bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching Frequency Improvement of a High Speed on/off Valve Based on Pre-excitation Control Algorithm
Authors: Zhong Qi , Li Xiaotian , Mao Yongxin , Xu Enguang , Jia Tiwei , Li Yanbiao , Yang Huayong
Published: August 2024

The high-speed on/off valve (HSV) serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems. As the switching frequency of the HSV increases, the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids. Therefore, a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems. However, the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance, but neglect its FRC. This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time. The maximum switching frequency (MSF) is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio (SDR), whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR. Building upon these findings, the pre-excitation control algorithm (PECA) is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV, and consequently enhance its FRC. Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms, the closing delay time by 2.54 ms, and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms. As a result, a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20% to 70% were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz. Thus, the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.
Caregiver burden, mental health, quality of life and self-efficacy of family caregivers of persons with dementia in Malaysia: baseline results of a psychoeducational intervention study
Authors: Nasreen Hashima E. , Tyrrell Marie , Vikström Sofia , Craftman Åsa , Syed Ahmad Syarifah Amirah Binti , Zin Nora Mat , Aziz Karimah Hanim Abd , Mohd Tohit Noorlaili Binti , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Kabir Zarina Nahar
Published: August 2024

Background

The majority of persons with dementia (PWD) are mainly cared for by their family members in the home. Evidence is however scarce on family caregivers’ psychosocial burden and quality of life in Asian countries including Malaysia. This study describes the baseline data of a telephone-delivered psychoeducational intervention study and examines the determinants of outcome measures (caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy) among Malaysian family caregivers to PWD.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study originated from the baseline survey of a randomized control trial of 121 family caregivers recruited from lists of PWD who were registered at memory and psychiatry clinics in three tertiary care hospitals in Malaysia. The participants were assessed for caregiver burden by the Zarit Burden Interview, depressive and anxiety symptoms by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life by the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure Scale, and caregiving self-efficacy by the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy.

Results

Prevalence of caregiver burden was 69.4%, depressive symptoms 32.2% and anxiety symptoms 32.2%. Family caregivers to PWD having perceived peer support e.g., social/family/friend/significant other supports were less likely to report caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and more likely to report higher levels of quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Being married and PWD’s ability to self-care were associated with lesser likelihood of experiencing caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms. The other determinants of greater probability of reporting better quality of life were caregivers’ employment and having Islamic faith. Marital status (married), PWD’s ability to self-care, spousal relationship with PWD and shared caregiving process were associated with higher likelihood of reporting caregiving self-efficacy.

Conclusion

Caregiver burden, depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in family caregivers to PWD in Malaysia. Social support and caregiving related factors influence family caregivers’ quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy. Implementing psychoeducational intervention and support in the psychiatry and memory clinics may help improve the psychosocial burden, quality of life and caregiving self-efficacy in family caregivers of PWD.

Trial registration

ISRCTN14565552 (retrospectively registered).
Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and myocardial infarction in U.S. adults
Authors: Farfán Bajaña María José , Zevallos Juan Carlos , Chérrez-Ojeda Ivan , Alvarado Geovanny , Green Tiffany , Kirimi Betty , Jaramillo Daniel , Felix Miguel , Vanegas Emanuel , Farfan Alejandra , Cadena-Vargas Manuel , Simancas-Racines Daniel , Faytong-Haro Marco
Published: August 2024

Background

Compared with conventional cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are less harmful in some studies. However, recent research may indicate the opposite. This study aimed to determine whether e-cigarette use is related to myocardial health in adults in the U.S.

Methods

This study used data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional survey of adult US residents aged 18 years or older. We examined whether e-cigarette use was related to myocardial infarction byapplying a logistic regression model to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The final analytical sample included 198,530 adults in the U.S. Logistic regression indicated that U.S. adults who reported being former and some days of e-cigarette use had 23% and 52% greater odds of ever having an MI, respectively, than did those who reported never using e-cigarettes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.08–1.40, p = 0.001; OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.10–2.09, p = 0.010).

Conclusions

The results suggest that former and someday users of e-cigarettes probably have increased odds of myocardial infarction in adults in the U.S. Further research is needed, including long-term follow-up studies on e-cigarettes, since it is still unknown whether they should be discouraged.
A palliative care approach for adult non-cancer patients with life-limiting illnesses is cost-saving or cost-neutral: a systematic review of RCTs
Authors: Janke Katharina , Salifu Yakubu , Gavini Siva , Preston Nancy , Gadoud Amy
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients living with life-limiting illnesses other than cancer constitute the majority of patients in need of palliative care globally, yet most previous systematic reviews of the cost impact of palliative care have not exclusively focused on this population. Reviews that tangentially looked at non-cancer patients found inconclusive evidence. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for treatment efficacy, while total health care costs offer a comprehensive measure of resource use. In the sole review of RCTs for non-cancer patients, palliative care reduced hospitalisations and emergency department visits but its effect on total health care costs was not assessed. The aim of this study is to review RCTs to determine the difference in costs between a palliative care approach and usual care in adult non-cancer patients with a life-limiting illness.

Methods

A systematic review using a narrative synthesis approach. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO prospectively (no. CRD42020191082). Eight databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL, EconLit, EMBASE, TRIP database, NHS Evidence, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to January 2023. Inclusion criteria were: English or German; randomised controlled trials (RCTs); adult non-cancer patients (> 18 years); palliative care provision; a comparator group of standard or usual care. Quality of studies was assessed using Drummond’s checklist for assessing economic evaluations.

Results

Seven RCTs were included and examined the following diseases: neurological (3), heart failure (2), AIDS (1) and mixed (1). The majority (6/7) were home-based interventions. All studies were either cost-saving (3/7) or cost-neutral (4/7); and four had improved outcomes for patients or carers and three no change in outcomes.

Conclusions

In a non-cancer population, this is the first systematic review of RCTs that has demonstrated a palliative care approach is cost-saving or at least cost-neutral. Cost savings are achieved without worsening outcomes for patients and carers. These findings lend support to calls to increase palliative care provision globally.
Consider CUX1 variants in children with a variation of sex development: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tan Lynn , Young Shelley G. , Sinclair Andrew H. , Hunter Matthew F. , Ayers Katie L.
Published: August 2024

Background

The Cut Homeobox 1 (CUX1) gene has been implicated in a number of developmental processes and has recently emerged as an important cause of developmental delay and impaired intellectual development. Individuals with variants in CUX1 have been described with a variety of co-morbidities including variations in sex development (VSD) although these features have not been closely documented.

Case presentation

The proband is a 14-year-old male who presented with congenital complex hypospadias, neurodevelopmental differences, and subtle dysmorphism. A family history of neurodevelopmental differences and VSD was noted. Microarray testing and whole exome sequencing found the 46,XY proband had a large heterozygous in-frame deletion of exons 4–10 of the CUX1 gene.

Conclusions

Our review of the literature has revealed that variants in CUX1 are associated with a range of VSD and suggest this gene should be considered in cases where a VSD is noted at birth, especially if there is a familial history of VSD and/or neurodevelopmental differences. Further work is required to fully investigate the role and regulation of CUX1 in sex development.
CircUBA2 promotes the cancer stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer through upregulating STC1 via sponging miR-144-5p
Authors: Wang Jia-Bin , Lin Tong-Xing , Fan Deng-Hui , Gao You-Xin , Chen Yu-Jing , Wu Yu-Kai , Xu Kai-Xiang , Qiu Qing-zhu , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Lin Jian-Xian , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui
Published: August 2024

Background

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical factors that limit the effectiveness of gastric cancer (GC) therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are confirmed as important regulators of many cancers. However, their role in regulating CSC-like properties of GC remains largely unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the role of circUBA2 in CSC maintenance and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

We identified circUBA2 as an upregulated gene using circRNA microarray analysis. qRT-PCR was used to examine the circUBA2 levels in normal and GC tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to validate the role of circUBA2 in proliferation, migration, metastasis and CSC-like properties of GC cell. The relationship between circUBA2, miR-144-5p and STC1 was characterised using bioinformatics analysis, a dual fluorescence reporter system, FISH, and RIP assays.

Results

CircUBA2 expression was significantly increased in GC tissues, and patients with GC with high circUBA2 expression had a poor prognosis. CircUBA2 enhances CSC-like properties of GC, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Mechanistically, circUBA2 promoted GC malignancy and CSC-like properties by acting as a sponge for miR-144-5p to upregulate STC1 expression and further activate the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the ability of circUBA2 to enhance CSC-like properties was inhibited by tocilizumab, a humanised Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody. Thus, circUBA2 knockdown and tocilizumab synergistically inhibited CSC-like properties.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated the critical role of circUBA2 in regulating CSC-like properties in GC. CircUBA2 may be a promising prognostic biomarker for GC.

Graphical Abstract
Restrictive migration policies and their impact on HIV prevention, care and treatment services
Authors: Ekerin Olabode , Shomuyiwa Deborah Oluwaseun , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Agboola Oluwafemi Oluwaseun , Damilola Ayelawa Samuel , Onoja Silvia Ojonoka , Chikwendu Chisom Favour , Manirambona Emery
Published: August 2024

Migration policies have a significant impact on population health, particularly for individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These policies not only determine who is allowed to enter a country but also influence which immigrants can access services provided by the government. Some countries continue to impose restrictions on HIV-positive individuals, justifying these measures as necessary to protect public health and mitigate healthcare and economic concerns. However, these restrictions lack a valid public health rationale. Due to social, economic and political constraints, restrictive migration laws hinder access to HIV prevention, care and treatment services for immigrants living with HIV. Immigrants face numerous challenges in accessing medication, adhering to treatment regimens and benefitting from HIV preventive efforts. This situation increases the risk of HIV infection and adverse health outcomes due to limited access to preventive programmes, social stigma and engagement in risky behaviours. Additionally, these restrictive migration rules negatively affect immigrants’ mental health. To improve the health of both immigrants and host communities, inclusive and evidence-based migration policies that address healthcare through public health and human rights lenses are required.
Ameliorative effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on senescence associated phenotypes in naturally aged rats
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Zihui , Li Yun , Wu Yiqi , Yao Renqi , Cao Yuan , Wang Min , Zhou Feihu , Zhu Hanyu , Kang Hongjun
Published: August 2024

Background

Aging is a multifaceted process that affects all organ systems. With the increasing trend of population aging, aging-related diseases have resulted in significant medical challenges and socioeconomic burdens. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), due to their antioxidative stress, immunoregulatory, and tissue repair capabilities, hold promise as a potential anti-aging intervention.

Methods

In this study, we transplanted MSCs into naturally aged rats at 24 months, and subsequently examined levels of aging-related factors such as β-galactosidase, superoxide dismutase, p16, p21 and malondialdehyde in multiple organs. Additionally, we assessed various aging-related phenotypes in these aged rats, including immune senescence, lipid deposition, myocardial fibrosis, and tissue damage. We also conducted a 16 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) analysis to study the composition of gut microbiota.

Results

The results indicated that MSCs significantly reduced the levels of aging-associated and oxidative stress-related factors in multiple organs such as the heart, liver, and lungs of naturally aging rats. Furthermore, they mitigated chronic tissue damage and inflammation caused by aging, reduced levels of liver lipid deposition and myocardial fibrosis, alleviated aging-associated immunodeficiency and immune cell apoptosis, and positively influenced the gut microbiota composition towards a more youthful state. This research underscores the diverse anti-aging effects of MSCs, including oxidative stress reduction, tissue repair, metabolic regulation, and improvement of immune functions, shedding light on the underlying anti-aging mechanisms associated with MSCs.

Conclusions

The study confirms that MSCs hold great promise as a potential anti-aging approach, offering the possibility of extending lifespan and improving the quality of life in the elderly population.
Inflammatory breast cancer microenvironment repertoire based on DNA methylation data deconvolution reveals actionable targets to enhance the treatment efficacy
Authors: Calanca Naiade , Faldoni Flavia Lima Costa , Souza Cristiano Pádua , Souza Jeferson Santos , de Souza Alves Bianca Elen , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira , Wong Deysi Viviana Tenazoa , Lima-Junior Roberto César Pereira , Marchi Fabio Albuquerque , Rainho Claudia Aparecida , Rogatto Silvia Regina
Published: August 2024

Background

Although the clinical signs of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) resemble acute inflammation, the role played by infiltrating immune and stromal cells in this aggressive disease is uncharted. The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents molecular alterations, such as epimutations, prior to morphological abnormalities. These changes affect the distribution and the intricate communication between the TME components related to cancer prognosis and therapy response. Herein, we explored the global DNA methylation profile of IBC and surrounding tissues to estimate the microenvironment cellular composition and identify epigenetically dysregulated markers.

Methods

We used the HiTIMED algorithm to deconvolve the bulk DNA methylation data of 24 IBC and six surrounding non-tumoral tissues (SNT) (GSE238092) and determine their cellular composition. The prognostic relevance of cell types infiltrating IBC and their relationship with clinicopathological variables were investigated. CD34 (endothelial cell marker) and CD68 (macrophage marker) immunofluorescence staining was evaluated in an independent set of 17 IBC and 16 non-IBC samples.

Results

We found lower infiltration of endothelial, stromal, memory B, dendritic, and natural killer cells in IBC than in SNT samples. Higher endothelial cell (EC) and stromal cell content were related to better overall survival. EC proportions positively correlated with memory B and memory CD8+ T infiltration in IBC. Immune and EC markers exhibited distinct DNA methylation profiles between IBC and SNT samples, revealing hypermethylated regions mapped to six genes (CD40, CD34, EMCN, HLA-G, PDPN, and TEK). We identified significantly higher CD34 and CD68 protein expression in IBC compared to non-IBC.

Conclusions

Our findings underscored cell subsets that distinguished patients with better survival and dysregulated markers potentially actionable through combinations of immunotherapy and epigenetic drugs.
Prevalence and determinants of orthopedic surgical site infections in rural northern Ghana: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Salia Solomon Mohammed , Amesiya Robert , Adedia David , Bilson Halilu , Limeng Cletus Werebay
Published: August 2024

Background

The annual incidence of orthopedic surgeries has been steadily rising globally. The rise in orthopedic surgeries is associated with increased surgical site infection, which is linked with high mortality, extended hospital stays, and decreased quality of patient life. There is a dearth of knowledge on the magnitude and risk factors of orthopedic surgical site infections in Ghana.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and determinants of orthopedic surgical site infections in St. Theresa’s Hospital, Nandom.

Method

A retrospective cohort design among 1032 patients who underwent orthopedic surgeries between January 2014 and December 2018. Admission and patient record books constituted the data sources. The data were initially extracted into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, cleaned, and exported to SPSS version 27 and R for coding and analysis.

Results

The prevalence of orthopedic surgical site infection was 9.3%. The determinants of orthopedic surgical site infections were: male sex (OR = 2.33, 95%CI 1.04, 5.51) p = 0.04; self-employed (OR = 3.25, 95%CI 1.2, 10.29) p = 0.030; unemployed/retired (OR = 4.61, 95%CI 1.35, 17.72) p = 0.019; duration of admission (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 1.01, 1.05) p = 0.002; number of days on postoperative medications (OR = 1.21, 95%CI 1, 1.46) p = 0.045; white blood cell count (OR = 1.04, 95%CI 0.98, 1.08) p = 0.050; and revised surgery (OR = 9.89, 95%CI 5.32, 18.79) p = 0.001.

Conclusion

This study's prevalence of orthopedic surgical site infection was 9.3%. Surgical site infections are the most surveyed and common types of healthcare-associated infections that occur in low and middle-income countries. Several factors may contribute to these infections. Standardized guidelines are needed to consolidate the prevention of these infections globally.
Regulatory role of lncH19 in RAC1 alternative splicing: implication for RAC1B expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cordaro Aurora , Barreca Maria Magdalena , Zichittella Chiara , Loria Marco , Anello Denise , Arena Goffredo , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Coronnello Claudia , Pizzolanti Giuseppe , Alessandro Riccardo , Conigliaro Alice
Published: August 2024

Aberrant alternative splicing events play a critical role in cancer biology, contributing to tumor invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that alternative splicing is a key feature for transcriptomic variations in colorectal cancer, which ranks third among malignant tumors worldwide in both incidence and mortality. Long non-coding RNAs can modulate this process by acting as trans-regulatory agents, recruiting splicing factors, or driving them to specific targeted genes. LncH19 is a lncRNA dis-regulated in several tumor types and, in colorectal cancer, it plays a critical role in tumor onset, progression, and metastasis. In this paper, we found, that in colorectal cancer cells, the long non-coding RNA H19 can bind immature RNAs and splicing factors as hnRNPM and RBFOX2. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified 57 transcripts associated with lncH19 and containing binding sites for both splicing factors, hnRNPM, and RBFOX2. Among these transcripts, we identified the mRNA of the GTPase-RAC1, whose alternatively spliced isoform, RAC1B, has been ascribed several roles in the malignant transformation. We confirmed, in vitro, the binding of the splicing factors to both the transcripts RAC1 and lncH19. Loss and gain of expression experiments in two colorectal cancer cell lines (SW620 and HCT116) demonstrated that lncH19 is required for RAC1B expression and, through RAC1B, it induces c-Myc and Cyclin-D increase. In vivo, investigation from biopsies of colorectal cancer patients showed higher levels of all the explored genes (lncH19, RAC1B, c-Myc and Cyclin-D) concerning the healthy counterpart, thus supporting our in vitro model. In addition, we identified a positive correlation between lncH19 and RAC1B in colorectal cancer patients. Finally, we demonstrated that lncH19, as a shuttle, drives the splicing factors RBFOX2 and hnRNPM to RAC1 allowing exon retention and RAC1B expression. The data shown in this paper represent the first evidence of a new mechanism of action by which lncH19 carries out its functions as an oncogene by prompting colorectal cancer through the modulation of alternative splicing.
Phenotyping COVID-19 respiratory failure in spontaneously breathing patients with AI on lung CT-scan
Authors: Rezoagli Emanuele , Xin Yi , Signori Davide , Sun Wenli , Gerard Sarah , Delucchi Kevin L. , Magliocca Aurora , Vitale Giovanni , Giacomini Matteo , Mussoni Linda , Montomoli Jonathan , Subert Matteo , Ponti Alessandra , Spadaro Savino , Poli Giancarla , Casola Francesco , Herrmann Jacob , Foti Giuseppe , Calfee Carolyn S. , Laffey John , Bellani Giacomo , Cereda Maurizio ,   for the CT-COVID19 Multicenter Study Group, Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Bonaffini Pietro , Cazzaniga Matteo , Ottaviani Irene , Tavola Mario , Borgo Asia , Ferraris Livio , Serra Filippo , Gatti Stefano , Ippolito Davide , Tamagnini Beatrice , Gatti Marino , Arlotti Massimo , Gamberini Emiliano , Cavagna Enrico , Galbiati Giuseppe , De Ponti Davide
Published: August 2024

Background

Automated analysis of lung computed tomography (CT) scans may help characterize subphenotypes of acute respiratory illness. We integrated lung CT features measured via deep learning with clinical and laboratory data in spontaneously breathing subjects to enhance the identification of COVID-19 subphenotypes.

Methods

This is a multicenter observational cohort study in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure exposed to early lung CT within 7 days of admission. We explored lung CT images using deep learning approaches to quantitative and qualitative analyses; latent class analysis (LCA) by using clinical, laboratory and lung CT variables; regional differences between subphenotypes following 3D spatial trajectories.

Results

Complete datasets were available in 559 patients. LCA identified two subphenotypes (subphenotype 1 and 2). As compared with subphenotype 2 (n = 403), subphenotype 1 patients (n = 156) were older, had higher inflammatory biomarkers, and were more hypoxemic. Lungs in subphenotype 1 had a higher density gravitational gradient with a greater proportion of consolidated lungs as compared with subphenotype 2. In contrast, subphenotype 2 had a higher density submantellar–hilar gradient with a greater proportion of ground glass opacities as compared with subphenotype 1. Subphenotype 1 showed higher prevalence of comorbidities associated with endothelial dysfunction and higher 90-day mortality than subphenotype 2, even after adjustment for clinically meaningful variables.

Conclusions

Integrating lung-CT data in a LCA allowed us to identify two subphenotypes of COVID-19, with different clinical trajectories. These exploratory findings suggest a role of automated imaging characterization guided by machine learning in subphenotyping patients with respiratory failure.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04395482. Registration date: 19/05/2020.
Fetal endocrine axes mRNA expression levels are related to sex and intrauterine position
Authors: Yael Ariel , Fishman Ruth , Matas Devorah , Doniger Tirza , Vortman Yoni , Koren Lee
Published: August 2024

Background

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes are two major pathways that connect the neural and endocrine systems in vertebrates. Factors such as prenatal stress and maternal exposure to exogenous steroids have been shown to affect these pathways during fetal development. Another less studied factor is the transfer of hormones across fetuses in multifetal pregnancies. This form of transfer has been shown to influence the morphology, anatomy, physiology, and behavior of the offspring in litter-bearing mammals, an influence termed the intrauterine position (IUP) effect. In this study, we sought to delineate how the IUP effects HPA and HPG brain receptors, peptides, and enzymes (hereafter components) in utero and how these influences may differ between males and females.

Methods

We utilized the unconventional model of culled free-ranging nutria (Myocastor coypus), with its large natural variation. We collected brain tissues from nutria fetuses and quantified the expression of key HPA and HPG components in three brain regions: prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum.

Results

We found an interaction between sex and IUP in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR), androgen receptor (AR), and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1). IUP was significant in both gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor GNRHR, but in different ways. In the hypothalamus, fetuses adjacent to same-sex neighbors had higher expression of GnRH than fetuses neighboring the opposite sex. Conversely, in the cortex, GNRHR exhibited the inverse pattern, and fetuses that were neighboring the opposite sex had higher expression levels than those neighboring the same sex. Regardless of IUP, in most components that showed significant sex differences, female fetuses had higher mRNA expression levels than male fetuses. We also found that HPA and HPG components were highly related in the early stages of gestation, and that there was an interaction between sex and developmental stage. In the early stages of pregnancy, female component expression levels were more correlated than males’, but in the last trimester of pregnancy, male components were more related to each other than female’s.

Conclusions

This study suggests that there are sexually different mechanisms to regulate the HPA and HPG axes during fetal development. Higher mRNA expression levels of endocrine axes components may be a mechanism to help females cope with prolonged androgen exposure over a long gestational period. Additionally, these findings suggest different coordination requirements of male and female endocrine axes during stages of fetal development.
A modelling approach for quantifying volcanic sulphur dioxide concentrations at flight altitudes and the potential hazard to aircraft occupants
Authors: Kristiansen N. I. , Witham C. S. , Beckett F. M.
Published: August 2024

Volcanic eruptions can emit large quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere, which can be harmful to people and the environment. Aircraft encounters with a volcanic SO2 cloud could represent a health hazard to crew and passengers onboard. In this study we have assessed concentration levels of volcanic SO2 in the atmosphere following eight historic eruptions and use four-dimensional dispersion model simulation data to calculate when and where the World Health Organisation (WHO) health protection guideline for SO2 of 500 μgm-3 over 10 minutes is exceeded. The time and area of exceedance varies and depends on the eruption characteristics: the amount, duration and height of the SO2 release. The WHO-based guideline value is exceeded for all historic eruptions considered. In several cases, the area delineated by the WHO-based guideline, here called the SO2 hazard area, can be considerably larger than the volcanic ash hazard area for the same eruption. SO2 hazard areas also often extend over a longer period of time compared to the equivalent ash advisories. For example, following the 2019 eruption of Raikoke, the SO2 hazard area reached up to 1.7 million km2 and the WHO-based guideline value was exceeded for about two weeks, while volcanic ash was considered hazardous to aviation for about five days. These results will help the aviation industry to better understand the potential risks to their passengers and crew from volcanic SO2, and aid in defining concentration thresholds for any potential volcanic SO2 forecasts for aviation.
Improving the performance of PV/diesel microgrids via integration of a battery energy storage system: the case of Bilgo village in Burkina Faso
Authors: Yamegueu Daniel , Nelson Henri Thomas , Boly Amidou Singho
Published: August 2024

Background

PV/diesel microgrids are getting more popular in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where the national grid is often unavailable. Most of the time, for economic purposes, these hybrid PV/diesel power plants in rural areas do not include any storage system. This is the case in the Bilgo village in Burkina Faso, where a PV/diesel microgrid without any battery storage system has been set up. This power plant is composed of three diesel generators operating in parallel (two of 16 kW and one of 24 kW), coupled with a photovoltaic field of 30 kWp. It was observed that for such power plants, the grid management is not always efficient due to constantly fluctuating solar output and loads. This inconsistency in energy output raises the question if integrating battery energy storage systems could improve the grid's performance. While many studies in the literature focus on hybrid energy systems, only a few of them have tackled the optimization of existing and operational systems.

Methods

This study investigated three scenarios based on the existing microgrid's characteristics: conventional standalone diesel generators, PV/diesel without battery storage and PV/diesel with a battery storage system which are the main technologies used for off-grid rural electrification in Burkina Faso. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) was used to assess the economic performance of each scenario, and the calculations were made using the HOMER software.

Results

It was found that the best among the scenarios considered is the PV/diesel/battery configuration which has the lowest LCOE of US$ 0.524/kWh. The battery storage system for the optimal configuration has a capacity of 182 kWh with about 8 h of autonomy.

Conclusions

It can be inferred from this study that a storage unit is necessary for an optimal management of a PV/diesel microgrid. Indeed, the storage unit significantly reduces the operating and maintenance costs associated with running diesel generators, as well as the excess electricity. The storage system also allows for a greater reduction in CO2 emissions compared to systems without storage.
Overexpression of ESYT3 improves radioimmune responses through activating cGAS-STING pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luo Zan , Li Ying , Xu Bin , Yu Tenghua , Luo Mingming , You PeiMeng , Niu Xing , Li Junyu
Published: August 2024

Background

Radiotherapy can modulate systemic antitumor immunity, while immune status in the tumor microenvironment also influences the efficacy of radiotherapy, but relevant molecular mechanisms are poorly understood in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods

In this study, we innovatively proposed a radiotherapy response classification for LUAD, and discovered ESYT3 served as a tumor suppressor and radioimmune response sensitizer. ESYT3 expression was measured both in radioresistant and radiosensitive LUAD tissues and cells. The influence of ESYT3 on radiotherapy sensitivity and resistance was then investigated. Interaction between ESYT3 and STING was evaluated through multiple immunofluorescent staining and coimmunoprecipitation, and downstream molecules were further analyzed. In vivo models were constructed to assess the combination treatment efficacy of ESYT3 overexpression with radiotherapy.

Results

We found that radioresistant subtype presented immunosuppressive state and activation of DNA damage repair pathways than radiosensitive subtype. ESYT3 expression was remarkably attenuated both in radioresistant LUAD tissues and cells. Clinically, low ESYT3 expression was linked with radioresistance. Overexpression of ESYT3 enabled to alleviate radioresistance, and sensitize LUAD cells to DNA damage induced by irradiation. Mechanically, ESYT3 directly interacted with STING, and activated cGAS-STING signaling, subsequently increasing the generation of type I IFNs as well as downstream chemokines CCL5 and CXCL10, thus improving radioimmune responses. The combination treatment of ESYT3 overexpression with radiotherapy had a synergistic anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

In summary, low ESYT3 expression confers resistance to radiotherapy in LUAD, and its overexpression can improve radioimmune responses through activating cGAS-STING-dependent pathway, thus providing an alternative combination therapeutic strategy for LUAD patients.
Lejja archaeological site, Southeastern Nigeria and its potential for archaeological science research
Authors: Eze-Uzomaka Pamela Ifeoma , Ngonadi Chioma Vivian , Opata Christian Chukwuma , Ngonadi John Uche
Published: August 2024

In 2017/2018, two seasons of archaeological surveys were undertaken in Lejja, southeastern Nigeria. The aim of the archaeological field work was to systematically sample the area to locate archaeological sites, scatters of artefacts, features; and to characterize and record these findings. A particular objective was to identify sites with different typological or chronological characteristics and to then select representative examples for further investigation and excavations. This paper thus focuses for the first time; on the general knowledge of the archaeological signatures in addition to iron working that abound at the Lejja site from an archaeological perspective. We aimed to identify sites with evidence of iron production and sites with other characteristics of human habitation to compare inter-site variation. Using ethnoarchaeological studies, archaeological surveys and excavations, sixteen new sites were identified stretching from iron smelting sites to domestic/habitation sites and ancestral sites. We utilized both a systematic transect and an opportunistic approach to locate and map the archaeological sites encountered. The focus of the study was on thirteen key villages in Lejja southeastern Nigeria. Analysis of data shows that there seem to be distinct areas on the landscape for habitation and metal working respectively. However, it is unclear as yet what this distinction represents in terms of social organization, particularly whether they represent one community with different activity sites or two communities with distinct identities or indeed a more complex temporal and spatial patterning.
Origin of the 30–60-day intraseasonal oscillation of streamflow in source region of Yellow River in China: a perspective of the atmospheric signals from mid-high latitude
Authors: Li Lun , Zhu Congwen , Xu Xiangde , Zheng Ziyan , Ma Shuangmei , Sun Wanyi
Published: August 2024

Streamflow in source region of Yellow River (SRYR) matters with regard to the adjacent and downstream water resources. Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the streamflow in SRYR is of great significance to the sub-seasonal prediction of streamflow in SRYR, but is unknown. Here, we first report a 30–60-day ISO in the streamflow in SRYR, which is regulated by the atmospheric 30–60-day ISO at mid-high latitude over North Eurasia. The 30–60-day ISO in atmosphere is featured by a Rossby wavetrain, and the wave energy propagates southward onto the TP, which causes anomalous wind response over TP. The leading anomalous high (low) with anti-cyclonic (cyclonic) wind anomalies over the TP favors dry (wet) air in lower troposphere in SRYR, via enhancing the water vapor divergence (convergence). Dry (wet) air always results in strong (weak) evaporation from the Yellow River, which causes the later streamflow valley (peak) and thereby the 30–60-day ISO in the streamflow in SRYR.
NHEJ and HDR can occur simultaneously during gene integration into the genome of Aspergillus niger
Authors: Fritsche Susanne , Reinfurt Aline , Fronek Felix , Steiger Matthias G.
Published: August 2024

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology-directed repair (HDR) are two mechanisms in filamentous fungi to repair DNA damages. NHEJ is the dominant response pathway to rapidly join DNA double-strand breaks, but often leads to insertions or deletions. On the other hand, HDR is more precise and utilizes a homologous DNA template to restore the damaged sequence. Both types are exploited in genetic engineering approaches ranging from knock-out mutations to precise sequence modifications.

In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of an HDR based gene integration system designed for the pyrG locus of Aspergillus niger. While gene integration was achieved at a rate of 91.4%, we also discovered a mixed-type repair (MTR) mechanism with simultaneous repair of a Cas9-mediated double-strand break by both NHEJ and HDR. In 20.3% of the analyzed transformants the donor DNA was integrated by NHEJ at the 3’ end and by HDR at the 5’ end of the double-strand break. Furthermore, sequencing of the locus revealed different DNA repair mechanisms at the site of the NHEJ event.

Together, the results support the applicability of the genome integration system and a novel DNA repair type with implication on the diversity of genetic modifications in filamentous fungi.
Advancements in bandgap engineering: bromide-doped cesium lead perovskite thin films
Authors: Fradi Khawla , Bouich Amal , Khattak Yousaf Hameed , Baig Faisal , Slimi Bechir , Soucase Bernabé Marí , Chtourou Radhouane
Published: August 2024

Perovskite materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation photovoltaic devices due to their unique optoelectronic properties. In this study, we investigate the incorporation of bromine into cesium lead mixed iodide and bromide perovskites (CsPbI3(1-x)Br3x) to enhance their performance. By depositing films with varying bromine concentrations (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75), we employ a combination of structural and optical characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Our analysis reveals that introducing bromine leads to structural modifications, influencing the perovskite films’ optical properties and energy gap. Specifically, we observe semiconductor behavior with a tunable energy gap controlled by the intercalation of bromine atoms into the CsPbI3 lattice. Furthermore, heat treatment induces phase transitions in the perovskite films, affecting their optical responses and crystalline quality. SCAPS-1D simulations confirm the improved stability and efficiency of bromine-doped CsPbI3 films compared to undoped counterparts. Our findings demonstrate that bromine incorporation facilitates the formation of highly crystalline perovskite films with reduced trap defects and enhanced carrier transport properties. These results underscore the potential of bromine-doped CsPbI3 perovskites as promising materials for high-performance photovoltaic applications, paving the way for further optimization and device integration.
An eight-year retrospective study on the clinical outcomes of laser surface-treated implants
Authors: Leesungbok Richard , Hong Sung Ok , Lee Suk-Won , Htay Phyo Ei Ei , Choi Joseph Junesirk , Park Jung Jin
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To retrospectively evaluate peri-implant bone loss and health status associated with the long-term use of laser surface-treated implants.

Methods

For control study, total of 23 titanium ASTM F136 grade 23 implants were placed in the edentulous molar area of the mandible. When the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) ≥ 70 and insertion torque value (ITV) ≥ 35–50 Ncm at the insertion site, an immediate provisional restoration was connected to the implant within a week after surgery. The definitive restorations were placed 2 months after surgery for all implants. 13 implants were immediately loaded, while 10 implants were conventionally loaded. For comparative study, Radiographs were taken from third years for and then annually for the subsequent eight years to monitor marginal bone loss.

Results

After eight year of implant installation, the average change in vertical bone loss was 0.009 mm (P < 0.001), while the average change in horizontal bone loss 8 year after implant placement was 0.026 mm (P < 0.001). The mean marginal bone loss was < 0.2 mm on average.

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, laser-treated implants exhibit a low rate of bone absorption around the implants.
Characteristics of CYP3A4-related potential drug-drug interactions in outpatients receiving prescriptions from multiple clinical departments
Authors: Matsuoka Rina , Akagi Shinsuke , Konishi Tomohiro , Kondo Masashi , Matsubara Hideki , Yamamoto Shohei , Izushi Keiji , Tasaka Yuichi
Published: August 2024

Background

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In a previous report, we revealed that the incidence of potential DDIs due to the same CYP molecular species in one prescription exceeds 90% among patients taking six or more drugs and that CYP3A4 markedly influences the increase in the number of potential DDIs in clinical practice. However, the factors contributing to an increased number of potential DDIs in prescriptions from multiple clinical departments remain poorly clarified.

Methods

This observational study was performed at five pharmacies in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Patients who visited these pharmacies from 11 April 2022 to 24 April 2022 were included, except those who had prescriptions only from a single clinical department. A stratified analysis was performed to determine the incidence of CYP3A4-related potential DDIs according to the number of drugs taken. Additionally, factors associated with an increase in the number of drugs involved in CYP3A4-related potential DDIs were identified using multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, potential DDIs for the prescription data subdivided by clinical department, containing two or more drugs, were used as control data.

Results

Overall, 372 outpatients who received prescriptions from multiple clinical departments were included in the current study. The number of drugs contributing to CYP3A4-related potential DDIs increased with an increase in the number of clinical departments. Notably, in cases taking fewer than six drugs, prescriptions from multiple clinical departments had a higher frequency of CYP3A4-related potential DDIs than those in prescriptions subdivided by clinical department. Multiple regression analysis identified "Cardiovascular agents", "Agents affecting central nervous system", and "Urogenital and anal organ agents" as the top three drug classes that increase CYP3A4-related potential DDIs.

Conclusion

Collectively, these results highlight the importance of a unified management strategy for prescribed drugs and continuous monitoring of ADRs in outpatients receiving prescriptions from multiple clinical departments even if the number of drugs taken is less than six.
Deep learning for Bitcoin price direction prediction: models and trading strategies empirically compared
Authors: Omole Oluwadamilare , Enke David
Published: August 2024

This paper applies deep learning models to predict Bitcoin price directions and the subsequent profitability of trading strategies based on these predictions. The study compares the performance of the convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM), long- and short-term time-series network, temporal convolutional network, and ARIMA (benchmark) models for predicting Bitcoin prices using on-chain data. Feature-selection methods—i.e., Boruta, genetic algorithm, and light gradient boosting machine—are applied to address the curse of dimensionality that could result from a large feature set. Results indicate that combining Boruta feature selection with the CNN–LSTM model consistently outperforms other combinations, achieving an accuracy of 82.44%. Three trading strategies and three investment positions are examined through backtesting. The long-and-short buy-and-sell investment approach generated an extraordinary annual return of 6654% when informed by higher-accuracy price-direction predictions. This study provides evidence of the potential profitability of predictive models in Bitcoin trading.