bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Physical Activity Programs on the Improvement of Dementia Symptom: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Han Suk , Park Sun Wook , Park Yoo Jung
Published: October 2016

Objective. To confirm that physical activity program improves the symptoms of dementia and the most effective physical activity was selected to help establish exercise programs.Methods. Three databases, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willey online, were used to collect articles. The databases were published between January 2005 and December 2015. Keywords such as “dementia,” and “physical activity” were used in searching for papers. As a result, nine studies were selected in the second screening of the meta-analyses.Results. The improvement in the dementia symptom of physical capacity was 1.05 (high effect size, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.73), ability of activity of daily living was 0.73 (slightly high effect size, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.23), cognitive function was 0.46 (medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.66), and psychological state was 0.39 (lower than the medium effect size, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.77).Conclusion. The physical activity for patients with dementia had an effect on the improvement of physical capacity and combined exercise was the most effective physical activity.
Diagnosis Accuracy of Mean Arterial Pressure Variation during a Lung Recruitment Maneuver to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Thoracic Surgery with One-Lung Ventilation
Authors: Kang Woon-Seok , Oh Chung-Sik , Park Chulmin , Shin Bo Mi , Yoon Tae-Gyoon , Rhee Ka-Young , Woo Nam-Sik , Kim Seong-Hyop
Published: October 2016

Background. Lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) during thoracic surgery can reduce systemic venous return and resulting drop in systemic blood pressure depends on the patient’s fluid status. We hypothesized that changes in systemic blood pressure during the transition in LRM from one-lung ventilation (OLV) to two-lung ventilation (TLV) may provide an index to predict fluid responsiveness.Methods. Hemodynamic parameters were measured before LRM (T0); after LRM at the time of the lowest mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (T1) and at 3 minutes (T2); before fluid administration (T3); and 5 minutes after ending it (T4). If the stroke volume index increased by >25% following 10 mL/kg colloid administration for 30 minutes, then the patients were assigned to responder group.Results. Changes in MAP, central venous pressure (CVP), and stroke volume variation (SVV) betweenT0andT1were significantly larger in responders. Areas under the curve for change in MAP, CVP, and SVV were 0.852, 0.759, and 0.820, respectively; the optimal threshold values for distinguishment of responders were 9.5 mmHg, 0.5 mmHg, and 3.5%, respectively.Conclusions. The change in the MAP associated with LRM at the OLV to TLV conversion appears to be a useful indicator of fluid responsiveness after thoracic surgery. Trial Registration. This trial is registered at Clinical Research Information Service withKCT0000774.
Is Hardware Removal Recommended after Ankle Fracture Repair?
Authors: Jung Hong-Geun , Kim Jin-Il , Park Jae-Yong , Park Jong-Tae , Eom Joon-Sang , Lee Dong-Oh
Published: October 2016

The indications and clinical necessity for routine hardware removal after treating ankle or distal tibia fracture with open reduction and internal fixation are disputed even when hardware-related pain is insignificant. Thus, we determined the clinical effects of routine hardware removal irrespective of the degree of hardware-related pain, especially in the perspective of patients’ daily activities. This study was conducted on 80 consecutive cases (78 patients) treated by surgery and hardware removal after bony union. There were 56 ankle and 24 distal tibia fractures. The hardware-related pain, ankle joint stiffness, discomfort on ambulation, and patient satisfaction were evaluated before and at least 6 months after hardware removal. Pain score before hardware removal was 3.4 (range 0 to 6) and decreased to 1.3 (range 0 to 6) after removal. 58 (72.5%) patients experienced improved ankle stiffness and 65 (81.3%) less discomfort while walking on uneven ground and 63 (80.8%) patients were satisfied with hardware removal. These results suggest that routine hardware removal after ankle or distal tibia fracture could ameliorate hardware-related pain and improves daily activities and patient satisfaction even when the hardware-related pain is minimal.
Safety and Efficacy of Acute Clopidogrel Load in Patients with Moderate and Severe Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Shaban Amir , Monlezun Dominique J. , Rincon Natalia , Tiu Jonathan , Valmoria Melisa , Martin-Schild Sheryl
Published: October 2016

Objective. To study the safety and efficacy of a clopidogrel loading dose in patients with moderate and severe acute ischemic strokes.Background. The safety of clopidogrel loading has been extensively investigated in patients with minor strokes and transient ischemic attacks.Methods. Acute ischemic stroke patients presenting consecutively to our center from 07/01/08 to 07/31/13 were screened. Clopidogrel loading was defined as at least 300 mg dose (with or without aspirin) given within 6 hours of admission. We compared outcomes in patients with baseline NIHSS > 3 with and without clopidogrel loading.Results. Inclusion criteria were met for 1011 patients (43.6% females, 69.1% black, median age 63). Patients with clopidogrel loading had lower baseline NIHSS than patients who were not loaded (8 versus 9,p=0.005). The two groups had similar risk for hemorrhagic transformation (p=0.918) and symptomatic hemorrhage (p=0.599). Patients who were loaded had a lower rate of neurological worsening (38.9% versus 48.3%,p=0.031) and less in-hospital mortality (4.3% versus 13.4%,p=0.001) compared to those who were not loaded. The likelihood of having a poor functional outcome did not differ between the two groups after adjusting for NIHSS on admission (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.4633–1.0906,p=0.118).Conclusion. Clopidogrel loading dose was not associated with increased risk for hemorrhagic transformation or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in our retrospective study and was associated with reduced rates of neuroworsening following moderate and severe stroke.
Groups Containing Small Locally Maximal Product-Free Sets
Authors: Anabanti Chimere S. , Hart Sarah B.
Published: October 2016

Let G be a group and S a nonempty subset of G. Then, S is product-free if ab∉S for all a,b∈S. We say S is a locally maximal product-free set if S is product-free and not properly contained in any other product-free set. It is natural to ask whether it is possible to determine the smallest possible size of a locally maximal product-free set in G. Alternatively, given a positive integer k, one can ask the following: what is the largest integer nk such that there is a group of order nk with a locally maximal product-free set of size k? The groups containing locally maximal product-free sets of sizes 1 and 2 are known, and it has been conjectured that n3=24. The purpose of this paper is to prove this conjecture and hence show that the list of known locally maximal product-free sets of size 3 is complete. We also report some experimental observations about the sequence nk.
Causes and Consequences of Interdialytic weight gain
Authors: Ipema Karin J.R. , Kuipers Johanna , Westerhuis Ralf , Gaillard Carlo A.J.M. , van der Schans Cees P. , Krijnen Wim P. , Franssen Casper F.M.
Published: October 2016

Background/Aims: Higher interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) is associated with higher predialysis blood pressure and increased mortality. IDWG is also increasingly being recognized as an indicator of nutritional status. We studied in detail the associations of various patient factors and nutritional parameters with IDWG. Methods: We collected data during one week for IDWG and hemodynamic parameters in 138 prevalent adult haemodialysis patients on a thrice-weekly haemodialysis schedule. A multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors that are associated with IDWG. Results: The mean (±SD) age was 62.5 (±18.2) years, 36% were female, 36% had diuresis, and 23% had diabetes. Patients in the highest IDWG tertile were significantly younger, more frequently male, and had a significantly higher subjective global assessment score (SGA). A higher IDWG as a percentage of body weight (%IDWG) was associated with a younger age, greater height and weight, absence of diuresis, and lower postdialysis plasma sodium levels. The model with these five parameters explained 37% of the variance of %IDWG. Predialysis, intradialysis, and postdialysis diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the highest tertile of IDWG. Conclusion: The most important associations of %IDWG are age, height, weight, diuresis, and postdialysis sodium. Patients with the highest IDWG have significantly higher diastolic blood pressures.
Local Recurrence after Breast-Conserving Surgery and Mastectomy Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer - a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Xiaodong , Li Yujie
Published: October 2016

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with large tumors shrunk by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the local recurrence rates in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients receiving NCT comparing BCS with mastectomy. Methods: Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and Ovid's database were searched for studies concerning treatment for LABC from January 2000 to June 2015. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the recurrence rates of patients receiving BCS versus mastectomy following NCT. Results: 8 trials with a total of 3,215 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of local recurrence was 9.2% in the BCS group versus 8.3% in the mastectomy group without significant difference (odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-1.48; p = 0.66). The 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate was lower in the mastectomy group than in the BCS group, but no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.61-1.99; p = 0.74). Conclusion: BCS after NCT is safe in terms of local recurrence and LRFS in LABC women. Shrinking tumors with NCT provides the opportunity to apply BCS with no detriment to outcome.
Endocrinological Abnormalities Are a Main Feature of 17p13.1 Microduplication Syndrome: A New Case and Literature Review
Authors: Maini Ilenia , Ivanovski Ivan , Iodice Alessandro , Rosato Simonetta , Pollazzon Marzia , Mussini Manuela , Belligni Elga F. , Coutton Charles , Marinelli Maria , Barbieri Veronica , Napoli Manuela , Pascarella Rosario , Sartori Chiara , Madia Francesca , Fusco Carlo , Franchi Fabrizia , Street Maria E. , Garavelli Livia
Published: October 2016

To date, 5 cases of 17p13.1 microduplications have been described in the literature. Intellectual disability was reported as the core feature, together with minor facial dysmorphisms and obesity, but a characteristic phenotype for 17p13.1 microduplication has not been delineated. Here, we describe a patient with a 1.56-Mb de novo duplication in 17p13.1, affected by mild intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, obesity, and diabetes. By comparing the different phenotypes of currently described cases, we delineated the main clinical features of 17p13.1 microduplication syndrome. All patients described to date had variable facial dysmorphisms; therefore, it was difficult to define a common facial gestalt. Furthermore, we stress endocrinological abnormalities as important features and the need to monitor these over time.
Trace Element Status (Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Iron, Manganese) in Patients with Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Dastych Jr. Milan , Šenkyřík Michal , Dastych Milan , Novák František , Wohl Petr , Maňák Jan , Kohout Pavel
Published: October 2016

Background: The objective of the present study was to determine concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) in blood plasma and manganese (Mn) in the whole blood in patients with long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in comparison to the control group. Patients and Methods: We examined 68 patients (16 men and 52 women) aged from 28 to 68 years on a long-term HPN lasting from 4 to 96 months. The short bowel syndrome was an indication for HPN. The daily doses of Zn, Cu, Fe, Se and Mn in the last 3 months were determined. Results: No significant differences in blood plasma were found for Zn, Cu and Fe in patients with HPN and in the control group (p > 0.05). The concentration of Mn in whole blood was significantly increased in HPN patients (p < 0.0001), while Se concentration in these patients was significantly decreased (p < 0.005). The concentration of Mn in the whole blood of 16 patients with cholestasis was significantly increased compared to the patients without cholestasis (p < 0.001). The Cu concentration was increased with no statistical significance. Conclusion: In long-term HPN, the status of trace elements in the patients has to be continually monitored and the daily substitution doses of these elements have to be flexibly adjusted. Dosing schedule needs to be adjusted especially in cases of cholestatic hepatopathy. A discussion about the optimal daily dose of Mn in patients on HPN is appropriate. For clinical practice, the availability of a substitution mixture of trace elements lacking Mn would be advantageous.
Epididymal morphophysiology of adult collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu)
Authors: Oliveira Anna Patrycia Martins de , Cardoso Deise De Lima , Ferreira Ana Cássia Sarmento , Ferreira Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja , Albuquerque Natália Inagaki de , Ohashi Otávio Mitio , Guimarães Diva Anelie
Published: October 2016

O entendimento funcional do epidídimo possibilita o aumento da fertilidade de uma espécie, pois torna possível a preservação de gametas para o uso em técnicas de reprodução assistida. Este trabalho estudou os aspectos histológicos das diferentes regiões do epidídimo de Pecari tajacu, bem como as patologias associadas encontradas nos espermatozoides presentes nesse órgão. Após procedimento cirúrgico de orquiectomia, para remoção dos testículos e epidídimos, obtidos de oito animais adultos nascidos em cativeiro, realizou-se a fixação e o processamento histológico das amostras. Constatou-se em todas as regiões do epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) a presença de epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar com estereocílios. Foram observadas semelhanças entre a altura média do epitélio do corpo e da cauda, a qual era diferente da encontrada na cabeça (1- proximal: região associada aos ductos eferentes; 2- distal: região associada ao corpo do epidídimo). Foi verificado que a cabeça proximal apresenta a média de diâmetro dos túbulos menor em relação às demais porções do epidídimo. Em relação às patologias dos espermatozoides, constataram-se treze tipos diferentes de alterações morfológicas. Os espermatozoides subdesenvolvidos e cabeças soltas foram as mais frequentes ao longo do epidídimo de catitus. Os dados deste trabalho são pioneiros, e servirão como base para pesquisas comparativas sobre a biologia reprodutiva dos artiodátilos, contribuindo para a sua conservação e produção.
Retinal dysplasia in the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: Renzo Roberta , Barros Sobrinho Alexandre Augusto Franchi de , Chung Denise Granato , Kawanami Aline Eyko , Oliveira Juliana Paula , Werther Karin , Laus José Luiz
Published: October 2016

Descrita no homem e em animais domésticos, a displasia de retina, se apresenta nas formas focal/multifocal, geográfica e completa. Um espécime de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) de vida livre, macho, com 45 dias de vida foi capturado e encaminhado aos Serviços de Medicina de Animais Selvagens e de Oftalmologia do Hospital Veterinário “Governador Laudo Natel” da Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, Câmpus Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil, onde recebeu atendimento primário ambulatorial. O paciente apresentava-se em bom estado geral, sem alterações hematológicas e sorológicas, e não havia sinais de déficit visual. A oftalmoscopia binocular indireta mostrou alterações retinianas no olho esquerdo, distribuídas na área tapetal na forma de pregas e de rosetas de coloração acinzentada. Nas áreas acometidas, a reflectividade tapetal estava reduzida. Não foram observadas outras alterações oftálmicas. Trata-se do primeiro relato de literatura sobre displasia retiniana em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous).
Coronary Artery Ectasia Are Frequently Observed in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves With and Without Dilatation of the Ascending Aorta
Authors: Meindl Christine , Achatz Birgit , Huber Deborah , Baessler Andrea , Hubauer Ute , Meisinger Christa , Hengstenberg Christian , Erdmann Jeanette , Buchner Stefan , Maier Lars , Schunkert Heribert , Debl Kurt , Fischer Marcus
Published: October 2016

Background—

The presence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is influenced by genetic factors and related to the presence of aneurysms in other vascular beds. Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease is frequently accompanied by ascending aortic aneurysm. Because the aortic valve and the proximal parts of the coronary arteries share a common embryonic origin, we hypothesized that CAE is associated with BAV disease.

Methods and Results—

One hundred seventy-seven patients with suspected aortic valve disease (n=94 BAV, n=83 tricuspid aortic valve) underwent both cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography. To confirm the association of CAE with BAV, the frequency of CAE was evaluated in an in-house BAV registry (n=600, n=231 with available coronary angiogram) and compared with the frequency of CAE in the German Myocardial Infarction (MI) Family Study, in which the heritability of CAE was formerly established (n=899). Furthermore, the frequency of CAE was investigated in an observational registry of real-life patients undergoing coronary angiography for clinically indicated reasons (n=3.097) and in a subgroup of the KORA MI study (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg), which is a population-based MI registry (n=403).

Compared with tricuspid aortic valve disease, CAE occurred more than twice as frequently in cardiac magnetic resonance–confirmed BAV disease (17% versus 44%;
P
<0.0001) and CAE was observed similarly often in subjects with BAV with (37%) and without (54%,
P
=0.11) ascending aortic pathology. The common appearance of CAE in patients with BAV could be independently confirmed in the BAV registry (frequency 37%), whereas CAE was found less frequently in family history of positive MI patients (21%), sporadic MI without familial disposition (10%), and rarely in unrelated real-life catheterization patients (6%).

Conclusions—

To our knowledge, our data show for the first time that ectatic coronary artery disease is a common appearance of BAV disease with and without ascending aortic ectasia.
Effect of short-term hypoxia on the feeding activity of abundant nematode genera from an intertidal mudflat
Authors: Taheri Mehrshad , Giunio Marina , De Troch Marleen , Vincx Magda , Vanaverbeke Jan
Published: October 2016

The effect of short-term hypoxia (6 days) on the feeding activity of abundant nematode genera was investigated by means of a tracer experiment. Nematodes were sampled from the Paulina intertidal flat in the Westerschelde estuary (south-west Netherlands) and incubated with 13C pre-labelled diatoms at the sediment-water interface in oxic and hypoxic treatments. In general, specific uptake and uptake of carbon per unit of nematode carbon were low in all studied genera, which indicated that the added diatoms represented a limited food source for the investigated nematode genera. Results from such a low uptake are difficult to interpret; however, there was no significant decrease in feeding activity of all dominant nematodes in the hypoxic treatments. The low carbon uptake might be related to low access of nematodes and their low feeding preference to the added diatoms in the experimental cores.
Juridical Field or Legal Profession? Comparison of Bourdieusian Theory and Theory of Professionalism for Studies of Legal Community
Authors: Kazun Anton
Published: October 2016

The article looks at how Pierre Bourdieu’s fields theory and the theory of professionalism correlate in the analysis of legal communities. We demonstrate that even though Pierre Bourdieu criticized the notion of profession and called for it to be abandoned, his views regarding the legal field were in fact very close to the concept of professionalism. Based on a number of publications citing both these approaches we can conclude that today researchers hardly ever use both these approaches simultaneously. This means that combining these two methodological approaches has a lot of potential.
The Media of Power, the Power of Media
Authors: Artz Lee
Published: October 2016

This essay combines international political economy with a critical political economy of media perspective that recognizes the crucial role of transnational media corporations (tnmc) in building consent for neoliberal globalization. Media are found to be instrumental for consolidating transnational capitalist hegemony—creating a popular culture based on individualism, deference to authority, and consumerism.tnmcs consolidate diverse national media for the production of hybrid programming that features multiple local images and symbols wrapped in consumerist ideology and narratives. Examples from animation reveal consistent themes intnmccontent that entertain and appeal to diverse audiences, illustrating media’s persuasive messages essential to the cultural hegemony of transnational capitalist leadership.
Emergence of the Transnational Capitalist Class in Sports: Manchester United Football Club (mufc) and the English Premier League (epl)
Authors: Velayutham Sivakumar , Velayutham Ajantha
Published: October 2016

Transnational capitalism has been described as the emerging new stage of capitalism characterized by sharp increases in foreign direct investment, the rise of a global financial system, and increased interlocking of positions within the global corporate structure in many countries and industries. These have been identified as some empirical indicators of the transnational integration of capitalists. This thesis has however rarely been applied to sports probably because it could be considered the antithesis of transnational capitalism. First, sports more than any other form of social activity is associated with nationalism, and second, sport has traditionally been associated with amateurism.

The transformation of Manchester United Football Club (mufc) from a local club to a transnational corporation within the English Premier League (epl) is used as an example of the colonization of sport by the transnational capitalist class (tcc). The study highlights a number of emerging characteristics of transnational capitalism. First, the study points to the emergence of transnational capitalist class (tcc) centers with London and England as one of them. Second, the study also highlights the role of modern technologies of communication and media, and branding in the emergence transnational capitalism.
Between Power and Powerlessness: Labor Unrest in Western Europe in Times of Crisis
Authors: Schmalz Stefan , Weinmann Nico
Published: October 2016

The article analyzes the recent wave of labor unrest in Western Europe after the 2008 financial and economic crisis. It draws theoretically on the global capitalism school and a labor power resource approach, and empirically on a database on social conflict (JenaConDa). Unlike the last cycle of contention between 1968 and 1973, the post-2008 conflicts have changed in two respects: First, the uneven and combined development of European integration has led to a spatially uneven distribution of workers’ protests. Second, in the current wave of conflict, new forms of non-institutionalized conflicts have emerged.
The status of Hormathophylla baetica: a new combination and lectotypification in Hormathophylla cochleata
Authors: SALMERÓN-SÁNCHEZ ESTEBAN , AGUILAR JAVIER FUERTES , ŠPANIEL STANISLAV , MENDOZA-FERNÁNDEZ ANTONIO JESÚS , MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ FABIÁN , MOTA JUAN F.
Published: October 2016

The taxonomic status of Hormathophylla baetica and its phylogenetic relationships to other Hormatophylla species are the subject of controversy. As part of an ongoing study on the genus Hormathophylla, we find that molecular, morphological and biogeographical evidence supports the placement of H. baetica as a subspecies of H. cochleata. We also discuss and designate a lectotype for H. cochleata.
Novelties in Brazilian Anchietea A.St.-Hil. (Violaceae): A new species from inselbergs in the Atlantic rainforest and an update on the conservation status of Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty
Authors: DE PAULA-SOUZA JULIANA , PIRANI JOSÉ RUBENS
Published: October 2016

Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza, a new species of Violaceae endemic to inselbergs in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, endemic to the Caatinga in Bahia state, being recognized by its obovate to suborbicular fruit valves, ovate or widely elliptic to suborbicular leaves and more congested arrangement of leaves and flowers/fruits. An updated key to the species of Anchietea A.St.-Hil. is provided, and a preliminary conservation assessment using IUCN criteria are provided for both the new species and and A. ferrucciae.            Anchietea ballardii Paula-Souza, uma nova espécie de Violaceae endêmica de inselbergs do Espírito Santo, Brasil, é descrita e ilustrada. A nova espécie é morfologicamente relacionada à Anchietea ferrucciae Paula-Souza & Zmarzty, endêmica da Caatinga da Bahia, sendo distinta pelas valvas dos frutos obovais a suborbiculares, folhas ovais ou largamente elípticas a suborbiculares e arranjo mais congesto de folhas e flores/frutos. Uma chave de identificação atualizada para as espécies de Anchietea A.St.-Hil. é apresentada, assim como a avaliação de seu status de conservação e o de A. ferrucciae.
Lectotypification of the name Lycopus coreanus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: SON DONG CHAN , KIM YOON-YOUNG , JI SEONG-JIN , CHANG KAE SUN
Published: October 2016

The genus Lycopus Linnaeus (1753: 21), well-known to include stoloniferous-perennial herbaceous plants of the mint family, consists of about fifteen species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and Australia, which are distinguished by several morphological characteristics such as the dentate to pinnatifid, opposite leaves, flowers in compact, sessile axillary verticillasters, a 4–5 lobed tubular or campanulate calyx, a short subactinomorphic corolla with 2 adnate, exert stamens, and dry tetrahedral one-seeded nutlets (Henderson 1962, Moon & Hong 2006). In Northeast Asia (including northeastern China, Korea, Japan and Far East Russia), nine species are recognized, mostly occurring in low wetland areas (Murata & Yamazaki 1993, Li & Hedge 1994, Probatova 1995, Son et al. 2016).
Oblique Internal Hydraulic Jumps at a Stratified Estuary Mouth
Authors: Honegger David A. , Haller Merrick C. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Farquharson Gordon
Published: October 2016

Observations and analyses of two tidally recurring, oblique, internal hydraulic jumps at a stratified estuary mouth (Columbia River, Oregon/Washington) are presented. These hydraulic features have not previously been studied due to the challenges of both horizontally resolving the sharp gradients and temporally resolving their evolution in numerical models and traditional observation platforms. The jumps, both of which recurred during ebb, formed adjacent to two engineered lateral channel constrictions and were identified in marine radar image time series. Jump occurrence was corroborated by (i) a collocated sharp gradient in the surface currents measured via airborne along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar and (ii) the transition from supercritical to subcritical flow in the cross-jump direction via shipborne velocity and density measurements. Using a two-layer approximation, observed jump angles at both lateral constrictions are shown to lie within the theoretical bounds given by the critical internal long-wave (Froude) angle and the arrested maximum-amplitude internal bore angle, respectively. Also, intratidal and intertidal variability of the jump angles are shown to be consistent with that expected from the two-layer model, applied to varying stratification and current speed over a range of tidal and river discharge conditions. Intratidal variability of the upchannel jump angle is similar under all observed conditions, whereas the downchannel jump angle shows an additional association with stratification and ebb velocity during the low discharge periods. The observations additionally indicate that the upchannel jump achieves a stable position that is collocated with a similarly oblique bathymetric slope.
Neutrophil biomarkers predict response to therapy with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wright Helen L , Cox Trevor , Moots Robert J , Edwards Steven W
Published: October 2016

Neutrophils are implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the mechanisms regulating their activation are largely unknown. RA is a heterogeneous disease, and whereas many patients show clinical improvement during TNF inhibitor (TNFi) therapy, a significant proportion fails to respond. In vitro activation of neutrophils with agents, including TNF, results in rapid and selective changes in gene expression, but how neutrophils contribute to TNF signaling in RA and whether TNFi sensitivity involves differential neutrophil responses are unknown. With the use of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we analyzed blood neutrophils from 20 RA patients, pre-TNFi therapy, to identify biomarkers of response, measured by a decrease in disease activity score based on 28 joint count (DAS28), 12 wk post-therapy. Biomarkers were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of blood neutrophils from 2 further independent cohorts of RA patients: 16 pre-TNFi and 16 predisease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Twenty-three neutrophil transcripts predicted a 12-wk response to TNFi: 10 (IFN-regulated) genes predicting a European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) good response and 13 different genes [neutrophil granule protein (NGP) genes] predicting a nonresponse. Statistical analysis indicated a predictive sensitivity and specificity of each gene in the panel of >80%, with some 100% specific. A combination of 3 genes [cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), IFN-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1B (IFIT1B), and RNASE3] had the greatest predictive power [area under the curve (AUC) 0.94]. No correlation was found for a response to DMARDs. We conclude that this panel of genes is selective for predicting a response to TNFi and is not a surrogate marker for disease improvement. We also show that in RA, there is great plasticity in neutrophil phenotype, with circulating cells expressing genes normally only expressed in more immature cells.
Muddled mechanisms: recent progress towards antimalarial target identification
Authors: Edwards Rachel L. , Odom John Audrey R.
Published: October 2016

In the past decade, malaria rates have plummeted as a result of aggressive infection control measures and the adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). However, a potential crisis looms ahead. Treatment failures to standard antimalarial regimens have been reported in Southeast Asia, and devastating consequences are expected if resistance spreads to the African continent. To prevent a potential public health emergency, the antimalarial arsenal must contain therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action (MOA). An impressive number of high-throughput screening (HTS) campaigns have since been launched, identifying thousands of compounds with activity against one of the causative agents of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum. Now begins the difficult task of target identification, for which studies are often tedious, labor intensive, and difficult to interpret. In this review, we highlight approaches that have been instrumental in tackling the challenges of target assignment and elucidation of the MOA for hit compounds. Studies that apply these innovative techniques to antimalarial target identification are described, as well as the impact of the data in the field.
Fixing the application of the generic name Naematelia (Tremellales) by lectotypification
Authors: Hawksworth David L. , Millanes Ana M. , Wedin Mats
Published: October 2016

The place of publication and typification of the generic name Naematelia is discussed, and N. encephala is confirmed as the correct name of the type of the genus name. That name was a replacement name for the earlier N. encephaliformis , which is lectotypified by a Willdenow plate; as selection of an epitype cannot be justified at present, a sequenced specimen from Sweden is selected as a reference specimen to represent the molecular application of the name in our sense. As the name N. encephala is a sanctioned name, it must be retained over N. encephaliformis. The species is fungicolous, widespread, growing mainly on Stereum sanguinolentum on conifers, but also reported on deciduous trees.
Production Prime Cost As a Key Indicator of Production and Economic Activity of the Enterprise
Authors: Каманина  , Kamanina Raisa
Published: October 2016

The main task of development of economy at the present stage is to fully

improve the production efficiency and the sustainable occupation of positions

of enterprises on the domestic and international markets. To withstand the

intense competition and win the trust of customers, the company has to

favorably stand out against the enterprises of the same type. It is well known that

the consumer is interested in quality and price of products. The higher the

quality and lower the price, the better and more profitable for the buyer. These

indicators and enclosed in the cost of production.

Prime cost is the basis of determination of product prices. Systematic reduction

of production costs is one of the basic conditions of increase of efficiency of

production. It has a direct impact on the amount of profit, level of profitability.
Problems of Realization of the Russian Start-up Market in the Economic Crisis
Authors: Михайлова  , Mikhaylova P.
Published: October 2016

The level of country´s economic development depends largely on the degree

of involvement of the innovation and intellectual labor in the economy. This

article focuses on identifying the main problems of start-ups´ realization in

Russia during the economic crisis. The current trend on the Russian start-up

market is analyzed. The new opportunities that allow start-ups to be implemented

and developed in Russia are considered.
Prospects for Attracting Foreign Investment in the Economy of Regions of Russia: Opportunities and Threats (On the Example of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Мешкова  , Meshkova D.
Published: October 2016

The author considers the complex existing law regulating the activities of foreign

investors in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the dynamics and structure

of foreign investments in the Russian economy on the example of the subjects

of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation is given. The attention

is focused on solving fundamental problems to improve the efficiency of

management of foreign investment.
Robustly Strategic Consumption–Portfolio Rules with Informational Frictions
Authors: Luo Yulei
Published: October 2016

This paper provides a tractable continuous-time, constant absolute risk aversion–Gaussian framework to explore how the interactions of fundamental uncertainty, model uncertainty due to a preference for robustness, and state uncertainty due to information-processing constraints (rational inattention) affect strategic consumption–portfolio rules and precautionary savings in the presence of uninsurable labor income. Specifically, after solving the model explicitly, I compute and compare the elasticities of strategic asset allocation and precautionary savings to risk aversion, robustness, and inattention. Furthermore, for plausibly estimated and calibrated model parameters, I quantitatively analyze how the interactions of model uncertainty and state uncertainty affect the optimal share invested in the risky asset and show that they can provide a potential explanation for the observed stockholding behavior of households with different education and income levels.

This paper was accepted by Neng Wang, finance.
Shareholder Litigation and Ownership Structure: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Crane Alan D. , Koch Andrew
Published: October 2016

We use a natural experiment to identify a causal effect of the threat of shareholder litigation on ownership structure, governance, and firm performance. We find that when it becomes harder for small shareholders to litigate, ownership becomes more concentrated and shifts from individuals to institutions. Director and officer governance protections drop among these firms, and operating performance drops among firms whose ownership structure does not change. These results suggest that the ability of shareholders to coordinate and litigate against management is important for governance.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Intermittent self-catheterisation for urolgical problems caused by FGM
Authors: Duncan Debbie
Published: October 2016

This is the fourth and final article in a series on female genital mutilation (FGM). It describes the complications of FGM, with a focus on the urinary ones. FGM refers to all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia and/or damage to other female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified FGM into four types (1–4). Women who have type 3 commonly experience long-term complications of their urological tract. The first-line treatment for type 3 FGM involves surgical defibulation, but this is not always successful and women can be left with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and urethral stricture disease. Intermittent self-catheterisation (ISC) enables these women to have control of their bladder function.
Radiotherapy after prostatectomy: prognosis, timing and outcomes
Authors: Wilson Anna
Published: October 2016

Biochemical disease-free survival following radical prostatectomy can be improved with the use of adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy. However, there is a lack of consensus over the ideal timing to start adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after surgery. The literature in relation to adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy was reviewed, focusing specifically on the prognostic factors that influence the need for postoperative radiotherapy, outcomes following adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy and potential side effects. Post-surgery prognostic factors can be useful in identifying patients early on who may benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. While there is literature examining the role of radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy, few dedicated trials investigate this area thoroughly.
Research roundup: October 2016
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: October 2016

In brief

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appear to hasten the loss of lung function, even in mild disease. Treatment with fluticasone furoate plus vilanterol may reduce the rate of moderate or severe exacerbations. Vitamin D supplements seem to reduce the risk of severe asthmatic exacerbations. Atrial fibrillation may increase the risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases as well as mortality and stroke. Children born by caesarean section seem more likely to become obese than those delivered vaginally.
Treatments for managing oral mucositis
Authors: Meade Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

Oral mucositis is a serious, debilitating and painful complication of cancer treatment. It affects patients' quality of life, nutritional status and impairs speech and swallowing. It can also affect adherence to treatment. Mucositis weakens the mucosal barrier thereby increasing the potential for life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. It can lead to disruptions in treatment, which affects patient outcomes and increases hospitalisation. Despite the prevalence of oral mucositis, treatment options are limited and are typically not based on clinical trial evidence. Accurate assessment, monitoring of patients and comprehensive education are essential in the management of oral mucositis. Therefore, implications for treating oral mucositis for the prescriber are discussed. Comprehensive guidelines are provided by the Multinational Association of Supportive Cancer Care and International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO). Further robust research is required into the prevention and management of oral mucositis.
Influences on quality of prescribing in breast cancer patients
Authors: O`Reilly Helen Anne , Dowling Maura
Published: October 2016

This article presents a discussion on both positive and negative influences on quality of prescribing in clinical practice. It explores how such influences have an impact on breast cancer patients on adjuvant hormonal therapy. Since hormonal therapy in the adjuvant setting for breast cancer patients is associated with a reduction in both recurrence and mortality rates, the impact of quality prescribing can result in a meaningful long-term outcome for this particular group of patients. In Ireland, nurse prescribing is a relatively new development and continues to develop. Guiding the registered prescribing nurse in practice, prescribing duties are undertaken in line with a dual framework incorporating both legislative and professional mandates. Although these guidelines serve to direct and ensure quality prescribing, no governing mandate meets all the complexities and challenges faced in clinical practice.
Practical considerations when initiating insulin
Authors: Smyth Theresa , Blackwood Karen
Published: October 2016

Insulin treatment is essential in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This article focuses on type 2 diabetes and the initiation of insulin. There are many considerations and challenges involved in this process. In this article, the authors will discuss when insulin should be started, selection of insulin, common barriers and potential strategies.
Male Partners’ Involvement in Abortion Care: A Mixed‐Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Altshuler Anna L. , Nguyen Brian T. , Riley Halley E.M. , Tinsley Marilyn L. , Tuncalp Özge
Published: October 2016

CONTEXT

Although some women may desire the involvement of their partners when obtaining abortion care, male partners are not routinely included in the abortion process. A review of the literature on how male involvement relates to women's abortion experiences may help guide facilities that are considering incorporating male partners in abortion care.

METHODS

PubMed, PsycINFO (Ovid), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched without restrictions through September 23, 2015, to identify qualitative and quantitative primary studies investigating male partner accompaniment during the abortion process in noncoercive situations. Analysis focused on identifying different types of male involvement and their associations with women's abortion experiences.

RESULTS

Some 1,316 unique articles were reviewed; 15 were analyzed. These studies were conducted in six countries and published between 1985 and 2012, primarily with observational designs. Four types of male partner involvement emerged: presence in the medical facility, participation in preabortion counseling, presence in the room during the surgical abortion procedure or while the woman is experiencing the effects of abortifacient medications, and participation in postabortion care. Studies explored relationships between type of involvement and women's access to abortion care and their emotional and physical well‐being. Most findings suggested that male involvement was positively associated with women's well‐being and their assessment of the experience; no negative associations were found.

CONCLUSION

In noncoercive circumstances, women who include their male partners in the abortion process may find this involvement beneficial.
Imaginative Anarchy
Authors: Đurica Radmilla
Published: October 2016

Like numerous other festivals, the PUF festival in Croatia got its start as an experiment, in this case following the war and disintegration of Yugoslavia. In an era of great crisis in the Croatian theatre scene, this international festival introduced a new dramatic vocabulary. It was founded in 1994 by the directors of three non-institutional theatres: Branko Sušec (PUF), Nebojša Borojević (the Daska Theatre in Siska), and Roman Bogdan (the Čakovec Pinklec). In the war-torn 90s, the founders decided that the festival was to take place in Pula and not Dubrovnik because the war had largely spared the former. The festival finalised its name, the PUF International Theatre Festival, in 1996.
Rehearsal with the Elite from the Front Row
Authors: Jelesijević Nenad
Published: October 2016

The performance Capital by Ivica Buljan, which was conceived while reading Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty, is a presentation of the work process by a group of young actresses and actors who try to reflect the contemporary paradigm of capital. From a directorial perspective, this is not a wilful aestheticisation of the chosen texts, which we read as a sign of the sincerity of the artists’ collective effort. Although the explanatory approach and the burden of the dramatic form hinder effective expression of personal stances on the chosen topic, the created material can serve as a solid ground for an eventual upgrade of this study production, which could bring about a more pronounced engagement or performance of the discourse – out of itself.
The Post-Futurist Manifesto
Authors: Berardi-Bifo Franco
Published: October 2016

We declare that the splendor of the world has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of autonomy. Each to her own rhythm; nobody must be constrained to march at a uniform pace. Cars have lost their allure of rarity and above all they can no longer perform the task they were conceived for: speed has slowed down. Cars are immobile as stupid slumbering tortoises in city traffic. Only slowness is fast.
Yes, I Told Her in the Middle of ...
Authors: Rozas Ixiar
Published: October 2016

Drawing on fragments from the performance Plastika (2013), this article explores the relationship between text and voice, between a text and its voices. The voice that it deals with is both textual and oral, even though it reaches us in written form or as grafts, and it allows us to listen to more than just the materiality of language, the sonority of the words, and the grain of the voice, In this textual voice, which can be both poetic and performative, we can hear the uniqueness of a voice that exceeds meaning, escapes the body, and begins interating with other singular bodies, drives and disruptions of the transformative power of the voice and of language.
Dance Criticism: The Criticism of Crisis
Authors: Schnabl Ana
Published: October 2016

The text “Dance Criticism: The Criticism of Crisis” thinks about the situation and role of dance criticism. The initial thesis of the text concerns itself with the misguidedness of dance criticism, which does not recognize the fact that contemporary dance is in crisis, but rather treats its subject as given. The text suspects that dance criticism – despite clear evidence of its confusion – still knows what dance is. Simultaneously, the text battles against the view that dance criticism should report on the quality of performances. It attempts to lay this view to rest and develops a different perspective, elevating dance criticism as the companion of the historical moment, the philosophical co-traveller of dance. The author hopes for different, dialectical and slippery critical forms and content.