bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multilinguistic Approach to Evaluating Student Spelling in Writing Samples
Authors: Quick Nancy , Erickson Karen
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Spelling is a critical component of literacy and language arts that can negatively influence other aspects of written composition. This clinical focus article describes a spelling error classification system that can be used to identify underlying linguistic deficits that contribute to students' spelling errors. The system is designed to take advantage of the linguistic expertise of speech-language pathologists to efficiently assess student errors in written compositions that are generated as a component of everyday classroom instruction.

Method

A review of the literature was conducted regarding spelling as a component of literacy and language arts, the development of spelling, and the linguistic contributions to spelling. Then, existing criterion-referenced measures of spelling simple and morphologically complex words were reviewed, and a new, manual technique for analyzing spelling in student written compositions was created.

Conclusions

The language expertise of speech-language pathologists enables them to readily evaluate the phonological, orthographic, and morphological errors in student misspellings, in order to identify specific underlying linguistic deficits and plan targeted interventions. The error classification system provides speech-language pathologists with a tool that is both simple and time efficient and, thus, may help increase their confidence and ability in addressing the spelling needs of students.
Tucker tensor decomposition‐based tracking and Gaussian mixture model for anomaly localisation and detection in surveillance videos
Authors: Ratre Avinash , Pankajakshan Vinod
Published: May 2018

The anomaly detection and localisation (ADL) gains remarkable interest as dealing with the complex surveillance videos for detecting the abnormal behaviour is tedious. The human effort in monitoring and classifying the abnormal object is inaccurate and time‐consuming; therefore, the method is proposed using the Tucker tensor decomposition (TTD) and classification of the objects using Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Initially, the object is detected in the frames for easy recognition using simple background subtraction. The TTD decomposes the tensor as core tensor and factor matrices and the two decomposed tensors are compared using the cosine similarity measure that determines the location of the object in the frame. Finally, the features including shape and speed of the object are extracted that is used for classification using the GMM that follows the maximum posterior probability principle to detect and locate the anomaly in the video. The experimentation for anomaly detection proves that the proposed TTD and TTD‐GMM method attains a higher rate of multiple object tracking precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at 0.96375, 0.975, 1, and 1, respectively.
Enhanced boost quasi‐Z‐source inverters with active switched‐inductor boostnetwork
Authors: Zhu Xiaoquan , Zhang Bo , Qiu Dongyuan
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a new family of high‐boost‐quasi‐Z‐source inverters (qZSIs) with combined active switched‐inductor boost network. The proposed inverter provides continuous input current and higher‐boost voltage inversion capability, shares common ground between the input source and the inverter bridge, which would be applicable for the renewable energy system with low‐voltage distributed dc sources. In comparison to the traditional high‐boost non‐coupled‐inductor‐type qZSIs, for the same total number of passive/active components used at the impedance network, the proposed topology has higher modulation index with improved output voltage waveform quality, and lower switching voltage stress across the power switches. To produce the same voltage boost factor with the same dc input, the proposed inverter uses smaller inductance values compared with the conventional topologies. Thus, the size and weight of the passive components in the proposed topology can be reduced. This study presents the operating principles, power loss analysis, simulation results and characteristic comparison with those of the traditional high‐boost qZSIs. Finally, a laboratory prototype based on the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor with 60 V dc input and 110 Vrms ac output was constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed inverter.
Microstrip angular log‐periodic slow wave structure on quartz substrate with coaxial input/output coupler
Authors: Li Xinyi , He Tenglong , Wang Hexin , Chen Zijun , Wang Zhanliang , Gao Zhiqiang , Duan Zhaoyun , Wei Yanyu , Gong Yubin
Published: May 2018

The microstrip angular log‐periodic meander line slow wave structure (SWS) on quartz substrate with coaxial input/output coupler is studied. The effects of different structure parameters on transmission characteristics of the 25 periods SWS during Ka band are discussed in detail. The SWS with the total length of ∼6.5 mm, add coaxial input/output coupler and tapered impedance microstrip line to form an entire assembly. The testing result is accordant with that of simulation. The dispersion characteristics of the SWS were obtained to determine the work voltage. The beam‐wave interaction results show that the output power is 11.4 W at the frequency of 32 GHz, with the electron efficiency of 3.3%.
Experiment on Ka‐band amplifiers degraded and damaged by electromagnetic waves
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Liang , Luo Jinjin , Xiong Xu , Gong Yu‐Bin , Wei Yan‐Yu , Duan Zhao‐Yun , Gong Huarong
Published: May 2018

Research on amplifiers injected by high‐power microwave is important and lays foundation for reinforce technology. This study reports an experiment on Ka‐band amplifiers injected and damaged by electromagnetic waves. The continuous wave and the pulse wave are injected into the amplifiers which are based on HMMC5040 chips. The injected power level increases until the amplifiers are damaged. The results are recorded and analysed. The results show that: (i) the uncharged amplifiers need more injected power to be damaged compared with the charged amplifiers. (ii) To degrade or damage the amplifiers, the pulse wave need more power. (iii) The first node of the HMMC5040 chip is damaged in the experiment, so this is the key part for anti‐radiation design.
0.85 THz truncated sine waveguide traveling‐wave tube with sheet beam tunnel
Authors: Fang Shuanzhu , Xu Jin , Jang Xuebin , Lei Xia , Ding Chong , Li Qian , Wu Gangxiong , Yang Ruichao , Zhang Luqi , Huang Minzhi , Tang Tao , Zhao Guoqing , Wang Zhanliang , Wang Wenxiang , Feng Jinjun , Gong Yubin , Wei Yanyu
Published: May 2018

A sine waveguide (SWG) traveling‐wave tube with sheet electron beam tunnel is proposed to amplify the high‐frequency terahertz wave. In this study, the slow wave characteristics including the dispersion properties and interaction impedances have been investigated by using the eigenmode solver in the 3D electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS. The truncated SWG slow wave structure possesses the relatively large average coupling impedance. The beam–wave interaction characteristics of truncated SWG with sheet electron beam tunnel are calculated by high‐frequency simulation software CST. From the particle‐in‐cell simulation results, this beam–wave interaction circuit can produce >490 mW ranging from 0.845 to 0.855 THz with a corresponding gain over 22 dB.
Design of transverse magnetic field sweeping solenoids for 140 GHz mega‐watt gyrotrons
Authors: Zeng Xu , Liu Bentian , Feng Jinjun
Published: May 2018

As the overlarge power density at the collector of mega‐watt (MW) gyrotrons limits the increase in their average output power and pulse width, transverse magnetic field sweeping solenoids (TMFSS) with periodical changing magnetic field have been designed for a 140 GHz MW gyrotron developed and tested at Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute. The analysis of the electron trajectories in the collector and the simulation results indicate that the power density could be decreased significantly by applying the solenoids, which will effectively ensure the stable operation of the tube. Meanwhile, different structures of the TMFSS were studied and compared, with the optimised one being used in the future gyrotron assembly and hot testing.
Extended ammonia observations towards the integral-shaped filament
Authors: Wu Gang , Qiu Keping , Esimbek Jarken , Zheng Xingwu , Henkel Christian , Li Dalei , Han XiaoHong
Published: May 2018

Context. Recent observations suggest a scenario in which filamentary structures in the interstellar medium represent the first step towards clumps/cores and eventually star formation. The densest filaments would then fragment into prestellar cores owing to gravitational instability.

Aims. We seek to understand the roles filamentary structures play in high-mass star formation.

Methods. We mapped the integral-shaped filament (ISF) located at the northern end of the Orion A molecular cloud in NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2). The observations were made using the 25 m radio telescope operated by the Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The whole filamentary structure, about 1.2° × 0.6°, is uniformly and fully sampled. We investigate the morphology, fragmentation, kinematics, and temperature properties in this region.

Results. We find that the morphology revealed by the map of velocity-integrated intensity of the NH3 (1, 1) line is closely associated with the dust ridge revealed by the Herschel Space Observatory. We identify 6 “lumps” related to the well known OMC-1 to 5 and 11 “sub-clumps” within the map. The clumps and sub-clumps are separated not randomly but in roughly equal intervals along the ISF. The average spacing of clumps is 11.30′ ± 1.31′ (1.36 ± 0.16 pc) and the average spacing of sub-clumps is 7.18′ ± 1.19′ (0.86 ± 0.14 pc). These spacings agree well with the predicted values of the thermal (0.86 pc) and turbulent sausage instability (1.43 pc) by adopting a cylindric geometry of the ISF with an inclination of 60° with respect to the line of sight. We also find a velocity gradient of about 0.6 km s−1 pc−1 that runs along the ISF which likely arises from an overall rotation of the Orion A molecular cloud. The inferred ratio between rotational and gravitational energy is well below unity. Furthermore, fluctuations are seen in the centroid velocity diagram along the ISF. The OMC-1 to 5 clouds are located close to the local extrema of the fluctuations, which suggests that there exist gas flows associated with these clumps in the ISF. The derived NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) rotation temperatures in the OMC-1 are about 30–40 K while lower temperatures (below 20 K) are obtained in the northern and southern parts of the ISF. In OMC-2, OMC-3, and the northern part of OMC-4, we find higher and lower temperatures at the boundaries and in the interior, respectively.
The shortest-period Wolf-Rayet binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud: Part of a high-order multiple system
Authors: Shenar T. , Hainich R. , Todt H. , Moffat A. F. J. , Sander A. , Oskinova L. M. , Ramachandran V. , Munoz M. , Pablo H. , Sana H. , Hamann W.-R.
Published: May 2018

Context. SMC AB 6 is the shortest-period (P = 6.5 d) Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This binary is therefore a key system in the study of binary interaction and formation of WR stars at low metallicity. The WR component in AB 6 was previously found to be very luminous (log L = 6.3 [L⊙]) compared to its reported orbital mass (≈8 M⊙), placing it significantly above the Eddington limit.

Aims. Through spectroscopy and orbital analysis of newly acquired optical data taken with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES), we aim to understand the peculiar results reported for this system and explore its evolutionary history.

Methods. We measured radial velocities via cross-correlation and performed a spectral analysis using the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet model atmosphere code. The evolution of the system was analyzed using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis evolution code.

Results. AB 6 contains at least four stars. The 6.5 d period WR binary comprises the WR primary (WN3:h, star A) and a rather rapidly rotating (veq = 265 km s−1) early O-type companion (O5.5 V, star B). Static N III and N IV emission lines and absorption signatures in He lines suggest the presence of an early-type emission line star (O5.5 I(f), star C). Finally, narrow absorption lines portraying a long-term radial velocity variation show the existence of a fourth star (O7.5 V, star D). Star D appears to form a second 140 d period binary together with a fifth stellar member, which is a B-type dwarf or a black hole. It is not clear that these additional components are bound to the WR binary. We derive a mass ratio of MO∕MWR = 2.2 ± 0.1. The WR star is found to be less luminous than previously thought (log L = 5.9 [L⊙]) and, adopting MO = 41 M⊙ for star B, more massive (MWR = 18 M⊙). Correspondingly, the WR star does not exceed the Eddington limit. We derive the initial masses of Mi,WR = 60 M⊙ and Mi,O = 40 M⊙ and an age of 3.9 Myr for the system. The WR binary likely experienced nonconservative mass transfer in the past supported by the relatively rapid rotation of star B.

Conclusions. Our study shows that AB 6 is a multiple – probably quintuple – system. This finding resolves the previously reported puzzle of the WR primary exceeding the Eddington limit and suggests that the WR star exchanged mass with its companion in the past.
Dust settling and rings in the outer regions of protoplanetary discs subject to ambipolar diffusion
Authors: Riols A. , Lesur G.
Published: May 2018

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence plays a crucial role in the dust dynamics of protoplanetary discs. It affects planet formation, vertical settling, and is one possible origin of the large scale axisymmetric structures, such as rings, recently imaged by ALMA and SPHERE. Among the variety of MHD processes in discs, the magnetorotational instability (MRI) has raised particular interest since it provides a source of turbulence and potentially organizes the flow into large scale structures. However, the weak ionization of discs prevents the MRI from being excited beyond 1 AU. Moreover, the low velocity dispersion observed in CO and strong sedimentation of millimetre dust measured in T-Tauri discs are in contradiction with predictions based on ideal MRI turbulence.

Aims. In this paper, we study the effects of non-ideal MHD and magnetized winds on the dynamics and sedimentation of dust grains. We consider a weakly ionized plasma subject to ambipolar diffusion characterizing the disc outer regions (≫1 AU).

Methods. To compute the dust and gas motions, we performed numerical MHD simulations in the stratified shearing box, using a modified version of the PLUTO code. We explored different grain sizes from micrometre to few centimetres and different disc vertical magnetizations with plasma beta ranging from 103 to 105.

Results. Our simulations show that the mm-cm dust is contained vertically in a very thin layer, with typical heightscale ≲0.4 AU at R = 30 AU, compatible with recent ALMA observations. Horizontally, the grains are trapped within the pressure maxima (or zonal flows) induced by ambipolar diffusion, leading to the formation of dust rings. For micrometre grains and strong magnetization, we find that the dust layer has a size comparable to the disc heightscale H. In this regime, dust settling cannot be explained by a simple 1D diffusion theory but results from a large scale 2D circulation induced by both MHD winds and zonal flows.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that non-ideal MHD effects and MHD winds associated with zonal flows play a major role in shaping the radial and vertical distribution of dust in protoplanetary discs. Leading to effective accretion efficiency α ≃ 10−3–10−1, non-ideal MHD models are also a promising avenue to reconcile the low turbulent activity measured in discs with their relatively high accretion rates.
Cystic echinococcosis in a domestic cat (Felis catus) in Italy
Authors: Bonelli Piero , Masu Gabriella , Dei Giudici Silvia , Pintus Davide , Peruzzu Angela , Piseddu Toni , Santucciu Cinzia , Cossu Assunta , Demurtas Nicola , Masala Giovanna
Published: May 2018

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is a zoonotic agent with a life cycle consisting of definitive hosts (dogs and wild carnivores), and intermediate hosts (usually ungulates). Other animals and humans may accidentally ingest eggs and contract cystic echinococcosis, acting as aberrant hosts. A 3-year-old neutered female cat was brought to a veterinary practice in Sassari (Italy) with abdominal distension. Ultrasound showed multiple intraperitoneal vesicles, which on laparotomy were found to be metacestodes of E. granulosus. Videos of the extraction of cysts are provided. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mitochondrial gene identified the isolate as E. granulosus sensu stricto genotype G1, the most common genotype circulating in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. This is the first case report of cystic echinococcosis in domestic cats from Italy.
Quelles technologies pour parvenir à la neutralité carbone ?
Authors:   La rédaction, Barré Alexandre , Jin Julie Yu Hyun , Vilain Louise
Published: May 2018

En 2050, la France devra être neutre en carbone. Même si la consommation énergétique diminuera grâce aux gains permis par l’efficacité énergétique, les transferts d’usage vers l’électricité bas carbone nécessiteront une hausse de la production d’électricité. Toutes les technologies devront alors être mobilisées. Tour d’horizon de la maturité, des coûts et des perspectives de développement des technologies bas carbone.
Selbsttötung auf Rezept: eine Begriffsanalyse des Urteils
Authors: Bozzaro Claudia
Published: May 2018

On March 2, 2017, the Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig ruled: In extreme emergencies, terminally ill people have the right to acquire suicide medications.The purpose of this article is to examine the criteria used to define an “extreme emergency”. The first step is to analyze the verdict. This will show that the term “unbearable suffering” plays a crucial role in defining the “extreme emergency”. In a next step, two philosophical conceptions of the suffering are presented and analyzed with regard to their respective effects for their application in practice. Against this background, it is stated that the application of the criterion of suffering in the judgment is problematic. This leads to the conclusion that the judgment does not constitute a valid basis for practical implementation.
Physiotherapie-Management und Return to Sport bei atypischem lumbalen Morbus Scheuermann
Authors: Hasler Carol-Claudius
Published: May 2018

Rückenschmerzen bei leistungsorientierten Sportlern im Wachstumsalter sind ernst zu nehmen, vor allem, wenn wie beim alpinen Skirennsport hohe axiale Belastungen
der Wirbelsäule generiert werden. Strukturelle Pathologien des lumbalen endplattennahen Diskus-Wachstumszonenkomplexes (atypischer Morbus Scheuermann) drohen
bei zu später Diagnose oder Ignorieren der Wachstumsphysiologie in fixierte sagittale Profilstörungen mit Gefährdung der Karriere und schlechter
Langzeitprognose überzugehen. Die rigorose Nutzung des meist nur 1–2-jährigen Therapiefensters zur Wachstumsmodulation ist hingegen Erfolg versprechend, wenn
die konsequente lordosierende Orthesenbehandlung mit stufenadaptierter Physiotherapie und Modifikation der Trainings- und Wettkampfaktivität kombiniert
wird.
Sportassoziierte Probleme der Lendenwirbelsäule beim jugendlichen Athleten
Authors: Studer Daniel
Published: May 2018

Die wachsende Wirbelsäule ist bei jugendlichen Athleten im Rahmen des pubertären Wachstumsspurts gegenüber Überlastungen und Verletzungen besonders anfällig.
Kenntnisse über spezifische sportassoziierte Probleme und deren Früherkennung sind Voraussetzung für eine adäquate Behandlung mit schneller Rückführung in den
sportlichen Alltag sowie zur Vermeidung nachhaltiger Schädigungen.
Kritisch krank und schlaflos
Authors: Leppla Peter
Published: May 2018

Wer krank ist, braucht viel Schlaf, das gilt im besonderen Maße für Patienten auf Intensivstationen. Aber wie gut schlafen Patienten dort? Was ist überhaupt
guter Schlaf? Und was können Pflegende tun, um die Schlafqualität von Intensivpatienten zu verbessern? Autor Peter Leppla wurde für seine Facharbeit mit dem „B.
Braun DGF Intensivpflegepreis 2017“ ausgezeichnet.
Sequential Treatment Escalation with Dapagliflozin and Saxagliptin Improves Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Previous Metformin Treatment: An Exploratory Mechanistic Study
Authors: Forst Thomas , Alghdban Mohammed , Fischer Annelie , Weber Matthias , Voswinkel Stephan , Heise Tim , Kapitza Christoph , Plum-Mörschel Leona
Published: May 2018

We investigated the effect of sequential treatment escalation with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin on beta cell function in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled on metformin monotherapy during a hyperglycaemic clamp investigation. Twenty-six patients (19 males, age 63.5±7.0 years; duration of diabetes 8.8±4.7 years; HbA1c 63.9±15.8 mmol/mol; mean±SD) were enrolled in the study. During a first treatment period (TP1) all patients received 10 mg dapagliflozin for one month, followed by the addition of 5 mg saxagliptin or placebo for another month (TP2). At baseline and at the end of each treatment period, fasting glucose and insulin levels were analysed, and a hyperglycaemic clamp with the measurement of plasma C-peptide, insulin, proinsulin, and glucagon was performed. Treatment with dapagliflozin reduced fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance (TP1). Within the hyperglycaemic clamp, C-peptide and insulin concentrations increased after the addition of dapagliflozin in TP1 (0.48±0.45 nmol*h/l; 6.24±17.9 mU*h/l) and further improved after the addition of saxagliptin in TP2 (0.38±0.34 nmol*h/l; 6.59±10.15 mU*h/l). Acute insulin response did not change after the addition of dapagliflozin (TP1), but significantly improved after the addition of saxagliptin in TP2 (0.89±0.76 mU*h/l). Both drugs improved the C-peptide/proinsulin ratio. After the addition of saxagliptin, the glucagon/insulin ratio significantly declined (TP2). Treatment escalation with dapagliflozin and saxagliptin exhibit additive effects on beta cell capacity, and improves alpha and beta cell integrity.
Pancreatic Beta-Cell Proliferation Induced by Estradiol-17β is Foxo1 Dependent
Authors: Shaklai Sigal , Grafi-Cohen Meital , Sharon Orli , Sagiv Nadav , Shefer Gabi , Somjen Dalia , Stern Naftali
Published: May 2018

Estradiol-17β (E2) and the Foxo1 transcription factor have each been implicated in the regulation of β-cell proliferation. Interaction between Foxo1and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), effecting cell cycle, has been demonstrated in breast cancer cells, but has not been studied thus far in β-cells. Using human islets and the INS1-E β-cell line, this study investigated the contribution of Foxo1 to E2-mediated β-cell replication. Foxo1 expression was knocked down in INS1-E cells using siRNA and Foxo1 activity was inhibited in human islets with a specific Foxo1 inhibitor (AS1842856). Cells were treated with E2 and the ERα agonist PPT and evaluated for proliferation by 3[H]-thymidine incorporation and for transcriptional activity through the estrogen response element by the luciferase assay. As Foxo1 activity is regulated by post-translational modifications, the effect of E2 on phosphorylation was also assessed. In INS1-E cells, knock down of Foxo1 abrogated the proliferative response to E2 and PPT. In human islets, inhibition of Foxo1 abrogated E2-mediated proliferation and attenuated the response to PPT. Foxo1 knock down and inhibition reduced activity through the estrogen response element by 25% (p<0.05) and 50% (p<0.01) respectively, in INS1-E cells. E2 increased Foxo1 phosphorylation in a time dependent manner in INS1-E and human islets (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that Foxo1 is involved in E2-mediated proliferation in INS1-E cells and human islets. This may have implications vis-à-vis variations in circulating endogenous E2 concentrations in diabetes.
Is Normal Coronary Arteries on Coronary Angiogram Truly Benign?
Authors: Garre Indrani , Nallagasu Raju , Nemani Lalita , Devaraju Sreebhushanraju , V. Narendrakumar , Kakamanu Neeraja
Published: May 2018

Background Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world, and coronary angiography (CAG) is the standard test for detection of critical diseases. Nearly 25% patients undergoing angiography are found to have normal coronary arteries (NCAs). Recent publications say that the follow-up of the NCA patients is not benign.

Aim The main objective of this study is to know outcomes of patients diagnosed with normal coronaries on conventional angiograms.

Methods This is a single-center observational study. The authors collected the data of patients who came for CAG to their institute from January 1 to December 31, 2014. They included the patients who have normal coronaries in this study. The indication to do the CAG is chest pain (angina) for evaluation. The authors contacted every patient telephonically to know the outcomes after 2 years of CAG. The telephonic data were collected either from patients or from attendants by asking the questionnaire about the present status of patients.

Results The authors collected the data of 1,526 patients who underwent the CAG during study period. Out of 1,526 patients, 201 patients with mean age of 52.45 ± 10.7 years met the inclusion criteria; 108 (53.73%) were hypertensives and 57 (28.36%) were diabetic. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the presenting symptom in 28 (13.9%) of patients; the remaining patients presented with chronic stable angina (CSA). Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was present in 15 (7.5%) of patients. At the 2-year follow-up, 12 (5.9%) patients were symptomatic, and out of them, 7 died (mortality 3.5%).

The binary logistic regression showed that only blood urea (BU) was determinant factor for mortality (p = 0.022). Even LV dysfunction (p = 0.39) was not a contributor for mortality. A subanalysis of gender also showed similar findings (male, p = 0.02; female, p = 0.05).

Conclusion In angina patients with NCA on CAG, the BU showed statistical significance for morality. This is true even on further sex-based analysis (male, p = 0.02; female, p = 0.05). This study helps understand that even the people with normal coronaries, they may have the symptomatic outcomes, not only because of coronaries and also with other associated diseases.
Right Atrial Thrombus Mimicking Myxoma
Authors: Nemani Lalita , Killi Satish
Published: May 2018

Right atrial mass could be a tumor, thrombus, or vegetation, and it often poses a diagnostic dilemma. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to planning the correct management strategy. However, despite the advanced and sophisticated diagnostic modalities available, differentiating intracardiac masses could still be challenging. Clinical presentation leads to the appropriate conduit of investigations, and histopathology is confirmatory. When the diagnostic dilemma persists even after all efforts, clinical scenario should be strongly reconsidered, especially in unique clinical settings before concluding a diagnosis. In this article, the authors describe the case of a young woman with history of peripheral arterial thrombosis, who underwent surgical excision of a right atrial mass diagnosed as right atrial myxoma. She later presented with massive pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. In view of her extensive thrombotic history, her entire case was reviewed including the histopathology slides, and the diagnosis of right atrial thrombus was considered and confirmed. On further workup for thrombotic state, she was found to have protein C deficiency.
Ursachen, Diagnostik und Behandlung der Malassimilation
Authors: Schröder Torsten , Kistenmacher Alina , Smollich Martin , Sina Christian
Published: May 2018

Patients with malassimilation suffer from disturbed exploitation of available nutrients, which can affect macro- and micronutrients. Malassimilation can be subdivided in maldigestion and malabsorption. Many different disorders, especially gastrointestinal diseases, can lead to malassimilation. The wide variety of differential diagnoses necessitates big diagnostic as well as financial efforts in order to assure good clinical care. This review provides an overview on diagnostic as well as therapeutic processes of patients with malassimilation and gives practical advice for their physicians and therapists.
Sub-50-as isolated extreme ultraviolet continua generated by 1.6-cycle near-infrared pulse combined with double optical gating scheme
Authors: Oguri Katsuya , Mashiko Hiroki , Ogawa Tatsuya , Hanada Yasutaka , Nakano Hidetoshi , Gotoh Hideki
Published: May 2018

We demonstrate the generation of ultrabroad bandwidth attosecond continua extending to sub-50-as duration in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region based on a 1.6-cycle Ti:sapphire laser pulse. The combination of the amplitude gating scheme with a sub-two-cycle driver pulse and the double optical gating scheme achieves the continuum generation with a bandwidth of 70 eV at the full width at half maximum near the peak photon energy of 140 eV, which supports a Fourier-transform-limited pulse duration as short as 32 as. The carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) dependence of the attosecond continua shows a single-peak structure originating from the half-cycle cut-off at appropriate CEP values, which strongly indicates the generation of a single burst of an isolated attosecond pulse. Our approach suggests a possibility for isolated sub-50-as pulse generation in the EUV region by compensating for the intrinsic attosecond chirp with a Zr filter.
Aerosol jet printed silver nanowire transparent electrode for flexible electronic application
Authors: Tu Li , Yuan Sijian , Zhang Huotian , Wang Pengfei , Cui Xiaolei , Wang Jiao , Zhan Yi-Qiang , Zheng Li-Rong
Published: May 2018

Aerosol jet printing technology enables fine feature deposition of electronic materials onto low-temperature, non-planar substrates without masks. In this work, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are proposed to be printed into transparent flexible electrodes using a Maskless Mesoscale Material Deposition Aerosol Jet® printing system on a glass substrate. The influence of the most significant process parameters, including printing cycles, printing speed, and nozzle size, on the performance of AgNW electrodes was systematically studied. The morphologies of printed patterns were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the transmittance was evaluated using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. Under optimum conditions, high transparent AgNW electrodes with a sheet resistance of 57.68 Ω/sq and a linewidth of 50.9 μm were obtained, which is an important step towards a higher performance goal for flexible electronic applications.
Farming systems’ productivity and soil organic carbon stocks following fertilisers, no-tillage or legumes on a fertility-depleted soil in a semi-arid subtropical region
Authors: Dalal R. C. , Strong W. M. , Weston E. J. , Cooper J. E. , Lehane K. J. , King A. J.
Published: May 2018

Depleted soil nitrogen supplies in long-term continuously cultivated soil for cereal grain cropping have resulted in reduced cereal yields, low grain proteins and hence low economic returns. This has necessitated the development of alternative management practices to sustain crop yields, as well as to restore and maintain soil fertility. In the present study we examined the comparative performance of several management options over a 12-year period, including: a 4-year rotation of grass + legume pasture followed by wheat (GL–wheat); 2-year rotations of lucerne–wheat, annual medic–wheat and chickpea–wheat; and continuous conventional tillage (CT) or no-tillage (NT), without or with fertiliser N application (0, 25 and 75 kg N ha–1 for each crop). Average wheat grain yields were highest in the chickpea–wheat rotation, followed by the NT wheat with 75 kg N ha–1; the lowest grain yields were in the CT or NT wheat treatment without fertiliser N application. Crop water use and gross margin were strongly correlated. However, there was an increasing potential for the deep leaching of nitrate-N at 75 kg N ha–1 application, as well as from the GL pasture initiated in 1987, but not from that initiated in 1986, emphasising the effect of variability in growing seasons. Soil organic C stocks increased under the 4-year GL pasture in the 0–0.1 m depth only, then decreased steadily following the cropping phase. The rotation of 4-year GL pasture followed by wheat cropping for 4–6 years may maintain initial soil organic C stock, but a shorter cropping phase is required to increase soil organic C and N stocks and soil fertility in the long term. Partial economic analysis of the treatments suggested that restoring or maintaining soil N fertility, either through legume-based pastures, grain legume and/or N fertiliser, provides long-term positive economic return.
English presentative semantic patterns as seen through a parallel translation corpus
Authors: Malá Markéta , Brůhová Gabriela
Published: May 2018

The present paper studies the English presentative semantic pattern whose function is to introduce a new phenomenon into the discourse, relating it to an already established location. A contrastive (English-Czech) cross-linguistic corpus-assisted approach is applied to explore syntactically diverse forms which represent the same presentative semantic pattern: ‘location – presentation verb – new phenomenon’. We focus on English sentences in which the location is expressed syntactically as the subject. The English constructions with a locative subject were detected as translation counterparts of Czech sentence-initial locative adverbials realized by prepositional phrases. Our study demonstrates that the potential of the sentence to introduce a new phenomenon in discourse is primarily based on the semantics of the verb.
Religion, ideology and terrorism.
Authors: Clarke A.
Published: May 2018

This chapter reflects on religion, ideology and terrorism, highlighting that now, in the late 2010s, we live at a particular conjuncture that brings together terrorism and tourism and places them in a context where religion is a defining parameter. The chapter deals with many concepts in relation to ideologies, panic and risk.
Hajj: the movement and behaviour of crowds.
Authors: Qurashi J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the challenges faced by pilgrimages during the Hajj ritual. These range from the internal directions and challenges of Hajj movements from a religious perspective to local services being offered by the Saudi government. Moreover, by logical extension, how psychological and physical factors, and the physics of crowd behaviour impact the mega-movement of the Hajj are also discussed. Also examined is the role of different simulation models that can observe movements and crowd behaviour.
Discussion questions.
Authors: Korstanje M. E. , Raj R. , Griffin K.
Published: May 2018

Discussion questions are presented for each of the chapter in this book about risk and safety challenges in religious tourism and events.
Meshworks, entanglements and presencing absence: pilgrimages, eastern Free State-style.
Authors: Plooy S. du
Published: May 2018

Scholars working from a culturalistic position are adamant that people give meaning and make meaning; they inscribe on to what Ingold (2010b, p. 126) calls hard surfaces the cognitive and symbolic ascriptions needed to construct social reality. Two foundational assumptions underpinning this locality of thinking are: (i) there is a unilinear directionality to impacting, and people do all the impacting, constructing and ascribing; one could say that humans are therefore the only agents of construction; and (ii) arguments are formulated as if the cognitive thought-spark is always the genesis of meaning. I believe, however, that by applying ethnographic evidence gleaned from domestic pilgrimages to sacred sites in the eastern Free State, South Africa, I will demonstrate that landscapes, dreamscapes and personscapes are inextricably entangled and not simply inscribed by human agents as advocates of the culturalistic perspective propose. I am arguing that three incorporated domains, landscapes, dreamscapes and personscapes, in the context of pilgrimages, are non-linear, multi-dimensional and often unpredictably interconnected as they come into existence. Five years of ethnographic fieldwork to and at the sacred sites of Mautse, Motouleng and Mantsopa have left no doubt as to the animacy of the sites, these pilgrimages and occasional and more permanent site users. Landscapes, dreamscapes and personscapes are pilgrimage meshworks.
Pilgrim writers in dialogue.
Authors: Beek S. van der
Published: May 2018

Since the end of the last century, the Camino to Santiago de Compostela has become one of the most prominent manifestations of contemporary Western pilgrimage. The rapid increase in pilgrim numbers has led to a rapidly increasing number of pilgrim narratives. These stories, both on and by pilgrims, provide an interesting insight into the ideas and experiences of the modern pilgrim, for they touch upon a great variety of different themes that play a role in the making of a pilgrimage. What is more, the popularization of the internet has provided pilgrims with new forms of private and public storytelling. These techniques have not only increased the number of narratives that are produced, but they have also created a platform for a variety of different writers who create their narratives with different objectives in mind. The present chapter aims to structure the fast-growing body of pilgrim narratives by identifying three types of pilgrim writers: (i) the personal; (ii) the institutional; and (iii) the forgotten. This typology will be based upon the different relations that pilgrim writers have with the narratives they produce. However, as the chapter will show, no writer is the complete master of their own stories, and all three types of writer remain in a constant, deliberate dialogue with their fellow writers. The dynamics of this dialogue are lively and creative and form an important element in the construction of contemporary pilgrimage.
Richard Burton: disguise as journey to the self and beyond.
Authors: Aateka Khan Aateka Khan
Published: May 2018

This chapter interrogates the act of pilgrimage as undertaken by the celebrated British Haji, Richard Burton, in 1853, and recounted in the Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, a work he penned shortly after. What motivated Burton to undertake such an enterprise? Glory? Adventure? Curiosity? Perhaps it was an eagerness to appease imperial authorities to further his career. Probably one can never know the truth (not even of one's own self), but I attempt this interrogation of pilgrimage from a postcolonial consciousness, which I find deplorably under-represented in studies on Burton. By bringing to bear in this discourse a voice from the other side of the fence, I hope to enrich the understanding of the pilgrimage adventure that Burton undertook and to draw attention to anomalies in Burton's narrative that have been, not surprisingly, glossed over. Most writers on Burton fail to question his claim that disguise as a Muslim other, with the paraphernalia of cultural markers, was a prerequisite to performing the Hajj. This chapter shall offer an alternative reading, countering the widespread Eurocentric acceptance of this claim and supported by a close textual analysis. Another interesting aspect of the pilgrimage that will be explored is the peculiar role that Burton played by embarking on a pilgrimage funded by imperial Britain, yet displaying the ability to surpass the restrictive view of Islam which such an orientalist enterprise would encourage.
'Non-sacred' no more: the pilgrimage path Crucán na bPáiste and the re-evaluation of Irish cultural practices.
Authors: Quin E. M.
Published: May 2018

In Ireland, cillíní ('mini cemeteries' or 'angel plots') were designated as 'non-sacred' places where infants and young children who had died without baptism were laid to rest. Since Medieval times, these 'holy angels' were denied burial in Roman Catholic cemeteries. Not having been properly baptized, the Church insisted they had no rights to sacred burial. Since the mid-1990s, a reconsideration of this position has surfaced, and in certain places, pilgrimages to cillíní have been undertaken in order to restore dignity to those whose familial loss was aggravated by Church fiat. In certain places, 'non-sacred' graves have been opened and their remains reinterred in family plots. In County Mayo, a place called Crucán na bPáiste (The Burial Place of the Children) typifies how one community made its cillín sacred. Boundaries were demarcated and a walkway created. A plaque highlighting the site's significance was erected, and a song by the same name in the Irish language was published on YouTube©. Drawing upon the insights of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, historian Brian Stock, anthropologist Ian McIntosh and others, this chapter examines how the re-evaluation of unbaptized children's graves forms part of a larger trend taking place in Ireland today in which poems, songs and traditional genres like the agallamh beirte (dialogue in verse) function to expose some of the abuses inflicted by clerics and colonials alike. Their excesses include suppressing the death lament or keen (an caoineadh) and 'blaming the victim' for the precipitation of the Great Irish Famine (aka An Gorta Mór, 1845-1852). Exposing such overreaches of authority has enabled many Irish people to heal their communities and themselves. In terms of the latter, the chapter concludes by examining how the author of the song 'Crucán na bPáiste' found personal healing by harking to the message of the newly sacralized site.
The Future Generations Ride of the Lakota Sioux.
Authors: Greenia G. D.
Published: May 2018

On 29 December 1890, an unanticipated but malicious massacre of Lakota Sioux took place near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota. In advance of the centenary of this tragedy in 1990, a commemorative midwinter horseback ride was organized by members of the Lakota Nation who are now largely confined to reservations and suffer from a poverty rate of 50% and an unemployment rate of 70%. The modern trek was staged intuitively from the outset as a pilgrimage event, commemorative in nature and as a solemn procession to a site of mourning, much as secular pilgrims visit sites like the Atocha train station in Madrid, Guernica in the north of Spain or Ground Zero in New York. The Big Foot Memorial Ride concluded annually on the anniversary of the tragedy and covered some 200-300 miles, the approximate number of Indian deaths in 1890. The 1990 mourning ritual has been supplanted by a redesigned communal event enlarged and deepened in scope, the Future Generations Ride. Crafted as a youth event, it teaches Lakota history, values and prayer forms to a new generation of teenagers who make this difficult trip as a rite of passage, often in deep snow and freezing temperatures. The Future Generations Ride has become an iconic event that draws the attention and solidarity of many thousands who follow it through the news media. Across modern America, journeys of exile and tragedy forge identity through remembrance, the Future Generations Ride converging with the Underground Railroad, the Trail of Tears and a score of other memorial pilgrimages (Greenia, 2014a, b).
Pilgrimage and the challenging of a Canadian foundational myth.
Authors: Anderson M. R.
Published: May 2018

Walking pilgrimage is growing in popularity. Initiatives to create routes on Canadian soil raise an important issue: how should local pilgrimage reflect Indigenous history and concerns? As First Nations leaders point out, all Canadians are 'treaty people' (i.e. on one side or the other of historical agreements concerning land). They call for Canadian academics and artists to help raise awareness of a suppressed history and of its ongoing, and devastating, consequences. Despite this, First Nations and Métis groups are often ignored in Canadian pilgrimage discourse. The North West Mounted Police (NWMP) Trail is a 300-km track across the northern Great Plains. It was roughly parallel to this route that the first recruits of Canada's military force marched west in 1874 to establish a police presence on Canada's western frontier. The story of their nearly disastrous trek, while not as well known as it might be, is none the less celebrated (Wilson, 2007, p. 248). What is less well known is that the NWMP Trail quickly became a crucial east-west thoroughfare through the contested border territory. The now hidden ruts once served as a significant Métis commercial route. They saw political deal making that was crucial to Canada, the USA and to the First Nations caught between them. They served as the trajectory along which some of Canada's first refugees, the Lakota, were pushed out, as Ottawa used starvation to clear the plains and to prepare for European settlement. Re-walking the NWMP Trail as a pilgrimage is one way of remembering this path's underappreciated role in the making of Canada. Because 'space' becomes 'place' by means of the stories we tell (Sheldrake, 2005, p. 495), an NWMP/Lakota/Métis Trail pilgrimage is one modest contribution to the widespread and growing recovery of an alternative Canadian, and Indigenous, history and culture.
Delinking, food sovereignty, and populist agronomy: notes on an intellectual history of the peasant path in the global South
Authors: Ajl Max
Published: May 2018

The article examines the weakness of discourses around food sovereignty in Southwest Asia and North Africa, and examines some older currents resembling the food sovereignty discourse. The author first historically situates the emergence of food sovereignty. He discusses agro-ecology – the ‘technics’ (or social embeddedness of technology) of food sovereignty – and its national-popular content, before then developing elements of the delinking paradigm. He goes on to discuss Tunisian national-popular and Third Worldist agronomists’ and economists’ efforts to develop technics and frameworks for food sovereignty in the 1970s and 1980s. The article compares the food sovereignty paradigm with auto-centred, self-reliant development proposals, and the proposals of the Tunisian economists and agronomists.
Study on the Distribution Law of Sand Dust Particles in Solar Power Stations
Authors: Shuai Wang , Mingzhi Zhao
Published: May 2018

Dust is an important part of the particulate matter in the desert atmosphere environment . It moves to the nearby solar panels by suspension and saltation, which affects solar power. Collecting sand dust with sand sampler and compare with the dust distribution characteristics and parameters on the earth's surface to find out the transport law of dust and variation of dust weight with height in sand sampler. The results showed that the distribution of dust particle size obeyed the exponential distribution law. The dust particle size of surface dust is larger than that of sand sampler and the dust is in poor sorting which was caused by the selection of external factors such as wind. There is a good correlation between the dust in the sand sampler and the specific gravity of dust particle size in the earth's surface. The dust weight increases with height in sand sampler obey the law of power-decreasing. The heigher the solar panel, the surface dust deposition has less influence on it. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the impact of desert dust on solar power station.
Extremal multipliers of the Drury–Arveson space
Authors: Jury Michael , Martin Robert
Published: May 2018

We give a new characterization of the so-called quasi-extreme multipliers of the Drury–Arveson space

H
d
2

H^2_d

and show that every quasi-extreme multiplier is an extreme point of the unit ball of the multiplier algebra of

H
d
2

H^2_d

.