bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution NMR and MALDI-MS molecular profiling of craft beers
Authors: Siciliano C , Procopio D
Published: August 2022

Beer is a complex aqueous mixture of organic and inorganic compounds, such as carbohydrates obtained from barley or wheat malts, hops and yeast, ethanol, proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Phenols and their derivatives obtained by chemical interactions with biogenic amines, together superior alcohols and amino acids, are the other compounds present in minor proportions in beer, Phenolic components possess high antioxidant activities, and regulate the oxidative stability of beer, although bitterness of this beverage originates from hops. Since these antioxidants can produce beneficial effects on the human health after consumption, it is challenging to have in hand the molecular profiles of beers, in order to investigate their contents in bioactive compounds. Today, a significant number of small producers have strongly invested in craft beers, produced by using different hop blends, starting materials that are rich in phenolic antioxidants. The present work discloses an instrumental analytical method which enables the rapid obtainment of the molecular profiling of craft beers, with the assistance of selective extractions made by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this investigation, high-resolution 1H NMR, and LDMS and MS/MS analysis were applied for the “beeromic” analysis of a craft beer brewed in Calabria (the Southern part of Italy). The spectral data, confirmed that this kind of beer predominantly contains the hop bitter metabolites humolones and lupulones, also highlighting the presence of phenols and phenolamides which are known for their bioactivity against cancer. A profile of the principal volatile hop components was also obtained by GC-MS.
Tribological behaviour of a hyperlox coating deposited over nitrided martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Dalibon Eugenia L , Prieto Germán , Tuckart Walter R , Brühl Sonia P
Published: August 2022

Martensitic stainless steels are often used in machine components, where are exposed to different solicitations that require good surface properties. Different treatments such as plasma nitriding or coating deposition could be used to improve their wear and corrosion resistance, even combining both methods. In this work, the tribological behaviour of a TiAlN coating with a top layer of TiN, called ‘Hyperlox Gold’, deposited over both nitrided and non-nitrided martensitic stainless steels by PVD PEMS (Physical Vapour Deposition Plasma Enhanced Magnetron Sputtering) was studied. Quenched and tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel was used as base material. A group of samples were plasma nitrided and were subsequently coated. Microstructure of the nitrided layer and the coating were analysed by SEM and XRD. Nanohardness was measured with a Berkovich tip. Wear behaviour was evaluated using pin-on-disk tests (ASTM G99 standard) under three different loads (5 N, 7 N and 10 N) with an alumina ball as a counterpart. Adhesion was evaluated using dynamic conditions such as variable load scratch test and under static condition with Rockwell indentation tests (using 60 kg, 100 kg, and 150 kg). Overall thickness of the coatings was 3.7 μm and their hardness about of 32 ± 2 GPa. The nitrided layer was about 10 μm thick, with a hardness of 17 ± 1 GPa. The coating had good mechanical resistance in sliding adhesive wear conditions under low loads and good adhesion was revealed in a static condition. The presence of a nitrided layer improved the wear behaviour under high loads and the adhesion in dynamic conditions. Critical load was higher for the duplex sample than the coated samples. This work is important for the development of the Argentinian industry where the use of coatings is not largely extended, especially with martensitic stainless steels as substrates.
Effect of iron powder content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3p/high manganese steel composites prepared by casting infiltration
Authors: Wei Shaosheng , Lu Dehong
Published: August 2022

Al2O3p/high-manganese steel-matrix composites were successfully fabricated by gravity casting infiltration, with iron powder added in the preforms to adjust the Al2O3p fraction. The effects of the iron powder content (38, 48, and 55 wt%) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. With the increase in the iron powder content in the preform, the Al2O3p fraction decreased (57–38 vol%), while the hardness and compressive strength of the composite gradually increased. The highest compressive strength was 1000.3 MPa (55-wt% iron powder). The highest work hardening rate (55-wt% iron powder) well reflected the synergistic effect between the matrix and reinforcement to prevent dislocation movement. The water glass binder formed thick interface layers between Al2O3p and matrix, which transformed the Al2O3/metal interface bonding from mechanical bonding to metallurgical bonding. A too thick interface layer deteriorated the mechanical properties of the composites.
Study on properties and biocompatibility of poly (butylene succinate) and sodium alginate biodegradable composites for biomedical applications
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Xing Quansheng
Published: August 2022

Providing better biodegradable materials for medical applications has always been an important premise for improving the therapeutic effect of clinical diseases. The Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and Sodium alginate (SA) composites were prepared using melt blending technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS), mechanical properties, water contact angle, thermal properties, and in vitro degradation and cytotoxicity tests were determined to evaluate the properties of the composites with a varied SA proportion of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The FTIR and SEM-EDS results confirmed the successful preparation and microphase distribution of the composites. With the increasing in SA loading, the distribution of the filler became unevenly gradually from evenly, the Young’s modulus increased first and then decreased, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased gradually, the hydrophilicity, in vitro biodegradability increased, thermostability decreased, and the Tm, Tg, and crystallinity of the composites did not change significantly. The composite with 10% SA loading has uniform dispersion of the filler, the highest Young’s modulus (1091.21 MPa), mild hydrophilicity (θ = 88.40°), an adequate thermal processing temperature range (110 °C–200 °C), and has good biodegradability and biocompatibility with no significant deleterious impact on the cell membrane, lysosomal membrane, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cytoskeleton, or intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. It can be used as a biodegradable material for medical applications such as suture anchors.
Influence of heterogeneous environmental regulation policies on the strategy of pollutant discharge for enterprise: an evolutionary game approach
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Feng Huanhuan , Wang Huilin , Wang Kexi
Published: August 2022

To improve the effectiveness of the government’s environmental regulation policy, this study aims to solve the problem of the low willingness of enterprises to cooperate. This study redefined and defined the types of environmental regulations based on the policy realization path, and gradually added them into the game system between the government and enterprises, using the evolutionary game to analyze the impact of different regulatory means on the enterprises’ choice of whether or not to cooperate with the regulatory policy, and using MATLAB to perform a numerical simulation to compare the degree of impact. In this way, the best regulatory objects of different regulatory means were determined, and the theoretical basis and practical reference for the government to implement classified governance policies were provided. In addition, this study for the first-time classified enterprises based on the relationship between the number of pollutants discharged by enterprises and the government’s pollutant discharge quota, and incorporated them into the model for further research. The results showed that the government should implement administrative regulations for enterprises discharging a small number of pollutants; implement a combination of administrative and market-oriented regulations for enterprises discharging a medium number of pollutants; implement administrative, market-oriented, and socialized regulations at the same time for enterprises discharging a large number of pollutants. Moreover, these should be based on the premise of reasonably arranging the performance appraisal of local governments.
The moduli space of stable rank 2 parabolic bundles over an elliptic curve with 3 marked points
Authors: Boozer David
Published: August 2022

We explicitly describe the moduli space

M
s

(
X
,
3
)

M^s(X,3)

of stable rank 2 parabolic bundles over an elliptic curve

X
X

with trivial determinant bundle and 3 marked points. Specifically, we exhibit

M
s

(
X
,
3
)

M^s(X,3)

as a blow-up of an embedded elliptic curve in

(

C
P

1

)
3

(\mathbb {CP}^1)^3

. The moduli space

M
s

(
X
,
3
)

M^s(X,3)

can also be interpreted as the

S
U
(
2
)

SU(2)

character variety of the 3-punctured torus. Our description of

M
s

(
X
,
3
)

M^s(X,3)

reproduces the known Poincaré polynomial for this space.
Sources: The Theory of Four Hypothetical Documents (J, E, D, and P)
Authors: Brodie Thomas L.
Published: August 2022

The documentary theory of four hypothetical sources (JEDP) is immensely attractive. It gives a ready explanation to difficult data, and it is flexible (for instance, J – the Yahwist – can be redated or extended). However, though the four letters correspond to data in the text, the theory as a whole is radically confused and misleading. It is a literary theory that is built not on genuine literary criticism but on some relatively superficial data, and especially on considerations of history and theology.
Authors: Weiss Roslyn
Published: August 2022

Once men who merely love wisdom are superseded by men who actually have it, the value of the examined life, of the life of moral inquiry, becomes seriously compromised. In the moral realm, as in every discipline, the expert is to be obeyed. The expert is to guide, and the nonexpert is to follow. Moral inquiry is no more necessary when there are moral experts than do‐it‐yourselfers are necessary when there are master craftsmen. The Republic makes clear that those who lack the divine element in their soul are best ruled by others.
Assessment of Physical Work Demands of Home Care Workers in Norway: An Observational Study Using Wearable Sensor Technology
Authors: Tjøsvoll Svein O , Wiggen Øystein , Gonzalez Victor , Seeberg Trine M , Elez Redzovic Skender , Frostad Liaset Ingeborg , Holtermann Andreas , Steiro Fimland Marius
Published: August 2022

Objectives

High physical work demands are believed to be partly responsible for the high sickness absence among home care workers, but no studies have assessed their physical work demands using precise device-based measurements. Hence, the objective of this observational study was to assess physical work demands in home care, using wearable sensors.

Methods

From six home care units in a large municipality in Norway, 114 of 195 eligible home care workers filled in a questionnaire, a diary about work hours, and wore five accelerometers, and a heart rate sensor for up to six consecutive workdays.

Results

On average, the homecare workers spent 50% of the working hours sitting, 25.2% standing, 11.4% moving, 8.3% walking fast, 1.9% walking slow, 1.2% stair-climbing, 0.3% cycling, and 0.05% running. We found the following exposures to demanding postures: arm-elevation in an upright body position ≥30° was 36.7%, ≥60° was 4.1%, and ≥90°was 0.5%; forward trunk inclination in an upright body position ≥30° was 9.9%, ≥60° was 4%, and ≥90° was 1%; and for kneeling it was 0.8%. We found the average cardiovascular load (%heart rate reserve) during work to be 28%. There was considerable individual variation in these physical exposures at work.

Conclusions

This study presents precise information on various physical work demands of home care workers in Norway. Home care workers spent on average half the workday sitting and the remaining time in various occupational physical activities. Presently, few device-based exposure limits have been proposed for acceptable amounts of occupational physical exposures, but the level of arm-elevation, forward trunk inclination, and the considerable variation of physical workloads among home care workers, indicate that preventive measures should be taken.
Characteristics and Treatment of Patients Diagnosed With Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia After Cryolipolysis: A Case Series and Scoping Review
Authors: Cox Elizabeth A , Nichols D Spencer , Riklan Joshua E , Pomputius Ariel , Mehta Sonia D , Mast Bruce A , Furnas Heather , Canales Francisco , Sorice-Virk Sarah
Published: August 2022

Background

Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH), a rare side effect of CoolSculpting (cryolipolysis), is characterized by fatty enlargement of the treatment area occurring months after the procedure.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to report a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with PAH at the authors’ institution, increase the collective understanding of this complication and subsequent management, and raise the question of who should ethically perform cryolipolysis.

Methods

All participants diagnosed with PAH by a plastic surgeon at a large academic medical center were identified. Demographic information, medical history, procedure details, time to PAH diagnosis, and corrective surgical intervention details were collected. Mean duration of time from cryolipolysis treatment to diagnosis of PAH was calculated, along with other descriptive statistics. A scoping review of all PAH literature published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was also conducted.

Results

Four patients diagnosed with PAH after cryolipolysis were identified for inclusion in this study. The calculated incidence of PAH at our center was 0.67%. All patients requested therapy for PAH and subsequently underwent either liposuction, abdominoplasty, or both. The mean duration of in-person follow-up time after final surgical treatment of PAH was 13.8 + 19.8 months (range, 2.8-43.5). Fortunately, no patients showed signs of PAH recurrence, and 3 out of 4 patients did not show signs of residual deformity.

Conclusions

Findings from this patient cohort and scoping review provide evidence that although revisions may be required, conventional body contouring methods, not in the armamentarium of non-plastic surgeon practitioners, effectively alleviated PAH.

Level of Evidence: 4
Patient Satisfaction, Recommendation Rate, and Patient Comfort With an FDA-Cleared Cryolipolysis System
Authors: Altmann Jens , Jehle Felix , Mang Werner
Published: August 2022

Background

Cryolipolysis is a non-surgical procedure for subcutaneous fat layer reduction by controlled cooling. During the past few years, the use of cryolipolysis for non-invasive body contouring has increased significantly.

Objectives

This retrospective study examines patient satisfaction, recommendation rate and patient comfort with the use of an FDA-cleared system (CoolSculpting Elite, Allergan Aesthetics, AbbVie Company, Irvine CA) for cryolipolysis at a single clinic and reports on the results.

Methods

Between December 2020 and January 2022, 91 patients were treated with an FDA-cleared cryolipolysis system. To assess patient satisfaction, patients were asked to complete clinical questionnaires three months after their last treatment session. The following questions were asked: painfulness of the treatment, complications, satisfaction with the treatment, consideration of further treatment sessions, and willingness to further recommend the treatment.

Results

Eighty-four percent of the 91 patients were female, and 16% were male. The average age was 45.5 years and the mean BMI was 26 kg/m2. Patients rated the treatment in terms of pain and discomfort experienced during the procedures on a scale of 1 to 5, with the value 1 representing not painful and 5 as extremely painful. 40% of the patients evaluated the procedure with 1, 38% with 2, 19% with 3, 1% with 4 and 2% with 5. With respect to satisfaction rates, 66% rated the treatment on a scale from 1 to 5 with 1, 18% with 2, 7% with 3, 7% with 4 and 3% with 5, with 1 indicating very satisfied and 5 indicating very dissatisfied. Thus, the overall level of satisfaction (the sum of scale values 1 and 2) amounts to 84%. Of 91 patients, 88% would agree to further treatment and 92% would recommend the therapy to others. All patients reported temporary tissue reactions such as swelling and redness which did not require any further treatment and were self-limiting. Serious or permanent complications did not occur.

Conclusions

The results of our study show that cryolipolysis is a safe and effective method for non-surgical body contouring, providing a high degree of patient satisfaction and recommendation rate.

Level of Evidence: 4
Regulatory T-cell therapy approaches
Authors: McCallion Oliver , Bilici Merve , Hester Joanna , Issa Fadi
Published: August 2022

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have enormous therapeutic potential to treat a variety of immunopathologies characterized by aberrant immune activation. Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous Tregs continues to progress through mid- to late-phase clinical trials in several disease spaces and has generated promising preliminary safety and efficacy signals to date. However, the practicalities of this strategy outside of the clinical trial setting remain challenging. Here, we review the current landscape of regulatory T-cell therapy, considering emergent approaches and technologies presenting novel ways to engage Tregs, and reflect on the progress necessary to deliver their therapeutic potential to patients.
B cell contribution to immunometabolic dysfunction and impaired immune responses in obesity
Authors: Oleinika Kristine , Slisere Baiba , Catalán Diego , Rosser Elizabeth C
Published: August 2022

Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is also linked with more severe complications from infections, including COVID-19, and poor vaccine responses. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and associated immune perturbations play an important role in determining morbidity in people living with obesity. The contribution of B cells to immune dysregulation and meta-inflammation associated with obesity has been documented by studies over the past decade. With a focus on human studies, here we consolidate the observations demonstrating that there is altered B cell subset composition, differentiation, and function both systemically and in the adipose tissue of individuals living with obesity. Finally, we discuss the potential factors that drive B cell dysfunction in obesity and propose a model by which altered B cell subset composition in obesity underlies dysfunctional B cell responses to novel pathogens.
Optimization of Timing of Maternal Pertussis Immunization From 6 Years of Postimplementation Surveillance Data in England
Authors: Amirthalingam Gayatri , Campbell Helen , Ribeiro Sonia , Stowe Julia , Tessier Elise , Litt David , Fry Norman K , Andrews Nick
Published: August 2022

Background

England’s third-trimester maternal pertussis vaccination, introduced in October 2012, was extended to the second trimester in 2016. Maternal vaccination provides high protection against infant disease, but routine second-trimester vaccination has not previously been assessed.

Methods

National laboratory-confirmed pertussis case surveillance determined vaccination history, maternal vaccination history and hospitalization. Pertussis hospital admissions between 2012 and 2019 were extracted from the Hospital Episode Statistics data set. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for pertussis case patients born between October 2012 and September 2018 using the screening method and matching with a nationally representative data set.

Results

Higher coverage was observed after earlier maternal vaccination with approximately 40% of pregnant women vaccinated ≥13 weeks before delivery. Cases and hospitalizations stabilized at low levels in younger infants but remained elevated in older infants, children, and adults. No deaths occurred in infants with vaccinated mothers after 2016. Of 1162 laboratory-confirmed pertussis cases in the study, 599 (52%) were in infants aged <93 days: 463 (77%) with unvaccinated and 136 (23%) with vaccinated mothers. The VE was equivalent in infants with mothers vaccinated at different gestational periods except in those with mothers vaccinated between 7 days before and 41 days after delivery. Children whose mothers were unvaccinated but with vaccination in a previous pregnancy had a VE against disease of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19%–75%). There was no increased disease risk after primary vaccination in children with mothers vaccinated at least 7 days before delivery.

Conclusions

National policy recommending vaccination in the second trimester increased earlier maternal vaccine uptake with sustained high VE and impact against early infant disease.
Left-atrial long-axis shortening allows effective quantification of atrial function and optimized risk prediction following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Backhaus Sören J , Rösel Simon F , Stiermaier Thomas , Schmidt-Rimpler Jonas , Evertz Ruben , Schulz Alexander , Lange Torben , Kowallick Johannes T , Kutty Shelby , Bigalke Boris , Gutberlet Matthias , Hasenfuß Gerd , Thiele Holger , Eitel Ingo , Schuster Andreas
Published: August 2022

Aims

Deformation imaging enables optimized risk prediction following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, costly and time-consuming post processing has hindered widespread clinical implementation. Since manual left-ventricular long-axis strain (LV LAS) has been successfully proposed as a simple alternative for LV deformation imaging, we aimed at the validation of left-atrial (LA) LAS.

Methods and results

The AIDA STEMI and TATORT-NSTEMI trials recruited 795 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and 440 with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. LA LAS was assessed as the systolic distance change between the middle of a line connecting the origins of the mitral leaflets and either a perpendicular line towards the posterior atrial wall (LAS90) or a line connecting to the LA posterior portion of the greatest distance irrespective of a predefined angle (LAS). Primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac event (MACE) occurrence within 12 months. There were no significant differences between LA LAS and LAS90, both with excellent reproducibility. LA LAS correlated significantly with LA reservoir function (Es, r = 0.60, P < 0.001). Impaired LA LAS resulted in higher MACE occurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.88, P < 0.001]. LA LAS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97, P = 0.005) and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS, P = 0.025) were the only independent predictors for MACE in multivariate analyses. C-statistics demonstrated incremental value of LA LAS in addition to GLS (P = 0.016) and non-inferiority compared with FT Es (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.74 vs. 0.69, P = 0.256).

Conclusion

Left-atrial LAS provides fast and software-independent approximations of quantitative LA function with similar value for risk prediction compared with dedicated deformation imaging.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00712101 and NCT01612312
Variation in fine-scale recombination rate in temperature-evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations in response to selection
Authors: Winbush Ari , Singh Nadia D
Published: August 2022

Meiotic recombination plays a critical evolutionary role in maintaining fitness in response to selective pressures due to changing environments. Variation in recombination rate has been observed amongst and between species and populations and within genomes across numerous taxa. Studies have demonstrated a link between changes in recombination rate and selection, but the extent to which fine-scale recombination rate varies between evolved populations during the evolutionary period in response to selection is under active research. Here, we utilize a set of 3 temperature-evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations that were shown to have diverged in several phenotypes, including recombination rate, based on the temperature regime in which they evolved. Using whole-genome sequencing data from these populations, we generated linkage disequilibrium-based fine-scale recombination maps for each population. With these maps, we compare recombination rates and patterns among the 3 populations and show that they have diverged at fine scales but are conserved at broader scales. We further demonstrate a correlation between recombination rates and genomic variation in the 3 populations. Lastly, we show variation in localized regions of enhanced recombination rates, termed warm spots, between the populations with these warm spots and associated genes overlapping areas previously shown to have diverged in the 3 populations due to selection. These data support the existence of recombination modifiers in these populations which are subject to selection during evolutionary change.
Predicting infrasound transmission loss using deep learning
Authors: Brissaud Quentin , Näsholm Sven Peter , Turquet Antoine , Le Pichon Alexis
Published: August 2022

Modelling the spatial distribution of infrasound attenuation (or transmission loss, TL) is key to understanding and interpreting microbarometer data and observations. Such predictions enable the reliable assessment of infrasound source characteristics such as ground pressure levels associated with earthquakes, man-made or volcanic explosion properties, and ocean-generated microbarom wavefields. However, the computational cost inherent in full-waveform modelling tools, such as parabolic equation (PE) codes, often prevents the exploration of a large parameter space, that is variations in wind models, source frequency and source location, when deriving reliable estimates of source or atmospheric properties—in particular for real-time and near-real-time applications. Therefore, many studies rely on analytical regression-based heuristic TL equations that neglect complex vertical wind variations and the range-dependent variation in the atmospheric properties. This introduces significant uncertainties in the predicted TL. In the current contribution, we propose a deep learning approach trained on a large set of simulated wavefields generated using PE simulations and realistic atmospheric winds to predict infrasound ground-level amplitudes up to 1000 km from a ground-based source. Realistic range dependent atmospheric winds are constructed by combining ERA5, NRLMSISE-00 and HWM-14 atmospheric models, and small-scale gravity-wave perturbations computed using the Gardner model. Given a set of wind profiles as input, our new modelling framework provides a fast (0.05 s runtime) and reliable (∼5 dB error on average, compared to PE simulations) estimate of the infrasound TL.
Molecular mechanism underlying impaired hepatic autophagy in glycogen storage disease type Ib
Authors: Gautam Sudeep , Zhang Lisa , Lee Cheol , Arnaoutova Irina , Chen Hung Dar , Resaz Roberta , Eva Alessandra , Mansfield Brian C , Chou Janice Y
Published: August 2022

Type Ib glycogen storage disease (GSD-Ib) is caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) transporter (G6PT) that translocates G6P from the cytoplasm into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, where the intraluminal G6P is hydrolyzed to glucose by glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α). Clinically, GSD-Ib patients manifest a metabolic phenotype of impaired blood glucose homeostasis and a long-term risk of hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC). Studies have shown that autophagy deficiency contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this study, we show that G6PT deficiency leads to impaired hepatic autophagy evident from attenuated expression of many components of the autophagy network, decreased autophagosome formation and reduced autophagy flux. The G6PT-deficient liver displayed impaired sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, along with reduced expression of SIRT1, forkhead boxO3a (FoxO3a), liver kinase B-1 (LKB1) and the active p-AMPK. Importantly, we show that overexpression of either SIRT1 or LKB1 in G6PT-deficient liver restored autophagy and SIRT1/FoxO3a and LKB1/AMPK signaling. The hepatosteatosis in G6PT-deficient liver decreased SIRT1 expression. LKB1 overexpression reduced hepatic triglyceride levels, providing a potential link between LKB1/AMPK signaling upregulation and the increase in SIRT1 expression. In conclusion, downregulation of SIRT1/FoxO3a and LKB1/AMPK signaling underlies impaired hepatic autophagy which may contribute to HCA/HCC development in GSD-Ib. Understanding this mechanism may guide future therapies.
Polarity-driven laminar pattern formation by lateral-inhibition in 2D and 3D bilayer geometries
Authors: Moore Joshua W , Dale Trevor C , Woolley Thomas E
Published: August 2022

Fine-grain patterns produced by juxtacrine signalling have previously been studied using static monolayers as cellular domains. However, analytic results are usually restricted to a few cells due to the algebraic complexity of non-linear dynamical systems. Motivated by concentric patterning of Notch expression observed in the mammary gland, we combine concepts from graph and control theory to represent cellular connectivity and behaviour. The resulting theoretical framework allows us to exploit the symmetry of multicellular bilayer structures in 2D and 3D, thereby deriving analytical conditions that drive the dynamical system to form laminar patterns, consistent with the formation of cell polarity by activator localization. Critically, the patterning conditions are independent of the precise dynamical details, thus the framework allows for generality in understanding the influence of cellular geometry and signal polarity on patterning using lateral-inhibition systems. Applying the analytic conditions to mammary organoids suggests that intense cell signalling polarity is required for the maintenance of stratified cell types within a static bilayer using a lateral-inhibition mechanism. Furthermore, by employing 2D and 3D cell-based models, we highlight that the cellular polarity conditions derived from static domains can generate laminar patterning in dynamic environments. However, they are insufficient for the maintenance of patterning when subjected to substantial morphological perturbations. In agreement with the mathematical implications of strict signalling polarity induced on the cells, we propose an adhesion-dependent Notch-Delta biological process that has the potential to initiate bilayer stratification in a developing mammary organoid.
Evaluation of Alcohol Markers in Urine and Oral Fluid after Regular and Hard Kombucha Consumption
Authors: Li Sun Yi , Smith Christina R , Bartock Sarah H , Leland McClure F , Edinboro Leslie E , Swortwood Madeleine J
Published: August 2022

Although kombucha is a popular fermented beverage, the presence of alcohol markers has not been well studied despite being potential indicators of unintentional impairment. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were measured in oral fluid and urine collected after consumption of regular or hard kombucha. Participants drank within 20 min and provided all urine voids for 12 h, the first urine voids on days 2 and 3 and oral fluid specimens at fixed time points for 48 h. Screening employed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS; EtS, 25 ng/mL cutoff [oral]; 100 ng/mL cutoff [urine]; EtG, 500 ng/mL cutoff [urine] and immunoassay (IA; EtG, 500 ng/mL cutoff [urine]). After consuming regular kombucha (n = 12 participants), EtS was not detected in oral fluid but both markers were detected by LC–MS-MS in urine specimens within the first five voids from 83% of participants with median (range) concentrations of 240 (100–3,700) ng/mL for EtS and 830 (530–2,200) ng/mL for EtG. Neither marker was positive by IA nor LC–MS-MS after day 1. After consuming hard kombucha (n = 7 participants), 2 (2.8%) of the 70 collected oral fluid specimens tested positive for EtS 3 h after consumption; however, 21 (30%) had EtS levels above the limit of detection (LOD, 10 ng/mL) after 0.5–8 h. Both markers were detected in urine specimens from all participants with median (range) concentrations of 3,381 (559–70,250) ng/mL for EtS and 763 (104–12,864) ng/mL For EtG. Urine specimens were negative for EtG and EtS by the end of the 48-hour study.
Analysis, Stability and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Drugs of Abuse over a Period of One Year in Formalin-Fixed Liver and Formalin Solutions
Authors: Orfanidis Amvrosios , Gika Helen , Theodoridis Georgios , Chatziioannou Anastasia Chrysovalantou , Raikos Nikolaos
Published: August 2022

The present study reports a thorough research on the stability of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals over a time period of 12 months. Fixed-liver tissues and formalin solutions where the tissues were preserved were analyzed using an ultra high performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry method that has been developed and validated for this purpose. The method monitors 84 drugs in a 13-minute run. The concentrations of the drugs found were compared with their concentrations determined in the fresh liver tissues in a previous study. In the study, 14 cases with forensic interest were included with the main objective of the analysis and the study of the stability and the distribution of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals in the human liver and the formalin solution during preservation. The results showed that the number of detected compounds in the first month was significantly lower than the compounds found in fresh tissues. The effect of formalin was catalytic, and few substances could be detected. Specifically, out of the 86 positive detections of the monitored substances in the fresh tissues (in which 25 different substances were found), only 32 (37%) remained detectable 3 months after, 20 (23%) 6 months after and 15 (17%) 12 months after.
Thermal analysis for radiative flow of Darcy–Forchheimer nanomaterials subject to entropy generation
Authors: Khan Sohail A , Hayat T , Alsaedi A , Alhodaly M S
Published: August 2022

Background and objective

Flow due to the Darcy–Forchheimer medium is an important perspective in various geophysics, industrial processes, geothermal energy, and thermodynamic processes. The importance of the Darcy–Forchheimer medium is noticed in technical, mechanical, industrial, and scientific fields including atomic waste archive, artificial dialysis, catalytic converters, gas turbine, improved oil recuperation, atherosclerosis, grain stockpiling, geo-energy production, and warm protection designing, etc. In view of such industrial and geothermal applications, the objective of this paper is to highlight the influence of entropy generation in chemical reactive MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) Darcy–Forchheimer nanoliquid flow with radiation. Flow by an exponentially stretching permeable sheet is taken. Thermal radiation, heat source, magnetic force, and dissipation impacts are considered in thermal expression. Additionally, Buongiorno’s model with random and thermophoresis diffusions is explained. Physical features of entropy are deliberated. The first-order isothermal reaction is discussed.

Methodology

Non-linear expressions are reduced to the dimensionless non-linear system through the implementation of non-similar transformations. The resultant non-linear systems are solved subject to local non-similarity via the ND-solve technique

Results

Graphical results for entropy rate, concentration, velocity, and thermal field versus emerging variables are studied. The reverse trend holds for entropy and velocity through the magnetic variable. A larger approximation of the Eckert number intensifies the thermal field.

Conclusions

A higher Forchheimer number reduces the fluid flow. A reverse impact for concentration and thermal field is seen through random motion variable. Similar behavior for thermal distribution is seen by thermophoresis and radiation effects. A larger porosity variable declines the entropy rate, while the reverse effect holds for the Brinkman number. A larger diffusion variable increases the entropy generation.
Tensions in the Enactment of Neoliberal Consumer Responsibilization for Waste
Authors: Cherrier Hélène , Türe Meltem
Published: August 2022

Research has explored consumer responsibilization processes, yet there is a lack of understanding about the tensions that consumers might experience when enacting their responsibility. Using a large data set collected in France around waste responsibilization, we demonstrate how waste pathways can generate spatiotemporal, guidance, and destructiveness tensions in households. Consumers respond to such tensions by keeping waste at home, which allows them to suspend, clarify, or reappropriate their waste responsibility. In delineating the waste responsibility tensions, our study reveals the boundaries of neoliberal governance’s success in mobilizing entrepreneurial consumers’ actions, namely, community structure/shared vision, emotions, and market demand. These boundaries illustrate the challenges for neoliberal governance in providing and maintaining for consumers an illusion of control through the crafting of heightened uncertainty, abstraction, and risk–benefit categorizations. This study has implications for waste management actors, as well as consumer researchers interested in neoliberal governance, consumer responsibilization, consumer activism, sustainability, and waste disposal.
Prevalence of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ESR1) Somatic Mutations in Breast Cancer
Authors: Kinslow Connor J , Tang Ashley , Chaudhary Kunal R , Cheng Simon K
Published: August 2022

Estrogen receptor–positive breast tumors, which initially respond effectively to endocrine therapy, progress due to acquired endocrine therapy resistance, including genomic alterations in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1). A recent study has suggested that there is a sufficient number of preexisting ESR1 mutations acting as an intrinsic resistance mechanism to warrant primary screening. We determined the incidence of de novo ESR1 mutations in hormone-positive treatment-naïve primary breast tumors using 12 publicly available international datasets in the cBioPortal. The prevalence of mutation was statistically significantly lower in treatment-naïve primary tumors (n = 6 of 3682, 0.16%) than in metastatic (n = 156 of 1089, 14.3%, 2-sided P < .001) or previously treated primary tumors (n = 11 of 92, 12.0%, 2-sided P < .001). Pathogenic ESR1 mutations are a common mechanism of acquired but not intrinsic resistance to endocrine therapy and may not warrant universal testing of primary breast cancer populations.
Advances in mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics for elucidating abscisic acid signaling and plant responses to abiotic stress
Authors: Chong Leelyn , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Zhu Yingfang
Published: August 2022

Abiotic stresses have significant impacts on crop yield and quality. Even though significant efforts during the past decade have been devoted to uncovering the core signaling pathways associated with the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stress in plants, abiotic stress signaling mechanisms in most crops remain largely unclear. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway, including early events in the osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation network, have recently been elucidated in Arabidopsis with the aid of phosphoproteomics technologies. We now know that SNF1-related kinases 2 (SnRK2s) are not only inhibited by the clade A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) through dephosphorylation, but also phosphorylated and activated by upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks). Through describing the course of studies to elucidate abiotic stress and ABA signaling, we will discuss how we can take advantage of the latest innovations in mass-spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics and structural proteomics to boost our investigation of plant regulation and responses to ABA and abiotic stress.
Introduction and History
Authors: Whiteside Stephen P. H. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Biggs Bridget K.
Published: August 2022

This chapter provides an introduction to exposure therapy, its application, and its history. The chapter provides a description of exposure therapy and a review of why and when a clinician would choose to use this technique with youth suffering from anxiety or obsessive–compulsive disorder. The chapter differentiates anxiety disorders and their treatment with exposure from environmental stressors. The chapter then reviews the history of exposure therapy from the early case series by Dr. Mary Cover Jones through the explosion of research during the 1990s and 2000s. The chapter provides the background for clinicians to begin learning about the implementation of exposure therapy.
Preparing for Exposure
Authors: Whiteside Stephen P. H. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Biggs Bridget K.
Published: August 2022

This chapter, which focuses on implementing exposure therapy for childhood anxiety and obsessive–compulsive disorder, presents steps for preparing families to engage in exposure. Preparation for exposure typically requires completion of three fundamental tasks: (1) teaching the patient and family the cognitive–behavioral conceptualization of anxiety maintenance through avoidance and applying it to the child’s specific symptoms, (2) learning how to “do” exposures, and (3) building a fear ladder based on the child’s symptoms. The speed with which these three tasks can be accomplished varies, but they can frequently be completed in 1 or 2 hours with an experienced clinician. The chapter details how clinicians can meet these goals and prepare patients to successfully participate in exposure therapy.
Imaginal and Interoceptive Exposure Case Examples
Authors: Whiteside Stephen P. H. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Biggs Bridget K.
Published: August 2022

This chapter presents case examples to more fully illustrate how to implement exposure therapy with a variety of presenting problems. The case presentations in this chapter focus on the less commonly used and less intuitive methods of imaginal and interoceptive exposure. The cases demonstrate the application of exposure to obsessions and compulsions, general anxiety and worry, as well as panic. Each case example begins with a brief description of the case and then conceptualizes the case using the model presented previously in this book. The examples then describe family involvement, discuss the creation of a fear ladder, present a detailed exposure, and comment on the course of treatment. Each case illustrates a broader point related to the implementation of exposure, which is discussed last.
Phillip Shaver, Mario Mikulincer, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie
Published: August 2022

This chapter discusses Philip Shaver, Mario Mikulincer, and the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, the most widely used self-report measure of adult attachment. The chapter begins by revisiting Ainsworth’s reasons for abandoning self-report measures of security, and Shaver and Hazan’s reason for reigniting this approach. Shaver and Hazen’s development of the ‘love quiz’ and early work on adult attachment is discussed, considering ways in which their ideas converged and diverged from earlier attachment theory. The chapter then explores the creation of the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, which has provided a methodological and theoretical basis for the social psychological tradition of attachment research over subsequent decades. The chapter clarifies Shaver and Mikulincer’s approach to conceptualising and measuring attachment, secure base use, and minimising and maximising strategies.
Aorta Ultrasound
Authors: Soucy Zachary , Reynolds Cecily , Weinberg Nicholas , Haughey David
Published: August 2022

This chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of aortic ultrasound. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include stable and unstable patients presenting with undifferentiated symptoms such as abdominal pain, back pain, or hypotension. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest. Relevant references and sources for each case are also included, as well as keywords for each section.
Hepatobiliary Ultrasound
Authors: Lobo Viveta , Anderson Kenton , Poffenberger Cori , Gharahbaghian Laleh
Published: August 2022

This chapter uses clinical vignettes and multiple-choice questions to explore core and advanced principles of hepatobiliary ultrasound, including cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, ascites, and hepatic masses. The cases assess image acquisition pearls and pitfalls, image interpretation, false positive and negative findings, and integration into patient management. Clinical vignettes include patients presenting with a wide variety of hepatobiliary pathology who are commonly seen in emergency departments and other clinics. Each case includes detailed explanations for correct and incorrect answer choices, incorporating landmark studies as well as the latest literature that clinical sonographers will find of interest.
Testicular Ultrasound
Authors: Gold Delia L. , Prats Michael I. , Bellows Fara F. , Boulger Creagh T.
Published: August 2022

Acute scrotal pain is not an uncommon complaint, and ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for associated pathology. Compared to other applications of point-of-care ultrasound, testicular studies are more often deferred in favor of comprehensive studies. This is likely due to fear of missing or delaying the high-risk diagnosis of testicular torsion. This fear is not unfounded. Potential delays of indeterminant studies should be a consideration prior to performance. However, an experienced practitioner can also expedite management by confirming diagnosis of testicular torsion with ultrasound performed immediately at the point of care. In addition to testicular torsion, testicular ultrasound is indicated for almost any cause of acute scrotal pain or swelling. It can be used to diagnose a variety of pathologies, ranging from fairly benign to those threatening reproductive abilities.
Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Teton Zoe E. , Raslan Ahmed M.
Published: August 2022

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of adult localization-related epilepsy and 80% of these cases originate in the hippocampus. Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the single most common cause of medically refractory epilepsy that is also amenable to surgery and is a combination of astrogliosis and atrophy throughout the hippocampus. HS is both a cause and result of seizures originating in this region and is among the least likely seizure disorders to be cured by medical treatment alone. Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHC) has been shown to have comparable rates of seizure freedom to anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) with fewer neurocognitive side effects. Complications include visual field deficits, ischemia, and neurocognitive decline, most commonly in verbal memory.
Cardiovascular Physical Examination
Authors: Klarich Kyle W. , Blauwet Lori A. , Phillips Sabrina D.
Published: August 2022

This chapter covers the various cardiac conditions to check for on physical examination. Some topics are determining jugular venous pressure, checking the radial pulses, and recognizing the various heart sounds.
Vascular Disease
Authors: McBane Robert D.
Published: August 2022

This chapter is about diseases of the vascular system. Aneurysms, dissections, occlusions, and disease of the carotid artery are some of the topics covered.