bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNE DEPOSITS IN THE SKIN OF REVERSED PASSIVE ARTHUS REACTION USING HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AS ANTIGEN
Authors: Masuda Toshiki , Ueki Hiroaki , Nohara Nozomi , Tanioku Kihei
Published: April 2015

The distribution of immune deposits in the skin of reversed passive Arthus reaction was investigated using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as antigen. Free and non‐reacted HRP, after leaking from small vessels, spreads widely in connective tissue, in epidermis, and in hair follicles in a diffuse and homogeneous pattern. When a specific antibody is administered, HRP appears as granular deposits, which can be considered to be immune deposits, and they adhere to the tissues. When sufficient amounts of antibody is intracutaneously administered, these granular deposits are seen at the wall of venules or in the vicinity of the venules, but when a small amount of antibody is injected, the deposits are seen widely in the connective tissue and are apt to be accumulated at the basement membrane of the dermo‐epidermal junction and of hair follicles. Free HRP passes the basement membrane easily, but the immune complexes are considered unable to pass it and are deposited under it.
CONTACT DERMATITIS AND LYSOSOME ACTIVITY
Authors: Aoki Kazuo , Shimotoge Masashi , Saito Tadao
Published: April 2015

Changes in acid phosphatase and β‐glucuronidase activity were observed in lesions in cases of primary irritant and allergic contact dermatitis caused by dinitrochlorobenzene in guinea pigs.

In both types of contact dermatitis, the enzyme activity rose, following the induction, and the peak of activity appeared much later than that of the inflammatory changes; that is, changes in the inflammatory symptoms do not parallel changes in enzyme activity.

Thus, it is suggested that changes in lysosomal activity do not have a causative, but a secondary, value in contact dermatitis.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY ON THE UPTAKE OF 3H‐AMINO ACIDS BY NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN EPIDERMIS
Authors: Ohshima Yoshio
Published: April 2015

Incorporation of some tritiated amino acids in normal and pathological human epidermis was studied by autoradiography. In the case of methionine, glycine and histidine, silver particles were detected in the cytoplasm of nucleated cells. In a test after 1–2 hours incubation the density of these particles was greater in the upper squamous cell layer as compared with the lower layer. In the case of tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine, the particles were distributed more densely in the lower squamous layer as compared with other layers. After 4–6 hours incubation, all of these amino acids were observed more uniformly in the entire epidermal layers except the horny layer, the labelling being highest in the basal layer.

It may be interpreted here that the incorporation into the upper layers after 1–2 hours is related to the enzyme activity or energy of the epidermal cell, and that into the lower layers, especially the basal layer after 4–6 hours, to protein synthesis accompanied by cellular proliferation.

In parakeratotic epidermis associated with psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, verruca vulgaris, etc., the radioactive particles of 3H‐tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine were found in both the upper and lower squamous layers after 1–2 hours incubation, while they were observed only in the lower squamous layer in the normal epidermis. A similar tendency was found in epidermis with hyper‐ and parakeratosis induced by radiation with ultraviolet lights or stripping of the horny layer. The more the parakeratotic changes, the greater is the tendency.

It is therefore suggested that protein synthesis or metabolism occuring in each level of the epidermis is accelerated by a shortened life‐span in the parakeratotic epidermis.

In ichthyosis vulgaris, the so‐called keratogenous zone is distinctly seen as a narrow layer immediately beneath the horny layer, showing fairly intensive labelling from 3H‐glycine.

In the dyskeratotic cells of skin cancer and molluscum, a few silver particles were distributed with some amino acids.
PROTOTHECOSIS, AN INFECTION BY ALGAE
Authors: Yip Shing Yiu , Huang Chi‐To , Clark Wallace H.
Published: April 2015

A case of protothecosis affecting the skin of the face of a young Chinese girl due to Prototheca wickerhamii is reported from Hong Kong. The disease persisted for eighteen years, was slowly progressive with local spread and extension to neighbouring conjunctival mucosa, and to the contralateral cheek by way of lymphatics, without systemic involvement.

The source of infection could not be traced, and factors relating to the mode of onset were not known. There was no apparent defect in the immune mechanism in the otherwise healthy patient.

Several antibiotics including polymyxin B, and amphotericin B given by various routes had failed to control the disease.

The evolution of different patterns of protothecosis is discussed in the light of scanty case reports in the literature.
EFFECT OF SERUM OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES PATIENTS ON LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Kinoshita Masako , Kawada Akihiro
Published: April 2015

In vitro transformation of peripheral lymphocytes by PHA was usually impaired in mycosis fungoides patients in the infiltrative plaque and tumor stages, while not being significantly impaired in the premycotic stage. A serum factor, reducing transformation by PHA, was demonstrated in 2 of 5 patients in the premycotic stage as well as in 2 and probably 3 of 4 patients in the infiltrative plaque or tumor stage. This serum factor affected both autologous (mycosis fungoides) and normal lymphocytes. The factor tended to be present in patients whose lymphocytes were impaired rather than in those whose lymphocytes were not significantly impaired. The degree of the reduction by mycosis fungoides serum seemed to correlate with the serum concentration of γ‐globulin rather than that of α2‐globulin. The possible nature and clinical significance of this factor are discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE MICROVASCULATURE IN SKIN AFFECTED BY SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA
Authors: Saito Yoshio , Ishikawa Hidekazu
Published: April 2015

The microvasculature of the upper dermis in cases of systemic scleroderma was examined with an electron microscope. Microvessels in clinically uninvolved skin areas showed nearly normal structure. On the other hand, in moderately involved skin, enlargement of the vascular lumen, endothelial swelling, increase in the pinocytotic vesicle and microvilli and reduplication of the basal lamina were observed. Along with these, Ruthenium red‐positive granules, microfibrils and fine collagen fibrils were perivasculary increased. Markedly involved skin revealed a degenerative change in the endothelial cells with interendothelial gap; in the perivascular region the number of microfibrils and Ruthenium red‐positive granules decreased, and were replaced by increased collagen fibrils.
THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF SALICYLIC ACID
Authors: Takahashi Hisashi , Ishii Tomio , Tanabe Kazuko , Ikeda Heisuke
Published: April 2015

The present paper reports on the penetration of salicylic acid, a substance with high permeability, through swine skin. Liquid scintillation counter and autoradiographic measurements were performed, on the excised swine skin to which ointment had been applied.

The results indicated that the substance penetrated mainly through transfollicular route and was deposited transiently at various levels of each follicle, resulting in zig‐zag pattern on the liquid scintillation counter curve. The autoradiographic study also revealed a heavy transfollicular pattern of the substance though a slight transepidermal pattern was also noted.

Whether the substance penetrates because of its lipid solubility or because of its affinity to the keratinous tissue is still open to question.
EFFECTS OF CYCLOHEXIMIDE AND ACTINOMYCIN D ON PRODUCTION OF ACIDIC NUCLEAR PROTEINS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVATED BY PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ
Authors: Dekio Satoshi
Published: April 2015

Previous studies have implicated a role for acidic nuclear proteins in the PHA stimulated activation of human lymphocytes. This study examines the mechanism of synthesis of these proteins. Cycloheximide inhibited their production, while Actinomycin D did not. It is suggested that synthesis proceeds by translation of dormant messenger RNA rather than of newly synthesized messenger RNA.
ENZYME DEFECTS IN XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM
Authors: Akiba Hiroshi , Kato Taizo , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

Fibroblast strains were obtained from 12 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum of various clinical types. Repair replication of UV‐damaged DNA in the fibroblasts was studied by 3H‐thymidine labeling and radioautography. DNA repair replication was found decreased in all xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts compared with control cells obtained from normal donors. Repair activities in patients cells ranged from nearly 0% in three infant cases and two cases of De Sanctis‐Cacchione syndrome to approximately 100% in an adult moderate case. There was, however, no correlation between the level of repair replication and the severity of clinical symptoms. Since three cases which showed a lack of repair DNA replication were infants, it is assumed that these cases may develop De Sanctis‐Cacchione syndrome in the future. A genetic analysis of xeroderma pigmentosum cells, was performed with cell fusion methods using irradiated HVJ virus in order to determine the type of the complementation group. XP‐1, XP‐3, XP‐4, XP‐6 and XP‐9 may be classified into group D; XP‐2, XP‐7, XP‐8, XP‐11 and XP‐12 into group A; and XP‐5 into the group E.
THERAPY EXPERIENCES WITH HERPES SIMPLEX ANTIGEN “LUPIDON G”
Authors: Djuanda Suria
Published: April 2015

During the last years a relative high incidence of recurrent herpes simplex genitalis has been observed in Jakarta. A total number of 58 adult male and female patients suffering from herpes progenitalis and of herpes on the mons veneris, gluteal region or thighs were treated with “Lupidon G.”* “Lupidon G” is a HSV (herpes simplex virus) type 2‐antigen, to be injected subcutaneously according to a fixed treatment schedule. The first course consists of 12 subsequent weekly injections (1st–3rd month), followed by a second course of 8 fortnightly injections (4th–5th month). This paper will discuss the factors contributing to proneness of individuals to the disease, the average duration of the herpes, the prior treatment, frequency of the relapses and the coincidence with other diseases.

Twelve patients terminated before completion of the course of treatment or did not come back for control. In 46 patients a follow‐up during 6–12 months revealed the following clinical results: excellent 34.8% (16 cases), good 52.2% (24 cases), and inefficacious 13.0% (6 cases), all after the first course. Two patients of the last group were cured after a second course of treatment. Trivial side‐effects occured on the site of injection in 3 patients (6.5%).
INACTIVATION MECHANISM OF TYROSINASE IN MOUSE MELANOMA*
Authors: Tomita Yasushi , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

Tyrosinase [EC 1.14.18.1] isolated from mouse melanoma was inactivated during the dopatyrosinase reaction. When ascorbate was added to the reaction system, in which dopa‐quinone is immediately converted back to dopa by ascorbate thus preventing the formation of melanin, tyrosinase inactivation similarly occurred. If superoxide anions (O2–) or singlet oxygens (1O2), are generated during the reaction they can attack the enzyme protein to be inactivated. Therefore an estimate was made with scavengers for oxygen radicals and with a liquid scintillation counter but neither was detectable. Thus the inactivation involved is not due to reaction products nor oxygen radicals.
STUDIES ON THE DINITROPHENYLATED LYMPHOCYTES IN GUINEA PIG PAINTED WITH DNCB
Authors: Aoshima Tadahiro , Nakagawa Shôjiro , Gotoh Masako , Tanioku Kihei , Amos Hary E.
Published: April 2015

The number of DNP group‐bearing lymphocytes in the regional lymph node, thoracic duct and peripheral blood was determined at various time intervals after painting normal guinea pigs with DNCB by the immunofluorescent method using anti‐DNP antibody. The incidence of such cells in the regional node was maximal at 12 hours whereas in the thoracic duct and peripheral blood the maximum incidence was found at 0.1–2 hours after painting. Unreacted DNCB was demonstrated in both the thoracic lymph duct and the blood at least for 12 or 24 hours respectively following exposure to DNCB. The authors therefore suggest that DNCB reacts directly in vivo with the lymphocyte cell membrane of guinea pig following epicutaneous application of the chemical.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET'S DISEASE
Authors: Ikezawa Zenro , Ohashi Yoshikazu , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi , Matsuoka Shunsuke
Published: April 2015

A patient, having been treated by total cystectomy and Bricker's conduit operation for prostatic duct carcinoma with intraepithelial extension into the prostatic urethra and bladder, developed an annular, psoriasiform eruption around the external orifice of the urethra two and one‐half years later. A biopsy of this lesion showed pagetoid changes of the epidermis. Microscopic examination of the surgical specimen, consisting of the glans penis and corpus spongiosum, demonstrated intraepithelial‐tumor permeation into the glans penis, penile urethra, and periurethral glands (Littre). It seems reasonable to conclude that this is an unusual case of Paget's disease of the glans penis which probably originated from a prostatic duct carcinoma.
ANTIBODY TITER AND CLINICAL COURSE OF PEMPHIGUS
Authors: Imamura Sadao , Takigawa Masahiro , Higuchi Takako , Yamada Mizuho , Yoshinaga Hanako , Yanase Keiko , Yonezawa Ikuo , Harada Tetsuo , Ieki Akira , Takeda Toshio , Aoshima Toshiyuki , Soh Yoshiro , Doi Akira , Ogo Noriko , Aoshima Tadahiro
Published: April 2015

The relationship between the titer of pemphigus antibody and the clinical course of the disease was investigated in 15 patients with various types of pemphigus.

Although antibody titers generally ran parallel to fluctuations of the clinical course, the elevation of antibody titer appeared to follow the re‐appearance or exacerbation of the lesions on 10 occasions in 6 patients, while it appeared to precede the latter only on 2 occasions in 2 patients. In addition, the disappearance of the antibody was considerably delayed after disappearance of skin lesions in 2 cases. These findings suggest that the pemphigus antibody is the result of skin damage, rather than the cause of pemphigus itself.
TISSUE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
Authors: Shigemi Fumio , Kitamura Yukikazu , Ishimura Junya , Takeda Katsuyuki
Published: April 2015

One of our co‐workers was sensitized with a 1% DNCB solution in acetone. Biopsies were obtained from skin lesions 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36 and 48 hours after a challenge with 0.1% DNCB solution. In the upper dermis, a rapid decrease of tissue fibrinolytic activity was found which disappeared after 30 hours. In the lower dermis, biphasic changes were observed. Tissue fibrinolytic activity increased one hour and 12–36 hours after challenge, whereas at 48 hours, when erythema was most intensive, it decreased in comparison to the normal activity.

Erythema and histological changes of the epidermis and the dermis appeared after approximately 12 hours. As for lymphocytes, T‐cells were seen at first. Furthermore, B‐cells were noted after approximately 30 hours when marked infiltration began to appear.
ERYTHROPOIETIC PROTOPORPHYRIA
Authors: Ozasa Shozaburo , Yamamoto Shoso , Maeda Motomichi , Inada Shuichi , Yanai Shoko , Takagaki Kenji
Published: April 2015

Three cases of erythropoietic protoporphyria are reviewed. The three patients constitute members of one family. The protoporphyrin content of the red blood cells was high, but porphyrins and their precursors in the urine and faeces were not excessive. Other normal members of the family did not reveal high protoporphyrin content in the red blood cells. Clinical symptoms were itching, swelling, shallow depressed scars and waxy yellow discoloration on the face and brown pigmentation and thickness on the back of the hands after exposure to the sun. The microscopic findings from skin biopsy specimens of the lesions resembled changes of the lipoid proteinosis.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL SKIN INFECTION
Authors: Tsuda Shingo
Published: April 2015

Patients with staphylococcal infection of the skin were examined for immunological status. All cases examined in the present study had γ‐globulin levels within the normal range. The proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to staphylococcal antigen was significantly depressed in patients with furunculosis as compared with that in patients with common furuncle or in healthy controls. All patients with furunculosis showed higher titers of anti‐Staphylococcus aureus antibody than did those with furuncle. The dissociation between cellular and humoral immunity in furunculosis seems to be explained in terms of immune deviation.
NEVUS CELLS OBSERVED IN THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Authors: Shitara Atsuyuki , Sato Yoshio , Morohashi Masaaki
Published: April 2015

Of sebaceous gland‐containing specimens of melanocytic nevi, a total of 79 specimens from 70 cases of nevocellular nevus (consisting of 10 cases of compound nevus and 60 of intradermal nevus), four cases of juvenile melanoma and three of blue nevus were examined light‐microscopically in detail for the presence or absence of nevus cells or dermal melanocytes in the sebaceous glands. As a result, clusters of cells that appeared to be nevus cells were found in the sebaceous glands of specimens from a total of three cases, that is, two cases of nevocellular nevus i.e. compound nevus, and one of the cases of juvenile melanoma. Two cases were infantile and one case was the age of puberty. The origin of the nevus cells found in the sebaceous glands is discussed.
ERYTHROKERATODERMIA VARIABILIS
Authors: Maekawa Yoshihiro , Yasaka Shoko
Published: April 2015

The case of a 10 year‐old Japanese boy with erythrokeratodermia variabilis is reported in addition to a review of the Japanese literature. The patient was first examined in our clinic on October 21, 1965, because of generalized hyperkeratotic lesions and erythematous lesions which had persisted since he was 3 months old. Hyperkeratotic and verrucous lesions were noted on his auricles and trunk, on which there were also sharply demarcated erythematous lesions of various sizes and shapes which were not elevated from the adjacent skin. Laboratory findings were within normal limits. Histopathological examination revealed a remarkable hyperkeratosis with a basket weave appearance, moderate acanthosis and a slightly thickened granular layer. Polyethylenglycol 400 and corticosteroid ointment were slightly beneficial to the hyperkeratotic lesions.
COMPOSITION AND MECHANISM OF DEPOSITION OF THE INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE IN PARAKERATOTIC PSORIATIC EPIDERMIS
Authors: Kimura Shunji
Published: April 2015

In order to elucidate both the mechanism of deposition and the composition of the substance that is observed mainly the intercellular spaces (ICS) and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm of psoriatic epidermis, five cases of psoriasis vulgaris were examined using conventional histology and histochemistry, electron microscopy, and direct immunofluorescence technique with or without incubation in acid citrate buffer or digestion by fibrinolysin. The substance was found by electron microscopy to be rather dense and finely granular, and that in the parakeratotic horny layer was diastase‐resistant PAS positive, and showed positive immunofluorescence for immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen. The fluorescence was not significantly altered by preincubation of the tissue sections in acid citrate buffer, but was significantly diminished by predigestion of tissue sections with fibrinolysin. From these findings, we concluded that the substance is likely to consist of and be derived from the components of plasma protein, and to play a role in the formation of the parakeratotic psoriatic horny layer. It also seems that the deposition of this substance is rather the result of the coagulation of plasma protein than that of antigen‐antibody reactions.
EFFECT OF ESTROGEN ON THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF SKIN IN RATS
Authors: Arata Jirò , Yamamoto Yasuo , Hagiyama Masaharu , Nohara Nozomi
Published: April 2015

The influences of estrogen on body weight, skin weight, hydroxyproline and mucopolysaccharide content of skin of rats and 14C‐glucose or 14C‐glucosamine incorporation into mucopolysaccharide were studied. Estrogen repressed body weight gain both in males and females. Both wet and dry defatted skin weights were repressed by estrogen. Hydroxyproline and mucopolysaccharide content per unit weight of skin was not significantly altered by estrogen but the content calculated per unit area of skin was repressed by the hormone. No significant differential effect on the incorporation of 14C‐glucose or 14C‐glucosamine was observed.
A GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
Authors: Tamaki Kunihiko , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Kukita Atsushi
Published: April 2015

Light and electron microscopic studies of a case of granular cell tumor are reported. They showed these tumor cells should be considered to be of nervous origin. The electron microscopic study revealed a large number of membrane‐bound vacuoles within the tumor cells. It is suggested that some of them are derived from mitochondria.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF DISCOID LESIONS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MALE PATIENTS WITH SLE
Authors: Hamaguchi Tsuguo , Hitaka Yoshiko , Takeuchi Ryuji , Uchida Ikuyo
Published: April 2015

A comparative study was made between an SLE patient group with a higher incidence of discoid lesions (65%) at our dermatologic clinic (Group A) and one with a lower incidence of discoid lesions (36.3%) in the report of the Epidemiology Committee of SLE from the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan (Group B). A higher incidence of neuropsychic symptoms was noticed in Group A than in Group B, a fact considered to reflect the lower incidence of severe renal deseases. Male patients with SLE showed discoid lesions in 100% of cases and a lower incidence of positive LE‐cell tests (33%); concomitantly, they showed frequent neuropsychic symptoms (50%) and a relatively high mortality.

In the group of SLE patients with discoid lesions, a higher incidence of abnormal capillary nail fold features was noted than in the group without discoid lesions.
ELECTROPHORETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF TYROSINASE IN THE COATED VESICLES OF MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Mojamdar Manoj , Imokawa Genji , Mishima Yutaka
Published: April 2015

Since the activation and condensation of tyrosinase has been found to be carried out in the anastomosing, cysternal and tubular portion of GERL (4–6) rather than the Golgi apparatus, the tyrosinase transfer system from GERL to premelanosomes remains now to be elucidated in initial melanogenesis. Tyrosinase‐rich coated vesicles of Greene's malignant melanoma are isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and DEAE‐sephadex coloumn chromatography. Multiple forms of tyrosinase present in the isolated coated vesicles has been studied in comparison to those present in the soluble fraction. The soluble fraction contains two soluble forms in addition to the membrane bound form of tyrosinase. On ther hand, one soluble form and the membrane bound form of tyrosinase separated from the coated vesicle fraction. The significance of these findings and the possible role of coated vesicles in tyrosinase transport system is discussed.
GENERALIZED DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH BENIGN MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY
Authors: Ueki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the case of a patient with generalized discoid lupus erythematosus. During the past 25 years the patient has developed moderate systemic symptoms including leukopenia, anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and decreased serum complement. In the last 7 years, the serum γ‐globulin level has become conspicuously elevated, revealing a sharp monoclonal pattern. A M‐bow was detected in the IgG‐ and K‐chain precipitin arcs in immunoelectrophoresis. IgG type monoclonal gammopathy was confirmed, while the serum IgM level was decreased.

No symptom suggesting the presence of multiple myeloma has ever been demonstrated by repeated bone X‐ray and the bone‐marrow examinations. The monoclonal gammopathy was well correlated with the intensity of cutaneous deteriolation and general symptoms.
ELECTROPHORETIC PROFILE OF TYROSINASE TREATED WITH NEURAMINIDASE IN VARIOUS SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS FROM MOUSE MELANOMA*
Authors: Tomita Yasushi , Moro Shinran , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

When various subcellular particles of Harding‐Passey mouse melanoma including rough and smooth surface membranes, the Golgi rich fraction and the melanosome fraction were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the electrophoretic profiles of tyrosinase [EC 1. 14. 18. 1] in all these particles varied depending on the particles, but they became almost identical after the various cell particles were treated with neuraminidase [EC 3. 2. 1. 18]. This appears to suggest that tyrosinases which occur not only in melanosomes and the Golgi apparatus but also in rough and smooth surface membranes possess sugars containing sialic acid residues that can be removed by neuraminidase.
A CASE OF LICHEN AMYLOIDOSUS WITH RIEHL'S MELANOSIS‐LIKE LESION ON THE FACE
Authors: Masu Shin‐Ichi , Sato Akihiko , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

Ultrastructural studies were carried out on the patient who developed lichen amyloidosus and Riehl's melanosis‐like lesion on the legs and face, respectively. In the skin specimens from the face, there were many masses of aggregations of wavy or net‐like filaments which appeared to correspond to Civatte bodies as recognized under the light microscope at the dermo‐epidermal junction. Sometimes, an other kind of filament mass was present in the papilla. These were aggregations of straight and non‐branching filaments and were very similar to so‐called amyloid masses. These amyloid‐like masses, which seemed to be in a developmental stage, consisted of net‐like filaments as well as straight and non‐branching filaments. Therefore, the net‐like filament masses or Civatte bodies seemed to serve a particular role in the formation of these amyloid‐like filament masses. On the other hand, in the skin specimens from the leg, there were many amyloid masses in the papillae and few Civatte bodies in the dermo‐epidermal junction, but no features suggesting that Civatte bodies may serve a role in the formation of amyloid. From these observations, it may be concluded that Civatte bodies will contribute to the formation of amyloid under certain conditions like Riehl's melanosis; however, it is still uncertain whether Civatte bodies also contribute to the formation of amyloid filaments of lichen amyloidosus.
THE MORPHOLOGY AND TIME COURSE OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES INJECTED INTO THE SKIN OF RABBITS
Authors: Ueki Hiroaki , Kubo Miyoko , Nakaye Masako , Aoshima Tadahiro , Masuda Toshiki
Published: April 2015

The morphology in in vitro prepared immune complexes (I.C.) using horseradish peroxidase as antigen and their behavior in the skin of rabbits were observed under the light microscope. Both in vitro and in vivo, solubilized I.C. were demonstrated as fine granular substances, while insoluble I.C. were shown to be lumpy or large granular aggregates. Solubilized I.C. injected into the skin disappeared quickly from the skin without being accompanied by the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). Insoluble I.C. stayed in the skin longer and were phagocytosed by infiltrated mononuclear cells and PMN. Macroscopically, the former caused only slight skin edema, but the latter caused severe edema and erythema followed by induration, and also, occasionally, by necrosis.
DERMAL GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN CONCENTRATION THROUGHOUT HAIR GROWTH CYCLE OF RATS
Authors: Maekawa Yoshihiro
Published: April 2015

The dermal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of rats was measured quantitatively after plucking hair from the backs of the animals, which reinitiates their hair cycle. Mast cells present around the hair follicles were counted at each stage of the hair cycle and compared with the amount of GAG in the skin.

GAG reached its peak on the 6th day of the anagen stage and decreased during the catagen stage. In the telogen stage, it was about the same as it had been in the catagen stage. The same pattern was noted for the number of mast cells. The 0.5 M fraction in Dowex‐1 column chromatography proved to be hyaluronic acid and its concentration throughout the hair growth cycle showed strong parallels to that of total dermal GAG.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND CORRELATION OF ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODIES AND ANTI‐DNA ANTIBODIES
Authors: Deng Jau‐Shyong , Chang Jeng‐Yue , Lü Yau‐Chin
Published: April 2015

The clinical significance and correlation of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti‐DNA antibodies was studied using 142 ANA positive sera from different patients having various diseases. High titers of ANA were found briefly in systemic lupus erythematosus and sometimes in scleroderma or mixed connective tissue disease. The peripheral pattern of ANA was seen exclusively in systemic lupus erythematosus and occasionally in mixed connective tissue disease. Anti‐DNA antibodies could be found in systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, chronic active hepatitis, but a high titer of anti‐DNA (over 60 unit/ml) was present only in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, especially those having lupus nephritis. There was little correlation between ANA and anti‐DNA antibodies.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE HUMAN AXILLARY APOCRINE GLANDS
Authors: Inoue Taeko
Published: April 2015

The human axillary apocrine glands were observed by scanning electron microscopy.

The axillary apocrine glands revealed three types of apocrine secretion: macroapocine, microapocrine and intermediate apocrine.

In the macroapocrine type of secretion, a round projection, which lacked microvilli bulged up from the surface of the secretory cell. In the microapocrine type, the tips of microvilli which covered the large apocrine protrude were expanded and separated. In the intermediate apocrine type, several secretory protrubrances were formed at the luminal portion of the cell. Each protrubrance was composed of several swollen microvilli united.

Small round pores were observed on the luminal plasma membrane. They seemed to represent the state of eccrine secretion, but nothing definite was learned about their nature.

Some secretory cells had the luminal plasma membrane ruptured. They might not indicated a state of holocrine secretion, but were assumed to exhibit a deciduous phenomenon in the metabolism of secretory cells.

The cracked surfaces of secretory cells were observed to confirm the presence of nuclei and cell organelles.
A CASE OF EPITHELIOID SARCOMA
Authors: Akiyama Tomio , Honda Tetsuzo , Hori Makoto , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

A case of a 58‐year‐old man with epithelioid sarcoma is reported.

Small nodular lesions, up to 10×10 mm in diameter, were present on the scalp, face and upper arm. On chest X‐ray examination, the nodular lesions were noticed in the right upper and middle lung field.

Biopsy specimen of a scalp nodule and lung lesion showed granulomatous changes composed of irregular‐shaped eosinophilic cells with nuclear atypism, spindle‐shaped fibroblast‐like cells and a few multinucleated giant cells.

Electron microscopic examination revealed that two types of cells, dark cells and light cells, were present in the dermal lesion. The cytoplasm of the dark cell contained a large amount of dilated rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and well‐developed protocollagen. This finding suggests that the dark cell tends to differentiate towards a fibroblast. Most of light cells had some underdeveloped rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum but no filamentous elements. A few exceptional light cells have considerable rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. It therefore seems that the clear cell has a potencial for differentiation towards a histiocyte.

These findings suggest that epithelioid sarcoma cells derive from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
A CASE OF CRYPTOCOCCAL SUBCUTANEOUS ABSCESS CAUSED BY PRIMARY OSSEOUS CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Takizawa Kiyohiro , Nakagawa Hidemi , Ohhara Kuniaki
Published: April 2015

A patient with a cutaneous manifestation of primary osseous cryptococcosis is described. Statistically 35 cases of cutaneous cryptococcosis excluding this case and one case of primary osseous cryptococcosis without any skin manifestations were reported in Japan between 1955 and 1977. Of these 36 cases, metastatic osseous lesions were observed in only two cases. Each of them was disseminated cryptococcosis, however, the examination of osteolytic lesions was not shown. Therefore, to our knowledge, this is probably the first Japanese report of a case with a cutaneous lesion following to primary osseous cryptococcosis.
ORGAN CULTURE OF ADULT HUMAN SKIN
Authors: Yasuno Hirokazu , Maeda Motoaki , Sato Michiko , Nishimura Akifumi , Shimizu Chika , Miyamoto Yumiko , Sotomatsu Shigetaro
Published: April 2015

Proliferation and differentiation of the epidermis in organ culture of adult human skin by the sponge matrix method were studied histologically and autoradiographically, and the following results were obtained:

On the first day of culture, mitotic figures were already observable in the epidermis. The outgrowth of epidermal cells at the margins of the explants started. On the second day, there was transformation to a zone that will be referred to as the newly formed stratum corneum in the upper epidermis.

On the third and fourth days, the increased growth of epidermal cells caused thickening of the epidermis. Simultaneously, Malpighian cells progressively differentiated into a cornified layer.

On and after the fifth day, the basospinous cell layer was reduced in thickness in most of explants. On the ninth and tenth days, DNA synthesis in the basal layer was still obvious, although the epidermis showed a thickness of only one or two cells overlaid with a large number of horny layers.

In the culture medium supplemented with corticosteroid, the epidermal growth was slightly depressed with lessened formation of stratum corneum in the early stages of culture as compared with the explants cultured in the basic medium. The reduction of the basospinous layer was scarcely notable after the fifth day. Even after 10–11 days, epidermal cells were well preserved and their stratified squamous architecture was less disorganized. It seemed that corticosteroid could prolong the survival of adult human skin in vitro.

These findings indicate that this culture technique could be used as a model for organ culture of adult human skin.
IMMUNE COMPLEX‐BEARING POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF RABBITS WITH ACTIVE ARTHUS REACTIONS
Authors: Ueki Hiroaki , Nakaye Masako , Masuda Toshiki
Published: April 2015

Immune complex (I.C.)‐bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were examined in the peripheral blood of rabbits in which active Arthus reactions had been induced by using horseradish peroxidase as an antigen. The I.C.‐bearing PMN's appeared in the circulation 1 or 2 hours after the induction of the Arthus reactions, decreased in number gradually and generally disappeared within 72 hours. Most of these I.Cs were formed in antibody‐excess. It may be speculated that I.C. is formed in the skin and transported into the systemic circulation or that free antigens escaping from the skin might bind directly with the corresponding antibody in the circulation and form I.Cs, which were subsequently phagocytosed by circulating PMN's. I.C.‐bearing PMN's in the peripheral blood may reflect in part immune deposits in the local tissues, which have occurred in the recent past (within 1 to 3 days). In conclusion, Arthus‐type reactions should be taken into account as an important source of circulating I.C. or I.C.‐bearing PMNs.
ECCRINE POROMA
Authors: Aoki Kiyoko , Baba Shunichi , Nohara Tadashi , Suzuki Hiroyuki
Published: April 2015

A case of eccrine poroma situated on the inner surface of the right heel of a Japanese patient was studied using histochemistry and electron microscopy.

Histochemically, a strong positive reaction for Phosphorylase was observed in the lower part of the tumor. In contrast, glycogen granules were distributed in large numbers in the upper part. It is suggested that, although the tumor cells were morphologically similar, they differ from the point of view of glycogen metabolism.

On electron microscopic examination, the characteristic features were exaggerated intercellular spaces. If this marked increase was a by‐product of the fixation process, it seems to depend upon the nature of the tumor cell itself.

Clinical and pathological reports of eccrine poroma were reviewed to compare cases in Japan with those in other countries. The cases of eccrine poroma in both Japan and other countries showed similar characteristics. In particular, the cases studied resembled each other in age, sex and anatomical distribution, and also presented similar clinical features. Under light and electron microscopic examination, no particular differences could be detected.
HLA ANTIGENS IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AMONG JAPANESE
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Miki Yoshiharu , Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nakata Seizo , Matsuyama Masamichi
Published: April 2015

HLA‐typing was performed on Japanese patients with dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (DH). Only one of them showed granular deposition of IgA at dermal papillae whereas the rest showed linear IgA deposition. No statistically significant increase in the incidence of specific HLA antigen was noted. HLA‐B8 was absent in both patients and healthy controls.
DERMATOLOGIE‐SYPHILIS
Authors: Hidano A.
Published: April 2015

P. de Graciansky and M. Larrègue. 160 pages. Paris, Flammarion, 2e edition, 1980
THE ROLE OF MACROPHAGES IN INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI HISTOLOGICA
Authors: Takematsu Hideaki , Seiji Makoto
Published: April 2015

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the migration of macrophages towards the epidermis from the dermis in pigmentary incontinence, the chemotactic activities of a horny cell membrane fraction and melanosomes were measured using a modified Boyden chamber.

Horny cell membrane fraction and melanosomes showed about twice as high a chemotactic activity for macrophages than did casein. These in vitro observations suggest that, in pigmentary incontinence, migration of macrophages into the epidermis, where they phagocytize degenerated keratinocytes and melanosomes, may be one of the consecutive steps.
BATHTUB SCALDS
Authors: Abe Shigeo , Kageshita Toshiro , Ono Tomomichi
Published: April 2015

We describe a typical case, statistical observations and prevention of bathtub scalds which are on the increase in Japan. Bathtubs should be improved so that bathtub scalds can be reduced to a minimum.
AN ADULT CASE OF REACTIVE PERFORATING COLLAGENOSIS
Authors: Mohri Shinobu , Sano Tsutomu , Fukuda Shigeru
Published: April 2015

A case of reactive perforating collagenosis (RPC) is reported. The patient was a 20‐year‐old man with suspected Wegener's granulomatosis, who had asymptomatic papular lesions on his elbows. Histologically these papules were compatible with RPC. Electron microscopic studies showed masses of fine filamentous material around well‐developed histiocytes. The differentiation from collagenoma perforans verruciforme (CPV) is discussed.
DISSEMINATED ZOSTER
Authors: Nigam Pranesh , Dayal S.G. , Dubey A.L.
Published: April 2015

Chicken pox and herpes zoster are different manifestations of infection by the same viral agent, but the simultaneous occurrence of both in the same patient is uncommon. In this communication we present seven cases of concurrent herpes zoster and chicken pox. Adults were frequently involved, with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Varicelliform eruptions followed unilateral herpetic attacks within a 5–8 day interval. Milliary tuberculosis was associated in two cases and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis in one case. Fever and pain (localised to affected areas) appeared 5–7 days before (5 cases) or concomittant with the appearance of skin eruptions (2 cases). The skin lesions started with local redness followed by red papules which progressed to vesicular, pustular and crusting stages over the next two weeks. The lesions were arranged unilaterally in characteristic bandlike clusters, following radicular lines. The trigeminal nerve was involved in one case. Another patient developed Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (Facial nerve palsy) after seven days of herpetic lesions. Post‐herpetic neuralgia present in two cases was treated effectively with corticosteroids and residual post‐herpetic hyperasthesia improved gradually. Carbamezapine (Mazetol) 100–300 mg/day helped in relieving pain. Corticosteroids proved to be beneficial in reducing severity and morbidity of the disease.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE ACTIVITY IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES OF PSORIASIS AND SÉZARY'S SYNDROME
Authors: Iizuka Hajime , Koizumi Hiroko , Kimura Tetsunori , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in peripheral lymphocytes were measured in 15 normal subjects, 15 psoriatic patients, and one patient with Sézary's syndrome.

No significant differences were found in ADA activity between normal and psoriatic lymphocytes. A significant increase in ADA activity was observed in lymphocytes from the patient with Sézary's syndrome. The increased ADA activity in Sézary's syndrome was not accompanied by a change in the Km value for adenosine.

The possible significance of the elevation of ADA activity in T‐lymphocyte dysfunction was discussed.
THE ROLE OF MITE, HOUSE DUST AND CANDIDA ALLERGENS IN CHRONIC URTICARIA
Authors: Numata Tsunemi , Yamamoto Shoso , Yamura Takuso
Published: April 2015

Intradermal skin tests and in vitro antigen‐induced histamine release from leucocytes were carried out using mite, house dust and candida allergens in 49 patients with chronic urticaria in whom the cause was not identifiable from the history. None of them had other atopic diseases. Among the 49 cases, the number of patients who gave positive skin reactions to different allergens was as follows: mite, 24; house dust, 18; candida, 17. Significant histamine release from leucocytes by mite antigen was observed in 8 out of 12 patients who had 2+ or 3+ skin reactions. The present results suggest that mite, house dust and candida allergens may play a role in chronic urticaria, and especially that the mite may be one of the possible allergens in chronic urticaria.
PROLIDASE ACTIVITY DURING HEALING OF SKIN BURNS IN RATS
Authors: Umemura Shigeo , Arata Jirō , Nohara Nozomi
Published: April 2015

The activity of prolidase (Imidodipeptidase, EC 3.4.3.7.) in burned rat skin was assayed. A few days after burning, the prolidase activity in burned skin was higher than that in controls. The results showed that prolidase activity increased during wound healing.
GENERALIZED HERPES SIMPLEX
Authors: Otsuka Fujio , Niimura Michihito , Harada Shotaro , Ishibashi Yasumasa , Shishiba Takako
Published: April 2015

A 41‐year‐old Japanese man with a 11‐year history of Hailey‐Hailey's disease on his groin developed generalized herpes simplex on his groin, throat, lips and extremities which, to our knowledge, has not been previously described.

Histological examinations using light and electron microscopes showed herpes virus infection of the skin. Virus culture and serological methods revealed this case to be a primary infection of type 1 herpes simplex virus.
FIBROBLASTS AND IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Authors: Nakaye Masako , Ueki Hiroaki
Published: April 2015

Cultured human fibroblasts were incubated with in vitro‐prepared insoluble immune complexes consisting of horseradish‐peroxidase (HRP)‐anti HRP for 4, 24 or 48 hours. These incubated fibroblasts were then processed for electron microscopy. Peroxidase‐positive immune complexes were observed both on the surfaces and within the cytoplasms of the fibroblasts. However, the frequency of interiorized immune complexes or phagosomes was not high. It was speculated that, in connective tissue, fibroblasts can also adhere to and trap immune complexes in vivo, thus eliminating them from tissues under certain conditions.
FIBROBLASTS AND IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Authors: Ueki Hiroaki , Nakaye Masako
Published: April 2015

Cultured human fibroblasts of 20 passages were incubated with in vitro‐prepared complement‐fixed insoluble immune complexes for 4 or 24 hours. Three lysosomal enzymes, β‐glucuronidase, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase, were assayed in intra‐cellular and extra‐cellular samples. The three enzymes' activities were shown to increase remarkably in the intra‐cellular samples, but little in the extra‐cellular samples. These enzymes appeared to increase in or be released from the fibroblasts incubated with the immune complexes. Fibroblasts may play some role in eliminating immune complexes from the skin and in inducing inflammatory reactions.
RETINOID INHIBITS KERATIN FORMATION OF PIG SKIN EXPLANTS
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Kamigaki Katsuko , Saruta Motoji , Iizuka Hajime , Miura Yusho
Published: April 2015

Using a pig explant culture system, the effects of retinoids on keratin formation in pig epidermal cells were studied. The SDS‐PAGE patterns of keratin extracted from the outgrowing epidermis in vitro were different from those of pig epidermis in vivo. The whole pig epidermis has four major keratin bands (M.W. 65,000, 60,000, 56,000 and 51,000), while the outgrowing epidermis has three major keratin bands (M.W. 63,000, 59,000 and 52,000). The SDS‐PAGE patterns of keratin proteins extracted from the outgrowing epidermis treated with Ro 10‐1670 were markedly altered. The highest molecular protein (M.W. 63,000) found in control explant was almost entirely absent in Ro 10‐1670‐treated explants and the second band (M.W. 59,000) found in control explants was split into two minor bands (M.W. 59,000 and 58,000).

These results indicated that Ro 10‐1670 strongly modified keratin formation in vitro explant culture of pig skin.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SO‐CALLED ANGIOBLASTOMA OF THE SKIN BEFORE AND AFTER SOFT X‐RAY THERAPY
Authors: Kimura Shunji
Published: April 2015

Tissues from a two‐month‐old Japanese male infant with a typical angioblastoma of the skin on the right groin was examined by light and electron microscopy before and after soft X‐ray therapy. Before therapy, nest‐like proliferation of the tumor cells with frequent formation of vascular spaces was observed. Ultrastructurally, these tumor cells showed the morphological characteristics of vascular endothelial cells in their size, shape and usual organelles. These cells usually had an abundance of peculiar dense granules with a limiting membrane. Fibrin deposits and thrombosis with aggregations of platelets were observed in the lumina in situ. After soft X‐ray therapy with a total dose of 3,600 rads, disappearance of most of the tumor cell‐nests and prominent dilatation of the residual vessels were observed. Ultrastructurally, numbers of the vessels showed more or less degenerative and destructive changes. Vessels with ruptured endothelial cell linings, extravasated red cells, and hemosiderin deposits were also frequently observed. From these findings, it is concluded that angioblastoma of the skin should be considered as one of the benign hemangiomas of the skin, and that degenerative changes in the endothelial cells induced by irradiation are almost identical to those in other conditions.
PATHOGENESIS OF GENETIC HUMAN HAIR DISORDERS
Authors: Aoyagi Takashi , Miura Yusho , Porter Paul S.
Published: April 2015

Several distinct morphological abnormalities of hair were discussed. Most of congenital hair defects appear to be related to anatomic (defective cuticle formation) and biochemical (reduced sulfur content) properties.

The major structural hair abnormalities include defects in the cuticle, cortex and medulla. Our studies have revealed that there were defects of the cuticle in each case of a major structural hair defect.