bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal behaviour investigation of spur gears with lumped parameter and finite element methods
Authors: TATAR Ali , TÜFEKÇİ Mertol
Published: March 2021

Computation of gear dynamic forces accurately and correct modal behaviour estimation require highly validated modelling techniques in gear dynamics. In this paper, linear modal behaviour of a spur gear pair under prescribed conditions is investigated with lumped parameter and finite element methods. The main aim of this study is to compare the modal analysis results of the spur gear pair with the lumped parameter and finite element methods. For this purpose, a six degrees of freedom dynamic model of a spur gear pair is created using the lumped parameter method. In this method, the gears are assumed to be rigid disks whereas the gear teeth contacts and bearings are considered as flexible, which are modelled with spring elements. Then, a 3D solid model of the spur gear pair is created using the finite element method for high fidelity numerical analyses. In the finite element method, the gears are modelled with flexible three-dimensional solid elements, which is one of the main differences between the two methods. To remove the nonlinearity in the gear pair system, the contact is simplified with a rigid bonding of nodes in the finite element model. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are calculated by linear modal analysis for both methods. The obtained results from the individual methods show that flexible gear body modes, which are seen at higher frequencies, can only be detected with the finite element method. The tooth modes in which the gear bodies acting as a rigid body can be detected successfully with the two methods.
Uniqueness theorems for some classes of nonlinear fractional differential equations in the Riemann-Liouville sense
Authors: ŞAN Müfit
Published: March 2021

In this study, some classes of Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations with right-hand side functions having a singularity with respect to their first variable and with a nonhomogeneous initial condition are considered. First, it is briefly stated that under which conditions the existence of a local continuous solution of this initial value problem occurs. Later, uniqueness theorems were developed in types of Krasnosel’skii-Krein, Kooi, Roger and Banaś-Rivero, respectively. These theorems improve the previously obtained results, and for their proofs pre-existing techniques are enriched by the tools of Lebesgue spaces.
Human Rights to Water Access in South Africa: Challenges and Critical Concerns
Authors: Ojo Tinuade Adekunbi
Published: March 2021

Many scholars have written on the challenges of ensuring access to water in South Africa, and much research has been done on the national water policy of the South African Government, yet major challenges facing the water sector persist. This study presents a human rights approach as a theoretical foundation for investigating the basic right to water access, with a specific focus on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the three tiers of governance. Existing literature on the history of water access was explored regarding the global as well as the South African history of water rights. The main focus of this study was SDG no. 6, which is related to issues regarding water access in South Africa. The study concluded that the human right of having access to water is a crucial issue to be treated with caution by the government in order for the poor to have basic infrastructure.
On “Protecting information: from classical error correction to quantum cryptography (authored by S. Loepp and W. Wootters)”
Authors: Milburn G.J.
Published: March 2021

Book Review
Probability estimates for Shor's algorithm
Authors: Bourdon P.S. , Williams H.T.
Published: March 2021

Let N be a (large) positive integer, let b be an integer satisfying 1< b < N that is relatively prime to N, and let r be the order of b modulo N. Finally, let QC be a quantum computer whose input register has the size specified in Shor's original description of his order-finding algorithm. In this paper, we analyze the probability that a single run of the quantum component of the algorithm yields useful information---a nontrivial divisor of the order sought. We prove that when Shor's algorithm is implemented on QC, then the probability P of obtaining a (nontrivial) divisor of $r$ exceeds $.7$ whenever N \ge 2^{11} and r\ge 40, and we establish that $.7736$ is an asymptotic lower bound for $P$. When $N$ is not a power of an odd prime, Gerjuoy has shown that $P$ exceeds 90 percent for $N$ and $r$ sufficiently large. We give easily checked conditions on N and r for this 90 percent threshold to hold, and we establish an asymptotic lower bound for $P$ of 2\Si(4\pi)/\pi ~0.9499 in this situation. More generally, for any nonnegative integer $q$, we show that when QC(q) is a quantum computer whose input register has $q$ more qubits than does QC, and Shor's algorithm is run on QC(q), then an asymptotic lower bound on P is 2\Si(2^{q+2}\pi)/\pi (if N is not a power of an odd prime). Our arguments are elementary and our lower bounds on P are carefully justified.
Universal quantum computation with electronic qubits in decoherence-free subspace
Authors: Zhang X.L. , Feng M. , Gao K.L.
Published: March 2021

We investigate how to carry out universal quantum computation deterministically with free electrons in decoherence-free subspace by using polarizing beam splitters, charge detectors, and single-spin rotations. Quantum information in our case is encoded in spin degrees of freedom of the electron-pairs which construct a decoherence-free subspace. We design building blocks for two noncommutable single-logic-qubit gates and a logic controlled phase gate, based on which a universal and scalable quantum information processing robust to dephasing is available in a deterministic way.
The complexity of quantum spin systems on a two-dimensional square lattice
Authors: Oliveira R. , Terhal B.M.
Published: March 2021

The problem 2-LOCAL HAMILTONIAN has been shown to be complete for the quantum computational class QMA. In this paper we show that this important problem remains QMA-complete when the interactions of the 2-local Hamiltonian are between qubits on a two-dimensional (2-D) square lattice. Our results are partially derived with novel perturbation gadgets that employ mediator qubits which allow us to manipulate k-local interactions. As a side result, we obtain that quantum adiabatic computation using 2-local interactions restricted to a 2-D square lattice is equivalent to the circuit model of quantum computation. Our perturbation method also shows how any stabilizer space associated with a k-local stabilizer (for constant k) can be generated as an approximate ground-space of a 2-local Hamiltonian.
Universal fault tolerant quantum computation on bilinear nearest neighbor arrays
Authors: Stephens A.M. , Fowler A.G. , Hollenberg L.C.L.
Published: March 2021

Assuming an array that consists of two parallel lines of qubits and that permits only nearest neighbor interactions, we construct physical and logical circuitry to enable universal fault tolerant quantum computation under the $[[7,1,3]]$ quantum code. A rigorous lower bound to the fault tolerant threshold for this array is determined in a number of physical settings. Adversarial memory errors, two-qubit gate errors and readout errors are included in our analysis. In the setting where the physical memory failure rate is equal to one-tenth of the physical gate error rate, the physical readout error rate is equal to the physical gate error rate, and the duration of physical readout is ten times the duration of a physical gate, we obtain a lower bound to the asymptotic threshold of $1.96\times10^{-6}$.
Generation and detection of photonic qutrit states by linear optics
Authors: Chen Y.-T. , Bjork G.
Published: March 2021

We address the problem of generation and detection of the four mutually unbiased biphoton polarization-qutrit bases by linear optics. First, the generation of the bases is studied. Our numeric results show that the linear optics method can be used to generate the 4 mutually unbiased basis qutrit states probabilistically with high fidelity. Second, we investigate whether or not linear polarization-optics components are sufficient to realize the simultaneous detection of the qutrit states forming a complete basis. Analytical results show that every state in two of the bases, namely only half of the 4 mutually unbiased bases qutrit states can be identified.
PEPS as unique ground states of local Hamiltonians
Authors: Perez-Garcia D. , Verstraete F. , Cirac J.I. , Wolf M.M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we consider projected entangled pair states (PEPS) on arbitrary lattices. We construct local parent Hamiltonians for each PEPS and isolate a condition under which the state is the unique ground state of the Hamiltonian. This condition, verified by generic PEPS and examples like the AKLT model, is an injective relation between the boundary and the bulk of any local region. While it implies the existence of an energy gap in the 1D case we will show that in certain cases (e.g., on a 2D hexagonal lattice) the parent Hamiltonian can be gapless with a critical ground state. To show this we invoke a mapping between classical and quantum models and prove that in these cases the injectivity relation between boundary and bulk solely depends on the lattice geometry.
Matrix rearrangement approach for the entangling power with hybrid qudit systems
Authors: Lu X.-M. , Wang X. , Yang Y. , Chen J.
Published: March 2021

We extend the former matrix rearrangement approach of the entangling power to the general cases, without requirement of same dimensions of the subsystems. The entangling power of a unitary operator is completely determined by its realignment and partial transposition. As applications, we calculate the entangling power for the Ising interaction and the isotropic Heisenberg interaction in the hybrid qudit $d_1 \times d_2$ systems.
A panoply of quantum algorithms
Authors: Furrow B.
Published: March 2021

This paper's aim is to explore improvements to, and applications of, a fundamental quantum algorithm invented by Grover\cite{grover}. Grover's algorithm is a basic tool that can be applied to a large number of problems in computer science, creating quantum algorithms that are polynomially faster than fastest known and fastest possible classical algorithms that solve the same problems. Our goal in this paper is to make these techniques readily accessible to those without a strong background in quantum physics: we achieve this by providing a set of tools, each of which makes use of Grover's algorithm or similar techniques, which can be used as subroutines in many quantum algorithms.}{The tools we provide are carefully constructed: they are easy to use, and in many cases they are asymptotically faster than the best tools previously available. The tools we build on include algorithms by Boyer, Brassard, Hoyer and Tapp, Buhrman, Cleve, de Witt and Zalka and Durr and Hoyer.}{After creating our tools, we create several new quantum algorithms, each of which is faster than the fastest known deterministic classical algorithm that accomplishes the same aim, and some of which are faster than the fastest possible deterministic classical algorithm. These algorithms solve problems from the fields of graph theory and computational geometry, and some employ dynamic programming techniques. We discuss a breadth-first search that is faster than $\Theta(\text{edges})$ (the classical limit) in a dense graph, maximum-points-on-a-line in $O(N^{3/2}\lg N)$ (faster than the fastest classical algorithm known), as well as several other algorithms that are similarly illustrative of solutions in some class of problem. Through these new algorithms we illustrate the use of our tools, working to encourage their use and the study of quantum algorithms in general.
On Geometry of quantum states: an introduction to quantum entanglement (by I. Bengtsson and K. Zyczkowski)
Authors: Milburn G.
Published: March 2021

Book review
Quantum margulis expanders
Authors: Gross D. , Eisert J.
Published: March 2021

We present a simple way to quantize the well-known Margulis expander map. The result is a quantum expander which acts on discrete Wigner functions in the same way the classical Margulis expander acts on probability distributions. The quantum version shares all essential properties of the classical counterpart, e.g., it has the same degree and spectrum. Unlike previous constructions of quantum expanders, our method does not rely on non-Abelian harmonic analysis. Analogues for continuous variable systems are mentioned. Indeed, the construction seems one of the few instances where applications based on discrete and continuous phase space methods can be developed in complete analogy.
Generation of entanglement between spin of an electron and polarization of a photon
Authors: Chandra N. , Ghosh R.
Published: March 2021

This paper shows an electron and a photon, emitted in two consecutive steps from an atom following the absorption of a single photon, may be entangled in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction only. This entanglement strongly depends upon the polarization of the absorbed and of the radiated photons, kinematics of two emitted particles, and dynamics of photoionization; however, the photoemission dynamics plays no role in this entanglement. This hybrid entanglement can be used in teleporting a quantum state encoded in a flying/stationary material particle onto a light pulse, or vice versa. Such an electron-photon entanglement, in addition, will make it possible to learn about the polarization of a single photon or spin-polarization of a free electron without making any measurements on the corresponding particle itself.
On perfect completeness for QMA
Authors: Aaronson S.
Published: March 2021

Whether the class QMA (Quantum Merlin Arthur)\ is equal to QMA_1, or QMA with one-sided error, has been an open problem for years. This note helps to explain why the problem is difficult,\ by using ideas from real analysis to give a "quantum" relative to which QMA \neq QMA_1. As a byproduct, we find that there are facts about quantum complexity classes that are classically relativizing but not quantumly relativizing, among them such "trivial" containments as BQP \subseteq ZQEXP.
Security proof of quantum key distribution with detection efficiency mismatch
Authors: Fung C.-H. F. , Tamaki K. , Qi B. , Lo H.-K. , Ma X.
Published: March 2021

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. However, as demonstrated in recent quantum hacking theory and experimental papers, detection efficiency loophole can be fatal to the security of practical QKD systems. Here, we describe the physical origin of detection efficiency mismatch in various domains including spatial, spectral, and time domains and in various experimental set-ups. More importantly, we prove the unconditional security of QKD even with detection efficiency mismatch. We explicitly show how the key generation rate is characterized by the maximal detection efficiency ratio between the two detectors. Furthermore, we prove that by randomly switching the bit assignments of the detectors, the effect of detection efficiency mismatch can be completely eliminated.
Demonstration of a scalable, multiplexed ion trap for quantum information processing
Authors: Leibrandt D.R. , Labaziewicz J. , Clark R.J. , Chuang I.L. , Epstein R.J. , Ospelkaus C. , Wesenberg J.H. , Bollinger J.H. , Leibfried D. , Wineland D. , Stick D. , Stick J. , Monroe C. , Pai, C.-S. , Low Y. , Frahm R. , Slusher R.E.
Published: March 2021

A scalable, multiplexed ion trap for quantum information processing is fabricated and tested. The trap design and fabrication process are optimized for scalability to small trap size and large numbers of interconnected traps, and for integration of control electronics and optics. Multiple traps with similar designs are tested with $^{111}$Cd$^+$, $^{25}$Mg$^+$, and $^{88}$Sr$^{+}$ ions at room temperature and with $^{88}$Sr$^+$ at 6 K, with respective ion lifetimes of 90 s, 300 $\pm$ 30 s, 56 $\pm$ 6 s, and 4.5 $\pm$ 1.1 hours. The motional heating rate for $^{25}$Mg$^{+}$ at room temperature and a trap frequency of 1.6 MHz is measured to be 7 $\pm$ 3 quanta per millisecond. For $^{88}$Sr$^{+}$ at 6 K and 540 kHz the heating rate is measured to be 220 $\pm$ 30 quanta per second.
Some properties of partial fidelities
Authors: Rastegin A.E.
Published: March 2021

Basic properties of Uhlmann's partial fidelities are discussed. Statistical interpretation in terms of POVM measurements is established. Multiplicativity properties are considered. The relationship between partial fidelities and partitioned trace distances is derived. As it is shown, the partial fidelities cannot decrease under unistochastic quantum operations. Thus, the partial fidelities have good properties in the sense of their use as distinguishability measures.
Thermodynamic Exploration of Xenon/krypton Separation Based on a High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Ren Emmanuel , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: March 2021

Nanoporous framework materials are a promising class of materials for energy-efficient technology of xenon/krypton separation by physisorption. Many studies on Xe/Kr separation by adsorption have fo- cused on the determination of structure/property relationships, the description of theoretical limits of performance, and the identification of top-performing materials. Here, we provided a study based on high-throughput screening of the adsorption of Xe, Kr, and Xe/Kr mixtures in 12,020 experimental MOFs materials, in order to provide a better comprehension of the thermodynamics behind Xe/Kr separation in nanoporous materials and the microscopic origins of Xe/Kr selectivity at both low and ambient pressure.
Beyond Thin Films: Clarifying the Impact of c-Li15Si4 Formation in Thin Film, Nanoparticle, and Porous Si Electrodes
Authors: Woodard Jasper , Kalisvaart W. Peter , Youssef Sayed Sayed , Olsen Brian , Buriak Jillian
Published: March 2021

Analysis of the role of c-Li15Si4 in performance of silicon-based anodes in lithium ion batteries. This work indicates that concerns about the c-Li15Si4 phase in silicon nanoparticles and porous silicon electrodes should mainly focus on the stability of the SEI and a reduction of irreversible electrolyte reactions.
Machine Learning to Accelerate Screening for Marcus Reorganization Energies
Authors: Abarbanel Omri , Hutchison Geoffrey
Published: March 2021

Understanding and predicting the charge transport properties of π-conjugated materials is an important challenge for designing new organic electronic applications, including solar cells, plastic transistors, light-emitting devices, and chemical sensors. A key component of the hopping mechanism of charge transfer in these materials is the Marcus reorganization energy, which serves as an activation barrier to hole or electron transfer. While modern density functional methods have proven to accurately predict trends in intramolecular reorganization energy, such calculations are computationally expensive. In this work, we outline active machine learning methods to predict computed intramolecular reorganization energies of a wide range of polythiophenes and their use towards screening new compounds with low internal reorganization energies. Our models have an overall root mean square error of ±0.113 eV, but a much smaller RMSE of only ±0.036 eV on the new screening set. Since the larger error derives from high-reorganization energy compounds, the new method is highly effective to screen for compounds with potentially efficient charge transport parameters.
NIR Bioluminescence Probe Enables Discovery of Diet-Induced Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment via Nitric Oxide
Authors: Yadav Anuj K , Lee Michael C. , Lucero Melissa , Reinhardt Christopher J. , Su ShengZhang , Chan Jefferson
Published: March 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role in acute and chronic inflammation. NO’s contributions to cancer are of particular interest due to its context-dependent bioactivities. For example, immune cells initially produce cytotoxic quantities of NO in response to the nascent tumor. However, it is believed that this fades over time and reaches a concentration that supports the tumor microenvironment (TME). These complex dynamics are further complicated by other factors, such as diet and oxygenation, making it challenging to establish a complete picture of NO’s impact on tumor progression. Although many activity-based sensing (ABS) probes for NO have been developed, only a small fraction have been employed in vivo and fewer yet are practical in cancer models where the NO concentration is < 200 nM. To overcome this outstanding challenge, we have developed BL660-NO, the first ABS probe for NIR bioluminescence imaging of NO in cancer. Owing to the low intrinsic background, high sensitivity, and deep tissue imaging capabilities of our design, BL660-NO was successfully employed to visualize endogenous NO in cellular systems, a human liver metastasis model, and a murine breast cancer model. Importantly, its exceptional performance facilitated the design of a dietary study to examine the impact of NO on the TME by varying the intake of fat. BL660-NO provides the first direct molecular evidence that intratumoral NO becomes elevated in mice fed a high-fat diet who became obese with larger tumors compared to control animals on a low-fat diet. These results indicate that an inflammatory diet can increase NO production via recruitment of macrophages and overexpression of iNOS which in turn can drive tumor progression.
Role of Electronic Excited State in Kinetics of the CH2OO + SO2 ! HCHO + SO3 Reaction
Authors: Song Qingfei , Zhang Qiuyu , Meng Qingyong
Published: March 2021

In this work, kinetics of the CH2OO + SO2 ! HCHO + SO3 reaction was studied by ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD). To perform RPMD calculations, multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) was first carried out to compute data for constructing potential energy surface (PES) through a kernel regression method. On the basis of the present MRCI calculations, the statics multi-state mechanism involving the lowest-lying singlet excited state (denoted by S 1) was proposed, which is di?erent from the previously proposed mechanism with the lowest-lying triplet state (denoted by T1). Moreover, the present RPMD calculations predicted the rate coe?cient of 3:95?10􀀀11cm3 molecule􀀀1s􀀀1 at the room temperature (namely 298 K), agreeing with the previously reported experimental values. Finally, based on the present calculations, a probable dynamics mechanism was discussed, where the produced HCHO molecule was proposed to be in a vibrationally excited state. This needs further experimental and theoretical observation in the future.
AshwathaKsheer Sutra and UdumberKsheer Sutra in the management of Bhagandara (Fistula in ano): An Ayurvedic management protocol for treatment of fistula in ano
Authors: Monika Meshram  , Kiran Khandare
Published: March 2021

Fistula in ano is tract lined by granulation tissue having internal opening in anal canal and rectum and external opening in the perianal region. The incidence of a fistula-in-ano developing from an anal abscess ranges from 26-38%. The prevalence of non-specific anal fistula has been estimated to be 8.6 to 10/100,000 of the population per year, with a male to female ratio of 8:1.in contemporary sciences Bhagandara  can be correlated with Fistula in Ano. To compare the efficacy of AshwathaKsheer Sutra  and UdumberKsheer Sutra in the management of Bhagandara (Fistula in ano).  The present study is designed as a  Randomized single blind parallel in which 40 patients will be enrolled. Patients will be distributed in two group with 20 patients in each group. In group A AshwathaKsheerSutra and in group B UdumbarKsheerSutra will be changed after 7 days till the cure of fistula. Assessment of the patients will be done on day 1st, 8th, 15th, and 22nd after intervention, follow up will be taken on 29th day.  Results will be drawn from the observations of objective parameters. Conclusion of the study will be drawn on the basis of statistical data calculated from the collected data.
Functional and Radiological evaluation of management of tibial plateau fractures: A prospective study
Authors: Priyank Bhatt  , Sunil Nikose
Published: March 2021

The knee is a crucial joint, as it performs various functions such as standing, walking, running, sitting etc. Tibial plateau fractures constitute 1% of overall fractures and 8% of fractures occurring in the geriatric age group. Knee injuries must be properly and adequately treated to keep the knee in a good functional state. The transition to a fast-paced lifestyle on account of rapid industrialization, urbanization and mechanization has led to a significant increase in the traumatic incidences - especially polytrauma, comminuted Fractures and soft tissue injury.  High-speed injury acquired in vehicular accidents and a rise in road traffic injuries together creates a forever increasing issue. The static lower extremity can be encountered by an object in motion, frequent in roadside injury, resulting in the infamous "Bumper Fracture". Open Reduction with Internal Fixation (ORIF) is currently recommended. Hence, a study has been conducted to learn the mode of injury, fracture pattern, outcome of open reduction and internal fixation, complications encountered and associated injuries. 50  Patients were studied prospectively and pre and post-operative evaluation were done using modified Rasmussen clinical and radiological criteria and Womac knee score. Open reduction and internal fixation provide reasonable outcome with regards to functional and radiological outcome in younger patients and type I and II fractures.
Review on biological activities in medicinal plants of acanthaceae family
Authors: Manjula M  , Sankar D S
Published: March 2021

Acanthaceae is popularly known as acanthus family which belong to mint order – lamiales. They are distributed from tropics to a temperate region such as India, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Brazil, Central America and Africa. Most members of this family are therapeutically important since they are in the up to date usage by ethnic communities. Andrographis paniculata, Clinacanthus nutans, Graptophyllum pictum, Hemigraphis alternata, Justicia gendarussa and Strobilanthes Crispus are some of the medicinal plants of Acanthaceae family. These plants are recognized for their biopharmaceutical potential usage in traditional medicine. These plants have a plethora of phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, terpenoids, benzenoids, quinine, triterpenoids and naphthoquinone present in various parts of the plant that plays a vital role in drug industries. The pharmacological properties of these plants such as anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, hepatoprotective, anti-viral and anti-hypertensive are in general practice as an alternative and complementary medicine in both ethnobotanical and pharmacological fields. This article encompasses not only the comprehensive survey based on the electronic resources, scientific journals but also the books that summarize the botanical, phytochemical properties of these plants and also accentuate their significant role in both ethnobotanical and pharmacological fields. It is felt that this article would provide more insight into the health benefits of some plants of the Acanthaceae family.
ТЕПЛОВІ ЕФЕКТИ ВТОРИННОГО ЕЛЕКТРОТЕРМІЧНОГО ЛЕГУВАННЯ ТА РАФІНУВАННЯ СТАЛІ
Authors: Kharchenko Аlеxander , Lichkonenko Natalia
Published: March 2021

Виконано аналіз теплових ефектів матеріалів та електроенергії за позапічної обро-бки сталей 09Г2С і 35ХГСА із застосуванням технології вторинного електротермічноголегування та рафінування (ВЕЛР). Розглянуто особливості змінювання теплових ефектівматеріалів залежно від питомого заряду шлаку та частки внесених матеріалів. Отриманоформули для розрахунку теплових ефектів матеріалів під час позапічної обробки рідкоїсталі. Розраховано теплові ефекти матеріалів, включаючи феросплави, карбід кремнію,вапно і електроенергію. Зроблено узагальнюючі висновки відносно чинників, що вплива-ють на теплові ефекти за введенням матеріалів до рідкої сталі.
ПРО ВПЛИВ ТЕМПЕРАТУРИ ГАЗУ ТА РОЗПЛАВУ НА РОЗМІР МІКРОГРАНУЛ ЗА ГАЗОВИМ РОЗПИЛЕННЯМ
Authors: Ternovoy Yurii , Lichkonenko Natalya
Published: March 2021

Розглянуто особливості процесу газового розпилення металевих розплавів за змі-нюванням температури газу та рідкого металу. Зростання дисперсності мікрогранул підчас підвищення температури газу або перегрівання розплаву можна пояснити більш пов-ним проходженням двохстадійного процесу дроблення. Показано, що під час використан-ня підвищеної температури газу та розплаву відбувається зниження масової витрати газудля забезпечення однакової динаміки розпилення.
FORMATION OF LOW-CARBON WIRE ROD STRUCTURE UNDER SHS CONDITIONS USING MAGNETIC COERCIMETRIC CONTROL
Authors: Sereda Borys , Volokh Vitaliy
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the use of a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of SHS ofsolid chemical compounds – it is a new technological process that possible to obtain a materialwith a given structure based on carrying out an exothermic reaction of interaction of reagents inthe combustion regime. The influence of cold deformation and intermediate annealing underSHS conditions on the structure, magnetic and mechanical properties of low-carbon steel is determined.The use of magnetic coercimetric control possible to control changes in the structureand mechanical properties of during technological cycle for low-carbon welded wire in productionconditions.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ОСАДЖЕННЯ БАГАТОКОМПОНЕНТНОЇ СУСПЕНЗІЇ ПІД ЧАС ОДЕРЖАННЯ ВУГЛЕЦЕВИХ КОМПОЗИТІВ З НИЗЬКОЮ ЩІЛЬНІСТЮ
Authors: Skachkov Viktor , Каrpеnkо Hanna , Rumyantsev Vladyslav , Kuris Yurii , Mosejko Yurii , Movchan Vladimir
Published: March 2021

Виконано дослідження процесу осадження багатокомпонентної суспензії за одер-жанням вуглецевих композитів з низькою щільністю. Розроблено математичну модель,використання якої дає змогу обчислити технологічні параметри одержання осаду заданоїщільності. Вивчено вплив ефективного опору фільтру та товщини шару осаду на швид-кість витікання суспензії. Визначено залежність часу витікання суспензії від значень зали-шкого та гідравлічного опору рідини. Виявлено розподіл щільності за висотою осадженоїзаготовки, а також змінювання її маси під час сушіння.
МЕТОДИКА СТАТИСТИЧНОЇ ОЦІНКИ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ В ЧОРНІЙ МЕТАЛУРГІЇ У СЕРЕДОВИЩІ «STATISTICA» ТА «MATHCAD»
Authors: Bytkin Sergey , Krytskaya Tatiana
Published: March 2021

Показана можливість використання прикладних пакетів «STATISTICA» та«MathCAD» для оцінки ефективності застосування нового технологічного вирішення (роз-кислювання із застосуванням феросилікоалюмінію (ФСА)). Для вирішення завдання,пов’язаного з аналізом експериментальних даних застосовують стохастичні, ймовірнісніметоди, які дозволяють виявляти закономірності технологічних відхилень. Як приклад роз-глянуто статистичний аналіз експериментальних даних за дослідною плавкою 09Г2Д. До-сліджено розподіл межі плинності σТ для зразків, виготовлених із стандартної сталі 09Г2Д,а також із дослідної сталі 09Г2Д. Використано гістограми «STATISTICA», що описують ро-зподіл межі плинності 09Г2Д за стандартної технології та технології із застосуваннямФСА), які апроксимуються функцією розподілу щільності ймовірності чисельного значенняознаки. Отримані розподіли будують у програмі «MathCAD» з одночасним переходом доймовірнісного подання залежностей. Основним ефектом застосування ФСА є зниженнядисперсії механічних властивостей сталі 09Г2Д.
ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ОСОБИСТІСНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КІБЕР-АДИКТІВ У ПІДЛІТКОВОМУ ТА ЮНАЦЬКОМУ ВІЦІ
Authors: Асєєва Ю. О.
Published: March 2021

Глобальна кібер-соціалізація поступово, окрім різноманітних «благ», привносить у життя людини й низку проблемних питань, одним із яких є формування у молодого покоління залежності від кіберпростору. Робота присвячена виявленню особистісних характеристик кібер-адиктів серед молодого покоління. Метою роботи стало проведення психодіагностичного дослідження з виявлення особистісних характеристик кібер-адиктів у підлітковому та юнацькому віці. Методи дослідження: теоретичний (аналіз та узагальнення соціально- психологічної, медико-психологічної, психолого-педагогічної літератури за темою дослідження), напівструктуроване інтерв’ю, психодіагностичний і математико-статистичний (кількісний і якісний аналіз отриманих результатів). Усього в досліджені взяли участь 559 підлітків, із них 408 мали певні види кібер-адикцій, 151 особа надала згоду увійти до групи порівняння (умовно здорові). Для вивчення індивідуально-психологічних характеристик особистості кібер-адиктів було обрано Особистісний опитувальник Р.Б. Кеттелла (версії 14PF/HSPQ та 16PF). Загальний аналіз профілів особистості респондентів у віковій категорії від 14 до 15 та від 16 до 18 років свідчить про те, що профілі особистості груп порівняння тяжіють до середніх результатів (і не мають значних відхлинь за групами), а профіль особистості основних груп респондентів має яскраві завищені піки за шкалами D, F, J, O, Q2 та яскраві піки за низькими показниками шкал A, C, E, G, H, Q3. За результатами аналізу профілів респондентів вікової категорії від 19 до 21 року можливо зробити висновок, що профілі особистості груп порівняння тяжіють до середніх результатів (і не мають значних відхлинь за групами), а профіль особистості основних груп респондентів має яскраві завищені піки за шкалами F, L, M, O, Q1, Q2, Q4 та яскраві піки за низькими показниками шкал A, C, E, G, H, I, N, Q3. Урахування індивідуально-психологічних особливостей респондентів основних груп дозволить нам розробити адекватну індивідуальну психокорекційну програму, а деякі особливості, виявлені загалом в основній групі, дають можливість врахувати їх у розробці групових програм.
МОДЕЛЬ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЛІДЕРСЬКОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ В ЮНАЦЬКОМУ ВІЦІ
Authors: Баранова А. М.
Published: March 2021

Стаття присвячена вивченню особливостей розвитку лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці. У результаті проведеного теоретичного аналізу проблеми з’ясовано, що процес формування ефективного лідера значною мірою залежить від створених для цього відповідних умов. Так, вивчення соціально- психологічної вітчизняної і зарубіжної літератури з проблем лідерства засвідчило, що наявні різні підходи до вивчення феномена лідерства, у структурі яких простежуються чинники формування лідерського потенціалу особистості в юнацькому віці. У статті на основі проведеного теоретичного аналізу першоджерел із проблем лідерства були виділені та розглянуті соціально-психологічні чинники формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці як комплексний феномен, що об’єднує індивідуальні та групові характеристики спільної діяльності, які у своїй сукупності забезпечують успішне досягнення загальногрупової мети. Метою статті було виділення соціально-психологічних чинників формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці та побудова моделі соціально- психологічних чинників формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці. Детально вивчивши всі відомі теорії і підходи стосовно питань лідерства, була виділена низка соціально-психологічних чинників формування лідерського потенціалу, що дало змогу нам побудувати модель, яка розкриває всі залежності формування лідерського потенціалу від конкретних чинників. Відповідно до розгляду сукупності соціально-психологічних чинників формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці була розроблена та проаналізована модель, яка може розглядатися як методологічна основа дослідження та вдосконалення лідерського потенціалу особистості юнацького віку. Відповідно до цього було визначено мету та завдання, на вирішення яких спрямована така модель. Моделюючи процес формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці під впливом виділених соціально-психологічних чинників, було враховано такі підходи, як: суб’єктно-діяльнісний, особистісно орієнтований, суб’єкт-суб’єктний, системний, акмеологічний. Під час побудови моделі було виділено соціально-психологічні чинники формування лідерського потенціалу в юнацькому віці. Виділені чинники розподілено на дві загальні групи: зовнішні (об’єктивно-ситуаційні) та внутрішні (суб’єктивно-особистісні).
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАХИСТУ ОСОБИСТОСТІ В РІЗНІ ПЕРІОДИ ДОРОСЛОСТІ
Authors: Шевченко Н. Ф. , Саміташвілі-Бірюк О. О.
Published: March 2021

У статті викладені результати емпіричного дослідження особливостей системи психологічного захисту особистості в період дорослості. Установлено, що система психологічного захисту особистості в різні періоди дорослості характеризується суб’єктивною динамікою, яка відбивається у взаємозв’язку несвідомих і свідомих компонентів психіки – захисних механізмів і копінг-стратегій. У ході дослідження встановлено, що прояв певних механізмів психологічного захисту залишається майже незмінними в аспекті віку. Найменш варіативні показники: механізми витіснення, проєкції, регресії, компенсації. До найваріативніших показників віднесено механізми заміщення, інтелектуалізації, заперечення, реактивних утворень. Провідними механізмами психологічного захисту в обох періодах дорослого віку виявилися заперечення, витіснення та регресія. У ході вивчення специфіки прояву стилів копінг-поведінки виявлено, що прояв певних стилів залишається майже незмінними в аспекті віку. Найменш варіативні показники: проблемно орієнтований стиль копінгу, орієнтація на соціальне відволікання. До найваріативніших показників віднесено емоційно орієнтований стиль копінгу, орієнтацію на уникнення. Провідними стилями копінг-поведінки в ранньому дорослому віці виявилися проблемно орієнтований стиль копінгу, орієнтація на соціальне відволікання; в середньому віці – проблемно орієнтований стиль копінгу, емоційно орієнтований стиль копінгу. Дослідження стратегій поведінкової активності в стресових умовах дозволило виявити, що прояв певних стратегій залишається незмінними в аспекті віку. Найменш варіативні показники: стратегії поведінкової активності А1, Б1, Б. До найваріативніших показників можна віднести стратегії поведінкової активності А. Провідними стратегіями поведінкової активності в стресових ситуаціях виявилися: тип А – в ранньому дорослому віці (гіперактивність, нетерплячість, імпульсивність), тип АБ – у середньому віці (збалансованість, впевненість, емоційна стабільність). За допомогою математико- статистичного аналізу експериментальних даних припущення про те, що система психологічного захисту особистості характеризується певною специфікою в різні періоди дорослості, підтвердилося. Ця специфіка відбивається в динаміці прояву несвідомих (механізмів психологічного захисту) й усвідомлюваних (копінг-стратегії) компонентів психіки.
Assessment of Serum Irisin in Overweight And Obese Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Younis Mustafa Sipel , A. Ibrahim Shereen.
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting 10–15 % of women in reproductive age. The objective was to evaluate the effect of irisin in the etiology of obese patient with PCOS. Study Design and Methods: The study design its a case control study. This study involved fifty obese ladies (50) with confirmed diagnosis of PCOS. The second group served as control group and included forty apparently normal (non-polycystic ovary) obese ladies (40). The following main parameters were measured: Fasting serum levels of total Cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein– cholesterol, glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c%), Insulin , Testosterone, FSH, serum LH and Irisin. Results: The median serum Irisin was significantly higher among PCOS cases (119.1 ng/ml) compared to healthy controls (74.7 ng/ml). The median serum FSH was significantly higher among PCOS cases (6.52 ng/ml ) compared to controls (4.72 ng/ml). Serum LH was obviously higher among PCOS cases (6.88 ng/ml) compared to controls (6.08 ng/ml). The mean pulse rate, blood WBC count and serum VLDL were significantly higher (71.6/min, 8.3 mg/dl and 22.5 mg/dl respectively) in cases with PCOS compared to controls (67.5/min, 7.2 mg/dl and 18.5 mg/dl respectively). Conversely, the serum HDL was significantly lower among PCOS cases (43.8 mg/dl) compared to controls (48.4 mg/dl), serum testosterone showed statistically non-significant differences. Conclusion: Data of the present study showed that serum Irisin was significantly higher among PCOS cases. These findings suggest important role of irisin as a biomarker for PCOS and an important factor in the development of PCOS.
The Effects of Classroom Management Styles on Students’ Motivation and Academic Achievement in Learning English
Authors: Thi Thuong Tran , Nguyen Hong-Thu Thi
Published: March 2021

The aims of this research are to investigate teachers’ and learners’ perception towards the significance of classroom management in motivating students to learn English; to determine the classroom management styles adopted by teachers during classroom and to identify the extent to which their classroom management styles affect students’ English learning motivation and academic achievement. The design of the research is mixed-method one in which an interview and questionnaires are the instruments to collect data. 14 English teachers were asked to be interviewed and 398 students (201 10th graders and 197 12th graders) participated in answering the questionnaires. The outcomes revealed that the various styles in managing their classrooms were displayed; however, each grade possessed a dominant style. Furthermore, the findings showed that each style of classroom management exerted impact with different levels and dimensions on students’ English learning motivation. Remarkably, Authoritative style demonstrated the most positive influence on students’ English learning motivation and academic achievement. Based on these findings, some implications for managing classroom were drawn out, which emphasized the adoption of Authoritative style and the reduction of some negative aspects of the other styles.
The Use of Indigenous Games to Enhance the Learning of Word Problems in Grade 4 Mathematics: A Case of Kgati
Authors: Moloi Tshele J. , Mosia Moeketsi S. , Matabane Mogalatjane E. , Sibaya Khanyane T.
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the value of indigenous games in the teaching and learning of word problems in Grade 4 mathematics. In particular, the paper explains how the moves of *kgati (skipping rope) can be used to enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics word problems. Participatory action research (PAR) methodology was used to generate data so as to enable participants to work collaboratively, freely and with confidence. Participants of this study were Grade 4 learners, a head of department, two Grade 4 mathematics teachers, a life skills teacher, a mathematics subject advisor, four parents and three members of the local royal family. The study seeks to answer the question: To what extent can learners use knowledge of the kgati (skipping rope) game to enhance the learning of mathematics word problems? Community cultural wealth (CCW) theory was employed as a lens that acknowledges the huge wealth of knowledge that participants bring from their homes into the classroom. These forms of capitals include aspirational, navigational, social, linguistic, familial and resistant capital which relate to the knowledge learners bring from home and use to tap into word problems. Critical discourse analysis was used to analyse the words of the research team to reach their deeper meanings. The results of the study indicate that learners can interpret, convert and link their indigenous knowledge with mathematics and improve their understanding of mathematics concepts when indigenous knowledge is incorporated. Incorporating kgati moves to learn word problems significantly improved learners’ creativity and imagination. The study further suggests that learners work better when given opportunities for interactive and collaborative activities that relate to their daily practices.
Organized armed groups in the International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Sánchez Morales Valeria Monserrath
Published: March 2021

States comply with international treaties because they have negotiated, signed and ratified them; however, organised armed groups are not part of these processes and still have an obligation to comply with basic rules of war. This document argues that the Internacional Humanitarian Law must be respected by all those involved in a conflict; besides, it provides arguments for organised armed groups to commit to a norm that they have not directly accepted. International Humanitarian Law as an erga omnes norm shows a specific nature and application, which is why it applies to all citizens, it is a customary norm for which it obliges respect for the norm by all individuals. Finally, an armed group regroups citizens of a country, so they must respect the norms established for the State.
Intellectual Property in the 21st century in Ecuador
Authors: Gudiño Flores Cynthia Mishel
Published: March 2021

Intellectual Property is continuously present in different manifestations of daily life. However, not all people fully understand what this means, especially for authors of artistic or scientific creations, or for inventors. Given this scenario, it is essential to claim the role of the creator and its economic impact on society; in order to increase the incentives to materialize creative ideas of the human intellect that, inevitably, contribute to the production of science and culture.
Analisi dell’applicabilitá della solidarietá contrattuale in Ecuador
Authors: Zurita Burbano Felipe , Benatti Francesca
Published: March 2021

Al giorno d’oggi, l’inadempimento degli obblighi contrattuali ha causato un grande dibattito in dottrina, a causa della necessità di relazioni contrattuali meno suscettibili di estinzione e di figure che evitino tale estinzione. Per questo motivo, una parte della dottrina ha preferito optare per rimedi meno ortodossi che consentano di risolvere le controversie senza avviare processi giudiziari. L’ articolo analizzerà la fattibilità dell’applicazione di una figura come la solidarietà contrattuale in Ecuador. Inoltre, le caratteristiche del sistema giuridico ecuadoriano consentirebbero l’applicazione di questi rimedi pur con difficoltà attraverso la buona fede. A tal fine, verrà prima analizzato il contratto e il suo inadempimento nell’ambito del diritto civile e nel contesto ecuadoriano. Successivamente, verrà esplorata brevemente la solidarietà contrattuale e l’ultima sezione studierà la possibilità di applicare questa figura nel sistema giuridico ecuadoriano e le conseguenze che ciò comporterebbe.
Políticas sin participación social: Poblamiento rural y abandono de asentamientos en la Sierra de Gata, 1450-1750
Authors: Clemente Quijada Luis Vicente
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the structure of the settlement in the land of Santibáñez el Alto between 1450 and 1750 in order to address the problem of rural depopulation. References and testimonies from fiscal and procedural sources and the travel costs analysis, shows that the peasant community developed a settlement structure which complemented the network of settlements and optimized the time of work of the peasantry since 1450, for being closer to the exploitation areas. This system begins its decline in the second half of the 16th century, when policies implemented from the Crown (sale of towns) and those developed from the local oligarchy (limitations on access to goods and services) had a negative impact its inhabitants. Finally, it is stated that the evolution of the settlements has been closely linked to the possibilities of community participation in its management and identity-making.