bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of input data complexity on the uncertainty in
simulated streamflow in a humid, mountainous watershed
Authors: Hoang Linh , Mukundan Rajith , Moore Karen E. B. , Owens Emmet M. , Steenhuis Tammo S.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Uncertainty in hydrological and water quality modelling is of significant concern due to its effects on prediction and subsequent application in watershed management. Similar to other distributed hydrological models, model uncertainty is an issue in applying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Previous research has shown how SWAT predictions are affected by uncertainty in parameter estimation and input data resolution. Nevertheless, little information is available on how parameter uncertainty and output uncertainty are affected by input data of varying complexity. In this study, SWAT-Hillslope (SWAT-HS), a modified version of SWAT capable of predicting saturation excess runoff was applied to assess the effects of input data with varying degrees of complexity on parameter uncertainty and output uncertainty. Four digital elevation model (DEM) resolutions (1, 3, 10 and 30 m) were tested for their ability to predict streamflow and saturated areas. In a second analysis, three soil maps and three land use maps were used to build nine SWAT-HS setups from simple to complex (fewer to more soil types/ land use classes), which were then compared to study the effect of input data complexity on model prediction/output uncertainty. The case study was the Town Brook watershed in the upper reaches of the West Branch Delaware River in the Catskill Region, New York, USA. Results show that DEM resolution did not impact parameter uncertainty or affect the simulation of streamflow at the watershed outlet but significantly affected the spatial pattern of saturated areas, with 10 m being the most appropriate grid size to use for our application. The comparison of nine model setups revealed that input data complexity did not affect parameter uncertainty. Model setups using intermediate soil/land use specifications were slightly better than the ones using simple information, while the most complex setup did not show any improvement from the intermediate ones. We conclude that increasing spatial input details may not necessarily improve model performance or reduce parameter and output uncertainty, but using multiple temporal and spatial observations can aid in finding the appropriate parameter sets and in reducing prediction/output uncertainty.
Deeply subducted continental fragments – Part 1: Fracturing, dissolution–precipitation, and diffusion processes recorded by garnet textures of the central Sesia Zone (western Italian Alps)
Authors: Giuntoli Francesco , Lanari Pierre , Engi Martin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Contiguous continental high-pressure terranes in orogens offer insight into deep recycling and transformation processes that occur in subduction zones. These remain poorly understood, and currently debated ideas need testing. The approach we chose is to investigate, in detail, the record in suitable rock samples that preserve textures and robust mineral assemblages that withstood overprinting during exhumation. We document complex garnet zoning in eclogitic mica schists from the Sesia Zone (western Italian Alps). These retain evidence of two orogenic cycles and provide detailed insight into resorption, growth, and diffusion processes induced by fluid pulses in high-pressure conditions. We analysed local textures and garnet compositional patterns, which turned out remarkably complex. By combining these with thermodynamic modelling, we could unravel and quantify repeated fluid–rock interaction processes. Garnet shows low-Ca porphyroclastic cores that were stable under (Permian) granulite facies conditions. The series of rims that surround these cores provide insight into the subsequent evolution: the first garnet rim that surrounds the pre-Alpine granulite facies core in one sample indicates that pre-Alpine amphibolite facies metamorphism followed the granulite facies event. In all samples documented, cores show lobate edges and preserve inner fractures, which are sealed by high-Ca garnet that reflects high-pressure Alpine conditions. These observations suggest that during early stages of subduction, before hydration of the granulites, brittle failure of garnet occurred, indicating high strain rates that may be due to seismic failure. Several Alpine rims show conspicuous textures indicative of interaction with hydrous fluid: (a) resorption-dominated textures produced lobate edges, at the expense of the outer part of the granulite core; (b) peninsulas and atoll garnet are the result of replacement reactions; and (c) spatially limited resorption and enhanced transport of elements due to the fluid phase are evident along brittle fractures and in their immediate proximity. Thermodynamic modelling shows that all of these Alpine rims formed under eclogite facies conditions. Structurally controlled samples allow these fluid–garnet interaction phenomena to be traced across a portion of the Sesia Zone, with a general decrease in fluid–garnet interaction observed towards the external, structurally lower parts of the terrane. Replacement of the Permian HT assemblages by hydrate-rich Alpine assemblages can reach nearly 100 % of the rock volume. Since we found no clear relationship between discrete deformation structures (e.g. shear zones) observed in the field and the fluid pulses that triggered the transformation to eclogite facies assemblages, we conclude that disperse fluid flow was responsible for the hydration.
Mechanisms influencing seasonal to inter-annual prediction skill of sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean in MIROC
Authors: Ono Jun , Tatebe Hiroaki , Komuro Yoshiki , Nodzu Masato I. , Ishii Masayoshi
Published: February 2018

Abstract. To assess the skill of seasonal to inter-annual
predictions of the detrended sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean (SIEAO)
and to clarify the underlying physical processes, we conducted ensemble
hindcasts, started on 1 January, 1 April, 1 July and 1 October for
each year from 1980 to 2011, for lead times up to three years, using the
Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) version 5
initialised with the observed atmosphere and ocean anomalies and sea ice
concentration. Significant skill is found for the winter months: the
December SIEAO can be predicted up to 11 months ahead (anomaly
correlation coefficient is 0.42). This skill might be attributed to the
subsurface ocean heat content originating in the North Atlantic. A plausible
mechanism is as follows: the subsurface water flows into the Barents Sea
from spring to fall and emerges at the surface in winter by vertical mixing,
and eventually affects the sea ice variability there. Meanwhile, the
September SIEAO predictions are skillful for lead times of up to
two months, due to the persistence of sea ice in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East
Siberian seas initialised in July, as suggested by previous studies.
Childbearing and quality of life decisions for women in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shu-Ling , Jones Linda Katherine , Jackson Merv
Published: February 2018

Taiwan has one of the lowest birth rates in the world and is predicted to lead to zero population growth. This study aimed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the personal, social and cultural factors influencing Taiwanese women’s motherhood decision making.Semi structured interviews from first time mothers and theoretical sampling were applied to recruit participants from an antenatal clinic in a large metropolitan hospital from Taipei, Taiwan until data saturation was achieved with 34 women. A number of categories were identified from the data with this paper presenting only the category of “childbearing and the quality of life”. Under this category a number of factors were identified that contributed to the decision on whether to have children. This included the couple’s financial circumstances, existing pressure from living expenses, childbearing is costly and having children in a responsibility.Childbearing and quality of life was identified from the data as a crucial factor influencing participant’s decision making choices to have children. This was because women wanted to maintain a certain quality of life and needed to then ascertain how much this would be influenced by having children. It is becoming clear that economic development specifically related to materialistic values, has negatively influenced the value people place on having children. Encouraging a return to traditional Taiwanese values as well as orienting people away from materialistic values maybe a way to turn the fertility rate around.
Relações de subordinação em repúblicas universitárias de Ouro Preto
Authors: Maranhão Carolina Macha do Saraiva de Albuquerque , Fernandes Talita Almeida , Colares André Felipe Vieira
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, à luz das contribuições se Georg Simmel, como as repúblicas universitárias na cidade de Ouro Preto se organizam a partir das relações de poder e subordinação entre os alunos calouros e os alunos veteranos. Tradicionalmente denominados por “bixos”, em Ouro Preto, os calouros passam por “batalhas” para serem aceitos em repúblicas, tanto particulares quanto federais. O processo de coleta de dados deu-se por meio da triangulação das seguintes técnicas: entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com quatorze acadêmicos de repúblicas federais, na cidade de Ouro Preto; observação não participante e análise documental. Os dados coletados foram tratados com base na técnica de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). O que se observa é que, diferentemente das organizações empresariais, as relações de subordinação (e poder) não se fazem tão descompensadas – talvez, pelo fluxo constante das repúblicas e a rotatividade de seus membros.
Teorias sociológicas sobre a criminalidade: análise comparativa de três teorias complementares
Authors: De Lima Jair Araújo
Published: February 2018

O artigo faz uma análise comparativa de três teorias sociológicas sobre a criminalidade: a Teoria da Associação Diferencial (ou Aprendizagem Social) de Edwin H. Sutherland, a Teoria do Autocontrole de Michael R. Gottfredson e Travis Rirch e a Teoria da Anomia (strain) de Robert K. Merton. A nossa análise acaba por demonstrar que estas três teorias podem ser compreendidas como convergentes e complementares. Concluímos apontando que, entre tantas teorias sociológicas do crime, estas três podem ser utilizadas para a análise sociológica, de maneira que uma venha preencher adequadamente as lacunas da outra. A sociologia do crime está bem servida de teorias que tentam explicar – cada uma com pretensões de exaustividade – o fenômeno do crime. Assim, postulamos (neste texto) que podemos (e devemos) fazer um uso combinado de teorias (sobre o crime) que se complementem e venha a explicar os fenômenos do crime em suas constitutivas transversalidade.
Democracia e Ética profissional: a aproximação do debate da democracia e a esquerda brasileira nos anos de 1980 e 1990
Authors: Ortiz Fátima Grave
Published: February 2018

O artigo propõe resgatar o debate sobre o tema da democracia como caminho possível para o socialismo realizado por intelectuais da esquerda brasileira nos anos de 1980 e 1990, apontando a importância deste polêmico debate para a designação da democracia como princípio ético-político do atual código de ética profissional.
The Interrelations among Self-efficacy, Happiness, Individual Values, and Attractiveness Promoting Behavior
Authors: Aumeboonsuke Vesarach
Published: February 2018

The paper aims to investigate the associations among self-efficacy, happiness, individual values and attractiveness promoting behavior. The impact of self-efficacy and happiness on individual values and attractiveness promoting behavior is analyzed through the partial least squared structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings provide important implications that both self-efficacy and happiness are important in one’s life but they play different and independent roles. The results found that individual values and attractiveness promoting behavior are independent and they have no significant association with each other. In essence, there is no one perfect solution for all quests. In order for an individual to attain higher level of individual values, psychological and mental factor like happiness should be paid much more attention than perceived ability like self-efficacy. However, self-efficacy is the key factor for an individual to engage oneself in behavior that promote his/her attractiveness.
E-Service Quality and Perceived Value as Predictors of Customer Loyalty towards Online Supermarkets
Authors: Minimol M. C.
Published: February 2018

Service quality is progressively acknowledged as a significant characteristic of electronic commerce. As online comparison of the technical features of products is largely costless, viable, and easier than comparison of merchandises through traditional networks, service quality is perceived as the strategic element of customer loyalty in electronic commerce spectrum. A conceptual model explaining the relationship among e‐service quality dimensions, customer’s perceived value and loyalty towards online super markets is proposed and discussed in the present study. The research design adopted for the current study was descriptive in nature. The research approach followed was field study, by administering a structured questionnaire. Online survey method was adopted for data collection, so the data source is online shoppers in India. The study pinpointed that the four aspects of e‐service quality, namely, fulfilment, system availability, efficiency, and privacy positively influence the perceived value. It also disclosed that perceived value positively contributed to customer loyalty. The study results brought about the catalytic role of e-service quality and perceived value in online shopping framework.  While designing websites of online supermarkets, the four pillars of electronic service quality needs to be focused on, considering their potential to promote customer loyalty to the store.
The Ambiguity in Turandot: An Orientalist Perspective
Authors: Yu Hong
Published: February 2018

The paper analyzes the Orientalization of the characters in Puccini’s seminal opera Turandot to prove that the Europeans’ perception formation of Asians is a process of “Orientalizing the Orient”. Two heroines, Turandot and Liu, suit the two polar extremes of the Asian women stereotypes in the West, dragon lady and Butterfly. Imperious and malicious Turandot and submissive and self-sacrificing Liu are simplified and generalized representations made by Europeans to meet their imaginations. Furthermore, Turandot and Calaf represent the national stereotypes of China and the West respectively. The refugee Prince appears to conquer the uncivilized land controlled by Turandot, a reflection of Western masculine superiority versus Asian feminine inferiority. To reduce the Orientalism associated with the opera, Chinese artists have been endeavoring to authenticate Turandot, yet this Western creation, due to her particular Orientalized characteristics, remains her ambiguity.
In-service Training as a Factor in the Formation of the Teacher’s Individual Theory of Education
Authors: Sakkoulis Dimitris P. , Asimaki Anna , Vergidis Dimitris K.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the prevailing forms of in-service training, the detection of the dominant pedagogical discourse they promote as well as their contribution to the shaping of the teacher’s individual theory of education (I.T.E.). The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with a sample of 11 teachers who work in schools in Patras and the data were analysed using B. Bernstein’s theoretical framework. The results of the research revealed that in our case, the predominant form of in-service training is the lecture, while the scientific knowledge provided refers to the content and teaching of cognitive subjects, the diagnosis and handling of learning difficulties and the acquisition of skills in the use of teaching aids. It also became clear that the I.T.E. of the teachers who participated in the research is chiefly shaped by elements of the professional biography of each teacher, in which in-service training does not seem to hold a dominant position.
The Effectiveness of Using Brainstorming Strategy in the Development of Academic Achievement of Sixth Grade Students in English Grammar at Public Schools in Jordan
Authors: Malkawi Nibal Abdelkarim Mousa , Smadi Mona
Published: February 2018

The study aims to identify the effect of using brainstorming method in the teaching of English grammar; to improve the level of sixth grade students in English grammar at public schools in Jordan. The study population consisted of all sixth grade students of both sexes. The sample of the study was chosen in the random stratified manner, represented in four schools: two for males and two for females, which were divided into two groups (experimental and control). The results showed that there were significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) in the achievement test in the English grammar, in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed significant differences between males and females in the achievement test in favor of the females. One of the most prominent recommendations was to refer to those concerned with educational guidance, and school administrations to give priority to the issue of the weakness of students in English grammar by focusing on the use of modern methods of teaching, including the method of brainstorming.This study deals with a vital subject concerns those interested in the educational process, especially in the field of teaching English, where the study sheds light on the method of brainstorming and how to benefit from it to narrow the gap resulting from traditional practices in the teaching of English grammar, in order to reach objective results that reflect the pedagogical and educational reality regarding the level of students' achievement in the English grammar.
Hybrid Communication Strategies and Tools as a Strategic Lever to Improve Supply Chain performance
Authors: Qatawneh Hanan
Published: February 2018

In this highly volatile global economy, organizations need to deploy various levers to improve supply chain performance. Supply chain needs to be responsive and agile to changing market conditions. The objective of the supply chain is to have the right products and services in the right quantities, at the right place, at the right moment, produced with minimal cost with the required quality level. To facilitate that, communication is considered one of the key levers to its success. While traditional communication approaches improved supply chain performance, in this dynamic environment there are still significant gaps and few opportunities to innovate the communication process within the whole supply chain. The purpose of this article is to explore how organizations can improve the performance of the communication process within the whole supply chain through the application of hybrid strategies and tools. The research methodology was qualitative exploratory in nature to confirm the relevance of the research question, and to explore through extensive literature review different strategies and tools to be applied to improve communication in supply chain.Supply chain managers can potentially benefit from this research, this study contributes to communication process in the supply chain by going beyond the benefits and problems of communication process that occur in day-to-day operational communications. It adds a new perspective to fit the flexibility and agility exist in the market place by proposing the use of hybrid strategies and tools to improve connectivity, information exchange, knowledge sharing and relationship alignment in the networked supply chain.
The Impact of Governance Mechanism of Financial Listed Companies on the Pay and the Pay-Performance Sensitivity of Executives
Authors: Feng Liu
Published: February 2018

The corporate governance mechanism is very important to solve the principal-agent problem effectively. Based on the particularity of the financial industry, this paper uses the panel data of 45 listed companies in China's financial industry from 2007 to 2015, the empirical results show that the degree of ownership concentration, the duality of CEO and chairman of the board and the independent directors proportion have a significant negative impact on executive pay, and the size of the board of supervisors has no marked impact on executive pay. The degree of ownership concentration has a significant positive impact on the pay-performance sensitivity, and the duality of CEO and chairman of the board, the independent directors proportion and the size of the board of supervisors have a significant negative impact on the pay-performance sensitivity. For the listed companies in the financial sector, they should pay attention to the executive pay disclosure system, the board of supervisors governance mechanism and the independent director system. We can use the degree of ownership concentration to improve the pay-performance sensitivity, and make corporate governance more effective.
A Scorecard to Detect Financial Leverage Profitability
Authors: Broccardo Laura , Tibiletti Luisa , Vilpas Pertti
Published: February 2018

This study investigates how balancing internal and external financing sources can create economic value. We set a financial scorecard, consisting of the Cost of Debt (COD), Return on Investment (ROI), and the Cost of Equity (COE). We show that COE should be a cap for COD and a floor for ROI in order to increase the Net Present Value at Weighted Average Cost of Capital and the Adjusted Present Value of the levered investment. However, leverage should be carefully monitored if COD and ROI go off the grid. Situations where leverage has the opposite effect on value creation and the Equity Internal Rate of Return are also discussed. Illustrative examples are given. The proposed model aims to help corporate management in financial decisions.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 13 No. 3
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: February 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 13 No. 3, 2018
Resistance to Change Processes and Strategies for the Implementation of Harmonization Reforms: The Separation of the Health Care Expenditure in the Regional Financial Statements
Authors: Modarelli Giuseppe , Alessandro Migliavacca , Luigi Puddu , Giuseppe Modarelli
Published: February 2018

The Legislative Decree n. 118/2011, in setting the rules for the harmonization of the financial accounting of the local governments, represents a further progress for the accounting process also for the health care. In the specific case the article 20 defines a precise identification perimeter of revenue and expenditure related with National Health Service (NHS) by the regulations in the regional financial statements, in a way to make possible an immediate comparability between the Health Care incomes and expenditures in the Regional financial statement. The aim of this paper, always referred to the Rational Management based on financial statement, focuses the attention on the possible correlation between organizational responses to institutional pressure and the theoretical roles of accounting, tracing lines of best practices compliance or not on the sample above explained.
An Empirical Study of Tourist Hotels: Difference Analysis between International Tourist Hotel and Standard Tourist Hotel in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jui-Lung
Published: February 2018

Based on the data from the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan (2017), this study investigated Taiwan's tourist hotels for the research period from 2014 to 2017. The differences between international tourist hotel and standard tourist hotel in the number of rooms, number of rooms occupied, occupancy rate, revenue, and number of employees are compared, and these items' impacts on hotel revenue are explored. This study expects to provide the hotel industry and the relevant government entities through the research results with the specific reference for their operation.
Uncertainty in Entrepreneurship and Management Studies: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Magnani Giovanna , Zucchella Antonella
Published: February 2018

Despite the crucial role of uncertainty in entrepreneurship and management studies, the characteristics of uncertainty, its relationship with risk, and the sources of uncertainty affecting firms’ activities still require investigation. Extant literature lacks systematization, and concepts like risk and uncertainty are interchangeably used. The issue of uncertainty is present in very different fields of research but with different nuances and sometimes conflicting approaches. This work contextualises the concept of uncertainty in strategic management and entrepreneurship, because in both fields actors make decisions impacting on the survival and long run performance of their organisations. These decisions take place in a context shrouded in either high risk or uncertainty. We systematically analyse 96 papers and 28 books, and purposely integrate the economics, entrepreneurship, and organizational perspectives into our review. We contribute to extant knowledge by systematizing the literature about uncertainty. Firstly, we disentangle its construct from the construct of risk. Secondly, we reveal its complex nature, as a context at the interface between the external and the internal environment. Finally, we link this conceptualisation of uncertainty to the formation of opportunities in the processes of strategic management and entrepreneurship.
Predictors of Pro-Environmental Behavior: A Comparison of University Students in the United States and China
Authors: Onokala Uchechi , Banwo Adeleke O. , Okeowo Florence O.
Published: February 2018

Understanding and managing University student’s environmental and sustainable behavior is critical to reducing global environmental problems and influencing pro-environmental behaviors. Survey data obtained from University students in different cities in the United States (n = 75) and Chinese Students in Jiangsu Province, China (n = 109) were investigated and analyzed to identify major predictors of pro-environmental behaviors using the Comprehensive Action Determination Model. The results confirmed multiple factors such as Social norms, Intention to Act, Information Need and Situational factors significantly influence and shape the nature of pro-environmental behavior in the US and sets of Social norms, Intention to act, Environmental awareness, Information need and Situational factor in China. These findings are in consonance with the tenets of theory of planned behavior, norm activation theory; though the loading and effects differ in their local environment. University students in US showed higher level of pro-environmental behavior despite their individualistic society compared to Chinese students in China. The findings confirms the complexity of human behavior through the robustness of the comprehensive action determination model by showing that using unitary construct to predict environmental behavior is context specific and using different combinations of predictor variables exert significant influences in different local environments.
The North and South Divide in the Practice and Application of International Law: A Humanitarian and Human Right Law Perspective
Authors: Kwarteng Abdul Hamid , Botchway Thomas Prehi
Published: February 2018

The North and South divide in the practice and application of international laws have been previously perceived to be evident in international environmental law where the Global developed North countries on the one hand advocate for a collective action to protect the environment while the Global developing Southern countries, on the other hand, argue for social and economic justice in practice. However, in recent times the North and South divide has permeated other aspects of international law such as International Human right and International Humanitarian law (IHL), hence the essence of this article. Thus, this article contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence to the existence of the North and South divide in the application of IHL and human right law.The article is divided into four main parts. The first part gives an introduction to the North and South divide in the application of international law. The second part reviews the literature on the existence of North and South divide in the application of international environmental laws. The third part gives a new dimension to the North and South divide in the application of international humanitarian and human right laws with the Syrian Crisis, Malaysian Airline flight MH17 and the 2007 draft resolution on the peace and security of Myanmar as the case studies. The last part concludes by giving an overview of how this phenomenon threatens world peace and consequently offers some recommendations.
Cuando la marca ofrece entretenimiento: aproximación al concepto de advertainment
Authors: Ramos Marina
Published: February 2018

La crisis de los medios masivos, la saturación  del mercado pu­blicitario  y el nuevo  consumidor han dado como resultado nuevas formas de relación entre  las marcas y su público  objetivo.  Entre  ellas  destaca el advertainment o branded content ljÚ'e hace referencia a la unión de dos con­ ceptos: publicidad  y entretenimiento. Ahora el anunciante toma la iniciativa y se convierte en productor de contenidJs donde los valores de  marca estdn integrados. En este artículo seprofondiza"sobre esta técnica publicitaria  con el objetivo de establecer un marco teórico 'apropiado para su estudio.
El valor de la comunicación publicitaria en las entidades bancarias
Authors: Berenguel Fernández José Antonio
Published: February 2018

El siguiente artículo trata de explicar cuál es el valor real de la comuniacción en las entidades bancarias. Parte de la base de las particularidades del mercado bancario actual y explica cuáles son las espcifididades derivadas del producto y de la oferta financiera, de su evolución en los últimos años, del tipo de consumidor/usuario de estos productos y serviciós y de la comunicación necesaria para conseguir los objetivos corporaticos y de marketing. Por último se analiza un caso concreto, la hipoteca yougurt (ligera) de CajaSur; en el que se pone de manifiesto el valor de la comunicación publicitaria en las entidades bancarias.
Two new species of deep-water Calcigorgia gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk, with a review of distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Authors: Dautova Tatiana N.
Published: February 2018

This paper provides descriptions of Calcigorgia gorgonians collected from the Sea of Okhotsk and shores of the Kurile Islands between 3 Aug. 1984 and 20 Aug. 1987. New species described are the deep-water gorgonians Calcigorgia matua sp. nov. and C. simushiri sp. nov., belonging to the temperate fauna of the North Pacific hemisphere. Specimens belonging to all species of the genus were examined and the distinctive characters for each one are provided and summarized in a table. A modified diagnosis of the genus is proposed. The finding of a previously undescribed species emphasizes the need of further surveys, particularly in shelf and deeper waters, in order to improve our knowledge of this neglected fauna in Far East seas.
Eighth Edition Staging of Thoracic Malignancies: Implications for the Reporting Pathologist
Authors: Nicholson Andrew G. , Tsao Ming S. , Travis William D. , Patil Deepa T. , Galateau-Salle Francoise , Marino Mirella , Dacic Sanja , Beasley Mary Beth , Butnor Kelly J. , Yatabe Yasushi , Pass Harvey I. , Rusch Valerie W. , Detterbeck Frank C. , Asamura Hisao , Rice Thomas W. , Rami-Porta Ramon
Published: February 2018

Context

The Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, in conjunction with the International Mesothelioma Interest Group, the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, and the Worldwide Esophageal Cancer Collaboration, developed proposals for the 8th edition of their respective tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging classification systems.

Objective

To review these changes and discuss issues for the reporting pathologist.

Data Sources

Proposals were based on international databases of lung (N = 94 708), with an external validation using the US National Cancer Database; mesothelioma (N = 3519); thymic epithelial tumors (10 808); and epithelial cancers of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction (N = 22 654).

Conclusions

These proposals have been mostly accepted by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer and incorporated into their respective staging manuals (2017). The Union for International Cancer Control recommended implementation beginning in January 2017; however, the American Joint Committee on Cancer has deferred deployment of the eighth TNM until January 1, 2018, to ensure appropriate infrastructure for data collection. This manuscript summarizes the updated staging of thoracic malignancies, specifically highlighting changes from the 7th edition that are relevant to pathologic staging. Histopathologists should become familiar with, and start to incorporate, the 8th edition staging in their daily reporting of thoracic cancers henceforth.
‘Temporary Workers’, Temporary Fathers: Transnational Family Impacts of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
Authors: McLaughlin Janet , Wells Don , Mendiburo Aaraón Díaz , Lyn André , Vasilevska Biljana
Published: February 2018

Under Canada’sSeasonal Agricultural Worker Program(SAWP), migrant workers come to Canada for up to eight months each year, without their families, to work as temporary foreign workers in agriculture. Using a ‘whole worker’ industrial relations approach, which emphasizes intersections among work, family and community relations, this article assesses the impacts of these repeated separations on the wellbeing and cohesion of Mexican workers’ transnational families. The analysis is based primarily on 74 in-depth, semi-structured interviews that were conducted in Spanish with male workers, their spouses and children, and with the children’s teachers. Assessment criteria include effects on children’s health and educational success, children’s behaviour, mothers’ abilities to cope with added roles and work, and emotional relations among workers, children and spouses.

The study findings suggest that families are often negatively impacted by these repeated separations, with particular consequences for the mental and physical health of children. Children’s behavioural challenges often include poor school performance, involvement in crime, drug and alcohol abuse (especially among sons), and early pregnancies among daughters. As temporary ‘single moms,’ wives often have difficulty coping with extra functions and burdens, and lack of support when their husbands are working in Canada. Typically, there are profound emotional consequences for workers and, frequently, strained family relations. The article concludes by offering practical policy recommendations to lessen negative impacts on SAWP workers and their families, including higher remittances; improved access to labour rights and standards; and new options for family reunification.
Sexual Orientation Wage Gaps across Local Labour Market Contexts: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Denier Nicole , Waite Sean
Published: February 2018

Mounting evidence suggests that sexual orientation matters in the labour market. Research in Canada points to a wage hierarchy not only by gender, but also by sexual orientation, with heterosexual men out-earning gay men, lesbians, and heterosexual women. While previous work has considered how human capital characteristics, occupation and industry of employment, and family status factor into the creation of these earnings disparities, little research has examined how residential concentration in large metropolitan areas factors into the creation of sexual orientation pay gaps.

Drawing on the 2006 Census of Canada, this study investigates how sexual orientation wage gaps vary across geographic areas in Canada, documenting earnings disparities across the metropolitan/non-metropolitan divide as well as for Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. We also evaluate whether the mechanisms contributing to wage gaps diverge across these contexts, focusing on how pay gaps differ across occupations, points in the earnings distribution, and sectors of employment.

Our results show that pay gaps are highest in non-metropolitan Canada. The underlying components of wage gaps fluctuate across Canada, especially for gay men. Sexual orientation earnings penalties are reduced in public sector employment, even where private sector wage gaps are highest. These results suggest that local social and labour market contexts are associated with the earnings outcomes of sexual minorities.
Insertion professionnelle des immigrants qualifiés en technologies de l’information à Québec : À l’encontre des mythes, témoignages d’immigrants
Authors: Dioh Marie-Laure , Racine Michel
Published: February 2018

Alors que les flux migratoires massifs et illégaux font les manchettes en Europe, des pays tel le Canada misent davantage sur l’immigration qualifiée. L’insertion professionnelle en terres canadiennes, et plus spécifiquement au Québec, a intéressé bon nombre d’auteurs. Ces derniers soulignent les différentes difficultés que connaissent les immigrants sur ce plan, malgré les efforts constants des acteurs publics pour ajuster les politiques d’accueil et d’intégration.

Dans le secteur des technologies de l’information (TI) de la région de la Capitale-Nationale, la croissance économique, la rareté et le besoin croissant de main-d’oeuvre spécialisée incitent des employeurs, soutenus par des organismes régionaux, à recruter à l’international des travailleurs qualifiés. Une part importante des immigrants spécialisés en TI arrive donc à Québec par le biais de ce mécanisme et les intervenants du milieu soulignent leur bonne insertion en emploi. Cependant, il existe une catégorie d’immigrants formés en TI à l’étranger qui tentent, de leur côté, d’insérer le secteur. Ces derniers ne sont pas arrivés par le mode de recrutement habituel et ils passent donc sous le radar des statistiques régionales et sectorielles. Cette étude exploratoire dévoile leur existence et s’attarde à leurs conditions particulières d’insertion professionnelle.

L’article relève les obstacles rencontrés dans leurs démarches pour occuper un premier emploi en TI avec leurs compétences étrangères, des obstacles en lien avec leur faible maitrise des langues de travail, ou des lacunes dans les pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines des employeurs, et aussi à cause des différences dans les nomenclatures professionnelles. Les immigrants rencontrés mettent en place des stratégies de retour aux études et de déqualification qui vont s’avérer la porte d’entrée pour occuper leur premier emploi en TI. Toutefois, ces actions ne mènent pas souvent à une insertion optimale et satisfaisante et elles entrainent généralement une surqualification. L’analyse permet de comprendre que leurs profils généralistes seraient, en partie, à l’origine de ces obstacles parce que les besoins des employeurs dans la région sont, en fait, spécialisés.
Diversity patterns of rocky reef assemblages in the Baltic Sea: Interferences between natural and anthropogenic driver
Authors: Beisiegel Kolja , Darr Alexander , Gogina Mayya , Zettler Michael L
Published: February 2018

Anthropogenic pressure on marine coastal ecosystems is increasing and benthic habitats are particularly affected. Effective marine resource management is needed which rely largely on the knowledge of the distribution of critical species and habitats. Rocky reefs are such important habitats, hosting diverse macrobenthic assemblages, which in turn support higher-order consumers. For the brackish Baltic Sea, reefs are important to be included in MPA networks, since human impact is dramatic on the inland sea with a drainage basin including around 85 million people. However, detailed information on rocky reef macrobenthos beyond SCUBA depth is rarely available. To assess depth- (vertical) and geographical-related (horizontal) diversity patterns and drivers on a regional spatial scale, deep reefs in the southwestern Baltic Sea were sampled in 2016 and 2017 by means of photographic surveys using a towed camera platform. Analysis of high-res images revealed a significant changeover of species along the depth gradient (vertical variation). However, data indicate that horizontal variation along the salinity gradient is greater and accounts for dramatic changes in diversity within 200 km. Main human pressure represents eutrophication, acting mainly along the vertical axis by reduced light penetration depth and increased particulate matter concentration. Results point to the importance of considering deep coastal reefs in future MPA designs.
Size-dependent functional response of Xenopus laevis on mosquito larvae
Authors: Thorp Corey J , Alexander Mhairi E , Vonesh James R , Measey John
Published: February 2018

Predators can play an important role in regulating prey abundance and diversity, determining food web structure and function, and contributing to important ecosystem services, including the regulation of agricultural pests and disease vectors. Thus, the ability to predict predator impact on prey is an important goal in ecology. Often predators of the same species are assumed to be functionally equivalent, despite considerable individual variation in predator traits known to be important for shaping predator-prey interactions, like body size. This assumption may greatly oversimplify our understanding of within species functional diversity and undermine our ability to predict predator effects on prey. Here we examine the degree to which predator-prey interactions are functionally homogenous across a natural range of predator body size. Specifically, we quantify the size-dependence of the functional response of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) preying on mosquito larvae (Culex pipiens). Three size classes of predators, small (15-30mm snout-vent length), medium (50-60mm) and large (105-120mm), were presented with five densities of prey to determine functional response type and to estimate search efficiency and handling time parameters generated from the models. The results of mesocosm experiments show that functional response of X. laevis changed with size: small predators exhibited a Type II response, while medium and large predators exhibited Type III responses. Both functional response and behavioural data showed an inversely proportional relationship between predator attack rate and predator size. Small and medium predators had highest and lowest handling time respectively. That the functional response changed with the size of predator suggests that predators with overlapping cohorts may have a dynamic impact on prey populations. Therefore, predicting the functional response of a single size-matched predator in an experiment may be a misrepresentation of the predator’s potential impact on a prey population.
Informalidade, estabilidade e precaridade: uma análise sequencial das trajetórias profissionais ao longo das últimas décadas
Authors: Ramos Vasco
Published: February 2018

The issue of the unpredictability of occupational paths in the post-Fordist capitalist era has been widely discussed in contemporary sociology. Beginning with the second half of the 20th century, the article contextualises this debate in the Portuguese case. Mobilising the occupational trajectory concept, which it develops using a sequential analysis of the trajectories of three Portuguese age cohorts, it offers a path typology that articulates contractual formats and work. The results reveal a wide variety of trajectories and a segmentation of paths into different degrees of contractual vulnerability.
Resiliência: de uma noção "heróica" a um conceito sociológico
Authors: Estêvão Pedro , Calado Alexandre , Capucha Luís
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a specific sociological theoretical framework to the concept of resilience. To do so, we reviewed the main theoretical developments on resilience, focusing our attention on the development of a “heroic” perspective of resilience. We point out its several pitfalls, and counter it with a concept of resilience grounded on sociological theory and poverty studies, presenting a definition for resilience, the conditions and characteristics of this social phenomenon, as well as a model of operationalization based on two major dimensions: mobilization of resources and shifting of risks. With this innovative approach we also call for a sociological research agenda for resilience.
In search of a sociological explanation for the emotional turn
Authors: González Ana Marta
Published: February 2018

The overwhelming presence of the emotions both in science and contemporary social life begs for an explanation from the point of view of the same social theory. Even though the works of Hochschild, Scheff or Illouz contain indications that allow for a theoretical link between the contributions of the sociology of emotions and the theories of late modernity advanced by contemporary social theorists, this link has not yet been explicitly developed in the literature. The purpose of this article is to call attention on this link by highlighting the role of emotions as sites of social reflexivity.
A neural circuit for gamma-band coherence across the retinotopic map in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Hakim Richard , Shamardani Kiarash , Adesnik Hillel
Published: February 2018

Cortical gamma oscillations have been implicated in a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and circuit-level phenomena. However, the circuit mechanisms of gamma-band generation and synchronization across cortical space remain uncertain. Using optogenetic patterned illumination in acute brain slices of mouse visual cortex, we define a circuit composed of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells and somatostatin (SOM) interneurons that phase-locks ensembles across the retinotopic map. The network oscillations generated here emerge from non-periodic stimuli, and are stimulus size-dependent, coherent across cortical space, narrow band (30 Hz), and depend on SOM neuron but not parvalbumin (PV) neuron activity; similar to visually induced gamma oscillations observed in vivo. Gamma oscillations generated in separate cortical locations exhibited high coherence as far apart as 850 μm, and lateral gamma entrainment depended on SOM neuron activity. These data identify a circuit that is sufficient to mediate long-range gamma-band coherence in the primary visual cortex.