bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphology of the Ventral Process of the Sixth Cervical Vertebra in Extinct and Extant Equus: Functional Implications
Authors: May-Davis Sharon , Hunter Robert , White Richard
Published: April 2023

This study examined the ventral process of C6 in extinct and extant Equus (sister taxa to Equus ferus caballus only) with the purpose of describing normal morphology and identifying anomalous variations relevant to recent studies describing a congenital malformation in E. ferus caballus. Overall, 83 specimens from 9 museums and 3 research/educational facilities were examined – 71 extinct specimens from 12 species and 12 extant specimens from 5 species. The lateral view revealed a large convexity existed in the ventral process between the cranial ventral tubercle (CrVT) and the caudal ventral tubercle (CVT) in the earliest ancestor Hyracotherium grangeri 55mya that receded throughout the millennia to a smaller convexity in E. ferus caballus and sister taxa. The CrVT was visibly shorter and narrower than the CVT with a constricted section directly ventral to the transverse process essentially demarcating the CrVT and CVT. No congenital malformations were evident. As the ventral process of C6 is an integral component for muscle attachment in supporting the head/neck during posture and locomotion, this would indicate the caudal module in the cervical column might be compromised when a partial or complete absence of the CVT is detected via radiographs in modern E. ferus caballus.
Effect of Age, Sex, and COVID-19 Vaccination History on All-Cause Mortality: Unexpected Outcomes in a Complex Biological and Social System
Authors: Jones Rodney P , Ponomarenko Andrey
Published: April 2023

All vaccines exhibit both specific and non-specific effects. The specific effects are measured by the efficacy against the target pathogen, while the non-specific effects can be detected by the change in all-cause mortality . All-cause mortality data (gender, age band, vaccination history, month of death) between January 2021 and May 2022 was compiled by the Office for National Statistics. COVID–19 vaccination gave good protection on many occasions but less so for younger ages. Each gender and age group shows its own unique vaccination benefit/disbenefit time profile. Individuals are free to make vaccination decisions. For example, women aged 18-39 show a cohort who do not progress beyond the first or second dose. The all-cause mortality outcomes for the Omicron variant showed a very poor response to vaccination with 70% of sex/age/vaccination stage/month combinations increasing all-cause mortality, probably due to unfavorable antigenic distance between the first-generation vaccines and this variant, and additional non-specific effects. The all-cause mortality outcomes of COVID–19 vaccination is far more nuanced than have been widely appreciated, and virus vector appear better than the mRNA vaccines in this specific respect. The latter are seemingly more likely to increase all-cause mortality especially in younger age groups. An extensive discussion/literature review is included to provide potential explanations for the observed unexpected vaccine effects.
Uncovering the Impact of Childhood and Adolescent Experiences on UAE Women's Leadership Development
Authors: Al Naqbi Shamma
Published: April 2023

This research paper aimed to explore the impact of childhood and adolescent experiences on the leadership development of Emirati women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Using a qualitative research methodology, the study utilized in-depth narrative semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and diary writing to understand the complex issue of leadership development. Findings indicate that childhood and adolescent experiences, including family upbringing, education, culture, and societal expectations, have significant impacts on the leadership development of Emirati women. Specifically, family upbringing and cultural values shape Emirati women's leadership aspirations and behaviors, while education and societal expectations provide opportunities and barriers for women's leadership development. The implications of these findings for policymakers and practitioners seeking to promote women's leadership development in the UAE are discussed.
Water Chemistry Impact on Activated Corrosion Products Assessment in Tokamak Reactors
Authors: Molinari Martina , D’Onorio Matteo , Mariano Giovanni , Terranova Nicholas , Caruso Gianfranco
Published: April 2023

Activated Corrosion Products (ACPs) formation and deposition pose a critical safety issue for nuclear fusion reactors. The working fluid transports the ACPs towards regions accessible to worker personnel. Predicting ACPs formation deposition and transport is fundamental for source term identification, reduction of radiation exposure assessment, maintenance plan definition, design optimization, and waste management. The code OSCAR-Fusion has been developed by the CEA (France) to evaluate the ACPs generation and transport in closed water-cooled loops for fusion application. This work aims at assessing the impact of water chemistry on the transport, precipitation, and deposition of corrosion products for the EU-DEMO divertor Plasma Facing Unit Primary Heat Transfer System. Sensitivity analyses and uncertainty quantification are needed due to the multi-physics phenomena involved in ACPs formation and transport. The OSCAR-Fusion/RAVEN code coupling developed by the Sapienza University of Rome and ENEA has been used. This work presents the perturbation results of different parameters chosen for a closed water-cooled loop considering a continuous scenario of 1888 days. The aim of this work is to assess the variation of build-up of ACPs, perturbing the alkalizing agent concentration into the coolant and the corrosion and release rates of different materials.
Coccidioidal Pulmonary Cavitation: A New Age
Authors: Kooner Lovedip , Munoz Augustine , Garcia Austin , Kaur Akriti , Sharma Rupam , Bustamante Virginia , Narang Vishal , Thompson III George R. , Kuran Rasha , Berjis Amir , Johnson Royce H. , Heidari Arash
Published: April 2023

Coccidioides spp are thermally dimorphic fungi found in geographically defined areas of the Western Hemisphere. The primary portal of entry is respiratory, with a symptomatic pneumonic disease as the most common presentation. Subsequent pulmonary complications as well as extrapulmonary metastatic infection may occur, either of which may be the presenting disease manifestation. Cavitary lung disease may be found incidentally or when investigating symptoms such as cough or hemoptysis. This study aims to explore the spectrum of coccidioidal cavities and the evaluation and management in a cohort of patients seen at Kern Medical over the last 12 years.
VELOCITY AND WALL PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Voskoboinick Volodymyr , Voskoboinyk Oleksandr , Cherniy Dmutro , Voskobiinyk Andriy
Published: April 2023

The results of the study of the velocity pulsation field and the near-wall pressure of the turbulent boundary layer, which is formed on a flexible elongated cylinder and a hydraulically smooth flat plate, are presented. Peculiarities of the interaction of the velocity and pressure fields in the boundary layer are shown; sound and pseudosonic sources of hydrodynamic noise are characterized. The integral, correlation and spectral characteristics of the field of velocity pulsations and wall pressure in the turbulent boundary layer are analyzed. The relationship between these statistical characteristics is shown, as well as the mechanisms and sources that influence the behavior of these characteristics. It is noted that large-scale vortex structures and small-scale vortices are formed in the turbulent boundary layer, which form the outer and inner regions of the boundary layer. It is established that large-scale vortex structures generate pressure fluctuations, whose probability density distribution law is close to Gaussian law, and small-scale vortices that generate high-frequency or low-wave fluctuations have a non-Gaussian law of probability distribution of pulsation density. The interaction of coherent vortex structures with each other and with the streamlined surface leads to changes in the integral, correlation and spectral characteristics of the velocity and pressure fields. It is noted that with increasing the distance between the pressure fluctuation sensors, the correlation of signals decreases, and the delay time of correlated signals increases. Thus, with the increasing of the distance between the measuring points, the correlated fluctuations are those generated by the large-scale vortex structures. It is determined that the highest levels of velocity and pressure fluctuations are generated by the large-scale vortex structures that have the highest coherence. The results obtained make it possible to characterize coherent vortex structures, their features of formation, places of origin, scales, directions and velocities of transfer.
PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES WITH LONG-TERM MEMORY
Authors: Chikina Nataliia , Antonova Iryna
Published: April 2023

Predictive analysis with the use of nonlinear dynamics methods, chaos theory of real time series, characterizing the prevalence of a certain class of skin pathologies in Ukraine was carried out. The basis for such studies is the Tackens' theorem. The considered time series does not conform to the normal distribution law, and the hypothesis of a trend is not confirmed for them. According to previous studies, the authors calculated the fractality index \mu, the value of which indicates the state of relative stability of the studied process. The assessment of the correlation confirmed the practical absence of the influence of the present on the future in the studied numerical series. The bifurcation of the attractor revealed during the construction of the time series phase portrait allows the system to have such changes in its state that can be interpreted as jump-like or close to them. The value of the Lyapunov characteristic exponent confirms that the trajectory of the studied time series is chaotic. In the presented research, the procedure of qualitative analysis of the time series was carried out. Using the R/S procedure of fractal analysis, the effect of the time series long-term memory was revealed, the «depth of memory of the time series starting point» and the Hurst index were estimated. According to the performed calculations, the behavior of the H trajectory and R/S trajectory is such that it gives grounds to assert that the time series has a long-term memory. When carrying out the R/S procedure of fractal analysis of the time series as a whole, the time series of the family Q(X) of the initial time series X(t) were analyzed. The distribution of the memory depth estimates was constructed, the fuzzy set L(Q(X)) describing «memory depth of the time series X(t)» as a whole was formed, which is received from a sequence of pairs {1;\mu(1)}, where \mu(1) is the value of the membership function «depth l» of the fuzzy set L(Q(X)). The presence in the time series of the long-term memory effect makes it possible to apply the method of cellular automata in predicting its values.
Differences in the Academic Attributes of Matched and Unmatched Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants are Narrowing
Authors: Sudah Suleiman Y. , Imam Nareena , Sirch Francis , Nicholson Allen D. , Namdari Surena , Menendez Mariano E.
Published: April 2023

Background:

Orthopaedic surgery remains one of the most competitive residency specialties, with the number of applicants outpacing the availability of residency positions each year. The purpose of this study was to analyze present-day orthopaedic surgery match data, identify differences between matched and unmatched applicants, and compare our findings to previous trends.

Methods:

Applicant data from the National Resident Matching Program from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. The number of matched and unmatched US allopathic senior orthopaedic applicants relative to the number of available positions was used to determine respective match rates. Performance metrics and applicant characteristics were compared by match status. Trends were compared with those of previous analysis from 2006 to 2014.

Results:

The number of applicants increased from 863 in 2016 to 1,068 in 2022. The match rate decreased from 75% in 2016 to 66% in 2022 (p < 0.0001). Matched applicants had a higher number of contiguous ranks (12.3 vs. 6.5; p < 0.001), United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step-1 score (248 vs. 240; p < 0.001), USMLE Step-2 score (255 vs. 247; p < 0.001), Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership (38% vs. 13%; p < 0.001), and enrollment at a top 40 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded medical school (34% vs. 24%, p < 0.001). Compared with 2006 to 2014 data, a smaller percentage of matched applicants were enrolled in a top 40 NIH-funded medical school (34% vs. 37%, p = 0.013). The mean differences in USMLE Step-1 score (16 vs. 8.25 points, p < 0.001) and USMLE Step-2 score (16 vs. 8.25 points, p = 0.002) in favor of matched applicants nearly halved compared with that in 2006 to 2014. In addition, there was no longer a significant difference in the number of research products (abstracts, presentations, posters, and publications) between matched and unmatched applicants (p = 0.309).

Conclusions:

Differences in the academic attributes of matched and unmatched orthopaedic surgery applicants have become less profound over time, making it increasingly difficult to predict a successful match based on USMLE Step scores, AOA membership, research productivity, and medical school research reputation. Future studies should evaluate differences in subjective metrics (e.g., away rotation and interview performance and letters of recommendation) by match status.
Cuando la traducción se ajusta a la legislación: los documentos plurilingües del Registro Civil
Authors: Cobos López Ingrid
Published: April 2023

Con la apertura de fronteras de la Unión Europea y debido al movimiento actual de la población a distintos países, ya sea dentro de la UE o a cualquier otro país, los ciudadanos, como personas físicas, han de relacionarse con administraciones públicas que no hablan su idioma. Para ello, existe cierta legislación que pone a su disposición una serie de documentos plurilingües que los ciudadanos necesitan al moverse de un país a otro. Dichos documentos requieren la figura de un traductor jurídico que necesita, no solo conocer bien el lenguaje jurídico-administrativo, sino dominar también algunas ramas del Derecho. Con respecto a los documentos plurilingües, observamos que se encuentran con una gran variedad de tipologías y que algunas de ellas vienen reguladas en la legislación, por lo que el traductor debe conocer bien la legislación específica para poder traducir dichos documentos. En este trabajo pretendemos analizar la legislación internacional existente con respecto a los documentos plurilingües y su traducción.

 

With the opening of borders of the European Union and due to the current movement of the population to different countries, either within the EU or to any other country, citizens, as individuals, have to interact with public administrations that do not speak their languages. For this reason, there is a certain legislation that provides a series of multilingual documents that citizens need when moving from one country to another. These documents require the figure of a legal translator who needs, not only to know the legal-administrative language, but also to know about Law. With regard to multilingual documents, we see that they have a great variety of typologies and that most of them are regulated in the legislation. Therefore, the translator must know the specific legislation in order to be able to translate the mentioned documents. In this paper we intend to analyze the existing international legislation regarding multilingual documents and their translation.
Biochemical responses and volatile compounds in a peppermint chemotype grown in a controlled environment
Authors: Calgaro Laura Christina , Melisinas Valéria Aparecida Piovezan dos Santos , Gonçalves José Eduardo , Magalhães Hélida Mara
Published: April 2023

Peppermint is a medicinal plant with great economic importance for its protective effects against biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to assess the vegetative growth, biochemistry and volatile production of peppermint plants under elicitation. Nodal segments were inoculated in flasks containing Murashige and Skoog medium with one of four treatments (50 µM salicylic acid, 200 mg L− 1 chitosan, 25 µM copper sulphate, and control) and maintained for 90 days in a controlled environment. Copper treatment increased shoot growth by 43% and 68% compared with salicylic acid and chitosan, respectively. Furthermore, copper elicitation reduced the oxidation rate to only 13% and produced plants with better architecture. Salicylic acid and chitosan treatments increased the total phenolic content by 38% and 40%, respectively, compared with the control. The ferric reducing assay showed that salicylic acid and chitosan treatments increased the plant’s antioxidant activity by 82% and 96%, respectively, compared with the control. However, β-carotene, flavonoids and anthocyanins decreased with these treatments. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased by 63% and 54% in shoots elicited with salicylic acid and chitosan, respectively. Elicitor treatment increased the number of volatile compounds detected (control = 29, salicylic acid = 32, copper = 37, chitosan = 38). Elicitation promoted significant changes in plant metabolism and chemical composition, evidenced mainly by differences in the levels of 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-3-cyclopenten-1-one, d-limonene, eucalyptol, caryophyllene and l-alanine ethylamide. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the major class in control shoots, whereas oxygenated monoterpenes were the major compounds in elicited shoots.
Moderating effects of uric acid and sex on cognition and psychiatric symptoms in asymmetric Parkinson's disease
Authors: Constantin Ioana Medeleine , Voruz Philippe , Péron Julie Anne
Published: April 2023

Background. Non-motor symptoms are an important early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), encompassing a variety of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms that seem to manifest differently depending on motor symptom asymmetry. Different factors, such as uric acid (UA) and sex, seem to influence cognitive and psychiatric expression in PD, however their interplay remains to be better understood.
Methods. Participants taking part in the Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative were studied based on the side of motor-symptom asymmetry and sex. Three-way interaction modeling was used to examine the moderating effects of sex and UA on cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms.
Results. Significant three-way interactions were highlighted at one-year follow-upbetween motor symptom asymmetry, UA and sex for immediate and long-term memory in female patients exhibiting predominantly left-sided motor symptoms, and for processing speed and sleepiness in female patients exhibiting predominantly right-sided motor symptoms. No significant interactions were observed for male patients. Moreover, female patients exhibiting predominantly right-sided motor symptoms demonstrated lower serum UA concentrations and had overall better outcomes, while male patients with predominantly right-sided motor symptoms demonstrated particularly poor outcomes.
Conclusions. These findings suggest that in the earliest stages of the disease, UA and sex moderate cognitive functions and psychiatric symptomsdifferently depending on motor asymmetry, holding important clinical implications for symptom management in patients.
Differentiations of neonatal mice spermatogonial stem cells in presence of different concentration of alpha-Ketoglutarate
Authors: Jahanbakhsh Mahdi , Mirzapour Tooba , Asgari Fatemeh , Fadakar Hediyeh , Koruji Morteza
Published: April 2023

For the first time, alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) was used to differentiate Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the presence of BMP-4 and Retinoic acid. So, SSCs were isolated from testis of 3-6 day-old mice by enzymatic digestion by collagenase and trypsin. The Cell suspension was cultured for one week in DMEM/F12 and 20% FBS in presence of GDNF growth factor. The proliferated cells were divided between control and treatment groups. In the control group, the cells were cultured for three weeks in DMEM/F12 containing 10% FBS in presence of 10-6 M retinoic acid and 40 ng/ml of BMP-4. A dose of 0.1 M AKG was added to the treatment group. The presence of Sertoli cells in culture system was confirmed by positive reaction of vimentin immunocytochemistry. The colonies that appeared on Sertoli cells also showed positive alkaline phosphatase activity and Oct4 immunocytochemistry reaction. qRT-PCR studies showed that the expression of Acrosin and Sycp3 genes was low in two groups after 7 days of culture. 21 days after culture, in the treatment group, the expression of Acrosin and Sycp3 genes was significantly increased rather than control group (p≤0.05). Large number of early spermatids were observed in the treatment group based on TEM studies.
Don’t shoot! How poaching may affect richness, biomass, and occupancy of non-volant mammals in an Atlantic Forest protected area, Brazil
Authors: Ferreguetti Atilla , Allemand Marina M. , Pereira-Ribeiro Juliane , Tomas Walfrido M. , Rocha Carlos F. D. , Bergallo Helena G. , Miller David A. W.
Published: April 2023

Hunting in tropical forests provides nutrition and financial income for local communities and is deeply rooted in social and cultural traditions. On the other hand, this activity, by locally reducing or extirpating populations of game species, may be responsible for the degradation and loss of key forest maintenance services. In Brazil, hunting is illegal (hereafter referred to as poaching). We evaluated, by accounting for imperfect detectability, the effects caused by poaching on mammals in the Vale Natural Reserve. We collected data over 5-years (between 2013 to 2018) using line-transect and camera-trapping to evaluate poaching effects on the density, biomass, richness, and site occupancy of mammalian species. Our complete data set included a total survey effort of 32,175 camera days across five camera trap surveys (825 working days), with a total of 25,254 records of 27 non-volant mammals. We found a negative effect of poaching index on overall-species richness based on our multi-species occupancy model. The greatest reduction in biomass occurred for ungulates and armadillos. Our results suggest that poaching can have large consequences for biodiversity in one of Brazil's largest Atlantic Forest remnants. Ours is the first study in the Atlantic Forest estimating the medium-term poaching impact on mammalian populations, demonstrating a potentially negative effect on density, biomass, and occupancy of species which are of importance for local ecosystem functioning. We demonstrate the need to start monitoring other populations of vertebrates that are a target to poaching, not only in the Atlantic Forest but in other Neotropical ecosystems.
Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and Swallow Dysfunction after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Liu-Yuan , Hu Jing-Jie , He Jin-Cai , Huang Gui-Qian
Published: April 2023

Background Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a severe complication of stroke. Cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is a major risk factor for stroke and is associated with swallowing difficulties. Accumulating evidence suggests that enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs) are a feature of CSVD. We explored whether ePVSs affect swallowing function in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 395 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent swallowing examination after stroke who had a cerebral MRI at baseline. Swallowing function was ranked based on Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) score, and ePVSs were rated using a 4-level severity score according to the number of ePVSs in the basal ganglia (BG-ePVS).Results Post-stroke dysphagia was detected in 57.4% of the patients and was related to the presence of BG-ePVS. The degree of ePVS was associated with a strong increase in the risk for incident dysphagia, independent of other standard risk factors for dysphagia. A Spearman correlation analysis showed that an increased FOIS score correlated positively with an increase in the BGPS grade.Conclusions: BG-ePVS are associated with swallowing dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The larger the number of BG-ePVS, the more severe the post-stroke dysfunction in swallowing. Accordingly, ePVS should be considered a factor in the prediction of PSD.
Evolutionary and immune microenvironment dynamics during neoadjuvant treatment of oesophagael adenocarcinoma
Authors: Barroux Melissa , Househam Jacob , Lakatos Eszter , Ronel Tahel , Baker Ann-Marie , Salié Henrike , Mossner Max , Smith Kane , Kimberley Chris , Nowinski Salpie , Berner Alison , Gunasri Vinaya , Jansen Marnix , Caravagna Giulio , Steiger Katja , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Weichert Wilko , Alberstmeier Markus , Chain Benny , Friess Helmut , Bengsch Bertram , Schmid Roland , Siveke Jens , Quante Michael , Graham Trevor
Published: April 2023

Locally advanced oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains difficult to treat because of common resistance to neoadjuvant therapy and high recurrence rates. The ecological and evolutionary dynamics responsible for treatment failure are incompletely understood. Here, we performed a comprehensive multi-omic analysis of samples collected from EAC patients in the MEMORI clinical trial, revealing major changes in gene expression profiles and immune microenvironment composition that did not appear to be driven by changes in clonal composition. Multi-region multi-timepoint whole exome (300x depth) and paired transcriptome sequencing was performed on 27 patients pre-, during and after neoadjuvant treatment. EAC showed major transcriptomic changes during treatment with upregulation of immune and stromal pathways and oncogenic pathways such as KRAS, Hedgehog and WNT. However, genetic data revealed that clonal sweeps were rare, suggesting that gene expression changes were not clonally driven. Additional longitudinal image mass cytometry was performed in a subset of 15 patients and T-cell receptor sequencing in 10 patients, revealing remodelling of the T-cell compartment during treatment and other shifts in microenvironment composition. The presence of immune escape mechanisms and a lack of clonal T-cell expansions were linked to poor clinical treatment response. This study identifies profound transcriptional changes during treatment with limited evidence that clonal replacement is the cause, suggesting phenotypic plasticity and immune dynamics as mechanisms for therapy resistance with pharmacological relevance.
Investigation on the possibility for production of immune molecules by rat brain and pancreatic cells in their role as participants in regulatory pathways
Authors: Sainova Iskra Ventseslavova , Kolyovska Vera , Ilieva Iliana , Drenska Desislava , Maslarov Dimitar , Dimitrova-Dikanarova Dimitrina , Hadjiolova Radka , Markova Tzvetanka
Published: April 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Assessing ICD Data Quality and Its Impact on DRG Payments: Evidence from a Chinese Hospital
Authors: Zhang Ying , Han Dong , Lyu Chen , Jiang Xian-han , Wei Lingyun
Published: April 2023

Background The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) codes play a critical role as fundamental data for hospital management and can significantly impact Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs). This study investigated the quality issues associated with ICD data and their impact on improper DRG payments.Methods Our study analyzed data from a Chinese hospital between 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the impact of ICD data quality on CN-DRG evaluation variables and payments. We assessed different stages of the ICD generation process and established a standardized process for evaluating ICD data quality and relevant indicators. The validation of the Data Quality Assessment (DQA) was confirmed through sampling data.Results This study of 85,522 inpatient charts found that gynecology had the highest and obstetrics had the lowest diagnosis agreement rates. Pediatrics had the highest agreement rates for MDC and DRG, while neonatal pediatrics had the lowest. The CMI of Coder- showed to be more reasonable than physician-, with increased DRG payments in obstetrics and gynecology. The DQA model revealed coding errors ranging from 40.32–65.18% for physician and 12.29–23.65% for coder. Payment discrepancies were observed, with physicians resulting in underpayment and coders displaying overpayment in some cases.Conclusion ICD data is crucial for effective healthcare management, and implementing standardized and automated processes to assess ICD data quality can improve data accuracy. This enhances the ability to make reasonable DRG payments and accurately reflects the quality of healthcare management.
Comprehensive rehabilitation and job reintegration of people with severe mental illness in a Latin American country: REINTEGRA pilot study
Authors: Carmona-Huerta Jaime , Durand-Arias Sol , Cárdenas-García Elsy , Arámbula-Román J. Carlos , Guzmán-Ramírez Marianne , Estrada-Ramírez Isabel , Amezcua-Ramírez María Trinidad , Lastra-González Verónica , Castiello-de-Obeso Santiago , Aldana-López Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Background
Despite the increasing use of comprehensive rehabilitation models for people with severe mental illness (SMI), there are still limitations to their implementation and replicability in a consensual way, particularly in Latin American countries. The REINTEGRA program aims to be a standardized model of comprehensive rehabilitation focused on psychosocial and cognitive improvement through a set of interventions on different areas of people’s functionality, with the goal of reintegrating people with SMI into the labour market. In this paper we summarize the protocol for its subsequent implementation in a mental health institution in Mexico.
Method
The protocol is based on a quasi-experimental, prospective longitudinal study, with a pragmatic or naturalistic control group. It will be carried out in three phases. Phase 1 consists of a series of interventions focused on psychosocial improvement; Phase 2 focuses on cognitive and behavioral improvement treatments; and Phase 3 targets psychosocial recovery through rehabilitation and reintegration into the labour market. The overall procedure will be monitored with standarized evaluations at different stages of the program.
Discussion
This study presents a model of integral rehabilitation of people with SMI. At the moment, one of the obstacles to overcome is the organization and procedural control of the different actors needed for its implementation (nurses, psychologists, doctors, companies, institutions, etc.). REINTEGRA will be the first comprehensive rehabilitation model that includes systematized procedures for job reinsertion for people with SMI in Mexico, which aims to be a standardized tool of easy adaptation and the replicability for other mental health centers and institutions.
Research Ethics Committee Approval: 205-2021.
Cerebrospinal fluid viral etiology of patients with suspected central nervous system infections during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Aliabadi Nasrin , Marandi Nahid Heydari , Hamzavi Seyedeh Sedigheh , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Hosseini Marzieh , Bahrololoom Rosemina , Jamalidoust marzieh , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Although viral etiology of central nervous system (CNS) infections such as meningitis and encephalitis are investigated widely worldwide, it remains to be declared under the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to investigate the etiology of viral CNS infections in patients hospitalized in a single referral hospital during the outbreak in Iran.
Methods: We retrospectively collected the CSF samples and reviewed the medical records of patients hospitalized with suspected viral CNS infection in Shiraz, a large city in southern Iran, from April 2021 to May 2022. One hundred sixty-six cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested primarily for detection of HSV 1 and 2 and were retrospectively analyzed by primers PCR targeted to coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), human herpesviruses 1 to 6 (HHV-1 to -6), polyomaviruses JC, and enteroviruses (EV).
Results: Of the total CSF samples analyzed by PCR, 22 (13.3%) were positive for only one viral pathogen, and just one (0.6%) sample was detected with multiple viruses (HSV-1 and CMV). The SARS-COV-2 (n=6) was the second most common viral etiology just after Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) 6.6% (11 cases). Other detected viruses were CMV for 1.8% (3), VZV for 1.2 % (2), and JC for 0.6% (1) of the cases.
Conclusion: According to the above, the spread of SARS-COV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside HSV-1, CMV, and VZV in Iran, was significant. As a result, it can play an essential role in development of CNS-related diseases, which required urgent diagnosis and treatment.
Numerical simulation of progressive failure law of thick-hard rock strata in the upper coal seam
Authors: Xu Chao , Zhao Chunyu , Wang Kai , Sun Haoshi , Wang Yifu
Published: April 2023

The thick-hard rock strata (THRS) are widely distributed among coal-bearing strata. In the process of coal mining, the strong dynamic load will be produced after the THRS are broken, which will lead to dynamic disasters such as mine earthquake, rock burst and so on. Therefore, revealing the breaking law of THRS is helpful to prevent and control the dynamic disasters. This paper constructed the mechanical model of THRS based on thick plate theory and obtained the breaking distance of THRS, which is applied to Yangliu Coal Mine. And we constructed the numerical stratigraphic model and analyzed the caving characteristics, the changing rules of displacement and stress of THRS under different advancing distances. Then the above results are verified by the change of hydraulic support resistance. The research shows that the critical instability distance of THRS overlying the coal seam #10 in Yangliu Coal Mine was 296.4 m. Based on the numerical simulation, the displacement and stress of the main THRS increased greatly at the position of 250-300 m, and occurred a large-scale collapse. The hydraulic support resistance of the working face increased sharply and microseismic energy is released rapidly when the mining reached about 330 m, the reliability of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were verified by the engineering tests.
Expression profile, prognostic values, and immune infiltration of IRX family members in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Xinglu , Li Wan , Zhou Lefei , Li Dongbing , Wang Dongliang
Published: April 2023

Background
The iroquois homologous homeobox (IRX) gene family may be involved in the development of a variety of tumors. However, comprehensive analysis of IRX family members in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has rarely been reported.
Methods
From the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), LUAD samples were extracted. The roles of IRXs were comprehensively analyzed using Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and R software (version 3.6.3).
Results
The expression of IRX1/2/3/6 was significantly lower in LUAD compared to normal lung tissue, while the expression of IRX4 was significantly higher in LUAD compared to normal lung tissue. The expression of IRX was associated with T stage, number_pack_years_smoked, N stage, gender, primary treatment outcome, and smokers. In LUAD, IRX2 downregulation was an independent factor that contributes to poor prognosis. Expression of multiple IRX genes showed some diagnostic biomarker values for LUAD. IRX genes were key players mediating the development and progression of LUAD through multiple pathways, including ras signaling pathway, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-ganglio series, inositol phosphate metabolism, metabolic pathways, and pertussis. There was a significant association between immune infiltration and IRX genes.
Conclusions
The IRX family may represent novel prognostic biomarkers, as well as immunotherapeutic targets for LUAD.
Comparison of dance and gymnastic intervention on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in sedentary elderly with cognitive impairment
Authors: AYARI Sawsen , Abellard Alexandre , SAKRANI Sihem , Krinitskaia Anastasia , Grzelak Marta , Bounader Raymond , Gavarry Olivier
Published: April 2023

Background: To compare the effect of dance and gymnastic intervention on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly with cognitive impairment.
Methods Twenty-three older adults (64-90 years-old), attending the day care center and diagnosed with cognitive impairment, were randomized to a 16-week dance intervention or a gymnastic intervention (60 min/week). Cognitive function (MMSE), neuropsychiatric symptoms (GDS-15, NPI), and physical function (TUG, ADL) were evaluated at the baseline and at the end of the intervention. After estimation by the Borg scale, these two physical activities were performed at similar intensities (60-70% HRR).
Results MMSE score was significantly increased after the intervention in dance group (+3.3/+14%, p=0.03), especially memory recall (+1/+220 %, p=0.03), but not for the gymnastic group. GDS-15 and NPI decreased significantly (p<0.001) after the intervention in both groups However, no significant effect was noted for TUG and ADL.
Conclusion The study findings support the potential utility of dance as a multimodal intervention for improving cognition. A low frequency ecological dance intervention (1time/week; 60 min) is sufficient to enhance cognition. In further practise, dance exercise could be more practised in community-dwelling.
Effect of cellulose-based fillers on vulcanized natural rubber
Authors: Freitas Flavia Leticia Silva , Correia Carla Almêda , de Oliveira Letícia Mota , Ribeiro Hélio , Valera Ticiane Sanches
Published: April 2023

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) fillers have gained attention in research and industrial applications owing to their excellent properties and environmental bias. They can be added to natural rubber (NR) compounds to enhance properties such as the modulus of elasticity. CNCs can be extracted by different acid methods that promote singular features in interfacial adhesion, according to the type of acid used. This study addresses the feasibility of using cellulose nanoparticles in vulcanized NR composites. For this purpose, two different hydrolysis procedures using sulfuric acid and the less aggressive phosphoric acid were performed. These nanoparticles were then added to different amounts of NR compound. The effects of the CNCs on the vulcanization of the NR compound were evidenced by the formation of a zinc-cellulose-rubber complex, which reduced the optimal vulcanization time and increased the NR compound cure rate, particularly for the samples treated with phosphoric acid. In addition, the formation of this complex structure affected the morphology and mechanical properties of the composites. In particular, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus at 300% of the composites with nanocellulose treated with phosphoric acid increased by 90%, 16%, and 51%, respectively, compared to the NR compound. Furthermore, the higher aspect ratio of the nanocellulose particles, mainly treated with phosphoric acid, favored the filler-matrix adhesion, making them a promising alternative to enhance the mechanical properties of NR compounds.
Ground ice-magma interaction resurfaced the landing region of the Zhurong rover during the Amazonian
Authors: Michalski Joseph , Liu Jiacheng , Wu Bo , Wu Xing , Liu Yang , Gao Wenyuan , Qian Yuqi , Ling Zongcheng , Wu Zhongchen , Liu Changqing , Williams-Jones Anthony , Zhao Jiannan , Zhou Mei-Fu , Hu Sen , Sun Yu , Lin Honglei , Tan Wei
Published: April 2023

Despite a consensus view that Mars has been cold and icy throughout the Amazonian (3 billion years ago until present), the Zhurong rover has provided striking evidence for aqueous resurfacing processes in and around the landing site during this time period. Here, we report a close association of magmatism (i.e.dikes) and several distinctive landforms (e.g.mud volcanoes and troughs) indicating that ground ice in the Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF) was thawed by the magma heating causing the collapse of VBF to form distinct landforms and alteration mineralogy. This collapse released pressurized meltwater and mud, producing mud volcanoes and muddy water. Upon freezing, the slurry materials were further buried by younger porous sediments. Freezing of the upwelled chemical-rich groundwater potentially circulated by cryosuction produced large crystals of sulphate (probably selentite) unlike sulphates previously identified on Mars, evidencing relatively young aqueous alteration on Mars driven by magma-ice interactions.
CD19/CD22 dual-targeting Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia delays platelet recovery and increases risks of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus viremia after transplantation
Authors: Wu Depei , Li Shijia , Ge Jianrong , Zhou Shiyuan , Zhu Wenjuan , Han Yue , Chen Suning , Xue Sheng-Li Xue Sheng-Li , Wang Ying , Qiu Huiying , Wu Xiaojin
Published: April 2023

Integration of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an emerging technology for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treatment with unknown impact on HSCT-related complications. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving CD19/CD22 dual-targeting or CD19 single-targeting CAR-T therapy before HSCT (CD19/CD22 dual-targeting CAR-T group and CD19 single targeting CAR-T group, respectively), and patients did not receive CAR-T therapy before transplantation (non-CAR-T group). Cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment on day 28 was lower in the CD19/CD22 dual-targeting CAR-T group compared to other groups (p=0.028) and it was proved to be an independent risk factor for delayed platelet recovery on day 28 (OR: 2.65; p=0.001). The CD19/CD22 dual-targeting CAR-T bridging to HSCT independently increases risk of early CMV-viremia (HR, 2.96; p=0.001). Both CAR-T groups had higher incidence of 100-day Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-viremia, compared with the non-CAR-T group (p=0.043 and p=0.001, respectively). Patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy had a higher risk for early EBV-viremia (HR, 6.77; p=0.030). Relapse and survival did not differ between the 3 groups (p>0.05). Integrating CD19/CD22 dual-targeting CAR-T therapy and HSCT delays platelet engraftment and increases the risks of early CMV- and EBV-viremia.
Relationship between perceived stress and online flaming among adolescents: Mediating roles of fear of missing out and ego depletion
Authors: Yin Zijun , Xuan Bin
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to examine the direct relationship between perceived stress and online flaming, as well as the mediating roles of fear of missing out and ego depletion. A sample of Chinese junior and senior high school students (N = 556) was included. Students completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Fear of Missing out Scale, Ego Depletion Scale, and the Online Flaming Scale.
The results indicated that tension (perceived stress sub-dimension) had a direct effect on online flaming, and perceived stress and loss of control (perceived stress sub-dimension) did not have a direct effect on online flaming. Moreover, perceived stress and tension (perceived stress sub-dimension) had an indirect effect on online flaming through the mediating roles of fear of missing out and ego depletion, and loss of control (perceived stress sub-dimension) did not have an indirect effect on online flaming through the mediating roles of fear of missing out and ego depletion. These findings enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of online flaming and provided new perspectives for the prevention of online flaming among adolescents.
Drug-Drug Interaction Extraction Using Transformer-based Ensemble Model
Authors: Sefidgarhoseini Sarina , Safari Leila , Mohammady Zanyar
Published: April 2023

Purpose Drug-drug interactions (DDIs), or the simultaneous use of several medications, can impair the effectiveness of the medications, have negative physiological consequences, raise the price of medical treatment, or even endanger the health and lives of patients. In order to increase patient safety when using drugs, it is crucial to do research in the area of automated extraction of DDIs. It benefits the medical industry and forms a foundation for DDI databases to be updated automatically.Methods This article's goal is to suggest a useful classification and identification scheme for DDIs. Based on a range of characteristics, including text, POS tags, distance, and SDP features, three deep learning-based models are presented: CNN, BiLSTM, and BiLSTM with attention. Three models based on transformers are also proposed: BERT, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA. In addition, an approach using an ensemble of transformer-based models is suggested for extracting DDIs from medical literature.Results All models were applied to the benchmark DDIExtraction2013 dataset. The results showed that the attention mechanism in deep learning models is very effective and has led to comparable results with the best existing models, but other features are not helpful. Also, with a 12% improvement in the F-measure score, the ensemble method showed indisputably supremacy over the existing methods and other proposed methods in this study.Conclusion Transformer-based models with the bidirectional processing ability and internal attention mechanism outperform deep learning models.
Integrated trajectories optimization for Jupiter missions with single-satellite-aided capture
Authors: Li Mingtao , Jing Quan
Published: April 2023

In Jupiter missions, single-satellite-aided capture employs the gravity assist of one of the Galilean moons, which could decrease the required Δv to capture a spacecraft into the nominal orbit around Jupiter. Previous studies on single-satellite-aided capture mainly focused on Jovicentric orbits. In this paper, an optimization that focuses on Jovicentric orbits and considers the planetary segment and the nominal orbit around Jupiter was proposed. We use Jupiter arriving excess velocity and arriving time as the link between these two segments, which clearly illustrates single-satellite-aided capturing. VEGA and VEEGA sequences (both planetary gravity assist sequences) are tested in the numerical simulation. The result, with the complete orbits of the mission, indicates the reliability and good convergence of the method. It also turns out that Io and Ganymede are the first options for satellite-aided capture.