bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predlogi pravno-ekonomskih mehanizmov zmanjšanja revščine v Sloveniji
Authors: Kovač Mitja
Published: November 2022

Čeprav se pojavnost revščine razlikuje od države do države in so resnični vzroki zanjo ter njena vztrajna cikličnost še preslabo razumljeni, je revščina večdimenzionalni in dolgotrajni problem vsega človeštva. Revščina ne prikrajša le sedanjih potreb ljudi in njihovih prizadevanj, da bi uživali v boljši kontinuiteti svojega življenja, temveč jim vnaprej odvzame moč in zmožnost za izboljšanje jutrišnjega življenja. Ta prispevek povzema in sistematizira dosedanjo pravno-ekonomsko in behavioristično literaturo s področja revščine, in, dodajajoč nekatere nove vpoglede in izkušnje podaja priporočila, komentarje in predloge slovenskemu zakonodajalcu ter predvsem oblikovalcu ekonomskih politik.
Utopistike in revščina: konceptualne opombe
Authors: Rener Tanja
Published: November 2022

Ko je svetovni-sistem kapitalistične ekonomije v strukturni, ne le v eni svojih cikličnih kriz, je treba razmišljati o možnostih bolj radikalnih preobrazb tega sistema, ki jim avtorica pravi utopistike. V konceptualnem okvirju emancipatoričnih družbenih ved, katerega miselne koordinate sestavljajo enakost, svoboda in solidarnost, razmišlja o možnostih univerzalnega temeljnega dohodka (UTD) kot redistributivnega mehanizma na osnovi zelo preproste zamisli: vsak prebivalec določenega ozemlja prejema dohodek, ki mu omogoča življenje nad pragom revščine brez kakršnekoli delovne zahteve ali drugih pogojev. UTD nikakor ni le ukrep socialne politike in še manj zgolj boja proti revščini, pač pa možnost “večje svobode za vse”. Italijanske izkušnje z državljanskim dohodkom kažejo, da parcialni in pogojeni temeljni dohodek ne povečuje svobode in le delno ter šibko znižuje revščino. Tudi zato je videti usmeritev, ki poudarja pomen in razvijanje univerzalnih temeljnih storitev v smeri socialnega državljanstva, bolj smiselna in učinkovita.
Revščina in socialna izključenost: koncepti, socialna politika in pogledi ljudi
Authors: Filipovič Hrast Maša Filipovič , Rakar Tatjana
Published: November 2022

Ena poglavitnih nalog socialne politike je naslavljanje temeljnih potreb, torej zagotavljanje minimalnega dohodka in zaščita najranljivejših družbenih skupin. V prispevku so obravnavani koncepti, ki se nanašajo na vprašanje revščine in materialne deprivacije, ter predvsem njihova 'nadgradnja' v koncept socialne izključenosti, ki posameznikovih potreb in blaginje ne veže le na finančno ali materialno stanje, ampak tudi na vključenost posameznika v družbo, družbene odnose in participacijo. Predstavljeni so ključni instrumenti za naslavljanje te problematike, ki so vezani na samo opredelitev problematike in 'tradicionalno' zaobjemajo različne oblike denarnih prejemkov, glede na premoženjsko stanje posameznika oz. gospodinjstva s čimer se izboljšuje materialno stanje ljudi. Hkrati v prispevku poudarimo spremenjeni fokus socialne politike, ki se nanaša na širši koncept socialne izključenosti ter tudi na posledice, ki jih ima ta sprememba v okviru sodobne socialne politike. Pri tem razpravljamo o sodobnem trendu pogojevanja in aktivacije v okviru socialnih politik za najranljivejše, katerih cilj naj bi bila hitrejša in boljša vključenost posameznikov (predvsem v trg dela). Na podlagi empirične analize demokratičnih forumov in fokusnih skupin, opravljenih med leti 2015 in 2016, predstavimo odnos ljudi do vloge države blaginje v Sloveniji pri pomoči revnim in najranljivejšim družbenim skupinam ter do politike pogojevanja in aktivacije.
Pravno oblikovanje socialne države
Authors: Strban Grega , Mišič Luka
Published: November 2022

Prispevek obravnava osrednje vidike pravnega (so)oblikovanja socialne države kot mnoštva institucionaliziranih, bodisi v prispevni redistribuciji dohodka bodisi v davčni redistribuciji bogastva, utemeljenih prerazdelitvenih družbenih (pod)sistemov, ki ljudem omogočajo učinkovito uživanje socialnih pravic, tj. pravic iz sistema socialne varnosti. Ta obsega (pod)sisteme socialnih zavarovanj, socialnega varstva in družinskih prejemkov. Socialne odškodnine, socialne spodbude in ugodnosti prav tako sodijo v sistem socialne zaščite, ki pomembno udejanja ustavno zapoved socialne države. Prispevek se uvodoma osredotoča na zgodovinski razvoj socialne države, ki se danes manifestira predvsem skozi osrednje ustavno načelo pravne in socialne države, zaradi česar so njeni instituti utemeljeni v individualnih, iztožljivih pravicah. V besedilu so podrobneje obravnavani že omenjeni sistemi socialne zaščite, s poudarkom na dajatvah, namenjenih preprečevanju revščine in socialne izključenosti. Prispevek prav tako obravnava socialno državo v njeni naddržavni podobi t. i. evropskega socialnega modela, vključno s pravili o koordinaciji sistemov socialne varnosti, ki izhajajo tudi iz meddržavnih sporazumov s področja socialne varnosti.
Class in Finance Capital
Authors: Collier Ken
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT:  Class relations specific to finance capital arise among people in their struggles of life, defined within the broad bounds of the economies they help to form. Eras of economic and social transition from foraging to farming and fishing, through industry and now finance capital define classes, their relations, redefinition and renewal.
Contribución de las normas legales en la adopción por primera vez de las NIIF en la preparación y presentación de la información financiera de las empresas peruanas
Authors: Díaz-Becerra Oscar Alfredo
Published: November 2022

El proceso de armonización contable iniciado en las últimas décadas del siglo XX originó que varios países prescindieran de la aplicación de sus normas contables en la preparación de la información financiera, por lo que fueron reemplazadas por la aplicación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera, conocidas como «NIIF». Esta decisión implicó adecuar la normatividad legal en cada país. Así, se creó un marco adecuado para su adopción por primera y posterior aplicación en la preparación de los reportes financieros. En el caso peruano, se observa una dispersión de las normas legales que se han emitido al respecto, las cuales, en algunos casos, son cuestionadas por algunos especialistas en la materia. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si las normas legales que regulan la preparación y presentación de la información financiera de las empresas peruanas contribuyen con la adopción por primera vez de las NIIF, para lo cual se ha realizado un diseño descriptivo y no experimental, aplicando la técnica de revisión documental sobre un conjunto de normas legales relacionadas al tema de investigación. Entre los principales resultados, se destaca que las normas legales no contribuyen con la seguridad jurídica, mientras que sí contribuyen con la oportunidad y vigencia de la norma.
Tax leverage and third-party capital cost for Brazilian companies
Authors: Cardoso Duarte Joseane Martins , Marcos Lima Emanoel , De Morais Lima Jessica
Published: November 2022

This study empirically investigates whether Brazilian companies that are more tax-leveraged have a lower capital cost from third parties than those that are less tax-leveraged. The survey data comprises financial information from 315 companies listed on the stock exchange - B3 and was structured containing information on the total liabilities due (PET), tax liabilities (PT), and the third parties’ capital cost (ki) of the sampled companies for the years between 2013 to 2017. The research is descriptive, with a quantitative approach, using methods of descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient for data analysis. The results indicate that the tax leverage provides a lower capital cost for third parties compared to the companies’ other onerous liabilities in the sample analyzed, proving, in this paper, that the financial strategy of not collecting taxes and using these resources to finance the activities of the companies can generate savings in the capital cost of third parties. The research contributes academically to provide an opportunity for discussion on the topic, contributes to society by exposing the public policy implications of granting tax installments, and contributes to companies by indicating the possibility of reducing the cost of third-party capital via tax leverage.
Analysis of the relationships between corporate reputation and tax avoidance of Brazilian companies
Authors: Dos Santos Isabela de Araujo Bernardo , De França Robério Dantas
Published: November 2022

This article aims to analyze the relationship between corporate reputation and tax avoidance of Brazilian companies. Unlike previous research that observed reputational damage caused by tax reduction strategies deemed abusive or illegal, the purpose of this research is to analyze whether, once established, corporate reputation is likely to influence the level of tax avoidance of Brazilian companies. The research sample comprises a total of 180 publicly traded companies, totaling 1,800 observations in the period from 2010 to 2019. Panel data regression (fixed effect with FE-LSDV estimators and random effect - RE) was used to test the effects of corporate reputation on tax avoidance. The main results indicate that companies with a strong reputation are paying more taxes, on average, and are less aggressive in tax strategies. In addition, companies with a strong reputation have larger book-tax-differences (BTD).
Assessment of the Potential for Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation by the Methanization of Slaughterhouse Waste in the District of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Kone Tiangoua , Mangoua-Allali Amenan Lydie Clarisse , Ama-Cauphys Assamoi Béatrice , Kone Pantchie Hadidjata , Ouattara Pétémanagnan Jean-Marie , Coulibaly Lacina
Published: November 2022

Abattoirs are source of huge amounts of waste that contribute to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus, to the global warming and climate change. Treating these was with biodigester technology could be a suitable alternative to GHG emission mitigation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for GHG emission mitigation by a biodigester to be installed at the abattoir of Port-Bouët in the District of Abidjan as a pilot project. More specifically, it aims to: (i) estimate the daily biogas production from 2013 to 2018 according to the mathematical methods of Hashimoto, Gwogon, and Amahrouch, and an empirical method, (ii) evaluate the environmental benefits of the biodigester by estimating the avoided GHG emissions according to the methods mentioned above.The mathematical methods used are those of Hashimoto, Gwogon and Amahrouch. In addition, the empirical method was also used. The results showed that regardless of the method, the amount of biogas increased from 2013 to 2017 and decreased in 2018. The highest daily biogas productions are obtained in 2017 for all methods. Thus, the biogas volumes are 564.50 m3 in a biodigester of 2792.64 m3 according to the Hashimoto method, 724.15 m3 for the biodigester of 2228.14 m3 with the Gwogon method and 557.03 m3 for digesters of volumes 2785.17 m3 calculated with the Amahrouch method. According to the empirical method, the maximum volume of biogas is 631.31 m3. Regarding the amount of CO2 avoided per kilogram of dung, the values ranged from 41579.88 to 71561.17 kg CO2e for the Gwogon method, 41643.46 to 71670.58 kg CO2e for the empirical method, 41689.19 to 71749.30 kg CO2e for the Hashimoto method, and 41694.30 to 71758.10 kg CO2e for the Amahrouch method. These results show a great environmental and economic potential of the installation of a biodigester for the treatment of the waste of the slaughterhouse of Port-Bouët. The choice of the anaerobic digestion process was a continuous mixed biodigester where the substrate is introduced daily with liquid.
Bazı Popüler Diyetlerin İmmünite Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ADIGÜZEL Emre , KILIÇ Şeyma Nur , YILMAZ Almina , YURDAKUL Gizem , BİLEN Ülkü Didar , TENİL Ahsen , YILMAZ İrem
Published: November 2022

İmmünite organizmanın hastalık etkenlerine karşı kendini savunmak için geliştirdiği mekanizmalar bütünüdür. İmmünite ve beslenme arasındaki etkileşim oldukça karmaşıktır. İmmün yanıtın her aşamasında birçok makro ve mikro besin ögesi ile biyoaktif bileşen kilit rol oynar. Yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde amino asitler, yağ asitleri, vitaminler ve mineraller gibi immün yanıtı etkileyen birçok besin ögesi saptanmıştır. Beslenme paternlerinin immünite üzerine etkisi doğal ve adaptif immün sistem, mukoza ve mikrobiyom düzeyinde olabilir. Yetersiz ve dengesiz beslenme sonucu vücuda enfeksiyon girişi kolaylaşır ve hastalık etkenlerine yanıt olarak gelişen immün mekanizmalar sekteye uğrar. Başta obezite olmak üzere çeşitli sağlık problemleri ve estetik kaygılar nedeniyle yaygınlığı artan popüler diyetler sağlık etkileri yönünden tartışılmaktadır. Özellikle, akdeniz diyeti ve aralıklı açlık gibi popüler diyetlerin immünite ile ilişkisi birçok araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Ancak, literatürde farklı popüler diyet türlerinin immün fonksiyon üzerine etkilerini derleyen makalelere rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmalar daha çok besin desteklerinin immünite ile ilişkisine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada ketojenik diyet, vejetaryenizm/veganizm, glutensiz diyet, akdeniz diyeti, aralıklı açlık ve detoksifikasyon diyetleri gibi popüler diyet türlerinin immün fonksiyon üzerine etkileri güncel literatür ışığında gözden geçirilmiştir.
Spatial Form and Poetic Writing in the City of Luoyang From the Yuanhe to Huichang Periods of the Tang Dynasty
Authors: Liu Zhihan
Published: November 2022

The Mid-Tang literature is an important stage in the literary history of the Tang Dynasty, and presents another high point in the creation of poetry after the flourishing Tang Dynasty, which is also known as the mid-emergence stage in the development of Tang literature. During the Yuanhe to Huichang periods, the literati living in Luoyang often gathered together to create and interact with poetry. The bureaucrats and scribes who lived in Luoyang were the mainstay of poetry writing. The bureaucrats and scribes who lived in Luoyang were the mainstay of poetry writing. They were both prominent politicians and literary leaders, but at a time of political turmoil and fierce party rivalry, they had no way out politically and had to seek a “retreat” from their career and literary expression. The Confucian scribes who were in close proximity to the bureaucratic scribes had lofty goals but unfortunate careers. With its outstanding geographical and cultural advantages, Luoyang provided favourable conditions for the gathering of bureaucratic scribes and for literary creation. It was of great importance in the development and formation of the poetic style of the Mid-Tang. This article examines the poetry of the bureaucratic scribes who lived in Luoyang during the Yuanhe to Huichang periods of the Tang Dynasty within the context of the city’s spatial form. Firstly, the historical transmutation of the geospatial form of the city of Luoyang is explained. Then, from the perspective of public architecture landscape, it explores the emotional experience and spiritual sustenance of bureaucratic scribes to Luoyang urban landscape. It examines the dynamic interaction between the internal architecture of Luoyang City and the literary milieu of the middle Tang Dynasty.
Formulation and evaluation of Yemeni potash alum as hydrophilic topical preparations against bacterial skin infections
Authors: Refat Moath , Thabit Anes A.M. , Siddick Hesham , Maqboli Abdul-Rahman , Sharah Mohammed , A.Thabet Abdul-baqi , Refat Manar , A. Mohammed Aiman Saleh , Al-Sabati Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Skin and soft tissue infections are common. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause most bacterial skin infections. Yemen's alum is a natural mineral with potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. The current study aimed to verify Yemen alum's antibacterial activity against chosen bacterial strains to formulate a valuable topical preparation. We formulated twenty-three formulations involving four non-adjusted aqueous solutions, eight adjusted pH aqueous solutions, three Oil/Water cream formulations, and eight glycerin solutions, all with different alum concentrations. After that, we evaluated the antibacterial efficacy against the selected bacterial strains. Additionally, we performed stability testing (almost six weeks) to determine the chosen preparations' estimated shelf life (t90).  Alum showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, it was concluded that Oil/Water cream (10% alum) is viable preparation for large-scale production.
News Credibility Perception based on Media
Authors: Nahdiah Siti , Agustin Cindy Ayu
Published: November 2022

The developments of communication technology nowadays open up the boundaries for us to get information. We used to wait for morning newspaper or the schedule of news program on Television to get recent issues. Now we can access any kind of updated news anytime anywhere with our hands using online media. The objective of this study is to explain the credibility perception of the news from the media used by the audience in Indonesia. The focus is to determine which media is considered the most credible between print and online media. This study is based on media theory from Harold Innis, one of the first theorists in media, about the bias of communication. The positivistic paradigm and quantitative approach with survey method is used in this study. The result shows that even though nowadays online media is prefered to be used, the content of news in print media considered be more credible.Â Keywords : News Credibility; Print media; Online media
Sociological Research of a New Model of Professional Development of Library and Information Specialists in the Samara Region
Authors: Klyuyashkina I. N. , Bogdanova I. A.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the results of a sociological study conducted within the framework of the innovative educational project “Federal Innovation Platform “Academy of Library and Information Skills” of the Samara State Institute of Culture. This innovative educational project is aimed at creating a new model of the professional development system and developing the creative potential of library and information specialists in the Samara region.The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the organization of professional development of library and information specialists in the region, outlines the prospects for the development of this activity, allowing the design of a new additional educational program “Modern library in the digital space”.The problem of improving the system of advanced training of library and information specialists of municipal libraries in the context of the formation of new professional competencies in the digital environment and the influx of specialists with non-core education to library institutions needs to be solved.
Owners of Russian Personal Book Collections in the Turkestan Region
Authors: Lizunova I. V. , Pshenichnaya E. V.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the owners of Russian personal libraries in Turkestan region at the end of the 19th – the beginning the 20th centuries, the persons who made a great contribution to creating the first public library of the European type on the territory of modern Uzbekistan. The purpose of the article is to consider the personality of the Russian personal libraries’ owners in the Turkestan region in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, as well as the history of the formation of their personal book collections, thematic content and the degree of their study. The article considers the peculiarities of the formation of Russian personal libraries, the composition and design of bibliophile collections, a variety of ownership characteristics. Russian personal book collections of the Turkestan region are of exceptional importance as a valuable source for the study of Russian book culture and socio-cultural development of the region.
Analysis of Information Resources Reflecting the Development of Arctic Research
Authors: Terekhov A. I.
Published: November 2022

The scientific study of the Arctic is a geographically determined area of multi- and interdisciplinary research, the analysis of the development of which at the global and national levels is of interest for bibliometric analytics. The basis for such an analysis can be information about the scientific knowledge produced in the world, which is accumulated by bibliographic databases (DBs) of different levels. The aim of this article is to give a comparative assessment of the degree of coverage of the Arctic topics in three well-known DBs: Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar and VINITI RAS; perform a bibliometric review of Arctic research (in the world and in Russia) using the global polythematic DB Web of Science Core Collection and the domestic DB VINITI RAS. Based on a specially formed sample of publications indexed in the DB Web of Science Core Collection for the period 1980-2020, the scale of production of scientific knowledge about the Arctic, the contribution of the most significant countries participating in research, including Russia, are estimated; a high degree of international scientific cooperation is shown. The Top 10 most productive Russian cities in the study of the Arctic have been identified, the publication contribution of Siberian scientists, who have significantly increased their activity since 2014, has been evaluated. With the help of the DB VINITI RAS, which has a greater coverage of Russian publications, the subjects of works related to the study of the Siberian region of the Arctic are characterized. In particular, it is shown that most of them over the past three years have been aimed at problems of geology, solving problems of economics and energy.
Variation Tendency of CVD Risk Factors in Blood According to Age and Relative Grip Strength among Different Populations Based on Bayesian Probabilistic Approach: A Cross-Sectional Study from Jiangsu Province’s Data of China Physical Fitness Surveillance
Authors: Tharmo Komnivoc , Feng SB
Published: November 2022

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been one of the leading causes of death and disability-adjusted life years lost worldwide. Blood pressure, lipid, and cholesterol are good predictors of CVD risk and correspond upon age and physical fitness. However, few studies have explored the variation trend of CVD risk factors across different populations upon age and their muscle strength. Objective: to analysis the variation tendency of CVD risk factors in blood according to age and relative grip strength among different populations. Method: 25363 participants were recruited in this cross-sectional study and 24709 were included in the analysis. A logistic regression and a Bayesian probabilistic analysis based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Modeling is conducted to build probability prediction models of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia according to age, relative grip strength, body weight conditions, and physical activity levels. Results: 1) age might be the main influence factor of hypertension, which is regarded as one of the primary CVD risk factors. However, although keeping a high level of physical activity might have positive effect on preventing hypertension because that individuals with normal body weight and higher physical activity shows a lower probability of being diagnosed with hypertension, it might could not prevent individuals from getting hypertension with age. 2) After 60, individuals of normal body weight seem more likely to have hyperlipidemia than those are overweight or obese. 3) Larger relative grip strength might not be able to offset the negative effects of obesity, overweight and physical inactivity on hyperlipidemia. 4) The probability of getting hypercholesterolemia varies less with age and relative grip strength. Conclusion: Body weight management and keeping high levels of physical activity are recommended at any age. It might benefit to increase some bodyweight after 60 years old.
Asphaltene Modeling, Emulsion, and Aggregation: A Review
Authors: Abbasi Moud Aref
Published: November 2022

Asphaltene is a component of crude oil that, if mishandled, may create substantial transportation and industrial concerns. It is a solid by nature, with a diverse set of molecular compositions. Furthermore, the oil industry has identified emulsion generation and clogging precipitate as key concerns. The emulsified water droplets in the process are just what give the raw oil its increased viscosity; hence, power is squandered to transport the oil around. The information has been separated into sections based on simulation, solubilization, agglomeration, precipitation, and evidence of model chemicals in the literature. We have included research that investigates the bulk rheology and interfacial rheology of asphaltene to describe its interfacial activity more clearly.
Usability, Ergonomics, and Extensibility Comparison of Computer Network Trainers for Basic Computer Network Learning Media
Authors: Arifuddin Faizal , Hatta Puspanda , Wihidayat Endar Suprih
Published: November 2022

The use of computer network trainers has become a major preference in vocational education because it is proven to be better than computer network simulation software. However, the use of existing computer network trainers (Desknet Trainer and Netcube Trainer) becomes overlapping in the domain of basic computer network courses. A comparison study was conducted in the aspect of usability, ergonomics, and extensibility to find out which trainer was the most suitable for handling basic computer networking courses. A quasi-experimental method with a counterbalanced design was chosen to compare computer network trainers. The T-test was conducted with the results stating that the data significance value was greater than the significance level (0.241 > 0.05). Then H0 is accepted with results stating that the two computer network trainers proved equal in handling basic computer networking learning. With such results, no recommendation can be drawn as to which trainer is superior. Both computer network trainers are allowed to be used together in basic computer network courses.
“SECURE LANE”: EXPLORING DOTA 2 PLAYERS’ EXPERIENCE ON THEIR INCIDENTAL VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Rachmad Arvega , Adi Sugeng Susilo , Ratri Devinta Puspita
Published: November 2022

Vocabulary is the key of language where people need to process words to understand their meaning of words. Learning vocabulary is not merely can be obtained from classroom interaction. It can be done outside classroom with the aid of various media, one of which is video games developed in English. Learning English from activities outside the classroom like playing video games can gain incidental vocabulary which has relation with repetition of the interaction from the learner with target language which is English. DoTA 2 is a popular video game among students since it not only provides a pleasurable experience for players but also allows them to engage with one another via the use of English. This survey study aimed at figure out the relation between player intensity of playing DoTA 2 and their vocabulary size. The data was gained from 100 students of a state university in Indonesia who played Dota 2 by distributing a questionnaire adopted from Cabraja (2016) to get the players’ view and Schmitt’s Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT) to know players’ vocabulary level. The findings showed that participants who plays DoTA 2 more regularly got a higher score on the Vocabulary Level Test score than participants who played Dota 2 less regularly. According to their experience, participants with higher score feel more confident when communicate with other player using English. It shows that playing the video game, DoTA 2 in this case, contributes a significant impact on players'/students' accidental vocabulary acquisition as well as giving a less daunting experience when learning English.
IMOBILISASI ENZIM UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR LAKTOSA / Immobilization of Enzymes to Reduce Lactose Levels
Authors: Setyawati Amelya , Suyatma Nugraha Edhi , Budi Faleh Setia
Published: November 2022

Lactose intolerant consumers can consume milk if there is a lactase enzyme that breaks down lactose in dairy products first. Enzyme immobilization is an enzyme attached to the material and not dissolved in the product stream repeatedly. The process of reducing lactose levels by immobilizing the lactase enzyme in milk can be a claim that the milk is low in lactose and lactose-free. This review aims to identify recent and significant advances in enzyme immobilization technology, generate ideas for future research areas, and help identify critical gaps in research to find solutions. The highest percentage of enzyme immobilization until almost 100% uses an alginate matrix and a cycle more than twice. That indicates that the enzyme immobilization method is very effective in making low-lactose milk in the food industry in this particular. Some benefits of enzyme immobilization for the food industry are: producing low-lactose milk and improving the quality or the value of dairy products by increasing the product’s softness, digestibility, and sweetnes. In addition, it can speed up the ripening process of cheese and is a source of sugar in confectionery, feedstuffs, soft drinks, candy, cakes, ice cream, flavored milk, desserts, and molasses.

Keywords: Milk, lactose intolerance, anzyme immobilization, alginate.

 

Abstrak

Konsumen intoleransi laktosa dapat mengonsumsi susu apabila ada enzim laktase yang memecah laktosa terlebih dahulu. Kadar laktosa dapat diturunkan dengan cara imobilisasi enzim laktase pada susu sehingga memiliki laktosa yang rendah atau bebas laktosa. Imobilisasi enzim merupakan enzim yang melekat pada bahan dan tidak terlarut dalam aliran produk sehingga dapat digunakan berulang kali. Naskah ini mengungkapkan kemajuan teknologi imobilisasi enzim dan membantu menemukan solusi dalam menurunkan kadar laktosa pada susu. Tingkat imobilisasi enzim yang tinggi hingga mencapai hampir 100% menggunakan matriks alginat dan siklus yang dapat digunakan lebih dari dua kali menunjukkan metode imobilisasi enzim sangat efektif menekan kadar laktosa pada susu atau pada industri pangan umumnya. Manfaat imobilisasi enzim bagi industri pangan selain untuk memproduksi susu rendah laktosa juga dapat meningkatkan kualitas atau nilai produk susu dengan meningkatkan kelembutan, daya cerna, dan rasa manis produk. Selain itu, dapat mempercepat proses pematangan keju dan sumber gula dalam penganan, bahan pakan, minuman ringan, permen, kue, es krim, susu berperisa, makanan penutup, dan molase.

Kata kunci: Susu, intoleransi laktosa, imobilisasi enzim, alginat
Authenticity ahead of interdisciplinarity – a scoping review of student experiences in interdisciplinary science projects
Authors: Hart Joanne Louise , Bone Elisa
Published: November 2022

Interdisciplinary projects are reported to facilitate the development of both disciplinary and generic skills. They vary in their design and implementation, but the effectiveness of different project models has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine student satisfaction, engagement with learning and development of employability skills across interdisciplinary projects with different delivery models.
This scoping review appraises interdisciplinary projects implemented in science-based undergraduate degree programs. Projects with varying models of delivery, interdisciplinarity, authenticity and external partner involvement were examined, and the reported student learning and satisfaction ratings compared. Descriptive statistics and cross tabulation using Fisher’s Exact test were used to analyse the data.
The interdisciplinary project model had little effect on engagement with learning, but student satisfaction improved if the project task was rated as authentic (p<0.05). Improved learning was reported in about half of the projects reviewed. Improved employability was reported in projects where students used discipline-based skills to provide a consultancy (p<0.05), and those where an external partner was involved (p<0.05).
The interdisciplinary project model did not affect disciplinary or employability skill development, apart from interdisciplinary competence, which was significantly improved in a truly interdisciplinary project (p<0.01). Interpersonal skill development was significantly improved where projects had integrated rather than sequential tasks (p<0.05).
Overall, interdisciplinary projects that were authentic and/or involved an external partner generated better student satisfaction and real-world experience. These results inform the future design of interdisciplinary project-based learning tasks and encourage involvement of external partners in project design and delivery.
Assessing the accuracy of the International Classification of Disease (ICD) frameworkin the identification of patients with Chronic Subdural Haematoma from hospital records.
Authors: Yordanov Stefan , Khan Shuaib , Stubbs Danial , Davies Benjamin , Santarius Thomas , Hutchinson Peter , Joannides Alexis
Published: November 2022

Background
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the commonest neurosurgical pathologies with an increasing incidence. Observational studies of routine care have demonstrated high perioperative morbidity and approximately 10% mortality at one year. 20 The development, implementation, and evaluation of a potential care framework relies on an accurate and reproducible method of case identification and case ascertainment. With this manuscript, we report on the accuracy of diagnostic ICD codes for identifying patients with CSDH from retrospective electronic data and explore whether basic demographic data could improve the identification of CSDH.
Methods:
Data were collected retrospectively from the hospital administrative system between 2014–2018 of all patients coded with either S065 or I620. Analysis of the ICD codes in identifying patients with CSDH diagnosis was calculated using the caretR package in RStudioR .and stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the best predictive model for CSDH.
Results:
A total of 1861 patients were identified. Of these, 189 (10.2%) had a diagnosis of non-traumatic SDH (I620) and 1672 (89.8%) traumatic subdural haematomas (S065). Variables that identified CSDH as a diagnosis on univariate logistic regression included male sex (Odds Ratios (OR) − 1.606(1.197–2.161), elderly age (OR) − 1.023(1.015–1.032) per year for age (p < 0.001) and shorter length of hospital stay. Using stepwise regression against AIC the best model to predict CSDH included male sex, older age, and shorter LOS. The calculated sensitivity for identifying CSDH with the model is 88.4% with a specificity of 84.5% and PPV of 87.9%.
Conclusion:
CSDH is a common neurosurgical pathology with increasing incidence and ongoing unmet clinical need. We demonstrate that case ascertainment for research purposes can be improved with the incorporation of additional demographic data but at the expense of significant case exclusion.
Urban-rural disparities in the association between home and community-based services utilization and levels of disabilities among Chinese older adults with disabilities
Authors: Zhang Xiangyang , Huang Zishuo , Zhang Rujia , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Qingren , Zhang Xinxin , Xu Tingke , Huang Yunyun , Wang Shanshan , Chen Chun
Published: November 2022

Background: China has the highest number of older adults with disabilities worldwide. Home and community-based services (HCBSs) are optimal ways to deal with disability problems. Studies have shown urban-rural disparities in the supply and demand of HCBSs in China and that disability levels are significantly associated with HCBSs utilization. However, what’s inconspicuous is whether there are urban-rural disparities in HCBSs utilization and whether HCBSs utilization and levels of disabilities are associated. This study is designed to analyze urban-rural disparities both in HCBSs utilization and in the relationship between HCBSs utilization and levels of disabilities among Chinese older adults with disabilities.
Methods: In applying the Andersen behavioral model, bivariate analysis and multivariate regression models were employed using data from 843 older adults with disabilities from the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey.
Results: Urban older adults with disabilities used HCBSs over twice as often as their rural counterparts. Furthermore, older adults with moderate disabilities living in urban areas used HCBSs more than twice as often as older adults with mild disabilities, while older adults with severe disabilities residing in urban areas used HCBSs approximately three times more often than older adults with mild disabilities. However, regarding rural older adults with disabilities, the levels of disabilities were unrelated to HCBSs utilization.
Conclusion: Disability levels among Chinese older adults with disabilities were significantly correlated with HCBSs utilization throughout the country and in urban areas, but not in rural areas. The underlying reason for these disparities is the low utilization of HCBSs in rural areas among older adults with disabilities. The government should combine the supply-side and demand-side perspectives to fundamentally address urban-rural disparities in using HCBSs among Chinese older adults with disabilities.
Association of physical activity, school safety and opioid use in adolescents: A structural equation analysis
Authors: Alexander Janae
Published: November 2022

Background
The opioid epidemic has created an opportunity for researchers to examine the personal and environmental relationships around opioid use. This study examined the association of physical activity, school safety, and opioid use among a sample of US high school students.
Methods
The sample of participants for this study were from the latest Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) (2019 dataset). The main dependent variable for this study was opioid use in male and female adolescents in the 9th-12th grades in the United States. The independent variables assessed were unsafe schools and physical activity. All statistical analysis was done using STAT software version 17.
Results
15.4% of the high school students reported misusing opioids and being a very physically active group (µ = 4.69days per week). The overall goodness of fit for the model was good 2 (df = 8) = 62.96 (p < .001), RMSEA = 0.029 [90% CI (0.02, 0.04)], CFI = 0.993, SRMR = 0.02. While latent physical activity was not statistically significantly related to opioid misuse (β = -0.02, p = .08), unsafe schools increased opioid misuse (β = 0.33, p < .001). This study showed the direct path between opioid use and unsafe school environments and behaviors.
Conclusion
School administrators and school health educators can consider the relationships discussed in this study and create programs to address the prominent behavior and risk factors to prevent adult dependence on opioids and school-related incidences escalated by comorbid drug use.
Cutting Tool Path Modification to Uniform Scallop‐Height in Three-Axis Milling Operations
Authors: Soori Mohsen , Arezoo Behrooz
Published: November 2022

Scallop height, which is the uncut amount of workpiece materials in metal cutting paths, has an impact on the surface condition of manufactured products. To increase accuracy and surface quality of machined parts, the scallop height should be analyzed in order to be minimized. In this study, a virtual machining system is created to produce uniform scallop height throughout free form surface end milling. Machined surfaces are analyzed by the developed system in order to obtain the curvature of free form surfaces. Then, the machined surfaces are divided to the flat, concave and convex surfaces in order to analyze and modify the cutting tool paths along milling operations. The machining parameters of step over, feed rate and spindle speed are modified in order to obtain uniform scallop height during milling operations of free form surfaces. As a result, the modified cutting tool paths can generate the uniform scallop height in order to increase surface quality of machined free form surfaces. To enhance the process of component manufacturing utilizing machining operations, the study's produced virtual machining system can raise the productivity as well as the accuracy of machined free from surfaces.
Paliurus spina-christi fruit extracts improve glucose uptake and activate the insulin signaling pathways in HepG2 insulin-resistant cells
Authors: Esfahani Seyedeh Mona Mousavi , Tarighi Parastoo , Dianat Kosar , Ashour Tabarek Mahdi , Mottaghi-Dastjerdi Negar , Aghsami Mehdi , Sabernavaei Mahsa , Montazeri Hamed
Published: November 2022

Background: Paliurus spina-christi(PSC) fruit is frequently used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Mediterranean regions. Here, we investigated the effects of various PSC fruit extracts (PSC-FE) on glucose consumption and some key mediators of insulin signaling pathways in high glucose and high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.
Methods: The effects of methanolic, chloroform and total extracts on cell proliferation were assessed by the MTT assay. The potential of non-toxic extracts on glucose utilization in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells was checked using a glucose oxidase assay. AKT and AMPK pathway activation and mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor (INSR), GLUT1, and GLUT4 were determined by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively.
Results: We found that high concentrations of methanolic and both low and high concentrations of total extracts were able to enhance glucose uptake in an insulin-resistant cell line model. Moreover, AKT and AMPK phosphorylation were significantly increased by the high strength of methanolic extract, while total extract raised AMPK activation at low and high concentrations. Also, GLUT 1, GLUT 4, and INSR were elevated by both methanolic and total extracts.
Conclusions: These results indicate that methanolic and total PSC-FE can restore glucose consumption and uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, which could be at least in part due to re-activating AKT and AMPK signaling pathways and also increased expression of INSR and glucose transporters. Overall, our study suggests methanolic and total extracts of PCS as appropriate antidiabetic agents and explains the use of these PSC fruits in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
Geographically disaggregated approach to integrate low carbon technologies across local electricity networks
Authors: Few Sheridan , Djapic Predrag , Strbac Goran , Nelson Jenny , Candelise Chiara
Published: November 2022

Globally, increased deployment of low carbon technologies in the form of distributed photovoltaics (PV), heat pumps (HPs), and electric vehicles (EVs) are required to meet climate targets. Without network upgrades or increased system flexibility, these technologies would overload some local networks. The extent of overloading, which networks are most susceptible, and optimal means of avoiding overloading by context, remain unclear. This paper presents a new methodology using local-level data and network simulation to calculate future network upgrade costs in over 40,000 geographical regions across Great Britain. Network upgrade costs are found to vary substantially between localities. Costs are typically highest in urban areas, and areas with high levels of HP and EV deployment. Reduction in network upgrade cost associated with locally deployed flexibility is also calculated and found to vary substantially between localities. This geographically resolved data is used to develop a targeted approach to deployment of local network flexibility across the country, reducing network upgrade costs by more than £200 million compared to an approach treating localities as homogenous.
WITHDRAWN: Courtship and mating behavior in two species of Pediobius (Eulophidae, Hymenoptera) with comparison with other Chalcidoidea in Israel.
Authors: Rudoy Andrey
Published: November 2022

Mating of several tiny chalcid species from Eulophidae, Aphilinidae and Encyrtidae were observed in north Israel. Male of the smallest among observed, Aphelinus sp was not mounting during mating. In Encyrtidae both species, Aensius arisonensis and Anagyrus vladimiri behavior very similarly. Males mount on the female after short run. In Eulophidae courtship of Pediobius saulius and P. epigunus seems different and involving one and two males respectively. In both species observed the run of one specimen after another and wing opening of the male. In P. saulius were observed only elements of courtship as wings movements of males near the female and male-male combats with antennae. In P. epigunus only mating with two males was successful. In last moment before mating males open wings and put antennae in up wase position, continuing to run. Copulation starts from contacts with legs. Female was stepping with two males on its dorsal side. During the mating female was in firmed physical contact with two males instantaneously for several seconds. Any elements of competition between males were detected, both were realizing same behavioral pattern, and staying in symmetrical position on the both sides of the female similarly in courtship of P. saulius.
Comparative Chloroplast Genomes and Phylogenetic Analyses of Zanthoxylum L. Provide Insights into Species Delimitation and Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Liu Xia , Sun Chong , Li Mingzhi , Liu Han , Zhu Xinxin , Huang Qinqin , Liu Huamin , Chen Zexiong
Published: November 2022

Background: Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae), including a large number of economically, ecologically and medicinally important species, is widely distributed all over the world. However, there are few studies about its chloroplast genome information to date.
Results: Our results showed that the chloroplast genomes have a typical quadripartite structure with one large single copy, one small single copy, and two inverted repeat regions. The size of the genomes ranged from 157,231 bp to 158,728 bp in length, and 132 genes were identified in four species, which including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes and 8 ribosomal RNAs, while contained 133 genes (88 protein-coding genes) in Z. piasezkii chloroplast genome. The IR-SC boundary regions exhibited great variation among these five chloroplast genomes.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the rpl22 gene was truncated in Z. piasezkii, which was was different from other Zanthoxylum species and could be used as a marker for accurate identify Z. piasezkii. Our plastid tree indicates the possibility that the earlier intrageneric classifications, especially subgenus, need to be further refined. These findings will provide insights into the genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and species identification of Zanthoxylum.
Improvement of PGC demodulation algorithm based on low harmonic distortion
Authors: Bing Wei , Meng Wang , Yong Kong
Published: November 2022

In order to solve the problem of demodulation distortion caused by light intensity disturbance and modulation depth drift in phase generation carrier demodulation algorithm, in this paper, an improved phase generation carrier demodulation algorithm for interferometric sensor is proposed. The distortion caused by light intensity disturbance is theoretically analyzed and compared with the demodulation performance of traditional discrete cosine transform (PGC-DCM) and PGC-Arctan(PGC-Arctan) algorithm, the experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SINAD) of about 30dB can be achieved when the light intensity disturbance (LID) of 1.5rad ~ 3.5rad is introduced, which is nearly 15dB higher than the traditional discrete cosine transform algorithm. At the same time, the dependence on modulation depth C can be eliminated. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 0.1% and the signal-to-noise ratio of 30dB can be achieved in the experiment, which is nearly 10dB higher than the traditional algorithm, and the linearity is as high as 99.99%. This research provides a new scheme for the demodulation of optical fiber interferometric sensor.