bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA (TKI) DAN HUBUNGAN INDONESIA-MALAYSIA ERA JOKOWI
Authors: Maksum Ali
Published: October 2021

Following the leadership succession in the post Presidential Election in 2014 from the 6th Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to the 7th Indonesian President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), the Indonesian migrant workers became one of the priorities of the new government. The reason is simple, there are still many Indonesian workers especially in Malaysia who are involved in various problems and cases. The issue of protection of Indonesian citizens abroad became the primary agenda of Jokowi’s administration including protection on migrant workers. To be sure, the various issues of migrant workers eventually impact on the relationship between the two brotherhod countries, Indonesia and Malaysia. On the other hand, both countries were obviously gained so many advantages from the influx of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. For Indonesian government for instance, the migrant workers is one of the largest revenue contributors from their remittance. As for Malaysia, the presence of Indonesian migrant workers were highly contributed to the national economy amid of the local people are lack of interested to such kind of dirty jobs. Therefore, this article would like to invite readers into a deep discussion comprehensively on the issues of migrant workers and their implications on the Indonesia-Malaysia relations especially in the first half of Jokowi’s tenure of presidency.
DAMPAK SEKURITISASI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH AUSTRALIA TERHADAP IRREGULAR MARITIME ARRIVALS
Authors: Jaya Wiranata Indra
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan Australia melakukan sekuritisasi terhadap kebijakan penanganan IMAs dan bagaimana dampak penerapan kebijakan tersebut terhadap IMAs dengan menggunakan konsep pengungsi dan sekuritisasi. Sekuritisasi dapat dilakukan terhadap isu yang dipolitisasi maupun tidak, selama dianggap terdapat ancaman yang nyata dari isu tersebut. Jadi apabila isu itu dipandang ancaman oleh aktor maka aktor dapat melakukan sekuritisasi. Besarnya arus pengungsi yang terus-terusan berupaya masuk ke Australia membuat pemerintah Australia resah. Pada tahun 2004 hanya terdapat 61 imigran, namun pada akhir tahun 2013 angka tersebut melonjak menjadi 25.173 jiwa. Pemerintah Australia menganggap peningkatan jumlah imigran tersebut menjadi beban dan ancaman bagi kedaulatan dan keamanan nasional Australia. Atas dasar ancaman terhadap kedaulatan dan keamanan tersebut membuat pemerintahan Australia mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk menghalangi akses masuk ke para imigran tersebut ke Australia.
MIGRANT CRISIS: OPEN DOOR POLICY ANALYSIS
Authors: Sinambela Stivani Ismawira
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to explain migrant crisis that happen in Germany because Open Door Policy implemented by Germany under governmental Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2015. Since, Germany has issued various policies that serve as protection regime in dealing with migrant. In its application, it is ineffective until cause in significant and different impacts in every aspect since. Implementation of Open Door Policy to deal with the migrant crisis that occurred at Europe, a new hope in Germany to boost Germany's positive image. The conclusions obtained in the analysis of this study that some Germans hope this positive image will help remove some stains in the past against Germany reputation. Germany has become home to migrants where Germany once made hundreds of thousands of people migrants. Germany appears to have drastically curtailed its open-door policy for migrants. therefore Open-door policy has resulted in the disintegration of countries in the EU region. There are four risks that will be experienced by the European Union, namely the north-south divide on migrants by rethinking and suspension of the agreement called the Schengen system. This study uses literature study as a method and in the data analysis uses descriptive qualitative.
Climate Change Will Cause The Next Migrant Crisis : Studi Kasus Kiribati
Authors: Kumala Dewi Putu Ratih
Published: October 2021

Dampak dari perubahan iklim terhadap masyarakat global telah menjadi perhatian para pembuat kebijakan dan publik yang lebih luas seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah migran akibat perubahan lingkungan. Kenaikan permukaan air laut seperti halnya bencana alam menimbulkan tantangan dalam hal pengaruhnya terhadap pembangunan dan penghidupan, pilihan penyelesaian, produksi pangan dan kesehatan. Sebagai dampaknya, ini akan memaksa orang untuk meninggalkan tanah air mereka. Ini diprediksi akan menyebabkan perpindahan orang-orang secara besar-besaran dan jumlahnya masih terus meningkat. Kekhawatiran tentang migran lingkungan telah menjadi topik politik yang nyata. Dan ini mengarah pada sebuah pertanyaan, apakah perubahan iklim mempengaruhi migrasi massal dan menyebabkan krisis migran. Untuk mendeskripsikannya, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui review dokumen dan analisis data sekunder. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menyajikan studi kasus Kiribati yang merupakan negara atoll yang terancam tenggelam akibat kenaikan permukaan air laut. Kiribati adalah negara atol yang diprediksi menjadi negara pertama di dunia yang memindahkan penduduknya ke negara lain. Negara ini memiliki tingkat kenaikan populasi yang tinggi. Makalah ini mengacu pada damapak dari perubahan iklim terhadap lingkungan dan bagaimana hubungannya dengan migrasi. Dengan kesimpulan bahwa perubahan iklim dan degradasi lingkungan memiliki dampak signifikan pada pergerakan populasi.
Peran Perserikatan Buruh Dunia Terhadap Kekerasan Apartheid Zionis Israel Di Palestina
Authors: Zulian Ibnu
Published: October 2021

Di dalam paper ini, penulis membuat perbandingan studi kasus antara apartheid di Afrika dan Palestina. Keberhasilan pergerakan kaum buruh di Afrika menyelesaikan masalah apartheid atas dasar Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Internasional menjadi referensi dalam menganalisis dan memecahkan masalah pergerkan buruh di Palestina. Penulis menemukan ada kekuatan baru dalam aksi dan protes kaum buruh yang disebut pergerakan boikot, pembebasan dan sangsi (BDS Movement), namun dengan 3 konsep pergerakan ini tidak bisa dipandang secara umum harus dengan pilihan rasional yang tepat dan pergerakan global dengan tujuan dan urusan yang sama (Common Affairs).
Upaya Indonesia Dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan Melalui Kerjasama Asean Pada Masa Pemerintahan Presiden SBY
Authors: Trisni Sofia , Sinulingga Anita Afriani , Isnarti Rika
Published: October 2021

Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan merupakan konflik yang menarik perhatian Indonesia karena berbagai faktor, seperti faktor kedekatan geografis dan faktor negara-negara yang terlibat dalam konflik. Terlibatnya empat negara ASEAN dalam konflik ini serta posisi the rising power Tiongkok sebagai claimant utama dalam konflik ini tak pelak merupakan alasan utama Indonesia untuk berperan aktif dalam mencari solusi penyelesaian konflik. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia untuk meredam konflik multilateral ini pada masa pemerintahan presiden Soesilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY). Tulisan ini menjelaskan upaya Indonesia dengan cara menganalisis aktivitas-aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia terkait konflik LTS sepanjang tahun 2011-2013. Tulisan ini mengidentifikasi bahwa upaya Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan konflik adalah upaya dengan memanfaatkan kerjasama ASEAN. Melalui ASEAN, Indonesia berupaya untuk memastikan agar negara-negara yang terlibat konflik mau menyelesaikan permasalahan ini secara multilateral, yaitu melalui mekanisme ASEAN.
Kepentingan Indonesia Dalam Meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris
Authors: Marbun Posmanto
Published: October 2021

Perjanjian Paris sebagai salah satu instrumen politik lingkungan global dengan melibatkan berbagai aktor, telah dimanfaatkan setiap negara-negara untuk mencapai kepentingannya. Namun, Perjanjian Patis menghadapi konflik di antara kelompok negara. Indonesia mematuhi perjanjian Paris karena menginginkan pendanaan iklim untuk kepentingan pembangunan, salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan lahan gambut dan membentuk Badan Restorasi Gambut. Metodologi yang dipergunakan dalam tulisan ini yaitu metode kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik studi kepustakaan. Penulisan ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan berbagai tindakan Indonesia setelah meratifikasi Perjanjian Paris.
Diplomasi Politik Indonesia Terhadap Kemerdekaan Palestina
Authors: Prasetya Muh. Novan , Srifauzi Aulia
Published: October 2021

Berjuang untuk kemerdekaan Palestina adalah sebuah janji Indonesia saat menggelar Konferensi Asia Afrika (KAA) pertama di Bandung tahun 1955. 29 Negara peserta yang hadir pada saat itu, hanya Palestina yang belum meraih kemerdekaan. Maka dari itu, Indonesia sangat gencar menyuarakan kepentingan tentang kemerdekaan Palestina dari dulu hingga masa kini. Untuk Indonesia, Palestina bukan hanya persoalan agama begitu juga dukungan Indonesia terhadap perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina bukan hanya tentang kepentingan Indonesia. Maka karena itu, seluruh upaya dalam mendukung Palestina untuk memperjuangkan hak dan kemerdekaannya bukan hanya merupakan kepentingan Indonesia tapi seluruh pemangku kepentingan di dunia internasional. Dengan mendukung perjuangan kemerdekaan Palestina menunjukkan pentingnya keadilan untuk kemanusiaan di dunia ini. Terkait dukungan tersebut, Indonesia sendiri telah melakukan beragam upaya diplomasi untuk menggalang kekuatan internasional dalam membela serta memperjuangkan hak Palestina untuk merdeka. Saat Konferensi Luar Biasa OKI di Istanbul, Presiden Joko Widodo menyampaikan 6 poin usulan sikap seluruh negara anggota OKI terhadap Amerika Serikat yang mendeklarasikan Jerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel. Dalam tulisan ini penulis berusaha menyampaikan bahwa luka palestina ada duka dunia.
STRATEGI DAN TANTANGAN : RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI NASIONAL PEMERINTAH LAOS TAHUN 2000-2020
Authors: Nastiti Nala Nourma , Iqbal Firdaus Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Pembangunan ekonomi nasional suatu negara menjadi salah satu hal vital untuk menunjukkan eksistensi dalam persaingan global. Dalam tingkat regional, ASEAN telah berupaya membuat suatu gagasan pencapaian kemajuan ekonomi kawasan melalui MEA. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan negara-negara ASEAN untuk dapat memperkuat regionalisme ASEAN dimata dunia. Hal tesebut berlanjut dan terus memancing masing-masing negara untuk berlomba-lomba meningkatkan ekonomi nasionalnya. Untuk mencapai ekonomi yang baik diperlukan sistem demokrasi yang baik sehingga negara mampu mewujudkan hak seluruh warga negaranya. Selain Indonesia, salah satu negara yang juga sedang berupaya mewujudkan demokratisasi dan peningkatan ekonominya ialah Laos. Pembangunan Sosial dan Ekonomi Nasional di Laos adalah salah satu dari perwujudan proses demokratisasi rakyat Laos yang menjunjung tinggi keharmonisan dan solidaritas dalam komunitas nasional. Pemerintahan Laos telah mempersiapkan beberapa strategi pembangunan di bidang Sosial dan Ekonomi ialah melalui Strategi Pertumbuhan Nasional dan Pemberantasan Pemiskinan (National Growth and Proverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES)) 2000-2020. Sebagai negara yang sejak lama berstatus “negara terbelakang”, proses demokratisasi pembangunan ekonomi tantangan besar bagi pemerintah Laos di tengah kondisi dinamika sosial yang ada.
PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK PEKERJA MIGRAN ASAL SULAWESI SELATAN DI MALAYSIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI POLITIK
Authors: Zulfikar Achmad
Published: October 2021

Hak untuk bekerja harus dipenuhi oleh pemerintah sebagai tanggungjawab atas jaminan HAM warga negara sesuai UUD NRI 1945 pasal 27 ayat (2). Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran asal Sulawesi Selatan di Malaysia berdasarkan UU No. 39 Tahun 2004 pada masa pra-penempatan dam masa penempatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia dan Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja migran asal Sulawesi Selatan di Malaysia pada masa pra-penempatan dan masa penempatan yang dilaksanakan dengan benar akan signifikan bagi peningkatan ekonomi tenaga kerja Indonesia/pekerja migran Indonesia (TKI/PMI), negara penempatan (Malaysia) dan negara asal (Indonesia). Semakin tinggi tingkat pemahaman seseorang terkait prosedur yang legal, semakin berkurang TKI/PMI yang menempuh jalur ilegal/non-prosedural
ANALISIS PENGARUH ISLAMOPHOBIA TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DI PEMERINTAHAN DONALD TRUMP
Authors: Zulian Ibnu
Published: October 2021

Semenjak Amerika Serikat dipimpin oleh pemerintahan Donald Trump kebijakan yang dibuat cukup kontroversial, karena  abstrakan dan absurdan dalam memahami, berbicara, hingga membuat sebuah kebijakan yang berlandaskan pada isu Islamophobia. Donad Trump identik dengan wujud orkestra Islmophobia Amerika Saat ini, bukan tanpa alasan kebijakan pemindahan Duta Besar Amerika di Yesrusalem, pelarangan visa untuk negara-negara mayoritas Muslim dan pendataan warga negara Muslim di Amerika juga menjadi fenomena hangat baik tingkat nasional mau pun internasional. Dengan penelitian kualitatif diskriptif penulis menemukan adanya pengaruh Islampohobia dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan pemerintahan Donald Trump terhadap warga dan negara mayoritas Muslim. Penemuan ini dikuatkan dengan pendekatan teori kontruktivis yaitu segala sesuatu fenomena yang terjadi berdasarkan hasil kontruksi dengan berbagai kepentingan nasional dan aktor dibaliknya. Dengan adanya tulisan ini, kita bisa melihat indikasi dan tujuan dari kebijakan luar negeri Amerika Serikat saat  ini, hingga yang akan datang.
PENGAGENDAAN ISU PANGAN SEBAGAI ISU PANGAN PADA PEMERINTAHAN SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO (SBY) : STUDI PADA KEBIJAKAN FOOD ESTATE
Authors: Putri Ardila
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang proses pengagendaan isu pangan menjadi Isu kemanan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan model deskriptif-analisis. Proses pengagendaan isu pangan sebagai isu keamanan pada masa pemerintahan SBY dijelaskan dengan menggunakan konsep sekuritisasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa referent object dari sekuritisasi isu pangan adalah krisis pangan. Sedangkan secutizing actornya adalah pemerintah, birokrat, dan sektor swasta. Veto actornya adalah gerakan sosial akar rumpur dan veto coalitionnya adalah lembaga-lembaga internasional yang mendukung dan menolak kebijakan pangan skala luas. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kesuksesan pengagendaan isu pangan ini didorong oleh beberapa faktor yaitu keberadaan isu yang memang mengancam, keinginan politik aktor dalam sekuritisasi, bayangan keuntungan masa depan yang akan didapat, juga jejaring lokal dan nasional yang dibangun untuk mendukung proses tersebut. Sedangkan faktor yang memperlemah sekuritisasi adalah kondisi politik yang kerap berubah seiring bergantinya kebijakan juga kekuatan yang dimiliki oleh veto actors dalam membangun jejaring untuk menentang sekuritisasi
STRATEGY OF INDONESIA GOVERNMENT TO MANTAINS PALM OIL MARKET IN INDIA
Authors: Yahya Glory Yolanda , Gunawan Desri
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the factors cause a decrease market share of Indonesia palm oil in India and its implications, and to know the Indonesia government’s strategy maintains the palm oil market in India. The method used is descriptive analysis using theory of competitive adventage diamond model of Michael Porter and Development state theory. The scope of study between 2010 and 2015. The results showed that cause of the decline in the market share of Indonesia palm oil in India due to the application of duty Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is higher than its derivative products in Indonesia, Increased demand for Malaysia palm oil by India and development of palm oil industry in India. The implications of this decline include the loss of potential tax revenue and export volume of palm oil as well as disrupt the Indonesia palm oil industry. Strategy by the Indonesia government is implementing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Supporting Fund (CSF), Indonesia Trade Promotion Center (ITPC) Chennai (India) and Palm Oil Industrial Cluster. Strategy Indonesia government maintains the palm oil market in India has shown a positive effect. Although some parts are not running perfectly. The government as a stimulant to increase competitiveness of Indonesia palm oil is felt has done its job as it should. Futhermore, this strategy can be continued with evaluation and continuous improvement.
CRITICISING STATELESSNESS STATUS AND ASEAN’S ROLE TOWARDS ROHINGYA ATROCITIES
Authors: Fitria Naeli
Published: October 2021

Rohingya statelessness is increasingly recognized as a serious, worldwide human rights violations concern. The rejection of Rohingya ethnic group by Myanmar Government has resulted in life-threatening circumstances. International protocol, such as, the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, as a tool in giving shelter for stateless people are still weak in the implementation. Major drawback in providing shelter for Rohingya refugees which have been implemented by Bangladesh Government, however, has inseparable factor in upholding human rights for refugees. To date, ASEAN has poor human rights mechanism in addressing human rights violations issue within the region. The avoidance taken by ASEAN reflected the concept of negligence. Thus, this paper sought to examine the factors of Citizenship and ASEAN’s Negligence in addressing Rohingya issue.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KONSEP COC (CODE OF CONDUCT) DALAM PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK DI LAUT NATUNA UTARA
Authors: Prayuda Rendi , Angeli Fanesa
Published: October 2021

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang kode etik yang menjadi landasan acuan dalam mengurangi perdebatan kasus konflik di kepulaun Natuna. Sengketa tumpang tindih di kepulauan Natuna telah menjadi persoalan utama dalam hal kedaulatan Negara. Dari perspektif keamanan, maka Indonesia melalui ASEAN berupaya mempercepat penyelesaian Code of Conduct (CoC) di Laut Cina Selatan antara angkatan laut ASEAN dengan angkatan laut Cina. Dengan berlakunya CoC, masing-masing angkatan laut menerapkan mekanisme pencegahan konflik di laut Cina Selatan. Temuan dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil kajian literature berupa studi pustaka. Tulisan ini menggunakan perspektif kontruktuvisme dimana adanya keinginan Negara antara Indonesia dan Cina untuk menguasai kepulauan Natuna sehingga tercapainya kedaulatan Negara. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganilasis kajian dalam penyelesaian konflik di Kepulauan Natuna berupa penyelesaian Code of Conduct di Laut Cina Selatan antara angkatan laut ASEAN dengan angkatan laut Cina.
DIPLOMASI KOMERSIAL JEPANG KE INDONESIA MELALUI PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL JEPANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Sindy Yulia
Published: October 2021

Lebih dari setengah abad kemitraan Jepang dan Indonesia sudah dijalin kedua belah pihak. Selama rentang waktu tersebut, berbagai strategi diplomasi telah diimplementasikan Jepang dalam menjalin kemitraan dengan Indonesia. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis diplomasi komersial Jepang ke Indonesia dalam memperkuat eksistensi perusahaan miultinasionalnya di Indonesia. Topik ini diangkat, karena liberalisasi perdagangan dan pembangunan berkaitan erat dengan peran negara dan MNC. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Analisis dari tulisan ini akan menggunakan teori diplomasi komersial. Teori ini cukup komprehensif menerangkan mengenai berbagai aktivitas diplomasi komersial yang mencakup aktivitas perdagangan, investasi, dan pergerakan perusahaan dengan dorongan negara. Melalui proses analisis dan interpretasi data, maka hasil penelitian ini adalah Jepang berupaya mempertahankan eksistensinya sebagai mitra dagang dan bisnis melalui operasionalisasi berbagai perusahaan multinasionalnya di Indonesia. Multinational Corporation (MNC) Jepang menjalin kemitraan dengan berbagai pemangku kepentingan, mulai dari pelaku usaha di Indonesia hingga akademisi. Hasil penelitian ini penting untuk menjadi acuan penelitian selanjutnya seputar diplomasi komersial.
DIPLOMASI KPOP SEBAGAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI KOREA SELATAN TERHADAP INDONESIA
Authors: Adira Fadia Putri Padmo Aji , Khumaini Fajrin Muhammad Achbil , Perdana Al-Hafidh Adityamas , Aria Senna Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Abstract

South Korea implements a soft power strategy, namely cultural diplomacy through the Korean Wave in its diplomatic relations with Indonesia. This strategy has get responded positively to relations between the two countries because the Korean Wave is now one of the most popular cultures in Indonesia. This paper aims to identify and analyze the interest of K-Pop cultural diplomacy on the cooperation between South Korea and Indonesia. The Korean Wave is part of Korean cultural diplomacy in Indonesia and has a great influence on bilateral relations between the two countries. South Korea has a great opportunity for the interest of the Indonesian people to K-Pop music because it can be used as a means of increasing closer cooperation with Indonesia, especially in the economic and socio-cultural fields

Keywords: Cultural Diplomacy, South Korea, Indonesia, Korean Wave, Soft Power

Abstrak

Korea Selatan menerapkan soft power strategy yaitu diplomasi budaya melalui Korean Wave dalam hubungan diplomatiknya dengan Indonesia. Strategi ini telah memberikan respon positif terhadap hubungan kedua negara karena Korean Wave kini menjadi salah satu budaya yang paling diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kepentingan diplomasi budaya K-Pop terhadap hubungan kerjasama Korea Selatan dan Indonesia.  Korean Wave yang merupakan bagian dari diplomasi budaya Korea di Indonesia dan memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap hubungan bilateral kedua Negara. Korea Selatan mempunyai peluang yang besar atas ketertarikan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap musik K-Pop karena hal tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan kerjasama yang lebih erat dengan Indonesia, khususnya di bidang ekonomi dan sosial budaya

Kata Kunci: Diplomasi Budaya, Korea Selatan, Indonesia, Korean Wave, Soft Power
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN (SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS) PADA KASUS STUNTING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Putri Sindy Yulia
Published: October 2021

In 2018, the quality of Indonesian human resources was ranked 87 out of 157 countries. The good growth of Indonesian human resources, of course, starts from the womb or prenatal period, under five years of age, children, adolescents, to working productive ages. This study chose the topic of stunting, because of the urgency to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian human resources in the regional and international realms. Superior human resources are certainly formed from a long process since childhood. This paper aims to apply the concept of sustainable development goals (SDGs) as a framework adopted by the Government of Indonesia in reducing the prevalence of stunting cases and to provide the latest holistic analysis regarding the implementation of SDGs policies by the Government of Indonesia in reducing the prevalence of stunting cases. This study used qualitative research methods. The result of this research is that collaboration between state and non-state actors is needed to handle stunting cases in Indonesia. Starting from the synergy between ministries / institutions and collaboration with academics, public health scholars, companies, and foreign parties. These results are important as recommendations for each stakeholder in implementing the SDGs concept to reduce the prevalence of stunting cases in Indonesia.
Peran UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES dalam Memberikan Bntuan Kemanusiaan Terhadap Pengungsi Yazidi di Irak
Authors: Maulidya Firdaus Shinta Bella
Published: October 2021

UNHCR merupakan salah satu organisasi internasioal dibawah kendali PBB yang diberikan tugas untuk melindungi para pengungsi internasional serta penegakan HAM terhadap para manusia. Kondisi yang terjadi di Irak dan Suriah merupakan salah satu dari skian banyakya kasus pengungsi yang diakibatkan dari adanya konflik peperangan. UNHCR telah lama berfokus pada kedua negara Timur Tengah tersebut dalam membantu permasalahan pengungsi. Salah satu kasus yang terjadi di Irak Utara adalah adanya para pengungsi etnis Yazidi. Etnis Yazidi adalah warga lokal dari kota Sinjar, Irak Utara. Permaslaahn mulai muncul ketika adanya suatu pemberontakan terorisme yang dilakukan oleh kelompok ekstrimis ISIS yang memang tidak menyukai keberadaan etnis Yazidi yang berbeda aliran ideologi atau agama dengannya. ISIS memiliki misi untuk mengusir siapapun yang tidak memeluk Islam Radikal seperti kelompok mereka. Peran UNHCR sangatlah perlu dimana kondisi etnis Yazidi yang sudah tidak dapat lagi dilindungi oleh pemerintah Irak. Bnatuan kemanusian serta meberikan solusi keberlanjutan terus diupayakan UNHCR untuk menunjang kehidupan para etnis Yazidi. Dalam menganalisa bantuan kemanusiaan yang diberikan UNHCR kepada Yazidi penulis menggunakan Paradigma Alturism dan Idealisme untuk menjelaskan kepentingan apa yang dibawa UNHCR dalam memberikan bantuan.
Relational goods and direct purchase from farmers: estimating the value of the relationship between consumers and producers
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , Frontuto Vito , Novelli Silvia
Published: October 2021

Personal relationships can affect economic life, more importantly in alternative food networks. Estimating the value of enjoyment of the relational good produced by consumers’ personal relationship in direct sales from farmers is important to assess how much personal interactions can affect food purchases. We employ different stated preferences models to estimate from a consumer survey in open-air markets in four towns in Italy the value consumers buying directly from farmers attach to their particular choice of a specific vendor. Contingent on the chosen model, the average value of the personal relationship is 13.5-24.4% of their expenditure for fruits and vegetables.
Influência da curetagem alveolar na cicatrização após exodontia em cães
Authors: Katz Alan L.
Published: October 2021

Effects of curettage on the healing pattern of extraction wounds and their surrounding structures of the mandibular canal and nerve were observed and compared after extraction of mandibular third molars from dogs, the right alveoli having been submitted to a thorough curettage. New bone deposition on the upper and lateral walls of the mandibular canal was observed, surrounding and squeezing the nerve.
Condroma mandibular associado a cisto mediano de mandíbula (com epitélio do tipo respiratório): apresentação de um caso
Authors: Barbachan João Jorge , Varvaki Rados Pantelis , Sant'Ana Filho Manoel , Quadros Onofre , Faria Souza Icleo
Published: October 2021

The authors present a case of a Chondroma related with the anterior mandible that is associated with a median mandibular cyst in a woman 41 years old.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over Mn2O3 supported with different morphology of CeO2 Catalysts
Authors: Rao Shyam , PATEL VIVEK , Sharma Sweta
Published: October 2021

Three different morphologies of CeO2 supports (NP, NC, and NR) were
prepared by hydrothermal method and further Mn2O3 is impregnated on CeO2
supports using wet-impregnation methods, and their activity for NO
reduction using NH3-SCR technique is analysed. The prepared catalysts
and supports are further characterized through scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET). The catalytic performance of Mn2O3/CeO2-NP has shown the highest
conversion (76.06 %) compared to the other two catalysts in the
temperature range of 50 - 450°C.
Impact of Spatial and Temporal Stability of Aneurismal Flow Vortices on Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sunderland Kevin , Jia Wenkai , He Weilue , Jiang Jingfeng , Zhao Feng
Published: October 2021

Disturbed flow vortices are linked with altered vascular endothelial
cell (EC) morphology and protein expression indicative of intracranial
aneurysms (IA). Unfortunately, lesser known is the impact of vortex
spatial and temporal stability on EC changes. In this study, the
interplay between vortex stability and EC changes was investigated by a
novel combination of parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC) design and
computational analysis. ECs were exposed to laminar (7.5
dynes/cm wall shear stress) or low (<1
dynes/cm) stress vortical flow using PPFCs.
Immunofluorescent imaging analyzed EC morphology, while ELISA tests
quantified VE-cadherin (cell-cell adhesion), VCAM-1 (macrophage-EC
adhesion), and cleaved caspase-3 (apoptotic signal) expression. PPFC
flow was simulated, then vortex stability calculated via the temporally
averaged degree of (volume) overlap (TA-DVO) of vortices within a given
area. EC morphological changes were independent of vortex stability.
Increased stability promoted VE-cadherin degradation (correlation
coefficient r = -0.84) and 5-fold increased cleaved caspase-3 post
24-hrs in stable (TA-DVO 0.736+0.05) vs unstable (TA-DVO 0.606+0.2)
vortices. ECs in stable vortices displayed a 4.5-fold increase in VCAM-1
than unstable counterparts after 12-hrs flow. Flow vortices of greater
spatial and temporal stability impart greater degrees of EC changes
related to inflammation, cell-cell adhesion, and apoptosis, than
unstable vortices.
A Viewpoint on Population Analyses
Authors: Davidson Ernest , Clark Prof. A. E.
Published: October 2021

Population analyses have become an indispensable tool to computational
chemists. Yet implementation within popular quantum chemistry software
has buried the interesting philosophical choices made when partitioning
the electron density into atomic contributions. There is further
historical context that has significantly influenced common conceptions
of chemical bonding and reactivity. This work reviews select aspects of
orbital and spatial decomposition schemes of the density matrix,
pointing out essential linear algebraic considerations and associated
tools of shared interest to us and Prof. Mayer.
Stuck Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Clinical Conundrum of Managing Cardiac Surgical Patients During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Dhingra Nitish , Verma Subodh , Yau Terrence , Yanagawa Bobby , Hibino Makoto
Published: October 2021

Deferring non-emergent cardiac surgery became the strategy of choice for
several international healthcare systems afflicted by high case burdens
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19)
in order to both conserve valuable healthcare resources and protect
patients from possible exposure. Missing from the available dataset to
help guide policy development has been a clear understanding of the
extent to which COVID-19 infection modulates cardiac surgery outcomes.
In their investigation, Bonalumi and colleagues uncovered an inpatient
COVID-19 positivity rate of almost 10 times higher than that of the
general Italian population, as well as a mortality rate over 20 times
higher amongst cardiac surgery patients with perioperative COVID-19
infection compared to those COVID-negative. While the summation of
available evidence points to the serious consideration cardiac surgeons
must give to delaying surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic,
recognition must be given to the risks that postponing cardiac surgery
may have on patient outcomes. Emerging data is beginning to demonstrate
the efficacy of vaccination in preventing postoperative COVID-19
infection and morbidity.
A peridynamic damage-cumulative hybrid model for fatigue cracking
Authors: WANG Lanwen , Sheng Xuanyu , Luo Jianbin
Published: October 2021

A new peridynamic fatigue damage-cumulative hybrid model is developed in
this study, which is modeled by Kinetic Theory of Fracture(KTF) and
Paris formula. The compact tension specimen and modified compact tension
specimen are used to study the convergence of the fatigue crack growth
path and fatigue life. Then constant amplitude cyclic loading and
variable amplitude cyclic loading of the specimens are simulated. By
comparing with the experimental results, the accuracy of the model is
verified. Compared with the fatigue model that only uses KTF, the hybrid
model predicts the fatigue crack growth rate more accurately. The model
is based on the stress damage criterion in the fatigue crack initiation
stage, which can be a basis for fatigue prediction and safety design of
components in complex stress state in actual engineering.
Long-term functional results of transvaginal anal sphincter repair for faecal incontinence; a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Carswell Frida , Dwyer Peter , Zilberlicht Ariel , Alexander James , Bhamidipaty Madhu , Souza Alison De , Wong Alex , Keck James , Schierlitz Lore
Published: October 2021

Objective We report our experience with a transvaginal approach with
overlapping AS repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate long term
functional outcomes. Design Retrospective Cohort study. Setting and
Population Women who had undergone AS surgery for anal incontinence from
July 2005 to July 2020. were included. The patients included attended
the Mercy Hospital Perineal clinic a multidisciplinary team of
urogynecologists and colorectal surgeons. Private patients from the
surgeons in Perineal clinic were also included. Methods Overall 107
women were included in the study with a median follow up of 57.5 months.
Main Outcome Measure We analysed outcomes by comparing patients St marks
score difference before and after surgery. Meaningful clinical
difference (MID) was set at 5 points as per previous validation studies,
complications and patient demographics were recorded along with a
question if they would recommend this treatment to a friend. Results An
improvement exceeding the minimal clinical difference (MID) was seen in
69.3% of women. With a marked improvement in 46.5% of patients.
Furthermore 70% of our patients would recommend the procedure to a
friend, if they were in a similar situation. Wound infection or perineal
breakdown occurred in 45% of women but did not significantly impact on
outcomes. Conclusion Transvaginal AS repair is associated with
significant improvements in patients’ St. Marks score. Our data shows
that the long-term success rate of transvaginal AS repair may be better
than previously reported in the literature using a transvaginal
approach. Funding This study received no funding or sponsorship
One substance to rule them all and in the darkness bind them: whole-genome sequencing illuminates multifaceted targets of humic adaptation in Eurasian perch
Authors: Ozerov Mikhail , Noreikiene Kristina , Kahar Siim , Huss Magnus , Huusko Ari , Kõiv Toomas , Sepp Margot , López María , Gårdmark Anna , Gross Riho , Vasemägi Anti
Published: October 2021

Extreme environments are inhospitable to the majority of species, but
some organisms are able to survive in such hostile conditions due to
evolutionary adaptations. For example, modern bony fishes have colonized
various aquatic environments, including perpetually dark, hypoxic,
hypersaline and toxic habitats. Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is
among the few fish species of northern latitudes that is able to live in
extremely acidic humic lakes. Such lakes represent almost “nocturnal”
environments; they contain high levels of dissolved organic matter,
which in addition to creating a challenging visual environment, also
affects a large number of other habitat parameters and biotic
interactions. To reveal the genomic targets of humic-associated
selection, we performed whole-genome sequencing of perch originating
from 16 humic and 16 clear-water lakes in northern Europe. We identified
over 800,000 SNPs, of which >10,000 were identified as
potential candidates under selection (associated with
>3,000 genes) using multiple outlier approaches. Our
findings suggest that adaptation to the humic environment involves
hundreds of regions scattered across the genome. Putative signals of
adaptation were detected in genes and gene families with diverse
functions, including organism development and ion transportation. The
observed excess of variants under selection in regulatory regions
highlights the importance of adaptive evolution via regulatory elements,
rather than via protein sequence modification. Our study demonstrates
the power of whole-genome analysis to illuminate multifaceted nature of
humic adaptation and highlights the next challenge moving from
high-throughput outlier identification towards functional validation of
causal mutations underlying phenotypic traits of ecological and
evolutionary importance.
Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis guides to further enhance the biosynthesis of erythromycin by an overproducer
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Ke Xiang , Chu Ju , Qiao Lijia , Sui Yufei
Published: October 2021

Omics approaches have been applied to understand the boosted
productivity of natural products by industrial high-producing
microorganisms. Here, with the updated genome sequence and
transcriptomic profiles derived from high-throughput sequencing, we
exploited comparative omics analysis to further enhance the biosynthesis
of erythromycin in an industrial overproducer, Saccharopolyspora
erythraea HL3168 E3. By comparing the genome of E3 with the wild type
NRRL23338, we identified fragment deletions inside 56 coding sequences
and 255 single nucleotide polymorphisms over the genome of E3.
Substantial numbers of genomic variations were observed in genes
responsible for pathways which were interconnected to the biosynthesis
of erythromycin by supplying precursors/cofactors or by signal
transduction. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,
L-glutamine/L-glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate were identified as reporter
metabolites. Around the node of 2-oxoglutarate, genomic mutations were
also observed. Furthermore, the transcriptomic data suggested that genes
involved in the biosynthesis of erythromycin were significantly
up-regulated constantly, whereas some genes in biosynthesis clusters of
other secondary metabolites contained nonsense mutations and were
expressed at extremely low levels. Based on the omics association
analysis, readily available strategies were proposed to engineer E3 by
simultaneously overexpressing sucB (coding for 2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase E2 component) and sucA (coding for 2-oxoglutarate
dehydrogenase E1 component), which increased the erythromycin titer by
71% compared to E3 in batch culture. This work provides more promising
molecular targets to engineer for enhanced production of erythromycin by
the overproducer.
Yield and fracture loci for a ductile cast iron EN-GJS-600-3 under biaxial stresses
Authors: Benedetti M. , Curtolo Tommaso , Dallago Michele , Fontanari Vigilio , Lusuardi Danilo
Published: October 2021

Biaxial (axial and torsional loading) static tests were performed for
the first time on EN-GJS-600–3 ductile cast iron tubular specimens
obtained reproducing the solidification conditions typical of
thick-walled castings. The experimental results were elaborated to
determine the yield and fracture loci of the material, which exhibited
significant deviations from those predicted by the Von Mises and
Mohr-Coulomb criteria usually adopted for steels and grey cast iron,
respectively. For this purpose, several alternative criteria proposed in
the technical literature, some of them specifically devised for
composite materials, have been calibrated and compared to account for
the peculiar mechanical properties of this natural composite material.
Zebrafish Larvae's Response to Electricity is Mediated by Dopaminergic Agonists and Antagonists
Authors: Khalili Arezoo , Wijngaarden Ellen van , Zoidl Georg , Rezai Pouya
Published: October 2021

The signaling molecular mechanisms in zebrafish response to electricity
are unknown, so here we asked if changes to dopaminergic signaling
pathways can affect their electrically-evoked locomotion. To answer this
question, the effects of multiple selective and non-selective dopamine
compounds on the electric response of zebrafish larvae is investigated.
A microfluidic device with enhanced control of experimentation with
multiple larvae is used, which features a novel design to immobilize
four zebrafish larvae in parallel and expose them to electric current
that induces tail locomotion. In 6 days post-fertilization zebrafish
larvae, the electric induced locomotor response is quantified in terms
of the tail movement duration and beating frequency to discern the
effect of non-lethal concentrations of dopaminergic agonists
(apomorphine, SKF-81297, and quinpirole), and antagonists (butaclamol,
SCH-23390, and haloperidol). All dopamine antagonists decrease locomotor
activity, while dopamine agonists do not induce similar behaviours in
larvae. The D2- like selective dopamine agonist quinpirole enhances
movement. However, exposure to non-selective and D1-selective dopamine
agonists apomorphine and SKF-81297 cause no significant change in the
electric response. Exposing larvae that were pre-treated with butaclamol
and haloperidol to apomorphine and quinpirole, respectively, restores
electric locomotion. The results demonstrate a correlation between
electric response and the dopamine signalling pathway. We propose that
the electrofluidic assay has profound application potential as a
chemical screening method when investigating biological pathways,
behaviors, and brain disorders.
Solutions to a model with Neumann boundary conditions for sea-ice growth
Authors: Tang Yangxin , Zheng Lin
Published: October 2021

We continue to study an initial boundary value problems to a model
describing the evolution in time of diffusive phase interfaces in
sea-ice growth. In a previous paper global existence and the long-time
of behavior of weak solutions in one space was studied under Dirichlet
boundary conditions. Here we show that the global existence of weak
solutions and the long-time behavior are also studied under Neumann
boundary condition. In this paper we study in space dimension lower than
or equal to $3$.
On graded Ie-prime submodules of graded modules over graded commutative rings
Authors: Alghueiri Shatha , Al-Zoubi Khaldoun
Published: October 2021

Let G be a group with identity e. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring with
identity and M a graded R-module. We introduce the concept of graded
Ie-prime submodule as a generalization of a graded prime submodule for I
=?g?G Ig a fixed graded ideal of R. We give a number of results concerning
this class of graded submodules and their homogeneous components. A proper
graded submodule N of M is said to be a graded Ie-prime submodule of M if
whenever rg ? h(R) and mh ? h(M) with rgmh ? N ? IeN, then either rg ? (N :R
M) or mh ? N.
Weak and strong convergence theorems for three Suzuki’s generalized nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Temir Seyit
Published: October 2021

We introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common fixed point of three
Suzuki?s generalized nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. We establish
weak and strong convergence theorems for three Suzuki?s generalized
nonexpansive mappings. The results obtained extend and improve the recent
ones announced by Ali et al., Maniu and Thakur et al..
Mantarın Bağlayıcı Olarak Kullanıldığı Bir Kompozit Malzemenin Üretilmesi ve Tutuşma Süresi ile Su Alma Özelliklerinin Tespiti
Authors: KUTBAY Nuriye Hande , YAVUZCAN H. Güçlü , AKTAŞ Sinan
Published: October 2021

Sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için yenilenebilir kaynak kullanımı, atık malzemelerin hammadde olarak değerlendirilmesi, atıkların biyo-çözünürlüğünün yüksek olması gibi faktörler büyük önem arz etmektedir. Doğal lifler, yenilenebilir kaynak olarak kompozit malzeme geliştirmede kullanılabilmekte; yıllık bazda yenilenebilen tarımsal atıkların kompozit malzemelerde hammadde olarak kullanılması ise aynı zamanda atık malzemelerin malzeme döngüsüne dahil edilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Hammadde olarak ele alındığında mantar da yenilenebilir bir kaynak olmakta; enzimleriyle bulunduğu ortamdaki doğal lifler arasında yapıştırıcı görevi gören miselyum, malzeme üretiminde kullanılabilmektedir. Mantarın ve doğal liflerin kullanıldığı kompozit malzemeler tamamen organik olan yapıları sayesinde ürün yaşam döngülerini tamamladıktan sonra doğada tamamen bozunabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, biyolojik etkinliği yüksek olan ve hızlı lif oluşturabilen mantar türlerinden biri olan Pleurotus ostreatus türüne ait miselyumun bağlayıcı; tarımsal atık olan buğday sapının ise substrat olarak kullanıldığı ve üretimi organik bir büyüme süreci şeklinde gerçekleşen bir kompozit malzeme geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen malzeme alev kaynağına 10, 30 ve 60 saniye maruz bırakıldığında kararma olduğu; 67. saniyede ise tutuşmanın başladığı gözlenmiştir. 24 saat suya daldırma sonucunda su alma değerinin %257 ve suda kalınlığa şişme değerinin %2.55-3.63 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Self-scored impairments in functioning and disability in post-COVID syndrome following mild COVID-19 infection
Authors: Norrefalk Jan-Rickard , Borg Kristian , Bileviciute-Ljungar Indre
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To investigate functioning, activity and disability in people with post-COVID syndrome.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Subjects/patients: Participants were recruited online via Facebook and a stakeholders’ organization for post-COVID syndrome in Sweden.
Methods: Sociodemographic data and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-based questionnaires were collected via an online platform and analysed.
Results: A total of 100 participants were included (mean age 44.5 years, 82% women, 61% with higher education, and 56% working full- or part-time). For the ICF component Body Functions, the most impaired functions were: fatigability and energy drive (98–99%); higher cognitive functions (74–94%); sleep functions (98%); muscle functions (93%); respiratory functions (92%); heart functions (82%); emotional functions (80%); sexual functions (77%); pain problems (56–90%); and thermoregulatory functions (68%). For the component Activity, the most frequent limitations were: handling stressful situations (98%); remunerative employment (95%); recreation and leisure (94%); climbing the stairs (94%); doing housework (84%); and informal socializing (64%). The most frequent degrees of impairment/limitations were light and moderate, except for severe-complete for fatigue, higher cognitive functions, multitasking, handling stressful situations; and recreation and leisure activities.
Conclusion: Post-COVID syndrome following a mild COVID-19 infection can result in impaired body functions and activities. These results support the importance of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach for these patients.