bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-sectional Study of Female HIV Patient Perspective of Dyadic Adjustment in HIV Sero-concordant and Sero-discordant couples
Authors: Sodeinde K.J. , Olu-Abiodun O. , Bamdele E.F. , Abiodun O.A.
Published: April 2021

Background: Dyadic Adjustment is defined as the process with which couples form a steady relationship. This study assessed dyadic adjustment in HIVcouples in Ogun State, Nigeria.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 458 women accessing HIV care in tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. Participants were evaluated using the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and analyzed using the Stata/SE 15.1 statistical Package. Chi-square and t-tests were used to determine the correlates of dyadic adjustment (Distress/Non-distress) while logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of distress.

Results: Only 28.82% had relationship distress while the majority (71.18%) had no distress. There was a statistically significant association between marital status and the level of distress. Those who were currently married were less likely to have distress than those who were single or previously married.

Conclusion: Those who were not married were more predisposed to distress. More support for these groups is therefore recommended.

Keywords: Couple, Distress, Dyadic adjustment, HIV, Sero-concordant, Sero-discordant
The knowledge and attitude of students of a Nigerian tertiary institution about peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Bojuwoye M.O. , Ogunmodede J.A. , Ogunlaja O.A. , Fasiku M.M. , Oyeleke G.K. , Olokoba A.B.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and attitude of students of a tertiary institution in North-Central Nigeria about peptic ulcer disease (PUD)Methodology: Three hundred students of the Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, were recruited using a multistage sampling method. Asemi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic data and assess their knowledge about and attitude towards PUD.Results: Two hundred and thirty-four (78.0%) of respondents had heard about PUD before. Two hundred and fifty (83.3%) of the respondents thought PUD was a gastrointestinal disease whereas 40 (13.3%) thought it was a disease of the heart. Only one (0.3%) of the respondents knew Helicobacter pylori as a cause of PUD, and only 17.3% believed drugs could treat PUD. Students of Science-based courses were twice as likely as non-Science based students to have had a prior knowledge of PUD (OR: 1.98, CI: 1.054- 3.717, P=0.034).Conclusion: Though majority of respondents had heard about PUD, their knowledge of its aetiology, symptoms and treatment was poor. This reflects the need to strengthen public health education about PUD because of its potential for causing morbidity and mortality.

Key words: Peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal disease, Helicobacter pylori, knowledge
Distributed UFIR Filtering with Applications to Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Vazquez-Olguin Miguel , Shmaliy Yuriy S. , Ibarra-Manzano Oscar , Marquez-Figueroa Sandra
Published: April 2021

Environmental monitoring requires an analysis of large and reliable amount of data collected through node stations distributed over a very wide area. Equipment used in such stations are often expensive that limits the amount of sensing stations to be deployed. The technology known as Wireless Sensor Networks (WNS) is a viable option to deliver low-cost sensor information. However, unpredictable issues such as interference from electromagnetic sources, damaged and unstable sensors and the landscape itself may cause the network to suffer from unstable links as well as missing and corrupted data. Therefore robust estimators are required to mitigate such effects. In this sense,the unbiased finite impulse response (UFIR) filter is used as a robust estimator for applications over WSN, especially when the process statistics are unknown. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of the distributed UFIR (dUFIR) filter with optimal consensus on estimates against missing and incorrect data. The dUFIR algorithm is tested in two different scenarios of very unstable WSN using real data. It is shown that the dUFIR filteris more suitable for real life applications requiring the robustness against missing and corrupted measurements under the unknown noise statistics.
SANITARY SURVEILLANCE ACTIONS IN OUTBREAK OF IMPETIGO:EXPERIENCE REPORT
Authors:   Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Senador Canedo, Machado Fabiana Silva , de Carvalho Karoline Ferreira ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Tobias Gabriela Camargo ,   Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Senador Canedo, Teixeira Cristiane Chagas ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás
Published: April 2021

A Vigilância Sanitária é responsável por ações de prevenção de riscos e intervenções sanitárias decorrentes do meio ambiente, da produção e circulação de bens e controle da prestação de serviços, incluindo o controle de bens de consumo e, processos da produção que se relacionam com a saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi relatar as ações tomadas pela Vigilância Sanitária no surto de impetigo na população infantil (de zero a cinco anos), usuária de Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, utilizando como técnica de coleta de dados a pesquisa documental, nas coordenações de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Sanitária do município de Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil. O surto de impetigo ocorreu no mês de novembro e dezembro de 2018 e a coleta de dados para pesquisa ocorreu no período de setembro a novembro de 2019. Ações articuladas de orientações quanto as medidas de higiene e desinfecção aos envolvidos em surto de impetigo são fundamentais para controle e manejo adequado. As atividades sanitárias devem estar pautadas na proteção e defesa da saúde individual e coletiva.
A Safety Program in a Tertiary Care Center Emergency Department: An Evidence-Based Project to Increase Safety Event Reporting and Improve Frontline Staff Perceptions of Hospital Management’s Response to Safety Events
Authors:   , McMaster Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

Practice Problem: The lack of a non-punitive safety culture with a healthcare organization is associated with decreased safety event reporting, reimbursement rates, and staff satisfaction. PICOT: The PICOT question that guided this project was: In emergency department frontline staff, does hospital management involvement in a safety event program, contrasted with no safety event program, improve frontline staff’s reporting of safety events and perceptions of hospital management’s response to safety events management involvement over four weeks? Evidence: Three overlapping themes that guided this project included: improving organizational culture, open communication, and leadership support in promoting patient safety. Intervention: A safety event program, Safety STOP, was utilized as an evidence-based intervention to improve employee reporting of safety events and perceptions. Outcome: The intervention did not significantly impact frontline staff perceptions of hospital management’s response to safety events; however, the proportion of safety events reported during the implementation phase was significantly higher than the proportion of safety events reported before the intervention. Conclusion: Safety STOP had a significant impact on the organization. After initial implementation, Safety STOP was implemented hospital-wide, reduced the total number of sentinel events required to be reported to the state, and reduced the total time from safety event to root cause analysis.
An Experimental Observe of Replacing Conventional Coarse Aggregate with Electronic Waste for M45 Grade concrete Using Natural Sand
Authors: Vangala Saipriya, Gomasa Ramesh and Dr.G.Dinesh Kumar
Published: April 2021

Electronic waste is taken into consideration the "quickest-developing waste move in the global”. In 2018, an
anticipated 50 million tons of electronic waste became mentioned, Rapid modifications in generation have
ended of e waste around the globe. Most e-waste composed of combination of metals like Cu, Al & Fe they
might be connected to, covered with or even combined with numerous sorts of plastics and ceramics. E-waste
has a terrible impact on environment. The present environ-intellectual issues may be minimized to a sure
quantity by way of making use of those digital waste substances in the development industry. Many
researches have been completed to utilize the e-waste in construction industry. A particular look at is
achieved at the use of E-waste in plastic mixture of M45 grade concrete having alternative of 12%, 15% and
22%. The essential aim of this experimental work is to utilize the quantity of discarded electrical and digital
into beneficial raw substances using environmental pleasant generation. Experiments had been executed to
recognize the outcomes on strength of concrete with Electronic-waste plastic.
ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL & EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF BUSINESS SCHOOLS BY STUDENTS
Authors:   Bahria University, Karachi., Bashir Rizwana
Published: April 2021

Purpose - With the changing trends business studies have become very popular amongst the students as a means of future career. Accordingly, an issue has always been at hand the students and parents both that which higher education institution be selected for the business management education. This research paper examines different factors that influence a business student’s behavior in selecting a business school. Methodology/Sample - The research has been carried out in the vicinity of Karachi city. The researchers used both primary and secondary methods of data collection. Primary data was collected through questionnaire. The sample of 100 students was selected. Probability sampling technique was used whereby 10 students were selected from each well known business schools of Karachi. Findings - The researcher classified different influencing factors into two main categories -- internal and internal ones and found that both internal and external factors influence business students in selecting a business school, but external factors influence students more than internal factors. Practical Implications - The outcome of the research guide the future business management students about quality and standards of various business schools as well as assist the business school in identification of the factors critical for the students.
Öğretim Elemanlarının Bilinçli Farkındalıklarının ve Profesyonelliklerinin Örgütsel Çıktılara Etkisi
Authors: EKER Derya , AYDIN Ayhan
Published: April 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı öğretim elemanlarının bilinçli farkındalık, profesyonellik, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık algıları arasındaki yapısal ilişkileri gösteren teorik modelleri sınamaktır. Bu amaçla bilinçli farkındalık, profesyonellik, iş doyumu ve örgütsel bağlılık ile ilgili alanyazından yararlanılarak oluşturulan üç model sınanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında Eskişehir’deki devlet üniversitelerinde görev yapan öğretim elemanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, oransız küme örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş, 3 farklı üniversitede görev yapan 899 öğretim elemanından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği, bu araştırma içinde araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Akademisyenler için Profesyonellik Ölçeği, İş Doyumu Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verileri çözümlemek için korelasyon, ölçeklerin yapı geçerliklerini belirlemek için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve oluşturulan yapısal eşitlik modellerinin test edilmesi amacıyla yol analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Oluşturulan alternatif modeller içerisinde üçüncü yapısal modelin doğrulanması sonucunda öğretim elemanlarının bilinçli farkındalık algılarının profesyonellik algılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği, profesyonellik algılarının iş doyumu algılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği, iş doyumu algılarının da örgütsel bağlılık algılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğretim elemanlarının bilinçli farkındalık algılarının, profesyonellik algıları üzerinden iş doyumu algılarını ve örgütsel bağlılık algılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Öğretim elemanlarının bilinçli farkındalık ve profesyonellik alanlarında bilinçlendirilmeleri ve bu süreçte kurumsal olarak mesleki gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi gereklidir. Pozitif örgütsel davranış alanında değer kazanan bilinçli farkındalık ve profesyonellik kavramlarının farklı düzeydeki eğitim kurumlarındaki durumunun incelenmesine ve bu kavramların diğer örgütsel çıktılarla ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik nitel ve nicel çalışmalar yapılabilir.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN KOTAK SUARA DUPLEX DALAM PROSES DISTRIBUSI LOGISTIK PEMILU 2019 DI KPU KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Adi Susanto dan Mardiana
Published: April 2021

Sejumlah 21 dari 48 TPS di kelurahan Payo Selincah, Kecamatan Paal Merah, Kota Jambi terpaksa harus melaksanakan Pemungutan Suara Susulan H+1 pada Pemilu 2019 dikarenakan kotak suara duplex mengalami kerusakan parah dalam proses distribusi logistik akibat banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah kebijakan KPU menggunakan kotak suara berbahan duplex telah memenuhi nilai kelayakan fungsi kotak suara dalam proses distribusi logistik Pemilu 2019 menurut perspektif Badan Penyelenggara Pemilu di tingkat KPU Kabupaten/Kota hingga tingkat PPS.  Pendekatan kualitatif berlandaskan teori Dunn dipergunakan untuk melakukan evaluasi kebijakan KPU meliputi enam kriteria, yaitu efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, pemerataan, responsivitas, dan kelayakan. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, informan menanggapi kebijakan KPU menggunakan kotak suara duplex tidak memenuhi nilai kelayakan fungsi kotak suara dalam proses distribusi logistik, karena dinilai tidak memenuhi lima dari enam kriteria Dunn, yaitu efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, responsivitas, dan kelayakan. Hasil Penelitian ini didukung temuan bahwa: 1) terjadi penghematan anggaran pengadaan kotak suara sebesar 70,03%  di tingkat KPU RI, namun tidak terjadi penghematan biaya pengelolaan dan distribusi logistik di tingkat KPU Kabupaten/kota hingga KPPS; 2) Pelaksanaan SOP penyimpanan dan distribusi logistik bersifat effortlessness; 3) Kotak suara berbahan duplex lebih mudah rusak (hancur) di daerah rawan banjir atau perairan walaupun telah mengikuti SOP distribusi logistik.
MANAJEMEN KRISIS PENDISTRIBUSIAN LOGISTIK DALAM PILKADA KOTA DEPOK DI TENGAH COVID-19
Authors: Wildhan Khalyubi,Azka Abdi Amrurobbi,dan Moch Edward Trias P
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pendistribusian logistik penyelenggaraan Pilkada ditengah pandemi Covid-19 melalui paradigma manajemen krisis logistik dengan memadukan data Covid-19 di Kota Depok. Sebagai mana yang diketahui bahwasanya Covid-19 menjadi tantangan tersendiri dalam penyelenggaraan Pilkada 2020. Sehingga Pilkada kali ini merupakan Pilkada dalam keadaan bencana non-alam. Pandangan Keegan, Beamon, menjadi landasan penelitian ini, terutama dalam menentukan daerah prioritas untuk pendistribusian logistik pemilihan di Kota Depok. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dipadukan dengan pendekatan studi literatur relevan dan memadukan paradigma kelembagaan penyelenggara pemilihan dalam pendistribusian logistik dengan manajemen krisis logistik, baik itu dari perspektif logistik kemanusian hingga pendistribusian secara klaster. Hasilnya ialah terdapat beberapa kecamatan prioritas dalam pendistribusian logistik seperti Kecamatan Cinere, Bojongsari, Limo, Cipayung, dan Cilodong. Sementara itu Kecamatan Sawangan, Beji, Tapos, Pancoran Mas, Cimanggis, dan Sukmajaya menjadi 6 prioritas kecamatan selanjutnya dalam pendistribusian logistik Pilkada di Kota Depok. Ini berdasarkan kasus terakhir Covid-19 di Kota Depok dalam 2 bulan terakhir yakni bulan Juni dan Juli. Meskipun fatality rate Covid-19 di bulan Juli rata-rata lebih rendah dari bulan Juni. Ini tidak berbanding lurus dengan angka penyebaran Covid-19 di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwasannya dalam proses pendistribusian logistik di tengah situasi bencana, beberapa kecamatan di Kota Depok dengan penyebaran Covid-19 tak begitu tinggi perlu didahulukan sebagai daerah prioritas distribusi logistik Pilkada Kota Depok. Urgensi dari pendistibusian logistik dalam situasi kebencanaan ialah guna menyegerakan logistik itu sampai tepat waktu, tepat jumlah, dan tepat sasaran agar meminimalisir terganggunya proses tahapan pemungutan suara.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic among medical students of Ernakulam, India
Authors: Kalliath Jacob Davies , Kizhatil Anuradha , Rose Brilly M , Kuncheria Ann Mary , John Alexander
Published: April 2021

Background: COVID – 19 infection is a serious pandemic the world is now facing. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 infection among medical students at a private medical college in central Kerala. 

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted during April-May 2020 in a private medical college in Ernakulam District using the Universal sampling technique. The study tool was a semi-structured validated questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and questions on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding COVID-19 infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.

Results: A total of 288 students were included in the study, with a mean age of 21±1.4. The male-to-female ratio was 2.75:1. Medical students showed adequate knowledge (81.6%), attitude (91.3%), and practice (84.7%) towards the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The main symptoms of COVID-19 infection were known to at least 83% of the participants. The majority (85.4%) were aware that there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 infection and 90% were aware of the main modes of the disease transmission. The majority (99%) of the medical students believed that COVID-19 infection could be prevented through social distancing, wearing masks, and the practice of self-hygiene. About 75.6% believed that government measures for prevention are adequate. Steam inhalation, saline gargling, and consumption of vitamin C-rich foodstuffs were the main specific measures adopted. Older age and female gender were found to be associated with better knowledge.

Conclusion: Adequate KAP levels among medical students in this study are attributable to the current lockdown and the strict government measures to contain the infection.
The Design and Investigation of Teaching Evaluation Index System under the Background of Research University Construction
Authors:   Business School, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China, Chi Qishui
Published: April 2021

Based on the teaching characteristics of Research-oriented University, this paper designs the teaching evaluation index system of university economics and management courses. The index system includes 6 first level indexes and 31 second level indexes. We select all the graduate students in our school's business school as the survey object to study the importance of indicators at all levels in teaching evaluation. The results show that the weight of learning attitude is the highest among all the first level indicators. In all the secondary indicators, the indicators that can assess research, investigation and other related aspects generally have higher weight. These show that under the background of the construction of Research-oriented University, the traditional teaching mode of instilling knowledge into students by teachers can no longer meet the needs of the development of the times. The education in the new era should transform to the research-oriented teaching mode which mainly cultivates students' research and analysis ability.
Estresse ocupacional e presenteísmo entre enfermeiros de um hospital público
Authors: Couto Luíza Barbosa , Dos Santos Carolina Magalhães , Palermo Thaís Aparecida de Castro
Published: April 2021

O estudo investigou o estresse ocupacional e o presenteísmo entre enfermeiros de um hospital público. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, transversal, realizada nos meses de junho a setembro de 2019, com 42 enfermeiros hospitalares. Foram utilizados o Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros e o Questionário de Limitações no Trabalho. A maioria dos enfermeiros (92,7%) apresentou alto estresse e um decréscimo na produtividade (35,9%). A dimensão relações interpessoais foi influente para o alto nível de estresse ocupacional e o domínio demanda mental-interpessoal foi limitante para a produtividade desses profissionais. Conclui-se que o estresse influencia inversamente a produtividade do enfermeiro, a qualidade de vida no trabalho e a saúde desses profissionais, bem como a segurança e qualidade da assistência prestada.
Perspectivas da ética em pesquisa: o repensar para o futuro do sistema normatizador brasileiro
Authors: Lima Dartel Ferrari , Lima Lohran Anguera
Published: April 2021

Os comitês brasileiros de ética em pesquisa com humanos têm sido convidados a repensarem algumas de suas práticas. Este artigo apresenta como objetivo analisar alguns desafios para fortalecer a governança operacional do sistema CEP/CONEP que possibilitem avançar na operacionalização das demandas de seus membros, das instituições proponentes de pesquisa, dos pesquisadores e dos participantes de pesquisa. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa narrativa. O texto inicia com a normatização que orienta a análise ética de pesquisas com humanos. Em seguida, reflete sobre algumas barreiras que limitam a efetivação do controle da ética, realçando a necessidade da formação e treinamento continuado dos avaliadores, o diálogo entre os atores envolvidos na pesquisa, a ação do controle social e as assimetrias no sistema, encerrando com destaques sobre a responsabilidade ética das instituições promotoras de pesquisas com humanos. Conclui-se que a garantia da governança dentro de um sistema em expansão e a qualidade e a celeridade da análise dos projetos de pesquisa dependem de ações sincronizadas da capacitação continuada, do fortalecimento do diálogo entre os atores envolvidos no processo de pesquisa e na diminuição das assimetrias entres os CEP e entre membros de um mesmo CEP.
Autopercepção de saúde dos motoristas de transporte coletivo
Authors: Garbaccio Juliana Ladeira , Pereira Iury Augusto Otoni
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a autopercepção de saúde dos motoristas de ônibus urbanos. Método: Estudo transversal com 324 motoristas de transporte coletivo de Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais por meio de questionário estruturado sobre perfil socioeconômico/profissional, condições de saúde, hábitos alimentares, dados vitais e antropométricos dos motoristas. A variável independente autopercepção de saúde foi dicotomizada em “boa/ruim”, analises estatísticas pelos testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Regressão de Poison. Resultados: Sexo masculino (99,1%), pardos (48,5%), casados (67,5%), com ensino médio (59%). A “boa” autopercepção de saúde foi referida por 72,8%, sendo associada (p<0,05) a ausência de doença crônica (78,1%), não utilizar medicação contínua (77,4%), ausência de dores musculoesquelética (84,3%); na regressão houve associação com não possuir hipertensão arterial sistêmica, dor de cabeça, dores em membros inferiores, estar satisfeito com o dono da empresa e não ser fumante. Os motoristas apresentam uma boa autopercepção de saúde apesar de fatores laborais e ambientais desfavoráveis que eles reconhecem, ademais eles possuem limitações na percepção de saúde e no conceito de saúde como ausência de doença.
Crescimento do pinhão-manso em resposta à adubação fosfatada e à compactação de um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo sob cultivo em ambiente protegido
Authors: De Castro Jair Henrique , Pacheco Dilermando Dourado , Silva Tatiane Carla , Rodrigues Tiago Mendes , Da Cruz Gildarley Costa
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho objetivou quantificar o crescimento de plantas jovens de pinhão-manso submetidas a variações de doses de fósforo (P) e de massas específicas de um solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. Previamente, na micro-região de Januária, foi coletada uma amostra de solo na camada de 20 a40 cm, certificando-se, em laboratório, da baixa disponibilidade de P – 1,4 mg dm-3 de P – a fim de se aplicar os tratamentos de interesse. Foram aplicadas doses de 0, 106 e 318 mg dm-3 de P, utilizando a fonte superfosfato simples; e os solos foram compactados até atingirem massas específicas de solo iguais a 1,53; 1,72 e 1,91 kg dm-3, em esquema fatorial completo, totalizando nove tratamentos. O cultivo foi em vasos de PVC com dimensões de 19,4 cm de diâmetro interno e 23,5 cm de altura, com volume útil de 5,912 dm3 de solo. O crescimento das plantas foi determinado por meio de mensurações de altura de planta, diâmetro de colo, número de folhas e consumo hídrico ao longo do ciclo; e de massa seca de raízes, caule e folha a época da coleta do experimento. Para análise estatística dos dados fez-se análise de variância, teste de média Tukey e análise de regressão. De modo geral, as características de crescimento das plantas apresentaram resposta mais pronunciada à adubação fosfatada comparada à compressão física testada. As raízes de pinhão-manso foram incapazes de penetrar camada de solo com massa específica de solo igual a 1,91 kg dm-3.
Triagem neonatal em crianças na região do médio paraíba: uma análise preliminar
Authors: De Oliveira Marcela Leone Pereira , Mendonça Junior Anderson de Souza , Souza Isabelly Nascimento , Fonseca Julio Cesar Goulart , De Almeida Amanda Freire , Orioli Marian Provazi , Gambarato Bruno Chaboli , Costa Luciano Rodrigues , Utagawa Claudia Yamada
Published: April 2021

O Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN) consiste no rastreamento de recém-nascidos com o intuito de identificar doenças congênitas de forma precoce. As doenças rastreadas são fenilcetonúria, hipotireoidismo congênito, doença falciforme e outras hemoglobinopatias, fibrose cística, hiperplasia adrenal congênita e deficiência da biotinidase. Assim, é de extrema importância para o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce de diversas doenças, reduzindo morbimortalidade. O objetivo é analisar a situação do PNTN em Volta Redonda – RJ. Estudo transversal com coleta de dados consolidada através da aplicação de formulários de março a dezembro de 2019. A seleção da amostra foi feita de maneira aleatória simples com crianças de 0 a 9 anos acompanhadas nos serviços da rede pública de saúde - SUS. Foram totalizados 222 formulários. Desses, 18% tiveram o resultado da triagem anotado na caderneta de saúde, 73% não foram anotados, 8% estavam aguardando resultado e 1% não respondeu ao questionamento. Das 18 crianças (8%) que aguardavam o teste, 83% ultrapassaram o prazo indicado para a entrega do resultado. Dentre as 204 crianças que haviam recebido o resultado do teste, 2% possuíam alterações, reforçando a importância do PNTN como ação preventiva. Ademais, foi possível identificar que 73% dos sujeitos de pesquisa não tiveram o resultado do teste anotado na caderneta da saúde. Necessita-se de uma amostra maior para calcular a incidência das patologias pesquisadas, entretanto, quando levado em consideração o prazo para entrega do resultado, observou-se que uma parcela expressiva não o recebeu no tempo adequado. Em relação ao preenchimento da caderneta de saúde da criança, o resultado se apresentou insuficiente, sendo aquém do almejado.
PENINGKATAN PARTISIPASI AKTIF DAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKn SISWA SMP MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAM ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) PADA MATERI NORMA DAN KEADILAN
Authors: Hidayat Elvira Nurini
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan partisipasi aktif dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 2 Wagir Kabupaten Malang dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dalam proses pembelajaran PPKn pada materi norma dan keadilan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), yaitu bentuk penelitian yang bersifat reflektif dengan melakukan tindakan-tindakan tertentu untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran di kelas. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 2 Wagir yang berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti mempunyai nilai yang paling rendah dibandingkan kelas yang lain dalam hal partisipasi aktif dan hasil belajar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Untuk menganalisis data dari hasil lembar observasi partisipasi aktif dan nilai rata-rata kelas mengunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada mata pelajaran PKn dapat meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil observasi peningkatan partisipasi aktif belajar siswa pada siklus II. Pada Siklus I siswa yang memenuhi kriteria minimum pemenuhan partisipasi aktif yaitu nilai minimum 70 sebanyak 20 siswa (62% jumlah siswa keseluruhan). Pada Siklus II terdapat kenaikan jumlah siswa yang memenuhi kriteria minimum pemenuhan partisipasi aktif yaitu nilai minimum 70 sebanyak 27 siswa (84% jumlah siswa keseluruhan). Untuk hasil belajar, nilai rata-rata pada Siklus I sebesar 78,59 naik menjadi 81,72 pada Siklus II. Berdasarkan ketuntasan klasikal, terjadi peningkatan jumlah siswa yang memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal nilai 75, dimana untuk Siklus I sebanyak 24 siswa (75% jumlah siswa keseluruhan) memenuhi ketuntasan hasil belajar, meningkat pada Siklus II menjadi 30 siswa (94% dari jumlah siswa keseluruhan). Karena ketuntasan klasikal sudah tercapai dan partisipasi aktif siswa meningkat maka penelitian dihentikan sampai Siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil observasi partisipasi aktif dan nilai hasil belajar siswa tiap akhir siklus, didapatkan bahwa penggunaan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD mampu meningkatkan partisipasi aktif dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 2 Wagir Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 pada pembelajaran PPKn materi norma dan keadilan.
SIMBOL-SIMBOL DALAM DANIEL:
Authors: Hutahaean Hasahatan
Published: April 2021

Salah satu kesulitan dalam memahami kitab Daniel adalah karena banyaknya pemakaian symbol. Tulisan ini mengusulkan salah satu upaya keluar dari kekang warisan kesulitan tesrsebut.
Cytokine regulation of inflammatory processes in respiratory organs of rats exposed to the combined inhalation of chemicals in low concentrations
Authors: Barantseva Maria Yu. , Mukhamedieva Lana N. , Dadasheva Olga A. , Ozerov Dmitry S. , Pakhomova Anna A. , Tsarkov Dmitry S. , Lashukov Pavel V.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Morphological studies of animals (trachea, bronchi, lungs) exposed to the combined inhalation of chemicals in low concentrations showed the progression of structural changes, indicating the activation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. The role of cytokine markers in developing inflammatory and fibrotic processes and remodeling lung tissue has been studied. Materials and methods. Male rats (180-200 g) were exposed to a mixture of chemicals (acetone, acetaldehyde, benzene) in low concentrations of 0.7-1.5; 0.9-1.4; 0.2-0.4 (mg/m3), respectively. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-1b, IL-4, TGFβ1, TNFα cytokines (pg/ml) have been measured in the lung homogenate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Microscopic anatomy of the lungs, tracheal wall, bronchi has been studied on the 30th day of exposure and the 15th and 90th days of the recovery period. Results. An increase in interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor TGFβ1 in the homogenate of the lung tissue was shown. An increase in lymphatic follicles, the number of lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and focal accumulations of eosinophils has been observed in the tracheal wall. In lymphoid infiltrates of the lung tissue - eosinophils, macrophages, and plasmocytes. Accumulation of eosinophilic exudate has been observed in some alveoli. The 90th day of the recovery period is characterized by a significant increase of TGFβ1 in the lung tissue, indicating fibrosis, as evidenced by the rise in the number of fibroblasts between the alveoli in the atelectasis zones of lungs. Conclusion. The chronic combined exposure to the mixture of chemicals in low concentrations is accompanied by a pro-inflammatory process in the lungs with the type II hypersensitivity and increasing IL-4 and TGFβ1 (a key mediator of profibrotic activity).
Keshya drugs in Bhava Prakasha Nighantu: A Review
Authors: Vishwakarma Dhiraj Kumar , Bhola Sonal
Published: April 2021

Beauty has very important role in our life. Hair plays very vital role in our beauty. A human body without hair would be seen just as a tree without leaves. So everyone has an ambition that his/her hair should be long, black and thick. As the hair is a beauty for women as well as men also, hair plays a significant role in personality. From the ancient time, hair has got exceptional place in our poetry especially for describing the beauty of women. In Ayurveda hairs are known as Kesha and the drugs which are suitable to hairs, are known as Keshya drugs. In this article we have made an effort to compile all the Keshya drugs which are described in Bhava Prakasha Nighantu.Â
Blood glucose lowering efficacy of Avartaki Churna in Streptozotocin-induced Hyperglycemia in rats
Authors: Nille Guruprasad C , R C Reddy K , Trigunayat Anshuman
Published: April 2021

Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Avartaki Churna (Cassia auriculata Linn.) in experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Avartaki Churna was prepared by the standard procedure of Churna Kalpana. Hyperglycemia was induced to create an equivalent to the diabetic state by giving streptozotocin (STZ) solution (intra-peritoneal [i.p.]) 35 mg/kg.Â  After assessment of hyperglycemia as an approximate induction of diabetes, Group IV animals were treated with 300 mg/kg of Avartaki Churna. For treatment comparison, Group III animals were treated with a standard hypoglycemic drug, glibenclamide 1 mg/kg. Blood sugar level was assessed by glucometer on the 7th, 14th, 21stÂ  and 28thÂ Â  day. Results: Avartaki Churna produced a significantly reduction of fasting blood glucose with various doses in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a 4-week study, Avartaki Churna produced a significant reduction in blood glucose compared to glibenclamide. Conclusion: Avartaki Churna and glibenclamide significantly reduced blood sugar level. The results were more significant with successive days in this in vivo comparative study.Â
Bhanga as an activity potentiater in Ayurvedic classics and Indian alchemy (Rasashastra): A critical review
Authors: Tavhare Swagata , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: April 2021

Bhavana (impregnation) and Swedana (boiling) are the processes used in Ayurvedic pharmacy for preparation of formulations containing the drugs of metallic, mineral and poisonous origin to make them safe and potent for internal administration. Drugs of herbal origins are primely used for the Bhavana process. Bhanga(Cannabis sativa Linn.) a drug with great medicinal potency has been highlighted for its Deepana(digestive stimulant), Pachana(digestive), Ruchya (Taste promoter), Madakari (intoxicant),Vyavayi(short acting),Grahi(withholds secretions),Medhya (memory booster), Rasayana (adapto-immuno-neuro-endocrino-modulator) activities were used as a processing media in many formulations. In 19th century, it is included in narcotic group of plants and its use, as a drug, has been restricted. In 21st century again, the drug is gaining attraction from scientific communities due to its wide pharmacological properties. However, there is no collective information available at a glance regarding the use of Bhanga in various processing techniques of classical formulations. Hence, it is the need of the time to present the comprehensive information on cannabis, as quoted in classical texts with probable research co-relation, so as to bring the drug again in to limelight. The present review aims to compile all the information about the use of cannabis as a activity potentiater so that it can be further practically utilized in pharmaceutics and clinics with legal permissions. A thorough review, from available 41 Rasagranthas (text related to Indian alchemy) and 26 classical texts was carried out to compile the information about formulations where Bhanga is used as process media. The review shows that; Bhanga has been used, as a pharmaceutical processing agent, in 157 formulations being indicated in 40 different disease conditions. Among them, in 154 formulations, it is used as Bhavana media and in 3 formulations as a Swedana media. The present observation could help the future researchers to explore the drug for therapeutic utilities.
Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Actiniopteris dichotoma Bedd.
Authors: Singh Harjeet , C Murali Krishna , Kumar Sanjiv , Mangal Anupam K
Published: April 2021

The rhizome and fronds of Actiniopteris dichotoma Bedd. has been reported to treat worm infestations, skin diseases, antifertility, diarrhoea and dysentery in Ayurveda. The present investigation involves the macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical evaluation and preliminary phytochemical studies of Actiniopteris dichotoma Bedd. These observations will help in carrying out further research on this plant.Â
Study of the efficacy of Shardul Ghanvati in the management of Udara - Jatodakawastha
Authors: Mehta SudarshanKumar R , D Londhe P
Published: April 2021

The clinical research study was carried out on 30 pateints of Udara-Jatodakawastha to evaluate the efficacy of Shardul Ghanavati in the management of Udara-Jatodakawstha, The study was conducted at department of Kayachikitsa, Aryangla Ayurvedic College and Hospital Satara, Maharashtra. For assessment of result patient was investigated before after for Hemogram, Liver function test & USG Abdomen. Clinical features like Abdominal girth, change in weight, Breathlessness, yellowness of sclera, pedal edema and loss of appetite were assessment criteria for analysis of result.The study reveals that Shardul Ghanavati has significant role in management of Udara-Jatodakawastha, The total efficacy of treatment was found 59.37 % in subjective criteria, and significant result found in objective criteria (weight & girth measurement), as well as supplementary criteria in period of two months.In sitting position 11.97 % reduction in abdominal girth, In supine position 11.34 % reduction in abdominal girth & mean score reduction in weight 12.48% take place. Also it gives immediate relief to patient by doing â€œVirechanaâ€ karma, which is pradhan chikitsa of Udara-Jatodakawastha.
Management of Urdhvaga Amlapitta with Vamana: A Case Study
Authors: Thakur Rajkor , Wetal Vishakha
Published: April 2021

Amlapitta is a disease of Annahava Srotas and is more common in the present scenario of unhealthy diets and regimens. The case of Amlapitta, was managed with Vamana, one of the Panchakarma therapy, as indicated in â€˜Kashyap Samhita.â€™ Case: A 29 year old male patient presented with complaints of pitta udiran, sour belching (amlodgara), burning sensation in throat and chest (hritkanthadaha), indigestion (avipaka) and ajeerna since 2 years. Management: Pachan was done with Hingvashtak churna. Internal oleation with Kantakari ghrita in increasing dose. External oleation and sudation was done with Sesame oil. For Vamana Akantha pan godugdha was used. Vamana dravya was madanphala churna (2gm), yashtimadhu churna (2gm), vacha churna (1gm), saindhav (2gm) (chatan with madh). Yashtimadhu kwath was used as Vamanaopag dravya. Result and conclusion: The patient was asked for follow-up after 7 days. Then the patient was asked to come for follow-up after every six months. It was seen that patient got complete relief from pitta udiran, sour belching (amlodgara), burning sensation in throat and chest (hritkanthadaha), indigestion (avipaka) and indigestion (ajeerna) on day 7. And it also seen that there was no recurrence of Amlapitta even after one and half year. Thus Vamana therapy in patient of Amlapitta is effective and shows long term relief from the symptoms.
Ksharasutra Ligation Treatment for Arsha (3rd Degree Piles): A Case Report
Authors: Chauhan Priyanka Pravinbhai , Gupta Sanjay Kumar
Published: April 2021

Ksharasutra treatment is in practice since ancient time as Sushruta has mentioned its application in Nadivrana, Arbuda and Arsha in Sushruta Samhita. It is safe, effective and economical for treatment of piles with least side effect. In this study, a patient was suffering from 3rd degree interno-external pile masses at 3, 7 and 11 oâ€™clock with one secondary pile mass at 5 oâ€™clock position of anal canal. All pile masses were treated with Ksharasutra ligation (KSL) under spinal anaesthesia. Post operative assessment was done daily by recording the relief observed in signs and symptoms. The ligated pile masses were cut through by 6th / 7th post operative day and resultant wounds were healed latest by 25 day uneventfully. There were some advantages observed in Ksharasutra ligation in management of 3rd degree piles which is shared in this case report
Anti Hyperglycemic, Anti Oxidant, Anti Hyperlipidemic & Nephroprotective Effect of Stevioside in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Scaria Ambily , Kamath Jagadhish V , Chakraborty Manodeep
Published: April 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo the antihyperglycemic, anti oxidant,antihyperlipidemic and nephroprotective effects of Stevioside against Alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Materials and Methods: In this model diabetes was induced using Alloxan (125 mg/kg, i.p) and the prophylactic treatment was started 48 hours after Alloxan injection for 28 days. The protective effect of the treatment with standard (Glibenclamide 0.5mg/kg, p.o) and Stevioside (250 mg/kg. p.o) were analyzed by estimating the serum levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein, total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and antioxidants like SOD, catalase and lipid peroxidation. Key Findings: This study demonstrates that Stevioside improved hyperglycemia and maintained antioxidant status and reduced total cholesterol, TG, urea, creatinine and albumin and lipid peroxidation levels when compared to toxic control. The protective effect of Stevioside against Alloxan induced diabetic nephropathy in rats was also supported by histopathologic findings.The results of the present study are encouraging for its potential use to delay the onset and progression of diabetic renal complications. However, the translation of therapeutic efficacy in humans requires further studies.
ANALYSIS OF LEARNING DIFFICULTIES WITH FRACTIONS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: FOCUSING ON THE SCOPE, SEQUENCE AND MODELS OF FRACTIONS
Authors: Kusaka Satoshi
Published: April 2021

Purpose: This study aims to compare and analyze learning content with regard to fractions, the order in which that content is taught in primary school mathematics curricula, and how it is presented in textbooks in three eastern and southern African countries, Zambia, Ethiopia, and Mozambique as well as to clarify the characteristics of the instruction concerning fraction in each of these countries.

Methodology: Firstly, we refer to the curriculum to extract information about the learning contents and their order in each grade. Secondly, concerning the meaning of fractions, we refer to the textbooks since we cannot clearly judge from the description in the curriculum. Thirdly, we focus on the common points and differences among the three countries and analyze the causes of difficulty in learning fractions.

Findings: There is a significant discrepancy between the grades in learning fractions among the three countries. In addition, the learning order differs to a certain degree. A common feature of the three countries regarding the order is the multiplication and division of fractions. For all three countries, while the addition and subtraction of fractions and types of fractions are handled separately by different grades, the multiplication and division are all taught in one grade. Further, how the meaning of fractions is taught is common to all three countries. In all the countries, the part-whole concept of fractions is mainly employed, and the fraction as measurement concept is not taught at all. Unfortunately, since children learn without considering fractions as measurements, their understanding of fractions will be limited.

Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Regarding fraction, basic research on the teaching content and their order in African countries have not been conducted extensively. While improving the quality of education is a common goal globally, it is paramount to analyze the difficulty in learning fractions from the perspectives of the intended curriculum and textbook. The result will be the implication for revising the curriculum and suggestions for teaching fractions.
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION: THE ROLE OF CAREGIVER CHARACTERISTICS ON ADOPTION OF ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION SERVICES OF CHILDREN AGED 0-5 YEARS IN BOMET COUNTY
Authors: Amatu Mary , Mberia Professor Hellen , Wa Ngula Dr. Kyalo
Published: April 2021

Purpose: An estimated two to three million annual deaths from Vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) are preventable through immunization. Currently about 19.5 million infants miss out on routine immunization globally. The study examined the role of caregiver characteristics in persuasive communication on adoption of routine immunization of children aged 0-5 years in Bomet County – Kenya.

Methodology: This study self-funded, was a cross-sectional hospital based study, employing a mixed method research design. A sample of 384 caregivers participated in the study.Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis tests was conducted to ascertain the reliability and validity of study instruments. Chi-square test was done to establish the relationship between caregiver characteristics and adoption of routine immunization. Data was collected using interviewer administered questionnaires and KII guide.

Findings: The response rate was 95.1% with majority of the respondents in the age bracket of 19-25 at 42.2% and 61.4% were married with 36.9 % of the respondents reporting to be housewives. Majority of the respondent had primary level of education at 53.7 %, followed by secondary level those had attained only primary level of education with only 8.8% having attained tertiary level of education and those who had no level of education were 1.9%. On caregiver knowledge, 93.4% did not know any vaccines given to children. However, out of those that had knowledge on the vaccines, 66.3% agreed vaccines have side effects, though majorly they were mythical. Caregiver attitude on routine immunization was found to be negative.

Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: The optimal model indicated that for every unit of Caregiver characteristic, the value of adoption changed by 0.386. The study concluded that caregiver characteristics had positive influence on adoption of routine immunization. The study recommended that routine immunization messages be made frequently available, targeted and tailored to the caregivers. Secondly, the community should be involved in advocacy towards adoption of routine immunization, to create ownership and adoption sustainability. Additionally, health workers should be motivated towards good practices in Healthworker-client communication specifically, persuasive communication to build trust from the caregivers.

Contribution to practice and policy: Adoption of the study findings by the policy makers, will contribute to achieving the recommended 90%, fully immunized coverage. This in turn will reduce vaccine preventable diseases both in the study area and can be generalizing to settings with similar challenges in adoption of routine immunization.