bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia de diagnósticos de enfermería en pacientes hospitalizados con infección Covid-19
Authors: Díaz Hernández Alondra , Diaz Márquez Diana Litzy , Maldonado Muñiz Gabriela , Trejo Garcia Claudia Átala
Published: May 2023

Introducción: Las respuestas humanas de la persona ante enfermedades nuevas como infecciones por coronavirus (COVID-19), deben estar plasmados los diagnósticos de enfermería como parte de la utilización del pensamiento crítico al establecer un plan de cuidados.
Objetivo: Describir los diagnósticos de enfermería reportados en expedientes de pacientes con infección por COVID-19.
Material y métodos: Investigación clínica, con enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, retrospectivo; universo de 367 expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por COVID-19 del Hospital General de Tula, en el periodo abril-octubre 2020, muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. La información se recabó en una ficha de recolección de datos diseñada exprofeso, acorde a la hoja de enfermería del hospital, utilizando la taxonomía NANDA-I. Investigación aprobada por el Comité de ética e investigación.
Resultados: n=163 expedientes, los pacientes con infección COVID-19 tenían edad entre 20-92 años, 58.9% eran del género masculino; en el tratamiento establecido 97.5% tuvo oxigenoterapia, el rango de estancia fue de 0-24 días de hospitalización. Los diagnósticos de enfermería registrados con mayor frecuencia fueron Riesgo de caídas (f=2227), Riesgo de infección (f=2164), Riesgo de aspiración (f=1095), Ansiedad (f=1079), Riesgo de nivel de glucemia inestable (f=1044), Disconfort (f=928), Fatiga (f=862), Riesgo de shock (f=813), Patrón respiratorio ineficaz (f=660) y Limpieza ineficaz de las vías aéreas (f=606).
Conclusiones: Los diagnósticos de enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I son reportados en la hoja de enfermería de los expedientes de pacientes con infección COVID-19, el más frecuente fue: Riesgo de caídas.
Revelar las vivencias de intervención educativa transcultural de embarazo adolescente en binomio madre-hija un proyecto de vida en comunidad originaria
Authors: Tiburcio-Cruz Rocio , García-Matamoros Ma. Dolores , Carrera-Tinoco Magally , Nava-Nava José Félix
Published: May 2023

Introducción: el embarazo adolescente hace referencia a toda gestación que ocurre durante la adolescencia y comprende las mujeres de hasta 19 años. Irrumpe la vida de las adolescentes en momentos que no alcanzan la madurez física ni mental, con carencias nutricionales y enfermedades. Las causas son amplias y complejas, variando entre distintos grupos culturales y étnicos.Para los investigadores es importante conocer la forma de pensar de las jóvenes y madres respecto a embarazos enadolescentes, como construyen los sentidos y significaciones alrededor de embarazos a temprana edad, qué factores intervienen, de qué modo se puede educar a la población joven y adulta ante esta problemáticaque irrumpe con su proyecto de vida.Material y métodos: enfoque metodológico cualitativo descriptivo, con visión holística históricoetnográfico, dado que se pretende conocer la manera de pensar de las adolescentes del estado de Guerrero en la región montaña alta ante un embarazo y las posibles causas de la misma.Resultados: el binomio revela que la falta de recursos económicos, educación, costumbres y tradiciones son las principales causas de un embarazo precoz y deserción escolar en la montaña Alta de Guerrero.Consideraciones finales: desde el término EMIC se manifiesta desacuerdo por el embarazo adolescente, se visualiza la incapacidad de las participantes para desarrollar el rol de crianza y educación, se refleja con ETIC la inmadurez física y psicológica de las adolescentes para adquirir la responsabilidad de una mujer adulta, el proyecto de vida se ve estancado en el mismo padrón de los padres.
Partición de la precipitación en dos arbóreas leguminosas nativas en la región Andina, Colombia
Authors: Pabón-Morales Miguel Á. , Prato Andrés I. , Tonello Kelly C. , Zuluaga-Peláez Jhon J. , Bucheli-León Pilar E. , Winckler-Caldeira Marcos V.
Published: May 2023

Introducción: En la ecología forestal y reforestación, la comprensión del balance hidrológico y estructura del dosel pueden predecir la productividad de las plantaciones. Objetivos: Monitorear la redistribución de la precipitación incidente en una plantación de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S. F. Blake y Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merril y su relación con la apertura del dosel e índice de área foliar.Materiales y métodos: La redistribución de la precipitación incidente se monitoreó durante un año en una plantación de S. parahyba (4.4-5.4 años) y S. saman (5.8-6.8 años) en Rionegro, Santander, Colombia. En cada plantación se instalaron pluviómetros lineales debajo de las copas y alrededor del fuste de los árboles seleccionados.Resultados y Discusión: La precipitación interna (Pi), pérdidas por interceptación del dosel (I) y escurrimiento fustal (Ef) en los 12 meses correspondieron al 77.5, 22.3 y 0.44 %, respectivamente, en relación con la precipitación incidente para S. parahyba (2 270 mm) y al 84.7, 15.3 y 0.05 %, respectivamente, para S. saman (2 140 mm). Para ambas especies, la Pi y la precipitación efectiva fue mayor (P < 0.05) en los dos periodos secos del año, mientras que la I y Ef fueron mayores en los dos periodos lluviosos. La apertura del dosel se correlacionó únicamente con la I y Pi en S. saman, mientras que el índice de área foliar no tuvo correlación con alguna variable.Conclusión: La distribución de la lluvia señala caminos diferentes en el mismo ambiente estudiado. Es importante investigar los procesos hidrológicos en los ambientes de reforestación considerando la morfología de las especies involucradas.
Efecto del tiempo de lixiviación y posición de las semillas en la germinación y características vegetativas de Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori
Authors: Moslehi Maryam , Ahmadi Akram , Hajebi Abdolhamid , Sadeghi Bahmani Malihe
Published: May 2023

Introducción: Las semillas de Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori tienen propiedades beneficiosas para la salud y potencial considerable como biocombustible. No obstante, el cultivo está limitado por la calidad variable de las semillas. Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de la posición de la semilla en la vaina y el tratamiento de lixiviación sobre la germinación y características vegetativas de las plántulas. Materiales y métodos: Las semillas se numeraron del 1 al 6 (la posición cercana a la parte unida al tallo fue la número 1). Para investigar el efecto de lixiviación en la germinación y las características vegetativas, las semillas se expusieron a agua corriente durante 0, 24 y 48 h. El experimento consistió en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial. Resultados y discusión: La posición de la semilla tuvo efecto significativo (P ≤ 0.05) en las variables, excepto en el peso fresco de las raíces y número de hojas; la germinación fue mayor en las semillas de las posiciones medias de la vaina, que fueron también las más pesadas (0.73 g). La lixiviación durante 48 h aumentó la germinación al 88 %. Este tratamiento produjo el mayor número de hojas (16.82) y los valores más altos de diámetro del cuello (3.50 mm), peso seco de hojas (0.11 g), tallo (0.08 g) y raíz (0.50 g), y longitud de raíz (10.10 cm). La interacción de la posición y la lixiviación fue significativa. Conclusiones: El rendimiento general de la germinación y el crecimiento de las plántulas pueden mejorarse mediante la inmersión de semillas de la posición media de la vaina en agua corriente durante 48 h.
Humans as Cultured, Ethical, and Aesthetic Beings
Authors: Prayogi Arditya , Prasetya Dimas
Published: May 2023

Telaah konseptual mengenai manusia sebagai manusia sebagai makhluk berbudaya, beretika, serta berestetika masih terus berkembang mengingat manusia merupakan entitas kompleks yang masih memerlukan berbagai pemahaman. Dengan demikian, artikel ini mencoba mengelaborasi telaah-telaah konseptual sebagai bagian dari memperkaya wacana dan pemahaman mengenai manusia. Artikel ini merupakan kajian literatur yang ditulis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil kajian didapatkan gambaran bahwasanya Pola hubungan antara manusia dan kebudayaan juga tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain. Manusia ialah pencipta kebudayaan. Terciptanya kebudayaan merupakan hasil interaksi manusia dengan segala aspek kehidupannya, baik secara abstrak maupun kongkrit. Budaya lahir karena adanya manusia, sehingga selama manusia tetap ada di muka bumi maka kebudayaan juga akan tetap lestari. Dalam perkembangannya, kebudayaan kemudian terus berdialektika mengalami dinamika karena adanya peran manusia yang melaksanakan ataupun mempertahankan kebudayaan tersebut.
STRATEGI GURU AL-QUR’AN HADITS DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Erna Sulistiani
Published: May 2023

Generasi muda penerus bangsa ini harus dibekali dengan pengetahuan membaca Al-Qur’an. Membaca Al-Qur’an merupakan suatu kemampuan dasar yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap orang beragama Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi guru Al-Qur’an Hadits dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas VII, untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor yang pendukung dan penghambat strategi guru Al-Qur’an Hadits dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas VII dan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja penyebab siswa mengalami kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas VII. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, Strategi guru Al-Qur’an Hadits dalam mengatasi kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an antara lain: pengamatan, pendekatan, memberikan motivasi, mengajar serta membiasakan dan menyarankan kepada orang tua siswa untuk belajar mengaji dirumah. Kedua, faktor pendukung strategi guru Al-Qur’an Hadits antara lain: adanya sarana musholla sebagai oprasional kegiatan membaca Al-Qur’an, adanya kesadaran siswa, adanya kemauan siswa, dan faktor penghambat strategi guru Al-Qur’an Hadits antara lain: rendahnya minat dan motivasi siswa, dan faktor keluarga. Ketiga, faktor penyebab kesulitan membaca Al-Qur’an pada siswa kelas VII antara lain: faktor peserta didik (kurangnya kemampuan dasar yang dimiliki peserta didik, kurangnya motivasi peserta didik), faktor madrasah dan faktor guru
STRATEGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA ANAK
Authors: Mohamad Irfan Munir
Published: May 2023

Kegiatan membaca sangat penting dan sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia sehingga harus ditanamkan sejak dini. Sehingga untuk meningkatkan minat baca anak, pemerintah dan para guru berupaya untuk membuat perpustakaan sebagai tempat pendalaman ilmu dan minat baca bagi anak dengan berbagai program-program peningkatan minat baca anak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang program-program unggulan para guru dalam meningkatkan minat baca bagi anak, dan juga untuk mengetahui factor penghambat dan pendukung peningkatan minat baca pada anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan  adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui model analisisis dari Connaway dan Powell (2010). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidak berhasilan program dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak dikarenakan kurangnya pendukung yang maksimal. Baik dalam segi motivasi belajar, mempromosikan ruang baca anak, fasilitas, layanan maupun mempromosikan program-program yang ada di dalamnya
Religious Value in The Malangan’s Puppet Script of Sesaji Rajasoya Story
Authors: Pangestu Dwi Cahyo , Suhita Raheni , Suryanto Edy
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe and explain the religious value in the Malangan’s puppet script of Sesaji Rajasoya story. This Study applied the descriptive qualitative method. The sampling technique took purposive sampling. The research data were drawn from the data source of the Malangan’s puppet script with the Sesaji Rajasoya story. The data collection employed content analysis techniques by evaluating several character dialogs and prolog that represent the religious value. The data analysis technique implemented the Miles & Huberman interactive model. The results show that the religious values in the Malangan’s puppet script of Sesaji Rajasoya story include: 1) believe in the power of God; 2) awareness to repent; 3) devoted to religion and the state; 4) the power of faith in God; 5) remind each other in positive terms; and 6) willing and accepting.
Cognitive Impenetrability and Modest Empiricism
Authors: Geever Alphy
Published: May 2023

Feminists have been engaging with epistemology and science in novel ways to identify patterns of institutional bias in knowledge production. These consistent biases have emerged from androcentrism, sexism and gender ideology that has permeated much of scientific inquiry. Feminists have adopted two approaches towards addressing this: on the one hand, they have rejected science as a discourse which inherently perpetuates power asymmetries, whereas on the other, they have adopted scientific methods as providing genuinely objective ways of knowing the world, which are nevertheless vitiated in classical empiricism by apriori commitments (such as the unconditioned subject, and the primacy of correspondence theory of truth). In the latter case, modest empiricism has been proposed as an alternate theory which eliminates the effects of these apriori commitments, by redefining empiricism as providing the least defeasible evidence that can be obtained from the physical world. The strategy of modest empiricism requires a strong theory of perception which is independent, and encapsulated from cognitive influence. In this paper, I propose such a theory of perception as articulated by Raftopoulos, and argue that to ensure objectivity in scientific inquiry, it is necessary to eliminate any structural cognitive influences at the level of perceptual processes.
The Limits of Cultural-Economic Explanations of Ethnic Phenomenon: The Case of West Bengal
Authors: Kanjilal Dr. Amitava
Published: May 2023

At the crossroad of seventy-five years of India’s experiment with Democracy, several expressions of ethnic identity politics have bloomed in various parts of the nation. The discontent around the notion of Development being ‘unequal’ and ‘unfair’ to some, demands of separate statehood remain visible with varied strength of organisation. West Bengal was no far from the currents of such demands of smaller states based on the rationale of deprivation on cultural and economic grounds. However, the history of West Bengal depicts that the cosmopolitan development of cultural milieu since 19th Century Bengal Renaissance has been much accommodative and on the contrary on political frontiers Bengal has always unique to stand aside the mainstream politics of nationalism in pre-independence period and in conceiving a provincial government not in political alignment to the political party in the power of the Central Government, that caused major deprivations on economic allocations between the Centre and the State. Therefore, any demand of separate state from West Bengal can be refuted on the essential rationale of cultural cosmopolitanism and economic deprivation of West Bengal by the Central Government. The present paper analyses both these rationale with elaborate reference to scholastic explanations already approached.
Local-to-regional methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) quantified using UAV-based atmospheric measurements
Authors: Andersen Truls , Zhao Zhao , de Vries Marcel , Necki Jaroslaw , Swolkien Justyna , Menoud Malika , Röckmann Thomas , Roiger Anke , Fix Andreas , Peters Wouter , Chen Huilin
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Coal mining accounts for ∼12 % of the total
anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions worldwide. The Upper Silesian
Coal Basin (USCB), Poland, where large quantities of CH4 are emitted to the
atmosphere via ventilation shafts of underground hard coal (anthracite)
mines, is one of the hot spots of methane emissions in Europe. However,
coal bed CH4 emissions into the atmosphere are poorly characterized. As
part of the carbon dioxide and CH4 mission 1.0 (CoMet 1.0) that took
place in May–June 2018, we flew a recently developed active AirCore
system aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to obtain CH4 and
CO2 mole fractions 150–300 m downwind of five individual ventilation
shafts in the USCB. In addition, we also measured δ13C-CH4, δ2H-CH4, ambient temperature,
pressure, relative humidity, surface wind speed, and surface wind direction. We used 34
UAV flights and two different approaches (inverse Gaussian approach and mass
balance approach) to quantify the emissions from individual shafts. The
quantified emissions were compared to both annual and hourly inventory data
and were used to derive the estimates of CH4 emissions in the USCB. We
found a high correlation (R2=0.7–0.9) between the quantified and
hourly inventory data-based shaft-averaged CH4 emissions, which in
principle would allow regional estimates of CH4 emissions to be derived
by upscaling individual hourly inventory data of all shafts. Currently, such
inventory data is available only for the five shafts we quantified. As an
alternative, we have developed three upscaling approaches, i.e., by scaling
the European Pollutant Release and
Transfer Register (E-PRTR) annual inventory, the quantified shaft-averaged emission rate,
and the shaft-averaged emission rate, which are derived from the hourly
emission inventory. These estimates are in the range of 256–383 kt CH4 yr−1 for the inverse Gaussian (IG) approach and 228–339 kt CH4 yr−1 for the mass balance (MB)
approach. We have also estimated the total CO2 emissions
from coal mining ventilation shafts based on the observed ratio of
CH4/CO2 and found that the estimated regional CO2 emissions
are not a major source of CO2 in the USCB. This study shows that the
UAV-based active AirCore system can be a useful tool to quantify local to
regional point source methane emissions.
Water vapor stable isotope memory effects of common tubing materials
Authors: Meyer Alexandra L. , Welp Lisa R.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Water molecules in vapor exchange with water molecules sticking to surfaces of sampling tubing, and exchange rates are unique for each isotopologue and tubing material. Therefore, tubing walls take some time to reach isotopic equilibrium with a new vapor isotopic signal, creating a memory effect observed as attenuation time for signal propagation in continuous laser-based stable water vapor isotope measurement systems. Memory effects in δD and δ18O measurements can limit the ability to observe fast changes, and because δD and δ18O memory are not identical, this introduces transient deuterium excess (D-excess, defined as δD – 8* δ18O) artifacts in time-varying observations. A comprehensive performance comparison of commonly-used tubing material water exchange properties has not been published to our knowledge. We compared how a large isotopic step change propagated through five tubing materials, PFA, FEP, PTFE, HDPE, and copper, at two different temperatures and an air flow rate of 1.1 L min-1 through approximately 100 feet (~30.5 m) of ¼ inch (6.35 mm) outer diameter (OD) tubing. All tubing materials performed similarly to each other in terms of attenuation times regardless of temperature. While inner diameter and length of tubing affect lag times of signal propagation, they don’t change the shape of the attenuation curve or the attenuation times. This indicates that the speed of isotopic equilibrium of the tubing walls can be described as a first order chemical reaction controlled by the concentration of reactive surface sites rather than the total number of sites. Likewise, use of a high-surface area particle filter at this air flow rate did not affect the speed of the isotopic signal attenuation. However, the addition of a mass flow meter did affect the speed of the attenuation, and we recommend investigating the influence of similar devices during measurement inlet and system design. Our results show that plastic tubing materials are not inferior to copper in terms of isotopic memory under these conditions, and they are easier to work with and are less expensive than copper. Users are still advised to maximize air flow rates through both analyzer and tubing to minimize memory effects especially when accurate time-varying deuterium-excess measurements are required.
Spectral Induced Polarization imaging to monitor seasonal and annual dynamics of frozen ground at a mountain permafrost site in the Italian Alps
Authors: Maierhofer Theresa , Flores Orozco Adrian , Roser Nathalie , Limbrock Jonas K. , Hilbich Christin , Moser Clemens , Kemna Andreas , Drigo Elisabetta , Morra di Cella Umberto , Hauck Christian
Published: May 2023

Abstract. We investigate the application of spectral induced polarization (SIP) monitoring to understand seasonal and annual variations of freezing and thawing processes in permafrost, in particular with regard to the frequency-dependence of the subsurface electrical properties. We installed a permanent SIP monitoring profile at a high mountain permafrost site in the Italian Alps in 2019 and collected SIP data in the frequency range between 0.1–75 Hz over 3 years. Complementary seismic data were acquired, which, together with borehole data, were used to aid interpretation of the SIP imaging results. In particular, we investigated the phase frequency effect (ϕFE), i.e., the change of resistivity phase with frequency. We observe that this parameter (ϕFE) is strongly sensitive to temperature changes and might be used as a proxy to delineate spatial and temporal changes of ice content in the subsurface, providing information not accessible through electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) or single-frequency IP measurements. Temporal changes in ϕFE are validated through laboratory SIP measurements on samples from the site in controlled freeze-thaw experiments. We demonstrate that SIP is capable of resolving temporal changes in the thermal state and the ice/water ratio associated with seasonal freeze-thaw processes. We investigate the consistency between the ϕFE observed in field data and ground water and ice content estimates derived from petrophysical modelling of ERT and seismic data.
A comparison of a new remote sensing-based SWE estimation method  with physical models for improving snow melt estimation in alpine catchments
Authors: Bertoldi Giacomo , Premier Valentina , Bozzoli Michele , Marin Carlo
Published: May 2023

Hydrology relies on the measurement of various variables, among which snow water equivalent (SWE) plays a crucial role in predicting runoff, particularly for catchments with high levels of snow accumulation. However, SWE measurements are rare and limited to point scales, making it difficult to obtain accurate spatialized estimates. While current satellite missions do not directly measure SWE, they offer valuable proxy information that can be used to reconstruct SWE. We propose using optical and radar sensors from MODIS, Sentinel-2, and Landsat missions to extract data on snow persistence on the ground and merge this multi-scale information to obtain accurate estimates of SWE. The technique involves observing snow patterns at high spatial resolutions from Landsat and Sentinel-2 missions and using this information to reconstruct a low-resolution image from MODIS. Additionally, information on the duration of melting can be obtained using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) from Sentinel-1. In-situ air temperature data is used to estimate potential melting, and snow depth observations are used to determine if accumulation is occurring. The final output is daily high-resolution SWE maps. This approach has the advantage of not relying on precipitation observations, which are often uncertain in high-elevation catchments. We investigate the effectiveness of this approach in estimating peak snowmelt discharge for two monitored catchments in South Tyrol (Italy), comparing the results to those obtained using state-of-the-art hydrological models such as GEOtop and New Age. These results have the potential to significantly improve snowmelt estimation in poorly monitored basins.
Twenty years of hydrological observations at Fiumarella of Corleto basin: experimental data, analysis and modeling
Authors: Dal Sasso Silvano Fortunato , Margiotta Maria Rosaria , Onorati Beniamino , Sileo Biagio , Pizarro Alonso , Manfreda Salvatore , Ermini Ruggero , Fiorentino Mauro
Published: May 2023

Hydrological observations provided by in situ monitoring networks are essential to better understand hydrological processes and to improve water resource management. This is even more precious for small basins where large spatial coverage or remotely sensed data are not enough to represent hydrological behavior in space and time. In addition, the availability of several years of hydrological data is particularly useful for the application of hydrological models that usually requires long calibration data series in order to provide reliable results. Starting from 2002 and continuing for the subsequent two decades, the "Fiumarella of Corleto" basin, which spans an area of 32.5 km2 and is situated in the Basilicata region of Southern Italy, has been under observation (Manfreda et al., 2011). The basin is located on two slopes with differing land use patterns: the left slope is mostly comprised of agricultural land, while the right slope is predominantly covered by forests. The hydrometeorological network consists of three automated weather stations equipped with various sensors to monitor rainfall, snow depth, temperature, wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, and hydrometric data. From 2006, a TDR100 system connected to 22 probes located at 11 different sampling sites was used to monitor soil moisture in the sub-basin. The system was set up along a transect measuring approximately 60 meters in length, with probes located at two different depths of 30 and 60 cm. In addition to this, a high-resolution (1x1 m) DSM of the basin was derived using LiDAR to provide a detailed characterization of the morphology of the two slopes. The catchment pedology was investigated through field campaigns and laboratory measurements to identify the primary soil types and units in the basin (Romano et al., 2002; Santini et al., 1999). Monitoring activities were conducted with reference to two different spatial scales: the entire basin (32.5 km2) and the sub-basin (0.65 km2). Hydrological signatures were used to characterize the hydrological behavior of the two drainage areas. Peak flow analyses were performed to define lag-time, soil moisture conditions before flood events evidencing the different hydrological responses of both basin and sub-basin. Some flow indicators (e.g., base flow and recession constant) were used to constrain a semi-distributed hydrological model in order to optimize performances in calibration and validation. In this contribution, an overview of the main results of hydrological data analyses and modeling obtained at different spatial scales is presented.
How do four-year-old intercropped trees share soil water with wheat in temperate alley-cropping experimental site: evidence from 2H2O artificial labeling?
Authors: O'Connor Claire , Choma Caroline , Delbende François , Zeller Bernhard , Ndiaye Aichatou , Desmyttère Hélène , Manouvrier Eric , Siah Ali , Waterlot Christophe , Andrianarisoa Kasaina Sitraka
Published: May 2023

Despite numerous studies investigating competition and/or facilitation for soil water resources in alley-cropping systems (AC), share of water at the early stage of trees establishment in AC has been poorly examined. This work aimed to explore the water share between crops and trees after four years of tree establishment in AC at the Ramecourt block design alley-cropping experimental site. In mid-spring, we injected 300 mL of a 10 % deuterated water at 30, 50 and 100 cm soil depth at 1.5 m distance from a referent tree (alder, hornbeam or wild cherry) in AC, in pure-forest control plot with ryegrass (FC) and in a randomly chosen area in monocrop wheat control (CC) plots. The tracer uptake was monitored by collecting tree leaves and wheat and ryegrass (RG) whole-plant samples every two weeks in labeled and unlabeled area. For deuterium natural abundance analyses, the global mean of δ2H was significantly lower for wheat (- 44 ± 4 ‰) than RG (- 27 ± 6 ‰) and trees (- 20 ± 3 ‰), indicating that the most active sites of water absorption were different between these species. The mean wheat δ2H was 2481 ± 523 ‰, 715 ± 218 ‰, and 133 ± 68 ‰ at 30, 50 and 100 cm labeling depth respectively. It was significantly higher in AC (2883 ± 585 ‰) compared to CC (1131 ± 274 ‰) only at 30 cm labeling depth. For trees, the δ2H of labeled samples remained negative unlike wheat. Particularly in AC, alder and wild cherry presented significant higher δ2H 15 and 45 days after labeling, respectively from 50 and 100 cm labeling depth, compared to unlabeled samples. We concluded that trees and wheat took up their water in upper soil layer but in AC, they favored wheat water absorption in topsoil and were able to flexibly shift their water source from deep layer in case of low water availability in the upper soil layer.
Assimilation of Sentinel-1 backscatter data into AquaCrop v7 for soil moisture and biomass updating over Europe
Authors: de Roos Shannon , Busschaert Louise , Bechtold Michel , heyvaert Zdenko , Kumar Sujay , Lievens Hans , Mortelmans Jonas , Raes Dirk , Scherrer Samuel , Van den Bossche Maxime , Fereres Elias , Garcia-Vila Margarita , Steduto Pasquale , Hsiao Theodore , Heng Lee , Salman Maher , De Lannoy Gabrielle
Published: May 2023

Recent advances in gridded crop modeling and satellite observations help to improve the monitoring of crop growth and water requirements. In this contribution, we use AquaCrop v7 within the NASA Land Information System (i) to produce spatially distributed estimates of soil moisture, biomass and backscatter, and their uncertainty, and (ii) to assimilate backscatter observations from the Sentinel-1 satellite mission to improve soil moisture and biomass via state updating, at 1 km resolution over Europe. The results are evaluated against in situ observations of soil moisture and satellite-based vegetation products. We will discuss the opportunities and challenges of high-resolution gridded crop models and satellite-based active microwave data for agricultural applications. 
eLTER RI – A new European Research Infrastructure addressing today’s environmental challenges – a new perspective for European hydrological research
Authors: Zacharias Steffen , Vereecken Harry , Bäck Jaana , Mirtl Michael
Published: May 2023

We live in a world of rapid social, economic and ecosystem change, facing major environmental challenges such as global warming, biodiversity loss and pressures on natural resources. Addressing these topics requires world-class ecosystem research by a well-connected, extensive community of experts, supported by advanced sites and facilities, openly shared and easily accessible data and capacity building programs. This is the goal of the Integrated European Long-Term Ecosystem, critical zone and socio-ecological system Research Infrastructure (eLTER RI).

eLTER RI will adopt a fundamentally systemic approach to observe and analyse the environmental system, encompassing biological, geological, hydrological and socio-ecological perspectives. It will be the first research infrastructure capturing and analysing holistically the integrated impacts of climate change alongside other pressures on a wide variety of European ecosystems. Ca. 200 eLTER research sites will provide a wide scale and systematic coverage of major European terrestrial, freshwater and transitional water ecosystem. eLTER RI will allow in-situ, co-located gathering of Essential Variables ranging from bio-physico-chemical to biodiversity and socio-ecological data. Ecosystem change caused by long-term pressures and short-term pulses will be investigated in a nested design from the local to the continental scale. With the huge number of in-situ sites and platforms and the harmonized and standardized observation concept, the eLTER RI offers outstanding new perspectives for hydrological research in Europe.

One of the major aims of long term ecosystem monitoring and research is to provide quality controlled and reliable data to support scientific analyses and enable input for designing environmental policies and assessing their impacts. Both the concept and in-situ design as well as the basic architectures and tools of the eLTER RI to support data providers and data users will be presented.
The OZCAR Critical Zone Observatory Network: an opportunity to enhance hydrological research through sites, data and model sharing
Authors: Braud Isabelle , Gaillardet Jérôme
Published: May 2023

The OZCAR (Critical Zone Observatories network) Research Infrastructure (RI) brings together several observatories documenting the critical zone, the thin pellicle on the Earth's surface between the non-weathered rocks and the lower atmosphere, which is the living environment of living beings. These long-term observatories were historically created in France to answer specific scientific questions such as the impact of rainfall acidification on forests, the genesis of extreme floods or the understanding of nitrate pollution. They monitor different compartments of the critical zone (atmosphere, soil, surface water, groundwater, cryosphere, wetlands, biosphere, etc.) through the measurement of a large number of meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological, geochemical, surface fluxes and vegetation dynamics variables.

The aims of OZCAR RI are:

i) To foster data sharing with the scientific community through the development of a common data portal;

ii) To promote the use of the collected data in models;

ii) To allow the development and deployment of new measurement techniques, taking advantages of large projects funded by the French government such as the CRITEX project (Innovative equipment for the critical zone, 2011-2022) and the TERRA FORMA project (Designing and testing a smart observatory of socioecological systems in the Anthropocene, 2021-2029), that aim at deploying innovative measurements to document the critical zone and design new observatories in the Anthropocene;

iv) To favor interdisciplinary researches through dedicated calls.

The observatories, and their counterparts at the European scale gathered in eLTER RI, are highly instrumented sites where new measurement techniques can be tested and deployed, where hydrological functioning hypotheses can be assessed through the exploitation of data and models. These observatories are also good places to addressing some of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology. The presentation will illustrate the value of a network of critical zone and hydrological observatories through examples of researches conducted in the OZCAR RI network.

https://www.ozcar-ri.org/

https://www.critex.fr/critex-3/observatories/

https://terra-forma.cnrs.fr/

https://elter-projects.org/
Ensuring ISMN’s permanent service for delivering long-term, in situ soil moisture data
Authors: Zink Matthias , Boehmer Fay , Olarinoye Tunde , Korres Wolgang , Kramer Kasjen , Himmelbauer Irene , Aberer Daniel , Sabia Roberto , Crapolicchio Raffaele , Goryl Philippe , Scipal Klaus , Dorigo Wouter , Dietrich Stephan
Published: May 2023

Soil moisture is recognized as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) because it is crucial for assessing water availability for plants and hence food production. Having long time series of freely available soil moisture data with global coverage enables scientists, farmers and decision makers to detect trends, assess the impacts of climate change, and develop adaptation strategies.

The collection, harmonization and archiving of in situ soil moisture data was the motivation to establish the International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) at TU Wien, with the financial support of the European Space Agency (ESA), in 2009 as a community effort. The ISMN became an essential source for validating and improving global satellite products, and climate, land surface, and hydrological models. In 2021 permanent funding for the ISMN operations was secured through the German Government (Ministry of Digital and Transport).

The transfer of the ISMN to its new host, i.e., the International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC)/German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), took place during 2021/2022. The takeover posed the challenge to migrate an operational service between two different teams, locations/hardware and organisations. Finally, the ISMN started serving data from its new host in December 2022 while keeping the service continuously running throughout the migration. In parallel the team in Vienna developed and launched a new dataviewer. This presentation aims at showcasing new ISMN features as well as recent data contributions as well as next evolution of the ISMN based on synergies and science outcome of the Research and Development activities performed by ESA in the context of the Fiducial Reference Measurements for Soil Moisture (FRM4SM) project.
A comparison of multi-source actual evapotranspiration estimates to derive a combined dataset over Italy
Authors: Cammalleri Carmelo , Corbari Chiara , Mancini Marco
Published: May 2023

Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the key quantities of the hydrological cycle, with a central role in many applications including crop water stress assessments, analysis of green water scarcity and studies on drought conditions. Due to the sparseness of ET measurements, large scale estimates are often based on models, which outputs are usually validated only on a limited number of sites. This results in a large variety in the estimates, with differences in magnitude that can limit engineering applications based on volumes. In this study, five ET datasets are compared over Italy, with the final goal to design a strategy for a robust assessment of a combined product over the climatological reference period 1991-2020 at monthly scale and at a moderate spatial resolution (i.e., 1-km). The datasets analyzed in this study include estimates from: 1) the BIG BANG water balance project; 2) the MODIS satellite product MOD16; 3) the LSA SAF product based on Meteosat; 4) the CEMS-LISFLOOD hydrological model; and 5) the SSEBop simplified surface energy balance. Preliminary results show a good spatial coherence between all the datasets over winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) – mainly driven by the marked north-south gradients during these months – but also non negligible systematic differences in the modeled ET magnitudes. A good consistency between anomaly values is also observed for many datasets. With the aim to preserve both the inter-annual variability and the temporal consistency of the time series, a strategy based on the separation between the climatological dynamic and the monthly anomalies is proposed for the combined dataset.
Historical and future changes on water resources in the Flumendosa basin, Sardinia.
Authors: Corona Roberto , Sirigu serena , Montaldo Nicola
Published: May 2023

In Mediterranean climates during the winter months much of the precipitation recharges sub-surface and surface reservoirs. However, in the late winter and early spring, when vegetation growth conditions are favorable, much of the precipitation can be depleted by transpiration and, furthermore, runoff reduced directly by the increased vegetation cover. In the Mediterranean regions there is the evident effect of climate changes that it is causing several problems on the water resources availability. Several scientists have shown a strong decreasing trend in winter precipitation amounts and an evident shift in how the precipitation is distributed across the winter and spring months. Considering that most of the runoff to surface reservoirs occurs in the winter months and that spring hydrologic response is likely to be influenced strongly by vegetation, these precipitation changes can be considered hydrologically important. Case study is the Flumendosa basin (Sardinia), which is one of the case studies of the ALTOS European project, characterized by a reservoir system that supplies water to the main city of Sardinia, Cagliari. Data are from 42 rain gauges stations (1922-2021 period) over the entire basin and data of runoff are available for the same period. In the Flumendosa reservoir system the average annual input from stream discharge in the latter part of the 20th century was less than half the historic average rate, while the precipitation over the Flumendosa basin has decreased, but not at such a drastic rate as the discharge, suggesting a marked non-linear response of discharge to precipitation changes. We developed and calibrated a distributed hydrological model at basin scale which predicts runoff, soil water storage, evapotranspiration and grass and tree leaf area index (LAI). Hydrometeorological variables provided by the future climate scenarios predicted by Global Climate Model (CMPI-6 MPI-ESM1-2-LR downscaled) have been used as input in the model to predict soil water balance and vegetation dynamics under the future hydrometeorological landcover scenarios. The historical observations highlighted strong negative trends in precipitation series and in the number of wet days (examined using the Mann-Kendall trend test). The results from model application showed that tree dynamics are strongly influenced by the inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing, with tree density changing according to seasonal rainfall. At the same time the tree dynamics affected the soil water balance. We demonstrated that future warmer scenarios would impact the forest, which could be not able to adapt to the increasing droughts. In addition,  future scenarios predict a reduction of the runoff, which is crucial for the dam reservoir recharge. The water resources system planning needs to carefully takes into account the effect of future climate change on water resources and vegetation dynamics.
Leveraging advances in hyper-resolution soil moisture and vegetation land data assimilation for S2S hydroclimate applications
Authors: Vergopolan Noemi
Published: May 2023

Due to soil moisture and vegetation's critical role in controlling land-atmosphere interactions, detailed and accurate hydrological and ecological information is essential to understand, monitor, and predict hydroclimate extremes (e.g., droughts and floods), natural hazards (e.g., wildfires and landslides), irrigation demands, weather, and climate dynamics. While in-situ soil moisture and vegetation biomass measurements can provide detailed information, their representativeness is limited, and networks of sensors are not widely available. Multispectral satellite observations offer global coverage, but retrievals can be infrequent or too coarse to capture the local extremes. This observation data gap limits the use of such information to adequately represent land surface processes and their initialization conditions for seasonal to sub-seasonal (S2S) prediction models. To bridge this gap, the assimilation of remote sensing observations into land surface models at hyper-resolution spatial scales (< 100 meters) provides a pathway forward to (i) reconcile model and observation scales and (ii) enhance S2S hydroclimate predictability in Earth System Models.

To this aim, we introduce a scalable approach that leverages advances in machine learning, radiative transfer modeling, and in-situ observations to assimilate satellite observations into unstructured tile-based land surface models. In this approach, a machine learning model is trained to harness information from big environmental datasets and in-situ observations to learn how the physical model and satellite biases are related to specific hydrologic conditions and landscape characteristics and how these biases evolve over time. We demonstrate the added value of this approach for improving soil moisture and vegetation dynamics at the hyper-resolution scales by assimilating MODIS Leaf Area Index and NASA’s SMAP brightness temperature observations into the LM4.0 – the land model component of the NOAA-GFDL Earth System Model. To this end, we performed stand-alone LM4.0 simulations between 2000 to 2021 over the Continental United States, with the MODIS and SMAP assimilation performed from 2002 and 2015, respectively, until the present day. Soil moisture estimates are evaluated against independent in-situ observations. To quantify the approach added value for S2S predictability, we compare the impact of soil moisture and vegetation data assimilation on root zone soil moisture, runoff, vegetation biomass, surface temperature, and evapotranspiration.
The importance of networks of observatories and research infrastructures in hydrological data collection: the example of Water JPI and Water4All
Authors: Sole Maria Chiara , Lotti Alessandro
Published: May 2023

The importance of mapping Research Infrastructures (RIs) is widely recognized, there are numerous and diverse observatories and research infrastructures dealing with water challenges, both at local, national and European levels.

With the aim to create a network, since 2013, a lot of work has already been done within the Water JPI, an intergovernmental initiative whose mission is to strengthen water RDI collaboration amongst Member States in order to spur Europe’s leadership and competitiveness in the water sector. 

A Water JPI Infrastructures Platform was developed with the aim to support and facilitate the dissemination of information, assessing the existing RIs, to promote active collaboration among institutions and to provide access to world-leading research infrastructures that will enable excellent interdisciplinary research in water topic.

Today, the new European Partnership Water4All - Water Security for the Planet, is making great efforts to continue pursuing this goal: a first mapping report has been produced for assessing possible gaps and identifying synergies between existing structures. One of the main objectives of this mapping is the facilitation of sharing and accessing large-scale and long-term environmental data, in order to cooperate with relevant EU and national actors for developing observation data, their distribution and services for broadening implementation and to enhance the European observing capacity and predicting capabilities of the water cycle at global, regional and basin scales and its impacts on ecosystems.

In parallel, Water4All is developing a platform and a toolbox for water related data by integrating various existing databases and data collected and developed in the research projects funded by Water4All. The objective is to manage water related data thus providing a platform for a more efficient use of the information collected in Water4All following the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse) principles.