ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UPPER CROSS SYNDROME AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DYSFUNCTION.
Authors: Erum Ghaffar  , Umme Sadia  , Rubat Riaz  , Fatima  Mazhar  , Rimsha Tariq  , Lubna Amjad  , Muhammad Usman  , Aneeqa Aqdas  , Mubashira Ibrahim  , Uzma Irshad  
Published: September 2024

Abstract- Background
Numerous muscles are involved in both UCS and TMD, creating a network of structures that impact jaw biomechanics, neck posture, and overall musculoskeletal function. Muscles like upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, and temporalis muscles play a critical role in both UCS and TMD, leading to change in biomechanics and muscular dysfunction in affected individuals.
Objective:  To investigate the association between upper cross syndrome and temporomandibular dysfunction.
Methodology:
 A total of 36 players, 21 male and 15 female who play online games were selected. Divided into two groups on the basis of pain at the head, face, jaw,and neck region while palpation: group A- no pain at head, face, jaw, and neck region while palpation: group B- head, face, jaw and neck is painful while palpation. Sample size is taken from different online game play-stations. Age group of 16 years to 45 years was included. A correlation study design was conducted through non probability convenient sampling. Data was collected through questionnaire. Pain was measure through palpation. Craniovertebral angle was measure through goniometer. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results: Moderate association was found between upper cross syndrome and temporomandibular dysfunction. Pain was strong variable and craniovertebral angle in also shows a strong significance in both groups.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is moderately related to upper cross syndrome. We found a moderate positive relationship between mandibular function impairment, trapezius, pectoralis with pain.
 Keywords: Upper cross syndrome, temporomandibular dysfunction, forward head posture, goniometer, neck pain.
Abstract- Background
Numerous muscles are involved in both UCS and TMD, creating a network of structures that impact jaw biomechanics, neck posture, and overall musculoskeletal function. Muscles like upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, and temporalis muscles play a critical role in both UCS and TMD, leading to change in biomechanics and muscular dysfunction in affected individuals.
Objective:  To investigate the association between upper cross syndrome and temporomandibular dysfunction.
Methodology:
 A total of 36 players, 21 male and 15 female who play online games were selected. Divided into two groups on the basis of pain at the head, face, jaw,and neck region while palpation: group A- no pain at head, face, jaw, and neck region while palpation: group B- head, face, jaw and neck is painful while palpation. Sample size is taken from different online game play-stations. Age group of 16 years to 45 years was included. A correlation study design was conducted through non probability convenient sampling. Data was collected through questionnaire. Pain was measure through palpation. Craniovertebral angle was measure through goniometer. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS Statistics 25.
Results: Moderate association was found between upper cross syndrome and temporomandibular dysfunction. Pain was strong variable and craniovertebral angle in also shows a strong significance in both groups.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is moderately related to upper cross syndrome. We found a moderate positive relationship between mandibular function impairment, trapezius, pectoralis with pain.
 Keywords: Upper cross syndrome, temporomandibular dysfunction, forward head posture, goniometer, neck pain.