bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
microRNA–mRNA regulatory networks underlying chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD
Authors: Tasena Hataitip , Faiz Alen , Timens Wim , Noordhoek Jacobien , Hylkema Machteld N. , Gosens Reinoud , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Spira Avrum , Postma Dirkje S. , Tew Gaik W. , Grimbaldeston Michele A. , van den Berge Maarten , Heijink Irene H. , Brandsma Corry-Anke
Published: August 2018

Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is a common feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with worse prognosis and quality of life. This study aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA regulatory networks underlying CMH.

The expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA in bronchial biopsies from 63 COPD patients were associated with CMH using linear regression. Potential mRNA targets of each CMH-associated miRNA were identified using Pearson correlations. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and STRING (search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins) analysis were used to identify key genes and pathways.

20 miRNAs and 539 mRNAs were differentially expressed with CMH in COPD. The expression of 10 miRNAs was significantly correlated with the expression of one or more mRNAs. Of these, miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and the let-7 family had the highest representation of CMH-associated mRNAs among their negatively correlated predicted targets.KRASandEDN1were identified as key regulators of CMH and were negatively correlated predicted targets of miR-134-5p and let-7a-5p, let-7d-5p, and let-7f-5p, respectively. GSEA suggested involvement ofMUC5AC-related genes and several other relevant gene sets in CMH. The lower expression of miR-134-5p was confirmed in primary airway fibroblasts from COPD patients with CMH.

We identified miR-134-5p, miR-146a-5p and let-7 family, along with their potential target genes includingKRASandEDN1, as potential key miRNA–mRNA networks regulating CMH in COPD.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Reprogramming glioblastoma multiforme cells into neurons by protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhang Fan , Hallahan Dennis , Zhang Zhen , He Liming , Wu Ling-Gang , You Meng , Yang Qin
Published: August 2018

Background

Reprogramming of cancers into normal-like tissues is an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Recent reports demonstrate that defined factors can reprogram cancer cells into pluripotent stem cells. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in humans. Despite multimodal therapy, the outcome for patients with GBM is still poor. Therefore, developing novel therapeutic strategy is a critical requirement.

Methods

We have developed a novel reprogramming method that uses a conceptually unique strategy for GBM treatment. We screened a kinase inhibitor library to find which candidate inhibitors under reprogramming condition can reprogram GBM cells into neurons. The induced neurons are identified whether functional and loss of tumorigenicity.

Results

We have found that mTOR and ROCK kinase inhibitors are sufficient to reprogram GBM cells into neural-like cells and “normal” neurons. The induced neurons expressed neuron-specific proteins, generated action potentials and neurotransmitter receptor-mediated currents. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis showed that the induced neurons had a profile different from GBM cells and were similar to that of control neurons induced by established methods. In vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis assays showed that induced neurons lost their proliferation ability and tumorigenicity. Moreover, reprogramming treatment with ROCK-mTOR inhibitors prevented GBM local recurrence in mice.

Conclusion

This study indicates that ROCK and mTOR inhibitors-based reprogramming treatment prevents GBM local recurrence. Currently ROCK-mTOR inhibitors are used as anti-tumor drugs in patients, so this reprogramming strategy has significant potential to move rapidly toward clinical trials.
The Relation Between Thyroid Function and Anemia: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Wopereis Daisy M , Du Puy Robert S , van Heemst Diana , Walsh John P , Bremner Alexandra , Bakker Stephan J L , Bauer Douglas C , Cappola Anne R , Ceresini Graziano , Degryse Jean , Dullaart Robin P F , Feller Martin , Ferrucci Luigi , Floriani Carmen , Franco Oscar H , Iacoviello Massimo , Iervasi Georgio , Imaizumi Misa , Jukema J Wouter , Khaw Kay-Tee , Luben Robert N , Molinaro Sabrina , Nauck Matthias , Patel Kushang V , Peeters Robin P , Psaty Bruce M , Razvi Salman , Schindhelm Roger K , van Schoor Natasja M , Stott David J , Vaes Bert , Vanderpump Mark P J , Völzke Henry , Westendorp Rudi G J , Rodondi Nicolas , Cobbaert Christa M , Gussekloo Jacobijn , den Elzen Wendy P J ,   Thyroid Studies Collaboration
Published: August 2018

Context

Anemia and thyroid dysfunction often co-occur, and both increase with age. Human data on relationships between thyroid disease and anemia are scarce.

Objective

To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between clinical thyroid status and anemia.

Design

Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Setting

Sixteen cohorts participating in the Thyroid Studies Collaboration (n = 42,162).

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcome measure was anemia (hemoglobin <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women).

Results

Cross-sectionally, participants with abnormal thyroid status had an increased risk of having anemia compared with euthyroid participants [overt hypothyroidism, pooled OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.50), subclinical hypothyroidism 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43), subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.27 (1.03 to 1.57), and overt hyperthyroidism 1.69 (1.00 to 2.87)]. Hemoglobin levels were lower in all groups compared with participants with euthyroidism. In the longitudinal analyses (n = 25,466 from 14 cohorts), the pooled hazard ratio for the risk of development of anemia was 1.38 (95% CI 0.86 to 2.20) for overt hypothyroidism, 1.18 (1.00 to 1.38) for subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.15 (0.94 to 1.42) for subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 1.47 (0.91 to 2.38) for overt hyperthyroidism. Sensitivity analyses excluding thyroid medication or high levels of C-reactive protein yielded similar results. No differences in mean annual change in hemoglobin levels were observed between the thyroid hormone status groups.

Conclusion

Higher odds of having anemia were observed in participants with both hypothyroid function and hyperthyroid function. In addition, reduced thyroid function at baseline showed a trend of increased risk of developing anemia during follow-up. It remains to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial whether treatment is effective in reducing anemia.
Cortisol Excess in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism Impacts Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Adolf Christian , Köhler Anton , Franke Anna , Lang Katharina , Riester Anna , Löw Anja , Heinrich Daniel A , Bidlingmaier Martin , Treitl Marcus , Ladurner Roland , Beuschlein Felix , Arlt Wiebke , Reincke Martin
Published: August 2018

Context

Primary aldosteronism (PA) represents the most frequent form of endocrine hypertension. Hyperaldosteronism and hypercortisolism both induce excessive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) compared with matched essential hypertensives. In recent studies frequent cosecretion of cortisol and aldosterone has been reported in patients with PA.

Objective

Our aim was to investigate the impact of cortisol cosecretion on LVH in patients with PA. We determined 24-hour excretion of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and assessed cardiac remodeling using echocardiography initially and 1 year after initiation of treatment of PA.

Patients

We included 73 patients from the Munich center of the German Conn’s registry: 45 with unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma and 28 with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.

Results

At the time of diagnosis, 85% of patients with PA showed LVH according to left ventricular mass index [(LVMI); median 62.4 g/m2.7]. LVMI correlated positively with total glucocorticoid excretion (r2 = 0.076, P = 0.018) as well as with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion (r2 = 0.070, P = 0.024). Adrenalectomy led to significantly reduced LVMI in aldosterone-producing adenoma (P < 0.001) whereas mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in bilateral adrenal patients with hyperplasia reduced LVMI to a lesser degree (P = 0.024). In multivariate analysis, the decrease in LVMI was positively correlated with total glucocorticoid excretion and systolic 24-hour blood pressure, but not with tetrahydroaldosterone excretion.

Conclusion

Cortisol excess appears to have an additional impact on cardiac remodeling in patients with PA. Treatment of PA by either adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist improves LVMI. This effect was most pronounced in patients with high total glucocorticoid excretion.
Transcriptional and Epigenetic Changes Influencing Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Nilsson Emma , Benrick Anna , Kokosar Milana , Krook Anna , Lindgren Eva , Källman Thomas , Martis Mihaela M , Højlund Kurt , Ling Charlotte , Stener-Victorin Elisabet
Published: August 2018

Context

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite this, the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in PCOS are largely unknown.

Objective

To investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle from women with PCOS and controls and relate them to phenotypic variations.

Design/Participants

In a case-control study, skeletal muscle biopsies from women with PCOS (n = 17) and age-, weight-, and body mass index‒matched controls (n = 14) were analyzed by array-based DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling.

Results

Eighty-five unique transcripts were differentially expressed in muscle from women with PCOS vs controls, including DYRK1A, SYNPO2, SCP2, and NAMPT. Furthermore, women with PCOS had reduced expression of genes involved in immune system pathways. Two CpG sites showed differential DNA methylation after correction for multiple testing. However, an mRNA expression of ∼30% of the differentially expressed genes correlated with DNA methylation levels of CpG sites in or near the gene. Functional follow-up studies demonstrated that KLF10 is under transcriptional control of insulin, where insulin promotes glycogen accumulation in myotubes of human muscle cells. Testosterone downregulates the expression levels of COL1A1 and MAP2K6.

Conclusion

PCOS is associated with aberrant skeletal muscle gene expression with dysregulated pathways. Furthermore, we identified specific changes in muscle DNA methylation that may affect gene expression. This study showed that women with PCOS have epigenetic and transcriptional changes in skeletal muscle that, in part, can explain the metabolic abnormalities seen in these women.
Efficient genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein approach in cultured medaka fish cells
Authors: Liu Qizhi , Yuan Yongming , Zhu Feng , Hong Yunhan , Ge Ruowen
Published: August 2018

Gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful tool to study the function of target genes. Although this technology has demonstrated wide efficiency in many species including fertilized zebrafish and medaka fish embryos when microinjected, its application to achieve efficient gene editing in cultured fish cells have met some difficulty. Here, we report an efficient and reliable approach to edit genes in cultured medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish cells using pre-formed gRNA-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Both medaka fish haploid and diploid cells were transfected with the RNP complex by electroporation. Efficient gene editing was demonstrated by PCR amplification of the target gene from genomic DNA and heteroduplex mobility assay carried out with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The heteroduplex bands caused by RNP cleavage and non-homologous end joining could be readily detected by PAGE. DNA sequencing confirmed that these heteroduplex bands contains the mutated target gene sequence. The average gene editing efficiency in haploid cells reached 50%, enabling us to generate a clonal cell line with ntrk3b gene mutation for further study. This RNP transfection method also works efficiently in diploid medaka cells, with the highest mutation efficiency of 61.5%. The specificity of this synthetic RNP CRISPR/Cas9 approach was verified by candidate off-target gene sequencing. Our result indicated that transfection of pre-formed gRNA-Cas9 RNP into fish cells is efficient and reliable to edit target genes in cultured medaka fish cells. This method will be very useful for gene function studies using cultured fish cells.
Facile Preparation of a Novel Transparent Composite Film Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Atactic Polypropylene
Authors: Wang Qidong , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: August 2018

A transparent bacterial cellulose/atactic polypropylene (BC/at-PP) composite film was prepared by a very facile “sandwich” hot-press method. The resulting BC/at-PP composite film exhibited good transparency, hydrophobicity, and significantly enhanced mechanical properties, indicating its tremendous potential as transparent film for food packaging and optoelectronics applications.
The dynamic side of the Warburg effect: glycolytic intermediates as buffer for fluctuating glucose and O2 supply in tumor cells
Authors: van Beek Johannes H.G.M.
Published: August 2018

Background:Tumor cells show the Warburg effect: high glucose uptake and lactate production despite sufficient oxygen supply. Otto Warburg found this effect in tissue slices and in suspensions of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Remarkably, these ascites tumor cells can transiently take up glucose an order of magnitude faster than the steady high rate measured by Warburg for hours.

Methods:The purpose of the transiently very high glucose uptake is investigated here with a computational model of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP consumption which reproduces short kinetic experiments on the ascites tumor cells as well as the long-lasting Warburg, Crabtree and Pasteur effects. The model, extended with equations for glucose and O2 transport in tissue, is subsequently used to predict metabolism in tumor cells during fluctuations of tissue blood flow resulting in cycling hypoxia.

Results:The model analysis suggests that the head section of the glycolytic chain in the tumor cells is partially inhibited in about a minute when substantial amounts of glucose have been taken up intracellularly; this head section of the glycolytic chain is subsequently disinhibited slowly when concentrations of glycolytic intermediates are low. Based on these dynamic characteristics, simulations of tissue with fluctuating O2and glucose supply predict that tumor cells greedily take up glucose when this periodically becomes available, leaving very little for other cells. The glucose is stored as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and other glycolytic intermediates, which are used for ATP production during   O2and glucose shortages.

Conclusions:The head section of glycolysis which phosphorylates glucose may be dynamically regulated and takes up glucose at rates exceeding the Warburg effect if glucose levels have been low for some time. The hypothesis is put forward here that dynamic regulation of the powerful glycolytic enzyme system in tumors is used to buffer oxygen and nutrient fluctuations in tissue.
Embedding a user-centred approach in the development of complex behaviour change intervention to improve outcomes for young adults living with type 1 diabetes: The D1 Now Study
Authors: Walsh Deirdre M.J. , Hynes Lisa , O'Hara Mary Clare , McSharry Jenny ,   D1 Now Young Adult Panel, Dinneen Séan F. , Byrne Molly
Published: August 2018

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune condition which requires intensive self-management. Diabetes self-management is challenging, especially during young adulthood. Effective interventions to improve outcomes for young adults (18-30 year olds) with T1D are needed. This paper describes the development of the D1 Now intervention, employing a user-centred approach to engage with stakeholders in parallel with the application of theory.

Methods: Intervention development consisted of 4 phases: 1) the formation of a public and patient involvement (PPI) Young Adult Panel (YAP); 2) a systematic review to synthesise evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving outcomes for young adults with T1D; 3) understand young adults’ diabetes self-management behaviour through engagement with key stakeholders; and 4) an expert consensus meeting to discuss self-management strategies identified in Phase 1 and 3 that would form the core components of the D1 Now intervention.

Results: The YAP resulted in meaningful involvement between young adults, researchers and service providers. The systematic review highlighted a lack of quality intervention studies. Qualitative findings highlighted how young adult self-management is driven by complex interactions between external resources, which influence capability, and motivation. The expert panel in Phase 4 highlighted focus areas to improve outcomes for young adults and implementation strategies. Subsequent to these 4 phases, 3 intervention components have been identified: 1) a key worker to liaise with the young adult; 2) an online portal to facilitate relationship building between staff and young adults; and 3) an agenda setting tool to facilitate joint decision-making.

Conclusions: This study described the systematic development of an intervention underpinned by theoretical frameworks and PPI, and has identified components for the D1 Now intervention. The resulting intervention content will now be subject to an intervention optimisation process.
Assessment of health behaviors, nutritional behaviors, and self-efficacy in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Sekuła Marzena , Boniecka Iwona , Paśnik Krzysztof
Published: August 2018

Cel pracy

Celem badania była ocena nasilenia zachowań zdrowotnych i żywieniowych, dotyczących jedzenia emocjonalnego, nawykowego, stosowania restrykcji dietetycznych, określenie poczucia własnej skuteczności pacjentów z otyłością olbrzymią oraz sprawdzenie związków pomiędzy wskaźnikiem masy ciała BMI badanych pacjentów a ich zachowaniami żywieniowymi i poczuciem skuteczności.

Metoda

Badaniem objęto 37 chorych ze zdiagnozowaną otyłością II i III stopnia w wieku od 18-62 lat (M=39,94; SD=12,20). Wskaźnik masy ciała BMI badanych wynosił od 36 do 60kg/m2 (M=43,50; SD=5,36). Zastosowano narzędzia badawcze: Inwentarz Zachowań Żywieniowych (IZZ), Kwestionariusz Zachowań Związanych z Jedzeniem (KZZJ) i Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (GSES).

Wyniki

Badanie wykazało, że pacjenci z otyłością olbrzymią charakteryzowali się przeciętnym w przypadku mężczyzn (5 stenów) i niskim w przypadku kobiet (4 steny) nasileniem zachowań zdrowotnych. Badani przejawiali tendencję do nieprawidłowych zachowań żywieniowych, jedzenia emocjonalnego, nawykowego i stosowania restrykcji dietetycznych. Uogólnione poczucie własnej skuteczności GSES w badanej grupie było na poziomie od 4 do 10 stenów, a średnia na poziomie wysokim (7 stenów).

Wnioski

Chorzy z otyłością olbrzymią powinni zostać objęci szeroko rozumianą edukacją w obszarze zdrowotnym, żywieniowym oraz psychologicznym.
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum): From population genetics to functional genomics
Authors: Kumar Harshit , Panigrahi Manjit , Chhotaray Supriya , Bhanuprakash V. , Shandilya Rahul , Sonwane Arvind , Bhushan Bharat
Published: August 2018

Tribolium castaneum is a small and low maintenance beetle that has emerged as a most suitable insect model for studying developmental biology and functional genetic analysis. Diverse population genetic studies have been conducted using Tribolium as the principal model to establish basic facts and principles of inbreeding experiments and response to the selection and other quantitative genetics fundamentals. The advanced molecular genetic studies presently focused on the use of Tribolium as a typical invertebrate model for higher diploid eukaryotes. After a whole genome sequencing of Tribolium, many areas of functional genomics were unraveled, which enabled the use of it in many technical approaches of genomics. The present text reviews the use of Tribolium in techniques such as RNAi, transgenic studies, immune priming, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, gene sequencing for characterization of microRNAs, and gene editing using engineered endonuclease. In contrast to Drosophila, the T. castaneum holds a robust systemic RNAi response, which makes it an excellent model for comparative functional genetic studies.

Keywords: functional genomics, hox gene, insertional mutagenesis, RNAi, Tribolium.
Applying of Neuman’s Systems Model in the course of nursing care of a patient who has Cervical Disc Herniation treatment
Neuman Sistemler Modelinin servikal disk herni tedavisi gören bir hastanın hemşirelik bakımı sürecinde kullanılması
Authors: Eren Handan , Çalışkan Nurcan
Published: August 2018

Nursing is a professional health discipline and nursing models based on nursing theories form its scientific foundations. Neuman’s Systems Model is one of these models. The model focuses on the individual's well-being and is based on holistic nursing care. In the model, the individual is an open system interpreting the stressors he perceives. By defining these stressors, the nurse develops the defense mechanisms of the individual on the primary, secondary and tertiary level. The nurse is responsible for the planning, implementation and evaluation. The cervical disc hernia that affects life activities is helped cope with the stressors perceived by the individual receiving the diagnosis. Thus, the quality of life of the individual can be increased, the treatment process can be shortened and the cost can be reduced. In this study, the nursing care process of a patient who was diagnosed with cervical disc herniation was examined according to Neuman’s Systems Model. Person-specific, interpersonal and extrinsic stressors were identified in the direction of the obtained data, and nursing diagnoses suitable for the patient were established in the direction of stressors. As a result, it was found that the use of the model in this case was appropriate and it was suggested to be applied in other patient groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetHemşirelik profesyonel bir sağlık disiplinidir ve bilimsel bilgi kaynağını kavram,[Mh1]  kuram ve modellerden almaktadır. Neuman Sistemler Modeli bu modellerden birisidir. Model bireyin iyilik haline odaklanmakta ve bütüncül hemşirelik bakımını esas almaktadır. Modelde birey, algıladığı stresörleri yorumlayan açık sistemdir.  Hemşire bu stresörleri tanımlayarak bireyin savunma mekanizmalarını birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül düzeyde geliştirecek bakımın planlanması, uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesinden sorumludur. Günlük yaşam aktivitelerini olumsuz etkileyen servikal disk herni tanısı alan bireyin algıladığı stresörlerle başa çıkmasına yardım edilerek bireyin yaşam kalitesi artırılabilir, tedavi süreci kısaltılabilir ve maliyet azaltılabilir. Bu çalışmada servikal disk hernisi tanısı alan bir hastanın hemşirelik bakım süreci Neuman Sistemler modeline göre incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda kişiye özgü, kişiler arası ve kişi dışı stresörler belirlenmiş, stresörler doğrultusunda hastaya uygun hemşirelik tanıları konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, modelin bu olguda kullanımının uygun olduğu görülmüş, modelin etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla başka hasta gruplarında da uygulanması önerilmiştir.
Attitudes of elementary school students towards music lessons
İlköğretim öğrencilerinin müzik dersine ilişkin tutumları
Authors: Umuzdaş Serpil , Kızıklı Hamza Oruç
Published: August 2018

Aim:Determining student attitudes and, if possible, influencing them in the positive direction may bring the student closer to achieving the desired knowledge and skills. This research was initiated with the aim of measuring the attitudes of elementary school students towards music lessons. Method: The study group was 225 (female, 105, male, 120) students studying in 6th-7th-8th grades in the academic year of 2017-2018 at Ibni Sina Elementary School under the Ministry of National Education, located in the district of Turhal, Tokat province. The research is a descriptive study of students' attitudes. Umuzdaş (2012) music lesson attitude scale was applied to elementary school students in the research.Results: The data obtained were analyzed using average scores. The results of the study showed that the students' attitudes towards the music lesson were generally positive. Also, it is concluded that among the 6th, 7th and 8th grade students, 6th grade students have a higher attitude towards music lesson than the others. Conclusion: When the average scores in the study are interpreted, it is seen that the students are interested in music lessons in general terms and they care about music. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAmaç: Öğrenci tutumlarını belirleyerek, mümkünse olumlu yönde geliştirmek, öğrenciyi istendik bilgi ve beceri kazanımı sağlamasına yaklaştırabilecektir. Bu düşünceyle başlatılan araştırma, ilköğretim öğrencilerinin müzik dersine ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığın bağlı 2017–2018 eğitim- öğretim yılında Tokat ili Turhal ilçesinde bulunan İbni Sina İlköğretim okulu 6-7-8. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 225 ( kız, 105; erkek, 120 ) öğrencidir. Araştırma, öğrencilerin tutumlarını saptamaya yönelik betimsel bir araştırmadır Araştırmada, ilköğretim öğrencilerine Umuzdaş (2012) müzik dersi tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, ortalama tutum puanlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda; öğrencilerin müzik dersi tutumlarının genellikle olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca 6-7-8. Sınıflar arasında 6. sınıf öğrencilerin müzik dersine ilişkin tutumu diğerlerine göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmada ortalama puanlar yorumlandığında; öğrencilerin genel anlamda müzik dersine ilgi duyduklarını, müziği önemsediklerini görülmektedir.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIVIDEND POLICY, DEBT POLICY, INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONER, AND INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP ON THE FIRM VALUE WITH GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES AS MODERATOR VARIABLES (Study on Non-Financial Companies Listed on IDX in the Period of Years of 2012-2015)
Authors: Setiyawati Lia , Wahyudi Sugeng , Mawardi Wisnu
Published: August 2018

Tobin's q is the ratio of market value of equity plus the market value of debt to total assets. This ratio measures the value provided by financial markets for any management and organization as a growing company. Tobin's q also shows how far a company is able to create its value relative to the amount of capital invested. The greater the value of Tobin's q indicates that the company has good growth prospect. This study aimed at examining the influence of Dividend Payout Ratio (DER), Independent Commissioner (KI) and Institutional Ownership (INST) on Tobin's q with Size and Return on Investment (ROI) as control variable and Market to Book Value (MBV) as a moderating variable.The population in this study is all manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2012-2015. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 28 companies becoming the research sample. The analysis technique used in this research was multiple regression analysis using SPSS where the data, previously, had been tested using classical assumption tests like normality, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation tests.
Assessment of CYP2D6 re-activation after inhibitory effect of MDMA using tramadol as a probe
Authors: Nilchi Shahin , Behdarvand Davood , Lavasani Hoda , Rouini Mohammadreza , H. Ardakani Yalda
Published: August 2018

Background

In recent years, the use of tramadol as a probe drug for human cytochrome p450 2D6 (CYP2D6) has been investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the recovery of rat CYP2D1 enzymatic activity after mechanism-based inhibition induced by a single dose of ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and evaluation of the tramadol ability as a probe drug. CYP2D1 is orthologous in rats to human CYP2D6 and was employed in the current study.

Methods

A total of 16 male rats were selected and divided into control and treatment groups. The control group did not receive MDMA, while rats in the treatment group received a single dose of MDMA (1 mg/kg) and were subsequently divided into groups that were tested at 1 h, 10 days or 30 days post-administration. The rats were subjected to liver perfusion with Krebs-Heinslet buffer containing tramadol for 60 min and the tramadol and M1 levels were determined by HPLC-fluorescence.

Results

The enzymatic activity of CYP2D1 for the 1-h group decreased significantly when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, enzymatic activity increased non-significantly in the 10- and 30-day groups in comparison with the control group. The concentration and AUC0−60 of tramadol increased in the 1-h and 10-day groups when compared with the control group but decreased in the 30-day group; however, none of these changes was statistically significant (p>0.05). The M1 metabolic ratio in the 1-h group decreased significantly when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The M1 metabolic ratio of the 10-day group increased and of the 30-day group decreased, but neither of these changes were significant.

Conclusions

Regardless of the genotype, the enzymatic activity of rat CYP2D1 recovered by 10 days post-administration of MDMA. It appears that tramadol, irrespective of its stereoselectivity, is not able to appraise rat hepatic CYP2D1 activity. It can be extrapolated that tramadol is a not suitable probe drug for human hepatic CYP2D1 because CYP2D1 in rats is orthologous to human CYP2D6. Further animal and human studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
„Alles hängt mit allem zusammen.“ Zur Historisierung des Globalisierungsdiskurses der 1990er und 2000er Jahre
Authors: Eckel Jan
Published: August 2018

Die Geschichtswissenschaft sollte beginnen, so das Plädoyer des Aufsatzes, den Diskurs über die Globalisierung als ein historisches Produkt zu begreifen und zu erforschen. Seine Geschichte reicht bis in die frühen neunziger Jahre zurück, als sich der Begriff und die mit ihm verbundenen Denkfiguren in der Wissenschaft, den Medien und der Politik rasant auszubreiten begannen. Am Beispiel der weit verzweigten Debatte, die sich in der Bundesrepublik in den beiden Jahrzehnten um die Jahrhundertwende entspann, zeigt der Aufsatz, dass sich die Rede von der Globalisierung durchsetzte, weil sie eine mehrschichtige Attraktivität entfaltete: Sie knüpfte an lebensweltliche Erfahrungen an, die sie mit zentralen politökonomischen Entwicklungen in Verbindung setzte. Darüber hinaus ermöglichte sie die Rückkehr eines Denkens in weit ausgreifenden Prozessen und damit auch eine Rückkehr der Geschichtlichkeit. Schließlich stellte sie eine in hohem Maße sinnstiftende Synthesekategorie zur Verfügung, die als Schlüssel der Welterklärung erschien. In der Politik wiederum wurde der Globalisierungsgedanke in verschiedenen Feldern auch handlungsleitend. Vor allem diente er parteiübergreifend als eine Art Evidenzverstärker für das Argument, es bestehe dringender wirtschaftlicher und sozialstaatlicher Reformbedarf. Verortet man den Globalisierungsbegriff auf diese Weise als eine zentrale Deutungsfigur der 1990er und 2000er Jahre, so erscheint es fraglich, ob er sich als ein Terminus der geschichtswissenschaftlichen Analyse oder gar als ein Epochenbegriff eignet, als den ihn eine Reihe von Pionierstudien zur jüngsten Zeitgeschichte Deutschlands und Europas zuletzt verwendet hat. Dagegen spricht, dass sich zeitgenössische Denkmuster, wie etwa die Vorstellung eines allumfassenden Metaprozesses, in die retrospektive Beschreibung hinein verlängern.
Changes in masa and tortillas obtained from maize irradiated and nixtamalized with nejayote
Authors: Valderrama-Bravo C. , Domínguez-Pacheco F.A. , Hernández-Aguilar C. , Sánchez-Hernández G. , Pérez-Reyes C. , Contreras-Padilla M. , Rojas-González T. , Oaxaca-Luna A.
Published: August 2018

Maize grains were treated with electromagnetic fields and nixtamalized with nejayote, in order to analyze the effect of such treatments on the microbiological and viscoelastic properties of masa, and on sensory tests of tortilla. A sample of maize grains was irradiated by electromagnetic fields for 7 and 12 min.Then, following the nixtamalization with nejayote, masa and tortillas were obtained. The application of electromagnetic fields did not decrease the growth of moulds in maize grains. However, a synergistic effect of irradiation (12 min) and nixtamalization with diluted nejayote (50 water/50 whole nejayote) improved the sanitary quality of masa. Elastic and viscous moduli showed significant differences in all treatments. The masa from maize grains irradiated for 12 min showed the highest values of elastic and viscous moduli, while the masa from grains irradiated for 7 min and nixtamalized with diluted nejayote (70 water/30 whole nejayote) presented the lowest values. These results seem to indicate that the application of electromagnetic fields modifies the viscoelastic modulus of masa. Sensory tests showed that tortillas obtained from irradiated (12 min) maize grains, nixtamalized with nejayote (70 water/30 whole nejayote), had the highest score of all the attributes, i.e. texture, chewiness and taste.
Ein pseudoallel-spezifischer Suppressor bei Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Starlinger P. , Kaudewitz F.
Published: August 2018

In Salmonella typhimurium, UV-irradiation of the histidine-deficient mutant hi-31 induced a slowly growing reversion to histidine-independence. This formed colonies much smaller than wildtype. By means of transduction the newly created character “small colony” was proved to be heritable. As demonstrated by the following experiments this was due to an independant suppressor-mutation (S-31). After UV-irradiation of hi-31/S-31 a small fraction of cells forming large colonies, revealed growth-characteristics of wildtype. After transduction of small colony type cells by phages raised on wildtype the same large colonies were obtained. Expected to be of genotype hi-31+/S-31, they were used as donor for transduction of hi-31. Both, large colonies (hi-31+/S-31) and small colonies (hi-31/S-31) were isolated, which proved to be stable in further transfers.

26 histidin-requiring mutants, belonging to 4 groups, each of them characterised by the same block in histidine synthesis, were transduced with phage raised on hi-31/S-31. None of them exhibited changes of growth characteristics, resulting from the incorporation of the suppressor-gene. Thus the suppressor S-31 turned out to be pseudoallel-specific.

This result is considered as evidence that pseudoalleles of the histidine series in Salmonella typhimurium not only are units of recombination but also of function of genetic material. The differences between levels of functions exhibited by units which have been called pseudoalleles by various investigators are discussed in connection with the gene concept.
Präparative Trennung von Ribo- und Desoxyribonucleinsäure durch Papierelektrophorese
Authors: Wacker Adolf , Hartmann Dieter , Struck Hansjürgen
Published: August 2018

Es wird eine modifizierte Methode zur Darstellung von Ribonucleinsäure und Desoxyribonucleinsäure aus Bakterien und Hühnerembryonen mitgeteilt.

Die so isolierten Nucleinsäuren wurden im präparativen Maßstab in einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden papier-elektrophoretischen Apparatur getrennt.
Verhalten der antigenen und sonstigen biologischen Eigenschaften menschen- und tierpathogener Virusarten beim Behandeln mit salpetriger Säure
Authors: Restle Heinz , Hennessen Walter , Schäfer Werner
Published: August 2018

Die Inaktivierung von Poliomyelitisvirus sämtlicher drei Typen durch salpetrige Säure geht unter den verschiedenen untersuchten Bedingungen über einen relativ großen Bereich von etwa 106-107 infektiösen Einheiten/ml exponentiell vor sich. Die danach übrigbleibenden verhältnismäßig wenigen infektiösen Einheiten werden wesentlich langsamer inaktiviert. Es wird also ähnlich wie bei der Inaktivierung mit Formaldehyd ein „tailing“-Effekt beobachtet. Wird bei Präparaten des Poliomyelitisvirus die Inaktivierung mit salpetriger Säure bis zu einem Stadium durchgeführt, in dem sie nach den staatlichen Prüfungsbedingungen „unschädlich“ sind, so büßen sie ihre virusspezifische, antigene Spezifität ein. Die Herstellung einer den staatlichen Prüfungsbedingungen entsprechenden Poliomyelitis-Vakzine mit Hilfe von HNO2 ist deshalb nicht möglich.
Serologische und Immunhistologische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung des Portiokrebses
Authors: Hillemanns Hans Günther
Published: August 2018

Es wurden die biochemischen Unterschiede zwischen normalem Gewebe der Portio uteri (Plattenepithel) und Krebsgewebe (Portiocarcinom), sowie die Gesetzmäßigkeiten, unter denen sich die Cancerisierung (Oberflächencarcinom, Carcinoma in situ) vollzieht, mit serologischen und immunhistologischen Methoden untersucht. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf einem Vergleich von menschlicher Krebszelle mit seiner Mutterzelle am gleichen Organ unter Berücksichtigung des Phänomens der Organspezifität.
Pentafluorophenyl-Metal Chemistry I
Authors: Pohlmann J. L. W. , Brinckman F. E. , Tesi G. , Donadio R. E.
Published: August 2018

Pentafluorphenyl-zinn-Verbindungen können aus Organo-zinn-halogeniden, R4-nSnXn, und der Pentafluorphenyl - Grignard- Verbindung gewonnen werden. Bei der Verwendung eines hochsiedenden Lösungsmittels werden gute Ausbeuten erzielt, dennoch ist es zweckmäßig, Pentafluorphenyl-magnesiumbromid zunächst in Äthyl-äther darzustellen.

Die Zinn-Verbindungen sind an der Luft beständig und werden durch Wasser oder Äthanol nicht hydrolysiert. Starke Lewis - Säuren bewirken Spaltung: Bei der Einwirkung von Bortribromid auf Bis- (pentafluorphenyl) -di-n-butyl-zinn wurden Pentafluorphenyl-bordibromid und n-Butyl-bordibromid isoliert. Im Gegensatz dazu bleibt Tetrakis- (pentafluorphenyl) -zinn unter vergleichbaren Bedingungen unverändert.

Die Eigenschaften der beschriebenen Pentafluorphenyl-zinn-Verbindungen zeigen keine wesentlichen Abweichungen von denen der entsprechenden Phenyl-zinn-Verbindungen. Charakteristische Daten, einschließlich einiger Infrarot-Frequenzen, sind in einer Tabelle zusammengefaßt.
Metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides: IV. Translocation and metabolism of 32P-labelled Dipterex in cotton plant
Authors: Mostafa I. Y. , Hassan A. , Zayed S. M. A. D.
Published: August 2018

The uptake of 32P-labelled Dipterex by the cotton plant (Gossypium barbadense), has been studied following topical application on the leaf, as well as via root. The insecticide did not penetrate into the leaf cells, when applied topically, but is readily taken up by the root, when immersed in a solution of radioactive insecticide. Also the rate of respiration was found to increase significantly in plants treated with sublethal concentrations of Dipterex.

The metabolic fate of Dipterex within the plant tissues has been also investigated. Dimethylphosphate, monomethylphosphate and inorganic phosphate have been identified as degradation products of te insecticide.
Widerlegung der Photolyse des Wassers und Beweis der Photolyse der Kohlensäure nach Versuchen mit lebender Chlorella und den Hill-Reagentien Nitrat und K3Fe(CN)6
Authors: Warburg Otto , Krippahl Günter , Jetschmann Claus
Published: August 2018

Mit einer neuen Versuchsanordnung, mit 100-proz. „Kohlensäureeffekten“, wird gezeigt, daß die Photosynthese eine Photolyse der Kohlensäure, keine Photolyse des Wassers ist. Die dabei verwendeten Hill - Reagentien waren Nitrat oder Ferricyankalium, das Versuchsobjekt war lebende Chlorella.
Photochemistry of Polynucleotides I-Ultraviolet Photolysis of Substituted Pyrimidines
Authors: Guschlbauer Wilhelm , Favre Alain , Michelson A. M.
Published: August 2018

A survey of the quantum efficiencies of ultraviolet photolysis of a range of substituted pyrimidine nucleosides has been made. The effects of substituents are considered in terms of electronegativity and steric hindrance.
Über Kohlenoxidverbindungen des Technetiums
Authors: Hieber Walter , Lux Franz , Herget Camillo
Published: August 2018

Carbonylhalogenide des Technetiums Tc (CO) 5X (X = Cl, Br, J) geben wie diejenigen des Mangans und Rheniums mit verschiedenen Liganden L - N-Basen, Organylen des Phosphors und seiner Homologen, Isonitrilen u. a. - unter Verdrängung von CO Disubstitutions-Verbindungen Tc(CO) 3L2X. Mit Merkaptanen, Merkaptiden und Dithiocarbamiden bilden sich unter Verdrängung von CO und Halogen mehrkernige Carbonylverbindungen mit Schwefelbrücken. - Die Carbonylchloride Tc(CO)5Cl und Tc(CO) 3L2Cl lassen sich unter CO-Druck in Gegenwart von AlCl3 in kationische Kohlenoxidverbindungen [Tc(CO)6]⊕ bzw. [Tc(CO)4L2]⊕ überführen. Aus solchen disubstituierten Kohlenoxidkomplexen entstehen mit Alkalialkoholaten Carbalkoxocarbonyle Tc(CO) 3L2CO2R.

Für die Durchführung der CO-Hochdruckreaktionen wird eine spezielle Glovebox beschrieben, die ein kontaminationssicheres Arbeiten mit Technetiumcarbonylen erlaubt.
Phages-Adsorption -Test for Differentiation of Genus: Brucella
Authors: Parnas Józef , Zalichta Stefania
Published: August 2018

Brucella-phages-adsorption test on killed (70°) cells of all types of Brucella in the pure “S” phase has orientating value for determination of the Genus: “Brucella”.

Brucella abortus “S” strains are in 100% positive in this test. Brucella melitensis “S” strains are in 83% positive and in 17% weakly positive.

Brucella suis “S” strains are in 100% positive.

Brucella atypica “S” strains are mostly positive. All types of Brucella in “R” phase are negative in this test. This experiment is important from point of view of general systematics of bacteria and for the explanation of phage-specific receptors in the “S” and “R” phase.
Zur Kristallgitterstruktur der sogenannten Prolamellarkörper in Proplastiden etiolierter Bohnen
Authors: Wehrmeyer Werner
Published: August 2018

The non-concentric prolamellar bodies of proplastids isolated from etiolated bean leaves were investigated by electron microscopy. The arrangement of tubules in a number of prolamellar bodies or in parts of them follows the crystal lattice of wurtzite. This is shown by a comparative study of ultrathin sections of the prolamellar bodies and models of the (0001), (11̄02̄), (11̄00), and (11̄01) plane and of planes slightly inclined to them of the wurtzite lattice, standing at right angles to the table (112̄0). The combination of wurtzite and zincblende lattice layers is possible and probably realised.
Studien zur percutanen Resorption 32P-markierter systemischer, mindertoxischer Organophosphor-Verbindungen (OPV) beim Rind
Authors: Dedek Wolfgang , Schwarz Heinz
Published: August 2018

An Hand von in vitro-Modellversuchen an Rinderhaut wird unter Verwendung 32P-markierter Verbindungen gezeigt, daß die percutane Resorption wasserlöslicher, systemischer OPV aus Lösungen in erster Näherung wie eine Zweiphasenverteilung betrachtet werden kann. Radiochemische Untersuchungen über den Wirkstoffgehalt im Blut nach cutaner Applikation am Rind in vivo (Pour on-Verfahren), speziell von Trichlorphon und Dimethoat, bestätigen diesen Zusammenhang auch unter in vivo-Bedingungen.
Hydraulische Leitfähigkeit von Valonia utricularis / Hydraulic Conductivity of Valonia utricularis
Authors: Steudle E. , Zimmermann U.
Published: August 2018

A method is described for the simultaneous determination of rapid changes of the cell turgor pressure (hydrostatic pressure) in algal cells (cell size must be at least 3 mm in diameter), and of the net volume flow across the cell membrane arising after a change of the cell turgor pressure or of the osmotic pressure in the outside medium. On the basis of the equations of irreversible thermodynamics it is possible to calculate the hydraulic conductivity of the cell membrane from these measurements, as it is theoretically shown.

The hydraulic conductivities of the marine alga Valonia utricularis determined in two independent ways (by osmotic and hydrostatic experiments) are equal. For exosmosis, Lpex (hydrostatic) and Lpex (osmotic) amounted to (9,6 ± 1,0) ·10-7 and (9,8 ± 1,9) · 10-7 respectively cm · sec-1 · atm-1, and for endomosis, Lpen (hydrostatic) was (9,4 ± 1,1) ·10-7 cm · sec-1 · atm-1.

A polarity in the water movement across the cell membranes as discussed in the literature could not be found for Valonia utricularis.
1H- und 29Si-kernresonanzspektroskopische Charakterisierung der Anionen ⊖SiH3·n(SiH3)n / 1H and 29Si NMR Characterisation of the Anions⊖SiH3·n(SiH3)n
Authors: Bürger Hans , Eujen Reint , Marsmann Heinrich C.
Published: August 2018

KSiH3 in HMPT and monoglyme solutions has been investigated by 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopy; chemical shifts and coupling constants have been measured. The polysilyl anions H3SiSiH2
⊖, (H3Si)2SiH⊖ and (H3Si)3Si⊖ have been prepared (a) from SiH3
⊖ with excessive SiH4, (b) from SiH3
⊖ and Si3H8 and (c) from K and Si2H6 or Si3H8 in HMPT. They have been identified by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, and their structures are deduceable from the spectral data.
Über Umsilylierungen an Disilazanen / Transsilylation on Disilazanes
Authors: Mooser J. Peter , Nöth Heinrich , Tinhof Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

The transsilylation of hexamethyl- and heptamethyldisilazane as well as of Si-chlorinated methyldisilazanes by (CH3)2SiCl2, CH3SiCl3 and SiCl4 has been investigated. The reactivity of the disilazanes decreases as the number of Cl-atoms in these molecules increases. A reactivity order (CH3)2SiCl2  SiCl4 has been observed for the transsilylating agent.

The shielding of all types of CH3 groups present in the disilazanes investigated is additively dependent on the number of Cl atoms present in the molecules.
Ein Beitrag zur Reaktivität des Monohydrazids von P3N3F6 / A Contribution to the Reactivity of the Monohydrazide of P3N3F6
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Janssen Enno
Published: August 2018

P3N3F5NHNH2 reacts with P3N3F5Br to yield the symmetric hydrazide P3N3F5-NHNHP3N3F5. Compounds of the type P3N3F5NHNHC(O)CX3 and P3N3F5NHN = CX2 are readily prepared from P3N3F5NHNH2 and carbonic acid chlorides and respectively aldehydes and ketones.

The reaction product of P3N3F5NHNH2 and CH3CH2CHO gives a dimeric derivate. Its structure was proofed by molecular weight, IR- and mass spectra.
Structure and Reactivity of Aryl-cyanohydrins
Authors: Castro E. A. , Sorarrain O. M.
Published: August 2018

The relation between structure and reactivity of some aryl-cyanohydrins is discussed. The CNDO/2 method has been applied and the various energy terms of the fundamental state as well as the charge change of the carbonyl C-atom have been quantitatively analysed. The limitation of the present approach is pointed out.
Notizen: Einfluß von Fluorid-Ionen auf die lokale Ladungsverteilung von Fe3+-dotiertem VO2 / The Influence of Fluoride Ions on the Behavior of Fe3+-doped VO2
Authors: Pebler J. , Schmidt K.
Published: August 2018

With the aid of Mössbauer spectroscopy the influence of F- ions on the behavior of Fe3+ doped VO2 was studied for very low concentration of iron (x = 0.0026) between 4.2 and 600 K.
Über Tetrachlorothallate(III) und -indate(III) mit Scheelit-Struktur / Tetrachlorothallates(III) and -indates(III) of Scheelite Type Structure
Authors: Thiele Gerhard , Grunwald Bernd , Rink Werner , Breitinger Dietrich
Published: August 2018

Tetrachlorothallates MTlCl4 (M=K, Rb and NH4) crystallizing in the tetragonal CaWO4 type were obtained by crystallization from highly concentrated aqueous TlCl3 solutions containing small amounts of MCI. The structural parameters of NH4TlCl4 were determined from single-crystal data. The indates MInCL4 (M=K, Rb and NH4) are isotypic. The vibrational spectra of the tetrachlorothallates were discussed.