bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pakistani Khwajasira Struggle for Livable Life: Towards Defecting Masculinities and Womanness as Loss
Authors: Suhail Sarah , Pasha Kyla P.
Published: August 2024

Centering the experiences of two Khawajasira Gurus from Lahore, this article explores the dominant gender regime in present-day Punjabi life, where a heavily policed gender binary is ingrained and naturalized into a pervasive masculinism. Here, maleness is prized, dominant, and superior, and it comes with an unearned, ontological privilege; and womanness is constructed as a loss, a defect, and a weakness, and is attached to people who are constructed as available to be dominated, given, taken, and exchanged for the larger purposes of the status, wealth, and wellbeing of the cisgender heteropatriarchal family structure. This article theorizes that in this gender regime, when a male-assigned body tends to womanness, the gender regime reads that person’s masculinity as defective and their womanness as a loss. Khwajasiras respond to this regime with rebellion and defection, escaping to existing Khwajasira communites in search of safety, autonomy, and livable life. Examining the upbringing of two Khwajasiras, this article asks the questions: who is valuable in the Pakistani family and why, and what larger function does this valuation serve?
Childhood family environment and systemic haemodynamics in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: KÄhÖnen Erika , LehtimÄki Terho , Raitakari Olli T. , KÄhÖnen Mika , Hutri Nina , Keltikangas-JÄrvinen Liisa , Saarinen Aino
Published: August 2024

Aims:

Childhood family environment is associated with adulthood health behaviours and cardiovascular health, but limited data are available concerning the relationship between childhood family environment and adulthood haemodynamic determinants of blood pressure. We evaluated how childhood family environment predicts adulthood systemic haemodynamics.

Methods:

The sample came from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study ( n=1554–1620). Childhood family environment (1980) was assessed with four cumulative risk scores: socioeconomic family risk, risky emotional family atmosphere, stressful life events, and parents’ risky health behaviours. Haemodynamic outcomes in 2007 (participants being 30–45 year-olds) included stroke volume index, systemic vascular resistance index, cardiac output index and heart rate. Analyses were adjusted for childhood (1980) cardiovascular risk factors (high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, body mass index and systolic blood pressure); and adulthood (2007) health behaviours (alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity); and finally for adulthood cardiovascular risk factors.

Results:

When adjusted for age and sex, high socioeconomic family risk predicted lower stroke volume index ( P=0.001), higher heart rate ( P=0.001) and higher systemic vascular resistance index ( P=0.030). These associations remained after controlling for childhood cardiovascular covariates or adulthood health behaviours ( P⩽0.02 for all) but diluted after controlling for adulthood cardiovascular risk factors. The other childhood cumulative risk scores (stressful life events, risky emotional atmosphere, or parents’ risky health behaviour) did not predict adulthood haemodynamic outcomes.

Conclusions:

High childhood socioeconomic family risk predicted adulthood haemodynamic outcomes independently of childhood cardiovascular risk factors and adulthood health behaviours, while other childhood psychosocial adversities were not associated with cardiovascular function in adulthood.
Fixed-time integral sliding mode formation trajectory tracking control for multi-underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle in three-dimensional space
Authors: Zhang Kaihang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Honghan , Yang Yiming , Shi Yefan
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates a trajectory tracking control method for multi-underactuated underwater vehicle (AUV) formations with uncertain model parameters and external environmental disturbances. Firstly, a dual closed-loop fixed-time integral sliding mode controller is designed. By combining fixed-time theory and integral sliding mode control, this controller ensures the stability of the formation tracking and guarantees the convergence of the tracking error to zero within a fixed time duration. Secondly, an adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network controller is integrated with a conditional integrator to address uncertainties in model parameters, approximation errors, and external environmental disturbances in practical multi-AUV systems. This controller exhibits robustness and adaptivity. Additionally, a virtual leader strategy is employed to enhance the robustness of the formation system and prevent formation collapse caused by leader AUV failures. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed formation controller, demonstrating accurate trajectory tracking by the AUV formation.
A method for detection of delamination depth position within composite laminates based on 2D continuous wavelet transform and CNN
Authors: Huang Mingxuan , Xu Zhonghai , Hu Chunxing , Qiu Jiezheng , Yin Weilong , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a laminate mode shape curvature (MSC) analysis method combining 2D continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) and convolutional neural network (CNN) technologies to address the delamination damage detection in composite laminated plates. This method constructs a new network model based on the emerging CNN technology and achieves good results by detecting delamination damage through learning the MSC images processed by 2D-CWT. The train in this study is constructed by inserting randomly generated delamination with varying geometric sizes, depth positions, and geometric positions into a specified 16-layer carbon fiber-reinforced plastic finite-element model. In addition, the method of establishing the finite-element model has been verified by experiments, the error of the simulation frequency is less than 10%, and the mode shape is consistent. The results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the depth position of the delamination with a detection accuracy of 93.89% ± 2.74% using the comprehensive dataset. Compared with the Resnet-50 backbone network, the proposed network improves detection performance by 0.86%. This finding expands the range of tasks that can be accomplished by mode shape detection methods and has broad prospects for subsequent engineering applications.
Who Says You can’t go FAST at Night? Use of a Novel Ultrasound-Capable Night Vision Device for Prehospital Medical Personnel to Identify Noncompressible Truncal Hemorrhage
Authors: Williams James , Lammers Daniel T. , Francis Andrew D. , Prey Beau J. , Pumiglia Luke I. , Eckert Matthew J. , Liu Yang , Bingham Jason R. , McClellan John M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Early detection of abdominal hemorrhage via ultrasound has life-saving implications for military and civilian trauma. However, strict adherence to light discipline may prohibit the use of ultrasound devices in the deployed setting. Additionally, current night vision devices remain noncompatible with ultrasound technology. This study sought to assess an innovative night vision device with ultrasound capable picture-in-picture display via a intraabdominal hemorrhage model to identify noncompressible truncal hemorrhage in blackout conditions.

Methods

8 post mortem fetal porcine specimens were used and divided into 2 groups: intrabdominal hemorrhage (n = 4) vs no hemorrhage (n = 4). Intrabdominal hemorrhage was modeled via direct injection of 200 mL of normal saline into the peritoneal cavity. Under blackout conditions, 5 participants performed a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exam on each model using the prototype ultrasound-capable night vision device.

Results

Of the 40 FAST exams performed, 95% (N = 38) resulted in the correct identification of intraabdominal hemorrhage. Of the incorrectly identified exams, both were false positives resulting in a 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 91% positive predictive value, and a 100% negative predictive value. All participants noted the novel device was easy to use and provided superior visualization for performing FAST exams under blackout conditions.

Conclusion

The ultrasound-enabled night vision prototype demonstrated promising results in identifying noncompressible truncal hemorrhage while maintaining strict light discipline in blackout conditions. Further research efforts should be directed at assessing the ability of providers to perform procedures in blackout conditions using the ultrasound-enabled prototype night vision device.
The Evaluation Value of the Modified Lund-Kennedy Nasal Endoscopy Score on the Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zhang Yinglong , Jiang Hong , Long Yu , Li Jie
Published: August 2024

Objective

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a growing public health problem worldwide. Respecting the significance of the modified Lund-Kennedy (MLK) score in rhinitis assessment, we delved into its evaluation value on the sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) efficacy in AR patients.

Methods

Totally 100 AR patients were enrolled, with pre- and post-SLIT MLK score, total nasal symptoms score (TNSS), total medication score (TMS), visual analogue scale (VAS), inflammatory cytokines, and immune function-related parameters compared. The correlations of MLK score with TNSS/TMS/VAS, as well as with IL-4/INF-γ/eosinophil (EOS)/percentage/specific immunoglobulin (sIgE)/sIgG were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. The value of MLK score on assessing SLIT efficacy in AR patients was analyzed.

Results

SLIT treatment reduced MLK/TNSS/TMS/VAS scores, abated IL-4 level/EOS percentage/sIgE, and elevated INF-γ/sIgG levels. MLK score was positively correlated with pre- and post-SLIT TNSS score (rpre−treatment = 0.592, rpost−treatment = 0.756), TMS score (rpre−treatment = 0.385, rpost−treatment = 0.718), VAS score (rpre−treatment = 0.369, rpost−treatment = 0.704), IL-4 (rpre−treatment = 0.553, rpost−treatment = 0.639), EOS percentage (rpre−treatment = 0.511, rpost−treatment = 0.632), and sIgE (rpre−treatment = 0.472, rpost−treatment = 0.524), and negatively with INF-γ (rpre−treatment = −0.418, rpost−treatment = −0.578) and sIgG4 (rpre−treatment = −0.460, rpost−treatment = −0.613). The MLK score had an area under curve of 0.846 (77.01% sensitivity, 76.92% specificity, 4 cut-off value) and 0.944 (91.67% sensitivity, 92.11% specificity, 2 cut-off value) for assessing SLIT treatment as effective and markedly effective for the patients, respectively.

Conclusion

The MLK score had good evaluation value on the efficacy of SLIT treatment in AR patients.
Testicular mass with macrocalcification and osseous metaplasia: A case report
Authors: Pourjabali Masoumeh , Noushyar Masoumeh , Ghahramanpour Ali , Mansouri Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

Testicular calcification is caused by calcium deposits of the testis in men with controversial and unknown etiology. Calcifications with a size >3 mm are considered as macrocalcifications. Calcifications are the result of high local calcium concentrations in many tissues. Ultrasonography is the gold standard imaging tool for testis investigation. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with left testicular pain and an inguinal hernia from 1 year ago. The ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic calcified region size of 12 × 18 mm. The tumor markers were negative. After radical orchiectomy, the histopathology showed testicular calcification with benign osseous metaplasia. Calcification within a testis is found incidentally using ultrasonography since it may be misdiagnosed as a small benign or malignant mass.
Description of the Bluffing Phenomenon in the Untrusted Seller–Buyer Relationship via the Wigner Function of the q-Deformed Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Model
Authors: Jafarov E. I.
Published: August 2024

The [Formula: see text]-deformed quantum harmonic oscillator model is applied to the description of the untrusted seller–buyer relationship. We assumed that the demand law by the buyer is described through the square modulus of the wavefunctions of the [Formula: see text]-oscillator model in the position representation, whereas the supply law by the seller is described through the square modulus of the wavefunctions in the momentum representation. Thus, their untrusted relationship is described through the [Formula: see text]-oscillator Wigner function of the stationary states in terms of the Al Salam-Chihara polynomials. As an example, we study the first excited state and show that the finite-difference differentiation parameter [Formula: see text] or the deformation parameter [Formula: see text] generated through it can be considered as a parameter defining the level of the bluffing phenomenon in this untrusted relationship.

JEL Classifications: C02, D01, D11, D46, D58, D81
When Religion Takes the Stage: How the Coup Regime Instrumentalizes Religion in Securitizing Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
Authors: İbrahimoğlu Ahmet Fathy , Rakipoglu Mehmet
Published: August 2024

This study explores the strategic deployment of religion by the Egyptian military regime as a legitimizing tool for the 2013 military coup and ensuing rule. Central to the analysis is the role of the Egyptian Dar al-Ifta, a pivotal state religious institution, in securitizing the Muslim Brotherhood and its affiliates. While multiple frameworks exist to dissect regime preservation tactics, the research harnesses securitization theory to illuminate these strategies. Grounding the arguments in the foundational works of Juha Vuori in nondemocratic contexts, it contends that the Egyptian military regime tactically utilized religious institutions to securitize its adversaries and enriches the extant literature by integrating securitization principles within the Egyptian context and emphasizes underexplored narratives from the Global South. Moreover, it seeks to bridge a research gap on the nexus between religious institutions and individual actors and delves into the intricate interplay between religious and political discourses by examining speeches and statements infused with religious rhetoric for legitimization.
Locality under the deepening reach of the state: The industrial park regeneration in Quanzhou city
Authors: Yang Wenshi , Huang Yanjun , Gao Jing , Peng Zhenwei
Published: August 2024

The regeneration of dilapidated industrial sites in urban China is challenged by the participation of a variety of actors with the state deepening its reach into such projects to impose control and facilitate industrial upgrade. However, there is relatively scant knowledge about the interactions between the localised actor dynamics and the far-reaching state. To address this knowledge gap, this paper leverages understanding the state as a process and the concept of locality to investigate the complicated actor relationships at the project level. A case study was conducted on the regeneration of an industrial site in Quanzhou city. It is found rather than imposing one-way firming control, state and local actors make negotiation and collaborative efforts to achieve the development goals for the industrial park. The deepening reach of the state enables a blur of demarcation between state as rule makers and society as rule recipients, where microscale capacity is facilitated according to the nation-state’s selective development goal. The nation-state’s function is therefore materialised through the hierarchical policy-making process, arranging local delegating agency and opening up room for negotiations driven by proactivity in the locality. It is suggested in this paper that the understandings of locality and state processes in industrial site regeneration are enhanced by providing empirical evidence in the non-neoliberal context.
Parent attitudes towards predictive testing for autism in the first year of life
Authors: Washington Aurora M. , Mercer Amanda H. , Burrows Catherine A. , Dager Stephen R. , Elison Jed T. , Estes Annette M. , Grzadzinski Rebecca , Lee Chimei , Piven Joseph , Pruett John R. , Shen Mark D. , Wilfond Benjamin , Wolff Jason , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , MacDuffie Katherine E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Emerging biomarker technologies (e.g., MRI, EEG, digital phenotyping, eye-tracking) have potential to move the identification of autism into the first year of life. We investigated the perspectives of parents about the anticipated utility and impact of predicting later autism diagnosis from a biomarker-based test in infancy.

Methods

Parents of infants were interviewed to ascertain receptiveness and perspectives on early (6-12 months) prediction of autism using emerging biomarker technologies. One group had experience parenting an older autistic child (n=30), and the other had no prior autism parenting experience (n=25). Parent responses were analyzed using inductive qualitative coding methods.

Results

Almost all parents in both groups were interested in predictive testing for autism, with some stating they would seek testing only if concerned about their infant’s development. The primary anticipated advantage of testing was to enable access to earlier intervention. Parents also described the anticipated emotions they would feel in response to test results, actions they might take upon learning their infant was likely to develop autism, attitudes towards predicting a child’s future support needs, and the potential impacts of inaccurate prediction.

Conclusion

In qualitative interviews, parents of infants with and without prior autism experience shared their anticipated motivations and concerns about predictive testing for autism in the first year of life. The primary reported motivators for testing—to have more time to prepare and intervene early—could be constrained by familial resources and service availability. Implications for ethical communication of results, equitable early intervention, and future research are discussed.
Role of circular RNAs (CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7) in bladder cancer
Authors: El-Hefnawy Sally Mohammed , Elsayed Ibrahim Tantawy , Ismaiel Abdel Hamid Abdo , Alhanafy Alshimaa M. , Ellaban Rania Elsayed
Published: August 2024

Background

The most prevalent malignancy in the urinary tract is bladder cancer, which is becoming more commonplace globally. Circular RNAs, or circRNAs, have a role in cancer pathogenesis as they can be used as biomarkers to help identify new cases and predict the likelihood of recurrence. The current work examined the gene expression of CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 and evaluated their potential utility in bladder cancer diagnosis.

Subjects and methodology

Seventy people with benign urologic diseases, seventy people with bladder cancer, and seventy healthy controls participated in the study. The polymerase chain reaction in real time quantified the gene expressions of CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7.

Results

Compared to the benign group and controls, bladder cancer patients had significantly greater levels of CircANXA2 expression (p < 0.001). In contrast to the benign group and controls, bladder cancer patients had significantly decreased levels of CircFBXW7 expression (p < 0.001). CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 have comparable sensitivity and specificity; CircANXA2 had sensitivity, and specificity (77.14% and 76.43) and CircFBXW7 had sensitivity, and specificity (80.0% and 70.0%) respectively in detecting bladder cancer. CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 were found to be the risk variables for bladder cancer using multivariate analysis. The odds ratios (OR) for CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 were 1.240 (1.135–1.354) and 0.026 (0.006–0.107), in that order. In conclusion, CircANXA2 and CircFBXW7 may be highly specific and sensitive diagnostic markers for bladder cancer.
Regional differences in frailty among older adults with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Nishimura Akiko , Masuda Chie , Murauchi Chiyo , Ishii Miho , Murata Yuko , Kawasaki Terumi , Azuma Mayumi , Arai Hidenori , Harashima Shin-ichi
Published: August 2024

Background

Social environment may broadly impact multifaceted frailty; however, how environmental differences influence frailty in older adults with diabetes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate regional differences in frailty in urban and rural areas among older adults with diabetes.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the frailty prevention program for older adults with diabetes study. Older adults aged 60–80 years who could independently perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) were enrolled sequentially. Trained nurses obtained patient background, complications, body weight, body composition, blood tests, grip strength, frailty assessment, and self-care score results. Regional differences in frailty were evaluated using logistic and multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

This study included 417 participants (269 urban and 148 rural). The prevalence of robustness was significantly lower in rural areas than in urban areas (29.7% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.018). Living in rural areas was associated with frailty (odds ratio [OR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–4.71) and pre-frailty (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.30–3.41). Lower instrumental ADL (B 0.28, standard error [SE] 0.073) and social ADL (B 0.265, SE 0.097) were characteristics of rural residents.

Conclusions

Regional differences in frailty were observed. Older adults with diabetes living in rural areas have a higher risk of frailty owing to a decline in instrumental and social ADLs. Social environment assessment and intervention programs that include communication strategies to enable care and social participation across environments are crucial to the effective and early prevention of frailty.
Heterogeneity of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical research
Authors: Terheyden Jan Henrik , Gittel Lisa , Jungblut Julie , Taylor Deanna J. , Holz Frank G. , Crabb David P. , Finger Robert P.
Published: August 2024

Background

The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical research increases and use of heterogeneous instruments reflects how well diverse traits are captured by a medical specialty. In order to reflect the heterogeneity of current PROM use in ophthalmology, we reviewed the available literature.

Methods

The medical literature database Web of Science was searched for the most cited articles in clinical ophthalmology. Titles, abstracts and full text articles were reviewed for the use of PROMs and a list of the 100 most cited articles using PROMs was obtained and stratified by year of publication.

Results

A total of 1,996 articles were screened. Seventy-seven out of the 100 articles identified included one PROM, and the average number of instruments was 1.5 ± 1.1. The most widely used PROMs were the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (33%), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (14%) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (13%). A simulation analysis suggested that the distribution of PROM use in ophthalmology study did not significantly differ from a power law distribution. Twenty-two percent and fifteen percent of articles did not reference and did not specify the PROM used, respectively. This rate decreased in the more recently published articles (p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the heterogeneity of PROMs applied in ophthalmology studies is low. The selection of PROMs for clinical studies should be done carefully, depending on the research goal.
A case report on Madelung’s disease and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Jiao Cheng , Liu Wei , Qiao Yiming , Qi Shuai , Shen Yifei
Published: August 2024

Background

Madelung’s disease (MD), alternatively referred to as benign symmetric lipomatosis, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, or Launois–Bensaude syndrome, is an uncommon benign disorder marked by symmetric proliferation of adipose tissue in the head, neck, and torso regions.

Case description

In this case, the patient was a female with the late middle-aged demographic, diagnosed with Type I MD. Notably, she exhibited no prior history of alcohol consumption, and there was no family history of MD. Subsequent to the clinical diagnosis, the patient underwent medical imaging assessments to delineate the surgical parameters. Post-surgery, she demonstrated a favorable recovery trajectory, marked by the absence of any surgical complications.

Result

The patient underwent successful surgical excision of the lipomatous mass. Postoperatively, she had an uneventful recovery with no complications and no recurrence observed during the follow-up period of seven months.

Conclusion

Timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MD. Preoperative medical imaging examinations function as highly effective tools, contributing to heightened surgical safety and a decreased probability of encountering complications during the surgical procedure.
The relationship between body mass index and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in children with pseudotumor cerebri
Authors: Çağ Yakup , Sağer Safiye Güneş , Akçay Merve , Kaytan İsmail , Söbü Elif , Erdem Aydan , Akın Yasemin
Published: August 2024

Background

Childhood obesity has become a major global health problem. Obesity is associated with major health problems, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease. Obesity is also considered a risk factor for Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

Methods

A total of 48 children diagnosed with PTC, who were aged < 18 years and followed up in the pediatric clinic were included in the retrospective study. National BMI percentile curves were used for reference. We investigated statistically the relationship between BMI, clinical and laboratory results, and CSF pressure in patients.

Results

Of total patients 27 were female (56.25%) and 21 were male (43.75%). With regard to the BMI percentile, 20 (41.67%) were overweight or obese. CSF pressure was higher in overweight and obese patients compared to children with BMI in normal ranges (p < 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation was also observed between BMI and CSF pressure values and between monocyte and CSF values (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of the present study indicate a direct relationship between CSF pressure and BMI in children with PTC. Appropriate diet, exercise, and medical treatment in overweight and obese children can make a significant contribution to the treatment of PTC. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between CSF pressure and monocyte levels.
Effects of different VV ECMO blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment by hypertonic saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Zhang Hongling , Wu Yongran , Gao Xuehui , Peng Chengchao , Li Ruirui , Wang Azhen , Zhang Jiancheng , Yuan Shiying , Yang Le , Zou Xiaojing , Shang You
Published: August 2024

Objective

Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment using the saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique in patients on veno-venous (VV) ECMO.

Methods

In this single-centered prospective physiological study, patients on VV ECMO who met the ECMO weaning criteria were assessed for lung perfusion using saline bolus-based EIT at various ECMO blood flow rates (gradually decreased from 4.5 L/min to 3.5 L/min, 2.5 L/min, 1.5 L/min, and finally to 0 L/min). Lung perfusion distribution, dead space, shunt, ventilation/perfusion matching, and recirculation fraction at different flow rates were compared.

Results

Fifteen patients were included. As the ECMO blood flow rate decreased from 4.5 L/min to 0 L/min, the recirculation fraction decreased significantly. The main EIT-based findings were as follows. (1) Median lung perfusion significantly increased in region-of-interest (ROI) 2 and the ventral region [38.21 (34.93–42.16)% to 41.29 (35.32–43.75)%, p = 0.003, and 48.86 (45.53–58.96)% to 54.12 (45.07–61.16)%, p = 0.037, respectively], whereas it significantly decreased in ROI 4 and the dorsal region [7.87 (5.42–9.78)% to 6.08 (5.27–9.34)%, p = 0.049, and 51.14 (41.04–54.47)% to 45.88 (38.84–54.93)%, p = 0.037, respectively]. (2) Dead space significantly decreased, and ventilation/perfusion matching significantly increased in both the ventral and global regions. (3) No significant variations were observed in regional and global shunt.

Conclusions

During VV ECMO, the ECMO blood flow rate, closely linked to recirculation fraction, could affect the accuracy of lung perfusion assessment using hypertonic saline bolus-based EIT.
Rapid qualitative analysis of recruitment obstacles in the FORVAD (Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy surgery versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy surgery in the treatment of cervical brachialgia) randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Talbot Rebecca , Higham Ruchi , Croft Julie , Ainsworth Gemma , Brown Sarah , Kelly Rachel , Stocken Deborah , Thomson Simon , Rousseau Nikki
Published: August 2024

Background

The number of surgical trials is increasing but such trials can be complex to deliver and pose specific challenges. A multi-centre, Phase III, RCT comparing Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Treatment of Cervical Brachialgia (FORVAD Trial) was unable to recruit to target. A rapid qualitative study was conducted during trial closedown to understand the experiences of healthcare professionals who participated in the FORVAD Trial, with the aim of informing future research in this area.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 healthcare professionals who had participated in the FORVAD Trial. Interviews explored participants’ experiences of the FORVAD trial. A rapid qualitative analysis was conducted, informed by Normalisation Process Theory.

Results

Four main themes were generated in the data analysis: (1) individual vs. community equipoise; (2) trial set-up and delivery; (3) identifying and approaching patients; and (4) timing of randomisation. The objectives of the FORVAD trial made sense to participants and they supported the idea that there was clinical or collective equipoise regarding the two FORVAD interventions; however, many surgeons had treatment preferences and lacked individual equipoise. The site which had most recruitment success had adopted a more structured process for identification and recruitment of patients, whereas other sites that adopted more “ad hoc” screening strategies struggled to identify patients. Randomisation on the day of surgery caused both medico-legal and practical concerns at some sites.

Conclusions

Organisation and implementation of a surgical trial in neurosurgery is complex and presents many challenges. Sites often reported low recruitment and discussed the logistical issues of conducting a complex surgical RCT. Future trials in neurosurgery may need to offer more flexibility and time during set-up to maximise opportunities for larger recruitment numbers. Rapid qualitative analysis informed by Normalisation Process Theory was able to quickly identify key issues with trial implementation so rapid qualitative analysis may be a useful approach for teams conducting qualitative research in trials.

Trial registration

ISRCTN, ISRCTN reference: 10,133,661. Registered 23rd November 2018.
Participation rates, characteristics, and differential effects on reading literacy of extracurricular tutoring in a German large-scale assessment
Authors: Heyne Nora , Gnambs Timo , Sengewald Marie-Ann
Published: August 2024

Because large-scale studies repeatedly indicated low reading literacy for many students, a need for interventions fostering reading literacy, such as extracurricular tutoring, has often been emphasized. Several reading promoting programs, suitable for extracurricular tutoring, were developed and shown to be effective in recent years. Moreover, these studies and analyses of extracurricular activities and tutoring yielded findings on learning-supporting characteristics and effects on students’ achievement of such extracurricular offers. Nevertheless, little is known to date about the implementation of extracurricular tutoring in practice in Germany, particularly about its participation rates, characteristics, and effects on students` reading literacy. Thus, the present study investigated participation rates of extracurricular tutoring in reading and in German among students in general and among various subgroups between Grades 5 and 7. Furthermore, the study examined general and subject-specific characteristics and effects of extracurricular tutoring on reading literacy. The analyses used a sample of students (N = 5113) of the National Educational Panel Study in Germany. In addition to descriptive analyses of characteristics and participation rates of extracurricular tutoring, effect sizes were calculated for comparing participation rates of subgroups of students. Furthermore, multi-group structural equation models were implemented to investigate average and differential effects of extracurricular tutoring, while controlling for initial reading literacy and other covariates. The results indicate that mainly students with low reading literacy and therefore a strong need for support participated in extracurricular tutoring, but the general participation rate was low. The descriptive outcomes showed a heterogeneous picture of tutoring offers and rare implementations of reading-promoting methods. Moreover, the results revealed no significant effects of extracurricular tutoring on students’ reading literacy overall but suggested marginal differences for students with a low initial reading literacy. For future studies, more detailed assessments of characteristics and methods of extracurricular tutoring are recommended, particularly, in large-scale investigations on specific tutoring methods for students with support needs which may lead to improved guidelines regarding promising implementations of evidence-based reading promoting programs.
Novel Strategy of Training the Accredited Social Health Activists via Application-Based Telemedicine for Cervical Cancer Screening by Human Papillomavirus Self-Sampling: The TRACK Study
Authors: Singh Nilanchali , Tanwar Pranay , Singhal Seema , Mohan Trishala , Mittal Chetanya , Mangal Shivangi , Kaur Jasmine , Meena Jyoti , Singh Anju , Mathur Sandeep , Ghatage Prafull , Bhatla Neerja
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

This pilot study is aimed to analyze a novel strategy of cervical cancer screening by training of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers via telemedicine to counsel women for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a pilot, community-based, prospective, single-arm study. Physicians trained the ASHA workers regarding self-sampled HPV testing via a mobile application and telephonically using videos and e-pamphlets, who in turn trained the clients in community. The HPV kits were transported via prepaid courier service.

RESULTS

Four hundred and sixty-five women of age group 30-65 years were tested by 47 teletrained ASHA workers. The mean age of ASHA worker and clients was 39.47 ± 6.45 and 37.26 ± 8.38 years, respectively. Of the ASHA workers, 91.7% were satisfied with the information provided during telecounseling, 95.7% could understand the contents of mobile app easily, and 93.6% could fill the data of clients in app easily. Of the clients, 99.6% were satisfied with counseling by ASHA workers and 98% found it easy to self-sample. The acceptability of this strategy among clients was 58.2%. The feasibility of this strategy (percentage of clients who find it easy/those who did self-sampling) was around 99%. Among those screened, 11.8% were high-risk HPV-positive and 85.5% had follow-up at the study center.

CONCLUSION

The current study highlights a novel strategy of cervical cancer screening by incorporating the role of telemedicine in training ASHA workers and their role in improving the screening by home-based delivery of HPV kits with promising results.
Selberg and Ruelle zeta functions on compact hyperbolic odd dimensional manifolds
Authors: Σπηλιώτη Πολυξένη
Published: August 2024

Σε αυτή τη διατριβή μελετάμε τις συναρτήσεις ζήτα Selberg και Ruelle σε συμπαγείς προσανατολισμένες υπερβολικές πολλαπλότητες X περιττής διάστασης d. Αυτές είναι δυναμικές συναρτήσεις ζήτα που σχετίζονται με τη γεωδαισιακή ροή στη μοναδιαία εφαπτόμενη δέσμη S(X). Στην διατριβή, ταυτοποιούμε την πολλαπλότητα X με Γ\G/K, όπου G = SO^{0}(d, 1), K = SO(d) και Γ είναι μια διακριτή συνσυμπαγής υποομάδα χωρίς στρέψη του G. Έστω G = KAN η αποσύνθεση Iwasawa ως προς K. Έστω M ο κεντροποιητής του A στο K. Για μια ανάγωγη αναπαράσταση σ του M και μια πεπερασμένης διάστασης αναπαράσταση χ της Γ, ορίζουμε τη συνάρτηση ζήτα Selberg Z(s;σ,χ) και τη συνάρτηση ζήτα Ruelle R(s; σ, χ). Αποδεικνύουμε ότι συγκλίνουν σε κάποιο ημιεπίπεδο Re(s) > c και έχει μία μερομορφική συνέχιση σε ολόκληρο το μιγαδικό επίπεδο. Περιγράφουμε επίσης τα σημεία ανωμαλίας της συνάρτησης ζήτα Selberg ως προς το διακριτό φάσμα ορισμένων διαφορικών τελεστών στη πολλαπλότητα X. Επιπλέον, αποδεικνύουμε συναρτησιακές εξισώσεις που συσχετίζουν τις τιμές τους στο s με αυτές στο −s. Το κύριο εργαλείο που χρησιμοποιούμε είναι ο τύπος ίχνους Selberg για μη oρθομοναδιαίες αναπαραστάσεις. Γενικεύουμε τα αποτελέσματα των Bunke και Olbrich στην περίπτωση των μη oρθομοναδιαίων αναπαραστάσεων χ της Γ.
Comprehensive management of erectile dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: pathogenesis, treatment modalities, and future perspectives
Authors: Dróżdż Olgierd , Dołęga Marcin , Gacka Piotr , Musialska Dominika , Grzelka Michalina
Published: August 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), affecting up to 52% of diabetic males. This review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment modalities of ED in diabetic patients. Key factors influencing ED in this population include poor glycemic control, obesity, hypertension, and the duration of diabetes.
Both the latest reports on treatment and well-known articles containing fundamental knowledge about this condition were analyzed, mainly using online databases like PubMed.
Effective management of ED in diabetic patients requires optimal glycemic control and lifestyle modifications such as diet, exercise, and weight management. Pharmacological treatments involve phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors like sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil, which enhance erectile function by increasing cGMP levels. Alternatives for those unresponsive to oral medications include intracavernous injections, intraurethral alprostadil, vacuum constriction devices, low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT), and penile prosthesis implantation. Emerging therapies like mesenchymal stem cell therapy and novel drug combinations offer promising avenues, focusing on cellular regeneration and improved vascular function.
Despite the availability of these treatments, ED remains underreported due to patient embarrassment and healthcare provider hesitation, underscoring the need for increased awareness and proactive management. As projections indicate a rising global prevalence of ED, integrating ED management into comprehensive diabetes care is essential to enhance patient quality of life and address this significant public health issue.
impact of using superfood products on a sporty lifestyle
Authors: Długosz Joanna , Staszczak Paweł , Smuszkiewicz-Różański Paweł , Różańska-Smuszkiewicz Gabriela , Oronowicz Radosław , Kmiotek Weronika , Jaworska Barbara , Ragan Dagmara , Bara Maciej , Miłkowski Paweł
Published: August 2024

The term "superfood" refers to foods that are exceptionally high in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other bioactive substances, which have beneficial effects on health. Although there is no precise scientific definition, the term is widely used in the context of healthy eating and diets.
Superfoods have a deep-rooted history dating back to ancient times, when foods like quinoa, chia seeds, goji berries, and turmeric were used for their health properties in various cultures around the world. For example, the Aztecs and Incas utilized quinoa and chia seeds as important dietary staples, valued for their nutritional content and ease of cultivation.
In the 20th century, growing interest in healthy eating led to increased scientific research on the nutritional components of various food products. The term "superfood" began to be used to describe foods that provide specific health benefits, a concept that gained traction in health media and literature.
Modern research confirms many beliefs about superfoods, emphasizing their ability to support physical and mental health. Superfoods like acai berries, chia seeds, and spirulina are popular among active individuals and athletes because they can aid muscle recovery, boost energy levels, and strengthen the immune system.
Superfoods are integral to modern dietary trends such as the Mediterranean diet and veganism due to their potential health benefits. Thanks to their unique nutritional properties, they play a significant role in balanced diets and are widely used in everyday nutrition and complementary medicine to support the health and well-being of their consumers.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery – what the gold standard in dermatologic surgery offers us. A Literature Review
Authors: Perkowska Klaudia , Kaźmierczak Anna , Izdebska Wiktoria , Sornek Patrycja , Borkowska Agata , Kiełb Anna , Pawlak Igor , Mich Anna , Ciesielski Radosław , Stanek Jakub
Published: August 2024

Introduction and objective:
Micrographic Mohs surgery, a highly precise surgical technique, has long been regarded as a cornerstone in dermatology for the treatment of various skin cancers. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current understanding of the principles and clinical applications of Mohs surgery, with a specific focus on providing insights to clinicians and researchers.
 
State of Knowledge:
Mohs surgery is particularly renowned for its unparalleled efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and other skin malignancies, especially in anatomically challenging areas. The technique involves meticulous removal of cancerous tissue layers while sparing healthy surrounding tissue, facilitated by microscopic examination of surgical margins. Recent advancements in Mohs surgery have led to improved outcomes, with techniques such as immunostaining enhancing the accuracy of tumor detection and minimizing the need for additional surgeries.
 
 
Materials and methods:
This review of studies is based on scientific articles avaible in PubMed, Google Scholar databases and Elsevier.
 
Summary:
Micrographic Mohs surgery remains a cornerstone of dermatologic oncology, offering unparalleled precision and cure rates for various skin cancers. Its success lies in its ability to achieve complete tumor removal while preserving maximal tissue integrity and cosmesis. Future research endeavors should focus on refining surgical techniques, optimizing patient selection criteria, and exploring adjunctive therapies to further improve outcomes and patient satisfaction. By advancing our understanding and application of Mohs surgery, we can continue to provide optimal care for patients with skin cancer, ultimately improving their quality of life and prognosis.
The way to a man's heart is through his stomach - recommendations after a heart surgery (cardiac surgical)
Authors: Koszyczarek Karolina , Marańska Diana , Różańska-Smuszkiewicz Gabriela , Smuszkiewicz-Różański Paweł
Published: August 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Understanding the crucial role of nutrition and sport in the postoperative recovery of cardiac surgery patients is paramount. Optimal nutrition aids in healing mitigates complications and enhances overall outcomes. This abstract focuses on the necessity of customized nutrition plans tailored to meet the unique recovery needs of post-cardiac procedures, emphasizing the importance of heart-healthy dietary choices for long-term cardiovascular health.
Materials and methods: The literature available in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was reviewed using the following keywords: "nutrition"; “surgery nutrition; and "cardiac surgery nutrition"
State of Knowledge: Evidence underscores the significance of a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and soluble fiber in facilitating post-surgery recovery and promoting heart health. Strategies to reduce sodium and limit unhealthy fats are vital, as is incorporating whole grains, lean proteins, and various fruits and vegetables. Collaborative development of personalized dietary plans with healthcare professionals is critical for enhancing recovery and ensuring long-term health benefits.
Conclusion: The integration of targeted nutritional strategies into postoperative care is essential for optimizing patient recovery and improving quality of life following cardiac surgery. Nutrition plays a foundational role in supporting the healing process, reducing the risk of complications and securing cardiovascular health in the long term.
Clavicle fractures - one of the painful injuries in sports
Authors: Łoś Dawid , Nowak Aleksandra , Janus Anita , Kaptur Agata , Dziedziński Dawid , Kwaśniewska Oliwia
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Clavicle fractures can be treated either surgically or non-operatively. Traditionally, displaced fractures of the clavicle shaft in adults have been treated non-operatively. However, recent evidence suggests that the rate of non-union following non-operative treatment is higher than previously thought. In addition, there is a growing body of literature suggesting better functional outcomes with operative treatment. This shift in understanding has led to an increased preference for operative management of these fractures in recent years. The aim of this review is to summarise the current evidence on the management of clavicle fractures.
Review methods
English-language scientific literature found in PubMed and Google Scholar was used for the review. Articles were searched based on keywords. Each article was analyzed for knowledge currency and relevance for use in the review.
Description of the State of Knowledge
After searching the articles, 20 articles were selected for final analysis. The collected data provided the latest information on clavicle fractures regarding the epidemiology, treatment and its results.
Summary
Clavicle fractures are one of the injuries happening in sports. As the surgical techniques become better overtime, the dilemma regarding invasive versus non-invasive treatment appears. Overall, both these approaches yield similar results, however may be suitable for different individuals.