bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATUS HUKUM KONTRAKTOR PRIVATE MILITARY AND PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES DALAM HUKUM HUMANITER INTERNASIONAL
Authors: - Sefriani
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Post- cold war the number ofmilitary privatization has been raising with many role in .This raises legal problemrelated to the legal status of PMSCs contractors. The method used is a normative legal research with statute approach, the historical approach, conceptual approach, as well as the comparative approach. Results of the study are presented in the form of descriptive analysis. The study concluded that generally the contractors are civilian unless and during they aredirectlyparticipatein thehostilities.

Key world: PMSCs contractor; legal status; direct participation

Abstrak

Pasca perang dingin terjadi peningkatan privatisasi militer dengan banyaknya penggunaan kontraktor Private Military and Securites Companies PMSCs untuk berbagai peran di wilayah-wilayah konflik. Hal ini menimbulkan masalah hukum terkait status hukum kontraktor tersebut mengingat belum jelasnya aturan yang ada.Metode penelitianyang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan statute approach, historical, conceptual dan comparative approach yang disajikan secara deskriptif analitis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa secara umum dikatakan kontraktor PMSc adalah civilian yang berhak atas perlindungan dari penyerangan langsung kecuali dan selama mereka ambil bagian langsung dalam permusuhan..

Kata kunci: kontraktor PMSCs, status hukum, partisipasi langsung
REFORMASI BIROKRASI PERPAJAKAN SEBAGAI USAHA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN NEGARA DARI SEKTOR PAJAK
Authors: - Pranoto , Kusumo Ayub Torry Satriyo
Published: April 2017

Abstract

of the Community Compliance of Paying Taxes. Taxes, based on Act no. 28 Year 2007 are compulsory contributions to the State which are indebted by individual or organization body, obliged based on Act, without any direct compensation, and spent by the state for the most prosperity of the community. There are a lot of the tax functions, such as infrastructure maintenance and education management. Thus, the augmentation of awareness in paying taxes can be done through the formal education. This research was an empirical research, using the primary and secondary data. The result showed that the State revenue can be increased from the taxes as one of it means. To be more effective, a bureaucratic reform on and contact center are made available. There is also a need to improve the awareness and willingness to pay taxes from the very beginning. It is proposed to elaborate the material of taxation in formal education curriculum to inculcate the awareness of paying taxes from the early stage.

Keywords: Harmonization of tax regulations, The increase state revenue from taxes, Awareness for paying taxes, material on taxation in formal education.

 

Abstrak

Perhatian utama dari artikel ini adalah , Pertama , menggambarkan modernisasi pajak ; dan Kedua, membangun model Kepatuhan Komunitas Membayar Pajak . Pajak , berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2007 adalah pungutan wajib kepada negara yang terhutang oleh individu atau organisasi badan hukum , wajib berdasarkan Undang-Undang , tanpa kompensasi langsung , dan menghabiskan oleh negara untuk sebagian besar kesejahteraan masyarakat . Ada banyak fungsi pajak , seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur dan operasi pendidikan . Dengan demikian , augmentasi kesadaran dalam membayar pajak dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan formal. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris , dengan menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini bahwa praktik modernisasi dan reformasi di bidang perpajakan. Hal ini didukung dengan pembangunan kurikulum yang meliputi soal perpajakan untuk pendidikan dasar dan menengah . Realisasi kesadaran untuk membayar pajak adalah tugas kolektif dari pemerintah , masyarakat , serta pemangku kepentingan terkait.

Kata Kunci: Harmonisasi Aturan Perpajakan, Kepedulian Membayar Pajak, Pendidikan formal
AN OVERVIEW ON THE ABUSE OF POWER IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CORRUPTION LAW AND GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION LAW IN INDONESIA BASED ON THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM AND THE STATE ADMINISTRATION OF THE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Gumbir Seno Wibowo , Nurhayati Ratna
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The abuse of power in Indonesia has been  regulated in the realm of administrative law at the Law Number 30 Year 2014 on Government Administrationand Law Number 31 Year 1999 jo Law Number  20 Year 2001 on The Corruption Eradication. The arrangement in those lawshas created an overlapping, overcriminilization and disharmony of law. This can be seen in Law  No 30 Year 2014 on Goverment Administration,the sanctions of  the abuse of powerare simply to return loss and can also be accompanied by dismissal, while in Law No 31 Year 1999 jo Law Number 20 Year 2001 onthe Eradication of Corruption with or without loss can be imprisoned and returning the loss will not remove the criminal prosecution. Other than that, there are potential linkage in the test to determine a state officials discretions between the Administrative Court and the Constitutional Court Post Pretrial Judicial Review Decision to extend the authority of the Pretrial.
Keywords: the Abuse of Power, Goverment Administration Law, Corruption Eradication Law
THE PRINCIPLE OF PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE AND PROSECUTION POLICY
Authors: Haryanto M .
Published: April 2017

Abstract

The issue IF this article is to be addressed in this article is the incompatibility between the prosecution policy issued by the Supreme Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia and the principle of presumption of innocence. This article finds that the General Attorney’s Office disregards the principle of presumption of innocence recognized by the Criminal Procedural Law by issuing General Attorney Directive on Criminal Prosecution and General Attorney Notice  dispatched to the Head of High Prosecutor’s Office which denied the Prosecutor’s authority to request for acquittal in a criminal litigation. To solve this issue, the author argues that in a case where the evidence did not support the prosecution in relation with the existence of the crime or the perpetrator who is not the convicted, the Prosecutor should embrace the principle of presumption of innocence and consequently request for acquittal of the accused or convicted.

Key Words: Presumption of Innocence; Prosecution Policy
THE LEGAL POSITION OF LECTURER AT UNIVERSITY WHICH INCORPORATED AS FOUNDATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nita Surya
Published: April 2017

Abstract

            The Foundation is Organizing Body of Universities carry out the functions and purposes of workers hired as a lecturer in providing formal educational services to students. Lecturer profession specialized field of work with the principle of upholding the professionalism of legislation, laws, codes of conduct, as well as religious values and ethics. The issue of this article as follows: (1) How does the organization of University carried out by people in Indonesia ?; (2) How does the position of lecturer in University which incorporated as foundation in Indonesia ?; (3) How is the regulation on legal position of lecturer in University which incorporated as foudation in the future?. Juridical empirical research methods in the field of law aims to completely describe the characteristics of certain situation, private or group behavior. The research use sample purposive sampling that is case of lecturer with Foundation in Industrial Court of Yogyakarta and Medan. The research use qualitative descriptive for data analysis to describe legal position of lecturer in University which incorporated as Foundation in Indonesia. Based on result, the management model of University is Private University for university management. The rights and obligation of Private University management rely on the Foundation. Autonomy,accountable, fair and transparent that are regulated on the Law Number 12 of 2012 on Higher Education can not well implemented due to the Foundation as legal body has the rights and obligation that effect any activities of University which incorporated as Foundation in Indonesia. Lecturer, as a professional, is appointed in accordance with regulation in using work relationship based on labor agreement contains the terms of employment rights and obligations of the parties with the principle of equality based on the Law Number 13 of 2003 on Employment. The use of the term mutual agreement is not known in Employment Act. In the future, in order to meet the ground of Pancasila Justice, the legal relationship between the lecturers and the foundation is a relationship based on the principles of Pancasila Justice provides legal protection to the weak position because it ensures the balance of rights and obligations of the parties.

Keywords: Legal Position of Lecturer, University which incorporated as Foundation
São João de Campina Grande como megaevento: imbricamento entre sistema e mundo da vida na mercadorização da cultura
Authors: Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza , Perdigão João Gabriel de Lima , Franco Suélen Matozo , Ferreira Bruno Rafael Torres
Published: April 2017

Um dos maiores eventos do Brasil, o São João de Campina Grande incorporou elementos modernos ao seu caráter cultural e regional, adquirindo contornos de espetáculo, num processo de mercadorização da cultura. Tal aspecto remete-nos à discussão de esfera pública proposta por Jürgen Habermas, cuja abordagem aponta para a concepção dualista entre sistema e mundo da vida. Com o intuito de analisar como o mundo da vida e o sistema coexistem no São João de Campina Grande, realizamos a presente pesquisa, de abordagem crítica, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro grupos de agentes envolvidos na organização do megaevento. Nossos achados apontam para uma clara primazia da ação estratégica, na qual o consenso do espaço público tende a se diluir nos imperativos políticos e mercadológicos implicados na “profissionalização” de um festejo que nasce na esfera pública.
Teacher education for inclusion - the premises for implementing a new initial teacher training programme
Authors: Marin Elena
Published: April 2017

This paper attempts to highlight and examine the Romanian perspective regarding inclusive education by presenting some statistical data and the steps that have been made in order to make the switch from a school system lead by the segregation principle to a school system based on inclusive principles. Moreover, the attention focuses on schools` key actors, the teacher, more specifically on the initial teachers training programmes available in Romania. The starting point when it come to the initial teacher training programmes is based on the assumption that there is an acute need for training when it comes to the implementation of an inclusive educational system in Romania. Using a qualitative approach, we aimed at presenting specialists’ opinion on priority issues in policy development regarding the teacher training in the field of inclusive education, focusing on the premises for implementing a training system that is mandatory for every teacher in the inclusive education and on the aspects that relate to the rethinking of the teacher’s training process at a national level.
Participation of students with disabilities in higher education internationalisation activities
Authors: Karvelienė Regina
Published: April 2017

The article analyses participation of students with disabilities in higher education internationalisation activities. In the course of research we tried to disclose theoretical links between higher education internationalisation concept and globalisation process, to analyse the experience of students with disabilities participating in internationalisation activities: the main factors that stimulate or restrict students from participation in international activities in higher education institutions. In order to implement the aim of the research, the theories of social participation and empowerment were referred to. Descriptive research method was applied to collect and analyse the data. The participants of the research – students with disabilities studying at Lithuanian state universities (N = 145). While analysing research data, the main factors that determined students’ decision to get involved in internationalisation activities at the university were indicated: the ambition to acquire deeper knowledge at international level in a particular study programme; the desire to ensure added value to future career; the pursuit to improve the knowledge of a foreign language. The main indicated factors that prevent students from participation in higher education internationalisation activities are as follows: the disability itself or special needs, low self-confidence and health problems.
Herbicide Tolerance of Established Buffalograss
Authors: Li Luqi , Sousek Matthew , Gaussoin Roch , Reicher Zachary
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Proper calibration and application is important when using herbicides on buffalograss.

Established ‘Bowie’ buffalograss was most tolerant to carfentrazone + quinclorac, halosulfuron, indaziflam, quinclorac, quinclorac + MCCP + dicamba, simazine, sulfosulfuron, or thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba.

Herbicide injury on established buffalograss is relatively short‐lived with the exception of imazapic at the 2× rate.
Effect of Previous Rotation on Plant Parasitic Nematode Population in Peanut and Crop Yield
Authors: Jordan David L. , Corbett Tommy , Bogle Clyde , Shew Barbara , Brandenburg Rick , Ye Weimin
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

A diverse crop rotation reduces soil parasitic nematode population.

Impact of previous rotation can persist for multiple years.

Wheat yield was greater after continuous peanut than yield of rotations including corn and cotton.

Crop rotation is an important part of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems to maintain yield through avoidance of plant parasitic nematodes and diseases. Research was conducted at two locations in North Carolina to determine changes in plant parasitic nematode populations and peanut yield in 2013 following a rotation sequence that included two cycles of corn (Zea mays L.) followed by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (2007–2010), corn (2011), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2012). Prior to rotations from 2007 to 2013, both short and long rotations of corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean were planted in these plots from 2001 to 2005. Decreases in populations of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and stunt nematode (Tylenchorhynchus spp.) from 2006 to 2013 were the greatest when peanut was grown continuously from 2001 to 2006. Yields of corn, cotton, soybean, and wheat (2007–2012) were not affected by rotation from 2001 to 2006 at one location. However, at a second location wheat yield during 2008 and 2010 was greater following continuous peanut from 2001 to 2006 than yield following other rotations. Corn yield in one year following continuous peanut was greater than yield following several other rotations with fewer years of peanut or soybean. While peanut yield in 2006 was affected by rotation sequence in previous years (2001–2005), after 6 years of rotation from 2007 to 2012 peanut in 2013 did not differ in yield regardless of rotation from 2001 to 2006. These data indicate that developing adequate diversity of rotation can decrease plant parasitic nematode populations to levels that allow high peanut yield regardless of rotation history.
Can We Increase Sugar Beet Yield with Lime, Cultivar Selection, and Fertilizer Applications?
Authors: Chatterjee Amitava , Cattanach Norman
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Lime and cultivar had no effect on sugar beet production.

Liquid starter can reduce the seed germination.

Recommended fertilizer application is enough for fields with history of sand syndrome.
Aku dalam Kehinaanku!: Menafsir Kehinaan Menurut Julia Kristeva
Authors: Kristianto Paulus Eko
Published: April 2017

Abjection normally is understood as the gross taste. However, whether such humiliation is also understood when placed in the frame of philosophy? Julia Kristeva states abjection with regard to aesthetics in art and literature through poetry catharsis. That is through abjection, people are invited to immerse themselves further in selfhood. The key phrase is trying held by the author in this article outlines. The author tries to offer an alternative that has been wrapped Kristeva debasement in the language of the interface between semiotics and symbolism.
Sejarah Gereja Belanda Austin Friars di City of London: Refleksi Sejarah Gerakan Reformasi-Harapan dan Tantangan
Authors: Napel Henk Ten
Published: April 2017

In the centre of the City of London one can find the Dutch Church Austin Friars. Thanks to the Charter granted in 1550 by King Edward VI, the Dutch refugees were allowed to start their services in the church of the old monastery of the Augustine Friars. What makes the history of the Dutch Church in London so special is the fact that the church can lay claim to being the oldest institutionalised Dutch protestant church in the world. As such it was a source of inspiration for the protestant church in the Netherlands in its formative years during the sixteenth century. Despite its long history, the Dutch Church is still alive and well today. This article will look at the origin of this church and the challenges it faced and the developments it experienced during the 466 years of its existence.
Crossing the Green Line: Frontier, environment and the role of bandeirantes in the conquering of Brazilian territory
Authors: Evans Sterling , Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: April 2017

This article’s objective is to present, via bibliographic research, the territorial makeup of colonial Brazil (1500-1822) and the Brazilian historical approach at the beginning of the twentieth century that sought to relate questions and concepts of frontier, territoriality, and nature in the historic role of the bandeirante movement. The goal here is to address territorial and geographic questions, but also environmental ones, based on historical geography, and to present arguments that fall in the nexus between history and nature in the debate on Brazilian territorial expansion. The text is grounded in classical works, and works by renown authors on this topic, but we also include discussion of less well known sources. The intent is to identify how the theme of bandeirantes and Brazilian westward expansion can be analyzed differently in the pertinent specialized historical literature.
Turismo de Segundas Residências: análise dos conflitos territoriais no destino de Matinhos (Litoral do Paraná, Brasil)
Authors: Abrahão Cinthia Maria De Sena , Tomazzoni Edegar Luis
Published: April 2017

O artigo tematiza os conflitos territoriais relacionados ao uso e ocupação do solo em um destino turístico de segunda residência. O estudo empírico foi realizado no município de Matinhos, litoral do Paraná. O objeto de análise foi a atuação do Conselho de Desenvolvimento Territorial do Litoral (COLIT), responsável pela implementação da base legal sobre uso e ocupação do solo no litoral paranaense. Para tanto, foram analisadas as atas de reunião dessa instituição, com aplicação dos instrumentos metodológicos da Análise de Conteúdo (AC). A perspectiva relacional de análise territorial de Claude Raffestin concedeu suporte teórico para a interpretação dos resultados. Na análise longitudinal realizada tornou-se evidente que o colegiado do COLIT se transformou em um campo de disputa de forças políticas. Adicionalmente, percebe-se que as municipalidades e o setor privado local assumiram papel crescentemente relevante, defendendo a redução das restrições construtivas como meio de garantir a prosperidade econômica do município.
Los Relatos de Viajeros y Científicos como Fuente Documental para la Reconstrucción Histórica del Territorio de las Cuencas del Reconquista y Las Encadenadas en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Siglo XIX
Authors: Miraglia Marina
Published: April 2017

Los viajeros y científicos recorrieron vastos territorios de los nuevos mundos con el claro propósito de inventariar la gran riqueza faunística y florística para su aprovechamiento por las grandes potencias imperialistas europeas de los siglos XVIII y XIX. Las sociedades científicas europeas en sintonía con sus gobiernos enviaron a los académicos y científicos aventureros a recopilar información de los nuevos territorios donde invertir sus esfuerzos para extraer los recursos naturales necesarios para la reproducción de la vida en sus sociedades. En la República Argentina, los científicos y viajeros europeos inventariaron con gran detalle las condiciones físico naturales y antropológicas de nuestro territorio. En este artículo se utilizaron algunos de ellos como fuentes de datos para representar la reconstrucción histórica de parte del territorio bonaerense en el siglo XIX.
El Río como Infraestructura: Paisaje y navegación en el río Meta, Colombia
Authors: Serje Margarita , Ardila Luna Diana Carolina
Published: April 2017

A comienzos del siglo XXI, los ríos se entienden en Colombia ya no como elementos ‘naturales’ de la geografía y del paisaje, sino como un tipo particular de artefacto. Han pasado a ser entendidos como infraestructura, como elementos del ensamblaje de un nuevo sistema de producción. El río se convierte así en eje de un régimen de intervención, es decir, en el eje de un conjunto de prácticas instrumentales y discursivas, que constituyen un cierto tipo de espacialidad y de organización social; respondiendo a la lógica y prioridades de expansión del capitalismo. Y este régimen deja huellas en el paisaje. Este trabajo se propone así, primero, discutir el concepto de ‘regímenes de intervención’ y los debates teóricos a los que hace referencia; segundo, proponer una reflexión sobre la forma que estos regímenes se configuran y leen en el paisaje; y tercero, explorar el caso del río Meta desde esta perspectiva.
Contribution to the knowledge of lichenized mycota from Southern Brazil. I – Species of Ramboldia (Ascomycota: Lecanoraceae)
Authors: Gumboski Emerson Luiz
Published: April 2017

Ramboldia, a genus of lichen-forming fungi, is represented by lecideoid species with aLecanora-type ascus and simple and persistently hyaline ascospores. Although probablycommon in Brazilian mycota, species of Ramboldia remains poorly recorded in the country.The collections and analyses of specimens followed the standard protocols in lichenology.Here are reported five new records to two States of Southern Brazil. Ramboldia haematitesare new record to State of Santa Catarina and both, R. heterocarpa and R. russula, are newrecords to Santa Catarina and to State of Paraná. Descriptions, comments, figures and a keyto Brazilian species are given.
Efeito da aplicação de metiljasmonato no desenvolvimento de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L. – Asteraceae)
Authors: Oliveira Rosangela Magalhães , Wachowicz Cyntia Maria Wachowicz Maria , Franco Joceline
Published: April 2017

Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) é uma planta medicinal utilizada pelos seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antissépticos e cicatrizantes. Os jasmonatos são compostos formados a partir do ácido linolênico que interferem na síntese de metabólitos secundários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a aplicação exógena de metiljasmonato em C. officinalis potencializa a síntese de metabólitos secundários e se é precursora de algum ajuste morfológico externo na espécie avaliada. A metodologia utilizada foi a cromatografia em camada delgada para caracterização fitoquímica dos extratos. Os parâmetros morfológicos avaliados foram comprimento da maior folha e número de folhas. A aplicação exógena de metiljasmonato nas concentrações testadas em C. officinalis não alterou o número de folhas e o comprimento da maior folha. Na análise de metabólitos secundários, todos os tratamentos apresentaram as mesmas substâncias (rutina e ácido clorogênico).
Samambaias e licófitas da Bacia Petrolífera de Urucu, Coari, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Sampaio Adeilza Felipe , Coelho de Souza Maria Goreti , Pietrobom Marcio Roberto
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho visou ampliar o conhecimento sobre samambaias e licófitas da Bacia Petrolífera de Urucu no estado do Amazonas, em área com cerca de 514.000 ha., de floresta ombrófila densa de terra firme e floresta ombrófila de várzea. As coletas foram feitas em março de 2007, janeiro a março de 2008 e agosto de 2009. A identificação foi realizada com auxílio de bibliografia especializada. Registraram-se 20 famílias (duas de licófitas, Lycopodiaceae e Selaginellaceae, e 18 de samambaias), 41 gêneros e 104 espécies (sete licófitas e 103 samambaias). As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Pteridaceae (19 espécies), Hymenophyllaceae (17), Polypodiaceae (13), Lindsaeaceae (10) e Dryopteridaceae (9). Os gêneros com maior número de espécies foram Adiantum (12 espécies), Trichomanes (11) e Lindsaea (10). São citados cinco novos registros: Serpocaulon dasypleuron (Kunze) A. R. Sm. para o Brasil e Didymoglossum pinnatinervium (Jenman) Pic. Serm., Lindsaea remota Kunze, Pteris vittata L. e Thelypteris chrysodioides (Fée) C.V. Morton para o estado do Amazonas. Quanto às formas de vida/hábito, há 52 espécies terrícolas/herbáceas e 44 epifíticas/herbáceas que, juntas, representam 86% do total de espécies. Muitas espécies (53) ocorrem em mais de um microambiente (margem do igarapé, encosta e platô).
The stingless bees of Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil
Authors: Dubet da Silva Mouga Denise Monique , Dec Enderlei
Published: April 2017

Aiming to know the diversity of stingless bees in southern Brazil, a review of 27 publications, reporting sampling of stingless bees in the state of Santa Catarina, covering a period of 30 years, was performed. The studies have been related to plant formations where they took place. A total of 51 species of 17 genera were obtained, six species (with four subspecies) in the genus Melipona. The studies took place in 19 municipalities. The vegetation type where more collections were undertaken was the rain forest. Most surveys were performed in the southern and northern mesoregions. Differences in the number of species reported by different authors refer to genera Cephalotrigona, Frieseomelitta, Lestrimelitta, Melipona, Mourella, Nannotrigona, Oxytrigona, Paratrigona, Partamona, Plebeia, Scaptotrigona, Schwarziana, Tetragonisca and Trigona. The causes of the differences may include anthropogenic factors. Santa Catarina State, in view of the verified number of species, stands as the last high diversity spot for stingless bees in Brazil, in a northern-southern perspective.
Plasticidade morfológica de Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae) em duas formações de restinga no sul do Brasil
Authors: Bachtold Barbra Aliane , Ferreira de Melo Junior João Carlos
Published: April 2017

Fatores ambientais podem promover alterações nas características funcionais e estruturais dosorganismos a eles expostos. Essa capacidade de variação na fisiologia ou morfologia é conhecidacomo plasticidade. Em ambientes heterogêneos como a restinga as espécies apresentam grande potencial plástico. O presente trabalho visa avaliar a plasticidade morfológica de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Calophyllaceae), popularmente conhecido como olandi,em duas formações de restinga do Parque Estadual Acaraí, localizado no município de São Francisco do Sul/SC (48º33’ W e 26º17’ S). Em cada formação, cinco indivíduos adultos foram selecionados para coleta de folhas de sol e amostras de caule, além da coleta de solo para obtenção de valores nutricionais e de fertilidade. Atributos foliares e de xilema, qualitativos e quantitativos, foram obtidos por meio de material herborizado e preparações histológicas permanentes, respectivamente. Observaram-se diferenças estatísticas significativas para os parâmetros de área foliar, massa seca e índice de condutividade entre as populações.Com base nos dados obtidos, sugere-se que os indivíduos presentes na restinga arbustivoarbórea estão mais sombreados e têm mais biomassa foliar acumulada, enquanto na floresta de transição C. brasiliense apresenta maior investimento em altura e diâmetro do caule. Verificou-se maior plasticidade fenotípica para os parâmetros de massa seca foliar e área foliar. Os parâmetros nutricionais demonstraram alto teor de matéria orgânica na floresta detransição, propiciando alto nível de fertilidade.
Caracterização da avifauna em áreas de cerrado no Brasil Central
Authors: Rocha Camila , Matias Raphael , Aguiar Lívia Mendonça , Melo Silva Carlos , Gonçalves Bruno Bastos , Mesquita-Neto José Neiva
Published: April 2017

No Brasil, o cerrado é o segundo maior bioma em extensão e o terceiro com maior riquezade aves, com aproximadamente 837 espécies. Destas, 36 são endêmicas do bioma e 48 estãoem algum nível de ameaça. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a riqueza, a abundância,a estrutura trófica e analisar a composição da comunidade de aves ocorrentes em áreas decerrado no Brasil Central. Foram realizadas duas visitas a campo, contemplando o ciclohidrológico de seca e chuva, totalizando 112 horas de esforço amostral. Foram registradas 163espécies, distribuídas em 48 famílias, sendo observada uma riqueza maior de aves na estaçãochuvosa (149 espécies) em comparação à estação seca (111 espécies). Foram registradascinco espécies endêmicas do cerrado, o que corresponde a 13,8% do total de aves endêmicasdo bioma. As famílias mais representativas foram: Tyrannidae (20 espécies), Thraupidae(16) e Psittacidae (11). As aves insetívoras foram o grupo mais representativo, com 35%das espécies observadas. Uma vez que a região de Paraúna se encontra modificada pelaexpansão da indústria sucroalcooleira, o conhecimento da avifauna local tem importânciafundamental como subsídio para o desenvolvimento de políticas de conservação, planos demanejo e biomonitoramento.
Orchidaceae Flora of Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Mancinelli Werner Siebje , Esemann-Quadros Karin
Published: April 2017

The objective of this work was to conduct a floristic study of Orchidaceae in the municipality of Joinville (Santa Catarina, Brazil), which occurred from 2006 to 2015. The municipality is mainly covered with Atlantic Forest between 0 and 1,335 m elevation. For the family, 211 species within 90 genera were recorded. The richest genera are Epidendrum (17 spp.), Pabstiella (15 spp.), Acianthera (14 spp.), Anathallis (8 spp.) and Octomeria (8 spp.). The majority of the species are epiphytes (82%), 11% are terrestrial, and the remaining 7% are hemi-epiphytes, rupicolous or myco-heterotrophic. Two species, Grobya guiselii and Homalopetalum joinvillense, are known only from Joinville.Keywords: Atlantic Forest; Floristic; Orchids; South Brazilian.
Nesting patterns of bees (Apidae) in brick walls in southern Brazil
Authors: K. G. dos Santos Andressa , Warkentin Manuel , V. da Silva Juliane , N. Barbosa Rogério , Mouga Denise Monique Dubet da Silva
Published: April 2017

Aiming to verify the nesting pattern of solitary bee species, a study was performed (October 2012 to March 2013) in Joinville, SC, southern Brazil, along a brick wall. There were found the following species Melitoma segmentaria (Emphorini), Caenohalictus incertus (Halictini)and Leiopodus lacertinus (Protepeolini). 147 nests showed activity in the sampling period (118 of C. incertus, 29 of M. segmentaria), 98% located in the masonry. For M. segmentaria, 29 active nests were observed (density of 4.53/ m2), with an average distance of 12.22 cmbetween them, 17 nests between the ground and 90 cm high, istributed in aggregated form (R = 0.004, p <0.02). The nests opening measured on average 0.9 cm in diameter (n =29), two of them with a mud tower entrance 0.6 cm high, with a smooth inner wall and a outer, rough. For C. incertus, 118 active nests were observed (density of 18.43/ m2), with a mean distance of 8.18 cm from each other, 98 nests between the ground and 70 cm high, distributed in aggregated form (R = 0.066, p <0.09). Individuals of L. lacertinus were noticed in all observations days, at the entrance of nests of M. segmentaria. Anthrax cf. virgo emerged from M. segmentaria nests.
Morphological plasticity of Ilex theezans Mart. ex Reissek (Aquifoliaceae) in two restinga vegetation of Santa Catarina coastal plain
Authors: Liberato Izabel da Silva , Melo Junior João Carlos Ferreira
Published: April 2017

The restinga, an environment of the rain Forest, is an ecosystem by the seacoast composed of diverse plant communities commonly found in sandy and undeveloped soils. This study aims to investigate possible intraspecific differences in Ilex theezans species, whose distributionin restinga includes two heterogeneous formations, shrub-tree restinga and transition forest. The study focused on a restinga remnant area located in Acaraí State Park, in the city of São Francisco do Sul (SC, Brazil). In each environment, five adult individuals were selected andhad wood samples collected from their stems at breast height and 25 leaves of the third and fourth nodes of the outer canopy branches sampled. Chemical and physical soil variables were analyzed for each formation. The results show that there are significant differencesbetween the leaf and the stem functional attributes and soil data analyzed, but as the PPI (Phenotypic Plasticity Index), the species Ilex theezans in the studied formations present low plastic potential.
Diatomáceas fitoplanctônicas da Praia do Gi, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Dutra Débora Bärwaldt , Garcia Marinês
Published: April 2017

Amostras do fitoplâncton marinho costeiro foram coletadas na Praia do Gi (Laguna, Brasil) com rede de plâncton de malha 20 μm em março de 2014. Foram encontradas 74 espécies de diatomáceas, pertencentes a 49 gêneros. As espécies estudadas são listadas com suas respectivas dimensões celulares juntamente com imagens em microscopia óptica emicroscopia eletrônica de varredura. Thalassiosira foi o gênero com o maior número de espécies, sendo Thalassiosira profunda pela primeira vez registrada para o Oceano Atlântico Sul. Anaulus australis apresenta sua distribuição austral ampliada para 28° S.
Levantamento da fauna de abelhas sem ferrão no estado do Tocantins
Authors: Costa-Neto Diôgo Januário , Valadares Marcela Sousa , Silva-Costa Edmilson Soares , Souto José Neuto
Published: April 2017

As espécies de abelhas sem ferrão existentes no estado do Tocantins são pouco conhecidas e precisam ser investigadas, pois as informações existentes estão restritas aos meliponicultores locais. Este estudo teve como objetivo levantar dados sobre a riqueza e a distribuição das espécies de abelhas sem ferrão existentes no Tocantins. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico e foram entrevistados 33 meliponicultores de 18 municípios do estado. A literatura revela a ocorrência de 31 espécies, semelhantes às 34 verificadas nos sistemas de meliponicultura. As mais frequentes são: jataí (94,4%), tiúba (88,9%) tubi bravo (77,7%), uruçu amarela (66,7%), uruçu preta (55,5%), manoel de abreu (33,3%) e marmelada (33,3%). As abelhas com maior número de colmeias são tiúba (335), jataí (143), uruçu amarela (125), tubi bravo (61), manoel de abreu (49) e bijuí (39).
Smashing back Doors in: Negative Attitudes toward Bottoms within the Gay Community
Authors: Brooks Thomas R. , Reysen Stephen , Shaw Jennifer
Published: April 2017

In the current study, we examined the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and negative attitudes toward effeminacy with prejudice toward sex-role identities in the gay community. Participants recruited from LGBTQA+ student groups from across the United States, completed measures related to their adherence toward hegemonic masculinity, attitudes toward effeminacy, and opinions about bottoms (men who prefer to be penetrated during anal intercourse). The results showed, first, established evidence that a prejudice toward bottoms does exist. Second, anti-effeminacy attitudes, hostile and benevolent sexism, and male toughness norms predicted prejudice toward bottoms. Taken together, the results illuminate both the importance of sex-role identities within the gay community, and marginalization within the community directed toward men who identify as bottoms.
Awareness of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among the Montenegrin seafarers
Authors: Jovicevic Ljiljana , Parlic Milan , Stevanovic Jasmina , Novakovic Tatjana , Barjaktarovic-Labovic Snezana , Milic Marija
Published: April 2017

Background/Aim. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue having claimed more than 35 million lives so far. Seafarers belong to a group of migrant workers whose working and living conditions are confined for a long time. Their way of life put them at a high risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge about HIV and other STIs among Montenegrin sailors. Methods. A research was carried out from October 2014 to April 2015 as a cross-sectional study. The research included 543 examinees. A research instrument was a particularly structured closed-type questionnaire created by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS) and used in international and national researches. For data analysis, we used the SPSS for Windows 20.0. Results. The result that only 42.9% of the examinees knew that HIV and STI transmission could be prevented by a proper and frequent use of condoms was alarming. More than a third of the examinees (38.9%) were aware of the fact that HIV could be transmitted by having sexual intercourse with a person who looked healthy, while 25.6% of them thought that HIV could not be transmitted in this way. Considering the level of education, there was a statistically significant difference related to the awareness of HIV transmission by sharing a meal with a person was HIV positive (p = 0.001). There was also found a statistically significant difference related to the awareness of the examinees about HIV transmission by using public toilets (p = 0.004). Conclusion. The results of this research showed that beside the fact that awareness level of HIV and STIs among the sailors was heightened in comparison to 2008, the level of awareness is still not satisfactory.
Asthma and periodontal health in children
Authors: Davidovic Bojana , Ivanovic Mirjana , Bokonjic Dejan , Jankovic Svjetlana , Eric Jelena , Lecic Jelena
Published: April 2017

Background/Aim. Oral health is an important part of overall health. Good oral health is important for oral diseases prevention and health maintenance of respiratory system. The aim of the study was to evaluate oral hygiene and periodontal health parameters of asthmatic children and to compare them with children without asthma as well as to evaluate those parameters according to type of used medications and time of taking medications in children with asthma. Methods. This epidemiological study included 68 children with asthma and 68 children without asthma or any other chronic disease aged from 6 to 16 years. Parameters used in this study were Greene-Vermillion index, L?e-Silness gingival index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Results. Good oral hygiene (31.1%) was more present in children without asthma whereas poor hygiene (20.0%) was more frequent in children with asthma (p < 0.001). Healthy gingiva was more frequent in children without asthma (25%) while mild (58.8%) and moderate gingival inflammation (5.9%) were more frequent in the group of children with asthma (p < 0.01). Mean CPI values were higher in children with asthma (p < 0.001). Mean values of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and CPI did not show statistically significant difference in relation to type of administered medication. However, taking medications in the afternoon was related to higher mean values of Plaque Index and Gingival Index (p < 0.05) within the group of children with asthma. Conclusion. Children with asthma had poorer oral hygiene and were diagnosed with greater values of oral hygiene and periodontal indices compared with the group of children without asthma. For this reason, it is necessary to promote oral health and establish good oral hygiene habits in asthmatic children.
Impact of surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia on lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life
Authors: Babic Uros , Soldatovic Ivan , Vukovic Ivan , Dragicevic Svetomir , Djordjevic Dejan , Acimovic Miodrag , Santric Veljko , Dzamic Zoran , Vuksanovic Aleksandar
Published: April 2017

Background/Aim. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a pathological process, which is one of the most common causes of so-called lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). LUTS affect many aspects of daily activities and almost all domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of operative treatment of BPH using standard clinical diagnostic procedures and effects on LUTS using the symptom-score validated to Serbian language as well as implications on HRQoL. Methods. Seventy-four patients underwent surgical treatment for BPH. The study protocol included objective and subjective parameters of the following sets of variables measured before and after the surgery: voiding and incontinence symptoms were measured using the International Continence Society male Short Form (ICS male SF) questionnaire, HRQoL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire along with standard clinical measurement of residual urine and urine flow. Results. After the surgery, all patients had decrease of voiding scores (13.5 ? 3.3 before and 1.5 ? 1.4 after surgery) and incontinence symptoms (5.7 ? 3.9 before and 0.6 ? 0.8 after surgery) in comparison to period before operative treatment. Significant improvements in all dimensions of HRQoL were noticed, particularly in emotional health. Although mental and physical total scores were significantly better than prior to the surgery, the level of improvement of voiding and incontinence scores were significantly correlated only with the level of improvement of mental score. Conclusion. After BPH surgery, patients are likely to have normal voiding symptoms, barely some involuntary control over urination and overll better HRQoL, particularly in emotional domain.
Surgical treatment of unstable pelvic ring fractures
Authors: Kezunovic Miroslav , Bulatovic Nikola
Published: April 2017

Background/Aim. Pelvic ring fractures are complex injuries and are often associated with internal organs injuries. These injuries require rapid and accurate diagnosis and in some cases one or more surgical interventions. The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the indications and outcomes of surgical treatment of pelvic ring injuries with the emphasis on anatomical reconstruction and stable osteosynthesis as a prerequisite for early mobilization and more favorable functional outcomes. Methods. In the period from 2006 to 2012, fifty-five patients with pelvic ring injuries with or without acetabular fractures were analyzed. The average age of all patients was 36 years. Forty-one patients were treated with operational open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) while nine of them were treated nonoperatively (bed rest, skeletal traction and external fixation). Results. All operated patients were treated within 3- 24 days with ORIF, stable osteosynthesis and early mobilization which resulted in avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in two cases. AVN of the femoral head was noted in five cases in combined and isolated pelvic ring injuries and acetabulum which were treated with skeletal traction. Neurological deficit was recorded in three patients treated with conservative methods while two patients underwent ORIF. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was noted in two patients and pulmonary thromboembolism appeared in one patient 23 days after surgical intervention. Two infections occurred around Steinman pins in the patients who had the definitive treatment performed with external fixator. In one patient treated with ORIF a superficial infection occurred and was treated with antibiotics. The functional results were evaluated based on Merle d'Aubign? score. The results of the radiography treatment were analyzed according to Slatis. Conclusion. Strict application of rational criteria and surgical technique with stable internal fixation with early mobilization provide significantly better outcomes of these injuries in relation to non surgical treatment or treatment with definitive external fixation.
Princípios de integração de valores culturais ao currículo e a organização dos conteúdos em livros didáticos de Matemática
Authors: Januario Gilberto , Lima Katia
Published: April 2017

Apresentamos recorte de uma investigação em que analisamos o currículo de Matemática apresentado para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvida por meio de análise documental a partir da análise de duas coleções de livros didáticos de Matemática destinados à EJA. Nesse recorte, pautamos nos elementos que os livros apresentam referentes aos pr incípios sobre os quais os currículos deveriam ser concebidos de modo a propiciar aos estudantes uma integração de valores culturais matemáticos baseando se nas ideias da enculturação matemática e nos modos em que são apresentados a organização dos conteúd os, seja linear ou em rede. As reflexões nos mostram que os livros investigados apresentam, em algumas abordagens, elementos que favorecem a integração de valores culturais na Matemática. Observamos, também, uma tendência em organizar os conteúdos matemáti cos de maneira a estimular uma articulação entre os temas.
Palavras-chave: Livro didático. Integração de valores culturais no currículo. Organização curricular. Currículos de Matemática.
Potential Economic and Development Prospects of Non Timber Forest Products in Community Agroforestry Land Around Sibolangit Tourism Park
Authors: Affandi Oding , Zaitunah Anita , Batubara Ridwanti
Published: April 2017

The communities who live around Sibolangit Tourism Park have developed nontimber forest products (NTFP) in their own agroforestry lands. This research evaluates the potential economic and development prospects from NTFP development in the Park by examining: (1) type of NTFP and economic value from community agrofrestry land, (2) contribution of NTFPs on household income, (3) development prospects of NTFP-based agroforestry around Sibolangit Tourism Park. The research was conducted in two selected villages around Sibolangit Tourism Park: Sembahe Village and Batu Mbelin Village. The research took place over a period between June and August 2016. Research data was obtained from in-depth interviews and observations. A descriptive method was used to analyze and describe facts related to the research aims. The type of NTFPs cultivated by communities at the research sites include mangosteen, durian, garcinia, candlenut, lanzones, lansium, bitter bean, and areca nut (as their forestry component) and ginger, turmeric, chili, papaya, etlingera, and banana (as the agriculture component). Most NTFPs are cultivated as a comercial product. The economic value of NTFPs in Batu Mbelin Village has reached Rp. 547,275,000/year or contribute 80.07% of total family income. Meanwhile, the economic value of NTFPs in Sembahe Village has reached Rp 682,100,000/year, contributing to 78.75% of total household income.  Therefore, the prospects for supporting and expanding NTFP in agroforestry plots in and around Sibolangit Tourism Park has high potential for supporting household income