bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increase Banana Production with Various Applications of Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Sunarta I Nyoman , Trigunasih Ni Made
Published: August 2017

Banana is a fruit that must be present in every activity of the Balinese people. Almost in every cultural and religious activity it is compulsory to present the banana fruit, even more Bali as a tourism area really need fruits including bananas. Therefore the need of bananas is highly demanded in traditional markets or supermarkets in Bali. Until now, the banana production in Bali is far below demand, therefore we still import form places outside of Bali. Banana has a high nutrient value due to nutrients found in it such as potassium and folic acid that is needed by the body. It is also a good so urce of calcium, phosphor, nitrogen, and vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and B complexes which helps to repair and regenerate tissues of the body. Banana plants can grow in many places, from low grounds until highlands and in various types of soil. Nevertheless for the optimal growth; fertile soil, crumbly thick, lots of humus, aeration, and a good drainage as well as enough water is all needed. By optimizing land use, banana plants are often planted as a sideline plant for plantatio n of coconut, cocoa, and coffee, as well as sideline plants for many other in-between plantations. The way of planting the banana is a conventional method that is commonly used by local farmers including those in the Angkah village. For growth of banana plants we must consider and ensure before planting a crumbly soil when it is solid, to make drainage, and to make levels in slopes. During plantation organic/compost fertilizers is needed as much as 15-20 kg for each hole for plantation. Organic fertilizers that are added influences the good production for both quantity and quality which makes the fruit tastier and has a higher nutritional value. There are some types of organic fertilizers that are used in this research that are: cow waste organic fertilizer, chicken waste organic fertilizer, pig waste organic fertilizer, goat waste organic fertilizer, and compost fertilizer with a dosage of 15 kg per plant. The placement of fertilizers for each places of treatment is conducted b y using a Random Group Design (RGD). The total treatments are 6 and are repeated 3 times. Planting is conduct ed on the 7th of July 2016 with a ground hole size of 60cmx60cm and a depth of 50 cm. The seedlings that are used are decedents that are 50-65cm in height. The specific aim that is wished to be achieved is the increase production of banana as sustainable food in Indonesia. The result up to the progress of this research was found that treatment with chicken waste fertilizer has given the best influence for growth of the banana plant, increased number of leaves, as well as increased height of the plants, all compared to the controlled. The increment of banana plant with chicken waste fertilizer was 63.33 cm for 3 months.Keywords: Banana, Nutritional Values, Production, Organic Fertilizer
Marine Biota and Biodiversity: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective
Authors: Dharmawan Ni Ketut Supasti , Sarjana Made
Published: August 2017

Protection and conservation of marine biodiversity and their utilization based on sustainable environment, balance, and fairness play an important role in the context of sustainable tourism. The importance of protecting the availability of a healthy environment, which not only focuses on the present, but also a sustainable environment for future generations, is regulated under several provisions such as: Law of the Republic of  Indonesia Number 27 Year 2007 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small  Islands, Law No. 32 of 2009 on the Environmental Protection and Management, Law No. 10 Year 2009 on Tourism, Law No. 5 Year 1990 on the Conservation of Biological Diversity and Ecosystems,  the UN WTO Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, and the Convention on Biological Diversity. In order to protect and conserve marine biodiversity, it is considered relevant to use deep ecology approach in realizing the presence of marine biota and sustainable biodiversity for the entire ecosystem of life, including human life ecosystems in the development of tourism activities. States and all stakeholders have responsibility for the protection and conservation of biodiversity, including sustainable development of marine biota and its diversity for tourism activities.Keywords: Biodiversity, Protection, Conservation, Responsibility, Sustainable Tourism
Population Control of Viruses Insect Vectors in Chili with Plastic Mulch
Authors: Yuliadhi K.A. , Phabiola T.A. , Siadi K.
Published: August 2017

The incidence of diseases caused by pathogenic viruses in chili is still a major problem in reducing the production of chili in Indonesia. Most agricultural crops are hosts for one or more types of plant viruses, so the viru s continued to be a problem in the tropics. Virus is passive, requires intermediaries vector to be transmitted to other plants. The goal of this research was to develop control strategies for aphids that act as a viral vector and pest chili plants using plastic mulch. Control design that was developed in this study based on the habits of local farmers, using plastic mulch with two colors, black and silver. Mulching is done to dispel the arrival aphids into the chili crop, at the same time preventing the emergence of weeds that act as alternative hosts of the virus. The use of silver plastic mulch to control vector viral populations was better compared to black plastic mulch during  chili planting. The use of silver plastic mulch can improve yields of chili crops.Keywords: Aphid, whiteflies, Chili chili, virus
ANALISA TINGKAT BAHAYA DAN KERENTANAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI WILAYAH NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR (NTT)
Authors: Rysnawati Ni Made , Sukarasa I Ketut , Alit Paramarta Ida Bagus
Published: August 2017

East Nusa Tenggara is a region in Indonesia which included in the category of hazard prone to earthquakes, because it is flanked by two earthquakes zones, (subduction zone at the south and back arc trust in the north). It is also vulnerable to earthquake disasters because of high population density. These conditions would threaten the safety of lives and property of the population, so it needs to be research to analyze the level of earthquake hazard and vulnerability in East Nusa Tenggara. For identification of the level of hazard and the vulnerability of the earthquake in this study using two factors: the danger factor with indicator Peak Ground Acceleration, vulnerability factors with indicators of population density districts in East Nusa Tenggara. The calculation of the value of PGA use attenuation function of Fukushima and Tanaka. From the calculation of the data obtained that has a very high earthquake hazard is in Ende and Alor district, while the district has a very high risk of vulnerability is in Sikka, Sumba Barat Daya and Sabu Raijua.
ISOLASI SENYAWA TURUNAN NAPTOKUINON DARI KULIT BATANG FALOAK (Sterculia quadrifida R.BR) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKANKER PADA SEL KANKER PAYUDARA JENIS T47D
Authors: Rollando Rollando , Alfanaar Rokiy
Published: August 2017

ABSTRAK: Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) digunakan secara empiris oleh penduduk Nusa Tenggara Timur untuk mengobati hepatitis, tifus, maag, dan pemulih stamina. Informasi senyawa aktif yang terkandung didalam kulit faloak secara spesifik belum dipublikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terdapat didalam kulit faloak sebagai antikanker. Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi, isolasi menggunakan metode isolasi bertingkat, elusidasi menggunakan penggabungan informasi dari spektra IR, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR dan LC-MS, dan uji aktivitas antikanker pada sel kanker payudara T47D menggunakan metode MTT. Hasil isolasi diperoleh isolat turunan senyawa naptokuinon yaitu 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione yang aktif sebagai antikanker dengan nilai IC50 pada sel kanker payudara sebesar 9,88 µg/mL dan dengan nilai selektivitas indeks sebesar 30,23.

 

 

ABSTRACT: Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is used empirically by residents of East Nusa Tenggara to treat hepatitis, typhoid, ulcers, and stamina restorers. The information of the active compounds contained in the faloak skin is not specifically published. This study aims to determine the active compounds contained in the bark of faloak as anticancer. The extraction was conducted with maceration method followed by a multilevel isolation method. The elucidation was carried out using information of IR spectra, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and LC-MS. The anticancer activity test on T47D breast cancer cells was also conducted using MTT method. Based on the results obtained, the active compound is naphthoquinone derivative compound which is 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-2-methylenenaphtho [1,2-b] furan-4,5-dione that has anticancer activity on breast cancer cell (T47D) with IC50 value of 9.88 µg/mL and index selectivity value of 30.23.
REDUKSI KOMPONEN TOKSIK DARI LIMBAH CAIR GARMEN MENGGUNAKAN BIO-ANORGANIK-SORBEN ARANG TULANG
Authors: Dwi Adhi S Ni Gusti Ayu Made , Simpen I Nengah , Putra Anak Agung Bawa
Published: August 2017

ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kemampuan adsorpsi arang tulang sapi teraktivasi NaOH 0,4 M untuk menurunkan (reduksi) karakteristik tingkat kekeruhan, COD (chemical oxygen demand), kandungan Cr dan Pb dari limbah garmen yang dibandingkan dengan tanpa aktivasi. Kemampuan adsorpsi arang tulang tanpa dan teraktivasi (bio-anorganik-sorben) terhadap karakteristik limbah tersebut dikaitkan dengan karakterisasi (keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs aktif, gugus fungsi dan luas permukaan spesifik) serta waktu dan volume interaksi optimum. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa aktivasi arang tulang dengan larutan NaOH 0,4 M dapat meningkatkan karakteristiknya (keasaman permukaan, jumlah situs aktif, intensitas gugus fungsi O-H dan luas permukaan spesifik) dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa aktivasi. Aktivasi NaOH pada arang tulang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan adsorpsi dalam menurunkan tingkat kekeruhan, COD, dan kandungan Cr dan Pb dari sampel limbah cair garmen dibandingkan dengan kemampuan arang tanpa aktivasi. Waktu interaksi optimum yang diperlukan dalam menurunkan karakteristik tingkat kekeruhan dan COD adalah 90 menit, dengan volume interaksi optimum 20 mL.

 

ABSTRACT: The aim of this reseach was to study the adsorption ability of cow bone charcoal activated with 0.4 M NaOH to reduce the turbidity level, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), the Pb and Cr content of garment waste water and to compare with the non-activated ones. The adsorption ability of both activated and non-activated bone charcoal (bio-inorganic-sorbent) was related to their characteristics which are the surface acidity, the active sites, the fuction groups, the specific surface area, the volume and time optimum interaction as well. The result showed that activation can increase the surface acidity, the active sites, the O-H fuction groups intensity and the specific surface area compared with non-activated ones. The activated charcoal significantly reduced the COD and the turbidity level, the Pb and Cr content of garment waste water comparing with the non-activated ones. Time contact optimum to reduce its characteristics is 90 minutes and volume interaction optimum is 20 mL.
COVIMOS: A Coastal Video Monitoring System
Authors: Widyantara I Made Oka , Putra I Made Dwi Asana , Adnyana Ida Bagus Putu
Published: August 2017

This paper intends to explain the development of Coastal Video Monitoring System (CoViMoS) with the main characteristics including low-cost and easy implementation. CoViMoS characteristics have been realized using the device IP camera for video image acquisition, and development of software applications with the main features including detection of shoreline and it changes are automatically. This capability was based on segmentation and classification techniques based on data mining. Detection of shoreline is done by segmenting a video image of the beach, to get a cluster of objects, namely land, sea and sky, using Self Organizing Map (SOM) algorithms. The mechanism of classification is done using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms to provide the class labels to objects that have been generated on the segmentation process. Furthermore, the classification of land used as a reference object in the detection of costline. Implementation CoViMoS system for monitoring systems in Cucukan Beach, Gianyar regency, have shown that the developed system is able to detect the shoreline and its changes automatically.
Sistem peradilan adat dalam kesatuan-kesatuan masyarakat hukum adat desa pakraman di Bali
Authors: Sudantra I Ketut , Putra Astiti Tjok Istri , Dharma Laksana I Gusti Ngurah
Published: August 2017

This article aims to reveal the existence of customary court system on the customary law society entities of desa pakraman in Bali, both related to its institutional aspect, the kind of law its judgement was based, its authority or competency, and its work mechanism on reality. The study begins with revealing the normative aspect of customary court system according to applied regulation (awig-awig), which then empirically confirmed to affirm and explain the customary court system that lives on reality. Study’s result shows that customary court is an empiric fact that trully practiced on customary law society entities of desa pakraman in Bali. The institution that executing function in desa pakraman (Kertha Desa) is customary chiefs (prajuru) together with other village institution elements in desa pakraman (paduluan, kepala dusun/kepala desa). They execute court procession based on customary law and have authority to judge all case submitted to them, both in form of dispute or violation of regulation. Customary court settle every case submitted through a deliberation mechanism in a meeting named Paruman Prajuru
Revisiting Reuter: Symbolic and material economies in Bali aga society
Authors: Cuthbert Alexander R. , Suartika G.A.M.
Published: August 2017

The objective of this paper is to analyse Thomas Reuter’s seminal text The Custodians of the Sacred Mountains and to discuss some of the theoretical and other issues that flow from the reading. Indirectly it is also intended to assist many local scholars who find the text somewhat impenetrable, let alone making connections to its extensive implications. The book is the second study to emerge that covers the regional basis for the Bali Aga, the first being that of Wälty (1997). The text is one of a kind - erudite, complex and intellectually challenging. The paper begins with historical interventions since the status economy of Bali Aga is wholly dependent on a mythical past. Next, the use of theory, focussing on anthropology and Bali studies is discussed to place Reuter’s work in context. Then his basic concepts are analysed, those of precedence, status, and representation. Subsequently, we focus on place and space since geography is a defining feature of Bali Aga. Finally the mental (symbolic) and material (political economy) dimensions are contrasted with the observation that omission of any consideration of the latter weakens an otherwise seminal work.
Distribusi Difference dari S-Box Berbasis Fungsi Balikan Pada GF(28)
Authors: Lestari Andriani Adi , Yulianingsih Nunik
Published: August 2017

Substitution-box (s-box) is a basic component of block cipher which performs a substitution. Two powerful cryptanalysis techniques applied to block ciphers are linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The resistance against differential cryptanalysis can be achieved by eliminating high-probability differential trails. We should choose an s-box where the maximum difference propagation probability is as small as possible to eliminating high-probability differential trails. Nyberg proposed a method to construct the s-box by using the inverse mapping on a finite field then implements affine transformations on . In this study, we generate 47.104 s-box according to Nyberg. The experimental results showed that s-boxes have the maximum difference propagation probability with the same frequency.
Aplikasi Himpunan Julia dalam Membuat Rancangan Motif Fraktal Songket Palembang
Authors: Susanti Eka
Published: August 2017

Songket is one of the Indonesian arts and culture into community characteristics Palembang. Palembang songket motifs influenced by Islamic culture, in general, Palembang songket motifs shaped flowers. In this paper are given motif fractal Palembang songket motifs Sadum Tumpal Ulos. This motif is formed from the set of Julia with , with z = a + ib and n = 5.5;  n = 6 and n = z.
KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH PROVINSI BALI DALAM PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK PROGRESIF
Authors: Prayoga Ida Bagus
Published: August 2017

Motor vehicle tax is one source of revenue that give considerable contribution to the financing of government and regional development in bali Province. The imposition of a progressive tax rate on motor vehicles in Bali is the authorization from the Bali Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2011. Own  motor vehicle tax is one type of provincial tax provided for in Law No 28 of 2009. The purpose of this paper  was to find out more about the  Motor Vehicle Tax in Bali. The issue in this study is how the rates charged in the collection of  Motor Vehicle Tax is charged at progressive field and how the reality of the new policy of the Government of Bali Province, whether the policy is the imposition of progressive tax rates are in accordance with the principles of taxation. Pajak kendaraan bermotor merupakan salah satu sumber pendapatan yang memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar untuk pembiayaan pemerintah dan pembangunan daerah di  Provinsi Bali. Pengenaan tarif pajak progresif kendaraan bermotor di Bali adalah wewenang yang diperoleh dari Peraturan Provinsi Bali No. 1 tahun 2011. Pajak kendaraan bermotor sendiri merupakan salah satu jenis Pajak Provinsi yang diatur dalam UU No 28 tahun 2009. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor di Bali. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana tarif yang dikenakan dalam pemungutan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor  yang dikenakan tarif progresif dan bagaimana realitas kebijakan baru dari Pemerintah Provinsi Bali, apakah kebijakan tersebut adalah pengenaan tarif pajak progresif yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip perpajakan.
Sistem Opinion Mining dengan Metode Pos Tagging dan SVM Untuk Ekstraksi Data Opini Publik pada Layanan JKBM
Authors: Atmarani Luh Ria , Sudarma Made , Giriantari IA Dwi
Published: August 2017

Analisis sentimen atau opinion mining dapat digunakan untuk mengekstrak opini dari baris baris teks menjadi suatu informasi. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah Hidden Markov Model (HMM). HMM digunakan untuk memberikan kelas kata secara gramatikal pada suatu kalimat. Setelah kelas kata dapat ditentukan selanjutnya menentukan aturan dengan menggunakan rule based. Dengan menggunakan rule based suatu kalimat dapat ditentukan termasuk opini atau bukan. Penerapan metode Support Vector Machine digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan opini ke dalam opini positif dan negatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data pada penangan keluhan dan pada opini online pada Unit Pelayanan Teknis Jaminan Kesehatan Bali Mandara Provinsi Bali. Hasil proses opinion mining akan diuji menggunakan metode precission, recall dan akurasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan presentase nilai precission, recall dan akurasi memiliki rata rata presentase sebesar 89 persen. Ini menunjukkan metode pos tagging dan SVM mampu mengklasifikasikan kalimat kedalam opini dan menentukan kalimat ke dalam opini positif dan negatifDOI: 10.24843/MITE.1601.13
PENENTUAN HARGA KONTRAK OPSI KOMODITAS EMAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE POHON BINOMIAL
Authors: BRATHA I GEDE RENDIAWAN ADI , DHARMAWAN KOMANG , SUCIPTAWATI NI LUH PUTU
Published: August 2017

Holding option contracts are considered as a new way to invest. In pricing the option contracts, an investor can apply the binomial tree method. The aim of this paper is to present how the European option contracts are calculated using binomial tree method with some different choices of strike prices. Then, the results are compared with the Black-Scholes method. The results obtained show the prices of call options contracts of European type calculated by the binomial tree method tends to be cheaper compared with the price of that calculated by the Black-Scholes method. In contrast to the put option prices, the prices calculated by the binomial tree method are slightly more expensive.
Factors associated to first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure among HIV/AIDS patients at Sanglah Hospital, Bali
Authors: Sri Dharma Astiti Cok Istri , Sagung Sawitri A.A , Parwati Tuti
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: The incidence of first line ART failure is increasing in the South East Asia region. The main referral hospital in Bali has recorded an increased use of second line ART due to the first line ART failure. This study aims to explore risk factors associated to first line ART failure.Methods: A case control study was conducted among people living with HIV and AIDS at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar who started first line ART between 2004 and 2013. Cases were those who diagnosed as having clinical treatment failure and still on treatment in 2015. Controls were those with no treatment failure. Sex and year of ART initiation were matched between case and control. Data were obtained from medical records that include initial regiments, HIV mode of transmission, the WHO HIV clinical stage, CD4 count, opportunistic infections, body mass index, hemoglobin level, and drug substitution at the beginning and during treatment. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression.Results: Out of 68 HIV/AIDS patients with clinical ART failure, 72.1% were confirmed with immunological and 36.8% were confirmed with virological failure. Median time before treatment failure was 3.5 years. Factors associated to ART failure were HIV clinical stage IV with (AOR=3.43; 95%CI=1.65-7.13) and being widow/widower (AOR=4.85; 95%CI=1.52-15.53). Patients with TB co-infection have a lower risk for treatment failure due to early diagnosis and treatment through TB-HIV program with (AOR=0.32; 95%CI=0.14-0.70).Conclusions: Higher HIV clinical stage at ART initiation increases the risk of treatment failure. HIV-TB co-infection indirectly reduces the risk of treatment failure.
Risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetes mellitus patients in Denpasar City
Authors: Risna Dewi D.P. , Eka Putra I.W.G Artawan , Sagung Sawitri A.A. , Pradnyaparamita Duarsa Dyah
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is more common in developing countries, including Indonesia. Denpasar City contributes the most on the total number of TB patients in Bali Province. There is evidence on increased burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with TB comorbidity. This study aims to examine risk factors of TB among DM patients.Method: A case control study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 135 samples, 45 cases and 90 control, were recruited to participate in the study. Cases were DM patients with TB comorbidity and were taken from patients register between 2013 to 2015. Control were DM patients without TB comorbidity and were taken from Bali Province screening operational study. Data were collected using interviews, observations, measurements and document review. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multivariate with logistic regression model.Results: Demographic characteristics between cases and controls were comparable in sex and family income but not comparable in age groups, education, domicile, and employment. Risk factors of TB among DM patients were house density (AOR=36.11; 95%CI: 5.0-259.9), undernutrition (AOR=24.76; 95%CI: 3.7-162.3), inadequate glycemic control (AOR=12.64; 95%CI: 2.4-66.2), and being employed (AOR=10.55; 95%CI: 1.2-92.7). TB infection among DM patients were associated with aged<60 years (AOR=7.47; 95%CI: 1.2-44.3) and being male (AOR=5.42 ;95%CI: 1.2-24.0). TB Co-infection among DM patients were also associated with low education level (AOR=6.96; 95%CI: 1.0-48.6), contact with TB patients (AOR=5.84; 95%CI: 0.7-46.6) and inadequate house ventilation (AOR=2.92; 95%CI: 0.6-13.1).Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristic, physical environments of the house and clinical conditions are risk factors of TB among DM patiens.
Barriers for people who inject drug (PWID) to access voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) at the health centres in East Lombok
Authors: Karmila Dany , Januraga P.P. , Septarini N.W.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Utilisation of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) by people who inject drug (PWID) in East Lombok is low. This study aims to explore barriers for PWID to access VCT service from community health centres in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in East Lombok. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. Nine participats were purposively selected consisted of five HIV negative PWID who repeatedly tested for HIV, one non-governmental organization official, one field worker, one VCT counsellor and one medical doctor. Data were inductively analysed.Results: This study found that PWID preferred to use mobile VCT rather than VCT at health centres because of scared of getting caught by police. They also felt uncomfortable of using VCT service at the health centres due to stigma and discrimination. In addition, lack of human resources at the health centre was also found to be a significant barrier. This led to increase workload thus limited attention was given to quality of VCT service.Conclusions: Barriers to access VCT service at the health centre include high stigma and discrimination from health provider and living arrangements of PWID. To improve VCT access for PWID, effective collaboration between health centres, private health institutions and village cadres are required.
High parity and chronic energy deficiency increase risk for low birth weight in Situbondo District
Authors: Ekowati Dyah , Seri Ani L. , Trisna Windiani IGA.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) in Situbondo District increased from 2.79% in 2008 to 5.85% in 2014. The highest prevalence in 2015 was found in Bungatan Subdistrict (11%). This study aims to determine risk factors of LBW in Bungatan Subdistrict, Situbondo.Methods: A case control study was conducted in Bungatan Subdistrict. A total of 60 infants born at the Bungatan Community Health Centre were included in the study. Cases were infants with LBW and controls were those with normal birth weight. All infants born with LBW were taken as cases (20 infants) while 40 controls were selected using a systematic random sampling. Data were collected from February to March 2016. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate with logistic regression test.Results: The majority of respondents were unemployed (80%), aged between 20-35 years during the pregnancy (53.33%), with parity of ?3 (66.67%), low education level (61.67%), anemia during the pregnancy (68.33%), good nutritional status (75.00%), poor nutrition intake during the pregnancy (51.67%) and without pre-eclampsia (88.33%). Parity of >3 increased the risk of LBW (AOR=6.4; 95%CI 1.66 - 24.75). Chronic energy deficiency increased the risk of LBW (AOR=5.6; 95%CI 1.41-22.57).Conclusions: Parity of more than three and chronic energy deficiency increase the risk for LBW in Bungatan Community Health Centre, Situbondo District.
Risk factors for low birth weight infants in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Owa Khrispina , Eka Putra I.W.G. Artawan , Trisna Windiani I.G.A
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal and infant mortality. The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey indicated that neonatal mortality rate in East Nusa Tenggara was 26 per 1000 live births, 15% of which were caused by low birth weight. This study aims to understand the relationship between age of mother, birth spacing, chronic energy deficiency, presence of concomitant diseases, employment status, anemia, quality of antenatal care and traditional dietary restrictions on the incidence of LBW in Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara.Methods: A case control study was conducted at Ende District in 2015, with a total of 156 respondents. Cases were mothers giving birth to LBW infant (<2500 gram) and controls were mothers giving birth to normal weight infant (?2500 gram). Case and control ratio was 1:1. Data were obtained from antenatal care records and interviews. Data were analysed using bivariate analysis and multivariate with logistic regression.Results: This study found that risk factors of LBW include age of mother <20 or ?35 years (AOR=6.8; 95%CI: 1.87-25.0), traditional dietary restrictions (AOR=6.7; 95%CI: 1.71-26.8), birth spacing <2 years (AOR=6.5; 95%CI: 1.78-24.2), chronic energy deficiency (AOR=5.3; 95%CI: 1.38-21.0), employed (AOR=4.6; 95%CI: 1.44-14.9), anemia (AOR=4.2; 95%CI: 1.37-13.1), malaria infection (AOR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.21-12.7) and low quality of antenatal care (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 1.11-11.3).Conclusions: Age of mother <20 or ?35 years, traditional dietary restrictions, birth spacing <2 years, chronic energy deficiency, maternal occupation, anemia, malaria infection and low quality of antenatal care are risk factors for LBW in the District of Ende.
Delayed access to treatment and frequency of acute respiratory infection as risk factors of severe pneumonia among children aged 12-59 months in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Sri Abadi D.A. K. , Nyoman Wirawan Dewa , Sagung Sawitri A.A , Trisna Windiani I.G.A.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Period prevalence of pneumonia among children in Indonesia increased from 2.1 in 2007 to 2.7 per 1000 children in 2013. The highest incidence was found among children aged 12-23 months. This study aims to examine association between delayed access to health care facilities and severity of children pneumonia.Methods: A case control study was conducted in Denpasar City. A total of 132 children were recruited to participate in this study, consisted of 44 cases and 88 controls. Cases were selected from 161 children with severe pneumonia who registered at Pulmonology Department of Sanglah General Hospital between January 2015 to April 2016. Controls were selected from 261 children aged 12-59 months with mild pneumonia who visited out-patient service at all community health centres in Denpasar City between January 2015 and April 2016. Cases and control was matched by sex. Data were collected by interview with the parents in their houses. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis with logistic regression.Results: Risk factors associated to severity of pneumonia among children aged 12-59 months were delayed access to treatment for more than three days (AOR=2.15;95%CI: 1.39-3.32), non-health care facilities at first episode of illness (AOR=4.02; 95%CI: 1.53-10.61) and frequent episodes of respiratory infections (>4 times) over the last 6 months (AOR=5.45; 95%CI: 2.13-13.96).Conclusion: Delayed access to treatment, did not access healthcare facilities at first episode of illness, and high frequency of acute respiratory infections are risk factors of severe pneumonia among children.
Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention from mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District
Authors: Espana Giri K. , Sri Nopiyani N.M. , Parwati Merati Tuti
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention from mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of community health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.Results: Pregnant women choosed to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is to involve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should includes network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres and community leaders’ participation.
ANALISIS KUALITAS MANAJER PROYEK TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI (STUDI KASUS : DI DENPASAR DAN BADUNG)
Authors: Eka Dharsika I Gde , Budiartha IN , Yansen I W
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Problems in construction projects caused by the extension of working time and an increase in labor costs. A limited ability of project management contribute to the decline in the quality of project work. The quality of project manager has an important role to smooth a construction project. Dedication in this profession requires project managers to carry out the work going according to plan. Analyzing the quality of the project manager for the implementation of construction projectsis one wayto measure the quality of a project. It needs  a right measurements way to providean accurate assessment of qualified and reliable project managers. This study aimed to obtain and analyze the factors that affect the quality of the project manager and its to construction projects.This used a sample of 45 respondents from several construction projects in the area of Badung and Denpasar during the period 2007-2012. The method used in this study is the method of multiple linear regression analysis by testing for the F-test and t-test. The results found 8 dominant factor that has a value eigen values??> 1. Sequentially, the factors that have been named are experience 41.63%,  education 9.278%, knowledge 7.240%, ability 5.088%, character 4.047%, network 3.843%, relationship communication 3.550%, confidence 3.357%. Influence the quality of the project manager on the performance fee of 51.9%, against 43.1% for quality performance, on-time performance, with a value of 57.9%. The results of this study prove that the powerful influence between the quality of the construction project manager to the implementation of construction projects.
PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA AIR DAS YEH PENET SEBAGAI AIR IRIGASI DAN AIR BAKU PDAM
Authors: Mudiasa I Made , Sila Dharma IG. B , Suputra I Ketut
Published: August 2017

Abstract : Tukad Penet is one of the biggest rivers in Bali which is used to support farming and fresh water demand. The increasing of water demand in various sectors such as for irrigation and drink water recently using water from Yeh Penet source shows the over use of its water has caused some conflicts between the use of the water user for irrigation and another use. Therefore, it was needed to review the use of Yeh Penet water to see how big the potential of its water that could be exploited to support the water source demand. The optimal analysis of water usage was carried out in six regional irrigation (DI) used Penet river water such as DI Peneng, DI Kacangan, DI Luwuscarang Sari, DI Penarungan, DI Kapal and DI Munggu. This analysis was based on cropping, planting and water management as well as a maximum water raw demand of the regional company of drinking water (PDAM) in Tabanan and Badung regency. Based on the simulation result, water availability in each irrigation regional (DI) depended on the cropping and planting. It was needed to provide the planting and rotation system for some irrigation regionals in river fluctuation discharge. The deficit of irrigation water balance occurred in DI Peneng, DI Luwuscarang sari, and DI Kacangan. The optimal use of irrigation water in the third irrigation regional was carried out by using planting stimulation and water management. The water balance analysis result at watershed in the part of downstream Penet watershed showed the availability of water surplus occurred in alternative plan I and II. The water balance analysis showed water availability in alternative plan I of a minimum 0.04 million m3 and maximum 1.43 million m3, whereas in alternative plan II the wasted water availability of a maximum 0.25 million m3 and a maximum 1.51 million m3. The potential development of Penet watershed in alternative plan I was 0.67 million m3 (0.52 m3/sec) and in alternative plan II was 0.76 million m3 (0.58 m3/sec) was not able to support the total water demand in Badung and Tabanan regency. Besides, the water source development of Penet watershed only occurred in downstream part of Yeh Penet river to avoid some conflicts of water utilization in Penet watershed.
ANALISIS RISIKO DALAM ALIRAN SUPPLY CHAIN PADA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG DI BALI
Authors: Aditya Dei Kadek , Dharmayanti G.A.P. Candra , Jaya N. Martha
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Contruction project is began by the necessity of the owner who than passed on to other parties such as consultant, contractor, sub-contractor, supplier, labour that are interlinked into a chain of construction project . The relationship between these parties put contractor as the chain in this relationship, known as construction supply chain (CSC).  In CSC there are  possibilities of risks that can increase the project cost, thus impact on the declining of the contractor’s profit. These source from three flows of supply chain system, that is flow of informations, flow of material and flow of funds. This  research  aims to analysis the supply chain risks on building construction project in Bali that affect on the declining of contractor’s profit.  Data was collected using a questionnaire survey. The respondents were selected  based on purposive sampling method, covers the experst on building construction projects. The method of analisys covers risk assement and linear regression analysis. The risk assement analysis shows that there are 26 major risks (6 risk in flow of information, 16 risks in flow of material and 4 risks in flow of fund). The regression analysis suggests that risks sourced from flow of informations is the most significant  factor that increase the projects cost, therefore mitigating focused on the flow of information with develop project’s administration as shop drawing, work permits, material’s approval, completeness of contract and daily coordination.
ALTERAÇÕES DE COMPONENTES ÓSSEOS DA ARTICULAÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR (ATM) EM RESPOSTA ÀS CONDIÇÕES DOS ARCOS DENTÁRIOS. ESTUDO MORFOLÓGICO EM CRÂNIOS E MANDÍBULAS HUMANOS
Authors: SOUSA Tiago Arantes de , MARTINS Ariovaldo Antonio
Published: August 2017

A literatura especializada tem destacado que a complexidade morfofuncional do aparelho mastigador pode determinar situações peculiares de respostas a processos traumáticos de etiologia variada. Nessa linha de pensamento, procurou-se verificar a possível relação entre as condições dos arcos dentários, com as modificações das superfícies articulares do temporal e da mandí­bula. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram utilizados trinta e dois crânios e respectivas mandí­bulas humanas, pertencentes ao acervo do laboratório de Anatomia da FUNEC. Os crânios e respectivas mandí­bulas foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: (GI): Crânios com maxilas e mandí­bulas dentados; (GII): Crânios com maxilas desdentadas e mandíbulas dentadas, crânios com maxilas dentadas e mandí­bulas desdentadas; (GIII): Crânios com maxilas e mandí­bulas desdentadas (desdentados totais). Na análise dos espécimes, procurando-se estabelecer uma comparação entre as características morfológicas dos componentes ósseos da articulação temporomandibular de crânios e mandíbulas dentados com os desdentados e baseados nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a severidade das modificações está correlacionada com o número de dentes ausentes.
Medical and epidemiological impact of candidal biofilms, tridimensional architecture, and resistance
Authors: Seddiki Sidi Mohammed Lahbib , Boucherit-Otmani Zahia , Kunkel Dennis
Published: August 2017

A hospital can be considered an ecosystem where the patient is found in contact with the microbial world and faces the risk of contracting an infection that is termed the nosocomial. Some opportunist pathogens yeast parts of this universe, candida sp., is responsible for more than 75% of systemic fungal infections. These infections are primarily related to medical devices such as catheters that promote the formation of biofilms. That structure sets up nests for disease because it is not easily amenable to conventional antifungal therapy. The diagnosis of catheter-related candidiasis is difficult; however, the differentiation between catheter infection and a simple contamination is essential to establishing an antifungal treatment. In this context, we conducted our study between February 2011 and January 2012 at the Hospital University Center of Sidi Bel Abbès (Algeria), which is to assess the responsible yeast species, then, to check their power to form biofilms and to test their resistance against amphotericin B and fluconazol. From 457 samples, 37 strains of candida sp. were isolated, along with the dominance of C. glabrata. Nevertheless, 31 strains were able to form biofilms; in addition, it appears from this study that the antifungal tests clearly show that sessile cells of candida sp. were much more resistant than their planktonic counterparts (32 times higher toward AmB and 128 times to fluconazole). Moreover, images of electron microscopy show the formation of biofilms on the internal surfaces of catheters.
كورد و ناوچه‌ كورد نشینه‌كان له‌ كتێبى (المسالك والممالك)ى (الاصطخري) (م: 346ك/953ز)
Authors: Mam Baker Hakim A. , Sherif Hussain Sh.
Published: August 2017

ئامانج له‌م لێكۆلینه‌وه‌یه‌ تیشك خستنه‌ سه‌ر به‌رهه‌مێكى ناوازه‌ى یه‌كێك له‌ گه‌ریده‌و وڵاتناسانى سه‌ده‌ى چواره‌مى كۆچى/ده‌یه‌مى زاینیى، كه‌ ئه‌ویش كتێبى ( المسالك والممالك) ى ( الاصگخری) یه‌، تایبه‌ته‌ به‌ سه‌رجه‌م ئه‌و لایه‌نانه‌ى كه‌ په‌یوه‌ندیان به‌ كورده‌وه‌ هه‌یه‌ له‌ رووى شوێنه‌كانى نیشته‌جێبوونیان وه‌ك زۆرینه‌ یان كه‌مینه‌، هه‌روه‌ها له‌ ڕووى سروشتى و مرۆییه‌وه‌و چۆنیه‌تى ژیان و گوزه‌رانیان و ڕه‌وشى ئابورى و كۆمه‌لایه‌تییان، گرنگى ئه‌م لێكۆلینه‌ویه‌ له‌وه‌دایه‌ كه‌ به‌ شێوه‌یه‌كى وردو پوخت ڕووپێوى لاپه‌ڕه‌كانى نێو كتێبى ناوبراوى كردووه‌و هه‌رچى په‌یوه‌سته‌ به‌ كورده‌وه‌ هه‌ڵوه‌سته‌ى له‌ سه‌ركراوه‌ ، ئه‌مه‌ش وه‌ك زه‌روره‌تێك بۆ ئێمه‌ى كورد كه‌ بزانین له‌ دوو تۆیێ سه‌رچاوه‌كاندا چۆن باس له‌ ئێمه‌ كراوه‌و باوك و باپیرانمان چۆن ژیاون وئاستى ژیاریان چه‌ند بووه‌.گه‌ریده‌و جوگرافیناسه‌كانى ئیسلامى؛له‌ سه‌ده‌كانى ناوه‌راستدا، ڕۆلێكى گرنگیان بینیووه‌، له‌ نه‌خشه‌ كێشانى جیهان به‌ گشتى و ناچه‌كانى ئیسلامى به‌تایبه‌تى.ناوچه‌ كوردیه‌كانیش؛ به‌ شیك بوون، له‌و نه‌خشه‌ و باسكردنه‌دا،به‌ شێوه‌یه‌ك ئه‌م گه‌ریدانه‌، سه‌ردانى زۆربه‌ى ناوچه‌ كوردنشینه‌كانیان كردووه‌، ئاماژه‌یان به‌ نه‌ته‌وه‌ى كورد و داب و نه‌ریت و لایه‌نى ئابورى وسیاسى و كارگێڕى كردووه‌، ئه‌مه‌ش بۆته‌ هۆى سه‌رچاوه‌یه‌كى زانیارى پڕ بایه‌خ، له‌و ماوه‌ مێژووییه‌ بۆ كورد ماوه‌ته‌وه‌.
المساجد والتكايا والكنائس والمدارس في بدليس في القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر
Authors: Mahmood Salah M. S. , Younis Majid M.
Published: August 2017

لا يمكن دراسة التاريخ والبحث فيه بمنأى عن التاريخ الحضاري الانساني، حيث تملأ هذا الشق من التاريخ الكثير من الفراغات ويجيب على الكثير من التساؤولات التي تنقص اليها الفروع الاخرى من التاريخ، وهي في الكثير من الاحيان لا تحظى بالاهمية التي تستحقها لدى المؤرخين، وبالامكان القول انها من الظواهر السلبية المنتشرة بالاخص عند المؤرخين في جغرافية الشرق الاوسط كلها، ولعل السبب وراء ذلك هو فقدان الاستقرار السياسي او زعزعته على الاقل في المنطقة المذكورة، والصراعات السياسية التي يتميز في الاغلب منها باللجوء الى العنف لتصفية المخاصمين، والتي ادى بدوره الى الاهتمام المتزايد بالتاريخ السياسي واهمال الجوانب الاخرى، كما ان دراسة التاريخ السياسي اصبحت من التقليديات التي دأب المؤرخون الاهتمام بها، وهذا لا يكون الا عبر تهميش التاريخ الحضاري والاقتصادي والاجتماعي، وعليه من الضروري الاهتمام بالتاريخ الحضاري ان اردنا تقديم صورة واضحة شاملة عن التاريخ، ولا سيما للامة الكردية التي كانت لها بصمة حضارية بارزة في تاريخ المنطقة التي يعيشون فيها وفي وقت دأب الشعوب المتسلطة عليهم على طمس تاريخهم الحضاري بكل السبل وتعريتهم من تراثهم الثقافي وعراقة وجودهم وتواجدهم ودورهم في بناء الحضارة في المنطقة. ولعل من احدى أهم المراكز التي تنامت فيها الحضارة الكردية بشكل عام هي مدينة بدليس في كردستان الشمالية وما اتبعها من مناطق تكونت منهم امارة كردية قوية في القرون الماضية، ذات تاريخ حضاري للكرد ان يفتخروا بها، كونها يعبر بتراثها الحضاري عن اصالتهم وقدم تواجدهم في المنطقة وتكشف عن مساهماتهم الحضارية الكبيرة والتقدم التي لم يكن لها وجود بين الكثير من الامم في حينه، التي  ادى في الكثير من الاحيان الى ان يضرب بها حتى السياح الاوربيون المثل لقياس الجمال والتطور الفكري والعلمي والحضاري الحاصل فيها.
رأس المال البشـري ودوره في تحقيق متطلبات الريـادة دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من التدريسيين في جامعة زاخو
Authors: Ismail Jagar M. , Nouri Rang M. , Haji Avan Y. , Saleh Majid M.
Published: August 2017

يهدف البحث الى تحديد وتحليل دور رأس المال البشري بمكوناته الاساسية ( المعرفة، المهارات، القدرات)  في تحقيق متطلبات الريادة الممثلة بــالابداع والمخاطرة والاستباقية والاستقلالية، من خلال استطلاع اراء عينة عشوائية من اعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة زاخو، إذ تم توزيع (51) استمارة من اصل (70) عضواً للهيئة التدريسية لتبلغ نسب العينة المبحوثة ( 72%) من اصل المجتمع الدراسة، وتم الاعتماد على الاساليب الاحصائية الوصفية والتحليلية للوقوف على مدى توافر مكونات رأس المال البشري ومتطلبات الريادة في الجامعة المبحوثة، فضلاً عن تحديد دور مكونات رأس المال البشري في تحقيق متطلبات الريادة التي تمكن الجامعة المبحوثة من التميز والقيام بدور ريادي وسط الجامعات العديدة في اقليم كوردستان. وتكمن أهمية البحث في أن نتائجه يمكن ان تساهم في التعرف على ابعاد رأسمال البشري ومتطلبات الريادة والعلاقة بينهما، وتوصلت الدراسة الى نتائج هامة اعتمدت مرتكزاً اساسياً لعرض عدد من الاستنتاجات التي انطلقت منها توصيات ومقترحات محددة نراها من وجهة نظرنا البحثية مهمة للجامعة المبحوثة والمحققة لبلوغها مركز ريادي متميز مقارنة مع الجامعات المنافسة.
Book Review: STEAM Makers: Fostering Creativity and Innovation in the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Moore Celeste
Published: August 2017

No Abstract
O estatuto ficcional de Os sertões, de Euclides da Cunha
Authors: Pardal Capistrano Renato
Published: August 2017

Os sertões congrega epítetos que conformam um emaranhado de visões contraditórias, e muitas vezes pouco fundamentadas em suas assertivas, a respeito de uma polarização que discrimina aspectos artísticos e positivistas da obra. Sua forma deliberadamente ficcional apenas recentemente teve sua problemática devidamente pesquisada. A ideia central deste trabalho se pauta no conceito original de geopoética, desenvolvido por Ronaldes de Melo e Souza, que configura o texto de Euclides na vigência de uma ficção multipersonativa centrada na figura de um narrador que se vale de seis personas: “observador itinerante”, “pintor da natureza”, “encenador teatral”, “investigador dialético” “refletor dramático” e “historiador irônico”.
Un estudio sobre la fraseología y los refranes saleños
Authors: Alama Marcos
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo intenta, en primer lugar, analizar los aspectos teóricos más significativos sobre la fraseología y el refrán y, en segundo lugar, interpretar un corpus de refranes saleños sobre el amor.