bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of L-carnitine supplementation on gastric emptying and bowel function in pediatric ketogenic diet therapy: a clinical trial
Authors: Nassar May Fouad , Shata Mennatallah Osama , Awadallah Shrouk Mohamed , Youssef Mennatallah Ayman , Ibrahim Haya Essam
Published: November 2024

Ketogenic diet (KD) is an excess fat, enough protein, and minimal carbohydrate diet. The high fat content in KD lowers the oesophageal sphincter tone, slows gastric emptying, and decreases intestinal transit time. The primary aim of the current clinical trial was to study the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on gastric emptying in children with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) on KD. Assessment of the protective effect of L-carnitine on bowel function and habits in those patients was a secondary aim. The current study recruited 30 patients aged 12 months to 18 years newly diagnosed with DRE assigned to start KD who were following up at the Pediatric Clinical Nutrition and Neurology Outpatient Clinics or were admitted due to DRE at the Pediatric Neurology Inpatient Department, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University (Egypt). Participants were assigned randomly into 2 arms; arm I: received KD with L-carnitine supplementation, arm II: received KD only. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of starting KD, the assessments of children included: 24-hour dietary recall, Chalfont Seizures Severity Scale, gastrointestinal symptoms score and Bristol stool chart, frequency of defecation per week, anthropometric measurements assessment, fasting serum lipid profile and measurement of the antral length by ultrasound. There was significant increase in antral length in the patients who received KD with L-carnitine supplementation compared to the non-supplemented group. The antral length showed a significant negative correlation with GI symptoms score in all cases and the L-carnitine supplemented group. It also showed a significant positive correlation with Bristol stool score in all patients and a significant positive correlation with stool frequency in the L-carnitine supplemented group only. L-carnitine supplementation to children with DRE on KD has a significant role in improving gastric motility and it increases the frequency of defecation. Further studies are recommended to explore additional benefits, meanwhile it is prudent to advise L-carnitine supplementation for such patients.
Exploring peptide dendrimers for intestinal lymphatic targeting: formulation and evaluation of peptide dendrimer conjugated liposomes for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Asenapine maleate
Authors: Shreya Ajjappla Basavaraj , Pandey Abhijeet , Kulkarni Sanjay , Bhaskar K Vijaya , Parekh Harendra S. , Mutalik Srinivas
Published: November 2024

Asenapine maleate (ASPM) is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic that is approved for treating acute schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in adults by the US FDA. The major downside of ASPM therapy is rapid, extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism following its oral administration with a very low oral bioavailability of < 2%. In this work, we developed ASPM nanoformulations conjugated with ligands such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and peptide dendrimers (PDs) with the intention of improving the oral bioavailability of the drug by targeting it to the intestinal lymphatic system (ILS). Peptide dendrimers (PDs), both lipidated and nonlipidated, were synthesized by Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Reverse phase high performance chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to purify the synthesized PDs, and the PDs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI+-MS), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thin film hydration method was used to prepare liposomes, and the process variables affecting the liposome parameters were optimized using the Box‒Behnken design (BBD).Liposomes were PEGylated using DSPE-PEG-COOH2000 and further conjugated with ligands (RGD, PD-1 and PD-2) using EDC-NHS chemistry. The formulation was characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. In vitro, cell line studies, such as cytotoxicity, cell uptake, uptake mechanism, and receptor saturation studies, were performed on both Caco2 and Raji-B cells. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the developed liposomal formulation were evaluated using pharmacokinetic studies on Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats. The psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity model was used to evaluate the pharmacodynamic performance of the developed formulations by measuring the reversal of hyperlocomotor activity induced by levodopa-carbidopa.
Multi-step thermal design of microwave vacuum heating to basaltic regolith simulant towards lunar base construction
Authors: Kato Kunihiko , Shirai Takashi
Published: November 2024

Humanned exploration and extended stay on the Moon are the hottest challenges today. We report highly robust materials by microwave heating under high-vacuum conditions (10− 3 Pa) from a basaltic regolith simulant (FJS-1) to ensure the feasibility of lunar infrastructure construction. The violent degassing dynamics were revealed by monitoring vacuum pressure during heating and analyzing the compounds evolved from basaltic silicate compounds: thermal pyrolysis of silicate compounds became more pronounced above 1000 oC, leading to a catastrophic deformation accompanied by forming countless pores of several hundred µm sizes. The preferential formation of the magnetite phase in vacuum heating dominantly caused the radical change in microwave absorption capacity compared with conventional heating routes using an electrical furnace in atmospheric conditions. Besides, the in-situ measurement of dielectric properties during microwave vacuum heating clarified the increase in one order of magnitude from 100 to 1000 oC. Based on the presumed phenomena during microwave-vacuum heating for basaltic regolith, we propose a new thermal design concept to overcome the practical limitations of microwave technology. The multi-step temperature profile successfully fabricated a highly robust product that demonstrated world-class mechanical performance, equivalent to the compressive strength of 65 MPa without any vigorous hydrostatic cold press as a pre-treatment.
Integrating deep learning for visual question answering in Agricultural Disease Diagnostics: Case Study of Wheat Rust
Authors: Nanavaty Akash , Sharma Rishikesh , Pandita Bhuman , Goyal Ojasva , Rallapalli Srinivas , Mandal Murari , Singh Vaibhav Kumar , Narang Pratik , Chamola Vinay
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to agricultural disease diagnostics through the integration of Deep Learning (DL) techniques with Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems, specifically targeting the detection of wheat rust. Wheat rust is a pervasive and destructive disease that significantly impacts wheat production worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods often require expert knowledge and time-consuming processes, making rapid and accurate detection challenging. We drafted a new, WheatRustDL2024 dataset (7998 images of healthy and infected leaves) specifically designed for VQA in the context of wheat rust detection and utilized it to retrieve the initial weights on the federated learning server. This dataset comprises high-resolution images of wheat plants, annotated with detailed questions and answers pertaining to the presence, type, and severity of rust infections. Our dataset also contains images collected from various sources and successfully highlights a wide range of conditions (different lighting, obstructions in the image, etc.) in which a wheat image may be taken, therefore making a generalized universally applicable model. The trained model was federated using Flower. Following extensive analysis, the chosen central model was ResNet. Our fine-tuned ResNet achieved an accuracy of 97.69% on the existing data. We also implemented the BLIP (Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training) methods that enable the model to understand complex visual and textual inputs, thereby improving the accuracy and relevance of the generated answers. The dual attention mechanism, combined with BLIP techniques, allows the model to simultaneously focus on relevant image regions and pertinent parts of the questions. We also created a custom dataset (WheatRustVQA) with our augmented dataset containing 1800 augmented images and their associated question-answer pairs. The model fetches an answer with an average BLEU score of 0.6235 on our testing partition of the dataset. This federated model is lightweight and can be seamlessly integrated into mobile phones, drones, etc. without any hardware requirement. Our results indicate that integrating deep learning with VQA for agricultural disease diagnostics not only accelerates the detection process but also reduces dependency on human experts, making it a valuable tool for farmers and agricultural professionals. This approach holds promise for broader applications in plant pathology and precision agriculture and can consequently address food security issues.
Age-dependent cerebral vasodilation induced by volatile anesthetics is mediated by NG2+ vascular mural cells
Authors: Zhou Hang , Neudecker Viola , Perez-Zoghbi Jose F. , Brambrink Ansgar M. , Yang Guang
Published: November 2024

Anesthesia can influence cerebral blood flow by altering vessel diameter. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we examined the effects of volatile anesthetics, sevoflurane and isoflurane, on vessel diameter in young and adult mice. Our results show that these anesthetics induce robust dilation of cortical arterioles and arteriole-proximate capillaries in adult mice, with milder effects in juveniles and no dilation in infants. This anesthesia-induced vasodilation correlates with decreased cytosolic Ca2+ levels in NG2+ vascular mural cells. Optogenetic manipulation of these cells bidirectionally regulates vessel diameter, and their ablation abolishes the vasodilatory response to anesthetics. In immature brains, NG2+ mural cells are fewer in number and express lower levels of Kir6.1, a subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. This likely contributes to the age-dependent differences in vasodilation, as Kir6.1 activation promotes, while its inhibition reduces, anesthesia-induced vasodilation. These findings highlight the essential role of NG2+ mural cells in mediating anesthesia-induced cerebral vasodilation.
Efficient generation of protein pockets with PocketGen
Authors: Zhang Zaixi , Shen Wan Xiang , Liu Qi , Zitnik Marinka
Published: November 2024

Designing protein-binding proteins is critical for drug discovery. However, artificial-intelligence-based design of such proteins is challenging due to the complexity of protein–ligand interactions, the flexibility of ligand molecules and amino acid side chains, and sequence–structure dependencies. We introduce PocketGen, a deep generative model that produces residue sequence and atomic structure of the protein regions in which ligand interactions occur. PocketGen promotes consistency between protein sequence and structure by using a graph transformer for structural encoding and a sequence refinement module based on a protein language model. The graph transformer captures interactions at multiple scales, including atom, residue and ligand levels. For sequence refinement, PocketGen integrates a structural adapter into the protein language model, ensuring that structure-based predictions align with sequence-based predictions. PocketGen can generate high-fidelity protein pockets with enhanced binding affinity and structural validity. It operates ten times faster than physics-based methods and achieves a 97% success rate, defined as the percentage of generated pockets with higher binding affinity than reference pockets. Additionally, it attains an amino acid recovery rate exceeding 63%.
Differentiation signals induce APOBEC3A expression via GRHL3 in squamous epithelia and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Smith Nicola J , Reddin Ian , Policelli Paige , Oh Sunwoo , Zainal Nur , Howes Emma , Jenkins Benjamin , Tracy Ian , Edmond Mark , Sharpe Benjamin , Amendra Damian , Zheng Ke , Egawa Nagayasu , Doorbar John , Rao Anjali , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Carpenter Michael A , Harris Reuben S , Ali Simak , Hanley Christopher , Buisson Rémi , King Emma , Thomas Gareth J , Fenton Tim R
Published: November 2024

Two APOBEC DNA cytosine deaminase enzymes, APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, generate somatic mutations in cancer, thereby driving tumour development and drug resistance. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to study APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B expression in healthy and malignant mucosal epithelia, validating key observations with immunohistochemistry, spatial transcriptomics and functional experiments. Whereas APOBEC3B is expressed in keratinocytes entering mitosis, we show that APOBEC3A expression is confined largely to terminally differentiating cells and requires grainyhead-like transcription factor 3 (GRHL3). Thus, in normal tissue, neither deaminase appears to be expressed at high levels during DNA replication, the cell-cycle stage associated with APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis. In contrast, in squamous cell carcinoma we find that, there is expansion of GRHL3expression and activity to a subset of cells undergoing DNA replication and concomitant extension of APOBEC3A expression to proliferating cells. These findings suggest that APOBEC3A may play a functional role during keratinocyte differentiation, and offer a mechanism for acquisition of APOBEC3A mutagenic activity in tumours.
The Dystrophin-Dystroglycan complex ensures cytokinesis efficiency in Drosophila epithelia
Authors: Gonçalves Margarida , Lopes Catarina , Alégot Hervé , Osswald Mariana , Bosveld Floris , Ramos Carolina , Richard Graziella , Bellaiche Yohanns , Mirouse Vincent , Morais-de-Sá Eurico
Published: November 2024

Cytokinesis physically separates daughter cells at the end of cell division. This step is particularly challenging for epithelial cells, which are connected to their neighbors and to the extracellular matrix by transmembrane protein complexes. To systematically evaluate the impact of the cell adhesion machinery on epithelial cytokinesis efficiency, we performed an RNAi-based modifier screen in the Drosophila follicular epithelium. Strikingly, this unveiled adhesion molecules and transmembrane receptors that facilitate cytokinesis completion. Among these is Dystroglycan, which connects the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via Dystrophin. Live imaging revealed that Dystrophin and Dystroglycan become enriched in the ingressing membrane, below the cytokinetic ring, during and after ring constriction. Using multiple alleles, including Dystrophin isoform-specific mutants, we show that Dystrophin/Dystroglycan localization is linked with unanticipated roles in regulating cytokinetic ring contraction and in preventing membrane regression during the abscission period. Altogether, we provide evidence that, rather than opposing cytokinesis completion, the machinery involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions has also evolved functions to ensure cytokinesis efficiency in epithelial tissues.
Subcellular mRNA kinetic modeling reveals nuclear retention as rate-limiting
Authors: Steinbrecht David , Minia Igor , Milek Miha , Meisig Johannes , Blüthgen Nils , Landthaler Markus
Published: November 2024

Eukaryotic mRNAs are transcribed, processed, translated, and degraded in different subcellular compartments. Here, we measured mRNA flow rates between subcellular compartments in mouse embryonic stem cells. By combining metabolic RNA labeling, biochemical fractionation, mRNA sequencing, and mathematical modeling, we determined the half-lives of nuclear pre-, nuclear mature, cytosolic, and membrane-associated mRNAs from over 9000 genes. In addition, we estimated transcript elongation rates. Many matured mRNAs have long nuclear half-lives, indicating nuclear retention as the rate-limiting step in the flow of mRNAs. In contrast, mRNA transcripts coding for transcription factors show fast kinetic rates, and in particular short nuclear half-lives. Differentially localized mRNAs have distinct rate constant combinations, implying modular regulation. Membrane stability is high for membrane-localized mRNA and cytosolic stability is high for cytosol-localized mRNA. mRNAs encoding target signals for membranes have low cytosolic and high membrane half-lives with minor differences between signals. Transcripts of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins have long nuclear retention and cytoplasmic kinetics that do not reflect co-translational targeting. Our data and analyses provide a useful resource to study spatiotemporal gene expression regulation.
The Potential of Bacterial Nanocellulose-based Hydrogels and Their Nanocomposites as Coating Materials in Regenerative Biomedicine
Authors: Sharma Chhavi , Potdar Pravin , Kumar Samit , Gautam Sneh , Pathak Puneet
Published: November 2024

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) hydrogels have gained acceptance for various biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, renewability, and safety profile, coupled with reasonable tensile strength and thermal stability. Because of its exceptional framework (hydrophilic reactive groups) and nano dimensions, BNC can preserve the hydrogel’s 3-D structure to a significant extent, providing mechanical strength while retaining moisture content. Surface-functionalization of BNC is a crucial step rendering it more active and efficient as a biocompatible hydrogel scaffolding surface for various regenerative biomedical applications. These BNC-based hydrogels and their nanocomposites have enabled significant advances in tissue engineering, drug carriers, surgical dressings, generation of medical implants, cancer therapy, 3D printing, and biosensing due to their unique properties. However, BNC functionalization with other biopolymers, nanoparticles, and natural materials like bio-extracts needs further in-depth investigation as there is a need to develop many more appropriate novel composites for various biomedical applications. This chapter offers a comprehensive update on research from the last five years related to bacterial nanocellulose hydrogels and their functionalized nanocomposites/coatings for various regenerative biomedical applications including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and advanced cancer therapy.
Theory and computation of nuclear shielding
Authors: Kupka Teobald
Published: November 2024

Coupled Cluster approach with singles and doubles and perturbatively included triples, CCSD(T) is still too expensive to model NMR parameters of middle and larger size molecules. Some calculations are additionally improved by inclusion of ro-vibrational (ZPVC), temperature (TC) or relativistic corrections to the results of non-relativistic computations. The progress in theoretical methodology and software will also be briefly mentioned.
Nuclear spin relaxation
Authors: Tayler Michael C. D.
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores current theoretical and experimental trends in nuclear spin relaxation, providing a digest of around 100 research papers published between 2022 and mid 2023. As is customary, this deliberately excludes the latest literature to capture trends and insights that have developed after publication. Throughout, emphasis is placed on a few topics: (1) relaxation in systems that exhibit enhanced nuclear spin polarization, through techniques like dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization that have revolutionized signal-to-noise ratios in NMR and MRI; (2) relaxation in liquids at low and ultralow magnetic fields, where interest is drawn towards new mechanisms and applications in biomolecular systems; (3) long-lived spin states, a relaxation methodology that is complementary to the usual T1 and T2 approaches, which always seems to be applied in molecules with increasing complexity and relevance to biochemistry. Conventional study areas are also reviewed, grouped by phase of matter (solid, liquid, gas, mixtures) and technique (theory/modeling, experiment: solvent-relaxation, co-solute relaxation, relaxation-dispersion mapping, and fast-field cycling).
Hyperpolarisation techniques
Authors: Equbal Asif , Mewis Ryan E.
Published: November 2024

This chapter focuses on the literature published in 2023 covering hyperpolarisation techniques associated with NMR. The literature reviewed relates to the hyperpolarisation techniques of Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation (DNP), Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP), Parahydrogen Induced Polarisation (PHIP) and Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE). In addition to reviewing studies that have been conducted using these techniques, a number of reports are discussed that relate to advances in associated hardware and instrumentation.
NMR of proteins and nucleic acids
Authors: Andrew Atkinson R.
Published: November 2024

A review of key publications from 2023, describing methodological developments and research applications of NMR of proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly novel approaches and reports of exceptional interest are highlighted.
Prussian blue-doped CaCO3 nanoparticle-labeled secondary antibodies for electrochemical immunoassay of interleukin-6 with migraine patients
Authors: Chen Zhong , He Wenhui , Lin Renhe , Wu Dongzhi , Jiang Xiaoling , Cheng Yunfan
Published: November 2024

This work designed an electrochemical immunoassay for interleukin-6 on functionalized glassy carbon electrode using Prussian blue-doped CaCO3 nanoparticle-labeled secondary antibodies.
Aptasensor based on entropy-driven catalytic amplification system for the sensitive detection of acetamiprid in Chinese herbal medicine
Authors: Qin Na , Yang Sunlei , Li Rui , Zhan Hongyun , Wang Lijuan , Li Fengyun , Liu Jingbo
Published: November 2024

Schematic of the aptasensor for the detection of acetamiprid based on the entropy catalytic amplification system.
Electrochemically self-driven integration of FeSe/FeS heterostructures for enhanced sodium storage and rapid kinetics
Authors: Li Hui , Fan Yanchen , Han Guangshuai , Zhang Xin , Ben Haoxi , Xiong Claire (Hui) , Ma Chunrong , Li Zhaoying
Published: November 2024

An in situ electrochemical method is proposed to integrate FeSe/FeS heterostructures into a 3D S-doped carbon framework, enhancing sodium storage capacity and kinetics.
Feasibility of controlled nitric oxide generation via ascorbate induced chemical reduction of nitrite ions
Authors: Naldrett Hannah J. , Fekete Csilla , Bartlett Robert H. , Benkő Zoltán , Schwendeman Steven P. , Lautner Gergely
Published: November 2024

Controlled generation of nitric oxide (NO) by continuous infusion of nitrite ions into an ascorbate-reduced copper catalyst mediator.
Cracking down on vapochromic salts: unveiling vapomechanical stress in gas-sorbing platinum complexes
Authors: Norton Amie E. , Taylor Stephen D. , Williams Caroline , Zoller Ann , Dietrich Watts , Connick William B. , Chatterjee Sayandev
Published: November 2024

This study examines the vapochromic and vapoluminescent behaviors of [Pt(tpy)Cl]PF6 host molecules (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) in acetonitrile (CH3CN) vapor, questioning the notion that these effects arise only from direct host–guest interactions.
A comprehensive survey of Mn(i) carbonyls as CO-releasing molecules reported over the last two decades
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. , Khaled Rabaa M. , Shehab Ola R.
Published: November 2024

An overview of the CO releasing properties and biological applications (antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity) of manganese(i) carbonyl complexes.
Contribution of radiative rate constants to crystallization-induced emission enhancement in boron-fused azobenzene complexes
Authors: Nakamura Masashi , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo
Published: November 2024

Acceleration phenomenon of the radiative process originating from intermolecular interactions in CIEE-active crystals was clarified at 77 K.
Supramolecular bidentate rhodium(i) or iridium(i) phosphine and oxazoline amino acid bioconjugates as selective catalysts for enantioselective reactions
Authors: Bakija Marija , Opačak Saša , Perić Berislav , Chakrabortty Soumyadeep , Dell'Acqua Andrea , Baráth Eszter , de Vries Johannes G. , Tin Sergey , Kirin Srećko I.
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular Rh(i) and Ir(i) catalysts were applied in enantioselective hydrogenation and hydroformylation. The presence of a heteroleptic rhodium precatalytic complex with bioconjugate ligands, SupraPHOX, has been confirmed spectroscopically.
A carrageenan-induced highly stable Zn anode by regulating interface chemistry
Authors: Xu Yan , Guo Zhaohe , Xu Xuena , Shi Liluo , Mo Xueyao , Li Lu , Sun Limei , Wan Hongri , Song Ming
Published: November 2024

The modified Zn2+ solvation structure and generated SEI by carrageenan facilitate uniform Zn deposition oriented along the (002) plane.
Visualizing supramolecular assembly behavior, stimulus response, and solid state emission of higher-order Pt2+ aggregates
Authors: Li Jing , Xu Bao-Sen , Yi Shao-Zhe , Zhang Xing-Long , Zhao Le-Le , Meng Yu , Wang Wen-Jin , Li Bao-Ning
Published: November 2024

A cationic platinum(ii) complex combined with a silver cluster counterpart forms a highly efficient red tetramer aggregate with tunable emission.
Integration of metal–organic frameworks and clay toward functional composite materials
Authors: Chakraborty Anindita , Jyoti  , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: November 2024

A concise review is presented on MOF–clay composites, which have recently emerged as a new class of functional composites with enhanced properties and applications.
Electron transfer kinetics of a series of copper complexes with tripodal tetradentate guanidine quinolinyl ligands
Authors: Seitz Tobias , Walbeck Marcel , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres-Pawlis Sonja
Published: November 2024

New copper(i) and copper(ii) complexes with tripodal tetradentate guanidine quinolinyl ligands and their electron transfer kinetics are presented.
Advancing energetic chemistry: the first synthesis of sulfur-based C–C bonded thiadiazole-pyrazine compounds with a nitrimino moiety
Authors: Kumar Parasar , Ghule Vikas D. , Dharavath Srinivas
Published: November 2024

Sulfur-based energetic materials 3 to 7 were synthesized considering the limited availability of structural combinations of polynitrogen- and oxygen-based organic scaffolds, thereby advancing their limits.
Payback trade-offs from the electrolyte design between energy efficiency and lifespan in zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan , Dong Haobo , Su Chang , Dai Yuhang , Liu Yiyang , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. , He Guanjie
Published: November 2024

The payback period is a critical indicator when adopting energy storage systems. When developing optimization strategies for emerging energy storage technologies such as aqueous zinc-ion batteries, their economic feasibility should be considered.
Ongoing large ozone depletion in the polar lower stratospheres: the role of increased water vapour
Authors: Chipperfield Martyn P. , Heddell Saffron G. , Dhomse Sandip S. , Feng Wuhu , Chang Shujie , Mann Graham , Zhou Xin , Pumphrey Hugh C.
Published: November 2024

We use the TOMCAT 3-D atmospheric model to investigate the impacts of a Hunga-like volcanic eruption preceding a very cold Arctic winter such as that of 2019/2020, on ozone. Around an additional 16 DU of ozone depletion would occur in mid-March.
Green aromatic aldehyde production from biomass via catalytic fractionation and ozonolysis
Authors: Ren Tianyu , Li Peidong , He Zhuo , Pan Xinfeng , Yang Yutao , Liao Yuhe , Wang Haiyong , Cui Yanbin , Wang Chenguang
Published: November 2024

We report a strategy for converting native lignin into unsaturated monomers over MoO2 at 160–180 °C, which are subsequently converted into vanillin and syringaldehyde.
Automated Dynamic Inlet Microfluidics (ADIM) system: cost-effective biaxial nanoliter droplet on demand generation platform and its application in agglutination assays
Authors: Zia Abdul Basit , Foulds Ian G.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a Prusa Mini+ 3D printer's adaptation for a lab-in-tubing system with an integration of 3D printed modules, capable of producing varied monodispersed droplets from multiple Eppendorf tubes with desired volumes and frequency.
Cu-incorporated NH2-MIL-125(Ti): a versatile visible-light-driven platform for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation and CO2 photoconversion
Authors: Pancielejko Anna , Baluk Mateusz A. , Zagórska Hanna , Miodyńska-Melzer Magdalena , Gołąbiewska Anna , Klimczuk Tomasz , Krawczyk Mirosław , Pawlyta Mirosława , Matus Krzysztof , Mikolajczyk Alicja , Pinto Henry P. , Pieczyńska Aleksandra , Dołżonek Joanna , Zaleska-Medynska Adriana
Published: November 2024

Here, we present for the first time an efficient platform for simultaneous H2 generation and CO2 conversion into HCOOH, utilizing a Cu-incorporated NH2-MIL-125(Ti) material with triethanolamine as the sacrificial agent.
Electrochemical advanced oxidation combined to electro-Fenton for effective treatment of perfluoroalkyl substances “PFAS” in water using a Magnéli phase-based anode
Authors: Gomri Chaimaa , Makhoul Elissa , Koundia Fatou Niang , Petit Eddy , Raffy Stéphane , Bechelany Mikhael , Semsarilar Mona , Cretin Marc
Published: November 2024

This study investigates PFOA and PFOS degradation using a Ti4O7 anode in electro-oxidation/electro-Fenton processes. The combined treatment achieved 92% PFOA removal and complete PFOS removal in 5 hours, showing potential for large-scale applications.
Study of two benzophenone-based difluoroboron compounds containing triphenylamine units: mechanofluorochromic behavior and latent fingerprint imaging
Authors: Zhang Bangcui , Chen Chunlin , Tian Jiazhuang , Gao Shulin , Yang Yanhua , Li Xiangguang , Zhang Jin
Published: November 2024

Compounds TPA-BP-BF2-1 and TPA-BP-BF2-2 with AIE properties could be used in LFP imaging. Compound TPA-BP-BF2-2 was explored as a sample LED paint-coating owing to its reversible MFC behavior.
Regioselective alkenylation of masked carboxylic acid derivatives of coumarins with acrylates via oxidative C(sp2)–C(sp2) cross-coupling
Authors: Chaitanya Kalakonda Raga , Ambala Srinivas , Kodiripaka Bheeshma Geetanjali , Babu Bathini Nagendra
Published: November 2024

Regio-selective C–H alkenylation reaction with acrylates by a rhodium-catalyzed reaction of PMS (phenylmethyl sulfoximine) directed 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives.
Biological activity of vanadium pincer complexes
Authors: Delgado-Rangel Luis Humberto , Reyes-Márquez Viviana , Moreno-Narváez María Esther , Aragón-Muriel Alberto , Parra-Unda Jesús R. , Cruz-Navarro J. Antonio , Martínez-Torres Mayra A. , Valdés Hugo , Morales-Morales David
Published: November 2024

The synergistic combination of vanadium and pincer ligands produces complexes with potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and anticancer activities with enhanced stability, improved bioavailability, and greater specificity.
Human microbiota peptides: important roles in human health
Authors: Shah Abdul Bari , Shim Sang Hee
Published: November 2024

This review highlights the functions of bioactive peptides derived from human microbiota in various health issues including antimicrobial defense and resistance, thereby facilitating the development of personalised healthcare strategies.
Synthetic versatility: the C–P bond odyssey
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Yinan , Deng Zixin , Gao Jiangtao
Published: November 2024

The review thoroughly examines recent progress in C–P bond formation reactions and considers the future directions in this area of research.
Nano–bio interactions and drug delivery using soft nanoparticles: a new paradigm in pharmaceutical cargo release
Authors: Singh Rohini , Long Fei Rui , Saini Anjali , Joma Natali , Basu Abhirup , Mahmoudi Morteza , Vali Hojatollah , Kakkar Ashok
Published: November 2024

.An understanding of the structure-property relationships in protein corona build-up on nanoparticles and its impact on pharmaceutical cargo release kinetics, is crucial for tuning therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines.
Viscoelasticity of globular protein-based biomolecular condensates
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Obermeyer Allie C.
Published: November 2024

Dynamic light scattering microrheology unveils the impact of folded protein domains on biomolecular condensate viscoelasticity across multiple time scales.
Online reprogramming electronic bits for N dimension fractal soft deformable structures
Authors: Bin Fengjiao , Meng Jiaxu , Chen Wei , Lou Ruishen , Li Xu , Sun Jiangman , Jing Shikai , Xiao Dengbao
Published: November 2024

Inspired by the complex fractal morphologies and deformations observed in animals and plants, an N-dimensional soft structure composed of stretchable electronic bits has been developed.
Finite element modelling of atomic force microscopy imaging on deformable surfaces
Authors: Giblin-Burnham Joshua , Javanmardi Yousef , Moeendarbary Emad , Hoogenboom Bart W.
Published: November 2024

Finite element modelling provides predictions for the appearance of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, considering how a sample surface may be compressed by the AFM tip, with samples ranging from simple geometries to individual biomolecules.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of NiSbS/NiSb/NiS nanocomposites anchored on graphite nanosheets for sodium-ion battery applications
Authors: Huang Shandong , Feng Dong , Zhu Yuanzhi , Ding Yihong , Xie Delong , Mei Yi , Zeng Tianbiao
Published: November 2024

A novel Ni-Sb-S/GN multiphase metal sulfide with long cycling life for sodium-ion battery anodes was designed and synthesized based on guidance from DFT calculations.
Differential Impacts of Anticipated Success on Employment Outcomes Among Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Jacobs Molly , Gerlach-Houck Hope , Briley Patrick
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Stuttering is associated with disparities in labor market outcomes among young adults, but little is known about how labor market outcomes associated with stuttering change over time. Therefore, this study characterized longitudinal associations between stuttering and early life expectations, job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and income.

Method:

The analysis used data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, which contained 16,653 individuals aged 18–43 years interviewed over 18 years. First, regression models evaluated the likelihood of employment between people who stutter (PWS) and people who do not stutter (PWNS). Second, conditional on employment, two-stage likelihood models quantified differences in their job satisfaction, receipt of employer-provided insurance benefits, and earned income, controlling for age, sex, race, and household characteristics. Finally, the relationship between their reported education and income expectations and these employment outcomes was evaluated.

Results:

Although stuttering was not related to the likelihood of working or receiving employer-provided benefits, PWS were 20%–22% (
SE
= 0.06–0.07) less likely to be satisfied with their jobs than PWNS, and dissatisfaction increased with age. Additionally, the odds of earning a higher income were significantly lower for PWS than for PWNS. PWS who anticipated attending college and earning a middle-class income were more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and earn a higher income. However, PWS were less likely to expect that they would earn a middle-class income (PWNS: 46.4%, PWS: 36.3%) or graduate from college (PWNS: 70.9%, PWS: 58.4%) compared to PWNS.

Conclusions:

Labor market inequities associated with stuttering persist and increase with age. PWS have significantly lower expectations for their likelihood of future success, and these expectations predict their future occupational outcomes.
The Milky Way accretion history compared to cosmological simulations
Authors: Hammer F. , Jiao Y. J. , Mamon G. A. , Yang Y. B. , Akib I. , Amram P. , Wang H. F. , Wang J. L. , Chemin L.
Published: November 2024

Galactic halos are known to grow hierarchically, inside out. This implies a correlation between the infall lookback time of satellites and their binding energy. Cosmological simulations predict a linear relation between the infall lookback time and the logarithm of the binding energy, with a small scatter. Gaia measurements of the bulk proper motions of globular clusters and dwarf satellites of the Milky Way are sufficiently accurate to establish the kinetic energies of these systems. Assuming the gravitational potential of the Milky Way, we can deduce the binding energies of the dwarf satellites and those of the galaxies that were previously accreted by the Milky Way. This can be compared to cosmological simulations for the first time. The relation of the infall lookback time versus binding energy we found in a cosmological simulation matches that for the early accretion events when the simulated total Milky Way mass within 21 kpc was rescaled to 2 × 1011 M⊙. This agrees well with previous estimates from globular cluster kinematics and from the rotation curve. However, the vast majority of the dwarf galaxies are clear outliers to this rescaled relation, unless they are very recent infallers. In other words, the very low binding energies of most dwarf galaxies compared to Sgr and previous accreted galaxies suggests that most of them were accreted much later than 8 or even 5 Gyr ago. We also found that the subhalo systems in some cosmological simulations are too dynamically hot when they are compared to identified Milky Way substructures. This leads to an overestimated impact of satellites on the Galaxy rotation curve.
Magnetic field of the roAp star KIC 10685175: Observations versus theory
Authors: Shi Fangfei , Zhang Huawei , Hubrig Swetlana , Järvinen Silva , Chen Huiling , Cang Tianqi , Fu Jianning , Kurtz Donald
Published: November 2024

Context. KIC 10685175 is a roAp star whose polar magnetic field is predicted to be 6 kG through a nonadiabatic axisymmetric pulsation theoretical model.

Aims. In this work, we aim to measure the magnetic field strength of KIC 10685175 using high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations, and compare it with the one predicted by the theoretical model.

Methods. Two high-resolution unpolarized spectra have been analyzed to ascertain the presence of magnetically split lines and derive the iron abundance of this star through equivalent width measurements of 10 Fe lines. One polarized spectrum has been used to measure the mean longitudinal magnetic field with the least-squares deconvolution technique. Further, to examine the presence of chemical spots on the stellar surface, we have measured the mean longitudinal magnetic fields using different lines belonging to different elements.

Results. From the study of two high-resolution unpolarized spectra, we obtained the spectroscopic atmospheric parameters including the effective temperature (Teff), surface gravity (log 𝑔), iron abundance ([Fe/H]), abundance ratio of alpha elements to iron ([α/Fe]), and micro-turbulent velocity (Vmic). The final result is [Teff, log g, [Fe/H], [α/Fe], Vmic)]=[8250 ± 200 K, 4.4 ± 0.1, −0.4 ± 0.2, 0.16 ± 0.1, 1.73 ± 0.2 km s−1]. Although the Fe absorption lines appear relatively weak in comparison to typical Ap stars with similar Teff, the lines belonging to rare earth elements (Eu and Nd) are stronger than those in chemically normal stars, indicating the peculiar nature of KIC 10685175. The mean longitudinal magnetic field, 〈Bℓ〉 = −226 ± 39 G, was measured in the polarized spectrum, but magnetically split lines were not detected. No significant line profile variability is evident in our spectra. Also, the longitudinal magnetic field strengths measured using line masks constructed for different elements are rather similar. Due to the poor rotation phase coverage of our data, additional spectroscopic and polarimetric observations are needed to allow us to come to any conclusions about the inhomogeneous element distribution over the stellar surface.

Conclusions. The estimated polar magnetic field is 4.8 ± 0.8 kG, which is consistent with the predicted polar magnetic field strength of about 6kG within 3σ. This work therefore provides support for the pulsation theoretical model.
EWOCS-III: JWST observations of the supermassive star cluster Westerlund 1
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Almendros-Abad V. , Lovell J. B. , Monsch K. , Mužić K. , Martínez-Galarza J. R. , Drake J. J. , Anastasopoulou K. , Andersen M. , Argiroffi C. , Bayo A. , Bonito R. , Capela D. , Damiani F. , Gennaro M. , Ginsburg A. , Grebel E. K. , Hora J. L. , Moraux E. , Najarro F. , Negueruela I. , Prisinzano L. , Richardson N. D. , Ritchie B. , Robberto M. , Rom T. , Sabbi E. , Sciortino S. , Umana G. , Winter A. , Wright N. J. , Zeidler P.
Published: November 2024

Context. The typically large distances, extinction, and crowding of Galactic supermassive star clusters (stellar clusters more massive than 104 M⊙) have so far hampered the identification of their very low mass members, required to extend our understanding of star and planet formation, and early stellar evolution, to the extremely energetic star-forming environment typical of starbursts. This situation has now evolved thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and its unmatched resolution and sensitivity in the infrared.

Aims. In this paper, the third of the series of the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS), we present JWST/NIRCam and JWST/MIRI observations of the supermassive star cluster Westerlund 1. These observations are specifically designed to unveil the cluster members down to the brown dwarf mass regime, and to allow us to select and study the protoplane-tary disks in the cluster and to study the mutual feedback between the cluster members and the surrounding environment.

Methods. Westerlund 1 was observed as part of JWST GO-1905 for 23.6 hours. The data have been reduced using the JWST calibration pipeline, together with specific tools necessary to remove artifacts, such as the 1 /f random noise in NIRCam images. Source identification and photometry were performed with DOLPHOT.

Results. The MIRI images show a plethora of different features. Diffuse nebular emission is observed around the cluster, which is typically composed of myriads of droplet-like features pointing toward the cluster center or the group of massive stars surrounding the Wolf–Rayet star W72/A. A long pillar is also observed in the northwest. The MIRI images also show resolved shells and outflows surrounding the M-type supergiants W20, W26, W75, and W237, the sgB[e] star W9 and the yellow hypergiant W4. Some of these shells have been observed before at other wavelengths, but never with the level of detail provided by JWST. The color-magnitude diagrams built using the NIRCam photometry show a clear cluster sequence, which is marked in its upper part by the 1828 NIRCam stars with X-ray counterparts. NIRCam observations using the F115W filter have reached the 23.8 mag limit with 50% completeness (roughly corresponding to a 0.06 M0 brown dwarf).
The spin magnitude of stellar-mass black holes evolves with the mass
Authors: Pierra G. , Mastrogiovanni S. , Perriès S.
Published: November 2024

Aims. Using gravitational-wave (GW) data from the latest GW Transient Catalog (GWTC-3), we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between the masses and spin magnitudes (χ) of binary black holes (BBHs). Our focus is on identifying potential correlations between BBH masses and spin magnitudes, and exploring their astrophysical implications in terms of formation channels.

Methods. We employed hierarchical Bayesian methods and new population models for spin-mass distributions to analyze the GW data. We further validated our results with several sanity checks.

Results. Analyzing 59 GW signals, we find statistical evidence for an evolution of the spin magnitude of the BBHs as a function of the mass. We interpret the evolution in two ways. First, using a class of population models that parameterize the evolution of the spin distribution with mass, we observe a transition from a population of BBHs with lower spin magnitudes (χ ∼ 0.2) at lower masses to higher, but less constrained, spin magnitudes for higher masses. The transition between these two distinct distributions occurs around 45 M⊙ − 55 M⊙. Additionally, using population models built by mixing independent populations of BBHs, we find that the observed GW signals can be interpreted as consisting ∼98% of low-spin black holes with masses ≲40 M⊙ and ∼2% high-spin black holes with masses ≳40 M⊙.

Conclusions. Using different prescriptions for the interplay between BBH spins and masses, we find evidence of a mass scale at 45 M⊙ − 55 M⊙, where the population distribution of spin magnitudes changes. We speculate that this result may support the hypothesis that a large fraction of low-mass, low-spin BBHs are formed through the evolution of isolated stellar binaries, whereas a smaller fraction of higher-mass, high-spin BBHs are likely formed through dynamical assembly or hierarchical mergers.
Palaeontologic and Stratigraphic Research at NIGPAS
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhao Fangchen , Wang Bo , Lv Junjie
Published: November 2024

The Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS) was established to bring together experts in various fossil taxa and geological periods, to conduct both basic and applied research in invertebrate palaeontology and palaeobotany on an integral research platform. Over its 73-year research, NIGPAS has made a lot of milestone discoveries, such as the determination and establishment of the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), and the research of fossil lagerstätten Chengjiang Fauna and Wuda Tuff Flora, which both were listed in the 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites. The enthusiastic scientists, the abundant fossil lagerstätten, and the ideal geological sections in China all welcome scientists worldwide to tackle global geoscience challenges together. Supported by CAS, NIGPAS has a long tradition in domestic and international collaboration for research, and will continue such cooperation in further explorations.
Eco-Friendly Technological Advancements as a Pillar of Climate Strategies in Industrialized Nations
Authors: Khasanova M.S. , Panferov Nikolay , Kushch Elena
Published: November 2024

In industrialized nations, eco-friendly technological advancements play a pivotal role in climate strategies. This study explores the centrality of eco-friendly innovations in addressing climate change within developed economies. By examining the integration of green technologies into climate agendas, it sheds light on the importance of sustainable technological solutions in mitigating environmental challenges. Through an analysis of policy frameworks and initiatives, as well as case studies of innovative practices, the research elucidates the significance of prioritizing eco-friendly advancements as a fundamental pillar of climate action in industrialized nations. The findings contribute to understanding the strategic emphasis on environmental innovations and their implications for sustainable development in the context of climate change mitigation