bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The moderating role of information processing speed in the relationship between brain remodeling and episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ma Jie , Lu Juan‐Juan , Wu Jia‐Jia , Xiang Yun‐Ting , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Hua Xu‐Yun , Xu Jian‐Guang
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

The role of information processing speed (IPS) on relationships between episodic memory (EM) and central remodeling features in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) was investigated.

METHODS

Neuropsychological evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 48 patients diagnosed with aMCI and 50 healthy controls (HC). Moderation models explored the moderating effect of IPS on associations between EM and imaging features at single‐region, connectivity, and network levels.

RESULTS

IPS significantly enhanced the positive correlations between recall and cortical thickness of left inferior temporal gyrus. IPS also notably amplified negative correlations between recognition and functional connectivity (FC) of left inferior parietal lobe and right occipital, as well as between recall/recognition and nodal clustering coefficient of left anterior cingulate cortex.

DISCUSSION

IPS functioned as a moderator of associations between recall and neuroimaging metrics at the “single region‐connectivity‐network” level, providing new insights for cognitive rehabilitation in aMCI patients.

Highlights

aMCI patients exhibited brain functional and structural remodeling alterations.

IPS moderated relations between episodic memory and brain remodeling metrics.

Therapy targeted at IPS can be considered for improving episodic memory in aMCI.
Luminescent TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized from Mollugo Oppositifolia and Trianthema Portulacastrum for dye degradation, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties
Authors: Sampathkumar Natarajan , Swetharanyam Aanthaparavasar , Arul Velusamy , Jayakumar Seenan , Mutharaian Velankadu Natrayan , Devanesan Sandhanasamy , Mythili R. , Balasankar Athinarayanan , Nivetha Sherlin
Published: August 2024

In modern times, nanoparticles have materialized as indispensable things in contemporary medicine, with a variety of uses in clinical, drug and gene conveyance. In the present study, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) prepared from the leaf extracts of Mollugooppositifolia and Trianthema portulacastrum were compared with the chemical TiO2‐NPs for antibacterial and antioxidant activities and environment‐friendly nature through various tools like the UV‐visible, X‐ray diffraction with the aid of other analytical techniques like HR‐TEM, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. The morphology of green TiO2‐NPs is found to be spherical, which is supported by HR‐TEM images. FT‐IR analyses and X‐ray diffraction data ensure that the polycrystalline characters of TiO2‐NPs alike to the presence of metal oxide. TiO2‐NPs showed a possible photocatalytic activity for the ruin of acid black 1 dye after disclosure to sunlight. The chemical and green methods of TiO2‐NPs have acid black 1 dye decomposition rates of 86.66% and 94.33%, respectively. The synthesized TiO2‐NPs are also assessed for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Green TiO2‐NPs exhibit antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 + 0.56 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (16 + 0.24 mm) at concentrations as low as 100 μL. The green TiO2‐NPs showed high inhibition of DPPH I radical (50 μg/m) at 95.17 ± 21. Therefore, TiO2‐NPs represent eco‐friendly properties that aid in the degradation of dyes due to their antioxidant activity.
Religion and spirituality in therapeutic training in the UK: A survey of current and recent trainees
Authors: Hunt Jane
Published: August 2024

Background

Research indicates counsellors and psychotherapists receive little training around working with clients who present with religious or spiritual issues and feel unprepared to work with these clients.

Aims

This paper presents part of the findings from an online survey that aimed to explore how trainee and newly qualified counsellors and psychotherapists, who identify as religious or spiritual, experienced undertaking therapeutic training in the UK.

Method

This online survey collected data on how much training participants received on their courses in religion/spirituality, how this training was delivered, how satisfied they were with their training, their knowledge base and skills around religion/spirituality, and what areas relating to religion/spirituality participants would like to see incorporated into therapeutic training. The survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Results

Over half of the participants received no training in this area, with a further third receiving minimal input. Participants reported low satisfaction rates with training received unless integrated throughout their course and identified specific knowledge gaps around religious/spiritual literacy, therapeutic skills, and awareness of religion and mental health research. Participants wanted more input on religion/spirituality in the training syllabus to increase their knowledge base and therapeutic competences.

Conclusion

This research employed a non‐randomised sample, which limits the generalisability of these findings to a wider training population. Survey participants were also a highly religious/spiritual group, with 87% indicating they engaged in weekly religious/spiritual practices. Participants identified as Christian and White, and reported receiving person‐centred or integrative training.
Ammonium crossover as a function of membrane type and operating conditions in flow cells for ammonia synthesis and water treatment applications
Authors: Bi Wei , Bao Wenbo , Gyenge Elöd , Wilkinson David P.
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical flow cells are promising designs for both ammonium () electrosynthesis from dinitrogen and removal/recovery from wastewater. The crossover is undesirable for electrosynthesis but is favourable for removal. The crossover is investigated herein under different current densities, concentrations, and feed locations using cation‐exchange (Nafion N112, N350) and anion‐exchange (Sustainion X37‐50) membranes and microporous diaphragms (Celgard 3400, 3500, and 5550). For Nafion N112, the crossover from catholyte to anolyte decreases with higher concentrations from 81.9 ± 4.7% at 1 ppm to 10.7 ± 0.7% at 3400 ppm. At a constant concentration, increasing the current density leads to more intense electrolyte pH polarization, which leads to volatilization in favour of recovery up to 78.1 ± 1.1% at a cathode superficial current density of −10 A m−2. When comparing the recovery efficiency, the cathode‐ and symmetric fed operations were outperformed by the anode‐fed mode for 3400 ppm due to the equilibrium that buffers the pH change. For Celgard diaphragms, modest crossover (<5%) was only demonstrated at low current densities (≤−1 A m−2), but the separation was compromised by the bulk electrolyte transport through micropores and electrolysis‐induced pH polarization, highlighting future needs to develop and rigorously verify separators toward electrosynthesis.
Feasibility of structuring electronic health record data to facilitate real‐world data research: ICAREdata methods applied to multicenter cancer clinical trials
Authors: George Suzanne , Campbell Nancy , Hillman Shauna L. , Harlos Elizabeth S. , Stein David W. J. , Chan Miranda Y. , Chow Selina L. , Elrahi Cassandra L. , Quina Andre C. , Kokolus Maeve C. , Casagni Michelle D. , Weiss Matthias , Anderson Daniel M. , Stadler Walter M. , Hoff Olivia C. , Rivera Donna R. , Kluetz Paul G. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Piantadosi Steven
Published: August 2024

Background

The use of electronic health record (EHR) data for research is limited by a lack of structure and a standard data model. The objective of the ICAREdata (Integrating Clinical Trials and Real‐World Endpoints Data) project was to structure key research data elements in EHRs using a minimal Common Oncology Data Elements (mCODE) data model to extract and transmit data.

Methods

The ICAREdata project captured two EHR data elements essential to clinical trials: cancer disease status and treatment plan change. The project was implemented in clinical sites participating in Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology trials. Data were extracted from EHRs and sent by secure Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource messaging (a standard for exchanging EHRs) to a database. Selected elements were compared with corresponding data from the trial's electronic data capture (EDC) system, Medidata Rave.

Results

By December 2023, data were extracted and transmitted from 10 sites for 35 patients, involving 367 clinical encounters across 15 clinical trials. Data through March 2023 demonstrated that concordance for the elements treatment plan change and cancer disease status was 79% and 34%, respectively. When disease evaluation was reported by both EHR and EDC (n = 15), there was 87% agreement on cancer disease status.

Conclusions

Documentation, extraction, and aggregation of structured data elements in EHRs using mCODE and ICAREdata methods is feasible in multi‐institutional cancer clinical trials. EDC as a reference data set allowed assessment of the completeness of EHR data capture. Future initiatives will focus on elements with shared definitions in clinical and research environments and efficient workflows.

Plain Language Summary

Clinical trials use electronic case report forms to report data, and data must be manually entered on these forms, which is costly and time consuming.

ICAREdata methods use structured, organized data from clinical trials that can be more easily shared instead having to enter free text into electronic health records.
Flexible Coordination of SacNac Ligands in Iridium Complexes and their Application to Catalytic Hydroboration
Authors: Rangel‐Garcia Jesus , E. Rivas Christopher , González‐García Gerardo , Campos Jesús , Serrano Oracio , Cristobal Crispin
Published: August 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a small family of Ir(I) and Ir(III) complexes supported by β‐thioketoiminates (SacNac) ligands. All complexes were fully characterized by IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and Elemental Analysis (e.a.) experiments. X‐ray diffraction studies were carried out to corroborate the structure of compounds [Ir(cod)(SacNac)] (1) (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), [Ir(dmb)(SacNac)] (2) (dmb=2,3‐dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene) and [IrCp*(SacNac‐H)(Cl)2] (8) (Cp*=pentamethyl‐cyclopentadienyl). Complexes 1 and 2 are Ir(I) species and have square‐planar geometry in solid state, with bond angles and distances that suggest semi‐aromaticity in the six‐membered ring. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first mono‐coordination mode of a SacNac ligand via sulfur atom in complex 8. Also, we report the first application of iridium‐SacNac complexes as catalytic precursors in hydroboration reactions, where Ir(III) species give the best results.
Connecting Cell Structure and Current‐Dependent Environment Changes in CO2 Electrolysis to GDE Operation Regimes and Multi‐Cell Interaction
Authors: Martens Christina , Quentmeier Maximilian , Schmid Bernhard , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A.
Published: August 2024

Consecutive development of materials, components, and ultimately, devices does not appear to be a promising strategy in CO2 electroreduction because maintaining comparability and transferring results between idealized and application‐oriented systems proves challenging. A modular cell design and tracking cell conditions via sensors may be a solution. We displayed a strategy to characterize gas diffusion electrode operating regimes in a flow cell with regard to different current density ranges, as well as the impact of the flow gap design. We revealed strong interdependencies between cell components, their functions as well as individual cells when integrated into a stack. Expanding the scope and resolution of experimental data made new information on the change of system parameters in flow cells accessible.
Performance of a Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a Phase Change Material–Water Finned Heat Exchanger Under Different Orientations
Authors: Gallero Francisco Javier González , Siles Gabriel González , Maestre Ismael Rodríguez , Blázquez Juan Luis Foncubierta , Pérez‐Lombard Luis
Published: August 2024

The prevalent numerical models for simulating axially finned heat exchangers with phase change materials (PCMs) and water as the heat transfer fluid rely on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, with a primary focus on phase change modeling. However, the computational demands of these models, incorporating phase change effects and resolving PCM movement in the liquid state, are substantial. From experiments suggesting that conduction in the solidified PCM around the finned tube dominates heat transfer during the heat discharge process, this article introduces a simplified CFD‐based model in which convective flow of the PCM is neglected. The model is experimentally validated using a 1‐m‐long axially finned heat exchanger prototype with four fins, recording temperatures under different water flow rates and orientations (horizontal and vertical). Results show that the proposed model predicts outlet water temperature satisfactorily, with absolute errors below 1.0°C and 2.2°C for the horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively. Additionally, the model can capture the temperature trend inside the PCM for the horizontal orientation.
AIoT based sentiment analysis via multi‐scale context perception to enhance linguistic teaching
Authors: Li Haiyan , Wu Guihua
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technology, real‐time text sentiment analysis plays an important role in online education. Due to the limited resources of clients, existing deep networks cannot be directly deployed in the edge node. In addition, deep convolutional networks cannot fully utilize contextual information. In order to resolve these issues, this paper proposes a multi‐scale context‐aware text sentiment analysis system based on cloud computing, in which a bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM) model is deployed in the cloud server. The BiLSTM model can fully explore the contextual feature information of the text stream in online education. The real‐time text data are collected through terminal nodes, such as pad or computer, to send the cloud server. The experiments utilize three public text datasets to simulate the input of terminal nodes. The results show that the proposed system shows better accuracy than previous models and can return the emotional status in time.
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Characterizing the Phenotype of Von Hippel–Lindau Mutation Using MRI
Authors: Bai Xu , Peng Cheng , Liu Baichuan , Zhou Shaopeng , Guo Huiping , Hao Yuwei , Liu Haili , Chen Yijian , Liu Xin , Ning Xueyi , Ma Yuanhao , Zhao Jian , Li Lin , Ye Huiyi , Ma Xin , Wang Haiyi
Published: August 2024

Background

The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) mutation is an important alteration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, its imaging phenotype remains unclear.

Purpose

To investigate whether MRI features can reflect the VHL mutation status.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/fast spin echo T2‐weighted, spin‐echo echo planar diffusion‐weighted, gradient recalled echo T1‐weighted, gradient recalled echo chemical‐shift T1‐weighted, and contrast‐enhanced gradient recalled echo T1‐weighted sequences.

Population

One hundred five patients with ccRCC who underwent preoperative contrast‐enhanced MRI and subsequent genomic sequencing: 59 consecutive patients from our institution (38 [64.41%] with VHL mutations) formed a training cohort, and 46 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (24 [52.17%] with VHL mutations) formed an independent test cohort.

Assessment

Two radiologists, with 23 and 33 years of experience respectively, jointly evaluated the semantic MRI features of the primary lesion in ccRCCs to propose potential features related to VHL mutations in both cohorts. Three additional readers, with 5, 7, and 10 years of experience respectively, independently reviewed all lesions to assess the interobserver agreement of MRI features. A VHL mutational likelihood score (VHL‐MULIS) system was constructed using the training cohort and validated using the independent test cohort.

Statistical Tests

Fisher's test or chi‐square test, t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test, logistic regression, Cohen's kappa (κ), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A two‐sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In both the local and public cohorts, T2‐weighted signal intensity and presence of microscopic fat from primary lesions were significantly associated with VHL mutation status. The VHL‐MULIS incorporated maximum diameter, T2‐weighted signal intensity, and presence of microscopic fat in the training cohort and demonstrated promising diagnostic ability (AUC, 0.82; sensitivity, 0.79; specificity, 0.82) and substantial interobserver agreement (κ, 0.787) in the test cohort.

Data Conclusion

The VHL mutation exhibited a distinct MRI phenotype. Integrating multiple semantic MRI features has potential to reflect the mutation status in patients with ccRCC.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Small wetland‐fringed estuaries deliver disproportionately large carbon loads to the ocean
Authors: Reithmaier Gloria M. S. , Maher Damien T. , Holloway Ceylena , Correa Rogger E. , Santos Isaac R.
Published: August 2024

Previous estimates of dissolved carbon export from estuaries focused on larger systems in the Northern Hemisphere, with little data for smaller tropical estuaries often fringed by intertidal wetlands. We investigated lateral export (outwelling) and transformation rates of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total alkalinity (TA) as well as CO2 emissions from 18 diverse Australian estuaries. Most estuaries acted as net sources for DOC (72%), DIC (83%), and TA (50%). On average, estuaries exported 120 ± 55 and 344 ± 150 mmol m−2 catchment yr−1 DOC and DIC, respectively. Estuarine CO2 emissions (33 ± 20 mmol m−2 estuary d−1) equalled 13% ± 16% of the dissolved lateral carbon export. Carbon export positively correlated with runoff, rain, and intertidal wetland cover, and negatively correlated with estuary and catchment area. Mangroves and saltmarshes cover < 1% of all catchments but can contribute 46% ± 11% of the DOC and 67% ± 13% of the DIC exported to the ocean. Upscaling our observations, Australian estuaries export 2.8 ± 2.2 TgC yr−1 DOC, 8.1 ± 6.2 TgC yr−1 DIC, and 0.7 ± 0.6 Tmol yr−1 TA. Small catchments (< 10 ha) making up 70% of all estuaries and accounting for 18% of the total freshwater flow provided 27% to the total dissolved carbon export. Overall, small tropical estuaries fringed by highly productive intertidal wetlands are hotspots of carbon exports and should be considered in marine carbon budgets.
Improving access to first‐line treatment for pediatric obesity: Lessons from the dissemination of SmartMoves
Authors: Finn Emily Benjamin , Keller Caroline V. , Gowey Marissa A. , Savoye Mary , Samuels Stephanie , Fleisch Abby F. , Rogers Victoria W. , Grey Margaret , Damschroder Laura J. , Beck Amy , Sharifi Mona
Published: August 2024

Objective

The increasing prevalence of and inequities in childhood obesity demand improved access to effective treatment. The SmartMoves curriculum used in Bright Bodies, a proven‐effective, intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT), was disseminated to ≥30 US sites from 2003 to 2018. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of IHBLT implementation/sustainment.

Methods

We surveyed and interviewed key informants about experiences acquiring/implementing SmartMoves. In parallel, we analyzed and then integrated survey findings and themes from interviews using the constant comparative method.

Results

Participants from 16 sites (53%) completed surveys, and 12 participants at 10 sites completed interviews. The 11 sites (63%) that implemented SmartMoves varied in both use of training opportunities/materials and fidelity to program components. In interviews, demand for obesity programming, organizational priorities, and partnerships facilitated implementation. Seven sites discontinued SmartMoves prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Funding insecurity and insufficient staffing emerged as dominant barriers to implementation/sustainment discussed by all interviewees, and some also noted participants' competing demands and the program's fit with population as challenges.

Conclusions

System‐ and organizational‐level barriers impeded sustainment of an evidence‐based IHBLT program. Adequate funding could enable sufficient staffing and training to promote fidelity to the intervention's core functions and adaptation to fit local populations/context.
Exploring protein functions from structural flexibility using CABS‐flex modeling
Authors: Nithin Chandran , Fornari Rocco Peter , Pilla Smita P. , Wroblewski Karol , Zalewski Mateusz , Madaj Rafał , Kolinski Andrzej , Macnar Joanna M. , Kmiecik Sebastian
Published: August 2024

Understanding protein function often necessitates characterizing the flexibility of protein structures. However, simulating protein flexibility poses significant challenges due to the complex dynamics of protein systems, requiring extensive computational resources and accurate modeling techniques. In response to these challenges, the CABS‐flex method has been developed as an efficient modeling tool that combines coarse‐grained simulations with all‐atom detail. Available both as a web server and a standalone package, CABS‐flex is dedicated to a wide range of users. The web server version offers an accessible interface for straightforward tasks, while the standalone command‐line program is designed for advanced users, providing additional features, analytical tools, and support for handling large systems. This paper examines the application of CABS‐flex across various structure–function studies, facilitating investigations into the interplay among protein structure, dynamics, and function in diverse research fields. We present an overview of the current status of the CABS‐flex methodology, highlighting its recent advancements, practical applications, and forthcoming challenges.
Zika virus capsid protein closed structure modulates binding to host lipid systems
Authors: Martins Ana S. , Carvalho Filomena A. , Nascimento André R. , Silva Nelly M. , Rebelo Teresa V. , Faustino André F. , Enguita Francisco J. , Huber Roland G. , Santos Nuno C. , Martins Ivo C.
Published: August 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito‐borne Flavivirus of international concern, causes congenital microcephaly in newborns and Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults. ZIKV capsid (C) protein, one of three key structural proteins, is essential for viral assembly and encapsidation. In dengue virus, a closely related flavivirus, the homologous C protein interacts with host lipid systems, namely intracellular lipid droplets, for successful viral replication. Here, we investigate ZIKV C interaction with host lipid systems, showing that it binds host lipid droplets but, contrary to expected, in an unspecific manner. Contrasting with other flaviviruses, ZIKV C also does not bind very‐low density‐lipoproteins. Comparing with other Flavivirus, capsid proteins show that ZIKV C structure is particularly thermostable and seems to be locked into an auto‐inhibitory conformation due to a disordered N‐terminal, hence blocking specific interactions and supporting the experimental differences observed. Such distinct structural features must be considered when targeting capsid proteins in drug development.
Large induced subgraphs of random graphs with given degree sequences
Authors: Southwell Angus , Wormald Nick
Published: August 2024

We study a random graph with given degree sequence , with the aim of characterising the degree sequence of the subgraph induced on a given set of vertices. For suitable and , we show that the degree sequence of the subgraph induced on is essentially concentrated around a sequence that we can deterministically describe in terms of and . We then give an application of this result, determining a threshold for when this induced subgraph contains a giant component. We also apply a similar analysis to the case where is chosen by randomly sampling vertices with some probability , that is, site percolation, and determine a threshold for the existence of a giant component in this model. We consider the case where the density of the subgraph is either constant or slowly going to 0 as goes to infinity, and the degree sequence of the whole graph satisfies a certain maximum degree condition. Analogously, in the percolation model we consider the cases where either is a constant or where slowly. This is similar to work of Fountoulakis in 2007 and Janson in 2009, but we work directly in the random graph model to avoid the limitations of the configuration model that they used.
Therapeutic Effect of 1,3‐Thiazin‐6‐One for the Treatment of Brain Cancer Through Increased Accumulation in the Brain Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Zhang Junhuai , Yin Luqiang , Li Junshan , Xu Zhongye
Published: August 2024

In the present study a library of five (2‐(amino)‐1,3‐thiazin‐6‐one) compounds was synthesized and investigated as against glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo in the mice model. The results revealed that all of the five 1,3‐thiazin‐6‐one compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e) exhibited cytotoxicity against U87MG and 9 L brain cancer cell lines. Moreover, it was found that 9 L cells showed slightly higher sensitivity towards the compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e compared to U87MG cells. It was observed that the compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e showed a time‐dependent increase in uptake efficiency by U87MG and 9 L cells. Furthermore, the data revealed that uptake of the compounds and therefore internalization was maximum during initial 1 h of the treatment. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 4c containing trifluoromethyl moiety showed higher uptake efficiency compared to the compound 4a, 4b, 4d and 4e. Treatment of U87MG and 9 L cell tumor spheroids with compound 4c significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the tumor growth compared to the control spheroids. In vivo data revealed that treatment with compound 4c led to a significant (P<0.05) decrease in glioblastoma growth in mice in dose‐dependent manner. Growth of glioblastoma in mice was almost completely inhibited after 28 days of treatment with 2 mg/kg dose of compound 4c. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that compound 4c remained in circulation for longer duration in mice and its terminal half‐life was found to be 6.5 h. Treatment of U87MG and 9 L cells with compound 4c led to a prominent decrease in expression of CYR61 protein. In conclusion, findings of the present study suggest that compound 4c acts as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced brain cancer through activation of Hippo pathway. Therefore, more studies need to be performed to investigate the detailed mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of compound 4c against the glioblastoma.
Corn Husk‐Derived Carbon Fused with Iron Oxide as Adsorbent for Cationic Dyes
Authors: Bhavani Lakshmi M. , Akbar Alibasha , Chatterjee Tanmay , Sarkar Pankaj , Chakrabarty Rinku , Arif Islam Quazi , Ghosh Mihir
Published: August 2024

The development of nanomaterials for dye degradation has garnered significant interest due to their efficiency, environmental benefits, and cost‐effectiveness. In this study, a nanocomposite adsorbent composed of α‐Fe2O3 coupled with carbon derived from eco‐friendly corn husk has been developed. This material effectively captured cationic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG), from aqueous solutions, including industrial dye effluent from local industry. The synthesized nanocomposite demonstrated rapid removal of MB and MG from the solution without the need for additional oxidizing or reducing agents. The adsorption conditions by varying parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature have been optimized. Adsorption isothermal studies indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model best explained the adsorption process. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo‐first‐order model for MB, while the intraparticle diffusion model is more appropriate for MG. Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibited excellent reusability and regenerability for dye adsorption. Our study showcases the effectiveness of the synthesized nanocomposite adsorbent, comprising α‐Fe2O3 integrated with carbon derived from eco‐friendly corn husk using a simple and sustainable methodology, in efficiently removing cationic dyes from textile wastewater. This approach offers a promising solution for environmental remediation.
Motivations for hazing in collegiate settings: Employing situational strength to identify, disrupt, and construct
Authors: Joyce Brian , Meriwether Jason L. , Perlow Emily
Published: August 2024

Hazing is motivated by numerous psychosocial phenomena embedded in the broader cultural milieu. The identification and deconstruction of these motivators presents an especially unique pathway to eliminating harmful and dangerous behaviors. The application of situational strength to hazing prevention offers a robust and applicable framework to help administrators and professionals impactfully disrupt hazing and reshape the larger campus and organizational ecology to support healthier joining experiences.
A least-change secant algorithm for solving generalized complementarity problem
Authors: Vivas H. , Pérez R. , Arias C.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a least-change secant algorithm to solve the generalized complementarity problem indirectly trough its reformulation as a nonsmooth system of nonlinear equations using a one-parametric family of complementarity functions. We present local and superlinear convergence results of new algorithm and analyze its numerical performance.
Genomic landscape of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients: an exploratory study
Authors: Cerrato-Izaguirre Dennis , González-Ruíz Jonathan , Diaz-Chavez José , Ramírez Andrea , Scavuzzo Anna , Jimenez Miguel A. , Cortés-González Carlo , Rubio Jairo A. , Pérez-Montiel María D. , García-Cuellar Claudia M. , Herrera Luis A. , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Vaca-Paniagua Felipe , Barquet-Muñoz Salim , Cantu-de-Leon David , Bose Promita , Prada Diddier
Published: August 2024

Background

Health disparities have been highlighted among patient with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) due to ethnicity. Mexican men present a more aggressive disease than other patients resulting in less favorable treatment outcome. We aimed to identify the mutational landscape which could help to reduce the health disparities among minority groups and generate the first genomics exploratory study of PRAD in Mexican patients.

Methods

Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tumoral tissue from 20 Mexican patients with early-stage PRAD treated at The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed. Tumoral DNA was prepared for whole exome sequencing, the resulting files were mapped against h19 using BWA-MEM. Strelka2 and Lancet packages were used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNV) and insertions or deletions. FACETS was used to determine somatic copy number alterations (SCNA). Cancer Genome Interpreter web interface was used to determine the clinical relevance of variants.

Results

Patients were in an early clinical stage and had a mean age of 59.55 years (standard deviation [SD]: 7.1 years) with 90% of them having a Gleason Score of 7. Follow-up time was 48.50 months (SD: 32.77) with recurrences and progression in 30% and 15% of the patients, respectively. NUP98 (20%), CSMD3 (15%) and FAT1 (15%) were the genes most frequently affected by SNV; ARAF (75%) and ZNF419 (70%) were the most frequently affected by losses and gains SNCA’s. One quarter of the patients had mutations useful as biomarkers for the use of PARP inhibitors, they comprise mutations in BRCA, RAD54L and ATM. SBS05, DBS03 and ID08 were the most common mutational signatures present in this cohort. No associations with recurrence or progression were identified.

Conclusions

This pilot study reveals the mutational landscape of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma in Mexican men, providing a first approach to understand the mutational patterns and actionable mutations in early prostate cancer can inform personalized treatment approaches and reduce the underrepresentation in genomic cancer studies.
Rock dynamic strength prediction in cold regions using optimized hybrid algorithmic models
Authors: Lv You , Shen Yanjun , Zhang Anlin , Ren Li , Xie Jing , Zhang Zetian , Zhang Zhilong , An Lu , Sun Junlong , Yan Zhiwei , Mi Ou
Published: August 2024

Predicting the dynamic mechanical characteristics of rocks during freeze–thaw cycles (FTC) is crucial for comprehending the damage process of FTC and averting disasters in rock engineering in cold climates. Nevertheless, the conventional mathematical regression approach has constraints in accurately forecasting the dynamic compressive strength (DCS) of rocks under these circumstances. Hence, this study presents an optimized approach by merging the Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) with Random Forest (RF) to offer a reliable solution for nondestructive prediction of DCS of rocks in cold locations. Initially, a database of the DCS of rocks after a series of FTC was constructed, and these data were obtained by performing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test on rocks after FTC. The main influencing factors of the test can be summarized into 10, and PCA was employed to decrease the number of dimensions in the dataset, and the microtests were used to explain the mechanism of the main influencing factors. Additionally, the Backpropagation Neural Network and RF are used to construct the prediction model of DCS of rock, and six optimization techniques were employed for optimizing the hyperparameters of the model. Ultimately, the 12 hybrid prediction models underwent a thorough and unbiased evaluation utilizing a range of evaluation indicators. The outcomes of the research concluded that the COA-RF model is most recommended for application in engineering practice, and it achieved the highest score of 10 in the combined score of the training and testing phases, with the lowest RMSE (4.570,8.769), the lowest MAE (3.155,5.653), the lowest MAPE (0.028,0.050), the highest R2 (0.983,0.94).
Quantum-Annealing-Inspired Algorithms for Track Reconstruction at High-Energy Colliders
Authors: Okawa Hideki , Zeng Qing-Guo , Tao Xian-Zhe , Yung Man-Hong
Published: August 2024

Charged particle reconstruction or track reconstruction is one of the most crucial components of pattern recognition in high-energy collider physics. It is known to entail enormous consumption of computing resources, especially when the particle multiplicity is high, which will be the conditions at future colliders, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Super Proton–Proton Collider. Track reconstruction can be formulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, for which various quantum algorithms have been investigated and evaluated with both a quantum simulator and hardware. Simulated bifurcation algorithms are a set of quantum-annealing-inspired algorithms, known to be serious competitors to other Ising machines. In this study, we show that simulated bifurcation algorithms can be employed to solve the particle tracking problem. The simulated bifurcation algorithms run on classical computers and are suitable for parallel processing and usage of graphical processing units, and they can handle significantly large amounts of data at high speed. These algorithms exhibit reconstruction efficiency and purity comparable to or sometimes improved over those of simulated annealing, but the running time can be reduced by as much as four orders of magnitude. These results suggest that QUBO models together with quantum-annealing-inspired algorithms are valuable for current and future particle tracking problems.
Tweeting Antagonism: (De)Polarizing Rhetoric and Tone in Colombia’s 2022 Presidential Campaign
Authors: Gamboa Laura , Botero Sandra , Zanotti Lisa
Published: August 2024

Polarizing rhetoric and negative tone are thought to generate more attention on social media. We seek to describe and analyze how presidential candidates in Colombia’s 2022 election deployed (de)polarizing rhetoric and tone, around what topics, and with what effects. We analyze the tweets (and corresponding engagement) of the four leading candidates during the campaign. Tone behaves as expected. Negatively worded tweets receive overall more likes and retweets, though the strength of their effect varies by candidate. Polarizing rhetoric behaves differently. Using polarizing and depolarizing rhetoric proved better than neutral messages, but using depolarizing rhetoric, generated greater engagement than its polarizing counterpart. This study suggests that the visibility of a candidate does not necessarily correspond to their greater use of Twitter, an increased deployment of polarizing rhetoric, or an emphasis on negative emotions. This article provides a glimmer of hope regarding the potential usefulness of positive uniting messages on Twitter (now X).
Simulated Impact of Time‐Varying River Runoff and Greenland Freshwater Discharge on Sea Level Variability in the Beaufort Gyre Over 2005–2018
Authors: Tajouri S. , Llovel W. , Sévellec F. , Molines J.‐M. , Mathiot P. , Penduff T. , Leroux S.
Published: August 2024

Global mean sea level has been rising at a rate of 3.25 ± 0.4 mm yr−1 over 1993–2018. Yet several regions are increasing at a much faster rate, such as the Beaufort Gyre in the Arctic Ocean at a rate of 9.3 ± 7.0 mm yr−1 over 2003–2014. At interannual to decadal time scales, the Beaufort Gyre sea level is controlled by salinity changes due to sea ice melt and wind‐driven lateral Ekman convergence–divergence of freshwater. This study uses recent Greenland discharge and river runoff estimates to isolate and quantify the sea level response to freshwater fluxes variability over the period 1980–2018. It relies on sensitivity experiments based on a global ocean model including sea‐ice and icebergs. These sensitivity experiments only differ by the freshwater fluxes temporal variability of Greenland and global rivers which are either seasonal climatologies or fully time varying, revealing the individual and combined impact of these freshwater sources fluctuations. Fully varying Greenland discharge and river runoff produce an opposite impact on sea level trends over 2005–2018 in the Beaufort Gyre region, the former driving an increase, while the latter, a decrease. Their combined impact leads to a fairly weak sea level trend. The sea level response is primarily driven by salinity variations in the upper 300 m, which are mainly caused by salinity advection involving complex compensations between passive, active, and nonlinear advection. This study shows that including the temporal variability of freshwater fluxes in forced global ocean models results in a better representation of regional sea level change.
Investigation of the protective role of Ginkgo biloba L. against phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by Trifloxystrobin
Authors: Kesti Saliha , Macar Oksal , Kalefetoğlu Macar Tuğçe , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçın Emine
Published: August 2024

Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is a widely used strobilurin class fungicide. Ginkgo biloba L. has gained popularity due to its recognized medicinal and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine whether Ginkgo biloba L. extract (Gbex) has a protective role against TFS-induced phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage in A. cepa. Different groups were formed from Allium cepa L. bulbs subjected to tap water (control), 200 mg/L Gbex (Gbex1), 400 mg/L Gbex (Gbex2), 0.8 g/L TFS solution (TFS), 200 mg/L Gbex + 0.8 g/L TFS (TFS + Gbex1) and 400 mg/L Gbex + 0.8 g/L TFS (TFS + Gbex2), respectively. The phenolic composition of Gbex and alterations in the morphological, physiological, biochemical, genotoxicity and anatomical parameters were evaluated. Rutin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, gallic acid, taxifolin, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid and quercetin were the most prevalent phenolic substances in Gbex. Rooting percentage, root elongation, weight gain, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased by approximately 50%, 85%, 77%, 55% and 70%, respectively, as a result of TFS treatment compared to the control. In the TFS group, the mitotic index fell by 28% compared to the control group, but chromosomal abnormalities, micronuclei frequency and tail DNA percentage increased. Fragment, vagrant chromosome, sticky chromosome, uneven chromatin distribution, bridge, vacuole-containing nucleus, reverse polarization and irregular mitosis were the chromosomal abnormalities observed in the TFS group. The levels of proline (2.17-fold) and malondialdehyde (2.71-fold), as well as the activities of catalase (2.75-fold) and superoxide dismutase (2.03-fold) were increased by TFS in comparison to the control. TFS-provoked meristematic disorders were damaged epidermis and cortex cells, flattened cell nucleus and thickened cortex cell wall. Gbex combined with TFS relieved all these TFS-induced stress signs in a dose-dependent manner. This investigation showed that Gbex can play protective role in A. cepa against the phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage caused by TFS. The results demonstrated that Gbex had this antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential owing to its high phenolic content.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Urea–Water Electrolysis
Authors: Chen Zhijie , Wei Wei , Ni Bing-Jie
Published: August 2024

Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts for urea–water electrolysis is important for energy-saving hydrogen production and urea-rich wastewater purification. In this chapter, recent advances in bifunctional electrocatalysts for application in urea–water electrolysis are reviewed. The electrochemical mechanism of urea–water electrolysis is presented first, then efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts are discussed in detail. For urea–water electrolysis, most bifunctional electrocatalysts can attain a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the voltage range 1.3–1.6 V. Sophisticated catalyst design strategies for improving the catalyst performance are outlined. Finally, perspectives in this field are presented.
Comparing of some treatment methods of canine oral papilloma in Samarkand condition (71 cases)
Authors: Yulchiyev Jasurbek , Norboyev Kurbon , Ravshanov Mirjalol , Khaydarova Sevara , Khatamov Tolmas , Nematullayev Ozod
Published: August 2024

This article describes the origin of oral papilloma, which is widespread among dogs, its prevalence, clinical signs of the disease, accurate and express diagnostic methods, as well as information obtained as a result of research to improve methods of treatment and prevention. In the course of the study, specific symptoms, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dogs infected with this disease, the study of methods for treating the disease and recommendations for the prevention of the disease are given.
Model of interaction between different populations of organisms for the conservation of biodiversity
Authors: Muhamediyeva D. T. , Safarova L. U.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents land management strategies and adaptation measures aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change and conserving biodiversity. Proposed measures include the development of efficient farming methods, such as drip irrigation and optimizing the use of water resources, which helps reduce soil degradation and reduce water consumption. In addition, measures to protect and restore ecosystems are being considered, including planting trees, creating nature reserves and protected areas, and controlling pollution and deforestation. It also emphasizes the need to develop and implement strategies for the sustainable use of natural resources, such as solar and wind energy, to reduce pressure on ecosystems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Particular attention is paid to educational campaigns and information activities to increase public awareness of climate change and its impact on ecosystems, thereby promoting public involvement in decision-making and promoting sustainable behavior at home and community levels. In this work, the Lotka-Volterra model was used to simulate the impact of climate change on populations of plants and insect parasites in the dry regions of Uzbekistan. The model presented in this work allows us to predict changes in populations in response to climatic factors and develop adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity. The work highlights the importance of scientific and innovative initiatives in the field of climate change research and sustainable development, which will create infrastructure for sustainable development and the implementation of environmentally sustainable technologies.
The layout of the cultivator’s working bodies
Authors: Parkhomenko Galina , Kambulov Sergey , Rykov Viktor , Podlesny Dmitry , Pleskacheva Olga , Gvozdikova Alina
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the study is to choose the rational placement of the developed working bodies on the frame of the steam cultivator. The types of media affecting the traction resistance of the working body of a steam cultivator are revealed: in the absence of destroyed soil on the sides, solid; in the presence of destroyed soil on one side – semi–flat; in the presence of destroyed soil on both sides - free. Calculations were made, as a result of which the following parameters of placement on the frame of the steam cultivator were determined: a two-row scheme with an even number of working bodies; the number of working bodies is 6; the width of the machine is 3 m; the distance along 52-54 cm; the distance across between the working bodies is 48-50 cm.
The effect of the BACELL-M® probiotic feed additive on Big-6 turkeys
Authors: Golubtsov A. V. , Mikhailov E. V. , Semenov S. N. , Krutov I. O. , Yakimenko V. N.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the probiotic supplement BACELL-M® when added to the diet of Big-6 turkeys. This supplement contains prebiotics and strains of Bacillus subtilis 945 (B-5225), Lactobacillus paracasei (B-2347), and Enterococcus faecium M-3185 (B-3491). For this study, the turkeys were divided into two groups based on the paired-analog principle, with five individuals in each group. Group 1 received the feed additive BACELL-M® at a dose of 10 g per 1 kg of feed added to their main diet. Group 2 served as the control. The weight gain dynamics for each group were assessed daily. On the 40th day, blood samples were taken to evaluate biochemical parameters. After slaughter, samples of the large intestine were collected for morphological studies. The experimental group showed superior results according to the studied criteria compared to the control group. The results also indicated increased meat productivity in the turkeys supplemented with BACELLM ®. This suggests the potential of using this dietary supplement as a preventive measure against gastrointestinal dsiseases in turkeys.
Assessment of the quality of canned cod liver
Authors: Ershov Mikhaile , Sokolan Nina , Kuranova Ludmila , Novozhilov Maksim , Tretyak Nikolaj
Published: August 2024

The task of this work is to analyze the quality indicators of canned food called Cod liver in Murmansk style. To achieve this goal, methods of organoleptic and physicochemical analysis were applied. In the course of the study we studied the change in the quality of canned food made from the liver of raw Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Linnaeus, 1758), which was caught in the fall-winter period. For this purpose, the actual content of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins A and B2, the acid number and the calculation of the product energy value were determined.