bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Communication Protocols for Electric Vehicle Charging: Functionality and Integration
Authors: Blagoeva Elena , Chikurtev Denis , Kostadinov Dimitar
Published: February 2025

EV charging stations are a critical piece of infrastructure to accelerate the transition to green and clean technologies. In recent years, the number of charging stations has grown significantly. This leads to the emergence of new problems and challenges for society, such as the management of charging processes, capacity balancing, and extended access. In this study, the basic concepts regarding standards and protocols for managing charging stations and capacities are presented. Over the years, the protocols have evolved and currently provide a variety of functionalities such as remote access, status tracking, station, and capacity control. The knowledge and development of these protocols will support easier and more adaptive use of charging stations. In addition, the current challenges that should be solved in the coming years are presented. They are related to the improvement of remote access, power balance, construction of hybrid systems of energy sources, and development of management information systems for management.
Mathematical Modeling based on Neural Network Learning for Object Recognition in Automated Systems
Authors: Gospodinova Ekaterina , Nenov Dimitar
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to identify efficient methods of mathematically modeling an automated physical system using a neural network. Based on the Levenberg-Marquardt method, we built a feed-forward neural network with the capabilities of a graphics accelerator. The model also sums up and suggests a new neural network training algorithm with Bayes regularization, Nguyen-Widrow initialization, and the early stopping and control method. This greatly expands the efficiency of solving problems where knowledge of an automation system is usable.
Įvairiaspalvės dedervinės klinika, diagnostika ir gydymas
Authors: Pušinaitytė Eglė , Aladaitienė Greta
Published: February 2025

Tyrimo tikslas. Apžvelgti naujausią mokslinę literatūrą apie įvairiaspalvės dedervinės klinikinius požymius, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybes, aktualias šeimos gydytojui. Tyrimo metodai. Atlikta sisteminė literatūros apžvalga – išnagrinėtas 31 mokslinis straipsnis. Mokslinių darbų paieška vykdyta naudojant kompiuterinę bibliografinę duomenų bazę „PubMed“ ir klinikinę duomenų bazę „UpToDate“. Paieškoje vartoti reikšminiai žodžiai ir jų deriniai: „tinea versicolor“, „pityriasis versicolor“, „įvairiaspalvės dedervinės diferencinė diagnostika“, „įvairiaspalvės dedervinės gydymo metodai“. Rezultatai. Įvairiaspalvė dedervinė – dažna paviršinė grybelinė odos infekcija, pasireiškianti besimptome odos hipopigmentacija arba hiperpigmentacija, ovaliomis arba apvaliomis, pleiskanojančiomis dėmėmis tam tikrose kūno vietose. Ligos vystymąsi gali skatinti įvairūs veiksniai: šilta ir drėgna aplinka, prasta mityba, riebių kremų arba losjonų naudojimas. Diagnozė nustatoma remiantis ligos anamneze ir fizine paciento odos apžiūra. Pirmojo pasirinkimo gydymas – vietinis 2 proc. ketokonazolo preparatas. Jei vietinis gydymas neveiksmingas arba liga dažnai atsinaujina, skiriami sisteminiai priešgrybeliniai vaistai. Prieš pradedant sisteminį gydymą rekomenduojama atlikti laboratorinius kraujo tyrimus, įvertinti kepenų ir inkstų funkcijas.
Ašvaganda – tradicija, mokslas ir šiuolaikinis naudojimas
Authors: Levinas Henrikas
Published: February 2025

Ašvaganda (lot. withania somnifera), dar vadinama migdomąja vitanija arba indiškuoju ženšeniu, daugiau kaip 3 tūkstančius metų medicinoje naudojamas vaistinis augalas. Pastaraisiais metais šis augalas sulaukė ir didelio mokslininkų susidomėjimo dėl galimo teigiamo poveikio centrinei nervų sistemai. Ašvagandos aktyviosios medžiagos, tokios kaip vitanolidai ir alkaloidai, pasižymi neuroprotekcinėmis, nootropinėmis, antioksidacinėmis bei anksiolitinėmis savybėmis. Šiame straipsnyje aptariamas ašvagandos poveikis neurodegeneracinėms ligoms, tokioms kaip Alzheimerio ir Parkinsono ligos, augalo nootropinės savybės, įtaka atminčiai ir pažinimo funkcijoms, miego kokybei bei nerimo mažinimui.
How AI Can Improve Customer Service Conversations
Authors: Thayil Jerry John
Published: February 2025

This white paper explores the challenges faced by healthcare organizations in enhancing member conversations through various access points, such as call centers, websites, mobile apps, and chat agents, and details a solution leveraging Generative AI. The document provides an in-depth analysis of current problems, the proposed AI-driven solution, and its benefits. It concludes with a transformative vision of member interactions in the healthcare sector.
Employee Compensation and Employee Commitment in Oil Producing Firms in Rivers State
Authors: Umana Victoria Sunday , Umoh Victor Asuquo , Asuquo Udeme Lawrence , Tabe Edwin Tanyi
Published: February 2025

This study was conducted to examine the influence of employee compensation on employee commitment in Oil Producing firms in Rivers State. The study was based on a survey research design and made use of questionnaire in obtaining data from office resident employees serving in five Oil Producing firms in Rivers State of Nigeria. The population of study was 20,116 while its sample size determined through Taro Yamane sample size determination formular was 1793. The analysis of data was done with descriptive and inferential statistics. The former used percentage method while the latter used simple regression. The test of hypotheses in the study indicated that employee compensation had a positive and significant influence on employee commitment in Oil Producing firms in Rivers State. The generalized model summary showed a R2 of 0.432. The model also showed a goodness of fit at 95 percent (p-value <0.05). It was concluded that employee compensation can determine employee commitment in oil producing firms in Rivers State. In line with the result of this study, it was recommended that oil producing firms in Rivers State should improve upon the compensation package offered their employees so as to induce their commitment.
The first report of tail duplication in the black-and-white Tegu Salvator merianae (Squamata, Teiidae)
Authors: De Albuquerque Nelson Rufino , Martins Roullien Henrique , Freire Diogo Helney , Batista Fernando Arévalo
Published: February 2025

N/A
Engineering Mechanics Learning Model Planning
Authors: Nurudin Arif
Published: February 2025

Engineering Mechanics is a branch of the branch of mechanics with the stem of physics. The ability of students in the Engineering Mechanics course is low on average, so various learning models are needed to improve students' ability to achieve their competency standards. This research was conducted to make a plan for the learning model of Engineering mechanics at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Cirebon, which was based on the results of research in various educational institutions with various learning models, the purpose of this research is so that students can follow the Engineering mechanics course comfortably and enjoyably. The method used in this study is a literature review from various sources. The results showed that planning the learning model of Engineering mechanics needs to involve sharing dimensions of human life, not limited to cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, but also cooperation, collaboration, the friendship between friends, play, and the active role of lecturers to unite in student activities to do assignments both in groups and individually. Several models can be applied together including NHT, HOTS, STAD, Expository, innovative learning, social relations, and pair-check models.
Carbon Reserve Potential, Carbon Dioxide Absorption Capacity, and Oxygen Release in The Conservation Forest of Kamojang, West Java
Authors: Maulana Abdul Ghani Dadang , Fahmi Solihat Raizal , Wilujeng Sri
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify and measure the carbon reserve potential, carbon dioxide absorption capacity, and oxygen release of tree vegetation in the conservation forest area of Kamojang, West Java. The research method includes field data collection by measuring tree biomass and specific gravity analysis, using systematic sampling techniques to determine research plots. The results of the study indicate that the Cikaro and Cibeunying blocks have a potential carbon reserve of approximately 202,577 tons, a karbon dioxide absorption capacity of around 742,781 tons, and an oxygen release of about 540,132 tons. Tree species such as Pinus (Pinus merkusii), Kibeureum (Dystilium stellare), Manglid (Maglietia glauca), Puspa (Schima wallichii), and Ki Badak (Fagraea fragrans) contribute the most to the total carbon amount. This research provides essential information for the management of the Kamojang conservation forest area in forest management policies as a crucial carbon reserve source for climate change mitigation.
Smart Agriculture: Optimizing Soybean Cultivation Through Technology In Crop Monitoring
Authors: Sujadi Harun , Marina Ida , Koswara Engkos , Rakhmi Indriana Kovertina , Sukmawati Dety
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study is to optimise the productivity of soybean production through the integration of agricultural technologies inside plant monitoring systems. The objective of incorporating technology is to enhance the monitoring and management processes of soybean crops, with the ultimate goal of improving productivity and boosting harvest yields.This paper presents a proposal for the use of diverse agricultural technologies, including soil sensors, environmental sensors, drones, and data analysis based on artificial intelligence. Soil and environmental sensors are utilised for the purpose of monitoring soil conditions, moisture levels, and weather conditions in the vicinity of soybean agricultural fields. Drones are employed for comprehensive terrestrial surveillance and prompt identification of botanical concerns. The utilisation of artificial intelligence in data analysis involves the processing of information gathered from sensors and drones, enabling the provision of real-time insights and recommendations to farmers.By incorporating these agricultural technologies, it is anticipated that farmers would be able to effectively and efficiently utilise resources such as water, fertilisers, and pesticides, ensuring optimal usage in terms of precision and timeliness. Furthermore, the implementation of precise monitoring techniques and prompt responses to alterations in plant conditions within agricultural settings can effectively mitigate the potential hazards associated with crop loss resulting from pest or disease infestations.
Dangerosité : du juge influencé par l'expert au juge indépendant
Authors: Brun Delphine
Published: February 2025

Dans notre société occidentale, devenue intolérante au risque, l'identification, le traitement et la gestion des «délinquants dangereux» ont pris, ces dernières années, une place prépondérante dans la répression pénale.
Dans la conjoncture actuelle, dangerosité et méthodes actuarielles sont devenues des éléments déterminants et l'expertise psychiatrique l'une des clés de voûte de la justice pénale. Le concept de juste peine ne s'observe dorénavant plus au travers du prisme de la faute, la notion de dangerosité s’étant affranchie des notions de culpabilité et d’intention, mais au travers des prédictions. Dès lors, une question, soumise à l'expert par la justice, semble désormais plus pertinente à poser : le délinquant ayant commis une faute est-il dangereux ?
La présente étude apporte un regard critique sur la situation qui prévaut actuellement entre le délinquant, le juge et l'expert dans le cadre de l'évaluation de la dangerosité.
Strategies for Enhancing Learning Outcomes Through Partnerships in South Africa’s Education Sector
Authors: Ndlovu Patricia , Mafora Omphitlhetse Augustine
Published: February 2025

In South Africa's evolving education land­scape, strategic partnerships and distinctive brand iden­tities play pivotal roles in enhancing learning outcomes and accessibility. However, many educational institu­tions struggle to differentiate themselves and leverage synergies effectively, hindering their ability to craft ap­pealing strategies for partnerships and brand develop­ment. This research paper explores fundamental theo­ries and best practices that educational institutions can adopt to create distinctive brand identities and establish meaningful partnerships, which are key factors in en­hancing learning outcomes and institutional sustainabil­ity. The study focuses on three critical areas: articulating an institution's unique identity and vision, developing distinct visual identities and messaging, and implement­ing and sustaining strategic partnerships. It emphasises the importance of clearly conveying institutional strengths and values to priority audiences, enabling ed­ucational entities to stand out amidst competition and form valuable collaborations with external stakeholders. The research highlights how these collaborations can create synergies that significantly enhance educational offerings and operational efficiency. Furthermore, it draws attention to the importance of authentically defining core competencies and differentia­tors, developing vision and mission statements that communicate strategic priorities, designing cohesive visual identifiers, and constructing marketing messages that resonate with key stake­holders. The paper argues that the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of educational institutions in South Africa depend substantially on their ability to define a distinct identity and expand capability pipelines through strategic partnerships. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in educational management and marketing, offering actionable recommendations for institutions striving to enhance their impact, relevance, and sustainability in pursuit of quality education for all in South Africa's dynamic educational environment.
School-Based Assessment as a Driver of Self-Regulated Learning: Experiences of Tourism Learners
Authors: Dube-Xaba Zanele
Published: February 2025

School-based assessment (SBA) is an approach to continuous assessment at the school level that aims to drive teaching and learning. It supports teaching and learning processes and assists in tracking learner progress on a continuous basis. Given the importance of SBA, the value of learners’ voices in contributing to its practices is crucial if the education system is committed to its efforts to improve accountability and quality education. This paper focuses on the role of SBA in driving self-regulated learning as perceived by learners who take Tourism as an elective. This interpretive case study examined Tourism learners’ experiences of SBA’s role in enhancing self-regulated learning in this subject. The researcher recruited Tourism learners from two secondary schools in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, resulting in a sample of a total of 40 Grade 11 learners who participated in four focus group sessions. The findings suggest that SBA is a driver of self-regulated learning (SRL) as the learners affirmed that this continuous assessment approach in Tourism improved their autonomy and helped them take ownership of their learning, while also enabling them to access knowledge and insight individually and in collaboration with others. The findings suggest that SBA allows learners to take control of their own learning and thus become self-regulated learners. The findings have profound implications for the role of assessment in the schooling context as it improves learners’ accountability and sense of ownership of their own learning. Moreover, the variety of SBA assessment practices facilitates knowledge construction and thus improves the quality of education provision.
Assessment Practices Fit for a Fast-changing World: A South African Perspective
Authors: Weston Cheryl , Eadie Shirley , Croucamp André , Morcowitz Susannah , James Cathryn
Published: February 2025

In the face of global uncertainties and pressing local inequalities, education systems worldwide are prioritis­ing the development of competencies to equip learners with the skills necessary for the 21st century. In South Africa, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) has initiated a Cur­riculum Strengthening process that emphasises the integra­tion of social, emotional, and cognitive competencies into teaching, learning, and assessment. This study addresses the central question: How can the assessment of competencies be integrated into national assessment policy and practice? Adopting a mixed-methods approach, this study draws on a literature review, 15 semi-structured expert interviews, and primary research with 43 teachers and 118 learners across di­verse school contexts. The thematic analysis of qualitative data is complemented by quantitative survey results to pro­vide a comprehensive understanding of current assessment practices. Key findings highlight challenges such as over-re­liance on summative assessments, resource constraints, and limited professional development for teachers. Nevertheless, opportunities exist in leveraging formative assessments and performance-based evaluations as key approaches to the as­sessment of competencies, as part of the broader national assessment regime. The study concludes that systemic changes are needed, including phased implementation, tai­lored teacher support, and flexible, context-appropriate as­sessment strategies. Recommendations emphasise aligning national assessment frameworks with the Basic Education Competency Framework (BECF), fostering inclusive and eq­uitable classroom assessment practices, and supporting pro­fessional development to build teacher capacity.
Assessment of Learners with Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Johnstone Matsobane Elaine
Published: February 2025

It is common practice to provide accommo­dations for learners who demonstrate mild to moderate intellectual disability (MID) in conventional assess­ments, including high-stakes examinations. Examples of these accommodations include extra time, readers and scribes, test formats and responses, and assistive devices. One concern is that even with these adjust­ments, academic success remains limited, as they do not address the cognitive load of the task. This study inves­tigated the difficulties faced by learners with MID and how these challenges affect assessment practices. It fol­lowed a qualitative approach, using an online survey to collect qualitative data from 30 schools. Additionally, principals from six schools participated in semi-struc­tured interviews. The data was analysed thematically. The findings indicate that learners with MID have lim­ited cognitive abilities and, therefore, experience diffi­culties in processing and remembering large amounts of information at once. They also have limited execu­tive functions, poor academic attitudes, and short at­tention spans. Regarding current assessment practices, the findings reveal that all formal tests consist primarily of various short-answer question formats; all summative assessments are brief and are sometimes administered once per semester, while practical assessments are given a higher weight than theoretical assessments. This study has uncovered that the use of conven­tional accommodations does not adequately provide learners with MID the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and competencies. It recommends that education policies be amended to address the current assessment challenges in order to encourage academic success for learners with MID.
A Critical Review of the Purposes and Authenticity of E-Assessment Policies and Practices
Authors: Ngema Doctor
Published: February 2025

In general, the overall purpose of assessment is to account for the knowledge, skills, dispositions, and atti­tudes that learners possess as a result of their educational experiences. In recent times, there has been an increased emphasis on the role of technology-enhanced assessments, which have mainly been referred to as e-assessments, to im­prove assessment designs through the use of innovative digital tools. However, it is important that these changes are directed and driven by appropriate education policies to en­sure that the attendant practices remain authentic by demonstrating alignment between the pedagogies used in curriculum coverage and the digitised assessment tools and modalities. This was a literature-based study examining the purposes of e-assessment and reflecting on the authenticity of attendant policies and practices in South Africa, in rela­tion to the extant pedagogical practices and learners’ class­room experiences. From the literature, four most-cited pur­poses of e-assessment were identified and described, namely (a) efficiency and scalability, (b) enhanced feedback, (c) data-driven insights, and (d) accessibility and flexibility. The policy challenges faced by the country in relation to authentic e-assessment are presented and described. These include ques­tions of validity and reliability, equity and inclusion, pedagogical alignment, and academic integ­rity, while implementation challenges encompass technical, training and support, ethical and privacy concerns, technological infrastructure, cultural and linguistic relevance, and data man­agement and privacy considerations. It is argued that a better understanding of these challenges and opportunities brought about by these reflections would contribute significantly towards the development and implementation of well-rounded digital education policies in South Africa.
Towards a Framework for the Assessment and Quality Assurance of Non-Traditional Learning Experiences
Authors: Dumezweni Nomawethu , Nxesi Nombulelo , Mkhonza Lucky
Published: February 2025

Non-traditional learning experiences have arguably gained momentum and prevalence in the ed­ucation system due to their perceived flexibility, broader outreach, responsiveness, and inclusivity. However, the speed at which these alternative learning experiences have been institutionalised parallels grow­ing concerns and antagonisms regarding their quality. First, the sluggish and rigid response to developing ef­fective frameworks for assessing and quality-assuring non-traditional learning experiences can be counter­productive, stifling innovation and adaptation to new demands. Second, the lack of quality assurance hinders quality improvement, compromising the overall quality of the education system. These limitations have made it difficult for stakeholders to advocate for the uptake and integration of these non-traditional learning expe­riences into the broader education system. In light of these issues, the study employed a mixed-method ap­proach to investigate what assessing and quality-assur­ing non-traditional learning experiences will entail, through the examination of literature and the develop­ment of survey questionnaires for participation from the following quality assurance bodies: Council on Higher Education (CHE), South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA), Council for Quality Assurance in General and Further Edu­cation and Training (UMALUSI), Quality Council for Trades and Occupations (QCTO), and Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) provided valuable insights. The results in­dicated the key design considerations for institutions when developing their respective frame­works for quality assurance and assessment of non-traditional learning experiences. Respond­ents highlighted the importance of prioritising factors such as academic integrity, student infor­mation integrity, equity of access, and quality student experiences. The study's findings are an­ticipated to significantly contribute to the body of knowledge regarding non-traditional learning experiences in South Africa, offering a promising future for these innovative learning methods.
Sales Promotion and Impulse Buying: Investigating the Role of Hedonic Shopping Motivation in Miniso Consumers of Pasuruan
Authors: Safitri Natalia Anggita , Oktafiah Yuventi , Subagyo Dyajeng Puteri Woro
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of sales promotions on impulse buying behavior, mediated by hedonic shopping motivation among Miniso consumers in Pasuruan City. Sales promotions aim to boost sales by offering consumer benefits. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, this study analyzes sales promotion as an independent variable, impulse buying as a dependent variable, and hedonic shopping motivation as a mediating variable. Data were collected from 100 respondents via questionnaires and supplemented with secondary sources from journals and literature. A purposive sampling method was applied, and data analysis included outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing using bootstrapping. The findings confirm that sales promotion significantly influences impulse buying, with hedonic shopping motivation playing a key mediating role. These results suggest that companies can enhance impulse buying by leveraging sales promotions and targeting consumers’ hedonic motivations.Keywords: Miniso, sales promotion, hedonic shopping motivation, impulse buying
Funding structure and profitability as moderating variables strengthen the impact of eco-efficiency on firm value
Authors: Wardany Indah , Ranitawati Endang , Yahya Yahya
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to empirically test the impact of eco-efficiency on company value which is strengthened by the mediation of funding structure and profitability. Where eco-efficiency is proxied by the ISO 140001 certificate, company value is measured by the TOBINS'Q ratio, funding structure is measured by leverage, and for profitability it is proxied by return on assets (ROA). Testing this research uses Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) with secondary data from a sample of 225 manufacturing companies in various industrial sectors listed on the IDX for the period 2028 - 2022. The results of this research show that the effect of eco-efficiency on company value is negatively significant, while for the media variable has a significant positive effect in strengthening the influence of eco-efficiency in company value.

Keywords : eco-efficiency, funding structure, profitability, company value
Managerial Strategies for Enhancing Competitiveness and Adapting to Business Environmental Dynamics: A Case Study of CV. Putra Seneja
Authors: Pandriyani Yosie kristin , Atoillah Atoillah , Muhimim Muhimim , Munawaroh Munawaroh
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi manajerial yang diterapkan oleh CV. Putra Seneja dalam meningkatkan daya saing perusahaan di tengah dinamika lingkungan bisnis yang kompleks. Dalam menghadapi tantangan globalisasi, perkembangan teknologi, dan perubahan regulasi, perusahaan menerapkan strategi yang mencakup inovasi, pengelolaan sumber daya, dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan eksternal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi di CV. Putra Seneja, Kota Cilegon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan mengimplementasikan strategi diferensiasi dan fokus, dengan menargetkan proyek infrastruktur skala kecil hingga menengah di pasar lokal. Meskipun demikian, tantangan yang dihadapi meliputi keterbatasan dalam adopsi teknologi dan dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap proyek-proyek yang dijalankan. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya penerapan prinsip keberlanjutan dalam operasional perusahaan, termasuk penggunaan material ramah lingkungan. Selain itu, pemanfaatan teknologi digital, pengembangan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan kebijakan menjadi faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan daya saing dan keberlanjutan perusahaan. Temuan ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi bagi perusahaan dalam merancang strategi yang lebih efektif untuk menghadapi persaingan global dan mencapai tujuan jangka panjang.
Exploring the Influence of Parental Roles on Societal Dynamics: A Church-Centric Analysis
Authors: Owusu Ebenezer Ahenkan
Published: February 2025

Several fingers point at the degradation of societal values, especially in the aspect of ethics and morality. The elders have now coined a saying, “Oh! the good old days” whenever issues of poor morals and ethics of the young ones come up. Recognizing the pivotal role of parents in shaping the values, morals, and societal norms, particularly within the context of family units guided by religious principles, this study explored the multifaceted impact of parental roles on broader societal structures through the lens of the church. The research methodology employed a quantitative research design with descriptive research analysis. The study found that society benefits from children who grow in parental affection, warmth, and love. Also, less contact time with parents actually affects open connection to stimulate emotional control which is key to coexistence in the society. It is evident that the church is practically at the center of the key traditional ceremonies that are used to impact morals, ethics, and culture in the young ones – naming ceremony, baptism, confirmation (puberty rites), marriage (both customary and ordinance) as well as funerals. The study concludes that the influence of parenting on the society cannot be overemphasized. Whatever an individual is or would be is rooted in how every individual interacts with his/her immediate environment. This study contributes to scholarship by offering a nuanced understanding of how parental roles, framed within the church, can shape the broader societal dynamics.

Keywords: Parenting, Society, Church, Social Development, Responsibility.
JADES Data Release 3: NIRSpec/Microshutter Assembly Spectroscopy for 4000 Galaxies in the GOODS Fields
Authors: D’Eugenio Francesco , Cameron Alex J. , Scholtz Jan , Carniani Stefano , Willott Chris J. , Curtis-Lake Emma , Bunker Andrew J. , Parlanti Eleonora , Maiolino Roberto , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Jakobsen Peter , Robertson Brant E. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Tacchella Sandro , Cargile Phillip A. , Rawle Tim , Arribas Santiago , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Kumari Nimisha , Looser Tobias J. , Rieke Marcia J. , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Saxena Aayush , Übler Hannah , Venturi Giacomo , Witstok Joris , Baker William M. , Bhatawdekar Rachana , Bonaventura Nina , Boyett Kristan , Charlot Stephane , Danhaive A. Lola , Hainline Kevin N. , Hausen Ryan , Helton Jakob M. , Ji Xihan , Ji Zhiyuan , Jones Gareth C. , Juodžbalis Ignas , Maseda Michael V. , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Perna Michele , Puskás Dávid , Shivaei Irene , Silcock Maddie S. , Simmonds Charlotte , Smit Renske , Sun Fengwu , Villanueva Natalia C. , Williams Christina C. , Zhu Yongda
Published: February 2025

We present the third data release of the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES), providing both imaging and spectroscopy in the two GOODS fields. Spectroscopy consists of medium-depth and deep NIRSpec/microshutter assembly spectra of 4000 targets, covering the spectral range 0.6–5.3 μm and observed with both the low-dispersion prism (R = 30–300) and all three medium-resolution gratings (R = 500–1500). We describe the observations, data reduction, sample selection, and target allocation. We measured 2375 redshifts (2053 from multiple emission lines); our targets span the range from z = 0.5 up to z = 13, including 404 at z > 5. The data release includes 2D and 1D fully reduced spectra, with slit-loss corrections and background subtraction optimized for point sources. We also provide redshifts and signal-to-noise ratio > 5 emission-line flux catalogs for the prism and grating spectra, and concise guidelines on how to use these data products. Alongside spectroscopy, we are also publishing fully calibrated NIRCam imaging, which enables studying the JADES sample with the combined power of imaging and spectroscopy. Together, these data provide the largest statistical sample to date to characterize the properties of galaxy populations in the first billion years after the Big Bang.
Species descriptions in myxomycetes – can we settle on rules for good taxonomic practice?
Authors: Schnittler Martin , Leontyev Dmytro , Yatsiuk Iryna , Ronikier Anna
Published: February 2025

Myxomycetes are a unique branch of life, recognisable by sporophores showing a fungus-like dispersal biology. These structures bear nearly all diagnostic characters for species identification and develop by rapid transformation of plasmodia. During this short period of time, external factors can significantly influence the formation of morphological characters. Therefore, the description of a new species must be carried out with utmost care. Over the last 50 years, approximately 10–15 new species of myxomycetes have been described per year and only some of the latest publications underpin this with molecular data. In this paper, we discuss a set of recommendations for the description of myxomycete species new to science, striving for the following goals: (i) to minimise the number of erroneous descriptions of the species, whose names later have to be put into synonymy; (ii) to make all respective data easily accessible for the scientific community; and (iii) to comply with existing rules of nomenclature. We recommend (1) whenever possible not to describe a new taxon from a single specimen; however, an exception could be made only if supported by molecular data and by unique morphological characters which are unlikely to fall in the range of infraspecific variation of related species; (2) preparing detailed descriptions, including data on developmental stages, microhabitats, ecology, phenology and associated species; (3) providing at least two independent diagnostic characters that tell the new species apart from all others; (4) obtaining a molecular barcode and, whenever possible, providing proof for reproductive isolation of the new species from related taxa; and (5) depositing type specimens in public herbaria. To comply with nomenclatural rules, (6) the new name must be registered in a recognised repository, (7) all published names should be checked for usability before proposing a new name and (8) a unique name should be chosen, preferably highlighting a distinct character of the new species.
Global phylogeny of the family Gomphillaceae (Ascomycota, Graphidales) sheds light on the origin, diversification and endemism in foliicolous lineages
Authors: Lebreton Elise , Ertz Damien , Lücking Robert , Aptroot Andre , Carriconde Fabian , Ah-Peng Claudine , Huang Jen-Pan , Chen Ko-Hsuan , Stenger Pierre-Louis , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva , van den Boom Pieter , Sérusiaux Emmanuël , Magain Nicolas
Published: February 2025

Foliicolous lichens grow on living leaves of vascular plants. They are mostly found in tropical to subtropical or temperate rainforests. Many phenotype-based species are considered as pantropical or even sub-cosmopolitan, either attributed to old ages, having existed prior to continental breakups or long-distance dispersal. We built a much expanded, global phylogeny of Gomphillaceae, the most diverse group of leaf-dwelling lichenised fungi. Our sampling encompassed six major biodiversity hotspots: MIOI (Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands), the Caribbean, New Caledonia, the Colombian Chocó, Mesoamerica and the Atlantic coast of Brazil. It was based on multilocus sequence data (mtSSU rDNA, nuLSU rDNA and RPB1), including 2207 sequences of 1256 specimens. Species delimitation methods combined with a phenotype matrix identified 473 putative species. Amongst these, 104 are confirmed as described, 213 are classified as cryptic or near cryptic (hidden diversity), 100 represent new species to science (identified on the basis of phenotype) and 56 remain unidentified. Amongst the 104 species with a valid name, 40.5% are distributed across 2–5 continents (lichenogeographical regions) by applying the phenotype-based species concept. However, using the integrative approach to delineate species, this estimate is reduced to 9%. We estimate the global species richness of Gomphillaceae at 1,861–2,356 species. The timing of species-level divergences suggests that the current distribution of foliicolous lichens is shaped more by long-distance dispersal and rapid diversification than by vicariance. The origin of the family and major clades appears to be in the Neotropics, with subsequent numerous dispersal events. Our results support the separation of three major lineages, corresponding to the former families Asterothyriaceae, Gomphillaceae s.str. and Solorinellaceae, which should be recognised at the subfamily level.
Cytomegalovirus in Autoimmune Disease: Insights and Implications
Authors: Baliga Sahana , Samant Rohini
Published: February 2025

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a DNA virus within the herpesviridae family, possesses an extensive genome with over 700 open reading frames. The virus establishes latency in the host’s myeloid precursor cells and, while often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. CMV’s large proteome, lytic replication cycle, persistence, and reactivation, along with its ability to modulate the immune system, make it a potential etiological factor in autoimmune diseases (ADs). Research has demonstrated an association between CMV and the onset or exacerbation of ADs. Key mechanisms, such as molecular mimicry – exemplified by UL94 in systemic sclerosis and UL83/PP65 in systemic lupus erythematosus – and the expansion of proinflammatory CD28-null cells, have been implicated in CMV-related autoimmunity. In addition, CMV infection is frequently linked to increased autoantibody production, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of AD. Despite these associations, a definitive causal relationship between CMV seroprevalence and AD remains unestablished. Not all individuals with CMV viral load develop ADs; rather, disease manifestation occurs primarily in those with specific high-risk factors. This review will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms underlying CMV-induced autoimmunity, the risk factors for CMV infection, and its association with specific rheumatological conditions.
DMARD Adherence in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from the Coastal Part of Kerala
Authors: Jalal Muhammed Jasim Abdul
Published: February 2025

Aim of the study:

The aim of this study was to determine sociodemographic and disease traits in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Study Design and Study Subjects:

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Rheumatology Department at the Olive Healthcare Polyclinic located in the coastal part of Thrissur, Kerala, India, between December 2023 and February 2024.

Study Methods:

1. Sociodemographic and disease traits. Sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, marital status, educational level, and monthly net income were studied. Clinical factors such as disease duration, RA treatment, and number of other medications taken were measured. 2. Self-disclosed treatment compliance. The RA patient’s treatment compliance was assessed using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5), which is a short version of the MARS. 3. Statistic assessment. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 22.0. 4. Ethical considerations. Ethical Board and Scientific Board, Olive Healthcare, approved this study.

Results:

Fifty-five patients were completely compliant to the DMARD medications. Factors such as female sex, older age, monthly net income between Rs. 10,000 and Rs. 20,000, and disease duration less than 10 years were associated with higher medication compliance.

Conclusion:

Factors such as old age, female gender, income, and disease duration were associated with an increased risk for DMARD medication non-adherence.
Comparison of i-gel®, Ambu® AuraGain™, Baska Mask, LMA® Protector™ for airway management of obese surgical patients - A randomised comparative study
Authors: Raman Rajesh , Gupta Apoorva , Prabha Rati , Gautam Shefali , Anand Akshay
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

A few trials have studied the use of supraglottic airway devices (SADs) for obese patients. This trial aimed to compare four SADs: I-gel, Ambu AuraGain, Baska mask, and Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) Protector for airway management of obese patients.

Methods:

This parallel-group, single-blind, comparative randomised study included 154 obese patients aged between 18 and 60 years who were planned for elective surgery. They were randomly allocated one of the above four SADs for airway management. Each group had 38 patients. The allocated SAD was inserted after induction of anaesthesia. oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) was the primary outcome. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, or χ2 test.

Results:

Baseline data of the patients were comparable. Mean OLP was highest with the Baska mask and lowest with the LMA Protector [32.97 (standard deviation (SD): 1.30) (95% confidence interval (CI): 32.54, 33.40] vs 30.08 (SD: 1.51) (95% CI: 29.58, 30.58) cm H2O). The mean leak fraction was highest with the Baska mask and lowest with Ambu AuraGain (6.88 (SD: 1.33) (95% CI: 6.44, 7.31) vs 6.08 (SD: 1.18) (95% CI: 5.69, 6.47)). The mean time taken to insert the SAD was shortest with I-gel and longest with Ambu AuraGain (18.58 (SD: 1.97) (95% CI: 17.93, 19.23) vs 29.11 (SD: 2.50) (95% CI: 28.28, 29.93) sec). Heart rate, SAD placement success rate, fibreoptic view of the glottis, blood pressure, and side effects were comparable amongst the devices.

Conclusion:

For obese patients undergoing elective surgery, the Baska mask has the highest OLP, but I-gel, Ambu AuraGain, and LMA Protector are also acceptable choices.
A randomised controlled trial comparing video laryngoscopy versus conventional blind technique for transoesophageal echocardiography probe insertion in paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Singh Guriqbal , Pujara Jigisha , Chauhan Ankit , Rajesh Venuthurupalli S. P. , Sonune Shrikant , Kumar Jamalpur Sravan , Pandya Himani
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

Inserting a transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe can cause pharyngeal and oesophageal injuries in paediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study’s primary objective was to assess the incidence of oropharyngeal injury on video laryngoscope (VL) examination at the end of surgery.

Methods:

This randomised controlled study was conducted on 100 patients, aged 2–10 years, undergoing elective cardiac surgery requiring TEE evaluation. Patients having a deranged coagulation profile, sore throat, difficult tracheal intubation, trauma during tracheal intubation and contraindications for TEE insertion were excluded from the study. Patients were randomised into the conventional group (Group C; n = 50), where the TEE probe was inserted using the conventional blind insertion technique, and the VL group (Group VL; n = 50). All patients were examined with VL for oropharyngeal injury after removal of the TEE probe at the completion of surgery, and the injury site was documented.

Results:

The incidence of pharyngeal mucosal injury was significantly lesser in Group VL (n = 2) than in the Group C (n = 9) (P = 0.025). The number of attempts for successful TEE probe insertion was significantly lower in Group VL (P < 0.05). The mean duration for successful TEE probe insertion at the first attempt was significantly longer in Group VL than in Group C (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

The use of VL for TEE probe insertion in paediatric patients significantly reduced the incidence of pharyngeal injury related to its insertion and provided direct visualisation of the oesophageal inlet.
Myeloid sarcoma of the small intestine in nonleukemic patients – A report of three cases with review of literature
Authors: Thingujam Bipin S. , Irom Anil , Thangjam Babina , Howdijam David , Srivastava Ritika , Takhellambam Dipdeba
Published: February 2025

Background:

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) or myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a tumor of hematopoietic stem cell origin composed of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells presenting as tumor masses in an extramedullary site. The tumor can affect any site of the body but are commonly seen in the skin, bone and lymph node. It may develop de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). MS may precede AML by months or years or present as an initial manifestation of relapse in a previously treated AML in remission. On light microscopic examination, based on histological features cases of MS are frequently erroneously diagnosed, more so in non-leukaemic patients, as non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunophenotyping is needed for a diagnosis of MS. A variety of chromosomal abnormalities are reported; particularly t(8;21)(q22;q22), which is regarded as a recurrent aberration in MS. Only a few cases of MS of the small intestine in non-leukaemic patients, defined by the absence of a history of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or myeloproliferative neoplasm along with a negative bone marrow biopsy, are described in literature. Treatment strategies are still not well defined.

Methods:

We analyse and describe 3 cases of patients with MS involving the intestine and describe the histological diagnostic pointers, clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features.

Results:

Granulocytic sarcoma has definite well recognisable diagnostic features. The characteristic features include: tumor cells arranged in sheets and in occasional infiltrating singles; absence of necrosis; starry-sky appearance; scattered eosinophils & promyelocytes; tumor cells negative for CD3, CD20, while being positive for CD45 (patchy) and CD19.

Conclusions:

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare disease and a high index of suspicion is needed for making a correct diagnosis. Judicious use of immunohistochemistry helps in coming to a diagnosis. We propose a diagnostic algorithm for making a diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.
Safety of Endostar in combination with chemotherapy in patients with cancer
Authors: Wang Dong-Xiao , Zhu Man , Guo Dai-Hong , Gu Jin , Xia Lei , Huang Xiao-Wu , Wang Tian-Lin , Zhao Chang-Hong
Published: February 2025

Background:

Several studies have indicated the benefits and safety of Endostar in combination with chemotherapy, but the exact real-life safety of Endostar is poorly known. This study aimed to assess the safety of Endostar in combination with chemotherapy in a real-life setting in China.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of patients treated with Endostar combined with chemotherapy from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017. Data were obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS). Laboratory abnormalities were evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 4.0. Bleeding events and wound complications after surgery associated with Endostar were evaluated.

Results:

Finally, 825 patients were included. No patients used Endostar alone. Anemia occurred in 74.5% of the patients, thrombocytopenia in 29.0%, abnormal white blood cell counts in 54.5%, abnormal liver function in 13.8%, and increased creatinine in 1.2%. No definite bleeding events and wound complications associated with Endostar were found. Most laboratory adverse effects (AEs) were found in Grades 1 and 2. Lung cancer, osteosarcoma, and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy were associated with an increased risk of Grade ≥3 abnormal white blood cell counts. The total dose of Endostar was not associated with severe (Grade ≥3) thrombocytopenia and abnormal white blood cell counts.

Conclusion:

The occurrence of AEs during Endostar and chemotherapy treatment differed across different tumor types and chemotherapy regimens. No new unexpected Endostar-related AEs were observed. The total dose of Endostar was not associated with an increased risk of severe (Grade ≥3) thrombocytopenia and abnormal white blood cell counts when used in combination with chemotherapy in the real-life setting.