bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty is not Associated with a Greater Incidence of Groin Pain in Comparison with Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Resurfacing: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Stavrakis Alexandra I. , Khoshbin Amir , Joseph Amethia , Lee Lily Y. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Westrich Geoffrey H. , McLawhorn Alexander S.
Published: August 2020

Background

Groin pain is a common long-term complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Femoral head size has been proposed as one of the primary causes. The implants used in dual mobility (DM) THA have large outer-bearing articulations, which could increase the risk of post-operative groin pain. Hip resurfacing (HR), too, has been shown to be associated with a risk of groin pain.

Questions/Purposes

The goals of this study were to compare the incidence of groin pain at 1 year after hip arthroplasty in patients with different femoral head diameters and in patients undergoing conventional THA, DM THA, and HR.

Methods

After combing an institutional registry for all patients who had undergone THA or HR for primary hip osteoarthritis, we included 3193 patients in the analysis; 2008 underwent conventional THA, 416 underwent DM THA, and 769 underwent HR. We used logistic regression modeling to analyze the relation of groin pain at 1 year after surgery to patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), University of California at Los Angeles activity score at 1 year after surgery, bearing couple, and the ratio of acetabular diameter to femoral head diameter. We also measured cup inclination and anteversion in a subset of patients with and without groin pain at 1 year to assess whether pain could be related to implant position.

Results

Overall, 8.7% of patients reported groin pain at 1 year. Patients with groin pain were younger and had lower BMIs. There were increased odds of groin pain with a greater cup-to-head ratio, although DM implants, interestingly, were not significantly associated with groin pain; this may be attributable to so much of their movement taking place inside the implant. Subgroup analysis measuring cup inclination and anteversion showed no difference in cup position between patients with and without pain.

Conclusion

In this population of hip arthroplasty patients, the incidence of groin pain 1 year after surgery did not differ among patients undergoing DM and conventional THA; DM THA in particular was not associated with a higher risk of groin pain, despite its comparatively larger femoral head sizes. HR, on the other hand, was associated with a higher risk of pain. Appropriate implant sizing and bearing couple choice may optimize the functional benefit of THA.
Is it Time to Quit? Smoking Persistence and Self-Rated Health
Authors: Lanari Donatella , Pasqualini Marta , Pieroni Luca
Published: August 2020

This study evaluates the impact of smoking on self-rated health using a British cohort born in 1970 that was followed through adult life. Records were taken for this dataset many times; individual self-rated health was first recorded in 1996 at age 26, and afterward at ages 30, 34, and 42. The smoking rate over time determined membership in the groups of current-smokers, never-smokers, and former-smokers. Estimates showed that the current-smokers group produced an increase in the probability of being in poor health with respect to never-smokers of about 10 percentage points in the long term. This result was also consistent when we used former-smokers as the control group, or other model specifications. The baseline estimates were not contradicted by robustness checks and policy implications of these results were discussed.
On Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis
Authors: Jammalamadaka Sreenivasa Rao , Taufer Emanuele , Terdik Gyorgy H.
Published: August 2020

A unified treatment of all currently available cumulant-based indexes of multivariate skewness and kurtosis is provided here, expressing them in terms of the third and fourth-order cumulant vectors respectively. Such a treatment helps reveal many subtle features and inter-connections among the existing indexes as well as some deficiencies, which are hitherto unknown. Computational formulae for obtaining these measures are provided for spherical and elliptically-symmetric, as well as skew-symmetric families of multivariate distributions, yielding several new results and a systematic exposition of many known results.
A re-evaluation of the Chaetothyriales using criteria of comparative biology
Authors: Quan Yu , Muggia Lucia , Moreno Leandro F. , Wang Meizhu , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , da Silva Menezes Nickolas , Shi Dongmei , Deng Shuwen , Ahmed Sarah , Hyde Kevin D. , Vicente Vania A. , Kang Yingqian , Stielow J. Benjamin , de Hoog Sybren
Published: August 2020

Chaetothyriales is an ascomycetous order within Eurotiomycetes. The order is particularly known through the black yeasts and filamentous relatives that cause opportunistic infections in humans. All species in the order are consistently melanized. Ecology and habitats of species are highly diverse, and often rather extreme in terms of exposition and toxicity. Families are defined on the basis of evolutionary history, which is reconstructed by time of divergence and concepts of comparative biology using stochastical character mapping and a multi-rate Brownian motion model to reconstruct ecological ancestral character states. Ancestry is hypothesized to be with a rock-inhabiting life style. Ecological disparity increased significantly in late Jurassic, probably due to expansion of cytochromes followed by colonization of vacant ecospaces. Dramatic diversification took place subsequently, but at a low level of innovation resulting in strong niche conservatism for extant taxa. Families are ecologically different in degrees of specialization. One of the clades has adapted ant domatia, which are rich in hydrocarbons. In derived families, similar processes have enabled survival in domesticated environments rich in creosote and toxic hydrocarbons, and this ability might also explain the pronounced infectious ability of vertebrate hosts observed in these families. Conventional systems of morphological classification poorly correspond with recent phylogenetic data. Species are hypothesized to have low competitive ability against neighboring microbes, which interferes with their laboratory isolation on routine media. The dataset is unbalanced in that a large part of the extant biodiversity has not been analyzed by molecular methods, novel taxonomic entities being introduced at a regular pace. Our study comprises all available species sequenced to date for LSU and ITS, and a nomenclatural overview is provided. A limited number of species could not be assigned to any extant family.
Home Exercise Interventions in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Stookey Alyssa D. , Katzel Leslie I.
Published: August 2020

Purpose of Review

Frailty is characterized by decreased physiological reserve and increased risk of falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality. Frail older adults may benefit from exercise interventions targeting their multiple problems and functional deficits; however, most research focuses on center-based interventions, which may present accessibility challenges for frail older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the most recently published home-based exercise interventions for frail older adults living at home.

Recent Findings

Eight manuscripts met inclusion criteria. Research interventions consisted of a variety of modes (strength, strength/nutrition, strength/flexibility/balance/endurance), duration (12 weeks to 6 months), frequency (2–7 days/week), and delivery methods (volunteer-led, videos on a tablet, manuals/brochures). Investigators examined the effects of home-based exercise on a variety of outcomes to include feasibility, frailty status, physical performance, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, other physiological outcomes, mental health, nutritional status, and incidence of falls in frail.

This review demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based exercise interventions to improve frailty, functional performance, nutritional status, and incidence of falls in frail older adults. However, the limited literature available provides conflicting reports regarding benefits for mental health outcomes and no evidence of a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle or lean mass. Future research is needed to shed light on the optimal components of home exercise programs most important for maximizing benefits for frail older adults, as well as the most effective delivery method.
Factors affecting performance and manufacturability of naproxen Liqui-Pellet
Authors: Lam Matthew , Nokhodchi Ali
Published: August 2020

Aim

Liqui-Pellet is potentially an emerging next-generation oral pill, which has shown promising results with unique advantages as well as displaying potential for commercial feasibility. Since Liqui-Pellet technology is still in its infancy, it is important to explore the parameters that can affect its performance, particularly the drug release rate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate thoroughly the effect of Avicel PH101 (carrier) and Aerosil 300 (coating material) ratio (R-value) in Liqui-Pellet.

Methods

Key parameter for Liqui-Pellet formulation in this study was the ratio of carrier and coating material. Tests were carried out to assess the physicochemical properties of different formulations. This involved looking into particle size, robustness, flowability, solid-state and drug release profile. The morphology of Liqui-Pellet was investigated by SEM.

Results

It is found that R-value does not have a major effect on the success of Liqui-Pellet production. However, R-value does seem to have an effect on Liqui-Pellet size at a certain water content level and a slight effect on the drug release rate. A decrease in Avicel PH101 concentration and an increase in Aerosil 300 concentration in Liqui-Pellet formulations can reduce Liqui-Pellet size and slightly increase drug release rate by 9% after 2 h. The data shows Liqui-Pellet is resistant to friability, able to achieve exceptional flow property and have smooth surfaces, which is critical for applying coatings technology. Such properties are ideal in terms of commercial manufacturing. The XRPD and DSC both show the reduction in formulation crystallinity, which is expected in Liqui-Pellet formulation as a result of solubility of the drug in the co-solvent used in the preparation of Liqui-Pellets.

Conclusion

Overall it seems that R-value can affect Liqui-Pellet drug release rate and size but not on the production success rate.

Graphical abstract
Estimating Grassland Parameters from Sentinel-2: A Model Comparison Study
Authors: Schwieder M. , Buddeberg M. , Kowalski K. , Pfoch K. , Bartsch J. , Bach H. , Pickert J. , Hostert P.
Published: August 2020

Grassland plays an important role in German agriculture. The interplay of ecological processes in grasslands secures important ecosystem functions and, thus, ultimately contributes to essential ecosystem services. To sustain, e.g., the provision of fodder or the filter function of soils, agricultural management needs to adapt to site-specific grassland characteristics. Spatially explicit information derived from remote sensing data has been proven instrumental for achieving this. In this study, we analyze the potential of Sentinel-2 data for deriving grassland-relevant parameters. We compare two well-established methods to calculate the aboveground biomass and leaf area index (LAI), first using a random forest regression and second using the soil–leaf-canopy (SLC) radiative transfer model. Field data were recorded on a grassland area in Brandenburg in August 2019, and were used to train the empirical model and to validate both models. Results confirm that both methods are suitable for mapping the spatial distribution of LAI and for quantifying aboveground biomass. Uncertainties generally increased with higher biomass and LAI values in the empirical model and varied on average by a relative RMSE of 11% for modeling of dry biomass and a relative RMSE of 23% for LAI. Similar estimates were achieved using SLC with a relative RMSE of 30% for LAI retrieval, and a relative RMSE of 47% for the estimation of dry biomass. Resulting maps from both approaches showed comprehensible spatial patterns of LAI and dry biomass distributions. Despite variations in the value ranges of both maps, the average estimates and spatial patterns of LAI and dry biomass were very similar. Based on the results of the two compared modeling approaches and the comparison to the validation data, we conclude that the relationship between Sentinel-2 spectra and grassland-relevant variables can be quantified to map their spatial distributions from space. Future research needs to investigate how similar approaches perform across different grassland types, seasons and grassland management regimes.
Indicators of economic crises: a data-driven clustering approach
Authors: Göbel Maximilian , Araújo Tanya
Published: August 2020

The determination of reliable early-warning indicators of economic crises is a hot topic in economic sciences. Pinning down recurring patterns or combinations of macroeconomic indicators is indispensable for adequate policy adjustments to prevent a looming crisis. We investigate the ability of several macroeconomic variables telling crisis countries apart from non-crisis economies. We introduce a self-calibrated clustering-algorithm, which accounts for both similarity and dissimilarity in macroeconomic fundamentals across countries. Furthermore, imposing a desired community structure, we allow the data to decide by itself, which combination of indicators would have most accurately foreseen the exogeneously defined network topology. We quantitatively evaluate the degree of matching between the data-generated clustering and the desired community-structure.
Multilayer approach reveals organizational principles disrupted in breast cancer co-expression networks
Authors: Dorantes-Gilardi Rodrigo , García-Cortés Diana , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , Espinal-Enríquez Jesús
Published: August 2020

The study of co-expression programs in the context of cancer can help to elucidate the genetic mechanisms that are altered and lead to the disease. The identification of gene co-expression patterns, unique to healthy profiles (and absent in cancer) is an important step in this direction. Networks are a good tool for achieving this as they allow to model local and global structural properties of the gene co-expression program. This is the case of gene co-expression networks (GCNs), where nodes or vertices represent genes and an edge between two nodes exists if the corresponding genes are co-expressed. Single threshold co-expression networks are often used for this purpose. However, important interactions in a broader co-expression space needed to unravel such mechanisms may be overlooked. In this work, we use a multilayer network approach that allows us to study co-expression as a discrete object, starting at weak levels of co-expression building itself upward towards the top co-expressing gene pairs.We use a multilayer GCNs (or simply GCNs), to compare healthy and breast cancer co-expression programs. By using the layers of the gene co-expression networks, we were able to identify a structural mechanism unique in the healthy GCN similar to well-known preferential attachment. We argue that this mechanism may be a reflection of an organizational principle that remains absent in the breast cancer co-expression program. By focusing on two well-defined set of nodes in the top co-expression layers of the GCNs—namely hubs and nodes in the main core of the network—we found a set of genes that is well conserved across the co-expression program. Specifically, we show that nodes with high inter-connectedness as opposed to high connectedness are conserved in the healthy GCN. This set of genes, we discuss, may partake in several different functional pathways in the regulatory program. Finally, we found that breast cancer GCN is composed of two different structural mechanisms, one that is random and is composed by most of the co-expression layers, and another non-random mechanism found only in the top co-expression layers.Overall, we are able to construct within this approach a portrait of the whole transcriptome co-expression program, thus providing a novel manner to study this complex biological phenomenon.
Romantic relationships and sexuality in diverse adolescent populations: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Espinosa‐Hernández Graciela , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , van de Bongardt Daphne , Van Dulmen Manfred
Published: August 2020

Although scientific research on adolescent romantic and sexual development has proliferated in recent years, currently, too little is known about how development in these areas can be understood across diverse populations (e.g., different socio‐cultural groups within countries) and contexts (e.g., countries or different proximal social environments). The goal of the current virtual special issue in the Journal of Adolescence was to highlight relevant and timely empirical findings from studies utilizing innovative and diverse research methods in the areas of adolescent romantic and sexual development from around the globe, with an emphasis on data collected outside of the Western world. It combines an interesting set of nine empirical papers, which describe datasets from 5 countries (Canada, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and the United States). In this editorial, we provide an introduction to this special issue, and illustrate how these studies expand our understanding of adolescent romantic and sexual development by examining: 1) romantic and sexual relationship constructs that are relevant for understudied and diverse populations; 2) how culture‐specific factors may shape adolescents’ romantic and sexual relationships; 3) how romantic and sexual relationship constructs are linked to psychosocial adjustment outcomes in understudied cultural contexts; 4) the role of different proximal social environments (e.g., parents, siblings, peers) in romantic and sexual development in diverse populations.
Constitutionalizing Trans-Border Nationhood: From Latin American Perspectives
Authors: JO Hee-Moon
Published: August 2020

The relationship between state and absent citizens is becoming more important since the globalization of the 1990s. Countries usually try to increase the number of their citizens through two methods. The first is by increasing the number of nationals living abroad using a dual-nationality system. The second is by expanding national power through dual culturalism. These methods increase the international capacity of the home state through the expansion of the de facto state territory from the perspective of network-power theory. Latin American countries have been relatively passive in this diaspora-engagement policy, but recently they have begun to show an active attitude by revising their migration policy—amendments to the Constitution and migration law, dual nationality, dual culturalism, voting rights abroad, and upgrading the status of diaspora agencies, etc. However, it is still unclear how the multinational and multi-ethnic Latin American countries conceptualize diaspora. This paper analyzes the diaspora-engagement policy of Latin American countries from the standpoint of network-power theory and tries to find out what its theoretical framework is. This paper concludes that the theorization work on diaspora should continue to track and analyze these policy changes, since it is difficult to understand what the diaspora concept is and what policy objectives the state is pursuing under the current diaspora-engagement policy.
Beyond “Sex Work”: Japanese Night Work and “Shakai-Keiken”
Authors: KUROSAWA Aki
Published: August 2020

This article rethinks the hegemonic “sex-work” discourses—popular sex-work discourse and radical-feminist discourse—that associate Japanese night work with prostitution and consider young women workers in this industry as victims. These discourses reinforce sex-work oppression–empowerment paradigms, which limit workers’ experiences to either oppressive/empowering, good/bad, and positive/negative. This research draws on transnational feminism and a polymorphous approach to the complex nature of sex work. In doing so, this article addresses three aspects of Japanese night work, including young Japanese women’s motivation to go into night work, their conceptualization of work they engage in, and shakai-keiken (social experience) that they gain out of doing night work. This article encourages readers to step away from dominant Western discourses and look closely at the nuanced nature of Japanese night work in its own context.
Name, Shame, and Jail: An Interview with Anas Aremeyaw Anas
Authors: Engmann Rachel Ama Asaa
Published: August 2020

Anas Aremeyaw Anas has been called Africa’s “most notorious” journalist.1He has produced documentaries extensively about human rights and corruption in Africa. As an undercover investigator, he is infamous for working in disguise. Operating under the mantra, “name, shame, and jail,” Anas describes himself as a “modern day crime fighter.” Anas has won numerous accolades, in Ghana and internationally, for work exploring illegal mining, sex work, infertility clinics, mental health care, cocoa plantations and child labor, corruption in the judiciary and international football. Anas sat down for an interview with Rachel Ama Asaa Engmann in 2018 to discuss his methods and interests.
Dissecting Electoral Support for the Far Right: A Comparison between Mature and Post-Communist European Democracies
Authors: Brils Tobias , Muis Jasper , Gaidytė Teodora
Published: August 2020

This article investigates three explanations for electoral support for the far right – ‘cultural backlash’, ‘economic grievances’ and ‘protest voting’ – in a novel way. Our main contribution is that we contrast far-right voters with voters of centre-right parties, traditional left-wing parties and abstainers. Equally innovative is the comparison between mature and post-communist democracies. Using European Social Survey data (2014–16), we conclude that anti-immigration attitudes are most important in distinguishing far-right voters from all other groups. Yet, these differences are significantly smaller in Eastern Europe. Furthermore, far-right voters are not the so-called socioeconomic ‘losers of globalization’: this is only true when compared with centre-right voters. Concerning protest voting, distrust of supranational governance particularly enhances far-right voting. Overall, our study concludes that more fine-grained distinctions pay off and avoid misleading generalizations about ‘European far-right voters’ often presented in public debates.
Agurumyela's art of connection: Christopher Azaare's project of curating Gurensi history and culture
Authors: Ignatov Anatoli
Published: August 2020

This article explores the innovative and hybrid intellectual project of Christopher Azaare Anabila. Since 1976, Azaare has been documenting the histories of the Gurensi and Boosi people of northern Ghana and has crafted genealogical maps of whole villages and clans. He has written manuscripts on taboos, totems, proverbs, missionary activities, cultural institutions and anti-colonial resistance. Because of this work, people have begun to refer to Azaare asAgurumyela, which in Gurene means ‘a person who digs into people's past’. Central to this lifelong endeavour is the museum of Gurensi culture that Azaare has been building in Gowrie. I present Azaare's views of this wide-ranging process of collection and re-casting and reflect on his motivation to reclaim history and curating authority from professional academics. I argue that Azaare's project allows us to recognize the ubiquitous existence of a vibrant strand of African intellectual creativity that combines multiple repertoires and draws on overlapping and diverse productions in different modes and media. Next, I turn to Azaare's manuscript on the institution oftindaanaship(earth custodians). I explore his genealogical method as anart of connectionthat highlights his role as an engaged community intellectual, weaving extensive networks between Gurensi communities, officials and academics.
The interaction between energy intake, physical activity and UCP2 -866G/A gene variation on weight gain and changes in adiposity: an Indonesian Nutrigenetic Cohort (INDOGENIC)
Authors: Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio , Sulistyoningrum Dian Caturini , Huriyati Emy , Lee Yi Yi , Muda Wan Abdul Manan Wan
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed to investigate an interaction between energy intake, physical activity and UCP2 gene variation on weight gain and adiposity changes in Indonesian adults. This is a prospective cohort study conducted in 323 healthy adults living in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Energy intake, physical activity, body weight, BMI, percentage body fat and waist:hip ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline and after 2 years while UCP2 -866G/A gene variation was determined at baseline. We reported that after 2 years subjects had a significant increment in body weight, BMI, body fat and reduction in WHR (all P < 0·05). In all subjects, total energy intake was significantly correlated with changes in body weight (β = 0·128, P = 0·023) and body fat (β = 0·123, P = 0·030). Among subjects with the GG genotype, changes in energy intake were positively correlated with changes in body weight (β = 0·232, P = 0·016) and body fat (β = 0·201, P = 0·034). These correlations were insignificant among those with AA + GA genotypes (all P > 0·05). In summary, we show that UCP2 gene variation might influence the adiposity response towards changes in energy intake. Subjects with the GG genotype of UCP2 -866G/A gene were more responsive to energy intake, thus more prone to weight gain due to overeating.
AN INVARIANT OF LEGENDRIAN AND TRANSVERSE LINKS FROM OPEN BOOK DECOMPOSITIONS OF CONTACT 3-MANIFOLDS
Authors: CAVALLO ALBERTO
Published: August 2020

We introduce a generalization of the Lisca–Ozsváth–Stipsicz–Szabó Legendrian invariant
${\mathfrak L}$
to links in every rational homology sphere, using the collapsed version of link Floer homology. We represent a Legendrian link L in a contact 3-manifold
${(M,\xi)}$
with a diagram D, given by an open book decomposition of
${(M,\xi)}$
adapted to L, and we construct a chain complex
${cCFL^-(D)}$
with a special cycle in it denoted by
${\mathfrak L(D)}$
. Then, given two diagrams
${D_1}$
and
${D_2}$
which represent Legendrian isotopic links, we prove that there is a map between the corresponding chain complexes that induces an isomorphism in homology and sends
${\mathfrak L(D_1)}$
into
${\mathfrak L(D_2)}$
. Moreover, a connected sum formula is also proved and we use it to give some applications about non-loose Legendrian links; that are links such that the restriction of
${\xi}$
on their complement is tight.
Institutional Debtholder Governance
Authors: Keswani Aneel , Tran Anh , Volpin Paolo
Published: August 2020

Using data on the universe of U.S. based mutual funds, we find that two out of five fund families hold corporate bonds of firms in which they also own an equity stake. We show that the greater the fraction of debt a fund family holds in a given firm, the greater its propensity to vote in line with the interests of firm debtholders at shareholder meetings, even when against Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) recommendation. Voting has direct policy consequences as firms that receive more votes in favor of creditors make corporate decisions more in line with the interests of debtholders.
Cystic echinococcosis of the interventricular septum: a rare clinical presentation
Authors: İriz Erkan , Yaylı Semih , Kula Serdar
Published: August 2020

Cystic echinococcosis caused by infection with the larvae form of Echinococcus granulosus remains highly endemic and constitutes a public health concern in some regions of the world. In this case report, we present a rare children case of interventricular hydatid cyst with a size of approximately 5 cm and its successful treatment.
Memoirs of an Old Victorianist
Authors: Levine George
Published: August 2020

To my astonishment, I find myself not “old,” not as we all feel at least for moments during middle age, but really old: eighty-seven-years-plus as I write this piece. It won't be finished until I am eighty-eight! That hard-to-swallow fact is what allows me this rather self-indulgent retrospective on a Victorianist career that has spanned several generations of criticism and scholarship. Perhaps, I dare to think, a look back at the arc of that career might be of interest to someone beside myself, moving as it does from the time—around Christmas 1958, when I began writing on a portable electric typewriter a dissertation on George Eliot and determinism—to this moment, when writing a dissertation on a single author seems rather risky and professionally unhelpful, especially if one tries to do it on a typewriter.
Elterliche Wahrnehmung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern mit spezifischer Sprachentwicklungsstörung
Authors: Helbig Lisann , Caffier Philipp , Sarrar Lea
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Kinder mit spezifischer Sprachentwicklungsstörung (SSES) leiden häufig unter Problemen in der alltäglichen Kommunikation, worauf sie mit oppositionellem Verhalten oder sozialem Rückzug reagieren können. Aufgrund eines Mangels an Untersuchungen von Kindern im Vorschulalter zu dieser Thematik beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Studie mit dem Auftreten von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern mit SSES im Alter von 4;0 bis 5;11 Jahren. Zudem wird die Wahrnehmung beider Elternteile berücksichtigt und anschließend verglichen. Methode: An der Querschnittsstudie nahmen 30 Kinder mit SSES und 40 sprachgesunde Kinder teil. Beide Gruppen wurden hinsichtlich ihres Intelligenzquotienten und sozioökonomischen Status gematcht. Mithilfe einer Testbatterie wurden alle Kinder auf ihren Sprachstatus untersucht. Zur Erfassung psychischer Auffälligkeiten wurde die Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: In mehreren CBCL-Skalen sowie im Gesamtwert ließen sich signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Kindern mit SSES und der Kontrollgruppe feststellen. Dabei zeigten Kinder mit SSES stets die stärkere Symptomausprägung. Sie erreichten außerdem signifikant häufiger auffällige T-Werte (≥ 64). Die elterliche Wahrnehmung unterschied sich nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse weisen auf Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bereits bei Vorschulkindern mit SSES hin. Dabei scheinen insbesondere soziale Probleme und Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme, aber auch internalisierende Störungen eine Rolle zu spielen.
Implementierung von «Chronic Care» bei Menschen mit COPD in der Schweiz
Authors: Steurer-Stey Claudia
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung. Ein effektives Management von Menschen mit COPD bedarf einer engen Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Dienstleister mit dem Ziel einer nicht so sehr reaktiven, sondern proaktiven, kontinuierlichen und nutzbringenden Betreuung. Eine koordinierte Implementierung der prognoseverbessernden Massnahmen und die Förderung der Kompetenz der Betroffenen sind wichtige Schlüsselelemente. Dieser Artikel berichtet über Chronic-Care-Ansätze in der Behandlung und Begleitung von COPD-Betroffenen in der Schweiz.
Developing a Cloud Scheme With Prognostic Cloud Fraction and Two Moment Microphysics for ECHAM‐HAM
Authors: Muench Steffen , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: August 2020

We present a new cloud scheme for the ECHAM‐HAM global climate model (GCM) that includes prognostic cloud fraction and allows for subsaturation and supersaturation with respect to ice separately in the cloud‐free and cloudy air. Stratiform clouds form by convective detrainment, turbulent vertical diffusion, and large‐scale ascent. For each process, the corresponding cloud fraction is calculated, and the individual updraft velocities are used to determine cloud droplet/ice crystal number concentrations. Further, convective condensate is always detrained as supercooled cloud droplets at mixed‐phase temperatures (between 235 and 273 K), and convectively detrained ice crystal number concentrations are calculated based on the updraft velocity. Finally, the new scheme explicitly calculates condensation/evaporation and deposition/sublimation rates for phase‐change calculations. The new cloud scheme simulates a reasonable present‐day climate, reduces the previously overestimated cirrus cloud fraction, and in general improves the simulation of ice clouds. The model simulates the observed in‐cloud supersaturation for cirrus clouds, and it allows for a better representation of the tropical to extra‐tropical ratio of the longwave cloud radiative effect. Further, the ice water path, the ice crystal number concentrations, and the supercooled liquid fractions in mixed‐phase clouds agree better with observations in the new model than in the reference model. Ice crystal formation is dominated by the liquid‐origin processes of convective detrainment and homogeneous freezing of cloud droplets. The simulated ice clouds strongly depend on model tuning choices, in particular, the enhancement of the aggregation rate of ice crystals.
TSPAN5 influences serotonin and kynurenine: pharmacogenomic mechanisms related to alcohol use disorder and acamprosate treatment response
Authors: Ho Ming-Fen , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Lingxin , Wei Lixuan , Zhou Ying , Moon Irene , Geske Jennifer R. , Choi Doo-Sup , Biernacka Joanna , Frye Mark , Wen Zhexing , Karpyak Victor M. , Li Hu , Weinshilboum Richard
Published: August 2020

We previously reported that SNPs near TSPAN5 were associated with plasma serotonin (5-HT) concentrations which were themselves associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). TSPAN5 SNPs were also associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk. The present study was designed to explore the biological function of TSPAN5 with a focus on 5-HT and kynurenine concentrations in the tryptophan pathway. Ethanol treatment resulted in decreased 5-HT concentrations in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuron culture media, and the downregulation of gene expression of TSPAN5, DDC, MAOA, MAOB, TPH1, and TPH2 in those cells. Strikingly, similar observations were made when the cells were treated with acamprosate—an FDA approved drug for AUD therapy. These results were replicated in iPSC-derived astrocytes. Furthermore, TSPAN5 interacted physically with proteins related to clathrin and other vesicle-related proteins, raising the possibility that TSPAN5 might play a role in vesicular function in addition to regulating expression of genes associated with 5-HT biosynthesis and metabolism. Downregulation of TSPAN5 expression by ethanol or acamprosate treatment was also associated with decreased concentrations of kynurenine, a major metabolite of tryptophan that plays a role in neuroinflammation. Knockdown of TSPAN5 also influenced the expression of genes associated with interferon signaling pathways. Finally, we determined that TSPAN5 SNPs were associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes in AUD patients. In conclusion, TSPAN5 can modulate the concentrations of 5-HT and kynurenine. Our data also highlight a potentially novel pharmacogenomic mechanism related to response to acamprosate.
Neohesperidin enhances PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviates hepatic steatosis in high fat diet fed mice
Authors: Wang Si-wei , Sheng Hao , Bai Yong-feng , Weng Yuan-yuan , Fan Xue-yu , Lou Li-jun , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2020

Backgrounds

Mitochondria plays a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Neohesperidin (NHP) could lower blood glucose and prevent obesity in mice. However, the direct effect of NHP on hepatic steatosis has not been reported.

Methods

Mice were fed with either a chow diet or HFD with or without oral gavage of NHP for 12 weeks. A variety of biochemical and histological indicators were examined. In vitro cell culture model was utilized to demonstrate underlying molecular mechanism of the effect induced by NHP treatment.

Results

NHP increases mitochondrial biogenesis, improves hepatic steatosis and systematic insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. NHP elevates hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation by increasing PGC-1α expression. Mechanistically, the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in NHP induced PGC-1α expression.

Conclusions

PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis plays a vital role in the mitigation of hepatic steatosis treated by NHP. Our result suggests that NHP is a good candidate to be dietary supplement for the auxiliary treatment of NAFLD.
Electroconvulsive therapy modulates functional interactions between submodules of the emotion regulation network in major depressive disorder
Authors: Xu Jinping , Wei Qiang , Bai Tongjian , Wang Lijie , Li Xuemei , He Zhengyu , Wu Jianhuang , Hu Qingmao , Yang Xun , Wang Chao , Tian Yanghua , Wang Jiaojian , Wang Kai
Published: August 2020

An increasing number of neuroimaging studies have consistently revealed that disrupted functional interactions within the cognitive emotion regulation network (ERN) contribute to the onset of major depressive disorders (MDD). To disentangle the functional reorganization of ERN after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in MDD is curial for understanding its neuropathology. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected from 23 MDD patients before and after ECT, as well as 25 healthy controls. Network modularity analysis was used to identify the submodules and functional connectivity (FC) was used to investigate the functional reorganization of ERN in the MDD patients after ECT. Four submodules of ERN were identified, including emotion response module (ERM), emotion integration module (EIM), emotion generation module (EGM), and emotion execution module (EEM). The increased intra-modular FC of EEM and inter-modular FCs of EEM with EIM\ERM were found in MDD patients after ECT. Modular transition analysis revealed that left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, posterior cingulate cortex, right angular gyrus, and right precentral gyrus were transferred across different submodules across the three groups. Further analyses showed correlations between changed FC and clinical symptoms in the MDD patients after ECT. Finally, we also identified 11 increased connections between nodes belonging to different submodules of ERN in MDD patients after ECT. These results showed that ECT could induce functional reorganization of intra- and inter-modules within the ERN, and the functional changes were related to therapeutic efficacy or memory impairments of ECT in MDD patients.
Phosphorus-rich stars with unusual abundances are challenging theoretical predictions
Authors: Masseron Thomas , García-Hernández D. A. , Santoveña Raúl , Manchado Arturo , Zamora Olga , Manteiga Minia , Dafonte Carlos
Published: August 2020

Almost all chemical elements have been made by nucleosynthetic reactions in various kind of stars and have been accumulated along our cosmic history. Among those elements, the origin of phosphorus is of extreme interest because it is known to be essential for life such as we know on Earth. However, current models of (Galactic) chemical evolution under-predict the phosphorus we observe in our Solar System. Here we report the discovery of 15 phosphorus-rich stars with unusual overabundances of O, Mg, Si, Al, and Ce. Phosphorus-rich stars likely inherit their peculiar chemistry from another nearby stellar source but their intriguing chemical abundance pattern challenge the present stellar nucleosynthesis theoretical predictions. Specific effects such as rotation or advanced nucleosynthesis in convective-reactive regions in massive stars represent the most promising alternatives to explain the existence of phosphorus-rich stars. The phosphorus-rich stars progenitors may significantly contribute to the phosphorus present on Earth today.
Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications
Authors: Swyer Ariel , Powers Albert R.
Published: August 2020

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control. However, recent work with voice hearers makes clear that both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking voice hearers may exert varying degrees of control over their voices. Evidence suggests that this ability may be a key factor in determining health status, but little systematic examination of control in AVH has been carried out. This review provides an overview of the research examining control over AVH in both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. We first examine the relationship between control over AVH and health status as well as the psychosocial factors that may influence control and functioning. We then link control to various cognitive constructs that appear to be important for voice hearing. Finally, we reconcile the possibility of control with the field’s current understanding of the proposed cognitive, computational, and neural underpinnings of hallucinations and perception more broadly. Established relationships between control, health status, and functioning suggest that the development of control over AVH could increase functioning and reduce distress. A more detailed understanding of the discrete types of control, their development, and their neural underpinnings is essential for translating this knowledge into new therapeutic approaches.
A replication-defective Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine candidate with NS1 deletion confers dual protection against JEV and West Nile virus in mice
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Zhang Ya-Nan , Liu Jing , Deng Cheng-Lin , Shi Pei-Yong , Yuan Zhi-Ming , Ye Han-Qing , Zhang Bo
Published: August 2020

In our previous study, we have demonstrated in the context of WNV-ΔNS1 vaccine (a replication-defective West Nile virus (WNV) lacking NS1) that the NS1 trans-complementation system may offer a promising platform for the development of safe and efficient flavivirus vaccines only requiring one dose. Here, we produced high titer (107 IU/ml) replication-defective Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) with NS1 deletion (JEV-ΔNS1) in the BHK-21 cell line stably expressing NS1 (BHKNS1) using the same strategy. JEV-ΔNS1 appeared safe with a remarkable genetic stability and high degrees of attenuation of in vivo neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated to be highly immunogenic in mice after a single dose, providing similar degrees of protection to SA14-14-2 vaccine (a most widely used live attenuated JEV vaccine), with healthy condition, undetectable viremia and gradually rising body weight. Importantly, we also found JEV-ΔNS1 induced robust cross-protective immune responses against the challenge of heterologous West Nile virus (WNV), another important member in the same JEV serocomplex, accounting for up to 80% survival rate following a single dose of immunization relative to mock-vaccinated mice. These results not only support the identification of the NS1-deleted flavivirus vaccines with a satisfied balance between safety and efficacy, but also demonstrate the potential of the JEV-ΔNS1 as an alternative vaccine candidate against both JEV and WNV challenge.
Targeting HIV Env immunogens to B cell follicles in nonhuman primates through immune complex or protein nanoparticle formulations
Authors: Martin Jacob T. , Cottrell Christopher A. , Antanasijevic Aleksandar , Carnathan Diane G. , Cossette Benjamin J. , Enemuo Chiamaka A. , Gebru Etse H. , Choe Yury , Viviano Federico , Fischinger Stephanie , Tokatlian Talar , Cirelli Kimberly M. , Ueda George , Copps Jeffrey , Schiffner Torben , Menis Sergey , Alter Galit , Schief William R. , Crotty Shane , King Neil P. , Baker David , Silvestri Guido , Ward Andrew B. , Irvine Darrell J.
Published: August 2020

Following immunization, high-affinity antibody responses develop within germinal centers (GCs), specialized sites within follicles of the lymph node (LN) where B cells proliferate and undergo somatic hypermutation. Antigen availability within GCs is important, as B cells must acquire and present antigen to follicular helper T cells to drive this process. However, recombinant protein immunogens such as soluble human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) trimers do not efficiently accumulate in follicles following traditional immunization. Here, we demonstrate two strategies to concentrate HIV Env immunogens in follicles, via the formation of immune complexes (ICs) or by employing self-assembling protein nanoparticles for multivalent display of Env antigens. Using rhesus macaques, we show that within a few days following immunization, free trimers were present in a diffuse pattern in draining LNs, while trimer ICs and Env nanoparticles accumulated in B cell follicles. Whole LN imaging strikingly revealed that ICs and trimer nanoparticles concentrated in as many as 500 follicles in a single LN within two days after immunization. Imaging of LNs collected seven days postimmunization showed that Env nanoparticles persisted on follicular dendritic cells in the light zone of nascent GCs. These findings suggest that the form of antigen administered in vaccination can dramatically impact localization in lymphoid tissues and provides a new rationale for the enhanced immune responses observed following immunization with ICs or nanoparticles.
A data resource from concurrent intracranial stimulation and functional MRI of the human brain
Authors: Thompson W. H. , Nair R. , Oya H. , Esteban O. , Shine J. M. , Petkov C. I. , Poldrack R. A. , Howard M. , Adolphs R.
Published: August 2020

Mapping the causal effects of one brain region on another is a challenging problem in neuroscience that we approached through invasive direct manipulation of brain function together with concurrent whole-brain measurement of the effects produced. Here we establish a unique resource and present data from 26 human patients who underwent electrical stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (es-fMRI). The patients had medically refractory epilepsy requiring surgically implanted intracranial electrodes in cortical and subcortical locations. One or multiple contacts on these electrodes were stimulated while simultaneously recording BOLD-fMRI activity in a block design. Multiple runs exist for patients with different stimulation sites. We describe the resource, data collection process, preprocessing using the fMRIPrep analysis pipeline and management of artifacts, and provide end-user analyses to visualize distal brain activation produced by site-specific electrical stimulation. The data are organized according to the brain imaging data structure (BIDS) specification, and are available for analysis or future dataset contributions on openneuro.org including both raw and preprocessed data.
Mapping of 30-meter resolution tile-drained croplands using a geospatial modeling approach
Authors: Valayamkunnath Prasanth , Barlage Michael , Chen Fei , Gochis David J. , Franz Kristie J.
Published: August 2020

Tile drainage is one of the dominant agricultural management practices in the United States and has greatly expanded since the late 1990s. It has proven effects on land surface water balance and quantity and quality of streamflow at the local scale. The effect of tile drainage on crop production, hydrology, and the environment on a regional scale is elusive due to lack of high-resolution, spatially-explicit tile drainage area information for the Contiguous United States (CONUS). We developed a 30-m resolution tile drainage map of the most-likely tile-drained area of the CONUS (AgTile-US) from county-level tile drainage census using a geospatial model that uses soil drainage information and topographic slope as inputs. Validation of AgTile-US with 16000 ground truth points indicated 86.03% accuracy at the CONUS-scale. Over the heavily tile-drained midwestern regions of the U.S., the accuracy ranges from 82.7% to 93.6%. These data can be used to study and model the hydrologic and water quality responses of tile drainage and to enhance streamflow forecasting in tile drainage dominant regions.