bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of FLT3 and PAX5 variants in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case–control study in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Khalid Ammara , Aslam Sara , Ahmed Mehboob , Hasnain Shahida , Aslam Aimen
Published: September 2019

AIMS

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is amongst the most prevalent cancers of children in Pakistan. Genetic variations in FLT3 are associated with auto-phosphorylation of kinase domain that leads to increased proliferation of blast cells. Paired box family of transcription factor (PAX5) plays a critical role in commitment and differentiation of B-cells. Variations in PAX5 are associated with the risk of B-ALL. We aimed to analyze the association of FLT3 and PAX5 polymorphisms with B cell leukemia in Pakistani cohort.

METHODS

We collected 155 B-ALL subject and 155 control blood samples. For analysis, genotyping was done by tetra ARMS-PCR. SPSS was used to check the association of demographic factors of SNPs present in the population with the risk of B-ALL.

RESULTS

Risk allele frequency A at locus 13q12.2 (rs35958982, FLT3) was conspicuous and showed positive association (OR = 2.30, CI [1.20–4.50], P = 0.005) but genotype frequency (OR = 3.67, CI [0.75–18.10], P = 0.088) failed to show any association with the disease. At locus 9p13.2 (rs3780135, PAX5), the risk allele frequency was significantly higher in B-ALL subjects than ancestral allele frequency (OR = 2.17, CI [1.37–3.43], P = 0.000). Genotype frequency analysis of rs3780135 polymorphism exhibited the protective effect (OR = 0.55, CI [0.72–1.83], P = 0.029). At locus 13q12.2 (rs12430881, FLT3), the minor allele frequency G (OR = 1.15, CI [1.37–3.43], P = 0.043) and genotype frequency (OR = 2.52, P = 0.006) reached significance as showed p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, a strong risk of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was associated with rs35958982 and rs12430881 polymorphisms. However, rs3780135 polymorphism showed the protective effect. Additionally, other demographic factors like family history, smoking and consanguinity were also found to be important in risk assessment. We anticipate that the information from genetic variations in this study can aid in therapeutic approach in the future.
“DO TRADICIONAL ELES ESTÃO CANSADOS, ELES NÃO QUEREM MAIS...”: ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENSINO E RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS NAS TURMAS MULTIGERACIONAIS DE EJA
Authors: Weber Daniela Maria , Schwertner Suzana Schwertner Feldens , Quartieri Marli Teresinha
Published: September 2019

Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa com professores da EJA sobre a docência, enfatizando as estratégias de ensino e recursos utilizados. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma amostra de professores da rede pública estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram analisados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) e indicam que os professores utilizam diversas estratégias para o ensino, como trabalhos em duplas ou grupos, aulas expositivas e dialogadas. Entre os recursos, citam os livros, dicionários, vídeos e jogos. A partir das percepções das professoras, há o reconhecimento da importância do uso de estratégias e recursos que se alinhem com as características dos estudantes e com o perfil da turma, de maneira a envolver os estudantes no processo de aprendizagem indiferente da idade que possuem.
A PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA DA (IN)DISCIPLINA ESCOLAR
Authors: Ferreira Adriano Charles , Rosso Ademir José
Published: September 2019

Apresenta um mapeamento de artigos, dissertações e teses sobre o tema da (in)disciplina escolar. A coleta das produções se deu em duas bases eletrônicas Google acadêmico e o banco de dados on line da Capes, com 105 pesquisas (1998-2016). A análise foi processada pelo programa ALCESTE e SIMI. O primeiro emitiu relatório dividindo o corpus textual em quatro classes, o segundo proporcionou a árvore de similitude tendo a indisciplina como eixo central. Os dados foram interpretados frente à análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Os resultados indicaram: a) pluralidade teórico-metodológica; b) dispersão referente ao conceito da (in)disciplina escolar; c) reduzido número de sujeitos investigados; d) aspectos metodológicos insuficientes e alusão a aspectos pedagógicos restritos ao contexto da sala de aula, deixando de perceber fatores mais amplos.
O ACESSO À UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS NO CONTEXTO DE SUA EXPANSÃO
Authors: Rosa Chaiane De Medeiros , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: September 2019

A Universidade Federal de Goiás foi criada em 1960, e, desde então, passou por processo de expansão e interiorização, ampliando o seu atendimento. Contudo, a maior fase de sua expansão ocorreu nos anos 2000, especialmente a partir do Reuni. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender o acesso à essa instituição, no contexto de sua expansão. Para a realização deste estudo, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental, baseada em registros estatísticos disponibilizados pela Pró-Reitoria de Graduação da instituição pesquisada. Esses dados foram com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, fundamentada em aporte teórico sobre a temática em estudo. Como resultado, constatou-se que a UFG se destaca pela qualidade dos cursos oferecidos; pela expansão e interiorização, mas enfrenta o desafio da permanência dos alunos ingressantes.
Treatment Expectancies and Psilocybin vs Escitalopram for Depression
Authors: Dutcher Ethan G. , Krystal Andrew D.
Published: December 2024

This randomized controlled trial secondary analysis examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin compared with escitalopram for major depressive disorder.
Dual‐Sided Field Effect Passivation for Efficient and Stable Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Qiu Mingxuan , Li Wanjun , Luo Yong , Zhao Chuanxi , Zhao Zhijuan , Mai Wenjie
Published: December 2024

The nonradiative recombination presented at the quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite surface/interface limits the overall performance of perovskite photoelectric devices. Here, a dual‐sided field effect passivation (FEP) strategy to reduce nonradiative recombination is reported. By inserting high/low work function dielectric layers between perovskite layer and hole/electron transport layers, the trap state density of perovskite layer is effectively reduced, resulting in a longer carrier lifetime. Besides, the carrier dynamics and the synergistic mechanism of chemical passivation (CP) and FEP are clarified in detail. The interfacial polarization caused by the work function difference between different layers prevents Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination loss of photogenerated electrons/holes and improves interfacial charge transport. Benefiting from it, the passivated photodetector performance has been improved effectively, achieving a dark current of 9.62 × 10−11 A, a linear dynamic range (LDR) width of 171.4 dB, and an ultra‐fast response time low to 430 ns, which are currently the highest reported detection indicators in the Q‐2D perovskite photodetectors. In addition, the dual‐sided field effect passivated intercalation inhibits perovskite decomposition and greatly improves the environmental stability. In future, exploring the synergistic effect of FEP and CP materials for perovskite films is one of the development directions for studying efficient and stable perovskite photoelectric devices.
Flexible and Multifunctional Skin Patch for Clinical Decision Support in Psychiatric Assessment
Authors: Kim Namyun , Lee Soo Hyun , Lee Yi Jae
Published: December 2024

The recent advances in flexible and wearable electronics, along with ubiquitous biosensing technologies have enabled the continuous monitoring of health conditions outside of medical facilities. Health‐monitoring tools based on wearable sensors must be more user‐friendly, informative, and cost‐effective for daily applications owing to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases and mental illnesses. In this study, a flexible and multifunctional skin patch and a custom‐designed application for wirelessly monitoring the wearer's physical and mental health conditions are proposed. The optimized design and soft‐covering materials of the skin patch enable long‐term attachment to the body without causing discomfort or irritation to the wearer. Onboard processing of the signals enables real‐time monitoring and signal acquisition of multiple biomarkers, including the blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), pulse rate variability (PRV), perfusion index (PI), body movement, and temperature during daily activities. The photoplethysmography (PPG)‐based biomarkers acquired from various body sites are compared and calibrated to verify its performance. Demonstrated pilot trial shows the potential application of the skin patch for clinical decision support in psychiatric assessments that can be implemented as an assistive mental illness monitoring system for psychiatrists and researchers.
External validation of the sICOP score for early mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Nishikimi Mitsuaki , Hayashida Kei , Tagami Takashi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Shime Nobuaki , Yamakawa Kazuma
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

The aim of this study was to externally validate the prognostic score for mechanically ventilated patients with novel coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), the simplified intubated COVID‐19 predictive (sICOP) score.

Methods

This was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study conducted using the database registry of patients with moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 at 66 hospitals in Japan. The data of 146 mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients were analyzed.

Results

The areas under the curve (AUC) of the sICOP score for predicting the 28‐day mortality and in‐hospital mortality were 0.81 (0.73–0.89) and 0.74 (0.65–0.83), respectively. The AUC of the score was statistically significantly higher than that of the SOFA score for 28‐day mortality and in‐hospital mortality (28‐day mortality; 0.82 [0.73–0.90] vs. 0.58 [0.46–0.70], p < 0.001, in‐hospital mortality; 0.75 [0.66–0.84] vs 0.55 [0.44–0.66], p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found that the sICOP score was useful for predicting the 28‐day mortality with excellent accuracy in mechanically ventilated COVID‐19 patients in the era prior to the widespread availability of vaccines and effective antivirals. Validation of the score would be needed by using data from recent waves.
Diastereoselective Polypseudorotaxane Formation with Planar Chiral Pillar[5]arenes via Co‐crystallization Processes
Authors: Yasuzawa Kiichi , Wada Keisuke , Fa Shixin , Nagata Yuuya , Kato Kenichi , Ohtani Shunsuke , Mizuno Motohiro , Ogoshi Tomoki
Published: December 2024

As the number of chiral ring molecules in chiral polyrotaxane increases, the number of possible stereoisomers exponentially increases. Consequently, the selective synthesis of a specific stereoisomer becomes much more challenging. To address this problem, we co‐crystallized poly(ethylene glycol) and a diastereomeric ring molecule, pillar[5]arene, in the solid state. The co‐crystallization formed polypseudorotaxanes with a high diastereomeric excess (ca. 88 % de), meaning that polypseudorotaxanes containing (S, pS) stereoisomer pillar[5]arene rings were synthesized selectively. By contrast, in solution and evaporation systems, the selectivity remained low (ca. 10 % de). The results suggested that the packing effect by the co‐crystallization contributed to the denser assembly of ring molecules on the polymeric chain, resulting in the diastereoselective formation. High diastereoselectivity was also observed even in higher‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene glycol)s. These selectivities arose from the cooperative effects of the ring molecules on the polymeric chain, which were supported by calculating the stabilization energy.
Fault tolerance strategy of general nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor fault based on T‐S fuzzy model
Authors: Han Zhixing
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a fault estimation (FE) and sliding mode fault tolerance strategy (SMFTS) scheme based on T‐S fuzzy model are proposed for a class of general nonlinear systems (GNS) that encounter actuator and sensor faults and disturbance. A coordinate transformation is introduced to convert sensor fault into actuator fault. Then, a fuzzy perturbation estimator is established to estimate the detailed fault and disturbance information. Then, a SMFTS scheme is proposed to minimize the damage caused by the faults. Finally, the simulation results show that the designed algorithm can correctly estimate the fault and ensure the system performance after the fault.
Cannabidiol effects in stem cells: A systematic review
Authors: Mesas Cristina , Moreno Javier , Doello Kevin , Peña Mercedes , López‐Romero Juan M. , Prados Jose , Melguizo Consolación
Published: December 2024

Stem cells play a critical role in human tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, cancer stem cells (CSCs), subpopulations of cancer cells sharing similar characteristics as normal stem cells, are responsible for tumor metastasis and resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy and to tumor relapse. Interestingly, all stem cells have cannabinoid receptors, such as cannabidiol (CBD), that perform biological functions. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effect of CBD on both somatic stem cells (SSCs) and CSCs. Of the 276 articles analyzed, 38 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 27 studied the effect of CBD on SSCs, finding that 44% focused on CBD differentiation effect and 56% on its protective activity. On the other hand, 11 articles looked at the effect of CBD on CSCs, including glioblastoma (64%), lung cancer (27%), and breast cancer (only one article). Our results showed that CBD exerted a differentiating and protective effect on SCCs. In addition, this molecule demonstrated an antiproliferative effect on some CSCs, although most of the analyses were performed in vitro. Therefore, although in vivo studies should be necessary to justify its clinical use, CBD and its receptors could be a specific target to act on both SSCs and CSCs.
A Competition‐Based Strategy for the Isolation of an Anti‐Idiotypic Blocking Module and Fine‐Tuning for Conditional Activation of a Therapeutic Antibody
Authors: Habermann Jan , Happel Dominic , Bloch Adrian , Shin Charles , Kolmar Harald
Published: December 2024

The masking of therapeutic antibodies by the installation of a blocking module that can be removed under certain physiological conditions, is becoming increasingly important to improve their safety and toxicity profile. To gain access to such masking units, we used chicken immunization in combination with yeast surface display and a competition‐based FACS screening campaign to obtain anti‐idiotypic single‐chain Fv (scFv) fragments. This approach promotes the identification of functional masking units, since specificity and high affinity do not necessarily guarantee a paratope blocking effect. This strategy was used to isolate a scFv masking unit for the therapeutic antibody 6G11 (BI‐1206), which is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of B‐cell lymphoma to block the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (CD32b). N‐terminal fusion of the anti‐idiotypic scFv to the 6G11 light chain successfully abolished binding to FcγRIIB in vitro. For conditional activation, a cleavable linker for the tumor‐associated protease MMP‐9 was implemented. To improve demasking efficiency, the affinity of the scFv mask was attenuated through rational design. The substitution of one key amino acid in the masking scFv reduced the affinity toward the 6G11 paratope by factor 10 but still mediated 9800‐fold blocking of receptor binding. Proteolytic demasking allowed full recovery of therapeutic antibody function in vitro, supporting the concept of conditional antibody activation using this anti‐idiotypic binding module.
Prepare for the worst: Make evacuation plans accessible
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2024

The 2024 hurricane season had more than its fair share of hurricanes, tornadoes, and tropical storms. Hurricanes Beryl, Debby, Ernesto, Helene, and Milton caused tens of billions of dollars in property damage, including damage to college and university campuses, plus hundreds of deaths. These hurricanes, as well as other natural disasters, serve as a reminder for postsecondary institutions to engage in emergency planning.
A perspective on retirement
Authors: Miles David
Published: December 2024

Way back in 1980, I was hired by a private university as assistant director. This is when my campus public safety career started.
Nickel/Photoredox Catalyzed Aryl‐Alkyl Cross‐Coupling with Alkyl Boronic Esters as Radical Precursors
Authors: Gao Li , Xin Yi‐Xuan , Lv Peizhuo , Xie Xin , Jiang Yuan‐Ye , Liu Yuanhong
Published: December 2024

Nickel/photoredox dual catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl halides with alkylboron compounds is one of the effective methodologies for the construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds. Although elegant results have been achieved by using alkyl trifluoroborates as alkyl radical precursors, the generation of alkyl radicals from readily available alkyl boronic esters is still limited due to their high oxidation potential. We disclosed here that activation of alkyl boronic esters by MeOLi is highly efficient for the generation of alkyl radicals under photocatalysis conditions. The reaction featured with a wide substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, and late‐stage modification of bioactive substances. In addition, the method was also successfully extended to alkyl boronic acids. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicated that the cross‐coupling likely proceeds via a Ni(I)‐catalyzed pathway.
Exploring Simulation–Optimization for Sustainable Groundwater Management: A Critical Review
Authors: Mishra Shreyansh , Gaur Shishir , Kacem Mariem , Ohri Anurag
Published: December 2024

Simulation–optimization (S–O) is a well‐regarded method for solving groundwater (GW) management problems. Although S–O has significantly improved the decision support system for GW management, it still lacks practical applicability. As a result, many researchers have been improving its components, leading to slightly or significantly better performance. To understand these challenges efficiently, this article delves into principal components of S–O that offer in‐depth critical insights into GW's sustainability. The discussed segments are divided into simulation models, optimization methods, categories and conceptualization of management problems, and the formulation of real‐world objective functions. This review also examines surrogate‐assisted simulation models to reduce computational challenges. Methods to address model uncertainty and decision‐making in applying S–O for sustained yield problems are addressed. The review outlays critical steps in S–O methodology and recommends potential research directions to aid researchers in further enhancing the practicality of S–O.
Delineating Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Semi‐Arid Eastern Plains of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Garg Vipin , Kumar Manish , Dashora Milap , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Amit , Kumar Alok
Published: December 2024

Surface and subsurface anomalies, hydrological conditions, and dynamic interactions between embedded thematic layers influence groundwater recharge potential (GRP). Conducting a GRP study plays an essential role in promoting the sustainable use of groundwater resources amid a growing population and unplanned urbanization. This study focuses on assessing GRP in the semi‐arid eastern plains of Rajasthan by delineating groundwater potential zones (GPZs) using an integrated approach involving remote sensing and geographical information system (RS‐GIS) technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Research findings indicate that the region dominated by fine sand, silt and clay, pediment‐pediplain complex, aeolian sand sheet, higher drainage density, cambisols soil, river channels, floodplains, water bodies, soil hydraulic conductivity and higher surface wetness significantly contributed to good recharge potential in plains of the region. Additionally, lineaments, hills and valleys regulate water movement. A strong negative correlation (–0.78) between decadal‐mean‐depth fluctuation and GPZs frequency classes validates identifying high potential zones in areas with low mean‐depth fluctuation. Sensitivity analysis highlights geology and geomorphology as crucial factors. However, the study addresses potential limitations and challenges, such as data scaling and spatial resolution issues due to nonlinear pixel fusion algorithms and AHP method‐related limitations in model interpretation. The current study presents a convenient approach for improving groundwater resource management in hydrogeologically sensitive and drought‐prone regions.
Discovery of Novel Pyrido[2,3‐b]Pyrazine Human Cytomegalovirus Polymerase Inhibitors with Broad Spectrum Antiherpetic Activity and Reduced hERG Inhibition
Authors: Bai Bing , Srinivas Kandadai Appan , Hena Mostofa , Belovodskiy Alexandr , Shen John , Houghton Michael , Nieman James A.
Published: December 2024

The development of non‐nucleoside inhibitors targeting human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) polymerase presents a promising approach for enhancing therapeutic treatment for patients with sustained HCMV viremia. A series of non‐nucleoside HCMV DNA polymerase inhibitors with various substitution groups at 2‐postition of the novel pyrido[2,3‐b]pyrazine core was synthesized and investigated. The study focused on optimizing HCMV polymerase inhibition while minimizing off‐target inhibition of human ether‐à‐go‐go (hERG) ion channel. Several compounds exhibited strong antiviral activity against HCMV (typical EC50<1 μM), with favorable cytotoxicity profiles. A potent lead compound, 27, with an EC50 of 0.33 μM and improved aqueous solubility was identified. Further antiviral assessments revealed the potential of select compounds to target a broad spectrum of herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1, HSV‐2) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV).
Supraspinal Plasticity of Axonal Projections From the Motor Cortex After Spinal Cord Injury in Macaques
Authors: Ueno Satoko , Yamaguchi Reona , Isa Kaoru , Kawasaki Toshinari , Mitsuhashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Kenta , Takahashi Jun , Isa Tadashi
Published: December 2024

During recovery following spinal cord injury in the macaque, the sensorimotor cortex on the same side as the injury (ipsilesional, unaffected) becomes activated and plays a role in guiding movements of the affected hand. Effective regulation of these movements by the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex would depend not only on its ability to send motor commands directly to target muscles but also on coordinated functioning with higher‐level motor planning systems such as the cortico‐basal ganglia and cortico‐cerebellar loops. In this study, using anterograde viral tracers, we analyzed the axonal trajectories of corticofugal fibers from the contralesional (affected) primary motor cortex (M1) at the brainstem level in two macaque monkeys with sub‐hemisection spinal cord injury at the mid‐cervical level. They showed considerable recovery of grasping movements after injury. We found an increase in axonal projections from the contralesional M1 to the contralateral putamen, ipsilateral lateral reticular nucleus, and contralateral pontine nucleus compared to projections from the ipsilesional (unaffected) M1. We propose that these increased projections from the contralesional M1 to the striatum and precerebellar nuclei on the nondominant side may function to recruit the ipsilesional M1 through the cortico‐basal ganglia and cortico‐cerebellar loops to control hand movements on the affected side during recovery.
Hydrothermally Synthesized Bi‐Cr‐Te Nanocomposites With Enhanced Nonlinear Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Supriya S. , Mallik M. , Parida A. , Naik R.
Published: December 2024

This study highlights the importance of exploring BiCrTe nanocomposites to uncover their distinctive properties and potential applications. Three BiCrTe samples were synthesized using hydrothermal methods by varying the concentrations of Bi and Cr while maintaining a constant Te content. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of Bi₂Te₃ and Cr₂Te₃ phases, supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. A reduction in Bi content led to smaller crystallite sizes. Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic vibrational modes associated with Bi₂Te₃ and Cr. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the nanoparticle‐like morphology of the composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided detailed surface composition and electronic structure data, verifying the presence of all constituent elements. UV‐Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a blueshift in absorbance with decreasing Bi content, with bandgap (Eg) values ranging from 3.31 to 3.61 eV. This increase in bandgap correlated with a reduction in refractive index (n). Nonlinear optical (NLO) studies revealed two‐photon absorption behavior, along with a positive nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), third‐order susceptibility (χ (3)), and refractive index (n2). These findings indicate that BiCrTe nanocomposites hold significant promise for advanced optoelectronic applications.
Incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with an insertable cardiac monitor and symptomatic heart failure
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Zile Michael R. , Kahwash Rami , Sarkar Shantanu , Van Dorn Brian , Koehler Jodi , Franco Noreli , Gerritse Bart , Butler Javed
Published: December 2024

Aims

We aim to evaluate the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in a large real‐world cohort of patients implanted with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) who had a clinical history of symptomatic heart failure (HF) with reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods

Patients with an ICM and a history of HF events were identified from the Optum® de‐identified Electronic Health Record dataset merged with an ICM device dataset collected during 2007–2021. All ICM‐detected AF episodes that were available with ≥30‐s of ECG at onset were adjudicated using artificial intelligence (AI model). Episodes with AI model probability of AF ≥ 0.9 were analysed. The Kaplan–Meier incidence of AF as a function of episode duration, history of AF, and LVEF were assessed.

Results

A total of 1020 patients with ICM were identified of whom 911 had ≥180 days of follow‐up and were included. According to the AI model, 358 patients had 8407 episodes of true AF. Incidence of AF at 42 months was 45.6% (44.1% vs. 46.8% in reduced vs. preserved LVEF). Incidence of new‐onset AF was 23.2% (23.3% vs. 22.2% in reduced vs. preserved LVEF) in patients with no clinical history of AF. Patients with new‐onset AF had a higher HF event rate compared with patients who had no clinical history of AF and did not develop AF during follow‐up [OR = 2.73 (1.47–5.09); P = 0.002]. Patients with preserved LVEF had more longer duration paroxysmal AF compared with those with reduced LVEF (44.5% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

AF was observed in almost half of patients with ICM and symptomatic HF. One‐fourth of the patients had new onset AF and a higher rate of HF events compared with patients without AF. AF incidence was similar in patients with preserved and reduced LVEF.
Establishing Gold Standard Assessment for Young Onset Dementia: A Modified E‐Delphi Consensus Survey Based in Australia
Authors: Lau Josyane , Cations Monica , O'Malley Mary , Stamou Vasileios , Oyebode Jan R. , Parkes Jacqueline H. , Carter Janet , Loi Samantha M.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

A modified e‐Delphi was used to explore subject‐expert consensus to create a minimum & gold standard assessment for young‐onset dementia (YOD) for clinicians based in Australia.

Methods

A list of 72 statements adapted from an international study, O'Malley et al. 2020, was included in an online survey that was distributed to clinical experts in the field. Respondents were asked to rate statements on a Likert scale of 1–7 (ranging from ‘1’ being ‘not at all important’ to ‘7’ being ‘absolutely essential’). The mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for each statement. Full consensus, designated as ‘minimum standard’ was defined as 100% of respondents rating statement(s) as ‘absolutely essential’ (7) or ‘very important’ (6), while high consensus, designated as ‘gold standard’ was defined as 80% (16 out of 20) of respondents rating statement(s) as either ‘absolutely essential’ or ‘very important’ in the assessment for YOD. The statements that had overall mean scores below 6 did not reach consensus.

Results

Full consensus was achieved on 13 statements (‘minimum standard’), 80% consensus was reached on 37 statements (‘gold standard’), and no consensus was reached on 35 statements. Most clinicians agreed that the diagnosis of YOD is largely based on history, with less emphasis placed on aspects of the examination and investigations conducted. History of first‐degree family members with YOD and any past psychiatric symptoms were reported to be potential triggers for a YOD diagnosis. There was agreement that the routine dementia blood screen and baseline structural imaging should be a part of the diagnostic assessment criteria of YOD. Comparisons were made between the results of this Australian‐based study to the original international study, which found that 55/72 statements (76%) were similarly rated.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this modified e‐Delphi study, full and high consensus was reached on 37 statements which were comparable to results in an international study. This suggests that in general, clinicians in Australia have agreement with international experts about what is important for the assessment and diagnosis of YOD. Because the statements used in the international study were used in this Australian study, consideration of what issues may be specific to the Australian context such as YOD in Aboriginal Australians and rurality may have not been ascertained. In spite of this, these results may be useful to aid clinicians in their assessment for YOD but consensus statements may change over time as development in knowledge and available tests increases.
Women Autonomy in Health Care Decision Making and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Haile Addisalem , Lonsako Arega Abebe , Kebede Fekadu Abera , Adisu Aklilu , Elias Amanuel , Kasse Tsehaynew
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Women's autonomy in healthcare decision‐making is crucial for improving maternal and child health. Despite its importance, there is limited evidence on autonomous healthcare decision making particularly in postpartum women. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum women's autonomy in healthcare decision making and its associated factors in Chencha town, Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 617 postpartum women in southern Ethiopia from October 1 to November 30, 2023. A study participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through pretested and interviewer administered questionnaire. Following coding and entry into Epi‐data version 3.1, the data were exported into statistical package for social science software (SPSS version 26) for analysis. A logistic regression model was fitted and, variables with p < 0.05 were declared to be significantly associated with women autonomy in healthcare decision‐making.

Results

In this study, 61.6% of postpartum women have autonomous in their health care decision making with 95% confidence interval (CI): 57.4, 65.3. Women age over 35 years (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.7, 6.0), enrollment in community‐based health insurance (AOR = 1.5 95% CI: 1.0, 2.3), having four and above antenatal care visits (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.8), using skilled delivery service (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 2.9, 6.6), having primary educational level (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI: 3.0, 8.0), and secondary and above educational level (AOR = 5, 95% CI: 3.1, 8.0) were positively associated with women autonomy in health care decision making.

Conclusion

This study revealed that majority of postpartum women were autonomous in their healthcare decision making. Maternal age, educational status, enrollment in community‐based health insurance, having frequent ANC follow‐up and using skilled delivery service were factors significantly associated with women's autonomy. Focus should be given to improve women antenatal care follow‐up and the enrollment of community‐based health insurance.
Associations of chronic liver disease and liver cancer with glyphosate and its metabolites in Thailand
Authors: Patel Daxesh P. , Loffredo Christopher A. , Pupacdi Benjarath , Rabibhadana Siritida , Navasumrit Panida , Chaisaingmongkol Jittiporn , Toulabi Leila , Haznadar Majda , Dalal Bhavik , Khan Mohammed , Stone Joshua , Bhudhisawasdi Vajarabhongsa , Lertprasertsuke Nirush , Chotirosniramit Anon , Pairojkul Chawalit , Auewarakul Chirayu U. , Sricharunrat Thaniya , Phornphutkul Kannika , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Budhu Anuradha , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Wang Xin W. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Harris Curtis C. ,   the TIGER‐LC Consortium
Published: December 2024

Glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine], a systemic herbicide, is used globally (825 million kg/year) in 750+ formulations. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate is a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A), but epidemiological studies have been lacking for its association with liver cancer and chronic liver disease. We analyzed urine specimens from 591 patients with newly diagnosed liver cancer, chronic liver disease (CLD), and healthy individuals from five different medical centers between 2011 to 2016 in Thailand. Gas chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (GC‐ESI/MS) was used to quantify glyphosate and its metabolites, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and phosphoric acid (PPA) to study their levels in urine of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and CLD patients in comparison to matched healthy individuals. Significantly higher levels of glyphosate were found in CLD patients compared to HCC cases and hospital controls, while significantly elevated levels of both AMPA and PPA were observed in HCC and CLD patients compared to hospital controls. Glyphosate and its metabolites were also detected at low to moderately high levels in convenience samples of food products and drinking water. These results raise concerns about the potential role of glyphosate in chronic liver disease and liver cancer risk.
Hybrid materials based on covalent organic frameworks for photocatalysis
Authors: Wei Shunhang , Hou Ruipeng , Zhu Qiong , Shakir Imran , Fang Zebo , Duan Xiangfeng , Xu Yuxi
Published: December 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) feature π‐conjugated structure, high porosity, structural regularity, large specific surface area, and good stability, being considered as ideal platform for photocatalytic application. Although single COFs have achieved significant progress in photocatalysis benefiting from their distinctive properties, the COFs‐based hybrids provide an extraordinary opportunity to achieve superior photocatalytic performance. From the perspective of carrier transfer mechanism, a systematic summary of hybrids based on COFs and other functional materials (metal single atoms, metal clusters/nanoparticles, inorganic semiconductors, metal–organic frameworks, and other polymers) can offer valuable guidance for the design of COFs‐based hybrids. In this review, the photocatalytic mechanism for hybrid materials (such as Schottky junction, type II heterojunction, Z‐scheme heterojunction, and S‐scheme heterojunction) is briefly introduced. Subsequently, the performance of COFs‐based hybrids in photocatalytic water splitting, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation are comprehensively reviewed. Specifically, the carrier separation and transfer in different types of hybrids are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects of COFs‐based hybrids for photocatalysis are envisaged. The insights presented in this review are expected to be helpful in the rational design of COFs‐based hybrids to obtain outstanding photocatalytic activity.

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Efficiency and consumer welfare under retail electricity deregulation: Analysis of Ohio's retail choice markets
Authors: Dormady Noah , Welch William , Ji Yufan , Pedron Stephanie , Shafieezadeh Abdollah , Lamadrid Alberto , Hoyt Matthew , Fox Samantha
Published: December 2024

Many critical infrastructure services operate under either price regulation or deregulated systems. The grand policy experiment of deregulation has been heavily studied, but evaluations have been limited at the retail level where end‐user prices are often difficult to obtain. This paper presents an in‐depth look at the retail market for electricity in a retail deregulated, or restructured, market—Ohio. We build and introduce a comprehensive SQL database of every daily filed retail electricity offer over a 9‐year period of study, over two‐million records. We integrate this data with other external data sources and conduct a detailed descriptive analysis of market prices as observed by end consumers at the retail level. We find that the lion's share of “competitive” retail electricity choice offers are more costly to consumers than the utility's default service rate and have higher markups over the wholesale price, and we find that when prices exceed the default rate they do so by a considerably larger margin than when consumers observe savings. We also find that even well‐informed consumers are able to find a welfare‐improving rate relative to the default rate between only 43% and 59% of the time. We conclude with a discussion of implications and root economic causes of the efficiency and consumer welfare problems we observe.
Red blood cell transfusion and the use of intravenous iron in iron‐deficient patients presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Thomas Kevin , Barghi Arvand , Balshaw Robert , Rimmer Emily , Leeies Murdoch , Houston Donald S. , Garland Allan , Zarychanski Ryan , Houston Brett L.
Published: December 2024

Background and aims

Red blood cell transfusions are often used to treat iron‐deficient patients in the emergency department (ED), while treatment with intravenous (IV) iron is preferred, as it increases hemoglobin concentration rapidly and durably. We aim to evaluate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia, frequency of blood transfusion and iron supplementation, and factors associated with blood transfusion in the ED.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients presenting to the St. Boniface Hospital (Winnipeg, Canada) ED from 2014 to 2018. Electronic data obtained from the Emergency Department Information System and Laboratory Information Services databases identified patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia, defined as microcytic (mean corpuscular volume < 75 fL) anemia (hemoglobin < 120 g/L) with either a transferrin saturation <20% or ferritin < 30 µmol/L. Ferritin > 100 µmol excluded iron deficiency anemia. The use of blood transfusions or iron supplementation was determined for each patient. Factors associated with blood transfusion were determined using logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of 39,222 patients, 17,945 (45%) were anemic. In anemic patients, iron parameters were ordered in 1848 (10.3%) and iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed in 910 (5.1%). Ninety‐five patients (10.4%) received one red blood cell unit, and 197 patients (21.6%) received ≥2 units. Oral iron and IV iron were prescribed for 64 (7.0%) and 14 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration was the main determinant for treatment with blood transfusion.

Conclusions

Iron deficiency is underinvestigated among anemic patients presenting to the ED. The only clinical factor associated with red blood cell transfusion in the ED was hemoglobin level, irrespective of symptoms or clinical stability.
Biofabrication of rhamnolipid biosurfactant for nanoparticle stabilization and chitosan immobilized lipase: A green detergent additive
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Debnath Mousumi
Published: December 2024

Biosurfactants prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles by reducing the surface tension and offer stability over time by forming a stable layer on the surface of nanoparticles. The current study focuses on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNP) coated with a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (BS) and its use as an additive in fabric cleaning detergent. Rhamnolipids were extracted from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, Pa84, that was isolated from a halophilic environment, Sambhar Salt Lake, Rajasthan, India. The reduction of silver ions was achieved by the rhamnolipid‐coated SNP (BS‐SNP). BS, SNP, and BS‐SNP demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against a variety of microorganisms. Lipase, present in the crude biosurfactant, was immobilized on modified chitosan microbeads (Ch‐BS‐SNP) and used for washing fabrics. The conjugate was found to be effective as a laundry detergent additive. The immobilized lipase showed high relative activity ranging from 66% to 110% and performed better than free lipase or standards. Our results highlight a potential claim for a commercially viable laundry detergent additive.
RNA Biopesticides: A Cutting‐Edge Approach to Combatting Aquaculture Diseases and Ensuring Food Security
Authors: Li Qiu , Huang Lixing
Published: December 2024

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in addressing global nutritional demands and economic growth. However, the high‐density nature of aquaculture presents significant challenges, including disease outbreaks that hinder production and impact profitability. Diseases are a major concern, with losses exceeding 25%, and new pathogens emerging each year. Traditional pharmaceuticals struggle with drug resistance and environmental harm, raising food safety concerns due to chemical residues. RNA‐based biopesticides offer a promising solution by targeting specific mRNA sequences in pathogens, thereby inhibiting their growth and reproduction. These biopesticides, including siRNA and dsRNA, have shown great potential in managing aquaculture diseases. With high specificity and minimal environmental impact, RNA biopesticides provide an innovative, sustainable approach to combating diseases in aquaculture, enhancing both food security and environmental safety.
Efficacy of carbon nanotube bucky paper for interlaminar damage sensing in composites and fiber‐metal laminates
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Agnihotri Prabhat K.
Published: December 2024

Delamination between adjacent laminas and debonding at the fiber/metal interface are common failure modes in composites and fiber‐metal laminates (FMLs). During the initial stages, these flaws are difficult to detect because of their small size and limited applicability of existing damage‐sensing techniques due to the associated heterogeneity and anisotropy with composites and FMLs. Here, we demonstrate a feasible interlaminar damage‐sensing strategy in composites and FMLs using carbon nanotube (CNT) bucky paper (BP). The microstructure dependence of BP electrical conductivity allows it to sense the damage under varying loading conditions. The accuracy of strain sensing with BP is similar to the commercial 120 Ω strain gauge. The BP sensor accurately detects the interlaminar damage in composites (glass fiber/epoxy, carbon fiber/epoxy) and glass fiber–Al (GLARE) laminates. The delamination is marked by a steep rise in the electrical resistance of BP‐modified coupons. Moreover, the sensing capability of the BP sensor is found to be independent of the electrical conductivity of the tested coupons. Thus, the present approach is applicable to sense the interlaminar damage in a much wider class of structural composites and FMLs.

Highlights

Timely and accurate damage detection in composites is important to ensure their structural integrity.

Electrical resistance of bucky paper (BP) varies with deformation.

Performance of the BP sensor is comparable to the strain gauge at small strains.

BP accurately captures interlaminar damage in composites and FMLs.

BP is suitable for damage sensing in a wider class of layered materials.
Prenatal Diagnosis of ACTG2 Visceral Myopathy Presented With Fetal Megacystis Identified in the Second Trimester
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xia , Liu Na , Zhen Li , Wen Yun‐Jing , Li Dong‐Zhi
Published: December 2024

Variants of the ACTG2 gene cause autosomal dominant ACTG2 visceral myopathy, a disorder of smooth muscle dysfunction of the bladder and gastrointestinal system. Bladder involvement can behave as fetal megacystis (FM). We report four prenatal cases of ACTG2 visceral myopathy. All four cases presented with FM identified by ultrasound in the second trimester. All had invasive genetic investigations during pregnancy, and trio exome sequencing revealed likely pathogenic or pathogenic ACTG2 variants in the fetuses. Three of the four variants were de novo, and one was inherited form mother who had symptoms of smooth muscle dysfunction since childhood. ACTG2 visceral myopathy is the most concern in fetuses with isolated second‐trimester megacystis. Genetic diagnosis of single gene disorders associated with FM is useful in parental counseling, pregnancy management and risk assessment of recurrence in future pregnancy.
Novel Investigation of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Nanostructure Employing 2D Antimonene Material for the Sensitive Detection of Foremost Human Blood Constituents
Authors: Daher Malek G. , Taya Sofyan A. , Faragallah Osama S. , Armghan Ammar , Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Alzahrani Ahmad , Patel Shobhit K.
Published: December 2024

The foremost constituents of human blood are plasma, water, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells. The discovery of these constituents is a very imperative source to identify numerous sicknesses such as anemia, hemophilia, and myeloma. Due to its supporting real‐time explorations, great sensitivity, and simple fabrication with low cost, photonic surface plasmon resonance device (PSPRD) has a massive chance for identifying blood constituents. Kreschmann configuration is based on the projected PSPRD, and the transfer matrix technique is exhausted to analyze the reflectance of PSPRD. The thicknesses of the PSPRD layers have been adjusted to reach the best efficiency. The different constituents of blood have been inspected with their performance parameters. The topmost sensitivity 298 deg RIU−1 is triumphed for RBCs. As a result, it is anticipated that the projected PSPRD is a good candidate for the recognition and revealing of other biomolecules in the future.
Screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (PH‐CLD): A consensus statement from the pulmonary vascular research institute's innovative drug development initiative—group 3 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Vitulo P. , Piccari L. , Wort S. J. , Shlobin O. A. , Kovacs G. , Vizza C. D. , Hassoun P. M. , Olschewski H. , Girgis R. E. , Nikkho S. M. , Nathan S. D.
Published: December 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequent complication of chronic lung disease (CLD). However, PH is difficult to diagnose early since accompanying symptoms overlap and are similar to those of the underlying CLD. In most cases the PH is mild to moderate and therefore physical signs may be absent or subtle. This consensus paper provides insight into the clues that might suggest the presence of occult PH in patients with CLD. An overview of current diagnostic tools and emerging diagnostic technologies is provided as well as guidance for the work‐up and diagnosis of PH in patients with CLD.