bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-linking of Gelatin with Epichlorohydrin in a Sodium-Acetate-Trihydrate/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent System
Authors: Cui Yuming , He Min , Dai Rui , Chen Hui , Wang Yanqing
Published: December 2023

To improve the cross-linking efficiency of gelatin molecules, sodium acetate trihydrate/urea deep eutectic solvent with 30% water (SAT/U-DES30W, based on DES weight) was proposed as the solvent of gelatin in this paper. The system could overcome the gelation effect of gelatin at low temperature and expose more active groups of gelatin molecules, resulting in better cross-linking effect. Firstly, the optimal reaction concentration of epichlorohydrin (ECH) was determined by boiling water solubility of cross-linking products, and the cross-linking efficiency of gelatin under two systems was judged together with the Glass transition temperature method. Secondly, the water resistance of the cross-linked product was investigated by swelling capacity and water contact angle. The water absorption rate of GEW and GEDES decreased from 4614% to 1500% and 929% at 12 h, respectively, and the water contact angle also obviously decreased, indicating that the cross-linking efficiency of gelatin under DES system was higher. Finally, the cross-linking mechanism of gelatin and ECH were discussed and it was found the thermal stability of GEDES was significantly improved, which would provide a theoretical basis for gelatin-based materials.
Root Cause Analysis of Color Migration in Footwear
Authors: Mandal Sujata , Banothu Ravi , Mohan R. , Sreeram K.J.
Published: December 2023

The phenomena of migration and/or bleeding of colorants are one of the major concerns for the footwear and leather goods industries. The migration/bleeding of the colorants from one component to the other has been observed in many cases that spoil the aesthetics of the product, which in turn leads to economic loss for the industries. In this research article, a typical case of color migration in leather footwear has been studied in depth for root-cause analysis of the migration problem. The leather used in the shoe upper (affected due to migration), the lining fabric, and the adhesive used in making the footwear were characterized by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The FTIR-ATR study revealed that the leather was finished with polyurethane-based coating, the lining fabric used was an aromatic polyester and the adhesive was natural rubber-based adhesive. Though the lining fabric was colorfast to rubbing, it released color in all the organic solvents generally used in natural rubber-based adhesive. Migration studies showed that migration of the colorant (black) from the lining material to the leather (white) happened only in the presence of the adhesive. In conclusion, the organic solvent present in the adhesive used in making the footwear was responsible for the color migration from the lining material to the attached leather. Finally, recommendations have also been made to avoid such problems of color migration in products made from a variety of multiple fabrics.
Region Wise Surface Level Defect Detection and Ranking of Crust Leather Images Based on Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Vasagam S. Nithiyanantha , Sornam M.
Published: December 2023

Sorting and aligning of crust leather for grading on position wise defect distribution is one of the methods adopted in the tanning industry. This method is generally carried out manually by a veteran on official sampling position and their input is critical because it is directly linked to sales of the crust leather. The opinion of the experts is believed to be stable and consumes a good amount of time too. Hence, in the current research a robust defect detection method and ranking of crust leather images based on image processing techniques is proposed to give a stable solution in a short span of time. A custom-made dataset of crust leather images consisting of 5640 images were used in this study. The pixel intensity has been extracted on demarcated position of various regions including neck, belly left, belly right, center and butt instead of official sampling position through horizontal and vertical mapping of coordinates with a new method Grading Score on Image Position wise (GSIP) on the actual images. The image processing techniques using Canny Edge Detection and filters such as Laplacian, Median, Prewitt, Roberts, Sobel and Scharr were implemented to get the pixel intensity grouped and classified based on parameters within acceptable range using a Naïve Bayes Classifier. The classifier confirms that the accuracy of Set I - Actual Images and Set II - Defects with implementation of canny edge detection over other image processing techniques at 99.50%. Therefore, the current research confirms that the proposed GSIP method would give an additional tool to inspectors while ranking the crust leather based on region wise surface level defect detection of crust leather images based on image processing techniques.
Resource Utilization of Bovine Hair Recycling from Enzymatic Unhairing during Leather Manufacturing
Authors: Liu Ting , Zhang Chunxiao , Zhang Xu , Peng Biyu , Gao Mengchun
Published: December 2023

With the development of enzymatic unhairing technology in the leather industry, enhancing the recycling of bovine hair is a new issue emerging in leather-making. In this work, the effects of alkali concentration, time, and temperature in the pretreatment, as well as enzyme dosage, time, temperature, and pH in the following treatment on the dissolution performance and keratin yield of bovine hair were investigated. Hence, the extraction process of keratin from bovine hair by the alkali-enzyme method was optimized. The results sho that the optimal conditions for the keratin extraction are as follows: for the pretreatment with alkali, the alkali concentration is 0.4 M, the pretreatment time is 1.0 h, the pretreatment temperature is 65°C, and for the following enzymatic treatment, the enzyme dosage is 3324 U/g bovine hair, the action time is 4.0 h, action temperature is 45°C, and the pH is controlled between 8.5-11.5. Compared with the alkali method, the alkali-enzyme method increases the keratin yield from 24.4% to 58.1%, and the alkali dosage is reduced by 50%. The prepared keratin had high in vitro antioxidant activity, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of bovine hair waste.
SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATION: IDENTIFY EFFECT FROM PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: Fridayani Januari Ayu , Kuntara Antonius Diksa , Kusuma Stephanus Eri
Published: December 2023

Leaders must continue to learn and adapt to effectively lead their organizations. Leadership style is a key aspect in ensuring the organization's sustainability, especially after the world suffered from the Covid 19 pandemic. To develop a sustainable company by learning from pandemic occurrences, a new breakthrough in leadership style is required. This article provides a new alternative strategy for leaders in managing their organizations in the context of sustainability. The strategy is obtained from the process of identifying the impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic. Not many Indonesian researchers have considered sustainable leadership styles in studying organizations resilience. The method used is a literature study by identifying changes that arise due to the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out by conducting a critical and thorough study of the related literature and described descriptively. There are three main components need to be considered by the organization to ensure its sustainability: (1) Cultivating core values; (2) Human Resources Management; and (3) Ability to adapt. (1) Cultivating core values; (2) Human Resources Management; (3) Ability to adapt. Conclusion: Based on these three components, organizations can implement sustainable leadership by “MOVING strategy" (Making value embedded, Orientation to human, Always Adapting) as a form of effort for organizational sustainability that is obtained from learning about the Covid 19 Pandemic
Optimizing the Passenger Flow for Airport Security Check
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Meng Fanfei , Wang Xiaotian , Xie Chaoyu
Published: December 2023

Due to the necessary security for the airport and flight, passengers are required to have strict security check before getting aboard. However, there are frequent complaints of wasting huge amount of time while waiting for the security check. This paper presents a potential solution aimed at optimizing gate setup procedures specifically tailored for Chicago O’Hare International Airport. By referring to queueing theory and performing Monte Carlo simulations, we propose an approach to significantly diminish the average waiting time to a more manageable level. Additionally, our study meticulously examines and identifies the influential factors contributing to this optimization, providing a comprehensive understanding of their impact.
Domain Adaptation with Contrastive Learning for Object Detection in Satellite Imagery
Authors: Biswas Debojyoti , Tesic Jelena
Published: December 2023

State-of-the-art object detection methods applied to satellite and drone imagery largely fail to identify small and dense objects. One reason is the high variability of content in the overhead imagery due to the terrestrial region captured and the high variability of acquisition conditions. Another reason is that the number and size of objects in aerial imagery are very different than in the consumer data. In this work, we propose a small object detection pipeline that improves the feature extraction process by spatial pyramid pooling, cross-stage partial networks, heatmap-based region proposal network, and object localization and identification through a novel image difficulty score that adapts the overall focal loss measure based on the image difficulty. Next, we propose novel contrastive learning with progressive domain adaptation to produce domain-invariant features across aerial datasets using local and global components. We show we can alleviate the degradation of object identification in previously unseen datasets. We create a first-ever domain adaptation benchmark using contrastive learning for the object detection task in highly imbalanced satellite datasets with significant domain gaps and dominant small objects from existing satellite benchmarks—the proposed method results in up to a 7.4% increase in mAP performance measure over the best state-of-art. 
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Putri Tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (Sadari) di Bumi Cabean Asri Sidoarjo
Authors: Shafa Isnaeldha Athaya , Soelistyowati Endang , Padoli Padoli
Published: December 2023

Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri adalah tindakan memeriksa kondisi payudara sendiri, tindakan inidilakukan untuk mendeteksi dini kanker payudara untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi padapayudara. Kini kanker payudara terjadi pada remaja. Hal ini disebabkan karena gaya hidup remaja yang tidak sehat dan kurangnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki remaja tentang SADARI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri tentang payudara sendiri (SADARI) untuk deteksi dini kanker payudara di Bumi Cabean Asri Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja putri sebanyak 67 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel ini menggunakan teknik Random Sampling. Peneliti dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian dari responden menggunakan kertas yang berisi kuesioner dan dibagikan melalui rumah ke rumah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian remaja putri (47%) memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup, dan sebagian kecil (16%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Sebagian besar remaja putri (54%) memiliki sikap yang positif dan sebagian kecil (46%) memiliki sikap yang negatif. Remaja putri diharapkan untuk lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) dengan cara mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan seperti seminar tentang SADARI, maupun menambah wawasan melalui buku, maupun majalah, ataupun media massa dan diharapkan dapat melakukan pemeriksaan payudara sendiri (SADARI) secara rutin agar dapat mendeteksi secara dini terjadinya kanker payudara.
Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Pelaksanaan Protokol Kesehatan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Clara Felicia Regina Fortunata  , Retno Puspitadewi Teresia , Wahyurianto Yasin
Published: December 2023

The daily increase of cases, with the highest confirmed surge in Covid-19 in the Latsari village, indicates that community compliance with health protocols is still not optimal. The COVID-19 virus continues to spread as a result of non-compliance with health protocols, and it has numerous harmful consequences in various sectors, including health, economic, education, and political sectors. This study aims to describe the knowledge and behavior of the community in implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic in the RT 03 / RW 02 area, Latsari Village, Tuban District, Tuban Regency. The research design utilized a descriptive method with cross sectional approach. A total of 67 family heads were included in this study, with a sample of 57 families. The sampling technique used in this study was a simple random sampling. Research variables used community knowledge and behavior in implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the data collecting methods were in the form of a questionnaire. Once the data was collected, it was then processed and tabulated descriptively. According to the results of this study, almost half of the community had a less knowledge about how to implement health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic, and almost all people had a poor behavior towards the implementation of COVID-19 health protocols. Due to the lack of knowledge and behavior of the community, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 increased in RT 03 / RW 02 Latsari Village. Several steps that can be taken as an effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19, are that the community is encouraged to implement the 5M movement (wearing masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, staying away from crowds, limiting mobilization and interaction), and providing a place for washing hands in every house with water flowing  and antiseptic soap.
Illustrator as Feminist Activist: The Role of Visual Communication
Authors: Christi-Lee Christi-Lee
Published: December 2023

This paper is a qualitative study placed within the context of fourth-wave feminism and illustration. Jennifer Baumgardner (2011) identifes fourth-wave feminism as “tech-savvy and gender-sophisticated”. Kira Cochrane (2013) similarly identifes that the fourth wave is “defned by technology: tools that are allowing women to build a strong, popular, reactive movement online”. Feminism has a rich academic history from which to draw. However, despite inspiring and facilitating tremendous change in terms of inequality of genders, feminism has not yet reached its goal of complete gender equality. Lynne Segal (1999:232) argues that feminism’s absolute goal has not been reached, both on a personal level and as a collective movement aimed to change the world. She identifes this goal as being “a world which is a better place, not just for some women, but for all women”. South Africa has one of the largest percentages of womxn in parliament1 globally, but still features one of the highest levels of rape and violence against womxn (VAW) internationally (Frenkel, 2008:1).
Keeping the Liancourt Rocks Dispute Afloat
Authors: Starkweather Sean Lee
Published: December 2023

Originating in its modern form during the postwar period, the Lian-court Rocks dispute between South Korea and Japan has long exasperated observers who recognize the need for cooperation in an increasingly volatile regional political environment.1 While the existing literature centers on variables ranging from nationalism in the public sphere to resource acquisition, this study argues that a more powerful explanation lies in the interactions between the two governments and their respective publics. Specifically, each state has actively engaged in a major nation-building process to integrate the dispute into their national identities in order to rally the public around perceived territorial transgressions. Through these consolidated identities, the Korean and Japanese publics later compel their governments to sustain more hostile policies even during periods where the two governments may desire reconciliation or compromise, and punish them in instances of perceived defection. This dynamic between the two governments and their citizenry suggests that conventional explanations grounded in material variables—such as competition over resources—are insufficient in explaining the severity and longevity of the dispute, leaving room for identity to occupy a major role.
Mekong River
Authors: Caffe Lauren Isabelle
Published: December 2023

This paper offers an examination of the complex dynamics within the Mekong River Basin, a region historically intertwined with the Mekong River’s abundance but now marked by a shift towards hydroelectric power as a resource.1 Focusing on the reluctance of China—a key player in the basin—to join the Mekong Agreement, this paper uncovers the environmental and social consequences of this non-cooperation. It discusses the historical context of international environmental law related to transboundary water resources, emphasizing how China’s actions challenge established principles and responsible resource management norms. Highlighting the significance of transboundary collaboration underscores the essential role it plays in ensuring the sustainable governance of shared water resources in the Mekong River Basin.
Pengaruh CSR Dan Profitabalitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan GCG Sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Afifah Dea Agnes , Mutmainah Isbandriyati , Wahidhani Eha Hasni
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and profitability on firm value with GCG (Good Corporate Governance) as a moderating variable in the Food and Beverages sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the year 2022. The population in this study consists of Food and Beverages sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022 period. The sample size for this study is 30 companies. The sampling method employed is purposive sampling, and hypothesis testing is conducted using Moderated Regression Analysis. The results of this research indicate that CSR has a significant impact on firm value, profitability has a significant impact on firm value, and GCG can moderate the influence of CSR and profitability on firm value.

 

Keywords: CSR, Profitability, Firm Value, GCG
Structuring of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Within the Scope of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Under Latvian and Turkish Law
Authors: Ozoliņš Nikolajs , Akin Nesrin
Published: December 2023

The establishment of a specific project company most commonly known as a Special Purpose/Project Vehicle (SPV) is a key feature of most Public private partnership (PPP) transactions in Turkey.

According to the competent authority, the SPV is considered to fall under the definition of a Securitisation Special Purpose Vehicle (SSPE) then it should not be considered a financial sector entity. In order to meet the increasing infrastructure needs of Turkey, it is generally accepted necessary to utilise alternative financing models to be provided with the participation of the private sector in addition to the use of public resources. In this framework, PPPs model, which has been widely used in realisation of infrastructure investments in developed and developing countries in recent years, is also applied in Turkey. SPV PPP risks, income and losses usually are shared in proportion to the shares of a public partner and a private partner that they have in a joint venture. However capital companies also bid for the tender opened by the contracting public authority according to the relevant laws. If the tender is awarded to a business partnership or a capital company according to the relevant law, the documents regarding the establishment of the special purpose vehicle shall be requested. Generally, the SPV structured as a joint stock company. SPV is a feasible and an effective option for the lenders and financiers, who take into account the cash flow of the project and security over its assets for the repayments of the debts.
The Problems of In-House Procurement in Lithuanian Public Procurement
Authors: Šimbelytė Sigita
Published: December 2023

Although the in-house procurement, as an exception to public procurement process, have existed in Lithuanian law for more than a decade and the European Union has expressed a clear positive position on the issue by legalize it in international level with Directive 2014/24/EU, but this legal institute still is not analysed enough in scientific level in order to evaluate its situation and problems in Lithuanian public procurement law. Especially, when in order to find the most optimal legislative regulation of the in-house procurement, the Lithuanian legislator has changed this legal institute many times and in many ways without its clear decision as to how the issue should be regulated in statutory regulation. Therefore, the object of the research is the legal institute of the in-house procurement in Lithuanian public procurement law and the aim of the research is to analyse the peculiarities and problems of this legal regulation and its application in legal practice. The article uses basic research methods such as document analysis, systematic analysis, comparative analysis, the deduction analysis and generalization methods. The analysis of this article shows main problems of this legal institute of Lithuanian public procurement law seen clearly in legal regulation and practice require as well as provide the certain solutions for necessary substantial adjustment of existing legal regulation on this question.
Concept of Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in the Public Sector
Authors: Strelcenoks Jaroslavs
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to obtain, learn and analyse the international experience on the basic principles of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the public sector. In the article, the author examines the problems and offers proposals on the legal foundations that must be provided in the concept of introducing AI for the prevention of conflict of interest situations in the public sector. To achieve the goal, the author relies not only on the findings of other authors and the experience of other countries, but presents his own research. The author’s research is based on a survey of Latvian state and local government officials and employees. The author’s research was conducted but not fully completed at the time of submission of the article. However, in the article, the author has summarized the interim conclusions of the study and presents them. The author believes that the topic of the article and the research presented herein will allow a better understanding of the importance of AI technology, the need to regulate it, as well as ensure the safe implementation of AI in the public sector in the future with the aim of minimizing the risks of corruption and conflicts of interest.
From Bona Fides to Laba Ticība: Historical Interpretation of Good Faith Principle in Latvian Law to Protect Payment Service Consumers’ Rights from De-Banking
Authors: Jelisejevs Aleksejs
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on a scientific analysis of the genesis and historical development of the good faith principle as a doctrinal interpretation of the Latvian regulations’ governing issues when closing a payment account against a consumer’s will. Starting from the origin of bona fides in archaic Roman law and its rediscovery by Justinian’s Corpus Juris Civilis, passing through its application in the western medieval ius commune and its continental renaissance in the early twentieth century, noting its limited place in the Code of Civil Laws of the Baltic Provinces and paying tribute to its triumph in Latvian Civil Law, this paper focuses on the evolution of attitudes towards this principle in modern legal science and case law. This comparative historical research shows that a clear definition of good faith could be found through a system-historical interpretation of the good faith rule. This should help identify the target essence of subjective rights and duties under each legal rule governing specific legal relationships. Therefore, when de-banking, in view of good faith, the target essence of a bank’s right to withdraw from an account contract is to save justice by respecting the justified consumer’s interest in retaining payment services.
IMPROVING THE QUANTIFICATION ACCURACY OF Tc-99m MIBI DUAL-PHASE PARATHYROID SPECT/CT: A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION STUDY
Authors: GÜVENİŞ Albert , AYTAÇ Bahadır
Published: December 2023

Objective: Quantitative parathyroid SPECT imaging is a technique used to assess Primary hyperparathyroidism that may have potential in the identification and differentiation of parathyroid lesions as well as the estimation of disease severity. Studying the effect of data acquisition parameters on the quantification error is important for maximizing the accuracy of this diagnostic technique. In this study we examine the effects of different data acquisition parameters, namely the type of collimator, scatter correction status and reconstruction iteration number on the quantification accuracy using computer simulation. Methods: The SIMIND Monte Carlo Simulation and CASToR iterative reconstruction program was used to simulate a commercially available SPECT camera (Siemens Symbia Intevo Gamma Camera) with a crystal size of 29.55cm and 128x128 matrix size. A digital cylindrical phantom filled with water was constructed. A 0.36 cm radius spherical adenoma filled with a uniform 1MBq radioactivity is placed within the phantom. Low-Energy High Resolution (LEHR) and Low Energy Ultra High Resolution (LEUHR) collimator models are tested. Along with the presence of Scatter correction and differing iteration numbers (x16, x32). An image FOV based calibration method was used to gather quantitative information and checked against the input radioactivity. Results: The presence of scatter correction caused a 15-20% relative improvement in quantification accuracy. The optimal number of iterations produced a 10% relative improvement. Overall, accuracies as good as 7% in estimated activity concentration could be observed. Conclusion: The optimization of parameters can provide a significant improvement in quantification accuracy.
EVADING DANGER: THE CRISIS IMPACT FRAMEWORK FOR REAL ESTATE
Authors: Tähtinen Lassi , Toivonen Saija , Rashidfarokhi Anahita
Published: December 2023

With continuing urbanisation, real estate (RE) has become increasingly important in crisis management. The field of crisis research is still fragmented, especially in the RE context and focuses on the retrospective analysis of single crisis events. This qualitative, futures studies–based paper aims to build a more holistic, foresight-driven understanding of how diverse crises affect RE. It identifies 128 possible future crises from a societal perspective and adopts a novel method in the field, the Futures Wheel, to collect the views of 179 practicing and academic experts via 58 multidisciplinary workshops to analyse the impacts of the identified crises. From this analysis emerged the Crisis Impact Framework for Real Estate, which includes 23 impact themes that synthesise the variety of direct and indirect crisis impacts on RE’s hard elements (e.g. the physical condition of materials) and soft elements (e.g. economic value changes). This study contributes an integrated and foresight-driven perspective to the existing research literature. The framework can assist RE market participants in preparing and assessing critical elements of RE before, during and after crisis impacts have manifested and can help spatial planners, investors and RE managers to reflect in a more multidimensional manner on their vulnerabilities and crisis preparedness.
The Luminosity Phase Space of Galactic and Extragalactic X-Ray Transients Out to Intermediate Redshifts
Authors: Polzin Ava , Margutti Raffaella , Coppejans Deanne L. , Auchettl Katie , Page Kim L. , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Bright Joe S. , Esposito Paolo , Williams Peter K. G. , Mukai Koji , Berger Edo
Published: December 2023

We present a detailed compilation and analysis of the X-ray phase space of low- to intermediate-redshift (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) transients that consolidates observed light curves (and theory where necessary) for a large variety of classes of transient/variable phenomena in the 0.3–10 keV energy band. We include gamma-ray burst afterglows, supernovae, supernova shock breakouts and shocks interacting with the environment, tidal disruption events and active galactic nuclei, fast blue optical transients, cataclysmic variables, magnetar flares/outbursts and fast radio bursts, cool stellar flares, X-ray binary outbursts, and ultraluminous X-ray sources. Our overarching goal is to offer a comprehensive resource for the examination of these ephemeral events, extending the X-ray duration–luminosity phase space (DLPS) to show luminosity evolution. We use existing observations (both targeted and serendipitous) to characterize the behavior of various transient/variable populations. Contextualizing transient signals in the larger DLPS serves two primary purposes: to identify areas of interest (i.e., regions in the parameter space where one would expect detections, but in which observations have historically been lacking), and to provide initial qualitative guidance in classifying newly discovered transient signals. We find that while the most luminous (largely extragalactic) and least luminous (largely Galactic) part of the phase space is well populated at t > 0.1 days, intermediate-luminosity phenomena (L
X = 1034–1042 erg s−1) represent a gap in the phase space. We thus identify L
X = 1034–1042 erg s−1 and t = 10−4 to 0.1 days as a key discovery phase space in transient X-ray astronomy.
JWST: Deuterated PAHs, PAH Nitriles, and PAH Overtone and Combination Bands. I. Program Description and First Look
Authors: Boersma C. , Allamandola L. J. , Esposito V. J. , Maragkoudakis A. , Bregman J. D. , Temi P. , Lee T. J. , Fortenberry R. C. , Peeters E.
Published: December 2023

A first look is taken at the NIRSpec 1–5 μm observations from James Webb Space Telescope program 1591 that targets seven objects along the low-mass stellar life cycle with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission. Spectra extracted from a 1.″5 radius circular aperture are explored, showing a wealth of features, including the 3 μm PAH complex, the PAH continuum, and atomic and molecular emission lines from H i, He, H2, and other species. CO2- and H2O-ice absorption and CO emission is also seen. Focusing on the bright-PDR position in M17, the PAH CH stretch falls at 3.29 μm (FWHM = 0.04 μm). Signs of its 1.68 μm overtone are confused by line emission in all targets. Multicomponent decomposition reveals a possible aliphatic deuterated PAH feature centered at 4.65 μm (FWHM = 0.02 μm), giving [D/H]alip. = 31% ± 12.7%. However, there is little sign of its aromatic counterpart between 4.36 and 4.43 μm. There is also little sign of PAH nitrile emission between 4.34 and 4.39 μm. A PAH continuum rises from ∼1 to 3.2 μm, after which it jumps by about a factor of 2.5 at 3.6 μm, with bumps at 3.8, 4.04, and 4.34 μm adding structure. The CO2 absorption band in M17 is matched with 10:1 H2O:CO2 ice at 10 K. The v = 0 pure rotational molecular hydrogen population diagram reveals >2200 K UV-pumped gas. The hydrogen Pfund series runs from levels 10 to >30. Considering Brα/Brβ = 0.381 ± 0.01966 and Case B recombination results in A

V
≃ 8. CO emission in IRAS 21282+5050 originates from 258 K gas. In-depth spectral–spatial analysis of all features and targets is planned for a series of forthcoming papers.
Optical Monitoring and Intraday Variabilities of BL Lacertae
Authors: Yuan Y. H. , Du G. J. , Fan J. H. , Liu Y. , Yang J. H. , Ding G. Z. , Pei Z. Y.
Published: December 2023

BL Lacertae is a key monitoring target of the 1.26 m National Astronomical Observatory–Guangzhou University Infrared/Optical telescope. Within the monitored duration from 2020 September 4 to 2022 September 28, we report 13,948 observations at the g, r, and i bands (g band: 4498, r band: 4866, i band: 4584). (1) In the monitored duration, this source is located in a very bright and variable state. The maximum variabilities are Δm

g
= 2.013 ± 0.073 mag at g band, Δm

r
= 1.900 ± 0.049 mag at r band, and Δm

i
= 2.279 ± 0.089 mag at i band. (2) Among the gri intraday lightcurves, there are 104 portions of data sets displaying intraday variabilities (IDVs), with the IDV timescales (ΔT) being in the range of 15.84–375.84 minutes and the biggest variable value Δm = 0.430 ± 0.041 mag. (3) The distributions of ΔT show frequency-dependent behavior, and with the frequency increasing, ΔT tend to be shorter. The variable rates (

V
=

Δ
m

Δ
T

) from the g band are more intense than the values (V

r
) from the r band, but are more stable than the values (V

i
) from the i band. (4) On three days (2020 September 7, 2020 September 19, and 2022 September 7), we find the intraday periodic oscillations, whose periods are around 150 minutes, 232 minutes, and 150 minutes, respectively, and which might come from the source “flickering.” (5) Based on the distributions between flux densities (F

gri
) and spectral indices (α), they show the bluer-when-brighter behaviors and some uneven locations, which should come from the ministructures of the jet, the shock-induced particle acceleration, or magnetic reconnection in the jet.
Edge-on Low-surface-brightness Galaxy Candidates Detected from SDSS Images Using YOLO
Authors: Xing Yongguang , Yi Zhenping , Liang Zengxu , Su Hao , Du Wei , He Min , Liu Meng , Kong Xiaoming , Bu Yude , Wu Hong
Published: December 2023

Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs), fainter members of the galaxy population, are thought to be numerous. However, due to their low surface brightness, the search for a wide-area sample of LSBGs is difficult, which in turn limits our ability to fully understand the formation and evolution of galaxies as well as galaxy relationships. Edge-on LSBGs, due to their unique orientation, offer an excellent opportunity to study galaxy structure and galaxy components. In this work, we utilize the You Only Look Once object detection algorithm to construct an edge-on LSBG detection model by training on 281 edge-on LSBGs in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) gri-band composite images. This model achieved a recall of 94.64% and a purity of 95.38% on the test set. We searched across 938,046 gri-band images from SDSS Data Release 16 and found 52,293 candidate LSBGs. To enhance the purity of the candidate LSBGs and reduce contamination, we employed the Deep Support Vector Data Description algorithm to identify anomalies within the candidate samples. Ultimately, we compiled a catalog containing 40,759 edge-on LSBG candidates. This sample has similar characteristics to the training data set, mainly composed of blue edge-on LSBG candidates. The catalog is available online at https://github.com/worldoutside/Edge-on_LSBG.
Harold, Harald, Guillaume et les autres : prétentions et prétendants à la succession d’Édouard le Confesseur (1042-1066)
Authors: Gautier Alban
Published: December 2023

Les événements de l’année 1066 en Angleterre sont souvent ramenés à une compétition entre les trois principaux candidats à la succession du roi Édouard le Confesseur. En réalité, si l’on prend en compte l’ensemble du règne (1042-1066) et si l’on élargit le cercle de la compétition à tous ceux qui, pour des raisons diverses, n’ont pas pu ou souhaité tenter leur chance cette année-là, on se rend compte que le nombre d’héritiers potentiels était beaucoup plus important. En l’absence de successeur clairement et unanimement reconnu du vivant du roi, plusieurs de ses parents, lointains ou éloignés, en Angleterre, en Scandinavie ou dans le Nord de la France, ont été effectivement considérés comme des successeurs potentiels ou auraient pu être mis en avant à divers moments du règne. À travers l’étude d’une pratique successorale en équilibre instable, cet article permet donc de réfléchir à la nature du pouvoir royal dans l’Angleterre du xi e  siècle.
«Achilles versus Hector or Aeneas versus Turnus»: The Battle of Hastings revisited
Authors: Devries Kelly
Published: December 2023

La bataille d’Hastings est l’une des batailles des plus décisives de l’histoire. Guillaume, duc de Normandie, a remporté à juste titre le cognomen « le Conquérant » en vainquant Harold II Godwinson, roi d’Angleterre, dans une lutte où, après 8-10 heures, la cavalerie normande a prétendu battre en retraite ce qui a permis de briser le mur de boucliers anglo-saxon.
Frontières dans les Balkans
Authors: Dérens Jean-Arnault
Published: December 2023

Va-t-on vers une modification des frontières dans les Balkans, dans le sens d’une homogénéisation ethnique supposée assurer à la région une paix « définitive » ? Cette « solution », qui ouvrirait la boîte de Pandore des échanges territoriaux, risque plutôt de rouvrir un cycle de violences. Et le précédent ainsi créé pourrait être invoqué dans toute l’Europe.
Des femmes africaines ensemble face à la maladie
Authors: Desgrées du Loû Annabel
Published: December 2023

Ikambere, qui signifie « la maison accueillante » en kinyarwanda, est une association créée en 1997 par Bernadette Rwegera, venue en France pour rejoindre son mari, juste avant le génocide du Rwanda (1994). Créée au pire moment de l’épidémie du sida, l’association, installée à Saint-Denis au nord de Paris, accueille et accompagne les femmes touchées par cette maladie, pour la plupart africaines.
François Cheng ou l’arrière-pays de l’écriture
Authors: Tuduri Claude
Published: December 2023

Un écrivain n’est sans doute jamais assimilable à une nation, que ce soit sa nation d’origine ou d’adoption. Sa patrie, c’est d’abord l’écriture ; et un vœu tacite de nomadisme lui est inséparable. L’exil est la condition même du langage romanesque et poétique et il serait vain de vouloir démêler la part du destin et de la liberté qui se joue dans la vie d’un écrivain : n’est-il pas, comme par vocation, toujours à l’œuvre au cours d’un inlassable exode ? Ici ou là, aussi simple et familier qu’il soit, la hantise de l’écriture le met à part des liens du sol et du sang. Un beau symbole de cette étrangeté irréductible nous est donné par le dernier recueil de François Cheng, Échos du silence (Créaphis, 2018). Ce livre a le format d’un passeport et vient en contrepoint de photographies en noir et blanc du fleuve Saint-Laurent au Québec. C’est un autre pays que la France ou la Chine, c’est l’arrière-pays de l’écriture.
Le diable ou Satan
Authors: Maldamé Jean-Michel
Published: December 2023

À l’encontre du rationalisme moderne, la référence au diable revient au premier plan. Pour comprendre ce qui se joue, il faut s’interroger sur le mal et son origine, telle que la Bible la présente. La réalité d’un mal « personnifié » y est affirmée, mais surtout la responsabilité de l’homme et le refus de toute fatalité.
L’autoconservation des ovocytes
Authors: Lafontaine Céline
Published: December 2023

Les millions de cellules in vitro produites dans les cliniques et les laboratoires du monde globalisé constituent l’un des symboles le plus énigmatique de notre civilisation. À mi-chemin entre le biologique et l’artificiel, ces bio-objets génèrent des espoirs immenses. Étroitement liés à une représentation du corps comme capital, ils occupent un rôle central dans la logique d’anticipation futuriste qui caractérise les politiques néolibérales. La pratique de l’autoconservation des ovocytes illustre jusqu’à quel point cette anticipation technoscientifique du futur peut devenir tyrannique 1 .
Nos vies parmi les machines
Authors: Damour Franck
Published: December 2023

En battant en mars 2016 Lee Sedol, un des meilleurs joueurs de go au monde, le logiciel AlphaGo a franchi un cap historique : le go a longtemps été considéré comme « le Graal de l’intelligence artificielle », le dernier jeu « classique » dans lequel l’homme tenait tête à la machine. Le retentissement a été mondial, à la hauteur de la victoire en 1997 du programme Deep Blue d’IBM contre Garry Kasparov aux échecs. Dans les deux cas, la prouesse technique a autant fasciné qu’effrayé. Que nous disent ces polémiques, sinon que le développement des machines pensantes nous inquiète ? Pourquoi une telle inquiétude alors qu’après tout, ces machines sont nos créations ?
Pourquoi on ne va plus à la messe
Authors: Schlegel Jean-Louis
Published: December 2023

Les causes de la chute de la pratique dominicale sont sans doute nombreuses. Parmi elles, il faut faire sa place à l’évolution récente des styles liturgiques. Alors que la réforme conciliaire voulait promouvoir une réelle participation de tous à l’action liturgique, une « resacralisation » a creusé de nouveau la distance entre clergé et fidèles.
L’économie comme idéologie
Authors: Piketty Thomas , Rose Sean
Published: December 2023

Après Le capital au XXI e  siècle, où l’économiste analysait la répartition des richesses en Occident sur le temps long, le nouvel ouvrage Capital et idéologie de Thomas Piketty retrace les différents récits de justification du régime inégalitaire à travers les âges et de par le monde.
L’offre et la demande
Authors: Clervoy Patrick
Published: December 2023

Cet article interroge une évolution sociétale qui offre une possibilité de réajustement chirurgical du « soi ». Les chirurgiens plasticiens sont confrontés à une catégorie nouvelle de patients : des adolescents qui font des demandes esthétiques qui ne concernent aucun défaut particulier, mais une demande singulière, celle de leur donner des traits physiques pour ressembler à un modèle idéalisé. Ce sont souvent les mêmes, pour répondre à des canons esthétiques qu’ils trouvent sur Internet. ( Barbie surgery ) Ils veulent ressembler à un personnage fictif qui existe en figurine ou au cinéma. D’autres cas illustrent le Body Identity Integrity Disorder à travers la demande de chirurgie pour refaire son corps au travers de multiples opérations ou d’imposer au chirurgien une amputation grâce à des autoagressions.
La réception de L’Archipel du Goulag et d’Alexandre Soljénitsyne en Europe occidentale et aux États-Unis (1974-1978) : un choc médiatique de guerre froide
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: December 2023

Cet article présente l’analyse critique comparée de trois documents : un rapport de la police politique soviétique (KGB) sur la parution de L’Archipel du Goulag (1974), une lettre du sénateur Jackson souhaitant à A. Soljénitsyne la bienvenue dans « le monde libre », et un extrait du Grain tombé entre les meules. Esquisse d’exil, dans lequel l’auteur évoque les réactions de la presse occidentale (1978). L’étude permet de décrypter le mécanisme d’un choc de grande ampleur, mobilisant à divers titres les gouvernements et les médias, et révélant toute l’importance de la culture dans le soft-power des années 1970. Les effets en seront incontestablement considérables, contribuant fortement à accélérer la dégradation de l’image du régime soviétique en Occident. La question du totalitarisme devient un débat transnational.
La bande dessinée, « Une menace pour la culture » ?, Jean Gaugeard, Les Lettres françaises , 1966
Authors: Kohn Jessica
Published: December 2023

Dans les années 1960, la bande dessinée s’est imposée dans le paysage culturel français et commence à être reconnue par les milieux culturels et universitaires. Pourtant, une partie des intellectuels, éducateurs ou décideurs politiques y sont encore hostiles C’est ce point de vue qu’exprime Jean Gaugeard dans un article des Lettres françaises paru en juin 1966. Ce rejet intellectuel ouvre en fait vers un questionnement plus politique : celui de la culture destinée au peuple et de l’ouverture du peuple à la culture savante.
Le magazine anglais Spare Rib : un exemple de magazine féministe grand public (1972)
Authors: Pavard Bibia
Published: December 2023

Le manifeste du magazine anglais Spare Rib lancé en 1972 permet d’aborder la place de la presse dans le militantisme féministe des années 1970. Il propose une ligne éditoriale intermédiaire entre la presse féminine qui renforce les stéréotypes de genre et la presse d’information générale qui invisibilise les femmes. L’originalité du magazine est d’opter pour une approche engagée et professionnelle qui vise un large public afin de rendre compte le plus fidèlement possible du mouvement des femmes.
La révolte bolonaise de 1964 : massification de la culture du football et politisation du supportérisme dans l’Italie des années 1960
Authors: Archambault Fabien
Published: December 2023

Critique cinématographique influent en Italie et membre de l’administration communale communiste de Bologne, Renzo Renzi publie au mois de juin 1964 un pamphlet qui retrace les événements survenus dans la capitale émilienne pendant trois mois, du 5 mars au 7 juin 1964, lorsque la ville soutint passionnément son équipe de football, accusée de dopage, jusqu’au titre de champion d’Italie remporté face à l’Inter de Milan. Le livre constitue un tournant dans les rapports qu’entretiennent les intellectuels de gauche avec le monde du football.
BRICS : les incertitudes d’un forum « alternatif »
Authors: Vercueil Julien
Published: December 2023

Initialement limité au domaine financier, le vocable BRICS s’impose progressivement en matière de gouvernance économique mondiale. Son poids, dû surtout à la part des BRICS dans la richesse mondiale, s’exprime d’abord à travers la revendication d’une place neuve dans les institutions internationales. De nouvelles institutions financières voient le jour. Le dernier élargissement de Johannesburg n’améliorera sans doute ni le poids global réel des BRICS – sauf en matière pétrolière –, ni leur cohésion.
Géoéconomie du lithium
Authors: Bos Vincent , Forget Marie
Published: December 2023

Le changement climatique rend impérative la décarbonation des moyens de production et des modes de vie. Les minerais critiques sont au cœur de la transition énergétique. Parmi eux, le lithium joue un rôle central dans l’électrification des transports. L’importance accrue de ce métal est en train de redessiner les cartes de la géopolitique de l’énergie : l’Australie et l’Amérique latine – où se trouve le « triangle du lithium » – acquièrent une centralité qu’elles n’avaient pas auparavant.
Guerre d’Ukraine : où en est l’économie russe ?
Authors: Inozemtsev Vladislav , Cadenza Academic translations
Published: December 2023

L’économie russe a résisté à la guerre et aux sanctions occidentales : elle a maintenu ses exportations, son tissu d’entreprises a démontré un clair dynamisme et la population tient en partie grâce aux dépenses de l’État. Il reste qu’à plus long terme cette économie pourrait être menacée par une véritable régression, conséquence de l’isolement, aggravée par un déficit démographique et un effondrement du capital humain. Le « capitalisme de guerre » n’est sans doute pas viable sur le long terme.