bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semyon Frank: An Apotheosis of Democracy in the Name of Personal Service
Authors: Breckner Katharina
Published: March 2021

This essay introduces Semyon Lyudvigovich Frank as a philosopher who deservedly may be called a revolutionary thinker: he introduced a remarkable social ontology that foregrounds service. His oeuvre presents service as the supreme principle of personal and hence social life. The singular personality is seen as being there to creatively serve itself: his view of man focuses on the human soul as being there to bring forth creative action—to serve those who will come after, the community, society, and the Christian Churches. Service, then, is the source for freedom as a derivative principle. Consequently, and in opposition to the fundamental idea of the “Charter of Human Rights,” freedom in Frank has no absolute value, but only a functional one. It is justified by the ontological principle of service. All governmental organization is, ideally, the organization of freedom, the planned, systematic formation of free, spontaneous cooperation. Spontaneous cooperation makes up part of his concept of sobornost’, the empirical substrate of social culture. Frank would have agreed with Karl Popper’s notion of the “open society,” yet he would have certainly added that accessibility and transparency, be they spiritual or social, emanate from the principle of the universality of service. The true ontological meaning and the true source of democracy is, in his eyes, not the rule of all, but the service of all.
Roman Darowski. Philosophical Anthropology
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

Roman Darowski. Philosophical Anthropology: Outline of Fundamental Problems. Translated from Polish by Łukasz Darowski SDS. Wydawnictwo Ignatianum [Editions of Ignatianum, The Jesuit University of Cracow, Wydawnictwo WAM: Cracow, 2014.—Author’s summary

The translation of this book into English we are dealing with here is a somewhat changed and revised version of the 4th edition of Filozofia człowieka in Polish. The last section (“Human Being—an Absolute?”) has been expanded, while the “History of Philosophical Anthropology” chapter and the Anthology of Texts section have both been omitted.
Nonequilibrium characteristics in the rotational temperature of CO excited states in microwave discharge CO2 plasma
Authors: Yamada Shota , Morita Yuki , Nezu Atsushi , Akatsuka Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurements are performed on the third positive system (3PS) and Ångstrom system bands for microwave discharge CO2 plasma with its discharge pressure of 1 Torr. The molecular vibrational temperature T
v and rotational temperature T
r of CO b 3Σ+ and CO B 1Σ+ states, which are the CO electronically excited upper states of the 3PS band and of the Ångstrom band, respectively, are determined as the best fitting parameters in the theoretical calculation of the optical emission spectra for both emission bands. The general theoretical fitting procedures showed that T
v ≃ 0.15–0.24 eV and T
r ≃ 0.08–0.15 eV for the CO b 3Σ+ state based on the OES analysis of the 3PS band. Meanwhile, the general fitting of the CO Ångstrom band is difficult with a mono-rotational temperature, whereas two rotational temperatures with bulk component

T

r

bulk

and high-energy tail

T

r

tail

can fit the experimentally observed spectrum with sufficient agreement. It is found that T
v ≃ 0.3–0.4 eV,

T

r

bulk

≃
0.03
–
0.04

eV

, and

T

r

tail

≃
0.13
–
0.17

eV

for the CO B 1Σ+ state in the microwave discharge CO2 plasma. The observed nonequilibrium characteristics are discussed in terms of molecular processes in the CO2 plasma not only for the differences between CO b 3Σ+ and CO B 1Σ+ states, but also for the two-temperature characteristics in the CO B 1Σ+ state.
Impediments to the Advancement of Human Rights by the ZHRC in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chilunjika Alouis , Tapfumaneyi Nicol Tinashe , Zimano Felistas
Published: March 2021

Zimbabwe as a member of the United Nations (UN) ratified a number of human rights treaties and the establishment of the much awaited Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) which was long overdue was a generally welcome development in the human rights arena. The ZHRC is a National Human Rights Institution (NHRI) established by the Constitution of Zimbabwe (No.20) Act 2013. The Constitution mandates ZHRC to promote, protect and enforce human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined under the Bill of Rights. The operational legal framework of the ZHRC is provided for in the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission Act [Chapter 10:30]. In collecting data questionnaires, interviews and documentary review were used. Against this backdrop, the paper mainly seeks to explore and analyse the challenges faced by the Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission (ZHRC) in executing its mandate. Methodologically, the study relied extensively on available literature and reports. The study revealed that the ZHRC has been impeded by resource constraints, absence of legally binding laws, hostile political environment and lack of state compliance experiencing impediments which have affected its operation. The therefore study made some recommendations to help fortify and reinvigorate the ZHRC.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN EARLY AND INTERVAL APPENDICECTOMY FOR APPENDICULAR MASS
Authors: Laxman Janni , Reddy R S Teja , K Sivasai Krishnaprasad
Published: March 2021

Acute appendicitis remains the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgical intervention. Patients presenting late in acute appendicitis are complicated by the development of an inammatory mass in the right iliac fossa. The treatment of appendicular mass is controversial. However, 1 there are several other management options for appendicular mass. Traditionally, these patients are managed conservatively, followed by interval appendicectomy 4-6 weeks later. Advocates of the initial conservative approach claim a lower rate of complications compared to the early 2 operative approach. Objective: To study the safety and feasibility of emergency appendicectomy for appendicular mass by comparing the complications, morbidity and mortality with conservatively treated patients. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective and comparative study conducted at Gitam Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 60 patients with appendicular mass were divided into two groups of 30 each. Group I included patients who underwent emergency appendicectomy, while Group II consisted of patients who were managed conservatively. Results:In this study, patients' mean age was 27.58 yrs with a male to female ratio of 2.66:1. Intraoperative ndings in Group I - 20(70%) cases had simple mass, 8(26.66%) had adhesions and loculated pus in 2(6%). In Group II, 14(53.84%) patients had normal ndings, 4(15.38%) cases had simple mass, 6(23%) had adhesions, 1(3.84%) had loculated pus and adhesive intestinal obstruction. Postoperatively, In Group I, 3(10%) patients had wound infection, and 1(3.33%) patient developed fecal stula, which was managed conservatively. In Group II, 2(6.66) patients had wound infection, 4(13.33%) had failure of conservative treatment, four had lost follow-up, 3 had respiratory tract infection, and one patient developed intestinal obstruction due to adhesions. Mean length of hospital stay was 5.3 days in Group I and 8.5 days in Group II. Fewer complications, reduced number of days of parenteral medication, and reduced duration of total hospital stay were noted in Group I compared to Group II, indicating that emergency appendicectomy is a safe and feasible method of managing patients with appendicular mass.
Behavior of eco-efficient insulation mixtures under internal-arc-like conditions
Authors: Stoller Patrick , Doiron Charles B. , scheel saskia , Lehmann Joerg , Schwinne Michael , Xiao Ang , Owens John G.
Published: March 2021

Manuscript as submitted for peer review and publication in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science in March 2021. The paper describes the behavior of C5-fluoroketone and C4-fluoronitrile-based gas mixtures under internal-arc-like-conditions in high voltage gas insulated switchgear.
High-Precision Tracking of Periodic Signals: a Macro-Micro Approach with Quantized Feedback
Authors: Salton Aurelio , Flores Jeferson Vieira , zheng Jinchuan , Fu Minyue
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a novel control design method for high-precision positioning systems. The method aims to eliminate the tracking error caused by measurement quantization present in positioning systems with optical encoders. By employing a combined internal model based feedback and quantized feedforward design, we are able to make the output of the positioning system asymptotically track any input signal with one or more sinusoidal components of known frequencies and a possible constant component. When combined with a micro actuator, the resulting dual-stage positioning system is able to track any continuous periodic signal with a known period. Besides theoretical guarantees, the proposed design is validated experimentally and proved able to achieve asymptotic tracking error below ?1 ?m when subject to a sensor quantization level of 5 ?m.
SUBSYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF CREATION OF ELEMENTS OF ENERGY COMPLEXES
Authors: Клименко Ю.А. , Преображенский А.П.
Published: March 2021

В работе проводится рассмотрение проблем, которые возникают в ходе организации формирования энергетических комплексов. Осуществляется разработка подсистемы управления и контроля процессов создания элементов, входящих в состав энергетических комплексов.

The paper considers the problems that arise in the course of organizing the formation of energy complexes. The development of a subsystem for management and control of the processes of creating elements that are part of energy complexes is underway. Suggestions are given related to the formation of the optimization module. On its basis, a mathematical model is used, with which you can control the quality of elements.
MIXED TYPE NON-HOMOGENOUS ALTERNATIVE NETWORK MODELS
Authors: Кравец О.Я.
Published: March 2021

Данная статья посвящена практически важному вопросу моделирования смешанного детерминистско-стохастического сетевого проекта, включающего варианты как детерминистического, так и стохастического характера.

This article is dedicated to a practically important issue of simulating a mixed deterministic-stochastic network project comprising variants both deterministic and stochastic by nature.
DIGITALIZATION AS A NEW PARADIGM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of Department of Finance and Credit, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia, KOLMYKOVA T. S. , KLYKOVA S. V. ,   Postgraduate Student, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia, MAKAROV N. Yu. ,   Postgraduate Student, Southwest State University, Kursk, Russia
Published: March 2021

The article examines the substantive aspects of digitalization as a new paradigm of technical and technological development. The features that distinguish the digital economy are structured. Information, knowledge and digital data are key production factors. Digitalization is considered as a modern tool for ensuring economic growth. It leads to the emergence of positive effects: the emergence of new business models, the creation of a basis for breakthrough innovations, and ensuring competitiveness in the long term. The important role of the state in the implementation of largescale investments, which are the drivers of the development and implementation of digital technologies, was noted.
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION TOOLS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Corporate Finance and Corporate Governance Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, CHAKHKIEV G. G. , ERZYLEVA I. A. ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article examines the theoretical and legal foundations for the development of strategic public administration tools, focuses on the assessment of the periods of formation of strategic public administration, the role of scientific schools in the design of the features of strategic management as a separate discipline. In the materials of the presented publication, modern features of the functioning of the mechanism of state strategic management are determined.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND SPECIFICITY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Regional Economy, Industries and Enterprises, Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, MEDVEDEV R. V.
Published: March 2021

The author's generalization of the practice of state support for small and medium-sized businesses through legal acts, federal programs, national projects is presented. The analysis of the role of specialized funds for support of development and financing of innovations in terms of supporting innovative entrepreneurial initiatives is given. In article are summarized based on surveys and expert opinions, the main results of the development business’s system in Russia. The main problems of small business support through private initiative, accelerators and the formation of business alliances with the help of corporate venture financing are identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE PAYMENT SYSTEM USING PLASTIC CARDS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Credit, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia, RABADANOVA D. A. , MAGOMEDOVA A. M. ,   Student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia, GASANOVA A. G. ,   Student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
Published: March 2021

The article examines the state of the plastic card market, the system of non-cash payments. The analysis of the payment system with the use of plastic cards is carried out. Attention is paid to the relevance of these banking products in the modern world.
DEVELOPMENT OF NON-STATE PENSION INSURANCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Credit, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia, RYABICHEVA O. I.
Published: March 2021

The article examines non-state pension insurance in the Russian Federation at the present stage. The analysis of key indicators is carried out, ways of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the market of non-state pension services in Russia, its influence on social processes taking place in the country are considered.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CONDUCTING TAX CHECKS AND TAX DEBT IN THE BUDGET OF THE CITY OF VLADIKAVKAZ FOR 2017–2019 AS A CATALYST OF THE CONDUCTED SYSTEM OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN THE REGION
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Accounting and Taxation, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, KALOEVA A. N. , TKHAITSUKHOVA K. M. ,   Student, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, KHUGAEVA K. Yu. ,   Student, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia
Published: March 2021

The Subject of this article is the assessment and analysis of tax revenues to the budget of the city of Vladikavkaz as one of the indicators of the effectiveness of control and Supervisory activities in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the degree of effectiveness of control and supervisory measures determines the level of financial stability, on which, in turn, the openness of the state's economy depends. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the debt on taxes and fees administered by the Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service for the city of Vladikavkaz.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATION OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance and Credit, North Ossetian State University named after K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, KULUMBEKOVA T. E.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the main indicators of improving the effectiveness of control measures for the administration of customs payments, and other payments levied by customs authorities using modern digital technologies. The advantages of the transition to the payment of export customs duties and other payments for the period after the release of goods for law-abiding participants in foreign economic activity are also investigated. The results of joint control measures of customs and tax services are also shown.
OBJECTS WITH SPECIAL INNOVATIVE STATUS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Finance and Credit, Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia, POLTORYKHINA S. V.
Published: March 2021

The article examines examples of objects with a special innovative status. As examples of such objects, the following are considered: territories of advanced socio-economic development, technology parks, industrial parks, small innovative enterprises, science cities, technology transfer centers. It is concluded that it is necessary to separate the goals of innovative development into a separate group of performance indicators. In the context of the transition to a new technological order, it seems expedient to introduce the concept of a territory of a special innovative status. It is assumed that the territories of special innovation status will function as a "Regulatory Sandbox".
ECONOMIC CRIME: SOCIO—ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Reutov Viktor Yevgeniyevich , Burkaltseva Diana Dmitrievna
Published: March 2021

Of course, in any country, including Russia, the relevance of research to prevent an increase in the level of economic crime is important. Moreover, its level is an indicator of the country’s economic security. Accordingly, in the conditions of restrictions, the consequences of the pandemic associated with an increase in unemployment, a decrease in the income of the population, the factors affecting an increase in this indicator — the level of crime in the economic sphere — are increasing.
The article provides a forecast of socio-economic indicators: the development of the social sphere, the level and quality of life. The decomposition of institutionalization of preventive measures aimed at counteracting the commission of economic crime is built. A portrait of a criminal in cybercrime conditions is highlighted and the dynamics of registered crimes is considered.
At the same time, in the institutional structure of the decomposition of preventive measures aimed at counteracting the commission of economic crime, a component of socio-economic conditions is highlighted, contributing to the increase in the commission or reduction of this type of economic crime.
ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors: Mashyanova Elena Evgenevna , Smirnova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2021

In conditions of instability and inconsistency of socio-economic processes of territorial development, the main task of scientific research and practical actions is to form the financial security of regions. Each territory must adapt to the complex conditions of political and socio-economic instability and solve complex problems that pose threats to their development. Indicators of socio-economic development of each region are characterized by the quality of life of the population, the level of satisfaction of needs and conditions for the development of human potential. Currently, it is important to analyze and evaluate indicators that characterize social and economic well-being in the Republic of Crimea, as well as their comparison with indicators of other subjects of the Russian Federation. The paper assesses the level of socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea, taking into account financial security. The main indicators, the rating of the socio-economic situation and the rating on the quality of life of the southern Federal district, as well as the share of subjects in the total turnover of organizations and the volume of investment in fixed assets by regions of the southern Federal district are presented. The indicators of socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea that ensure the financial security of the region are determined. The article analyzes the macroeconomic trends of the Republic of Crimea. It is determined that in order to improve the socio-economic development and financial security of the Republic of Crimea, it is necessary to develop effective investment programs that will attract additional capital to meet the needs of the region in its social and economic development.
FACTORS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGING PORTFOLIO PENSION RESERVES OF NON-STATE PENSION FUNDS
Authors: Ogorelkova Natalya Vladimirovna , Reutova Irina Mikhaylovna
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of approaches and assessment of the efficiency of management of investment portfolios of non-state pension funds. This article is a logical continuation of the previously conducted research on assessing the effectiveness of pension savings management and contains an analysis of the effectiveness of the second component of investment portfolios of non-state pension funds (NPF) — pension reserves. The article examines the factors influencing the efficiency of managing the portfolios of pension reserves of non-state pension funds on the basis of statistical data on 28 NPFs for 2013–2018. The factors chosen were the volumes and growth rates of the funds attracted from pension reserves, the share of pension reserves in the economies of scale of non-state pension funds, the presence of risk strategies (the share of shares and investment units), and the amount of remuneration of management companies.
The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the selected factors on the efficiency of managing the portfolio of pension reserves of NPFs based on the construction of econometric models.
The construction of one-factor and multi-factor econometric models confirms the absence of dependence of the effectiveness of portfolios of pension reserves of APFs, determined by the Sharpe ratio, on the size of attracted pension reserves per one insured person; from the share occupied by NPFs in the non-state pension market, as well as from remuneration to management companies paid by non-state pension funds. The influence of the chosen investment strategy and the growth rate of pension reserves on the efficiency of managing pension reserves of NPFs is revealed.
PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESSES LENDING IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sivash Olga
Published: March 2021

The development of small business in the Russian Federation is a very important urgent problem, as it will make it possible to solve many important social programs in the country. However, in terms of the scale of development of this sector, Russia lags far behind the leading foreign countries. In the Russian Federation, since 2015, there has been a negative trend in the volume of lending to SMEs. Only in 2018, the volume of loans to SMEs stabilized, and at the beginning of 2019, an increase in the volume of the loan portfolio of SMEs by 1 % is already noted.
In modern economic conditions, the main source of financial resources for small businesses, from the point of view of their availability and opportunities for obtaining, is lending. The article examines the development trends of lending to such an important segment of economic activity as small business. Supporting small businesses in the Russian Federation is one of the priority tasks of the country’s socio-economic development. In all regions of the country, a network of government agencies has been created that provide information support to existing and emerging entrepreneurs (Entrepreneurship Support Centers based on the My Business platform), many seminars and forums dedicated to the development of entrepreneurship are held. Within the framework of this interaction, entrepreneurs can receive free of charge not only consulting services, but also assistance in developing a business plan, creating a corporate identity, developing and modernizing websites, conducting marketing research, and drawing up statutory documents. The activities within the framework of state support for small businesses in accordance with the State Program are highlighted and the importance of effective implementation of these activities for the development of small business lending is analyzed.
The problems of lending to small businesses in the Russian Federation, obstacles that arise both from banks when they either cannot offer attractive lending programs, or refuse borrowers to provide a loan, and from entrepreneurs who refuse such a source of financing for small businesses, are considered. like lending. Measures are proposed to create favorable conditions for lending to small businesses, which are focused on supporting specific borrowers and those that are focused on supporting commercial banks and the banking system as a whole. The strategic guidelines of a commercial bank for the development of small business lending have been determined.
Role of Statues in the Artistic Commemoration of African Political Leaders: Analysis of 20 Selected National Statues in African Countries
Authors: Wango Kamau
Published: March 2021

Artistic commemoration of leaders and other iconic personalities has been in existence for centuries. Statues in particular have been used as a fitting avenue for the commemoration of political leaders and other luminaries in many fields. The premise upon which statues are made is that the subjects featured initiated and attained, in their lifetimes, concrete achievements that significantly impacted upon the lives of their fellow human beings. Other criteria for commemoration include proven integrity, dedication and selflessness in the service of the country and citizens. Statues as an integral part of public art have often generated substantial controversy on various fronts in many countries. Some of these gravitate around issues such as disputed likeness, queries about the fundamental achievements cited of the subject, at times open protests on the actions, character and integrity of the subject as well as the location of the statues. Other areas of contention include the implication of the presence of statues upon the political psyche of the country and their long-time impact on history, the youth and posterity. This paper examines the extent to which African countries have embraced this mode of artistic rendition to commemorate African political leaders in a way that is commensurate to their achievements. It is outside the scope of this paper to delve into the intricate web of back-and-forth arguments about the ‘concreteness’ of the legacies of the featured leaders who are mainly founding political figures of the respective countries. The paper, however, analyses the artistic essence of the selected statues in terms of their visual impact and whether they are indeed useful in articulating the legacies of the subjects and further, whether they ultimately bear ‘enduring visual value’ that spurs conversation and insight into these legacies. Statues must, at the very least, spur debate and conversation into the legacy of the featured subject. It becomes a form of constant interrogation as history itself takes its course; controversy is not necessarily a negative occurrence since it forms part of this discourse. The concept of immortalization, which is what initiators of statues often hope for is much harder to achieve and difficult to define. The paper examines 20 statues of African political leaders in different African Countries.
Ansatz zur Erfassung der Porenwasserdruckakkumulation bei Offshore-Monopilegründungen/A Method for predicting the accumulation of excess pore pressures at offshore monopile foundations
Authors: Wiesener Simon , Schädlich Bert , Richter Thomas , Kirsch Fabian
Published: March 2021

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Verfahren zur Prognose der Akkumulation von Porenwasserdruck und Schubverzerrungen bei zyklisch-lateral belasteten Monopiles vorgestellt. Der zyklische Belastungsvorgang wird dabei in Teilschritte zerlegt, die nacheinander untersucht werden. Der zu untersuchende Bodenbereich wird in diskrete Cluster aufgeteilt, in denen die Zustandsgrößen (Spannungen und Schubverzerrungen) als jeweils konstant angenommen werden. Anhand von labortechnisch bestimmten Interaktionsdiagrammen können Prognosewerte für den undränierten Porenwasserdruck sowie für die plastischen Schubverzerrungen bestimmt werden. In einer den Belastungsteilschritten nachfolgenden, numerischen Konsolidationsberechnung wird der Abbau durch Konsolidation und damit der verbleibende (dränierte) Porenwasserdruck ermittelt. Die bodenmechanischen Auswirkungen der akkumulierten Porenwasserdrücke sowie der Schubverzerrungen werden im vorgestellten Verfahren bei Annahme eines idealelastisch-idealplastischen Materialverhaltens durch eine Anpassung der elastischen Ersatzparameter G und K erfasst und können abschließend im Hinblick auf die Standsicherheit durch eine Phi-C-Reduktion bewertet werden. Exemplarisch wird die Anwendung des Verfahrens bei der geotechnischen Bemessung einer Monopiles-Gründung von Offshore-Windenergieanlagen dargestellt. Dabei wird die Standsicherheit während des 35-BSH-Sturmes auch unter Berücksichtigung von akkumulierten Porenwasserüberdrücken rechnerisch belegt.
Vermeidung von Haftverbundschäden von Fliesenbelägen auf schwindendem Beton/Avoiding adhesive bond failure of tilings on shrinking concrete
Authors: Urban Frowin , Schäper Michael , Henrich Jochen
Published: March 2021

In Neubauten platzen immer wieder direkt auf den Betonuntergrund aufgeklebte Fliesen in Schwimmbädern, Gewerbebauten und an Innenwänden infolge des Schwindens des Betonuntergrundes ab. Dieses Schwinden, mit dem EC 2 gegenüber der abgelösten DIN deutlich angewachsen, vollzieht sich über circa drei Jahre. Die vorgestellten Laborversuche, in geometrischem und zeitlichem Raffer, helfen, die Abplatzungen zu vermeiden:

 

Betreffend der richtigen Wahl von Verlege Mörtel und Belagsfugenanordnung gilt, dass Fliesenbeläge auf Beton mit starrem Verlege Mörtel ohne Bewegungsfugen preiswert sind. Aber sie benötigen, besonders im Bodenbereich bei entsprechend großen Abmessungen, eine sorgfältige rundum-Scheibeneinspannung; ferner sind sie am Boden, langzeitig unter Druck stehend, riskant bezüglich der Auslösung eines Ausknickens durch punktuelle vertikale Auflasten. Die gerade am Boden weitaus häufigeren Fliesenbeläge mit Bewegungsfugen bedürfen elastischer Verlegematerialien in möglichst zweischichtigem Aufbau. Die Versuche bestätigten, dass hierfür häufig mineralische Dispersionskleber in ausreichendem Maß geeignet sind.
Erdbebenantwortspektren einer weichen Bodenschicht auf einem Halbraum/Earthquake response spectra of a soft soil layer underlain by a halfspace
Authors: Werkle Horst
Published: March 2021

Weiche Bodenschichten, wie sie beispielsweise als Tonschichten über steifen Sedimentböden auftreten, beeinflussen die Form eines horizontalen Erdbeben-Antwortspektrums aufgrund von resonanzartigen Effekten der einfallenden SH-Wellen erheblich. Daher werden etwa im EC 8 (deutsches NAD) für weiche Böden mit Scherwellengeschwindigkeiten unter 150 m/s besondere Untersuchungen gefordert. Auf der Grundlage einer intensiven Parameterstudie wurden für das Modell einer homogenen viskoelastischen Bodenschicht auf einem homogenen viskoelastischen Halbraum Gleichungen zur Beschreibung des zugehörigen horizontalen Beschleunigungsantwortspektrums entwickelt. An der Oberfläche des Halbraums wurde ein Antwortspektrum nach EC 8, Boden-/Untergrundklasse C-S angenommen. Die mit den Gleichungen erhaltenen Antwortspektren stimmen mit den nach der Theorie für eindimensionale Scherwellen erhaltenen Ergebnissen gut überein. Sie können unmittelbar zur Ermittlung der Erdbebenbeanspruchungen von Gebäuden auf einer weichen Bodenschicht nach EC 8 verwendet werden.
Entwicklung einer modularen Systembauweise zur Realisierung von Parkhäusern aus Holz/Development of a modular construction system for the realisation of parking decks from timber
Authors: Winter Stefan , Glaser Peter
Published: March 2021

Parkhäuser ermöglichen ein platzsparendes Abstellen einer Vielzahl von Kraftfahrzeugen. Sie sind daher nach wie vor ein wichtiges Element gerade in der beengten städtebaulichen Entwicklung. Kombiniert mit einem gesellschaftlich sensibilisierten Verhältnis bezüglich Nachhaltigkeit, befasste sich eine Machbarkeitsstudie sowie ein Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt an der Technischen Universität München mit der Verwendung von Holz für die Tragkonstruktion von Parkhäusern. Im Entwicklungsauftrag wurde unter Berücksichtigung von Anforderungen an Tragfähig- und Gebrauchstauglichkeit, des Brandschutzes, der Dauerhaftigkeit wie auch der Wirtschaftlichkeit ein modulares Baukastensystem als hybride Konstruktion für einen flexiblen Einsatz in unterschiedlichen Typen von Parkhäusern konzipiert. Die Besonderheiten dieses Projektes werden in folgendem Artikel beschrieben.
Das neue Werkvertragsrecht Teil 2: Normierung eines Architekten- und Ingenieurvertragsrechts sowie weitere Neuerungen
Authors: Puschmann Carsten , Mellwig Sebastian , Mattern David
Published: March 2021

Derzeit steht eine umfassende Reform des im BGB geregelten Werkvertragsrechts bevor. Die Reform basiert auf einem Referentenentwurf des Bundesjustizministeriums [1], auf dessen Grundlage von der Bundesregierung ein Gesetzesentwurf [2] erarbeitet wurde. Der Gesetzentwurf ist bereits in den Bundestag eingebracht; derzeit läuft das parlamentarische Gesetzgebungsverfahren. Aufbauend auf dem Beitrag in der Mai-Ausgabe dieser Zeitschrift [3] werden mit dem vorliegenden Artikel die praxisrelevanten Auswirkungen des Gesetzesentwurfes der Bundesregierung (gekennzeichnet als BGB-E) auf Architekten- und Ingenieurverträge, Verbraucherbau- und Bauträgerverträge beleuchtet sowie für die Baupraxis relevante Modifikationen des kaufrechtlichen Gewährleistungsrechts dargestellt.
Das Eisenbahn-Bundesamt (EBA) im Expertennetzwerk des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI)
Authors: Roll Eckhard , Boehmer Ariane , Holtkämper Meike , Herrmann Carina , Reinhardt Markus
Published: March 2021

Das BMVI-Expertennetzwerk wurde gebildet, um die Zusammenarbeit der Behörden des BMVI für die Verkehrsträger Straße, Schiene und Wasserstraße zu stärken. Dabei soll der Wissensstand geteilt und neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden. Zielstellung ist die Infrastruktur in Deutschland leistungsfähig zu halten, auf künftige Herausforderungen wie den Klimawandel vorzubereiten und negative Einflüsse auf die Umwelt zu reduzieren. Das EBA tritt dabei mit einem neuen Referat für Umwelt und Forschung auch als Ressortforschungseinrichtung auf, das eigene Projekte bearbeitet und an Forschungsinstitutionen vergibt.
Einfluss räumlich variabler Standortbedingungen auf die nicht-lineare dynamische Antwort von Brückenbauwerken unter Erdbebenanregung
Authors: Savidis Stavros , Dineva Petia , Wuttke Frank , Fontara Ioanna-Kleoniki
Published: March 2021

Die vorliegende Publikation zeigt die Möglichkeiten einer neu entwickelten 2D-Randelementemethode in der Analyse des Einflusses der räumlich variablen Standortbedingungen auf die dynamische Antwort einer bewehrten Betonbrücke unter Berücksichtigung der Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion. Übliche geologische Standortprofile weisen eine hohe Komplexität hinsichtlich der Oberflächentopographie, der heterogenen Schichtung und der tiefenabhängig, unregelmäßig zunehmenden Bodensteifigkeit auf. Diese Einflüsse werden in der vorliegenden Publikation mit einer neuartigen Randelementemethodik analysiert. Die Kopplung des Brückenbauwerkes mit dem vorhandenen heterogenen geologischen Untergrund und der Oberflächentopograhie erfolgt durch äquivalent dynamische Impedanzfunktionen, als komplexe Federgrößen, ermittelt mithilfe der Randelementesimulation. In einer FE-Modellierung erfolgte die Simulation des Brückenbauwerks, gekoppelt zu den Impedanzfunktionen. Die numerischen Analysen zeigen deutlich die räumlichen Einflüsse der Oberflächentopographie, der unregelmäßigen Verstärkung und Wellenfeldänderungen infolge der heterogenen und geschichteten Untergrundmodellierung als auch der seismischen Quellausbildung auf das dynamische Verhalten der Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion und auf die nichtlineare Strukturantwort der Brückenbauwerke.
Eisenbahnüberführung Ottendorfer Viadukt – Brückenneubau innerhalb einer Sperrpause von vier Monaten/Railroad bridge „Ottendorfer Viadukt“ – Bridge replacement within four months
Authors: Teich Stephan , Bösche Thomas , Otto Jens
Published: March 2021

Der Ersatzneubau des Ottendorfer Viadukts auf der Bahnstrecke Riesa–Chemnitz stellt hinsichtlich dessen Einbindung in die örtliche Umgebung, der kurzen Bauzeit und der gewählten Bautechnologie eine Besonderheit im Eisenbahnbrückenbau dar. Ebenso gilt das zu Grunde liegende statische System, ein rahmenversteiftes Bogentragwerk mit einer Gesamtlänge von circa 91 m und einer Bogenstützweite von circa 75 m, als Novum im Brückenbau der Deutschen Bahn. Nachfolgend wird das Projekt vorgestellt, Schwerpunkte liegen auf den Grundlagen des Entwurfes, Besonderheiten der konstruktiven Durchbildung sowie der baubetrieblichen Umsetzung innerhalb einer viermonatigen Sperrpause.
Einheitliches Querkraftmodell für Stahl- und Spannbetonbrücken – erweiterte Grundlagen/Uniform Shear Design Method for Existing Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Bridges – Extended Background
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Classen Martin , Stark Alexander , Kueres Dominik
Published: March 2021

Während das Biegetragverhalten von Stahl- und Spannbetonbauteilen als gelöst angesehen wird, ist das Querkrafttragverhalten schubschlanker Bauteile nicht abschließend geklärt. Vor allem für die Beurteilung von Bestandsbauwerken sind aber Querkraftmodelle notwendig, die möglichst einfach anwendbar sind und dennoch ausreichend genaue und damit wirtschaftliche Vorhersagen der Tragfähigkeit erlauben. Ein einheitliches Querkraftmodell mit Betontraganteil für Stahl- und Spannbetonbauteile ermöglicht bei der Bemessung einen stetigen Übergang zwischen Bauteilen ohne und mit Querkraftbewehrung, wenn deren Betontraganteile für asw = 0 identisch sind. Der Vergleich mit den ACI-DAfStb-Querkraftdatenbanken belegt, dass ein solches Modell für Bauteile mit Querkraftbewehrung zu deutlich geringeren Streuungen und gleichzeitig einem höheren Sicherheitsniveau im Vergleich zum aktuellen EC2 führt. Insbesondere für Bauteile mit geringen Querkraftbewehrungsgraden ergeben sich hierdurch höhere rechnerische Tragfähigkeiten, was zum Beispiel für die Nachrechnung von Bestandsbauwerken wie Brücken von Vorteil ist. In diesem Beitrag werden die Hintergründe für einen konsistenten Übergang von einen Fachwerkmodell mit Betontraganteil zu einem Fachwerkmodell mit variabler Druckstrebenneigung erläutert.
Finite-Elemente-Simulation der Reifen-Fahrbahn-Interaktion/Finite element simulation of the tire-pavement-interaction
Authors: Kaliske Michael , Hartung Felix , Wollny Ines
Published: March 2021

Die Entwicklung dauerhafter Fahrbahnkonstruktionen erfordert die Kenntnis der Beanspruchungszustände in der geschichteten Fahrbahnstruktur infolge der darüber rollenden Reifen, wobei die Beanspruchungszustände einerseits vom Fahrbahnaufbau selbst, vom vorherrschenden Temperaturzustand und von der Art der Einwirkung (Reifenlast, Geschwindigkeit, Reifentyp etc.) abhängen. Die Kontaktspannungsverteilung in der Reifenaufstandsfläche hängt zusätzlich von den Reibeigenschaften zwischen Reifengummi und rauer Fahrbahnoberfläche ab. Im Beitrag wird ein gekoppeltes Finite Elemente (FE) Modell der Reifen-Fahrbahn-Interaktion vorgestellt, das eine realitätsnahe Abbildung der genannten Einflüsse ermöglicht. Es besteht aus einem thermomechanischen FE-Modell der geschichteten Fahrbahn und einem thermomechanischen FE-Reifenmodell, die über eine Programmschnittstelle sequenziell gekoppelt sind. Die angewendete relativkinematische (Arbitrary Langrangian Eulerian (ALE)) Formulierung der Fahrbahn und des Reifens ermöglicht eine numerisch effiziente Beschreibung des stationär rollenden Reifens auf der Fahrbahn. Die Erfassung der Reibeigenschaften von Gummi auf der rauen Fahrbahnoberfläche erfolgt numerisch über eine mehrskalige Reibhomogenisierungsprozedur. Anhand von Beispielen wird das Potenzial des Reifen-Fahrbahn-Interaktionsmodells für Strukturuntersuchungen aufgezeigt.
Stabilitätsnachweis für seismisch beanspruchte Tankbauwerke nach dem LBA/MNA-Konzept/Stability proof of seismically loaded tank structures according to the LBA/MNA-approach
Authors: Rosin Julia , Butenweg Christoph , Klinkel Sven
Published: March 2021

Eine seismische Anregung verursacht in einem Flüssigkeitstank einen kombinierten Spannungszustand, was zu einem Stabilitätsversagen der häufig sehr dünnwandigen Konstruktionen führen kann. Für die Durchführung von Stabilitätsnachweisen stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verfügung. Üblicherweise werden aus Gründen der Einfachheit spannungsbasierte Verfahren angewendet. Diese sind für Einheitslastfälle experimentell abgesichert, wobei eine Übertragung auf kombinierte Spannungszustände wie im Erdbebenfall nur begrenzt möglich ist. Alternativ kann ein globales, numerisches Konzept, das LBA/MNA-Verfahren, angewendet werden. Das Verfahren kombiniert eine materiell nichtlineare Berechnung (MNA) mit einer linearen Beulanalyse (LBA) und erfasst die Interaktion verschiedener gleichzeitig auftretender Beanspruchungen implizit im Nachweis. Dieser Beitrag demonstriert die Anwendung der Verfahren am Beispiel verschiedener Tankgeometrien mit Höhe/Radius-Verhältnissen zwischen 1 ≤ H/R ≤ 2 und Radius/Tankwand-Verhältnissen zwischen 500 ≤ R/t ≤ 1000 und diskutiert zusätzlich die Defizite der spannungsbasierten Nachweisverfahren.
Supraleiter in Windkraftanlagen
Authors: Betz Julian Carlos
Published: March 2021

Generatoren von Windkraftanlagen können dank supraleitender Stahldrähte kompakter und effizienter werden. Für die benötigten tiefen Temperaturen braucht es eine spezielle Kühlung. Ein Verbund aus Firmen und Forschungseinrichtungen hat dies hinbekommen.
Erdwärme intelligent steuern
Authors: Huemer Peter
Published: March 2021

Als weltweit erster Hersteller stattet eine österreichische Firma ihre Luft- und Erdwärmepumpen mit einem integrierten Energiemanagementsystem aus. Dieses steuert und regelt sämtliche Erzeuger und Verbraucher und kann Eigenverbrauch und Autarkie erhöhen. Batteriespeicher, Fotovoltaikanlagen und Ladestationen für Elektrofahrzeuge können hinzugenommen werden.
Recyclingregion Harz
Authors: Schöps Dirk
Published: March 2021

Im und um den Harz herum fühlt sich die Recyclingbranche umgeben von Forschungs- instituten wohl. Deren Kooperationen ermöglichen Verbundprojekte, die aus Mitteln der EU, des Bundes oder der Länder mitfinanziert werden.
Forum für neue Recyclingideen
Authors: Tietze Carmen
Published: March 2021

Ende April treffen sich Fachleute aus der Recyclingregion Harz auf einer virtuellen Messe, um sich auszutauschen und Geschäfte zu machen. Interessierte aus anderen Gegenden sind eingeladen teilzunehmen.
Psychological Aspects Of Human Health And The Power Of Love
Authors:   Candidate Of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Psychology And Humanities Department Jizzakh Branch Of M. Ulugbek National University Of Uzbekistan, Murotmusaev К. B. , Dzhelyalov М. Z. ,   Head Of Department Joint Educational Programme Unit Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute Named After A. Kadiri, Uzbekistan, Boltaeva М. J. ,   Assistant, Department Of Psychology And Humanities Jizzakh Branch Of The National University Of Uzbekistan Named After M. Ulugbek
Published: March 2021

The treatment of this theme is demonstrated by addressing the complex theoretical issues of love and health. And a clear definition on human moral character from the point of view of love in all spheres of human interrelationship is given. The article thoroughly analyses the relevance of adhering to the rules of leading a healthy lifestyle through the eyes of a specialist in medicine and psychology. The sayings of the classics and philosophers of ancient times are professionally quoted.
Efficient Use Of Collector-Drainage Networks (On The Example Of Bukhara Region)
Authors:   Lecturers Of Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan, Hayitov Yozil Kasimovich , Toshbekov Nurbek Ahmadovich ,   Lecturers Of Bukhara State University, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The article presents opinions and comments on the use of collector-drainage networks and water sources in Bukhara region. Their hydromorphological data on the main collectors located in the region are also given. The changes in the flow and mineralization rate of collector-drainage networks were studied. Suggestions and recommendations were also provided in order to increase the efficiency of secondary use of some types of agricultural crops as an additional source of water from the collector-drainage water in Bukhara region.
The Ways To Overcome Food Security Problems In Uzbekistan
Authors:   Candidate Of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department Of Fundamental Economics, Tashkent State University Of Economics, Uzbekistan, Topildiev Sohibjon Rakhimjonovich
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes further ensuring the country's food security and the impact of the Cornovirus pandemic that shock the whole world on the economy of not only Uzbekistan but also developed countries.
Optimization Of Plant Development In Case Of Soil Salinization
Authors:   Doctor Of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Department Of Soil Science, Geology And Landscape Science Rsau-Moscow Agricultural Academy Named After K.A. Timiryazeva, Uzbekistan, Savich Vitaly Igorevich , Artikova Hafiza Tuymurodovna ,   Candidate Of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor Department Of Soil Science, Bukhara State University (Uzbekistan), Nafetdinov Shavkatullo Shukurovich ,   Candidate Of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor Department Of Soil Science, Bukhara State University (Uzbekistan), Salimova Khilola Hamroevna ,   Lecturer Department Of Soil Science, Bukhara State University (Uzbekistan)
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the improvement of the development of biotests in saline soils with the addition of zeolite, phosphogypsum, organic fertilizers. The development of biotests on seawater with a concentration of 1-10 g / l improved when humates, KNO3, and water extracts from crop residues were added to the water. A decrease in the salinity of the upper soil layer is shown when an interlayer with large pores from high moor peat is created at a depth of 25 cm.
Influence Of New Types Of Horizontal Ditches On The Growth, Development And Yield Of Winter Wheat In Saline And Groundwater Surface Soils
Authors:   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Izbаsarov B.E. , Norkulov U. ,   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Tukhtashev B. ,   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan, Hikmatov Sh. ,   Tashkent State Agrarian University, Uzbekistan
Published: March 2021

The average salinity of Jizzakh region in the vicinity of groundwater (1.5 m) under the influence of a newly built closed bed ditch, winter wheat is irrigated 3 times during the season, the current irrigation rate is 823-933 m3 / ha. The norm of seasonal irrigation was 2586 m3 / ha, and the grain yield of winter wheat was obtained depending on the experimental areas, ie the area of the new construction (experimental variant) and the old type of irrigated area (control). At the same time, the average grain yield in the experimental field was 43.2 t / ha, and in the control field - 40.1 t / ha.
Change Of Hive Temperature And Air Humidity In Uzbekistan Conditions During Wintering Of Bees Of Local Population
Authors:   PhD Student Of Research Institute Of Animal Husbandry And Poultry Production Of Uzbekistan, Zokirovich Eshdavlatov Orif
Published: March 2021

Information on fluctuations in hive temperature and humidity during bee winter in Tashkent region and feed consumption during winter. Studying all this is very important for the bees to survive and survive the winter.