bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐Phase Line‐Frequency Rectifier With Multiple Input Voltage Levels
Authors: Pratama Hideo , Kuo Hong‐Qi , Hsieh Yao‐Ching
Published: February 2025

A three‐phase line‐frequency rectifier suitable for multiple input‐voltage levels is proposed in this research. The proposed circuit is composed of a three‐phase bridge rectifier and controllable semiconductor switches. The rectifier actually behaves like a voltage doubler due to the conduction scheme of controllable switches under line‐frequency. When the input line voltage is lower, for example, 190 or 110 V, the switch conduction angle is adjusted to double the input line voltage, and therefore, the output DC voltage would align to rectified 220 V line‐in level. That is, for manifold line‐in level, adequate control should be applied to align the DC output to a higher level to reduce the current stress of the following stage. Firstly, this paper analyzes the operation of circuit under three control modes, explains the operation principle of sampling circuit, and clarifies the process of overall control system. Subsequently, feasibility of the control strategy is verified by a prototype circuit. The experimental results show that the output voltage is consistent and kept at the high level by the proposed feedback control at rated 500 W output power.
Inpatient Dietary Behaviour Score (IDBS) Predicts the Risk of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Chen Jiangqiong , Liang Qing , Luo Wenjin , Cheng Qingfeng , Li Qifu , Mei Mei , Zan Liping
Published: February 2025

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop the inpatient dietary behaviour score (IDBS) and validate its predictive performance in assessing the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The study included patients with T2DM admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 1 March 2021 and 1 March 2023. Patients were categorised into hypoglycemia and non‐hypoglycemia groups using a paired approach, with hypoglycemia defined as any point‐of‐care glucose test results ≤ 3.9 mmol/L. Clinical data were collected, and the IDBS was calculated using a self‐designed scale with 11 variables. Subsequently, measures for predicting hypoglycemia risk in hospitalised T2DM patients were formulated.

Results

A total of 1478 patients were included in the survey, with 739 patients in each of the hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups after pairing. Baseline differences were observed in education, marital status, job status, DM duration, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), hypoglycemia history, diabetic peripheral artery disease (DM‐PAD), diabetic foot (DF), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) between the hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups. Significant correlations were found between the updated and baseline changes in the IDBS. The predictive efficacy was highest in DKD patients (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.69–1.97, P = 6.75E‐53). In multivariate analyses, only BMI, DM duration, diabetic foot and marriage response were included in the regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) and mean squared error (MSE) of the IDBS were 0.77 and 0.00039, respectively. A linear relationship existed between the IDBS and OR values, indicating that the risk of hypoglycemia increased with higher scores.

Conclusions

IDBS demonstrated a robust predictive effect on hypoglycemia. The variable data were easily obtainable, and the evaluation and calculation methods were straightforward. This scoring system could serve as a valuable reference for hypoglycemia prevention and screening of hospitalised diabetic patients at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Origins and Diversification of Myiasis Across Blowflies
Authors: Cardoso Gisele Antoniazzi , Cunha Vanessa A. S. , Genevcius Bruno C. , Madeira‐Ott Tais , Costa Bárbara Maria de Andrade , Rossoni Daniela Munhoz , Thyssen Patricia Jacqueline , Torres Tatiana Teixeira
Published: February 2025

Parasitism represents a prevalent and successful ecological strategy that has evolved independently numerous times across metazoa. Understanding the origin and diversification of parasitism is a central question in evolutionary biology. This study investigated the evolutionary path leading to a specific form of parasitism in blowflies known as myiasis, where larvae develop on or within a vertebrate. We modeled myiasis‐associated traits, including trophic specialization (obligatory parasitism, facultative parasitism and saprophagy), larval food substrate (necrotic, fresh or both) and developmental temperature (constant, variable or both) across the blowfly phylogeny. Our results suggested that the ancestral state of blowflies likely encompassed saprophagy or facultative parasitism, with larvae developing in corpses or necrotic tissues from wounds in either homeothermic or heterothermic hosts. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the role of facultative parasitism as an intermediate step for obligate parasitism in blowflies, indicating that pre‐adaptations for a facultative parasitic lifestyle may serve as stepping stones for emerging obligate parasitism. These findings shed light on the complex evolutionary history of blowfly vertebrate parasitism, emphasizing the importance of facultative parasitism as a critical transitional stage in this evolutionary process.
Predicting landscape‐scale native bumble bee habitat use over space, time, and forage availability
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy , Williams Neal
Published: February 2025

The distribution and abundance of foraging resources are key determinants of animal habitat use and persistence. Decades of agricultural expansion and intensification, along with the introduction of exotic species, have dramatically altered resource distributions in space and time. The nature of contemporary landscapes requires new approaches to understand how mobile organisms utilize the resulting highly fragmented, heterogeneous resources. We used colonies of the native bumble bee (Bombus vosnesenskii) deployed among habitat types and a land use gradient to characterize how resource availability and use change as a function of landscape composition throughout the season in a diverse agricultural region of Northern California. We employ a novel probabilistic framework to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of bumble bee resource use in different habitats. Bumble bee resource preference (i.e., pollen foraging) and availability (i.e., flowering plant abundance) are driven by the composition of the surrounding landscape and the time of year. Bumble bees strongly preferred pollen from native plants, which was overrepresented in samples across the season relative to its estimated availability. Our probabilistic model framework also revealed a strong reliance on seminatural habitat in the landscape (e.g., oak savannahs, chapparal, and riparian corridors)—features that are increasingly rare in anthropogenically dominated landscapes. In fact, pollen resource use by colonies even in the most intensive landscapes was largely limited to interstitial habitat (e.g., field and road edges) despite available mass‐flowering crops. Our results highlight the importance of mosaic landscapes (i.e., landscape heterogeneity) in allowing bumble bees to link resources through the season. The framework we develop also serves to enhance predictions of insect resource use within fragmented landscapes.
The Importance of Natural Gas for Electrification and Reliability
Authors: Simon Sandy , Lawson Brandon , Ferrera Colin
Published: February 2025

In the coming years, it is expected there will be rapid growth in energy demand fueled by population growth, the technology revolution (including data center and tech hub energy needs), and the resurgence of manufacturing in the US. To meet this growth, there is a growing recognition of the need for reliable and low‐cost fuels as a part of our energy mix and perhaps to rapidly expand their provision.
What Doesn't Work: Path Dependence in US Electricity Supply in 2025
Authors: Makholm Jeff D.
Published: February 2025

Ten years ago, in 2015, I began writing regular bi‐monthly columns for this journal. My publications focused mostly on US federal energy regulatory problems, stretching back more than 30 years.1 Reflecting on the decidedly international focus of my 2012 book on economic and political problems relating to the world's pipelines, my regular columns became International Energy.2 I spent years attempting to establish successful regulatory regimes in many countries—often ultimately failing, as in Argentina when by 2002, wider social and national economic problems overwhelmed the regulatory system developed to support that country's hopeful early‐1990s industry privatizations.3 In doing such international regulatory work, I had the privilege of looking at US energy problems from overseas. It is easier to see the uniquely supportive institutional foundations of US regulation when one compares them to newly formed—frequently unworkable—practices abroad. International Energy seemed right.
Causal Associations of Gut Microbiota Species With Lymphoma: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Mei , Wang Li , Peng ZiYe , Jiang Lian , Yan YiWei , Xia YaFei , Wang Yao , Guo LiYing , Miao Jing , Bian YuHong
Published: February 2025

This study aims to focus on GM at species level, exploring the causal associations with different kinds of lymphoma to provide some information on potential intervention directions in lymphoma. Data of GM taxa were extracted from the genome‐wide association study conducted by the MiBioGen and Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP), and those of lymphomas were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and Bonferroni multiple correction were utilized to assess the causal associations of GM species with different kinds of lymphoma. The effect size was expressed by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Reverse causal association analysis has also been performed. Additionally, scatter plots and leave‐one‐out test were conducted for sensitivity analysis. After correction, the IVW estimates suggested that elevated relative abundance of species Faecalibacterium_prausnitzii had a negatively causal association with increased odds of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.516–0.662). Relative abundance of species Gordonibacter_pamelaeae, Holdemania_filiformis, Sutterella_wadsworthensis and Coprococcus_sp_ART55_1 was negatively associated with follicular lymphoma (FL) odds, whereas that of species Bifidobacterium_catenulatum and Coprococcus_comes were positively associated with FL odds (all p < 0.05). Relative abundance of species Akkermansia_muciniphila and Coprococcus_sp_ART55_1 had a negatively causal association with non‐follicular lymphoma (NFL) odds, respectively, while that of Bacteroides_uniformis had a positive one (all p < 0.05). Relative abundance of species Flavonifractor_plautii was negatively linked to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk (OR = 0.471, 95% CI: 0.344–0.645). Relative abundance of species Eggerthella_unclassified was positively associated with T/NK cell lymphoma (TNK) risk while that of Ruminococcus_lactaris was negatively associated with TNK risk (all p < 0.05). Elevated relative abundance of Parabacteroides_unclassified was associated with higher risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (OR = 1.955, 95% CI: 1.654–2.312). The relative abundance of species Holdemania_filiformis was negatively associated with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) risk (OR = 0.637, 95% CI: 0.544–0.746). The relative abundance of species Rothia_mucilaginosa and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_3_1_46FAA had positively causal association with marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) risk, while that of species Alistipes_senegalensis had a negative one (all p < 0.05). This study identified 16 GM species that have potential causal associations with different kinds of lymphoma, which provided some new idea for further exploration on prevention and treatment targets in lymphoma.
Prognostic Models of Mortality Following First‐Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population‐Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mohammed Mustapha , Zainal Hadzliana , Ong Siew Chin , Tangiisuran Balamurugan , Aziz Fatimatuzzahra Abdul , Sidek Norsima N. , Sha'aban Abubakar , Ibrahim Umar Idris , Muhammad Surajuddeen , Looi Irene , Aziz Zariah A.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

There is a lack of population‐based studies focusing on guideline‐based prognostic models for stroke. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model that predicts mortality following a first‐ever acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

The study included 899 adult patients ( ≥ 18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of first‐ever acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Malaysian National Stroke Registry (NSR) from January 2009 to December 2019. The primary outcome was mortality within 90 days post‐stroke (266 events [29.6%]). The prognostic model was developed using logistic regression (75%, n = 674) and internally validated (25%, n = 225). Model performance was assessed using discrimination (area under the curve (AUC]) and calibration (Hosmer‐Lemeshow test [HL]).

Results

The final model includes factors associated with increased risk of mortality, such as age (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.06 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.03, 1.10; p < 0.001]), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score aOR 1.08 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13; p = 0.004), and diabetes aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.20, 4.37; p = 0.012). The protective factors were antiplatelet within 48 h. aOR 0.40 (95% CI 0.19, 0.81; p = 0.01), dysphagia screening aOR 0.30 (95% CI 0.15, 0.61; p = 0.001), antiplatelets upon discharge aOR 0.17 (95% CI 0.08, 0.35; p < 0.001), lipid‐lowering therapy aOR 0.37 (95% CI 0.17, 0.82; p = 0.01), stroke education aOR 0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05; p < 0.001) and rehabilitation aOR 0.08 (95% CI 0.04, 0.16; p < 0.001). The model demonstrated excellent performance (discrimination [AUC = 0.94] and calibration [HL, X2 p = 0.63]).

Conclusion

The study developed a validated prognostic model that excellently predicts mortality after a first‐ever acute ischemic stroke with potential clinical utility in acute stroke care decision‐making. The predictors could be valuable for creating risk calculators and aiding healthcare providers and patients in making well‐informed clinical decisions during the stroke care process.
University Students' Sociodemographics, Physical Inactivity, and Inadequate and Poor‐Quality Sleep Are Associated With Their Overweight/Obesity: Findings From a Case–Control Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Banna Md. Hasan Al , Hamiduzzaman Mohammad , Akter Shammy , Seidu Abdul‐Aziz , Begum Ayesha , Yeasmin Nilufa , Kundu Satyajit , Begum Mst. Umme Hafsa , Sultana Mst Sadia , Kissi‐Abrokwah Bernard , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Khan Md. Shafiqul Islam , Hassan Md. Nazmul
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Evidence confirms a high prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among university students in Bangladesh. The primary objective of this case–control study was to examine the association between overweight/obesity and sleep patterns (including sleep duration and quality) among university students in Bangladesh. The secondary objective was to identify the sociodemographic and lifestyle‐related factors that predict overweight/obesity in the study population.

Methods

The sociodemographics and body mass index (BMI) were gathered from a sample of 330 university students (setting: one public university in Bangladesh). Sleep health was measured by the 19‐item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and compared between the cases (BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m2) and controls (BMI = 18.5–22.9 kg/m2). Bivariate and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed.

Results

One hundred and sixty‐five overweight/obesity students and 165 control subjects participated in the study. The peak age for overweight/obesity was 22–25 years in the students, and about 67% of the cases were poor‐quality sleepers compared to 53% of the students in the control group. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that students' overweight/obesity was associated with being female (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 2.12; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.25, 3.61), short sleep duration ( ≤ 7 h/night) (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.66), poor quality of sleep (aOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.87), and physical inactivity (aOR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.55).

Conclusion

Key factors associated with overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi university students include age (22–25 years), gender (higher prevalence in female students), sleep duration and quality, and physical inactivity. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing sleep health, physical activity, and healthy lifestyles to mitigate overweight/obesity among university students.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐associated aortitis in a man with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Ikadai Ryota , Kitano Goshi , Kato Manabu , Kojima Takahiro
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐associated aortitis remains poorly understood among clinicians.

Case presentation

We present a case of G‐CSF‐associated aortitis in a 70‐year‐old male with stage IVb castration‐resistant prostate cancer (cT3bN0M1b) receiving docetaxel chemotherapy. Neutropenia (280/μL) developed on day 8 of the first chemotherapy cycle, prompting subcutaneous administration of filgrastim, a short‐acting G‐CSF, on days 8–10. On day 14, the patient presented to the outpatient clinic with fever but no other significant symptoms. Computed tomography revealed filgrastim‐induced thoracic aortitis. Daily prednisone treatment (equivalent to 25 mg prednisolone) was initiated on the following day. Although the initial episode of aortitis resolved within 5 weeks, subsequent pegfilgrastim resulted in recurrence around the left subclavian artery, necessitating further steroid therapy.

Conclusion

Persistent high fever following G‐CSF administration may indicate drug‐induced aortitis, highlighting the potential for aortitis recurrence with repeated G‐CSF use.
Trends and considerations for interprofessional continuing education activities for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians
Authors: Murry Logan T. , Kiersma Mary E. , Janis Steve , Catledge Kimberly , Travlos Dimitra V. , Engle Janet P.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Despite an increased focus on the importance and value of interprofessional education (IP), there is limited literature on the extent to which IP plays a role in continuing education (CE) for pharmacy learners.

Objectives

This study sought to describe interprofessional continuing education (IPCE) activities available to pharmacy learners from 2019 to 2023 and discuss considerations for the development of IPCE activities for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians.

Methods

This was a descriptive study using retrospective analysis of data collected from the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Provider Web Tool and the Joint Accreditation Program and Activity Reporting system (JA‐PARS), the repositories for all continuing pharmacy education (CPE) activities and continuing education activities offered by ACPE‐accredited CE providers and Jointly Accredited CE providers, respectively. All activities available from 2019 to 2023 were collected for analysis, with descriptive statistics calculated for activities in each year including the total number of CE providers, number of activities, number of activities per ACPE topic designator, target audience, and activity type. All analyses were conducted in R Statistical software (2021).

Results

The year with the largest number of CE providers awarding IPCE credit was 2023, with a total of 105 CE providers. A total of 35 427 activities awarding IPCE credit were available to pharmacy learners from 2019 to 2023, with the largest number of activities available in 2023 (n = 12 184; 34.6% of total activities). Most activities available during the time period were designed for pharmacists (n = 28 115; 79.4% of total activities) and were knowledge‐based (n = 32 627; 92.1% of total activities). The topic designator with the largest number of activities available during the time period was 01: Disease State Management/Drug Therapy (n = 16 806; 47.4% of total activities).

Conclusions

While the number of IPCE activities has increased since 2019, additional focus on designing interprofessional education which includes pharmacy technicians, developing activities designed to help learners apply knowledge to practice, and designing activities around competencies reflective of team‐based care is necessary.
Isolation and characterization of phenolic substances from pomegranate residues
Authors: Papageorgiou Costas S , Kyriazis Anastasios , Zentelis Αndreas D , Ioannidis Vassilis A , Lamari Fotini N , Sygouni Varvara , Lianou Alexandra , Paraskeva Christakis A , Aggelis George
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Pomegranate Residues (PRs) can be utilized for the development of a fermentation substrate for bioethanol production, while the contained bioactive substances could be recovered with physicochemical separation processes to be used in pharmaceutics or cosmetic products. Herein, we focused on the phenolics' characterization at each step of the proposed procedure and their isolation. First, thermal hydrolysis was conducted on PRs and the product was separated into liquid phase and pulp. The liquid phase was subjected to pH adjustment and to a second thermal treatment (to ensure sterility and its exploitability as a fermentation substrate), while pulp was submitted to extraction tests. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total carbohydrates concentration (TCC) were measured at each stage and the contained phenolics were identified using LC‐MS. Adsorption and desorption experiments in a column packed with XAD16 N resin were conducted on the liquid extracts to isolate phenolic substances.

RESULTS

Significant amounts of high‐added value substances (punicalagins, ellagic acid, gallic acid) were found in the liquid samples and in the pulp extract. The appropriate stages to recover the contained phenolics were identified. The adsorption and desorption curves and the HPLC‐DAD analysis showed that for the tested experimental conditions, gallic acid and galloyl‐hexoside was recovered at ~3 min, punicalagin ~at 15 min and ellagic acid, ellagic acid hexoside at ~15–30 min.

CONCLUSION

This work showed that during the treatment of PRs to produce fermentation substrate, it is possible to isolate significant phenolic compounds with the use of physicochemical processes. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Extreme hypercalcemia secondary to parathyroid adenoma obscured by excessive coffee consumption and premature ventricular complexes
Authors: Avidan Yuval , Kassem Sameer
Published: February 2025

Severe hypercalcemia has an arrhythmogenic effect. We present a case of a young male falsely diagnosed with premature ventricular complexes attributed to heavy coffee consumption, while symptoms and electrocardiographic findings of hypercalcemia were disregarded. Delayed work‐up identified extreme hypercalcemia, and subsequently, parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed. Medical and surgical management resulted in complete resolution. The misdiagnosis led to a substantial diagnostic delay.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Inhibits the Replication of Patient‐Derived Archetype BK Polyomavirus While Activating Rearranged Strains
Authors: Lauterbach‐Rivière Lise , Thuringer Lucia , Feld Pascal , Toews Lina Kathrin , Schüssler Jessica , Klinz Jonas , Gläser Lars , Lohse Stefan , Sternjakob Anna , Gasparoni Gilles , Kattler‐Lackes Kathrin , Walter Jörn , Lauterbach Marcel A. , Rahmann Sven , Möller Lars , Laue Michael , Janssen Martin , Stöckle Michael , Schmit David , Fliser Danilo , Smola Sigrun
Published: February 2025

To date, no drugs are approved for BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) reactivation, a major cause of nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Recently, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) blockade has been proposed as a promising therapy, however, the effect of TNF‐α on the clinically most common archetype (ww) BKPyV remained unclear. Assays in primary renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) allowed efficient replication only of BKPyV strains with rearranged (rr) non‐coding control regions (NCCR), which may develop at later disease stages, but not of ww‐BKPyV. Here, we optimized culture conditions allowing robust replication of patient‐derived ww‐BKPyV, while efficiently preserving their ww‐NCCR. TNF‐α promoted rr‐BKPyV replication, while the TH1 cytokine IFN‐γ suppressed it, also in the presence of TNF‐α. Surprisingly, TNF‐α alone was sufficient to suppress all ww‐BKPyV strains tested. Comprehensive analysis using siRNAs, and chimeric or mutated BKPyV‐strains revealed that the response to TNF‐α depends on the NCCR type, and that the NF‐κB p65 pathway but not the conserved NF‐κB binding site is essential for the TNF‐α‐induced enhancement of rr‐BKPyV replication. Our data suggest that in immunosuppressed patients with archetype‐dominated infections, TNF‐α blockade could interfere with natural TNF‐α‐mediated anti‐BKPyviral control, and this could be detrimental when IFN‐γ‐driven TH1 responses are impaired. Ongoing inflammation, however, could lead to the selection of rearrangements responding to NCCR‐activating pathways downstream of NF‐κB p65 signaling, that may overcome the initial TNF‐α‐mediated suppression. Our findings also highlight the importance of using clinically relevant BKPyV isolates for drug testing and discovery, for which this new assay paves the way.
Linear Electrical Circuits Described by a Novel Constant Proportional Caputo Hybrid Operator
Authors: Morales‐Delgado V. F. , Gómez‐Aguilar J. F. , Taneco‐Hernández M. A. , Pérez‐Careta E. , Torres‐Jiménez J. , Samei Mohammad Esmael
Published: February 2025

In this work, we obtain analytical solutions via Laplace transform of fractional electrical circuits by using the proportional Caputo derivative with power law. Numerical simulations were obtained to see the impact of the memory concept represented by the fractional parameter order. Also, we collect a lot of experimental data obtained in our laboratory for an circuit, and for each case, we calculate the value of the fractional‐order by using a particle swarm optimization approach. The results obtained reveals that the experimental data deviate slightly from that obtained in the integer‐order behavior and the application of the proportional Caputo derivative best fits the experimental data.
Improved quadriceps efficiency with a medial pivot in comparison to a cruciate‐retaining design in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Bauer Leandra , Niethammer Thomas R. , Thorwächter Christoph , Woiczinski Matthias , Müller Peter E. , Simon Florian , Holzapfel Boris M. , Simon Johanna‐Maria
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The posterior cruciate‐retaining (CR) design offers rotational freedom but risks abnormal kinematics and instability. The medial pivot (MP) design mimics native joint motion with a high‐conformity medial and flat lateral interface. Within clinical studies, the MP design outclassed the CR design, but biomechanical studies are lacking. This study investigates the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics of both implant designs compared to native kinematics.

Methods

Eight fresh‐frozen cadaveric knee specimens underwent total knee arthroplasty using MP and CR designs. Testing was performed in a dynamic knee rig simulating active knee flexion (30–130°) under muscle load. Biomechanical assessments included tibial rotation, tibiofemoral translation, patellar tilt/shift, patellofemoral contact/pressure patterns and quadriceps force. Functional regressions were used to analyse the effects of the component designs on the native situation.

Results

The MP design exhibited increased tibial rotation (130° flexion: MP 9.4° vs. CR 6.6°) and lateral anterior tibial translation during flexion (130° flexion: MP 25.8 mm vs. CR 22.6 mm). Both designs showed no significant differences in patellar tilt or shift and similar patellofemoral pressure (CR 3.2 MPa, MP 3.4 MPa) and contact patterns (CR 213.8 mm2 vs. MP 230.4 mm2). The MP design required lower quadriceps force, particularly in deep flexion (NS 452.6 N, CR 407.8 N and MP 367.3 N).

Conclusion

The MP design provides a more native‐like knee kinematic profile than the CR design, with a more pronounced MP motion pattern and reduced quadriceps loading.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Accurate estimation of photosynthetic available radiation from multispectral downwelling irradiance profiles
Authors: Pitarch Jaime , Leymarie Edouard , Vellucci Vincenzo , Massi Luca , Claustre Hervé , Poteau Antoine , Antoine David , Organelli Emanuele
Published: February 2025

Photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) is the light usable by photosynthetic organisms. Photosynthetic available radiation measurements at depth are required to quantify the light availability for primary production. Direct PAR measurements may be measured with full‐spectrum quantum sensors for the range 400 to 700 nm. When spectrally resolved light is measured, as for the downwelling irradiance spectrum , PAR may be computed by numerically integrating within those limits. As radiation varies across a spectral continuum, needs to be resolved at a sufficiently large number of bands, to provide an unbiased PAR estimate. When is available at a small number of spectral bands, as for multispectral sensors, it is still possible to numerically integrate , but the estimation will contain errors. Here, we propose a method that delivers unbiased PAR estimates, based on two‐layer neural networks, formulable in a small number of matrix equations, and thus exportable to any software platform. The method was calibrated with a dataset of hyperspectral acquired by new types of BioGeoChemical (BGC)‐Argo floats deployed in a variety of open ocean locations, representative of a wide range of bio‐optical properties. This procedure was repeated for several band configurations, including those existing on multispectral radiometers presently the standard for the BGC‐Argo fleet. Validation results against independent data were highly satisfactory, displaying minimal uncertainties across a wide PAR range, with the performance varying as a function of each sensor configuration, overall supporting the operational implementation in the Argo program. Model codes are findable at https://github.com/jaipipor/PAR_BGC_Argo.
Bio‐Based Epoxy Resins Derived from Eugenol with High Glass Transition Temperatures as Substitutes for DGEBA
Authors: Schamel Elisabeth , Bauer Florian , Schlachter Herbert , Wehnert Gerd , Söthje Dominik
Published: February 2025

Epoxy resins (EPs) are crucial for high‐performance applications like lightweight materials, due to their excellent properties. However, the commonly used diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) has two major disadvantages: it is synthesized mainly from petrochemicals and includes the health concerning bisphenol A. Eugenol is a bio‐based aromatic compound that can be modified into di‐ or triglycidyl ether. Through investigations four monomers are obtained based on eugenol and crosslinked with two curing agents isophorone diamine and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone to compare the properties of the resulting EPs with references containing DGEBA. Using new synthesis routes, the bio‐content of the monomers can be increased up to 94 wt%. Intramolecular cyclization occurs if a hydroxy group is in ortho‐position to the glycidyl ether group. The crosslinking conditions of the bio‐based monomers are comparable to or lower than those of DGEBA. The eugenol‐based triglycidyl monomers exhibit very high glass transition temperatures of up to 271 °C, almost 50 °C above the reference value, which can enable their use for lightweight construction such as matrices for fiber‐reinforced plastics. The char content of all bio‐based EPs after pyrolysis is significantly higher in comparison to the references, which may have a favorable effect on fire resistance.
Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Detection Using Explainable AI in MRI Images
Authors: Ariful Islam Md. , Mridha M. F. , Safran Mejdl , Alfarhood Sultan , Mohsin Kabir Md.
Published: February 2025

Due to the complex structure of the brain, variations in tumor shapes and sizes, and the resemblance between tumor and healthy tissues, the reliable and efficient identification of brain tumors through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presents a persistent challenge. Given that manual identification of tumors is often time‐consuming and prone to errors, there is a clear need for advanced automated procedures to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency. Our study addresses the difficulty by creating an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) framework derived from DenseNet121 to augment the accuracy of brain tumor detection. The proposed model was comprehensively evaluated against 12 baseline CNN models and 5 state‐of‐the‐art architectures, namely Vision Transformer (ViT), ConvNeXt, MobileNetV3, FastViT, and InternImage. The proposed model achieved exceptional accuracy rates of 98.4% and 99.3% on two separate datasets, outperforming all 17 models evaluated. Our improved model was integrated using Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, particularly Grad‐CAM++, facilitating accurate diagnosis and localization of complex tumor instances, including small metastatic lesions and nonenhancing low‐grade gliomas. The XAI framework distinctly highlights essential areas signifying tumor presence, hence enhancing the model's accuracy and interpretability. The results highlight the potential of our method as a reliable diagnostic instrument for healthcare practitioners' ability to comprehend and confirm artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven predictions but also bring transparency to the model's decision‐making process, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This advancement signifies a significant progression in the use of AI in neuro‐oncology, enhancing diagnostic interpretability and precision.
CO2 Photoreduction Improvement by Carbon Nitride Utilizing the Synergism of Na Ion and Cyano Defects
Authors: Li Weize , Hu Zhizhong , Song Lingyong , Lv Yangbo , Liu Jincang , Lu Changtong , Xu Chunping
Published: February 2025

Conversion of CO2 to high value products was considered as a focused issue towards carbon neutrality. Photocatalysis held the potential to realize the target, and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was a competitive candidate. The photocatalytic efficiency of g‐C3N4 limited by the weak adsorption of CO2 and easy recombination of charge carriers. Herein, Na ion and cyano defects was induced into g‐C3N4 simultaneously using NaHSO3 as alkali molten salt to work out these obstacles. The optimized photocatalyst 3 Na‐CN (the weight of NaHSO3 was 1.5 g) exhibited the highest CO yield (21.5 μmol g−1 h−1), which was 5 times than that of pristine g‐C3N4 (4.29 μmol g−1 h−1). By means of experiments and characterization, 3 Na‐CN displayed better performance in both light utilization and charge separation, which was reflected by the improved photocurrent response, decreased electrochemical impedance, markedly diminished fluorescence intensity, and shortened fluorescence lifetime. This result could be ascribed to the facilitation of electron‐hole separation induced by cyano defects, as well as the enhancement in CO2 adsorption and activation mediated by the Na ion. This work offers a new perspective on dual modulation of graphitic carbon nitride and paves the way for the design of CO2 reduction photocatalyst.
Characterization of immune microenvironment associated with medulloblastoma metastasis based on explainable machine learning
Authors: Zhao Fengmao , Liu Xiangjun , Gui Jingang , Sun Hailang , Zhang Nan , Peng Yun , Ge Ming , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Importance

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, with metastasis being the primary cause of recurrence and mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in driving metastasis; however, the mechanisms underlying TME alterations in MB metastasis remain poorly understood.

Objective

To develop and validate machine learning (ML) models for predicting patient outcomes in MB and to investigate the role of TME components, particularly immune cells and immunoregulatory molecules, in metastasis.

Methods

ML models were constructed and validated to predict prognosis and metastasis in MB patients. Eight algorithms were evaluated, and the optimal model was selected. Lasso regression was employed for feature selection, and SHapley Additive exPlanations values were used to interpret the contribution of individual features to model predictions. Immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues was quantified using the microenvironment cell populations‐counter method, and immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the expression and distribution of specific proteins in tumor tissues.

Results

The ML models identified metastasis as the strongest predictor of poor prognosis in MB patients, with significantly worse survival outcomes observed in metastatic cases. High infiltration of CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), along with elevated expression of the TGFB1 gene encoding transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), were strongly associated with metastasis. Independent transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed significantly higher CD8+ T cell/CTL infiltration and TGF‐β1 expression in metastatic compared to nonmetastatic MB samples. Patients with both high CD8+ T cell/CTL infiltration and elevated TGFB1 expression in the context of metastasis exhibited significantly worse survival outcomes compared to patients with low expression and no metastasis.

Interpretation

This study identifies metastasis as the key prognostic factor in MB and reveals the pivotal roles of CD8+ T cells, CTLs, and TGF‐β1 within the TME in promoting metastasis and poor outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for developing future therapeutic strategies targeting the TME to improve MB patient outcomes.
Simultaneous Nitrogen Fixation and CO2 Conversion via Magnetic Field Stabilized Glow Discharge (MSGD)
Authors: Liu YueXi , Li ZhiYu , Yang LiCheng , Pei XueKai , Nie LanLan , Lu XinPei
Published: February 2025

A Magnetic Field Stabilized Glow Discharge (MSGD) device is used to perform nitrogen fixation (NF) and CO2 conversion at atmospheric pressure using N2‐CO2 and air‐CO2 gas mixtures. It is found that for N2‐CO2 and air‐CO2 gas mixtures, the CO concentration increases with the CO2 volume fraction, reaching a maximum of 56 198 ppm at 100% CO2, and the corresponding energy cost for CO2 conversion is the lowest at 0.61 MJ/mol, while the energy efficiency of CO2 conversion reaches its highest at 46.7%. For N2‐CO2 discharge, the lowest energy cost for NF (11.24 MJ/mol) occurs at a gas ratio of approximately 1:1 (N2: CO2), with a NOx concentration of 2968 ppm. For air‐CO2 discharge, the lowest NF energy cost (2.59 MJ/mol) is achieved with pure air, resulting in a NOx concentration of 12 103 ppm. As the CO2 volume fraction increases, the NOx concentration decreases while NF energy cost rises. In both discharge scenarios, the overall energy efficiency for combined NF and CO2 conversion increases with the CO2 volume fraction. Further analysis reveals that the reduced electric field of the MSGD is approximately 49.6 Td, under which 90% of the electron energy is transferred to the vibrational states of N2 and CO2. Consequently, NO in the products is primarily generated through the Zeldovich mechanism, while CO is mainly produced via the vibrational dissociation of CO2.
Estrogen and Cyp1b1 Regulate Pparγ in Pulmonary Hypertension Through a Ubiquitin‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Chen Jingyuan , Chen Xinping , Agrawal Vineet , Moore Christy S. , Blackwell Tom , Rathaur Nivedita , Gladson Santhi , Rathinasabapathy Anandharajan , Hemnes Anna , Austin Eric , West James
Published: February 2025

Female sex increases risk of Group I pulmonary arterial hypertension by roughly threefold, but the mechanism is unclear. Low expression of Cyp1b1, an enzyme that metabolizes estrogens, is associated with disease penetrance, particularly in women. We previously found that lower Pparγ levels in murine PAH models, which may drive disease, are rescued by estrogen blockade. The goal of the current studies was to examine interaction of estrogen, Cyp1b1, and energy metabolism in cell culture and in knockout mice. We found that both estrogen and siRNA to Cyp1b1 resulted in reduction of Pparγ at a protein, but not transcript level, in addition to regulating Pparγ cofactors. siCyp1b1 reduced both basal and maximal respiration rates in a fatty acid oxidation Seahorse protocol. This Pparγ inhibition could be eliminated by blocking ubiquitination. RNA‐seq suggested that Cyp1b1 may be having important pulmonary hypertension effects both in concert with and independently of its effect on estrogen. Cyp1b1 knockout mice have lower Pparγ levels than WT mice both in normoxia and hypoxia, and develop mild pulmonary hypertension on a high fat diet. RNA‐seq on their lungs reflected similar pathways to those altered in endothelial cells alone – lipid metabolism, cytokines, and vasoreactivity‐associated genes, among others, but added genes associated with circadian rhythm. These data suggest multiple potential points for intervention in estrogen and Cyp1b1 mediated etiology of PAH, in particular Pparγ ubiquitination, but also suggests that both the difference between E2 and 16aOHE and the impact of Cyp1b1 is more complex than simply “degree of estrogenicity”.
Quantum Signatures of Chaos in Anisotropic Quantum Rabi Model
Authors: Wang Shangyun , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang , Wang Jieci , Fan Heng
Published: February 2025

Quantum chaos is an intriguing topic and has attracted a great deal of interests in quantum mechanics and black hole physics. Recently, the exponential growth of out‐of‐time‐ordered correlator (OTOC) has been proposed to diagnose quantum chaos and verify the correspondence principle. Here, good correspondence is found between the linear entanglement entropy and the semiclassical phase space structures in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. The Loschmidt echo in the chaotic sea decays more faster than that in the stable island. However, the OTOCs grow exponentially at early times for the initial states centered both in the chaotic and stable regions. The exponential growth of the OTOC is attributed to quantum collapse that provides a novel mechanism of yielding exponential growth of the OTOC in quantum systems. Moreover, the quantum collapse effect is more obvious for the initial states centered in the chaotic one. The results show that in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model, the linear entanglement entropy, and Loschmidt echo are more effective than OTOC for diagnosing quantum chaotic signals.
pH Controlled Twist‐Angle Dependent Interfacial Quantum Tunneling in Multilayer Molecular Moiré Superlattices of p‐Phenylenediamine
Authors: Dey Ujjala , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: February 2025

Molecule‐based electronic circuits and device components may bring novel aspects in their functioning based on quantum phenomena that may not be attainable using conventional architecture. In order to implement such concepts development of well‐defined assemblies that enable energy transfer, mass, and charge transports across several length scales is necessary. Herein it is reported that multilayer molecular moiré superlattices may provide an initial direction for attaining the abovementioned objectives. For example, multilayered 2D moiré superlattices of p‐phenylenediamine showed easily identifiable twist angle‐dependent electrical conductivity at each interface, as measured for the nanosheet using conductive atomic force microscopy. The absence of water molecules at the interfaces, as compared to the layered water molecules in the lattices, lowered the electron tunneling barrier and thus, increased the conductivity. Importantly, protonation and deprotonation of the superlattices in the dispersion resulted in high interfacial currents with about three orders of magnitude increase for the former. These results are further explained by density of states calculations along with carrier density and simulated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) plots.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized from the Ethanolic Extract of the Aerial Part of Micromeria biflora
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ahmad Zubair , Muhammad Naveed , Al‐Awthan Yahya S. , Bahattab Omar S. , Rami Saeed Hameed , Bawazeer Saud , Ullah Imran , Thiruvengadam Rekha , Kondapavuluri Benod Kumar , Thiruvengadam Muthu
Published: February 2025

This study explored the synthesis and characterization of the iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using Micromeria biflora extract. The rapid reduction of iron ions, evidenced by a distinct color change, signifies an efficient interaction, leading to successful FeNPs formation. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis, revealing an absorption peak at 295 nm that intensified over time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrates phytochemical involvement. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images displayed cuboctahedron‐shaped NPs with various facet formations, which are crucial for diverse applications. DISCUS package was used to simulate the shape and decorate the surface with organic molecules obtained from the extract. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the elemental composition. Additionally, potential applications, including enzyme effects and sedative and anti‐inflammatory properties, were explored. The extract and FeNPs showed anticancer effects against MDR2780AD cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.99 and 0.91, respectively. The tested FeNPs showed 92.22%, 76.22%, and 88.23% inhibitory effects against urease, CA‐II, and XO, respectively. The maximum percentage analgesic effects of the extract (100 mg/kg) and FeNPs (10 mg/kg) were 65 and 82, respectively. The maximum anti‐inflammatory effect was observed at the third hour of treatment. The anti‐inflammatory effect of FeNPs (90%) was superior to that of the extract (60%).
MXene‐Based Nanomaterials for Pollution Remediation: A Review
Authors: Swain Krishna Kumari , Pradhan Sunil Kumar , Late Dattatray J.
Published: February 2025

MXenes, which are an incredibly new class of 2D nanomaterials with a variety of possible applications, including nitrides, metal carbides, and carbonitrides, have attracted a lot of attention recently. Hydrophilicity, electron richness, a high specific surface area, a large number of highly active surface sites, and an abundance of surface terminations are some of MXene's characteristics. The capacity of MXene to adsorb a wide range of contaminants, such as pesticides, heavy metals, colors, and pharmaceuticals, is a notable feature. The most recent MXene structure, synthesis, characteristics, and various applications are covered in this review paper. In addition, there is a lot of emphasis on MXenes' adsorption capability and the factors that affect it for the removal of various contaminants (such as organic pollutants, heavy metals, medicinal compounds, radionuclides, etc.). It highlights the surface modification methods for MXene's removal of various contaminants, including intercalation, acidification, and alkalization. Finally, the future prospects for research in all areas of environmental and pollution remediation are covered in this paper.