bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DDX19A promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Cheng Yu , Lu Yanjie , Xue Jing , Wang Xuemei , Zhou Lili , Luo Yu , Li Yuhong
Published: August 2024

Background

DEAD-box RNA helicase 19 A (DDX19A) is overexpressed in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. However, its role in gastric cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of DDX19A in the development of gastric cancer.

Methods

The expression of DDX19A in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues was evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The biological functions of DDX19A in gastric cancer were determined using CCK8, plate colony-forming, and Transwell migration assays. The specific mechanism of DDX19A in gastric cancer cells was studied using western blotting, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, mRNA half-life detection, and nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA isolation.

Results

DDX19A was highly expressed in gastric cancer and positively associated with malignant clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. Additionally, DDX19A promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition phenotypes. Mechanistically, DDX19A activated the PI3K/AKT pathway by upregulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PIK3CA) expression. Furthermore, DDX19A interacted with PIK3CA mRNA, stabilized it, and facilitated its export from the nucleus.

Conclusions

Our study reveals a novel mechanism whereby DDX19A promotes the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by enhancing the stability and nuclear export of PIK3CA mRNA, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Utilizing deep learning model for assessing melanocytic density in resection margins of lentigo maligna
Authors: Siarov Jan , Kumar Darshan , Paoli John , Mölne Johan , Gillstedt Martin , Neittaanmäki Noora
Published: August 2024

Background

Surgical excision with clear histopathological margins is the preferred treatment to prevent progression of lentigo maligna (LM) to invasive melanoma. However, the assessment of resection margins on sun-damaged skin is challenging. We developed a deep learning model for detection of melanocytes in resection margins of LM.

Methods

In total, 353 whole slide images (WSIs) were included. 295 WSIs were used for training and 58 for validation and testing. The algorithm was trained with 3,973 manual pixel-wise annotations. The AI analyses were compared to those of three blinded dermatopathologists and two pathology residents, who performed their evaluations without AI and AI-assisted. Immunohistochemistry (SOX10) served as the reference standard. We used a dichotomized cutoff for low and high risk of recurrence (≤ 25 melanocytes in an area of 0.5 mm for low risk and > 25 for high risk).

Results

The AI model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 in discriminating margins with low and high recurrence risk. In comparison, the AUC for dermatopathologists ranged from 0.72 to 0.90 and for the residents in pathology, 0.68 to 0.80. Additionally, with aid of the AI model the performance of two pathologists significantly improved.

Conclusions

The deep learning showed notable accuracy in detecting resection margins of LM with a high versus low risk of recurrence. Furthermore, the use of AI improved the performance of 2/5 pathologists. This automated tool could aid pathologists in the assessment or pre-screening of LM margins.
The interplay of transition metals in ferroptosis and pyroptosis
Authors: Vana Frantisek , Szabo Zoltan , Masarik Michal , Kratochvilova Monika
Published: August 2024

Cell death is one of the most important mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis in our body. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are forms of necrosis-like cell death. These cell death modalities play key roles in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological diseases, and other pathologies. Transition metals are abundant group of elements in all living organisms. This paper presents a summary of ferroptosis and pyroptosis pathways and their connection to significant transition metals, namely zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), uranium (U), platinum (Pt), and one crucial element, selenium (Se). Authors aim to summarize the up-to-date knowledge of this topic.

In this review, there are categorized and highlighted the most common patterns in the alterations of ferroptosis and pyroptosis by transition metals. Special attention is given to zinc since collected data support its dual nature of action in both ferroptosis and pyroptosis. All findings are presented together with a brief description of major biochemical pathways involving mentioned metals and are visualized in attached comprehensive figures.

This work concludes that the majority of disruptions in the studied metals’ homeostasis impacts cell fate, influencing both death and survival of cells in the complex system of altered pathways. Therefore, this summary opens up the space for further research.

Graphical abstract
Examining the evidence for mutual modulation between m6A modification and circular RNAs: current knowledge and future prospects
Authors: Tang Xiaozhu , Guo Mengjie , Zhang Yuanjiao , Lv Junxian , Gu Chunyan , Yang Ye
Published: August 2024

The resistance of cancer cells to treatment significantly impedes the success of therapy, leading to the recurrence of various types of cancers. Understanding the specific mechanisms of therapy resistance may offer novel approaches for alleviating drug resistance in cancer. Recent research has shown a reciprocal relationship between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and their interaction can affect the resistance and sensitivity of cancer therapy. This review aims to summarize the latest developments in the m6A modification of circRNAs and their importance in regulating therapy resistance in cancer. Furthermore, we explore their mutual interaction and exact mechanisms and provide insights into potential future approaches for reversing cancer resistance.
The landscape of circulating tumor HPV DNA and TTMV-HPVDNA for surveillance of HPV-oropharyngeal carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Campo Flaminia , Iocca Oreste , Paolini Francesca , Manciocco Valentina , Moretto Silvia , De Virgilio Armando , Moretti Claudio , Vidiri Antonello , Venuti Aldo , Bossi Paolo , Blandino Giovanni , Pellini Raul
Published: August 2024

Background

Human papilloma virus (HPV) related cancers of the oropharynx are rapidly increasing in incidence and may soon represent the majority of all head and neck cancers. Improved monitoring and surveillance methods are thus an urgent need in public health.

Main text

The goal is to highlight the current potential and limitations of liquid biopsy through a meta analytic study on ctHPVDNA and TTMV-HPVDNA. It was performed a Literature search on articles published until December 2023 using three different databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies that evaluated post-treatment ctHPVDNA and TTMV-HPVDNA in patients with HPV + OPSCC, studies reporting complete data on the diagnostic accuracy in recurrence, or in which the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives was extractable, and methods of detection of viral DNA clearly defined.

The meta-analysis was conducted following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ctHPVDNA and TTMV by ddPCR to define its efficacy in clinical setting for the follow up of HPV-OPSCC.

Conclusion

The 12 studies included in the meta-analysis provided a total of 1311 patients for the analysis (398 valuated with ctHPVDNA and 913 with TTMV-HPVDNA). Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 86% (95% CI: 78%-91%) and 96% (95% CI: 91%-99%), respectively; negative and positive likelihood ratios were 0.072 (95% CI: 0.057–0.093) and 24.7 (95% CI: 6.5–93.2), respectively; pooled DOR was 371.66 (95% CI: 179.1–918). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67–0.91).

Liquid biopsy for the identification of cell free DNA might identify earlier recurrence in HPV + OPSCC patients. At the present time, liquid biopsy protocol needs to be standardized and liquid biopsy cannot yet be used in clinical setting. In the future, a multidimensional integrated approach which links multiple clinical, radiological, and laboratory data will contribute to obtain the best follow-up strategies for the follow-up of HPV-OPSCC.
The influence of Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal barrier function
Authors: Mo Chunyan , Lou Xiran , Xue Jinfang , Shi Zhuange , Zhao Yifang , Wang Fuping , Chen Guobing
Published: August 2024

Intestinal barriers play a crucial role in human physiology, both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Disruption of the intestinal barrier is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. The profound influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal diseases has sparked considerable interest in manipulating it through dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential approaches to enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Numerous studies have underscored the protective effects of specific microbiota and their associated metabolites. In recent years, an increasing body of research has demonstrated that Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila, Am) plays a beneficial role in various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, aging, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. It is gaining popularity as a regulator that influences the intestinal flora and intestinal barrier and is recognized as a ‘new generation of probiotics’. Consequently, it may represent a potential target and promising therapy option for intestinal diseases. This article systematically summarizes the role of Am in the gut. Specifically, we carefully discuss key scientific issues that need resolution in the future regarding beneficial bacteria represented by Am, which may provide insights for the application of drugs targeting Am in clinical treatment.
An adaptive composite time series forecasting model for short-term traffic flow
Authors: Shao Qitan , Piao Xinglin , Yao Xiangyu , Kong Yuqiu , Hu Yongli , Yin Baocai , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2024

Short-term traffic flow forecasting is a hot issue in the field of intelligent transportation. The research field of traffic forecasting has evolved greatly in past decades. With the rapid development of deep learning and neural networks, a series of effective methods have been proposed to address the short-term traffic flow forecasting problem, which makes it possible to examine and forecast traffic situations more accurately than ever. Different from linear based methods, deep learning based methods achieve traffic flow forecasting by exploring the complex nonlinear relationships in traffic flow. Most existing methods always use a single framework for feature extraction and forecasting only. These approaches treat all traffic flow equally and consider them contain same attribute. However, the traffic flow from different time spots or roads may contain distinct attributes information (such as congested and uncongested). A simple single framework usually ignore the different attributes embedded in different distributions of data. This would decrease the accuracy of traffic forecasting. To tackle these issues, we propose an adaptive composite framework, named Long-Short-Combination (LSC). In the proposed method, two data forecasting modules(L and S) are designed for short-term traffic flow with different attributes respectively. Furthermore, we also integrate an attribute forecasting module (C) to forecast the traffic attributes for each time point in future time series. The proposed framework has been assessed on real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has excellent forecasting performance.
The inoculum dose of Zika virus can affect the viral replication dynamics, cytokine responses and survival rate in immunocompromised AG129 mice
Authors: Yan Yuhuan , Yang Hao , Yang Yun , Wang Junbin , Zhou Yanan , Tang Cong , Li Bai , Huang Qing , An Ran , Liang Xiaoming , Lin Dongdong , Yu Wenhai , Fan Changfa , Lu Shuaiyao
Published: August 2024

Zika virus, a mosquito-borne arbovirus, has repeatedly caused large pandemics with symptoms worsening from mild and self-limiting diseases to Guillain–Barré syndrome in adults and fetal microcephaly in newborns. In recent years, Zika virus diseases have posed a serious threat to human health. The shortage of susceptible small animal models makes it difficult to study pathogenic mechanisms and evaluate potential therapies for Zika virus infection. Therefore, we chose immunocompromised mice (AG129 mice) deficient in IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptors, which can abolish the innate immune system that prevents Zika virus infection early. AG129 mice were infected with the Zika virus, and this mouse model exhibited replication dynamics, tissue tropism, pathological lesion and immune activation of the Zika virus. Our results suggest that the inoculum dose of Zika virus can affect the viral replication dynamics, cytokine responses and survival rate in AG129 mice. By testing the potential antiviral drug favipiravir, several critical indicators, including replication dynamics and survival rates, were identified in AG129 mice after Zika virus infection. It is suggested that the model is reliable for drug evaluation. In brief, this model provides a potential platform for studies of the infectivity, virulence, and pathogenesis of the Zika virus. Moreover, the development of an accessible mouse model of Zika virus infection will expedite the research and deployment of therapeutics and vaccines.
Porosity prediction based on a structural modeling deep-learning method
Authors: Tao Bocheng , Liu Xingye , Zhou Huailai , Liu Junping , Lyu Fen , Lin Yangchuan
Published: August 2024

The seismic inversion method is a pivotal approach for acquiring porosity parameters. The performance of inversion depends on several factors, such as algorithm stability, the precision of the rock-physics model, and the quality of seismic data. Some deep-learning techniques successfully address the aforementioned challenges of physical approximations in a data-driven manner, offering an intelligent approach to establish the intricate nonlinear relationship between seismic data and porosity. However, these methods mainly follow a trace-by-trace inversion paradigm that fails to consider the structural attributes of geologic strata, thereby overlooking the inherent spatial continuity of the seismic data. We extend the conventional intelligent prediction algorithm from 1D to 2D and develop a quantitative porosity prediction method based on structural modeling deep learning (SMDL). The designed framework simulates the generalized seismic inversion, including an inversion processor (IP) and a forward processor (FP). First, the modeling of multivariate information from well logs and seismic horizon data generates 2D seismogram and porosity models, which serve as the training data set. Subsequently, we introduce an improved TransUNet in the IP to map seismograms to porosity. The predicted porosity is then input into an FP based on an improved UNet to simulate the seismogram. Finally, the network system uses the mean square error within the processor to achieve a dual-scale constraint for intelligent porosity prediction tasks. To ascertain the feasibility and robustness of SMDL, we conduct validation experiments using the SEAM model. In addition, we apply SMDL to field data from the South China Sea, demonstrating that the SMDL can further improve the lateral continuity and accuracy of predicted results. Moreover, horizon slices of predicted results based on different methods are extracted, and the porosity interpretation slice of SMDL shows high congruence with actual geologic knowledge and drilling situations.
Shortening a mixed salt and mobile shale system: A case study from East Breaks, northwest Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Soto Juan I. , Dooley Tim P. , Hudec Michael R. , Peel Frank J. , Apps Gillian M.
Published: August 2024

The coexistence of two low-shear strength layers in a continental margin, such as salt and shales, conditions the resulting structural style and also constitutes a challenge for seismic imaging and energy resource exploration. We have analyzed the 3D structure of a mixed salt-shale system in the western Gulf of Mexico, in the East Breaks foldbelt, by interpreting a depth-migrated seismic data set. Overlying the allochthonous Sigsbee canopy and pierced by isolated salt diapirs, the Oligocene shale-prone sequences were shortened during the Miocene through pervasive deformations, developing a major suprasalt detachment system associated with duplexes below and different fold and thrust systems above. Oligocene shales locally reach a critical state and flow, resulting in: (1) inflated shale-cored detachment anticlines, with the stacking of allochthonous mobile shale domains; (2) detached lift-off anticlines with shale bulbs and fishtail thrusted welds; (3) allochthonous shale sheets at the upper tip of thrusts, fed by fluidized material migrating along associated fault zones; (4) hourglass shale diapirs; and (5) Christmas trees and vertical mud pipes connected to small mud volcanoes. The salt diapirs deformed simultaneously, as did the shales. Salt accommodated the shortening through localized subvertical welds that isolated them from the allochthonous Sigsbee canopy and through weld thrusts formed by fault-bounded blocks with highly sheared salt and mobile shales. Mobile shale structures wrap around the squeezed salt diapirs, presenting a unique pattern that has not yet been documented in experimental models with precursor salt diapirs deformed under contraction. Mixed salt-shale systems are a new challenge for structural analysis and experimental models, as well as for seismic model building in situations where there is a high dispersion of seismic energy due to the unique properties of mobile shales.
Police abolition and transformative justice in the footsteps of Thomas Mathiesen’s penal abolition
Authors: Nafstad Ida
Published: August 2024

Thomas Mathiesen’s theories, his activism and his scholarship are needed, important and useful for contemporary researchers concerned with social change and social justice. At this moment in time, when strong social movements and abolitionism are back on the agenda, Mathiesen’s theories can not only be revitalised, but moved forward in the everlasting unfinished fashion. Mathiesen’s work might be of support to researchers and activists confronted with the ‘system members’ as he calls them, to identify the structures of power one is up against and its strategies. His work provides a roadmap of how to handle repressive powers to reach the long-term goal of penal abolition. In this article, I will outline Mathiesen’s central theories of penal abolition as they are connected to political activism, then trace the role of the police in his abolitionism and, finally, I will argue for the relevance and development of Mathiesen’s abolitionist thinking in the contemporary and burgeoning field of transformative justice and police abolitionism. I aim to show the continuing relevance of Mathiesen’s theories for contemporary abolitionist movements and scholarship, and how they contribute to push these theories forward into new areas.
Forming a Priestly People for a Eucharistic Revival
Authors: Brummond Michael
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: This article argues that any effective Eucharistic revival among the laity must necessarily involve a revitalization of the baptismal priesthood, since active participation in the liturgy is only made possible through a sharing in Christ’s priesthood bestowed in baptism. The essay first explores the biblical foundations of the common priesthood of the faithful. It then considers the role of the laity in offering the Eucharist which is grounded in the identity received through the sacramental character given at baptism. It then argues that inattention to the priestly quality of the People of God risks leading to a reductive functionalism unsuited to a lasting Eucharistic revival. The essay concludes with some modest proposals for forming the laity more deeply to live the baptismal priesthood.
Education in Psychiatric Rehabilitation Column—Psychiatric Rehabilitation Education for Psychiatrists: A Canadian Experience
Authors: Rudnick Abraham
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Psychiatric rehabilitation is a core type of evidence-based, promising, and emerging person-centered mental health care interventions for people with psychiatric disabilities. Yet psychiatrists appear to be undereducated in relation to psychiatric rehabilitation. This article reports on psychiatric rehabilitation education for Canadian psychiatrists and psychiatry residents to facilitate knowledge on psychiatric education for psychiatrists. A selective literature review with education-focused auto-ethnography is used. It seems that much more psychiatric education for psychiatrists in Canada and elsewhere is needed. In particular, psychiatric education for psychiatry residents is needed to educate psychiatrists early on in their specialty training in relation to psychiatric rehabilitation in particular and in relation to person-centered mental health care more generally. Consistent implementation and evaluation of such education would be helpful, preferably guided by policy such as in relation to national standards for psychiatric care that must incorporate psychiatric rehabilitation.
Pedometers as an Intervention to Increase Physical Activity Among Individuals with Mental Illness: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Grainger Maureen , Gardner Jennifer , Hicks Danielle , Moran Mariann , Scammacca Melissa , Kessaris Alexis , NesSmith Moriah , Swarbrick Margaret
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Individuals with serious mental illness are at increased risk for physical health conditions and sedentary lifestyle impacting engagement in meaningful activities. This feasibility study investigated access to and use of a pedometer to increase physical activity. Participants ( n = 8) from a community mental health setting were supplied pedometers and provided education, weekly reminders, and support to encourage pedometer use for four weeks. Results showed increased step counts, though no impacts on engagement in daily activities. Participants reported benefits including increased sense of self-sufficiency and independence. For some participants, more frequent tailored reminders and support on how to use the wearable device as well as additional education based on health literacy principles was needed. Access to pedometers along with education and support was acceptable and seems a feasible form of an intervention that can be offered by occupational therapists in collaboration with peer providers or psychiatric rehabilitation practitioners; however, further research can examine benefits and impacts for this population.
Family Members of Young Adults with Psychosis: Intentions to Use Motivational Interviewing to Address Cannabis Use
Authors: Petros Ryan , Walker Denise D , Davis Adam , Monroe-DeVita Maria
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP) use cannabis at high rates. A family-based intervention grounded in motivational interviewing (MI) appears promising. Focus groups ( N = 3) were conducted with family members ( n = 8) of individuals with FEP. Questions were developed based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify factors contributing to intentions to utilize MI to address cannabis. Researchers used content analysis to sort data into TPB constructs and thematic analysis to identify breadth of themes. Factors decreasing intention to utilize MI included disagreement about cannabis being “a problem,” having vested interests in cessation, concern about relationship strain, and lack of accessible data about risks and consequences of use. Strategies to increase intentions include providing families accessible information about cannabis-psychosis interactions and support to reconcile the following: preference for cessation versus respect for autonomy, desire to use evocation versus provide information, and the desire to avoid versus engage in discussion of cannabis.
Double Stigma: Implementing Narrative Enhancement and Cognitive Therapy (NECT) with LGBTQ Individuals with Serious Mental Illness (SMI)
Authors: Yamin Amit , Katav Shuli (Shaul) , Levi Liz , Yanos Philip T. , Goldblatt Hadass , Roe David
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Narrative enhancement and cognitive therapy (NECT) is a group-based intervention aimed at decreasing self-stigma and promoting recovery among people with severe mental illness (SMI). This study describes a pioneer effort to implement NECT with LGBTQ individuals who are also labeled with SMI and thus subject to “double stigma.” Qualitative analysis of 40 detailed written summaries of all sessions of two NECT groups of LGBTQ individuals with SMI explored how they perceive the double self-stigma they experience. The study revealed four main themes: (1) being subject to stigma and double stigma, (2) the perceived connection between sexual identity and mental illness, (3) unique challenges related to disclosure, and (4) from within the group to outside it. Results of this effort to implement NECT with LGBTQ individuals also labeled with an SMI may help raise awareness of some of the specific and unique implications of the double stigma LGBTQ individuals with SMI experience and encourage future development of knowledge and more tailored interventions aimed at reducing the negative effects of double stigma.
Mutuality between Military Veterans with Depression and Their Close Supports: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yang Sarah , Ono Sarah , Strange Wynn , Teo Alan
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT: Mutuality—the bidirectional flow of feelings, activities, and thoughts between close relationships—provides a useful framework to examine mutual support, but little is known about mutuality between patients with depression and members of their social network. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 30 patients with symptoms of major depression and 17 of their close supports. All interviews were coded by at least two research team members, and output from codes were sorted into themes. Empowerment, engagement, and empathy were the most common forms of mutuality between patients and close supports. Equitable exchange of support was key to experiencing empowerment and led to ongoing engagement in each other’s lives. When empathy was absent, its detrimental effects were pronounced. In the most intimate and authentic relationships, patients and close supports adopted a “team” identity. Social support interventions that identify and increase features of mutuality may be an innovative approach to combat depression.
How Not to Do Things with Others: A Buddhist Account of Shared Agency
Authors: Hanner Oren
Published: August 2024

Unlike Western philosophers, classical Buddhist thinkers largely remained silent about socio-political issues and did not develop explicit frameworks for theorizing them. The present article reconstructs a Buddhist account of shared action based on select passages from works by the Indian Buddhist philosopher Vasubandhu. It outlines the structure of individual action, according to Vasubandhu, and identifies three conditions that need to be satisfied for a joint activity to take place. This model, I suggest, is reductive in seeing joint action as an aggregation of individual actions, and it differs from Western treatments of shared agency in several respects. Primarily, Vasubandhu’s paradigm rests on an extended structure of action, it is guided by an internalist standard of moral evaluation that emphasizes the consequences of shared actions for the acting members, and it is centrally concerned with how individuals can extricate themselves from social entanglements and gain control over their actions.
CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM ORIENTADA POR DESIGN-BASED RESEARCH SOBRE O TEMA EXOPLANETAS
Authors: Costa Caetano Thiago , Meidem Silva Ícaro , José Corradi Barbosa Wagner , Pina da Silva Agenor , Cardoso Moreira Camila
Published: August 2024

No ano de 2007 foi criada a disciplina “Conceitos de Astronomia” no primeiro período do curso de licenciatura em Física da Universidade Federal de Itajubá como consequência de inúmeros trabalhos que apontam para a importância desse tema no ensino. Neste trabalho, apresentamos os aspectos da pesquisa relacionada às primeiras etapas da construção de uma sequência de ensino e aprendizagem (SEA) para a disciplina, que trata da formação de sistemas planetários e de algumas técnicas para a detecção de exoplanetas. A metodologia Design-Based Research (DBR) foi empregada para orientar a construção da sequência e, dadas a extensão da pesquisa e a profundidade das análises realizadas, optamos por dividir a apresentação dos resultados em duas partes. Neste momento, limitamo-nos às três fases iniciais da DBR, sendo que a terceira fase – compreensão do problema – é onde estão concentrados os aspectos mais relevantes da pesquisa neste momento. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades de aprendizagem ligadas à representação em escala de sistemas planetários e para fragilidades ligadas ao pensamento geométrico-espacial. A partir desses resultados, uma série de parâmetros foi obtida para subsidiar as fases posteriores da pesquisa, a saber, a concepção, implementação e avaliação da SEA. Um sistema estrela-planeta robotizado também foi desenvolvido por nossa equipe para auxiliar os estudantes na visualização do fenômeno, iniciativa esta que decorre da constatação de que os estudantes apresentam certa dificuldade relacionada ao pensamento abstrato. O projeto e os algoritmos desenvolvidos são apresentados neste trabalho e estão disponíveis gratuitamente.
Thermal Dynamics in Optical Networks
Authors: Mohammed Abdulrazak A. , QasMarrogy Ghassan A.
Published: August 2024

The signal distribution of any fiber-optic network system is an important factor in optical communication, which determines the quality of the optical signal transmission. One of the important effects is the temperature degrees; that effect is on the main parameters of optical communication (of which the fiber optic is the main part). The main material in fiber optics is glass. And as is well known, temperature has a strong effect on the glass, especially the core of fiber optics, because the structure of fiber optics contains several glass layers with different refractive indexes. Hence, in the present article, the effect of temperature on the optical signal and other components of the optical network system has been analyzed and studied. The analysis includes aberration, dispersion, and distortion of the optical network communication signal. The result has been discussed and analyzed for variables in the BW of the spectral when the temperature changed.
Toward Optimizing Coarse Aggregate Types and Sizes in High-strength Concrete
Authors: Hamakareem Madeh , Muhedin Daban , Hama Rash Ahmed , Qadir Sangar , Khodakarami Loghman
Published: August 2024

The development of very effective coarse aggregate types and sizes can lead to a rapid increase in the production of high strengthconcrete (HSC). This research investigates the effects of five different coarse aggregate types and a range of maximum coarse aggregate sizes on the mechanical properties of concrete through experimental tests and numerical analysis. The workability of fresh concrete is examined using the slump cone test, whereas the mechanical performance of hardened concrete is assessed through compressive strength and splitting tensile strength tests. The experimental results are compared to the predicted results from the codes and design guidelines to assess their predictions. Both coarse aggregate types and sizes show a significant influence on the mechanical properties of HSC performance, especially the compressive strength of HSC, which could be increased on average by 25%. Moreover, the predictions of splitting tensile strength using the ACI 318 and ACI 363 equations are not very accurate, particularly at a high strength range. Therefore, this study develops a new equation for predicting splitting tensile strength based on both experimental test results conducted in this research and a significant amount of data collected from the literature. Evaluation metrics, including R2, RMSE, MAPE, and MAE, demonstrate the superior accuracy of the proposed equation compared to the design guidelines equations. The findings of this research can contribute toward the optimization of aggregate type and size in concrete mix design for enhanced performance and provide valuable insights into the relationship between compressive and splitting tensile strengths in HSC.
Theoretical analysis of the interaction forces of weeds and volatiles upon impact on the grate.
Authors: Kerimov H. K. ,   Azerbaijan Technological University, Ganja Azerbaijan
Published: August 2024

In recent years, a trend has emerged based on the method of imparting mobility (degree of freedom) to the grate. The practical implementation of this method is carried out in two ways: a grate where the grates receive movement under the influence of a technological load, and in the second when the grate is forced. The work theoretically and experimentally investigated the impact interaction of raw cotton with grates. Typically, in grate-serk type cleaners, raw cotton is cleaned by striking clogged flywheels mounted on a serrated set against stationary grates. The article examines the process of impact interaction of a clogged fly with a grate having forced rotation. Formulas have been proposed for determining shock pulses acting on fly and impurities when hitting a grate with forced rotation. This will allow us to find ways to increase the cleaning effect of using a grate with forced rotation in a cotton ginning unit. Formulas have been obtained for determining the shock impulses acting on fly and impurities when hitting a grate with forced rotation. The values of impact forces are determined, calculated depending on the diameter and rotation speed. The cleaning effect of using a grate with forced rotation in a cotton ginning unit is 95.5–97.5 %.
Development of methods for monitoring of the moment of occurrence of self-oscillation of the cold rolling mill.
Authors: Vishnyakov C. G. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk Russian Federation, Tretyakov D. A , Vasilyeva S. V. , Ivanov A. I. , Vasiliev V. A. , Rubanov D. V. ,   Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, Magnitogorsk Russian Federation,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   SIGMA Scientific Research Center, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation,   IBA company, Lipeck Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

In a cold rolling mill, self-oscillations occur when the rolling speed of a thin strip is manually increased. The thickness of the lining is usually no more than 2–2.5 mm. The oscillation spectrum is quite wide. The first harmonic is 120 Hz. During the control of vibration and technological parameters, a rigid relationship was revealed between the vibration of the elements of the mill stands with the vibration displacement of the hydraulic tensioned (GNU) of the working rolls and fluctuations in the tension level of the rolled strip. The regular control of the movement of wildebeest makes 200 measurements per second. In accordance with Kotelnikov's theorem, the frequency band of the spectral characteristic in this case is 100 Hz. Fluctuations in the tension level of the rolled strip allows you to control the frequency band in the range from 0 to 43 Hz, no more. This is clearly not enough to reliably control the moment of occurrence of selfoscillations. The existing control system for technological parameters has an internal resource for the frequency of polling when forming a database. Using software, it was possible to increase the frequency of the survey of vibration displacements of wildebeest to 1000 measurements per second. In this case, the frequency band of the spectral characteristic covers the range from 0 to 500 Hz. This allows you to control not only the first harmonic of 120 Hz, but also the higher harmonics up to 400–500 Hz. Fluctuations in the tension level of the rolled strip after switching to a faster controller resource made it possible to increase the polling frequency to 250 measurements per second. Thus, it is also possible to reliably control the first harmonic of the resulting self-oscillations through this channel. An analysis of the process of self-oscillation has shown that the cause of self-oscillation of the mill stands is a spontaneous fluctuation in the tension level of the rolled strip with a manual increase in the linear rolling speed. The vibrations of the mill stands are delayed relative to the fluctuations in the tension level from 2 to 3 seconds. Using discrete Fourier transform and short-range Fourier transform (STFT) algorithms, it is possible to reliably and timely recognize the moment of occurrence of self-oscillations.
Mathematical model of shock-vibration mechanism.
Authors: Asfandiyarov M. A ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation, Levshin I. E. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

This article considers a mathematical model of the operation of a shock-vibration mechanism for compacting bulk materials (including those that are difficult to deform) based on a four-link mechanism that includes an Archimedes lever. The schematic diagram of the shock-vibration mechanism, the principle of operation and its advantages, relative to similar compaction mechanisms, formulas for calculating the coefficients of increasing the driving force of the drive are given. A mathematical model of the mechanism consisting of geometric, kinematic and dynamic calculations is described. The necessary initial data for the calculation of the mathematical model are highlighted: the dimensions of the links of the mechanism (the radii of the crank and rocker arm, the length of the connecting rod), the masses and moments of inertia of these links, the compaction force. In the geometric calculation, the positions of the links of the mechanism in space are determined depending on the angle of rotation of the crank, the angles of deflection of the rocker arm, the connecting rod relative to the initial position during operation of the mechanism, as well as the positions of the links in space. Kinematic calculation includes the determination of angular velocities and accelerations by differentiating the angles of deviation of the links relative to the initial position, as well as linear velocities and accelerations of the links of the mechanism and at special points. Based on the dynamic calculation, the necessary torque and power are determined, taking into account the force required for pressing, inertial forces and moments, and gravity. During the work, the following operating conditions of the mechanism were highlighted, namely, the maximum lifting angle of the working plate should not exceed 20°, the optimal position of the crank at the end of the working stroke to achieve maximum pressing force, it is necessary to install a flywheel to prevent sudden fluctuations and peak loads.
Prediction of vibration behavior of the case of a promising automatic transmission of a truck based on the method of modal representation of a dynamic system.
Authors: Trusevich I. A. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg Russian Federation, Taratorkin I.A. , Taratorkin A.I. , Derzhansky V.B. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg Russian Federation,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg Russian Federation,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

This study is one of the stages of research work to create a verified mathematical model of a promising automatic transmission of a truck, which should adequately describe its vibroacoustic behavior during operation. The article presents the results of an experimental study and simulation of the vibration behavior of a promising automatic transmission. The conditions for conducting an experimental study and the results of processing experimental data for 1st gear are given, which make it possible to evaluate the change in the spectrum of characteristic points of the case depending on the rotational frequency, the dynamics of changes in vibration accelerations during acceleration and deceleration, determine the orders of vibration with the largest amplitudes, identify sources of disturbance and justify the need to consider vibrations in a wide range of frequencies for vibration forms of similar frequencies. Based on the simulation results, the vibration forms of the case and the magnitude of vibration accelerations at characteristic points were obtained, verification was carried out and reasonable modifications were made to the mathematical model, and satisfactory accuracy was ensured, allowing us to proceed to the final stage of the study – simulation the acoustic response. Based on the results of the research stage, valuable scientific and technical results were obtained – the order spectra with the largest amplitude were determined – the 45th and 90th order for all gears, with the exception of 6th gear, where the 65th order dominates; sources of disturbance have been identified – engagement of the input shaft gear with the power take-off shaft gear of the oil pump (45th order and multiples of it, up to the 5th harmonic), engagement of the input shaft with the intermediate shaft in 6th gear (65th order), determined the reason for the discrepancy between the results obtained experimentally and by simulation.
Exercise‐induced changes in intramuscular total creatine concentration measured with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: A pilot study
Authors: Lin Xi , Zhang Jiaying , Kong Xiangwei , Li Yanbin , Xu Xueqin , Du Lianjun , Zhang Jeff L.
Published: August 2024

Total amount of creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine, or total creatine (tCr), may have a significant impact on the performance of skeletal muscles. In sports such as bodybuilding, it is popular to take Cr supplements to maintain tCr level. However, no study has explored the quantitative relationship between exercise intensity and the induced change in muscle's tCr. In this well‐controlled study, straight‐leg plantar flexion with specific load and duration was performed by 10 healthy subjects inside an MRI scanner, immediately followed by 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) for measuring tCr concentration in gastrocnemius. For repeatability assessment, the experiment was repeated for each subject on two different days. Across all the subjects, baseline tCr was 46.6 ± 2.4 mM, ranging from 40.6 to 50.1 mM; with exercise, tCr significantly decreased by 10.9% ± 1.0% with 6‐lb load and 21.0% ± 1.3% with 12‐lb load (p < 0.0001). Between two different days, baseline tCr, percentage decrease induced by exercise with a 6‐lb and 12‐lb load differed by 2.2% ± 2.3%, 11.7% ± 6.0% and 4.9% ± 3.2%, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed protocol of controlled exercise stimulation and MRS acquisition can reproducibly monitor tCr level and its exercise‐induced change in skeletal muscles. The measured tCr level is sensitive to exercise intensity, so can be used to quantitatively assess muscle performance or fatigue.
Accelerating regional weather forecasting by super-resolution and data-driven methods
Authors: Mikhaylov Artem , Meshchaninov Fedor , Ivanov Vasily , Labutin Igor , Stulov Nikolai , Burnaev Evgeny , Vanovskiy Vladimir
Published: August 2024

At present, computationally intensive numerical weather prediction systems based on physics equations are widely used for short-term weather forecasting.
In this paper, we investigate the potential of accelerating the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model using machine learning techniques.
Two main approaches are considered. First, we assess the viability of complete replacing the numerical weather model with deep learning models, capable of predicting the full range forecast directly from basic initial data.
Second, we consider a “super-resolution” technique involving low-resolution WRF computation and a machine learning based downscaling using coarse-grid forecast for conditioning. The process of downscaling is intrinsically an ill-posed problem.
In both categories, several prominent and promising machine learning methods are evaluated and compared on real data from a variety of sources. for the Moscow region
Namely, in addition to the ground truth WRF forecasts that were utilized for training, we compare the model predictions against ERA5 reanalysis and measurements from local weather stations. We show that deep learning approaches can be successfully applied to accelerate a numerical model and even produce more realistic forecasts in other aspects.
As a practical outcome, this study offers empirically validated guidance for the selection and application of deep learning methods to accelerate the computation of detailed short-term atmospheric forecasts tailored to specific needs.
Identificación de herramientas de internacionalización del currículo implementadas en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Marín Yudi Amparo , Flórez Rendón Andrea Lucia , Vizcaíno Figueroa Juan José , Correa Hincapié Natalia , Guerra Bretaña Rosa Mayelín
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the article is to reflect and analyze the concept and tools of internationalization of the curriculum in higher education. The defined methodology was based on a systematic review of the literature of some pioneering texts, specialized publications and institutional repositories, based on defined search descriptors. This review constitutes an opportunity to systematize the tools used for the internationalization of the curriculum in higher education institutions and investigate how these contribute to the quality of their substantive functions. Among the findings, we can highlight the identification of the dimensions of the internationalization of the curriculum, the participation and responsibilities of teachers, students and administrators, the tools used by institutions for the insertion of the curriculum and their actors in global environments. The comparability of studies between institutions, virtual education, academic committees, international collaborative learning and business practices in international environments stand out among the most used tools. The internationalization of the curriculum is recognized as a characteristic of the quality of higher education institutions.
La responsabilidad civil y la ética en la inteligencia artificial: una revisión sistemática de las ideas del período 2018-2023
Authors: Zabala Leal Tatiana Dulima , Gómez Macfarland Carla Angélica
Published: August 2024

The research reviewed theoretical studies published between 2019 and 2022 on civil liability and ethics in the development of artificial intelligence (AI), analyzing 490 documents from various databases. The need to establish regulatory mechanisms to ensure accountability in the development of AI applications was identified. In response, the implementation of internal and external audits with reports accessible to users is proposed. This would contribute to increasing the reliability of applications, especially those with the potential to impact fundamental rights. The aim of the manuscript is to highlight the importance of these regulatory mechanisms in addressing the ethical and legal challenges associated with the development of AI, thus promoting greater transparency and accountability in this rapidly evolving field.