bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Tourism Training: A Study on Secondary Education
Authors: Çalışkan Serkan , Sevim Burhan , Tuncer Kurtuluş
Published: October 2024

Aim: In previous studies on health tourism education in Türkiye, it has been observed that it is the subject of higher education. As in many European countries, vocational education starts after primary education in Türkiye. This study aims to answer the questions of what is the place and importance of health tourism education at the vocational secondary education level in Türkiye and how this situation is related to Türkiye's health tourism policies and goals, such as becoming the capital of health tourism in 2053 and creating a global brand with the slogan "Health Turkiye".
Methods: The research used a case study design as a qualitative research method. For the research, the documents and development plans of the curricula of 53 fields and 114 branches in vocational secondary education were examined.
Results: In the examination, it was seen that there are courses related to health tourism in the 4-year education programs in the fields of health services and accommodation and travel services. However, it was observed that 50% of the courses in the curriculum of Accommodation and Travel Services and 100% in the curriculum of Health Services are elective courses.
Conclusion: Because the place and importance of health tourism education at the secondary education level have not been examined before, and Turkiye's targets regarding health tourism, our study is a pioneering and important study in determining the status of health tourism in the framework curricula at the secondary education level
Policies Can Still Create New Politics: Contemporary Causal Evidence from New York Preschool Parents
Authors: Jacobson Sophie
Published: October 2024

Can citizens' firsthand experiences with government policies shape their political opinions? Research on mass "policy feedback" effects increasingly raises doubts about the capacity of even salient policies to overcome partisan and ideological divisions to shift citizen attitudes. I advance this debate with causal estimates of recent, substantial, and broad-based belief change through personal experience with a child in public preschool. Using a difference-in-differences design with an original opinion panel of New York parents universally eligible for too few free full-day seats, I show that experience with public pre-K creates new political beliefs within months. Parents’ baseline preferences for government-provided childcare over private options doubles after a single semester. This profound shift does not differ between Republicans or conservatives with UPK seats and their more liberal counterparts. Social scientists have shown that universal preschool could transform children's life chances, GDP, and gender parity in economic life; this study suggests profound political effects, too.
As good as chance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human deepfake detection performance based on 56 papers
Authors: Diel Alexander , Lalgi Tania , Schroeter Isabel Carolin , MacDorman Karl Fredric , Teufel Martin , Bäuerle Alexander
Published: October 2024

Deepfakes are artificial intelligence-generated content created to be perceived as real, typically created to deceive. Deepfakes threaten public and personal safety through misuse in disinformation, propaganda, and identity theft. Though research has been conducted on human performance in deepfake detection, the results have not yet been synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates human deepfake detection. In June and October 2024, PubMed, ScienceGov, Jstor, Google Scholar, and paper references were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies conducting novel empirical research measuring human detection performance using high-quality deepfakes. Pooling accuracy, odds ratio, and sensitivity index (d') effect sizes (k = 137 effects) from 56 papers (86,155 participants), we investigate 1) general deepfake detection performance, 2) performance for different stimulus modalities (audio, image, text, and video), and 3) the effects of strategies for improving performance. Deepfake detection performance is consistently at chance level across audio (62.08% [38.23, 83.18], k = 8), image (53.16% [42.12, 64.64], k = 18), text (52.00% [37.42, 65.88], k = 15), and video (57.31% [47.80, 66.57], k = 26) deepfakes (total: 55.54% [48.87, 62.10], k = 67). Odds ratios (OR = 0.64 [0.52, 0.79], k = 62) indicate that participants have a 39% chance of detecting deepfakes, which is worse than chance. However, strategies like feedback training, AI support, and deepfake caricaturization increase detection performance (65.14% [55.21, 74.46], k = 15), especially for video stimuli.
Avoidance Coping Explains the Link Between Narcissism and Counternormative Tendencies
Authors: Podsiadłowski Wojciech , Marchlewska Marta , Rogoza Marta , Molenda Zuzanna , Cichocka Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Previous research linked counternormative tendencies (e.g., conspiracy beliefs, cyberbullying, and catfishing) to narcissism - a personality trait characterized by difficulties in experiencing psychological threats. We argue that avoidance coping with stress favors attitudes and behaviors that allow for deflecting from stressful events and releasing one’s stress at the expense of others. Thus, we hypothesized that avoidance coping might explain why narcissism favors counternormative tendencies. We conducted four studies (total N = 2,643) in the United States and Poland to examine avoidance coping as a mediator of the relationship between narcissism and counternormative tendencies: conspiracy beliefs (Studies 1-4), willingness to conspire (Studies 2-4), cyberbullying (Studies 3-4), and catfishing (Study 4). All studies found a consistent positive indirect relationship between various forms of narcissism and counternormative tendencies via avoidance coping. These findings suggest that counternormative tendencies might reflect using maladaptive coping strategies.
Temporal binding during deliberate rule breaking
Authors: Galang Carl Michael Orquiola , Akan Ayça , Pfister Roland , Brass Marcel
Published: October 2024

Rules are deeply ingrained in our cognition; such that deliberate rule breaking incurs a cognitive cost. The current study investigates the influence of rule breaking on explicit sense of agency as well as the implicit perceptual illusion of temporal binding. In two experiments, participants completed a free choice task that involved following or breaking a predetermined rule. The task required pressing a key that matched to a visual stimulus which triggered a corresponding change after a delay. Participants estimated the delay as an index of temporal binding. The results showed similar levels of explicit agency for rule following and rule breaking. Temporal binding, by contrast, was indeed influenced by rule breaking; however, the relationship is complex. Specifically, participants had smaller interval estimates for rule following vs. breaking at the 100ms delay, likely reflecting cognitive conflict during rule breaking, whereas this effect reversed for the 400ms and 700ms delays. We interpret our results in relation to the wider rule breaking and temporal binding literature.
From Maps to Models: Participation and Contestability in the Dynamic Management of Natural Resources
Authors: Scoville Caleb , Amironesei Razvan , Xu Lily , Chapman Melissa , Record Nicholas R , Boettiger Carl
Published: October 2024

How does stakeholder participation in natural resource management change when conservation rules are grounded in near real-time data? Recognition of our rapidly changing climate and recent technological advances have facilitated the increased feasibility of the “dynamic management” of natural resources, which promises to align the spatiotemporal scales of management with ecological variability and resource use. Drawing on Kelty’s (2020) concept of “contributory autonomy,” this article offers a critical comparison of how participation is conceived of in the more established context of static conservation areas and planning versus the emergent field of dynamic management. A systematic review of the dynamic ocean management literature reveals a varied, but shallow engagement with the topic of stakeholder participation in that context. Whereas static management regimes are governed by intuitive and readily contestable maps, dynamic management is governed by models and data flows. Overall, the decision-making stakeholder of participatory mapping processes under static management is displaced by the stakeholder conceived as an “end user” of a dynamic management product. Yet, these shifts also open up potential points of contestation, which may pattern the future theory and practice of participation in dynamic management: counterdata, countermodeling, and data chokepoints. Beyond the empirical focus on oceans, this article contributes to broader conversations about the political stakes of environmental data, and algorithmic and artificial intelligence-driven natural resource conservation by considering how possibilities for participation are foreclosed, enabled, and reconstituted by new spatiotemporal and technological conditions.
Meningkatkan Ketertarikan Bisnis Kuliner Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah Pasca Pandemi: Strategi Menuju Pemulihan Ekonomi
Authors: Sugandha  , Donny Yana  , Wato Fidell , Suhendar Janamarta  , FX Pudjo Wibowo
Published: October 2024

Sektor tak resmi, terutama Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), memiliki peran sentral dalam menggerakkan kemajuan ekonomi di Kota Tangerang. Meskipun UMKM berkembang pesat di wilayah padat seperti Kawasan Wisata Kuliner Pasar Lama, beberapa hambatan masih ada, seperti kesulitan ekspansi bisnis bagi penduduk Pasar Anyar dan kurangnya upaya pemasaran untuk kawasan kuliner tersebut. Walau demikian, bimbingan kewirausahaan yang diselenggarakan oleh Tim Dosen Universitas Buddhi Dharma memberikan manfaat bagi sebagian UMKM, sementara yang lain, seperti Jamu Rempah dan Lumpia Beef di Pasar Anyar, berharap akan pendampingan yang berkesinambungan dari Pemerintah dan Akademisi. Dengan dukungan berkelanjutan, sektor tak resmi di Kota Tangerang dapat terus berkembang dan memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, asalkan ada kerjasama dari berbagai pihak untuk memperbaiki kondisi tersebut.
Vibhatsa Rasa in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby
Authors: Regmi Dipendra Raj
Published: October 2024

This paper explores disgusting emotions as vibhatsa rasa in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary masterpiece The Great Gatsby (1925) through rasa theory. In this novel, Fitzgerald depicts the real picture of 1920s American society and how Americans ran after materialism. They felt that the ultimate happiness was possible through material prosperity, which is almost the same today. They work hard, earn money, get a comfortable life, and live in prosperity but lack happiness. The waves of materialism in them disturb the minds and bodies of the Americans. They are eternally blind and demonstrate moral decency while chasing their dream. Therefore, this paper examines the different kinds of disgusting emotions present in American people by observing the attitudes and feelings of the characters and their behaviors in the novel. As a qualitative applied research, the paper draws on the principles of rasa, especially vibhatsa rasa to explore disgusting emotions in the text.  Physical, moral, and psychological disgust evoke the feelings of vibhatsa rasa in the text. It begins with the rise of materialism and the popularity of the American Dream. In a real sense, the deaths of Myrtle, Gatsby, and George reflect physical disgust arousing visceral emotions. The moral and psychological disgust of the characters contributes a lot to the formation of vibhatsa rasa. The series of undesirable emotions destroy the thread of human relationships. Americans need to overcome the unpleasant feelings of depression, dissatisfaction, and self-pity to imagine a better future for mankind.
Digital Appearance in Shakespeare’s The Tempest
Authors: Baral Rohit Raj
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to make an analysis of the use of information and communication technology(ICT)y and the connection of its knowledge in the modern education system. It deals with the popularity of the English language and digital literacy among the students of language and literature and the use of technology in the modern education system. It has changed the whole scenario in English studies because everything is digitalized by modern science and technology. Digital literacy is required in the modern education system of language and literature teaching, learning, and writing. The article claims that this concept of technology and communication also was there in the Renaissance period of the 14th and 15th centuries in some forms which are available in Renaissance texts. The Tempest by William Shakespeare. Keith Green and Jill Lebihan’s concept of ‘Writing back’ is adopted to study classical literature to form new perspective and knowledge. The conclusion is made here that there was digital literacy and the concept of technology and communication in Renaissance times’ texts too as it is widely used in postmodern times.
Oral Health Status among Postmenopausal Women Attending Tertiary Hospital of Bharatpur, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Rosina , Ghosh Snehashish , Yadav Deependra Kumar , Neupane Ajay
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Menopause is a biological process occurring in middle aged women causing changes in the level of circulating hormones. Changes in the oral flora, oral mucosa and decrease in bone mineral density leads to many menopauses related oral findings.
Objective: This study was conducted with the objective to assess the oral health status of postmenopausal women visiting tertiary health care centre in Bharatpur, Chitwan.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 postmenopausal women attending dental OPD in a tertiary health care centre. Comprehensive oral examination was done where CPITN index was used to record periodontal health and DMFT index was used to record caries experience of the patient. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 224 patients were examined with age range of 45 to 78 years and the mean age of 56.71 years. 113 study participants comprising 50.4%, showed supra or subgingival calculus followed by gingival bleeding in 54 (24.1%). Mean decayed score among study participants was found to be 2.71±2.85, mean missing score was found to be 4.29±7.83.
Conclusion: Mean score for missing teeth suggestive of sequel of dental caries and periodontitis was found higher among the post-menopausal women followed by mean decayed score. Dental caries score was high probably due to dryness of mouth and other predisposing factors.
Comparative Study of Pyogenic Granuloma Management with Conservative Sclerotherapy to Invasive Surgical Excision: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pandey Sangita , Usman Neha , Saleh Muhammad Imran , Akhtar Muhammad Usman
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Pyogenic granuloma is a common benign reactive mucocutaneous lesion. Various treatment options like excision, sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, laser is widely practiced.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate to surgical excision in the management of oral pyogenic granuloma.
Methods: The prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among two equal randomly allocated groups (48 each) of histologically confirmed cases. Group A was treated by surgical excision while group B was treated by 3% STDS. Both groups were evaluated weekly for a month for pain and healing and 1st, 3rd & 6th for recurrence.
Results: Pain score is statistically significant on 1st and 2nd week follow up. No clinical and statistical difference observed in pain on 3rd and 4th week. Clinically significant recurrence was observed in group ‘A’ (4.1%) than group ‘B’ on 3 months but was statistically insignificant. 1 recurrence was observed in group ‘B’ on 6 months whereas, 3 were reported from group ‘A’ in the same duration. Healing on 1st and 2nd weeks were comparable and statistically significant in both groups however the results failed to show any significant difference on 3rd and 4th week. The demographics showed mean age 30.97±12.4 years with 60.42% of incidence in female and the commonest site being mandibular anterior teeth (25%).
Conclusion: Although, surgical excision is commonly practiced, it is associated with higher recurrence, increased pain score & prolonged healing period. On contrary, sclerotherapy with 3% STDS proved to be safer, minimally invasive and more accepted by patients with minimum postoperative morbidity.
The Effect of Firm Size and Auditor Rotation on the Quality of Audits
Authors: Dwi Harla Nikita , Baharudin Elen Haditiya , Rahman Rafiq Naufal , Rosnidah Ida , Hidayat Firman
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to ascertain the effect of firm size and auditor rotation on the audit quality of technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022. This research employed a sample of 10 organizations observed across five periods, meeting the requirements for sample selection. This yields 50 data points. The study utilized purposive sampling, and logistic regression analysis the analytical instrument to examine the hypothesis.  This study's findings indicated that the firm's size and the auditors' rotation did not affect the quality of auditors. This implies that the competence of an auditor was not determined by external variables, such as the firm's size or the rotation of auditors.
A Study of Luminance and Visual Attention Patterns in Tourist Photography at Fairy Cave Sarawak
Authors: Rosli Saiful Azlan , Ahmad Azmir , Jamaluddin Siti Aisyah Afiqah , Azman Nur Ain Noor , Chen Ai-Hong , Jamil Azhar Abd
Published: October 2024

Objective: Visual attention involves complex interaction between the cognitive and surrounding environment. Eye movement and light uniformity be the important factor that influence visual attention. Digital photos emit light compared the conventional photos. It would be advantageous to investigate and comprehend the significance of the amount of light that enters the eye, known as luminance. The primary objective of this study was to conduct luminance light and visual attention analysis using scenery images captured from tourist spots located in Fairy Cave, Sarawak. Material and Methods: There were 3 parts in this study. Part One: convenient sampling was employed to recruit three adults as tourist photographers to capture images at four pre-selected tourist locations in Fairy Cave, Sarawak. Part Two: a total of 17 photographs were chosen from a pool of forty photographs for the purpose of conducting research on the luminance and visual activity. The luminance analysis evaluated the luminosity emitted by the digital display. The luminous properties were assessed using the CA-2500 2D Colour Analyzer manufactured by Konica Minolta in Japan. The brightness profile of the images is obtained by calculating the Michelson luminance. Part Three: the Dikablis eye tracker was utilised to test the visual attention via eye tracking pattern of a sample of thirty-six adults aged 18 to 40 years. The researchers recorded and examined the total amount and duration of the fixation eye movement.Results: The 3 photographers that were recognised exhibited both similarities and differences in their photographic skills and preferences. Nevertheless, this was not incorporated into our investigation of visible spectrum light. The observed difference in brightness profiles among the images was found to be statistically insignificant (p-value>0.05). Our study on eye-tracking behaviour in adults revealed significant variations in the total number of fixations (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable insights into the interplay between environmental lighting conditions and visual attention in this unique natural setting. Despite having various angle preferences, layperson photographers appear to engage in the same visible light spectrum. Our study indicates that when investigating preferences using the visual attention component, it is important to consider the total count of fixations. Additional investigation could entail the examination of professional photographers’ photography.
Międzynarodowe standardy zamówień publicznych - wybrane aspekty
Authors: Tyrawa Dominik
Published: October 2024

Streszczenie dostępne wyłącznie w języku angielskim:
The author in the article describes selected regulations which concem Govemment Procurement all over the world. The author focuses on the presentation of Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services with Guide to Enactment, International Bank for Resonstruction and Development Guidelines, Procurement dunder IBRD Loans and IDA Credit and World Trade Organization. What is more, the author emphasizes the most probable causes of those laws, general principles concerning Prequalification proceedings of Government Procurement and range of subjects and entities. The author briefly discusses some particular modes of Government Procurement which are present in mentioned laws. The main purpose of this article is to delve into the international standards of Government Procurement, underlining their positive aspects and positive influence on national regulations.
THE ORIGINS OF THE PROVINCIAL PHOTOGRAPHER’S CREATIVITY EARLY XX CENTURY A.A. ZIRAH
Authors: Aznabaev Bulat A. , Sharipova Yuliya V.
Published: October 2024

The work of the provincial Ufa photographer of the early XX century A.A. Zirakh does not go beyond the descriptive discourse in the literature of local lore. However, we believe that it is a phenomenon that needs to be interpreted from a historical and cultural point of view. We tried to understand what a small insurance employee was motivated by to selflessly give the last decade of his life to photography. The very analysis of photographs by A.A. Zirakh led to an appeal to the problem of the difference between history and memory. The surviving photographs indicate that A.A. Zirakh was more interested in the architecture and landscape of the city than in the events. This confirms the thesis that the artist considered his collection as a tool of memory, but not as a historical source. Memory, unlike history, is an area of individual perception. In this regard, our attitude differs from the one of the representatives of the "place of memory" concept. The nature of A.A. Zirakh's work is associated with the problem of the attitude of the Russian intelligentsia to the province. We believe that monotony is the defining mood of the provincial chronotope. But a creative person can’t control the time. A scholar is deprived of the opportunity to act as a subject of historical processes in province. The monotony and eventlessness of backwater time are changed only under the influence of the center. On the contrary, the monotony and, consequently, the meaninglessness of the landscape of the outskirts are amenable to creative transformation. Breaking out of the monotonous environment of familiar urban objects through photography, A.A. Zirakh forces to focus attention on them, to notice the uniqueness and thereby destroy the anonymity of the urban landscape.
THE OPPOSING FORCES IN THE CIVIL WAR AND THE POLITICAL MOOD OF THE CITIZENS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF BASHKIRIA)
Authors: Kazanchiev Alexander D.
Published: October 2024

One of the most important factors in the political struggle is the position of the citizens. In this article, we will try to consider the political sentiments of the citizens based on the material of Bashkiria during one of the turning points in Russian history during the civil war. The territory of our region was the scene of fierce military and political confrontation between the Bolsheviks and a wide range of their opponents: from those who were called the members of «democratic counterrevolution" in the historiography of the Soviet period to more right-wing forces. A number of sources provide valuable and objective material on the political proclivity of the citizens during the civil war. These are the results of elections at various levels, the position of elected authorities, the documents characterizing the attitude of the citizens to the mobilization and voluntary entry into the army of opposing forces, the documents from the category "internal distribution only”. The scientific novelty of the article is due to the lack of special works on this problem. However, we have taken into account the works devoted to the civil war as a whole or its individual aspects in Russia and Bashkiria. As the goals of our research, we can see the identification of documents containing objective information about the political sentiments of the population and the formulation of conclusions regarding the support of the citizens of the opposing forces. In summary, we conclude that there is no mass and constant support from all the opposing forces and indicate the reasons for the indifference of the citizens.
Archeology of Cheboksary: Problems of Study, Protection and Museumification
Authors: Myasnikov Nikolay S.
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on issues of Cheboksary’s archaeology. The article briefly describes the city’s location and provides information on its name, establishment and development. Particular sections concentrate on the state registration of archaeological sites within Cheboksary. These sections are also dedicated to the borders of the city’s cultural layers. It draws conclusions about the exploration degree and critical problems in studying Cheboksary. The authors highlight the importance of rescue archeology within the city. The article discusses methodology for excavations in the anthropogenic environment. In terms of this methodology the authors analyze the notion of “ballast layer”, record keeping methods and selection. The research concerns methodology for working with finds aiming to distinguish mass and individual findings and determine their storage. The paper reviews options for introducing archaeological finds into the historical & cultural, architectural & artistic environment (museumification of archaeological sites) in Cheboksary.
"Cultural Layer of Kurgan City": Determination, Studying, Findings, Issues and Prospects"
Authors: Novikov Igor K. , Maslyuzhenko Denis N.
Published: October 2024

Cultural Layer of Kurgan City archaeological monument was established in 2005. Since 2009 it has been exposed to archaeological excavations at different city mansions dated 1700s – early 1900s and situated within the determined site of cultural heritage. The article briefly describes 14 excavation sites. All works were subject to a commercial contract. It allowed to research relatively substantial areas of the monument. Excavations were arranged in various parts of the historic development including periphery. The research of the periphery is unlikely under the scheduled works. The article describes how the monument was detected and studied and what findings were made. The study reveals how the archaeological finds correlate with the discovered records of the main owners of these mansions. Cultural Layer of Kurgan City archaeological monument is a unique source of information about the tangible culture of citizens in the mid–1700s through the early site 1900s. The paper reviews how the monument was explored through the prospective of particular finds, natural science researches, construction technologies and particular serial sites. The authors generalize the ceramic production, glass production and hygiene in the area. The article outlines the key problems associated with inadequate research of the Cultural Layer of Kurgan City and inferior comparison of archives and archaeological materials. The total area of the monument is 978 thousand sq. m. Yet, due to various reasons it annually loses several thousand square meters with no hope of return.
Defining Boundaries of Modern Times Archaeological Heritage Sites in Izhevsk and Sarapul, Udmurt Republic
Authors: Perevozchikova Svetlana A.
Published: October 2024

The article publishes the findings made by the staff of the Kama-Vyatka archaeological expedition from the Udmurt State University. The study aims to identify the boundaries of the sites of archaeological heritage dated the Modern Times and located in Izhevsk and Sarapul, the Udmurt Republic. The methodology for identifying the boundaries of the monuments within the urban development includes analysis of archives and maps, combination of archaeological and archival research. The fruitful efforts of the Udmurt State University team and the Udmurt Republic State Body for Protection of Cultural Heritage Sites joint in 2007–2022 allowed to determine boundaries of the Izhevsk Plant settlement, the Troitsky (Nagorny), Mikhailovsky and Nikolo-Pokrovsky cemeteries in Izhevsk, Sarapul settlement and the Voskresensky Cemetery in Sarapul. Some other towns differentiate particular zones or blocks associated with finds of the cultural layer or items. However, in contrast thereto, the boundaries of the Sarapul settlement and the Izhevsk Plant Settlement are outlined as a single territory associated with the historical part of Sarapul and Izhevsk. This allows immediate archaeological rescue works in the monuments. Izhevsk and Sarapul reveal a rather intense dynamics of setting Modern Times archaeological sites, namely – the early cemeteries and historical parts of cities
Cranial collection of the pre-Modern Bashkirs as a source in studies of ancient diseases: Syphilis
Authors: Kufterin Vladimir V. , Nechvaloda Аleksey I. , Syutkina Taisiya A.
Published: October 2024

The cranial collection, which represents the close to modern Bashkirs (18th – early 20th centu- ries), was used as an osteological evidence of the incidence of treponemal diseases (acquired syphilis) in this population. The collection was assembled by Rinat M.Yusupov, a prominent biological anthropologist and ethnographer, mainly in the 1970s and 1980s through the excavation of old Bashkir cemeteries; it is currently stored in the Department of Ethnology, Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The analyzed sample consists of 753 crania (409 males and 344 females). The study protocol included the type, location and size of pathological changes. The coding criteria of Hackett (1976) were used for recording sequence of cranial lesions. Each case was assigned one of three diagnostic statuses: status 1 – probable treponemal infection, status 2 – possible or suspected treponemal infection, and status 3 – questionable cases, according to the threshold diagnostic criteria. Specific cranial lesions that suggested the highest diagnostic status were observed in 1.06 % of cases. Statuses 2 and 3 accounted for 1.99 % and 3.45 % cases respectively. The total frequency of all lesions in the group was 6.51 % (3.05 % excluding questionable cases). Cranial lesions of all statuses were slightly more common in the female sample, but sex differences were statistically insignificant. There were no significant differences in the distribution of cranial lesions between individuals older and younger 35 years of age. The northwestern Bashkirs showed a significantly higher frequency of cranial lesions compared to the eastern Bashkirs. According to a preliminary paleoepidemiological assessment, the frequency of tertiary syphilis with skeletal involvement in the original living population could be 0.02 % (two specific cases per 10,000 individuals). The results are discussed in the context of available paleopathological data on treponematoses as well as medical and statistical sources on the occurrence of acquired syphilis in the close to modern Bashkirs.
Archeozoological materials of the settlement of the golden horde time Podymalovo–1
Authors: Roslyakova Natalya V. , Grigorieva Irina M. , Bachura Olga P. , Tuzbekov Ainur I.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of an archaeozoological study of osteological materials collected during 2022 excavations at the Podymalovo-1 settlement. The settlement dates back to the Golden Horde period and lays in Ufimsky District, the Republic of Bashkortostan. The analysis of the animal species range, the anatomical spectrum of their bones, age and size of slaughtered animals, traces of pathological changes in their bones suggests a reconstruction of the main economic activities of the settlement's inhabitants. It is found that domestic ungulates at Podymalovo-1 were used by farms in multiple ways. The population kept cattle, small ruminants and horses. Cattle breeding was associated with dairy and meat production, while horses were mainly used for farm work. Livestock was kept until mature. It can be explained through their lifetime use to obtain milk, wool, or help. The monument shows traces of leather production and bone carving. Animal bones were used as raw materials for bone items and tools. Beef and horse meat dominated in the settlement residents' diet. Probably, as they consumed horse meat mostly, and never had pork as their meat, they acquired associ- ated ethnic and cultural traditions and religious prohibitions. Determining the season when domestic ungulates were slaughtered showed that people lived there all year round, while livestock was slaughtered more often in warm seasons than in cold ones. The settlement’s life was the most intense in summer and autumn presumably because Podymalovo-1 residents actively interacted with passing trade caravans.
An Increase in The Cross-Section of Two-Photon Absorption of Styrene Dye in Supramolecular Complexes with Cucurbituriles
Authors: Petrov N. H. , Ivanov A. A. , Ivanov D. A. , Fedotov A. B. , Lanin A. А. , Chebotarev A. S.
Published: October 2024

Two-photon absorption cross sections of aqueous solutions of the styryl dye trans-4-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide (DASPI) and its inclusion complexes with cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n] n = 6–8) were measured using fluorescence spectroscopy. A nonmonotonic dependence of the cross-section size on the excitation wavelength and on the cavitand cavity size was found. Compared with a free dye, a sevenfold increase in the two-photon absorption cross section was observed in DASPI inclusion complexes with CB[8] at an excitation wavelength of 980 nm.
Direct One-Stage Plasma Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Thin Films of the System β-Ga2O3-GaN of Different Composition
Authors: Mochalov L. A. , Kudryashova M. A. , Vshivtsev M. A. , Kudryashov Yu. P. , Prokhorov I. O. , Knyazev A. V. , Almaev A. V. , Yakovlev N. N. , Chernikov E. V. , Erzakova N. N.
Published: October 2024

For the first time, nanostructured thin films of the β-Ga2O3−GaN system were obtained by plasma chemical deposition from the gas phase (PECVD) on c-sapphire substrates. High-purity metallic gallium, as well as high-purity gaseous nitrogen and oxygen were used as sources of macro components. The low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma of an inductively coupled HF (40.68 MHz) discharge at a reduced pressure (0.01 Torr) was the initiator of chemical transformations between the starting substances. A mixture of oxygen and nitrogen was used as a plasma-forming gas. The plasma chemical process was studied using the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) method. The obtained thin films of the β-Ga2O3−GaN system with a GaN phase content of 2 to 7% were characterized by various analytical methods.
Simulation of Acetylene Formation from Methane in a Plasma Jet
Authors: Bilera I. V. , Lebedev Yu. A. , Titov A. Yu. , Epstein I. L.
Published: October 2024

This work is devoted to the numerical modeling of the reaction of methane conversion to acetylene under plasma-jet pyrolysis conditions and a comparison of the obtained results with the available experimental data. The calculations were performed within the framework of the ideal plug-flow reactor model for atmospheric pressure. The analysis of the main processes of methane decomposition and acetylene formation was carried out in cases where either hydrogen or methane was used as a plasma-forming gas. The results of calculations of the main products of methane decomposition (hydrogen and acetylene) agree quite well with the experimental data.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗОВНІШНІМ ДЕРЖАВНИМ БОРГОМ
Authors: РАЗІНЬКОВА Міла
Published: October 2024

У статті розглядаються сучасні підходи до трактування сутності поняття «управління зовнішнім державним боргом». Надано авторське визначення поняття «управління зовнішнім державним боргом». Визначено та досліджено сутність ключових структурних елементів системи управління зовнішнім державним боргом. Визначено мету системи управління зовнішнім державним боргом в умовах війни. Виходячи з системи управління зовнішнім державним боргом було виокремлено основні її завдання. Зазначено, що зростання зовнішнього державного боргу може мати негативний вплив на економічну безпеку країни через кілька визначених ключових чинників.
Berührungspunkte von Sozialer Arbeit und Klimawandel
Authors: Liedholz Yannick
Published: October 2024

Der Klimawandel zählt zu den größten sozialen Herausforderungen des 21. Jahrhunderts. Er wirft zwingend Fragen nach Menschenrechten, Postkolonialismus, Gender, Gesundheit und Gerechtigkeit auf und berührt damit Kernthemen der Sozialen Arbeit. Die überarbeitete Auflage liefert anhand des neu entstandenen Klima- und Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurses der Sozialen Arbeit eine erweiterte Einführung zur Thematik. Es wird deutlich, dass die Soziale Arbeit eigene Antworten auf den Klimawandel geben kann.
Utilization of transformer model in multimodal data fusion learning: Cross-modal knowledge transfer in the new generation learning space
Authors: Ma Qing
Published: October 2024

In response to the difficulties in integrating multimodal data and insufficient model generalization ability in traditional cross-modal knowledge transfer, this article used the Transformer model to explore it in the new generation learning space. Firstly, the article analyzed the processing methods of data and models in cross-modal knowledge transfer, and explored the application of Transformer models in the learning space. This model used natural language processing to represent and extract textual features, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) to represent and extract audio features, and Faster R-CNN (Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) to represent and extract image features. The article also discussed the implementation process of the Transformer model functionality. The experiment used data from four datasets, including Quora Question Pairs, to test the performance of the model’s cross-modal knowledge transfer through intelligent question answering and task analysis. In single type data testing, the accuracy and recall of the model in this article were better than the comparison model in the three types of data. The highest accuracy and recall in the test set were 91% and 93%, respectively. In the most challenging multimodal intelligent question answering test, the speech-image question answering method achieved an accuracy rate of 89% in answering open questions, indicating that the model had good multimodal data fusion ability. In the analysis experiment of 6 homework prone knowledge points on images with text annotations, the induction accuracy reached 85%, indicating that the model had strong generalization ability. The experimental results showed that the Transformer model had good cross-modal knowledge transfer performance, providing a reference for subsequent research on cross-modal knowledge transfer in the new generation learning space.
Application of high-performance computing in sustainable energy campus building design
Authors: Chen Zhenna
Published: October 2024

In high-performance computing (HPC) systems, energy and power considerations play an increasingly important role. This work aims to ensure the implementation of China’s green and ecological concepts, respond to China’s strategy of building an environment-friendly and resource-saving society, and actively promote the construction of sustainable development campuses. First, the theoretical basis of sustainable energy campus architecture is described. Next, the teaching feedback model under HPC is constructed. Finally, with the evaluation results of students’ task completion processes and students’ task works as measurement indexes, the corresponding data is collected and comprehensively evaluated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the model. The analysis results indicate that most students are able to complete tasks within two hours; however, their proficiency with multimedia technology is inadequate, and they lack initiative in the learning process. There is a correlation between the overall evaluation of task performance and the students’ level of understanding of the tasks. By implementing a teaching feedback model, students’ learning enthusiasm and the quality of their work improved, providing effective educational support for promoting sustainable development on campus. Overall, the awareness of using computers and other multimedia technologies among students is not strong, and their learning process is relatively closed, with insufficient enthusiasm and initiative. This model can achieve the acquisition, integration, and statistical analysis of teacher feedback information. The model can realize the acquisition, integration, and statistical analysis of teachers’ feedback information. This work hopes to use this learning and feedback mode in practical teaching to address specific problems in computer multimedia courses.
A multi-strategy improved sparrow search algorithm for indoor AGV path planning
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Xiao Jinzhuang , Liu Yingying , Dong Mingxuan , Zhou Zhen
Published: October 2024

To address the problems of weak search ability, easily falling into local optimal solutions and poor path quality of sparrow search algorithm in AGV path planning, a multi-strategy improved sparrow search algorithm (MISSA) is proposed in this paper. MISSA improves the global search ability by improving the discoverer position update operator and introducing the sine cosine algorithm; adopts the adaptive number of vigilantes and adaptive adjustment step size to improve the convergence speed; introduces the Levy flight variation strategy to reduce the probability of falling into any local optimal solution; optimizes the boundary handling mechanism to prevent the loss of population diversity at a later stage; finally, uses the large-scale neighborhood search strategy and path smoothing mechanism for path optimization to further improve the path quality. The superiority-seeking ability of MISSA was verified by 12 standard test functions, and then 30 simulation experiments were conducted in grid maps with two specifications of 20×20 and 30×30. The experimental results showed that, by using MISSA, the path length was reduced by 44.1% and 63.1%, the number of turns was reduced by 68.4% and 78.4%, and the risk degree was reduced by 61.3% and 77.2%, which verifies the superiority of MISSA in path planning. Finally, MISSA was ported to the QBot2e mobile robot for physical verification to prove its feasibility in practical applications.
A Computer vision based system for human detection and automatic people counting
Authors: Curiel Gabriela , Guerrero Kevin , Gómez Diego , Charris Daniela
Published: October 2024

Occupancy control is a fundamental aspect of managing spaces and services effectively. It aims to ensure safety, compliance with regulations, emergency preparedness, and overall satisfaction for individuals and businesses. To align with the described need, this paper presents a computer vision based system for automatic people counting in gates. The system is divided in five stages: video capture, motion analysis, human detection, human tracking and people counting. An RGB camera captures the top-view image of the gate and analyze the change or movement in the objects in scene. When motion is detected, the frame is sent to the object detector, which is a convolutional neural network. Then, a tracking algorithm analyzes the movement patterns of people. According to the route, it is determined whether the person arrives or leaves and the count is updated. Two test scenarios are analyzed: the entry of a public bus and a building gate. The people detection module is tested, showing a mAP of 95.2% and a mean IoU (50%) of 55.9%. Also, the counting is tested showing an average precision of 96.8%, a recall of 92% and an F1-Score of 94.3%. Finally, the system performance is evaluated, showing an average processing time of 34.2 ms and 29.2 FPS.
Construction of new genomes of columnar apple trees in the Russian research institute of fruit crop breeding
Authors: Korneeva S. A. , Sedov E. N. , Yanchuk T. V. , Pikunova A. V. , Lavrusevich N. G.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The article presents data on the creation of new genotypes of columnar apple trees based on interval crossings of the 2x × 4x type using traditional breeding methods and elements of accelerated assessment of hybrid forms using cytoembryological and molecular genetic methods.

Results. Cytological assessment of seedlings obtained from the studied interval crossings of six columnar apple varieties and the selected columnar form 29-35-123 with tetraploid forms 30-47-88 and 25-37-45, which are donors of diploid gametes, showed that seedlings with a triple set of chromosomes prevail and their share is 83.0%. The share of diploids accounts for 17.0%. A comparative assessment of the ploidy of offspring showed that the difference between the yield of triploid seedlings in the offspring of families where different donors of diploid gametes (25-37-45 and 30-47-88) were taken as paternal forms is insignificant. From the tetraploid 30-47-88, 81.7% of triploid offspring were obtained, from 25-37-45 — 91.3%.

The data of molecular genetic analysis confirm that in combinations where both parents have the scab immunity gene, the yield of immune seedlings is high (70,7%) and corresponds to the splitting on this basis in a ratio of 3:1. n families where only one of the parents carries the Rvi6 gene in its genotype (Garland × 25-37-45, 29-35-123 × 25-37-45, Moscow necklace × 30-47-88 and Constellation × 25-37-45) immune seedlings were less common (52%). A unique combination of columnarity, the Rvi6 gene and a triple set of chromosomes in one genotype is characteristic of 23.1% of seedlings.
Detection of morphometric indicators of the soil surface of a grape plantation using spectral bands of satellite images
Authors: Orlov V. A. , Lukyanov A. A. , Mikhailovskaya O. I.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Soils play an important role in the approximately 30-year period of operation of a grape planting, influencing plant growth, their yield and the quality of the grapes. In this study, the morphometric parameters of the surface soil layer of a grape plantation were studied using spectral channels of satellite images.

Methodology. The methodology included the use of a “random forest” algorithm to classify soil cover using spectral channels and normalized satellite image indices and analyze the main physicochemical properties of soils. Accuracy was assessed using RMSD and confidence intervals calculated via bootstrapping.

Results. The study revealed significant differences in the spectral reflectivity of different site options, which was due to carbonate content, humidity levels and the amount of humus. Areas with high carbonate and moisture content showed higher standard deviation values in the spectral channels. Studying the spectral characteristics of the soil surface makes it possible to effectively classify different areas based on remote sensing data. Analysis of combinations of spectral channels revealed an optimal set of three channels (B12, B11, B8A) with a minimum standard deviation when classifying an image into six soil variants of areas. For classification, a composition of five normalized indices can also be used, but in this case the calculation time increases significantly with a larger standard deviation and a larger confidence interval range. Using machine learning, six distinct soil surface types were segmented, demonstrating the complexity of the field›s soil mosaic. These results are critical for improving vineyard management and productivity