bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fits of αs using power corrections in the three-jet region
Authors: Nason Paolo , Zanderighi Giulia
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In this work we study the impact of recent findings regarding non-perturbative corrections in the three-jet region to e+e− hadronic observables, by performing a simultaneous fit of the strong coupling constant αs and the non-perturbative parameter α0. We extend the calculation of these power corrections, already known for thrust and C-parameter, to other e+e− hadronic observables. We find that for some observables the non-perturbative corrections are reasonably well behaved in the two-jet limit, while for others they have a more problematic behaviour. If one limits the fit to the three-jet region and to the well-behaved observables, one finds in general very good results, with the extracted value of αs agreeing well with the world average. This is the case in particular for the thrust and C-parameter for which notably small values of αs have been reported when non-perturbative corrections have been computed using analytic methods. Furthermore, the more problematic variables are also well described provided one stays far enough from the two-jet limit, while in this same region they cannot be described using the traditional implementation of power-corrections based on two-jet kinematics.
Research solution for automatic hole quality analysis when drilling fiber-reinforced composites
Authors: Hrechuk Andrii , Hörndahl Mikael , Schultheiss Fredrik
Published: June 2023

Fiber-reinforced polymers are highly demanding composites in aerospace and automotive areas because of their excellent mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. The drilling remains the major machining operation applied to composites to provide high-quality holes for joints between parts. Due to composites plied structure, the drilling is accompanied with unusual form metal cutting defects such as delamination and uncut fibers around the drilled hole. Considering that the tool life of some drills reaches over thousands of holes, the research of composites machinability becomes difficult due to demanded labor intensity in manual inspection of the hole quality. Therefore, this paper develops the research solution for automatic analysis of the hole quality in drilled fiber-reinforced materials. The paper proposes a complex of solutions aimed to speed up the analysis of the hole quality when composites drilling. The solution consists of the developed vacuum table, robot arm with high-speed camera, developed top and bottom lightning systems, and Image Processing algorithms for defect detection from captured images. The paper results show how the developed solution can be used for high routine research activities. The output data, including tested 72 cutting data parameters and full-size tool life test, allowed identifying the operational window for high-speed steel drills and the range of tool life, where drill ensures a certain hole quality. The paper shows the efficiency of the developed research solution can reach 5 s per hole including drilling and full cycle of measurements having measurement error of 1–3%.
Engineered soluble, trimerized 4-1BBL variants as potent immunomodulatory agents
Authors: Battin Claire , De Sousa Linhares Annika , Leitner Judith , Grossmann Anna , Lupinek Daniela , Izadi Shiva , Castilho Alexandra , Waidhofer-Söllner Petra , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Stritzker Jochen , Steinberger Peter
Published: June 2023

Targeting co-stimulatory receptors promotes the activation and effector functions of anti-tumor lymphocytes. 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR-SF), is a potent co-stimulatory receptor that plays a prominent role in augmenting effector functions of CD8+T cells, but also CD4+T cells and NK cells. Agonistic antibodies against 4-1BB have entered clinical trials and shown signs of therapeutic efficacy. Here, we have used a T cell reporter system to evaluate various formats of 4-1BBL regarding their capacity to functionally engage its receptor. We found that a secreted 4-1BBL ectodomain harboring a trimerization domain derived from human collagen (s4-1BBL-TriXVIII) is a strong inducer of 4-1BB co-stimulation. Similar to the 4-1BB agonistic antibody urelumab, s4-1BBL-TriXVIIIis very potent in inducing CD8+and CD4+T cell proliferation. We provide first evidence that s4-1BBL-TriXVIIIcan be used as an effective immunomodulatory payload in therapeutic viral vectors. Oncolytic measles viruses encoding s4-1BBL-TriXVIIIsignificantly reduced tumor burden in a CD34+humanized mouse model, whereas measles viruses lacking s4-1BBL-TriXVIIIwere not effective. Natural soluble 4-1BB ligand harboring a trimerization domain might have utility in tumor therapy especially when delivered to tumor tissue as systemic administration might induce liver toxicity.
Predictors for surgical site infection in patients undergoing therapeutic or prophylactic intra-abdominal onlay mesh (IPOM) implantation in clean and contaminated surgical fields
Authors: Jakob Manuel O. , Brüggemann Adriana , Moser Nina , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido , Haltmeier Tobias
Published: June 2023

Background

Prophylactic intra-abdominal onlay mesh (IPOM) implantation has been shown to reduce the rate of fascial dehiscence and incisional hernia. However, surgical site infection (SSI) in presence of an IPOM remains a concern. The aim of this study was to assess predictors for SSI following IPOM placement in hernia and non-hernia abdominal surgery in clean and contaminated surgical fields.

Methods

Observational study including patients undergoing IPOM placement at a Swiss tertiary care hospital 2007–2016. IPOM implantation was performed in hernia and non-hernia elective and emergency abdominal surgery, including contaminated and infected surgical fields. The incidence of SSI was prospectively assessed by Swissnoso according to CDC criteria. The effect of disease- and procedure-related factors on SSI was assessed in multivariable regression analysis, adjusting for patient-related factors.

Results

A total of 1072 IPOM implantations were performed. Laparoscopy was performed in 415 patients (38.7%), laparotomy in 657 patients (61.3%). SSI occurred in 172 patients (16.0%). Superficial, deep, and organ space SSI were found in 77 (7.2%), 26 (2.4%), and 69 (6.4%) patients, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed emergency hospitalization (OR 1.787, p = 0.006), previous laparotomy (1.745, p = 0.029), duration of operation (OR 1.193, p < 0.001), laparotomy (OR 6.167, p < 0.001), bariatric (OR 4.641, p < 0.001), colorectal (OR 1.941, p = 0.001), and emergency (OR 2.510, p < 0.001) surgery, wound class ≥ 3 (OR 3.878, p < 0.001), and non-polypropylene mesh (OR 1.818, p = 0.003) as independent predictors for SSI. Hernia surgery was independently associated with a lower risk for SSI (OR 0.165, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study revealed emergency hospitalization, previous laparotomy, duration of operation, laparotomy, as well as bariatric, colorectal, and emergency surgery, abdominal contamination or infection, and usage of non-polypropylene mesh as independent predictors for SSI. In contrast, hernia surgery was associated with a lower risk for SSI. The knowledge of these predictors will help to balance benefits of IPOM implantation against the risk for SSI.

Graphical abstract
Robot-assisted spinal augmentation procedures: is it worth the increased effort?
Authors: Bettag Christoph , Jann Tim , Rohde Veit , Fiss Ingo , Schatlo Bawarjan , von der Brelie Christian
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Spinal augmentation procedures (SAP) are standard procedures for vertebral compression fractures. Often, SAPs are carried out in a minimally invasive, percutaneous way. Certain anatomic conditions such as small pedicles or kyphotic deformities resulting from a significant collapse of the vertebral body might render the operation more difficult and increase the risk of complications. Thus, robot assistance might be useful to optimize the trajectory and to reduce procedure-associated complications. In this study robot-assisted percutaneous SAPs are compared with conventional fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous SAP.

Methods

A retrospective observational analysis was carried out. Standard demographic parameters were analyzed. Procedural data including radiation dosage records were screened. Biomechanical data were recorded. Cement volumes were analyzed. The precision of the pedicular trajectory was reviewed, and misplaced trajectories were categorized. Procedure-associated complications were analyzed and evaluated for their clinical significance.

Results

A total of 130 procedures were reviewed, and 94 patients were finally included. Osteoporotic fractures (OF) were the main indication (60.7%; OF 2–44%, OF 4–33%). Demographic parameters and clinically relevant complications were equally distributed between the two groups. Duration of surgery was significantly longer in robot-assisted procedures (p < 0.001). Intraoperative radiation exposure was equally distributed. Injected cement volume was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in pedicle trajectory deviation.

Conclusion

The use of robot assistance in SAP seems not to be superior with regard to accuracy, radiation exposure and the rate of complications when compared to fluoroscopy-guided SAP.
Antiviral response and immunopathogenesis of interleukin 27 in COVID-19
Authors: Valdés-López Juan Felipe , Urcuqui-Inchima Silvio
Published: June 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with a high mortality rate. The clinical course is attributed to the severity of pneumonia and systemic complications. In COVID-19 patients and murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the disease may be accompanied by excessive production of cytokines, leading to an accumulation of immune cells in affected organs such as lungs. Previous reports have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection antagonizes interferon (IFN)-dependent antiviral response, thereby preventing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Lower IFN levels have been linked to more-severe COVID-19. Interleukin 27 (IL27) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of IL27p28 and EBI3 subunits, which induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Recently, we and others have reported that IL27 also induces a strong antiviral response in an IFN-independent manner. Here, we investigated transcription levels of both IL27 subunits in COVID-19 patients. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 infection modulates TLR1/2-MyD88 signaling in PBMCs and monocytes and induces NF-κB activation and expression of NF-κB-target genes that are dependent on a robust pro-inflammatory response, including EBI3; and activates IRF1 signaling which induces IL27p28 mRNA expression. The results suggest that IL27 induces a robust STAT1-dependent pro-inflammatory and antiviral response in an IFN-independent manner in COVID-derived PBMCs and monocytes as a function of a severe clinical course of COVID-19. Similar results were observed in macrophages stimulated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Thus, IL27 can trigger an antiviral response in the host, suggesting the possibility of novel therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
Dopaminergic treatment strategies for people with Parkinson’s disease in Europe: a retrospective analysis of PRISM trial data
Authors: Hansen Lara , Witzig Victoria , Schulz Jörg B. , Holtbernd Florian
Published: June 2023

Background

Levodopa (LD) is the most effective drug to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD). The recently concluded multinational Parkinson’s Real-World Impact Assessment (PRISM) trial revealed highly variable prescription patterns of LD monotherapy across six European countries. The reasons remain unclear.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of PRISM trial data, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify socio-economic factors affecting prescription practice. We applied receiver-operated characteristics and split sample validation to test model accuracy to predict treatment class (LD monotherapy vs. all other treatments).

Results

Subject age, disease duration, and country of residence were significant predictors of treatment class. The chance of receiving LD monotherapy increased by 6.9% per year of age. In contrast, longer disease duration reduced the likelihood of receiving LD monotherapy by 9.7% per year. Compared to the other countries, PD patients in Germany were 67.1% less likely and their counterparts in the UK 86.8% more likely to receive an LD monotherapy. The model classification accuracy of treatment class assignment was 80.1%. The area under the curve to predict treatment condition was 0.758 (95% CI [0.715, 0.802]). Split sample validation revealed poor sensitivity (36.6%), but excellent specificity (92.7%) to predict treatment class.

Conclusion

The relative lack of socio-economic variables affecting prescription practice in the study sample and limited model accuracy to predict treatment class suggest the presence of additional, country-specific factors affecting prescription patterns that were not assessed in the PRISM trial. Our findings indicate that physicians still avoid prescribing LD monotherapy to younger PD patients.
Antioxidant enzymes of Pseudochlorella pringsheimii under two stressors: variation of SOD Isoforms activity
Authors: Ismaiel Mostafa M. S. , Piercey-Normore Michele D.
Published: June 2023

Algae are always facing the challenge of exposure to different stress conditions, therefore raising challenges of adaptation for survival. In this context, the growth and the antioxidant enzymes of the green stress-tolerant alga Pseudochlorella pringsheimii were investigated under two environmental stresses viz. iron and salinity. The number of algal cells was moderately increased by iron treatment in the range of 0.025–0.09 mM of iron, yet, the number of cells decreased at high iron concentrations (0.18 to 0.7 mM Fe). Furthermore, the different NaCl concentrations (8.5–136.0 mM) had an inhibitory effect on the algal cell number, compared to the control.

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed three isoforms namely; Mn, Fe, and Cu/Zn SOD. The in gel and in vitro (tube-test) activities of FeSOD were higher compared with the other SOD isoforms. The activity of total SOD and its isoforms increased significantly by the different concentrations of Fe and non-significantly by NaCl. The maximum SOD activity was recorded at 0.7 mM Fe (67.9% above control). The relative expression of FeSOD was high under iron and NaCl at 8.5 and 34 mM, respectively. However, FeSOD expression was reduced at the highest NaCl tested concentration (136 mM). In addition, the antioxidant enzyme activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were accelerated by increasing iron and salinity stress which indicates the essential role of these enzymes under stress. The correlation between the investigated parameters was also investigated. A highly significant positive correlation between the activity of total SOD and its isoforms, and with the relative expression of FeSOD was observed.
Changes in retirement plans in the English older population during the COVID-19 pandemic: The roles of health factors and financial insecurity
Authors: Kung Claryn S. J. , Zhu Jingmin , Zaninotto Paola , Steptoe Andrew
Published: June 2023

Over the course of 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted lives globally. In the UK, unemployment rate continued to increase during and post-lockdown periods, and job security and financial wellbeing deteriorated. It is important to understand whether individual decisions related to retirement plans have changed systematically as a result of the pandemic, especially among older adults who experienced greater rates of pandemic unemployment. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article examines changes in retirement plans of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimates the impact of health and financial circumstances on these changes. In June/July 2020, 5% of 2095 participants reported planning earlier retirement, while 9% reported planning later retirement. We found that poor self-rated health and financial insecurity were associated with intentions to postpone retirement. Additional risk of later retirement associated with poor health was detected among those experiencing financial insecurity. In November/December 2020, 7% of 1845 participants reported planning earlier retirement, while 12% reported planning later retirement. We found that poor health was predictive of a lower relative risk of later retirement, while depressive symptomology and financial insecurity predicted a higher relative risk of later retirement. The findings imply a contextual role of health factors in, and a persistent influence of financial insecurity on, retirement planning in the older population.
Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Abdelhamid Ahmed F. , Gewida Ahmed G. A. , El-Sayed Abdel-Fattah M. , Badran Mohamed F.
Published: June 2023

The current investigation was carried out to determine the impacts of different levels of vitamin K (VK) on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of all-male juveniles of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). VK3 (menadione) was added in five concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 mg kg–1 diet) in five isonitrogenous (30% cp), isocaloric (18.61 MJ kg–1) diets. The fish were fed the diets at a daily rate of 3% of their live weight, divided into 3 meals for 60 days. The results implied that supplemental VK did not provide any growth rate improvements and the efficiency of feed utilization over the control diet. Increasing dietary VK above 2 mg kg–1 feed resulted in significant retardation in fish performance and survival rates. Furthermore, supplemental VK up to 2–4 mg kg–1 increased hematological parameters, physiological functions, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and bone mineralization. Further increase in dietary VK resulted in a significant decline or level off in these parameters. Meanwhile, liver function enzymes increased progressively with dietary VK increasing. In conclusion, these findings suggest that supplemental VK maybe not be necessary for Nile tilapia growth performance, whereas about 2–4 mg kg–1 diet is required for other physiological functions. Increasing VK beyond these levels may pose adverse effects on Nile tilapia. However, further long-term studies are required to confirm these results.
Struggling, Forgotten, and Under Pressure: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Brooks Samantha K. , Patel Sonny S. , Greenberg Neil
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected physical, mental, and economic well-being across the globe and has disproportionately affected certain vulnerable groups. This paper provides a scoping review of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex workers, published between December 2019 and December 2022. Six databases were systematically searched, identifying 1009 citations; 63 studies were included in the review. Thematic analysis revealed eight main themes: financial issues; exposure to harm; alternate ways of working; COVID-19 knowledge, protective behaviors, fear, and risk; well-being, mental health, and coping; access to support; access to health care; and the impact of COVID-19 on research with sex workers. COVID-associated restrictions led to reduced work and income, leaving many sex workers struggling to cover basic needs; additionally, government protections excluded those working in the informal economy. Fearing the loss of their already reduced number of clients, many felt compelled to compromise both prices and protective measures. Although some engaged in online sex work, this raised concerns about visibility and was impossible for those without technological access or skills. Many feared COVID-19, but felt pressure to continue working, often with clients who refused to wear masks or share exposure history. Other negative impacts on well-being related to the pandemic included reduced access to financial support or health care. Marginalized populations (and especially those in professions which require close contact like sex workers) need further support and capacity-building within the community to recover from the impact of COVID-19.
The socio-ecological resilience and sustainability implications of seafood supply chain disruption
Authors: Subramaniam Roshni C. , Ruwet Mélodie , Boschetti Fabio , Fielke Simon , Fleming Aysha , Dominguez-Martinez Rosa Mar , Plagányi Éva , Schrobback Peggy , Melbourne-Thomas Jessica
Published: June 2023

Remaining resilient under disruption, while also being sustainable, is essential for continued and equitable seafood supply in a changing world. However, despite the wide application of resilience thinking to sustainability research and the multiple dimensions of social-ecological sustainability, it can be difficult to ascertain how to make a supply chain both resilient and sustainable. In this review, we draw upon the socio-ecological resilience and sustainability literature to identify links and highlight concepts for managing and monitoring adaptive and equitable seafood supply chains. We then review documented responses of seafood supply networks to disruption and detail a case study to describe the attributes of a resilient seafood supply system. Finally, we outline the implications of these responses for social (including wellbeing and equity), economic and environmental sustainability. Disruptions to supply chains were categorised based on their frequency of occurrence (episodic, chronic, cumulative) and underlying themes were derived from supply chain responses for each type of disruption. We found that seafood supply chains were resilient when they were diverse (in either products, markets, consumers or processing), connected, supported by governments at all scales, and where supply chain actors were able to learn and collaborate through trust-based relationships. With planning, infrastructure and systematic mapping, these attributes also can help to build socio-ecological sustainability and move towards more adaptive and equitable seafood supply.
Selecting and refining suitable methods of developing digital elevation models to represent geomorphic features and characteristics of smaller wetlands in data-scarce environments
Authors: van der Waal Bennie , Grenfell Suzanne , Huchzermeyer Nicholaus , Schlegel Pippa
Published: June 2023

Land surface geomorphology plays an important role in water and sediment dispersal processes in wetlands. For wetland practitioners and researchers to engage with these processes in time and space, they require topographic data in order to derive wetland surface gradient, cross-sectional shape and area, surface and subsurface hydrological connectivity, and hydraulic characteristics. A range of data options, with varying spatial resolutions, are available, ranging from free national and global resources (e.g. contour data and global elevation models) to project-specific high-resolution surveys (e.g. Differential Global Positioning Systems (DGPS), Photogrammetry, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR)). Due to the scarcity of high-resolution and high-accuracy data, especially in developing countries, data gathering and processing costs can be significant. This paper presents a commentary on a range of topographic data and processing options for a relatively small (~ 40 ha) floodplain wetland in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It critically reviews the usefulness and shortfalls of various wetland-related applications ranging from gradient calculations to more detailed hydraulic modelling, and the data resolution required for each application. Free, low-resolution, datasets have a limited representation of geomorphology at this scale due to the relatively low-resolution and large vertical error. Field-based surveys (using survey-grade equipment such as a DGPS) have the benefit of providing accurate terrain results in areas with dense vegetation and surface water, while photogrammetry and LiDAR data are useful to represent the higher resolution morphology across the wetland, despite shortcomings regarding the penetration of dense vegetation and surface water. However, combining DGPS data with LiDAR proves to yield the best model for detailed process modelling for wetlands at the local scale.
“Your Health at Present”: Are Patterns of Reporting Heterogeneity in Self-rated Health Gendered?
Authors: Dobreva Ralitza , Posel Dorrit
Published: June 2023

This study explores reporting heterogeneity in self-rated health in a developing country context, and it thereby contributes to a growing literature which evaluates whether purely subjective indicators of health provide reliable measures of health status that permit inter-personal comparisons. We focus on gender and investigate if reporting patterns on self-rated health vary systematically between women and men. Most studies assess the reliability of self-rated health indicators by incorporating gender as a control variable in the analysis. We extend this research by examining whether gender intersects with a range of social factors to affect health perceptions. We analyse national longitudinal data, using the random effects generalised ordered probit iterative estimation procedure, thereby controlling for unobserved characteristics that may compromise cross-sectional analysis. Overall, our study corroborates other findings on the reliability of subjective health indicators, even in the culturally and economically diverse context of South Africa. However, although reporting styles are largely consistent between women and men, we also identify several differences, which warrant further investigation in other contexts.
Preclinical evaluation of a tool for insertion force measurements in cochlear implant surgery
Authors: Böttcher-Rebmann Georg , Schell Viktor , Zuniga M. Geraldine , Salcher Rolf , Lenarz Thomas , Rau Thomas S.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Trauma that may be inflicted to the inner ear (cochlea) during the insertion of an electrode array (EA) in cochlear implant (CI) surgery can significantly decrease the hearing outcome of patients with residual hearing. Interaction forces between the EA and the cochlea are a promising indicator for the likelihood of intracochlear trauma. However, insertion forces have only been measured in laboratory setups. We recently developed a tool to measure the insertion force during CI surgery. Here, we present the first ex vivo evaluation of our tool with a focus on usability in the standard surgical workflow.

Methods

Two CI surgeons inserted commercially available EAs into three temporal bone specimens. The insertion force and the orientation of the tool were recorded together with camera footage. The surgeons answered a questionnaire after each insertion to evaluate the surgical workflow with respect to CI surgery.

Results

The EA insertion using our tool was rated successful in all 18 trials. The surgical workflow was evaluated to be equivalent to standard CI surgery. Minor handling challenges can be overcome through surgeon training. The peak insertion forces were 62.4 mN ± 26.7 mN on average. Peak forces significantly correlated to the final electrode insertion depth, supporting the assumption that the measured forces mainly correspond to intracochlear events and not extracochlear friction. Gravity-induced forces of up to 28.8 mN were removed from the signal, illustrating the importance of the compensation of such forces in manual surgery.

Conclusion

The results show that the tool is ready for intraoperative use. In vivo insertion force data will improve the interpretability of experimental results in laboratory settings. The implementation of live insertion force feedback to surgeons could further improve residual hearing preservation.
Efficacy and safety of EGFR inhibitor gefitinib in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: a preliminary report
Authors: Krishna Abhishek , Sathya M. , Mukesh S. , Athiyamaan M. S. , Banerjee Sourjya , Sunny Johan , Srinivas Challapalli , Lobo Dilson , Makkapatti Bharat Sai , Jawahar Vaishak
Published: June 2023

There has been growing interest in the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in various cancers. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gefitinib as a monotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Patients with cervical carcinoma who experienced locoregional recurrence or distant metastases either at presentation or after definitive combined chemoradiotherapy or postoperative radiotherapy were enrolled. Gefitinib was administered orally at a dose of 250 mg/d to eligible patients. Treatment with Gefitinib was continued until disease progression, intolerable adverse effects were developed, or consent was withdrawn. Clinical and radiological investigations were used to verify the disease response. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. The study enrolled 32 patients who met the eligibility criteria. Thirty patients were available for the analysis. The majority of the patients included in the analysis had FIGO stage IIIB disease at their initial presentation. The median follow-up time was 6 months (3–15 months). Two patients (7%) had a complete clinical response, 7 patients (23%) had a partial response, 5 patients (17%) showed a stable disease and 16 patients had progressive disease (53%). The disease control rate was 47%. The median PFS was noted to be 4.5 months and the 1-year PFS was 20%. None of the individuals experienced toxicity of grade 3 or higher. All toxicities were managed conservatively. The study suggests that gefitinib may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with advanced cervical cancer who have limited treatment alternatives.
Why Social Robots Need Self-Preservation to Be Objects of Moral Consideration
Authors: Hassan Mohamed
Published: June 2023

While there is a wide agreement today among researchers that robots lack the capacity to be conscious or sentient, two possible dangers are important to address today. Firstly, one could claim that a robot is sentient in the near future or even today in some way that we are not able to understand or verify. Secondly, if we decide to err on the side of caution and grant them legal protection anyway, we could be infringing on personal and intellectual freedom by restricting particular uses of robots or the research and development of said robots. This brings the question that is central to this paper: where can we draw the line? Put in another way, how can we know if SRs are objects of moral consideration (OMCs: such as dogs, bees, or trees) or an object of human desire (OHDs: such as toasters or toys)? This paper presents the condition of self-preservation as a necessary and sufficient condition to draw the line between OMCs and OHDs.
Comparison Study of ANFIS, ANN, and RSM and Mechanistic Modeling for Chromium(VI) Removal Using Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals–Sodium Alginate (CNC–Alg)
Authors: banza Musamba , Seodigeng Tumisang , Rutto Hilary
Published: June 2023

The adsorption process was investigated using the ANFIS, ANN, and RSM models. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN), and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to develop an approach for assessing the Cr(VI) adsorption from wastewater using cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Initial pH of 6, contact time of 100 min, initial Cr(VI) concentration of 175 mg/L, sorbent dose of 6 mg, and adsorption capacity of 350.23 mg/g were the optimal condition. The Cr(VI) adsorption mechanism was described via four mechanistic models (film diffusion, Weber and Morris, Bangham, and Dumwald-Wagner models), with correlation values of 0.997, 0.990, and 0.989 for ANFIS, ANN, and RSM, respectively, and predicted the adsorption of the Cr(VI) with incredible accuracy. Statistical error tasks were additionally applied to relate the adequacy of the models. Using the central composite design (CCD), the significance of operating factors such as time, adsorbent dose, pH, and initial Cr(VI) concentration was investigated. The same concept was used to create a training set for ANN where the Levenberg–Marquardt, variable learning rate, and Polak Ribiere conjugate algorithms were used. Further statistical indices supported ANFIS as the best prediction model for adsorption compared to ANN and RSM. The efficient algorithm was used to optimize the process, which resulted in a 350 mg/g adsorption capacity. Film diffusion was identified as the rate-limiting process via mechanistic modeling.
Supplementary UV-A and UV-B radiation differentially regulate morphology in Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Qian Minjie , Kalbina Irina , Rosenqvist Eva , Jansen Marcel A. K. , Strid Åke
Published: June 2023

UV-A- or UV-B-enriched growth light was given to basil plants at non-stress-inducing intensities. UV-A-enriched growth light gave rise to a sharp rise in the expression of PAL and CHS genes in leaves, an effect that rapidly declined after 1–2 days of exposure. On the other hand, leaves of plants grown in UV-B-enriched light had a more stable and long-lasting increase in the expression of these genes and also showed a stronger increase in leaf epidermal flavonol content. UV supplementation of growth light also led to shorter more compact plants with a stronger UV effect the younger the tissue. The effect was more prominent in plants grown under UV-B-enriched light than in those grown under UV-A. Parameters particularly affected were internode lengths, petiole lengths and stem stiffness. In fact, the bending angle of the 2nd internode was found to increase as much as 67% and 162% for plants grown in the UV-A- and UV-B-enriched treatments, respectively. The decreased stem stiffness was probably caused by both an observed smaller internode diameter and a lower specific stem weight, as well as a possible decline in lignin biosynthesis due to competition for precursors by the increased flavonoid biosynthesis. Overall, at the intensities used, UV-B wavelengths are stronger regulators of morphology, gene expression and flavonoid biosynthesis than UV-A wavelengths.

Graphical abstract
Challenges and strategies for recruitment of minorities to clinical research and trials
Authors: Fisher-Hoch Susan P. , Below Jennifer E. , North Kari E. , McCormick Joseph B.
Published: June 2023

Minority populations are largely absent from clinical research trials. The neglect of these populations has become increasingly apparent, with escalating cancer burdens and chronic disease. The challenges to recruitment of minorities in the United States are multiple including trust or lack thereof. Keys to successful recruitment are responding to community issues, its history, beliefs, and its social and economic pressures. The strategy we have used in many low-income, sometimes remote, communities is to recruit staff from the same community and train them in the required basic research methods. They are the first line of communication. After our arrival in the Texas Rio Grande Valley in 2001, we applied these principles learned over years of global research, to studies of chronic diseases. Beginning in 2004, we recruited and trained a team of local women who enrolled in a cohort of over five thousand Mexican Americans from randomly selected households. This cohort is being followed, and the team has remained, acquiring not only advanced skills (ultrasound, FibroScan, retinal photos, measures of cognition, etc.) but capacity to derive key health information. Currently, we are participating in multiple funded studies, including an NIH clinical trial, liver disease, obesity, and diabetes using multiomics aimed at developing precision medicine approaches to chronic disease prevention and treatment.
Automorphisms of -free and other Toeplitz shifts
Authors: DYMEK AURELIA , KASJAN STANISŁAW , KELLER GERHARD
Published: June 2023

We present sufficient conditions for the triviality of the automorphism group of regular Toeplitz subshifts and give a broad class of examples from the class of
${\mathcal B}$
-free subshifts satisfying them, extending the work of Dymek [Automorphisms of Toeplitz
${\mathcal B}$
-free systems. Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Math.65(2) (2017), 139–152]. Additionally, we provide an example of a
${\mathcal B}$
-free Toeplitz subshift whose automorphism group has elements of arbitrarily large finite order, answering Question 11 of S. Ferenczi et al [Sarnak’s conjecture: what’s new. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems in their Interactions with Arithmetics and Combinatorics (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 2213). Eds. S. Ferenczi, J. Kułaga-Przymus and M. Lemańczyk. Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 163–235].
On The Host in the Modern World
Authors: Alonso Antonio
Published: June 2023

This article traces the contemporary history of the eucharistic host, arguing that the materiality of modern Catholicism offers a distinct set of insights into the ways in which the Catholic Church has negotiated, resisted, and accommodated the modern world. Drawing on archival work, writings from a range of early twentieth-century Catholic journals, and advertising campaigns for altar bread, I show how shifting theological convictions about the Eucharist transformed both the form of altar bread as well as how and by whom it was made. Long before the Second Vatican Council, efforts to increase lay reception of communion as a strategy to mobilize Catholics against modernity had the effect of increasing demand for the bread on which it depended. After the Council, new convictions about the need for more intelligible liturgical symbols were accompanied by demands for a new kind of bread. Taken together, I argue that these factors unwittingly contributed to the creation of a new economy of host production. While the relationship between the church and the modern world remains one of the most enduring tensions in modern Catholicism in the wake of Vatican II, I show how both before and after the Council, the Catholic Church was deeply enmeshed in and dependent upon that world to achieve its ends.
Associations of alcohol and cannabis use with change in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms over time in recently trauma-exposed individuals
Authors: Hinojosa Cecilia A. , Liew Amanda , An Xinming , Stevens Jennifer S. , Basu Archana , van Rooij Sanne J. H. , House Stacey L. , Beaudoin Francesca L. , Zeng Donglin , Neylan Thomas C. , Clifford Gari D. , Jovanovic Tanja , Linnstaedt Sarah D. , Germine Laura T. , Rauch Scott L. , Haran John P. , Storrow Alan B. , Lewandowski Christopher , Musey Paul I. , Hendry Phyllis L. , Sheikh Sophia , Jones Christopher W. , Punches Brittany E. , Kurz Michael C. , Swor Robert A. , Hudak Lauren A. , Pascual Jose L. , Seamon Mark J. , Datner Elizabeth M. , Chang Anna M. , Pearson Claire , Peak David A. , Merchant Roland C. , Domeier Robert M. , Rathlev Niels K. , Sergot Paulina , Sanchez Leon D. , Bruce Steven E. , Miller Mark W. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Joormann Jutta , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Sheridan John F. , Harte Steven E. , Elliott James M. , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , McLean Samuel A. , Ressler Kerry J. , Fani Negar
Published: June 2023

Background

Several hypotheses may explain the association between substance use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. However, few studies have utilized a large multisite dataset to understand this complex relationship. Our study assessed the relationship between alcohol and cannabis use trajectories and PTSD and depression symptoms across 3 months in recently trauma-exposed civilians.

Methods

In total, 1618 (1037 female) participants provided self-report data on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use and PTSD and depression symptoms during their emergency department (baseline) visit. We reassessed participant's substance use and clinical symptoms 2, 8, and 12 weeks posttrauma. Latent class mixture modeling determined alcohol and cannabis use trajectories in the sample. Changes in PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed across alcohol and cannabis use trajectories via a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Three trajectory classes (low, high, increasing use) provided the best model fit for alcohol and cannabis use. The low alcohol use class exhibited lower PTSD symptoms at baseline than the high use class; the low cannabis use class exhibited lower PTSD and depression symptoms at baseline than the high and increasing use classes; these symptoms greatly increased at week 8 and declined at week 12. Participants who already use alcohol and cannabis exhibited greater PTSD and depression symptoms at baseline that increased at week 8 with a decrease in symptoms at week 12.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that alcohol and cannabis use trajectories are associated with the intensity of posttrauma psychopathology. These findings could potentially inform the timing of therapeutic strategies.
In memoriam: Professor Abraham Rudolph (1924– April 9, 2023) - a tribute
Authors: Silverman Norman H. , Teitel David F.
Published: June 2023

Dr Abraham Rudolph, one of the foremost leaders in Pediatric Cardiology, passed away on April 9, 2023, aged 99. His entire career was marked by imagination, creativity, and a devotion to the care of children with heart disease. He will be sorely missed by the many who knew him personally and the countless physicians whose understanding of their specialty was enhanced by his discoveries and teachings.
Situs inversus with dextrocardia and transposition of great arteries
Authors: Emral Hicran Gül , Kamali Hacer , Guzeltas Alper , Haydin Sertac
Published: June 2023

Transposition of the great arteries with left ventricle outflow tract obstruction in combination with situs inversus totalis and dextrocardia is a very rare anomaly and carries high morbidity and mortality. Only few cases have been reported with this anomaly. We describe a 21-day of infant girl with transposition of the great arteries and mirror image dextrocardia and pulmonary stenosis who underwent successful neonatal arterial switch operation and left ventricle outflow tract obstruction resection following PDA stent implantation
THE DIAGONAL CYCLE EULER SYSTEM FOR
Authors: Alonso Raúl , Castella Francesc , Rivero Óscar
Published: June 2023

We construct an anticyclotomic Euler system for the Rankin–Selberg convolutions of two modular forms, usingp-adic families of generalised Gross–Kudla–Schoen diagonal cycles. As applications of this construction, we prove new results on the Bloch–Kato conjecture in analytic ranks zero and one, and a divisibility towards an Iwasawa main conjecture.
Alcohol and Nicotine Consumption during Pregnancy
Authors: Römer Pia , Kemmerich Robin , Petermann Franz , Mathes Birgit , Zierul Claudia
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Aims: The consumption of alcohol and nicotine during pregnancy relate to a multitude of personal and socioeconomic factors. Since even the consumption in non-clinical populations pose a health risk to children, epidemiologic data related to factors potentially contributing to an increase in consumption during pregnancy were investigated. Methodology: Cross-sectional analyses were based on interview data from 260 pregnant women taking part in a longitudinal intervention project (Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Child Development). Women had a below-average family income, a migration background, or faced other social and cultural challenges. Descriptive statistics were calculated to determine consumption prevalence. Logistic regression models were conducted to estimate associations of alcohol or nicotine consumption with personal and socioeconomic factors. Results: Of the total sample (mean age: 31.1 years), 45 % consumed alcohol and/or nicotine during pregnancy. 92.3 % quit drinking and 62.8 % stopped smoking following confirmation of pregnancy. Better social support and higher age increased the likelihood of alcohol consumption, while this was decreased by an Islamic cultural background. Smoking was predicted by a lower level of education. Unplanned pregnancies predicted the consumption of both, alcohol and nicotine. Conclusions: A multitude of factors influence alcohol and nicotine consumption in non-clinical populations. Preventive strategies should include pre-pregnancy stages and health information needs to mirror factors contributing to consumption.
How Sensory Processing Sensitivity Shapes Employee Reactions to Core Job Characteristics
Authors: Vieregge Jaqueline , Sutter Christine , Sülzenbrück Sandra
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait characterized by a high sensitivity to sensory stimuli ( Aron & Aron, 1997 ). On the basis of environmental sensitivity theory ( Pluess & Boniwell, 2015 ) as well as the job characteristics model ( Hackman & Oldham, 1976 ), we investigated the moderating impact of SPS (HSP Scale; Aron & Aron, 1997 ; Konrad & Herzberg, 2019 ) on the relationship between job characteristics (Work Design Questionnaire; Morgeson & Humphrey, 2006 ; Stegmann et al., 2010 ) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB Scale; Podsakoff et al., 1990 ). The results of our two-wave survey study with 199 employees from a broad range of industries and students indicate that SPS strengthens the relationship between feedback as well as task significance and OCB, but SPS weakens the relationship between autonomy (work methods) as well as task variety and OCB.
Adolescents’ Online Communication and Self-Disclosure to	Online and Offline Acquaintances
Authors: Mýlek Vojtěch , Dedkova Lenka , Schouten Alexander P.
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Adolescents commonly use the Internet to communicate with their acquaintances. This study examines how social anxiety and depressed moods influence adolescents’ online communication – both its frequency and the level of self-disclosure. We propose that these relationships are mediated by adolescents’ preference for online social interaction (POSI), which helps explain the mixed results of previous research. Moreover, since the communication patterns may differ based on communication partners, we differentiate between online and offline acquaintances. Using structural equation modeling, we tested our hypotheses on survey data from 1,530 Czech adolescents (ages 13–18, 50.1% female). Our results suggest that while social anxiety is directly related to less online communication, indirectly, through higher POSI, it is related to more online communication. Notably, these associations are canceled out in communication with online acquaintances, but the inhibitions predominate in communication with offline acquaintances. Experiencing depressed moods is associated with more extensive online communication, both directly and via POSI, indicating that adolescents use online communication to cope with negative feelings. Theoretically, our findings support both the rich-get-richer and social-compensation hypotheses and suggest they are complementary. Moreover, they emphasize the role of adolescents’ perceptions of online communication within the social-compensation mechanism.