bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Change talk’ among physicians in small group learning communities: An ethnographic study
Authors: Armson Heather , Moncrieff Kathleen , Lofft Meghan , Roder Stefanie
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Physicians face uncertainties in complex clinical environments. Small group learning initiatives allow physicians to decipher new evidence and address challenges. This study aimed to understand how physicians in small learning groups discuss, interpret and assess new evidence‐based information to make decisions for practice.

Methods

An ethnographic approach was used to collect data from observed discussions between practising family physicians (n = 15) that meet in small learning groups (n = 2). Physicians were members of a continuing professional development (CPD) programme that provides educational modules with clinical cases and evidence‐based recommendations for best practice. Nine learning sessions were observed over 1 year. Field notes documenting the conversations were analysed using ethnographic observational dimensions and thematic content analysis. Observational data were supplemented with interviews (n = 9) and practice reflection documents (n = 7). A conceptual framework for ‘change talk’ was created.

Results

Observations elucidated the following: Facilitators played a significant role in leading the discussion by focusing on practice gaps. As group members shared approaches to clinical cases, baseline knowledge and practice experiences were revealed. Members made sense of new information by asking questions and sharing knowledge. They determined what information was useful and whether it applied to their practice. They reviewed evidence, tested algorithms, benchmarked themselves to best practice and consolidated knowledge before committing to practice change(s). Themes from interviews emphasised that sharing of practice experiences played an integral part in decisions to implement new knowledge, helped validate guideline recommendations and provided strategies for feasible practice changes. Documented practice reflections regarding decisions for practice change(s) overlapped with field notes.

Conclusion

This study provides empirical data on how small groups of family physicians discuss evidence‐based information and make decisions for clinical practice. A ‘change talk’ framework was created to illustrate the processes that occur when physicians interpret and assess new information to bridge gaps between current and best practices.
Crack identification using electrical impedance tomography and transfer learning
Authors: Quqa Said , Landi Luca , Loh Kenneth J.
Published: May 2023

Sensing skins and electrical impedance tomography constitute a convenient and inexpensive alternative to dense sensor networks for distributed sensing in civil structures. However, their performance can deteriorate with the aging of the sensing film. Guaranteeing high identification performance after minor lesions is crucial to improving their ability to identify structural damage. In this paper, electrical resistance tomography is used to identify the crack locations in nanocomposite paint sprayed onto structural components. The main novelty consists of using crack annotations collected during visual inspections to improve the crack identification performance of deep neural networks trained using simulated datasets through transfer learning. Transfer component analysis is employed for simulation‐to‐real information transfer and applied at a population level, extracting low‐dimensional domain‐invariant features shared by simulated models and structures with similar geometry. The results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches for crack localization in complex damage patterns.
Exploring 3D leaf anatomical traits for C4 photosynthesis: chloroplast and plasmodesmata pit field size in maize and sugarcane
Authors: Lee Moon‐Sub , Boyd Ryan A. , Boateng Kingsley A. , Ort Donald R.
Published: May 2023

Volume and surface area of chloroplasts and surface area of plasmodesmata pit fields are presented for two C4 species, maize and sugarcane, with respect to cell surface area and cell volume.

Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy with the Airyscan system (LSM) were used. Chloroplast size estimates were much faster and easier using LSM than with SBF‐SEM; however, the results were more variable than SBF‐SEM.

Mesophyll cells were lobed where chloroplasts were located, facilitating cell‐to‐cell connections while allowing for greater intercellular airspace exposure. Bundle sheath cells were cylindrical with chloroplasts arranged centrifugally. Chloroplasts occupied c. 30–50% of mesophyll cell volume, and 60–70% of bundle sheath cell volume. Roughly 2–3% of each cell surface area was covered by plasmodesmata pit fields for both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells.

This work will aid future research to develop SBF‐SEM methodologies with the aim to better understand the effect of cell structure on C4 photosynthesis.
Dead or alive: carbon as a currency to integrate disease and ecosystem ecology theory
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Peace Angela , Asik Lale , Everett Rebecca A. , Frenken Thijs , González Angélica L. , Strauss Alexander T. , Van de Waal Dedmer B. , White Lauren A. , Borer Elizabeth T.
Published: May 2023

Death is a common outcome of infection, but most disease models do not track hosts after death. Instead, these hosts disappear into a void. This assumption lacks critical realism, because dead hosts can alter host–pathogen dynamics. Here, we develop a theoretical framework of carbon‐based models combining disease and ecosystem perspectives to investigate the consequences of feedbacks between living and dead hosts on disease dynamics and carbon cycling. Because autotrophs (i.e. plants and phytoplankton) are critical regulators of carbon cycling, we developed general model structures and parameter combinations to broadly reflect disease of autotrophic hosts across ecosystems. Analytical model solutions highlight the importance of disease–ecosystem coupling. For example, decomposition rates of dead hosts mediate pathogen spread, and carbon flux between live and dead biomass pools are sensitive to pathogen effects on host growth and death rates. Variation in dynamics arising from biologically realistic parameter combinations largely fell along a single gradient from slow to fast carbon turnover rates, and models predicted higher disease impacts in fast turnover systems (e.g. lakes and oceans) than slow turnover systems (e.g. boreal forests). Our results demonstrate that a unified framework, including the effects of pathogens on carbon cycling, provides novel hypotheses and insights at the nexus of disease and ecosystem ecology.
Within‐colony segregation of foraging areas: from patterns to processes
Authors: Morinay Jennifer , Riotte‐Lambert Louise , Aarts Geert , De Pascalis Federico , Imperio Simona , Morganti Michelangelo , Catoni Carlo , Assandri Giacomo , Ramellini Samuele , Rubolini Diego , Cecere Jacopo G.
Published: May 2023

Spatial segregation of foraging areas among conspecifics breeding in neighbouring colonies has been observed in several colonial vertebrates and is assumed to originate from competition and information use. Segregation between foraging individuals breeding in different parts of a same colony has comparatively received limited attention, even though it may have strong impacts on colony structure and individual fitness, and thus on population dynamics of colonial species. To shed light on the processes (namely competition and memory) driving small‐scale spatial segregation of foraging areas in colonial species, we used empirical data and developed an individual based model (IBM). By GPS tracking lesser kestrels Falco naumanni breeding in an urban area and foraging in the surrounding farmland, we found that foraging areas of individuals nesting in two close‐by (ca 600 m) roof terraces (i.e. nest clusters) were significantly spatially segregated. Individuals from different nest clusters showed different departure bearings and encountered different habitats but showed similar fitness traits. Individuals from the same cluster did not seem to follow conspecifics when leaving for a foraging trip. The IBM, based on data from seven roof terraces, showed that such collective spatial segregation does not necessitate social information use: personal information and memory may be sufficient to mechanistically explain intra‐colony segregation of foraging areas. Besides, there was a clear distance‐dependent segregation: individuals from distant clusters segregated more, matching what is observed at large spatial scales (i.e. among neighbouring colonies). Our results do not question the fact that colonial species may use social information during foraging or that colonies can act as information centres. Instead, they suggest that within‐colony foraging range spatial segregation, arising from simple mechanisms not necessarily involving information sharing, might be widespread in colonial systems. These results thus further challenge the long‐standing view that colonies should be regarded as single cohesive entities.
Adductor Canal Block Combined with General Analgesia for Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation Undergoing “3‐in‐1” Procedure Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiong Yan , Wang Duan , Li Shu , Li Xuejie , Lin Yanjun , Li Jian , Li Qi
Published: May 2023

Objective

Patellar dislocation is a common injury in sports medicine. While surgical treatment is an important option, pain is severe after surgery. This study compared the analgesic effect and early rehabilitation quality between adductor canal block combined with general analgesia (ACB + GA) and single general analgesia (SGA) after recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) for “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery.

Methods

From July 2018 to January 2020, a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in analgesia management after RPD for “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery. The 40 patients in the experimental group received ACB (0.3% ropivacaine 30 mL) + GA, while the 38 patients in the control group received SGA. Patients in both groups received “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery, standardized anesthesia, and analgesia during hospitalization. The outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS), quadriceps strength, Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (IPSQ), Lysholm scores, and Kujala scores. Total rescue analgesic consumption and adverse events were also recorded. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare continuous variables between groups and chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare count data. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H tests evaluated ranked data.

Results

No significant differences in resting VAS scores were observed at 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. However, the flexion and moving VAS scores of the ACB + GA group were significantly lower than those of the SGA group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the first triggering of rescue analgesics was advanced in the SGA group (p < 0.0001), and the dose of opioid analgesics was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). The quadriceps strength of the ACB + GA group was higher than that of the SGA group at 8 h postoperatively. The IPSQ of the ACB + GA group was significantly higher 24 h postoperatively. We observed no significant differences in Lysholm and Kujala scores between the two groups at 3 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Early analgesia management of ACB + GA showed excellent analgesia effectiveness and a positive hospitalization experience for RPD patients undergoing “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery. Moreover, this management was good for early rehabilitation.
Memory belief is weak
Authors: Lai Changsheng
Published: May 2023

Recently there has been extensive debate over whether “belief is weak”, viz, whether the epistemic standard for belief is lower than for assertion or knowledge. While most current studies focus on notions such as “ordinary belief” and “outright belief”, this paper purports to advance this debate by investigating a specific type of belief; memory belief. It is argued that (outright) beliefs formed on the basis of episodic memories are “weak” due to two forms of “entitlement inequality”. My key argument is thus twofold. First, by rejecting the epistemic theory of memory, I argue that one can be entitled to belief but not to knowledge. Second, by scrutinising a recent defence of the belief norm of assertion, it will be demonstrated that belief is weaker than assertion, as long as we expect one to match words with deeds.
Population density, urbanisation and agricultural mechanisation in modern Ghana
Authors: Warren Frances
Published: May 2023

Farmers' technological choices take place within farming systems that are shaped by population pressure, connectivity to urban markets and agro‐ecological conditions. The relationship between these drivers and agricultural technology use is ambiguous. On the one hand, population growth can increase the supply of labour, driving down wage rates and reducing the incentives for mechanisation. On the other hand, rural–urban movements of people can reduce rural labour supply while simultaneously driving up the demand for food and hence the demand for mechanisation. Past theories of agricultural mechanisation have explained the low adoption of agricultural machinery in land‐abundant cereal production systems of SSA in terms of these drivers. However, recent empirical observations find extensive adoption of mechanised ploughing technology by small, medium and large‐scale farmers in Ghana. Examining the Ghanaian experience can thus shed new light on theories of mechanisation. A large household survey dataset covering eight districts is combined with geo‐spatial data on population, urban proximity and agro‐ecological factors to consider whether the existing theories are able to explain farm‐level adoption decisions in this context. The analysis finds that a farmer's decision to use agricultural machinery is associated with lower population density and proximity to urban centres. In northern Ghana, these drivers of technological change are as important as farm household characteristics in understanding cross‐sectional patterns of machinery adoption.
Reshaping state–citizen relationships through donor‐designed targeting systems in Lesotho and Malawi
Authors: Hemsteede Roeland
Published: May 2023

Social and humanitarian cash transfers in sub‐Saharan Africa are increasingly used to support a wide range of vulnerable populations with long‐term support or immediate relief. Designing and implementing cash transfers typically involves a range of transnational actors and government stakeholders who continuously exert power which in turn affects state–citizen relations. The data informing this article come from 109 key informant interviews with (inter)national‐level stakeholders involved in three social cash transfers and two humanitarian cash transfers in Lesotho and Malawi. This article argues that donor‐designed targeting approaches in Lesotho and Malawi create space for new state–citizen relations, but that these are relatively shallow and reconfigured once technical capacity allows for targeting approaches that rely less on communities. It contributes to the literature on the role of transnational actors in social protection by showing that their role is significant when it comes to creating new redistributive relations, even if transnational actors are unable to convince host governments to take full fiscal responsibility for their initiatives due to differing views on who deserves what kind of support.
Levels of algebraicity in stable homotopy theories
Authors: Ishak Jocelyne , Roitzheim Constanze , Williamson Jordan
Published: May 2023

We study several different notions of algebraicity in use in stable homotopy theory and prove implications between them. The relationships between the different meanings of algebraic are unexpectedly subtle, and we illustrate this with several interesting examples arising from chromatic homotopy theory.
Global regularity for a class of fully nonlinear PDEs with unbalanced variable degeneracy
Authors: Bezerra Júnior Elzon C. , da Silva João Vitor , C. Rampasso Giane , C. Ricarte Gleydson
Published: May 2023

We establish the existence and sharp global regularity results (, and estimates) for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) with unbalanced variable degeneracy. In a precise way, the degeneracy law of the model switches between two different kinds of degenerate elliptic operators of variable order, according to the null set of a modulating function . The model case in question is given by
for a bounded, regular, and open set , and appropriate continuous data , , and . Such sharp regularity estimates generalize and improve, to some extent, earlier ones via geometric treatments. Our results are consequences of geometric tangential methods and make use of compactness, localized oscillating, and scaling techniques. In the end, our findings are applied in the study of a wide class of nonlinear models.
The Lq$L^q$ spectrum of self‐affine measures on sponges
Authors: Kolossváry István
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a sponge in is the attractor of an iterated function system consisting of finitely many strictly contracting affine maps whose linear part is a diagonal matrix. A suitable separation condition is introduced under which a variational formula is proved for the spectrum of any self‐affine measure defined on a sponge for all . Apart from some special cases, even the existence of their box dimension was not proved before. Under certain conditions, the formula has a closed form which in general is an upper bound. The Frostman and box dimension of these measures is also determined. The approach unifies several existing results and extends them to arbitrary dimensions. The key ingredient is the introduction of a novel pressure function which aims to capture the growth rate of box counting quantities on sponges. We show that this pressure satisfies a variational principle which resembles the Ledrappier–Young formula for Hausdorff dimension.
La narrativa e historias de vida como interpelación a la praxis teológica. Aproximación a los relatos del conflicto colombiano
Authors: Buitrago Rojas Franklin , Nieto-Bravo Johan Andrés , Pérez-Vargas John Jairo
Published: May 2023

La narrativa y el uso de las historias de vida como método de investigación en el campo de las ciencias sociales y humanas viene cobrando vigencia en cuanto se propicia la participación de la voz activa proveniente de los sujetos de investigación. Desde este horizonte de sentido, la investigación cualitativa realizada con métodos narrativos reconoce a los sujetos como coinvestigadores de la propia existencia. Este eclosionar metodológico permite una interpelación a los clásicos quehaceres de las ciencias, entre estas la teología, enriqueciendo los procesos de indagación y construcción de conocimiento emergentes de la ortopráxis teológica.Desde esta problematización, el presente artículo busca hacer una aproximación a las narrativas y las historias de vida en contextos de “victimidad” y conflicto que se extraen del informe final de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, JEP. Con ello se propicia una plataforma hermenéutica que interpela el quehacer teológico y establece líneas de acción y reflexión que inciden directamente en las praxis teológicas y eclesiales. La investigación realizada se desarrolla desde un paradigma cualitativo, asumiendo una perspectiva epistemológica hermenéutica que propicia el abordaje narrativo como una forma de constitución de sentido.El método de análisis de los datos asumido es el de análisis de contenido y construcción de redes semánticas de sentido, apropiado con la ayuda del software maxqda. En los hallazgos investigativos se evidencia que el uso de los métodos inductivos –como la narrativa y las historias de vida– permite permear los discursos y elaboraciones teológicas, otorgando un fuerte sentido y perspectiva de realidad. La relación entre la teología y la narrativa procura la articulación entre la revelación del Dios que salva narrándose y los sujetos que insertan su narrativa en el amplio relato de la salvación.
Coarse-grained simulations of lysozyme-silica-nanoparticle corona
Authors: Qin Lanlan , Yu Gaobo , Zhou Jian
Published: May 2023

Protein coronas, formed by proteins and nanomaterials, have various applications in the biomedical field. Here, large-scale simulations of protein coronas have been carried out by an efficient mesoscopic coarse-grained method with the BMW-MARTINI force field. The effects of protein concentration, size of silica nanoparticles (SNPs), and ionic strength on the formation of lysozyme-SNP coronas are investigated at the microsecond time scale. Simulations results indicate that (i) an increase in the amount of lysozyme is favorable for the conformation stability of adsorbed lysozyme on SNPs. Moreover, the formation of ringlike and dumbbell-like aggregations of lysozyme can further reduce the conformational loss of lysozyme; (ii) for a smaller SNP, the increase of protein concentration exhibits a greater effect on the adsorption orientation of lysozyme. The dumbbell-like lysozyme aggregation is unfavorable for the stability of lysozyme’s adsorption orientation; however, the ringlike lysozyme aggregation can enhance the orientation stability; (iii) the increase of ionic strength can reduce the conformation change of lysozyme and accelerate the aggregation of lysozyme during their adsorption process on SNPs. This work provides some insights into the formation of protein coronas and some valuable guidelines for the development of novel biomolecule-NP conjugates.
Early life adversity and adult social relationships have independent effects on survival in a wild primate
Authors: Lange Elizabeth C. , Zeng Shuxi , Campos Fernando A. , Li Fan , Tung Jenny , Archie Elizabeth A. , Alberts Susan C.
Published: May 2023

Adverse conditions in early life can have negative consequences for adult health and survival in humans and other animals. What variables mediate the relationship between early adversity and adult survival? Adult social environments represent one candidate: Early life adversity is linked to social adversity in adulthood, and social adversity in adulthood predicts survival outcomes. However, no study has prospectively linked early life adversity, adult social behavior, and adult survival to measure the extent to which adult social behavior mediates this relationship. We do so in a wild baboon population in Amboseli, Kenya. We find weak mediation and largely independent effects of early adversity and adult sociality on survival. Furthermore, strong social bonds and high social status in adulthood can buffer some negative effects of early adversity. These results support the idea that affiliative social behavior is subject to natural selection through its positive relationship with survival, and they highlight possible targets for intervention to improve human health and well-being.
Effects of rare-earth magnetism on the superconducting upper critical field in infinite-layer nickelates
Authors: Wang Bai Yang , Wang Tiffany C. , Hsu Yu-Te , Osada Motoki , Lee Kyuho , Jia Chunjing , Duffy Caitlin , Li Danfeng , Fowlie Jennifer , Beasley Malcolm R. , Devereaux Thomas P. , Fisher Ian R. , Hussey Nigel E. , Hwang Harold Y.
Published: May 2023

The search for superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates was motivated by analogy to the cuprates, and this perspective has framed much of the initial consideration of this material. However, a growing number of studies have highlighted the involvement of rare-earth orbitals; in that context, the consequences of varying the rare-earth element in the superconducting nickelates have been much debated. Here, we show notable differences in the magnitude and anisotropy of the superconducting upper critical field across the La-, Pr-, and Nd-nickelates. These distinctions originate from the 4
f
electron characteristics of the rare-earth ions in the lattice: They are absent for La
3+
, nonmagnetic for the Pr
3+
singlet ground state, and magnetic for the Nd
3+
Kramer’s doublet. The unique polar and azimuthal angle-dependent magnetoresistance found in the Nd-nickelates can be understood to arise from the magnetic contribution of the Nd
3+
4
f
moments. Such robust and tunable superconductivity suggests potential in future high-field applications.
Adoptive T
reg
therapy with metabolic intervention via perforated microneedles ameliorates psoriasis syndrome
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Chen Yingxin , Zhao Zhengjie , Zheng Hanqi , Wang Shenqiang , Liao Ziyan , Sheng Tao , Zhao Sheng , Hou Wenhui , Yu Xinmin , He Fang , Yu Jicheng , Zhang Yuqi , Gu Zhen
Published: May 2023

Regulatory T (T
reg
) cells underlie multiple autoimmune disorders and potentialize an anti-inflammation treatment with adoptive cell therapy. However, systemic delivery of cellular therapeutics often lacks tissue targeting and accumulation for localized autoimmune diseases. Besides, the instability and plasticity of T
reg
cells also induce phenotype transition and functional loss, impeding clinical translation. Here, we developed a perforated microneedle (PMN) with favorable mechanical performance and a spacious encapsulation cavity to support cell survival, as well as tunable channels to facilitate cell migration for local T
reg
therapy of psoriasis. In addition, the enzyme-degradable microneedle matrix could release fatty acid in the hyperinflammatory area of psoriasis, enhancing the T
reg
suppressive functions via the fatty acid oxidation (FAO)–mediated metabolic intervention. T
reg
cells administered through PMN substantially ameliorated psoriasis syndrome with the assistance of fatty acid–mediated metabolic intervention in a psoriasis mouse model. This tailorable PMN could offer a transformative platform for local cell therapy to treat a variety of diseases.
Exchange of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli Sequence Type 38 Intercontinentally and among Wild Bird, Human, and Environmental Niches
Authors: Ahlstrom Christina A. , Woksepp Hanna , Sandegren Linus , Ramey Andrew M. , Bonnedahl Jonas
Published: May 2023

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria are a threat to public health globally and have been found in the environment as well as the clinic. Some bacterial clones are associated with carbapenem resistance genes, such as
Escherichia coli
sequence type 38 (ST38) and the carbapenemase gene
bla
OXA-48
.
Probing the drivers of
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm protein amyloidogenesis and disrupting biofilms with engineered protein disaggregases
Authors: Howard Matthew K. , Miller Karlie R. , Sohn Brian S. , Ryan Jeremy J. , Xu Andy , Jackrel Meredith E.
Published: May 2023

Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are the primary proteinaceous component of
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilms. Residence in the protective environment of biofilms allows bacteria to rapidly evolve and acquire antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to persistent infections such as those caused by methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA). In their soluble form, PSMs hinder the immune response of the host and can increase the virulence potential of MRSA. PSMs also self-assemble into insoluble functional amyloids that contribute to the structural scaffold of biofilms. The specific roles of PSM peptides in biofilms remain poorly understood. Here, we report the development of a genetically tractable yeast model system for studying the properties of PSMα peptides. Expression of PSMα peptides in yeast drives the formation of toxic insoluble aggregates that adopt vesicle-like structures. Using this system, we probed the molecular drivers of PSMα aggregation to delineate key similarities and differences among the PSMs and identified a crucial residue that drives PSM features. Biofilms are a major public health threat; thus, biofilm disruption is a key goal. To solubilize aggregates comprised of a diverse range of amyloid and amyloid-like species, we have developed engineered variants of Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ protein disaggregase from yeast. Here, we demonstrate that potentiated Hsp104 variants counter the toxicity and aggregation of PSMα peptides. Further, we demonstrate that a potentiated Hsp104 variant can drive the disassembly of preformed
S. aureus
biofilms. We suggest that this new yeast model can be a powerful platform for screening for agents that disrupt PSM aggregation and that Hsp104 disaggregases could be a promising tool for the safe enzymatic disruption of biofilms.
Flow Structure and Transition to Local Turbulence Downstream of an Asymmetric Narrowing that Imitates Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Molochnikov V. M. , Dushin N. S. , Pashkova N. D. , Gataulin Ya. A. , Smirnov E. M. , Yukhnev A. D.
Published: May 2023

The results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of the flow structure in the separation region downstream of an asymmetric narrowing of smooth canal that simulates 70% one-sided stenosis of the artery are presented. The Reynolds number was equal to 1800. The instantaneous flow velocity vector fields were measured using the SIV technique. The numerical solution was obtained by the large eddy simulation (LES) method. Setting the disturbances in numerical simulation close to the experimental conditions made it possible to obtain a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental velocity fields and the components of the Reynolds stress tensor. The data on formation of the local flow turbulence region behind the constriction and subsequent downstream flow relaminarization are obtained. It is shown that a pair of secondary eddies localized within the region of flow separation is formed near the throat of the constriction.
Urban neighbourhood elements that influence psychoactive substance use among populations with adverse childhood experiences: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Baishya Mona , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hoadley Ariel , Litsas Diana , Roth Stephanie , Collins Bradley N
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic events experienced before the age of 18 years old. ACEs have been associated with an increased risk for substance use in adulthood. While an abundance of research has examined psychosocial factors that explain the link between ACEs and psychoactive substance use, little is known about the additional influence of the urban neighbourhood environment, including community-level factors, that influence the risk of substance use among populations with a history of ACEs.

Methods and analysis

The following databases will be systematically searched: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov and TRIP medical databases. After the title and abstract screening and full-text screening, we will also conduct a manual search of the reference sections of included articles and include relevant citations. Eligibility criteria include peer-reviewed articles that focus on populations with at least one ACE, factors from the urban neighbourhood community, such as elements from the built environment, presence of community service programmes, quality and vacancy of housing, neighbourhood level social cohesion, and neighbourhood level collective efficacy or crime. Included articles should also include terms such as ‘substance abuse’, ‘prescription misuse’ and ‘dependence’. Only studies written or translated into the English language will be included.

Ethics and dissemination

This systematic and scoping review will focus on peer-reviewed publications and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be available for clinicians, researchers and community members via publications and social media. This protocol describes the rationale and methods for the first scoping review to inform future research and community-level intervention development that targets substance use among populations who have experienced ACEs.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023405151.
Sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Terefa Dufera Rikitu , Shama Adisu Tafari , Kenea Abdi Kebede
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt (ORS) utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia, in 2022.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 randomly selected participants from 1 to 30 April 2022. Data were entered into EpiData V.3.1, then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V.25 for analysis. An adjusted OR (AOR) along with a 95% confidence level was estimated to assess the strength of the association, and a p value <0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance.

Results

About 39.6% of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their children with diarrhoea at least once in the last 12 months. Being aged 40–49 years for mothers or caregivers (AOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.41, 8.53); merchant (AOR 4.11, 95% CI 1.73, 8.12); mothers or caregivers able to read and write (AOR 5.77, 95% CI 1.22, 11.67); visited secondary level (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.30, 6.10) and tertiary level health facilities (AOR 0.016, 95% CI 0.03, 0.97); degree and above (AOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12) and doctorate (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04, 0.44) holder healthcare professionals were statistically associated with utilisation of zinc bundled with ORS.

Conclusion

The study found that about two in five of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases. Age, occupation, educational status, level of health facilities visited and level of health professionals provided care were determinants of zinc bundled with ORS utilisation. So, health professionals at different levels of the health system have to enhance the maximisation of its bundled uptake.
Intensive care unit admission is not necessary after venous sinus stenting
Authors: Iyer Ankitha M , Midtlien Jackson P , Kittel Carol , Fargen Kyle M
Published: May 2023

Background

Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Many physicians routinely admit patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring, but little data exists on whether this is necessary.

Methods

Electronic medical records of consecutive patients who underwent VSS by the senior author from 2016 to 2022 at a single center were reviewed.

Results

214 patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 35.5 (11.6) and 196 (91.6%) patients were female. A total of 166 (77.6%) patients underwent transverse sinus stenting alone; 9 (4.2%) underwent superior sagittal sinus (SSS) stenting alone, 37 (17.3) concomitant transverse and SSS stenting, and 2 (0.9%) underwent stenting at alternate sites. All patients were planned admission to the regular ward (27.6%) or day hospital (72.4%). Twenty (9.3%) patients were discharged to home the same day as the procedure and 182 (85%) patients were discharged the following day. Major periprocedural complications were identified in 2 (0.93%) patients and minor complications were identified in 16 (7.4%). Only one patient with a subdural hematoma identified in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) had care escalated to the ICU. No severe complications were identified after the PACU stay. During the next 48 hours after discharge, 4 (1.9%) patients returned to any emergency room to be evaluated without requiring readmission.

Conclusion

Routine ICU admission following uncomplicated VSS is unnecessary. Overnight admission to a low-acuity ward, or even same-day discharge in select patients, appears to be a safe and cost-effective strategy.
C*-algebras generated by multiplication operators and composition operators by functions with self-similar branches
Authors: Hamada Hiroyasu
Published: May 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact metric space and let [Formula: see text] be continuous. We study a [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] generated by all multiplication operators by continuous functions on [Formula: see text] and a composition operator [Formula: see text] induced by [Formula: see text] on a certain [Formula: see text] space. Let [Formula: see text] be a system of proper contractions on [Formula: see text]. Suppose that [Formula: see text] are inverse branches of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is self-similar. We consider the Hutchinson measure [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and the [Formula: see text] space [Formula: see text]. Then we show that the [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to the [Formula: see text]-algebra [Formula: see text] associated with [Formula: see text] under some conditions.
Boson–Fermion correspondence of the multi-component constrained mKP hierarchy
Authors: Zhang Lixiang , Li Chuanzhong
Published: May 2023

We generalize the constrained modified KP (mKP) hierarchy to the multi-component version whose tau function can be expressed as the vacuum expectation value of Clifford operators using free fermions. Meanwhile, we extend the relevant theory of the Boson–Fermion correspondence in single component constrained mKP hierarchy to the multi-component version. This leads us to obtain the rational and soliton solutions of the multi-component constrained mKP hierarchy utilizing the Boson–Fermion correspondence. Furthermore, we give five sets of differential Fay identities and two sets of difference Fay identities of the multi-component mKP hierarchy.
First-principles calculations to investigate optoelectronic and thermodynamic properties of new 1T’-RuOsSe2 hybrid monolayer
Authors: Bittencourt L. R. P. , Santos W. O. , Moucherek F. M. O. , Moreira E. , Barbosa L. S. , Azevedo D. L.
Published: May 2023

The electronic band structure, density of states, optical absorption, phonon spectrum, stability, and thermodynamic properties of 1T’-phase RuOsSe2 hybrid monolayer were systematically studied using ab initio calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density Functional Perturbation Theory (DFPT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the HSE06 functional of hybrid correlation–exchange. Indirect bandgaps [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV were obtained within the calculation level GGA-PBE and HSE06. The investigation of optical absorption shows that the RuOsSe2 monolayer exhibits a significant absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thermodynamic potentials and specific heat at constant volume were calculated, of which dependence on the temperature is discussed. We predict a new RuOsSe2 monolayer from the 1T’ phase that could potentially be synthesized for future electronic devices and bring potential technological applications.
DKP equation in Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics framework
Authors: Askari Ali , Hassanabadi Hassan , Chung Won Sang
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the topic of relativistic particles with zero spins from a unique perspective. Our approach is derived from the Dunkl derivative, which we used to investigate this issue. By examining the ([Formula: see text])-dimensional DKP equation, we obtain eigenfunctions. Additionally, we replace the standard partial derivative with the Dunkl derivative and solve the relativistic particle problem in a box using the new formalism. We then determine the energy spectrum for this scenario. Following this, we investigate the scattering of the potential step problem and the Ramsauer–Townsend effect separately. Finally, we calculate the coefficients of transmission and reflection.
Scalar Casimir effects in a Lorentz violation scenario induced by the presence of constant vectors
Authors: Bezerra de Mello E. R. , Cruz M. B.
Published: May 2023

In this work, we consider a theoretical model that presents a violation of Lorentz symmetry in the approach of quantum field theory. The theoretical model adopted consists of a real massive scalar quantum field confined in the region between two large parallel plates. The violation of Lorentz symmetry is introduced by a CPT-even, aether-like approach, considering a direct coupling between the derivative of the scalar field with two orthogonal constant vectors. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the modification of the Casimir energy and pressure caused by the anisotropy of space–time as a consequence of these couplings. The confinement of the scalar quantum field between the plates is implemented by imposing boundary conditions on them.
A Reduced Switch Count High-Frequency Single-Phase 5-L MLI for IH Applications
Authors: Kurre Manish , Banerjee Atanu , Roy Priyankar
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, multilevel inverter (MLI)-based induction heating (IH) technology is the best-suited option in many domestic, commercial and medicinal applications because of its higher efficiency, low cost, fast heating and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI). This paper presents reduced components count high-frequency (HF) single phase five-level (5-L) MLI for IH applications. The working methodology of the proposed system has been analyzed in the multicarrier phase disposition pulse width modulation (MC-PD-PWM) method in high switching frequency i.e., 10[Formula: see text]kHz. In addition, the proposed topology can produce output voltage twice of input voltage without any external source. Moreover, the detailed power loss and reliability analysis have been evaluated for the proposed system. In terms of switch count and efficiency, the single-phase 5-L inverter architecture is compared to some conventional and current topologies. Finally, to validate and justify the operation of the proposed system, the simulation and experimental results of five-level inverter are presented.
Certain endomorphism rings of local cohomology modules and Lyubeznik numbers
Authors: Boix Alberto F. , Eghbali Majid
Published: May 2023

The goal of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, motivated by questions raised by Schenzel, we explore situations where the Hartshorne–Lichtenbaum Vanishing theorem for local cohomology fails, leading us to simpler expressions of certain local cohomology modules. As application, we give new expressions of the endomorphism ring of these modules. On the other hand, building upon previous work by Àlvarez Montaner, we exhibit the shape of Lyubeznik tables of the so-called partially sequentially Cohen–Macaulay rings as introduced by Sbarra and Strazzanti.
PIRAP: AASM: An Advanced Attribute-Based Security Model for Enhancing Trustworthy Data Sharing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Anbumani P. , Dhanapal R. , Prasanna Venkatesan G. K. D.
Published: May 2023

In today’s world, cloud computing is widely used in various applications and services, which refers to the utilization of computational resources as per user requirements through the Internet. However, despite the numerous advancements in cloud services and applications, there are various security threats associated with it, mainly due to data outsourcing to third-party controlled data centers. In this context, this paper introduces a new model called Attribute-based Advanced Security Model (AASM) for Reliable Data Sharing in the Cloud. This model combines the Advanced Encryption Technique (AET) with Attribute-Based Signature (ABS) to ensure secure data sharing in the Cloud while efficiently controlling data access. The model enables encrypted access control from the data owner’s side with advanced access privileges, ensuring user privacy with an anonymous authentication model using ABS. By implementing these measures, the model provides security for cloud providers and users while safeguarding against malicious attacks. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated based on factors such as time complexities, security and accountability.
Parametric Modeling and Correlation Analysis of the Substructure Design Variables for a Single-Column Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Xie Shuangyi , Jiang Shuxin , He Jiao , Zhang Chenglin
Published: May 2023

The design and optimization of substructure of a floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) is an extremely challengeable work. Before this work, it is necessary to investigate the correlation of design variables of the FOWT substructure. The correlation analysis can help to reduce the dimensions of design parameters and output results, and provide insight into the nature of the design space. The subsequent design and optimization workload can therefore be reduced. This paper aims to provide a framework of parametric modeling and correlation analysis of the substructure design variables for a single-column FOWT with a slack catenary mooring system. The NREL offshore 5 MW baseline wind turbine is selected in this study, and various floating foundation configurations are designed to adapt to this wind turbine. In order to evaluate the main dynamic performances of the FOWT well and quickly, a reduced-degree-of-freedom model of the FOWT is constructed and verified. Then, the substructure design parameters are parameterized to facilitate modeling, and simulations based on design of experiments are performed to save evaluation time and cost. In simulations, three sets of steady wind speeds are applied to eliminate the influence of controller dynamics. The results showed that the correlation of dynamic performances of the FOWT is significant, indicating that it is enough to consider several outputs to represent the dynamic behavior of the system. Regarding the designing parameters, the draft generates the most significant influence on the FOWT dynamic performances. The column radius has different influences for the cases with and without heave plates. Additionally, whether or not the heave plate is added, the mooring line length mainly influences the 95th percentile of platform horizontal surge displacement and standard deviation of fairlead tension of the downwind mooring line.
Relaxing Daily Price Limits and Stock Market Cross-Correlation: Evidence from MF-X-DMA Analysis
Authors: Ruan Qingsong , Hu Sumiya , Zhang Jiarui , Chu Xiaolin , Lv Dayong
Published: May 2023

The daily price limits in the ChiNext stock market were relaxed from [Formula: see text]% to [Formula: see text]% on 24 August 2020. Using the multifractal detrended moving average cross-correlation analysis (MF-X-DMA) method, we find that relaxing daily price limits leads to a greater degree of multifractality of the ChiNext stock market, suggesting that the relaxation of daily price limits harms stock market efficiency. In addition, the positive cross-correlation between ChiNext and Chinese main board stock markets becomes weaker, i.e., relaxing daily price limits also decreases the connection between ChiNext and other stock markets. Moreover, there is an increase in the degree of the cross-correlation multifractality between ChiNext and Chinese main board stock markets, suggesting that the linkage of ChiNext and other stock markets is more complicated and risky after the relaxation of daily price limits. Our findings fulfill related literature from the perspective of multifractality and have important implications for investors.