bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Media Analytics and Business Performance
Authors:   Galgotias University, ASHRAF FAIZAN
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the crucial role of social media analytics in enhancing business performance. With the exponential growth of social media platforms, businesses are increasingly leveraging these platforms to connect with customers, drive engagement, and boost sales. Social media analytics enables businesses to extract valuable insights from the vast amount of data generated on these platforms, allowing for informed decision-making and targeted marketing strategies. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, this paper highlights the various ways in which social media analytics contributes to improving business performance, including customer sentiment analysis, competitor benchmarking, trend identification, and campaign optimization. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing social media analytics initiatives and provides recommendations for businesses seeking to maximize the impact of their social media efforts on overall performance. Overall, this paper underscores the transformative potential of social media analytics in driving business success in the digital age.
การศึกษาองค์ประกอบของการจัดการโลจิสติกส์เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวแบบยั่งยืนของอุทยานธรณีสตูล
Authors: อนุรักษากรกุล พรรณิภา , เฮงพัฒนา สุวิมล
Published: May 2024

การศึกษาองค์ประกอบของการจัดการโลจิสติกส์เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวแบบยั่งยืนอุทยานธรณีสตูล เพื่อหาแนวทางการจัดการโลจิสติกส์เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวของอุทยานธรณีสตูลแบบยั่งยืน เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยใช้ข้อมูลทุติยภูมิจากแผนแม่บทการบริหารจัดการอุทยานธรณีสตูล ข้อมูลการท่องเที่ยวของจังหวัดสตูล แผนยุทธศาสตร์การพัฒนาจังหวัดสตูล ตลอดจนเอกสารจากกรมทรัพยากรธรณี ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิด้านอุปทานที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ประกอบด้วย การลงพื้นที่สำรวจสถานการณ์การจัดการ                    โลจิสติกส์เพื่อการท่องเที่ยว 28 แห่งของอุทยานธรณีสตูล การสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งภาครัฐและภาคเอกชน ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิด้านอุปสงค์จากการสำรวจนักท่องเที่ยวที่มาเที่ยวอุทยานธรณีสตูล จำนวน 400 คน การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลใช้สถิติเชิงพรรณนาและการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา
          ผลการวิจัยพบว่า องค์ประกอบของการจัดการโลจิสติกส์เพื่อการท่องเที่ยวแบบยั่งยืนของอุทยานธรณีสตูลมี 4 องค์ประกอบหลัก คือ การขนส่ง สิ่งอำนวยความสะดวกแก่นักท่องเที่ยว ทรัพยากรทางธรณีวิทยาและภูมิทัศน์ และการจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อม โดยใช้ปัจจัยสนับสนุน 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ เทคโนโลยีและสารสนเทศ นวัตกรรม และการพัฒนาที่ยั่งยืน แนวทางการพัฒนาในแต่ละองค์ประกอบคือ 1) การขนส่ง ชุมชนแต่ละอปท.ควรลงทุนให้บริการรถโดยสารสาธารณะในรูปรถสองแถวไม้ที่มีเอกลักษณ์ของอุทยานธรณีสตูล สร้างแอพลิเคชั่น Geopark Grab and Guide 2) สิ่งอำนวยความสะดวก สร้างเครือข่ายชุมชนให้บริการบ้านพักแบบโฮมสเตย์เพื่อรองรับนักท่องเที่ยวในช่วงฤดูกาลท่องเที่ยว ร้านอาหารควรมีตราฮาลาล 3) ด้านทรัพยากรทางธรณีวิทยาและภูมิทัศน์ พัฒนาภูมิทัศน์โดยรอบพื้นที่อุทยานธรณีสตูล คำนึงถึงรูปลักษณ์และสถาปัตยกรรมดั้งเดิม มีการวิจัยเพื่อประเมินถึงความเต็มใจที่จะจ่ายของนักท่องเที่ยวเพื่อกำหนดค่าธรรมเนียมในการเข้าอุทยานและแหล่งท่องเที่ยวอย่างเหมาะสม แหล่งท่องเที่ยวที่อยู่ในเขตพื้นที่ที่ดูแลโดยหน่วยงานราชการต้องมีการบูรณาการการทำงานร่วมกัน และ 4) การจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อม องค์การปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นต้องร่วมกันรับผิดชอบในการป้องกันมลภาวะ โดยเฉพาะในฤดูกาลท่องเที่ยวที่มีนักท่องเที่ยวจำนวนมาก
What Factors Within the Context of a Romantic Relationship and the
Couple’s Finances Are Related to the Level of Religiosity among Contemporary Emerging
Adults?
Authors: Wheeler Brandan E. , Wilmoth Joe D. , Phillips Tommy M. , Brooks Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Research has identified the beneficial nature of
spirituality/religiosity towards people’s general, psychological, and relational
well-being despite a decline in religiosity among Americans, particularly among the
younger generations. Research also suggests religiosity influences important relational
factors, such as entering cohabiting relationships, but that these relational factors
may also influence participants’ level of religiosity in a reciprocal effect. Therefore,
the purpose of the current study was to explore how demographic, relational, and
financial factors influence young adults’ level of religiosity within the context of a
romantic relationship and the couples’ finances. Results from the current study suggest
the length of the relationship and favorability towards cohabitation were related
negatively to participants’ religiosity while waiting longer to initiate sexual
intercourse, greater trust and commitment, greater financial well-being, and greater
financial anxiety were related positively to participants’ religiosity. Implications are
discussed.
The Role of Dietary Peptides and the Gut Bacteria in Maintaining Intestinal and Homeostatic Balance
Authors: Khan Asif Iqbal , Xin Yi
Published: May 2024

The gut bacteria and the host have a mutually beneficial relationship. This complex interdependence plays a critical role in resource collection via prebiotic carbohydrate breakdown in the intestinal tract, the supply of important nutrients, vitamin synthesis, metabolic operations and maintenance, as well as sheltering against colonization of pathogens, and opportunistic fungal infections. This leads to ‘gut microbiota homeostasis’ or ‘gut microbial equilibrium’, i.e., a stable and healthy gastrointestinal tract microbial community. In this review, we discuss the gut micro biome’s role in the development of the immune system, including oral tolerance and immunity. The therapeutic approach must begin with the interaction of functional foods and enterocytes. Furthermore, we discuss current knowledge and the promising application of functional foods that may stimulate the immune system to perform a further pro- or anti-inflammatory activity in the gastrointestinal system. When evaluating the immune system function of nutraceuticals, designs that modulate the membrane must be used whenever possible. Moreover, nutraceutical products’ claim to be immunity boosters should have valid and accurate data to back it up. While assessing the stimulation of blood cell immunity through functional foods is more useful, it does not accurately reflect physical reality, and an investigation into the colonic immune response is a better way to understand it.
Evaluating Fluoxetine's Growth-Inhibitory Impact on Clinical Isolates of Enteric Bacteria: Harnessing Repurposing Potential
Authors: Shoaib Affhan , Sultan Aimen , Shafiq Jazib , Abbas Ghulam , Soomro Rimsha , Raza Yasir
Published: May 2024

The over-the-counter use and imprudent utilization of antibiotics in recent times have led to the emergence of microbial resistance. This has given rise to an alarming situation, prompting researchers to explore novel strategies for managing infections induced by antibiotic-resistant species. However, the process of drug discovery is time-consuming and expensive, which makes it a challenging endeavor. In recent years, drug repurposing has gained significant attention as an alternative strategy. Notably, several antidepressants have piqued interest as potential candidates for repositioning as antibiotics. Thus, the present study was aimed at investigating the anti-bacterial potential of different classes of antidepressants i.e., fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and phenelzine in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The strains were cultivated on Mueller Hinton agar, with the aforementioned antidepressants or conventional antibiotics. Following a 24-hour incubation period, the extent of growth inhibition was assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition, serving as an indicator of their inhibitory potential. The findings showed that fluoxetine arrested the growth of almost all isolates with maximal effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The impact of venlafaxine was exclusively observed in Enterobacter aerogenes, with phenelzine demonstrating complete ineffectiveness in bacterial growth suppression. In conclusion, the current study elucidates the efficacy of fluoxetine in clinical isolates, thereby positioning it as a promising contender for the advancement of novel antimicrobial agents. Additionally, our data raises questions regarding the proposed mechanisms of antibacterial action for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and challenges the notion of dysbiosis as a potential mode of action for antidepressants.
Effect of Polymer Type, Concentration and Formulation Technique on Mucoadhesive Strength and Swelling Index of Clarithromycin Tablets
Authors: Muhammad Ramzan  , Hussain Abid , Saeed Humaira
Published: May 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effect of polymer type, concentration, and formulation technique on mucoadhesion and the Swelling Index of matrix tablets. Tablets were formulated by wet-granulation, solid dispersions, and direct compression techniques using different polymers in different concentrations (D:P 5:1, 5:2, and 5:3). Swelling Index and Mucoadhesive strength were analyzed for all the formulations (F1-15). The physicochemical parameters of the tablets were found to be within the acceptable limit. The swelling index for matrix tablets (F1-15) prepared by wet-granulations technique was found to be ranging from 33.81±2.42 - 67.36±0.77; by solid dispersions technique ranging from 34.02±1.32 - 65.09±1.08; by direct compression technique ranging from 36.82±2.02 - 68.35±1.73, after 6 hours. Mucoadhesive strength ranged from 13.673 ± 1.542 to 40.378 ± 2.345N, increasing with an increase in the polymer concentrations. The study helped to find the drug's optimum formulation with excellent bio-adhesive strength.
Association Between Cytochrome P450 2C9 Gene Polymorphisms and Blood Pressure in Response to Losartan
Authors: Qayyum Attia , Ashraf Waseem , Javaid Sana , Imran Imran , Kaukab Iram
Published: May 2024

To identify the genetic contribution to the variation in blood pressure (BP) response to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 gene were evaluated for their association with BP response to Losartan in Pakistani patients with hypertension. We selected 100 hypertensive patients and genotyped them for CYP2C9*1, *2, and *3. Our results show that 40% of patients were responsive to antihypertensive treatment as per the defined criteria (a reduction of at least 10mm systolic & 5mm diastolic). More than 63% of patients who had wild-type CYP2C9 genotype did not respond to antihypertensive therapy, the rest did respond to the antihypertensive therapy. Similarly, more than 46% of patients having one of the polymorphic genotypes did not respond to therapy while the rest did. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups and hence polymorphism in the CYP2C9 gene in our hypertensive cohort had no association with the antihypertensive therapy including Losartan. Since our study has a relatively low sample size, we encourage larger studies to replicate and confirm these findings.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Response and the Impact of CYP2C19 Metabolizer Status
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

A particular class of antidepressants called selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors (SSRIs) are subjected to altered metabolism as a result of variations in the CYP2C19 gene. Clinicians do take into account the CYP2C19 variations whilst making a pharmacogenomic recommendation. However, the clear links between the efficacy and safety of the drugs to the genetic variations in metabolism are yet to be established. Campos et al, intended to address this question by investigating CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the associated metabolism as well as patient-reported response in a cohort of 9531 patients subjected to SSRIs as part of their regimen. CYP2C19 alleles were the determining factor for metabolizer status. Rapid metabolizers demonstrated higher tolerability but poor metabolizers reported higher efficacy, across all medications. Greater differences were seen in reporting adverse effects for sertraline in various metabolizer groups. The results for tolerability, efficacy and adverse effects, and metabolizer state were in line with previous predictions. Their study did not see slow metabolizers to be at a greater risk for side effects without clinical titration adjustments.  Still, both interventional and longitudinal studies such as randomized clinical trials including the whole spectrum of metabolizers are essential to determine the association between CYP2C19 metabolizers and the effects on SSRI treatment efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacogenomics J. 2022 Mar;22(2):130-135.
Plasma Level Determination and Pharmacogenetics of Clozapine
Authors: Editorial Staff
Published: May 2024

Sanguesa et al., undertook an investigation to discern the differences in the levels of Clozapine (CLZ) in plasma and determine the pharmacogenetic and sociodemographic factors that influence it as well as introduce these tools in a clinical setting. In a group of 23 patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders CLZ concentration in plasma were measured alongside CLZ pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Their findings revealed that smoking status, age, and weight were significantly associated with mean concentration/dose ratio (C/D). Gender and mean CLZ concentrations also demonstrated a significant difference. Smokers having the genotype rs762551 AA had a significantly lower C/D ratio. The authors concluded that measuring CLZ levels in plasma with pharmacogenetics as well as classical factors produced greater individualization of treatment. Per Med. 2022 May;19(3):181-192.
Precision Medicine and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Siraj Sami
Published: May 2024

Precision medicine focuses on understanding the heterogeneity of cancer at the individual patient level. Cancer may develop from multiple genetic mutations, and each cancer cell might have its own genetic makeup. The individualized features of cancer contribute to the challenge of developing an effective chemotherapy regimen. The advances in synthetic biology and single-cell RNA sequencing technologies have made it possible to longitudinally track the dynamic changes of gene expression in cancer cells during chemotherapy. This understanding can be translated into developing individualized chemotherapy regimens.
Precision medicine can be used to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy and predict the likelihood of chemoresistance. Currently, the response of cancer to chemotherapy is mostly assessed through a single-endpoint measurement using imaging technologies such as computed tomography. This approach is limited because it is not sensitive to tumor dormancy and cancer heterogeneity. The recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies now enable the detection of residual cancer cells and tumor dormancy. This information can be used to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy and predict the likelihood of chemoresistance.
Precision medicine can be used to identify genetic variations that may influence how a patient will respond to a particular drug. The information so obtained can then be used to help the healthcare provider choose the most appropriate chemotherapy regimen for each patient. In addition, precision medicine can be used to predict which patients may be more likely to experience serious side effects from chemotherapy, and can help to guide preventive strategies, such as dose adjustments or pre-treatment with other medications.
Although precision medicine is increasingly being used to help tailor cancer chemotherapy to the individual patient to maximize the efficacy of the treatment and minimize side effects, it holds great promise in cancer chemotherapy only when backed by strong evidence. To fully realize the potential of precision medicine, it is important to consider the following issues. First, precision medicine approaches need to be integrated into clinical decision-making. Second, there is a need to develop robust and reliable biomarkers for precision medicine. Third, it is important to develop a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of cancer. Fourth, it is necessary to develop efficient computational methods for analyzing high-throughput sequencing data. Finally, it is important to establish a robust infrastructure for storing and sharing precision medicine data
Sami Siraj
Editor-In-Chief
Precision Medicine Communications
Biomarker-Guided Drug Repurposing and Molecular Validation of Angiotensin-2 Receptor Type-1 in Brain Tumor
Authors: Konain Kiran , Faheem Muhammad , Ullah Kamran , Ayub Shahid , Ahmed Jawad , Huma Zilli , Javed Aneela , Khan Tanzila , Hussain Deema , Khan Ishaq N
Published: May 2024

Glioma, the most frequent and malignant brain tumor, is one of the most lethal forms of cancer. Among a wide range of aberrantly expressed genes, Angiotensin-2 Receptor Type-1 (AGTR1) is reported to be up-regulated in glioma and associated with aggressive tumor traits and progression. The current study evaluates the anticancer potential of commonly used angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan. A total of eleven, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ARBs were selected, and eight drugs were docked against the AGTR1 receptor. The antihypertensive drug with the highest docking score was selected for in vitro experimentation. Half maximal inhibitory concentration was determined and subsequently applied to patient-derived glioma cell lines. Quantitative gene expression post-drug treatment was determined through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In vitro growth inhibitory assays revealed that telmisartan at a dose of 45±0.06 μM was able to inhibit 50% of the cell population in malignant glioma U87 cell lines. The PCR results show that AGTR1 expression in the untreated sample was high, as evidenced by 2-ΔΔCt values (342.4, 138.5, 1467.3) for sample IK148-Glioblastma multiform (GBM), IK163-low grade glioma (LGG), and IK231-Medulloblastoma (MDB), respectively. The comparison was made with positive control U-87 cell lines. Following the drug treatment, an increase in the cycle threshold (Ct) mean value for AGTR1 was observed, coinciding with a decrease in mean fold changes of 0.06±0.8, 0.5±2.0, and 0.02±0.02 for GBM, LGG, and MDB samples, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that telmisartan exhibits successful inhibitory effects against AGTR1 expression in glioma cell lines.
Pharmacogenetics of Tacrolimus in Solid Organ Transplant Patients
Authors: Ali Shah Furqan , Ali Amanat , Bader Zarafshan , Hassan Gul
Published: May 2024

Tacrolimus is one of the most important immunosuppressant drugs used in organ transplants. The primary enzymes responsible for the metabolism of tacrolimus are cytochrome P450 3A4 and CYP3A5. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes, in particular, have been connected to changes in tacrolimus metabolism and clearance. Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic index and dose monitoring and adjustment are required.
Pharmacogenetic analyses have demonstrated that CYP3A5 genotypes account for a substantial amount of the variation in tacrolimus metabolism and clearance. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetics have also been widely studied in relation to ABCB1 polymorphisms, and some studies have demonstrated a notable impact on tacrolimus hepatic concentrations. Contradictory findings, however, have been documented, highlighting the necessity for more research in this field. In this manuscript, we compiled, reviewed, and discussed pharmacogenetic studies showing associations of genetic polymorphism with the efficacy and/or adverse effects of tacrolimus in solid organ transplant patients. We argue that knowledge of the function of genetic markers—specifically, SNPs in the CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes—is essential to maximizing the use of tacrolimus in clinical settings. This knowledge makes it possible to create customized treatment plans that will improve tacrolimus's effectiveness and safety for organ transplant recipients. Tacrolimus medication tailored to each patient based on genetic markers presents a viable way to enhance outcomes for organ transplant recipients. We recommend that tacrolimus dosage be customized to each patient's distinct genetic profile by identifying particular SNPs in the CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes. By doing this, the danger of side effects can be reduced and the drug's effectiveness can be maximized.
Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill
Authors: Hassan Iram , Haq Azhar Ul , Shah Syed Majid , Akhtar Irfana , Begum Asma , Shaheen Shabnum
Published: May 2024

Inflammation is a live tissue's immunological reaction to an allergen or injury to a bodily component. The majority of anti-inflammatory medicines are synthetic, and long-term usage of these medications can have serious side effects and harm the human biological system. Medicago laciniata, sometimes known as cutleaf medick traditionally used as an abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antidiabetic. The goal of this study was to scientifically document the anti-inflammatory activity of the aerial portions of Medicago laciniata. For this purpose, extraction was carried out using solvents ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to check the presence of important secondary metabolites followed by applying the carrageenan-induced edema hind paw method to test the anti-inflammatory efficacy of both extracts. The result showed the presence of secondary flavonoids steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity showed that after five hours, the maximum reduction of 70.90% and 69.29% were observed for ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts respectively, each at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. This study suggests that Medicago laciniata has an excellent ability to protect against inflammation due to the presence of secondary metabolites.
Cardioprotective Effects of Malus Domestica (Apple) May be Mediated Through Antiplatelet, Calcium Channel Blocking, and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Rukhsana Nawaz  , Hina Ishtiaq  , Tanzeel Huma Anwar
Published: May 2024

Research on the cardioprotective potential of Malus domestica (MD or apple) has been of considerable importance and efforts are being increasingly focused on investigating their effects on human health. However, relatively little work has been done to investigate the cardioprotective effects of crude extract of MD. In the present study, the antioxidant potential of crude methanolic extract of MD fruit part was investigated by measuring its effects on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in blood samples. Anti-platelet and calcium channel blocking activities were also investigated. Our results reveal that crude methanolic extract of MD showed a significant concentration-dependent increase in GPx, and SOD, but not in TAS compared with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) used as negative control and vitamin C, as a positive control. Furthermore, crude extract of MD inhibited calcium channels and showed strong antiplatelet effects against arachidonic acid and platelet-activating factor-induced platelet aggregation. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of MD may be mediated through multiple pathways including calcium antagonizing, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.
The Global Revival of Interest in the Herbal Medicine
Authors: Ahmed Sagheer
Published: May 2024

Herbal medicines and nutraceuticals are becoming increasingly popular and more and more individuals are turning to these products to tackle a wide range of health-related issues. In the last 10 years alone, the use of herbal medicine has spiked significantly in the world, where herbal and natural drug preparations have made their way into drug stores, food stores, and supermarkets. About 70% of the global population which make up about 4 billion people see herbal medicines as the primary source of health care. Orthodox medicinal practice and the use of herbs is an essential part of the culture of these communities
The United Kingdom, North America, Europe, and Australia are also beginning to recognize the benefits of herbal remedies and are working to bring Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) into mainstream therapeutics. UK and Europe, interestingly, have a well-reported history when it comes to the use of traditional herbal medicines. The primary school of thought behind the uplift in the use of herbal medicines is that it will promote a healthier lifestyle among the population of rich countries where obesity and sedentary lifestyle are bigger problems. Considered a moderate approach to healing, people in developed countries spend billions on herbal medicines as traditional home remedies and over-the-counter drugs. Henceforth, it is reasonable to conclude that the sales of traditional medicines will rise and this boom will allow herbal products to make a substantial chunk of the international drug market
With the advent of herbal medicines and their use becoming increasingly common, questions with regard to their safety are also being raised. Herbal medicines, even today, remain untested and most of their use goes unregulated despite the fact that they bear significant therapeutic potential. Henceforth, there is little information about the potentially harmful effects of these products and how their use can be rationalized. The safety of these traditional therapies is further questioned due to the absence of quality control, poor labeling, and insufficient patient information. It is vital that healthcare professionals and the general public both be made aware of the traditional medicines in order to ensure maximum health benefits for them as well as enhance the quality of these herbal products. However, challenges remain to tackle matters pertaining to the toxicity of herbal medicines as well as the factors that are associated with increasing/decreasing them. It is time to ensure the safety of these traditional herbal products by drawing the attention of the regulatory bodies to the need of making sure appropriate safety of public health.
Pharmacological Investigation of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Ficus carica against Thyroxine-induced Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Jabeen Qaiser , Umair Muhammad , Anwaar Mariya , Qadeer Maria
Published: May 2024

Plants have been considered the best alternatives to chemical entities. Therefore, Ficus carica L. (Fig) was selected to investigate its protective role against experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism. A 70% aqueous methanolic extract of F. carica (Fc.Cr) was prepared, and a phytochemical analysis was performed. A thyroxine-induced hyperthyroidism model was used for the pharmacological evaluation of Fc.Cr. Rats were divided into different groups; the normal control group was given distilled water (5ml/kg; p.o.), and other groups were administered thyroxine (600µg/kg; p.o.) for 14 days. After induction of hyperthyroidism, the intoxicated group was administered distilled water (5ml/kg; p.o.), whereas treatment groups were administered Fc.Cr (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg; p.o.) and carbimazole, the standard drug (20mg/kg; p.o.) individually for the next 21 days. After induction and treatment, blood was drawn through the retro-orbital puncture, sera were separated, and the levels of thyroid hormones were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of secondary metabolites, i.e., alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, terpenes etc. The results showed dose-dependent effects of Fc.Cr, as evident from the increase in serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and decrease in T3 and T4 levels, indicating its potential for managing hyperthyroidism. Acute toxicity assay of Fc.Cr was also performed and found to be safe up to 10 g/kg. Hence, the study's results rationalize the traditional use of Ficus carica to manage hyperthyroidism.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antileishmanial Potential of Isolated Compounds from Ifloga spicata
Authors: Majid Shah Syed , Shoaib Muhammad , Hussain Sajid , Ali Fawad , Manzoor Zahra Batool , Ullah Farman , Ahmad Khan Saeed
Published: May 2024

Ifloga spicata is a tiny annual herb of the Asteraceae family. It is used to treat a wide range of disorders, including heart diseases, skin diseases, and leishmaniasis. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of compounds isolated from Ifloga spicata for controlling leishmaniasis, via a combination of in vitro and in silico studies. Ifloga spicata was chosen due to its high concentration of secondary metabolites and its historic use in treating leishmaniasis. According to the increasing sequence of polarity, the crude extract and its derived n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanolic, and aqueous fractions were made. The previously discovered bioactive ethyl acetate soluble fraction was suggested for further investigation using column chromatography. Two chemicals were recovered from the ethyl acetate fraction. The structure of these compounds was determined using Mass, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, which confirmed that the pure compounds were Dodecane and Tetradecane. The compounds were evaluated for antileishmanial activity in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Both the compounds showed promising anti-leishmanial activity. These compounds were subjected to a molecular docking analysis to find their binding energy with the parasite enzyme trypanothione reductase. Both the compounds docked at the optimal position, showing stable binding energies, and chemical bond types. The binding energies of dodecane and tetradecane were -4.5 and -4.7 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that the secondary metabolites identified from Ifloga spicata should be investigated further as natural lead compounds to treat leishmaniasis.
RISK FACTOR ANALYSIS FOR GANGRENE IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS AT HAFIDH CLINIC ACEH BESAR DISTRICT IN 2023.
Authors:   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Syamsul Syamsul , Usman Said ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Saputra Irwan ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Maulana T ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia., Ismail Ismail ,   Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia.
Published: May 2024

Background: Many factors contribute to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, including gender, age, education, occupation, and the type of area of residence. Based on the data, the number of visits by diabetic patients to the Hafidh Clinic in Aceh Besar Regency in August was 129 individuals. The occurrence of gangrene in diabetic patients at the Hafidh Clinic in Aceh Besar Regency is mostly unknown to patients, making it interesting for further research. Therefore, patients visiting the Hafidh Clinic and the public will understand the most dominant factors contributing to gangrene occurrence. The aim of this research is to determine the risk factor analysis for the occurrence of gangrene in patients with diabetes mellitus at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District in 2023. The research design used is analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study consists of new patients at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District, totaling 127 individuals. Results: The research findings indicate that There is no association between age and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between gender and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between physical activity and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between dietary patterns and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between knowledge and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between obesity and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between family role and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. There is an association between psychological factors and the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District. The dominant factor influencing the risk of gangrene occurrence at Hafidh Clinic, Aceh Besar District is gender.
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Current Status of Drug Repurposing and Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Gul INCI Tugba , ACAR Serap , BALIK DİLEK
Published: May 2024

Drug repurposing is the strategy of drug utilization for a treatment option other than the intended indications and has increased over the past decades, especially within cancer nanomedicine. Cancer nanomedicine has been facilitated through nanoparticle-based (NP-based) delivery systems which can combat NSCLC via recent advances in nanotechnology and apply its benefits to existing drugs. An effective therapeutic solution could be gained via repurposing and accelerated via NP-based drug delivery systems. This review aims to present an overview of NSCLC treatments with a special focus on drug repurposing with details of clinical study advances and NP-based drug delivery systems for NSCLC. First, molecular mechanisms of the FDA-approved drugs for NSCLC including ROS1 TKI repotrectinib, which was approved in November 2023, were detailed. Further, in vitro studies utilized the combination strategy of both drug repurposing and np-based drug delivery systems as a treatment strategy against NSCLC is listed including the most recent nanoparticle-based drug delivery system study with a repurposed drug-loaded nanoparticles.
NAMPT, IL-6, and vaspin gene expressions and serum protein levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complication
Authors: Pınar Çelik Süheyla , Nur Parıltı Damla , Açık Leyla , Muhittin Yalçın Mehmet , Yetkin İlhan , Yunusov Eldeniz
Published: May 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes and occurs due to insufficient insulin secretion or inability to use existing insulin and the effects of environmental factors. Although there are many studies on the pathophysiology of T2DM, the mechanisms playing a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. Some adipokines secreted from adipose tissue, which are the primary regulators of insulin resistance, affect immune and inflammatory functions. Altered adipokine profiles have been observed in obesity and T2DM, leading to severe metabolic risks and changes in insulin sensitivity. This study used quantitative PCR and ELISA in individuals without diabetes (control group) and with T2DM (macrovascular and microvascular complications and without complications) for at least ten years. mRNA expression and protein levels of NAMPT, IL-6, and Vaspin genes were determined. mRNA expression levels of NAMPT, IL-6, and Vaspin were found to be significantly lower in individuals with diabetes for all groups tested. For serum protein levels, NAMPT level was lower in the patient groups than in the control group. On the other hand, Vaspin and IL-6 levels were higher in the groups with micro- and macro-vascular complications compared to the control. Furthermore, the same protein level for Vaspin and IL-6 was observed between the complication group and control, indicating the importance of post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation in adipokine function. The correlations between gene expressions, clinical parameters, and protein levels are crucial to understanding the implications of the findings.
Circ-METTL15 stimulates the aggressive behaviors of papillary thyroid cancer cells by coordinating the miR-200c-3p/XIAP axis
Authors: HUANG YUHAO , ZENG XINYU , CAI YANLING , YANG YAN , ZHANG YUJIE , MA YIQI , LI SUPING
Published: May 2024

Background and objective: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the endocrine system. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for the vast majority of cases in this cancer. Recently, the vital role of circular RNA (circRNA) has been acknowledged in various cancers. However, to date, few studies have examined the roles of circRNAs in PTC. Therefore, this research aimed at exploring the function and mechanism of circ-methyltransferase-like 15 (METTL15) in PTC cells.Methods: First, quantitative measurements of circ-METTL15, miR-200c-3p, and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in PTC cells were completed with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot analysis. After the intervention of circ-METTL15, miR-200c-3p, or XIAP expression, cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were used to examine cell proliferation, flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, and Transwell assays were used to examine migration and invasion. The targeted binding sites between miR-200c-3p and circ-METTL15 or XIAP were predicted by starBase and then verified by dual luciferase reporter assay.Results: circ-METTL15 and XIAP were upregulated in the PTC cells, while miR-200c-3p was downregulated. Downregulating circ-METTL15 or upregulating miR-200c-3p prevented the PTC cells from proliferating, migrating, and invading, and stimulated cell apoptosis. miR-200c-3p was the downstream molecule of circ-METTL15, and XIAP was the direct target of miR-200c-3p. Forcing XIAP expression obstructed circ-METTL15 silencing to inhibit PTC cell activity.Conclusion: Circ-METTL15 stimulates the aggressive behaviors of papillary thyroid cancer cells by coordinating the miR-200c-3p/XIAP axis.
Graphene aerogels: part 2 - derived from commercial graphene and chemically reduced graphene oxide via supercritical carbon dioxide drying
Authors: SAMANCI MERYEM , BAYRAKÇEKEN AYŞE
Published: May 2024

Graphene aerogels (GAs), the most important class of carbonaceous aerogels, have attracted attention of many researchers due to their superior physical and chemical properties. In this study, commercial graphene (GR) and chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were used as graphene-based precursor materials, unlike graphene oxide (GO), which is widely used in the literature in GA synthesis. GAs were synthesized using the sol-gel technique and dried with supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). In addition, graphene-based materials were used in different ratios and their distribution in the aerogel matrix and its effect on surface properties were investigated. In addition, the synthesized GAs were structurally compared with GR, RGO, and carbon aerogel (CA) without graphene-based materials. Physical characterizations (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were made to examine the structural properties of GAs. In order to analyze the behavior of the surfaces of the synthesized materials against electrochemical corrosion, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses were performed. As a result of the electrochemical corrosion process of the synthesized materials, the change in their specific capacitance and the formation of pseudocapacitive charge on the surfaces were examined.
Evaluation of p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogels for removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution:isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: MİNE ANTEP HAYRİYE , NALAN DEMİR MÜNİRE , HIZLIATEŞ CEVHER , ÖZTÜRK SİMGE , ESEN ELİF
Published: May 2024

In this study, a novel adsorbent material, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-N-isopropyl acrylamide) (p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel, was synthesized for the purpose of removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. The synthesis of hydrogel was carefully conducted, and its properties were thoroughly examined using techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption experiments conducted revealed a remarkable affinity of p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel towards MB. The highest adsorption was observed when 0.05 g of the adsorbent were utilized, with optimal conditions at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 15 °C. This underscores the importance of pH control and temperature regulation in optimizing the adsorption treatment. The adsorption behavior of MB on p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel was best elucidated by the Langmuir isotherm model, which provided insights into the maximum adsorption capacity. Impressively, this capacity reached 126.6 mg/g, indicative of the adsorbent's robust capability to capture the MB molecules. The isotherm data further highlighted the strong affinity between p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel and the MB dye, underscoring the effectiveness of the synthesized hydrogel as an adsorbent material. The successful application of p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel for MB adsorption not only emphasizes its potential for wastewater treatment but also hints at its broader significance for environmental remediation. By harnessing the adsorption capabilities of this hydrogel, the removal of MB from industrial and domestic wastewater could be significantly enhanced, leading to cleaner water resources. This study presents p(HEMA-co-NIPAM) hydrogel as a promising adsorbent material with exceptional affinity for MB. This is demonstrated through a comprehensive analysis of its synthesis, characterization, and adsorption performance. The findings hold promise for addressing wastewater contamination issues and promoting sustainable water management practices.
Transdermal delivery system to release phthalocyanine photosensitizers for the potential treatment of skin cancer with PDT
Authors: ÇAMUR DEMİR MERYEM , KURŞUN BAYSAK FATMA , YAHYA BOYAR CANER , TOKSOY ALİHAN , ALGI FATİH
Published: May 2024

This research aims to examine the transdermal release of water-soluble indium and zinc metallo phthalocyanine (InPc and ZnPc) compounds from the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane and the cytotoxicity effect of these Pcs on normal mouse fibroblasts (L929 fibroblast) and human melanoma (SK-MEL-30) cells. For this purpose, the effects of temperature, pH, drug concentration and membrane thickness on transdermal release were investigated in order to obtain the optimum transdermal release profile by preparing PVA membranes with different thicknesses and crosslinked by heat treatment. Optimum drug release was found to be 85.36% using 6 µm thick PVA membrane at 37 ± 0.5 °C, when upper cell pH 1.2 and lower cell pH 5.5, for 3 mg/mL InPc drug concentration. Under the same conditions, the drug release value for ZnPc was found to be 69.78%. In addition, in vitro studies were performed on L929 and SK-MEL-30 cells. under optimized drug (InPc and ZnPc) and membrane conditions. It was found that no significant cytotoxic effect was observed in L929 and SK-MEL-30 cells in the dark. Photodynamic tests were also carried out with InPc and ZnPc. The results show that cell viability decreases in SK-MEL-30 cells at concentrations of 10 µg/mL and above. In addition, while the InPc IC50 value was determined as 4.058 µg/mL, this value was determined as 11.574 µg/mL for ZnPc.
Lobectomia pulmonar em cão com adenocarcinoma papilar – relato de caso
Authors: Freire Jeniffer Mendes da Silva , Silva Anaclara Assis , Silva Luciano Schneider da , Araújo Caio de Paiva Teixeira , Cabral Lucas Amorim , Silva Carlos Eduardo Emídio da , Gontijo Sabrina de Oliveira , Rodrigues Amanda Pereira
Published: May 2024

A incidência de neoplasias em cães é uma casuística recorrente na clínica cirúrgica. Neoplasias pulmonares, por sua vez, são raras quando primárias e a sua histologia mais comum são adenocarcinomas e carcinomas de células escamosas. Sua ocorrência é descrita em cães de 10 a 11 anos, sem predileção de raça e prevalência em fêmeas. O diagnóstico é feito a partir da anamnese, sinais clínicos e exames complementares. A enfermidade consegue causar sintomatologia específica do trato respiratório, como dispneia, taquicardia, intolerância ao exercício e tosse improdutiva. Radiografia e tomografia computadorizada são exames de imagem de escolha para a confirmação do tumor. O tratamento é realizado com a lobectomia pulmonar, podendo ser parcial ou total do lobo pulmonar afetado, essa com o intuito de biopsiar e remover. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de uma cadela, fêmea sem raça definida, diagnosticada com adenocarcinoma papilar, na qual o animal apresentou alterações em exames de imagem. Com base nas queixas, o tratamento escolhido foi a realização do procedimento da lobectomia pulmonar total, que permaneceu estável.
Eletrônica na automação de sistemas
Authors: Neves Alan de Oliveira Pinto
Published: May 2024

Este estudo tem como propósito principal aprofundar a compreensão da eletrônica aplicada a sistemas automatizados, uma área de significativa importância em diferentes setores industriais, como automação industrial, robótica e veículos autônomos. A eletrônica, caracterizada por ser um campo altamente técnico e interdisciplinar, abrange uma vasta variedade de dispositivos e componentes eletrônicos. É crucial compreender os princípios fundamentais da eletrônica para explorar suas aplicações em sistemas automatizados. Os temas abordados neste estudo incluem o controle de sistemas, sensores e atuadores, instrumentação eletrônica, processamento digital de sinais, comunicação de dados e arquitetura de sistemas eletrônicos embarcados. A evolução da eletrônica em sistemas automatizados apresenta desafios notáveis, como a demanda por sistemas altamente confiáveis e seguros. Apesar dos desafios, o sucesso na implementação da eletrônica em sistemas automatizados abre portas para a criação de soluções inovadoras e eficazes diante dos desafios atuais e futuros enfrentados pela indústria.
Evaluación del ambiente térmico en los electricistas de Distribución de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centrosur C.A.
Authors: Arias-Vintimilla Néstor Fernando , Quinde-Alvear Angel Giovanny
Published: May 2024

Los electricistas en el Ecuador están expuestos a estrés térmico debido a las temperaturas ambientales elevadas que caracterizan al país, especialmente en regiones ecuatoriales. Esto se agrava por las actividades al aire libre que realizan, como la distribución eléctrica. La investigación parte de la evaluación del ambiente térmico al que se encuentran expuestos los electricistas de Distribución de la Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centrosur C.A debido a las temperaturas a las que se exponen. Se propone establecer cuáles son las causas relacionadas al estrés térmico en los trabajadores del sector eléctrico, particularmente de la
Empresa Eléctrica Regional Centrosur. El estudio es cuantitativo-descriptivo-inductivo y elogia del constructo teórico en donde se pretende analizar las condiciones ambientales. Se
investigó a 24 personas de la Empresa y así mediante el presente artículo se pretende realizar
una investigación con el fin de obtener información que nos permita identificar cómo influyen las condiciones ambientales en el desempeño y confort de los electricistas de la Dirección de Distribución de la Empresa Eléctrica Centro Sur, y así tener un mayor conocimiento de los mismos y plantear posibles soluciones que permitan mitigar el impacto de las condiciones ambientales.