bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-World Utilization of Target- and Immunotherapies for Lung Cancer: A Scoping Review of Studies Based on Routinely Collected Electronic Healthcare Data
Authors: Spini Andrea , Hyeraci Giulia , Bartolini Claudia , Donnini Sandra , Rosellini Pietro , Gini Rosa , Ziche Marina , Salvo Francesco , Roberto Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

Routinely collected electronic healthcare data (rcEHD) have a tremendous potential for enriching pre-marketing evidence on target- and immunotherapies used to treat lung cancer (LC). A scoping review was performed to provide a structured overview of available rcEHD-based studies on this topic and to support the execution of future research by facilitating access to pertinent literature both for study design and benchmarking. Eligible studies published between 2016 and 2020 in PubMed and ISI Web of Science were searched. Data source and study characteristics, as well as evidence on drug utilization and survival were extracted. Thirty-two studies were included. Twenty-six studies used North American data, while three used European data only. Thirteen studies linked ≥1 data source types among administrative/claims data, cancer registries and medical/health records. Twenty-nine studies retrieved cancer-related information from medical records/cancer registries and 31 studies retrieved information on drug utilization or survival from medical records or administrative/claim data. Most part of studies concerned non-small-cell-LC patients (29 out of 32) while none focused on small-cell-LC. Study cohorts ranged between 85 to 81,983 patients. Only two studies described first-line utilization of immunotherapies. Results from this review will serve as a starting point for the execution of future rcEHD-based studies on innovative LC pharmacotherapies.
Significant Decrease in Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment after Ten-Year Sustainable Development in Huaxi Reservoir Located in Guiyang, Southwestern China
Authors: Zhou Xiangyang , Zhou Kejia , Liu Rong , Sun Shanggui , Guo Xinqiang , Yang Yanni , Chen Lixia , Zou Kun , Lei Wenjuan
Published: July 2021

In the Karst area of southwestern China, the heavy metals in the sediment of a reservoir are determined by both human activities and the high background values. Thus, this study explores the change of heavy metals in surface sediment after ten-year sustainable development in the upstream areas of a reservoir, Huaxi Reservoir, located in Guiyang of southwestern China, then evaluates the risk of these heavy metals to water environment systematically and finally identifies the sources in both 2019 and 2009. The results reveal that all of the measured heavy metals decrease dramatically and their spatial distributions change from the increase-decrease pattern to decrease-increase pattern, implying different locations of main source input. The risk indices based on the total or average content and relative or reference values have decreased to the lowest level. However, those indices calculated from the absolute content of each metalloid still show a low or a moderate risk because of the high background value, such as As and Cr. Moreover, although only one main source of heavy metals is identified in both 2019 and 2009, the risk from human activities still cannot be neglected because agricultural production and infrastructure construction would promote the weathering of soil and then these heavy metals from the soil will be brought into the reservoir with the rainfall-runoff process. The high background value of specific heavy metals, e.g., As and Cr would still exert some challenges to the water environment protections because the non-point source input of heavy metal cannot be controlled easily by promulgating a series of bans. These results provide important reference for creating the policies of water environment protection, especially in some Karst area of southwestern China that exhibits high background value of heavy metals.
Identification of Groundwater Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of a Landfill in a Low Permeability Area
Authors: Wang Fei , Song Kai , He Xuelian , Peng Yue , Liu Dan , Liu Jian
Published: July 2021

The shallow weathering fissure groundwater in the red-bed area of Southwest China is usually the only drinking water source for most rural residents. In this study, a typical landfill with surrounding residents drinking unpurified groundwater in red-bed area was selected and water quality detection, groundwater numerical simulation and human health risk assessment were used to identify and assess groundwater pollution in the region. The chemical type evolved from HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg and HCO3-SO4-Ca to Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 contaminated by the landfill. Na+ and Cl− were selected as factors for rapid identification of groundwater pollution. Subsequent analyses using these factors showed that the leachate pollution plume boundary was 190 m downstream of the landfill. Analysis of the redox conditions revealed that the area from the landfill to 5 m downstream was the reduction zone, while the area beyond 5 m was the oxidation zone. The migration and attenuation patterns of inorganic salts (such as SO42−) and heavy metals (such as Fe and Mn) in the oxidation and reduction zones differed obviously. Meanwhile, the organic pollutants in the leachate were reduced and decomposed into organic acids, which caused the groundwater 80 m downstream of the landfill to become weakly acidic (pH ranged from 6.51 to 6.83), and promoted re-entry of adsorbed heavy metals (such as Pb) into the groundwater. The groundwater risk assessment based on human health revealed that lead, manganese, chlorobenzene, dichloroethane and chloroform constituted a major health threat to the residents. The rank of non-carcinogenic risk was lead >manganese, and the maximum area of non-carcinogenic risk was 15,485 m2. The total carcinogenic risk caused by organic pollutants was 7.9 × 10−6, and the area of the carcinogenic risk zone was 11,414 m2. Overall, the results of this study provide a scientific basis for management of drinking water and groundwater remediation in the red-bed area with low permeability.
Assessment of Water Resources Carrying Risk and the Coping Behaviors of the Government and the Public
Authors: Zhang Ning , Wang Zichen , Zhang Lan , Yang Xiao
Published: July 2021

The carrying capacity of water resources is of great significance to economic and social development, eco-environmental protection, and public health. The per capita water resources in Zhejiang Province is only 2280.8 m3, which is more likely to cause the risk of water resources carrying capacity in the case of water shortage. Therefore, this paper applies Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Entropy-Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the vulnerability of disaster-bearers and the risk of disaster-causing factors; it comprehensively evaluates the risk of water resources carrying capacity in Zhejiang Province by constructing risk matrix and ranking scores. The specific results are as follows: According to the comprehensive evaluation of the vulnerability of disaster-bearers in Zhejiang Province from the three aspects of supporting force, regulating force, and pressure, the overall performance was good. In particular, the role of supporting force is the most obvious. In the risk of disaster factors, it was found that industrial structure, climate change, water use efficiency, and population structure have great influence, showing that southern Zhejiang is at a greater risk than northern Zhejiang, and western Zhejiang is at a greater risk than eastern Zhejiang, but the overall score gap is not large. Combining the two results, the order of water resources carrying risk in Zhejiang Province from low to high was Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Jinhua, Quzhou, Wenzhou, Lishui, Taizhou, and Zhoushan. Finally, according to the development planning of different cities, the coping behaviors of the government and the public regarding water resources carrying risk are put forward.
Intrauterine Exposures and Maternal Health Status during Pregnancy in Relation to Later Child Health: A Review of Pregnancy Cohort Studies in Europe
Authors: Pandolfini Chiara , Ricci Cristian , Siziba Linda Precious , Huhn Sebastian , Genuneit Jon , Bonati Maurizio
Published: July 2021

We show a description of pregnancy cohorts in the European region. Our investigation identified 66 pregnancy cohorts, mostly hosted in Western Central Europe. Among these 66 cohorts, 24 began recruitment before the year 2000, while six cohorts are still enrolling. The most common topics were lifestyle, environment and nutrition with allergies and neurodevelopment being a minority. We observed a pattern of positive correlations between data collected using medical records, structured interviews, and the collection of biological samples. Objectively assessed data were negatively correlated with self-administered questionnaires. Eight cohorts addressed intrauterine exposure, focusing on environmental pollutants such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The effects of these compounds on the developing foetus have been studied greatly, but more research on their effects is still needed. Many cohorts investigated genetics through the collection of biological samples from the mothers and children, to improve knowledge on the mother-to-child transmission of genetic information, antibodies, microbiota, etc. Paediatric epidemiology represents an important field of research since preserving healthy lives from conception onwards is the most efficient way to improve population health. According to our report, it seems that this field of research is well developed in Europe, where numerous high profile studies are currently ongoing.
Parkinson’s Disease: Personalized Pathway of Care for Device-Aided Therapies (DAT) and the Role of Continuous Objective Monitoring (COM) Using Wearable Sensors
Authors: Metta Vinod , Batzu Lucia , Leta Valentina , Trivedi Dhaval , Powdleska Aleksandra , Mridula Kandadai Rukmini , Kukle Prashanth , Goyal Vinay , Borgohain Rupam , Chung-Faye Guy , Chaudhuri K. Ray
Published: July 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative condition. Advanced PD is complicated by erratic gastric absorption, delayed gastric emptying in turn causing medication overload, and hence the emergence of motor and non-motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, which is initially predictable and then becomes unpredictable. As the patient progresses to the advanced stage, advanced Parkinson’s disease (APD) is characterized by refractory motor and non motor fluctuations, unpredictable OFF periods, and troublesome dyskinesias. The management of APD is a complex affair. There is growing recognition that GI dysfunction is common in PD, with virtually the entire GI system (the upper and lower GI tracts) causing problems from dribbling to defecation. The management of PD should focus on personalized care addressing both motor and non-motor symptoms, ideally including not only dopamine replacement but also associated non-dopaminergic circuits, particularly focusing on noradrenergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic therapies bypassing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by infusion or device-aided therapies (DAT), including levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel infusion, apomorphine subcutaneous infusion, and deep brain stimulation, which are available in many countries for the management of the advanced stage of Parkinson’s disease (APD). The PKG (KinetiGrap) can be used as a continuous objective monitoring (COM) aid, as a screening tool to help to identify advanced PD (APD) patients suitable for DAT, and can thus improve clinical outcomes.
A Global Survey of Current Zoo Housing and Husbandry Practices for Fossa: A Preliminary Review
Authors: Harley Jessica J. , O’Hara Lisa , Rose Paul E.
Published: July 2021

The fossa is a specialized Malagasy carnivore housed in ex situ facilities since the late 19th century. Moderate breeding success has occurred since the 1970s, and welfare issues (notably stereotypic pacing behaviour) are commonly documented. To understand challenges relating to fossa housing and husbandry (H&H) across global facilities and to identify areas of good practice that dovetail with available husbandry standards, a survey was distributed to ZIMS-registered zoos in 2017. Results showed that outdoor housing area and volume varied greatly across facilities, the majority of fossa expressed unnatural behaviours, with pacing behaviour the most frequently observed. All fossa received enrichment, and most had public access restricted to one or two sides of the enclosure. The majority of fossa were locked in/out as part of their daily management and forty-one percent of the fossa surveyed as breeding individuals bred at the zoo. Dense cover within an enclosure, restricted public viewing areas, a variable feeding schedule and limited view of another species from the fossa exhibit appear to reduce the risk of unnatural behavior being performed. The achievement of best practice fossa husbandry may be a challenge due to its specialized ecology, the limited wild information guiding captive care, and the range of housing dimensions and exhibit features provided by zoos that makes identification of standardized practices difficult. We recommended that holders evaluate how and when enrichment is provided and assess what they are providing for environmental complexity as well as consider how the public views their fossa.
Electrosprayed Shrimp and Mushroom Nanochitins on Cellulose Tissue for Skin Contact Application
Authors: Azimi Bahareh , Ricci Claudio , Fusco Alessandra , Zavagna Lorenzo , Linari Stefano , Donnarumma Giovanna , Hadrich Ahdi , Cinelli Patrizia , Coltelli Maria-Beatrice , Danti Serena , Lazzeri Andrea
Published: July 2021

Cosmetics has recently focused on biobased skin-compatible materials. Materials from natural sources can be used to produce more sustainable skin contact products with enhanced bioactivity. Surface functionalization using natural-based nano/microparticles is thus a subject of study, aimed at better understanding the skin compatibility of many biopolymers also deriving from biowaste. This research investigated electrospray as a method for surface modification of cellulose tissues with chitin nanofibrils (CNs) using two different sources—namely, vegetable (i.e., from fungi), and animal (from crustaceans)—and different solvent systems to obtain a biobased and skin-compatible product. The surface of cellulose tissues was uniformly decorated with electrosprayed CNs. Biological analysis revealed that all treated samples were suitable for skin applications since human dermal keratinocytes (i.e., HaCaT cells) successfully adhered to the processed tissues and were viable after being in contact with released substances in culture media. These results indicate that the use of solvents did not affect the final cytocompatibility due to their effective evaporation during the electrospray process. Such treatments did not also affect the characteristics of cellulose; in addition, they showed promising anti-inflammatory and indirect antimicrobial activity toward dermal keratinocytes in vitro. Specifically, cellulosic substrates decorated with nanochitins from shrimp showed strong immunomodulatory activity by first upregulating then downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas nanochitins from mushrooms displayed an overall anti-inflammatory activity via a slight decrement of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and increment of the anti-inflammatory marker. Electrospray could represent a green method for surface modification of sustainable and biofunctional skincare products.
Indole- and Pyrazole-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives as PTP1B Inhibitors: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: De-la-Cruz-Martínez Ledy , Duran-Becerra Constanza , González-Andrade Martin , Páez-Franco José C. , Germán-Acacio Juan Manuel , Espinosa-Chávez Julio , Torres-Valencia J. Martin , Pérez-Villanueva Jaime , Palacios-Espinosa Juan Francisco , Soria-Arteche Olivia , Cortés-Benítez Francisco
Published: July 2021

Regulating insulin and leptin levels using a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor is an attractive strategy to treat diabetes and obesity. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a triterpenoid, may weakly inhibit this enzyme. Nonetheless, semisynthetic derivatives of GA have not been developed as PTP1B inhibitors to date. Herein we describe the synthesis and evaluation of two series of indole- and N-phenylpyrazole-GA derivatives (4a–f and 5a–f). We measured their inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics against PTP1B using p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) assay. GA derivatives bearing substituted indoles or N-phenylpyrazoles fused to their A-ring showed a 50% inhibitory concentration for PTP1B in a range from 2.5 to 10.1 µM. The trifluoromethyl derivative of indole-GA (4f) exhibited non-competitive inhibition of PTP1B as well as higher potency (IC50 = 2.5 µM) than that of positive controls ursolic acid (IC50 = 5.6 µM), claramine (IC50 = 13.7 µM) and suramin (IC50 = 4.1 µM). Finally, docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided the theoretical basis for the favorable activity of the designed compounds.
Targeting Inflammation by Anthocyanins as the Novel Therapeutic Potential for Chronic Diseases: An Update
Authors: Kozłowska Aleksandra , Dzierżanowski Tomasz
Published: July 2021

Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) and oxidative stress act as cooperative and synergistic partners in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are involved in regulating the inflammatory state and activating the endogenous antioxidant defenses. Anthocyanins’ effects on inflammatory markers are promising and may have the potential to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, translating these research findings into clinical practice would effectively contribute to the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. The present narrative review summarizes the results of clinical studies from the last 5 years in the context of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative role of anthocyanins in both health and disease. There is evidence to indicate that anthocyanins supplementation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory markers among the healthy and chronic disease population. Although the inconsistencies between the result of randomized control trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses were also observed. Regarding anthocyanins’ effects on inflammatory markers, there is a need for long-term clinical trials allowing for the quantifiable progression of inflammation. The present review can help clinicians and other health care professionals understand the importance of anthocyanins use in patients with chronic diseases.
Lignin Quantification of Papyri by TGA—Not a Good Idea
Authors: Bausch Florian , Owusu Dickson D. , Jusner Paul , Rosado Mario J. , Rencoret Jorge , Rosner Sabine , del Río José C. , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje
Published: July 2021

Papyri belong to the oldest writing grounds in history. Their conservation is of the highest importance in preserving our cultural heritage, which is best achieved based on an extensive knowledge of the materials’ constituents to choose a tailored conservation approach. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) has been widely employed to quantify cellulose and lignin in papyrus sheets, yielding reported lignin contents of 25% to 40%. In this work, the TGA method conventionally used for papyrus samples was repeated and compared to other lignin determination approaches (Klason-lignin and acetyl bromide-soluble lignin). TGA can lead to a large overestimation of the lignin content of commercial papyrus sheets (~27%) compared to the other methods (~5%). A similar overestimation of the lignin content was found for the pith and rind of the native papyrus plant. We concluded that the TGA method should, therefore, not be used for lignin quantification.
Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata
Authors: Wititkornkul Boontarikaan , Hulme Benjamin J. , Tomes John J. , Allen Nathan R. , Davis Chelsea N. , Davey Sarah D. , Cookson Alan R. , Phillips Helen C. , Hegarty Matthew J. , Swain Martin T. , Brophy Peter M. , Wonfor Ruth E. , Morphew Russell M.
Published: July 2021

Anoplocephala perfoliata is a neglected gastro-intestinal tapeworm, commonly infecting horses worldwide. Molecular investigation of A. perfoliata is hampered by a lack of tools to better understand the host–parasite interface. This interface is likely influenced by parasite derived immune modulators released in the secretome as free proteins or components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, adult RNA was sequenced and de novo assembled to generate the first A. perfoliata transcriptome. In addition, excretory secretory products (ESP) from adult A. perfoliata were collected and EVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography, prior to proteomic analysis of the EVs, the EV surface and EV depleted ESP. Transcriptome analysis revealed 454 sequences homologous to known helminth immune modulators including two novel Sigma class GSTs, five α-HSP90s, and three α-enolases with isoforms of all three observed within the proteomic analysis of the secretome. Furthermore, secretome proteomics identified common helminth proteins across each sample with known EV markers, such as annexins and tetraspanins, observed in EV fractions. Importantly, 49 of the 454 putative immune modulators were identified across the secretome proteomics contained within and on the surface of EVs in addition to those identified in free ESP. This work provides the molecular tools for A. perfoliata to reveal key players in the host–parasite interaction within the horse host.
Cerebral Organoids Derived from a Parkinson’s Patient Exhibit Unique Pathogenesis from Chikungunya Virus Infection When Compared to a Non-Parkinson’s Patient
Authors: Schultz Emily M. , Jones TyAnthony J. , Xu Sibei , Dean Dana D. , Zechmann Bernd , Barr Kelli L.
Published: July 2021

(1) Background: Arboviruses of medical and veterinary significance have been identified on all seven continents, with every human and animal population at risk for exposure. Like arboviruses, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are found wherever there are humans. Significant differences in baseline gene and protein expression have been determined between human-induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from non-Parkinson’s disease individuals and from individuals with Parkinson’s disease. It was hypothesized that these inherent differences could impact cerebral organoid responses to viral infection. (2) Methods: In this study, cerebral organoids from a non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s patient were infected with Chikungunya virus and observed for two weeks. (3) Results: Parkinson’s organoids lost mass and exhibited a differential antiviral response different from non-Parkinson’s organoids. Neurotransmission data from both infected non-Parkinson’s and Parkinson’s organoids had dysregulation of IL-1, IL-10, and IL-6. These cytokines are associated with mood and could be contributing to persistent depression seen in patients following CHIKV infection. Both organoid types had increased expression of CXCL10, which is linked to demyelination. (4) Conclusions: The differential antiviral response of Parkinson’s organoids compared with non-Parkinson’s organoids highlights the need for more research in neurotropic infections in a neurologically compromised host.
Interaction of TLK1 and AKTIP as a Potential Regulator of AKT Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Khalil Md Imtiaz , Madere Christopher , Ghosh Ishita , Adam Rosalyn M. , De Benedetti Arrigo
Published: July 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) progression is characterized by the emergence of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). AKT/PKB has been directly implicated in PCa progression, often due to the loss of PTEN and activation of PI3K>PDK1>AKT signaling. However, the regulatory network of AKT remains incompletely defined. Here, we describe the functional significance of AKTIP in PCa cell growth. AKTIP, identified in an interactome analysis as a substrate of TLK1B (that itself is elevated following ADT), enhances the association of AKT with PDK1 and its phosphorylation at T308 and S473. The interaction between TLK1 and AKTIP led to AKTIP phosphorylation at T22 and S237. The inactivation of TLK1 led to reduced AKT phosphorylation, which was potentiated with AKTIP knockdown. The TLK1 inhibitor J54 inhibited the growth of the LNCaP cells attributed to reduced AKT activation. However, LNCaP cells that expressed constitutively active, membrane-enriched Myr-AKT (which is expected to be active, even in the absence of AKTIP) were also growth-inhibited with J54. This suggested that other pathways (like TLK1>NEK1>YAP) regulating proliferation are also suppressed and can mediate growth inhibition, despite compensation by Myr-AKT. Nonetheless, further investigation of the potential role of TLK1>AKTIP>AKT in suppressing apoptosis, and conversely its reversal with J54, is warranted.
Pharmaceutical Formulations with P-Glycoprotein Inhibitory Effect as Promising Approaches for Enhancing Oral Drug Absorption and Bioavailability
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Thao-Linh , Duong Van-An , Maeng Han-Joo
Published: July 2021

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is crucial in the active transport of various substrates with diverse structures out of cells, resulting in poor intestinal permeation and limited bioavailability following oral administration. P-gp inhibitors, including small molecule drugs, natural constituents, and pharmaceutically inert excipients, have been exploited to overcome P-gp efflux and enhance the oral absorption and bioavailability of many P-gp substrates. The co-administration of small molecule P-gp inhibitors with P-gp substrates can result in drug–drug interactions and increased side effects due to the pharmacological activity of these molecules. On the other hand, pharmaceutically inert excipients, including polymers, surfactants, and lipid-based excipients, are safe, pharmaceutically acceptable, and are not absorbed from the gut. Notably, they can be incorporated in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug solubility, absorption, and bioavailability due to the formulation itself and the P-gp inhibitory effects of the excipients. Different formulations with inherent P-gp inhibitory activity have been developed. These include micelles, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, microspheres, dendrimers, and solid dispersions. They can bypass P-gp by different mechanisms related to their properties. In this review, we briefly introduce P-gp and P-gp inhibitors, and we extensively summarize the current development of oral drug delivery systems that can bypass and inhibit P-gp to improve the oral absorption and bioavailability of P-gp substrates. Since many drugs are limited by P-gp-mediated efflux, this review is helpful for designing suitable formulations of P-gp substrates to enhance their oral absorption and bioavailability.
New Insights into Anthelmintic Mechanisms of Action of a Synthetic Peptide: An Ultrastructural and Nanomechanical Approach
Authors: Soares Alexandra M. S. , Alencar Luciana M. R. , Dias Lucas P. , Lima Ruana C. , Rocha Silva Carolina , Santos-Oliveira Ralph , Oliveira Jose T. A. , Junior Livio M. C. , Souza Pedro F. N.
Published: July 2021

Resistant nematodes are not affected by the most common drugs commercially available. In the search for new anthelmintics, peptides have been investigated. Here, a linear synthetic peptide named RcAlb-PepIII bioinspired from the antimicrobial protein Rc-2S-Alb was designed, synthesized, and tested against barber pole worm Haemonchus contortus. The physicochemical properties of the peptide, the 3D structure model, the egg hatch inhibition, and larval development inhibition of H. contortus were carried out. Additionally, the ultrastructure of the nematode after treatment with the peptide was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The RcAlb-PepIII inhibited the larval development of H. contortus with an EC50 of 90 µM and did not affect egg hatch. Atomic force microscopy reveals the high affinity of RcAlb-PepIII with the cuticle of H. contortus in the L2 stage. It also shows the deposition of RcAlb-PepIII onto the surface of the cuticle, forming a structure similar to a film that reduces the roughness and mean square roughness (Rq) of it. In conclusion, the bioinspired RcAlb-PepIII has the potential to be used as a new anthelmintic compound to control gastrointestinal nematode parasites.
Antibacterial Biopolymer Gel Coating on Meshes Used for Abdominal Hernia Repair Promotes Effective Wound Repair in the Presence of Infection
Authors: Benito-Martínez Selma , Pérez-Köhler Bárbara , Rodríguez Marta , García-Moreno Francisca , Gómez-Gil Verónica , Pascual Gemma , Bellón Juan Manuel
Published: July 2021

Prosthetic mesh infection is a devastating complication of abdominal hernia repair which impairs natural healing in the implant area, leading to increased rates of patient morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. This preclinical study was designed to assess the effects on abdominal wall tissue repair of coating meshes with a chlorhexidine or rifampicin-carboxymethylcellulose biopolymer gel in a Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection model. Partial abdominal wall defects were created in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 20). Four study groups were established according to whether the meshes were coated or not with each of the antibacterial gels. Three groups were inoculated with S. aureus and finally repaired with lightweight polypropylene mesh. Fourteen days after surgery, implanted meshes were recovered for analysis of the gene and protein expression of collagens, macrophage phenotypes, and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Compared to uncoated meshes, those coated with either biopolymer gel showed higher collagen 1/3 messenger RNA and collagen I protein expression, relatively increased VEGF mRNA expression, a significantly reduced macrophage response, and lower relative amounts of MMPs mRNAs. Our findings suggest that following mesh implant these coatings may help improving abdominal wall tissue repair in the presence of infection.
Study of Segregation in Non-Dilute Solutions of Linear Diblock Copolymers and Symmetric Miktoarm (or Janus Star) Polymers Using Monte Carlo Simulations with the Bond Fluctuation Model
Authors: Freire Juan J.
Published: July 2021

The bond fluctuation model was employed to characterize the approach to the mesophase separation transition of pure linear AB copolymers and symmetric miktoarms, also called Janus, star polymers, Af/2Bf/2 , where f = 6 or 12 is the total number of arms, in a common good solvent. We consider a concentration sufficiently high to mimic the melting behavior and also a lower concentration. The segregation between A and B units is represented by a repulsive interaction parameter, . Different total numbers of units are also considered. Results for different properties, such as the molecular size, the asphericity and orientational correlation of blocks, or arms, of different compositions are obtained as a function of the segregation parameter. We also calculate scattering structure factors. The initial effect of segregation on the scattering with opposite contrast factors between the A and B blocks can be explained with a common description based on the random phase approximation for both the linear copolymers and the f = 6 miktoarms, once the numerical form factors of the different molecules in their particular systems are considered. However, the results for f = 12 clearly deviate from this description probably due to some degree of ordering in the position of highly armed molecules.
Highlighting Thermo-Elastic Effects in Confined Fluids
Authors: Kume Eni , Baroni Patrick , Noirez Laurence
Published: July 2021

The recent identification of a finite shear elasticity in mesoscopic fluids has motivated the search of other solid-like properties of liquids. We present an innovative thermal approach of liquids. We identify a dynamic thermo-elastic mesoscopic behavior by building the thermal image produced by different liquids upon applying a low frequency mechanical shear field. We selected three fluids: a low molecular weight polybutylacrylate (PBuA), polypropyleneglycol (PPG), and glycerol. We demonstrate that a part of the energy of the shear strain is converted in cold and hot shear bands varying synchronously with the applied shear field. This thermodynamic change suggests a coupling to shear elastic modes in agreement with the low frequency shear elasticity theoretically foreseen and experimentally demonstrated.
Legal regulation of public service in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Aksenov I. A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the issues of legal regulation of public service in the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. Based on the study of the theoretical and legal foundations of the State service in customs authorities, the main problems of the legal regulation of the State service in customs authorities were identified and the main directions for improving the mechanism of legal regulation of the State service in customs authorities were outlined.
Social Responsibility of the Employer: Creating a Problem
Authors: Krasnoyarova E. V.
Published: July 2021

Issues of social responsibility of the employer are relevant. Employers, through collective bargaining and local regulations, can establish social guarantees for employees. The article analyses the concept of social responsibility, explores the mechanisms for establishing social norms by the employer, and makes proposals for improving labour and social legislation.
On some issues of international legal and national regulation of working hours in pandemic conditions COVID-19
Authors: Izbienova T. A.
Published: July 2021

The global pandemic COVID-19 provoked a sharp increase in the remote labor of workers, which required the establishment of special rules for recording working hours in order to protect physical and mental health, and a revision of existing legislative approaches to accounting for hours worked, outside the inpatient workplace. Having studied the international legal regulation of this issue, as well as the experience of European countries and Russian legislation, the author proposes to adjust approaches to accounting for working time in remote (remote) labor conditions, fixing in it provisions aimed at protecting the rest time and health of citizens.

English version of this article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/issues-of-international-legal-and-national-regulation-of-labour-time-in-the-conditions-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/63650.html
El cuento pictográfico como herramienta para el desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de tres años
Authors: Remache Fanny
Published: July 2021

Los cuentos pictográficos son una herramienta utilizada por educadores parvularios para fomentar el desarrollo del lenguaje. Se basan en cuentos que se complementan con imágenes que permiten una mayor comprensión del contexto. En esta investigación se analizó la importancia que tiene la aplicación de los cuentos pictográficos para el desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños de 3 años. Para el efecto, se planteó una investigación cuantitativa que se aplicó a través de una ficha de observación a 27 niños de 3 años, que asistieron durante el año 2019 al Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Perpetuo Socorro en la ciudad de Cuenca. Los datos de la muestra fueron comparados con los resultados de la aplicación de la ficha de observación en niños durante el 2018, en los cuales no se aplicó la herramienta de los cuentos pictográficos. Los resultados mostraron un desarrollo del lenguaje mayor en los niveles de pronunciación y elocución cuando se utiliza la mencionada técnica. Se concluyó con la importancia de incluir cuentos pictográficos para el desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños de 3 años.
INFLUÊNCIA DE CAMPOS MAGNÉTICOS NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE CUCUMIS MELO L
Authors: da Rocha Francisco Angelo Gurgel , de Deus Michel Santana , da Silva Emerson Santana , Marinheiro Rodolfo Henriqueda Silva , da Silva Warley Evangelista
Published: July 2021

Avaliou-se a ação de campos magnéticos sobre a germinação/desenvolvimento de 1080 sementes de Cucumis melo L. Em comparação ao grupo Controle, maiores taxas de germinação, produção de biomassa e desenvolvimento do sistema radicular foram observadas em todos as intensidades de campo testadas (15 mT, 25 mT e 35 mT), sob exposição equivalente a 5 e 10 minutos. A ação inibitória foi observada nas mesmas intensidades, no tempo de exposição equivalente a 15 minutos.
OS IMPACTOS NA EDUCAÇÃO, DO PROGRAMA LUZ PARA TODOS, NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: das Neves José Antônio Moreira
Published: July 2021

A educação no campo, dos povos do campo é um processo ainda em construção. Com características distintas da realidade urbana, o campo foi por longo tempo esquecido. Recentemente, o que significa menos de duas décadas, o campo passou a ser lembrado através de políticas públicas mais efetivas. Entre essas se podem destacar o Programa Luz para Todos (PLT), uma iniciativa do governo Federal, juntamente com os Estados, Municípios e as concessionárias de energia elétrica para estender o abastecimento elétrico a regiões distantes dos centros urbanos. O estudo apresentado trata da influência da luz elétrica no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos que residem no campo, especificamente, na cidade de Canguçu, no sul do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, realizou-se em uma escola na zona rural daquela cidade, onde se entrevistou professores, membros diretivos e alunos que participaram da chegada da luz elétrica na região. Utilizando-se a técnica da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, realizou-se a verificação dos relatos obtidos durante as entrevistas. Assim, a pesquisa aponta para o entendimento de que a luz elétrica no campo, para os alunos cujas famílias foram beneficiadas pelo PLT, melhoraram seus aproveitamentos escolares, uma vez que a luz elétrica alterou de forma positiva a rotina e o comportamento dos educandos e o período noturno, nas residências, estabelece-se como outro espaço e momento para o aprendizado.
РОЛЬ СКВОЗНЫХ ЦИФРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В РАЗВИТИИ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙ
Authors: OSITIS A.P. , EFIMUSHKIN V.A.
Published: July 2021

The potential possibilities and areas of application of end-to-end digital technologies (EDT) in telecommunications are considered. The federal project “Digital Technologies” includes roadmaps of activities for eleven EDTs, among which EDT 5G directly focused on the development of telecommunications. It is shown that, although other EDTs and their sub-technologies are not explicitly related to telecommunications, nevertheless the impact of the achievements in the field of these EDTs on the development of communications can hardly be overestimated.

Рассматриваются потенциальные возможности и области применения сквозных цифровых технологий (СЦТ) в телекоммуникациях. Федеральный проект «Цифровые технологии» включает дорожные карты мероприятий по одиннадцати СЦТ, среди которых СЦТ 5G напрямую ориентирована на развитие телекоммуникаций. Показано, что, хотя другие СЦТ и их субтехнологии в явном виде не связаны с телекоммуникациями, влияние достижений в области этих СЦТ на развитие связи трудно переоценить.
MODEL OF THREATS TO INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK RESOURCES AS A KEY ASSET OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: САЕНКО И.Б. , ЛАУТА О.С. , КАРПОВ М.А. , КРИБЕЛЬ А.М.
Published: July 2021

Проведен анализ наиболее крупных классификационных моделей компьютерных атак. Предложена классификация, в основу которой положены основные тенденции реализации атак на практике. Новый подход к классификации компьютерных атак на критически важные объекты инфраструктуры учитывает десять компонентов цикла угрозы: от комплексного изучения объекта воздействия до реализации атаки.

The analysis of the largest classification models of computer attacks is carried out. It is proposed the classification, which formed on the basis of the main trends in the implementation of attacks in practice. A new approach to the classification of computer attacks on critical infrastructure objects takes into account ten components of the threat cycle: from a comprehensive study of an object of influence to the implementation of an attack.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF LINE-CABLE STRUCTURES OF TRANSPORT MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION
Authors: АНДРЕЕВ В.А. , БУРДИН В.А. , ДАШКОВ М.В. , ПОПОВ В.Б.
Published: July 2021

Анализируется опыт технической эксплуатации линейно-кабельных сооружений (ЛКС) транспортной многоканальной коммуникации (ТМК). Показано, что действующие сегодня в России нормативно-технические акты применять к технологии ЛКС ТМК нельзя; требуется разработать новый документ - «Руководство по проведению планово-профилактических и аварийно-восстановительных работ на линейно-кабельных сооружениях транспортной многоканальной коммуникации».

The experience of technical operation of line-cable structures of transport multichannel communication is analyzed. It is shown that in Russia it is impossible to apply the current guidance documents to the technology linear-cable structures of transport-multichannel communication. It is necessary to develop a new guidance document “Guidelines for implementation of scheduled preventive and emergency recovery works at line-cable structures of transport multichannel communications”.
The effect of socio-economic status and environmental factors on the academic performance of students at Asmara College of Education
Authors: Yohannes Solomie , Yemane Tesfahiwet , Okbay Maekele
Published: July 2021

This study examines whether various environmental factors and the socio-economic status of families influence academic achievement (cumulative grade point average) of students at Asmara College of Education (Asmara, Eritrea). A questionnaire survey was conducted among students to gather information on this subject. Descriptive statistics, crosstabs, Person chi-squared tests were used and analysis of variance was performed by the authors to study data. The results indicate that none of the variables examined, except gender of students and learning resources pro-vided by their families to them, affect cumulative grade point averages. Many students perceive that their academic achievement could be improved instead by building intrinsic motivation, plan-ning, and effective time management. Furthermore, Eritrea provides free education at all levels, including higher institutions, which thereby minimizes socio-economic constraints and provides equal opportunities to all citizens. However, parents should pay attention to their children to im-prove their academic performance, while colleges should also support students by providing a conducive environment for learning.
Test for asymmetry on the ex-pump price of premium gasoline in Ghana, Kenya, and Colombia
Authors: Klutse Senanu Kwasi , Kiss Gábor Dávid
Published: July 2021

Once again, the World has been faced with an oil price shock as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. This has resurrected an old debate of whether retail fuel prices adjust significantly to either increases or decreases in international crude oil prices. With many countries moving towards the deregulation of their petroleum sub-sector, the impact of the US dollar exchange rate on retail fuel prices cannot be overlooked. This study investigates the rate at which positive and negative changes in international Brent crude oil prices and the US dollar exchange rate affected the increases or decreases in the ex-pump price of premium gasoline between February 2012 and December 2019. Using a non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag model, the exchange rate was found to play a significant role in fluctuations in the retail price of premium gasoline in Ghana and Colombia in the long run, howev-er, the rate of adjustment between the negative and positive changes was not significant, dispelling the perception of price asymmetry. There was no significant relationship between the ex-pump price of premium gasoline and the international Brent crude oil price in Ghana and Kenya in the long run. This study recommends that the aforementioned countries prioritise the creation of ex-change rate buffers to prevent exchange rate shocks that may affect retail fuel prices.
Interaction of State Bodies of the EAEU Member States in the Field of Protection of Constitutional Rights and Freedoms of a Person and a Citizen in Migration Legal Relations
Authors: Polunina A. V.
Published: July 2021

The author examines the issues of interaction between the state bodies of the EAEU Member States in the field of protection of constitutional rights and the freedoms of man and citizen in migration legal relations. The article presents the legal acts regulating the main forms of cooperation between the state bodies of the EAEU Member States in the field of migration. Based on the received arguments, the author proposes a draft regulatory act “The concept of integration interaction of state bodies of the EAEU Member States on migration and high-quality employment of migrants of the EAEU for 2025– 2030”, as well as to develop and implement the integration system of personalized accounting of the EAEU — “Migration”.
Importance of Social and Criminological Analysis of the Domestic Sphere of Society Life in Preventing Family Crime
Authors: Gavrilova O. V. , Nosenkov A. P. , Smolyakov A. A.
Published: July 2021

Article provides a socio-criminological analysis of the sphere of everyday life, gives definitions of this concept by specialists in various fields of knowledge. The influence of the family on the commission of domestic crimes is considered. It is noted that in Russia there is a long overdue need for the adoption at the state level of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence.
On the Integrated and Sustainable Development of the Territory of Russia
Authors: Sharyapova E. A. , Lopatinskiy I. V. , Subbotina M. A.
Published: July 2021

The topic of the article is relevant due to changes in urban planning legislation. The new legislation is explained by the tasks set by the authorities of the Russian Federation to improve the quality of life, to ensure favorable living conditions and health of citizens of the Russian Federation. The new requirements for the development of territories in the Russian Federation provide not only for changing the procedure, but also for providing transport, social and other types of infrastructure during the construction of the object. A new concept in urban planning legislation — the activity of integrated and sustainable development of territories-entails a whole range of measures necessary for adoption not only by the authorities, but also in the design of the activities of construction companies. First of all, urban planning changes will affect such a legal act as the Rules of Land Use and Development. They will not only have to be structurally updated, but also adopted in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Construction companies are forced to coordinate the construction of an object, especially residential buildings, with organizations that regulate transport and social accessibility. Additional requirements for construction, imposed by modern urban planning legislation, will also entail a change in the price policy in the field of housing. The authors try to anticipate the pos sible legal consequences of the new changes in the legislation regulating urban planning legal relations.
Comportamiento de la captación bancaria en México
Authors: González Méndez Héctor E
Published: July 2021

Identificar la influencia que ejercen las variables implícitas en un análisis de la demanda de dinero sobre la captación bancaria
La encuesta de turismo receptivo: Reporte metodológico
Authors: Vargas Aguayo Alberto
Published: July 2021

El objetivo principal ha sido el de mejorar desde el punto de vista estadístico la información referente al turismo que procede del exterior, así como el de divulgar este tipo de técnicas.