bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Détermination de l’énergie des houles et de leur capacité à générer une dérive littorale à l’aide d’une image Spot par transformée de Fourier. Exemple de Grand Lahou, République de Côte d’ivoire
Authors: Robin Marc
Published: November 2022

Une analyse des houles est entreprise à l'aide d'une image Spot. Une transformée de Fourier fournit les

paramètres fréquence et direction qui, entrés dans des modèles, permettent d'évaluer l'énergie des houles à la côte et d'en déduire le volume du transit littoral. Les résultats sont valables pour le jour de l'enregistrement mais pourraient être extrapolés avec d'autres enregistrements à d'autres périodes. L'exemple choisi en Côte d'ivoire permet de s'affranchir de l'absence de statistiques sur les houles dans cette partie du littoral et surtout de travailler sur une houle réelle, produit d'une combinaison complexe de composantes primaires.
Ruissellement et érosion en milieu polaire océanique. Exemple du bassin-versant du Zeppelinfjellet, Presqu'île de Brøgger, Spitsberg nord-occidental (79° N)
Authors: Mercier Denis , Marlin Christelle , Laffly Dominique
Published: November 2022

Le ruissellement est un processus d'érosion azonal dont l'efficacité est fréquemment sous-estimée dans

les milieux polaires et dont les caractéristiques sont méconnues. Fondée sur l’analyse hydrologique et géomorphologique d'un petit bassin-versant montagnard non englacé au Spitsberg nord-occidental (79° de latitude Nord, 12° de longitude Est), cette étude présente le calendrier estival précis du ruissellement et les variations spatiales et temporelles de ses débits. La question de son origine (pluviale, nivale ou fonte du pergélisol) est débattue en utilisant des méthodes chimiques et isotopiques. Couplée à cette étude hydrologique, une quantification de l'érosion par le ruissellement est présentée. Elle prend en considération les trois modes de transport assurés par le ruissellement (transport de fond, en suspension et en solution) dans le cadre de ce bassin-versant carbonaté.
Potentialités des paysages géomorphologiques et dynamique de l’occupation du sol dans le Centre-Nord ivoirien
Authors: Koli Bizuéli Bernard
Published: November 2022

Cet article présente un ensemble de démarches et de réflexions sur la dynamique des milieux naturels dans le Centre–Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Ces espaces de savane sub–soudanaise sont réputés fragiles. Or, ils doivent supporter actuellement une population en nette augmentation. Ainsi, les choix agricoles effectués ou imposés s’inscrivent-ils dans une multitude de situations géomorphologiques très différentes. Cet article cherche alors à présenter comment l’utilisation agricole du sol a évolué dans des paysages élémentaires aussi contrastés, selon quelle intensité, entre 1973 et 1979, années pour lesquelles on dispose de photographies aériennes.
La gestion des zones côtières en milieu tropical insulaire : l'exemple d'un département d'Outre-Mer français, l'île de la Réunion
Authors: Cazes-Duvat Virginie
Published: November 2022

Dans les petites îles tropicales, des contraintes spécifiques -exiguïté des espaces côtiers, forte pression anthropique, sensibilité des écosystèmes- rendent encore plus pertinente qu’en milieu continental une gestion intégrée des zones côtières. Mais l’éloignement et le développement tardif de ces îles expliquent que le concept de GIZC n’y ait été introduit que très récemment, au début des années 1990, sauf dans les îles caraïbes sous dépendance américaine. À partir de l’exemple de l’île de la Réunion, il s’agira de montrer que seule une gestion globale et intégrée des espaces côtiers permet, d’une part, de garantir l’exploitation durable des ressources côtières et, d’autre part, de régler des conflits d’usage émergents. La réussite de la politique de développement durable dépend à l’amont du degré d’implication de l’ensemble des acteurs dans un projet fédérateur. En termes de gestion, il est impératif de conduire une double approche, curative et prospective, qui permette d’améliorer l’existant tout en anticipant sur les difficultés à venir, prévisibles au regard de la forte croissance démographique annoncée.
Équipements de santé et territoires en Pays de la Loire, 1967-2000
Authors: Jousseaume Valérie
Published: November 2022

En une génération, les services de santé de proximité se sont largement diffusés dans les communes rurales de plus de 1 000 à 2 000 habitants. À l’opposé, les services hospitaliers de chirurgie et d’obstétrique se sont concentrés, par étapes, vers les préfectures et sous-préfectures. Cette redistribution des fonctions sanitaires pose à la fois la question économique de l’emploi en milieu rural, et la question territoriale de la capacité des petites villes à structurer leur "pays".
Châteaux et maisons de maître : la propriété foncière érigée en domaine. L’exemple du Midi toulousain aux XIXe et XXe siècles
Authors: Thébault Vincent
Published: November 2022

La présence du château dans l’espace rural et périurbain toulousain relève de différentes strates successives d’investissement des élites urbaines. Si les châteaux féodaux, classiques sont facilement identifiables, et inventoriés, il n’en va pas de même pour les constructions du XIXe siècle. Or, les castels bourgeois sont loin d’être les moins nombreux, assurant un véritable "quadrillage" de l’espace rural. Si leurs fonctions ont pu varier de la maison de maître domaniale à la maison de plaisance, seule la restitution de la dimension foncière du patrimoine bâti permet d’en comprendre la fonction, l’évolution et donc leur impact dans l’évolution de l’espace rural et périurbain contemporain.
Les châteaux dans le vignoble nantais
Authors: Schirmer Raphaël
Published: November 2022

Les châteaux jouissent dans le vignoble nantais d’une importance considérable, tant d’un point de vue social et politique que foncier. Mais leur "mission" historique de développement qualitatif achoppe au XIXe siècle, ce qui contribue à expliquer la longue absence de qualité du vignoble nantais. Ce n’est qu’à présent qu’ils renouent avec leur rôle de locomotive, tout en connaissant un déclin relatif de leur poids. Le château de La Mercredière (Le Pallet) offre un exemple caractéristique des évolutions en cours.
Risques environnementaux liés à la pollution du transport routier en montagne
Authors: Deletraz Gaëlle
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of road pollution on moutain ecosystems and to show that geographic approach is complementary to that of the chemists or biologists. Two valleys have been chosen for field studies : sites at Biriatou/ Saint-Jean-de-Luz and in the Aspe valley. The studied pollutant is nitrogen dioxide (NO2) because it contributes, with the other nitrogen compounds, to acidification and eutrophisation of water and soils. The evaluation of the deposition is not sufficient to determine the risk. Each ecosystem has specific characteristics (buffer capacity of soil, type of vegetation). The critical loads differ according to the environmental conditions. The definition of the risks areas needs the comparison of the levels of pollution and environmental conditions. The methodology used showed that the environmental risks of the road traffic is real, even when the traffic is weak.
Les politiques d’aménagement cyclable aux Pays-Bas
Authors: Baudelle Guy
Published: November 2022

Planning policies for cycling in the Netherlands. The high level of cycling practice in the Netherlands is often the subject of erroneous explanations. The voluntarist planning policies applied for a long time in this country constitute the most decisive explaining factor. We give the origin of these policies, their principles, instruments and effects on mobility, before questioning their possible reproduction in other geographical contexts by showing that they can find their sense and effectiveness only within a global transport and planning strategy.
La traversée routière est-ouest dans le Nord Milano : une infrastructure à la recherche d’une identité
Authors: Pucci Paola
Published: November 2022

The papers shows the interest of the bypasses road project in the North of the Milan region (from Malpensa airport to Bergamo), proposed in the mid Sixties in the Milan Inter-municipal Plan, and no more implemented, as regards to the territorial transformations in the area characterized by a complex social-economic system and by a different local settlement ambits : the North of Milan region This territory, included in five "province" (Milan, Como, Varese, Lecco and Bergamo) and about 100 towns, is characterized by a high density of the local firms that are transformeted this area and also the role of the bypasses road project. This infrastructure project is suspended between a more comprehensive regional design project and the attempt to solve the congestion, offering a tangential axe (east-west) in the radial-centric road scheme characterising the Milan area. The paper analyses the evolution of the aims ascribed to infrastructure that changes its technical performances from road for the local mobility to high speed road for the long distances, becoming a matter of discussion between local authorities and regional gouvernment, but also the ways of legitimating this project through different representations of the territories in the North of Milan region. In this case-study, to privilege "an orientation to issue" (the infrastructure executive project, the technical performances of the infrastructure) without strategic plan giving coherence to the single projects, more than "local context" as a local settlement ambits but also as "an interaction system between local and non-local players" (Crosta, 1995), has made difficult conciliate two dimensions, needfull when dealing with infrastructures. Firstly it is required that general guidelines be provided taking into account the non-local and relational dimensions of each infrastructure, and secondly there is the need to respond to local issues and to the interests of the main figures concerned which may be conflicting with regional policies and affect the project’s implementation.
Une analyse géographique des conflits associatifs liés aux infrastructures de transport : analyse théorique et pratique à partir du cas breton
Authors: Lecourt Arnaud
Published: November 2022

This contribution shows the interest of geographical analysis to have firstly a better comprehension of the environmental conflicts operation which are linked with transportation networks, and secondly to put forward solutions to regulate these conflicts.
L'incidence spatiale des télécommunications dans l'organisation fonctionnelle des entreprises : le cas des centres d'appels
Authors: Bonnet Nicolas
Published: November 2022

Élément constitutif de la société de l''information, les téléactivités se caractérisent par une certaine disparité ainsi que par une grande flexibilité de leur usage. Reconnues désormais institutionnellement comme mode d''activité opératoire en matière d''aménagement du territoire, les téléactivités suivent, par l''action conjuguée des lois du marché et des pouvoirs publics, des logiques d''implantation et de développement très variées. L''incidence de la diffusion de cette innovation plus organisationnelle que technique, tant dans le domaine public que marchand avec les centres d''appels amène notre réflexion à s''interroger sur son mode de diffusion sur les territoires métropolisés. Quels avantages comparatifs les villes moyennes vont-elles proposer dans la réorganisation territoriale de leur environnement régional issu d''une concurrence européenne et mondiale crescendo ?
Le mythe des entreprises sans usine : les sous-traitants de l'électronique en pleine mondialisation
Authors: Carroué Laurent
Published: November 2022

The aim of this paper is to show the emergence of a great innovation in international production of hight technologies : the merge of Electronic Manufacturing Services and of great Contract Manufacturers during 1980 and 1990. In this global industry, the externalization of the production by Majors result in a delocalization of production from North America and West Europe to East Europe and Asia.
Aléa naturel et occupation humaine au long cours en domaine instable : l'exemple de la Campanie (Italie du sud)
Authors: Comentale Bruno
Published: November 2022

La Campanie, en Italie du sud, est emblématique de la longue coexistence des sociétés humaines et du risque volcanique et sismique. Les éruptions du Vésuve ont permis les fortes concentrations rurales grâce aux sols fertiles sur cendres, dans le cadre d’une agriculture irriguée, mais l’urbanisation napolitaine induite rend délicate la gestion d’une nouvelle éruption annoncée comme violente après plus de 60 ans de sommeil du volcan. En outre, la sismicité qui accompagne encore le soulèvement de l’Apennin campanien constitue une menace récurrente dont la dernière manifestation destructrice remonte à 1980. Malgré cette proximité au risque des populations, chaque événement est susceptible de se transformer en catastrophe, comme l’a rappelé l’épisode à coulées de débris de Sarno en 1998, qui, bien que se démarquant du scénario sismique ou volcanique violent, apparaît comme l’expression d’une convergence des héritages sismo-volcaniques et de la variabilité pluviométrique régionale.
Analyser le boire : une perspective anthropologique spécifique
Authors: Douglas Mary , Hiscock Michel
Published: November 2022

The problem of drinking : a specific anthropological perspective.

Introducing the collective work Constructive drinking. Perspectives on drink from anthropology, Mary Douglas, the publisher, determines the principles of what an anthropological analysis of drink must be, aiming at understanding the attitudes of those who drink. Thus, the consumption of drinks sends you back to the reality of the world and also indicates what the world should be ; alcohol in its production and distribution also reveals the strategies of an underground economy.
La longue marche de la sociologie économique à l'Institut havrais de sociologie
Authors: Nicollet Albert
Published: November 2022

The long march of economic sociology at the le havre institute of sociology.

At the beginning (1938) the Le Havre Institute put economic sociology at the forefront of its activities and a series of lectures spread the socio-economic ideas. After the war, thanks to the journal, Peoples' psychology (1946) ethnopsychology became the main priority. However the launch (1959) of the Journal of economic sociology redressed the balance. Three axes of research then took priority : the Third World, port and maritime life and urban problems. Today, we are witnessing a revival of interest in economic sociology in which the Le Havre Institute intends to participate fully.
The Effect of Using Composite Primers, Silane and Surface Roughening on the Shear Bond Strength of Metal Brackets bonded to Old Composites
Authors: Mohammadi Torkani Mohammad Ali , Razeghi Nezhad Mohammad Hussein , Goodarzi Arman , Taram Saman
Published: November 2022

Background: One of the effective factors in successful orthodontic treatment is the use of appropriate bond between the orthodontic bracket and surface of the composite restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using composite primers, silane, and surface roughening on the shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded to old composites. Methods: In this laboratory study, 90 composite disks (Z350 3M) measuring 4 by 6 mm were kept in distilled water for 1 week and subjected to 5000°C heating rotation (rpm). These samples were divided into 6 groups based on the use of composite primer, surface roughening, and silane as follows: Group 1 (Control): old composite+37 % acid etching, Group 2: Old composite+37% acid etching+20 s cure. Group 3: Old composite+37% acid etching+5 s air-drying, Group 4: Old composite+acid etching+rubbing, Group 5: Old composite+roughing with diamond bur, Group 6: Old composite+Acid etching+roughing with diamond bur metal brackets were attached to the specimens and the specimens were immersed in water and in a thermal rotation system of 5000 rpm for 1 week. The shear bond strength of the brackets was measured. Results: The highest and the lowest shear bond strength values were found in the fourth and control groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference across all groups (P=0.001). In this regard, the results of least significant difference (LSD) test also showed that the mean shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets in the control group was significantly lower than that observed in other experimental groups, but without significant difference across the pointed groups. Conclusions: The use of surface roughness, composite primer, and silane together do not have a cumulative effect on the increase of the bond strength between old composite and orthodontic brackets. However, the use of each alone can increase the shear bond strength.
Evaluation of Dental Injuries in Iranian Athletes: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ganbari Leila , Sajadi Manizani Nastaran , Rezaeian Langroudi Raheleh , Naderifar Homa
Published: November 2022

Background: Dental injury is an important public health problem that occurs in athletics. This study aimed to determine dental injuries in Iranian athletes. Methods: By searching related keywords in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases, as well as the reference list of the eligible articles, and related published studies in English and Persian by the end of 2020 were included in the study, and the required data were extracted from them. Results: Out of 475 papers initially identified, 10 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were fully evaluated accordingly. Most dental injuries belonged to combat disciplines, and the most common types of injuries were fractures and mobility in the maxillary incisors. Based on these studies, it was found that most reported injuries occurred in men during exercise. Studies have also shown that the lack of using dental protectors is one of the most important causes of injury, and the use of protectors is crucial in preventing dental injuries. Conclusions: It seems that the emphasis on the preventive role of the use of dental protectors in controlling and preventing the occurrence of dental injuries can be decisive in this regard.
Structural Model of Quality of Life Based on Optimism Mediated by Coping Strategies in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Larjani Sana , Dolatabadi Shiva , Bazzazian Saeideh , Hassani-Abharian Peyman
Published: November 2022

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to a difficult and painful condition if left untreated and the heavy burden of the disease may create many problems for the patients. Objectives: We aimed to design a structural model of quality of life based on optimism mediated by coping strategies in patients with HIV. Methods: The research method was descriptive using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with HIV referred to the Iranian AIDS Studies Center and the Iranian Family Health Association during 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 250 patients with HIV referred to the Iranian AIDS Studies Center and the Iranian Family Health Association who were selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the quality of life, Lazarus-Folkman coping styles, and revised life orientation questionnaires. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS software, version 22, and Lisrel software version 8.80. Results: Coping strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life and optimism in patients with HIV (AGFI=0.92, RMSEA = 0.051). Conclusions: Coping strategies played a mediating role in the relationship between optimism and quality of life so that quality of life increased with the direct effect of optimism and coping strategies.
Nutrition During COVID-19 Quarantine
Authors: Ayoubian Ali , Koolivand Mohsen , Shamloo Sajad , Hesam Mohammad Javad , Norouzi Apourvari Amir , Fallahi Soghra
Published: November 2022

Based on past experience, in the context of epidemics, the nutritional status of individuals is considered as an indicator of resistance to critical situations. During quarantine, inappropriate eating patterns will increase calorie intake and lead to obesity. Unhealthy eating habits during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have raised the risk of obesity, followed by an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and lung disease. Certain nutrients or food combinations can affect the body by activating the cellular immune system, modifying the production of molecular signaling, and gene expression. Dietary supplements with vitamins, bioactive lipids, flavonoids, and herbs support the human immune system against COVID-19. Since there is still no definitive cure for COVID-19 infection and owing to obligatory symbiosis with this virus in the future, the behavior and attitude as well as the lifestyle of people to maintain their health should change. To achieve the desired goal, in the future, it is increasingly necessary to look for suitable and safe food products to strengthen the immune system against diseases, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health risk assessment of heavy metals (Arsenic and Cadmium) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) brands imported to Iran: using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Javdan Gholamali , Ghaffari Hamid Reza , Nahidi Masoomeh , Zeraei Nahid , Hoseinvandtabar Somayeh , Ahmadi Mehrdad , Pourramezani Fateme , Heidarinejad Zoha
Published: November 2022

Background: Rice contamination with heavy metals is one of the most common cases of environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (arsenic and cadmium) in the most widely consumed rice brands imported to southern Iran and to assess the health risk of exposure to them for consumers. Methods: A total of 103 rice samples were selected from 10 brands imported from India during 2014-2018. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by dry ash method using atomic absorption spectrometer (GBC model SavantAA). After determining the concentration of heavy metals in rice samples, health risk assessment was performed using the Monte-Carlo simulation technique. Results: The concentrations of arsenic and cadmium were 94.3±34.1 and 11.3±6.5 mg/kg, respectively. The values of non-carcinogenic risk index (hazard quotient) of cadmium and arsenic were 0.017 and 0.489, respectively. The average carcinogenic risk index for arsenic was 1.7E10-4, which is higher than the standard range (10-4 to10-6). Conclusion: Consumption of imported rice carries a risk of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Consumption of contaminated rice with heavy metals, especially arsenic, can pose potential health risks to the consumer population. Therefore, special attention should be paid to contaminated rice and special interventions should be made to reduce arsenic in imported rice.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans: A Multifactorial Disease With an Immunological Basis
Authors: Dehghan Tarazjani Amirreza , Sarabi Mehrdad , Saghebdoust Sajjad , Omranzadeh Alireza , Mirimoghadam Mohammad Mobin , Rahimi Hamidreza
Published: November 2022

The aim of this review was to assess several factors associated with Buerger’s disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), especially the immunological basis of this disease. We found that an established etiology for TAO has not been agreed on so far, but no one denies the strong association between TAO and tobacco consumption. Another possible etiology for this disease is bacterial infections such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Rickettsia and their possible role via inflammatory processes. TAO was more common in low socioeconomic societies with poor hygiene. It may be attributable to the prevalence of Rickettsia infection because of the tick bite in these societies. In case of autoimmunity, it should be noted that T 17 cells keep the body away from autoimmune processes. The number of infiltrated CD4+ T cells in the arterial wall is higher than B cells. In fact, this may propose the significant role of T cells in the immunopathology of patients with TAO. The disease is also associated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-23, as inflammatory cytokines. Antiphospholipid antibodies, anti-CL, anti-TLRVYK, anti-TLRIYT, anti-TLALYK, and anticardiolipin may also play a role in this disease. Further evidence is needed to shed light on the condition, especially in case of T cell lymphocytes’ role.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Self-care Education and Stress Reduction Therapy on Pain Management Strategies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Daneshnia Faride , Hajalizadeh Kobra , Abedini Sedigheh
Published: November 2022

Background: Development of psychological skills can be used to improve physical illnesses. Pain management strategies are one of the most important psychological skills and strategies that can help improve the disease. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-care education and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on pain management strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: The statistical population of the study included patients with RA referred to rheumatology centers in Isfahan, from which 30 people were selected as a sample. In the study, the effect of two interventions of self-care education and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on coping strategies was evaluated and compared. Results: The results showed that self-care training could have a significant effect on coping strategies (P=0.001). Mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy also had a significant effect on coping strategies (P=0.005) and comparing the effectiveness of two interventions showed that self-care training was significantly more effective than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on coping strategies in patients with RA. Conclusion: Self-care training was more effective than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on coping strategies, and in general, both interventions were able to improve coping strategies in patients.
Quality of Life in Children With Chronic Functional Constipation and Their Family Members
Authors: Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Soofi Hoda , Shahramian Iraj , Bazi Ali , Honar Naser , Mani Arash , Erjaee Asma
Published: November 2022

Background: Functional constipation (FC) is one of the most common complaints in childhood. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the quality of life in children with chronic FC and their family members. Methods: In this study, 100 children from 2-18 years of age (57 males, 43 females) with chronic FC were selected. The Child Health Questionnaire - Parent Form 50 questionnaire was used for quality of life assessment in children and their family members. Quality of life scores were compared with 100 healthy children from 2-18 years of age. The questionnaire consists of 15 domains, each of which ranges in score from zero to 100. A higher score represents a better quality of life. Results: Quality of life scores in all 15 domains were significantly lower in children with FC than in healthy children (P<0.001). Scores of physical functioning, behavior, and mental health were lower in children with FC and fecal incontinence compared to children with FC alone (P<0.05). Conclusion: FC impacts on quality of life of the affected children and their family members. Practitioners should be aware of its effects on quality of life to improve the disease course with early assessment and treatment.
COVID-19 and Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Davoodian Nahid , Kargar-Abargouei Elias , Arab Firouzjaei Maryam
Published: November 2022

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been known as a highly pandemic virus that is characterized by a severe multiorgan pathology. Generally, cardio-respiratory complications are the dominant manifestations in patients infected with COVID-19. Since the coronavirus targets angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) receptors, however, the virus is also likely to exhibit multiorgan complications. Some retrospective cohorts as well as case studies have shown varying degrees of increased alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) in COVID-19 infections. A limited number of histopathological studies examining the liver have also reported an acute portal necrosis of this organ. Some other studies investigating the patients with COVID-19 have documented an acute hepatic encephalopathy with altered mental status. Beyond doubt, having a greater awareness of these complications positively contributes to timely and effective management and treatment of the patients. The present review article, therefore, aimed to highlight the consequences of developing hepatic encephalopathy for patients with COVID-19, its possible multifaceted mechanisms, and the management of neurological complications in these infected patients.
Predicting the Meaning of Life Based on Moral Development, Cognitive Styles, and Hopefulness in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ajabi Mona , Sadati Seyedeh Zahra , Zadhasan Zohreh , Ouliaei Shahnaz
Published: November 2022

Background: Diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in most countries of the world and causes disability, disability, high medical costs, and increased mortality. This study aimed to predict the meaning of life based on moral development, cognitive styles, and hopefulness in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all patients of the Karaj Diabetes Association in 2019 (Iran), among whom 200 cases were selected by the convenience sampling method and Cochran formula. The Meaning of Life Questionnaire (2006), Kohlberg’s Moral development Test (1977), Kolb Cognitive Styles Scale (1981), and Snyder Hope scale (1996) were used for data collection. Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the data by SPSS23, and the significance level was 0.05. Results: The results revealed that moral development (β=0.15, P=0.03), cognitive styles (β=0.38, P<0.001), and hopefulness (β=0.22, P<0.001) had a positive effect on the meaning of life. Conclusion: It can be concluded that moral development, cognitive styles, and hopefulness can predict the meaning of life among people with T2D, highlighting the importance of the role of the meaning of life in people with T2D.
Primary Rectal Teratoma Presenting as an Irritable Bowel-like Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Pashaei Mohammad Reza , Tahavori Amir
Published: November 2022

Background: Teratoma is a tumor comprised of three germinal layers classified as mature or immature in most cases. Most mature solid teratomas are benign but may turn malignant; therefore, complete resection is advised in these cases. They usually occur in women. Primary rectal teratomas are infrequent, and only a few cases have been described in the literature. Teratomas are the most common cystic that rise in the ovary, testicle, and retroperitoneum. They can also be solid and are better known as dermoid cysts. Case Presentation: We report a 34-year-old woman who were presented with intermittent constipation and diarrhea in Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital in January 2020. After examination, a solid intra-rectal teratoma occurring mainly in the rectum was detected in this case. The patient underwent segmental colectomy and histology, which revealed squamous epithelium, fat cells, hair follicles, cartilaginous material, and granuloma suggestive of mature teratoma. Conclusion: The present case was a solid primary rectal teratoma, an uncommon disease with many misdiagnoses that can be differentiated from other diseases. In this case report, it is differentiated from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
A Review on the Biology, Mechanisms, and Pathways of Treating Bacterial Persisters: What Medications Defeat Them?
Authors: Ghazaei Ciamak
Published: November 2022

A genetically-identical bacterial population is phenotypically heterogeneous, with phenotypic variants arising due to fluctuations in gene expression. Persister formation may be induced by environmental factors/stress such as antibiotic treatment, signalling molecule indole, quorum sensing molecules, nutrient starvation, oxidative stress, heat stress, hyperosmotic stress, and acid stress. Since persisters are clinically relevant, it is important to study the mechanisms responsible for persister formation so that therapies can be designed to curtail these infections.
Lifestyle Modification for Autism-Spectrum Disorder, the Effects of Functional Training Along With Online Nutritional Education on Physical Fitness Parameters: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Moiniafshari Kimia , Gholami Mandana , Dalvand Hamid , Efatpanah Mohammad , Rezayi Saeed
Published: November 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected individual lives in several aspects, including physical activity and dietary pattern, which are common challenges among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the effect of functional training along with online nutritional education on physical fitness indicators in 8-12 years old children with ASD. Methods: Eighty children with ASD (age = 9.73 ± 1.29 years, weight = 49.94 ± 2.08 kg, height = 146.08 ± 40 cm, BMI percentile = 64.88 ± 2.89, fat mass percentage = 24.71 ± 1.48) were randomly divided into four groups, including: (1) functional training, (2) online nutritional education, (3) functional training + nutritional education, and (4) control group. The interventional groups received their specific interventions for eight weeks and three session per week. The control group did not receive any intervention. Physical fitness indicators were assessed prior to the intervention and at the end of eight weeks.Results: There was no significant difference between the demographic and physical fitness parameters (PFPs), including upper limb, lower limb, abdominal, trunk strength, cardio-respiratory fitness, dynamic and static balance, flexibility, speed, and 1 repetition-maximum (1RM) between the groups before the interventions (P ˃ 0.05). There was a significant improvement in physical fitness indicators in all the interventional groups in comparison with the control group (P ≤ 0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that functional training and online nutritional education may improve physical fitness indicators in ASD children, offering beneficial health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Allantoin ameliorated liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: role of nuclear factor kappa B/cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 pathway
Authors: Komeili-Movahhed Tahereh , Moslehi Azam
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered as current and critical liver disease and liver fibrosis is an initial step to vast NASH injuries. Allantoin is an important and sure composite, which has remark effects on inflammation and apoptosis. This study was done to evaluate the allantoin duty on liver fibrosis and its pathways in mice-induced NASH. Methods: In the control groups, inbred mice took saline and allantoin. In the NASH group, NASH was provided with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for eight weeks, and finally, in the NASH-Alla group, allantoin was injected for four weeks in the mice with an MCD diet. For collagen deposition evaluation, trichrome Masson staining and for cellular evaluations, real-time PCR and ELISA assays were performed. Results: Allantoin treatment improved liver steatosis and fibrosis. Protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFĸB-p65) (P < 0.05) and genes expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (P < 0.001), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) (P < 0.001), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) (P < 0.001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) (P < 0.001) were also decreased. Moreover, hepatic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels lowered after allantoin treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Attenuating effects of allantoin on liver fibrosis may be due to the inhibition of NFĸB/TGFβ, NFĸB/MMP9, and NFĸB/Cox2/PGE2 pathways, which decrease αSMA expression and collagen deposition and ameliorate liver fibrosis.
Phytochemical profile, anti-glycation effect, and advanced glycation end-products protein cross-link breaking ability of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark crude extracts
Authors: Adeniran Oluwaseyefunmi Iyabo , Musyoki Andrew Munyalo , Sethoga Lesibana Samuel , Mogale Motetelo Alfred , Gololo Sechene Stanley , Shai Leshweni Jeremia
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark is widely used for the treatment of many medical conditions. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The study, other than phytochemical composition, evaluated the anti-glycation and AGEs-protein cross-link breaking effects of S. birrea stem-bark extracts. Methods: Different S. birrea extracts and aminoguanidine (used as control) were incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose/fructose at 37oC for 40 days. Amounts of fluorescent AGEs (FAGEs) and immunogenic AGEs formed were determined. Anti-glycation activity percentage of each extract and aminoguanidine was calculated. Their AGEs-protein cross-link breaking abilities were also assessed. Standard techniques were employed for phytochemical screening. Volatile compounds were identified by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: S. birrea stem-bark n-hexane extract was statistically more effective than aminoguanidine against the formation of total immunogenic AGEs (P<0.05). For FAGEs, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts exerted significantly higher anti-glycation effects than aminoguanidine (P<0.001). Methanol extract exhibited the highest anti-glycation effect with an average IC50 value of 0.142 mg/mL against FAGEs. All extracts were effective in releasing BSA from the preformed collagen-AGEs-BSA cross-links. GC-MS enabled the identification of many biologically important compounds, including campesterol, stigmasterol, and 1-heptatricontanol. Conclusion: S. birrea stem-bark has a potential for usage in the management of complications in uncontrolled glucose metabolism.
Effect of glycyrrhizin and its derivatives on integrity of human red blood cells
Authors: Fayziev Diyor , Merzlyak Petr , Rustamova Sarvinoz , Khamidova Ozoda , Kurbannazarova Ranokhon , Sabirov Ravshan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The first and most prevailing cells that glycyrrhizin (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) encounter are red blood cells (RBCs). However, what follows this event is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GL and its derivatives on the integrity of human RBCs. Methods: The integrity of human RBC was assessed under normal isotonic conditions and following osmotic and nystatin-induced colloid-osmotic stress by measuring the amount of hemoglobin released. The pore size was determined by the osmotic protection method. Results: GL was found to be virtually non-hemolytic. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety of GL imparted significant RBC lytic activity to the cis-(beta-) but not to the trans-(alpha-) isoform of GA. The hemisuccinate radical at position C3 (carbenoxolone) greatly diminished the hemolytic property of GA. The RBC lysis occurred by colloid-osmotic mechanism due to the formation of hydrophilic pores with the radius of ~2.3 nm. At the sublytic doses, the two stereo-isoforms displayed opposite effects on the osmo-resistivity of human RBC: osmoprotection for alpha-GA and osmotic sensibilization for beta-GA. Similar osmotic sensibilization was also observed for GL and carbenoxolone. The two stereo-isoforms exhibited different but not opposite weakening effects on the resistivity of the RBC to the colloid-osmotic stress induced by nystatin, a pore-former. The weakening effect was found intermediate for GL and absent for carbenoxolone. Conclusion: Upon intestinal digestion and absorption, depending on the structure and dosage, the GL hydrolysis products interact with RBC with both beneficial and detrimental consequences.
Phenolic fraction concentrates supplementation ameliorates learning and memory impairments in chronically stressed streptozotocin-diabetic rats by reducing brain tumor necrosis factor-α
Authors: Bikri Samir , Fath Nada , El aboubi Meriam , Hsaini Asmae , Hindi Zakia , Benmhammed Hajar , Ahami Ahmed Omar Touhami , Aboussaleh Youssef
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The present work aims to assess if insulin combined with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFCs) prevents diabetes-related cognitive impairments by controlling neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Directly after confirming the hyperglycemia, diabetic animals were treated with insulin combined with PFC and were exposed to 2 stressors/day for 12 weeks. Then, four cognitive tests were carried out to assess learning and memory performances. Finally, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis, and the brain regions viz. striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal-cortex of each hemisphere were dissected out for TNF-α analysis. Results: Both diabetes and stress could induce learning and memory impairments, which were more prominent in stressed diabetic animals, and significantly reversed by insulin treatment supplemented with PFC compared to the insulin monotherapy. Moreover, diabetic rats exposed to CMS displayed disturbances in glucose homeostasis as well as corticosterone secretion. These dysfunctions were linked to the significant increase of TNF-α in the blood as well as in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Insulin significantly ameliorated this inflammatory abnormality, while the supplemented treatment showed a significant effect, by stabilizing TNF-α to its normal levels in the hippocampus and in the blood when compared to insulin monotherapy. Conclusion: Insulin supplemented with PFC has a favorable effect over insulin alone on inflammatory aberrations linked with type 1 diabetes and stress in animals, confirming the preference of the combined treatment over insulin for the management of cognitive impairment in stressed diabetic subjects.
TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT TO OP-TIMIZE PLASMA SPRAYING ACCORDING TO THE VELOCITY PARAMETER OF SPRAYED PARTICLES
Authors: Plahotin Aleksandr , Mandrykin Igor' , Kadirmetov Anvar , Popov Petr , Bolgov Andrei
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to the issue of optimizing the processes of plasma spraying of coatings according to the criterion of the speed of sprayed particles, which is highly determining the quality of the applied coatings, and technological equipment for this using, first of all, disk devices.
SUPERFICIAL HARDENING OF PROTEC-TIVE COATINGS OF LOADED PARTS OF THERMO- AND ELECTROMECHANICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Popov Dmitrii , Sukhochev Gennadiy , Nikonov Vadim , Sniatkov Evgenii , Balahnova Yuliya
Published: November 2022

The work is devoted to the surface hardening of the covered with thermo and electromechanical hardening, as well as vibro-autistic grinding and jet-dynamic method. An analysis of the impact of strengthening processing on the operational prop-erties of coatings was carried out; The results of experimental studies are presented indicating the methodology of experiment and used equipment and devices.
A UNIFIED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MAINTAINING ELECTRONIC TRIPS AT PASSENGER TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kiryushina Evgeniya , Dorokhin Sergey
Published: November 2022

In the article, the authors substantiates the need to introduce electronic waybills at passenger transport enterprises, and also reveals a number of advantages when using this type of travel documentation. Proposals for the development of a program for automating and optimizing the fundamental documents in passenger transport enterprises.
Imaging for the People Appropriate Technology in the Developing World
Authors: Watnick M.
Published: November 2022

Simple diagnostic imaging (WHIS-RAD) and ultrasound are non- available for health workers practicing in low-resource developing nations. A low-tech approach rather than hi-tech is appropriate, with excellent clinical results. These adjuncts to the history and physical will lead to markedly improved clinical outcomes.
Genetic Factors of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Руденкова Т.В. , Костюк С.А. , Горбич Ю.Л.
Published: November 2022

Klebsiella pneumoniae является одним из основных возбудителей инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи в Республике Беларусь. Ключевой проблемой лечения инфекций, вызванных данным микроорганизмом, в настоящее время является высокий уровень устойчивости к антибактериальным лекарственным средствам, в том числе карбапенемам, аминогликозидам, фторхинолонам, растущая устойчивость к колистину.В статье рассматриваются основные механизмы устойчивости микроорганизмов к антибиотикам, характеризуются возможности и потенциальные преимущества вертикального и горизонтального пути передачи механизмов устойчивости. Основной упор делается на бета-лактамазы, обуславливающие устойчивость к карбапенемам (карбапенемазы): металло-бета-лактамазы, оксациллиназы, бета-лактамазы группы А, а также делается акцент на возможности наличия у Klebsiella pneumoniae других механизмов устойчивости. Отдельно описывается mgrB-ассоциированный механизм устойчивости к колистину. Устойчивость к карбапенемам и/или колистину распространяется в настоящее время с большой скоростью, приводя к развитию значимых вспышек инфекций, вызванных внебольничными и/или нозокомиальными штаммами Klebsiella pneumoniae, а также неэффективности лечения.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of healthcare-associated infections in the Republic of Belarus. The main challenge currently related to treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated infections is high level of resistance to antimicrobials, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, as well as emerging resistance to colistin. Thisreviewisfocusedonβ-lactamasesmediatedcarbapenemresistance(carbapenemases), including metallo-β-lactamases, oxacillinases, type A β-lactamases. It is also stressed the role of non-β-lactamase mechanisms in carbapenem resistance. mgrB-associated colistin resistance, essential antibiotic resistance mechanisms, features and potential advantages of horizontal and vertical resistance gene transfers are also described.Carbapenem and/or colistin resistance are spreading at an alarming rate, resulting in major outbreaks and treatment failure of community-acquired and/or nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.