bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a fast and secure fingerprint authentication system based on a novel encoding scheme
Authors: Harikrishnan D , Sunil Kumar N , Joseph Shelbi , Nair Kishor Krishnan
Published: October 2019

Fingerprint-based authentication systems in general are prone to several security vulnerabilities. Authentication systems such as Biometric crypto systems, Cancellable templates and Bio-hashing provide a solution for addressing these vulnerabilities. But these systems are vulnerable to the unauthorized access resulting from the spoofed fingerprint templates by the fraudulent users. Hence, it is essential to enhance the features of the existing Biometric fingerprint-based authentication systems. An extensive research has been carried out by various researchers on the existing fingerprint authentication system techniques and it is found that none of them are fully capable of eliminating the security vulnerabilities. Fingerprint authentication system technique based on one time fingerprint template provides a solution for this by generating one time template from the fingerprint features. Although this method addresses vulnerability issues to a certain extent, improvements are highly essential particularly in terms of their security and performance. There are several systems based on finger code, where fingerprint features will be converted into finger code using a circular tessellation technique. Although authentication based on this technique improves security, the possibility of compromising the finger code is a huge threat, which needs to be addressed. In this paper, an innovative model is proposed which generates a secure one time finger code during every user authentication. It is generated using finger code obtained from minutiae vectors using a circular tessellation approach, pseudo-random number generators and timestamp, which are generated during every user transaction session. This unique encoding approach makes it extremely difficult for an unauthorized user to decode the generated finger code that is used for a particular authentication session. Thus, the possibility of compromise of original fingerprint can be avoided and thus security of biometric system can be enhanced. The proposed system also provides better performance in terms of its accuracy, processing speed and complexity.
A foetus during labour is legally a human being
Authors: Cioffi Andrea , Cioffi Fernanda
Published: October 2019

On 30 January 2019, in a case involving a midwife who caused the death of a foetus, the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation established that the foetus during labour, while still within the maternal womb, is a human being with all associated rights (judgment number 27539). This claim has an obvious legal consequence: anyone causing the death of a foetus during labour is guilty not of culpable abortion but of culpable homicide. This ruling paves the way for legal and bioethical debate aimed at establishing the precise moment when a foetus is no longer a potential human being but an actual human being. The consequences of this ruling will also be evident in the debate on abortion.
Surveillance-Based Estimate of the Prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, New York City, 2016
Authors: Moore Miranda S. , Bocour Angelica , Winters Ann
Published: October 2019

Objectives:

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a lifelong infection that can cause serious liver damage and liver cancer. The last surveillance-based prevalence estimate of chronic HBV infection in New York City was 1.2% in 2008; however, it did not account for persons with undiagnosed infection. The objective of this study was to calculate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, including undiagnosed infection, for 2016 by using surveillance data and literature-based information.

Methods:

We calculated the number of persons with diagnosed chronic HBV infection (2000-2016) who were alive and living in New York City in 2016 by using routine surveillance data. We estimated the percentage of persons with undiagnosed chronic HBV infection by using birth region–specific percentages from the literature, weighted by the proportion of the New York City population with diagnosed chronic HBV infection from the same birth region. We identified minimum, maximum, and most likely values for the percentage with undiagnosed chronic HBV infection to generate 95% certainty limits (CLs) of the prevalence estimate.

Results:

The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in 2016, including undiagnosed infection, in New York City was 2.7% (95% CL, 2.2%-3.6%), representing approximately 230 000 persons. The prevalence of diagnosed chronic HBV infection was 1.5%. The estimated prevalence among non–US-born residents was 6.9% (95% CL, 5.4%-8.9%).

Conclusions:

The current burden of chronic HBV infection in New York City, especially for non–US-born residents, is substantial. A renewed focus and dedication of resources is required to increase the number of new diagnoses and improve provider capacity to care for the large number of persons with chronic HBV infection.
Optical fiber-based sensors as an experimental tool to assess the weft and warp yarn tension beam-to-roll in rapier weaving machines
Authors: De Pauw Ben , Berghmans Francis , Thienpont Hugo , Verdiere Piet , Geernaert Thomas
Published: October 2019

High cycle rates are important in commercial weaving machines to maximize productivity. Faster operation, however, can lead to higher tension on the yarns, which in turn increases the occurrence of yarn breakage and thus machine interruptions. Significant work has therefore been conducted to improve the many weaving machine components with the goal to attain higher production rates without increasing the yarn loads. Quantifying the impact of such improvements is not always possible using conventional, indirect measurement techniques. In addition, these techniques are limited to locations with sufficient access to the yarn to mount a sensor, typically between the warp beam and the first harness.

In this paper, we show that the use of optical fiber-based sensors allows directly measuring the yarn tension in both the warp and weft directions in the region from the warp beam to the fabric rolls in rapier-type weaving machines. To do so, we replaced one warp and one weft yarn with an optical fiber equipped with strain sensors and measured strain throughout the subsequent weaving process. The small diameter of the optical fiber allowed minimizing our intrusion on the weaving operation. Our main observations are four-fold. Firstly, we demonstrated how the strain on the warp yarns evolves during the weaving cycle and we used this to focus on the beat-up phase for a low weaving resistance situation. Secondly, we monitored the warp yarn tension between the warp beam and the fabric rolls. Thirdly, we exploited the multiplexing capability of the optical fiber sensors to obtain a tension distribution along the width of the fabric in the weft direction between the reed to the fabric roll. Fourthly, we observed and identified the different phases of a yarn insertion (weft-wise) in a double rigid rapier machine.
The effort of partnership: Capacity development and moral capital in partnership for mutual gains
Authors: Casey Catherine , Delaney Helen
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the enactment of a strategic partnership undertaken by a large, multi-site company and several trade unions. The enterprise aimed to institute highly engaged practices of employee and management voice to create a collaborative culture throughout the organization. The study finds that five years since the inception of the project of institutional change, considerable challenges to its embedding and effectiveness remain. It also finds that particular characteristics of the partnership propose resource generation for addressing those challenges and progressing collaborative relations to mutual benefit. Substantive actor effort and organizational learning generate capacity for new relationships. That includes activation of moral capital including toleration, patience, mutual respect, reciprocity and trust.
What Space for Female Subjectivity in the Post-Secular?
Authors: Nilsson Mats , Tesfahuney Mekonnen
Published: October 2019

This article heeds previous calls for revitalized feminist accounts of gender and religion. Having identified post-secular female pilgrimages as practices that actuate a ‘third space’, we claim that it is a space that cannot be adequately theorized from within secular feminist perspectives and attendant conceptions of subjectivity, agency and autonomy. Nor do perspectives from religious studies and its conceptions of piety as expressions of subjectivity, agency and autonomy do justice to the spatialities and subjectivities of post-secular female pilgrims. The article aligns itself with the budding field of critical feminist studies of post-secularism. We argue that, in general, both the protagonists and the detractors of post-secularism fail to recognize feminist theorizations of religion, the post-secular debate in feminist studies, and the place and role of women in the emergence of the post-secular. Whence, our neologism post-sexularism.
Modification of oxygen consumption and blood flow in mouse somatosensory cortex by cell-type-specific neuronal activity
Authors: Dahlqvist Matilda K , Thomsen Kirsten J , Postnov Dmitry D , Lauritzen Martin J
Published: October 2019

Gamma activity arising from the interplay between pyramidal neurons and fast-spiking parvalbumin (PV) interneurons is an integral part of higher cognitive functions and is assumed to contribute significantly to brain metabolic responses. Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) responses were evoked by optogenetic stimulation of cortical PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. We found that CMRO2 responses depended on neuronal activation, but not on the power of gamma activity induced by optogenetic stimulation. This implies that evoked gamma activity per se is not energy demanding. Optogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons during somatosensory stimulation reduced excitatory neuronal activity but did not potentiate O2 consumption as previously hypothesized. In conclusion, our data suggest that activity-driven CMRO2 responses depend on neuronal excitation rather than the cerebral rhythmic activity they induce. Excitation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons requires energy, but inhibition of cortical excitatory neurons by interneurons does not potentiate activity-driven energy consumption.
The Femoral Footprint Position of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Might Be a Predisposing Factor to a Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Dimitriou Dimitris , Wang Zhongzheng , Zou Diyang , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Helmy Naeder
Published: October 2019

Background:

Although the femoral tunnel position is crucial to anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the recommendations for the ideal femoral footprint position are mostly based on cadaveric studies with small sample sizes, elderly patients with unknown ACL status, and 2-dimensional techniques. Furthermore, a potential difference in the femoral ACL footprint position and ACL orientation between ACL-ruptured and ACL-intact knees has not been reported in the literature.

Hypothesis:

The femoral ACL footprint position and ACL orientation vary significantly between ACL-ruptured and matched control ACL-intact knees.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Magnetic resonance images of the knees of 90 patients with an ACL rupture and 90 matched control participants who had a noncontact knee injury without an ACL rupture were used to create 3-dimensional models of the femur and tibia. The ACL footprints were outlined on each model, and their positions (normalized to the lateral condyle width) as well as ACL orientations were measured with an anatomic coordinate system.

Results:

The femoral ACL footprint in patients with an ACL rupture was located at 36.6% posterior and 11.2% distal to the flexion-extension axis (FEA). The ACL orientation was 46.9° in the sagittal plane, 70.3° in the coronal plane, and 20.8° in the transverse plane. The ACL-ruptured group demonstrated a femoral ACL footprint position that was 11.0% more posterior and 7.7% more proximal than that of the control group (all P < .01). The same patients also exhibited 5.7° lower sagittal elevation, 3.1° higher coronal plane elevation, and 7.9° lower transverse plane deviation (all P < .01). The optimal cutoff value of the femoral ACL footprint position to prevent an ACL rupture was at 30% posterior and 12% distal to the FEA.

Conclusion:

The ACL femoral footprint position might be a predisposing factor to an ACL rupture. Patients with a >30% posterior and <12% distal position of the femoral ACL footprint from the FEA might have a 51.2-times increased risk of an ACL rupture.
Weld line strength factors in a reinforced injection molded part: Relationship with predicted fiber orientation
Authors: Quintana Maria C , Frontini Patricia
Published: October 2019

In this work, the residual strength of a fiber-reinforced injection molded part containing a hot weld line—or meld line—was evaluated. Injected plates were generated using a double-gated mold under four different process conditions. Quantification of the weld line detrimental effect was made in base on a fracture mechanics experiment. Specimens with and without the weld line—obtained from the same plates—were tested under a clamped single edge notched tension (SENT) configuration. For each set of process conditions, a relative weld line strength factor was defined in terms of the maximum applied stress intensity factor (KImax) as: KImax of specimens with weld line/KImax of specimens without weld line. In parallel, the fiber distribution pattern was obtained by process simulation software Moldex3D. An orientation factor was determined from simulation in order to quantify the effect of the local fiber orientation around the weld line. Optimal process condition and the most significant variable influencing the weld line strength were calculated via statistical analysis. Results showed a clear correlation between the weld line strenght factors and the orientaion factor. It was demonstrated that the fracture performance of the weld line region is controlled by the fiber orientation arrangement developed on that zone.
Fibrinogen Levels and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events in Older Adults With Both Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bordignon Alessandra , Trevisan Caterina , Devita Maria , Bizzotto Marianna , Celli Silvia , Girardi Agostino , Sergi Giuseppe , Corti Maria Chiara , Manzato Enzo , Coin Alessandra
Published: October 2019

Depression and cognitive impairment have been identified as risk factors for cerebrovascular events (CVE), and one of their potential etiological pathways is inflammatory status. This prospective study aims to investigate the association between inflammatory markers and the risk of CVE in a population of 2659 older adults, enrolled in the Progetto Veneto Anziani (Pro.V.A.), with depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, or both conditions. For each individual, we assessed at baseline the presence of depressive symptoms (defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale ≥11), cognitive impairment (defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination <24), and serum levels of fibrinogen, white blood cells (WBC), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). During a 4.4-year follow-up, 188 (7.1%) participants had CVE. Among the inflammatory markers, high fibrinogen values were associated with a 50% higher risk of CVE in the whole sample, and with a 4-fold higher risk in individuals with both depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment (hazard ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.45-11.23). Elevated WBC were associated with a 5% higher risk of CVE in the whole sample and in those with both conditions. No significant association was observed with the ESR. In conclusion, our study found that high fibrinogen levels may predict the risk of CVE in older people with concomitant depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. Therefore, fibrinogen could be considered as an easily accessible aging biomarker, which might estimate the chronic inflammatory status and its potential detrimental effects on the most vulnerable older adults.
Framing Care: Gender, Labour and Governmentalities
Authors: Palriwala Rajni
Published: October 2019

Care is performed at the intersections of various social differentiations in which its gendering appears tenacious. This article delineates four thematic clusters that variously focus on the work, relations, practices and politics of care, and elaborates on some organising concepts, studies and arguments. These framings overlap and question each other: the sexual division of labour, mothering, the economic and social value of women’s domestic work and the work/care regime; gendered critiques of welfare regimes and a care regime; the care economy, a sharpening care crisis and care deficit with neo-liberal policies and demands for a work–life balance; and the rationalities, biopolitics and governmentalities of the social organisation and morality of care. Discussions diverge and converge in debates on the making of gender relations in work and political economy. Taking the labour of care seriously in the struggle against women’s subordination and gender inequalities appears inescapable.
Book review: Malavika Karlekar, Memories of Belonging: Images from the Colony and Beyond
Authors: Chatterji Roma
Published: October 2019

Malavika Karlekar, Memories of Belonging: Images from the Colony and Beyond. New Delhi, India: Niyogi Books, 2015. 224 pages. ₹795, ISBN: 9383098597.
Some Reflections on Educated Mothering
Authors: Panda Gayatri
Published: October 2019

On the basis of interviews of a total of 75 mothers belonging to varied socio-economic backgrounds in a village in Odisha, this article argues that educated mothers play an active role in family decision-making processes that relate to daughters’ education and future career paths. From the early school years of their children, educated mothers use their informed experiences to sketch future career paths. The views of mothers on children’s present schooling and their ideas about further education and occupation plans are discussed. The present exploratory empirical village study finds that irrespective of their caste origins, the educational attainment of mothers brings a change in their outlook, gives them confidence to guide children’s schooling and participate in the family decision-making processes on education and career goals.
The contribution of maternal executive functions and active coping to dyadic affective dynamics: Children with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers
Authors: Zaidman-Zait Anat
Published: October 2019

Parenting is a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral endeavor, where parents’ control capacities, including executive functions and active control coping, help parents to guide and regulate interactions with their children; yet limited research investigates how these capacities are associated with parent–child affective regulation processes during parent–child interactions. This study examined whether maternal executive functions (sustained attention, interference inhibitory control, working memory) and active engaged coping were related to dyadic affective flexibility and positive mutual affective interactions between mothers and their young children with autism spectrum disorders (N = 40). Dyadic flexibility and mutual positive affect were measured using dynamic systems-based modeling of second-by-second affective patterns during a mother–child interaction. The results showed that higher levels of maternal sustained attention and inhibitory control were related to increased dyadic affective flexibility. In addition, higher levels of maternal sustained attention and higher use of engaged coping were related to dyadic mutual positive affect. The findings highlight the importance of maternal cognitive control capacity in promoting adaptive parent–child dyadic regulatory processes.
Identifying prognostic markers in autism spectrum disorder using eye tracking
Authors: Bacon Elizabeth C , Moore Adrienne , Lee Quimby , Carter Barnes Cynthia , Courchesne Eric , Pierce Karen
Published: October 2019

While many children with autism spectrum disorder are now detected at young ages given the rise in screening and general awareness, little is known regarding the prognosis of early detected children. The brain is shaped by experience-dependent mechanisms; thus, what a child pays attention to plays a pivotal role in shaping brain development. Eye tracking can provide an index of a child’s visual attention and, as such, holds promise as a technology for revealing prognostic markers. In this, 49 children aged 1–3 years with autism spectrum disorder participated in an eye-tracking test, the GeoPref Test, that revealed preference for social versus nonsocial images. Next, children participated in a comprehensive test battery 5–9 years following the initial GeoPref Test. Statistical tests examined whether early age eye tracking predicted later school-age outcomes in symptom severity, social functioning, adaptive behavior, joint attention, and IQ. Results indicated that toddlers with higher preference for geometric images demonstrated greater symptom severity and fewer gaze shifts at school age. This relationship was not found in relation to IQ or adaptive behavior. Overall, the GeoPref Test holds promise as a symptom severity prognostic tool; further development of eye-tracking paradigms may enhance prognostic power and prove valuable in validating treatment progress.
The importance of effective registries in pulmonary diseases and how to optimize their output
Authors: Chorostowska-Wynimko Joanna , Wencker Marion , Horváth Ildikó
Published: October 2019

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are essential for the approval of new therapies; however, because of their design, they provide little insight concerning disease epidemiology/etiology and current clinical practice. Particularly, in lung disease, rigid inclusion/exclusion criteria can limit the generalizability of pivotal trial data. Noninterventional studies (NIS), conducted through the well-established mechanism of patient registries, are undervalued as a means to close data gaps left by RCTs by providing essential data that can guide patient care at different levels from clinical decision-making to health-care policy. While NIS contribute valuable data in all disease areas, their importance in rare diseases cannot be underestimated. In respiratory disease, registries have been essential in understanding the natural history and different phenotypes of rare conditions, such as alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Importantly, additional therapeutic outcome data were generated. While measures for enhancing data quality in RCTs have evolved significantly, the approach and effectiveness of registries is variable. Within this article, we review the contribution of registries to pulmonary disease and make recommendations for their effective management. Additionally, we assess limitations of registry data as well as challenges to registry operation, including the impact of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation.
Textile elements for car seat to improve user’s driving comfort
Authors: Warska Michalina , Barburski Marcin , van Langenhove Lieva
Published: October 2019

The main motive for this research is the desire for the improvement of the automotive seat occupant’s comfort by designing a heating mat prototype made with distance knitting technology with heating elements. In this study, the following design steps were undertaken: preparation of the trajectories of heating cables, calculating the resistance needed to obtain the estimated power of the whole mat, testing of available electroconductive yarns to assign the most suitable yarn to a specific design, preparation and testing of five heating mat prototypes with three various trajectories of the heating element. All samples were evaluated with the same criteria in order to find the most promising design. After all experiments, a prototype with stainless-steel Bekaert® VN 12.2 coated yarn as a heating element, showed the best performance, especially in combination with distance knitted fabric thanks to its internal construction. This work demonstrates that a three-dimensional distance knitted fabric with a heating element introduced into its structure will ensure the physiological sitting comfort. After further subsequent studies, the proposed method can be adapted for industrialisation by using warp knitting machines, thus improving the quality and durability of the heating mat.
Informal professionalization of healthy participants in phase I clinical trials in Russia
Authors: Zvonareva Olga , Pimenov Igor , Kutishenko Natalia , Mareev Igor , Martsevich Sergey , Kulikov Evgeny
Published: October 2019

Background:

Previous social science research has shown how some healthy phase I trial participants identify themselves as workers and rely on trials as a major source of income. The term “professionalization” has been used to denote this phenomenon.

Purpose:

We aim to examine a component of healthy trial participants’ professionalization that has not yet been systematically studied: how repeat phase I trial participants develop and claim expertise that distinguishes them from others and makes them uniquely positioned to perform high-quality clinical trial labor. We also aim to explain the significance of these research results for protection of healthy participants in phase I trials.

Methods:

This qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Russia, in two phase I trial units. It involved semi-structured interviews with 28 healthy trial participants with varying lengths of experience in trials, observations of work done in trial units, and interpretive conversations with investigative staff.

Results:

Interviewed healthy individuals who repeatedly participate in phase I trials describe developing knowledge and skills that involve appreciating the meaning of trial procedures, coming up with techniques to efficiently follow them, organizing themselves and others in the course of a trial, and sharing tacit ways of doing trial work well with other less experienced participants. Our results suggest that a prerequisite for such expertise-centered professionalization is the emergence of a positive identity linked to seeing value in trial participation work. A crucial component of professionalization thus understood is the development of a work ethic that entails caring about results and being reliable partners for investigators.

Limitations:

The attitudes and behaviors presented in this article are not suggested to be universally shared among healthy trial participants, but rather represent a particular instance of professionalization that coexists with other views and tactics.

Conclusions:

A way of better protecting healthy trial participants begins with recognizing their skills, knowledge, and the centrality of the contribution they are making to pharmaceutical research. Currently, the expertise of experienced trial participants is recognized on the work floor only; therefore, the professionalization we described is informal. Yet, the informal professionalization process is inherently risky as it does not involve any change in the formal conditions of trial participants’ work. Instituting formal measures for protecting healthy trial participants as skilled workers combined with recognition of their expertise is essential.
The application of computed tomography for characterizing the pore structure of building materials
Authors: Claes Steven , Van De Walle Wouter , Islahuddin Muhammad , Janssen Hans
Published: October 2019

Three-dimensional analyses of the pore structure of building materials are becoming progressively more important in recent years. The main goal is to obtain more accurate interpretations and simulations of their properties and performances. Computed tomography has proven to be an excellent and versatile tool to perform these analyses non-destructively. The reconstruction of the pore structure is of high importance for establishing accurate models, as it plays a crucial role in determining important characteristics of building materials such as their hygrothermal, mechanical, or acoustic properties. These models allow us to better understand the results of corresponding laboratory tests and in the near future might replace these time-consuming experiments. In this article, the strengths and weaknesses of computed tomography as a data acquisition technique are examined and discussed.
NPY2R signaling gates spontaneous and mechanical, but not thermal, pain transmission
Authors: Chen Sihan , Liu Xian-Yu , Jiao Yingfu , Chen Zhou-Feng , Yu Weifeng
Published: October 2019

Neuropeptide Y signaling plays an important role in inhibiting chronic pain in the spinal cord of mice. However, little is known about the respective roles of two major neuropeptide Y receptors, Y1R and Y2R, in evoked and spontaneous pain behavior under normal physiological condition. Using intrathecal administration approach, we found that pharmacological inhibition of Y2R, unexpectedly, gave rise to spontaneous pain behavior. In addition, Y2R antagonism also resulted in long-lasting mechanical but not thermal hypersensitivity. By contrast, neither overt spontaneous pain behavior nor mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were detected after pharmacological inhibition of Y1R. Remarkably, the activation of Y1R produced powerful analgesic effect: blocking both evoked and spontaneous pain behavior resulted from Y2R antagonism. These findings highlight the pivotal role of endogenous Y2R in gating mechanical and spontaneous pain transmission. Importantly, our results suggest that Y1R could be a therapeutic target that may be exploited for alleviating spontaneous pain without affecting acute pain transmission.
Hypoglycemia Prevention via Personalized Glucose-Insulin Models Identified in Free-Living Conditions
Authors: Toffanin Chiara , Aiello Eleonora Maria , Cobelli Claudio , Magni Lalo
Published: October 2019

Background:

The objective of this research is to show the effectiveness of individualized hypoglycemia predictive alerts (IHPAs) based on patient-tailored glucose-insulin models (PTMs) for different subjects. Interpatient variability calls for PTMs that have been identified from data collected in free-living conditions during a one-month trial.

Methods:

A new impulse-response (IR) identification technique has been applied to free-living data in order to identify PTMs that are able to predict the future glucose trends and prevent hypoglycemia events. Impulse response has been applied to seven patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) of the University of Amsterdam Medical Centre. Individualized hypoglycemia predictive alert has been designed for each patient thanks to the good prediction capabilities of PTMs.

Results:

The PTMs performance is evaluated in terms of index of fitting (FIT), coefficient of determination, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with a population FIT of 63.74%. The IHPAs are evaluated on seven patients with T1D with the aim of predicting in advance (between 45 and 10 minutes) the unavoidable hypoglycemia events; these systems show better performance in terms of sensitivity, precision, and accuracy with respect to previously published results.

Conclusion:

The proposed work shows the successful results obtained applying the IR to an entire set of patients, participants of a one-month trial. Individualized hypoglycemia predictive alerts are evaluated in terms of hypoglycemia prevention: the use of a PTM allows to detect 84.67% of the hypoglycemia events occurred during a one-month trial on average with less than 0.4% of false alarms. The promising prediction capabilities of PTMs can be a key ingredient for new generations of individualized model predictive control for artificial pancreas.
Social-Experience and Temperamental Predictors of Rejection Sensitivity: A Prospective Study
Authors: Araiza Ashley M. , Freitas Antonio L. , Klein Daniel N.
Published: October 2019

Rejection sensitivity (RS) is the tendency for individuals to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to interpersonal rejection. Existing theory presumes that early experiences of rejection cause RS, although few studies have assessed this prospectively. Also relatively unstudied are individual differences in temperament that may contribute to RS. In a longitudinal study, we examined whether early social experiences and individual differences in temperament predict RS assessed subsequently. Results showed that positive early social experiences (ages 6 and 9 parents’ relationship quality and age 9 peer support) negatively predicted RS at age 12 and that negative affect (ages 6 and 9) positively predicted age-12 RS. These findings may have important implications for RS-reduction efforts and for understanding the many domain-specific manifestations of RS.
Politics of recognition in between antagonism and agonism: Exploring ‘mediated agonism’ in Jaffa
Authors: Ben-Arie Ronnen , Fenster Tovi
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a micro-geography research methodology that emphasizes the contested historiography of a house in 58 Shivtei Israel St in Jaffa. It explores the changing Palestinian/Israeli ownership of the house in its colonial urban setting, since 1948 until today, and analyses how it functions within current day urban planning and transformation. The detailed analysis of the specific allocation and planning procedure reveals how a binary conflict/consensus standpoint is not helpful to fully understand the political relations operating through the urban planning process. Rather, the paper suggests we need to think the relations between the two as a dynamic continuum along which we can locate the various claims of the different actors in the urban arena. This nuanced analysis helps us to uncover a contentious planning process which is based on contestation, tension and disagreement, but also on pragmatism and acceptance – a process through which the different actors reposition themselves with regard to their own and others’ objectives, beliefs and narratives of the urban space. Thus, the production of urban space could be understood as a dynamic process of controversy and dissent instead of as one of fixed and all-too-known positions and outcomes.
Slow nonviolence: Muslim women resisting the everyday violence of dispossession and marginalization
Authors: Piedalue Amy D
Published: October 2019

This paper draws upon ethnographic research with Muslim communities in Hyderabad, India and South Asian Muslim American communities in Seattle, USA, showcasing the work of grassroots women’s organizations that negotiate and theorize tangled webs of marginalization and their violent effects. Building from their insights, I offer a critical theorization of slow nonviolence, or ideas and actions focused on long-term, incremental (but substantial) change, which resist both the visible and invisible effects of structural violence. I argue that these organizations undertake slow nonviolence by responding to the slow violence of dispossession, operationalizing the everyday as a site of politics, and constructing more equitable relationships. This slow nonviolence varies across place and community, but demonstrates a purposeful effort to contest violence as organizers encounter it, as a complex, everyday, layered, diffuse, slow, and yet material reality.
Reconstruction of Combined Full-Thickness Defect of the Lateral Canthus and Lateral Upper and Lower Third Eyelids With an Extended Modification of the Fricke Flap, Periosteal Flap, and Conjunctival Flap
Authors: Griffin L. Ashley , McIntyre Benjamin C.
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

The Fricke flap was originally described in 1829 as a laterally based flap from the temporal region that could be used to reconstruct potentially total lower eyelid defects. There have been a few minor modifications of this flap to allow for adjustments of the donor site scar, but none that address the sequelae of brow elevation and allow for reconstruction of a composite defect of the lateral canthus, lateral upper, and lower eyelids. We report our modification of the Fricke flap that allows for total reconstruction of these structures.

Clinical Report:

A 61-year-old male presented with composite defect of the lateral eyelids and canthus following resection of a basal cell carcinoma by Mohs technique. A Fricke flap was designed and modified to included elements of the above brow and below brow skin as an additional pennant flap. A “Y” shaped periosteal flap and inferior fornix conjunctival flap were also used to reconstruct the posterior lamella. Our surgical technique and follow-up are demonstrated.

Discussion:

Lateral eyelid and canthal reconstruction can be difficult to reconstruct with a single rotational flap from local sources. We describe our technique of modifying the Fricke flap to include an additional pennant of below brow skin that can be used to reconstruct the lateral eyelids and canthus allowing for a crisp lateral eyelid crease and acceptable donor site and aesthetic appearance.

Conclusions:

This is the first description of a modification of the Fricke flap that allows for total lateral eyelid and canthus reconstruction.
A review of single phase adaptive auto-reclosing schemes for EHV transmission lines
Authors: Khan Waqar Ahmad , Bi Tianshu , Jia Ke
Published: October 2019

Statistics shows that transients produced by lightning or momentary links with external objects, have produced more than 80% of faults in overhead lines. Reclosing of circuit breaker (CB) after a pre-defined dead time is very common however reclosing onto permanent faults may damage the power system stability and aggravate severe damage to the system. Thus, adaptive single-phase auto-reclosing (ASPAR) based on investigating existing electrical signals has fascinated engineers and researchers. An ASPAR blocks CB reclosing onto permanent faults and allows reclosing permission once secondary arc is quenched. To address the subject, there have been many ASPARs techniques proposed based on the features trapped in a faulty phase. This paper presents a critical survey of adaptive auto-reclosing schemes that have hitherto been applied to EHV transmission lines.
Estimands and the Patient Journey: Addressing the Right Question in Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Degtyarev Evgeny , Zhang Yiyun , Sen Kapildeb , Lebwohl David , Akacha Mouna , Hampson Lisa V. , Bornkamp Bjoern , Maniero Antonella , Bretz Frank , Zuber Emmanuel
Published: October 2019

The diversity of patient journeys can raise fundamental questions regarding the evaluation of drug effects in clinical trials to inform clinical practice. When defining the treatment effect of interest in a trial, the researcher needs to account for events occurring after treatment initiation, such as the start of a new therapy, before observing the end point. We review the newly introduced estimand framework to structure discussions on the relationship between patient journeys and the treatment effect of interest in oncology trials. In 2017, the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use released a draft addendum to its E9 guideline. The addendum introduces the concept of an estimand to precisely describe the treatment effect of interest. This estimand framework provides a structured approach to discuss how to account for intercurrent events that occur after random assignment and may affect the assessment or interpretation of the treatment effect. The framework is expected to improve coherence between trial objectives, design, analysis, and interpretation, as illustrated by examples in oncology disease settings. The estimand framework was applied to design a trial for a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. The treatment effect of interest was carefully defined considering the range of patient journeys expected for this particular indication and treatment. The trial design was developed accordingly to assess that treatment effect. All parties involved in the design of clinical trials need to consider possible patient journeys to define appropriate treatment effects and corresponding trial designs and analysis strategies. The estimand framework provides a common language to address the complexity introduced by varied patient journeys.
Rat cytomegalovirus-encoded γ-chemokine vXCL1 is a highly adapted, species-specific agonist for rat XCR1-positive dendritic cells
Authors: Bauer Agnieszka , Madela Julia , Berg Christian , Daugvilaite Viktorija , Gurka Stephanie , Mages Hans Werner , Kroczek Richard A. , Rosenkilde Mette M. , Voigt Sebastian
Published: October 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) expressing the chemokine receptor XCR1 are specialized in antigen cross-presentation to control infections with intracellular pathogens. XCR1-positive (XCR1+) DCs are attracted by XCL1, a γ-chemokine secreted by activated CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. Rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) is the only virus known to encode a viral XCL1 analog (vXCL1) that competes for XCR1 binding with the endogenous chemokine. Here we show that vXCL1 from two different RCMV strains, as well as endogenous rat XCL1 (rXCL1) bind to and induce chemotaxis exclusively in rat XCR1+ DCs. Whereas rXCL1 activates the XCR1 Gi signaling pathway in rats and humans, both of the vXCL1s function as species-specific agonists for rat XCR1. In addition, we demonstrate constitutive internalization of XCR1 in XCR1-transfected HEK293A cells and in splenic XCR1+ DCs. This internalization was independent of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and was enhanced after binding of vXCL1 and rXCL1; however, vXCL1 appeared to be a stronger agonist. These findings suggest a decreased surface expression of XCR1 during DC cultivation at 37°C, and subsequent impairment of chemotactic activity and XCR1+ DC function.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
An analysis of psychotherapies delivered online and in person for patients with chronic pain: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Authors: Haugh Stephanie , O'Connor Laura , Slattery Brian , Hanlon Michelle , Flynn Jack , Quinn Sarah , Jennings Caroline , McGuire Brian E.
Published: October 2019

Introduction: There is increasing evidence for the use of psychotherapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and mindfulness based stress reduction therapy, as an approach to management of chronic pain. Similarly, online psychotherapeutic interventions have been shown to be efficacious, and to arguably overcome practical barriers associated with traditional face-to-face treatment for chronic pain. This is a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aiming to evaluate and rank psychotherapies (delivered in person and online) for chronic pain patients.

Methods/ design:Four databases, namely the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO will be searched from inception. Randomised controlled trials that have evaluated psychological interventions for pain management delivered online or in person will be included in the review. Data will be independently extracted in duplicate and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool will be used to assess study quality. Measures of pain interference will be extracted as the primary outcome and measures of psychological distress will be extracted as the secondary outcome. A network meta-analysis will generate indirect comparisons of psychotherapies across treatment trials. Rankings of psychotherapies for chronic pain will be made available.  

Discussion:A variety of psychotherapies, delivered both online and in person, have been used in an attempt to help manage chronic pain. Although occasional head to head trials have been conducted, little evidence exists to help identify which psychotherapy is most effective in reducing pain interference. The current review will address this gap in the literature and compare the psychotherapies used for internet delivered and in person interventions for chronic pain in relation to the reduction of pain interference and psychological distress. Results will provide a guide for clinicians when determining treatment course and will inform future research into psychotherapies for chronic pain.

PROSPERO registration:CRD4201604851801/11/16
SIMULATOR ERROR STREAM IN THE DATA CHANNEL WHEN DIGITAL SIGNALS WITH SIXTEEN POSITIONAL QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MANIPULATION
Authors: Лавлинский В. , Lavlinskiy V. , Громов Юрий , Gromov Yuriy , Дидрих Валерий , Didrih Valeriy , Шелковников М. , Shelkovnikov M. , Провоторов А. , Provotorov A.
Published: October 2019

The variant of realization of the error flow simulator in the data transmission channel with the use of radio signals with sixteen-position quadrature amplitude manipulation is considered. The simulator is based on a phenomenological approach to modeling the problem of distinguishing elements of a digital signal when comparing euclidean distances. The developed simulator allows you to set the parameters of the error flow in the sequence of transmitted data, based on the technical characteristics of the data trans-mission and communication conditions in the radio channel. The adequacy of the results obtained in the simulation of the error flow is confirmed by their comparison with the theoretically justified characteristics of the error intensity in the data transmission channel in the case of quadra-tural amplitude manipulation.
A Behavioral Study on Abandonment Decisions in Multistage Projects
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Nasiry Javad , Wu Yaozhong
Published: October 2019

In uncertain environments, project reviews provide an opportunity to make “continue or abandon” decisions and thereby maximize a project’s expected payoff. We experimentally investigate continue/abandon decisions in a multistage project under two conditions: when the project is reviewed at every stage and when review opportunities are limited. Our results confirm findings in the literature that project abandonment tends to be delayed; yet, we also observe premature termination. Decisions are highly path dependent; in particular, subjects are more likely to abandon after observing reduced project value, and abandonment rate is higher near the middle—rather than near the beginning or end—of a project. Interestingly, when reviews are limited, subjects are less likely to continue a project that should be abandoned. At the same time, subjects are more inclined to review again after receiving negative (rather than positive) news. Our data are explained well by a model that incorporates three behavioral concepts—gains or losses from comparing the project value with an internal adaptive reference point, sunk cost bias, and status quo bias. Our work suggests that more frequent reviews need not lead to better project performance, and it also identifies contexts in which outside intervention is most valuable in project decision making.

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.