bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicative Identifiers as a Means of Constructing the Profile of a Gifted Speech Person
Authors: Ilyukhin Nikita , Maksimova Svetlana , Matsyupa Kseniya
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to communicative representation of a gifted speech person. It provides linguistic analysis of communicative behavior of some characters from modern movies in English with the aim to reconstruct their profiles by distinguishing a set of communicative identifiers.The authors estimate specificity in connections between the identifiers, the detail and the stage context as the most important tools for assembling the image of the character in a movie. It is stated that the main criterion is the repeatability of the element.The nature of the repeated elements and their significance in the process of character's image construction are defined, their classifications are proposed. It has been established that the communicative identifiers of a gifted speech person could be set as verbal and non-verbal (material) elements.The verbal identifiers are ranked by the nature of relationship between the repeating elements and the movie character and distributed into motivated (directly indicating the dominant feature of the gifted speech person), and unmotivated (connected with the characteristics of the gifted speech person indirectly) types.Non-verbal (material) identifiers are divided into general (characterizing a gifted speech person in general) and specific (describing a certain character) types.The functions of verbal and non-verbal identifiers have been stated as accumulating (the repeating element points to the main feature of the person's image), and mnemonic (the repeating element creates associative links with the character).
Phonetic Peculiarities of the French Language of Cameroon
Authors: Blazhevich Yuliya
Published: January 2020

Phonetic peculiarities of the territorial variant of the French language in Cameroon have been considered in the article. Audio- and video recordings of French-speaking Cameroonians have been used for the study. Significant divergences between the phonetic systems of the French language of the former metropolis and its Cameroonian version have been detected in the systems of vowels and consonants as well as on the prosodic level. The analysis proves that local Cameroonian languages being L1 of the speakers interfere with the French language of Cameroon as articulation habits of mother tongues are transferred into their speech in the French language. In the vowel system we have detected the following phonological phenomena: substitution of French sounds by the L1 ones, denasalization, diphthongization of vowels, change of sound length and use of epenthesis. In the consonant system such phenomena as substitution, devoicing, voicing, palatalization, sound opposition attenuation and consonant cluster simplification have been detected. Alterations are also observed on the prosodic level where L1 interference manifests in the form of excess tone marking transferred into French which is characteristic of most indigenous African languages. Four groups of accents spoken in Cameroon are also singled out and their main characteristics are described in the article.
Orthographic Norm and Grammatical Homonymy
Authors: Kharchenko Svetlana
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the relevant linguistic issue of correlation between word spelling and the distinction of units belonging to different grammatical classes. The concepts of word and part of speech are contrasted. The author has revealed the peculiarities of lexical units functioning in written speech, which enables their part-of-speech status identification. The analysis of criteria, suggested by the linguists for differentiation of homonymous adverbs, preposition-and-case-form combinations, and derivative prepositions resulted in proposing a procedure of consecutive operations, accomplished to identify the part-of-speech status of grammatically homonymous words. The results of the linguistic experiment show how in speech practice native speakers solve the problems of part of speech determination and establishing the spelling of such words. It was revealed that the methods for distinguishing grammatical homonyms used by recipients, in many cases, do not lead to the correct solution. The existing codified guidelines are not applied while writing, as spelling of the major part of grammatically homonymous words does not meet the requirements of the norm. To solve the problem under consideration, it is necessary to adjust the content of spelling rules and change the spelling of a number of words, where traditional spelling principles are reflected.
The First German Grammar in Russia: Creation and Sources
Authors: Kareva Nataliya , Pivovarov Evgeniy
Published: January 2020

Die Teutsche Grammatica... by M. Schwanwitz (St. Petersburg, 1730) was the first German grammar printed in Russia. It was bilingual: Russian and German sections were parallel. The Russian text reflected the diversity and variability of the new, early 18 th century "civil" literary language. The article authors describe linguistic terminology of Schwanwitz's textbook, study editorial changes made during its creation and examples corpus used in the grammar, first of all, anthroponyms. Comparative analysis of the structure, content and illustrative material of Schwanwitz's grammar and Die deutsche Grammatica... by Charmyntes (Berlin, 1713) allows us to conclude that Charmyntes's grammar was not the only source of the academic textbook. In cases where Schwanwitz borrowed material from the German source, he critically rethought and rewrote the original. The authors disagree with the assertion outspoken in scientific literature that Schwanwitz's work was for the most part imitative to Die deutsche Grammatica... by Charmyntes and that the Berlin edition should be considered as a conductor of the Western model of grammatical description in Russia. Study of Die Teutsche Grammatica... creation allows to conclude that lack of its author's formal education case was atoned by rich practical experience, ability to learn a lot and quickly and obvious desire to become a philologist recognized by contemporaries.
Pluperfect Auxiliaries in the Russian Language of the 14th – 16th Centuries
Authors: Zimmerling Anton
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the syntax of the past tense auxiliaries in the vernacular Old Russian plusperfect construction of the type дал был, дал есми был. I prove that the past tense auxiliaries behaved as enclitics both with the order дал есми был and with the order дал был есми. The order of the pluperfect auxiliaries reflects different types of a clitic template characteristic of late Old Russian dialects. In the 15 th century, the order <дал> есми был was characteristic for the official style of the Moscow charters, while Polotsk charters from the same period generalized the reversed order <дал> был есми. In the 16 th century, the order <дал> был есми has established in the Moscow official tradition as well. The pluperfect auxiliaries were excluded from the clause-initial position and other non-enclitic positions, sentences of the type *#был есмь дал ~ #был дал есмь are not attested. In the clause-internal position, both groups of the Old Russian dialects grammaticalized the fixed contact order of the auxiliaries #...был есми... дал ~ #дал был есми irrespective of the position of the verb. This distribution proves that the pluperfect auxiliaries in the Old Russian texts from the 14 th –16 th centuries have the features typical of the clustering enclitics in the world's languages with Wackernagel's law.
Means of Creating the Advertising Effects in the Creolized Texts of Marketing Communication
Authors: Selemeneva Olga
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the issue of linguistic and paralinguistic means of creating some psychological techniques in marketing communication. Advertising text is considered as an example of a complex linguistic-and-visual phenomenon, which is represented by two heterogeneous parts: verbal and nonverbal. The author identifies and describes the system of means aimed at forming the effects of recipient's emotional involvement and gradually increasing attention. The study is carried out on the material of creolized commercial advertising texts published in international and Russian magazines in 2018. Verbal means of creating the effect of emotional involvement includes the words with semantic component of intellectual and aesthetic evaluation, abstract nouns, declarative exclamatory sentences and imperatives. The effect of gradually increasing the recipient's attention is achieved by using the words of utilitarian, normative and teleological evaluation, some affixal morphemes, such as: ультра-, сверх-, супер-; adjectives in comparative and superlative degree, cardinal numerals, lexical repetitions, interrogative sentences, parceled and compressed utterances, expressive syntactic constructions and other means. On the nonverbal level, the effects of emotional experiences, and the effect of gradually increasing the recipient's attention are achieved through paralinguistic means: type variation, the combination of colours, spatial-planar variation of the text, the images.
On Expediency of Dividing Public Needs in the Sphere of Purchases of Goods, Works and Services into General and Intra-Organizational Ones
Authors: Kikavets Vitaliy
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the financial support of the public interest in the sphere of procurement is inextricably linked with the needs of the state in goods, works and services. At the same time, both state and municipal purchases include, as a rule, not only public needs aimed at performing the state functions, but also the needs of the existence and functioning of the customer as the executor of the state functions. Taking this into account, the purpose of the study is to assess the subject of the author’s hypothesis on the need to exclude the phrases “state and municipal needs” from the normative legal acts regulating the sphere of procurement, and enshrine at the statutory level a single general concept of “public needs”, as well as mandatorily divide them into general and intra-organizational ones. Methods: the methodological framework for the research consists of the following methods of scientific knowledge: historicism, systematicity, analysis, synthesis and comparative law. The results of the analysis of the normative legal acts regulating the sphere of procurement, the doctrinal literature and real practice allowed us to establish that the budget financing provides the planned and approved customer needs for goods, works, services, which also include the functioning of the customer. The use of the concept of “needs” and their confusion under the name of “state and municipal needs”, do not correspond to the meaning of “need”, which is a form of realization of the state functions. The concept of “needs” is more often used, both in connection with the implementation of the will and desire of the subject, and the implementation of actions against his will and desire, when he/she is forced by external circumstances or certain forces. The concept of “needs”, as a rule, assumes the presence of the subject’s own will to achieve a certain goal associated with the need to ensure its existence and activity. Needs are the basis of the manifestation of the subject’s interest to achieve something, and the interest itself acts as a conscious need. Needs are not always directed to the interest of the subject. Conclusions: the study revealed that in order to unify the conceptual apparatus in the sphere of procurement, it is necessary to introduce and legalize a single concept of “public needs”, which will not only reflect its essence and content, but also contribute to the uniformity of its use by the state and municipal customers, state corporations and other customers involved in ensuring public needs. The division of “public needs” into general and intra-organizational ones will allow all stakeholders to clearly assess both the necessity for the declared needs and the amounts declared for funding from the budget. This, if it does not increase the efficiency of budget spending, will at least contribute to their optimization.
Production and Economic Complex as an Organizational and Legal (Corporate) Model of Association and Prospects for Its Development in Russia
Authors: Krasilnikova Tatiana
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the paper is a comprehensive study of the legal problems of creation and operation of industrial and economic complexes. It notes the need to take into account the experience of functioning such associations of economic entities to ensure the social orientation of corporate associations. The purpose of the work is to determine the legal nature of a production and economic complex, a kind of which is the financial and industrial group in modern conditions and to identify the features of its legal capacity in the context of the civil law theory and practice. To achieve the goal, such methods of scientific knowledge as the historical and legal, comparative and formal legal ones were used. Results: the stages of formation and development of production and economic complexes in Russia are considered, their corporate structure is defined, and their features which are general and distinguished from modern types of business associations are revealed. The paper reveals the economic and legal nature of such complexes, their role in the process of cooperation of the national economy. Conclusions: modern corporate enterprises are a kind of production and economic complexes.
Desultory Remarks on the Legislative Improvement of the Russian Federation in the Field of Cross-Border Marriage and Family Relations
Authors: Ilovaisky Igor , Dolgova Valeria
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Russian society is regularly shaken by the reports of the Russian families who have left for permanent residence abroad. It is shocking that abroad, as it turns out, for one reason or another, often far-fetched, it is possible to withdraw children from the family and commit them to more trustworthy, if it seems so to the competent authorities, adoptive parents, to accuse a mother of kidnapping her own child, if she took the child to Russia, to refuse the recognition of the validity of marriages if they were concluded in the territory of this country, etc. All these cases show that the legal regulators that exist in that regard in Russia do not clearly work in other states and do not create sufficient guarantees of respect for the rights of Russian nationals. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to consider the current state and prospects of normative improvement of the domestic norms of private international law in the regulation of cross-border family and marriage relations. Methods: the research is based on the use of logical, dialectical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, comparative legal and legal-technical analysis of wording of normative acts and materials of the law enforcement practice. The study was the analysis of Russia’s participation in the standardized agreements both of conflict and substantive nature in the field of international marriage and family relations and the status of the national law in this area. The results of the review became the basis for the conclusion that the Russian legislator was not sufficiently attentive to the processes of international unification and harmonization of the norms governing marriage and family relations with a foreign element. In this regard, the proposals were made to improve the current domestic family law and the acts of law enforcement practice.
Civil Law Aspects of Bankruptsy of Debtor’s Property
Authors: Petukhova Irina
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the amount of satisfied creditors’ claims in completed debtor insolvency cases raises concerns and necessitates a change in the approaches used in bankruptcy proceedings. In this connection, the author aims to study the civil law problems relating to the disposal of the debtor’s property – a legal entity in bankruptcy. The research will use such general scientific methods of cognition as synthesis and analysis, as well as such specific scientific methods of cognition as systemic and formal legal ones. Results: analyzing the legal theories, law enforcement practice and the current bankruptcy legislation, the author identified the problematic issues arising from the bankruptcy of the debtor’s property in bankruptcy procedures. Conclusions: adhering to the point of view that the theory of constraint of legal capacity (capability) of the debtor is fundamental in the legislative regulation of bankruptcy relations, the author identified the problematic aspects in determining the time of commencement of such constraint, the debtor’s property assets to be disposed of in bankruptcy proceedings.
Amber – Natural Wealth out of Criminal Protection
Authors: Barkhatova Ekaterina , Belomestnov Nikita
Published: January 2020

Introduction: amber, not being, in fact, a precious stone, is of great strategic importance, having a significant impact on the formation of the state economic policy in the field of regulating the circulation of natural resources. That is why amber is included in the list of strategic resources for the purposes of art. 2261 of the Criminal Code, and often is the subject of smuggling. Unique amber formations in cases stipulated by federal law are equated to precious stones. At the same time, the criminal law protection of amber from illicit trafficking is imperfect, which determined the purpose of the work – to develop recommendations for strengthening the criminal law protection of amber and unique amber formations as a strategically important resource. Methods: the methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach, as well as a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which should be distinguished methods of analysis and synthesis, dialectical, logical, specific sociological methods of knowledge. Conclusion: the authors have identified contradictions in federal legislation that impede the full-fledged criminal law protection of amber as a strategically important resource and in some cases a stone equivalent to a precious one. In addition, revealed contradictions concerning the subject of regulation of art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a whole. On the basis of criminological analysis, the economic importance of amber and unique amber formations, as well as the need to protect it from unlawful encroachment, is substantiated. Based on the analysis of the provisions of criminal law, as well as the Federal Law “On Precious Metals and Precious Stones”, the authors formulated proposals for improving the criminal law, which provides for liability for illegal trafficking in precious metals, natural gems or pearls.
Smart Contract: The Concept, Legal Nature, Features of Conclusion and Execution
Authors: Safarli Nizami
Published: January 2020

Introduction: the paper is devoted to a new phenomenon in business activity in the conditions of IT development that contribute to the creation of secure contractual relations on the Internet on the basis of transactions executed through smart contracts. The author notes that the need for amendments that could fill the loopholes in the current legislation is obvious. And, first of all, it concerns Blockchain technology – the algorithm that mediates the safe development, conclusion and execution of smart contracts. Blockchain technology is considered in the paper as one of the safest means for concluding and executing smart contracts. The author argues that the study of the concept, legal nature and essence of smart contracts is relevant in the light of spreading their share in the total array of transactions in the world economy in conjunction with the changing domestic legislation governing the relevant sphere, as well as the international integration processes affecting the intensification of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation. The smart contract concepts formulated by the Russian legislator in the process of upgrading the array of statutory regulation under conditions of economy digitalization are studied and compared. The features of conclusion and protection of the smart contract in the civil legislation of the Russian Federation are analyzed. In order to fully articulate the concept of the smart contract, reflecting its essence, functional purpose and legal nature, it is proposed to create a special law that would focus on the conclusion and implementation of “the smart contract” and the specification of the general norms of the civil code. At the same time, the norms of other special laws would supplement and correct the provisions fixed by this act depending on the sphere of managing and the legal regulation branch. The concept of the smart contract is formulated; its value for economic and contractual activity, and also the advantages and disadvantages of its application are established. The possible classifications of smart contracts are given.
Shaking table study of the influence of facing on reinforced soil wall connection loads
Authors: Xu P. , Hatami K. , Jiang G.
Published: January 2020

Reinforcement plays an important role in seismic stability and performance of reinforced soil retaining walls, and accurate assessment of reinforcement connection loads is an essential step in internal stability analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls using pseudo-static methods. However, the influence that the choice of wall facing could have on reinforcement connection loads is not adequately addressed in the current pseudo-static methods of analysis. In this study, two shaking table tests were carried out on full-height panel and modular block reinforced soil retaining wall models in order to examine the influence of facing type on the connection loads in the two models. The magnitudes and distributions of measured connection loads in the two models are compared with each other and against predictions from two pseudo-static methods. Results of this study shows that reinforcement connection loads are primarily influenced by the outward inertial force of the facing rather than dynamic earth pressure. Predicted connection loads from the Bathurst and the FHWA method showed better agreements with the measured results on the modular block and full-height panel wall models, respectively.
Structural dynamic probabilistic evaluation using a surrogate model and genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Yuan-Zhuo , Zheng Xiao-Ya , Lu Cheng , Zhu Shun-Peng
Published: January 2020

To improve the computational accuracy and efficiency of dynamic probabilistic analysis of complex structures, an extremum Kriging method (EKM) with multi-population genetic algorithm (MPGA) is proposed fusing extremum response surface method (ERSM), Kriging model and MPGA. Particularly, the EKM is developed by combining the Kriging model and ERSM to handle dynamic processes of related variables and to reduce computational burden by regarding the extreme value of response process in each dynamic analysis within the time domain. The MPGA is used to replace gradient decent to find the hyperparameter θ in the Kriging model by solving the maximum-likelihood equation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by performing the dynamic probabilistic analysis of an aeroengine high-pressure compressor blisk radial running deformation with fluid-thermal-structural interaction. The analytical results illustrate that the reliability degree of the blisk is 0·9956 under the allowable value uallow = 1·75 × 10−3 m, and gas temperature is the leading factor against output response, followed by rotational speed, inlet velocity, material density and outlet pressure. Moreover, the developed MPGA-EKM is superior to other methods in computational accuracy and efficiency. The efforts of this study provide a useful insight to design complex structures and enrich mechanical reliability theory.
İslam Hukukunda Kadının Evlilikle Sabit Olan Mali Hakları
Authors: ÇALIK Bünyamin
Published: January 2020

Evlilik,
İslam'ın çok büyük önem verdiği konulardan birisidir. Evlilik sözleşmesinden
doğan bazı hukuki haklar vardır. Bu çalışmamızda, evlilikle sabit olan
haklardan kadının mali haklarını islam hukuku perspektifinde tespit etmeye
çalıştık. İslâm hukukunun kadının haklarını tespit ve tayin noktasında ortaya
koyduğu en önemli hususlardan birisi de mali edinimlerdir.

Hak,
hukukun, bir başka ifade ile şeriatın bir yetki veya yükümlülük/sorumluluk
olmak üzere benimsediği, kişiye ait olan şeylerdir. Evlilikten doğan malî
haklar olarak, mehir, nafaka ve mirastan özet olarak bahsedildi.

Mehir,
evlenme esnasında kadına bu isimle ödenen mal ve benzeri şeylerdir. Başka bir
ifadeyle evlilikte kadının nikâh akdi sonucunda hak kazandığı mal veya meblağ
anlamında bir fıkıh terimidir. Kitap, Sünnet ve fıkıh literatüründe mehir
kelimesi yerine, eş anlamda; “sadûk”, “saduka”, “nıhle”, “farîza”, “ecr”,
“hıbâ”, “ukr”, “alâik”, “tavl” ve “nikâh” kelimeleri de kullanılır.

Nafaka,
infak edilen şey, azık, yiyecek, ev reisinin sağlamak zorunda olduğu yiyecek,
giyecek, mesken ve benzeri şeylere denir. “ Nafaka-
نفق” kökünden infâk; hayır yolunda mal sarf etmek anlamına gelir.
Nafakanın çoğulu “nafakât-نفقات” tır. Bir terim
olarak yiyecek, giyecek ve meskenden kişiye yetecek miktar anlamında
kullanılır.

Nafaka
genel olarak ikiye ayrılır:

1.
Kişinin nefsine/kendisine gerekli olan nafaka

2.
Kişinin başkalarına vermesi gereken nafaka

Miras,
ölenin geride bıraktığı mal ve haklar demektir. Çoğulu “mevârîs” tir. Kelimenin
“ورث” kökünden “إرث”
mastarı, bir kimsenin malının ölümünden sonra hukuki mirasçılarına intikal
etmesi demektir. Aynı kökten, “tevârüs”; karşılıklı mirasçı olmak veya bir
kimsenin diğerine mirasçı olması; “vâris” mirasçı; “muris”, miras bırakan;
“terike”, ölenin bıraktığı miras anlamlarında kullanılır. Miras ilmi anlamında
kullanılan başka bir terimde “Ferâiz” dir. Bunun tekili olan “farîza”; farz,
belirli pay, hisse demektir. Ferâiz, İslâm miras hukuku terimi olarak
kullanıldığında, belirli miras hisseleri anlamını ifade eder.
Aufklärung, alteuropäisch. Wie Jürgen Habermas der Religion begegnet
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: January 2020

Gewiss ist es wenig seriös, sich nach nur einmaliger Lektüre der gut 1750 Druckseiten von Jürgen Habermas' Spätwerk gleich an den Laptop zu setzen. Aber die Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte hat den einflussreichsten, oft argumentativ prägnantesten "öffentlichen Intellektuellen" der Bundesrepublik und weltweit gefeierten Meisterdenker der zweiten Generation Kritischer Theorie bisher so gut wie nicht wahrgenommen, seinen schmittianisch inspirierten Gegnern hingegen einige Aufmerksamheit geschenkt. Deshalb folge ich der Einladung der Redaktion, nahezu zeitgleich mit dem Erscheinen des in vielen Hinsichten großartigen Werkes einige erste Anmerkungen zur sicher schnell einsetztenden Debatte beizusteuern.
Begegnungen mit Harich
Authors: Maercker Andreas
Published: January 2020

Der Zufall hat es gewollt, das Ivan Illich im Ost-Berliner theologischen "Sprachkonvikt" in der Bergstraße, meinem kurzzeitigen Studentenwohnheim, einen Vortrag zum Dies Academicus hielt und dann noch einige Zeit mit mir in Kontakt blieb, sodass ich ihn bitten konnte, mir Wolfang Harichs Adresse zu besorgen. Aus den Westmedien hatte ich erfahren, dass "der Ost-Berliner Philosoph und Regimekritiker der 1950er Jahre W.H." kürzlich nach ein paar Jahren in Wien wieder nach Oste-Berlin zurückgekehrt war. Ich sellbst war 22 Jahre, Medizinstudent und allgemein interessiert an Philosophie, wie so viele junge Menschen.
Meineckes Katastrophe
Authors: Laube Reinhard
Published: January 2020

Friedrich Meineckes Buch Die deutsche Katasptrophe hatte bereits 1946 im Jahhr der Erstpublikationen drei Auflagen und wurde rasch zu einem großen publizistischen Erfolg. In kurzer Zeit erschienen zahlreiche Rezensionen, Übersetzungen in europäische und außereuopäische Sprachen und weitere Ausgaben für den deutschsprachigen Buchmarkt. Die deutsche Katastrophe war ein Buchtitel, der in der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit auf Zustimmung hoffen durfte, insbesondere in dem bürgerlichen Milieu, an das es sich durchaus selbstkritisch richtete.
«ich bin keiner von uns»
Authors: Später Jörg
Published: January 2020

Hans Magnus Enzensberger wird 90 Jahre alt. In diesem Frühjahr erschienen Eine Experten-Revue in 89 Nummern, im letzten Herbst Eine Handvoll Anekdoten aus seinem Kinder- und Jugendjahren im Ditten Reich. Nach Tumult über die 1960er-Jahre, seinen Lieblings-Flops und zahlreichen Interviews sind dies weiter, wenn auch literarisierte Beiträge zu seinem Lebenslauf - obwohl er, wie er kokett wiederhlt gesagt hat, eigentlich gar kein Interessa an autobiographischen Dingen hat. Zudem häufen sich die akademischen Arbeiten über diese exzeptionelle Figur des literarischen Lebens. 2014 hatte Enzensberger dem DLA sein schriftstellerisches Archiv mit rund 100 Archivkästchen übergeben.
An einem starken Baum ein kräftges Ende finden
Authors: Fanzun Sebastien
Published: January 2020

Wo Robert Musils Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (1930) mit der Kollision eines Laswegens und eines Fußgängers beginnt, endet F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Greate Gatsby (1925) mit dem Zusammenstoß eines Personenwagens mit einer Fußgängerin. Als würde Musils Text diese auf den ersten Blick wilde - unverhoffte - Zusammenstellung mit einem amerikanischen Gegenpart selbst bekräftigen wollen, unternimmt Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften einen transatlantischen Brückenschlag, gekleidet in die nur auf den ersten Blick kühle Sprache der Empirie: "Nach dem amerikanischen Statistiken", so bemerkt ein informierter Zeuge des LKW-Unfalls, "werden dort jährlich durch Autos 190.000 Personen getötet und 450.000 verletzt."
Begegnung mit Robotern
Authors: Lenzen Manuela
Published: January 2020

Da ist er ja! Die Austellungsmacher hatten ihn auf allen Plakaten angekündigt, jetzt steht Roboter Pepper, wie immer ganz in Weiß, inmitten von Menschen, die auf ihn einreden, mit den Häönden vor seinen leuchtenden Augen herumwedeln oder versuchen, seine Hand zu schütteln. Pepper schaut mal nach rechts, mal nach links, mal bleibt sein Blick an einem Gesicht hängen: " Hallo, ich bin Pepper, kann ich Ihnen helfen?", wiederholt er ein ums andere Mal. Es sei zu laut, zu durcheinander, entschuldigt ihn sein Betreuer. Bald verlieren die Neugierigen das Interesse, Pepper bleibt allein zurück.
Die zerstörte Metropole. Berlin zwischen den Zeiten, 1943–1947
Authors: Hoffmann Stefan-Ludwig
Published: January 2020

Im Sommer 1920 stellt die Vossische Zeitung dem Berliner Architekturkritiker Karl Scheffler die Frage: "Wie sieht der Potsdammer Platz in 25 Jahren aus?" Scheffler gab nicht eine, sondern drei verschiedene Antworten in Form eines erfundenen Gesprächs mit einigen Bekannte im Café Josty, dem beliebten Literatentreffpunkt am Potsdammer Platz.
NEUTRONIC AND THERMAL HYDRAULICS ANALYSIS OF CONTROL ROD EFFECT ON THE OPERATION SAFETY OF TRIGA 2000 REACTOR
Authors: Pinem Surian , Surbakti Tukiran , Kuntoro Iman
Published: January 2020

NEUTRONIC AND THERMAL HYDRAULICS ANALYSIS OF CONTROL ROD EFFECT ON THE OPERATION SAFETY OF TRIGA 2000 REACTOR. Analysis of neutronic and thermal-hydraulics parameters of whole operation cycle is very important for the safety of reactor operation. During the reactor operation cycle, the position of the control rods will change due to reactivity changes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of control rods position on neutronic and thermal-hydraulics parameters in relation to the safety of reactor operation of the TRIGA 2000 reactor using silicide fuel of MTR plate type. Those parameters are power peaking factor, reactivity coefficients, and steady-state thermohydraulic parameters. Neutronic calculations are performed using a combination of WIMSD/5 and Batan-3DIFF codes and for thermal-hydraulics the calculations are done using WIMSD/5 and MTRDYN codes. The calculation results show that the reactivity coefficient values are negative for all control rod positions both at CZP and HFP conditions. The MTC value decreases when the control rod is inserted into the active core while the FTC value increases. The total ppf results and temperature in steady-state rise when the control rods are inserted of into the active core whereby the maximum value occurs at the position of the control rods of 20 cm from the bottom of the active core. The calculation results of ppf, reactivity coefficient, and thermal-hydraulics parameters lay below safety limits, indicating that the TRIGA 2000 reactor can safely use U3Si2-Al silicide fuel as a substitute fuel for cylindrical type fuel.Keywords: neutronic, thermal-hydraulic parameter, control rod effect, TRIGA 2000, silicide fuel.
Prescription of Debt in the Consumer-Credit Industry
Authors: Kelly-Louw Michelle , Stoop Philip
Published: January 2020

A person may acquire rights or be released from obligations through the passage of time. This is known as prescription. The objective of prescription is to achieve legal certainty and finality in the relationship between a debtor and a creditor, with the focus on protecting a debtor (consumer) against the unfairness of having to defend old claims. Old claims are therefore after the elapsing of specific time periods extinguished through prescription. A debtor must then specifically raise prescription as a defence against claims from creditors based on prescribed debts. The prescription of consumer debts is regulated by the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 (when the credit agreement falls under the NCA) and the Prescription Act 68 of 1969. The Prescription Act generally regulates all aspects of the prescription, which would also include consumer debts, while section 126B of the National Credit Act regulates and prohibits certain practices related to prescription, such as the selling of prescribed consumer debts or the continued collection or re-activation of prescribed consumer debts. In this article several practical aspects related to prescription and the National Credit Act are discussed, such as the impact of non-compliance with section 96 and section 129(1)(a) of the NCA on prescription. Section 126B is specifically analysed, and the question whether section 126B absolutely prohibits certain abusive practices related to the prescription of consumer debts is answered. Several shortcomings of the current legislation are also pointed out. In this article some aspects of the draft Prescription Bill proposed by the South African Law Reform Commission are also considered. In particular, we focus on the impact the Bill may have on the consumer-credit industry.
Lipoxygenase activity determination v1
Authors: Junior Neilier , Elber Vital Camilo , de Almeida Barros Rafael , Lessa Barbosa Samuel , Vitor Aguilar de Oliveira João , Souto Ribeiro Wellington , Neves Oliveira Cauê , Corrêa da Rocha Gabriele , Victor Marques Gonçalves Assis João , Goreti de Almeida Oliveira Maria
Published: January 2020

Lipoxygenase activity on linoleic acid was determined according to the method described by Axelrod et al. (1981). This method determines the increase in absorbance at 234 nm, resulting from the formation of a conjugated double bond system in the formed hydroperoxide.
Shitty Models v1
Authors: Sommer Thorsten , Schiffeler Nina , Zachow Sebastian , Platte Laura
Published: January 2020

This is the description of how the Shitty Models approach can be integrated e.g. into a lecture. The corresponding article can be found at Github (https://github.com/SommerEngineering/blog-shitty-models) and on the website tsommer.education.
Student`s Caring Ability at Nursing Faculty of Padjadjaran University
Authors: Kurnia Ihsan , Sriati Aat , Widianti Efri
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK Caring merupakan inti dari nilai-nilai keperawatan. Caring bagi mahasiswa keperawatan merupakan hal yang penting untuk dipelajari dan dipraktikkan. Sejauh ini, penelitian tentang perkembangan kemampuan caring mahasiswa keperawatan masih kurang. Mahasiswa datang dari lingkungan keluarga, sosial, budaya, etnik dan latar belakang ekonomi yang berbeda. Sehingga perkembangan kemampuan caring mahasiswa perlu diperhatikan oleh institusi pendidikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan caring mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode proportional stratified sampling. Total sampel terpilih sebanyak 240 mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Caring Ability Inventory dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian di dapatkan bahwa setengah dari mahasiswa memiliki kemampuan caring pada kategori rendah (50%), kurang dari setengah mahasiswa pada kategori sedang (42,5%) dan sebagian kecil mahasiswa pada kategori tinggi (7,5%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan caring mahasiswa sebagian besar adalah kategori rendah dan sedang. Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Padjadjaran perlu meningkatkan perhatian terhadap perkembangan kemampuan caring mahasiswa. ABSTRACTCaring is the core of nursing values. Caring for nursing students is an important element to learn and practice. There was limited research on the development of caring ability of nursing students. Students came from different familial, social, cultural, ethnic and economic backgrounds. The development of students caring ability needs to be considered by educational institutions. The aim of this research was to describe nursing students’ caring ability at Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University. This quantitative descriptive study used proportional stratified sampling method. In total240 students were selected as samples. Data were collected using an Indonesia version of Caring Ability Inventory and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that half of the students had low caring ability (50%), less than half students were in moderate category (42.5%) and a small percentage of students were in high category (7.5%). In conclusion, nursing students caring ability mostly were in low and moderate category. Faculty of Nursing, Padjadjaran University needs to improve attention to the development of students’ caring ability.
Tingkat Kepuasaan Mahasiswa DIII Keperawatan Dalam Pembelajaran Klinik
Authors: Rahmi Upik , Putri Suci Tuty , Maiszha Dian
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAK Dalam dekade terakhir berbagai kajian dilakukan untuk menemukan metode pembelajaran terbaik antara preseptor, mentor dan siswa dalam pembelajaran klinik.  Hal ini dikarenakan yang metode pembelajaran yang tepat dapat meningkatkan pencapaian kompetensi mahasiswa dan akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa. Salah satu metode pembelajaran klinik yang sering diterapkan dalam pembelajaran klinik adalah metode Preceptorsip, namun belum diketahui bagaimana kepuasaan mahasiswa terhdap metode tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasaan mahasiswa DIII Keperawatan dalam pembelajaran klinik. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Instrumen menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan teori Service Quality. Jumlah sampel  adalah 93 mahasiswa, dengan teknik Purposive random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa adalah 49 responden (52,7%) puas dan 44 responden (47,3%) menyatakan tidak puas. Pada dimensi tangible 54,8% menyatakan puas, dimensi reliability 62,4% menyatakan puas, dimensi responsiveness 66,7% menyatakan puas, dimensi assurance 74,2% puas, dan dimensi emphaty 80,6% menyatakan puas. Kepuasan mahasiswa behubungan dengan sikap, kesungguhan mereka saat menjalankan profesi mereka. Di harapkan pihak institusi pendidikan dan rumah sakit dapat mengembangkan berbagai metode pembelajaran yang lebih memperhatikan berbagai dimensi dalam kepuasaan pembelajaran klinik. ABSTRACT In the last decade, various studies have been carried out to find the best learning methods between preceptors, mentors, and students in clinical learning. This is because the right learning method can increase the achievement of student competencies and will affect the level of student satisfaction. One of the clinical learning methods that are often applied in clinical learning is the Preceptorsip method, but it is not yet known how student satisfaction with that method. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of Nursing DIII students in clinical learning. The research design is quantitative descriptive. The instrument uses a questionnaire prepared based on Service Quality theory. The number of samples was 93 students, using a purposive random sampling technique. The results showed the level of student satisfaction was 49 respondents (52.7%) satisfied and 44 respondents (47.3%) expressed dissatisfaction. On tangible dimension 54.8% expressed satisfaction, reliability dimension 62.4% expressed satisfaction, responsiveness dimension 66.7% expressed satisfaction, assurance dimension 74.2% satisfied, and empathy dimension 80.6% expressed satisfaction. Student satisfaction is related to their attitude, sincerity when carrying out their profession. It is hoped that educational institutions and hospitals can develop various learning methods that pay more attention to various dimensions in clinical learning satisfaction.
Knowledge About Nutritional Intake In Pregnant Women With Anemia
Authors: Saepul Saepul , Hermayanti Yanti , Platini Hesti
Published: January 2020

Anemia or a lack of blood cells during pregnancy and childbirth is very dangerous. It may cause pregnant women to be at risk for bleeding during childbirth and hinder infant growth and development. This study aims to determine the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutrition during pregnancy. The research design used in this study was quantitative descriptive, with 137 pregnant women with anemia as the population and a total sample of 58 respondents taken with random sampling technique. The variable in this study is the knowledge of pregnant women with anemia about nutritional intake. This study shows that the majority of the pregnant women had poor knowledge (84.48%) of nutritional intake, and only a small number had good knowledge (15.52%). With almost all pregnant women with anemia in the study having a lack of knowledge about nutritional intake, there is a concern that the baby will be negatively affected. The implication of the results highlights the important role of health workers to provide information about good nutrition during pregnancy, particularly the impact of tea-drinking habit.
Affine Function: An Analysis from the Perspective of the Epistemic and Cognitive Suitability of the Onto-semiotic Approach
Authors: Ninow Valmir , Kaiber Carmen Teresa
Published: January 2020

This article presents the analysis of a series of activities involving Affine Function, taking as reference the components and indicators of Epistemic and Cognitive Suitability, dimensions of Didactic Suitability, the Onto-semiotic Approach to Mathematical Knowledge and Instruction. This analysis is part of a research that aims to investigate the development of an educational project for High School, focused on the study of functions and which takes as theoretical and methodological support the Onto-semiotic Approach assumptions. From the analysis carried out in a series of activities related to Affine Function, it was possible to realize the presence, in a more representative way, of components and indicators of cognitive and epistemic suitability related to Problem Situations, Rules (concepts and procedures), Languages, Logical Reasoning, Reading and Interpretation. Regarding the Arguments, Relations and Analysis/Synthesis components, the analysis indicated the need to develop a wider range of activities that would allow students to expand and deepen their ability to produce justified argumentation and establish relations, which could contribute to the development of analyses and syntheses.
VALIDITY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS BASED ON ACR-BIRADS SCORES TO DIAGNOSIS BREAST DISEASES IN SULAIMANI BREAST DISEASE TREATMENT CENTER
Authors: Karim Kwestan , Rashaan Mezjda , Ali Kalthwm , Mustafa Shad
Published: January 2020

Background 

Breast diseases are common in females all over the world. Breast cancer is the second common causes of concept mortality; early detection of breast cancer promotes outcomes.

Objectives

To evaluate the validity of ultrasonographic findings based on American College of Radiology Breast-Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-BIRADS) in diagnosis of breast diseases, and determine sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonographic finding in breast and axillary lesions in Sulaimani breast disease treatment centre.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective descriptive study was performed on 427 patients with different breast and axillary lesions at Sulaimani breast disease treatment center, from January 2014 till December of 2018. Ethical consideration by the regulatory bodies was followed. Information was recorded according to inclusion criteria by using a questionnaire paper. Finding of ultrasonography by using ACR-BIRADS system was compared with histopathology reports, The Chi-square test was used and the obtained results were judged statistically significant at P≤0.05, P-value < 0.001 is regarded as highly significant. statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social science SPSS (version 21).

Results

Age range was 22-84 years old, average age of participants with the standard deviation was 45.32(±11.763). 128 (30.0%) and 125 (29.3%) of all breast lesions were in the range of BIRADS 5 and 3 respectively. Among 427 cases, most of the breast lesions 222 (52.2%) were malignant on histopathology, while 205 (47.8%) were benign on histopathology. Sensitivity; Specificity of ultrasound for breast was 87.38%, 85.85%, respectively. Also Sensitivity, Specificity of ultrasound for axilla was 78.16%, 10%, respectively. In finding correlation between ACR-BIRADS system and histopathology results using chi square P-value was < 0.001 which is highly significant for both breast and axilla.

Conclusions

Sensitivity and specificity of using ultrasound based on ACR-BIRADS scores in diagnosis of breast pathology were high; it makes a good way for diagnosis of breast diseases. But using BIRADS ultrasound system as sole investigation in diagnosis of breast pathology is the matter of debate. Using ultrasound based on Sensitivity and specificity for axilla didn’t make it an ideal way for diagnosis of pathological lymph nodes.