bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Handling and Feeding Techniques for Skewering Operations
Authors: Jing Yi , Lyu Jiaqi , Liu Wenbo , Yao Tianqi , Cao Yupeng , Lu Yuzhen , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2024

Highlights

An automated system connects skewering operations for unattended kebab production.

Separating and aligning meat cubes, vegetable slices, and shrimp (C-shape).

Multi-machine mode for producing meat and vegetables, and shrimp and vegetable kebabs.

Abstract. Barbecue kebab skewers typically consist of various meat choices, including chicken, lamb, pork, or seafood, and vegetables such as onion and pepper. Traditionally, manual kebab-making is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process, which is considered to be replaced by semi-auto and full-auto skewering machines. Currently, semi-auto skewering machines still require two main manual preparation processes: align the small meat and vegetable pieces into lines for skewering operations; superpose the large pieces of meat and vegetables, then do skewering and cutting operations. Fully automated skewering machines also have two different strategies. The first one is to use rotating scrappers and cups with a respective depth to ensure only one item can be loaded into each cup. All the cups are arranged into sequential cup rows and cup lines for skewering operations. However, the cups are frequently left empty because the rotating scrapper design often blocks any items falling into cups. Thus, some processing facilities still need extra labor to manually fill these empty cups. Another solution is the pick-and-place method by using robot arms and real-time image processing equipment, which cannot process irregular food pieces, such as shrimps (C-shape). In this paper, a novel fully automated handling and feeding system has been developed to prepare and connect the skewering operations to establish unattended kebab production lines. The performances of singulation, handling, and feeding operations have been investigated with different parameter settings and food items. Besides, the presented machine system is the first realization of unattended kebab production lines to process shrimps (C-shape), and the first design of using horizontal skewering operation to produce meat and vegetable kebabs (cube+ square piece) and shrimp and vegetable kebabs (C-shape+ square piece). This study will be beneficial for developing more effective next-generation skewering technologies and better value-added meat and seafood products. Keywords: Automated skewering, Computer vision, Food sorting automation, Kebab skewer, Robotic food preparation, Singulation.
Internal Foliar Air Velocity Characteristics for Soybeans Tested in a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Eswarachandra Nataraj , Womac Alvin Ray , Duncan Lori , Kochendorfer John
Published: September 2024

Highlights

Air velocity characteristics within soybean rows were monitored to inquire about potential spray droplet movement inside dense foliage.

Magnitude of air velocity at high and middle canopy heights decreased with decreasing row spacing and increasing plant canopy leaf area index.

Potential for external light wind to penetrate dense soybean foliage and to transition to an internal wind velocity appeared limited due to blockage by the foliage.

Abstract. The objective of this study was to characterize air velocities within a group of soybean plants under controlled conditions in a University of Tennessee biosystems engineering low-speed wind tunnel. The wind tunnel had 13 module sections that were each sized 1.22 m long, 2 m high, by 2 m wide, and was powered with a 93.25-kW motor and variable frequency drive at a mean air velocity of 1.4 m s-1. Extreme high air velocities were avoided to reduce the impact and added complexities of plant structural deflections. Wind tunnel tests were conducted with soybeans grown in pots placed in the wind tunnel with pot row spacings selected as 0.25, 0.38, and 0.51 m to vary the openness of the plant canopy. These row spacings represented narrow production practices that were perceived as difficult for spray droplets to penetrate. Soybeans were grown in pots outdoors to achieve plants that resembled the hardy structural characteristics of those in field production. Plants reached the R3 growth stage when the air velocity experiments started, and mean plant height and width were 0.51 and 0.46 m, respectively. Outdoor plant canopy leaf area index (LAI) measured at heights of 0.28 and 0.43 m for pot row spacings of 0.25, 0.38, and 0.51 m were 8.27, 6.66, and 5.59 m2 m-2 and 7.04, 6.49, and 5.01 m2 m-2, respectively. Thus, increased measurement height and increased row spacing reduced LAI values as expected. Soybean pots were placed in rows oriented along the length of the wind tunnel. Air velocity component values in the foliar canopy were the greatest for longitudinal components, followed by vertical and lateral components. A complex system of three-dimensional air velocities was observed along soybean rows of various row spacings. The soybean canopy was perceived as the root cause of wind velocity blockage resulting in mean longitudinal wind velocities ranging from -0.01 to 0.61 m s-1 depending on row spacing, location between- or in-row and measurement height. Using ambient wind to reliably and consistently aid spray penetration and droplet movement into soybeans grown under conditions with dense foliage appeared to further compound the issue of spray penetration. Keywords: Agricultural wind tunnel, Anemometer, Field crop foliage, Leaf area index, Plant canopy analyzer, Row spacing, Spray deposit, Wind resultants.
Metallosis Following Non-Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Review
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,, Sangani Karthik , Ramesh Garipalli ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Osmania General Hospital and Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,, Chakrapani Arjun ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Metallosis which is traditionally associated with Metal-on-Metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty can occur with other bearing surfaces too, posing diagnostic challenges. They can be asymptomatic or present with local and systemic symptoms. This article reports a case of metallosis in a total hip replacement (THR) with metal on polyethylene (PE) articulation who presented with dislocation. It also reviews the pathology and various presentations of metallosis following hip arthroplasty. Case Report: A 35-year-old female patient presented 4 years after a left THR with recurrent dislocation. It was an uncemented prosthesis with metal on PE articulation. Serology and radiological investigations were done to evaluate for infection, implant loosening, implant malposition, etc. The femoral stem appeared to be in varus malposition. She was posted for revision surgery with a pre-operative plan to change the femoral stem and head if necessary. Intraoperative signs of local metallosis were noticed. Debridement was done along with the change of the femoral stem and bearing surface to ceramic on PE. Metallosis was also later confirmed by the histopathological report. The patient has been symptom-free during the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusion: Metallosis can occur even in non-MoM articulations and a high degree of clinical suspicion is required to detect the same preoperatively. Classical signs of metallosis can often be absent in the early disease and subtle signs of instability must be looked out for even in the absence of obvious misalignment in radiographic assessment. Metallosis when combined with malposition or malalignment can be more detrimental. If detected early before osteolysis and periarticular soft tissue damage sets in, a complete revision of all the implant components and abductor damage can be avoided. In suspected cases, a lower threshold should be adopted for sending blood and joint aspirates for cobalt-chromium levels. Keywords: Metallosis, total hip arthroplasty, hip dislocation, pseudotumor, aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis-associated lesion, adverse local tissue reactions lesion.
A Case of Parathyroid Adenoma with Bilateral Subtrochanteric Pathological Femur Fracture – A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, HBT Medical College and Dr. R.N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Gunay Siddharth , Avhad Tanmay ,   Department of Orthopaedics, B.Y.L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Modi Nihar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, B.Y.L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Patil Harshal ,   Department of Orthopaedics, B.Y.L Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a commonly occurring endocrine disorder that is characterized by elevated calcium levels, decreased phosphate levels, and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The condition can lead to significant bone resorption and pathological fractures. Case Report: We report a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with bilateral thigh pain after a trivial fall at home. Radiological investigations revealed a subtrochanteric fracture of the bilateral femur that was deemed pathological. Biochemical testing indicated severe hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia with elevated levels of serum PTH and an increased alkaline phosphatase level. Ultrasound and computed tomography scans confirmed a parathyroid adenoma, which was treated through excision and histopathological examination. The patient underwent orthopedic intervention for bilateral subtrochanteric femur fracture, and follow-up investigations showed normal biochemical markers and fracture union within 6 months. Conclusion: Primary hyperparathyroidism should be kept in mind when dealing with bone lesions connected to hypercalcemia, even in asymptomatic individuals and individuals presenting with a trivial mode of trauma. The diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma requires a combination of radiological and biochemical investigations, and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended for the best possible outcome. Keywords: Primary hyperparathyroidism, pathological fracture, parathyroid adenoma, orthopedic intervention, multidisciplinary approach.
Bone Preservation in Femoral Intercondylar Box Cut – A Comparative Study between Older and Newer Generation Implants
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Pandian Haemanath , Kumar Nalli U Sanjeev ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Kumar K V Arun ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Uvaraj Nalli R ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India., Mohideen Sheik ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study was conducted to compare the quantity of intercondylar bone removed during femoral box osteotomy for implantation of three contemporary newer generation posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty designs Attune PS (DePuy), Anthem (Smith and Nephews), and NexGen Legacy (Zimmer) with the older version from the same manufacturers. Materials and Methods: We compared the maximum volumetric bone resection required for the housing of the PS mechanism of these six designs. Bone removal by each PS box cutting jig was three-dimensionally measured. The differences between the three designs were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used for pairwise comparisons. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The newer generation implants save approximately 33% of bone that was resected from the box cut as compared to the older versions. DePuy’s Attune PS saved 27.1% bone as compared to Sigma PS resecting 6.96 cm3 of bone, and Zimmer’s Persona saved 40.57% bone as compared to NexGen from the intercondylar box cut resecting 6.18 cm3. Smith and Nephew’s Anthem and Genesis have no difference in their box volume with both resecting 7.8 cm3 of bone. Conclusions: Irrespective of implant size, the Attune PS (DePuy) and Nexgen Legacy (Zimmer) cutting jigs always resected significantly less bone than did the jigs of older generations. There was no significant difference in the bone removed during femoral box osteotomy in the newer and older generations of Smith and Nephew. Keywords: Bone resection, box osteotomy, newer generation prosthesis, cruciate substituting, posterior stabilized, total knee arthroplasty.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture of Tibia: Fixation with Screw and Augmentation Using Ethibond Suture for Improved Clinical Outcomes
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Ghoti Santosh D , Shah Nadir Z ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Marfatia Ankit ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Punekar Akshay ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Ghag Niranjan Sunil ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Soheil Mohammad ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is a vital structure in knee biomechanics, and its avulsion fractures present a unique challenge. This prospective cohort study was conducted at Grant Government Medical College and JJ Hospital, Mumbai, aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) utilizing cancellous screws and ethibond suture augmentation for PCL avulsion fractures. PCL avulsion fractures often result from traumatic incidents, such as road traffic accidents, and are associated with complications if left untreated. Materials and Methods: Patients aged 20–45 years with isolated PCL avulsion fractures, confirmed by clinical and radiological assessments, were included. Seven eligible patients underwent ORIF, and outcomes were evaluated through clinical assessments, radiological imaging, and the Lysholm knee scoring system. Follow-ups were conducted for a mean time of 13.2 months, assessing stability, range of motion, and complications. Results: The study demonstrated a mean post-operative Lysholm score of 93.8, significantly improved from the pre-operative score of 49.6. Post-operative knee flexion averaged 125.2°. Fracture healing was observed in all cases, and complications were minimal. The study provides evidence of the effectiveness of ORIF with ethibond suture augmentation for PCL avulsion fractures. Conclusion: The study concludes that the proposed surgical technique yields positive outcomes, including enhanced knee functionality, successful fracture healing, and minimal complications. This approach, combining cancellous screws and ethibond suture augmentation, presents a promising option for the management of PCL avulsion fractures, contributing to the diverse landscape of effective treatment modalities. Keywords: PCL avulsion fracture, Ethibond suture augmentation, Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
Los modos de la sátira política en el siglo de oro: una concesión del conde-duque de Olivares
Authors: Usunáriz-Iribertegui Miren
Published: September 2024

Resumen: El trabajo procura examinar el modo en que se lleva a cabo la sátira contra el conde-duque de Olivares en dos composiciones concretas y cómo ambas se sirven del discurso confesional para construir una imagen paródica. El objetivo es comprobar cómo el texto satírico se opone y trata de invertir los esfuerzos propagandísticos impulsados por el propio conde-duque.
Quantum compressed sensing-based compound system for ranging/vibration measurement
Authors: Niu Hongqi , Yang Liu , Hu Jianyong , Yang Changgang , Feng Guosheng , Qiao Zhixing , Chen Ruiyun , Qin Chengbing , Zhang Guofeng , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: September 2024

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lidar offers high precision and strong interference resistance, capable of synchronously measuring target motion speed and vibration information. However, extracting target information using single-photon signal levels poses a critical challenge in extreme conditions. In this study, we propose a single-photon level FMCW lidar scheme. Quantum compressed sensing (QCS) is employed to simultaneously extract target distance and vibration information. Experimental results demonstrate successful synchronous detection at a beat frequency of 27.304 kHz and a vibration frequency of 500 Hz within an integration time of 0.125 s at a photon counting rate of 9 kcps. This approach provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, solution for FMCW radar application in extreme environments or long-range scenarios.
Geometric correction of cone beam computed laminography based on projected address translation
Authors: He Pan , Lu Rongsheng , Mu Ziyang , Shen Siyuan , Chen Gengyang , Li Hao
Published: September 2024

Precise alignment of the system scan geometry is crucial to the reconstruction quality of computed laminography (CL). Different from computed tomography (CT), a challenging task for CL image reconstruction is to deal with rotational axes that are no longer symmetrical. In this paper, we take advantage of the fact that the difference between the inverse of the projected transverse coordinates of two points rotated about the axis of rotation under the CL scan geometry sums to zero when the projection angle differs by 180 deg. Based on this fact, the projection data under the scanned geometry with errors are aligned to the theoretical projection geometry. To validate this calibration method, a numerical printed circuit board (PCB) phantom was simulated. The results demonstrate that this method is capable of achieving high accuracy compared to the previous methods. The experimental results on printed circuit boards (PCB) demonstrate that the method can effectively improve geometric alignment accuracy of CL and obtain high-resolution reconstructed images.
Improving the color quality evaluation of holographic prints with light pillars
Authors: Gong Xuping , Huang Min , Shang Xiaoyu , Chen Zhimin , Dong Haiping , Li Xiu
Published: September 2024

In order to study the influence of color difference contributed by different lightness, chroma, and hue differences on the human visual perception, 84 pairs of holographic prints from nine cigarette packaging products within 3.0 CIELAB color difference units were prepared. A color difference evaluation experiment was carried out by 22 experienced observers. The results indicated that the observers were more sensitive to hue differences in comparison to the lightness and chroma differences. In addition, the parametric factor and the power function optimization method were made on the standard CIELAB and the CIEDE2000 formulas with the combined 264 pairs of holographic prints, including 180 pairs of samples in the previous studies, in terms of the STRESS (standardized residual sum of squares) index. The results indicated that the optimized factors in CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas are kL: kC: kH =1: 1: 0.32 and kL: kC: kH = 1: 1: 0.34, respectively. Therefore, the ΔH*ab tolerance of 0.8 (for colorized samples) and 0.3 (for achromatic samples), as well as the ΔH00 tolerance of 0.54 (for colorized samples) and 0.4 (for achromatic samples) were recommended for the evaluation of holographic prints with light pillars, especially within the color difference of 3.0 CIELAB units.
Frequency aware high-quality computer-generated holography via multilevel wavelet learning and channel attention
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Chen Jing , Yao Yongwei , Wang Leshan , Qiu Bingsen , Wang Yongtian
Published: September 2024

Deep learning-based computer-generated holography offers significant advantages for real-time holographic displays. Most existing methods typically utilize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the basic framework for encoding phase-only holograms (POHs). However, recent studies have shown that CNNs suffer from spectral bias, resulting in insufficient learning of high-frequency components. Here, we propose a novel, to our knowledge, frequency aware network for generating high-quality POHs. A multilevel wavelet-based channel attention network (MW-CANet) is designed to address spectral bias. By employing multi-scale wavelet transformations, MW-CANet effectively captures both low- and high-frequency features independently, thus facilitating an enhanced representation of high-frequency information crucial for accurate phase inference. Furthermore, MW-CANet utilizes an attention mechanism to discern and allocate additional focus to critical high-frequency components. Simulations and optical experiments confirm the validity and feasibility of our method.
Phase gradient metasurface for arbitrary three-dimensional shaped near-field
Authors: Huang Hui-Fen , Niu Ke-Chun
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a methodology for generating arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) shaped near-field using phase gradient metasurface (PGMS) based on phase conjugation (PC) backtracking and shaped diffraction-free Bessel beam array techniques. The PGMS is designed by combining MATLAB and electromagnetic (EM) simulation software (CST). To the knowledge of the authors, for the first time, a 3D-shaped near-field is generated without increasing cost, structural and calculating complexity, and a methodology for generating arbitrarily shaped diffraction-free beam array is developed by MATLAB. To verify the technique, a planar PGMS is designed for dual x-polarized 3D-shaped near-fields: qq image “” in direction (θ1 = 5°, φ1 = 0°) and a flower image “” in direction (θ2 = 10°, φ2 = 180°). The advantages of the 3D-shaped near-fields are as follows: high conversion efficiency 30.5% (measured), wideband 60.5%, and low sidelobe -15 dB. The proposed technique is confirmed by the calculated, simulated, and measured results.
Perspectives on health, illness, disease and management approaches among Baganda traditional spiritual healers in Central Uganda
Authors: Sekagya Yahaya H. K. , Muchunguzi Charles , Unnikrishnan Payyappallimana , Mulogo Edgar M.
Published: September 2024

In Uganda, spirituality is closely associated with traditional healthcare; however, though prevalent, it is considered controversial, mystical, less documented and often misunderstood. There is a paucity of literature on the description of health, illness, disease, and management approaches among traditional spiritual healers. This article examines the perspectives on health, illness, disease, and management approaches among Baganda traditional spiritual healers, the Balubaale, in Central Uganda, who engage ancestral spirits during health care and management. We used a qualitative study design in particular grounded theory. We used semi-structured, qualitative interviews and observation on 12 male and female purposively selected Balubaale in Central Uganda. Data was transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed using ATLAS ti. 22 Computer software based on an inductive approach. Findings show that the words and concepts describing health, illness, disease, and management approaches are descriptive and contextualized to include the problem, the prospected root-causes, and the therapeutic approaches involved. The words for illness “olumbe”, disease “obulwadde” and the management approaches such as divination (kulagula), ritual cleansing (kwambulula), amulets (ensiriba and yirizi), and scarification (kusandaga) have spiritual and social dimensions, contextual meanings and attachments. Further research is recommended among other tribes and larger sample size to compare findings and terminologies to facilitate communication and policy considerations.
Prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy in a Tanzanian region after a prolonged community-directed treatment with ivermectin
Authors: Mushi Vivian P. , Bhwana Dan , Massawe Isolide S. , Makunde Williams , Sebukoto Hillary , Ngasa Willison , Sengerema Joel , Mhina Athanas , Hayuma Paul M. , Kimambo Henrika , Kidima Winifrida , Matuja William , Sander Josemir W. , Cross Helen , Sen Arjune , Colebunders Robert , Newton Charles R. , Mmbando Bruno P. ,   EPInA Study Group
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Epidemiological evidence suggests that Onchocerca volvulus is associated with epilepsy, although the exact pathophysiological mechanism is unknown. Mahenge is an endemic focus of onchocerciasis, with the longest-running ivermectin treatment intervention in Tanzania. We assessed the prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy after 25 years of control using ivermectin.

Methods

This was a population-based cross-sectional study in 34 villages in Mahenge in 2021. Community health workers conducted door-to-door household surveys to enumerate the population and screen for individuals suspected of epilepsy using a standardised questionnaire. Trained physicians confirmed epilepsy. Children aged 6–11 years were screened for onchocerciasis antibodies using the Ov16 rapid test. Villages were stratified into three altitude levels (low [<400], medium [400–950], and high [>950 meters above sea level]) as a proxy for rapids, which black flies favour for breeding sites. Incidence of epilepsy was estimated as a ratio of new cases in the year preceding the survey per 100,000 population.

Results

56,604 individuals (median age 20.2 years, 51.1% females) were surveyed. Onchocerciasis prevalence in children was 11.8% and was highest in villages at medium (21.7%) and lowest in low altitudes (3.2%), p<0.001. Self-reported use of ivermectin was 88.4%. Epilepsy prevalence was 21.1 (95%CI: 19.9–22.3) cases per 1000 persons and was highest in medium (29.5%) and lowest in the lowlands (12.7%). The odds ratio (OR) of having epilepsy was significantly higher in females (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08–1.38), middle altitudes (OR = 2.34 [95%CI: 2.04–2.68]), and in individuals positive for OV16 (OR = 1.98 [95%CI:1.57–2.50]). The incidence of epilepsy a year before the survey was 117 (95%CI: 99.7–160.4) cases per 100,000 person-years.

Conclusion

Despite ivermectin use for 25 years, the prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy remains high. It is crucial to strengthen bi-annual ivermectin treatment and initiate interventions targeting vectors to control onchocerciasis and epilepsy in the area.
Study on the pressure relief energy dissipation law of variable-diameter boreholes in roadway surrounding rock under dynamic and static loads
Authors: Lyu Jinguo , Qi Linfan , Pan Yishan , Dai Lianpeng , Tang Zhi , Wang Xuebin
Published: September 2024

To address the conflict between pressure relief and support effectiveness caused by large-diameter boreholes in roadway surrounding rock, this paper proposes a method involving variable-diameter boreholes for pressure relief and energy dissipation. With a typical rock burst coal mine as the engineering context, the study establishes a mechanical model for variable-diameter boreholes through theoretical analysis to examine the elastic stress distribution around boreholes within the coal body. Physical similarity simulation tests are conducted to investigate the influence of conventional borehole and variable diameter borehole on the transmission pattern of dynamic load stress waves. Furthermore, numerical simulations are employed to explore the effects of reaming diameter, depth, and spacing on pressure relief, energy dissipation, and attenuation of dynamic stress wave transmission in roadway surrounding rock. The results demonstrate that stress within the coal surrounding the variable-diameter borehole correlates with the borehole radius, lateral pressure coefficient, and distance from the point to the borehole center, the extent of the plastic zone is influenced by borehole diameter, spacing, and depth. Increased diameter, reduced spacing, and greater depth of deep reaming holes exacerbate the transfer of stress concentration from the surrounding rock of the roadway to the deeper regions, facilitating the formation of stress double peak areas. Moreover, the variable diameter position should be within the original stress peak position of the surrounding rock in the roadway, with deep reaming passing through the stress concentration area for optimal results. This study offers guidance on the prevention and control technology for rock bursts in deep coal mining operations.
Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathy etiology, features, management, and outcomes: A summative systematic review of 168 cases
Authors: Serhan Hashem Abu , Abuawwad Mohammad T. , Taha Mohammad J. J. , Hassan Amr K. , Abu-Ismail Luai , Delsoz Mohammad , Alrawashdeh Hamzeh M. , Alkorbi Hamad A. , Moushmoush Obadah , Elnahry Ayman G.
Published: September 2024

Background

To describe Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathy clinical features, etiologies, management options, and visual outcomes.

Methods

Our protocol was registered on PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42023406843]. Seven online databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Original articles were included if they reported at least one subject diagnosed with Purtscher’s or Purtscher-like retinopathy. The primary outcome is to describe the clinical features of Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathies, including etiologies, results of related investigations, management lines, and visual outcomes. All analyses were conducted with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Corp, SPSS Statistics ver. 26, USA) and Cochrane’s RevMan software. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the NIH quality assessment tools.

Results

A total of 114 articles were included, describing 168 cases of Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathy. Patients were evenly distributed between males (50.89%) and females (49.11%). Average age of patients was 34.62 years old. Trauma was the leading cause of retinopathy, being reported in 39.88% of our patients, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (13.1%) and acute pancreatitis (11.9%). Bilateral symptoms were reported in 57.7% of patients with centrally blurred vision being the most complained symptom (OS: 34.32% and OD: 18%). 75% of patients elicited bilateral retinal findings. Cotton-wool spots were of highest prevalence (58%). Purtscher flecken was seen in 53% of patients. Macular edema was seen in 13% of patients. Overall, patients had a favorable prognosis (53%).

Conclusion

Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathies are rare sight-threatening retinopathies that develop most commonly following trauma or other systemic diseases as SLE and acute pancreatitis. Little data is available regarding these conditions, and available data is of low quality. Patients develop bilateral disease in approximately 50% of cases, and several retinal findings are observed, with no specific tendency. Most observed signs are cotton-wool spots in around 55% of patients and Purtscher flecken in 51% of patients. Patients spontaneously recovered, although data is not conclusive. No clear prognostic value of etiological factors is identified, and further research is required in this regard.
Text2whaiora after a suicide attempt: Text message design alongside people with lived experience
Authors: Ng Lillian , Diamond Danielle , Ang Mike
Published: September 2024

Background

People with lived experience have had limited opportunities to meaningfully contribute to the design of caring contacts interventions. The objective of this study was to co-design text messages with peer support specialist staff to determine optimal language and delivery, within a cultural context.

Methods

In this qualitative study, participants were professional peer support specialist staff with lived experience employed by specialist mental health services. They were asked to evaluate the initial series of text messages by taking part in a focus group using a semi-structured interview. This was audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis with specific coding of cultural themes.

Results

Three main themes were identified: upholding a person’s autonomy; establishing connection as a bridge to safety; and, words as healing rongoā (remedy). The last theme contained a cultural subtheme: Māori language providing entry to the Māori world.

Conclusion

People with lived experience breathe empowerment and hope into caring contacts interventions and should be considered vital partners in developing any suicide prevention initiative. Feeling genuinely cared for promotes connection and may enable an internal sense of safety. Tailoring of texts can be enhanced by culturally nuanced language.
The story of ‘us’ is the story of ‘me’: A cross-sectional test of the influence of insecure attachment on narratives of romantic transgressions and high points
Authors: Lamarche Veronica M. , Blackie Laura E. R. , McLean Kate C.
Published: September 2024

Narratives play an important role in the development of the self-identity. Romantic relationships offer a powerful context in which to develop these narratives about the self through the good and the bad experiences people have with their partners. However, the stories we tell can also be colored by how we already see ourselves. In a secondary analysis, using a prospective longitudinal study of people in established romantic relationships (N = 402), we tested pre-registered hypotheses regarding how attachment anxiety and avoidance lead people to develop narratives about their relationship high-points and transgressions, and whether these narratives influence their relationship satisfaction over time. Relatively higher avoidance, but not anxiety, was related to narrative construction. Those relatively higher in avoidance made more negative event connections about themselves in their transgression narratives, and more positive event connections about themselves in their relationship high-point narratives. Narrative content, however, did not mediate the association between attachment anxiety and avoidance and relationship satisfaction. Despite the lack of support for some of our pre-registered hypotheses, these findings provide valuable insights into how insecure attachment influences the stories people tell about their relationships, and how they link these events back to the self.
Set aside—A qualitative study of partners’ experiences of pregnancy, labour, and postnatal care in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Holmlund Sophia , Linden Karolina , Wessberg Anna , Sengpiel Verena , Appelgren Cornelia , Lundmark Lisa , Lindqvist Maria
Published: September 2024

Background

Due to changes in Swedish maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic, partners were often excluded from antenatal and postnatal care.

Aim

To explore partners’ experiences of pregnancy, labour, and postnatal care in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative interview study with 15 partners of women who gave birth from March 2020 to March 2022. Data was collected from April to November 2022, and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Findings

Two themes and six subthemes were identified. The first theme, Feelings of loss and exclusion, emphasises the expectation and desire to share the journey of becoming a parent together with the pregnant partner. When excluded from maternity care, a feeling of missing out was described which could create a sense of distance from the unborn child. The second theme, Dealing with powerlessness, relates to the fear of infection and not being able to participate during the birth, and life being adapted to restrictions. Mixed feelings regarding the restrictions were described since the reasons behind were not always perceived as clear and logical.

Discussion

Sweden prides itself on gender equality, where partners normally are a natural part of maternity care. This likely contributed to strong feelings of exclusion when partners were prevented from participating in maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Partners of women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic were substantially affected by the restrictions within maternity care. Partners wish to be involved in pregnancy and birth and want to receive clear information as part of their preparation for parenthood. Society–including maternity care–must decide how to address these needs.
A machine learning approach for rapid early detection of Campylobacter spp. using absorbance spectra collected from enrichment cultures
Authors: Zhang Kefeng , Schang Christelle , Henry Rebekah , McCarthy David
Published: September 2024

Enumeration of Campylobacter from environmental waters can be difficult due to its low concentrations, which can still pose a significant health risk. Spectrophotometry is an approach commonly used for fast detection of water-borne pollutants in water samples, but it has not been used for pathogen detection, which is commonly done through a laborious and time-consuming culture or qPCR Most Probable Number enumeration methods (i.e., MPN-PCR approaches). In this study, we proposed a new method, MPN-Spectro-ML, that can provide rapid evidence of Campylobacter detection and, hence, water concentrations. After an initial incubation, the samples were analysed using a spectrophotometer, and the spectrum data were used to train three machine learning (ML) models (i.e., supported vector machine ‐ SVM, logistic regression–LR, and random forest–RF). The trained models were used to predict the presence of Campylobacter in the enriched water samples and estimate the most probable number (MPN). Over 100 stormwater, river, and creek samples (including both fresh and brackish water) from rural and urban catchments were collected to test the accuracy of the MPN-Spectro-ML method under various scenarios and compared to a previously standardised MPN-PCR method. Differences in the spectrum were found between positive and negative control samples, with two distinctive absorbance peaks between 540-542nm and 575-576nm for positive samples. Further, the three ML models had similar performance irrespective of the scenario tested with average prediction accuracy (ACC) and false negative rates at 0.763 and 13.8%, respectively. However, the predicted MPN of Campylobacter from the new method varied from the traditional MPN-PCR method, with a maximum Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.44 for the urban catchment dataset. Nevertheless, the MPN values based on these two methods were still comparable, considering the confidence intervals and large uncertainties associated with MPN estimation. The study reveals the potential of this novel approach for providing interim evidence of the presence and levels of Campylobacter within environmental water bodies. This, in turn, decreases the time from risk detection to management for the benefit of public health.
Optimizing planting times and weed management for enhanced yield and nutritional quality of baby corn and green fodder
Authors: Haque Md. Rejaul , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rahman , Kabiraj Md. Sojib , Razzak Md. Abdur , Sarkar Shubroto Kumar , Rashid Md. Harun , Paul Swapan Kumar
Published: September 2024

A study was carried out to ascertain the impact of planting time and weeding schedule on the yield and quality of baby corn. The trial included three planting times viz. 15 November, 15 December and 14 January and five levels of weeding regime viz. no weeding, two hand weeding (HW) at 15 days after sowing (DAS) and 30 DAS, herbicide pendimethalin @ 2.5 L ha-1 (pre-emergence) + one HW at 30 DAS, herbicide pyrazosulfuran-ethyl @ 2.0 L ha-1 (post-emergence) + one HW at 30 DAS and combined herbicide of pendimethalin + pyrazosulfuran-ethyl. The maximum cob yield with husk (11.93 t ha-1) and cob yield without husk (3.07 t ha-1) were obtained from the 15 December sowing with the application of pendimethalin followed by pyrazosulfuran-ethyl. Plants sown on 15 December with the application pyrazosulfuran-ethyl with one HW at 30 DAS gave the highest protein content in cobs (20.20%), while the leaf protein content showed the highest result (18.70%) in the plants sown on 15 December with no weeding. Therefore, it can be concluded that the baby corn might be planted on December 15 with the combined application of pendimethalin + pyrazosulfuran-ethyl herbicides and pyrazosulfuran-ethyl + one HW at 30 DAS for maximum cob yield and protein content, respectively.
The relationship between internet addiction and lifestyle among high school students: A cross sectional in the west of Iran
Authors: Shokri Azad , Mohamadi Asra , Mohammadi Donya , Moradi Mahana , Sadeghi Shahram , Mahmoodi Hassan , Qaderi Bagajan Kaveh
Published: September 2024

Excessive internet usage can precipitate internet addiction (IA), negatively impacting lifestyle behaviors, especially during adolescence. These warrants investigating associations between IA and lifestyle factors. To examine the relationship between IA and health-promoting lifestyle dimensions among Iranian high school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 students from Sanandaj, Iran selected via cluster sampling. IA was assessed using the Young IA Test. Lifestyle was measured via the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile questionnaire. Regression analyses evaluated associations while adjusting for covariates. Approximately 25% of participants were at risk of internet addiction. Prevalence variations across groups lacked significance. Non-addicted students had significantly higher overall healthy lifestyle scores (p<0.05). Spiritual growth, health responsibility and nutrition scores significantly differed between addicted and non-addicted students. Regression analyses revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between IA and lifestyle even after adjustment (p<0.001). Nutrition and physical activity scores particularly declined for those at risk of addiction. IA was significantly associated with unhealthy dietary habits, sedentary behavior, and a lower healthy lifestyle. It may also hinder stress management and spiritual well-being. With rising internet integration, collaborative awareness programs between educational institutions, families, and communities are warranted to curb addiction risks and promote healthy lifestyles in youth. This study provides valuable insights, though longitudinal research is needed to establish causality.
Aqueous extract of Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr. leaf reversed the detrimental effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on blood lipid profile and glucose level
Authors: Aluko Esther Oluwasola , David Ubong Edem , Ojetola Abodunrin Adebayo , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe
Published: September 2024

There is evidence that nitric oxide (NO) modulates the metabolism of glucose and lipid, and some antihypertensive medications have been shown to affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Peristrophe bivalvis is a medicinal plant that has been shown to have antihypertensive properties. The study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Peristrophe bivalvis leaf (APB) on fasting blood glucose level (FBG) and lipid profile in rats pretreated with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Male Wistar rats (150–170 g, n=30) were randomly divided into two groups: control (CT, n=5) and L-NAME pretreated (n=25). CT received 5 mL/kg of distilled water [DW]) while L-NAME pretreated group received 60 mg/kg of L-NAME (L-NAME60) for eight weeks. After eight weeks, the L-NAME pretreated group was randomly subdivided into L-NAME group (LN), L-NAME recovery group (LRE), L-NAME ramipril group (LRA), and L-NAME APB group (LAPB). The groups received L-NAME60+DW, DW, L-NAME60+10 mg/kg ramipril, and L-NAME60+APB (200 mg/kg), respectively, for five weeks. Serum NO, lipid profile, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and insulin were measured by spectrophotometry, assay kits, and ELISA, respectively. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. At the eighth week, a fall in FBG and an increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recorded in L8 compared to CT. The same effects were also noticed in the thirteenth week in LN. However, FBG was significantly increased and lipid levels were decreased in LAPB compared to LN. A significant increase was observed in cGMP level in LAPB compared to LN. The study showed that APB corrected the hyperlipidemia and hypoglycemia caused by L-NAME, and this effect might be via the activation of cGMP.
Increasing densities of Leucosidea sericea have minimal effects on grazing capacity and soil characteristics of a high-altitude communal rangeland at Vuvu, South Africa
Authors: Ndamane Nandipha Gloria , Kraai Manqhai , Mkhize Ntuthuko Raphael , Tjelele Tlou Julius , Tsvuura Zivanai
Published: September 2024

Increasing densities of woody plants, known as woody plant encroachment, is a phenomenon affecting savannas and grasslands in many parts of the world. Yet, these ecosystems sustain a significant proportion of the human population through the provision of ecosystem services, such as forage for livestock and wildlife production. While low to medium altitude rangelands are encroached by many species of woody plants, high altitude rangelands in southern Africa show increasing densities of Leucosidea sericea, a woody shrub or small to medium-sized tree. Influences of this species on rangeland dynamics are unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of L. sericea on rangeland functioning in the Vuvu communal area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Effects of L. sericea on plant species diversity and composition, rangeland condition and grazing capacity were measured in sites of variable densities of the species in topographical locations designated as plains, upland and stream sites, using a point-to-tuft method along 50-m long transects. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 5 cm from plains, streams, and upland sites, and analysed for organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, and pH. Plant species richness and abundance were similar among topographical locations, which was reflected by the similar Shannon-Weiner (H′) diversity indices among sites. Topographical locations differed significantly in species composition. The plains sites had a higher grazing capacity than stream sites, which had a grazing capacity similar to that of upland sites. Values of soil physicochemical properties were similar among the sites. Overall, soils were acidic (range in pH: 4.4–4.6) and had low amounts of organic carbon and total nitrogen. These findings suggest that L. sericea is not the primary cause of rangeland degradation as all sites were in poor condition as shown by the low grazing capacity, poor rangeland condition and depauperate species richness and diversity. Therefore, rangeland management should shift towards restoration strategies aimed to revitalise the rangeland.