bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating the creation of customized, language-Specific IDEs in Eclipse
Authors: Charles Philippe , Fuhrer Robert M. , Sutton Stanley M. , Duesterwald Evelyn , Vinju Jurgen
Published: October 2009

Full-featured integrated development environments have become critical to the adoption of new programming languages. Key to the success of these IDEs is the provision of services tailored to the languages. However, modern IDEs are large and complex, and the cost of constructing one from scratch can be prohibitive. Generators that work from language specifications reduce costs but produce environments that do not fully reflect distinctive language characteristics.

We believe that there is a practical middle ground between these extremes that can be effectively addressed by an open, semi-automated strategy to IDE development. This strategy is to reduce the burden of IDE development as much as possible, especially for internal IDE details, while opening opportunities for significant customizations to IDE services. To reduce the effort needed for customization we provide a combination of frameworks, templates, and generators. We demonstrate an extensible IDE architecture that embodies this strategy, and we show that this architecture can be used to produce customized IDEs, with a moderate amount of effort, for a variety of interesting languages.
Debug all your code
Authors: Lee Byeongcheol , Hirzel Martin , Grimm Robert , McKinley Kathryn S.
Published: October 2009

Programmers build large-scale systems with multiple languages to reuse legacy code and leverage languages best suited to their problems. For instance, the same program may use Java for ease-of-programming and C to interface with the operating system. These programs pose significant debugging challenges, because programmers need to understand and control code across languages, which may execute in different environments. Unfortunately, traditional multilingual debuggers require a
single
execution environment.

This paper presents a novel
composition
approach to building portable mixed-environment debuggers, in which an intermediate agent interposes on language transitions, controlling and reusing single-environment debuggers. We implement debugger composition in
Blink
, a debugger for Java, C, and the Jeannie programming language. We show that Blink is (1) relatively simple: it requires modest amounts of new code; (2) portable: it supports multiple Java Virtual Machines, C compilers, operating systems, and component debuggers; and (3) powerful: composition eases debugging, while supporting new mixed-language expression evaluation and Java Native Interface (JNI) bug diagnostics. In real-world case studies, we show that language-interface errors require single-environment debuggers to restart execution multiple times, whereas Blink directly diagnoses them with one execution. We also describe extensions for other mixed-environments to show debugger composition will generalize.
Enhancing source-level programming tools with an awareness of transparent program transformations
Authors: Song Myoungkyu , Tilevich Eli
Published: October 2009

Programs written in managed languages are compiled to a platform-independent intermediate representation, such as Java bytecode. The relative high level of Java bytecode has engendered a widespread practice of changing the bytecode directly, without modifying the maintained version of the source code. This practice, called
bytecode engineering
or
enhancement
, has become indispensable in introducing various concerns, including persistence, distribution, and security, transparently. For example, transparent persistence architectures help avoid the entanglement of business and persistence logic in the source code by changing the bytecode directly to synchronize objects with stable storage. With functionality added directly at the bytecode level, the source code reflects only partial semantics of the program. Specifically, the programmer can neither ascertain the program's runtime behavior by browsing its source code, nor map the runtime behavior back to the original source code.

This paper presents an approach that improves the utility of source-level programming tools by providing enhancement specifications written in a domain-specific language. By interpreting the specifications, a source-level programming tool can gain an awareness of the bytecode enhancements and improve its precision and usability. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by making a source code editor and a symbolic debugger enhancements-aware.
Allocation wall
Authors: Zhao Yi , Shi Jin , Zheng Kai , Wang Haichuan , Lin Haibo , Shao Ling
Published: October 2009

Multi-core processors are widely used in computer systems. As the performance of microprocessors greatly exceeds that of memory, the memory wall becomes a limiting factor. It is important to understand how the large disparity of speed between processor and memory influences the performance and scalability of Java applications on emerging multi-core platforms.

In this paper, we studied two popular Java benchmarks, SPECjbb2005 and SPECjvm2008, on multi-core platforms including Intel Clovertown and AMD Phenom. We focus on the "partially scalable" benchmark programs. With smaller number of CPU cores these programs scale perfectly, but when more cores and software threads are used, the slope of the scalability curve degrades dramatically.

We identified a strong correlation between scalability, object allocation rate and memory bus write traffic in our experiments with our partially scalable programs. We find that these applications allocate large amounts of memory and consume almost all the memory write bandwidth in our hardware platforms. Because the write bandwidth is so limited, we propose the following hypothesis: the scalability and performance is limited by the object allocation on emerging multi-core platforms for those objects-allocation intensive Java applications, as if these applications are running into an "allocation wall".

In order to verify this hypothesis, several experiments are performed, including measuring key architecture level metrics, composing a micro-benchmark program, and studying the effect of modifying some of the "partially scalable" programs. All the experiments strongly suggest the existence of the allocation wall.
Minimizing dependencies within generic classes for faster and smaller programs
Authors: Tsafrir Dan , Wisniewski Robert W. , Bacon David F. , Stroustrup Bjarne
Published: October 2009

Generic classes can be used to improve performance by allowing compile-time polymorphism. But the applicability of compile-time polymorphism is narrower than that of runtime polymorphism, and it might bloat the object code. We advocate a programming principle whereby a generic class should be implemented in a way that minimizes the dependencies between its members (nested types, methods) and its generic type parameters. Conforming to this principle (1) reduces the bloat and (2) gives rise to a previously unconceived manner of using the language that expands the applicability of compile-time polymorphism to a wider range of problems. Our contribution is thus a programming technique that generates faster and smaller programs. We apply our ideas to GCC's STL containers and iterators, and we demonstrate notable speedups and reduction in object code size (real application runs 1.2x to 2.1x faster and STL code is 1x to 25x smaller). We conclude that standard generic APIs (like STL) should be amended to reflect the proposed principle in the interest of efficiency and compactness. Such modifications will not break old code, simply increase flexibility. Our findings apply to languages like C++, C#, and D, which realize generic programming through multiple instantiations.
Writing code for other people
Authors: Mullen Thomas
Published: October 2009

This paper demonstrates how the cognitive model of the mind can explain the core fundamentals behind widely accepted design principles. The conclusion is that software design is largely a task of chunking analogies and presents a theory that is detailed enough to be accessible to even the most inexperienced programmer. The corollary of which is a pedagogical approach to understanding design principles rather than the necessity of years of software development experience.
Regrowing a language
Authors: Overbey Jeffrey L. , Johnson Ralph E.
Published: October 2009

Successful programming languages change as they age. They tend to become more complex, and eventually some features become outdated or are rarely used. Programming tools for these languages become more complex as well, since they have to support archaic features. Old programs are hard to maintain, since these archaic features are unfamiliar to modern programmers. These problems can be solved by refactoring tools that can transform programs to use the modern form. We show that refactoring tools can ease the cost of program evolution by examining the evolution of two languages, Fortran and Java, and showing that each change corresponds to an automatable refactoring.
π
Authors: Knöll Roman , Mezini Mira
Published: October 2009

Current programming languages and techniques realize many features which allow their users to extend these languages on a semantic basis: classes, functions, interfaces, aspects and other entities can be defined. However, there is a lack of modern programming languages which are both semantically and syntactically extensible from within the language itself, i.e., with no additional tool or meta-language. In this paper we present π as an approach that aims to overcome this lack. π provides an abstraction mechanism based on parameterized symbols which is capable of semantically and syntactically unifying programming concepts like variables, control-structures, procedures and functions into one concept: the pattern. We have evaluated the abstraction potential and the syntactic extensibility of π by successfully creating patterns for the aforementioned programming concepts. π could serve as a tool for designing new experimental languages and might generally influence the view we have on current programming concepts.
An exploration of program as language
Authors: Baniassad Elisa , Myers Clayton
Published: October 2009

In this paper we explore the idea that the code that constitutes a program actually forms a higher-level, program specific language. The symbols of the language are the abstractions of the program, and the grammar of the language is the set of (generally unwritten) rules about the allowable combinations of those abstractions. As such, a program is both a language definition, and the only use of that language. This specificity means that reading a never-before encountered program involves learning a new natural language, and that porting code from one program to another requires translation from one natural language into another. We suggest that the complexity and depth of the program language is affected by the gap between the program semantics (what the program is meant to do) and the code semantics (the way in which the machine runs). We believe that in seeing that programs are languages, we gain new insight into our own experience as programmers, and are able to gain new perspective on the intense complexity of code and its creation.
Association of Codon 10 Polymorphism of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Gene with Prostate Cancer and Hyperplasia in an Iranian Population
Authors: Omrani Mir Davood , Taghipour-Bazargani Soroush , Salari-Lak Shaker , Bagheri Morteza
Published: October 2009

Introduction: Genetic polymorphisms in codons 10 of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene TGFB1 have been shown to be associated with the production of high or low TGF-β1 levels. The role of this polymorphism in the development of prostate cancer and hyperplasia was investigated. Subjects and Methods: Using the allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction method, the association between the polymorphism at codon 10 of the TGFB1 gene and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) was determined. Results: Significant differences in the CC versus TT genotype distribution between PCa patients and male controls (p = 0.009), and between BPH patients and male controls (p = 0.005) were noted. Males with the TT genotype had a 1.67-fold increased risk of PCa and those with the TC/TT genotype had a 1.14-fold increased risk of PCa; males with the TT genotype had a 1.54-fold increased risk of BPH and those a with the TT/TC genotype had a 1.06-fold increased risk of BPH compared with those with the CC genotype. Conclusions: Based on our findings, it was possible to conclude that the codon 10 polymorphism in TGFB1 may have a significant influence on the development of PCa and BPH and that the T allele of the TGFB1 gene has a dominant effect on the development of PCa and BPH.
A New Technique for Inducing and Releasing Obstructive Jaundice in Rats
Authors: Oruç M.T. , Özmen M.M. , Han U.
Published: October 2009

Aim: It was the aim of this study to develop a simple, effective and reversible model of obstructive jaundice in rats. Material and Method: Totally, 24 rats were divided into 3 groups: the sham group including sham-operated control rats who underwent laparotomy only (n = 8), the common bile duct standard ligation technique (CBD-SL) group including rats with CBD ligation using silk (n = 8), and the CBD new ligation technique (CBD-NL) group consisting of rats with CBD ligation by a new technique (n = 8). After release of the ligations, the CBD-SL group continued as the CBD-SL releasing group, and the CBD-NL group as the CBD-NL releasing group. Results: It was observed that all the CBD ligated rats were both clinically and biochemically jaundiced but they were relieved after reversing the procedure. Conclusion: We present a simple, effective and reliable rat model which is suitable for studies which require a reversal of obstructive jaundice in rats.
Cutaneous Manifestations and Impaired Chemotaxis of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Associated with Kartagener’s Syndrome
Authors: Brenner S. , Tur E. , Fishel B. , Alkan M. , Topilsky M.
Published: October 2009

Persistent deep-seated folliculitis and impaired chemotaxis are described in a 24-year-old woman with situs inversus, bronchitis and sinusitis, i.e. the three characteristics of Kartagener’s syndrome. While patients with chemotactic defects not associated with the syndrome often suffer from skin infections, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a Kartagener patient with cutaneous manifestations.
Nerve Sheath Myxoma
Authors: Nogita T. , Someya T. , Nakagawa H. , Otsuka F. , Ishibashi Y.
Published: October 2009

An 18-year-old Japanese male presented with a normal-skin-colored, dome-shaped, slightly tender tumor on his left palm. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of distinct lobules, which were separated by fibrous connective tissue. Each lobule was composed of spindle or round cells within a myxoid matrix pathognomonic of nerve sheath myxoma. The mucinous material was positively stained by Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and toluidine blue (pH 4.0). Immunohistochemically, the majority of spindle cells were positive for S-100 protein (β-subunit) and neuron-specific enolase. Our findings lend further support to the hypothesis that nerve sheath myxoma is derived from Schwann cells.
Oral Psoriasis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sklavounou Alexandra , Laskaris George
Published: October 2009

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which very rarely affects the oral mucosa. In the present article, an interesting case of psoriasis with exclusive oral involvement is described. The patient’s history, clinical, microscopic features and HLA typing were consistent with a diagnosis of psoriasis. A review of the 68 reported cases of oral psoriasis is presented in table form.
Familial Porphyria cutanea tarda with Normal Erythrocytic Urodecarboxylase: An Exception to the Rule?
Authors: D’Alessandro Gandolfo L. , Griso D. , Macri A. , Biolcati G. , Topi G.C.
Published: October 2009

The possibility that the differentiation between sporadic and familial porphyria cutanea tarda cannot always be made on the basis of the measurement of the erythrocytic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity has been examined. Two cases of porphyria cutanea tarda, with a normal erythrocytic enzyme activity in a father and son, are described. The authors exclude that these are 2 cases of sporadic or toxic porphyria cutanea tarda within the same family. These 2 cases provide additional evidence for the existence of a form of familial porphyria cutanea tarda in which erythrocytic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity is normal.
Granulomes de jouvence
Authors: Masouyé Isabelle , Schaer Bernadette , Chavaz Pierre , Saurat Jean-Hilaire
Published: October 2009

A 61-year-old lady received, outside Switzerland, injections of a mixture containing Zyderm DNA and probably another nonidentified compound to eliminate age-related wrinkles on the face. She developed granulomatous lesions that persisted over 3 years and showed histological aspects of paraffinoma.
Are Corneocytes Elastic?
Authors: Lévêque J.L. , Poelman M.C. , de Rigal J. , Kligman A.M.
Published: October 2009

By using a microhandling system, we have recorded the force necessary to elongate isolated corneocytes. According to certain hypothesis, it appears that the elastic modulus of corneocyte is far higher than that of stratum corneum itself. Aggregates of corneocytes are disassembled by forces with a wide range of intensity. In the light of these experiments, stratum corneum appears as a very supple material where the deformations occur more by a plastification of the intercellular medium and an unfolding of the microrelief lines than an elongation of the corneocytes themselves. Moreover, desmosomes remnants could play a certain role in the corneocytes cohesiveness.
Larva migrans of the Oral Mucosa
Authors: André J. , Bernard M. , Ledoux M. , Achten G.
Published: October 2009

A case of buccal larva migrans is presented. This rare peculiar localization is discussed. The different treatments are mentioned with special regard to the topical and systemic use of the thiabendazole.
A Retrospective Study of the Inpatient Treatment of Psoriasis with Dithranol
Authors: De Bersaques J.
Published: October 2009

This study reports the results of the Ingram dithranol regimen for the treatment of psoriasis in 275 inpatients. The median duration of hospitalization until clearance was 25 days and the medians of the interval until a next treatment or hospitalization was needed were 11 and 8.5 months, respectively.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Cellular Infiltrate in Severe Alopecia areata before and after Minoxidil Treatment
Authors: Fiedler V.C. , Buys C.M.
Published: October 2009

The mechanism of minoxidil-induced hair regrowth in alopecia areata (AA) is unknown. In vitro studies suggest that pharmacologic tissue levels of minoxidil may have both epithelial and T cell effects. Response in 36 of 47 patients with severe AA to topical minoxidil 5% b.i.d. was characterized by a return toward normal of hair follicle diameter, depth and structure, and an apparent shift in T cell populations from the skin into the peripheral blood. Nonresponders showed none of these changes. Biopsies from 34 patients subsequently treated with oral minoxidil 5 mg q. 12 h showed no further changes in perifollicular total T, helper-inducer T or suppressor-cytotoxic T cell counts; they did, however, demonstrate significant decreases in perifollicular Langerhans cell and activated T cell counts, and nearly significant decreases in perifollicular monocyte counts. It is possible that minoxidil may be altering a presumed follicular chemoattractive stimulus to a variety of cell types. Decreases in activated T cell counts suggest the possibility of direct immunomodulatory effects of minoxidil on T cells which might contribute to a hair regrowth response in AA.
Repigmentation of Vitiligo Macules Treated Topically with Efudix® Cream
Authors: Szekeres Elena , Morvay Marta
Published: October 2009

Repigmentation has been observed under the influence of topically administered Efudix® cream in 3 patients with vitiligo of symmetrical acral type. No response has been received in 2 patients with segmental vitiligo treated in the same way. Recurrence of vitiligo was seen in 1 patient. Histologic and electron microscopic characterization of recolonized melanocytes is described. The significance of topical 5-fluorouracil treatment in vitiligo is discussed.
Zinc Deficiency Dermatitis in Parenteral Nutrition: An Electron-Miscroscopic Study
Authors: Ortega Serrano , Cachaza Aneiros , Tovar Vera , Feijoo Fernandez
Published: October 2009

Two cases of zinc deficiency dermatitis (acute phase) on parenteral nutrition are reported. Subepidermal blisters caused by a decrease in the number of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes located between the discontinuous basal membrane and cell membranes are shown. The collagen fibers presented changes which probably are responsible for the breaking or fragility of the capillaries. These facts went unnoticed in previous studies.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis Terminating as Progressive Systemic Sclerosis in a Child
Authors: Frayha Rida A. , Atiyah Fuad , Karam Paulette , Ali Ahmed Zalfa , Salman Salah M.
Published: October 2009

A child with clinicopathological features of eosinophilic fasciitis terminated in progressive systemic sclerosis. The clinical and laboratory similarities and disparities between these two conditions are presented.
Lepromatous Leprosy Complicated with Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ohkawa S. , Ozaki M. , Izumi S.
Published: October 2009

This paper presents a case of lepromatous leprosy complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus and diagnosed as having typical systemic lupus erythematosus from clinical features and results of laboratory tests. We discuss the appearance of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus as well as in leprosy.
Lipoatrophia semicircularis
Authors: Ayala F. , Lembo G. , Ruggiero F. , Balato N.
Published: October 2009

A case of lipoatrophia semicircularis is described in a 5-year-old child. Histological examination revealed the complete loss of adipose tissue. No associated abnormalities were found.
A Morphologic Study of Lymphadenosis benigna cutis
Authors: Geerts Marie-Louise , Kaiserling Edwin
Published: October 2009

Two skin biopsies of lymphadenosis benigna cutis have been analyzed by morphological and immunological methods using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on cryostat and paraffin sections. Follicular structures containing active germinal centers are composed of identical cell types as germinal centers of normal lymphatic tissue, e.g. centrocytes, centroblasts, immature plasma cells, dendritic reticulum cells and some T lymphocytes. Outside and inbetween the secondary follicles the infiltrate is composed of small T lymphocytes (OKT-3+, focal positive acid phosphatase reaction). Among T lymphocytes the OK.T-4+ to OKT-8+ ratio was 2:1. Within these areas, consisting almost exclusively of T lymphocytes, cells with electron microscopical features of indeterminate cells and interdigitating reticulum cells were recognized. Those cells are OKT-6+. It can be concluded that in lymphadenosis benigna cutis the infiltrate of the dermis is composed of B and T cell areas which show the same microarchitecture and morphology as in normal lymphatic tissue.
Les érythrodermies paranéoplasiques: à propos d’un cas
Authors: Faure M. , Bertrand C. , Mauduit G. , Souteyrand P. , Thivolet J.
Published: October 2009

A 63-year-old male patient had severe exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) which led to the discovery of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The possibility of paraneoplastic erythroderma is discussed. Although such an aetiology is rare, 5 cases with a similar paraneoplastic syndrome have been previously reported, which cannot be considered as a merely fortuitous association of exfoliative dermatitis and visceral cancer.
Mycosis fungoides with Monoclonal Gammopathy, Hypereosinophilia, and Hyper-IgE
Authors: Palermo A. , Moretti S. , Difonzo E.M. , Fattorossi A.
Published: October 2009

A 61-year-old female with a well-established Mycosis fungoides also had a marked hypereosinophilia, a monoclonal gammopathy IgGk type, and an elevated IgE level. Such unusual association of abnormalities of the immune system in a given Mycosis fungoides patient has not been described before in the absence of any other underlying cause.
Treatment of Tinea palmaris with Mycospor®
Authors: Meisel C.
Published: October 2009

12 patients with tinea palmaris were treated with Mycospor® (Bifonazole); the average persistence of disease was 10.5 years and they were treated, on average, 4.5 times. The duration of treatment with Mycospor® was between 20 and 300 days. The results show an exceptionally short duration of treatment in some individual cases, in others the usual obstinacy was confirmed. An explanation for this difference cannot be given just like unilateral mycoses in nearly all cases cannot be explained either.
Tactile Sensitivity in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Serup Jørgen
Published: October 2009

The two-point and circle discriminations of the third digit of the hand were studied in 25 patients with systemic sclerosis as compared to 25 healthy controls matched for sex and age. 1 patient (4%) had diminished two-point discrimination = 10 mm and other signs of neuropathy. Mean two-point discrimination in the controls was 3.44 mm, SD 1.00 mm, and mean + 2 SD 5.44 mm. The normal two-point discrimination of the pulp of the digit could be defined as ≤ 5 mm. The circle discrimination was not diminished in any case. 8 patients (32%) complained of numbness of the digits, but examinations revealed neuropathy in only 1 case. Determination of two-point discrimination of the digit is recommended to screen neuropathy in systemic sclerosis.
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Hazen Paul G. , Taub Steven J.
Published: October 2009

A single patient with basal cell nevus syndrome is presented. Prolonged application of 5% 5-fluorouracil and dinitrochlorobenzene was unsuccessful in inducing regression or clearing of his cutaneous lesions. Our results suggest that these therapies, at least for the nevoid-appearing lesions, may not be effective in the management of some patients with basal cell nevus syndrome.
Acquired Cutaneous Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Topi Giancarlo , D’Alessandro Gandolfo Luciana , Giacalone Bernardino , Griso Daniela , Zardi Oreste , Argiroffo Antonella
Published: October 2009

We examined more than 1,400 dermatologic patients with clinically defined (but having unknown or presumably multiple etiology) affections. The investigation revealed the presence of antitoxoplasm antibodies in more than 50% of the patients, but in only 11% of the cases did the serological analyses give evidence of an active form of disease. It was possible to prove the toxoplasmic etiology of 29 cases of chronic prurigo and of 4 cases of dermohypodermitis. The same infection was involved in a few cases of different dermatoses and in two cases of dermatomyositis-like syndrome. Pseudotumoral granulomatous localizations occurred in immunosuppressed patients. We suggest an ‘immunological key’ to explain the polymorphism of the cutaneous manifestations. The practical interest of this new knowledge and its importance as a field of interdisciplinary studies are emphasized.
Infection dermatophytique mixte du cuir chevelu par Trichophyton schœnleinii et Microsporum rivalieri
Authors: Grigoriu D. , Delacrétaz J.
Published: October 2009

A case of concomitant dermatophytic infection (Trichophyton schœnleinii and Microsporum rivalieri) of the scalp in a 9-year-old African girl is described.
Gardner-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Barba A. , Sapuppo A. , Arosio C. , Schiavon R.
Published: October 2009

The case of a patient suffering from Gardner-Diamond syndrome is described. Owing to the uncertain etiology, we suggest that the functional platelet defect found may intervene, maintaining and making the ecchymotic lesions worse.
Endometriosis of the Umbilicus
Authors: Michowitz M. , Baratz M. , Stavorovsky M.
Published: October 2009

Endometriosis is a common phenomenon. Most cases reported are pelvic endometriosis which cause typical symptoms. Cutaneous endometriosis is rare, usually appearing in surgical scars or following surgical procedures. Umbilical endometriosis can occur after surgery but is generally spontaneous. Six cases of spontaneous umbilical endometriosis are presented.
Ketoconazole Compared with Griseofulvin in Dermatophytoses: a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Stratigos I. , Zissis N.P. , Katsambas A. , Koumentaki E. , Michalopoulos M. , Flemetakis A.
Published: October 2009

50 patients with drug-resistant and/or extensive superficial mycoses and positive cultures for dermatophytes, were randomly assigned to treatment either with 200 mg ketoconazole (26 patients, mean age 31 years) or 500 mg griseofulvin (24 patients, mean age 32.5 years) daily, administered in identical capsules. Patients were evaluated before and during treatment, clinically, by direct microscopy and cultures in double-blind conditions. The maximum duration of treatment was 6 weeks. 26/26 patients in the ketoconazole group and 22/24 patients in the griseofulvin group had negative cultures after 2.5 and 3 weeks (median values) respectively. Clinical symptoms responded rapidly and completely to both treatments. Therapeutic results were statistically significant in both groups. 1 patient in each group relapsed during the next 3 months after the end of the treatment. No unwanted effects were reported. Although both treatments were effective, therapeutic results were slightly better and appeared earlier with ketoconazole.
Beeinflussung endokrinologischer Parameter durch UV-Ganzbestrahlungen
Authors: Altmeyer P. , Holzmann H. , Lube U.
Published: October 2009

In 49 healthy test persons we measured various endocrine parameters (ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, TSH) prior to and after whole-body irradiation with UV light of varying quality and quantity. 60 min after sunlamp and SUP® exposure a marked decrease in the average cortisol plasma level appears which is less than the daily circadian variation. After irradiation with a lamp that mainly emits UVA rays these reactions fail to appear. After sunlamp and SUP irradiation also the concentrations of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine show a decrease of 22.1 and 13.7%, respectively, which is, however, statistically significant for triiodothyronine only. ACTH and TSH values remain unchanged. According to these results we can conclude that depending on the quality of rays defined endocrinological reactions are caused. Peripheral ‘consumption’ of these hormones and concomitant insufficient central stimulation are suggested.
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Lisi P. , Santeusanio F. , Lombardi G. , Compagnucci P.
Published: October 2009

A study on carbohydrate metabolism (glycaemia and insulinaemia curves during the oral and the intravenous glucose tolerance tests) in 20 porphyria cutanea tarda patients revealed diabetes mellitus in 2 and impaired glucose tolerance in 1 patient, but the carbohydrate tolerance did not differ greatly from that of matched controls. The porphyria cutanea tarda patients, instead, had a significantly exaggerated insulin response, which was more marked in patients with liver disorders. It is proposed that the hyperinsulinism is secondary to the liver damage.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Unicellular Mucoprotein Accumulation
Authors: Marsch Wolfgang Ch. , Rotter-Ross Christine
Published: October 2009

The difficulty of differentiating an epithelial skin tumour with partial adenoid histological features from a metastasis of an internal adenocarcinoma is exemplified by a case report of an 83-year-old woman. Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural results led us to suppose that two different carcinomas with metastases were present: an adenocarcinoma of the colon and a ‘unicellular muciparous squamous cell carcinoma of the skin’. The nosological proximity of the primary skin tumour to mucoepidermoid tumours and to sweat gland carcinoma of the ductular epithelium will be considered in more detail.
Lichen planus: Histologic Involvement of an Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: Bork K. , Hoede N.
Published: October 2009

Only little is known about the involvement of the epithelium of epidermoid cysts in dermatoses with keratinocytic changes because these cysts are excised only rarely. Histological findings on an epidermoid cyst, excised from a patient with wide-spread lichen planus are reported. These changes exactly agree with the epidermal histological features of lichen planus and cannot be interpreted as a foreign body reaction.
Treatment of Idiopathic Hirsutism with Spironolactone
Authors: Nielsen Povl Gamborg
Published: October 2009

The effect of spironolactone in a low dose (50 mg/day) on hirsutism in 21 women was investigated in an open study. A beneficial effect of treatment was obtained in 15 patients (71%).
Lues-Serologie – gestern, heute und morgen
Authors: Rufli T.
Published: October 2009

After an historical survey, the various modern serologic tests for syphilis are dealt with. The humoral immunological phenomena, which develop in a certain chronological order, antilipoidal (non-specific) and antitreponemal (specific) antibodies of the classes IgM and IgG are presented. Particularly the demonstration of specific antitreponemal antibodies of the IgM class has opened up new perspectives in the serologic diagnostics of syphilis. For the present, screening examinations and the confirmation of the diagnosis are the domain of the specific tests (TPHA, FTA), while for the assessment of the therapy effect and of reinfection the unspecific tests (VDRL) are still to be employed.
Therapeutische, funktionelle und kosmetische Spätergebnisse von 103 Patienten mit mittels Weichstrahltherapie behandelten 117 Basaliomen
Authors: Schneiter M. , Krebs A.
Published: October 2009

We report on the therapeutic, functional and cosmetical late results of 103 patients with 117 basal-cell carcinomas treated with soft radiotherapy (total dose: 4800–6000 R). After an average of 9.1 years 95.4% of 109 controlled primary basal-cell carcinomas could be healed and of the retreated basal-cell carcinomas 62.5%. Usually slight functional disturbances were shown in 10 cases (8.5%). The cosmetical late results were judged as good or very good in 57.2%, as average in 24.8% and in 11.1% as bad, whereas big differences were made in regard of location.
Immunogenetic Analysis of Association between HLA Antigens and Psoriasis vulgaris: Population and Family Studies
Authors: Laurentaci G. , Lomuto M. , Favoino B.
Published: October 2009

A significant increase of some HLA antigens (B13, B17) was shown in 122 psoriasis patients, compared to 176 unrelated individuals of the control group. This finding is not completely secondary to an increase in Cw6, supporting the opinion that different loci within the HLA region are responsible for different forms of the disease. Some familial cases of psoriasis suggest a possible involvement of Bw35, despite the fact that the increase of this antigen in a random population was not significant for the corrected value. In this case it seems likely that a gene associated with Bw35 may be responsible for an infectious form of disease. The fact that 32% of our psoriatic patients did not show either B13, B17 or Cw6, indicated that the Is gene could also segregate with an other haplotype. The Is gene is also dominant, with an incomplete penetrance of B17 and Bw35 among relatives.
Multiple Telangiectases Preceding the Appearance of Undifferentiated Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Ochshorn M. , Ilie B. , Blum I.
Published: October 2009

A patient with undifferentiated bronchogenic carcinoma, which was preceded by skin manifestations, namely telangiectases on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, lips and tongue, is described. It is possible that these multiple vascular lesions are one of the cutaneous markers of internal malignancy.
Sklerodermiforme Veränderungen nach PUVA-Therapie bei Vitiligo
Authors: Thürlimann W. , Harms M.
Published: October 2009

2 cases of vitiligo are reported showing scleroderma-like alterations in the areas not repigmented after long-term PUVA therapy. The histological aspect corresponds to an actinic elastosis; the thickening, however, the hyahnization and the horizontalization of the collagen fibers are characteristic of scleroderma.
Dyskératose acantholytique régionale
Authors: Delacrétaz J. , Christeler A.
Published: October 2009

A 60-year-old woman displayed about 150 keratotic, asymptomatic papules, 1–2 mm in diameter, grouped on a 9- to 7-cm area below the right breast. Histologically, the papules show hyperkeratosis and suprabasal acantholytic dyskeratosis. This case has to be classified as a localized form of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis.
Skin Testing in Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Boonk W.J. , van Ketel W.G.
Published: October 2009

In 164 patients with chronic recurrent urticaria, the value of skin tests was investigated. Patch tests carried out with the standard series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group and with a series of penicillins revealed positive reactions in 22 (35/162) and 6.9% (11/158), respectively. In 21.5% (33/152) positive intracutaneous tests to cilligen and/or penicillin G were observed. 35% (51/147) of the patients had one or more positive intracutaneous tests with inhalants. Scratch tests with food allergens showed positive reactions in 12.5% (12/95). There was no difference in results between patients with idiopathic urticaria or angio-oedema and those with physical urticaria. The value of these findings is discussed. Most of the patients with penicillin allergy, were recommended to be on a diet free from milk and milk products. In 50% this was successful.
Juvenile Melanoma after BCG Vaccination
Authors: Bonnetblanc J.M. , Gualde N. , Catanzano G. , Roux J.
Published: October 2009

This is a description of a patient with a juvenile melanoma occurring at the site of a BCG vaccination.
Gonococcal Carriage in the Throat – No Common Findings Anyhow?
Authors: Korting H.C.
Published: October 2009

Urethral carriage of gonococci is now accepted as a common phenomenon. During the last 10 years, moreover, gonococcal infections of the throat – both symptomatic and asymptomatic – have increasingly been demonstrated. As most investigations were undertaken in a highly selected population (VD patients), it seemed useful to screen a group of army recruits for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in their throats. In fact, while Neisseria meningitidis turned up very often, no such strains could be found. So gonococcal pharyngeal – other than urethral – carriage cannot be considered as a normal finding in an unselected population; as high as the corresponding rates in VD patients may be.
Acquired Zinc Deficiency Syndrome during Total Parenteral Alimentation
Authors: Ferrándiz C. , Henkes J. , Peyrí J. , Sarmiento J.
Published: October 2009

An acute zinc deficiency state developed in 6 patients on total parenteral alimentation, which allegedly included zinc 37 μmol/l. The actual concentration of this trace element when measured by us, was 3 μmol/l. The clinical picture consisted of an acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome, with subsequent development of distinctive nail lesions, which consisted of white transverse bands in all finger- and toenails. Histopathological examination of several of these cutaneous lesions revealed distinctive changes, which we consider rather specific of zinc deficiency states. They consisted in parakeratosis, cleavage and detachment of the superficial layers of the epidermis, mainly intracellular and also extracellular edema of the epidermal cells, development of microvesicles at different epidermal levels, and severe vacuolar alteration of the dermoepidermal junction. These changes also affected the outer root sheath of the hair follicles.
Eosinophilic Pustulosis with Pemphigus-Like Antibody
Authors: Vakilzadeh F. , Suter L. , Knop J. , Macher E.
Published: October 2009

A 75-year-old male with eosinophilic pustulosis Ofuji complicated by superinfection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis is described. This is the first case of eosinophilic pustulosis with an antiepidermal antibody. This antibody was directed against the intercellular substance of the lower epidermis and it was detected by direct immunofluorescence in the patient’s normal and lesional skin. As revealed by indirect immunofluorescence the patient’s serum reacted with intercellular substance of human lower epidermis but not with guinea pig esophagus. Possibly the detected autoantibody is not characteristic for eosinophilic pustulosis Ofuji but rather an accompanying feature of this case similar to the antiepidermal antibodies found in patients with drug reactions and burns.
Unilateral Dermatomal Cavernous Hemangiomatosis
Authors: Wilkin Jonathan K.
Published: October 2009

Unilateral dermatomal cavernous hemangiomatosis (UDCH) is a nosologic entity characterized by (1) multiple hemangiomata; (2) location in lower dermis and subcutaneous tissue; (3) unilateral dermatomal distribution; (4) lack of gastrointestinal lesions; (5) lack of enchondromata; (6) benign course; (7) absence of family history; (8) onset either acquired or congenital, and (9) changes in size possibly hormonal in nature. UDCH must be distinguished from other disorders with multiple hemangiomata which convey adverse prognoses.
Hair Casts
Authors: Crovato F. , Rebora A. , Crosti C.
Published: October 2009

Peripilar hair casts are a pathological occurrence which is probably greater than the few reports seem to suggest. In 2 patients the authors have found fine, whitish nodular accretions of epithelial cells and keratinous debris surrounding the hair shafts of the scalp over a length of 3–7 mm located at various distances from the base of the hair along which they can freely move. Long-term or repetitive tractions incidental to modern hair styling or a moderate trichotillomania due to anxiety for hair loss are probably the causative factors.
Condylomata acuminata with Pigmented Papular Lesions
Authors: Kimura Shunji
Published: October 2009

5 cases of condylomata acuminata with pigmented papular lesions were examined. By light microscopy, the pigmented papules showed benign basaloid cell proliferation and papillomatosis with only a few vacuolizations of the keratinocytes. Although mitotic figures increased in number, cellular atypia and disorderly arrangement were rarely observed. Electron microscopy revealed only benign epidermal cell proliferation. From these findings, the pigmented papules may be regarded as an initial stage or a forme fruste of condylomata acuminata. These papules are clinically very similar to the lesions of so-called multicentric pigmented Bowen’s disease and the relationships between these two conditions are discussed.
Comparison of in vivo and in vitro Capability of Complement Fixation by Pemphigus Antibodies
Authors: Nishikawa Takeji , Kurihara Seiichi , Hatano Hitoshi
Published: October 2009

Using complement immunofluorescence, the capability of complement fixation by bound antibodies in pemphigus lesional skin was compared with circulating intercellular antibodies of complement-fixing type in the same patient. Five lesional skin samples from 6 patients, containing bound IgG, gave positive binding of complement (C3) supplied from fresh guinea pig serum, while only one serum sample showed complement-fixing pemphigus antibodies in the circulation. These results support the view that complement-fixing pemphigus antibodies are rapidly localized to the skin and play a role on the production of acantholysis.
Antimicrobial Spectrum of Triclosan, a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agent for Topical Application
Authors: Regös J. , Zak O. , Solf R. , Vischer W.A. , Weirich E.G.
Published: October 2009

The antimicrobial activity of 5-chloro-2(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol (triclosan, one of the active ingredients of Logamel®, Ciba-Geigy) was compared in vitro with that of other antimicrobials exclusively or occasionally used as topical agents in dermatology: hexachlorophene, clioquinol, chlorquinaldol. gentamicin, neomycin, nystatin, econazole, clotrimazole and salicylic acid. Upon determination of the MICs for 53 strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and fungi, triclosan was found to display a high degree of activity against most of the test organisms and to have the broadest spectrum of chemotherapeutically significant antimicrobial activity of the substances tested.
La classification moderne des dermatophytes
Authors: Vanbreuseghem R.
Published: October 2009

Dermatophytes are classified according to two systems. The first, or parasitic classification of Sabouraud, rests on the morphology of the dermatophytes on the hair in vivo (Achorion, Trichophyton endothrix or ectothrix microides and megaspores, Microsporum) or on the absence of growth on the hair in vivo (Epidermophyton). In the second type they are classified according to their saprophytic morphology. There are many classifications of this type based on the asexual state of the dermatophytes, e.g. the classification of Emmons (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) or the classification of Vanbreuseghem and DeVroey (Microides, Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, Keratinomyces). As the existence of a sexual state of the dermatophytes has been demonstrated, the dermatophytes are also classified in two perfect genera: Arthroderma and Nannizzia. In this paper it is assumed that both classifications have to be used because they are not correlated.
Maturational Sequence of Fetal Breathing Movements
Authors: Kozuma S. , Nemoto A. , Okai T. , Mizuno M.
Published: October 2009

The inspiratory times of fetal breathing movements were measured in REM and NREM periods, respectively, and their changes with advancing gestational age were investigated. Ten women without complications in their 20th to 40th week of pregnancy were examined. Fetal breathing movements and REM were observed simultaneously using ultra-sonography. REM and NREM periods were selected for analyzing breathing movements separate from the whole examination period. The inspiratory times of fetal breathing movements were measured with the hand-held pressure transducer. The changes in inspiratory time with fetal age showed the same pattern both in REM and NREM periods. There were no significant changes in inspiratory time before 28 weeks gestational age. After that, the inspiratory time lengthened, showing the maximum at 32–35 weeks and then shortened at 36–40 weeks gestational age. There were no differences of the inspiratory time between REM and NREM periods before 32 weeks. After 32 weeks, the inspiratory time in the NREM period was longer than in the REM period. These changes in fetal breathing movements are thought to be caused by the morphological maturation of the fetal lung and the functional development of respiratory and sleep center of the fetal central nervous system.