bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An American hedge fund in Japan: Exploring the role of investor relations as a form of false signalling
Authors: Yorozu Chie
Published: February 2015

Focusing on the case of Shinsei Bank Limited, this article explores the role of Investor Relations (IR), which has become a major activity among large Japanese firms. This is an iconic case of the recent, controversial, intrusion of Shareholder Value Added (SVA) management into corporate Japan since the bank’s takeover by an American investment fund, Ripplewood Holdings LLC. Qualitative interview data with current and former employees of Shinsei demonstrate that drastic changes to corporate form and practice have occurred since the takeover. However, although Shinsei’s public claims were based around a move towards SVA management, the actual processes of the restructuring do not, in reality, seem to be genuinely associated with SVA. The bank’s IR act as a form of ‘false signalling’ intended to hide an undisclosed business model: effectively a form of ‘narrative management’ used to obscure their true style of restructuring. Interestingly, this smoke-screening did not work effectively, and criticism from employees and outsiders became severe.
Neurobehavioral Traits as Transdiagnostic Predictors of Clinical Problems
Authors: Nelson Lindsay D. , Strickland Casey , Krueger Robert F. , Arbisi Paul A. , Patrick Christopher J.
Published: February 2015

The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative (Insel et al., 2010) calls for a focus on biologically meaningful dimensional constructs in the study of clinical problems. Examples are needed of how Research Domain Criteria constructs can be linked to clinical problems. We examined how two such constructs, threat sensitivity (THT+) and weak inhibitory control (INH−), operationalized using scale measures of fear/fearlessness and inhibition/disinhibition dimensions from established structural models, predicted symptoms of multiple Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) clinical disorders in 471 community adults. Robust relationships with internalizing disorder symptoms were evident for both trait variables, with THT+ more predictive of fear disorder symptoms and INH− more predictive of distress disorder symptoms. For substance-related problems, prediction was evident only for INH−. Additionally, interactive effects of THT+ and INH− were found for distress disorders, and to a lesser extent, fear disorders. Given their well-established physiological correlates, these dispositional variables represent prime targets for combined psychometric–neurophysiological assessment of broad liabilities to multiple forms of psychopathology.
The Neuropsychology of Adolescent Sexual Offending
Authors: Morais Hugo B. , Joyal Christian C. , Alexander Apryl A. , Fix Rebecca L. , Burkhart Barry R.
Published: February 2015

Although executive dysfunctions are commonly hypothesized to contribute to sexual deviance or aggression, evidence of this relationship is scarce and its specificity is unproven, especially among adolescents. The objective of this study was to compare the executive functioning (EF) of adolescents with sexual offense convictions (ASOC) to that of non-sex-delinquents (NSD). A secondary goal was to assess the relationship among specific sexual offense characteristics (i.e., victim age), history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and EF. It was hypothesized that as a group, ASOC would present similar EF profiles as NSD. It was further hypothesized that ASOC with child victims would present significantly higher rates of CSA and more severe impairment of EF than ASOC with peer-aged or older victims and NSD. A total of 183 male adolescents (127 ASOC and 56 NSD) were interviewed to collect demographic information, sexual development history, history of CSA, an assessment of living conditions, and history of delinquency and sexual offending. Participants were administered the Delis–Kaplan Executive Functioning System and the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Youth Version. In accord with the first hypothesis, ASOC and NSD presented similar EF scores, well below normative values. Thus, EF deficits may not characterize the profiles of adolescents with sexual behavior problems. Contrarily to our second hypothesis, however, offending against children and or experiencing CSA were not associated with poorer EF performance. On the contrary, ASOC with child victims obtained significantly higher scores on measures of higher order EF than both ASOC with peer-aged or older victims and NSD. Implications of these results and future directions are discussed.
Social integration of Australian Muslims: A dramaturgical perspective
Authors: Sohrabi Hadi , Farquharson Karen
Published: February 2015

This article presents a dramaturgical view of the social integration of minorities. Based on 30 interviews with prominent Australian Muslim leaders, we argue that they explain and approach the problem of social integration largely in presentational terms. As a corollary, their chief collective and political strategy towards social integration is to put forward alternative discourses to counter the dominant anti-Islam discourses. We use Goffman’s (1959, 1963) dramaturgical model to analyse their strategies. In a striking difference from dominant narratives that situate Islamic values and western values as incompatible, the analysis we provide shows that Muslim leaders do not see Islamic teachings or texts as a problem for social integration; rather they view the problem as negative media representations and the solution as putting forward alternative images.
The ‘visibility’ of unpaid care in England
Authors: Pickard Linda , King Derek , Knapp Martin
Published: February 2015

Social work practice is increasingly concerned with support not just for service users but also for unpaid carers. A key aspect of practice is the assessment of carers’ needs. The Government has recently passed legislation that will widen eligibility for carers’ assessments and remove the requirement that carers must be providing a substantial amount of care on a regular basis. This article examines which carers are currently ‘visible’ or known to councils and which are not, and uses the results to examine the likely effects of the new legislation. In order to identify the characteristics of carers known to councils, the article uses large-scale surveys, comparing the 2009/10 Personal Social Services Survey of Adult Carers in England and the 2009/10 Survey of Carers in Households in England.

Findings

Carers who are known to councils provide extremely long hours of care. Among carers providing substantial care who are known to councils, the majority care for 100 or more hours a week. The focus of councils on carers providing long hours of care is associated with a number of other carer characteristics, such as poor health.

Applications

Councils' emphasis on the most intense carers is unlikely to be attributable solely to the current legislation. Therefore, dropping the substantial and regular clauses alone will not necessarily broaden access to carers' assessments and, in order to achieve this, considerable new resources may be needed. How far these resources are available will determine the extent to which practitioners can broaden access to carers' assessments.
Mindful M&M’s
Authors: Khaddouma Alexander , Gordon Kristina Coop , Bolden Jennifer
Published: February 2015

Disruptive behavior problems are the primary reason for referral of preschool-aged children to mental health care settings and significantly interfere with social and academic functioning. Furthermore, when left untreated, disruptive behavior disorder may persist and cause impairments in social, academic, and occupational functioning in later developmental stages. Parent-based training programs are effective in ameliorating many symptoms of disruptive behavior disorders, but often neglect other child factors associated with disruptive behavior, such as deficits in emotion regulation. Mindfulness training may be an effective method for addressing these individual-level contributing factors underlying the child’s disruptive behavior. At present, treatment outcome research on the efficacy of mindfulness training among preschool-aged children with disruptive behavior problems is highly limited. This case study examined the implementation of a two-part treatment consisting of a four-session parent-training program as well as four sessions of targeted mindfulness training for a preschool-aged child with disruptive behavior disorder. Treatment outcome data revealed significant gains, including improvements in emotion regulation and decreases in level of aggression, defiance, and sleep problems. Treatment gains were maintained at 6-month follow-up, along with further decreases in aggression, defiance, inattention, and hyperactivity, which resulted in no clinical-level symptoms at 6-months post-treatment. This case study demonstrates the potential efficacy of multi-strategy interventions for preschool-aged children with disruptive behavior problems and highlights mindfulness training as a promising adjunct to family-based interventions.
Deliberate Constructions of the Mind
Authors: Wells Matthew
Published: February 2015

When renowned game designer Will Wright designed and developed SimCity, the first “software toy” released by his company Maxis, he was strongly influenced by a 20-year-old text on urban planning written by Jay Forrester of MIT. I will argue in this article that we can only understand Wright’s actions if we think of the game model he developed as a fictional text. Yet Forrester’s work, which had been heavily criticized by urban planners, may also be considered as a work of fiction. I rely here on Gough’s theories concerning the utility of fiction in exploratory research as well as Smithers’ work on exploratory, freeform design work. Both of these models—Wright’s and Forrester’s—may be adapted, altered, or mined to create new fictional models. I will also cite Woolgar’s technology as-text paradigm to explain the ways in which these model texts differ.
Crime’s face: Imagining and representing kleptomania
Authors: de Haan Willem
Published: February 2015

Marlene Dumas is regarded as one of the most important international painters of this time. In this article, an analysis is made of what her painting The Kleptomaniac (2005) and, in particular, what its title represents. Drawing upon art history, I begin by looking at the original Portrait of a Kleptomaniac (ca. 1820) by Géricault of which Dumas has painted her own version. This will be followed by a discussion of the history of the concept of kleptomania in psychiatry and an analysis of how that concept is reproduced by Dumas’s painting. It will be argued that, by giving the portrait of a man the title of ‘kleptomaniac’ in 2005, Dumas represents a type of criminal in a way that neither does justice to the history of the concept of kleptomania, nor to the phenomenon itself. By mobilizing a contested and obsolete psychiatric concept as a title for a painting, the subject itself is mystified and the effect on the viewer of the painting is not only disorienting, but also ethically problematic.
Rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair: a survey of current UK practice
Authors: Littlewood Chris , Bateman Marcus
Published: February 2015

Background

Rotator cuff disorders, including rotator cuff tears, are common and can be treated conservatively or surgically. Data suggest that the incidence of surgery to repair the rotator cuff is rising. Despite this rise, the most effective approach to postoperative rehabilitation, a critical component of the recovery process, is not well developed. The present study aimed to describe current practice in the UK in relation to rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair.

Methods

An electronic survey was developed and disseminated to UK based physiotherapists and surgeons involved with rotator cuff repair.

Results

One hundred valid responses were received. Although there is a degree of variation, current practice for the majority of respondents consists of sling immobilization for 4 weeks to 6 weeks. During this time, passive movement would be commenced before active movement is introduced towards the end of this phase. Resisted exercise begins 7 weeks to 12 weeks postoperatively, alongside return to light work. A progressive resumption of function, including manual work and sport, is advised from approximately 13 weeks.

Conclusions

In the context of the current literature, it might be suggested that the current approach to rehabilitation following rotator cuff repair for the majority of respondents is somewhat cautious and has not progressed for over a decade.
Development and Feasibility of a Culturally Sensitive Cooking and Physical Activity Program Designed for Obese Hispanic Families
Authors: Li Rhea , Raber Margaret , Mejia Luz , Domenech Marite , Brewster Anna , Swartz Maria C. , Strong Larkin , Chandra Joya
Published: February 2015

Objective: To determine whether a 10-week cooking and physical activity pilot intervention could be delivered in a health care setting. Development and feasibility of the program with a small sample size are explored. Methods: The MUNDO (Moviéndonos hacia Una Nutrición Divertida y Óptima) program was delivered weekly at a local primary care clinic. The curriculum included culturally sensitive cooking demonstrations, tastings, and organized physical activity sessions for children and their parents. Questionnaires and measurements were completed at baseline and completion of the study. Outcomes were feasibility, anthropometrics, and behavior change. Results: Four families were recruited, and 3 families attended 74% of the sessions. No significant changes in outcomes were reported. Families provided positive feedback about most aspects of the program. Conclusions: Future research is needed to understand how delivery of MUNDO could be optimized, within and beyond a clinic setting. Low-cost meal planning and cultural sensitivity of this program are unique features of MUNDO, which suggest that a larger trial with a greater number of participants and more rigorous recruitment would be warranted.
Prevalence estimation of celiac disease in the general adult population of Latvia using serology and HLA genotyping
Authors: Leja Marcis , Shums Zakera , Nikitina-Zake Liene , Gavars Mikus , Kikuste Ilze , Milo Jay , Daugule Ilva , Pahomova Jelena , Pirags Valdis , Dzerve Vilnis , Klovins Janis , Erglis Andrejs , Norman Gary L
Published: February 2015

Background

Prevalence estimates for celiac disease (CD) depend on the method used. The role of deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) and genetic testing in epidemiological studies and diagnostic settings of celiac disease (CD) has still to be established.

Objectives

The objective of this article is to assess the prevalence of CD in Latvia by combining serological tests with DQ2.5/DQ8 testing.

Methods

A total of 1444 adults from a randomly selected cross‐sectional general population sample were tested by ELISA for tTG IgA, DGP IgA and IgG antibodies (QUANTA Lite®, Inova Diagnostics Inc). Samples with tTG IgA ≥20U were tested for EMA IgA by indirect immunofluorescence assay, and all specimens with tTG IgA ≥15U were tested by QUANTA‐Flash® chemiluminescent assays (CIA) (Inova Diagnostics Inc) for tTG IgA, DGP IgA and IgG. DQ2.5/8 was detected in individuals with any positive ELISA test and a subgroup of controls.

Results

Forty‐three individuals (2.98%; 95% CI: 2.10–3.86%) tested positive by at least one ELISA test; 41.86% of the serology‐positive individuals (any test above the cutoff) were DQ positive. Six individuals (0.42%; 95% CI: 0.09–0.75%) were triple ELISA positive, and DQ2.5 or DQ8 was positive in all; 0.35% (95% CI: 0.05–0.65%) were tTG IgA and EMA positive. Two tTG IgA‐negative cases were both DGP IgG and IgA positive, both being DQ positive; including them in the “serology‐positive” group would increase the prevalence to 0.49% (95% CI: 0.13–0.85%).

CIA tests revealed 2 tTG IgA‐positive and EMA‐negative cases with a positive genotype. DQ2.5 or DQ8 genotype was positive in 28.6% of the serology‐negative population.

Conclusions

Estimates of the prevalence of CD in Latvia based on the serogenetic testing approach range from 0.35% to 0.49% depending on the criteria used. There is a rationale for combining serological tests and DQ2.5/8 genotyping.
Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India
Authors: Kumar Nithin , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Thapar Rekha , Mithra Prasanna , Kulkarni Vaman , Holla Ramesh , Bhagawan Darshan , Kumar Avinash
Published: February 2015

Background:

The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals.

Methodology:

In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.
Hospitalizations in the United States among HIV-Infected Individuals in Short-Stay Hospitals, 1982 to 2010
Authors: Tai Miao , Liu Tao , Merchant Roland C.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

To estimate trends in hospitalizations and days of care of HIV-infected individuals in US hospitals from 1982 to 2010.

Methods:

Secondary data analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey.

Results:

Hospitalizations of HIV-infected individuals increased from 1982 to a peak of 216 086 by 1995, fell 36% by 1997, and then decreased to 118 236 by 2010. Days of care for HIV-uninfected individuals decreased 14.7% from 6.1 days in 1982 to 5.2 days in 2010 yet dropped 62.7% from 17.6 to 7.1 days for HIV-infected individuals. Hospitalized HIV-infected individuals were more likely than uninfected individuals to be male, black, 35 to 44 years old, Medicaid recipients, and be hospitalized in the northeast, in hospitals with more than 500 beds and in government-operated hospitals.

Conclusions:

Hospitalizations and days of care for HIV-infected individuals have decreased dramatically in recent years and at rates greater than for HIV-uninfected individuals yet involve some populations and affect certain hospitals disproportionately.
White Colorism
Authors: Hannon Lance
Published: February 2015

Perhaps reflecting a desire to emphasize the enduring power of rigidly constructed racial categories, sociology has tended to downplay the importance of within-category variation in skin tone. Similarly, in popular media, “colorism,” or discrimination based on skin lightness, is rarely mentioned. When colorism is discussed, it is almost exclusively framed in terms of intraracial “black-on-black” discrimination. In line with arguments highlighting the centrality of white racism, the present paper contends that it is important for researchers to give unique attention to white colorism. Using data from the 2012 American National Election Study, an example is presented on white interviewers’ perceptions of minority respondent skin tone and intelligence ( N = 223). Results from ordinal logistic regression analyses indicate that African American and Latino respondents with the lightest skin are several times more likely to be seen by whites as intelligent compared with those with the darkest skin. The article concludes that a full accounting of white hegemony requires an acknowledgment of both white racism and white colorism.
The histone demethylase Jarid1b is required for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in mice
Authors: Stewart Morag H. , Albert Mareike , Sroczynska Patrycja , Cruickshank V. Adam , Guo Yanping , Rossi Derrick J. , Helin Kristian , Enver Tariq
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Jarid1b is not required for steady-state hematopoiesis. Jarid1b is required for HSC self-renewal.
Genotype alone does not predict the clinical course ofSFTPCdeficiency in paediatric patients
Authors: Kröner Carolin , Reu Simone , Teusch Veronika , Schams Andrea , Grimmelt Ann-Christin , Barker Michael , Brand Joerg , Gappa Monika , Kitz Richard , Kramer Boris W. , Lange Lars , Lau Susanne , Pfannenstiel Claus , Proesmans Marijke , Seidenberg Jürgen , Sismanlar Tugba , Aslan Ayse Tana , Werner Claudius , Zielen Stefan , Zarbock Ralf , Brasch Frank , Lohse Peter , Griese Matthias
Published: February 2015

Patients with interstitial lung disease due to surfactant protein C (SFTPC) mutations are rare and not well characterised.

We report on all subjects collected over a 15-year period in the kids-lung register with interstitial lung disease and a provenSFTPCmutation. We analysed clinical courses, interventions and outcomes, as well as histopathological and radiological interrelations.

17 patients (seven male) were followed over a median of 3 years (range 0.3–19). All patients were heterozygous carriers of autosomal dominantSFTPCmutations. Three mutations (p.L101P, p.E191 K and p.E191*) have not been described before in the context of surfactant protein C deficiency. Patients with alterations in the BRICHOS domain of the protein (amino acids 94–197) presented earlier. At follow-up, one patient was healthy (2 years), six patients were “sick-better” (2.8 years, range 0.8–19), seven patients were “sick-same” (6.5 years, 1.3–15.8) and three patients were “sick-worse” (0.3 years, 0.3–16.9). Radiological findings changed from ground-glass to increasing signs of fibrosis and cyst formation with increasing age. Empiric treatments had variable effects, also in patients with the same genotype.

Prospective studies with randomised interventions are urgently needed and can best be performed in the framework of international registers.
Hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition are detectable in Crohn's disease associated intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Scharl Michael , Huber Nicole , Lang Silvia , Fürst Alois , Jehle Ekkehard , Rogler Gerhard
Published: February 2015

Background

Intestinal fibrosis and subsequent stricture formation represent frequent complications of Crohn's disease (CD). In many organs, fibrosis develops as a result of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent studies suggested that EMT could be involved in intestinal fibrosis as a result of chronic inflammation. Here, we investigated whether EMT might be involved in stricture formation in CD patients.

Methods

Human colonic tissue specimens from fibrotic areas of 18 CD and 10 non‐IBD control patients were studied. Immunohistochemical staining of CD68 (marker for monocytes/macrophages), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1), β‐catenin, SLUG, E‐.cadherin, α‐smooth muscle actin and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) were performed using standard techniques.

Results

In fibrotic areas in the intestine of CD patients, a large number of CD68‐positive mononuclear cells was detectable suggesting an inflammatory character of the fibrosis. We found stronger expression of TGFβ1, the most powerful driving force for EMT, in and around the fibrotic lesions of CD patients than in non‐IBD control patients. In CD patients membrane staining of β‐catenin was generally weaker than in control patients and more cells featured nuclear staining indicating transcriptionally active β‐catenin, in fibrotic areas. In these regions we also detected nuclear localisation of the transcription factor, SLUG, which has also been implicated in EMT pathogenesis. Adjacent to the fibrotic tissue regions, we observed high levels of FAP, a marker of reactive fibroblasts.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the presence of EMT‐associated molecules in fibrotic lesions of CD patients. These findings support the hypothesis that EMT might play a role for the development of CD‐associated intestinal fibrosis.
Prefrontal glucose metabolism in medication-resistant major
depression
Authors: Li Cheng-Ta , Su Tung-Ping , Wang Shyh-Jen , Tu Pei-Chi , Hsieh Jen-Chuen
Published: February 2015

Background

Medication-resistant depression (MRD) is associated with poorer
attentional performance and immense socioeconomic costs.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the central pathophysiology of MRD, previously
linked to impaired prefrontal cortex function.

Method

A total of 54 participants (22 with MRD, 16 with non-resistant
depression, 16 healthy controls) were recruited. Non-MRD status was
confirmed by a prospective 6-week antidepressant trial. All
medication-free participants underwent a go/no-go task to study
prefrontal cortical function (attention) and positron emission tomography
scans to study regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMglu) at rest.

Results

The MRD group had worse attentional ratings and decreased rCMglu compared
with the non-MRD and control groups. Attentional performance was
positively associated with prefrontal cortex rCMglu. The prefrontal
cortex differences between MRD and non-MRD groups remained after
adjusting for past depressive episodes (F(1,35) = 4.154, P = 0.043).

Conclusions

Pronounced hypofrontality, with the associated attentional deficits, has
a key role in the neuropathology of medication-resistant depression.
Trajectory of post-traumatic stress following traumatic injury: 6-year follow-up
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Nickerson Angela , Creamer Mark , O'Donnell Meaghan , Forbes David , Galatzer-Levy Isaac , McFarlane Alexander C. , Silove Derrick
Published: February 2015

Background

Traumatic injuries affect millions of patients each year, and resulting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly contributes to subsequent impairment.

Aims

To map the distinctive long-term trajectories of PTSD responses over 6 years by using latent growth mixture modelling.

Method

Randomly selected injury patients (n = 1084) admitted to four hospitals around Australia were assessed in hospital, and at 3, 12, 24 and 72 months. Lifetime psychiatric history and current PTSD severity and functioning were assessed.

Results

Five trajectories of PTSD response were noted across the 6 years: (a) chronic (4%), (b) recovery (6%), (c) worsening/recovery (8%), (d) worsening (10%) and (e) resilient (73%). A poorer trajectory was predicted by female gender, recent life stressors, presence of mild traumatic brain injury and admission to intensive care unit.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the long-term PTSD effects that can occur following traumatic injury. The different trajectories highlight that monitoring a subset of patients over time is probably a more accurate means of identifying PTSD rather than relying on factors that can be assessed during hospital admission.
Patterns of cortical thinning in different subgroups of
schizophrenia
Authors: Nenadic Igor , Yotter Rachel A. , Sauer Heinrich , Gaser Christian
Published: February 2015

Background

Alterations of cortical thickness have been shown in imaging studies of
schizophrenia but it is unclear to what extent they are related to
disease phenotype (including symptom profile) or other aspects such as
genetic liability, disease onset and disease progression.

Aims

To test the hypothesis that cortical thinning would vary across different
subgroups of patients with chronic schizophrenia, delineated according to
their symptom profiles.

Method

We compared high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data of 87
patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia with 108 controls to detect changes in
cortical thickness across the entire brain (P<0.05,
false discovery rate-adjusted). The patient group was divided into three
subgroups, consisting of patients with predominantly negative,
disorganised or paranoid symptoms.

Results

The negative symptoms subgroup showed the most extensive cortical
thinning, whereas thinning in the other subgroups was focused in
prefrontal and temporal cortical subregions.

Conclusions

Our findings support growing evidence of potential subtypes of
schizophrenia that have different brain structural deficit profiles.
Adherence to antidepressant therapy and mortality rates in
ischaemic heart disease: cohort study
Authors: Krivoy Amir , Balicer Ran D. , Feldman Becca , Hoshen Moshe , Zalsman Gil , Weizman Abraham , Shoval Gal
Published: February 2015

Background

The use of antidepressant drugs in patients with ischaemic heart disease
(IHD) has been debated owing to scarcity of data and conflicting results
regarding the effect of these drugs on mortality.

Aims

To evaluate the association between adherence to antidepressant therapy
and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with
IHD.

Method

A total of 63 437 patients with IHD who purchased antidepressants at
least once during the years 2008–2011 were retrospectively followed for
all-cause mortality over 4 years. Adherence was measured as a ratio
between claimed and prescribed durations of medication and modelled as
non-adherence (<20%), poor (20–50%), moderate (50–80%) and good
(>80%). We used multivariable survival analyses adjusted for
demographic and clinical variables that may affect mortality.

Results

The moderate and good adherence groups had significantly reduced adjusted
mortality hazard ratios of 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.88) and 0.86 (95% CI
0.82–0.90) respectively, compared with the non-adherence group.

Conclusions

Adherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy is associated with reduced
all-cause mortality in a population-based large sample cohort of patients
with IHD. Physicians and health policy decision-makers should step up
their efforts to sustain and enhance these patients' adherence to their
antidepressant regimen.
Asymmetric inheritance of the apical domain and self-renewal of retinal ganglion cell progenitors depend on Anillin function
Authors: Paolini Alessio , Duchemin Anne-Laure , Albadri Shahad , Patzel Eva , Bornhorst Dorothee , González Avalos Paula , Lemke Steffen , Machate Anja , Brand Michael , Sel Saadettin , Di Donato Vincenzo , Del Bene Filippo , Zolessi Flavio R. , Ramialison Mirana , Poggi Lucia
Published: February 2015

Divisions that generate one neuronal lineage-committed and one self-renewing cell maintain the balance of proliferation and differentiation for the generation of neuronal diversity. The asymmetric inheritance of apical domains and components of the cell division machinery has been implicated in this process, and might involve interactions with cell fate determinants in regulatory feedback loops of an as yet unknown nature. Here, we report the dynamics of Anillin – an essential F-actin regulator and furrow component – and its contribution to progenitor cell divisions in the developing zebrafish retina. We find that asymmetrically dividing retinal ganglion cell progenitors position the Anillin-rich midbody at the apical domain of the differentiating daughter. anillin hypomorphic conditions disrupt asymmetric apical domain inheritance and affect daughter cell fate. Consequently, the retinal cell type composition is profoundly affected, such that the ganglion cell layer is dramatically expanded. This study provides the first in vivo evidence for the requirement of Anillin during asymmetric neurogenic divisions. It also provides insights into a reciprocal regulation between Anillin and the ganglion cell fate determinant Ath5, suggesting a mechanism whereby the balance of proliferation and differentiation is accomplished during progenitor cell divisions in vivo.
Divergent physiological responses in laboratory rats and mice raised at high altitude
Authors: Jochmans-Lemoine Alexandra , Villalpando Gabriella , Gonzales Marcelino , Valverde Ibana , Soria Rudy , Joseph Vincent
Published: February 2015

Ecological studies show that mice can be found at high altitude (HA – up to 4000 m) while rats are absent at these altitudes, and there are no data to explain this discrepancy. We used adult laboratory rats and mice that have been raised for more than 30 generations in La Paz, Bolivia (3600 m), and compared their hematocrit levels, right ventricular hypertrophy (index of pulmonary hypertension) and alveolar surface area in the lungs. We also used whole-body plethysmography, indirect calorimetry and pulse oxymetry to measure ventilation, metabolic rate (O2 consumption and CO2 production), heart rate and pulse oxymetry oxygen saturation (pO2,sat) under ambient conditions, and in response to exposure to sea level PO2 (32% O2=160 mmHg for 10 min) and hypoxia (18% and 15% O2=90 and 75 mmHg for 10 min each). The variables used for comparisons between species were corrected for body mass using standard allometric equations, and are termed mass-corrected variables. Under baseline, compared with rats, adult mice had similar levels of pO2,sat, but lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, reduced right ventricular hypertrophy and higher mass-corrected alveolar surface area, tidal volume and metabolic rate. In response to sea level PO2 and hypoxia, mice and rats had similar changes of ventilation, but metabolic rate decreased much more in hypoxia in mice, while pO2,sat remained higher in mice. We conclude that laboratory mice and rats that have been raised at HA for >30 generations have different physiological responses to altitude. These differences might explain the different altitude distribution observed in wild rats and mice.
Analysis of muscle fibre input dynamics using amyog: GFP transgenic trout model
Authors: Rescan Pierre-Yves , Ralliere Cecile , Lebret Veronique , Fretaud Maxence
Published: February 2015

The dramatic increase in myotomal muscle mass in teleosts appears to be related to their sustained ability to produce new fibres in the growing myotomal muscle. To describe muscle fibre input dynamics in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we generated a stable transgenic line carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA driven by the myogenin promoter. In this myog:GFP transgenic line, muscle cell recruitment is revealed by the appearance of fluorescent, small, nascent muscle fibres. The myog:GFP transgenic line displayed fibre formation patterns in the developing trout and showed that the production of new fluorescent myofibres (muscle hyperplasia) is prevalent in the juvenile stage but progressively decreases to eventually cease at approximately 18 months post-fertilisation. However, fluorescent, nascent myofibres were formed de novo in injured muscle of aged trout, indicating that the inhibition of myofibre formation associated with trout ageing cannot be attributed to the lack of recruitable myogenic cells but rather to changes in the myogenic cell microenvironment. Additionally, the myog:GFP transgenic line demonstrated that myofibre production continues to persist during starvation.
Conditioned frequency-dependent hearing sensitivity reduction in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Nachtigall Paul E. , Supin Alexander Ya
Published: February 2015

The frequency specificity of conditioned dampening of hearing, when a loud sound is preceded by a warning sound, was investigated in a bottlenose dolphin. The loud sounds were 5 s tones of 16, 22.5 or 32 kHz, sound pressure level of 165 dB root mean square (RMS) re. 1 µPa. Hearing sensitivity was tested at the same three frequencies. Hearing sensitivity was measured using pip-train test stimuli and auditory evoked potential recording. The test sound stimuli served also as warning sounds. The durations of the warning sounds were varied randomly to avoid locking a conditioning effect to the timing immediately before the loud sound. Hearing thresholds before the loud sound increased, relative to the baseline, at test frequencies equal to or higher than the loud sound frequency. The highest threshold increase appeared at test frequencies of 0.5 octaves above the loud sound frequencies.
Highly Porous Fe2O3/KIT-6 with Mg Substitution for Heterogeneous Fenton Oxidation of Imidacloprid with Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Zheng Chunming , Cheng Xiangzhi , Chen Peipei , Yang Chuanwu , Bao Shoumin , Xia Jun , Guo Minglin , Sun Xiaohong
Published: February 2015

A highly porous Fe2O3/KIT-6 with Mg substitution (MgO@Fe2O3/KIT-6) has been synthesized through a coincipient wetness impregnation of Fe and Mg into ordered mesoporous KIT-6 silica. The postreaction catalyst showed higher degradation efficiency than as-prepared catalyst for imidacloprid (IMI). Higher BET surface area, broader pore size distribution of postreaction catalyst and Mg leaching during the reaction processes might be responsible for the enhanced catalytic activities of MgO@Fe2O3/KIT-6 for the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of IMI.
Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Two Different Thermoresponsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-Poly(ethylene oxide) Copolymers
Authors: Gao Jiangang , Shi Wenhua , Ding Yujie , Zhang Yujuan , Zheng Benpei , Zhou Wenjuan , Chen Hongwei
Published: February 2015

With a similar composition but different monomer sequence distributions in the copolymer backbones, two poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PNIPAM-g-PEO) copolymers were synthesized at different temperatures of 29 and 45 °C, in the presence of which Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by in situ reduction at 25 and 41 °C, respectively. The experimental results show that both the copolymers can effectively stabilize Ag NPs, and the copolymer PNIPAM-g-PEO/45 has a better stabilizing and dispersing effect when the preparation temperature of Ag NPs is 25 °C.
Comparison of classifications of vascular plants of China
Authors: Zhang Li-Bing , Gilbert Michael G.
Published: February 2015

China has 31,362 species of vascular plants, more than any country on the planet except Brazil and Colombia, and this number represents 8%–12% of the world diversity of vascular plants. With the two largest completed floristic projects in the world, a full documentation of the vascular plants of China has been published twice over the past 54 years: the Chinese‐language Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS), 1959–2004, and the English‐language Flora of China (FOC), 1994–2013. With the advent of molecular phylogenetics the past half century has witnessed dramatical changes of classifications of vascular plants. In this paper, we compare the circumscriptions of all families of vascular plants occurring within China in FRPS, FOC, and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) III system when applicable, and summarize familial assignments of all controversial genera in the different classifications. Such comparison to some extent reflects the history of classification of vascular plants and differences between classical morphology‐based classifications and modern DNA (mainly chloroplast) sequence data‐based classifications of vascular plants.
Neotypification of Paecilomyces hepiali (Hypocreales)
Authors: Wang Wen-Jing , Li Yi , Wang Xiao-Liang , Kirk Paul M. , Yao Yi-Jian
Published: February 2015

Paecilomyces hepiali is an important fungus for medicinal and healthcare products generating an economic value of one billion CNY annually. It has been the subject of much research attention, especially due to its isolation from field collections of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (the caterpillar fungus or Dōng chóng xià căo) prized for its reputed medicinal properties. However, research on this important fungus is currently hampered by the fact that the holotype and ex‐type strain are unavailable for study on loan and in person due to institutional policies of confidentiality. Thus the holotype is effectively “lost” for the purposes of the Code. To facilitate further research and to enable the unambiguous application of the name, a neotype is designated for P. hepiali, based on a recent collection from the type locality.
La ‘dimension du visuel’ chez Tacite: réflexion sur la ‘thématisation du regard’ dans la textualité des Annales
Authors: Mambwini-Kivuial-Kiaku José
Published: February 2015

E . Dans les écrits historiques de Tacite, il se dégage une notion importante que la critique a peu exploitée, à savoir la « thématisation du regard ». Il est clairement établi que, dans sa textualité, Tacite a souvent recours à des images à facture realiste pour obliger ses lecteurs à prendre conscience non seulement des préoccupations quotidiennes du peuple romain, mais aussi et surtout de tous les méfaits commis dans l’espace politique romain sous l’Empire. Pour y parvenir, l’historien insiste sur la technique du portrait, de la description physique ou psychologique, sur le panoramique. Loin de lui accorder l’attribut de cinéaste, il paraît évident que, si l’on relit les Histoires et les Annales avec un regard d’un lecteur du XXIe siècle, on y découvrirait des traces d’une écriture dite « cinématographique », laquelle a permis l’inscription des regards, des gestes, des paroles et surtout leur mise en filière dans les récits sans pour autant négliger le faisceau des relations qui définissent leur esthétique. En tout cas, l’univers littéraire et historique de Tacite se voulant en prise direct avec le vécu quotidien des romains se donne non seulement à voir mais aussi à entendre. Le recours à des procédés de polyfocalisation et à des techniques venant de plus champs artistiques (dont certaines ressemblent étonnement à celles exploitées dans le cinema d’aujourd’hui) sollicite les lecteurs tacitéens à participer activement à la production de sens de ses récits. Le présent article doit être considéré comme une introduction à une étude beaucoup plus approfondie du regard dans l’œuvre de Tacite.
Patèr kaì poietés : numenio y la interpretación de Timeo 28 c 3
Authors: Müeller Gabriela F.
Published: February 2015

En el célebre pasaje Timeo 28 c 3-5 leemos: “Descubrir al hacedor y padre de este universo es difícil, pero, una vez descubierto, comunicárselo a todos es imposible.” En el presente trabajo me propongo indagar la peculiar interpretación que realiza Numenio de estas líneas y el papel que dicha exégesis cumple en la conformación de su sistema metafísico. En este sentido, intentaré establecer los motivos que llevan a Numenio a invertir los términos del Timeo y a distinguir un primer dios (patér) de un segundo dios (poietés), identificando a este último con el demiurgo. Para esto analizaré algunos fragmentos conservados de su obra Perì tagathoû en los que caracteriza al primer y al segundo dios, procurando poner de manifiesto en qué otros textos platónicos podría basarse esta doctrina y en qué medida ella representa una innovación en la historia de la interpretación de la filosofía de Platón realizada por los platónicos.
Perene caducidade: ensaio sobre a eterna transitoriedade da vida humana
Authors: Pereira Reina Marisol Troca
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo apresenta-se como um exercício de análise sobre os conceitos de “vida” e “morte”, nos planos divino e humano. Para o efeito, desconstroem-se certas afirmações generalistas e promove-se a instauração da dúvida construtiva. Tomando por base excertos de autores da Antiguidade, colocam-se em causa binómios, como imortalidade divina versus mortalidade humana, vida/bem limitado versus morte/fim/mal. Nessa sequência, questiona-se a concepção da superioridade divina, porque teo ricamente imortal, face à raça humana.
Die pädagogische Konstruktion von Elternautorität
Authors: König Diemut
Published: February 2015

Wie erlangen Eltern ihre Erziehungsfähigkeit (wieder)? Diemut König präsentiert ethnographische Beobachtungen zur pädagogischen Ordnung in der Familienhilfe. Die Analyse professioneller Herstellungsweisen zur Erlangung einer »angemessenen« Elternautorität zieht die Kapitalientheorie Pierre Bourdieus heran und untersucht die Strategien der Kapitalienakkumulation der begleiteten Familien. Die ethnographische Studie verdeutlicht den Rahmen professioneller Handlungsstrategien einer Habitustransformation und leistet damit einen Beitrag zur Erforschung pädagogischer Interaktionsformen und deren Übertragbarkeit in andere (pädagogische) Handlungsfelder.
El Sentido de lo Común como Experiencia de Construcción Democrática: Estudio de Casos en Escuelas en Contextos de Pobreza en Chile
Authors: Redon Pantoja Silvia , Angulo Rasco José Félix , Vallejos Natalia I.
Published: February 2015

El trabajo de investigación que se presenta, expone los resultados con relación al sentido de lo común como experiencia democrática en jóvenes de sectores de extrema pobreza en Chile. Las unidades del estudio correspondieron a seis escuelas chilenas, bajo el diseño de Estudios de Caso colectivos e instrumentales. Producto del análisis de los datos (discurso, registros de observación, entrevistas, grupos focales y documentos), emergen líneas discursivas que se aglutinan en torno a cinco categorías matrices. En este artículo, sólo desarrollamos la categoría de pobreza, por ser la más densa y extensa. En ella hemos encontrado que el sentido de lo común se desvanece como experiencia democrática en escuelas que reproducen la profunda segmentación social que presenta Chile en su tejido social. Segmentación que se traduce en percepciones de dos mundos: “los de arriba” y “los de abajo”. En esta lógica tanto la escuela púbica, como el espacio de salud, la vivienda, el barrio, la protección civil y los transportes son servicios de mala calidad para un sector de la población que no puede comprar servicios de mejor calidad. En su escuela, su barrio y en su experiencia de lo social dichos jóvenes transitan por una vida amenazada, rodeada por vertederos, y por la ausencia de derechos a tener derechos. La pérdida de esperanza en la meritocracia (i.e. igualdad de oportunidades) se evidencia en sus relatos, que reflejan las distancias en sus posiciones sociales, lo que les indica que no pueden competir con el capital cultural y social que da la cuna de origen y que la escuela en el contexto chileno de políticas públicas reproduce, impidiendo e imposibilitando el surgimiento de un espacio político y ciudadano de lo común.
Certain identities, connection and explicit formulas for the Bernoulli and Euler numbers and the Riemann zeta-values
Authors: Yakubovich Semyon
Published: February 2015

Various new identities, recurrence relations, integral representations, connection and explicit formulas
are established for the Bernoulli and Euler numbers and the values of
Riemann's zeta function ζ(s). To do this, we explore
properties of some Sheffer's sequences of polynomials related to
the Kontorovich–Lebedev transform.
From regular periodic micro-lens arrays to randomized continuous phase profiles
Authors: Cumme Matthias , Deparnay Arnaud
Published: February 2015

Illumination systems for various industrial applications, e.g., in semiconductor industries and medical treatment techniques, require a specific and well-adapted intensity distribution with maximum efficiency, best achievable accuracy, and highest flexibility in the selection of the target light field. Additionally, for particular applications, all these aspects have to be fulfilled simultaneously for different wavelengths. In most of these situations, the challenging optical specifications are accompanied by the requirement of a cost-efficient fabrication technique, suitable at least for batch or small series production. In the present contribution, we first retrace the development steps and performance progress of micro-optical-based beam shaping setups. Secondly, we discuss the possibilities resulting from a combination of both refractive and diffractive optical characteristics. Especially, we show that a well-adapted combination of refractive and diffractive properties in a single element allows us to create achromatic diffusers with exceptional flexibility and high conversion efficiency.