bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características de carcaça e componentes não-carcaça de tourinhos ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim alimentados com rações contendo três teores de concentrado
Authors: Bren Leandro , Rossi Junior Paulo , Moletta José Luis , Nascimento Eduardo Michelon do , Fernandes Sergio Rodrigo , Santana Miguel Henrique de Almeida
Published: December 2018

Improving the quality and energy content of rations increases performance in feedlot cattle, resulting in higher weight at slaughter, better carcass quality and a higher yield of non-carcass components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrate content in the ration on the carcass traits and weight of non-carcass components of young bulls finished in a feedlot. Eighteen young crossbred ½ Purunã x ½ Canchim bulls were used, with an average body weight (BW) of 278 kg and 12 months of age at the start of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and six replicates, where the treatments were the contents of 0.71, 0.97 and 1.24% BW day-1 of concentrate in the ration, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Corn silage was used as roughage and was provided ad libitum during the experiment. The young bulls were kept in the feedlot for 168 days and slaughtered at 17 months of age. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the slaughter weight (SW) and hot carcass weight (HCW), which increased from 433 to 485 kg and from 248 to 280 kg between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. This represented an increase of 9.87 kg in SW and 6.16 kg in HCW for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration. The hot carcass yield, rib eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness and the proportions of bone, muscle and fat in the carcass were not affected by the concentrate content and showed mean values of 57.3%, 79.6 cm2, 3.20 mm, 14.88%, 65.21% and 20.67%, respectively. There was a linear effect of concentrate content on the carcass temperature after cooling, which increased from 8.1 to 9.0 oC between 0.71 and 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate. An increase of 0.16 oC in the post-cooling carcass temperature for each 0.10% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate added to the ration was observed. The weight of internal organs and the perirenal and internal fat deposition were not affected by the concentrate content. The inclusion of 1.24% BW in DM day-1 of concentrate in the ration is recommended to obtain high SW and high HCW. Below this level, the carcass tissue composition and weight of non-carcass components are not modified.
Volumosos na alimentação de vacas da raça Holandês em condições experimentais no Brasil - Metanálise
Authors: Alessio Dileta Regina Moro , Velho João Pedro , Silveira Vicente Celestino Pires , Knob Deise Aline , Busanello Marcos , Tambara Antônio Augusto Cortiana , Thaler Neto André
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition, voluntary intake, and digestibility of the diet of Holstein cows, as well as milk yield and milk composition as a function of different roughage sources used under experimental feeding conditions in Brazil, through meta-analysis. The database of this study consisted of 109 experiments with 424 treatments of 3,903 lactating Holstein cows. The data were obtained from studies published between January 2000 and December 2015, and were evaluated by variance analysis. Lactating dairy cow diets with a single source of roughage other than corn silage resulted in lower voluntary intake, milk yield, and differences in milk composition, compared to diets based on corn silage or the combination of two roughages, probably due to reduced nutrient digestibility. Diets based on corn silage are distinguished by feed efficiency, milk yield, and composition. Diets based on the combination of two roughage sources are similar with respect to milk yield and composition, compared to diets based on corn silage; whereas, diets with a single source of roughage (other than corn silage), even when containing a higher proportion of concentrate, led to reduced voluntary intake, milk yield, and food efficiency due to the lower utilization of the nutrients. Diets based on corn silage in general allow a higher proportion of roughage in the diet due to energy density.
Additional effect of coated sodium butyrate 30% in the piglets feeding during the nursery phase
Authors: Oliveira Newton Tavares Escocard de , Carvalho Paulo Levi De Oliveira , Genova Jansller Luiz , Caxias Junior Osíris Antunes de , Cristofori Eliseu Carlos , Silveira Fábio Henrique Rodrigues , Santana Ana Lúcia Almeida
Published: December 2018

In this study, the objective was to assess the growth performance, rectal microbiological profile, serum and immunological standards, and incidence of diarrhoea in piglets in the nursery phase fed diets with and without the addition of coated sodium butyrate 30% (SB). A total of 80 crossbred piglets (40 entire males and 40 females), with an average initial body weight of 9.47 ± 1.03 kg, were distributed in a randomised block design, with four treatments repeated twice in the two blocks and five piglets of the same gender per experimental unit. The treatments comprised a combination of two feeds, formulated based on corn and soybean meal with and without 0.1% SB inclusion as an additional product, and both genders, fed from of the pre-starter I diet. SB did not affect (p > 0.05) the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of the piglets, but efficiently (p = 0.05) controlled the incidence of diarrhoea. The average values of the characteristics measured in the blood of the piglets were within the normal physiological parameters of the species. The inclusion of SB in commercial feed did not alter the growth performance and rectal microbiological profile of nursery piglets under low sanitary challenge conditions. However, the organic acid efficiently reduced gastrointestinal disorders that cause diarrhoea, with diarrhoea incidence rates of 2.68 and 4.46% for piglets fed with and without the inclusion of the additional organic acid, respectively.
Biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D isolated from Acnistus arborescens
Authors: Corrêa Joze Aparecida Marciano , Fortkamp Diana , Silva Camila Furtunato da , Rocha Flávio , Gomes Luiz Humberto , Duarte Keila Maria Roncato , Ferreira Antonio Gilberto , Lira Simone Possedente de
Published: December 2018

Many oomycete species are plant pathogens and are responsible for causing significant losses in agriculture. Currently, plant pathogen control is carried out by chemical, biological and physical methods. However, due to the development of resistance to these methods by some pathogens, it is imperative that alternative methods are developed. Brazilian biodiversity is well-known for its species richness and is considered a promising source of natural products. Among the vascular plants, the family Solanaceae A. Juss. (Solanaceae) is considered one of the largest, with distributions across all tropical and temperate regions of the world. The Solanaceae family presents a high diversity of species of economic importance as sources of food, medicinal and ornamental properties. Plants of this family are sources of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes that possess potential diverse applications. Therefore, chemical and biological investigations of these compounds are extremely important as they present alternatives for their potential use in the control of plant pathogens. Here, we report for the first time, the biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D, a compound isolated from Acnistus arborescens, against the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. With these results, we emphasize the importance of such studies on plant secondary metabolites, which may present coadjuvant options in the control of plant pathogens.
Análise da hipóteses de convergência da renda para os municípios da microrregião de Cornélio Procópio – Pr entre 1991 e 2010
Authors: David Geovani Aparecido de Oliveira , Meyer Leandro Garcia
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo analisou, sob o enfoque regional, o cenário econômico e as hipóteses de convergência da renda per capita para a Microrregião de Cornélio Procópio do Norte Pioneiro do Paraná, no período 1991-2010. Com esse intento, utilizou-se os tradicionais testes de ?-convergência absoluta e de ?-convergência, cujos valores mostraram que os Municípios mais pobres obtiveram uma taxa de crescimento da renda per capita superior aos Municípios mais avançados, confirmando a hipótese de convergência. No entanto, ainda que o crescimento econômico tenha atuado de forma a reduzir os diferenciais de renda, também foi possível constatar que a velocidade de convergência registrada foi baixa. Dessa forma, as disparidades ainda são expressivas, principalmente quando se compara alguns Municípios de menor expressão, como Santa Amélia, Congonhinhas e Nova América da Colina, com Cornélio Procópio, pólo regional e Município que apresentou o maior nível de renda e de atividade econômica da Microrregião. Notou-se, também, que o próprio Município de Cornélio Procópio ainda continua pobre em relação a outras economias municipais de maior relevância no contexto estadual. Destaca-se, por fim, que os resultados desse estudo contribuem para orientar políticas públicas e promover discussões sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico dessa região.
Grau de inovação nas microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte (MPE) do Distrito Federal (DF): um estudo do radar da inovação
Authors: Gomes Ricardo Robson Moreira , Mendes Dany Rafael Fonseca , Constantino Michel
Published: December 2018

Os empreendimentos de micro e pequeno porte, considerando-se apenas o ambiente formalizado brasileiro, enfrentam uma taxa de sobrevivência relativamente baixa, da ordem de 76,6%, de acordo com o Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE, 2014). Nesse contexto de competitividade e de altas taxas de falência, a inovação sistematizada, apesar de ser de uma poderosa ferramenta para a manutenção dos negócios, costuma não ser prioridade para micro e pequenos empreendedores. Em função do baixo número de estudos sobre a inovação nas MPE, notadamente com o uso de um ferramental teórico robusto, como é o caso do Radar da Inovação, proposto inicialmente por Sawhney et al (2006), o objetivo deste trabalho foi medir o grau de inovação em micro e pequenas empresas do DF acompanhadas pelo Programa ALI (Agentes Locais de Inovação), do Sebrae. Além do ineditismo e do ferramental aplicado, este estudo se justifica por se debruçar sobre uma amostra de 3.708 empreendimentos, aproximadamente 4% da população de MPE do Distrito Federal, de acordo com dados do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE, 2012). Portanto, pretende-se, ainda, que os resultados aqui tratados se transformem em fonte para futuras pesquisas, a partir das quais as análises possam ser aprimoradas.
A metodologia do PIB verde como indicador de sustentabilidade: um estudo de caso em uma indústria do setor metal-mecânico catarinense entre 2010 e 2016
Authors: Miranda Ronaldo Leão de , Santos Gilberto Friedenreich dos , Martins Eliane Maria , Souza Cristiane Mansur de Moraes
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal identificar o valor e a contribuição do PIB verde, como indicador de sustentabilidade, tendo como estudo de caso uma indústria do setor metal mecânico catarinense, com período de investigação os anos de 2010 a 2016. Para legitimar o objetivo proposto, se utiliza a equação fundamental do PIB verde, adaptando-a para sua mensuração na indústria estudada, possibilitando sua utilização enquanto indicador de sustentabilidade da atividade industrial em questão. Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos metodológicos, trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, explicativo, bibliográfico, documental e ex post facto. Quanto aos resultados da indústria estudada, tem muito a ser melhorado, pois se nos futuros anos a indústria continuar aumentando seu PIB industrial e o PIB verde permanecer com o percentual de variação médio de 57% em relação ao PIB industrial, conforme os cálculos realizados, a consequência é uma insustentabilidade de sua atividade industrial a médio e longo prazo. Portanto, diante dos resultados e do ponto de vista do desenvolvimento regional, o PIB verde traz não somente o resultado da sustentabilidade empresarial local ou regional, mas sim os resultados do atual cenário produtivo empresarial.10.5433/2317-627X.2018v6n2p27
O (des) ajuste entre a oferta e demanda de mão de obra qualificada na região do grande abc paulista: subsídios para estratégias de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Prearo Leandro Campi , Souza Maria Socorro
Published: December 2018

A região do Grande ABC Paulista é conhecida pelas suas características relacionadas às atividades industriais e a relevância que possui no contexto econômico nacional. Neste sentido, este artigo visa compreender o mercado de trabalho da região, do ponto de vista de oferta e demanda de mão de obra qualificada no período de 2005 a 2014. Com esse propósito, os trabalhadores ocupados na região foram classificados de acordo com a sua formação escolar, conforme dados disponibilizados na RAIS e as exigências para as ocupações no mercado de trabalho de acordo com a Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações-CBO. Assim sendo, os trabalhadores foram classificados em “subeducados”, “adequados” e “sobre-educados”. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com os métodos Normativo, Estatístico, da Renda e Autodeclarado. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que, entre o período de 2005 a 2014, ocorreu um desajuste entre a oferta e a demanda de mão de obra na região do Grande ABC Paulista.
Oxide layers on titanium obtained
by anodizing in orthophosphoric acid
Authors: Wilk M. , Klimek L.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: Titanium is an essential material used in modern dentistry, mostly due to its tissue
compatibility. However, there are another physicochemical assets, which can be harnessed.
One of these is enhancing the bonding strength of titanium with another materials. In view
of the advantageous effect of oxide layers on the bond with the ceramics, an attempt was
made at creating oxide layers on samples of commercially pure titanium applied as the
material for metal frameworks of prosthetic restorations.
Design/methodology/approach: As the research material cylindrical wet grinded
commercially pure titanium, Grade II samples were used. The samples were divided into
three groups and underwent anodic oxidation in 1 M orthophosphoric acid, with the
voltages: 120 V, 160 V, 200 V. After the anodizing process, the samples were subjected to
the X-ray diffraction, analysis of the element distribution from the surface towards the inside
of the materials using an optical spectrometer, finishing with the tests performed with a
scanning microscope to determine the morphology of the obtained layers.
Findings: Layers of 0.26 μm to 0.65 μm thick were achieved. The performed studies
demonstrated that increasing reaction voltage contributes not only to thickening of the oxide
layers but also influences to porosity. The layers obtained in the electrolyte which contained
monomolar orthophosphoric acid consist of only one allotropic type of titanium oxide –
anatase. The spectrometric tests showed that the content of titanium and oxygen in the layer
is not constant, which proves that the formed layer does not have a strictly stoichiometric
composition TiO2, but rather TiO2-x.
Research limitations/implications: It is necessary to provide the optimal voltage directly
related to the employed acid solution to preserve the usable thickness of oxide layers. Too
thick (over 1 μm) coating may lead to exfoliating. Contrary, distinctly thin layers present
fractures and decrements, accordingly do not veneer entire surface of titanium sample.
Originality/value: Usually oxide layers obtained by anodic oxidation are examined
paying special attention to tissue integration and usability in implantology. Following paper
is focused on bonding titanium with dental ceramics to facilitate process of designing
porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dentures.
Mathematical model for determining the
expenditure of cooling and lubricating
fluid reaching directly the grinding zone
Authors: Stachurski W. , Sawicki J. , Krupanek K. , Midera S.
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the method of determining the
mathematical model used for calculating the amount of emulsion reaching directly the
grinding zone during the hob sharpening process.
Design/methodology/approach: The mathematical model, in the form of a multiple
regression function, was determined based on the acceptance and rejection method. The
data for the calculations was obtained by conducting numerical simulations of fluid flow in
the Ansys CFX software.
Findings: A mathematical model enables calculating the amount of efficient expenditure of
emulsion reaching directly the zone of contact between the grinding wheel and workpiece
(hob cutter rake face) at various nozzle angle settings and different nominal expenditures of
emulsion. The verification of the mathematical relationship confirmed its accuracy.
Research limitations/implications: Further research should focus on the other types of
grinding process and other types of cooling and lubricating fluids.
Practical implications: The mathematical model enables a selection and application
in the workshop and industrial practice of various variants of emulsion supply during the
grinding of hob cutter rake face. Analysis of the multiple regression equation created on
the basis of the acceptance and rejection method also allows predicting changes in the
analyzed numerical model.
Originality/value: The literature review has shown that no research of this type has been
conducted with regard to analyses and optimisation of the grinding process during hob
cutter sharpening. The results of this research are a novelty on a worldwide scale.
Basic Issues of Management in the Field of Public Security
Authors: Wiśniewski Wojciech
Published: December 2018

The issue of management in the area of public security is a subject under intensive research due to its importance for managing the security of the state. In a high standard manner, this problem was addressed in Poland in an organized way in the beginning of the 20th century. The management of public security is exercised by the authorities and public administration. The authorities set up the legal basis and introduce organizational solutions. Public administration is responsible for the full and effective organization of management in this type of safety. In the present paper, the Author presents basic management problems in the area of public security using several theoretical methods.
Revision of the Eurybrachidae XIV. The Australian genera Olonia Stål, 1862 and Stalobrachys gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
Authors: Constant Jérôme
Published: December 2018

The Australian genus of Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) Olonia Stål, 1862 is redescribed and reviewed. Seven new species are described: O. bourgoini sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe), O. danielsi sp. nov. (N Queensland, Cape York Peninsula), O. guillaumei sp. nov. (N Queensland), O. hochae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Undara), O. monteithi sp. nov. (Queensland), O. rylandae sp. nov. (N Queensland, Chillagoe) and O. soulierae sp. nov. (Queensland). Platybrachys nobilis (Stål, 1863) is transferred to Olonia and the new combination Olonia nobilis (Stål, 1863) comb. nov., is proposed. Olonia ornata Lallemand, 1928 and O. apicalis (Walker, 1851) are removed from Olonia and transferred to Platybrachys Stål, 1859 and Maeniana Metcalf, 1952, respectively. Hence, the new combinations Platybrachys ornata (Lallemand, 1928) comb. nov. and Maeniana apicalis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. are proposed. The new genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. is described to accommodate Olonia alboapicata Jacobi, 1928 and the new combination S. alboapicata (Jacobi, 1928) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The male genitalia are illustrated and photographs of habitus, a distribution map, biological data and an identification key are provided. The genus Olonia currently contains twelve species and the genus Stalobrachys gen. nov. has one species.
Sharing Our Stories: The Work of Gary D. Schmidt
Authors: Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: December 2018

Sharing a good book with a friend is one of the most fundamental experiences children need as they develop their identities as readers. In our libraries, we create spaces for children to find a great book, read it with support from others, and finally share those stories with their peers.In my university classes, I create similar structures for my undergraduate students studying children’s literature, and I model how to share books most effectively with children. As a class, we read several middle grade novels together, discussing the stories, sharing our interpretations, and brainstorming ways to share this literature with children.Recently, we engaged in a study of the work of Gary D. Schmidt, and it ignited an interest and a passion in my students for the power his books can hold when shared with middle grade students. Small groups completed an in-depth project on this author’s work, and three students reached out to Schmidt to see if he would complete a personal interview. He agreed, much to their delight, and they shared the completed interview in class.
A Decade of The Underneath: A Conversation with Kathi Appelt
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: December 2018

If you were like me, you likely hooted with excitement when you heard that Kathi Appelt’s The Underneath had received a Newbery Honor in 2009. My enthusiasm was tempered only by the fact that it didn’t win the Newbery Medal itself.It’s hard to believe it’s been a decade since the notable book was published—garnering much praise (including being a 2008 National Book Award finalist) but also trigger warnings about its graphic depictions of animal abuse.
The Right Place at the Right Time
Authors: Metz James
Published: December 2018

In the 1928 movie Steamboat Bill, Jr., as Buster Keaton stands in front of a house, the front wall of the house falls toward him. Keaton is unharmed as the open attic window passes over him. See photographs 1 and 2 for two views of the scene.
Building the Optimal Learning Environment for Mathematics
Authors: Eichhorn Melinda (Mindy) S. , DiMauro Peter J. , Lacson Courtney , Dennie Barbara
Published: December 2018

Teachers can use Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in their math classroom to anticipate potential barriers, know which tools will engage students, and provide safe spaces for learning.
Performance et défense de l’unité familiale : la valeur du capital émotionnel
Authors: Cadiou Christian , Cadiou Kristen , N’Goma Farrel
Published: December 2018

L’unité, un particularisme de l’entreprise familiale, nous intéresse pour la logique émotionnelle qu’elle recèle. Dans un but de compréhension de la valeur en contexte familial, nous étudions un phénomène complexe, celui du risque de rupture de l’intégrité d'un groupe. L’entrisme de LVMH au capital d’Hermès a eu pour conséquence un renforcement de la défense de l’unité familiale d’Hermès. La menace d’une prise de contrôle rampante a élevé l’unité au rang de priorité. Sa préservation détruit certes de la valeur financière mais pérennise le modèle et met en évidence l'impact de la valeur socio-émotionnelle.
« 99 % des suicides sont tragiques, nous nous battons pour le 1 % qui reste »
Authors: Gandsman1 Ari , Dubois Florence
Published: December 2018

À partir de recherches ethnographiques menées auprès d’activistes du droit à la mort, cet article cherche à relever et à analyser les divisions de nature conceptuelle qui structurent les arguments des activistes. D’une part, des activistes soutiennent que la mort médicalement assistée doit être rigoureusement distinguée de l’acte du suicide. Pour ce faire, ils font référence à la notion « d’esprit sain » dans un contexte où le corps est malade, faisant ainsi appel au caractère fondamentalement rationnel d’un processus décisionnel fondé sur la volonté dans le choix. Ils distinguent un tel choix des suicides, non rationnels, qui sont visiblement le résultat d’un « esprit troublé ». Toutefois, en puisant dans une base de données ethnographiques considérable et dans des entrevues, on constate que les activistes reconnaissent aussi implicitement une frontière perméable entre les deux actes. Plusieurs points de tension et d’ambiguïté surviennent d’ailleurs lorsqu’il s’agit de distinguer la mort médicalement assistée et officiellement approuvée d’un acte de suicide. Dans l’analyse de la question, le présent article cherche à explorer le noyau de la tension entre les réformistes et les branches plus radicales de l’activisme du droit à la mort. Si ceux qui aspirent à modifier la constitution actuelle demandent, parmi d’autres garde-fous, des critères d’admissibilité clairement définis en fonction de maladies terminales et incurables, d’autres activistes plus radicaux s’opposent à de telles « médicalisations de la mort » et tiennent une position plus ouverte où le droit à la mort englobe aussi les « suicides rationnels ». Enfin, notre article montrera que, même après la légalisation de la mort médicalement assistée, ces noyaux de tensions subsistent.
Jeunes contrevenants à la croisée des chemins
Authors: Laurier1 Catherine , Ducharme Anne-Marie , St-Pierre Laurie , Sarmiento Janet
Published: December 2018

En raison de la prédominance des conduites antisociales des jeunes contrevenants en général et de ceux associés aux gangs de rue en particulier, qui constituent d’ailleurs le motif de leur prise en charge par le système de justice, il est moins fréquent de se pencher sur leur victimisation et leurs séquelles psychologiques. Ainsi, dans le cadre de cet article, 212 jeunes contrevenants, pris en charge par les services jeunesse ou les services correctionnels ont été évalués à l’aide de questionnaires quantitatifs et lors d’une entrevue qualitative semi-structurée. Cette étude à devis mixte a permis de relever, dans la partie quantitative, les variables qui contribuent statistiquement le plus au risque suicidaire, tel qu’il a été évalué à l’aide de deux outils (MAYSI-2 et MINI). En outre, les entretiens qualitatifs ont fait ressortir que les jeunes contrevenants pris en charge se trouvent à une croisée des chemins où s’affrontent le désir de quitter un mode de fonctionnement délinquant et le sentiment de ne pas pouvoir le faire à cause d’un avenir considéré comme étant bloqué. Dans la discussion, les résultats des devis quantitatifs et qualitatifs sont mis en relation, dans une démarche abductive, pour en proposer une compréhension intégrée. Finalement, quelques suggestions pour l’intervention complètent cet article.
Peut-on distinguer homicide-suicide et suicide par leurs facteurs de risque ?
Authors: Notredame1 Charles-Édouard , Richard-Devantoy Stéphane , Lesage Alain , Séguin Monique
Published: December 2018

Les homicides-suicides sont des événements aussi graves qu’exceptionnels. À l’interface de la criminologie et de la suicidologie, leur étude et leur prévention butent sur une indistinction de statut : sont-ils à considérer comme une sous-catégorie du suicide ou comme une entité à part entière ? Pour le clarifier, nous avons mené une méta-analyse de l’ensemble des articles comparant les facteurs de risque de suicide et d’homicide-suicide afin de discerner si certains d’entre eux étaient plus spécifiques de l’un ou de l’autre des événements. Treize articles ont été inclus dans l’analyse finale. Le sexe masculin, l’appartenance à une minorité culturelle et les antécédents judiciaires étaient plus spécifiquement associés à l’homicide-suicide qu’au suicide. De même, le suicide survenait plus fréquemment à domicile et impliquait des moyens plus violents lorsqu’il était précédé d’un homicide. En revanche, les problèmes de santé physique, les antécédents de dépression, de tentative de suicide et de consommation de substances psychoactives augmentaient le risque de suicide davantage que celui d’homicide-suicide. À l’appui des présents résultats, nous proposons de revisiter la dualité homicide-suicide/suicide en l’inscrivant dans un modèle intégré. Sous cette perspective, les deux événements pourraient être lus comme l’issue dramatique d’une même tension psychique critique que favoriseraient des facteurs prédisposant aspécifiques. La forme du passage à l’acte ne dépendrait alors de l’influence que de certains de ces facteurs, dits facteurs orientants. Les implications que cette modélisation pourrait avoir en termes de recherche sont ici discutées.
Security Aspects of Information Structures in the Information Warfare Context
Authors: Grabusts Pēteris
Published: December 2018

In the modern sense, the concept of information warfare includes the use and management of information and communication technologies to achieve a competitive advantage compared to the opponent. An information warfare is a manipulation with information that trusts a goal without an objective understanding, so that the goal is to take decisions against its own interests in the interests of the opponents. Information structures are considered as systems that produce and process various types of information, provide the storage of information and access to users. Such information structures may include neural networks, adaptive learning systems, etc. They must be prepared to train, respond to threats and ensure the safety of their existence, which is very topical during modern information warfare. This analytical article will cover more theoretical aspects related to the security of information systems from the system theory point of view. Knowledge base of the information structure can be a neural network, in which training should be provided from external threats.The author considers artificial neural networks as one of the potential threats in the context of information warfare.
Preparation and Facilitation of Retrospective Meeting in Scrum process
Authors: Ozoliņš Pēteris
Published: December 2018

Agile methods have become very popular in software development. They emphasise importance of collaboration and communication in successful product development. Scrum is one of the most popular agile methods and it involves a number of artefacts and practices. The retrospective is one of the practices. It is an activity that serves a purpose as a team meeting to improve development processes. It is a time-boxed event, which should be planned and facilitated in order to obtain the best outcome. The paper aims at identifying appropriate practices for organising and running successful retrospectives. The practices are identified in the paper along with their attributes and usage suggestions.
Increments of Normal Inverse Gaussian Process as Logarithmic Returns of Stock Price
Authors: Rubenis Oskars , Matvejevs Andrejs
Published: December 2018

Normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution is quite a new distribution introduced in 1997. This is distribution, which describes evolution of NIG process. It appears that in many cases NIG distribution describes log-returns of stock prices with a high accuracy. Unlike normal distribution, it has higher kurtosis, which is necessary to fit many historical returns. This gives the opportunity to construct precise algorithms for hedging risks of options. The aim of the present research is to evaluate how well NIG distribution can reproduce stock price dynamics and to illuminate future fields of application.
Specific Features of Descriptive Statistics with Fuzzy Random Variables
Authors: Užga-Rebrovs OĻegs , Kuļešova Gaļina
Published: December 2018

The aim of the paper is to examine procedures of descriptive statistics in the case when the values of relevant attribute in a sample are set in the form of fuzzy categories. The paper provides alternative definitions of a fuzzy random variable, and describes corresponding procedures for calculating the analogues of location and spread parameters. The paper also presents some illustrative examples and analyses the results obtained. Based on the result analysis, practical recommendations are given on how to use procedures of fuzzy statistics.
Global Networks
Authors: Harasim Linda M.
Published: December 2018

Twenty-one contributors focus on the implementation, application, and impact of computer-mediated communication in a global context

Global Networks takes up the host of issues raised by the new networking technology that now links individuals, groups, and organizations in different countries and on different continents. The twenty-one contributions focus on the implementation, application, and impact of computer-mediated communication in a global context.

Previously limited to scientific research, global networks now have an impact on social, educational, and business communications. Individuals with a personal computer, a modem, and some simple software can join a new social community that is based on interest, not location. Global Networks, which was written largely with the assistance of the internet, provides an understanding of the issues, opportunities, and pitfalls of this new social connectivity. It looks at how networking technology can support and augment communication and collaboration from such perspectives as policy constraints and opportunities, language differences, cross-cultural communication, and social network design.

Contributors Linda M. Harasim, John Quarterman, Howard Rheingold, Anne Branscomb, Lee Sproull, Sara Kiesler, Marvin Manheim, Hiroshi Ishii, Jan Walls, Michael Kirby, Catherine Murray, Andrew Feenberg, Robin Mason, Margaret Riel, Beryl Bellman, Alex Jeffrey Shapard, Lucio Teles, Howard Frederick, Mitchell Kapor, Daniel Weitzner, Shumpei Kumon, lzurni Aizu, Robert Jacobson
The Future of Thinking
Authors: Davidson Cathy N. , Goldberg David Theo , Jones Zoë Marie
Published: December 2018

How traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites.

Over the past two decades, the way we learn has changed dramatically. We have new sources of information and new ways to exchange and to interact with information. But our schools and the way we teach have remained largely the same for years, even centuries. What happens to traditional educational institutions when learning also takes place on a vast range of Internet sites, from Pokemon Web pages to Wikipedia? This report investigates how traditional learning institutions can become as innovative, flexible, robust, and collaborative as the best social networking sites. The authors propose an alternative definition of “institution” as a “mobilizing network”—emphasizing its flexibility, the permeability of its boundaries, its interactive productivity, and its potential as a catalyst for change—and explore the implications for higher education. The Future of Thinking reports on innovative, virtual institutions. It also uses the idea of a virtual institution both as part of its subject matter and as part of its process: the first draft of the book was hosted on a Web site for collaborative feedback and writing. The authors use this experiment in participatory writing as a test case for virtual institutions, learning institutions, and a new form of collaborative authorship. The finished version is still posted and open for comment. This book is the full-length report of the project, which was summarized in an earlier MacArthur volume, The Future of Learning Institutions in a Digital Age.
Gene flow mediates the role of sex chromosome meiotic drive during complex speciation
Authors: Meiklejohn Colin D , Landeen Emily L , Gordon Kathleen E , Rzatkiewicz Thomas , Kingan Sarah B , Geneva Anthony J , Vedanayagam Jeffrey P , Muirhead Christina A , Garrigan Daniel , Stern David L , Presgraves Daven C
Published: December 2018

During speciation, sex chromosomes often accumulate interspecific genetic incompatibilities faster than the rest of the genome. The drive theory posits that sex chromosomes are susceptible to recurrent bouts of meiotic drive and suppression, causing the evolutionary build-up of divergent cryptic sex-linked drive systems and, incidentally, genetic incompatibilities. To assess the role of drive during speciation, we combine high-resolution genetic mapping of X-linked hybrid male sterility with population genomics analyses of divergence and recent gene flow between the fruitfly species, Drosophila mauritiana and D. simulans. Our findings reveal a high density of genetic incompatibilities and a corresponding dearth of gene flow on the X chromosome. Surprisingly, we find that a known drive element recently migrated between species and, rather than contributing to interspecific divergence, caused a strong reduction in local sequence divergence, undermining the evolution of hybrid sterility. Gene flow can therefore mediate the effects of selfish genetic elements during speciation.
Kulturskolen og kulturskolelæreryrket - fenomener i endring
Authors: Aglen Gry Sagmo
Published: December 2018

Kulturskolen har i løpet av sin eksistens vært gjennom en omfattende profesjonaliseringsprosess både faglig og organisatorisk, og kulturskolelæreryrket har endret seg som følge av denne prosessen. Kulturskolelæreryrkets utvikling medfører at det stilles nye krav ikke bare til innholdet i utdanningene som kvalifiserer til undervisning i kulturskolen, men også til dem som underviser på slike utdanninger, siden deres forståelse av kulturskolefeltet vil ha betydning for utdanningenes innhold. Gjennom kvalitative individuelle intervjuer og fokusgruppeintervjuer undersøker jeg i denne artikkelen hva slags forståelse av kulturskolen som skoleslag og kulturskolelæreryrket som finnes blant dem som underviser ved musikkpedagogiske utdanninger som kvalifiserer til undervisning i kulturskolen, samt hvilke oppfatninger disse lærerutdannerne har av hva slags utdanninger fremtidige kulturskolelærerne bør ha for å få et best mulig grunnlag for å utføre sitt virke. Datamaterialet er kodet og kategorisert i en refleksiv forståelsesramme, der profesjonsteori i hovedsak utgjør det teoretiske rammeverket.
The influence of maternal body mass index and physical activity on select cardiovascular risk factors of preadolescent Hispanic children
Authors: Alhassan Basil A. , Liu Ying , Slawson Deborah , Peterson Jonathan M. , Marrs Jo-Ann , Clark William A. , Alamian Arsham
Published: December 2018

Background

Maternal obesity and physical inactivity have been identified as correlates of overweight and obesity and physical inactivity in older preadolescents; however, no study has explored this relationship in Hispanic preadolescents. Furthermore, the relation between maternal physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) in Hispanic preadolescents has not been examined.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the associations between Hispanic mothers’ PA and body mass index (BMI) and their preadolescents’ PA, screen time, BP, and BMI.

Methods

Data of 118 mother-child (aged 2–10 years) dyads enrolled in a cross-sectional study of metabolic syndrome in Hispanic preadolescents at a community health center in Johnson City, TN were used. Parent and child questionnaires were used to ascertain mothers’ BMI and PA and preadolescents’ PA and screen time. Preadolescents’ height, weight, and BP were measured. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between child and maternal variables, adjusting for mother’s education and the child’s sex and age.

Results

Pradolescents of obese mothers were more likely than preadolescents of mothers with normal weight to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 6.47, 95% CI [1.61–26.0]). Preadolescents whose mothers did not engage in moderate PA were more likely to engage in less than three days of at least 60 min of vigorous PA per week (OR: 2.92, CI [1.18–7.24]); and have elevated BP (OR: 2.50, 95% CI [1.02–4.53]) than preadolescents whose mothers engaged in moderate PA.

Discussion

Our results show a negative relationship between maternal obesity and preadolescent PA, and a positive relationship between lower maternal PA and elevated BP and lower PA in Hispanic preadolescents. This suggests that interventions aimed at improving Hispanic preadolescents’ PA and BP may use maternal PA and maternal BMI (for preadolescent PA) as a modification strategy to improve health in Hispanic preadolescents.
Characterization of five completeCyrtodactylusmitogenome structures reveals low structural diversity and conservation of repeated sequences in the lineage
Authors: Areesirisuk Prapatsorn , Muangmai Narongrit , Kunya Kirati , Singchat Worapong , Sillapaprayoon Siwapech , Lapbenjakul Sorravis , Thapana Watcharaporn , Kantachumpoo Attachai , Baicharoen Sudarath , Rerkamnuaychoke Budsaba , Peyachoknagul Surin , Han Kyudong , Srikulnath Kornsorn
Published: December 2018

Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of fiveCyrtodactyluswere determined. Their compositions and structures were similar to most of the available gecko lizard mitogenomes as 13 protein-coding, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. The non-coding control region (CR) of almost allCyrtodactylusmitogenome structures contained a repeated sequence named the 75-bp box family, except forC. auribalteatuswhich contained the 225-bp box. Sequence similarities indicated that the 225-bp box resulted from the duplication event of 75-bp boxes, followed by homogenization and fixation inC. auribalteatus. The 75-bp box family was found in most gecko lizards with high conservation (55–75% similarities) and could form secondary structures, suggesting that this repeated sequence family played an important role under selective pressure and might involve mitogenome replication and the likelihood of rearrangements in CR. The 75-bp box family was acquired in the common ancestral genome of the gecko lizard, evolving gradually through each lineage by independent nucleotide mutation. Comparison of gecko lizard mitogenomes revealed low structural diversity with at least six types of mitochondrial gene rearrangements.Cyrtodactylusmitogenome structure showed the same gene rearrangement as found in most gecko lizards. Advanced mitogenome information will enable a better understanding of structure evolution mechanisms.
Populations and assemblages living on the edge: dung beetles responses to forests-pasture ecotones
Authors: Martínez-Falcón Ana Paola , Zurita Gustavo A. , Ortega-Martínez Ilse J. , Moreno Claudia E.
Published: December 2018

Edge effects alter insect biodiversity in several ways. However, we still have a limited understanding on simultaneous responses of ecological populations and assemblages to ecotones, especially in human modified landscapes. We analyze edge effects on dung beetle populations and assemblages between livestock pastures and native temperate forests (Juniperusand pine-oak forests (POFs)) to describe how species abundances and assemblage parameters respond to edge effects through gradients in forest-pasture ecotones. InJuniperusforest 13 species avoided the ecotones: six species showed greater abundance in forest interior and seven in pasturelands, while the other two species had a neutral response to the edge. In a different way, in POF we found five species avoiding the edge (four with greater abundance in pastures and only one in forest), two species had a neutral response, and two showed a unimodal pattern of abundance near to the edge. At the assemblage level edge effects are masked, as species richness, diversity, functional richness, functional evenness, and compositional incidence dissimilarity did not vary along forest-pasture ecotones. However, total abundance and functional divergence showed higher values in pastures in one of the two sampling localities. Also, assemblage similarity based on species’ abundance showed a peak near to the edge in POF. We propose that conservation efforts in human-managed landscapes should focus on mitigating current and delayed edge effects. Ecotone management will be crucial in livestock dominated landscapes to conserve regional biodiversity and the environmental services carried out by dung beetles.
Indicações geográficas e cooperação: aspectos valorativos para o queijo de coalho no agreste de Pernambuco
Authors: Pereira Girleno Costa , Xavier Leonardo Ferraz
Published: December 2018

A agroindústria familiar rural surge como uma alternativa na busca de novos nichos de mercado, utilizando-se da maior diversidade e diferenciação de produtos através da transformação dentro da propriedade. A construção da qualidade nos mercados e das regras que os regem, mesmo com o cumprimento das normas legais, vem de dentro do processo e com a colaboração de muitos atores. Nesse contexto, a teoria econômica das convenções é utilizada para explicar como funcionam as interações entre os produtores de queijo de coalho artesanal e os demais atores no Agreste de Pernambuco, o qual foi demarcado e encontra-se em processo de reconhecimento de Indicação Geográfica. A partir de materiais coletados por levantamentos documentais, entrevistas individuais e observações, projetou-se um corpus capaz de maximizar a variedade de sentidos acerca do queijo de coalho nos diferentes estágios da construção qualitativa. Os resultados apontam que os agentes organizados, com destaque para as instituições, compõem uma complexa rede de atores em condições de criar um produto mais sofisticado à medida que eles ativem recursos que lhes são peculiares para qualificá-lo.
Concentração econômica e desenvolvimento humano no Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Babilônia Fernando Reis , Wander Alcido Elenor
Published: December 2018

A concentração econômica em um país, estado ou município tem como uma de suas principais consequências a redução ou quase inexistência de serviços de qualidade nas áreas sociais, o que reflete diretamente no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH). O Maranhão, embora seja um estado com grande potencial econômico, vem, nos últimos anos, colocando-se nas últimas posições no ranking nacional do IDH. Entende-se que em grande medida isso é provocado pela forte concentração econômica no estado. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e mapear os municípios maranhenses com os maiores e menores PIB (Produto Interno Bruto) e IDH. Para tanto, foram levantados dados sobre PIB e IDH junto a órgãos oficiais que, posteriormente, foram inseridos no Software de cartomática Philcarto, com a classificação Jenks, visando mapear os municípios maranhenses. Os resultados mostram que a economia estadual é altamente concentrada em São Luís, capital do estado, e o IDH do Maranhão é afetado sobremaneira devido, em grande medida, à elevada concentração econômica.
Demography and Social Inequality
Authors: Fasang Anette E.
Published: December 2018

Population processes, that is, fertility, migration, and mortality, are closely intertwined with social stratification and mobility from one generation to the next. There is some indication for an emerging trend toward a stronger integration of previously more separate research communities in demography and social stratification research. The author discusses three promising avenues for future research to generate new insights into the interplay between population processes and social inequality: (i) Demographic change and political processes, (ii) Long time horizons across the life course and multiple generations, and (iii) Implications of digitalization and technological change.
Does the Winner Take it All? Increasing Inequality in Scientific Authorship
Authors: Rauhut Heiko , Winter Fabian , Johann David
Published: December 2018

Scientific authorship has become a hot topic in the social sciences. We present three avenues addressing this topic from different perspectives to illustrate in which direction research on inequalities in the context of scientific authorship and academic publications may move. We draw on data from the Web of Science focusing on the field of sociology. We demonstrate that (i) the alphabetical order of co‐authors' names sends out an ambiguous signal about the actual contributions of each team member, (ii) attention is increasingly paid to a few contributions that are widely cited, and (iii) well‐connected authors tend to work together. In short, this essay suggests a rise in authorship inequalities regarding the attention authors and their articles receive. Sociology and related social sciences are arguably developing into academic winner‐take‐all markets.