bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and phaneroptic traits of Creole goats reared in an extensive system in the dry forest of Tumbes, Peru
Authors: TEMOCHE VICTOR A. , GODOY DAVID J. , TRILLO FRITZ C. , ORTIZ NARDA , CRUZ JUANCARLOS
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Temoche VA, Godoy DJ, Trillo FC, Ortiz N, Cruz J. 2024. Morphological and phaneroptic traits of Creole goats reared in an extensive system in the dry forest of Tumbes, Peru. Biodiversitas 25: 4148-4161. This study aimed to characterize the phaneroptic and morphometric traits of Creole goats in Northwestern Peru. A total of 100 goats were evaluated for 19 phaneroptic and 24 morphometric variables, along with 15 zoometric indices. Descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to condense body index variables into uncorrelated components, potentially useful in selection programs. The feasibility of PCA was confirmed with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. Phaneroptic results revealed that most goats exhibit plain coats (53%) with mottled and patch patterns (13% each), with 60% showing horns (45% arched and 15% spiraling) and drooping ears (60%). Beards were present in 34% and wattles in 27%. Female teats tended to be divergent (74%), with 33.77% showing supernumerary teats. Morphometric indices indicated predominantly brevilinear, dolichocephalic, and mesoprosopic traits, with a convex linear pelvis. These traits highlight their suitability for meat production, demonstrated by body strength, depth, and width, indicating high potential for producing carcasses of various compactness levels. These findings provide valuable data on the adaptability and morphological diversity of Creole goats, supporting future conservation and breeding efforts.
Benefit levels in Swedish social assistance: a vignette-based study of social work professionals’ assessments
Authors: Bergmark Åke , Stranz Hugo
Published: January 2025

Swedish social assistance aims to ensure a ‘reasonable level of living’ for the least well-off in society. The benefit is, however, administered with considerable discretion on both the municipal and individual level. While numerous studies have shown substantial variations with regard to eligibility assessments, knowledge that pertains to differences in benefit levels, that is, the extent to which such variations are present and, if so, which factors co-vary with assessment outcomes, is quite scarce. This article presents analyses of generosity in eight so-called vignettes, collected among just over 1,000 social workers in 19 Swedish municipalities, including Sweden’s three major cities. Variations in generosity are analysed using multiple linear regression analysis (OLS), examining how basic social worker characteristics, professional factors and individual attitudes influence both overall generosity levels and generosity toward individual vignettes. The results show that, although variations in level of generosity are extensive, much of the difference remains unexplained. Among the significant outcomes that are identified, the fact that higher caseloads among social workers result in more generous decisions and that individual attitudes that favour more requirements and control lead to increased restrictiveness in assessments are worthy of note.
A systematic review of international literature on the gender of unpaid carers attending group-based physical activity with people with dementia
Authors: Horne Joanna , Kentzer Nichola , Smith Lee , Trott Mike , Vseteckova Jitka
Published: January 2025

Dementia affects over 55 million people worldwide, with much support provided by unpaid carers, who struggle to access leisure-time physical activities. This review investigates gender differences in engagement in group-based physical activity for people with dementia and their unpaid carers. A systematic review from inception until 1 August 2024 resulted in the inclusion of 15 studies. The review found that slightly more males than females with dementia attended the group physical activity sessions, with most carers attending being female. Further research is required to inform interventions to promote physical activity in male and female unpaid carers for people living with dementia.
On the relevance of Ulysses and the prophet Jonah as constitutional allegories
Authors: Fedeli Silvia , Forte Francesco
Published: January 2025

We examine the relevance of the stories of Ulysses and the prophet Jonah as allegories within the field of constitutional political economy, inspired by Hillman’s editorial commentary in Public Choice. The story of Jonah illustrates how a constitution imposed by a monocratic/theocratic authority, God, can lead to unforeseen negative consequences due to its rigid, monistic structure. In contrast, Ulysses’ journey beyond the Pillars of Hercules symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge and progress achieved through human capital and collective effort rather than divine intervention. As Ulysses and his sailors exemplified, the perpetual search for improvement represents the trial-and-error process necessary for constitutions based on liberal-democratic premises to adapt to a complex and evolving world.
Eat healthy, save the planet, but let minced meat save you! Marketing discourses, food practices and meat consumption legitimation
Authors: Weckroth Katri , Sutinen Ulla-Maija
Published: January 2025

This article aims to critically examine cultural discourses in food marketing from the perspective of mundane food practices and contested meat consumption. In conceptualising normativity and sociocultural contestations of consumption in practice-level performances, less attention has been paid to legitimations of (un)sustainable consumption, such as meat consumption, in marketing discourses. We take inspiration from the concept of teleoaffective formations – particularly that of promotional sustainable consumption – and adopt a critical discourse analysis method to analyse the food marketing content of Finnish grocery retailers. Our findings exemplify discursive tensions between normative ideas of food practices (effectiveness, healthiness and environmental friendliness) and practice reproduction and change. Our analysis uncovers how practices are utilised as arenas for contradictory, parallel legitimations: meat is justified as a convenient means in the fight against busy everyday life, while the shift towards ideal, reduced meat consumption is promoted. Additionally, the findings illustrate responsibilisation of the consumer as both a morally and practically conscious actor concerned about food sustainability and caring for the family. The study exemplifies how analysing discursive consumption legitimation by marketers reveals power issues in consumer culture in practice theoretical terms and elucidates sociocultural conditions for sustainability shifts in normative consumption. This article thus responds to the calls for approaching consumption in practices from a cultural and critical perspective and for extending research to the commercial sphere.
A Group Analytic Model of Parkinson’s
Authors: Vosmer Susanne
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Drawing on group analytic conceptualizations of the matrix, the social unconscious and the locus of disturbance, neuroscience, intersectionality, and relevant (research) literature, a holistic group analytic model of Parkinson’s is introduced. It explains how neuronal, relational, emotional, psychosocial, and communicational disturbance in various physiological networks and matrices result in Parkinsonian symptoms, which are exacerbated by intersecting politico-socio-economic, historical, and cultural group processes and temporal-spatial dimensions. Symptoms can be ameliorated by pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and other treatments. Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Must We Drown in the Wake? Notes on Addressing Racism at Psychoanalytic Institutes
Authors: Morgan Tracy D.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: In response to the Holmes Commission on Racial Equality in American Psychoanalysis report that tells us that “action is needed at all levels,” a series of questions and concepts are explored to discern whether activism, and particularly activism addressing racism, is possible within the field of psychoanalysis. Given the abundance of dual and asymmetrical relationships that are lived out in psychoanalytic institutes, with their strong emotional currents, power can become difficult to confront. Groups that form to address inequality within institutes can become overwhelmed by toxic projections that impact their effectiveness. A fear of being seen as immature, unprofessional, and, above all, unpsychoanalytic can destabilize and threaten those groups that seek to create change.
Ghost
Authors: Baxter Charles
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
That Pasta, and: A Man and a Woman
Authors: Alcides Rafael
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Mackinac
Authors: Balog Justin
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Alzheimer’s translation: Homophonic VI
Authors: Chertok Alex
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Tiny Broken Things
Authors: Cruz Margarita
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Proverbs
Authors: Dybek Stuart
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Extinction
Authors: Fragos Emily
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Pen
Authors: Harrison Jeffrey
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Around here
Authors: Hicok Bob
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Poem
Authors: Liu Timothy
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
rest in peace, beloveds
Authors: Gbolahan Rasaq Malik
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Poem
Authors: McIntosh Leslie
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
The World
Authors: Mörling Malena
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Linea Nigra
Authors: Sessions Alafia Nicole
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Havener
Authors: Sayers Valerie
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Birthday Poem
Authors: Sylvan Tola
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Mercy
Authors: Silber Joan
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Dart
Authors: Thumel Alison
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Ode to My Beautiful Veins
Authors: Torbatnejad Mehrnoosh
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Mean/Meant Aubade
Authors: Traynor Jessica
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Verona Rupes
Authors: West Phillip
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Malpensa
Authors: Willens Malerie
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Because It’s Yours
Authors: Bartolme Susan
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Longing
Authors: Chen Andy
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The Winter 2024–25 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the freshest voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares “the Triton among minnows.” The Winter 2024–25 Issue, edited by John Skoyles, features poetry and prose by Joan Silber, Timothy Liu, Pádraig Ó Tuama, Emily Fragos, Charles Baxter, Rasaq Malik Gbolahan, Malena Mörling, and more.
Spectropolarimetric properties of vortex retarders: erratum
Authors: James Ella E. , Anderson Isaac M. , Gregory Don A.
Published: January 2025

After publication of [Opt. Express 32, 30124 (2024)10.1364/OE.524955], the authors noticed that in Figs. 8, 10, 12, and 14, the plot labels for "Diattenuator Orientation" and "Circular Diattenu- ation" were swapped. The values displayed on the figures are correct; however, the middle subfigure should be labeled, "Circular Diattenuation," and the middle right subfigure should be labeled, "Diattenuator Orientation." This does not affect the main conclusions of the paper in any way, since the paper focuses primarily on retardance.
Emerging challenges in aquaculture: Current perspectives and human health implications
Authors: Ruben M. Oghenebrorhie , Akinsanola A. Bolanle , Okon M. Ekemini , Shitu Teslim , Jagunna I. Iretomiwa
Published: January 2025

Aquaculture, the cultivation of aquatic organisms for human consumption, has become an essential contributor to global food security. However, it faces numerous challenges that threaten its sustainability and capacity to meet the growing demand for animal protein. This review investigates these challenges, with a particular focus on environmental degradation, public health risks, and ethical dilemmas posed by genetic interventions in fish breeding. Despite the promise of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in enhancing fish production, their integration into aquaculture remains controversial due to potential risks and unresolved ethical questions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of these pressing issues and propose pathways for sustainable aquaculture development. With the global population increasing and the demand for animal protein intensifying, aquaculture holds great potential as a sustainable food source. However, its contribution to global protein demand remains minimal, projected to decline to as low as 4% in the coming decades. Furthermore, aquaculture’s environmental impact, including pollution of water bodies and ecosystem disruption, poses serious threats to biodiversity and public health. Addressing these challenges is critical for ensuring the long-term viability of aquaculture. By exploring the intersection of sustainability, ethics, and innovation, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to advance sustainable aquaculture practices. This study aims to evaluate the current state of aquaculture and identify key challenges related to environmental sustainability, public health, and ethical considerations. It seeks to explore the potential of sustainable practices and genetic interventions to address these challenges while balancing the need for increased production and societal acceptance. The ultimate goal is to offer practical recommendations for fostering a resilient and ethical aquaculture industry capable of meeting future global food demands.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, aquaculture effluent, eutrophication, food safety, genetic engineering.
Polymorphism of the prolactin gene and its association with reproductive traits in F2 local crossed chickens
Authors: Rosalinda Ega , Sasongko Heru , Maharani Dyah
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Reproductive traits are crucial for genetic improvement in chickens. Prolactin (PRL) is a gene involved in a complex hormonal network that regulates reproduction in chickens. In this study, three local chicken breeds were crossed and had been produce a second filial (F2) generation, referred to as the F2 local crossed chicken. This study aimed to evaluate reproductive traits, identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and assess genetic variation in the PRL gene of F2 local crossed chickens.

Materials and Methods: Data on reproductive traits, including body weight (BW) at first egg laying, total egg production (EP) at 90 days of age, egg weight (EW), egg length (EL), and egg width (EWd), and blood samples from 60 hens of F2 local crossed chicken (Merawang × Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan [KUB], n= 30; Murung Panggang × KUB [MP × KUB], n= 30) were collected. SNPs within PRL gene were identified using BioEdit version 7.0. Genetic diversity was calculated using Popgen 1.32. Statistical analysis of reproductive traits and its association with genotypes were assessed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 20.

Results: Crossing patterns had no significant effect on reproductive traits (p > 0.05), except for EWd (p < 0.05). Five polymorphic SNPs were identified in exon 5 of the PRL gene: 8052T>C, 8113G>C, 8187C>T, 8188G>A, and 8321C>T. Observed and expected heterozygosity range from 0.15–0.52 and 0.14–0.38, respectively. All SNPs were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium based on Chi-square test (χ2 <3.841), except for SNP 8052T>C in F2 crossing of MP × KUB. SNP 8052T>C was significantly associated with BW (p < 0.05), with TT genotype chickens showing higher BW. SNP 8187C>T was associated with EW and EL (p < 0.05), with CT genotype chickens having higher values for both traits.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the significant role of the PRL gene in influencing reproductive traits in F2 local crossed chickens. While crossing patterns showed limited impact, specific SNPs in exon 5 of the PRL gene were associated with BW, EW, and EL. The findings highlight PRL gene polymorphisms as valuable markers for improving reproductive traits in poultry breeding programs.

Keywords: local crossed chickens, polymorphism, prolactin gene, reproductive traits, single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
First study on molecular identification of Anaplasma ovis in sheep in southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Ostrovskii Alexandr , Kadyrova Madina , Yerzhanova Nurdina , Kamalova Dinara , Kassen Amirkhan , Tursunbay Nailya , Shevtsov Alexandr , Bauer Christian , Mukanov Kassym
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Anaplasmosis in small ruminants is a tick-borne infection caused mainly by the obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium Anaplasma ovis. It is usually subclinical, with persistent infection in affected animals, but acute disease can occur, particularly in young animals. The pathogen is widespread in Central Asia and neighboring regions. In Kazakhstan, the infection was first detected in 1929. However, until now, diagnosis in the country has been based on traditional microscopic examination of blood smears. There were no reliable data on the prevalence and genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. in sheep in Kazakhstan. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. infection in sheep in southern Kazakhstan, a high-risk region for tick-borne diseases, using PCR and to identify the species by sequencing.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on apparently healthy adult ewes from 77 settlements in 34 districts of Kyzylorda, Turkistan, Zhambyl, Almaty, and Jetisu, southern Kazakhstan. A total of 2553 whole blood samples collected in midsummer 2022 and 2023 were analyzed for Anaplasma spp. using polymerase chain reaction targeting the 404 bp groEL gene fragment. The amplification products from the 441 positive samples were sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences was performed using the maximum likelihood model.

Results: Overall, 1017/2553 (39.8%; 95% confidence interval: 37.9%-41.7%) ewes tested were positive for Anaplasma spp. Positive animals were found in 68/77 (88%) of the settlements from which samples were taken. The percentage of Anaplasma spp.-positive ewes varied significantly from 21.3% to 50.1% in the provinces. Altitude <500 m above sea level was identified as a risk factor for Anaplasma infection. All amplification products were identified as A. ovis through sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the groEL gene fragment sequences revealed the presence of two A. ovis genotypes; one was 100% identical to sequences from isolates from China and the other was >99.5% identical to isolates from Africa, Cyprus, and China.

Conclusion: This first molecular study revealed a widespread of A. ovis infection in adult ewes in southern Kazakhstan. Altitude <500 m was identified as a risk factor. Therefore, clinical cases associated with A. ovis are expected in this region, especially in young animals. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical and economic impact of anaplasmosis on sheep production in the country, to investigate seasonal patterns of infection, and to identify tick species or other arthropods that act as local vectors. This information is useful for developing possible control measures and evaluating their effectiveness.

Keywords: Anaplasma ovis, Kazakhstan, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, sheep.
Comparison of the sequences of the viral capsid protein 1 and viral capsid protein 2 encoded genes in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of canine parvovirus 2 in dogs
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed , Nubgan Amer , Abbas Ali Hadi
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim: Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that infects wild and domestic canines. Despite the use of a routine vaccination protocol, it is endemic in Iraq. The genetic drift of CPV-2 is a major issue worldwide because it abrogates virus control. In Iraq, there is a knowledge gap regarding the genetic sequences of asymptomatic and symptomatic CPV-2 cases. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a genetic analysis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and viral capsid protein 2 (VP2), two major capsid-encoding genes, to demonstrate the possible role of certain mutations in triggering infection.

Materials and Methods: Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (n = 100/each) were tested by a polymerase chain reaction targeting VP1 and VP2 genes.

Results: The analysis revealed numerous synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in VP1 and VP2 and in the intergenic sequence.

Conclusion: The study identified significant genetic mutations in VP1, VP2, and the intergenic regions of CPV-2 in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases in Iraq. These mutations may contribute to the virus’s ability to evade control measures such as vaccination. These findings indicate that CPV-2 polymorphisms can influence the clinical state of the disease and/or trigger infection. Understanding these genetic variations provides critical insights into CPV-2 pathogenesis and could inform improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the virus’s impact in endemic regions.

Keywords: canine parvovirus-2, capsid encoded genes, mutations.
Efficiency of the application of foliar spray of vermicompost and amino acids in growth and yield of eggplant
Authors: Al-Tufaili Aqeel , Abd A A , Al-Khazraji H A K
Published: January 2025

The experiment was conducted at the research station of the College of Agriculture/University of Kufa for the 2022 growing season. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the eggplant plant response in terms of growth and yield to foliar spray with vermicompost at three concentrations (0. 25 and 50mL L-1) and/or amino acids (Tecamin Max) at three levels (0, 1.5 and 2 mL L-1). The experiment was a factorial, completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the 50 mL L-1 of vermicompost or 2 ml L-1 of amino acids were the best treatments and led to the highest values of plant height (61.00 and 56.44 cm), number of leaves (129.8 and 123.1 leaf plant-1), number of branches (7.33 and 6.89 branch plant-1), fruit length (11.60 and 11.78 cm), fruit weight (228.00 and 238.33 g) and leaf content of carbohydrates (5.93 and 7.10 mg 100 gm-1). Except for plant height, all indicators under study increased significantly in the combination treatments between the two experimental factors compared to the individual treatments and the control treatment.
Comparison of traditional selection indices and the Multi-Trait Genotype Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) for improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
Authors: Vinoth P K , Manonmani S , Raveendran M , Sritharan N , Sudha M , Puja M , Bonipas A , Babu C
Published: January 2025

Rice is a vital cereal crop that is crucial to ensuring global food security. Developing high-yield varieties is essential to feed the growing world population. Selecting the best-performing genotypes based on genetic gain is critical for improving rice production. In this process, various selection indices help identify superior genotypes. Thus, the current study aimed to select superior genotypes through a multi-trait selection index. Among the multivariate indices, the widely used classical Smith-Hazel selection index (SI) and the multi-trait genotype ideotype index (MGIDI) were used to evaluate the studied genotypes for eleven quantitative traits simultaneously. Three scenarios were formulated namely, retaining multicollinearity (SI-1), removing multi-collinearity (SI-2) and using a path analysis-based index (SI-3) for estimating the Smith-Hazel selection index. Using these indices, maximum selection gains of 9.2% with the Smith-Hazel index and 18.5% with the MGIDI index for grain yield were predicted. Notably, genotypes K5 and H7 were selected by the Smith (SI-1, SI-2, SI-3) and MGIDI selection index at a selection intensity of 15%. This shows that these genotypes exhibited strong performance across various traits and were classified as elite, highlighting their potential to contribute significantly to future breeding programs aimed at improving grain yield along with multiple traits in rice. The selection of these genotypes makes a valuable resource for developing productive rice varieties.
Nisi paria non pugnant: argument structure alternations with lexical reciprocal verbs in Latin
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo
Published: January 2025

Lexical reciprocal verbs, defined as those verbs that inherently lexicalize a symmetric situation, e.g., consentio ‘agree’, occur in at least three distinct argument structure constructions, depending on whether their participants are expressed as a single (plural) subject, asymmetrically expressed – one as subject and the other one as oblique – or only one is overtly realized. Drawing from extensive data from a corpus of Latin texts (extracted from the LASLA corpus) and by resorting to quantitative analyses, I investigate the extent to which these three constructions are used with a sample of lexical reciprocal verbs and explore possible motivations for the alternation. Corpus data shows that a multiplicity of factors co-operate in motivating speakers’ choice of one construction over the other, pointing to the need to integrate fine-grained corpus analyses in the study of argument structure constructions and their alternations more generally.
Particle dynamics in optical tweezer systems
Authors: Wu Xinxin , Liu Yueyan , Jin Shangzhong , Yu Mingzhou
Published: January 2025

The last four decades have witnessed the flourished harvesting in optical tweezers technology, leading to the development of a number of mainstream and emerging disciplines, particularly in physico-chemical processes. In recent years, with the advancement of optical tweezers technology, the study of particle dynamics has been further developed and enhanced. This review presents an overview of the research progress in optical tweezers from the perspective of particle dynamics. It cites relevant theoretical models and mathematical formulas, delves into the principles of mechanics involved in optical tweezers technology, and analyzes the coupling of the particle force field to the optical field in a continuous medium. Through a review of the open literature, this paper highlights historical advances in research on the dynamical behavior of particles since the invention of optical tweezers, including diffusion, aggregation, collisions, and fluid motion. Furthermore, it shows some specific research cases and experimental results in recent years to demonstrate the practical application effects of the combination of particle dynamics and optical tweezers technology in several fields. Finally, it discusses the challenges and constraints facing the field of combining particle technology with optical tweezers technology and prospects potential future research directions and improvements.
Levels of criminal legal policy in the sphere of responsibility for unfinished criminal activity
Authors: Savchuk V.A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the levels of criminal law policy in the field of responsibility for unfinished criminal activity. The author examines various approaches to classifying these levels, particularly the concepts proposed by P.L. Fris and I.V. Kozych. The paper provides a detailed description of the doctrinal (conceptual), programmatic, legislative, scientific, law-enforcement, and law-application levels of criminal law policy. Special attention is given to the scientific level, which includes the development of concepts and analysis of criminal law policy issues from a scientific perspective.The author offers his own remarks on certain levels. A significant contribution of the author is the proposal to distinguish a separate academic level of criminal law policy. This level is associated with the preparation of future lawyers in higher education institutions and the formation of their understanding of the correct relationship between the goals, objectives, and means of law enforcement activities. The author argues for the necessity of introducing relevant educational components in the training of specialists in the field of law and law enforcement.The article also draws attention to the Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Reforming Law Enforcement Agencies, which defines consistent criminal policy as a strategic priority. The author emphasizes the importance of developing the capacity of the law enforcement system and the prosecutor’s office to participate in the formation of criminal policy and monitoring its implementation.The paper concludes by highlighting the need for proper training of specialists who will not only have knowledge about the formation of criminal policy, its planning and monitoring but also possess sufficient skills for such activities. This underscores the importance of the proposed academic level in the overall structure of criminal law policy.
The Intersection of Literature and Da'wah: Reflections of The Third-World Muslim Society in V.S. Naipaul's Beyond Belief Islamic Excursions Among The Converted Peoples
Authors: Nurholis Nurholis , Asy Syamil Muhammad Fikri
Published: January 2025

This study examines the communities in four countries—Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, and Malaysia in Beyond Belief: Islamic Excursions Among the Converted Peoples, which portrays Muslim Through the character of "I," who evolves into an authoritative narrator, Naipaul seeks to justify the representations in the narrative as reflections of his own perspective. Despite the often negative depictions of Muslim societies in these countries, Naipaul aims to document aspects of the Muslim community that have remained unrecorded. His efforts to make Islam 'readable' are evident throughout the work, yet they evoke a sense of powerlessness among those subjected to such portrayals, who are unable to voice their own narratives. From a da’wah studies perspective, the implications of this research lie in critically assessing external narratives that marginalize Muslim voices. By deconstructing these representations, this study highlights the importance of reclaiming an authentic Islamic identity and countering misrepresentations. Furthermore, it invites reflection on how da’wah can respond to external narratives, promoting a more accurate and fair understanding of Islam in a fragmented global society.
Respectful Culture as a Model for Gurèe Communication and Da’wah Implementation in Dayah Bireuen Regency
Authors: Azizi Muhammad Abrar , Abdullah Abdullah , Rubino Rubino
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the application of the gurèe communication model in building a culture of takzim for students in Bireuen Regency, Aceh Province. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data collection process was carried out using documentation study tools, observation, field notes, and interviews involving gurèe and dayah students who are involved in gurèe communication. This research involved three dayah in Bireuen Regency as research locations. The research results show that gurèe communication plays an important role in building a culture of respect among dayah students. The gurèe communication model involves a close relationship between the gurèe and the santri, who serve as role models and spiritual guides for the santri. The culture of takzim is the result of the application of the gurèe communication model among dayah students. This culture includes respect for the gurèe, politeness in speaking, humility, and obedience to religious rules and values. The implication of this research is that the gurèe communication model plays an important role in shaping the takzim culture among dayah students. Through communication filled with respect, politeness, and adherence to religious values, the messages conveyed by the gurèe can be well-received and implemented by the santri. This strengthens the bond between the gurèe and the santri and maintains the originality of the message that supports the creation of a sustainable culture of respect in Bireuen Regency.
The Role and Da’wah Strategies of Islamic Religious Counselors in Enhancing the Religiosity of Women at the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly
Authors: Hidayat Aceng Nur , Purwandari Elce , Putri Depi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the role and dakwah strategies of Islamic religious counselors in enhancing the religiosity of women in the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly. The research focuses on how religious counselors utilize various methods of da'wah to educate, guide, and strengthen the understanding and practice of Islamic teachings among women. A qualitative approach was employed in this study, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The main informants in this research were religious counselors, while key and additional informants included taklim assembly participants, administrators, and local religious leaders. The findings reveal that religious counselors play a central role in motivating and guiding women to better understand and practice Islamic teachings through various da'wah methods, such as lectures, memorization, question-and-answer sessions, and personal mentoring. These regular and intensive da'wah strategies have proven to improve the religiosity of women, strengthen social bonds among the congregation, and enhance the quality of their worship. Additionally, support from families, local government, and religious leaders plays a significant role in facilitating the work of religious counselors. However, challenges such as weather conditions and psychological factors of the congregation need to be addressed to further enhance the effectiveness of da'wah. The implications of this study suggest that well-planned and continuous da'wah can have a significant impact on creating a more religious community, especially among the women of the Al-Hidayah Taklim Assembly.