bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronische Periaortitis
Authors: Becker Mike
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Der Begriff der chronischen Periaortitis umfasst mehrere fibroinflammatorische Erkrankungen, die sich an bzw. um die abdominelle Aorta manifestieren und mit einer Aneurysmenbildung einhergehen können. Als früher eigenständige Entitäten sind hier die idiopathische retroperitoneale Fibrose (Morbus Ormond), das inflammatorische Aortenaneurysma und die perianeurysmale retroperitoneale Fibrose zusammengefasst; die Erkrankungen können auch IgG4-assoziiert sein. Häufigste Komplikation dieser systemisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen sind ein Ureteraufstau und sekundäre Nierenschädigung, es kann aber z.B. auch zu venöser Kompression mit Stauung und ggf. Thrombose kommen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit behandelt schwerpunktmässig Diagnostik und Therapie der chronischen Periaortitis. Die Diagnose wird in der Regel über eine Schnittbildgebung gestellt und therapeutisch kommen konservativ verschiedene, v.a. immunsuppressive Therapien, zum Einsatz, wobei qualitativ gute Studien grösstenteils fehlen. Zur Überbrückung wird häufig ein Ureterstent gelegt und in Einzelfällen ist auch eine operative Therapie notwendig. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Erkrankungen und ihrer Seltenheit gibt es bisher kaum standardisierte Behandlungsabläufe.
Die IgA-Vaskulitis
Authors: Gadola Stephan Donat
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Die IgA-Vaskulitis (IgAV) ist eine Immunkomplexvaskulitis kleiner Gefässe, welche typischerweise in Form einer leukozytoklastischen Hautvaskulitis mit palpabler Purpura sowie Abdominalschmerzen und Nephritis in Erscheinung tritt. Die IgAV weist markante Gemeinsamkeiten der Pathophysiologie und renalen Histopathologie mit der IgA-Nephropathie auf, weshalb diese Erkrankungen einem gemeinsamen Spektrum IgA-vermittelter Syndrome zugeordnet werden können. Bei Kindern ist die IgAV (Henoch-Schönlein-Purpura, HSP) häufig spontan regredient, während sie bei Erwachsenen öfter einen schwereren Verlauf nimmt. Die akute Prognose wird hauptsächlich durch die Beteiligung des Gastrointestinaltrakts, und der Langzeitverlauf durch die renale Beteiligung bestimmt. Da der Nierenbefall verzögert auftreten kann, sind regelmässige Kontrollen der Nierenparameter auch nach scheinbarer klinischer Remission sinnvoll. Aktuelle Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen Behandlung der IgAV basieren auf konsensusbasierten Expertenmeinungen da noch keine randomisierten kontrollierten Studien zur Verfügung stehen.
Passive Breathing of Earth‐Air: “Fingerprint” Evidence From Moisture Records
Authors: Li Hongshou , Wang Shunren , Li Fei , Gong Yipu , Wang Xiaowei
Published: May 2022

“Earth‐air” refers to air in the vadose zone. Studies have long suggested that earth‐air undergoes a passive breathing effect due to atmospheric pumping. The earth‐air can be modeled as an ideal gas in a closed system, so that the volume of earth‐air varies as the atmospheric pressure (AP) fluctuates. When AP rises, earth‐air is compressed and external air is drawn into the vadose zone. Conversely, when AP drops, earth‐air expands and moist earth‐air enters the atmosphere. In arid regions, there is a moisture gradient in soil due to dryness of the climate: the humidity is relatively low in the upper soil layer, and relatively high in the subsoil. Therefore, if earth‐air undergoes passive breathing, the humidity of earth‐air will fluctuate with AP. This means that passive breathing of the earth‐air should leave traces in the recorded moisture which exactly match AP fluctuations. In this work, clear evidence is presented for the existence of earth‐air passive breathing. This is accomplished by using an innovatively‐designed trap to monitor humidity in 30 cm gravelly sand and showing that these moisture/temperature records contain fingerprints which are characteristic of passive breathing. It is found that relative humidity (RH) in soil is negatively correlated with the atmospheric fluctuations. The correlation between 10‐min average AP and RH timeseries reaches −0.75 for the time‐periods of 20 days. This study provides a new understanding in land‐atmosphere heat/mass exchange from the perspective of vertical fluid dynamics.
Rapid switching and durable on-chip spark-cavitation-bubble cell sorter
Authors: Jiao Zeheng , Han Yong , Zhao Jingjing , Chao Zixi , Tárnok Attila , You Zheng
Published: May 2022

Precise and high-speed sorting of individual target cells from heterogeneous populations plays an imperative role in cell research. Although the conventional fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) is capable of rapid and accurate cell sorting, it occupies a large volume of the instrument and inherently brings in aerosol generation as well as cross-contamination among samples. The sorting completed in a fully enclosed and disposable microfluidic chip has the potential to eliminate the above concerns. However, current microfluidic cell sorters are hindered by the high complexities of the fabrication procedure and the off-chip setup. In this paper, a spark-cavitation-bubble-based fluorescence-activated cell sorter is developed to perform fast and accurate sorting in a microfluidic chip. It features a simple structure and an easy operation. This microfluidic sorter comprises a positive electrode of platinum and a negative electrode of tungsten, which are placed on the side of the main channel. By applying a high-voltage discharge on the pair of electrodes, a single spark cavitation bubble is created to deflect the target particle into the downstream collection channel. The sorter has a short switching time of 150 μs and a long lifespan of more than 100 million workable actions. In addition, a novel control strategy is proposed to dynamically adjust the discharge time to stabilize the size of the cavitation bubble for continuous sorting. The dynamic control of continuously triggering the sorter, the optimal delay time between fluorescence detection and cell sorting, and a theoretical model to predict the ideal sorting recovery and purity are studied to improve and evaluate the sorter performance. The experiments demonstrate that the sorting rate of target particles achieves 1200 eps, the total analysis throughput is up to 10,000 eps, the particles sorted at 4000 eps exhibit a purity greater than 80% and a recovery rate greater than 90%, and the sorting effect on the viability of HeLa cells is negligible.
Programmed cell death in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification
Authors: Li Min , Wang Zhen-Wei , Fang Li-Juan , Cheng Shou-Quan , Wang Xin , Liu Nai-Feng
Published: May 2022

The concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death modalities play a critical role in all aspects of life, which are noteworthy for their diverse roles in diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) are major causes for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Despite considerable advances in understanding the signaling pathways associated with AS and VC, the exact molecular basis remains obscure. In the article, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and its implications for AS and VC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell death in AS and VC may drive the development of promising therapeutic strategies.
Singlet and triplet to doublet energy transfer: improving organic light-emitting diodes with radicals
Authors: Li Feng , Gillett Alexander J. , Gu Qinying , Ding Junshuai , Chen Zhangwu , Hele Timothy J. H. , Myers William K. , Friend Richard H. , Evans Emrys W.
Published: May 2022

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) must be engineered to circumvent the efficiency limit imposed by the 3:1 ratio of triplet to singlet exciton formation following electron-hole capture. Here we show the spin nature of luminescent radicals such as TTM-3PCz allows direct energy harvesting from both singlet and triplet excitons through energy transfer, with subsequent rapid and efficient light emission from the doublet excitons. This is demonstrated with a model Thermally-Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) organic semiconductor, 4CzIPN, where reverse intersystem crossing from triplets is characteristically slow (50% emission by 1 µs). The radical:TADF combination shows much faster emission via the doublet channel (80% emission by 100 ns) than the comparable TADF-only system, and sustains higher electroluminescent efficiency with increasing current density than a radical-only device. By unlocking energy transfer channels between singlet, triplet and doublet excitons, further technology opportunities are enabled for optoelectronics using organic radicals.
Mechanistic insights into photochemical nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings enabled by energy transfer
Authors: Kancherla Rajesh , Muralirajan Krishnamoorthy , Maity Bholanath , Karuthedath Safakath , Kumar Gadde Sathish , Laquai Frédéric , Cavallo Luigi , Rueping Magnus
Published: May 2022

Various methods that use a photocatalyst for electron transfer between an organic substrate and a transition metal catalyst have been established. While triplet sensitization of organic substrates via energy transfer from photocatalysts has been demonstrated, the sensitization of transition metal catalysts is still in its infancy. Here, we describe the selective alkylation of C(sp3)–H bonds via triplet sensitization of nickel catalytic intermediates with a thorough elucidation of its reaction mechanism. Exergonic Dexter energy transfer from an iridium photosensitizer promotes the nickel catalyst to the triplet state, thus enabling C–H functionalization via the release of bromine radical. Computational studies and transient absorption experiments support that the reaction proceeds via the formation of triplet states of the organometallic nickel catalyst by energy transfer.
IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis reprograms lipogenesis in adipocytes to promote diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Zhou Hao , Wang Han , Zhang Quanri , Zhang Renliang , Willard Belinda , Liu Caini , Kang Zizhen , Li Xiao , Li Xiaoxia
Published: May 2022

Toll-like receptors/Interleukin-1 receptor signaling plays an important role in high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue dysfunction contributing to obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Here, we show an unconventional IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis in adipocytes that reprograms ﻿lipogenesis to promote diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of IRAKM reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, increases whole body energy expenditure and improves insulin resistance, associated with decreased lipid accumulation and adipocyte cell sizes. IL-1β stimulation induces the translocation of IRAKM Myddosome to mitochondria to promote de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes. Mechanistically, IRAKM interacts with and phosphorylates mitochondrial citrate carrier Slc25a1 to promote IL-1β-induced mitochondrial citrate transport to cytosol and de novo lipogenesis. ﻿Moreover, IRAKM-Slc25a1 axis mediates IL-1β induced Pgc1a ﻿acetylation to regulate thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. IRAKM kinase-inactivation also attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity. ﻿Taken together, our study suggests that the IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis tightly links inflammation and adipocyte metabolism, indicating a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
Consideration of high-quality development strategies for soil and water conservation on the loess plateau
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Ge Yonggang , Yuan Gaoang , Song Zhiyu
Published: May 2022

The construction of check dams is an important measure to prevent soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and reduce the amount of sediment entering the Yellow River. Based on an analysis of the current situation of soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau and the three major problems faced by the traditional homogeneous soil check dam construction, the study of anti-scouring materials, hydrological calculation methods, dam design and construction technology and soil and water conservation monitoring are carried out in this paper. The results showed that the current soil and water conservation measures on the Loess Plateau have achieved remarkable outcomes. The new design and application concept of check dams with anti-burst and multi-sand interceptions is innovatively proposed in this paper. The new materials of solidified loess have good durability and anti-scouring characteristics and could meet the overflow and anti-scouring requirements of the new check dam. The small watershed high sand content of hydrological calculation can establish the upper limit of the flood sediment boundary for the anti-scouring protection layer of the check dam. The new technology of dam design and construction can achieve no collapse or slow collapse when encountering floods exceeding the standard. Intelligent monitoring systems can realize real-time dynamic monitoring for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau. The results will eventually contribute to the national strategy of the Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Yellow River basin.
A multivariate statistical test for differential expression analysis
Authors: Tumminello Michele , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Sottile Gianluca , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Arancio Walter , Coronnello Claudia
Published: May 2022

Statistical tests of differential expression usually suffer from two problems. Firstly, their statistical power is often limited when applied to small and skewed data sets. Secondly, gene expression data are usually discretized by applying arbitrary criteria to limit the number of false positives. In this work, a new statistical test obtained from a convolution of multivariate hypergeometric distributions, the Hy-test, is proposed to address these issues. Hy-test has been carried out on transcriptomic data from breast and kidney cancer tissues, and it has been compared with other differential expression analysis methods. Hy-test allows implicit discretization of the expression profiles and is more selective in retrieving both differential expressed genes and terms of Gene Ontology. Hy-test can be adopted together with other tests to retrieve information that would remain hidden otherwise, e.g., terms of (1) cell cycle deregulation for breast cancer﻿ and (2) “programmed cell death” for kidney cancer.
Detection of spatial avoidance between sousliks and moles by combining field observations, remote sensing and deep learning techniques
Authors: Łopucki Rafał , Klich Daniel , Kociuba Piotr
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, remote sensing is being increasingly applied in ecology and conservation, and even underground animals can successfully be studied if they leave clear signs of their presence in the environment. In this work, by combining a field study, analysis of high-resolution aerial images, and machine learning techniques, we investigated the interspecies relationships of two small burrowing mammals: the spotted souslik Spermophilus suslicus and the European mole Talpa europaea. The study was conducted for 3 years (2018–2020) at a 105-ha grass airfield where both species coexist (Poland). Both field studies and the analysis of aerial imagery showed that, in the period of low population numbers, the souslik avoided coexistence with the European mole, and the presence of the mole was found to reduce the area of the habitat suitable for the souslik. The presence of other burrowing species may be an important element in the habitat selectivity of the souslik, but this has not yet been included in the conservation guidelines for this species. We discuss the contribution of our results to the knowledge of the ecology of burrowing mammals and their interspecies relationships. We also assess the possibility of using remote sensing and deep learning methods in ecology and conservation of small burrowing mammals.
Kinetic square scheme in oxygen-redox battery electrodes
Authors: Kawai Kosuke , Shi Xiang-Mei , Takenaka Norio , Jang Jeonguk , de Boisse Benoit Mortemard , Tsuchimoto Akihisa , Asakura Daisuke , Kikkawa Jun , Nakayama Masanobu , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo
Published: May 2022

Kinetic formation of the peroxo-like O22− dimer is identified as the origin of a voltage hysteresis in oxygen-redox battery electrodes.
Density effects of vertical graphene nanowalls on supercapacitor performance
Authors: Sui Hongtao , Toan Nguyen Van , Ono Takahito
Published: May 2022

Vertical graphene (VG) nanowalls formed with controllable densities by adjusting CH4 : H2 flow ratios, followed by the MnO2 depositions, are achieved on silicon wafer substrates via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
One-pot catalyst-free synthesis of benzopyrroxazine derivatives by a mutually activated sequential annulation process
Authors: Li Fu-Qiang , Xie Pu-Yuan , Chen Hui-Yu , Bian Ming , Gao Yu-Ning , Liu Zhen-Jiang
Published: May 2022

A one-pot catalyst-free synthetic method of benzopyrroxazine derivatives is reported, which relies on an efficient self-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition process.
Formation of topological defects in nematic shells with a dumbbell-like shape
Authors: de Araújo C. B. , de Oliveira E. J. L. , Lyra M. L. , Mirantsev L. V. , de Oliveira I. N.
Published: May 2022

The external electric field induces a defect rearrangement in dumbbell-like nematic shells, with defect motion obeying a nonlinear dynamics.
Rheological scaling of ionic-liquid-based polyelectrolytes in ionic liquid solutions: the effect of the ion diameter of ionic liquids
Authors: Matsumoto Atsushi , Shen Amy Q.
Published: May 2022

The ion diameter of ionic liquids plays an important role in the charge screening process of polymerized ionic liquids in ionic liquid solutions. The larger ion diameter leads to more pronounced charge underscreening effect.
Space–time line coded spatial modulation
Authors: Lee Ki‐Hun , Joung Jingon , Jung Bang Chul
Published: May 2022

In this letter, a novel multiple‐input multiple‐output transceiver technique, named space–time line coded spatial modulation (STLC‐SM) is proposed, where two modulation symbols are transmitted through one of the multiple transmit antennas determined by the incoming information bits after constellation‐rotated STLC encoding. The receiver decodes the transmitted modulation symbols and the activated antenna index through an optimal joint maximum‐likelihood detector. As a main result, the closed‐form upper‐bound of bit‐error‐rate of the proposed STLC‐SM system in general antenna configurations is mathematically analysed. Finally, it is validated that the STLC‐SM significantly outperforms the conventional STLC in terms of the bit‐error‐rate.
Internet und Sexualität – positive Auswirkungen der digitalen Multioptionswelt
Authors: Özdemir Umut C.
Published: May 2022

Zwar oft mit riskantem Sexualverhalten assoziiert, bietet das Internet die Möglichkeit eines salutogenen Zugangs zu Sexualität. Der Beitrag zeigt, inwiefern der Online-Raum besonders für die Bereiche sexuelle Bildung, Psychoedukation sowie Online-Dating dazu beitragen und dafür genutzt werden kann.
Fallbericht: nichtorganischer Vaginismus
Authors: Özdemir Umut C. , Gathmann Sandra , Flöter Annika
Published: May 2022

Wann kommt endlich der Nachwuchs? Diese Frage wird vielen jungen Ehepaaren von den erwartungsvollen zukünftigen Großeltern gestellt – so auch der Patientin Frau B. und ihrem Ehemann. Was die Angehörigen jedoch nicht wissen: Die beiden hatten in 3 Jahren Ehe noch keinen penetrativen Geschlechtsverkehr.
Sexuelle Fantasien in der Therapie – Landkarten erotischer Entwicklungsprozesse
Authors: Eck Angelika
Published: May 2022

Fantasien als Teil des sexuellen Erlebens bringen sowohl ein Leidens- als auch ein Entwicklungspotenzial mit sich, für das es sich lohnt, psychotherapeutischen Raum zu öffnen. Dieser Beitrag stellt Landkarten zur Verfügung, mit denen Konflikte mit sexuellen Fantasien eingeordnet, Fantasien sinnvoll exploriert und kontextualisiert und daraus Entwicklungen auf Fantasieebene und in anderen Lebensbereichen angeregt werden können.
Polyamorie – mehr als nur Sex mit Vielen
Authors: Dietzmann Susann
Published: May 2022

Polyamorie ist eines von vielen einvernehmlich nicht-monogamen Beziehungskonzepten (ENM – Ethical Non-Monogamy). Diese Art der Beziehungsführung und die damit einhergehenden Herausforderungen sollen in diesem Artikel thematisiert werden. Zudem wird beschrieben, wie wir als Therapeut*innen Menschen in einvernehmlich nicht-monogamen Beziehungen am besten unterstützen und ihre Ressourcen nutzen können.
Sexueller Missbrauch – die Perspektive der Betroffenen
Authors: Walther Miriam , Briken Peer
Published: May 2022

Die Unabhängige Kommission zur Aufarbeitung sexuellen Kindesmissbrauchs untersucht Ausmaß, Art und Folgen von sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche in sämtlichen Kontexten. Dazu gehören die Familie, Institutionen wie Sportvereine, Kirchen, Schulen, Heime, Fremdtäter*innen oder organisierte sexuelle Ausbeutung. Seit 2016 haben sich über 3000 Betroffene von sexuellem Missbrauch für eine vertrauliche Anhörung oder mit einem schriftlichen Bericht an die Kommission gewandt.
Peritonealdialyse beim älteren Patienten
Authors: Haag-Weber Marianne
Published: May 2022

Der Bedarf an Nierenersatztherapie für ältere Patienten steigt weltweit an. Beide Nierenersatztherapien, die Peritonealdialyse (PD) und die Hämodialyse (HD), sind in dieser Patientengruppe bzgl. der auftretenden Mortalitätsraten weitgehend vergleichbar. Entscheidender als die Überlebenszeit ist bei den meist komorbiden älteren Patienten jedoch die Lebensqualität. Diesbezüglich bietet die PD beim älteren Patienten zahlreiche Vorteile. Hauptsächlich vorteilhaft ist sicherlich, dass die PD sehr gut toleriert und vertragen wird und kein Gefäßzugang nötig ist. In den meisten Studien findet man zwischen älteren und jüngeren PD-Patienten ein ähnliches technisches Überleben und Peritonitisrisiko. Es gibt nur wenige medizinische Kontraindikationen für die PD beim älteren Patienten, jedoch einige Barrieren körperlicher, kognitiver und sozialer Art. Einige Patienten brauchen deshalb eine Assistenz. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ländern gibt es in Deutschland bislang kein strukturiertes Programm für die assistierte PD. Durch die Individualisierung der PD und die sog. inkrementelle PD ist es jedoch oft trotzdem möglich, mit geringer Assistenz durch Familienangehörige auch bei älteren Patienten die PD durchzuführen. Die inkrementelle PD bedeutet, dass je nach vorhandener renaler Restfunktion nicht die übliche Dialyse verabreicht wird, sondern eine geringer intensive PD mit weniger als 4 Beutelwechseln am Tag oder einer Anwendung seltener als 7 Tage pro Woche. Ältere Patienten werden häufig erst spät beim Nephrologen vorgestellt. Ein ungeplanter Dialysebeginn erfolgt meist mittels HD, obgleich zahlreiche Studien zeigen konnten, dass ein ungeplanter Dialysebeginn auch mit PD erfolgreich durchgeführt werden kann.
Die Kenntnisse von Angehörigen über die letzte Lebensphase von Dialysepatienten
Authors: Hoffmann Ute
Published: May 2022

Nach Einleitung einer chronischen Dialysebehandlung verbessert sich die Lebensqualität vieler älterer Menschen nicht. Die Fortsetzung der Dialysetherapie entspricht dann eventuell nicht ihren Wünschen und Lebenszielen. Damit die letzte Lebensphase im Sinne der Dialysepatienten erfolgt, wird eine vorausschauende Versorgungsplanung („advance care planning“) empfohlen. Hierfür sollten die Familienangehörigen eingebunden werden. Inwieweit diese über die (palliativen) Möglichkeiten und über die Wünsche der Dialysepatienten informiert sind, ist allerdings unklar und sollte im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie untersucht werden.
Sport und Bewegungsmöglichkeiten bei älteren Dialysepatienten
Authors: Degenhardt Stefan , Anding-Rost Kirsten
Published: May 2022

Alte Dialysepatienten sind in besonderem Maße durch Bewegungsmangel und Inaktivität gefährdet. Wir stellen hier sowohl den aktuellen Stand der Diskussion als auch eigene Erfahrungen mit „Sport während der Dialyse“ vor. Mit praktischen Hinweisen machen wir Vorschläge, wie ein Trainingsprogramm an der Dialyse gestaltet werden kann. Größte Hindernisse für die Umsetzung einer Dialysetrainingstherapie während der Hämodialyse sind die Unkenntnis über Wirksamkeit und Umsetzung der Trainingsprogramme sowie eine bisher noch weitgehend fehlende Finanzierung durch das Gesundheitssystem.
Einfluss einer muskulären Ermüdung auf den Limb Symmetry Index nach VKB-Rekonstruktion
Authors: Höll Patrick , Kröll Josef
Published: May 2022

Auch wenn Athlet*innen die Return to Sport (RTS) Kriterien nach einer vorderen Kreuzbandrekonstruktion (VKBR) erfüllen, erleiden sie dennoch häufig eine erneute Verletzung des vorderen Kreuzbandes (VKB). Ein Grund für das erhöhte Risiko könnte darin bestehen, dass die Kriterien nicht unter ermüdeten Bedingungen getestet werden, obwohl eine muskuläre Ermüdung ein Risiko für Verletzungen darstellt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss einer muskulären Ermüdung auf den Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) bei Athlet*innen nach einer VKBR und gesunden Proband*innen zu untersuchen.

Neun Proband*innen nach einer unilateralen VKBR und 17 Gesunde (28,1 ± 5,2 LJ.) absolvierten eine Serie von 3 Sprungtests – Side Hop Test (SH), Single Leg Vertical Jump (SLVJ), Single Leg Hop for Distance (SLHD) – in einem nicht ermüdeten und einem muskulär ermüdeten Zustand. Mittels einer 2 × 3 ANOVA mit Messwiederholung wurden die LSI-Werte vor und nach der muskulären Ermüdung miteinander verglichen.

Die VKBR-Gruppe erreichte im Gesamt-LSI 91,3 ± 12,3 %, die Kontrollgruppe 100,1 ± 11,9 %. Innerhalb der Gruppen bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen dem ermüdeten und nicht ermüdeten Zustand. Es konnten keine signifikanten Interaktionseffekte (p > 0,05) oder Zeiteffekte (p > 0,05) des LSI hinsichtlich der Ermüdung festgestellt werden, jedoch zeigten der LSI des SLVJ und der Gesamt-LSI hoch signifikante Gruppeneffekte (p = 0,003, p = 0,001). Patient*innen nach einer VKBR wiesen niedrigere LSI-Werte als die gesunde Kontrollgruppe auf. Der geringere LSI der VKBR-Gruppe kann einen möglichen Risikofaktor für eine Wiederverletzung darstellen.

Eine muskuläre Ermüdung hatte keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den LSI. Ein LSI unter ermüdeten Bedingungen scheint somit als RTS-Kriterium ungeeignet zu sein. Der bisherige Cut-off-Wert des LSI von 90 % sollte in Frage gestellt und eine Erhöhung dieses Grenzwertes in Betracht gezogen werden.
Electronic Health Record-Embedded, Behavioral Science-Informed System for Smoking Cessation for the Parents of Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Karavite Dean J. , Kelleher Shannon , Nekrasova Ekaterina , Thayer Jeritt G. , Ratwani Raj , Shea Judy , Nabi-Burza Emara , Drehmer Jeremy E. , Winickoff Jonathan P. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Schnoll Robert A. , Fiks Alexander G.
Published: May 2022

Background Helping parents quit smoking is a public health priority. However, parents are rarely, if ever, offered tobacco use treatment through pediatric settings. Clinical decision support (CDS) systems developed for the workflows of pediatric primary care may support consistent screening, treatment, and referral.

Objectives This study aimed to develop a CDS system by using human-centered design (HCD) that identifies parents who smoke, provides motivational messages to quit smoking (informed by behavioral science), and supports delivery of evidence-based tobacco treatment.

Methods Our multidisciplinary team applied a rigorous HCD process involving analysis of the work environment, user involvement in formative design, iterative improvements, and evaluation of the system's use in context with the following three cohorts: (1) parents who smoke, (2) pediatric clinicians, and (3) clinic staff. Participants from each cohort were presented with scenario-based, high-fidelity mockups of system components and then provided input related to their role in using the CDS system.

Results We engaged 70 representative participants including 30 parents, 30 clinicians, and 10 clinic staff. A key theme of the design review sessions across all cohorts was the need to automate functions of the system. Parents emphasized a system that presented information in a simple way, highlighted benefits of quitting smoking, and allowed direct connection to treatment. Pediatric clinicians emphasized automating tobacco treatment. Clinical staff emphasized screening for parent smoking via several modalities prior to the patient's visit. Once the system was developed, most parents (80%) reported that it was easy to use, and the majority of pediatricians reported that they would use the system (97%) and were satisfied with it (97%).

Conclusion A CDS system to support parental tobacco cessation in pediatric primary care, developed through an HCD process, proved easy to use and acceptable to parents, clinicians, and office staff. This preliminary work justifies evaluating the impact of the system on helping parents quit smoking.
Elastic membrane enabled inward pumping for liquid manipulation on a centrifugal microfluidic platform
Authors: Liu Yujia , Kulinsky Lawrence , Shiri Roya , Madou Marc
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, centrifugal microfluidic platforms are finding wider acceptance for implementing point-of-care assays due to the simplicity of the controls, the versatility of the fluidic operations, and the ability to create a self-enclosed system, thus minimizing the risk of contamination for either the sample or surroundings. Despite these advantages, one of the inherent weaknesses of CD microfluidics is that all the sequential fluidic chambers and channels must be positioned radially since the centrifugal force acts from the center of the disk outward. Implementation of schemes where the liquid can be rerouted from the disk periphery to the disk center would significantly increase the utility of CD platforms and increase the rational utilization of the real estate on the disk. The present study outlines a novel utilization of elastic membranes covering fluidic chambers to implement inward pumping whereby the fluid is returned from the disk periphery to the center of the disk. When the disk revolves at an angular velocity of 3600 rpm, liquid enters the chamber covered by the elastic membrane. This membrane is deflected upward by liquid, storing energy like a compressed spring. When the angular velocity of the disk is reduced to 180 rpm and thus the centrifugal force is diminished, the elastic membrane pushes the liquid from the chamber inward, closer to the center of the disk. There are two channels leading from the elastic membrane-covered reservoir—one channel has a higher fluidic resistance and the other (wider) has a lower fluidic resistance. The geometry of these two channels determines the fluidic path inward (toward the center of the disk). Most of the liquid travels through the recirculating channel with lower resistance. We demonstrated an inward pumping efficiency in the range of 78%–89%. Elastic membrane-driven inward pumping was demonstrated for the application of enhanced fluid mixing. Additionally, to demonstrate the utility of the proposed pumping mechanism for multi-step assays on the disk, we implemented and tested a disk design that combines plasma separation and inward pumping.
Big trees of small baskets: phylogeny of the Australian genus
Authors: Clowes Catherine , Fowler Rachael M. , Fahey Patrick S. , Kellermann Jürgen , Brown Gillian K. , Bayly Michael J.
Published: May 2022

Spyridium Fenzl is a genus of ~45 species endemic to south-western and south-eastern Australia. This study provides the most comprehensive phylogenies of Spyridium to date, analysing both entire chloroplast genomes and the nuclear ribosomal array (18S–5.8S–26S). There was substantial incongruence between the chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies, creating phylogenetic uncertainty, but some clear relationships and biogeographic patterns could be established. Analyses support the monophyly of Spyridium, identifying an early east–west split at the base of the nuclear phylogeny and deep divergences of New South Wales and Tasmanian endemic clades. We also found evidence of more recent dispersal events between eastern and western Australia and between Tasmania and the mainland. Eleven taxa were found to be monophyletic in the nrDNA phylogeny and two were clearly polyphyletic (S. eriocephalum Fenzl and S. phylicoides Reissek). Although the polyphyly of S. eriocephalum correlates with the two varieties, suggesting distinct taxa, further research is required on S. phylicoides.
Correction of intense laser–plasma interactions by QED vacuum polarization in collision of laser beams
Authors: Chen Wen-Bo , Bu Zhi-Gang
Published: May 2022

The influence of vacuum polarization effects on the interactions of multiple ultra-intense lasers with plasmas is discussed. The nonlinear paraxial monochromatic model of the interactions has been improved by considering the Heisenberg–Euler Lagrangian density of two laser processes. Comparing the corrections of vacuum polarization effects in the collision of laser beams with one generated by a single intense laser, we find that the former has a higher order of magnitude correction. The laser collision also produces variations in the propagation direction and polarization direction of the lasers propagating in the plasma. In addition, the strong-field quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects can be enhanced by increasing the laser intensity or frequency difference, or by adjusting the incident angles of the two laser beams.
Broadband and high efficiency terahertz metasurfaces for anomalous refraction and vortex beam generation
Authors: Li Wen-Yu , Sun Ran , Liu Jing-Yu , Meng Tian-Hua , Zhao Guo-Zhong
Published: May 2022

The applications of metasurfaces are currently a highly active research field due to their extraordinary ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. The ultra-thin characteristics of metasurfaces allow the miniaturization and integration of metasurface devices. However, these devices work typically under a low efficiency and narrow bandwidth condition. In this work, we design eight multilayered unit cells with similar amplitudes and a phase interval of π/4, which convert the polarization states of the terahertz (THz) waves between two orthogonal directions. The average cross-polarized transmission amplitudes of these cells are all around 0.9 in an ultra-broad frequency range from 0.5 THz to 1.4 THz. Furthermore, unit cells are used to construct both an ultra-thin anomalous refraction metalens and a vortex phase plate. Our simulation results show that the anomalous refraction for the transmitted linear polarization component is comparable to the theoretical prediction, and the maximum error is determined to be below 4.8%. The vortex phase plate can also generate an ideal terahertz vortex beam with a mode purity of 90% and more. The distributions of longitudinal electric field, intensity, and phase illustrate that the generated vortex beam has excellent propagation characteristics and a weak divergence. Simulations of the two types of metasurface devices, based on the eight unit cells, exhibit very high efficiencies in a wide bandwidth. Our research will assist in the improvement in the practical applications of metasurfaces. It also provides a reference for the design of high efficiency and broadband devices that are applied to other frequency ranges.
Magnetic properties of oxides and silicon single crystals
Authors: Huang Zhong-Xue , Wang Rui , Yang Xin , Chen Hao-Feng , Cao Li-Xin
Published: May 2022

The magnetic properties of single crystals Si, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, MgO, and (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 were investigated systematically. Three origins of the magnetizations of these crystals, namely, an intrinsic diamagnetic, a paramagnetic, and a ferromagnetic contribution, have been found to influence the magnetic signals measured on the crystals, in some important application scenarios such crystals being served as substrates with the magnetic thin film epitaxially grown on. Quantitative analyses methodologies were developed and thorough investigations were performed on the crystals with the intrinsic materials parameters thus revealed, especially that the intrinsic diamagnetic susceptibility differential dχ
dia/dT were identified quantitatively for the first time in SrTiO3, LaAlO3, MgO, and (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3. The paramagnetic contribution is found to be the key in terms of the magnetic properties of the crystals, which in turn is in fact a consequence of the 3d impurities doping inside the crystal. All the intrinsic materials parameters are given in this paper as datasets, the datasets are openly available at https://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00028.
Recent advances of defect-induced spin and valley polarized states in graphene
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jia Liangguang , Chen Yaoyao , He Lin , Wang Yeliang
Published: May 2022

Electrons in graphene have fourfold spin and valley degeneracies owing to the unique bipartite honeycomb lattice and an extremely weak spin–orbit coupling, which can support a series of broken symmetry states. Atomic-scale defects in graphene are expected to lift these degenerate degrees of freedom at the nanoscale, and hence, lead to rich quantum states, highlighting promising directions for spintronics and valleytronics. In this article, we mainly review the recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) advances on the spin and/or valley polarized states induced by an individual atomic-scale defect in graphene, including a single-carbon vacancy, a nitrogen-atom dopant, and a hydrogen-atom chemisorption. Lastly, we give a perspective in this field.
Errors-in-variables calibration with dark uncertainty
Authors: Cecelski Christina E , Toman Blaza , Liu Fong-Ha , Meija Juris , Possolo Antonio
Published: May 2022

A model for errors-in-variables regression is described that can be used to overcome the challenge posed by mutually inconsistent calibration data. The model and its implementation are illustrated in applications to the measurement of the amount fraction of oxygen in nitrogen from key comparison CCQM-K53, and of carbon isotope delta values in steroids from human urine. These two examples clearly demonstrate that inconsistencies in measurement results can be addressed similarly to how laboratory effects are often invoked to deal with mutually inconsistent results from interlaboratory studies involving scalar measurands. Bayesian versions of errors-in-variables regression, fitted via Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, are employed, which yield estimates of the key comparison reference function in one example, and of the analysis function in the other. The fitting procedures also characterize the uncertainty associated with these functions, while quantifying and propagating the ‘excess’ dispersion that was unrecognized in the uncertainty budgets for the individual measurements, and that therefore is missing from the reported uncertainties. We regard this ‘excess’ dispersion as an expression of dark uncertainty, which we take into account in the context of calibrations that involve regression models. In one variant of the model the estimate of dark uncertainty is the same for all the participants in the comparison, while in another variant different amounts of dark uncertainty are assigned to different participants. We compare these models with the conventional errors-in-variables model underlying the procedure that ISO 6143 recommends for building analysis functions. Applications of this procedure are often preceded by the selection of a subset of the measurement results deemed to be mutually consistent, while the more discrepant ones are set aside. This new model is more inclusive than the conventional model, in that it easily accommodates measurement results that are mutually inconsistent. It produces results that take into account contributions from all apparent sources of uncertainty, regardless of whether these sources are already understood and their contributions have been included in the reported uncertainties, or still require investigation after they will have been detected and quantified.
Interstitial hydrogen enhances the mobility of some grain boundaries in tungsten
Authors: Mathew Nithin , Perez Danny , Suk Wonjoon , Uberuaga Blas P. , Martinez Enrique
Published: May 2022

Segregation of interstitials at a grain boundary (GB) is known to generally lower its mobility. This phenomenon, called ‘solute-drag’, has important ramifications on the process of recrystallization and microstructural evolution. In this manuscript, we present predictions from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which demonstrate that interstitial hydrogen in tungsten can in fact increase the mobility of some GBs which exhibit shear coupling. Assuming a disconnection-based mechanism, activation energies and pre-factors for disconnection nucleation are predicted from simulations of shear-coupled motion. In GBs where enhanced mobility is predicted, interstitial H reduces both the activation energy and the pre-factor for disconnection nucleation, thus effectively increasing the mobility. For GBs with diminished mobility, MD predicts that presence of interstitial H reduces the pre-factor and, in some cases, increases the activation energy. The reduction in the activation energy inferred from MD simulations are confirmed by nudged elastic band calculations. Temperature-dependent structural transitions are observed for some GBs, and the effect of interstitial H is found to change with the changes in structure. The effect of interstitial H is predicted to be complex and highly variable, providing some plausible explanations for experimental observations on the recrystallization of tungsten in presence of H-loaded plasma.
Pandemic-induced shocks and shifts in forest-based livelihood strategies: learning from COVID-19 in the Bia West District of Ghana
Authors: Kuuwill Ametus , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon , Campion Benjamin Betey
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped societies and will continue to do so. Despite its salience, micro-scale evidence on how this pandemic reshapes the livelihood strategies of forest communities in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. To bridge this lacuna, this paper analyses the dynamics around forest-based livelihood strategies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Bia West District of Ghana. Key informant interviews (n = 8) and a survey of forest-dependent households (n = 100) were conducted to generate relevant data. The study identified fuelwood harvesting, medicinal plants extraction, fruit-gathering and beekeeping as the four livelihood activities that were predominantly practised in the study communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis established an increase in the number of households that diversified into fuelwood harvesting. Regarding medicinal plants collection as a livelihood strategy, less than 10% of households either diversified or intensified this practice with similar charges recorded in fruit-gathering and beekeeping. The logistic regression disclosed gender, household size, education and income, as the socioeconomic variables that significantly predict livelihood diversification and intensification during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the financial, social and physical asset base of households significantly shaped livelihood diversification. Diversification into fuelwood collection, medicinal plants extraction and beekeeping were the strategies that showed a significant positive correlation with the well-being outcomes of forest-based households. While this paper provides fresh evidence to inform the vulnerability dimension of the sustainable livelihoods framework, it further calls for policy interventions to build pandemic-resilient livelihood strategies around forest communities.
Transport and localization in quantum walks on a random hierarchy of barriers
Authors: Sharma Richa , Boettcher Stefan
Published: May 2022

We study transport within a spatially heterogeneous one-dimensional quantum walk with a combination of hierarchical and random barriers. Recent renormalization group calculations for a spatially disordered quantum walk with a regular hierarchy of barriers alone have shown a gradual decrease in transport but no localization for increasing (but finite) barrier sizes. In turn, it is well-known that extensive random disorder in the spatial barriers is sufficient to localize a quantum walk on the line. Here we show that adding only a sparse (sub-extensive) amount of randomness to a hierarchy of barriers is sufficient to induce localization such that transport ceases. Our numerical results suggest the existence of a localization transition for a combination of both, the strength of the regular barrier hierarchy at large enough randomness as well as the increasing randomness at sufficiently strong barriers in the hierarchy.
Study on flexural properties of coal gangue powder asphalt mixture under freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Wu Jinrong , Zhao Wenzhu , Cui Shancheng , Jin Aihua
Published: May 2022

In order to study the influence of freeze-thaw cycle on the flexural performance of asphalt pavement, semi-circular flexural test (SCB) is carried out. Coal gangue powder (accounting for 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by weight of ore powder) is used to replace ore powder to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt.According to the test data, the load-displacement curve is drawn, the ultimate tensile stress(

σ

t

) is studied, and the variation law of different coal gangue powder replacement rates under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 2, 4, and 6 times) is analyzed by ultimate tensile stress. The test results show that the best replacement rate of coal gangue powder is 50%, and

σ

t

decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, so adding coal gangue powder can reduce the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the bending performance of asphalt pavement. By analyzing the load-displacement curve, energy indexes such as WD(total work from initial failure to complete failure), WU(energy dissipation from initial failure to complete failure), WS(work from initial failure to specimen failure) and

η

are obtained. In the freeze-thaw cycle, with the increase of cycle times, the energy consumption of WD, WU and WS decreases, which aggravates the damage of asphalt mixture and reduces the flexural capacity of specimens. Among them, six freeze-thaw cycles have the lowest flexural capacity of specimens, indicating that freeze-thaw damage directly affects the flexural performance of asphalt mixture.
Scalar curvature volume comparison theorems for almost rigid spheres
Authors: Zhang Yiyue
Published: May 2022

Bray’s football theorem gives a sharp volume upper bound for a three dimensional manifold with scalar curvature no less than

n
(
n
−
1
)

n(n-1)

and Ricci curvature at least

ε
0

g
¯

\varepsilon _0 \bar {g}

. This paper extends Bray’s football theorem in higher dimensions, assuming the manifold is axisymmetric or the Ricci curvature has a uniform upper bound. Effectively, we show that if the Ricci curvature of an

n
n

-manifold is close to that of a round n-sphere, a lower bound on scalar curvature gives an upper bound on the total volume.
Non-Archimedean indifferent components of rational functions that are not disks
Authors: Nopal-Coello Víctor
Published: May 2022

Consider a rational function of degree

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

acting on the Berkovich projective line of a complete and algebraically closed non-archimedean field. Rivera-Letelier has asked if a rational function in this setting can have infinitely many cycles of indifferent components that are not disks, and if not, if there exists a bound in terms of the degree of the function. In this work we show that for

d
=
2

d=2

the bound is

d
−
1

d-1

. By imposing an extra condition on the residue field and a connectivity requirement on the cycles of indifferent components that are not disks, the bound

d
−
1

d-1

is also achieved when

d
≥
3

d\geq 3

. To ensure that the bound is realized, we describe how to construct a rational function of degree

d
≥
2

d\geq 2

with exactly

d
−
1

d-1

cycles of indifferent components that are not disks.