bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization and prediction of malignant potential in recurrent pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) using 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Fikri Ahmad Saad Fathinul , Kroiss A , Ahmad AZF , Zanariah H , Lau WFE , Uprimny C , Donnemiller E , Kendler D , Nordin AJ , Virgolini IJ
Published: September 2013

Background

To our knowledge, data are lacking on the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the localization and prediction of neuroendocrine tumors, in particular the pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PCC/PGL) group.

Purpose

To evaluate the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in localizing and predicting the malignant potential of PCC/PGL.

Material and Methods

Twenty-three consecutive patients with a history of PCC/PGL, presenting with symptoms related to catecholamine excess, underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. Final confirmation of the diagnosis was made using the composite references. PET/CT findings were analyzed on a per-lesion basis and a per-patient basis. Tumor SUVmax was analyzed to predict the dichotomization of patient endpoints for the local disease and metastatic groups.

Results

We investigated 23 patients (10 men, 13 women) with a mean age of 46.43 ± 3.70 years. Serum catecholamine levels were elevated in 82.60% of these patients. There were 136 sites (mean SUVmax: 16.39 ± 3.47) of validated disease recurrence. The overall sensitivities for diagnostic CT, FDG PET, and FDG PET/CT were 86.02%, 87.50%, and 98.59%, respectively. Based on the composite references, 39.10% of patients had local disease. There were significant differences in the SUVmax distribution between the local disease and metastatic groups; a significant correlation was noted when a SUVmax cut-off was set at 9.2 ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In recurrent PCC/PGL, diagnostic 18F-FDG PET/CT is a superior tool in the localization of recurrent tumors. Tumor SUVmax is a potentially useful predictor of malignant tumor potential.
Hemodynamics in rat liver tumor model during retrograde-outflow isolated hepatic perfusion with aspiration from the portal vein: angiography and in vivo microscopy
Authors: Murata Satoru , Jeppsson Bengt , Lunderquist Anders , Ivancev Krassi
Published: September 2013

Background

Orthograde percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) techniques using balloon occlusion catheters are relatively simple and facilitate repeated therapy, but they result in higher rates of leakage from the perfusion circuit into the systemic circulation. Therefore, a feasible protocol for percutaneous IHP with less leakage is required.

Purpose

To investigate hemodynamic changes in rat liver and tumor during retrograde-outflow isolated hepatic perfusion (R-IHP) with aspiration from the portal vein (PV).

Material and Methods

Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Lund University. Eighteen rats underwent R-IHP after laparotomy and catheterization of the PV and hepatic artery (HA). The HA, inferior vena cava (IVC), and PV were ligated, and flow through the suprahepatic IVC was controlled with a suture loop. The rats were divided into two groups to examine blood flow during R-IHP. Four rats (group 1) underwent arteriography via the HA with and without R-IHP, and 14 rats (group 2) were inoculated with tumor and examined by in vivo fluorescence microscopy of liver and tumor during R-IHP.

Results

In group 1, hepatic arteriography during R-IHP confirmed arterioportal communication in all four rats, with the PV acting as an outflow tract. In vivo fluorescence microscopy in group 2 showed strong enhancement of tumors, and no blood supply from the portal venules to the tumors was seen in any of the 14 rats. Blood flow in the major portion of the hepatic lobules was stopped and the percentage of enhanced area was significantly lower in the normal hepatic lobules than in the tumors ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

We confirmed reversal of blood flow concomitant with good perfusion of the liver tumor and with reduced perfusion of normal liver parenchyma during R-IHP.
The ‘Dharma’ and ‘Karma’ of CSR from the Bhagavad-Gita
Authors: Muniapan Balakrishnan , Satpathy Biswajit
Published: September 2013

In recent years, numerous researches have been conducted on CSR from various perspectives. From a survey of CSR literatures from spiritual and religious perspectives, there are some studies based on the Quran (Islam) and the Bible (Christianity) made by scholars. However, the Bhagavad-Gita (Hinduism) is yet to be explored in the context of CSR. This article is therefore timely and fills the gap in the CSR literature. In this article, the authors employs hermeneutics, a qualitative research methodology which involves the study, understanding and interpretation of the BG particularly the concept of ‘dharma’ (duty) and ‘karma’ (action) in the context of CSR. In a nutshell, the BG provides an inside-out approach to CSR, which is the development of individual leader’s self-conscience of his1 dharma (duty) and karma (action). Based on the BG’s insights, CSR should ideally begin with ISR (Individual Social Responsibility includes Personal Social Responsibility) and to go beyond CSR with GSR (Global Social Responsibility). These three social responsibilities are the essential dharma and karma of corporate leaders. The leaders and the role they play in corporations are crucial in ensuring transparency, good conduct and governance towards the ultimate aim of achieving CSR. This article is expected to provide a framework to the study of BG philosophy from other aspects of corporate management; such as corporate governance, corporate ethics and human resource management in the near future.
Primary excision of the ulnar head for fractures of the distal ulna associated with fractures of the distal radius in severe osteoporotic patients
Authors: Yoneda H. , Watanabe K.
Published: September 2013

We performed primary excision of the ulnar head on 23 patients over 70 years of age with severe comminuted fractures of both the distal radius and ulna. The distal radius fracture was fixed rigidly with a volar locking plate, and the ulnar head was resected at the fracture site. All the distal radial fractures united without major complications. The mean wrist flexion/extension arc was 122°, the mean pronation/supination arc was 164°, and grip strength was 69% of that on the contralateral side. All patients returned to their daily activities within a short time without any additional surgical treatment. For elderly patients, primary excision of the ulnar head is an effective treatment for comminuted distal radius and ulna fractures.
First infection by all four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses takes place during childhood
Authors: Zhou Weimin , Wang Wen , Wang Huijuan , Lu Roujian , Tan Wenjie
Published: September 2013

Background

Non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, and -OC43, have been detected in respiratory tract samples from children and adults. However, the natural prevalence of antibodies against these viruses in serum among population is unknown.

Methods

To measure antibodies to the spike (S) protein of the four common non-SARS HCoVs, recombinant S proteins of the four HCoVs were expressed and characterised in 293 T cell. An S-protein-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was then developed to detect anti-S IgG and IgM for the four individual HCoVs and applied to serum samples from a general asymptomatic population (218 children and 576 adults) in Beijing.

Results

Of 794 blood samples tested, only 29 (3.65%) were negative for anti-S IgG. The seropositivity of the four anti-S IgG antibodies was >70% within the general population. The majority of seroconversions to four-HCoV positivity first occurred in children. Both S-IgG and S-IgM antibodies were detectable among children and increased with age, reaching a plateau at 6 years of age. However, no anti-S IgM was detected in healthy adults.

Conclusion

Large proportions of children and adults in Beijing have evidence of anti-S IgG against four the HCoVs, and first infections by all four non-SARS HCoVs takes place during childhood.
Perspectives of older adults on co-management of low back pain by doctors of chiropractic and family medicine physicians: a focus group study
Authors: Lyons Kevin J , Salsbury Stacie A , Hondras Maria A , Jones Mark E , Andresen Andrew A , Goertz Christine M
Published: September 2013

Background

While older adults may seek care for low back pain (LBP) from both medical doctors (MDs) and doctors of chiropractic (DCs), co-management between these providers is uncommon. The purposes of this study were to describe the preferences of older adults for LBP co-management by MDs and DCs and to identify their concerns for receiving care under such a treatment model.

Methods

We conducted 10 focus groups with 48 older adults who received LBP care in the past year. Interviews explored participants’ care seeking experiences, co-management preferences, and perceived challenges to successful implementation of a MD-DC co-management model. We analyzed the qualitative data using thematic content analysis.

Results

Older adults considered LBP co-management by MDs and DCs a positive approach as the professions have complementary strengths. Participants wanted providers who worked in a co-management model to talk openly and honestly about LBP, offer clear and consistent recommendations about treatment, and provide individualized care. Facilitators of MD-DC co-management included collegial relationships between providers, arrangements between doctors to support interdisciplinary referral, computer systems that allowed exchange of health information between clinics, and practice settings where providers worked in one location. Perceived barriers to the co-management of LBP included the financial costs associated with receiving care from multiple providers concurrently, duplication of tests or imaging, scheduling and transportation problems, and potential side effects of medication and chiropractic care. A few participants expressed concern that some providers would not support a patient-preferred co-managed care model.

Conclusions

Older adults are interested in receiving LBP treatment co-managed by MDs and DCs. Older adults considered patient-centered communication, collegial interdisciplinary interactions between these providers, and administrative supports such as scheduling systems and health record sharing as key components for successful LBP co-management.
Inactivation of the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus under physical conditions or chemical agents treatment
Authors: Zou Shumei , Guo Junfeng , Gao Rongbao , Dong Libo , Zhou Jianfang , Zhang Ye , Dong Jie , Bo Hong , Qin Kun , Shu Yuelong
Published: September 2013

Background

In the spring of 2013, a novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus in Eastern China emerged causing human infections. Concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur were raised. The potential effect of chemical agents and physical conditions on inactivation of the novel avian influenza H7N9 virus had not been assessed.

Methods

To determine the inactivation effectiveness of the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus under various physical conditions and chemical treatments, two H7N9 viruses A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/1/2013 were treated by varied temperatures, ultraviolet light, varied pHs and different disinfectants. The viruses with107.7 EID50 were exposed to physical conditions (temperature, ultraviolet light and pH) or treated with commercial chemical agents (Sodium Hypochlorite, Virkon®-S, and Ethanol) respectively. After these treatments, the viruses were inoculated in SPF embryonated chicken eggs, the allantoic fluid was collected after 72–96 hours culture at 35°C and tested by haemagglutination assay.

Results

Both of the tested viruses could tolerate conditions under 56°C for 15 minutes or 60°C for 5 minutes, but their infectivity was completely lost under 56°C for 30 minutes, 65°C for 10 minutes, 70°C, 75°C and 100°C for 1 minute. It was also observed that the H7N9 viruses lost their infectivity totally after exposure of ultraviolet light irradiation for 30 minutes or longer time. Additionally, the viruses were completely inactivated at pH less than 2 for 0.5 hour or pH 3 for 24 hours, however, viruses remained infectious under pH treatment of 4–12 for 24 hours. The viruses were totally disinfected when treated with Sodium Hypochlorite, Virkon®-S and Ethanol at recommended concentrations after only 5 minutes.

Conclusions

The novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus can be inactivated under some physical conditions or with chemical treatments, but they present high tolerance to moderately acidic or higher alkali conditions. The results provided the essential information for public health intervention of novel H7N9 avian influenza outbreak.
Ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan
Authors: Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Khan Mir Ajab , Shah Munir H , Shah Mohammad Maroof , Pervez Arshad , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: September 2013

Background

The association among food and health is momentous as consumers now demand healthy, tasty and natural functional foods. Knowledge of such food is mainly transmitted through the contribution of individuals of households. Throughout the world the traditions of using wild edible plants as food and medicine are at risk of disappearing, hence present appraisal was conducted to explore ethnomedicinal and cultural importance of wild edible vegetables used by the populace of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan.

Methods

Data was collected through informed consent semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, market survey and focus group conversation with key respondents of the study sites including 45 female, 30 children and 25 males. Cultural significance of each species was calculated based on use report.

Results

A total of 45 wild edible vegetables belonging to 38 genera and 24 families were used for the treatment of various diseases and consumed. Asteraceae and Papilionoideae were found dominating families with (6 spp. each), followed by Amaranthaceae and Polygonaceae. Vegetables were cooked in water (51%) followed by diluted milk (42%) and both in water and diluted milk (7%). Leaves were among highly utilized plant parts (70%) in medicines followed by seeds (10%), roots (6%), latex (4%), bark, bulb, flowers, tubers and rhizomes (2% each). Modes of preparation fall into seven categories like paste (29%), decoction (24%), powder (14%), eaten fresh (12%), extract (10%), cooked vegetable (8%) and juice (4%). Ficus carica was found most cited species with in top ten vegetables followed by Ficus palmata, Bauhinia variegata, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus viridis, Medicago polymorpha, Chenopodium album, Cichorium intybus, Amaranthus hybridus and Vicia faba.

Conclusions

Patterns of wild edible plant usage depend mainly on socio-economic factors compare to climatic conditions or wealth of flora but during past few decades have harshly eroded due to change in the life style of the inhabitants. Use reports verified common cultural heritage and cultural worth of quoted taxa is analogous. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activities, pharmacological applications; skill training in farming and biotechnological techniques to improve the yield are important feature prospective regarding of wild edible vegetables.
Lemon protein disulfide isomerase: cDNA cloning and biochemical characterization
Authors: Chen Yu-Ting , Wen Lisa , Ho Kuo-Chuan , Juang Rong-Huay , Lin Chi-Tsai
Published: September 2013

Background

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), a family of structurally related enzymes, aid in protein folding by catalyzing disulfide bonds formation, breakage, or isomerization in newly synthesized proteins and thus.

Results

A ClPDI cDNA (1828 bp, GenBank accession HM641784) encoding a putative PDI from Citrus limonum was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence encodes a protein of 500 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 60.5 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence is conserved among the reported PDIs. A 3-D structural model of the ClPDI has been created based on the known crystal structure of Homo sapiens (PDB ID: 3F8U_A). The enzyme has two putative active sites comprising the redox-active disulfides between residues 60–63 and 405–408 (motif CGHC). To further characterize the ClPDI, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector pET-20b (+), transformed into E. coli Rosetta (DE3)pLysS, and recombinant protein expressed. The recombinant ClPDI was purified by a nickel Sepharose column. PDI’s activity was assayed based on the ability of the enzyme to isomerize scrambled RNase A (sRNase A) to active enzyme. The K
M
, k
cat and k
cat/K
M values were 8.3 × 10-3 μM, 3.0 × 10-5 min-1, and 3.6 × 10-1 min-1 mM-1. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.

Conclusions

The advantage of this enzyme over the PDI from all other sources is its low K
M. The potential applications of this PDI in health and beauty may worth pursuing.
Comparative analysis of gene transcripts for cell signaling receptors in bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell and mesenchymal stromal cell populations
Authors: Anam Khairul , Davis Thomas A
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Knowing the repertoire of cell signaling receptors would provide pivotal insight into the developmental and regenerative capabilities of bone marrow cell (BMC)-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs).

Methods

Murine HSPCs were enriched from fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted Lin–c-Kit+Sca-1+ BMCs isolated from the tibia and femoral marrow compartments. Purified BMMSCs (CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, and CD45–, CD34–, CD31–, c-Kit–) with extensive self-renewal potential and multilineage differentiation capacity (into different mesodermal cell lineages including osteocytes, chrondrocytes, adipocytes) were derived from adherent BMC cultures after CD45+ cell depletion. Adherent colony-forming cells were passaged two to three times and FACS analysis was used to assess cell purity and validate cell-specific surface marker phenotype prior to experimentation. Gene transcripts for a number of cell signaling molecules were assessed using a custom quantitative real-time RT-PCR low-density microarray (94 genes; TaqMan® technology).

Results

We identified 16 mRNA transcripts that were specifically expressed in BMC-derived HSPC (including Ptprc, c-Kit, Csf3r, Csf2rb2, Ccr4, Cxcr3 and Tie-1), and 14 transcripts specifically expressed in BMMSCs (including Pdgfra, Ddr2, Ngfr, Mst1r, Fgfr2, Epha3, and Ephb3). We also identified 27 transcripts that were specifically upregulated (≥2-fold expression) in BMMSCs relative to HSPCs (Axl, Bmpr1a, Met, Pdgfrb, Fgfr1, Mertk, Cmkor1, Egfr, Epha7, and Ephb4), and 19 transcripts that were specifically upregulated in HSPCs relative to BMMSCs (Ccr1, Csf1r, Csf2ra, Epor, IL6ra, and IL7r). Eleven transcripts were equally expressed (<2-fold upregulation) in HSPCs and BMMSCs (Flt1, Insr, Kdr, Jak1, Agtrl1, Ccr3, Ednrb, Il3ra, Hoxb4, Tnfrsf1a, and Abcb1b), whilst another seven transcripts (Epha6, Epha8, Musk, Ntrk2, Ros1, Srms, and Tnk1) were not expressed in either cell population.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that besides their unique immunophenotype and functional differences, BMC-derived HSPCs and BMMSCs have different molecular receptor signaling transcript profiles linked to cell survival, growth, cell differentiation status, growth factor/cytokine production and genes involved in cell migration/trafficking/adhesion that may be critical to maintain their pluripotency, plasticity, and stem cell function.
Case Report: Delayed intra-abdominal bleeding following trans-vaginal ultrasonography guided oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization in patients at risk for thrombo-embolic events under anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Mashiach Roy , Stockheim David , Zolti Mati , Orvieto Raoul
Published: September 2013

We report herein, two cases of massive delayed (2 and 4 days) intra abdominal hemorrhage following ovum pick-up (OPU), in patients at risk for thrombo-embolic events, who concomitantly used therapeutic doses of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). We discuss the possible mechanisms involved in causing the aforementioned delayed bleeding, and call for re-evaluation of the presently accepted anticoagulant co-treatment regimen. These case reports should direct physicians' attention and keep them alert, while conducting IVF treatment to this subgroup of high risk patients.
Arousing and Mastering Feelings of Alien Inspiration in One's Own Speech: Pragmatics of the Shamanic Songs of the Suruí of Rondônia (Southern Amazonia)
Authors: Yvinec Cédric
Published: September 2013

This article argues that the spiritual inspiration required, according to the Suruí shamans, to utter their supposedly immutable songs, may be traced back to specific linguistic features of these songs: prominent prosodic structure, syntagmatic structure that follows complex principles, indeterminacy of the reference of some deictic pronouns, and paradoxical use of evidential markers.
Talking to Pets in Arara
Authors: De Souza Isaac Costa , Parker Steve
Published: September 2013

In this article, we describe the phonological behavior of a unique series of fourteen language games in Arara, a Cariban language of Brazil. These are known mainly by elderly speakers only. The primary sociolinguistic function of the language games is to express solidarity and friendship with different pet animals, including dogs, birds, and various kinds of monkeys. Each language game is used when talking to or with a particular species of animal (or a closely related class of animals), and is characterized by a different formative (morpheme) added to the normal Arara base word. The formatives include prefixes, infixes, and autosegmentalized features such as nasalization and murmuring; some of these are not attested in the language other than in this context. We provide an informal analysis of the morphophonemic processes exhibited by a wide range of Arara forms to which each of the fourteen language games is applied in turn. We thereby document an interesting yet endangered aspect of the linguistic interaction between one specific group of indigenous people and their (potentially) nondomesticated pets.
The Unexpected Role of Schooling and Bilingualism in Language Maintenance within the San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec Community in Los Angeles
Authors: Báez Gabriela Pérez
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes language shift from San Lucas Quiaviní Zapotec to Spanish among adults in Los Angeles, California, and a subsequent language shift reversal. These patterns correlate with schooling in San Lucas. Initially, established migrants assisted Zapotec-monolingual newcomers in learning Spanish by shifting to it in the home domain. This occurred between close relatives such as spouses, parents and their children, and siblings. As Spanish education became available in San Lucas, migrants were increasingly Zapotec-Spanish bilinguals, language shift in the home relaxed, and Zapotec was again favored in adult conversation. This highlights the relevance of plurilingualism in supporting linguistic diversity.
Legal Commentary
Authors: Ho Calvin
Published: September 2013

Covert treatment involving the administration of medicines without the knowledge of the patient is difficult to justify ethically and legally. In our case, Mrs. T does not have sufficient ethical or legal basis to do so. In addition, the psychiatrist should advise her against such an undertaking, particularly since Mr. T appears to have decision-making capacity and has not exhibited aggressive behaviour. If aggression becomes emergent or evident, institutionalised care should be considered. Within this setting, covert treatment may be justifiable, if it is necessary to stabilise Mr. T’s condition. Otherwise, open discussion and transparency of medical intervention are not only consistent with ethical and legal requirements of respecting Mr. T’s dignity as a person, but also indispensable components to a viable long-term response to a challenging illness.
Ethics Commentary
Authors: Gutridge Kerry
Published: September 2013

In Case Scenario 1, we are introduced to Ms. J, a young woman with BPD who is emotionally unstable, depressed and self-injuring. We are asked to contemplate what her current therapist ought to do in the context of an abruptly-discontinued therapeutic relationship. The case description focuses on the issue of boundary transgressions and their impact on psychotherapeutic treatment, inviting the reader to consider what constitutes an appropriate relationship between a therapist and patient. In this commentary, I will examine the therapeutic alliance discussing the practitioner’s moral obligations in their relationship with Ms. J. I will also consider the rightness or wrongness of the therapist’s actions, possible motivations and intentions, concentrating on the aims of psychotherapy and the nature and value of boundaries in the clinical relationship.
Alfonso VIII, the Castilian Episcopate, and the Accession of Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada as the Archbishop of Toledo in 1210
Authors: Reilly Bernard F.
Published: September 2013

At the beginning of the thirteenth century in Castille, the initiative in the selection of prelates in the Catholic Church remained the purview of the crown. The processes developed in the canon law of the Church over the preceding two centuries constrained the operation of royal control but could seldom entirely frustrate it. The difficulties of communication and travel in the premodern age gave a usually insuperable advantage to local power. Nevertheless, local political realities shaped the royal advantage, and papal approbation and cooperation often was useful to offset them.
Catholics and Southern Honor: Rev. Patrick Lynch's Paper War with Rev. James Henley Thornwell
Authors: Tate Adam
Published: September 2013

The author examines the ability of Catholics in the American South to utilize the language of honor, a major facet of Southern political culture. The 1843 newspaper clash on the Apocrypha between Patrick Lynch (future bishop of Charleston, South Carolina) and James Henley Thornwell (influential Old School Presbyterian minister) demonstrated that Catholics in the South had adapted well to republican politics. The debate transcended doctrine and became an "affair of honor." Catholics in the antebellum South learned to use the tools of Southern political discourse to demonstrate their sectional loyalty while rigorously defending Catholic doctrinal positions.
Der Volksverein Deutsch-canadischer Katholiken: The Rise and Fall of a German-Catholic Cultural and Immigration Society, 1909-52
Authors: Grams Grant
Published: September 2013

Founded in 1909, Der Volksverein deutsch-canadischer Katholiken (Association of German-Canadian Catholics, or VDCK) was one of the largest German-Canadian religious societies in Canada. The VDCK was involved in German immigration and cultural movements in Canada, with its most productive period from 1909 until the depression. Although the VDCK's work continued during the 1930s, immigration had ended, and many Canadians were suspicious of German cultural organizations due to the Nazi movement in Europe. Canadian society became increasingly secularized in the postwar era, and a decline in interest in rural settlement led to the VDCK's dissolution in 1952.
The Spanish Bishops and Nazism during the Spanish Civil War
Authors: Martínez Sánchez Santiago
Published: September 2013

The anticommunist position of the Spanish bishops was unanimous during the Spanish Civil War. Their attitude toward Nazism, however, underwent a gradual evolution, from indifference (1936-37) to concern (1938-39). This change was due, in part, to the sympathy for Germany exhibited by the Spanish Falange and, above all, to the warnings of the Holy See. It did not, however, result in a unanimous and open criticism of the Nazis. The opposition of the bishops was primarily in response to papal documents and warnings from German bishops critical of Nazism's stance against Christianity, leading the bishops to question the compatibility of totalitarian ideas and Catholicism to create the new state that Francisco Franco wanted to build in Spain.
Half-Life of a Stumbling Block: Paul de Man’s Earliest Reading of Hölderlin’s “Der Rhein”
Authors: Chase Cynthia
Published: September 2013

In a lecture delivered in 1959, “Hölderlin and the Romantic Tradition,” Paul de Man derives from Hölderlin’s “Der Rhein” an interpretation of Rousseau, at odds with Derrida’s deconstruction, that undergirds de Man’s later writings about romanticism and figurative language. Hölderlin’s “Der Rhein” conceives of the relations between texts in terms of “blindness” and of our “feeling in the name of the gods.” De Man follows Hölderlin in ascribing to Rousseau a turn or “Umkehr” toward self-consciousness, away from an initial drive toward unity with nature. Central to de Man’s argument are Hölderlin’s concept “vaterländischeUmkehr” and the chiasmic structure of the relationship between Greek and modern modes of representation. These concepts come from Hölderlin’s translation of Sophocles’ Antigone , his commentary on his translation (the AnmerkungenzurAntigonä ), and his well-known Letter to Böhlendorff (4 December 1801) suggesting that a culture’s most difficult and yet most necessary achievement is the “Umkehr” or turning round from its “main tendency” (or chief striving) back toward the capability native to it. By means of an image of Antigone turning, like Niobe, to stone, de Man interprets these texts in a way that anticipates his critique of the aesthetic in essays written much later (1982–1983). De Man stresses both the indispensability of “the romantic or neo-hellenic moment” and the necessity of surpassing it. Key to his conceptions of poetry and of language are Rousseau’s theory of music and Hölderlin’s word “Maas,” “measure.” Though we are unable to imagine “an art that would not be an expression of unity in nature, whether actual or ideal,” de Man suggests we gain an inkling from texts such as certain passages of Yeats and Rimbaud.
Plasticity, in Retrospect: Changing the Future of the Humanities
Authors: Williams Tyler
Published: September 2013

The humanities have been historically posited as a unique discipline among others insofar as the humanities’ most primary study concerns the limits and frontiers of discourse as such. Consequently, the future of the humanities coincides with their ability to modify disciplinary borders and to adapt to shifting socio-economic, political, and scientific contexts. Along these lines, Catherine Malabou argues that the humanities have always posited themselves as “plastic” but have yet to take seriously the transformative relation between the humanities and the sciences that this plasticity portends. By questioning the division between the humanities and the sciences at the level of their plastic limits, Malabou suggests that scientific advancements in biological plasticity offer a keen articulation of discursive traits typically regarded as exclusive to the humanities. As such, Malabou problematizes classic divisions between literature and biology, philosophy and neuroscience, by demonstrating science’s empirical materialization of the humanities’ quasi-transcendental structures of difference. This essay follows Malabou’s sustained critique of the humanities in order to account for this “becoming empirical of the transcendental” that undergirds her elaboration of plasticity as a philosophical concept. Doing so highlights the malleability of the concept itself, yet also questions the possibility that plasticity’s scientism will ever be able to extricate itself entirely from a “transcendental” commitment to “the promise.”
Contemporaneity and Its Discontents
Authors: Erber Pedro
Published: September 2013

Never before have we discussed and published so much on “the contemporary.” Drawing from the work of anthropologists Johannes Fabian and Marc Augé and Brazilian novelist Bernardo Carvalho, this essay theorizes contemporaneity as the active sharing of time that informs the transnational flow of culture in our global present, and takes a critical stance in this fashionable debate: critical of Giorgio Agamben’s attempt to identify the contemporary to a mode of “untimeliness,” but also wary of any concept of contemporaneity that does not take seriously the need to think the present beyond the idea of a history of the West.
Historicity and Holism: The example of Deleuze
Authors: Kates Joshua
Published: September 2013

“Historicity and Holism: The Example of Deleuze” charts new directions for work in the humanities, by offering a relatively novel conception of history as a framework for intellectual work (historicity), derived from a relatively novel view of language found in the early Heidegger and some analytic philosophy (holism). To this end, various phases of the project of Gilles Deleuze are examined. First, Deleuze’s setting out of (transcendental) genesis and becoming in the early works is interrogated and shown to be subtended by a dualism that potentially makes such becoming inconceivable (as Felix Guattari in his own way suggested in his essay “Machine and Structure”). Secondly, Deleuze’s approach to discourse, with its privileging of sense, is contrasted to Heidegger’s referential and world-based treatment of speech in Being and Time . On these bases, a new configuration of history, becoming, and truth (historicity) is expounded at the beginning of this paper’s final section, the workings of which are there further disclosed through a treatment of Deleuze and Guattari’s account of stratigraphy in their What Is Philosophy? Stratigraphy begins to model the operation of historicity, though it must be corrected, as stratigraphy, an inherently spatial concept, ultimately retreats from what historicity implies in respect to truth and time.
Living Memory
Authors: Levitt Laura
Published: September 2013

This essay invites readers into a process of exploration. In order to address the dynamic nature of memory, it opens with a reconsideration of the author's engagement with Holocaust memory. This is my way into demonstrating the performative nature of memory. Here memory is a lively endeavor that moves from Holocaust commemoration to ritual and from there to a contemporary rereading of Freud and finally culminates in reconsideration the legacy of the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 through the medium of photography. Building towards an engagement with the work of contemporary Israeli cultural critic Ariella Azoulay, this essay enacts the kind of ongoing critical engagement it calls for. It makes its case by taking readers on a journey from Holocaust memory towards 1948 with excursions into ritual, prayer, and Freudian-inflected letters and postcards.
Solidarity, Betrayal, and Opportunism in the Commissioning of Two Florentine Renaissance Manuscripts
Authors: Hudson Hugh
Published: September 2013

Although there is no documentation of the commissions for two Florentine Renaissance illuminated manuscripts in Australian collections, internal evidence provides a basis for investigation. In particular, heraldry and emblems are revealing of the importance of deluxe manuscript production as a symbolic commemoration of marriage alliances in Renaissance Florence. Much more significant than objects for the pleasurable instruction of an individual or couple, these deluxe manuscripts embodied the aspirations held for married couples and their families in society.
Image is Everything: The Morkinskinna Account of King Sigurðr of Norway’s Journey to the Holy Land
Authors: Jakobsson Ármann
Published: September 2013

This study concerns the longest account of the Norwegian King Sigurðr’s journey to the Holy Land (1108–11) and its presentation in the narrative of Morkinskinna as a spectacle: a social drama wherein the key performer, using his and his entourage’s deliberate behaviour, strives to manipulate both how he and his kingdom are perceived by an audience of his choosing, specifically several of the other crowned heads of Europe. Furthermore, their reaction determines the identity not only of the king himself but also of Norwegians on the whole, and the audience of those narratives that bear witness to the performance.
Imitatio in Julian of Norwich: Christ the Knight, Fruitio , and the Pleasures of Courtesy
Authors: Prozesky Maria
Published: September 2013

An image Julian of Norwich uses to describe Christ on the cross is that of the warrior knight. Adapting this trope’s traditional application to God’s divine glory, Julian instead figures Christ’s humanity, and explores joy as an affective response to the Passion alongside traditional compassio . Through the related imagery of a knight’s feudal ties, Julian links this joy to both the culmination of contemplative ascent to God and the eternal delighting that is the perichoresis of the Trinity, in a discussion informed by Augustinian fruitio. Extending her imagery of nobility from Christ’s humanity to that of her readers, Julian insists that Christ’s humanity is a sufficient route to God, while her rhetoric teaches her readers to experience Christ’s joy, and learn an imitatio Christi characterized by trust and freedom.
Fleeing the Future, Forgetting the Past: Becoming Malory’s Lancelot
Authors: Haught Leah
Published: September 2013

The conflicting perspectives of Lancelot apparent within the first two tales of Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur highlight the competing impulses that haunt Malory’s ideal knight from his earliest appearances in the narrative proper. Through skilful renegotiation of tradition, Malory effectively challenges audiences to consider the precise nature of the values commemorated in every retelling of the Arthurian legend.
The Old English Bede and the Glosses in the Tiberius Bede
Authors: Waite Greg
Published: September 2013

London, British Library, Manuscript Cotton Tiberius C.ii is a copy of Bede’s Historia Ecclesiastica dating from the early ninth century, and probably written at Canterbury. It contains various kinds of glossing and annotation made between the ninth and fourteenth centuries, including bilingual word-lists of the ninth century, and over four hundred scratched (dry-point) glosses in Old English, most if not all dating from the tenth century. A systematic analysis of the distribution of scratched glosses and comparison of individual glosses with the text of the Old English translation of Bede’s Historia indicates that several scholars (perhaps at Canterbury) had access to and drew upon the anonymous Mercian translation to aid their reading, study, and glossing of the Latin text.
A Mirror for London: The Geopolitics of A Larum for London at the Globe in 1599
Authors: Stephenson Joseph F.
Published: September 2013

Andrew Gurr has described the neglected play A Larum for London (1599) as ‘blatant propaganda’. The play stages events that had happened twenty-three years previously in Antwerp as a stand-in for what might happen if Spain’s ‘Invisible Armada’ were to succeed in sailing up the Thames to London. The politically charged play offers support for (or an encouragement to intensify) Elizabeth’s pro-Dutch, anti-Spanish foreign policy. By treating London and its residents as a mirror image of Antwerp, the play subtly interrogates contemporary English attitudes and values, both public and private.
Words as Weapons in the Correspondence of Edward I with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Authors: Neal Kathleen
Published: September 2013

The correspondence exchanged by Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, in the late thirteenth century has traditionally been read for its legal and jurisdictional implications. However, as Rees Davies noted, language was itself a weapon in medieval Anglo-Welsh conflict. From this assumption, I examine a single letter exchange to investigate the construction and function of royal epistolary language. I suggest that traditional and formulaic elements were adapted to strategic expression of the authority and longevity of royal power, and that silences were equally intentional and rhetorically forceful weapons in the campaign to dominate Wales.
Marvell’s Devout Mythology of the New World: Homeland and Home in ‘Bermudas’
Authors: Cousins A. D.
Published: September 2013

Andrew Marvell’s ‘Bermudas’ contributes to debates in Interregnum Britain about colonization of the New World, the idea of the ‘homeland’, and the identity of ‘true religion’. He creates what is in effect a sacred fable – a re-telling of the Exodus narrative – related not only to the Psalms and to psalm-paraphrase, but also to the theology of contemptus mundi that John Calvin articulates throughout his commentary on the Book of Psalms. In doing so, Marvell attempts to supplant Edmund Waller’s mock-heroic account of the Bermudas with his own devout mythos of the colony.
What shall we pack? New Zealand Immigrants and their Manuscripts
Authors: Barratt Alexandra
Published: September 2013

Most medieval manuscripts in New Zealand were purchased by New Zealand residents from northern hemisphere dealers. But one of the earliest arrived with its owner, Walter Mantell, in 1840. It contains an inscription, partly in Māori, gifting it to Mantell’s friend John Fitzgerald. In 1881 another immigrant, Charles Hudson, brought an illuminated late thirteenth-century Psalter with him. Now in the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, and hitherto misidentified as a Book of Hours, it is from northern Flanders or Cologne and probably belonged to a laywoman or a beguine, perhaps a member of the powerful Berthout family of Malines near Brussels.
The Shakespearean Glass Ceiling: the State of Colorblind Casting in Contemporary British Theatre
Authors: Rogers Jami
Published: September 2013

This article examines Shakespearean colourblind casting from a variety of angles, interrogating the 'glass ceiling' that remains prevalent in contemporary British theatre. By offering a brief survey of early examples of the practice of colourblind casting in Shakespearean roles, it seeks to establish casting patterns in the ensuing decades: typically, patterns of very few black, Asian or mixed-race actors and even fewer playing lead roles, instead being cast as members of warring factions or as supernumeraries. This analysis is informed by an attempt to quantify available data that includes major companies and regional theatres, examining 225 productions over a time span of 30 years. Research is drawn from archival materials held at the RSC and National Theatres, as well as local production companies, offering an insight into the ratios of white to ethnic minority actors in productions, the types of roles and the casting of understudy parts within contemporary Shakespearean theatre. The article also considers the perpetually contentious nature of the practice of colourblind casting through the lens of the socio-political events (such as the murder of Stephen Lawrence) that have coincided with specific moments in British theatre history. In doing so, it seeks to challenge commonly-held assumptions regarding the 'inclusive' state of contemporary productions of Shakespeare's plays, instead revealing their perpetuation of the dominant stereotype of Shakespeare as the preserve of the white cultural elite, as well as their assimilation of the practices of the wider entertainment industry, in which non-white actors are significantly underrepresented.
Where Was He Born? Speak! Tell me!: Julie Taymor’s Tempest , Hawaiian Slavery, and the Birther Controversy
Authors: Friedman Michael D.
Published: September 2013

In The Tempest (2010), Julie Taymor evokes a Pacific, rather than an Atlantic, framework for the play's events by shooting all exteriors for the film in Hawaii. She also casts African actor Djimon Hounsou as the enslaved Caliban despite the fact that African slaves were never actually kept on the Hawaiian islands. By transplanting the story of African slavery on the American mainland to a Hawaiian setting, Taymor occludes a full history of slavery in Hawaii that could have served as the basis for the portrayal of Caliban's experience of servitude on Shakespeare' island. Another by-product of Taymor's decision to portray Caliban as an African slave born in Hawaii who ultimately achieves dominion over his homeland is that her film resonates in unexpected ways with events transpiring in the United States during and after the 2008 presidential campaign. At that time, Barack Obama's eligibility to serve in that office came into question as a result of suspicions about his status as a natural-born American citizen. Taymor's Tempest parallels this "birther controversy" through its portrayal of Caliban as a dark-skinned man with one African parent, who, like Obama, unexpectedly rises to political power even though the legitimacy of his Hawaiian birth has come into question. By raising the issue of Hawaii's status as a state in the union, Taymor's film provokes us to consider whether the history of slavery in Hawaii constitutes an authentic part of the history of slavery in America.
Interrogating Escapism: Rethinking Kenneth Branagh’s Love’s Labour’s Lost
Authors: Severn John R.
Published: September 2013

In a departure from the widespread critical readings of Kenneth Branagh's cinematic adaptation of  Love's Labour's Lost  (2000) as a failed attempt to recreate the 1930s Hollywood film musical, this article takes a hermeneutic, rather than evaluative, approach in centralising the fragmented elements of pastiche which destabilise the film's readability as a unified text. Engaging with the manifold criticisms levelled against Branagh's fourth and arguably most radical Shakespearean adaptation, the argument emphasises the film's discontinuities and the often-questioned performance skills of its actors, positing these as strengths which respond directly to the metatheatricality and pastiche of Shakespeare's texts. Through a rejection of monologic readings of the film, the article instead places value on its apparent disjunctions, which create an interrogative text and invite the viewer to engage with the concept of escapism: a concept often obstructed by Branagh's knowing subversions of genre. By placing a play about a failed attempt at escapism in conversation with the Depression-era Hollywood film musical, one of the most escapist of film genres, Branagh's film, the article argues, opens itself up to interpretations of the film itself, Shakespeare's play, the musical genre, and spectator relationships to escapism.
“If I could see the Puppets Dallying”: Der Bestrafte Brudermord and Hamlet’s Encounters with the Puppets
Authors: Stern Tiffany
Published: September 2013

A number of puppeteers bear witness to an extraordinary text in Germany: an ancient, farcical version of Hamlet , for puppets, published in 1781. As it turns out, they are referring to a text well known to Hamlet scholars, Der Bestrafte Brudermord . This article explores Der Bestrafte Brudermord , not so much as a descendent of Q1 (with bits of Q2 muddled in), but as a potential puppet text. It looks at the background to Der Bestrafte Brudermord , explores how drama in adult and puppet form travelled over Europe, and asks whether Der Bestrafte Brudermord might ever have been the product of what Hamlet dismissively calls 'puppets dallying'.