bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Criminology and identity: A theoretical review
Authors: Melis-Rivera Carlos , Piñones-Rivera Carlos
Published: January 2024

This article is a literature review describing and analysing the main theoretical and empirical developments that have addressed the concept of identity and its role in crime based on criminology and other disciplines. The literature review was based on a search both in Spanish and English in the Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Scielo databases. The exposition of theoretical proposals follows a chronological and disciplinary field order, including identity perspective, the sociology of deviance, developmental criminology, and several of the leading contemporary approaches. It highlights the dissemination and importance of identity perspective between the 1950s and 1970s and the subsequent criticism that it was reductionist, lacking theoretical support, and not in dialogue with other criminological proposals. Thereupon, emphasis is placed on the subsequent contributions and proposals, which demonstrate the consistency of the concept, as well as its versatility and articulation with different disciplinary approaches to the understanding of the criminal phenomenon. The conclusion highlights the richness of the concept, its projections, and the importance of its revitalisation.
Factores sociodemográficos en la dinámica del comportamiento delictivo: análisis descriptivo de criminalidad en Colombia, año 2022
Authors: Núñez Rivera Laura Cristina , Tolentino Pulido Ferney , Rodríguez Barrios Henry
Published: January 2024

El presente estudio de carácter descriptivo y analítico tiene como objetivo principal presentar el comportamiento criminal en Colombia para el 2022, desde un enfoque cuantitativo empleado para la extracción, análisis e interpretación de los registros administrativos del Sistema de Información Estadístico, Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo (SIEDCO), constituyénd se como un insumo para aquellos interesados en el estudio de la dinámica criminal, así como para quienes se encargan de diseñar estrategias para la contención del delito y la generación de política pública en materia de seguridad. En este sentido y en el marco de las dinámicas sociodemográficas, en una primera parte se aborda de manera general el proceso de homogenización de los registros administrativos llevado a cabo por la Policía Nacional y la Fiscalía General de la Nación. Y en una segunda parte, con especial énfasis en el homicidio intencional, se presenta el análisis de la información que permitió identificar las principales variables que influyen en la comisión del delito, de acuerdo con las cifras contenidas en el SIEDCO, en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2022, comparado con la misma temporalidad del 2021, en el que se detallan los delitos que afectan la integridad personal y el patrimonio económico de quienes habitan el territorio colombiano; se hallaron incrementos considerables en estos y se resaltan los factores de oportunidad para su comisión, situación contraria a la que se evidenció sobre las afectaciones a la vida y la integridad, conjunto de conductas que, según lo registrado, decrecieron en el periodo analizado. Finalmente, se ofrece un aporte a la contención desde la actividad de policía y una serie de conclusiones que permitan ampliar la visión sobre los diversos fenómenos y enriquecer la generación de conocimiento en el campo de la criminología.
Influence Of Administrator Of Institutions On Students’ Academic Achievement In General Mathematics Between Mission – Government Partnered And Sole Government Administered Secondary Schools: Nigeria Perspective
Authors: Nwokwu Tochukwu Christian
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to ascertain the mean achievement score of the students in mathematics who wrote Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) in mission – government partnered and sole government administered secondary schools; to determine the influence of administrator of institution. The population of the study is 2,982, which are the total students who wrote Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) mathematics for the period between 2018 and 2020 for both mission – government partnered and sole government administered secondary schools in the study area. The sample size is 298. Three (3) research questions were prepared. Null and alternate hypothesis were developed. The data collected was obtained by the researcher from the exam body - The Post Primary Schools Management Board (PPSMB) Enugu, as well as, the different senior secondary schools involved in this research that are located in Enugu South Local Government Area of Enugu State, Agbani Zone. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, for research questions) and T-test for the hypothesis. For Distinction and Credit HA is accepted and for Pass HA is rejected. In conclusion, in order to function in a mathematically literate way in the future, students must have a strong foundation in mathematics in their elementary school years. It is highly recommended that Mathematics should be taught by teachers who have a strong knowledge of mathematical content and pedagogy.
Soundness of Female Teacher’s Dress Code Policy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake Prabodha , Jayasinghe Chamarie
Published: January 2024

Clothing plays a crucial role in any society as an indicator to reflects the personality, culture, subcultures, religions, occupations, and moral values of individuals. The debate between formal and informal dress code in labor market is being a serious deliberation to many scholars. Especially, teachers are subjected to such discussions, because a teacher is considered to be a role model to students. In addition, the dress of teachers may have different implications than other professions. Since, the dress code replicates the set of principles in an organization comprising with the professionalism, such policies should be more important and proactive. Recently, different parties in Sri Lanka confronted with controversial ideas regarding female teacher’s dress code. However, the existing policies were not reformed and not considerably measured the relationship between job performance and employee attire by relevant authorities in Sri Lanka. Thus, to examine the soundness of prevailing dress code policy, the study is surveyed the positive and negative impacts of job performance that female teachers encounter due to dress code policy in Sri Lanka. Further, the study identified certain best practices that could imply to modernize the existing traditional dress code policies. The study was carried out as a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with individuals and group discussions. Fifteen participants were selected as the sample based on judgmental sampling method while thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data. Based on the results of interviews, three themes were discussed as the outcomes of the study including effect of attire on professionalism, school culture and professional attire, and the challenges of wearing professional attire. The study emphasized the importance of adjusting existing dress code policy for female teachers in Sri Lanka by adhering the challenges on job performance by the attire.
Enhancing N-List Structure and Performance for Efficient Large Dataset Analysis
Authors: Ghaib Arkan A. , Nahi Abdullah A.
Published: January 2024

One of the main challenges in data-intensive sectors like scientific research, data mining, and machine learning is efficiently analyzing enormous datasets. A popular data structure in similarity search algorithms to speed up the retrieval of closest neighbors is the N-List. In this paper, a high-performance method for mining frequent item sets called EN-list is presented. It represents item sets using an N-list and finds frequently recurring item sets directly using an aset-enumeration search tree. Specifically, it drastically reduces the search field by applying the powerful pruning approach known as Children-Parent Equivalency pruning. We conducted extensive experiments to compare En-list against three state-of-the-art algorithms: Fin, PrePost, and DiffNodesets on four distinct real datasets. The experimental results show that EN-list is always the fastest approach across all datasets. Furthermore, EN-list shows good memory consumption performance, requiring less memory than DiffNodesets and PrePost methods and just slightly more than the Fin approach.
Calidad de servicio y seguridad hídrica de los consumidores de Lima Metropolitana – Perú
Authors: Herrera Cometivos Jhamely
Published: January 2024

La situación hídrica, para las familias de Lima metropolitana es crítica. A consecuencia del calentamiento global, la pérdida de agua es acelerada y no cuentan con fuentes propias para brindar a los usuarios, este vital líquido elemento a través de la Entidad Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento (EPS) y son indiferentes a esta realidad, lo que refleja exclusión social y que pone en riesgo la salud pública. Por lo que resulta importante promover una cultura del cuidado del agua y generar conciencia social. El objetivo central del estudio fue analizar investigaciones previas sobre las variables; calidad de servicio y seguridad hídrica. La Metodología de la investigación fue descriptiva porque se describen e interpretan las características de las variables de estudio. De acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica, se concluye que existe inseguridad hídrica y una baja calidad del servicio brindado, reduciendo la brecha de acceso al agua potable particularmente de la población más vulnerable. Las autoridades deben centrar esfuerzos en acciones que contribuyan al aseguramiento y desarrollo de la población.
Variations of the Femoral Artery Position in Relation to Femoral Vein and Mid-inguinal Point: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Mat Taib Che Norma , Mohamad Nasir Aina Amira , Ahmad Nurul Arina , Mohd Moklas Mohamad Aris
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Femoral artery is one of the major arteries in human body. It is more preference for catheterization in some medical procedures. This study was designed to identify anatomical variations of the femoral artery position, in relation to femoral vein and mid-inguinal point of human cadavers. Methods: Dissection was performed on 22 cadavers. The associations were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact test and correlation test. Results: There was superolateral positioning detected. Distal traversing was only observed on the left thigh. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant association of distance from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to femoral artery between the right and left thigh. However, there was no significant association of distance from mid-inguinal point (MIP) to femoral artery between the right and left thigh, position of femoral artery to MIP between the right and left thigh and distance of traversing point between the right and left thigh. Conclusion: This study showed that distance from ASIS to mid-point of femoral artery was significantly associated with the left-right sided of cadavers, while distance from MIP to femoral artery, position of femoral artery to MIP and distance of traversing point were not significantly associated with the left-right sided of cadavers. These informations may help in diagnostic cardiac catheterization procedures
and coronary interventions.
Lecturers’ Beliefs and Perceptions on Formative Assessment and Their Practice in Training Medical Students in a Malaysian University
Authors: Ong Kai Li , Abd Jalil Khairunnisa Fatini , Hisham Haris Danial , Mohamad Kasim Nur Syazana , Idris Faridah , Adam Siti Khadijah
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Formative assessment refers to frequent evaluation of student attainment to identify learning needs. It is crucial for the development of soft skills and improvement in learning progress in the classroom. However, the practice is still lacking and undervalued in medical education. This study aims to determine the level of beliefs and perceived practices of formative assessment among lecturers teaching undergraduate medical programme in a Malaysian university. Methods: A self-administered 27-item questionnaire was distributed to 62 lecturers in a medical school in Selangor, Malaysia. They were required to indicate their agreement and frequency on each item that describes their beliefs on the importance and practice of formative assessment in the medical programme. All data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 26. Results: Majority of the respondents indicated that the assessment was conducted frequently during small group sessions (64.5%), through written examination (59.7%) and during practical classes (53.2%). The respondents rated positively on the importance and practice of formative assessment. The score of formative assessment practice through scaffolding was significantly higher than monitoring (Z = 944.5, p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between beliefs and practice of formative assessment (r(62) = 0.213, p = 0.097). Additionally, the duration of service had no significant association with their perception and practice of formative assessment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that regardless of their level of experience, lecturers exhibited a positive perception of and engagement with formative assessment in training medical students. A substantial improvement of peer and self-assessment practices is warranted to foster student autonomy and accountability on their learning.
Subacute Toxicity of Microgranulated Myrmecodia platytyrea Aqueous Tuber Extract (gMPAE)
Authors: Yusni Nurshahidah , Effendi Tommy Julianto Bustami , Hazizul Hasan Mizaton
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Myrmecodia platytyrea, locally known as ‘Sarang Semut’, is an epiphytic plant native to Asia and the Asia Pacific. The tubers were traditionally used to manage cancer, hyperuricemia, and coronary heart
diseases. Scientifically, the aqueous tuber extract has potential pharmacological benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Since the extract had no acute or subacute toxic effects, it might be used as a supplement to reduce inflammation and improve physiological functioning with better bioavailability than conventional preparations. This study aims to investigate the subacute toxicity of the microgranulated aqueous extract of M. platytyrea tuber (gMPAE). Methods: The formulation of the microgranules was established and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The subacute oral toxicity study was carried out. The female nulliparous and non-pregnant ICR mice were divided into three groups (n=5), a group treated with normal saline (control group), a group treated with a placebo (blank microgranules), and a group treated with gMPAE, orally once daily for 28 days. Results: The gMPAE was produced using a spray-dry method and displayed microparticles with irregular shapes typical for spray-dried formulations. The sub-acute toxicity study showed no physical or behavioural changes in both placebo or gMPAE-treated mice compared to the control mice, with no mortality observed after 28 days of treatment and no signs of delayed occurrence of toxic effects 14 days post-treatment.
Conclusion: Standardised spray-dried microgranules of M. platytyrea tuber aqueous extract were successfully developed to enhance the extract’s efficacy and are safe to be used as health supplements.
Evolución de los umbrales de estimulación en función de las distintas frecuencias en sistemas recargables para estimulación de los cordones posteriores.
Authors: Abejon David , Rueda Pablo , Vallejo Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Introducción: La frecuencia (Fc) es uno de los parámetros más importantes en neuroestimulación, con la anchura del Pulso (Pw) y la Amplitud (I). Hasta cierta Fc, el aumento del número de pulsos generará potenciales de acción en las estructuras neurales vecinas y puede facilitar una penetración más profunda de los campos electromagnéticos. Además, los cambios en la frecuencia modifican la sensación del paciente con la estimulación. Los sistemas recargables permiten rangos más amplios de ajustes de frecuencia. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó en 46 pacientes. Con un ancho de pulso fijo de 300 μs, estimulamos a 26 valores de frecuencia entre 40 y 1200 Hz y evaluamos la influencia de estos cambios sobre los umbrales de estimulación, el rango terapéutico, la cobertura parestesia del área dolorosa y la sensación y satisfacción del paciente relacionado a la calidad del estímulo.Resultados: La Fc es inversamente proporcional a todos los umbrales de estimulación y esta relación es estadísticamente significativa (p <0,05). De 40 a 1200 Hz, las variaciones de umbral promedio fueron de 7,25 a 1,38 mA (Percepción - Tp), 8,17 a 1,63 (Terapéutico - Tt) y Td 9,20 a 1,85 (doloroso). Las diferencias significativas comienzan a 750 Hz (Tp, Tt) y 650 Hz (Td). Las variaciones de Fc son también inversamente proporcionales al rango terapéutico obtenido (p <0,05) en todos los niveles de Fc. No se encontró variación significativa con respecto a la cobertura de parestesia. Como era de esperar, la Fc afecta significativamente tanto la sensación como la satisfacción informada por el paciente. La mayoría de los pacientes (> 80%) consideraron excelentes o buenas sensaciones de parestesia en el rango de 60-80 Hz.Discusión: La modificación de la Fc afecta la calidad de la parestesia para la estimulación tónica / tradicional, por lo que es útil seleccionar la mejor “textura” de estimulación para cada paciente. La mayoría de los generadores disponibles comercialmente permiten Fc entre 40 y 1.200 Hz rangos. Una Fc extremadamente alta, por encima de los analizados aquí, puede tener un efecto en el período refractario neuronal que elimina la parestesia mientras se mantiene la analgesia. Curiosamente, dentro de los parámetros evaluados, las frecuencias más altas son inversamente proporcionales a los umbrales de estimulación y terapéuticos. Impresiona que Fc es un parámetro vital para lograr el éxito terapéutico.Conclusiones: Los cambios en Fc resultan útiles para modular la percepción sensorial del paciente. La Fc se puede utilizar con éxito para ajustar la calidad de las parestesias y para modificar la sensación subjetiva del paciente. Aún más, observamos que, a medida que aumenta la frecuencia, la satisfacción del paciente con la sensación percibida disminuye, lo que sugiere que puede ser necesario establecer una Fc mayor en la amplitud sub-umbral para lograr una respuesta positiva.
Phenomenological Study on Middle-Aged Women's Perceptions of Their Children's Marriage, Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Grandchild Rearing
Authors:   The Women’s Studies Center, Lee Sunok , Oh Eunju
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study was to deeply understand the perceptions of middle-aged women regarding their adult children's marriage, pregnancy, childbirth, and grandchild rearing, using a phenomenological research method, and to attempt to provide empirical evidence for improving low birth rates. This study was a phenomenological qualitative research, and the participants were seven middle-aged women who had adult daughters. Data collection was conducted through individual in-depth interviews from July 1, 2023, to September 20, 2023. The data analysis followed the six steps of phenomenological research analysis presented by Collaizzi. From meaningful statements made by middle-aged women about their perceptions of their childre's marriage, pregnancy, childbirth, and grandchild rearing, seven thematic clusters and fifteen themes were identified. The seven thematic clusters were: “Desiring their child to start married life when they are ready and prepared,” “Wishing for childbirth and parenting to proceed without difficulties,” “Wanting to have grandchildren who can be relied upon without causing trouble to their own child,” “Together preparing for the challenges of being parents,” “Wanting to be a supporter as a senior during the challenging childbirth process,” “Actively supporting postpartum care for the daughter who overcame difficulties,” and “Assisting in the support of grandchild rearing and the independence of their own child.” Through this study, middle-aged women with adult daughters gained an understanding of their perceptions and perspectives on their daughters' marriage, pregnancy, childbirth, and the care of grandchildren. The findings could serve as foundational data for the development of future population-related programs and policies.
STUDY OF ANTIFRICTION PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC RECOVERY COATINGS BASED ON IRON OXIDE
Authors: Ипатов А.Г. , Харанжевский Е.В. , Малинин А.В.
Published: January 2024

Современное ремонтное производство развивается в направлении получения тонких восстановительных покрытий преимущественно из композитов, основанных на применении керамических материалов. Однако использование керамических составов в массовом производстве затруднено в связи с отсутствием достоверных данных об их антифрикционных свойствах. Данная работа посвящена изучению триботехнических свойств восстановительных покрытий на основе оксидной матрицы FeO, дополнительно легированных оксидом бора B2O3. Покрытия получены высококонцентрированной короткоимпульсной лазерной обработкой порошковых композиций, предварительно нанесенных на металлические поверхности. Полученные покрытия подвержены износным испытаниям в условиях сухого трения скольжения с фиксацией коэффициента трения, в зависимости от прилагаемой нагрузки и состава порошковой композиции. Полученные результаты исследований подтверждают высокие антифрикционные свойства керамических покрытий на основе оксидных соединений. Оксидные структуры благоприятно влияют на антифрикционные свойства покрытий, в частности, введение оксида бора в диапазоне от 2 до 4 % в состав керамической композиции снижает коэффициент трения до уникальных 0,09–0,1 в условиях сухого трения. При этом наблюдается формирование устойчивых трибоструктур между контактирующими поверхностями.

Modern repair production is developing in the direction of obtaining thin recovering coatings mainly from composite materials, based on the use of ceramic materials. However, the use of ceramic compositions in mass production is hindered by the lack of reliable data on their antifriction properties. This work is devoted to the study of the tribotechnical properties of recovering coatings based on the FeO oxide matrix additionally doped with boron oxide B2O3. The coatings are obtained by highly concentrated short-pulse laser processing of powder compositions previously deposited on metal surfaces. The resulting coatings are subjected to wear tests under conditions of dry sliding friction with fixation of the friction coefficient, depending on the applied load and the formulation of the powder composition. The obtained research results confirm the high antifriction properties of ceramic coatings based on oxide compounds. Oxide structures have a positive impact on the antifriction properties of coatings, in particular, the introduction of boron oxide in the range from 2 to 4 % into the formulation of the ceramic composition reduces the friction coefficient to unique 0.09–0.1 under dry friction conditions. In this case, the formation of stable tribological structures between the contacting surfaces is observed.
Desde España con amor:
Authors: Oñate Teresa
Published: January 2024

Con el fin de rememorar los últimos 20 años sin Gadamer consigno los hitos de algunas instituciones, publicaciones e investigaciones hermenéuticas que he dirigido constantemente a proseguir su vivo legado. Mientras tanto, exploro ciertos problemas concernidos por su sentido interpretativo y alcance espiritual que han conformado el debate filosófico en las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI.
Multicenter evaluation of tofacitinib retention and safety in rheumatoid arthritis – why cardiovascular risk factors do not equate to overt risk
Authors: Felis-Giemza Anna , Moskal Mateusz , Proc Krzysztof , Guzera Zbigniew , Stajszczyk Marcin , Palej Karolina , Chmurzyńska Kornelia , Wiland Piotr , Batko Krzysztof , Batko Bogdan
Published: January 2024

Introduction

This multicenter, real-world, retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib (TOFA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Material and methods

Two hundred nine patients with active RA treated with TOFA, unresponsive to at least 2 conventional synthetic disease-modifying drugs, were recruited. Clinical characteristics were extracted from an electronic registry and supplemented with manual chart review and data linkage with ambulatory care. Drug retention and reasons for discontinuation were evaluated.

Results

Median (interquartile range) follow-up in the whole sample was 16.9 (5.93–31.7) months. Mean (standard deviation) age was 51.44 (±11.84) years, with female predominance (n = 168, 80.4%). Only 30 patients (14.4%) had no pre-existing traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factor at TOFA initiation. Tofacitinib retention rates were high, with median survival estimated at 89.3% at 6 months, 82.4% at 12 months, and 60.4% at 24 months. Ineffectiveness was the primary cause of discontinuation (n = 50). The rate of adverse events (AEs) was relatively low, with lipid abnormalities, blood count alterations, and infectious events among the most common. No major adverse CV event was reported. The incidence rate of AEs necessitating treatment switch was 60.34 (95% CI: 37–92) per 1,000 per-son-years of follow-up. Presence of multiple (> 3) CV risk factors was associated with lower odds of TOFA retention and treatment effectiveness.

Conclusions

Tofacitinib demonstrated high retention rates and a favorable safety profile in RA patients, including those with traditional CV risk factors. Tofacitinib may be a valuable treatment option for RA patients when combined with individualized CV risk management. Further studies are warranted to explore the long-term effects of TOFA and its CV impact in larger
populations.
Autoimmunity and long COVID in children
Authors: Boyarchuk Oksana , Volianska Liubov
Published: January 2024

Numerous hypotheses regarding the pathogenetic mechanisms of long COVID have been proposed. Immune dysregulation and autoimmunity are among the leading hypotheses. In this article, we pre-sent two clinical cases of long COVID. The first case demonstrates the phenotype of long COVID with pain and musculoskeletal symptoms, which is often associated with autoimmunity and mimics systemic connective tissue diseases. In the second case, a high titer of antinuclear antibodies was observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the clinical symptoms were limited to fever and headache. Only a comprehensive evaluation of clinical symptoms and thorough objective examination can con-firm or exclude autoimmune diseases after a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. A systematic search in the PubMed Medline database was carried out for studies focusing on immune dysregulation, auto-immunity, and its association with the clinical phenotype of long COVID. The question of the role of autoimmunity in the development of long COVID and the management approaches are discussed.
Rheumatoid arthritis – medication dosage in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tyczyńska Kinga Maria , Augustyniak-Bartosik Hanna , Świerkot Jerzy
Published: January 2024

Renal failure in the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a consequence of many factors, including drug-induced nephrotoxicity, comorbidities and chronic inflammation. Contemporary treatment strategies have reduced the incidence of renal failure in the population of RA patients. However, it remains a problem for approximately 25% of patients. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the potential need for dosage modifications of administered medications. Many drugs used in the therapy of rheumatic diseases have not been thoroughly studied for their safety in patients with reduced glomerular filtration, resulting in limited data in this area. The establishment of precise, transparent, and consistent dosage recommendations for antirheumatic drugs in chronic kidney dis-ease would significantly facilitate the care of patients with RA. The following review provides a general summary of the available knowledge regarding the dosage of rheumatic medications in renal insufficiency and aims to highlight the need for further research in this area.
Analysis of Marketing Strategies for Duck Egg Flour Business in Increasing Sales Volume: A Case of Small and Medium Enterprise “Abinisa” in Sujung Village, Tirtayasa District, Serang Regency
Authors: Sulaeni Gugun Gunawan , Wibowo Aris Suprio , Syawalia Salsabillah
Published: January 2024

Consumption of egg flour in Indonesia is currently quite large. This can be seen from the increase in egg flour imports. Import figures in 2018 – 2021 have increased from 15,676,606.7 kg to 17,298,358.3 kg (BPS 2022). Egg flour has a broad market and low production costs, and in addition to meeting the needs of the domestic food industry, it is very possible to apply it to small and medium industries (UMKM) to increase the added value of products and farmers in income. The purpose of this study is to analyze the marketing strategy of the duck egg flour business in increasing sales volume in UKM Abinisa. The type of research used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The method used in this research is a case study research method that will be carried out at UKM Abinisa Sujung Village, Tirtayasa District, Serang Regency. This research was conducted at the end of June – August 2023. Based on the internal strategic factor matrix, UKM Abinisa gets a positive value (+) where the strength (S) is 1.86 greater than the weakness (W) is 1.08. Meanwhile the external strategic factor matrix also gets a positive value where the opportunity (O) is 1.75 greater than the weakness (W) is 0.84. Under these conditions, the suitable strategy is the “Growth Strategy”. Meanwhile, based on the SWOT analysis, the marketing strategy that can be implemented by UKM Abinsa is a rapid strategy, namely developing existing strengths and increasing and maintaining existing opportunities.
The Southern Way of Life
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

How does one begin to understand the idea of a distinctive southern way of life—a concept as enduring as it is disputed? In this examination of the American South in national and global contexts, celebrated historian Charles Reagan Wilson assessed how diverse communities of southerners have sought to define the region’s identity. Surveying three centuries of southern regional consciousness across many genres, disciplines, and cultural strains, Wilson considers and challenges prior presentations of the region, advancing a vision of southern culture that has always been plural, dynamic, and complicated by race and class. Structured in three parts, The Southern Way of Life takes readers on a journey from the colonial era to the present, from when complex ideas of “southern civilization” rooted in slave holding and agrarianism dominated to the twenty-first century rise of a modern, multicultural “southern living.” As Wilson shows, there is no singular or essential South but rather a rick tapestry woven with contestations, contingencies, and change.
Reimagining Southern Civilization
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter outlines the dominant Lost Cause and New South narratives that arose after 1880, analyzes the agrarian social and political movements that challenged that dominance, and considers how Victorianism took root in the South. It examines the rise of racial segregation and the spread of lynching and other forms of racial violence. Race and religion became anchors of the adaptation of antebellum southern civilization to new, more modern ways that positioned ideas of the South in national and international contexts. Sectional reconciliation was one key theme of the South’s role in American culture after the Civil War, but so was “the problem South” that saw southern civilization as a backward threat to a modernizing nation. African Americans played a growing role by the Progressive era in challenging segregated southern civilization. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B Du Bois appear as key figures in the on-going story of southern civilization. Woodrow Wilson’s role as president during World War I made him an embodiment of the southern story in this period.
Into the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that the recent dramatic acceleration in immigration to the American South and an openness to increased social diversity have led to changes in the southern living concept, making for more diverse identities. The chapter charts the coming of large numbers of Latinos, Asians, and Middle Eastern peoples who have enriched and complicated understandings of the South. Culture has become central to regional consciousness through music, literature, sports, food, and regional magazines that all express a transformed regional identity around cultural hybridity. The chapter explains the recent relationship of the South to national culture and the continuing impact of the regional past through commemoration of the Confederacy and the civil rights movement. Struggles over defining southern identities have grown as the twenty-first century progressed through an intensification of culture wars. “Authenticity is a key term long associated with southern culture, but recent changes in the region have made it a fraught but still relevant concept in southern living. The southern civil religion continues to provide a religiously based public philosophy rooted in aspirations of regional redemption of the nation’s racial burdens.
Introduction
Authors: Torget Andrew J. , Gurza-Lavalle Gerardo
Published: January 2024

Andrew J. Torget and Gerardo Gurza-Lavalle argue that the long border between the United States and Mexico has earned an enduring reputation as a site of brutal violence, which has led to an enduring perception in both countries of the border as place that has always been inescapably violent. Yet, the authors argue, that is not historically accurate. Every episode of borderland violence has had its roots within a particular historical context, and therefore the rapid evolution of conditions along the US-Mexico border during the past two centuries has directly shaped the ebb and flow of conflict within the region.
Theft and Violence in the Lower Rio Grande Borderlands, 1866–1876
Authors: Blyth Lance R.
Published: January 2024

Lance Blyth focuses on how violence played out on the ground among cattle rustlers on both sides of the US-Mexico border between 1866 and 1876. Blyth suggests that borderland violence became more pervasive after 1848 because the creation of the new boundary between the United States and Mexico created new incentives for both cattle rustling and violence. The ineffectiveness of government authorities on either side of international line made it difficult to protect herds and the ability of rustlers to slip easily across the border helped shield them from prosecution. Just as important, the borderline also disrupted social networks that had previously served to suppress violence. Before the US-Mexico War, ties of friendship, kinship and social obligation had often bound communities across Anglo-American and Mexican settlements which, while not preventing violence completely, had served to suppress cycles of vengeance and retaliation that otherwise could go on for years. The establishment of the new US-Mexico border in 1848, however, severed many of these ties and relationships, which led to escalating cycles of violence. The continued weakness of both the US and Mexican governments in the region, in turn, did nothing to suppress the bloodshed.
Violence, Crime, and the Limitations of State Power in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, 1848–1875
Authors: Bowman Timothy
Published: January 2024

Timothy Bowman focuses on the “nationalization” of border violence, exploring how both Mexico City and Washington, D.C., shifted their perceptions about the border during the period from 1848 to 1875, as each country sought to suppress violence and crime along their shared border. Much of the impetus for that more assertive presence came from those living along the line, as citizens on both sides recognized the dreadful toll that violence associated with cattle theft and Indian raids had wrought in their lives. A stronger state could, they hoped, provide greater stability in the region by cataloguing and suppressing local conflict. In response, the United States created the Robb Commission and Mexico City created the Comisión Pesquisidora, both of which were charged with investigating the history, causes, and costs of border violence on their citizens. The reports, in turn, reveal the growing interest of both the US and Mexican governments in expanding their influence on the use of violence along the border (usually blaming the other side for conflict), as well as the limits of those aspirations during the era.
Worry about Yourself
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

Eating While Black looks at how Black people’s food cultures are shamed and surveilled in even the most innocuous situations. Williams-Forson situates this discussion within a broader context of structural and systemic racism, violence, degradation, socioeconomics, and exploitation; characteristics that have always been inflicted upon Black people in American society.
It’s a Low-Down, Dirty Shame
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the ways in which food shaming reveals anti-Black racism. Often these actions are unintentional. In fact, often these behaviors are exhibited while in the process of trying to help others. But, when we do not take into consideration or think deeply about how histories of racist conditioning might affect our actions we often end up reinforcing and reinscribing the very white racist beliefs we are attempting to demolish.
Everything Comes Undone
Authors: Fredman Zach
Published: January 2024

This final chapter spans the Chinese Civil War, when US Marines occupied formerly Japanese-held areas in eastern and northern China. The moment Japan surrendered, political realities shifted both locally and in terms of the broader strategic picture. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) hardened its position against the United States. Soviet forces overran Manchuria. American combat veterans of the battle for Okinawa were sent to China and tasked with repatriating Japanese forces and helping the Chinese Nationalists secure these areas ahead of the Chinese Communists. Sino-American relations on the ground deteriorated along the same patterns that had emerged during the war against Japan, but the entirely new set of dynamics, especially power dynamics, enabled the CCP to weaponize rage, gender, and nationalism against the US military and Chiang Kai-shek’s government, particularly after two intoxicated marines raped a Peking University student on December 24, 1946. Urban public opinion shifted against the Nationalists and the Americans just as US logistical support and military aid facilitated Chiang’s ill-advised attempt to recover Manchuria.
Epilogue
Authors: Fredman Zach
Published: January 2024

This epilogue traces the occupation of China’s long shadow. The Truman administration tried to wash its hands of the Chinese Nationalists with the August 1949 publication of the State Department’s China White Paper, which placed full blame on the Nationalists for the impending defeat in the Chinese Civil War. But in China, enduring resentment of the US occupation was soon used to justify a new war. The People’s Republic of China’s 1950 to 1951 Resist America and Aid Korea propaganda campaign turned painful memories of the US military presence during the 1940s into a cultural touchstone of the new China. American servicemen’s interactions with Chinese civilians during the 1940s also set patterns that followed US forces elsewhere in Asia. The experience in China also cast a long shadow over US statecraft in Asia, with military partnerships in Taiwan, South Vietnam, and even Afghanistan that have revealed the enduring influence of patterns that emerged in China during the 1940s.
A Labyrinth of Wanderings
Authors: Balmer Randall
Published: January 2024

James Naismith, a student at the YMCA Training School (now Springfield College) in Massachusetts, invented the game of basketball in 1891. It is the quintessential urban game because it asks the players to maneuver withing a closed space without impeding the progress of others – similar to walking down Fifth Avenue at lunchtime or Times Square in the evening or Michigan Avenue at rush hour. The game emerged at the same time that Americans were flocking to the cities in great numbers. Naismith, a Presbyterian minister, also understood life, as John Calvin said, as a labyrinth, and the Christian must navigate life, just like people must find their way in the alien world of the cities. Naismith came to embody a movement called Muscular Christianity, which tried to join religion and athleticism. His most visible job was at the University of Kansas, where he was both athletic director and chaplain.
Mass Defense
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

This chapter reviews the genealogy and identifies the characteristics of “mass defense,” namely a strategy devised by radical lawyers to deal collectively with the legal troubles of activists arrested during demonstrations, especially when they were in large numbers and risked criminal charges. By surveying historical examples such as the protests against the HUAC at San Francisco City Hall in 1960 and the 1964 Free Speech Movement in Berkeley, the book reveals that the escalating mobilization of the 1960s created new legal needs that single lawyers could not address. Therefore, NLG lawyers ingeniously devised tactics to arrange bail, recruit sympathetic lawyers, coordinate dozens of cases, and establish legal defense committees. Mass defense was first tested during Oakland’s Stop the Draft Week in 1967 and successfully replicated many times, for instance throughout the 1968 Columbia University protest. The NLG eventually opened a permanent Mass Defense Office in New York.
Challenging the Legal System
Authors: Falciola Luca
Published: January 2024

This chapter makes sense of the sudden success of the NLG in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s by connecting it to three factors. First, the legacy of the civil rights movement; second, the political climate dominated by the antiwar movement, the New Left, and a growing number of radical organizations fighting against capitalism and racism, all of which needed advice and counsel; and third, the partisan commitment of the Guild that welcomed the new generations within its ranks and advertised itself as the “legal arm of the movement.” The chapter also analyzes radical lawyers’ criticism of the law and the justice system, considered tools to preserve the status quo. Increasingly distrusting the legal profession, NLG lawyers strove to identify with their clients, seeing themselves as “equal partners in struggle.” The examples of Beverly Axelrod and Fay Stender are paradigmatic of such a symbiotic attorney-client relationship.
Until the Indian Is Made to Walk
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter introduces the central argument of this book, namely that Indigenous people played a central role in the Latin American Cold War, and one way they did so was by careful engagement with development interventions in their communities. Though project planners, international agencies, and the Guatemalan state often intended for these projects to serve to extend the state’s surveillance apparatus into rural areas and thwart leftist organizing and uprising, local project staff as intermediaries, alongside intended beneficiaries, gave new meanings to these projects. The chapter situates this study within the context of Guatemala’s mid-20th century political turmoil, which span democratic revolution, coup and counterrevolution, and a civil war which culminated in genocide. It also connects Guatemala to the broader Global Cold War. It also introduces the reader to key theoretical concepts such as the “permitted Indian” and the “prohibited Indian,” modernization as a model for development, and the ways that development was racially mapped onto constructions of Indigeneity. Lastly, this chapter explains the book’s methodology by discussing the various and intersecting scales of analyses and the broad source base, which include unpublished field notes, photograph collections, oral histories, and institutional and governmental records.
A Beautiful Laboratory
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyses the influence of Pan-American indigenismo on Guatemalan intellectual elites in a moment of democratic opening. It traces how state builders throughout the Americas revised their understanding of the causes for the poverty that many Indigenous populations faced. Instead of racial inferiority, they recast the issue as one of inadequate access to resources, designating development as the solution to this problem. Using a history of anthropology to study the Pan-American meeting of indigenistas in Pátzcuaro, Mexico in 1940, this chapter argues that this period saw increased collaboration between governments and social scientists. In Guatemala, anthropologists such as Sol Tax and Robert Redfield, trained Guatemalans like Antonio Goubaud Carrera and with Carnegie Institute funding, hired them to study nutrition in Indigenous communities and devise culturally appropriate development projects. When the democratic Guatemala Revolution occurred in 1944, Goubaud Carrera seized this opportunity to successfully lobby for the creation of Guatemala's Instituto Indigenista Nacional. This democratic opening allowed many of the governing elite to advocate wider participation of Indigenous people through the rewriting of the constitution in 1945 and expanded notions of citizenship, and as a result, the state created the construct of the modern Indigenous citizen.
Sons Like Juan Are the Pride of Guatemala
Authors: Foss Sarah
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how during the Guatemalan Revolution, the state, in its attempt to foster a more inclusive nation, attempted to define the “permitted Indian” as a modern Indigenous citizen and establish the acceptable behaviors that such a person would adopt. A significant part of this process involved the Instituto Indigenista Nacional’s systematic study of Indigenous populations through ethnography and community surveys. The resulting monographs categorized Indigenous cultures according to the state’s logic in an effort to make these populations more manageable and governable. At the same time, the monographs' authors, often Maya school teachers, used these publications to challenge notions of cultural and racial inferiority. In addition to studying Indigenous communities, the Arévalo administration used literacy campaigns to create a cohesive national identity. Literacy primers and education initiatives reveal how state builders established their ideal model for modern Indian citizenship. Through these, the state promoted its version of modernity, informing readers about the new behaviors and mentalities to adopt, including democratic participation through voting and capitalist economic practices.