bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of neuroendocrine morphology on cancer outcomes and stage at diagnosis: a UK nationwide cohort study 2013–2015
Authors: Genus Tracey S. E. , Bouvier Catherine , Wong Kwok F. , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan , Rous Brian A. , Talbot Denis C. , Valle Juan W. , Khan Mohid , Pearce Neil , Elshafie Mona , Reed Nicholas S. , Morgan Eileen , Deas Andrew , White Ceri , Huws Dyfed , Ramage John
Published: October 2019

Background

The diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is often delayed. This first UK population-based epidemiological study of NENs compares outcomes with non-NENs to identify any inequalities.

Methods

Age-standardised incidence rate (ASR), 1-year overall survival, hazard ratios and standardised mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated for all malignant NENs diagnosed 2013–2015 from UK national Public Health records. Comparison with non-NENs assessed 1-year overall survival (1YS) and association between diagnosis at stage IV and morphology.

Results

A total of 15,222 NENs were identified, with an ASR (2013–2015 combined) of 8.6 per 100,000 (95% CI 8.5–8.7); 4.6 per 100 000 (95% CI, 4.5–4.7) for gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) NENs. The 1YS was 75% (95% CI, 73.9–75.4) varying significantly by sex. Site and morphology were prognostic. NENs (predominantly small cell carcinomas) in the oesophagus, bladder, prostate, and female reproductive organs had a poorer outcome and were three times more likely to be diagnosed at stage IV than non-NENs.

Conclusion

Advanced stage at diagnosis with significantly poorer outcomes of some NENs compared with non-NENs at the same anatomical site, highlight the need for improved access to specialist services and targeted service improvement.
ACTL6A regulates follicle-stimulating hormone-driven glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells via PGK1
Authors: Zhang Jiawen , Zhang Jing , Wei Yingze , Li Qingxian , Wang Qingying
Published: October 2019

Enhanced glycolysis has been identified as a hallmark of cancer. As a novel oncogene, ACTL6A is aberrantly amplified in several types of human cancers and has been shown to regulate tumor growth and progression. However, the roles of ACTL6A in the development of ovarian cancer and the regulation of cancer glucose metabolism are mostly unknown. Here we show that ACTL6A is overexpressed in ovarian cancers compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, and that ACTL6A overexpression correlates with poor prognosis. Silencing of ACTL6A in vitro inhibits proliferation, clonal growth, and migration, and decreases glucose utilization, lactate production, and pyruvate levels of ovarian cancer cells. We found a positive correlation between ACTL6A and PGK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues. Enforced ACTL6A expression increased PGK1 expression, whereas knockdown of ACTL6A had the opposite effect. Altered ACTL6A expression inhibits the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells in vivo by downregulating PGK1. In addition, the expression of ACTL6A is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation via PI3K/AKT pathway. Importantly, ACTL6A regulates FSH-enhanced glycolysis in ovarian cancer. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of ACTL6A in ovarian cancer development and identify its contribution to glucose metabolism of cancer cells.
A new quasi-one-dimensional compound Ba3TiTe5 and superconductivity induced by pressure
Authors: Zhang Jun , Jia Yating , Wang Xiancheng , Li Zhi , Duan Lei , Li Wenmin , Zhao Jianfa , Cao Lipeng , Dai Guangyang , Deng Zheng , Zhang Sijia , Feng Shaomin , Yu Runze , Liu Qingqing , Hu Jiangping , Zhu Jinlong , Jin Changqing
Published: October 2019

We report systematic studies of a new quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) compound, Ba3TiTe5, and the high-pressure induced superconductivity therein. Ba3TiTe5 was synthesized at high pressure and high temperature. It crystallizes into a hexagonal structure (P63/mcm), which consists of infinite face-sharing octahedral TiTe6 chains and Te chains along the c axis, exhibiting a strong 1D characteristic structure. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that Ba3TiTe5 is a well-defined 1D conductor; thus, it can be considered a starting point to explore the exotic physics induced by pressure by enhancing the interchain hopping to move the 1D conductor to a high-dimensional metal. For Ba3TiTe5, high-pressure techniques were employed to study the emerging physics dependent on interchain hopping, such as the Umklapp scattering effect, spin/charge density wave (SDW/CDW), superconductivity and non-Fermi liquid behavior. Finally, a complete phase diagram was plotted. The superconductivity emerges at 8.8 GPa, near which the Umklapp gap is mostly suppressed. Tc is enhanced and reaches a maximum of ~6 K at ~36.7 GPa, where the SDW/CDW is completely suppressed, and a non-Fermi liquid behavior appears. Our results suggest that the appearance of superconductivity is associated with the fluctuation due to the suppression of the Umklapp gap and that the enhancement of the Tc is related to the fluctuation of the SDW/CDW.
Boosting ion dynamics through superwettable leaf-like film based on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets for ionogel supercapacitors
Authors: Shi Minjie , Yang Cheng , Yan Chao , Jiang Jintian , Liu Yongchao , Sun Zhenyu , Shi Weilong , Jian Gang , Guo Zhanhu , Ahn Jong-Hyun
Published: October 2019

Ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes have enormous potential for the development of high energy density supercapacitors (SCs) owing to their wide potential windows, but ILs are plagued by sluggish ionic diffusion due to their high viscosity and large ion size. Exploiting superwettable electrodes possessing high compatibility with IL electrolytes remains challenging. Inspired by the biological characteristics observed in nature, a unique film electrode with a Monstera leaf-like nanostructure is synthesized and used to overcome the aforementioned bottleneck. Similar to the pores in Monstera leaves that allow the permeation of air and water vapor, the film electrode is based on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets (~1 nm thick) as ion-accessible “highway” channels, allowing ultrafast diffusion of IL ions. The film exhibits a high diffusion coefficient (3.68 × 10−10 m2 s−1), low activation energy (0.078 mJ mol−1) and extraordinary wettability in the IL electrolyte, indicating its superior IL ion dynamics. As a proof of concept, flexible ionogel SCs (FISCs) with tailorability and editability are fabricated, which exhibit a high energy density (10.5 mWh cm−3), high-power density, remarkable rate capability, and long-term durability, outperforming previously reported FISCs. Importantly, these FISCs can be effectively charged by harvesting sustainable power sources, particularly the rarely studied wind power, for practical applications.
Longitudinal changes in the frequency of mosaic chromosome Y loss in peripheral blood cells of aging men varies profoundly between individuals
Authors: Danielsson Marcus , Halvardson Jonatan , Davies Hanna , Torabi Moghadam Behrooz , Mattisson Jonas , Rychlicka-Buniowska Edyta , Jaszczyński Janusz , Heintz Julia , Lannfelt Lars , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Ingelsson Martin , Dumanski Jan P. , Forsberg Lars A.
Published: October 2019

Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) is the most common somatic genetic aberration and is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality, various forms of cancer and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as other common human diseases. By tracking LOY frequencies in subjects from which blood samples have been serially collected up to five times during up to 22 years, we observed a pronounced intra-individual variation of changes in the frequency of LOY within individual men over time. We observed that in some individuals the frequency of LOY in blood clearly progressed over time and that in other men, the frequency was constant or showed other types of longitudinal development. The predominant method used for estimating LOY is calculation of the median Log R Ratio of probes located in the male specific part of chromosome Y (mLRRY) from intensity data generated by SNP-arrays, which is difficult to interpret due to its logarithmic and inversed scale. We present here a formula to transform mLRRY-values to percentage of LOY that is a more comprehensible unit. The formula was derived using measurements of LOY from matched samples analysed using SNP-array, whole genome sequencing and a newAMELX/AMELY-based assay for droplet digital PCR. The methods described could be applied for analyses of the vast amount of SNP-array data already generated in the scientific community, allowing further discoveries of LOY associated diseases and outcomes.
Complications associated with perioperative use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor in cytoreductive nephrectomy
Authors: Carvalho Filipe L. F. , Zheng Chaoyi , Witmer Kenneth , O’neill John , Lynch John H. , Kowalczyk Keith J.
Published: October 2019

Recent clinical trials have investigated the benefit of combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Our goal is to determine whether the perioperative use of TKIs increases the postoperative morbidity following CN in renal cell carcinoma patients. We identified 627 patients with Stage IV renal cell carcinoma who underwent CN from 2007–2010 utilizing the SEER-Medicare database. Eighty-two patients treated with TKIs were matched (3:1) to 246 controls. We calculated 30- and 90-day incidence rates of postoperative complications and mortality. On unadjusted analysis, TKI use prior to CN was associated with higher overall complication rate within 30 days (HR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.09–6.8) after surgery. On multivariate analysis, perioperative TKI use was independently associated with higher risk for postoperative complications within 30 days (HR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.17–7.36), as well as 90 days (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.02–3.32) after nephrectomy. A higher Charlson comorbidity index also emerged to represent an independent risk factor for postoperative complications within 30 days (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.44–4.02) and 90 days (HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.51–3.29) after nephrectomy. TKI treatment was not associated with an increased postoperative mortality at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Thus, TKI treatment was associated with an increased complication rate but not overall mortality following CN. Our results suggest that renal surgeons should be aware of possibly increased complications following CN in renal cell carcinoma patients, when TKI treatment is administered.
Structural Dynamics of the N-Extension of Cardiac Troponin I Complexed with Troponin C by Site-Directed Spin Labeling Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Authors: Zhao Chenchao , Somiya Takayasu , Takai Shinji , Ueki Shoji , Arata Toshiaki
Published: October 2019

The secondary structure of the N-extension of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was determined by measuring the distance distribution between spin labels attached to the i and i + 4 residues: 15/19, 23/27, 27/31, 35/39, and 43/47. All of the EPR spectra of these regions in the monomeric state were broadened and had a amplitude that was reduced by two-thirds of that of the single spin-labeled spectra and was fit by two residual distance distributions, with a major distribution one spreading over the range from 1 to 2.5 nm and the other minor peak at 0.9 nm. Only slight or no obvious changes were observed when the extension was bound to cTnC in the cTnI-cTnC complex at 0.2 M KCl. However, at 0.1 M KCl, residues 43/47, located at the PKC phosphorylation sites Ser42/44 on the boundary of the extension, exclusively exhibited a 0.9 nm peak, as expected from α-helix in the crystal structure, in the complex. Furthermore, 23/27, which is located on the PKA phosphorylation sites Ser23/24, showed that the major distribution was markedly narrowed, centered at 1.4 nm and 0.5 nm wide, accompanying the spin label immobilization of residue 27. Residues 35 and 69 at site 1 and 2 of cTnC exhibited partial immobilization of the attached spin labels upon complex formation. The results show that the extension exhibited a primarily partially folded or unfolded structure equilibrated with a transiently formed α-helix-like short structure over the length. We hypothesize that the structure binds at least near sites 1 and 2 of cTnC and that the specific secondary structure of the extension on cTnC becomes uncovered when decreasing the ionic strength demonstrating that only the phosphorylation regions of cTnI interact stereospecifically with cTnC.
C-terminal–modified LY2510924: a versatile scaffold for targeting C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4
Authors: Suzuki Kentaro , Ui Takashi , Nagano Akio , Hino Akihiro , Arano Yasushi
Published: October 2019

C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) constitutes a promising target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Herein, we evaluate a new 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-conjugated CXCR4 antagonist derived from LY2510924, FRM001, and its metal complexes as CXCR4-targeting probes. FRM001 was synthesized by modifying the C-terminus of LY2510924 with maleimido-mono-amide-DOTA via a cysteine linker. FRM001 exhibited CXCR4-specific binding with an affinity similar to that of the parental LY2510924. The binding affinity of FRM001 remained unchanged after complexation with Ga, Lu, and Y. The internalization of 67Ga-FRM001 into the cells was hardly observed. In mice biodistribution studies, 67Ga-FRM001 exhibited high accumulation in the tumor and the liver with rapid elimination rates from the blood. The hepatic accumulation of 67Ga-FRM001 was preferentially and significantly reduced by co-injecting a CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. The C-terminal–modified LY2510924 would constitute a versatile scaffold to develop CXCR4-targeting probes or therapeutics for tumor imaging or therapy.
Changing patterns and influencing factors of involuntary admissions following the implementation of China’s mental health law: A 4-year longitudinal investigation
Authors: Ma Hua-Jian , Xie Bin , Shao Yang , Huang Jing-Jing , Xiao Ze-Ping
Published: October 2019

Involuntary admission (IA) is limited to particular situations in mental health laws to protect patients from unnecessary coercion. China’s first national mental health law has been in effect since 2013; however, the status of IA has not been sufficiently explored. To explore the changing patterns of IA since the clinical application of the IA criteria specified in the new law, an investigation of IA status was undertaken in 14 periods (each period lasting for one month from 05/2013 to 05/2017) in the tertiary specialized psychiatric hospital in Shanghai. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 3733 patients were collected. The differences among IA rates in different periods were compared, and the characteristics of patients who were and were not involuntarily admitted were analysed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to clarify the independent variables of IA. The IA rate dramatically decreased after the implementation of the new law, while the overall trend gradually increased. The implementation of the IA risk criteria is effective, but IA is still common in China. The medical factors influencing IA following the implementation of the new law are similar to those in previous studies at home and abroad. Non-medical factors might be the main causes of the high IA rates in Chinese psychiatric institutions.
Dual light-induced in situ antibacterial activities of biocompatibleTiO2/MoS2/PDA/RGD nanorod arrays on titanium
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Zhang Xingyu , Yang Yongqiang , Chi Ruifang , Shi Jing , Hang Ruiqiang , Huang Xiaobo , Yao Xiaohong , Chu Paul K. , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: October 2019

Prevention of bacterial infection and promotion of osseointegration are two important issues for titanium (Ti) implants in medical research.
From a layered iridium(iii)–cobalt(ii) organophosphonate to an efficient oxygen-evolution-reaction electrocatalyst
Authors: Liao Chwen-Haw , Fan Kun , Bao Song-Song , Fan Hao , Wang Xi-Zhang , Hu Zheng , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zheng Li-Min
Published: October 2019

Porous layered iridium–cobalt MOF CoII2[IrIII(ppy-COOH)2(ppy-COO)]2(HOCH2PO3)·12H2O·2.5DMF, calcined under oxygen provides homogeneously distributed metal oxides and phosphate showing efficient catalytic properties for the OER.
Highly chemoselective, sterically sensitive NHC-catalysed amine acylation with pyridil
Authors: Maguire Amy C. , Kumar Vikas , Connon Stephen J.
Published: October 2019

A new strategy for the protection of amines has been developed involving reaction with pyridil under the influence of N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis.
New generations of spirobifluorene regioisomers for organic electronics: tuning electronic properties with the substitution pattern
Authors: Poriel Cyril , Sicard Lambert , Rault-Berthelot Joëlle
Published: October 2019

In the present feature article, we present the new generations of spirobifluorenes for organic electronics and we detail the impact of positional isomerism on the electronic properties and device performance.
Construction of seven- and eight-membered carbocycles by Lewis acid catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization
Authors: Otawa Yuna , Mori Keiji
Published: October 2019

Concise construction of seven- or eight-membered carbocycles was accomplished by Lewis acid catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization.
The unexpected effect of vacancies and wrinkling on the electronic properties of MoS2 layers
Authors: Negreiros Fábio R. , Soldano Germán J. , Fuentes Sergio , Zepeda Trino , José-Yacamán Miguel , Mariscal Marcelo M.
Published: October 2019

We report a combined experimental/theoretical approach to study the connection of S-vacancies and wrinkling on MoS2 layers, and how this feature produces significant changes in the electronic structure and reactivity of this 2D material.
Interfacial phenomena in nanocapacitors with multifunctional oxides
Authors: Kimmel A. V.
Published: October 2019

First principles simulations of Pt/PbZrTiO3interfaces demonstrate how interfacial interactions defines the effectiveness of the screening, and ease of polarisation switching in nanocapacitors with multifunctional oxide.
Carbon monoxide activation by atomic thorium: ground and excited state reaction pathways
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: October 2019

Ground and excited states of ThCO and OThC isomers are studied with multi-reference configuration interaction and coupled cluster methods. The potential energy profiles connecting the states of the two nearly isoenergetic molecules are constructed.
Electron transfer in extended systems: characterization by periodic density functional theory including the electronic coupling
Authors: Behara Pavan Kumar , Dupuis Michel
Published: October 2019

CP2K implementation describing electron transfer in extended systems treated by periodic-DFT, including the calculation of electronic coupling transition element VAB.
Near dissociation states for H2+–He on MRCI and FCI potential energy surfaces
Authors: Koner Debasish , San Vicente Veliz Juan Carlos , van der Avoird Ad , Meuwly Markus
Published: October 2019

Ro-vibrational states for H2+–He on new kernel-based potential energy surfaces based on MRCI and FCI calculations.
Citrate-gel preparation and ammonia synthesis activity of compounds in the quaternary (Ni,M)2Mo3N (M = Cu or Fe) systems
Authors: Al Sobhi Samia , Hargreaves Justin S. J. , Hector Andrew L. , Laassiri Said
Published: October 2019

Solid solutions based on copper and iron substitution into the nickel sites of Ni2Mo3N are produced using a citrate gel approach and used to catalyse ammonia synthesis.
Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of a 4,6-DMDBT containing model fuel by metal-free activated carbons: the key role of surface chemistry
Authors: Kampouraki Zoi Christina , Giannakoudakis Dimitrios A. , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos S. , Deliyanni Eleni A.
Published: October 2019

Commercial micro/mesoporous activated carbons were utilized as metal-free catalysts for the desulfurization of a model fuel, i.e. 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) in hexadecane, under ambient conditions. Oxidation of carbons led to a further catalytic improvement.
Polyethylenimine (PEI)-impregnated resin adsorbent with high efficiency and capacity for CO2 capture from flue gas
Authors: Bai Gaozhi , Han Yu , Du Panpeng , Fei Zhaoyang , Chen Xian , Zhang Zhuxiu , Tang Jihai , Cui Mifen , Liu Qing , Qiao Xu
Published: October 2019

The adsorbent showed a high capacity for CO2 with 3.60 mmol g−1 under flue gas conditions over 90 consecutive adsorption cycles.
Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases
Authors: Rudolf Jeffrey D. , Chang Chin-Yuan
Published: October 2019

Twelve families of enzymes that perform terpene synthase-like reactions but do not resemble canonical terpene synthases in sequence or structure are reviewed.
Seeded-growth of WS2 atomic layers: the effect on chemical and optical properties
Authors: Patsha Avinash , Sheff Vered , Ismach Ariel
Published: October 2019

The effect of the seed metal on the optical and chemical properties of the grown TMDs.
Head-to-head comparison of LNA, MPγPNA, INA and Invader probes targeting mixed-sequence double-stranded DNA
Authors: Emehiser Raymond G. , Hall Eric , Guenther Dale C. , Karmakar Saswata , Hrdlicka Patrick J.
Published: October 2019

Double-stranded (ds) Invader and INA probes allow for efficient and specific recognition of mixed-sequence dsDNA targets, whereas recognition is less efficient and specific with single-stranded LNA-modified DNA strands and fully modified MPγPNAs.
A Systematically Conducted Scoping Review of the Evidence and Fidelity of Treatments for Verb Deficits in Aphasia: Verb-in-Isolation Treatments
Authors: Hickin Julie , Cruice Madeline , Dipper Lucy
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Aphasia research demonstrates increasing interest in the treatment of verb retrieval deficits. This systematically conducted scoping review reports on the level and fidelity of the current evidence for verb treatments; on its effectiveness regarding the production of trained and untrained verbs, functional communication, sentences, and discourse; and on the potential active ingredients. Recommendations to guide clinical decision making and future research are made.

Method

The computerized database search included studies from January 1980 to September 2018. The level of evidence of each study was documented, as was fidelity in terms of treatment delivery, enactment, and receipt. Studies were also categorized according to the treatment methods used.

Results

Thirty-seven studies were accepted into the review, and all but 1 constituted a low level of evidence. Thirty-three studies (89%) described treatment in sufficient detail to allow replication, dosage was poorly reported, and the fidelity of treatment was rarely assessed. The most commonly reported treatment techniques were phonological and semantic cueing in 25 (67.5%) and 20 (54%) studies, respectively. Retrieval of trained verbs improved for 80% of participants, and improvements generalized to untrained verbs for 15% of participants. There was not sufficient detail to evaluate the impact of treatment on sentence production, functional communication, and discourse.

Conclusions

The evidence for verb treatments is predominantly of a low level. There are encouraging findings in terms of treatments being replicable; however, this is tempered by poor monitoring of treatment fidelity. The quality of verb treatment research would be improved by researchers reaching consensus regarding outcome measures (including generalization to, e.g., sentences and discourse) by manualizing treatment to facilitate implementation and exploring the opinions of participants. Finally, while treatment is largely effective in improving production of trained verbs, lack of generalization to untrained items leads to the recommendation that personally relevant verbs are prioritized.
Exploring Associations Between a Biological Marker of Chronic Stress and Reported Depression and Anxiety in People With Aphasia
Authors: Pompon Rebecca Hunting , Smith Alissa N. , Baylor Carolyn , Kendall Diane
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Living with the communication impairment of aphasia can be stressful. Chronic stress, depression, and anxiety are intimately linked, may be more pervasive in people with poststroke aphasia than the general population, and may influence cognitive function and treatment outcomes. In this project, we explored the psychological constructs of depression and anxiety and their associations with a biomarker measure of chronic stress in people with aphasia.

Method

Fifty-seven participants with aphasia completed measures of depression and anxiety and provided a hair sample from which to extract the stress hormone cortisol. Pearson product–moment correlational analyses were used to identify associations between depression, anxiety, and long-term level of cortisol via hair sample.

Results

While cortisol level was not associated with depression and anxiety across this sample of people with aphasia, a post hoc analysis showed a significant, positive correlation between a subset of participants with moderate and higher levels of depression and elevated cortisol level.

Conclusions

Chronic stress, depression, and anxiety have been little explored in people with aphasia to date, yet they are associated with future health consequences and impaired cognitive function, motivating further research as well as consideration of these factors in aphasia rehabilitation.
Misjudgement probability estimation of product inspection based on uncertainty
Authors: Fu Huadong , Cheng Yinbao , Wang Zhongyu , Li Hongli , Chen Xiaohuai , Lyu Jing
Published: October 2019

The product inspection process with measurement uncertainty as a quality indicator is researched. Based on the product quality control information and the design and processing precision, the relationship between the misjudgement probability and measurement uncertainty of conformance testing is established. In view of the limitation of uncertainty evaluation based on the single piece in product inspection, the method for evaluating uncertainty fusing multiple product measurement information in a fully integrated batch is proposed. The uncertainty components caused by the measurement repeatability and reproducibility of the whole test work are evaluated based on the conjugate Bayesian estimation method. The test results show that there is a certain false positive rate in the whole test of the product under the condition of uncertainty. Research results show that the misjudgement probability caused by the measurement uncertainty cannot be ignored. In the product test, batch detection information should be fully integrated to improve the representation of uncertainty evaluation results.
Optimisation estimation of uncertainty integrated with production information based on Bayesian fusion method
Authors: Cheng Yinbao , Fu Huadong , Lyu Jing , Wang Zhongyu , Li Hongli , Chen Xiaohuai
Published: October 2019

The new generation Geometrical Product Specifications require consideration of the effects of measurement uncertainty in the product inspection. This study estimated the measurement results and the uncertainty by integrating the statistical production information into the product detection results to rationally and fairly narrow the uncertainty area of qualification determination. Based on the Bayesian information fusion and statistical inference principle, the model of uncertainty evaluation is established. The Bayesian information fusion model integrated measuring information with manufacturing information was built, with which the uncertainty of product inspection was reappraised based on posteriori distribution function. The validity of the proposed method and theory was demonstrated by the example analysis.
Regional attention‐based single shot detector for SAR ship detection
Authors: Shiqi Chen , Ronghui Zhan , Jun Zhang
Published: October 2019

Automatic ship detection in SAR imagery has been playing a significant role in the field of marine monitoring but great challenges still exist in real‐time application. Despite the exciting progresses made by deep‐learning techniques, most detectors failed to yield locations of fairly high quality. Moreover, the ships with variant sizes and aspects are easily omitted especially for small objects under complicated background. To alleviate the above problem, the authors propose an elaborately designed single shot detection framework combined with attention mechanism, which roughly locates the regions of interest via an automatically learned attentional map. This lay the foundation of accurate positioning of extremely small objects since the background interference can be effectively suppressed. Furthermore, a multi‐level feature fusion module integrated in top‐down and bottom‐up manner is adopted to adequately aggregate features from not only adjacent but also distant layers. This strengthens local details and merge strong semantic information, enabling the generation of higher qualified anchors for the efficient detection of multi‐scale and multi‐orientated objects. Experiments on SAR ship dataset have achieved a promising result, surpassing current state‐of‐the‐art methods.
ChandraCOSMOS Legacy Survey: Clustering dependence of Type 2 active galactic nuclei on host galaxy properties
Authors: Allevato V. , Viitanen A. , Finoguenov A. , Civano F. , Suh H. , Shankar F. , Bongiorno A. , Ferrara A. , Gilli R. , Miyaji T. , Marchesi S. , Cappelluti N. , Salvato M.
Published: October 2019

Aims.We perform clustering measurements of 800 X-ray selectedChandraCOSMOS Legacy (CCL) Type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) with known spectroscopic redshift to probe the halo mass dependence on AGN host galaxy properties, such as galaxy stellar massMstar, star formation rate (SFR), and specific black hole accretion rate (BHAR;λBHAR) in the redshift rangez = [0−3].

Methods.We split the sample of AGN with known spectroscopic redshits according toMstar, SFR andλBHAR, while matching the distributions in terms of the other parameters, including redshift. We measured the projected two-point correlation functionwp(rp) and modeled the clustering signal, for the different subsamples, with the two-halo term to derive the large-scale biasband corresponding typical mass of the hosting halo.

Results.We find no significant dependence of the large-scale bias and typical halo mass on galaxy stellar mass and specific BHAR for CCL Type 2 AGN at meanz ∼ 1, while a negative dependence on SFR is observed, i.e. lower SFR AGN reside in richer environment. Mock catalogs of AGN, matched to have the same X-ray luminosity, stellar mass,λBHAR, and SFR of CCL Type 2 AGN, almost reproduce the observedMstar − Mh,λBHAR − Mhand SFR–Mhrelations, when assuming a fraction of satellite AGNfAGNsat∼ 0.15. This corresponds to a ratio of the probabilities of satellite to central AGN of being activeQ ∼ 2. Mock matched normal galaxies follow a slightly steeperMstar − Mhrelation, in which low mass mock galaxies reside in less massive halos than mock AGN of similar mass. Moreover, matched mock normal galaxies are less biased than mock AGN with similar specific BHAR and SFR, at least forQ >  1.
Evidence for anisotropy of cosmic acceleration
Authors: Colin Jacques , Mohayaee Roya , Rameez Mohamed , Sarkar Subir
Published: October 2019

Observations reveal a “bulk flow” in the local Universe which is faster and extends to much larger scales than are expected around a typical observer in the standard ΛCDM cosmology. This is expected to result in a scale-dependent dipolar modulation of the acceleration of the expansion rate inferred from observations of objects within the bulk flow. From a maximum-likelihood analysis of the Joint Light-curve Analysis catalogue of Type Ia supernovae, we find that the deceleration parameter, in addition to a small monopole, indeed has a much bigger dipole component aligned with the cosmic microwave background dipole, which falls exponentially with redshift z: q0 = qm + qd.n̂ exp(-z/S). The best fit to data yields qd = −8.03 and S = 0.0262 (⇒d ∼ 100 Mpc), rejecting isotropy (qd = 0) with 3.9σ statistical significance, while qm = −0.157 and consistent with no acceleration (qm = 0) at 1.4σ. Thus the cosmic acceleration deduced from supernovae may be an artefact of our being non-Copernican observers, rather than evidence for a dominant component of “dark energy” in the Universe.
Improving the technical and environmental performance of piston engines by upgrading the fuel system
Authors: Kochev N. S. , Zhilkin B. P. , Plotnikov L. V.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the dispersion of superheated water through cylindrical channels and nozzles of piston internal combustion engines under different initial conditions. The advantages and disadvantages of modern diesel engine fuel systems are discussed in the article. The process of explosive boiling in relation to the fuel system of a piston engine is formulated and briefly described. A description of the laboratory setup and methods of conducting experiments is given in the article. The results of the visualization of sprayed superheated water through a cylindrical channel and through a diesel engine nozzle of 21/21 dimension are presented. The original scheme of the fuel system for a diesel engine using the effect of explosive boiling is proposed. Preliminary estimates have shown that the use of such a fuel system will increase the reliability of the combustion chamber elements of a piston engine, reduce specific fuel consumption (up to 2%) and reduce the amount of harmful substances in exhaust gases (an average of 12% compared with traditional fuel systems).
Calculation of temperature and velocity fields in the furnace chambers of tube ovens
Authors: Sadykov A. V. , Vafin D. B.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the results of calculations of velocity and temperature fields in the radiation chamber of an energy-intensive technological tubular oven during the combustion of methane in air using acoustic burners of floor flame. The calculation method is based on the joint numerical solution of difference analogs of three-dimensional equations of energy transfer by radiation, convection and turbulent thermal conductivity, the movement of flue gases and the methane combustion model in the air. The radiation selectivity of flue gases is taken into account using a six-band model. The paper contains a diagram showing the organization of a three-dimensional modelling of acoustic burners. It also represents the isotherms of combustion products, the lines of the velocity vectors in the radiation chamber, distributions of surface densities of heat fluxes to the heating surface.
Computer model of the power system with inclusion of a heat pump in the process of separation
Authors: Plotnikova L. V. , Chilikova I. I. , Sitnikov S. Y. , Ukhlin V. E. , Efremov G. I. , Kislov A.P.
Published: October 2019

The results of computer simulation of industrial processes of separation of substances with the inclusion of a heat pump are presented. Designs of heat pumps of closed type, open type, like “pipe in pipe” are considered. In the simulation software Aspen HYSYS, the adequacy of the computer model of the “rectification unit – closed type heat pump” system was checked. The results of computer simulation of the “rectification unit – open-type heat pump ’pipe in pipe’” system are presented. This system allows to increase the efficiency of the unit by 9% compared with the system of separation of substances with the inclusion of an open-type heat pump and by 14% compared with a system with the inclusion of a closed-type heat pump.
Improvement of the technical excellence of multiparameter relay protection by combining the signals of the measuring fault detectors using artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Kulikov A. L. , Loskutov A. A. , Mitrovic M.
Published: October 2019

The features of the dielectric rod defects and the rod-electrod defects of polymer insulators were investigated by using the developed complex method of contactless remote diagnostics of high-voltage insulators health, which includes the initial detection of local areas with elevated electric field gradients as well as measurement of a set of partial discharges characteristics. The radiation of extra-large partial discharges was detected and partial discharges features were investigated. According to the measurement results, a diagram was constructed for the electro-physical processes that accompany the emission of extra-large partial discharges; and the reasons for their occurrence were established.
Assessment of efficiency and prospects for the use of hybrid thermal low-capacity power plants in the Republic of Vietnam
Authors: Nguen D. T. , Pham D. N. , Mingaleeva G. R. , Afanaseva O. V. , Zunino P.
Published: October 2019

The growing demand for energy and fossil fuels creates increased number of difficulties, while renewable energy sources are still rarely used worldwide, particularly in Vietnam. In this article hybrid thermal power plants based on gas turbine plants are discussed, the increased efficiency of which is achieved by air heating after the compressor in solar air heaters. The basic design equations and the results of evaluating the efficiency and fuel consumption are presented for two thermal power plants of 4.6 MW and 11.8 MW. The dependence of the results on the intensity of solar extraction for the climatic conditions of the Ninh Thuan province of the Republic of Vietnam is discussed.
Improvement of power supply reliability by means of remote control of the automatic repeated switching-on of sectionalizing circuit-breakers
Authors: Fomin I. , Belikov R. , Zelyukin V. , Mikhailova E.V.
Published: October 2019

An important direction in improving the technical and economic level of technologies and agricultural production machinery is to ensure high reliability of power supply. Power interruptions cause damage to both agricultural consumers and power supply organizations. Therefore, obtaining on-line information about the occurrence of emergency operating conditions, and, therefore, minimizing the time for making operational decisions on their elimination, is an urgent task. Known methods and technical control means are complex, expensive and not effective enough. At the same time, they have both advantages and disadvantages. In this respect, it is very important to work out efficient technical means of remote control of power line sectionalizing circuit-breakers of the agro-industrial complex on the basis of innovative methods of monitoring. The proposed control method is implemented in a device for remote control of the overhead line circuit-breaker operation based on an analog-to-digital converter, with subsequent software-based processing of the received data on a computer. This method implementation of circuit breaker opening remote control will improve power supply reliability of agricultural consumers.
Research of experimental hybrid energy complex with fuel cells operating on biogas
Authors: Loskutov A. B. , Sosnina E. N. , Chivenkov A. I. , Kryukov E. V. , Shashkin A. P.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the development of a hybrid energy complex (HEC) based on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) operating on biogas. Low maneuverability of SOFC prevents a widespread use of such power installations in consumers’ power supply systems. The authors have developed the design of the HEC and an active-adaptive control system that allows solving the problem of SOFC low maneuverability. An experimental HEC consisting of a SOFC generation system, an accumulation system, a coupling system and a control system have been created. The research of the experimental HEC characteristics and the possibility of developing emergency situations during its operation has been carried out. The results of the charge and discharge characteristics of the accumulation system research, as well as the current and voltage dependences of the HEC coupling system are presented. The conducted studies have proved the effectiveness of the developed scientific and technical innovations.
Calculation of loading ability of power transformers taking into account electromechanical characteristics
Authors: Micu D. D. , Rusina A. G. , Naumov O. V. , Gorlov A. N.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents calculation of operation modes of power transformers aiming at determination of optimum loading at which the transformer performance coefficient reaches its maximum. Options for increasing the efficiency of power transformers operation at industrial enterprises are proposed.
Choice of commutation device and development of the scheme of a universal sectionalizing point with automatic load transfer function for the 0.38 kV electric network
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Vinogradova A. V. , Ward M. O. , Kharkhardin A. N. , Psaryov A. I. , Afanasyeva T. I.
Published: October 2019

The overestimated length of rural power lines of 0.38 kV leads to the fact that it is often not possible to fulfill both the sensitivity conditions of the protective device installed at the transformer substation and protecting the line from overloads and short circuits, and the requirements of the power supply reliability of consumers. This problem can be solved by installing in-line universal sectionalizing point equipped with an automatic load transfer function. The use of these devices allows dividing a line into sections provides the necessary sensitivity of protection for each section of the line and the possibility of supplying power to undamaged areas from a backup power source. In addition, only with the use of automated switching devices installed in power lines, it is possible to create intelligent electrical networks. When developing these devices, it is necessary to take into account the electromechanical characteristics of switching devices that are planned to be used for switching lines.
Issues on optimization of operating modes of power transformers
Authors: Alyunov A.N. , Vyatkina O.S. , Akhmetova I.G. , Pentiuc R.D. , Sakipov K.E.
Published: October 2019

The article presents measure to optimize the operating modes of power transformers in order to minimize losses of electrical energy. The influence of actual voltage and service life of power transformers on electric power losses is shown. It was proposed to determine the economic capacity of power transformers taking into account the indicated factors, as well as taking into account the time of transformer switching on into the electric network and the form of the load schedule.
Energy model of electric drive of centrifugal borehole pump
Authors: Vodovozov A. , Chernyaeva N. , Zaripova D.A. , Zhakishev B.A. , Sarzhanov D.K.
Published: October 2019

A mathematical model of an electric drive of a centrifugal borehole pump is proposed for evaluating its energy consumption in operating conditions. The model is based on the use of minimum set of technical parameters of the pump, presented in the public data of the manufacturer. The correctness of the calculated formulas is confirmed by experimental data provided in the program for equipment search and selection from Grundfos Product Center. Based on the created model, a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency of products from various manufacturers was made. It is proved that when choosing a centrifugal borehole pump of the local water supply system, it is necessary to pay attention to the energy efficiency indicators of electric drive in order to make a final decision.
Methodical approach to assessing the effectiveness of the management system of thermal power plants in Russia
Authors: Okley P. I. , Lozenko V. K. , Inamov R. I.
Published: October 2019

Physical deterioration of thermal power plants based on hydrocarbon fuels leads to technological violations (TV) in their work. Low rates of renewal of thermal generation predetermines the further exploitation of old capacities. In this regard, the activity of the management of energy holdings (EH) is more focused on maintaining the equipment in working condition. The methods, approaches and tools underlying decision-making by the management of energy holding companies are different, respectively, the results of the functioning of the organized management systems (MS) of each company are also different. To assess the effectiveness of the management system it is proposed to use such a generalized indicator as the number of technological violations per year per 1 GW of installed capacity.
Assessment of the efficiency of energy-and resource-saving technologies in the model of open innovation
Authors: Shinkevich A. I. , Kudryavtseva S. S. , Dyrdonova A. N. , Gallyamova D. K. , Farrakhova A. A. , Vodolazhskaya E. I.
Published: October 2019

The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that the issues of resource-saving technologies implementation in the model of open innovation have not been fully addressed yet and require further study and systematization of the determining factors, which is especially important on the back of the transition to a new technological pattern and the use of the emerging technological opportunity windows. The solution of the problems mentioned will reveal new opportunities for qualitative and quantitative growth of production systems by improving the innovation targeting in the field of resource saving and energy efficiency. The purpose of the article is to identify the functional dependence between the Networked Readiness Index and the emerging technological opportunity windows in order to improve the efficiency of resource-saving technologies in open innovation and production systems. The main research methods underlying the article include the method of description used to identify trends in the Networked Readiness Index across the globe, the correlation analysis method used to identify a close relationship between the Networked Readiness Index and indicators of state support granted to the innovations in production, and the regression analysis method used to build a regression model of the dependence between the resource-saving system and production indicators. The article touches upon the aspects of improving the resource-saving system efficiency in the framework of the open innovation model in the field of production. The correlation between the Networked Readiness Index and the indicators of the state institutions quality characterizing the level of innovation support provided to the industry across the world countries has been revealed, and the functional connection between the use of waste at petrochemical plants and the petrochemical products shipped has been proved using the emerging economies as an example. The materials of the article can be used in the development of strategies and programs aimed to improve the resource-saving system efficiency in petrochemical companies of developing countries, taking into account the emerging technological opportunity windows and technology readiness of the production for innovative transformations.
Reserves for improving the efficiency of petrochemical production on the basis of “Industry 4.0”
Authors: Shinkevich A. I. , Barsegyan N. V. , Shinkevich M. V. , Ostanina S. S. , Galimulina F. F. , Nadezhdina M. E.
Published: October 2019

One of the current problems in the industrial complex is the issue of resource saving and energy efficiency, which is confirmed by the relevant government programs, strategies, regulatory documents. The solution of the problem of increasing the efficiency of the organization of production systems requires the definition and development of the necessary mechanisms, in particular, by automating production processes. The article analyses the key trends in the development of the concept of “industry 4.0” in the petrochemical industry. The factors influencing efficiency of the organization of production systems are revealed. The main directions promoting development and improvement of the organization of production are defined. It considers the basic tools of process improvements, process automation, petrochemical plants: work on the system of just-in-time, 5S system of rationalization of the workplace, different information systems, particularly ERP systems, CALS-technologies. Advantages of automation of production processes at the enterprises of petrochemical complex are defined.