bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Experimental Design of Modular Robot Platform
Authors: Yu Feng Men , Fei Wang
Published: April 2020

In the current process of innovation education and practical teaching in universities, robot teaching and innovation experiments are important research topics. And with the continuous development and improvement of artificial intelligence, in the current process of innovative research on robots, more attention has been paid to the design of robotic automation and intelligent systems. It has significant meaning to the design and analysis of robot motion control and the improvement of robot research. The introduction of the modular robot platform into the teaching and research process can improve students ‘ability to independently design and develop robots, and it also can expand students’ knowledge of robot-related knowledge. In addition, the use of modular robot platforms can introduce task schemes as teaching cases and carry out hierarchical teaching modes, which is of great help in guiding students to carry out robot innovation research. When using the modular robot platform to carry out innovative research and design, it is necessary to pay attention to constructing an innovation experiment group. In this research, the writing robot developed by students is used as an object to design and study an automated system for robots to control writing brushes. The use of this experimental innovative design method can greatly enhance students’ enthusiasm for innovation, stimulate students’ interest in robots, and is of great help in cultivating students’ creative thinking and ability.
MSTP Protocol Simulation Experiment Based on ENSP
Authors: Chen Juan , Zheng Xueqiang , Zhang Lei , Peng Laixian , Liu Xi
Published: April 2020

Spanning tree protocol is one of the most important protocols for two-layer network devices. It can effectively avoid the broadcasting storm under the condition of multi-switch interconnection, but its working process is It is difficult for students to understand its core principles in the teaching process. This paper takes MSTP as an example, which is the most difficult to understand in spanning tree. Based on a simple case, we use eNSP network simulation software to build the experimental framework, give the configuration process and analysis the captured packets. Through this experiment, students can understand the function of the multi-spanning tree protocol more intuitively, and realize the network traffic load balancing through configuration.
Fault Attack of SMS4 Based on Internal Collisions
Authors: Zhu Renjie , Ou Qingyu , Luo Fang
Published: April 2020

A fault attack of SMS4 based on internal collision is proposed. The method assumes that the attacker can attack under the condition of selecting plaintext, and adopts the byte-oriented random fault model to successfully recover the original key by injecting the fault in the first few rounds of the encryption algorithm of the SMS4. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the 60 fault injections can successfully recover the original key of the SMS4, with a probability of over 99%. If the attacker can control the location of fault injection, then only 16 fault injections are needed to successfully recover the original key of the SMS4. In general, 30 to 40 fault injections can successfully restore the original key.
Design of the Tree Growth Array Ultra Wideband Antenna
Authors: Li Zhenchang , Lin Bin , Pan Yilang , Chen Linpeng , Tang Di , Yan Yipeng
Published: April 2020

According to the performance requirements of the antenna for multi-network wireless communication terminal equipment, the present paper originally combines the structure of inductive multi-line antenna with the tree growth array, designs a tree growth array ultra-wideband antenna, and we also complete the production and the test of antenna samples. The measured results show that the antenna has stable ultra-wideband performance and can work in mobile communication systems, radio frequency identification systems, ultra-wideband communication systems and mobile digital TV systems at the same time. It has excellent compatibility and it is also a performance microwave frequency band multi-network and one terminal device antenna.
Design of the Ladder Multi-slot Fractal Split Growth Array Antenna
Authors: Pan Yilng , Lin Bin , Li Zhenchang , Chen Linpeng , Tang Di , Yan Yipeng
Published: April 2020

According to the performance requirements of the ultra-wideband multi-band compatible antennas for microwave band multi-network integration systems, the present paper originally combines the structure of ladder multi-slot, “Embedded” slot fractal iteration and the split growth array, designs a ladder multi-slot fractal split growth array antenna. The result of test indicates that this antenna can completely cover all working frequency bands of the mobile communication system, the frequency bands of the radio frequency identification system, the frequency band of the ultra-wideband system and the frequency band of the mobile digital TV system. With the advantages of small size, high radiation intensity and stable radiation characteristics, it can be applied to large-scale applications in the multi-network system of microwave frequency band.
Technical research of real-time simulation system interface expansion of airborne utility system management
Authors: Liang Zhe , Zhao Jun , Sheng Wang Jian , Wei Han Jia
Published: April 2020

The hardware in the loop is a necessary link during the development of the complex system based on V&V processes. The airborne utility system is featured by numerous types of interfaces, large quantities, and complicated interconnection. During the hardware in the loop test, it is impossible to effectively carry out a large numbers of synchronous simulation, due to the restriction of the simulation equipment resource. This paper proposes an FPGA-based interface expansion technology, and the core idea is to reuse and recombine the signals. The specific steps are as follows: implement the signal reuse algorithm by the FPGA in the interface module, complete the restoration of the recombined signals according to the synchronization signal and the address signal of the system and transmit the control interface command to the device under test. The simulation results show that the real-time simulation system interface expansion technology proposed in this paper can realize the synchronous simulation function of large-scale signal with a small number of simulation channels, and effectively increase the number of interfaces in the real-time simulation system.
Intelligent Diagnosis of Acquisition Equipment Failure Promote “Multi-integration” Application
Authors: Wu Qiutong , Kang Liyan , Cao Bing , Shang Ying , Zhang Muxin , Liu Xinran , Zhou Haishan , Liu Wenyu
Published: April 2020

The information collection system of State Grid Corporation has accessed a large number of smart energy meter, water meter, gas meter and heat meter data, implemented the “multi-integration” collection and construction to improve the public service level of the society, and actively respond to the call for government smart city construction. However, many operating equipment and complex operating environments often generate various equipment failure problems. It is difficult to identify faults and has low efficiency in troubleshooting. The intelligent diagnosis of the collection equipment fault is based on various information such as operation and maintenance, environment, fault analysis and acquisition. It uses big data analysis and artificial intelligence technology to conduct Intelligent Diagnosis Model of Acquisition Fault research, so as to solve the accurate judgment of the failure of the collection device, qualitative analysis of equipment fault and on-site, workflow troubleshooting guidance issues. Using the intelligent diagnosis of faults to solve the problem of “multi-integration” collection and maintenance, it can effectively improve the efficiency of fault handling, better promote the application of “multi-integration” and promote the construction of smart cities.
Fluid-solid Coupling Analysis of the Pressure Expansion of Packers
Authors: Wang Lanwen , Ge Junxu , Sheng Xuanyu
Published: April 2020

For the packers, the pressure expansion process and differential pressure loading process have been simulated by the fluid-solid coupling finite element method. The results show that under the internal pressure load of 10MPa at both ends of the hydraulic oil, the structure of the packer can be fully expanded, and the simulated expansion process is consistent with the actual expansion process of the packer in the test. During the internal pressure loading phase of the hydraulic oil, the internal pressure gradually increases, and the pressure near the ends of the hydraulic oil increases faster. During the pressure difference loading phase of the packer, the internal pressure of the hydraulic oil gradually increases, and the growth curves of different nodes are basically the same. The internal pressure speed and viscosity of the hydraulic oil have a great influence on the internal pressure transmission of the hydraulic oil. After the packer is expanded, the stress at the bell mouth where the rubber tube is in contact with the rubber tube joint is large. When actually designing the packer, this location should consider stress concentration or use a stronger material.
The Failure Evaluation and Reliability Life Prediction Technique of Complex Artillery Equipment
Authors: Wu Dalin , He Jian , Yang Yuliang , Li Yue , Dong Lei
Published: April 2020

To accurately predict and master the actual combat capacity of the weapon system, the paper took a self-propelled artillery as the research subject and built the completely artillery system virtual prototype based on the dynamic theory. Extracted the dynamic characteristics of firepower system, running system and drive system, the performance variation and failure mechanism of the artillery system were studied by using the method of theoretical analysis, simulation and physical experiment. The paper built the fault evaluation and life prediction model in the process of shooting and drivingby combining data fusion, deep learning, etc. The performance evaluation and the prediction of fault of the full artillery system were realized. It can provide references for the life evaluation and prediction of complex equipment system.
Review of Key Technical Principles of Multi-stage Segmented Fracturing Sleeve
Authors: Ma Huiyun , Yu Chenggang , Shuai Chungang , Fu Yukun , Sun Hanwen , Dong Liangliang , Zhu Xiaohua
Published: April 2020

Oil and gas development at home and abroad face the problem of low natural productivity of low permeability reservoirs. As it can effectively improve the recovery rate and reserve utilization rate of low permeability reservoirs, the multi-stage segmented fracturing technology today is one of the important means for the development of unconventional reservoirs. The fracturing sleeve is the core tool of multi-stage segmented technology. Major foreign companies have launched target-specific research and achieved many advanced results. In spite of a latecomer in this field, some domestic experts and scholars have proposed some characteristic techniques and tools. The author of this paper is poised to analyze the key technical principle of domestic and foreign fracturing sleeve and discuss the advantages and applicability of various relevant tools and processes with the purpose of laying a foundation for the development of fracturing sleeves in China.
Research on Burr Formation of Aluminum Alloy Frame of Mobile phone by Milling
Authors: Shi Guocheng , Deng Wenjun , Zhou Zihan , Pang Xueqin
Published: April 2020

The characteristics and mechanism of burr formation in the milling of aluminum alloy mobile phone frame and the influence of cutting conditions on burr formation were studied. The 3D model of milling is established by DEFORM, and the mechanism of burr formation is analyzed. A three-edge end mill with a diameter of 6 mm was used to mill the aluminum alloy 6061 mobile phone frame, and the influence of cutting conditions on burr formation was analyzed. The results show that the burr size decreases with the increase of cutting speed, the decrease of feed speed and the decrease of cutting width. The burr formation is more stable and smaller in the down milling than in the up milling.
Second-order Volterra Filter based on DFP Technique
Authors: Bai Shulin , Xu Jiadong , Zhang Yumei
Published: April 2020

There have some problems caused by selection of improper parameters when LMS, NLMS or RLS algorithms are used to evaluate coefficients of a second-order Volterra filter. We propose a Davidon-Fletcher-Powell-based second-order Volterra filter (DFP-SOVF). The proposed filter is based on a posteriori error assumption and has a variable convergence factor. We give the recursive inverse auto-correlation matrix formulation and present computational complexity analysis. Then applying the proposed DFP-SOVF filter to single step predictions for pure Lorenz chaotic series, prediction results show that the DFP-SOVF filter can guarantee its convergence and stability and there have not divergence problems when using LMS and NLMS algorithms.
Analysis on Design Scheme of Autonomous Ship Cooperative Control
Authors: Jing Mei , Zheng Weigang
Published: April 2020

During this stage, the technology of autonomous ships is becoming more and more mature, which has been widely used in military or civil fields, especially in the field of marine survey. With the gradual maturity of independent ship technology, the advantages of independent ship such as voyage, manufacturing cost and independent control are increasingly prominent.In spite of the rapid development of related technologies of autonomous ships, autonomous ships alone are still unable to compare with autonomous ship formation. Autonomous formation cooperative work can not only effectively improve the phase ratio of operations, but also greatly improve the fault tolerance and maritime adaptability of operations. Therefore, there is only one main ship out to sea in production practice, most of which are several independent ships to achieve specific goals in cooperation [1]. In order to effectively improve the cooperative control of autonomous ship formation under the interference of harsh environment, such as air volume at sea, a design scheme of cooperative control for autonomous ship formation is proposed in this study. The results show that the design scheme can effectively improve the cooperative control ability of formation.
Design of Attitude Loop Controller for Six-Rotor UAV Based on L1 Adaptive Method
Authors: Zhou Wen , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Bo , Liu Jia , Chang Yipeng
Published: April 2020

As for the non-modeling dynamics of the six-rotor UAV during the modeling process, and the presence of uncertain external interferences such as crosswinds during flight, the L1 adaptive control method is used to design the attitude controller of the six-rotor UAV. The force analysis of the six-rotor UAV is performed first to establish a nonlinear dynamic model, and then the nonlinear factors and coupling terms of the model are considered as time-varying parameters and disturbances. The low-pass filter is introduced based on the traditional model reference adaptive algorithm, and the L1 adaptive attitude controller is designed to effectively suppress the high-frequency interference caused by mechanical vibrations of the aircraft. Finally, simulation results show that the algorithm has good dynamic performance and robustness while ensuring system stability.
Transient Flight Controller of Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAV based on Multimode Integrated Design
Authors: Wu Bin , Song Xiaodong , Liu Zhenchang
Published: April 2020

the controller is designed for the vertical take-off and landing mode, the transient flight mode and the fixed wing flight mode, respectively; a control signal fusion method is introduced in the transition flight control mode, which realizes the smooth switching of aerial vehicle in different flight modes; aiming at the problem of the control plane redundancy, the method of advancing amplitude of redundant control quantity is adopted to simplify the control distribution process. It is verified that the control method of Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAV can track the flight path well via six degrees of freedom simulation of the aerial vehicle.
A Novel Design of Mach-Zehnder Modulator Bias Controller Based on Pilot Tone Method
Authors: Jin Yucheng , Shi Xiang , Zang Chunhua , Chen Zilong
Published: April 2020

The Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator is a widely-used electro-optic modulator, but its operation point drifts with time and temperature, making the modulation performance worse. Therefore, a bias controller is needed to suppress drift. MZ modulator bias control method based on pilot analysis has good robustness and thus has many practical applications. However, many of the circuit designs based on the pilot method of the MZ modulator bias controller (MBC) are complicated, and the flexibility of the pilot generation is not satisfying. In response to these shortcomings, the paper introduces a new MZ modulator bias controller design. The bias controller uses the internal timer and DAC resources of the MCU to form a DDS generator instead of the traditional external oscillator, which makes the generation of the pilot frequency more flexible, and the signal conditioning circuit is improved. Test results show that the proposed MZ bias controller can achieve an extinction ratio of more than 30dB, and can finish the lock process at the Quad point within 20 seconds.
Simulation and experimental study of mechanicalproperties of a compound water propulsion device
Authors: Dai Zhiguang , Lv Jiangang , Zhang Yu , Liu JinHua , Zhang Zhongzhi
Published: April 2020

The traditional amphibious platform mostly adopts the displacement type boat shape vehicle body, equips the propulsion of two sets of water and land, which has the problems of the complex structure and low speed. Based on the bionic dynamical principle, this paper designed a wheel-blade hybrid propulsion amphibious platform to explore a new structure of amphibious platform with three functions: underwater diving, surface navigation and land driving. Some softwares were used to establish the numerical calculation model of wheel-blade compound propulsion mechanism, and the influence of different parameters on the driving performance was analyzed. The mathematical model of propulsion mechanism based on beam model is established and the impeller strength is checked.
Measurement and Construction of Road Surface Elevation Information based on Kriging model
Authors: Zhu Changjian , Bi Qiushi , Li Wen , Yang Ruipeng , Li Bo
Published: April 2020

In order to study the road digital elevation information of the front road surface, a method in this paper is proposed to measure the road surface model based on kriging model. Firstly, laser lidar is used to obtain the point cloud information of the road ahead of the vehicle. Secondly, extracting the road surface elevation information ahead of the vehicle and combining the point cloud information with the real-time position of the vehicle. Finally, the elevation information of the road surface was simulated by the Kriging agent model. The Kriging model was verified by experiments.
Cyclostationary-based BSS method for time-frequency overlapped BPSK signals in electromagnetic surveillance
Authors: Pang Lihui , Deng Xianrong , Pang Liling , Wang Xinlin
Published: April 2020

A cyclostationary-based blind signal separation (BSS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed separation algorithm is used for simultaneously received multiple spectrum overlapped BPSK signals in single channel electromagnetic surveillance system. The mixed signal is separated by means of blind adaptive frequency shift (BA-FRESH) filter based on the independent signals’ cyclostationary. This BA-FRESH filtering technique does not require training signals. It can separate the independent signals only by knowing some of their cycle frequencies, which is gained by the second order cycle cumulants in this work. Numerical simulation results proved the effectiveness of this separation method.
Research on Cell Layout of Injection Workshop Based on Improved SLP-G A
Authors: Zhao Man , Wei Xing
Published: April 2020

According to the background of multi-varieties and small-batch market demands, the layout of the injection workshop is reformed by cell layout. The mathematical model of the injection workshop cell layout is constructed to minimum logistics cost, and the model is solved by using MATLAB. By using the systematic layout planning (SLP), three groups of initial solutions are generated, which are used as part of the chromosomes in the initial population of the improved genetic algorithm (GA). In this way the subjectivity and complexity of the traditional SLP method are avoided, the global and local search capability of the algorithm is enhanced, and the optimal solution can be quickly searched. Finally, the cell layout of an injection workshop is completed through the algorithm.
Joint configuration and scheduling optimization of the dual trolley quay crane and AGV for automated container terminal
Authors: Yue Lijun , Fan Houming , Zhai Chunxin
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a method to optimize the configuration and scheduling of dual trolley quay crane and AGV so as to reduce the cost in automated container terminal. A two-phase model is constructed to minimize cost during handling operation considering the relevant constraints such as laytime allowable in the contract, AGV’s endurance time and buffer platform for quay crane and blocks, which will be solved by the proposed genetic algorithm. Yangshan Phase IV automated container terminal’s data was used to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed model. By the results of the experiments, it is found that the proposed method can reduce cost while ensuring that the completion time is not delayed.
Comparison and Selection of Reconstruction Schemes for Transfer Channels of Zhichun Road Station in Beijing Subway Based on Pedestrian Simulation
Authors: Sun Xili , Yu Shixiao , Wang Ziteng , Wang Aili , Zhao Yuan
Published: April 2020

As the most critical facility of the rail transit station, the transfer channel’s capacity and efficiency greatly affect the operational efficiency and safety of the transfer station. Due to the uncoordinated network planning and the inaccurate prediction of passenger flow, the current capacity of the transfer station at the peak of the transfer station is seriously insufficient. It is necessary to redesign and rebuild the transfer channel to meet the needs of passengers in the peak period. Taking the Zhichun Road Station of Beijing Subway as an example, this paper uses the Vissim pedestrian simulation software to establish different transfer channel reconstruction schemes due to the problems caused by insufficient capacity of the transfer channel. Based on the actual transfer and facility capabilities, comprehensive considerations are made from the transfer time, transfer distance and reconstruction costs to arrive at the best retrofit solution.

CLC number: U291.69
In vitro anthelmintic activity of kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura) infusion against to Haemonchus contortus worm
Authors: Sakti A A , Kustantinah  , Nurcahyo R W , Baliarti E , Suwignyo B
Published: April 2020

The problem caused by the gastrointestinal parasite has caused economic losses in the centres of ruminant livestock throughout the world. Parasitic resistance to synthetic antiparasitic, led researchers to explore alternative herbs as bio-anthelmintic. This study aims to determine the in vitro effect of M. calabura leaf infusion on egg hatchability (EHI) and mortality of adult female H. contortus worms (AWM), as a parameter of the antiparasitic properties of the leaves of the plant. The leaf infusion of M. calabura at doses of 2%, 4% and 6% was used for both treatments and albendazole at a dose of 2 mg/mL was used as a positive control. The negative control was sodium chloride at 0.9% (w/v). The EHI assay was conducted two times, before and 24 h after treatment, while AWM was monitored 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 h post test. The result showed that M. calabura leaves contain secondary metabolites, one of which was condensed tannins detected in this study. The leaf infusion of M. calabura at a concentration of 6% significantly inhibited EHI and AWM, higher than the negative control (P<0,05). While, it was not significantly different from albendazole 2 mg/ml on EHI test. The results conclude that the leaf infusion of M. calabura is fully potential as a bioanthelmintic against H. contortus worm.
The growth performance of sheep fed with different wafer feed supplement
Authors: Retnani Y , Barkah N N , Taryati
Published: April 2020

Providing wafer feed supplement using ingredients that are easily obtained is one effective way to add nutrients consumed by livestock. This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation of wafer feed supplement derived from lamtoro (Leucaena leucocecphala) leaves, bean sprouts, and morinda (Morinda citrifolia) leaves on sheep growth performance. The research used randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 groups that were differentiated based on the initial body weight. The treatment given consisted of T0: control feed, T1: control feed + 15% lamtoro leaves wafer, T2: control feed + 15% bean sprouts wafer, T3: control feed + 15% morinda leaves wafer. The sheep were fed forage:concentrate with a ratio of 40:60 for 2 months. The results showed that supplementation of wafer feed supplement significantly increased nutrient intake, daily body weight gain, and increased income over feed cost (IOFC). Supplementation of wafer containing lamtoro leaves provides the highest daily body weight gain and IOFC compared to other treatments. This showed that eventhough there are additional costs for making wafer feed supplement, but this is able to support livestock productivity, so that it can provide greater benefits for farmers.
Functional properties of ripe plantain (Musa
spp) flour from different varieties
Authors: Kumalasari R , Mayasti N K I , Surahman D N , Ekafitri R , Wahyuni A S , Desnilasari D
Published: April 2020

Ripe plantain has potentially become flour with good sensory and easy to digest. This study was carried out to determine the functional properties of five varieties of ripe plantains flour. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with a single factor, namely a variety of plantains consisting of five levels: V1 = Kapas (Musa corniculata); V2 = Tanduk (Musa corniculata J.De Leureiro); V3 = Siam (Musa paradisiaca var. Moralis M.); V4 = Kepok (Musa paradisiaca var. Bluggoe); V5 = Raja Bulu (Musa sapientum var. Paradisiaca Baker), and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The result showed that the yield and moisture content of plantain flour from the five varieties ranges from 5.88% - 16.19% and 6.71% - 9.51% and kapok flour has significantly different in moisture content and yield compare with other varieties. The water absorption capacity ranges from 2.87-3.03 g/g, was not significantly different among the treatments. The oil absorption capacity ranges from 2.13-2.30 (g/g) and OAC of ripe kapas was significantly different compared with ripe siam flour and ripe raja bulu flour. The swelling capacity ranges from 3.41-4.19 g/g and SC of ripe tanduk flour was significantly different from ripe kepok flour. The solubility ranges from 8.59-29.67% and solubility of ripe kapas, kepok, raja bulu flour was significantly different with ripe tanduk and siam flour. The peak time (6.84-7.00 minutes) and pasting temperature (94.88-95.03°C) were not significantly different among the treatment. The peak viscosity ranges from 169.00-653.00Cp and ripe kapas and raja buluh flour was significantly different from others, it was higher than others. The breakdown viscosity ranges from 22.00-178.00 Cp and ripe tanduk and raja buluh was significantly different from others, it was higher than others. The setback viscosity ranges from 45.00-545.67Cp and ripe kapas flour was significantly different among the treatments with the highest value. Based on the result could be concluded that different varieties could have different or the same functional properties. The used of ripe plantain flour for food production could be based on the functional properties of the flour.
Antidiabetic effect and glucose tolerance of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed ethanol extract on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats
Authors: Musdja M Y , Nurdin A , Musir A
Published: April 2020

Areca catechu fruit (Areca nut) is one component of betel chewing. There is an assumption that the antidiabetic effect of chewing betel is sourced from areca nut. This study aims to determine the anti-hyperglycemic effect and glucose tolerance of ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu) seed in diabetic rats. Old Areca nut fruit was obtained from a garden in the Depok region, the suburb of Jakarta. Areca nut seeds were made into a fine powder, then macerated by using 70% ethanol at room temperature based on the Harbone method. Male rats were eligible for the trial; after acclimatization, rats were made diabetic by using alloxan. The rats for this trial were divided into 6 groups. Each of groups consisted of 5 rats. Glibenclamide was used as a positive control for anti-diabetic, and acarbose was used for glucose tolerance test, as normal control was given distilled water, while negative control was used 1% CMC Na, namely a solution suspending agent for test preparation. Areca nut seed extract was given with 3 types of doses, namely low, medium and high doses, namely 22.5 mg; 45 mg and 180 mg per 200 gr body weight (BW) rats, respectively. For measure blood, sugar levels were used as a glucometer tool. The result of this study showed that on 14 days of given test preparation, the statistical results with ANOVA test and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that medium doses of areca nut seed extract had the same anti-diabetic effect and glucose tolerance with positive control and were significantly different to negative controls. (P≤0.05). While on the low and high dose was not significantly different from negative controls (P≥0.05). Conclusion of this study, areca nut seed was very potential for antidiabetic and glucose tolerance.
Preliminary study of cocoa powder’s polyphenol extraction by food grade solvent
Authors: Laila U , Nurhayati R , Khasanah Y , Herawati E R N , Wiyono T
Published: April 2020

Cocoa contains polyphenol substances, namely flavan-3-ols, i.e. catechin, epicatechin, and proanthocyanidin. Its polyphenol antioxidant activity is larger than that of other sources, like green tea, apple, etc. Polyphenol of cocoa can be extracted from cocoa powder which is defatted partially by mechanical pressing (mechanical defatting) before, so that there is little of cocoa fat which still presence in cocoa powder by approximately 11% (w/w). However, the fat has characteristic as interference of polyphenol extraction. Generally, the non-food grade non-polar solvent are used to take the fat before extracting polyphenol, i.e. hexane, petroleum ether, and etc. By the research, it was studied about directly extraction of partially defatted cocoa powder’s polyphenol by food grade solvent without defatting process previously. The chosen solvent comprised water, acidified water (citric buffer), 50% ethanol, and 80% ethanol. Besides it, the study was also focused on extraction temperature that varied in room temperature (22°C) and 50°C. The parameter evaluated in this study were total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity expressed as antiradical power (ARP). The results showed the directly extraction of polyphenol consists of steps, i.e. extraction, centrifugation, first filtering, chilling, and second filtering. The highest of total phenolic content (TPC) was obtained from extraction conducted by 50% ethanol at temperature of 50°C and the highest antiradical power was obtained from extraction conducted by 50% ethanol at temperature of 22°C.
Structure of urban bioecoagrocentres in context of universal design principles
Authors: Akhmedova E A , Myatezhin M D , Teryagova A N
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the strategy of the architectural and urban planning formation of bioecoagrocentres in the Middle Volga Region and city-farming as the forms of public employment in cities, commuter belt and countryside, justifies the system of Universal design that is innovative for the Russian Federation. The hypothesis about the actuality of senior age labour recourses’ engagement is made in the context of the population ageing problems, lack of qualified labour resources and general out migration from the countryside. It is proved that the planning of innovative, highly comfortable agrocentres environment (including the cities) may be necessary at all major target levels, i.e. urban planning, architectural, objective-spatial on the basis of the Universal design principles as a project tool. The gradual realization of environmental projects is planned. Correspondence with the principles of Universal design in this case is the element of environment accessibility quality control for all the categories of users including the mobility impaired ones.
“Mobility game”: interactive technology for urban planning education
Authors: Danilina N V , Harder R
Published: April 2020

Modern trends in the development of urban planning education dictate the need to implement new innovative technologies for comprehension of urban processes. The idea «from Smart Cities to Smart Territories» determines the current interest for the introduction of software systems that allow students creating and studying a smart urban environment. The article is devoted to the introduction of interactive technologies to improve the quality of the educational process in the field of urban planning. The relevance of the topic is due to modern trends in the digitalization of the urban environment. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and importance of interactive technologies in the formation of professional competencies of students in the planning and design of a smart city and its transport system. There is the analysis of possibilities of the software complex “Mobility game”. This interactive game allows creating a city and developing its transport infrastructure based on specific quantitative and qualitative parameters of development of the road network, the composition of the transport system and the mobility of the population. The software package takes into account modern trends in the development of smart urban transport, such as changes in the composition of the traffic flow, increasing the number of micro-cars and passenger transport, the rapid development of information technologies for travel support, and allows students visually exploring the interaction and mutual influence of various parameters in practical classes. The application spectrum of this software is broad. In addition to communicating essential relationships between urban development issues and the necessary transport infrastructure in education contexts, local planning situations can also be modelled using defined scenarios. The implementation of interactive technologies is a proven scientific and practice-oriented tool for this purpose.
Historical environment experience as a megapolis regeneration strategy
Authors: Malakhov S A , Repina E A
Published: April 2020

In the article the concept of interrelation of historical architectural heritage of Samara with territories of the former areas of industrial building is considered; key aspect of this interrelation in the idea of transfer of positive qualities of the traditional city in mass building of an industrial era, as well as on absolutely new vacant territories moves forward. The reason of the similar initiative developed by staff of Institute of the City Samara for the non-profit expert organization including architects, town-planners and city activists consists in the revealed advantages of the historical environment (HE) in relation to modern mass construction. Presence of these advantages only at one small part of the city does not resolve the main problem – sustainable development of all megalopolis in general. The research of historical quarters allowed formulating the basic principles testifying to universal characteristics of the post-industrial environment providing a city way of life and successful city economy. The transfer task of “lessons of the historical environment” is not resolved out of a number of important changes in the town-planning strategy and professional beliefs of architects and without a certain correction of town-planning norms. The Institute of the City Samara together with the Dutch architects develops an initiative of updating the unique typology “the Samara yard!”, the integration accumulating the HE key positive codes and allowing to build the concept and interpretations of these codes in gradually degrading space of residential districts for the purpose of their full regeneration in the future in borders of all city as a uniform system.
Development of personnel as a factor in increasing production efficiency in construction
Authors: Okunkova E A , Ershova I G , Yakimova E Yu , Karakulin A Yu
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns of the formation, use and development of human resources at a large construction enterprise, as well as the analysis of the main economic indicators based on the use of statistical information. In order to achieve this goal the following tasks were solved: theoretical approaches to the term “staff development” were studied; the methods of personnel development, applied to construction plant; the technical and economic indicators of the activity of building enterprise on the basis of statistical information were revealed. The methodological framework is based on the methods of studying systems analysis, comparisons and analogies, economic-mathematical modeling. As a result of the study it is found that the increase of the completed construction directly depends on the quality of personnel, on its development and improvement. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the fact that the position of Russia in the construction world is quite significant. Due to the large-scale construction, Russia is able to ensure a high level of development of its own economy. To do this, it is necessary to increase investment in the development of human resources.
Perspective directions of development of waste processing enterprises in Khabarovsk
Authors: Sadredinov S A , Bazilevich M E
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of the development of the waste processing industry and the prospects for the construction of enterprises for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the city of Khabarovsk. A brief overview of current trends in the collection, disposal and recycling of solid waste, which in recent decades have become widespread both in central Russia and abroad, is given. The circle of existing problems in the field of solid waste management in Khabarovsk and its environs is outlined. Based on the data of the urban development analysis, specific recommendations on the development of the waste processing industry in Khabarovsk are offered. The possibility of building a network of enterprises of several types and generations for the disposal of solid waste in the city and its environs is being considered, which will solve the existing environmental, economic and social problems.
Cultural and historical potential of the urban environment (regional aspect)
Authors: Subbotin O S
Published: April 2020

The concept of ‘urban environment’ is considered in the context of cultural and historical potential of a city. There were shown architectural and planning, urban planning, environmental and other factors that determine the comfort of urban environment. Due attention is paid to its cultural and historical potential, preservation and reconstruction of architectural monuments. It is noted that the development of urban environment is largely due to its cultural and historical potential. The analysis of main elements of a city that made up the structure of urban environment is carried out. It is shown that only complex approaches to the formation of harmonious urban environment can create the best conditions for human life. Special attention is paid to the preservation and recreation of historical and cultural heritage.
New types of urban formations modeling in the framework of educational design
Authors: Dyadchenko S F , Tarasova L G
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to new approaches to the urban areas design for Russia, focused on achieving modern criteria for the quality of the urban environment. It is highlighted that in spite of the attempts made in recent years in introducing new urban development standards in urban planning legislation aimed at increasing the density of development and multifunctional use of territories, the diversity of living environment types, the actual practice of constructing new areas differs little from what was developed in Russia 30 years ago. Therefore, it is very important to bare an adequate understanding of the processes and methods of forming a full-fledged urban environment in the city in architect students’ minds. The article discusses the concept of organizing a multifunctional district of the city of Saratov, developed as part of the graduate design by a group of students. The projected area acts as a self-sufficient urban unit, in the process of modeling of which criteria were developed and methods for creating a multifunctional urban environment meeting modern quality criteria were worked out.
Specific features of diaphragm wall construction
Authors: Mironov D A , Osokin A I , Loseva E S , Kuzhelev A I
Published: April 2020

The paper observes various technologies of diaphragm wall implementation as a shoring system in excavation pits. Protection of the adjacent existing buildings and structures and maximal removal of the impact to the existing city building system during construction process are considered as the key positive factor of the diaphragm wall technology. The consideration is made basing on the completed projects within dense existing building system of Saint-Petersburg where each free land plot is valuable and shall be used with the maximum benefit.
Spatial organization of modern university campuses environment
Authors: Popov A V , Timina A I , Yanova R Iu
Published: April 2020

The study reviews the regularities of the spatial organization of university campuses environment considering the functional needs of students, the spatial connections between functional areas, buildings and structures of the campus. Also a historical analysis of the development of complexes of higher education institutions in Russia is carried out. Thus, the general tendencies of creating the environment of university complexes have been reviewed. The concept and principles of the spatial organization of the environment of modern university campuses has been proposed. A conceptual architectural and spatial model is proposed taking into account the functional needs of residents.
Directions of transformation and development of border towns of the Leningrad region in modern conditions (through the examples of Ivangorod and Svetogorsk)
Authors: Vaytens A G , Yankovskaya Y S
Published: April 2020

Numerous problems of cross-border cooperation in the North Western Russia, in particular in the Leningrad region, are not defined only by features of interstate relations, but also by the problems of development of the border settlements. Cities with border points crossing creates the first impressions of the foreign visitors about Russia and therefore the search for the ways of their transformation and development is actual. In the Leningrad Region there are two border towns - Ivangorod (border with Estonia) and Svetogorsk (they border with Finland). Despite the differences in the border location of these towns relative to state borders, the problems of them are very similar. At present, both Ivangorod and Svetogorsk are not in the best position, and for these border towns most of the problems of small towns of Russia are characteristic. This is a range of territorial, transport, functional planning, economic and recreational problems.
Typology of depressive communal areas in a Russian town
Authors: Voroncova O N , Ajukasova L K , Lekareva N A
Published: April 2020

The typology of communal areas in a Russian town is presented in the article. The typology is characterized by location in town functional zones, by area localization, by hierarchy according to size and type of depression. Communal areas located in different functional areas of the city are divided into: communal areas in the residential zones; communal areas in public and business zones; communal areas in industrial zones; communal areas in engineering systems zones; communal areas in traffic-road net zones; “green” communal areas; communal areas in special use zones. By localization relative to the city center the communal areas can be: in the historical core of the city; in the administrative center of the city; in the middle part of the city; in the peripheral part of the city. According to the communal areas hierarchy, it can be considered at three urban levels (similar to economic theory): macro level; meso level; micro level. According to the types of communal areas depressiveness the territories can be divided into: economically depressed territories; socially depressed territories; architecturally depressed territories; territories with landscape depression; visually depressed territories; eneologically depressed territories. The above mentioned typology of communal areas based on the degree of their depression, will help the design and reconstruction process of a healthy urban environment in the cities of the future of Russia.
Cities of the future: a building typology with optimal daylighting
Authors: Zakirullin R S , Odenbakh I A
Published: April 2020

A novel building typology consisting in the use of optical filters in smart windows to achieve comfortable conditions of natural lighting and insolation indoors is presented. Thin-film chromogenic parallel strips on two surfaces of pane(s) of the window form two gratings providing the angular-selective light transmission. The design and principle of operation of the smart window and methods for calculating filter parameters are briefly described. The principles of using smart windows with optical filters are demonstrated on an example of a complex of three buildings.
Estates of the highest nobility of the St. Petersburg province as a special spatial structure of the historical St. Petersburg agglomeration
Authors: Sementsov S V , Kozyreva E A , Shuvaeva E Yu
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the investigation of the placement of the largest, representative and prestigious country estates-“estates of the highest nobility” - on the territory of the historical St. Petersburg province and adjacent provinces before 1917. It consistently formed a single spatial network around St. Petersburg - the capital of the Russian state, the special system, which consisted of at least 271 estates. All these representative estates received the special functional and spatial landscape characteristics that significantly distinguish them from the “ordinary” estates of the nobility.