bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missed Opportunities to Diagnose Common Variable Immunodeficiency: a Population-Based Case–Control Study Identifying Indicator Diseases for Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Dahl Christina , Petersen Inge , Ilkjær Frederik V. , Westh Lena , Katzenstein Terese L. , Hansen Ann-Brit E. , Nielsen Thyge L. , Larsen Carsten S. , Johansen Isik S. , Rasmussen Line D.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Delayed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains a serious problem. We investigated whether some diseases diagnosed during out-patient visits or admission to hospitals could act as indicator conditions for CVID diagnosis.

Methods

In this nested case–control study, we identified 128 cases diagnosed with CVID in Denmark (1999–2013) and 640 age-, gender-, and region-matched controls. We obtained data on diseases diagnosed at hospitals in the five years before CVID diagnosis from The National Hospital Registry. We grouped hospital diagnoses in 33 major disease categories and 210 subcategories. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between disease exposure and subsequent CVID.

Results

During the five years preceding a CVID diagnosis, cases had four times as many hospital contacts as the controls (p < 0.001). A diagnosis in 18 major disease categories showed a significant OR for subsequent diagnosis of CVID. The most substantial association with a subsequent CVID diagnosis was a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (OR: 29.9; 95% CI: 14.2–63.2) and lung diseases (35.1; 15.0–82.5). We observed a similar association when we removed the last year before diagnosis from analysis and overall, in the years < 1, ≥ 1–3, and ≥ 3–5 before diagnosis, although the absolute number of exposures was small. Twenty-eight specific diseases displayed an at least 3-fold risk of subsequent CVID diagnosis.

Conclusion

Targeted screening for antibody deficiency in patients diagnosed with specific diseases associated with CVID may lead to earlier CVID diagnosis and treatment and thereby potentially reduced morbidity and mortality.
Gambling Motives and Offshore Gambling: A Finnish Population Study
Authors: Hagfors Heli , Oksanen Atte , Salonen Anne H.
Published: September 2023

The rise of online gambling has drawn attention towards offshore gambling. Currently there is lack of evidence on reasons and motivations to gamble on offshore gambling sites. This study investigated the general gambling motives of onshore and offshore gamblers, and the reasons to gamble on offshore gambling sites. The study used binary logistic regression model to analyze the data from Finnish Gambling 2019 population survey including adult past-year online gamblers (n = 1,422). The validated measure for problem gambling severity (PGSI, Problem Gambling Severity Index) was used. Furthermore, data-driven qualitative analysis was used to form categories for the reasons to gamble on offshore gambling sites. Offshore gambling was more common among men and younger age groups than among women or older age groups. Offshore gamblers gambled less often for money or worthy causes than onshore gamblers. Furthermore, offshore gamblers had more different types of motives to gamble, they gambled more frequently and had higher problem gambling severity scores (PGSI) than onshore gamblers. Finally, the most common reasons to gamble offshore were: (1) larger game supply and game features, (2) benefits, bonuses, and the usability of the website, and (3) inner motivation. Offshore gambling is characterized with intensity and diversity of gambling behavior and motives, and it poses a risk especially for young men.
Postpartum Hepatitis C Linkage to Care Program in a Co-located Substance Use Disorders Treatment Model
Authors: Cheedalla Aneesha , Hinely Katherine , Roby Lauren , Hall O. Trent , Malvestutto Carlos , Rood Kara M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingly prevalent in pregnancy and among people with substance use disorders (SUD). Highly effective treatments are now available for chronic HCV. Qualifying for HCV treatment often requires preauthorization and several clinical criteria, including laboratory assessment of liver function and other infectious diseases and liver imaging to assess for fibrosis. Linkage to care (LTC) models have been shown to assist with obtaining the necessary clinical information (laboratory assessment/liver imaging) and improving HCV treatment rates in non-pregnant individuals.

Description

Beginning in December 2020, a specialized LTC team identified patients with HCV viremia who were interested in postpartum treatment. The LTC team assisted patients with completing the necessary clinical criteria (laboratory assessment and liver imaging) for HCV treatment. Patients were then linked to infectious disease specialists who prescribed treatment to patients via telemedicine. Most patients identified with HCV were enrolled in our institution’s co-located obstetric and SUD program, which provides continued care until 1 year postpartum.

Assessment

In 2019, an internal review identified that none of the 26 pregnant patients with HCV viremia in our co-located obstetric and SUD program were prescribed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment within 12 months postpartum. Between December 2020 and July 2022, our HCV LTC team identified 34 patients with HCV who were eligible for treatment. Of these patients, 55% (19/34) obtained all necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements and 79% (15/19) were prescribed DAA treatment after a telehealth visit with an infectious disease specialist. All fifteen patients who were prescribed treatment participated in the co-located obstetric and SUD program. The largest barrier to obtaining treatment was completing the necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements for prescribing DAA. Only one patient who did not receive care in our co-located obstetric and SUD program had completed the necessary laboratory and liver imaging requirements to proceed with treatment but did not follow up with the infectious disease specialist for DAA treatment.

Conclusion

Our HCV LTC program was successful in treating postpartum patients for HCV if they participated in the co-located obstetric and SUD program at our institution. Creating a partnership with an infectious disease specialist and utilizing telemedicine were beneficial strategies to connect patients to treatment for HCV during the postpartum period.
Snake species classification using deep learning techniques
Authors: Ahmed Kareem , Gad Mai A. , Aboutabl Amal Elsayed
Published: September 2023

Incorrect snake identification from the observable visual traits is a major reason of death resulting from snake bites. The classification of snake species has a significant role in determining the appropriate treatment without any delay, the delay may cause dangerous complications or lead to the death of the victim. The difficulty of classifying snakes by human lies in the variations of snake pattern based on geographic variation and age, the intraclass variance is high for specific classes and the interclass variance is low among others, and there may be two remarkably similar types in shape, with one being toxic and the other not. The limitation of the experts’ number in the herpetology and their geographical distribution leads us to the importance of using deep learning in the snake species classification. A model to classify snake species accately is proposed in this study. It is divided into two main processes, detecting the salient object by applying Salient Object Detection (SOD) model based on VGG16 architecture is the first process, the presence of snakes in places with a complex background led to the necessity of separating the salient object, then the classification model is applied with use of image augmentations parameters which improved the results. Four CNN models were used in the classification process including VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet121. Different experiments on 5,10,16,20, 22, and 45 number of classes and different models were conducted, and the model achieved unprecedented results. The results indicated that the VGG16, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV2 have achieved superior results in the same order from highest to lowest accuracy. The best accuracy is achieved using VGG16 architecture with accuracy 97.09% when using 45 number of classes.
The Role of Richard Hakluyt’s The Principall Nauigations (1589) in the Introduction and Dissemination of Spanish Loanwords in the English Language
Authors: von der Fecht-Fernández Sara , Rodríguez-Álvarez Alicia
Published: September 2023

Richard Hakluyt’s Principall Nauigations (1589) was a landmark in the history of English travel literature which compiled and glorified the naval deeds and expeditions undertaken by the English throughout the world. This article focuses on the third volume of Hakluyt’s compilation devoted to America which gathers first-hand accounts describing the way of life and the natural environment of the new territories conquered and populated by the Spaniards. The incorporation in these texts of almost 100 borrowings from Spanish to designate elements related to sea voyages and experiences in the Spanish colonies has raised the following research questions: What kind of terms were most likely to be introduced? And, given that these Spanish terms were unfamiliar to English readers, did the authors resort to any kind of strategy to explain the meaning of the new words? This article will address these questions by setting the following objectives. (i) to compile an inventory of the Spanish terms that have been incorporated into the English texts; (ii) to classify these terms according to the lexical fields they refer to; (iii) to analyse how the meaning of these new words is explained to English readers.
Border-independent multi-functional, multi-hazard exposure modelling in Alpine regions
Authors: Pittore M. , Campalani P. , Renner K. , Plörer M. , Tagliavini F.
Published: September 2023

Extreme hydrometeorological events such as the 2018 Vaia storm increasingly threaten alpine regions with multiple hazards often compounded and with cascading effects. Currently available risk assessment and prevention tools may therefore prove inadequate, particularly for transborder and vulnerable mountain areas, calling for comprehensive multi-hazard and transdisciplinary approaches. In particular, the exposed assets should not anymore be considered a sheer collection of static items, but the models should also reflect functional features. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to multi-hazard exposure modelling including both static and functional components. The model is based on a homogeneous planar tessellation composed of hexagonal cells and a graph-like structure which describes the functional connections among the cells. To exemplify the methodology, a combination of static (buildings, protective forests), dynamic (population) and functional (road-based transport system) components has been considered together, targeting a ca. 10,000 km2region across Italy and Austria. A cell-based aggregation at 250 m resolution and an innovative graph-based simplification allow for a good trade-off between the complexity of the model and its computational efficiency for risk-related applications. Furthermore, aggregation ensures protection of sensitive data at a scale still useful for civil protection. The resulting model can be used for different applications including scenario-based risk analysis and numeric simulation, probabilistic risk assessment, impact forecasting and early warning.
Prediction and suppression of chaos following flutter in wind turbines
Authors: Meehan Paul A.
Published: September 2023

Chaotic motion in a fluttering wind turbine blade is investigated by the development of an efficient analytical predictive model that is then used to suppress the phenomenon. Flutter is a dynamic instability of an elastic structure in a fluid, such as an airfoil section of a wind turbine blade. It is presently modelled using generalised two degree of freedom coupled modes of a blade airfoil section (pitch and plunge) combined with local unsteady aerodynamics, based on flutter derivatives and a continuous bilinear lift curve under damping. The mode coupling causes instability and limit cycle flutter due to a Hopf bifurcation. Following the critical flutter speed, the response can transition to chaos through successive other bifurcations like period doubling. New closed-form conservative analytical conditions for chaos following blade flutter are identified and discussed for the wind turbine section taking into account the blade geometry and optimal design of the wind turbine. These predictions are numerically verified for a range of conditions including stall slope and damping. The results confirm that chaos following blade flutter can occur due to nonlinearities in the aerodynamics, i.e. due to a bilinear lift law. This phenomenon is then suppressed to unrealistically high wind speeds and/or eliminated by quantified variation of system parameters using the predictive model. The results show that small changes in tip speed ratio (−15%), and stall slope factor (−17%) can eliminate or suppress chaos following flutter, while, in general, larger magnitude changes in dynamic parameters (i.e. mass, inertia > 81%, stiffness > 97%, damping > 100%) are required to achieve the same, by detuning the coupled plunge and pitch natural frequencies or damping out overlapping parametric resonances. These results also highlight that the analytical predictions can remarkably be generalized to any parameter set and provide almost instantaneous calculations representing many thousands of numerical simulations from many bifurcation diagrams (computational acceleration factor of 107 times). General insight is also provided into the occurrence and suppression of airfoil chaos following flutter in aeroelastic structures like wind turbines.
A comparison of methods for the calculation of all the key points of the PV single-diode model including a new algorithm for the maximum power point
Authors: Toledo F. Javier , Galiano Vicente , Herranz Victoria , Blanes Jose M. , Batzelis Efstratios
Published: September 2023

In this paper we describe and compare the methods for the calculation of all the key points of the photovoltaic single-diode model. These include the short-circuit point, the open-circuit point, the maximum power point, the mean slope point, the maximum curvature point, and the jerk point. The main contribution of this paper is a new algorithm to obtain the maximum power point which is based on reducing its computation to solve a single-variable equation. Its unique solution leads to an explicit expression of the point by using a recent parametrization of the single-diode model current–voltage curve. In the numerical resolution of the previous equation, we will use as starting point the mean slope point which has been proved to be close to the maximum power point. Previously, we will provide for the first time in the literature an exact and explicit expression of the mean slope point. The new algorithm proposed reaches the accuracy of the best known numerical methods, but it is much faster, almost reaching the execution times of explicit formulas.
Size matters: the use and misuse of statistical significance in discrete choice models in the transportation academic literature
Authors: Parady Giancarlos , Axhausen Kay W.
Published: September 2023

In this paper we review the academic transportation literature published between 2014 and 2018 to evaluate where the field stands regarding the use and misuse of statistical significance in empirical analysis, with a focus on discrete choice models. Our results show that 39% of studies explained model results exclusively based on the sign of the coefficient, 67% of studies did not distinguish statistical significance from economic, policy or scientific significance in their conclusions, and none of the reviewed studies considered the statistical power of the tests. Based on these results we put forth a set of recommendations aimed at shifting the focus away from statistical significance towards proper and comprehensive assessment of effect magnitudes and other policy relevant quantities.
Lift Every Voice: Engaging Black Adolescents in Social Justice Service-Learning to Promote Mental Health and Educational Equity
Authors: Dinizulu Sonya Mathies , Velez Gabriel M. , Morency Mirinda , Jacobson Kristen , Moore Kelsey , Carter Nichole , Frazier Stacy L.
Published: September 2023

This study reports on the feasibility and acceptability of a social justice infused service-learning (S-L) program to promote Black adolescent mental health and educational equity. We convened a community advisory board to help adapt and pilot test, via open trial mixed method design, an evidence-based service-learning program for Black middle school adolescents (n = 21) attending summer camp at a faith-based setting. We describe a S-L curriculum, with a focus on the achievement gap, and training for church staff and assess staff and youth reports of feasibility, acceptability, and promise to (a) improve/engage psychological engagement targets, and (b) improve academic motivation, and social-emotional and behavioral outcomes. Mixed method findings revealed high feasibility and acceptability of the S-L intervention as indicated by consistent attendance and enthusiastic engagement by staff and youth, high satisfaction, high completion rates of planned sessions, and emergent qualitative themes from staff interviews and adolescent focus groups highlighting that service-learning (1) facilitated skills (e.g., goal-setting, social-emotional and behavioral regulation, and problem-solving), (2) shaped perspectives and inspired openness, and (3) created a space for all to feel valued and included to address the inequities of education that directly impacted them. There was preliminary evidence for efficacy in that youth report of emotional symptoms, peer problems, and staff report of general internalizing symptoms decreased following the intervention, while youth report of prosocial behaviors increased. Implications suggest that S-L programming demonstrates promise to promote mental health outcomes, raise social awareness, and inspire critical consciousness and lift the voices of Black youth by providing tools for working toward systemic changes to reduce inequities in both education and mental health.
Sedition or Mere Dissent? Linguistic Analysis of a Political Slogan
Authors: Leung Janny H. C.
Published: September 2023

This paper reports the first case in which a linguist served as an expert witness in Hong Kong, a former British colony that has operated as a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1997. The dispute was on the meaning of the political slogan “Liberate Hong Kong, Revolution of Our Times”, which was widely adopted during the 2019–2020 protests. The keywords “liberate” and “revolution” are smoking gun evidence for the prosecution in a large cluster of cases that involve sedition law and national security offences. Section I of the paper provides background information about a case the author was involved in, which was concerned with whether the slogan was seditious. Section II describes the analysis conducted, which concludes that the slogan as a whole refers to a need to rectify a problem and to return to the original, a more desirable state of affairs for Hong Kong, without specifying what problem there is and what the desirable state of affairs looks like. Section III highlights some critical issues in the analysis, discussing challenges faced and ethical questions for the expert witness. Section IV is a postscript that briefly describes the outcome of the case.
Turbulent Processes and Mean-Field Dynamo
Authors: Brandenburg Axel , Elstner Detlef , Masada Youhei , Pipin Valery
Published: September 2023

Mean-field dynamo theory has important applications in solar physics and galactic magnetism. We discuss some of the many turbulence effects relevant to the generation of large-scale magnetic fields in the solar convection zone. The mean-field description is then used to illustrate the physics of the$\alpha $αeffect, turbulent pumping, turbulent magnetic diffusivity, and other effects on a modern solar dynamo model. We also discuss how turbulence transport coefficients are derived from local simulations of convection and then used in mean-field models.
Stellar Activity Cycles
Authors: Jeffers Sandra V. , Kiefer René , Metcalfe Travis S.
Published: September 2023

The magnetic field of the Sun is generated by internal dynamo process with a cyclic period of 11 years or a 22 year magnetic cycle. The signatures of the Sun’s magnetic cycle are observed in the different layers of its atmosphere and in its internal layers. In this review, we use the same diagnostics to understand the magnetic cycles of other stars with the same internal structure as the Sun. We review what is currently known about mapping the surface magnetic fields, chromospheric and coronal indicators, cycles in photometry and asteroseismology. We conclude our review with an outlook for the future.
Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in different pig breeds fed raw, sprouted, or roasted (Vigna unguiculata) diets
Authors: Lubisi M. W. , Baloyi J. J. , Fushai F.
Published: September 2023

The study examined effects of feeding iso-nutrient (150 g CP, 17.3 MJ ME kg−1) raw (RCP), sprouted (SPC), or roasted (RSCP) cowpea diets to Windsnyer (W), Large White (LW) × Landrace (LR), and the 3-way crossbred (W × LW × LR) growing pigs. Diet dry matter (DM) digestibility was estimated using standard, 3-step (gastric, small intestines, colon) in vitro digestion. Dietary in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were evaluated using 3 weaned pigs of each genotype. Pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. The diets were assigned to pigs in a 3 × 3 change-over factorial experiment within three balanced, 3 × 3 Latin squares. Feeding periods consisted of 7 days adaption + 5 days’ measurement of feed intake, and the total faecal and urine excretions. The SPC diet increased step 3 in vitro DM digestibility compared to RSCP (P < 0.05). Metabolic size-scaled feed consumption was higher on the RCP compared to the RSCP diet (P < 0.05). Cowpea processing reduced apparent DM and ash digestibility (P < 0.05). LW × LR pigs exhibited lower digestibility of ash and acid detergent fiber (ADF) compared to 3-way crossbred pigs (P < 0.05). Significant genotype-diet interactions were observed for nitrogen intake (P < 0.0001), digestible nitrogen (P = 0.043), urinary nitrogen output (P < 0.0001), faecal nitrogen output (P < 0.0001), total nitrogen excretion (P < 0.0001), and nitrogen retention (P < 0.001). The biological value of feed protein was higher for W pigs than 3-way crossbred pigs (P < 0.05). Genotype-diet interactions suggested unique digestive and, or metabolic adaptive traits in the utilization of the differently processed cowpeas, which need further investigation.
Dietary supplementation of low levels of unprocessed Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal induces mild antinutritional entero-physio-metabolic perturbations without compromising performance and meat quality in finisher broilers
Authors: Zungu Pretty Ntombizethu , Mthiyane Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla , Mazibuko-Mbeje Sithandiwe Eunice , Ogwuegbu Mercy Chisara
Published: September 2023

The rapidly growing world human population accentuates the need for improved production especially of protein-rich food. Broiler meat production offers opportunity to ensure security of this food. However, the production of modern broilers is not only limited by high feed costs due to dietary use of expensive energy and protein sources but also their meat possesses undesirable quality attributes. This study thus examined the effect of dietary Mucuna pruriens utilis seed meal (MSM) on growth performance, blood profile, carcass traits, and meat quality in finisher broiler chickens. In a completely randomised design (CRD), 320 21-day-old chicks were randomly allocated to 32 pens in which they were allotted 4 dietary treatments with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% MSM, each with 8 replicate pens of 10 birds, for 28 days. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs, haemato-biochemistry, and meat quality were measured. Results showed that dietary MSM did not affect (P > 0.05) broiler performance, weights, and lengths of carcass cuts and internal organs, haematology, and meat quality. The only exception was MSM-induced increase in duodenal weight (linear, P < 0.05) and serum phosphorus (quadratic, P = 0.05) in contrast to a decrease in procalcitonin (quadratic, P < 0.01) and serum levels of total protein (linear, P < 0.05; and quadratic, P < 0.01), albumin (quadratic, P < 0.05), and bilirubin (quadratic, P = 0.001). Therefore, MSM could be supplemented up to 10% without compromising performance, carcass traits, internal organs, haemato-biochemistry, and meat quality in finisher broiler diets.
Instruction in creative and argumentative writing: transfer and crossover effects on writing process and text quality
Authors: ten Peze Anouk , Janssen Tanja , Rijlaarsdam Gert , van Weijen Daphne
Published: September 2023

To investigate whether a creative writing unit in upper secondary education would improve students’ creative as well as argumentative text quality and to examine whether it would change students’ writing behavior, we tested a creative writing unit based on encouraging writing in flow by using divergent thinking tasks. Four classes (Grade 10) participated in a switching replications design. Students received either creative writing instruction (CWI) or argumentative writing instruction (AWI). Key stroke logging software recorded students’ writing processes, their Creative Self-Concept (CSC) was measured, and text quality was rated holistically. Students were positive about the design of the creative writing unit and the lessons. The effects varied per panel. The first panel showed that CWI had an effect on creative text quality compared to AWI, while AWI had no effect on argumentative text quality, compared to CWI. This pattern indicates a transfer effect of creative writing instruction on argumentative text quality. The transfer effect was moderated by CSC, with larger effects for relatively high CSC-participants. The second panel did not replicate this pattern. Instead, a crossover effect was observed of CWI in panel 1 on the effect of participating in the unit on argumentative writing in panel 2, most pronounced in high CSC-participants. Students’ creative writing speed decreased in the first panel, except for students with a relatively high Creative Self-Concept, and then increased in the second panel. Our findings may guide decisions on incorporating creative writing in the curriculum.
Effect of mandibular advancement splint therapy on cardiac autonomic function in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ucak Seren , Dissanayake Hasthi U. , Sutherland Kate , Bin Yu Sun , de Chazal Philip , Cistulli Peter A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mandibular advancement splint (MAS) therapy on cardiac autonomic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.

Methods

Electrocardiograms (ECG) derived from polysomnograms (PSG) of three prospective studies were used to study HRV of patients with OSA before and after MAS treatment. HRV parameters were averaged across the entire ECG signal during N2 sleep using 2-min epochs shifted by 30 s. Paired t-tests were used to compare PSG and HRV measures before and after treatment, and the percent change in HRV measures was regressed on the percent change in apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Results

In 101 patients with OSA, 72% were Caucasian, 54% men, the mean age was 56 ± 11 years, BMI 29.8 ± 5.3 kg/m2, and treatment duration was 4.0 ± 3.2 months. After MAS therapy, there was a significant reduction in OSA severity (AHI, − 18 ± 16 events per hour, p < 0.001) and trends towards increased low-frequency to high-frequency ratio, low-frequency power, and reduced high-frequency power (LF:HF, − 0.4 ± 1.5, p = 0.01; LF, − 3 ± 16 nu, p = 0.02, HF, 3.5 ± 13.7 nu, p = 0.01). Change in NN intervals correlated with the change in AHI (β(SE) =  − 2.21 (0.01), t =  − 2.85, p = 0.005). No significant changes were observed in the time-domain HRV markers with MAS treatment.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that successful MAS treatment correlates with changes in HRV, specifically the lengthening of NN intervals, a marker for improved cardiac autonomic adaptability.
Hunger games search optimization with deep learning model for sustainable supply chain management
Authors: Xu Zheng , Jain Deepak Kumar , Neelakandan S. , Abawajy Jemal
Published: September 2023

The supply chain network is one of the most important areas of focus in the majority of business circumstances. Blockchain technology is a feasible choice for secure information sharing in a supply chain network. Despite the fact that maintaining security at all levels of the blockchain is difficult, cryptographic methods are commonly used in existing works. Effective supply chain management (SCM) offers various benefits to organizations, such as enhanced customer satisfaction, increased operational efficiency, competitive advantage, and cost reduction. Potential SCM for agricultural and food supply chains needs distributors, coordination and collaboration among farmers, retailers, and stakeholders. The use of technology like Block Chain (BC), sensors, and data analytics, can boost traceability and visibility, decrease waste, and ensure safety and quality throughout the supply chain. Therefore, this study develops a Hunger Games Search Optimization with Deep Learning Model for Sustainable agricultural and food Supply Chain Management (HGSODL-ASCM) technique. The fundamental goal of the HGSODL-ASCM technique is to improve decision-making processes for agricultural and food commodity production and storage in order to optimise revenue. In the provided HGSODL-ASCM technique, a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model is built to determine the amount of productivity and storage required to maximise profit. In order to boost the performance of the Bi-LSTM classification process, the HGSO algorithm has been utilized in this work. The presented HGSODL-ASCM technique can independently achieve the SCM policies via interaction with complicated and adaptive environments. A brief set of simulations were performed to ensure the improved performance of the HGSODL-ASCM technique. The simulation results demonstrated how superior the HGSODL-ASCM method is to other methods already in use.
Physical properties of defatted and extruded black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae-based aqua-feed using a twin-screw extruder
Authors: Edah Bernard , Owolabi Olufemi David
Published: September 2023

A twin-screw hot extrusion processing study was performed using defatted black soldier fly larvae (DBSFL) meal as a complete substitute for Danish fishmeal (DFM) in the production of aqua-feed. The defatting process of full-fat black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reduced its crude fat content by 60%. This was mixed together with other ingredients (soybean meal, cassava flour, vitamin and mineral mix, vitamin C, and anti-mold) to formulate a fish diet containing 40% crude protein. The moisture content of the formulated mixture was 300 g/kg prior to extrusion. The extruder feeder motor speed, main motor speed and cutter motor speed were set at 210, 300 and 700 rpm respectively. Results show a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the crude protein (CP) content of DBSFL meal when compared with full-fat BSFL meal with values of 51.83 ± 0.03 and 47.44 ± 0.2 respectively. However, CP values of the DBSFL meal were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those obtained for DFM with values of 51.83 ± 0.03 and 72.13 ± 0.18 respectively. The physical properties of extruded floating pellets showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between DFM-based extrudates and DBSFL-based extrudates in terms of expansion ratio (ER), sinking velocity (SV), Unit density (UD), bulk density (BD), and pellet durability. However, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in terms of floatability, moisture content and water absorption index (WAI). It was concluded that, the extrusion of DBSFL-based pellets compared favourably with DFM-based extruded pellets thus, the processing of full-fat BSFL into DBSFL meal makes the latter suitable for extrusion purposes and appropriate in the production of good quality floating feed pellets desired by fish farmers and suitable for feeding fish.
Affective Bodily Awareness
Authors: Vignemont Frédérique de
Published: September 2023

Most accounts of bodily self-awareness focus on its sensory and agentive dimensions, tracking the origins of our special relationship with our own body in the way we gain information about it and in the way we act with it. However, they often neglect a fundamental dimension of our subjective bodily life, namely, its affective dimension. This Element will discuss bodily self-awareness through the filter of its affective significance. It is organized around four core themes: (i) the relationship between bodily awareness and action in instrumental and protective contexts, (ii) the motivational role of pain and interoception, (iii) the sense of bodily ownership and its relation to the value of the body for survival, and (iv) bodily anchoring in peripersonal and egocentric awareness. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Frontline Crisis Response
Authors: Kalkman Jori P.
Published: September 2023

Frontline crisis response is challenging. Emergency responders, soldiers, and humanitarian aid workers all operate at the frontlines of threatening, uncertain crisis situations on a daily basis. Under intense pressure, they need to make a range of difficult decisions: to follow preexisting plans or improvise; to abide by top-down instructions or take discretionary actions; to get emotionally involved or keep a rational distance? These dilemmas define their work but, until now, have not been subjected to systematic investigation. This book conducts in-depth studies of eleven such dilemmas by integrating a wide array of research findings on crisis response operations. The comprehensive overview of crisis response research shows how frontline responders deal with these dilemmas amidst the chaos of crises and forms the basis for the formulation of a theory of frontline crisis response. As such, this book will undoubtedly help to understand, evaluate, and advance crisis response operations.
Inductive Reasoning Involving Social Kinds
Authors: EMERICK BARRETT , HILDEBRAND TYLER
Published: September 2023

Most social policies cannot be defended without making inductive inferences. For example, consider certain arguments for racial profiling and affirmative action, respectively. They begin with statistics about crime or socioeconomic indicators. Next, there is an inductive step in which the statistic is projected from the past to the future. Finally, there is a normative step in which a policy is proposed as a response in the service of some goal—for example, to reduce crime or to correct socioeconomic imbalances. In comparison to the normative step, the inductive step of a policy defense may seem trivial. We argue that this is not so. Satisfying the demands of the inductive step is difficult, and doing so has important but underappreciated implications for the normative step. In this paper, we provide an account of induction in social contexts and explore its implications for policy. Our account helps to explain which normative principles we ought to accept, and as a result it can explain why it is acceptable to make inferences involving race in some contexts (e.g., in defense of affirmative action) but not in others (e.g., in defense of racial profiling).
Cost–Benefit Analysis of an “Average” Professional Sports Team or Stadium in the United States
Authors: Sepulveda Cristian F.
Published: September 2023

Professional sports teams commonly reevaluate their location decisions based on the prospect of building new, more attractive, stadiums. Even though a large economic literature warns about the modest (and possibly negative) effects on the local economy of hosting a professional sports team, the economic effects of professional teams and stadiums remain blurry for the general public, and cities in the United States continue to compete to lure teams with generous public subsidies. This article integrates several contributions of the literature into one cohesive and simple framework based on cost–benefit analysis, and provides estimations of the average local economic effects of teams in the four biggest professional leagues in the United States. If professional sports games do not attract visitors from other cities, or if players and owners do not spend a significant share of their income in the area, hosting a team can negatively affect the local economy.
A quasi-linear model of particle, momentum and heat transport in a stochastic magnetic field
Authors: Zanca P. , Predebon I. , Paccagnella R. , Sattin F.
Published: September 2023

We present a quasi-linear treatment of the drift-kinetic equation in the presence of a stochastic magnetic field, which provides a self-contained description of particle, parallel momentum and heat transport. Explicit analytical expressions, which satisfy the Onsager reciprocal relations, are obtained by approximating the distribution function by a local shifted Maxwellian. This theory completes previous formulations (Harvey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 47, 1981, p. 102) by including the momentum transport and by generalizing the derivation from the cylindrical tokamak configuration to an arbitrary cylindrical pinch. Application to the reversed field pinch provides satisfactory results.
Compositionality in visual perception
Authors: Hafri Alon , Green E. J. , Firestone Chaz
Published: September 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al.'s wide-ranging defense of the Language of Thought Hypothesis (LoTH) argues that vision traffics in abstract, structured representational formats. We agree: Vision, like language, is compositional – just as words compose into phrases, many visual representations contain discrete constituents that combine in systematic ways. Here, we amass evidence extending this proposal, and explore its implications for how vision interfaces with the rest of the mind.
Representational structures only make their mark over time: A case from memory
Authors: Aronowitz Sara
Published: September 2023

Memory structures range across the dimensions that distinguish language-like thought. Recent work suggests agent- or situation-specific information is embedded in these structures. Understanding why this is, and pulling these structures apart, requires observing what happens under major changes. The evidence presented for the language-of-thought (LoT) does not look broadly enough across time to capture the function of representational structure.
Never not the best: LoT and the explanation of person-level psychology
Authors: Antony Louise
Published: September 2023

As Quilty-Dunn et al. observe, the language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) has fallen out of favor in philosophy. I will support the arguments made for its rehabilitation by Quilty-Dunn et al. by reviewing old, but still potent arguments for LoTH, and briefly criticizing recent proposed alternatives to LoT, such as Frances Egan's deflationism and Eric Schwitzgebel's dispositionalism, revealing inadequacies in such antirepresentational, antisyntactic theories.
Toward biologically plausible artificial vision
Authors: Westfall Mason
Published: September 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al. argue that deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) optimized for image classification exemplify structural disanalogies to human vision. A different kind of artificial vision – found in reinforcement-learning agents navigating artificial three-dimensional environments – can be expected to be more human-like. Recent work suggests that language-like representations substantially improves these agents’ performance, lending some indirect support to the language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH).
Is core knowledge in the format of LOT?
Authors: Xu Fei
Published: September 2023

Object individuation provides a test case for the claim that infants already have a prelinguistic language-of-thought (LOT). By 12 months, infants represent several sortal-kinds: Object, agent, animate, and perhaps artifact. Infants have also encountered many words for object kinds, animals, people, and artifacts, therefore it remains a viable hypothesis that language learning may play a causal role in the acquisition of sortal-kinds, contra Quilty-Dunn et al.
A language of episodic thought?
Authors: Mahr Johannes B. , Schacter Daniel L.
Published: September 2023

We propose that episodic thought (i.e., episodic memory and imagination) is a domain where the language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) could be fruitfully applied. On the one hand, LoTH could explain the structure of what is encoded into and retrieved from long-term memory. On the other, LoTH can help make sense of how episodic contents come to play such a large variety of different cognitive roles after they have been retrieved.
Language-of-thought hypothesis: Wrong, but sometimes useful?
Authors: Roskies Adina L. , Allen Colin
Published: September 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al. maintain that language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) is the best game in town. We counter that LoTH is merely one source of models – always wrong, sometimes useful. Their reasons for liking LoTH are compatible with the view that LoTH provides a sometimes pragmatically useful level of abstraction over processes and mechanisms that fail to fully live up to LoT requirements.
Concept learning in a probabilistic language-of-thought. How is it possible and what does it presuppose?
Authors: Colombo Matteo
Published: September 2023

Where does a probabilistic language-of-thought (PLoT) come from? How can we learn new concepts based on probabilistic inferences operating on a PLoT? Here, I explore these questions, sketching a traditional circularity objection to LoT and canvassing various approaches to addressing it. I conclude that PLoT-based cognitive architectures can support genuine concept learning; but, currently, it is unclear that they enjoy more explanatory breadth in relation to concept learning than alternative architectures that do not posit any LoT.
Evidence for LoTH: Slim pickings
Authors: Pereplyotchik David
Published: September 2023

In this commentary, I contend that a representative sample of the arguments in the target article miss the mark. In particular, the interface problem provides no warrant for positing similarities between representational formats, and the evidence from neurocognitive, animal, and behavioral studies is inconclusive at best. Finally, I raise doubts about whether the authors' central hypothesis is falsifiable.
The language of tactile thought
Authors: Cheng Tony
Published: September 2023

The target article argues that language-of-thought hypothesis (LoTH) is applicable to various domains, including perception. However, it focusses exclusively on the visual case, which is limited in this regard. I argue for two ideas in this commentary: first, their case can be extended to other modalities such as touch; and second, the status of those six criteria needs to be further clarified.
The language-of-thought hypothesis as a working hypothesis in cognitive science
Authors: Quilty-Dunn Jake , Porot Nicolas , Mandelbaum Eric
Published: September 2023

The target article attempted to draw connections between broad swaths of evidence by noticing a common thread: Abstract, symbolic, compositional codes, that is, language-of-thoughts (LoTs). Commentators raised concerns about the evidence and offered fascinating extensions to areas we overlooked. Here we respond and highlight the many specific empirical questions to be answered in the next decade and beyond.
In Defence of the Concept of Mental Illness
Authors: Chappell Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2023

Many worry about the over-medicalisation of mental illness, and some even argue that we should abandon the term mental illness altogether. Yet, this is a commonly used term in popular discourse, in policy making, and in research. In this paper I argue that if we distinguish between disease, illness, and sickness (where illness refers to the first-personal, subjective experience of the sufferer), then the concept of mental illness is a useful way of understanding a type of human experience, inasmuch as the term is (i) apt or accurate, (ii) a useful hermeneutical resource for interpreting and communicating experience, and (iii) can be a good way for at least some of us to establish a liveable personal identity within our culture.
Diverse Origins of Gases From Mud Volcanoes and Seeps in Tectonically Fragmented Terrane
Authors: Lin Yueh‐Ting , Rumble Douglas , Young Edward D. , Labidi Jabrane , Tu Tzu‐Hsuan , Chen Jhen‐Nien , Pape Thomas , Bohrmann Gerhard , Lin Saulwood , Lin Li‐Hung , Wang Pei‐Ling
Published: September 2023

Identification of methane origins remains a challenging work as current diagnostic signals are often not sufficient to resolve individual formation and post‐formation processes. To address such a knowledge gap in a tectonically active and fragmented terrain, samples from mud volcanoes, gas seeps, and springs distributed along structural features onshore and offshore of Taiwan were analyzed for their isotopic compositions of methane, nitrogen, helium, dissolved inorganic carbon, CO2, and water. Our analyses yielded Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2 values ranging between +1.9‰ and +7.8‰ and between +3.0‰ and +19.9‰, respectively. A portion of the samples were characterized by values that represent the thermodynamic equilibrium at temperatures of 99°–260°C. These temperature estimates, together with the bulk isotopic compositions and local geothermal gradients (25°–30°C/km), suggest that methane was formed by thermal maturation of organic matter at depths of 2–9 km below the land surface and channeled upward along faults. Other samples were found to deviate from equilibrium by varying degrees. Considering the geological background, helium isotopic ratios, and nitrogen isotopologue compositions, and methanogens detected at some sites, these gases are either abiotic in origin or a mixture of microbial and thermogenic sources. Regardless of whether the equilibrium of methane isotopologues was reached, few sites hosted by sedimentary formations were characterized by mantle‐like helium signatures, indicating decoupled origins and potential degassing of helium from the relic igneous source. Overall, these results suggest the extraction of methane and other gases from multiple depths from strata fragmented by fault displacement in an active orogenic belt.
Flowing Crust Pushes Faults on Their Backs
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: September 2023

Puzzlingly shallow faults in western T�rkiye are likely getting a boost from below.
The Dos and Don’ts of Peer Reviewing
Authors: Ramil Meghan , Micucci Chris , Thirumalai Kaustubh
Published: September 2023

Guidelines for writing constructive and respectful reviews that foster learning and scientific advancement without discouraging authors.