bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and evaluation of important agronomic traits in 44 Polish wheat varieties (Triticum polonicum L.) grown on the Qinghai Plateau, China
Authors: Zhao Caixia , Shen Jicheng , Lv Shikai , Ye Fahui , Yin Shuxiang , Yang Miaosi , Liu Ruijuan , Liu Demei , Zhang Huaigang , Shen Yuhu , Chen Wenjie
Published: September 2023

The lack of excellent wheat germplasm resources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has led to a gradual decrease in genetic diversity and an increasingly narrow genetic background in wheat grown in this region. Rational use of excellent genes from wheat relatives is important to increase genetic diversity, broaden the genetic base and achieve high yield and quality in common wheat. The objective of this study was to use principal component and cluster analyses of 13 important agronomic traits of 44 Polish wheat varieties over 3 years and comprehensively evaluate them to screen for excellent germplasm resources, thus providing the basic material for broadening the genetic base of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau wheat germplasm resources.
DECIDABLE FRAGMENTS OF THE QUANTIFIED ARGUMENT CALCULUS
Authors: PAVLOVIĆ EDI , GRATZL NORBERT
Published: September 2023

This paper extends the investigations into logical properties of the quantified argument calculus (Quarc) by suggesting a series of proper subsystems which, although retaining the entire vocabulary of Quarc, restrict quantification in such a way as to make the result decidable. The proof of decidability is via a procedure that prunes the infinite branches of a derivation tree in what is a syntactic counterpart of semantic filtration. We demonstrate an application of one of these systems by showing that Aristotle’s assertoric syllogistic is embeddable within, thus also providing another method of showing its decidability.
Use of Shallow Ice Core Measurements to Evaluate and Constrain 1980–1990 Global Reanalyses of Ice Sheet Precipitation Rates
Authors: Schneider Adam , Zender Charles , Loeb Nicole , Price Stephen
Published: September 2023

Sea‐level rise (SLR) projections by Earth System Models (ESMs) depend on ice sheet surface mass balances. Accurate, global atmosphere reanalyses would be ideal for providing equilibrated ice sheet model initial conditions in fully coupled ESM simulations. Here we present the first evaluation of 1980–1990 global reanalysis precipitation over Greenland and Antarctica that uses independent observations of net accumulation rates derived from shallow ice cores. Precipitation distributions from both the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast's Reanalysis (ERA5) and the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA‐2) are highly correlated with contemporaneous co‐located net accumulation rates from Greenland (r2 > 0.95) and West Antarctica (r2 > 0.7). Three other commonly used reanalyses (WFDE5, CRUNCEP, and GSWP3) exhibit significantly weaker correlations on one or both ice sheets. Our findings imply that ESMs should use ERA5 or MERRA‐2 in data‐forced simulations to validate ice sheet model dynamics and precondition firn for SLR projections.
Signature of Two‐Step Non‐Linear Interactions Associated to Zonally Symmetric Waves During Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Mitra G. , Guharay A. , Conte J. F. , Chau J. L.
Published: September 2023

Atmospheric tides and associated dynamics during two major boreal sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) have been investigated. The evolutionary Lomb Scargle and wavelet spectral analysis of specular meteor radar (SMR)‐derived hourly winds reveal evidence of non‐linear interactions between the semidiurnal solar tide and the quasi‐20‐day wave (Q20dw) during SSWs. The zonal wavenumber (ZWN) diagnosis indicates possible non‐linear interaction between the dominant semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2) and zonally symmetric 20‐day wave (20dw0) component, producing the secondary waves. The non‐linear interaction between the ZWN 2 component of stationary planetary wave (SPW2) and westward propagating 20‐day wave (20dwW2) in the stratosphere seems crucial to produce the 20dw0. As observed in the SMR‐derived wind spectra, the excited 20dw0 possibly interacts non‐linearly with SW2 to generate secondary waves. Therefore, the present study provides the first observational evidence of a two‐step non‐linear interaction associated with zonally symmetric planetary waves during major SSWs.
mTORC1-selective activation of translation elongation promotes disease progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Malik Natasha , Hay Jodie , Almuhanna Hassan N. B. , Dunn Karen M. , Lees Jamie , Cassels Jennifer , Li Jiatian , Nakagawa Rinako , Sansom Owen J. , Michie Alison M.
Published: September 2023

Targeted deletion of Raptor, a component of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), reveals an essential role for mTORC1 in initiation/maintenance of leukemia in a CLL model, resulting from a failure for haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to commit to the B cell lineage. Induction of Raptor-deficiency in NSG mice transplanted with Mx1-Raptor CLL progenitor cells (PKCα-KR-transduced HSPCs) after disease establishment revealed a reduction in CLL-like disease load and a significant increase in survival in the mice. Interestingly in an aggressive CLL-like disease model, rapamycin treatment reduced disease burden more effectively than AZD2014 (dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor), indicating a skew towards mTORC1 sensitivity with more aggressive disease. Rapamycin, but not ibrutinib, efficiently targeted the eEF2/eEF2K translation elongation regulatory axis, downstream of mTORC1, resulting in eEF2 inactivation through induction of eEF2T56 phosphorylation. mTOR inhibitor treatment of primary patient CLL cells halted proliferation, at least in part through modulation of eEF2K/eEF2 phosphorylation and expression, reduced protein synthesis and inhibited expression of MCL1, Cyclin A and Cyclin D2. Our studies highlight the importance of translation elongation as a driver of disease progression and identify inactivation of eEF2 activity as a novel therapeutic target for blocking CLL progression.
Machine learning assisted vector atomic magnetometry
Authors: Meng Xin , Zhang Youwei , Zhang Xichang , Jin Shenchao , Wang Tingran , Jiang Liang , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang , Xiao Yanhong
Published: September 2023

Multiparameter sensing such as vector magnetometry often involves complex setups due to various external fields needed in explicitly connecting one measured signal to one parameter. Here, we propose a paradigm of indirect encoding for vector atomic magnetometry based on machine learning. We encode the three-dimensional magnetic-field information in the set of four simultaneously acquired signals associated with the optical rotation of a laser beam traversing the atomic sample. The map between the recorded signals and the vectorial field information is established through a pre-trained deep neural network. We demonstrate experimentally a single-shot all optical vector atomic magnetometer, with a simple scalar-magnetometer design employing only one elliptically-polarized laser beam and no additional coils. Magnetic field amplitude sensitivities of about 100 $${{{{{{{\rm{fT}}}}}}}}/\sqrt{{{{{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}}}}}$$
fT
/

Hz

and angular sensitivities of about $$100 \sim 200\,\mu rad/\sqrt{{{{{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}}}}}$$
100
~
200

μ
r
a
d
/

Hz

(for a magnetic field of around 140 nT) are derived from the neural network. Our approach can reduce the complexity of the architecture of vector magnetometers, and may shed light on the general design of multiparameter sensing.
Costs and health benefits of the rural energy transition to carbon neutrality in China
Authors: Ma Teng , Zhang Silu , Xiao Yilong , Liu Xiaorui , Wang Minghao , Wu Kai , Shen Guofeng , Huang Chen , Fang Yan Ru , Xie Yang
Published: September 2023

The rural energy transition is critical in China’s efforts to achieve carbon neutrality and improve air quality. However, the costs and health benefits associated with the transition to carbon neutrality remain unclear. Here we explore the cost-effective transition pathways and air quality-related health impacts using an integrated energy-air quality-health modeling framework. We find that decarbonizing rural cooking and heating would triple contemporary energy consumption from 2014 to 2060, considerably reducing energy poverty nationwide. By 2060, electric cooking ranges and air-to-air heat pumps should be widely integrated, costing an additional 13 billion USD nationally in transformation costs, with ~40% concentrated in Shandong, Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. Rural residential decarbonization would remarkably improve air quality in northern China, yielding substantial health co-benefits. Notably, monetized health benefits in most provinces are projected to offset transformation costs, except for certain relatively lower-development southwestern provinces, implying more financial support for rural residents in these areas will be needed.
Multi-omics profiling reveals rhythmic liver function shaped by meal timing
Authors: Huang Rongfeng , Chen Jianghui , Zhou Meiyu , Xin Haoran , Lam Sin Man , Jiang Xiaoqing , Li Jie , Deng Fang , Shui Guanghou , Zhang Zhihui , Li Min-Dian
Published: September 2023

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) couple feed-fast cycles to diurnal rhythms. However, it remains largely uncharacterized whether and how meal timing organizes diurnal rhythms beyond the transcriptome. Here, we systematically profile the daily rhythms of the proteome, four PTMs (phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, succinylation and N-glycosylation) and the lipidome in the liver from young female mice subjected to either day/sleep time-restricted feeding (DRF) or night/wake time-restricted feeding (NRF). We detect robust daily rhythms among different layers of omics with phosphorylation the most nutrient-responsive and succinylation the least. Integrative analyses reveal that clock regulation of fatty acid metabolism represents a key diurnal feature that is reset by meal timing, as indicated by the rhythmic phosphorylation of the circadian repressor PERIOD2 at Ser971 (PER2-pSer971). We confirm that PER2-pSer971 is activated by nutrient availability in vivo. Together, this dataset represents a comprehensive resource detailing the proteomic and lipidomic responses by the liver to alterations in meal timing.
Direct observation of topological magnon polarons in a multiferroic material
Authors: Bao Song , Gu Zhao-Long , Shangguan Yanyan , Huang Zhentao , Liao Junbo , Zhao Xiaoxue , Zhang Bo , Dong Zhao-Yang , Wang Wei , Kajimoto Ryoichi , Nakamura Mitsutaka , Fennell Tom , Yu Shun-Li , Li Jian-Xin , Wen Jinsheng
Published: September 2023

Magnon polarons are novel elementary excitations possessing hybrid magnonic and phononic signatures, and are responsible for many exotic spintronic and magnonic phenomena. Despite long-term sustained experimental efforts in chasing for magnon polarons, direct spectroscopic evidence of their existence is hardly observed. Here, we report the direct observation of magnon polarons using neutron spectroscopy on a multiferroic Fe2Mo3O8 possessing strong magnon-phonon coupling. Specifically, below the magnetic ordering temperature, a gap opens at the nominal intersection of the original magnon and phonon bands, leading to two separated magnon-polaron bands. Each of the bands undergoes mixing, interconverting and reversing between its magnonic and phononic components. We attribute the formation of magnon polarons to the strong magnon-phonon coupling induced by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Intriguingly, we find that the band-inverted magnon polarons are topologically nontrivial. These results uncover exotic elementary excitations arising from the magnon-phonon coupling, and offer a new route to topological states by considering hybridizations between different types of fundamental excitations.
Human remains from Arma di Nasino (Liguria) provide novel insights into the paleoecology of early Holocene foragers in northwestern Italy
Authors: Sparacello Vitale S. , Goude Gwenaëlle , Varalli Alessandra , Dori Irene , Gravel-Miguel Claudine , Riel-Salvatore Julien , Palstra Sanne W. L. , Moggi-Cecchi Jacopo , Negrino Fabio , Starnini Elisabetta
Published: September 2023

We report the discovery and analysis of new Mesolithic human remains—dated to ca. 10,200–9000 cal. BP—from Arma di Nasino in Liguria, northwestern Italy, an area rich in Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic attestations, but for which little information on Early Holocene occupation was available. The multi-proxy isotopic profile of the two individuals reveals that—despite the proximity of the site to the Mediterranean seashore and the use of shellfish as decorative elements in burials—the ecology of these foragers was based on the exploitation of high-altitude resources, presumably in the nearby western Alps. This constitutes the first direct evidence in northwestern Italy of a significant ecological shift towards higher altitudes following deglaciation, especially when compared to isotopic data of the Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from the nearby site of Arene Candide Cave, who exploited terrestrial resources nearer to the coast and at lower altitudes. While the biochemistry of Nasino’s skeletal assemblage revealed new details on Early Holocene lifeways in the area, the osteobiography of one individual offers glimpses into the life experience of a specific female forager, depicting a scenario of early skeletal trauma, developmental disturbances, long-term impairments, and resilience amongst the last European hunter-gatherers.
Biomedical doctoral students’ research practices when facing dilemmas: two vignette-based randomized control trials
Authors: Nguyen V.T , Sharp M. K. , Superchi C. , Baron G. , Glonti K. , Blanco D. , Olsen M. , Vo Tat T.T , Olarte Parra C. , Névéol A. , Hren D. , Ravaud P. , Boutron I.
Published: September 2023

Our aim was to describe the research practices of doctoral students facing a dilemma to research integrity and to assess the impact of inappropriate research environments, i.e. exposure to (a) a post-doctoral researcher who committed a Detrimental Research Practice (DRP) in a similar situation and (b) a supervisor who did not oppose the DRP. We conducted two 2-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trials. We created 10 vignettes describing a realistic dilemma with two alternative courses of action (good practice versus DRP). 630 PhD students were randomized through an online system to a vignette (a) with (n = 151) or without (n = 164) exposure to a post-doctoral researcher; (b) with (n = 155) or without (n = 160) exposure to a supervisor. The primary outcome was a score from − 5 to + 5, where positive scores indicated the choice of DRP and negative scores indicated good practice. Overall, 37% of unexposed participants chose to commit DRP with important variation across vignettes (minimum 10%; maximum 66%). The mean difference [95%CI] was 0.17 [− 0.65 to 0.99;], p = 0.65 when exposed to the post-doctoral researcher, and 0.79 [− 0.38; 1.94], p = 0.16, when exposed to the supervisor. In conclusion, we did not find evidence of an impact of postdoctoral researchers and supervisors on student research practices.

Trial registration: NCT04263805, NCT04263506 (registration date 11 February 2020).
Assessment of the impact of shaped nozzles installed inside the pipeline on the energy efficiency of compressed gas systems
Authors: Młynarczyk Przemysław , Brewczyński Damian , Krajewska-Śpiewak Joanna , Chmielarczyk Kamil , Błądek Jarosław , Lempa Paweł
Published: September 2023

Pressure pulsations and vibrations generated in gas discharge pipelines are one of the main causes of failure in a compressed gas system. Installation of shaped nozzles in the compressor discharge manifold is one of the new ideas to minimize this phenomenon. It has been proven that shaped nozzles technology is able to minimize the unfavorable phenomena of pressure pulsation and thus the pipeline vibration. The production of such components using 3D printing techniques is a very good solution, as they have complicated shapes and are individually produced for a specific installation. The world is currently struggling with an excess of waste and a shortage of energy. Therefore, modern technology should be part of the sustainable development strategy, according to which the amount of energy consumed during the processes should be reduced. This article presents the influence of shaped nozzles on the specific compression power mounted in the discharge manifolds of two different compressors: reciprocating and screw. This influence can also be estimated by a conceptual model presented in the article. Based on the values of specific compression power, obtained during carried out research, it can be concluded that 3D printed nozzles may have a minor impact on the energy efficiency of compression depending on their shape complexity.
Regulation of base excision repair during adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Min , Jang Hyun-Jin , Baek Song-Yi , Choi Kyung-Jin , Han Dong-Hee , Sung Jung-Suk
Published: September 2023

Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal lineages. It has been shown that the high-efficiency DNA-repair capacity of hMSCs is decreased during their differentiation. However, the underlying its mechanism during adipogenesis and osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we investigated how alkyl-damage repair is modulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, especially focusing on the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Response to an alkylation agent was assessed via quantification of the double-strand break (DSB) foci and activities of BER-related enzymes during differentiation in hMSCs. Adipocytes showed high resistance against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced alkyl damage, whereas osteoblasts were more sensitive than hMSCs. During the differentiation, activities, and protein levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be regulated. In addition, ligation-related proteins, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and DNA polymerase β, were upregulated in adipocytes, whereas their levels and recruitment declined during osteogenesis. These modulations of BER enzyme activity during differentiation influenced DNA repair efficiency and the accumulation of DSBs as repair intermediates in the nucleus. Taken together, we suggest that BER enzymatic activity is regulated in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and these alterations in the BER pathway led to different responses to alkyl damage from those in hMSCs.
Host feeding preferences of malaria vectors in an area of low malaria transmission
Authors: Gueye Assiyatou , Ngom El Hadji Malick , Diagne Aissatou , Ndoye Baye Bado , Dione Mamadou Lamine , Sambe Babacar Souleymane , Sokhna Cheikh , Diallo Mawlouth , Niang Makhtar , Dia Ibrahima
Published: September 2023

Studying the behaviour and trophic preferences of mosquitoes is an important step in understanding the exposure of vertebrate hosts to vector-borne diseases. In the case of human malaria, transmission increases when mosquitoes feed more on humans than on other animals. Therefore, understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of vectors and their feeding preferences is essential for improving vector control measures. In this study, we investigated the feeding behaviour ofAnophelesmosquitoes at two sites in the Sudanian areas of Senegal where transmission is low following the implementation of vector control measures. Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly from July to November 2022 by pyrethrum spray catches in sleeping rooms of almost all houses in Dielmo and Ndiop villages, and blood meals were identified as from human, bovine, ovine, equine and chicken by ELISA. Species from theAn. gambiaecomplex were identified by PCR. The types and numbers of potential domestic animal hosts were recorded in each village. The Human Blood Index (HBI) and the Manly Selection Ratio (MSR) were calculated to determine whether hosts were selected in proportion to their abundance. Spatio-temporal variation in HBI was examined using the Moran’s index. A total of 1251 endophilicAnophelesfemales were collected in 115 bedrooms, including 864 blood fed females of 6 species.An. arabiensisandAn. funestuswere predominant in Dielmo and Ndiop, respectively. Of the 864 blood meals tested, 853 gave a single host positive result mainly on bovine, equine, human, ovine and chicken in decreasing order in both villages. Overall, these hosts were not selected in proportion to their abundance. The human host was under-selected, highlighting a marked zoophily for the vectors. Over time and space, the HBI were low with no obvious trend, with higher and lower values observed in each of the five months at different points in each village. These results highlight the zoophilic and exophagic behaviour of malaria vectors. This behaviour is likely to be a consequence of the distribution and use of LLINs in both villages and may increase risk of residual outdoor transmission. This underlines the need to study the feeding host profile of outdoor resting populations and how domestic animals may influence malaria epidemiology in order to tailor effective malaria vector control strategies in the two villages.
Process Intensification Opportunities for Direct Methane Valorisation
Authors: Rosseau L. R. S. , Roghair I. , van Sint Annaland M.
Published: September 2023

Efficiently and selectively converting methane to value-added chemicals such as olefins, aromatics and hydrogen presents one of the main chemical engineering challenges of the first half of the 21st century. Despite numerous encouraging developments in catalysis, the performance of these processes is still largely subject to a trade-off in methane conversion and selectivity towards the desired product. In addition, most processes require high temperatures and exhibit significant catalyst deactivation, which calls for advanced heating and regeneration concepts. In this chapter, five representative direct methane valorisation reactions are introduced, and the challenges of these conversions are discussed. Subsequently, process intensification concepts are discussed to address these challenges. It is shown that through the integration of reaction and separation, as well as employing novel reactors featuring advanced regeneration concepts and means of heating, the efficiency and economics of the various processes can be improved. A review of these developments is supplemented with some comments on the roadblocks that currently hinder the implementation of these technologies.
Mechanism and application of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds for bone repair
Authors: Lin Hui , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Qiyue , Wang Qiang , Wang Xue , Yan Guangqi
Published: September 2023

3D-printed biodegradable bioceramic materials have a broad research base and application prospects for bone repair applications.
Nanocarriers for gene delivery to the cardiovascular system
Authors: Shi Ling-Xin , Liu Xiu-Ran , Zhou Ling-Yue , Zhu Zi-Qi , Yuan Qiong , Zou Tao
Published: September 2023

Cardiovascular diseases have posed a great threat to human health.
Antimicrobial polymer-siRNA polyplexes as a dual-mode platform for the treatment of wound biofilm infections
Authors: Jeon Taewon , Makabenta Jessa Marie V. , Park Jungmi , Nabawy Ahmed , Cicek Yagiz Anil , Mirza Sarah S. , Welton Janelle , Hassan Muhammad Aamir , Huang Rui , Mager Jesse , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: September 2023

Dual therapeutics use cationic polymers to kill bacteria and deliver siRNA to macrophages to decrease inflammation and enhance wound healing.
Extraordinary optical transmittance generation on Si3N4 membranes
Authors: Macis Salvatore , Paolozzi Maria Chiara , D'Arco Annalisa , Piccirilli Federica , Stopponi Veronica , Rossi Marco , Moia Fabio , Toma Andrea , Lupi Stefano
Published: September 2023

Optical properties of Si3N4 membranes are modified via patterning of holes to excite surface phonon polaritons and increase transmittance.
Synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole derivatives via intramolecular cyclization using Brønsted acidic carbonaceous material as the catalyst
Authors: Nguyen Hai Truong , Nguyen Phat Ngoc , Van Le Tan , Nguyen Trinh Hao , Nguyen Linh Dieu , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: September 2023

In this work, a new procedure for the synthesis of benzo[a]carbazole from 1,3-diketones, primary amines, phenylglyoxal monohydrate, and malononitrile employing a solid acidic catalyst has been developed.
MoS2–NiO nanocomposite for H2S sensing at room temperature
Authors: Sadaf Shama , Zhang Hongpeng , Akhtar Ali
Published: September 2023

The layered 2-D materials, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are among the most promising candidates for detecting H2S gas at very low concentrations.
Introduction to the RSC Advances themed collection Chemistry in Biorefineries
Authors: Martín Carlos , Rodríguez Alejandro , Montagnaro Fabio
Published: September 2023

Professor Carlos Martín, Professor Alejandro Rodríguez and Professor Fabio Montagnaro introduce the RSC Advances themed collection Chemistry in Biorefineries.
Cyclobutane-bearing restricted anchoring residues enabled geometry-specific hydrocarbon peptide stapling
Authors: Chen Baobao , Liu Chao , Cong Wei , Gao Fei , Zou Yan , Su Li , Liu Lei , Hillisch Alexander , Lehmann Lutz , Bierer Donald , Li Xiang , Hu Hong-Gang
Published: September 2023

Cyclobutane-based conformationally constrained amino acids, termed E7 and Z7, were rationally designed and efficiently synthesized, and were used for RCM-mediated peptide stapling to afford E7-E7 geometry-specific stapled peptides.
Inserting a lithiation potential gap as a factor for degradation control in aluminum-foil anodes by utilizing roll-bonding processes
Authors: Li Hongyi , Nishimura Shohei , Nakata Yuki , Matsumoto Shingo , Yamaguchi Takitaro , Hoshikawa Hiroaki , Kumagai Toshiaki , Ichitsubo Tetsu
Published: September 2023

Using a roll-bonding process, the authors combine Al foils with different alloy additions into clad Al foils. The lithiation potential difference between the Al foils serves as a control factor to regulate lithium penetration during cycles.
Research status and future perspectives of low dimensional electromagnetic wave absorption materials
Authors: Xu Huaping , Tang Tao , Man Zengming , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhao Haiqiang , Liang Xiaohui , Li Chuanying
Published: September 2023

In this study, we briefly review the different EMW absorption mechanisms and key influencing factors, then present the latest developments in low-dimensional (LD) EMW absorption materials.
High piezoelectric, dielectric relaxation and semiconductor properties in a one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid complex: [2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine][BiCl5]
Authors: Hu Zheng-Hui , Liu Xin-Yu , Sun Shu-Qi , Gong Chen , Liu Nuo , Gao Ji-Xing
Published: September 2023

Molecular-based multifunctional material [2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine][BiCl5] has interesting properties, such as phase transition, piezoelectric, second harmonic generation, dielectric relaxation, semiconductor and so on.
New measurement technique for restoration of the trochlear offset after image-based robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a reliability study
Authors: Kafelov Moussa , Farhat Jawhara , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The new concepts in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tend to improve the alignment and ligament balancing after TKA. Nevertheless, the assessment of the anterior compartment is difficult. The purpose of this study was to describe a new measurement technique of trochlear offset restoration on CT-scan after primary robotic-assisted TKA and assess its reliability and repeatability. Method: This monocentric study assessed the trochlear offset restoration on a CT scan after 20 robotic-assisted TKA. To evaluate the trochlear offset restoration, we measured the depth difference between the native and the prosthetic trochlea. Four sequential positions were assessed on the trochlea: at full extension, at 30°, 70°, and 90° flexion. For each of these positions, we compared the highest point of the lateral native condyle and the lateral prosthetic condyle, the highest point of the medial native condyle and the medial prosthetic condyle, the deepest point of the native trochlear groove and the prosthetic trochlea. Two independent reviewers performed the measurements to assess their reliability. To determine intraobserver variability, the first observer performed the measurements twice. Results: The mean age was 67.3 years old ± 8.3. Mean values of the trochlear offset restoration for the medial condyle, trochlear groove and lateral condyle were respectively: 1.0 mm ± 1.6, 1.1 mm ± 1.5, −2.7 mm ± 2.3 in full extension; −3.5 mm ± 1.7, −1.5 mm ± 1.7, −3.9 mm ± 3.9 at 30° flexion; −5.1 mm ± 1.8, 2.1 mm ± 2.7, −3.8 mm ± 1.8 at 70° flexion; 2.0 mm ± 1.4 and 3.1 mm ± 1.5 for the medial and lateral condyles at 90° flexion. The radiographic measurements showed very good to excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements with mean kappa values of 0.92 and 0.74. Conclusion: We present a novel measurement technique on CT scan for evaluating the restoration of the trochlear offset after TKA, demonstrating excellent inter and intra-observer reliability.
Effect of Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Caloric Restriction on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abou Chaaya Jessica , Dib El Jalbout Jana , Nasrallah Mona P.
Published: September 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, including the Middle East and North Africa region. Intermittent fasting (IF) has been increasingly used to manage overweight/obesity and its metabolic complications. Physiologically, IF shifts the body's metabolism into ketosis (the metabolic switch) and induces cellular changes, which have a theoretical benefit over and above continuous caloric restriction (CCR). In this narrative overview of IF, the focus is on summarizing studies that compare IF to CCR in adults with overweight or obesity. The most commonly practiced types of IF (5:2, the alternate day fast, and the time-restricted eating) were included. Nine studies of 1-year duration or longer, with weight loss as the primary outcome, were summarized. The effect on body weight and improved metabolic parameters such as blood pressure, glycemic indicators, and lipid profile are described. Overall, IF was well tolerated and effective for weight loss in a manner comparable to CCR. The benefits were similar among adults with type 2 diabetes. There were no additional metabolic effects or benefits over and above CCR. However, more studies are needed to address specific details of IF, such as the type and timing of fasting and its application to different populations. In conclusion, IF is safe and beneficial for weight loss in adults with overweight/obesity with or without diabetes. It can be used as an alternative to CCR.
Identifying, quantifying, and mitigating extraneous contact effect in dynamic characterization of flexible devices
Authors: Wang Luming , Chen Jianglong , Wu Song , Xiao Fei , Xu Bo , Deng Qingyang , Liang Yachun , Zhang Zejuan , Zhang Pengcheng , Yang Rui , Xia Juan , Wang Zenghui
Published: September 2023

As flexible electronic devices continue to scale down, the extraneous response of the electrical contacts/leads to the mechanical modulation becomes non-negligible, making it increasingly difficult to accurately determine the device's intrinsic response. This poses an important challenge for dynamic characterization of flexible electronics. Here, we demonstrate a new scheme that can effectively isolate and mitigate such extraneous effects. Using a patented design with a wiring platform closely “floating” above and synchronously moving with the flexible device, we effectively minimize the mechanical deformation of the electrical leads. Through a comparative study, we clearly observe the complicated mechanical response from electrical contacts in the conventional wiring scheme, hindering intrinsic device response. We further demonstrate that the new wiring scheme is robust and reliable in mitigating such extraneous effects, which can improve the measurement accuracy by two orders of magnitude (extraneous resistance variation reduced from 3.43 to 0.038 mΩ). Our work offers important insights and practical guidelines for accurate characterization of dynamic response in nanoscale flexible electronics.
Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimations of truncated inverse power Lindley distribution under progressively type-II censored data with applications
Authors: Elgarhy Mohammed , Al Mutairi Aned , Hassan Amal S. , Chesneau Christophe , Abdel-Hamid Alaa H.
Published: September 2023

In this article, we introduce and study the truncated inverse power Lindley distribution. The aim is to transpose the remarkable flexibility of the two-parameter inverse power Lindley distribution to the interval [0,1]. The corresponding probability density function has the potential to be unimodal, decreasing, right-skewed, and heavy-tailed. On the other hand, the hazard rate function can be increasing, N-shaped, or U-shaped. These shapes’ versatility enables accurate representation and analysis of proportional or percentage data across a wide range of applications, such as survival analysis, reliability, and uncertainty modeling. Several statistical features, such as the mode, quantiles, Bowley’s skewness, Moor’s kurtosis, MacGillivray’s skewness, moments, inverse moments, incomplete moments, and probability-weighted moments, are computed. In practice, for the estimation of the model parameters from truncated data under the progressively type-II censoring scheme, the maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, and Bayesian approaches are used. The Tierney–Kadane approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are employed to produce the Bayesian estimates under the squared error loss function. We present some simulation results to evaluate these approaches. Four applications based on real-world datasets—one of them is on times of infection, the second is on failure times, and the other two are on the rate of inflation in Asia and Africa—explain the significance of the new truncated model in comparison to some reputed comparable models, such as the inverse power Lindley, Kumaraswamy, truncated power Lomax, beta, truncated Weibull, unit-Weibull, Kumaraswamy Kumaraswamy, and exponentiated Kumaraswamy models.
Local extracellular K
+
in cortex regulates norepinephrine levels, network state, and behavioral output
Authors: Dietz Andrea Grostøl , Weikop Pia , Hauglund Natalie , Andersen Mie , Petersen Nicolas Caesar , Rose Laura , Hirase Hajime , Nedergaard Maiken
Published: September 2023

Extracellular potassium concentration ([K
+
]
e
) is known to increase as a function of arousal. [K
+
]
e
is also a potent modulator of transmitter release. Yet, it is not known whether [K
+
]
e
is involved in the neuromodulator release associated with behavioral transitions. We here show that manipulating [K
+
]
e
controls the local release of monoaminergic neuromodulators, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and dopamine. Imposing a [K
+
]
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increase is adequate to boost local NE levels, and conversely, lowering [K
+
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can attenuate local NE. Electroencephalography analysis and behavioral assays revealed that manipulation of cortical [K
+
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e
was sufficient to alter the sleep–wake cycle and behavior of mice. These observations point to the concept that NE levels in the cortex are not solely determined by subcortical release, but that local [K
+
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dynamics have a strong impact on cortical NE. Thus, cortical [K
+
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is an underappreciated regulator of behavioral transitions.
Survey data
Authors: Hort Sofia , Vasylets Olena
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on survey methods for studying
writing processes. We specifically focus on questionnaires, interviews, and
process logs, which all represent subjective self-report instuments. We
start by describing the affordances of these data collection procedures, and
review some relevant L1 and L2 studies which employed them to study writing
processes. We then address some methodological concerns in the use of the
self-report instruments discussed in the chapter and finish by suggesting
avenues for future research.
Measurement methods and fractal dimensions of blast-cleaned steel substrates
Authors: Marquardt T. , Momber A. W. , Krenz A.
Published: September 2023

Morphological parameters of steel substrates determine the adhesion of coatings and adhesives. Three different assessment methods (cross section image, contact stylus instrument, and stripe light projection) were applied to blast-cleaned substrates. A total of 12 surface configurations were generated with different abrasive materials. The fractal dimensions were estimated by means of the box-counting method. Design of experiment and ANOVA were applied to statistically analyze the relationships. Factors included abrasive type, surface preparation grade, surface roughness, and surface profile measurement method. Similar relative trends for the fractal dimensions resulted for the three measurement methods. The normalized values of the fractal dimensions were approximately twice as high for the cross section profiles compared to the ones from contact stylus and stripe light projection. Fractal values derived from contact stylus measurements showed the highest repeatability, whereas those derived from cross section images showed the lowest repeatability.
Nick Kaiser
Authors: Peacock John
Published: September 2023

John Peacock remembers an innovative and questioning theoretician whose work now underpins cosmology
Incremental prognostic value of downstream positron emission tomography perfusion imaging after coronary computed tomography angiography: a study using machine learning
Authors: Lehtonen Eero , Kujala Iida , Tamminen Jonne , Maaniitty Teemu , Saraste Antti , Teuho Jarmo , Knuuti Juhani , Klén Riku
Published: September 2023

Aims

To evaluate the incremental value of positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) over coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in predicting short- and long-term outcome using machine learning (ML) approaches.

Methods and results

A total of 2411 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CCTA, out of whom 891 patients were admitted to downstream PET MPI for haemodynamic evaluation of obstructive coronary stenosis. Two sets of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML models were trained, one with all the clinical and imaging variables (including PET) and the other with only clinical and CCTA-based variables. Difference in the performance of the two sets was analysed by means of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). After the removal of incomplete data entries, 2284 patients remained for further analysis. During the 8-year follow-up, 210 adverse events occurred including 59 myocardial infarctions, 35 unstable angina pectoris, and 116 deaths. The PET MPI data improved the outcome prediction over CCTA during the first 4 years of the observation time and the highest AUC was at the observation time of Year 1 (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.804–0.827). After that, there was no significant incremental prognostic value by PET MPI.

Conclusion

PET MPI variables improve the prediction of adverse events beyond CCTA imaging alone for the first 4 years of follow-up. This illustrates the complementary nature of anatomic and functional information in predicting the outcome of patients with suspected CAD.
Postoperative hormonal therapies reduce the recurrence of thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax
Authors: Tsuboshima Kenji , Kurihara Masatoshi , Okumura Gaku , Ohashi Kota , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Shiko Yuki , Ozawa Yoshihito , Seyama Kuniaki
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES

Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax (TERP) frequently recurs even after surgery. Meanwhile, postoperative hormonal therapies (HTx) are believed to be effective for pelvic endometriosis. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between postoperative TERP recurrence and postoperative HTx in a retrospective observational study.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with TERP who underwent the first video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery between January 2011 and February 2022.

RESULTS

Of the 248 patients eligible for this study, 67 (27.0%) experienced postoperative TERP recurrence. Postoperative HTx were administered to 70 patients (28.2%). Dienogest was the most frequently administered drug, given to 56.7% of patients. Following univariable analysis, postoperative hormonal therapies was closely related to reduce postoperative recurrence (P = 0.003). Likewise, the multivariable analysis revealed postoperative hormonal therapies were significantly associated with the risk reduction of recurrence (hazard ratio 0.28, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative HTx reduced TERP recurrence. We hypothesize that HTx may control residual endometrial tissues to avoid TERP if pleural endometrial tissues are resected as much as possible.
Stable isotopes in eye lenses reveal migration and mixing patterns of diamond squid in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya , Horii Sachiko , Kodama Taketoshi , Takahashi Kazutaka , Tawa Atsushi , Tanaka Yosuke , Ohshmio Seiji
Published: September 2023

Knowledge of the movements of marine organisms is essential for effective conservation schemes. Here, we investigated the lifetime habitat use of diamond squid, Thysanoteuthis rhombus, collected in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas (the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea) during 2021–2022, whose migratory ecology is poorly known, using bulk stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in eye lenses. From the eye lens isotope profiles, the chronology of the isotopic baseline of squid habitat was estimated by removing the effect of size-dependent changes of trophic position. Then, the baseline estimates were compared to the isoscapes of particulate organic matter. The baseline chronologies showed fluctuations during the paralarval and juvenile stages, becoming stable during the adult stage, suggesting that significant movements mainly occur during the early life stages due to current transport, with adults potentially not undertaking long-distance migrations. The squids in the marginal seas mostly originated from outside the subtropical gyre, while the squids in the subtropical gyre had various sources, including outside the gyre and southern and northern parts within the gyre, revealing a complex mixing pattern of the species. These results show that isotope chronology combined with baseline isoscapes are effective tools to understand animal migrations, which can help managing various cephalopods and fish.
Correction factors to biaxial bending strength of thin silicon die in the ball-on-ring test by considering geometric nonlinearity and material anisotropy
Authors: Tsai M Y , Hsieh P J , Kuo T C
Published: September 2023

The ball-on-ring test (BoR) is one of the standard tests for biaxial bending, suggested in ASTM F394-78. This test has been applied to determine the biaxial bending strength of silicon dies to avoid the die edge effect of the three-point bending tests. However, from the literature, when the relatively thin silicon dies are tested, this test suffers from a contact-nonlinearity effect, due to a maximum applied stress moving away from the loading pin center before the specimen failure, and thus results in overestimated maximum stress calculated by the theoretical linear solution. This study aims to investigate this mechanical issue experimentally, theoretically and numerically by taking into account the specimen material anisotropy and thickness effects on the maximum stresses and deflections, and then propose new correction factor equations to the theoretical linear solutions, based on the numerical fitting results of the geometric nonlinear finite element solutions. Those correction factor equations proposed in this study are material-property independent, but specimen thickness dependent, which can be estimated by an interpolation function. It has been proved that the BoR test using the conventional theory associated with the proposed correction factor equations can successfully determine the bending strength of the thin silicon dies on untreated surfaces, which mostly fails in the contact-nonlinear region.
Effectiveness of the Original Monovalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines in Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults With Disabilities: VISION Network, June 2021-September 2022
Authors: Patel Palak , Schrader Kristin E , Rice Catherine E , Rowley Elizabeth , Cree Robyn A , DeSilva Malini B , Embi Peter J , Gaglani Manjusha , Grannis Shaun J , Ong Toan C , Stenehjem Edward , Naleway Allison L , Ball Sarah , Natarajan Karthik , Klein Nicola P , Adams Katherine , Kharbanda Anupam , Ray Caitlin , Link-Gelles Ruth , Tenforde Mark W
Published: September 2023

Adults with disabilities are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using data across 9 states during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods (June 2021–September 2022), we evaluated the effectiveness of the original monovalent COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines among 521 206 emergency department/urgent care encounters (11 471 [2%] in patients with a documented disability) and 139 548 hospitalizations (16 569 [12%] in patients with a disability) for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness in adults (aged ≥18 years). Across variant periods and for the primary series or booster doses, vaccine effectiveness was similar in those with and those without a disability. These findings highlight the importance of adults with disabilities staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Pulmonary Leiomyoma in a Patient With Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Ulicny Joseph , Thuzar Moe , Aguiar Roberto Silva , Sharkey Sarah , Zhang Frank , Chambers David , Malek Alexandre E
Published: September 2023

We report an Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumor in an adult male with AIDS. The patient had multiple lung nodules seen on computed tomography of the chest and an endobronchial lung tumor identified on bronchoscopy. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy slowed the progression of the tumors.
The Political Psychology of Gender
Authors: Schneider Monica C. , Bos Angela L.
Published: September 2023

The goal of this chapter is to underscore how political psychology contributes to our understandings of how gender, a social construction tied to power, influences how one understands and experiences politics. We present theoretical frameworks for understanding gender and gender socialization, key measures in the field, and review empirical tests of these frameworks within the study of political socialization, public opinion, political behavior, elite behavior, and leader evaluation. The chapter highlights how political psychologists are well situated theoretically, substantively, and methodologically to address key questions in gender and politics. We highlight how the field can push forward in promising ways by broadening the definition of gender/sex and challenging the gender binary, directly testing psychological theories regarding how gender shapes the behavior of women as political actors and the evaluations of women as political leaders, and deepening the field’s emphasis on intersectional identities.