolce Millie , Skeens Micah , Militello Lisa , Huang Yungui , Stevens Jack , Kemper Alex R
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Health outcomes are significantly influenced by unmet social needs. Although screening for social needs has become common in health care settings, there is often poor linkage to resources after needs are identified. The structural barriers (eg, staffing, time, and space) to helping address social needs could be overcome by a technology-based solution.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to present the design and evaluation of a chatbot, DAPHNE (Dialog-Based Assistant Platform for Healthcare and Needs Ecosystem), which screens for social needs and links patients and families to resources.

METHODS

This research used a three-stage study approach: (1) an end-user survey to understand unmet needs and perception toward chatbots, (2) iterative design with interdisciplinary stakeholder groups, and (3) a feasibility and usability assessment. In study 1, a web-based survey was conducted with low-income US resident households (n=201). Following that, in study 2, web-based sessions were held with an interdisciplinary group of stakeholders (n=10) using thematic and content analysis to inform the chatbot’s design and development. Finally, in study 3, the assessment on feasibility and usability was completed via a mix of a web-based survey and focus group interviews following scenario-based usability testing with community health workers (family advocates; n=4) and social workers (n=9). We reported descriptive statistics and chi-square test results for the household survey. Content analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze qualitative data. Usability score was descriptively reported.

RESULTS

Among the survey participants, employed and younger individuals reported a higher likelihood of using a chatbot to address social needs, in contrast to the oldest age group. Regarding designing the chatbot, the stakeholders emphasized the importance of provider-technology collaboration, inclusive conversational design, and user education. The participants found that the chatbot’s capabilities met expectations and that the chatbot was easy to use (System Usability Scale score=72/100). However, there were common concerns about the accuracy of suggested resources, electronic health record integration, and trust with a chatbot.

CONCLUSIONS

Chatbots can provide personalized feedback for families to identify and meet social needs. Our study highlights the importance of user-centered iterative design and development of chatbots for social needs. Future research should examine the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of chatbot interventions to address social needs.
La reforma al artículo 8o. de la Ley Federal de Cinematografía. Una cuestión de inclusión social y de derechos humanos
Authors: Casanovas Esquivel Juan Antonio
Published: February 2024

A partir de la entrada en vigor de la reforma al artículo 8o. de la Ley Federal de Cinematografía, publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 22 de marzo de 2021, todas las películas que se exhiban al público en México deberán encontrarse subtituladas al español, incluidas las habladas originalmente en nuestro idioma, así como aquellas que se encuentren dobladas, tales como películas infantiles o documentales educativos. La referida modificación legal tiene el objetivo de lograr la inclusión de personas sordas o con alguna discapacidad auditiva, con la finalidad de que puedan tener acceso a materiales fílmicos que de otra manera les resultaría imposible, lo cual constituye una cuestión de derechos humanos de las personas con alguna discapacidad.
Preocupaciones éticas en el uso de inteligencia artificial, transparencia y derecho de acceso a la información. El caso de los chatbots en el gobierno de México, en el contexto de la COVID-19
Authors: Arguelles Toache Eugenio , Amaro Rosales Marcela
Published: February 2024

El uso de la inteligencia artificial en los gobiernos ha aumentado en la última década en diversos países, adquiriendo mayor importancia en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Los chatbots son una de las principales herramientas que funcionan a partir de la inteligencia artificial y que han sido utilizados por los gobiernos para brindar información y servicios a los ciudadanos, así como para el seguimiento, monitoreo y control de la COVID-19. El uso de estas herramientas ha generado debates éticos sobre el uso de datos personales, la privacidad, la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el derecho de acceso a la información. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y analizar las principales preocupaciones éticas que emergen en torno a los chatbots implementados en el gobierno de México en el contexto de la COVID-19; para ello se analizan los casos de Susana Distancia y Dr. Armando Vaccuno. La metodología consiste en un sondeo abierto de percepción ciudadana. Los resultados muestran que las principales preocupaciones éticas son la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y la privacidad, las cuales han generado una falta de confianza por parte de la ciudadanía hacia los chatbots, que se ha traducido en un bajo nivel de uso. Para subsanar esto, es necesario eliminar los vacíos regulatorios en torno a la transparencia y la protección de datos implicados en estas nuevas tecnologías.
Polarización y similitud en las representaciones de mensajes oficiales en medios ante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Huerta Wong Juan Enrique , Castañeda Valencia Alejandro Miguel , Manzano Mora Francisco Javier
Published: February 2024

¿Cuál fue el nivel de información disponible a la ciudadanía un día cualquiera de 2020 respecto a la pandemia de COVID-19? Se analiza aquí el contenido en medios de la Ciudad de México y conferencias del gobierno en la pandemia de COVID, con tres técnicas de aprendizaje automático, a dos millones de caracteres de conferencias, y 28,127 notas y columnas de impresos y noticieros. Los principales resultados indican que hubo similitud en noticias y polarización en opinión. Esto es, la superficie narrativa de los medios consideró seguir la información que el Consejo General de Salubridad proporcionó con el objetivo de salvar más vidas. En cambio, la superficie de comentarios en los medios muestra una tendencia a discrepar de la opinión del conjunto de profesionales de la medicina cuya función principal fue salvaguardar vidas. Se discuten implicaciones de la responsabilidad social de los medios, en el contexto de una emergencia sanitaria.
Exploring the Impact of Octalysis Gamification in Japanese M-learning Using the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Suwarno Suwarno , Deli Deli , Christian Marvin
Published: February 2024

Indonesia is a country with the second highest number of Japanese language learners in the world. However, with the main language of Indonesia being derived from the roman alphabets, it makes Indonesian students hard to get used to learning Japanese alphabets, especially Kanji. This study aims to develop a gamified mobile learning application following the Octalysis gamification framework, and assess its impact in garnering student’s acceptance to enhance their Japanese Kanji learning experience. This study was conducted quantitatively using the Technology Acceptance Model, and analyzed through the Structural Equation Model. The data were collected via questionnaires from 194 members of the local Japanese learning community. The variables analyzed in this research are Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Towards Using, and Behavioral Intention. All variables are tested for validity and reliability using SPSS Statistics, and structural equation model analysis using SPSS AMOS. The results showed positive significant correlations between Perceived Usefulness and Attitude Towards Using, Perceived Ease of Use and Attitude Towards Using, and Attitude Towards Using and Behavioral Intention. The result also noted a negative correlation between Perceived Usefulness and Behavioral Intention. Each variable contributes to the acceptance of the gamified mobile learning application with a strong emphasis on Perceived Ease of Use, and a mild emphasis on Perceived Usefulness.
Matching-adjusted Indirect Comparison of Dermatology Life Quality Index 0/1 Response in Trials of Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Foam and Cream Formulations in Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Jalili Ahmad , Thoning Henrik , Jablonski Bernasconi Marie Y. , Papp Kim
Published: February 2024

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Editorial: Traditions and Ambitions – Looking Into the Future With the Past in Mind
Authors: Jusslin Sofia , Østerlie Ove
Published: February 2024

Editorial from the new editors in chief, one year after take over, where Jusslin and Østerlie reflect over last years' publications and the future for JASEd.
Standardising Patient Engagement in Drug Development
Authors: Egher Claudia , Zvonareva Olga
Published: February 2024

Initiatives to increase patient engagement in drug development have recently been accompanied by growing calls for standardisation due to considerable uncertainties about how to best perform patient engagement and use it in drug marketing applications. We focus on materials developed by the Patient Focused Medicines Development (PFMD), a multi-stakeholder group founded in 2015, to investigate what these materials seek to standardize on patient engagement in drug development and what visions of patient engagement are being constructed by them. We take a material-semiotic approach, whereby the materials analysed are seen as influential actors, which can work upon and transform issues of concern. The findings indicate that these materials seek to standardise a new beginning for the drug development trajectory, which they (re)locate to the patients’ needs and preferences, and long-term relationships between researchers and patients developed through specific methods. A new type of patient is thus envisioned, while researchers and patient organisations are ascribed more complex roles.
PHONETIC TYPOLOGY
Authors: Korolova Tetiana , Yukhimets Svetlana
Published: February 2024

In spite of many works in the field of phonetics some problems of typology still want systematisation both on segmental and suprasegmental levels. Experimental research is one of them. The research is aimed at determining phonetic typologi- cal characteristics in English and Ukrainian on segmental and suprasegmental levels. The results of the research demonstrate the significant amount of typo- logically similar characteristics in English and Ukrainian. The presence of fore lingual and back lingual vowels, plosives, fricatives, voiced and voiceless conso- nants, such phenomena as reduction and assimilation in both languages under investigation testify to it. Similar mechanisms of word stress production that is the total energy data (dynamic characteristics and duration time) is another mark of typological similarity of English and Ukrainian.
The intonation models, the degree of stability of intonation models, sentence stress variability, the same functions of intonation in the process of speech produc- tion show similar mechanisms of prosody elements’ interaction. The most stable in both languages are the prosodic models of attitudinal and emotional functions of intonation. The status of different functions (the attitudinal function, sense-group delimitation, sense-groups relation, communicative type of utterances, sentence stress) of intonation changes from the subordinate one (as in the function of di- vision into sense groups) up to the dominating one (as in the function reflect- ing the speaker’s emotional state). In correspondence with this status and the poly-functional character of intonation the resulting intonation contour mainly preserves the relevant prosodic features of the dominating intonation function in English and Ukrainian.
The qualitative and quantitative differences of segmental (phonematic length of vowels in English, phonemic length of consonants in Ukrainian, some difference in articulation) and suprasegmental units (variety of melody contour structure, prevalence of dynamic characteristics in English and temporal in Ukrainian) in the languages under investigation are explained by linguacultural peculiarities of the communities, their historical development
VERBAL MEANS OF CREATING ARTIFICIAL SPACE IN THE LITERATURE OF THE FANTASY GENRE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE NARRATIVE ABOUT HARRY POTTER BY JK ROWLING «HARRY POTTER AND THE GOBLE OF FIRE»)
Authors: Kosiuha Oleksandra
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of verbal means of creating artistic space in modern fantasy literature. The issue of literary geography and mapping of the narrative text is considered on the example of the fourth part of the septol- ogy of Harry Potter adventures “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire” by JK Row- ling. Special attention is paid to the means of transition from the magical world of the story to the muggle world of the main character. The verbal means of creating the artistic space of this narrative are also highlighted and analyzed based on the book material of the original text of the British author and the Ukrainian translation by V. Morozov and S. Andruhovych. The translation analysis of this work was carried out; extralinguistic and linguistic factors of the narrative about the little sorcerer are highlighted. A statistical analysis of selected verbal means of translation of the artistic space was carried out and translation operations were singled out. The toponymic names of the fantasy narrative were separately ana- lyzed and the means of their translation from English to Ukrainian were high- lighted. The results of the study show that Ukrainian translators chose the strategy of communicative-equivalent translation, which is the closest to the text, using adaptive means of translation. Thanks to this, the Ukrainian translation is con- sidered one of the best translations for the Ukrainian recipient.
Problems of Russian Theatrical Reception of Shakespeare in Criticism of Yuli Eichenwald
Authors: Serdechnaya V. V. , Zhatkin D. N.
Published: February 2024

The problem of this study lies in evaluating the methodological approach of Yuli Eichenwald (1872—1928) as a theatrical critic and theorist, specifically his writings on Shakespearean productions both in Russia and abroad. Known primarily as a literary critic, Eichenwald also wrote about theater, but his works in this area have been largely unexplored. The aim of this study is to shed light on Eichenwald's principles of theatrical criticism. The material used consists of little-known articles by Eichenwald on theater theory and Shakespearean productions from 1903 to 1927. The research employs hermeneutic and comparative methods. The findings reveal that Eichenwald demonstrates a literature-centric position in his articles on theater, according to which theater is merely an illustration of literary works. He increasingly uses productions as a pretext to discuss Shakespeare, often without mentioning the actors or directors. Eichenwald’s perception of theater as a mediator, as an auxiliary device between the play and the reader, leads to his rejection of the concept of directorial theater and the denial of the director as the author of the production. The authors conclude that Eichenwald’s theatrical criticism is a logical outcome of literature-centric judgments about theater, from Aristotle to Hegel, where theater is considered as part of literature.
Category of Addressee in New Apostolic Prayer: Categorical-Textual and Axiological Aspects
Authors: Keler A. I.
Published: February 2024

The study examines the realization of the addressee category in Protestant — New Apostolic prayers. The object of analysis is prayer as a genre of religious functional style, and the subject is the addressee category. The aim of the work is to describe the ways of explication of the addressee category in a corpus of 220 public prayers of New Apostolic Christians. The textual material was collected through participant observation and consists of transcribed audio recordings of prayers — non-reproducible texts spontaneously created by both churchgoers and clergy in various communicative situations, both religious and non-religious. The methodology of constructing thematic nomination chains is applied on a categorical-textual basis to describe the addressee category. It has been revealed that the addressee is denoted using personal pronouns ‘we’, possessive pronoun ‘our’, and nouns ‘community’, ‘brothers and sisters’, ‘children’, ‘sinners’. The results of the analysis show that these nominations are included in positively colored contexts, including the nomination ‘sinners’, which is conditioned by the specificity of the doctrine: the praying individuals are focused not on repentance but on gratitude for forgiveness. The listed ways of nominating the addressee and the description of evaluative contexts allow us to conclude about the reflection of ‘we axiological’ in the texts of New Apostolic Christians.
Leisure and Festive Activities in Russian Army on Frontlines of World War I
Authors: Kanischev V. V. , Pluzhnikov A. N.
Published: February 2024

The need to restore lost data on the last major war of the Russian Empire implies a comprehensive coverage of events during those years, including their non-combat component. Based on the study of the “Journals of Military Actions” of combat units, which reflect little-researched stories of non-combat realities of front-line life, the authors offer a new perspective on the military everyday life of the Russian Imperial Army. The article focuses on the “pleasant” and unexpected nuances of the daily lives of soldiers and officers during the difficult years of war. Researchers have turned to such facts of military reality during the specified period as the organization of the award procedure for the command staff and lower ranks, the organization of prayers as integral components of festive events, the conduct of state (imperial) and religious holidays, as well as recreational activities. This work provides an opportunity to obtain an objective understanding of the multifaceted life and everyday life of people in wartime conditions: when circumstances allowed, performances, games, and sports events were organized and held. Without theoretical knowledge in the field of psychology and stress management techniques, the command of the Russian army organized and encouraged activities aimed at alleviating the negative consequences of combat stress.
Omsk Hydroelectric Power Plant Project in Economic History of Region in 1930s—1980s.
Authors: Mostovenko M. S.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the unrealized project of the Omsk Hydroelectric Power Station, developed in the 1930s, then postponed and subsequently reintroduced for discussion in the 1980s. The sources used for this research include materials from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region and the Russian State Archive of Economy. Both domestic and foreign historiography on the economic development of Western Siberia do not mention this project, hence this article aims to fill this historiographical gap. It is demonstrated that the project was considered by regional authorities solely as an agricultural facility, which would have allowed for the use of the reservoir for irrigation in the southern districts of the region and improvement of navigational conditions around the city of Omsk. Emphasis is placed on the fact that its implementation could have boosted the industrial development of the Omsk Region. The abandonment of the project in the 1930s largely determined the subsequent development of the region, particularly from an ecological perspective. To meet the energy needs of the city and the region, construction of thermal power plants began, fueled by Ekibastuz coal, which contains a large amount of ash. This, in turn, led to serious air pollution in the Omsk region, which continues to persist to this day.
Pilgrimage to Holy Places in History of Vyatka Province (Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Polovnikova M. Yu. , Nemchaninova E. N.
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes the reasons for the growing interest in holy places, primarily Palestine, associated with Russia’s state policy, based on published sources. It also examines the forms and methods of educational work. In 1894, the Vyatka department of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society was established in the Vyatka province to disseminate information about the Holy Land and support Russia’s activities in the Middle East. The department raised funds for the society’s work in the Holy Land and organized lectures on the history and activities of the society. Significant results were achieved through this educational work, including an increase in the number of members in the Vyatka department, particularly at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and a growing interest in the Holy Land. Additionally, in the second half of the 19th century, some representatives of secular and spiritual society in the Vyatka province visited Orthodox holy sites, primarily the Holy Land and Mount Athos, and left memoirs about their pilgrimage experiences. Thus, the remote Vyatka province became spiritually closer to the Holy Land in the second half of the 19th century.