bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Początki humanizmu w Polsce – problemy z cezurą
Authors: Horeczy Anna
Published: June 2021

Początki humanizmu w Polsce najwcześniej datowane są na pierwsze dekady XV w., najpóźniej na pierwsze dekady XVI stulecia, w zależności od sposobów definiowania tego zjawiska, bazy źródłowej oraz metodologii badawczej. Artykuł omawia problemy związane z ustalaniem początków humanizmu jako ruchu intelektualno-kulturowego oraz z wyborem jego wyznaczników. W tekście zwrócona została uwaga na możliwości i problemy wykorzystania do wyznaczania takiej cezury źródeł innych niż ściśle literackie. W artykule stawiana jest teza, że pierwsze ślady zainteresowań humanistycznych Polaków nie są równoznaczne z początkami humanizmu jako szerszego zjawiska. Z drugiej strony przyjęte zostało założenie, iż początek humanizmu w Polsce nie musi oznaczać objęcia przez niego wszystkich sfer kultury intelektualnej. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że trudno jest wyznaczyć konkretną datę początku humanizmu w Polsce. Cezurę taką należy raczej rozpatrywać w kategoriach przemiany pokoleniowej i można ją umieścić w szerokim przedziale od lat trzydziestych po lata sześćdziesiąte wieku XV.
Wers na pograniczach wersologii
Authors: Pietras Wojciech
Published: June 2021

Dotychczasowe teorie wiersza wolnego wypracowane przez polskich wersologów zakładają, że wers jest podstawową i łatwo uchwytną jednostką kompozycyjną tekstu wierszowanego. Tymczasem w poezji polskiej ostatnich dziesięcioleci wyraźnie zaznacza się tendencja do zakłócania wyrazistości podziału na wersy, a nawet do zupełnej rezygnacji z ugruntowanych w tradycji literackiej mechanizmów delimitacji wierszowej (prozodyjnych, rytmicznych czy graficznych). Z drugiej strony, coraz większe znaczenie zdaje się zyskiwać graficzne ukształtowanie utworów poetyckich, spośród których wiele nie mieści się jednak w teorii tekstu graficznego.

W konsekwencji powstają utwory o niejasnym statusie, sytuujące się na pograniczu wiersza wolnego i prozy. Z uwagi na wspomniane założenie teorie wiersza wolnego zaproponowane przez polskich badaczy wydają się nieprzystosowane do opisu mechanizmów kompozycyjnych w tego typu tekstach. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą rozpoznania wyzwań, które przed wersologią stawiają utwory niedające się w sposób bezdyskusyjny zaklasyfikować ani do wiersza wolnego, ani do prozy. Jednocześnie jest to próba wskazania semantycznych możliwości dostępnych wyłącznie na tak rozumianym obszarze pogranicznym.
Słowacka post-przeszłość po 1918 roku. Kilka uwag wstępnych
Authors: Bystrzak Magdalena
Published: June 2021

Cezurę roku 1918 w historii słowackiej kultury i literatury zwyczajowo ustalają względy polityczno-historyczne, związane z powstaniem Pierwszej Republiki Czechosłowackiej. Zmiana polityczna nie przekłada się od razu na kondycję społeczeństwa i kultury – w słowackiej kulturze międzywojnia nadal istnieją ślady przeszłości, które znacząco wpływają na słowacką rzeczywistość po 1918 roku. Powyższą tezę rozwija między innymi publicystyka społeczno-kulturalna Michala Chorvátha, Alexandra Matuški i Alžbety Göllnerovej-Gwerkovej z lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Artykuł podsumowuje ich diagnozy i skupia się na obecności przeszłości w rzeczywistości społeczno-kulturalnej słowackiego międzywojnia.
W poprzek gatunków. O potrzebie nowej taksonomii genologicznej dramatu
Authors: Karasińska Marta
Published: June 2021

Kluczową kwestię dla rozważań o literaturze najnowszej stanowi problem aktualności typologii gatunkowej, a zatem także funkcjonalnego wymiaru periodyzacji procesu historycznoliterackiego i związanej z nim cezury. Rodzajem literackim szczególnie podatnym na erozję gatunków okazuje się dramat. Rozpad jego form genologicznych zapoczątkowany na przełomie XIX i XX w. (za sprawą dewaluacji podstawowych, rodzajowych kategorii: dialogu, postaci i fabuły), w latach pięćdziesiątych XX w. wiedzie przez „antydramat” absurdystów ku zrodzonej w latach siedemdziesiątych formule „postdramatu”. Wyznacznikami poetyki „postdramatycznej” okazują się pochodzące z różnych systemów chwyty kompozycyjne, m.in. dominacja ruchomego obrazu, heterogeniczność stylu artystycznego, aliterackość, deformacja. Postdramat staje się kategorią intermedialną, transmedialną i transsystemową, wykraczającą poza genre pisma, sytuującą się na pograniczu tekstu językowego, gatunków telewizyjnych, sztuk wizualnych i mediów cyfrowych.
Juliusz Słowacki − konstruktor przełomów we własnej twórczości. Znaki cezurowania w wierszu „Ostatnie wspomnienie. Do Laury”
Authors: Rzepniewska Anna
Published: June 2021

Artykuł jest interpretacją wiersza Ostatnie wspomnienie. Do Laury Juliusza Słowackiego jako utworu o kryzysie twórczym. Punkt wyjścia do rozważań stanowi obserwacja, że poeta przez całe życie przejawiał silną potrzebę periodyzacji swojej biografii. W świetle tych tendencji interpretowany utwór można uznać za świadectwo jednego z takich zaprojektowanych punktów zwrotnych w jego twórczości. Jest ono subtelniejsze niż bezpośrednie deklaracje innych przełomów zapisywane w dziennikach czy korespondencji, niemniej wymowa wiersza pozwala na wyznaczenie w biografii poety kolejnej cezury. Byłaby to cezura odmienna od tych obecnych w „oficjalnych” biogramach i skłaniająca do poszukiwań początków przemiany mistycznej Słowackiego znacznie wcześniej niż w latach 1842−1843.
„Życie sieroty” Jana Barszczewskiego – czarny romantyzm spoza modelu „antagonizmu wieszczów”
Authors: Ławski Jarosław
Published: June 2021

Autor artykułu przypomina Życie sieroty (1849), zapomniany dramat Jana Barszczewskiego (ok. 1780−1851), polskiego romantyka działającego w Petersburgu, na białoruskich ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej i w Cudnowie na Ukrainie. Barszczewski stworzył oryginalny model nawiązania równocześnie do poetyki Dziadów Adama Mickiewicza i Godziny myśli Juliusza Słowackiego. W mroczną, „czarną” wizję świata wpisał konsekwentnie odwołania do obu poetów romantycznych, unikając jakiegokolwiek antagonizowania, przeciwstawiania jednego wieszcza drugiemu. Jest to zarazem jeden z najwcześniejszych przykładów sięgania w romantyzmie polskim po inspiracje obu autorytetów. Spójność światu przedstawianemu Barszczewskiego zapewnia jego pesymistyczna, mroczna wizja kosmosu, w której jedyną pociechę − ale już w wymiarze pośmiertnym, metafizycznym − niesie religia, rzymski katolicyzm w jego odmianie unickiej.
Progi i mosty. Kod temporalny w historiach literatury
Authors: Paczoska Ewa
Published: June 2021

W badaniach historyków i badaczy dziejów literatury widać w ostatnich dwóch dekadach charakterystyczną nieufność wobec cezur jako wyrazistych kategorii porządkujących, dlatego traktować je warto jako pomocnicze, a nie podstawowe wyznaczniki literackich i kulturowych przemian. W artykule na różnych przykładach dowiedziono, że kategorie temporalne są ściśle związane z literaturą i dynamiką zdarzeń życia literackiego, ale sens ich stosowania zależy od wielu czynników (tak różnych jak poczucie czasowości wpływające na progi pisarskich doświadczeń czy wpływ sieciowej rzeczywistości na zmiany w literaturze). Toteż, zdaniem autorki, wyobrażenie funkcjonalności kategorii granicznych w praktyce historycznoliterackiej najlepiej określa metafora mostu.
Balam Rodrigo: Selected Poems
Authors: Rodrigo Balam , Rueda-Acedo Alicia
Published: June 2021

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Finding Forever: Views on the Past and Present in Mexican Literature
Authors: López Porfirio
Published: June 2021

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Las desconocidas de la Revolución
Authors: Hernández Carla
Published: June 2021

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Culture and Hong Kong in an Existential Crisis: Is ‘One Country, Two Systems’ into a retreat?
Authors:   The Education University of Hong Kong, Cheung Anthony
Published: June 2021

Hong Kong’s political unrest since 2019 led to the imposition of a national security law and the revamping of its electoral system by China’s National People’s Congress. Given a preconceived perspective on communist rule and Beijing’s tightening grip on the city, gloomy views abound about its future. Amid growing anxieties and uncertainties, this article considers what sensible prediction can be made of a post-2020 Hong Kong in a changed context with different conditions and assumptions. Will Hong Kong still thrive as a global city or will it have to be resigned to becoming just another city of China?
What is Our “Homeland?”: Zainichi Korean High School Students on “Homeland Visit” Tours to the DPRK
Authors:   Aichi Prefectural University, Yamamoto Kaori
Published: June 2021

Less Zainichi youth are opting for Chosŏn (i.e. pro-DPRK) schools, partially because of integration into Japanese society and the wider career options that Japanese public education offers. Nevertheless, Chosŏn schools continue to provide universal education in Korean to nurture “proud and proper Koreans.” To this end, Korean schools aim to connect the students to their “homeland”: The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Participant observation of school trips to the DPRK reveals what the “homeland” means to the students and how it relates to the schools’ educational goal. Vis-à-vis the rampant xenophobia in Japan, the schools’ practices carry an urgency that cannot be ignored.
How Much does Empathy Resemble Trust? Trust Radius and Interpersonal Empathy in South Korea
Authors:   University of Texas at Austin, Lee Sumin , Jang Wonho ,   University of Seoul
Published: June 2021

This research attempts to 1) explore trust from a theoretical angle using various perspectives in the social science research literature and 2) reveal the empirical relationship between trust and empathy at the individual level. Although trust and empathy share similar characteristics when considered in the realm of theory, they have typically been probed in distinct disciplines. Hence, there is a need for interdisciplinary perspective that addresses two concepts together. Using the Social Attitude Survey for Korean Society data collected in 2021, this study conducted a correlation and multivariate analysis that examined how much trust and empathy resemble. The results show that trust radius and interpersonal empathy are highly correlated. Also, trust and empathy levels differ from individual to individual in terms of one’s socioeconomic and demographic background. From this comparison, we emphasize the importance of the macro level effect of trust and empathy.
Money or Melancholia? Dropout and Retention Rates in the K-pop Industry
Authors:   Department of Education, Stockholm University, Boman Björn
Published: June 2021

The K-pop music industry is signified by a hyper-competitive training system. The aim was to examine dropout and retention rates among a representative sample of K-pop artists and groups. The dropout rates of 49 K-pop groups and 298 group members (N = 298; F = 130; M = 168), who have been active any time between 2003–2019, were 5.70%. As gender, age and other generic control factors could not explain more than a fraction of retention rates, the author interprets this as partial evidence for melancholia among some dropouts.
Dual Reactivity of the Alkaloid Thebaine and Its Derivatives Towards Acetylenes and the Synthetic Potential Thereof
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Sandulenko I. V.
Published: June 2021

A unique diene moiety of the alkaloid thebaine enables its successful application in the Diels–Alder reaction with ethylene derivatives for producing the adducts that can serve as precursors for a whole class of opioids used in medicine. The interaction of thebaine with acetylenes as an alternative approach to analogous adducts that offers an additional opportunity for their functionalization has received undeservedly little attention. The current review is devoted to these reactions and their synthetic potential.
CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND IMPACT VULNERABILITY STATUS OF IRRIGATION WATER RESOURCES ON RICE AND TOMATO PRODUCTION DOWNSTREAM OF TIGA DAM, NIGERIA
Authors: Adegbehin A. B. , Iguisi E. O. , Yusuf Y. O. , Dauda C. K.
Published: June 2021

The focus of this empirical study is to investigate the trends of some hydro metrological parameters and Impact Vulnerability Status (IVS) of irrigation water resources on rice and tomato production in the downstream of Tiga station. Investigation was conducted using data on rainfall, temperature, evaporation and reservoir water level for 30 years in Tiga station. The data collected was used to show the trend fluctuations of each parameter for the period of study. The rainfall data was also used to analyze the Normalized Rainfall Index (NRI) in order to know periods of surplus, deficit and optimal water availability as against the required water for rice and tomato production. The rainfall pattern and water level showed increasing trend while temperature and evaporation showed a general decrease in trend. The NRI used to investigate the IVS in Tiga station downstream revealed that rice and tomato were not vulnerable to drought and flooding for 18 years while every other years were vulnerable or slightly vulnerable. However, only year 1993 appears to be very wet and highly susceptible to flooding. Findings from focus group revealed that 80% of the farmers reported floods occurrences during rainy season and deficit of water between January and March of each year. In conclusion, the IVS of farmers to climate change revealed periods of deficit, optimal and excess water availability for rice and tomato production and their vulnerability status. It was recommended that the government should strengthen laws and policies relevant in addressing climate change
EVALUATION OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTY AS A DETERMINING FACTOR OF EROSION: A CASE STUDY OF BEHIND NIGERIA INSTITUTE OF LEATHER AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, ZARIA
Authors: Garuba H. S. , Mukhtar M. K. , Ugama G. N. , Jamilu A. , Aliyu M. K. , Yahaya G.
Published: June 2021

Soil Erosion is the detachment, transportation and deposition of soil sediment from one place to another. This has led to loss of lives and infrastructure in many parts of Nigeria. Soil properties play a role in it vulnerability and extent to erosion. This study aims to evaluate selected physical properties as they interact to cause erosion in the study area.  The study was conducted in 2012 in a gully site in relation to its potential to erodibility of gully channel. This was done by collection of various soil samples at different depth followed by laboratory analysis to determine the plastic limit, moisture content and other engineering properties. The Results indicated that the soil samples have Atterberg limit that might be considered low, while liquid limit (LL) ranged from 25 – 30, the plasticity index (PI) ranged from 1 – 5%, which suggested that the soils are slightly plastic. Moisture content was moderate. The soil properties investigated played a major role in exacerbating the gully erosion in the area, therefore, the existing culvert should be redesigned and reconstructed taking appropriate consideration of the underlying soil properties
RESPONSE OF SELECTED TREE SEEDLINGS TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Tanimola Adebowale Adegboyega , Ezeunara E. A.
Published: June 2021

Root-knot nematodes have been implicated in poor growth and death of trees in the nursery and newly established forest plantations. Cultivating resistant tree species is one of the viable methods in the management of nematode pests once they are identified. A pot experiment laid out in completely randomized design was conducted to screen fifteen selected tree seedlings for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita. Each tree seedling was replicated eight times and was grown on a steam-sterilized soil. The seedlings were inoculated each with 7,000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita at four weeks after planting. Data were collected on plant height and stem girth at 12 weeks after inoculation. At termination, data were also collected on gall index (GI), final nematode population (Pf) and reproductive factor (RF). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Resistance or susceptibility status was assigned with Canto-Saenz host designation scheme. There was variability in the growth of the tree seedlings. Simphonia africana had the highest GI, Pf and RF of 3.3, 54,500 and 22.07, respectively and these values were significantly higher than values from other seedlings. Six tree seedlings;  Simphonia africana, Theobroma cacao, Gmelina arborea, Piptadeniastrum africana, Chrysophyluum albidium and Parkia biglobosa were found to be susceptible to M. incognita, while six (Tetrapleura  tetraptera, Anacardium occidentale, Annonas muricata, Dinium  guinensis and Vitex doniana) were found to be resistant and three (Treculia africana, Mangifera indica  and  Dacryodes edulis) were tolerant. Resistant tree seedlings should be planted in M. incognita-infested plantation and susceptible species should be treated even in
THE ROLES OF ENZYME IN FOOD PROCESSING - AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Abdullahi N. , Atiku M. K. , Umar N. B.
Published: June 2021

Enzymes haven used long in food processing before their discovery as a biological catalyst. Food fermentation was among the early art of food processing and the use of enzymes in fermentation and cheese making started about 6000 BC. The roles of enzymes in food processing and preservation contributed to the development of mankind. They contributed in the areas of baking, cheese making, dairy processing, milling, cereals technology, juice and beverages processing, vegetable processing, oils and fats processing, and wine processing among others. Microorganisms are the earliest and foremost source of enzymes used in food processing, other sources are plant and animal tissues and organs. Advances in science and technology disclosed more potentials of enzymes and biotechnology open doors for commercial production of enzymes with charming properties. The development of enzyme immobilization techniques allows the reused of enzymes without affecting their properties, structure, or activities. Recent advances in genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology permit the production of enzymes with exceptional properties. The current trends in the production of Extremozymes will open doors for using enzymes under extreme conditions of temperature, pH, and pressure. In food, processing enzymes can be used as ingredients, processing aid, or as a catalyst for both pre-and post-consumption catalysis. Enzymes improve the quality, shelf life, stability, and sensory properties of foods. They play important roles in food processing by lowering energy consumption, minimizing waste, producing desired products specifically required, and making foods more affordable, palatable, and available
Szanse i bariery polskich przedsiębiorstw w drodze do Smart Industry
Authors: Cegiełko Szymon
Published: June 2021

Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie pojęcia Smart Industry, przedstawienie aktywności polskich przedsiębiorstw innowacyjnych oraz określenie szans i barier wynikających z wdrożenia nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych. Podczas przygotowania artykułu korzystano z literatury przedmiotu oraz publikacji branżowych, w tym także obcojęzycznych. Wykorzystano pozycje książkowe, artykuły, wyniki badań firm konsultingowych, dane statystyczne, czasopisma i informacje ze źródeł internetowych. Świat nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych nie jest jeszcze w pełni zbadany i zdefiniowany, jednak charakteryzuje się ogromnymi możliwościami, które powinny zostać wykorzystane przez przedsiębiorstwa do osiągania ich celów strategicznych. Publikacja ta uzasadnia sens wdrażania nowoczesnych rozwiązań technologicznych, ukazuje pozycję Polski oraz polskich przedsiębiorstw na tle krajów europejskich, przedstawia termin przedsiębiorstwa Smart oraz wskazuje możliwe szanse i bariery rozwoju innowacyjności.
Yaniv, Bracha. Ceremonial Synagogue Textiles from Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Italian Communities. London: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press, 2019.
Authors: Fromm Annette B.
Published: June 2021

Review of Yaniv, Bracha. Ceremonial Synagogue Textiles from Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Italian Communities. London: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization in association with Liverpool University Press, 2019.
Libyan Jewish Women's Lore: From Homeschooling to Formal Education
Authors: Simon Rachel
Published: June 2021

The source of Libyan Jewish women's lore was the environment in which they lived, which was shaped—intellectually, socially, and economically—by the gender norms of Libyan Jews. These norms were based on Jewish traditions and the surrounding Muslim society, which since the mid-sixteenth century was under Ottoman rule until the Italian occupation of 1911. Formal education for Jewish girls became available in Libya from the 1870s, first through European enterprises and from the 1930s also by the community. This paper examines Libyan Jewish women's lore and what was the impact of the developing educational, social, and economic opportunities for growing numbers of Libyan Jewish women, mainly in the urban society, on their cultural capital from the late nineteenth century until the mass Jewish emigration from Libya starting in the late 1940s.
“For me, every child is the whole wide world:” An interview with Naomi Zipori
Authors: Ripsman Eylon Dina
Published: June 2021

An interview with Naomi Zipori whose brother, Zion, disappeared in Rosh Ha'ayin during the winter of 1950.
Errors of Pronoun Usage among Nigerian Secondary School Students
Authors: Jegede Olusegun O. , Akintunji M. Akinola
Published: June 2021

This study examined the errors of pronoun usage among Nigerian Secondary School Students. The study looked specifically at pronoun types, and identified and examined the errors that secondary school students make in their use. The research subjects were students of public secondary schools in Oyo West Local Government Area. There are fifteen (15) public secondary schools in the Local Government Area. However, out of the fifteen (15) public secondary schools, five (5) were chosen. The researcher made use of stratified sampling technique in order to classify the respondents’ view into different characteristics for clear and better results. A total of one hundred (100) students were selected for the study, with twenty (20) students selected from each school. Test questions with options were designed specifically for the students in the selected schools. The test questions focused on all the aspects of pronoun usage, especially the areas where students make errors such as subjective case pronouns, objective case pronouns, possessive case pronouns and tactic pronouns. The test was adequately supervised to see that the respondents did not consult their mates for any assistance before they could respond to the test. It was administered in the classroom for their convenience and proper supervision. There were twenty (20) questions in the test, four questions each were on the subjective case, objective case, possessive case, problematic pronouns usages and unique pronouns types (indefinite pronoun and reciprocal pronouns). At the end, the test scripts were collected and marked. The errors made were identified and categorised and examined. The study clearly showed that secondary school students in Nigeria use pronouns that are inaccurate or incorrect in their expressions. In this vein, the study showed that these errors occur because the students have not fully learned the correct use of the pronouns. The study also found that the teaching method applied in the teaching of English grammar in secondary schools is not very effective and English language teachers need to set up a workable teaching and evaluation method that will show how well a learner has learned. The study concluded that the students need constant exposure to the English language to fully develop communicative competence in it.
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of COVID-19 Infected Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Rahman Shaila , Bahar Tamanna , Wazib Amit , Chowdhury Zulfia Zinat , Hossain Mohammad Murad , Anne Rifat Taher , Begum Shamim Ara
Published: June 2021

Background: Patients with active cancer are considered to be a high-risk group during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Reports of studies on the impact of COVID-19 infection on cancer patients in Bangladesh are sparse. This study was conducted to describe the clinical presentation and assess the outcome of COVID-19 infected cancer patients.

Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled 43 patients with active cancer from different cancer hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh who were tested positive for RTPCR of COVID-19. The study period was from August to October 2020 (three months) following ethical approval and informed written consent was ensured. The data were collected in a structured questionnaire form by interviewing the patients/relatives and from medical records of inpatient and outpatient departments and analyzed by SPSS version 25.

Results: The mean age of the 43 study participants was 49.2 (±13.6) years with a male predominance (60.5%). The common primary malignancies were leukaemia (27.9%), carcinoma of the colon (18.6%), and carcinoma of the breast (14%). Diabetes (30.2%) and hypertension (27.9%) were the common co-morbidities. The most frequently found symptoms were fever and cough 67.4% each. Severe and critical illness were found in 27.9% and 2.3% cases respectively. 35 (81%) patients survived from COVID-19 and death was observed in 8 (19%) patients.There was no significant association of age, gender, primary malignancy type, and major co-morbidities with the outcome. Severe and critical illness were found to be significantly associated with higher mortality.

Conclusions: COVID-19 related mortality is higher in cancer patients than in the general population. Mortality depends on the severity of COVID-19 in these patients, associated with severe & critical cases.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 90-94
Efficacy of Per Rectal Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs to Prevent Post Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancrea-tography Pancreatitis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shil Bimal Chandra , Rashid Md Mamun Ur , Saha Shasanka Kumar , Banik Ranjit Kumar , Saifullah ANM , Salam Farhana , Habib Rehan , Saha Madhusudan , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: June 2021

Background and aims: Acute pancreatitis is the most common major post-ERCP complication ranging as high as 10% to 40%. Rectal NSAIDS (Indomethacin or Diclofenac) seem to be the most promising drugs to prevent post ERCP pancreatitis. We performed a trial to investigate the efficacy of indomethacin or diclofenac.

Methods: A prospective randomized comparative trial was performed at Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2019. Patients undergoing ERCP were randomly selected to group-A and group-B. Diclofenac 50mg suppository was given to group-A patients and Indomethacin 100mg suppository was given to group-B patients during or just after ERCP. The primary outcome was acute pancreatitis following the procedure which was defined by new upper abdominal pain, elevation of pancreatic lipase to at least 3 times the upper limit of normal level 24 hours after ERCP and hospitalization for 02 nights. Retrospective analysis of data of 122 patients who had undergone ERCP in 2012 but had no history of rectal NSAIDS (group C) was done.

Results: Total 613 patients were included in this study and followed up. Post ERCP pancreatitis developed in 21(8.5%) patients of group-A (n=247), in 19(7.78%) patients of group-B (n=244) and in 20(17.85%) patients of group-C (n=122)(p=0.02). Moderate to severe pancreatitis was found in 08(3.23%) patients of group-A, in 06(2.45%) patients of group-B and in 12(9.83%) patients of group-C(p= 0.01). Administration of these NSAIDS showed clear benefit to reduce occurrence of Post ERCP pancreatitis when compared with no drug group (P=0.01). The efficacy of indomethacin compared with diclofenac was similar (P=0.874).

Conclusions: Prophylactic use of rectal indomethacin or diclofenac during or just after ERCP significantly reduces the incidence of post ERCP pancreatitis. These NSAIDs are inexpensive, safe and should be used routinely in each patient undergoing ERCP.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 99-106
Management & Caring for Patients of COPD with COVID-19: A Current Perspective
Authors: Mamun SM AA , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Sarker Sana Ullah , Mannan Sonia
Published: June 2021

Currently passing pandemic of SARS COVE-2, that started on December 2019 has been taken nearly 2.8 million lives till April 2021, with a highest mortality among males, older individuals and patients with comorbidities. COPD patients are included in shielding strategies due to their susceptibilityto virusinduced exacerbations, compromised pulmonary function and highprevalence of associated comorbidities. Based on our existing knowledge, Experience of last one year &Metaanalysis of different study report, thisreview has taken the initiative to find the answer of few key question : FirstlyIs the Covid19 infection causing AECOPD like any other viralinfection.Secondly, do systemic corticosteroids offer protection againstCOVID-19 with COPD ? And, finally , what is the evidence regarding use ofMDI or nebulization & NIV as standard treatment .This up-to-date review will make scope for some of the key issues whichhave significant impact on the long-term outlook for COPD patients in thecontext of COVID-19.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 165-169
Floristic composition of Jahangirnagar University Campus - A semi-natural area of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Saleh Ahammad , Sultana Sharmin , Hossain Gazi Mosharof , Shetu Shayla Sharmin , Rahim Md Abdur
Published: June 2021

This study represents comprehensive taxonomic information on current floristic composition in the semi-natural campus area of Jahangirnagar University. This study reveals that this campus area harbours a total of 917 species belonging to 574 genera and 145 families of vascular plants. 70.34% of these species are wild and the rest are cultivated/planted. 63.79% of the species are native and 36.21% are exotic to Bangladesh. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms are represented by 22 and 12 species, respectively, whereas, Angiosperms by 883 species. Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons) are composed of 618 and 265 species, respectively. The family Poaceae with 89 species is the largest, which is followed by Fabaceae with 44 species and Asteraceae with 40 species. Most of the species are herbs (56.16%) and growing in diverse habitats. All species are economically or ecologically important, but mostly as medicinal, ornamental, fodder and forage, fruit, vegetable, timber and fuel wood. The study area houses 15 plant species, previously listed as threatened to Bangladesh. Thus, the study area is floristically rich in respect to its number of plant species belonging to different groups and its size. This area might serve as a campus-based excellent center of biodiversity conservation by strengthening the existing management and adopting necessary policies and strategies.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 27-60, 2021 (June)
Molecular characterization of Canna indica L. based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers
Authors: Akhi Sabiha Sultana , Sarkar Bivas Kumar , Sultana Nahid , Jui Zakya Sultana , Sarker RH , Rahman M Oliur
Published: June 2021

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were employed for characterization, assessment of genetic variation and inferring relationships among six variants of Canna indica L. A total of 198 RAPD bands ranging from 200 bp to 3 kbp were generated by all the six variants. Among them, most of the bands were found to be polymorphic, four band were unique of which two bands (OPA022000 and OPA043000) were observed in the variant 2 (small red) and the other two (OPA013000 and OPA053000) were noticed in the variant 4 (orange), and the remaining bands were found to be monomorphic. The pair-wise genetic distance was determined among the six variants that ranged from 0.1446 to 0.6554. A dendogram was constructed based on the RAPD profiling to infer the relationship among the six variants of C. indica that resulted in two major clusters: the first one contained two variants, viz. variant 1 (local red) and variant 2 (small red), while the second cluster composed of the remaining four variants. The results as revealed from the RAPD analysis were found congruent with those of morphological and anatomical investigation of the species.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 75-81, 2021 (June)
Filamentous cyanobacteria from western ghats of North Kerala, India
Authors: Geethu V , Shamina Mamiyil
Published: June 2021

Cyanobacteria are Gram negative, photosynthetic and nitrogen fixing microorganisms which contribute much to our present-day life as medicines, foods, biofuels and biofertilizers. Western Ghats are the hotspots of biodiversity with rich combination of microbial flora including cyanobacteria. Though cosmopolitan in distribution, their abundance in tropical forests are not fully exploited. To fill up this knowledge gap, the present research was carried out on the cyanobacterial flora of Peruvannamuzhi forest and Janaki forests of Western Ghats in Kozhikode District, North Kerala State, India. Extensive specimen collections were conducted during South-West monsoon (June to September) and North-East monsoon (October to December) in the year 2019. The highest diversity of cyanobacteria was found on rock surfaces. A total of 18 cyanobacterial taxa were identified. Among them filamentous heterocystous forms showed maximum diversity with 10 species followed by non- heterocystous forms with 8 species. The highest number of cyanobacteria were identified from Peruvannamuzhi forest with 15 taxa followed by Janaki forest with 3 taxa. The non- heterocystous cyanobacterial genus Oscillatoria Voucher ex Gomont showed maximum abundance with 4 species. In this study we reported Planktothrix planktonica (Elenkin) Agagnostidis & Komárek 1988, Oscillatoria euboeica Anagnostidis 2001 and Nostoc interbryum Sant’Anna et al. 2007 as three new records from India.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 83-95, 2021 (June)
Molecular authentication of Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele using internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Alqahtani Mesfer M , Ali M Ajmal , Rahman M Oliur , Al Hemaid Fahad M , Kambhar Sidanand V , Lee Joongku
Published: June 2021

The Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) are commonly used in plant molecular phylogenetics for the molecular based taxonomic identification and DNA barcoding because of shorter length and easy to amplify by using the universal primers, and further has discrimination ability to distinguish the taxon at lower taxonomic level. The present molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS nrDNA sequences focuses to determine the taxonomic status of an unresolved medicinally important species Euphorbia schimperiana Scheele of the family Euphorbiaceae reported from Saudi Arabia. The combined length of the entire ITS region in E. schimperiana is 644 nucleotides. The study reveals that E. schimperiana shows a close proximity with the members of the subgenus Esula.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 125-130, 2021 (June)
Evaluation of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka City
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Zashim , Shomrat Abulais , Hasan Md Siddiq , Khan Md Robin , Fahad Abdur Rahman , Md Al Amin -
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to evaluate the present status of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka city. A total of 90 plant species under 73 genera and 42 families have been recorded from the road dividers of Dhaka city. Analysis showed that among the 90 species, the most abundant plant species in the road divider are Mimusops elengi (Bakul) Polyalthia longifolia (Debdaru), Leucaena leucocephala (Epil-epil), Tabernaemontana divaricata (Togor) and Swietenia mahagoni (Mahagoni). In case of dominant analysis based important value index showed that Mimusops elengi is the top dominant plant species followed by Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Tabernaemontana divaricata and Swietenia mahagoni respectively. These plant species have also showed the higher relative density, relative frequency and relative abundance. The percentage of native and exotic species was found here 44% and 56%, respectively. Most abundant and dominant plant species in the road dividers are exotics including Mimusops elengi,Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala and Swietenia mahagoni. Species diversity value was found higher in Hatirjeel site whereas lowest in Baridhara- Badda site. A number of recommendations are made based on the present results for the management of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka city. Some recommended native plant species for plantation according to the width and soil depth in the road dividers are Cassia fistula, Holarrhena pubescens, Firmiana colorata, Shorea robusta, Miliusa valutina, Butea monosperma, Alstonia scholaris, Toona ciliata, Ficus racemosa, Bombax ceiba, Woodfordia fruticosa, Melastoma malabathricum, Sterculia villosa, Grewia microcos, Syzygium cumini, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Ixora coccinea, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia arjuna and also native seasonal flowers.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 141-154, 2021 (June)
Genetic diversity, heritability and genetic advance of Solanum melongena L. from three secondary centers of diversity
Authors: Datta Debi Rani , Rafii MY , Misran Azizah , Jusoh Mashitah , Yusuff Oladosu , Sulaiman Nadzirah M , Momodu Jalloh
Published: June 2021

Indo-Birmanian is considered as the domesticated region and primary center of eggplant diversity from where it spread to other secondary centers of diversity. In this study, the genetic diversity among 56 eggplant genotypes from three secondary centers of diversity (Bangladesh, Malaysia and Thailand) was assessed using 11 morphological traits. The experiment was laid in a complete randomized block design with three replications. A wide significant variation was observed for all the morphological traits, and highly significant differences among the three centers of diversity. High heritability and genetic advance was found for different traits i.e. fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit girth, fruit length to width ratio, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, plant height and number of primary branches per plant. The selected best traits i.e. number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per plant showed high heritability along with high genetic advance and less environmental influence but the high value of PCV and GCV. So these traits could be useful for selection criteria in the future breeding program. These results are relevant for evolutionary studies, breeding programs, and management of eggplant genetic resources.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 155-169, 2021 (June)
Angiospermic flora of Wadi Al Aqiq in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Obaid Wael A , Hameed Usama K Abdel
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 271-276, 2021 (June)
Climate change, biosystematics and taxonomy
Authors: Alam M Khairul
Published: June 2021

The history of biosystematics research and its impacts on climate goes before political ramifications. Climate change is altering the environments and likely to result in changes in the distribution of species, flowering times; migrate and adapt to the new environmental conditions; or extinction. Adaptive capacity is the ability of the plants to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Adaptation process is going in nature through phenotypic plasticity, natural selection or migration or polyploidization. The options are not mutually exclusive. Phenotypic plasticity may be the most efficient way of adaptation to a new environment. Polyploidization may increase tolerance to diverse ecological conditions and the high incidence of polyploidy in plants indicates its adaptive significance. Population having polyploid pillar complex is a good backup support towards microevolution and speciation, a mode of adaptation. The paper discusses about these biosystematics approaches towards adaptation to new environmental conditions resulting from climate change. It also discusses about the role of taxonomists under the changed circumstances. It is evident from the review that a set of biosystematics data along with other ecological and conservation information needs to be included in Flora and Monographs. It reveals that it was as far as worked out at the Paris Botanical Congress 1954 and put up by Stebbins in a series of proposals, termed as “Stebbins’ Ten Points” that needs further enrichment.

Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 277-287, 2021 (June)
Pedagogical strategies for Chemical Engineering courses: Skills development through Project-based learning (PBL)
Authors: Santos Fernanda Ribeiro dos , Oliveira Idalmo Montenegro de , Santos Luiz Carlos , Leal Rafaela Esteves Godinho , Cardoso Marcelo
Published: June 2021

The formal curriculum practices in engineering education have been rethought in order to meet the growing demand for the development of the more traditional skills, as well as newer multidisciplinary skills for the students, making them protagonists in their own development and forging the curriculum through concrete activities (curriculum in action) that go beyond the prescribed curriculum. As a fundamental part of this process, a project was developed by students and professors of the Chemical Engineering course, where the Project-Based Learning methodology was applied. During the traditional curriculum course "Operations and Processes Laboratory", students were able to work with the curriculum in action through four main activities that required the application of technical knowledge linked to communication skills and problem solving, adaptation to reality, proactivity and analytical ability. The development of competences and skills by the students was analyzed based on the reports they presented as a result of their group projects and summarized in a matrix of general engineering competences, based on the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines. Through this matrix it was possible to conclude that the students solved the real problem situations using the technical knowledge learned at the University, while taking into account the relevant economic, environmental and social aspects. They defined the theme of their work, goals and the methodology to be developed with complete autonomy. They exercised creativity and used multidisciplinary skills to seek solutions and adapt resources, acquiring equipment and supplies, developing and building adaptively, while utilizing the tools at their disposal. They exercised the analytical capacity to elucidate the results and present improvements and also introduced digital technologies to facilitate communication and other processes.
Uso do Desfibriladores externos automáticos (DEA) por pessoas leigas no atendimento Pré-hospitalar: Uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Authors: Ferreira Maria de Nazaré dos Anjos , Barbosa Luciana Alves , Dergan Marcela Raíssa Asevedo , Lima Paula Andreza Viana , Pereira Lucas de Jesus , Tavares Natalie Kesle Costa , Costa Rodrigo Damasceno , Silva Tainan Fabrício da , Gomes Bárbara Leticia Corrêa , Pinto João Victor Corrêa , Santos Charles Carvalho dos , Vasconcelos Thalissa de Oliveira , Dutra Karina Teixeira , Vale Janaina de Freitas , Castilho Francinéa de Nazaré Ferreira de , Caetano Djenanne Simonsen Augusto de Carvalho , Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Nogueira Maicon de Araújo , Sá Antônia Margareth Moita
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre uso do Desfibrilador Externo Automático (DEA) por pessoas leigas no atendimento Pré-hospitalar. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca realizada identificou 207 artigos, 162 na PUBMED, 28 no LILACS e 17 na BDENF. A seleção dos artigos para a elaboração do estudo iniciou pela exclusão de 27 artigos duplicados nas bases de dados; realizou-se análise dos títulos, resumos e os descritores de 180 artigos. Assim, foram selecionados inicialmente 29 artigos para leitura integral a partir dos critérios de inclusão, considerando o recorte temporal de 2015 a 2020, onde foram excluídos 17 artigos, dos quais foram elencados 12 textos completos para leitura e síntese. Resultados: Ficou evidenciado que os casos de paradas cardíacas fora do hospital ocorrem com frequência no mundo, levando a morte frequente dos pacientes, também se evidenciou que a desfibrilação precoce pode salvar tais vidas. As pesquisas remetem a uma série de lacunas em relação ao conhecimento das medidas e procedimentos técnicos de Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) por pessoas leigas, assim como, a utilização do DEA em vítimas de paradas cardíacas fora do ambiente hospitalar. Conclusão: A pesquisa sintetiza as evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre uso DEA por pessoas leigas no atendimento Pré-hospitalar; os dados apontam para um cenário de que a identificação das paradas cardiorrespiratórias fora do ambiente hospitalar e o início precoce de manobras contidas nas práticas de SBV nas vítimas em PCR é fundamental para aumentar a sobrevida.
Associações entre gênero e desenvolvimento linguístico em crianças de uma creche pública
Authors: Leandro Gabriela da Silva , Souza Adriele Francisca da Silva , Caldas Ivete Furtado Ribeiro , Costa Elson Ferreira
Published: June 2021

O desenvolvimento infantil contempla quatro grandes áreas: motor grosseiro, motor fino-adaptativo, pessoal-social e linguagem, sendo todas influenciadas por caracteres intrínsecos e extrínsecos. A linguagem é um instrumento social utilizado em interações comunicativas e diversos fatores podem influenciar nesse processo, como o gênero. Os estímulos ofertados a meninos e meninas são distintos, baseados em diferenças socioculturais instituídas ao longo dos séculos.  Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o gênero e o desenvolvimento linguístico em crianças de uma creche pública no município de Marabá (PA). Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em 62 crianças, com idade entre 3 a 6 anos. O intrumento utilizado foram o Questionário socioeconômico e o Teste de Triagem de Desenvolvimento de Denver II.  Foi utilizado o Teste U (Teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney) com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: As meninas obtiveram maiores médias de acertos, destacando-se: compreende 3 adjetivos (0.94±0.25), reconhece 4 ações (0.94±0.25) e define 3 objetos pelo uso (0.97±0.18). Conclusão: Crianças do sexo feminino possuem desfecho mais favorável no processo de aquisição da fala comparado ao sexo masculino.