bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ НОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: ВНЕШНИЕ И ВНУТРЕННИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: РАХАЕВ ХАДИС МАГОМЕДОВИЧ , СОЗАЕВА ТАНЗИЛЯ ХАКИМОВНА , МАМБЕТОВА ФАТИМАТ АБДУЛЛАХОВНА
Published: June 2019

Цель научной статьи. На основе анализа проектов и перспектив развития российской экономики выявить основные динамические, технологические и институциональные изменения с целью формирования новой модели национальной экономики. Методология проведенного исследования. Исследование основывается на общенаучных методах познания, которые предусматривают системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются фундаментальные научные труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых в области национальной экономической политики. Результаты. Обосновано предположение, доказанное апелляцией к основным эмпирическим тенденциям, о том, что в перспективе в экономике России будут активно развиваться добывающие отрасли, а также смежные с ними обрабатывающие. Приоритетными направлениями развития предусмотрены добывающая отрасль и сельское хозяйство, расширение производственных и иных коммуникаций. В рамках исследования выявлено, что в результате применения определенного комплекса мер «экономический центр», в целом, сместится на Восток, вместе с тем произойдут изменения в институциональной среде. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут использоваться при разработке стратегий социально-экономического развития территорий. Выводы. Формирование новой модели национального хозяйства России предусматривает два вектора ее активности: первый вектор европейский, а второй - азиатский.
An Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality in School Buildings in the State of Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hubail Jamal , Al-Temeemi Abdul-Salam
Published: June 2019

In this study, indoor quality and environmental comfort were investigated in secondary school buildings located in the State of Kuwait. Comfort variables such as temperature and relative humidity (thermal comfort), noise (acoustic comfort), illumination (visual comfort), as well as allocated classroom floor area per student (spatial comfort) were measured. Data was collected over a 7-month period on a spot basis during school hours in student-occupied classrooms at 46 selected schools. The measured data was then compared to international guidelines and standards related to indoor environment quality. The data for noise and allocated space were shown to be in the comfort ranges in all the schools. However, 11% of the schools are not adequately illuminated, 33% had temperatures not within the recommended limits, and 22% of the schools had humidity levels either higher or lower than the recommended levels. Also, 9% of the schools had low illumination readings.In addition, during the data monitoring, a survey was conducted by which the student occupants completed a questionnaire so that subjective and objective evaluations could be compared. The findings of the questionnaire displayed significant correlations between the measured data and some ailments and other complaints experienced by the students.Ultimately, the results found in this research will provide a baseline for comparison with future indoor environment quality assessments in buildings. Furthermore, recommendations are suggested in order to improve the environmental quality problems encountered in some of the schools, which may be beneficial for policymakers, facilities managers, and design engineers.
Discussion on the Intelligent Design of Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Passive Buildings
Authors: Tong Xin , Yang Xiaolin , Ma Xiao
Published: June 2019

With the continuous development of science and technology and the gradual improvement of modern building technology, people pay more and more attention to the introduction of advanced technology in architectural design, such as the application of intelligent technology. With the increasingly severe environmental situation, people are increasingly demanding the environmental performance and green performance of buildings. The establishment of ultra-low energy consumption passive buildings has become one of the key construction contents of construction projects. This paper mainly analyzes the design points and architectural forms of related buildings from the perspective of intelligent control.
DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ONOMASTIC SPACE OF THE BRITISH AND RUSSIAN FAIRY TALE
Authors: Oshchepkova Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Solov’eva Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the semantics and etymology of spellonyms - nominations of wizards - that allows specifying the distinctive features of the fragments of the Russian and British fairy tale worldviews. According to the suggested classification, spellonyms are divided on the basis of the common and individual features of the nominated objects. The authors single out monomial and binomial nominations. The group of monomial names includes common nouns. The binomial names are composed of phrases that include canonical and non-canonical names and additions - characteristics containing an emotional-aesthetic assessment or reflecting the status and features of a character. Typification of characters is specific for a fairy tale, therefore common names prevail among wizards’ names.
STRUCTURE AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE ENGLISH NOUNS WITH THE SUFFIX -ER
Authors: Avetisyan Milana Igorevna
Published: June 2019

The article considers the structure and semantic features of the English nouns with the verbal derivative basis and the suffix - er. Ambiguous categorization criteria of these linguistic phenomena determined the necessity to study the mechanisms for broadening their semantics. The author concludes that semantics of the mentioned lexemes can be represented systemically using the concepts ANIMATE DOER, INSTRUMENT, PURPOSE LOCATION and EVENT associated with certain propositions, the polysemy of which is realized through cognitive metaphor and metonymy.
ANGLO-AMERICANISMS AS A SOURCE FOR REPLENISHING THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Doinikova Marina Igorevna
Published: June 2019

The article identifies the role of Anglo-Americanisms in the modern German language. The author’s attention is focused on the borrowings that appeared in the German language in the XXI century. The problem of borrowings has been tackled in numerous scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers but it still attracts linguists’ special attention because borrowing is one of the basic means to replenish the vocabulary of any language. The paper tries to answer the question whether the use of Anglo-Americanisms is always justified. Prospects for further research in this area are considered.
EVOLUTION OF “BLACK/WHITE” DICHOTOMY IN THE NATIONAL COLOUR TERM SYSTEM
Authors: Zeremskaya Yuliya Aleksandrovna , Solodovnikova Ol'ga Vladimirovna
Published: June 2019

The article considers national specificity of the concepts WHITE and BLACK in the Russian and English languages. Phraseological units with the component “черный/black” and “белый/white” are analysed. The analysis allows concluding about the interrelation of language, culture and ethnic tradition. Theoretical and practical study leads to the conclusion that phraseological units with the component “черный/black” and “белый/white” belong to the ancient stratum of vocabulary and help to reveal the specificity of the national culture. Deeper understanding of these phraseological units allows their more accurate use in the modern language.
Identifikasi Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Uji Sensitivitas terhadap Antibiotik dari Sampel Pus Infeksi Luka Operasi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Sulviana Aulia Wahyu , Puspawati Nony , Rukmana Rizal Maarif
Published: June 2019

Infeksi luka operasi merupakan bagian dari infeksi nosokomial. Salah satu bakteri penyebab tertinggi infeksi luka operasi adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada sampel pus infeksi luka operasi dari Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi dan untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitasnya terhadap beberapa antibiotik.

Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang telah diisolasi dari sampel pada media Pseudomonas Selective Agar lalu dilakukan pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia, kemudian dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap beberapa antibiotik yaitu: siprofloksasin, seftriakson, meropenem, sefotaksim, gentamisin, dan tobramisin dengan metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil diameter zona hambat pada uji sensitivitas dibandingkan dengan standar diameter zona hambat menurut Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 45 sampel pus infeksi luka operasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi teridentifikasi 11 sampel positif Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitif 100% terhadap meropenem. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 90,90% terhadap siprofloksasin, tobramisin dan gentamisin. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 63,63% pada seftriakson dan hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 9,09% pada sefotaksim.
Kontaminasi Bakteri Coliform pada Saus Siomai dari Pedagang Area Kampus di Surakarta
Authors: Arini Liss Dyah Dewi , Wulandari Rahaju Muljo
Published: June 2019

Siomai merupakan salah satu makanan pokok yang menggunakan bahan pelengkap (tambahan) makanan berupa saus. Pada saat sekarang ini banyak siomai yang dijual dengan menggunakan sepeda ontel yang ditaruh di bagian belakang sepeda. Akan tetapi dalam kenyataannya kebersihan dari siomai sering juga terabaikan salah satunya karena banyaknya udara dan debu yang masuk ke makanan siomai. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan utuuk menguji adanya cemaran bakteri Coliform yang terdapat pada olahan saus yang dijual sebagai pelengkap makanan pada siomai dan mengidentifikasi adanya kandungan bakteri Escherichia coli yang terdapat pada olahan saus yang dijual sebagai pelengkap makanan siomai. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey lapangan dengan pengambilan sampel secara acak dan deskriptif untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri Coliform pada beberapa produk olahan saus yang terdapat pada makanan siomai. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan mengambil 10 sampel olahan saus dari makanan siomai yang ada di area kampus di Surakarta. Pemeriksaan bakteri Coliform dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi UNS, Surakarta dengan uji most probable number (MPN), uji Escherichia coli dan pewarnaan gram. Dari uji Most Probable Number melalui uji praduga dan penegasan sampel uji coba menunjukkan hasil positif Coliform, dari hasil pewarnaan gram bakteri yang ditemukan termasuk ke dalam golongan bakteri gram negatif dan dari hasil uji biokimia bakteri-bakteri yang ditemukan pada sampel termasuk spesies Enterobacter dan Escherichia coli. Hasil pengujian yang didapat dari semua uji tidak memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan dalam SNI 01-3546-2004 tentang batas maksimum Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) pada saus tomat adalah 2 x 102 koloni/g sedangkan menurut Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia nomor HK. 00.06.1.52.401, batas maksimum Most Probable Number (MPN) Coliform pada saus tomat adalah 100 koloni/g.
Islamic education in the Ingush society. Past and present
Authors: Albogachieva M. S.-G.
Published: June 2019

The article offers an overview of the history of Islamic education in the Ingush society from the adoption of Islam (mid. 19th cent.) up to today. In the article is shown the role and importance of this important component of the people’s spiritual culture. During the field research in Ingushetia in 2014–2018, the author did manage to collect extensive data, which enabled her to outline the history of the formation of Islamic education in Ingushetia. The collected field material is subdivided into two blocks. The first is an outline of the history of the formation and also a structure of the traditional education system. It also provides an overview of the individual learning process. A student was instructed by the famous teachers (alims). This kind of education took place not only in Ingushetia, but also in the whole Caucasus. The second block deals with the processes of re-Islamization of society. This gave a powerful impetus to the revival of the Islamic education system that existed here at the beginning of the 20th century, and the introduction of new forms of Islamic education. The latter run in harness with the introduction in the school curriculum (grades 4 to 11) of the subjects, such as the “Fundaments of Religion” and “The Basics of Islamic Culture”. In introducing these subjects a crucial role played the the Spiritual Council of the Muslims of Ingushetia, who initiated the whole process. The schools in the Republic of Ingushetia continue to teach these subjects; at the same time many teaching aids (manuals, readers) to facilitate the process are currently being written. In addition to the subjects learned at schools, students of religious schools (madrasas) also receive elementary Islamic education, and those who wish can receive a higher education in Islam and Islam related subjects both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Thanks to well-organized work in secondary schools, madrasas and Islamic institutions, it was possible to raise the level of Islamic education and reduce the radicalization of society.
Peacemaking interreligious dialogue: principles, objectives, forms of implementation
Authors: Melnik S. V.
Published: June 2019

The article offers the original classification of interreligious dialogue types based on four criteria as follows. 1. «Intention» (i.e. the motivation to come into contact with a representative of another religion); 2. «Goal» (i.e. tasks and aims headed towards by the participants in the dialogue); 3. «Principles» (i.e. the starting points, which determine the interaction); 4. «Form» (i.e. participants in the dialogue). Among those the most important criterium is that if intention, which identifies the types of «polemical», «peacemaking », «cognitive» and «partnership» dialogue. These types of dialogue are lined up respectively around the following questions: «Who is right?», «How can we live together peacefully?», «Who are you?» and «What can we do to improve the world?». In the article are analyzed the possibilities of applying the approach outlined as above. As an example is used the interreligious dialogue, which aims to reconciliate the arguing parties. Special attention is additionally paid to the “diplomatic” dialogue as conducted between between heads and official representatives of religious communities.
Religiosity and time perception in a sample of Muslims, Christians, and Atheists
Authors: Paramuzov A. V.
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of an empirical study of religiosity and time perception in a sample of Muslims, Christians, and Atheists. The study involved 77 respondents from 18 to 44 years old. There was used the Religious Orientation Scale of G. Allport and D. Ross for the study of religiosity. There were used Zimbardo time perspective inventory and “time semantic differential” for the study of time perception. We obtained following results: the indicators of “extrinsic religiosity” among Muslims are higher than among Orthodox Christians; Muslims have higher indicators of “present hedonistic” than Orthodox Christians; Atheists have higher indicators of “present hedonistic” than Muslims; Orthodox Christians have higher indicators of “time amount” of the present than Atheists; Muslims have higher indicators of “time amount” of the future than Atheists.
About a Letter by Abdurreshid Ibrahimov
Authors: Khairutdinov A. G. , Sharafeeva R. G.
Published: June 2019

The article presents а publication of a letter written by an outstanding Tatar religious and public figure, Abdurreshid Ibrahim. The letter was sent from Stockholm and addressed to his friend and colleague Rizaetdin Fakhretd. The letter reflects the attitude by A. Ibrahim to the then state of human civilization, and his thoughts about the future. It reflects one of the episodes of his active social and political activities aimed at involving the Russian Muslim community in political activities on the international level. In particular, A. Ibrahim announces his intention to take part in Stockholm conference, held in the spring and summer of 1917. Of particular interest are the reasons brought forward by A. Ibrahim regarding his decision about the participation in the forum of all the branches of the international socialist movement.
Impact of vaccination on antibiotic usage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Buckley Brian , Henschke Nicholas , Bergman Hanna , Skidmore Becky , Klemm Elizabeth , Villanueva Gemma , Garritty Chantelle Marie , Paul Mical
Published: June 2019

Background: Vaccines may reduce antibiotic use and the development of resistance.Objectives: To provide a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the evidence base relating to the effect of vaccines on antibiotic use.Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO Trials Registry.Study eligibility criteria: Randomised-controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published January 1998 to March 2018.Participants: Any population.Interventions: Vaccines versus placebo, no vaccine or another vaccine.Methods: Titles, abstracts, and full-texts were screened independently by two reviewers. Certainty of RCT evidence was assessed using GRADE.Results: 4980 records identified; 895 full-text reports assessed; 96 studies included (24 RCTs, 72 observational). There was high certainty evidence that influenza vaccine reduces days of antibiotic use among healthy adults (1 RCT; n = 4253; rate reduction 28·1% [95% CI 16·0, 38·4]); moderate certainty evidence that influenza vaccines probably reduce antibiotic use in children aged 6 months to 14 years (3 RCTs; n = 610; ratio of means 0·62 [95% CI 0·54, 0·70) and probably reduces community antibiotic use in children aged 3-15 years (1 RCT; n = 10,985 person-seasons; risk ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·58, 0·83]); moderate certainty evidence that pneumococcal vaccination probably reduces antibiotic use in children aged 6 weeks to 6 years (2 RCTs; n = 47,945; rate ratio 0·93 [95% CI 0·87, 0·99]) and reduces illness episodes requiring antibiotics in children aged 12-35 months (1 RCT; n = 264; rate ratio 0·85 [95% CI 0·75, 0·97]). Other RCT evidence was of low or very low certainty, and observational evidence was affected by confounding. Conclusions: The evidence base is poor. Although some vaccines may reduce antibiotic use, collection of high-quality data in future vaccine trials is needed to improve the evidence base. Funding: Wellcome TrustPROSPERO registration: CRD42018103881
Theoretical investigation of Ramachandran plot of N-formyl-L-alanine-amide
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The full conformational space of N-formyl-L-alanine-amide was explored by the semi-empirical method AM1 coupled to the Multi Niche Crowding (MNC) genetic algorithm implemented in a package of programs developed in our laboratory. The structural and energy analysis of the resulting conformational space E(,ψ) exhibits 5 regions or minima ɣL, ɣD, ɛL, D and αD. The technique provides better detection of local and global minima within a reasonable time.
Effect of cooking time on selected metals, oxalate and phytate contents of the raw and cooked lettuce from five farms in Ethiopia
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The effect of cooking time on mineral composition and anti-nutritional factors, oxalate and phytate, of lettuce grown in five farms of Ethiopia was investigated in this study by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, titrimetry, and spectrophotometrically, respectively. The work was focused in the evaluation of bioavailability of Ca, Fe and Zn by the molar ratios of [Phy]:[Fe], [Phy]:[Zn], [Ca]:[Phy], ([Ca][Phy])/[Zn]. The mineral composition was found to be: 1557–3171, Ca; 13.8–14.7, Mg; 0.7–2.8, Zn; 21.4–123, Fe; 3.94–9.41, Mn; 0.39–1.19, Cu; ND–0.24, Co; and 1.46–2.63, Ni; in mg/100 g in the raw samples. They all show decreasing on cooking except Fe, Zn and Ca which show significant increment depending on cooking time interval. The anti-nutritional factors in uncooked lettuce may present health-hazard potential, which in turn demands cooking for short time before consumption to eliminate the toxic effects of anti-nutritional factors.
Predictive performance modeling of Habesha brewery wastewater treatment plant using artificial neural networks
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

Recently, process control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is, mostly accomplished through examining the quality of the water effluent and adjusting the processes through the operator’s experience. This practice is inefficient, costly and slow in control response. A better control of WTPs can be achieved by developing a robust mathematical tool for performance prediction. Due to their high accuracy and quite promising application in the field of engineering, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are attracting attention in the domain of WWTP predictive performance modeling. This work focuses on applying ANN with a feed-forward, back propagation learning paradigm to predict the effluent water quality of the Habesha brewery WTP. Data of influent and effluent water quality covering approximately an 11-month period (May 2016 to March 2017) were used to develop, calibrate and validate the models. The study proves that ANN can predict the effluent water quality parameters with a correlation coefficient (R) between the observed and predicted output values reaching up to 0.969. Model architecture of 3-21-3 for pH and TN, and 1-76-1 for COD were selected as optimum topologies for predicting the Habesha Brewery WTP performance. The linear correlation between predicted and target outputs for the optimal model architectures described above were 0.9201 and 0.9692, respectively.
Elaboration of novel adsorbent from Moroccan oil shale using Plackett–Burman design
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The new adsorbents were prepared from Moroccan oil shale by chemical and physical process .In this study, experimental Plackett-Burman has been used as a screening method to study six factors for the development of materials to adsorbent basis of oil shale Moroccan. The factors have been identified by two levels, To Know temperature (°C), Processing time (min), mass ratio (m precursor/m acid), Pretreatment mixture the precursor with acid, origin of the raw material and type of the activating agent (H2SO4, H3PO4).And it was chosen as a response The maximum quantity of adsorption of the molecule of Methylene blue (Qads in mg/g) and the specific surface measure by the method bet (Sbet in m2/g), The predicted values were in agreement with the experimental values with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98. The model has been validated by experiments subsequent to optimized conditions. The experimental data processing by software JMP 7 showed that the processing temperature The report of oil shale on the acid and activation time were the important effect on the maximal capacity of adsorption of methylene blue. The sample prepared at 237 °C during 215 min with pre-processing has a maximal capacity of adsorption equal to 54mg/g according to model of adsorption of Langmuir and SBET equal to 143 m2/g.
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial studies of afzelia africana and detarium microcarpum seeds
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to probe the phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activities of Afzelia africana and Detarium microcarpum seed endosperms. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening indicated that tannins, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenol, steroids, saponins and alkaloids were present. The seed extracts were tested against eight pathogenic organisms comprising of two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria; two fungi and two viruses using Agar and Disc diffusion methods. The plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against all the tested organisms. This investigation therefore, suggests the incorporation of Afzelia africana and Detarium microcarpum seeds into human diets as they are rich in medicinal agents that could trigger great physiological effects. It also authenticates their use as soup thickeners in eastern Nigeria and in the production of snacks.
Adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on bentonite modified with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance and capacities of the bentonite of Maghnia, modified with benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, to remove the organic pollutant 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP). The modified sample was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The best removal rate (99.52%) was obtained at 19°C, pH 4, solution concentration of 50 mg/L, stirring speed of 180 rpm and contact time of 60 min. The results were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the pseudo-second-order is the best model to describe the process.
Characterization of some crude oil samples from Niger delta area of Nigeria using infrared absorption spectrometric technique
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

Crude oil obtained from different locations in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was analyzed by Infrared Absorption Spectrometric technique using Nicolet IS5 Fourier Transform spectrometer to identify the functional groups and compounds in the samples. Results obtained revealed that the amount of surface active components in the crude was in following trend, sample E > sample A > sample C > sample D > sample B, while the level of biodegradability follows the trend; sample E > sample B > sample A > sample C > sample D. Results show that Sample E has the highest amount of surface active components as well as the highest level of biodegradability. Sample B has the least amount of surface active components, while sample D has the least level of biodegradability. The presence of functional groups such as amines, sulfates, isocyanates, hydroxyl, halo compounds, thiols and nitro compounds in the crude increases the surface active properties of the crude due to their polarity and hydrophilicity, which influences the interfacial tension of the crude and the oil recovery efficiency. The level of crude biodegradability is dependent on the amount of aliphatic saturates in the crude, the concentration of acidic components as well as sulphur and nitrogen compounds in the crude. Infrared spectroscopy identifies the functional group in crude samples, this is necessary in knowing the amount of the surface active components and the level of biodegradability of crude oil.
Toxicological symptoms and leachates quality in Elelenwo, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

The toxicological symptoms prevalent and reported in Elelenwo area were taken into consideration and the leachates quality of its notable dumpsites was investigated for possible links. In situ measurements were made and standard procedures followed for analyses of lead, cadmium and nickel as well as other physicochemical load of the leachates. The results obtained were compared with various guidelines set by some notable regulatory bodies. The outcome showed more than 100 folds toxicity levels above the various benchmarks especially for lead, cadmium and nickel. These dumpsites as a result are environmental hotspots for pollution distribution to nearby surface waters, air and wastewaters bodies as well as the ground water. There is a strong link between reported toxicological symptoms among inhabitants of Elelenwo and Leachates toxicity from these dumpsites and there is emergency need for clean-up action by appropriate authorities.
Effect of solvent on antioxidant activity of crude extracts of Otostegia integrifolia leave
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

Antioxidants present in herbs and spices could be an effective tool to prevent the non-communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes and myocardial infarction as they have the capacity to stabilize the free radicals which are one of the causative factors of these diseases. Traditional plants have a potential to use as antioxidant activities. Otostegia integrifolia, more commonly known as Abyssinian rose, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is endemic plant in Ethiopia, it is one of the plants used in traditional medicine in the country. This study aims to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the plant leave extracts of Otostegia integrifolia. The results indicated that all tested extracts showed antioxidant activities. Ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed between 336.58 ± 0.052 mgAAE/100 g extract (90 % methanol) to 172.94 ± 0.032 mgAAE/100 g (petroleum ether) and peroxide value (POV) showed from 19.8 meq/kg (90% methanol) to 379 meq/kg (defatted with petroleum ether) at 70oC. PV also varied from 3.1 meq/kg (90% methanol) to 119 meq/kg (defatted with petroleum ether) at room temperature (23oC).
Diverse chemical and biological potentials of various pyridazine and pyridazinone derivatives
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

A series of heterocyclic compounds incorporating pyridazine moiety were for diverse biological activities. Pyridazines and pyridazinones derivatives showed wide spectrum of biological activities such as vasodialator, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-feedant, herbicidal, and various other biological, agrochemical and industrial chemical activities. The results illustrated that the synthesized pyridazine/pyridazine compounds have diverse and significant biological activities. Mechanistic insights into the biological properties of pyridazinone derivatives and various synthetic techniques used for their synthesis are also described.
Comparative study of the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two guava (Psidium guajava) fruit varieties cultivated in Andasa Horticulture Site, Ethiopia
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the levels of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential as well as antibacterial activity of the two varieties of guava (Psidium guajava) fruit collected from Andasa horticulture site, Ethiopia. The antioxidant potential for guava fruit extracts was assessed using different in-vitro antioxidant assays, namely reducing power, Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) assay and aluminum chloride methods. Overall, the white flesh guava fruit exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC and reducing power than the pink flesh guava. The mg/100g of AEAC (FRAP assay), AEAC (PMA), GAE and QE of pink and white flesh guava fruits determined in this study were 125.73, 260.28, 262.78, 377.18, 21.25, 24.61, 7.05 and 22.10, respectively. Antibacterial property of the two guava fruit variety extracts was evaluated against three gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria using agar well diffusion technique. Ethanol extracts from both pink and white flesh guava exhibited antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 29.50 to 30.33 and 24.33 to 29.33 mm respectively. On the other hand, only the chloroform extract from pink flesh guava showed poor antibacterial activity against MRSA and Shigella pathogens among the five tested organisms and the zone of inhibition measured was 11 and 10 mm respectively.
Atmospheric deposition: Effects on sculptures
Authors: Int Chem
Published: June 2019

Public concern over the deleterious effects of atmospheric deposition (AD) has grown rapidly due to its adverse effects (teratogenicity, toxicity, and carcinogenicity) to human, animals, and materials. The aim of this review is to describe the effect of the AD on sculptures, measures for its reduction, and case studies on maintenances of sculptures against the AD. To this end, a step-by-step review is outlined to discuss the harmful effect of AD contamination on many important sculptures. The review paper is also extended to describe preventive steps to reduce AD on sculptures to help reduce the risks associated with AD.
Bond-based peridynamics: A tale of two Poisson's ratios
Authors: Trageser Jeremy , Seleson Pablo
Published: June 2019

This paper explores the restrictions imposed by bond-based peridynamics, particularly with respect to plane strain and plane stress models. We begin with a review of the derivations in [2] wherein for isotropic materials a Poisson's ratio restriction of 1/4 for plane strain and 1/3 for plane stress is deduced. Next, we show Cauchy's relations are an intrinsic limitation of bond-based peridynamics and specialize this result to plane strain and plane stress models, generalizing the results of [2] and demonstrating the Poisson's ratio restrictions in [2] are simply a consequence of Cauchy's relations. We conclude with a discussion of the validity of peridynamic plane strain and plane stress models formulated from two-dimensional bond-based peridynamic models.
The Game Theory of Politeness in Language: A Formal Model of Polite Requests
Authors: Muehlenbernd Roland , Zywiczynski Przemyslaw , Wacewicz Sławomir
Published: June 2019

Linguistic Politeness (LP) is a fascinating domain of language, as it directly interfaces with human social behavior. Here, we show how game theory, as a higher-order theory of behavior, can provide the tools to understand and model LP phenomena. We show this for the specific case of requests, where the magnitude of request and the resultant Rate of Imposition are subsumed under a more powerful explanatory principle: alignment of interests. We put forward the Politeness Equilibrium Principle (PEP), whereby the more disalignment there is between the interests of Speaker and Hearer, the more LP Speaker needs to offset the imbalance. In the second part of our paper, we flesh out our ideas by means of a formal model inspired by evolutionary signaling theory, and provide a mathematical proof showing that the model follows the PEP. We see this work as an important first step in the direction of reconciling theories of language with signaling theory, by incorporating language into more general models of communication.
Threat, Anti-Western Hostility and Violence among European Muslims: The Mediating Role of Acculturation
Authors: Tahir Hajra , Kunst Jonas R. , Sam David Lackland
Published: June 2019

In many Western countries, the public has extensively debated factors potentially leading Muslim minority-group members to support violence by foreign extremist states or to commit violence themselves. Here, one central question has been whether their acculturation orientations may play a role. Combining perspectives from integrated threat theory and acculturation psychology, the present study investigated whether one reason for why threat perceptions lead to higher violent behavioral intentions among Muslims, as evidence by previous research, may be that they are related to distinct acculturation orientations. It tested this proposition in two samples comprising of Norwegian (N = 253) and British Muslims (N = 194). The more Norwegian Muslims perceived realistic threat, the more violent behavioral intentions they showed, but this relation was not mediated by acculturation. Among British Muslims, mainstream acculturation orientation was related to more violent intentions, while threat was not. In both samples, symbolic threat was associated with more support for Muslim military violence and this relationship was mediated by religious acculturation in the U.K. In contrast to previous research, symbolic threat was linked with less personal intentions to commit violence in the U.K., mediated by religious acculturation. Complementary analyses calculating acculturation strategies indicated that assimilated, and to some extend integrated, Muslims in both countries tended to show the highest violent behavioral intentions. By contrast, separated individual showed the highest level of support for Muslim military violence. Ways in which these findings can be used to counter violence and improve intergroup relations in Western ethnically diverse societies are discussed.
A Coding of Social Class for the General Social Survey
Authors: Morgan Stephen L.
Published: June 2019

This report provides a coding of EGP social classes that can be implemented for data sources, such as the General Social Survey, that utilize the 2010 US Census occupational classification. The report explains the rationale for the coding as well as the specific coding decisions. It demonstrates how to implement the coding for the General Social Survey, and it presents a comparison of EGP social classes in both the GSS and the American Community Survey.
A Cognitive Study of Metaphors in the Glorious Qur’an: From a Linguistic to a Conceptual Approach
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , AlAjmi Mashael
Published: June 2019

The current study investigates the use of conceptual metaphors in the glorious Qur’an, focusing on four abstract concepts represented in the Qur’an through metaphors. These concepts are REWARD, HUMILITY, HYPOCRISY, and ARROGANCE, which recur in many positions in the Qur’an. The researcher takes up selected Qur’anic verses that carry these abstract concepts and analyzes them at two levels: linguistic and conceptual. The study’s main theoretical contribution is to show how a linguistic approach can be transformed into a conceptual one and how this enriches our understanding of abstraction. The linguistic analysis of the verses is supported by translations of Qur’anic meanings, interpretation of the verses, and cultivating the use of Arabic and English dictionaries. To perform the cognitive analysis, the researcher uses Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which examines metaphor from two domains: the target domain, which is the abstract concept to be explained and the source domain, which is the mental mapping that helps us understand that abstract concept. The study finds that metaphors in the Qur’an are meant to be understood not only linguistically but conceptually too. It concludes by emphasizing the significance of a conceptual approach to the study of metaphor in the Qur’an not only for conceptual metaphor theory but also for the interpretation of the Qur’an and for Arabic linguistics.
Domestication Versus Foreignization: The case of translating Al-Sanea’s Girls of Riyadh into English
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Alwafai Salwa
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to shed more insights onto the relationship between ideology and literary translation through analyzing and exposing scandalous stories of girls of Riyadh in Al-Sanea’s novel (2005) and its English translation (2007). It tackles how the idea of over-domestication could manipulate the source text and sometimes change its core message for commercial and ideological reasons. It addresses the following question: how (un)faithful is the published English translation of Al-Sanea’s Girls of Riyadh to the original Arabic text in terms of evoking the same conceptual frames and maintaining the same lexico-grammatical relations. A frame-based cognitive analysis is used as the methodology of the study. Results show that the author, publisher, translator and pro-translator scholars enacted disgraceful situations which can be attributed to subjective desirability.
Translating English Existential 'there' Sentences into Arabic: A Text-based Analysis
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Said Irfan
Published: June 2019

English existential 'there' lacks equivalent in many languages, yet it has attracted the attention of linguists working within contrastive linguistics and translation studies. The aim of the present paper is to investigate how translators deal with English 'there' sentences in two translated Arabic texts. The method adopted in the study is a descriptive-analytic one. In Arabic the words 'hunaaka' and 'tammata' are usually used to render English 'there' ; however, the data of the study show that in many cases translators avoid using these two words. The flexibility of word order in Arabic , in addition to the use of full lexical verbs , more frequently than English does in 'there' sentences , help to translate these sentences adequately into Arabic. It is also found that syntactic restrictions are not the only reason for the fact that many 'there' sentences are not translated using 'hunaaka' and ' tammata'; the discourse and stylistic levels, play a role in the translator's decision to use other means. In some cases, the use of 'hunaaka /tammata' is shown to be optional and in other cases to be obligatory, unless an alternative construction is produced. Major translational changes affecting the information structure of the texts, are not found in the target language.
Using the SCAMPER Model to DevelopTranslation Skills for Major Students in the Faculty of Education, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Tharwa Fatma Farid Fakhry
Published: June 2019

This paper aims at identifying the effectiveness of using the SCAMPER model in developing translation and raising the attitudes towards adaptation among major students in the faculty of education, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. It tries to answer the following questions: To what extent would using the SCAMPER model raise translation skills among major students in the faculty of education – Majmaah University .the the second question is To what extent would using SCAMPER model raise the attitudes towards translation among major students.To accomplish the purpose of the study, the researcher showed the experimental group with a sample involved (40) students for the SCAMPER Model in the first term of the school year 2018-2019. The researcher used (pre -post & delayed) translation test, a scale of students' attitudes towards translation to collect data. The study's results suggested that there were statistically important differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the whole mean grade in the pre post translation test to the group in favor of posttest. Also, there were statistically important differences at (α ≤ 0.05) in the whole mean grade in the pre-post scale of students attitudes towards translation to the group in favor of post implication. Also, the researcher recognized these differences in using the SCAMPER Model in teaching English language translation. In light of these outcomes, the study suggested the necessity of applying the SCAMPER Model in teaching the English language to get better results in students’ translation learning and retention in English as a foreign language. Similarly, the SCAMPER Model would be used with other English skills and sub-skills.
Scuba Diving and Sensing the Deep
Authors: Forster Peter , Hockey John
Published: June 2019

Research into the sensuous practices which constitute the phenomenological foundations of sporting experience has been relatively underdeveloped. This paper seeks to address this state of affairs by portraying the sensory activity involved in doing scuba diving. Drawing on the work of Bourdieu and Crossley and using data from interviews with an expert scuba diving instructor, the paper details a spectrum of sensuous activity encompassing moving, touching, listening and hearing in the underwater environment. The paper concludes with a call for the development of sensory studies across the spectrum of sporting activity so as to provide a more adequate foundational link to theorising about sport.
Making it count. An inferentialist account of computer simulation
Authors: Kuorikoski Jaakko , Reijula Samuli
Published: June 2019

The dual problems of how an idealized model can represent and provide information about its target have become a central topic of in the philosophy of science. We argue that several current views are misguided in assuming that the epistemology of modeling and simulation must build on a philosophical theory of the representation relation (e.g. isomorphism, similarity). We extend Robert Brandom’s inferentialist account of meaning into scientific representation to argue that representational language is explicatory, not explanatory, in nature. We provide a broader philosophical rationale for inferential accounts of scientific representation, and an epistemologically modest account of the role of models in terms of inferential scorekeeping. We apply these views to the contested case of computer simulations to argue that, although the praxis of simulation modeling resembles that of scientific experimentation, simulations alone cannot lead to genuinely novel discoveries about the world, as they are merely tools for keeping our reasoning straight.
Comparative social policy in contemporary Latin America: Concepts, theories and a research agenda
Authors: Cruz-Martinez Gibran
Published: June 2019

This is the introductory chapter of the book Welfare and Social Protection in Contemporary Latin America. The purpose of the book is threefold: (i) to present a historical and theoretical analysis of social protection systems and welfare regimes in contemporary Latin America; (ii) to discuss the politics of contemporary social protection and how national/global actors and institutions shape social policy in the region; and (iii) to examine several debates on social protection and welfare systems in contemporary Latin America. The chapter presents state-of-the-art research in the areas of social policy and welfare that is examined in each of the three parts of the book. What do we know about welfare regimes in Latin America? What do we know about the role of (f)actors shaping social protection development and inclusion? What do we know about recent debates regarding social protection and welfare in Latin America? Particular attention is paid to the contribution made by chapters in this edited volume to the social policy literature. The chapter finishes with a description of the content and results of each chapter in this edited volume.
Pattern of Illnesses among the Tribal Communities of Jumla, Nepal: Hospital Based Study
Authors: Pal A , Paudel S
Published: June 2019

Available with full text.
Profile of paediatric Admission in Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS), Jumla
Authors: Kayastha Niranjana
Published: June 2019

Available with full text.
Rural General Surgical Care in a Remote Area of Nepal: Our Experience at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla
Authors: Devkota Harihar
Published: June 2019

Available with full text.
Orthopedics Service at a Rural Setup
Authors: Rokaya P K
Published: June 2019

Not available.
Health care in Dolpa: New era of Trust and Hope
Authors: Samal A M
Published: June 2019

Not available.
A case of Fournire’s Gangrene reconstructed by Anteriomedial Fasciocutaneous thigh Flap in Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla
Authors: Neupane M , Devkota H , Menyangbo S , Paudel S
Published: June 2019

Not available.
Challenges in management of eclampsia in high altitude and remote place of Nepal: a case report
Authors: Bhattarai R
Published: June 2019

Not Available.
The Effect of Loading during Martensitic Transformation of a Maraging Steel after Prior Austenite Grain Size Refinement by Thermal Cycling
Authors: Petersmann M. , Antretter T. , Sannikov A. , Sartory B. , Ehlenbröker U.
Published: June 2019

This work demonstrates the efficiency of microstructural tuning by external loading during the martensitic phase transformation of a 12Cr-9Ni-2Mo-0.7Al-0.35Ti maraging steel. Additional prior austenite grain size refinement is achieved by thermal cycling yielding industrially relevant grain sizes, for which not the full set of all 24 characteristic Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relation variants of martensite is obtained within each grain. For the last thermal cycle three different cases are investigated: i) one specimen is annealed at a higher temperature before the last cooling, ii) one specimen is loaded with a tensile stress of 120 MPa and iii) one specimen with an equivalent 120 MPa Mises stress in torsion during the transformation. This study is one of the first combining the effects of a small grain size, a high dislocation density and external loadings. Orientation imaging microscopy data is presented, revealing the effect of loading type during transformation on the final texture and interface/boundary character.