bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREGNANCY, BİRTH AND POSTPARTUM CARE EXPERİENCES AND THOUGHTS OF WOMEN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALİTATİVE STUDY
Authors: ELMAS Semra , BAŞGÖL Şükran
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the experiences and thoughts of pregnant women during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was qualitative and conducted with 10 pregnant women, and a descriptive phenomenological method was used. The "Descriptive Information Form" and the "Semi-Structured Interview Form" were used as data collection tools. The data was analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. At the end of the interview, a total of 13 main themes and sub-themes for pregnancy, birth, and postpartum were obtained. During pregnancy, five main themes were identified under the headings of fear, restlessness and stress, anxiety, difficulty in follow-up, and precaution. For the birth, five main themes were determined under the headings of anxiety, loneliness, hope, precaution, and fear. For the postpartum period, 3 main themes emerged under the headings of anxiety, giving up on dreams, and precaution. The results of the study will be beneficial in terms of raising awareness of health professionals who care for pregnant women not only about the physical health of pregnant women but also about mental health. Holistic care should be planned and alternative care methods should be offered by considering the experiences, thoughts, and individual concerns of pregnant women. Women should be informed, guided and have access to services whenever they need them.
SELF
Authors: ÖZTUNA Şeyda , BUCAK Feray
Published: October 2022

The self is a phenomenon that begins to form from the first years of life, continues its development, can be affected by life events, and may have an impact on the mental and physical conditions of individuals. A professional nursing care is possible if a nurse is able to plan the patients' care, by discovering and figuring out their behaviors and placing their subjectivity at the center of the care. Nurse should not only assess the individuals but also consider how they see and perceive themselves and their positive and negative judgments about themselves. The aim of this review is to explain the concepts of self, self-esteem, and low and high self, which have a determining power in the future life style and relationships of individuals and they obtain by interacting with their circle and receive feedback from them. Another aim of the study is to examine importance of the factors associated with self-concept and the effects of these factors on the mental and physical conditions of individuals in planning of nursing care.
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Species From Wounds Specimens
Authors: Enemali Mercy Ugbede , Yilkahan Danung Istifanus , V Tamizhazhagan
Published: October 2022

A hallmark of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is its ability to establish biofilm based infections that are difficult to eradicate. Biofilms are less susceptible to host inflammatory and immune response and have higher antibiotic tolerance that frees living planktonic cells. The aim of the study is to investigate biofilm forming capacity and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical wound specimen. A total number of60 wound specimens will be submitted to the bacteriology laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital for investigation, and will be screened for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains will be identified on the basis of cultural characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical tests such as citrate, urease, indole, fermentation of sugar using triple sugar agar. The biofilm forming capacity of the strains will be tested using the test tube method after the strains are standardized to approximately standard inoculated into a cooked meat broth. The growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains after 48 hours incubation will be measured by taking the absorbance using Densi-Check. The strain growth rate will be checked. Biofilm formation at the liquid interface (pllicle) will be observed as a ring and this will be qualitatively scored from the first to the last strain. The cultures will be decanted gently and rinsed twice with sterile distilled water and steained with 0.1% w/v safranin, the stain will be decolorized using 100% alcohol, and the absorbance for strains will be measured at 590nm. The strain with the most and least biofilm formation will be recorded with the absorbance rates. The clinical significance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm forming capacity and resistance to antibiotics which could result to none healing, delayed healing, foul smell of wound infection will be checked for the experiment.
Assessing the Potentials of Some Agro-Waste Peels Through Proximate Analysis
Authors: Onuguh I. C. , Ikhuoria E. U. , Obibuzo J. U.
Published: October 2022

The economic potentials of some agro-waste peels were evaluated using proximate analysis. The substrates investigated were pineapple peels, banana peels, plantain peels, cassava peels, yam peels and potato peels. Their bioethanol production potentials were evaluated using their % carbohydrate content while their animal feed production potentials were evaluated using their total energy content on a dry weight bases. On comparative assessment, it was deduced that potato peels had the highest bioethanol production potential (84.64% carbohydrate content) while pineapple peels had the least (54.89% carbohydrate content). It was also deduced that potato peels had the highest animal feed production potential (383.04 Kcal/100g) while cassava peels had the least (356.84 Kcal/100g). Minerals were also found to be highest in plantain peels (11.41% ash) and cassava peels (9.85% ash). This research revealed that all the considered substrates were good sources of carbohydrates and energy when completely dried, although in varying degree.
Effect of Chromium Toxicity on Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Multafu Kyari, Emmanuel , Ahmad Abdul Hameed , Salisu Garba Aziza , Eunice Olajemilo Modupe , Iqbal Muzafar
Published: October 2022

This study was conducted to determine and compare the inhibitory effects of chromium on seed germination and early seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Chromium was selected to find out its harmful effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Maize Seeds of the selected plants were grown in Petri dishes and treated with varying concentrations of Chromium solution. Each treatment was replicated three times in a randomized design and observed for 5 days. The developing seedlings were studied for their total rate of germination, length of a radicle, and length of plumule compared to a set of seeds germinated using distilled water as a control. It was observed that the harmful effects of chromium on all the parameters were directly proportional to the concentration of solution employed, with the inhibition of growth being pronounced from 400mg/l onwards. It was found that the level of chromium at and above 100 mg/L proved to be lethal to all the maize cultivars selected based on the comparison of the toxic effect on germination, plumule and radical. Based on the response of the plants to the toxic effect of chromium concentration was seen in the following order, 800mg/L >600mg/L >400mg/L >100mg/L.
The Effect of Land use Changes on the Paya Tumpi Flash Flood, Central Aceh District
Authors: . Fasdarsyah , Hafli Teuku Mudi , Rizky Anggriyani Diana
Published: October 2022

Central Aceh Regency is a highland area with little risk of flooding due to its elevation, allowing water to drain quickly. Floods began to occur more frequently in the Central Aceh District in 2015s, with overflowing water in Urban Drainage in various locations. The land use of the Paya Tumpi Waterway Network has shifted from forest to agricultural. As evidenced by the high flow coefficient, which can lead to flooding in the Paya Tumpi watershed area, insufficient agricultural land processing can wreak havoc on the hydrological function of the water flow network. A low topography characterizes the site. Due to an overflown of the water flow network in Paya Tumpi village, Central Aceh Regency experienced a Flash Flood on May 13, 2020. The main issue addressed in this research is the impact of land changes on the hydrological function of the water flow network against Banjir Bandang. Using hydrological analysis and land change, we determined the flood discharge that occurred. In deciding the flood discharge, hydrological analysis and land change analysis using GIS software were used. The findings revealed that the flood influenced changes in land use, causing the water network's capacity to become ineffective.
Administrative Stracture of Mughals an Explanatory Study
Authors: Dolvi Dr. Jayasree
Published: October 2022

The management of operations is what we call administration. Even while entire empires can collapse and other rulers can take their place, the administration of a country will continue on indefinitely. It is neither susceptible to transformation by revolution, nor can it be uprooted by upheaval. There were many dynasties that ruled over India, but the Mughal dynasty is considered to be the most significant because it dominated the country on Indian soil for the greatest stretch of time and had its own unique administrative structure. Between the years 1526 and 1707, the Mughals left their imprint on Hindu culture as well as on Hindu history. The Mughals held sway over India for a total of 181 years, during which period the country underwent a number of significant transformations. The Mughal Empire was significant because it united practically the whole Indian subcontinent under its control and brought the various regions of the subcontinent closer together by enhancing both their overland and coastal commercial networks. In addition to this, it was famous for the cultural impact. It was thought to be the first major empire to arise in India after the fall of the Gupta Dynasty. The study provides an insight into the Mughal administrative hierarchy. In order to arrive at a conclusion, the research used a combination of descriptive, historical, and analytical method with qualitative approach.
Marketing Practices in Small Scale Industries With Special Reference To Units In Industrial Estates Guindy Chennai
Authors: Arasu Dr R.
Published: October 2022

The present study is concerned with the marketing practices of the little scale industrial units. A review of the present written work on the subject reveals that the marketing issues of the little scale industrialists have remained a really unmapped extent. The purpose behind this study is to look at to what degree the little representatives get the marketing thought in their marketing decisions for fulfilling legitimate targets. The mission and vision of the affiliation includes in choosing the necessities and requirements of target markets and passing on the pined for fulfilments more effectively and profitably than contenders.
The Effect Of Interest Rate On Kenya’s Economic Performance
Authors: Ogero Titus Mosoti , Musyoka Julia Mwende
Published: October 2022

The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of interest rate on Kenya’s economic performance where Time-series data from Central Bank of Kenya for the period of 1995-2015 is employed. The methodology employed in this paper includes the descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis to examine the effect. The paper establishes theoretical foundations drawn from economic related theories, fisher’s theory and Keynes liquidity theory to design a basic framework for descriptive investigation to the specific case of interest rate and economic performance. The descriptive results shows that there has been a very high volatility in both interest and inflation rates since 1995 and 2005 respectively with interest rate hitting as low as 12.53% and as high as 33.79% while inflation rates hitting as slow as 1.96 % to as high as 16.30%. GDP growth hit the lowest point of -2.14% and the highest of 4.30. Correlation coefficient technique is employed to establish the strength and direction of the relationship between interest rate and economic performance. The results from regression analysis reveals that interest rate has a negative impact on economic performance in Kenya at 5 percent level (r=-0.738, Beta=0.437, t=1.99, p<0.05). Moreover, the paper finds out that the degree of responsiveness of GDP to changes in the interest rate is large. The paper recommends that there is need for the government to control the country’s interest rate as it is found that it negatively affect the economic performance of the country.
A Study on Employees Welfare Measure in Whell in Trichy
Authors: Peter Dr Magdalene
Published: October 2022

The present study was under brought in view of such an assignment and it goes for uncovering the qualities and shortcoming of the welfare measures in Whell Trichy. Since associations exist to accomplish objectives. The level of accomplishment that individual representatives have in contacting their people objectives is vital in deciding authoritative effectiveness. The evaluation of how fruitful representatives have been at meeting their individual objectives, along these lines, it turns into a basic piece of Human Resource Management. This leads us to the theme of Employees Welfare measures. This paper goes for knowing Welfare System. In this paper the work climate and the welfare measures gave by the association has examined. It additionally goes for discovering the worker's association with the administration. The conclusion and proposals are likewise given in this report for the change of this framework in the association.
Effect of Packaging Design on Repurchase Intention to the Politeknik IT&B Medan Using E-Commerce Applications
Authors: Tua Pandiangan Saut Maruli
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze effect of packaging design on repurchase intention to the Politeknik IT&B Medan using e-commerce applications. This type of research is descriptive quantitative and survey research methods. This research is conducted on the Politeknik IT&B Medan students using e-commerce applications in the Politeknik IT&B Medan. The sample of this study is a population of 47 respondents or the Politeknik IT&B Medan students, Department of Business Administration, semester 2 and 4. The data analysis method use simple linear regression with partial test (t) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that packaging design has a positive and significant effect to the Politeknik IT&B Medan using e-commerce applications. Packaging design can explain the repurchase intention variable by 64.1% and the remaining 35.9% is explain by other variables not examined in this study.
Stock Accuracy During The Warehouse Transfer Process Of India Distribution Centre (Idc), Caterpillar
Authors: Arasu Dr R.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify the various issues related to maintaining stock accuracy during a warehouse transfer. A warehouse transfer is a process where the inventory of a company is transported from a former warehouse to a new one pertaining to various reasons like expansion, merging, etc. The goal of the study is to identify the various problems faced in maintaining stock accuracy and to gain a knowledge of how to ensure the stock accuracy during the transfer. Descriptive research methodology is adopted and sampling is done based on the convenience of the researcher. The samples selected are the employees and contract labourers working in the transfer process. The sample size chosen is 15. Through this study, it is observed that most errors in maintaining stock accuracy is because of the absence of awareness among the employees. Moreover, since the contract labourers are used there is no consistency in the work process and they remain unaware of the procedures of the warehouse transfer. Almost one third of the respondents are unaware of the locations and their labelling patterns, which may lead to misplacement of the materials. This in turn causes discrepancies in the stock accuracy. Most of the respondents are not aware of the method of measurement of stock accuracy. Only one third of the respondents are aware of the number of parts involved in the transfer and the number of locations available for the parts.
Analysis of Studies on Coding Education: A Meta Synthesis Study
Authors: SECKIN-KAPUCU Munise , BATU Abdulhalim
Published: October 2022

In this research, 39 studies carried out between 2015 and 2021 were examined by metasynthesis method. In this context, current trends in published research on coding education in Turkey have been tried to be determined. Studies on coding education in Turkey were examined according to the years they were published, the subject and application areas of the studies, research methods, study groups, data collection tools, data analysis techniques, results and suggestions. In order to examine the publications included in the research, a data collection form was developed by the researchers and analyzed within the framework of the determined categories. As a result of the findings, it was seen that more studies were carried out on coding education in 2019-2020, studies were carried out to determine opinions on robotics and coding education, studies were carried out in the field of educational science, case study and experimental design were preferred, mostly secondary school students were preferred as the study group, and the data were collected mostly by interview technique. It has been revealed that content analysis is frequently used in analysis. When the studies examined, it was seen that mostly results were obtained to explain the current situation and suggestions for applications were included. In line with the results of the research, longitudinal or experimental studies can be made for coding education.
The Scene and Importance of Teaching the Project Approach in the Light of the Results of a Hungarian Questionnaire Research
Authors: CSISZARIK-KOCSIR Agnes , VARGA Janos , SAARY Reka
Published: October 2022

The project approach, thinking in projects, is becoming increasingly important today. The rapidly changing world, new challenges and new tasks require us to plan and execute a task accurately, then analyze it and learn from our mistakes. It can also be said that our daily lives are not a series of routine tasks, as life presents us with new challenges. No better example of this than the pandemic, which is a new situation for everyone. Thinking in projects can be learned and taught, but it should not be learned on the job, but should become part of our knowledge long before it is needed. There are many methodologies, recommendations and good examples of how to transfer the project approach, but these are not always effective. In our research, we sought to identify the levels of education at which respondents consider project-based education to be effective. We were also interested to find out for what purposes they considered the project approach useful and where they would benefit from it. In this study we seek to answer the question of when it is appropriate to start teaching project-based learning, at what level and why it is important, based on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in Hungary.
Marketing in the Metaverse: A Sceptical Viewpoint of Opportunities and Future Research Directions
Authors: ISRAFILZADE Khalil
Published: October 2022

Metaverse can be a difficult concept to comprehend because of its nature which includes richness and complexity. Researchers, managers, and opinion leaders anticipate that the Metaverse might actually change how customers engage with products and services. On the other hand, much technical staff and business managers are still unfamiliar with the Metaverse as a new business concept. By taking a sceptical viewpoint, the current paper may assist managers and scholars in making better decisions concerning the concept of the Metaverse in a marketing context. The paper begins by describing the metaverse notion in broad and in relation to marketing. Following this, we adopt a sceptical approach towards four critical categories: customer experiences, customer trust, customer engagement, and advertising in the Metaverse. Lastly, we propose future research directions, including defining what marketing in the Metaverse is and describing its narratives while minimising the hype and exaggerated claims surrounding it.
Staff Motivation for Green Behaviour and Environmental Initiatives
Authors: TSYMBALIUK Svitlana , VASYLYK Alla , STOLIARUK Khrystyna
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of the study is to assess the use of motivational tools to green behaviour of employees and environmental initiatives in Ukrainian organizations. The results of the survey confirmed the working hypotheses: the practice of motivating staff to green behaviour and environmental initiatives in Ukraine has not become widespread. The research showed that a half of the organizations encourage environmental initiatives. At the same time, owners and managers of organizations prefer intangible rewards of encouraging employees to green behaviour and ecological initiatives. Although intangible rewards are more common in encouraging employees to participate in environmental activities than tangible ones, the practice of using them is still mediocre. The paper focuses on the necessity of paying more attention to both tangible and intangible incentives of encouraging employees to environmental activities by owners and managers. The study provides the important recommendations for encouraging employees to engage in green activities and environmental initiatives: increasing wages, paying bonuses, providing social benefits as tangible rewards; the publication of staff contributions to sustainable development, public recognition and awards for environmental efforts, green activities, encouraging the receipt of certificates and awards as intangible rewards; promotion of employees who have competencies in green management, involving employees in goal setting and the development of indicators of the environmental activities results, green corporate culture and green leadership as efficient corporate factors.
First record of the fish kuya kuya Acanthicus hystrix Agassiz 1829 in the Lower Central Amazon of Ecuador
Authors: Guaderas Lida , Jacome Negrete Ivan , Dahua Jorge
Published: October 2022

This paper reports the first record of the fish kuya kuya Acanthycus hystrix Agassiz, 1829, in the Pinduc river of the province of Pastaza, at 230 m of elevation, in the lower central Amazon of Ecuador, based on photographic records of three specimens (two juveniles and one adult) caught in subsistence fishing activities. The main diagnostic characters of the species are the absence of an adipose fin and the presence of long caudal filaments in juveniles. We suggest to include this record in the fish species list from the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Peran Orangtua Dalam Pendampingan Persiapan Komuni Pertama Di Stasi St. Benedictus Teluk Siak Estate Paroki St. Yohanes Pembaptis Perawang
Authors: Theresia Yulinda Araujo  , Yustinus Joko Wahyu Yuniarto  , Hartutik Hartutik
Published: October 2022

The role of parent at st. Benedictus gulf of Siak Estate is less serious than entertaining the Catholic faith in paiding. preparing children for the first communion. Often children who should be able to receive communion are, in fact, unable to accept it because parents are busy with their work or the child himself is not asking the parents to take the first communion preparation. Research aims to review the practical roles of parents with children, to know inhibitors and supportive factors and to know the steps to improving parenting. Research of qualitative methods with this descriptive approach scores the data trianulation. With the respondent's parents of the first communion candidate. Data collection techniques using interviews, and documentation, and observations. Research indicates that parents perform a child's side by taking part in the first communion study, inviting children to the celebration of the Eucharist and teaching reverence before and after receiving holy communion, and actively inviting children to join spiritual activities in the church, both in the ward and at home. The barriers that parents experience are sometimes forgetting to remind children follow communion study and the difficulty of teaching children to manage time between play and learning. Supporting factors of parents have teachers and catechism and the first communion handbook and facilitate transportation. Parish priest and caretaker of gere
KEAKTIFAN OMK DALAM HIDUP MENGGEREJA DAN SUMBANGANNYA BAGI KATEKESE UMAT DI PAROKI KATEDRAL KELUARGA KUDUS BANJARMASIN DI MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Firdaus Piga Leo
Published: October 2022

Catholic youth are the heart of the Church, nation and state. The existence of a church will be determined by the young people in it. Likewise with the pastoral ministry of the Catholic Church, which requires young people to become drivers and motors to contribute talents and talents for the development of the people. Non-catechist religious teachers play an important role in proclaiming the Catholic faith through more concrete witness to life, education and teaching. The lack of involvement of young Catholics in the pastoral care of the Church is a big question that deserves to be investigated and resolved. This study focuses on young Catholics in Parish of Keluarga Kudus, Banjarmasin Cathedral. Young Catholics who are less active are also caused by many factors that must be studied one by one. This study aims to highlight the role and activity of young Catholics in the Holy Family Parish, Banjarmasin Cathedral and review their role in catechesis efforts among the people.
ATIKLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ KAPSAMINDA BİYOGAZ TESİSLERİNDE VERİ ZARFLAMA ANALİZİ İLE ETKİNLİK ÖLÇÜMÜ
Authors: ERGÜLEN Ahmet , BAŞTAN TÖKE Leyla
Published: October 2022

Toplumların kalkınma çabaları ve tüketimin sürekli artmasından dolayı bütün ekosistemin tehdit altına girmesi sebebiyle 20. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru refah seviyesini yükseltirken çevreyi korumaya yönelik olarak çeşitli yaklaşımlar dünya gündemine gelmiştir. Artan sanayileşme ile çevreyi tehdit eden bir sorun olarak atık madde miktarında da artış yaşanması, yeni yaklaşımların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olmuştur. Atıkların değerlendirilmesi kapsamında enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılması ile hem atık minimizasyonunun sağlanması hem de ekonomik ve çevresel avantajların elde edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Organik atıkların değerlendirilerek enerji ihtiyacının karşılandığı biyogaz tesislerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada tesislerin etkin olmasa dahi etkin hale getirilmesinin mümkün olduğunu göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Tesislere ait veriler Çevre Etki Değerlendirme (ÇED) raporlarından elde edilmiştir. Raporda yer almayan biyogaz üretim miktarı için Office programı kullanılmıştır. Tesislerin etkinlik durumunun yalnızca kendilerine ait sayısal girdi ve çıktı ile ortaya koymak mümkün olmadığı için çalışma kapsamında yönetsel mekanizmalara iç görünüm kazandırılması amacı içinde parametresiz bir teknik olan veri zarflama analizi kullanılmıştır. Tesislerin iki girdi ve bir çıktıdan oluşan verileri CCR ve BCC modellerine göre çözülmüştür. Analiz sonucunda altı tesis arasından iki tesisin etkin olup dört tesisin etkin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır ve etkin olmayan tesislerde girdilerin etkin kullanılabilmesi için gereken artırma veya azaltmalar hesaplanmıştır.
Development of fiber optic in vitro release testing method for dexamethasone release from the oil solutions
Authors: Kozlina Filip , Meštrović Ivan , Novak Viktor , Marjanović Nikola , Cetina-Cizmek Biserka
Published: October 2022

For many parenteral drugs, there is still no standardized method for in vitro release (IVR) testing available. This article presents the development of a new IVR method for oil solutions using a dialysis membrane and USP II apparatus coupled to a fiber optic UV-Vis spectrometer. Experiments were performed using dexamethasone formulations containing castor oil as a solvent with the addition of cosolvents, 20 % (v/v) of isopropanol or Capryol® 90. Based on solubility testing results, castor oil was chosen as the best solvent amongst other vegetable oils, while a significant increase in solubility was obtained by adding either of the two cosolvents. Partitioning experiments were performed to ensure these formulations could achieve prolonged drug release. IVR testing was performed with model formulations and critical test parameters were varied in order to examine the method’s sensitivity. The developed method was sensitive to temperature and stirring rate, while coupling the USP II apparatus with a fiber optic UV-Vis spectrometer enabled complete automation. Moreover, due to the interference of excipients on fiber optic detection of dexamethasone during the release testing, derivative spectroscopy was successfully introduced for the elimination of the interference. The developed IVR method described herein could be useful in preformulation investigations and the early development of novel formulations.
Sistematización de investigaciones en discapacidad y en la estrategia de rehabilitación basada en comunidad (rbc). bogota d.c período 2005-2010
Authors: Cruz-Velandia Israel , Fernández-Moreno Aleida , Duarte-Cuervo Clara , García-Ruiz Solángel
Published: October 2022

El artículo presenta la descripción y sistematización de las investigaciones realizadas en discapacidad y sobre la estrategia de Rehabilitación Basada en Comunidad (RBC) de la Secretaría de Salud de Bogotá D.C, en el período 2005-2010. Se elige la sistematización por ser un enfoque metodológico apropiado para el análisis de contenido de las investigaciones seleccionadas y lograr una gestión del conocimiento como se verá más adelante. El proceso se desarrolló en cuatro fases: a) definición de criterios para la selección de proyectos realizados en el período de tiempo identificado; b) definición de categorías orientadoras para conducir el análisis de contenido documental; c) socialización de resultados; d) análisis, discusiones y reflexiones. Los resultados de las investigaciones se incluyeron en una matriz de análisis que presenta además del año, autor y su afiliación institucional, las publicaciones derivadas de los proyectos, los diseños metodológicos. Esta sistematización discute los aportes y las barreras presentes en el desarrollo de procesos de investigación sobre discapacidad y RBC que facilitan o restringen el ciclo de la política pública en discapacidad en el Distrito Capital, y propone temáticas y rutas de investigación como agendas futuras. Se espera que esta sistematización y el análisis de las investigaciones contribuyan a la construcción de una Agenda de Investigaciones en el tema de Discapacidad para Colombia.
Caracterización de la compra de antibióticos en droguerías de Bogotá: una mirada desde los usuarios
Authors: Ortiz Rodríguez Sandra Patricia , Buitrago María Teresa , Eslava  Albarracín Daniel Gonzalo , Caro Ángela , Henríquez Iguarán Daibeth
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Caracterizar el proceso de compra de antibióticos con fórmula médica u odontológica o sin esta en la población participante de dieciocho localidades de Bogotá. Método: Diseño transversal aplicado durante el segundo semestre del 2009 mediante 534 encuestas a las personas que compraron antibióticos a la salida de droguerías ubicadas en dieciocho localidades de Bogotá. Se indagó sobre variables sociodemográficas, conocimientos y actitudes de los participantes sobre los antibióticos y exploración de las prácticas relacionadas con el uso de estos medicamentos, características de la compra de antibióticos y autoprescripción. Resultados: El 43,1% de los participantes compraron el antibiótico en las droguerías sin fórmula médica u odontológica y no asistieron a consulta médica. El porcentaje de autoprescripción con antibióticos fue del 13%. Un 30,2% de los antibióticos fue prescrito por un familiar (15,2%), el farmaceuta (11,4 %), un vecino (3%) y un curandero o hierbatero (0,6%). Conclusiones: En el conglomerado de las dieciocho localidades de Bogotá existe una elevada proporción de personas no facultadas para hacerlo que recomienda antibióticos a la población. Debe enfatizarse que más del 40% de las ventas de antibióticos en las droguerías en las que se hizo la evaluación se hicieron sin la respectiva y necesaria fórmula médica. La población participante tiene conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas que afectan el uso adecuado de los antibióticos y no contribuyen a la contención de la resistencia bacteriana en el Distrito Capital.
Factores asociados con mortalidad por infección respiratoria aguda en una población de niños menores de cinco años residentes en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Rodríguez Carlos Enrique , Hernández Luis Jorge , Aristizábal Ricardo , Guzmán María Claudia , Castillo Carolina , Aristizábal Gustavo , Olaya Mercedes , Pérez H. Bibiana
Published: October 2022

Introducción: Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA), principalmente la neumonía y en segundo lugar la bronquiolitis, son la causa infecciosa más frecuente de muerte en niños menores de cinco años de edad. Objetivo: Determinar el papel de potenciales factores de riesgo como predictores de mortalidad por infección respiratoria aguda. Método: Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles con 258 pacientes pediátricos menores de cinco años con enfermedad respiratoria aguda atendidos en cuatro hospitales de la zona suroriental de Bogotá. Resultados: Los hallazgos de acidosis metabólica, acidemia al momento del ingreso a la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) y el antecedente de ingreso a la UCI en los meses de marzo, abril y mayo, respecto al ingreso en los demás meses del año, fueron predictores de la mortalidad. Entre tanto, la presencia de aleteo nasal y la administración de antibióticos en la segunda consulta, mostraron reducir el riesgo de mortalidad.
Prevalencia de Listeria monocytogenes en derivados cárnicos y lácteos analizados en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá (2004-2009)
Authors: Vera Espitia Herbert Iván , L. Castañeda Sandra
Published: October 2022

Introducción: La Listeria monocytogenes es un bacilo grampositivo, aerobio o anaerobio facultativo ubicuo, aislado del intestino del hombre y de los animales mamíferos, domésticos y salvajes, pájaros, peces y crustáceos. Forma parte de las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, que actúan como vehículo para el ingreso del germen al organismo. Es una patología de baja morbilidad, pero de alta mortalidad. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Listeria monocytogenes en derivados cárnicos y lácteos para consumo directo en muestras analizadas en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá (2004-2009). Método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal de prevalencia en productos cárnicos y lácteos procesados para consumo que se elaboran y distribuyen en el Distrito Capital, muestreados con enfoque de riesgo por los grupos de ambiente de las empresas sociales del Estado en los procesos de inspección vigilancia y control. El estudio analizó todos los resultados microbiológicos practicados en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública, en los derivados cárnicos. Resultados: En los seis años de estudio se analizaron 2.763 derivados cárnicos y 3.423 muestras de derivados lácteos listos para el consumo. Se encontraron 273 positivos para Listeria monocytogenes (prevalencia del 10,6% en los seis años para los derivados cárnicos listos para el consumo). El jamón, el queso de cabeza, el lomo de cerdo, la jamonada y los cábanos fueron los alimentos con mayor porcentaje de prevalencia. En los derivados lácteos la prevalencia fue del 11,7%, en los que el queso y la crema de leche fueron de los alimentos más implicados.
Determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de la chicha en Bogotá
Authors: Hernán Beltrán Édgar , Patrícia Gómez Rocío , Mora Diana Marcela , Obando Diana Carolina
Published: October 2022

Introducción y objetivo: En el laboratorio de salud pública de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud se realizó el estudio de caracterización de la bebida fermentada denominada chicha durante el Festival de la Chicha, el Maíz y la Dicha, con objeto de evaluar sus parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos y determinar su inocuidad para la salud del consumidor. Método: Se recolectaron 49 muestras, a las que se hicieron análisis microbiológicos y fisicoquímicos. Resultados: El análisis microbiológico arrojó un 93,9% de muestras negativas para coliformes fecales; un 93,9% negativas para Bacillus cereus; un 100% negativas para salmonella, y de un 42,9% para mohos. El pH obtuvo un valor medio de 3,44 y el grado alcohólico promedio fue de 3,35%, con valor máximo de 5,2%. En ninguna de las muestras analizadas se detectaron trazas de metanol. Discusión: El punto óptimo de fermentación de la bebida se obtiene entre 15 y 20 días de desarrollo, con contenidos de etanol alrededor de 4%. Por lo tanto, la bebida no debe expenderse para consumo antes de 15 días de proceso de fermentación. Así, la bebida es inocua para el consumidor; siempre y cuando sea elaborada, almacenada y comercializada siguiendo los procedimientos adecuados para la manipulación de alimentos, utilizando materias primas de buena calidad y educación a los productores y distribuidores.
Aplicaciones del psicodrama en la psicoterapia actual
Authors: Campos Vargas David Alberto
Published: October 2022

Introducción: El psicodrama en el pasado tuvo buena acogida entre psicoterapeutas y psiquiatras clínicos, pero su uso se ha restringido, debido en parte a conceptos erróneos que los mismos clínicos tienen sobre éste (“es costoso”, “exige mucho tiempo y recursos”, “requiere un teatro para realizarse”, “no es útil en personas con trastornos psicóticos”, etc.). Objetivo: Mostrar que el psicodrama es válido, aplicable y útil en un amplio rango de situaciones clínicas, con base en la literatura existente acerca de psicodrama y sus usos clínicos, así como en una serie de casos en los que se han usado con éxito técnicas psicodramáticas en el contexto de un proceso psicoterapéutico. Métodos: Búsqueda en Pubmed de artículos relacionados con el tema, además de una revisión narrativa de textos de psicoterapia con énfasis en psicoterapia psicodramática, técnica psicoterapéutica y catarsis. Resultados: Este artículo es una revisión de las técnicas psicodramáticas y su utilidad en psicoterapia y una presentación de casos clínicos reales en los que dichas técnicas han contribuido al bienestar de los pacientes y al desarrollo del proceso psicoterapéutico. Conclusiones: El psicodrama y sus técnicas están vigentes y son útiles en varios contextos clínicos y psicoterapéuticos.
Comportamientos y factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad cardiovascular desde la infancia
Authors: Vargas Muñoz Sarha M. , Céspedes Londoño Jaime , Briceño Germán Darío
Published: October 2022

Introducción: las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), y, principalmente, la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), representan la primera causa de muerte a escala mundial; tienen sus orígenes durante la infancia y la adolescencia y se encuentran relacionadas con comportamientos y estilos de vida no adecuados. Objetivo: la presente revisión de tema ofrece conceptos actualizados sobre los diferentes comportamientos y factores de riesgo presentes desde la infancia y que llevan al desarrollo de la ECV; adicionalmente, presenta elementos de la epidemiología, planes de reducción en ECV, bases fisiológicas y recomendaciones generales para prevenir el desarrollo de ECV. Método: se hizo una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos electrónicas, entre noviembre de 2017 y enero de 2018, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct y UpToDate. Se utilizaron términos libres de búsqueda y términos MeSH; se dio prioridad de selección a aquellos relacionados con la población infantil. Se incluyeron datos nacionales obtenidos de las páginas del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y del Banco Iberoamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Discusión: para abordar adecuadamente la ECV y sus factores de riesgo, es necesario reconocer el estado actual y el grado de progreso de un país. El desarrollo de intervenciones adecuadas y costo-efectivas permitirá reducir la carga y el impacto de estas enfermedades en el presente y el futuro. Las intervenciones sociales han demostrado ser el camino hacia la promoción de la salud. Conclusiones: la educación en salud desde la infancia parece ser clave en la reducción de patologías crónicas no transmisibles.
Prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en alimentos analizados en el Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá
Authors: Castañeda Sandra Lucia , Triana Trujillo Lina María
Published: October 2022

La salmonelosis es reconocida como una de las enfermedades más frecuentes entre las transmitidas por alimentos, razón por la cual es necesario evaluar el riesgo de contraería. El reporte de investigación del Programa activo de investigación de enfermedades transmitidas a través de los alimentos (FoodNet, por sus siglas en inglés) del 2004, identifica a la Salmonella como la infección bacteriana más comúnmente reportada (42% Salmonella, 37% Campylobacter, 15% Shigella, 2,6% E. coli O157:H7 y 3,4% otros como Yersinia, Listeria y Vibrio). El Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Bogotá, según los lineamentos contenidos en el Decreto 2323 de 2006, hace parte de la Red Nacional de Laboratorios, donde se definen las funciones de inspección, vigilancia y control de los riesgos asociados a los factores del consumo. En el Laboratorio de Salud Pública se realiza análisis físico-químico y microbiológico de los alimentos según un enfoque de riesgo. Como parte de los exámenes de rutina, en el área de microbiología se llevó a cabo la investigación de Salmonella en las diferentes matrices de alimentos y a partir de los resultados obtenidos se efectuó un análisis de prevalencia de este patógeno. Para el análisis se tuvo en cuenta el total de muestras procesadas que llegaron al Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos de la Secretaría Distrital de Salud durante los años 2001 al 2004, a las cuales se les practicó análisis de Salmonella spp. en 25 g por el método oficial AOAC 967.26. Se observó una prevalencia que osciló entre el 2,8% y el 0,5% según el año analizado; los alimentos de mayor riesgo son los derivados cárnicos (chorizo), y se expone el riesgo de la contaminación cruzada.
Cooperación entre sectores una necesidad para el manejo integral de la leptospirosis
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Patricia , Gómez Ramírez Arlen Patricia , Gómez Sandra Liliana , Vargas Bustos Hernán
Published: October 2022

La leptospirosis es una zoonosis con una amplia distribución. Su agente etiológico, Leptospira, afecta a los seres humanos y a más de 160 especies animales y se encuentra en el ambiente. Esto ha llevado a que se incentive su manejo desde la intersectorialidad; por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una experiencia exitosa que evidencia la necesidad de realizar un trabajo integrado desde el diagnóstico, que permita fortalecer la vigilancia y el control de la leptospirosis. Para ello, se hace un análisis sobre la situación general del plan nacional y distrital de salud pública, la importancia de la leptospirosis como enfermedad emergente y reemergente y el panorama de los efectos que ocasiona la globalización, y se argumenta la necesidad de un enfoque multisectorial para esta zoonosis. Como resultado de la experiencia, se evidencian los logros obtenidos dentro del marco del proyecto Detección de Leptospira y distribución de serogrupos en humanos, bovinos y agua de la Sabana de Bogotá, cuyos resultados muestran la necesidad de un manejo integrado. Este acercamiento desde la integralidad permitirá el fortalecimiento de los sistemas diagnósticos para leptospirosis, al ampliar el conocimiento del agente etiológico y de la enfermedad en el contexto tropical.
Factores genéticos, clínicos y ambientales asociados al desarrollo de demencias, movimientos anormales y depresión en población de adultos mayores
Authors: Arboleda Humberto , Arboleda Gonzalo , Yunis Juan J. , Álvarez Claudia , Benítez Bruno , Castro Jaime , Belalcázar Helen , Ramírez Nelson , Granados Alexander , Villamizar Ana María , Cataño Nora , Niño Juan David , López Sandra , Fernández William , Pardo Rodrigo , Forero Diego , Gámez Adriana , Horta Marcela , Arango Magnolia , Martínez Luz Marina
Published: October 2022

ObjetivoIdentificar factores de riesgo, genéticos, clínicos y ambientales, para el desarrollo de demencias, movimientos anormales y trastornos afectivos, en población adulta mayor de tres barrios de la Localidad Cuarta de Bogotá.MetodologíaEstudio Piloto, analítico de tipo transversal, diseñado para la identificación clínica y de factores de riesgo en una muestra intencional con participación voluntaria de 250 individuos, realizado en dos etapas: primera, de tamización, con base en diagnóstico interdisciplinario (Medicina, Enfermería y Psicología); segunda, de confirmación diagnóstica por especialistas (Neurología y Psiquiatría). Diferentes instrumentos neuro-psicológicos y pruebas de genética molecular y bioquímicas fueron realizadas a los participantes.ResultadosSe estudiaron individuos de ambos sexos, con edad promedio de 68,3 años, y también algunos de sus familiares. El 65,5% de la población de estudio está afectada por alguna de las entidades valoradas, con una mayor frecuencia de los trastornos afectivos (35,0%), seguida por alteración de las funciones cognitivas (23,3%). Los estudios genéticos permitieron identificar varios polimorfismos en genes, que pueden estar influyendo en la aparición de estas enfermedades.ConclusionesEstudio poblacional interdisciplinario en una de las localidades de Bogotá, D.C, de estratos uno y dos, para identificar trastornos cognitivos, afectivos y de movimientos anormales, con instrumentos clínicos y de biología molecular, lo que permite avanzar en la caracterización de perfiles genéticos de nuestra población y sus aplicaciones en programas de Salud Pública.
Análisis de la población canina en el Distrito Capital, 2005
Authors: Vega Aragón Ricardo León , Espinosa Garzón Germán Enrique , Castillo Bejarano Leonel
Published: October 2022

Estudio realizado en Bogotá, Colombia, el primer trimestre de 2005. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con la dinámica de la población canina; igualmente, se estimó la población felina, se evaluó el impacto de las estrategias para controlar la población y actividades de prevención de la Rabia Canina. Es un estudio epidemiológico transversal, de tipo probabilística para la ciudad, se compara con un estudio similar realizado en 1999.Los resultados mostraron que la relación perro hombre se ha mantenido alrededor de 1:10, gracias al programa de recolección y esterilización; relación más estrecha en localidades donde predominan estratos bajos; la problemática de perros callejeros es grave siendo difícil generar una conciencia ciudadana con relación a la tenencia de mascotas. La tasa anual de renovación canina es cercana al 10%, lo cual obliga a realizar vacunación antirrábica de mantenimiento en forma sostenida para no romper las coberturas útiles de vacunación. En los felinos existe una relación de 1 gato por cada 50 personas.Las autoridades sanitarias deben ampliar las metas de esterilización, para bajar el crecimiento poblacional canino; y, buscar la modificación de hábitos con relación a la tenencia de mascotas, mediante actividades educativas y persuasivas.Para mejorar las acciones de prevención y control de zoonosis Se debe implementar un registro de mascotas urbanas, revisar la normatividad y generar un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológico.