bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topology Reconfiguration of Anion‐Pillared Metal–Organic Framework from Flexibility to Rigidity for Enhanced Acetylene Separation
Authors: Xiong Hanting , Peng Yong , Liu Xing , Wang Pengxiang , Zhang Peixin , Yang Longsheng , Liu Junhui , Shuai Hua , Wang Lingmin , Deng Zhenning , Chen Shixia , Chen Jingwen , Zhou Zhenyu , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun
Published: May 2024

Flexible metal–organic framework (MOF) adsorbents commonly encounter limitations in removing trace impurities below gate‐opening threshold pressures. Topology reconfiguration can fundamentally eliminate intrinsic structural flexibility, yet remains a formidable challenge and is rarely achieved in practical applications. Herein, a solvent‐mediated approach is presented to regulate the flexible CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (dpds = 4,4′'‐dipyridyldisulfide) with sql topology into rigid CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds with cds topology. Notably, the cds topology is unprecedented and first obtained in anion‐pillared MOF materials. As a result, rigid CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds exhibits enhanced C2H2 adsorption capacity of 48.61 cm3 g−1 at 0.01 bar compared to flexible CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (21.06 cm3 g−1). The topology transformation also facilitates the adsorption kinetics for C2H2, exhibiting a 6.5‐fold enhanced diffusion time constant (D/r2) of 1.71 × 10−3 s−1 on CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds than that of CuSnF6‐dpds‐sql (2.64 × 10−4 s−1). Multiple computational simulations reveal the structural transformations and guest–host interactions in both adsorbents. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate that high‐purity C2H4 (>99.996%) effluent with a productivity of 93.9 mmol g−1 can be directly collected from C2H2/C2H4 (1/99, v/v) gas‐mixture in a single CuSnF6‐dpds‐cds column.
Near‐Infrared Luminescent Materials Incorporating Rare Earth/Transition Metal Ions: From Materials to Applications
Authors: Li Hua‐Hui , Wang Ya‐Kun , Liao Liang‐Sheng
Published: May 2024

The spotlight has shifted to near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials emitting beyond 1000 nm, with growing interest due to their unique characteristics. The ability of NIR‐II emission (1000–1700 nm) to penetrate deeply and transmit independently positions these NIR luminescent materials for applications in optical‐communication devices, bioimaging, and photodetectors. The combination of rare earth metals/transition metals with a variety of matrix materials provides a new platform for creating new chemical and physical properties for materials science and device applications. In this review, the recent advancements in NIR emission activated by rare earth and transition metal ions are summarized and their role in applications spanning bioimaging, sensing, and optoelectronics is illustrated. It started with various synthesis techniques and explored how rare earths/transition metals can be skillfully incorporated into various matrixes, thereby endowing them with unique characteristics. The discussion to strategies of enhancing excitation absorption and emission efficiency, spotlighting innovations like dye sensitization and surface plasmon resonance effects is then extended. Subsequently, a significant focus is placed on functionalization strategies and their applications. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and proposed strategies for rare earth/transition metal ion‐doped near‐infrared luminescent materials, summarizing the insights of each section is provided.
Understanding Substrate Effects on 2D MoS2 Growth: A Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Aldana Samuel , Wang Lulin , Spiridon Ion Alin , Zhang Hongzhou
Published: May 2024

Controlling the morphology of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) plays a key role in their applications. Although chemical vapor deposition can achieve wafer‐scale growth of 2D TMDs, a comprehensive theoretical framework for effective growth optimization is lacking. Atomistic modeling methods offer a promising approach to delve into the intricate dynamics underlying the growth. In this study, kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations are employed to identify crucial parameters that govern the morphology of MoS2 flakes grown on diverse substrates. The simulations reveal that large adsorption rates significantly enhance growth speed, which however necessitates rapid edge migration to achieve compact triangles. Substrate etching can tune the adsorption–desorption process of adatoms and enable preferential growth within a specific substrate region, controlling the flake morphology. This study unravels the complex dynamics governing 2D TMD morphology, offering a theoretical framework for decision‐making in the design and optimization of TMD synthesis processes.
Distribution of Density of States in Organic Field–Effect Transistors Based on Polymer Dielectrics
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Shen Huaqi , Ge Sisi , Yao Zhiyuan , Zuo Biao
Published: May 2024

The distribution of density of states (DOS) holds fundamental importance in determining charge transport within organic field–effect transistors (OFETs). Herein, the modulation of DOS distribution in OFET devices is demonstrated by altering the chain conformation of the polymer dielectrics. A rapid film‐formation technique, specifically the spin‐casting method, is used to fabricate the dielectric layer using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This method allows for the retention of some memory of the chain conformations from the solution to the resulting dry film. This memory effect is employed to prepare thin PMMA films with different local chain conformations by adjusting the quality of the solvent. Good solvent forms solidified films with a reduced amount of gauche conformer in the PMMA chain, resulting in a narrow DOS distribution width. Consequently, the device exhibited enhanced charge mobility and a reduced subthreshold swing. The observed change in the width of the DOS distribution can be attributed to the alteration of the local energy state of the semiconductor, induced by the local chain conformation of PMMA dielectrics through electrostatics and steric interactions.
Large‐Area and Uniform Blade‐Coated Deep‐Blue Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Triphenylethylene‐Encapsulated π‐Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Yu Ningning , Ren Hong , Zhao Chun , Ni Mingjian , Gong Huaqiang , Li Mengyuan , Wang Lizhi , Sun Lili , An Xiang , Bai Lubing , Lin Jinyi , Huang Wei
Published: May 2024

Emerging large‐area flexible polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) are crucial for flat‐panel displays. The development of uniform, large‐area, flexible, and ultra‐deep‐blue PLEDs remains challenging owing to the lack of efficient and stable deep‐blue light‐emitting conjugated polymers with robust deep‐blue emission, excellent large‐scale solution‐processing capacity, and stable electrical properties. In this study, a multidimensional steric triphenylethylene (TPE) segment is introduced into the substitution side chain of polydiarylfluorenes (P‐F) for deep‐blue large‐area blade‐coated and flexible PLEDs. The encapsulation of backbone chains with extremely weak interchain π–π interactions facilitated the preparation of large‐area PLEDs via blade coating. Large‐area uniform P‐F films (16 cm2) are fabricated. Flexible PLEDs are fabricated with efficient deep‐blue emission (CIE: 0.15, 0.07) and a maximum brightness of 2314 cd m−2. Notably, the large‐area PLEDs exhibited a narrow‐band deep‐blue emission with a CIE of (0.15, 0.08) at ≈1000 mA cm−2 and an emitting area of 3.6 cm2. Furthermore, a preliminary patterned PLED array display with a pixel size of 800 × 1000 µm2 is successfully created, which exhibited stable and uniform deep‐blue light‐emitting pixel performance (CIE: 0.15 0.08). These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the TPE encapsulation strategy for large‐area PLEDs.
Mid‐Infrared Top‐Gated Ge0.82Sn0.18 Nanowire Phototransistors
Authors: Luo Lu , Atalla Mahmoud R.M. , Assali Simone , Koelling Sebastian , Moutanabbir Oussama
Published: May 2024

Achieving high crystalline quality germanium‐tin (Ge1 − xSnx) semiconductors at Sn content exceeding 10% is quintessential to implement the long sought‐after silicon‐compatible mid‐infrared photonics. Herein, by using sub‐20 nm Ge nanowires as compliant growth substrates, Ge1 − xSnx alloys with a Sn content of 18% exhibiting a high composition uniformity and crystallinity along a few micrometers in the nanowire axial direction are demonstrated. The measured bandgap energy of the Ge/Ge0.82Sn0.18 core/shell nanowires is 0.322 eV enabling the mid‐infrared photodetection with a cutoff wavelength of 3.9 µm. These narrow bandgap nanowires are also integrated into top‐gated field‐effect transistors and phototransistors. Depending on the gate design, these transistors are found to exhibit either ambipolar or unipolar behavior with a subthreshold swing as low as 228 mV/decade at 85 K. Moreover, varying the top gate voltage from ‐1 to 5 V yields nearly one order of magnitude increase in the photocurrent of the nanowire phototransistor under a 2330 nm illumination. This study shows that the core/shell nanowire architecture with a very thin core not only mitigates the challenges associated with strain build‐up observed in thin films but also provides a promising platform for all‐group IV mid‐infrared photonics and nanoelectronics paving the way toward sensing and imaging applications.
Quantum‐Dots Matrix Encapsulated CsPbI3 Polycrystal Composite Films for Efficient and Bright Deep‐Red Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hao Jing‐Ming , Song Yong‐Hui , Ru Xue‐Chen , Li Zi‐Du , Yin Yi‐Chen , Zhu Bai‐Sheng , Zhao Zhi , Ding Guan‐Jie , Hu Ya‐Lan , Ma Zhen‐Yu , Yao Hong‐Bin
Published: May 2024

All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite is a promising emitter for deep‐red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). However, presently fabricated CsPbI3 polycrystalline films are composed of island‐like polycrystals, encountering the problems of serious interface current leakage and low‐efficiency carrier radiative recombination. Here, a CsPbI3‐xBrx quantum dots (QDs) matrix encapsulated CsPbI3 polycrystal film is reported to address the low‐efficiency issue of island‐like CsPbI3 polycrystalline film applied in deep‐red LEDs. The developed QDs matrix encapsulation strategy has two benefits. One is the filling of void space in the island‐like CsPbI3 polycrystal film to suppress the interface current leakage. The other more important benefit is utilizing the strong carrier confinement effect of QDs to strengthen the formation of excitons in the composite film and thus improve the electroluminescence efficiency. Moreover, interesting grain growth is found between CsPbI3‐xBrx QDs and CsPbI3 polycrystals, which further enhances the exciton transfer effect brought by the QDs matrix and optoelectronic properties of the fabricated composite films. Based on the obtained high‐quality QDs/polycrystal composite films, efficient and bright deep‐red LEDs are achieved with a peak external quantum efficiency of 15.24% and a maximum luminance of 3691 cd m−2.
Blue Lead‐Free Perovskite Derivatives: Structural Diversity, Luminescence Properties and Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Zhao Jianpeng , Han Boning , Wang Jinhao , Chen Lu , Xu Leimeng , Wang Xuewei , Song Jizhong
Published: May 2024

Halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have made remarkable advancements in both efficiency and stability. However, when compared to green and red LEDs, blue perovskite LEDs still lag behind in terms of efficiency and stability. Presently, efficient blue LEDs primarily rely on lead‐based perovskites, which goes against the environmentally friendly practices and restricts potential industrial applications. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in academic research toward developing blue LEDs using lead‐free perovskites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the structural diversity of lead‐free perovskite derivatives used for blue emission, encompassing Sn‐, Zr‐, Bi‐, Sb‐, Cu‐, Zn‐based halides as well as double perovskites. Various material synthesis techniques are discussed, such as nanocrystal preparation and film preparation. Additionally, the photoluminescence properties for different energy band structures are outlined, along with the luminescence mechanism involving energy transfer and strategies for enhancing luminous efficiency. The advancement in efficiency and stability of lead‐free perovskite LEDs is also examined in this review. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in advancing research on blue lead‐free perovskite derivatives and their potential application in LED technology is emphasized.
Effective Strategy for High‐Performance Organic Photodetectors with Significantly Suppressed Dark Current and Improved Responsivity
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Liu Tong , Wang Jianxiao , Li Yongfu , Lin Guoqing , Vasilopoulou Maria , Chu Junhao , Meng Qingbo , Bao Xichang
Published: May 2024

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted immense interest as solution‐processable optical signal‐capturing devices due to their various advantages, such as adjustable response range, excellent weak light response, lightweight, flexibility, and ease of processing on diverse substrates. Low dark current density (Jd) and high responsivity (R) are key requirements necessary for achieving a high specific detectivity (D*). Here, an effective strategy for preparing high‐performance OPDs with potential micro p‐i‐n structure by introducing insulating poly(aryl ether) (PAEN) into the organic photosensitive layer is reported. The PM6:PC71BM‐based OPDs are capable of significantly suppressing Jd while increasing R, which can be attributed to the multiple optimizations of morphology and charge transport caused by the addition of PAEN. As a result, the value of Jd (3.63 × 10−10 A cm−2) is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the device without PAEN (1.00 × 10−8 A cm−2) at −1 V bias. Combined with the increased R of 0.376 A W−1, the optimized device achieves a high D*of 3.45 × 1013 Jones (−1 V at 620 nm). The optimized OPDs demonstrate high performance that is comparable to commercial Si photodetectors (Hamamatsu S1133), paving the way for the direct market development of this cost‐effective organic photodetection technology.
On‐off Pulsed Ultrasound Promote Asymmetric Noncovalent Organocatalysis “on Water”: An Investigation in Michael Addition and Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Ji Zeyao , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Bingfu , Shan Zhen , Jin Hui , Zhang Lixin
Published: May 2024

Pulsed ultrasonic irradiation with on‐off modulation remarkably enhances asymmetric noncovalent organocatalysis “on water”, specifically for Michael addition and Diels‐Alder reactions. This approach effectively addresses challenges associated with solid reactant dispersion encountered in “on‐water” reactions and mitigates overheating issues caused by continuous ultrasound exposure, thereby significantly augmenting reaction rates and stereoselectivities.
Synthesis of High‐Sodium‐Content Oxythiosilicate Glass Electrolytes Via Sodium Polysulfide
Authors: Otono Tomoya , Nasu Akira , Asakura Taichi , Kowada Hiroe , Motohashi Kota , Sakuda Atsushi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Hayashi Akitoshi
Published: May 2024

Sulfide glass electrolytes with high ionic conductivities and formabilities are key materials for practical use in all‐solid‐state sodium secondary batteries. Both sealing and quenching are considered to be necessary for producing high‐alkali‐content sulfide glass electrolytes. In this study, the glass‐forming ability of sodium thiosilicate glasses is enhanced by adding a small quantity of SiO2. Consequently, high‐sodium‐content oxythiosilicate glass is synthesized without sealing and quenching processes under Ar atmosphere. The prepared Na4SiS4·0.200SiO2 (molar ratio) glass exhibits ionic conductivity of 4.0 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 25 °C, surpassing that of Na4SiS4 glass. The Na4SiS4·0.200SiO2 glass shows high reduction stability to sodium metal. The all‐solid‐state Na metal/Na4SiS4·0.200SiO2 glass/Na2.88Sb0.88W0.12S4/TiS2 cell shows a reversible capacity of 140 mAh g−1 for 5 cycles. The amount of H2S gas generated in Na4SiS4·0.0830SiO2 and Na4SiS4·0.200SiO2 glasses is one‐tenth that of the Na4SiS4 glass, suggesting increased chemical stability to humidity by incorporating oxygen in the structure. High‐sodium‐content oxythiosilicate glass with high ionic conductivity, high chemical stability against humidity, and high reduction stability is successfully prepared under ambient pressure without sealing and quenching processes.
Regulating Interfacial Microenvironment in Aqueous Electrolyte via a N2 Filtering Membrane for Efficient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Liu Mengdi , Ma Yan , Zhang Sai , Chen Min , Wu Limin
Published: May 2024

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia (NH3) in aqueous electrolyte has long been suffered from poor nitrogen (N2) supply owing to its low solubility and sluggish diffusion kinetics. Therefore, creating a N2 rich microenvironment around catalyst surface may potentially improve the efficiency of nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, a delicately designed N2 filtering membrane consisted of polydimethylsiloxane is covered on catalyst surface via superspreading. Because this membrane let the dissolved N2 molecules be accessible to the catalyst but block excess water, the designed N2 rich microenvironment over catalyst leads to an optimized Faradaic efficiency of 39.4% and an NH3 yield rate of 109.2 µg h−1 mg−1, which is superior to those of the most report metal‐based catalysts for electrochemical NRR. This study offers alternative strategy for enhancing NRR performance.
DNA‐rGO Aerogel Bioanodes with Microcompartmentalization for High‐Performance Bioelectrochemical Systems
Authors: Leng Xuanye , Chen Siyu , McCuskey Samantha R. , Zhang Yixin , Chan Samuel J. W. , Quek Glenn , Costa Mariana C.F. , Zhang Pengxiang , Wu Jiqiang , Nikolaev Konstantin G. , Bazan Guillermo C. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Andreeva Daria V.
Published: May 2024

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have garnered significant attention for their applications in renewable energy, microbial fuel cells, biocatalysis, and bioelectronics. In BES, bioelectrodes are used to facilitate extracellular electron transfer among microbial biocatalysts. This study is focused on enhancing the efficiency of these processes through microcompartmentalization, a technique that strategically organizes and segregates microorganisms within the electrode, thereby bolstering BES output efficiency. The study introduces a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogel engineered as a bioanode to facilitate microorganism compartmentalization while providing an expanded biocompatible surface with continuous conductivity. The DNA‐rGO aerogel is synthesized through the self‐assembly of graphene oxide and DNA, with thermal reduction imparting lightweight structural stability and conductivity to the material. The DNA component serves as a hydrophilic framework, enabling precise regulation of compartment size and biofunctionalization of the rGO surface. To evaluate the performance of this aerogel bioanode, measurements of current generation are conducted using Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 bacteria as a model biocatalyst. The bioanode exhibits a current density reaching up to 1.5 A·m⁻2, surpassing the capabilities of many existing bioanodes. With its abundant microcompartments, the DNA‐rGO demonstrates high current generation performance, representing a sustainable approach for energy harvesting without reliance on metals, polymers, or heterostructures.
Superior Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst based on Ni‐Ellagic Acid Coordination Polymer
Authors: Chai Rui‐Lin , Zhao Qian , Li Jie , Dong Zhao‐Jun , Sun Yu‐Xin , Wang Xiaocong , Zhang Penglin , Wu Wen‐Ting , Li Guang‐Yue , Zhao Jin , Li Sheng‐Hua
Published: May 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is central to energy conversion technologies, but the high cost and scarcity of commercial noble metal catalysts limit their widespread application. Natural products exhibit great potential in preparing high‐performance electrocatalysts due to their cost‐effectiveness and sustainability. Here, a kind of 1D polymers [M‐EA (M═Co, Cu, Ni)] for oxygen evolution reaction via the complexation of ellagic acid (EA) with metal ions are reported. It is found that Ni‐EA displays a low overpotential (190 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and an ultralow Tafel slope (28 mV dec−1), with a production cost of only 3.6 × 10−2% of IrO2. Density functional theory investigations reveal the electrocatalytic mechanism of the OER. A rechargeable Zn‐Air battery using Ni‐EA+Pt/C as the air electrode shows a lower charging potential and better cycling stability than the IrO2+Pt/C‐based battery. This work provides a train for the development of state‐of‐the‐art OER catalysts.
New insight and experimental study of ineffective void in hydrodynamic performance of countercurrent‐flow packing column
Authors: Xu Bin , Gao Ge , Gao Xiaoyi , Jiang Wufeng , Li Xiaoshan , Luo Cong , Wu Fan , Zhang Liqi
Published: May 2024

Extensive experimental research and hydrodynamic models have been proposed to guide the design of superior packings. However, most research has concentrated on the effective void (ε − H) of packing while ignoring the ineffective void (ε − H − HL), which causes discrepancies in hydrodynamic performance compared to actual observations. This study evaluated the hydrodynamic performance under diverse conditions considering the liquid holdup (H), pressure drop (ΔP), and gas flooding velocity (uf). A novel approach to hydrodynamic model construction is introduced by incorporating an ineffective void. The results indicate that at a constant hold‐up area, liquid flow (L) and viscosity (μ) significantly influence liquid hold up, moderated by the gas velocity in the flooding area. The pressure drop rises as the viscosity, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate increase. Notably, a considerable pressure drop initiates flooding at the bottom of the absorber. Elevated liquid flow rates and viscosities correlate with higher ineffective void values (HL) in the packing column. At low gas flow rates, the gas flow rate marginally affects HL values. However, after the flooding point was achieved, the values of HL rapidly increased as the gas flow rate increased. Moreover, a linear relationship emerges between the liquid holdup and HL, as evidenced by the consistent variation in the liquid holdup and the F‐factor. Utilizing the ineffective void yields a more accurate fit for the experimental data, reducing the average absolute relative deviation to 10.2%, 7.4%, and 10.8%, respectively.
Cost‐effectiveness of sutimlimab in cold agglutinin disease
Authors: Ito Satoko , Wang Daniel , Purcell Adriana , Chetlapalli Karthik , Lee Alfred I. , Cuker Adam , Goshua George
Published: May 2024

Primary cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by cold‐reactive antibodies that bind to red blood cells and lead to complement‐mediated hemolysis. Patients with primary CAD experience the burden of increased health resource utilization and reduced quality of life. The standard‐of‐care (SOC) in patients with primary CAD has included cold avoidance, transfusion support, and chemoimmunotherapy. The use of sutimlimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits C1‐mediated hemolysis, was shown to reduce transfusion‐dependence and improve quality of life across two pivotal phase 3 studies, further supported by 2‐year extension data. Using data from the transfusion‐dependent patient population that led to sutimlimab's initial FDA approval, we performed the first‐ever cost‐effectiveness analysis in primary CAD. The projected incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) in our Markov model was $2 340 000/QALY, significantly above an upper‐end conventional US willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $150 000/QALY. These results are consistent across scenarios of higher body weight and a pan‐refractory SOC patient phenotype (i.e., treated sequentially with bendamustine‐rituximab, bortezomib, ibrutinib, and eculizumab). No parameter variations in deterministic sensitivity analyses changed our conclusion. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, SOC was favored over sutimlimab in 100% of 10 000 iterations. Exploratory threshold analyses showed that significant price reduction (>80%) or time‐limited treatment (<18 months) followed by lifelong clinical remission off sutimlimab would allow sutimlimab to become cost‐effective. The impact of sutimlimab on health system costs with longer term follow‐up data merits future study and consideration through a distributional cost‐effectiveness framework.
Switching between the [2π+2σ] and Hetero‐[4π+2σ] Cycloaddition Reactivity of Bicyclobutanes with Lewis Acid Catalysts Enables the Synthesis of Spirocycles and Bridged Heterocycles
Authors: Wang Ji‐Jie , Tang Lei , Xiao Yuanjiu , Wu Wen‐Biao , Wang Guoqiang , Feng Jian‐Jun
Published: May 2024

The exploration of the complex chemical diversity of bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes and their use as benzene bioisosteres has garnered significant attention over the past two decades. Regiodivergent syntheses of thiabicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (S‐BCOs) and highly substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) using a Lewis acid‐catalyzed formal cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and 3‐benzylideneindoline‐2‐thione derivatives have been established. The first hetero‐(4+3) cycloaddition of BCBs, catalyzed by Zn(OTf)2, was achieved with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. In contrast, the less electrophilic BCB ester undergoes a Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed [2π+2σ] reaction with 1,1,2‐trisubstituted alkenes, yielding BCHs with a spirocyclic quaternary carbon center. Control experiments and preliminary theoretical calculations suggest that the diastereoselective [2π+2σ] product formation may involve a concerted cycloaddition between a zwitterionic intermediate and E‐1,1,2‐trisubstituted alkenes. Additionally, the hetero‐(4+3) cycloaddition may involve a concerted nucleophilic ring‐opening mechanism.
Optimizing Molecular Packing via Steric Hindrance for Reducing Non‐Radiative Recombination in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Junzhen , Zhang Shaoqing , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Tao , Qiao Jiawei , Wang Jingwen , Ma Lijiao , Xiao Yang , Li Zi , Wang Jianqiu , Hao Xiaotao , Hou Jianhui
Published: May 2024

Innovative molecule design strategy holds promise for the development of next‐generation acceptor materials for efficient organic solar cells with low non‐radiative energy loss (ΔEnr). In this study, we designed and prepared three novel acceptors, namely BTP‐Biso, BTP‐Bme and BTP‐B, with sterically structured triisopropylbenzene, trimethylbenzene and benzene as side chains inserted into the shoulder of the central core. The progressively enlarged steric hindrance from BTP‐B to BTP‐Bme and BTP‐Biso induces suppressed intramolecular rotation and altered the molecule packing mode in their aggregation states, leading to significant changes in absorption spectra and energy levels. By regulating the intermolecular π–π interactions, BTP‐Bme possesses relatively reduced non‐radiative recombination rate and extended exciton diffusion lengths. The binary device based on PB2 : BTP‐Bme exhibits an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.5 % with a low ΔEnr of 0.19 eV. Furthermore, the ternary device comprising PB2 : PBDB‐TF : BTP‐Bme achieves an outstanding PCE of 19.3 %. The molecule design strategy in this study proposed new perspectives for developing high‐performance acceptors with low ΔEnr in OSCs.
A comprehensive in silico analysis of putative outer membrane and secretory hydrolases from the pathogenic Leptospira: Possible implications in pathogenesis
Authors: Shankar Umate Nachiket , Shiraz Mohd. , Kumar Pankaj , Akif Mohd.
Published: May 2024

Outer surface/membrane and virulent secretory proteins are primarily crucial for pathogenesis. Secreted and outer membrane hydrolases of many pathogens play an important role in attenuating the host immune system. Leptospira expresses many such proteins, and few have been characterized to display various roles, including host immune evasion. However, identification, classification, characterization, and elucidation of the possible role of Leptospira’s outer membrane and secretory hydrolases have yet to be explored. In the present study, we used bioinformatics tools to predict exported proteins from the pathogenic Leptospira proteome. Moreover, we focused on secretory and outer membrane putative hydrolases from the exported proteins to generate a deeper understanding. Our analysis yielded four putative outer/secretory hydrolases, LIC_10995, LIC_11183, LIC_11463, and LIC_12988, containing α/β hydrolase fold and displayed similarity with lipase motif. Moreover, their conservation analysis of the predicted hydrolases across the spectrum of different Leptospira species showed high clustering with the pathogenic species. Outer membrane and secretory proteins with lipolytic activity may have a role in pathogenesis. This is the first bioinformatics analysis of secretory and outer membrane α/β hydrolases from leptospiral species. However, experimental studies are indeed required to unravel this possibility.
Self‐Supporting Solid Electrolyte Based on Supramolecular Interaction for Stable Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Guan Lixiang , Xiao Shijun , Bai Xiang , Zhang Jiahui , Su Jia , Lu Tiantian , Hou Lifeng , Du Huayun , Wei Huan , Liu Xiaoda , Yang Chengkai , Wie Yinghui , Wang Qian
Published: May 2024

Li metal batteries based on solid polymer electrolytes offer the benefits of high energy density and safety, as well as extended cycling life, making them an excellent candidate for the next‐generation battery system. However, current solid polymer electrolytes still suffer from low ion conductivity and Li+ transfer number, which seriously restricts its practical application. Herein, a self‐supporting composite solid polymer electrolyte was prepared, where phenolic resin rich in hydroxyl groups (BR) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are mixed evenly and poured onto a cellulose membrane in one step. In such an electrolyte, PEO and BR combine to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, lowering the crystallinity of PEO and increasing the Li+ transfer number. Lastly, the obtained solid electrolytes exhibited a high ion conductivity (1.1×10−4 S cm−1) and Li+ transfer number (0.53), as well as improved electrochemical window. Consequently, Li || Li symmetrical cells can run stably for more than 700 h at 0.1 mA cm−2/0.25 mAh cm−2. And full cells with LiFePO4 cathode can also demonstrate high discharge capacity of 152.12 mAh g−1 and rate performance. We believe that such a design based on supramolecular interaction offer a new avenue to advanced solid polymer electrolytes.
Demystification of luminescence properties and the near imperceptible thermal quenching of Sm3+‐doped tungstate phosphors
Authors: R. Kiran , A. Princy , Kennedy Masilla S. Moses , Sayyed Mohammad I. , Mishra Vikash , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: May 2024

Ultra‐high thermally stable Ca2MgWO6:xSm3+ (x = 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 mol%) double perovskite phosphors were synthesized through solid‐state reaction method. Product formation was confirmed by comparing the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the phosphors with the standard reference file. The structural, morphological, thermal, and optical properties of the prepared phosphor were examined in detail using XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, diffused reflectance spectra, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence emission, and temperature‐dependent PLE (TDPL). It was seen that the phosphor exhibited emission in the reddish region for the near‐ultraviolet excitation with moderate Colour Rendering Index values and high colour purity. The optimized phosphor (x = 1.25 mol%) was found to possess a direct optical band gap of 3.31 eV. TGA studies showed the astonishing thermal stability of the optimized phosphor. Additionally, near‐zero thermal quenching was seen in TDPL due to elevated phonon‐assisted radiative transition. Furthermore, the anti‐Stokes and Stokes emission peaks were found to be sensitive toward the temperature change and followed a Boltzmann‐type distribution. All these marked properties will make the prepared phosphors a suitable candidate for multifield applications and a fascinating material for further development.
Carbon‐based nanodots for biomedical applications and clinical transformation prospects
Authors: Ding Haizhen , Xiao Tenghui , Ren Fangfang , Qiu Yu , Shen Zhiyang , Chen Xuecheng , Mijowska Ewa , Chen Hongmin
Published: May 2024

Carbon dots (CDs), emerging as a promising class of nanomaterials, have garnered significant interest in the field of biomedicine due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the biomedical applications of CDs, emphasizing their potential for revolutionizing diagnostics, therapy, and bio‐imaging. We discuss the synthesis and functionalization of CDs, which are pivotal in tailoring their properties for specific biomedical applications. The applications of CDs in bioimaging include fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic imaging, etc. Additionally, this review delves into the benefits of CDs in the treatment of diseases including cancer, inflammation and Alzheimer's, etc. Finally, we look forward to the future of CDs in the field of biomedicine, emphasizing the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome current obstacles and facilitate the clinical translation of CDs‐based technologies. This review aims to provide a summary and perspectives on the latest developments of CDs in biomedicine, hoping to inspire further research in this rapidly advancing field.
Breaking piezoelectric limits of molecules for biodegradable implants
Authors: Hao Jianhua , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Kamaruddin Wan Hairul Anuar , Li Jianhua
Published: May 2024

In the quest for optimizing biodegradable implants, the exploration of piezoelectric materials stands at the forefront of biomedical engineering research. Traditional piezoelectric materials often suffer from limitations in biocompatibility and biodegradability, significantly impeding their in vivo study and further biomedical application. By leveraging molecular engineering and structural design, a recent innovative approach transcends the conventional piezoelectric limits of the molecules designed for biodegradable implants. The biodegradable molecular piezoelectric implants may open new avenues for their applications in bioenergy harvesting/sensing, implanted electronics, transient medical devices and tissue regeneration.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2‐positive metastatic or unresectable breast cancer: Real‐life data from the temporary use authorization program in France
Authors: Petit Thierry , Hajjaji Nawale , Antoine Eric‐Charles , Benderra Marc‐Antoine , Gozy Michel , Foa Cyril , Mouysset Jean‐Loup , Grenier Julien , Mousseau Mireille , Mailliez Audrey , Saghatchian Mahasti , Lachaier Emma , Desmoulins Isabelle , Hennequin Audrey , Maes Patricia , Loirat Delphine , Ricci Francesco , Diéras Véronique , Berton Dominique , Tiong Florence Lai , Teixeira Luis , Dohollou Nadine , Lévy Christelle , Bachelot Thomas , Pierga Jean‐Yves
Published: May 2024

Background

Early access program (formerly cohort Temporary Authorization for Use) was granted for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T‐DXd) in France based on DESTINY‐Breast01 trial which demonstrated its efficacy and safety in HER2‐positive metastatic/unresectable breast cancer after ≥2 anti‐HER2‐based regimens received at metastatic stage.

Methods

This multicenter real‐world early access program included HER2‐positive metastatic/unresectable breast patients pretreated with at least two lines of anti‐HER2 regimens who received T‐DXd 5.4 mg/kg intravenously in monotherapy every 3 weeks.

Results

Four hundred and fifty‐nine patients (median age, 58 years; hormone receptor‐positive, 67%; brain metastases, 28.1%) received T‐DXd. Before inclusion, 81.7% of patients had radiation therapy and 76.5% had undergone surgery. Median number of prior metastatic treatment lines was four (range, 2–22); 99.8% patients had received trastuzumab, 94.8% trastuzumab emtansine and 79.3% pertuzumab. Follow‐up was performed from September 30, 2020 to March 30, 2021; when the early access program stopped, the median duration of T‐DXd treatment was 3.4 (range, 0–7.8) months. In 160 patients with available tumor assessment, objective response rate was 56.7% and 12.1% had progression. In 57 patients with available brain tumor assessment, complete or partial intracranial response was reported for 35.7% patients and 5.4% had progression. A total of 17 (3.7%) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) was reported with no cases of ILD‐related death.

Conclusions

In this early access program in patients with heavily pretreated HER2‐positive metastatic/unresectable breast cancer, T‐DXd had antitumor activity with a similar response to that reported in previous clinical studies. T‐DXd was well tolerated and no new safety signals were observed.
Artificial neural network identified a 20‐gene panel in predicting immunotherapy response and survival benefits after anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 treatment in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Wang Yaning , Wang Zihao , Guo Xiaopeng , Cao Yaning , Xing Hao , Wang Yuekun , Xing Bing , Wang Yu , Yao Yong , Ma Wenbin
Published: May 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising immunotherapy approach, but glioblastoma clinical trials have not yielded satisfactory results.

Objective

To screen glioblastoma patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.

Methods

Eighty‐one patients receiving anti‐PD1/PD‐L1 treatment from a large‐scale clinical trial and 364 patients without immunotherapy from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included. Patients in the ICI‐treated cohort were divided into responders and nonresponders according to overall survival (OS), and the most critical responder‐relevant features were screened using random forest (RF). We constructed an artificial neural network (ANN) model and verified its predictive value with immunotherapy response and OS.

Results

We defined two groups of ICI‐treated glioblastoma patients with large differences in survival benefits as nonresponders (OS ≤6 months, n = 18) and responders (OS ≥17 months, n = 8). No differentially mutated genes were observed between responders and nonresponders. We performed RF analysis to select the most critical responder‐relevant features and developed an ANN with 20 input variables, five hidden neurons and one output neuron. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and the DeLong test demonstrated that the ANN had the best performance in predicting responders, with an AUC of 0.97. Survival analysis indicated that ANN‐predicted responders had significantly better OS rates than nonresponders.

Conclusion

The 20‐gene panel developed by the ANN could be a promising biomarker for predicting immunotherapy response and prognostic benefits in ICI‐treated GBM patients and may guide oncologists to accurately select potential responders for the preferential use of ICIs.
Long non‐coding RNA NEAT1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and progression of cervical cancer through WNT/β‐catenin/PDK1 axis
Authors: Su Min , Liang Ziyan , Shan Shidong , Gao Yang , He Li , Liu Xuelian , Wang Anjin , Wang Hua , Cai Hongbing
Published: May 2024

Background

Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers. Accumulated evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in cervical cancer occurrence and progression, but their specific functions and mechanisms remain to be further explored.

Methods

The RT‐qPCR assay was used to detect the expression of NEAT1 in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. CCK‐8, colony formation, flow cytometry, western blotting, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the impact of NEAT1 on the malignant behavior of cervical cancer cells. Glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP levels, ROS levels, MMP levels, and the mRNA expressions of glycolysis‐related genes and tricarboxylic acid cycle‐related genes were detected to analyze the effect of NEAT1 on metabolism reprograming in cervical cancer cells. The expressions of PDK1, β‐catenin and downstream molecules of the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells and tissues were detected by western blotting, RT‐qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays.

Results

This study investigated the role and possible molecular mechanism of lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in cervical cancer. Our results showed that NEAT1 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of NEAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis of cervical cancer cells, while overexpression of NEAT1 led to the opposite effects. Mechanistically, NEAT1 upregulated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1) through the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, which enhanced glycolysis and then facilitated cervical cancer metastasis. Furthermore, NEAT1 maintained the protein stability of β‐catenin but did not affect its mRNA level. We also excluded the direct binding of NEAT1 to the β‐catenin protein via RNA pull‐down assay. The suppressive impact of NEAT1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration was rescued by β‐catenin overexpression. The WNT inhibitor iCRT3 attenuated the carcinogenic effect induced by NEAT1 overexpression.

Conclusion

In summary, these findings indicated that NEAT1 may contribute to the progression of cervical cancer by activating the WNT/β‐catenin/PDK1 signaling axis.
High incidence of lung cancer death after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tajiri Ayaka , Tsujii Yoshiki , Nishida Tsutomu , Inoue Takuya , Maekawa Akira , Kitamura Shinji , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Nishihara Akihiro , Yamada Takuya , Ogiyama Hideharu , Murayama Yoko , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Egawa Satoshi , Uema Ryotaro , Yoshihara Takeo , Hayashi Yoshito , Takehara Tetsuo
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

Following treatment of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), surveillance for a second primary malignancy (SPM) is necessary. However, detailed evidence regarding the timing and prognosis of SPMs is insufficient. We aimed to clarify the details of SPMs and their effects on patient outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter study involved 11 hospitals. Patients with superficial ESCC curatively resected using endoscopic submucosal dissection between May 2005 and December 2012, were included in this study.

Results

The 5‐year survival rate of 187 patients was 92.6% during a median follow‐up duration of 96.8 months. Thirty‐one patients died, 14 of whom died of SPMs. Compared to patients with SPMs detectable by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), patients with SPMs detectable only by modalities other than EGD had a significantly higher mortality rate (p < 0.001). Patients with second primary lung cancer (LC) had a high mortality rate (56.3%). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that multiple Lugol‐voiding lesions (LVLs) tended to be associated with SPMs (p = 0.077, hazard ratio [HR] 4.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91–6.50), and metachronous ESCC was an independent risk factor for the incidence of second primary LC (p = 0.037, HR 3.51, 95% CI: 1.08–11.41).

Conclusions

SPMs that cannot be detected by EGD, such as LC, must be considered after the curative resection of ESCC. We suggest strict screening by both EGD and computed tomography for patients with multiple LVLs or metachronous ESCC to detect SPMs in their early stages.
Impact of obesity on sentinel lymph node biopsy outcomes and survival in breast cancer patients: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Pang Jian , Li Lun , Yin Nana , Dai Mei , Zheng Shuyue , Chen Ming , Xue Jingyan , Wu Jiong
Published: May 2024

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a common choice for axillary surgery in patients with early‐stage breast cancer (BC) who have clinically negative lymph nodes. Most research indicates that obesity is a prognostic factor for BC patients, but studies assessing its association with the rate of positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) and the prognosis of patients with early BC undergoing SLNB are limited.

Methods

Between 2013 and 2016, 7062 early‐stage BC patients from the Shanghai Cancer Center of Fudan University were included. Based on the Chinese Body Mass Index (BMI) classification standards, the patients were divided into three groups as follows: normal weight, overweight, and obese. Propensity score matching analysis was used to balance the baseline characteristics of the participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between obesity and positive SLN rate. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate whether obesity was an independent prognostic factor for early‐stage BC patients who had undergone SLNB.

Results

No significant association was observed between obesity and positive SLN rate in early‐stage BC patients who had undergone SLNB. However, multivariate analysis revealed that compared to patients with normal BMI, the overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 2.240, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–3.95, p = 0.005) and disease‐free survival (HR 1.750, 95% CI 1.16–2.62, p = 0.007) were poorer in patients with high BMI.

Conclusion

Obesity is an independent prognostic factor for early‐stage BC patients who undergo SLNB; however, it does not affect the positive SLN rate.
Potential efficacy of crizanlizumab in treating priapism in sickle cell disease: A case report
Authors: Abdulgayoom Mohammed , Afana Mohammad S. , Alshurafa Awni , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report documents the treatment of a 41‐year‐old male with sickle cell disease (SCD) and repeated stuttering priapism using crizanlizumab, which alleviated the priapism but induced a significant vaso‐occlusive crisis during the second infusion. Encouragingly, no subsequent vaso‐occlusive crises occurred. However, the potential for infusion‐related adverse events warrants close supervision. Further research is necessary to explore its full benefits on priapism management.
Septic pulmonary embolism arising from a small temporal boil in a patient with diabetes mellitus type 2: A rare case report
Authors: Yildirim Sanem , Yigit Yavuz , Alkahlout Baha Hamdi , Mohamed Eslam Hussein , Azad Aftab Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) can originate from unusual sources like small boils, warranting consideration of diverse etiologies in respiratory distress. Prompt diagnosis, tailored antibiotics, and vigilant complication management optimize outcomes. Early recognition and treatment of minor infections, especially in diabetes are crucial.
Ischemic stroke as an initial presentation of neurosyphilis in a newly diagnosed HIV patient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Moursi Moaz O. , Hamam Wael , Hajjar Adnan , Es‐Salim Mohammad , Aboukhalaf Soha , Jamil Omar , Zahid Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

With syphilis resurgence, physicians should be more vigilant to infection‐induced cerebral vasculitis in high‐risk patients presenting with neurological symptoms. In this case, neurosyphilis should not be missed. Thorough serologic screening and lumbar puncture are crucial for diagnosis, and further research is needed for safe and effective treatments in these populations.