bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trust, power and supply chain integration in Web-enabled supply chains
Authors: Mora-Monge Carlo , Quesada Gioconda , Gonzalez Marvin E. , Davis Joshua M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effects of trading partner trust and trading partner power, on supply chain integration, and their impact on business performance in the context of Web-enabled supply chains. In doing so, the authors extend previous studies by exploring this phenomenon by using an integrative theory-driven approach.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a theoretical model grounded on the resource-based and dynamic capabilities views and the social capital theory. Data collected from 175 firms in the USA are used to test the hypotheses using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results highlight the importance of trust and supply chain integration on business performance, whereas power did not appear to have an effect on supply chain integration in Web-enabled supply chains. The findings are robust to concerns of endogeneity, common method bias and alternative model specification.

Practical implications

Companies engaged in Web-enabled supply chains need to focus on increasing their integration efforts, and these efforts must also be accompanied by partnerships built on trust. Trading partners who might be inclined to use coercive strategies to influence other members of the supply chain in Web-enabled environments may be better off using cooperative approaches based on trust to achieve their desired goals.

Originality/value

This study integrates the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities view and the social capital theory to explore the dynamic relationships between trading partner trust, trading partner power and supply chain integration in Web-enabled supply chains. In doing so, this paper extends prior studies by examining supply chain integration’s impact on business performance and its mediating role, as it relates to trading partner trust and power in Web-enabled supply chains.
The role of manufacturer in supply chain transformation from intransitive into transitive triads: implications for the network rent
Authors: Swierczek Artur
Published: May 2019

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the link between manufacturer relational embeddedness, manufacturer influence and supplier-customer relational embeddedness and their resulting impact on the network rent.

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging the theoretical lens of social exchange theory and the relational view and utilizing the survey data derived from the transitional triadic supply chains, the authors used multiple regression analysis and the partial least squares (PLS) path model. The regression analysis with interaction effects is used to indicate the network rent, while the PLS path model is applied to investigate the link between manufacturer relational embeddedness, manufacturer influence and supplier-customer relational embeddedness and their subsequent impact on the network rent.

Findings

The authors empirically establish that manufacturer relational embeddedness, as a higher-order factor, can comprise both upstream and downstream relational embeddedness. The research also demonstrates that manufacturer relational embeddedness significantly contributes to the manufacturer’s eagerness to form a direct link between the supplier and the customer, and the manufacturers report a significant ability to affect this relationship. Likewise, the study shows that supplier-customer relational embeddedness significantly and positively affects the network rent. In addition, the study implies that supplier-customer relational embeddedness is a mediator between manufacturer influence and the network rent, while manufacturer influence is a suppressor variable, which increases the negative relationship between manufacturer relational embeddedness and supplier-customer relational embeddedness.

Research limitations/implications

The research makes three key contributions. First, this study, as one of very few, simultaneously embraces context, intervention, mechanism and outcome, while investigating the role of manufacturer (its relational embeddedness and influence) in promoting supplier-customer relational embeddedness, and its resulting effect on the network rent. Further on, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirically based study that demonstrates to what extent the manufacturer is capable of fostering supplier-customer relational embeddedness, thus favoring the transposition from the intransitive into the transitive triadic supply chains. Finally, to date, the concept of network rent has been mostly conceptualized as the theoretical construct with no empirical evidence. This research offers guidance for manufacturers in managing the relationships between the supplier and the customer to yield the highest network rent.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel approach to investigating the role of manufacturer and relational embeddedness in yielding the network rent in the transitional triadic supply chains.
Elevated plasma Pim‐1 and its clinical significance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Zhu Tengteng , Luo Jun , Wang Yi , Xiong Xianliang , Sheng Bin , Yang Xiaojie , Ndongala Nsusu A. Mpembe Tresor , Li Jiang
Published: May 2019

This study was aimed to determine plasma Pim‐1 levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to estimate the clinical value of Pim‐1 as a biomarker of PAH. This was a single‐centre retrospective study in 111 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Those CHD patients were divided into two groups: PAH associated with CHD (PAH‐CHD) and CHD without PAH (nPAH‐CHD). Plasma Pim‐1 levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. (a) Plasma Pim‐1 levels were significantly increased in patients with PAH‐CHD and IPAH compared with the healthy control group (27.81 ± 11.34 ng/mL vs 13.02 ± 5.30 ng/mL; 32.81 ± 12.28 ng/mL vs 13.02 ± 5.30 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and nPAH‐CHD (27.81 ± 11.34 ng/mL vs 17.33 ± 7.99 ng/mL; 32.81 ± 12.28 ng/mL vs 17.33 ± 7.99 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Pim‐1 levels were substantially increased in patients with severe PAH‐CHD compared with mild‐to‐moderate PAH‐CHD (19.12 ± 6.70 ng/mL vs 8.54 ± 3.71 ng/mL, P < 0.05). (b) Pim‐1 levels were correlated positively with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r = 0.582, 0.516; P < 0.001, respectively), while negatively with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular plane systolic velocity (S’) and right ventricular fractional area changes (RVFAC) (r = −0.375, −0.354, −0.507; P < 0.05, respectively). (c) PAH‐CHD and severe PAH‐CHD was identified by plasma Pim‐1 with a cutoff value of 16.8 ng/mL (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 65%, and a cutoff value of 20.53 ng/mL (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 52%, respectively. Plasma Pim‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PAH‐CHD and IPAH. Plasma Pim‐1 may represent an effectively biomarker in patients with PAH.
The inequalities of the extinction of experience: The role of personal characteristics and species traits in the distribution of people–plant interactions in Japan
Authors: Soga Masashi , Tsuchiya Kazuaki , Evans Maldwyn J. , Ishibashi Soki
Published: May 2019

There is concern about the increasing loss of people's direct interactions with fauna and flora. This extinction of experience has many potential far‐reaching implications for both biodiversity and humans, including the decrease of public support for conservation issues and a reduction in the health benefits that humans experience when interacting with nature. However, knowledge of how experiences with biodiversity are distributed among different sectors of society and the key drivers of this distribution remains poor. Here, we report on the results of a nation‐wide online survey in Japan in which we explored the extent, distribution, and drivers of participant's direct experiences with wild flowering plants. Participants were asked to provide information on their sociodemographics, orientation toward nature, childhood residential environment, and whether they had experienced each of 21 wild flowering plant species. The reported number of wild flowering plant species that participants had experienced varied greatly. Older and female participants and those with childhoods in rural areas and with a greater orientation toward nature experienced a significantly higher number of interactions with flowering plant species. Plant species that prefer roadside environments (compared to grassland/farmland and forest‐dependent species) and are not on the Red List were likely to be experienced by participants. This novel study provides unique information about the interactions of people and the wildlife around them. Such information is crucial for the development of policies and strategies targeted to reduce the ongoing extinction of experience and its negative consequences.
Managerial Responses to Online Reviews: A Text Analytics Approach
Authors: Sheng Jie , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Wang Xiaojun , Khan Zaheer
Published: May 2019

This study tests the effects of online managerial responses and returning customers’ future satisfaction (measured as review ratings) by performing social media text analytics on a hotel sample. Essentially, this paper provides insight into meaningful differences in future ratings between responding and non‐responding hotels, as well as differences in response styles between ratings improvement and non‐improvement. The results indicate that: (1) subsequent ratings are higher if customers receive responses to their previous online reviews; (2) increase in ratings is more significant among low‐satisfaction customers, and a decrease in ratings is mitigated if responses are provided; (3) responding to loyal customers – those who have visited and rated the same hotel more than three times – has a limited impact on ratings; (4) responses are longer and sentiment is slightly lower in scenarios where subsequent ratings are improved, but there is no significant difference in the effect of response speed between the two groups; (5) changes in ratings also affect styles of responding to current reviews – if customer satisfaction has improved, response length tends to be shorter and sentiment level tends to be higher. The findings offer both theoretical and managerial implications by demonstrating the utility of social media text analytics.
Big Data and Predictive Analytics and Manufacturing Performance: Integrating Institutional Theory, Resource‐Based View and Big Data Culture
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Gunasekaran Angappa , Childe Stephen J. , Blome Constantin , Papadopoulos Thanos
Published: May 2019

The importance of big data and predictive analytics has been at the forefront of research for operations and manufacturing management. The literature has reported the influence of big data and predictive analytics for improved supply chain and operational performance, but there has been a paucity of literature regarding the role of external institutional pressures on the resources of the organization to build big data capability. To address this gap, this paper draws on the resource‐based view of the firm, institutional theory and organizational culture to develop and test a model that describes the importance of resources for building capabilities, skills and big data culture and subsequently improving cost and operational performance. We test our research hypotheses using 195 surveys, gathered using a pre‐tested questionnaire. Our contribution lies in providing insights regarding the role of external pressures on the selection of resources under the moderating effect of big data culture and their utilization for capability building, and how this capability affects cost and operational performance.
Big Data and Performance: What Can Management Research Tell us?
Authors: Sena Vania , Bhaumik Sumon , Sengupta Abhijit , Demirbag Mehmet
Published: May 2019

The special issue focuses on the theory and evidence linking the use of Big Data related technologies by businesses with their performance. Here we connect the papers accepted for the special issue to the overarching theme of Big Data as an emerging concept within the business management literature. We present two prominent case studies examining the use Big Data technologies on performance and strategy, followed by a discussion on how themes around Big Data and Performance may be examined from a theoretical perspective. Finally, based on a synthesis of papers in the current issue, we discuss the emerging issues and trends within the academic literature, relevant for future research.
The effects of global budget payments on hospital utilization in rural Maryland
Authors: Done Nicolae , Herring Bradley , Xu Tim
Published: May 2019

Objective

To assess the effect of Maryland's 2010 Total Patient Revenue (TPR) global budget reform in eight rural hospitals on population‐level hospital rates of utilization three years after implementation.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Data on all inpatient discharges and outpatient department visits from the Health Services Cost Review Commission, population data from Claritas Demographic Reports, and county‐level data from the Area Health Resource File.

Study Design

We use a difference‐in‐differences approach to compare changes in utilization rates over time in the reform areas comprising 125 Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) and in two control hospital areas (66 ZCTAs and 327 ZCTAs, respectively). We examine several inpatient and outpatient measures and distinguish between relatively discretionary and nondiscretionary utilization.

Data Collection

Admissions data are hospital‐reported discharge abstracts of all encounters in Maryland during 2008‐2013. Population data are derived from the US Census.

Principal Findings

We find no statistically significant changes in admissions, either overall or discretionary. We find a statistically significant 8.9 percent (95%CI = [1.8, 16.0]) reduction in outpatient visits, with a statistically significant reduction of 14.8 percent (95%CI = [5.3, 24.3]) visits not to the Emergency Department.

Conclusions

We find that the TPR reform decreased outpatient utilization but did not affect inpatient utilization.
Nutrition risk and mortality in older oncology patients: An exploratory study
Authors: Botero Liliana , Agarwal Ekta , Berry Robyn , Gillespie Kerri , Isenring Elisabeth , McCarthy Alexandra L.
Published: May 2019

Aim

The primary aim of this analysis was to identify if two standard measures incorporated into the comprehensive geriatric assessment; specifically, malnutrition risk and body mass index (BMI), could predict 12‐month mortality in older patients with solid tumours. The secondary aim was to evaluate if malnutrition risk and BMI were associated with chemotherapy outcomes (discontinuation/modification of treatment) in older patients with solid tumours.

Methods

Older patients (aged ≥70 years) with solid cancers were recruited from the outpatient oncology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Participants’ nutritional parameters, BMI, and malnutrition risk (determined using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)) were recorded at baseline. Mortality data and chemotherapy outcomes were recorded for 12 months.

Results

Seventy‐four participants (67% males, median age 77 (±4.4) years) were recruited. Nearly half the cohort was at‐risk of malnutrition at baseline (n = 39, 46%). Chemotherapy was prescribed to 39% (n = 29) of the cohort. For patients receiving chemotherapy neither being underweight nor having a low or medium risk of malnutrition was associated with adverse chemotherapy outcomes or 12‐month mortality. At a bivariate level, malnutrition risk was significantly associated with 12‐month mortality in patients who did not receive chemotherapy (P = 0.018), but not BMI.

Conclusions

This analysis indicates that malnutrition risk was a potential indicator of 12‐month mortality in cases where chemotherapy was considered unfeasible. However, this was not an independent risk factor. Further investigation using a larger sample is required to determine the association between malnutrition risk, quality of life and mortality in patients who are not considered to be fit for chemotherapy.
Reconstructing hyperdiverse food webs: Gut content metabarcoding as a tool to disentangle trophic interactions on coral reefs
Authors: Casey Jordan M. , Meyer Christopher P. , Morat Fabien , Brandl Simon J. , Planes Serge , Parravicini Valeriano
Published: May 2019

Anthropogenic stressors have strong impacts on ecosystems. To understand their influence, detailed knowledge about trophic relationships among species is critical. However, this requires both exceptional resolution in dietary assessments and sampling breadth within communities, especially for highly diverse, tropical ecosystems.

We used gut content metabarcoding across a broad range of coral reef fishes (8 families, 22 species) in Mo'orea, French Polynesia, to test whether this technique has the potential to capture the structure of a hyperdiverse marine food web. Moreover, we explored whether taxonomic groups (families) and traditional, broad‐scale trophic assignments explained fish diet across four different metrics of quantifying predator–prey interactions.

Metabarcoding yielded a large number (4,341) of unique operational taxonomic units (i.e. prey) with high‐resolution taxonomic assignments (i.e. often to the level of genus or species). We demonstrate that across multiple metrics, taxonomic group at the family level is a consistently better, albeit still weak, predictor of empirical trophic relationships than frequently used, broad‐scale functional assignments. Our method also reveals a complex trophic network with fine‐scale partitioning among species, further emphasizing the importance of examining fish diets beyond broad trophic categories.

We demonstrate the capacity of metabarcoding to reconstruct diverse and complex food webs with exceptional resolution, a significant advancement from traditional food web reconstruction. Furthermore, this method allows us to pinpoint the trophic niche of species with niche‐based modelling, even across hyperdiverse species assemblages such as coral reefs. In conjunction with complementary techniques such as stable isotope analysis, applying metabarcoding to whole communities will provide unparalleled information about energy and nutrient fluxes and inform their susceptibility to disturbances even in the world's most diverse ecosystems.
Electrical impedance tomography monitoring during spontaneous breathing trial: Physiological description and potential clinical utility
Authors: Lima Júlia N. G. , Fontes Melissa S. , Szmuszkowicz Tatiana , Isola Alexandre M. , Maciel Alexandre T.
Published: May 2019

Background

Readiness for mechanical ventilation (MecV) weaning and extubation is usually assessed clinically with the use of a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), but its accuracy is limited, and the pathophysiology of weaning failure not completely elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to describe the physiological behavior of electrical impedance tomography parameters during SBT and to propose additional variables that could be helpful in defining weaning/extubation outcome.

Methods

From December 2015 to January 2017, all subjects who remained under MecV with an orotracheal tube for more than 24 hours and who were submitted to SBT both in pressure‐support ventilation (PSV) or T‐tube were included in the study. Both clinical and impedance parameters were collected immediately before as well as during SBT.

Results

Forty‐two subjects were included in the final analysis. For subjects submitted to SBT in PSV, none of the impedance parameters added significant information regarding weaning outcomes. For subjects submitted to a T‐tube SBT, a significant and progressive decrease in end‐expiratory lung impedance (dEELI) was observed, which was more prominent in subjects who clinically failed the SBT. These subjects had a significant rapid shallow breathing index at the end of SBT.

Conclusions

dEELI was a potentially useful parameter in the evaluation of MecV weaning outcome when abrupt lung depressurization was induced during SBT in our study. The degree of dEELI decrease was probably related to the magnitude of lung derecruitment, which seems to play a key role in the MecV weaning outcome.
Long‐Term Retention in an Outpatient Behavioral Health Clinic With Buprenorphine
Authors: Montalvo Cristina , Stankiewicz Brad , Brochier Annelise , Henderson David C. , Borba Christina P.C.
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives

Despite high comorbidity between substance use disorders and other mental health diagnoses, there is a paucity of literature on buprenorphine treatment outcomes in outpatient mental health settings. This study aimed to identify rates and predictors of outpatient buprenorphine treatment retention in a Behavioral Health Clinic (BHC).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study of adults on buprenorphine used multiple logistic regression to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with 1‐ and 2‐year treatment retention and buprenorphine adherence.

Results

Of 321 subjects, 169 (52.6%) were retained in treatment for at least 1 year; 114 (35.5%) were retained for 2 years or more. Buprenorphine adherence was 95.8% and 97.3% for 1‐ and 2‐year retention groups, respectively. Predictors of 1‐year retention included benzodiazepine co‐prescription (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.4; 95% CI [1.30, 4.55]), having a diagnosis of other mood disorder (AOR = 3.4; [1.95, 5.98]), or nicotine use disorder (AOR = 2.4; [1.35, 4.27]). Predictors of 2‐year retention included female gender (AOR = 2.1; [1.16, 3.73]), having a diagnosis of depressive disorder (AOR = 4.6; [1.49, 14.29]), other mood disorder (AOR = 3.6; [1.88, 6.88]), or nicotine use disorder (AOR = 2.0; [1.13, 3.52]).

Discussion and Conclusion

During the study period, 52.7% and 35.5% of BHC patients treated with buprenorphine were retained for 1 and 2 years, respectively, comparable to the studies performed within primary care. Providing buprenorphine treatment within mental health clinics may serve patients who are already engaged with mental health providers but are reluctant to start new treatment within another treatment setting.

Scientific Significance

Identifying common predictors of retention can help determine which patients require additional substance use treatment support. (Am J Addict 2019;28:339–346)
Mapping sources of noise in an intensive care unit
Authors: Darbyshire J. L. , Müller‐Trapet M. , Cheer J. , Fazi F. M. , Young J. D.
Published: May 2019

Excessive noise in hospitals adversely affects patients’ sleep and recovery, causes stress and fatigue in staff and hampers communication. The World Health Organization suggests sound levels should be limited to 35 decibels. This is probably unachievable in intensive care units, but some reduction from current levels should be possible. A preliminary step would be to identify principal sources of noise. As part of a larger project investigating techniques to reduce environmental noise, we installed a microphone array system in one with four beds in an adult general intensive care unit. This continuously measured locations and sound pressure levels of noise sources. This report summarises results recorded over one year. Data were collected between 7 April 2017 and 16 April 2018 inclusive. Data for a whole day were available for 248 days. The sound location system revealed that the majority of loud sounds originated from extremely limited areas, very close to patients’ ears. This proximity maximises the adverse effects of high environmental noise levels for patients. Some of this was likely to be appropriate communication between the patient, their caring staff and visitors. However, a significant proportion of loud sounds may originate from equipment alarms which are sited at the bedside. A redesign of the intensive care unit environment to move alarm sounds away from the bed‐side might significantly reduce the environmental noise burden to patients.
Long‐term support by left ventricular assist device for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Minegishi Sachito , Kinoshita Osamu , Hoshino Yasuhiro , Komae Hyoe , Kimura Mitsutoshi , Shimada Shogo , Yamauchi Haruo , Nawata Kan , Ono Minoru
Published: May 2019

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a heart muscle disorder characterized by right ventricular enlargement, right heart failure (HF), and ventricular arrhythmias which lead to sudden death especially in young adults. Current recommendations for management of patients with ARVC are antiarrhythmic medications, catheter ablation, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy to prevent sudden cardiac death. However, despite these treatments, few patients suffer from recurrent ventricular arrhythmias or HF unresponsive to conventional management. Heart transplantation (HTx) is a preferred treatment for these cases, but because of a persistent donor heart shortage in Japan, ventricular assist device (VAD) support has become an important option for a management of the end‐stage ARVC. Previous articles reported 4 cases of a successful management by left ventricular assist device (LVAD), but the longest interval of LVAD support was only 333 days. We present 3 cases of ARVC patients who were successfully managed by LVAD implantation for more than a year. These 3 cases are unconventional examples of ARVC patients, considering the nature of the disease. The novelty of these cases should be taken in the context of the extremely long waiting period for HTx in Japan.
Sustaining affective resonance: Co‐constructing care in a school‐based digital design studio
Authors: Phillips Nathan C. , Killian Lund Virginia
Published: May 2019

Based on two years of ethnographic engagement in a school‐based digital design studio in a high school on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois, this paper conceptualizes the development and maintenance of an ethos of care in teaching and learning through sustaining affective resonance. Adopting musical metaphors as a vocabulary for affective movements, we operationalize practical and practiced methods for sustaining (actively extending) affective (care‐giving and care‐taking intensities) resonance (shared meaning making and cultural production). Sharing examples across years, we show the specific ways that mentors and students in the digital design studio built and nurtured care‐full practices. The purpose of the paper is to explicate the development and enactment of mentoring practices that we observed in the design studio and then to consider how these practices might be shared, spread, and adapted across contexts of teaching and learning.
Neural mechanisms of auditory species recognition in birds
Authors: Louder Matthew I. M. , Lawson Shelby , Lynch Kathleen S. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , Hauber Mark E.
Published: May 2019

Auditory communication in humans and other animals frequently takes place in noisy environments with many co‐occurring signallers. Receivers are thus challenged to rapidly recognize salient auditory signals and filter out irrelevant sounds. Most bird species produce a variety of complex vocalizations that function to communicate with other members of their own species and behavioural evidence broadly supports preferences for conspecific over heterospecific sounds (auditory species recognition). However, it remains unclear whether such auditory signals are categorically recognized by the sensory and central nervous system. Here, we review 53 published studies that compare avian neural responses between conspecific versus heterospecific vocalizations. Irrespective of the techniques used to characterize neural activity, distinct nuclei of the auditory forebrain are consistently shown to be repeatedly conspecific selective across taxa, even in response to unfamiliar individuals with distinct acoustic properties. Yet, species‐specific neural discrimination is not a stereotyped auditory response, but is modulated according to its salience depending, for example, on ontogenetic exposure to conspecific versus heterospecific stimuli. Neuromodulators, in particular norepinephrine, may mediate species recognition by regulating the accuracy of neuronal coding for salient conspecific stimuli. Our review lends strong support for neural structures that categorically recognize conspecific signals despite the highly variable physical properties of the stimulus. The available data are in support of a ‘perceptual filter’‐based mechanism to determine the saliency of the signal, in that species identity and social experience combine to influence the neural processing of species‐specific auditory stimuli. Finally, we present hypotheses and their testable predictions, to propose next steps in species‐recognition research into the emerging model of the neural conceptual construct in avian auditory recognition.
Managing subsistence hunting in the changing landscape of Neotropical rain forests
Authors: Suarez Esteban , Zapata‐Ríos Galo
Published: May 2019

Subsistence hunting has been a vital activity for local people across Neotropical rain forests (NRF). While providing a reliable source of protein, subsistence hunting also reflected the strong relationships that connected local people with the species and ecosystems in which they inhabited. However, the social and ecological context in which subsistence hunting can be sustainable has been altered. The relatively small groups that hunted in large and mostly undisturbed forests, using traditional weapons, have been replaced by a growing population using fragmented habitats and modern hunting methods. Thus, subsistence hunting is less likely to be sustainable, threatening the food security of local people and the persistence of species with critical roles in the functioning of NRF. Managing subsistence hunting in this changing context will require a more efficient combination of tools which might include banning the hunting of large and sensitive species, strengthening protected areas, alternatives to reduce the role of wildlife protein on local people's subsistence and, in some cases, voluntary resettlements of local people, from areas that could still be used as refuge for endangered species.
European influence and economic development
Authors: Eicher Theo S. , Kuenzel David J.
Published: May 2019

The development accounting literature identifies political institutions as fundamental development determinants. Forms of government or executive constraints are thought to shape economic institutions (e.g., property rights) that provide necessary incentives for economic growth. One strand of the literature suggests thatEuropean influenceis a crucial economic development determinant, presumably through the adoption of European institutions. But how exactly did European influence in the distant past induce positive economic outcomes today? Previous approaches rely on “language,” “settler mortality,” “legal origins” or the “number of European settlers” as indirect proxies of European influence. We propose a direct and quantifiable mechanism: the adoption of European constitutional features. We construct a dataset of all constitutional dimensions from 1800–2008 for all countries and find that nations experience growth accelerations after adopting features of European constitutions. The growth effects are influenced (negatively) by periods of political turmoil, but they are independent of colonial backgrounds. These results showhowEuropean influence may have fostered growth, and they imply that countries were able to overcome adverse initial conditions over the last 200 years by adopting European constitutional features. Our constitutional dataset is sufficiently detailed to identify the specific dimensions of European constitutions that matter most for development: legislative rules and specific provisions that curtail executive powers.
MicroRNA‐143/Musashi‐2/KRAS cascade contributes positively to carcinogenesis in human bladder cancer
Authors: Tsujino Takuya , Sugito Nobuhiko , Taniguchi Kohei , Honda Ryo , Komura Kazumasa , Yoshikawa Yuki , Takai Tomoaki , Minami Koichiro , Kuranaga Yuki , Shinohara Haruka , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Heishima Kazuki , Inamoto Teruo , Azuma Haruhito , Akao Yukihiro
Published: May 2019

It has been well established that microRNA (miR)‐143 is downregulated in human bladder cancer (BC). Recent precision medicine has shown that mutations in BC are frequently observed in FGFR3, RAS and PIK3CA genes, all of which correlate with RAS signaling networks. We have previously shown that miR‐143 suppresses cell growth by inhibiting RAS signaling networks in several cancers including BC. In the present study, we showed that synthetic miR‐143 negatively regulated the RNA‐binding protein Musashi‐2 (MSI2) in BC cell lines. MSI2 is an RNA‐binding protein that regulates the stability of certain mRNAs and their translation by binding to the target sequences of the mRNAs. Of note, the present study clarified that MSI2 positively regulated KRAS expression through directly binding to the target sequence of KRAS mRNA and promoting its translation, thus contributing to the maintenance of KRAS expression. Thus, miR‐143 silenced KRAS and MSI2, which further downregulated KRAS expression through perturbation of the MSI2/KRAS cascade.
Lymphoid‐specific helicase promotes the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma by transcriptional regulation of centromere protein F expression
Authors: Yang Xuan , Miao Bi‐Si , Wei Chuan‐Yuan , Dong Rui‐Zhao , Gao Ping‐Ting , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Lu Jia‐Cheng , Gao Chao , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Sun Hui‐Chuan , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Ke Ai‐Wu , Shi Guo‐Ming , Cai Jia‐Bin
Published: May 2019

Lymphoid‐specific helicase (LSH) is overexpressed in tumor tissues and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. However, the role and molecular mechanism of LSH in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that LSH was overexpressed in tumor tissues of HCC, and overexpression of LSH was associated with poor prognosis from a public HCC database, and validated by clinical samples from our department. Ectopic LSH expression promoted the growth of HCC cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, LSH overexpression promoted tumor growth by activating transcription of centromere protein F (CENPF). Clinically, overexpression of LSH and/or CENPF correlated with shorter overall survival and higher cumulative recurrence rates of HCC. In conclusion, LSH promotes tumor growth of HCC through transcriptional regulation of CENPF expression. Therefore, LSH may be a novel predictor for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Low‐depth sequencing for copy number abnormalities in multiple myeloma supersedes fluorescent in situ hybridization in scope and resolution
Authors: Elnenaei Manal O. , Knopf Philipp , Cutler Samuel D. , Sinclair Keaton , Abou El Hassan Mohamed , Greer Wenda , Goudie Marissa , Wagner Julie , White Darrell , Couban Stephen , Forward Nicholas , Gaston Daniel , Campbell Clinton J.V.
Published: May 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy that relies on cytogenetic determination of copy number abnormalities (CNAs) for prognosis and management. Low‐depth whole genome sequencing (LD‐WGS) is a cost‐effective alternative to targeted genomics for CNA detection, but its value has yet to be explored in MM. DNA from CD138+ cells from MM patients were sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq at <1x depth (ultralow‐depth). Subsampling analysis and window size adjustment were performed for determining sensitivity limits and results compared to fluorescent in‐Situ hybridization (FISH). CNA calls made down to 5 million (M) reads were comparable to those at 20 M reads at a window size of 100 kb had a sensitivity and specificity of 93%, 92% and an area under the curve of 0.94. All CNAs detected by FISH on the MM samples were also detected by LD‐WGS; the latter detected a further 36 focal CNAs not detected by FISH. Cost per sample of LD‐WGS was significantly lower for our organization than FISH testing. LD‐WGS for MM is significantly more sensitive than targeted technologies such as FISH in CNA detection and resolution, provides a more cost‐effective option for clinical purposes and potential for exploring prognostically relevant and drug discovery targets.
On Fodor's First Law of the Nonexistence of Cognitive Science
Authors: Murphy Gregory L.
Published: May 2019

In his enormously influentialThe Modularity of Mind, Jerry Fodor (1983) proposed that the mind was divided into input modules and central processes. Much subsequent research focused on the modules and whether processes like speech perception or spatial vision are truly modular. Much less attention has been given to Fodor's writing on the central processes, what would today be called higher‐level cognition. In “Fodor's First Law of the Nonexistence of Cognitive Science,” he argued that central processes are “bad candidates for scientific study” and would resist attempts at empirical analysis. This essay evaluates his argument for this remarkable claim, concluding that although central processes may well be “messier” than input modules, this does not mean that they cannot be studied and understood. The article briefly reviews the scientific progress made in understanding central processes in the 35 years since the book was published, showing that Fodor's prediction is clearly falsified by massive advances in topics like decision making and analogy. The essay concludes that Fodor's Law was not based on a clear argument for why the complexities of central systems could not be studied but was likely based on intuitions and preferences that were common in psychology at the time.
A Multipart Project Planning and Tracking Exercise
Authors: Robbins Thomas R.
Published: May 2019

Project Management is an important skill for business students to develop. Although project‐oriented activity is very common, the success rate for projects is poor. Many projects fail due to poor planning. This article describes a multipart class exercise used to teach elements of a project management methodology to undergraduate and graduate business students. Over the course of the eight‐part exercise, student teams iteratively develop a project plan and Gantt chart, an initial and detailed project charter, a variance analysis model, and a status report. Students are taught an iterative top‐down planning process using a technique we term the ODW (Objectives–Deliverables–Workplan) model. Students are introduced to Microsoft Project and use the tool to develop a project plan that becomes part of a more detailed Project Charter. In the final stages of the exercise, students collect results, update their plan, and produce a project status report.
Extracellular fraction of adipose tissue as an innovative regenerative approach for vitiligo treatment
Authors: Bellei Barbara , Papaccio Federica , Filoni Angela , Caputo Silvia , Lopez Gianluca , Migliano Emilia , Picardo Mauro
Published: May 2019

Vitiligo is a common, disfiguring autoimmune disease that negatively affects patients’ self‐esteem and quality of life. Current treatments are moderately effective in reversing disease and promoting melanocyte regeneration. Thus, therapeutic advanced strategies are emerging from regenerative medicine. It has recently emerged that adipose tissue secretome may be used as a cell‐free therapy in skin regeneration since paracrine functions of adipose‐derived stem cells alone are responsible for most of the therapeutic effect of stem cells in several animal disease models. In this study, we tested the effect of adipose tissue extracellular fraction (AT‐Ex) isolated from lipoaspirates on dermal and epidermal vitiligo cells in vitro. Using this experimental model, we demonstrated that molecules secreted by adipose tissue ameliorate the capability to counteract oxidative stress by a physiological stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and positively impact on cell proliferation. Due to the presence of Wnt‐secreted factors, AT‐Ex treatment promotes glycogen synthase kinase 3β inactivation and consequently Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. Collectively, our findings show that AT‐Ex could be useful as a natural approach to improve treatment of vitiligo.
Effects of 21st‐century climate, land use, and disturbances on ecosystem carbon balance in California
Authors: Sleeter Benjamin M. , Marvin David C. , Cameron D. Richard , Selmants Paul C. , Westerling A.LeRoy , Kreitler Jason , Daniel Colin J. , Liu Jinxun , Wilson Tamara S.
Published: May 2019

Terrestrial ecosystems are an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), sequestering ~30% of annual anthropogenic emissions and slowing the rise of atmospheric CO2. However, the future direction and magnitude of the land sink is highly uncertain. We examined how historical and projected changes in climate, land use, and ecosystem disturbances affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in California over the period 2001–2100. We modeled 32 unique scenarios, spanning 4 land use and 2 radiative forcing scenarios as simulated by four global climate models. Between 2001 and 2015, carbon storage in California's terrestrial ecosystems declined by −188.4 Tg C, with a mean annual flux ranging from a source of −89.8 Tg C/year to a sink of 60.1 Tg C/year. The large variability in the magnitude of the state's carbon source/sink was primarily attributable to interannual variability in weather and climate, which affected the rate of carbon uptake in vegetation and the rate of ecosystem respiration. Under nearly all future scenarios, carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems was projected to decline, with an average loss of −9.4% (−432.3 Tg C) by the year 2100 from current stocks. However, uncertainty in the magnitude of carbon loss was high, with individual scenario projections ranging from −916.2 to 121.2 Tg C and was largely driven by differences in future climate conditions projected by climate models. Moving from a high to a low radiative forcing scenario reduced net ecosystem carbon loss by 21% and when combined with reductions in land‐use change (i.e., moving from a high to a low land‐use scenario), net carbon losses were reduced by 55% on average. However, reconciling large uncertainties associated with the effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is needed to better constrain models used to establish baseline conditions from which ecosystem‐based climate mitigation strategies can be evaluated.
A review of our current understanding of parasite survival in silage and stored forages, with a focus on Fasciola hepatica metacercariae
Authors: John Bethan C. , Davies David R. , Williams Diana J. L. , Hodgkinson Jane E.
Published: May 2019

Fasciola hepatica, the parasitic liver fluke, is a re‐emerging zoonotic infection and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in ruminant livestock worldwide. A significant animal welfare concern, fasciolosis also has a detrimental impact on food security, with the effects of sub‐clinical infection on growth rate and milk yield estimated to cost the UK cattle industry £40.4 million annually. It is understood that up to 50% of infective F. hepatica metacercariae may overwinter on pasture and remain viable to infect grazing livestock the following spring. However, the infection risk posed by feeding grass silage to livestock remains largely unknown as the majority of previous studies are outdated in both experimental design and analysis of ensiled metacercariae viability. Anecdotal reports of fasciolosis outbreaks in housed livestock have reignited interest in F. hepatica metacercariae survival during modern ensiling processes and more importantly if they retain viability within stored forages. Consequently, a comprehensive review of the available literature is required in order to identify knowledge gaps and highlight future research opportunities regarding the role of silage in the transmission of F. hepatica.
Imperial ardor or apathy? A Comparative international historiography of popular imperialism
Authors: Hennessey John L.
Published: May 2019

Were the ordinary citizens of imperial metropoles during the 19th and 20th centuries arduous supporters or apathetic observers of their country's colonial expansionism, or did their relationship to empire fall somewhere in between? Although this is a central question for understanding the how and why of modern imperialism and evaluating responsibility for colonial wrongs, scholars in the only loosely knit field of popular imperialism have arrived at widely divergent answers. Complementing its companion article, “By Jingo! Methods for Researching Popular Imperialism,” this article will present an overview of the conclusions of existing studies and present ways that future studies can become more theoretically and methodologically sophisticated through inspiration from comparative and transnational history, nationalism studies, and genocide studies.
Predicting hybridisation as a consequence of climate change in damselflies
Authors: Nava‐Bolaños Angela , Sánchez‐Guillén Rosa A. , Wellenreuther Maren , Muñoz Jesús , Torres‐Pachón Mónica , Novelo‐Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex
Published: May 2019

Climate change is a key stressor for species. Two major consequences of climate‐induced range shifts are the formation of new areas of geographic overlap (i.e. sympatry) and an increased probability of hybridisation in thede novocreated contact zones.

One method to effectively quantify the potential of hybridisation is to integrate ecological niche modelling and the propensity to hybridisation based on genetic divergence. In this paper, we have applied this methodology to predict hybridisation outcomes following different scenarios of climate change in 30 species ofArgiadamselflies.

We (i) investigated how climate change may affect species’ distributions; (ii) quantified if changed distributions generate new areas of sympatry between species; (iii) calculated the propensity to hybridise based on genetic divergence between species; and (iv) integrated these data to predict the future potential of species to hybridise.

We found that the distribution of 29 of the 30 species was affected by a change in climate which led to a general increase in sympatric overlap among species. The degree of genetic divergence among the 108 species’ combinations ranged from 0.06% to 0.36%. Based on the sympatric overlap and genetic divergence, it can be predicted that 97 of the species pairs are likely to hybridise in the future.

Our results are useful to forecast how highly diverse and closely related groups, such asArgiadamselflies, may respond to a change in climate and how this can impact the potential of species mixing under a scenario of increased global warming.
Structure and emission properties of glass‐ceramics containing (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals
Authors: Wei Qiongqiong , Han Jianjun , Liu Chao , Zhou Xuedong , Wang Jing , Xie Jun
Published: May 2019

Potential of oxide glass‐ceramics containing defect‐fluorite nanocrystals as host matrix for rare‐earth ions for efficient spectral conversion is investigated. The oxide glass‐ceramics embedded with defect fluorite pyrochlore (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals are prepared through melt‐quenching and subsequent heat‐treatment. It turns out that part of Eu3+ and Yb3+ ions are incorporated into the oxide nanocrystals, and Eu3+ ions remained in the glassy phase are reduced into Eu2+ ions. Blue emission from Eu2+ ions, red emission from Eu3+ ions, and near‐infrared emission from Yb3+ ions are generated and modulated by excitation wavelength. These features make oxide glass‐ceramics containing defect‐fluorite (Eu,Yb)2TiO5 nanocrystals promising as host for rare‐earth ions for efficient spectral conversion.