bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF MANGANESE IN HUMAN MILK
Authors: VUORI E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been applied to the analysis of manganese in human milk samples. Twenty‐seven breast‐feeding mothers donated 229 individual milk samples between the 2nd week and the 9th month of lactation. The milk samples were representative of every feed in a period of 24 hours, foremilk and hind‐milk in equal proportions. The median concentration of manganese declined from the initial value of 5.9 μg/l to about 4 μg/l before the 2nd month of lactation, remained at this level up to the 5th‐6th month of lactation and showed a tendency to rise thereafter. The values presented here are noticeably lower than most of those reported earlier. It remains an open question whether the manganese concentration is exceptionally low in Finnish human milk or whether the great difference from most earlier studies may reflect problems of contamination or technical difficulties when less sensitive analytical methods have been used.
ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES IN LYMPHOSARCOMA AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: TZORTZATOU F. , DACOU‐VOUTETAKIS C. , HAIDAS S. , PAPADELLIS F. , THOMAIDIS TH.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. A 12‐year‐old female with lymphosarcoma responding to treatment including vincristine and cyclophosphamide developed clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Some additional findings were observed, i.e. uremia, hypopotassemia and alkalosis, that have not so far been recorded in that syndrome. All abnormalities were corrected upon water restriction. A similar episode occurred after a 2nd drug course. It too was corrected upon water restriction. The patient was clinically free from her malignancy in both episodes. It is suggested that our child had probably an expanded form of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
CASE REPORT OF A SWEDISH SCHOOL HEALTH CLINIC
Authors: KÖHLER L. , ANDERSSON I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Köhler, L. and Andersson, I. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Case report of a Swedish school health clinic. The work in the school health services, which, according to regulations, should be only preventive, has developed into a mixture of preventive and curative care with strong features of social paediatrics and treatment of minor complaints. Together, the nurse and the physician make an important contribution to pupil welfare in school, providing a sense of security for children, teachers and parents. On the other hand, it is evident that the resources are not used optimally. Too much time and effort are spent on routine class examinations, which yield very little benefit, while other important tasks are neglected, e.g. co‐ordination of treatment and education of chronically ill or handicapped children and health education of children and teachers. This study reports the health problems that a physician and a nurse encounter during one year in their daily work at a medium sized school in a medium sized city in Sweden.
ACCIDENTAL POISONING IN PRE‐SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE STOCKHOLM AREA: Medical, Psychosocial and Preventive Aspects
Authors: ERIKSSON M. , LARSSON G. , WINBLADH B. , ZETTERSTRÖM R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Eriksson, M., Larsson, G., Winbladh, B. and Zetterström, R. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institute, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Accidental poisoning in pre‐school children in the Stockholm area. Medical, psychosocial and preventive aspects. Accidental poisoning in pre‐school children requiring hospital admission has increased sixfold from 1955 to 1975 in the Stockholm area. The mortality from this accident has decreased from 0.5 to less than 0.1 per 100 000 pre‐school children in the whole of Sweden during the same period. Medical and psychosocial background factors were investigated in 104 consecutive in‐patients (0–6 years old) with accidental poisoning and compared to an out‐patient group, a group of patients who only had called the poison control centre, and a matched control group from Child Health Centres. There were no difference between the groups regarding health and history of earlier accidents except that 20–25% of the families of the poisoned children and 7 % of the control families had called the Poison Control Centre before. Change of residence during the last 6 months was much commoner among families of poisoned children than of nonpoisoned. Other social stress factors were more common among in‐patients than outpatients. The measures taken by the parents to combat the poisoning were adequate in most cases. The decrease in mortality inspite of the increase in potentially dangerous accidental poisonings may be attributed to a good knowledge among parents about adequate measures and where to seek advice resulting in early treatment, and to intensive care and antidote therapy.
CHILD ABUSE IN MALMÖ: A Comparison between the Periods 1967–1974 and 1975–1978
Authors: BERGSTRAND C. G. , FORSLUND MARIANNE , STIBNER INGA‐BRITT
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Bergstrand, C. G. Forslund, M. and Stibner, I.‐B. (Department of Paediatrics, Malmö Allmänna Sjukhus, Malmö, Sweden). Child abuse in Malmö. A comparison between the periods 1967–1974 and 1975–1978. In 1976 a survey was made of all children with a diagnosis of suspected or verified child abuse registered at the Department of Paediatrics in Malmö from 1967 through 1974. Some of the results have been compared with more recent data collected during the years 1975 through 1978. Registered incidents of child abuse were found to have increased markedly during the later period, to a great extent due to the increased number of older children being registered in 1975–1978. A steep increase in cases was observed in 1976 coinciding with intensified efforts to inform and educate personnel responsible for the care or welfare of children. The larger number of incidents registered during the later period is thus considered to most likely have been caused by greater vigilance on the part of personnel responsible for children and not due to an increase in the real incidence of child abuse. A comparison between the two periods regarding the type of injuries recorded shows a five‐fold increase in the yearly rate of less severe lesions, as contrasted with a two‐fold increase in more severe lesions. During both periods, slight injuries represented a majority of all cases.
COLLABORATION IN PRACTICE: Experiences from a Multidisciplinary Research Project on Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: GUSTAFSSON L. H. , LAGERBERG D. , LARSSON B. , SUNDELIN C.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gustafsson, L. H., Lagerberg, D., Larsson, B. and Sundelin, C. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Collaboration in practice. Experiences from a multidisciplinary research project on child abuse and neglect. This paper describes experiences from a three‐year research project concerning questions of child abuse and neglect. The emphasis is placed on an attempt to define the real difficulties that have arisen during the course of this work, e.g. group pressure, breaks in continuity, goal heterogeneity, role conflicts and differences in frames of reference. Collaboration problems must be taken seriously and deserve systematic investigation. Multidisciplinary collaboration in different connections within medical, health and social care is of particular importance at this time when the care resources are limited. At the same time it is of decisive importance that the members of the team clarify their attitudes towards certain fundamental questions.
COMBINED TEST OF HYPOTHALAMIC‐PITUITARY FUNCTION IN GROWTH‐RETARDED CHILDREN TREATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE: II. Secretion of LH, FSH, TSH, Prolactin and ACTH
Authors: ESKILDSEN P. C. , JACOBSEN B. BROCK , KASTRUP K. W. , KRABBE S. , LEBECH P. E. , PETERSEN K. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. P. C. Eskildsen, B. B. Jacobsen, K. W. Kastrup, S. Krabbe, P. E. Lebech and K. E. Petersen (The Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Herlev Hospital and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Combined test of hypothalamic‐pituitary function in growth‐retarded children treated with growth hormone. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 14, 1979.—A total number of 23 patients treated with human growth hormone were retested by use of a combined pituitary stimulation test. Plasma concentrations of GH, FSH, LH, TSH, T4, T3, prolactin (PRL), ACTH and cortisol were measured before and after stimulation with hypoglycemia, TRH and LHRH. The test was performed in patients with persistent GH deficiency (group A) and patients with transitory GH deficiency (group B). In group A a normal pubertal development was found in three patients, whereas in prepubertal subjects the FSH/LH responses were smaller than those of prepubertal patients in group B. Also plasma ACTH increase was less pronounced in group A patients than in group B. In contrast, the plasma TSH and PRL responses were more sustained in group A than in group B. The secretory pattern of TSH and PRL was comparable in the two groups of patients. Thus, in patients with persistent GH deficiency additional multiple disturbances of the hypothalamic‐pituitary function often appeared whereas in most patients with transitory GH deficiency the combined pituitary test was normal at the reinvestigation.
BREAST MILK THYROXINE AND NOT COW'S MILK MAY MITIGATE AND DELAY THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: SACK J. , FRUCHT H. , AMADO O. , BRISK M. , LUNENFELD B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sack, J., Frucht, H., Amado, O., Brish, M. and Lunenfeld, B. (Institute of Endocrinology, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel). Breast milk thyroxine and not cow's milk may mitigate and delay the clinical picture of neonatal hypothyroidism. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 54, 1979.‐Thyroxine concentration was measured in human milk and Cow's milk products by a specific radioimmunoassay. The mean (± S.E.M.) milk T4 concentration during the first 5 days postpartum was 0.7±0.3 µg/dl (n=11). The mean T4 concentration between 6–49 days postpartum rose to 3.1±0.2 µg/dl (n=108), falling after 50 days to a mean of 1.4±0.2 µg/dl (n=39). The mean (± S.E.M.) T3 concentration in breast milk in the first 50 days postpartum was 386±17 ng/dl (n=56). T4 concentration in cow's milk products was less than 0.3 µg/dl. Thyroxine concentration in 24 hours breast milk collection ranged from 0.7 to 7.7 µg/dl and the total T4 in this milk ranged from 0.7 to 28 µg/day. These data suggest that milk of human but not bovine origin may provide a significant exogenous source of T4 to the premature infant. This amount of exogenous T4 which is insufficient in preventing the proceeding of neonatal hypothyroidism, may delay the clinical recognition of this disorder. This once again emphasizes the importance of early screening for neonatal hypothyroidism.
GROWTH IN TURNER'S SYNDROME: SPONTANEOUS AND FLUOXYMESTERONE STIMULATED
Authors: LENKO HANNA LIISA , PERHEENTUPA JAAKKO , SÖDERHOLM ANNLIS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lenko, H. L., Perheentupa, J. and Söderholm, A. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland). Growth in Turner's syndrome: spontaneous and fluoxymesterone‐stimulated. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 57, 1979.‐Spontaneous growth was analysed in a group of 55 girls with Turner's syndrome and various karyotypes. Their variation in height and its dependence on parental height were similar to that of normal girls. At all ages, the 45, X karyotype was associated with slightly greater mean stature than the other karyotypes together. The bone ages lagged progressively behind from 10 years onwards. Twenty‐five patients aged between 9.1 and 17.2 years were given fluoxymesterone, 0.06–0.17 mg/kg daily, for at least 1 year. Their height velocities increased significantly. This brought about a clear psychological benefit. Their final heights were predicted before and after therapy, with a new method based on the spontaneous growth and bone maturation of our patients. The response was individually variable but, on average, the patients gained in predicted height from the therapy. This effect was not lost during a posttreatment year. Abnormal lowering of the voice occurred in patients receiving ≥=0.15 mg/kg fluoxymesterone daily, but never with ≤0.13 mg/kg. No other adverse effects appeared. Thus, fluoxymesterone is useful for promoting growth in girls with Turner's syndrome.
DIABETES INSIPIDUS IN CHILDREN. Arginine‐Vasopressin determination in plasma during short dehydration test
Authors: CZERNICHOW P. , POMARÈDE R. , BASMACIOGULLARI A. , RAPPAPORT R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Czernichow, P., Pomarède, R., Basmaciogullari, A. and Rappaport, R. (Department of Pediatrics and INSERM U 30, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, France). Arginine‐Vasopressin determination in plasma during short dehydration test in children with Diabetes insipidus in children. I. Arginine‐Vasopressin determination in plasma during short dehydration test. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 64, 1979.—Plasma vasopressin as well as plasma and urinary osmolality are measured during an overnight dehydration test in vasopressin is undetectable. It is present in plasma from patients with partial diabetes insipidus but the level is not appropriate for plasma osmolality. In patients with polyuria of renal origin plasma vasopressin was significantly higher than in patients with neurogenic diabetes insipidus. Plasma vasopressin measurement is of diagnostic values in partial neurogenic diabetes insipidus and may be of considerable help to distinguish this group of patients from children with polyuria of renal origin.
LINEAR GROWTH IN HYPOPITUITARY PATIENTS TREATED WITH hGH AFTER AGE FIFTEEN
Authors: PERTZELAN A. , ADLER‐BIER M. , KAULI R. , JOSEFSBERG Z. , GRUNEBAUM M. , HORODNICEANU Ch. , LARON Z.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pertzelan, A., Adler‐Bier, M., Kauli, R., Josefsberg, Z., Grunebaum, M., Horodniceanu, Ch. and Laron, Z. (Institute of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology and Pediatric Radiology Unit, Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tikva, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel). Linear growth in hypopituitary patients treated with hGH after age 15. Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 69, 1979. Two groups of hHG deficient adolescents (isolated growth hormone deficinecy: 11 patients and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency: 20 patients) receiving hGH therapy were analyzed for their linear growth response. It was found that even at a chronological age of 15 years or more, growth can be markedly enhanced, depending upon the bone age and pubertal stage in the IGHD patients and upon optimal balance between hGH and sex hormones in the MPHD patients.
ACUTE RESPONSE OF PARATHYROID HORMONE IN CONGENITAL OSTEOPETROSIS
Authors: AARSKOG DAGFINN , ASKNES LAGE , HANEBERG BJØRN , JULSHAMN KÅRE
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Aarskog, D., Aksnes, L., Haneberg, B. and Julshamn, K. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen and Government Vitamine Institute, Directorate of Fisheries, Bergen Norway). Acute response of parathyroid hormone in congenital osteopetrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 277: 75, 1979.‐Indices of calcium and phosphorus metabolism were studied in 3 children with osteopetrosis before and after infusion of bovine parathyroid hormone extract. Basal plasma concentrations of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D tended to be low. Plasma immunoreactive PTH levels were at the upper normal range in two patients. A marked increase in urinary cyclic AMP in all patients was solely due to an increase in the nephrogenous cAMP. After vitamin D treatment urinary cAMP was essentially unchanged with the same preponderance of nephrogenous cAMP. Following PTH infusion plasma cAMP showed a brisk rise. There was also a prompt rise in urinary cAMP and a distinct decrease in the calcium to sodium clearance ratio indicating increased calcium reabsorption. Phosphaturic effect was only observed when PTH was given in the highest dose level. The findings are consistent with a state of low grade hyper‐parathyroidism which could not be related to the plasma levels of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D or calcium.
GUT TRANSIT TIME AND LACTOSE MALABSORPTION DURING PHOTOTHERAPY
Authors: EBBESEN F. , EDELSTEN D. , HERTEL J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ebbesen, F., Edelsten, D. and Hertel, J. (Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet and Department of Dairy Chemistry and Dairy Bacteriology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark). Gut transit time and lactose malbsorption during phototherapy II. A study using raw milk from the mothers of the infants. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:69, 1980.—Thirty newborn infants with normal birth weight suffering from uncomplicated hyperbilirubinemia were studied. 15 infants received ordinary photo‐therapy and 15 intensive phototherapy (blue double light). All infants received their mothers' milk or fresh milk from mothers of other newborn infants of the same age. All infants had normal lactose tolerance test during the phototherapy, except one infant receiving ordinary phototherapy. The flat lactose tolerance test of this infant was false positive since the gut transit time was relatively long. The gut transit time was significantly shorter in the infants treated with intensive phototherapy than in those treated with ordinary phototherapy without there being any significant difference in the increase in blood glucose by lactose tolerance tests. It is concluded that lactose malabsorption is not the usual cause of the reduced gut transit time during phototherapy even if the infants receive their mothers' milk
ACTIVITY OF THE INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER DURING THE FIRST DAYS OF LIFE
Authors: FRENCKNER B. , MOLANDER M.‐L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Frenckner, B. & Molander, M.‐L. (The Department of Paediatric Surgery, St. Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Activity of the internal anal spincter during the first days of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 73, 1980.—Manometric recordings of the internal anal sphincter activity are frequently used in the diagnosis of Hirschprung's disease. Normally, there is a relaxation of the internal sphincter in response to a rectal distension, but this is absent in Hirschprung's disease. In order to study the normal physiology during the first days of life, 17 healthy full‐term infants were examined daily with ano‐rectal manometry during the first four days of life. Resting anal pressure was lower than in older children. Internal spincter relaxation was recorded in all infants but one on the first day, in all on the second and finally in all but one on the third and fourth days. The results indicate that anorectal manometry may be used in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease also in the newborn period. However, repeated examinations may be necessary and the diagnostic reliability may be somewhat lower than in older children
RECENT TRENDS IN BREAST‐FEEDING IN SOUTHERN FINLAND
Authors: VERKASALO MATTI
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Verkasalo, M. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland). Recent trends in breast‐feeding in southern Finland. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:89, 1980.—A retrospective study on breast‐feeding (BF) during 1962–77 has been carried out for the province of Uusimaa. The study was based on 35815 child health records kept by community health centres. Information was entered in 76% of the records, the percentage improving from 52 to 94 during the study period. The average duration of BF was observed to decline steadily from 2.3 months in 1962 to 1.7 in 1971, increasing thereafter to 3.6 months by the end of the study. A similar pattern of slow decline turning to a sharp rise by 1971 can be seen in the percentage of mothers beginning BF, and various time categories of nursing. The observed increase in BF is attributed to changing general attitudes, which are influenced by international trends and campaining by health authorities. Social benefits also play a role, as the increase in BF coincides with extensions of maternity leave from 2 to 7 months in the seventies. The results indicate a favourable response to efforts to promote BF and suggest that these efforts should be continued and intensified
TOLAZOLINE AND DOPAMINE THERAPY IN NEONATAL HYPOXIA AND PULMONARY VASOSPASM
Authors: HEGYI THOMAS , HIATT I. MARK
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hegyi, T. and Hiatt, I. M. (Division of Perinatology, Monmouth Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, USA). Tolazoline and dopamine therapy in neonatal hypoxia and pulmonary vasospasm. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 101, 1980.—Severe hypoxia unresponsive to maximum ventilatory support occurs both in idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and meconium aspiration. We recently encountered a 980 g female infant with respiratory distress syndrome and 3300 g female infant with meconium aspiration and persistant fetal circulation whose clinical course necessitated the use of tolazoline and dopamine to reduce pulmonary and to stabilize systemic pressures. The infant with respiratory distress syndrome responded with a PaO2 increase of 2.7 kPa while the infant with persistant fetal circulation and meconium aspiration showed a 51.6 kPa rise. Combined pharmacologic therapy may have a role in improving oxygenation status in severely hypoxemic infants receiving maximum support
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
Authors: SØRLAND S. J. , ROSTAD H. , FORFANG K. , ÅBYHOLM G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Sørland, S. J., Rostad, H., Forfang, K. and Åbyholm, G. (Departments of Paediatrics, Surgery and Medicine, Rikshospitalet, The National Hospital, Oslo 1, Norway). Coarctation of the aorta. A follow‐up study after surgical treatment in infancy and childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 113, 1980.—Between 1951 and 1973, 138 patients aged 0 to 12 years were operated on for coarctation of the aorta. Ten of 18 infants died early. There were 3 late deaths, 2 occurred suddenly and 1 after reoperation. Three of the 125 late survivors had severe, 19 had slight symptoms, while 103 had no complaints, 3 of whom refused examination. The remaining 122 cases were examined between 2 and 24 years (mean 10.9 years) after the operation. Two patients had sequelae from an operative spinal cord injury and 2 had late hemipareses (traumatic in one). Recoarctation, defined as arm/leg pressure gradient exceeding mmHg, totally occurred in 18.7%, and in 4 of 7 cases operated on in infancy. Hypertension without recoarctation was observed in 17.2% and associated cardiovascular anomalies in 18% of the late survivors. It is suggested that the optimal age for surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta is between 4 and 6 years of age. A long‐term follow‐up is recommended in all patients
DEFICIENT CELL IMMUNITY AND MILD INTERMITTENT HYPERAMINOACIDEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH THE RUBINSTEIN‐TAYBI SYNDROME
Authors: RIVAS F. , FRAGOSO R. , RAMOS‐ZEPEDA R. , VACA G. , HERNANDEZ A. , GONZALEZ‐QUIROGA G. , OLIVARES NORMA , CANTU J. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Rivas, F., Fragoso, R., Ramos‐Zepeda, R., Vaca, G., Hernandez, A., González‐Quiroga, G., Olivares, Norma and Cantu, J. M. (Divisions of Genetics and Hematology, and Experimental Pathology, Subjefatura de Investigacion Cientifica, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Centro Médico de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México). Deficient cell immunity and mild intermittent hyperaminoacidemia in a patient with the Rubinstein‐Taybi syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 123, 1980.—A boy aged 2 years 8 months presenting the Rubinstein‐Taybi Syndrome (RTS) and a history of recurrent gastrointestinal and respiratory infections was studied. Partial deficient cell immunity and intermittent hyperaminoacidemia and aminoaciduria were ascertained. These findings were interpreted as evidence of phenotypic and probably genetic heterogeneity of RTS
CHILDHOOD HYPERTHYROIDISM: Results of Treatment
Authors: MÄENPÄÄ JORMA , KUUSI ANU
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Mäenpää, J. and Kunsi, A. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aurora Hospital Helsinki, Finland.) Childhood hyperthyroidism. Results of treatment. Acts Paediatr Scand, 69: 137, 1980.—40 hyperthyroid children were followed for 0.2–12 (mean 4.5) years. The treatment was antithyroid drugs in 20, subtotal thyroidectomy after a drug trial in 18 and primary thyroidectomy in 2 patients. 4 patients who relapsed (3 after surgery and 1 after a drug trial) were given radioiodide. 11 of the surgically treated glands were nodular. At the follow‐up study 24 patients were euthyroid, 7 were on thyroxine therapy and in 5 others hypothyroidism was discovered. 2 subjects were still on antithyroid drugs and 2 relapsed. In 5 euthyroid patients the TRH test revealed a low thyroid reserve. In 28 of 34 subjects examined circulating antibodies to thyroid microsomes were present in high titres. Evidently, regular follow‐up is needed because of the high risk of hypothyroidism.
ZINC AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: BJÖRKSTÉN B. , BÄCK O. , GUSTAVSON K. H. , HALLMANS G. , HÄGGLÖF B. , TÄRNVIK A.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Björkstén, B., Bäck, O., Gustavson, K. H., Hallmans, G., Hägglöf, B. and Tarnvik, A. (Departments of Clinical Bacteriology, Dermatology, Paediatrics and Pathology, University Hospital, Umeä, Sweden). Zinc and immune function in Down's syndrome. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 183, 1980.—Low levels of zinc in serum and high in blood clots were found in 12 patients with Down's syndrome (DS). They also had an immune deficiency characterized by depressed neutrophil chemotaxis, skin hypersensitivity and lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA in vitro. The patients received zinc sulphate, corresponding to 135 mg Zn++ daily. After treatment for 2 months' serum zinc levels had increased, neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness was normal in 11 of the 12 patients and there were improved lymphocyte responses to high doses of PHA in vitro. Delayed skin reactivity to DNCB was also improved in 10 of 11 patients after zinc therapy. Zinc deficiency may in part explain the increased susceptibility to infection in DS.
AUTOANTIBODIES TO TAMM‐HORSFALL PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: FASTH A. , KOLLBERG H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Fasth, A. and Kollberg, H. (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Göteborg, and Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Umea Sweden). Autoantibodies to Tamm‐Horsfall protein in patients with cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 189, 1980.—Sera from 35 patients, 17 boys and 18 girls, with cystic fibrosis were analysed for autoantibodies to the Tamm‐Horsfall protein. Significantly (p > 0.001) elevated levels of specific IgG and IgA, but not IgM antibodies to Tamm‐Horsfall protein were found. There was a considerable overlap between the values in the disease group and the control group. The highest values were found among the patients with liver involvement. The patients with marked lung abnormalities as well as those with positive bacterial culture of sputum had normal antibody levels.
LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Authors: GMELIG‐MEYLING F. , DOLLEKAMP I. , ZEGERS B. J. M. , BALLIEUX R. E. , STOOP J. W.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Gmelig‐Meyling, F., Dollekamp, I., Zegers, B. J. M., Ballieux, R. E. and Stoop, J. W. (University Children's Hospital “Het Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis” and Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with various immunodefciencies. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 193, 1980.—We have studied patients with various immunodefciencies for the occurrence of blood lymphocytes bearing six different surface markers: the affinity to sheep erythrocytes(ES)to identify T cells, the presence of surface‐bound immunoglobulins (sIg) to distinguish B cells, the affinity to mouse erythrocytes (Em) as a second B cell marker, and the receptors for the Fc part of IgM (IgM‐FcR), the Fc part of IgG (IgG‐FcR) and for complement (CR). IgG‐FcR bearing lymphocytes were present in normal proportions and the same was found for CR‐positive lymphocytes. None of the patients with congenital agammaglobulinaemia had sIg‐bearing or Em‐binding B lymphocytes. Four patients with ataxia teleangiectasia had low B cells and 3 out of 4 also had low proportions of IgM‐FcR‐bearing (T) cells. A child with partial DiGeorge syndrome did not have a grossly abnormal marker pattern although there appeared to be a shift in the T/B cell ratio in favour of the B cells. In a patient with selective cellular immunodeficiency associated with a purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, who was followed during reconstitution therapy with plasma and red cells, a positive change in the marker pattern was seen. Similar observations were made in a child with combined immunodeficiency during treatment. The findings are being discussed in the light of the current knowledge of the functions and ontogeny of lymphocyte subsets.
LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN 350 DANISH SCHOOLCHILDREN, AGES 7 TO 18 years
Authors: IBSEN K. KAAS , LOUS P. , ANDERSEN G. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ibsen, K. K., Lous, P. & Andersen, G. E. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, Fuglebakken, the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital and the Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark). Lipids and lipoproteins in 350 Danish schoolchildren, ages 7 to 18 years. Acta Paediatr 69:231, 1980.—Serum lipids and lipoprotein‐lipids were measured in 350 Danish schoolchildren, ages 7 to 18 years. The children had been randomly selected and serve as an urban reference population. Only in boys did serum triglyceride and VLDL‐cholesterol increase significantly with age, whereas the other lipoprotein‐lipids remained almost constant during adolescence. LDL‐cholesterol was found to be higher and HDL‐cholesterol lower than in American children, suggesting that Danish children may be more prone to develop coronary heart disease in adult life.
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF CLINICALLY SEVERE PROTEIN‐ENERGY MALNUTRITION ON GROWTH
Authors: SCHOLL THERESA O. , JOHNSTON F. E. , CRAVIOTO J. , DELICARDIE ELSA R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. School, T. O., Johnston, F. E., Cravioto, J. C. and De Licardie, E. R. (Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA). A prospective study of the effects of clinically severe protein‐energy malnutrition on growth. Acta Paediatr Scand, 331.—The effects of severe protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) upon the growth of children was studied in a 13‐month cohort. The serial records of 19 PEM children from the cohort were compared to those of cohort children with the same growth history (either failing or non‐failing growth), but without severe PEM. When the comparison was made on the basis of age, no differences in growth were found except for arm muscle circumference at one age. Using Z‐scores, comparisons were also made according to months before or after the diagnosis of PEM. When compared to children with the same growth history, PEM children showed short‐term differences in weight and arm muscle circumference and a mild retardation in growth in length which was not significant. Any growth effects following the episode of severe PEM were accounted for by growth status preceding its onset.
IRON DEFICIENCY IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: RAO J. NAGARAJ , SUR A. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Nagaraj Rao, J. and Sur, A. M. (Department of Paediatrics, Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India). Iron deficiency in sickle cell disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:337, 1980.—Iron studies were performed on 25 children with homozygous sickle cell disease. The majority (80%) of patients had never been transfused. Surprisingly, the results showed that all had low serum iron and low transferrin saturation. Three children had no marrow iron stores while the rest had diminished amounts of iron. This may be an important finding in view of recent efforts at fortifying common salt with iron. The exact effects of iron deficiency on sickle cell disease are not known and a controlled trial is called for.
TWO YEARS‘ FOLLOW‐UP OF ASTHMATIC BOYS PARTICIPATING IN A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAMME
Authors: GRAFF‐LONNEVIG V. , BEVEGÅRRD S. , ERIKSSON B. O. , KRAEPELIEN S. , SALTIN B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Graff‐Lonnevig, V., Bevegård, S., Eriksson, B. O., Kraepelien, S. and Saltin, B. (Department of Allergology, Sachs' Children's Hospital and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden). Two years follow‐up of asthmatic boys participating in a physical activity programme. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 347, 1980.—Eleven boys with bronchial asthma, mean age 11.2 years, participated in a 20‐month long physical activity programme. The training was performed in an ordinary indoor gymnasium for one hour twice a week. No drugs were given prior to the training sessions. Cardiorespiratory function and dimensions and maximal aerobic capacity were determined before, during and after the training period. The respiratory and circulatory dimensions increased as expected during the observation period and after correction for the influence of growth no changes were seen in the variables studied. Nor did the training group differ significantly in any respect from a group of nine asthmatic boys not trained. There was only a slight but not significant increase in the maximal oxygen uptake and the ventilatory coefficient in the training group as compared to the non training group. After a one‐week winter‐camp with high exercise intensity there was a rise in the total ventilation, the ventilatory coefficient and the maximal work performed but the maximal oxygen uptake was not affected. All boys showed a very good ability to participate in the physical activity programme at approximately the same level as the physical education given at school.
THE ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, HYPOXIA, AND ABNORMALITIES IN SERUM LIPID COMPOSITION IN LIMITING EXERCISE TOLERANCE IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: COATES A. L. , BOYCE P. , MULLER D. , MEARNS M. , GODFREY S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Coates, A. L., Boyce, P., Muller, D., Mearns, M. B. and Godfrey, S. (Department of Paediatrics, Hammersmith Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the Institute of Child Health, London, England). The role of nutritional status, airway obstruction, hypoxia, and abnormalities in serum lipid composition in limiting exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:353, 1980.—Previous work has shown that impaired exercise tolerance in children with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) is related to the severity of airway obstruction without elucidating the possible roles of hypoxia or malnutrition. It has been suggested that poor nutrition leads to abnormalities in serum fatty acids composition, which may lead to tissue hypoxia. We investigated the roles of hypoxia, pulmonary mechanics, nutritional status, and serum fatty acid composition in limiting exercise tolerance in C.F. In 20 children with C.F., exercise tolerance, while breathing air and while breathing oxygen, was evaluated on a cycle ergometer and compared to pulmonary function tests, anthropometric data, serum lipid composition, and clinical condition. The mean percent work expected from height (Wmax) was 75, and was unchanged by 0z. Wmax correlated significantly with the degree of respiratory impairment, the discrepancy between height and weight, and the clinical score but not serum fatty acid composition. Where measured, no child at any time had an elevated end tidal CO2(PetCO2). We conclude that nutritional status and airway obstruction are closely correlated with exercise tolerance in C.F. and that, unlike the case in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exercise‐limiting dyspnea occurs in the presence of a normal PetCO2.
TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER LOSS IN NEWBORN INFANTS: V. Evaporation from the Skin and Heat Exchange during the First Hours of Life
Authors: HAMMARLUND K. , NILSSON G. E. , öBERG P. Å. , SEDIN G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Hammarlund, K., Nilsson, G. E., öberg, P. Å. and Sedin, G. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Uppsala, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden). Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. V. Evaporation from the skin and heat exchange during the first hours of life. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:385, 1980.—The amount of water evaporated from the skin was studied in 10 healthy newborn infants from their first minute of life, while being taken care of in the delivery room, and in 11 infants treated in incubators from their 30th min of life. The heat lost by evaporation, radiation and convection was calculated. Evaporation from the skin was very high during the first minutes after birth and was the main cause of heat loss during the first 15–30 min of life. Thereafter the amount of heat lost depended on the conditions under which the infant was nursed. Higher convective and radiative heat losses were found in delivery rooms than in incubators.
DEFECTIVE BACTERICIDAL FUNCTION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH MEASLES
Authors: YETGIN S. , ALTAY C.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Yetgin, S., and Altay, C. (Department of Paediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey). Defective bactericid function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in children with measles. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:411, 1980. Killing capacities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and the serum opsonic activity were investigated in 15 children with measles. Seven of them had bacterial infection secondary to the measles. The mean values for killing capacities of the patients were significantly impaired when they were compared with those of the control group which consisted of 15 healthy age‐matched children (p > 0.001). These defects were found to be present during the early stages of the measles. The serum opsonic activity was found to be normal.
EFFECT OF TOLAZOLINE IN PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: MARKESTAD T. , FINNE P. H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Markestad, T. and Finne, P. H. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Effect of tolazoline in pulmonary hemorrhage in the newborn. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:425, 1980.—A neonate severely ill with pulmonary hemorrhage improved on intravenous tolazoline. We suggest that persistent fetal circulation may complicate this disorder and that vasodilator therapy is justified when other therapeutic measures fail.
SERUM CHOLESTEROL IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: Familial and Nutritional Influences and the Emergence of Tracking
Authors: BOULTON T. J. C.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Boulton, T. J. C. (Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, The Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia). Serum cholesterol in early childhood: Familial and nutritional influences, and the emergence of tracking. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 441, 1980.—The influence of familial and nutritional factors on serum total cholesterol (TC), and the age at which evidence of tracking appeared, was investigated in the first 2 years. The level of association between the parents' and children's TC levels increased to age two (r 0.25, p < 0.001), being slightly greater for the boys than for the girls. This was paralleled in the results for low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), but weak association only occurred for high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Comparing the relative influence on the children's TC of nutritional and familial factors, the parents' TC levels and a family history of early coronary heart disease were found to be important correlates of the children's TC. Low correlations occurred for nutritional factors. The degree of tracking of cholesterol (the extent to which the level maintains its relative position in the distribution curve through time) as measured by the correlation coefficient of the level at time one on the level at time two, increased through infancy to r 0.40 from one to two years. The association between the TC level in cord blood and later levels increased to two years (r 0.32). The results are interpreted as showing either familial influences on a child's TC level become increasingly important from the end of the first year, or that the effect of these influences is obscured during infancy by other, presumably nutritional, factors which themselves are elusive because of the inherently inadequate methodological techniques of dietary studies.
THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN‐ AND LYMPHOCYTE CHOLESTEROL ESTERS IN CHILDREN WITH HETEROZYGOUS FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , JOHANSEN K. B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Andersen, G. E. and Johansen, K. B. (The Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Fatty acid composition of serum low density lipoprotein‐ and lymphocyte cholesterol esters in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:453, 1980.—The content of free and esterified cholesterolin serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) was measured in 19 children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and in 10 normal siblings. In FH both free and esterified cholesterol were found to be elevated. Furthermore the fatty acid composition of serum LDL‐ and lymphocyte cholesterol esters was determined. However, no difference was found between FH heterozygotes and normals thus indicating that LDL‐hypocatabolism typically found in FH does not correlate with an abnormal fatty acid composition of LDL‐cholesterol esters nor with an impaired cholesterol esterification intracellularly in lymphocytes.
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN, GLUCOSE KETONE BODIES, LACTATE, PYRUVATE AND AMINO ACIDS IN ANESTHETIZED CHILDREN
Authors: SETTERGREN G. , LINDBLAD B. S. , PERSSON B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Settergren, G., Lindblad, B. S. and Persson, B. (Department of Paediatrics, Karolinska Institutet and the Unit of Paediatric Anesthesiology, St. Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Cerebral blood flow and exchange of oxygen, glucose, ketone bodies, lactate, pyruvate and amino acids in anesthetized children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 457, 1980.—Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral av differences of oxygen, glucose, 3‐hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate, pyruvate and amino acids were measured in anaesthetized children before elective surgery in order to study possible age‐dependent variations. CBF was measured in 70 children, aged 11 days to 15 years. Cerebral av differences were studied in approximately 50% of the subjects. Mean values were: CBF 0.65 ml X g‐1 X min‐1, cerebral exchange in nmoles Xg‐1 X min‐1: oxygen 1348, glucose 248, acetoacetate 12,3‐hydroxybutyrate 34 (uptake), lactate‐48, pyruvate‐8 (release). No net exchange of amino acids was found with the exception of histidine (uptake). Neither CBF nor the cerebral exchange of oxygen and circulating substrates showed any correlation to age within the group. Compared with adults anesthetized by the same technique (barbiturate induction, nitrous oxide‐oxygen relaxant) the children had a slightly higher mean CBF, while the cerebral up‐take of oxygen and glucose were equal to values in adults. The cerebral uptake of ketone bodies was higher in children than reported values in adults investigated in the awake state after comparable periods of fasting.
SPINAL CORD DAMAGE: A RARE COMPLICATION OF PURULENT MENINGITIS
Authors: TAL Y. , CRICHTON J. U. , DUNN H. G. , DOLMAN C. L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Tal, Y., Crichton, J. U., Dunn, H. G. and Dolman, C. L. (Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada). Spinal cord damage: a rare complication of purulent meningits. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:471, 1980.—Three cases of spinal cord damage following acute bacterial meningitis are described. Two children survived with neurological sequelae, while one died. Autopsy showed extensive spinal cord necrosis. The possible mechanisms for this rare complication are discussed and a possible connection with transient cardiorespiratory arrest is suggested.
HAEMOGLOBIN Atc: A PREDICTOR FOR THE DURATION OF THE REMISSION PHASE IN JUVENILE INSULIN‐DEPENDENT DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: VETTER U. , HEINZE E. , BEISCHER W. , KOHNE E. , KLEIHAUER E. , TELLER W. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Vetter, U., Heinze, E., Beischer, W., Kohne, E., Kleihauer, E. and Teller, W. M. (Centers of Paediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, FRG). Haemoglobin A1c: a predictor for the duration of the remission phase in juvenile insulin dependent diabetic patients. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:481, 1980.—Increased HbA1cconcentrations in diabetic patients indicate retrospectively a poor metabolic control during the preceding 2–3 months. In the present study attempts have been made to use the HbA1c concentration at the time of diagnosis as an indicator of the duration of the remission phase in 23 juvenile diabetic children. The regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the initial HbA1c concentrations and the duration of the remission phase defined as no glucose excretion, an insulin requirement of less than 0.5 U/kg/day and detectable serum C‐peptide concentration (r= ‐0.84, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the initial HbA1c concentration may serve as a useful indicator to predict the duration of the remission phase in juvenile‐onset diabetic patients
UROPATHIES DIAGNOSED IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD: SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND COURSE: A Report of 40 Cases
Authors: BENSMAN A. , BAUDON J. J. , JABLONSKI J. P. , LASFARGUES G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Bensman, A., Baudon, J. J., Jablonski, J. P. and Lasfargues, G. (Chaire d'Hygiène de la Première Enfance, Service de Chirurgie Viscérale, Faculté de Médecine Saint‐Antoine, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France). Uropathies diagnosed in the neonatal period: symptomatology and course: A report of 40 cases. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69:499, 1980.—Forty infants with a uropathy diagnosed during the first two months of life were studied. Presenting signs were urinary tract infection in one‐half of the cases, disorders of micturition, pelvic or abdominal wall malformations, abdomino‐pelvic mass, and macroscopic hematuria. Obstructive uropathy was observed in 17 children and vesicoureteric reflux in 29. We noted a high incidence of extrarenal malformations (14 of the 40 cases) in this series of uropathies diagnosed during the neonatal period. Despite early diagnosis, the course was not favorable in 11 cases with congenital anomalies of the renal parenchyma.