bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switched Inductor and Capacitor Techniques for Efficient Power Conversion
Authors: Reddy B. Nagi , Reddy Sareddy Venkata Rami , Rajeshwari O. , Krishna G. Sai , Kedarnath A.
Published: February 2025

Power conversion systems are essential for efficient energy utilization in modern electrical and electronic systems. Among the various topologies available, the switched inductor (SI) and switched capacitor (SC) methods have become more popular because of their capacity to enhance voltage gain without requiring high transformer turn ratios. This paper presents an overview of SI and SC converters, along with various topologies and their performance. The Switched Inductor (SI) topology utilizes one or more inductors in a switching network to store energy in magnetic fields and release it during off periods, resulting in a boost or buck-boost voltage conversion. This technique offers high voltage gain and flexibility in managing power conversion. On the other hand, the Switched Capacitor (SC) topology transfers energy between capacitors through a controlled switching process, achieving efficient step-up or step-down voltage conversion. This paper explores their performance metrics, such as voltage gain, efficiency, and component stress. These topologies are vital to modern power conversion systems, offering high efficiency and reliability across a range of applications.
Role of Power Exchanges in Growth and Efficiency of Green Power Markets
Authors: Reddy E. Uma , Reddy K. Shashidhar , Lalitha M.
Published: February 2025

Green power markets are rapidly expanding not just with regulatory support but increased participants as the power exchanges facilitating them with innovative products in exchange of power. Power exchanges are playing a catalyst role in regulating the price, liquidity and ease of access to the scheduled power demand and supply. This study aims at examining the growth of Power exchanges Trade volumes and their influence on effective and efficient power trading with greater participation from industrial and commercial sectors.
Towards Sustainable DC Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review of IoT-Driven Frameworks
Authors: Rajitha Morampudi , Ram A. Raghu , Shravani Ch. , Lokeshwar Reddy Ch.
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive review of cyber-physical architectures for DC microgrids is presented, focusing on the integration of deep learning and LoRa technology for secure, efficient, and scalable communication networks. DC microgrids, with their decentralized energy resources and low inertia, face challenges such as real-time monitoring, fault detection, and vulnerability to cyber-attacks. The review highlights the potential of LoRa technology for long-range, low-power communication, ensuring seamless data exchange between distributed components, including renewable energy sources, storage systems, and control units. Deep learning models are explored for their application in predictive maintenance, fault detection, and cyber-attack mitigation, such as false data injection attacks. By integrating these technologies, the review underscores enhanced operational efficiency, robust cybersecurity, and real-time control in DC microgrids. The scalability of such architectures is evaluated, showing suitability for diverse microgrid scales, from residential setups to utility-level implementations. Findings from this review emphasize the synergy between IoT-driven communication networks and machine learning models in addressing energy management and cybersecurity challenges. The paper calls for standardized frameworks and collaborative efforts to further develop and deploy secure, resilient DC microgrid architectures, laying the groundwork for sustainable and efficient energy systems of the future.
IoT-Driven Innovations in Concrete Curing: Advancing Sustainable Construction with Hot Water Curing
Authors: Manoj Tangudu , Sai Vaddi Sesha , Prasad D.R. , Tadepalli Tezeswi , Rao T. Muralidhara , Bommisetty Jagadeesh
Published: February 2025

Curing is a critical process in concrete construction, ensuring adequate hydration for achieving the desired strength and durability. However, traditional methods, such as 28-day water curing, are often resource-intensive and misaligned with the fast-paced demands of modern construction projects. This study explores hot water curing as a sustainable and efficient alternative, leveraging IoT-driven digital technologies to optimize the process. The proposed smart curing system integrates components such as an Arduino microcontroller, relay modules, solenoid valves, and thermostats to maintain precise curing conditions, minimize water consumption, and promote early strength development. Experimental results demonstrate that curing concrete with hot water at 60°C for 12 hours achieves the required compressive strength, significantly reducing curing time and resource use. This approach not only aligns with sustainability goals but also supports the adoption of green construction practices, highlighting its potential to transform concrete curing in the context of renewable energy, green computing, and sustainable development.
Role of Extensibility in Battery Energy Transition: Impacts on Innovation Strategies and Market Trends
Authors: Jayaraj Nikhil , Anandaraj Sacithra , Ashok Anamika
Published: February 2025

As renewables increasingly replace conventional energy systems, batteries have become a critical component of the modern energy landscape. To analyse this transition, the diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory has been modified by introducing a new attribute- extensibility- alongside relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. Extensibility refers to the ability of technological innovation to adapt and grow in response to changing requirements. The study uses a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to explore the implications of the battery energy transition. This data is analysed using thematic analysis through the lens of the modified diffusion of innovations (DOI) theory focusing on extensibility. The versatility of batteries in serving multiple purposes, such as energy storage, grid balancing, and backup power.
Quantifying the effect of shadow formation on photovoltaic sources under thin object shading: an image analysis approach
Authors: Axisa Matthew , Mule’Stagno Luciano , Demicoli Marija
Published: February 2025

This study aims to quantify the size and intensity of umbra and penumbra shadows on photovoltaic (PV) modules and assess the resulting potential power loss using image analysis techniques. An innovative algorithm, developed from open-source code, was employed to analyze shadow characteristics, alongside outdoor experiments to measure the raw power loss caused by thin objects shading the PV module. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between power loss and object distance, which strengthens with increased object thickness. For larger objects between the range of 10 and 16 mm, the raw power loss is predominantly influenced by umbra intensity, while smaller thin objects in the range between 2.8 and 8 mm are affected more by the intensity of the penumbra shadow. Moreover, beyond a distance of 225 cm, for object thicknesses up to 16mm, umbra shadows disappear, leaving only penumbra, which continues to cause power loss, though at a lower intensity. The study's key findings indicate that thicker objects generate stronger umbra shadows, correlating more significantly with power loss, while thinner objects create diffuse penumbra shadows with a reduced impact. Penumbra size and intensity play a critical role, as larger penumbras correspond to a slower reduction in power loss over distance. Shadow intensity, particularly for thicker objects, proves to be a more decisive factor in the raw power loss output than shadow size, as the increase in shadow size compensates for the loss in intensity. The image analysis techniques developed in this work provide an effective method for objectively quantifying the size and intensity of umbra and penumbra shadows, highlighting the importance of shadow dynamics.
Characterizing self-heating dynamics using cyclostationary measurements
Authors: Shin SangHoon , Masuduzzaman Muhammad , Alam Muhammad Ashraful
Published: February 2025

Self-heating in surround gate (e.g., nanosheet, nanowire, and FinFET) transistors degrades their on-current performance and reduces their lifetime. If a transistor heats/cools with time constants much shorter than the inverse of the operating frequency, predictable, frequency-independent performance is expected; if not, the operating frequency must be optimized for the highest performance. Typically, time constants are measured by expensive, ultra-fast instruments with high temporal resolution. Instead, here, we demonstrate an alternate, inexpensive, cyclostationary measurement technique to characterize self-heating (and cooling) with sub-microsecond resolution. The results are independently confirmed by direct imaging of the transient heating/cooling of the channel temperature by the thermoreflectance method. Routine use of the proposed technique will help improve the design of the surrounding gate transistors and shorten their design cycle.
Zero-point energies from bond orders and populations relationships
Authors: Zulueta Barbaro , Rude Colin D. , Mangiardi Jesse A. , Petersson George A. , Keith John A.
Published: February 2025

We report two analytical quantum mechanics (QM) models for approximating appropriately scaled harmonic zero-point energies (ZPEs) without Hessian calculations. Following our earlier bond energies from bond orders and populations model that takes a similar form as an extended Hückel model but uses well-conditioned orbital populations, this work demonstrates a proof of concept for approximating ZPEs, an important component in thermochemistry calculations, while eschewing unfavorably scaling algorithms involving Hessian matrices. The ZPE-BOP1 model uses Mulliken orbital populations from hybrid Kohn–Sham density functional theory calculations within an extended Hückel-type model that defines vibrational bond energy terms using two atom-pairwise parameters that are fit to reproduce ZPEs from B3LYP calculations. The more accurate ZPE-BOP2 model uses Mulliken orbital populations from Hartree–Fock calculations within a different extended Hückel-type model that includes a short-range anharmonic energy term and a coupled three-body oscillator energy term with seven atom-pairwise parameters. Both models predict ZPEs in molecules involving first row elements, but ZPE-BOP2 outperforms ZPE-BOP1 in strained and long-chain molecules and provides ZPEs more competitive with those from semi-empirical QM methods (e.g., AM1, PM6, PM7, and XTB-2) that compute ZPEs with Hessian calculations. This work shows progress and an outlook toward computational models that use well-conditioned orbital populations to efficiently predict useful physicochemical properties. It also shows opportunities for approximate QM models that would shift traditional computational bottlenecks away from costly algorithms such as Hessian calculations to others that focus on reliable orbital populations.
DISCOVER: New integrated code to simulate helium detached plasma in a linear device
Authors: Natsume H. , Masuda S. , Tanaka H. , Migita R. , Mano R. , Sugiura K. , Sawada K. , Hoshino K. , Hayashi Y. , Ohno N.
Published: February 2025

A detached plasma integrated simulation code with various elastic/inelastic reactions (DISCOVER) was developed for better understanding of detached helium plasma experiments. DISCOVER, which includes a neutral transport code, fluid code, and collisional radiative code, considers elastic and inelastic collisions between recycling neutrals and bulk particles, as well as the transport of metastable atoms [He(21S) and He(23S)]. The code was used for simulating helium plasma in the linear plasma device NAGDIS-II. The transition from attached to detached plasma was demonstrated in the simulation by increasing the upstream electron density through an increase in the gas supply from the plasma source while maintaining a fixed downstream gas injection rate. In addition, similar transition was also observed by introducing neutral particles from downstream, while maintaining a fixed upstream electron density. In the detached plasma, the density of He(23S) near the end target was approximately seven times higher than that in the attached plasma. Furthermore, it was evident that the transport of He(23S) enhanced the electron energy rate coefficient and influenced the spatial distribution of the detached plasma.
Cyclically symmetric radially self-similar phononic pseudocrystal isolator for broadband, ultrasonic vibration bandstop filtering
Authors: Swift S. Hales , El-Kady Ihab F. , Kellogg Rick A. , Cillessen Dale E. , Denison Michael H.
Published: February 2025

A 2D phononic pseudocrystal isolator exhibiting cyclic symmetry and radial self-similarity is measured and demonstrated to block a wide range of ultrasonic vibration. Measurements of longitudinal and shear wave blocking effects are made and compared with computational results. The use of the bandgap edge ratio is recommended for quantifying suppression in very-wide-bandgap materials. The upper-to-lower suppression edge frequency ratios of 3–4 are remarkably large for shear waves and even larger for longitudinal waves upper-to-lower suppression ratio (13 at 5 dB), such that 92.5% of frequencies in that range experience ≥ 5 dB of suppression.
Elegant high-order harmonic vortices generation
Authors: Granados C. , Das Bikash K. , Gao Wenlong , Ciappina M. F.
Published: February 2025

High-order harmonic generation is a cornerstone of attosecond science, with applications spanning from spectroscopy to the creation of ultrashort light pulses with temporal duration falling in the attosecond regime. In addition, light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) allow studies of light–matter interactions mediated by OAM couplings. In this work, we present an alternative approach to generating high-order harmonic vortices using elegant Laguerre–Gaussian (eLG) beams. We examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of these harmonic vortices in the far-field regime and demonstrate how the low divergence of eLG beams makes them suitable for producing extreme ultraviolet (XUV) twisted attosecond pulses. Additionally, by solving the far-field Fraunhofer integral, we analyze the influence of azimuthal and radial indices on the spatial profile of vortex beams, thereby exploring the impact of larger topological charges. This study extends the concept of harmonic vortices generated by Laguerre–Gaussian beams to applications beyond the paraxial approximation.
Levenberg–Marquardt neural networks (LMNNs) for free convective Casson fluid flow in partially heated square cavity with rectangular heat source
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Shatanawi Wasfi , Lok Yian Yian
Published: February 2025

The study of Casson fluid in cavities is relevant in different fields like biomedical simulations, chemical processing, lubrication, reactor design, and microfluidic devices, to mention just a few. Therefore, it remains always a topic of great interest for researchers to explore the flow field aspects of Casson fluid in both theoretical and experimental frames. Owing to such motivation, we offered an integration of neural networks with the finite element method to study the free convective Casson thermal flow field in a partially heated square cavity rooted with a rectangular heat source. The heat source is uniformly heated, and the bottom wall is taken with non-uniform heating. The right and left walls are engaged cold. The top wall is considered adiabatic. The flow equations are mathematically modeled and solved by using a hybrid meshed based finite element method. The Nusselt number along the rectangular heat source is predicted by an AI-based neural network model. The performance of the constructed neural network model is tested through regression coefficients and mean square error. The artificial neural network (ANN) model appears to be well-trained and capable of reliably forecasting heat transfer in this system, based on the close match between the ANN predictions and the real data of the Nusselt number. It is found that the horizontal and vertical velocities significantly increase as the Rayleigh number rises, indicating more intense convective flow. Furthermore, the Nusselt number significantly rises along the rectangular heat source for higher Rayleigh numbers.
Picosecond imaging of dynamics of solvated electrons during femtosecond laser-induced plasma generation in water
Authors: Sakakibara Noritaka , Ito Tsuyohito , Hakuta Yukiya , Shimizu Yoshiki , Terashima Kazuo , Miura Eisuke
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of solvated electrons were visualized using absorption imaging with sub-picosecond time resolution based on a pump–probe measurement during the early stages of femtosecond laser-induced plasma generation in water. The solvated electrons were generated by the propagation of a femtosecond laser pump pulse. In the area with a pump laser intensity over 2 × 1013 W/cm2, where a high density of free electrons was produced, solvated electrons exhibited an additional rapid increase in optical density (OD) at 800 nm, 7–9 ps after the pump pulse excitation. In contrast, no two-step increase in OD was observed when probed at 400 nm, suggesting that the absorption coefficient of the solvated electrons rapidly changed around 800 nm after femtosecond laser excitation for a few picoseconds. This observation might indicate the structural and electronic modulation of solvated electrons owing to the high density of free electrons in water, accompanied by femtosecond-laser-induced plasma generation.
Nonlinear response of hybrid magnons in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Hayashi Daiju , Shiota Yoichi , You Mujin , Park Albert Min Gyu , Kim Kab-Jin , Narita Hideki , Hisatomi Ryusuke , Karube Shutaro , Ono Teruo
Published: February 2025

In this study, we investigated the nonlinear response of hybrid magnons consisting of acoustic and optic magnon modes in in-plane magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets. Using the heterodyne magneto-optical Kerr effect technique, we optically measured the properties of hybrid magnons under various excitation powers. These measurements revealed that the increase in the excitation power changed the resonance spectrum and the intensity distribution of the magnon dispersion relation due to the nonlinear dynamics of propagating magnons. This study advances the understanding of the nonlinear behavior of hybrid magnons, contributing to the future development of magnonic logic circuits and quantum devices.
High-frequency magnetic properties of modified Cu–Ni 18H ferrites with low magnetic loss up to 6 GHz for 5G communications
Authors: Xu Zhibiao , Wang Guowu , Zhang Sha , Cui Jinghao , Xiong Longhui , He Donglin , Liu Yu , Wang Tao
Published: February 2025

Rapidly developing fifth-generation (5G) communications urgently require a ferrite material with high permeability and low magnetic loss in frequency bands up to 6 GHz. However, none of the present magnetic materials are capable of meeting the requirements of 5G communications because their magnetic properties deteriorate drastically when approaching GHz frequencies. Herein, we report the high-frequency magnetic properties of the modified Ba5Cu2-xNixTi3Fe12O31 (Cu–Ni 18H) ferrites, achieving a relatively high permeability of 1.6 and a low magnetic loss of 0.05 at 6 GHz, which is much better than previous reports. Such excellent performance is attributed to the expanded mono-domain critical size and reduced damping of magnetic moment precession. Moreover, deploying Cu–Ni 18H ferrites as a substrate on a patch antenna working at 6 GHz can reduce the antenna dimensions to 35% of traditional commercial materials. The present work provides a proven and promising candidate material for 5G communications and expands the research landscape for the high-frequency magnetic properties of microwave ferrites.
Particle-in-cell simulation in contact with a chaotic thermostat
Authors: Morales G. J. , Decyk V. K. , Wang A.
Published: February 2025

This investigation explores the properties of a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation in which the interacting particles are simultaneously in contact with a chaotic thermostat [G. J. Morales, Phys. Rev. E 99, 062218 (2019)]. The role of the thermostat is to maintain a Maxwellian velocity distribution function having a prescribed temperature through deterministic, chaotic orbits. In the absence of a self-consistent electric field, it has been previously established [G. J. Morales and Z. Li, Phys. Plasmas 30, 032104 (2023)] that the wave–particle interaction in this environment follows the generalized collisional plasma dispersion function [B. D. Fried et al., Phys. Fluids 9, 292 (1966)]. This implies that the particle response automatically evolves from the collisionless Landau limit to the Braginskii collisional behavior as the coupling time scale to the thermostat is varied. The present work documents the ensuing collective behavior for a variety of situations, including heating and cooling to Maxwellian distributions of prescribed temperatures, relaxation of an initial drift, response to a DC electric field, Debye shielding of spatially periodic sources, externally driven traveling waves, and relaxation of the two-stream instability. In addition to the usual collective Langmuir waves, it is found that the system supports modes associated with the thermostat dynamics. These modes become more prominent as the effective collision frequency becomes comparable to the plasma frequency.
Insight into the behavior and dynamics of extended thin films in shear-thinning liquids
Authors: Datta Deeptayan , DasGupta Sunando , Chakraborty Monojit
Published: February 2025

Extended liquid thin films are essential and ubiquitous in the field of microfluidics. Mass and energy transfer in microfluidic systems, such as micro-scale heat pipes, falling film reactors, etc., depend on the forces acting near the three-phase contact line. Within the extended thin film region, the solid–liquid intermolecular force becomes significant along with the surface force. Several experiments have been conducted to understand and optimize the forces involved in mass and energy transport for Newtonian liquids. However, in real-world situations, these extended thin films are usually made of non-Newtonian liquids. The impact of high viscous forces and the complex rheology of non-Newtonian liquids on the extended thin film remains largely unexplored. This work pioneers a detailed experimental investigation into the extended thin film behavior of a shear-thinning polymeric liquid solution, offering new insights into this understudied phenomenon. The polymeric solution is supplemented with a surfactant to adjust the surface tension. The interplay between surfactant and the intrinsic nature of polymer solutions is studied by measuring their rheological properties. The extended thin film thickness is measured using image-analysis interferometry for polymer solutions with varying concentrations. The Hamaker constant is calculated from the slope and curvature profiles. A theoretical model is developed using the augmented Young–Laplace equation. The model can predict the extended film thickness profile near the three-phase contact line region. The model's predictions are favorably compared with experimental results. This work advances the understanding of extended thin film dynamics in non-Newtonian fluids, with broad implications for industrial and scientific applications.
A highly integrated three-axis vector diamond quantum magnetometer with a compact electrical package
Authors: Peng Xiao , Xie Fei , Zhu Yaochen , Luo Xin , Liu Qihui , Wang Dan , Hu Yuqiang , Han Jiachen , Li Lingyun , Liu Jianping , Chen Hao , Cheng Jiangong , Wu Zhenyu
Published: February 2025

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has been widely studied as a high-sensitivity solid-state quantum sensor with a wide range of applications, including magnetometry, thermometry manometry, and chemical sensing. However, its application in practical scenarios remains challenging due to difficulties of component manufacturing, miniaturization, and integration for NV control and readout. Here, we demonstrate an all-electric driving diamond sensor fabricated using standard microfabrication processes and micro-assembly, achieving integration of five key components—laser diode, diamond, microwave antenna, long pass filter, and photodiode in a hermetically sealed package case, with dimensions of 2.72 cm3. The integrated diamond magnetometer achieved a magnetic sensitivity of 2.25 nT · Hz−1/2. Additionally, the inherent crystallographic axes of the diamond are used to simultaneously detect vector magnetic field signals. The design and fabrication process allows for wafer-level assembly, enabling low-cost mass-production and easy integration with peripheral circuits.
Strain-induced Kramers–Weyl phase in III–V zinc blende systems
Authors: Aglagul Denis , Shi Jian
Published: February 2025

We present theoretical observations on the topological nature of strained III–V semiconductors. By k·p perturbation, it can be shown that the strain-engineered conduction band hosts a Kramers–Weyl node at the Γ point. It is theoretically shown that a curated strain can create and then tune the sign of the topological charge. Furthermore, we outline experimental methods for both the realization and detection of strain-induced topological phase transitions.
Ultrafast 0D/1D ZnO/CuO photodetector in nanosecond scale by engineering the type-II heterostructure
Authors: Li Yani , Zheng Heyuan , Li Jinhua , Shi Kaixi , Fang Xuan , Lan Yunping , Jiang Zhenfeng
Published: February 2025

Zero-dimensional/one-dimensional (0D/1D) heterojunctions have excellent potential in the field of optoelectronic devices due to the synergy effect of different dimensions. Most reported 0D/1D heterojunction photodetectors only focus on optimizing the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers at the interface. However, the carriers within the quantum dots (QDs) cannot be transferred to the electrodes, resulting in recombination of photogenerated carriers separated at the interface. Therefore, the response speed of most 0D/1D heterojunction photodetectors is still limited to the order of seconds (s) and milliseconds (ms). In our work, we demonstrate a nanosecond (ns) scale ZnO/CuO heterojunction photodetector with efficient photoelectric conversion by engineering the type-II 0D/1D heterojunction interface. Herein, the surface defect states of ZnO QDs are deliberately introduced as “electrons storage pool” to suppress carrier recombination and further promote separation, which has been confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL). As a result, the photodetector exhibited excellent performance with ultrafast response speed of 20 ns, responsivity of 213 A/W, and detectivity of 2.95 × 1011 Jones, respectively. This defect related interface engineering provides a feasible strategy for the development of high-performance 0D/1D heterojunction photodetectors.
Tailoring transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect enhancement in Mie-resonant nanowire-based metasurfaces
Authors: Mamian K. A. , Popov V. V. , Frolov A. Yu. , Fedyanin A. A.
Published: February 2025

Tailoring of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in hybrid metasurfaces comprising rectangular silicon nanowires coupled with a nickel substrate is demonstrated. The excitation of Mie modes of different orders in nanowires causes TMOKE enhancement. The in-plane magnetic dipole mode leads to the largest TMOKE enhancement compared to other Mie modes. Changing the width of silicon nanowires entails a modification of that mode, thereby ensuring tailoring of the TMOKE within the range of 2.2%–3.8%. This tunability is associated with the modification of the near-field localized at the Si/Ni interface and the far-field response of the excited magnetic dipole mode. Adjusting these two quantities allows one to achieve the highest values of the TMOKE caused by individual Mie modes in silicon nanowires.
Quantitative analysis of shear band formation around collapsing pores in shocked energetic organic crystals
Authors: Weger Luke , Herrin Jacob , Okafor Chukwudubem , Larentzos James , Brennan John , Sewell Tommy , Picu Catalin R. , Udaykumar H. S.
Published: February 2025

Shear bands can play a significant role in energy localization in energetic crystals loaded under the high-pressure, high strain-rate conditions of shock waves. While the origin and growth of shear bands have been well studied and visualized in atomic crystalline solids (metals and alloys), as well as in amorphous materials (e.g., metallic glasses), they are less well understood in reactive low-symmetry organic energetic crystals. Recently developed atomistic-consistent material models for commonly studied energetic crystals, HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane), have been shown in meso-scale (continuum) simulations to produce shear bands in good agreement with molecular dynamics (MD). Here, by exercising this atomistic-consistent continuum model, we analyze meso-scale simulation-generated shear band patterns during shock-induced pore collapse in HMX and RDX, spanning a wide range of pore sizes and shock strengths. Quantitative pattern analysis of shear bands is performed to extract key metrics, such as spacings at various instants of pore collapse, shear band propagation velocities, etc. These metrics show good agreement with the corresponding MD data for HMX and RDX; we assess the quantitative characteristics of the simulated shear bands against theoretical scaling relationships for shear bands developed mostly in the context of metals. The characteristics of simulated shear bands, such as spacings and growth rates, are found to align well with thermomechanical instability theory. Shear band growth rates display the expected initial slow incipience, intermediate fast growth, and later fast extinction phases seen in experiments. This work indicates that the theory of shear band formation and growth from the surface of pores and defects appears to hold across solids with quite different molecular arrangements. Valuable insights are obtained that enhance our understanding of the contribution of shear banding mechanisms to energy localization in shocked energetic materials.
Predicting reading comprehension in Creole Papiamento and Dutch in a post-colonial context
Authors: Mercelina Gil-Marie , Segers Eliane , Severing Ronald , Verhoeven Ludo
Published: February 2025

In postcolonial contexts, children usually learn to read in a language other than their main socialization
language, usually a creole. To understand how this affects reading acquisition we examined the early Creole Papiamento (L1) and
Dutch (L2) reading skills of 128 Caribbean children. We investigated the impact of instructional order, first Papiamento then
Dutch (Papiamento-first group), and vice versa (Dutch-first group), and cognitive and linguistic predictors on grade 2 reading
comprehension. The study also explored linguistic interdependence. Results showed a significant positive effect of instructional
order on Dutch reading comprehension for the Dutch-first group, but no differences between groups on Papiamento reading
comprehension. Both linguistic and cognitive precursors predicted reading comprehension in Papiamento and Dutch. We found that
reading comprehension in Papiamento and Dutch is interdependent, influenced by instruction language, especially in the Dutch-first
group. This underlines the crucial role of L1 in shaping reading comprehension in both L1 and L2.
Neural Network-Based Frequency Optimization for Superconducting Quantum Chips
Authors: Lu Bin-Han , Li Qing-Song , Wang Peng , Chen Zhao-Yun , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: February 2025

Optimizing frequency configurations for qubits and gates in superconducting quantum chips presents a complex NP-complete challenge, critical for mitigating decoherence and crosstalk. This paper introduces a neural network-based approach, leveraging the network as a surrogate model to predict frequency errors. The method employs a closed-loop Bayesian optimization framework to iteratively refine configurations, guided by the network’s knowledge of nonlinear error mechanisms. By focusing on localized chip windows, the optimization identifies optimal frequency settings that minimize errors. The approach is validated through randomized and cross-entropy benchmarking, showing improved energy calculations when optimizing frequency configurations for a crosstalk-aware hardware-efficient ansatz in variational quantum eigensolvers on superconducting quantum chips.
Bayesian Interpretation of Husimi Function and Wehrl Entropy
Authors: Xu Chen , Yu Yiqi , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2025

Husimi function (Q-function) of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation. It is widely used in theoretical research, such as in quantum optics. The Wehrl entropy is the Shannon entropy of the Husimi function, and is non-zero even for pure states. This entropy has been extensively studied in mathematical physics. Recent research also suggests a significant connection between the Wehrl entropy and many-body quantum entanglement in spin systems. We investigate the statistical interpretation of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy, taking the system of $N$ spin-1/2 particles as an example. Due to the completeness of coherent states, the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy can be explained via the positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) theory, although the coherent states are not a set of orthonormal basis. Here, with the help of the Bayes' theorem, we provide an alternative probabilistic interpretation for the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy. This interpretation is based on direct measurements of the system, and thus does not require the introduction of an ancillary system as in POVM theory. Moreover, under this interpretation the classical correspondences of the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy are just phase-space probability distribution function of $N$ classical tops, and its associated entropy, respectively. Therefore, this explanation contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the Husimi function, Wehrl entropy, and classical-quantum correspondence. The generalization of this statistical interpretation to continuous-variable systems is also discussed.
Research on insulator defect detection technology based on improved YOLOv10n
Authors: Niu Zongchao
Published: February 2025

We propose an enhanced YOLOv10n algorithm to boost precision in detecting insulator defects amidst complex backgrounds during UAV-assisted inspections. The study first enhances the model’s attention to a larger range of features by labeling the existing dataset in detail, then introduces the AKConv variable convolution mechanism to the front end of the YOLOv10n backbone network, and integrates the EMA_attention multiscale attention mechanism at the end of its neural network. The enhanced YOLOv10n model achieves a 4.4% increase in mAP0.5, a 1.1% increase in mAP50-90, and a 7.1% improvement in accuracy compared to the original YOLOv10n network.
Super twisting algorithm for power conversion system based on LCL filter
Authors: Li Chao , Gao Ning
Published: February 2025

New energy represented by wind and solar energy is often used in conjunction with energy storage devices due to its changing characteristics. For the three-phase two-level power conversion system (PCS), a super twisting algorithm (STA) control strategy based on the system error model is proposed in this paper. This method can maintain the quality of the grid current when the grid has large harmonics; it can operate in different modes to meet different power factor requirements. The proposed method has high parameter robustness and can resist the parameter drift of components. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove the correctness of the proposed control strategy.
Research on indoor temperature and humidity coupling system based on fuzzy adaptive PD control
Authors: Li Hui , Yang Hao , Zhang Suli , Miao Jiahao
Published: February 2025

In this research, a fuzzy adaptive PD control approach is introduced for managing the coupled indoor temperature and humidity system. Initially, the mathematical framework of indoor temperature and humidity is analyzed. For the coupled system, a decoupling control strategy is introduced, which eliminates the mutual influence between temperature and humidity by incorporating decoupling components, thereby enabling the system to be equivalently controlled as two independent single-input single-output systems. Secondly, a fuzzy adaptive PD control method is employed to achieve parameter self-tuning. Finally, to assess the efficacy of the introduced control approach, the present study undertakes a simulation analysis, utilizing a medium-sized office as a case study. The outcomes of the simulation suggest that upon implementing the fuzzy adaptive PD control methodology, the modulation of indoor temperature and humidity achieves enhanced precision and swiftness, notably demonstrating greater robustness in the presence of disturbance signals.
Slum Settlements of Sukamentri Village, Garut: Observation and Recommendations
Authors: Hantari Anjas Ninda , Sambas Keisha Aulia
Published: February 2025

Slum settlements are often seen as areas that are synonymous with dense, poor, unfit, unhealthy populations and other negative stigmas. Handling slum areas is not only carried out in metropolitan areas, but also needs to be carried out in the smallest parts of cities or village areas. Sukamentri Village in Garut Regency is a village indicated as a slum settlement. Residential conditions with dense populations and undirected and planned development support a decline in the quality of the residential environment. Many residents of Sukamentri Village are also infected with tuberculosis (TB). There are various development and public health problems in settlements, so the research question is what are the methods for dealing with slum settlements and how will the health quality and facilities and infrastructure of Sukamentri Village settlements be handled? This research uses a deductive research method, namely using parameters and variables from several theories to look at settlement elements, health quality, facilities and infrastructure in Sukamentri Village. At the analysis stage, this research uses qualitative methods which require more direct involvement in the field. The formation of the Sukamentri Village slum settlement in the RW 05 area was due to the suboptimal quality of residential facilities and infrastructure. There is a need to improve the health quality of residential facilities, including building healthy houses and providing green open space in residential environments. Improving the quality of health infrastructure includes construction of road pavement, construction of drainage, and construction of waste disposal in residential areas.
Toward the Estates General
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

The recommendation of the parlement of Paris that the Estates General follow the forms of 1614 ignited a passionate debate and expanded the issue of privilege beyond its fiscal dimension to encompass a political component as well. Necker had authorized a doubling of the number of representatives for the Third Estate but did not stipulate procedures for deliberation and voting, which resulted in uncertainty and intensified the debate. As electoral assemblies gathered to elect deputies and draw up cahiers, many noble assemblies renounced their fiscal privileges but linked the renunciation to deliberation and vote by order at the Estates General. The cahiers expressed the desire for a constitution, but the sense of it was inchoate. The primary demand was a redefinition of government that would include regular meetings of the Estates General in the future.
The Expansion of the Constitution
Authors: Fitzsimmons Michael P
Published: February 2025

The Assembly elected a Committee on the Constitution to draft constitutional articles and present them to the Assembly and it offered its first report on July 27. The committee declared that its work would be guided by the cahiers and it grounded its report in prescriptive tradition. Just over a week later, however, the repudiation of privilege by the Assembly in its meeting of the night of August 4 enlarged the scope of the constitutional project from a task of weeks or months to years. The Assembly had to overcome dissembling by the king and misgivings from some areas, which intensified after the transfer of the royal family from Versailles to Paris, to enact its new ideals. The autumn of 1789 was a time of uncertainty for the Assembly, but it never resorted to coercion to advance its goals.
Introduction
Authors: Lemke Douglas
Published: February 2025

In this introductory chapter, I lay out the themes of the book. I explain why state death matters. I describe how state death has been studied in the past. I indicate why we need to consider both sovereign states and territorial contenders and why we need to include all forms of state death in order to advance understanding of this important topic. The broader focus is necessary because many theoretical arguments about state death cannot be fairly tested unless we consider more actors and more behaviors. In this chapter, I also carefully consider trade-offs between past research and the many research design changes proposed. Throughout the chapter, I offer many real-world examples of state deaths to demonstrate the range of actors and event types relevant to the fundamental question of how states die.
The Politics of World Heritage
Authors: Kalaycioglu Elif
Published: February 2025

In The  Politics of World Heritage, Elif Kalaycioglu analyzes UNESCO’s flagship regime, which seeks to curate a cultural history of humanity, attached to “universal value,” and tethered to goals of peace and solidarity. Kalaycioglu’s analysis tracks that construction across fifty years of the regime and under three distinct visions: humanity as a rarefied transhistorical and transgeographic subject, humanity as a diverse subject, and humanity as a subject that is adequately represented by the community of nation states. Each of these constructions relies on epistemic and discursive resources that substantiate and bring into being this cultural-historical humanity. By scrutinizing how these resources are marshaled to the construction of humanity by experts and states, Kalaycioglu’s analysis reveals the desirous entanglements in humanity, and its coproduction as a subject that organizes a hierarchical social, in this case cultural and historical, order. If so, then what about the aspiration to humanity’s peace and solidarity? The book takes up these possibilities as they emerge in relation to various constructions of humanity. It locates in nested narratives of humanity, constructed from its margins and underlining both the interconnectedness and the unevenness of its global politics, visions of peace and solidarity that open up to more robust future possibilities.
Introduction
Authors: Gutner Tamar
Published: February 2025

The AIIB is an important development in global governance, as China’s first foray into leading an international organization with global membership. It is a paradox: a liberal institution, unambiguously connected to rules and norms of the liberal international order, created by an illiberal regime. The book offers a comprehensive explanation of the factors behind why the bank was created and how it was designed by a group of state and multilateral development bank (MDB) experts to be deeply nested within the norms, rules, and networks of MDBs. The arguments advance theories of institutional design and institutional diffusion and emphasize the importance of a more nuanced understanding of China’s various strategies in global economic governance.
Introduction
Authors: Shoemaker David
Published: February 2025

This introduction to the ninth volume of Oxford Studies in Agency and Responsibility briefly discusses each of the new essays being published. They were drawn from the seventh biennial New Orleans Workshop in Agency and Responsibility (NOWAR), held in November 2023. The essays cover a wide range of topics relevant to the workshop’s theme, including the nature of agential value, heroes and humility in the face of admiration (and how to laugh it off), culpability for ignorance, guilt without blameworthiness, weakness of will, Buddhism and anger, gratitude and how to return a kindness, sincere (and not so sincere) apology, mens rea, and agential commitment
Living Without Anger
Authors: Chadha Monima , Nichols Shaun
Published: February 2025

A central form of anger is (1) elicited by the perception of being insulted by another person and (2) motivates retaliatory reactions toward the other person. This kind of anger plausibly has benefits, including protection against mistreatment. However, such anger seems to presuppose that there is a self that is the target of the anger. Hence, Buddhist no-self theorists forswear anger. But what about the benefits of anger? We argue that the Buddhist tradition encourages alternative emotional responses in the face of insult. Further, the monastic community abides by a system of vows that is well designed to discourage anger-inducing actions.
Fitting Guilt Without Blameworthiness
Authors: Velichkov Alexander
Published: February 2025

The standard account of guilt states that it is fitting (and/or deserved) for an agent to feel the emotion of guilt only if she is blameworthy. This chapter proposes and defends the Moral Debt Account of guilt, according to which guilt is fitting when an agent has a moral debt in virtue of a disrupted moral relationship. This allows for guilt to be fitting when the agent is morally innocent, for example, when she is in a state of epistemic uncertainty, possesses inequitable benefits, or all-things-considered justifiably harms or wrongs another. Furthermore, the Moral Debt Account has the resources to accommodate the intuition that agents do not deserve to suffer the pain of guilt when they are not blameworthy.