bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management und Diagnostik von Staphylococcus-aureus-Blutstrominfektionen
Authors: Weis Sebastian , Hagel Stefan , Pletz Mathias W.
Published: November 2019

Blutstrominfektionen durch Staphylococcus aureus sind schwere Infektionserkrankungen, die mit dem Risiko von sekundären Absiedlungen, Rekurrenzen und hohen Sterblichkeitsraten assoziiert sind. Bei adäquater Diagnostik und Therapie kann das Outcome wesentlich verbessert werden. Alle Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie sollten infektiologisch betreut werden, um die Einhaltung der Therapiestandards zu gewährleisten. Medikamente der Wahl sind Cefazolin und Flucloxacillin bei MSSA und Daptomycin (cave: nicht bei pulmonalem Fokus) und Vancomycin bei MRSA-Infektionen. Die Therapie sollte für mindestens 14 Tage intravenös erfolgen. Inwiefern eine Oralisierung bei Patienten mit unkomplizierten Bakteriämien erfolgen kann, ist derzeit Gegenstand von Studien. Erste Daten lassen drauf schließen.
„Standard Changing News Onkologie“ in der Tumorchirurgie
Authors: Königsrainer Alfred
Published: November 2019

Nach wie vor limitieren gastrointestinale Tumorerkrankungen trotz erheblicher Anstrengungen in der Prävention, Neuerungen in der Diagnostik und Behandlung die Lebenserwartung vieler Patienten. Erfreulicherweise geht die tumorbedingte Mortalität zwar bei gewissen Entitäten zurück, ist aber unabhängig des verbesserten pathophsiologischen und molekularen Verständnisses gerade beim Pankreaskarzinom und Karzinomen des oberen GI-Traktes nach wie vor unakzeptabel hoch. Schonendes zum Teil minimal invasives Operieren mit dem Fokus auf onkologische Radikalität, aber auch auf gutem funktionellen Ergebnis und größtmöglicher Lebensqualität, sind die Herausforderungen der modernen onkologischen Chirurgie. In diesem Übersichtsbeitrag werden neue Gesichtspunkte beim peritoneal metastasiertem Magenkarzinom, bei neuroendokrinen Tumoren der Appendix, Lebermetastasen kolorektaler Karzinome, beim Pankreaskarzinom und zuletzt beim Rektumkarzinom aufgezeigt.
Stereotaktische Strahlentherapie bei Oligometastasierung
Authors: Hoegen Philipp , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Debus Jürgen
Published: November 2019

In der Onkologie findet seit einigen Jahren ein Paradigmenwechsel statt: bei Vorliegen weniger Metastasen spricht man von Oligometastasierung. In diesem Fall ist ein kurativer Therapieansatz sinnvoll, wie zuletzt in mehreren Studien gezeigt wurde. Eine Möglichkeit der Lokaltherapie ist die stereotaktische Bestrahlung (SRS bzw. SBRT). Durch hochdosierte Bestrahlung in wenigen Sitzungen kann eine vollständige Tumorkontrolle erzielt werden. Neue Entwicklungen wie Hybridgeräte aus MRT und Linearbeschleuniger ermöglichen eine präzise, schonende Behandlung.
Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Kadcotrione B
Authors: Reddy Julakanti Satyanarayana , Gangababu Marri , Manimala Patel , Rammohan Aluru , Yadav Jillu Singh
Published: November 2019

A convergent and efficient approach towards the total synthesis of Kadcotrione B is described. For this purpose, the syntheses of two fragments, 6/6/5-fused tricyclic ring and C-9 side chain, were accomplished. The salient features of these syntheses are the utilization of aldol condensation, Evans aldol reaction, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, Michael addition, Robinson annulation, and Wacker oxidation.
Modified Craniocervical Approach for Resection of the Styloid Process in Patients with Eagle's Syndrome
Authors: Constanzo Felipe , Ramina Ricardo , Coelho Neto Mauricio
Published: November 2019

Objective Surgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome remains the mainstay of treatment. Palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve is the most significant complication encountered in transcervical resections, due to direct compression during the approach. We proposed a modification of the craniocervical approach to the jugular foramen to resect the styloid process avoiding the marginal mandibular branch and subsequent palsy.

Design This is a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Setting The research was conducted at a tertiary medical center.

Participants From November 2008 to October 2018, 12 patients with Eagle's syndrome underwent treatment using our modified approach.

Main Outcome Measures Demographic data, type of Eagle's syndrome, symptomatic side, size of the styloid process, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed.

Results Mean size of the styloid processes was of 3.34 cm on the operated side (2.3–4.7 cm) and 2.98 cm on the other (2–4.2 cm). Intraoperative facial nerve irritation occurred in one case. Resection of the entire styloid process was achieved in all cases. Eight cases experienced complete improvement, three cases had a partial response, and one case failed to improve. There were no cases of recurrence. Two patients presented transient postoperative auricular paresthesia. There were no cases of mandibular branch palsy, nor any other complications in our series.

Conclusions Our modified transcervical approach is effective in avoiding the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, avoiding postoperative palsy.
Flap Viability after Direct Immediate Application of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Free Flaps: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Reported Outcomes
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Jude L. , Matera David V. , Simone Jamee E. , Behnam Amir B.
Published: November 2019

Background The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) devices has gained wide acceptance in the management of wounds. There have been a few reported cases of its use immediately after free tissue transfer. This is the first systematic review and pooled analysis on the immediate use of NPWT for free flaps with emphasis on the rate of free flap loss.

Methods The authors performed a systematic review that focused on the rate of total free flap loss after immediate application of NPWT. EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medicine, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases were searched from 1997 to April of 2019. Peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were included.

Results Ten articles were included in the review, yielding 211 free flap procedures. All studies were retrospective cohort studies except for two that were prospective studies and one that was a case series. The overall complete flap failure rate was n = 7 (3.3%). The most commonly reconstructed area was the lower extremity (n = 158 [74.9%]) followed by head and neck (n = 42 [19.9%]) and upper extremity (n = 11 [5.2%]). The vacuum pressure ranged from 75 to 125 mm/Hg. The time of application of the NPWT ranged from 5 to 7 days. The etiologies of wound defects were from trauma (n = 82 [63.6%]), tumor extirpation (n = 43 [33.3%]), and infection and burn (n = 4 [3.1%]).

Conclusion The immediate application of NPWT on free flaps does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of flap failure.
The Effects of Furosemide on Oxygenation in Mechanically Ventilated Children with Bronchiolitis
Authors: Kulkarni Mandar , Slain Katherine N. , Rotta Alexandre T. , Shein Steven L.
Published: November 2019

Fluid balance management, including diuretic administration, may influence outcomes among mechanically ventilated children. We retrospectively compared oxygenation saturation index (OSI) before and after the initial furosemide bolus among 65 mechanically ventilated children. Furosemide was not associated with a significant change in median OSI (6.25 [interquartile range: 5.01–7.92] vs. 6.06 [4.73–7.54], p = 0.48), but was associated with expected changes in fluid balance and urine output. Secondary analysis suggested more favorable effects of furosemide in children with worse baseline OSI. The reported common use of furosemide by pediatric intensivists obligates further study to better establish its efficacy, or lack thereof, in mechanically ventilated children.
Patellofemoral Chondromalacia Does Not Influence Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes following High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Kim You Keun , Yoo Jae Doo , Oh Minjoon , Cho Euihwan , Kim Nam Ki
Published: November 2019

Effect of patellofemoral (PF) chondromalacia on results of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) has not been identified. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of PF chondromalacia on relatively short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of HTO. Patients who underwent open wedge HTO (OWHTO) from February 2010 to January 2015 were enrolled. A total of 101 knees were divided into two groups: 56 knees without PF chondromalacia in group A, while 45 knees with PF chondromalacia extended to subchondral bone in group B. Radiologic outcomes were compared using mechanical tibiofemoral angle, ratio of weight-bearing line (WBL), and minimal joint space width of the lateral compartment. Clinical outcomes were compared using range of motion in affected knee, visual analog scale, modified Lysholm score, and Kujala score. The mean mechanical tibiofemoral angle was 4.6 degree in group A and 4.8 degree in group B. The mean ratio of WBL was 63.8% in group A and 63.6% in group B at final. The mean minimum joint space width of the lateral compartment was 5.8 mm in group A and 5.8 mm in group B on standing AP radiograph. It was 5.3 mm in group A and 5.4 mm in group B on Rosenburg view at final. The mean ROM was 137.2 degree in group A and 137.5 degree in group B. The mean visual analog scale was 2.1 in group A and 2.3 in group B at final. The mean modified Lysholm score was 90.6 in group A and 89.1 in group B at final. The mean Kujala score was 90.2 in group A and 89.1 in group B at final. PF chondromalacia does not influence short-term radiographic and clinical outcomes following OWHTO.
Long-Term Quality of Life after Free Flap Upper Extremity Reconstruction for Traumatic Injuries
Authors: van Bekkum Sara , de Jong Tim , Zuidam Michiel , Mureau Marc A. M.
Published: November 2019

Background Microsurgical reconstruction of upper extremity injuries is often challenging, and the resulting impact on the quality of life (QoL) may be significant. However, there is a lack of knowledge on long-term patient-reported QoL.

Methods In a retrospective long-term follow-up study, all consecutive patients with an upper extremity injury who had undergone a free flap reconstruction were identified and categorized into three groups based on the type of injury. Patient-reported upper extremity function and QoL were assessed using three validated questionnaires: the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ).

Results A total of 61 patients were identified, of whom 10% had undergone a free flap reconstruction for soft tissue loss only, 62% for an injury accompanied by a fracture, and 28% for a (sub) total amputation. Twenty-one (44%) patients responded to the questionnaires, with a mean follow-up time of 9.7 ± 6.2 years. Patients, on average, reported poorer SF-36 “physical component score” and “role limitations due to physical health” scores compared with Dutch norms. Also, they reported poorer mean DASH scores compared with the general population, indicating worse upper extremity function. Mean MQH scores were lower for the injured side compared with the noninjured side. Pain correlated negatively with the total scores of DASH, MHQ, and SF-36.

Conclusion Free flap upper extremity reconstruction is challenging. At 10 years of follow-up, the injury and its treatment continued to have a significant impact on the upper extremity function and daily QoL, with chronic pain being an important factor negatively affecting these outcomes.
The zero-error entanglement cost is highly non-additive
Authors: Yue Qiuling , Chitambar Eric
Published: November 2019

The Schmidt number is an entanglement measure whose logarithm quantifies the zero-error entanglement cost of generating a given quantum state using local operations and classical communication. In this paper, we show that the Schmidt number is highly nonmultiplicative in the sense that for any integer n, there exist states whose Schmidt number remains constant when taking n copies of the given state. These states also provide a rare instance in which the regularized zero-error entanglement cost can be computed exactly. We then explore the question of increasing the Schmidt number by quantum operations. We describe a class of bipartite quantum operations that preserve the Schmidt number for pure state transformations, and yet they can increase the Schmidt number by an arbitrarily large amount when generating mixed states. Our results are obtained by making connections to the resource theory of quantum coherence and generalizing the class of dephasing-covariant incoherent operations to the bipartite setting.
Existence and nonlinear stability of convective solutions for almost compressible fluids in Bénard problem
Authors: De Martino Antonino , Passerini Arianna
Published: November 2019

We study the nonlinear almost compressible 2D Oberbeck-Boussinesq system, characterized by an extra buoyancy term where the density depends on the pressure, and a corresponding dimensionless parameter β, proportional to the (positive) compressibility factor β0. The local in time existence of the perturbation to the conductive solution is proved for any “size” of the initial data. However, unlike the classical problem where β0 = 0, a smallness condition on the initial data is needed for global in time existence, along with smallness of the Rayleigh number. Removing this condition appears quite challenging, and we leave it as an open question.
Finite element simulations on piezoelectric modulation of ZnO grain boundary barrier height
Authors: Zhou Zi-Qi , Taylor Kyle , Gjonaj Erion , Frömling Till , Xu Bai-Xiang
Published: November 2019

Modeling grain boundary potential barriers in ZnO is complicated, because the physical mechanism for barrier development and its modification by external influence factors are complex. It has been shown that the barrier height can be significantly modulated by mechanically induced piezoelectric charge. This makes ZnO-ZnO interfaces suitable for advanced piezotronic systems, in which conductivity is modulated by mechanical stress. However, in order to apply this effect, the ability to tailor the interfaces and an accurate physical description of the piezoelectric impact are necessary. In this work, a finite element (FE) model was developed to provide such a description. Due to its full mechanical-electrostatic coupling, this model requires few prior assumptions about the free spatial charge, enables multidimensional study, and allows access to quantities such as charge, energy, and electric field distributions. Moreover, the FE model inherently includes inverse piezoelectric and anisotropy effects, which are shown to have a large impact on barrier height. Additionally, it is illustrated that this model can be used for advanced 3D microstructure simulations taking the complexity of the interface properties into account.
Piezoelectric creep in LiNbO3, PMN-PT and PZT-5A at low temperatures
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Beamish John
Published: November 2019

Creep and hysteresis were directly measured for shear displacements of three widely used piezoelectric materials: 41° X-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO3), single crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT), and ceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT-5A). Measurements were made at temperatures between 0.1 K and 310 K and at voltages up to 150 V. No creep or hysteresis was seen for the single domain lithium niobate transducer. PMN-PT exhibited large creep and hysteresis with a strong temperature dependence even at temperatures as low as 10 K. The temperature dependence was complicated and included an unusual region of negative creep around 250 K. The ceramic PZT-5A had significant creep near room temperature, which disappeared below about 35 K. The widths of the measured hysteresis loops mirrored the magnitudes of the creep that produces the hysteresis. We discuss the behavior of the three materials in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of piezoelectricity. Our results provide guidance in selecting materials for piezoelectric actuators for precise positioning applications like scanning tunneling microscopy. Although it is seldom used in actuator stacks, lithium niobate is the best choice for many cryogenic applications.
Two-dimensional sub-aerial, submerged, and transitional granular slides
Authors: Pilvar M. , Pouraghniaei M. J. , Shakibaeinia A.
Published: November 2019

The slide of granular material in nature and engineering can happen under air (subaerial), under a liquidlike water (submerged), or a transition between these two regimes, where a subaerial slide enters a liquid and becomes submerged. Here, we experimentally investigate these three slide regimes (i.e., subaerial, submerged, and transitional) in two dimensions, for various slope angles, material types, and bed roughness. The goal is to shed light on the complex morphodynamics and flow structure of these granular flows and also to provide comprehensive benchmarks for the validation and parametrization of the numerical models. The slide regime is found to be a major controller of the granular morphodynamics (e.g., shape evolution and internal flow structure). The time history of the runout distance for the subaerial and submerged cases present a similar three-phase trend (with acceleration, steady flow, and deceleration phases) tough with different spatiotemporal scales. Compared to the subaerial cases, the submerged cases show longer runout time and shorter final runout distances. The transitional trends, however, show additional deceleration and reacceleration. The observations suggest that the impact of slide angle, material type, and bed roughness on the morphodynamics is less significant where the material interacts with water. Flow structure, extracted using a granular particle image velocimetry technique, shows a relatively power-law velocity profile for the subaerial condition and strong circulations for the submerged condition. An unsteady theoretical model based on the µ(I) rheology is developed and is shown to be effective in the prediction of the average velocity of the granular mass.
Prediction of the structure, magnetic properties, and martensitic transition of Mg-V-Ga Heusler alloys using first-principles calculations
Authors: Jiang C. S. , Peng Wenyi , Liu Cong , Deng Xiaohua
Published: November 2019

The structures, martensitic transition, and magnetic and electronic properties of Mg8VxGa8−x (x = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Heusler alloys were investigated using first-principles calculations. The structures for the substitution of extra atoms for deficient atoms are not energetically favorable. The strength and quantity of the interatomic bonds determine the lowest energy structures of compounds. With the increase in x, the lattice constants do not change monotonously, which is related to the shifting of the accumulated electrons in the covalent bonds. The magnetic moments of extra V are antiparallel to that of V at the normal sites. In the process of tetragonal deformation, the magnetic moment of V is closely related to the distance from the other V atoms. The martensitic transition may occur in all of the compounds studied herein. The splitting of the V d orbital indicates that the transition is due to the structural Jahn-Teller effect.
Melting curve of vanadium up to 470 GPa simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Wang Shuaichuang , Song Haifeng , Duan Suqing , Liu Haifeng
Published: November 2019

The melting curve of vanadium metal is predicted up to 467 GPa by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. To improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of calculations, we use a new treating scheme, which combines the advantages of the two-phase method and the modified-Z method. We obtain ten melting points from the solid-liquid coexistence with pressure ranging from 13 GPa to 467 GPa. The results are consistent with those of experiments and previous molecular dynamics simulations at ambient pressure and also in good accordance with those of recent unpublished high-precision shock wave experiments under high pressure, which confirms the reliability of the calculated melting curve. The shock-induced melting pressure of 191 GPa is also predicted by the melting curve and the wide regime equation of state.
Nonspecific magnetic biological effects: A model assuming the spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Binhi V. N.
Published: November 2019

The magnetic response of a particle that tunnels in a double-well potential is considered. The Hamiltonian of the model includes the Zeeman, spin-orbit, and other interactions. The spin state changes due to the motion of electrons in the electric field rather than the action of the magnetic field of nucleus on the electrons. At realistic values of the model parameters, the spin-orbit interaction leads to magnetic effects that resemble those in the well-known radical pair mechanism (RPM) model. In particular, the probability of electron transfer depends on the direction of the magnetic field. At the same time, the model under consideration has distinctions that make it reasonable when searching for a mechanism of nonspecific magnetic biological effects. In particular, unlike in the RPM, the magnitude of the magnetic effect is not limited to a narrow range of the hyperfine interaction. The model enables molecular rotations. This could explain an asymmetry in response to the inversion of the magnetic field vector, which has been observed in experiments.
Extension of high power deuterium operation of negative ion based neutral beam injector in the large helical device
Authors: Ikeda K. , Tsumori K. , Nagaoka K. , Nakano H. , Kisaki M. , Fujiwara Y. , Kamio S. , Haba Y. , Masaki S. , Osakabe M.
Published: November 2019

Second deuterium operation of the negative ion based neutral beam injector was performed in 2018 in the large helical device. The electron and ion current ratio improves to Ie/Iacc(D) = 0.31 using the short extraction gap distance of 7 mm between the plasma grid (PG) and the extraction grid (EG). The strength of the magnetic field by the electron deflection magnet installed in the EG increases by 17% at the PG ingress surface, which effectively reduces the electron component in the negative ion rich plasma in the vicinity of PG apertures. The reduction of the electron current made it possible to operate at a high power arc discharge and beam extraction. Then, the deuterium negative ion current increases to 55.4 A with the averaged current density of 233 A/m2. The thermal load on the EG using 7 mm gap distance is 0.6 times smaller than the thermal load using a 8 mm gap caused by the reduction of coextracted electron current. The injection beam power increases to 2.9 MW in the beam line BL3, and the total beam injection power increases to 7 MW by three beam lines in the second deuterium campaign.
Ecological origins of perceptual grouping principles in the auditory system
Authors: Młynarski Wiktor , McDermott Josh H.
Published: November 2019

Events and objects in the world must be inferred from sensory signals to support behavior. Because sensory measurements are temporally and spatially local, the estimation of an object or event can be viewed as the grouping of these measurements into representations of their common causes. Perceptual grouping is believed to reflect internalized regularities of the natural environment, yet grouping cues have traditionally been identified using informal observation and investigated using artificial stimuli. The relationship of grouping to natural signal statistics has thus remained unclear, and additional or alternative cues remain possible. Here, we develop a general methodology for relating grouping to natural sensory signals and apply it to derive auditory grouping cues from natural sounds. We first learned local spectrotemporal features from natural sounds and measured their co-occurrence statistics. We then learned a small set of stimulus properties that could predict the measured feature co-occurrences. The resulting cues included established grouping cues, such as harmonic frequency relationships and temporal coincidence, but also revealed previously unappreciated grouping principles. Human perceptual grouping was predicted by natural feature co-occurrence, with humans relying on the derived grouping cues in proportion to their informativity about co-occurrence in natural sounds. The results suggest that auditory grouping is adapted to natural stimulus statistics, show how these statistics can reveal previously unappreciated grouping phenomena, and provide a framework for studying grouping in natural signals.
Cardiovascular risks impact human brainN-acetylaspartate in regionally specific patterns
Authors: Chiappelli Joshua , Rowland Laura M. , Wijtenburg S. Andrea , Chen Hongji , Maudsley Andrew A. , Sheriff Sulaiman , Chen Shuo , Savransky Anya , Marshall Wyatt , Ryan Meghann C. , Bruce Heather A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot
Published: November 2019

Significance

We used a 3-dimensional whole-brain spectroscopic imaging technique to determine the relationship of the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (FCVRS) to neurochemistry in a sample of Amish participants without neurologic or psychiatric disorders. Cardiovascular risk scores were inversely associated withN-acetylaspartate (NAA), especially in white matter regions. As NAA is a marker for neuronal integrity and serves as a reservoir for precursors to myelin lipid synthesis, the relationship to FCVRS implicates reduced NAA as a potential early marker and mechanistic clue for the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders.
Mammalian germ cells are determined after PGC colonization of the nascent gonad
Authors: Nicholls Peter K. , Schorle Hubert , Naqvi Sahin , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Fan Yuting , Carmell Michelle A. , Dobrinski Ina , Watson Adrienne L. , Carlson Daniel F. , Fahrenkrug Scott C. , Page David C.
Published: November 2019

Mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) are induced in the embryonic epiblast, before migrating to the nascent gonads. In fish, frogs, and birds, the germline segregates even earlier, through the action of maternally inherited germ plasm. Across vertebrates, migrating PGCs retain a broad developmental potential, regardless of whether they were induced or maternally segregated. In mammals, this potential is indicated by expression of pluripotency factors, and the ability to generate teratomas and pluripotent cell lines. How the germline loses this developmental potential remains unknown. Our genome-wide analyses of embryonic human and mouse germlines reveal a conserved transcriptional program, initiated in PGCs after gonadal colonization, that differentiates germ cells from their germline precursors and from somatic lineages. Through genetic studies in mice and pigs, we demonstrate that one such gonad-induced factor, the RNA-binding protein DAZL, is necessary in vivo to restrict the developmental potential of the germline; DAZL’s absence prolongs expression of aNanogpluripotency reporter, facilitates derivation of pluripotent cell lines, and causes spontaneous gonadal teratomas. Based on these observations in humans, mice, and pigs, we propose that germ cells are determined after gonadal colonization in mammals. We suggest that germ cell determination was induced late in embryogenesis—after organogenesis has begun—in the common ancestor of all vertebrates, as in modern mammals, where this transition is induced by somatic cells of the gonad. We suggest that failure of this process of germ cell determination likely accounts for the origin of human testis cancer.
The proteasome regulator PI31 is required for protein homeostasis, synapse maintenance, and neuronal survival in mice
Authors: Minis Adi , Rodriguez Jose A. , Levin Avi , Liu Kai , Govek Eve-Ellen , Hatten Mary E. , Steller Hermann
Published: November 2019

Significance

The conserved proteasome-binding protein PI31 serves as an adapter to couple proteasomes with cellular motors to mediate their transport to distal tips of neurons where protein breakdown occurs. We generated global and conditional PI31 knockout mouse strains and show that this protein is required for protein homeostasis, and that its conditional inactivation in neurons disrupts synaptic structures and long-term survival. This work establishes a critical role for PI31 and local protein degradation in the maintenance of neuronal architecture, circuitry, and function. Because mutations in the PI31 pathway cause neurodegenerative diseases in humans, reduced PI31 activity may contribute to the etiology of these diseases.
The conserved structure of plant telomerase RNA provides the missing link for an evolutionary pathway from ciliates to humans
Authors: Song Jiarui , Logeswaran Dhenugen , Castillo-González Claudia , Li Yang , Bose Sreyashree , Aklilu Behailu Birhanu , Ma Zeyang , Polkhovskiy Alexander , Chen Julian J.-L. , Shippen Dorothy E.
Published: November 2019

Telomerase is essential for maintaining telomere integrity. Although telomerase function is widely conserved, the integral telomerase RNA (TR) that provides a template for telomeric DNA synthesis has diverged dramatically. Nevertheless, TR molecules retain 2 highly conserved structural domains critical for catalysis: a template-proximal pseudoknot (PK) structure and a downstream stem-loop structure. Here we introduce the authentic TR from the plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
, called AtTR, identified through next-generation sequencing of RNAs copurifying with
Arabidopsis
TERT. This RNA is distinct from the RNA previously described as the templating telomerase RNA, AtTER1. AtTR is a 268-nt Pol III transcript necessary for telomere maintenance in vivo and sufficient with TERT to reconstitute telomerase activity in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis identified 85 AtTR orthologs from 3 major clades of plants: angiosperms, gymnosperms, and lycophytes. Through phylogenetic comparisons, a secondary structure model conserved among plant TRs was inferred and verified using in vitro and in vivo chemical probing. The conserved plant TR structure contains a template-PK core domain enclosed by a P1 stem and a 3′ long-stem P4/5/6, both of which resemble a corresponding structural element in ciliate and vertebrate TRs. However, the plant TR contains additional stems and linkers within the template-PK core, allowing for expansion of PK structure from the simple PK in the smaller ciliate TR during evolution. Thus, the plant TR provides an evolutionary bridge that unites the disparate structures of previously characterized TRs from ciliates and vertebrates.
Integration of thermochemical water splitting with CO
2
direct air capture
Authors: Brady Casper , Davis Mark E. , Xu Bingjun
Published: November 2019

Significance

Global warming as a result of rising atmospheric CO
2
concentrations is considered an imminent threat to society. In order to address rising CO
2
concentrations, effective CO
2
capture directly from the atmosphere is likely to be necessary. We integrate direct air capture CO
2
and water splitting to produce a mixture of CO
2
and H
2
via a thermochemical water-splitting cycle. This mixture can, in turn, be used to produce valuable chemicals by known technologies. We demonstrate via experimental investigations and a technoeconomic analysis that the demonstrated integration of the 2 technologies into a single overall process has the potential to become economically favorable in some situations.
Confronting blackface
Authors: D’hondt Sigurd
Published: November 2019

Recently, the Netherlands witnessed an agitated discussion over Black Pete, a blackface character associated with
the Saint Nicholas festival. This paper analyzes a televised panel interview discussing a possible court ban of public Nicholas
festivities, and demonstrates that participants not only disagree over the racist nature of the blackface character but also over
the terms of the debate itself. Drawing on recent sociolinguistic work on stancetaking, it traces how panelists ‘laminate’ the
interview’s participation framework by embedding their assessments of Black Pete in contrasting dialogical fields. Their
stancetaking evokes opposing trajectories of earlier interactions and conjures up discursive complexes of identity/belonging that
entail discrepant judgments over the acceptability of criticism. The extent to which a stance makes explicit the projected field’s
phenomenal content, it is argued, reflects the relative (in)visibility of hegemonic we-ness.
Gene expression amplification by nuclear speckle association
Authors: Kim Jiah , Venkata Neha Chivukula , Hernandez Gonzalez Gabriela Andrea , Khanna Nimish , Belmont Andrew S.
Published: November 2019

Many active genes reproducibly position near nuclear speckles, but the functional significance of this positioning is unknown. Here we show that HSPA1B BAC transgenes and endogenous Hsp70 genes turn on 2–4 min after heat shock (HS), irrespective of their distance to speckles. However, both total HSPA1B mRNA counts and nascent transcript levels measured adjacent to the transgene are approximately twofold higher for speckle-associated alleles 15 min after HS. Nascent transcript level fold-increases for speckle-associated alleles are 12–56-fold and 3–7-fold higher 1–2 h after HS for HSPA1B transgenes and endogenous genes, respectively. Severalfold higher nascent transcript levels for several Hsp70 flanking genes also correlate with speckle association at 37°C. Live-cell imaging reveals that HSPA1B nascent transcript levels increase/decrease with speckle association/disassociation. Initial investigation reveals that increased nascent transcript levels accompanying speckle association correlate with reduced exosome RNA degradation and larger Ser2p CTD-modified RNA polymerase II foci. Our results demonstrate stochastic gene expression dependent on positioning relative to a liquid-droplet nuclear compartment through “gene expression amplification.”
Recalibration of the binding energy of hypernuclei measured in emulsion experiments and its implications *
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Jinhui , Keane Declan , Xu Zhangbu , Ma Yu-Gang
Published: November 2019

The

separation energy for

hypernuclei, denoted

, measured in 1967, 1968, and 1973 are recalibrated using the current best estimates of the mass of particles and nuclei. The recalibrated

are systematically larger (except in the case of

He) than the originally published values by about 100 keV. The effect of this level of recalibration is very important for light hypernuclei, especially for the hypertriton. The early

values measured in 1967, 1968, and 1973 are widely used in theoretical research, and the new results provide better constraints for the conclusions of such studies.
The optimization of Human Blood Agar (HBA) for Streptococcus pneumonia growth
Authors: Oktari A , Vanawati N , Kurniawati U I
Published: November 2019

Sheep Blood Agar (SBA) is a standard media for microbiology examination. The difficulties of sheep blood resources on a tropical country and developing countries causing an obstacle in culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae. Beside usage of Human Blood Agar (HBA) was totally not recommended for culturation. The purpose of doing this observation is to modify HBA by washing human blood erythrocyte. Method experimental study with True experimental post-test only design. Colony of Streptococcus pneumoniae that had been checked purity were planted on HBA media and SBA media. Observation was done in 24 hours and 48 hours, comprising of colony diameters, hemodygest diameters, and the characteristics colony. After 24 hours, mostly result was found that Streptococcus pneumoniae colony diameters on SBA media have a significant difference (0,8 mm) with HBA media (0,6 mm). On the 48 hours observation, mostly colony diameters on HBA media (1,5 mm) were narrower than those on SBA media (1,8 mm). After 24 hours, the mean of Streptococcus pneumonia haemolysis diameters, on SBA media (1,2 mm) were significantly different with HBA media (0,6 mm). After the 48 hours observation, haemolysis diameters were widest in SBA media (1,6 mm) and in HBA media (0,8 mm). The characteristics of colony in 24- and 48-hours observation were not having a significant difference between them. Conclusion HBA is an acceptable alternative media for culturing Streptococcus pneumoniae in poorly resourced laboratories.
Analysis of online market system design strategy based on external and internal factor evaluation matrix
Authors: Primawati A , Paramita A , Lukman L , Rangka I B
Published: November 2019

The development of e-commerce or e-Market technology today creates a culture of Smartphone usage as the main media in communicating and doing business so it makes the opportunity to be utilized in overcoming every conventional issues in doing business. One of the issues in Tanah Abang Market is the congestion due to the large number of visitors coming from outside Jakarta. Therefore, a proper market development strategy is needed. The method used in this research was SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities & Threats). The strategy is composed of the calculations described in the EFE (External Factor Evaluation) and IFE Matrix (Internal Factor Evaluation). The result of internal factor analysis from IFE matrix obtained value equal to 3,27, while result of External factor analysis from EFE matrix obtained score equal to 3,35. Based on the data, the strategy of market development by designing the Online Market application is legally specific for the official seller in Tanah Abang Market is one of the right strategy in overcoming the issues in Tanah Abang Market. Furthermore, the design of Online Market System application for Tanah Abang Market (Blok F) produced in this research is part of the implementation of market development strategy.
Decision support system design of higher education scholarship recipients with android-based
Authors: Subaeki B , Irfan M , Adipradana R S , Alam C N , Ramdhani M A
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the design of Decision Support System (DSS) to analyse the college scholarship recipients on the android-based. The design methodology for selecting scholarship recipients is used Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making (Fuzzy MADM). Fuzzy MADM is an algorithm that used to find the optimal result of a number of alternatives with certain criteria. This method is chosen because the calculation of this method uses multiplication to correlate the attribute rating and only yields the largest value that will be selected as an alternative scholarship recipient. The object set in this research is UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung student. The design system is made based on android with hardware in the form of smart phone. The design results have a level of compliance with regulatory standards that have been established. The results also indicate the logical and appropriate target selection mechanism for scholarship recipients for the most eligible students who received scholarship assistance.
Web-based design for lecturer performance reporting applications
Authors: Ramdania D R , Irfan M , Saprudin R , Alam C N , Ramdhani M A , Yusli D
Published: November 2019

A lecturer as an educator in a college institution obtains professional appreciation for their work through certification of lecturer who is rewarded in the form of lecturer allowance. To obtain a lecturer allowance, lecturers are required to report their academic activities. The purpose of this study is to describe the design of web-based lecturer performance reporting applications. In this study the application is modelled with UML modelling (Unified Modelling Language) that describes a system design. The object of research that used as a user of the application is a lecturer of Private Islamic Higher Education. The results of application design show that the system can work well; can process data of lecturer activities among others: education, research, community service, and supporting which then converted to semester unit value (SKS). This lecture performance reporting application is user friendly, easy access, good system security, and have a good data base.
Cyclically ordered group and C*-dynamical system
Authors: Yusnitha I , Rosjanuardi R , Gozali S M
Published: November 2019

LetGbe a group equipped with a cyclic order such thatGbe a cyclically ordered group. Under the given order and a particular condition onG, the positive coneP(G) ofGis a cyclically ordered semigroup. We induced the representation of aC*-algebraAin a Hilbert space such that we obtain a covariant representation of an action ofP(G) by automorphism ofA. C*-dynamical system (A,α,P(G)), whereαis an action ofP(G) by automorphism ofA.
A thin power law fluid underside a horizontal flat plane
Authors: Yulianti K
Published: November 2019

The dynamics of a thin Power-law fluid underside of a horizontal flat plane is investigated. Using lubrication approximation, we derive governing equation for height of the thin film. The gravity and the surface tension are the main forces that act to the fluid. The equations solved numerically. Based on simulations, results show that the characteristic of the fluid significantly influences the dynamics of the thin film.
Design and characterization of capacitive sensor for soil water content measurement
Authors: Rahayu E R , Aminudin A , Iryanti M
Published: November 2019

Soil water content is one of the measurable parameters which can be used as a reference in the selection of efficient land use. The methods used for measure the soil water content is gravimetric method which is commonly used for direct measuring and indirectly method with the measurement of traits related to water content, namely the dielectric constant (relative permittivity). Interdigital capacitor sensor is designed as a unit of measurement of soil water content. Interdigital capacitor sensor (IDC-S) is a capacitive sensor which is able to change the value of the physical parameters to electrical quantities (capacitance). The measurement of IDC-S capacitance value of soil water content variety was done. It is shown that greater percentage of soil water content cause greater value of capacitance. The greater number of sensor electrode increases its sensitivity. IDC-S has sensitivity of 5.589 pF for N=200 electrodes, 4.6362 pF/% for N=150 electrodes and 3.8865 F/% for N=100 electrodes.
The analysis of student’s laboratory work skill on chemical equilibrium topic
Authors: Sari S , Sobandi O , Malik A
Published: November 2019

Assessing the student’s performance during practicum is important to measure the student’s skill during practices. This study aims to analyze student’s scientific skills during the Chemical Equilibrium practicum. For this research, researchers used one shot case study design of experimental methods. The data were obtained through the description of students activities during the practical training and the analysis of performance assessment. The result showed that 100% of the students are well-skilled at using spray bottles, dropping plates, reading the universally-indicated pH trajectory, and cleaning the equipment. 93,75% of the students excelled the skills of using pipettes, measuring the volume of the solution, and stirring the solution. The students are less-skilled at shifting the solution and diluting the solution, with only 68,75% of the students passed the expected activities. The skill of choosing and disposing the waste of the practical training has the lowest number of students excelled, with only 50% of them passed the expected standard. The student’s scientific skill needs an upgrade especially on the skill of choosing and disposing the waste.
Development of student’s submicroscopic representation ability on molecular geometry material using Augmented Reality (AR) media
Authors: Wulandari I , Irwansyah F S , Farida I , Ramdhani M A
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to apply a learning using Augmented Reality media to develop submicroscopic representation ability. The method used is a classroom research on the fourth semester students of Chemistry Education department, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Information obtained by measuring students’ activities during learning, completion of worksheet, and submicroscopic representation ability after learning. The results obtained from the worksheet completion are included in the very good category (with an average of 86), with the highest ability shown in the determination of bonding domains and non-bonding domains based on Lewis structure (with an average of 94). Moreover, the results of submicroscopic representation ability tests after learning are included in the very good category (with an average of 81.5), with the highest ability shown in the determination of bonding domains and non-bonding domains based on Lewis structure (with an average of 92). This is because students discuss and collaborate very well and are supported by Augmented Reality (AR) media. Thus, Augmented Reality (AR) media can be used as one of media in developing students’ submicroscopic representation ability on molecular geometry material. Development of Students’ Submicroscopic Representation Ability on Molecular Geometry Material Using Augmented Reality (AR) Media.
The development of guided inquiry worksheet on acid and base experiment for grade XI
Authors: Priscylio G , Andromeda  , Mawardi  , Rochintaniawati D
Published: November 2019

This research aims to generate the development of guided inquiry worksheet on acid and base experiment for grade XI valid and practical. This development research using stages of 4-D model i.e define, design, develop, and disseminate. Instruments of data collection used is validation sheet and practicality questionnaire. The developed experiment worksheets based on guided inquiry was validated by five expert and practicality test by 26 students eleven-grade. The data obtained were analyzed using Kappa Cohen Formula. The data obtained were analyzed by using Cohen Kappa Formula. The validity test of the developed experiment worksheets based on guided inquiry is in high validity categories. The practicality test of students about developed experiment worksheets based on guided inquiry indicated a very high category. While the teacher practicality about developed student worksheet obtain a very high practicality category. This finding also suggests that the developed experiment worksheets based on guided inquiry can help students to learn find the concepts of chemistry. In conclusion, the worksheet can be used in chemistry learning process in laboratory (acid and base experiment).
E-portfolio assessment model on collaborative problem solving (CPS) learning based on digital learning environment
Authors: Sutarno H , Putro B L , Judhie R R , Piantari E
Published: November 2019

The 21st Century Skill is the knowledge and skills needed to deal with the problems of the 21st century. This study uses the concept of 21st century skills published by The University of Melbourne in the KSAVE framework (Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Values, Ethics). The KSAVE framework illustrates that collaborative problem-solving (CPS) lessons, and learning through a digital network are the glue of 21st century skills. Learning CPS is a glue for the achievement of critical thinking skills, problem solving, decision-making and collaboration. While learning through a digital network is a combination of information literacy skills, ICT literacy, personal responsibility, and social responsibility. This study aims to create an e-Portfolio assessment model on CPS learning based on learning through a digital network in the form of Moodle learning management system (LMS). The development of the “e-Portfolio Assessment Model” uses the correlation method between the learning outcome that is to be achieved in CPS learning. Learning outcomes include knowledge, collaboration performance, and skills. The results of the implementation show that the e-Portfolio can provide a report on the CPS learning process properly.