bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Sustainable Fish Farming Culture in North-East of Nigeria
Authors: Zanna Babagana
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in North East Zone of Nigeria where fishing has been the occupation of the inhabitants. The study focused on the challenges of sustainable fish farming culture in the study area. Data for the study was obtained from both primary and secondary sources through a public participation and stakeholders’ interview with the application of focus group discussion. The data collection for the research work was carried out within the period of 1st to 31st March 2023. Primarily, conservative qualitative method with snow-ball technique was applied and information was elicited from the respondents on challenges of sustainable fish farming culture. The study revealed the challenges associated in sustaining fish farming culture involves conflict associated with fisheries management system, the use of crude implements, the system is self-subsistence, over-exploitative, degradable, limitation of cultural adaptation and lack of support system. Recommendations were made for formulation of policy framework that will transformed and sustained the fish farming culture.
The Approach of Traditional and Modern Fish Farmers under the Background of Socioeconomic Attributes for Sustainable Fish Production in Nigeria
Authors: Zanna Babagana
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in Baga Fishing Community of Lake Chad Basin area of Kukawa Local Government Area, Borno North, Jere and Konduga Local Government Area Borno Central in Borno State of Nigeria. The study focused on the approach of traditional and modern fish farmers under the background of socioeconomic attributes for sustainable fish production in Nigeria. Data for the study was collected within the period of thirty-one (31) days from 14th March, to 13th April 2022. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed, primarily qualitative method of data collection was employed. The study revealed that traditional fish farmers engage in fulltime and part-time fish farming and other agricultural activities unlike the modern fish farmers that engage in fish farming on part-time basis, although both the traditional and the modern fish farmers earns monthly income of more than forty thousand (N40,000) naira. Majority of the traditional fish farmers are married with no contact with extension agents. The traditional fish farmers have higher family sizes. Ninety nine percent of the traditional fish farmers have not undergone formal system of education, with very low infrastructural support and other social services unlike the modern fish farmers. Recommendations were made for the upliftment of the general wellbeing of the fish farmers in the fishing communities for sustainable fish production.
Water Quality and Plankton Population Abundance Affected by Earthen Ponds Management
Authors: Soliman Mostafa AM
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted in two earthen ponds fish farming systems located at (El-Rayed area- Kafer El-Shiak governmentEgypt); namely, feed and fertilizer fish farming systems. Each system was replicated in four ponds (8000m2 each), to determine water quality, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance. Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus); mullet (Mugil cephalus) and catfish (Clarias garipinus) were cultured in each pond at initial weight of 2, 30 and 50 g, respectively. The present study aimed to evaluate two fish farming systems differing in pond management procedures in the Nile Delta regions. Results apparent insignificant differences between the two fish farming systems in terms of water temperature (ranged 12.7 to 30.9°C from winter to summer months), salinity, EC and total hardness. Whilst, fertilizer fish farm had significantly high levels of pH, DO, secchi disc, total alkalinity, orthophosphate, TAN, NO2, NO3, algal abundance and chlorophyll “a” n water compared to those of feed fish farm. Significant increase (P<0.05) in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance were observed in fertilizer fish farm compared to feed fish farm, this was due the high organic manure inputs to pond water during all seasons including winter at one ton per feddan every 10 days.
Comparative Analysis of the Economic Viability between Integrated and Conventional Production in Semi-Intensive Shrimp Farming of Litopenaeus vannamei in Brazil
Authors: Cozer Nathieli
Published: January 2024

We performed simulations to analyse the economic viability between conventional production (CP) and integrated production (IP) regimes of marine shrimp in ponds under semi-intensive culture in Brazil. The structural and operational characteristics of CP and the zootechnical parameters associated with shrimp production, were defined based on a systematic literature review through the application of the PRISMA method. The structural and operational characteristics, management strategies and zootechnical parameters of integrated production were estimated based on the principles and practices determined by Brazilian legislation and IP international concepts applied for shrimp farming presented in the technical and scientific literature. Comparisons between economic and financial viability of CP and IP were performed through the diagnosis (inventory) of the activities, processes, equipment and inputs that compose the operation of a hypothetical semi-intensive shrimp pond farm. In addition to the cash flows prepared for the two scenarios, the net present value (NPV), gross revenue (GR), operational profit (OP), payback (PB), benefit/cost (B/C) and internal rate of return (IRR) of the CP and IP were estimated. Implementation of specific technical standards (STS) represented the highest costs. The NPV of the CP was USD 758,147.70 and of the IP was USD 97,452.54. The GR was USD 545,2565.00 for CP and USD 364,422.24 for PI. The PF estimated for the CP was USD 217,300.56, whereas that for IP was USD 68,416.72. The PB was estimated for one year for both scenarios. The B/C ratio was 1.66 for CP and 1.23 for IP. The IRR values for CP and IP were 35% and 7%, respectively. IP presented lower economic and financial indicators than those of CP. The results obtained here may be useful as a starting point for the reduction of economic differences between conventional and integrated ventures and for the feasibility of integrated production in shrimp farming.
Floating Islands for Urban Resilience Aquatic Resources Management in the Tropics: Win-Win-Win Strategies for Eutrophication Control, Aquafarming and Waterborne Green Transport System
Authors: BB Jana
Published: January 2024

Various wastes from ever rising populations, widespread use of fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, hormones for intensified agriculture, aquaculture, livestock farming, direct sewage discharge have been the major drivers of excess phosphorus responsible for eutrophication in inland freshwaters. Reduction of nitrogen did not prove effective for eutrophication control, while multiple lines of evidence indicate that phosphorus control works best to mitigate eutrophication in freshwaters. More specifically, it is the N:P ratio that modulates the types of algal bloom as NP ratio > 16:1 favours the bloom of harmful blue green algae and the reverse for green algae. Although there are different physical, chemical and biological methods used for phosphorus removal, the constructed floating islands have proved immense potentials to remove phosphorus mediated through plant-microbe uptake mechanism to restore clean habitat for sustainable development. The current challenge of the conversion of numerous valuable lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, rivers into wastewater systems unacceptable for fish farming and other economic driven activities can be confronted with win- win- win strategies of environmentally safe and sustainable solutions of floating landmass for agriculture, bio-reclamation of eutrophic lakes and rivers, a farming in these water and urban resilience waterborne green transport system across small to medium scale rivers. It is that floating islands made of selective powerful plants and microbes can be installed not only in the confined polluted lakes and reservoirs, but this facility can be extended to rivers of different dimensions for clean up as well as a network of waterborne public transport in the form of environmentally- safe passage boat, water taxi across the rivers. This is of special significance in small to medium scale rivers in India, Bangladesh and other rich countries in Asia not only for public transport and fish farming as well. However, multidimensional technological approaches and strategies with innovative cutting edge technical nature based solutions are most welcome to achieve the success of such giant holistic functionality project.
The Role of Vitamin D in Treatment and Prophylaxis of Viral Infections
Authors: MF Elmahdy
Published: January 2024

Importance: Researchers and scientific expertise are in the marathon for reaching to effective therapeutics and powerful protective measures against viral infectious diseases generally and SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19) specially. Viral infections e.g. SARs-CoV2 causes immune activation and systemic hyper-inflammation which can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D status may influence the severity of responses to viral infections and that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency will be closely aligned to increase morbidity. In this paper we try to emphasize the role of vitamin D in the treatment and protection against viral infections. Relevance: Vitamin D helps in decreasing the ‘pro-inflammatory cytokines’ in the lungs and acts in immuno-modulatory function, and also it will increase the anti-inflammatory, antiviral responses of the respiratory epithelial cells during infection. Recent research has indicated that vitamin D may have immune supporting properties through modulation of both the adaptive and innate immune system either by regulation of cytokines and cell signaling pathways. So, vitamin D acts as an important factor in decline cytokines storm in COID-19 infection. Conclusion: The highly infectious nature of viruses and the increased morbidity and mortality without proper therapy and vaccine, many doctors in hospitals and other health care settings try to applicate good protocols of therapeutics to decrease the harmful effects of viral infection. Vitamin D is one of these supplements in the treatment protocol. Discontinuing vitamins could increase the mortality and morbidity of those affected, especially in deficient/ insufficient individuals. Obtaining serum 25 (OH) D levels in all patients with viral respiratory infections, especially COVID-19, could help in the detection and treatment of Vitamin D deficiency and potentially decrease recovery time and improve outcome. Even though evidence suggests that vitamin D has the anti-inflammatory, antiviral properties, so it will help in controlling trials to decrease morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 infection.
Anatomy Image Series: Persistent Metopic Sutures in a Series of Dry Skulls of Hellenic Origin
Authors: G Tsoucalas
Published: January 2024

The persistence of a complete metopic suture in adulthood is called metopism. Numerous studies report wide variations concerning the prevalence of metopic sutures in adult crania. Metopic suture lies to the midline of the forehead and extends from the frontal bone to the root of the nose. However various types of incomplete sutures do exist. A series of 126 dry skulls is examined. A total of 15 metopic sutures were revealed, 2 complete (1 combined) and 13 incompletes. The localization and suture types are important for clinical approaches, as during the evaluation of head traumas in the emergency department.
Ancient Wisdom of Embryology-A Scientific Elucidation in Purview of Epigenetics
Authors: S Pooja
Published: January 2024

Ayurveda mainly vouchsafe with healthy and diseased conditions of human being starting from conception untill death. The paramount objective of Garbhasharir (embryology) described by Ayurvedic texts is Suprajanan (Healthy Progeny). Modern embryology explains the aspect about formation, development & structural teratogenesity of organs of our body in detail, whereas Ayurveda describes about structural, physical and mental status of the foetus. There are abundant references of Garbhasharir which are quoted in Brihattrayee (Three major compendia of Ayurved) and their commentaries that need to be elucidated in an appropriate way so as to make them pertinent for current era. The present critical appraisal is based on concepts of Grabhasharir mentioned in Ayurvedic lexicons in relation to embryological concepts, to interpret the processes related to genesis of progeny and analyse them with the help of current scientific knowledge. Brihattrayee and other relevant literature were critically reviewed to and out the hidden core of embryology described in chapters related to Garbhasharir. The concepts of Ayurvedic embryology are truly based on its fundamentals i.e 'Tridosha' (three bodily humours), 'Triguna' (three psychological humours) & 'Panchamahabhoota' etc. Ayurvedic compendia roughly shows two types of processes (dependent & independent) related to genesis of progeny. Dependent processes are those that can be modified & independent are those which cannot be modified by the endeavour of the parents. Even though the concepts of embryology described in Ayurveda dates back to centuries, they are still relevant in the current scientific world provided proper insight is applied to interpret them
Human Anatomy and its History in the Reflection of Philocarty and Philately
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

This article presents the results of a study devoted to the reflection of information on the history of anatomy in philocard and philately. As illustrative materials, postal and art cards (philocation), postage stamps, blocks and envelopes (philately) are presented, to which the accompanying information is given. Due to the fact that the reflection of anatomy, as a medical science, its heroes, and its history on postage and art cards is very rare, the criterion for selection was to find all possible and available copies devoted to anatomy and its history on professional websites of collectors of philatelic and philocartistic materials. Many of the postal and art cards, where possible, are presented on both sides, obverse and reverse, which confirms the authenticity of the copies presented. All of the illustrative materials in the article, presented as screenshots, are properly referenced, in order to respect all copyrights, with the obligatory indication of where they were taken from. Almost all illustrative materials and references to historical data and events presented are taken, with the active use of Internet resources.
Poor Sleep Quality and Associated Factors among Midlife Women at Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2022: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: M Belete
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Poor sleep quality is defined as a lack of restful and restorative sleep, which is a common complaint among midlife women. There aren't enough studies on the prevalence and contributing factors of poor sleep quality among Ethiopian midlife women, even though it affects these women's quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among midlife women in Dessie town. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 01, 2022, to May 01, 2022. A cluster sampling technique was employed. Moreover, data were collected using interviewer-administered pretested questionnaires. Data were entered and analyzed using Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 26 respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis models were fitted to find the association of each independent variable with the outcome variable. The strength of the association was computed by using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Variables having a P-value ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 652 women were included in the study with a response rate of 98.3% and the mean age was 47.6 ±5.81 with the age range of 40-65. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among midlife women in Dessie town was 55.5% (95% CI (=51.9, 59.0)). Women who had no formal education (AOR=2.51, 95%CI(=1.30, 4.86)),being obese (AOR=2.41, 95% CI(=1.10, 5.32)), khat chewing(AOR=2.05, 95% CI(=1.13, 3.74)), hot flashes (AOR=5.58, 95%CI(=3.31, 9.39)), being Diabetics (AOR=3.16, 95% CI(=1.43, 6.94)), having stress (AOR=2.72, 95 % CI (=1.32, 5.59)) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: More than half of the participant had poor sleep quality. Lack of formal education, khat chewing, being obese, diabetic, and having hot flashes and stress were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. It is recommended to avoid modifiable risk factors.
Caregivers Perceived Enhancers and Barriers to Home Exercise Programme of Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: NR Chimereze
Published: January 2024

Home exercise programme (HEP) is a vital component of physical therapy procedures for patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Cerebral palsy is a movement and postural disorder which occurs as a result of brain injury or injury to a developing brain. One of the complementary ways of giving physical therapy is by prescribing home exercise programme (HEP). However, there is paucity of information on adherence to home programmes among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy hence the need for this study. 30% of the respondents adhered to the HEP. A closer look at their activities, 27(56.3% of them performed the HEP for 30minutes- 1 hour, 15(31.3%) performed for less than 30 minutes while 6(12.5%) performed the HEP for greater than 1 hour. Majority 48% of the people that perform the HEP were the mothers. 71.4% of the respondents perceived lack of time as the greatest barrier to their adherence to prescribed HEP while they perceived emphasis by the therapist 63.3%, obvious improvement of their child/wards condition (77.6%), the desire for their Childs’ wellbeing (77.6%), and encouragement from the therapist as the major ehancers/motivators to their performing the prescribed HEP. The caregivers recommended that there is need for partners/ family support 57.1%, give time to practice and investigate HEP 57.1% and educate parents/ caregivers to provide emotional and physical support 73.5% to improve performance of HEPs. At the end of this study, it’s been discovered that there is low adherence to HEP among caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Recommendations are made towards the use of family centered approach, counselling, and adoption of certain strategies to improve the performance of HEP. Further studies are also required with a larger sample size.
The Evolution of the Formation of the Human Skull, in Reflection of a Number of Means of Collection
Authors: KA Bugaevsky
Published: January 2024

This author's, research article, in the form of screenshots, presents the results of the study, such means of collecting as postage stamps, envelopes, postage stamps, commemorative coins and medals, books, dedicated to the heroes of the article, and their photographs, reflect the processes of evolutionary changes of the human skull, from the period of ancient people, ancestors of modern man, to the present, in the reflection of such means of collecting as philately and numismatics
From Laughter to Medicine, from Clowning to Therapy
Authors: V Lalantika
Published: January 2024

“Laughter is the best medicine,” was just a saying up until, therapeutic clowning started using humour and play to bring about emotional healing and psychological recovery. This article attempts to review 27research based articles in a thematic fashion, to develop a comprehensive understanding about therapeutic clowning, its effects across different conditions and specific populations, and how it could be established as a profession. The review not only adds to the existing literature on medical clowning, but also tries to highlight the therapeutic nature of it, and how it lends itself in maintaining the holistic well-being of the diseased or disabled. After close examination, it was found out that therapeutic clowning has positive and sustainable consequences for community well-being. This also expands further scope for future researches to measure the effects of therapeutic clowning so that it could be accepted as an intervention model or a psycho-socio-emotional rehabilitation model.
A Review of Experimental and Comparative Study of Cork-Based Nanocomposite Dampers with Normal Dampers in the Field of Construction
Authors: Jalgar Sandhya R
Published: January 2024

Cork products have an increasing demand for vibration damping systems due to their good vibration isolation behavior as well as their eco-friendly and sustainable properties. Cork is a lightweight, natural material made from the bark of the Quercus Suber L. tree, which can be found in Portugal's forests. The principal application is wine stoppers, but due to its unique thermal and vibration insulation and acoustic characteristics, it is now commonly found in construction and aeronautic applications. Nowadays, the urge to have lightweight and environmentally friendly materials with improved mechanical properties is increasing. As technology and ideas emerge, composite materials evolve with different elements to test different approaches. This paper reviews the possibility of using granulated cork and other nanomaterials as reinforcement and the various preliminary tests that are performed to characterize the dynamic properties of the composite with a view to assessing its ability to attenuate vibration in the concrete material. The same experimental results were compared with the normal dampers without cork and nanomaterials.
Tupichinol-E Reverse Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition against ER Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Pradhan Debasish
Published: January 2024

Aim: To investigate the effects of Tupichinol E, an alkaloid present in Tupistra chinensis BAKER (Liliaceae) on the metastasis of Triple negative mammary carcinoma in-vitro, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms and Tupichinol E binding to EGFR stabilises the protein structure and is a pharmacologically active substance that can be used against cancer due to its potent activity. Methods: Growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed using MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle of MCF-7 cells were evaluated with flow cytometry, and the related proteins were examined using Western blotting. Structurally similar EGFR inhibitors, their modes of binding and mechanism of actions are a new way to select lead compounds for better alternatives. Therefore molecular docking is done to find a potential anti-EGFR flavonoid. Results: Tupichinol E (35–280 μmol/L) inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners (the IC50 values were 105±1.08 and 78.52±1.06 μmol/L, respectively, at 48 and 72 h). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with Tupichinol E (70–280 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells, accompanying activation of caspase 3. The cells treated with Tupichinol E (140 and 280 μmol/L) significantly increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase with a reduction in the expression of cyclin B1. Osmertinib shows binding energy -107.23 kcal/mol with EGFR, while Tupichinol E shows binding energy -98.89 kcal/mol. Tupichinol E shows 1.5 times more binding affinity than Osmertinib. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that Tupichinol E is an effective antitumor compound in vitro and in-silico, and has the potential to be developed as a new anticancer drug.
Floristic Composition and Ecological Characteristics of Tehsil Samar Bagh District Lower Dir
Authors: Ali Liyaqat
Published: January 2024

Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. ex Wild., a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has been rediscovered in the Gurez valley of Kashmir Himalaya, India, after a hiatus of more than 50 years. This reappearance not only highlights the resilience of this species but also underscores the importance of continuous exploration and documentation of biodiversity. Understanding its habitat requirements and the reasons for its disappearance could offer valuable insights into the conservation of not only this specific species but also other endangered plants in the Himalayan region. The present study's approach, including a detailed taxonomic description, photographs showcasing diagnostic characters, and an identification key, serves as a robust method to validate our research and resolve past taxonomic uncertainties.
Blood Pressure Response to Treadmill Stress TestingInterpretation and Critical Appraisal
Authors: SR Mittal
Published: January 2024

A progressive and sustained decrease in systolic blood pressure on the continuation of exercise suggests severe left ventricular dysfunction irrespective of the cause. A transient decrease in systolic blood pressure followed by a normal increase in the continuation of exercise does not have any clinical significance. Failure of systolic blood pressure to increase commensurate to an increase in workload suggests the failure of adequate increase in left ventricular stroke volume with increasing workload. At present there is no consensus about the definition and significance of the exaggerated increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise. This is because different authors have used different criteria for defining abnormal response. An increase in diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg over resting diastolic blood pressure or peak diastolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg is significant and may be associated with a future risk of hypertension at rest. There is no consensus about the magnitude of the fall in systolic blood pressure during the initial few minutes of recovery. A paradoxical increase rather than a decrease in systolic blood pressure during recovery may be associated with coronary artery disease. Correct auscultatory measurement of blood pressure at peak exercise is difficult. Therefore, some authorities recommend the evaluation of blood pressure at a submaximal workload. This area needs further evaluation.
Acute Pancreatitis Mimicking Acute STEMI Infarction
Authors: Novosel Dragan
Published: January 2024

A 54-year-old male with the history of pancreatitis, arterial hypertension and diabetes was presented to cardiologist with epigastrial pain, inferior STEMI and hypotension. Initial laboratory findings were delayed because of hemolytic serum that caused administration of invasive procedures for ruling out myocardial infarction. The condition causing hypotension was necrotic pancreatitis. This case report highlights the importance of thinking of other not very likely diagnoses in patients with STEMI infarction and the importance of obtaining laboratory findings in time.
Progress in the Study of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xu Qian
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular disease stands as the leading cause of global mortality, with coronary atherosclerosis emerging as the prevailing pathological alteration within this condition. This lesion is distinguished by a notable escalation in oxidative stress. The prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis has exhibited a steady rise over time, leading to a consequential escalation in fatalities resulting from acute myocardial infarction caused by this condition. This alarming trend poses a significant threat to the well-being of our population. To address the imperative issue of preventing acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary atherosclerosis, this study offers a novel theoretical framework elucidating the pathogenesis and progression of acute myocardial infarction. By presenting and consolidating the findings of our research, this project aims to contribute to the prevention of acute myocardial infarction in recent years. The prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation, narrowing of blood vessel lumen, obstruction, and myocardial ischemic infarction resulting from heightened oxidative stress in the human body, diminished vitamin C levels, impaired collagen formation, and unregulated cardiac wall repair system necessitates the reduction of oxidative intake, elimination of oxidative accumulation within the body, or augmentation of antioxidant intake. Furthermore, a substantial body of epidemiological evidence indicates that aberrant lipid metabolism serves as the primary predisposing factor for acute myocardial infarction. Additionally, both intermittent fasting and fat reduction therapy have demonstrated efficacy in preventing acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, it is worth noting that reducing non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C) is considered a secondary objective of fat reduction therapy. Moreover, magnesium is a significant dietary component that is frequently disregarded, yet numerous scientific investigations have substantiated the inverse relationship between the presence of magnesium ions in potable water and the prevalence of mortality due to coronary heart disease. However, iron, as an additional constituent, significantly contributes to the susceptibility of individuals to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.
Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in a Primary Health Care Area Cerro Municipality
Authors: Zamora Jose Luis Cabrera
Published: January 2024

Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important cause of death in subjects over 50 years of age in developed countries. Arterial pathology as a whole, whether presented as coronary, cerebrovascular, or peripheral arterial disease, is an important cause of chronic disease, functional limitation and decreased quality of life and is associated with greater general and specific morbidity. Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in its initial stages and the associated classic risk factors in a population from the primary health care area of the Cerro Municipality. Material and Methods: Population-based, prospective, longitudinal and cross-sectional, the study population included all subjects over 55 years of age, belonging to the Cerro Polyclinic who attended Angiology and Vascular Surgery consultation, in the period from 2012 to 2013. Of the 962 subjects treated, 707 were over 55 years old and of these, 94 met the inclusion criteria for the study. All of them knew the epidemiological purpose of the study and gave their consent. Results: 94 patients over 55 years of age participated in the study, with a prevalence at the time of inclusion of 13% diagnosed with PAD in its initial Fontaine stages. Conclusions: The prevalence of PAD, in its initial stages, was 13%, with 73.4% being asymptomatic and 27.6% symptomatic, the main risk factor being smoking with 57.5%, followed by Hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension, the association was confirmed with its location in other vascular beds, 14.9% in patients who had previously presented coronary events, 8.5% cerebrovascular events.
Mucormycosis in COVID- 19 Patients Poses a Challenge to Public Health
Authors: Pal Mahendra
Published: January 2024

Mucormycosis is an emerging and re-emerging mycosis that is reported from many countries of the world including India. The disease is caused by filamentous fungi that belonged to the genus Absidia, Cunninghamella, Mucor, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus. These fungi are widely prevalent in our environment, and have the potential to invade any organ of the body including the sinuses, lung, brain, heart, kidney, joint and others. The source of infection is exogenous, and the respiratory tract is considered as the prime portal of entry of the fungi. Mucormycosis can occur in sporadic as well as in epidemic form. The maximum cases of mucormycosis are caused by Rhizopus oryzae. Globally, disease due to Rhizopus oryzae affects over 10,000 persons each year. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has posed a great challenge to the public health authorities. Mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients are reported from India, and also other nations. Rhino-orbital-cerebral form of mucormycosis is frequently encountered in clinical setting throughout the world. Diabetes mellitus and steroid therapy are the most important risk factors that predispose the patients to mucormycosis. The laboratory help is imperative to confirm an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. Liposomal amphotericin-B and posaconazole are the antifungal drugs that are recommended for the treatment of mucormycosis the patients
Coconut’s Bud Rot by Phytophthora palmivora: A Destructive Disease
Authors: B Avinash
Published: January 2024

Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is a cosmopolitan hemibiotrophic oomycete that may infect over 200 plant species, including cocos nucifera, one of the world’s most valuable crops which is commonly called as Coconut. Coconut is a key economic commodity in India, plays an important role in contributing to India’s GDP of about 15,000 crore rupees and 72% of worlds total production is from India and productivity is also high in India. Bud rot disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora grounds a significant amount of crop loss each year. Phytophthora palmivora infects many parts of the coconut plant including the buds, causing bud rot disease. This review focuses on the overview of Coconut production in India and Phytophthora palmivora infection to bud of coconut plant. We highlight some current findings on the bud rot disease of coconut caused by Phytophthora palmivora. This review examines the identification of Phytophthora palmivora as a cause of bud rot disease of coconut in India, its isolation, inhibition and discuss the importance of Phytophthora palmivora as a major threat to coconut palm plantings globally.
Whole Genome Sequence and Multidrug Resistant in Fungi
Authors: Musa Qader Govand
Published: January 2024

The comparative genomic study of fungal pathogens allows the detection of genes and variations linked to virulence and antibiotic resistance. The methods, tools, and developments used to study clinically significant fungal pathogens utilizing whole genome sequencing are discussed in this article. It provides the resolution needed to compare closely related strains like in outbreak analysis or to compare multidrug resistant isolate from the same host over time. In addition to basic research, genomic analysis of fungal pathogens can have a positive impact on diagnostics. New metagenomic techniques will enable direct analysis of complex data as sequencing scales rise.
The Fascinating Spongiforma Mushroom (Spongebob Mushroom)
Authors: WA Elkhateeb
Published: January 2024

Mushrooms are generous source of nutritional and medicinal compounds. SpongeBob fungi are a group of mushrooms belonging to Basidiomycota; Class; Agaricomycetes; Order Boletales; Family: Boletaceae. Their name derived from the Nickelodeon cartoon character SpongeBob Square Pants. They are considered from the Basidiomycetes mushrooms all over the world. It is usually found in Malaysia, in moisture environments even can survive in dried air. SpongeBob mushrooms Edibility, not clear. This review aims to Spongiforma (gastroid boletes) mushrooms under light spot through describing their morphology and ecology especially of the most common fungus, Spongiforma thailandica.
Vitamin D Enriched Edible Mushrooms: A Review
Authors: WA Elkhateeb
Published: January 2024

Vitamin D is one of the most important vitamins to human health as it plays a significant role in human’s various physiological functions including metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, neuromuscular and skeletal homeostasis and is also effective against various diseases. Although it is found in two major forms, vitamin D3 (from animal-derived products) and vitamin D2 (from plant, mushrooms and yeast), it is reported that vitamin D2 functions similar to vitamin D3 as both possess the ability to improve overall vitamin D levels in blood. Also, vitamin D2 obtained from mushrooms do not show hypercalcaemic effects reported during the use of vitamin D3 . Hence, we aimed in this study to put mushrooms as a potential source of dietary vitamin D under the spot. Moreover, we mentioned examples of mushroom species reported to contain vitamin D in their composition. Some factors controlling the level of vitamin D in these mushrooms were also highlighted.
Studies on the Growth and Development of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita of Phaseolus vulgaris in Tissue Culture Media
Authors: Monaim MF Abdel
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to study the growth and development of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of Phaseolus vulgaris in tissue culture media. The data revealed the developmental common bean cv. Paulista of M.S media as the following: the seed swelling stage after three days, the radical appearance stage after five days. The cotyledons leaves appear after six days, the cotyledon leaves appear after eight days, and the seedling stage after twelve days. The life cycle of M. incognita completed about thirty-seven days in root tissues of Paulista cultivar. Microscopic examinations of the infected bean roots revealed the following: Second-stage juveniles of M. incognita penetrated the roots within 24 hrs after nematode inoculation. Third-stage juveniles were observed in roots (six-eight) days after nematode inoculation. While, fourth stage juveniles were observed in roots 12-14 days after nematode inoculation. The pre-adult females were seen inside roots within twenty days after nematode inoculation. The adult females were seen inside roots within twenty-seven days after nematode inoculation. Egg laying females with deposit egg masses of M. incognita was observed thirty-seven days after nematode inoculation.
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potentials of 22 Wild Mushrooms from the Western Highlands of Cameroon
Authors: Balla Ekobo Sandrine Appolonie
Published: January 2024

Some fungi species thanks to their antioxidant activities have been found able to protect the liver against toxic substances. There is a lack of data on the antioxidant and the hepatoprotective potential of tropical Africa mushrooms. This study was to assess the antioxidant and protective effects of 22 wild mushrooms from the Noun Division in Cameroon against the hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rat liver slices. Mushroom extracts were used for polyphenols, flavonoids, thiols and total amino acids content determinations and in vitro antioxidant properties assessment in comparison to that of vitamin C using 2,2-diphenyl1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ferric reducing power (FRAP) and the superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) activity assays. The hepatoprotective capacity of the mushrooms extracts was evaluated by measuring their ability to inhibit the enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) leakage from rat liver slices and formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). As results, the species Afroboletus luteolus, Amanita rubescens, Ganoderma applanatum, Neonothopothanus hygrophanus, Termitomyces schimperi and Tylopilus sp. demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. In addition to this activity, A. luteolus, A. rubescens, T. schimperi and Tylopilus sp. exhibited the greatest protection effect against cisplatine toxicity. This study shows that the studied wild mushroom species possess prominent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities and, consumption could provide both nutritional and health benefits to the population promoting contribution of fungi in food security
Biocidal Effect of Essential Oil of Verbena Officinalis on the Black Bean Aphis Fabae
Authors: M MehaniL
Published: January 2024

The polyphagia and the great capacity of reproduction of the aphids, arouse the use of several control methods, among others, essential oils which constitute a good alternative to the fight chemical and one of the most explored pathways in the biological regulation of pests. The aim of the study is to estimate the insecticidal power of a bio product formulated from an oil bitter Verbena officinalis, on the reduction of fertility and population density of different biological forms of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae. The temporal effectiveness of the formulated bio product was estimated by evaluating the rates of residual populations Methods: The essential oil is extracted by hydrodistilation from Verbena officinalis leaves. After formulation, two doses were recommended (D=0.4g/l and DD=1g/l), and two treatment methods were used (foliar application and root absorption) on broad bean plants infested by Aphis fabae with the aim of highlight the insecticidal capacity of the essential oil of Verbena officinalis. The results showed that the two treatment modes have a very marked effect on the density of Aphis fabae where the dose parameter has little influence on the aphicidal activity of the essential oil of Verbena officinalis. On the other hand, the treatment by root absorption acts more on the residual populations and the fecundity of the black bean aphid compared to foliar application, the Biocidal potential of which is accentuated with increasing doses. The formulation has optimized the effectiveness of the essential oil of Verbena officinalis, which resulted in its high toxicity, the most effective root application of which.
Post-Acute-COVID-19-Illness Neuropsychiatric Sequelae
Authors: Cheepsattayakorn Attapon
Published: January 2024

Direct viral invasion, neurodegeneration, microvascular thrombosis, neuroinflammation, and severe systemic inflammation can be the causes of post-acute-COVID-19- illness neuropathology [1-4], supported by brain parenchyma and vessel changes of possibly driven inflammation in neurons, supportive cells, and brain vasculature in COVID-19 autopsy series [5,6]. A role in persistent brain effects of SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) may be played by an accumulation of memory T cells, a biomarker of immunosenescence in tissue injury and aging, accompanying with the decreased ability to respond to new antigens that are demonstrated in chronic low-level brain inflammation [7].
Omicron: A New Variant of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Cheepsattayakorn Attapon
Published: January 2024

On November 24, 2021, the B.1.1.529 variant of SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) was first reported from South Africa [1]. The first known confirmed B.1.1.529 infected specimen was collected on November 9, 2021 [1]. On November 25, 2021, daily case numbers in South Africa increased quickly with three distinct peaks in reported cases (the latest peak was predominantly the Delta variant) to more than 1,200 cases from 273 cases on November 16, 2021, more than 80% infected cases, including first case were in the northern province of Gauteng [2]. Currently, this variant is spreading, globally [2].
Machine Learning-Based Sentiment Analysis of Tweets about COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: E Çakıt
Published: January 2024

The objectives of the study were two-fold: (1) To group mindsets related to COVID-19 vaccinations and examine their distribution by country. Then, based on this distribution, the study aimed to compare the number of vaccinations, deaths, and cases and analyze the relationship between these numbers and the mindset of the society. (2) To analyze people's tweets about the vaccine and compare them with the number of people vaccinated, in order to determine if there was a significant result. The study analyzed data from 17 countries among the top 20 countries with the highest gross national product in 2020. Machine learning methods such as multinomial logistic regression, random forest, naive Bayes, and ridge classification were used to evaluate the performance of predictive models. The accuracy achieved by these models were as follows: naive Bayes (76%), random forest (85.03%), ridge classification (85.72%), and multinomial logistic regression (86.67%). In conclusion, the study found that with increasing vaccination rates, positive interpretations of vaccines differed more than other moods. The study contributes to advancing awareness of the public's perception of COVID-19 vaccinations and supports the goal of eliminating coronavirus from the planet.
ASPETAR – Women’s Football (Summaries) (1st part of 2)
Authors:   Al Ettifaq Club, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Ribeiro Basil
Published: January 2024

Summaries of: 1. “From our guest editors” 2. “Pushing for a change in women’s soccer” 3. “Interview with Jill Ellis” 4. “Lifelong female football player health and the importance of the athlete voice” 5. “Cardiovascular adaptations and cardiac risks in female football players” 6. “Team physician in elite female football”
2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease (resumos)
Authors:   al Ettifaq Club, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Ribeiro Basil
Published: January 2024

Summaries of: 1. Exercise and sports in ageing 2. Exercise recommendations in individuals with valvular heart disease (válvula aórtica bicúspide) 3. Exercise recommendations in individuals with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis (ventrículo esquerdo não compactado)
A Tendinopatia dos Músculos Glúteos Médios e Mínimo
Authors:   Serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca. Amadora., Pires Patrícia , Pato Marco ,   Serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca. Amadora., Beckert Pedro ,   Serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca. Amadora.
Published: January 2024

Pain around the greater trochanter is a frequent clinical problem that may be secondary to a variety of either intra-articular or periarticular pathologies. Medium and minimum gluteal tendon pathologies are one of the primary causes of trochanteric pain, despite being still underrecognized. It is usual in athletes, especially runners. The diagnosis requires a high suspicion degree, as well as an adequate anamnesis, objective examination, and complementary investigation. Tendinopathy as a clinical syndrome and tendon disfunction, is often a chronical condition and an enigma. Treatment is a challenge, since there isn´t a consensus founded on available evidence.
Basra Center for Hereditary Pediatric Blood Diseases, Patient Characteristics and Attitudes
Authors: Alhijaj Basim A. A. , Tayeh Farah H. , Almatooq Hasnaa Atwan
Published: January 2024

Background thalassemia and sickle cell diseases are highly prevent in our locality and in Basrah governorate, Basrah center for pediatric hereditary blood disease is one of biggest center in Iraq with large cohort of heterogenous patient groups registered, services, patient demography and attitudes all were preliminary expressed in this study in a descriptive way Method cross sectional descriptive study expressed general data and data from direct inquiry of selected sample regarding their QOL, satisfaction and complications Results Basrah center involve patient most of them are of SCD and thalassemia, sample selected showed that family breakage or social breakage was not evident in (79.5%).a general QOL scoring most of the studied sample specified fair score in (63.4%), ( 82.20%) were generally satisfied regarding their general health, 95.50% were showed collective fair and satisfied score in regard of acceptance of their general appearance, (27.7%) did agreed that physical pain is effecting their life,(24.1%) were dissatisfied regarding general health system while 58% showed collective of fair and satisfied score,(63.4%),(61.6 %) were satisfied regarding medical staff management were 34.8% showed dissatisfaction, accessibility to medical service was dissatisfied in (42.9 %) most of this response (79.7%) was from rural living candidates. This research conclusion Patient attitude regarding their life, disease impact and medical service are general good and recommend more interest is to be paid for the patient qualified medical services and social support and showed a limitation of being non comparative, descriptive approach need to be corresponded later with a more analytic data.