bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The chromatin-binding protein Phf6 restricts the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Miyagi Satoru , Sroczynska Patrycja , Kato Yuko , Nakajima-Takagi Yaeko , Oshima Motohiko , Rizq Ola , Takayama Naoya , Saraya Atsunori , Mizuno Seiya , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Takahashi Satoru , Matsuzaki Yumi , Christensen Jesper , Helin Kristian , Iwama Atsushi
Published: March 2019

Recurrent inactivating mutations have been identified in the X-linked plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) gene, encoding a chromatin-binding transcriptional regulator protein, in various hematological malignancies. However, the role of PHF6 in normal hematopoiesis and its tumor-suppressor function remain largely unknown. We herein generated mice carrying a floxed Phf6 allele and inactivated Phf6 in hematopoietic cells at various developmental stages. The Phf6 deletion in embryos augmented the capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to proliferate in cultures and reconstitute hematopoiesis in recipient mice. The Phf6 deletion in neonates and adults revealed that cycling HSCs readily acquired an advantage in competitive repopulation upon the Phf6 deletion, whereas dormant HSCs only did so after serial transplantations. Phf6-deficient HSCs maintained an enhanced repopulating capacity during serial transplantations; however, they did not induce any hematological malignancies. Mechanistically, Phf6 directly and indirectly activated downstream effectors in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) signaling. The Phf6 deletion repressed the expression of a set of genes associated with TNFα signaling, thereby conferring resistance against the TNFα-mediated growth inhibition on HSCs. Collectively, these results not only define Phf6 as a novel negative regulator of HSC self-renewal, implicating inactivating PHF6 mutations in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, but also indicate that a Phf6 deficiency alone is not sufficient to induce hematopoietic transformation.
Delivery of oncolytic vaccinia virus by matched allogeneic stem cells overcomes critical innate and adaptive immune barriers
Authors: Draganov Dobrin D. , Santidrian Antonio F. , Minev Ivelina , Nguyen Duong , Kilinc Mehmet Okyay , Petrov Ivan , Vyalkova Anna , Lander Elliot , Berman Mark , Minev Boris , Szalay Aladar A.
Published: March 2019

Background

Previous studies have identified IFNγ as an important early barrier to oncolytic viruses including vaccinia. The existing innate and adaptive immune barriers restricting oncolytic virotherapy, however, can be overcome using autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells as carrier cells with unique immunosuppressive properties.

Methods

To test the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to overcome innate and adaptive immune barriers and to successfully deliver oncolytic vaccinia virus to tumor cells, we performed flow cytometry and virus plaque assay analysis of ex vivo co-cultures of stem cells infected with vaccinia virus in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Comparative analysis was performed to establish statistically significant correlations and to evaluate the effect of stem cells on the activity of key immune cell populations.

Results

Here, we demonstrate that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have the potential to eradicate resistant tumor cells through a combination of potent virus amplification and sensitization of the tumor cells to virus infection. Moreover, the ADSCs demonstrate ability to function as a virus-amplifying Trojan horse in the presence of both autologous and allogeneic human PBMCs, which can be linked to the intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of stem cells and their unique potential to overcome innate and adaptive immune barriers. The clinical application of ready-to-use ex vivo expanded allogeneic stem cell lines, however, appears significantly restricted by patient-specific allogeneic differences associated with the induction of potent anti-stem cell cytotoxic and IFNγ responses. These allogeneic responses originate from both innate (NK)- and adaptive (T)- immune cells and might compromise therapeutic efficacy through direct elimination of the stem cells or the induction of an anti-viral state, which can block the potential of the Trojan horse to amplify and deliver vaccinia virus to the tumor.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings and data indicate the feasibility to establish simple and informative assays that capture critically important patient-specific differences in the immune responses to the virus and stem cells, which allows for proper patient-stem cell matching and enables the effective use of off-the-shelf allogeneic cell-based delivery platforms, thus providing a more practical and commercially viable alternative to the autologous stem cell approach.
Zero-offset sections with a deblurring filter in the time domain
Authors: Feng Shihang , Yilmaz Oz , Chen Yuqing , Schuster Gerard T.
Published: March 2019

The conventional common-midpoint stack is not equivalent to the zero-offset section due to the existence of velocity uncertainty. To obtain a zero-offset reflection section that preserves most reflections and diffractions, we have developed a velocity-independent workflow for reconstructing a high-quality zero-offset reflection section from prestack data with a deblurring filter. This workflow constructs a migration image volume by prestack time migration using a series of constant-velocity models. A deblurring filter for each constant-velocity model is applied to each time-migration image to get a deblurred image volume. To preserve all events in the image volume, each deblurred image panel is demigrated and then summed over the velocity axis. Compared with the workflow without a deblurring filter, the composite zero-offset reflection section has higher resolution and fewer migration artifacts. We evaluate applications of our method to synthetic and field data to validate its effectiveness.
Consistent experimental investigation of the applicability of Biot-Gassmann’s equation in carbonates
Authors: Bemer Elisabeth , Hamon Youri , Adelinet Mathilde
Published: March 2019

Carbonate formations are characterized by multiscale heterogeneities that control their acoustic response and flow properties. At the laboratory scale, carbonate rocks do not indicate a strong correlation between P- and S-wave velocities and porosity. The velocity disparities between carbonates of similar mineralogy and porosity result from different microstructures derived from their sedimentary facies and subsequent diagenetic transformations. The still-discussed applicability of Biot-Gassmann’s equation for fluid substitution in carbonate rocks remains another key issue. We have developed an integrated experimental workflow that allows a consistent checking of the applicability of Biot-Gassmann’s equation and provides key geologic and microstructural information to understand the petroacoustic signature of carbonate rocks. The defined approach is based on the phase-velocity measurements performed in liquid-saturated conditions using polar and nonpolar fluids. It allows the identification of the whole set of parameters required by Biot-Gassmann’s equation including the bulk modulus of the solid matrix. This approach is implemented on samples representative of two different carbonate formations deposited in lacustrine and marine environments, respectively. The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of Biot-Gassmann’s equation for the two studied carbonate families and indicate the link between their petroacoustic signature and diagenetic history.
Cased borehole acoustic-wave propagation with varying bonding conditions: Theoretical and experimental modeling
Authors: Jiang Can , Chen Xue-Lian , Su Yuan-Da , Tang Xiao-Ming
Published: March 2019

Acoustic measurements in cased boreholes are important for cement-bond evaluation behind the casing. In conjunction with a recently developed acoustic-wave theory using slip-boundary modeling, we carried out an experimental study for different cement-bond conditions. Four different cased-hole models were constructed, where the interface between the casing and the cement, and that between the cement and the formation, are decoupled or partially bonded to simulate the different cement bond conditions. An acoustic system is placed in the borehole to measure extensional casing waves along the borehole. By extracting the attenuation and velocity of casing waves from the experimental data, the bonding conditions were analyzed and compared with the theoretical modeling. The results indicate that, compared with the free-pipe situation, the casing waves are attenuated when there is some degree of bonding (good or poor) between the casing and the formation. However, when the poor bonding occurs at the cement-formation interface, the casing wave indicates significant velocity reduction and dispersion, the degree of the velocity change varying with the bonding condition. This wave phenomenon is predicted by the slip-boundary modeling. By adjusting the slip-boundary parameters in the modeling, the experimental results can be quantitatively modeled. These results are also confirmed by cased-hole acoustic logging data examples. The theoretical model can therefore be used to interpret cased-borehole acoustic-wave measurements.
Ewing Sarcoma in Nepal Treated With Combined Chemotherapy and Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Jha Anjani Kumar , Neupane Pradeep , Pradhan Manohar , Sharma Krishna Sagar , Shrestha Sadina , Sigdel Padma Raj , Smeland Sigbjørn , Bruland Øyvind S.
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

To our knowledge, we conducted the first prospective oncologic clinical trial in Nepal aimed at providing state-of-the-art chemotherapy to patients with Ewing sarcoma. The efficacy of external-beam radiotherapy (RT) as the sole local treatment modality was explored and deemed justified as a result of the lack of available advanced tumor-orthopedic services in Nepal.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Twenty patients, 11 female and 9 male patients between the ages of 6 and 37 years, with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma were enrolled. Neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy, comprising well-established drug combinations, was administered in five courses before external-beam RT, during which one course of etoposide and ifosfamide was given. After RT, six additional chemotherapy courses were scheduled.

RESULTS

RT was tolerated well, providing rapid symptom relief and local tumor control, with no pathologic fractures observed among the 15 patients who received such treatment. Eleven patients completed the entire treatment protocol; seven patients were under continued follow-up, with no evidence of disease in six patients at a median follow-up time of 2.3 years (range, 1.3 to 3.1 years) and one patient alive but with a regional recurrence. Four patients experienced metastatic relapse and died as a result of their disease. Three treatment-related deaths linked to toxicity from chemotherapy occurred. Four of the six patients who refused to complete the treatment protocol and were lost to follow-up experienced progressive disease and were assumed dead.

CONCLUSION

This study was feasible with RT as the sole local treatment modality in combination with chemotherapy. As a result of the high number of patients lost to follow-up, no firm conclusions can be drawn, but the majority of the patients who completed treatment obtained durable long-term remissions.
Blood Pressure and the Brain: How Low Can You Go?
Authors: Drummond John C.
Published: March 2019

There are occasionally intraoperative circumstances in which reduction of mean arterial pressure (MAP) to levels well below those that occur in nonanesthetized adults is necessary or unavoidable. In these situations, clinicians are inevitably concerned about the limits of the tolerance of the brain for hypotension. Reference to the phenomenon of cerebral blood flow autoregulation is frequently made in discussions of safe MAP limits. However, in several respects, prevalent conceptions about cerebral blood flow autoregulation may be incomplete or inaccurate. The principal theses offered by this review are: (1) that the average lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in normotensive adult humans is not less than a MAP of 70 mm Hg; (2) that there is considerable intersubject variability in both the lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and the efficiency of cerebral blood flow autoregulation; (3) that there is a substantial blood flow reserve that buffers the normal central nervous system against critical blood flow reduction in the face of hypotension; (4) that there are several common clinical phenomena that have the potential to compromise that buffer, and that should be taken into account in decision making about minimum acceptable MAPs; and (5) that the average threshold for the onset of central nervous system ischemic symptoms is probably a MAP of 40–50 mm Hg at the level of the circle of Willis in a normotensive adult in a vertical posture and 45–55 mm Hg in a supine subject. However, these MAPs should probably only be approached deliberately when the exigencies of the surgical situation absolutely require it.
Long-term Cognitive and Functional Impairments After Critical Illness
Authors: Rengel Kimberly F. , Hayhurst Christina J. , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Hughes Christopher G.
Published: March 2019

As critical illness survivorship increases, patients and health care providers are faced with management of long-term sequelae including cognitive and functional impairment. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated impairments persisting at least 1–5 years after hospitalization for critical illness. Cognitive domains impacted include memory, attention, and processing speed. Functional impairments include physical weakness, reduced endurance, and dependence on others for basic tasks of daily living such as bathing or feeding. In characterizing the trajectory of long-term recovery, multiple risk factors have been identified for subsequent impairment, including increased severity of illness and severe sepsis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and delirium. Preadmission status including frailty, high level of preexisting comorbidities, and baseline cognitive dysfunction are also associated with impairment after critical illness. Development of cognitive and functional impairment is likely multifactorial, and multiple mechanistic theories have been proposed. Neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, and structural alterations in the brain have all been observed in patients with long-term cognitive dysfunction. Systemic inflammation has also been associated with alterations in muscle integrity and function, which is associated with intensive care unit–acquired weakness and prolonged functional impairment. Efforts to ease the burden of long-term impairments include prevention strategies and rehabilitation interventions after discharge. Delirium is a well-established risk factor for long-term cognitive dysfunction, and using delirium-prevention strategies may be important for cognitive protection. Current evidence favors minimizing overall sedation exposure, careful selection of sedation agents including avoidance of benzodiazepines, and targeted sedation goals to avoid oversedation. Daily awakening and spontaneous breathing trials and early mobilization have shown benefit in both cognitive and functional outcomes. Multifactorial prevention bundles are useful tools in improving care provided to patients in the intensive care unit. Data regarding cognitive rehabilitation are limited, while studies on functional rehabilitation have conflicting results. Continued investigation and implementation of prevention strategies and rehabilitation interventions will hopefully improve the quality of life for the ever-increasing population of critical illness survivors.
Glymphatic System Function in Relation to Anesthesia and Sleep States
Authors: Benveniste Helene , Heerdt Paul M. , Fontes Manuel , Rothman Douglas L. , Volkow Nora D.
Published: March 2019

The brain is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body. The brain’s high energy demand associated with wakefulness persists during rapid eye movement sleep, and even during non–rapid eye movement sleep, cerebral oxygen consumption is only reduced by 20%. The active bioenergetic state parallels metabolic waste production at a higher rate than in other organs, and the lack of lymphatic vasculature in brain parenchyma is therefore a conundrum. A common assumption has been that with a tight blood–brain barrier restricting solute and fluid movements, a lymphatic system is superfluous in the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow has long been thought to facilitate central nervous system tissue “detoxification” in place of lymphatics. Nonetheless, while CSF production and transport have been studied for decades, the exact processes involved in toxic waste clearance remain poorly understood. Over the past 5 years, emerging data have begun to shed new light on these processes in the form of the “glymphatic system,” a novel brain-wide perivascular transit passageway dedicated to CSF transport and metabolic waste drainage from the brain. Here, we review the key anatomical components and operational drivers of the brain’s glymphatic system, with a focus on its unique functional dependence on the state of arousal and anesthetic regimens. We also discuss evidence for why clinical exploration of this novel system may in the future provide valuable insight into new strategies for preventing delirium and cognitive dysfunction in perioperative and critical care settings.
Human rhinovirus spatial-temporal epidemiology in rural coastal Kenya, 2015-2016, observed through outpatient surveillance
Authors: Morobe John Mwita , Nyiro Joyce U. , Brand Samuel , Kamau Everlyn , Gicheru Elijah , Eyase Fredrick , Otieno Grieven P. , Munywoki Patrick K. , Agoti C.N. , Nokes D.J.
Published: March 2019

Background: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant cause of upper respiratory tract infections, resulting in a significant public health burden. The virus circulates as many different types (168), each generating strong homologous, but weak heterotypic, immunity. The influence of these features on transmission patterns of HRV in the community is understudied.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at nine out-patient facilities across a Health and Demographic Surveillance System between December 2015 and November 2016. HRV was diagnosed by real-time RT-PCR, and the VP4/VP2 genomic region of the positive samples sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine the HRV types. Classification models and G-test statistic were used to investigate HRV type spatial distribution. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of ARI were also compared.

Results: Of 5,744 NPS samples collected, HRV was detected in 1057 (18.4%), of which 817 (77.3%) were successfully sequenced. HRV species A, B and C were identified in 360 (44.1%), 67 (8.2%) and 390 (47.7%) samples, respectively. In total, 87 types were determined: 39, 10 and 38 occurred within species A, B and C, respectively. HRV types presented heterogeneous temporal patterns of persistence. Spatially, identical types occurred over a wide distance at similar times, but there was statistically significant evidence for clustering of types between health facilities in close proximity or linked by major road networks.

Conclusion: This study records a high prevalence of HRV in out-patient presentations exhibiting high type diversity. Patterns of occurrence suggest frequent and independent community invasion of different types. Temporal differences of persistence between types may reflect variation in type-specific population immunity. Spatial patterns suggest either rapid spread or multiple invasions of the same type, but evidence of similar types amongst close health facilities, or along road systems, indicate type partitioning structured by local spread.
Geostatistical analysis of Malawi’s changing malaria transmission from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Chipeta Michael Give , Giorgi Emanuele , Mategula Donnie , Macharia Peter M. , Ligomba Chimwemwe , Munyenyembe Alinane , Chirombo James , Gumbo Austin , Terlouw Dianne J. , Snow Robert W. , Kayange Michael
Published: March 2019

Background: The prevalence of malaria infection in time and space provides important information on the likely sub-national epidemiology of malaria burdens and how this has changed following intervention. Model-based geostatitics (MBG) allow national malaria control programmes to leverage multiple data sources to provide predictions of malaria prevalance by district over time. These methods are used to explore the possible changes in malaria prevalance in Malawi from 2010 to 2017. 

Methods: Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence (PfPR) surveys undertaken in Malawi between 2000 and 2017 were assembled. A spatio-temporal geostatistical model was fitted to predict annual malaria risk for children aged 2–10 years (PfPR2–10) at 1×1 km spatial resolutions. Parameter estimation was carried out using the Monte Carlo maximum likelihood methods. Population-adjusted prevalence and populations at risk by district were calculated for 2010 and 2017 to inform malaria control program priority setting.

Results: 2,237 surveys at 1,834 communities undertaken between 2000 and 2017 were identified, geo-coded and used within the MBG framework to predict district malaria prevalence properties for 2010 and 2017. Nationally, there was a 47.2% reduction in the mean modelled PfPR2-10 from 29.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.6 to 32.3%) in 2010 to 15.2% (95% CI 13.3 to 18.0%) in 2017. Declining prevalence was not equal across the country, 25 of 27 districts showed a significant decline ranging from a 3.3% reduction to 79% reduction. By 2017, 16% of Malawi’s population still lived in areas that support PfPR2-10 ≥ 25%.

Conclusions: Malawi has made substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of malaria over the last seven years. However, Malawi remains in meso-endemic malaria transmission risk. To sustain the gains made and continue reducing the transmission further, universal control interventions need to be maintained at a national level.
Things We Do For No Reason™: Use of Antipsychotic Medications in Patients with Delirium
Authors: Pahwa Amit K , Qureshi Imran , Cumbler Ethan
Published: March 2019

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason™” (TWDFNR™) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR™ series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
An Advanced Practice Provider Clinical Fellowship as a Pipeline to Staffing a Hospitalist Program
Authors: Lackner Christina , Eid Shaker , Panek Tiffani , Kisuule Flora
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Approximately 83% of hospitalist groups around the country utilize advanced practice providers; however, the demand for hospitalists continues to exceed the supply, and this has led to increased utilization of advanced practice providers in hospital medicine. Advanced practice providers receive very limited inpatient training, and there is wide variation in their clinical abilities after graduation.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if an advanced practice provider fellowship is a cost‐effective pipeline for filling vacancies within a hospitalist program.

METHODS

In 2014, a one‐year advanced practice providers clinical fellowship in hospital medicine was established. Working one‐on‐one with an experienced hospitalist faculty member, the fellows evaluate and manage patients. The program consists of 80% clinical experience, in the inpatient setting, and 20% didactic instruction. Up to four fellows are accepted each year and are eligible for hire, after training, if there are vacancies.

RESULTS

The duration of onboarding and cost to the division were significantly reduced after implementation of the program (25.4 vs 11.0 weeks, P = .017 and $361,714 vs $66,000, P = .004).

CONCLUSION

The advanced practice provider fellowship has proven beneficial for the hospitalist division by (1) reducing costs associated with having unfilled vacancies, (2) improving capacity on the hospitalist service, and (3) providing a pipeline for filling nurse practitioners (NP) and physician assistant (PA) vacancies on the hospitalist service.
Malleable Lies: Communication and Cooperation in a High Stakes TV Game Show
Authors: Turmunkh Uyanga , van den Assem Martijn J. , van Dolder Dennie
Published: March 2019

We investigate the credibility of nonbinding preplay statements about cooperative behavior, using data from a high-stakes TV game show in which contestants play a variant on the classic Prisoner’s Dilemma. We depart from the conventional binary approach of classifying statements as promises or not, and propose a more fine-grained two-by-two typology inspired by the idea that lying aversion leads defectors to prefer statements that are malleable to ex-post interpretation as truths. Our empirical analysis shows that statements that carry an element of conditionality or implicitness are associated with a lower likelihood of cooperation, and confirms that malleability is a good criterion for judging the credibility of cheap talk.

This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.
The Synthesis of Quinidine Salicylate Ester Compound
Authors: Nurjaya Intan , Hanafi Muhammad , Lotulung Puspa D.N , Ernawati Teni , Mursiti Sri
Published: March 2019

Quinidine a compound isolated from quinine plants, one of the species of quinine plants is (Chincona ledgereriana) From PT SIL Lembang. The purpose of this study was obtain quinidine salicylate ester through esterification reaction. In this study, the synthesis of quinidine ester compound by esterification reaction was conducted. Esterification reaction was conducted by using DCC activator and DMAP catalyst with one carboxylic acid namely salicylate acid producing new compound namely quinidine salicylate, Subsequent Quinidine salicylate was obtained in the form of oil with 97% yield. The compound obtained from the synthesis was then identified using Thin Layer Chromatography continue analyzed using with Spectrophotometer, LC-ESI-MS spectroscopy. Results show that the target compound has been successfully synthesized.
ALTAI RUSSIA: ON THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL RESISTANCE TO THE DISCRIMINATION “ANTIRASKOL” POLICY OF THE IMPERIAL REGIME
Authors: Должиков Вячеслав Александрович
Published: March 2019

On the basis of modern methodological positions, the article highlights the unique historical experience of the formation of a large territorial community of “bricklayers” in the mountainous areas of the Russian Altai, the system-forming core of which was the peasants migrated from northern Russian regions who were Orthodox believers in their religion. The purpose of the study is to emphasize the importance of freedom as a basic ideological value, organically inherent in this ethno-confessional community and allowing them to successfully operate in adverse political conditions. Emphasizing the love of freedom of the founding fathers of Altai Russia, the author argues that it is this quality of human capital of the Russian Old Believers that allowed them not only to withstand the long-term opposition to the expansion of the serf regime, but it also allowed to develop their economies in a market-oriented, entrepreneurial manner. Special attention is paid to the economic success of this people’s colony, the principles of organization of local self-government, collectivist relationships, lifestyles, culture and morality of the peasant Old Believers of Altai Russia. In the final section of the article, the author dwells on the final results of this phenomenal experiment and formulates the conclusion that the resistance of the Altai pioneers to the discriminatory policy of the imperial regime was not fruitless. The will to freedom helped them to maintain their relative autonomy as an autonomous communal-volost territory, which subsequently existed in fact outside the jurisdiction of the mining and imperial department.
Strategies to increase production efficiency in Indonesian Sharia commercial banks using Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA)
Authors: Wardhani Pratystya Ika , Mongid Abdul
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research is to examine the right strategy in increasing production efficiency in Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. This research was conducted in two stages of testing. The first stage is estimating the level of production efficiency of Indonesian Islamic banks in 2010-2017 through the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach. The second stage uses Tobit regression to examine the relationship between the efficiency of production of sharia commercial banks with specific bank characteristics, including; LASSET, CAR, NPF, GCG, NOM and FDR. The results indicate that the level of production efficiency of sharia commercial banks is strongly influenced by several things. From the input side, optimization of DPK, PSC and LC components is needed to maximize production efficiency. This study also found that CAR (solvency performance), NPF (asset quality performance), NOM (profitability performance), and FDR (liquidity performance) greatly influenced variations in the efficiency of Indonesian Islamic banks. Improving the quality of financing supported by an increase in the operational system and the quality of human resources and began to concentrate on revenue sourced from services to be a solution that could be implied by Indonesian Islamic banks.
Perspectives nationale et internationale dans l’étude du PCF et du PCI
Authors: Sollai Luca
Published: March 2019

Les concepts de « national » et « international » sont primordiaux dans l’étude du Parti communiste français et du Parti communiste italien. Les deux plus grands partis communistes de l’Europe de l’Ouest ont toujours dû essayer de concilier leurs exigences nationales avec les enjeux géopolitiques internationaux et soviétiques. La synthèse n’a pas été toujours évidente, et cette difficulté émerge dans le débat historiographique sur les deux partis. Une approche conflictuelle a été privilégiée par les historiens des deux partis, et ces deux concepts n’ont pas été analysés comme deux aspects d’une problématique globale, mais plutôt par opposition l’un à l’autre. Après avoir examiné les positions de certains historiens, nous proposons une analyse de la problématique plus neutre et organique, en présentant comme cas d’étude l’utilisation des symboles nationaux par les deux partis. On a choisi une approche comparative car la situation géopolitique et historique des deux partis présentait des similitudes et des cas d’analyse similaires, et car dans les deux cas on a vu, a des différents niveaux d’intensité, l’affirmation de deux écoles de pensée opposées et conflictuelles.
Un impérialisme canadien ? Inco et la politique du nickel au Guatemala (1956-1981)
Authors: Mailly Sophie
Published: March 2019

L’extraction minière a joué un rôle primordial dans le processus de construction nationale du Canada. Une fois l’unification du pays, d’un océan à l’autre, complétée et après avoir dépossédé les peuples autochtones de leurs ressources naturelles et territoires ancestraux, l’industrie minière canadienne s’est exportée chez ses voisins latino-américains. À travers l’étude de cas de l’entreprise Inco au Guatemala et de sa filiale Exmibal, nous démontrons en quoi l’industrie minière canadienne constitue une forme d’impérialisme et ses opérations à l’étranger reproduisent les dynamiques impériales internes. En examinant les activités commerciales d’Inco de 1956 à 1981 au Guatemala, la participation du gouvernement canadien ainsi que l’opposition locale et celle des missionnaires catholiques canadiens au projet de la compagnie, nous pouvons ainsi saisir la façon dont se déploie l’empire canadien interne et externe. Cet article est un pas pour mettre en lumière les éléments de réciprocité et de continuité historiques du Canada et du Guatemala en replaçant la saga Exmibal dans l’histoire plus longue de ces pays.
Les mécaniciens de rue entre précarité et autoréalisation
Authors: Giordano Denis
Published: March 2019

Dans cette contribution, j’explore les tensions entre la précarité comme source d’assujettissement aux incertitudes de la situation sociale et économique contemporaine et la précarité comme terrain où l’on rencontre des modalités spécifiques de subjectivation. Mon intérêt s’est focalisé sur la figure du mécanicien de rue qui réalise des activités de réparation sans avoir de licence. Tout en se confrontant avec une situation de forte précarité et de nombreuses difficultés, ces mécaniciens peuvent se construire une réputation comme professionnels de la réparation. Ce processus contribue à la construction de leur identité et influence leur rôle d’acteur dans les quartiers où ils vivent et travaillent. Toutefois leur pratique, ainsi que les solutions créatives adoptées tout au long du travail, ne leur permettent pas de s’émanciper de la situation d’incertitude où ils agissent et à laquelle sont assujettis.
La dimension ethnique dans le travail des chauffeurs de taxi parisiens
Authors: Lejeune Guillaume
Published: March 2019

Cet article présente les éléments d’une ethnographie du travail des chauffeurs de taxis parisiens menée pendant les moments d’attente au sein d’un espace rassemblant plusieurs groupes. Ce faisant, nous proposons une lecture des rapports « ethniques » qu’ils entretiennent à travers leur sociabilité quotidienne et les engagements professionnels qui peuvent s’insinuer dans ces relations. Nous prenons ensuite l’exemple de deux trajectoires de chauffeurs afin d’illustrer à partir de cas concrets l’imbrication de différentes dimensions du travail en suivant le fil de leurs trajectoires professionnelles et sociales.
Obstacles of Accessibility for the Disabled People in the Campus 1 UPGRIS
Authors: Wibawa Baju Arie , Widiastuti Kurnia
Published: March 2019

As a public building, the Campus 1 of UPGRIS requires to comply with the accessibility for all (including the diffabled people). Yet, the current condition causes the diffable people unable to access the facilities of the building, which means they are not capable of doing their activities on their own. How should we determine the condition? and how should be advise to retrofit?. The purpose of this reasearch is to identify and analyse the need of diffabled people facilities in campus 1 UPGRIS which have multiple factor. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the process of analyzing the problem through comparative analysis according to the regulation, hereinafter a scoring analysis will be held quantitatively to determine the priority of the problem. Commonly the dimension of the doors which width less than 80 cm, so the wheelchair can't go through the room. The conclusion for all building, is not prepared well for the diffable people acting independently.
TINJAUAN PERILAKU PENGUNJUNG TERHADAP POLA SIRKULASI MASJID AGUNG JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nabilah Ainun , Pribadi Septana Bagus , Alfia riza Masyiana Arifah
Published: March 2019

The development of Islam in Indonesia is very rapidly growing, as the largest religion in Indonesia, the need for spiritual good in terms of worship and social is needed in variousregions in Indonesia. Semarang as the capital of Central Java Province became the city which must be the center of development of all aspects of human needs, including religious facilities for the city of Semarang and surrounding areas. One of the areas that became religious facilities, especially Islam in Semarang is the Great Mosque of Central Java. In addition to being the biggest iconic mosque in Semarang and used as a tourist spot, the area provides various facilities to create a circulation to connect these facilities. Circulation becomes an important part of an area because the circulation is always in the access by the perpetrators of the area, the perpetrators in question one of them is the visitor. Ease and comfort of the circulation become things to note so that visitors will feel at home to come to the area.  Circulation in the Great Mosque of Central Java is a concern to be discussed in this paper, because in addition to the needs of the surrounding community will be provided facilities that are always in access by the community, the Great Mosque of Central Java is also used as one of the tourist attractions in Central Java by tourists both local and local outdoors. Signage is also discussed because ease and comfort in the circulation is also determined by good signage.
Parallelizations on products of spheres and octonionic geometry
Authors: Parton Maurizio , Piccinni Paolo
Published: March 2019

A classical theoremof Kervaire states that products of spheres are parallelizable if and only if at least one of the factors has odd dimension. Two explicit parallelizations onSm×S2h−1seem to be quite natural, and have been previously studied by the first named author in [32]. The present paper is devoted to the three choicesG= G2, Spin(7), Spin(9) ofG-structures onSm×S2h−1, respectively withm+ 2h− 1 = 7, 8, 16 and related with octonionic geometry.
Type errors for the IDE with Xtext and Xsemantics
Authors: Bettini Lorenzo
Published: March 2019

Providing IDE support for a programming language or a DSL (Domain Specific Language) helps the users of the language to be more productive and to have an immediate feedback on possible errors in a program. Static types can drive IDE mechanisms such as the content assist to propose sensible completions in a given program context. Types can also be used to enrich other typical IDE parts such as the Outline and theHovering pop-ups. In this paper, we focus on statically typed imperative languages, adopting some form of type inference. We present a few general patterns for implementing efficient type systems, focusing on type error recovery. This way, the type system is able to type as many parts of the program as possible, keeping a good IDE experience. Type error messages will be placed on the important parts of the program, avoiding cascading errors that can confuse the user. We show two case studies:we apply the presented patterns to implement the type system of two statically typed DSLs, a simple expression language and a reduced Java-like language, with OOP features. We use Xtext as the language workbench for implementing the compiler and the IDE support andXsemantics, a DSL for implementing type systems using a syntax that mimics formal systems. The patterns shown in the paper can be reused also for implementing languages with other language frameworks.
Debt and Relief
Authors: Comparato Guido
Published: March 2019

The awareness that consumer over-indebtedness is a problem which needs to be tackled through specific measures most clearly emerged at the end of a period in which increased availability of retail financial services was presented as a means to promote consumers’ welfare. While, on the one hand, over-indebtedness is regarded as a problem to be counteracted, European law and policy, on the other hand, promote indebtedness, leading to a fragile equilibrium between opposing purposes which permeate the regulatory framework. How can the two objectives be reconciled, allowing for well-ordered development of a credit-based economy in which debtors in financial trouble are not left behind? This paper suggests the necessity of taking a holistic approach to over-indebtedness, starting from the assumption that, rather than being the manifestation of individual inability to properly deal with finance, the phenomenon is inherent to a credit economy and that modern law must therefore tackle it systematically through a combination of measures: private and public, contractual and non-contractual, preventive and curative, national and supranational. While articulating a critique of some of the rationales underlying ‘debt law’, the paper highlights the necessary interrelation between the possible legal strategies against household over-indebtedness and the need to coordinate them in order to reach an adequate level of protection.
Induced Mutagenesis for the Creation of New Starting Material in Sunflower Breeding
Authors: Vasko V. O. , Kyrychenko V. V.
Published: March 2019

The article colligates data of studies on the variability of quantitative and qualitative traits in mutant sunflower M1-M3 generations affected by dimethyl sulfate (DMS) (0.01, 0.05 %) and gamma rays (120; 150 Gy), frequencies and range of mutations in M2 and their inheritance in mutant families, chromosome aberrations in meiosis, as well as on the breeding and genetic value of induced mutants and possibilities of their use in breeding. The methodical peculiarities of the mutational breeding of the cross-pollinating crop were defined, and new mutants with changed features were created.

Investigating new homozygous self-pollinated sunflower lines, we observed a more negative mutagenic impact of gamma irradiation (120 and 150 Gy) on the germinability of M1 sunflower seeds in the field compared with the DMS effect (0.01 and 0.05 %). The field germinability of DMS-treated seeds was 83–87 % vs. 11–15 % of gamma-irradiated ones.

The mutagenic effect of gamma rays (120 and 150 Gy) on M1 meiosis was shown to be stronger than that of DMS (0.01 and 0.05 %). The percentage of cells with alterations varied within 15.79–18.78 % (120 Gy) and 20.38–25.26 % (150 Gy) compared to 0–0.16 % in the control.

The effect of gamma rays on the frequency of morphoses in M1 was stronger, in particular, after exposure to 120 Gy or 150 Gy of gamma irradiation, the number of plants with alterations was 43 %, whereas after DMS treatment (0.01 and 0.05 %) this parameter averaged 27–28 %.

We determined the inheritance of mutations of quantitative and qualitative traits, which are important for breeding, in mutant M2 families and selected mutant families with inherited altered traits that can be considered as mutations. Among the best mutations, there are morphological mutants with marker traits, mutants with increased content of oil in seeds, increased 1000-seed weight, increased contents of behenic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids as well as with absolute resistance to downy mildew.
Characterizing the differential physiological effects of adipocytokines visfatin and resistin in liver cancer cells
Authors: Miethe Candace , Zamora Megan , Torres Linda , Raign Kelsie G. , Groll Curissa J. , Price Ramona S.
Published: March 2019

Background

Obesity, a major public health concern, increases the risk of developing liver cancer which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity is associated with increased adiposity and macrophage infiltration both of which promote secretion of adipokines and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, visfatin and resistin have been detected at higher levels in the serum of obese individuals and liver tumors. However, the contribution of these adipocytokines in the progression of liver cancer remains unclear.

Materials and methods

The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of visfatin and resistin on HepG2, SNU-449 and HuH7 liver cancer cells. Cells exposed to visfatin and resistin were analyzed for fatty acid synthase protein, and phosphorylation of Akt and ERK tumorigenic signaling pathways, cell viability, lipogenesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) enzyme activity and invasion.

Results

HepG2, SNU-449, and HuH7 liver cancer cells treated with visfatin and resistin increased cell viability, invasion, FASN protein, and Akt and ERK phosphorylation. Visfatin and resistin selectively increased ROS production in HepG2 and SNU-449 cells while there was no statistical difference in HuH7 cells. Visfatin and resistin stimulated lipogenesis in HepG2 cells while visfatin increased lipogenesis in SNU-449 cells, and visfatin nor resistin had an effect on lipogenesis in HuH7 cells. Lastly, visfatin and resistin increased MMP-9 enzyme activity in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells but only visfatin increased MMP-9 activity in SNU-449 cells.

Conclusions

Future studies are needed to determine if inhibition of ERK and Akt suppresses the visfatin and resistin-induced invasive liver cancer phenotype.
A Rigorous Scattering Approach to Quasifree Fermionic Systems out of Equilibrium
Authors: Aschbacher Walter H.
Published: March 2019

Within the rigorous axiomatic framework for the description of quantum mechanical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, we construct the so-called nonequilibrium steady state for the quasifree fermionic system corresponding to the isotropic XY chain in which a finite sample, subject to a local gauge breaking anisotropy perturbation, is coupled to two thermal reservoirs at different temperatures. Using time dependent and stationary scattering theory, we rigorously prove, from first principles, that the nonequilibrium system under consideration is thermodynamically nontrivial, i. e., that its entropy production rate is strictly positive.
Movement and use of environmental structures, climbing supports and shelters by Akodon montensis (Sigmodontinae, Rodentia) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil
Authors: Machado Arielli F. , Marks Cristiane F. , Peres Brisa , Melo Geruza L. , Cáceres Nilton C.
Published: March 2019

Movements under environmental structures and on supports, and the use of shelters by Akodon montensis were assessed using the spool-and-line technique. Movements of a few individuals of Thaptomys nigrita, Brucepattersonius iheringi and Oligoryzomys nigripes were also assessed and briefly described. Akodon montensis often used fallen logs, lianas and ferns as climbing supports for movements. The species moved under different environmental structures with differing frequencies, with greater use of dense litter followed by lianas and fallen branches. The studied sigmodontine species used shelters of different compositions and structures, and differed in displacement behavior. This study is the first to contribute to understanding the movement and use of environmental structures, shelters and climbing supports by A. montensis.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Magnetic Studies on Copper Tartrate Crystals
Authors: Ariponnammal S. , Velvizhi R.
Published: March 2019

Copper tartrate crystals were grown by the gel growth method and characterised by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, photoluminescence (PL), electron paramagnetic resonance, and low-temperature magnetic studies in the temperature range 300–20 K. The XRD study confirmed the orthorhombic structure of the crystal and the XPS study established the Cu2+ ions in the crystal. UV-vis study deduced the energy gap as 2.15 eV, confirming the semiconducting nature, and Urbach energy as 0.4686 eV. PL showed the presence of Cu2+ vacancy-related defects. Low-temperature magnetic study confirmed the paramagnetic nature in the temperature range 300–77 K, and the crystal showed a weak ferromagnetic signal at 20 K, which is interesting. The magnetic field along with the low temperature caused an ordered spin orientation.