bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KIK-12 in Soils from Nigeria with the Ability to grow on SDS
Authors: Maarof Mohd Zamros , Shukor Mohd Yunus , Mohamad Othman , Karamba Kabiru Ibrahim , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Rahman Mohd Fadhil Abd , Yakasai Hafeez Muhammad
Published: April 2022

The annual production of chemical toxins and organic pollutants has reached an alarming level. Their eradication from the environment is immensely needed, and bioremediation provides a better alternative for this task. In this study, the ability of molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from polluted soil to grow and reduce molybdenum on a variety of hydrocarbons and detergents was investigated. The bacterium was found to reduce molybdate to molybdenum blue at an optimum temperature between 25 and 34 oC, pH between 5.8 and 6.3, molybdate concentration between 30 and 50 mM and phosphate concentration between 5.0 and 7.5 mM.  The best electron donor hat support molybdate reduction was glucose, followed by sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, l-arabinose, d-mannose, mannitol and cellobiose in decreasing order. The absorption spectrum of the resultant Mo-blue was analogous to that of previous Mo-reducing bacterium and bear resemblance with reduced phosphomolybdate. At 2 ppm mercury (ii), copper (ii) and silver (i) molybdenum reduction was inhibited by 82.4, 61.9 and 47.50%, respectively. Based on the biochemical examination, the bacterium was tentatively identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain KIK-12. The ability of this bacterium to degrade detergent and detoxify molybdenum makes it a vital tool for bioremediation
A Mini Review on the Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants by the Genus Rhodococcus
Authors: Abd Ghani Shafinaz , Habib Syahir , Yasid Nur Adeela , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

The genus Rhodococcus is a very diverse group of Eubacteria that are commonly found in many environmental niches such as soils and seawaters likewise. Owed to their remarkable range of varied catabolic gene and robust cellular physiology, this genus is competent to degrade a great number of organic compounds including some of the most difficult compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons. This review discusses two interrelated topics, which are the petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in the environment and the utilization of the Rhodococcus genus in microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and its derivatives. The first part focuses on the application of hydrocarbon components in standard routine, sources of pollution and the toxicity of these compounds. On the second fraction of this assessment, the biochemistry, physiology and genetic versatility of the genus Rhodococcus will be reviewed with emphasizing their significance in environmental biotechnology and bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Isothermal Modelling of the Adsorption of Glyphosate onto Palm Oil Fronds Activated Carbon
Authors: Marbawi Hartinie , Ros Saidon Khudri Muhammad Arif Mukhriz , Othman Ahmad Razi , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Gansau Jualang Azlan , Yasid Nur Adeela , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

Glyphosate is a heavily usage herbicide in Malaysia. It inhibits amino acids synthesis in plants and microorganisms with the latter inhibition makes it difficult to find biodegradation microorganism as a bioremediation agent for this pesticide. One candidate for bioremediation is biosorption that has several positive aspects which include low operating expenses, very efficient detoxification of toxicants at low concentrations, low amount of disposal materials and does not need nutrient requirements as in bacterial-based remediation, the latter of which is limited by the presence of heavy metals and other toxicants. The biosorption of glyphosate on palm oil fronds activated carbon can be an efficient and low-cost tool for remediation of glyphosate. The absorption kinetics data of biosorption isotherm on the biosorption of glyphosate on oil palm fronds activated carbon were analyzed using modelled according to various models ranging from one to five parameters models such as Henry, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Freundlich, BET, Toth, Sips, Fritz-Schlunder IV, Baudu and Fritz-Schlunder V, and fitted using non-linear regression. Only the Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET and Toth models can fit the data. Statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion) showed that the Langmuir model is the best model. The calculated Langmuir parameters bL value of 0.002 L/mg (95% confidence interval from 0.001 to 0.004) and qmL value of 255.5 mg/g (95% confidence interval from 160.90 to 350.11).
Kinetic Analysis for the Removal of Copper Using Durvillaea antarctica
Authors: Basirun Ain Aqilah , Ros Saidon Khudri Muhammad Arif Mukhriz , Yasid Nur Adeela , Othman Ahmad Razi , Wan Johari Wan Lutfi , Shukor Mohd Yunus , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi
Published: April 2022

Existing techniques for the treatment of pollutants include membrane separation, ion exchange, precipitation, and transformation and biosorption. Of all this technology, biosorption has several positive aspects which include low operating expenses, very efficient detoxification of toxicants at low concentrations, low amount of disposal materials and does not need nutrient requirements as in bacterial-based remediation, the latter of which is limited by the presence of heavy metals and other toxicants. The reduction of copper by Durvillaea antarctica, an alga that lives as south as the Antarctic region can be an efficient and low-cost tool for remediation of copper. In this study, the kinetics of copper biosorption is modelled according to the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models. Statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF) and corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion) showed that the pseudo-second order model is the best model. Kinetic analysis using the pseudo-second order model at 0.15 mM copper gave a value of equilibrium sorption capacity qe of 0.150 mmol g-1 (95% confidence interval from 0.149 to 0.151) and a value of the pseudo-second-order rate constant, k2 of 8.605 (95% confidence interval from 7.016 to 10.194).
Assessing Bioaccumulation Potentiality of Lead- and Chromium- Tolerant Bacterial Strain from Tannery Effluents of Bangladesh through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
Authors: Akhtar-E-Ekram Md , Talukder Afrin Priya , Haque Nazmul , Tazrian Sarwat , Zaman Shahriar , Uddin Salah , Saleh Abu
Published: April 2022

Rapid growth of industries and directly discharge of hazardous toxic effluents particularly heavy metals into water streams creating alarming circumstances for entire ecosystem. With regard to removal of heavy metals, bioaccumulation is an advantageous technique which is comparatively safer and cheaper. In this context, attempt was made to evaluate the bioaccumulation potentiality of heavy metal removing microbial flora from tannery effluents of Bangladesh. Effluent sample was collected from the drainage pipes of leather industrial zone at Hazaribagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh with proper precautions and isolation was done on mineral salt medium supplimented with different concentrations of lead and chromium separately. Antibiotic resistance pattern was checked through disc diffusion method and efficacy was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) furnace. Isolated bacterial colony was gram negative, rod shaped, motile, white colored morphologically. The optimum culture condition for Achromobacter sp. was found at temperature 35Â°C, pH 7.6 and observed as a halo-tolerant strain that could utilize upto 10% salt. Molecular identification revealed that isolated bacterium was Achromobacter sp. (85% similarity) which was also similar with the results found in morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. Isolated Achromobacter sp. was multi-drug resistant (MDR) which was confirmed against penicillin, cefuroxime, cefixime and cefotaxime and LC50 value was evaluated through probit mortality software against Artemia salina at the concentration of 93.01Â±0.2 Î¼l/ml. However, isolate did not show antagonistic effect against Rhizobacteria. Highest detoxification rate of chromium and lead were 96% and 93%, respectively at 100 Î¼g/ml concentration at day 9 of exposure. From the present study, it was clear that isolated Achromobacter sp. had remarkable biosorption efficacy of the toxic lead and chromium from tannery effluents.
Comparative Screening Methods for the Detection of Biosurfactant-Producing Capability of Antarctic Hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Saruni Nurul Hani , Abdul Razak Syafiqah , Habib Syahir , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Alias Siti Aisyah , Wan Johari Wan Lutfi , Smykla Jerzy , Yasid Nur Adeela
Published: April 2022

Four preliminary screening methods for biosurfactant synthesis - drop collapse assay, oil displacement activity, microplate assay and emulsification index (E24) were compared and evaluated for their reliability and ease of use. All screening methods showed positive indications for the synthesis of biological surface-active agents. Nevertheless, partial collapse of the supernatant and low emulsification index (E24) of Pseudomonas sp. might signify a low production of biosurfactants. Based on our observation, both drop collapse and oil displacement assay is the fastest, easiest and most reliable analytical routine to be suggested to screen for biosurfactant-producing strains. In the extent for a high throughput screening (HTS), drop collapse assay is the best method for an accurate screening of biosurfactant producers.
The Application of Crude Ginger Protease as an Inhibitive Assay for Heavy Metals
Authors: Uba Garba , Bala Muntari , Abdullah Muhammad Mushidi , Saat Muhammad Nor Farhan , Gunasekaran Baskaran , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

In this work, a novel source of protease for the bioassay of heavy metals has been developed using proteases extracted from ginger. The result shows that the optimum protease activity was reached at 1 mg/mL protein concentration of the ginger protease. The optimum casein concentration toward crude ginger protease activity was 1.75 mg/mL. The most suitable pH for protease from crude ginger protease was within the range from pH 5.0 to 7.0. The proteases exhibited high protease activity in a broad range of temperature from 20 to 60 oC. The optimum incubation time for the enzyme occurred at minute 30. Among the six heavy metals tested, only three heavy metals inhibited proteolytic activity of ginger crude with an inhibition more than 30% at 1 mg/L. The calculated LC50 for mercury, copper and silver were, 0.182, (95%, confidence interval (C.I.) 0.134 to 0.283), 0.071, (95% C.I. of 0.056 to 0.096), 0.054, (95% C.I. of 0.039 to 0.085), respectively. Data on the sensitivity of various proteases to heavy metals shows that the crude ginger protease is comparable in sensitivity for mercury to the achromopeptidase, bromelain, papain assays. The crude ginger protease assay for copper is comparable in sensitivity to the papain assay and appears to be more sensitive than the rest of the assays. For silver, the ginger protease was the most sensitive while other assay methods are either unable or be able to detect higher concentration of silver. The crude proteases extracted from ginger showed a good potential for the development of a rapid, sensitive, and economic inhibitive assay for the biomonitoring of mercury, copper, and silver in the environment.
Kinetic Modelling of Molybdenum-blue Production by Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10
Authors: Yakasai M.H. , Manogaran Motharasan
Published: April 2022

Kinetic modelling of bacterial reduction process reveals vital parameters like specific reduction rate, hypothetical maximum reduction and deduce whether high substrate (molybdenum) concentration affects the lag phase of the reduction. The commonly used natural logarithmic transformation to linearize the reduction process seems inaccurate as it gives only an approximate value for the specific growth rate. This work for the first time utilized eight different primary models such as Gompertz, Baranyi-Roberts, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Schnute, Buchanan three-phase Huang to obtain values of the kinetic constants that could further be used for secondary modelling. Baranyi-Roberts model was the best model fitting Mo-blue production curve in Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10 based on statistical values for RMSE (root-mean-square error), R2 (adjusted coefficient of determination), AICc (corrected Akaike Information Criterion) BF (bias factor) and AF (accuracy factor). The fitting parameters obtained were lag time (l), maximal Mo-blue production (Ymax) and maximum Mo-blue production rate (mm). The use of microbial growth models to get accurate Mo-blue production rate is entirely new to molybdenum reduction (detoxification) process and the kinetic constants obtained could be very useful secondary modelling. This work has revealed the usefulness of these models in modelling bacterial Mo-blue production
Modelling the Inhibitory Effect of SiO2-coated Zero-valent Iron/palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles (Sio2-nZVI/Pd) Reductant on Pseudomonas putida as the Biocatalyst for 2,2â€™,4,4â€™-tetrabromodiphenyl ether Degradation
Authors: Dan-Iya Bilal Ibrahim , Sabo Ibrahim Alhaji , Yahuza Salihu
Published: April 2022

The used of linearization technique using natural logarithm transformation, though standard, is erroneous and can just give an estimated value for the sole parameter measured; the specific growth rate. in this paper, for the first time we model the effect of nZVI/Pd and SiO2-nZVI/Pd nanoparticles on the growth of P. putida in MSM medium as modelled using models such as von Bertalanffy, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, modified Richards, modified Gompertz, modified logistics and the most recent Huang. The results show that the lag phases of P. putida cell at 4 h (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 7.655 h (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 11.76 h (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and 22.03 h (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, which were longer than that of control, indicating the nanoparticles prolonged the exponential phase of cell growth. Moreover, in comparing the maximum growth ymax, which was 1.23x109, there was a decrease in the P. putida growth, i.e 1.20x109 (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 1.06x109 (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), 1.04x109 (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and 8.59x108 (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, with more decrease in growth at the P. putida growth with nZVI/Pd than SiO2-nZVI/Pd. On the other hand, when comparing the Âµmax, the control has a value of 0.08 while 0.073, 0.073, 0.089 and 0.86 are values at bacterial concentration of (0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), (1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd), (0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) and (1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd) respectively, indicating the specific growth rate decreases with both 0.5 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd and 1.0 g L-1 of SiO2-nZVI/Pd and increases with 0.5 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd and 1.0 g L-1 of nZVI/Pd. It is clear from the results that coating of SiO2 on nZVI/Pd might drastically decrease the toxicity to P. putida cells.
Biebrich Scarlet Biodegradation Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Yusoff Siti Ruqaiyah Mohd , Basirun Ain Aqilah , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi
Published: April 2022

The study was carried out to isolate bacterial strain potential for decolourizing the azo- dye Biebrich Scarlet and to optimize the dye decolourisation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). From azo- dye screening, five isolates were capable of decolourising Biebrich scarlet and out of these, isolate 33 shows the highest decolourisation rate of 4.9x10-6 mgml-1min-1 compared to the other four. Response Surface Method (RSM) which includes Central Composite design (CCD) was employed following a screening procedure as such the Plackett- Burman design to attain optimal condition in order to achieve full azo- dye Biebrich scarlet decolourisation. Seven variables; pH, temperature (Â°C), ammonium acetate (%), glucose (%), salinity (%), yeast (%) and dye concentration (ppm) were studied. From Plackett- Burman design, four of these variables were chosen for further optimisation. Out of 30 individual runs of CCD, three variables; dye concentration, pH and yeast excluding ammonium acetate showed significant model terms (P-value < 0.05). Morphological identification was carried out on isolate 33 and results predicted that the isolate was a Gram-negative bacterium with catalase and cytochrome oxidase enzymes. This isolate gave a gamma hemolysis on blood agar medium and it decolourises Biebrich scarlet better in a minimal oxygen condition. The optimum ranges expected for a maximum dye decolourisation from this study were ammonium acetate (%) of 0.310.60; dye decolourisation (ppm) of about 112.16 or less; pH of 6.62-7.38 and yeast (%) of 0.23- 0.37. The significance of this study is to isolate, screen and identify the best isolated bacterial strain capable of decolourising Biebrich scarlet azo- dye, to study on the factors promoting the growth and the decolourisation of azo- dye by the isolated bacterium through means of RSM and to estimate the optimum condition in the factors which has a significant effect on the decolourisation percentage.
Arrhenius Plot Analysis, Temperature Coefficient and Q10 Value Estimation for the Effect of Temperature on Molybdenum Reduction Rate by Pantoea sp. strain HMY-P4
Authors: Yakasai H.M. , Safiyanu A.J. , Ibrahim S. , Babandi A.
Published: April 2022

The process of microbial molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue precipitate is a biological phenomenon exploited in the bioremediation of molybdenum pollutant. This process is impacted by a change of the surrounding temperature. In general, to model the impact of small temperature ranges on the growth rate of microorganisms on substrates, several models are available. Arrhenius is one of the models and is very common because it has few parameters. An apparent activation energy based on the Arrhenius plot on the rate of molybdenum reduction by Pantoea sp. strain HMY-P4 is reported in this study. A linear plot of ln qmax against 1/T at the temperature range studied (25â€“40 oC) resulted in an activation energy value of 45.69 kJ per mol (95% Confidence Interval or C.I., 32.04 to 59.35). The plot also yields the Arrhenius frequency factor (A) which was calculated as 2.71 Ã— 107 (95% C.I., 1.25 Ã— 105 to 5.86 Ã— 109). The corresponding Q10 value of 2, which represents a relative 10 ËšC increase in the surrounding temperature and a doubling of the reaction rate. The Q10 value of 1.82 (95% C.I., 1.52 to 2.18) and a theta value of 1.06 (95% C.I., 1.05 to 1.08) was calculated. The values obtained in this work are within the normal range for many biological processes.
Development of aerobic granular sludge for sewage treatment in a hot climate
Authors: Nor-Anuar Azah
Published: April 2022

This study is conducted to develop the aerobic granules for domestic wastewater treatment application in a hot climate (specifically at a temperature of 30oC). A 3 L laboratory scale, slightly modified sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was built and used for the experimental study. The observation shows that after 90 d of the SBR operation, stable aerobic granules with an average size of 1.1 mm were formed at 30oC (fed with acetate). The formation of the aerobic granules is also achievable with a complex influent (pre-treated sewage) after operating the SBR system for 125 days and the average size of the granules from this operation was found to be 0.8 mm. In addition, the results also proved that high temperature (30oC) did not affect the development of stable, dense and good settle able granules; thus making the granular sludge SBR system an effective technology for wastewater treatment in hot climates.
Performance of Î²-Glucosidase produced by Ganoderma lucidum using Waste Substrate as Carbon Source
Authors: Salihan Nur Haziqah Aniyah , Ariff Arbakariya , Zakaria Mohd Rafein , Abd-Aziz Suraini , Bd Wahab Md Noor , Wasoh Helmi
Published: April 2022

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was used for the production of Î²-glucosidase by Ganoderma lucidum in submerged fermentation. The activity of Î²-glucosidase had shown an improvement by going from pH 4 to 6 and declined towards alkaline pH. The highest activity (47.75 U/mL) was obtained at pH 6 with 2.0 mm size of substrateâ€™s particle. The smaller the particles size, the higher surface area of substrate which provides more space for hyphae to colonize. Optimum substrate concentration was obtained at 6.0 g/L (43.99 U/mL). The highest Î²-glucosidase activity occurred at 27 ÂºC (53.37 U/mL). The nutrient content in composted OPEFB provides a relevant reason that should be considered in the performance of high activity Î²-glucosidase enzyme. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to produce high activity Î²-glucosidase using cheap and economical substrate (compost OPEFB).
Molecular approach for identification of fungi from soils of Cameron Highlands
Authors: Salvamani Shamala , Gunasekaran Baskaran , Nawawi Norazah Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Seven cultures of fungi were isolated from the soil of Cameroon Highlands. In this research, molecular approach was used for the identification of these fungi. The genomic DNA of the fungi species was extracted and the target sequences within the DNA were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with ITS 1 (forward) and ITS 4 (reverse) as the primers which amplified the Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) of the fungi. The size of PCR product was 600 base pairs. The PCR products were purified and the DNA purity obtained for culture 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 1.74, 1.92, 1.83 and 1.77, respectively. Based on the sequences of the PCR products, three species were successfully identified as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum.Â
Stem cells and endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Gad Mohamed S. , Elfeky Bahgat A , Nofal Ahmed M
Published: April 2022

Endometrial hyperplasia is characterized by a proliferation of endometrial glands that mayÂ progress to or coexist with endometrial carcinoma. Previous studies proved the presence ofÂ endometrial stem cells that may have a role in endometrial regeneration and may be responsibleÂ for proliferative disorders as in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. The presentstudy carried out to evaluate the potentiality of Umbilical cord blood Hematopoietic CD34+ andÂ Mesenchymal stem cells to regress endometrial hyperplastic cells proliferation in vitro underÂ certain condition. The Study carried out on 40 Umbilical cord blood samples collected from termÂ delivering women, mononuclear cell were separated. Endometrial samples from the 40 cases (20normal and 20 cases with endometrial hyperplasia) were collected by dilatation and curettage orÂ by curetting endometrium after hysterectomy operation. Then treatment of the hyperplastic cellsÂ with the Mesenchymal stem cells extract and CD34+ Hematopoietic stem cells extract was done.Â Results showed that both CD34+ Hematopoietic stem cells extract and mesenchymal stem cellsextract both had decreased the rate of growth of endometrial hyperplastic cell culture reachingÂ near to the rate of growth of normal endometrial primary cell culture but the mesenchymal stemÂ cells extract had a higher degree of control making endometrial growth rate nearer to the rate ofÂ growth of normal endometrial primary cell culture.
Antioxidantal and histopathological effects of mirazid on gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats
Authors: AbdEl-Mongy Mahmoud , Y. Nasr Mohamed , H. Elsayed Ibrahim , Soliman Asmaa M.
Published: April 2022

The present study evaluates the biochemical effect of mirazid(MZ) in rats of GMtamicin(GM)-Â induced renal damage. Albino male rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing 40â€“50 g were dividedÂ into 6 groups; normal saline, orally trated mirazid 10 mg/kg, GM 100mg/kg, intraperitoneallyÂ (i.p) for 10 days, MZ at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, per oral for 10 days with the same concentrationÂ of GM, MZ administered concurrently with GM for 10 days. We investigated the effects of MZÂ on GM-induced nephrotoxicity. GM treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by markedÂ elevation in serum Cr and blood urea (152.3 Â± 8.6 mg/dL, 1.6 Â± 0.12 mg/dL resp) whenÂ compared to the saline treated group. GM administration increased renal MDA and NOÂ GMeration but decreased SOD and CAT activities, and GSPx (glutathione peroxidase)Â compared to normal control. MZ administration with GM injections caused significantlyÂ decreased MDA, NO GMeration and increased SOD, CAT activities and GSPx activity whenÂ compared with GM alone. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial loss with intense+granular deGMeration in GM treated rats, whereas MZ decrease the severity of GM-inducedÂ renal damage. To conclude, our data suggest that MZ exhibits some antioxidantal effect againstÂ GM nephrotoxicity, as it has a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects ofÂ GM at both the biochemical and histological level and further studies on its mechanism ofÂ action and side effects are wanted.
Modelling the effect of 2-4, D on the growth kinetics of cell suspension cultures of Ficus deltoidea L
Authors: Ling Anna Pick Kiong , Halmi Mohd. Izuan Effendi , Hussein Sobri , Ong S. L.
Published: April 2022

The mistletoe fig (Ficus deltoidea) is frequently found in several areas of the world, and primarily functions as houseplant or an ornamental shrub. The plant is discovered indigenous generally in Asia tropical region for example Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand. Scientific studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on cells production from this plant are vital as optimization of cells production may result in effective production of secondary products characterization and output. The growth of cell suspension cultures from this plant shows sigmoidal property. In this work, we model the effect of the plant growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the growth kinetics of the cells from this plant according to the modified Gompertz model. The coefficient of determination showed good agreement between experimental and predicted data with values ranging from 0.97-0.98. The results showed that 2,4-D at 2 mg/L was optimal for achieving the highest cells growth rate. It is anticipated that the growth parameter constants extracted from the modelling exercise will be helpful in the future for additional secondary modelling on the effect of media conditions as well as other factors on cells growth
The modified Gompertz model demonstrates a variable growth rate between two Centella asiatica phenotypes
Authors: Hussein Sobri , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Ling Anna Pick Kiong
Published: April 2022

Centella asiatica, a weakly aromatic plant that flourishes in wet tropical and sub-tropical areas as a medicinal species since ancient times. It contained important terpenoids that impart important medicinal values. Currently, studies on the terpenoid content of various Centella asiatica phenotypes have shown not only variable content but variable growth rates of different phenotypes that can affect future selection of phenotypes. The use of mathematical growth modelling can reveal important growth constants and discriminate between faster and slower growth phenotypes. Two Centella asiatica phenotypes from South Africa is modelled using the modified Gompertz model and the results showed that the C. asiatica Type-1 exhibited a faster growth rates and a shorter lag period at 0.152 day-1 and 2.313 day than another phenotype; C. asiatica Type 2 with a growth rate and a lag period of 0.067 day-1 and 3.363 day, respectively. The data indicates that different phenotypes of C. asiatica can have different growth rates and lag period and this can be important for selection of phenotypes to be used as the best bioactive peptides producer.
Mathematical modelling of glyphosate degradation rate by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Manogaran Motharasan . , Yasid Nur Adeela , Ahmad Siti Aqlima
Published: April 2022

Glyphosate is an agricultural herbicide with usage in the amounts of thousands of tonnes per year in Malaysia. In certain soils, glyphosate can persist for months and its removal through bioremediation is the most economical and practical. A previously isolated glyphosate-degrading bacterium showed substrate inhibition to the degradation rate. Important degradation inhibition constants can be reliably obtained through nonlinear regression modelling of the degradation rate profile using substrate inhibition models such as Luong, Yano, Teissier-Edward, Aiba, Haldane, Monod and Han and Levenspiel models. The Aiba model was chosen as the best model based on statistical tests such as root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF) and accuracy factor (AF). The calculated values for the Aiba-Edwards constants qmax (the maximum specific substrate degradation rate (hâˆ’1), Ks (concentration of substrate at the half maximal degradation rate (mg/L) and Ki (inhibition constant (mg/L)) were 131Â±34, 4446Â±2073, and 24323Â±5094, respectively. Novel constants obtained from the modelling exercise would be useful for further secondary modelling implicating the effect of media conditions and other factors on the degradation of glyphosate by this bacterium.Â
Isolation of molybdenum-reducing bacterium; Serratia sp. strain MIE2 from agriculture soil and its potential use in soil bioremediation
Authors: Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Johari Wan Lutfi Wan , Ali Mohd Shukuri Mohd , Shaharuddin Noor Azmi
Published: April 2022

Molybdenum is reported to be very toxic to ruminants and shows evidence of spermatogenesistoxicity in animals and insects. Hence, its removal is important. In this study, we report on thefirst isolation of molybdenum-reducing bacterium from agricultural soil. The bacterium reduceshexavalent molybdenum (sodium molybdate) to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue); a colloidalproduct, which can be trapped and removed from solution. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in atentative identification of the bacterium as Serratia sp. strain MIE2. The optimum conditions forMo-blue production using the normal one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) approach were 10 mM ofsodium molybdate, pH 6.0, a temperature of 35Â°C, ammonium sulphate at 10 g/L as the nitrogensource and sucrose concentrations of between 30-50 g/L as the carbon source and electron donorfor molybdate. Studies on the effects of pesticides and solvents on Mo-blue production showedthat Mo-blue production from whole cells was relatively more affected by these xenobioticscompared to the crude enzyme. Nevertheless, the strain was resistant to most of the xenobioticstested. Based on the strain MIE characteristics, the bacterium will be a suitable candidate for theremediation of aquatic bodies and agricultural soils contaminated with molybdenum.
Determination of the IC50 Value of Allivum sativum Methanolic Extract Against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Rusnam .
Published: April 2022

There are numerous studies done on the efficacy of plant extracts as inhibition agents of bacteria. Several of these studies, however, did not report on the benchmark the concentration of toxicant that causes 50% inhibition or IC50 values, which would allow for comparison with other studies to be made. One of the most accurate ways to measure this value is through analysis of the data using nonlinear regression analysis, where the four parameter logistics equation is routinely employed by many researchers. The aim of this study is to use the four-parameter logistics equation to determine the IC50 value and its confidence interval for the plant extract Allium sativum against the pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. The result of the fitting gave an IC50 value of 18.78 mg (95% confidence interval of 17.53 to 20.13) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.95, indicating acceptable fitting.
Regeneration and Genetic Transformation Systems of Durum Wheat, Triticum durum
Authors: El-Arabi Nagwa Ibrahim , Saleh Jamal Rafik , Abdelhadi Abdelhadi Abdallah , Abdallah Naglaa Abdelmoneim
Published: April 2022

Wheat is a major cereal crop for humans but quite recalcitrant in transformation. Establishment of regeneration system in wheat using immature embryos is not easy and time/cost-consuming. Herein, we developed a regeneration and transformation system using mature seeds in four pasta wheat cultivars. The MS medium with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 2 mg/l BA was the optimum medium for developing shoots from calli. Wheat cultivars showed different regeneration frequencies response due to their genetic makeup. The cultivar Sohag-3 produced the highest regeneration frequency (93.2%) among the tested cultivars. Developed cultivars Sohag-3 and ACSAD1105 mature embryos were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 with the binary vector pISV2678 harboring the bar gene and Î²-glucuronidase (gus) gene. The transformation efficiencies were 12.3 and 9.1% for cultivars Sohag-3 and ACSAD1105, respectively. The polymerase chain reaction (with specific primers for the transgenes) and the dot blot hybridization were used to confirm the integration of the transgene in transformed plants. The transformation percentages were reduced according to their expression and reached 5.6 and 4.6% for cultivars Sohag-3 and ACSAD1105, respectively. RT-PCR and northern blot analysis confirmed the expression of the gus gene only in the transgenic plants. The procedures developed in this study demonstrate the ability to produce transgenic wheat plants expressing the gus gene; hence, this protocol could be used to regenerate transgenic wheat plants expressing desirable and selective genes.
Kinetics of Caffeine Inhibition to the Growth of Caulobacter crescentus on Caffeine
Authors: Ibrahim Salihu , Abdulrasheed Mansur
Published: April 2022

Caffeine is a purine alkaloid naturally found in many species of plant and can be degraded by bacteria. Prolong caffeine consumption is well-known to have serious adverse effects. A caffeine-degrading bacterium had been shown to be inhibited by high concentration of caffeine. To study this phenomenon in greater detail, the effect of caffeine on the maximum specific growth rate on caffeine is studied using various inhibition kinetic models such as Luong, Haldane, Aiba, Yano, Teissier, Webb and Monod. The Haldane model was the best model in modelling the effect of caffeine concentration to Caulobacter crescentus maximum specific growth rate based on statistical tests such as corrected AICCc (akaike information criterion), bias factor (BF), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Parameters obtained from the fitting exercise were maximum specific growth rate (qmax), Ks (concentration of substrate at the half maximal specific growth rate (mg/L) and Ki (inhibition constant) mg/L with their values at 0.7620 (95%, C.I. or confidence interval from 0.603 to 0.920), 0.1050 mM (95% C.I. from 0.001 to 0.211) and 4.614 mM (95% C.I. from 2.154 to 7.073), respectively. These biologically meaningful coefficients will be useful in predicting growth conditions under batch studies and also probably under actual bioremediation strategy where the concentration of caffeine in the treatment may need be diluted to nontoxic concentration prior to remediation.
Molecular Modelling of Oryza sativa Starch-branching Enzyme 1
Authors: Mohammed Sulaiman , Ndejiko Mohammed Jibrin , Usman Mohammed Maikudi , Kaya Yilmaz , Huyop Fahrul Zaman
Published: April 2022

Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) serves as the only enzyme generating glucan branches in green plants and consequently plays a significant role on the resulting starch final structure. Research on rice (Oryza sativa) SBE1 (OsSBE1) structural biology remain untapped. Therefore, there is a necessity for research on the enzyme molecular structure which could lead to the protein function annotation, starch production and energy booster drug design. Analysis of OsSBE1 secondary structure, domains and their interactions, enzyme 3D structure prediction and validation based on C-score were carried out. The OsSBE1 primary sequence was retrieved from GenBank and its secondary structure was predicted to be; Î±-helix (27.68%), extended strand (22.78%) and higher random coil (949.54%). Enzyme domains were found to be carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 48 (isoamylase N-terminal domain), Î±-amylase catalytic domain and Î±-amylase C-terminal all-beta domain with active sites important amino acids asparagine and glutamic acid. From the five 3D models generated, model 3 displayed best prediction. The Ramachandran refinement has 97.3 amino acids residues in favoured region and 0.4 C-score. This bioinformatics study has elucidated on the OsSBE1 molecular model and first to report on its domain interaction.
Isolation and Characterization of Molybdenum-reducing Pseudomonas sp. from Agricultural Land in Northwest-Nigeria
Authors: Alhassan A.Y. , Babandi A. , Uba G. , Yakasai Hafeez Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Microbial heavy metals reduction has an important role in the biological system and in environmental metals recycling to remove its toxic effects in soil and wastewater. A molybdenum-reducing bacterium with the potential to reduce toxic hexavalent molybdenum to colloidal molybdenum blue (Mo-blue) was isolated from agricultural land in Northwest-Nigeria. The Gramâ€™s stain and microscopic examination reveal that the isolate is a Gram-negative, however, phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA identifies the isolate as Pseudomonas sp. Molybdenum reduction in this bacterium is optimally supported by glucose at 1.0% (w/v). The optimum phosphate and molybdate concentrations supporting molybdate reduction were between 3.5 and 7.5 mM for phosphate and 100 mM molybdate. Molybdate reduction is optimum at 37 áµ’C and pH between 6.5 and 7.5. The capacity of this isolate to reduce toxic molybdenum to a less toxic form is novel and makes the bacterium an important instrument for bioremediation of this pollutant.
Biofilm Formation, Adhesion with Staphylococcus aureus Against Food Borne Pathogen: A Mathematical Modeling on the Effects of Adiantum phillippense
Authors: Uba Garba , Ginsau Muhammad A. , Aujara Kabiru Musa
Published: April 2022

Biofilm formation is a process by which microorganisms irreversibly bind to and grow on a surface and create extracellular polymers that promote the formation of attachments and matrixes, resulting in a change in the organisms' phenotype in terms of growth rate and transcription of genes.  A. philippense is a fern with many curative properties that is medicinally treasured. Predictive mathematical modeling approach was used to study adhesion of S. aureus with biofilm. Out of the eight different primary model, modified Gompertz best fit the effect of the plant extract on the biofilm formation and adhesion with S. aureus with the least value for RMSE, AICc and the uppermost value for adjusted R2. The parameters obtained from the modified Gompertz when compared with control and chloramphenicol were ymax 0.980 (95% C.I. 0.889 to 1.070) and 0.637 (95% C.I. 0.604 to 0.670), umax 0.185 (95% C.I.  0.120 to 0.250) and 0.183 (95% C.I. 0.141 to 0.225), lag (h) 0.180 (95% C.I. -0.764 to 1.124) and 3.343 (95% C.I. 2.933 to 3.753) respectively. A strong model to use to fit sigmoidal growth or formation curves tends to be the modified Gompertz equation. The benefit of using this function is that a constant formation rate is not assumed by the Gompertz equation. Instead, it is a model that can be used to model rates of formation (of biofilm) that change over time.

Keywords
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Ruptur Kandung Kemih
Authors: Singgih Nicholas Andrian
Published: April 2022

Ruptur kandung kemih merupakan kegawatdaruratan di bidang urologi yang jarang. Evaluasi klinis yang tepat dan pemeriksaan radiologi memiliki peranan penting dalam diagnosis. Penatalaksanaan yang terlambat dan tidak tepat akan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup hingga peningkatan mortalitas.

Bladder rupture is a rare urologic emergency. Relevant clinical evaluation and radiological examination are important in diagnosis. Late and inappropriate management may decrease quality of life, and also may increase mortality.
Mechanical Ventilation Management in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: - Wibowo , - Frischa , - Harjanto , Realino Bernadus
Published: April 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread to more than 200 other countries around the world. COVID-19 can be complicated by severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, and septic shock in severe cases. About 80% of cases are mild or moderate, 13.8% have severe disease, and 6.1% fall into a critical condition. Positive responses in COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure are usually seen right after the initiation of NIV and HFNC. If there is no substantial improvement in gas exchange and respiratory rate within a few hours, invasive mechanical ventilation should be started without delay. Delayed intubation increases COVID-19 ARDS mortality.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pertama kali dilaporkan di Wuhan, Hubei, China, dan telah menyebar ke lebih dari 200 negara lain di seluruh dunia. Manifestasi klinis pasien COVID-19 sebagian besar tidak bergejala (asimtomatik), namun dapat diperumit dengan pneumonia berat, ARDS, sepsis, hingga syok septik. Sekitar 80% kasus biasanya ringan atau sedang, 13,8% mengalami gejala berat, dan 6,1% pasien mengalami kondisi kritis. Respons positif biasanya terlihat segera setelah dimulainya NIV dan HFNC. Jika tidak ada perbaikan substansial dalam pertukaran gas dan laju pernapasan dalam beberapa jam, ventilasi mekanik invasif harus dimulai segera. Intubasi yang tertunda meningkatkan mortalitas ARDS.
İran’ın Azerbaycan Siyaseti; Karabağ Savaşları Örneğinde
Authors: Nusretoğlu Telman , Kutluer Oder
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada İran-Azerbaycan münâsebetleri, Azerbaycan adıyla ilk millî devletin kurulduğu tarihten başlayarak ele alınmıştır. 1918-1920 yıllarını kapsayan bu dönemdeki ilişkilere değinildikten sonra araştırmanın esas odak noktası olan İran-Azerbaycan münâsebetlerinde İran’ın Karabağ siyaseti üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu tarihî süreç, Azerbaycan Türklerinin millî özgürlük hareketi dönemi olarak ifâde ettiğimiz 1980 yılının sonlarından îtibaren başlamakta ve 30 yılı aşkın bir devri kapsamaktadır. Bu süreçte İran, Karabağ meselesinde kendine özgü bir tutum sergilemiştir. İran’ın Karabağ siyâsetinin başladığı söz konusu dönemdeki tutumu, son Karabağ savaşı döneminde de değişmez olarak kalmıştır. İran’ın Karabağ meselesine yaklaşımı yerine göre çok aktif, yerine göre bekle gör, esâsen de Ermenistan tarafına destek şeklinde ilerlemiştir. Bu desteğin siyasî, iktisadî ve askerî boyutlarının olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Azerbaycan adlı bir Türk devletinin varlığını kabullenememekle birlikte ahalisinin esas çoğunluğu Müslüman olan ülkelere kendi siyasî-dinî rejimini ihraç etmek isteyen İran, Azerbaycan örneğinde yapmak istediği gibi, Müslüman halkların olduğu diğer devletlerde de iç karışıklık, istikrarsızlık havasının hâkim olmasını kendi siyâseti için yararlı görmüştür. İzlediği bu siyâset doğrultusunda İran son iki Karabağ savaşında Ermenistan yanlısı bir tutum sergilemiştir. İran’ın bu tutumu son Karabağ savaşında kendini açık bir şekilde göstermiştir. İran’ın savaş sürecinde Azerbaycan sınırına ordu birliklerini toplaması, askerî tatbikat yapması ve kendi sınırları üzerinden Ermenistan’a askerî yardım göndermesi, onun Karabağ siyâsetinin esasını teşkil etmektedir.
Measurement of Heavy Metal Concentrations of Marine Sediments in Yalova Section of Marmara Sea By LIBS Method And Evaluation of Pollution By Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Yümün Zeki Ünal , Aslıyüksek Hızır , Yentür Murat Mücahit , Önce Melike
Published: April 2022

The wastes formed as a result of increasing settlements, industrial establishments, agricultural activities and shipping activities on the shores of the Marmara Sea cause the pollution of the Sea of Marmara. Although the pollution in seawater is diluted in a short time by waves and water currents, heavy metals and other pollutants that precipitate chemically and physically create permanent pollution in the sediments. Heavy metal concentrations in Yalova and its surroundings were analyzed by LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) method in order to control the pollution in this region. In the analyzes made, the percent availability of heavy metals in the sediments was evaluated. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA), heavy metal contamination levels caused by domestic and industrial wastes in the sediments were analyzed and the results were interpreted. The high levels of Ca, Na, Mg elements in the region depend on the presence of carbonate rocks in the region. The presence of Fe, Al and some trace elements is due to the prevalence of volcanic and magmatic rocks in the region. The fact that the elements with high economic value such as Al, Ag and Ti are especially high in Core 1-6 is due to the granitic rocks outcropping in the eastern part of the study area where the samples were taken in, and it is an indication of the existence of important mineral mineralizations in the region. This situation shows that heavy metal pollution in the marine environment consists of both anthropogenic and natural sources.
Islamic Revival in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-2010
Authors: Karčić Harun
Published: April 2022

Although there has been much discussion about the revival of Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the last decade, only a handful of serious academic studies have been done on this topic. Apart from this, there have also been a number of rather misleading analyses and reports written by foreign journalists who have clearly missed out on the major driving force behind the greater visibility of Islam in some parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and have disproportionately centered their attention most often on Saudi activities in the country.Although the impact of foreign factors is by no means to be neglected, in order to attain an all-encompassing picture of Islam in post-communist Bosnia and Herzegovina, allof the factors need to be accounted for.
Representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Hungarian Political and Popular Writings between 1878 and 1908
Authors: Csiszár Esztella
Published: April 2022

This selective annotated bibliography presents Hungarian texts published between 1878 and 1908 covering Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Austro-Hungarian occupation and annexation. It includes 100 entries of books, articles and pamphlets out of which 60 are annotated.The author categorizes the literature by broad themes such as political analyses and pamphlets, travel accounts, ethnographic/geographic studies and memoires of the occupation campaign, historiographies, and country profiles, information booklets, and provide descriptive annotations of representative articles in each category.
Muslimani Balkana
Authors: Bandžović Safet
Published: April 2022

Fikret Karčić (priređivač), Muslimani Balkana: “Istočno pitanje” u XX. vijeku, Centar za napredne studije, 2. izdanje, 2014, str. 257, ISBN 978-9958-022-03-6