bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimación y análisis de la demanda hídrica de la subcuenca del Río Estibaná como parte del balance hídrico (2018-2019)
Authors: Martínez Arcenio , Rodríguez Zuri , Fábrega Duque José
Published: August 2021

La subcuenca del río Estibaná tiene una superficie 296 km2 y está ubicada dentro de la cuenca del río La Villa, provincia de Los Santos, en el Arco Seco, región con menos disponibilidad hídrica del país, con precipitaciones promedio de 1400 mm/año. Su población depende de la agricultura y ganadería principalmente. Actualmente se suministra agua a la población mediante acueductos rurales, plantas potabilizadoras y pozos. El problema radica en las épocas secas, especialmente, en los años que se da el fenómeno de El Niño, provocando sequías extensas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la demanda hídrica en tres sectores (población, ganadería y agricultura) para el período de abril 2018 y marzo 2019 (año hidrológico). La población estimada a 2020 fue de 9285 habitantes. En 2018 se registraron 32000 bovinos y 890 hectáreas de cultivo. La demanda ganadera fue calculada en base al crecimiento, edad y temperatura, donde se estimó un consumo per cápita para tres escenarios; donde el valor promedio fue de 79 L/bov-día. La demanda agrícola tomó de referencia la evapotranspiración potencial, coeficientes de cultivo y eficiencia de riego, superficie sembrada y períodos de crecimiento. Se obtuvo una demanda total de 6.32 Mm3/año donde el mayor consumo se da en la agricultura con un 81%. No obstante, la demanda hídrica en los meses críticos es de 1.58 M, donde el caudal del río disminuye y los pozos y plantas potabilizadoras disminuyen la capacidad de abastecimiento, por lo que es necesaria una gestión eficiente del recurso hídrico.
Identificación de áreas de recarga a través de un modelo hidrológico en la región del Arco Seco de Panamá
Authors: Noel Amaya Job Osvaldo , Fábrega Duque José , Casstrellón María Gabriela
Published: August 2021

Las variaciones del ciclo hidrológico en los mecanismos de recarga de las aguas subterráneas están poco estudiadas en los países tropicales como Panamá. En las últimas décadas, regiones del país como el Arco Seco, han enfrentado sequías y problemas de suministro principalmente debido a alteraciones antropogénicas y efectos del cambio climático. Igualmente, las áreas de recarga de aguas subterráneas no están bien definidas y ha existido una explotación desordenada de las aguas subterráneas produciendo un aumento de extracciones, afectando su calidad y cantidad. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo comprender las interacciones de variables hidrometeorológicas a través de la aplicación del modelo hidrológico SWAT+ para identificar áreas de recarga en la cuenca del río La Villa. Datos meteorológicos genéricos, e información de la Cuenca se combinan para generar Unidades de Respuesta Hidrológica para proporcionar un análisis espacial y físico de los mecanismos de recarga en la región. Los resultados presentan que la mayoría de las áreas de recarga en la zona de estudio están cambiando su uso de suelo, utilizándolo en mayor medida para la agricultura y la ganadería. Estas actividades tienen un impacto en la cubierta forestal y alteran significativamente la capacidad de infiltración del suelo y, por lo tanto, afectan la recarga de aguas subterráneas. A través de esta investigación se busca potenciar la gestión de los recursos hídricos y las políticas de uso de la tierra para garantizar un uso sostenible de las zonas de recarga de aguas subterráneas en la región.
WebSockets para lectura rápida de etiquetas RFID de Ultra Alta Frecuencia
Authors: Durán Bayona José Daniel , Quintero Ayala Sergio Iván , Castro Casadiego Sergio Alexander , Niño Rondón Carlos Vicente , Sandoval Martínez Gloria Esmeralda
Published: August 2021

Las lecturas RFID deben ser obtenidas en el menor tiempo posible. Se presenta el método para lograr lecturas y validaciones, incluyendo el etiquetado, la lógica de programación y el proceso de tomas de datos. En los resultados se presentan características claves de las tecnologías elegidas, y se concluyó que Javascript es el lenguaje de programación ideal debido a su capacidad asíncrona, junto a WebSockets como protocolo de comunicación cumplen con realizar lecturas rápidas.
Caracterización de la textura de suelo en la subcuenca del río Zaratí para la evaluación del sistema de agua subterránea
Authors: Márquez Karol
Published: August 2021

Se caracteriza la textura de suelo en la subcuenca del río Zaratí (SRZ), en Coclé. El área de estudio está localizada en el Arco Seco, donde se viven efectos del cambio climático, como temporada seca más prolongada. La textura de suelo es un inicio para determinar posibles zonas de recarga hídrica y caracterizar acuíferos en el área. Para determinar las texturas de suelo en la subcuenca se realizaron giras de campo para recolectar muestras a las que se le hicieron pruebas de tamizaje e hidrometría. Los resultados fueron procesados por dos métodos: una hoja de cálculo proporcionada por el Laboratorio de Ensayo de Materiales de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá y la función Texture en RStudio ®. Posteriormente, se graficaron los porcentajes de arena, limo y arcilla dentro del triángulo de textura del USDA. Se realizaron triángulos de textura de suelo divididos por método implementado y zona de la SRZ. En el territorio de la subcuenca se encontraron siete texturas de suelo diferentes, siendo la más común en ambos métodos la textura franco-arcillo-arenosa. Se compararon las texturas de suelo para cada muestra procesada en ambos métodos y de 103 muestras 66 coincidieron en textura de suelo. Con la función Texture se puede ahorrar tiempo por la menor cantidad de datos de entrada que requiere. Además, se pueden analizar múltiples pruebas a la vez. Por otra parte, en la hoja de cálculo se tuvieron que descartar varias muestras debido a resultados que no se pudieron utilizar.
Valoración de la conducta en ratas Sprague Dawley sometidas a enriquecimiento ambiental
Authors: Madrid Alanna , Rivera René , Herrera Lizzi , Carreira María , Britton Gabrielle , De Jesús Rosa
Published: August 2021

En los animales de laboratorio, se conoce que los procedimientos de rutina como la manipulación, la sujeción, las inyecciones o la toma de muestras de sangre provocan una respuesta aguda de estrés. El objetivo de este ensayo fue determinar si la condición de enriquecimiento del alojamiento de las ratas Sprague Dawley producidas en el Bioterio de INDICASAT-AIP, puede favorecer una conducta ansiolítica luego de un procedimiento aversivo como la toma de muestra de sangre. Al destete, los animales se segregaron en 2 grupos que incluyeron: grupo con y sin enriquecimiento. El enriquecimiento ambiental consistió en 2 tubos de policloruro de vinilo por caja. Ocho semanas después, los animales se sometieron a las pruebas de conducta de campo abierto y laberinto en cruz elevado antes y después de un procedimiento de toma de muestra sanguínea vía retroorbital previa sedación con isofluorano. En los parámetros valorados en campo abierto: tiempo de movilidad e inmovilidad, no se observó un efecto significativo entre los grupos con enriquecimiento y sin enriquecimiento. En relación a los parámetros del laberinto en cruz elevado, se encontró que los animales alojados en el ambiente con enriquecimiento pasaron en promedio una mayor cantidad de tiempo (35±21s), en brazos abiertos, que el grupo sin enriquecimiento (7±6s). Estos datos permitieron comprobar que el enriquecimiento ayudó a disminuir la ansiedad en las ratas del ensayo, luego de ser sometidas a un procedimiento aversivo como la toma de muestra sanguínea.
La relación entre factores de la personalidad y conductas y cogniciones sexuales: un estudio correlacional
Authors: Jiménez Rodríguez Ángela , Álvarez Sofía
Published: August 2021

La personalidad se define como un patrón de rasgos relativamente permanentes y de características singulares que confieren coherencia e individualidad al comportamiento de una persona (Feist, 2014). David Schmitt (2011) diferencia este tipo de personalidad de las que se dan en situaciones sexuales. Esta clasificación se basa en las diferencias comportamentales que se pueden observar entre la vida sexual y social de ciertas personas. Se planteó la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué factores de la personalidad influyen en las cogniciones y conductas sexuales?. La población fueron universitarios residentes de Panamá, entre los 18 y 25 años de edad, que hubieran tenido relaciones sexuales. Entre las características de los participantes de la investigación, se encontró que la edad media de estos fue de 20.65 (DE=1.78) y alrededor del 65% eran varones. El 60% se identificaron como heterosexuales. De la muestra total, el 65% se encontraban manteniendo relaciones sexuales actualmente. Los resultados muestran que los introvertidos tienen un mayor nivel de cogniciones exploratorias que los extrovertidos; los que actualmente mantienen relaciones sexuales tienen en promedio un mayor nivel de cogniciones sadomasoquistas; las personas que están en relaciones en promedio tienen más cogniciones exploratorias, impersonales y conductas íntimas. Debido a los resultados, se pudo observar que la personalidad social y la personalidad sexual no presentan correlaciones claras y que la sexual fluctúa en los ámbitos sexuales. Adicional, se obtuvieron datos que no habían sido observados en investigaciones similares, como la relación negativa entre la reserva cognitiva con las cogniciones y conductas sexuales.
El urbanismo y la arquitectura tradicional como ejemplo frente a la COVID 19
Authors: Arroyo Duarte Silvia
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo surge de una investigación sobre el urbanismo y la arquitectura tradicional de Panamá que se encuentran en la región de Azuero. A través de la investigación documental y la investigación de campo, se ha podido analizar que el urbanismo tradicional es una rama del urbanismo colonial, mientras que la arquitectura tradicional surge de un cúmulo de influencias. Estos patrones de asentamiento tradicionales e históricos, mucho más resilientes, tienen una serie de características que los señalan como ejemplo urbano y arquitectónico frente a la COVID-19. Un dato para tener en cuenta al resolver los problemas actuales causados por la pandemia.
Pengaruh Latihan Interval Terhadap Indeks Kelelahan Pemain Bulu Tangkis Pada Anak Usia 11-13 Tahun
Authors: Buan Marianus Raya , Falaahudin Ardhika
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) ada/tidaknya pengaruh latihan interval untuk peningkatan VO2max; 2) apakah metode latihan interval efektif  terhadap peningkatan VO2max pada siswa SDK Santa Ursula usia 11-13 tahun di daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain Two-grup pretest-posttest. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 20 Siswa SDK Santa Ursula . Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan Yo-Yo tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji-t. Berdasarkan Penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) ada pengaruh penigkatan VO2max  pada siswa SDK Santa Ursula  usia 11-13 tahun dengan latihan interval, yang terbukti dari nilai t hitung (2,471) > t table (2,262), 2) metode latihan  interval efektif  terhadap peningkatan VO2max pada siswa SDK Santa Ursula usia 11-13 tahun.
Kontribusi Kelentukan, Kekuatan, Dan Daya Tahan Atlet Gulat Sasana Bantul
Authors: Bintoro Yogi , Nugraheningsih Ginanjar
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi kelentukan, kekuatan, dan daya tahan atlet gulat Sasana Bantul. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dengan teknik tes dan pengukuran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Atlet Gulat Sasana Bantul yang berjumlah 12 atlet, yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen untuk mengukur kekuatan otot lengan menggunakan tes Push Up, kelentukan menggunakan tes Sit and Reach, dan tes daya tahan menggunakan Multistage Fitness Test (beep test) telah melalui tahap validitas dan reliabilitas instrument. Melalui tahap Uji prasyarat analisis uji normalitas menggunakan Lilliefors dan uji homogenitas menggunakan Uji-F. Teknik analisis data menggunakan persentase (%).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. (1) Kontribusi kekuatan otot lengan keseluruhan atlet putra-putri sasana gulat Bantul berada pada kategori “sangat kurang” sebesar 0% (0 atlet), “kurang” sebesar 33,00% (4 atlet), “cukup” sebesar 42,00% (5 atlet), “baik” sebesar 8,00% (1 atlet), dan “sangat baik” 17,00% (2 atlet). Sehingga kontribusi kekuatan pada kategori cukup yaitu 42,00% dengan rata-rata 54,00. (2) Kontribusi kelentukan keseluruhan atlet putra-putri atlet sasana gulat Bantul berada pada kategori “sangat kurang” sebesar 0% (0 atlet), “kurang” sebesar 50,00% (6 atlet), “cukup” sebesar 8,33% (1 atlet), “baik” sebesar 33,34% (4 atlet), dan “sangat baik” 8,00% (1 atlet).  Sehingga kontribusi kelentukan pada kategori kurang yaitu 50% dengan rata-rata 20,50. (3) Kontribusi daya tahan keseluruhan atlet putra-putri sasana gulat Bantul berada pada kategori “sangat kurang” sebesar 8,00% (1 atlet), “kurang” sebesar 16,67% (2 atlet), “cukup” sebesar 41,67% (5 atlet), “baik” sebesar 33,33% (4 atlet), dan “sangat baik” 0% (0 atlet). Sehingga kontribusi daya tahan pada kategori cukup yaitu 41,67% dengan rata-rata 37,38.
Penerapan Metode Pasing Kaki Bagian Dalam melalui Permainan Gawang Segitiga untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Passing Ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola MTSN 6 Sleman
Authors: Nuryanta Heri , Wibowo Antonius Tri
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan passing siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di MTSN 6 Sleman masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan passing menggunakan gawang segitiga kemampuan passing siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola di MTSN 6 Sleman. Dalam permainan ini dibatasi pada teknik passing kaki bagian dalam. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa ekstrakurikuler di MTSN 6 Sleman masih rendah dengan jumlah siswa 24 orang. Urutan kegiatan penelitian ini mencakup: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, (4) refleksi. Pengumpulan datanya menggunakan RPP, lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya menggunakan deskripsi presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I rata-rata ketrampilan passing kaki bagian dalam sebesar 73, siswa yang mendapat nilai di atas 75 (KKM) sebanyak 13 siswa atau 54%. Sedangkan pada siklus II rata-rata ketrampilan passing kaki bagian dalam sebesar 77, siswa yang mendapat nilai di atas 75 sebanyak 21 siswa atau 87%. Sehingga hal itu sudah memenuhi target, yaitu 75%. Hasil penelitian terdapat peningkatan dari beberapa indikator ketercapaian dalam setiap aspek, yaitu adanya peningkatan keaktifan siswa, kesungguhan dan keberanian siswa dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler sepak bola. Suasana siswa yang menyenangkan juga dapat memotivasi siswa untuk mengikuti praktek di lapangan
The history of the emergence of ideas about the principle of reasonableness in the mechanism of interpretation of law
Authors: Strashinsky B. R.
Published: August 2021

The issue of the history of the origin of ideas about the principle of reasonableness in law occupies a central place within the study of historical and legal aspects of the principles of law in general. The author proves that the ideas about the principles of law in general are marked by the historical duration of their formation and development, and today the legal doctrine is represented by a wide range: a) worldview and scientific ideas of thinkers of antiquity; b) various theoretical and practical ideas of philosophers of the medieval period; c) scientific works of the Modern Age and the Enlightenment; d) innovative concepts and theories put forward by modern philosophers, modern jurists, political scientists, philosophers and scientists (both representatives of legal sciences and other branches of scientific research). In addition, the paper analyzes the history of the origin of worldviews and scientific ideas about the principle of reasonableness in law, as well as identifies the factors that led to its separation as an object of scientific knowledge.

It is substantiated that thinkers of the Antiquity period comprehend and reveal the ideas of reason in law (law) through a set of other concepts and categories that form a connection with this ideological principle, namely: the logos, which is defined as the eternal world order; law, legislative activity as a manifestation of the logos, the ability to formalize the logos; wisdom as a result of education and human experience, public interests and balancing the interests of various subjects of social relations; common sense, etc. Summarizes the position that in the views of thinkers arises and develops the worldview that law is a product of mental human activity, which should be educated, vitally wise, and therefore able to think, analyze the objective needs of society, distinguish between «good» and «evil». This idea became a component of sophistry, which later in the views of Roman jurists expanded and rethought in terms of lawmaking and law enforcement on the mental abilities of man, who invest in the content of laws rational ideas and able to understand and apply them with the mind. It is stated that despite the fact that in the legal teachings of antiquity the principle of reasonableness in law has not yet become an independent subject of worldview or scientific understanding, nor has it been singled out as a separate legal category, it should be noted the research interest of ancient thinkers in development and improvement law, its nature, essence and functional purpose, actions and effectiveness, which are understood, including through the prism of ideas about human wisdom (mind), rationality in law, features of the implementation of law in human consciousness and behavior.

Keywords: law principles, functions law principles, principle of reasonableness in law, role of principle of reasonableness in law, system law principles.
Court of Justice of the European Union: historiography of European sources published in the period 1957-1992
Authors: Kaminska I. V.
Published: August 2021

Before proceeding to the analysis and characterization of foreign publications, all the sources we found were systematized according to the time criterion, according to which all the publications found, which in one way or another examined the Court of Justice, we divided into three periods, namely: I period (1957–1992); II period (1992–2007); III period (2007-present). The division was based on the periodization of the development of European integration, or rather its main stages. And the period – the creation and functioning of the European Communities (from the Treaties of Rome to the signing of the Maastricht Treaty); II period – the formation of the European Union (signing of the Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice treaties); Period III – the functioning of the European Union in its modern form (after the signing of the Lisbon Treaty and until now). Thanks to this systematization, we were able to demonstrate what topics were relevant among scholars in a particular period of development of integration and functioning of the Court of Justice. The main presentation of the material is devoted to the results of the analysis of foreign scientific publications concerning the principles of organization and functioning of the Court of Justice published in the period 1957–1992. We found that most scientific papers were published by scientists from Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, France which account for a significant share of the work of judges and Advocates-General of the Court of Justice. All foreign sources published in this period were analyzed by us on the subject of research and grouped by subject. Thus, we found that in the period 1957–1992.current research topics on the Court of Justice of the EU were: protection of individuals in the EU law and order; methods of interpretation in the decision of the Court of Justice of the EU; judicial control in the EU; the legal nature of the interaction between national judicial institutions and the Court of Justice and their impact on the uniform application of the Community legal order and its organic combination with the national legal order; judicial activism; principles of EU law; the role of EU judges in the development of European integration.

Keywords: EU Court, judicial activism, EU legal order, principles of EU law, EU court decision.
Impact of volumetric system design on compressor inlet conditions in supercritical CO2
cycles
Authors: Hacks Alexander , Schuster Sebastian , Brillert Dieter
Published: August 2021

The paper aims to improve the understanding of the dependency of compressor inlet conditions close to the critical point in supercritical CO2  (sCO2 ) cycles on different volumetric cycle designs. The compressor inlet conditions are fixed by the specific static outlet enthalpy of the main cooler and the static pressure determined by the mass of CO2  in the closed cycle. While in a previous study the authors analyzed effects on the compressor inlet conditions with respect to the specific static enthalpy in the pseudocritical region for constant inlet pressure, this paper focuses on the influence of the volume of the heater and cooler. The analysis is based on experimental observations from two different experimental sCO2  cycles, the SUSEN loop and the HeRo loop. The change of compressor inlet pressure upon change of the cooling power is substantially different and caused by the different volumetric design of the cycles. A simple model based on the volumes of the hot and cold sections in the cycle is developed to understand the dependency of compressor inlet conditions on the volumetric design. In terms of the volumetric design of the cycle, the paper will improve the knowledge of the challenges in stable compressor operation close to the critical point.
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Spatial Heterogeneity of Immune Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Youyu , Li Xiaohua , Peng Shengkun , Hu Honglin , Wang Yuntao , Shao Mengqi , Feng Gang , Liu Yu , Bai Yifeng
Published: August 2021

The impacts of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor evolvability remain unclear. A challenge for nearly all cancer types is spatial heterogeneity, providing substrates for the emergence and evolvability of drug resistance and leading to unfavorable prognosis. Understanding TME heterogeneity among different tumor sites would provide deeper insights into personalized therapy. We found 9,992 cell profiles of the TME in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples at a single-cell resolution. By comparing different tumor sites, we discovered high TME heterogeneity. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was utilized to explore functional differences between cell subpopulations and between the core, middle and edge of tumors. We identified 8 main cell types and 27 cell subtypes of T cells, B cells, fibroblasts and myeloid cells. We revealed CD4+ naive T cells in the tumor core that express high levels of immune checkpoint molecules and have a higher activity of immune-exhaustion signaling. CD8+ T cell subpopulations in the tumor core correlate with the upregulated activity of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling and downregulated T cell activity. B cell subtypes in the tumor core downregulate cytokine production. In this study, we revealed that there was immunological heterogeneity in the TME of patients with LUAD that have different ratios of immune cells and stromal cells, different functions, and various degrees of activation of immune-related pathways in different tumor parts. Therefore, clarifying the spatial heterogeneity of the tumor in the immune microenvironment can help clinicians design personalized treatments.
Near Complete Repair After Myocardial Infarction in Adult Mice by Altering the Inflammatory Response With Intramyocardial Injection of α-Gal Nanoparticles
Authors: Galili Uri , Zhu Zhongkai , Chen Jiwang , Goldufsky Josef W. , Schaer Gary L.
Published: August 2021

Background: Neonatal mice, but not older mice, can regenerate their hearts after myocardial-infarction (MI), a process mediated by pro-reparative macrophages. α-Gal nanoparticles applied to skin wounds in adult-mice bind the anti-Gal antibody, activate the complement cascade and generate complement chemotactic peptides that recruit pro-reparative macrophages which are further activated by these nanoparticles. The recruited macrophages decrease wound healing time by ~50%, restore the normal skin structure and prevent fibrosis and scar formation in mice.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine if α-gal nanoparticles injected into the reperfused myocardium after MI in adult-mice can induce myocardial repair that restores normal structure, similar to that observed in skin injuries.

Methods and Results: MI was induced by occluding the mid-portion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 30 min. Immediately following reperfusion, each mouse received two 10 μl injections of 100 μg α-gal nanoparticles in saline into the LAD territory (n = 20), or saline for controls (n = 10). Myocardial infarct size was measured by planimetry following Trichrome staining and macrophage recruitment by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured by echocardiography. Control mice displayed peak macrophage infiltration at 4-days, whereas treated mice had a delayed peak macrophage infiltration at 7-days. At 28-days, control mice demonstrated large transmural infarcts with extensive scar formation and poor contractile function. In contrast, mice treated with α-gal nanoparticles demonstrated after 28-days a marked reduction in infarct size (~10-fold smaller), restoration of normal myocardium structure and contractile function.

Conclusions: Intramyocardial injection of α-gal nanoparticles post-MI in anti-Gal producing adult-mice results in near complete repair of the infarcted territory, with restoration of normal LV structure and contractile function. The mechanism responsible for this benefit likely involves alteration of the usual inflammatory response post-MI, as previously observed with regeneration of injured hearts in adult zebrafish, salamanders and neonatal mice.
Ancient Starch Remains Reveal the Vegetal Diet of the Neolithic Late Dawenkou Culture in Jiangsu, East China
Authors: Zhang Xi , Zhu Xiaoting , Hu Yingfang , Zhou Zhenyu , Olsen John W. , Guan Ying
Published: August 2021

The Liangwangcheng site, located in Pizhou County, Xuzhou City, northern Jiangsu Province, is one of the most important Neolithic Dawenkou Culture archeological sites in the Haidai area of China’s eastern seaboard. In recent years, archaeobotanical studies in the Haidai area, mainly focusing on Shandong Province, have yielded fruitful results, while relatively few such studies have been undertaken in northern Jiangsu Province. Here, we report the results of dental residue analysis conducted on 31 individual human skulls unearthed from the Late Dawenkou Culture Liangwangcheng site. The starch granules extracted from these residue samples indicate that foxtail and broomcorn millet, rice, roots and tubers, and legumes comprised the vegetal diet of Liangwangcheng’s occupants. Evidence suggests that mixed rice–millet agriculture played a definite role, with the coexistence of gathering as an economic element. According to archaeobotanical evidence from surrounding cotemporaneous sites, the Late Neolithic human groups that lived in the lower Huang-Huai River drainage shared similar subsistence patterns. Our results provide new evidence for a more comprehensive understanding of plant resource utilization and agricultural development in northern Jiangsu during the Dawenkou period.
The Size of it: Scant Evidence That Flower Size Variation Affects Deception in Intersexual Floral Mimicry
Authors: Russell Avery L. , Sanders Stephanie R. , Wilson Liam A. , Papaj Daniel R.
Published: August 2021

Mutualisms involve cooperation, but also frequently involve conflict. Plant-pollinator mutualisms are no exception. To facilitate animal pollination, flowering plants often offer pollen (their male gametes) as a food reward. Since plants benefit by maximizing pollen export to conspecific flowers, we might expect plants to cheat on pollen rewards. In intersexual floral mimicry, rewarding pollen-bearing male flowers (models) are mimicked by rewardless female flowers (mimics) on the same plant. Pollinators should therefore learn to avoid the unrewarding mimics. Plants might impede such learning by producing phenotypically variable flowers that cause bees to generalize among models and mimics during learning. In this laboratory study, we used partially artificial flowers (artificial petals, live reproductive parts) modeled after Begonia odorata to test whether variation in the size of rewarding male flowers (models) and unrewarding female flowers (mimics) affected how quickly bees learned both to recognize models and to reject mimics. Live unrewarding female flowers have 33% longer petals and have 31% greater surface area than live rewarding male flowers, which bees should easily discriminate. Yet while bees rapidly learned to reduce foraging effort on mimics, learning was not significantly affected by the degree to which flower size varied. Additionally, we found scant evidence that this was a result of bees altering response speed to maintain decision accuracy. Our study failed to provide evidence that flower size variation in intersexual floral mimicry systems exploits pollinator cognition, though we cannot rule out that other floral traits that are variable may be important. Furthermore, we propose that contrary to expectation, phenotypic variability in a Batesian mimicry system may not necessarily have significant effects on whether receivers effectively learn to discriminate models and mimics.
Early Transcriptome Response of Trichoderma virens to Colonization of Maize Roots
Authors: Taylor James T. , Wang Ken-Der , Horwitz Benjamin , Kolomiets Michael , Kenerley Charles M.
Published: August 2021

Trichoderma virens is a well-known mycoparasitic fungal symbiont that is valued for its biocontrol capabilities. T. virens initiates a symbiotic relationship with a plant host through the colonization of its roots. To achieve colonization, the fungus must communicate with the host and evade its innate defenses. In this study, we explored the genes involved with the host communication and colonization process through transcriptomic profiling of the wild-type fungus and selected deletion mutants as they colonized maize roots. Transcriptome profiles of the T. virens colonization of maize roots over time revealed that 24 h post inoculation appeared to be a key time for plant-microbe communication, with many key gene categories, including signal transduction mechanisms and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, peaking in expression at this early colonization time point. The transcriptomic profiles of Sm1 and Sir1 deletion mutants in the presence of plants demonstrated that Sir1, rather than Sm1, appears to be the key regulator of the fungal response to maize, with 64% more unique differentially expressed genes compared to Sm1. Additionally, we developed a novel algorithm utilizing gene clustering and coexpression network analyses to select potential colonization-related gene targets for characterization. About 40% of the genes identified by the algorithm would have been missed using previous methods for selecting gene targets.
Investigation on the Application of Taylor Impact Test to High-G Loading
Authors: Juncheng Li , Gang Chen , Yonggang Lu , Fenglei Huang
Published: August 2021

Taylor impact test is characterized by high impact energy, low cost, and good repeatability, giving it the technical foundation and development potential for application in high-g loading. In this paper, the feasibility of performing high-g load impact testing to a missile-borne recorder by conducting Taylor impact test was studied by combining simulation analyses with experimental verification. Acccording to the actual dimensions of the missile-borne recorder, an experimental piece was designed based on the Taylor impact principle. The impact loading characteristics of the missile-borne recorder were then simulated and analyzed at different impact velocities. In addition, the peak acceleration function and the pulse duration function of the load were fitted to guide the experimental design. A Taylor-Hopkinson impact experiment was also conducted to measure the impact load that was actually experienced by the missile-borne recorder and the results were compared with the results of strain measurements on the Hopkinson incident bar. The results showed that the peak value of impact load, the pulse duration and the waveform of the actual experimental results were in good agreement with the results predicted by the simulations. Additionally, the strain data measured on the incident bar could be used to verify or replace the acceleration testing of the specimen to simplify the experimental process required. Based on the impact velocity, high-g loading impact was achieved with peak values in the 7,000–30,000 g range and durations of 1.3–1 ms, and the waveform generated was a sawtooth wave. The research results provide a new approach for high amplitude and long pulse duration impact loading to large-mass components, and broaden the application field of Taylor impact test.
The Diagnosis of Protein Energy Wasting in Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Is Influenced by the Method of Calculating Muscle Mass. A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Roth-Stefanski Cristina Techy , Rodrigues de Almeida Naiane , Biagini Gilson , Scatone Natália K. , Nerbass Fabiana B. , de Moraes Thyago Proença
Published: August 2021

Objective: To analyze the concordance and agreement between bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and anthropometry for the diagnosis of protein energy wasting (PEW) in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients.

Methods: Prospective, multi-center, observational study using multifrequency bioimpedance device (Body Composition Monitor -BCM®- Fresenius Medical Care) and anthropometry for the diagnosis of PEW as recommended by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM). Cohen's kappa was the main test used to analyze concordance and a Bland-Altmann curve was built to evaluate the agreement between both methods.

Results: We included 137 patients from three PD clinics. The mean age of the study population was 57.7 ± 14.9, 47.8% had diabetes, and 52.2% were male. We calculated the scores for PEW diagnosis at 3 and 6 months after the first collection (T3 and T6) and on average 40% of the study population were diagnosed with PEW. The concordance in the diagnosis of PEW was only moderate between anthropometry and BIS at both T3 and T6. The main factor responsible for our results was a low to moderate correlation for muscle mass in kilograms, with an r-squared (R2) of 0.35. The agreement was poor, with a difference of more than 10 kg of muscle mass on average and with more than a quarter of all cases beyond the limits of agreements.

Conclusion: Current diagnosis of PEW may differ depending on the tools used to measure muscle mass in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Adaptation of Soil Fungal Community Structure and Assembly to Long- Versus Short-Term Nitrogen Addition in a Tropical Forest
Authors: He Jinhong , Jiao Shuo , Tan Xiangping , Wei Hui , Ma Xiaomin , Nie Yanxia , Liu Juxiu , Lu Xiankai , Mo Jiangming , Shen Weijun
Published: August 2021

Soil fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and are sensitive to global changes. Elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to impact on fungal diversity and community composition, but how the fungal community assembly responds to the duration effects of experimental N addition remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the soil fungal community variations and assembly processes under short- (2 years) versus long-term (13 years) exogenous N addition (∼100 kg N ha–1 yr–1) in a N-rich tropical forest of China. We observed that short-term N addition significantly increased fungal taxonomic and phylogenetic α-diversity and shifted fungal community composition with significant increases in the relative abundance of Ascomycota and decreases in that of Basidiomycota. Short-term N addition also significantly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi and decreased that of ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, unremarkable effects on these indices were found under long-term N addition. The variations of fungal α-diversity, community composition, and the relative abundance of major phyla, genera, and functional guilds were mainly correlated with soil pH and NO3––N concentration, and these correlations were much stronger under short-term than long-term N addition. The results of null, neutral community models and the normalized stochasticity ratio (NST) index consistently revealed that stochastic processes played predominant roles in the assembly of soil fungal community in the tropical forest, and the relative contribution of stochastic processes was significantly increased by short-term N addition. These findings highlighted that the responses of fungal community to N addition were duration-dependent, i.e., fungal community structure and assembly would be sensitive to short-term N addition but become adaptive to long-term N enrichment.
Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Marinobacter Phage vB_MalS-PS3, Representing a New Lambda-Like Temperate Siphoviral Genus Infecting Algae-Associated Bacteria
Authors: Liu Yundan , Zheng Kaiyang , Liu Baohong , Liang Yantao , You Siyuan , Zhang Wenjing , Zhang Xinran , Jie Yaqi , Shao Hongbing , Jiang Yong , Guo Cui , He Hui , Wang Hualong , Sung Yeong Yik , Mok Wen Jye , Wong Li Lian , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min
Published: August 2021

Marinobacter is the abundant and important algal-associated and hydrocarbon biodegradation bacteria in the ocean. However, little knowledge about their phages has been reported. Here, a novel siphovirus, vB_MalS-PS3, infecting Marinobacter algicola DG893(T), was isolated from the surface waters of the western Pacific Ocean. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that vB_MalS-PS3 has the morphology of siphoviruses. VB_MalS-PS3 was stable from −20 to 55°C, and with the latent and rise periods of about 80 and 10 min, respectively. The genome sequence of VB_MalS-PS3 contains a linear, double-strand 42,168-bp DNA molecule with a G + C content of 56.23% and 54 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Nineteen conserved domains were predicted by BLASTp in NCBI. We found that vB_MalS-PS3 represent an understudied viral group with only one known isolate. The phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequences of whole genomes revealed that vB_MalS-PS3 has a distant evolutionary relationship with other siphoviruses, and can be grouped into a novel viral genus cluster with six uncultured assembled viral genomes from metagenomics, named here as Marinovirus. This study of the Marinobacter phage vB_MalS-PS3 genome enriched the genetic database of marine bacteriophages, in addition, will provide useful information for further research on the interaction between Marinobacter phages and their hosts, and their relationship with algal blooms and hydrocarbon biodegradation in the ocean.
A Novel Network-Based Algorithm for Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions Using Gene Ontology
Authors: Hu Lun , Wang Xiaojuan , Huang Yu-An , Hu Pengwei , You Zhu-Hong
Published: August 2021

Proteins are one of most significant components in living organism, and their main role in cells is to undertake various physiological functions by interacting with each other. Thus, the prediction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of biological processes, such as chronic infections. Given the fact that laboratory-based experiments are normally time-consuming and labor-intensive, computational prediction algorithms have become popular at present. However, few of them could simultaneously consider both the structural information of PPI networks and the biological information of proteins for an improved accuracy. To do so, we assume that the prior information of functional modules is known in advance and then simulate the generative process of a PPI network associated with the biological information of proteins, i.e., Gene Ontology, by using an established Bayesian model. In order to indicate to what extent two proteins are likely to interact with each other, we propose a novel scoring function by combining the membership distributions of proteins with network paths. Experimental results show that our algorithm has a promising performance in terms of several independent metrics when compared with state-of-the-art prediction algorithms, and also reveal that the consideration of modularity in PPI networks provides us an alternative, yet much more flexible, way to accurately predict PPIs.
Chronic Migraine Pathophysiology and Treatment: A Review of Current Perspectives
Authors: Mungoven Tiffani J. , Henderson Luke A. , Meylakh Noemi
Published: August 2021

Chronic migraine is a disabling neurological disorder that imposes a considerable burden on individual and socioeconomic outcomes. Chronic migraine is defined as headaches occurring on at least 15 days per month with at least eight of these fulfilling the criteria for migraine. Chronic migraine typically evolves from episodic migraine as a result of increasing attack frequency and/or several other risk factors that have been implicated with migraine chronification. Despite this evolution, chronic migraine likely develops into its own distinct clinical entity, with unique features and pathophysiology separating it from episodic migraine. Furthermore, chronic migraine is characterized with higher disability and incidence of comorbidities in comparison to episodic migraine. While existing migraine studies primarily focus on episodic migraine, less is known about chronic migraine pathophysiology. Mounting evidence on aberrant alterations suggest that pronounced functional and structural brain changes, central sensitization and neuroinflammation may underlie chronic migraine mechanisms. Current treatment options for chronic migraine include risk factor modification, acute and prophylactic therapies, evidence-based treatments such as onabotulinumtoxinA, topiramate and newly approved calcitonin gene-related peptide or receptor targeted monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, treatments are still predominantly ineffective in aborting migraine attacks and decreasing intensity and frequency, and poor adherence and compliance with preventative medications remains a significant challenge. Novel emerging chronic migraine treatments such as neuromodulation offer promising therapeutic approaches that warrant further investigation. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update of current knowledge and perspectives regarding chronic migraine background, pathophysiology, current and emerging treatment options with the intention of facilitating future research into this debilitating and largely indeterminant disorder.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Polymyxin B and Dosage Optimization in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Li Ying , Deng Yang , Zhu Zhen-Yu , Liu Yi-Ping , Xu Ping , Li Xin , Xie Yue-Liang , Yao Heng-Chang , Yang Liu , Zhang Bi-Kui , Zhou Yan-Gang
Published: August 2021

Currently, polymyxin B has been widely used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen infections. Due to the limited pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, the optimal dosage regimen for the recently proposed therapeutic target of the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in steady state divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration 50–100 mg⋅h/L has not yet been established. Moreover, most studies have focused on critically ill patients, yet there have been no studies in the field of renal transplantation. To optimize the dosage strategy and reduce the risk of toxicity, a population pharmacokinetics model of polymyxin B with the Phoenix NLME program was developed in our study. A total of 151 plasma samples from 50 patients were collected in the present study. Polymyxin B plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A one-compartment model adequately described the data, and the clearance and volume of distribution were 1.18 L/h and 12.09 L, respectively. A larger creatinine clearance was associated with increased clearance of polymyxin B (p < 0.01). Monte Carlo simulation showed that a regimen of a 75 mg loading dose with a 50 mg maintenance dose was a better option to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤1 mg/L) and to reduce the incidence of side effects for patients with renal impairments. The developed model suggested that dosing adjustment should be based on renal function in renal transplant patients.
Tomato Divinyl Ether-Biosynthesis Pathway Is Implicated in Modulating of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica's Parasitic Ability
Authors: Sanadhya Payal , Kumar Anil , Bucki Patricia , Fitoussi Nathalia , Carmeli-Weissberg Mira , Borenstein Menachem , Brown-Miyara Sigal
Published: August 2021

The role of the 9-lipoxygenase (9-LOX)-derived oxylipins in plant defense is mainly known in solanaceous plants. In this work, we identify the functional role of the tomato divinyl ether synthase (LeDES) branch, which exclusively converts 9-hydroperoxides to the 9-divinyl ethers (DVEs) colneleic acid (CA) and colnelenic acid (CnA), during infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Analysis of LeDES expression in roots indicated a concurrent response to nematode infection, demonstrating a sharp increase in expression during the molting of third/fourth-stage juveniles, 15 days after inoculation. Spatiotemporal expression analysis using an LeDES promoter:GUS tomato line showed high GUS activity associated with the developing gall; however the GUS signal became more constricted as infection progressed to the mature nematode feeding sites, and eventually disappeared. Wounding did not activate the LeDES promoter, but auxins and methyl salicylate triggered LeDES expression, indicating a hormone-mediated function of DVEs. Heterologous expression of LeDES in Arabidopsis thaliana rendered the plants more resistant to nematode infection and resulted in a significant reduction in third/fourth-stage juveniles and adult females as compared to a vector control and the wild type. To further evaluate the nematotoxic activity of the DVEs CA and CnA, recombinant yeast that catalyzes the formation of CA and CnA from 9-hydroperoxides was generated. Transgenic yeast accumulating CnA was tested for its impact on M. javanica juveniles, indicating a decrease in second-stage juvenile motility. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for LeDES as a determinant in the defense response during M. javanica parasitism, and indicate two functional modes: directly via DVE motility inhibition effect and through signal molecule-mediated defense reactions to nematodes that depend on methyl salicylate.