bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grey power and the Economy: Aging and Inflation Across Advanced Economies
Authors: Vlandas Tim
Published: June 2017

What explains the cross-national variation in inflation rates across countries? In contrast to most literature, which emphasizes the role of ideas and institutions, this article focuses on electoral politics and argues that aging leads to lower inflation rates. Countries with a larger share of elderly exhibit lower inflation because older people are both more inflation averse and politically powerful, forcing parties seeking their votes to pursue lower inflation. Logistic regression analysis of survey data confirms that older people are more inflation averse and more likely to punish incumbents at the ballot box for inflation. Panel data regression analysis shows that social democratic parties have more economically orthodox manifestos in European countries with more elderly people, and that the share of elderly is negatively correlated with inflation in both a sample of 21 advanced economies and a larger sample of 175 countries. Aging therefore pushes governments to pursue lower inflation.
Ecological Identity: The Development and Assessment of a Measurement Scale
Authors: Walton Tobin N. , Jones Robert Emmet
Published: June 2017

Social scientists have increasingly turned their attention to the conceptualization and measurement of different facets of the self to better understand public concern for the environment. Despite significant progress in this area, theoretical and methodological issues remain that could impede further progress. This article addresses several of these issues by providing a conceptual framework that integrates key features from two major theories used to understand self-environment relations. The framework is then utilized within a multimethod research design that emphasized theoretical and methodological correspondence and precision to develop and assess a measure of ecological identity. The results provide solid evidence of the reliability and validity of the Ecological Identity Scale and the utility of the conceptual framework designed to support it. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that ecological identity influences a wide range of environmental behaviors both directly and indirectly via worldviews and social values. Recommendations for future research are offered.
Good Intents, but Low Impacts: Diverging Importance of Motivational and Socioeconomic Determinants Explaining Pro-Environmental Behavior, Energy Use, and Carbon Footprint
Authors: Moser Stephanie , Kleinhückelkotten Silke
Published: June 2017

Earlier research has yielded contradictory results as to the main drivers of environmentally significant behavior. Intent-oriented research has stressed the importance of motivational aspects, while impact-oriented research has drawn attention to people’s socioeconomic status. In this study, we investigated the diverging role of a pro-environmental stance under these two research perspectives. Data from a German survey ( N = 1,012) enabled assessment of per capita energy use, and individual carbon footprints (impact-related measures), pro-environmental behavior (an intent-related measure), and behavior indicators varying in environmental impact and intent. Regression analyses revealed people’s environmental self-identity to be the main predictor of pro-environmental behavior; however, environmental self-identity played an ambiguous role in predicting actual environmental impacts. Instead, environmental impacts were best predicted by people’s income level. Our results show that individuals with high pro-environmental self-identity intend to behave in an ecologically responsible way, but they typically emphasize actions that have relatively small ecological benefits.
Using a narrative to spark safer sex communication
Authors: Donné Lennie , Hoeks John , Jansen Carel
Published: June 2017

Objective:

College students are a group at risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While they are generally well informed about STIs, they do not consistently use condoms. An important element in preventing STIs is safer sex communication, especially with a sexual partner. This may be difficult, however, because of a lack of experience in talking about safer sex or because of the absence of suitable role models. In this study, a narrative intervention was tested that was developed to provide receivers with a social script for safer sex communication.

Design:

An experiment was conducted among college students ( N = 225) who were exposed to either a narrative intervention or a non-narrative (brochure) intervention, followed by a post-test questionnaire. In the narrative condition, part of the participants completed a pre-test questionnaire before being exposed to the intervention.

Results:

Compared to pre-test scores, the narrative positively influenced safer sex communication intentions. The results show no significant differences between post-test scores of the narrative and the non-narrative condition. Mediation analyses showed that narrative processes (identification and transportation) were positively related to safer sex communication.

Conclusion:

In this study, we investigated both the effects of a narrative intervention on safer sex communication intentions, and the mechanisms of narrative processing underlying these effects. The narrative turned out to be as effective as a brochure version with the same information. Our mediation analyses suggest that narratives can be made more persuasive by increasing the reader’s involvement with the story as a whole, and with one of the characters in particular.
Client access to case records in Australian social work
Authors: Yu Nilan
Published: June 2017

This study looked into client access to records – generally referred to as ‘case records’ – pertaining to themselves that social workers routinely maintain in the course of professional practice. An online survey and semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Australian social workers. The study found that while the majority of the participants indicated that they granted their clients access to their case records, this was not necessarily reflected in practice. It is argued that social workers would need to proactively enable client access to their case records if they are to abide by the spirit and intent of the principles they espouse.
Effect of Working Memory Updating Training on Retrieving Symptoms of Children With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Ye Maolin , Chang Lei , Chen Weigang , Zhou Renlai
Published: June 2017

Working memory (WM) deficiency is a primary reason for the poor academic performance of children with learning disabilities (LDs). Studies have shown that the WM of typical children could be improved through training, and WM training contributes to improving their fluid intelligence and academic achievement. However, few studies have investigated WM training for children with LDs, and results have been inconsistent. The present study examined the long-term effects of WM updating training and whether it can mitigate LD symptoms. Fifty-four children with LDs were recruited and divided randomly into a training or control group. The training group underwent adaptive running WM training for 20 days. Before and after training, the 2 groups completed a 2-back task, a digit span task (forward and backward), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test, and a scholastic attainment test (Chinese and math). The tests were repeated 6 months later. The results showed that, as compared with the controls, the training group exhibited significant improvements in the digit backward span task, 2-back task, and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. The math scores of the training group improved significantly by 6 months after the training. The results of this study suggest that WM updating training could mitigate the cognitive deficits of LDs and improve the WM capacity, fluid intelligence, and math scores of children with LDs. Moreover, the training effects could be maintained for at least 6 months.
Theorization and an Empirical Investigation of the Component-Based and Developmental Text Writing Fluency Construct
Authors: Kim Young-Suk Grace , Gatlin Brandy , Al Otaiba Stephanie , Wanzek Jeanne
Published: June 2017

We discuss a component-based, developmental view of text writing fluency, which we tested using data from children in Grades 2 and 3. Text writing fluency was defined as efficiency and automaticity in writing connected texts, which acts as a mediator between text generation (oral language), transcription skills, and writing quality. We hypothesized that in the beginning phase, text writing fluency would be largely constrained by transcription skills (spelling and handwriting), while at a later phase, oral language would make an independent contribution to text writing fluency. Furthermore, we hypothesized that text writing fluency would have a stronger relationship with writing quality at a later phase than at an earlier phase. We operationalized text writing fluency using two curriculum-based measurement writing scores: percentage correct word sequences and correct minus incorrect word sequences. Results revealed that in Grade 2, only transcription skills were uniquely related to text writing fluency, whereas in Grade 3, oral language was also related to text writing fluency. Text writing fluency was weakly related to writing quality in Grade 2 but strongly related to writing quality in Grade 3, over and above oral language and transcription skills. In both grades, oral language and handwriting fluency were independently related to writing quality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Using a co-innovation approach to support innovation and learning: Cross-cutting observations from different settings and emergent issues
Authors: Botha Neels , Turner James A , Fielke Simon , Klerkx Laurens
Published: June 2017

Co-innovation has gained interest in recent years as an approach to tackle issues in agriculture and natural resource management. Co-innovation requires new roles for researchers supporting these processes and enabling settings in the programs they work in and the organizations they pertain to. The contributions to this special issue explore experiences with co-innovation in different settings from different angles. The special issue presents several studies on co-innovation in a large program in New Zealand, a study based on an EU Horizon 2020 project in the Czech Republic, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom as well as co-innovation experiences from Uruguay and Tanzania. Cross-cutting findings and emergent issues include (i) the need to consider the issue of simultaneously scaling both co-innovation project results and the co-innovation practice, (ii) the issue of flexibility in pace of co-innovation to allow different participants to converge and the flexibility in learning space needed to enable reflection, (iii) the issue of changing the dominant logics of the innovation systems in which co-innovation is embedded and (iv) the need for reflexive monitoring to support processes of co-innovation and their institutional embedding.
Co-innovation in family-farming livestock systems in Rocha, Uruguay: A 3-year learning process
Authors: Albicette María M , Leoni Carolina , Ruggia Andrea , Scarlato Santiago , Blumetto Oscar , Albín Alfredo , Aguerre Verónica
Published: June 2017

There are opportunities to improve livestock family farms (LFFs) sustainability in Uruguay by using the co-innovation approach to change management practices and incorporate technologies. To harness these opportunities, between 2012 and 2015, a research project was implemented in Eastern Uruguay, where three simultaneous processes occurred at three levels: farm, region, and research team. At farm level, the work was carried out in seven LFF as case studies following three steps: (i) characterization and diagnosis; (ii) redesign; and (iii) implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. At the regional level, a participatory approach to planning, monitoring, and evaluating the project’s progress with regional stakeholders was adopted. At the team level, a Participatory Action Research approach was used. Consensus on the objectives and methods allowed for combined knowledge to solve practice-oriented problems. The 3-year project demonstrated the effectiveness in improving LFF sustainability, opened a learning space with stakeholders, and utilized a co-innovation model to improve rural development outcomes.
Hitting the bullseye: Learning to become a reflexive monitor in New Zealand
Authors: Fielke Simon , Nelson Tracy , Blackett Paula , Bewsell Denise , Bayne Karen , Park Nicola , Rijswijk Kelly , Small Bruce
Published: June 2017

Reflexive monitors (RMs) have been found to be vital to the success of co-innovation projects. While the practices utilized by RMs have been examined in various contexts, we examine the roles they have played in a new cultural context in New Zealand (NZ) and how it has been possible to embed these roles in a diverse range of innovation projects in the primary sector. This article will address this gap in terms of explaining the case-specific behaviours that have been utilized in six different co-innovation projects in the NZ agricultural innovation system. Qualitative data from interviews with five RMs will be used to argue that RMs are a key component in the co-innovation process and are required to play diverse roles depending on project circumstances to enhance system innovation – for example, devil’s advocate, project supporter, consensus seeker, conflict mediator, critical enquirer or encourager. The findings have implications for the characteristics that make a good RM in terms of openness to new ideas, facilitation and critical thinking skills and how they report on the practice of monitoring a project reflexively utilizing monitoring and evaluation techniques.
Political Authority and the Common Good
Authors: Duke George
Published: June 2017

This article argues that the natural law common good is the best candidate value to ground a direct justification of political authority. The common good is better placed than rival values to ground a direct justification for three related reasons. First, the common good is the right kind of value to serve in a justification of political authority insofar as it is a reason for action which provides a convincing answer to the fundamental question ‘why have authority at all?’ Second, the common good allows for a justification of political authority that pertains to a complete political community rather than subjects taken individually. Third, the common good allows for a reconciliation of two apparently conflicting features of political authority: (1) its ultimate role is to promote the good of individuals and (2) it can require the subordination of the good of the individual to the good of the community.
Anger, Anxiety and Corruption Perceptions: Evidence from France
Authors: Birch Sarah , Allen Nicholas J , Sarmiento-Mirwaldt Katja
Published: June 2017

This article assesses the roles of anxiety and anger in shaping people’s perceptions of politicians’ integrity. Drawing on recent work on the role of affect in shaping political judgement, the article develops a theoretical model of the anticipated role of anger and anxiety in structuring reactions to allegations of political misconduct. The model is tested on a unique data set that includes results of an experiment fielded as part of a survey carried out in January 2013 among a representative sample of the French adult population. The analysis finds that those in whom politically dubious actions generate anxiety are more sensitive to contextual details than other respondents, although the role of anger in modulating ethical judgements is less clear-cut, dampening attention to information about negatively assessed behaviour but enhancing attention to information about behaviour that is assessed more positively.
What is Wrong with Testing Welfare Recipients for Drug Use?
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Cristian
Published: June 2017

Is mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients morally justifiable? This article argues that none of the three justifications typically offered in support of drug testing—that is, paternalist, contractualist, and harm-based justifications—are normatively persuasive. On the one hand, I claim that these normative justifications do not warrant the violation of welfare recipients’ privacy. That is, I argue that they fail to make the case that the benefits of drug testing outweigh its costs in terms of welfare recipients’ privacy. On the other hand, I argue that even if we accept any of these normative justifications for drug testing, current background conditions in the US make the implementation of this policy unfair in practice. First, the enforcement of drug testing can strengthen existing injustices. Second, under current circumstances, drug testing policies are likely to engender moral obligations which cannot be fulfilled.
Data modeling versus simulation modeling in the big data era: case study of a greenhouse control system
Authors: Kim Byeong Soo , Kang Bong Gu , Choi Seon Han , Kim Tag Gon
Published: June 2017

Recently, big data has received greater attention in diverse research fields, including medicine, science, engineering, management, defense, politics, and others. Such research uses big data to predict target systems, thereby constructing a model of the system in two ways: data modeling and simulation modeling. Data modeling is a method in which a model represents correlation relationships between one set of data and the other set of data. On the other hand, physics-based simulation modeling (or simply simulation modeling) is a more classical, but more powerful, method in which a model represents causal relationships between a set of controlled inputs and corresponding outputs. This paper (i) clarifies the difference between the two modeling approaches, (ii) explains their advantages and limitations and compares each characteristic, and (iii) presents a complementary cooperation modeling approach. Then, we apply the proposed modeling to develop a greenhouse control system in the real world. Finally, we expect that this modeling approach will be an alternative modeling approach in the big data era.
Agent-based modeling and simulation of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system
Authors: Bora Şebnem , Evren Vedat , Emek Sevcan , Çakırlar Ibrahim
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a model to simulate the behavior of the human cardiovascular system for use in medical education. The proposed model ensures that the output of the system is accurately represented in both equilibrium conditions and imbalance conditions including in the presence of adaptive agents. In this study, field experts develop an agent-based blood vessel model, i.e., a submodel for the stated purpose. In the proposed blood vessel model, vessels are represented by agents whereas blood flow is represented by the interaction between agents. Adaptive behavior shown by vessels in terms of resistance to the blood flow is defined by the agents’ properties, which are used as the basis for calculating and graphically representing the physical parameters of blood flow, specifically blood pressure, blood flow velocity, and the resistance of the vessel. The adaptation of the vessel agents is supported by a case study, which demonstrates the adaptive behavior of the blood vessel agents through a negative feedback control mechanism. The blood vessel model proposed is flexible in nature such that it can be adapted to account for the behavior of the vessel sections in any vascular structure.
Comparative study of ring yarn properties spun with static and rotary grooved contact surfaces
Authors: Yu Hao , Liu Keshuai , Jun Chen , Fu Chiyu , Xia Zhigang , Xu Weilin
Published: June 2017

Spinning with a static contact surface is an energy-saving method to reduce spun yarn hairiness; however, the spun yarn irregularity and tensile properties are deteriorated. To prohibit the deteriorations, this paper introduces a rotary grooved surface contacting ring spinning strand within the yarn formation zone. In theory, the modeling analysis of spinning with contact surface is conducted to reveal the prohibition mechanism of yarn irregularity and tensile property deteriorations for a rotary grooved surface. Theoretical analysis results indicated that groove-yarn surface friction could wrap the concentrated hairs onto yarn stem while block inflowing twists to the spinning strangle zone; the rotary grooved surface could reduce twist blockage and hair wrapping concentrations to better the situation after a comparison with the static grooved surface. Then, two kinds of specially-designed grooved cylinders (one was rotatable while the other was static) were used to validate the theoretical analysis. The experimental results showed that, unlike the static grooved cylinder which significantly deteriorated the original yarn unevenness CVm, the rotary achieved significant hairiness reduction without any significant deterioration of other yarn properties. This might be due to the decreased friction and twist propagation for the rotary grooved cylinder contacting the spinning strand. In this case, spinning with a rotary grooved cylinder was preferably applied in the first step to control ring spun yarn hairiness.
Physicians’ Voices: What Skills and Supports Are Needed for Effective Practice in an Integrated Delivery System? A Case Study of Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Chesluk Benjamin , Tollen Laura , Lewis Joy , DuPont Samantha , Klau Marc H.
Published: June 2017

Payers are demanding that US health care become more accountable and integrated, posing new demands for physicians and the organizations that partner with them. We conducted focus groups with 30 physicians in a large integrated delivery system who had previous experience practicing in less integrated settings and asked about skills they need to succeed in this environment. Physicians identified 3 primary skills: orienting to teams and systems, engaging patients as individuals and as a panel, and integrating cost awareness into practice. Physicians also expressed a high level of trust that the system was designed to help them provide better care. This belief appeared to make the new demands and mental shifts tolerable, even welcome, standing in contrast to research showing widespread physician distrust of their institutional settings. Physicians’ new skills and the system features that promote trust are described in the article and should be a focus for systems transitioning to a more integrated, accountable model.
Changes in Author, Editor, and Reviewer Genders Over 42 Years in Teaching of Psychology
Authors: McCann Lee I. , Ebert Alexandria R. , Timmins Rebecca R. , Thompson Ashley E.
Published: June 2017

The present study examined changes in the genders of authors, first authors, reviewers, and editorial staff over 42 years (1974–2015) in Teaching of Psychology. Over the first 6 years of the journal’s publication, 17.67% of authors and 16.5% of first authors were women, increasing to 57.83% and 44% in the most recent 6 years. From the first 6 years to the most recent 6 years, women as reviewers increased from 9.33% to 37.17% and as editorial staff from 28% to 43.5%, and the number of authors per article increased from 1.52 per article to 2.52. Percentages of women authors, first authors, editorial staff, reviewers, and PhDs earned in psychology by women over time were highly correlated.
Exam Question Sequencing Effects and Context Cues
Authors: Davis Doris Bitler
Published: June 2017

Providing two or more versions of multiple-choice exams has long been a popular strategy for reducing the opportunity for students to engage in academic dishonesty. While the results of studies comparing exam scores under different question-order conditions have been inconclusive, the potential importance of contextual cues to aid student recall and recognition has been a common theme. The current study compares the effect of forward- and random-ordered exam questions on grades in two courses, introductory psychology and principles of learning, with different degrees of interrelatedness among the topics covered. Context cues would presumably be more important in courses with relatively independent chapter topics. No significant differences were noted, highlighting the need for a new framework for understanding factors that affect the reliability of different test versions.
Changing attitudes about spanking using alternative biblical interpretations
Authors: Perrin Robin , Miller-Perrin Cindy , Song Jeongbin
Published: June 2017

Social scientists are generally in agreement that spanking is not an especially effective method of discipline and is associated with a variety of behavioral and mental health problems in children. Interventions that have focused on disseminating this empirical research have met with some success in changing pro-spanking attitudes. However, given the strong connection between conservative Christian religious orientation and pro-spanking attitudes and behaviors, many conservative Christians may not be compelled by the empirical research. The current study examined the effectiveness of two interventions: an empirical research intervention that focused on the empirical evidence of the ineffectiveness and potential harm of spanking, and a religion intervention that provided a progressive interpretation of biblical passages that are sometimes used by Christians to justify spanking. A sample of 121 college students (87% female; 34% male; Mage = 20) attending a private, Christian, liberal arts university were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: 1) Research Only, 2) Research and Religion, and 3) Control. Four weeks prior to the intervention sessions, students completed a demographic form and the Attitudes Toward Spanking (ATS) scale. Following the intervention, students completed the ATS scale a second time. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant Time × Condition interaction for ATS scores, indicating that ATS scores decreased in both the Research Only condition ( Mpre = 40.56, Mpost = 37.03) and the Research and Religion condition ( Mpre = 41.23; Mpost = 33.29) but not the Control condition ( Mpre = 40.17; Mpost = 40.78), F(2, 78) = 10.03, p = .001. Subsequent analyses indicated that ATS scores in both intervention conditions decreased compared to the control condition and that a greater decrease in favorable attitudes toward spanking was observed for the Research and Religion condition compared to the Research Only condition.
Perspectives on parent discipline and child outcomes
Authors: Grusec Joan E. , Danyliuk Tanya , Kil Hali , O’Neill David
Published: June 2017

Effective discipline involves the use of negative consequences, including reasoning as well as modest levels of power assertion, to discourage unacceptable behavior. A brief history of changing views of discipline is presented and recent positions outlined. Successful discipline requires the imposition of clear and consistent rules, autonomy support, perspective-taking, and acceptance rather than rejection of the child. There are different kinds of negative consequences that are evaluated differently by children as well as having different effects on their behavior. In addition, there are individual differences in how children react to a specific form of discipline, and parents need to be aware of what those differences are. Cultural research underlines the fact that the meaning children assign to specific parenting actions is crucial in determining discipline success. When discipline is seen as normative, fair, and a sign of caring its form, within limits, is less important.
Parents’ views of the relevance of a violence prevention program in high, medium, and low human development contexts
Authors: Durrant Joan , Plateau Dominique Pierre , Ateah Christine A. , Holden George W. , Barker Leslie A. , Stewart-Tufescu Ashley , Jones Alysha D. , Ly Gia , Ahmed Rashid
Published: June 2017

Every day, almost one billion children around the world experience violent punishment. Eliminating all violence against children is a key target of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This is a monumental challenge due to the diversity of cultural, economic and social contexts in which children live. Violence-prevention programs developed in wealthy countries cannot be assumed to be transferable to low- and middle-income countries. We assessed the relevance of Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting (PDEP) to 525 parents living in countries with high ( n = 201), medium ( n = 166), or low ( n = 158) Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Indices. The outcome measures were parents’ satisfaction with the program and their perceptions of its impact on their parenting. Across IHDI categories, almost all parents were “mostly” or “very satisfied” with the overall program (98.4%), the PDEP parent book (97.9%), and the program activities (97.8%). Parent satisfaction scores were higher in the Low IHDI category than in the High IHDI category. Across IHDI categories, large majorities of parents perceived PDEP as having positive impacts on their parenting. While parents in the Medium IHDI category had the strongest perceptions of PDEP’s positive impact, more than 90% of parents in the Low IHDI category believed that the program will help them to understand their children’s development and feelings, communicate better with their children, control their anger, and build stronger relationships with their children. PDEP is a promising tool for preventing punitive violence against children across human development contexts.
Severity and justness do not moderate the relation between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes
Authors: Alampay Liane Peña , Godwin Jennifer , Lansford Jennifer E. , Bombi Anna Silvia , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Giunta Laura Di , Dodge Kenneth A. , Malone Patrick S. , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Tapanya Sombat , Tirado Liliana M. Uribe , Zelli Arnaldo , Al-Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario
Published: June 2017

There is strong evidence of a positive association between corporal punishment and negative child outcomes, but previous studies have suggested that the manner in which parents implement corporal punishment moderates the effects of its use. This study investigated whether severity and justness in the use of corporal punishment moderate the associations between frequency of corporal punishment and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. This question was examined using a multicultural sample from eight countries and two waves of data collected one year apart. Interviews were conducted with 998 children aged 7–10 years, and their mothers and fathers, from China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. Mothers and fathers responded to questions on the frequency, severity, and justness of their use of corporal punishment; they also reported on the externalizing and internalizing behavior of their child. Children reported on their aggression. Multigroup path models revealed that across cultural groups, and as reported by mothers and fathers, there is a positive relation between the frequency of corporal punishment and externalizing child behaviors. Mother-reported severity and father-reported justness were associated with child-reported aggression. Neither severity nor justness moderated the relation between frequency of corporal punishment and child problem behavior. The null result suggests that more use of corporal punishment is harmful to children regardless of how it is implemented, but requires further substantiation as the study is unable to definitively conclude that there is no true interaction effect.
Grown Local: Community Attachment and Market Entries in the Franconian Beer Industry
Authors: Cruz Margarita , Beck Nikolaus , Wezel Filippo Carlo
Published: June 2017

Geographic communities are often thought to support new ventures, particularly when newcomers are able to replicate incumbents’ characteristics. This paper elaborates on the conditions under which geographic communities may hinder the action of newcomers. Particular attention is dedicated to the case in which incumbents’ identities build on community traditions and rely on strong connectedness with community inhabitants, as these factors are difficult for newcomers to replicate. We explore this question within the context of market entries in the Franconian microbrewery industry. The results of our empirical analysis confirm that geographic communities exert an unfavorable effect on the entry of new organizations when incumbents are deeply attached to the community. Conversely, when incumbents relate poorly to the community, residential stability within the community displays a positive effect on founding.
Fiction and Organization Studies
Authors: Savage Paul , Cornelissen Joep P. , Franck Henrika
Published: June 2017

The topic of fiction is in itself not new to the domain of organization studies. However, prior research has often separated fiction from the reality of organizations and used fiction metaphorically or as a figurative source to describe and interpret organizations. In this article, we go beyond the classic use of fiction, and suggest that fiction should be a central concern in organization studies. We draw on the philosophy of fiction to offer an alternative account of the nature of fiction and its basic operation. We specifically import Searle’s work on speech acts, Walton’s pretense theory, Iser’s fictionalizing acts, and Ricoeur’s work on narrative fiction to theorize about organizations as fictions. In doing so, we hope that we not only offer an account of the “ontological status” of organizations but also provide a set of theoretical coordinates and lenses through which, separately or together, the notion of organizations as fictions can be approached and understood.
Motivations and Features of Co-Parenting an Infant With Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Pridham Karen , Harrison Tondi M. , McKechnie Anne Chevalier , Brown Roger
Published: June 2017

This study described co-parenting motivations and quality of co-parenting features for parents of infants with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD), including differences over time by illness severity. Existing transcripts of parenting experience at infant age 1 and 12 months for 23 parent couples were analyzed using directed content analysis. Data were quantitized for additional description. Six co-parenting motivations and five co-parenting features were identified. Two co-parenting motivations had not been previously described: Developing the Co-Parenting Relationship and Maintaining the Couple Relationship. Variability in quality of co-parenting features was evident. However, the majority of parents showed high ratings. Motivations and quality of co-parenting features changed over time and were related to illness severity. Our findings increase the understanding of what parents are working on as a couple to parent an infant with CCHD and the quality of this co-parenting. Several questions for further study are presented.
Cooperative CO2 adsorption promotes high CO2 adsorption density over wide optimal nanopore range
Authors: Chen Lei , Watanabe Takumi , Kanoh Hirofumi , Hata Kenji , Ohba Tomonori
Published: June 2017

Separation of CO2 based on adsorption, absorption, and membrane techniques is a crucial technology necessary to address current global warming issues. Porous media are essential for all these approaches and understanding the nature of the porous structure is important for achieving highly efficient CO2 adsorption. Porous carbon is considered to be a suitable porous media for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of CO2 adsorption, because of its simple morphology and its availability in a wide range of well-defined pore sizes. In this study, we investigated the dependence of CO2 adsorption on pore structures such as pore size, volume, and specific surface area. We also studied slit-shaped and cylindrical pore morphologies based on activated carbon fibers of 0.6–1.7 nm and carbon nanotubes of 1–5 nm, respectively, with relatively uniform structures. Porous media with larger specific surface areas gave higher CO2 adsorption densities than those of media having larger pore volumes. Narrower pores gave higher adsorption densities because of deep adsorption potential wells. However, at a higher pressure CO2 adsorption densities increased again in nanopores including micropores and small mesopores. The optimal pore size ranges of CO2 adsorption in the slit-shaped and cylindrical carbon pores were 0.4–1.2 and 1.0–2.0 nm, respectively, although a high adsorption density was only expected for the narrow carbon nanopores from adsorption potentials. The wider nanopore ranges than expected nanopore ranges are reasonable when considering intermolecular interactions in addition to CO2–carbon pore interactions. Therefore, cooperative adsorption among CO2 in relatively narrow nanopores can allow for high density and high capacity adsorption.
Synthesis and evaluation of a novel monomeric amine as sodium montmorillonite swelling inhibitor
Authors: Du Weichao , Pu Xiaolin , Sun Jinsheng , Luo Xiao , Zhang Yanna , Li Lu
Published: June 2017

A novel monomeric amine sodium montmorillonite swelling inhibitor: N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide was obtained from diethanolamine, 1-bromotetradecane, and 1, 2-dibromoethane. N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, linear swelling tests, particle size distribution tests, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric. Linear swelling tests showed that the swelling height of sodium montmorillonite in 1.0 wt% N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide solution was only 2.0 mm after 16 h (fresh water was 5.0 mm). Particle size distribution tests exhibited that the median diameter and mean particle size of sodium montmorillonite in 1.0 wt% N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide solution obviously increased to 16.1 and 85.4 µm, respectively (fresh water was 8.1 and 21.8 µm). In thermogravimetric tests, in comparison with pure sodium montmorillonite, the decrease of water content in sodium montmorillonite/ N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide indicated N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide expelled the water molecules out of the interlayer, which was beneficial to wellbore stability. Fourier transform infrared spectra of certain concentration N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide/sodium montmorillonite indicated the successful physical adsorption and interaction between N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide with sodium montmorillonite. In addition, the results of X-ray diffraction tests showed the obtained 1.0 wt% N1, N2-ditetradecy- N1, N1, N2, N2-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethane-1,2-diaminium bromide solution could remarkably reduce the interlayer distance of wet sodium montmorillonite (from 1.94 to 1.37 nm).
Examination of current adsorption models for Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption onto Fe3O4@Mg2Al-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxide in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhao Ling-Xi , Jiang Ming-Chao , Luan Ling-Yu , Li Qing , Zhang Jing
Published: June 2017

The adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) onto Fe3O4@Mg2Al-NO3 Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) as a function of Fe3O4@Mg2Al-NO3 LDH concentration was studied. An adsorbent concentration effect ( Cs effect), namely adsorption isotherm declines as adsorbent concentration ( Cs) increases, was observed. The experimental data were fitted to the adsorption models including the classic Freundlich model, the metastable-equilibrium adsorption theory, the flocculation model, the power function model, and the surface component activity model. The results show that the Freundlich-type metastable-equilibrium adsorption equation, the power function model, and the Freundlich-surface component activity equation can adequately describe the Cs effect observed in the batch adsorption tests as all the correlation coefficients ( R2) of the nonlinear plots are higher than 0.96. In other words, their intrinsic parameters simulated from the experimental data are independent of Cs value. It is considered that the Freundlich-surface component activity equation is the best model to describe the Cs effect of the studied adsorption systems by Akaike Information Criterion evaluation criterion.
Wound complications after common femoral vein endophlebectomy: Influence on outcome
Authors: Gombert Alexander , Barbati Mohammad E , Grommes Jochen , Kurstjens Ralph LM , deWolf Mark AF , Wittens Cees HA , Jalaie Houman
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Venous recanalization of obstructed femoral and iliac veins is associated with good results regarding the feasibility and patency rate. If the common femoral vein with its inflow vessels is involved, open surgical desobliteration or endophlebectomy has been described as a crucial part of the intervention. However, when performing the hybrid procedure, a number of specific complications have been described. We present our results after venous recanalization including an endophlebectomy, focussing on wound complications and its impact on outcome.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis of prospective recorded data of all patients who underwent a hybrid procedure for chronic obstruction of iliofemoral veins between 2010 and 2015 was performed. The patients were treated by recanalization of the affected veins combined with endophlebectomy of the common femoral vein and arteriovenous fistula implantation. Data assessment focussed on complications and patency rates.

Results

This study includes 96 patients, thereof 58 females with a mean age of 44.1 years. The mean procedure time was 344 ± 140 min (range 124–663). Median follow-up time was 12.5 months (2–33 months). Primary patency was 62.5% and secondary patency was 90%. Re-intervention due to early occlusion within the first 30 post-intervention days was necessary in 37.5% of all cases. Besides bleeding complications, wound complications, mainly classified as Szilagyi I, occurred in 33% of all patients. A multivariate analysis showed a significant impact of wound complications on primary as well as secondary patency rate ( p = 0.032, respectively 0.015).

Conclusion

Recanalization of obstructed iliac veins and/or the inferior vena cava combined with endophlebectomy of the common femoral vein and arteriovenous fistula implantation is a safe and feasible treatment option in the post-thrombotic syndrome. As wound complications are a common and associated with a significant impact on patency rate, further attempts to improve the procedure are crucial.
Advances in arterial spin labelling MRI methods for measuring perfusion and collateral flow
Authors: van Osch Matthias JP , Teeuwisse Wouter M , Chen Zhensen , Suzuki Yuriko , Helle Michael , Schmid Sophie
Published: June 2017

With the publication in 2015 of the consensus statement by the perfusion study group of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) and the EU-COST action ‘ASL in dementia’ on the implementation of arterial spin labelling MRI (ASL) in a clinical setting, the development of ASL can be considered to have become mature and ready for clinical prime-time. In this review article new developments and remaining issues will be discussed, especially focusing on quantification of ASL as well as on new technological developments of ASL for perfusion imaging and flow territory mapping. Uncertainty of the achieved labelling efficiency in pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) as well as the presence of arterial transit time artefacts, can be considered the main remaining challenges for the use of quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) values. New developments in ASL centre around time-efficient acquisition of dynamic ASL-images by means of time-encoded pCASL and diversification of information content, for example by combined 4D-angiography with perfusion imaging. Current vessel-encoded and super-selective pCASL-methodology have developed into easily applied flow-territory mapping methods providing relevant clinical information with highly similar information content as digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the current clinical standard. Both approaches seem therefore to be ready for clinical use.
Reconstruction of input functions from a dynamic PET image with sequential administration of 15O2 and H215O for noninvasive and ultra-rapid measurement of CBF, OEF, and CMRO2
Authors: Kudomi Nobuyuki , Maeda Yukito , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Yuka , Hatakeyama Tetsuhiro , Nishiyama Yoshihiro
Published: June 2017

CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 images can be quantitatively assessed using PET. Their image calculation requires arterial input functions, which require invasive procedure. The aim of the present study was to develop a non-invasive approach with image-derived input functions (IDIFs) using an image from an ultra-rapid O2 and C15O2 protocol. Our technique consists of using a formula to express the input using tissue curve with rate constants. For multiple tissue curves, the rate constants were estimated so as to minimize the differences of the inputs using the multiple tissue curves. The estimated rates were used to express the inputs and the mean of the estimated inputs was used as an IDIF. The method was tested in human subjects ( n = 24). The estimated IDIFs were well-reproduced against the measured ones. The difference in the calculated CBF, OEF, and CMRO2 values by the two methods was small (<10%) against the invasive method, and the values showed tight correlations ( r = 0.97). The simulation showed errors associated with the assumed parameters were less than ∼10%. Our results demonstrate that IDIFs can be reconstructed from tissue curves, suggesting the possibility of using a non-invasive technique to assess CBF, OEF, and CMRO2.
Blockade and knock-out of CALHM1 channels attenuate ischemic brain damage
Authors: Cisneros-Mejorado Abraham , Gottlieb Miroslav , Ruiz Asier , Chara Juan C , Pérez-Samartín Alberto , Marambaud Philippe , Matute Carlos
Published: June 2017

Overactivation of purinergic receptors during cerebral ischemia results in a massive release of neurotransmitters, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to the extracellular space which leads to cell death. Some hypothetical pathways of ATP release are large ion channels, such as calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), a membrane ion channel that can permeate ATP. Since this transmitter contributes to postischemic brain damage, we hypothesized that CALHM1 activation may be a relevant target to attenuate stroke injury. Here, we analyzed the contribution of CALHM1 to postanoxic depolarization after ischemia in cultured neurons and in cortical slices. We observed that the onset of postanoxic currents in neurons in those preparations was delayed after its blockade with ruthenium red or silencing of Calhm1 gene by short hairpin RNA, as well as in slices from CALHM1 knockout mice. Subsequently, we used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and found that ruthenium red, a blocker of CALHM1, or the lack of CALHM1, substantially attenuated the motor symptoms and reduced significantly the infarct volume. These results show that CALHM1 channels mediate postanoxic depolarization in neurons and brain damage after ischemia. Therefore, targeting CALHM1 may have a high therapeutic potential for treating brain damage after ischemia.