bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopant‐assisted direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry with argon gas
Authors: Cody Robert B. , Dane A. John
Published: May 2016

Rationale

Dopants used with Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) were examined with the Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART®) ion source operated with argon gas. Charge‐exchange and proton transfer reactions were observed by adding toluene, anisole, chlorobenzene and acetone to the DART gas stream, complementing the information obtained by helium DART.

Methods

Mass spectra were acquired with a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer equipped with a DART ion source operated with argon gas. A syringe pump was used to introduce dopants directly into the DART gas stream through deactivated fused‐silica capillary tubing. Samples including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), diesel fuel, trinitrotoluene and cannabinoids were deposited onto the sealed end of melting tube, allowed to dry, and the tube was then suspended in the dopant‐enhanced DART gas stream.

Results

PAHs could be detected as molecular ions at concentrations in the low parts‐per‐billion range by using a solution of 0.5% anisole in toluene as a dopant. Argon DART analysis of a diesel fuel sample with the same dopant mixture showed a simpler mass spectrum than obtained by using helium DART. The argon DART mass spectrum was dominated by molecular ions for aromatic compounds, whereas the helium DART mass spectrum showed both molecular ions and protonated molecules. In contrast O2– attachment DART showed saturated hydrocarbons and oxygen‐containing species. Mass spectra for trinitrotoluene with argon DART in negative‐ion mode showed a prominent [M – H]– peak, whereas conventional helium DART showed both M– and [M – H]–. Lastly, in analogy to a report in the literature using APPI, positive ions produced by argon DART ionization for delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol showed distinctive product‐ion mass spectra.

Conclusions

Dopant‐assisted argon DART operates by a mechanism that is analogous to those proposed for dopant‐assisted atmospheric‐pressure photoionization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indolo‐pyrido‐isoquinolin based alkaloid inhibits growth, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of p53‐miR34a axis
Authors: Avtanski Dimiter B. , Nagalingam Arumugam , Tomaszewski Joseph E. , Risbood Prabhakar , Difillippantonio Michael J. , Saxena Neeraj K. , Malhotra Sanjay V. , Sharma Dipali
Published: May 2016

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a critical role in suppressing cancer growth and progression and is an attractive target for the development of new targeted therapies. We synthesized several indolo‐pyrido‐isoquinolin based alkaloids to activate p53 function and examined their therapeutic efficacy using NCI‐60 screening. Here, we provide molecular evidence that one of these compounds, 11‐methoxy‐2,3,4,13‐tetrahydro‐1H‐indolo[2′,3′:3,4]pyrido[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐ylium‐bromide (termed P18 or NSC‐768219) inhibits growth and clonogenic potential of cancer cells. P18 treatment results in downregulation of mesenchymal markers and concurrent upregulation of epithelial markers as well as inhibition of migration and invasion. Experimental epithelial–mesenchymal‐transition (EMT) induced by exposure to TGFβ/TNFα is also completely reversed by P18. Importantly, P18 also inhibits mammosphere‐formation along with a reduction in the expression of stemness factors, Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. We show that P18 induces expression, phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 in cancer cells. P18‐mediated induction of p53 leads to increased nuclear localization and elevated expression of p53 target genes. Using isogenic cancer cells differing only in p53 status, we show that p53 plays an important role in P18‐mediated alteration of mesenchymal and epithelial genes, inhibition of migration and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, P18 increases miR‐34a expression in p53‐dependent manner and miR‐34a is integral for P18‐mediated inhibition of growth, invasion and mammosphere‐formation. miR‐34a mimics potentiate P18 efficacy while miR‐34a antagomirs antagonize P18. Collectively, these data provide evidence that P18 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the inhibition of growth and progression of breast cancer and p53‐miR‐34a axis is important for P18 function.
The Value of the Humanities
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

What is the value of the humanities? This is a question that guides us throughout this report as we seek conceptual clarity and credibility for practices in digital humanities, knowledge exchange, globalisation, interdisciplinarity, infrastructure and public policy In this chapter, however, we address the question head-on as we report on how humanities researchers themselves articulate the value of their work. This chapter reveals that humanists across the globe more often than not identify a social value to humanities research.
The Digital Humanities
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

In the last 25 years digital technologies have changed the humanities. The question is: by how much? Is the digital revolution transforming the humanities intellectually? Or has it just sped up processes and access in ways that are certainly faster but not essentially different? Are we asking new research questions or are we just using new tools? Furthermore, do the digital humanities require new skillsets, which could cause us to think of universities and research training in fundamentally new ways, or is it sufficient to rely on established ways? This chapter explores these questions.
Translating the Humanities
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

This chapter explores the different ways in which research’s insights and results are communicated and translated to beyond university boundaries. First we outline the flow of academic knowledge from researcher to end user. Second, we look into how this translation takes place, according to current national reports, and identify what senior academic researchers and academics in leading positions believe is happening and what they recommend. We find that the knowledge pool of the humanities is tapped in haphazard and entirely contingent ways. The way forward is to ensure that translational practices are valued and resourced adequately. The flip side of that coin is that problems of academic freedom and ethics must be addressed.
The Culture of Humanities Research
Authors: Holm Poul , Jarrick Arne , Scott Dominic
Published: May 2016

This chapter covers a cluster of issues to do with the culture of humanities research. We found broad institutional and technological changes are affecting the way the humanities operate:

Internationalisation: there are more global networks, international collaborations and funding opportunities; increasingly, research is happening outside national and regional boundaries.

Interdisciplinarity: there is an established trend for major funding bodies in Europe and the US to insist that projects be interdisciplinary, involving the collaboration of scholars from different fields.
Older adolescent presentations to a children's hospital emergency department
Authors: Batra Shweta , Ng Elaine Yu Ching , Foo Feng , Noori Omar , McCaskill Mary , Steinbeck Katharine
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To describe the characteristics, diagnoses and outcomes of older adolescents, aged 16–19 years, presenting to a paediatric ED.

Methods

A retrospective review of total ED presentations by older adolescents to a tertiary paediatric hospital between 2010 and 2012, inclusive, was undertaken to determine if behavioural or mental health problems were common.

Results

A total of 1184 ED presentations by 730 older adolescents were identified. Injury and abdominal pain were the most common complaints for presentations by older adolescents to the ED. The median length of stay in ED was 241 (range: 0–3873) min. More than 60% of the older adolescent ED presentations were triaged urgent or semi‐urgent, and 39% of all these presentations resulted in hospital admission. Two‐thirds of these older adolescents had a chronic illness, which accounted for 77% of all ED presentations by older adolescents. The history of chronic illness was considered related or relevant in the evaluation and management of over 80% of older adolescents. Of all the ED presentations by older adolescents with chronic illness, only one quarter had transition planning documentation.

Conclusions

A high prevalence of chronic illness was found in older adolescents attending the paediatric ED. There was no evidence that behavioural and mental health issues dominated. These findings reflect admission policy.
An unusual case of osteoid osteoma occurring simultaneously with an ameloblastoma: a case report
Authors: Martin L. , Kennedy G. , Thorne L. , Ayliffe P. , Speight P.M.
Published: May 2016

Dual pathology of head and neck lesions is well reported in patients with syndromes; however, only one previous case of an odontogenic tumour associated with a benign bone lesion can be found. Osteoid osteoma is a rare benign osteogenic tumour of unknown aetiology, commonly affecting the long bones of males, rarely occurring in the head and neck. This case report reviews an adolescent presenting with an ameloblastoma and an unsuspected additional bony lesion, subsequently diagnosed as osteoid osteoma. This report demonstrates not only unusual clinical presentation occurring within a non‐syndromic patient but also highlights the importance of vigilance in clinical and radiographic examination.
Modeling world Englishes from the perspective of language contact
Authors: ONYSKO ALEXANDER
Published: May 2016

Research into world Englishes has continued to expand and diversify since the publication of foundational studies in the late 1970s and early 1980s. From then on, the question of how to model the plurality of Englishes has inspired a range of answers given in different theoretical models. After tracing some of the major approaches to classifying the diversity of Englishes in the world, this paper explores the notion of language contact as an underlying mechanism for all Englishes. A model of language contact is developed, which forms the background for proposing the Language Contact Typology (LCT) of world Englishes. The LCT offers a new way of categorizing Englishes, providing an alternative framing to existing models in the field. It also bears some implications on the controversial notion of ‘native speaker’ in the world Englishes paradigm.
Effect of 5 MeV proton irradiation damage on performance of β-Ga2O3 photodetectors
Authors: Ahn Shihyun , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Ren Fan , Oh Sooyeoun , Jung Younghun , Yang Gwangseok , Kim Jihyun , Mastro Michael A. , Hite Jennifer K. , Eddy Charles R. , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: May 2016

Planar thin film β-Ga2O3 photodetectors were irradiated with 5 MeV protons at doses from 1013 to 1015 cm−2, and the resulting effects on photocurrent, responsivity, quantum efficiency, and photo-to-dark current ratio at 254 nm wavelength were measured at both 25 and 150 °C. The photocurrent increased with dose due to the introduction of damage from nonionizing energy loss by the protons. The total calculated vacancy concentration increased from 5 × 1015 to 5 × 1017 cm−3 over the dose range investigated. The dark current increased in proportion with the implant dose, leading to a decrease in the ratio of photocurrent to dark current. The photocurrent induced by 254 nm illumination increased with dose, from ∼0.3 × 10−7 A at 25 °C for a dose of 1013 cm−2 to ∼10−6 A at a dose of 1015 cm−2 at a fixed light intensity of 760 μW/cm2. The photo-to-dark current ratio decreased from ∼60 in the control samples to ∼9 after proton doses of 1015 cm−2, with corresponding external quantum efficiencies of ∼103% in control samples, ∼2 × 103% for a dose of 1013 cm−2, and 104% for a dose of 1015 cm−2. The mechanism for the increase in photocurrent is the introduction of gap states, since the dark current of the photodetectors was increased by illuminating with sub-bandgap (red or green laser light) for the proton irradiated samples.
Low frequency sound attenuation in a flow duct using a thin slow sound material
Authors: Aurégan Yves , Farooqui Maaz , Groby Jean-Philippe
Published: May 2016

A thin subwavelength material that can be flush mounted in a duct and that gives an attenuation band at low frequencies in air flow channels is presented. To decrease the material thickness, the sound is slowed in the material using folded side branch tubes. The impedance of the material is compared to the optimal value given by the Cremer condition, which can differ greatly from the air characteristic impedance. Grazing flow on this material increases the losses at the interface between the flow and the material.
Safety and Efficacy of Thrombolysis in Cervical Artery Dissection-Related Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Lin Jueying , Sun Yefei , Zhao Shanshan , Xu Junjie , Zhao Chuansheng
Published: May 2016

Background: Although thrombolysis is considered to be the first-line treatment for ischemic stroke, there remains an ongoing controversy on the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in cervical artery dissection (CAD). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess observational data related to the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in CAD-related ischemic stroke. Methods: We performed a systematic search of the efficacy of thrombolysis treatment in CAD-related ischemic stroke with appropriate observational studies identified for the study. The meta-analysis models in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software were applied to calculate the merged rates of favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2), excellent outcome (mRS 0-1), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH (SICH), mortality and recurrent stroke between thrombolysis and non-thrombolysis in CAD-related stroke. The difference of outcomes and adverse events between the 2 groups was compared by analyzing the pooled OR value and chi-square test using the software SPSS. Results: A total of 846 patients were identified from 10 studies (174 with thrombolysis; 672 with non-thrombolysis). The meta-analysis detected no significant statistical difference in the proportion of CAD-related stroke patients enjoying a favorable outcome at the 3 months' follow-up between the thrombolysis and non-thrombolysis groups (53.7 vs. 58.2%, OR 0.782, χ2 = 0.594, p > 0.05); non-thrombolysis was slightly superior than thrombolysis in terms of excellent outcome (52.4 vs. 34.4%, OR 0.489, χ2 = 9.143, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in SICH, mortality and recurrent stroke rates between the 2 groups (all p > 0.05). ICH rate was higher in the thrombolysis group of CAD-related stroke patients compared to that in the non-thrombolysis group (12.3 vs. 7.4%, OR 2.647, χ2 = 4.127, p = 0.042). Conclusion: Thrombolysis seems to be equally safe and will achieve an efficacy similar to the efficacy of non-thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to CAD. It is also as effective as thrombolysis in stroke from miscellaneous causes. Therefore, CAD patients experiencing a stroke should not be denied thrombolysis therapy. However, this will need to be confirmed in large-scale randomized studies, especially involving intravenous thrombolysis treatment.
Impact of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Index and Its Periprocedural Change (NLRΔ) for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Li Chenguang , Zhang Feng , Shen Yi , Xu Rende , Chen Zhangwei , Dai Yuxiang , Lu Hao , Chang Shufu , Qian Juying , Wang Xiangfei , Ge Junbo
Published: May 2016

We assessed the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO), as well as clinical prognosis of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients referred for elective coronary angiography for stable angina pectoris were enrolled, including a CTO (n = 160) and a non-CTO group (n = 160). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on admission and post-PCI was measured, and NLRΔ was defined as the change between the 2 values. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the value of NLRΔ (≥0.5 vs <0.5). Clinical characteristics, angiographic data, and follow-up data were recorded. Compared with the non-CTO group, the total white blood cell count, neutrophil counts, and NLR were significantly higher in the CTO group. In the NLRΔ ≥ 0.5 subgroup, the incidence of severe dissection, slow coronary flow, in-stent restenosis (ISR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was obviously higher. In multivariate analysis, NLRΔ was independently and positively associated with higher risks of ISR and MACE. The NLR could be a potential predictor of CTO, and NLRΔ is independently associated with the adverse clinical outcomes in patients who underwent PCI.
Perceptions of a campus-wide condom distribution programme: An exploratory study
Authors: Francis Diane B , Noar Seth M , Widman Laura , Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Sanchez Diana M , Garrett Kyla P
Published: May 2016

Objective:

Condom distribution programmes are an important means of preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs); yet little research has examined their perceived and actual impact on college campuses.

Design:

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Large public university in the Southeastern USA.

Method:

Approximately 2 months after a campus-wide condom distribution programme began, we utilised intercept surveys with 355 students (68% women; 43% racial/ethnic minorities) to examine their perceptions of the availability, accessibility and acceptability of condoms, and their perceptions and use of the newly installed condom dispensers.

Results:

Students perceived condoms to be available and accessible on campus after implementation of the condom dispensers. Students had heard about the dispensers from other people (36%), through social media (18%) and the campus newspaper (15%). Most students (71%) had seen the dispensers. Almost one in four students (23%) had taken a condom from the dispensers; among those who were sexually active during the 2 months that the dispensers were available, 33% had used them. More than one-third of students (37%) – and 53% of sexually active students – indicated intentions to use the dispensers in the next 6 months. Multiple regression analysis controlling for age, gender and race revealed that prior condom use, attitudes about the dispensers and comfort with the dispensers were significant predictors of sexually active students’ intentions to use the dispensers ( p < .001).

Conclusion:

Overall, results indicate that over a short time period, this condom distribution programme was successful in reaching students and providing free condoms. Implications for implementing condom distribution programmes on college campuses as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Stress-strain characterization and damage modeling of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites with vinylester matrix
Authors: Hund Jonas , Leppin Christian , Böhlke Thomas , Rothe Jan
Published: May 2016

Beyond a certain loading threshold, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites with vinylester matrix can show considerably nonlinear deformation behavior due to damage of the matrix material. To model such nonlinear deformation properties, we follow the approach of a fully anisotropic damage model suggested by Govindjee et al. (Govindjee S, Kay GJ and Simo JC. Anisotropic modelling and numerical simulation of brittle damage in concrete. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1995; 38(21): 3611–3633).

In addition, the inter-fiber fracture criterion introduced by Puck (Puck A. Festigkeitsanalyse von Faser-Matrix-Laminaten: Modelle für die Praxis. München, Germany: Hanser Fachbuchverlag, 1996) is used for the damage function that defines the damage initiation and the material strength. A particular procedure is chosen to identify the material properties to validate the model: three glass-fiber-reinforced polymer laminates with different layups are tested in tension under different loading orientations, assuming laminate theory to be reasonably well fulfilled. Finally, further experiments are compared with corresponding simulation results to demonstrate the performance of the model.
Thai Rate-Varied Vowel Length Perception and the Impact of Musical Experience
Authors: Cooper Angela , Wang Yue , Ashley Richard
Published: May 2016

Musical experience has been demonstrated to play a significant role in the perception of non-native speech contrasts. The present study examined whether or not musical experience facilitated the normalization of speaking rate in the perception of non-native phonemic vowel length contrasts. Native English musicians and non-musicians (as well as native Thai control listeners) completed identification and AX (same–different) discrimination tasks with Thai vowels contrasting in phonemic length at three speaking rates. Results revealed facilitative effects of musical experience in the perception of Thai vowel length categories. Specifically, the English musicians patterned similarly to the native Thai listeners, demonstrating higher accuracy at identifying and discriminating between-category vowel length distinctions than at discriminating within-category durational differences due to speaking rate variations. The English musicians also outperformed non-musicians at between-category vowel length discriminations across speaking rates, indicating musicians’ superiority in perceiving categorical phonemic length differences. These results suggest that musicians’ attunement to rhythmic and temporal information in music transferred to facilitating their ability to normalize contextual quantitative variations (due to speaking rate) and perceive non-native temporal phonemic contrasts.
High-flow oxygen therapy for treatment of acute migraine: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Singhal Aneesh B , Maas Matthew B , Goldstein Joshua N , Mills Brittany B , Chen David W , Ayata Cenk , Kacmarek Robert M , Topcuoglu Mehmet A
Published: May 2016

Background

Impaired oxygen utilization and cerebrovascular dysfunction are implicated in migraine. High-flow oxygen is effective in cluster headache and has shown promise in animal models of migraine, but has not been adequately studied in patients with migraine.

Methods

In this randomized, crossover-design, placebo-controlled trial, adult migraineurs self-administered high-flow oxygen or medical air at 10–15 l/min via face mask in blinded fashion starting soon after symptom onset for 30 minutes, for a total of four migraine attacks. Participants recorded the severity of headache, nausea, and visual symptoms on visual analog scales periodically up to 60 minutes.

Results

We enrolled 22 individuals (mean age 36 years, 20 women) who self-treated 64 migraine attacks (33 oxygen, 31 air). The pre-specified primary endpoint (mean decrease in pain score from baseline to 30 minutes) was 1.38 ± 1.42 in oxygen-treated and 1.22 ± 1.61 in air-treated attacks ( p = 0.674). Oxygen therapy resulted in relief (severity score 0–1) of pain (24% versus 6%, p = 0.05), nausea (42% versus 23%, p = 0.08) and visual symptoms (36% versus 7%, p = 0.004) at 60 minutes. Exploratory analysis showed that in moderately severe attacks (baseline pain score <6), pain relief was achieved in six of 13 (46%) oxygen versus one of 15 (7%) air ( p = 0.02). Gas therapy was used per protocol in 91% of attacks. There were no significant adverse events.

Conclusion

High-flow oxygen may be a feasible and safe strategy to treat acute migraine. Further studies are required to determine if this relatively inexpensive, widely available treatment can be used as an adjunct or alternative migraine therapy.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among domestic and healthcare waste handlers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Mol Marcos PG , Gonçalves Jéssica P , Silva Edvania A , Scarponi Cristiane FdO , Greco Dirceu B , Cairncross Sandy , Heller Leo
Published: May 2016

Infection with the hepatitis B and C viruses may occur through contact with infected body fluids, including injury with infected sharps. Collectors of domestic or healthcare wastes are potentially exposed to these infections. The aim of this article is to investigate the risk factors associated with the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) infection among domestic and healthcare waste workers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study of hepatitis B and C infection was conducted from November 2014 to January 2015, through blood sample collection and interviews about socio-demographic factors with 61 workers exposed to healthcare waste (‘exposed’) and 461 exposed only to domestic wastes (‘unexposed’). The prevalence of antibodies to HCV (Anti-HCV) antibodies was 3.3% in ‘exposed’ workers and 0.9% in ‘unexposed’, and of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc) was 9.8% and 5.6% in ‘exposed’ and ‘unexposed’ workers, respectively. Only 207 (44.9%) of those exposed to domestic waste and 45 (73.8%) of those handling healthcare waste were effectively immunised against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Exposures to domestic waste and to healthcare wastes were associated with similar risks of infection with HBV. The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was marginally higher among healthcare waste workers compared with domestic waste workers, probably because of needlestick accidents owing to deficient sharps management systems. Immunisation against hepatitis B and screening tests to ensure the success of vaccination should be a condition for recruitment for both groups of waste workers.
Belonging and participation in liminality: Unaccompanied children in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Kaukko Mervi , Wernesjö Ulrika
Published: May 2016

This article investigates children’s participation and sense of belonging from the perspective of unaccompanied children, based on two qualitative research projects with unaccompanied children in Sweden and Finland. The results show that the unaccompanied children’s own understanding of their participation and belonging in different positions was fluid; for instance, the borders between childhood and adulthood, and striving for independence or wanting to be cared for by adults were flexible, allowing the children’s movement within and between the categories.
Parents’ Lived Experiences During Their Children’s Radiotherapy
Authors: Gårdling Jenny , Törnqvist Erna , Edwinson Månsson Marie , Hallström Inger
Published: May 2016

Background: The aim of radiotherapy is to provide a cure and/or symptomatic relief for children with cancer. Treatment is delivered on a daily basis, 5 days per week, over the course of 5 to 35 days. Many parents find that leaving their children alone during treatment and exposing them to radiation is a challenging experience. To gain an understanding of parents’ lived experiences, 10 parents were asked to keep a diary while their children underwent radiotherapy. Methods: A descriptive inductive design with a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach was chosen to analyze the diaries. The parents were asked to write down their lived experiences while their children underwent radiotherapy. Daily notes, both short and long, were desirable. Findings: The parents described radiotherapy as a balancing act involving a constant attempt to maintain a balance between coercing and protecting their children in order to improve their children’s chances of survival. Meanwhile, the parents themselves were struggling with their own despair and feelings of powerlessness. While protecting their children, they experienced a sense of hope and felt that they had gained control. Conclusion: Parents’ daily written reflections are important for clinical practice and provide vital knowledge. Parents need support when focusing on coercing and protecting their children and help with information and routines that enable them gain control.
Long Lost
Authors: Müller Monika
Published: May 2016

In this essay, I aim to complement social identity theory (SIT) concepts of identification with insights from psychoanalysis to address three problematic aspects: (a) SIT emphasizes cognition and often neglects emotions, (b) emotions—if mentioned —are primarily positive, and (c) SIT-based concepts can be used to inspire simplified ideas of identification management. I argue that psychoanalytic insights can help us attend to these problematic aspects and help us advance our understanding of identification in organizations: they add an emotional focus on identification that can better explain strong relationships than a cognitive focus alone; they add the full range of emotions (positive to negative), which means that identification can also go along with negative emotions; and they also add a distinction between identification and narcissistic attachments that involve different motivations, dynamics, and predictive potentials. I illustrate these points in an example from Pratt and highlight implications for future research.
Policy and identity change in youth social work: From social-interventionist to neoliberal policy paradigms
Authors: Vitus Kathrine
Published: May 2016

This article analyses – by drawing on ideology critical and psychoanalytical concepts from Slavoj Žižek and Glynos et al. – how political, social and fantasmatic logics interplay and form social workers’ professional identities within two youth social work institutions that operate within different social policy paradigms: a social-interventionist paradigm in 2002 and a neoliberal paradigm in 2010.

Findings

The article shows how the current neoliberalisation of public policy permeates social work practices through fantasmatic narratives that create professional identities to heal discrepancies in and conceal the political dimension of everyday life. In one institution, within a welfare state-based ideology a compensating-including social professional identity is created in response to the young people’s alleged deficiencies; in the other institution, within a neoliberal ideology a mobilising-motivating identity is created to meet the young people’s alleged excess. In both narratives, however, the young people risk bearing the blame for the failure of the social professional project.

Applications

Fantasies in both institutions conceal how social workers’ professional identities sustain dominant ideology through dislocating uncertainties, ambiguities and ambivalences implicated in professional social work. Whether rooted in the state-based welfare or market-oriented neoliberal policy paradigms, realisation of these dynamics may expose the basic interdependencies of state, civil society and market actors implicated in the project of professional social work.
El pensamiento geográfico en la percepción de riesgos por peligros hidrometeorológicos extremos: estudio de caso Mariel, Cuba
Authors: Bayón-Martínez Pablo
Published: May 2016

Los fundamentos y avances geográficos en el análisis de la percepción de los riesgos ambientales, en tanto proceso construido social y culturalmente, ponen de manifiesto las profundas interconexiones entre los sistemas socioeconómico, político, ambiental y cultural, generados en una región o comunidad, articulando diversidad de unidades geoespaciales (ambientales). El artículo refiere estudio de caso que revela el significado del conocimiento geográfico de los entornos de vida cotidiana del sujeto (individual y colectivo), para identificación de vulnerabilidades sociogeográficas, en aras de la minimización de riesgos hidrometeorológicos extremos, lo que aporta a las metodologías de estudios (de percepción) en fase de elaboración y perfeccionamiento en Cuba. ABSTRACT The geographic fundamentals and advances in the analysis of the perception of environmental risks, in socially and culturally developed processes, evidence the deep interconnections amongst socioeconomic, political, environmental and cultural systems generated in a region or community, thus articulating the diversity of the geospatial (environmental) units. This paper refers to a case study that reveals the meaning of geographical knowledge about the environment of daily life (individual and collective) in order to identify socio-geographic vulnerabilities in order to minimize extreme hydrometeorological hazards, which helps developing methodologies of study (perception) at the preparation and improvement stage in Cuba
Evaluación de la cobertura boscosa en Costa Rica: un análisis a nivel de áreas de conservación en el año 2000
Authors: Morera-Beita Carlos , Sandoval Luis Fernando
Published: May 2016

Durante los últimos años, la geografía ha presentado un desarrollo, especialmente en aspectos ambientales, producto del crecimiento de las aplicaciones tecnológicas, lo cual ha expandido vertiginosamente el conocimiento geográfico. Dentro de los temas abordados en esta tendencia se encuentran las investigaciones sobre coberturas de la tierra, los cuales presentan un mayor detalle facilitando el monitoreo de los ecosistemas, tan relevante en estos tiempos de variabilidad y cambios climáticos acelerados. Este artículo analiza la distribución de la cobertura boscosa de Costa Rica para el año 2000, utilizando imágenes Landsat. Se evidencia la presencia de una alta proporción de la cobertura boscosa, especialmente de baja densidad que es producto de proceso acelerado de regeneración natural, especialmente en algunas regiones, lo cual se relaciona con los cambios en el modelo económico que se ha orientado al sector servicio en detrimento de las actividades agro-pastoriles así como algunos factores ecológicos que facilitan la regeneración en ecosistemas tropicales. Esta investigación evidencia una reducida superficie de la cobertura boscosa de alta densidad por región de conservación en comparación con la de baja densidad; sin embargo, prevalece la presencia de fragmentos de bosque denso con un tamaño medio relativamente alto, los cuales son adecuados para su conservación ecológica. ABSTRACT Over the past years, geography has faced a dizzying development related to environmental concerns facing today’s society. This is facilitated by the development of technological applications, which has expanded the geographical knowledge. Topics addressed within this trend include research on land use, which present detailed information and facilitate the monitoring of ecosystems, which is highly relevant in these days of accelerated climate change. This article analyzes the forest cover in Costa Rica during 2000, using Landsat images. Conservation areas as ecological regions that facilitate the analysis at this level are used in order to identify the local differences of the forest distribution. It is concluded that the country presents a high proportion of the forest cover especially of the low-density one that results from an accelerated process of natural regeneration, especially in some regions. This is related to changes in the economic model that has been oriented to the sector service to the detriment of agro-pastoral activities detriment as well as ecological factors that facilitate regeneration in tropical ecosystems. This research evidenced a reduced area of high-density forest cover by conservation region in comparison to the low-density one. However, the presence of fragments of dense forest with a medium to high surface -which are suitable for ecological conservation, prevails.
Las redes sociales como motivación para el aprendizaje: opinión de los adolescentes
Authors: Dans Álvarez de Sotomayor Isabel , Muñoz Carril Pablo César
Published: May 2016

La sociedad del conocimiento pone en valor el uso de la tecnología como factor de transformación social, siendo el ámbito educativo uno de los contextos en los que la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC) han tenido un gran calado. Bajo este prisma, en los últimos años el empleo extensivo de las redes sociales por parte del sector juvenil, así como su creciente incorporación en el ámbito escolar, han sido aspectos que no han pasado desapercibidos para el campo de la investigación. Precisamente, el presente artículo da a conocer los resultados obtenidos tras examinar la opinión de adolescentes estudiantes de 4º ESO de A Coruña sobre las redes sociales como motivación para el aprendizaje. A través de algunas preguntas recogidas en un cuestionario más amplio (aplicado a 1.144 alumnos) se ha podido trazar la percepción del alumnado, como beneficiarios de la tecnología en la enseñanza, a fin de comprobar si favorece o no el aprendizaje escolar. Para ello se realizan análisis a través de estadística descriptiva y no paramétrica utilizando variables independientes como el género, tipo de centro, edad y las calificaciones del alumnado. Las conclusiones revelan que el uso de las redes sociales en las asignaturas las haría más atractivas. Asimismo, se han detectado diferencias por género, siendo las alumnas quienes consideran en mayor medida que las redes sociales son recursos que permiten la adquisición de nuevos aprendizajes. Según el tipo de centro y edad, son los estudiantes de centros concertados y de 15 años los que consideran que un uso prolongado de estas herramientas podrían afectar a su rendimiento académico. Finalmente, no se han encontrado valores estadísticamente significativos en el contraste de los ítems del cuestionario referentes a las calificaciones del alumnado respecto a su motivación para el aprendizaje con redes sociales.
Innovando en el aula de Educación Primaria con GT 6
Authors: Marín-Díaz Verónica , Sampedro Requena Begoña Esther
Published: May 2016

Trabajar hoy en la esfera educativa supone estar a la vanguardia de todas las necesidades, recursos, demandas y ofertas que la sociedad lanza al sistema educativo. Una de esas demandas es la formación tecnológica de los estudiantes. Para ello los docentes emplean un gran número de herramientas que hagan atractivo no solo el currículo sino también la vida en las aulas. En ese espacio los videojuegos se convierten en un recurso que permite acercar la realidad social a los estudiantes, sacando la enseñanza de las aulas tradicionales a las digitales. En las siguientes páginas presentamos una propuesta de innovación docente basada en un videojuego no educativo, Gran Turismo 6. Se presentan una batería de actividades centradas en dos áreas Conocimiento del medio natural, social y cultural y Educación Física, así como los contenidos que se quieren enseñar.
Evaluation of the Causes of On‐Farm Harvest Losses in Canola in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Cavalieri Andrea , Harker K. Neil , Hall Linda M. , Willenborg Christian J. , Haile Teketel A. , Shirtliffe Steven J. , Gulden Robert H.
Published: May 2016

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is the main oilseed crop grown in the northern Great Plains (Canada). This species, however, also is associated with significant seed losses before and during harvest. To determine the factors that contribute to on‐farm harvest losses in B. napus, an extensive on‐farm survey was conducted in four regions across the northern Great Plains in 2010, 2011, and 2012. In addition to measuring on‐farm harvest losses on 310 fields, a survey questionnaire was used to collect agronomic data for each field and wind data from the nearest local weather station was used to determine wind speed during the harvest season. This study showed that total on‐farm harvest losses in canola are a complex phenomenon. This study identified that managing harvest losses in B. napus begins at the time of planting. Management factors that contributed to increased yield were linked to lower proportional B. napus harvest losses. Other factors that contributed to reduced proportional harvest losses included a fungicide application at flowering, earlier windrowing and harvest dates, lower combine harvester ground speed, and reduced windrower width. Factors considered by producers as important, such as combine manufacturer or B. napus variety did not contribute significantly to total harvest losses in this crop. Nevertheless, clear management practices were identified that can be employed to minimize on‐farm harvest losses in B. napus. A better understanding of the contributions of environmental variables to harvest losses in this species is required, particularly as interest in direct‐harvesting B. napus continues to increase in western Canada.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Daviaud Sophie
Published: May 2016

Cet article s’intéresse au processus de démobilisation des groupes paramilitaires colombiens engagé en 2003 par le gouvernement d’Alvaro Uribe Vélez et qui a abouti au désarmement de plus de 31 000 combattants début 2006. Il montre que les effets à court terme de ce processus sont indéniables (baisse générale du niveau de violence et réduction des violations des droits de l’homme). Il cherche surtout à expliquer les difficultés qui apparaissent dès maintenant et qui compromettent le processus à long terme. Différents types d’hypothèses sont explorées : « habitus guerrier » des paramilitaires qui les rendrait incapables de faire autre chose que la guerre ou encore « brutalisation » de la société colombienne. Mais l’émergence de nouveaux groupes armés et les phénomènes de recomposition d’anciens groupes s’expliquent surtout par la permanence des réseaux du narcotrafic en Colombie. Finalement, ce que révèle l’échec du processus de DDR (Désarmement, démobilisation et réinsertion) est l’irrigation de la société et du système politique par le paramilitarisme. Or, le processus de DDR a fait abstraction des structures sociales et politiques sur lesquelles s’appuie ce phénomène.
L’adieu aux armes ?
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien
Published: May 2016

Cet article propose une analyse de la démobilisation culturelle des anciens combattants de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les relations complexes de ces derniers avec les prisonniers de guerre allemands (PGA) et l’ensemble de la société française reflètent leur difficile réintégration après 1945. Trois temps permettent d’évaluer le poids des représentations de l’ennemi, le rôle des structures politiques et l’importance du contexte international dans l’évolution du jeu des acteurs. De 1944 à fin 1945, l’intervention des anciens combattants dans la gestion des PGA, en reconnaissance de leur sacrifice, garantit l’application par les autorités d’une logique de surveillance vis-à-vis d’ennemis unanimement honnis. Puis les dynamiques de déprise de guerre contribuent à l’humanisation de la figure du PGA et imposent une logique de sécurité qui associe à l’image négative du PGA celle, positive, de travailleurs pour la France. Ces évolutions déjouent la tentative des anciens combattants de rester au centre de la refondation du pays. 1947 marque un tournant dans les rapports de la société française avec les PGA, comme avec les anciens combattants. Les projets des autorités pour favoriser l’intégration des PGA bientôt libérés, acceptés désormais par l’opinion publique, provoquent des réactions contrastées chez les anciens combattants et annoncent leur marginalisation dans la société française des années 1950.
Emerging Role and Characterization of Immunometabolism: Relevance to HIV Pathogenesis, Serious Non-AIDS Events, and a Cure
Authors: Palmer Clovis S. , Henstridge Darren C. , Yu Di , Singh Amit , Balderson Brad , Duette Gabriel , Cherry Catherine L. , Anzinger Joshua J. , Ostrowski Matias , Crowe Suzanne M.
Published: May 2016

Immune cells cycle between a resting and an activated state. Their metabolism is tightly linked to their activation status and, consequently, functions. Ag recognition induces T lymphocyte activation and proliferation and acquisition of effector functions that require and depend on cellular metabolic reprogramming. Likewise, recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by monocytes and macrophages induces changes in cellular metabolism. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses manipulate the metabolism of infected cells to meet their structural and functional requirements. For example, HIV-induced changes in immune cell metabolism and redox state are associated with CD4+ T cell depletion, immune activation, and inflammation. In this review, we highlight how HIV modifies immunometabolism with potential implications for cure research and pathogenesis of comorbidities observed in HIV-infected patients, including those with virologic suppression. In addition, we highlight recently described key methods that can be applied to study the metabolic dysregulation of immune cells in disease states.
Comparação entre os Algoritmos de Busca pela Vizinhança de Von Neumann ou de Moore para Geração do Mapa de Distâncias em um Ambiente Construído
Authors: Braga Henrique Costa , Moita Gray Farias , Almeida Paulo Eduardo Maciel de
Published: May 2016

Existem vários algoritmos de busca na literatura, mas os poucos dedicados a simulações de grandes edificações geralmente carecem de maior detalhamento, e também de uma análise quantitativa dos erros gerados pela sua utilização na obtenção dos mapas de distância. Assim, este trabalho apresenta o passo-a-passo de um algoritmo de busca pathfinder especificamente apropriado para simulações em ambientes construídos, considerando duas variações do mesmo em função da vizinhança pesquisada: Von Neumann ou Moore. As duas variações do algoritmo apresentado foram computacionalmente implementadas e diversos experimentos realizados de modo a se conhecer melhor várias de suas características como o mapa de distâncias gerado e os erros inerentes. Verificou-se que o algoritmo aqui apresentado possui diversas características importantes como simplicidade lógica, funcionamento automático, independência tanto do tamanho, quanto do leiaute interno ou externo da edificação a ser pesquisada, e baixo custo computacional para uma aplicação não dinâmica. Entretanto, a variação considerando a vizinhança de Moore forneceu os melhores resultados pelo menor erro na determinação das distâncias (erro médio de + 5.8% e pontual máximo de + 7.9% nos exemplos estudados).
Descrições de programas livres e gratuitos para o ensino da Matemática
Authors: Macêdo Josué Antunes de , Almeida Samara Neves de , Voelzke Marcos Rincon
Published: May 2016

Este trabalho apresenta a análise e a catalogação de aplicativos de software matemáticos livres e gratuitos disponíveis na internet, uma breve explicação sobre eles e tipos de licenças para sua utilização no ensino e aprendizagem. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na pesquisa qualitativa. Dentre os diferentes tipos de aplicativos encontrados, pode-se destacar, na álgebra, o Winmat, que trabalha com álgebra linear, matrizes e sistemas lineares. Na geometria, o GeoGebra, que pode ser utilizado no estudo de funções, geometria plana e espacial, cálculo e álgebra. Para elaboração de gráficos, pode-se citar o Graph e o Graphequation. Com o aplicativo Graphmatica, é possível construir vários gráficos de equações matemáticas em uma mesma tela, representando equações cartesianas, paramétricas e inequações, entre outras funções. O Winplot permite ao usuário construir gráficos em duas e três dimensões de funções e equações matemáticas. Este trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar aos docentes alguns aplicativos de matemática livres e gratuitos possíveis de serem utilizados em sala de aula.