bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Seasonal Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Activity: Robust Assessment of Prediction Skill and Predictability
Authors: Zhang Gan , Murakami Hiroyuki , Gudgel Rich , Yang Xiaosong
Published: May 2019

Improving the seasonal prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity demands a robust analysis of the prediction skill and the inherent predictability of TC activity. Using the resampling technique, this study analyzes a state‐of‐the‐art prediction system and offers a robust assessment of when and where the seasonal prediction of TC activity is skillful. We found that uncertainties of initial conditions affect the predictions and the skill evaluation significantly. The sensitivity of predictions to initial conditions also suggests that landfall and high‐latitude activity are inherently harder to predict. The lower predictability is consistent with the relatively low prediction skill in these regions. Additionally, the lower predictability is largely related to the atmospheric environment rather than the sea surface temperature, at least for the predictions initialized shortly before the hurricane season. These findings suggest the potential for improving the seasonal TC prediction and will help the development of the next‐generation prediction systems.
Phenology Dynamics of Dryland Ecosystems Along the North Australian Tropical Transect Revealed by Satellite Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence
Authors: Wang Cong , Beringer Jason , Hutley Lindsay B. , Cleverly James , Li Jing , Liu Qinhuo , Sun Ying
Published: May 2019

Accurate phenological characterization of dryland ecosystems has remained a challenge due to the complex composition of plant functional types, each having distinct phenological dynamics, sensitivity to climate, and disturbance. Solar‐Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), a proxy for photosynthesis, offers potential to alleviate such challenge. We here explore this potential using dryland systems along the North Australian Tropical Transect with SIF derived from Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2. SIF identified the seasonal onset and senescence of Gross Primary Production at eddy covariance sites with improved accuracy over Enhanced Vegetation Index and Near‐Infrared Reflectance of terrestrial Vegetation from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, especially at inland xeric shrublands. At regional scale, SIF depicted both earlier onset and senescence across North Australian Tropical Transect. We hypothesized that SIF outperformed Enhanced Vegetation Index and Near‐Infrared Reflectance of terrestrial Vegetation mainly because, unlike reflectance, it is not contaminated by background soil, and its total signal is contributed by mixed plant species in additive way.
Dissolved Organic Radiocarbon in the Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Druffel Ellen R. M. , Griffin Sheila , Wang Ning , Garcia Noreen G. , McNichol Ann P. , Key Robert M. , Walker Brett D.
Published: May 2019

We report marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and DOC ∆14C and δ13C values in seawater collected from the central Pacific. Surface ∆14C values are low in equatorial and polar regions where upwelling occurs and high in subtropical regions dominated by downwelling. A core feature of these data is that 14C aging of DOC (682 ± 86 14C years) and dissolved inorganic carbon (643 ± 40 14C years) in Antarctic Bottom Water between 54.0°S and 53.5°N are similar. These estimates of aging are minimum values due to mixing with deep waters. We also observe minimum ∆14C values (−550‰ to −570‰) between the depths of 2,000 and 3,500 m in the North Pacific, though the source of the low values cannot be determined at this time.
Estimation of Metal Emissions From Tropical Peatland Burning in Indonesia by Controlled Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Das Reshmi , Wang Xianfeng , Itoh Masayuki , Shiodera Satomi , Kuwata Mikinori
Published: May 2019

The tropical peatland burning in Indonesia is one of the most significant types of wildfires on a global scale. Previous studies indicated the importance of metal emissions from Indonesian wildfires. However, metal emission profiles from Indonesian wildfires have not been quantified well yet. To address this issue, we analyzed metals and metalloids emitted from combustion experiments of peat and vegetation growing over peatland in Indonesia. The analyzed elements include Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Sn, and Pb. The emission ratios of aerosol particles emitted from combustion of the ombrotrophic peat and vegetation agreed within a factor of few, regardless of the variability in the elemental compositions of the original fuel. In both cases, the emission ratios of Ca were the highest, followed by crustal elements Fe and Al. The concentration ratios of crustal and biogenic elements (Fe/Al and Zn/Fe) were found to be a useful metric to infer dominant fuel types. Namely, the concentration ratio of Fe/Al was high (6.2 ± 4.4) for peat combustion particles, while the value was lower (1.9 ± 1.3) when plant burning was conducted. The emission ratios of the metals were combined with an existing emission inventory to estimate the emission rates of the analyzed metals. The emission rates of carcinogenic metals, such as Cr and Ni, were estimated to be 0.02 and 0.013 Gg/year, respectively. The analysis also indicated that the peatland burning could be one of the important sources of atmospheric Fe in the region.
Atmospheric Photolysis of Methyl Ethyl, Diethyl, and Propyl Ethyl Ketones: Temperature‐Dependent UV Absorption Cross Sections
Authors: Brewer Jared F. , Papanastasiou Dimitrios K. , Burkholder James B. , Fischer Emily V. , Ren Yangang , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: May 2019

Ketone photolysis is a potentially important source of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere. To represent this photolysis, models need to include actinic flux, quantum yield, and absorption cross sections over a range of atmospherically relevant conditions. This work seeks to improve the representation of ketone ultraviolet (UV) absorption by quantifying it as a function of temperature. We present observations of 1‐nm resolution absorption cross sections from 200 to 335 nm of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and diethyl ketone (DEK) at temperatures between 242 and 320 K, as well as propyl ethyl ketone (PEK) cross sections at 296 K. Our measured room temperature absorption cross sections agree to within 2%, 2%, and 5% with previous studies for MEK, DEK, and PEK spectra, respectively. We parameterize the temperature dependence of the cross sections of MEK and DEK using a two‐state model, which reproduces our experimental results well. With additional assumptions, this model can be applied to the temperature dependence of PEK in the absence of experimental data. This model is appropriate for atmospherically relevant temperatures both inside and outside the temperatures used in this study and is suitable for incorporation into model atmospheric photolysis schemes. R programs to facilitate usage of these data are included in the supporting information. Inclusion of temperature‐dependent absorption cross sections in atmospheric photolysis calculations decreased the rate coefficients of MEK, DEK, and PEK photolysis in the upper troposphere when compared to those calculated using only the room temperature cross sections; the decrease can be as large as 20–25%.
Correction: Neurotensin and its receptors mediate neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhu Shimiao , Tian Hao , Niu Xiaodan , Wang Jiang , Li Xing , Jiang Ning , Wen Simeng , Chen Xuanrong , Ren Shancheng , Xu Chuanliang , Chang Chawnshang , Flores-Morales Amilcar , Shang Zhiqun , Sun Yinghao , Niu Yuanjie
Published: May 2019

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
An archaeal symbiont-host association from the deep terrestrial subsurface
Authors: Schwank Katrin , Bornemann Till L V , Dombrowski Nina , Spang Anja , Banfield Jillian F , Probst Alexander J
Published: May 2019

DPANN archaea have reduced metabolic capacities and are diverse and abundant in deep aquifer ecosystems, yet little is known about their interactions with other microorganisms that reside there. Here, we provide evidence for an archaeal host-symbiont association from a deep aquifer system at the Colorado Plateau (Utah, USA). The symbiont, Candidatus Huberiarchaeum crystalense, and its host, Ca. Altiarchaeum hamiconexum, show a highly significant co-occurrence pattern over 65 metagenome samples collected over six years. The physical association of the two organisms was confirmed with genome-informed fluorescence in situ hybridization depicting small cocci of Ca. H. crystalense attached to Ca. A. hamiconexum cells. Based on genomic information, Ca. H. crystalense potentially scavenges vitamins, sugars, nucleotides, and reduced redox-equivalents from its host and thus has a similar metabolism as Nanoarchaeum equitans. These results provide insight into host-symbiont interactions among members of two uncultivated archaeal phyla that thrive in a deep subsurface aquifer.
Checkpoint blockade and nanosonosensitizer-augmented noninvasive sonodynamic therapy combination reduces tumour growth and metastases in mice
Authors: Yue Wenwen , Chen Liang , Yu Luodan , Zhou Bangguo , Yin Haohao , Ren Weiwei , Liu Chang , Guo Lehang , Zhang Yifeng , Sun Liping , Zhang Kun , Xu Huixiong , Chen Yu
Published: May 2019

Combined checkpoint blockade (e.g., PD1/PD-L1) with traditional clinical therapies can be hampered by side effects and low tumour-therapeutic outcome, hindering broad clinical translation. Here we report a combined tumour-therapeutic modality based on integrating nanosonosensitizers-augmented noninvasive sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. All components of the nanosonosensitizers (HMME/R837@Lip) are clinically approved, wherein liposomes act as carriers to co-encapsulate sonosensitizers (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)) and immune adjuvant (imiquimod (R837)). Using multiple tumour models, we demonstrate that combining nanosonosensitizers-augmented SDT with anti-PD-L1 induces an anti-tumour response, which not only arrests primary tumour progression, but also prevents lung metastasis. Furthermore, the combined treatment strategy offers a long-term immunological memory function, which can protect against tumour rechallenge after elimination of the initial tumours. Therefore, this work represents a proof-of-concept combinatorial tumour therapeutics based on noninvasive tumours-therapeutic modality with immunotherapy.
Side chain to main chain hydrogen bonds stabilize a polyglutamine helix in a transcription factor
Authors: Escobedo Albert , Topal Busra , Kunze Micha B. A. , Aranda Juan , Chiesa Giulio , Mungianu Daniele , Bernardo-Seisdedos Ganeko , Eftekharzadeh Bahareh , Gairí Margarida , Pierattelli Roberta , Felli Isabella C. , Diercks Tammo , Millet Oscar , García Jesús , Orozco Modesto , Crehuet Ramon , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Salvatella Xavier
Published: May 2019

Polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are regions of low sequence complexity frequently found in transcription factors. Tract length often correlates with transcriptional activity and expansion beyond specific thresholds in certain human proteins is the cause of polyQ disorders. To study the structural basis of the association between tract length, transcriptional activity and disease, we addressed how the conformation of the polyQ tract of the androgen receptor, associated with spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), depends on its length. Here we report that this sequence folds into a helical structure stabilized by unconventional hydrogen bonds between glutamine side chains and main chain carbonyl groups, and that its helicity directly correlates with tract length. These unusual hydrogen bonds are bifurcate with the conventional hydrogen bonds stabilizing α-helices. Our findings suggest a plausible rationale for the association between polyQ tract length and androgen receptor transcriptional activity and have implications for establishing the mechanistic basis of SBMA.
Transmission of natural scene images through a multimode fibre
Authors: Caramazza Piergiorgio , Moran Oisín , Murray-Smith Roderick , Faccio Daniele
Published: May 2019

The optical transport of images through a multimode fibre remains an outstanding challenge with applications ranging from optical communications to neuro-imaging. State of the art approaches either involve measurement and control of the full complex field transmitted through the fibre or, more recently, training of artificial neural networks that however, are typically limited to image classes belong to the same class as the training data set. Here we implement a method that statistically reconstructs the inverse transformation matrix for the fibre. We demonstrate imaging at high frame rates, high resolutions and in full colour of natural scenes, thus demonstrating general-purpose imaging capability. Real-time imaging over long fibre lengths opens alternative routes to exploitation for example for secure communication systems, novel remote imaging devices, quantum state control processing and endoscopy.
Author Correction: Dissymmetry enhancement in enantioselective synthesis of helical polydiacetylene by application of superchiral light
Authors: He Chenlu , Yang Guang , Kuai Yan , Shan Sizhen , Yang Lin , Hu Jingang , Zhang Douguo , Zhang Qijin , Zou Gang
Published: May 2019

The original version of the Article contained an error in Figure 2 in which the TEM images in Fig. 2b and d were incorrect. Additionally, the seventh sentence of the ‘Mechanism for the dissymmetry enhancement of SCL field’ section of the Methods originally contained a mistake in the first equation. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Quantum computing with graphene plasmons
Authors: Alonso Calafell I. , Cox J. D. , Radonjić M. , Saavedra J. R. M. , García de Abajo F. J. , Rozema L. A. , Walther P.
Published: May 2019

Among the various approaches to quantum computing, all-optical architectures are especially promising due to the robustness and mobility of single photons. However, the creation of the two-photon quantum logic gates required for universal quantum computing remains a challenge. Here we propose a universal two-qubit quantum logic gate, where qubits are encoded in surface plasmons in graphene nanostructures, that exploits graphene's strong third-order nonlinearity and long plasmon lifetimes to enable single-photon-level interactions. In particular, we utilize strong two-plasmon absorption in graphene nanoribbons, which can greatly exceed single-plasmon absorption to create a “square-root-of-swap” that is protected by the quantum Zeno effect against evolution into undesired failure modes. Our gate does not require any cryogenic or vacuum technology, has a footprint of a few hundred nanometers, and reaches fidelities and success rates well above the fault-tolerance threshold, suggesting that graphene plasmonics offers a route towards scalable quantum technologies.
Virtual multi-alignment theory of parallel-beam CT image reconstruction for elastic objects
Authors: Jun Kyungtaek , Jung Joeun
Published: May 2019

In parallel-beam tomography, the virtual alignment method plays an important role in obtaining an ideally aligned reconstruction of a rigid specimen. Furthermore, the method has been developed for elastic specimens with specific motions such as periodic motion, regular expansion or contraction, and elliptical expansion or contraction to obtain a sinogram with an ideal sinogram pattern by transforming an elastic-type projection image set into a rigid-type projection image set satisfying the Helgason-Ludwig consistency condition. In this article, we present a method to convert a combined elastic specimen to a rigid specimen using the virtual multi-alignment method that allows us to obtain an ideally multi-aligned reconstruction of a combined elastic specimen.
The fate of O2 in photocatalytic CO2 reduction on TiO2 under conditions of highest purity
Authors: Dilla Martin , Jakubowski Alina , Ristig Simon , Strunk Jennifer , Schlögl Robert
Published: May 2019

Modification of P25-TiO2 with IrOx allowed the detection of gas-phase O2 during photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O. The effect on the overall CO2 conversion on P25 is discussed.
A tungsten oxide–lutetium bisphthalocyanine n–p–n heterojunction: from nanomaterials to a new transducer for chemo-sensing
Authors: Bouvet M. , Mateos M. , Wannebroucq A. , Navarrete E. , Llobet E.
Published: May 2019

An organic–inorganic heterojunction with an n-type behavior to detect ammonia in a humid atmosphere.
Highly stable near-infrared dye conjugated cerasomes for fluorescence imaging-guided synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Xu , Liang Xiaolong , Ma Xiaotu , Hou Rui , Li Xiaoda , Wang Fan
Published: May 2019

Dye-conjugated cerasome loaded with DOX exhibited high stability and controllable drug release, holding great promise in colorectal cancer photothermal chemotherapy.
Anthracene-based azo dyes for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer
Authors: Oldacre Amanda N. , Pointer Craig A. , Martin Shea M. , Kemmerer Amanda , Young Elizabeth R.
Published: May 2019

Herein, we report a new donor–acceptor system for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leverages an azo linkage as the proton-sensitive component and anthracene as a photo-trigger.
GSH-activated MRI-guided enhanced photodynamic- and chemo-combination therapy with a MnO2-coated porphyrin metal organic framework
Authors: Tian Xue-Tao , Cao Pei-Pei , Zhang Hui , Li Yu-Hao , Yin Xue-Bo
Published: May 2019

Upon endocytosis of DOX@PCN@MnO2@PAH, MnO2 consumes GSH, promoting the generation of 1O2, together with GSH-activated T1-MRI and release of the drug.
Co(iii)-catalyzed Z-selective oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling of alkenes with triisopropylsilylacetylene
Authors: Zhao Tingxing , Qin Dekun , Han Weiguo , Yang Shiping , Feng Boya , Gao Ge , You Jingsong
Published: May 2019

An inexpensive Co(iii)-catalyzed direct oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction of acrylamides with triisopropylsilylacetylene to synthsize (Z)-1,3-enynes is presented.
The effect of amorphization on the molecular motion of the 2-methylimidazolate linkers in ZIF-8
Authors: Ogiwara Naoki , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Donoshita Masaki , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Horike Satoshi , Stepanov Alexander G. , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: May 2019

We investigated the effect of amorphization on the mobility of the organic linkers in a metal–organic framework.
Dissecting celastrol with machine learning to unveil dark pharmacology
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , de Almeida Bernardo P. , Barbosa-Morais Nuno L. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: May 2019

Using in silico methods, dark pharmacology of celastrol was unveiled and correlated with the antiproliferative activity.
Direct observation of C60− nano-ion gas phase ozonation via ion mobility-mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Chenxi , Hogan Jr Christopher J.
Published: May 2019

Atmospheric pressure differential mobility analysis-mass spectrometry facilitates determination of nano-ion-neutral reaction rates approaching the collision controlled limit.
Ultrafast photoisomerisation of an isolated retinoid
Authors: Bull James N. , West Christopher W. , Anstöter Cate S. , da Silva Gabriel , Bieske Evan J. , Verlet Jan R. R.
Published: May 2019

The photoinduced excited state dynamics of gas-phase trans-retinoate (deprotonated trans-retinoic acid, trans-RA−) are studied using tandem ion mobility spectrometry coupled with laser spectroscopy, and frequency-, angle- and time-resolved photoelectron imaging.
A first peek into sub-picosecond dynamics of spin energy levels in magnetic biomolecules
Authors: Rosaleny Lorena E. , Zinovjev Kirill , Tuñón Iñaki , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro
Published: May 2019

Molecular dynamics and crystal field analysis are combined to obtain information about the real-time interaction between the spin energy levels and the dynamics of the molecular structure, at all relevant time scales.
Cleaving DNA-model phosphodiester with Lewis acid–base catalytic sites in bifunctional Zr–MOFs
Authors: Zhou Ying-Hua , Zhang Zhiyan , Patrick Margaret , Yang Fan , Wei Rangling , Cheng Yong , Gu Jing
Published: May 2019

UiO-67-bpydc-Zn with isolated multi-catalytic active sites was fabricated as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate as a DNA model. The enhanced activity may likely be attributed to the cooperation effects between the Lewis acid from the zirconium center at the node and the zinc hydroxide Lewis base in the linkers.
On solvated tin(iv) ions and the coordination chemistry of high-valent d10 metal ions
Authors: Lundberg Daniel , Persson Ingmar
Published: May 2019

The first methyltin(iv) solvate, formed through slow oxidation in organic medium (dmso), has been structurally determined in solution and solid state.
Efficiency and stability of narrow-gap semiconductor-based photoelectrodes
Authors: Zheng Jianyun , Zhou Huaijuan , Zou Yuqin , Wang Ruilun , Lyu Yanhong , Jiang San Ping , Wang Shuangyin
Published: May 2019

The efficiency and stability of narrow-gap semiconductor-based photoelectrodes are two fundamental factors for realizing their industrial solar-to-fuel conversion.
Self-solidification ionic liquids as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production
Authors: Lin Xiaocheng , Ling Xiaomei , Chen Jinyi , Li Meichen , Xu Tongwen , Qiu Ting
Published: May 2019

A simple and mild method has been developed to fabricate solid ionic liquids with high catalytic activity and excellent stability for efficient biodiesel production.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of ferrocene–oxime ether benzyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids
Authors: Swetha Yagnam , Reddy Eda Rami , Kumar Jakku Ranjith , Trivedi Rajiv , Giribabu Lingamallu , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Rathod Balaji , Prakasham Reddy Shetty
Published: May 2019

A series of ferrocene–oxime ether benzyl 1H-1,2,3 triazole hybrids has been synthesized by employing Cu(i) catalyzed azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition reaction and their antibacterial and antifungal activities are reported.
In situ TEM observation of Au–Cu2O core–shell growth in liquids
Authors: Chen Fu-Chun , Chen Jui-Yuan , Lin Ya-Hsuan , Kuo Ming-Yu , Hsu Yung-Jung , Wu Wen-Wei
Published: May 2019

The formation of different shapes Au–Cu2O core–shell nanoparticles was investigated by in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM).
Enhancing light absorption by colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dots via chalcogenol(ate) surface ligands
Authors: Giansante Carlo
Published: May 2019

Chemical species at the surface of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals markedly contribute to the overall electronic structure.
Hollow mesoporous ruthenium nanoparticles conjugated bispecific antibody for targeted anti-colorectal cancer response of combination therapy
Authors: Xu Meng , Wen Yayu , Liu Yanan , Tan Xianjie , Chen Xu , Zhu Xufeng , Wei Chunfang , Chen Lanmei , Wang Zhong , Liu Jie
Published: May 2019

Using bionanotechnology, it is possible to achieve improved co-delivery of two or more drugs for combination therapy against colorectal cancer.
In situ growth of ZIF-8-derived ternary ZnO/ZnCo2O4/NiO for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Chengxiang , Hao Chen , Ye Zhaochun , Zhou Saisai , Wang Xiaohong , Zhu Linli , Wu Jingbo
Published: May 2019

In situ growth of ZIF-8-derived ternary ZnO/ZnCo2O4/NiO wrapped by nanosheets for high performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Fe-Catalyzed decarbonylative cascade reaction of N-aryl cinnamamides with aliphatic aldehydes to construct 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Gao Ru-Xin , Luan Xin-Qi , Xie Zi-Yi , Yang Luo , Pei Yong
Published: May 2019

A practical Fe-catalyzed decarbonylative cascade reaction of N-aryl cinnamamides with aliphatic aldehydes to provide C3 alkylated 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones is developed.
Recent progress in photochemical radical di- and mono-fluoromethylation
Authors: Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka
Published: May 2019

Di- and mono-fluoromethyl radicals can be easily accessed by photochemical protocols.
DFT studies on metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization oftrans-1,5-enynes to cyclopropane sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Sotorríos Lia , Demertzidou Vera P. , Zografos Alexandros L. , Gómez-Bengoa Enrique
Published: May 2019

DFT studies reveal the distinct fates of 1,2- and 1,3-acetate migration in the cycloisomerization reaction of 1,5-enynes and the significant differences between platinum(ii) and gold(i) catalysis.
A stable 1D helical silver coordination polymer with red emission
Authors: Li Yuan , Lu Shu-Han , Zhao Rui-dun , Lu Zhi-Xiang , Liu Xiao-Lan , Qin Yu , Yang Shao-Xiong , Zheng Li-Yan , Cao Qiu-e
Published: May 2019

Here, a new 1D helical chain coordination polymer with enhanced chemical stability and fluorescence emission was prepared by introducing a benzimidazole molecule into Ag12 clusters.
A bis-benzimidazole PMO ratiometric fluorescence sensor exhibiting AIEE and ESIPT for sensitive detection of Cu2+
Authors: Hao Xiafan , Han Shuhua , Zhu Jingtao , Hu Yongfeng , Chang Lo Yueh , Pao Chih-Wen , Chen Jeng-Lung , Chen Jin-Ming , Haw Shu-Chih
Published: May 2019

A novel bis-benzimidazole organic siloxane precursor (BBM-Si) was prepared, and was combined with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a mixed Si source.
The preparation of organophosphorus ligand-modified SBA-15 for effective adsorption of Congo red and Reactive red 2
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Chuting , Li Yi , Chen Min , Hu Sheng , Cheng Haiming
Published: May 2019

P,P-bis (2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)-N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)phosphinic amide (APTES-BOP)-modified SBA-15 (SBA-15-BOP) was prepared by a post-synthesis grafting method for the removal of anionic azo dyes from aqueous solutions.
Correction: Culturing and patch clamping of Jurkat T cells and neurons on Al2O3 coated nanowire arrays of altered morphology
Authors: Harberts Jann , Zierold Robert , Fendler Cornelius , Koitmäe Aune , Bayat Parisa , Fernandez-Cuesta Irene , Loers Gabriele , Diercks Björn-Philipp , Fliegert Ralf , Guse Andreas H. , Ronning Carsten , Otnes Gaute , Borgström Magnus , Blick Robert H.
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Culturing and patch clamping of Jurkat T cells and neurons on Al2O3 coated nanowire arrays of altered morphology’ by Jann Harberts et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 11194–11201.
Flexible composite-nanofiber based piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators for wearable electronics
Authors: Wu Yinghong , Qu Jingkui , Daoud Walid A. , Wang Lingyun , Qi Tao
Published: May 2019

A flexible BCZT/PVDF-HFP composite-nanofiber based PTNG is developed. The uniform distribution of BCZT nanoparticles on the fiber surface significantly enhances the electrical properties, where the highest output is achieved when BCZT is prepared via the sol–gel method.
Donor–acceptor copolymers containing bithiophene and dithiophenylthienothiadiazole units with fast electrochromic response
Authors: Cimrová Věra , Výprachtický Drahomír , Pokorná Veronika
Published: May 2019

New copolymers exhibit interesting electrochromic behaviour with fast response times and they are of interest for optical switching.
Cationic compositional effects on the bias-stress stabilities of thin film transistors using In–Ga–Zn–O channels prepared by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Ko Seung-Bo , Seong Nak-Jin , Choi Kyujeong , Yoon So-Jung , Choi Se-Na , Yoon Sung-Min
Published: May 2019

Cationic compositional effects of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were strategically investigated for thin film transistor applications.
Incorporating a tercarbazole donor in a spiro-type host material for efficient RGB phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhu Xiang-Dong , Zhang Yuan-Lan , Yuan Yi , Zheng Qi , Yu You-Jun , Li Yun , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: May 2019

TCZSO2is the first reported universal host for RGB emitters with a small roll-off in a spiro-type system.
A theoretical study on a series of polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons—dinaphthobenzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutadienes with tunable charge transport properties by controlling [N]phenylenes and (anti)aromaticity
Authors: Yin Hang , Zheng Daoyuan , Qiao Yan , Chen Xiaofang
Published: May 2019

A multi-dimensional relationship founded on the targeted [N] number, the energy gap (Eg) and the aromatic degree was constructed for predicting cyclobutadienoid-containing dinaphthobenzo[1,2:4,5]dicyclobutadienes (DNBDCs) with better charge transport properties.
Designing active RNF4 monomers by introducing a tryptophan: avidity towards E2∼Ub conjugates dictates the activity of ubiquitin RING E3 ligases
Authors: Sarkar Sayani , Behera Adaitya Prasad , Borar Prateeka , Banka Prerana Agarwal , Datta Ajit B.
Published: May 2019

Ubiquitin RING E3 ligases (E3s) catalyze ubiquitin (Ub) transfer to their substrates by engaging E2∼Ub intermediates with the help of their RING domains. Different E3s have been found to contain a conserved tryptophan residue in their RING that plays an essential role in E2 binding and, hence, enzymatic activity. Many active E3s, however, lack this specific residue. We mined through the existing data to observe that the conservation of the tryptophan and quaternary organization of the RING domains are remarkably correlated. Monomeric RINGs possess the tryptophan while all well-characterized dimeric RINGs, except RNF8, contain other amino acid residues. Biochemical analyses on representative E3s and their mutants reveal that the tryptophan is essential for optimal enzymatic activity of monomeric RINGs whereas dimeric E3s with tryptophan display hyperactivity. Most critically, the introduction of the tryptophan restores the activity of inactive monomeric RNF4 mutants, an obligatory dimeric E3. Binding studies indicate that monomeric RINGs retained the tryptophan for their optimal functionality to compensate for weak Ub binding. On the other hand, tryptophan was omitted from dimeric RINGs during the course of evolution to prevent unwanted modifications and allow regulation of their activity through oligomerization.
Nonword Repetition Across Two Dialects of English: Effects of Specific Language Impairment and Nonmainstream Form Density
Authors: McDonald Janet L. , Oetting Janna B.
Published: May 2019

Purpose

Nonword repetition (NWR) has been proposed as a culturally and linguistically fair measure of children's language abilities that is useful for the identification of specific language impairment (SLI). However,
Moyle, Heilmann, and Finneran (2014)
suggested that the density of a child's nonmainstream forms also influences NWR in ways that could complicate its use. Using speakers of either African American English (AAE) or Southern White English (SWE), we asked if NWR performance differed in children with SLI and same dialect-speaking typically developing (TD) children and if nonmainstream form density impacted their scores.

Method

The participants were 106 kindergartners (AAE: SLI
n
= 35; TD
n
= 35; SWE: SLI
n
= 18; TD
n
= 18; groups matched for age and IQ) who performed the NWR task of
Dollaghan and Campbell (1998)
. Nonmainstream form density measures were gathered from listener judgments of conversational samples.

Results

NWR performance differed between those with and without SLI, but the difference was smaller in AAE than in SWE, especially at the longest syllable length. Nonmainstream form density was found to further explain NWR performance beyond the children's SLI status for AAE speakers; density and SLI status were confounded for the SWE speakers, making it harder to disentangle the effects of each in that dialect.

Conclusions

Results indicate the NWR may differ in diagnostic utility between speakers of different dialects. Results also support
Moyle et al.'s (2014)
finding that density affects NWR. Thus, NWR is more sensitive to dialectal differences than originally assumed.
Stochastic sampled‐data controller for T–S fuzzy chaotic systems and its applications
Authors: Gunasekaran Nallappan , Joo Young Hoon
Published: May 2019

The present study mainly focuses on designing a stochastic sampled‐data controller for chaotic Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems. Distinct to the existing controller schemes, in this work, the random time delay is introduced into the proposed control scheme that ensures the exponential stabilisation of T–S fuzzy models. In addition, the input delays are assumed to be randomly time‐varying, which copes with the traditional uncorrelated Bernoulli distributed sequences. Based on the proposed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using new weighted integral inequalities, the stability and stabilisation conditions are derived and expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which ensure the exponential stability of the states. Finally, in the simulation results, the chaotic nature of two dynamical systems are considered for validation of the derived conditions. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the proposed method can provide better stability performance and less conservative results.
Compact circularly polarised antenna utilising the radiation of the ground plane based on the theory of characteristic modes
Authors: Park Donghee , Qu Longyue , Kim Hyeongdong
Published: May 2019

This research proposes a single‐fed circularly polarised (CP) antenna operating at 2.4 GHz for wireless local area network applications by utilising ground radiation, which is particularly applicable to small‐size printed circuit boards (PCBs) such as the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. To simultaneously excite two orthogonal degenerate ground modes for CP wave radiation, ground mode tuning (GMT) technique is further adopted to adjust the resonant frequencies of the two ground modes. The proposed small antenna element is located at an optimum position of the PCB based on the analysis of the theory of characteristic modes for simultaneously exciting two ground characteristic modes. Experiments verify good performances with the compact size of 0.28  × 0.28  × 0.008 (including the ground plane and antenna element) at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna achieves 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 10.6% (2.36–2.62 GHz) and −6 dB impedance bandwidth of 7.4% (2.34–2.52 GHz). The measured efficiency of the proposed antenna is 55.3%, and the direction of the maximum radiation for LHCP and RHCP is  + z and – z, respectively. The measured gain is 1 dBi at 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna applies to small‐size PCBs for CP communication, which is desirable for practical wireless products.
Analysis and optimisation of super‐wideband monopole antenna with tri‐band notch using a transmission line model
Authors: Amro Wasan H. Althubitat Al , Abdelazeez Mohamed K.
Published: May 2019

A study of monopole antenna for super‐wideband applications is presented. A compact patch antenna is suggested to enhance the overall covered bandwidth (BW), where a major improvement of the BW obtained in the range 2.6–23 GHz (BW of 20.4 GHz). Also, by creating slots in the patch and in the feed line; three band‐notches are created to reject different narrowband applications. The different antenna parameters are studied using a high‐frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The measured data of the fabricated antenna shows good agreement with the simulated results with a slight shift at the lower and upper edges of the frequency range. A transmission line model of the proposed antenna is presented based on the effect of each element on the antenna behaviour. Advanced design system is used to construct and optimise the equivalent circuit model of the designed antenna. Results of the antenna behaviour obtained using the resistor–inductor–capacitor model compare favourably with the simulated results obtained using the HFSS both in the pass and rejection bands, with a small error at high frequencies.
Simulations of imaging the event horizon of Sagittarius A* from space
Authors: Roelofs Freek , Falcke Heino , Brinkerink Christiaan , Mościbrodzka Monika , Gurvits Leonid I. , Martin-Neira Manuel , Kudriashov Volodymyr , Klein-Wolt Marc , Tilanus Remo , Kramer Michael , Rezzolla Luciano
Published: May 2019

Context. It has been proposed that Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at submillimeter waves will allow us to image the shadow of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), and thereby test basic predictions of the theory of general relativity.

Aims. This paper presents imaging simulations of a new Space VLBI (SVLBI) mission concept. An initial design study of the concept has been presented in the form of the Event Horizon Imager (EHI). The EHI may be suitable for imaging Sgr A* at high frequencies (up to ∼690 GHz), which has significant advantages over performing ground-based VLBI at 230 GHz. The concept EHI design consists of two or three satellites in polar or equatorial circular medium-Earth orbits (MEOs) with slightly different radii. Due to the relative drift of the satellites along the individual orbits over the course of several weeks, this setup will result in a dense spiral-shapeduv-coverage with long baselines (up to ∼60 Gλ), allowing for extremely high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging of radio sources.

Methods. We simulated observations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) models of Sgr A* for the proposed configuration and calculate the expected noise based on preliminary system parameters. On long baselines, where the signal-to-noise ratio may be low, fringes could be detected assuming that the system is sufficiently phase stable and the satellite orbits can be reconstructed with sufficient accuracy. Averaging visibilities accumulated over multiple epochs of observations could then help improving the image quality. With three satellites instead of two, closure phases could be used for imaging.

Results. Our simulations show that the EHI could be capable of imaging the black hole shadow of Sgr A* with a resolution of 4μas (about 8% of the shadow diameter) within several months of observing time.

Conclusion. Our preliminary study of the EHI concept shows that it is potentially of high scientific value. It could be used to measure black hole shadows much more precisely than with ground-based VLBI, allowing for stronger tests of general relativity and accretion models.
Sélection des futurs médecins : sur quelles bases empiriques ?
Authors: Detroz Pascal , Loye Nathalie
Published: May 2019

Contexte et problématique : Le processus de sélection des étudiants à l’entrée des études de médecine revêt un très fort enjeu sociétal, en ce sens qu’il conditionne le profil des étudiants entamant des études de médecine et donc, en partie, le profil des futurs professionnels. Il n’y a en fait pas de consensus concernant les meilleures méthodes de sélection. Les examens et concours à l’entrée des études de médecine reposent sur une diversité de manières de faire à travers le monde, dont, pour la plupart, la qualité n’a pu être empiriquement prouvée. Exégèse : Le présent article propose un recensement des différents processus et outils de contingentement des étudiants dans le domaine de la santé, pour en proposer une lecture actualisée et critique. Nous puisons également dans la littérature définissant le concept de validité pour nous questionner sur la qualité de ces outils, mais aussi sur la qualité méthodologique des études qui y réfèrent. Conclusion : Les données probantes justifiant la qualité de l’un ou l’autre dispositif de sélection des étudiants à l’entrée des études de médecine sont rares, soit parce que les dispositifs sont effectivement de faible qualité, soit parce que les études qui en justifient la qualité ne tiennent pas compte d’une vision moderne de la validité.
Transoral incisionless fundoplication with EsophyX for gastroesophageal reflux disease: clinical efficacy is maintained up to 10 years
Authors: Testoni Pier , Testoni Sabrina , Distefano Giovanni , Mazzoleni Giorgia , Fanti Lorella , Passaretti Sandro
Published: May 2019

Background Transoral incisionless fundoplication with EsophyX is reported to be effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in short-medium term follow-up.

Aim To examine clinical outcomes up to 10 years.

Methods In total, 51 procedures were performed in 50 patients. All entered a yearly clinical follow-up schedule including gastroesophageal reflux disease health-related quality-of-life questionnaires, heartburn and regurgitation scores, and daily proton pump inhibitor consumption.

Results The procedure was successfully performed in 49/50 patients. Severe complications occurred in 2/51 procedures. The remaining 49 patients were re-evaluated at 2 and 3 years, 41 after 5 years, 30 after 7 years, and 14 after 10 years. Eight patients were lost to follow-up between 3 and 5 years. Seven patients who were unresponsive to endoscopic fundoplication underwent surgical fundoplication. The mean scores at 2 years were significantly lower than before the procedure and did not change substantially during the follow-up. The rates of patients who had stopped or halved antisecretive therapy 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years after the procedure were 86.7 %, 84.4 %, 73.5 %, 83.3 %, and 91.7 %, respectively.

Conclusions Transoral incisionless fundoplication with EsophyX is an effective therapeutic option for symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease patients, with Hill grades I – II or hiatal hernia < 2 cm, who refuse life-long medical therapy or surgery.
Die Bedeutung der Krankenhäuser für die Versorgung von Patienten mit Katarakt in Deutschland: Systematische Auswertung der Krankenhausqualitätsberichte der Jahre 2006 bis 2016
Authors: Daniel Moritz Claudius , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas , Lang Stefan J.
Published: May 2019

Hintergrund Die Katarakt ist eine der häufigsten Augenerkrankungen in Deutschland. Laut Schätzungen der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft nimmt die Häufigkeit in den kommenden Jahrzehnten noch weiter zu. Es wird postuliert, dass Kataraktoperationen in Deutschland zunehmend als ambulante Eingriffe durchgeführt werden, jedoch gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass weiterhin ein Bedarf an stationären Kataraktoperationen besteht.

Ziel der Arbeit Es soll auf Grundlage der Krankenhausqualitätsberichte geprüft werden, wie sich die Gesamtzahl der in den deutschen Krankenhäusern erbrachten Kataraktoperationen über den Beobachtungszeitraum verändert hat und ob ein Trend zur Verlagerung in den ambulanten Bereich zu verzeichnen ist.

Material und Methoden Die Zahlen der ambulant bzw. stationär durchgeführten Kataraktoperationen wurden aus den Krankenhausqualitätsberichten der Jahre 2006 bis einschließlich 2016 extrahiert und die Zahl der insgesamt (absolut und pro 1000 Einwohner) durchgeführten Kataraktoperationen (ambulant/stationär) ermittelt. Zudem wurde der Anteil komplexer Kataraktformen in Relation gesetzt zur Gesamtzahl der im jeweiligen Operationsrahmen (ambulant bzw. stationär) durchgeführten Kataraktoperationen. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv und wurde mit dem Softwarepaket R (www.r-project.org) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum von 2006 bis 2016 wurden insgesamt 1 884 506 ambulante und stationäre Kataraktoperationen in deutschen Krankenhäusern durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich bundesweit eine Zunahme in der Gesamtzahl der durchgeführten Kataraktoperationen (2006: 223 070; 2016: 279 331). Der Anteil ambulant durchgeführter Kataraktoperationen stieg zwischen 2006 (44%) und 2010 (48,9%) an. Über den weiteren Untersuchungszeitraum zeigte sich der entsprechende Anteil relativ stabil (2016: 48,5%). Der Anteil komplexer Kataraktformen war dabei in der Gruppe stationär durchgeführter Kataraktoperationen in den Jahren 2006 bis 2016 jeweils höher als in der Gruppe ambulant durchgeführter Kataraktoperationen (56 – 86%).

Diskussion Die Krankenhäuser leisten in Deutschland nach wie vor einen signifikanten Beitrag zur Versorgung von Patienten, die an einer Katarakt erkrankt sind. Die Gesamtzahl der Operationen hat zugenommen. Eine systematische und anhaltende Verlagerung der Versorgung von Patienten mit Katarakt in den ambulanten Bereich lässt sich anhand der vorliegenden Daten nicht bestätigen. Nach einer Steigerung des Anteils ambulanter Kataraktoperationen bis in das Jahr 2010 blieb der entsprechende Anteil zwischen 2010 und 2016 stabil. Dies ist möglicherweise darauf zurückzuführen, dass eine über die Jahre konstant große Gruppe von Patienten aus medizinischen oder auch sozialen Gründen im Rahmen ambulanter Eingriffe nicht hinreichend versorgt wäre.
In vitro-Exposition des Shisha-Tabak-Bestandteils Glycerin
an humanen Mukosazellen und Lymphozyten
Authors: Uebelacker Lukas , Bunk Sebastian , Hochstöger Johannes , Hackenberg Stephan , Poier Nikolaus , Ickrath Pascal , Kleinsasser Norbert
Published: May 2019

Shisha-Tabak benötigt im Vergleich zur Zigarette höhere Konzentrationen des
Feuchthaltemittels Glycerin. Seit Mai 2016 ist die bis dahin gültige Limitierung
von Feuchthaltemitteln in Tabak auf 5 % aufgehoben. Derzeit ist das
toxikologische Profil des Glycerins jedoch noch nicht hinreichend erforscht.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Glycerin auf mögliche zyto- und genotoxische Effekte
zu untersuchen, um so das Gefährdungspotenzial durch Glycerin im Shisha-Tabak zu
beurteilen und die tabakkontrollpolitische Situation in Deutschland zu
diskutieren. Dafür wurden Lymphozyten sowie Nasenschleimhautzellen von
10 Patienten für eine Stunde Glycerin (0,001 mol/l bis 6,0 mol/l) exponiert.
Durch den Trypanblau-Ausschlusstest wurden die Zellen auf Zytotoxizität, mittels
Einzelzellgelelektrophorese (Comet Assay) und Mikrokern-Test auf Genotoxizität
untersucht.

Im Trypanblau-Ausschlusstest traten bei Lymphozyten sowie nasalen Mukosazellen
signifikante Vitalitätsabfälle ab Glycerin-Konzentrationen von 1,0 mol/l auf. Im
Comet Assay konnten für beide Zellgruppen signifikante Unterschiede des Olive
Tail Moments (OTM) ab 1,0 mol/l nachgewiesen werden. Beim Mikrokern-Test zeigten
sich keine signifikanten Zunahmen der Mikrokern-Anzahl.

Es konnten zyto- und genotoxische Effekte ab Konzentrationen von 1,0 mol/l
nachgewiesen werden. Dies überschreitet die reale Glycerin-Belastung im
Hauptstromrauch der Shisha jedoch deutlich. Dennoch handelt es sich bei
Genotoxizität um ein stochastisches Risiko. Ebenso sind toxische Effekte,
beispielsweise durch Erhitzung, bereits bei geringeren Konzentrationen denkbar.
Für eine umfangreichere Beurteilung von Feuchthaltemitteln im Shisha-Tabak sind
weitere Untersuchungen indiziert. Darüber hinaus besteht enormer Handlungsbedarf
zur weiteren Einführung tabakkontrollpolitischer Maßnahmen in Deutschland.
Chronic Periodontitis is a Risk Factor of Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Liu Wenyan , Miao Ran , Wang Lei , Zhou Xuan , Wang Haiyan , Li Yufeng , Wang Zuomin
Published: May 2019

Background This study explores the association between chronic periodontitis and renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods An observational study was conducted in 169 T2DM patients with chronic periodontitis. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to presence of normal renal function (n=111) and renal dysfunction (n=58), and oral health behavior-related variables were obtained by questionnaire. Periodontal status was examined, and pocket probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding index (BI) were measured.

Results The severe periodontitis group had a significant higher HbA1c level (8.53 ± 1.61%) as compared with the mild and moderate periodontitis groups (7.68±1.58%) and (7.35±1.45%), P=0.001. Compared with patients with normal renal function, patients with renal dysfunction had a higher PD value, higher CAL value, fewer remaining teeth, and were less likely to have remaining teeth ≥20. The percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm (52.8% vs. 41.67%) was significantly greater in patients with renal dysfunction. There was no difference in the scores of oral health knowledge assessment between the 2 groups. After adjustment by gender, age, BMI, smoking, hypertension, and HbA1c, the percentage of the sites with PD≥4 mm was an independent risk factor of renal dysfunction in T2DM patients.

Conclusion In patients with T2DM, those with periodontitis may be more susceptible to decreased kidney function.