bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infusions of scopolamine in dorsal hippocampus reduce anticipatory responding in an appetitive trace conditioning procedure
Authors: Pezze Marie A. , Marshall Hayley J. , Cassaday Helen J.
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Trace conditioning is impaired by lesions to dorsal hippocampus, as well as by treatment with the muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist scopolamine. However, the role of muscarinic receptors within hippocampus has received little attention.

Methods

The present study examined the effects of intra‐hippocampal infusion of scopolamine (30 µg/side) in an appetitive (2 vs. 10 s) trace conditioning procedure using sucrose pellets as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Locomotor activity (LMA) was examined in a different apparatus.

Results

Intra‐hippocampal scopolamine reduced responding to the 2 s trace conditioned stimulus (CS). Intra‐hippocampal scopolamine similarly depressed responding within the inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) at both 2 and 10 s trace intervals, but there was no such effect in the inter‐trial interval. There was also some overall reduction in responding when the US was delivered; significant at the 10 s but not at the 2 s trace interval. A similar pattern of results to that seen in response to the CS during acquisition was shown drug‐free (in the 5 s post‐CS) in the extinction tests of conditioned responding. LMA was increased under scopolamine.

Conclusions

The results suggest that nonspecific changes in activity or motivation to respond for the US cannot explain the reduction in trace conditioning as measured by reduced CS responding and in the ISI. Rather, the findings of the present study point to the importance of associative aspects of the task in determining its sensitivity to the effects of scopolamine, suggesting that muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus are important modulators of short‐term working memory.
The efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with white matter hyperintensity
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhang Min , Bao Hanmo , Zhang Zhixiang , Mei Yuqing , Yun Wenwei , Zhou Xianju
Published: October 2018

Objectives

We aimed to investigate effects of deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods

A total of 113 AIS patients with WMH were categorized into the PVH group and the DWMH group according to the lesion location, with the division of two subgroups based on whether or not they received IVT treatment: the thrombolysis group and the control group. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for proportional hazards of recurrent stroke. Further, multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed.

Results

Of total patients, there were 62 PVH patients and 51 DWMH patients: 27 of PVH patients and 22 of DWMH patients received IVT, and the remaining patients only received routine treatment. DWMH patients had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.034) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.038) than PVH patients in the thrombolysis group. Moreover, DWMH patients undergoing IVT also had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 10.3%; x2 = 5.050; p = 0.025) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.4%; x2 = 4.664; p = 0.031) than DWMH patients without IVT. Again, PVH patients had a higher rate of recurrent stroke (20.0% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.034) than DWMH patients in the control group after 90‐day follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cumulative probability of no major endpoint events (p = 0.039). Further, multivariate Cox regression revealed that PVH is an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence in AIS patients after adjusting confounding factors.

Conclusions

The location of WMH is closely associated with the efficacy of IVT in AIS patients.
A word of caution using self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve‐frame infolding
Authors: Ben‐Dor Itsik , Rogers Toby , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron
Published: October 2018

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has become a mainstay alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis at high and intermediate surgical risk. Two commercially approved valves are available in the United States: balloon‐expandable and self‐expanding. We report here a rare complication of a self‐expanding Evolut PRO (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) valve failing to expand due to nitinol frame infolding. This results in a malopposed valve with a severe paravalvular leak, even though treated successfully with balloon valvuloplasty. It is important to recognize the characteristic angiographic signature of this complication—the “straight line” sign—and how to avoid this potentially serious complication by balloon valvuloplasty or by recapture and deployment of a new valve.
Pulmonary veins isolation to retard pacemaker implantation
Authors: van der Haert Laurence , Blommaert Dominique
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Sick sinus syndrome is uncommon in children, and syndromic forms are rare. Some forms of sick sinus syndrome like the bradycardia‐tachycardia type could be managed by a radiofrequency ablation, even in young children, and could be helpful to delay the implantation of a pacemaker.
Two cases of microvillous inclusion disease caused by novel mutations in MYO5B gene
Authors: Comegna Marika , Amato Felice , Liguori Renato , Berni Canani Roberto , Spagnuolo Maria Immacolata , Morroni Manrico , Guarino Alfredo , Castaldo Giuseppe
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical Message

Microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) typically appears with severe chronic diarrhea in the few days after birth and rapidly causes dehydration and metabolic acidosis. In this context, presenting two novel cases, we underline the crucial importance of mutation analysis for the diagnosis of this disease that may be easily misdiagnosed.
Facile Solvent‐free Synthesis of Hollow Fiber Catalyst Assembled by c–axis Oriented ZSM‐5 Crystals
Authors: Yu Xing , Zhou Cunhui , Chen Xinqing , Gao Peng , Qiu Minghuang , Xue Wenjie , Yang Chengguang , Zhao Hanqin , Liu Hongjiang , Liu Ziyu , Sun Yuhan
Published: October 2018

Well crystallized hollow fibers assembled by c‐axis oriented ZSM‐5 crystals were successfully synthesized via a facile one‐pot solvent‐free route, using quartz fiber as silicon substrate and NH4HCO3 as the growing inhibitor on the crystal faces. The immigration of silica inside the quartz fibers formed the hollow morphology and the shell of hollow fiber was composed by the ZSM‐5 crystals. In addition, the length of c‐axis of ZSM‐5 could be controlled by the amount of NH4HCO3, which selectively inhibited the growth on (010) surface. The obtained ZSM‐5 hollow fibers gave a hierarchical structures composed by micro‐, meso‐ and macropores. Catalytic tests for methanol to gasoline (MTG) revealed that the resultant ZSM‐5 hollow fiber exhibited excellent performance with higher C5+ selectivity and longer lifetime due to the improved mass transfer inside the unique hollow fiber structure.
Unique Superparamagnetic‐like Behavior Observed in Non‐π‐delocalized Nitroxide Diradical Compounds Showing Discotic Liquid Crystalline Phase
Authors: Takemoto Yusa , Zaytseva Elena , Suzuki Katsuaki , Yoshioka Naoki , Takanishi Yoichi , Funahashi Masahiro , Uchida Yoshiaki , Akita Takuya , Park Jayeong , Sato Shuichi , Clevers Simon , Coquerel Gérard , Mazhukin Dmitrii G. , Shimono Satoshi , Sugiyama Masahito , Takahashi Hiroki , Yamauchi Jun , Tamura Rui
Published: October 2018

A unique superparamagnetic‐like behavior and a large “positive magneto‐LC effect” were observed in the solid phases and the hexagonal columnar (Colh) liquid crystalline (LC) phase, respectively, of novel achiral non‐π‐delocalized nitroxide diradical compounds (R,S)‐1, which showed polymorphism in the solid phases (solids I and II). The SQUID magnetization measurement revealed that (1) (R,S)‐1 containing a small amount of racemic diastereomers (R*,R*)‐1 possessed an unusual and large temperature‐independent magnetic susceptibility (χTIM>0) component in the original nanocrystalline solid I that was responsible for the observed superparamagnetic‐like behavior under low magnetic fields and did not arise from the contamination by extrinsic magnetic metal or metal ion impurities, besides ordinary temperature‐dependent paramagnetic susceptibility (χpara>0) and temperature‐independent diamagnetic susceptibility (χdia<0) components, (2) a large increase in molar magnetic susceptibility (χM) (positive magneto‐LC effect) that occurred at the solid I‐to‐liquid crystal transition upon heating was preserved as an additional χTIM increase in the resulting polymorphic nanocrystalline solid II by cooling, and (3) such unique magnetic phenomena were induced by thermal processing for (R,S)‐1 or by adding a small amount of (R*,R*)‐1 to (R,S)‐1 as the impurity.
Charge‐Transfer versus Charge‐Separated Triplet Excited States of [ReI(dmp)(CO)3(His124)(Trp122)]+ in Water and in Modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin Protein
Authors: Marazzi Marco , Gattuso Hugo , Fumanal Maria , Daniel Chantal , Monari Antonio
Published: October 2018

A computational investigation of the triplet excited states of a rhenium complex electronically coupled with a tryptophan side chain and bound to an azurin protein is presented. In particular, by using high‐level molecular modeling, evidence is provided for how the electronic properties of the excited‐state manifolds strongly depend on coupling with the environment. Indeed, only upon explicitly taking into account the protein environment can two stable triplet states of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer or charge‐separated nature be recovered. In addition, it is also demonstrated how the rhenium complex plus tryptophan system in an aqueous environment experiences too much flexibility, which prevents the two chromophores from being electronically coupled. This occurrence disables the formation of a charge‐separated state. The successful strategy requires a multiscale approach of combining molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry. In this context, the strategy used to parameterize the force fields for the electronic triplet states of the metal complex is also presented.
The Role of Bridging Water and Hydrogen Bonding as Key Determinants of Noncovalent Protein–Carbohydrate Recognition
Authors: Ruvinsky Anatoly M. , Aloni Ishita , Cappel Daniel , Higgs Chris , Marshall Kyle , Rotkiewicz Piotr , Repasky Matt , Feher Victoria A. , Feyfant Eric , Hessler Gerhard , Matter Hans
Published: October 2018

Mechanisms of protein–carbohydrate recognition attract a lot of interest due to their roles in various cellular processes and metabolism disorders. We have performed a large‐scale analysis of protein structures solved in complex with glucose, galactose and their substituted analogues. We found that, on average, sugar molecules establish five hydrogen bonds (HBs) in the binding site, including one to three HBs with bridging water molecules. The free energy contribution of bridging and direct HBs was estimated using the free energy perturbation (FEP+) methodology for mono‐ and disaccharides that bind to l‐ABP, ttGBP, TrmB, hGalectin‐1 and hGalectin‐3. We show that removing hydroxy groups that are engaged in direct HBs with the charged groups of Asp, Arg and Glu residues, protein backbone amide or buried water dramatically decreases binding affinity. In contrast, all solvent‐exposed hydroxy groups and hydroxy groups engaged in HBs with the solvent‐exposed bridging water molecules contribute weakly to binding affinity and so can be replaced to optimize ligand potency. Finally, we rationalize an effect of binding site water replacement on the binding affinity to l‐ABP.
A Fluorescent Benzo[g]isoquinoline‐Based HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Mayer Marleen , Fey Kerstin , Heinze Eva , Wick Christian R. , Abboud Martine I. , Yeh Tzu‐Lan , Tumber Anthony , Orth Nicole , Schley Gunnar , Buchholz Björn , Clark Timothy , Schofield Christopher J. , Willam Carsten , Burzlaff Nicolai
Published: October 2018

Prolyl hydroxylation domain (PHD) enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and serve as cellular oxygen sensors. HIF and the PHD enzymes regulate numerous potentially tissue‐protective target genes which can adapt cells to metabolic and ischemic stress. We describe a fluorescent PHD inhibitor (1‐chloro‐4‐hydroxybenzo[g]isoquinoline‐3‐carbonyl)glycine which is suited to fluorescence‐based detection assays and for monitoring PHD inhibitors in biological systems. In cell‐based assays, application of the fluorescent PHD inhibitor allowed co‐localization with a cellular PHD enzyme and led to live cell imaging of processes involved in cellular oxygen sensing.
Research on dynamic optimal control strategy of distributed super capacitor energy storage system based on convolution neural network
Authors: Li Pengfei , Chen Hongyun , Wang Shangshang , Xu Zhipeng , Lei Zhenyu
Published: October 2018

Compared with other modes of transport, urban rail transit has significant advantages such as large capacity, punctual safety, energy saving, and environmental protection. For pure electric buses, the problem of slow start, large battery energy loss, short battery life, and insufficient recovery of braking energy is caused by the use of single energy only. The power battery and super capacitor are combined to form a compound power supply to solve the problem. In order to improve the feature extraction ability of convolution neural networks, a deep convolution neural network model based on continuous convolution is designed. The model uses small scale convolution kernel to extract local features more carefully, and increases the nonlinear expression ability of the model by means of two continuous coiling layers. Dropout technology is used to reduce the interdependence between neurons, and the model is optimized by suppressing network overfitting. If the battery and the supercapacitor are combined to form a dual energy source system, it can not only meet the instantaneous high power demand of the electric vehicle but also prolong the life of the battery. Increasing the mileage of electric vehicles has become the development direction of pure electric vehicles. Due to its fast charging and discharging speed, long cycle life, and friendly environment, supercapacitor has unique advantages and development prospects in solving the problem of urban rail transit regeneration failure, performance analysis, modeling, and parameter identification of ultracapacitor. The performance of ultracapacitor is analyzed, and an improved dynamic equivalent circuit model of ultracapacitor is established. Therefore, this paper studies the control strategy of dual energy source storage system and the driving range of the dual energy source pure electric vehicle, which has a broad application prospect and practical significance.
Enhancing Phenotyping and Molecular Analysis of Plant Root System Using Ultrasound Aeroponic Technology
Authors: Pingault Lise , Zogli Prince , Brooks Jennifer , Libault Marc
Published: October 2018

Several plant growth systems are available to enhance the observation of the root system (e.g., hydroponic and aeroponic plant growth systems, use of transparent soils, etc.). This article describes the use of the ultrasound aeroponic system (USAS) to treat and to enhance access to the root systems of various model plant and crop species (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula, soybean, etc.). This system is also compatible with short‐term (hr) and long‐term (days/weeks) biotic and abiotic treatments of plants. Upon treatment, the ease of access to the plant root system facilitates phenotyping (e.g., analysis of root architecture, establishment of root light spectrum using remote sensing technology), microscopic, molecular, and biochemical experiments. In addition, to facilitate functional genomic studies, we combined the use of the USAS with the hairy root transformation system to grow and observe transgenic roots on composite legume plants. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparative study of two separation methods to isolate monocytes
Authors: Weiss Ronald , Gerdes Wilhelm , Leonhardt Franziska , Berthold Rommy , Sack Ulrich , Grahnert Anja
Published: October 2018

Separation of specific blood cells is necessary for a deeper insight into their role in health and disease. To obtain such cells, efficient and robust isolation methods are needed. We compare here the Fab‐based Traceless Affinity Cell Selection (TACS®) technology and the Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS®) technology to isolate human monocytes from whole blood and buffy coats as well as the differentiation of the isolated monocytes to dendritic cells (DCs). TACS® is a positive selection technology using immune affinity chromatography based on CD‐specific low affinity Fab‐fragments for the reversible capture and release of target cells. The positive selection by MACS® is based on magnetic beads coated with specific high affinity monoclonal antibodies to catch the target cells. The target cells separated by TACS® are “label‐free” while cells positively isolated by MACS® will carry the cell specific label. Our data show that the separation methods described here are well suited to obtain functional monocytes of high quality and purity. A differentiation of the cells into DCs leads to comparable results with the exception that CD1a expression levels on immature and mature DCs are elevated when monocytes are isolated using the TACS® technology. Taken together, our results suggest that the TACS® method may be of advantage when preparing monocytes and monocyte‐derived DCs for functional analyses, while the MACS® method seems to be capable of higher monocyte recoveries. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Protective role of fucoxanthin in diethylnitrosamine‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in experimental adult rats
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhao TingTing , Shi Dan , Ye Ming Bao , Yi Qiying
Published: October 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for majority of cancer related deaths. Two major risk factors in induction of HCC are chemical and virus, however, the possible mechanisms of their differences remain indefinable. The current study focused on protective role of Fucoxanthin (Fx) in liver affected by diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCC. In this study, levels of liver enzymes, oxidative stressors, antioxidant status, and lipoproteins were compared both in tissue and blood. Tissues were also analyzed extensively by histological studies using H and E staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Rats were clustered into four groups of six experimental animals. Group I: Control rats were administered isotonic saline intraperitoneal Group II: Animals received 0.01% DEN through drinking water to induce hepatocellular carcinoma. Group III: Animals received 0.01% DEN simultaneously oral supplementation of Fx (50 mg/kg b.w). Group IV: Rats were given Fx alone (50 mg/kg b.w) orally and the treatment is for 15 weeks. Results showed the decrease in body weight, serum albumin, antioxidant enzymes, and increased all the liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, and stress markers in DEN induced rats, where as the simultaneous supplementation of Fx reverted them to normal levels. Administration of only Fx did not show any change. Therefore, Fx may serve as a chemotherapeutic agent against liver cancer.
Galectin‐3 and risk of cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tan Kathryn C.B. , Cheung Ching‐Lung , Lee Alan C.H. , Lam Joanne K.Y. , Wong Ying , Shiu Sammy W.M.
Published: October 2018

Aims

Recent clinical studies have shown that galectin‐3 is a prognostic indicator in patients with coronary heart disease and in patients with heart failure. Experimental data suggest that galectin‐3 may play a role in atherogenesis. We have evaluated whether serum galectin‐3 level is associated with cardiovascular outcome in type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods

Galectin‐3 was measured in baseline samples in 1495 persons with type 2 diabetes. The primary cardiovascular outcome, incident cardiovascular events, was defined as first non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or death from cardiovascular cause. The secondary outcome was all‐cause mortality.

Results

At baseline, 12% of the subjects had prevalent cardiovascular disease. Serum galectin‐3 was increased in the group with incident cardiovascular events compared with those who remained free of events during follow up (9.03 ± 2.98 ng/mL vs 8.15 ± 2.76, P < 0.01). Serum galectin‐3 was also significantly increased in those subjects with a fatal outcome. The hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular events and all‐cause mortality for individuals in the top quartile were 2.50 (95% CI 1.87, 3.36, P < 0.001) and 3.92 (95%CI 2.55, 6.01, P < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis including traditional risk factors, log (eGFR), baseline albuminuria, and cardiovascular disease status, the HR per standard deviation change in galectin‐3 was 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.26, P = 0.02) for cardiovascular events and 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35, P = 0.04) for all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Serum galectin‐3 is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes independent of traditional risk factors.
Effects of model choice, network structure, and interaction strengths on knockout extinction models of ecological robustness
Authors: Bane Miranda S. , Pocock Michael J. O. , James Richard
Published: October 2018

Analysis of ecological networks is a valuable approach to understanding the vulnerability of systems to disturbance. The tolerance of ecological networks to coextinctions, resulting from sequences of primary extinctions (here termed “knockout extinction models”, in contrast with other dynamic approaches), is a widely used tool for modeling network “robustness”. Currently, there is an emphasis to increase biological realism in these models, but less attention has been given to the effect of model choices and network structure on robustness measures. Here, we present a suite of knockout extinction models for bipartite ecological networks (specifically plant–pollinator networks) that can all be analyzed on the same terms, enabling us to test the effects of extinction rules, interaction weights, and network structure on robustness. We include two simple ecologically plausible models of propagating extinctions, one new and one adapted from existing models. All models can be used with weighted or binary interaction data. We found that the choice of extinction rules impacts robustness; our two propagating models produce opposing effects in all tests on observed plant–pollinator networks. Adding weights to the interactions tends to amplify the opposing effects and increase the variation in robustness. Variation in robustness is a key feature of these extinction models and is driven by the structural heterogeneity of nodes (specifically, the skewness of the plant degree distribution) in the network. Our analysis therefore reveals the mechanisms and fundamental network properties that drive observed trends in robustness.
Invasive species denialism: Sorting out facts, beliefs, and definitions
Authors: Boltovskoy Demetrio , Sylvester Francisco , Paolucci Esteban M.
Published: October 2018

In the last decades, thousands of investigations confirmed the detrimental effects of species translocated by man outside of their native ranges (nonindigenous species, or NIS). However, results concluding that many NIS have null, neutral, or positive impacts on the biota and on human interests are as common in the scientific literature as those that point at baneful impacts. Recently, several scholars confronted the stand that origin per se is not a reliable indicator of negative effects, suggesting that such conclusions are the expression of scientific denialism, often led by spurious purposes, and that their numbers are increasing. When assessed in the context of the growing interest in introduced species, the proportion of academic publications claiming that NIS pose no threats to the environment and to social and economic interests is extremely low, and has not increased since 1990. The widely prevailing notion that many NIS are effectively or potentially harmful does not conflict with the fact that most have mixed (negative, neutral, and positive) impacts. When based on solid grounds, reports of positive or neutral impacts should not be labeled as manipulative or misleading unless proven otherwise, even if they may hamper interest in‐ and funding of research and control bioinvasion programs.
Embryonal life histories: Desiccation plasticity and diapause in the Argentinean pearlfish Austrolebias bellottii
Authors: Van Dooren Tom J. M. , Varela‐Lasheras Irma
Published: October 2018

Embryos of annual killifish diapause in soil egg banks while ponds are dry. Their rates of development and survival in different developmental stages determine the numbers and stages of embryos at rewetting. In the Argentinean pearlfish Austrolebias bellottii, we investigated plasticity for desiccation in such embryonal life history components across phases of mild desiccation and rewetting and also effects of life history on hatching. In comparison with nonannuals, our data suggest that incidences of diapause have become relatively independent of the occurrence of desiccation, as if they have become genetically assimilated. We found limited survival effects of desiccation, limited developmental delays, and an acceleration of development into the prehatching stage. This response can be adaptive when desiccation informs that an opportunity to hatch approaches. Embryos arrest development in the prehatching stage (diapause DIII) or in the dispersed‐cell phase (diapause DI). Parental pair variation in rates of development and survival in the earliest developmental stages affects the fraction of embryos that are in DI at rewetting and the number surviving. Given such effects on life history fitness components, rates during embryonal development seem "visible" to selection and the developmental system can thus adapt when pair variation contains a heritable component. In agreement with expectations for the presence of diversified bet‐hedging, some embryos hatched and others not in over half of the clutches with several developed embryos at the moment of rewetting. Hatching probabilities increased for eggs produced later in the experiment, and they increased when embryos were rewetted a second time after two months. This response is opposite of what is expected when age‐dependent hatching would be adapted to exploit opportunities for completing another generation before the dry season.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of New Hexanuclear MnIII2LnIII4 Complexes: SMM Behavior of the Terbium(III) Analogue
Authors: Roy Shuvayan , Ghosh Sagar , Martins Daniel O. T. A. , Tuna Floriana , Mohanta Sasankasekhar
Published: October 2018

This investigation reports the syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of a series of isomorphous hexanuclear MnIII2LnIII4 compounds of composition [MnIII2LnIII4L12L22(µ3‐OH)4(µ1,3‐Pivalate)6(NO3)2]·2CH3CN {Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2), Ho (3), Er (4)}, where H2L1 is the Schiff base ligand that is obtained by [1+1] condensation of 3‐methoxysalicylaldehyde (HL2) with 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol. While the O(phenoxo)N(imine)O(alkoxo) pocket of the ligand [L1]2– binds a MnIII ion, the other pocket, O(methoxy)O(phenoxo), remains noncoordinated. In contrast, each of the O(methoxy)O(phenoxo) and O(phenoxo)O(aldehyde) sites of [L2]– is occupied by a LnIII ion. Additionally, there are four µ3‐hydroxo, six µ1,3‐pivalate, and two chelating nitrate ligands, stabilizing the hexanuclear cores. Magnetic susceptibility (2–300 K) and magnetization (M) data reveal significant anisotropy in 1–4. Detailed ac susceptibility measurements have revealed single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior in the TbIII analogue with Ueff = 11.12 cm–1 and τ0 = 1.04 × 10–7 s under a 1000 Oe dc field and Ueff = 10.42 cm–1 and τ0 = 1.62 × 10–7 s under a 3500 Oe dc field, while the other three analogues do not show slow relaxation of magnetization.
Power increases the self‐serving bias in the attribution of collective successes and failures
Authors: Lammers Joris , Burgmer Pascal
Published: October 2018

Three studies test the effect of power on the self‐serving bias in attributing collective outcomes. The first two studies measure (Experiment 1) and manipulate (Experiment 2) power and then measure the internal (vs. external) attribution of past successes and failures. Consistently, those who feel powerful show a stronger self‐serving tendency to selectively attribute successes internally and failures externally than those who feel powerless. Experiment 3 compares the effects of power (control over others) and personal control (over oneself). We find that power increases the self‐serving bias, but a lack of control can limit this effect by reducing the external attribution of failures. Presumably, people who lack control are disinclined to attribute outcomes—including failures—externally because doing so would further aggravate their lack of control. Together, these results suggest that power increases a bias in the attribution of success and failure and thus presents a fundamental challenge to good leadership.
Performance evaluation of amplify‐and‐forward relaying cooperative vehicular networks under physical layer security
Authors: Pandey Anshul , Yadav Suneel
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we address the physical layer security of a cooperative vehicular network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper vehicle, where the communication from a fixed source node to a fixed destination node is assisted by an amplify‐and‐forward relay vehicle and by direct link, in two transmission phases. Based on the security of the first transmission phase, we consider two scenarios for the cooperative vehicular networks. In Scenario I, the first phase is secure (ie, the direct link between source and eavesdropper is not available) and the eavesdropping occurs only in the second phase. In Scenario II, the first phase is not secure (ie, the direct link between source and eavesdropper is present) and the eavesdropping occurs during both the first and second phases. We assume that source‐to‐destination, source‐to‐relay vehicle, relay vehicle‐to‐destination, and source‐to‐eavesdropper vehicle channels are modeled as Rayleigh fading, whereas the channel between relay and eavesdropper vehicles is modeled by double‐Rayleigh fading. Under such channel modeling, we deduce the new tight closed‐form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) under both Scenario I and Scenario II. We also investigate the effective secrecy diversity order in the high main‐to‐eavesdropper ratio (MER) regime. The numerical and simulation results corroborate our theoretical analysis and findings and show the occurrence condition for SOP floor phenomenon and influences of channel conditions and relay and eavesdropper locations on the SOP performance. Our results also reveal that the presence of source‐to‐eavesdropper link has significant impact on the SOP performance and relay location.
Practicing environmental data justice: From DataRescue to Data Together
Authors: Walker Dawn , Nost Eric , Lemelin Aaron , Lave Rebecca , Dillon Lindsey
Published: October 2018

The Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI) formed in response to the 2016 US elections and the resulting political shifts which created widespread public concern about the future integrity of US environmental agencies and policy. As a distributed, consensus‐based organisation, EDGI has worked to document, contextualise, and analyse changes to environmental data and governance practices in the US. One project EDGI has undertaken is the grassroots archiving of government environmental data sets through our involvement with the DataRescue movement. However, over the past year, our focus has shifted from saving environmental data to a broader project of rethinking the infrastructures required for community stewardship of data: Data Together. Through this project, EDGI seeks to make data more accessible and environmental decision‐making more accountable through new social and technical infrastructures. The shift from DataRescue to Data Together exemplifies EDGI's ongoing attempts to put an “environmental data justice” prioritising community self‐determination into practice. By drawing on environmental justice, critical GIS, critical data studies, and emerging data justice scholarship, EDGI hopes to inform our ongoing engagement in projects that seek to enact alternative futures for data stewardship.
Parkin targets NOD2 to regulate astrocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation
Authors: Singh Komudi , Han Kim , Tilve Sharada , Wu Kaiyuan , Geller Herbert M. , Sack Michael N
Published: October 2018

Loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons results in Parkinson disease (PD). Degenerative PD usually presents in the seventh decade whereas genetic disorders, including mutations in PARK2, predispose to early onset PD. PARK2 encodes the parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase which confers pleotropic effects on mitochondrial and cellular fidelity and as a mediator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Although the majority of studies investigating ameliorative effects of parkin focus on dopaminergic neurons we found that astrocytes are enriched with parkin. Furthermore, astrocytes deficient in parkin display stress‐induced elevation of nucleotide‐oligomerization domain receptor 2 (NOD2), a cytosolic receptor integrating ER stress and inflammation. Given the neurotropic and immunomodulatory role of astrocytes we reasoned that parkin may regulate astrocyte ER stress and inflammation to control neuronal homeostasis. We show that, in response to ER stress, parkin knockdown astrocytes exhibit exaggerated ER stress, JNK activation and cytokine release, and reduced neurotropic factor expression. In coculture studied we demonstrate that dopaminergic SHSY5Y cells and primary neurons with the presence of parkin depleted astrocytes are more susceptible to ER stress and inflammation‐induced apoptosis than wildtype astrocytes. Parkin interacted with, ubiquitylated and diminished NOD2 levels. Additionally, the genetic induction of parkin ameliorated inflammation in NOD2 expressing cells and knockdown of NOD2 in astrocytes suppressed inflammatory defects in parkin deficient astrocytes and concurrently blunted neuronal apoptosis. Collectively these data identify a role for parkin in modulating NOD2 as a regulatory node in astrocytic control of neuronal homeostasis.
Characterizing hippocampal dynamics with MEG: A systematic review and evidence‐based guidelines
Authors: Ruzich Emily , Crespo‐García Maité , Dalal Sarang S. , Schneiderman Justin F.
Published: October 2018

The hippocampus, a hub of activity for a variety of important cognitive processes, is a target of increasing interest for researchers and clinicians. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an attractive technique for imaging spectro‐temporal aspects of function, for example, neural oscillations and network timing, especially in shallow cortical structures. However, the decrease in MEG signal‐to‐noise ratio as a function of source depth implies that the utility of MEG for investigations of deeper brain structures, including the hippocampus, is less clear. To determine whether MEG can be used to detect and localize activity from the hippocampus, we executed a systematic review of the existing literature and found successful detection of oscillatory neural activity originating in the hippocampus with MEG. Prerequisites are the use of established experimental paradigms, adequate coregistration, forward modeling, analysis methods, optimization of signal‐to‐noise ratios, and protocol trial designs that maximize contrast for hippocampal activity while minimizing those from other brain regions. While localizing activity to specific sub‐structures within the hippocampus has not been achieved, we provide recommendations for improving the reliability of such endeavors.
An examination of health promotion and social inclusion activities: A cross‐sectional survey of Australian community Men's Sheds
Authors: Wilson Nathan J. , Cordier Reinie , Parsons Richard , Vaz Sharmila , Ciccarelli Marina
Published: October 2018

Issue addressed

The activities and well‐being outcomes from participating at Men's Sheds are the focus of a growing body of research. Although many Men's Sheds have a clear health or social philosophy, this does not always translate into health and social activities.

Method

This cross‐sectional survey explored the health promotion and social inclusion activities of Men's Sheds and features of Sheds that predict greater levels of these activities. All Australian Men's Sheds were invited to participate. Based on survey responses, Sheds were classified as “active” or “not active” in health promotion and social inclusion, which formed the main survey outcomes. Profiles of the responding Sheds were summarised and compared against the main survey outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses explored the profile variables associated with “active” Sheds.

Results

Responses from 300 Sheds indicated 37% and 70% of Sheds were “active” in health promotion and social inclusivity respectively. Number of members, members with mental illness or of Indigenous descent, providing meals and targeting war veterans were associated with health promotion. Having five or more members with a disability, members with English as a second language, targeting of war veterans were associated with social inclusiveness.

Conclusions

Men's Sheds may serve as a unique community resource to reduce barriers of access to preventative health care, education and social connectedness, especially for marginalised members and those living in rural communities.

So what?

A proportion of Men's Sheds reflects the health and well‐being exemplars mentioned in the National Male Health Policy that can help to counter the social determinants of poor health, particularly for marginalised males.
Better care through an optimized mental health services continuum (Eastern Townships, Québec, Canada): A systematic and multisource literature review
Authors: Roy Mathieu , Dagenais Pierre , Pinsonneault Linda , Déry Véronique
Published: October 2018

Introduction

In 2014, the health authorities of the Eastern Townships (Québec, Canada) commissioned an evaluation of the mental health admission system for adults (GASMA) to identify the best GASMA organizational or structural elements and optimize the mental health services continuum.

Methods

To develop better services, seven indicators (ie, accessibility to services, integration of levels of services, user satisfaction, guidance and management time, evaluation tools, professional composition, and interprofessional collaboration) were examined through four evaluation questions. A three‐step systematic and multisource evaluation was realized. A systematic review of the scientific and gray literature was performed. This evaluation also included key informant opinions to contextualize results from this review.

Results

Results from 91 scientific articles, 40 gray literature documents, and 10 interviews highlighted determinants and barriers associated with the examined indicators. From these results, 24 preliminary recommendations were formulated and discussed in a steering committee. These recommendations were then weighted and validated. This served to formulate three final recommendations.

Conclusion

To optimize the regional mental health services continuum, stakeholders should (1) implement a single‐window access for adults with mental health needs, (2) develop alternative services based on users' needs, and (3) test the effectiveness of new methods, initiatives, and tools.
Factors affecting job satisfaction among medical laboratory technologists in University Hospital, Oman: An exploratory study
Authors: Alrawahi Samira , Sellgren Stina Fransson , Alwahaibi Nasar , Altouby Salem , Brommels Mats
Published: October 2018

Background

The worldwide shortage of health care professionals has prompted Oman to recruit such professionals from other countries. Among such professionals, medical laboratory technologists are key in effective health care delivery, and it is therefore important to discover what influences the job satisfaction enjoyed by them. However, little research has been undertaken in this area; consequently, this study explores the factors that impact upon job satisfaction among medical laboratory technologists in University Hospital, Oman.

Method

Twelve groups of professionals were involved in Focus Group Discussions. The participants comprised senior and junior medical laboratory technologists. The study was undertaken during the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. One general question was presented: Can you please describe your situation at work in this hospital?

Results

Factors that caused major dissatisfaction at work were identified as follows: workload, promotion, health and safety in the laboratory, relationship with the leaders, professional status (recognition and appreciation), and hospital policies such as appraisal. Stress was the outcome of the presence/absence/quality of these factors. Other factors that emerged as important were autonomy and professional development. The satisfaction factors were identified as salary, the co‐worker relationship, and job security for non‐Omanis.

Conclusions

These findings call for a reevaluation of the promotion system, improved health and safety within the laboratories, appraisal that relates to the technologists careers within their laboratories, and improved professional training programmes for career enhancement.
Expanding the concept of fit in strategic human resource management: An examination of the relationship between human resource practices and charismatic leadership on organizational outcomes
Authors: McClean Elizabeth , Collins Christopher J.
Published: October 2018

We investigate the relationship between high‐commitment human resources (HCHR) practices and chief executive officer (CEO) charismatic leadership on voluntary employee turnover and relative performance to peers in a sample of 281 small firms. In this study, we expand upon prior conceptualizations of fit within the literature on strategic human resources (HR) to include the fit of HCHR with other aspects of the people management system. Specifically, we hypothesize a variety of relationships that may occur (e.g., positive synergistic, deadly combination, or substitution) and find that when a firm uses a system of HCHR practices and has a charismatic leader, performance is highest and turnover lowest. Conversely, when a firm does not invest in either, performance is lowest and turnover highest. We also found some support for a substitution effect as our data showed that when there is a mismatch between a firm's HR system and the leadership characteristics of the CEO, turnover is higher and performance lower than the high‐investment people management system (high HCHR and high‐charismatic leadership), but turnover is lower and performance higher than the low‐investment (low HCHR and low‐charismatic leadership) people management system.
Comparative study on heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids flow in ribs tube using CFD simulation
Authors: Salman Sami D.
Published: October 2018

This study presents, a numerical investigation of two‐dimensional turbulent nanofluids flow in different ribs tube configurations on heat transfer, friction, and thermal performance coefficients using ANSYS‐FLUENT software version‐16. Governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy have been solved by means of a finite volume method (FVM). Four types of nanoparticles namely; Al2O3, CuO, SiO2, and ZnO with volume fraction range (1%‐4%) and different size of nanoparticles (dp = 30 nm, 40 nm, 50 nm, and 60 nm) with various Reynolds number (10 000‐30 000) in a constant heat flux tube with rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal ribs were conducted for simulation. The results exhibit that Nusselt number for all cases enhanced with Reynolds number and nanofluid volume fraction increases. Likewise, the results also reveal that SiO2 with volume fractions of 4% and diameters of nanoparticles of 30 nm in triangular ribs offered the highest Nusselt number at Reynolds number of Re = 30 000. In addition, the higher value of thermal performance factor was obtained at Reynolds number of Re = 10 000.
Improved velocity and temperature profiles for integral solution in the laminar boundary layer flow on a semi‐infinite flat plate
Authors: Seyyedi S. M. , Dogonchi A. S. , Hashemi‐Tilehnoee M. , Ganji D. D.
Published: October 2018

One of the most important problems in Mechanical Engineering is the determination of laminar boundary layer thickness over a flat plate. Integral solution and similarity solutions are two well‐known methods for calculation of boundary layer thickness. However, integral solution method is a computational cost‐effective method rather than the similarity solution method. Velocity and temperature profiles must be determined for the integral solution method. Velocity boundary layer thickness can be determined by the velocity profile whereas for determination of thermal boundary layer thickness both velocity and temperature profiles must be used. Available velocity profiles do not give an exact value for velocity boundary layer thickness, while the Nusselt number is affected by these profiles. In this study, a new velocity profile is proposed which gives an exact value for laminar boundary layer thickness on a flat plate. In addition, two temperature profiles are proposed that give the exact values of the Nusselt number over a flat plate for uniform temperature and uniform heat flux boundary conditions. The calculated constants in the velocity boundary layer thickness equation and the Nusselt relations are validated with the results of the similarity solution method. Excellent agreement between the results of the two methods is observed.
Thermal and solutal Marangoni stagnation point Casson fluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of radiation, Soret and Dofour effect with chemical reaction
Authors: Shaw Sachin , Mahanta Ganeswar , Das Mrutyunjay
Published: October 2018

The Marangoni flow is involved with microgravity and earth gravity, which causes undesirable effects in crystal growth experiments. Crystal growth experiments were designed in such a manner so as to appraise MIR (space station), which is one of the best platforms for protein crystallization and radiation experiments. In this article, a model is proposed with a stagnation point and a Casson fluid flow at the interface of the plate in the presence of Marangoni convection influenced by a magnetic field and chemical reaction. Furthermore, it is considered that both temperature and concentration surface tension vary linearly with the interface. It is important to choose similarity transformations for implementing nonlinear differential equations into linear ordinary differential equations. We solved the system of differential equations using fourth order Range‐Kutta method with suitable shooting techniques, and the results are displayed through graphs. A comparison is made with the earlier existing literature, and it shows a very good agreement. The results and a detailed discussion of velocity, temperature, and concentration have been shown graphically. The favorable and unfavorable buoyancy force to Marangoni flow, the features of temperature and concentration field, have been investigated.