bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation of Topologically Enabled Complete Polarization Conversion
Authors: Chen Fujia , Gao Zhen , Zhang Li , Chen Qiaolu , Yan Qinghui , Xi Rui , Jin Liqiao , Li Erping , Yin Wenyan , Chen Hongsheng , Yang Yihao
Published: January 2023

Exploiting topological ideas has been a major theme in modern photonics, which provides unprecedented opportunities to design photonic devices with robustness against defects. While most previous works in topological photonics have focused on band theory, recent theories extend the topological concepts to the analysis of scattering matrices and suggest a topological route to complete polarization conversion (CPC). Here, the experimental observation of the topological CPC is reported. Using angle‐resolved reflection measurements, it is unveiled experimentally that the CPC between arbitrary two polarizations occurs at vortex singularities of reflection coefficients in momentum space, reflecting its topological nature. Besides, it is visualized directly that for a given input polarization, the output one can cover the entire Poincaré sphere over a wide frequency range by varying the incident angle, guaranteed by the topological nature of CPC, which is in sharp contrast to the conventional polarization–conversion approaches that usually suffer from the bulky volume, limited choice of eigen‐polarization states, or narrow operation bandwidths. Remarkably, that BICs lie on the critical coupling curves that define the condition for CPC is experimentally demonstrated. This work paves the way to exploring the topological properties in scattering matrices for controlling light polarization and creating robust photonics devices.
The comparison of the efficacy and safety of fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser and nonablative fractional 1565 nm laser in the treatment of enlarged pores: A prospective split‐face study
Authors: Qian Chunyan , Jiang Yueqi , Wu Yuemeng , Yue Baishuang , Yan Shuxian , Lu Zhong
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser and nonablative fractional 1565 nm laser in the treatment of enlarged pores.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Twenty patients received five monthly treatments at months 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 and were followed up at months 5, 6, and 7. All patients were treated by fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser (FxPico) on the left face, and nonablative fractional 1565 nm laser (ResurFx) on the right face as a control.

Results

For the 19 patients who completed the study, both sides demonstrated significant improvement on pore counts (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between the two sides 3 months after the final treatment (p = 0.092). Excellence rate on the FxPico side (57.9%) was significantly better than the ResurFx side (36.8%) (p < 0.05). Sebum secretion and porphyrin value significantly decreased on both sides after five treatments and there was a higher reduction of sebum level on the ResurFx side. There was no difference between the two therapies in terms of overall satisfaction. Pain of treatment for the ResurFx side (average VAS 4.45 ± 1.60) is significantly higher than that for the FxPico side (average visual analog scale [VAS] 1.48 ± 1.36) (p < 0.001). Erythema, edema, and petechiae were common adverse effects and were mild to moderate. There was significantly higher incidence of hyperpigmentation for the ResurFx side (52.6%) compared with that for the FxPico side (5.3%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser and nonablative fractional 1565 nm laser both are effective, efficient, and safe treatment regimens for enlarged pores, while fractional 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond laser has better clinical response with less treatment pain, shorter recovery period and much lower induction of hyperpigmentation.
A distributed‐order fractional diffusion equation with a singular density function: Analysis and approximation
Authors: Yang Zhiwei , Wang Hong
Published: January 2023

We prove the well‐posedness and smoothing properties of a distributed‐order time‐fractional diffusion equation with a singular density function in multiple space dimensions, which could model the ultraslow subdiffusion processes. We accordingly derive a finite element approximation to the problem and prove its optimal‐order error estimate. Numerical results are presented to support the mathematical and numerical analysis.
Realization of wide‐angle scanning with tilted beam units and variable radiation subarrays
Authors: Xu Junqing , Xia Yulong , Guo Guangjun , Zhu Qi
Published: January 2023

Here, a novel wide‐angle scanning array antenna composed of subarrays with variable radiation patterns is proposed. The subarray consists of two antenna units with tilted beams. With a specially designed feeding network, the phase difference between the antenna units of each subarray keeps the same as that between subarrays. Thus, the radiation pattern of the subarray automatically changes with the array factor. Theoretical analysis shows that the array scanning range can be expanded and the side lobe level (SLL) can be suppressed. A linear array is designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the presented method. The simulated and measured results agree well with each other. The results show that the array can scan from to with gain fluctuation of less than 3 dB and SLL lower than dB.
A dual‐frequency inverted‐F antenna for UAVs transceiver application
Authors: Zhang Rui , Sun Baohua , Qin Dongjie , Li Jianfeng
Published: January 2023

A dual‐frequency inverted‐F antenna operating in the ultrahigh frequency band is presented. The proposed antenna includes an inverted F‐shaped radiator and a dual‐frequency loading circuit. The dual‐frequency loading circuit is located between the short pin and the ground. The dual‐frequency loading circuit presents a short‐circuit state at the low‐frequency band and an open‐circuit state at the high‐frequency band. By introducing the dual‐frequency loading circuit, the proposed antenna possesses dual‐frequency performance compared with the traditional inverted‐F antenna. The resonant frequencies of the proposed antenna can be controlled by adjusting the component values of the dual‐frequency loading circuit. A prototype was fabricated and measured to validate the method. The height of the fabricated antenna is 40 mm at 713 MHz. The bandwidths of the fabricated prototype are 713–779 MHz and 858–920 MHz. The proposed antenna possesses vertical polarization, which shows that the proposed antenna has broad application prospects in unmanned aerial vehicles communication systems.
A nonconvex model‐based combined geometric calibration scheme for micro cone‐beam CT with irregular trajectories
Authors: Li Guang , Chen Xue , You Chenyu , Huang Xinhai , Deng Zhenhao , Luo Shouhua
Published: January 2023

Background

Many dedicated cone‐beam CT (CBCT) systems have irregular scanning trajectories. Compared with the standard CBCT calibration, accurate calibration for CBCT systems with irregular trajectories is a more complex task, since the geometric parameters for each scanning view are variable. Most of the existing calibration methods assume that the intrinsic geometric relationship of the fiducials in the phantom is precisely known, and rarely delve deeper into the issue of whether the phantom accuracy is adapted to the calibration model.

Purpose

A high‐precision phantom and a highly robust calibration model are interdependent and mutually supportive, and they are both important for calibration accuracy, especially for the high‐resolution CBCT. Therefore, we propose a calibration scheme that considers both accurate phantom measurement and robust geometric calibration.

Methods

Our proposed scheme consists of two parts: (1) introducing a measurement model to acquire the accurate intrinsic geometric relationship of the fiducials in the phantom; (2) developing a highly noise‐robust nonconvex model‐based calibration method. The measurement model in the first part is achieved by extending our previous high‐precision geometric calibration model suitable for CBCT with circular trajectories. In the second part, a novel iterative method with optimization constraints based on a back‐projection model is developed to solve the geometric parameters of each view.

Results

The simulations and real experiments show that the measurement errors of the fiducial ball bearings (BBs) are within the subpixel level. With the help of the geometric relationship of the BBs obtained by our measurement method, the classic calibration method can achieve good calibration based on far fewer BBs. All metrics obtained in simulated experiments as well as in real experiments on Micro CT systems with resolutions of 9 and 4.5 μm show that the proposed calibration method has higher calibration accuracy than the competing classic method. It is particularly worth noting that although our measurement model proves to be very accurate, the classic calibration method based on this measurement model can only achieve good calibration results when the resolution of the measurement system is close to that of the system to be calibrated, but our calibration scheme enables high‐accuracy calibration even when the resolution of the system to be calibrated is twice that of the measurement system.

Conclusions

The proposed combined geometrical calibration scheme does not rely on a phantom with an intricate pattern of fiducials, so it is applicable in Micro CT with high resolution. The two parts of the scheme, the “measurement model” and the “calibration model,” prove to be of high accuracy. The combination of these two models can effectively improve the calibration accuracy, especially in some extreme cases.
Chinesische Schrift‐ und chemische Formelzeichen – eine Gegenüberstellung
Authors: Zhang Baoxin , Börner Armin
Published: January 2023

Die chinesischen Schriftzeichen und chemische Formeln sind Symbolsprachen, die auf erzählenden Zeichen basieren. Der Vergleich der beiden zeigt, wie nah sie sich an der Realität orientieren und wie ausbaufähig sie sind. Gleichzeitig wird deutlich: Die chemische Formelsprache ist einzigartig.
Gründer: Methanol und Ethylen aus Kohlendioxid
Authors: Koch Christian
Published: January 2023

Enadyne, eine Ausgründung aus der TU Bergakademie Freiberg, erschließt zusammen mit deren Netzwerk aus zwölf Partnern – darunter die Universität Leipzig – einen Synthesepfad für chemische Grundstoffe. Dazu wird CO2 mit einem Wasserstoffträger in einem Plasma umgesetzt.
Auf dem Seziertisch: Wirkstoff‐ Polymer‐Formulierungen
Authors: Pöppler Ann‐Christin
Published: January 2023

Wie Wirkstoffe mit ihresgleichen oder mit Trägermaterialien interagieren, wenn sie in den menschlichen Körper gelangen, das versucht FCI‐Dozentenpreisträgerin Ann‐Christin Pöppler mit NMR‐Spektroskopie von Festkörpern und Lösungen herauszufinden.
Lieferketten: Energieverbrauch bewerten
Authors: Burghardt Yurda
Published: January 2023

Für die Verhandlungen mit den Zulieferern benötigt der Einkauf neue Tools und neue Fähigkeiten, wenn die Chemieindustrie das Ziel Nachhaltigkeit erreichen will.
XXXI. Tage der Seltenen Erden in Leipzig
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: January 2023

Ende September trafen sich 70 Forscher:innen aus Universitäten, Forschungseinrichtungen und Industrieunternehmen an der Universität Leipzig zur Terra Rarae. Dort berichteten und diskutierten sie über f‐Element‐Verbindungen. Die zweitägige Veranstaltung umfasste 20 Kurz‐ und 4 Plenarvorträge sowie einen Preisvortrag und 25 Posterbeiträge.
Wenn die Low‐Retention‐ Pipettenspitzen fehlen
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian
Published: January 2023

Aufgrund einer Werksschließung bei 3M in Belgien fällt dieser Lieferant bestimmter Vorprodukte für Pipettenspitzen aus, und zwar speziell für Low‐Retention‐ und Ultra‐Low‐Retention‐Pipettenspitzen. Labore, die sie brauchen, haben ein Problem – für das es bereits Lösungsansätze gibt.
Regionales FCI‐Stipendiatentreffen in Würzburg
Authors: Meier Lukas
Published: January 2023

Ende September trafen sich die Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) an der Universität Würzburg (JMU). Die Organisation übernahm Holger Braunschweig, Professor für anorganische Chemie, gemeinsam mit den in Würzburg ansässigen Stipendiaten. Bei der Veranstaltung kamen elf Nachwuchswissenschaftler zusammen, die durch ein Kekulé‐Stipendium gefördert werden, und präsentierten ihre Forschungsergebnisse.
Kreativität ein Leben lang
Authors: Wille Eva
Published: January 2023

Ein sehr ungewöhnliches Arbeitswochenende vom 30. September bis 2. Oktober über den Dächern von Freiburg zeigte eindrücklich, dass „Kreativität ein Leben lang“ in der Chemie möglich ist. Fünf Autobiografien von außerordentlich kreativen Chemikern sind seit September 2021 in der Reihe „Lives in Chemistry / Lebenswerke in der Chemie“ erschienen (herausgegeben von der GDCh‐Fachgruppe Geschichte der Chemie). Es ist also ein guter Zeitpunkt für einen Gedankenaustausch zwischen den Mitgliedern des Beirats und Autoren sowie mit Lesern. Auf Einladung des Initiators und Förderers der Reihe, Karl Reuter von der Firma RCA Freiburg, lernten sich über 30 Chemiker im Alter von 17 bis 92 Jahren kennen und diskutierten über „den kreativen Prozess“.
Brand im historischen Hörsaal
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke
Published: January 2023

Anfang Dezember hat ein Feuer das Liebig‐Museum in Gießen beschädigt und Einrichtungsgegenstände aus dem 19. Jahrhundert vernichtet.
Experiences of healthcare workers following occupational exposure to COVID‐19 at the early stages of the pandemic: A phenomenological qualitative study
Authors: Wang Qun , He Peiqin , Tian Yu , Zhu Yimin , Qin Yuelan , Qiu Xiaoying , Liu Yanhui , Xu Xiaoping , Hu Wanqin , Shi Zeya
Published: January 2023

Aim

To explore the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) following occupational exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during the early stage of the pandemic.

Design

A Husserl descriptive phenomenological study design was employed.

Methods

Convenient and snowball sampling was used. In‐depth semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted from February to March 2020 with the frontline HCWs who were exposed to COVID‐19 during work. Data analysis was conducted following the 7‐step analysis method developed by Colaizzi.

Results

Fifteen HCWs participated in the study. Four themes were identified, including (1) traumatic experiences since the occupational exposure; (2) getting through the hard time; (3) struggling to return to work; (4) reflections on occupational exposures.

Conclusion

The HCWs had traumatic and painful experiences after the occupational exposure. But they returned to work with strong resilience, professional obligation and social support. Training and supervision, and adequate supply of personal protective equipment are suggested to prevent professional exposure. Social and organizational support should be provided for the exposed HCWs.
Qualitative Assessment of Quality and Readability of Patient‐Directed Online Resources for Cochlear Implants in Children
Authors: Sanad Saad A. , Mokhtar Aseel M. , Alharbi Manar O. , Bukhari Afnan F. , Zawawi Faisal
Published: January 2023

Objective

Children with sensorineural hearing loss can benefit from cochlear implantation (CI). Patients can obtain direct access to medical information on the internet. However, the internet is uncontrolled, and the quality and readability of information are unpredictable. The quality and readability of websites providing information about CI in children were assessed in this study.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Online search.

Methods

The 3 most popular search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo) were queried with the phrases “cochlear implant” and “cochlear implant in children.” The DISCERN instrument was used to assess the information quality. The readability was evaluated using 5 validated readability indices.

Results

Of 103 websites, the median DISCERN quality score was 33 (interquartile range [IQR], 27‐41). Only 5 websites were considered to be of good quality, and 1 was excellent. The median readability school grade was 11th (IQR, 10‐12), which fell within the range defined as difficult. No website was at or below the recommended sixth‐grade level. There was no correlation between readability and the DISCERN scores (r = −0.105, p = .291).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that most websites with information on CI for children are of variable quality and are written beyond the reading ability of the general population. Website builders should focus on improving the readability of their online material to help the average reader understand and benefit from the content.
Algorithmic Identification of Patients With Aspirin‐Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Using an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Tao Michael , Roberts Sarah , Arnold Mark
Published: January 2023

Objective

To determine whether an electronic health record (EHR) system can be used to identify cases of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) in an area outside of a regional referral center with low rates of aspirin desensitization therapy.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review single academic tertiary care hospital.

Setting

Single‐site academic tertiary care hospital.

Methods

Using Epic's SlicerDicer function, an algorithm was created and applied to all patient charts from 2013 to 2021. The algorithm was as follows: “Allergy/Contraindication to NSAIDs OR aspirin” AND “Diagnosis of Nasal polyp AND “Diagnosis of Asthma.” Clinical data including demographics, NSAID reaction, and specialist involvement was collected.

Results

A total of 54 potential cases of AERD were identified. Thirty‐two were determined to have AERD after chart review, yet 12 of these patients (37.5%) had no mention of AERD within the chart. The 54 patients were stratified into 2 cohorts based on reaction to NSAIDs: respiratory (n = 29) or unspecified (n = 25). Of the patients in the respiratory reaction group, 26 were found to have clinical AERD, demonstrating a positive predictive values (PPV) of 89.7%. The overall PPV was 59.3%. Those with a respiratory reaction to NSAIDS listed in the EHR were more likely to have clinical AERD (odds ratio 27.44; confidence interval 6.08‐123.85; p < 0.0001). Only 2 patients (6.3%) underwent aspirin desensitization.

Conclusion

AERD remains under‐diagnosed in the study population. The informatics algorithm presented here has a high positive predictive value for identifying clinical AERD patients in a geographical area with low rates of aspirin desensitization and may aid in identifying candidates for expanded treatment options.
The effect of fiber orientation and stacking sequence on carbon/Kevlar/epoxy intraply hybrid composites under dynamic loading conditions
Authors: Samson P. Edwin , Kumaran S. Senthil , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Das Oisik
Published: January 2023

This work investigated the thermo‐mechanical behavior of (carbon/Kevlar) intraply hybrid composites. The carbon/Kevlar plies' orientation and sequential arrangement were varied. Carbon and Kevlar composites, as well as five different intraply hybrids (HFRPs) composite such as carbon‐0°/Kevlar‐90°, carbon‐45°/Kevlar‐135°, carbon‐90°/Kevlar‐0°, carbon/Kevlar (inter‐changing layer), and carbon/Kevlar‐45° (inter‐changing layer) composites, and a plain epoxy panel, have been developed. The thermo‐mechanical characteristics of the fabricated composites were estimated using a dynamic automated analyzer under changing mechanical and thermal load conditions. The DMA technique measured the HFRPs composite visco‐elastic parameters by increasing the temperature from 30°C to 150°C at frequencies ranging from 1 to 20 Hz. Flexural test characteristics for neat epoxy, carbon fiber‐reinforced composites, Kevlar fiber‐reinforced composites, and carbon/Kevlar fiber‐reinforced composites were estimated to aid the study. The experimentally measured versus analytically calculated viscoelastic parameters were related. The results revealed that carbon‐90° oriented in warp direction/Kevlar‐0° oriented in weft direction exhibited higher modulus and lower loss tangent followed by carbon/Kevlar plies oriented in alternate layers and carbon/Kevlar plies oriented in inter‐changing layers at 45°. Carbon‐0° introduced in the weft direction/ Kevlar‐90° introduced in the warp direction, and carbon‐45°/Kevlar‐135° exhibited intermediate storage and loss modulus and a moderate loss tangent at the various frequency levels considered in the study.
Validity of the Childhood Asthma Control Test in diverse populations: A systematic review
Authors: Chu Francesca , Kappel Nicole , Akel Mary , Press Valerie G. , Alexander Jason T. , Volerman Anna
Published: January 2023

Purpose

We examined the validity of the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C‐ACT) and identified recommended thresholds for uncontrolled asthma in children from varying backgrounds.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, Ovid Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and conference proceedings. Studies were included if they enrolled children, had a primary outcome of asthma control, examined test validity or psychometrics, and utilized the C‐ACT. Along with study design and demographic data, we extracted all outcomes and comparisons used to validate the C‐ACT. We evaluated risk of bias using the COSMIN Risk of Bias tool. Our protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020211119).

Results

Of 4924 records screened, 28 studies were included. Studies were conducted internationally and published between 2007 and 2018. Average number of enrolled participants was 193 (SD = 155, range = 22–671). Ten studies calculated Cronbach's α (mean [SD] = 0.78(0.05), range = 0.677–0.83). Thirteen studies recommended cut‐offs for uncontrolled asthma (≤18–≤24). Nine studies found significant agreement or correlation between C‐ACT and Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines/physician assessment of asthma control (correlation coefficients range = 0.219–0.65). Correlation coefficients between C‐ACT and spirometry were <0.6 in five of six studies that included spirometry. Kappa values for C‐ACT and various spirometry measurements ranged 0.00–0.34.

Conclusions

The C‐ACT showed good internal consistency and mixed levels of agreement and correlation with various clinical asthma measures. Recommended cut‐offs for asthma control varied and had no consistent relationship with nationality, race, ethnicity, or language. Few studies examined cross‐cultural validity and multiple populations remain under‐studied.
Relativistic Wormholes in Extended Teleparallel Gravity with Minimal Matter Coupling
Authors: Mustafa G. , Maurya S. K. , Hussain Ibrar
Published: January 2023

This study explores the wormhole solutions utilizing the notion of conformal symmetry in the background of the gravity. The exact shape functions are calculated using the Gaussian and Lorentzian distributions as the noncommutative source of the energy density. All the energy conditions are checked for the two different shape functions. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the violation of the null energy conditions. The physical aspects of the epicyclic frequencies of test particles are discussed in the spacetime geometry of the obtained wormholes in the current analysis and it is shown that how they depend on the spacetime parameters. The red‐blue shifts for the photons emitted by the orbiting test particles are also investigated and their dependence on the spacetime parameters is discussed. Further, the stability of the developed structure of the traversable wormholes is investigated by using the Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff equation.
Salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary radiation therapy, are benefits worth toxicity risks?: A systematic review
Authors: Bray Gerard , Bahadori Arya , Rama Darren
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for localized prostate cancer recurrence following radiation therapy remains controversial. We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and side effect profile of salvage SBRT for locally recurrent prostate cancer to define the role of salvage SBRT in clinical practice.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out using Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Scopus databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were satisfied if studies reported on patients with prior radiation therapy for prostate cancer who had subsequently had a local recurrence. Those studies included were quality assessed using the ROBINS‐I checklist.

Results

Five studies in total met criteria for inclusion and included all reportable outcomes. A total of 265 participants are reported on in total. Median doses for SBRT ranged from 30 to 36 Gy delivered over 5−6 fractions. Recurrence free survival ranged from 40% to 76% at 2 years. Genitourinary toxicity was more prevalent than gastrointestinal toxicities. Grade 2 and 3 genitourinary complication rates ranged from 5% to 22% and 0% to 9%, respectively. Gastrointestinal grade 2 complication rates ranged from 0% to 11% and no grade 3 complications were recorded.

Discussion

Salvage SBRT appears to be comparable and potentially superior in some aspects to other salvage therapies, taking into account the limitations in cross‐study comparisons. This systematic review serves as one of the first to characterize SBRT as a salvage option for locally recurrent prostate cancer.
Targeting regulated cell death with plant natural compounds for cancer therapy: A revisited review of apoptosis, autophagy‐dependent cell death, and necroptosis
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Yanmei , Wu Jun Hao , Ren Yueting , Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Yu Haiyang
Published: January 2023

Regulated cell death (RCD) refers to programmed cell death regulated by various protein molecules, such as apoptosis, autophagy‐dependent cell death, and necroptosis. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD subroutines have several links to many types of human cancer; therefore, targeting RCD with pharmacological small‐molecule compounds would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, plant natural compounds, small‐molecule compounds synthesized from plant sources, and their derivatives have been widely reported to regulate different RCD subroutines to improve potential cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on updating the intricate mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy‐dependent cell death, and necroptosis in cancer. Moreover, we further discuss several representative plant natural compounds and their derivatives that regulate the above‐mentioned three subroutines of RCD, and their potential as candidate small‐molecule drugs for the future cancer treatment.
Rapidly Blocking the Calcium Overload/ROS Production Feedback Loop to Alleviate Acute Kidney Injury via Microenvironment‐Responsive BAPTA‐AM/BAC Co‐Delivery Nanosystem
Authors: Yan Jiahui , Wang Yanan , Zhang Jingwen , Liu Xiaohu , Yu Liangmin , He Zhiyu
Published: January 2023

Calcium overload and ROS overproduction, two major triggers of acute kidney injury (AKI), are self‐amplifying and mutually reinforcing, forming a complicated cascading feedback loop that induces kidney cell “suicide” and ultimately renal failure. There are currently no clinically effective drugs for the treatment of AKI, excluding adjuvant therapy. In this study, a porous silicon‐based nanocarrier rich in disulfide bond skeleton (<50 nm) is developed that enables efficient co‐loading of the hydrophilic drug borane amino complex and the hydrophobic drug BAPTA‐AM, with its outer layer sealed by the renal tubule‐targeting peptide PEG‐LTH. Once targeted to the kidney injured site, the nanocarrier structure collapses in the high glutathione environment of the early stage of AKI, releasing the drugs. Under the action of the slightly acidic inflammatory environment and intracellular esterase, the released drugs produce hydrogen and BAPTA, which can rapidly eliminate the excess ROS and overloaded Ca2+, blocking endoplasmic reticulum/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (ATF4‐CHOP‐Bax axis, Casp‐12‐Casp‐3 axis, Cyt‐C‐Casp‐3 axis) and inflammatory pathway (TNF‐α‐NF‐κB axis) from the source, thus rescuing the renal cells in the “critical survival” state and further restoring the kidney function. Overall, this nanoparticle shows substantial clinical promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for I/R injury‐related diseases.
Honoring Diverse Cultures Through Family Literacy Approaches That Build Family, School, and Community Partnerships
Authors: Miller Gloria E. , Khatib Sara M.
Published: January 2023

Families play a critical role in promoting students’ literacy development. Family literacy practices refer to oral, written, and reading strategies that impart cultural traditions and knowledge of the world and that occur in the dominant or native language of a family. It is especially important for educators to understand and build upon such practices when working with multilingual, immigrant, refugee, or asylee students who are the first in their family to attend school in a new host country. Unfortunately, teachers frequently report they are at a loss as to how to engage with the adult guardians of these students on joint efforts to encourage reading in a second language. In this review, effective family literacy programs published in the last several decades reported in the U.S. or internationally are analyzed for how they promote early English literacy skills while honoring a family's native language and culture and simultaneously encouraging strong partnerships between homes, schools, and communities. Culturally sustaining pedagogical approaches reflected within these programs provide ideas for how to intentionally encourage future enhancements of family literacy programming and research.
Introduction
Authors: Al-Tamimi Nawaf , Amin Azzam , Zarrinabadi Nourollah
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents the introductory remarks about the book and its content. In so doing, the chapter describes the blockade of Qatar and the ways in which Qatari government reacted to it. The authors describe different analytical perspectives and arguments put forward to understand Qatari policies in order to respond to the blockade. The chapter ends with an overview of the content of different chapters and the organization of the study.
Erfahrungen und Lösungsansätze für die Einführung eines digitalen Assistenzsystems in der Instandhaltung
Authors: Keller Alinde , Schöner Judith , de la Barré Jeanette , Groß Hardy , Ehlers Thalke , Schulze Martin , Kühnel Hagen , Motsch Christian , Haase Tina , Weber Susanne Maria
Published: January 2023

Digitale Assistenzsysteme fördern den Austausch und den Erhalt von Wissen in Unternehmen. Ein Einsatzfeld ist die Instandhaltung, wo Problemlösefähigkeiten und Erfahrungswissen gefordert sind. Um das Potenzial von Assistenzsystemen zu realisieren, müssen diese erfolgreich in den Arbeitsalltag integriert sein. Im Projekt EVerAssist wurde daher der Einführungsprozess eines kognitiven Assistenzsystems für die Instandhaltung in KMU gestaltet und erforscht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Eine erfolgreiche Einführung hat mehrere Stellschrauben. Diese sind z. B. ein Vorgehen für die Erfassung von relevantem Erfahrungswissen, das von den Instandhaltern mitgetragen wird. Auch das Anlegen einer Ablagestruktur für Assistenzinhalte oder ein ganzheitliches Befähigungskonzept zur Gestaltung des digitalen Wissenstransfers zählen dazu.

Der Beitrag stellt für diese und weitere Gestaltungsfelder Erfahrungen und Lösungsansätze aus dem Projekt vor. Den wissenschaftlichen Rahmen bildet ein organisationspädagogischer Designforschungs-Ansatz. Abschließend werden zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren sowie die Übertragbarkeit der entwickelten Lösungen herausgearbeitet.
Introduction
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji
Published: January 2023

Experimental techniques in high-energy particle physics have been developing very rapidly, despite the experimental principle being relatively simple. Here, we explain the principle first, then the development on top, since the experiments are more complex as the energy of collisions increases.
Apparatus
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we present an overview of the apparatus used in high energy physics. First, we describe how the particle collisions with high energy are obtained, and then how the reaction of the particle collisions is recorded as the experimental data.
Particle Identification
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, we discuss the method of particle identification, which is also called object identification because what we reconstruct or identify is usually not a particle but an object such as a charged particle trajectory, a jet that is a cluster of many particles, missing transverse energy and so on.
Higher-group structure in 2n-dimensional axion-electrodynamics
Authors: Nakajima Tatsuki , Sakai Tadakatsu , Yokokura Ryo
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We investigate 2n-dimensional axion electrodynamics for the purpose of exploring a higher-group structure underlying it. This is manifested as a Green-Schwarz transformation of the background gauge fields that couple minimally to the conserved currents. The n = 3 case is studied most intensively. We derive the identities of correlation functions among the global symmetry generators by using a gauge transformation that maps two correlation functions with each other. A key ingredient in this computation is given by the Green-Schwarz transformation and the ’t Hooft anomalies associated with the gauge transformation. The algebraic structure of these results and its physical interpretations are discussed in detail. In particular, we find that the higher-group structure for n = 3 is endowed with a multi-ary operation among the symmetry generators.
The sphaleron rate from 4D Euclidean lattices
Authors: Mancha Marc Barroso , Moore Guy D.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We develop a new method to determine thermal activation rates, such as for bubble nucleation, topology change, etc., using 4-dimensional Euclidean methods. This allows nonperturbative study on the lattice. We then investigate the strong sphaleron rate in pure-glue QCD at temperatures between 1.3 Tc and 1000 Tc, making contact with previous results but extending them down close to the critical temperature. The extension to full QCD will be straightforward. Limitations of the proposal (the inability to compute a certain dynamical prefactor, puzzling large-volume behavior, and the inability to treat temperatures T < 1.3 Tc) are also discussed.
Long range, large charge, large N
Authors: Giombi Simone , Helfenberger Elizabeth , Khanchandani Himanshu
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We study operators with large charge j in the d-dimensional O(N) model with long range interactions that decrease with the distance as 1/rd+s, where s is a continuous parameter. We consider the double scaling limit of large N, large j with $$ j/N=\hat{j} $$
j
/
N
=

j
̂

fixed, and identify the semiclassical saddle point that captures the two-point function of the large charge operators in this limit. The solution is given in terms of certain ladder conformal integrals that have recently appeared in the literature on fishnet models. We find that the scaling dimensions for general s interpolate between $$ {\Delta }_j\sim \frac{\left(d-s\right)}{2}j $$

∆
j

∼

d
−
s

2

j
at small $$ \hat{j} $$

j
̂

and $$ {\Delta }_j\sim \frac{\left(d+s\right)}{2}j $$

∆
j

∼

d
+
s

2

j
at large $$ \hat{j} $$

j
̂

, which is a qualitatively different behavior from the one found in the short range version of the O(N) model. We also derive results for the structure constants and 4-point functions with two large charge and one or two finite charge operators. Using a description of the long range models as defects in a higher dimensional local free field theory, we also obtain the scaling dimensions in a complementary way, by mapping the problem to a cylinder in the presence of a chemical potential for the conserved charge.
Diametrically Complete Sets with Empty Interior and Constant Width Sets with Empty Interior
Authors: Kaczor Wiesława , Kuczumow Tadeusz , Reich Simeon , Walczyk Mariola
Published: January 2023

We show that each infinite-dimensional reflexive Banach space $$(X,\left\| \cdot \right\| _X)$$

(
X
,

·

X

)

has an equivalent norm $$\left\| \cdot \right\| _{X,0}$$

·

X
,
0

such that $$(X,\left\| \cdot \right\| _{X,0})$$

(
X
,

·

X
,
0

)

is LUR and contains a diametrically complete set with empty interior. We also prove that after a suitable equivalent renorming, the Banach space $$C([0,1],{\mathbb {R}})$$

C
(
[
0
,
1
]
,
R
)

contains a constant width set with empty interior.
The queens of the stingless bees: from egg to adult
Authors: Bueno F. G. B. , dos Santos C. F. , Otesbelgue A. , Menezes C. , van Veen J. , Blochtein B. , Gloag R. , Heard T. , Imperatriz-Fonseca V. L. , Alves D. A.
Published: January 2023

Queens play an essential role in the colonies of stingless bees. Typically, only one queen occurs in a colony at any time, and she dominates the egg laying. Their presence maintains colony cohesion and ensures the development and survivorship of these matriarchal societies. Yet there remain significant gaps in our knowledge of queen life cycles as compared to their daughters, the workers. In this review, we follow chronologically the life of queens from pre-emergence inside brood cells (caste determination), to their interaction with workers (queen selection) and males (sexual selection), and up to adulthood. Stingless bee queens can be determined either trophically or genetically. After emergence, the virgin queens undergo a selection process whereby many are executed by workers. The body size, pheromones, age and behaviour of virgin queens may play a role in queen selection. Queens then leave the nest on a nuptial flight during which they mate just once. After mating, queens are still susceptible to workers’ harassment. For example, if they produce diploid males they are killed by workers. Previous studies have successfully in vitro reared and mated virgin queens under laboratory conditions, which have revealed new insights of queen development time, the threshold of minimum and maximum provided food to larvae developing into queens, and lethal and sublethal effects of agrochemical substances. These new techniques have also provided new information about queen physiology. However, the daily routine of queens inside colonies demands further well-designed experiments to capture other patterns of behaviour which remain poorly understood, including their interactions with other queens, workers and even males.
Asymptotic Simplification of Aggregation-Diffusion Equations Towards the Heat kernel
Authors: Carrillo José A. , Gómez-Castro David , Yao Yao , Zeng Chongchun
Published: January 2023

We give sharp conditions for the large time asymptotic simplification of aggregation-diffusion equations with linear diffusion. As soon as the interaction potential is bounded and its first and second derivatives decay fast enough at infinity, then the linear diffusion overcomes its effect, either attractive or repulsive, for large times independently of the initial data, and solutions behave like the fundamental solution of the heat equation with some rate. The potential $$W(x) \sim \log |x|$$

W
(
x
)
∼
log
|
x
|

for $$|x| \gg 1$$

|
x
|
≫
1

appears as the natural limiting case when the intermediate asymptotics change. In order to obtain such a result, we produce uniform-in-time estimates in a suitable rescaled change of variables for the entropy, the second moment, Sobolev norms and the $$C^\alpha $$

C
α

regularity with a novel approach for this family of equations using modulus of continuity techniques.
Polyangiitis overlap syndrome: a rare clinical entity
Authors: Bruno Lorenza , Mandarano Martina , Bellezza Guido , Sidoni Angelo , Gerli Roberto , Bartoloni Elena , Perricone Carlo
Published: January 2023

Polyangiitis overlap syndrome is a rare clinical entity comprising patients with overlapping features of more than one vasculitis, usually eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Few cases of polyangiitis overlap syndrome have been described in the literature, mostly associated with c-ANCA, anti-proteinase (PR)-3 positivity, a protean clinical picture characterized by vasculitis, eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltrates in tissues and a favorable response to steroids and immunosuppressant treatments. Herein, we present a case of a 66-year-old woman with nasal obstruction, external nose deformity, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral blood eosinophilia, high titer anti-PR3 antibodies and lung involvement. Nasal septum biopsies showed inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilic component; histopathology of the lung demonstrated necrotizing granulomas associated with inflammatory infiltrate composed of numerous neutrophils and some eosinophils. The patient was diagnosed with polyangiitis overlap syndrome and successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. Recognizing this entity is fundamental given the distinct clinical phenotype and outcomes to therapy in the complex scenario of ANCA-associated vasculitides.
Reduced anterior insular cortex volume in male heroin addicts: a postmortem study
Authors: Müller Ulf J. , Schmalenbach Lucas J. , Dobrowolny Henrik , Guest Paul C. , Schlaaff Konstantin , Mawrin Christian , Truebner Kurt , Bogerts Bernhard , Gos Tomasz , Bernstein Hans-Gert , Steiner Johann
Published: January 2023

We and others have observed reduced volumes of brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, hypothalamus, and habenula in opioid addiction. Notably, the insular cortex has been under increasing study in addiction, and a smaller anterior insula has been found in alcohol-addicted cases. Here, we have investigated whether similar effects occur in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the anterior and posterior insula in heroin addicts (n = 14) and controls (n = 13) were assessed by morphometry of Nissl-myelin-stained serial whole-brain coronal sections. The mean relative volume of the anterior insular cortex was smaller than in non-addicted controls (3010 ± 614 *10–6versus 3970 ± 1306 *10–6;p = 0.021). However, no significant differences in neuronal cell counts were observed. Therefore, the observed volume reduction appears to be a consequence of damaged connecting structures such as neuropil and glial cells. The findings were not confounded by age or duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence of structural deficits in key hubs of the addiction circuitry in heroin-dependent individuals and warrant further research in this area.
Dysphagia After Esophageal Replacement and Its Treatment
Authors: Horváth Örs Péter , Pavlovics Gábor , Cseke László , Vereczkei András , Papp András
Published: January 2023

Dysphagia occurs temporarily or permanently following esophageal replacement in at least half of the cases. Swallowing disorder, in addition to severe decline in the quality of life, can lead to a deterioration of the general condition, which may lead to death if left untreated. For this reason, their early detection and treatment are a matter of importance. Between 1993 and 2012, 540 esophageal resections were performed due to malignant tumors at the Department of Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Pécs. Stomach was used for replacement in 445 cases, colon in 38 cases, and jejunum in 57 cases. The anastomosis with a stomach replacement was located to the neck in 275 cases and to the thorax in 170 cases. The colon was pulled up to the neck in each case. There were 29 cases of free jejunal replacements located to the neck and 28 cases with a Roux loop reconstruction located to the thorax. Based on the literature data and own experience, the following were found to be the causes of dysphagia in the order of frequency: anastomotic stenosis, conduit obstruction, peptic and ischemic stricture, foreign body, local recurrence, functional causes, new malignant tumor in the esophageal remnant, and malignant tumor in the organ used for replacement. Causes may overlap each other, and their treatment may be conservative or surgical. The causes of many dysphagic complications might be prevented by improving the anastomosis technique, by better preservation the blood supply of the substitute organ, by consistently applying a functional approach, and by regular follow-up.
Monolithic parallel overlapping Schwarz methods in fully-coupled nonlinear chemo-mechanics problems
Authors: Kiefer Bjoern , Prüger Stefan , Rheinbach Oliver , Röver Friederike
Published: January 2023

We consider the swelling of hydrogels as an example of a chemo-mechanical problem with strong coupling between the mechanical balance relations and the mass diffusion. The problem is cast into a minimization formulation using a time-explicit approach for the dependency of the dissipation potential on the deformation and the swelling volume fraction to obtain symmetric matrices, which are typically better suited for iterative solvers. The MPI-parallel implementation uses the software libraries deal.II, p4est and FROSch (Fast of Robust Overlapping Schwarz). FROSch is part of the Trilinos library and is used in fully algebraic mode, i.e., the preconditioner is constructed from the monolithic system matrix without making explicit use of the problem structure. Strong and weak parallel scalability is studied using up to 512 cores, considering the standard GDSW (Generalized Dryja-Smith-Widlund) coarse space and the newer coarse space with reduced dimension. The FROSch solver is applicable to the coupled problems within in the range of processor cores considered here, although numerical scalablity cannot be expected (and is not observed) for the fully algebraic mode. In our strong scalability study, the average number of Krylov iterations per Newton iteration is higher by a factor of up to six compared to a linear elasticity problem. However, making mild use of the problem structure in the preconditioner, this number can be reduced to a factor of two and, importantly, also numerical scalability can then be achieved experimentally. Nevertheless, the fully algebraic mode is still preferable since a faster time to solution is achieved.