bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AUD DENGAN MODIFIKASI PERMAINAN CONGKLAK
Authors: Munawaroh Hidayatu
Published: October 2020

This study aims to introduce the AUD Learning Model with Modification of Congklak Games that are Effective As a Child Development Stimulation Facility. This type of research is Development Research. Subjects were children of group B in RA in RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Research data collection method uses: Observation, Interview and Documentation. Data analysis in this study uses descriptive analysis with percentage validation data.

The results showed: AUD learning model with Congklak Game Modification was delivered through stories with the help of posters, singing together, question and answer, mentioning, drawing and playing Congklak according to the theme of using learning models with effective Congklak Game Modification. This effectiveness is indicated by a significance value greater than 0.05. This is supported by the results of calculationst.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menemukan Model Pembelajaran AUD dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak yang efektif Sebagai Sarana Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Pengembangan (Research and Development). Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B di RA di RA Perwanida Wonosobo. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan:  Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi .Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan data validasi persentase.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Model pembelajaran AUD dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak ini diantarkan melalui cerita dengan bantuan poster,menyanyi bersama,tanya jawab, menyebutkan, gambar dan bermain Congklak sesuai tema  model pembelajaran menggunakan dengan Modifikasi Permainan Congklak efektif. Keefektifan ini ditujukkan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil perhitungan t tes
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP KEWAJIBAN PENGGUNAAN PRODUK LOKAL BAGI INSTANSI PEMERINTAH (Studi Inpres. No. 2/2009 Tentang Peningkatan Penggunaan Produk Dalam Negeri (P3DN)
Authors: Rahman Miftahur
Published: October 2020

President No instructions. 2 / 2009 About Improving Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) was born on February 9, 2009. This dilatarr back on the number of imported products flooding into the local market that triggered a global crisis. In addition, people’s purchasing power is still relatively low stock contributed to beauty product market is relatively cheap imports. In the instructions the President No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) and the Islamic concept of this requires government agencies to consume local products. This calls for the author’s attention to research on instruction Presidential No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN), the extent to which if the instructions are analyzed by the President of Islamic law in the case of an obligation for government agencies to consume local products. This study was designed to use different types of literature research (library research) is by way of an inventory and classify the application of literature instruction Presidential No. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) and scripture al-Quran and Islamic principles that are relevant to this discussion. Liabilities use of local products is part of the instructions the President No. 2 I 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN). In analyzing the data, the author qualitative research methods. Namely President No. analyze instructions. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) with consumption in the Islamic theory in order to obtain the expected results. With this qualitative research methods to produce the conclusion that the provisions of Presidential Decree No. instructions. 2 / 2009 on Better Use of Domestic Products (P3DN) according to Islam is a deprivation of voting rights for citizen consumption activities, which contrary to the principles of Islam mu’amalah namely ‘an-Taradhin (compliance).
Does development reduce damage risk from climate extremes? Empirical evidence for floods in India
Authors: Bahinipati Chandra Sekhar , Patnaik Unmesh
Published: October 2020

Using a dataset on reported loss and damage (L&D) from flood-affected Indian states between 1953 and 2011, this paper inquires whether development makes states become flood resilient. Although the disaster-specific and the generic adaptation measures have been largely researched, there are limited empirical studies, particularly those that conducted an analysis at the sub-national level and used a dataset of more than 50 years. Considering human development and different loss and damage indicators is another advantage. Employing zero-inflated negative binomial and fixed effects models, this study produces three major findings. First, an increasing trend is observed for the reported loss and damage indicators across the states. Second, both human development and income are mostly found as statistically insignificant, indicating that the states are not becoming flood-resilient with respect to the present development. Third, there is a lack of evidence of learning effect, however, disaster risk management programme mitigates risk. Therefore, the paper suggests that the ongoing development strategies must take into account climate risk and address the persistent adaptation deficit. These findings could have larger policy implications since Indian states are likely to encounter such events frequently, and they also provide inputs to several states' action plans on climate change.
Performance evaluation for urban water supply services in China
Authors: Li Shuang , Han Wei
Published: October 2020

Performance evaluation of water supply has become one of the hot issues of continuous concern in the water industry in recent years. Based on advanced international experience and the actual situation of China's water supply operation management, this paper combined quantitative indicator evaluation with the qualitative evaluation of good practices, and established a comprehensive performance evaluation method, which is suitable for China's national conditions. The system carried out a regional demonstration study and achieved good results, which will lay the foundation for the application of performance assessment of water supply in China.
Autotrophic denitrification via nitrate as an effective approach for removal of dissolved sulfide in anaerobic reactors
Authors: Brito Jéssyca de Freitas Lima , Aguiar Araújo Camylla Rachelle , Garcia Neto Gabriel Alfredo , dos Santos André Bezerra , da Silva Marcos Erick Rodrigues , Firmino Paulo Igor Milen
Published: October 2020

This work assessed the effect of adding different concentrations of nitrate (50–300 mg ·L−1) on the removal of dissolved and gaseous sulfide in an anaerobic reactor treating synthetic effluent containing sulfate (100 mg ·L−1) and organic matter (1 g COD·L−1). Autotrophic denitrification, stimulated by the addition of nitrate, was demonstrated to be a very effective approach for removal of dissolved sulfide even in the presence of a high concentration of organic matter (complete removal with 50 mg mg·L−1). However, it had a minor effect on H2S(g). Sulfide remained partially oxidized to elemental sulfur even with excess nitrate (100–300 mg mg·L−1). Therefore, the competition for this electron acceptor between the autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification pathways may have prevented the conversion of the generated sulfide into sulfate again. No evidence of inhibition of methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis was found during nitrate supplementation.
LEVANDO AS MINORIAS A SÉRIO
Authors: Pereira Galvão da Silva Manuela
Published: October 2020

O panorama político global tem evidenciado que até as democracias mais estáveis estão sujeitas ao declínio por fragilizações graduais ocasionadas, sobretudo, pelo legalismo autocrático, o constitucionalismo abusivo e o populismo. Essas práticas autoritárias usualmente enfraquecem a essência liberal da democracia, atingindo com especial vigor os grupos politicamente minoritários, a exemplo dos indígenas, quilombolas, mulheres, afrodescendentes, comunidade LGBTQ+, dentre outros. No Brasil, o ano de 2019 foi permeado por discursos intimidatórios, ameaças e retrocessos relativos a direitos duramente alcançados pelas minorias, suscitando preocupação quanto à saúde e integridade do Estado Democrático de Direito, cuja existência não pode prescindir de uma rede institucional capaz de garantir o respeito ao sistema de freios e contrapesos, a accountability dos governantes, as liberdades civis e o pluralismo. A partir dessa perspectiva, pretende-se analisar as práticas antiliberais que sinalizam um declínio democrático em território nacional e reforçar a importância do devido processo legislativo e do controle de constitucionalidade, como instituições garantidoras das regras do jogo político e da essência pluralista da democracia. Dada a relevância de sua função no plano político, é preciso a conscientização e atenção para que essas instituições mantenham seu funcionamento e não sejam, elas próprias, alcançadas por modificações antidemocráticas.
DISPENSA COLETIVA
Authors: Cordazzo Karine , Rodrigues Ramos Cleber , Franco da Silva Lucas
Published: October 2020

As recentes e questionáveis resoluções aplicadas pelos tribunais no alusivo a Lei 13.467/17 fomenta novas discussões acerca dessa lei que já é questionada desde sua elaboração, por seu lado, os tribunais carecem de pacificação jurisdicional para efetivar o direito, sob responsabilidade de o aplicarem de maneira desmedida e incorrer no prejuízo do elo mais fraco, o trabalhador hipossuficiente. Por isso, o presente trabalho busca explanar as diversas decisões referentes ao Art. 477-A da CLT; devido a nova perspectiva da relação de trabalho adotada, torna-se necessário utilizar, principalmente, o direito comparado, além da doutrina, jurisprudência e legislação pátria, como meio para evidenciar a disparidade desse dispositivo com o Estado Democrático de Direito, assim como o poder judiciário não consegue proporcionar segurança jurídica, impactando a sociedade.
LIBERDADE ECONÔMICA E A REGULAÇÃO PUBLICITÁRIA NO ÂMBITO DO MUNICÍPIO DE NATAL/RN
Authors: Salles Anderson , Cipriano Vinicius
Published: October 2020

Por meio de uma pesquisa teórico-descritiva, com a metodologia preconizada pela dogmática jurídica, o presente trabalho tem por objeto analisar as principais mudanças trazidas pela Lei de Liberdade Econômica e seus impactos na atividade fiscalizatória do município de Natal/RN em matéria de publicidade e propaganda. Haveria antinomia nas legislações confrontadas? Estaria a administração pública municipal incorrendo em abuso do poder regulatório de maneira a restringir o uso e o exercício da publicidade e propaganda sobre um setor econômico? O produto final deste trabalho é um estudo regional acerca da temática que servirá para a academia, para os gestores públicos e para os empreendedores locais identificarem se o Município estaria exorbitando de suas atribuições.
Reconstrucción del tejido social de los excombatientes de las Farc en los espacios territoriales de capacitación y reincorporación (ETCR)
Authors: Cabrera Caviedes Jessica Andrea , Calderón Flórez Nijite Johanna
Published: October 2020

Sin duda alguna, luego de un conflicto armado la última posibilidad de los excombatientes es regresar de nuevo a él. Este artículo, a través del concepto de tejido social, muestra los avances del proceso de reincorporación de los exguerrilleros que se encuentran en los Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR). Además, plantea alternativas para el proceso que comprometen a todas las partes: al Estado, concebido como la institucionalidad, y a los excombatientes, como parte de la sociedad, con el fin de que estos se establezcan de manera definitiva a la civilidad.
Patient Triage by Topic Modeling of Referral Letters: Feasibility Study
Authors: Spasic Irena , Button Kate
Published: October 2020

Background

Musculoskeletal conditions are managed within primary care, but patients can be referred to secondary care if a specialist opinion is required. The ever-increasing demand for health care resources emphasizes the need to streamline care pathways with the ultimate aim of ensuring that patients receive timely and optimal care. Information contained in referral letters underpins the referral decision-making process but is yet to be explored systematically for the purposes of treatment prioritization for musculoskeletal conditions.

Objective

This study aims to explore the feasibility of using natural language processing and machine learning to automate the triage of patients with musculoskeletal conditions by analyzing information from referral letters. Specifically, we aim to determine whether referral letters can be automatically assorted into latent topics that are clinically relevant, that is, considered relevant when prescribing treatments. Here, clinical relevance is assessed by posing 2 research questions. Can latent topics be used to automatically predict treatment? Can clinicians interpret latent topics as cohorts of patients who share common characteristics or experiences such as medical history, demographics, and possible treatments?

Methods

We used latent Dirichlet allocation to model each referral letter as a finite mixture over an underlying set of topics and model each topic as an infinite mixture over an underlying set of topic probabilities. The topic model was evaluated in the context of automating patient triage. Given a set of treatment outcomes, a binary classifier was trained for each outcome using previously extracted topics as the input features of the machine learning algorithm. In addition, a qualitative evaluation was performed to assess the human interpretability of topics.

Results

The prediction accuracy of binary classifiers outperformed the stratified random classifier by a large margin, indicating that topic modeling could be used to predict the treatment, thus effectively supporting patient triage. The qualitative evaluation confirmed the high clinical interpretability of the topic model.

Conclusions

The results established the feasibility of using natural language processing and machine learning to automate triage of patients with knee or hip pain by analyzing information from their referral letters.
Virtual Reality Behavioral Activation as an Intervention for Major Depressive Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Paul Margot , Bullock Kim , Bailenson Jeremy
Published: October 2020

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence. There has additionally been an increase in depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioral activation is considered an evidence-based treatment for MDD. However, there are many barriers that could hinder one’s ability to engage in behavioral activation, with COVID-19 “shelter-in-place” and social distancing orders being current and large impediments. Virtual reality (VR) has been successfully used to help treat a variety of mental health conditions, but it has not yet been used as a method of administering behavioral activation to a clinical population. Using VR to engage in behavioral activation could eliminate barriers that pandemic precautions place and help decrease symptoms of depression that are especially exacerbated in these times.

Objective

The following case report examines the feasibility, acceptability, and tolerability of VR behavioral activation for an adult with MDD during a global pandemic. This participant was part of a larger pilot study, and the case serves as a description of the VR intervention.

Methods

The participant engaged in a weekly 50-minute psychotherapy Zoom session for 4 weeks, in which a modified behavioral activation protocol was administered using a VR headset to simulate activities. Data on mood ratings, homework compliance, and headset use were obtained from the headset. Acceptability, tolerability, and depression symptoms were obtained using self-report rating scales.

Results

The intervention was feasible, acceptable, and tolerable, as reported by this participant. The participant’s depressive symptoms decreased by five-points on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 over a month, with a beginning score of 10 (moderate depression) and a final score of 5 (mild depression).

Conclusions

The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04268316; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04268316
Individualised prediction of chronic kidney disease for the elderly in longevity areas in China: machine learning approaches (Preprint)
Authors: Su Dai , Zhang Xingyu , He Kevin , Chen Yingchun
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major public health problem worldwide and has caused a huge social and economic burden, especially in developing countries. No previous study has utilised machine learning (ML) methods combined with longitudinal data to predict the risk of CKD development in two years amongst the elderly in China.

OBJECTIVE

To predict CKD amongst the elderly in longevity areas in China by using five ML models.

METHODS

This study was based on the panel data of 925 elderly individuals in the 2012 baseline survey and 2014 follow-up survey of the HABCS database. Six ML models were developed to predict the probability of CKD amongst the elderly in two years. The receiver operating curve and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the reference and ML models.

RESULTS

Amongst the 925 elderly in the HABCS 2014 survey, 289 (18.8%) had CKD. Compared with the other models, LR, lasso regression, RF, GBDT and DNN had no statistical significance (AUC > 0.7), and SVM exhibited the lowest predictive performance (AUC = 0.633, p-value = 0.057). DNN had the highest PPV (0.328), whereas LR had the lowest (0.287). Decision curve analysis indicated that within the threshold ranges of approximately 0–0.03 and 0.37–0.40, the net benefit of GBDT was the largest. Within the threshold ranges of approximately 0.03–0.10 and 0.26–0.30, the net benefit of RF was the largest. Age was the most important predictor variable in the RF and GBDT models. Blood urea nitrogen, serum albumin, uric acid, BMI, marital status, ADL/IADL and gender were crucial in predicting CKD in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONS

The ML model could successfully capture the linear and nonlinear relationships of risk factors for CKD in the elderly. The decision support system based on the predictive model in this research can help medical staff detect and intervene in the health of the elderly early.
An Education Framework for Effective Implementation of a Health Information System: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Jeyakumar Tharshini , McClure Sarah , Lowe Mandy , Hodges Brian , Fur Katharine , Javier-Brozo Mariquita , Tassone Maria , Anderson Melanie , Tripp Tim , Wiljer David
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND

To optimize their use of a new Health Information System (HIS), supporting health care providers require effective HIS education. Failure to provide this education can significantly hinder an organization’s HIS implementation and sustainability efforts.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to understand the most effective educational strategies and approaches to enable health care providers to optimally use an HIS.

METHODS

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, EBSCO Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and EBSCO Education Resources Information Center were searched to identify relevant papers. Relevant studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis approach.

RESULTS

Of the 3539 studies screened, 17 were included for data extraction. The literature on the most effective approaches to enable health care providers to optimally use an HIS emphasized the importance of investing in engaging and understanding learners in the clinical context, maximizing the transfer of learning to care, and designing continuous and agile evaluation to meet the emerging demands of the clinical environment.

CONCLUSIONS

This review supports the advancement of a new HIS learning framework that organizational leaders and educators can use to guide HIS education design and development. Future research should examine how this framework can be translated into practice.
STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF FORMULATION AND PROCESS VARIABLES ON ENTRAPMENT EFFICIENCY AND PARTICLE SIZE OF FLOATING MICRO BALLOONS OF DIPYRIDAMOLE BY DOE
Authors: KRISHNA SEELAM RAMYA , RAMU A. , VIDYADHARA S.
Published: October 2020

Objective: In the current research work, dipyridamole, a BCS class–II drug, was aimed to be formulated as floating controlled release microballoons using ethyl cellulose as polymer and span 80 as surfactant to improve the gastric retention of drug as the multi-particulate dosage forms have tremendous advantages over single unit dosage forms.

Methods: Microballoons were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. Prepared microballoons were characterized for entrapment efficiency, particle size, floating behavior and drug release studies. The study of effect of various formulation and process parameters like surfactant concentration, solvent volume, the volume of internal phase, polymer concentration, rotation speed on the drug entrapment efficiency and particle size of the microballoons were carried by using Box–Benhken to optimize the formulated microballoons.

Results: The smallest particle size of the microballoons was found to be 205.9 µm in the F32 formulation. The highest drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 93.4% in the F34 formulation. Buoyancy studies showed all the formulations have good floating characteristics that lasted for a minimum of 24 h. The maximum yield of microballoons was found in the F7 formulation with 91.8% yield. The final results were statistically treated using ANOVA and were found to be significant (p value<0.05).

Conclusion: Thus, the obtained results and their statistical interpretations indicated floating microballoons of dipyridamole were formulated effectively.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF MERREMIA BORNEENSIS AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE (CCl4)-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS: A BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION
Authors: IQBAL MOHAMMAD , SHAH MUHAMMAD DAWOOD , VUN-SANG SENTY , SAMAN RIANA BINTI AWANG
Published: October 2020

Objective: The pathogenesis of various liver injuries involves oxidative damage. This research was planned to examine the effects of Mereemia borneensis extract on hepatic oxidative damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.

Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to M. borneensis (125 and 250 mg/kg b. wt.) once daily for 14 d followed by two doses of CCl4 (1.2 ml/kg b. wt.). After 2 w, the rats were sacrificed and hepatoprotective analysis was done.

Results: Orally administration of CCl4 enhances serum transaminase (ALT; alanine transaminase and AST; aspartate transaminase), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lipid peroxidation, reduction in glutathione, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Pretreatment of rats with M. borneensis at 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced levels of ALT, AST, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lipid peroxidation of CCl4 treated rats. Pretreatment with M. borneensis against rats treated with CCl4, hepatic enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant molecules have increased significantly. A decreased histopathological change in the liver is further evidence of the protective effect of M. borneensis.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that M. borneensis can be a potential hepatoprotective agent in preventing or treating degenerative diseases that involve oxidative stress.
ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF PALESTINIAN MALLOW, MALVA SYLVESTRIS L.
Authors: DOWEK SAHAR , FALLAH SEEMA , BASHEER-SALIMIA REZQ , JAZZAR MOHANNAD , QAWASMEH ABDEL
Published: October 2020

Objective: To evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant activities, the existence of the major secondary metabolites, and volatile compounds in methanolic extracts from M. sylvestris leaves.

Methods: Antibacterial activity was assessed using a well diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS●+and DPPH● free radical scavenging assays. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites and volatile compounds were done following standard techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

Results: Methanolic extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity compared with the positive control against the gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae and the gram-positive bacteria’s Staphylococcus aureus by 47.2 and with 47.1% respectively. The average percentage of scavenging was 97.82±0.05 and 79.49±0.4 for ABTS•+and DPPH●, correspondingly. Total phenols were quantitatively estimated and found to be 78.9±9.55 mg GAE/g. Phytochemical screening assays revealed the presence of a wide range of phytochemical groups such as alkaloids flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoides with at least sixteen volatile compounds detected in the plant.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of M. sylvestris and the existence of is the volatile compounds (phytol), which mediate, even partially, the antioxidant and the claimed analgesic activity of the plant.
Growth and instability of the 1992/93 - 2016/17 soybean crops in the main producing states of Brazil
Authors: Chacarolli Júnior Osvaldo , Fortes Priscila
Published: October 2020

The expansion of world demand for food and energy hasresulted in increased agricultural yields and production. Soybeanproduction, specifically, is among the economic activities that haveshown significant growth at national and global levels in recent decades.In this context, policymakers and other agents involved in the soybeanproduction chain must pay careful attention to the instability with whichyield and production increases occur over time. Therefore, the objective ofthis study was to evaluate this instability and growth in soybean plantedarea, production, and yield in the main producing states of Brazil overthe 1992/93 to 2016/17 crops. We measured instability by applying theCuddy-Della Valle index and growth rates calculated using a log-linearregression with post decomposition analysis. We observed that allvariables, in all states, presented a tendency of growth—particularly thatof planted area, which was the main production-defining element. Weadditionally found low levels of instability for planted area, production,and yield in most analyzed regions.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУР ДЛЯ ИЗДЕЛИЙ МИКРО- И ОПТОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ НА ПЛАТФОРМАХ GAAS И INP
Authors: Егоров А.Ю. , Карачинский Л.Я. , Новиков И.И.
Published: October 2020

Разработана и освоена промышленная технология изготовления гетероструктур на платформах GaAs и InP методом молекулярно-пучковой эпитаксии на подложках до 76 мм для изделий микро- и оптоэлектроники.
СЕЛЕКТИВНОЕ, ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО ПОВЕРХНОСТИ МЕДИ, ОСАЖДЕНИЕ МОЛЕКУЛ СИЛАНОВ НА ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ LOW-K-ДИЭЛЕКТРИКОВ
Authors: Резванов А.А. , Горнев Е.С. , де Марнефф Ж.Ф. , Армини С.
Published: October 2020

В данной работе изучается уплотнение пор пористого low-k-диэлектрика (органосиликатное стекло - OSG, k = 2,4) с помощью осаждения монослоя самоорганизующихся молекул (SAM). Была продемонстрирована эффективность герметизации пор аминосодержащими прекурсорами с помощью метода эллипсометрической порозиметрии, где в качестве адсорбата использовался толуол. Была изучена селективность осаждения молекул SAM на поверхность диэлектрика относительно поверхности меди. Финальная очистка поверхности меди в растворе лимонной кислоты приводит к десорбции аминосодержащих SAM-молекул с поверхности Cu.
РАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К КОНТРОЛЮ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ ПАРТИЙ ПЛАСТИН В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors: Московская Ю.М. , Никифоров А.Ю. , Сницар В.Г.
Published: October 2020

Предложен подход к реализации контроля радиационной стойкости изделий микроэлектроники в процессе производства, позволяющий минимизировать технико-экономические затраты за счет рациональной организации контроля и статистического регулирования в процессе производства.
ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩЕГО ПОКРЫТИЯ В ФОТОЛИТОГРАФИИ
Authors: Малимоненко Н.В. , Кузнецова Н.А. , Беклемышев В.И. , Грибов Б.Г.
Published: October 2020

Рассмотрены теоретические подходы к оптимизации оптических параметров антиотражающего покрытия (АОП), нанесенного между кремниевой подложкой и фоторезистом. Определены оптимальные характеристики АОП для первого и второго интерференционного минимума отражения света с длиной волны 193 нм (эксимерный ArF-лазер).
ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ АНТИОТРАЖАЮЩИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ ДЛЯ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ СОВРЕМЕННОГО УРОВНЯ
Authors: Кузнецова Н.А. , Малимоненко Н.В. , Билданов М.А. , Грибов Б.Г. , Варламов Д.А. , Малков Г.В.
Published: October 2020

Рассмотрены подходы к созданию антиотражающих покрытий для фотолитографии с рабочей длиной волны 193 нм. Разработаны экспериментальные образцы, определены их фотолитографические показатели.
ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИНЦИПЫ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ НАНОМЕТКИ НА ОСНОВЕ ТРЕУГОЛЬНОГО КЛАСТЕРА НАНОЧАСТИЦ
Authors: Сапегин А.А. , Барабаненков М.Ю. , Итальянцев А.Г.
Published: October 2020

Рассчитано сечение экстинкции треугольного кластера плазмонных наносфер с электрическим дипольным взаимодействием на частоте основной и обертонных мод кластера. Показано, что кластер существенно более прозрачен для электромагнитного излучения с частотой основной моды кластера.
ВАКУУМНО-ЭПИТАКСИАЛЬНОЕ НАРАЩИВАНИЕ ТОНКОПЛЕНОЧНЫХ ГЕТЕРОСТРУКТУР GAAS-SNAS
Authors: Белоусов П.С. , Бобылев М.А. , Ковалев В.И. , Каевицер Е.В. , Любченко В.Е. , Рукавишников А.И. , Петров К.П. , Пелипец О.В. , Рогочев И.А.
Published: October 2020

Методом вакуумно-эпитаксиального наращивания на подложке Si-GaAs (100) синтезировано соединение олова с мышьяком в виде тонкопленочных гетероструктур GaAs-SnAs. Предполагается, что тонкопленочные структуры на основе соединения SnAs, относящегося по современным представлениям к классу полуметаллов Вейля, могут быть использованы для создания перспективных электронных приборов.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СТАНДАРТНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ БИБЛИОТЕК В БАЗИСЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КМОП 28 НМ
Authors: Ильин С.А. , Копейкин Д.Ю. , Ласточкин О.В. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: October 2020

Выполнен сравнительный анализ результатов моделирования кольцевого генератора для разных длин канала приборов и опций порогового напряжения и результатов структурного синтеза библиотек с длиной канала транзистора 35 и 40 нм с разными опциями порогового напряжения.
ИСТОРИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ ВСТРОЕННОЙ ЭНЕРГОНЕЗАВИСИМОЙ ПАМЯТИ ДЛЯ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ АО «НИИМЭ»
Authors: Нуйкин А.В. , Тимошин С.А. , Зубов И.А. , Ермаков И.В.
Published: October 2020

В работе описывается история и перспективы развития направления разработки IP-блоков энергонезависимой памяти (EEPROM, OTP) на основе КМОП-техпроцессов уровня 180 и 90 нм с одним и двумя уровнями поликремния в АО «НИИМЭ».
ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ОБЛАСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КМОП КНИ С ПОЛНЫМ ОБЕДНЕНИЕМ
Authors: Шелепин Н.А.
Published: October 2020

В работе продолжено рассмотрение перспектив развития технологии изготовления ИС на основе структур «кремний на изоляторе» с полным обледенением. Показано, что приборы на основе данной технологии находят новые области применения, в том числе такие, как автомобильная электроника и космическая аппаратура.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ СИЛОВОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ НА КАРБИДЕ КРЕМНИЯ
Authors: Гейфман Е.М. , Грехов И.В. , Каменцев Г.Ю. , Чибиркин В.В.
Published: October 2020

Силовые полупроводниковые приборы (СПП) на основе карбида кремния являются перспективной электронной компонентной базой для силовой электроники и импульсной техники. Технический уровень СПП оказывает существенное влияние на темпы роста важнейших отраслей экономики России.
АНАЛОГО-ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬ С НЕРАВНОМЕРНОЙ ДИСКРЕТИЗАЦИЕЙ НА БАЗЕ АЦП ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРИБЛИЖЕНИЯ
Authors: Быкова А.В. , Полунин М.Н.
Published: October 2020

Спроектирован аналого-информационный преобразователь (АИП) с архитектурой неравномерной дискретизации на базе АЦП последовательного приближения. Описаны принцип работы, основные характеристики и результаты моделирования АИП.
ЭЛЕКТРОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРИБОР «ЗОДИАК»
Authors: Андряков А.А.
Published: October 2020

В работе представлен анализ наукоемкой продукции - оптические датчики системы ориентации и стабилизации для наноспутников. Представлена технология построения и архитектура электронно-оптического прибора «Зодиак» для системы ориентации и стабилизации платформы «Синергия» блочномодульного типа.
La perspectiva de estudiantes y jóvenes investigadores en biología acerca de la ciencia
Authors: Silvestri Lisel-Irina , Flores Miriam-Liset , Bar Aníbal-Roque
Published: October 2020

En el marco de estudios concernientes a la conformación de creencias sobre la ciencia en ámbitos de formación disciplinar, se indagan las perspectivas de estudiantes de grado y jóvenes investigadores en biología, para examinar cómo y cuánto podrían modificarse las creencias de estos últimos, dado el escaso tiempo transcurrido entre la finalización de la formación de grado y el inicio de trayectorias de investigación en posgrado. Así, se pretende caracterizar y comparar sus perspectivas acerca del conocimiento científico. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado que incluyó planteamientos precategorizados y una tarea para la construcción de explicaciones en torno de: a) naturaleza de la ciencia, b) operaciones sustanciales del quehacer científico, c) propiedades de las teorías científicas y d) atribuciones sobre la observación. El análisis de los resultados muestra que lo construido en las praxis disciplinares se explicita en una imagen de ciencia donde prima una ontología objetivista y una epistemología ciertamente relativista.
La multidisciplina en los estudios universitarios. La perspectiva de los alumnos de la UAM-Iztapalapa
Authors: Hernández-Vázquez Juan-Manuel , Leyva-Piña Marco-Antonio , Rodríguez-Lagunas Javier
Published: October 2020

Este artículo pretende aportar elementos para valorar, desde la perspectiva estudiantil, la pertinencia de la reforma al modelo de formación universitaria, en lo tocante al enfoque multidisciplinar. La gran mayoría de las universidades públicas mexicanas han realizado ajustes curriculares en este sentido, mediante la incorporación vehemente de asignaturas pertenecientes a múltiples disciplinas. El campus Iztapalapa de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) ha procedido así en la mayoría de los planes de licenciatura de sus tres divisiones académicas. No obstante, a 17 años de haberse iniciado el proceso de incrustación de cursos optativos multidisciplinares, aún no se sabe cuál ha sido el resultado de esta política. El estudio presentado aquí abona a subsanar dicha deficiencia, apelando a las opiniones de sus alumnos sobre la utilidad de la información y la orientación institucional recibidas, sus motivaciones y el cumplimiento de sus expectativas, la pertinencia de dichos cursos, y sus propuestas para mejorarlas.
Universidad y protesta social: una reflexión desde Chile
Authors: Brunner José-Joaquín , Ganga-Contreras Francisco , Labraña-Vargas Julio
Published: October 2020

Desde octubre de 2019, Chile experimentó una intensa protesta social, a la cual luego se sobreponen los efectos de la pandemia del Covid-19. Este ensayo indaga en las causas de la protesta y el rol que desempeñan las universidades en tiempos de crisis. Para esto recurre a conceptos de la sociología de la educación superior y utiliza datos secundarios provenientes del debate público, la prensa, informes de agencias gubernamentales y observaciones recogidas por estudios de casos. Concluye que la protesta fue provocada por una brecha entre expectativas de participación en los beneficios de la modernización capitalista, movilizadas por la masificación de la educación superior, y las satisfacciones generadas por el Estado y la sociedad. En este cuadro, las universidades se han debatido entre abstraerse de las luchas sociales, plegarse a ellas o contribuir a superar la crisis desde su propia racionalidad institucional.
Lógicas diferentes de instituições de ensino superior num mesmo sistema: os perfis das instituições de ensino politécnico em Portugal
Authors: Urbano Cláudia
Published: October 2020

O panorama de formação superior em Portugal mudou de forma significativa nas últimas quatro décadas, sobretudo com o crescimento do ensino politécnico. Alvo de frequentes modificações, o ensino superior tem estado na última década perante uma “nova era politécnica”, com lógicas de ação das instituições de ensino politécnico que paralelamente à vertente de ensino se projetam em três novos campos de ação: formação pós-graduada, investigação e internacionalização. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre as suas lógicas de ação e os sentidos de missão, lançando também questões sobre o momento atual, são apresentados neste artigo os resultados de uma investigação junto das instituições de ensino politécnico em Portugal.
Pharmaceutical influencers on Instagram and their communication during the Covid-19 pandemic crisis
Authors: González Romo Zahaira Fabiola , Iriarte Aguirre Sofia , Garcia Medina Irene
Published: October 2020

Today, thanks to the consolidation of Internet, users have access to many sources of information on health issues. On social networks, there are profiles of health professionals who share content that generates credibility when published by specialists who are knowledgeable in the sector. These profiles include pharmaceutical professionals who disseminate and create content based on scientific knowledge. Pharmaceutical influencers on Instagram have an informative role on health, nutrition and cosmetic dermatology issues. This research aims to learn about the communication management of these influencers during the Coronavirus crisis in Spain and how they have modified their habitual discourse, as well as seeking to identify the formats of their publications that generate greater engagement and conversions among their followers.
China and the battle to win the scientific narrative about the origin of COVID-19
Authors: Lemus-Delgado Daniel
Published: October 2020

The emergence of COVID-19 represented a critical problem for the legitimacy and prestige of the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese authorities had to fight not only to contain the spread of the virus but also to create a favorable public opinion about how they managed the crisis. Based on Foucault's approach to the “Regime of Truth”, this article analyzes the narrative surrounding the origin of the virus and how science was employed to lend it legitimacy. The article concludes by reviewing how the idea of science as a truth knowledge is used to construct a particular viewpoint, one focused on legitimizing the outbreak containment measures taken by the Chinese government.
Complexity, transparency and time pressure: practical insights into science communication in times of crisis
Authors: Lasser Jana , Ahne Verena , Heiler Georg , Klimek Peter , Metzler Hannah , Reisch Tobias , Sprenger Martin , Thurner Stefan , Sorger Johannes
Published: October 2020

A global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic that started in early 2020 poses significant challenges for how research is conducted and communicated. We present four case studies from the perspective of an interdisciplinary research institution that switched to “corona-mode” during the first two months of the crisis, focussing all its capacities on COVID-19-related issues, communicating to the public directly and via media, as well as actively advising the national government. The case studies highlight the challenges posed by the increased time pressure, high demand for transparency, and communication of complexity and uncertainty. The article gives insights into how these challenges were addressed in our research institution and how science communication in general can be managed during a crisis.
Tatbiq Uslub al-Munazarah ‘ala Tarqiyah Maharah al-Kalam (Dirasah Ijraiyyah Laday al-Tullab fi al-Sanah al-Sadisah bi Ma’had Ulum al-Din)
Authors: Muhammad iqbal  , Azman ismail  , Zulhelmi zulhelmi
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to know the application of Debate Method  to improve speaking skills for senior high school students of class XII -A in Ulumuddin boarding school Utenkot, Cunda - Lhokseumawe for academic years 2018 – 2019, and to know students effectivity after applicating the Debat Methode. This research is classroom action research conducted in 3 cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation / evaluation, and reflection. The subjects of this study are senior high school students of class XII-A who are 25 students and the object of this research is speaking skills. Data collection in this study are carried out by the method of observation, interviews and diagnostic tests. The data are analyzed by quantitative descriptive and statistical analysis techniques. The results showed (1) that the application of the debate Method consisted of the stages of the purpose of Debate method application in the learning process of teaching Arabic, giving titles, limiting the Debate members, making debating rooms in class, searching for information about the title of the Debate, and providing evaluation sheets activities of researchers and students in application the Debate method, (2) in the application of the Debate Method there is an increase in the percentage of speaking skills of students of class XI -A MA in terms of pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, and sentence structure. Based on the results of the analysis in the first cycle the average student's speaking skills are obtained as much as 70% ("medium" category). Then in the second cycle students' skills improved. The average speaking skills of students are 74% ("medium" category). And in the third cycle the average skill of students are 81.4% ("high" category). Based on the results of these studies it can be concluded that the application of the debate method can improve students' speaking skills in terms of pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, and sentence structure.
Penggunaan Congklak Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Operasi Pembagian Bilangan Dua Angka Pada Siswa Tunarungu Kelas V SDLB Negeri Banda Aceh
Authors: Rusida Rusida
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat penggunaan congklak untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar operasi pembagian bilangan dua angka pada siswa tunarungu  kelas V SDLB Negeri Banda Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini juga berguna untuk mengetahui bagaimana operasi  pembagian dua  angka  dengan penggunaan media congklak yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran di samping juga bermanfaat bagi pengembangan guru dan siswa. Setelah melakukan penelitian ini, maka guru memperoleh pengalaman dalam melakukan penelitian dan meningkatkan hasil belajar operasi pembagian, sedangkan siswa memperoleh pembelajaran yang lebih menarik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, di mana aktivitas setiap siklusnya meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, evaluasi, dan refleksi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Data dalam penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan hasil tes dan observasi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa tunarungu  kelas V SDLB Negeri  Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 4 orang siswa dengan berbagai tingkat kemampuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan media congklak dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam operasi pembagian dua angka.  Hal ini terbukti dengan meningkatnya jumlah siswa yang tuntas dalam belajar  sebelum dilakukan tindakan  hanya 50 %. Siswa yang tuntas dengan kriteria kurang, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi  62,5 % yang tuntas dengan kriteria cukup. Pada siklus II menjadi 80 %. Yang tuntas dengan katagori baik. Disimpulkan, bahwa penggunaan media congklak  dalam pembelajaran dapat  meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam  operasi pembagian dua angka.  Direkomendasikan kepada guru bahwa untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar operasi bilangan dua angka pada siswa tunarungu kelas II dapat menerapkan media congklak.
Af’al Rasul dan Implikasinya Terhadap Hukum Fikih
Authors: Mustaqim Rizki
Published: October 2020

Majority of muslims believed that all the speech and deeds of prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is a revelation. Because Muhammad occupies the position as an apostle who serves as a transmitter of Islamic teaching. Then indirectly, none of the words or deeds are done without the identity of revelation and supervision of Allah. However, it doesn’t mean that Muhammad is separated from Humanity side as human being. Muhammad remained as an ordinary human who also possessed life and spiritual needs as human being. But there are some muslims who have not fully understood about the action of Muhammad, not a few who still assume that any actions done by Muhammad contain legal consequences that binded or otherwise. From that perspective there needs to be an deeper review of the activities of Muhammad deeds. Such in reviews have been conducted by Ushuliyyun, ultimately found among some of Muhammads action born of his spontaneity, initiative or humanitarian attitude and as well as acts that are peculiar to him alone. In the end, it will have implications on different contens and levels of laws. From what indicates to the compulsory law, sunnah, or just to show permissibility only.
Percobaan Pembunuhan Sebagai Mawani‘ Al-Irth dalam KHI Pasal 173 Dilihat Menurut Perspektif Maqașid Al-Syari‘Ah
Authors: Mawaddah Lailatul
Published: October 2020

Trial of Assassination is an action carried out with the intention of killing people, but the person who wants to be killed does not die. In KHI Article 173 stated that the trial of assassination were prevented from inheriting, but in fiqh did not mention this, because that was the result of  ijtihad by Indonesian Islamic law experts. Based on this, this research attempted to explain the provisions of the KHI regarding the trial of assassination as mawani' al-irth, and the provisions of KHI regarding the trial of assasination as mawani‘ al-irth seen in the motivations behind it. Both of these will be studied using the perspective of maqașid al-syari'ah. The type of research used in this thesis is library research (qualitative research). Sources of data from this study come from the book al-Muwafaqat, Tasyri 'al-Jinaai al-Islami, Al-Fatawa al-Fiqhiyyah al-Kubra, Al-Tahzib fi Fiqh Imam Al-Syafi'i and the book Compilation of Islamic Law by Cik Hasan Bisri, as well as books and journals relating to maqașid al-syari'ah and mawani' al-irth. Data collection method is carried out in documentation and data analysis method in the form of qualitative descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the provisions of the KHI Article 173 concerning trial of assassination that’s hindered from inheriting is not suitable to be applied. Because the trial of assassination does not cause a person to die. Then in KHI also do not recognize the term forgiveness, even though the opportunity to be forgiven by the own heir is very large. Furthermore, in KHI, it does not consider the background of doing this action, even though between one person and another person has different intentions and objectives. Although the trial of assassination is a case that violates the existence of maqașid al-syari‘ah from the needs of the dharuriyyah, which is guarding the soul (hifz al-nafs), the benefit here is to apply a law according to the conditions that it wants. Because the basic purpose of Islamic law (maqașid al-syari‘ah) is to gain benefit and prevent damage (mafsadah).