bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Northern Temperate Region Of India
Authors: Abdul Ahad Wani  , Abdul Baseer Qadri  , Imran Rangraze  , Aamir Shafi
Published: December 2024

Background: Vitamin D plays an essential role in maintaining skeletal integrity and function among other health benefits. Vitamin D deficiency has a bearing not only on skeletal but also on extra-skeletal diseases. It plays a notable role in contributing to several leading causes of death including cardiovascular disease, cancers and diabetes. We sought the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Kashmir, a northern temperate region of India where it has been previously thought to be omnipresent.
Methods:   This study was conducted across two tertiary care centers namely skims medical college hospital bemina Srinagar and Government medical college Srinagar wherein a total of 4895 patients were included among which 1936 were males and 2959 females. Samples were collected from April to November 2021.Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH) D concentration of <20 ng/ml.Vitamin D insufficiency was defined as 25(OH) D concentration of 20-30 ng/ml, sufficient Vitamin D level was defined as 25(OH) D concentration of 30 - 100 ng/ml and a risk of Vitamin D toxicity was defined as 25(OH) D concentration >100 ng/ml. 
Results: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 1635(33.4%) patients out of which 981(60%) were females and 654(40%) were males. A total of 543(11.09%) patients had severe Vitamin D deficiency out of which 370(68.1%) were females and 173(31.9%) were males. Insufficient Vitamin D levels were seen in 1364(27.86%) patients of which 797(58.4%) were females and 567(41.6%) were males.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is quiet prevalent in Kashmir valley and has been seen more commonly among the females. However it may not be as widely prevalent as has been previously observed in the region.
A Study On Utilization Of Maternal Health Care Services In Urban Slums Of Kurnool City, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: P. Mercy  , P. Sudha Kumari  , B. Renuka
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: Provision of ANC services has a positive impact on pregnancy as it enables identification of risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.it is also used by primary care physicians as a means to educate women about nutrition, breastfeeding, family planning, spacing after childbirth and promote healthy lifestyle. OBJECTIVES:1)To assess the pattern of utilization of maternal health care services. 2) To study the association between socio-demographic factors and maternal health care services utilization in urban slums of Kurnool. Materials and Methods: A Community-based, Cross-sectional study was done among 320 mothers who were residing in urban slums of Kurnool, were selected by Simple Random Sampling Method, Data were collected between April 2023 to July 2023 using semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.RESULTS: Majority of the mother(72.5%) had antenatal registration done in first trimester. 75.9% of mothers had >4 ANC visits,24.1% of mothers had < 4 ANC visits. 98.4% of mothers had received2TT injections.76.9% of mothers had consumed > 100 Iron and Folic acid tablets,23.1% had consumed < 100 Iron and Folic acid tablets. 91.6% of mothers delivered in Government hospital,8.4% delivered in Private hospital. statistically significant relationship was found between education and employment status of mother, economic status of the family with utilization of MCH services. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic development that prioritizes maternal education and women's empowerment can lead to better utilization of MCH Services, which in turn will improve and enhance the use of MCH Services.
A Study To Assess The Satisfaction Level Among The Beneficiaries Of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram In Rural Areas Of Jabalpur District, India.
Authors: Jain Ashish Kumar , Rai Neeraj , Thakur Aditya
Published: December 2024

Introduction- The satisfaction derived from utilizing JSSK services underscores its pivotal role in transforming the healthcare landscape for millions of women and children in India. At its core, the program embodies the fundamental principle that every individual has the right to access quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Objective: To find out the Satisfaction level among the beneficiaries of JSSK in Jabalpur district.    Methods- It was a descriptive Cross-sectional study done in the rural areas of Jabalpur district. A sample of 385 was acquired using the formula z2pq/l2. Multistage random sampling was used for selection of study participants. House to house visit was conducted to collect data using predesigned, pretested semi-structured questionnaire regarding satisfaction on using services of JSSK and Behaviour among the support staff. Results- The present study observed that out of total more than half of the study participants were satisfied with utilization of various JSSK entitlements whereas about one third of them expressed dissatisfaction with the services. About half of the study participants were satisfied regarding supporting services and behaviour of hospital staff. Conclusion- A robust monitoring and feedback mechanisms should be enabled in order to track the continuous improvement and responsiveness to the evolving needs and preferences of beneficiaries, which will further enhance the satisfaction levels.
Clinical Study of Lipid Profile in Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Tertiary care Center
Authors: Thimmineni Haritha  , Sanjaykumar Kaminwar  , Anish Reddy P  , Eshwaraiah Vanaparthy  , Sunil Chowdary M
Published: December 2024

Background: Stroke caused by Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has high mortality rate. Among various risk factors for ICH, hypertension is the most important factor. Certain population studies have reported a paradox of inverse association between serum cholesterol and risk of ICH.
Aims and objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the serum lipid profile total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low density cholesterol (LDL-C) in intracerebral haemorrhage patients and look for correlation.
Methods: 50 patients with ICH admitted in Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study design was a hospital based observational clinical study. History, clinical examination and investigations (CT & MRI Brain and basic blood biochemistry with serum lipid profile) were collected and the data were analysed statistically.
Results: Majority of the ICH patients in our study were >55 years and were males. The total serum cholesterol was < 200mg/dl in 72 % of our patients, with a mean of 168.09 ±43.74mg%. Serum triglyceride level was patients, with mean of 108.26±43.31mg%. HDL-C was < 40 mg/dl in 76% of patients and VLDL-C was < 30mg/dl in 72% patients. The various lipid fractions observed were found to be low in majority of our ICH patients (p value < 0.05), suggesting a negative association between the two. The results obtained were comparable to other similar studies.
Conclusion: Majority of intracerebral haemorrhage patients in our study had lower levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C. Whether the inverse association between serum lipid levels and ICH is a true causal association or only by chance due to other common confounding factors needs to be evaluated with large scale studies.
Drug Utilization Pattern In Dermatology: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Prescription Trends And Patient Management In Dermatological Outpatient Department
Authors: Asida Mohamed Ashraf  , Reshmi Subramaniam  , Revathi Rajkumar  , Manju L
Published: December 2024

Background:
Drug utilization
Understanding the patterns of drug utilization is essential for optimizing patient management in Dermatology Outpatient Departments (OPD). This study presents a comprehensive analysis of prescription trends and patient management practices in Dermatology OPD, with a specific focus on drug utilization patterns.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the  Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care center in  322 patients. Data were collected through  observations and the review of  health records. The study investigates prescription trends, drug utilization patterns, and drug formulations used, considering various dermatological conditions.
Results and conclusions
Prescription trends are examined in terms of medication classes, dosage regimens, and treatment durations.This study sheds light on the patterns of drug utilization patterns in Dermatology OPD, offering a foundation for evidence-based decision-making in patient care.Males(59.93%) outnumbered females in health seeking behavior ,tinea (10.9%) was the most commonly reported condition and antihistaminincs(17.57%) were the most prescribed drugs followed by antifungal drugs (8.5%).Total number of drugs prescribed were 1070.Average number of drugs per prescription is 3.32, percentage of prescriptions with antibiotics and injections were 21.1% and 1.55% respectively.These findings are significant in optimizing prescription practices, enhancing patient outcomes, and guiding future research in dermatological therapeutics.
Silver Diamine Fluoride: Overcoming The Traditional Drill And Fill Technique In Children
Authors: Naryal Nitika , Vinay Bhardwaj  , Shailee Fotedar  , Arun Singh Thakur  , Shelja Vashisth
Published: December 2024

Dental caries is a chronic, bacterial, multi-factorial dynamic process and remains a significant public health problem in children. Treatment of dental caries can be very challenging for the dentist, especially in young children. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) offers a non-invasive alternative for managing dental caries in children, revolutionizing traditional drill and fill technique. Its unique properties, including antimicrobial activity, remineralization potential, and desensitizing effects, make it a versatile and effective agent for addressing carious lesions and improving oral health outcomes. Plenty of clinical evidence is available including many in-vivo and in-vitro studies that have demonstrated the successful use of SDF in preventive and curative aspects of clinical dentistry. While SDF offers significant benefits, dental professionals should carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits and adhere to recommended protocols to ensure safe and effective use. With the ongoing research and advancements in SDF, it continues to hold promise as a key component of preventive and restorative dentistry strategies aimed at improving oral health and reducing the burden of dental caries worldwide.
Prevalence Of Oral Cancer OPMDS In Patients Visiting A Tertiary Care Centre In West Bengal – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abhishek  Ghosh  , Rudra Prasad Chatterjee  , Santanu Sen Roy  , Sanjeet Kumar Das
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Oral Cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world. Most of these oral cancers develop from pre-existing Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), previously known as pre-malignant lesions and conditions.  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence & clinico-epidemiological parameters in patients with Oral Cancer and OPMDs visiting a tertiary care hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital based cross sectional study.  The patients attending the outpatient department of this tertiary care hospital  were selected after thorough clinical screening with a view to detect the presence OPMDs and OSCC. After obtaining written informed consent, all the details including habit history were recorded in a specially prepared clinical record sheet through active interrogation and proper clinical examination. This data were tabulated  in the excel sheet to facilitate further statistical analysis.
RESULTS: Fourth and fifth decades are the most prevalent age groups for development of Oral Cancer & OPMDs when considered together. OSMF was more prevalent in relatively younger age group of 20 to 29 years, with an increasing prevalence among women. All three forms of oral habits i.e. tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol drinking are prevalent among males; whereas females have prevalent habit of smokeless tobacco. Cheek and tongue were the prevalent sites for development of lesions.
CONCLUSION: The study shows the association between OPMDs & oral cancer with various epidemiological and habit parameters along with relative prevalence; which may help the policy makers to identify the target population and frame appropriate preventive policies.
Assessment Of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease On Dialysis Attending Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Single Centre Study
Authors: Jarupula Akanksh  , Surada Chandrika  , A. Krishnaveni
Published: December 2024

Background:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) poses a growing public health concern, affecting up to 10% of adults worldwide.
Aim & Objective:
This study aims to assess psychiatric morbidities and associated risk factors among chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methodology:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 cases, both male and female patients diagnosed with Chronic kidney disease attending Dialysis Center of the General Medicine Department in a tertiary care hospital within the age group of 18 to 60 years. A systemic randomized technique was employed for patient selection, involving every second CKD patient. After obtaining permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee and Informed written consent from participants, a pretested questionnaire was administered. Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS software.
Results:
In this study 24% of participants found with mild depression, 25% had moderate, 17% had severe depression and 13% had very severe depression. Additionally, 14% with mild anxiety, 23% had mild to moderate anxiety, and 20% had moderate to severe anxiety.
Conclusion:
The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among CKD patients undergoing dialysis was found to be 79% and 57% respectively.
Prevalence Of Protein Energy Undernutrition Andselected Micronutrient Deficiency Manifestations Among School Children In Ariyur,Puducherry– A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Arunan  , J.Barathalakshmi  , J.Thamizhmathi
Published: December 2024

Background:
India is the largest contributor of undernourished people in the world with around 14.37% of its population not receiving enough nutrition.The prevalence of malnutrition was 46.8%. Nutritional deficiencies in India contributed to about 0.5% of all deaths.This study,helps us to determine the prevalence and risk factors  of protein energy undernutrition and specific micronutrient deficiency among school going children in a selected school of Puducherry.
Methods:
This is a cross sectional study conducted in school going children studying 5th to 10th standard in government and private high school in Puducherry. After getting consent from the parents, in-person interview was conducted, anthropometric measurement and head-to-toe examinations were done
Results:
Among 428 participants, 28.7%, 15.2%, 11.4%,0.7%, 13.1%,1.9%0.7%1.4%, 9.6%,9.6% 53% has Anemia, Riboflavin deficiency, vitamin C, Iodine, Fluoride excess, Fluoride deficiency, Zinc, Calcium and Essential fatty acids respectively. Among 428 participants, 56.1%, 8.4% were moderately stunted and severe stunted respectively. It was noted that height for age was statistically significant with Sex and age (p value <  0.05).
Conclusions:
Early detection of protein energy deficiency and nutritional deficiencies will aid in the development of our country in many ways since youngsters are the future foundations of our society.
Effect of Trataka Kriyaon Selected Psychological Parameters in School Teachers During the COVID- 19 Pandemic Situation- A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bhogal Ranjeet Singh , Pathak Satish Dattatraya  , Rajbhoj Pratibha Hemant
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
The present study focused on investigating the impact of Trataka on stress-related ailments associated with online teaching and lockdown conditions among school teachers. The main objective of the study is to assess the effect of regular Trataka Kriya practice on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Self-Perception, Parental Stress, Mental Well Being and Occupational Stress in School Teachers during the COVID- 19 Pandemic.
Methods:
The present study is a two-arm, randomized controlled trial. Both male and female teachers of age ranging from 35 to 50 Yrs., having no health complications, as well as, those not practicing Trataka Kriya routinely, were enrolled in the study. The study volunteers matched in respect of age and gender, were then divided into an experimental (n= 52) and a wait-listed control group (n= 52) with the help of Block Randomization method. Of the 104 teachers selected for the study, 68 completed the entire protocol. Data were collected at two time points at pre-testing (T0) and post-testing (T1).
Results:
Results showed a significant reduction in perceived stress (p = 0.003), generalized anxiety (p = 0.006), parental stress (p < 0.0001), and occupational stress index (p <0.0001) in the experimental group. The experimental group results also showed significant improvement in self-perception (p <0.0001), mental well-being (p <0.0001) and sleep quality (p = 0.054).
Conclusion:
Trataka Kriya practice has shown to significantly improve mental well-being, self-perception, and reduce anxiety and stress levels among school teachers.
Sleep Quality Among Interns In A Tertiary Care Centre In Kanyakumari District – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Renju Y  , Jayasree C.S  , Vishnu G Ashok  , Vaisakh G.T  , Sakthi Priya  , Vyshali  , Liji Anna Varghese
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Good quality sleep is important in order to have better cognitive performance and avoid health problems. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the  Sleep quality among M.B.B.S interns in a tertiary care centre.2. To find the Correlation between Body Mass Index and Sleep quality.
METHODOLOGY: A Cross sectional study was conducted among Interns of a teritiary care centre southern Tamilnadu in the month of April 2023 and the sleep quality was assessed by using Sleep Quality Scale. Date were collected after Ethics Committee clearance and entered in MS Excel  and analysed using SPSS. The Correlation between BMI and Sleep quality were analysed. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 24.03 among them 34.8% were males and 65.2% were females. Mean BMI of the participants was 22 with the minimum BMI of 17 and the maximum BMI of 35. Mean total score was 34.93 with the minimum score of 8 and the maximum score of 64. There is weak correlation between BMI and Sleep quality.
CONCLUSION: Optimal level of balance between training and adequate sleep is important in residency programmes. Our study indicates that there is no relationship between BMI and sleep quality among M.B.B.S interns in Kanyakumari district.
Prevalence and Patterns of Non-Doctor Prescription Practices in Urban Field Practice Area of Dharwad
Authors: V S Arpitha , Patil Pushpa S
Published: December 2024

Background: The dearth of quality of care in many tribal and remote rural areas of the country has led to non-doctor prescription practices. Non-qualified personnel prescribing can result in drug resistance and wrong use of drugs.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and patterns of non-doctor prescription practices in Urban field practice area of SDMCMSH, Dharwad
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adults of urban field practice area, SDMCMSH, Dharwad. An estimated sample size of 335 was selected using systematic random sampling. All eligible subjects were interviewed through pre-tested questionnaire.
Results: The prevalence of non-doctor prescription practices was 42 (12.5%). Herbal practitioners 16 (38.09%) and nurses 12 (28.57%) were major non-doctors prescribing in community. Faith 13 (30.95%) and easy accessibility 7 (16.66%) were the reasons for consulting non-doctor.
Conclusion: Around one in ten adults seek non-doctor for consultation. Herbal remedies were also prescribed along with allopathic medicine. Non-accessibility and non-availability of qualified doctors can increase this practice in near future.
Association Between Different Type Of Addictions And Oral Cancer: A Case Control Study In Sonipat District Of Haryana
Authors: Jashanpreet Singh  , Deepika Kataria  , Babita Rani  , Sarita Yadav  , Uma Garg  , Parveen Rana Kundu
Published: December 2024

Background: The incidence of oral cancer is increasing day by day in both males and females with increased smoking. The early-age of onset of consumption, duration of use, frequency of chewing of tobacco, bidis or smoked cigarettes and drinking alcohol on a daily basis are strongly linked to oral cancer.
Methods: The study included 86 cases of oral cancer aged 18 years and above and 86 controls. Consecutive cases were taken. After taking written consent interview was conducted. Categorical variables were presented in the form of frequency and proportions while continuous variables as mean and standard deviation. Statistical significance was attained when the p-value was < 0.05.
Results: The findings indicate that mean age for cases was 52.74±5.21 years. We found significant risk factors for oral cancer in relation to various habits like:  passive smoking; cigarette use and age of its initiation; bidi use and age of its initiation; hookah use and age of its initiation; usage of smokeless tobacco products, age of their initiation and the type used, alcohol use, age of its initiation, type and amount of alcohol consumed.
Conclusion:  To mitigate the increasing incidence of oral cancer in India, extensive public education campaigns and health promotion tactics targeting alcohol and tobacco use must be put into place.
Morbidity Profile of Workers in a Sponge Iron Industry in Goa: A Retrospective Record-based Study
Authors: Vishal K.K  , Nadia Nirmala De St Roque Godinho  , Jagadish A. Cacodcar  , Jose Dhanya
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The Sponge iron industries are categorized as red industries (i.e. highly polluted industries) with the major pollutants including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants, the toxic effects of which are often rapid. Prolonged exposure to such pollutants leads to obstructive lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive respiratory disease. The current study aims to assess the morbidities prevalent among the workers in the Sponge iron industry in Goa and help them minimize those with suitable measures. 
Objective
To study the morbidity profile of workers in a Sponge iron industry in Goa. 
Materials and Methods
A retrospective record-based study was conducted on 217 workers. Selected health parameters were studied: socio-demographic details, anthropometry, blood pressure, serum Creatinine, Total cholesterol, vision tests, ECG, Spirometry, urine microscopy, and audiometry readings. 
Results
Among the 217 workers that were studied, 8% had Hypertension, 40% workers had a refractive error, 31% had Dyslipidemia, 14.7% had mild restriction, 0.9% had moderate restriction, and 1.3% had a severe restriction in Spirometry testing, 10.1% had elevated Creatinine, 2.7% had mild to moderate hearing loss, 0.9% had changes in ECG and was referred to do echo.
Conclusion 
The study revealed that the conditions of employment had caused numerous comorbidities among the sponge iron industry workers, several of which had spirometry restrictions suggesting pulmonary changes, which may lead to eventual respiratory deterioration and the advent of diseases such as COPD. The study revealed issues about overall health parameters, including but not limited to other intricate issues.  Consequently, further tests will have to be conducted along with the use of protective equipment to reduce and limit the effects of such occupational outcomes.
A Retrospective Analysis of Assault Admissions at a Regional Medical College in Jharkhand: Examining Factors that Impact Patient Outcome
Authors: Rana Sumegha , Vivek Bhasker  , Rana Rishabh Kumar , Choudhary Ajay Kumar , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background:
Assault admissions pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Understanding factors influencing surgical intervention for assault victims can improve resource allocation and patient care. This study aims to analyze a large dataset of assault admissions at a regional medical college to identify factors associated with surgical management.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of admissions at Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College (SBMCH), Hazaribag, Jharkhand  India, between Jan 2023 and December 2023. We reviewed data for over 4,000 admissions and identified 1,339 cases admitted due to assault-related injuries. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between potential predictors (age category, length of stay, time of admission, and gender) and the likelihood of requiring surgical intervention. SPSS v29.0 was used while a p value of <0.05 was considered as of statistical significance. 
Result:
Assault admissions constituted approximately 30% of the total admissions during the study period. Time of admission significantly impacted the need for surgery. Patients admitted later (off-hours/) had slightly higher odds of requiring referrals. Gender also emerged as a significant predictor. Age category and length of stay did not show statistically significant associations with surgical intervention.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the high prevalence of assault admissions and the potential influence of time of admission and gender on surgical management. Additionally, the high referral rate to higher centers suggests a need for increased access to neurosurgical services within the region.  The challenge of patients leaving against medical advice (LAMA) warrants further investigation. Future research should explore specific injury types requiring surgery and potential gender differences in assault injuries.
Library Resources and Services Usage by Undergraduate and Post Graduate Medical Students of a Medical College in Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ankit Bonde  , Kulkarni Surendra , Sanjeev Chincholikar
Published: December 2024

Background: As medical science is a continuously advancing discipline, use of the medical library by students is very important for updating their knowledge and competence. Objectives: To study the pattern of library usage by undergraduate and postgraduate medical   students and to compare library utilization across academic years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among undergraduate and post graduate students in a medical college. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Total 250 students (231 undergraduate and 19 post graduate students) participated in the study. 34% of undergraduate and 21% post graduate students were found visiting library daily. Increasing trend was observed in daily visits of the students as academic years progress. Students spent significantly more time during examination days in the library as compared to usual days. The primary reason for visiting the library was to prepare for the examination. 73.20% students reported that recent editions of books and journals were available in library. Most of the students were satisfied about the library services. Conclusion: Students are utilizing library facilities and services to a great extent but still there is a need to sensitize students to use library for activities such as research, reading recent journals, preparation of seminar.
Clinical And Socio-Demographic Profile Of Chidren Aged 6-59 Month With Severe Acute Malnutrition Presenting In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Nuh, Haryana
Authors: Yadav Meetu , Kumar Pawan , Singh Maha , Chawla Suraj , Tank Priyanka
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition adversely affects achievement of all the milestones namely motor, sensory, cognitive and social.
Methods: The records of 150 patients with severe acute malnutrition over a period of one year (July 2022-July 2023) were reviewed, and a statistical comparison of various variables were made.
Results: As per study,  mean weight(kg) 7.48 ± 2.02, mostly i.e.78.67% were having weight <-3 SD. Mean height or length(cm) was  77.5 ± 11.14 ,majority was in between 2SD to -3SD i.e. 48.00%, MUAC was < 11.5 among 123 (82%), 11.6-12.5 among 10 (6.67%), 12.6-13.5 among 17 (11.33%).There were 41.33% males and 58.67% females.Of study population, Birth order was 1st among 9 (6.0%), 2nd among 11 (7.33%), 3rd among 38 (25.33%) and 4th and above among 92 (61.34%) subjects with a mean of 4.05± 1.52.Among my study most of children were mixed Feeding 53.34%,while only 13.33% were Exclusive breast feed while 33.33% were Top feed .Immunization was Complete among 10.67%, Incomplete among 62.67% and Unimmunized among 26.67% subjects. Pedal Edema was present among 44 (29.33%) subjects and absent in 106(70.67%).The presenting complaint reported were anemia (38.67%), pneumonia (26.67%), acute gastroenteritis (12.67%), hypoglycemia (10.00%), Dehydration (8.0%) and UTI (4.00%) and most common presenting complication wasanemia (80%), followed by pneumonia (52%), acute gastroenteritis (34.00%), dehydration (29.67%), Lethargy/hypoglycaemia (30%), meningitis (8.00%), tuberculosis(5.33%)and  UTI (4.00%)As per my study, complication are more severe unvaccinated children, however effect is statistically insignificant (p> 0.05)
Conclusion:  SAM was most common in 13-24 months age group and with increasing age, a lesser proportion of children were affected with SAM. There was a strong correlation between adverse outcomes and dietary risk factors such as the length of time spent nursing exclusively, using a bottle, and delaying the introduction of supplementary foods. Most common co-morbidities were anaemia and pneumonia.
Gaps and Challenges in Implementing NTEP at Field Level in Tribal Areas Through GIS Technology
Authors: C. Rajyalakshmi  , V.B. Srividya  , Chaitanya Gujjarlapudi  , Kuppli Sai Sushma  , Likhita Alajangi  , Midhulasri kukkapalli
Published: December 2024

Objective: Tribal population, because of their limited access to quality TB services and increased risk of TB due to biological and behavioural factors, are categorized as "key population groups" for TB . There are many established gaps in NTEP delivery in tribal areas. Using GIS mapping will help understand and address most of these challenges. Hence, the present study aims to find out the gaps in NTEP implementation among tribal populations using GIS technology.
Methodology: This is a Community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Paderu area, Alluri Sita Rama Raju (ASR) District, a tribal area near Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh state. Under Paderu TU, there are three PHCs: G madugula, Minimuluru, and Gemmili. All the patients registered for Tuberculosis during the second (April-June) and third (July-September) quarters of 2022 in the study area were included in the present study.
Results: Out of 61 cases, the follow-up visits were hindering among 70% of patients. Nearly half of the cases were located beyond 5kms radius from the health facility, hindering the access and utilisation of health services. 91.5% of the patients did not receive voice messages or calls regarding health education for compliance with drugs. All patients did not receive DBT for 1year. 20% of the patients expressed concerns related to cultural factors like forbidding them from some food items and associated stigma by restricting them from attending school.
Conclusion: The identified gaps were interconnected and require comprehensive solutions. Factors such as stigma and cultural beliefs, will require more time to overcome.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Domestic Violence and its Effect among Women whose Spouses Indulge in Substance Abuse
Authors: Aditi Lalotra  , Akanksha Verma  , Akriti Devi  , Akshita Anand  , Anjali Billowria  , Shailla Cannie  , Neha Bharti
Published: December 2024

Domestic violence, characterized by a pattern of assault and coercive behavior, poses a significant threat to the safety and well-being of intimate partners, with women being disproportionately affected. In recent times, the issue of domestic violence has become more pronounced among women whose spouses engage in substance abuse. The main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence and its effects among women whose spouses indulge in substance abuse, with the intention of providing an informational booklet. A non-experimental approach with convenient sampling was employed, and data were collected using the WHO (World Health Organization) questionnaire module including 46 questions. The study was conducted in Narwal, Jammu, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The results revealed a concerning prevalence of domestic violence, with 61% of subjects experiencing moderate violence, additionally, it was noted that a massive number of subjects were not seeking proper help, with only 40% seeking legal help and 20% each seeking help from the police or resorting to physical retaliation against domestic violence. Furthermore, the study found no significant association between women's education levels and autonomy, as shown by p-values of 0.276 and 0.095 for social support and property ownership, respectively. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions and support services to address the complex dynamics of domestic violence among women affected by substance abuse within marital relationships.
Awareness Of Occupational Health Hazards Practice of Safety Measures Among Construction Workers in Rewa City
Authors: Sharma Shikhar , Sharma Anshuman , Singh Sandeep , Rai Anamika , Marathe Neera , Jain Chakresh , Namdeo Priyanshi
Published: December 2024

Context/Background: Occupational hazards refer to potential risks and dangers that exist in the workplace, which can harm the health, safety, and well-being of workers. Understanding and managing occupational hazards is necessary to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for employees.
Aims/Objectives: The study is aimed at studying the demographic profile of the construction workers, awareness and knowledge regarding occupational health problems, occupational safety, and practices of occupational safety measures.
Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in various construction projects of unorganized sector in Rewa City. About 180 construction site workers were included in the study. 14 construction sites in Rewa city were identified and randomly 13 construction workers from each site were selected by simple random sampling. Managers/supervisors of the selected projects were contacted, and data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire from construction workers giving consent to participate in the study.
Conclusions: From the study, it is evident that it is essential to come up with measures that can create awareness among the construction workers on the importance of safety measures and preventions. To improve the safety of construction workers, it is necessary to identify certain factors that are essential to safety practice, be it education or personal behavior.
Awareness about Menstrual Cups and Hygiene amongst Undergraduate Medical Students of Government Medical College of Central India
Authors: Ayushi Shrivastava  , Satish Saroshe  , Vijay Khare  , Shivam Dixit
Published: December 2024

Background: Menstrual hygiene management is a critical component of women's health, and it is imperative that medical students, future healthcare providers, possess a comprehensive understanding of menstrual cups.They have emerged as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional menstrual hygiene products. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge about menstrual cups and menstrual hygiene among medical students.
Material & Methods:A pre and post intervention study was conducted among female undergraduate medical students to assess their baseline knowledge and awareness of menstrual cups and menstrual hygiene. Subsequently, a targeted educational intervention, consisting of educational session and post-intervention assessment was conducted to assess changes in awareness.
Results:Majority were from 1st professional year and between age group 18-25 years. The impact of educational intervention can be assessed by the knowledge about menstrual cups being readily available at pharmacies which has also improved from 29.7% pre-intervention to 89.8% post-intervention, showing a significant improvement in knowledge(p<0.05). The knowledge about menstrual cups being easy to use and acceptable had also increased from 32% to 86.7% post-intervention, showing a significant improvement in knowledge (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study emphasises the significance of empowering the medical students to be advocates for improved menstrual hygiene practices. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to promote menstrual health and hygiene in India and underscore the need for further research and interventions in this crucial area of public health.
A Cross Sectional Study On Prevalence And Risk Factors For Low Birth Weight Babies In South India
Authors: P. Sudha Kumari  , B.Renuka  , P. Kaavya
Published: December 2024

Background : Low birth weight continues to be a significant public health problem globally and is associated with a range of both short and long term consequences. 
Objectives : 1.To estimate the prevalence of low birth weight babies delivered in GGH, Kurnool. 2. To find out the association of risk factors in low birth weight babies.
Methods : An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in GGH, Kurnool, Andhra pradesh. Prevalence of low birth weight, exposure to different risk factors was recorded using a preformed questionnaire. 
Results : Low birth weight is present in 17.8% of the babies of the study group. Half of the mothers birth conception interval was less than 3 years. 99% of the mothers had morethan 4 antenatal visits and they are taking IFA Tablets. Occupation of the mother, height of the mother, weight gain during pregnancy, history of infections malaria, dengue were significantly associated and important determinants of low birth weight.
Conclusion : Imparting health and nutrition education by health functionaries to antenatal mothers and early detection of high risk pregnancy and timely referral to higher institution will reduce the LBW problem
Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice In Hospital Waste Management Among Health Care Professionals In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Kurnool,Andhra Pradesh
Authors: K. Suma  , P. Sudha Kumari  , B. Renuka
Published: December 2024

Background:
 Enormous amounts of biomedical waste is generated in our country daily, contains hazardous and infectious materials. It is vital that healthcare professionals has correct knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding biomedical waste management.
Objectives:
To assess knowledge, attitudes and practices among doctors, interns, nurses and laboratory technicians regarding biomedical waste management in a tertiary care hospital in south India.
Materials and methods:
 A questionnaire-based cross sectional study was conducted among 150 doctors, 60 interns, 50 nurses and 50 laboratory technicians  in government general Hospital in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, South India.
Results:
Good Knowledge was observed among 135 (90.0%) doctors, 30 (60.0%) laboratory technicians, 29 (58.0%)   nurses followed by 35(58.3%) interns, which is statistically significant. Good attitude was shown by 133 (88.7%) doctors, 33 (66.0%) nurses, 26 (52.0%) laboratory technicians, followed by 30 (50.0%) interns and the difference is statistically significant. Good Practices were followed among 134(89.3%) doctors , 30(60%) nurses, 30 (60%) laboratory technicians and 35 (58.3%) interns, which is statistically significant.
Conclusions:
Overall, knowledge, attitudes, and practices were better among the doctors and nurses  than among the  interns and laboratory technicians .
Anthropometric Assessment of Children (1-6 Years) Attending Anganwadi in Rural Field Practice Area of Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi.
Authors: Pavan S Kalasker  , Kuldeep J Dabade  , Dayalaxmi T Shedole  , Shivanand
Published: December 2024

Context/Background: Undernutrition is conventionally assessed by prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting. These methods even though widely used, do not give single measure of assessment of undernutrition. CIAF (Composite measure of anthropometer failure) gives single, comprehensive figure, as it identifies all the children experiencing anthropometric failure. Stunting Index, Underweight Index and Wasting index further identifies severity of individual parameter in relation to total undernutrition.
Aims/Objectives:  To estimate prevalence of undernutrition among 1–6-year children by conventional methods like stunting, underweight and wasting along with other methods like CIAF and anthropometric indices like Stunting Index (SI), Underweight Index (UI) and Wasting Index (WI).
Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 206 children belonging to 5 anganwadi centres in rural field practice area of department of community Medicine, GIMS Kalaburagi Karnataka.
Results: Overall prevalence of stunting was 51.9%, underweight was 35% and wasting was 20%. CIAF (Composite Index of Anthropometric failure) was 65.5%. Stunting Index, Underweight Index and Wasting Index was 0.79, 0.53 and 0.30 respectively. Stunting was widely prevalent among boys and girls suffered more from wasting and underweight.
Conclusions: CIAF should be widely used in assessing undernutrition in community along with Anthropometric Indices.
Period Poverty among Females in Reproductive Age Group of Lucknow: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Swati Singh  , Rajesh Kunwar  , Meghna Athwani
Published: December 2024

Background: Period poverty or inadequate access of menstrual hygiene and education can be debilitating to women of reproductive age. The objective of present study was to have an insight into period poverty as well as determine association between last-year period poverty, menstrual knowledge and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) with socio-demographic variables.
Methods: This analytical study was cross-sectional in design included females of reproductive age (20-49 years). Study was carried at a primary health centre in urban Lucknow.Data was collected onapre-validated semi-structured questionnaire. The data was collected and entered in M.S Excel. Chi‑square was applied for analysis.
Results: Prevalence of last year period poverty, poor menstrual knowledge and poor menstrual hygiene management was 29.7%, 17.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Significant association exists between period poverty and socio-demographic variables.
Conclusion: Period poverty continues to be a challenging issue among females of reproductive age group. Increasing awareness about menstrual hygiene and MHM practices, and taking action to ensure adequate supply of period product is need of the hour.
Depression Among Elderly In A Rural Area Of Tamilnadu – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: M Malai Ammal , M Vijayalakshmi
Published: December 2024

Background:
Depression is a common problem in older adults but it is not a part of normal ageing process. According to Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1% to 5% of the general elderly population are affected by depression. It is often misdiagnosed as many of its symptoms mimic normal age related issues. Depression in older adults may affect their daily activities, reduces their quality of life and increases their suicidal risk. Hence this study is conducted to assess prevalence of depression among elderly people in a rural population.
Methods:
A community based cross sectional study was conducted in a rural area of Tamilnadu among elderly people aged 60 and above using a semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic details and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)- Short Form after obtaining informed consent from the participants.
Conclusion:
Among 166 participants, 42.8% had depression. Depression was more prevalent in elderly who were 80 years and above, female participants, who were economically dependent on others, living alone and widowed/separated. Depression has to be diagnosed early and promptly treated to prevent adverse outcomes.
A Study To Assess The Perception, Acceptance And Satisfaction Regarding Postpartum Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device Services In A Tertiary Care Hospital In A Coastal District Of Karnataka.
Authors: A R Rachana , Undi Malatesh , Latha K G  , K Swetha
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Unintended pregnancy is an important public health issue in developing countries like India because of its association with adverse social and health outcomes. Family planning enables women to achieve healthy spacing between births and reduces maternal and child mortality by 10%. Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) is effective immediately after insertion and provides very effective, safe and long-term –yet reversible protection from pregnancy. Postpartum IUCD insertion has a higher rate of retention.
Objective
To assess the perception, acceptance and satisfaction regarding postpartum IUCD services among the women delivering in a tertiary care hospital in the coastal district of Karnataka.
Materials and Methods
An observational cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling method was conducted in the coastal district of Karnataka for a period of 2months with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire by interview technique. Data was compiled in Microsoft Excel, validated and analysed using statistical software: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.
Results
198 women were counselled for PPIUCD insertion, only 38.39% gave consent and 26.76% actually got inserted PPIUCD. The reasons for non-acceptance were fear of complications (11.98%), no familial support (9.15%) and using other contraceptive methods (35.85%). Factors like education status, Socio-Economic Status (SES), parity and previous use were positively correlated with acceptance of PPIUCD. No immediate complications were reported.
Conclusion
The PPIUCD has proven to be a useful long-term contraceptive method that is safe, effective, and useful for decreasing family size and spacing out births. Even though they are well aware of PPIUCD, they are hesitant to adopt it. Effective counselling can tackle these issues by clearing all the confusion.