bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blei im Eichenholz vom Autobahnrand
Authors: Wickern Manfred , Breckle Siegmar‐W.
Published: March 2023

Die weltweite Verwendung von Bleialkylen in Motortreibstoffen seit 1923 führte bis heute insgesamt zu einer mittleren Blei‐Immission von 20 mg·m−2 auf der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Die höchsten Bleibelastungen durch den Verkehr treten in Straßennähe auf. Anhand von Bohrkernen aus Eichen (Quercus robur L.) und anderen Bäumen wurde untersucht, ob die Bleigehalte von Jahresringen die Blei‐Immission am Baumstandort widerspiegeln. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf die gesenkte Blei‐Emission infolge der Benzinbleigesetze von 1972 und 1976 gelegt. Bei der Untersuchung wurden einzelne Jahresringe nach ihrer dendrochronologischen Zuordnung mit Hilfe der AAS‐Graphitrohrtechnik auf ihren Bleigehalt analysiert. Es erwies sich, daß nicht alle Baumarten für diese Untersuchungen geeignet waren. Bei Eiche ließ sich am besten die Bleizunahme seit 1955 im Holz erkennen. Sie ergab bis 1972 eine stark positive, ab 1972 (erstes Benzinbleigesetz) aber keine Korrelation mehr mit den steigenden Verkehrszahlen. Die Auswirkungen der Benzinbleigesetze sind erkennbar.

Die Jahrringe der Eiche geben, mit gewissen Einschränkungen, Aufschluß über die Historie der Blei‐Immission an ihrem Standort. Nach unseren Untersuchungen und nach Auswertung der Literatur sind für dendrochronologische Analytik zur Herleitung von Belastungsfaktoren nur ringporige, kernholzbildende Hölzer geeignet.
Einfluß verschiedener N‐Düngungssysteme auf den endogenen Gehalt an Cytokininen und Gibberellinen und die Ertragsbildung von Weizen
Authors: Hanus H. , Müller R.
Published: March 2023

Durch unterschiedliche N‐Mengen und Applikationszeitpunkte wurde die vegetative Entwicklung der Weizenbestände sowie die Ausbildung der generatiyen Ertragsorgane erheblich verändert. Parallel hierzu konnten auch veränderte Gehalte an Cytokininen und Gibberellinen fesrgestellt werden. Allerdings zeigte sich, daß nur N‐Gaben während der vegetativen Phase die Hormongehalte nachhaltig beeinflußten und zwar sowohl in den vegetativen Pflanzenteilen als auch spärer in den Ähren. Eine N‐Düngung zum Zeitpunkt des Ährenschiebens veränderte dagegen die Hormongehalte nicht, obwohl von ihr ebenfalls eine Wirkung auf die Ertragsleistung ausging. Eine direkte Beziehung zwischen den Hormongehalten und dem Verlauf der Trockensubstanzzunahme in Trieben und Ähren konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden, dagegen korrelierten die relativen Veränderungen der Hormongehalte mit den relativen Zunahmen der Trockensubstanz
Die Flechtenflora der Mödlinger Klause einst und jetzt (Niederösterreich)
Authors: Poelt J. , Mayrhofer H.
Published: March 2023

Die Flechtenflora der Dolomit‐Felshänge beiderseits der Mödlinger Klause ist in den Jahren 1856–1868 zum ersten und im Jahre 1984 ein zweites Mal erfaßSt worden. Sie hat sich in den rund 120 Jahren kaum verändert im Gegensatz zur Rindenflechtenflora, die nach Ausweis der alten Angaben und rezenter Beobachtungen stark verarmt ist und deutliche Zeichen von Schädigungen zeigt.

Für das Gebiet der Klause sind an Flechten auf Dolomitgestein, sowie auf Erde und Moosen iiber Dolomit bisher 82 Taxa beobachtet worden, nicht eingerechnet die meist nur in fragmentarischen Individuen auftretende Gattung Collema, die meisten Verrucariaceen sowie einige schwer deutbare Namen der alten Literatur. Einige der 1984 aufgefundenen Flechten sind iiber das lokale Interesse hinaus bemerkenswert; Catillaria scotina und Dermatocarpon leptophyllum sind neu fiir die Alpen, Caloplaca atra ined. ist eine vermutlich unbeschriebene, ganz iiberwiegend sterile Art.

Die Flechtenfloren von Kalk‐ und Dolomitgesteinen weichen nicht unwesentlich voneinander ab, wurden aber bisher zu wenig vergleichend studiert. Auf Dolomit treten Z. B. einige Arten auf, die sich sonst auf kalkarmen Silikaten finden.
Die Ultrastruktur der Sklerotienentwicklung von Typhula incarnata
Authors: Metzler Berthold
Published: March 2023

Die Sklerotien von Typhula incarnata sind aus einer einschichtigen pseudoparenchymatischen Rinde und einer plectenchymatischen Medulla aufgebaut. Die Differenzierung verschiedener Zellwandtypen wurde detailliert mit TEM‐Untersuchungen verfolgt. Bemerkenswert sind besonders die schrittweise Einlagerung von melaninartiger Substanz in die Cuticula, welche als einzige Sklerotialstruktur von Trichoderma viride nicht abgebaut werden kann. Ferner wurden in den Medullazellen bisher unbekannte linsenförmige Zellwandappositionen gefunden, die wohl als Kohlehydratspeicher für die karpogene Keimung dienen.
Keimung phragmobasidialer Brandpilze*
Authors: Deml Günther
Published: March 2023

Die Keimung frisch gesammelter oder tiefgefrorener Teliosporen von Arten der Gattungen Anthracoidea, Microbotryum, Sphacelotheca, Sporisorium und Ustilago wurde untersucht und die Morphologie der Basidien, die Bildung der Basidiosporen und das Kernverhalten miteinander verglichen.

Während die Basidiosporen bei Brandpilzen monocotyler Wirte an sterigmenähnlichen Auswüchsen der Basidien gebildet werden, entstehen sie bei Arten, die dicotyle Pflanzen befallen, sitzend.

Für die Brandpilzaufsammlungen danke ich allen, die Belege zur Verfügung stellten. Danken möchte ich Frau A. Fuss für die Durchführung der verschiedenen Keimungsversuche. Die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützte diese Arbeit durch eine Sachbeihilfe.
Pflanzenleben unter anaeroben Umweltbedingungen, die physikalischen Grundlagen und anatomischen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Grosse W. , Schröder P.
Published: March 2023

Die Sauerstoffversorgung bei Pflanzen, deren Wurzeln und Rhizome im anaeroben Sediment der Gewässer oder in den überschwemmten, O2‐armen Böden des Bruchwaldes wachsen, erfordern besondere anatomische Anpassungen. Die Auflockerung der Wurzelgewebe bei Schwarzerlen oder die Ausdifferenzierung eines Aerenchyms bei Wasserpflanzen ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, durch erleichterte Gaswegigkeit im Innern der Pflanze die Zufuhr von O2 von den luftexponierten Organen her zu ermöglichen.

Eine Unterdruckbildung im Bereich der atmenden Gewebe, die auf der gegenüber O2 höheren Löslichkeit des CO2 in Wasser beruht, kann einen Massenstrom von Luft durch das Pflanzeninnere erzeugen, der die reine diffusive O2‐Zufuhr überlagert.

Wasserpflanzen des Schwimmblattgürtels wie Nuphar lutea und N. advenum (Nymphaeaceae), Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae) und Nymphoides peltata (Menyanthaceae), aber auch Alnus glutinosa als Leitform des Bruchwaldes, bei denen der Sauerstoff große Distanzen zurücklegen muß, um zum Ort des Verbrauchs zu gelangen, verstärken diesen Luftstrom durch Überdruckbildung in den luftexponierten Organen.

Die Ausdifferenzierung einer Gewebeschicht mit Interzellularendurchmessern in der Größenordnung der „mittleren freien Weglänge” der O2‐Moleküle befähigt sie, bei Ausbildung einer Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Pflanzeninnern und der Atmosphäre, zur Thermoosmose. Dabei tritt Luft entlang eines ansteigenden Temperaturgradienten in die Pflanze ein, um anschließend aufgrund eines entstehenden Überdrucks durch die Pflanze hindurchgedrückt zu werden. Dieser Luftstrom hält an, solange die Pflanze durch Aufnahme von Licht‐ oder Wärmeenergie die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen ihrem Innern mit höherer Temperatur und der umgebenden Luft aufrecht erhalten kann. Durch Ausnutzung dieses, als Knudseneffekt bekannten physikalischen Vorgangs, wird die O2‐Versorgung der heterotrophen, submers wachsenden Organe beträchtlich verbessert.

Die Fähigkeit zur thermoosmotischen O2‐Versorgung ist in systematisch sehr wenig verwandten Pflanzenfamilien entwickelt worden. Der Erwerb dieser Fähigkeit muß deshalb als Anpassung an die durch Sauerstoffmangel im Boden charakterisierten Biotope angesehen werden und besitzt große ökologische Bedeutung. Diese Pflanzen haben sich mit der Fähigkeit zum thermoosmotischen Gastransport die Möglichkeit geschaffen, ökologische Nischen, wie sie anaerobe Böden darstellen, auf Dauer zu besiedeln. Es kann deshalb erwartet werden, daß noch weitere Pflanzenarten, die diese oder ähnliche Biotope besiedeln, mit Hilfe von thermoosmotischen Gastransport die O2‐Versorgung ihrer, in anaerobem Milieu wachsenden Organe verbessern.
Skandinavische Mitglieder in den ersten 50 Jahren des Bestehens der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, ihre wissenschaftliche Bedeutung und Interaktion mit deutschen Fachkollegen
Authors: Scheele Irmtraut
Published: March 2023

Insgesamt gehörten in den ersten fünfzig Jahren ihres Bestehens ca. 60 Mitglieder aus skandinavischen Ländern der DBG an, wobei der Anteil der schwedischen Botaniker sowohl unter den korrespondierenden als auch unter den ordentlichen Mitgliedern besonders groß ist.

Wie sehr man die meisten dieser Kollegen aus den nordischen Ländern schätzte, geht auch daraus hervor, daß man auch ihnen in den „Berichten der DBG” anläßlich hoher Geburtstage sogenannte Grußadressen widmete, so z. B. zum 70. den Schweden Dahlgren, Arrhenius und Nathorst, dem Finnen Collander und dem Dänen Warming111).

Für fast alle erwähnten skandinavischen Botaniker gilt, daß ihre wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zu deutschen Fachkollegen bereits seit längerer oder kürzerer Zeit bestanden, bevor sie für eine der Mitgliedskategorien vorgeschlagen wurden. Oft wurden auf Studienreisen zu führenden deutschen Botanikern, besonders im letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts, die ersten persönlichen Kontakte hergestellt. Wegen der international führenden Rolle experimenteller Pflanzenphysiologen aus der Schule von Sachs bemühten sich skandinavische Botaniker um einen Arbeitsplatz in ihrem Praktikum. Die größte Anziehungskraft übte dabei Pfeffer aus, zunächst in Tübingen, später in Leipzig. Neben der Physiologie interessierten zunächst vor allem die Pflanzenanatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte, später die Zellforschung von Strasburger und die Genetik in der Schule von Baur. Als Anwendungsfach war die Mykologie, die am besten bei de Bary in Straßburg gelehrt wurde, attraktiv, weil die Bekämpfung der Parasiten unter den Pilzen zunehmende Bedeutung erlangte. Manche neuartigen botanischen Einrichtungen an Hochschulen und Forschungsinstituten in Skandinavien sind ohne das deutsche Vorbild historisch nicht zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag steht deshalb im Zusammenhang mit einem bislang von der „Stiftung Volkswagenwerk” geförderten Forschungsvorhaben zur Geschichte der besonders auf biologischem Gebiet bedeutsamen deutschskandinavischen Wissenschaftsbeziehungen. Viele Aufschlüsse über Ausmaß und Intensität dieses gegenseitigen Gebens und Nehmens dürften gerade aus den persönlich gehaltenen Briefwechseln112) zu erwarten sein. Im Interesse einer auch für die Gegenwart wertvollen Vertiefung des wissenschaftlichen Austausches zwischen den deutschen und nordischen Biologen nehme ich gerne Hinweise auf Briefe und andere autobiographische Quellen zum Thema entgegen.
Association of adiposity indices with prehypertension among Chinese adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xiao Mengyuan , Chen Chaolei , Wang Jiabin , Cai Anping , Zhou Dan , Liu Guangyan , Feng Yingqing
Published: March 2023

The association of adiposity indices with prehypertension remains unclear in the Chinese non‐hypertensive population. This study aimed to compare the association of adiposity indices, including waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), and conicity index (CI), and prehypertension in the Chinese population. We recruited 61 475 participants from a population‐based screening project in Guangdong province, China. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to detect the association between the six adiposity indices and prehypertension. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive values of adiposity indices to prehypertension. The individuals were divided into two categories by blood pressure (BP) levels: normotension (<120/80 mmHg) and prehypertension (120–139/80–89 mmHg). A total of 33 233 people had prehypertension, with a prevalence of 54.04% and 42% males. Both logistics regression models presented a positive association between each adiposity index and prehypertension (p < .05), except for ABSI. The body mass index (BMI) was slightly more correlated with prehypertension than any other index. The standardized ORs for the six indices were 1.392, 1.361, 1.406, 1.039, 1.372, and 1.151, respectively. Compared to other adiposity indices, the WC had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) for predicting prehypertension (AUC: .619, sensitivity: 57%, specificity: 60.6%). In conclusion, WC and BMI might be the best indicators for prehypertension. Increasing evidence supports avoiding obesity as a preferred primary prevention strategy for prehypertension while controlling other major hypertension risk factors.
Employee‐CSR Tensions: Drivers of Employee (Dis)Engagement with Contested CSR Initiatives
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Sharma Garima , Glavas Ante
Published: March 2023

Firms face mounting pressure to implement organization‐wide CSR initiatives in order to address social issues such as climate change, poverty alleviation, and inequality. Such efforts hinge on the engagement of employees throughout the organization. Yet, involving more employees in CSR, as well as the magnitude of organizational change required to address pressing social issues, are likely to trigger employee‐CSR (E‐CSR) tensions, i.e., tensions between employees' personal preferences for organizational CSR initiatives and their perceptions of the actual organizational CSR initiatives. While prior research on micro‐CSR has identified a range of employee engagement with CSR, it does not explain employees' CSR (dis)engagement when they experience E‐CSR tensions. We draw on the literature on individuals' responses to paradoxical tensions to unpack how and why employees who experience E‐CSR tensions (dis)engage differently with CSR initiatives. We develop a conceptual framework around the interplay of three drivers (type of tension, cognition, and organizational situatedness) to explain the employee response to E‐CSR tensions in terms of different types of (dis)engagement with CSR initiatives. We contribute to the micro‐CSR literature by explaining how and why employees (dis)engage differently with CSR initiatives with which they disagree, and to the microfoundations of paradox by challenging the dominant association between both/and thinking and generative outcomes vs either/or thinking and detrimental outcomes.
Trends in Sexual Risk Behavioral Responses among High School Students between Mississippi and the United States: 2001 to 2019 YRBSS
Authors: Risley Carolann , Douglas Kimberly , Karimi Masoumeh , Brumfield Jennifer , Gartrell Gordon , Vargas Rodolfo , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Early sexual reproductive health (SRH) education is linked to a reduction in risky sexual behaviors. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are rising at alarming rates. Risky sexual behaviors, including initiation of sex before age 13, having more than four sexual partners, and lack of use of condoms, increase the chance of infection and cancer. Informing students about the link between risky behaviors and cancer is vital to reduce morbidity and mortality.

METHODS

A trend analysis of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data between 2001 and 2019 was conducted. Results from four survey responses related to sexual risk behaviors among 9th to 12th grade in Mississippi students are compared with their US peers.

RESULTS

Between 2001 and 2019, favorable declines in 3 out of 4 sexual risk behaviors were observed. Declining prevalence was reported for “ever had sexual intercourse,” “age of sexual initiation at age 13 or younger,” and “having 4 or more sexual partners in their lifetime” are promising. However, fewer students report using condoms. The adjusted prevalence rates for Mississippi students in all 4 measures were higher than the national responses.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis supports the need for early skill‐based sex education to promote health. States with increased behavioral risk among students should consider trends in data to improve education and policy.
Echocardiographic values for normal conditioned and unconditioned North American whippets
Authors: Stepien Rebecca L. , Kellihan Heidi B. , Visser Lance C. , Wenholz Lisa , Luis Fuentes Virginia
Published: March 2023

Background

Echocardiographic reference intervals have not been reported for North American whippets, or for whippets that have undergone pet‐level athletic training.

Objectives

To develop normal echocardiographic reference intervals for North American whippets and investigate differences in echocardiographic parameters based on athletic conditioning in pet whippets engaged in competitive sports.

Animals

One‐hundred healthy North American whippets.

Methods

Dogs were examined at national shows between 2005 and 2009. Echocardiographic reference intervals were constructed and the effect of athletic conditioning on parameters of structure and function was assessed.

Results

Two dimensional, M‐mode, Doppler and tissue Doppler reference ranges for healthy North American whippets are presented. Measures of left ventricular (LV) chamber diameter were larger in conditioned whippets (N = 25) and remained significantly larger than in unconditioned whippets (N = 16) when normalized for weight using allometric equations. Calculated LV mass was higher in conditioned dogs than in unconditioned dogs, and this difference persisted when LV mass was normalized by weight. Mitral E velocity was higher in conditioned dogs than in unconditioned dogs, whereas E/A and measures related to systolic function were not different.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Pet whippets in peak athletic condition have larger hearts than do less conditioned whippets, but measures of systolic function are similar. Whippet pet athletes may show eccentric LV hypertrophy at peak condition. Normal values for cardiac size and function in North American whippets might be considered abnormal if population‐specific whippet reference intervals are not used in analysis.
Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) winter distribution and core habitats in relation to El Ninõ Southern Oscillation and depth in coastal and oceanic waters off Ecuador
Authors: Denkinger Judith , Eguiguren Ana , Rubianes Francisco , Munõz‐Abril Laia , Onã Javier
Published: March 2023

Southern Pacific humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) breed in subtropical and tropical waters off Peru in the south to Nicaragua in the north. The effect of warming oceans on humpback whale distribution in breeding areas remains unclear. We modeled the spatial distribution of humpback whales off the coast of Ecuador in relation to environmental variables. We analyzed the temporal variability in humpback whale sighting rates (animals/hour) in a subtropical (Manabí, 1996–1999) and tropical (Esmeraldas, 2001–2019) breeding ground. At the regional scale, we found humpback whale presence was more likely in shallow waters over the continental shelf. Esmeraldas and Manabí breeding grounds are core wintering habitats with most humpback whale sightings along Ecuador. Within breeding grounds, individual sighting rates varied between and within years and in relation to local sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa). More animals were sighted in years with cooler waters in the Esmeraldas breeding ground, while the opposite was true in Manabí. Our findings suggest that during ENSO conditions, humpback whales may reach their temperature niche limit in the warm tropical waters near Esmeraldas, while during La Niña conditions, cooler areas such as Peru and Manabi become less suitable, and whales move further north.
Asthma and anxiety development in Australian children and adolescents
Authors: Garcia‐Sanchez Diana , Darssan Darsy , Lawler Sheleigh P. , Warren Christopher M. , De Klerk‐Braasch Adel , Osborne Nicholas J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Evidence has suggested a bidirectional association between both the effects and onset of asthma and anxiety. The direction of this association in children and adolescents is less clear. The study evaluates whether anxiety in children is associated with the development of later asthma or, by contrast, whether asthma in children precedes anxiety.

Methods

Parental reports from 9369 children at two age points (4–5 and 14–15 years old) and from baby (B) (recruited at birth in 2004) and kindergarten (K) (recruited at 4–5 years of age in 2004) cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were analyzed. Asthma cases were defined as reports of doctor‐diagnosed asthma and the use of asthma medication or/and wheezing. Scores of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) defined anxiety.

Results

We found a unidirectional association between asthma in children aged 4–5 years and future anxiety development in weighted generalized linear adjusted models (B cohort OR (CI 95%) = 1.54 (1.14–2.08); K cohort OR (CI 95%) = 1.87 (1.40–2.49)). Children with asthma (no anxiety at 4 years) had a higher prevalence of anxiety in adolescence compared with nonasthmatics (B cohort = 26.8% vs 17.6%: K cohort = 27.7% vs 14.3%). Anxiety in childhood was not associated with the development of asthma from 6 years old to adolescence.

Conclusion

Australian children with asthma have a greater risk of developing anxiety from 6 to 15 years old. This suggests that early multidisciplinary intervention may be required to support children with asthma to either prevent the increased risk of anxiety and/or promote optimal anxiety management.
Woolly hair in tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome
Authors: Perandones‐González Héctor , Rusiñol‐Batlle Lluis , Bosquez David , Brunet‐Llobet Lluis , Ivars Marta , Yubero Délia , Sarig Ofer , Malki Liron , Peled Alon , Sprecher Eli , Baselga Eulalia
Published: March 2023

Tricho‐dento‐osseous syndrome (TDOS) is a rare ectodermal dysplasia caused by mutations in the DLX3 gene and it is not usually included as a cause of syndromic woolly hair. We present a new case of TDOS with a novel DLX3 variant and woolly hair.
Commitment strategies and inventory decisions under supply disruption risk
Authors: Wu Lezhen , Wu Xiaole , Zhou Yu
Published: March 2023

Pandemics, trade frictions, and military conflicts may disrupt manufacturers' production capacity. This paper develops a two‐period supply chain model with supply disruption risk in the second period to investigate inventory decisions and the manufacturer's commitment strategies. We consider three strategies: no commitment, price commitment, and inventory commitment. Inventory holding within the supply chain is investigated under each strategy, and the dominant strategy is determined by comparing them. Distinct results arise due to supply disruption risk. First, the retailer may have two opposite motives for inventory holding: inventory‐building motive and inventory‐shifting motive (i.e., shifting inventory burden to the manufacturer by decreasing order quantity), where the latter is exclusive to situations with supply disruption risk. Price commitment suppresses both motives, and inventory commitment suppresses only inventory shifting. Second, the retailer never holds inventory under price commitment. Under no commitment and inventory commitment, for high (low) holding cost and disruption risk, only the manufacturer (retailer) holds inventory. Furthermore, the manufacturer's inventory may decrease as disruption risk increases. Third, regarding strategy choice, while each strategy can be the dominant choice for the retailer and the supply chain, the manufacturer (weakly) prefers inventory commitment to the other two strategies. However, the implementation of inventory commitment demands high supply chain transparency, as the manufacturer always has an incentive to secretly deviate by holding less inventory. When inventory commitment is infeasible, the price commitment strategy's performance varies compared to no commitment, contrasting with the disruption risk‐free literature where wholesale price commitment never outperforms no commitment.
Do you know to whom you pay your taxes? The case of decentralised Spain
Authors: López‐Laborda Julio , Rodrigo Fernando , Sanz‐Arcega Eduardo
Published: March 2023

Surveys show that most citizens are unable to correctly identify the taxes received or the services provided by the different levels of government. This shortcoming represents an obstacle to democratic accountability and for the efficiency gains that the theory of fiscal federalism attributes to fiscal decentralisation be effective. Exploiting the 2015 wave of the Spanish Institute for Fiscal Studies' Fiscal Barometer, this paper empirically determines the profile of citizens who are best able to identify the allocation of taxes among the central, regional and local levels of government. The estimates suggest that these citizens are those who are able to identify the government that provides the services financed by those taxes, who correctly identify other taxes received by the same government, who reside in a foral region, and who enjoy a high level of education.
High triacylglycerol turnover is required for efficient opening of stomata during heat stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Korte Pamela , Unzner Amelie , Damm Theresa , Berger Susanne , Krischke Markus , Mueller Martin J.
Published: March 2023

Heat stress triggers the accumulation of triacylglycerols in Arabidopsis leaves, which increases basal thermotolerance. However, how triacylglycerol synthesis is linked to thermotolerance remains unclear and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. It has been shown that triacylglycerol and starch degradation are required to provide energy for stomatal opening induced by blue light at dawn. To investigate whether triacylglycerol turnover is involved in heat‐induced stomatal opening during the day, we performed feeding experiments with labeled fatty acids. Heat stress strongly induced both triacylglycerol synthesis and degradation to channel fatty acids destined for peroxisomal ß‐oxidation through the triacylglycerol pool. Analysis of mutants defective in triacylglycerol synthesis or peroxisomal fatty acid uptake revealed that triacylglycerol turnover and fatty acid catabolism are required for heat‐induced stomatal opening in illuminated leaves. We show that triacylglycerol turnover is continuous (1.2 mol% per min) in illuminated leaves even at 22°C. The ß‐oxidation of triacylglycerol‐derived fatty acids generates C2 carbon units that are channeled into the tricarboxylic acid pathway in the light. In addition, carbohydrate catabolism is required to provide oxaloacetate as an acceptor for peroxisomal acetyl‐CoA and maintain the tricarboxylic acid pathway for energy and amino acid production during the day.
Presumptive hemophagocytic syndrome associated with co‐infections with FIV, Toxoplasma gondii, and Candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum in an adult cat
Authors: Fonseca Joana , Silveira João , Faísca Pedro , de Almeida Pedro Morais
Published: March 2023

A 9‐year‐old neutered male cat, previously test‐positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), was presented with an history of vomiting, hyporexia, and weight loss. Panleukopenia was identified on complete blood counts, and bone marrow evaluation revealed ineffective granulocytic hyperplasia and rare neutro‐, erythro‐, and rubriphagocytosis. Prednisolone was initiated with no response, and progression to pancytopenia occurred. On abdominal ultrasonographic examination, splenomegaly was present. PCR testing was positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected (titer 1:2560). Treatment with antibiotics, feline recombinant interferon‐ω, chlorambucil, mycophenolate, and raltegravir was implemented with no clinical improvement, and splenectomy was performed. Cytologic evaluation of splenic aspirates revealed exuberant neutro‐, erythro‐, and rubriphagocytosis. Histopathology of the spleen also showed many erythrophagocytic macrophages with no evidence of malignancy, and a diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) was made. The WBC count and hematocrit reached reference values 1 day and 3 months, respectively, after splenectomy. The cat was treated with cyclosporine and lomustine. Disease progression led to the development of septic hepatitis, and the cat was euthanized. To our knowledge, this is the first case of presumptive HS in cats that might have been associated with FIV, Toxoplasma gondii, and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum co‐infection.
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD OF SEEPAGE AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SAURA-KEFFI EARTH DAM
Authors: Ahmed Saminu , Emmanuel Friday , Nyong Wilson Uwemedimo
Published: March 2023

Finite element method (FEM) based analysis using the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W sub-programme options of a GEOSTUDIO software was used to analyze Saura-Keffi earth dam in Nasarawa State, Nigeria with the view to analyze the dam seepage and its stability. The created dam geometry was assigned material properties and boundary conditions at reservoir water levels of: minimum (3 m), normal (6 m) and maximum (7 m). The analysis was conducted under the cases that the dam was without and with seepage measures (SCM). The results of the analyzed semi-permeable homogenous dam revealed a percentage reduction inseepage flux to 28.3% when the dam was considered with a central core and complete cut-off trench along the dam crest axis. see figure 7. The pore-water (PWP) revealed a decrease in value from (12 to 11.2) kPa at minimum water head with SCM. The PWP further increased by 18.9% as water rises from 6 m to 7m with SCM. The exit gradient showed an insignificant increase in value of 1.2% with the construction of SCM which indicates less flow at the exit end of the dam leading to increase in stability. The horizontal filter drain at the downstream lower and kept the phreatic line within the dam body to allow for adequate embankment and foundation drainage as shown in figure (5&6). The F.S at the maximum water level revealed an increase in value from 1.27 to 1.52 when a horizontal filter was considered. The Morgenstern-priced method of slope stability was used to estimate an acceptable minimum F.S of 1.52 at 0.5 lambda value with the introduction of horizontal filter.
A Cognitive View of Martin Luther
Authors: Tummnino Antonio Cassella
Published: March 2023

The alliance of classical and quantum computing in nature and in Martin Luther’s reading of the Bible may readjust and rejoin religion, philosophy, and science. Luther’s deepest ideas match the vision of the late US Senator Edward Kennedy in seeking the progress of the young, civilization, and the Earth. Their grace may move some heroes/heroines to avert climate crises, the use of Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the premature loss of our grandchildren. Progress may rest on exploring the cognitive roots of Luther’s Reformation. Luther’s bids surpass autistics’ failure to lie by linking Neanderthals’ grasp of nature’s nature and of fire half a million years ago, the Yin-Yang symbol, the junction of Moises’s “Thummim” with his “Urim” stone, the Hindu Trimurti, Kali, Solomon’s wisdom, Quetzalcoatl’s going and return voyages in Mesoamerica, Buddha’s last word “appamāda,” Heraclitus’s philosophy, Jesus’s parables, Muhammad’s going from and return to Mecca in one night, Leonardo da Vinci’s art, and the research method of Galileo.
atributos del espacio y la construcción del contexto cultural en la primera infancia
Authors: Quintero López Dayro León
Published: March 2023

Este artículo reflexiona cómo la relación plural entre espacio y cultura interrogan las representaciones y prácticas de niños y niñas. Acude al concepto de producción del espacio presentando la relación trialéctica entre lo concebido, lo apropiado y lo practicado que subyace la construcción de cultura en la primera infancia a través de atributos espaciales. Metodológicamente usó la etnografía escolar para explorar el espacio del decir, el decir en el espacio en Buen Comienzo2. Finalmente, expone recurrencias, discontinuidades y tensiones de los atributos del espacio para la construcción de cultura en la primera infancia.
Combined Radiation and Convection in Developing Flow in a Parallel Plate Channel With Real Gas Behavior: The Case of Gas Cooling
Authors: Pulsipher K. , Webb B. W.
Published: March 2023

The effect of real gas volumetric radiation on the thermal development in laminar parallel plate channel flow of H2O and/or CO2 in the case of gas cooling has been investigated numerically. The nongray radiation effects of the gas have been treated using a global spectral approach, the Spectral Line Weighted-sum-of-gray-gases model. The results reveal that gas radiation results in significantly higher total heat transfer to the cooled channel wall, with an attendant more rapid drop in gas mean temperature. Gas radiation is seen to increase the local convective and total (radiative plus convective) Nusselt number for increasing radiating species mole fraction for both H2O and CO2 and for increasing gas inlet temperature. The influence of gas radiation on the thermal development is less pronounced for CO2 than for H2O. An apparent thermally fully developed condition may exist for this combined convection-radiation problem with real gases in the gas cooling scenario, and radiation has the effect of significantly extending the thermally developing region. Combined hydrodynamic and thermal development yields higher heat transfer than the thermally developing condition. Smaller channel wall spacing results in lower radiative heat transfer and the aforementioned radiation effects are diminished. Local convective and radiative flux and thermal entry length also increase with elevated gas total pressure.
The Yellow Light Problem in a Biological Context
Authors: Eisenkraft Arthur
Published: March 2023

Driving along an unfamiliar road, you see the upcoming light turn from green to yellow. Decision time … do you proceed through the yellow, do you apply the brakes, or do you speed up? The decision is dependent on variables such as the yellow light time, your response time, and your speed. Creating a model for making that decision is an excellent exercise for students in applying their knowledge of kinematics. The yellow light problem was first introduced in operations research and has been reframed in a number of traffic, engineering, and physics papers and curricula. Most recently, I have used the yellow light problem in an introductory physics class for life science majors (IPLS) and had students present “yellow light models” for biological systems. This approach has generated interest, physics relevance for students, and novel insights into biology for me.
Frequency fun lab
Authors: Lincoln James
Published: March 2023

Every year, I look forward to doing my Frequency Fun Lab. This is a kinesthetic experiment in which students get to measure their own maximum rates of frequency in performing a few simple tasks for 20 s. For example, how many times can you snap your fingers in that given time? From these data, they also calculate the period of each effort. In the end, the students learn to work with the units of frequency (cycles per second or hertz) and period (seconds). By graphing their data, they also learn to recognize the inverse relationship between period and frequency. In this paper, I discuss a lab that is fun and effective, involves no cost, requires no equipment, and can be done any time of year or whenever you have an extra 30 or 40 min in your teaching day (including emergency sub plans!).
Blockade of ROS production inhibits oncogenic signaling in acute myeloid leukemia and amplifies response to precision therapies
Authors: Germon Zacary P. , Sillar Jonathan R. , Mannan Abdul , Duchatel Ryan J. , Staudt Dilana , Murray Heather C. , Findlay Izac J. , Jackson Evangeline R. , McEwen Holly P. , Douglas Alicia M. , McLachlan Tabitha , Schjenken John E. , Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Huang Honggang , Melo-Braga Marcella N. , Plank Maximilian W. , Alvaro Frank , Chamberlain Janis , De Iuliis Geoff , Aitken R. John , Nixon Brett , Wei Andrew H. , Enjeti Anoop K. , Huang Yizhou , Lock Richard B. , Larsen Martin R. , Lee Heather , Vaghjiani Vijesh , Cain Jason E. , de Bock Charles E. , Verrills Nicole M. , Dun Matthew D.
Published: March 2023

Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are frequent in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor prognosis. AML is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce cysteine oxidation in redox-sensitive signaling proteins. Here, we sought to characterize the specific pathways affected by ROS in AML by assessing oncogenic signaling in primary AML samples. The oxidation or phosphorylation of signaling proteins that mediate growth and proliferation was increased in samples from patient subtypes with FLT3 mutations. These samples also showed increases in the oxidation of proteins in the ROS-producing Rac/NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) complex. Inhibition of NOX2 increased the apoptosis of FLT3-mutant AML cells in response to FLT3 inhibitors. NOX2 inhibition also reduced the phosphorylation and cysteine oxidation of FLT3 in patient-derived xenograft mouse models, suggesting that decreased oxidative stress reduces the oncogenic signaling of FLT3. In mice grafted with FLT3 mutant AML cells, treatment with a NOX2 inhibitor reduced the number of circulating cancer cells, and combining FLT3 and NOX2 inhibitors increased survival to a greater extent than either treatment alone. Together, these data raise the possibility that combining NOX2 and FLT3 inhibitors could improve the treatment of FLT3 mutant AML.
A boost in learning by removing nuclear phosphodiesterases and enhancing nuclear cAMP signaling
Authors: Gurevich Vsevolod V. , Gurevich Eugenia V.
Published: March 2023

cAMP signaling in the nucleus leads to the expression of immediate early genes in neurons and learning and memory. In this issue of
Science Signaling
, Martinez
et al
. found that activation of the β
2
-adrenergic receptor enhances nuclear cAMP signaling that supports learning and memory in mice by removing the phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 from the nucleus through arrestin3 bound to the internalized receptor.
Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of the Benzothiazinone BTZ-043 against Tuberculous Mycobacteria inside Granulomas in the Guinea Pig Model
Authors: Eckhardt Emmelie , Li Yan , Mamerow Svenja , Schinköthe Jan , Sehl-Ewert Julia , Dreisbach Julia , Corleis Björn , Dorhoi Anca , Teifke Jens , Menge Christian , Kloss Florian , Bastian Max
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, is the world’s leading cause of mortality from a single bacterial pathogen. With increasing frequency, emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria leads to failures of standard TB treatment regimens.
Combining Phage Display Technology with
In Silico
-Designed Epitope Vaccine to Elicit Robust Antibody Responses against Emerging Pathogen Tilapia Lake Virus
Authors: Gong Yu-Ming , Wei Xue-Feng , Zheng Yu-Ying , Li Yang , Yu Qing , Li Peng-Fei , Zhu Bin
Published: March 2023

Antigen epitope determination is an important cornerstone for developing efficient vaccines. In this study, we attempted to explore a novel approach for epitope discovery of TiLV, which is a new virus in fish.
Characterization of Ebola Virus Mucosal Challenge Routes in Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Johnson Dylan M. , Brasel Trevor , Massey Shane , Smith Jeanon , Garron Tania , Wallace Shannon , Yu Xiaoying , Beasley David W. , Comer Jason E.
Published: March 2023

This study is the first to examine the Kikwit strain of EBOV, the most commonly used strain, in the gold-standard macaque model of infection. Additionally, this is the first description of the detection of virus in the vitreous fluid, an immune privileged site that has been proposed as a viral reservoir, following conjunctival challenge.
Structural Elucidation of a Protective B Cell Epitope on Outer Surface Protein C (OspC) of the Lyme Disease Spirochete, Borreliella burgdorferi
Authors: Rudolph Michael J. , Davis Simon A. , Haque H. M. Emranul , Weis David D. , Vance David J. , Piazza Carol Lyn , Ejemel Monir , Cavacini Lisa , Wang Yang , Mbow M. Lamine , Gilmore Robert D. , Mantis Nicholas J.
Published: March 2023

The spirochete
Borreliella burgdorferi
is a causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tickborne disease in the United States. The spirochete is transmitted to humans during the course of a tick taking a bloodmeal.
Genomic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients and Impact of Infection Control Measures on Reducing CRAB Circulation during the Second Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Milan, Italy
Authors: Mangioni Davide , Fox Valeria , Chatenoud Liliane , Bolis Matteo , Bottino Nicola , Cariani Lisa , Gentiloni Silverj Flaminia , Matinato Caterina , Monti Gianpaola , Muscatello Antonio , Teri Antonio , Terranova Leonardo , Piatti Alessandra , Gori Andrea , Grasselli Giacomo , Stocchetti Nino , Alteri Claudia , Bandera Alessandra
Published: March 2023

Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are of paramount importance for preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitals, especially in the intensive care unit (ICU). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is seen as a promising tool for IPC, but its employment is currently still limited.
Diagnostic Sensitivity of Saliva and Other Respiratory Tract Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Lawrence Panchali Merlin Jayalal , Kim Choon-Mee , Lee Yu-Mi , Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Kim Dong-Min
Published: March 2023

Owing to the vast heterogeneity of the studies focused on the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and COVID-19, accurate comparisons of the specificity and sensitivity of samples and associated outcomes are still inconclusive. Moreover, limited information is available on the leading causes of infection and the factors that are associated with the conditions that underlie the spread of infection.
Development of CRISPR/Cas12b-Based Multiple Cross Displacement Amplification Technique for the Detection of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Complex in Clinical Settings
Authors: Yang Xinggui , Huang Junfei , Chen Yijiang , Ying Xia , Tan Qinqin , Chen Xu , Zeng Xiaoyan , Lei Shiguang , Wang Yi , Li Shijun
Published: March 2023

The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex pathogen is a crucial infectious agent of tuberculosis. Hence, improving the capability of MTC detection is one of the most urgently required strategies for preventing and controlling TB.
Enterobacter asburiae E7, a Novel Potential Probiotic, Enhances Resistance to Aeromonas veronii Infection via Stimulating the Immune Response in Common Carp (
Cyprinus carpio
)
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Zhao , Wu Zhi-Bin , Qu Shen-Ye , Wang Gao-Xue , Wei Dong-Dong , Li Peng-Fei , Ling Fei
Published: March 2023

In the present study, we evaluated for the first time the efficiency of
Enterobacter asburiae
as a prospective probiotic for aquaculture applications. The E7 strain showed extensive resistance to
Aeromonas
, no pathogenicity to the host, and stronger environmental tolerance.
Gut Microbiota Accelerate the Insecticidal Activity of Plastid-Expressed Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb to a Leaf Beetle,
Plagiodera versicolora
Authors: Lei Xiaoyu , Zhang Fengjuan , Zhang Jiang
Published: March 2023

The contribution of gut microbiota to
Bacillus thuringiensis
Cry3Bb insecticidal activity in a leaf beetle was demonstrated using transplastomic poplar plants, providing a potential new approach to improve the efficiency of plastid transformation technology for pest control by expression of
Bt
toxins.
Metal-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane as an Important Methane Sink in Methanic Cold Seep Sediments
Authors: Xiao Xi , Luo Min , Zhang Chuwen , Zhang Tingting , Yin Xiuran , Wu Xuemin , Zhao Jing , Tao Jun , Chen Zongheng , Liang Qianyong , Dong Xiyang
Published: March 2023

Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with reduction of metal oxides is supposed to be a globally important bioprocess in marine sediments. However, the responsible microorganisms and their contributions to methane budget are not clear in deep sea cold seep sediments.
Optic atrophy secondary to minocycline-induced idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Paramo Ricky , Leishangthem Lakshmi
Published: March 2023

An early adolescent female presented with blurry vision, ocular ‘fullness’, pulsatile tinnitus and gait difficulty due to poor vision. She was found to have florid grade V papilloedema, 2 months after the use of minocycline for the treatment of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis for 2 months. MRI of the brain without contrast showed fullness of the optic nerve heads concerning for increased intracranial pressure, which was confirmed on lumbar puncture with an opening pressure greater than 55 cm H2O. She was initially started on acetazolamide, but due to high opening pressure and severity of visual loss, a lumboperitoneal shunt was placed in 3 days. This was complicated by a shunt tubal migration 4 months later, leading to worsening vision of 20/400 in both eyes for which she underwent shunt revision. By the time she presented to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic, she was legally blind with her exam consistent with bilateral optic atrophy.
Effects of geometric parameters on optical absorption characteristics of InGaN nanostructured arrays
Authors: Cao Zhihao , Liu Lei , Lu Feifei , Cheng Hongchang , Guo Xin
Published: March 2023

In recent years, with the development of wide-spectrum response photodetectors, InGaN as a semiconducting material has been widely studied. The nanowire array structure has excellent trapping ability, but different structures and shapes have different absorption abilities. It is necessary to optimize the nanowire array continuously in order to obtain the highest absorption efficiency possible. Based on this background, we study the effects of the geometry and structural parameters of InGaN nanowires on the optical response properties. We define the cone ratio and fill factor, respectively, and compare the optical absorption characteristics of InGaN nanowires by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculation results show that the truncated nanocone arrays can enhance the light capture ability and obtain the high sensitivity of the cut-off wavelength. Its optical absorption is at least 15% higher than that of nanowires. Therefore, the research of this paper can provide a certain theoretical reference for the experiment and preparation of InGaN photocathode.
COOPERATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND AUTONOMIZATION OF RURAL WOMEN IN COTE D’IVOIRE
Authors: DAO ZIÉ , SANOGO KANIGUÉ , AHOGNISSO AFFIA ANGELINE
Published: March 2023

The objective of this article is to analyze the influence of cooperative entrepreneurship on the empowerment of women in rural areas. To this end, we have conducted an empirical survey with 200 female cooperative members in Côte d’Ivoire, successively identifying the factor structure of the variables studied (family, free, community, neighborhood and friendly groups) and then testing their reliability. Further tests were then performed using a linear regression model. The results show that the family, free and community group models positively and significantly influenced the empowerment of women. However, the neighborhood group had a negative influence, and the friendly group had no significant influence.