bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Immunomodulation and Shifts on the Gut Microbiota of BALB/c Mice Promoted by TwoBifidobacteriumandLactobacillusStrains Isolated from Human Samples
Authors: Nogacka Alicja M. , Oddi Sofia , Salazar Nuria , Reinheimer Jorge A. , Gueimonde Miguel , Vinderola Gabriel , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G.
Published: April 2019

Bifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactisIPLA 20020 andLactobacillus gasseriIPLA 20212, two strains isolated from human samples, were evaluated for safety and influence over the intestinal microbiota and cytokine production by the intestinal tissue of adult BALB/c mice. Mice were divided into four groups receiving during 8 days PBS or a suspension of each strain, prepared fresh or lyophilized (bifidobacteria), at an amount of 4x108viable cells/day. This dose could be comparable to the probiotic intake of a human adult who consumed about 100-200 mL of functional fermented milk per day, considering the usual level of probiotics in commercial products. No microbial translocation to liver or alterations in food intake, weight, and behavior were observed in treated mice. Intestinal content of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) was not affected, discarding any adverse effect on the mucosa-associated immunity. The profile of intestinal proinflammatory/regulatory cytokines after intervention evidenced that the microbial strain administered and its cellular state (fresh or lyophilized) as well as the host tissue analyzed (small or large intestine) influenced the immune response and suggests a moderate shift towards a T helper 1 profile (Th1) in the large intestine after the administration of both strains. Changes on relative levels of some intestinal microbial groups were evidenced after intervention. It is noteworthy that butyrate was positively associated with a balanced pro-Th1 immune response. Therefore,B. animalissubsp. lactisIPLA20020 andL. gasseriIPLA 20212 could be considered potential probiotic candidates to be included in functional foods for balancing the intestinal immune response.
Multiset Structural Attack on Generalized Feistel Networks
Authors: Fan Ruya , Cui Ting , Chen Shiwei , Jin Chenhui , Zheng Haoran
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we present new generic multiset attacks against generalized Feistel networks, by which we can recover all the unknown round functions completely instead of deciding whether an unknown encryption oracle is such network or a random permutation. With one r‐round multiset distinguisher, we can recover the outermost round functions for r + 1‐round block cipher. Next we propose the dummy-round technique, which allows us to make a full‐round decomposition if the outermost round is recovered. Moreover, the dummy-round technique barely increases the complexity of our attack. Using this generic method, we propose attacks on 7‐round RC6‐like and 7‐round CLEFIA‐like structures. Our attacks can recover all the secret round functions, requiring only O(10 × 20.7n) time complexity and O(5 × 2n/2) chosen plaintexts, where n indicates the block size of the cipher. For 64‐bit ciphers of these two structures, our results will lead to a practical attack.
Interactions between Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activation and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the Development of Ventilator-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Xian-Long , Wei Xiao-Jun , Li Shao-Ping , Liu Rui-Ning , Yu Ming-Xia , Zhao Yan
Published: April 2019

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) has been reported to be critical for infection-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and diaphragm dysfunction (DD). In the present study, we aim to investigate whether cPLA2 was involved in ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Our results showed that mechanical ventilation (MV) induced cPLA2 activation in the diaphragm with excessive mitochondrial ROS generation and muscle weakness. Specific inhibition of cPLA2 with CDIBA resulted in decreased mitochondrial ROS levels and improved diaphragm forces. In addition, mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO attenuated ventilator-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and downregulated cPLA2 activation in vivo. Both CDIBA and MitoTEMPO were able to attenuate protein degradation, muscle atrophy, and weakness following prolonged MV. Furthermore, laser Doppler imaging showed that MV decreased diaphragm tissue perfusion and induced subsequent hypoxia. An in vitro study also demonstrated a positive association between cPLA2 activation and mitochondrial ROS generation in C2C12 cells cultured under hypoxic condition. Collectively, our study showed that cPLA2 activation positively interacts with mitochondrial ROS generation in the development of VIDD, and ventilator-induced diaphragm hypoxia serves as a possible contributor to this positive feedback loop.
Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections on Length of Stay: A Study in 68 Hospitals in China
Authors: Jia Huixue , Li Liuyi , Li Weiguang , Hou Tieying , Ma Hongqiu , Yang Yun , Wu Anhua , Liu Yunxi , Wen Jianguo , Yang Huai , Luo Xiaoli , Xing Yawei , Zhang Weihong , Wu Yinghong , Ding Lili , Liu Weiping , Lin Ling , Li Ying , Chen Meilian
Published: April 2019

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) not only bring additional medical cost to the patients but also prolong the length of stay (LOS). 2119 HAI case-patients and 2119 matched control-patients were identified in 68 hospitals in 14 primary sampling provinces of 7 major regions of China. The HAI caused an increase in stay of 10.4 days. The LOS due to HAI increased from 9.7 to 10.9 days in different levels of hospitals. There was no statistically significant difference in the increased LOS between different hospital levels. The increased LOS due to HAI in different regions was 8.2 to 12.6 days. Comparing between regions, we found that the increased LOS due to HAI in South China is longer than other regions except the Northeast. The gastrointestinal infection (GI) caused the shortest extra LOS of 6.7 days while the BSI caused the longest extra LOS of 12.8 days. The increased LOS for GI was significantly shorter than that of other sites. Among 2119 case-patients, the non-multidrug-resistant pathogens were detected in 365 cases. The average increased LOS due to these bacterial infections was 12.2 days. E. coli infection caused significantly shorter LOS. The studied MDROs, namely, MRSA, VRE, ESBLs-E. coli, ESBLs-KP, CR-E. coli, CR-KP, CR-AB, and CR-PA were detected in 381 cases (18.0%). The average increased LOS due to these MDRO infections was 14 days. Comparing between different MDRO infections, we found that the increased LOS due to HAI caused by CR-PA (26.5 days) is longer than other MDRO infections (shorter than 19.8 days).
Teaching Mathematics through Concept Motivation and Action Learning
Authors: Abramovich Sergei , Grinshpan Arcadii Z. , Milligan David L.
Published: April 2019

This is a practice-led, conceptual paper describing selected means for action learning and concept motivation at all levels of mathematics education. It details the approach used by the authors to devise insights for practitioners of mathematics teaching. The paper shows that this approach in mathematics education based on action learning in conjunction with the natural motivation stemming from common sense is effective. Also, stimulating questions, computer analysis (internet search included), and classical famous problems are important motivating tools in mathematics, which are particularly beneficial in the framework of action learning. The authors argue that the entire K-20 mathematics curriculum under a single umbrella is practicable when techniques of concept motivation and action learning are in place throughout that broad spectrum. This argument is supported by various examples that could be helpful in practice of school teachers and university instructors. The authors found pragmatic cause for action learning within mathematics education at virtually any point in student academic lives.
Enterocin BacFL31 from a SafetyEnterococcus faeciumFL31: Natural Preservative Agent Used Alone and in Combination with Aqueous Peel Onion (Allium cepa) Extract in Ground Beef Meat Storage
Authors: Mtibaa Ahlem Chakchouk , Smaoui Slim , Ben Hlima Hajer , Sellem Imen , Ennouri Karim , Mellouli Lotfi
Published: April 2019

Safety aspects and probiotic properties ofEnterococcus faeciumFL31 strain producing an enterocin, named BacFL31 were previously demonstrated. Taking into account its originality, the enterocin BacFL31 was added alone at 200 AU/g or in combination with the aqueous peel onion (Allium cepa) extract (APOE) at 1.56 ± 0.3 mg/mL to ground beef meat. Its biopreservative effect was evaluated by microbiological, physicochemical and sensory analyses during 14 days at 4°C. The APOE was characterized for its phytochemical content: total phenolic (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and tannins contents (TAC), its antioxidant capacity using thein vitro1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and its antilisterial activity. APOE had a high TPC, TFC and TAC respectively with 140 ± 2.05 (mg GAE/g), 35 ± 0.5 (mg QE/g) and 20.6 ± 1.4 (mg CE/g). Equally, APOE showed a potential radical scavenging activity compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with an anti-radical power (ARP) of 46 ± 1.5. During 14 days of storage at 4°C, the combination between APOE and BacFL31 limited the microbial deterioration (P< 0.05), led to a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values and slowed down the metmyoglobin (MetMb) and carbonyl group accumulation and delayed the disappearance of sulfphydryl proteins (P< 0.05). The combination was also efficient (P< 0.05) against microflora proliferation, decreased primary and secondary lipid oxidation (P< 0.05), reduced protein oxidation and enhanced significantly (P< 0.05) the sensory attributes. Thus, the enterocin BacFL31 use from a safeEnterococcus faeciumcombined with APOE as a potential natural preservative to biocontrol ground beef was promising as it was effective at low concentration. The data lay bases for new tests to be carried out in other food matrices.
Successful Use of Pulmonary Vasodilators in Acute Chest Syndrome Complicated by Persistent Right Ventricular Failure
Authors: DesJardin Jacqueline T. , Zier Lucas S.
Published: April 2019

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a known consequence of sickle cell disease (SCD) and is associated with increased mortality and more frequent episodes of acute chest syndrome (ACS). Pulmonary pressures are known to increase during ACS, and right ventricular (RV) failure has been described as a significant cause of mortality in this condition. Management of ACS includes exchange transfusion, pain control, and prevention of hypovolemia and hypoxemia. However, in patients with a history of precapillary PH in whom ACS is complicated by persistent RV failure and cardiogenic shock, RV afterload reduction with pulmonary vasodilators may be an effective treatment strategy. Here, we present a case of a young man with SCD-associated PH and ACS who was successfully managed with inhaled and oral pulmonary vasodilators in the setting of persistent elevations in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to acute RV failure and cardiogenic shock.
Bacterial Aetiologies of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among Adults in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Tchatchouang Serges , Nzouankeu Ariane , Kenmoe Sebastien , Ngando Laure , Penlap Veronique , Fonkoua Marie-Christine , Pefura-Yone Eric-Walter , Njouom Richard
Published: April 2019

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a challenge in African healthcare settings and only few data are available on their aetiology in Cameroon. The purpose of this study was to access the bacterial cause of LRTIs in patients in Cameroon by two methods.Methods. Participants with LRTIs were enrolled in the referral centre for respiratory diseases in Yaoundé city and its surroundings. To detect bacteria, specimens were tested by conventional bacterial culture and a commercial reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. One hundred forty-one adult patients with LRTIs were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 46.8% were positive for at least one bacterium.Streptococcus pneumoniaeandHaemophilus influenzaewere the most detected bacteria with 14.2% (20/141) followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae, 9.2% (13/141),Staphylococcus aureus, 7.1% (10/141), andMoraxella catarrhalis, 4.3% (6/141). Bacterial coinfection accounted for 23% (14/61) withHaemophilus influenzaebeing implicated in 19.7% (12/61). The diagnostic performance of RT-PCR for bacteria detection (43.3%) was significantly different from that of culture (17.7%) (p< 0.001). OnlyStreptococcus pneumoniaedetection was associated with empyema by RT-PCR (p<0.001). These findings enhance understanding of bacterial aetiologies in order to improve respiratory infection management and treatment. It also highlights the need to implement molecular tools as part of the diagnosis of LRTIs.
Comparing Sequential with Combined Spatiotemporal Clustering of Passenger Trips in the Public Transit Network Using Smart Card Data
Authors: Faroqi Hamed , Mesbah Mahmoud , Kim Jiwon
Published: April 2019

Smart card datasets in the public transit network provide opportunities to analyse the behaviour of passengers as individuals or as groups. Studying passenger behaviour in both spatial and temporal space is important because it helps to find the pattern of mobility in the network. Also, clustering passengers based on their trips regarding both spatial and temporal similarity measures can improve group‐based transit services such as Demand‐Responsive Transit (DRT). Clustering passengers based on their trips can be carried out by different methods, which are investigated in this paper. This paper sheds light on differences between sequential and combined spatial and temporal clustering alternatives in the public transit network. Firstly, the spatial and temporal similarity measures between passengers are defined. Secondly, the passengers are clustered using a hierarchical agglomerative algorithm by three different methods including sequential two‐step spatial‐temporal (S‐T), sequential two‐step temporal‐spatial (T‐S), and combined one‐step spatiotemporal (ST) clustering. Thirdly, the characteristics of the resultant clusters are described and compared using maps, numerical and statistical values, cross correlation techniques, and temporal density plots. Furthermore, some passengers are selected to show how differently the three methods put the passengers in groups. Four days of smart card data comprising 80,000 passengers in Brisbane, Australia, are selected to compare these methods. The analyses show that while the sequential methods (S‐T and T‐S) discover more diverse spatial and temporal patterns in the network, the ST method entails more robust groups (higher spatial and temporal similarity values inside the groups).
Novel Immune Microlens Imaging for Detection of Antigen and Antibody
Authors: Liang Jiahui , Ye Xiaotian , He Jiang , Liu Jing , Huang Yaoxiong , Xing Feiyue
Published: April 2019

Detection and analysis of antigen-antibody reaction is one of the most critical detection techniques in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental science, and food safety. Traditional and classical methods for detecting antigen and antibody encounter many problems, such as time-consuming, high cost, and low accuracy. A novel immune microsphere imaging technique by the microlens is used to test the changes of refractive index before and after antigen-antibody reaction. It can quickly perform qualitative and quantitative determination for antigen-antibody reaction without any labeling, premodification, postwashing, and expensive enzymes. Here, we feature and discuss its principle and advantages, structure of a microlens immunoassay instrument, and potential in measuring clinical samples. It is promising to be developed for application to diagnosis of clinical diseases.
Successful Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in an Adolescent Male with Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: Zee-Cheng Janine , Fox Thomas , Patel Sonal , Abu-Sultaneh Samer
Published: April 2019

Large pyogenic liver abscess is a rare and difficult to treat entity in pediatric patients. Percutaneous drainage rather than open surgical drainage has become more common in recent years, even for large abscesses. Percutaneous drainage can be complicated by catheter obstruction. We present the case of a 16-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, fever, and chills. He was diagnosed with a 9-centimeter liver abscess. A CT-guided percutaneous drainage was placed. The catheter initially drained well, but then became occluded. Tissue plasminogen activator was instilled into the catheter every 6 hours for a total of five doses, resulting in increased drainage and improved clinical state of the patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of tissue plasminogen activator in pyogenic liver abscess in the pediatric population.
An External CAM Therapy (Tian Jiu) versus Placebo in Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis: A Pilot Single-Blinded, Three-Arm, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Dai Liang , Zhong Linda L. D. , Kun Wai , Lam Wai Ching , Yang Zhen , Huang Tao , Mu Huaixue , Bian Zhao-xiang
Published: April 2019

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the common allergic diseases in clinical practice and significantly impairs the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The conventional treatments are not satisfactory because of various reasons. Tian Jiu (TJ) therapy is a characteristic external intervention of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and has been widely utilized in the management of AR. However, the evidences resulted from current studies were generally poor due to high risk of bias. Therefore, we conducted this rigorous designed, single-blinded, three-arm, randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TJ therapy on AR. Totally 138 AR patients were enrolled. The TJ group and placebo group received 4-week treatment with either TJ or placebo patches for 2 hours each time applied to Dazhui (GV 14), bilateral Feishu (UB 13), and bilateral Shenshu (UB 23) one session per week and then underwent a 4-week follow-up. The waitlist group received no treatment during the corresponding treatment period, but would be given compensatory TJ treatment in the next 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change of the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) after treatment. The secondary outcomes included the changes of Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and rescue medication score (RMS). After treatment, the total TNSS in TJ group was significantly reduced compared with baseline, but showed no statistical meaning compared with placebo. Among the four domains of TNSS, the change of nasal obstruction exhibited statistical difference compared with placebo group. The total RQLQ score in TJ group was significantly reduced compared with both placebo and waitlist groups. The needs of rescue medications were no distinct difference between two groups. In summary, this study showed potential effectiveness of TJ therapy in improving nasal obstruction symptoms and QoL of AR patients.
Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of the Leaf Latex and TLC Isolates from Aloe megalacantha Baker in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice
Authors: Hintsa Gebretsadkan , Sibhat Gereziher Geremedhin , Karim Aman
Published: April 2019

Malaria is a devastating parasitic disease which caused around 216 million cases and 445,000 deaths worldwide in 2016. This might be attributed to a wide spread of drug resistant parasites. The plant Aloe megalacantha is indigenous to Ethiopia where the sap of the leaves is traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. This study was aimed at evaluating the antimalarial effect of leaf latex and isolates obtained from Aloe megalacantha against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain in Swiss albino mice. Peters’ 4-day suppressive test method was used to test the antimalarial activity of both leaves latex and isolates. Three isolates were obtained using thin layer chromatography and were coded as AM1, AM2, and AM3 in ascending order of their retention factor. After treatment of Plasmodium berghei infected mice with leaf latex of Aloe megalacantha for four days at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, it shows 30.3%, 43.4%, and 56.4% suppression of the parasite growth, respectively. 32.3%, 51.3%, and 67.4% chemosuppression after treatment with AM1, 39.8%, 50.6%, and 64.2% chemosuppression after treatment with AM2, and 52.6%, 69.4%, and 79.6% chemosuppression after treatment with AM3 were observed at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively. The observed parasite suppression of leaves latex and isolates was statistically significant (P<0.05) as compared to negative control. Moreover, both the leaves latex and isolates were also observed to prevent Plasmodium berghei induced body weight loss and hypothermia and increased the survival time of Plasmodium berghei infected mice as compared to the negative control. Hence, the present study supports the traditional claim of the plant for the treatment of malaria.
Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice through MAPK/ERK/JNK Pathway
Authors: Gao Wenyan , Wang Changhong , Yu Li , Sheng Tianjiao , Wu Zhuolin , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhang Dongqi , Lin Yifan , Gong Yang
Published: April 2019

Objective. Observe the protective effect of chlorogenic acid on dextran sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice and explore the regulation of MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway. Methods. Seventy C57BL/6 mice (half males and half females) were randomly divided into 7 groups, 10 in each group: control group (CON group), UC model group (UC group), and sulfasalazine-positive control group (SASP group), chlorogenic acid low dose group (CGA-L group), chlorogenic acid medium dose group (CGA-M group), chlorogenic acid high dose group (CGA-H group), and ERK inhibitor + chlorogenic acid group (E+CGA group). The effects of chlorogenic acid on UC were evaluated by colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), HE staining, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blot. The relationship between chlorogenic acid and MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway was explored by adding ERK inhibitor. Results. The UC models were established successfully by drinking DSS water. Chlorogenic acid reduces DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage, inhibits DSS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in colon, and reduces ERK1/2, p -ERK, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK protein expression. ERK inhibitor U0126 reversed the protective effect of chlorogenic acid on colon tissue. Conclusion. Chlorogenic acid can alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, which can significantly reduce tissue inflammation and apoptosis, and its mechanism is related to the MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway.
Rate Decline Behavior of Selectively Completed Horizontal Wells in Naturally Fractured Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Qi-guo , Xu You-jie , Li Long-xin , Ji An-zhao
Published: April 2019

Selectively completed horizontal wells (SCHWs) can significantly reduce cost of completing wells and delay water breakthrough and prevent wellbore collapse in weak formations. Thus, SCHWs have been widely used in petroleum development industry. SCHWs can shorten the effective length of horizontal wells and thus have a vital effect on production. It is significant for SCHWs to study their rate decline and flux distribution in naturally fractured reservoirs. In this paper, by employing motion equation, state equation, and mass conservation equation, three‐dimension seepage differential equation is established and corresponding analytical solution is obtained by Laplace transform and finite cosine Fourier transform. According to the relationship of constant production and wellbore pressure in Laplace domain, dimensionless rate solution is gotten under constant wellbore pressure in Laplace domain. Dimensionless pressure and pressure derivate curves and rate decline curves are drawn in log‐log plot and seven flow regimes are identified by Stehfest numerical inversion. We compared the simplified results of this paper with the results calculated by Saphir for horizontal wells in naturally fractured reservoirs. The results showed excellent agreement. Some parameters, such as outer boundary radius, storativity ratio, cross‐flow coefficient, number and length of open segments, can obviously affect the rate integral and rate integral derivative log‐log curves of the SCHWs. The proposed model in this paper can help better understand the flow regime characteristics of the SCHWs and provide more accurate rate decline analysis of the SCHWs data to evaluate formation.
Sequential Spiking Neural P Systems with Local Scheduled Synapses without Delay
Authors: Bibi Alia , Xu Fei , Adorna Henry N. , Cabarle Francis George C.
Published: April 2019

Spiking neural P systems with scheduled synapses are a class of distributed and parallel computational models motivated by the structural dynamism of biological synapses by incorporating ideas from nonstatic (i.e., dynamic) graphs and networks. In this work, we consider the family of spiking neural P systems with scheduled synapses working in the sequential mode: at each step the neuron(s) with the maximum/minimum number of spikes among the neurons that can spike will fire. The computational power of spiking neural P systems with scheduled synapses working in the sequential mode is investigated. Specifically, the universality (Turing equivalence) of such systems is obtained.
Immunity in the Cervix: Interphase between Immune and Cervical Epithelial Cells
Authors: De Tomasi Jorgelina Barrios , Opata Michael Makokha , Mowa Chishimba Nathan
Published: April 2019

The cervix is divided into two morphologically and immunologically distinct regions, namely, (1) the microbe-laden ectocervix, which is proximal to the vagina, and (2) the “sterile” endocervix, which is distal to the uterus. The two cervical regions are bordered by the cervical transformation zone (CTZ), an area of changing cells, and are predominantly composed of cervical epithelial cells. Epithelial cells are known to play a crucial role in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of innate and adaptive response in collaboration with immune cells in several tissue types, including the cervix, and their dysfunction can lead to a spectrum of clinical syndromes. For instance, epithelial cells block progression and neutralize or kill microorganisms through multiple ways. These (ways) include mounting physical (intercellular junctions, secretion of mucus) and immune barriers (pathogen-recognition receptor-mediated pathways), which collectively and ultimately lead to the release of specific chemokines and or cytokines. The cytokines subsequently recruit subsets of immune cells appropriate to a particular immune context and response, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells. The immune response, as most biological processes in the female reproductive tract (FRT), is mainly regulated by estrogen and progesterone and their (immune cells) responses vary during different physiological phases of reproduction, such as menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and post menopause. The purpose of the present review is to compare the immunological profile of the mucosae and immune cells in the ecto- and endocervix and their interphase during the different phases of female reproduction.
Estimation of Strong Wind Distribution on the Korean Peninsula for Various Recurrence Periods: Significance of Nontyphoon Conditions
Authors: Hahm Jae-Hee , Jeong Ha-Yoon , Kwak Kyung-Hwan
Published: April 2019

Long-term automated synoptic observing system (ASOS) data collected from 101 stations over a period of 50 years (1967–2016) were analyzed to investigate the distribution of strong winds on the Korean peninsula by utilizing a statistical method. The Gumbel distribution was used to estimate the wind speed for recurrence periods of 1, 10, 50, 75, and 100 years. For all recurrence periods, the coastal regions experienced higher wind speeds, which exceeded the strong wind advisory level, than the inland and metropolitan regions. The strong winds were predominantly induced by summertime typhoons, especially in the south and west coastal regions. In addition, nontyphoon factors, such as a topographical factor with atmospheric instability in a mountainous coastal region, can cause localized severe weather in the form of strong wind. By performing the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model simulation, an abrupt increase in wind speed up to 20 m·s−1 was reproduced under the condition of onshore prevailing winds heading toward a mountain ridge in a coastal region. Estimation of strong wind spatial distribution can help the region-to-region establishment of an action plan to prepare for damage caused by strong winds.
The Meeting of Acquaintances: A Cost-Efficient Authentication Scheme for Light-Weight Objects with Transient Trust Level and Plurality Approach
Authors: Dang Tran Khanh , Tran Khanh T. K.
Published: April 2019

Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of distributed sensor nodes so that potential risks are becoming more and more unpredictable. The new entrants pose the potential risks when they move into the secure zone. To build a door wall that provides safety and security for the system, many recent research works applied the initial authentication process. However, the majority of the previous articles only focused on the Central Authority (CA) since this leads to an increase in the computation cost and energy consumption for the specific cases on the Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, in this article, we will lessen the importance of these third parties through proposing an enhanced authentication mechanism that includes key management and evaluation based on the past interactions to assist the objects joining a secured area without any nearby CA. We refer to a mobility dataset from CRAWDAD collected at the University Politehnica of Bucharest and rebuilt into a new random dataset larger than the old one. The new one is an input for a simulated authenticating algorithm to observe the communication cost and resource usage of devices. Our proposal helps the authenticating to be flexible, being strict with unknown devices into the secured zone. The threshold of maximum friends can modify based on the optimization of the symmetric-key algorithm to diminish communication costs (our experimental results compared to previous schemes less than 2000 bits) and raise flexibility in resource-constrained environments.
The Effect of Exercise on the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Bone Angiogenesis
Authors: Tong Xiaoyang , Chen Xi , Zhang Shihua , Huang Mei , Shen Xiaoyan , Xu Jiake , Zou Jun
Published: April 2019

Physical activity or appropriate exercise prevents the development of osteoporosis. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear although it is well accepted that exercise or mechanical loading regulates the hormones, cytokines, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNAs in bone. Accumulating evidence has shown that bone is a highly vascularized tissue, and dysregulation of vasculature is associated with many bone diseases such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. In addition, exercise or mechanical loading regulates bone vascularization in bone microenvironment via the modulation of angiogenic mediators, which play a crucial role in maintaining skeletal health. This review discusses the effects of exercise and its underlying mechanisms for osteoporosis prevention, as well as an angiogenic and osteogenic coupling in response to exercise.
Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Chicken Splenic Lymphocytes
Authors: Bi Shicheng , Ma Xiaodan , Wang Yuemin , Chi Xiaoqing , Zhang Yong , Xu Wei , Hu Songhua
Published: April 2019

Previous investigation showed that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey has antioxidative effect on oxidative stress in chickens. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Rg1 on chicken lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and the potential mechanisms. Cell viability, apoptotic cells, malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial membrane potential, and [Ca2+]i concentration were measured, and transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the effect of Rg1 on gene expression of the cells. The results showed that treatment of lymphocytes with H2O2 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, pretreatment of the cells with Rg1 dramatically enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, and decreased oxidative stress induced by H2O2. In addition, Rg1 reduced these H2O2-dependent decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and reversed [Ca2+]i overload. Transcriptome analysis showed that 323 genes were downregulated and 105 genes were upregulated in Rg1-treated cells. The differentially expressed genes were involved in Toll-like receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The present study indicated that Rg1 may act as an antioxidative agent to protect cell damage caused by oxidative stress via regulating expression of genes such as RELT, EDA2R, and TLR4.
Short Stature on a Boy: Mosaicism with an Isodicentric Y Chromosome
Authors: Silvestre Catarina , Dupont Juliette , Silveira Santos Rosário , Robalo Brígida , Pereira Carla , Sampaio Maria Lurdes
Published: April 2019

Mosaicism brings great variability into the clinical expression of numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. The phenotypic variability of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism extends from Turner syndrome to apparently physically normal males. We present a case of a 14-year-old adolescent with short stature and delayed puberty, who was admitted in a Paediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic. After a careful investigation, he was found to have a 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)(p11.32) mosaicism. This case report emphasizes the wide range of etiologies that can be involved in short stature and that chromosomal study is an important tool when firstly approaching males with short stature, avoiding unnecessary tests. There is an important clinical need for gonadal follow-up in this situation and for support in the decision about sex of rearing and sex orientation, when justifiable.
Research Advances of Prevention and Control of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Mines
Authors: Deng Qigen , Yin Jingping , Wu Xifa , Zhang Tao , Wang Hao , Liu Mingju
Published: April 2019

Sudden emission and casualty accidents caused by abnormal enrichment of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in coal mines are becoming frequent increasingly, causing major casualties and environmental pollution. Scholars in various countries have developed various measuring devices for hydrogen sulfide content in coal and rock formations and their calculation methods. The existing prevention and control technologies of H2S in coal mines were summarized in various countries. According to the distribution characteristics, occurrence modes, and emission forms of H2S in coal mines, the prevention and control technologies of H2S in coal-bearing strata, airflow in tunnel, and underground water body are mainly introduced. Analyzed the effects of different ventilation systems on prevention and control of H2S, which include conventional ventilation system, partial homotropal ventilation system, and full homotropal ventilation system. The methods used mainly include neutralization by injecting alkalizer through drilling in coal seams with high pressure, spraying alkalizer in tunnel, attenuation by increasing wind amount, changing the ventilation method, pumping, dredging, and blocking the water that contains H2S as well as comprehensive prevention and control method. The basic agents adopted mainly include sodium carbonate (the mass percentage concentration is about 0.5% ~ 3.0%) and sodium bicarbonate solution, and some basic solution is added by an additive, such as surfactant, Fenton reagent, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hypochlorite, or chloramine-T. The treatment effect and the main problems of each prevention and control technology are analyzed, and a comprehensive method of prevention and control techniques of H2S in coal mines is proposed. According to current technological level as well as the cost, the effective prevention and control techniques of H2S should take the occurrence, distribution, and emission forms of H2S in coal mines as well as the content into consideration.
Low‐Frequency Performance Analysis of Semi‐Active Cab’s Hydraulic Mounts of an Off‐Road Vibratory Roller
Authors: Nguyen Vanliem , Zhang Jianrun , Yang Xiuzhi
Published: April 2019

To improve the ride comfort of the off‐road vibratory roller, the cab’s hydraulic mounts were analyzed to prevent vibration sources transmitting to the cab. However, the cab’s low‐frequency shaking in the vertical direction and the direction of forward motion is still great. This study proposes an optimal fuzzy‐PID control method for semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts based on an off‐road vehicle roller dynamic model to analyze the low‐frequency performance of semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts under the different operating conditions. In order to evaluate the ride comfort of the off‐road vibratory roller with semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts, the power spectral density (PSD) and the weighted root mean square (RMS) of acceleration responses of the vertical driver’s seat, cab’s pitch, and roll vibrations in the low‐frequency range are chosen as objective functions. Contrastive analysis of low‐frequency vibration characteristics of the off‐road vibratory roller with passive cab’s hydraulic mounts, semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts without optimization, and semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts with optimization is, respectively, carried out. The research results show that the semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts with optimization have an obvious effect on mitigating the cab shaking and improving the ride comfort in comparison with passive cab’s hydraulic mounts and semi‐active cab’s hydraulic mounts without optimization.
Scientific Validation of Ethnomedicinal Use ofIpomoea batatasL. Lam. as Aphrodisiac and Gonadoprotective Agent against Bisphenol A Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Majid Muhammad , Ijaz Fatima , Baig Muhammad Waleed , Nasir Bakht , Khan Muhammad Rashid , Haq Ihsan-ul
Published: April 2019

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatasL. Lam.), known as “Shakarqandi” in Pakistan, is an imperative root vegetable with large size, traditionally used as aphrodisiac, antiprostatic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiotonic, and anticancer agent. Present study was conducted to gauge aphrodisiac potential ofIpomoea batatasethyl acetate (IPT-EA, IPA-EA) and methanol (IPT-M, IPA-M) extracts from tuber and aerial part, respectively, via behavioral and biochemical tests and their possible protective role in BPA-induced gonadotoxicity at the dose 300 mg/kg in male Sprague Dawley rats. Phytochemical analysis was done qualitatively and quantitatively through total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC-DAD) fingerprinting while antioxidant profiling used multimodein vitroassays. To calculate sexual excitement mount latency, intromission latency, mount frequency, intromission frequency, ejaculatory latency, and postejaculatory interval were examined while for biochemical ratification semen characteristics, levels of testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol were measured. Gonadoprotective ability was assessed through comet assay and histomorphological examination of testes. Qualitative analysis ensured the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin, saponins, coumarins, terpenoids, and betacyanin. Quantitatively maximal TPC (304.32±7.20 μg GAE/mg dry extract) and TFC (214.77±4.09 μg QE/mg DE) were estimated in IPA-EA extract. IPT-EA yielded maximum rutin (7.3±0.12) and myricetin (2.7±0.14 μg/mg DE) while IPA-EA and IPA-M yielded maximum caffeic acid (4.05±0.22 and 1.92±0.17 μg/mg DE, respectively) in HPLC-DAD analysis. Extracts enhanced sexual excitement, improved semen quality, levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and estradiol, and successfully attenuated toxic effects of BPA. Levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, and GSH) were restored and NO abundance was minimized. Significant stimulation in sexual behavior, amelioration of toxicity symptoms, elevated spermatic production, raised viability, vitalized levels of gonadal hormones, maintained endogenous enzymes, genoprotection, and reformed testicular histology endorsedI. batatasas a better aphrodisiac alternative and gonadoprotective agent.
A Comprehensive Review Emphasizing Anatomy, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Male Urethral Stricture Disease
Authors: Verla Wesley , Oosterlinck Willem , Spinoit Anne-Françoise , Waterloos Marjan
Published: April 2019

To date, urethral stricture disease in men, though relatively common, represents an often poorly managed condition. Therefore, this article is dedicated to encompassing the currently existing data upon anatomy, etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, based on more than 40 years of experience at a tertiary referral center and a PubMed literature review enclosing publications until September 2018.
A Bioactive Cartilage Graft of IGF1-Transduced Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Embedded in an Alginate/Bovine Cartilage Matrix Tridimensional Scaffold
Authors: Moncada-Saucedo Nidia K. , Marino-Martínez Iván A. , Lara-Arias Jorge , Romero-Díaz Víktor J. , Camacho Alberto , Valdés-Franco J. A. , Pérez-Silos Vanessa , García-Ruiz Alejandro , Lin Hang , Tuan Rocky S. , Ramos-Payán Rosalío , Lara-Banda M. , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Fuentes-Mera Lizeth
Published: April 2019

Articular cartilage injuries remain as a therapeutic challenge due to the limited regeneration potential of this tissue. Cartilage engineering grafts combining chondrogenic cells, scaffold materials, and microenvironmental factors are emerging as promissory alternatives. The design of an adequate scaffold resembling the physicochemical features of natural cartilage and able to support chondrogenesis in the implants is a crucial topic to solve. This study reports the development of an implant constructed with IGF1-transduced adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (immunophenotypes: CD105+, CD90+, CD73+, CD14-, and CD34-) embedded in a scaffold composed of a mix of alginate/milled bovine decellularized knee material which was cultivated in vitro for 28 days (3CI). Histological analyses demonstrated the distribution into isogenous groups of chondrocytes surrounded by a de novo dense extracellular matrix with balanced proportions of collagens II and I and high amounts of sulfated proteoglycans which also evidenced adequate cell proliferation and differentiation. This graft also shoved mechanical properties resembling the natural knee cartilage. A modified Bern/O’Driscoll scale showed that the 3CI implants had a significantly higher score than the 2CI implants lacking cells transduced with IGF1 (16/18 vs. 14/18), representing high-quality engineering cartilage suitable for in vivo tests. This study suggests that this graft resembles several features of typical hyaline cartilage and will be promissory for preclinical studies for cartilage regeneration.
MDM4 Is Targeted by 1q Gain and Drives Disease in Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Hüllein Jennifer , Słabicki Mikołaj , Rosolowski Maciej , Jethwa Alexander , Habringer Stefan , Tomska Katarzyna , Kurilov Roma , Lu Junyan , Scheinost Sebastian , Wagener Rabea , Huang Zhiqin , Lukas Marina , Yavorska Olena , Helfrich Hanne , Scholtysik René , Bonneau Kyle , Tedesco Donato , Küppers Ralf , Klapper Wolfram , Pott Christiane , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Burkhardt Birgit , Löffler Markus , Trümper Lorenz H. , Hummel Michael , Brors Benedikt , Zapatka Marc , Siebert Reiner , Kreuz Markus , Keller Ulrich , Huber Wolfgang , Zenz Thorsten
Published: April 2019

Oncogenic MYC activation promotes proliferation in Burkitt lymphoma, but also induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by p53, a tumor suppressor that is mutated in 40% of Burkitt lymphoma cases. To identify molecular dependencies in Burkitt lymphoma, we performed RNAi-based, loss-of-function screening in eight Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and integrated non-Burkitt lymphoma RNAi screens and genetic data. We identified 76 genes essential to Burkitt lymphoma, including genes associated with hematopoietic cell differentiation (FLI1, BCL11A) or B-cell development and activation (PAX5, CDKN1B, JAK2, CARD11) and found a number of context-specific dependencies including oncogene addiction in cell lines with TCF3/ID3 or MYD88 mutation. The strongest genotype–phenotype association was seen for TP53. MDM4, a negative regulator of TP53, was essential in TP53 wild-type (TP53wt) Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. MDM4 knockdown activated p53, induced cell-cycle arrest, and decreased tumor growth in a xenograft model in a p53-dependent manner. Small molecule inhibition of the MDM4–p53 interaction was effective only in TP53wt Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. Moreover, primary TP53wt Burkitt lymphoma samples frequently acquired gains of chromosome 1q, which includes the MDM4 locus, and showed elevated MDM4 mRNA levels. 1q gain was associated with TP53wt across 789 cancer cell lines and MDM4 was essential in the TP53wt-context in 216 cell lines representing 19 cancer entities from the Achilles Project. Our findings highlight the critical role of p53 as a tumor suppressor in Burkitt lymphoma and identify MDM4 as a functional target of 1q gain in a wide range of cancers that is therapeutically targetable.

Significance:

Targeting MDM4 to alleviate degradation of p53 can be exploited therapeutically across Burkitt lymphoma and other cancers with wild-type p53 harboring 1q gain, the most frequent copy number alteration in cancer.
Extravasation of Microspheres in a Rat Model of Silent Brain Infarcts
Authors: van der Wijk Anne-Eva , Lachkar Nadia , de Vos Judith , Grootemaat Anita E. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Hordijk Peter L. , Bakker Erik N.T.P. , vanBavel Ed
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

We developed a rat model of silent brain infarcts based on microsphere infusion and investigated their impact on perfusion and tissue damage. Second, we studied the extent and mechanisms of perfusion recovery.

Methods—

At day 0, 15 µm fluorescent microspheres were injected into the right common carotid artery of F344 rats. At days 1, 7, or 28, the brain was removed, cut in 100-µm cryosections, and processed for immunofluorescent staining and analysis.

Results—

Injection of microspheres caused mild and transient damage to the treated hemisphere, with a decrease in perfused capillary volume at day 1, as compared with the untreated hemisphere. At day 1 but not at days 7 and 28, we observed IgG staining outside of the vessels, indicating vessel leakage. All microspheres were located inside the lumen of the vessels at day 1, whereas the vast majority (≈80%) of the microspheres were extravascular at day 7, and 100% at day 28. This was accompanied by restoration of perfused capillary volume.

Conclusions—

Microspheres cause mild and transient damage, and effective extravasation mechanisms exist in the brain to clear microsized emboli from the vessels.