bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary Protagonists, Average Issues
Authors: Kokotkiewicz Martyna
Published: January 2020

Thriller is considered to be a subgenre of criminal fiction, in which the most significant role is played by fast-paced action, suspense, spectacular events. In case of so called international and political thrillers it should also be mentioned that their authors construct their plots around the problems such as global conflicts, international conspiracy, terrorism, the development of nuclear weapon. However, problems commonly mentioned by many authors of other subgenres of criminal fiction, are also present in the novels classified as thrillers. The collapse of well-being society, unstable interpersonal relationships, mental problems of an individual, childhood traumas are therefore often mentioned by the writers, although they do not usually constitute main subjects of the novels. The article concentrates on some examples from international and political thrillers, in which such issues seem to be equally important, written by the most popular Finnish authors of this particular genre, namely Ilkka Remes and Taavi Soininvaara.
Rodent Suborders
Authors: Flynn Lawrence J. , Jacobs Louis L. , Kimura Yuri , Lindsay Everett H.
Published: January 2020

For two hundred years the status of rodent suborders has been unstable. What are the natural groupings of extant rodent families? The formal recognition of rodent suborders has remained challenging and consensus has been elusive. Classically conceived rodent suborders are widely viewed as artificial, but no universally accepted classification has emerged to reflect the major features of rodent evolution. Over the last two decades molecular studies have established that extant rodents comprise three monophyletic clades. We review the molecular basis for these groups and recognize them as taxonomic units: Suborder Ctenohystrica Huchon et al., 2000, Suborder Supramyomorpha D’Elía et al., 2019, and a group of families clustered with Sciuridae. The latter differs from Sciuromorpha as traditionally conceived because the suborder includes Aplodontiidae but excludes Castoridae. We review morphological character complexes that are distributed broadly within these three clades, name the third group Eusciurida, new suborder, and find this three-fold division of extant Rodentia to reflect well the major features of rodent phylogeny. That some morphological features do not characterize all families within suborders, or are not unique to individual suborders, indicates major parallel innovations and reversals in rodent evolution. These incongruent morphologies invite future study.
Tooth Enamel Microstructure in Megasorex gigas (Merriam, 1897) and Cryptotis magna (Merriam, 1895) from Mexico – In Comparison to the Schmelzmuster in other Shrews
Authors: Koenigswald Wighart V.
Published: January 2020

The enamel microstructure of molars in Mexican soricines Megasorex and Cryptotis is described and compared to the six types of schmelzmuster found in fossil and recent Soricidae. These types of schmelzmuster show a high correlation to the current systematics of Soricidae. In Megasorex, the relatively simple schmelzmuster is dominated by radial enamel. However, a very thin innermost layer of differentiated enamel indicates the beginning of a two-layered schmelzmuster. This corresponds to the Notiosorex-schmelzmuster. The teeth of Megasorex lack pigmentation, which is not reflected in its schmelzmuster. Similarities to the white-toothed Crocidura-schmelzmuster are superficial. Cryptotis has the typical two-layered enamel of derived Soricinae. The specific enamel type of the inner layer and the strong lateral inclination of its prisms represent a new modification of the highly derived Blarina-schmelzmuster.
Palaeoenvironments of the Manych Valley at the End of Late Pleistocene Based on Rodent and Mollusk Data from Sanmanych (Rostov District, Russia)
Authors: Markova Anastasia K. , Chepalyga Andrey L. , Puzachenko Andrey Yu.
Published: January 2020

A thorough consideration is given to the geological, palaeotheriological and malacological materials obtained from the Pleistocene Sanmanych locality, which is the only locality with mammal fauna in the Manych depression (46°24′53″ N, 42°36′25″ E). The brackish-water mollusk composition indicated that the bone-bearing series should be correlated to the Early Khvalynian transgression. The fossil record gives an insight into the palaeoenvironment at the time that the Caspian Sea water broke through the Manych depression into the Black Sea basin. The faunal evidence points to arid conditions and a cool climate. The rodent species composition is rather poor; it exclusively includes species indicative for an open environment, which suggests a wide spread occurrence of steppe and semi-deserts in the Manych valley during the Late Glacial (~16–12 ka BP).
Myotis Gerhardstorchi Sp. N. and Comments on the European Fossil Record of Myotis Frater Group (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
Authors: Horáček Ivan , Trávníčková Eva
Published: January 2020

A new species, Myotis gerhardstorchi sp. n., supposedly close to M. sicarius and M. frater group, is described from MN 15 site Beremend 26 (Hungary). M. frater group, now restricted to vicariant ranges in E Asia, Siberia and Central Asia, is further reported from three Pliocene and two Early Pleistocene mass bat assemblages from the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. The odontological diagnosis of the group is presented, together with comparisons of the fossil material with extant species of the group, and W Palearctic taxa of the genus, both fossil and Recent. Molecular phylogenetics reveals that the above-mentioned Asiatic taxa, together with the European species M. daubentonii and M. bechsteinii, the index fossil of the W Palearctic Late Cenozoic bat communities, compose a distinct phylogenetic entity called Myotis Clade III. Here we argue that the history of Clade III in the W Palearctics was contributed also by clades close to its stem line, and those related to the Asiatic forms that later disappeared from that region. Finally, a list of taxa, both fossil and Recent, composing the Myotis Clade III is provided.
Plio-Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles from Central Turkey: New Faunas and Faunal Records with Comments on their Biochronological Position Based on Small Mammals
Authors: Syromyatnikova Elena , Tesakov Alexey , Mayda Serdar , Kaya Tanju , Saraç Gerçek
Published: January 2020

Small fossil vertebrates from several Pliocene and Pleistocene localities in Central Anatolia (Turkey) are reviewed. Data on small mammals represent assemblages from the early Pliocene (MN 14: Nasrettinhoca 1, 2 and Hamamkarahisar A, B), and late Pliocene (MN 16: Hoyhoytepe 1, 2, 3 and Mercan 1); Early Pleistocene (MN 17: Mercan 2), and Middle Pleistocene (MQ 1/MQ 2: Yenişarbademli). The biochronology related characters of arvicolines Promimomys, Mimomys, Microtus, Lagurus and Clethrionomys are briefly discussed. Data on the systematics of fossil amphibians and reptiles is also described from these localities. The early Pliocene (MN 14) assemblages significantly add to knowledge on the herpetofaunal composition of this stratigraphic level, which until now was poorly characterized in Turkey. Remains of Pelobatidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae, Amphisbaenia and Natricinae are reported for the first time from the MN 14 biozone of Turkey. Palaeobatrachus from Mercan 1 extends the temporal range of this group in the Eastern Mediterranean into the late Pliocene. The described remains of amphibians and reptiles from Turkey span a considerable stratigraphic range from the early Pliocene to the Middle Pleistocene (time interval of about 5 Ma) and partly fill a gap in the palaeoherpetofaunal record of the Eastern Mediterranean.
An Exceptional Large Sample of the Early Miocene Ctenodactyline Rodent Sayimys Giganteus, Specific Variation and Taxonomic Implications
Authors: Hartman Julian , van de Weerd Andrew A. , de Bruijn Hans , Wessels Wilma
Published: January 2020

An assemblage of the early Miocene Sayimys giganteus (Ctenodactylinae, Rodentia) from its type locality Keseköy, and smaller assemblages of Yapıntı and Horlak (Anatolia, Turkey) are described. Almost all Sayimys species are known from small collections of isolated cheek teeth. The very large assemblage from Keseköy is of special interest, because it allows the study of the intra-specific variation of dental morphology: size, the morphological changes through wear and the criteria for recognition of the tooth position of molars. The results have been used to review the formally named Sayimys species and to evaluate the dental features used to define the species. The review of the early and middle Miocene succession of Sayimys in the Siwaliks (Pakistan) resulted in the resurrection of S. minor; S. baskini is considered to be a junior synonym of S. minor. S. sivalensis and S. obliquidens are nomina dubia, and restricted to their holotypes, S. hintoni n. sp. is established for mediumsized Sayimys from the Kamlial, lower Chinji and Manchar Formations and S. chinjiensis is resurrected for Sayimys from the upper Chinji and Nagri Formations. It is suggested that the middle Miocene species Sayimys intermedius and S. assarrarensis from Saudi Arabia are synonymous.
Platacanthomyids (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Late Miocene Yuanmou Hominoid Locality of Yunnan, China
Authors: Qiu Zhuding , Ni Xijun
Published: January 2020

Remains of platacanthomyids from Leilao, a late Miocene hominoid locality in Yuanmou, Yunnan, China are described. Five species in three genera are recognized: Neocometes sp., Platacanthomys dianensis Qiu, 1989, Typhlomys aff. T. primitivus Qiu, 1989, T. hipparionum Qiu, 1989 and T. storchi n. sp. Leilao is the only locality that produces fossils of all three known genera of the family Platacanthomyidae. The new species T. storchi is characterized by its huge dimensions and continuous endoloph(id)s and ectoloph(id)s incorporated with the anteroloph(id)s and posteroloph(id)s to encircle the occlusal surface. That the genus Neocometes from southeastern Asia shows a tendency of forming an ectoloph on the upper molars and an endolophid on the lower molars indicates that the South China species probably represents an evolutionary lineage independent from that of European Neocometes. Both P. dianensis and T. aff. T. primitivus exhibit more derived dental morphology than the related species from Shihuiba of Lufeng, suggesting a younger age of the Leilao Fauna, which is incompatible with the conclusion drawn from the studies of other groups of small mammals.
A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the Early Miocene of Tuchořice, the Czech Republic
Authors: Morales Jorge , Fejfar Oldřich , Heizmann Elmar , Wagner Jan , Valenciano Alberto , Abella Juan
Published: January 2020

New Amphicyonidae fossil remains from the early Miocene site of Tuchořice (the Czech Republic) confirm the presence of a new Thaumastocyoninae taxon: Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp. It is characterized by a peculiar combination of plesiomorphic and derived morphological traits. The new genus can be defined by a long and sharp mandible diastema, loss of mesial premolars (p2–p3), p4 with an inclined distally high main cuspid, moderate sectorial carnassial teeth, m1 with relict metaconid, and talonid and trigonid of similar width, and reduced M2 and m2. In the phylogenetic analysis the Thaumastocyoninae form a monophyletic group characterized by the start of the m2/M2 reduction, still moderate in Crassidia intermedia (von Meyer, 1849), but remarkable in the other species of the clade. Peignecyon felinoides already shows the advanced features defining the Thaumastocyoninae, and constitutes the sister group of the most specialized genera Tomocyon Viret, 1929b and Thaumastocyon Sthelin et Helbing, 1925. Consequently, it can be considered an excellent link between this group and the more primitive members of the tribe Ysengrini (Ysengrinia Ginsburg, 1966 and Crassidia Heizmannn et Kordikova, 2000). Peignecyon felinoides shows that the trend towards hypercarnivory had already emerged in the European early Miocene fauna, thus helping to understand the complex evolution of the Amphicyonidae during the Miocene.
New Light on Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) from the Late Messinian (MN 13) of the Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)
Authors: Masini Federico , Savorelli Andrea , Borrani Antonio , Mazza Paul P. A. , Fanfani Flaviano
Published: January 2020

A large-sized species of Parasorex is common in the MN 13 mammal assemblages from the uppermost Messinian sandy-marly fissure fillings within the Gessoso Solfifera Formation at Brisighella (Northern Apennine). This erinaceid has been classified as Galerix sp. in the first papers on the Brisighella fauna. Later, it was described in detail in an unpublished Ph.D. dissertation by Fanfani (1999), who referred it to Galerix depereti. Van den Hoek Ostende (2001) included G. depereti in the genus Parasorex, Parasorex depereti has been described by Crochet (1986) on scarce material from a few Early Pliocene (MN 14–15) localities of southern France and Spain. Parasorex cf. depereti has been reported from the Early Pliocene fauna of Capo Mannu (Mandriola, Sardinia; Furió and Angelone 2010). The species seems actually distributed in south-western Europe, where it represents the youngest occurrence of the genus Parasorex. The very abundant sample of P. depereti from fissure filling BRS 25 enables a more accurate and comprehensive description of the species. It also permits inspection of the mesial elements of the dentition, which were lacking in the material examined by Crochet (1986). The systematic position of the species has been revisited and compared with those of other Galericini of the Parasorex group.
A Reevaluation of the Taxonomic Status of the Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 from Messel (Germany, Late Early to Early Middle Eocene, 48–47 M.Y.)
Authors: Vianey-Liaud Monique , Marivaux Laurent , Lehmann Thomas
Published: January 2020

This paper clarifies the identification of the three species referred by Tobien (1954) to the genus Masillamys from Messel, and more specifically provides a revision of their diagnosis and differential dental features, using an updated terminology. Based on specimens better preserved than the holotype (M. beegeri), it appears that this genus had an infraorbital area more hystricomorphous than sciuromorphous. As the genus shares dental features – like a long oblique postprotocristid or the occurrence of a metalophid I on the lower molars, the relatively well-developed hypocone on the upper molars, as well as hystricomorphy –, notably with Hartenbergeromys and Pantrogna, Masillamys is here included among the basal Theridomorpha.
Skeletal Anatomy of the Basicranium and Auditory Region in the Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based on High-Resolution CT Scans
Authors: Gaudin Timothy J. , Wible John R. , Rose Kenneth D. , Emry Robert J. , Spaulding Michelle
Published: January 2020

Cranial skeletal material of the Eocene palaeanodont Metacheiromys marshi was examined using high-resolution CT scans. The present study represents the first time that CT scans have been conducted on skulls of this extinct fossorial mammal. The bony osteology of the auditory region is described in detail, including the ectotympanic and entotympanic, the petrosal in both tympanic and endocranial views, and the middle ear ossicles. The results of this investigation confirm a number of derived resemblances between palaeanodonts and xenarthrans, including a large entotympanic element in the medial wall of the auditory bulla, the presence of an anteroventral process of the tegmen tympani, and a posttemporal canal. However, the present study also provides novel derived auditory features linking palaeanodonts and pangolins, consistent with current understanding of palaeanodont phylogenetic relationships, including the absence of an ectotympanic styliform process, a posterolaterally oriented aperture to the cochlear fossula, and a convex mallear head / concave incudal head. Several autapomorphic features characterizing the auditory osteology of Metacheiromys are also noted. The presence of a large, spherical mallear head, and of a capacious tympanic cavity extended into sinuses in surrounding bones, likely represent adaptations for fossoriality, consistent with palaeobiological inferences drawn from the postcranial anatomy of Metacheiromys.
A Large Morganucodontan Mammaliaform from the Late Jurassic of Germany
Authors: Martin Thomas , Averianov Alexander O. , Jäger Kai R. K. , Schwermann Achim H. , Wings Oliver
Published: January 2020

An upper “triconodont” molar from the Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian) of the Langenberg Quarry in northern Germany is attributed to Storchodon cingulatus gen. et sp. nov. of Morganucodonta. The molar is characterized by continuous lingual and buccal cingula, and a relatively large, buccally-shifted cusp D which is not integrated in the buccal cingulum. With a length of 3.07 mm, the tooth is less than 10 % smaller than the lower holotype molar of Paceyodon davidi, the largest known morganucodontan. The Langenberg morganucodontan possibly represents an example of insular gigantism on an adjacent paleoisland.
Budget Impact of Intravenous Iron Therapy with Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency in Romania
Authors: Lorenzovici László , Székely Andrea , Farkas-Ráduly Szabolcs , Jitaru Ciprian , Csanádi Marcell
Published: January 2020

Background: Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) treatment in case of iron deficient (ID) patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) has shown great promise according to the findings of recent studies in improvement of symptoms and quality of life, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, and exercise capacity.

Aim of the study: The purpose of the current study is to assess the budget impact of treating CHF patients with FCM in a sample of Romanian hospitals.

Material and methods: Calculations have been based on the budget impact model developed by Theidel et al. The assumptions and clinical outcomes of the current study were based on a multivariate statistical approach used in the same German study. The predicted outcomes were based on data pooled from four double-blind randomized controlled trials. The time horizon of the model was 1 year. Budget impact calculations were performed from the public payer perspective. Two scenarios have been handled: one without applying the Clawback tax and one with applying the tax to the cost of medication.

Results: The yearly budget impact of FCM vs. no iron-replacement treatment without applying the tax ranged between €678,383 and €641,588 for 1,000 patients, resulting in €37 of additional costs per patient per year. The yearly budget impact of FCM vs. no iron-replacement treatment with applying the tax ranged between €616,934 and €641,588 for 1,000 patients, resulting in €9 of cost reduction per patient per year. Key cost drivers included the cost of outpatient visits and the cost of hospitalization due to HF worsening. Sensitivity analysis for both scenarios proved the robustness of the results.

Conclusions: The FCM treatment of CHF patients has a moderate budget impact. Moreover, this budget impact/saving translates into a reduction of the rate and length of hospitalization stay and a better symptomatic profile of the patients.
Predictors for In-hospital Mortality in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myocarditis – a Retrospective Study
Authors: Toma Daniela , Gozar Liliana , Șuteu Carmen Corina , Făgărășan Amalia , Togănel Rodica
Published: January 2020

Background: Acute myocarditis, a primary inflammatory cardiac disease commonly caused by viral infection, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Data obtained from forensic studies found an incidence of 15–33% for acute myocarditis in sudden deaths in the pediatric age group. Currently, there is a lack of data regarding the incidence and factors associated with short-term outcomes in pediatric patients admitted for acute myocarditis.

The aim of the study was to identify predictors for in-hospital mortality in a pediatric population admitted with acute myocarditis.

Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study that included 21 patients admitted for acute myocarditis. Clinical, laboratory, ECG, and imaging data acquired via 2D transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were collected from the medical charts of each included patient. The primary end-point of the study was all-cause mortality occurring during hospitalization (period ranging from 10 to 14 days). The study population was divided into 2 groups according to the occurrence of the primary end-point.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 99.62 ± 77.25 months, and 61.90% (n = 13) of the patients were males. The in-hospital mortality rate was 23.9% (n = 5). Patients in the deceased group were significantly younger than the survivors (55.60 ± 56.18 months vs. 113.4 ± 78.50 months, p = 0.039). Patients that had deceased presented a significantly higher level of LDH (365 ± 21.38 U/L vs. 234.4 ± 63.30 U/L, p = 0.0002) and a significantly higher rate of ventricular extrasystolic dysrhythmias (60% vs. 6.25%, p = 0.02, OR: 22.5, 95% CI: 1.5–335) compared to survivors. The 2D echocardiography showed that patients that had deceased presented more frequently an impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (<30%) (p = 0.001) and a significantly higher rate of severe mitral regurgitation (p = 0.001) compared to survivors.

Conclusions: The most powerful predictors for in-hospital mortality in pediatric patients admitted for acute myocarditis were the presence of ventricular extrasystolic dysrhythmias on the 24h Holter ECG monitoring, impaired left ventricular systolic function (LVEF <30%), the presence of severe mitral regurgitation, and confirmed infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Radiocarbon dating of groundwater from a PZ-2 piezometer located in the foreground of Wieliczka Salt Mine, Poland
Authors: Duliński Marek , Gorczyca Zbigniew , Marzec Michał , Czub Robert , Brudnik Krzysztof
Published: January 2020

A comparison of two methods of radiocarbon age determination of groundwater is presented. The simplest Pearson model and the “user-defined” option of the NETPATH program were considered. Both methods were used to determine the age of water from a PZ-2 piezometer that is situated in the foreground of chamber Z-32 in Wieliczka Salt Mine. Results of these calculations clearly demonstrate that 14C ages obtained by the Pearson model can be significantly overestimated in comparison with those determined by the NETPATH code. Without additional data, such as the stable isotope composition of the water, conclusions on the age of the groundwater based solely on the Pearson model may be highly inadequate.
Dynamics of the status of groundwater in the Polish Lowland: the River Gwda catchment example
Authors: Jamorska Izabela , Kubiak-Wójcicka Katarzyna , Krawiec Arkadiusz
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present study is to monitor changes in the location of the groundwater table in the catchment area of the River Gwda within the Quaternary and Neogene water-bearing level over a 35-year period, between 1981 and 2015. In addition, on account of very diverse total annual precipitation levels in particular parts of the catchment, attempts were made to determine the influence of precipitation on the location of the groundwater table. By correlating groundwater level and meteorological parameters (precipitation), it was discovered that precipitation in the previous year made the largest impact on the groundwater table. Moreover, low precipitation totals in the southern part of the catchment are not discernible in groundwater table fluctuations, which is linked to the location of the observation well within the drainage zone as well as to water ascension from deeper aquifers.
The δ18O and δD isoscapes of recent groundwater in Poland
Authors: Leśniak Paweł M. , Wilamowski Andrzej
Published: January 2020

Considering the country’s development and quality of life, recognition of the water cycle mechanism is of great importance. A significant contribution to this comes from the isotopic composition of particular elements of the water cycle. However, a weak point is that in Poland only one element of the water cycle, precipitation, is sampled and measured over more than 312 thousands km2 at a single station. It is therefore necessary to seek extension of or alternatives for these rare data. Such an alternative is the sampling of groundwater containing tritium in the national monitoring network of groundwater bodies that is maintained by the Polish Geological Institute. Based on such data we have constructed δ18O and δD isoscapes (i.e., maps of δ18O and δD values) of recent groundwater. These data provide spatial distribution of δ18O and δD values which can be used as input to hydrogeological models.
Laboratory investigations of diclofenac migration in saturated porous media – a case study
Authors: Okońska Monika , Marciniak Marek , Zembrzuska Joanna , Kaczmarek Mariusz
Published: January 2020

At present, concentrations of pharmaceuticals in surface and ground waters are low; however, even low concentrations of certain substances may prove very harmful. One of such pharmaceutical drugs is diclofenac, a popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). For this reason, it is important to determine its mobility in groundwater and to estimate parameters of migration. Authors conducted column tests for two porous media: an artificial one, consisting of glass granules, and a natural one, i.e., sandur sand obtained from a site north of the city of Poznań (Poland). During the test, impulse breakthrough curves of chloride ions and diclofenac were recorded. The results were used to identify a specific sorption model and to determine values of migration parameters. Solutions of the inverse problem using optimisation methods and of equations of mathematical migration models were carried out in a MATLAB environment. Based on test results, the mobility of diclofenac is shown to be very high and comparable to that of chloride ions. The tests also revealed a slight and irreversible sorption of diclofenac on grains of both porous media.
Identification of transport parameters of chlorides in different soils on the basis of column studies
Authors: Pietrzak Damian , Kania Jarosław , Kmiecik Ewa , Wątor Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Knowledge of transport patterns of chemicals in groundwater is essential for environmental assessment of their potential impact. In the present study, the mobility of a chloride tracer injected into three different soils was investigated, using column experiments. The column tests were performed under steady-state conditions to determine parameters of chloride migration through soils. Based on breakthrough curves, pore-water velocity, dispersion coefficient and dispersivity constant were calculated for each soil sample using CXTFIT/STANMOD software. Pore-water velocity was in the range of 0.31 cm/min for fine sand, to 0.35 cm/min for silty sand and to 0.40 cm/min for vari-grained sand. The highest values of dispersion coefficient and dispersivity constant were observed for silty sand (0.55 cm2/min and 1.55 cm, respectively), while the lowest value was found for fine sand (0.059 cm2/min and 0.19 cm, respectively). Column experiments for chlorides (conservative tracer) are a preliminary stage for further research which will be undertaken to investigate migration parameters of selected neonicotinoids (reactive tracers) through different soils.
Presence of pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater with respect to land use in the vicinity of sampling sites
Authors: Kuczyńska Anna
Published: January 2020

The present paper discusses the results of an analysis of the impact of land use on the distribution of pharmaceuticals in groundwater samples collected during a pilot study of the contents of pharmaceuticals and hormones in ground-water taken from the national groundwater monitoring network of the Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute. Samples were collected during monitoring campaigns from 160 groundwater monitoring sites in various land use types in 2016 and 2017. Samples were analysed for a total of 34 active substances, including natural and synthetic oestrogen hormones, cardiovascular and respiratory medications, analgesics and anti-inflammatories, antidepressants, antimicrobial drugs and anti-epileptics. Our study confirmed the presence of pharmaceuticals in 53 per cent of ground-water samples taken. Data show variations in the distribution of pharmaceuticals depending on land use type, which can thus be employed in pressure analysis and identification of sources of pollution.
A probabilistic approach to assessment of the quality of drinking water
Authors: Wątor Katarzyna , Kmiecik Ewa , Postawa Adam , Rusiniak Piotr
Published: January 2020

Knowledge of uncertainty in analytical results is of prime importance in assessments of compliance with requirements set out for the quality of water intended for human consumption. Assessments of drinking water quality can be performed using either a deterministic or a probabilistic method. In the former approach, every single result is referred directly to the parametric value, while in the probabilistic method uncertainty related to analytical results is taken into account during the decision-making process. In the present research, laboratory uncertainty and uncertainty determined on the basis of results of analyses of duplicate samples collected in two Polish cities were compared and used in the probabilistic approach of water quality assessment. Using the probabilistic method, more results were considered to be “above the parametric value”. Most excesses were observed when the maximum allowable uncertainty as set out in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 7 December 2017 was used, which is due to the highest values of these uncertainties. The lowest values above parametric values in the probabilistic approach were observed when measurement uncertainty was considered.
The FEM model of groundwater circulation in the vicinity of the Świniarsko intake, near Nowy Sącz (Poland)
Authors: Zdechlik Robert , Kałuża Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

Modern hydrogeological research uses numerical modelling, which is most often based on the finite difference method (FDM) or finite element method (FEM). The present paper discusses an example of application of the less frequently used FEM for simulating groundwater circulation in the vicinity of the intake at Świniarsko near Nowy Sącz. The research area is bordered by rivers and watersheds, and within it, two well-connected aquifers occur (Quaternary gravelly-sandy sediments and Paleogene cracked flysch rocks). The area was discretized using a Triangle generator, taking into account assumptions about the nature and density of the mesh. Rivers, wells, an irrigation ditch and infiltration of precipitation were projected onto boundary conditions. Conditions of groundwater circulation in the aquifer have been assessed based on a calibrated model, using water balance and a groundwater level contour map with flow path lines. Application of the program based on FEM, using smooth local densification of the discretization mesh, has allowed for precise mapping of the location of objects that significantly shape water circulation.
The fate of socialist agricultural premises: To agricultural ‘brownfields’ and back again?
Authors: Navrátil Josef , Martinát Stanislav , Krejčí Tomáš , Pícha Kamil , Klusáček Petr , Škrabal Jaroslav , Osman Robert
Published: January 2020

The variety of post-socialist agricultural transitions in four different rural regions located in South Bohemia (Czech Republic), with respect to the utilisation of the older premises, is subject to analysis in this article. A complete database was constructed, containing the identification of agricultural premises in 1989 and their use in 2004 and 2017. From 1989 to 2004, a number of agricultural brownfields emerged, and many sites had been utilised for non-agricultural purposes. After 2004, the acreage of agricultural brownfields was reduced and new land-use utilisation for housing and, especially other non-agricultural activities, significantly increased. The transition in the utilisation of pre-1989 agricultural premises is strongly influenced by the social and economic contexts in which particular sites are located. Proximity to an upper-level regional centre is of crucial importance for decisions with respect to how (and if) the site will be reused. The peripheral location of the site also affects the level and the selection of options for the ways in which particular pre-1989 agricultural premises are used. In the case studies reported here, the marginality of particular regions is increased by their location in the border regions of outer peripheries, where the probability of the presence of agricultural brownfields and the probability of long-term abandonment of agricultural premises is higher. For the traditional developed countryside, we found a typical low level of the share of long-term agricultural brownfields. After 2004, the re-use of pre-1989 agricultural brownfields for agriculture was ascertained, which is complemented by their use for housing.
Freeze-thaw Damage Dependence on Wind-driven Rain of Outdoor Exposed Concrete – A Case Study
Authors: Pakkala Toni A. , Lahdensivu Jukka , Huuhka Petteri
Published: January 2020

It has been shown in previous studies that the existing precast concrete element building stock in Finland has quality issues, especially with freeze-thaw durability and reinforcement corrosion. In addition, it has been presented that deterioration rate is the fastest in coastal area and decreases towards north which has been supposed to be a reason of lower amount of wind-driven rain (WDR). The aim of this study was to examine the connection between the amount of WDR on structures and the freeze-thaw damage more comprehensively. Condition investigation reports of 472 precast concrete element buildings were reanalysed to study the relation and the results were compared to climate data of the same time period to study the correlation between condition investigation observations and the amount of WDR. In addition, the observations made in a condition investigations and their relation to climate load at the same building were studied as a case study. The results show that there is a significant connection between the WDR related climate load and the freeze-thaw damage occurrence. The results can be used to plan protective methods and be a base for service life estimations.
Effect of AEA-SP Dosage Sequence on Air Entrainment in FA Concrete
Authors: Shpak Andrei , Jacobsen Stefan
Published: January 2020

Laboratory measurements show that varying the dosage sequence of air-entraining agent and co-polymer in the mix (SP added before, after or together with AEA) greatly affects air entrainment in fresh and hardened fly ash concrete. Image analysis shows a somewhat lower specific surface when SP is added together with AEA. Foam Index measurements on the same binder materials, admixtures, and dosage sequences were therefore found less useful for studying the effect of admixture combinations. Obtaining a certain air content using the experience with AEA-SP dosage was found to be an untrivial task if there is a lack of parameter control. Finally, examples of successful mixing procedure for air entrainment in a series of high-volume fly ash concrete are shown.
Width and Edge Beam Effects on the Ultimate Behaviour of RC Bridge Overhangs
Authors: Veganzones José Javier , Pacoste Costin , Karoumi Raid
Published: January 2020

The bearing capacity of RC overhangs under concentrated loads can be dependent on the width of the slab. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of different widths using tests from the literature and non-linear FE-simulations as a reference. Shear force redistributions along the loading process and the shear concrete capacity are analysed. The shear effective width and the influence of an edge beam are also addressed. The results show that the bearing capacity of RC overhangs increase with the width until a transition area is reached and the increase flattens. An increased shear distribution sideways and posterior redistributions under the loading process are enabled. The shear capacity of concrete increases with the width and for loads close to the root an arch effect is observed. The edge beam contributes to a further increase of the ultimate capacity for wide enough overhangs. The effect of the width and the edge beam is not only quantitative but also qualitative since the failure mode and the critical section are influenced. Existing formulation for shear effective widths should be revisited. Experimental tests used for this purpose should consider wide enough specimens to capture the real behaviour of a bridge overhang slab.
The Choice of Materials for the E39 Fjord Crossing Project
Authors: Holtberget Simen Hellgren , Xiang Xu , Dørum Cato , Veie Johannes , Minoretti Arianna
Published: January 2020

In the studies for crossing the long and deep Norwegian fjords along the E39 road, on the west coast of Norway, some challenging structures have been evaluated. Some of them are known structures, like floating bridges, and some others are structures never built before, like suspension bridges on tension leg platforms and submerged floating tube bridges. In the development of the feasibility studies for these crossings, the choice of materials has played an important role. The materials influence not only the design and the cost, but also the behaviour of the structure towards the environmental loads and some particular loads as the ship collision. The article illustrates the different solutions proposed for the fjord crossings and discusses the influence in the choice of the material, with special regards to the type of concrete. The pros and cons of the application of the light weight concrete are discussed.
Topological and Size Optimization of RC Beam Bridges: An Automated Design Approach for Cost Effective and Environmental Friendly Solutions
Authors: Chalouhi Elisa Khouri , Pacoste Costin , Karoumi Raid
Published: January 2020

This work presents a procedure for the automated design and optimization of reinforced concrete beam bridges. The aim is to find solutions that minimize the investment cost and the environmental impact of the bridge. The complete structure is optimized including: number of spans, pier locations, pier-deck connections and deck dimensions. A detailed design of the deck reinforcement is included as well. Furthermore, constructability is considered and quantified within the investment cost to avoid a merely theoretical optimization. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Pattern Search (PS) optimization algorithms are used. To reduce the computational time and make the procedure more user-friendly, a memory system is integrated and a modified version of GA is developed. In this paper, the proposed procedure is applied to re-design an existing bridge originally designed according to Eurocodes by an experienced engineer in 2013. Savings of 10-15% for both investment cost and environmental impact have been obtained. Finally, the proposed procedure has been applied to several alternatives with different total bridge lengths to suggest the optimal number of spans for a given total bridge length.
Bonded Concrete Overlays: A Brief Discussion on Restrained Shrinkage Deformations and Their Prediction Models
Authors: Cyron Wojciech , Nilsson Martin , Emborg Mats , Ohlsson Ulf
Published: January 2020

Bonded concrete overlays (BCO) on bridge decks are beneficial solutions due to their superior properties as compared to the typical asphalt pavement. A significant number of overlays suffer however, from occurrence of cracks and delamination due to poor bond, and restrained shrinkage and thermal dilation. Over the past years different appraisals for estimation of the restrained deformations have been developed, from micro-scale models, based on poromechanics, to empirical equations as given in B3 or B4 models suggested by Bažant. This paper provides a short overview of calculation models along with a brief theoretical explanation of shrinkage mechanism.
Retrospective analysis of treatment-naive Slovenian patients with metastatic melanoma treated with pembrolizumab – real-world experience
Authors: Hribernik Nezka , Boc Marko , Ocvirk Janja , Knez-Arbeiter Jasna , Mesti Tanja , Ignjatovic Marija , Rebersek Martina
Published: January 2020

Background

Based on recent data from clinical trials, the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab prolongs survival and has a good toxicity profile in patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma. However, the question remains whether these results are transmitted into daily clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of pembrolizumab in treatment-naive patients with metastatic melanoma in everyday clinical practice in Slovenia and compare it to the results from clinical trials.

Patients and methods

This observational retrospective cohort study included 138 consecutive metastatic treatment-naive melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in Slovenia, from January 2016 to December 2018. Patient and treatment characteristics were retrospectively collected from hospital data base. Statistical data was obtained using the SPSS software version 22. Survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Observation period took place between January 2016 and the end of June 2019.

Results

The estimated median overall survival (OS) was 25.1 months (95% CI, 14.6–35.6) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.9–15.4). Among all patients, 29 (21.0%) achieved complete response, 31 (22.5%) partial response and 23 (16.7%) reached stable disease. The number of organs with metastatic involvement and the level of baseline lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration had significant influence on survival rates. Immune-related adverse events (irAE) were reported in 88 (63%) patients, while grade 3–4 irAE occurred in 12 (8.7%). Due to toxicity, 16 (11.6%) patients discontinued the treatment.

Conclusions

Our real-world data from single centre retrospective analysis of treatment-naive metastatic melanoma patients treated with pembrolizumab showed inferior median OS and similar median PFS, compared to the results from clinical trials. However, patients with normal serum levels of LDH and a small number of organs with metastatic involvement had comparable survival outcomes. Toxicity rates of pembrolizumab were quite similar. These results further support the use of pembrolizumab for metastatic treatment-naive melanoma patients.
East Syriac Theological Instruction and Anti-Chalcedonian Identity in Nisibis in Late Antiquity
Authors: Popa Cătălin-Ștefan
Published: January 2020

The School of Nisibis was prominent within the East Syriac tradition. Famous among Eastern Christian alma maters, in this learning center students were educated to become clerics and to propagate a theological identity based upon Theodore of Mopsuestia’s legacy, as well as an Anti-Chalcedonian Christology. Focused on different sources, this essay will explore some perceptions against Chalcedon from East Syriac personalities linked to Nisibis from Late Antiquity to the Middle Age. The question lying at the heart of this essay is the following: how influential was the School of Nisibis for the patristic dissemination of Theodore of Mopsuestia’s theological position, and implicitly for shaping and defining a dogmatic identity against Chalcedon’s dogma and terminology?
Efficacy of 4-hour rescue therapeutic plasma exchange in severe septic shock patients
Authors: Ahmed Rabab Mahmoud , Soliman Amin R. , Yousry Ahmad , Marzouk Khaled , Faris Farouk
Published: January 2020

Background.Early intervention for septic shock is crucial to reduce mortality and improve outcome. There is still a great debate over the exact time of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) administration in septic shock patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of early initiation (within 4 hours) of TPE in severe septic shock on hemodynamics & outcome.

Methods. We conducted a prospective, before-after case series study on 16 septic shock patients requiring high doses of vasopressors admitted in two ICUs from Cairo, Egypt. All of our patients received TPE within 4 hours of ICU admission. The fresh frozen plasma exchange volume = 1.5 × plasma volume.

Results. In the 16 patients included in the study, mean arterial pressure was significantly improved after the initial TPE (p < 0.002) and norepinephrine dose which significantly reduced post TPE (p < 0.001). In addition, norepinephrine dose to mean arterial pressure significantly improved (p < 0.001). There was reduction of a net 6 hours fluid balances following the first TPE were observed in all the patients (p < 0.03) by a mean of 757 ml. Systemic vascular resistance index was markedly improved post-TPE along with statistically improved cardiac index (p < 0.01). Stroke volume variance was also significantly decreased after the TPE sessions (p < 0.01). C-reactive protein significantly improved after TPE (P < 0.01).

Conclusion. Early initiation of TPE in severe septic shock patients might improve hemodynamic measures.
School on the screen: promises and deviations of the new educational technologies
Authors: Wunenburger Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2020

The school can therefore accommodate television screens and computers but provided they are confined to specific practices, limited, criticized, to allow time and space for a transmission of knowledge, know-how and skills which require a group, microcosm of humanity, and an authority, carrying values and ends. The screen must lose all its fantastic power, its omnipresence, to remain a complementary and partial tool in a school world, a space and a time proper, intended to instruct and educate the pupil or the student, to lead him towards a citizenship that is not confused with a consumer or with a player on screens.
Ion D. Sîrbu, a classic of the Romanian literature
Authors: Mariș Ioan
Published: January 2020

The essay dedicated to I. D. Sîrbu comes in the context of celebrating 100 years since the birth of the great novelist, playwriter and essayist. I insisted at the beginning of the essay on his relationship with Lucian Blaga, professor of philosophy during the time of the refuge of the University “Regele Ferdinand I” from Cluj to Sibiu (1940-1944), focusing on the catalytic influence of the professor in the formation process of the young writers. Lucian Blaga was in favour of a bright “paideic model” like Socrate’s maieutics.
A first monograph synthesis on Pavel Chihaia
Authors: Hasmațuchi Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Despite of some whiffs of degradation that we breathe every day, we rejoice, sometimes feeling the scent of the air filled with cultural facts that deserve our consideration. Such success belongs to the writer and Professor Ovidiu Pecican, who wrote a paper on a genuine scholar Pavel Chihaia (1922-2019), an intellectual noteworthy not only for his research, but also an author of a praiseworthy moral character.
The Cioran case – a heideggerian case?
Authors: Buzdugan Adrian
Published: January 2020

If Cioran’s articles could be easily examined in terms of their political message, his aforisms, short texts, or essays have nothing to justify their analysis from the perspective of their “political” content. Cioran’s thoughts, bordering on the poetic, are not comparable to Heidegger’s writings in which, as some try to convince us, the totalitarian ideology has deeply penetrated the very core of the ontology he developed. Even if scholars have identified features of national-socialism in Heidegger’s works, it is still difficult to blame him for his ideas since he has quickly and lucidly reconsidered his approach to the Nazi ideology. Cioran’s writings have nothing in common with Corneliu Zelea Codreanu’s books, For My Legionaries or The Nest Leader’s Manual. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu’s hatred for Judeo-Communism has no correspondent in Emil Cioran’s writings.