bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legalitas Peremponang atau Muhabet sebagai Organisasi Kemasyarakatan
Authors: Nendissa Reny Heronia
Published: August 2020

This writing aims to determine Peremponang or Muhabet or with other names can be categorized as community organizations based on Law Number 7/2013 as amended by Perpu No. 2/2017 because there are still many Peremponang or Muhabet or with other names in Ambon City and Maluku Province which have not been registered as a social organization. This writing uses normative juridical research type with the statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study explained that Peremponang or Muhabet or by other names had in fact been there even hundreds of years ago but had not been legalized and registered as mass organizations based on statutory regulations. Suggestions from this writing are. the government must make an inventory of the existence of women or muhabet or with other names in Ambon City and Maluku Province in general and advise to register so that it is not considered illegal other than that the rights and obligations of Ormas can be carried out properly especially the government's responsibility to empower Ormas, so that community welfare can be realized through women or muhabet or with other names.
SURGICAL INTERVENTION OF HYPOSPADIAS ASSOCIATED WITH URETHRAL DIVERTICULUM IN A MALE GOAT KID: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Qayyum Abdul
Published: August 2020

A four-month-old male goat kid weighing about 18kg was brought to the Surgery Section, University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan with a complaint of oliguria, dysuria and stranguria accompanied by urethral pouch swelling. The owner noticed that kid was vocalizing and straining on urination. Physical examination revealed formation of a penile urethral diverticulum. On diverticulum palpation subcutaneous leakage was noticed from fluctuating pocket. Incision on the skin of diverticulum revealed penile hypospadias condition. Permanent type of urethrostomy and urethral diverticulectomy was carried out. Simple interrupted sutures were applied to approximate the urethral layer with the skin using Mersilk (2-0). Urethrostomy site was healed without any post-operative complication and goat kid was reported urinating properly.
BUAH ROH DALAM GALATIA 5:22-23 DAN PENERAPANNYA BAGI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN
Authors: Belo Yosia
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This research is a literature study of the fruits of the Spirit in Galatians 5: 22-23. By using a qualitative approach, the results are found that the fruits of the Spirit should be owned by every student who has studied Christian Religious Education. Therefore it is a sign of the presence of the Holy Spirit in each of their lives and at the same time shows the change or transformation brought about by the Bible study they learned in the Christian Religious Education class.

Keywords: Spirit Fruit, Galatians, Christian Religious Education

 

Abstraksi: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka terhadap buah-buah Roh dalam Galatia 5:22-23. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, maka ditemukan hasil bahwa buah-buah Roh sudah seharusnya dimiliki oleh setiap peserta didik yang telah belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Oleh karena itu sebagai tanda kehadiran Roh Kudus dalam setiap kehidupan mereka dan sekaligus menunjukkan perubahan atau transformasi yang ditimbulkan oleh pelajaran Alkitab yang mereka pelajari dalam kelas Pendidikan Agama Kristen.

Kata Kunci: Buah Roh, Galatia, Pendidikan Agama Kristen
KAJIAN TEOLOGIS TENTANG PERSEPULUHAN
Authors: Sarjono Ndaru
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Karya ilmiah ini membahas tentang persepuluhan yang sering didengar oleh orang percaya, akan tetapi lebih sering tidak dimengerti orang percaya. Topik ini merupakan pergumulan bagi setiap orang percaya karena ketidaktahuannya apa yang menjadi alasan untuk memberikan persepuluhan. Dalam karya ilmiah ini penulis akan mengemukakan beberapa konsep teologis mengenai persepuluhan dari Perjanjian Lama sampai Perjanjian Baru. Kiranya penelitian dalam karya ilmiah ini dapat membantu setiap orang percaya untuk memahami konsep teologis dari persepuluhan.
Experimentação e prudência no pensamento rizomático de Deleuze e Guattari
Authors: Melo Danilo
Published: August 2020

A perspectiva rizomática no pensamento de Deleuze e Guattari consiste numa “ruptura de escala” de análise da realidade, na qual deixamos de percebê-la como pura unidade, seja no sujeito ou no objeto. Com isso, nos fazem notar que o pensamento clássico, filosófico e científico, nunca permitiu que se compreendessem as multiplicidades rizomáticas que eles propõem, onde toda forma de unidade é excluída. A partir da operação rizomática de subtração da unidade como imagem de referência para toda multiplicidade (n-1), vemos emergir um modo de abordar as realidades a partir de três conjuntos de linhas que nos compõem, indivíduos ou grupos, e que se distribuem num plano de imanência em que se relacionam continuamente. As análises das linhas e de suas relações nos aproximam da questão da criação ou da produção da novidade e dos devires na obra de Deleuze e Guattari. A tarefa consiste em abrir os problemas práticos a fim de liberar as linhas, sejam as de uma vida, as de um indivíduo ou as de uma sociedade, mas para isso é necessário convocar experimentações nas quais é preciso proceder com prudência. Neste sentido, esta filosofia prática deve ser compreendida necessariamente como uma ética e o que pretendemos aqui é justamente pensar como se configura este modo dinâmico e imanente de avaliação dos riscos e dos fatores de criação que se apresentam constantemente nos mais diversos planos da realidade.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Children Ages Birth–5 Years
Authors: Kingsley Karrie L. , Clark Gloria Frolek
Published: August 2020

Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s (AOTA’s) Evidence-Based Practice Project. This article presents a case example of a young child with autism spectrum disorder who receives occupational therapy evaluation and intervention in natural environments (home and child care center). Systematic review findings supporting enhancement of key life occupations through interventions to develop cognitive, motor, social–emotional, and self-care skills for young children were published in AOTA’s Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Early Childhood: Birth–5 Years (Frolek Clark & Kingsley, 2020) and the March/April 2020 issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (Gronski & Doherty, 2020; Kingsley et al., 2020; Tanner et al., 2020). Each article in the Evidence Connection series applies evidence from the published reviews on a topic to a related case. These articles are designed to promote application of the evidence to practice.
De enscenering van verzet tegen een wereldmaatschappij
Authors: Terpstra Marin
Published: August 2020

The mise en scène of resistance against a global society. An analysis of (a)symmetrical distinctions

The concept of oikophobia is often used as an answer and rebuttal to the accusation of xenophobia that is often raised against nationalist groups. Oikophobia denounces the image of nationalists as people who first and foremost hate what is foreign or the foreigner. They describe themselves, on the contrary, as having a strong attachment to their own culture and their opponents as having a fear of or aversion to their origin or (cultural) home. This game of asymmetrical descriptions is the subject of this contribution, which focuses on the logic of distinctions that lies behind this resistance to (hostile) images. What then also lights up is that the global polarization we see between nationalist and cosmopolitan movements also concerns the status of asymmetrical distinctions themselves. The nationalist resistance to world society can be interpreted as a resistance to the becoming symmetrical of existential distinctions, i.e. distinctions that create identity and belonging.
Verzet en rechten
Authors: Schoonheim Liesbeth
Published: August 2020

Resistance and Rights. Comparing Arendt, Foucault, and Young

The question if rights can be used in addressing gender-based oppression is at the center of recent debates in feminist theory. On the one hand, post-structuralist critiques have argued that differentiated rights, aimed at redressing injustices, reify the identity of oppressed groups (). On the other hand, proponents of differentiated rights have argued that these should be understood social-phenomenologically, as enabling social agents to counteract their oppression (Young 2011; ). This paper argues in favor for the latter position while taking seriously the concern with regard to social identity articulated by the former. I do so by comparing Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault on the relation between resistance and rights. Starting from the observation that Arendt and Foucault agree on the need for a new law that can curtail the destructive dynamics of late-modernity, I argue that their account of resistance ascribes great importance to rights. Discussing the two authors in turn, I focus on two parallel themes. Firstly, confronted with the fight against anti-Semitic persecution (Arendt) and the struggle against governmental techniques (Foucault), they invoke rights against the near-total domination by late-modern states. Secondly, reflecting on how freedom practices require relationships with others in which one can develop one’s individual uniqueness, they hint towards rights that consolidate these relationships, of which friendship is the paradigmatic example. In conclusion, I return to the feminist debate on differential rights to show how Young’s model of communicative democracy is influenced by and is an instance of the relational rights that can be found in Arendt and Foucault.
'in defence of liberty'?
Authors: Muhlen-Schulte Minna
Published: August 2020

After the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe in September 1939, emergency internment legislation passed by the Australian Federal Parliament  created a network of camp sites across Australia. What do these historic landscapes mean in Australia today and how can we interpret them? Some feature government-installed interpretation signs; others remain silent concrete ruins concealed within private farmland, unmoored from any context and living memory. These sites are connected to other Allied internment sites globally, and the journeys between these sites vividly rendered in artworks, diaries and letters left behind by internees as well as the isolated cemeteries where they were buried adrift between continents.
The 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung Earthquake
Authors: Alsford Niki J.P.
Published: August 2020

The history of natural disasters in Taiwan has frequently been linked to the practice of historical preservation, archival science, oral history, and museum curatorship. All are collectively hallmarks of a broad range of activities that fall under the umbrella of public history. The problem for Taiwan, however, concerns the legitimacy. Taiwan does not have a single national narrative. It has been subjected to waves of colonialism since the seventeenth century and does not presently have a fully post-colonial narrative. The earthquakes discussed in this paper occurred in two different periods of colonisation.  In order to situate the history of earthquakes into a public history discourse, the field of earthquake-based research in Taiwan has to incorporate different audiences and integrate into a much broader understanding. By this, I mean that the present regimental academic disciplines in Taiwan need to be cross disciplinary, especially since public history is by its very nature collaborative. It illuminates a shared authority over a much wider area. It needs to. It is my argument that it is in digital humanities that Taiwanese academics work best in collaboration. Efforts have been made to digitise the personal experiences of those involved in typhoon reconstruction efforts. A natural synergy, therefore, for the understanding of earthquakes, as public history, is to emphasise access and broad participation in the creation of knowledge. Digital humanities enables this. Attention to this is particularly important in historical preservation of particular sites on an island that frequently develops and re-develops brownfield sites.
Improving Cloud Type Classification of Ground-Based Images Using Region Covariance Descriptors
Authors: Tang Yuzhu , Yang Pinglv , Zhou Zeming , Chen Jianyu , Pan Delu , Zhao Xiaofeng
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Cloud types are important indicators of cloud characteristics and short-term weather forecasting. The meteorological researchers can benefit from the automatic cloud type recognition of massive images captured by the ground-based imagers. However, by far it is still of huge challenge to design a powerful discriminative classifier for cloud categorization. To tackle this difficulty, in this paper, we present an improved method with region covariance descriptors (RCovDs) and Riemannian Bag-of-Feature (BoF). RCovDs model the correlations among different dimensional features, that allows for a more discriminative representation. BoF is extended from Euclidean space to Riemannian manifold by k-Means clustering, in which Stein divergence is adopted as a similarity metric. The histogram feature is extracted by encoding RCovDs of the cloud image blocks with BoF-based codebook. The multi-class support vector machine (SVM) is utilized for the recognition of cloud types. The experiments on the ground-based cloud image datasets validate the proposed method and exhibit the competitive performance against state-of-the-art methods.
The response of annual minimum temperature on the eastern central Tibetan Plateau to large volcanic eruptions for the period 1380–2014 AD
Authors: Wang Yajun , Shao Xuemei , Zhang Yong , Li Mingqi
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions have a significant impact on global temperature; their consequences are of particular interest in regions that are especially sensitive to climate change, like the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we develop a temperature-sensitive tree-ring width standard chronology covering the period 1348–2014 AD using Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) samples collected from Animaqin Mountain on the Tibetan Plateau. We reconstruct the annual (prior August to current July) mean minimum temperature (Tmin) since 1380 AD and show that our reconstruction explains 58 % of the variance during the 1960–2014 calibration period. Our results demonstrate in 77.8 % of cases in which a volcanic eruption with a volcanic explosivity index of 5 or greater occurs, temperature decreases in the year of or the year following the eruption. The results of the Superposed Epoch Analysis also indicate that there is a high probability that the Tmin decreases within 2 years of a large volcanic eruption, especially when such eruptions occur in low latitudes.
The first record of Brentidae (Coleoptera) in Eocene Rovno amber with description of a new fossil species of Toxorhynchus Scudder, 1893
Authors: Bukejs Andris , Legalov Andrei A.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. A new pear-shaped weevil, Toxorhynchus europeoeocenicus Bukejs et Legalov, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Brentidae: Apioninae), is described from upper Eocene Rovno amber using X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT). The new fossil species differs from the extinct Toxorhynchus robustus Poinar et Legalov, 2015 (Dominican amber, lower Miocene) in the larger body size, narrower elytral striae, and wider pronotum. It is the first record of the family Brentidae in Rovno amber and the first record of the genus Toxorhynchus in the eastern hemisphere (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FB7B299-EE75-4556-B4EA-203A3CBED84C).
OPTICAL POLARIZED EFFECTS FOR QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Yan L. , Li Y. , Mortimer H. , Zhang R. , Peltoniemi J. , Liu X. , Zhang F.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Polarization is one of the four basic physical properties of solar radiation. After the solar radiation reaches the surface of these media, it reflects, scatters or refracts, and exhibits different degrees of polarization. We use Rayleigh scattering model to get the simulation results of the sky polarization field. We use polarized fisheye camera to collect the sky polarization image, and calculate the distribution pattern of DOLP (degree of linear polarization) and AOLP (azimuth of linear polarization) of the skylight. The stability and gradual change of the degree of polarization in the zenith direction are verified, and the distribution law and daily change law of the degree of polarization in the sky are obtained. With the increase of the solar altitude angle, the degree of polarization will decrease. We also observed the skylight polarization in different weather conditions.
Hydrological impacts of climate change on small ungauged catchments – results from a global climate model–regional climate model–hydrologic model chain
Authors: Tsegaw Aynalem T. , Pontoppidan Marie , Kristvik Erle , Alfredsen Knut , Muthanna Tone M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Climate change is one of the greatest threats currently facing the
world's environment. In Norway, a change in climate will strongly affect the
pattern, frequency, and magnitudes of stream flows. However, it is
challenging to quantify to what extent the change will affect the flow
patterns and floods from small rural catchments due to the unavailability
or inadequacy of hydro-meteorological data for the calibration of
hydrological models and due to the tailoring of methods to a small-scale level. To
provide meaningful climate impact studies at the level of small catchments,
it is therefore beneficial to use high-spatial- and high-temporal-resolution
climate projections as input to a high-resolution hydrological model. In
this study, we used such a model chain to assess the impacts of climate
change on the flow patterns and frequency of floods in small ungauged rural
catchments in western Norway. We used a new high-resolution regional climate
projection, with improved performance regarding the precipitation
distribution, and a regionalized hydrological model (distance distribution
dynamics) between a reference period (1981–2011) and a future period (2070–2100). The flow-duration curves for all study catchments show more wet periods in the future than during the reference period. The results also show that in the future period, the mean annual flow increases by 16 % to 33 %. The mean annual maximum floods increase by 29 % to 38 %, and floods of 2- to 200-year return periods increase by 16 % to 43 %. The results are based on the RCP8.5 scenario from a single climate model simulation tailored to the Bergen region in western Norway, and the results should be interpreted in this context. The results should therefore be seen in consideration of other scenarios for the region to address the
uncertainty. Nevertheless, the study increases our knowledge and understanding of the hydrological impacts of climate change on small
catchments in the Bergen area in the western part of Norway.
Spectral Characterization, Radiative Forcing, and Pigment Content
of Coastal Antarctic Snow Algae: Approaches to Spectrally
Discriminate Red and Green Communities and Their Impact on
Snowmelt
Authors: Khan Alia L. , Dierssen Heidi , Scambos Ted , Höfer Juan , Cordero Raul R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Here, we present radiative forcing (RF) estimates by snow algae in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) region from multi-year measurements of solar radiation and ground-based hyperspectral characterization of red and green snow algae collected during a brief field expedition in austral summer 2018. Our analysis includes pigment content from samples at three bloom sites. Algal biomass in the snow and albedo reduction are well-correlated across the visible spectrum. Relative to clean snow, visibly green-patches reduce snow albedo by ~ 40 % and red-patches by ~ 20 %. However, red communities absorb considerably more light per mg of pigment compared to green communities, particularly in green wavelengths. Based on our study results, it should be possible to differentiate red and green algae using Sentinel-2 bands in blue, green and red wavelengths. Instantaneous RF averages were double for green (180 W m−2) vs. red communities (88 W m−2), with a maximum of 228 W m−2. Based on multi-year solar radiation measurements at Palmer Station, this translated to a mean daily RF of ~ 26 W m−2 (green) and ~ 13 W m−2 (red) during peak growing season – on par with mid-latitude dust attributions capable of advancing snowmelt. This results in ~ 2522 m3 of snow melted by green-colored-algae and ~ 1218 m3 of snow melted by red-colored-algae annually over the summer, suggesting snow algae play a significant role in snowmelt in the AP regions where they occur. We suggest impacts of RF by snow algae on snowmelt be accounted for in future estimates of Antarctic ice-free expansion in the AP region.
When nature meets the divine: effect of prohibition regimes on the structure and tree species composition of sacred forests in northern Greece
Authors: Marini Govigli Valentino , Healey John R. , Wong Jennifer L. G. , Stara Kalliopi , Tsiakiris Rigas , Halley John M.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Sacred forests are an integral component of the mountainous
cultural landscape of northern Greece, hypothesized to be the result of both
ecological processes and site-specific forest management regimes through
strict religious prohibition. These practices acted as constraints on
natural forest development by suppressing understory growth, while
prohibition of woodcutting has preserved large trees. The aim of this study
was to investigate the relative effects of physical site environment and
management regimes on the structure and composition of woody plant groups in
six such forests. Species rank–abundance curves, dissimilarity indices and
cluster analyses were used to assess variation within and amongst the woody
plant groups of the sites. Species abundance was found to be highly variable
amongst the sites, with notable variation between canopy and understory
layers indicating dynamic change in floristics and structure. Cluster
analysis revealed four main woody plant groups statistically associated with
environmental variables (aspect) and forest management (different forest
prohibition regimes, and presence or absence of infrastructure). Our results
indicate that tree composition is significantly associated with different
prohibition regimes linked to the forests' sacred status, as well as the
inherent environmental variation amongst sites. Exploring further the
role of traditional management systems in shaping sacred forest structure
is a relevant research path for designing effective conservation practices
tailored to sacred natural sites facing cultural abandonment.
Innovative Methods in Language Disciplines During Profile Training Implementation
Authors: Yuzkiv Halyna I. , Ivanenko Iryna M. , Marchenko Nataliia V. , Kosharna Natalia V. , Medvid Natalia S.
Published: August 2020

The advanced pedagogical experience testifies to the presence of a number of methods in the practice of teaching language disciplines used by teachers during profile training at school or other educational institutions. With the development of modern information technologies, the role of traditional methods of studying language disciplines in the educational process is changing to the advantage of more innovative (interactive) methods of studying language disciplines. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of the application of innovative methods in language disciplines during profile training implementation. To achieve the purpose specified, an academic paper uses a number of general scientific (method of theoretical analysis, method of observation, method of description and method of synthesis) and empirical (experimental method, modeling method and calculation method) research methods. The practical reflection of the state and dynamics of mastering language disciplines during profile training is demonstrated through: the efficiency level of the applied innovative methods of studying language disciplines; the dynamics of the average number of students, involved in studying foreign language per student at the level of higher secondary education; rating of the countries of European Union and Ukraine on English proficiency according to the Global rating of countries and regions; provisions of New Ukrainian School Concept. It has been established that in the countries of European Union the practice of studying language disciplines is based on the translation method, the method of meaningful and language integrated learning, the methods of using digital technologies and the method of using creative objects. The study has revealed that such countries of European Union, as Luxembourg, Romania and Finland have significantly high levels of foreign language proficiency; however, such levels of language command are significantly low in Greece, Denmark, Spain, Germany and Portugal. It has been established that Ukraine is classified as a country with a low level of English language command (proficiency) in the Global Ranking of Countries and Regions (according to data of 2019, 2017 and 2016) and a moderate level of English language proficiency (according to data of 2018 and 2015). The following types of innovative methods, currently used by teachers in language disciplines during profile training, have been summarized, namely: the use of information and computer technology in the process of language learning; the use of developmental methods in the form of dialogue, discussion, seminar or brainstorming; construction of the educational process in the form of a game, project, team game; introduction of creative and interactive tasks into the educational process.
Pedagogical Conditions for the Development of Self-Educational Competence of Future Specialists in the Study of Professional Subjects
Authors: Byhar Hanna P. , Zvozdetska Valentyna H. , Prokop Inna S. , Pits Iryna I. , Hordiichuk Oksana Ye.
Published: August 2020

The content of the categories “self-education”, “self-educational competence” is analysed. The need for the development of self-educational competence of future specialists in the process of studying professional subjects is actualized. The pedagogical conditions for the formation of self-educational competence of future specialists in the study of professional subjects are determined. Such factors include: motivational and value attitude of future specialists to independent learning and cognitive activities in the process of professional training; ensuring the relationship of all areas of professional training of future specialists (theoretical, methodological, practical), which involves the formation of self-educational competence; development and implementation of educational and methodological support for the development of self-educational competence of students; the use of interactive technologies in teaching professional subjects to build educational dialogue. An experimental verification of the effectiveness of implementation of certain pedagogical conditions. For this purpose, a pedagogical experiment was organized. The conclusion that students of control and experimental groups have significant differences due not to random factors, but to a certain natural reason - conducting research and experimental work on the implementation of pedagogical conditions for the development of self-educational competence of future specialists in the study of professional subjects. Statistical analysis of indicators of transition of students to a higher level of self-educational competence shows that the process of formation of self-educational competence in students of the experimental group is more effective than in students of the control one.
Modern Methods of Training Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Chernysh Valentyna V. , Vaseiko Yuliia , Kaplinskіy Vasily , Tkachenko Liudmyla , Bereziuk Julia
Published: August 2020

Transformational trends of the modern social and political-economic space determine the modernization of the educational sphere, in particular, the system and methods of teaching highly skilled foreign language teachers. Deficiencies in existing technologies for development professional skills, the lack of innovative, modernized techniques for training competitive teachers, as well as the need to improve the quality of teaching staff in some European countries require adjustment of methodological support for training of narrow-focused teachers; forasmuch as professional development and the competence level of  teachers directly affect the formation of socially-oriented, multifunctional educational systems in different countries of the world and determines the relevance of the issues proposed for the investigation. The purpose of writing an academic paper is to analyze modern methods of organizing the educational process of foreign language teachers and determining the basic factors that have a decisive influence on the level of pedagogical competence. The following research methods have been used during the writing of the research article, namely: comparison, system-structural research, statistical-analytical, tabular, graphical methods, analytical modeling, as well as methods of abstraction, analysis and generalization. As a result of generalization of modern teaching methods in European countries, it has been determined that general education practice involves the use of formal, non-formal and informal methods of training foreign language teachers. The non-formal and informal methods are the most effective of them, forasmuch as they are connected with the high level of the educational process’s coherence, professional activities and the practical aspect of applying the acquired knowledge. The practice of using non-formal technologies to improve pedagogical competence and qualification of foreign language teachers has become widely used in most European countries. A thorough analysis of non-formal education in Europe has determined that the most accessible is a multi-sensory approach to training that takes into account various aspects of language education and does not require significant financial support.
POLITICAL UNDERTONE OF THE NEW ICOM
MUSEUM DEFINITION, OR MANEUVERING
A TRANSATLANTIC AMONG ICEBERGS
Authors: Lorenc Magdalena
Published: August 2020

The museum definition is of systemic importance
for ICOM, since it demarcates the area of activity of this
international non-governmental organization grouping
museum curators. The answer to the question whether the
new museum definition presented at the ICOM General
Conference in Kyoto on 1–7 September 2019 reveal a political
undertone is sought. The majority of the attendees did not
support the put-forth proposal, opting to postpone the vote
on its acceptance. What I mean by the ‘political undertone of
the new museum definition’ is that the definiens takes into
account the fact that museums are institutions tangled up
in exerting power and applying symbolic violence. According
to the Kyoto definition museums are identified with critical
museums, treated as space for public debate directed at
the future. This vision did not convince the majority, since
it excluded many institutions until now regarded to be
museums from the museum category. As such, the Kyoto
definition turned out not to be a definition, but a political
manifesto of a group of museum curators. Additionally, not
being coherent, it proved useless for phrasing legislative acts.
Lærergrupper på Facebook I
Authors: Tandberg Håkon Naasen , Aukland Knut
Published: August 2020

I to sammenhengende artikler introduserer vi lærergrupper på Facebook som et nytt forskningsfelt i norsk kontekst. Vår studie undersøker RLE-lærergruppa, en Facebook-gruppe opprettet i 2015 av og for religionslærere. Gruppen har per januar 2020 over 2 800 medlemmer. Vi har samlet inn data på innhold og aktivitet i gruppen over en ettårsperiode fra 2018 til 2019 og kombinert en kvalitativ og kvantitativ koding av alle postene, samt hvem som poster. Denne første artikkelen kartlegger medlemsmassen og innholdet i RLE-lærergruppa og analyserer dette i lys av tidligere forskning på sammenlignbare Facebook-grupper. Et sentralt funn er at gruppen fungerer som en arena for uformell, ikke-hierarkisk og brukerstyrt profesjonsfaglig utvikling ved at den setter religionslærere i kontakt med kollegaer, lærerutdannere, og andre aktører i feltet. Kommunikasjonen i gruppen har undervisningstips og ressurser med direkte relevans for klasserommet som hovedfokus, men tilbyr også faglige oppdateringer.

Nøkkelord: Facebook, lærergrupper på Facebook, Facebook-grupper, RLE-lærergruppa, religionslæreren, profesjonsfaglig utvikling.[1]

[1] Takk til Geir Skeie og Ida Naasen Tandberg for konstruktiv tilbakemelding på ulike stadier av arbeidet med denne artikkelen.
Bokmeldinger
Authors: Iversen Lars Laird , Sødal Helje Kringlebotn , Hirsch Asbjørn
Published: August 2020

Anmeldelse av:

Mike Castelli & Mark Chater (red.) We need to talk about religious education

Njål Skrunes, Gunhild Hagesæther og Bjarne Kvam (red.): Kristne grunnskoler. Begrunnelse – innhold – handlingsrom

Edvard Befring, Kari-Anne B. Næss og Reidun Tangen (red.). Spesialpedagogikk.
The Comparison of the Effects of Multimedia Tools and Traditional Methods on Neurosurgery Learning
Authors: Merajikhah Amir Mohammad , Imani Behzad , Nowruzi Nahid
Published: August 2020

Background: Educational multimedia software as a student-oriented educational tool provides an optimal educational condition, which allows students to view surgical videos and photographs and fill the gap between theoretical and practical training. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of multimedia tools and traditional methods on the neuroscience learning of the undergraduate students of surgical technology in Hamedan, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental, interventional study was conducted on 32 undergraduate students of four surgical technology courses, who were selected via convenience sampling. Neurosurgery sessions were divided into two parts, including traditional and multimedia-based education, which were used to teach the multimedia software in the field of neurosurgical topics (movies, photographs, and atlases). The learning of the students was measured by a written test. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 using t-test, and paired t-test was also used to compare the differences between the traditional and multimedia education. Results: The multimedia education was more effective compared to the traditional method of learning in neurosurgery education (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, multimedia education could be used as a new and effective educational method in operating surgical technology and training.
Light Path
Authors: Smith Russell ,   Zeta Books
Published: August 2020

This paper focuses on the mathematisation of mechanics in the seventeenth century, specifically on how the representation of compounded rectilinear motions presented in the ancient Greek Mechanica found its way into Newton’s Principia almost two thousand years later. I aim to show that the path from the former to the latter was optical: the conceptualisation of geometrical lines as paths of reflection created a physical interpretation of dia­grammatic principles of geometrical point-motion, involving the kinematics and dynamics of light reflection. Upon the atomistic conception of light, the optical interpretation of such geometrical principles entailed their mechanical generalisation to local motion; rectilinear motion via the physico-mathemat­ics of reflection and the Mechanica’s parallelogram rule; circular motion via the physico-mathematics of reflection, the Archimedean squaring of the circle and the Mechanica’s extension of the parallelogram rule to centripetal motion. This appeal to the physico-mathematics of reflection forged a realist founda­tion for the mathematisation of motion. Whereas Aristotle’s physics rested on motions which had their source in the nature of the elements, early modern thinkers such as Harriot, Descartes, and Newton based their new principles of mechanical motion upon selected elements of the mechanics of light motion, projected upon the geometry of the parallelogram rule for rectilinear and, ultimately, circular motion.
Ciência e marketing: discussão sobre conhecimento produzido e bases paradigmáticas estabelecidas
Authors: Silva Marianny Jessica de Brito , Silva Bianca Gabriely Ferreira
Published: August 2020

De acordo com as discussões acerca do fazer científico e as metodologias mais utilizadas e tidas como mais adequadas às áreas de conhecimento, visualizamos estudos da disciplina de marketing. Buscamos analisar que tipo de conhecimento vem sendo produzido nesta disciplina, vislumbrando qual finalidade, quais são as áreas envolvidas, de que modo este conhecimento é desenvolvido e quais metodologias são utilizadas. Para tal, analisamos os artigos no escopo de marketing que foram aceitos e publicados pelo periódico RAC – Revista de Administração Contemporânea, no período de cinco anos (2014 a 2018). A partir disto, buscamos contribuir acerca da reflexão sobre o conhecimento científico desenvolvido na área em questão. Realizamos uma coleta bibliográfica na qual foram levantados 28 artigos que apresentaram temáticas diversas da disciplina. A análise dos artigos foi feita a partir de uma abordagem mista, utilizando elementos quantitativos (bibliometria) e qualitativos, para compreensão e discussão sobre o conhecimento em marketing a partir da reflexão crítica hermenêutica proposta por Santos (1989). Como principais achados da pesquisa, foi possível identificar que a maioria dos autores trabalha através de colaboração com outros, havendo poucos estudos desenvolvidos por apenas um autor. Do mesmo modo, também parece não haver um grupo de autores que publica com frequência nesta área na revista. Foi percebido também que há uma hegemonia de estudos no subcampo de Comportamento do Consumidor e que esses estudos, em sua maioria, não se voltam para impactar diretamente a vida das pessoas às quais estão relacionados, apresentando resultados de ótica gerencial. Apesar das discussões acerca da metodologia mais adequada, ainda prevalece uma hegemonia na utilização de métodos quantitativos, sendo esta metodologia utilizada por 17 artigos, o que suscita que ainda pode haver preferência de métodos quantificáveis em detrimento de outros mais subjetivos. Muitos dos achados dos estudos em questão são voltados especificamente para o próprio campo acadêmico, para o fortalecimento de teorias, hipóteses e testes e em outra esfera, trazem possíveis resultados que vêm a auxiliar diretamente decisões organizacionais. Reforça-se que artigo busca contribuir com a percepção da necessidade de um conhecimento científico mais próximo da sociedade e de uma comunidade científica disposta ao diálogo, tendo a consciência da importância de outras formas de saberes para o desenvolvimento de um conhecimento prudente e que emancipa. O marketing, em especial, com suas pesquisas de macromarketing e de comportamento do consumidor, tem o poder de fazer do conhecimento produzido uma ponte para possíveis melhorias na sociedade.
Formation of representations on rationality in the antique political philosophy
Authors: Lomakina Natalya Borisovna
Published: August 2020

This article examines the formation of representations on rationality from the perspective of political and administerial views the philosophers of Antiquity. The author describes the conception of rational thinking back in the Ancient Greece, analyzes the factors and prerequisites, cites fundamental terms and concepts, as well as explicates rationalistic views of ancient philosophers who addressed political and administerial topics in their works. Rationality is viewed as a phenomenon. The existing types of rationality are listed. Attention is given to description of the environment that affected the formation of rationalistic approach due to its strong impact upon further development of thinking. The author notes the influence of education in Antiquity as a cultural phenomenon on the development of language, definitions, concepts, and scientific-theoretical thinking as a conceptual activity. The conclusion is made that having emerged in Antiquity, rationality is still the most adequate means of cognizing the world, including the questions of power and administration. Philosophical grounds of rationality, rooted in Antiquity, became a solid foundation for European rationalism. Awarding reason with a “title” of most adequate instrument of cognition allowed the philosophers to formulate categories and concepts for objective understanding of the world, translate thinking into the platitude of abstract concepts. Rational thinking received due development within political philosophy by making the ability to sound reasoning and reasonable decisions the core virtue of a politician. Rationality still holds an important place within political philosophy and philosophy of management, being of the most discussed and relevant topics.
Time-Restricted Feeding and Potential for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lustig Elijah , Shubrook Jay H. , Pfotenhauer Kim M.
Published: August 2020

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an increasingly popular strategy for weight loss and improved metabolic health. IF regimes involve deliberate implementation of fasting windows ranging from 12 to 72 hours. During these fasting windows, individuals reduce their caloric intake by 75% to 100%. Such strategies show promise and are increasingly socially popular, but many effects are not completely understood. Specifically, the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF), a specific form of IF in which participants undergo daily fasting periods lasting about 16 hours, is among the most popular yet under-studied regimens. This review finds that TRF may produce mild weight loss and improved function of insulin. TRF also likely produces cardiovascular effects, such as decreased blood pressure and fasting blood triglycerides. TRF, like other forms of IF, may encourage fat loss specifically when combined with exercise. The manuscripts identified in this narrative literature review were analyzed for the potential benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and limitations of summarized content were noted. While these studies support some suspected benefits of TRF, they also legitimize the need for future TRF studies, since conclusions are greatly limited by a paucity of evidence.
Anatomy and clinical relevance of sub occipital soft tissue connections with the dura mater in the upper cervical spine
Authors: Sillevis Rob , Hogg Russell
Published: August 2020

Background

The upper cervical region is a complex anatomical structure. Myodural bridges between posterior suboccipital muscles and the dura might be important explaining conditions associated with the upper cervical spine dysfunction such as cervicogenic headache. This cadaver study explored the upper cervical spine and evaluated the myodural bridges along with position of spinal cord in response to passive motion of upper cervical spine.

Methods

A total of seven adult cadavers were used in this exploratory study. The suboccipital muscles and nuchal ligament were exposed. Connections between the Rectus Capitis Posterior major/minor and the Obliquus Capitis minor, the nuchal ligament, posterior aspect of the cervical spine, flavum ligament and the dura were explored and confirmed with histology. The position of the spinal cord was evaluated with passive motions of the upper cervical spine.

Outcomes

In all cadavers connective tissues attaching the Rectus Capitis Posterior Major to the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane were identified. In the sagittal dissection we observed connection between the nuchal ligament and the dura. Histology revealed that the connection is collagenous in nature. The spinal cord moves within the spinal canal during passive movement.

Discussion

The presence of tissue connections between ligament, bone and muscles in the suboccipital region was confirmed. The nuchal ligament was continuous with the menigiovertebral ligament and the dura. Passive upper cervical motion results in spinal cord motion within the canal and possible tensioning of nerve and ligamentous connections.
A estratégia top-down da política pública de agricultura familiar na Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Monteiro Marcelino Armindo , Bidarra Zelimar Soares , Piffer Moacir
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, no âmbito teórico, os resultados do Projeto de Apoio à Segurança Alimentar (PASA) nas regiões onde atua (Biombo, Gabu e Tombali) na sua primeira fase, nos períodos de 2010-2015, na República da Guiné-Bissau, África Ocidental. Sua construção baseou-se nas informações oriundas dos relatórios anuais das atividades do PASA e a metodologia aplicada foi a de estudo qualitativo exploratório, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Das atividades planejadas na primeira fase do PASA, foram implementadas as seguintes: a recuperação dos campos de produção de arroz de mangrove e de várzeas que anteriormente foram afetadas pela salinidade; oportunidade de fornecimento de crédito; formação técnica dos gestores das associações; e o alto incremento da produção de arroz. A análise evidencia que a política pública implementada foi efetivada como top-down, e que o PASA, pelos seus moldes, igualmente goza destas características, pois as ações são pensadas e implementadas por consultores contratados pelo financiador, a União Econômica e Monetária da África Ocidental, e pelo governo da Guiné-Bissau, sem espaço para uma participação mais efetiva da parte local das três regiões beneficiadas.
Quality Evaluation of Cookies Produced from Wheat, Sorghum and Defatted Coconut Flour Blends
Authors: Alebiosu Mustapha O. , Akinbode Badiu A. , Oni Iyanuoluwa S. , Oladele John O.
Published: August 2020

The use of wheat, sorghum and defatted coconut flour blends in the production of whole meal cookies was investigated with the aim of encouraging the use of sorghum and coconut flour in producing value-added products. Enriched cookies were produced from the blends of wheat flour (WF) and sorghum flour (SF) in varying proportions of 100:0, 90:5, 85:10, 80:15, 75:20, 70:25, 65:30, 60:35 with 5% of defatted coconut flour (CF) added to each sample and were labelled AMUS, BMUS, CMUS, DMUS, EMUS, FMUS, GMUS, HMUS respectively. Cookies with 100% wheat flour (AMUS) served as a reference sample. The proximate, physical, mineral and sensory properties of the cookies samples were examined using standard laboratory procedures. The proximate results of the cookies showed that protein, ash, fat, crudefibre, moisture and Carbohydrate ranged from (9.18–12.25%), (0.88–1.15%), (9.59–11.19%), (2.77–3.74%), (7.10–10.89%) and (64.20–66.71%) respectively. The physical characteristics of the cookies; weight (9.69–18.20 g), diameter (272.0–333.0 mm), thickness (7.72–11.40 mm), spread ratio (23.87–41.09) differed significantly (p < 0.05). However, the sensory results showed that the cookies varied in colour (6.85–7.80), taste (6.90–8.15), aroma (7.10–7.75), crispness (6.65–7.75) and overall acceptability (7.25–8.45). The reference sample had the highest sensory scores for all the attributes except for aroma and crispiness, while cookies with 15% sorghum flour (SF) and 5% defatted coconut flour (CF) incorporation had highest score for crispness and 30% sorghum had highest score for aroma respectively. Based on the parameters evaluated 15% sorghum flour and 5% defatted coconut flour incorporation could be utilized for cookies production owing to its baking potential abilities. However, the high protein, ash and fibre contents of the cookies made with sorghum and defatted coconut flour substitution is very important as this could make a great contribution to the nutrient intake by consumers.