bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) on the Circulating Eosinophils in Infants
Authors: BERGSTRAND C. G. , HELLSTRÖM B. , JONSSON B.
Published: January 2008

1. The spontaneous change in the number of circulating eosinophils from 8 to 12 o'clock was investigated in full‐term and premature infants 0–7 days old and in full‐term infants 30–120 daye old. This change is sometimes considerable. — 2. The change in the number of eosinophil leukocytes from 8 to 12 o'clock after the injection of small doses of ACTH (1/3 and 2/3 mg per kilogram bodyweight) was investigated in the same groups of children. — 3. When the mean values of the change expressed in per cent of the number of eosinophils at 8 o'clock are considered, a decrease after administration of ACTH is found in all groups. A statistical analysis shows that no significant difference in the degree of this decrease exists between premature and full‐term newborns (0–7 days old). Nor is it possible to find such a difference between full term, 0–7 days old infants and infants 30–120 days old. — 4. The degree of response in the premature could not be correlated to weight or age of the infant. — 5. Cortisone had no significant effect on the number of eosinophils, when tested in the same way as ACTH. — 6. The results are discussed and it is pointed out that, if it is assumed that the eosinophil response to ACTH is a test of adreno‐cortical function, the data collected in this investigation are difficult to coordinate with the hypothesis, that there exists in the newborn a physiological transitory adrenal insufficiency.
Studies on Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Children
Authors: BERFENSTAM RAGNAR
Published: January 2008

A short review of the literature on the enzyme earbonic anhydrase is given. Special weight has been laid on earlier clinical work.

An account of the author's method, which is a modification of the “boat method” of Meldrum and Roughton, is given.

A number of normal values for the C.a. activity in the blood of adults, children in various age groups and infants are given. It is concluded, that the activity for new‐born infants is about one third that of adults, and that the enzyme activity in infants and children increases with increasing age.

The enzyme activity in the blood of premature infants is shown to be only about 5–10 per cent that of adults. The activity increases slowly during the first months of life.

The relationships between the enzyme activity and the degree of maturity, length and weight at birth are discussed. There seems to be a good correlation between enzyme activity and maturity.

The clinical importance of the low enzyme activity for cyanosis and vitality in premature infants is discussed. The author has not been able to verify the finding of Stevenson, that cyanosis often is associated with low carbonic anhydrase activity.

A parallel relationship between the enzyme activity and the zinc content of the blood is demonstrated.
Retrolental Fibroplasia in Sweden
Authors: BJELKHAGEN INGEMAR
Published: January 2008

A report is given on the occurrence of retrolental fibroplasia in Sweden. Premature material has been examined from 1940–49 at the Samariten Childrens Hospital in Stockholm, When infants weighing under 2000 g at birth were examined by an eye‐specialist. Of the surviving 326 cliildren 95 per cent liave brt˜n coiitrolletl, of these 3 n‐ere fou11d to b e suffering from fihroplnsin. Tlirrc;i r ˜ 38 cascs of this diseanr now Iciioii in 8wcdcii, 20 1)oj‐s aiitl 18 girls, all hor˜i hetwct=ii 1945;ind 1950. The IT‐eight at birth varies hctxw1i 920 and 2200 g, 25 being under 1 500 g. The etiology of the disease is supposed to lie of iiifcctious character, probably a neiiroiropic virus. Toxoplasniosis may lie the cause i n crrtaiiicasrs. Regular oplitlialniic control is iiec ry during tlic? first, nioiiths in all premature infants wcighiiig less than, say, 2 000 g. Finally the necessity for ii special preparatory school to a blind eiiiphnhized for those who are mentally iiorrnal as for the care of those nlio are iriciitally retarded. institute hab heen well as inhtitutes
Rubella During Pregnancy| Its Effects upon Perinatal Mortality, the Incidence of congenital Abnormalities and Immaturity. A Preliminary Report
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM ROLF
Published: January 2008

An investigation has been started to ascertain the pathogenic effects on the focutus of rubella in the mother during pregnancy. A preliminary report is givne of these effects as assessed at birth and shortly afterwards, in a series of 1067 cases of rubella during pregnancy.

Rubella, during tlie first 4 mouths of pregnancy is found to have a demonatrable effect in the form of stillbirth, neonatal death, anatomically demonstrable abnormalities and immaturity. The total incidence is approximately 17 per cent as compared to approximately 6 per cent in a concurrent control series.

A higher incidence (11 per cent) of abnormal foetuses than in the controls is also recorded in the following group: women who had eailier suffered from rubella, had been exposed to infection by the virus during the first 4 months of pregnaiicy, and had not contracted rubella on this occasion.

Woman who had not had rubella earlier and who were known to have been in contact with rubella during their pregnancy but did not contract the disease show a slightly higher incidence (approximately 7 per cent) of abnormal foetuses than the control series. This difference is not significant.

After the 5th month of pregnancy, neither an attack of rubella nor exposure to the infection without contracting it is found to result in any significant difference as compared to the control series.

The investigation is being continued, both with regard to the further development of the children and to the results of the administration of convalescent serum.
Bronchial Changes in Children with Primary Tuberculosis of the Lungs
Authors: CARLENS E. , HELLSTRÖM B.
Published: January 2008

The authors examined bronchoscopically 23 cases of primary tuberculosis of the lungs in children with clinical or radiographic signs of bronchostenosis. Bronchial changes were observed in 18 cases. In 13 of these cases the changes were intrabron‐chial and associated with caseous necrosis and tuberculous granulations. The diagnostic and therapeutic role of bronchoscopy is emphasized.
The Waterhouse‐Friderichsen Syndrome
Authors: BjöRKLUND STIG‐IVAR
Published: January 2008

Fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia ‐with recovery cannot be separated clinically from the Waterhouse‐Friderichsen syndrome. The name Waterhouse‐Friderichsen Syndrome should be reserved for those cases in which the autopsy shows hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex. As the causative organism is not always the meningococcus the name fulminating purpuric septicaemia is suggested instead of fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia. The author discusses the works of other investigators who assert that hemorrhages in the adrenal cortex are not always present in cases of fulminating purpuric meningococcal septicaemia, and that, where they occur, they are not likely to be of any consequence for the clinical picture or the outcome of the disease. The relation between the pituitary and the adrenals is discussed a‐nd data are compiled, pointing to the possible high endogenous ACTH production leading to high or maximal function of the adrenal cortex. It is the author's opinion that the fatal outcome in fulminating purpuric septicaemia is caused by the hyperacute infection, the shock, and the exhaustion of the adrenal cortex. If patients suffering from this disease are to have any chance of recovery, an early diagnosis, vigorous therapy against the infection, and substitutional therapy with adrenal cortical extract are essential.
Diagnostik und Therapie der durch Pneumocystis carinii verursachten parasitären atypischen Pneumonien bei Säuglingen
Authors: DVOŘAK JINDŘICH , JÍROVEC OTTO
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassiing

1. Es werden 7 Fälle der durcli Pneumocystis carinii verursachten Pneumonic bei Sauglingen beschrieben, von denen 4 durch Sektionsbefund als solche histo‐parasito‐logisch diagnostiziert wurden.

2. Drei Falle konnten durch Plasmochin und Atebrin gerettet werden. Beide Mittel müssen genügend lange gegeben werden, denn die Reparation der befallenen Lunge geschieht nur langsam.

3. Als Grundlage der klinischen Diagnose bei den atypischen parasitären Säuglings‐pneumonien kann vorläufig folgende TRIAS gelten: a. Zyanose, b. Tachypnoë (At‐mungsfrequenz 90–120 pro Minute), c. Fehlschlagen der Antibiotica, insbesondere von Aureomycin und Chloromycetin.

4. Wir schlagen vor, jede Säuglingspneumonie, welche die oben angeführten klinischen Symptome aufweist, unbedingt gleichzeitig mit Plasmochin und Atebrin zu behandeln.
The Maximal Tubular Transfer of Glucose and Para‐amino‐hippurate in Premature Infants1,2
Authors: TUDVAD FOLKE , VESTERDAL JØRGEN
Published: January 2008

The maximal tubular excretion of para‐amino‐hippurate (TmpAH) and the maximal tubular reabsorption of glucose (Tmc) have been determined in 7 premature infants aged 19–135 days. An infusion technique was used by which it was possible to change the water administration during the experiment.

With urine flows above 3 ml/min. per 1.73 sq.m. the values of TmpAH and Tmo seemed to be independent of the urine flow. With lower urine flows the results were unreliable.

Tmo increased with increasing age, in spite of the oldest infants being those with the lowest birth weights. The ratio inulin clearance/TmG was higher than in adults, indicating that in the newborn premature infant the tubuli are more immature than the glomeruli.

Similar changes with regard to TmpAH were less evident.
Comparison of the Action of Vitamin K1 with that of Synkavit in the Newborn
Authors: DYGGVE HOLGER V. , DAM HENRIK , SØNDERGAARD EBBE
Published: January 2008

Summary

In newborn infants with varying degrees of prolonged prothrombin time no marked difference could be found between the velocity of action of vitamin K1 (10 or 0.1 mg) or synkavit (10 or 0.1 mg) when administered intravenously. This was also the case when the two substances were given orally (10 mg). The result is in contrast to the known superiority of vitamin K1 in vitamin K deficient chicks and in dicoumarol‐treated chicks or patients. Intravenous injection of vitamin K1 as well as of synkavit acts more slowly in infants than in chicks. Ingestion of d, l‐α‐tocopherol acetate (50 mg) to infants 24 hours before the injection of vitamin K1 did not result in a more rapid action of the latter substance.
Penicillin in the Prevention of Scarlet Fever1
Authors: STRÖM JUSTUS
Published: January 2008

Summary

The hemolytic streptococci are extremely sensitive to penicillin, as a rule requiring a concentration of only 0.03 IU per millilitre serum. It is possible to obtain a rapid effect in respect to sanitization of the nose and throat by administration of penicillin by injection or perorally. Recurrences in hospitals, as also secondary cases among staffs, have thereby been practically eliminated.

The streptococci reappeared, however, in an extensive number of cases a week after the return home, to the extent of 6.4 per cent of patients treated by injection and 14.2 per cent of those treated perorally. The so‐called return cases have nevertheless been rare. Their number has been reduced by penicillin therapy to between one‐twentieth and one‐fortieth of the earlier frequency, or about 1 to 2 per mille. Peroral therapy has proved almost as effective as injection treatment for the prevention of return cases in spite of a far greater frequency in the recurrence of streptococci.

Sanitization of the environment from which the scarlatina patient comes is of great importance in combating diseases caused by hemolytic streptococci, as also for the prevention of recrudescence after the return home. Such sanitization measures should be adopted following every case of scarlatina, but should be carried out in stages.
The Influence of Phenylalanine Intake on the Chemistry and Behaviour of a Phenylketonuria Child
Authors: BICKEL HORST , GERRARD JOHN , HICKMANS EVELYN M.
Published: January 2008

Summary

Phenylketonuria is a not uncommon cause of mental deficiency (there are probably 1600 cases in Great Britain alone). On the supposition that the high level of phenylalanine or its breakdown products in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid might be responsible for the mental retardation in this disorder we have treated a two year‐old child with a diet low in phenylalanine. The introduction of this diet was associated with an appreciable improvement in the patient's mental status and a fall in the level of phenylalanine in the blood and urine. When phenylalanine was again given in fairly large amounts there was an immediate and dramatic deterioration in the child's mental and biochemical condition. A similar phenylalanine intake produced no clinical reaction in a control child.

The main source of aminoacids in the diet was an acid casein hydrolysate which was specially treated to remove phenylalanine. The aim of the phenylalanine‐poor diet was to keep the phenylalanine blood level as near the normal range as possible. The preparation of such a diet presents little difficulty if a phenylalanine‐free casein hydrolysate is available. Its value in the treatment of other children is at present being investigated; it seems reasonable to assume that patients in the first two years of life will benefit most.
The Dosage of Chloromycetin Palmitate in Children
Authors: MOSSBERG HANS‐OLOF
Published: January 2008

Summary

Parke‐Davis' palatable Chloromycetin palmitate was tested. It is easily taken by young children, in contrast to the extremely repulsive crystalline Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol). The absorption rate for Chloromycetin palmitate is slower than that for crystalline Chloromycetin and the maximum blood concentration, which for crystalline Chloromycetin is obtained about 2 hours after the fasting administration, is not reached until 1 hour later for Chloromycetin palmitate. A further retardation of absorption takes place if the drug is not administered fasting. The maximum blood concentration of crystalline Chloromycetin is three times higher than the maximum values for the palmitate of the same dosage. Control experiments show that the Chloromycetin palmitate dosage should be three times greater than that of crystalline Chloromycetin in order to obtain the same maximum blood concentrations. For the maintenance of a lowest blood concentration of Chloromycetin of about 5 γ/ml, a Chloromycetin palmitate dose of 200 mg/kg per 24 hours, administered in 4 doses, is required. In order to obtain a more rapid initial rise of the blood concentration the first dose of Chloromycetin palmitate should be given with a single dose of crystalline Chloromycetin (approx. 15 mg/kg).
Über die EEG‐Befunde bei Enuresis
Authors: TEMMES YRJÖ , TOIVAKKA ERKKI
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung

Bei 54 Enuretikern wurde eine EEG‐Untersuchung gemacht. Dreizehn von den Kindern hatten früher “Anfälle” gehabt. In etwa 70% der Fälle wurden ausgeprägte paroxysmale oder epileptische Veränderungen gefunden. Nur in 11 Fällen war der EEG‐Befund als normal zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Störungen der zerebralen Kontrolle einen wichtigen Faktor in der Pathogenese der Enuresis darstellen.
Erythraemic Myelosis (di Guglielmo) in an Infant
Authors: WEGELIUS RUTH , PELTONEN TUOMAS
Published: January 2008

An infant of 2 months exhibited aneanaemia, combined with a hyperplastic reaction of the erythropoietic organs. Nucleated red blood cells were found in the peripheral blood but no reticulocytosis. The spleen was enlarged. In spite of the hyperplasia of the erythropoietic organs no sign of increased erythropoiesis could ever be found. The nucleated red cells showed signs of disturbance in the normal course of maturation, mainly evidenced by a persistent basophilia of the cytoplasm and by severe malformations of the nucleus in a later stage of maturation. No antianaemic agents had any effect on the anaemia and the infant was kept alive by repeated, continuous blood transfusions. He was also given a course of ACTH with apparent good effect. Splenectomy was performed when the child was in good condition after a course of ACTH and continuous transfusion. After this the child was temporarily in comparatively good health but in no better condition than when receiving continuous blood transfusions. The illness lasted for one year and five months after the child was admitted to hospital the first time, and ended with his death.
Primary Vitamin D Refractory Rickets I. Report of Two Cases Treated with High Doses of Vitamin D
Authors: WINBERG J. , BERGSTRAND C. G. , ENGFELDT B. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

1. Two cases of rickets resistant to vitamin D are described.

2. The effect of massive doses of vitamin D on calcium and phosphate balance is studied.

3. This disease is a well defined clinical entity and the name “Primary Vitamin D Kefractory Rickets” is suggested. The nature of the disease is unknown, but it seems likely that the pathogenetic mechanism is different from that in genuine rickets.
Prolonged Jaundice in the Newborn Associated with Congenital Myxedema. A Syndrome of Practical Importance
Authors: ÅKERRÉN Y.
Published: January 2008

The author accounts for 10 cases of congenital myxedema with simultaneous icterus neonatorum prolongatus. From his series of cases and a critical analysis of the diagnostic criteria of icterus neonatorum prolongatus, the author draws the following conclusions:

(1) The simultaneous occurrence of two comparatively rare conditions, such as congenital myxedema and icterus neonatorum prolongatus of prolonged duration, makes it highly probable that this is no chance coincidence.

The further nature of the relationship between these two disorders is discussed. The general inhibition of the maturing of the functions of the organs and the reduction of the rate of the metabolic processes which distinguish the newly born with deficient thyroid function, may explain why icterus neonatorum of unusually long duration can then occur. The possibility of an infectious origin, where both the thyroid gland and the liver are injured simultaneously, is also discussed. That this may occur, is shown by a case published by FRANCE, in which a virus infection simultaneously gave rise to lesions of the liver and of the thyroid gland with simultaneous jaundice and thyroid deficiency as sequelae. Such a pathogenesis was most probably not present in the cases described here.

(2) The syndrome of congenital myxedema and icterus neonatorum prolongatus of marked duration is of practical significance in drawing attention to the possibility of a thyroid deficiency and thereby facilitating an early diagnosis of congenital myxedema. Icterus neonatorum prolongatus is, however, probably no constant phenomenon in congenital myxedema.

(3) Icterus neonatorum prolongatus in the cases described here, appears to have been of the physiological type of jaundice However, the term physiological should not be employed unreservedly in icterus neonatorum prolongatus having a duration of 6 weeks or more.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Bilirubin in the Neonatal Period With Special Reference to the Development of Kernicterus Preliminary Report
Authors: STEMPFEL R. , ZETTERSTROM R.
Published: January 2008

A brief preliminary report of studies concerning the level of cerebrospinal fluid bilirubin in the jaundiced newborn is presented. Results of determinations in 6 of the cases studied are reported. In these cases bilirubin was present in the spinal fluid within the first four days of life and was noted to be predominantly indirect‐reacting in type, with the exception of one case in which high direct serum and spinal fluid values were present in association with questionable “inspissated bile syndrome”. Cerebrospinal fluid levels, in general, varied directly with the serum bilirubin, though with obvious individual variations.

Further and more extensive studies of this kind are in progress.
PROGRESS IN PEDIATRICS: Postmature Infants
Authors: SELANDER PER
Published: January 2008

Of 1,330 infants specially examined at the Obstetric Clinic in Malmo, 12.0 per cent exhibited dry, macerated, wrinkled skin, particularly on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, brown pigmentation of the nails and umbilical cord, pronounced erythema of the external genitals, and dehydration. Of the children who were born more than 4 days after the calculated date, 20.3 per cent displayed the syndrome, while of those who were born earlier than 4 days before the calculated date, 3.2 per cent showed these symptoms. Of the 160 infants with the syndrome, 58.8 per cent were postmature by more than 4 days. Of those with pronounced symptoms, 73.0 per cent were postmature by more than 4 days. The prognosis for these children after the perinatal period was good.
On Creatinuria in Precocious Puberty
Authors: PERSSON I.
Published: January 2008

An investigation of the creatine and creatinine metabolism in precocious puberty seems to indicate that the conditions found correspond to those at normal puberty. Variations in creatine excretion are found, not only from one individual to another, but from day to day in an individual child. These variations perhaps can be attributed to the fluctuation in production of sexual hormones in precocious puberty.

La créatinurie dans la puberté précoce

L'étude du métabolisme de la créatine et de la créatinine dans la puberté précoce semble donner des résultats correspondant à ceux trouvés dans la puberté normale. L'auteur a trouvé que l'excrétion de créatine varie non seulement d'un individu à l'autre, mais aussi d'un jour à l'autre chez chaque enfant. On peut peut‐être attribuer ces variations à des fluctuations dans la production d'hormones sexuelles dans la puberté précoce.

Kreatinurie bei Pubertas praecox

Eine Untersuchung über den Kreatin‐ und Kreatininstoffwechsel bei Pubertas praecox scheint darauf hinzudeuten, dass die Befunde denjenigen bei dor normalen Pubertät entsprechen. Schwankungen in der Kreatinausscheidung wurden nicht nur von einem Individuum zum andern gefunden, sondern auch, bei ein und demselben Kinde, von Tag zu Tag. Diese Schwankungen können indessen erklärt werden durch die Schwankungen in der Produktion von Sexualhormonen bei der Pubertas praecox.

La creatinuria en la pubertad precoz

Una investigación sobre el metabolismo de la creatina y creatinina en la pubertad precoz parece indicar que las situaciones encontradas corresponden a aquellas de la pubertad normal. Fueron encontradas variaciones en la excreción de creatina no solo de un individuo a otro, sino también de un dia a otro en un mismo individuo. Estas variaciones pueden, quizás, ser atribuidas a la fluctuación en la producción de hormonas sexuales en la pubertad precoz.
Hemihypertrophy and Wilms's Tumour
Authors: BJÖRKLUND STIG‐IVAR
Published: January 2008

Two cases of hemihypertrophy are described, in which Wilms's tumour was afterwards diagnosed. It is suggested that all children with hemihypertrophy should be examined urographically at least once every six months in order to detect the presence of any such a tumour in as early a stage as possible.

Hémihypertrophie et Tumeur de Wilms.

Description de deux cas d'hémihypertrophie chez lesquels une tumeur de Wilms fut découverte ultérieurement. Il est suggéré de pratiquer une urographie, au moins tous les 6 mois, ches les enfants atteints d'hémihypertrophie afin de détecter aussitot que possible l'existence d'une tumeur rénale éventuelle.

Hemihypertrophie und Wilms' Tumor.

Zwei Fälle von Hemihypertrophie sind beschrieben, bei denen Wilms' Tumor später diagnostiziert wurde. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass alle Kinder mit Hemihypertrophie durch eine Urographie untersucht werden sollten, wenigstens einmal halbjährlich, um das Vorhandensein eines solchen Tumors in einem möglichst frühen Stadium aufzuklären.

Hemihipertrofia y tumor de Wilms.

Se describen dos casos de hemihipertrofia, en los cuales posteriormente se diagnosticó tumor de Wilms. Se sugiere que todos los niños con hemihipertrofia debieran ser examinados desde el punto de vista urológico, al menos una vez cada seis meses con el fin de detectar con la mayor precocidad posible dicho tumor.
A Comparison of the Endogenous Creatinine and Inulin Clearances in Children
Authors: IKKOS DANAE , STRÖM LARS
Published: January 2008

In 39 children the clearance of “true” endogenous creatinine, as measured by the aid of Lloyd's reagent, has been compared to the simultaneously measured clearance of inulin. The CCR: CiIN ratio was found to be 1.20 ± 0.22 and the accuracy of the prediction of CIN from CCR± 19.9 ml or ± 27.5 per cent of the mean value for CIN. No significant differences in the CCR: CIN ratio were found between normals or children made acidotic by ammonium chloride or ketogenic diet. A significant increase in the CCR: CIN ratio was found in children with clinical findings of kidney disease but normal CIN and CPAH values.

Comparaison entre la clearance à la créatinine endogène et celle à l'inuline.

Chez 39 enfants, ont été comparés les résultats de mesures simultanées de clearance à l'inuline, et de clearance à la « véritable » creatinine endogène (mesurée à l'aide du réactif de Lloyd). Le rapport CCR/CINété de 1,20 ± 0,22, et la précision de la détermination de CIN d'aprés CCR de ± 19,9 ml, c'est‐à‐dire ± 27,5 % des valeurs moyennes de CIN. On n'a trouvé aucune différence notable dans le rapport CCR/CIN en comparant des individus normaux, et des enfants rendus acidosiques par l'administration de Chlorure d'ammonium ou d'un régime cétogène. Une augmentation significative du rapport Ccr/CINété mise en évidence chez des enfants présentant des signes cliniques de néphropathie, mais dont le chiffre de CIN et de CPAHétaient normaux.

Ein Vergleich der endogenen Creatinin‐ und Inulin‐Clearence.

Bei 39 Kindern wurde die mit Hilfe des Lloyd‐Reagens gemessene Clearance des êhten endogenen Creatinins mit der gleichzeitig gemessenen Inulin‐Clearance verglichen. Es ergab sich ein CCR/CIN‐Verhältnis von 1,20 ± 0,22 und eine Genauigkeit der Vorausbestimmung von CIN aus CCR von ± 19,9 ml oder ± 27,5 % der Mittelwerte für CIN. Zwischen normalen und mit Ammoniumchlorid oder ketogener Diät acidotisch gemachten Kindern wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der CCR/CIN‐Relation gefunden. Ein signifikanter Anstieg in der CCR/CIN‐Relation wurde bei Kindern mit klinischen Zeichen einer Nierenerkrankung bei normalen CIN und CPAH Werten festgestellt.

Comparación de la creatinina endógena con el clearance de inulina.

Por medio del reactivo de Lloyd, se midió, en 39 niños, el clearance de creatinina endógena “verdadera” comparándolo simultáneamente con el clearance de inulina. La relación CCR/CIN fué 1,20 ± 0,22. Si se détermina CIN del valor de CCR, la precision del cálculo sera ± 19,9 o ± 27,5 % valor medio de CIN. No se encontre diferencia significativa de la relación CCR/CIN comparando ninos normales con ninos en acidosis provocada por cloruru de amonio o dieta cetogénica. Un significativo aumento de la ralación CCR/CIN se encontre en pacientes con signos clinicos de enfermedad renal aunque las cifras de CIN y CPAH fueron normales.
Coeliac Disease. V Some Experiments on the Cause of the Harmful Effect of Wheat Gliadin (Preliminary communication)
Authors: KAMER J. H. VAN DE , WEIJERS H. A.
Published: January 2008

The harmful effect of gliadin (containing 43 % glutamine) in coeliac patients can be abolished by a mild treatment of this substance with HCl. Since glutamine as such has no harmful influence, it is accepted as a working hypothesis that glutamine in bound form is the cause of the deleterious effect of wheat.

It appeared that foodstuffs having a high ratio amid‐nitrogen/non‐amid‐nitrogen are deleterious, whereas foodstuffs having a low ratio are harmless. In a number of foodstuffs this ratio has been determined.

Malade cœliaque: V. Quelques expériences sur la cause de l'effet nocif de la gliadine du froment.

On peut abolir chez des patients atteints de maladie cœliaque l'effet nocif de la gliadine (qui contient 43 % de glutamine) en laissant agir l'acide chlorhydrique légèrement sur cette substance. La glutamine comme telle n'ayant pas d'influence nocive, on a admis comme hypothèse valable que la glutamine dans sa forme liée est la cause de l'effet nuisible du froment. Il a semblé que des aliments contenant un rapport élevé: azote‐sous‐forme‐d'amide/azote‐sous‐forme‐non‐amido sont nuisibles, tandis que des aliments ayant un rapport abaissé sont inoffensifs. Ce rapport a été déterminé pour un certain nombre d'aliments.

Coeliakie. V. Einige Untersuchungen über den schädlichen Einfluss vore Weizengliadin.

Der nachteilige Effekt von Gliadin (das 43 % Glutamin enthält) bei Coeliakie‐Patienten kann durch eine milde Behandlung dieser Substanz mit HCl aufgehoben werden. Da Glutamin als solches keinen nachteiligen Einfluss ausiibt, wird als Arbeits‐hypothese angenommen, dass Glutamin in gebundener Form die Ursache der schadlichen Wirkung des Weizens ist. Es scheint, dass Nahrungsmittel, die einen hohen Quotienten von amidhaltigem/amidfreiem Nitrogen haben, schädlich sind, während Nahrungsstoffe mit einem niedrigen Quotienten harmlos sind. In einer Anzahl von Nahrungsmitteln ist dieser Quotient bestimmt worden.

Enfermedad celiaca. V. Experimentos para determinar los efectos daninos de la gliadina del trigo.

El efecto perjudicial de la gliadina (que contiene 43 % de glutamina) en enfermos celiacos puede ser eliminado tratando esta substancia con HCl. Como la glutamina como tal no tiene efectos dañinos se acepta como hipótesis de trabajo que la forma ligada es la causa de dicho efecto en el trigo. Parece que alimentos conteniendo una elevada relación nitrógeno amidado/nitrogeno no amidado son tolerados mientras que los que tienen una baja relación son perjudiciales. Se determinó esta relación en algunos alimentos.
Coeliac Disease. VI: A Rapid Method to Test Wheat Sensitivity
Authors: WEIJERS H. A. , KAMER J. H. VAN DE
Published: January 2008

To teat wheat sensitivity in coeliac patients, gliadin is given orally and the blood glutamine is determined. An increase of more than 50 per cent above the fasting level is indicative of sensitivity to wheat.

Maladie cœliaque: VI. Une méthode rapide pour rechercher la sensibilité au froment.

Pour déterminer la sensibilité au froment chez des patients atteints de maladie cœliaque, on donne de la gliadine par voie orale et on dose la glutamine dans le sang. Une augmentation de plus de 50 % au‐dessus du taux à jeun indique une sensibilité au froment.

Coeliakie. VI. Eine Schnellmethode zur Feststellung von Weizenüberempfindlichkeit.

Um Weizenüberempfindlichkeit bei Coeliakie‐Patienten zu testen, ist Gliadin per os gegeben und der Gehalt an Blut‐Glutamin bestimmt worden. Ein Anstieg auf mehr als 50 %über den Nüchternwert zeigt eine überempfindlichkeit gegen Weizen an.

Enfermedad celíaca. VI. Método rápido para medir la sensibilidad al trigo.

Para medir la sensibilidad al trigo en pacientes celíacos se administró gliadina por via oral y se midió el nivel sanguíneo de glutamina. Un aumento sobre el 50 % del nivel de ayuno es indicativo de sensibilidad al trigo.
Ist die diätetische Behandlung der Säuglings‐Enteritis entbehrlich geworden?
Authors: Kinderklinik
Published: January 2008

Die rasche Realimentation nach schweren Enteritiden verstösst gegen den allgemeinen, medizinischen Grundsatz, dass ein geschädigtes Organ geschont werden muss. Es wird auf die nachgewiesenen anatomischen und funktionellen Schäden hingewiesen. Die rasche Realimentation führt zu voluminösen Stühlen, was man als eine kaschierte Diarrhöe mit weiter gefährdetem Wasser‐ und Mineralhaushalt bezeichnen kann. Das Verfahren wird abgelehnt. Marasmus und Hypoproteinämie entwickeln sich nicht bei korrektem Gebrauch der klassischen Methode.

Is the dietetic treatment of infantile diarrhea no longer necessary?

Early oral feeding with high caloric intake after severe infantile diarrhea is no safe treatment. Anatomical and functional lesions of the intestinal canal have been found in cases of severe diarrhea. Early oral feeding may result in bulky stools, deteriorating water and mineral balances. This method is to be rejected. Emaciation and hypoproteinemia do not result from the usual treatment if mistakes and exaggerations are avoided.

Le traitement diététique de la diarrhée du nourrisson est‐il devenu superflu?

La réalimentation rapide à la suite de graves entérites est en opposition avec le principe généralement admis en médecine, selon lequel tout organe lésé doit être ménagé. Les altérations anatomiques et fonctionelles au niveau du tractus digestif dans le cas de diarrhée grave sont bien connues. La réalimentation rapide provoque des selles volumineuses, qui en masquant une diarrhée augmentent les troubles du métabolisme de l'eau et des substances minérales. Ce procédé doit être abandonné. Il ne résulte de la méthode habituelle appliquée selon les règles de l'art ni hypoprotéinémie ni marasme.

¿Se ha hecho innecesario el tratamiento dietético de las diarreas del lactante?

La realimentaeión rápida después de graves enteritis se opone al principio de dejar en reposo un órgano lesionado. Son bien conocidas las alteraciones anatómicas y funcionales a nivel del tracto digestivo como consecuencia de diarreas graves. La realimentación rápida provoca deposiciones voluminosas que, enmasearando una diarrea, aumentan los trastornos del metabolismo acuoso y mineral. Dicho procedimiento debe ser abandonado. El método habitual, aplicado según las reglas del arte, no produce ni hipoproteinemia ni marasmo.
Renal Thrombosis in the Newborn Report of a “Primary” Case Successfully Treated by Surgery
Authors: TVETERÅS E. , RUDSTRÖM P.
Published: January 2008

A brief review of the literature on renal thrombosis in the newborn, from which it is found that only 10 cases successfully treated by surgery have previously been published, is followed by a case report. The cause of the thrombosis could not be demonstrated. The clinical signs were not very marked, so that the case might well have escaped recognition.

Nouveau‐né de sexe féminin, accouché par césarienne. Mère diabétique. Néphrectomie réalisée trois semaines après la naissance. La cause de la thrombose n'a pu être mise en évidence. Les signes cliniques étaient tout‐à‐fait mineurs, ce qui explique que la cause ait pu passer inaperçue. Sortie en état de guérison. 10 cas seulement traités avec succés par néphrectomie, ont été rapportés auparavant.
Acute Osteomyelitis in Infancy
Authors: WOLMAN B.
Published: January 2008

Nine cases of acute osteomyelitis in infancy are described. In all but one of the infants the disease was preceded by a minor infection without any marked systemic disturbance. In each case the infant seemed to be in good general condition in spite of the disease which was shown by local swelling and/or loss of function.

Staphylocoeeus aureus (coagulase positive) was the organism obtained on blood culture in six of the nine cases and this organism was also grown from pus obtained at the site of the original infection in two of the other three cases.

Prolonged treatment with appropriate antibiotics was invariably successful.

It is concluded that acute osteomyelitis is still a common disease in infancy which should be treated as an urgent medical emergency. Surgical treatment is now hardly ever needed.

Neuf cas d'ostéomyélite aigëe de nourrissons sont décrits. Dans tous les cas, excepté un, la maladie était précédée par une infection ineignificante sans disturbation systé mique marquée. Tous les nourrissons étaient en bonne condition générale malgré la maladie qui se manifestait par un gonflement local et/ou une perte de fonction. Dans 6 de ces 9 cas l'hémoculture démontrait des staphylocoques doré (positifs à la coagulase). Le même organisme était cultivé du pus obtenu à la place de l'infection primaire dans deux des trois cas restants. Un traitement prolongé avec des antibiotiques appropriés était toujours eouronné de succès. En conelusion, l'ostéomyélite aigëe est encore une affection comrnune dans l'âge de nourrisson qui doit être traitée comme un cas d'urgence médicale. Aujourd'hui un traitement chirurgical n'est guère nécessaire.
Hiatus Hernia in Children
Authors: ENGBERG H. , THOMSEN G. , VESTERDAL J.
Published: January 2008

Sixty‐three oases of hiatus hernia in children are presented. The diagnosis is discussed with special reference to radiological examination. 34 children were submitted to 45 operations. 29 children were treated medically. The results of the treatment given are analysed.

Hernie de l'hiatus de Winslow chez des enfants.

Description de 63 cas de hernie de l'hiatus de Winslow chez des enfants. Discussion du diagnostic avec référence spéciale à l'interprétation des données radiologiques. 34 enfants ont été soumis à 45 opérations. Les 29 autres ont fait l'objet d'un traitement médical. Les auteurs donnent une analyse des résultats des traitements appliqueés.

Hiatushernie bei Kindern.

63 Fälle von Hiatushernie bei Kindern werden angeführt. Die Diagnose wird mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der röntgenologischen Untersuchung erörtert. 45 Operationen wurden an 34 Kindern durchgeführt. 29 Kranke wurden konservativ behandelt. Die Ergebnisse der Behandlung werden analysiert.

Hernia hiatal infantil.

Preséntanse los casos de 63 niños afectos de hernia hiatal. Discútese el diagnóstico especialmente con referenoia al examen radiológico. 34 niños fueron sometidos a 45 operaciones. 29 niños fueron sujetos a tratamiento médico. Analízanse los resultados producidos por el tratamiento.
The Blood Sugar in Cyclic Vomiting
Authors: SALOMONSEN L. , HARNESS KR.
Published: January 2008

It is pointed out that not rarely one finds increased blood sugar values in the first phase of an attack of cyclic vomiting. Reference is made to two patients who had blood sugar values of 327–400 mg% and 276 mg% respectively, on the second day of their illness.

The belief that an attack of cyclic vomiting is accompanied by hypoglycaemia should be revised. It can be misleading, especially in the differential diagnosis against a diabetic coma.

La glycemie dans le vomissement cyclique.

L'auteur attire l'ttention sur le fait qu'il n'est pas rare que Ton observe de l'hyper‐glycémie au cours de la première phase d'une crise de vomissements cycliques. II cite les cas de deux malades chez lesquels le taux de la glycémie s'élevait respectivement à 327–400 mg% et a 276 mg% le deuxième jour de la maladie. L'opinion suivant laquelle les vomissements cycliques s'accompagnent d'hypoglycémie doit être revue. Cette théorie peut conduire à des interprétations erronées, notamment lors du diagnostic différentiel vis‐à‐vis d'un coma diabétique.

Der Blutzucker bei zyklischem‐ Erbrechen.

Es wird auf die Tatsache hingewiesen, dass vergrösserte Blutzuckerwerte gar nicht so selten wahrend der ersten Phase von zyklischem Erbrechen angetroffen werden. Zwei Fälle werden angeführt, die Blutzuckerwerte von 327–400 mg% und beziehungs‐weise 276 mg% am zweiten Krankheitstage aufwiesen. Die Meinung, dass ein Anfall von zyklischem Erbrechen von Hypoglykämie begleitet sei, ist revisionsbedürftig. Sie kann, besonders bei der Differenzialdiagnose mit diabetischem Koma, irreführend sein.

La glucemia en los vömitos cíclicos.

Señálase que no es infrecuente encontrar valores aumentados de azúcar en la sangre, en la primera fase de un ataque de vómito cíclico. Refiérese a dos pacientes acusahdo valores de azúcar en la sangre, de 327–400 mg% y 276 mg% respectivamente, el segundo día de la enfermedad. Precisaría revisarse el criterio de que el ataque de vómito cíolico está acompañado con hipoglicemia. Puede desorientar, espeeialmente en el diagnóstico diferencial del coma diabético.
The Use of Hibernation in the Bronchoscopic Examination of Infants and Children
Authors: LÁBAS Z. , SIMKÓ S.
Published: January 2008

A detailed account is given of the experience from the use of hibernation in the bronchoscopic examination of infants and children, aged from 0 to 6 years. After analysing the favourable features of the pharmacological effect of hibernation in some detail, the potential complications are dealt with. An appraisal of advantages as opposed to disadvantages induces the authors to claim that in children under the age of 6 years–when they, too, used to employ no anaesthesia–it is advantageous to perform bronchoscopic procedures under hibernation.

Application de I hibernation artijicielle dans les examens bronchoscopiques chez les nour‐risons et les enfants.

Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de leurs observations concernant Femploi de ľhibernation artificielle dans des examens bronchoscopiques effectués chez des nour‐rissons et des enfants âgés de O à 6 ans. Après avoir analysé quelque peu en détail les aspects favorables des effets pharmacologiques de ľhibernation, ils examinent les complications qui peuvent survenir. La mise en balance des avantages et des incon‐vénients de cette méthode amène les auteurs à conclure que ľapplication de ľhibernation leur paraît avantageuse pour les examens bronchoscopiques à pratiquer chez des sujets en dessous de 6 ans.

Die Anwendung der Hibernation bei der bronchoskopischen Untersuchung von Säug‐lingen und Kindern.

Ein Bericht über die Erfahrungen, die von der Anwendung der Hibernation für die bronchoskopische Untersuchung bei Säuglingen und Kindern im Alter von 0–6 Jahren gewonnen wurden, wird erstattet. Naeh einer ausführlichen Analyse der günsti‐gen Grundzüge im pharmakologischen Effekt der Hibernation werden die möglichen Komplikationen besprochen. Nach Abwägung der Vor‐ und Nachteile sind die Ver‐fasser geneigt zu behaupten, dass es vorteilhaft ist, bei Kindern unter 6 Jahren Bron‐choskopie im Zustand der Hibernation durchzuführen.

Uso de la hibernación en el examen broncoscópico de los lactantes y niñoa.

Se describe la experiencia obtenida con el uso de la hibernación en el examen broncoscópico de los lactantes y niños de 0 a 6 años de edad. Después de analizar con cierto detalle los aspectos propicios de los efectos farmacológicos de la hibernación, trátase de las complicaciones potenciales. Al estimar las ventajas e inconvenientes de la broncoscopia en condiciones de hibernación, los autores llegan a la conclusión de que es en efecto ventajosa en los pacientes de menos de 6 años de edad.
Absorption of Labelled Iron in Infants Less than Three Months Old
Authors: GARBY LARS , SJÖLIN STIG
Published: January 2008

Summary

The absorption of radioactively labelled iron added to milk given to children less than 3 months old was investigated. The percentage of absorption of the tracer was found to be considerably larger than that observed at a later age. A comparison with figures for net retention of iron from milk in children of similar age indicates that excretion of iron takes place in these infants, or that true absorption of iron is not measured by the tracer method. Some difficulties in the interpretation of the conventional tracer absorption test are indicated. The phenomenon of “mucosal block” for iron is present also in the present age group. It is pointed out that simple physico‐chemical phenomena might explain all data which have led to the concept of the “mucosal block” effect.
On the Use of Exchange Transfusion in Neonatal Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: KILLANDER ANDREAS
Published: January 2008

Summary

An exchange transfusion was performed in an infant with neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura. Both the infant and the mother presented some unusual features, which are briefly discussed. Although the disease is self‐limited, the high mortality during the first days after birth indicates the use of effective therapy as soon as possible. Compared to other methods of treatment, exchange transfusion seem to be the best in several respects. It is suggested that women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura should be delivered in hospitals with exchange transfusion units and laboratories for haemato‐logical serology.
Pneumoencephalography in Early Infancy –Risks, Clinical Indications and Technical Considerations
Authors: HAGBERG BENGT , HAMFELT ARNE , HOLMDAHL MARTIN H:SON , LODIN HERMAN
Published: January 2008

Summary

In a series of 123 encephalographic examinations performed on infants and children during the years 1951–56, serious reactions were found only in the youngest age group, four out of six being less than one year old. The probable causes of these reactions are discussed. From the experience gained in this series the clinical indications and a scheme of techniques for encephalographic examination in different cases and age groups are outlined.
Atypical Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infancy
Authors: GYLLENSWÄRD AKE
Published: January 2008

Summary

A brief account is given of atypical patent ductus arteriosus in infancy. It is presumed that there must be many cases that are never diagnosed or treated, and that are not recognized even post mortem.

Thorough cardiological investigation should be undertaken in all acyanotic infants where there is the least suspicion of atypical patent ductus arteriosus. With the aid of phonocardiography it can be demonstrated that a continuous murmur is commoner among infants with atypical patent ductus than was formerly believed. The operative risks are probably very much smaller than is generally supposed.
Limitation of Movement of the Hip Joints in New‐born Infants Following Breech Presentation
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS
Published: January 2008

Summary

A description is made of a common, characteristic defect of movement of the hip joints during the neonatal period and the next few weeks, following breech presentation.
Nasal Eosinophilia in So‐called Bacterial Hypersensitivity in Asthmatic Children Preliminary Report
Authors: AAS KJELL
Published: January 2008

A preliminary report is given of some studies concerning Imcterial vaccines in arthmatic children. A method is introduced in which nasal eosinophilia is studied in connection with local applications of bacterial vaccines and controls. A reproducable positive response is found in three patients of a selected group suffering from pmumed “bacterial allergy”. In two of these patients focal mthmatir reactions are observed following the injection of minute doses of the vaccine in question. The method is briefly discussed.
The Effect of Intramuscular Iron‐dextran Complex on Iron‐deficiency Anaemia in Otherwise Ill Infants and Pre‐school Children1
Authors: LANZKOWSKZY PHILIP
Published: January 2008

1. One hundred and twenty‐five ill infants and children who were found to have iron‐deficiency anaemia were treated with in tramuscular iron‐dextran complex with doses varying from 100 to 400 mg, con‐current with treatment for the presenting illness.

2. The mean haemoglobin levels before treatment ranged from 8.91 g%to 9.61 g%in the various age groups; at 3 weeks after the injection of iron the mean haemoglobin levels were found to range between 10.12 g%and 10.80 g%and at 6 weeks after injection the mean haemoglobin levels had risen further to range between 10.75 g%and 12.0 g%. There was thus an approximate general rise of 2 g %of haemoglobin in 6 weeks. Clinically the beneficial effects were quite striking, and occurred often within days.

3. The results of this investigation indicate that intramuscular iron‐dextran complex can significantly raise the haemoglobin level in infants and children who have iron‐deficiency anaemia with a variety of associated illnesses, of all degrees of severity, and of largely undetermined duration. In addition, iron‐dextran complex was found to be safe and easy to administer.

4. The factors influencing rate of recovery from iron‐deficiency anaemia after in tramuscular iron‐dextran complex, the theoretical dangers of iron overload and the possible production of sarcomata in iron‐injected tissue are discussed.