bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study of Phenothiazine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: V. Prema , A. Meena , N. Ramalakshmi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects learning,
memory and behavioral turbulence in elderly patients. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors act
as anti-Alzheimer’s agents. Phenothiazine derivatives are considered momentous anti-Alzheimer’s
agents because of their AChE inhibitory activity. The elevated levels and increased expression of
this protein have been associated with Alzheimer's disease. Coumarin-fused phenothiazines have
emerged as significant anti-Alzheimer's agents due to their notable receptor inhibitory activity.

Objective:

Some unique phenothiazine analogs were designed, and computational studies were
conducted to explore their inhibitory activity against the AChE enzyme (PDB id: 4EY7) by using
the Schrodinger suite-2019-4.

Methods:

Docking studies were conducted by using the Glide module; binding free energies were
calculated by means of the Prime MM-GBSA module, and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation
was performed by using the Desmond module of the Schrodinger suite. Glide scores were used to
find out the binding affinity of the ligands with the target 4EY7.

Results:

The compounds exhibited enhanced hydrophobic interactions and formed hydrogen bonds,
effectively impeding Acetylcholinesterase. The Glide scores for the compounds ranged from -13.4237
to -8.43439, surpassing the standard (Donepezil) with a score of -16.9898. Interestingly, a positive
value was obtained for the MM-GBSA binding of the potent inhibitor. To gain insights into the dynamic
behavior of the protein A8, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed.

Conclusion:

Based on the results, the study concludes that phenothiazine derivatives show promise
as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Compounds with notable Glide scores are poised to exhibit significant
anti-Alzheimer's activity, suggesting their potential therapeutic efficacy. Further in vitro
and in vivo investigations are warranted to validate and explore the therapeutic potentials of these
compounds.
Türkiye'de Aile Hekimlerinin Çalışan Sağlığı ve Meslek Hastalıklarına Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özceylan Gökmen , Kolcu Giray , Coşkun Beyan Ayşe
Published: May 2024

Giriş: Aile hekimlerinin çalışan sağlığı ve meslek hastalıkları hakkındaki tutumlarını birçok faktör etkilemektedir. Bu faktörlerin en önemlilerinden biri, aile hekimlerinin meslek hastalıklarına ve çalışan sağlığına yönelik bilgi düzeyleri ve farkındalıklarıdır. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’deki aile hekimlerinin çalışan sağlığı ve meslek hastalığına yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin, eğitimlerinin ve tutumlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Çalışma nicel araştırma deseninde kesitsel tanımlayıcı bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak “Hekimler için Çalışan Sağlığı ve Meslek Hastalıklarına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” puanı belirlendi. Bağımsız değişken olarak ise; yaş, cinsiyet, aile hekimliğinde çalışma süresi, bölgesel dağılım, uzmanlık durumu, işyeri hekimliği sertifikasına sahip olma ve aktif işyeri hekimliği yapma durumu olarak belirlendi. Katılımcılar bölgelerdeki aile hekimleri içerisinden “tabakalı rastgele örneklem” yöntemi ile belirlendi (n=379). Araştırmanın istatistiksel analizleri için Jamovi, SPSS ve JASP yazılımları kullanıldı. Tanımlayıcı veriler için ortalama ve frekans dağılımları hesaplandı. Gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmalar korelasyon analizleri, t-testi ve ANOVA testleri ile gerçekleştirildi. Bu analizlerin sonuçları p<0,05 anlam düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Aile hekimlerinin %33,8’i (n=128) aile hekimliği uzmanıydı. %38,8’nin (n=147) işyeri hekimliği sertifikası vardı. Katılanların sadece %24,5’i (n=93) aktif olarak işyeri hekimliği yapıyordu. Çalışmada aile hekimleri ve aile hekimliği uzmanlarının çalışan sağlığı ve meslek hastalıklarına yönelik tutumlarının cinsiyetten, yaştan ve aile hekimi olarak çalışma sürelerinden, çalışma bölgelerinden bağımsız olduğu tespit edildi (p>0,05). Sertifika sahibi olanların ve aktif işyeri hekimliği yapanların ölçek genel toplam puan ortalamaları anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,006, p<0,001). Pratisyen hekim olup aile hekimliği yapanların, aile hekimliği uzmanı olup aile hekimliği yapanlara ölçek ortalama puanları anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p=0,046).
Sonuç: Türkiye’de aile hekimlerinin yaklaşık dörtte üçü işyeri hekimliği yapmamaktadır. Aktif işyeri hekimliği yapan aile hekimlerinin ölçek puanları daha yüksekti. Sanayi bölgelerinde çalışan aile hekimlerinin ölçek puanlarının farklılık göstermediği, aile hekimliği uzmanlarının pratisyen hekim olarak çalışan aile hekimlerinden ölçek puanları daha düşüktü.
İZMİR İLİNDEKİ AİLE HEKİMLİĞİ ASİSTANLARININ OBSTRÜKTİF UYKU APNE SENDROMU HAKKINDA BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE FARKINDALIKLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Gökçe Bahar Berna , Tuncer Özge
Published: May 2024

Amaç: Toplumda oldukça sık görülen Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu’nun (OUAS) risk faktörlerinin bilinmesi, klinik bulguların ve riskli bireylerin tanınması, eşlik eden hastalıklar ve komplikasyonların erken tanınması oldukça önemlidir. Birçok uzmanlık dalını ilgilendiren OUAS, bu nedenle birinci basamakta aile hekimleri arasında farkındalık gerektiren önemli bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İzmir ilindeki aile hekimliği asistanlarının OUAS hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi ve farkındalıklarını incelemek ve bu farkındalığı arttırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel, analitik, tanımlayıcı, ulusal, tek merkezli anket çalışmasıdır. Araştırma yeri İzmir ili, araştırma evreni İzmir ilindeki tüm aile hekimliği asistanlarıdır. İzmir ilinde araştırma yapıldığı dönem içinde 386 aile hekimliği asistanı bulunmaktaydı. Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 337 katılımcıya ulaşıldı. Literatür taranarak hazırlanan; sosyodemografik verileri içeren 11 soru ve OUAS hakkında bilgi düzeyi ölçmeyi hedefleyen 25 soru olmak üzere toplam 36 adet sorudan oluşan anket formu hazırlandı.
Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yaş ortalaması 29,2±4,6 yaştır. Katılımcıların %60,5’i kadındır. Asistan hekimler; asistanlıkta ortalama 2,0±0,8 yılındadırlar. Hekimlerin bilgi düzeyleri ortalaması 18,28±3,21 puan olarak hesaplanmıştır. Katılımcı hekimlerin % 96,1’i bilgi düzeyi sorularının yarısından fazlasını doğru yanıtlamıştır. Hastalarında daha önce OUAS’tan şüphelenen asistan hekimlerin; OUAS bilgi düzeyleri, şüphelenmeyenlere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,001).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda elde edilen sonuçlara göre aile hekimliği asistanlarının obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin istenilen düzeyde olmadığı söylenebilir. OUAS’a yönelik farkındalığı ve bilgi düzeyini artırmak amacı ile aile hekimlerine belirli aralıklar ile eğitimlerin yapılması, toplumda yaygın görülen OUAS’ın erken evrede tanınmasını sağlayacağı ve tedavi gecikmesinin önleneceği kanaatindeyiz.
Linguistics incivility in student: Lecturer communication on WhatsApp
Authors: Rohali Rohali , Tobing Roswita Lumban , Perdi Rahayu Siti
Published: May 2024

This research aims to identify (1) strategies of linguistic incivility used in student-lecturer communication, and (2) the aspects of speech acts used that represent linguistic incivility. The research analyzed data from six WhatsApp groups that include students and lecturers. The distributional method was used to analyze linguistic incivility representations and the identity method to analyze linguistic incivility strategies. The results demonstrated that the incivility strategies used include (1) respecting other people's time (34%), (2) asserting oneself (19%), (3) refraining from idle complaints (16%), (4) speaking kindly (9%), (5) listening (6%), (6) respecting even a subtle "no" (6%), (7) respecting others' opinions (6%), and (8) not shifting responsibility and blame (3%). Furthermore, students violated the rules of linguistic civility by these actions: initiating conversations without greetings, using excessive words, expressing personal complaints, conveying opinions impolitely, and shifting blame. Recognizing the importance of linguistic civility in student-lecturer communication is crucial for fostering respectful and productive interactions.
Insights Derived From Text-Based Digital Media, in Relation to Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Using Data Analysis and Machine Learning: Systematic Review
Authors: Sweeney Colm , Ennis Edel , Mulvenna Maurice D , Bond Raymond , O'Neill Siobhan
Published: May 2024

Background

Text-based digital media platforms have revolutionized communication and information sharing, providing valuable access to knowledge and understanding in the fields of mental health and suicide prevention.

Objective

This systematic review aimed to determine how machine learning and data analysis can be applied to text-based digital media data to understand mental health and aid suicide prevention.

Methods

A systematic review of research papers from the following major electronic databases was conducted: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase (via MEDLINE), and PsycINFO (via MEDLINE). The database search was supplemented by a hand search using Google Scholar.

Results

Overall, 19 studies were included, with five major themes as to how data analysis and machine learning techniques could be applied: (1) as predictors of personal mental health, (2) to understand how personal mental health and suicidal behavior are communicated, (3) to detect mental disorders and suicidal risk, (4) to identify help seeking for mental health difficulties, and (5) to determine the efficacy of interventions to support mental well-being.

Conclusions

Our findings show that data analysis and machine learning can be used to gain valuable insights, such as the following: web-based conversations relating to depression vary among different ethnic groups, teenagers engage in a web-based conversation about suicide more often than adults, and people seeking support in web-based mental health communities feel better after receiving online support. Digital tools and mental health apps are being used successfully to manage mental health, particularly through the COVID-19 epidemic, during which analysis has revealed that there was increased anxiety and depression, and web-based communities played a part in reducing isolation during the pandemic. Predictive analytics were also shown to have potential, and virtual reality shows promising results in the delivery of preventive or curative care. Future research efforts could center on optimizing algorithms to enhance the potential of text-based digital media analysis in mental health and suicide prevention. In addressing depression, a crucial step involves identifying the factors that contribute to happiness and using machine learning to forecast these sources of happiness. This could extend to understanding how various activities result in improved happiness across different socioeconomic groups. Using insights gathered from such data analysis and machine learning, there is an opportunity to craft digital interventions, such as chatbots, designed to provide support and address mental health challenges and suicide prevention.
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Suicidal Thinking in Adolescents by Derivation and Validation in 3 Independent Worldwide Cohorts: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Kim Hyejun , Son Yejun , Lee Hojae , Kang Jiseung , Hammoodi Ahmed , Choi Yujin , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Hayeon , Fond Guillaume , Boyer Laurent , Kwon Rosie , Woo Selin , Yon Dong Keon
Published: May 2024

Background

Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among adolescents and is associated with clusters of suicides. Despite numerous studies on this preventable cause of death, the focus has primarily been on single nations and traditional statistical methods.

Objective

This study aims to develop a predictive model for adolescent suicidal thinking using multinational data sets and machine learning (ML).

Methods

We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 566,875 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years and conducted external validation using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey with 103,874 adolescents and Norway’s University National General Survey with 19,574 adolescents. Several tree-based ML models were developed, and feature importance and Shapley additive explanations values were analyzed to identify risk factors for adolescent suicidal thinking.

Results

When trained on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data from South Korea with a 95% CI, the XGBoost model reported an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 90.06% (95% CI 89.97-90.16), displaying superior performance compared to other models. For external validation using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from the United States and the University National General Survey from Norway, the XGBoost model achieved AUROCs of 83.09% and 81.27%, respectively. Across all data sets, XGBoost consistently outperformed the other models with the highest AUROC score, and was selected as the optimal model. In terms of predictors of suicidal thinking, feelings of sadness and despair were the most influential, accounting for 57.4% of the impact, followed by stress status at 19.8%. This was followed by age (5.7%), household income (4%), academic achievement (3.4%), sex (2.1%), and others, which contributed less than 2% each.

Conclusions

This study used ML by integrating diverse data sets from 3 countries to address adolescent suicide. The findings highlight the important role of emotional health indicators in predicting suicidal thinking among adolescents. Specifically, sadness and despair were identified as the most significant predictors, followed by stressful conditions and age. These findings emphasize the critical need for early diagnosis and prevention of mental health issues during adolescence.
Portopulmonary hypertension: peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Chooklin S.M. , Chuklin S.S. , Posivnych M.M. , Krystopchuk S.A.
Published: May 2024

Portopulmonary hypertension is defined as the development of pulmonary hypertension secondary to portal one. Its exact prevalence is difficult to determine due to the lack of routine screening in patients with portal hypertension. Hemodynamic changes associated with portal hypertension, including the hyperdynamic state, portosystemic shunts, and splanchnic vasodilation, cause significant disturbances in the pulmonary vasculature and play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Without treatment, portopulmonary hypertension leads to progressive right ventricular failure with a poor prognosis. Although Doppler echocardiography is the best initial screening tool for symptomatic patients and candidates for liver transplant, right heart catheterization remains the gold standard for disease diagnosis. Treatment of patients with portopulmonary hypertension is aimed at improving cardiac function, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance, and optimizing functional capacity. Pulmonary hypertension-specific therapy, which includes prostacyclin and its receptor agonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and guanylate cyclase stimulators, plays a key role in the treatment of patients with portopulmonary hypertension. Small uncontrolled and recent single randomized controlled trials have reported promising results of vasodilator therapy in terms of clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients, allowing certain patients to undergo liver transplantation. This review discusses the epidemiology, approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients with portopulmonary hypertension. We used MEDLINE database on the PubMed platform and the Cochrane library to search for literature sources using the keywords: portopulmonary hypertension, portal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary complications.
Consecuencias del delito: los sustitutivos de la prisión y la reparación del daño
Authors: García Ramírez Sergio
Published: May 2024

Número 107Mayo - Agosto 2003Nueva Serie Año XXXVIISSN 0041 8633 CONSECUENCIAS DEL DELITO: LOS SUSTITUTIVOS DE LA PRISIÓN Y LA REPARACIÓN DEL DAÑO * Sergio GARCÍA RAMÍREZ** Este ensayo analiza los sustitutivos de la prisión y la reparación del daño, regulados por el nuevo Código Penal para el Distrito Federal de 2002. Inicia con un repaso histórico de los sustitutivos penales contemplados por el Código Penal federal y distrital de 1931 y las reformas que en esta materia se realizaron en 1983, 1991, 1993, 1996 y 1999. Posteriormente, traza un marco general de los sustitutivos de la prisión y explica las desventajas que se derivan de los requerimientos cualitativos y cuantitativos para que proceda la sustitución, conforme a lo que establece el nuevo Código Penal para el Distrito Federal de 2002. Finalmente, expone la regulación de las sanciones pecuniarias por el nuevo código distrital, entre las que se encuentran la reparación del daño y la sanción económica. Palabras clave: pena, reparación, daño, sanción económica, procedimiento penal. *Una síntesis de este trabajo sirvió para la exposición del tema en las Terceras Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal (Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM, México, junio de 2002), dedicadas al examen del Código Penal distrital de 2002, Las Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal han sido organizadas anualmente por el Área Penal del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM. Las Primeras Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal se realizaron del 3 al 5 de octubre de 2000; de ellas existe una memoria: García Ramírez, Sergio y Vargas Casillas, Leticia A. (coords.), Las reformas penales de los últimos años en México (1995-2000), México, UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, 2001. Las Segundas Jornadas sobre Justicia Penal se llevaron a cabo del 14 al 16 de noviembre de 2001; se encuentra en prensa la correspondiente memoria. Las terceras jornadas se desarrollaron del 24 al 27 de junio de 2002. **Investigador del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
La acción de inconstitucionalidad como control abstracto de conflictos normativos
Authors: Huerta Ochoa Carla
Published: May 2024

Número 108Septiembre - Diciembre 2003Nueva Serie Año XXXVIISSN 0041 8633 LA ACCIÓN DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDAD COMO CONTROL ABSTRACTO DE CONFLICTOS NORMATIVOS Carla HUERTA OCHOA*Las formas de control de la constitucionalidad se analizan en el presente artículo con el fin de identificar en un sistema jurídico los medios de control abstracto que tienen por objeto resolver los posibles conflictos entre normas, y que sirven para depurar el sistema jurídico. Más que analizar la acción de inconstitucionalidad prevista en el derecho mexicano como procedimiento, se pretende revisar su función y alcance como medio para resolver conflictos normativos en abstracto. Los conflictos entre normas representan para los órganos aplicadores un problema grave que se produce con frecuencia en un ámbito más amplio que el de la contradicción lógica, de ahí la relevancia de aceptar la exis-tencia de otras formas de incompatibilidad entre las normas. Palabras clave: conflicto normativo, acción de inconstitucionalidad, control abstracto. *Investigadora del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM. * Nota: Debido que la traducción es automática podrá ser inexacta o contener errores.
Med-Tech-AI: Exploring Artificial Intelligence for Enhanced Healthcare Research
Authors: Dantre Soumya
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This paper explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to revolutionize healthcare research through the MedTech-AI project. The project investigates the development and evaluation of AI models for medical image analysis, aiming for improved disease detection and classification. It examines the potential of AI-powered clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to assist healthcare professionals. Additionally, the project explores Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for extracting valuable insights from unstructured healthcare data like electronic health records and medical literature. Finally, the paper investigates the use of AI for predictive analytics in disease prevention, identifying risk factors and informing preventative measures. By examining these areas, the Med-Tech-AI project establishes a foundation for understanding how AI can enhance healthcare research, potentially leading to improved healthcare efficiency, accuracy, and ultimately, better patient outcomes
The Role of Zakat, Infaq and Shadaqah in Indonesia’s Economic Growth: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Safitri Fajrin Intan , Maski Ghozali , Noor Iswan , Kuncoro Ardhika Wahyu
Published: May 2024

The nexus between economic growth and national income is very critical driven by the nation’s growth performance and its citizens’ improvement standard of living. This study aims to analyze the role of zakat, infaq and shadaqah in Indonesia’s economic growth from the Islamic perspective. By utilizing secondary data from Bank Indonesia, Central Bureau of Statistics, and BAZNAS this research employs the 2SLS (Two-Stage Least Square) method to estimate structural coefficients. The result found that generaly, zakat, infaq and shadaqah (ZIS) and consumption significantly contributed to economic growth from several variables like net exports, investment, and government during period 2001-2020. This research contribute to highlighting the significant impact of ZIS on national income and societal consumption, this study also provide result of study aimed at enhancing economic growth and ensuring the equitable collection and distribution of ZIS funds.
PENGARUH REALISASI ANGGARAN PENERIMAAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH TERHADAP PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT TAHUN 2017-2022
Authors: Ratih Diana , Soelistyo Aris
Published: May 2024

This research aims to examine the influence of the Regional Budget (APBD) on the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in West Nusa Tenggara. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of West Nusa Tenggara and the Directorate General of Budget, Ministry of Finance, from 2017 - 2022 The data analysis technique used regression panel data. The result indicates that Local Own Revenues (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Specific Allocation Fund (DAK), and Capital Expenditure (BD) do not have a significant impact on the PDRB in West Nusa Tenggara. However, Revenue Sharing Fund (DBH) has a positive significant influence on the PDRB in West Nusa Tenggara.
The biology teacher profile of junior and senior high school and the use of learning models in Ternate Indonesia
Authors: Madjid Ilham , Duran Corebima Aloysius , Suwono Hadi , Mahanal Susriyati
Published: May 2024

The  implementation of instructional models in the classroom significantly impacts students’ learning abilities and achievements. The adoption of a teacher-centered learning approach might lead to reduced student engagement in the learning process, consequently influencing their ability to acquire life skills. The current study aimed to determine the educational attainment, teaching experience, utilization of learning media and application of learning models by junior and senior high school biology teachers in Ternate, Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative research method that utilized survey questionnaires. The respondents were 25 biology teachers of junior high school and 30 biology teachers of senior high school. The research findings showed that (1) 84% of the junior high school biology teachers have the undergraduate education and 16% of them have the master education; 69.77% of those of the senior high school have the undergraduate education and 30.23% of them have the master education. (2) Both the junior and the senior high school biology teachers have over 15 years of teaching experience. (3) Among the junior high school biology teachers, the use of student worksheet is only 20%, and the use of learning media is 14%; Among the senior high school biology teachers, the use of student worksheet is 36.66% and the use of learning media is 23.33%. (4) The uses of conventional learning and the use of cooperative learnings among junior high school biology teachers are 83% and 17%, respectively; where as among those of senior high school are 73.34% and 26.66%, respectively. In conclusion, the educational qualifications of junior and senior high school biology teachers in Ternate have satisfied the necessary criteria for teaching. However, the teachers have not been able to enhance the quality of education in the city. This highlights the importance of developing innovative learning models to improve the  learning abilities and achievements.
DIARRHEA CAUSING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG DIARRHEA PATIENTS FROM SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: AbdulMughni Gamil Taher Ahmed , Al-Moyed Khaled Abdulkarim , Al-gunaid Eshrak Adulmalik , Al-Shami Huda Zaid , Al-Haidary Naif Mohammed , Al-Madhaji Anowar  Gasem , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: May 2024

Background and aims:  The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria causing diarrhea remains a major worldwide health concern, especially in children under five. The purpose of this surveillance study was to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Enterobacteriaceae, which cause diarrhea.
Materials and Methods: The National Center for Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL) in Sana'a city was the site of this cross-sectional investigation. Patient stool samples exhibiting diarrhea were gathered and cultivated using standard differential/selective medium. Standard biochemical assays and serological investigations were employed to identify the isolates. With the aid of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, the antibiogram was identified.
Results: Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 972 stool samples collected; 15.3% (149/972) were diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. There were 8.3% (81/972) Salmonella spp., 5.7% (56/972) Shigella spp., and 1.2% (12/972) E. coli. E. coli strains were grouped, with the most prominent being serogroups O153 (3, 2%) and O25 (2, 1.4%). Fifty-six (37.6%) Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii type 2 and Shigella bodii type 17, which were the most common Shigella isolated (11, 8.1%, and 16, 10.7%, respectively). We detected high resistance of Salmonella isolates to tetracycline (29/81, 35.8%) but relatively low resistance to ciprofloxacin (7/81, 8.6%) and ceftriaxone (5/81, 6.3%). 
Conclusion:  The many Enterobacteriaceae linked to instances of diarrhea in Sana'a, Yemen, were demonstrated in this study, along with the necessity of differential diagnosis for improved treatment results. Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli have all been linked to episodes of diarrhea in Sana'a city. To stop Yemen's antimicrobial resistance from spreading, regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficient monitoring, and national surveillance of AMR bacteria should be put into place.
                   
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2024;   Revised 12 March 2024; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. e.djanga@yahoo.com
THE PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS COLONIZATION IN THE ORAL CAVITY OF ADULTS
Authors: Ali Nagi Ibraheem Abduh , Howilah Ahmed Abdullah , Al-Sanabani Nesreen Fadel , AL-Haddad Khaled A , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Madar Ebtihal Mohamed , Al-Ghaffari Khaled Mohammed
Published: May 2024

Background and aims: Long-term carriers of S. aureus are thought to make up between 21% and 30% of the human population. The bacteria are present in the mouth mucous membrane, the lower reproductive tract of females, the nose, and the typical skin microbiota.  S. aureus can cause a wide range of ailments, from mild skin infections like cellulitis, boils, carbuncles, folliculitis, abscesses and scalded skin syndrome. Finding the prevalence of S. aureus in the oral cavities of adult dental patients as well as any possible contributing factors was the aim of this study.
Methods: One hundred patients—fifty-nine with natural teeth and fifty with prosthetics—who attended dental clinics run by the Sana'a University Faculty of Dentistry participated in a cross-sectional study. The buccal mucous membranes of both groups were sampled, and the swabs were cultured on both selective medium (Mannitol salt agar) and medium supplemented with 5% blood. After that, all cultured plates were incubated at 37°C with oxygen for 48 hours, after which the bacterial growth was identified using conventional techniques.
Results:  Compared to female patients (41%), male patients had an oral colonization rate of S. aureus of 58.9%; for the younger age group (24–34 years), it was 70% with OR=3.7 (p=0.003). There was a significant link (odds ratio = 4.9) between detachable prostheses, prosthesis wearers with more than six years of experience (OR=17, p<0.001), and smokers who regularly lit up (OR=7.3, p= 0.03). Furthermore, a significant association was discovered between the practice of consistently ingesting large amounts of sugar (OR=5.7, p=0.01) and the growth of S. aureus in the oral cavity.
Conclusion Healthy persons had a high frequency of Staphylococcus aureus in their oral cavities, and the infection was linked to certain behaviors such as smoking, chewing Qat, using prostheses, and patients who were younger in age. Also, the study emphasizes how crucial it is to practice proper oral hygiene because Staphylococcus aureus can primarily cause possible systemic infections through the mouth cavity.
                     
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2024;   Revised 10 March 2024; Accepted 23 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Dr. Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi, Thamar University, Factuality of Dentistry, Yemen. mohsenalhamzi@gmail.com
ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTIDIABETIC, ANTHELMINTHIC, AND THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT OF CITRULLUS LANATUS PEEL
Authors: Nahar Nazmun , Fatema Ummul Khair , Sharma Partha Protim , Bhuiya Abdul Motaleb , Begum Taslima , Azahar Nur Fauwizah , Rahman Mohammad Nasrin Abdul , Sulaiman Wan Mohd Azizi Bin Wan , Azad Abul Kalam
Published: May 2024

Background: The present study aimed for in vitro evaluation of Citrullus lanatus Peel (CLP) methanol extract for antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, and thrombolytic activity.
Method: CLP was extracted with methanol and tested for in vitro antioxidative (DPPH and H2O2 scavenging method), thrombolytic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties (human red blood cell membrane stabilization method, α-amylase inhibitory effect by using Iodine-Starch method.
Results: The percentage yield was 7% and phytochemical profile showed the presence of steroid, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycoside and reducing sugar. In DPPH scavenging assay, 88.7% was at 1000 g/ml, whereas 34% to 48.9% (IC50 27.65 µg/ml) in H2O2 and from 61.8% to 95.2% (IC50 value: 07 µg/ml) in ASCOR. In in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, the maximum protection percentage was observed 58% and 44%. Consecutively, in anti-diabetic activity, IC50 values of 1137.64 μg/ml whereas reference (Acarbose) exhibited IC50 at 671.71 μg/ml. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of Acarbose showed 57% and 98% respectively at 2000 μg/ml. In earthworms, it considered as very potential for the helminthic infection and helminthiasis. A significant clot lysis activity of 44% was noticed when the clots were treated with 100 µl of CLP extract (10 mg/ml) in in-vitro thrombolytic activity assay.
Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that the peel possessed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anthelminthic and thrombolytic activities. These findings will be motivated to do further research on molecular level to finds into more depth which is considered as the limitation of this study.
                    
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2024;   Revised 12 March 2024; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Dr. Francis Adou Yapo, Felix Houphouet Boigny, University of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, fyapo@yahoo.fr
HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT JIBLAH UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN JIBLAH CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Al-Mohani Sadeq Kaid Mohammed , Almohani Osama Sadiq Kiad
Published: May 2024

Background: Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide public health concern. About half of the transmission routes of chronic HBV infections in endemic areas are through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), with HBV infection primarily occurring during infancy and early childhood. One of the most important steps in lowering the prevalence of chronic HBV worldwide is MTCT prevention. The majority of MTCT is caused via natal transmission, therefore immunizing babies against disease is a highly effective method of preventing natal transmission.Objective: This study was conducted to study the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb Governorate, Yemen.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted and 154 pre-designed questionnaires and serum samples were collected from October to December 2023 to detect seroprevalence and associated risk factors for markers of HBV (HBsAg) among pregnant women at Jiblah University Hospital in Jiblah City, Yemen. Sera were tested for HBsAg by quantitative ELISA.
Results: The study reported that, the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus was 2.6%. The prevalence of HBsAg was more prevalent in illiterate pregnant women. Educational status has been revealed as a predictor of hepatitis B virus infection.
Conclusion: This study revealed a moderate level of risk of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women.
                     
Peer Review History:
Received 6 February 2024;   Revised 10 March 2024; Accepted 21 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef – 32 Tahrir St, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES, AND IN VIVO ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF COCCINIA GRANDIS LEAF EXTRACT IN MICE
Authors: Ahmed Razan Mustafa , Widdatallah Marvit Osman , Alrasheid Ayat Ahmed , Widatallah Hiba Abbas , Alkhawad Abdalla Omar
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease described as a high level of blood glucose level and caused by Insulin Deficiency called (Type I). Abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates in connection with insufficient insulin production is called Type II (insulin resistance). As synthetic drugs are generated for the management of different types of DM in injectable and oral dosage forms undesired side effects are being recorded.
Objective: The research side moves nowadays to the safer chemical components with hypoglycemic effects. Using natural remedies, particularly those derived from medicinal plants, to treat diabetes has emerged as a promising alternative treatment.Methods: This study investigated the phytochemicals constituents, and anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant activities of Coccinia grandis leaves extract. Where the leaves of Coccinia grandis were collected and the extract containing ethanol was made. The initial phytochemical screening concerning the plant powder was done using standard procedures. Sixteen mice were divided into four groups, group (1) received normal saline, group (2) received standard oral hypoglycemic agent (glimepiride), group (3) received Glucose 50%, and group (4) received ethanolic extract. Extract doses were calculated according to the mice's body weight.
Results: Antioxidant activity for the plant extract was found to be (62 ± 0.03 %) The Anti-hyperglycemic effect was determined by calculating the reduction in glucose levels as a function of time.
Conclusion: The outcomes showed that the pharmacological impact of C. grandis’s extract reduces the blood glucose levels than the normal metabolic process and when compared to the standard oral hypoglycemic agent.
                    
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2024;   Revised 11 March 2024; Accepted 23 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap dan Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Penatalaksanaan Obat Antihipertensi
Authors: Musnelina Lili , Putri Elvina Triana , Ayunda Rintan Wardatu
Published: May 2024

ABSTRAK
Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi sering disebut sebagai "silent killer" karena seringkali tidak menimbulkan gejala yang jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap penatalaksanaan obat antihipertensi di Kelurahan Sasakpanjang, Kecamatan Tajurhalang, Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis penelitian kuantatif dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitik. Sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling, dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 90 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (65,6%), berusia antara 17-45 tahun (47,8%), memiliki pendidikan terakhir hingga SMA (47,8%), tidak bekerja (55,6%), dengan tingkat pengetahuan sebesar 46,7%. Hasil analisis ditemukan adanya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap (p-value = 0,001) dan perilaku (p-value = 0,000) Masyarakat terhadap penatalaksanaan obat antihipertensi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap dan perilaku masyarakat terhadap penatalaksanaan obat antihipertensi.
Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Pengetahuan, Perilaku, Sikap
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is often referred to as the 'silent killer' due to its asymptomatic nature. This study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge levels and the attitude and behavior of the community towards the management of antihypertensive medication in Sasakpanjang Village, Tajurhalang District, Bogor Regency. Conducted as a cross-sectional study with descriptive analytic methods, the sample consisted of 90 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a validated and reliable questionnaire. Results indicated that the majority of respondents were female (65.6%), aged between 17-45 years (47.8%), with a level of education of up to high school (47.8%), and unemployed (55.6%), with a knowledge level of 46.7%. The study concludes that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the attitude and behavior of the community toward antihypertensive medication management.
 
Keywords: Hypertension, knowledge, attitude, behavior.
The effectiveness of regulatory and technological mechanisms of banking internal control: An exploration based on the origins of banks
Authors: Kenfang Wambe Ludovic
Published: May 2024

Over the last few decades, the news about banks has been dominated by scandals that reflect a lack of inadequate internal control (IC), whereas information technology (Diard & Dufour, 2022b) and banking regulations (Dufour & Yacoub, 2021) are seen as the main tools for effective banking IC. This article aims to understand the role of regulatory measures and information technology in the effectiveness of banking IC. To achieve this, we use a qualitative approach based on the multiple-case method. The study covers six banks (African and Western) and the data is collected through semi-structured interviews with internal controllers, internal auditors, and risk managers. The verbatim technique is used for analysis. The results show that IC regulations mainly benefit Western subsidiaries from countries where regulatory standards are more advanced. However, the role of IC information technology (IT) remains unclear. Local banks need to step up investment in IT and regulations need to take account of the diversity of banks’ origins. The relevance of the study lies in the need for the regulator to pay more attention to local banks, which appear to be more fragile.
Increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid accumulation in the microalga Golenkinia brevispicula (Chlorophyceae) by manipulating spectral irradiance
Authors: T.A. Rearte , P.S.M. Celis-Pla , R. Abdala-Díaz , P. Castro-Varela , S. Marsili , C. García , Cerón-García MªCarmen , Figueroa Felix Diego Lopez
Published: May 2024

Microalgal biotechnology offers a promising platform for the sustainable
production of diverse renewable bioactive compounds. The main difference
from other microbial bioprocesses is the crucial role that light plays
for cultures since it can be used as a source of environmental
information to control metabolic processes. Therefore, we can use these
criteria to design a bioprocess that aims to stimulate the accumulation
of target molecules by controlling light exposure. We study the effect
on biochemical and photobiological responses of Golenkiniabrevispicula FAUBA-3 to the exposition of different spectral
irradiances (high-fluence PAR of narrow yellow spectrum complemented
with low intensity of monochromatic radiations of red, blue, and UV-A)
under pre-stress and salinity stress conditions. High light coupled to
salinity stress affected the photosynthetic activity and photoprotection
mechanisms as shown by maximal quantum yield (
F/F) and non-photochemical
quenching (NPQ ) reduction, respectively. High light
treatments combined with the proper dose of UV-A radiation under
salinity stress induced the highest carotenoid content (2.75 mg g DW
) composed mainly of lutein and β-carotene, and the
highest lipid accumulation (35.3 % DW) with the highest PUFA content
(ALA (C18:3) and LA (C18:2)). Our study can guide the strategies for
commercial indoor production of G. brevispicula for high-value
metabolites.
City divided: Unveiling family ties and genetic structuring of coyotes in Seattle
Authors: Kreling Samantha , Reese Ellen , Cavalluzzi Olivia , Bozzi Natalee , Messinger Riley , Schell Christopher , Long Robert , Prugh Laura
Published: May 2024

Linear barriers pose significant challenges for wildlife gene flow,
impacting species persistence, adaptation, and evolution. While numerous
studies have examined the effects of linear barriers (e.g., fences,
roadways) on partitioning urban and non-urban areas, understanding their
influence on gene flow within cities remains limited. Here, we
investigated the impact of linear barriers on coyote (Canis latrans)
population structure in Seattle, Washington, where major barriers (i.e.,
interstate highways and bodies of water) divide the city into distinct
quadrants. Notably, private allele analysis underscored limited
interbreeding among quadrants. When comparing one quadrant to the next,
there were up to 16 private alleles within a single quadrant,
representing nearly 22% of the population allelic diversity. Our
analysis revealed weak isolation by distance, and despite being a highly
mobile species, genetic structuring was apparent between quadrants even
with extremely short geographic distance between individual coyotes,
implying that Interstate 5 and the Ship Canal act as major barriers.
Lack of gene flow may stem from the perceived risk of crossing these
barriers, as even despite the presence of structural connectivity
features (e.g., bridges and underpasses), functional connectivity may
remain limited. Urban areas provide refuge and resources for wildlife
but come with tradeoffs, as evidenced by restricted gene flow and
potential long-term impacts on population viability and evolution. This
study advances our understanding of gene flow and its consequences in
cities, a crucial component for bolstering wildlife conservation and
management in rapidly urbanizing environments.
Sulfur Speciation in Apatite Showing Late Stage Magma Reduction in Eocene Great Basin Magmas
Authors: Siciliano Andrew , Ruprecht Philipp , Longo Shasta , Johnson Curtis , Ressel Michael W
Published: May 2024

Eocene arc magmatism is recognized to be responsible for the great
quantities of porphyry Cu and Carlin-type Au mineralization in the Great
Basin. However, an enigmatic spatial discontinuity exists in the
metallogenic character of these ore deposits, with Au and Cu being
predominantly found in eastern Nevada and western Utah, respectively.
This east- west variability can be explained by diverging magma-fluid
evolutionary paths with reduced and oxidized end members producing the
mineralization observed in eastern Nevada and western Utah. The agent of
such divergence is hypothesized to be contamination via crustal material
of markedly different redox conditions in the two regions. Here, we add
to a basin-wide analysis of redox conditions of Eocene plutons
associated with Au and Cu mineralization by analyzing sulfur speciation
in Swales Mountain intrusive apatite that is present in different
mineral associations. Micro X-ray absorption near edge structure
(𝜇-XANES) data were collected on apatite at the Advanced Photon Source.
Collected spectra indicate varied paleo-redox conditions of
~FMQ + 2 at the most oxidized and ~FMQ +
0.3 at the most reduced. Reduced S-XANES signatures, however, were
increasingly more frequent when observed in evolved samples and
textures. Swales Mountain apatite included within late-stage
crystallizing phases, i.e., plagioclase, orthoclase, and quartz, tended
to present reduced signatures. Some apatite also exhibit low intensity
and unclear spectra owing to the fact that sulfide does not substitute
into the apatite structure as readily as the sulfate ion. A regionally
extensive, organic carbon-rich, deep marine shale, the Vinini Formation,
is a potential reducing assimilant. When assuming a high magmatic S
concentration (2000 ppm) and a low TOC of the Vinini Formation of 1
wt%, we calculate that a maximum assimilation of just
~5% is needed to achieve the observed oxygen fugacity
change. Assuming lower S concentrations in the magma and higher TOC
results in ~1% or less assimilation that is needed to
account for the change in observed S speciation measured in apatite. We
use these observations to argue for late late stage reduction of Swales
Mountain plutons and to further provide evidence of reduced crustal
contamination leading to the mineralization of Au in Eastern Nevada.