bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data mining technology in the analysis of college students’ psychological problems
Authors: Yu Jia , Lin JingJing
Published: September 2022

This paper expounds on the research status of data mining and the status quo of college students? psychological health problems, deeply analyzing the feasibility of introducing data mining technology into the analysis of college students? psychological health. After studying and analyzing the decision tree technology of data mining, and taking the psychological health problem data of the students in a university in 2021 as the research object, this paper uses the decision tree to analyze the psychological health problem data. The main work includes the following: determining the mining object and mining target; preprocessing the original data; and according to the characteristics of the data used, choosing the C4.5 algorithm of the decision tree to construct the decision tree of the students. Finally, based on the analysis and comparison of the decision tree model before and after pruning, classification rules are extracted from the optimal decision tree model, thus providing a scientific decision-making basis for mental health education in colleges and universities. After comparing the classification results with the known categories in the test set, the accuracy rate was found to be 75%. Using the alternative error pruning method and test data set, the classification accuracy was 79%, and after PEP pruning was 84%.
SEE-3D: Sentiment-driven emotion-cause pair extraction based on 3D-CNN
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhu Guangli , Wu Houyue , Zhang Shunxiang , Li Kuan-Ching
Published: September 2022

As an emotional cause detection task, Emotion-Cause Pair Extraction (ECPE) provides technical support for intelligent psychological counseling, empty-nest elderly care, and other fields. Current approaches mainly focus on extracting by recognizing causal relationships between clauses. Different from these existing methods, this paper further considers the influence of sentimental intensity to improve extraction accuracy. To address this issue, we propose an extraction model based on sentiment analysis and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D-CNN), named SEE-3D. First, to prepare fundamental data for sentiment analysis, emotion clauses are clustered into six emotion domains according to six emotion types in the ECPE dataset. Then, a pre-trained sentiment analysis model is introduced to compute emotional similarity, which provides a reference for identifying emotion clauses. In the extraction process, similar features of adjacent documents in the same batch of samples are fused as input of 3D-CNN. The 3D-CNN enhances the macro semantic understanding ability of the model, thereby improving the extraction performance. The results of experiments show that the accuracy of ECPE can be effectively improved by the SEE-3D model.
Predictors of the Initiation of Islet Autoimmunity, Progression to Multiple Autoantibodies and Clinical Diabetes: The TEDDY Study
Authors: Krischer Jeffrey P. , Liu Xiang , Lernmark Åke , Hagopian William A. , Rewers Marian J. , She Jin-Xiong , Toppari Jorma , Ziegler Anette-G. , Akolkar Beena , Group the TEDDY Study
Published: September 2022

  

Objective: To distinguish among predictors of seroconversion, progression to multiple autoantibodies and from multiple autoantibodies to type 1 diabetes in young children. 

Research Design and Methods: Genetically high-risk newborns (n=8502) were followed for a median of 11.2 y (IQR 9.3-12.6 y); 835 (9.8%) developed islet autoantibodies and 283 (3.3%) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Predictors were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results: Predictors of seroconversion and progression differed, depending on the type of first appearing autoantibody. Male sex, Finnish residence, having a sibling with type 1 diabetes, the HLA DR4 allele, probiotic use before age 28 days, and SNP rs689_A (INS) predicted seroconversion to IAA-first.  Increased weight at 12 months and SNPs rs12708716_G (CLEC16A) and rs2292239_T (ERBB3) predicted GADA-first. Having a father with type 1 diabetes, the SNPs rs2476601_A (PTPN22) and rs3184504_T (SH2B3) predicted both. Younger age at seroconversion predicted progression from single to multiple autoantibodies as well as progression to diabetes, except for those presenting with GADA-first. Family history of type 1 diabetes and the HLA DR4 allele predicted progression to multiple autoantibodies, but not diabetes.  Sex did not predict progression to multiple autoantibodies, but males progressed more slowly than females from multiple autoantibodies to diabetes. SKAP2 and MIR3681HG SNPs are newly reported to be significantly associated with progression from multiple autoantibodies to type 1 diabetes. 

Conclusions: Predictors of IAA-first vs GADA-first autoimmunity differ from each other and from the predictors of progression to diabetes.
O pesquisar-com a Fenomenologia em Filosofia da Educação Matemática
Authors: Wichnoski Paulo
Published: September 2022

Este texto enfoca a Fenomenologia como uma possibilidade de pesquisar em Filosofia da Educação Matemática. Apresenta algumas características da Fenomenologia para a pesquisa nesse contexto e expõem os procedimentos realizados em uma tese de doutorado com bases fenomenológicas, para exemplificar o que é dito em termos teóricos. Sua intenção não é apresentar um modo universal de pesquisar, mas tão somente dar direções e contribuir com outras pesquisas, especialmente com as que buscam compreender fenômenos situados na Educação Matemática sob a perspectiva fenomenológica. Com os autores lidos e a pesquisa exemplificada, compreendo que o pesquisar-com a Fenomenologia é um movimento de abertura para o fenômeno, cujo ponto de partida é a experiência vivida de um Ser que, ao estar no mundo, é sempre consciência.
Filosofias da Diferença e Educação Matemática: Conversas Possíveis e Inventadas
Authors: Silva dos Santos Gilberto , Crivellaro Sanchotene Virgínia , Edmundo Lopez Bello Samuel
Published: September 2022

Este artigo entrelaça uma Educação Matemática com as Filosofias da Diferença. Dito de outra maneira, trata-se de pensar uma Educação Matemática (entre tantas) que se torna possível ao ter Nietzsche, Foucault e Deleuze como intercessores de uma filosofia que produz questionamentos e deslocamentos. Através de uma filosofia afirmativa, propositiva, legada de Nietzsche, este artigo apresenta um resumo de três teses desenvolvidas num grupo de pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul que discute Educação Matemática e as filosofias da diferença e a aula e a docência e... Esta apresentação não pretende servir de modelo a pesquisas outras, tampouco substituir uma verdade que dita quem é o bom professor de matemática, quais as funções da Educação Matemática ou o Currículo que hierarquiza saberes e direciona condutas. Nosso desejo é partilhar condições de inquirir o que pode uma Educação Matemática em meio às filosofias da diferença e quais os espaços para pensar uma Educação que não seja apenas reprodução.
Linguagem oral e escrita no autismo - TEA: perspectivas teóricas e pedagógicas
Authors: Ney Thaís , Hubner Lilian Cristine
Published: September 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir como se dá o desenvolvimento da linguagem no Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em termos de aquisição da fala e da escrita e quais métodos pedagógicos podem ser utilizados para auxiliar no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem destes estudantes no Ensino Fundamental. A revisão bibliográfica detectou uma lacuna nos estudos sobre como se dá o processamento e a aquisição da linguagem oral e, em especial, da escrita nesta população. O uso de material visual para fomentar o desenvolvimento da oralidade e da escrita, bem como instruções diretas parecem ser práticas docentes eficientes para a promoção do desenvolvimento linguístico no TEA.
Strategies of Nuclear Proliferation and Their Sources
Authors: Narang Vipin
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the sources and strategies of nuclear proliferation. It theorizes how states with motivations to pursue nuclear weapons do not go beyond active weaponization by making bombs a choice or a nuclear hedge. Hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit and hiding are known to be nuclear proliferation strategies. However, each strategy has different points of vulnerability that could be countered with non-proliferation efforts. Additionally, domestic politics plays a powerful and predictable intervening role in the connection between hedging and active weaponization strategy. According to the Proliferation Strategy Theory, state-level domestic political consensus and demand are vital aspects of the decision on when and how a state would actively proliferate.
Conclusion
Authors: Narang Vipin
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the analysis of nuclear proliferation strategies. The Proliferation Strategy Theory explains the reason why states chose particular strategies of proliferation. One of the reasons is security as part of state interest. Moreover, variation in proliferation strategies could affect the landscape of international politics. The chapter also explores the effectiveness of enforcing strategies such as hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. Additionally, it acknowledges how understanding the strategies could help prevent and manage the future of nuclear conflict and landscape. However, states will continue to seek nuclear weapons if they continue to be perceived as valuable security and political tools.
Long-Term Bonds
Authors: Aguiar Mark , Amador Manuel
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks into fixed-rate long-term bonds. It notes how longer maturity debt is the primary source of government financing across the globe. Long-term debts tend to generate debt dilution and indeterminacy. The quantitative properties of sovereign debt models with longer maturity bring the model predictions near to the data. On the other hand, long-term bonds open the opportunity for debt dilution wherein bondholders are vulnerable to future government fiscal decisions. The chapter focuses on the properties of equilibrium and the inefficiency generated by long-term financing. It also explores how governments often skew issuances heavily on the yield curve's short end amidst a crisis.
Breaking onto the International Scene
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter investigates how the United States engaged in the international politics of mathematics. American mathematicians of the 1920s, many of whom had received all or part of their advanced training in Europe in the decades before World War I, had a strong sense of the wider mathematical world and of their evolving place in it. The chapter examines how they could change European perceptions of them as students, arguing that one way would be for key Europeans to come to the United States in order to experience their mathematical community firsthand. The chapter also recounts America's attempt to showcase American mathematics at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) held in Strasbourg in 1920. The chapter examines the revival of the ICMs in the 1920s which reflected a partial resumption of international mathematical contacts in the aftermath of World War I. It also looks at the perception of a maturing American mathematical research community through the G. H. Hardy-Oswald Veblen exchange.
Picking Back Up and Moving On in the Postwar World
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter assesses the postwar world in 1945. It details how American mathematicians reestablished their prewar rhythms in research and publication as well as undergraduate and graduate training. The chapter also looks at how they began to engage in what became the politics of postwar American science. The problem was that it was unclear initially just what such politics would look like and how they would be played. The chapter then examines the failed efforts in 1945 and 1946 to establish a Research Board for National Security within the Federal government. It proceeds to consider the successful creation of the Office of Naval Research (ONR). As Congress continued to debate the possibility of a federally funded National Science Foundation, the chapter stresses that the ONR set an example for the federal funding of mathematical research under the sage guidance of Chicago-trained algebraist, Mina Rees. These political debates were set against backdrops of postwar program building and of what developed into a postwar publication crisis as the nation's journals were flooded with new mathematical results.
Sustaining and Building Research Agendas
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights the efforts of mathematicians to foster an ever-better research environment in the postwar years. At the turn of the twentieth century when Germany was widely considered the world leader in mathematics, Americans of the 1940s continued to recognize the validity of that concept. The chapter argues that they had been producing much mathematical research in the two decades immediately following the close of World War I; however, they continued to sense both that they had not quite pulled ahead and that their work was not as appreciated abroad as it should be. The chapter focuses on the conviction of the American community's leaders that its members were in the position of actually setting new research agendas. It emphasizes that it would define the mathematical problems that others both nationally and internationally would tackle. The chapter recounts Princeton's “Problems of Mathematics” conference which tacitly highlighted one of the areas of American mathematical expertise that had the deepest roots in the United States.
Milton
Authors: Hardie Philip
Published: September 2022

This chapter takes a step back in literary-historical time and reviews the celestial aspirations not just of Paradise Lost, but across the range of John Milton's poetic output both in English and in Latin. It points out Milton's sustained attention to the vertical axis, with the attendant repeated launches into flight, across the whole of his poetic career, in a manner comparable to the continuity of these themes across the poetic career of Virgil. Virgil's celestial aspirations had a massive influence on the post-Virgilian tradition, both antique and post-antique. The chapter discusses how Milton's celestial aspirations leave their traces through centuries of British poetry, as prominently in James Thomson as in any poet. It discusses the Miltonic allusions in Thomson's praises of Isaac Newton.
Epilogue
Authors: Hardie Philip
Published: September 2022

This chapter mentions the fashion for large-scale figurative walls and ceilings in Britain that was over by about 1740, but ceilings continued to open up to the heavens in other countries. It discusses the use of the pictorial vocabulary of apotheosis that survived longer in the republican United States, in the monumental apotheosis of George by the Italian painter Constantino Brumidi. The chapter analyzes the classicizing language of apotheosis that was revived for large panel paintings celebrating Horatio Nelson, after his death in the moment of victory at the battle of Trafalgar. The vertical thrust is particularly emphatic in Pierre Nicolas Legrand's painting, in which Nelson is borne upwards from the dark smoke of battle. It also cites a curious example of the panegyrical use of apotheosis from late Hanoverian Britain, which is a small panel painting of the Apotheosis of George III and the Royal Family dated in 1829.
Pathways in time and space
Authors: Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces animal domestication, which encompasses many kinds of interactions between humans and other species. It explains that animal domestication is a continuum of stages of a gradually intensifying relationship that ranges from anthropophily to commensalism, from control in the wild to control of captive animals, from extensive to intensive breeding, and in some cases, to owning of pets. A fundamental and primary aspect of domesticated animals is their tameness, meaning that they tolerate and are unafraid of human presence and handling. The chapter discusses the domestication of different species that has involved different kinds of interactions. It describes three separate pathways followed by animals into a domesticated relationship with humans: a commensal pathway, a prey pathway, and a direct pathway.
Ontogenetic change
Authors: Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: September 2022

This chapter talks about diverse developmental mechanisms that generate phenotypic divergence. Repatterning, modularity, and changes of ontogenetic trajectories are aspects of developmental change which benefit from methods aiming to quantify both morphometric and discrete ontogenetic data. The chapter also explores developmental repatterning that lead to evolutionary change and can occur via changes in position or in topology, amount, kind, and timing. It defines heterotopy as “different place” and refers to changes in the spatial/structural aspects of the ancestral developmental program, particularly in the location of developmental change. In a morphometric sense, heterotopy means that a descendent form differs from the ancestor in its trajectory of ontogenetic shape change in that the ratios of change are not conserved.
Vernacular English
Authors: Saxena Akshya
Published: September 2022

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the use of the English language in India, considering its story as the story of a people's vernacular in a postcolonial democracy. It defines vernacular English before tracing the history of the legislative adoption of English in India. Now more than ever in India, English is seen on bureaucratic documents, billboards, clothing, and storefronts—and heard in political slogans, classes in spoken English, and Bollywood films. This economy of literary, sonic, and visual English across languages and media—its use by people outside of traditional privileges of class, urbanism, and education—diminishes the authority of English as a language of global and colonial power. With such profound ubiquity, English demands newer ways of reading and conceptualizing language and power. The chapter explains that this book follows how English lives in other Indian languages and media, such as Hindi literature, bureaucratic documents, language legislation, Bollywood and international films, and public protests.
Law
Authors: Saxena Akshya
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the English language in India as an object of democratic promise shaped by the bilingual English—Hindi Indian Constitution and as part of the bureaucratic scriptural economy. With its opening proclamation of “We, the people of India,” the Constitution offers an exemplary case of a people speaking English. Of all the ironies that characterize postcolonial India, perhaps the biggest irony is that the language of the erstwhile colonizer came to be indispensably tied to postcolonial assertion. The Constitution carries a voice that belongs both to the sovereign people and the colonial and postcolonial state. The relation of English with Hindi and other Indian languages is a key way in which these competing voices are maintained. The chapter examines the life of English as just such a democratic object through India Demands English Language (1960), a little-known collection of pro-English essays by influential Indian political leaders, and contrasts the statist vision of English found there with the bureaucratic technics on the ground in Srilal Sukla's satirical Hindi novel Raag Darbari (1968) and Upamanyu Chatterjee's English novels, English, August (1988) and Mammaries of the Welfare State (2004).
Legislative Capacity, Executive Action, and Separation of Powers
Authors: Bolton Alexander , Thrower Sharece
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores legislative capacity, executive action, and separation of powers. Policymaking capacity refers to the legislatures' opportunities to influence policy through institutional rules and practices, while resource capacity is those tangible materials, institutions, and human capital that help legislatures in generating policy-related information and executing other tasks. However, legislature capacities would be completely meaningless for policy implementation if legislatures cannot capitalize on opportunities to employ them. On the other hand, statutory discretion could help reign down the executive power of legislative capacities. The chapter also covers how legislative capacity could affect unilateralism. It mentions how the separation of power could allow possibilities of evasion.
The Future of Legislative Capacity and Executive Power
Authors: Bolton Alexander , Thrower Sharece
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores the predicted future of legislative capacity and executive power. In US policymaking, legislative capacity has profound consequences for the distribution of power and shaping executive incentives. Additionally, legislative capacity influences the tides of a power shift between Congress and presidents. The chapter references the presidency of Donald Trump to expound on examples of the government exercising executive powers. Since technology assessment could improve congressional capacity, the Select Committee and other reformers believed in the need to revitalize the Office of Technology Assessments (OTA). However, the future of legislatures' power is dependent on their will to restrain the executive branch and their ability to front strong political headwinds.
Why Does Regionalism Occur in Transnational Human Activity?
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel
Published: September 2022

This chapter assesses why regionalism occurs in transnational human activity. Is it because countries within regions tend to be culturally similar, frequently sharing a common history, language, or religion? Is it because they have stronger economic bonds than countries situated in disparate regions? Is it because they often form part of the same supranational political community whose policies sometimes explicitly aim at increasing internal mobility and communication while enforcing external border controls? Or is it simply due to smaller geographic distances within regions? The answer may be a combination of all these factors—but in that case one might still want to know which factors are most influential in creating the intraregional agglomeration of human cross-border activity. Using a network-analytical modeling technique called multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure (MRQAP), the chapter establishes that while most of these factors play some role, spatial proximity is clearly the main explanation for the clustering of transnational activity within world regions. Its effect is particularly strong in Europe with its comparatively small geographic territory.
Delimiting Technologies
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter talks about the intimate space of the experimental psychology lab, wherein the task of delimiting the strengths and weaknesses of technologies was taken very seriously. Most of the lab training about what technologies can and cannot do focused on tools to scan and image the brain, tools that emerged after the “cognitive revolution.” The chapter cites explanations of why the cognitive revolution made understanding the brain a primary concern as the cognitive revolution was fought against behaviorism. The chapter details how John Watson ushered in the era of behaviorism, arguing that only behavior could be seen, measured, and analyzed scientifically. Watson’s insistence on the primacy of measuring behavior has not disappeared from psychological experiments as most students in labs began their graduate research with behavioral studies.
Stabilizing Subjects
Authors: Martin Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter reviews experiments in psychology that bring together a bundle of loosely coordinated elements. It emphasizes how participants, neurons, and devices need to be domesticated, as it were, to be tamed by being delimited in their ability to emit data toward a common goal. While it is easy to imagine that atoms, molecules, or cells could be observed under controlled conditions in the labs of physicists, chemists, or biologists, it is not so easy to imagine how human beings could be observed under controlled conditions. The chapter highlights what people bring into a psychological experiment, which is considered immensely variable. It details how the experimental setting must provide a context in which people occupy identical physical spaces and carry out carefully controlled identical tasks.
Inovasi Tata Kelola Badan Usaha Milik Desa Pendowo Mulyo
Authors: Khasanah Nabiila Rizqi
Published: September 2022

BUMDes badan usaha yang seluruh atau sebagian besar modalnya dimiliki oleh Desa melalui penyertaan secara langsung yang berasal dari kekayaan Desa, digabungkan dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat didalamnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana peneliti menganalisis subjek berdasar sumber data yang ada dengan mewawancara penanggungjawab BUMDes Pendowo Mulyo kemudian review data tersebut dianalisis sesuai data yang diperoleh, dengan tujuan menjabarkan hasil dari inovasi BUMDES Pendowo Mulyo di desa pendowoharjo. BUMDes Pendowo Mulyo yang berdiri sejak tahun 2017 yang mana terfokus pada persewan gedung dikelurahan, namun ada juga beberapa inovasi lain pada BUMDes Pendowo Mulyo seperti pengelolaan sampah, catering, multimedia, dan konveksi (kaos).
Bagaimana Komunitas PSK Melindungi Dirinya
Authors: Santury Firhandika Ade , Ardianto Hendra Try , Herawati Nunik Retno , Kushandajani Kushandajani
Published: September 2022

This article aims to look at the ambivalence of state governmentality in governing prostitution, as well as to see how the prostitution community is self-ruled to protect itself. This article was carried out through ethnographic work, which lasted for approximately one year, by observing, documenting, and interviewing various parties, from prostitute business networks to state officials. The findings of this article show that state governmentality is ineffective and create new problems that complicate the lives of prostitutes. On the other hand, because the state cannot be expected to protect the interests and needs of prostitutes, the prostitute community develops its way to rule and manage itself. The conclusion is that the state from the start only wanted to keep the public transcripts, not really want to appease or empower prostitutes. On the contrary, sex workers develop hidden transcripts to reject the state governmentality and create self-ruled to protect themselves.
3D Model of Bone Scaffolds Based on the Mechanical Behaviour for a Hybrid Nano Bio-composites
Authors: S. Kashan Jenan, , M. Ali Saad
Published: September 2022

Ceramic/polymer Nano composites in the view of possessing design uniqueness and property combinations have gained a great attention and reported to be the materials of the 21st century that are not found in conventional composites. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study, develop and improve the bio-mechanic for a designed and fabricated Ceramic/polymer bio-composite for a human natural bone repair and replacement in the case of complex fracture and bone diseases by adding the Nano fillers ceramic particles to the Polymer Matrix Nano composites (PMNC) for fabricated a hybrid Titanium dioxide and yttria stabilized zirconia reinforced high density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix bio-composites properties. These bioactive composites have been investigated by using hot pressing technique at different compression pressures of (30, 60, and 90 MPa) at a compounding temperature of (180, 190, and 200 °C). The SOLIDWORKS 17.0 and the finite element ANSYS 15.7 software programs were used to the simulation, modelling and analysing of femur bone biomechanics that can withstand the highest stresses and strains. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used to improve and verify the results. For all the fabricated Nano bio-composites systems, the results showed that the obtained output parameters values were increased with increasing the process input parameters, also the vice versa for the strain energy and equivalent elastic strain values, also the Nano ceramic compositions represented the main factor influenced the results. The main investigates results of the current research deduced that for the increase of the Nano ceramic powder (TiO2) contain from 1% to 10%, the compression fracture strength and the micro-Vickers hardness values increased by 50% and by 8.45%, respectively, and when adding 2% of zirconia (ZrO2), an additional increase in the compression fracture strength and micro hardness by 28.21% and 40.19% achieved, respectively. When using 10% TiO2 + 2% ZrO2/HDPE bio-composite at highest compact temperature of 200 °C and compounding pressure of 90 MPa, the strain energy and the equivalent elastic strain reduced by 82.69% and 14.53% when compared with using of 1% TiO2 content. While when increasing the nano ceramic content from 1% to 10% without adding the ZrO2 nano filler, they reduced by 142.25% and 67.81%, respectively. The maximum equivalent von Misses stress obtained is equal to 39.957MPa and when increasing the nano ceramic content from 1% to 10%, the stress safety factors and fatigue live values increased by 58.38% and by 46.28%, respectively and when adding 2% of zirconia (ZrO2), the stress safety factor reached its maximum values, with an additional increase in its values by 21.42% and 69.40%, respectively. These results give great choices to use successful in vivo tests and for a better life performance with any age, patient status and degree of injury.
Influence of Process Parameters in Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Process
Authors: Rosli Nor Ana , Alkahari Mohd Rizal , Ramli Faiz Redza , Sudin Mohd Nizam , Maidin Shajahan
Published: September 2022

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has developed a wide range of processes and applications. This technology is a new approach to modern manufacturing and is gaining interest from the research community due to its ability to create affordable, large-scale components. Nevertheless, WAAM may affected by porosity, humping and undercut. These issues need to be addressed in a specific way to achieve desired quality that is comparable to the traditional processing technique. This article examines various weld travel speeds, where defects start appearing. The effects of travel speed and wire feed speed (WFS) were also discussed. It was found that, travel speed and WFS had a major influence on deposition width and height and a stable deposited layer was produced between heat input values of 0.2620 kJ/mm and 0.32756 kJ/mm.
Review and Assessment of Intellectual Property Policy Implementation in Tanzanian Universities and Research Institutions of Health and Sciences
Authors: Mashoto Kijakazi Obed
Published: September 2022

Background: Intellectual Property Policy is one of the tools that can be used to address challenges faced by universities and research institutions in protecting and commercialising of products resulting from research activities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to the review and assess the implementation of IP policies in universities and research institutions of health and allied sciences in Tanzania. Methods: This study targeted universities and research institutions of health sciences in Tanzania. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and review of intellectual property policy documents. Results: Interviewed key informants indicated sub-optimal or lack of implementation of intellectual property policies in their respective institutions. Major reasons for lack or suboptimal implementation of intellectual property policy included limited awareness on existing institutions’ intellectual property policy, and in some institutions, lack of guidelines and regulations for implementation of intellectual property policy, and not knowing how and the importance of protecting and exploiting intellectual property. Conclusion: Sub optimal and non-implementation of Intellectual Property policy in the studied institutions can be partly attributed to lack of policy guidelines and low awareness on intellectual property policy among staff members. Effective approaches for dissemination of approved Intellectual Property policy, regulations and guidelines will enhance its implementation and hence promote IP protection and commercialisation.
Seroprevalence of IgG Rubella among Infants with Features Suggestive of Congenital Rubella Syndrome at a Tertiary Hospital in North Western Tanzania
Authors: Bendera Elice C. , Hokororo Adolfine , Mhada Tumaini V. , Mirambo Mariam , Kidenya Benson , Mahamba Dina C. , Mashuda Florentina , Kayange Neema , Mshana Stephen E.
Published: September 2022

Background: Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) is among the causes of infant mortality and lifelong disability due to severe birth defects. There has been an increasing number of neonates born with congenital abnormalities suggesting CRS, at the same time the rubella seroprevalence among pregnant mothers and healthy school children in the northwestern Tanzania has been noted to be alarmingly high. This study aimed to determine prevalence of rubella antibodies and associated factors among infants suspected to have CRS. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 174 infants aged ≤ 12 months with at least one clinical features of CRS. The study was conducted between Septembers 2017and March 2018 at Bugando Medical Centre, a consultant teaching hospital in North Western Tanzania. Collection of Social demographic and other relevant information was done hand in hand with screening for clinical symptoms suggestive of CRS and Blood samples were collected. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Test were conducted on collected sera to test for specific Rubella IgM and IgG antibodies. Results: The majority of enrolled infants were below 1 year of age; of these 83 (47.7%) were neonates and only 13.2% had received MR vaccine. Out of these, 111 (63.8%, 95%CI: 56.6-70.9) were IgG Rubella seropositive whereas none was IgM Rubella seropositive. In multivariate logistic regression analysis being neonate was the only factor that independently predicted rubella IgG seropositivity (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2 – 4.4; p=0.012) Conclusion: A significant proportion children (<12 months) with suspected CRS are IgG seropositive which is predicted by being a neonate (0-4weeks); this indicates high maternal seroprevalence and hence extended surveillance and measures to target women of child bearing age are recommended.
Who Should You Listen to in a Crisis? Differences in Communication of Central Bank Policymakers
Authors: Lehtimäki Jonne , Palmu Marianne
Published: September 2022

Communication has become a vital part of modern monetary policy, and its importance is even higher during a crisis when a central bank has to calm the markets down. This paper studies the information content of different styles of communication from individual central bank policymakers in the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve during a period of very high economic uncertainty, and whether it differs depending on the role or position of the speaker. The findings suggest that during the financial crisis there was a large variance in the information content of different policymakers and styles of communication.
Core Job Characteristics and Personal Work Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Critical Psychological States: Empirical Evidence from Northern Cyprus Hotel Sector
Authors: Sleimi Mohammad , Elayan Malek Bakheet , Hajleh Lamar Abu
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between core job characteristics (CJC) and personal work outcomes (OUT), as well as the roles of experienced meaningfulness of work (EMW) and experienced responsibility for outcomes of work (EROW) in mediating the CJC–OUT relationship. Specifically, this study attempts to examine the effectiveness of CJC in improving EMW and EROW and to shed light on the roles of EMW and EROW in enhancing the OUT of employees in the Northern Cyprus hotel sector.

Methods: This study adopted a quantitative approach to collect and analyze the data from 420 tourism stakeholders in Northern Cyprus hotel sector. A partial least squares (PLS) technique using Smart-PLS was applied to test the direct relationships within the research model and determine any mediating effects.

Results: The analysis revealed strong support for meaningfulness of work and experienced responsibility for outcomes of work acting as partial mediators in the relationship between core job characteristics and personal work outcomes. Moreover, core job characteristics was found to have a reasonable direct effect on personal work outcomes, experienced meaningfulness of work, and experienced responsibility for outcomes of work.

Conclusion: The current study points to the importance of including experienced meaningfulness of work and experienced responsibility for outcomes of work as mediating variables to understand better the relationship between core job characteristics and Personal work outcomes. Several theoretical and practical implications are included before pinpointing the directions of potential future studies that makeup on the evidence-based argument regarding the results of this study. Lastly, top management in hotel sector would benefit from job redesign because the results demonstrated that the core job characteristics have a positive effect on their work outcomes.
Ett handledarperspektiv på relationen mellan handledare och student
Authors: Engström Alexander
Published: September 2022

Handledning av studentuppsatser förknippas kanske primärt med textkritik och andra konkreta aspekter av handledningsprocessen. I denna text ligger fokus istället på relationen mellan handledare och handledd och hur denna kan betraktas som en viktig och kanske ibland förbisedd del av handledningsprocessen. Från en utgångspunkt om att relationen alltid finns, oavsett om den är bra eller dålig, beskriver denna reflektion ett handledarperspektiv på relationen mellan handledare och handledd. Detta innefattar reflektioner om själva relationsskapandet, alltså hur vi agerar som handledare för att bidra till att skapa en god relation. Andra aspekter som också lyfts fram är relationens roll för studentens självständighet och hur relationen kan få en betydelse efter att handledningen är avslutad. Avslutningsvis diskuteras även några hinder för relationen mellan handledare och handledd.
Akademisk litteracitet och uppsatsskrivande
Authors: Roelofs Kim
Published: September 2022

Studenter har inte alltid tillräckligt med erfarenhet av, till ex., akademiskt skrivande, datainsamling eller att analysera forskningsmaterial för att komma i gång med uppsatsskrivandet. Inom akademiska utbildningar finns ett stort fokus på självständighet. I denna text reflekterar jag över hur denna självständighet kan användas för att främja studenternas akademiska litteracitet. Jag menar att utveckling av akademiskt litteracitet ska ske utifrån en tanke om att studenter ska göra självständiga val och att handledning ska stödja studenterna i detta.
Successful treatment of a patient with idiopathic gastric necrosis
Authors: Vostroknutov I. V. , Kholmansky A. V. , Egorov A. F. , Shaltagachev A. V. , Lobanov A. V. , Papitova A. V. , Toedov E. E. , Kuka I. V. , Grigoryan L. A.
Published: September 2022

Necrosis of the stomach as an independent disease is quite rare, even less often - total idiopathic necrosis. We present a case of successful treatment of a patient with idiopathic stomach necrosis with a good outcome.
Efficiency of hybrid surgical treatment of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta aneurysm
Authors: Shlomin V. V. , Bondarenko P. B. , Shloydo E. A. , Puzdriak P. D. , Didenko Yu. P. , Uzhakhov I. R. , Petrova K. A. , Gusinskiy A. V. , Erofeev A. A. , Akimova K. R.
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE. Assessment of the mid-term results after various types of debranching in hybrid surgery of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. 47 patients with various pathologies of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta were operated on. Six of them suffered from type IIIa dissection and 26 from type IIIb dissection according to DeBakey classification, 15 patients had true aortic aneurysms. The following interventions were performed: total aortic arch debranching (n=5), cross subclavian-subclavian-left-common carotid (n=14) or cross carotid-carotid-subclavian bypass (n=7); subclavian-carotid transposition or bypass (n=12); Chimney technique for the aortic arch aneurysm (n=8); in situ fenestration of the endoprosthesis (n=1). Elective surgery was performed in 32 patients, emergency in 15.

RESULTS. Technical success achieved in 100 %. The overall hospital mortality rate was 10.6 % (n=5), elective surgery mortality rate was 9.3 % (n=3), in emergency cases - 13.3 % (n=2). Causes of mortality: stroke (n=1), multiple organ failure after prosthetic ascending aorta due to retrograde dissection after stent graft implantation (n=1), pneumonia (n=1), acute myocardial infarction (n=1), profuse bleeding (n=1). Cumulative survival rate was 87.5 % over 5 years, freedom from reinterventions - 89.1 %. During the first year of observation, 3 patients underwent stent graft replacement of the descending thoracic aorta due to formation of a dissection below the primary stent graft (n=1), open prosthesis of the ascending aorta due to it retrograde dissection (n=1), endofixation of the stent graft with embolization of the false lumen (n=1).

CONCLUSION. Hybrid surgery on the aortic arch and the descending thoracic aorta is safe and effective treatment. Regular follow-up and timely treatment of complications in the long term after hybrid or endovascular interventions are necessary to improve long-term results.
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yu.l. Shevchenko and his role in the development of Russian healthcare (on the 75th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Bagnenko S. F. , Khubulava G. G. , Sizenko V. V. , Volkov A. M.
Published: September 2022

В статье отражена роль академика РАН Ю.Л. Шевченко в развитии отечественного здравоохранения.
Risk factors for infectious complications after total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Boyarov A. A. , Ambrosenkov A. V. , Aliev A. G. , Tikhilov R. M. , Shubnyakov I. I.
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION. Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is a good alternative surgical solution for many patients with severe traumatic and inflammatory joint injuries. However, this surgical procedure is characterized by a rather high incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI): from 3 to 8 %. At present, the issue of the influence of various factors on the risk of PJI is relevant.

The OBJECTIVE of the study was to identify risk factors for the development of PJI after primary TEA.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. In a retrospective study, the data of 485 patients who underwent primary and revision TEA from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed. The total number of studied patients was divided into 2 groups. The main group consisted of 51 patients who underwent revision TEA for PJI. The control group included 434 patients who underwent primary TEA.

RESULTS. Evaluation of the effect of the primary diagnosis on the risk of PJI development showed a statistically significant relationship only in patients with gunshot wounds of the elbow joint (p=0.01). In the study of possible anamnestic factors, the following were significant: a history of previous interventions on elbow joint (p=0.004), previous infection (p <0.001) and open fracture of the elbow (p=0.009).

CONCLUSION. In the course of the study, we proved the influence of anamnestic factors in the occurrence of PJI. Performing a two-stage revision allows stopping the infectious process with high efficiency in most cases.
Abordagem geral do Divertículo de Zenker: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Fraga Anna Luiza Guimarães , Porto Gustavo Martins de Araujo , Martins Pedro Henrique Pinto , Corrêa Alba Arbex , Breves Renzo Curty , Andrade Andressa Borges da Cunha , Cerqueira Peter Allison Soares , Gomes Victória Abreu , Moreira Luisa Leite , Ferraz Adriana Rodrigues
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Relatar a abordagem geral do Divertículo de Zenker (DZ), abordando desde a epidemiologia até o tratamento. Revisão bibliográfica: O DZ é uma condição relativamente rara encontrada no esôfago, na parede muscular posterior da hipofaringe e possui maior incidência em idosos do sexo masculino. A fisiopatologia ainda é motivo de controvérsias, acredita-se que é um processo multifatorial no qual forças contribuem para o aumento da pressão no lúmen esofágico desenvolvendo sua evaginação. Inicialmente os pacientes são assintomáticos e com o passar do tempo, com o aumento dos sacos diverticulares há o aparecimento dos sintomas. O diagnóstico se dá através da deglutição de bário, teste mais importante, onde haverá ampliação típica na superfície dorsal do esôfago. Ultrassonografia é o teste diagnóstico alternativo para aqueles pacientes com contra-indicação ou dificuldade de ingestão do bário. O tratamento é feito por via cirúrgica ou endoscópica, não havendo consenso de qual técnica é mais adequada, porém a maioria dos estudos demonstram preferência pelo procedimento cirúrgico, com a remoção completa do divertículo. Considerações finais: O DZ é uma enfermidade rara, de início assintomático e que pode ser confundido com outras patologias mais prevalentes. Quando presente deve ser tratada de forma cirúrgica ou endoscópica.
A espiritualidade como terapêutica para o idoso cardiopata
Authors: Fogaça Diógenes Antônio , Portuguez Mirna Wetters
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Compreender de que forma a espiritualidade atua como terapêutica para o paciente idoso cardiopata. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de artigos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Web of Science, na língua inglesa, a partir de 2012, que abordassem a espiritualidade na terapêutica das doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes idosos. Resultados: Com base em 17 artigos analisados integralmente, tem-se que a espiritualidade se constitui como preditor de resiliência, controlando a ansiedade relacionada à doença cardiovascular e demais sintomas que envolvem a emoção. Em alguns casos, constata-se que um alto grau de espiritualidade pode ser fator a reduzir o risco de mortalidade em comparação com aqueles da categoria de baixa religiosidade. No entanto, alguns achados demonstram que a espiritualidade não apresenta correlação significativa. Considerações finais: As evidências apontam que a satisfação das necessidades espirituais está associada ao bem-estar físico e psicológico e ao enfrentamento dos desafios físicos e emocionais da doença cardiovascular, atuando como promotora no sentido de otimizar a qualidade de vida, o significado e a sensação de paz. Verificou-se a necessidade de pesquisas cujo delineamento esteja voltado à produção de evidências relacionadas ao tema objeto de investigação.
Downward penetrating endplate screw technique under O-arm navigation posterior fusion in patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Authors: Shiraishi Daimon , Yamamoto Yu , Motonori Ishii , Nishimura Yusuke , Hara Masahito , Saito Ryuta , Takayasu Masakazu
Published: September 2022

Background:

A downward penetrating endplate screw (PES) technique combined with caudal anchor screws inserted in the upward direction under O-arm navigation (i.e., crossing screw technique) avoided screw backout and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in three patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

Methods:

The PES techniques were utilized for patients with T12 (one patient) and L1 (two patients) spontaneous fusion across the targeted vertebrae, with minimal damage to the involved endplates/intervertebral discs. The average number of instrumented vertebrae was 5.3.

Results:

There were no perioperative complications over the mean follow-up period of 28.7 months; no screw loosening, and no PJK.

Conclusion:

The PES technique prevented screw backout, and PJK in three patients with lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures and DISH.