bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis del proceso de harina de yuca, sobre las propiedades sensoriales y nutricionales del casabe (Artículo Profesional)
Authors: Marcía Fuentes J.A. , Chavarría Carrión L.A. , Zumbado H.
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el desarrollo y determinación de la formulación idónea para la elaboración de casabe, así como la determinación del impacto de la cinética de secado sobre sus propiedades sensoriales. Se prepararon 3 formulaciones para su elaboración con yuca de la variedad Valencia (dulce) y yuca de la variedad Ceiba (amarga), para el diseño de mezcla se contó con tres variables; (harina de yuca, agua marina y ajo), donde se determinó a partir del balance másico-energético y  análisis sensorial con pruebas hedónicas aplicada a personas pertenecientes al pueblo Garífuna, que el casabe elaborado con yuca de la variedad Ceiba es el más aceptado, a la vez se estableció la temperatura de secado, velocidad de transferencia de calor y rendimiento en su elaboración. Posteriormente al casabe seleccionado se le determino porcentajes de humedad, materia seca, nitrógeno proteico, proteína, cruda, fibra, ceniza, grasa, almidón y energía bruta. Se comparó la calidad química del casabe hondureño con el venezolano, encontrándose diferencias en su composición y debido a su pobre valor nutricional, pudiera afectar la salud del pueblo Garífuna de Honduras.
Music Teacher Educator Perceptions of and Engagement With Culturally Responsive Education
Authors: Bond Vanessa L. , Russell Joshua A.
Published: July 2019

Culturally responsive education (CRE) has emerged as a significant thread in music education scholarship in recent years. Although researchers have gathered data about pedagogy and curriculum as it relates to CRE, music teacher educator perspectives have yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to describe music teacher educator perceptions of CRE, its importance, and application in practice. A secondary purpose was to describe music teacher educator comfort with and frequency of using strategies aimed to develop the dispositions and knowledge needed to be a culturally responsive teacher. Through a nationwide survey of 228 music teacher educators, we found that present engagement with CRE may reflect initial entry into the pedagogy, as participants reported greatest familiarity and comfort with elements that could be considered most accessible for teacher educators, such as a definition of CRE and CRE strategies that depend on general pedagogical knowledge. To move beyond surface-level interaction with CRE, music teacher educators must adapt a CRE lens through which they enact all facets of the teacher knowledge base.
Composers and “Microgénie”: A Study of the Symphonic Sound of French Cinema in the Thirties
Authors: Rossi Jerome
Published: July 2019

During the thirties, French cinema was mostly accompanied by small symphonic orchestras. Through the theoretical writings on “microgénie” (i.e., quality of a composition well-written for the microphone) and the scores of Arthur Honegger, we will try to define a conception of cinematic orchestral sound of this neoclassical composer and his contemporaries. While studying the number of musicians and the orchestral parts, the microphone positioning, the diversity of orchestral devices, and some musical writing principles, we will distinguish a “French film music sound” from the Hollywood orchestral sound of the same period.
Un pie en la calle y otro en la institución análisis socioespacial de una iniciativa municipalista
Authors: Roca Beltrán , Díaz-Parra Iban
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza el modo en que los movimientos sociales adaptan sus marcos de referencia cuando deciden participar en la arena electoral y la política institucional. Para ello, se estudia el caso de una agrupación de electores que en 2015 llegó al gobierno local en un municipio gaditano. El artículo propone el concepto de marcos espaciales de motivación, diagnóstico y pronóstico para estudiar la acción colectiva, combinando así la teoría del enmarcamiento y la teoría espacial. Este enfoque permite identificar las transformaciones de marco y las tensiones que experimentan los activistas cuando se enfrentan a la participación institucional, así como el papel de los discursos y prácticas espaciales en estas tensiones.
De grenzen van het deelgeschil: reactie op het artikel van Peter Knijp (TLP 2018/6)
Authors: Keizer J.G.
Published: July 2019

De grenzen van het deelgeschil: reactie op het artikel van Peter Knijp (TLP 2018/6)

Voor welke geschillen leent de deelgeschilprocedure zich, en onder welke omstandigheden is het zinvol, of juist niet zinvol, om een deelgeschilprocedure te starten?
Simulation of Void Detection System using Gamma-Ray Compton Scattering Technique
Authors: Sari Mona Berlian , Wirawan Rahadi , Waris Abdul , Kim Hong Joo , Djamal Mitra
Published: July 2019

A simple void detection system for concrete was successfully developed using high-penetration gamma rays with Compton scattering. This research attempted to identify a void in the subsurface of a concrete volume that could not be accessed from any of the sides. Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4 toolkit was performed to investigate the gamma-ray backscattering events. An NaI(Tl) detector was used with 60Co and 137Cs as gamma-ray sources. The void's location was successfully detected during material target scanning. Density discrepancies conduce variance of the backscattering peak produced due to the presence of a void. Compared to 60Co as the gamma-ray source, 137Cs is a better choice for application in NDT systems using Compton scattering.
Parametric Study of One-Dimensional Seismic Site Response Analyses Based on Local Soil Condition of Jakarta
Authors: Misliniyati Rena , Sahadewa Andhika , Hendriyawan Hendriyawan , Irsyam Masyhur
Published: July 2019

Seismic site response analysis is used to estimate the response of soil deposits during seismic loading at any depth of interest and to interpret time histories as well as response spectra. This type of analysis involves many parameters that can affect the character of ground shaking. It is important to know the effect of these parameters in order to perform reliable seismic hazard evaluation at a site. This paper presents the effects of several parameters toward the characteristics of surface response spectra based on the local soil conditions of Jakarta using a one-dimensional (1-D) site response model with total stress approach. A parametric study was performed on two cohesive soil deposit profiles with a different site class, namely medium clay (site SD) and soft clay (site SE). The bedrock layers of both profiles were located at a depth of 300 m. In this study, the analytical methods implemented were the equivalent-linear method and the non-linear method. Several different dynamics soil models were also implemented. In addition, variation of property parameters, such as depth of bedrock, shear wave velocity of bedrock, layer thickness, etc., were studied. The results of this study indicate that all of the studied parameters have a significant effect on the response spectra at the ground surface.
A escrita de direitos humanos na literatura brasileira contemporânea: o caso das narrativas de vida
Authors: Abreu Denise Borille de
Published: July 2019

Este artigo visa estabelecer aproximações entre literatura e direitos humanos, abordando tanto a produção crítica especializada quanto as narrativas literárias no Brasil contemporâneo. Posto que as classes dominantes destituem os sujeitos marginalizados do direito à livre expressão, e partindo da existência de condições desiguais de acesso ao mundo letrado e de representatividade nas configurações sociais do país, desde a época colonial até os dias atuais, buscou-se entender as formas narrativas particulares através das quais os sujeitos excluídos se pronunciam contra os poderes hegemônicos. Nesse aspecto, um enfoque especial é dado às “narrativas de vida” (life-writing), sobretudo por esse gênero ser alicerçado na subjetividade da experiência do sujeito que narra e aberto a um linguagem tão inovadora quanto heterogênea, polifônica e inclusiva.Palavras-chave: Direitos humanos. Narrativas de vida. Lugar de fala. Polifonia. Literatura brasileira.
O que nunca termina de chegar: sujeito e escrita na poesia de Paulo Hecker Filho
Authors: Barbosa Márcia Helena Saldanha
Published: July 2019

Na poesia de Paulo Hecker Filho, o inacabamento do ser humano, a tensão do sujeito lírico e a errância da escrita comparecem, constantemente, como temáticas, entre as quais se percebe uma complexa inter-relação. Além disso, em determinadas passagens da obra, essa instabilidade é encenada nos próprios versos do escritor. Para observar esses aspectos em livros publicados em diferentes momentos da trajetória do autor, analisam-se poemas que compõem a sua antologia, intitulada Poesia reunida (2014). A análise ampara-se, sobretudo, nos estudos teórico-críticos de Michel Collot, tomando, ainda, como suporte as teses de Dominique Combe, no que se refere, especificamente, à subjetividade lírica.
Diagnosis and proposal of erosion control downstream of the Park Alfredo Werner Nyffeler, in Maringá - Paraná
Authors: Valim Fernanda Assunção , Oriol Monigleicia Alcalde , Freire Cipriano José de Azevedo , Pompeu Cássia Rocha , Okawa Cristhiane Michiko Passos
Published: July 2019

The surface runoff role in the urban erosion in Northwest Paraná cities was strengthened by many factors, such as the establishment of the cities often in disaggregated soil areas, vegetation cover removal, soil surface impermeabilization caused by construction and poorly executed embankment areas. In Maringá, Paraná, in a bottom valley located near the park Alfredo Werner Nyffeler, there is an accelerated erosive process, damaging half of the urban drainage pipes, which are located around one meter far from the sidewalk. In that way, it poses a risk to the local population and may lead to a collapse of the drainage structure. Within this context, this work aims to diagnose and identify the possible aspects that caused these issues and to design a gabion wall to stem the significative erosive process occurring in the area. Thus, on-site data survey and laboratory analysis were carried out in order to characterize the soil and, by means of the software GawacWin, a gabion retaining wall in order to use it as a prompt, needed retaining measure was designed. The obtained results showed a lack of awareness by the local population in regard to the solid waste deposition, which accumulates downstream of the park. In addition, the drainage pipes could not cope with the peak flows, causing structural damage, leaks and uncovering the junction box. A silty clay embankment was found in the area, which is an expansive soil, contaminated with rubble and the soil compaction was not properly executed. It was used to level the area for the pipeline passage, contributing to the erosion. A gabion wall, with 6m high and 3m base, showed to be an efficient solution with regard to terrain loads. Furthermore, the price, simple construction and the easy merging with the environment are advantages for the gabion wall, when compared to other structural measures.
Blue and green infrastructure proposal for an urban watershed in São Paulo to peak flow reduction
Authors: Alencar Juliana De , Rizzi Daniela , Pereira Lívea , Vasconcelos Ivna Gadelha Diógenes , Peduto Thais Goya , Trindade Lessandro Morini , Becker Vanessa Constansa , Souza Murillo Henrique de , Madureira Ronaldo Gonçalves
Published: July 2019

The critical issue of floods in Brazilian cities is a consequence of an accelerated and disordered occupation and urbanization process, which results in excessive soil waterproofing, removal of riparian vegetation, silting of rivers and streams, water pollution, among others. In the last decades, the use of conventional drainage techniques has resulted in many problems, due to the fast flow of water to downstream and the pollutant loads that flow to the watercourses. Through Green Infrastructure it is possible to promote urban rainwater storage and infiltration, reducing the probability of flooding, and allowing for the retention of pollutants and consequent improvement of water quality in urban water systems. In this study, the application of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) techniques for the reduction of peak flow and improve the water quality are proposed for the Jacarezinho watershed, located in the Municipality of São Paulo. Hydrological simulations of the proposed solutions indicated a reduction of about 36% of the peak flow, which highlights the relevance of BGI. Unlike the Brazilian conventional drainage that practice the construction of monofunctional flood storage reservoirs (called in Brazil as “piscinões”), the BGI also promotes a harmonious and balanced interaction between the population and the urban landscape.
Use of starch manufacturer residue in the production of inoculating biofertilizer
Authors: Bueno Paulo Agenor Alves , Balestri Edgar Lopes , Rosiello Rafael De Almeida Vidal Feres , Silva Cristian Coelho , Gualdi Bruna Lopes , Oliveira Vitória Maria Almeida Teodoro de , Cristófoli Júlio Barreto , Sekine Elizabete Satsuki , Bueno Raquel De Oliveira
Published: July 2019

In the industrialization of cassava, effluents are generated capable of causing great impacts to the environment. One of these residues is called manipueira and its generation occurs by pressing the grated cassava mass. An alternative to the use of this industrial residue is its use as a culture medium in the multiplication of microorganisms useful in agriculture in the form of biological inoculants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different concentrations of manipueira used as substrate in the development of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the fungus Trichoderma spp as biological control agents and plant growth promoters, aiming at the low cost of the agricultural protection process. The tests were carried out by means of a triple plating technique in culture medium containing manipueira, molasses and distilled water in different concentrations for both biological agents. The efficiency of the method, substract and organisms was measured through the calculation of colony forming units (CFU). The maximum production of CFU of the fungus Trichoderma spp was 1.2x109 CFU.mL -1 in a concentration of 175mL.L -1 of manipueira, while for the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the maximum production reached 6.49x1011 CFU .mL -1 in culture with concentration of 125mL -1 of the residue. Compared to commercial inoculants with concentration around 1x108 CFU, the tested cultures were compatible with this value and still managed to overcome it, confirming its efficiency. Therefore, this is an excellent possibility to direct the use of environmental liabilities and to encourage the use of the biofertilizer by farmers who can produce it in their properties in an alternative way and with a low cost of production in relation to the commercial value.
Diagnosis of the public water supply in the city of Maringa, PR and its relation to the concept of smart cities
Authors: Nakahashi Roberto Takeshi , Rodrigues Júnior Alinor , Juliani Bruno Henrique Toná , Okawa Cristhiane Michiko Passos
Published: July 2019

With the development of cities in a more integrated and innovative management for urban sectors, the smart cities emerge, usually incorporating this evolution using the Information and Communication Technology (ICT), necessitating investments in technology and innovation in the public policies. In light of this context, the purpose of this paper was to carry out the diagnosis of the city of Maringa concerning innovation and the use of ICT in the potable water public supply sector. It was conducted interviews with the responsible for the concessionaire of the water supply in Maringa (SANEPAR), and also document evaluations. The results attest to the development of a project elaborated by SANEPAR in partnership with Parana Meteorologic System (SIMEPAR), with the intention of a more intelligent water supply system, that allows the prediction of possible floods in the water catchment plant by heavy rainfall. Thus, it can be concluded that there is the intention of implementing smart technologies, beginning with the protection to the catchment of the water, that can be extended to the operation of the whole water supply system of the municipality of Maringa.
Tracking Three Traditions in the Historiography of Education Toward Comparative Methods
Authors: Casalini Cristiano , Madella Laura
Published: July 2019

From the epistemological point of view, the field of history of education has always been one of the most challenging for scholarship to define.The roots of such a difficulty are multilayered and have barely emerged over time, but they have kept their grasp on the potential development of a field that could make an enormous contribution to the global understanding of one of the core practices of every human society.In this chapter, we will dig into these roots, cutting across epistemological and geo-cultural perspectives, in order to provide a scenario that might overcome the impasse that impedes the global recognition of the scholarly and academic field of the history of education, and put forward a tentative outline of an approach that could pave the way for such recognition. This approach is based on the comparative method. It is not anything new, as it dwells in the Enlightened attitude toward universalism and comparativism for global literature, historiography, philosophy, and so on. But it has paradoxically found very few chances so far to be applied in the literature of the history of education.This chapter will inquire into the reasons for this neglect, and outline an epistemology of a comparative method that might illustrate new ways of thinking about production for the future of the history of education.
Una introducción a los estudios de Educación Comparada en Alemania ("Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft")
Authors: Martí Marco María Rosario
Published: July 2019

Comparative Education is the disciplinary field that employs the comparative method as the dominant research procedure for scientific advancement in multidisciplinary and critical use. It concerns a brief diachronic incursion that is proceeding in Germany.  Its historiographical relevance is reflected by the bibliography of the German language in books as well as in articles. It is developed within the meta-theoretical and conceptual scope of the discipline, as well as in its continuity and modernity. To this end, the new globalization paradigm is outlined in the pluralistic society of the XXI century partly due to the population mobility. Allusion is made to the terminological evolution, to the relevance of Hilker's comparative model, to the programme of methodological approaches, the educational theories and to the comparative method in Germany nowadays. This is all to take place for the purpose of the labour market and for the training and research excellence context.
The Effects of Liquidity Risk and Interest-Rate Risk on Profitability and Firm Value among Banks in ASEAN-5 Countries
Authors: Ebenezer Olalere Oluwaseyi , Islam Md. Aminul , Yusoff Wan Sallha , Rahman Shafiqur
Published: July 2019

This study explores the issues relating to liquidity risk and interest-rate risk, recognizing that existing studies are mostly vague in emerging and developing markets. Panel data estimation technique is employed in the study based on data extracted from 63 commercial banks in ASEAN-5 countries over the period 2009 to 2017 making up to 567 observations. The empirical results reveal that loan to deposit ratio have a positive significant effect on firm value while liquid asset ratio, interest rate risk (net interest margin and asset interest yield) have a negative significant effect on firm value for ASEAN. The loan to deposit ratio have a positive significant impact on return on asset, interest rate risk and banks size have a significant negative effect on return on asset for ASEAN banks while GDP and inflation have a positive significant effect on return on asset. Also, the liquidity risk have a negative significant effect on return on equity while the interest rate risk have a positive significant effect, bank size have a significant negative effect on return on equity while inflation rate have a positive significant impact on return on equity. Hence, this empirical study provides implications that emphasizes on the need for banks to adhere to prudential and regulatory guidelines and ensure corporate management with respect to liquidity exposure that is capable of critically affecting banks profitability and firm value. The dynamics of interest rate volatility in banks operating environment necessitates that financial institutions use sound risk management practices in order to obtain higher valuations, achieve better financial performance and experience diminished costs of financial distress that's useful for policy implementations in ASEAN economies and suggest that further study can explore the interaction between abnormal loan growth and non-performing loans with a robust econometrics model.
Diagnóstico da qualidade da água frente às alterações antrópicas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio São Nicolau
Authors: Santiago Cristiane Maria Cordeiro , Silva Edson Vicente da , Soares Leonardo Silva
Published: July 2019

A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio São Nicolau está localizada na região centro-norte do Piauí no domínio semiárido. Perfaz uma área aproximada de 5.389,8 km2 e abrange parte dos municípios de Assunção do Piauí, São Miguel do Tapuio, Pimenteiras, Aroazes, Santa Cruz dos Milagres e São João da Serra. A água doce é um recurso escasso, sendo necessários estudos visando um planejamento e gestão adequado e condizente com a realidade local. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar o diagnóstico da qualidade da água dos principais poços d’água e mananciais que abastecem a população inserida na bacia hidrográfica do rio São Nicolau- semiárido piauiense relacionando às condições socioambientais na mesma. Foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, visitas de campo para coleta de materiais e análise de água dos poços e mananciais no período de estiagem e no período chuvoso. Foram analisados pH, temperatura, salinidade, Sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), condutividade, amônia e nitrito de 16 amostras. Com densidade demográfica ainda baixa e maior parte das terras ocupada pela agropecuária e o extrativismo, ao analisar a qualidade da água na bacia, observou-se, de modo geral, um recurso ainda conservado. Entretanto, alguns poços e fontes apresentaram em alguns parâmetros valores acima do limite recomendado para a potabilidade. Onze deles exibiram condutividade acima do permitido, sobretudo no período chuvoso. O investimento em infraestrutura viária, o planejamento e gestão atuantes na área, em prol de uma exploração dos recursos tendo como base a realidade da unidade em termos geoambientais e socioeconômicos, certamente conseguirão construir um modelo de desenvolvimento pautado no uso sustentável dos recursos, de modo a manter os padrões aceitáveis de potabilidade da água da região.
Composição mineral de alface hidropônica irrigadas com o concentrado da dessalinização de águas salobras
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Vieira , França Kepler Borges , Lima Sonáli Amaral de
Published: July 2019

O uso de águas subterrâneas é uma alternativa para suprir a escassez hídrica em regiões semiáridas. Águas salobras são usualmente encontradas na exploração de águas subterrâneas no Nordeste do Brasil. A dessalinização via osmose inversa torna-se indispensável para o tratamento de água salobras. Com a dessalinização há a formação de água potável e do concentrado que possui níveis elevados de sais dissolvidos e pode causar impactos ambientais se descartado de forma inadequada. O uso do concentrado pode ser uma alternativa para o cultivo de alface em sistema hidropônico pela técnica de fluxo laminar de nutrientes. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a concentração mineral nas folhas de alface cultivadas com o concentrado da dessalinização via osmose inversa. As variedades estudadas foram a crespa 'crocante' e americana 'gloriosa'. Avaliaram-se cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica a partir da diluição do concentrado (0,1; 1,1; 2,1; 3,1 e 4,1 mS cm 1) com delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com três repetições. O manejo dos níveis dos tratamentos consistiu em preparar a solução nutritiva e na reposição do consumo hídrico. Em geral, a concentração de potássio, sódio, cloreto, cálcio, ferro e magnésio, aumentaram com o incremento unitário de condutividade elétrica para as duas variedades estudadas e podem indicar a possibilidade do uso de água salobra nos níveis estudados para produção de alface hidropônica em regiões de acesso restrito de água doce.
Princípios de lean manufacturing em uma empresa do setor cimenteiro
Authors: Pinto Paola de Oliveira , Oliveira Ualison Rébula
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem como propósito o estudo das filas de veículos em uma balança rodoviária de uma indústria cimenteira localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em que através de um estudo de caso, objetiva-se a otimização dos processos desta balança. O objetivo principal é a eliminação destas filas de veículos, estabelecendo um conjunto de atividades essenciais padrão para a boa execução do fluxo de produção e transporte, dentro da capacidade operacional, excluindo o desperdício, a fim de obter um processo otimizado na balança da área interessada. Como ferramentas deste trabalho, foram utilizadas o Estudo de Tempos de Movimentos, como instrumento básico para levantamento das informações e análise do cenário; e tópicos da cultura Lean Thinking, como método de avaliação das atividades essenciais ao processo e as causas de desperdício. Além delas, porém não menos importantes, empregou-se as ferramentas de Brainstorm, Matriz de Decisão e 5W1H, como levantamento, priorização e gerenciamento dos projetos de melhoria. Os resultados mostraram as principais causas de desperdício, culminando, principalmente, na mudança do modal de transporte e no sequenciamento de atividades. Por fim, conclui-se que as filas de veículos geravam uma interrupção indesejada na execução do fluxo, sendo necessário algumas ações para aumento de produtividade do setor da balança rodoviária.
Nível de evidenciação voluntária de responsabilidade social nas empresas de capital aberto do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lopes Thais Aparecida , Lumbiere Leandro , Craco Tânia , Motta Marta Elizete Ventura da , Biegelmeyer Uiliam Hahn
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar o nível de evidenciação voluntária de informações sobre responsabilidade social nas empresas de capital aberto do Rio Grande do Sul, participante do grupo Ethos, no ano de 2013. Nessa pesquisa, foi utilizada a amostra das empresas associadas ao Instituto Ethos, com ações negociadas na BMF& BOVESPA, do ano de 2013, num total de seis empresas. Os objetivos foram atingidos através de duas técnicas utilizadas: documental, em relatórios anuais e descritiva, além do processo de pesquisa quantitativa. A análise foi feita a partir da média geral de evidenciação, apresentada pelas empresas da pesquisa, ou seja, a média ponderada. Como resultado obtido as empresas que mais evidenciaram foram a Vivo Rio Grande do Sul e o BRDE. Já os indicadores mais evidenciados foram os relacionados à “Saúde e Segurança dos Empregados”, com 100% de evidenciação; “Remuneração e Benefícios”,“Condições de Trabalho, Qualidade de Vida e Jornada de Trabalho”, “Compromisso com o Desenvolvimento da Comunidade e Gestão das Ações Sociais”. Todos com 83% de evidenciação. Diante das informações obtidas com os indicadores mais evidenciados, constatou-se que as empresas analisadas parecem dar mais importância para o bem estar dos seus funcionários e da comunidade, contribuindo com estudos, saúde, treinamentos, remuneração, entre outros. Os indicadores menos evidenciados, “Demissões e Aposentadoria” e “Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Fornecedores”, indicam que as empresas talvez não entendam ser importante a divulgação desses dados para seus acionistas e demais stakeholders.
A agroindústria familiar e práticas cotidianas: uma análise sob a ótica da teoria da atividade
Authors: Da Silva Cardoso Virginia Arlinda , Cardoso Alaércio de Sousa , De Loreto Maria das Dores Saraiva , Bifano Amélia Carla Sobrinho
Published: July 2019

O estudo do cotidiano se insere no campo acadêmico, como forma de conhecer a dinâmica presente no interior dos grupos. Assim sendo, objetivou-se com esse estudo analisar a estrutura básica das atividades desenvolvidas pelos membros de uma padaria artesanal, em suas atividades cotidianas, considerando as arenas e cenários relativos à reprodução social. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a entrevista, observação direta e aplicação da Teoria da Atividade para avaliação das atividades desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos. Os resultados apontaram que as atividades realizadas pelo grupo são, em sua maioria, conjuntas, uma vez que trabalham em regime de cooperação, mesmo existindo atividades que são distintas entre os membros, além de cargos explícitos e implícitos que se estabeleceram devido às habilidades dos sujeitos e ao poder delegado a eles pelos demais membros do grupo.
Effect of Alemtuzumab Infusions on Vital Signs
Authors: Chinea Angel , Honeycutt William David , Miller Tamara , Graves Donna , Jacobs Alan , Wu Junlong , LaGanke Christopher C.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Alemtuzumab efficacy and safety were established in phase 3 randomized trials. We characterize vital signs during and after the first alemtuzumab infusion course.

Methods:

Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis commercially prescribed alemtuzumab 12 mg/day on 5 consecutive days (initial course) were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Preinfusion medications included methylprednisolone, antihistamine, and antipyretics. Primary end point: change from precourse baseline in vital signs during and 2 hours after each alemtuzumab infusion. Secondary end points: infusion duration and serious adverse events (AEs) starting within 24 hours and within 7 days after infusion (AEs collected up to 15 days after treatment). Potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities were based on predefined thresholds from literature review.

Results:

In the 304 patients treated, minimal increases in mean systolic (≤8 mm Hg) and diastolic (≤3 mm Hg) blood pressures from precourse baseline were observed on infusion days 3 to 5. An increase in mean heart rate (20 beats per minute) during the first infusion day normalized by day 2, and smaller increases (5 beats per minute) occurred during subsequent infusions. Serious AEs occurred in two patients (0.7%) during or within 24 hours after infusion and in three patients (1.0%) within 7 days. Mean/median infusion duration was 4 hours. Vital sign abnormalities with potential clinical significance occurred in 62.5% of patients.

Conclusions:

Although most patients had potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities, mean changes from baseline during and after infusion of the first alemtuzumab course were clinically insignificant. No new safety signals were detected.
Penyakit Arteri Perifer dan Mortalitas Kardiovaskular pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2
Authors: Yunir Em , Esa Dekta Filantropi , Prahasary Adelia Nova , Tahapary Dicky Levenus
Published: July 2019

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi makrovaskular diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskular. Pemeriksaan ankle-brachial index (ABI) merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang sederhana dan mudah dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis PAD. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengetahui tingkat mortalitas kardiovaskular pasien DMT2 dengan PAD. Dari hasil penelusuran literatur, didapatkan tujuh literatur. Studi Bundo dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,45 (interval kepercayaan [IK] 95%: 0,84-7,17). Studi Mostaza dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,64 (IK 95%: 0,64-4,49). Studi Aboyans dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,21 (IK 95%: 1,16-4,22). Studi Mohammedi dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,35 (IK 95%: 1,15-1,60). Studi Quiles dkk melaporkan hasil HR 6,61 (IK 95%: 2,47-17,72). Studi Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil  RR 3,53 (IK 95%: 1,80-6,91). Studi lanjutan Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil  RR 4,06 (IK 95%: 2,67-6,18). Dari hasil studi tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasien DMT2 yang disertai dengan PAD akan meningkatkan mortalitas kardiovaskular, serta nilai ABI dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen stratifikasi independen mortalitas kardiovaskularKata Kunci:Ankle brachial index, diabetes melitus tipe 2, mortalitas kardiovaskular, penyakit arteri perifer Peripheral Arterial disease and Cardiovascular Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes MellitusPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is one of the simple and widely available tool to diagnose PAD. The authors aim to find out the cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patient with PAD. Bundo et al. study found HR 2.45 (95% CI: 0.84 to 7.17). Mostaza et al. study reported HR 1.64 (95% CI: 0.64 to 4.49). Aboyans et al. study declared HR 2.21 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.22). Mohammedi K et al. claimed HR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.60). Quiles et al. found HR 6.61 (95% CI: 2.47 to 17.72). Mueller et al. study reported  RR 3,53 (95% CI: 1.80 to 6.91). Mueller et al. study reported  RR 4,06 ( 95% CI: 2.67 to 6.18).  In conclusion, the mortality risk in T2DM patients with PAD is higher compared to those without PAD. Moreover, an ankle-brachial index can be used as an independent stratification tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular mortality
Penanda Respons Imun Perifer pada Penyakit Kronik: Sudahkah Dapat Menjadi Pedoman Adanya Inflamasi Sistemik?
Authors: Rachman Andhika
Published: July 2019

Depresi merupakan penyakit yang sering ditemui di praktik sehari-hari pada pasien dengan penyakit kronik.Keadaan ini memengaruhi kualitas hidup, baik anak maupun dewasa.
Understanding Ultraviolet Radiation Dorsal Foot Injury at the Beach
Authors: Allen Timothy , Jackson Neil , Wagner Richard
Published: July 2019

Background:

Efforts made to protect the dorsal aspect of the foot are currently unknown. We sought to determine whether beachgoers protect the dorsal aspect of their feet as frequently as other anatomic sites.

Methods:

A convenience sample of Galveston, Texas, beachgoers completed anonymous surveys to assess whether the dorsal foot was at risk for ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) injury. Additional information collected included demographics and general knowledge about skin cancer to determine if these variables were significantly correlated with dorsal foot protection from UV-R injury.

Results:

Of 216 respondents, only 103 used a topical UV-R barrier on their dorsal feet, while 183 applied sunscreen to the body and 133 applied sunscreen to the legs. Eighty-seven of 113 nonusers explained, “I did not think about it.” The average number of applications of sunscreen per person to the dorsal feet was less than other anatomical body sites (1.19 body applications, 0.86 leg applications, and 0.58 dorsal feet applications per person; P < .001). 58.0% of females applied sunscreen to the dorsal feet compared with only 36.5% of males (P = .001). Self-identifying Fitzpatrick skin type 5 or 6 individuals did not apply sunscreen to the dorsal foot as regularly as individuals with types 1 to 4 (84.6% versus 47.6%; P = .0001).

Conclusions:

Current skin cancer epidemiology pairs the feet and the legs together as “lower extremity.” For epidemiologic purposes, however, feet and legs should be considered distinct areas in UV-R research because they may use different photoprotection strategies.
Design of a Three-Dimensional–Printed Surgical Glove for Minimal-Incision Podiatric Surgery
Authors: Ferrer-Torregrosa Javier , Garcia-Vicente Sergio , Fernández-Ehrling Nadia , Torralba-Estellés Javier , Barrios Carlos
Published: July 2019

Background:

Precision in minimal-incision surgery allows surgeons to achieve accurate osteotomies and patients to avoid risks. Herein, a surgical guide for the foot is designed and validated in vitro using resin foot models for hallux abducto valgus surgery.

Methods:

Three individuals with different experience levels (an undergraduate student, a master's student, and an experienced podiatric physician) performed an Akin osteotomy, a Reverdin osteotomy, and a basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal.

Results:

The average measurements of each osteotomy and the angle of the basal osteotomy do not reveal significant differences among the three surgeons. A shorter deviation from the planned measurements has been observed in variables corresponding to the Akin osteotomy (the maximum deviation in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.67 mm, and the maximum deviation from the proximal lateral end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.00 mm). As for the Reverdin osteotomies, the maximum deviations in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline were 3.60 and 3.53 mm in the expert and undergraduate surgeons, respectively. All of the osteotomies were precise among the groups, reducing the learning curve to the maximum.

Conclusions:

The three-dimensional–printed prototype has been proven effective in guiding surgeons to perform different types of osteotomies. Minimal deviations from the predefined osteotomies were found among the three surgeons.
2HybridTools, a handy software to facilitate clone identification and mutation mapping from yeast two-hybrid screening
Authors: Cauchy Pierre , Kahn-Perlès Brigitte , Ferrier Pierre , Imbert Jean , Lécine Patrick
Published: July 2019

Yeast Two-Hybrid (Y2H) and reverse Two-Hybrid (RY2H) are powerful protein–protein interaction screening methods that rely on the interaction of bait and prey proteins fused to DNA binding (DB) and activation domains (AD), respectively. Y2H allows identification of protein interaction partners using screening libraries, while RY2H is used to determine residues critical to a given protein–protein interaction by exploiting site-directed mutagenesis. Currently, both these techniques still rely on sequencing of positive clones using conventional Sanger sequencing. For Y2H, a screen can yield several positives; the identification of such clones is further complicated by the fact that sequencing products usually contain vector sequence. For RY2H, obtaining a complete sequence is required to identify the full range of residues involved in protein–protein interactions. However, with Sanger sequencing limited to 500–800 nucleotides, sequencing is usually carried from both ends for clones greater than this length. Analysis of such RY2H data thus requires assembly of sequencing products combined with trimming of vector sequences and of low-quality bases at the beginning and ends of sequencing products. Further, RY2H analysis requires collation of mutations that abrogate a DB/AD interaction. Here, we present 2HybridTools, a Java program with a user-friendly interface that allows addressing all these issues inherent to both Y2H and RY2H. Specifically, for Y2H, 2HybridTools enables automated identification of positive clones, while for RY2H, 2HybridTools provides detailed mutation reports as a basis for further investigation of given protein–protein interactions.
The Hepatotoxic Effect of Sildenafil Citrate and Its Combination with Tramadol on Male Wistar Rats is Ameliorated with Vitamin E Supplementation
Authors: Nwangwa J. N. , Udefa A. L. , Obi P. M. , Obeten C. E. , Okpa S.
Published: July 2019

Aims: This study investigated the effect of vitamin E on serum liver enzymes and bilirubin concentrations in male Wistar rats treated with sildenafil citrate (SC) and a combination of SC and tramadol on the background that these drugs cause oxidative damage to the liver.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=5) thus: control (0.2 ml vehicle – olive oil), SC-treated group (Sil) (10 mg/kg of SC), SC+tramadol-treated group (Sil+Tra) (10 mg/kg of SC and 20 mg/kg of tramadol), vitamin E-treated group (Vit E) (100mg/kg of vitamin E), SC+vitamin E-treated group (Sil+Vit E) (received SC and vitamin E) and SC+tramadol+vitamin E-treated group (Sil+Tra+Vit E) (received SC, tramadol and vitamin E). Drugs were administered orally once daily for four weeks after which blood samples were obtained and used to measure serum concentrations of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and bilirubin.

Results: Serum AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin (TB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) concentrations were significantly (p<0.001) increased in Sil and Sil+Tra compared with control and Vit E and significantly (p<0.01) decreased in Sil+Vit E and Sil+Tra+Vit E compared with Sil and Sil+Tra. Serum conjugated bilirubin (CB) concentration and percentage conjugation of bilirubin significantly decreased (p<0.001) in Sil and Sil+Tra compared with control and Vit E and increased (p<0.01) in Sil+Vit E and Sil+Tra+Vit E compared with Sil and Sil+Tra.

Conclusion: SC, administered separately and in combination with tramadol altered liver function. However, vitamin E supplementation was able to ameliorate this alteration in liver function.
Antiviral Effect of Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in Broilers
Authors: Faeji C. O. , Oladunmoye M. K. , Adebayo I. A. , Adebolu T. T.
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease of economic importance in poultry industry worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the antiviral potential of n-hexane leaf extract from Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus).

Methodology: A hundred and twenty day old broiler chickens were purchased and raised for the experiment. At four weeks, the birds were randomly assigned into 12 groups of 10 birds each. Chickens in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were vaccinated while those in 5, 6, 7, and 8 were left unvaccinated. Groups 9 and 10 served as the positive controls while 11 and 12 as the negative controls. All groups except the negative control were infected. To study the prophylactic effect of the extract, chickens in groups 1 and 5 received 250 mg/l while those in groups 2 and 6 received 500 mg/l of leaf extract for fourteen days before experimental infection. The chickens in groups 3 and 7 received 250 mg/l while those in groups 4 and 8 received 500 mg/l of leaf extract for fourteen days after infection with ND virus to assess the therapeutic effect of the extract. Clinical signs, bodyweight changes and mortality rates were documented. Antibody titers against the virus were determined and postmortem examination was conducted.

Results: Results revealed reduction in mortality rates following administration of the n-hexane extract after the challenge. Prophylactic administration of the extract was more effective in reducing the mortality rates of birds due to the virus infection compared to the therapeutic administration. Similarly, antibody titers decreased in a dosage dependent pattern in the prophylactic group.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that the n-hexane leaf extract from P. amarus has significant antiviral potentials against ND virus in broiler chickens and that prophylactic administration at 500 mg/l might be a safer approach in utilization of the leaf extract against Newcastle disease.
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Corchorus olitorius Leaves on Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidaemic Activities in Albino Rats
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Akinmolayan Joanne D. , Ogbuagu Emmanuel O. , Airaodion Edith O. , Ogbuagu Uloaku , Awosanya Olaide O.
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study sought to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidaemic effect of methanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves in Albino rats.

Methods: Fresh plants of C. olitorius were harvested from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The leaves were dried and extracted using soxhlet apparatus and methanol as the solvent. The methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 35°C with a yield of 2.17 g which represents a percentage yield of 8.68%. Ten adult male albino rats with body weight between 100 and 120 g were used for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of five rats each. Animals in group 1 were administered saline solution while those in group 2 were administered C. olitorius extract. The animals were exposed to the extract and saline solution at a dose of 3 mL per 100 g body weight 12 hourly via oral route of administration. After fourteen days of administration, the animals were fasted overnight and anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were determined using standard methods.

Results: C. olitorius leaves was observed to significantly lower fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride but increased HDL-cholesterol and HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio significantly when compared to those of the control group at p<0.05.

Conclusion: The result of this study implies that C. olitorius leaves are of significant health importance as far as hyperglucosemia and hyperlipidaemia is concerned. It could also be exceedingly helpful in the control of obesity and hypertension. This pharmacological study is a useful tool for further drug development from the natural plant products.
Serum Vitamin A Content among Malnourished and Healthy Children in Kisangani City, DRC
Authors: Mukunda F. Lusamaki , Solomo E. , Moleka Mosisi , Konde Omekomba , Likaka L. E. , Litua Bosuandole , Kalenga A. Kayisu , Agasa S. Batina , Tshilumba C. Kayembe
Published: July 2019

Summary: Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient needed by the body for various physiological functions. Its deficiency is associated with several functional disorders. The objective of this study is to determine blood vitamin A levels in malnourished and healthy children.

Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study, consisting of determining the vitamin A content in the blood of children suffering from malnutrition and those in good nutritional status. Our sampling was casual and 59 children aged 6 to 59 months were retained. Among them 30 healthy children chosen from those attending preschool consultation at U HC and 29 malnourished children from those followed at M TNU for the management of malnutrition. The serum vitamin A assay was performed according to the method described by Tietz. Children with serum vitamin A level below 30 μg / 100 ml had vitamin A deficiency and those with a serum level greater than or equal to 30 μg / 100 ml had good vitamin A status. Percent, average and standard deviation calculations were performed. The Chi square statistical test was used to compare serum vitamin A content in healthy and malnourished children, as well as other maternal parameters for a significance level of 0.05. 

Results: from 59 children examined, 30 or 50.8% were 6-17 months old, the average age was 21.9 ± 13 months. 45.7% had a serum retinol level between 50-59 μg/100 ml; the average value was 46.84 μg ± 14.27.  The prevalence of VAD was 20.3% and this deficit was more marked in children aged 6-17 months that is 50% (P<0.014). Among 12 children with VAD, 10 or 83.3% were the wealthy and two were the malnourished, the difference was statically significant (P< 0.011).

Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency remains a major health problem in the DRC. This affect all children regardless of their current nutritional status. Supplementation with this vitamin remains one of the palliative solutions.