bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practical proposals for the development of a system of mutual settlements for medical care for labor migrants between the Russian Federation and labor-exporting countries
Authors: Balynin Igor Viktorovich , Ragozin Andrei Vasil'evich , Grizenkova YUliya Viktorovna
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the humanitarian aspects of ensuring national security in the context of providing medical care to migrants. The subject is associated with the development of a system of mutual settlements for medical care to labor migrants between the Russian Federation and labor-exporting countries. The authors examine in detail the issues related to financial support for the provision of medical care to labor migrants, taking into account their unification into two groups: legal and illegal. The authors propose modernizing the legislation taking into account the minimization of financial risks and imposing the obligation to pay for medical care on the government bodies of the country from which the corresponding migrant arrived. A conclusion is made about the presence of not only direct, but also indirect effects, which, first of all, are associated with ensuring the achievement of the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. Мethods: data analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, graphic tools. Scientific novelty: the author's recommendations on the organization of a system of mutual settlements for medical care to labor migrants between the Russian Federation and labor exporting countries. A conclusion is made on the need to organize it taking into account the existing problems of financial support for the provision of medical care in the context of legal and illegal migrants. The authors propose to form statistics on the amount of expenditures of the budgets of the Russian Federation on the provision of medical care to labor migrants. The presented results will be in demand by the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of Russia and the Ministry of Health of Russia.
National wealth in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic system
Authors: Chikhireva Natalia Viktorovna
Published: November 2024

The subject of the research is the functions of national wealth, considered in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic system. National wealth in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic system is one of the fundamental indicators that reflects the totality of tangible and intangible resources at the disposal of the nation. During the transformation of the socio-economic system, there is a redistribution of national wealth between sectors of the economy. Transformation requires reforming state institutions, legal systems and management structures – this can affect the efficiency of using national wealth, increasing or decreasing economic stability, national security and investment attractiveness of the country. In modern conditions, special attention is paid to sustainable development, which involves the rational use of natural resources and minimization of environmental risks. Transformation of the system aimed at sustainable development contributes to the preservation and increase of national wealth in the long term. The purpose of the work is to determine the content and structure of national wealth in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic system. The research methodology is based on the generalization of information from domestic and foreign sources, statistical data on the issues considered in the work. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying qualitative changes in the characteristics of national wealth in the modern conditions of transformation of the socio-economic system. The article highlights the following stages (phases) in the development of the socio-economic system: crisis phase (destabilization phase), phase of awareness of the need for change, reform base (transformation phase), phase of adaptation and stabilization, phase of growth and development, phase of consolidation and institutionalization. The results of the study can be considered as an increase in scientific knowledge in economic theory.
"Dialectics of soul" and other psychological techniques in the novel "The Last Day" by Mikhail Naimy
Authors: Vlasova Yulia Evgenievna , Vavichkina Tatiana Anatolevna
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the novel "The Last Day" by the Lebanese writer Mikhail Naimy. The subject of the study was the "dialectic of the soul" and "stream of consciousness", that is, techniques for describing the human condition borrowed from Leo Tolstoy masterpieces. For one day, the soul of Musa al-Askari overcomes severe suffering, it dies and is reborn in a new form. A small person turns into a strong personality. Psychological techniques for describing borderline human states, taken from Fyodor Dostoevsky, also helped the Lebanese writer to reveal the depths of the hero's personality. The scientific novelty of the article is that the Russian writers' techniques are found in the little-studied Arabic novel "The Last Day" that is an illustration of the Russian literature influence on Arab culture. For the first time in Russian literary study, this novel is analyzed from the "dialectic of the soul" perspective. The research was conducted on the basis of historical, literary, comparative methods, using scientific methods of observation and description, analysis and synthesis. As a result, it is noted that the novel narrative is organized according to the psychological realism, in which there is a psychological analysis passed through the stream of consciousness, an internal monologue and the dialectic of the soul. The authors conclude that Naimy took a humanistic approach and a special psychological manner of narration from Russian literature, including Tolstoy and Dostoevsky's works, to convincingly prove that a person is a fine–tuned mechanism, that kindness will save the world, and the secret of happiness lies in serving people. The practical significance of the research is that its results develop the topic of cultural ties between Lebanon and Russia. The article contributes to the development of Arabic literature, which remains poorly studied by Russian literary study.
Endogenous hydrogen peroxide positively regulates secretion of a gut-derived peptide in neuroendocrine potentiation of the oxidative stress response in C. elegans
Authors: Jia Qi , Young Drew , Zhang Qixin , Sieburth Derek
Published: November 2024

The gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional signaling between the intestine and the nervous system and is critical for organism-wide homeostasis. Here we report the identification of a peptidergic endocrine circuit in which bidirectional signaling between neurons and the intestine potentiates the activation of the antioxidant response in
C. elegans
in the intestine. We identify a FMRF-amide-like peptide, FLP-2, whose release from the intestine is necessary and sufficient to activate the intestinal oxidative stress response by promoting the release of the antioxidant FLP-1 neuropeptide from neurons. FLP-2 secretion from the intestine is positively regulated by endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) produced in the mitochondrial matrix by
sod-3
/superoxide dismutase, and is negatively regulated by
prdx-2
/peroxiredoxin, which depletes H
2
O
2
in both the mitochondria and cytosol. H
2
O
2
promotes FLP-2 secretion through the DAG and calcium-dependent protein kinase C family member
pkc-2
and by the SNAP25 family member
aex-4
in the intestine. Together, our data demonstrate a role for intestinal H
2
O
2
in promoting inter-tissue antioxidant signaling through regulated neuropeptide-like protein exocytosis in a gut-brain axis to activate the oxidative stress response.
Bioactive Silk‐Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Magaz Adrián , Faroni Alessandro , Gough Julie E. , Reid Adam J. , Li Xu , Blaker Jonny J.
Published: September 2018

Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury‐healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk‐based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
Photonic Capsule Sensors with Built‐In Colloidal Crystallites
Authors: Choi Tae Min , Je Kwanghwi , Park Jin‐Gyu , Lee Gun Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun
Published: September 2018

Technologies to monitor microenvironmental conditions and its spatial distribution are in high demand, yet remain unmet need. Herein, photonic microsensors are designed in a capsule format that can be injected, suspended, and implanted in any target volume. Colorimetric sensors are loaded in the core of microcapsules by assembling core–shell colloids into crystallites through the depletion attraction. The shells of the colloids are made of a temperature‐responsive hydrogel, which enables the crystallites to rapidly and widely tune the structural color in response to a change in temperature while maintaining close‐packed arrays. The spherical symmetry of the microcapsules renders them optically isotropic, i.e., displaying orientation‐independent color. In addition, as a solid membrane is used to protect the delicate crystallites from external stresses, their high stability is assured. More importantly, each microcapsule reports the temperature of its microenvironment so that a suspension of capsules can provide information on the spatial distribution of the temperature.
Bioresponsive Nanoparticles Targeted to Infectious Microenvironments for Sepsis Management
Authors: Zhang Can Yang , Gao Jin , Wang Zhenjia
Published: September 2018

Sepsis is a life‐threatening disease resulted from a dysregulated host immune response to bacterial infections, continuing to cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite discoveries of many potential therapeutic targets, effective treatments of sepsis are lacking. Here, a strategy is reported to target infectious microenvironments (IMEs) via bioresponsive nanoparticles that simultaneously eliminate bacteria and alleviate the host inflammation response, thus managing sepsis in mice. The nanoparticle is made of copolymers sensitive to pH and bacterial enzymes to self‐assemble into a micelle loaded with both an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and an anti‐inflammatory agent ((2‐[(aminocarbonyl)amino]‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐thiophenecarboxamide). In addition, the nanoparticle is conjugated with intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibodies to target IMEs. Nanoparticle targeting to IMEs and local cues as triggers to deliver therapeutics in on‐demand manners is demonstrated using an acute lung bacterial infection mouse model. In the sepsis mouse model induced by peritonitis at a lethal dose of bacterial invasion, it is shown that concurrently targeting pathogens and excessive inflammation pathways is valuable to manage the sepsis. The study illustrates not only the development of a new delivery system but also the mechanism‐based therapy of nanomedicine for infectious diseases.
Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Iodonium Ylides and Electron‐Deficient Alkenes through a Highly Efficient Catalyst‐Free Process
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zeng Rong , Feng Xin , Dai Qing‐Song , Liu Yue , Liu Yan‐Qing , Wang Qi‐Wei , Li Qing‐Zhu , Li Jun‐Long
Published: September 2018

Catalyst and solvent‐free reactions have attracted great attention from chemists because of their inherent advantages that coincide with the principles of sustainable chemistry and the increasing public awareness of environmental protection. Here, we disclose the first catalyst‐free intermolecular cyclopropanation of phenyliodonium ylides with electron‐deficient alkenes. Full conversion can be achieved at ambient temperature, in the absence of any catalyst, within a short reaction time. Importantly, such reactions work reasonably well in water or even under solvent‐free conditions, which enables a green, convenient and efficient way to synthesize valuable multifunctional vinylcyclopropanes.
Numerical study of isothermal heterogeneous catalysis exhibiting multiple steady states, limit cycles, and chaos in a complex reaction network
Authors: Luo Yuan‐Hong , Chien Yu‐Shu , Chiou Ming‐Shen , Lin Yeong‐Iuan , Li Hsing‐Ya
Published: September 2018

We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of an isothermal system involving complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions by numerical simulation. Multiple steady states, limit cycles, torus, and chaos are found, which demonstrate that these nonlinear behaviors are derived from the intricacy of chemistry itself, instead of either thermal or autocatalytic effects. The steady‐state multiplicity is determined by the chemical reaction network toolbox. Starting from one of the steady states, bifurcations are detected via the variation of the system parameters using numerical continuation software. Bifurcations, such as limit points, cusp bifurcations, Hopf bifurcations, zero Hopf bifurcations, limit cycles, and torus are found. Numerical simulations show two routes of transition to chaos due to torus breakdown. One route is due to the loss of torus smoothness. The other is via period‐doubling bifurcations of the limit cycles. Lyapunov exponents are calculated, and positive values are obtained for the chaotic dynamics. Poincare maps and power spectrum densities are also shown to determine the chaotic orbits.
The improvement and analysis of the high‐pressure propane recovery process
Authors: Jiang Hong , Zhang Shijian , Jing Jiaqiang , Zhu Cong
Published: September 2018

The recovery of propane from high‐pressure natural gas is an effective approach to increasing the economic benefits of the gas field. Currently, the high‐pressure absorber (HPA) process is the most common process available for recovering high‐pressure natural gas liquid. We have proposed two improved processes based on the HPA process for propane recovery from high‐pressure natural gas: revised HPA and HPA recycle liquid (HPARL) processes. Through the optimization algorithm, the three processes were optimized with the lowest unit energy consumption as the objective. The optimization results show that the HPARL process has a substantial energy‐saving advantage when the feed pressure is sufficiently high under lean gas conditions, whereas the HPARL process requires greater cooling capacity than the HPA and revised HPA processes under rich gas conditions to ensure recovery. The exergy analysis of the processes under the optimized conditions shows that the main exergy loss in the three processes originates from the deethanizer and that the exergy loss difference caused by the deethanizer in each process is derived from the first stage and the eighth stage. Because of the extensive exergy loss at the first stage of HPARL, this process has the highest deethanizer exergy loss under all conditions. The exergy efficiency difference among the three processes is very small under different conditions.
One year later to Black and White perspectives on Get Out
Authors: Holmes Natasha , Lang Frances
Published: September 2018

The 2017 film Get Out by the African American director Jordan Peele has been widely reviewed by journalists, activists, and sociologists. To our knowledge, it has not yet been reviewed or commented on by psychoanalysts. We will discuss the film from the perspective of a White psychoanalyst and a Black psychoanalytically oriented psychologist. The White author will discuss her experience of the film as a daydream reaching deeply into the screenwriter/director's unconscious beliefs. The Black author will discuss her experience of it as a reminder of the threat to Black and Brown bodies when individuals are not “woke” and will explore the collective intergenerational trauma forcing Black and Brown people into the state of being “woke.” Finally, she will discuss how, even in the collaborative process of creating this paper, she experienced her Blackness as exploited to legitimize and validate the White author's experience.
Multiplexed Metabolic Labeling of Glycoconjugates in Polarized Primary Cerebral Cortical Neurons
Authors: Choi Ji Yu , Seo Jeongyeon , Park Matthew , Kim Mi‐Hee , Kang Kyungtae , Choi Insung S.
Published: September 2018

The spatial distribution of cell‐surface glycoconjugates in the brain changes continuously, reflecting neurophysiology especially in the developing phase, but their functions and fates mostly remain unexplored. Their spatiotemporal distribution is particularly important in polarized neuronal cells, such as cerebral cortical neurons composed of a soma and neurites. In this work, we dually labeled sialic acid (Sia5Ac) and N‐acetylgalactosamine/glucosamine (GalNAc/GlcNAc) by a neurocompatible strategy of metabolic glycan labeling, metabolism‐by‐tissues (MbT), and obtained the multiplexed information on their spatiotemporal distribution on polarized cortical neurons. The analyses showed the preferentially distinct distribution of each saccharide set at the late developmental stage after randomized, heterogeneous distribution at the early stage, suggesting that Sia5Ac and GalNAc/GlcNAc are translocated anisotropically during neuronal development.
Synthesis and Charge‐Transporting Properties of Dibenzothiphene Dioxide‐Based Polysiloxanes
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Liu Junteng , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie
Published: September 2018

We designed and synthesized a dibenzothiphene dioxide‐based homopolysiloxane, PDBTSi, and a carbazole‐dibenzothiophene dioxide alternating copolysiloxane, PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi, respectively. Both PDBTSi and PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi possess an improved solubility, good film‐forming ability and extremely high thermal stability due to introduction of polysiloxane main chains. Meanwhile, PDBTSi and PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi exhibit high triplet energy levels of 2.95 eV and 3.05 eV, respectively. Furthermore, PDBTSi possesses good electron‐transporting property with an electron mobility of 1.02×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a relatively balanced hole mobility of 8.76×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. In contrast, PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi exhibits an electron mobility of 4.65×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a hole mobility of 1.17×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Therefore, our results here provide a feasible strategy to obtain solution‐processed polysiloxane materials with high and balanced electron‐ and hole‐transporting properties.
Small Molecules to Target the Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase
Authors: Zhang Baoxin , Liu Yuxin , Li Xinming , Xu Jianqiang , Fang Jianguo
Published: September 2018

The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are the only identified proteins that maintain thioredoxin (Trx) proteins in a reduced state under physiological conditions, and consequently play a pivotal role in the regulation of various cellular redox signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation, growth, and death. The elevated expression of TrxR enzymes has been observed in different types of cancer cells, and this overexpression is of pathological significance in maintaining tumor phenotypes, such as uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the study of TrxR, including classic assays of TrxR, the emerging chemical tools of TrxR, and small molecules that target TrxR as potential anticancer agents.
Treating obsessive compulsive behavior and enhancing peer engagement in a preschooler with intellectual disability
Authors: Guertin Emily L. , Vause Tricia , Jaksic Heather , Frijters Jan C. , Feldman Maurice
Published: September 2018

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in cognitive and adaptive functioning in social, practical, or conceptual domains. Individuals with ID present with higher‐order repetitive behaviors such as a need for sameness, ritualistic, and compulsive behaviors. Often referred to as obsessive compulsive behaviors (OCBs), these behaviors increase in prevalence between 2 and 5 years of age. The present study evaluated an exposure‐based behavioral intervention for decreasing OCBs and concomitantly increasing play skills in a 4‐year‐old boy with mild ID in an inclusive preschool setting. Using a multiple baseline across behaviors design, the intervention was associated with a decrease in target behaviors and an increase in the duration of peer social engagement, with results maintained at 3‐week follow‐up. The intervention consisted of exposure and response prevention with function‐based components. Procedures including prompting and reinforcement were generalized to parent and teacher mediators. This study provides preliminary support for the use of an exposure‐based behavioral intervention to treat OCBs in children of preschool age with ID.
Development of Helium Isotope Reference Materials near Ambient 3He/4He Ratio
Authors: Kim Jeong Eun , Yang Inseok , Kim Jin Seog
Published: September 2018

The 3He/4He ratio in the atmosphere is known to be 1.34 × 10−6. For accurate measurement of low 3He concentrations, a certified reference material (CRM) with a low 3He/4He ratio is necessary. In this work, we produced a new 3He CRM of helium isotopic ratio standard by the gravimetric method with a 3He concentration similar to that of the atmospheric air. Previously, a helium isotope CRM with a 3He concentration of 3He/4He = 4743 μmol/mol was developed. Because 3He/4He ratio of atmospheric helium is much lower than this, we decided to produce a new 3He CRM of helium isotopic ratio and the previously prepared 3He CRM was diluted by the gravimetric method. The concentration of 3He in the high purity helium gas used for dilution was measured by comparing it with the newly prepared low 3He concentration CRMs.
What the ʾell? Testicle is a diminutive!
Authors: Neumann Paul E.
Published: September 2018

The frequency of diminutives in anatomical Latin has often been noted to be high, but that is not unusual in postclassical Latin. Although the connotation of “little” is well known, many of the diminutives in anatomical Latin do not have that meaning. The morphology of regular, irregular, and secondary diminutives is presented, along with that of adjectival forms of diminutives. Several transgendered and malformed diminutives are discussed. Clin. Anat. 31:1100–1103, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How the public autopsy of a slave Joice Heth launched P.T. Barnum's career as the Greatest Showman on Earth
Authors: Wright James R.
Published: September 2018

P.T. Barnum's career as the Greatest Showman on Earth began in 1835, when he “leased” and then publically exhibited a frail African American slave Joice Heth, who was reportedly the 161‐year‐old former nursemaid of George Washington, throughout New England; the contract was a lease, as slave ownership had recently become illegal in northern states. Barnum exhibited Heth 6 days a week for up to 12 hr a day. Under this grueling schedule, Heth became ill and died while under contract. Barnum sold tickets for her autopsy, which was performed by David L. Rogers, an accomplished New York surgeon, in front of an audience of 1,500 paying customers. Roger's autopsy determined that Heth was no more than 80 years old, and the penny newspapers, a new form of public media, called this a “humbug” and then published dozens of fabricated “fake news” stories about Barnum, Rogers, and Heth. Barnum and his business partner generated valuable publicity by telling different penny newspapers different stories. This whole spectacle launched Barnum's career as an entertainer. Five years earlier, Rogers performed a public dissection of Charles Gibbs, an infamous Caribbean pirate who was tried, convicted, and hung in New York City. This article describes the bizarre nature of American politics and culture in the 1830s that made all of these seem normal. I will also distinguish between “public dissection” and “public autopsy,” and put these into an historical context. Finally, I will address the macabre concept of autopsy as a form of entertainment. Clin. Anat. 31:956–965, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disruption of symmetry: A quantitative assessment of facial skeleton anatomy in children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Ahmad Yaser , Starbuck John M.
Published: September 2018

Unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is a craniofacial deformity characterized by lip and palate clefting on one side of the face. UCLP originates from failures in neural crest migration and differentiation during embryological development, impairing facial primordia fusion (medial nasal, maxillary, and lateral processes) resulting in clefting. Persons with UCLP experience issues in nasal breathing, speaking, and mastication. Facial directional asymmetry (DA), consisting of left–right side differences biased toward one particular side, can arise from environmental or hereditary factors. This retrospective, cross‐sectional study, quantifies DA in the facial skeleton of children with surgically repaired UCLP. We tested the hypothesis that DA is significantly increased in persons with UCLP. Twenty‐three anatomical landmark coordinates were measured from cone beam computed tomography images of two age‐ and sex‐matched samples: (1) persons with UCLP post‐surgery (n = 26, 7–17 years); (2) typical children (n = 26, 7–17 years). From these coordinates, 81 bilateral paired measurements were calculated and statistically assessed for DA differences using Principal Components Analysis and Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis. Samples separate in high‐dimensional space and 35.8% of bilateral measures are statistically significant. Patterns of significant DA differences between samples were explored based on magnitude. Compared with the control group, in all but five cases, significant DA was greater in persons with UCLP. Regions derived from the maxillary and nasal prominences demonstrated the most DA. These results are important for medical practitioners for identifying the extent to which patients with UCLP deviate from the norm. Clin. Anat. 31:1129–1136, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laterally Stretched Flap With Connective Tissue Graft to Treat Single Narrow Deep Recession Defects on Lower Incisors
Authors: Carranza Nelson , Pontarolo Constanza , Rojas Mariana A.
Published: September 2018

Introduction

Gingival recession (GR) is one of the most common esthetic concerns for patients, and several surgical procedures have been developed for its treatment.

It has been widely demonstrated that root coverage of shallow Miller class I and II areas of gingival recession is generally predictable, but the treatment of deep recessions associated with lack of attached keratinized tissue remains a challenge even for skilled surgeons.

Although this type of recessions can be treated with tunneling procedures, because of their size, covering the connective tissue grafts (CTGs) with displaced flaps provide better graft nutrition and improve the outcome.

The purpose of this case series is to present an alternative treatment to the traditional laterally displaced flap and tunneling techniques used for deep narrow recessions: The “laterally stretched flap” (LSF) with CTG.

Case Presentation

Five healthy patients with isolated Miller Class II narrow deep gingival recessions were included in the case series. All the defects were treated with LSF and CTG. Complete root coverage (CRC) was achieved in 80% of the cases (4/5). Keratinized tissue increase was obtained in all the cases. The follow‐up was between one and three years.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this case series, LSF + CTG demonstrated to be a promising technique for the treatment of narrow deep recessions. The lack of vertical incisions and an envelope approach renders a more stable wound with minimal scar formation and patient discomfort.
Loss‐of‐control eating in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea
Published: September 2018

By now, most health care providers are aware that pediatric obesity is a major public health concern. Nearly 20% of American children and adolescents have overweight or obesity, meaning that their body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) is at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. While there are many genetic and environmental factors that contribute to obesity, problematic eating behaviors play a role in its onset and/or maintenance for many children and adolescents. Since youth with obesity often struggle with body dissatisfaction and shape‐ or weight‐related concerns, disordered eating behaviors are fairly prevalent in this population — about two to three times higher than what is reported by similar‐aged youth who are not in the overweight/obese range.
Enhancing CBT for anxiety disorders in children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2018

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) could be enhanced by exposure components for a successful adaptation as a treatment for childhood anxiety disorders, researchers have found in a literature review.
Children, mental health, and stigma: Promising initiatives
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: September 2018

Just over 20% of children, either currently or at some point in their life, have a seriously debilitating mental health disorder, and half of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. And yet, just over half of these children received treatment. One of the barriers to seeking treatment is the fear of others finding out, or the stigma of being identified as having a mental illness. Despite progress in identification and treatment, there is still enough stigma about mental illness to affect the likelihood that children or their families will seek help, and enough to ensure that children experience shame at being perceived as “less than” their peers.
Transaminase‐Catalyzed Racemization with Potential for Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions
Authors: Ruggieri Federica , van Langen Luuk M. , Logan Derek T. , Walse Björn , Berglund Per
Published: September 2018

Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reactions in which a stereoselective enzyme and a racemization step are coupled in one pot would represent powerful tools for the production of enantiopure amines through enantioconvergence of racemates. The exploitation of DKR strategies is currently hampered by the lack of effective, enzyme‐compatible and scalable racemization strategies for amines. In the present work, the proof of concept of a fully biocatalytic method for amine racemization is presented. Both enantiomers of the model compound 1‐methyl‐3‐phenylpropylamine could be racemized in water and at room temperature using a couple of wild‐type, non‐proprietary, enantiocomplementary amine transaminases and a minimum amount of pyruvate/alanine as a co‐substrate couple. The biocatalytic simultaneous parallel cascade reaction presented here poses itself as a customizable amine racemization system with potential for the chemical industry in competition with traditional transition‐metal catalysis.
Production of β‐Alanine from Fumaric Acid Using a Dual‐Enzyme Cascade
Authors: Qian Yuanyuan , Liu Jia , Song Wei , Chen Xiulai , Luo Qiuling , Liu Liming
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to develop an environmentally safe and efficient method for β‐alanine production using a dual‐enzyme cascade route with L‐aspartase (AspA) fromE. coliand L‐aspartate‐α‐decarboxylase (PanD) fromCorynebacterium glutamicum. Poor cooperativity in this system due to the divergent catalysis efficiencies of AspA and PanD led to an imbalance between the two reactions. To address this issue, we employed ribosome binding site regulation and gene duplication to coordinate the expression levels of AspA and PanD. Finally, we achieved β‐alanine production of 80.4±1.6 g L−1with a conversion rate of 95.3±1.6 % in a 5‐L bioreactor. The dual‐enzyme cascade reported herein represents a promising strategy to meet industrial requirements for large‐scale β‐alanine production in the future.
Rational Design of Alkali‐Resistant NO Reduction Catalysts using a Stable Hexagonal V–Doped MoO3 Support for Alkali Trapping
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Gao Jiayi , Chen Yaxin , Li Chao , Chen Junxiao , Qu Weiye , Chen Xin , Ma Zhen , Tang Xingfu
Published: September 2018

The front cover artwork for issue 18/2018 is provided by Fudan University (China) and Beijing Sondii Technology Co Ltd. The image shows that the thermal stability of hexagonal MoO3 (HMoO) is enhanced by substituting some Mo5+ centers with V5+. The V‐doped HMoO can be used as an alkali‐trapping support for making V2O5/V‐HMoO catalysts effective in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800818.
Nano‐Impact Electrochemistry: Effects of Electronic Filtering on Peak Height, Duration, and Area
Authors: Kanokkanchana Kannasoot , Saw En N. , Tschulik Kristina
Published: September 2018

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Kristina Tschulik from Ruhr University Bochum (Germany). The cover picture shows the alteration of a current signal caused by the electronic filtering implemented in potentiostats. These filter effects are uncovered and a simple method is provided for electrochemists to test and validate their experimental setup. This is particularly important for transient single‐entity electrochemistry, which requires low current measurements at high time resolution. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800738.
Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses Equipped with Stimuli‐Responsive Molecular Gates for Controlled Delivery of Levofloxacin against Bacteria
Authors: Polo Lorena , Gómez‐Cerezo Natividad , García‐Fernández Alba , Aznar Elena , Vivancos José‐Luis , Arcos Daniel , Vallet‐Regí María , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón
Published: September 2018

An increase of bone diseases incidence has boosted the study of ceramic biomaterials as potential osteo‐inductive scaffolds. In particular, mesoporous bioactive glasses have demonstrated to possess a broad application in the bone regeneration field, due their osteo‐regenerative capability and their ability to release drugs from the mesoporous structure. These special features have been studied as an option to fight against bone infection, which is one of the most common problems regarding bone regeneration therapies. In this work, a mesoporous bioglass functionalized with polyamines and capped with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the molecular gate was developed for the controlled release of the antibiotic levofloxacin. Phosphate bonds of ATP were hydrolyzed in the presence of acid phosphatase (APase), the concentration of which is significantly increased in bone infection due to the activation of bone resorption processes. The solid was characterized and tested successfully against bacteria. The final gated solid induced bacterial death only in the presence of acid phosphatase. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the solid is not toxic against human cells. The double function of the prepared material as a drug delivery system and bone regeneration enhancer confirms the possible development of a new approach in the tissue engineering field, in which controlled release of therapeutic agents can be finely tuned and, at the same time, osteoinduction is favored.
Design of Chiral Bifunctional Dialkyl Sulfide Catalysts for Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Bromolactonization
Authors: Nishiyori Ryuichi , Tsuchihashi Ayano , Mochizuki Ayaka , Kaneko Kazuma , Yamanaka Masahiro , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: September 2018

Although a wide variety of chiral organocatalysts have been developed for asymmetric transformations, effective chiral dialkyl sulfide organocatalysts remain relatively rare and under‐developed, despite the potential utility of dialkyl sulfide catalysts. Herein, we report the development of chiral bifunctional dialkyl sulfide catalysts possessing a urea moiety for regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective bromolactonization. The importance of the bifunctional design of chiral sulfide catalysts was clearly demonstrated in the present work. The roles of both the sulfide and urea moieties of the catalyst were clarified based on the results of experimental and theoretical investigation.
Embryo timelapses can be compiled and quantified to understand canonical histone dynamics across multiple cell cycles
Authors: Smith Lydia , Maddox Paul
Published: September 2018

In the last decade, computational processing of big datasets has facilitated the analyses of unprecedented quantities of biological data. Thus, automation and big data analysis have been revolutionary in detecting and quantifying subtle phenotypes in cell biological contexts. Analyzing similar quantities of data in larger and more complicated biological systems such as developing embryos has been more challenging due to experimental limitations on both ensemble data collection and analysis. These challenges include photosensitivity of living samples and of the fluorescently tagged proteins under study, collectively limiting the number of images that can be acquired in a single timelapse series. Here we present a streamlined workflow to quantify dynamics of fluorescently labeled proteins over the course of several cell cycles in early embryos, taking advantage of the stereotypical nature of early development that is inherent for many organisms. We benchmark this pipeline studying a fluorescently labeled histone during early embryonic development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our strategy allowed us to overcome biological and experimental variation among our timelapse series and quantify nuclear accumulation rate, chromatin incorporation, and turnover/stability of canonical histones. We find that histone proteins are broadly stable in early C. elegans development. Thus, changes in genome regulation occurring in early development do not manifest in gross changes in histone metabolism. Our method enabling characterization of cumulative protein dynamics over several cell cycles of developmental time with high temporal resolution can be applied to expand our understanding of diverse cellular and developmental processes.
Lifestyle factors and health‐related quality of life in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Fang Fang , Hudson Melissa M. , Huang I‐Chan , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Brinkman Tara M. , Klosky James , Lu Lu , Chen Fan , Ojha Rohit P. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R.
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Survivors of childhood cancer report poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Modifiable lifestyle factors such as nutrition and physical activity represent opportunities for interventions to improve HRQOL.

METHODS

The authors examined the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and HRQOL among 2480 adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Dietary intake, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed through questionnaires. Weight and height were measured in the clinic. HRQOL was evaluated using the Medical Outcome Study 36‐Item Short Form Survey. The physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS), and 8 domain scores of HRQOL were calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate regression coefficients (β) associated with HRQOL differences.

RESULTS

Being physically active (PCS β = 3.10; and MCS β = 1.48) was associated with higher HRQOL whereas current cigarette smoking (PCS β = −2.30; and MCS β = −6.49) and obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) (PCS β = −3.29; and MCS β = −1.61) were associated with lower HRQOL in both the physical and mental domains. Better diet (Healthy Eating Index‐2015) was associated with higher physical HRQOL (PCS β = 1.79). Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with higher physical (PCS β = 1.14) but lower mental (MCS β = −1.13) HRQOL (all P <.05). Adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors demonstrated a linear trend with high scores in both physical and mental HRQOL (highest vs lowest adherence: PCS β = 7.60; and MCS β = 5.76 [P for trend, <.0001]).

CONCLUSIONS

The association between healthy lifestyle factors and HRQOL is cumulative, underscoring the importance of promoting multiple healthy lifestyles to enhance HRQOL in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer.
Is Raman Optical Activity Spectroscopy Sensitive to β‐Turns in Proteins? Secondary Structure and Side‐Chain Dependence
Authors: Mensch Carl , Johannessen Christian
Published: September 2018

β‐turns are essential for the structure and function of proteins. The spectroscopic technique Raman optical activity (ROA) has been suggested to be sensitive to such structural elements of proteins in solution. Three spectral features have been reported to mark β‐turns in protein ROA spectra: being a negative band at 1220 cm−1, positive intensity around 1290 cm−1 and negative intensity around 1340–1380 cm−1. In this work, density functional theory calculations demonstrated that these assignments are inaccurate as these spectral regions are not robust and sense the exact secondary structure surrounding the β‐turn as well. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the amino acid side‐chains affect the exact ROA patterns which can direct future research to perform a systematic analysis of the contributions of the side‐chains.
RNAi Screening: Automated High‐Throughput Liquid RNAi Screening in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jagadeesan Sakthimala , Hakkim Abdul
Published: September 2018

RNAi is a powerful reverse genetics tool that has revolutionized genetic studies in model organisms. The bacteriovorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be genetically manipulated by feeding it an Escherichia coli strain that expresses a double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) corresponding to a C. elegans gene, which leads to systemic silencing of the gene. This unit describes protocols for performing an automated high‐throughput RNAi screen utilizing a full‐genome C. elegans RNAi library. The protocols employ liquid‐handling robotics and 96‐well plates. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Burnout amongst clinical and counselling psychologist: The role of early maladaptive schemas and coping modes as vulnerability factors
Authors: Simpson Susan , Simionato Gabriella , Smout Matthew , van Vreeswijk Michiel F. , Hayes Chris , Sougleris Christina , Reid Corinne
Published: September 2018

Psychologists are subject to multiple competing emotional demands that increase the risk of burnout. Research has demonstrated that burnout arises from both organizational and personal factors, including psychologists' personal beliefs and coping. Preliminary research indicates that early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are associated with high burnout, yet, to date, the role of EMS and associated coping responses (maladaptive coping modes [MCM]) in predicting high burnout amongst psychologists has not been investigated. Four hundred forty‐three psychologists completed a self‐report online questionnaire comprising the Maslach Burnout Inventory—emotional exhaustion scale (EE), Young Schema Questionnaire, and Schema Mode Inventory. The two most common EMS amongst psychologists were unrelenting standards and self‐sacrifice. There was substantial indication of burnout, with 18.3% in the high range and 29.6% in the moderate range of EE. The most common MCM were detached protector and detached self‐soother. Controlling for demographics and job demands, EMS accounted for an additional 18% variance in EE. MCM accounted for an additional 6% beyond the variance explained by demographics, job demands, and EMS. Practical recommendations are suggested to reduce psychologist burnout.
Modeling Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease in Mice Using Allogeneic Bone Marrow and Splenocyte Transfer
Authors: Schroeder Mark A. , Ashami Kidist , Staser Karl
Published: September 2018

This unit describes a method for allogeneic bone marrow and splenocyte transfer for the modeling of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) in mice. Preclinical models provide clinically relevant platforms for mechanistic and therapeutic studies that may inform the treatment of patients suffering from cGVHD, a common and potentially severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Most murine models of cGVHD depend on the transfer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐mismatched bone marrow and whole splenocytes (or purified T cells) into an irradiated recipient. The bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells necessary to reconstitute the irradiated host hematopoietic system, while splenocytes contain T cells that mediate cGVHD. Of note, specific mouse strains, splenocyte dose, bone marrow quantity, and irradiation doses vary widely across different cGVHD models. Here we describe donor bone marrow and splenocyte preparation, recipient irradiation and intravenous injection of donor cells, and clinical monitoring for disease emergence and progression. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Environmentally and Industrially Friendly Recycling of Platinum Nanoparticles Through Electrochemical Dissolution–Electrodeposition in Acid‐Free/Dilute Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Sharma Raghunandan , Gyergyek Sašo , Andersen Shuang Ma
Published: September 2018

A process to recycle platinum from industrial waste, for example, spent catalysts from polymer fuel cells and electrolyzers, through potentiodynamic dissolution along with potentiostatic electrodeposition in dilute acidic/acid‐free baths has been explored. During potentiodynamic dissolution, owing to Ostwald ripening, redeposition of the dissolved Pt species on source nanoparticles becomes significant, leading to lower overall dissolution efficiency. Alternatively, high concentrations of Pt‐complexing agents (e.g., Cl−) are required to stabilize dissolved species through complex formation. The present process overcomes those limitations by removing the dissolved Pt species continuously through electrodepositing them in the form of Pt0 on another electrode. Such a process significantly promotes the overall reaction kinetics, and an increase in dissolution rate by a factor of two or more has been observed in non‐complexing electrolytes. The process may be implemented for environmentally and industrially friendly recycling of Pt in dilute acidic/acid‐free baths, thus eliminating the additional steps such as electrolyte upconcentration and post‐dissolution reduction of dissolved Pt species.