bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrapolitics and role abeyance: How Irish military officers experience university
Authors: Gibson Andrew G
Published: April 2021

Starting in 1969, the Irish Defence Forces began to send its officers to attend civilian university in University College Galway as part of their professional formation, through the University Service Administrative Complement (USAC) scheme. Using a conceptual framework that combines role theory with James C. Scott’s concept of ‘infrapolitics’, this paper interrogates how or whether full time, commissioned officers negotiate role tensions while attending civilian higher education as part of their professional military formation. Role theory would suggest that those who are expected to maintain two roles simultaneously, i.e. as student and military officer, would be expected to experience ‘role strain’. This paper illustrates instead that student officers deploy a variety of infrapolitical tactics and strategies, thus creating an alternative route to negotiating role tensions and anxiety.
Addressing prioritization in healthcare amidst a global pandemic
Authors: Mitton Craig , Donaldson Cam , Dionne Francois , Peacock Stuart
Published: April 2021

Trade-offs abound in healthcare yet depending on where one stands relative to the stages of a pandemic, choice making may be more or less constrained. During the early stages of COVID-19 when there was much uncertainty, healthcare systems faced greater constraints and focused on the singular criterion of “flattening the curve.” As COVID-19 progressed and the first wave diminished (relatively speaking depending on the jurisdiction), more opportunities presented for making explicit choices between COVID and non-COVID patients. Then, as the second wave surged, again decision makers were more constrained even as more information and greater understanding developed. Moving out of the pandemic to recovery, choice making becomes paramount as there are no set rules to lean back into historical patterns of resource allocation. In fact, the opportunity at hand, when using explicit tools for priority setting based on economic and ethical principles, is significant.
Profit, Self, and Agency: A Reevaluation
Authors: Ailon Galit
Published: April 2021

In 1939, Erich Fromm argued that capitalist culture imbues the pursuit of economic advantage with moral tensions that harm self and psyche. Since this time, the inner implications of such tensions have been somewhat overlooked by theorists, and not without seemingly good reasons. By many accounts, social and technological developments in the later decades of the 20th century have ostensibly reduced the cultural tensions surrounding profit making and mitigated their inner effects. This article, however, presents a different account. Drawing from literature on culture, self, and subjectivity in the neoliberal era, it argues that the tensions Fromm identified have actually been recreated in new, sometimes more elusive ways that bear substantial inner costs. Moreover, focusing on economic elites, this article analytically explores the agentic implications of these inner costs. It argues that the moral tensions that haunt profit making ironically stand at the basis of capitalist agency, shaping its materialistic default through processes rooted in self.
Evaluation of the Usage and Dosing of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Patients in Clinical Practice
Authors: Smith Katelyn V. , Dunning Jacqueline R. , Fischer Christina M. , MacLean Taylor E. , Bosque-Hamilton Joshua W. , Fera Liliana E. , Grant Jamaal Y. , Zelle David J. , Matta Lina , Gaziano Thomas A. , MacRae Calum A. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Desai Akshay S.
Published: April 2021

Background:

Although strategies for optimization of pharmacologic therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are scripted by guidelines, data from HF registries suggests that guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) are underutilized among eligible patients. Whether this discrepancy reflects medication intolerance, contraindications, or a quality of care issue remains unclear.

Objective:

The objective of this initiative was to identify reasons for underutilization and under-dosing of HFrEF therapy in patients at a large, academic medical center.

Methods:

Among 500 patients with HFrEF enrolled in a quality improvement project at a tertiary center, we evaluated usage and dosing of 4 categories of GDMT: ACE inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ACE-i/ARB), Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNi), beta blockers, and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRA). Reasons for nonprescription and usage of suboptimal doses were abstracted from notes in the chart and from telephone review of previous medication trials with the patient.

Results:

Of 500 patients identified, 472 subjects had complete data for analysis. Among eligible patients, ACE-i/ARB were prescribed in 81.4% (293 of 360) and beta blockers in 94.4% (442 of 468). Of these patients, 10.6% were prescribed target doses of ACE-i/ARB and 12.4% were prescribed target doses of beta blockers. Utilization of other categories of GDMT was lower, with 54% of eligible patients prescribed MRAs and 27% prescribed an ARNi. In most cases, the reasons for nonprescription or under-dosing of GDMT were not apparent on review of the health record or discussion with the patient.

Conclusion:

Clear rationale for nonprescription and under-dosing of GDMT often cannot be ascertained from detailed review and is only rarely related to documented medication intolerance or contraindications, suggesting an opportunity for quality improvement.
Robust fault-tolerant flight control of quadrotor against faults in multiple motors
Authors: Dhadekar Dinesh D , Talole S E
Published: April 2021

In this article, position and attitude tracking control of the quadrotor subject to complex nonlinearities, input couplings, aerodynamic uncertainties, and external disturbances coupled with faults in multiple motors is investigated. A robustified nonlinear dynamic inversion (NDI)-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme is proposed for the purpose. The proposed scheme is not only robust against aforementioned nonlinearities, disturbances, and uncertainties but also tolerant to unexpected occurrence of faults in multiple motors. The proposed scheme employs uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) technique to robustify the NDI-based controller by providing estimate of the lumped disturbance, thereby enabling rejection of the same. In addition, the UDE also plays the role of fault detection and identification module. The effectiveness and benefits of the proposed design are confirmed through 6-DOF simulations and experimentation on a 3-DOF Hover platform.
Shaking table control via real-time inversion of hydraulic servoactuator linear state-space model
Authors: Ramírez-Senent José , García-Palacios Jaime H , Díaz Iván M
Published: April 2021

In this work, a Model-Based Control method for a single horizontal degree of freedom shaking table is presented. The proposed approach relies on the real-time inversion of a previously identified linear state-space model of the hydraulic servoactuator which drives the table. The inputs to the model are the control command and the force exerted on servoactuator rod. The latter contains all the relevant information related to the external actions acting on the servoactuator, thus making control system performance independent from the specimen with which the table is loaded and enabling it to cope with specimen non-linear behavior and eventual external forces exerted on it. A parallel proportional integral derivative controller, which accounts for non-modeled dynamics and a feedback linearization scheme, aimed at minimizing servovalve flow non-linearity, complement the previous architecture. The effectiveness of the method has been assessed numerically. According to the simulation results, the performance of the proposed technique appears quite promising; however, several factors must be carefully considered to achieve successful actual implementation.
Effect of vacuum manipulation on inter laminar shear strength and flexural strength in double bag vacuum infusion moulding
Authors: Rana KI , Sajid Z , Tao Jie , Khan LA
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to gain insight towards the effect of vacuum manipulation on quality of the laminate by employing an additional bag over the first bag. First (inner) bag is used to infuse resin while second (outer) bag is connected with vacuum pump for compaction process only. Carbon fiber was used as reinforcement while epoxy was used as resin. Effects were related with compaction pressure and volatile management during infusion process. In this study a comparison is also presented between samples manufactured with vacuum infusion moulding employing single and double bag. Two schemes of vacuum manipulation inside the cavities (inner bag and outer bag) were introduced in the manufacturing setup of double bag vacuum infusion moulding (DBVI). Effect of varying vacuum applied levels was related to mechanical properties of the laminates. Samples were manufactured by keeping constant vacuum in the inner bag cavity while varying the same in the outer bag cavity and vice versa. Inter Laminar Shear Strength (ILSS) and flexural strength were used for evaluation process as both of them are critical indicators to assess quality of infused laminates. Testing as per ASTM standards along with image analysis were used for investigation of results. The results showed that employment of double bag, improved the properties under consideration as compared to samples manufactured using single bag. It was found that vacuum manipulation in these two bags can improve the mentioned properties. This improvement in properties was related with volatile management and compaction of fiber in dry and saturated conditions. Finally, a specific combination of vacuum inside the two cavities was also suggested in order to obtain improved properties.
Poverty, Pandemic and Elections: Analysis of Bihar Assembly Elections 2020
Authors: Kapoor Mudit , Ravi Shamika
Published: April 2021

We analyse the Bihar assembly elections of 2020, and find that poverty was the key driving factor, over and above female voters as determinants. The results show that the poor were more likely to support the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). The relevance of this result for an election held in the midst of a pandemic is very crucial, given that the poor were the hardest hit. Second, in contrast to conventional commentary, the empirical results show that the All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen—‘AIMIM factor’ and the Lok Janshakti party—‘LJP factor’ hurt the NDA, while benefitting the Maha Gath Bandan (MGB), with their presence in these elections. The methodological novelty in this article has combined elections data with wealth data to study the effect of poverty on election outcomes.
Frontotemporal dementia and financial capacity: facing the Cerberus of overestimation or underestimation?
Authors: Giannouli Vaitsa , Tsolaki Magda
Published: April 2021

Objective:

This study investigates the performance of people with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) on objective assessment of financial capacity with comparison to the estimation of financial capacity by both people themselves and their caregivers.

Method:

FTD patients and healthy (age/gender/education-matched) controls from Greece underwent cognitive assessment (memory, attention, executive functioning, visuospatial skills, verbal functions), emotional (anxiety, depression), and financial capacity assessment (Legal Capacity for Property Law Transactions Assessment Scale—LCPLTAS). Additionally, they self-reported on their financial performance and a third-party living with the older participants for both groups reported their estimates of financial performance and their anxiety and depression levels.

Results:

Financial capacity in FTD patients is severely impaired compared to controls, but caregivers of FTD patients tend to overestimate the patients’ financial performance, a finding that is not related to the caregivers’ depression and anxiety levels or other demographics. FTD patients overestimate their financial capacity.

Conclusion:

FTD may have significant impact on financial capacity, but people with FTD tend to overestimate their own financial capacity. This study also indicates that families and caregivers tend to overestimate financial capacity in people with FTD. This has implications for the assessment and care planning of people with FTD in clinical settings.
Impact of Covid-19 on the mental health needs of asylum seekers in Australia
Authors: Mares Sarah , Jenkins Kym , Lutton Susan , Newman AM Louise
Published: April 2021

Objective:

This paper highlights the significant mental health vulnerabilities of people who have sought asylum in Australia and their additional adversities as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

Australia’s policies in relation to asylum seekers result in multiple human rights violations and add significantly to mental health vulnerabilities. Despite a majority being identified as refugees, people spend years in personal and administrative limbo and are denied resettlement in Australia. Social isolation and other restrictions associated with Covid-19 and recent reductions in welfare and housing support compound their difficulties. The clinical challenges in working with people impacted by these circumstances and the role of psychiatrists and the RANZCP in advocacy are identified.
Multimodal pizza-shaped piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvesters
Authors: Caetano Virgilio J , Savi Marcelo A
Published: April 2021

Energy harvesting from ambient vibration through piezoelectric devices has received a lot of attention in recent years from both academia and industry. One of the main challenges is to develop devices capable of adapting to diverse sources of environmental excitation, being able to efficiently operate over a broadband frequency spectrum. This work proposes a novel multimodal design of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system to harness energy from a wideband ambient vibration source. Circular-shaped and pizza-shaped designs are employed as candidates for the device, comparing their performance with classical beam-shaped devices. Finite element analysis is employed to model system dynamics using ANSYS Workbench. An optimization procedure is applied to the system aiming to seek a configuration that can extract energy from a broader frequency spectrum and maximize its output power. A comparative analysis with conventional energy harvesting systems is performed. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the harvester performances under harmonic and random excitations. Results show that the proposed multimodal harvester has potential to harness energy from broadband ambient vibration sources presenting performance advantages in comparison to conventional single-mode energy harvesters.
Shared Death Experiences: A Little-Known Type of End-of-Life Phenomena Reported by Caregivers and Loved Ones
Authors:   Shared Crossing Research Initiative (SCRI)
Published: April 2021

Anecdotal evidence suggests that some loved ones and caregivers of dying patients undergo a type of end-of-life phenomena known as a shared death experience or SDE, whereby one feels that one has participated in a dying person’s transition to a post-mortem existence. Anecdotal evidence also suggests that SDEs can have a range of profound psycho-spiritual-emotional effects. However, SDEs have been all but ignored in hospice and palliative medicine, leaving professional bereavement services uninformed about SDEs and leaving individuals who report SDEs without adequate professional support to process and integrate them. To better understand the features and effects of SDEs, an inductive content analysis was performed on written accounts and transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 107 persons reporting a total of 164 SDEs. Analysis revealed 4 distinct though non-exclusive modes of an SDE: remotely sensing a death, witnessing unusual phenomena, feelings of accompanying the dying, and feelings of assisting the dying. Analysis also revealed 3 major domains of SDE effects: changes in belief, the reconciliation of grief, and the perception of continued relational bonds with the deceased. Interviews highlighted both difficulties and therapeutic value in people openly discussing their experiences with health professionals. We believe that integration of information about SDEs offers an opportunity to add to the breadth and quality of psychological, spiritual, and bereavement care.
Household’s Allocation of Payment for Ecosystem Services in “La Antigua” Watershed, Veracruz, México
Authors: Avila-Foucat Veronique Sophie , Rodriguez-Robayo Karla J. , Jones Kelly W. , Pischke Erin C. , Torrez David , Salcone Jacob , Selfa Theresa , Halvorsen Kathleen E.
Published: April 2021

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is an environmental policy looking to improve ecosystem conservation and well-being. Assets have been used to evaluate socioeconomic outcomes of the program; however, the allocation of PES at a household level and its explaining variables have not been addressed. Thus, the aim of this article is to study the allocation of PES in nondurable and durable goods and the determinants of this household decision. Results from the La Antigua watershed located in Mexico indicate that the PES program is primarily used in durable goods, mainly on health, house infrastructure, agricultural inputs, and reforestation. Econometric models show that this allocation to one or several assets depends on the average age of the household head, on participation in a community organization, and on the average income. In contrast, government transfers are not significant. Based on this, policy recommendations are made related to the program’s socioeconomic outcomes and alignment with other conditional cash transfer.
Pendulum tuned mass dampers and tuned mass dampers: Analogy and optimum parameters for various combinations of response and excitation parameters
Authors: Soltani Payam , Deraemaeker Arnaud
Published: April 2021

This study deals with the optimisation of pendulum tuned mass damper parameters for different types of excitations and responses of the host structure to which it is attached. The study considers force excitation and base excitation with different types of output quantities to be minimised on the host structure. It also considers both harmonic motion with H ∞ optimisation of the different transfer functions and random white noise excitation where the variance of the output signal is minimised, leading to H2 optimisation. Although a lot of work has been done on optimisation of tuned mass dampers, there exists in the literature only a few solutions for optimisation of the pendulum tuned mass dampers not covering all possible types of loads and output quantities. The analogy between the mass spring tuned mass damper and pendulum tuned mass damper presented in this study allows to use all the tuning rules developed for tuned mass dampers in the case of pendulum tuned mass dampers. In addition, the existing tuning rules for tuned mass dampers are extended to cases which were not previously solved in the literature for H2 optimisation and validated by comparing with numerical optimisation. Finally, a discussion is presented where the different tuning rules are compared, and the performance degradation is assessed when the wrong tuning rule is used. This is representative of the case where, for example, both wind and earthquake excitation exist on the structure, and the pendulum tuned mass damper is tuned for just wind excitation.
Exposure and Public Health Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ephraim-Emmanuel Benson Chukwunweike , Ordinioha Best
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim:

In order to achieve improved global health, environmental health risks that could affect this goal have to be reduced as much as possible. This review thus aimed at determining the exposure levels, health risk assessments, and public health effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review was developed using guidelines provided for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Search was done on Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases. A study was included if it was carried out in SSA from 2000 to 2020 and written in English language. Fifty-two studies were finally retained and used for the review. Extracted data included the concentrations of 8 selected priority PAHs (including the PAHs prioritized for their carcinogenic potentials), their sources and reported outcomes. In SSA, PAHs exposure has been linked to the use of unprocessed biomass fuels for cooking, release of poorly treated petrochemical effluents into water bodies, and so on. Related public health effects included the occurrence of respiratory, cardiovascular abnormalities, and so on. Others included destruction of natural biodiversity in soil, water, and atmospheric environmental media. Health risk assessments also buttressed the occurrence of these public health effects of PAHs. In SSA, the region is exposed to a substantial amount of PAHs pollution which is associated with deleterious environmental and epidemiological effects. The adoption of healthier forms of energy, a change of attitude to one that favors environmental sustainability, and proper enforcement of environmental regulations are, however, necessary for attaining environmental sanity in SSA.
An Asynchronous Approach to Teaching Campaigns Online
Authors: Mundel Juan
Published: April 2021

As a result of the stay-at-home mandates related to Covid-19 across the world, higher education institutions scrambled to move their curricula online. With no clear guidelines on when face-to-face (F2F) instruction will resume on campuses across the nation, this article can be a helpful guide for educators who teach, or are planning on teaching, Advertising Campaigns online. Specifically, an online asynchronous approach to teaching this fundamental course is described. Furthermore, this article provides an overview of the materials used and reviews alternative strategies to accomplish meaningful learning opportunities through the web.
Does a failed DRIL mean the end for a fistula? A case report in the use of an Amplatzer plug post DRIL procedure for ongoing steal syndrome
Authors: Fitzpatrick Gemma , Kiely Philip , Jeong Bora , Macaulay Ewan
Published: April 2021

Dialysis access steal syndrome is a well-recognised complication, affecting 1%–8% of all patients who undergo arteriovenous fistula formation particularly those that are brachial based. We present a case of ongoing steal syndrome following a DRIL procedure via retrograde flow in the ulnar artery. This was managed via a hybrid procedure and the use of an Amplatzer plug. This case demonstrates a novel use for the Amplatzer occlusion device, it is also a reminder that failure to occlude the vessel close to the fistula anastomosis can result in continued steal despite a functioning DRIL bypass.
Arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis: Brief review and current problems
Authors: Manov John J , Mohan Prasoon P , Vazquez-Padron Roberto
Published: April 2021

The number of people worldwide living with end-stage renal disease is increasing. Arteriovenous fistulas are the preferred method of vascular access in patients who will require hemodialysis. As the number of patients with arteriovenous fistulas grows, the role of physicians who intervene who maintain and salvage these fistulas will grow in importance. This review aims to familiarize practitioners with the rationale for arteriovenous fistula creation, the detection of fistula dysfunction, and the state of the art on fistula maintenance and preservation. Current controversies are briefly reviewed.
Effect of water absorption on mechanical and tribological properties of Indian ramie/epoxy composites
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Ul Haq Mir I , Sharma Sanjay M , Raina Ankush , Anand Ankush
Published: April 2021

In the present work, the water absorption behaviour of Indian ramie/epoxy composites and its effect on mechanical and tribological behaviour have been investigated. The composites fabricated using the hand layup technique were immersed in distilled water at room temperature for water absorption test for a period of 120 days. Mechanical and tribological properties were evaluated for composites with 30 wt.% ramie fibre loading. The results obtained were compared with that of the dry specimen. Mechanical properties including tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness were evaluated. A reduction of 16.85%, 13.63%, 21.02% and 3.33% in tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness was observed after the water immersion, respectively. Friction and wear behaviour was also investigated for water immersed specimen. Frictional coefficient decreased for the developed composites and wear performance reduced after the water absorption test. Fractured surfaces post to mechanical testing and worn out surfaces of tribological test samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The weakening of fibre–matrix interface was observed in the scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which appears to be the main cause for the degradation of properties.
The algorithmic fix: Location intelligence, placemaking, and predictable futures
Authors: Özkul Didem
Published: April 2021

With this article, I introduce the ‘algorithmic fix’ as a framework to analyze contemporary placemaking practices. I discuss how algorithmic practices of placemaking govern and control mobilities. I theorize such practices as the ‘algorithmic fix’, where location determination technologies, data practices, and machine learning algorithms are used together to ‘get a fix on’ our whereabouts with the aim of sorting and classifying both people and places. Through a case study of location intelligence, I demonstrate how these digital placemaking practices do not only control and prevent physical mobilities – they are designed to fix who we are and whom we may become with the aim of creating a predictable future. I focus on geo-profiling, geo-fencing, and predictive policing as three key aspects of location intelligence to present a discussion of how ‘algorithmic fix’ as a framework can provide valuable insights to analyzing contemporary placemaking practices.
Theorizing the forensic gaze and the CSI shot in the multimodal ensemble of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2002–2015)
Authors: Elyamany Nashwa
Published: April 2021

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation ( (2002–2015) CBS, Alliance Atlantis Communications, CBS Paramount Network Television, Jerry Bruckheimer Television.) marks a paradigm shift in the post-9/11 forensic visual culture, ostensibly presenting physical evidence as a system of surveillance and control; the team of criminalists as ideologically complicit with state power; and high-tech forensic gadgetry as infallible and conducive to the culprit. In the melodramatic narrative strands, sophisticated plotlines, and spectacular performances of forensic science, CSI heavily rests on a novel and meticulously elaborated aesthetics that redefines the conception of gaze and camera shot in the weaving of episodes across the different seasons. A more nuanced comprehension of CSI’s visual forensic discourse is, therefore, necessitated to fully understand the cultural significance of these offerings. To this end, extending the work of Kress and Van Leuween on the systems of gaze and social distance in light of the Foucauldian and post-panoptic views on power and control, the article introduces fine-grained taxonomies of the forensic gaze and camera shot as fundamental aesthetics closely tied to post-9/11 extensive surveillance discourse. Resituating CSI in the broader context of the post-panopticon, the study argues that the drama series operates in a hybrid surveillance mode that surpasses conventional readings of panopticism, straddling the line between the physical and the digital in the contemporary age.
Examining the association between perceived neighbourhood safety and health services utilization: A cross-sectional study among older adults in the United States of America
Authors: Grinshteyn Erin G
Published: April 2021

Objective

To assess the association between perceived neighbourhood safety and health services use among older adults.

Methods

The Health and Retirement Study was used to assess the association of perceived neighbourhood safety with inpatient hospital utilization, contact with a physician, home health use, and any health services utilization in the United States of America (n = 10,844). Logistic regression models were used, while controlling for a large number of potential confounders.

Results

The odds of any contact with a physician were greater among those who perceived their neighbourhood safety to be excellent (odds ratio (OR): 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20, 2.72) or very good (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.32) compared with those who perceived their neighbourhood safety as fair or poor, controlling for all model covariates. The odds of any health services utilization were greater among those who perceived their neighbourhood safety to be excellent (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.00) or very good (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.50) compared with those who perceived their neighbourhood safety as fair or poor controlling for all other model covariates. The odds of inpatient care were higher among those who perceived their neighbourhood to be excellent compared with those who compared their neighbourhood to be fair/poor (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.48). Results were not statistically significant for home health utilization.

Conclusions

These analyses show a relationship between perceived neighbourhood safety and contact with a physician and any health services utilization among older adults and a weaker relationship between perceived neighbourhood safety and inpatient services. Future research should continue to examine this relationship between perceived neighbourhood safety and health services utilization among older adults.
Performance of the AUB-HAS2 Cardiovascular Risk Index in vascular surgery patients
Authors: Msheik Ahmad , Kaspar Chris , Mailhac Aurelie , Hoballah Jamal J , Tamim Hani , Dakik Habib A
Published: April 2021

The American University of Beirut (AUB)-HAS2 risk index is a recently published tool for preoperative cardiovascular evaluation. It is based on six data elements: history of Heart disease, symptoms of Heart disease (angina or dyspnea), Age ⩾ 75 years, Anemia (hemoglobin < 12 mg/dL), emergency Surgery, and vascular Surgery. This study analyzes the performance of a modified AUB-HAS2 index (excluding the vascular surgery element) in a broad spectrum of vascular surgery procedures. The study population consisted of 90,476 vascular surgeries registered in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The performance of the AUB-HAS2 index was studied in seven groups: carotid endarterectomy (CEA), open abdominal aortic aneurysm surgical repair (OAAA), endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, supra-inguinal bypass, infra-inguinal bypass, lower extremity thrombo-endarterectomy, and lower extremity angioplasty. The outcome measure was death, myocardial infarction, or stroke at 30 days after surgery. Each patient was given an AUB-HAS2 score of 0, 1, 2, or > 2 depending on the number of data elements s/he has. The AUB-HAS2 index was able to stratify risk in the majority of patients into low (< 3%, score 0), intermediate (3–10%, score 1–2), and high (> 10%, score > 2) ( p < 0.0001). The receiver operating curve had an area of 0.71 in the overall group and it ranged from 0.60 in CEA patients to 0.75 in OAAA patients. In conclusion, the AUB-HAS2 index is a simple tool that can quickly and effectively stratify the risk of patients undergoing a broad spectrum of vascular surgeries into low, intermediate, and high.
‘I am not beholden to anyone… I consider myself to be an officer of the court’: A comparison of the intermediary role in England and Wales and Northern Ireland
Authors: Taggart John
Published: April 2021

Intermediaries were first introduced by the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999) to facilitate communication between individuals with communication needs and the criminal justice system. Yet, despite increased academic attention into this new criminal justice actor, the content of the role remains unclear. Findings from 31 interviews with intermediaries in England and Wales and Northern Ireland as well as judges in Northern Ireland indicate that two distinct systems of intermediaries have emerged between the jurisdictions. The picture is complicated by an inequality in intermediary provision between witnesses and defendants. In England and Wales, the statutory intermediary scheme covers only witnesses whereas the ‘unitary’ system in Northern Ireland covers both witnesses and defendants. Drawing on the data collected, this article highlights key themes which underpin differences in intermediary practice and suggests that lessons can be learned in how we conceptualise the role and its work.
Silicon surface assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis
Authors: Grechnikov Alexander A , Borodkov Alexey S , Simanovsky Yaroslav O , Nikiforov Sergey M
Published: April 2021

The approach to quantitative analysis by silicon Surface Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Si-SALDI) is proposed. The approach is based on the new method for forming an active surface layer on a silicon substrate by exposing to laser radiation directly in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The method can be used repeatedly on the same substrate, providing high reproducibility of its surface ionization properties and high ionization efficiency of organic compounds. Within the proposed approach, the methods of improvement of signal reproducibility are also considered, including continuous monitoring of the silicon surface ionization properties using a Knudsen effusion cell; scanning the surface of a silicon substrate with a laser beam; selecting the optimal value of laser fluence and using a reproducible sample introduction technique. It is demonstrated that this approach can be successfully applied to quantify clinically relevant concentrations of pharmaceutical drugs in extracts of blood.
Educational support in an Expanded Learning Time initiative: Optimizing its components to promote inclusive education
Authors: Jardí Andrea , Acquah Emmanuel O. , Ianos Maria Adelina , Puigdellívol Ignasi
Published: April 2021

Expanded Learning Time (ELT) measures have been implemented internationally to reduce the likelihood of academic underachievement among students at risk. The goal of this article is to examine the components of an ELT initiative aimed at supporting students at risk of academic failure in order to optimize the components that can improve its use and organization. Through a mixed method research approach, we have analyzed the experiences of 1,786 5th through 10th graders, 238 teachers and 126 instructors of a city-wide after-school initiative in Spain. This within-group study examines the design of the support, the environment, and the interactions between stakeholders as key components to optimize this support and promote equity. The results show which support components are related to greater support use. The results also suggest understanding these measures as additional support placed within an enriched support network. Implications for practice, research and policy towards this type of initiative are also discussed.
A novel T-shaped sensor cluster for acoustic source localization
Authors: Gao Qiang , Jeon Jun Young , Park Gyuhae , Shen Yunde , Xiang Jiawei
Published: April 2021

This study proposes a new sensor cluster configuration for localizing an acoustic source in a plate using uniform linear array beamforming and T-shaped sensor clusters. This technique requires neither the properties of the plate material nor a dense array of sensors to find the direction of arrival of the acoustic source. It functions by placing four sensors in a cluster in the shape of the letter “‘T” over a small region of the plate. Uniform linear array beamforming-based source localization is carried out by the constructive interference of different sensor signals. However, this approach has the disadvantage of a very low resolution when the direction of arrival approaches certain values. The L-shaped sensor clusters use the information from the time difference of arrival between the sensors to estimate the direction of arrival, which has a high resolution in all directions except for the direction that is very close to vertical to the cluster. In this study, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that the proposed T-shaped sensor cluster can accurately localize the acoustic source with no blind area. We also detail its superior performance compared to both uniform linear array beamforming and L-shaped clusters. In the experimental investigation, the maximum deviation of impact source localization was reduced significantly, from 54° to 4° for an aluminum plate, and from 42° to 3° for a composite plate. Furthermore, this novel combined sensor array layout requires only a few sensors, which can significantly reduce the cost of structural health monitoring practice.
Does Federalism Prevent Democratic Accountability? Assigning Responsibility for Rates of COVID-19 Testing
Authors: Kennedy John , Sayers Anthony , Alcantara Christopher
Published: April 2021

Does federalism prevent citizens from holding governments accountable for their actions? The pandemic represents the ideal scenario for testing the effects of federalism on democratic accountability because citizens are highly motivated to hold governments accountable for preventing or failing to prevent the rapid transmission of the virus. Previous research suggests that a number of institutional and political factors complicate the accountability function in federal systems. We add to this literature by assessing the effect of one political factor, exclusivity (measured in terms of policy variation at one level), on accountability. The coronavirus pandemic provides a unique opportunity to assess this factor given the high levels of issue saliency, media attention, and low levels of intergovernmental and interparty conflict it has generated. Drawing on original data from the May 2020 Democratic Checkup Survey and public data from the Canadian National Microbiology Laboratory, our preliminary findings suggest that interprovincial policy variation with respect to coronavirus testing is not correlated with public assessments of the adequacy of provincial testing, and so it seems that Canadians are not able to assign responsibility to the correct level of government despite ideal conditions for doing so.
Theoretical prediction and experimental characterization of radiative properties and thermal conductivities of fibrous aramid fabrics
Authors: Zhu FL , Li Yonggui
Published: April 2021

Nonwoven aramid fabric is widely used as thermal barrier of fireproofing clothing due to its inherent flame retardancy and light weight. In fire or high temperature scenario, radiative heat transfer becomes the predominant heat transfer mode inside firefighters’ clothing. In this work, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was adopted to measure the spectral transmittance and spectral extinction coefficients of four aramid fabrics with different porosity in infrared wavelength range between 2.5 and 25 μm. It was found that the radiative properties of fibrous aramid fabric are strongly dependent on its bulk density or porosity. The spectral extinction coefficient decreases with increasing porosity or decreasing bulk density. The infrared optical properties combined with infrared imaging measurements demonstrate that aramid fabric may be used as infrared semi-transparent textile. A predicted model, combined the effects of conduction-radiation heat transfer, has been developed to calculate the effective thermal conductivity of aramid fiber materials. The model implemented the Rosseland diffusion approximation to evaluate radiative thermal conductivity, and the Parallel-Series structural model to evaluate tortuosity-weighted phonic thermal conductivity. The predicted results were also compared with experimental data obtained from TPS method. This work provides useful information for future studies of heat transfer mathematical modeling of firefighters’ clothing.
The Policy Polarization of Party Activists in the United States
Authors: Collitt Samuel , Highton Benjamin
Published: April 2021

This article investigates how a key stratum of the partisan elite—party activists—have been positioned across time and policy issues. We examine the extent to which activists have polarized symmetrically or asymmetrically and find that only on the issue of abortion has one party’s activists (Republicans) polarized notably more than the other’s. The article also analyzes party activist proximity to the mass public’s policy preferences and finds that Democrats are consistently closer to the public on economic issues, and Republicans are consistently closer on a subset of non-economic issues. Our findings suggest the need for more nuanced theories of party activism and polarization along with providing a useful lens through which to view party electoral competition.
Individualized and Phase-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Early Onset Pure Dysthymic Syndrome in an Outpatient with Mixed Personality Features
Authors: Adams Shane W.
Published: April 2021

Chronic forms of depression often share many features with personality dysfunction and can be difficult to treat using traditional psychotherapies. To help improve treatment outcomes, individualized psychotherapies based on the individual’s specific problems and preferences that target interpersonal issues and have a longer duration of treatment have been recommended. The current case study follows a man diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) and mixed personality features over the course of treatment that used an individualized and phase-based approach. An individualized and extended form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that shared similarities with cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) was implemented to address the potential influence of early adverse life events, dysfunctional ways of thinking about the self and others that leads to increased depressed mood, and the influence of interpersonal situations in and outside the therapeutic relationship. Therapy was conducted in three phases (1. Psychoeducation/introduction to CBT; 2. modified CBT for insomnia and behavioral activation; 3. cognitive restructuring) during 32 weekly sessions over a period of nearly 11 months. Standardized measures administered over the course of treatment indicated significant reductions in depressive symptoms and improvements in self-efficacy. Qualitative reports from the client indicated improved satisfaction and quality of life as well as improved quality of relationships.
Smartphone Application for Measuring Community Participation in Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wen Pey-Shan , Mackey Jordan , Rose Dorian , Waid-Ebbs J. Kay
Published: April 2021

The goal in the rehabilitation of veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is to improve community participation. A tool that can objectively measure community participation is lacking. The aims of this study are to evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone application (app) called MOVES to objectively measure community participation; and compare MOVES with a self-report questionnaire, and differences between veterans with mTBI and civilians without TBI. It is a 6-week parallel observational study, which included seven veterans with blast-related mTBI and five civilians without TBI. The measures include MOVES, Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools–Objective (self-report participation measure), Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Perceived Accuracy Daily Logs. Participants were mostly satisfied using the MOVES app with 75% retention rate. Perceived accuracy of the MOVES app was 90%, while the two groups showed similar discrepancies between the PART-O and the MOVES (52% vs. 53%). The MOVES app is a feasible option to objectively measure community participation. Self-report was discrepant from the MOVES app for both groups.
Depressive Symptoms Among Hispanic Adolescents and Effect on Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Anderson Cheryl Ann , Ruiz Jocelyn
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Hispanics have the highest birth rate among adolescents and may be vulnerable to experience depression. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of perinatal depression and effects upon neonatal outcomes among Hispanic adolescents 13–19 years old.

Methods:

Available data from a previously conducted study examining the prevalence of adolescent depression and post-traumatic stress were used for the current secondary analysis. Perinatal data reflected a rating of prenatal depression and scores from the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Adverse infant outcomes included preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal complications.

Results:

Over 20% of adolescents reported an adverse infant outcome. About one third of adolescents reported perinatal depression: prenatally (14%) and postnatally (14% minor depression/12.7% major depression). Significant associations were found between EPDS scores, gestational age, and feelings during pregnancy; however, perinatal depression was not found to predict adverse infant outcomes.

Conclusion:

Prenatally depressed adolescents are vulnerable to postpartum depression and if experience an adverse infant outcome, postpartum depression may be more likely reported. Therefore, prenatal- and afterbirth-focused assessments and care, including plans for follow-up, are essential.
Are Female CEOs Really More Risk Averse? Examining Economic Downturn and Other-Orientation
Authors: Shropshire Christine , Peterson Suzanne , Bartels Amy L. , Amanatullah Emily T. , Lee Peggy M.
Published: April 2021

Scholars and practitioners have offered anecdotal evidence that firms led by female chief executive officers (CEOs) fare better during global recession, perhaps because they take fewer risks. In contrast to commonly held stereotypes that women are more risk averse than men, neither systemic theorizing nor empirical findings support that this popular assumption holds among top organizational leadership. Rather than seeking absolute gender differences in risk aversion, we take a more nuanced approach, considering executive job demands and decision orientation theories to examine underlying psychological mechanisms and economic boundary conditions to gender differences in strategic risk-taking. We test our hypotheses using multiple methods and samples, including an archival study of Fortune 1,000 firms and a survey of CEOs. Our results challenge absolute assumptions of gender risk preferences; rather, we find that female CEOs are less likely to choose risky strategies in a high job demands environment (e.g., economic downturn) due to underlying gender differences in other-orientation.