bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Indoor Fire Dynamics of Residential Buildings with Full-Scale Fire Test
Authors: Moon Min-Ho , Kim Hyung-Jun , Min Su-Gyeong , Kim Sung-Chan , Park Won-Jun
Published: April 2021

Along with simulated firefighting training, the development of virtual training systems and associated content has recently drawn attention as an alternative method for advanced firefighting training. In particular, to develop virtual training content, it is important to understand the combustion characteristics of indoor combustible materials and appropriately simulate their behavior. In this study, seven types of building fires were selected. From these types, indoor combustible materials of residential buildings were analyzed, and combustion tests were performed for each of three types of combustible materials. Furthermore, three types of indoor spaces, determined according to the combination of indoor combustible materials they contained, were divided into full-scale compartments, and a full-scale fire test was performed using this setup. Finally, the heat release rate and smoke production release of individual combustible materials and the room test were measured over time, and a fire dynamics simulation (FDS) was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that an effective evaluation of the occurrence and spread of fire indoors in buildings is possible through full-scale fire tests and FDS simulations. It is expected that simulation can be used as firefighting training content in the future by applying indoor combustible data and implementing complex and various fire development conditions.
Radiative and Meson Decays of Y(4230) in Flavor SU(3)
Authors: Maiani Luciano , Polosa Antonio Davide , Riquer Verónica
Published: April 2021

The charmonium-like exotic states Y(4230) and the less known Y(4320), produced in e+e− collisions, are sources of positive parity exotic hadrons in association with photons or pseudoscalar mesons. We analyze the radiative and pion decay channels in the compact tetraquark scheme, with a method that proves to work equally well in the most studied D∗→γ/π+D decays. The decay of the vector Y into a pion and a Zc state requires a flip of charge conjugation and isospin that is described appropriately in the formalism used. Rates are found to depend on the fifth power of pion momentum, which would make the final states πZc(4020) strongly suppressed with respect to πZc(3900). The agreement with BES III data would be improved considering the πZc(4020) events to be fed by the tail of the Y(4320) resonance under the Y(4230). These results should renovate the interest in further clarifying the emerging experimental picture in this mass region.
Toward Complex Systems Dynamics through Flow Regimes of Multifractal Fluids
Authors: Agop Maricel , Petrescu Tudor-Cristian , Filipeanu Dumitru , Grigoraș-Ichim Claudia Elena , Voda Ana Iolanda , Zala Andrei , Dobreci Lucian , Baciu Constantin , Vasincu Decebal
Published: April 2021

In the framework of the Multifractal Theory of Motion, which is expressed by means of the multifractal hydrodynamic model, complex system dynamics are explained through uniform and non-uniform flow regimes of multifractal fluids. Thus, in the case of the uniform flow regime of the multifractal fluid, the dynamics’ description is “supported” only by the differentiable component of the velocity field, the non-differentiable component being null. In the case of the non-uniform flow regime of the multifractal fluid, the dynamics’ description is “supported” by both components of the velocity field, their ratio specifying correlations through homographic transformations. Since these transformations imply metric geometries explained, for example, by means of Killing–Cartan metrics of the SL(2R)-type algebra, of the set of 2 × 2 matrices with real elements, and because these metrics can be “produced” as Cayleyan metrics of absolute geometries, the dynamics’ description is reducible, based on a minimal principle, to harmonic mappings from the usual space to the hyperbolic space. Such a conjecture highlights not only various scenarios of dynamics’ evolution but also the types of interactions “responsible” for these scenarios. Since these types of interactions become fundamental in the self-structuring processes of polymeric-type materials, finally, the theoretical model is calibrated based on the author’s empirical data, which refer to controlled drug release applications.
Evaluating the Performance of Eigenface, Fisherface, and Local Binary Pattern Histogram-Based Facial Recognition Methods under Various Weather Conditions
Authors: Ahsan Md Manjurul , Li Yueqing , Zhang Jing , Ahad Md Tanvir , Gupta Kishor Datta
Published: April 2021

Facial recognition (FR) in unconstrained weather is still challenging and surprisingly ignored by many researchers and practitioners over the past few decades. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the performance of three existing popular facial recognition methods considering different weather conditions. As a result, a new face dataset (Lamar University database (LUDB)) was developed that contains face images captured under various weather conditions such as foggy, cloudy, rainy, and sunny. Three very popular FR methods—Eigenface (EF), Fisherface (FF), and Local binary pattern histogram (LBPH)—were evaluated considering two other face datasets, AT&T and 5_Celebrity, along with LUDB in term of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score with 95% confidence interval (CI). Computational results show a significant difference among the three FR techniques in terms of overall time complexity and accuracy. LBPH outperforms the other two FR algorithms on both LUDB and 5_Celebrity datasets by achieving 40% and 95% accuracy, respectively. On the other hand, with minimum execution time of 1.37, 1.37, and 1.44 s per image on AT&T,5_Celebrity, and LUDB, respectively, Fisherface achieved the best result.
Cellular Uptake and Toxicological Effects of Differently Sized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Intestinal Cells
Authors: Mittag Anna , Hoera Christian , Kämpfe Alexander , Westermann Martin , Kuckelkorn Jochen , Schneider Thomas , Glei Michael
Published: April 2021

Due to their beneficial properties, the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) is constantly increasing, especially in consumer-related areas, such as food packaging and food additives, which is leading to an increased oral uptake of ZnO NP. Consequently, the aim of our study was to investigate the cellular uptake of two differently sized ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm; 12–1229 µmol/L) using two human intestinal cell lines (Caco-2 and LT97) and to examine the possible resulting toxic effects. ZnO NP (<50 nm and <100 nm) were internalized by both cell lines and led to intracellular changes. Both ZnO NP caused time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects, especially at concentrations of 614 µmol/L and 1229 µmol/L, which was associated with an increased rate of apoptotic and dead cells. ZnO NP < 100 nm altered the cell cycle of LT97 cells but not that of Caco-2 cells. ZnO NP < 50 nm led to the formation of micronuclei in LT97 cells. The Ames test revealed no mutagenicity for both ZnO NP. Our results indicate the potential toxicity of ZnO NP after oral exposure, which should be considered before application.
Effect of Indian Polyvalent Antivenom in the Prevention and Reversal of Local Myotoxicity Induced by Common Cobra (Naja naja) Venom from Sri Lanka In Vitro
Authors: Madhushani Umesha , Thakshila Prabhani , Hodgson Wayne C. , Isbister Geoffrey K. , Silva Anjana
Published: April 2021

Bites by many Asiatic and African cobras (Genus: Naja) cause severe local dermonecrosis and myonecrosis, resulting in permanent disabilities. We studied the time scale in which two Indian polyvalent antivenoms, VINS and Bharat, remain capable of preventing or reversing in vitro myotoxicity induced by common cobra (Naja naja) venom from Sri Lanka using the chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle preparation. VINS fully prevented while Bharat partially prevented (both in manufacturer recommended concentrations) the myotoxicity induced by Naja naja venom (10 µg/mL) when added to the organ baths before the venom. However, both antivenoms were unable to reverse the myotoxicity when added to organ baths 5 and 20 min post-venom. In contrast, physical removal of the venom from the organ baths by washing the preparation 5 and 20 min after the venom resulted in full and partial prevention of the myotoxicity, respectively, indicating the lag period for irreversible cellular injury. This suggests that, although the antivenoms contain antibodies against cytotoxins of the Sri Lankan Naja naja venom, they are either unable to reach the target sites as efficiently as the cytotoxins, unable to bind efficiently with the toxins at the target sites, or the binding with the toxins simply fails to prevent the toxin-target interactions.
Are Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva Specimens an Acceptable Alternative to Nasopharyngeal Sampling for the Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Primary-Care Settings?
Authors: Masse Shirley , Bonnet Camille , Vilcu Ana-Maria , Benamar Hayat , Swital Morgane , van der Werf Sylvie , Carrat Fabrice , Hanslik Thomas , Blanchon Thierry , Falchi Alessandra
Published: April 2021

Background: The present study was set up to evaluate the efficacy of virological surveillance using posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic in general practice. Methods: Posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples were collected without restriction on timing or alimentation by general practitioners from patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) seen in consultation. Saliva samples were tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 and 21 other respiratory pathogens. Results for SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples were compared to results obtained using a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collected in a certified medical laboratory before or after the ARI consultation. Results: Overall, 143 ARI patients were enrolled between 6 June 2020, and 19 January 2021. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 37.0% (n = 53) of saliva samples and in 39.0% (n = 56) of NPS. Both saliva and NPS were positive in 51 patients. Positive and negative results were concordant between saliva samples and NPS in 51 (96.2%) and in 85 (94.4%) patients, respectively, with a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.97, p < 0.001). Other respiratory viruses were detected in 28.0% (n = 40) of the 143 saliva samples. Conclusions: Findings suggest that saliva samples could represent an attractive alternative to NPS for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in patients consulting for an ARI in primary care.
Identification of Epidemiological Traits by Analysis of SARS−CoV−2 Sequences
Authors: Pan Bohu , Ji Zuowei , Sakkiah Sugunadevi , Guo Wenjing , Liu Jie , Patterson Tucker A. , Hong Huixiao
Published: April 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS−CoV−2) has caused the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic that began in late December 2019. The rapid spread of SARS−CoV−2 is primarily due to person-to-person transmission. To understand the epidemiological traits of SARS−CoV−2 transmission, we conducted phylogenetic analysis on genome sequences from >54K SARS−CoV−2 cases obtained from two public databases. Hierarchical clustering analysis on geographic patterns in the resulting phylogenetic trees revealed a co-expansion tendency of the virus among neighboring countries with diverse sources and transmission routes for SARS−CoV−2. Pairwise sequence similarity analysis demonstrated that SARS−CoV−2 is transmitted locally and evolves during transmission. However, no significant differences were seen among SARS−CoV−2 genomes grouped by host age or sex. Here, our identified epidemiological traits provide information to better prevent transmission of SARS−CoV−2 and to facilitate the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics against the virus.
A Nanoscaffolded Spike-RBD Vaccine Provides Protection against SARS-CoV-2 with Minimal Anti-Scaffold Response
Authors: Lainšček Duško , Fink Tina , Forstnerič Vida , Hafner-Bratkovič Iva , Orehek Sara , Strmšek Žiga , Manček-Keber Mateja , Pečan Peter , Esih Hana , Malenšek Špela , Aupič Jana , Dekleva Petra , Plaper Tjaša , Vidmar Sara , Kadunc Lucija , Benčina Mojca , Omersa Neža , Anderluh Gregor , Pojer Florence , Lau Kelvin , Hacker David , Correia Bruno E. , Peterhoff David , Wagner Ralf , Bergant Valter , Herrmann Alexander , Pichlmair Andreas , Jerala Roman
Published: April 2021

The response of the adaptive immune system is augmented by multimeric presentation of a specific antigen, resembling viral particles. Several vaccines have been designed based on natural or designed protein scaffolds, which exhibited a potent adaptive immune response to antigens; however, antibodies are also generated against the scaffold, which may impair subsequent vaccination. In order to compare polypeptide scaffolds of different size and oligomerization state with respect to their efficiency, including anti-scaffold immunity, we compared several strategies of presentation of the RBD domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, an antigen aiming to generate neutralizing antibodies. A comparison of several genetic fusions of RBD to different nanoscaffolding domains (foldon, ferritin, lumazine synthase, and β-annulus peptide) delivered as DNA plasmids demonstrated a strongly augmented immune response, with high titers of neutralizing antibodies and a robust T-cell response in mice. Antibody titers and virus neutralization were most potently enhanced by fusion to the small β-annulus peptide scaffold, which itself triggered a minimal response in contrast to larger scaffolds. The β-annulus fused RBD protein increased residence in lymph nodes and triggered the most potent viral neutralization in immunization by a recombinant protein. Results of the study support the use of a nanoscaffolding platform using the β-annulus peptide for vaccine design.
The Fate of Stationary Tools for Environmental Flow Determination in a Context of Climate Change
Authors: St-Hilaire André , Ferchichi Habiba , Berthot Laureline , Caissie Daniel
Published: April 2021

Environmental flows (eflows) refer to the amount of water required to sustain aquatic ecosystems. In its formal definition, three flow characteristics need to be minimally maintained: quantity, timing and quality. This overview paper highlights the challenges of some of the current methods used for eflow determination in the context of an evolving climate. As hydrological methods remain popular, they are first analyzed by describing some of the potential caveats associated with their usage when flow time series are non-stationarity. The timing of low-flow events will likely change within a season but will also likely shift in seasonality in some regions. Flow quality is a multi-faceted concept. It is proposed that a first simple step to partly incorporate flow quality in future analyses is to include the water temperature as a covariate. Finally, holistic approaches are also critically revisited, and simple modifications to the Ecological Limits of Flow Alteration (ELOHA) framework are proposed.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VIETNAMESE CULTURE AND LAO CULTURE THROUGH THE MOTIF OF BUILDING ORPHAN CHARACTERS IN THE MAGICAL FAIRY TALES OF TAM AND CAM AND THE GOLDEN TURTLE
Authors: Bich Thuy Le Thi
Published: April 2021

Sharing the sources of Southeast Asian folklore and folk literature, magical fairy tales of Vietnam and Laos have many similarities in a motif of building orphan characters. Applying structural theory in fairy tales with immutability and changes, the structure of the story is described by a series of events “signs help to make a schematic comparison of the structure of various tales,” (Propp, 1968, p.25) the article studies the magical fairy tale Tam and Cam of Vietnam and the Golden Turtle of Laos to see the similarities and differences in the motif of building orphan characters. The similarities in the motif of building orphan characters such as: story structure, character system, incarnation motif, unique object motif, magical force motif show the common cultural space of the region. However, the difference in the situation of the story and the use of magical forces and elements in the story show the customs, belief characteristics, artistic tastes and cultural identity of each nation.
SPECIALIST’S CONCLUSION AS A SOURCE OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURAL STATE
Authors: Antoniuk P. , Svoboda Ye. , Mykhalchuk T.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the essence of a specialist’s conclusion as a result of the use of special knowledge in the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses in order to determine his/her procedural consistency as a source of evidence in the investigation of criminal offenses. The results of the analysis substantiate the position regarding the inconsistency of the established procedure for obtaining and verifying the specialist’s conclusion as a source of evidence to the criteria that are presented with evidence in criminal proceedings. The authors conclude that it is advisable to perceive the expert’s conclusion as the only possible result of the use of special knowledge, which can act as a source of evidence in the investigation of both criminal offenses and crimes as well.
THE MAIN BEHAVIORAL MODELS OF PERSONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION WHEN THEY PROVIDE INACCURATE INFORMATION ABOUT THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF A CRIMINAL OFFENSE AND TACTICS FOR VERIFYING THISINFORMATION
Authors: Tsilmak O.
Published: April 2021

The bodies of preliminary investigation make high demands on the competence of the investigator, one of the important varieties of which is tactical and psychological. The tactical and psychological competence of an investigator is his/her ability to tactically and psychologically competently carry out investigative (search) actions to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the pre-trial investigation of a criminal offense.
One of the significant and leading skills of the investigator, which condition and determine tactical and psychological competence, is the ability to:
1) collect, verify and evaluate evidence “... to establish circumstances that are important for criminal proceedings …” (clause 2 Article 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine);
2) verify information and data on the circumstances of the criminal offense;
3) establish the objective truth in the circumstances of the criminal offense;
4) determine the typology of the personality (witness, victim, suspect, accused) for the selection of the most effective methods of influence, determination of tactics of actions and tactics, etc.
One of the most widespread and empirically investigated personality typologies is the theory of character accentuation by K. Leonhard and A. Lichko. The authors described in sufficient detail the types they identified and demonstrated on specific examples the typical behavioral models for these types. Based on these scientific theories and many years of psychological practice, the author, in the article, discloses the basic behavior models of a person of a certain type of character accentuation, which provides inaccurate information about the circumstances of a criminal offense. As well as his typical emotional and behavioral reactions to a direct indication by the investigator about its unreliability indications. Tactical techniques are proposed for verifying the information provided by persons of various types of character accentuation.
It is noted that in the course of investigative (search) actions, to identify and establish the veil of a person's message of false information about the circumstances of a criminal offense, the investigator must pay attention to all signs that may indicate a lie, that is, signs, signals, indicators, behavior patterns, etc.
It is emphasized that to verify information regarding the circumstances of a criminal offense, employees of pre-trial investigation bodies and operational units must undergo advanced training in such thematic courses as “Cognition of personality psychology” and “Information verification technology”. This will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of investigative, operational, and investigational activities and will ensure the quality of preliminary investigation of criminal offenses.
Procesos de negocio de la banca universal en la Costa Oriental del Lago
Authors: Gutiérrez Isabelina
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo describir los procesos de negocio de la banca universal en Costa Oriental del Lago. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva bajo un diseño no experimental, de campo, transaccional. La población quedó conformada por 64 unidades informantes, integrada por gerentes, subgerentes, asesores, ejecutivos y gerentes de zonas, de 14 bancos activos al momento de la investigación. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario con un total de 14 ítems. La validación estuvo a cargo por el juicio de expertos y su confiabilidad a través del método de Alpha de Cronbach, cuyo resultado fue 0,98. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de la estadística descriptiva, por medio de la media aritmética. Se concluyó que los bancos objeto de estudio siempre utilizan la base del negocio, el área del negocio y las operaciones del negocio como procesos de negocio que manejan recursos financieros.
Comunidade Jongo do Ribeiro
Authors: Santos Lucio Cristina
Published: April 2021

Este artigo visa a abordar o Jongo, que se trata de uma manifestação registrada como patrimônio cultural imaterial brasileiro em 2005. Mais especificamente, foi recortada a Comunidade Jongo Dito Ribeiro situada em Campinas-SP, no que diz respeito à importância política dessa prática tanto em seu desenvolvimento, ainda no século XIX, quanto em relação a sua permanência e existência no século XXI. A continuação da prática desse saber implica em questões relacionadas à legitimação identitária e reitera a inserção social da população negra.
COVID-19 Lockdown and Social Capital Changes Among Youths in China
Authors: Luo Miyang , Zhang Dong , Shen Pengyue , Yin Yun , Yang Shujuan , Jia Peng
Published: April 2021

Social capital refers to the effective functioning of social groups through networks of relationships. The lockdown measures due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may change the social capital among youths. This study aimed to evaluate changes in social capital before and during COVID-19 lockdown among Chinese youths. It was based on the online COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS) conducted among 10 540 youths at three educational levels, including high/vocational school, undergraduate, and graduate, before and during COVID-19 lockdown. Measures of perceptions of social capital were adapted from a validated Chinese version of Health-related Social Capital Measurement based on youths’ characteristics of living and studying environment. Social capital was measured at four dimensions, including individual social capital (ISC), family social capital (FSC), community social capital (CSC), and society social capital (SSC). Overall, compared to before lockdown, ISC and CSC scores decreased, while FSC and SSC scores increased during lockdown. When stratified by educational levels, the trends for each dimension of social capital were consistent with the overall population. There were 43.9%, 5.7%, 32.1%, and 3.7% of the participants showing decreased scores during lockdown for ISC, FSC, CSC, and SSC, respectively, while 7.2%, 24.0%, 15.3%, and 10.7% of participants showed increased scores for ISC, FSC, CSC, and SSC, respectively. Our timely, large-scale study showed decreased social capital in individual and community dimensions and increased social capital in family and society dimensions during lockdown.
"Apples and Oranges:" Examining Different Social Groups’ Compliance With Government Health Instructions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Goren Talia , Vashdi Dana R. , Beeri Itai
Published: April 2021

Background: The coronavirus outbreak has demonstrated the crucial effect of the public’s compliance with the government’s health instructions on the population’s health. However, evidence shows that some communities are less likely to comply with such instructions than others. This study highlights the factors related to intentions to comply with newly issued health directives during an ongoing extreme crisis, such as the current pandemic. In addition, it compares the impact of these factors on different minority groups and the general population in Israel. Methods: Using an online survey (N=1005), we examined the impact of compliance-related factors on compliance intentions with newly issued health directives in two minority groups in Israel: the ultra-Orthodox Jewish community (N=323) and the Arab community (N=361), as well as in the general population (N=321), during the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Participants were presented with a new made-up COVID-19-related instruction simulated to be issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Compliance intentions and compliance-related factors were measured. Results: The Arab minority expressed greater intentions of complying with the instructions than the other groups. Perceptions on risk and the effectiveness of the instruction were the only two significantly associated factors with compliance intentions in all of the social groups. Additional factors affected different groups to different extents. Trust in government was related to compliance intentions only in the Arab minority. Conclusion: Intentions to comply with health instructions during a crisis differ in various minority groups and in comparison to the general population, both in their levels and in the factors related to them. Policy-makers and health authorities should consider providing information about the risks and negative outcomes of the crisis as well as the expected effectiveness of the recommended behaviors. Future research should examine other minority groups and other types of instructions in different stages of a crisis.
Vagada Sankiraka Sinthamani Olaichuvadiyin Stylistic Features
Authors: Suba T , Aji K
Published: April 2021

This study examines the songs in the Medical Leaf Manuscript Vagada Sankiraka Sinthamani and Presents their Stylistic elements. This study also provides explanations of Stylistics as well as stylistic elements such as Phonics, Vocabulary selection, and Syntax trends. The study also explores Phonetic, Syllable, Vocabulary, Adjectives, Adverbs, Medical Terms, Nouns, New words, Biological Names, Herbal Names, Disease Names, Metaphorical Name Series and Numeral Series in Syntax.
Ancient Tamil and Science: A View
Authors: Ehilarasi A
Published: April 2021

Scientific research seems to unravel the mystery of the many effects we have around us. The main essence of this research is reflected in Tamil literature. Many scientists are philosophers. Unravel the many knots that are puzzling.
THE EFFECT OF E-PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION, COMPETENCE AND COMPENSATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE OF GOODS/SERVICES PROCUREMENT
Authors: Yuliawati Nenden Maulida , Icih Icih , Kurniawan Asep
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to analyze the magnitude of the effect of the partial and simultaneous implementation of the E-Procurement, Competence and Compensation System on the Goods / Services Procurement Employee Performance in Subang Regency.

This research uses quantitative explanatory methods. The population and sample of the study are employees in the New / Service Procurement Unit in Subang Regency, so the total population is 31 people. Data collection methods used in this study are survey methods by distributing questionnaires. Where each respondent is given questions / statements as many as 32 items using a Likert scale. Data is processed using SPSS 22.0 version.

Based on the results of data processing obtained results there is a positive and significant effect for the variable Application of E-Procurement, Competence and Compensation System partially and simultaneously to Employee Procurement of Goods / Services.
Effect of the use of different types of fishmeal on the physicochemical properties of a fishfeed for Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
Authors: SOTO-RODRÍGUEZ Diana Laura , GÓMEZ-ALDAPA Carlos Alberto , CABRERA-CANALES Zaira Esmeralda , CADENA-RAMÍREZ Arturo
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to study the effect of two types of fishmeal on the physicochemical properties of extruded food for Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Using Pearson's squares, a diet was formulated (moringa, fish meal and corn flours, gelatin and vitamin and mineral premixes) with a protein content of 30 to 32%. The fish meal (sardine or salmon) was added in a 23.7% with respect to total composition of diet. The treatments were moistened with 13 and 17% water and processed in a single screw laboratory extruder. Extruded foods and a commercial (control), were analyzed according to their moisture, apparent density (DA), expansion index (IE), water absorption index (IAA), water solubility index (ISA), hardness and bulk density. The foods formulated with salmon flour at both moistures and with sardine flour at 17% humidity floated at 100%. The IE and DA values of food with salmon meal were like those of the commercial feed. Concluding that, the type of fishmeal used in the formulation of extruded foods influences the physicochemical properties of the product.
Comparison of numerical methods in code as solvers for simulation of robotic systems
Authors: TORRES-DEL CARMEN Felipe de Jesús , JARAMILLO-HERNÁNDEZ Ricardo , DÍAZ-SÁNCHEZ Arnaldo , NÚÑEZ-ALTAMIRANO Diego Alfredo
Published: April 2021

This research introduces the development of the implementation and comparison of algorithms of numeric methods which solve a system of ordinary differential equations, commonly known like solvers. These were applied to a robotic system with 4 grades of freedom in open loop based on the non-linear dynamic model in the joint space. The performance of the robotic system solution simulated on Matlab®/Simulink® with S-Function has been assumed to be the reference criterion to contrast the results that were get from codification of the solvers. Moreover, some inferences were set for each one of the algorythms, for instance, simulation time and computing cost. The analysis of the results lets account the implementation of the code of the numeric methods for simulation purposes, thus, it may aid for the optimization of simulation times and computing cost.
The Investigation of Caregiving Burden and Life Quality of Caregivers Who Care for Cancered Patients
Authors: CEYLAN Sibel , ERSİN Fatma
Published: April 2021

Background: Caring for cancer patients affects both the care burden and quality of life of the caregivers. This study was conducted to determine the care load, quality of life of caregivers who care for cancer patients and the influencing factors.Materials and Methods: This descriptive research which used the Questionnaire Form, Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer Scale and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale.160 caregivers who agreed to participate in the study composed the sample. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean), Independent Samples t test, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test were used.Results: The mean total burden interview scale score of caregivers was 32.65±15.14 and the mean total caregiver quality of life ındex-cancer scalescore was 78.75±16.31. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean total caregiver burden scores according to gender and marital status (p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the mean total caregiver burden scores according to the negative affection status of health during caregiving and the mean total life quality scores according to the income stasus (p<0.05).Conclusions: It was determined that the individuals providing care had a mild level of care burden and their quality of life was not at the desired level. For this reason, it may be suggested to carry out the care burden at the desired level and to conduct interventional nursing studies to improve the quality of life.Key Words: Cancer, Care burden, Quality of life, Nursing.
İnflamatuar Barsak Hastalığında Adalimumab Tedavisinin Demir Parametreleri ve Anemi Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: YILMAZ Nimet
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Adalimumab tedavisinin inflamatuar barsak hastalığında (İBH) demir parametreleri ve aneminin seyri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntemler: 2016-2019 tarihleri arasında Sanko Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Gastroenteroloji polikliniğinde takipli ve İBH nedeniyle Adalimumab tedavisi uygulanan 33 hasta (19 Crohn ve 14 ülseratif kolit) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların; yaş, cinsiyet, laboratuvar verileri (kan hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (Htc), lökosit (WBC), trombosit (Plt), demir (Fe), demir bağlama kapasitesi (DBK), transferrin saturasyonu, ferritin, C‐reaktif protein (CRP) ve sedimantasyon düzeyleri) kaydedilmiştir. Tedavi öncesi ve 6. aydaki değerler karşılaştırılmıştır. Klinik aktivite ülseratif kolit için ortalama parsiyel Mayo skoru (pMayo) ve Crohn hastalarında ortalama Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) puanları karşılaştırılarak tedavi etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Değişkenlerin analizinde SPSS 26.0 programı kullanılmıştır. Değişkenler %95 güven düzeyinde incelenmiş olup p değeri 0,05 ten küçük anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Sedimantasyon, CRP ve Plt değerlerinde tedavi sonrasında düşüş; Hb, Htc ve demir değerlerinde anlamlı yükselme saptanmıştır. Transferrin satürasyonunda ise yükselme gözlenmiştir. Ancak bu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark oluşturmamıştır. Hb ve Htc değerlerindeki artışın ülseratif kolit grubunda daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Klinik pMayo ve HBI skorlarında ise anlamlı düşüş olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: İBH nedeniyle Adalimumab tedavisi uygulanan hastalarda aneminin düzeliyor olması hastaların yaşam kalitesini de iyileştirecektir. Bu da uzun ve düzenli takip gerektiren bu hastalıkta hastaların tedaviye inancını ve uyumunu arttıracaktır.
Fostering inclusive economic growth: the case of the Digital Code of Benin
Authors: Qhotsokoane Tebello , Kira Beatriz , Stewart Simphiwe Laura
Published: April 2021

This policy note seeks to elucidate the opportunities for development in Republic of Benin’s digital code, as the country attempts to become a regional example of progress in the digital sphere. The note examines the Digital Code of Benin which sets out a comprehensive set of laws and regulations aimed at providing a secure and conducive environment for digital transformation and innovation. By assessing the key strengths and opportunities for development, this policy note can also inform regional approaches to regulation of the digital economy, especially since Benin is seen as a model for the region.
Barkoding DNA pada Tumbuhan Durik-Durik (Syzygium sp.) Asal Riau Menggunakan Daerah Gen ndhF
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani , Fitriani Ana
Published: April 2021

(Article History: Received 11 November 2020; Revised 9 January 2021; Accepted 18 January 2021) ABSTRAKGen ndhF telah digunakan sebagai salah satu barkode DNA pada genus Syzygium karena divergensi urutan asam aminonya lebih besar empat kali dibandingkan rbcL. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sekuen DNA dari gen ndhF pada durik-durik (Syzygium sp.) asal Riau. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi DNA total menggunakan kit isolasi DNA (Genomic DNA Mini Kit Plant, Geneaid), PCR, elektroforesis menggunakan 1% gel agarosa, sekuensing dan analisis data menggunakan program BioEdit versi 7, BLASTn dan MEGA 6.0. Sekuen DNA dari gen ndhF durik-durik telah diperoleh dengan ukuran 1370 pb dan memiliki kemiripan paling tinggi dengan yang dimiliki oleh S. malaccense (99,71%) dan paling rendah dengan S. acuminatissimum (98,69%). Terdapat 26 variasi nukleotida di antara aksesi yang diteliti dan dua diantaranya merupakan nukleotida kritis. Durik-durik membentuk satu kelompok dengan S. malaccense dan S. aromaticum. Namun demikian, nama spesies durik-durik belum dapat ditentukan karena tidak ada aksesi yang memiliki kemiripan 100% dengan durik-durik.Kata kunci: Barkode DNA, Danau Kajuik, durik-durik, gen ndhF, Syzygium. ABSTRACTThe ndhF gene has been used as DNA barcode in Syzygium because the divergence of the amino acids sequence is four times greater than rbcL. This study was to analyze the DNA sequence of ndhF gene on durik-durik (Syzygium sp.) origin Riau. Methods included total DNA isolation using Genomic DNA Mini Kit Plant (Geneaid), PCR, electrophoresis using 1% agarose gel, sequencing and data analysis using BioEdit, BLASTn dan MEGA 6.0 programs. The DNA sequence of durik-durik ndhF gene was 1370 bp in size and had the higher similarity to the one of S. malaccense (99.71%) and the lower similarity to the one of S. acuminatissimum (98.69%). There were 26 nucleotide variations and two of them were critical nucleotides. Durik-durik formed one group with S. malaccense dan S. aromaticum. Nevertheless, the species name of durik-durik still unknown because there is no accessions having 100% similarity to durik-durik.Keywords: DNA barcode, durik-durik, Kajuik Lake, ndhF gene, Syzygium.
Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Tobondo Vanda Evanglin , Koneri Roni , Pandiangan Dingse
Published: April 2021

(Article History: Received January 14, 2021; Revised February 15, 2021; Accepted February 28, 2021) ABSTRAK Pekarangan merupakan sebidang tanah yang di atasnya terdapat bangunan tempat tinggal dan dapat dibudidayakan berbagai spesies tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan di Desa Taripa, Kecamatan Pamona Timur, Kabupaten Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Pengambilan sampel berdasarkan luas pekarangan yaitu kategori sempit (100-200 m2), sedang (300-400 m2) dan luas (500-600 m2). Pada setiap kategori diambil 10 sampel pekarangan dan dicatat seluruh spesies tanaman yang terdapat pada pekarangan tersebut. Pemanfaatan tanaman ditentukan berdasarkan alasan penanaman dengan wawancara langsung dengan pemilik pekarangan.  Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indek kekayaan, indek keanekaragaman dan indek kemerataan spesies tanaman. Hasil didapatkan sebanyak 64 famili yang terdiri dari 155 spesies dan 1265 individu. Famili yang banyak ditemukan jumlah spesiesnya adalah Araceae.  Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Garcinia mangostana dan Curcuma longa. Kelimpahan spesies tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan katagori luas. Keanekaragaman dan kekayaan spesies tanaman tertinggi pada lahan pekarangan kategori sempit, sedangkan kemerataan pada lahan kategori sedang. Habitus tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan adalah herba. Organ tanaman yang dimanfaatkan umumnya daun, sedangkan pemanfaatan tanaman pekarangan banyak digunakan sebagai sumber pangan. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman; Garcinia mangostoma; herba; daun. ABSTRACTYard is a plot of land on which there are residential buildings and various plant species can be cultivated. This research aims to analyze the diversity and utilization of garden plants in Taripa Village, East Pamona District, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi. Sampling was based on the area of the yard, namely the narrow (100-200 m2), medium (300-400 m2) and broad (500-600 m2). In each category, 10 samples of the yard were taken and recorded all plant species found in the yard. The use of plants is determined based on the reasons for planting by direct interviews with the owners of the yards. Data analysis includes abundance, Richness index, diversity index and index evenness of plant species. The results obtained were 64 families consisting of 155 species and 1265 individuals. The family with the most number of species found is Araceae. The species that had the highest abundance were Garcinia mangostana and Curcuma longa. The highest species abundance was in the large yard area. The highest diversity and richness of plant species was in the narrow category land, while evenness was in the medium category. Plant habitus that is widely used is herbaceous. The plant organs that are used are generally leaves, while the use of garden plants is widely used as a food source.  Key words: Diversity; Garcinia mangostoma; herb; leaf.
DNA Isolation And Amplification of the rbcL (ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) gene of Caulerpa sp., Gracilaria sp., And Sargassum sp.
Authors: Tampanguma Biondi , Gerung Grevo S. , Warouw Veibe , Wagey Billy Th , Wulllur Stenly , Sumilat Deiske A. , Onibala Hens
Published: April 2021

DNA isolation and gene amplification of algae are significantly influenced by various factors such as characteristics and components of the algae cell wall. Therefore techniques and methods of DNA isolation in certain algae, sometimes only succeed in one particular species and can not be applied to another algae species. Based on that issue, this study was conducted with the aims to determine the succeed of DNA isolation and amplify the rbcL gene as a target gene for identification. Algae DNA was isolated by using innuPrep Plant DNA commercial kit, and the second one with a modified conventional Cetyl Trimetyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method,  for the amplification process was using rbcL gene (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit) with two pairs of primers : rbcL 7F-753R and rbcL 577F-rbcSR. The results showed that the DNA of Gracilaria sp was succeed isolated by using CTAB method and it was denoted by the presence of DNA bands in agarose gel. Meanwhile DNA amplification for Gracilaria sp., and Sargassum sp., were succeed amplified with the appearance of DNA bands. But in algae Caulerpa sp., was only succeed on 1 pair of primary rbcL 7F and 7.Keywords : DNA, gene rbcL, algae Caulerpa sp., Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp;AbstrakIsolasi DNA dan amplifikasi gen pada alga sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti karakter dan komponen pada dinding sel alga. Oleh karena itu proses isolasi DNA terkadang bisa berhasil pada satu jenis alga, namun tidak berhasil pada jenis alga lainnya. Oleh karena alasan tersebut, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan keberhasilan Isolasi DNA dan mengamplifikasi gen rbcL sebagai gen target identifikasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tahapan awal Isolasi DNA yang menggunakan kit komersil innuPrep Plant DNA Kit, dan metode konvensional Cetyl Trimetyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) yang telah dimodifikasi. Sedangkan untuk proses amplifikasi, menggunakan gen rbcL (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit) digunakan dua pasang primer yaitu rbcL 7F-753R dan rbcL 577F-rbcSR. Hasil isolasi DNA dari alga Gracilaria sp berhasil diisolasi menggunakan metode CTAB yang ditandai dengan adanya pita DNA pada gel agarose. Amplifikasi DNA pada alga Gracilaria sp., dan Sargassum sp., berhasil diamplifikasi dengan munculnya pita DNA. Namun pada alga Caulerpa sp. hanya berhasil pada 1 pasang primer rbcL 7F dan753R.Kata kunci : DNA, gen rbcL, alga Caulerpa sp., Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp.
Heavy Metal (Ni, Fe) Concentration in Water and Histopathological of Marine Fish in the Obi Island, Indonesia.
Authors: Aris Muhammad , Tamrin Tamrin
Published: April 2021

This study aims to determine the content of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) as well as histopathological analysis of marine fish in Obi Island waters as a bioindicator of pollution. Besides, water quality conditions were carried out in-situ and ex-situ observations. The parameters observed were temperature, brightness, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, orthophosphate, ammonia, iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni). The results showed the temperature range between 26.48 ℃ to 27.99 ℃ below the quality standard or low temperature. The brightness of the relationship between 12 m and 13 m is under quality standards. The salinity range between 31.01 ppt to 32.13 ppt below the quality standard. The pH range is from 8.6 to 8.7 in high or alkaline conditions. Ammonia range between 0.4 mg / L to 0.7 mg / L exceeds the quality standard. The range of nitrate between 0.009 mg / L to 0.012 mg / L exceeds the quality standard. The range of phosphate between 0.016 mg / L to 0.019 mg / L exceeds the quality standard. The DO range between 3.68 mg / L to 3.77 mg / L lower than the quality standard. The metal range of 0.6 mg / L to 0.9 mg / L exceeds the quality standard. The range of Ni metal between 0.06 mg / L to 0.09 mg / L exceeds the quality standard. Histopathological analysis showed that the liver had a hemorrhage, degeneration of blood vessels, vacuolate degeneration, necrosis, or cell death. The muscles experience edema, degeneration of muscle fibers, atrophy of muscle bundles, vacuolar degeneration of muscle Bundles, hemorrhage, infiltration of lymphocytes, and necrosis. The intestine experience infiltration of lymphocytes, melanomacrophages, and necrosis. While P. tayenus fish ovaries showed necrosis structure oocytes. This research can be a reference for warning of heavy metal pollution in Obi Island waters, binding to the nature of heavy metals that can accumulate in fish tissue.Keywords: Water quality; Heavy Metal; Pollution; Histopathological; Obi Island.
Solar cell operation of sputter-deposited n-BaSi2/p-Si heterojunction diodes and characterization of defects by deep-level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Nemoto Taira , Aonuki Sho , Koitabashi Ryota , Yamashita Yudai , Mesuda Masami , Toko Kaoru , Suemasu Takashi
Published: April 2021

We form carbon-doped n-BaSi2(0.35 μm)/p-Si(111) heterojunction diodes by radio-frequency sputtering using BaSi2 and SiC targets, and demonstrate the solar cell operation for the first time under AM1.5 illumination. The electron trap level was measured to be 0.21 eV below the conduction band edge of the n-BaSi2 layers by deep-level transient spectroscopy. The shunt resistance reflecting the quality of the heterointerface exceeds 0.7 MΩ, one order of magnitude higher than that obtained for the same structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The carrier transport properties are discussed based on the external quantum efficiency spectrum and the band alignment.
Uncertainty Shocks, Cultural Behaviors and Economic Development
Authors: Kostis Pantelis C.
Published: April 2021

The literature regarding cultural background change points out that changes in cultural background can only be slow moving. However, under high uncertainty levels, cultural background may change in the short or medium term as well. In this paper, the effects of uncertainty on cultural behaviors are investigated. Cultural background is captured through the Schwartz’s cultural values, based on the waves provided by the European Social Survey from 2002 up to 2018, performing relative Principal Component Analyses. An Uncertainty Index is constructed based on the volatility of the stock market for all Eurozone countries, from the euro’s adoption in January 2001 up to December 2018. Using an unbalanced panel dataset comprised of 18 Eurozone countries for the time period from 2002 up to 2018, a fixed-effects assessment method, different fixed terms between the examined economies, dummies per wave of the nine total data waves of the European Social Survey and country-specific clustered robust estimates of the standard errors, the main conclusions of the empirical analysis are the following: (a) Uncertainty significantly affects the cultural background of societies and leads to its change; (b) The effects of uncertainty on culture start two years after an uncertainty shock has occurred; (c) The effects of uncertainty on specific cultural values reveals significant effects on all Schwartz’s cultural values. However, the effect is the highest for the dipole “conservatism and autonomy” and the smallest for the dipole “mastery vs. harmony”. (d) When uncertainty is high, this leads to higher levels of hierarchy (authority, humbleness), self-direction (independent thought and action), stimulation (excitement, novelty and challenge in life), affective autonomy (pursuit of actively positive activities: pleasure, exciting life) and mastery (ambition and hard work, daring, independence, drive for success) which means their life’s harmony is disrupted, at least two years later. Thus, countries exhibiting systematically high levels of uncertainty are about to develop a cultural background that is going to hinder economic development, and vice versa.