bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical Instability of CdTe:Si Crystals
Authors: Nykoniuk Ye.S. , Panchuk O.E. , Solodin S.V. , Zakharuk Z.I. , Fochuk P.M. , Kovalets M.O.
Published: March 2018

Results of Hall effect measurements of cadmium telluride crystals, doped by silicon (dopant concentration in the melt was 1018 - 1019 cm-3), allowed to classify the studied samples and the conditions under which probably the definite crystal and impurity states are realized. We have found the distinction between 3 type of CdTe:Si crystals: (1) low-resistance p-type crystals with shallow acceptors, in which Si impurity is localized mainly in the large inclusions; (2) semi-insulating crystal with deep acceptors and submicron size dopant precipitates that are source/drain for interstitials Sii - shallow donors;  and (3) low-resistance crystals in which the n-type conductivity is provided by shallow donors: Sii (and/or SiCd). Therefore the silicon is responsible for n-type conductivity of doped samples, introducing as a donor Siі and provides semi-insulating state by forming deep acceptor complexes (SiCd-VCd2-)- with (Еv + 0.65 eV). Besides, the submicron silica precipitates, that have a tendto"dissolution" at relatively low temperatures, can act aselectricallyactive centers.
Relaxation Polarization in Hydrogenated GaSe Layered Crystals
Authors: Kaminskii V.M. , Netyaga V.V. , Ivanov V.I. , Kovalyuk Z.D.
Published: March 2018

The dielectric properties of hydrogenated Gallium Selenide crystals are investigated. It is shown that the frequency dependences of ε' and ε'' permittivity components in HxGaSe have relaxation character and are described by the Cole-Cole distribution.
Kinetics of Fragmentation During Annealing in Vacuum of Titanium Nanofilms Deposited Onto Non-Metallic Materials
Authors: Naydich Yu.V. , Gab I.I. , Stetsyuk T.V. , Kostyuk B.D. , Shakhnin D.B.
Published: March 2018

The results are presented of the study of kinetics of fragmentation of titanium nanofilms 100 nm thick deposited onto the surface of samples made from single crystals of Al2O3 (leucosapphire), ZrO2, SiC, and AlN ceramics and annealed in vacuum at temperatures 1300 ¸ 1600 °C with different exposition times at each temperature within 2 - 20 min range.
Magnetoresistance of Bi2Se3 Whiskers at Low Temperatures
Authors: Liakh-Kaguy N.S. , Druzhinin A.A. , Ostrovskii I.P. , Khoverko Yu.N.
Published: March 2018

Temperature dependencies of Bi2Se3 whiskers’ resistance with Pd doping concentration of 1´1019 cm-3 where measured in temperature range 4.2 - 300 K. At temperature 5.3 K a sharp drop in the whisker resistance was found. The observed effect is likely connected with contribution of two processes such as the electron localization in the whiskers and transition in superconducting state at temperature 5.3 K, which is likely result from Pd complexes.Transversemagnetoresistance in n-type Bi2Se3 whiskers with Pd doping concentration in the vicinity to themetal-insulator transition (MIT) from metal side of the transition were studied in magnetic field 0 -10 T. For the whiskers a resistance minimum was observed at temperature about 25 K that is connected with Kondo effect.
Synthesis, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Composites Copper Iodide/Magnetite-Polychlorotrifluoroethylene
Authors: Mazurenko R.V. , Abramov М.V. , Makhno S.М. , Gunya G.M. , Gorbik P.P.
Published: March 2018

The structural, magnetic and electrophysical properties of composites based on nanosized magnetite chemically modified of copper iodide and polychlortrifluoroethylene have been studied at temperatures 298 – 450 K and CuI concentrations of from 0 to 0,58 volume. It has been found the optimal volume content of copper iodide (~ 0.4) in the composites CuI/Fe3O4, when the interfacial interaction shows most intensively and maximum values electrical parameters take place. The value of the coercive force of nanocomposites CuI/Fe3O4 increases with increasing content copper iodide. It was shown that polymer composites containing CuI/Fe3O4, have higher values of real and imaginary components of complex permittivity and conductivity compared with a system that contains only copper iodide.
Review of Theory of Mesocopic Systems
Authors: Fedotov V.V.
Published: March 2018

In the framework of this work an overview of the theory of mesoscopic systems is made. The main effects of mesoscopic systems are noted. It is determined that the macroscopic characteristics of the system are significantly fluctuating within the mesoscopic level. The basic indicators of coherence of the quantum phase are determined and the mechanisms of influence are outlined. Six effects of mesoscopic systems are characterized with detailed justification. The theory of mesoscopic systems is based on the following mesoscopic effects: the Aaronov-Bohm effect; the effect of the integral quantum output; fractional quantum Hall effect; universal fluctuations of conduction; quantum conductivity quantum dot contact; DC currents in mesoscopic rings.Prospects for further developments in this area of research are based on a detailed study of mesoscopic effects based on the growing tendency for the production and research of materials containing the smallest structures and have low-dimensional features, which leads to the mesoscopic regime.
Structural and optical properties of Co and Ni doped ZnO thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Stolyarchuk I.D. , Kleto G.I. , Dziedzic A.
Published: March 2018

We have reported the effect of Co and Ni doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by RF reactive sputtering technique. The composite targets were formed by mixing and pressing of ZnO, Mn3O4, CoO and NiO powders. The thin films were deposited on sapphire, quartz and glass substrates. The structure study confirms the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO without any secondary phase in transition metal (Co, Ni) - doped samples. Cross-sectional TEM images of all studied samples show a denseand uniformly textured structure composed of column-like structure along the growth direction. The surface morphology of the thin films was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Different surface morphology (AFM) images were obtained depending on the film composition and growth conditions. Optical absorption spectra suggest of substitution Zn2+ ions in ZnO lattice by transition metal atoms. The shift of the absorption edge due to decrease the energy band gap with increasing cobalt content and complex dependence of the energy band gap on content of nickel was observed in optical absorption spectra of the studied films. The room temperature photoluminescence peaks are attributed to near band gap emission and vacancy or defect states.
Vapor Phase Condensation for Photovoltaic CdTe Films
Authors: Yavorskyi R. S. , Zapukhlyak Z. R. , Yavorskyi Ya. S. , Nykyruy L. I.
Published: March 2018

Thin films of CdTe were obtained by vapor phase condensation, namely by open vacuum evaporation, using different technological factors, in particular, different thickness (different time of deposition t) d = (540 -2835) nm, deposition temperature Td = 200°C and evaporator temperature Te (500 - 600)°C. The films were deposited on silicon substrates. The morphology of thin film condensates is determined on the basis of ASM and SEM studies analysis. Were received dependencies of average roughness and root mean square roughness from the material of substrate and film thickness. It was established that the growth of surface nanostructures is determined by Strankі-Krastanov mechanism.
The Influence of Air Exposition of the Zr-Mn-Cr-Ni-Al Alloy on Cycle Life
Authors: Solonin Yu. M. , Galij O. Z. , Graivoronska K. O. , Sameljuk A. V. , Petrovska S. S.
Published: March 2018

It was found by scanning electron microscopy method that the ZrMn0.5Ni1.2Cr0.18А0.1 alloy has a dendritic structure, and the shooting of a typical section of the surface of the metallographic sample in characteristic radiation determined its chemical heterogeneity. The X-ray diffraction method has found that the C15 and C14 are the main phases of the alloy. In addition, the alloy contains Ni10Zr7 and Ni11Zr9 secondary phases. The method of potentiometric cycling has established that the air exposition of ZrMn0.5Ni1.2Cr0.18А0.1 alloy powder results in an increase in the electrochemical stability of the electrodes pressed from this powder and causes a significant increase of their cycle life. It is important that the cycle life of the AB2 alloy doped simultaneously with chromium and aluminum increased. Such doping is usually carried out in order to increase the cycle life due to the creation of hydrogen penetrating stable oxide films. Alloys with the same content of the Ni10Zr7 phase have the same activation rate of the initial electrodes. According to investigations, corrosion of the material originates on the interphase surface and begins to spread along it, indicating its pitting nature, and the surface of the pitting itself has the form of flake.
The Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on Phase Composition and Structure of Tenary Compounds Obtained from the Powder Mixture of the TiH2-Al-C System
Authors: Bagliuk G. A. , Suprun O. V. , Mamonova A. A.
Published: March 2018

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the features of phase and structure formation of a ternary compound during thermal sintering use of compacted TiH2-Al-C powder blends. The thermal sintering was carried out in a vacuum furnace at temperature 1150, 1300, and 1400 0С. The x-ray diffraction pattern and structural analysis show that the main phase after synthesis at 1150 0С is titanium carbide. The ternary Ti2AlC and intermetallic Ti3Al compound were also identified in the phase composition of the alloy. Increasing the sintering temperature to 1300 °C leads to significant increases in the content of Ti2AlC ternary compounds and accordingly decreases the content of titanium carbide TiC.  Is propose a modified model thermal synthesis of ternary compounds of the Ti-Al-C system, which includes the melting of aluminum and its interaction with titanium at low-temperature stages of the process, the formation of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound, formation titanium carbide grains as a result of the interaction of the Al4C3 intermediate metastable phase with titanium or Ti3Al intermetallic compound and the synthesis of ternary Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 compounds as a result of the interaction of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound with carbon and Ti2AlC with titanium carbide TiC.
Ignition and Self-Supporting Burning of Gas-Air Mixtures with Hydrogen Admixtures on Platinum Wire
Authors: Kalinchak V. V. , Chernenko A. S. , Sofronkov A. N. , Fedorenko A. V.
Published: March 2018

The proposed work describes analytical identification of hydrogen admixture concentration and catalyst temperatures limit values beyond which catalytic flameless steady combustion of gas-air mixtures at ambient temperature at platinum wires is observed. The effect of gas-air slip velocity upon considered values is shown. Initial platinum wire preheating temperatures required for catalytic ignition are determined.
Features of the Signal System of Automated Design of Frequency Converters Systems - Ultrahigh Frequencies
Authors: Novosyadlyj S. P. , Abramova I. I.
Published: March 2018

The article analyzes and outlines the modern principles of the theory of the signaling system of automated design with frequency transformations on a non-reciprocal electronic device - the transistor of ultrahigh frequencies. In addition, schematic variants of frequency converters on-field and bipolar transistors, Schottky diodes (varicaps) are considered; the signal theory of transistor and diode frequency converters is described: resistive and capacitive. Schematic performances of frequency converters represent variants of the signaling system of automated designing at ultrahigh frequencies.
Haplotype-Based Genome-Wide Prediction Models Exploit Local Epistatic Interactions Among Markers
Authors: Jiang Yong , Schmidt Renate H , Reif Jochen C
Published: March 2018

Genome-wide prediction approaches represent versatile tools for the analysis and prediction of complex traits. Mostly they rely on marker-based information, but scenarios have been reported in which models capitalizing on closely-linked markers that were combined into haplotypes outperformed marker-based models. Detailed comparisons were undertaken to reveal under which circumstances haplotype-based genome-wide prediction models are superior to marker-based models. Specifically, it was of interest to analyze whether and how haplotype-based models may take local epistatic effects between markers into account. Assuming that populations consisted of fully homozygous individuals, a marker-based model in which local epistatic effects inside haplotype blocks were exploited (LEGBLUP) was linearly transformable into a haplotype-based model (HGBLUP). This theoretical derivation formally revealed that haplotype-based genome-wide prediction models capitalize on local epistatic effects among markers. Simulation studies corroborated this finding. Due to its computational efficiency the HGBLUP model promises to be an interesting tool for studies in which ultra-high-density SNP data sets are studied. Applying the HGBLUP model to empirical data sets revealed higher prediction accuracies than for marker-based models for both traits studied using a mouse panel. In contrast, only a small subset of the traits analyzed in crop populations showed such a benefit. Cases in which higher prediction accuracies are observed for HGBLUP than for marker-based models are expected to be of immediate relevance for breeders, due to the tight linkage a beneficial haplotype will be preserved for many generations. In this respect the inheritance of local epistatic effects very much resembles the one of additive effects.
THE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS: COMPARISON BETWEEN LITHUANIA AND ITALY
Authors: Caruso Donatello , Greblikaitė Jolita
Published: March 2018

In agricultural sector it is important to evaluate activity performance. The research problem is to analyze difference of performance of agricultural holdings between Lithuania and Italy at farms level. The purpose is to define economic indicators for agricultural holdings’ evaluation and compare between two countries. Methodology is based on quantitative analysis. Research results demonstrate the distribution of performance indicators (e. g., sales growth, investments, productivity and financial position) are significantly different for Lithuanian farms compared to Italian. Presented analysis opens scientific need to develop a tool for farm performance evaluation using FADN data and to as-sess income of farms across Europe.
AGRI-FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION THROUGH THE SWOT ANALYSIS
Authors: Fiore Mariantonietta , Stašys Rimantas , Pellegrini Giustina
Published: March 2018

Over the last decade, agri-food chain has been changing rapidly in order to cope and face new global challenges. The key problem of the research is to find the possibilities to increase modern agri-food chain flexibility and adaptability to the needs and the requirements of all the stakeholders within the chain steps. The aim of the research is to create a conceptual agri-food supply chain optimization model and based on it define key characteristics for the selected agri-foods. A SWOT matrix has been developed in order to highlight the several aspects of four agri-food chains: wine, cereal, fruit and vegetables, and oil olive. The research results outline opportunities, strengths, weaknesses, and threats of a strategic management through the structure and characteristics of each chain by giving a deeper understanding.
A CRITERIA MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Zinovchuk Vitaly , Kopytova Iryna
Published: March 2018

The evaluation of the production management efficiency is an important component of the management process which forms the reliability of its feedback. In contrast to the evaluation of production efficiency, it is much more difficult to assess the efficiency of management. In this connection, a scientific problem arises: is it possible to apply a system of criteria, ordered and united by a single methodological approach, to evaluate the efficiency of production management? The construction of a criteria model for evaluating the efficiency of the production management will allow objectively and comprehensively to carry out an evaluation measure of management efficiency. For the conduction of the study, certain general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, both for theoretical generalization and for the purpose of empirical confirmation of the main methodological provisions. The result of the study is a format of the criteria model for assessing the production management efficiency and the justification of its parameters.
VERNALISATION IMPACT ON BIOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF FESTULOLIUM VARIETIES
Authors: KLIMAS Evaldas , LELIŪNIENĖ Jolanta , BALEŽENTIENĖ Ligita
Published: March 2018

Many plants, including Festulolium, grown in temperate climates require vernalization and must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. The aim of research was to investigate impact of vernalisation thermoinduction on growth and development parameters of Festulolium varieties ‘Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’.
Investigations were carried out in Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute of Horticulture, Plant Physiology Laboratory of phytotron complex in 2011–2012. Some peculiarities of growth and development of. Festulolium varieties ’Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’ were investigated. 5 plants were sown in each 5 litre pot in neutral peat substrate (pH 6–6.5). The plants were grown in greenhouse till the tillering phase at the temperature of 20±2 °C at daytime and 16±2 °C at night. Later plants were moved to low temperature chambers for 90, 110 and 130 days for passing of vernalisation processes, where the 8 and 16 hour photoperiod were maintained at 4 °C temperature. After vernalisation periods plants were removed to a greenhouse for additional 20 days. Biometric parameters, namely plant height, shoot number and dry mass were measured after each period in greenhouse and climatic chambers.
The data revealed different response of Festulolium varieties ‘Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’ to vernalisation conditions. According to our data ‘Vėtra’ plant height was 6 % higher than the ‘Punia DS’ after 130+20 days of vernalisation. Nonetheless, vernalisation temperature conditions have no significant impact on shoot number. 110 and 130 long-day photoperiod significantly impacted on shoot number of Festulolium ʽVėtraʼ. Otherwise, 90 days vernalisation of both photoperiod induced significantly the highest length of ‘Punia DSʼ shoots. ‘Vėtraʼ accumulated significantly the maximum dry matter after 110 days vernalisation period, than that after 90 and 130 days.
FESTULOLIUM METABOLITES ACCUMULATION RESPONSE TO PHOTOPERIOD OF FLOWERING TERMOINDUCTION
Authors: LELIŪNIENĖ Jolanta , BALEŽENTIENĖ Ligita , KLIMAS Evaldas
Published: March 2018

Most of plant development, physiological and metabolic processes are regulated by not only soluble sugars such as glucose and sucrose, but also by other signal molecules, such as phytohormones.
The investigation of flowering induction, considering the influence of vernalisation duration and photoperiod on morphogenesis stages and accumulation metabolites in the new Festulolium cultivars ’Vėtra’ and ’Punia’ was carried out at the phytotron complex of the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2011-2012.
The data revealed impact of vernalisation and photoperiod on accumulation of both types of assessed metabolies, i.e. phytohormones and saccharides, and thus confirmed their substantial role. 90 short-day vernalisation induced the highest total phytohormone content in ‘Vėtra’, when plant achieved tillering stage and was going for intensive growth when growth regulators will be important in the metabolic regulation.
The highest phytohormone content was recorded after long – day 130+20 day vernalization at VII and IV organogenesis stages of ‘Vėtra’ and ʽPuniaʼ respectively.
Saccharides content significantly depended on photoperiod and temperature during vernalisation and was different in ’Vėtra’ and ’Punia’.
EVALUATION OF GIANT KNOTWEED AND MISCANTHUS AS PERSPECTIVE ENERGY PLANTS AND ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCED BIOFUEL QUALITY INDICATORS
Authors: STREIKUS Dionizas , JASINSKAS Algirdas , DOMEIKA Rolandas , ČEKANAUSKAS Sigitas , PEDIŠIUS Nerijus , VONŽODAS Tomas , ANNUK Andres
Published: March 2018

Giant knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis) was chosen as a perspective energy plant because it is not a soil demanding plant and belongs to the most efficient herbs in Central Europe as regards high biomass yield. Miscanthus (Miscanthus sinensis) was chosen as a control one. Knotweeds are comparable to wood briquettes and pellets because of their similarparallel mechanical and thermal features. These plants grow in forest environment with an approximate yield productivity of 15 t ha-1 d.b. (dry basis). Experimental research investigations were performed in the laboratories of Aleksandras Stulginskis University. Giant knotweed and miscanthus biomass was cut, chopped, milled and granulated with a small capacity granulator (250–300 kg h-1). Quality parameters of plant preparative and use for energetical objectives were determined. Plant chaff and mill fraction compositions were determined, and quality indicators of the produced pellets were measured – moisture content, density, resistance to compression, elemental composition, ash content and calorific value, also bulk density, fall and natural slope angles. Moisture content reached 7.8 ± 0.8 %; pellet density was 1227.3 ± 48.6 kg m-3. Resistance to compression of giant knotweed pellet was 850 N. Determined ash content was 4.3 ± 0.01 %, and net calorific value of knotweed dry mass was of sufficient height and reached 18.96 ± 0.28 MJ kg-1. Bulk density reached 509.9 kg m-3, natural slope angle was 31.7 0 and fall angle was 49.3 0.
BIOETHANOL FROM STRAW AND ITS PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE
Authors: JÄGER Alexander , KAHR Heike , ORTNER Tina , KRÄNZL-NAGL Renate
Published: March 2018

The consequences of global warming and the need for a reduction in greenhouse gases have led to dramatic changes in the automotive sector. Whereas the use of biofuel increased continuously over the first decade of this century, e-mobility has been deemed.by politicians and the media alike. As the development of the electric car, rechargeable batteries and charging stations are far from being fully explored, biofuels will play an important role as a bridging technology over the next 20 years. The successful use of biofuels requires its widespread acceptance by consumers. To evaluate the public opinion towards biofuels we carried out a representative opinion poll to collect information on the population’s acceptance of biofuels. The result indicates that there is a lack of interest and information about biofuels, especially among young people and women. First generation bioethanol is strongly associated with the waste of food, but the acceptance of the second generation, produced from agricultural remnants like straw from wheat or corn, is considerably higher. The interviewees see more transparent, objective and less technical information about biofuels as an essential way to increase the level of information and the acceptance rate. In summary, the introduction of biofuels must be accompanied by information campaigns if biofuels should ever reach larger market shares. The irritations caused by the manipulation of the software on the part of several automobile manufacturers of Diesel engines could pave the way for this. So, future decentralized bioethanol plants could play an important role in biofuel production and contribute to the development of rural areas. In this paper the legal aspects of biofuel usage are described, the State of the art Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic material is described, the production capacity worldwide is calculated and the results from an opinion poll concerning the public acceptance of biofuels are presented.
INFLUENCES OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE SPRING WHEAT CROP
Authors: ČEPULIENĖ Rita , JODAUGIENĖ Darija
Published: March 2018

The natural biochemical, biophysical and biological processes in the soil is changing due to the intensive use of pesticides. At present, it is actual fertilization technologies, which are based on non-fertilizer rates increase bat on their rational use because in the fertilizer is unnecessary chemical compounds that promote mineral nutritional elements leaching. Have been studied the effect of biological preparations BactoMix, AgroMik and Rizobakterin on soil physical properties. Experiments were carried out in 2015–2016 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University on Calcari-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The mean annual temperature of the study site is 6.0–6.5 °C, mean annual precipitation is 600–650 mm and mean annual length of sun shine is 1750–1800 hour (Lithuanian Hydrometeorological Service). Biological preparations sprayed on the soil surface and incorporated in the soil by sowing spring wheat. The use of biological preparations had a tendency to reduce soil density (from 2.3 to 5.3 %), to increase soil porosity (from 0.6 to 2.1 %). Biological preparations had no significant influence on quantity couples filled with moisture and air. The hardness of the soil after spring wheat harvest was the smallest in the fields sprayed by Rizobakterin preparation. The use of biological preparations BaktoMix and Rizobakterin significantly increased soil moisture. The following preparations significantly decreased soil pulverized fractions (micro structure) and significantly increased amount of particles larger than 10 mm.
THE ANALYSIS OF CRACKS IN BEAMS OF QUAY NO. 80A AT KLAIPEDA PASSENGER AND CARGO TERMINAL
Authors: SADZEVICIUS Raimondas , GURSKIS Vincas , SANKAUSKIENĖ Tatjana , DAMULEVIČIUS Vitas , GURSKIENĖ Virginija
Published: March 2018

The cracks can be technological, appear during the usage time of construction, they can also be regular, and appear under the design load or they can also be unexpected and appear due to accidental impacts. Our research has shown that the cracks have appeared in reinforced concrete beams of the superstructure in quays No. 80 and 81 after the construction of Klaipeda Passenger and cargo terminal are caused by shrinkage strain, when the reinforced concrete beams has hardened. Normal hardening concrete shrinkage deformation is inevitable, but it depends on a number of factors, in particular, that in the present structures occurred because:
- W/C ratio of concrete mixture exceeds the allowable values;
- coarseness of selected aggregates (D = 16 mm) are too small for the construction of a massive wall;
- concrete stratification and possible lack of care for hardening concrete (ambient temperature, etc.), this segregation could be affected by to big spread of concrete mixture (class of slump S3).
The crack width at reinforced concrete beams in the superstructure of quay No.80 varies from 0.05 to 0.5 mm. This are a non-structural cracks, so they do not reduce significantly the mechanical strength and stability of the structure. Also, research has shown that the relationship between the crack width and the distance between the cracks is weak. Proposals for elimination of potential causes of cracking are presented according to the results.
OPTIMAL WIND/SOLAR ENERGY MIX FOR RESIDENTIAL NET ZERO-ENERGY BUILDINGS
Authors: KALDER Janar , ALLIK Alo , HÕIMOJA Hardi , JÕGI Erkki , HOVI Mart , MÄRSS Maido , KURNITSKI Jarek , FADEJEV Jevgeni , LILL Heiki , JASINSKAS Algirdas , ANNUK Andres
Published: March 2018

The article is concentrated on the energy storage problems arising from microgeneration in private households. The case study involves a small-scale wind and solar electricity production set in a net zero-energy building. Both the net zero-energy building and the microgeneration units are connected to an utility grid. The current article serves to confirm the hypothesis, that the self consumption is at its maximum with the annual 70/30 wind and solar energy mix of in favour of the wind. The maximal self consumption at no additional energy storage in a net zero-energy building is studied as well. Produced and consumed energies are equal, which satisfies the requirements for a net zero-energy building with the utility grid acting as an energy buffer. The consumed energy is used to operate a heat pump, heat up ventilation supply air, run ventilation fans, supplying non-shiftable loads (white goods, TV, lighting etc), heat up domestic hot water via heat pump. To express self consumption, we use the term of supply cover factor, which describes optimally the directly consumed energy in relationship to net consumption or production. In annual scale, the cover factors for a net zero-energy building are equal as the production and consumption are equal as well. Also, seasonal variations in self consumption are studied. According to study results, the annual maximal supply cover factor in a net zero-energy building is 0.375 with 70/30 wind/solar mix. Seasonally, the self consumption is at its maximum in summer when the supply cover factor equals to 0.49.
SOIL GENOTOXICITY BIOMONITORING IN RECULTIVATED FACTORY AREA USING THE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR ASSAYS IN TWO PLANT TEST-SYSTEMS
Authors: STAPULIONYTĖ Asta , BONDZINSKAITĖ Skaistė , STRAVINSKAITĖ Monika , ŠIUKŠTA Raimondas , TARAŠKEVIČIUS Ričardas , ČĖSNIENĖ Tatjana
Published: March 2018

Soil pollution with industrial leftovers is of real danger to living organisms since harmful effects can arise after exposure to the contaminants in the soil. In our study, we applied a plant bioassay battery to monitor soil genotoxicity after short-term exposure to the soil. The soil was collected in 3 rounds: at the central part of the brownfield before (S-I) and after (S-III) topsoil removal, and at the brownfield periphery (S-II). The permissible value of the total contamination index is &lt;16 and the corresponding values were 780 in S-I, 69 in S-II and 133 in S-III soil showing that whole brownfield territory is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Cytogenetic markers were recorded in Allium and Tradescantia test-systems and two types of molecular markers, RAPD and ISSR, were analysed in Allium. Our results revealed that the most polluted soil sample has induced an alarming increase of apoptotic cells in onion roots. Chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in Allium decreased inconsistently along with the pollution reduction in the soil. Increased frequencies of all cytogenetic markers were revealed in Tradescantia cuttings after exposure to the S-I soil extracts. Cluster analysis of Allium RAPD and ISSR markers showed that the most polluted soil samples induced genetic changes in onions different from those induced by the least polluted soil. Both plant test-systems in this study confirm that soil from the brownfield is harmful to plants and is potentially hazardous to humans.
EXTENSION OF WEIBULL MODEL FOR DESCRIBING OF DRIED APPLE REHYDRATION
Authors: GÓRNICKI Krzysztof , KALETA Agnieszka , CHOIŃSKA Aneta
Published: March 2018

Sample of Ligol variety apples (slices of 3 and 10 mm thickness and cubes of 10 mm thickness) were dried using following methods: natural convection (drying air velocity amounted to 0.01 m/s), forced convection (0.5 and 2 m/s), fluidized bed drying (6 m/s). The drying air temperature was kept at 50, 60, and 70C. The dried apples samples were rehydrated in distilled water at 20, 45, 70, and 95C. The Weibull model given for describing time dependence of the moisture content change was fitted to experimental data and model parameters were determined by multiple regression analysis. The variation of model parameters with characteristic particle dimension (L), drying air velocity (v), drying air temperature (td), and rehydration temperature (tr) described as multiplication type. By using these verification of parameters, extended Weibull model for describing combine effects of L, v, td, tr, and drying time was derived and the parameters of the model were also determined by multiple regression analysis. The accuracies of both models were measured using the determination coefficient (R2), mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), reduced chi-square (2), and t-statistic method. The Weibull model (R2=0.8319-0.9957, MBE=-0.0044-0.0110, RMSE=0.0189-0.1248, 2=0.0004-0.0180, and t-stat=0.0149-0.2875) and the extended Weibull model (R2=0.9130-0.9948, MBE=-0.0209-0.0377, RMSE=0.0230-0.0719, 2=0.0007-0.0057, and t-stat=0.0389-1.2214) described the rehydration characteristics of dried apple satisfactorily. The extended model by taking into account the effect of L, v, td, and tr on its parameters can be considered as more general one.
THE EFFECT OF HOMO - AND HETERO - FERMENTATIVE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA MIX ON THE ENSILED LUCERNE FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS AND AEROBIC STABILITY IN BIG BALES
Authors: STOŠKUS Robertas , JATKAUSKAS Jonas , VROTNIAKIENĖ Vilma , JUOZAITIENĖ Vida
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of homo- and hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria mix on the ensiled lucerne fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability in big bales. The lucerne was ensiled without additives (C) and treated with a mix of bacterial inoculant that contains Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri (50:50) (I). Silage was treated with bacterial inoculant, which significantly increased the total organic acids concentration by 69 %, lactic acid by 92% and acetic acid by 76 %. If the results were compared with the C silage, the inoculation significantly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid by 73 %, ethanol by 53 % and ammonia - N concentration by 33%. Inoculated silage had significantly lowered the yeast count by 59 % and moulds count by 34 %. Compared to the inoculated silage and during the aerobic exposure, the untreated silage maximum temperature was significantly higher (13.9 0C vs 4.6 0C) (P &lt; 0.05). Therefore, the bacterial inoculant improved the quality of fermentation and aerobic stability in lucerne silages.
DETERMINATION OF DEPENDENCE OF WOOD BIOMASS DISINTEGRATION PARAMETERS ON WATER CONTENT
Authors: SOUČEK Jiří , JASINSKAS Algirdas
Published: March 2018

Mechanical properties of wood are an important aspect in its processing. Wood is traditionally used for construction and technical purposes. Recently, its importance has grown in energy use. For energy use, it is necessary to modify the wood dimensionally into the desired shape. Therefore, the disintegration is an important operation in wood processing. Its difficulty depends on the properties of the wood.
The authors have determined the parameters of energy-using wood species on a water content in the range of 0-50%. The observed properties were wood shear stress. With decreasing water content, the shear stress of wood decreases. The shear strength limit of poplar wood increased from 22.3 MPa to 30.2 MPa. Poplar samples had a higher shear strength than willow samples.
DIELECTRIC USB-MOISTURE METER FOR SEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Authors: VOSTRUKHIN Aleksandr , VAKHTINA Elena , MASTEPANENKO Maksim , Gabrielyan Shaliko
Published: March 2018

The modern technical development condition is closed due to tough business competitiveness, so the innovative information for teaching students on the best examples of engineering and designing is not available. This is one of the basic reasons that diminish engineering education effectiveness in the field of technical knowledge in modern agricultural production. The scientists of engineering departments work above the solution of this problem and adapt the results into practice-oriented teaching technologies. The example is the development of moisture meter for agricultural crops seeds on the world-famous microcontroller Arduino-based platform, oriented to master the foundations of real-time information technologies shown in this article. The principle of the moisture meter operation is based on the most common method for measuring humidity of seeds – dielectric technique. The classical algorithm of conversion, such as permittivity, capacitance, frequency, table-based transformations and temperature correction is given. In the research process the methods of software structural designing, including functionally-oriented techniques for realizing the functions of real-time information systems were used. The hardware and software for solving such tasks as measuring the humidity of crop seeds, as well as studying microcontroller devices operating on the base of classical measurement methods have been developed. It can be used to solve other engineering and scientific problems in the field of agriculture where capacitive sensors are used.
LEAF SURFACE AREA ESTIMATION IN DIFFERENT GRAPES VARIETIES USING A AM 300 LEAF AREA METER
Authors: BURG Patrik , BURGOVÁ Jana , MAŠÁN Vladimír , VACHŮN Miroslav
Published: March 2018

Experimental measurements focused on evaluation of grapevine leaf surface area development in nine varieties, in the viticultural conditions of South Moravia. The dynamics of leaf surface area development was measured by using a device called leaf area meter AM 300. The device operates on the principle of a scanner and the resulting values are expressed through the leaf area index - LAI. The measurements were carried out in five dates during phenophases of growth, flowering, initial development of fruits, and ripening of berries. The results show a significant differences in increase in leaf area between the evaluated varieties, especially during flowering. The size of the leaf area, depending on the year, corresponds to values between 7.615 and 13.483 square metres per hectare. The largest leaf area was reached in growth stage 8, which is ripening of fruit. The leaf area reached the largest size in the varieties Grüner Veltliner, Zweigelt, and Sauvignon, with values ranging from 20.560 to 26.481 square metres per hectare. The results suggest that a significant proportion of leaf area is also represented by lateral shoots whose size in the ripening phase, depending on variety, ranges from 33.7 to 52.9 per cent of the total leaf area.
THE COMPARISON OF PRESSED SEED OILS FEATURES
Authors: MAŠÁN Vladimír , BURG Patrik , HORÁK Miroslav , ŠNURKOVIČ Petr
Published: March 2018

The grape seed oils are characteristic by a very high content of substances. However, a lipid oxidation is the fundamental problem of the seed oils quality degradation. The important indicator for determining the specific type’s purity, stability and level of oil degradation might be its colour parameter. The aim of this study was to identify the different varieties of oils, to evaluate its development during storage and to identify changes in different pressed seed oils. The CIELAB method and NIR spectroscopy were used during the research. Its main advantages include speed, accuracy and simplicity. The use of NIR seemed to be unsuitable as it could not reliably identify different kinds of grape seed oils. Only three kinds of grape seed oils out of six were identified. Contrary, the colour values obtained, using the CIELAB method, correlated significantly with the maturity of the individual varieties. This method can help to verify the authenticity of the oil. The CIELAB method also enabled colour changes in storage. The results show that after six months of storage, the oil got browner and the L* value had decreased. After another 6 months, the shift in values was not so significant. Similarly, the values of other parameters had changed. Using the CIELAB method can be recommended for testing of larger sample sizes for future use in the evaluation of the authenticity and quality of seed oils. The CIELAB method will not replace the standard methods but it might be used for pre-selection of tested samples.
THE EVALUATION OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF CEREAL AND GREEN MANURE ON THE BASIS OF NUTRIENTS
Authors: ARLAUSKIENĖ Aušra , GECAITĖ Viktorija , JABLONSKYTĖ-RAŠČĖ Danutė
Published: March 2018

Research was carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry’s (LAMMC) Joniškėlis Experimental Station on a clay loam Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol. The study was aimed to explore the aboveground mass of perennial forage legumes: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), and their mixtures with festulolium (x Festuliolium), used as green manure, qualitative parameters and compatibility with cereals on the basis of nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The deficiency of other nutrients (P, K) and intensity of green manure mineralization can lead to N absorption. It has been determined that winter wheat takes one kg of N together with 0.2 kg P and 0.6 kg K. Spring wheat requires a similar amount of P but a higher amount of K. Average winter wheat grain yield can be 4.0 t ha-1 on a clay loam Cambisol in organic cropping system. NPK content – 134 kg ha-1 is needed for such productivity (grain + straw). This content is lower for spring winter growing. P:N and K:N ratios are more favourable in perennial forage legume mixture with festulolium, as compared to legume alone. To obtain grain yields of 4 t ha-1 of winter wheat and 3 t ha-1 of spring wheat in balanced organic crop rotation it is sufficient to apply 3.0 and 2.0 t ha-1 DM of pure legume mass as green manure. “Cut-and-carry” fertilisers do not satisfy the wheat demand for P.
THE ASSESSMENT OF ORGANIC AND NATURAL MAGNESIUM MINERAL FERTILIZERS GRANULATION AND THE DETERMINATION OF PRODUCED PELLET PROPERTIES
Authors: JASINSKAS Algirdas , MIELDAŽYS Ramūnas , PEKARSKAS Juozas , ČEKANAUSKAS Sigitas , MACHALEK Antonin , SOUČEK Jiri
Published: March 2018

The research was carried out in Aleksandras Stulginskis University with a natural magnesium mineral fertilizer – magnesium silicate Serpentine rocks that were grounded and granulated with an impact granulation technology, organic cattle manure compost fertilizer, which was granulated using a device with a horizontal granulator matrix (the diameter of pellets is 6 mm), and the mixture of Serpentine and manure pellets (mixture ratio 1:1, diameter of pellets is6 mm). There were investigated and estimated the biometric and physical-mechanical properties of produced fertilizer granules – pellet granulometric composition and biometric indicators, moisture content, density and pellet strength (resistance to impact forces). Research results showed that the pellet moisture content was sufficiently low, varied from 4.7 % to 14.7 %, and the density of produced pellet was considerably high as it reached more than 1000 kg m-3 DM (dry matter). Results on resistance to the deformation of the investigated mineral magnesium and organic fertilizers indicate that the most resistant granules are the ones that are made of the mixture of Serpentine and manure pellets as they decompose to 550.5 N force, whereas granules of manure pellets (without Serpentine) disintegrate to a 271.4 N force, which is about twice as small as the above mentioned one. Research results have shown that fertilizer granules made of organic manure and mixture with magnesium silicate Serpentine are of high quality, these granules are sufficiently resistant to compression on a static force as well as convenient for storage, transportation and mechanical spreading in the field.
RISK OF POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: KALINOWSKI Sławomir , KIEŁBASA Barbara
Published: March 2018

This paper addresses the poverty risk issues in the context of sustainable development of rural areas. Empirical materials included in this paper are based on EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) partial studies, and provide a reference point for comparing the EU income distribution and social integration statistics. Poverty reduction and counteracting social exclusion are among the key Millennium Development Goals. According to studies, one in four inhabitants of EU rural areas is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. While the highest shares of at-risk population are recorded in Bulgaria (54.8%) and Romania (50.8%), the levels reported by Poland and Lithuania are also above the EU average (by 4.5 and 9.2 percentage points, respectively). At the other end of the spectrum, the risk rate in the Netherlands and Czech Republic is 12.8%. For the households, income is a factor underpinning their economic safety and, thus, their confidence. The amount of incomes affects the objective poverty levels measured with a parametric method. In the EU, persons earning no more than 60% of the national median income are assumed to be at risk of poverty. Therefore, the risk of poverty affects nearly every fifth inhabitant of EU rural areas. Poverty and social exclusion are multidimensional aspects which result in unmet needs in multiple areas: healthcare, education, housing, culture and leisure. While triggering some kind of feedback loop, insufficient incomes are both the cause and the effect of deprivation of needs. Also, they provide favorable conditions for an unsustainable development of rural areas.
AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL OF SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AGGRESSION AMONG RURAL ADOLESCENTS
Authors: VALIŪNĖ Dovilė
Published: March 2018

Social innovation is very important for rural development. It is a lack of researchers about an individual level of social innovations in Lithuania. Adolescents’ aggression is an important social problem that can affect society and social innovations. It needs to find the differences in aggression between rural and urban adolescents because it could help to plan effective interventions for reducing aggressive behavior. The present study aimed to assess the aggression among rural and urban adolescents. It was hypothesized that rural and urban adolescents differ significantly on aggression. In order to verify the above hypothesis a sample of 479 (207 boys; 272 girls) students were selected from Lithuanian schools. The sample includes the similar size of rural (N=242) and urban (N=237) students. The age of participants was from 12 to 17. It was used Aggression Questionnaire developed by Buss and Perry (1992) in this research. The questionnaire involves four subscales: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. The results showed that urban girls had more physical aggression than rural girls. However, it was not found statistically significant differences in physical aggression among urban and rural boys. Also, it was not found any statistically significant differences in verbal aggression, anger, hostility among urban and rural adolescents.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTED EUROPEAN UNION COMMON POLICY CONCERNING DIRECT PAYMENTS
Authors: MICKIEWICZ Bartosz
Published: March 2018

The paper presents the EU trend towards simplifying of the European legislation in the Common Agricultural Policy. Author remarks the Multi-annual Financial Framework should be focused on the simplification of the CAP and points out that the law should be created in simple, transparent and understandable manner for farmers. EU Members States must respect the principles of subsidiarity, proportionality and coherence. Paying attention to direct payments, there is underlined the importance of land greening in relation to the diversification of crops and the preservation of permanent agricultural land. Author concludes that only professional farmers who have acquired payment entitlements. The review of CAP has not changed the level of funding of agricultural policy in present financial perspective.