bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the Beginning
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter documents the beginning stages of a pregnancy primarily in anecdotes, as women recount their initial experiences with the symptoms of pregnancy, their motives and intentions for motherhood, and seeking family planning and hospital care. Since the advent of contraceptive techniques that are reasonably effective and safe, it is widely assumed that people only have children because they want them — or that this ought to be the reason why children are conceived. But some babies are still conceived unintentionally, so this chapter places the question of whether or not the expectant mother wanted a baby comes before any discussion of people's motives for having children. Aside from these women's experiences, this chapter also documents the more emotional aspects of the initial stages of pregnancy, such as the strong cultural imperative for women to be overjoyed at the sign of pregnancy.
Mother and Baby
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter considers that, in sense, a woman's relationship with her baby begins not only before birth but before conception; it has roots in her own babyhood, in the way she herself was ‘mothered’. Also important are the messages sent and received throughout childhood and adolescence that, decoded, read: women need babies, and babies need mothers. The chapter shows how myth, fantasy, and the economics of reproduction under capitalism are all jumbled up in this relationship, and which impacts it greatly. Most women by the time they achieve motherhood have, from these various sources, some idea about how mothers do (or should) feel about their babies.
Lessons Learnt
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter looks back on the process of becoming a mother, as women come to understand the visions they had — of motherhood as a bed of roses, of birth as agony or ecstasy, of pregnancy as a flowering or a burden. After the event these images are brought sharply into focus by the contrast medium of reality, which exposes the outline of what was, too often, a romantic dream. More than a third of the women interviewed for this study said they found becoming a mother a difficult experience. Eight out of ten said it had been different from what they had expected. The same proportion thought the pictures of pregnancy, birth, and motherhood conveyed in antenatal literature, women's magazines, and the media in general were too romantic, painting an over-optimistic portrait of happy mothers and fathers, quiet contented babies, and neat and shining homes that bore little resemblance to the chaos, disruption, and confusion of first-time motherhood.
Mothers and Medical People
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the mothers' encounters with health professionals, which have become a central theme in the transition to motherhood. How mothers feel about their health care has become an inseparable part of having and rearing a baby. Everybody knows that reproduction is a medical business, but not everybody feels the same way about it. The satisfactions and dissatisfactions mothers exhibit towards hospital doctors, GPs, midwives, and health visitors depend on the attitudes they have towards them. While some are happy to place themselves and their babies in medical hands, others suspect that useful advice can be given without medical training; some may argue that medical experts are only experts by virtue of their own belief in a false image.
Eve in the Garden of Health Research
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

The lives of most social researchers are dominated by the recurrent need to produce research proposals. This is particularly so for contract researchers — people who must raise their own salaries in addition to the direct costs of the research. For contract researchers, a research proposal is essentially a job application: failure of the proposal to secure funding means unemployment. For researchers whose contracts do not require the continual re-financing of their own jobs, the research proposal plays an important role as professional justification: the measure of a ‘good’ researcher is the number of research proposals successfully funded; or, to put it another way, the ‘failure’ to raise money is an easy invitation to professional criticism. This chapter presents the author's account of her first attempt to obtaining funding for the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome project.
The Poverty of Research
Authors: Oakley Ann
Published: May 2019

This chapter presents an argument about both the narrow and the wider meanings of the Social Support and Pregnancy Outcome study. It addresses the question of findings within three contexts. The first context is that of previous work on social support and health, and of the relations between social and material support; in other words, does befriending pregnant women make sense when their greatest enemy is not lack of social support but inadequate material resourcing of motherhood? The second context is the cultural treatment of women and reproduction; here the question is about the implications of the study for the routine provision of maternity care. The third context relates to the question of who listens, and attends, to the results of research; because of the problematic nature of this part of the process, the question is: does research make any difference to the ‘real’ world anyway?
War and Social Policy1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter focuses on the relationship of war and social policy. So far as the story of modern war before 1939 is concerned, little has been recorded in any systematic way about the social arid economic effects of war on the population as a whole. Only long and patient research in out-of-the-way documentary places can reveal something of the characteristics and flavour of social life during the experience of wars in the past. In discussing social policy, the chapter pertains to those acts of governments deliberately designed and taken to improve the welfare of the civil population in time of war. It also asks whether there were any recorded accounts of the movement of civilian populations in past wars as a calculated element in war strategy.
Industrialization and The Family1
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter explores how there are at least three reasons why industrialization and the family is today an important subject for debate by an international conference of social workers. The first is an obvious one: the opportunities that it offers for discussion and analysis on a comparative basis. The second lies in the fact that the world is increasingly an industrial world and dominated in its values and goals by problems of economic growth. The third reason in supporting the choice of this particular subject for discussion is that social work is primarily an activity carried on in industrial, urban societies. The problems of human needs and relationships with which social work has traditionally been associated have had their origin in those societies experiencing the impact of industrialization.
The National Health Service In England
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter considers the various reasons which help to determine whether the record of the Health Service is one of progress and success. Some of the more important ones become explicable only when it is understood how far reaching the effects of the Second World War on the British economy were. The whole fabric of organized medical care, public and private, suffered particularly. Inevitably, the highest priorities in medicine were reserved for the military and civil defence forces. Even as early as June 1943, the standard of medical care available for the civilian population was, in the judgment of the War Cabinet, dangerously low.
The National Health Service in England
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter reviews how, during the past decade, there has been an increasing volume of studies and reports on general practice in Britain, the United States, and other countries. No doubt much of this interest has been provoked by the growing impact of scientific developments on medicine over the same period. These have raised many questions about the present state of general practice, its historical evolution, and its future place in medical care. The chapter discusses the association of these developments with the changing character of demand for medical care and its effects on the doctor–patient relationship. It also looks at the questions of science and specialism in a broader historical context.
Blood and the law of the marketplace
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter discusses the application of the values of the marketplace to human blood. American and British economists are making an economic case against a monopoly of altruism in blood and other human tissues. They wish to set people free from the conscience of obligation. Although their arguments are couched in the language of price elasticity and profit-maximisation, they have far-reaching implications for human values and all ‘social service’ institutions. However, the moral issues that are raised extend far beyond theories of pricing and the operations of the marketplace. They involve the foundations of professional freedom in medical care and other service relationships with people; the concept of the hospital and the university as non-profit-making institutions; and the legal doctrine in the United States of charitable immunity.
Economic man: social man
Authors: Titmuss Richard M.
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines criteria of economic efficiency, administrative efficiency, costs per unit of blood, and purity, potency, and safety in relation to the blood distributive systems in the United States and Britain. Looked at simply in economic terms, the ‘cost’ of any activity is the most valuable use to which the resources devoted to it might otherwise have been put. Estimates made by the National Blood Resource Program and other authorities indicate that in the American market, something like 15–30 per cent of all blood collected is lost annually through outdating, involving ‘a multi-million dollar annual loss’. Some part of this poured away waste is due to unnecessary surgical operations and unnecessary transfusions. However, it must be pointed out that no money values can be attached to the presence or absence of a spirit of altruism in a society.
Women's Work
Authors: Young Zoe
Published: May 2019

What's it really like to be a mother with a career working flexibly? Drawing on over 100 hours of interview data, this book is the first to go inside women's work and family lives in a year of working flexibly. The private labours of going part-time, job sharing, and home working are brought to life with vivid personal stories. Taking a sociological and feminist perspective, the book explores contemporary motherhood, work–life balance, emotional work in families, couples and housework, maternity transitions, interactions with employers, work design and workplace cultures, and employment policies. It concludes that there is an opportunity to make employment and family life work better together and offers unique insights from women's lived experiences on how to do it.
Introduction
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter discusses the process through which relatively small-scale media activism, based on prisoners' rights, came to be an intrinsic part of prison culture in the UK, playing a central role in institutional operations. It considers prison radio growth within the context of political and economic change, and argues that the successful development of an independent, prisoner-led service represents resistance against the forces of corporatisation and managerialism that have redefined the organisation and function of broadcasting, punishment, and social welfare. Against a backdrop of public service privatisation and media commercialisation, the growth of the Prison Radio Association (PRA) illustrates the complex processes of working in partnership with institutions and agencies to give a voice to people in prison.
Rethinking Public Service Broadcasting: The PRA and the BBC
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter examines a partnership project in the West Midlands region which developed prison radio beyond Radio Feltham. It particularly analyses the role of the BBC in the process and the impact of the activity on establishing and formalising the Prison Radio Association (PRA). Developed through the combined influence of national broadcaster and independent prison radio activity, the chapter argues that the PRA is representative of new forms of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) within changing media and institutional environments, achieved in partnership, and demonstrating the enduring importance of PSB values. It is evident that the partnerships and relationships forged during this period played a major role in the establishment and ongoing development of the PRA.
Restorative Justice In Action: The Face to Face Documentary
Authors: Bedford Charlotte
Published: May 2019

This chapter details the context, content, and effects of the Face to Face programme in furthering the development of the Prison Radio Association (PRA), and argues that the case demonstrates the potential of prison radio to promote, facilitate, and inform restorative justice practice. First, the chapter examines the restorative justice theme within the contemporary political context before turning to the programme itself, the wider reception, and its impact and significance for the PRA. Through discussion of the increasingly victim-centred reporting of crime within mainstream media, the chapter shows that prison radio not only provides a voice for prisoners, but is able to empower victims of crime.
Post-suicide investigations
Authors: Tomczak Philippa
Published: May 2019

This chapter illustrates the series of post-suicide investigators, including the police, ombudsman and coroner. It examines the 2013-2016 suicide cluster at HMP Woodhill to illustrate these investigations, their value and their limitations. It concludes that the post-suicide investigations are broadly Article 2 compliant and offer no shortage of vigorous critique, but also explains that Article 2 does not require that lessons be learnt and does not direct accountability to those with the capacity to implement said lessons. This is a greater limitation in England and Wales than the more commonly recognised issues with family participation and independence. The discourse of lesson learning is shown to be unhelpful in many cases of prison suicide, manufacturing mystery where there is none. It is not a mystery when prisoners die with untreated mental health problems because the prison’s mental health team is severely understaffed and has been for years, as identified multiple times by multiple prison overseers. The discourse of lesson learning also obfuscates the role of deliberate political decisions in reducing staffing levels and increasing the prison population such that staff are set up to fail and cannot follow Prison Service Orders and Instructions.
Climate Change Criminology
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This book asks what can be learned from the problem-solving focus of crime prevention to help face the challenges of climate change in this call to arms for criminology and criminologists. Industries such as energy, food, and tourism and the systematic destruction of the environment through global capitalism are scrutinized for their contribution to global warming. Ideas of ‘state–corporate crime’ and ‘ecocide’ are introduced and explored in this concise overview of criminological writings on climate change. This sound and robust application of theoretical concepts to this ‘new’ area also includes commentary on topical issues such as the US withdrawal from the Paris Climate agreement.
Climate change and criminology
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the concept of Climate Change Criminology. Climate Change Criminology rests upon the four pillars of crime and harm; global connectedness and ecological justice; causes and consequences; and power and interests. These are separate but inextricably linked domains of analysis, interpretation, and critique. Each area demands novel ways of thinking about the problem, employing methods and approaches that necessarily push the boundaries of contemporary criminological theory and the purview of modern criminal justice institutions. In several important respects, Climate Change Criminology parallels work which focuses on ‘social harm’ as a constitutive concept. What makes a social harm ‘social’ is the fact that it does not stem from natural causes; it is intrinsically caused by humans. Analysis and response to this is central to the project of Climate Change Criminology.
Criminological responses to climate change
Authors: White Rob
Published: May 2019

This concluding chapter summarises the main propositions and areas of concern for Climate Change Criminology. It also emphasises the role of criminologists as public intellectuals and political activists, and the necessity that there be stewards and guardians of the future. This translates into prioritising research, policy, and practice around climate change themes. For criminologists, this means that they need to go beyond parochial viewpoints and those perspectives that frame harm in terms of national or regional interests. Their loyalty has to be to the planet as a whole, rather than being bound by a narrow prescriptive patriotism based on nation. Ultimately, the endeavour of Climate Change Criminology should be to create the conditions for a future that is more forgiving and generous rather than exploitive of humans, environments, and animals.
Absence of stability
Authors: Lloyd Anthony
Published: May 2019

This chapter investigates the role of causative absences within the service economy. The culture outlined in the previous chapter demonstrates certain management practices which favour flexibility over security and thus create absences, namely the absence of stability as precarious workers negotiate flexible and indeterminate working patterns. Evidence is presented which indicates the use of rotas and just-in-time provision which creates a degree of uncertainty in planning one’s time and pressure to meet customer demand and need. Employment contracts also indicate the absence of stability as part-time hours are bolstered by overtime or zero-hour contracts are met with uncertainty over available shifts. The chapter then places this absence of stability in the context of a transition to adulthood and suggests that the transition is fractured and fragmented in objective terms but the promise of capitalism, the promise of future satisfaction and status, keeps the precarious employee focused on success in the future, despite the precarity of the present.
Transcendental repair: The ghost film as family melodrama
Authors: Cronin Claire
Published: May 2019

Although the ghost film is a staple of horror, its moral dilemmas, character types, emphasis on the suffering family and conservative forms of narrative closure align the subgenre with classic Hollywood melodrama. This blending of melodrama and horror has occurred throughout film history, most notably in the 1940s cycle of gothic romances and the 1970s–80s cycle of haunted house movies. In this article, I focus on contemporary Hollywood ghost films from the 2000s–10s that use the figure of the ghost to allegorize threats to domestic life. This use of the supernatural speaks to a modern sense that the rupture and repair of the nuclear family can only be addressed on a transcendent, imaginary plane. While other scholars have aptly considered recession-era supernatural horror as expressive of economic anxieties, I complicate this analysis by drawing attention to how ghost films within this cycle manifest cultural fears and hopes about the viability of family life. To this end, I offer a close-reading of James Wan’s Insidious (2010) as a nightmarish, uncanny family melodrama.
‘You start to change when I get in. The Babadook growing right under your skin’: Monstrous intermediality in Jennifer Kent’s The Babadook
Authors: Thomsen Morten Feldtfos
Published: May 2019

This article investigates intermedial strategies in Jennifer Kent’s 2014 film The Babadook, arguing that such strategies are a key feature of its aesthetics of horror. Employing concepts from the field of Intermedial Studies, it traces the presence in Kent’s film of bookishness, that is, different intermedial strategies that serve to mimic the formal properties of books in general and pop-up books in particular. It also demonstrates how the film’s many references to early silent film, and in particular the trick films of French cinematic pioneer, Georges Méliès, function as a self-reflexive exploration of the form and function of the bookishness evident in the film. Based on this analysis, this article then coins the term of ‘monstrous intermediality’ to describe intermedial strategies that unsettle but do not subvert the processes of integration and immersion characteristic of narrative cinema, thereby destabilizing the distinction between screen and viewer.
Las elecciones parlamentarias chilenas de 2017: características de los votantes y factores de voto
Authors: Santana Andrés , Montero José Ramón , Rama José
Published: May 2019

Este trabajo explora las razones de voto a coaliciones en las elecciones parlamentarias celebradas en Chile en noviembre de 2017. Para ello, hemos empleado la encuesta postelectoral realizada por la Universidad Diego Portales (UDP) y que forma parte del Comparative National Elections Project (CNEP). Tras un repaso del contexto en el que las elecciones tuvieron lugar, hemos analizado los perfiles de los votantes de Chile Vamos (CV), Fuerza de la Mayoría (FM) y Frente Amplio (FA), así como de los abstencionistas, y hemos estimado un modelo multinomial, para comprobar el efecto de distintas variables en las probabilidades de voto a cada coalición.
Detection of serum antibodies against Leptospira spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Grenada, West Indies
Authors: Sharma Ravindra Nath , Thille Katelyn , Piechowski Brianna , Tiwari Keshaw
Published: May 2019

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is an emerging disease of animals and humans. Among rodents brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important reservoir of bacteria Leptospira. There is a paucity of information on reservoirs of Leptospira in Grenada. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in brown rats in a densely human populated area of Grenada.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 169 brown rats were collected and sera screened for antibodies against Leptospira spp. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Among a total of 169 brown rats trapped in two parishes in Grenada, 77/169 (45.5%) were positive for Leptospira spp. antibodies. A significant difference in seropositive population of brown rats between two collection sites was observed. No differences were found between sex and age of seropositive rats.

Conclusion: Due to the close contact of brown rats with humans in Grenada, rats should be considered a high-risk factor in transmission of Leptospira to humans. Appropriate preventive measures should be instituted to prevent the transmission of Leptospira infection to humans.
Transgenerational Entrepreneurship of the Family Businesses: Is it in the Blood or Not?
Authors: Monticelli Jefferson Marlon , Bernardon Renata Araujo , Trez Guilherme , Sabrito Carlos Eduardo dos Santos
Published: May 2019

Objective: This paper aims to understand the transgenerational entrepreneurship process in family businesses.Method: This study was based on a qualitative research using three focus groups.Originality/Relevance: Aspects related to the intergenerational entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses have drawn the attention of researchers who focus both on family businesses and entrepreneurship.  Therefore, it is relevant to analyze how entrepreneurship occurs across generations in order to overcome the simplification of research on entrepreneurship in the context of family business.Results: This study allowed understanding the similarities and differences of transgenerational entrepreneurship in family businesses regarding five topics: relevance of the founder, challenges, governance, and influence of the heirs who are not involved in managing the family businesses.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study presents propositions with the aim to integrate entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses while highlighting the role of founders, heirs, their challenges and governance practices.
O Trabalho do Dirigente da Pequena Empresa à Luz da Abordagem dos Papéis de Mintzberg: Insights em Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Rosim Daniela , Escrivão Filho Edmundo , Nagano Marcelo Seido
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a adequação da abordagem dos papéis de Mintzberg (1973), desenvolvida para compreender o trabalho do executivo, em descrever o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa. Método: Como método de coleta de dados foi replicado o método utilizado por Mintzberg (1973), ou seja, a observação estruturada. Todos os casos analisados neste trabalho replicaram este método, permitindo, portanto, comparações e análises, com suporte da estatística descritiva. Para a consecução dos objetivos foram observados sete dirigentes de pequenas empresas brasileiras que foram comparados com os estudos internacionais. Originalidade/Relevância: Nas grandes empresas há uma vasta e longa tradição de pesquisa sobre o trabalho do executivo, no entanto, nas pequenas empresas esse tipo de estudo ainda é escasso e, conhecer a natureza do trabalho do dirigente na pequena empresa é pertinente, pois permite a autorreflexão sobre sua rotina de trabalho a fim de melhorar seu desempenho. Também pode auxiliar organizações de fomento e entidades educacionais nas atividades de ensino específicas para a realidade da pequena empresa. Resultados: Verificou-se que o trabalho do dirigente pode ser descrito pela abordagem dos papéis e especificamente pelos papéis: substituto do operador; especialista; decisional e informacional. O dirigente da pequena empresa, no entanto, não se reconhece desempenhando o papel interpessoal.
Espedito Seleiro: Da chinela de Lampião à Sandália de Maria Bonita
Authors: Valdevino Antonio Messias , Brandão Halana Adelino , Dos Santos Ítalo Anderson Taumaturgo , Carneiro Jailson Santana
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Contribuir para os entendimentos dos conceitos de Marketing, enfatizando o composto de marketing, em produto, principalmente quando se refere à elaboração de novas peças, praça e promoção. Método: O caso foi escrito a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas, observação e dados secundários. As entrevistas se deram com Espedito e com pessoas imprescindíveis à realização das atividades realizadas pelo artesão. Originalidade/Relevância: Por meio caso é apresentada a trajetória profissional e de vida do Mestre Espedito Seleiro, um patrimônio cultural vivo da região do Nordeste brasileiro. Resultados: O caso narra a trajetória do mestre e a forma de como ele se reinventou no mercado, repensando seus produtos e seu público-alvo. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A riqueza de detalhes, únicos da trajetória de vida do mestre Espedito Seleiro, tornam a aplicação do caso para ensino em sala de aula mais atraente e interessante. Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: O caso convida o leitor/discente a refletir sobre a manutenção de atividades, como o artesanato, no mercado, ressaltando  a necessidade de inovação em novos contextos.
A Fábula Dos Mortos-Vivos: Determinantes da Mortalidade Empresarial Presentes em Micro e Pequenas Empresas Ativas
Authors: De Araújo Felipe Emidio , De Morais Fábio Rogério , Pandolfi Edgar de Souza
Published: May 2019

Objetivo:  O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os fatores determinantes da mortalidade empresarial, verificar a presença desses fatores em empresas ativas e analisar as causas da sobrevivência de empresas em que os determinantes da mortalidade estão presentes. Método: Utilizou-se de abordagem quantitativa para pesquisa de tipologia explicativa. O estudo de campo teve a coleta de dados por meio de escala Likert e a análise de dados foi realizada por meio de comparação de média entre grupos, análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e regressão linear, para os testes de hipóteses. Os dados foram coletados em MPEs, localizadas em um município da região norte do Brasil, com base em amostragem para população conhecida. Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo apresenta parâmetros de medição e de identificação de determinantes da mortalidade empresarial em MPE’s ativas e justifica o fato de as determinantes da mortalidade não possuírem efeito letal em algumas MPE’s. Resultados: A confirmação das hipóteses permite afirmar que, nesta amostra, a presença de variáveis determinantes da mortalidade empresarial em empresas ativas incorre em um sistema de compensação, em que a presença de uma variável determinante da morte é compensada por outra determinante do sucesso. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O sistema de compensação entre as variáveis de morte e de sucesso em MPE’s demonstram o modo como a presença de fatores de morte em empresas ativas pode ser compensado por outra variável com alto potencial de sobrevivência da empresa.
Treatment of soybean seeds with molybdenum and inoculant: nitrate reductase activity and agronomic performance
Authors: Gewehr Ewerton , Corrêa Otávio De Oliveira , Suñé Anna Dos Santos , Duarte Gabriel Bandeira , Amarante Luciano Do , Tunes Lilian Vanussa Madruga de , Brandstetter Rodrigues Daniele
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of molybdenum and inoculant application via seed treatment in soybean, and their role in the nitrate reductase enzyme activity, agronomic traits and physiological quality of the produced seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The treatments were shaped by five doses of molybdenum (zero; 16; 32; 48; 64 g.100kg-1 of seeds) combined with the presence and absence of liquid inoculant (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), at a dose of 200 mL per 100 kg of seeds. The evaluations of nitrate reductase activity, agronomic traits and physiological seed quality were performed in the present work. The measured agronomic traits were: plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and thousand-seed weight. Standard germination test was executed to evaluate the produced seed viability. First germination counting, accelerated aging test, cold test, plantlet shoot and root length, plantlet shoot and root dry mass, and field seedling emergence were utilized to measure the seed vigour. Molybdenum, both in presence and absence of inoculant, positively influenced the enzymatic activity, for both vegetative and reproductive stages. The addition of inoculant and molybdenum provided increase in the vigour of the produced seeds. The enzyme activity was positively correlated with the agronomic traits and vigour tests. The addition of inoculant and molybdenum in the seed treatment provides a better expression of nitrate reductase activity and vigour of the produced seeds.
Drip irrigation system powered by photovoltaic panels
Authors: Haupenthal Soni Willian
Published: May 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system with photovoltaic energy without the use of energy storage system. The experiment was conducted at the State University of the West Parana - UNIOESTE, Campus of Cascavel, in the laboratory CASA project, during six days, analyzing the coefficients of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC), coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) for measurement of 16 drippers by sector (Keller method) and later the coefficient of variation (CV). In the energy part, the irradiance and the current generated by the panel were analyzed. The irrigation set was also classified according to the ASABE standard. The statistical quality control of the system was also performed in order to evaluate the quality of the set considered, with the means being compared by the Tukey test at 5%. The coefficients of each treatment reached an excellent level according to their classifications. The main results allowed to evaluate that the flow control by dripper showed a significant effect for the factors analyzed. The system obtained excellent processability according to the analyzes of distribution uniformities. It was also concluded that there was a significant relationship between the coefficients (CUC, CUD and CV) with the process capacity of the flow data.
Evaporative cooling efficiency of pads consisting of vegetable loofah
Authors: Melo Júnior Júlio César Ferreira de , Bamberg João Victor Martins , Machado Neiton Silva , Caldas Emanuelly Nadja Gomes , Rodrigues Marcos Sales
Published: May 2019

Brazilian agroindustry has presented constant innovations in the use of equipment and materials, among which are those that generate artificial thermal conditioning inside the zootechnical facilities, through a direct evaporative cooling system (DEC). In order to mitigate the effects of high temperatures associated with low air humidity in buildings in the northeastern region of Brazil, the use of DEC systems is evident. Therefore, DEC’s built with evaporative pads constituted of alternative materials, prove to be an interesting and viable alternative. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cooling efficiency of the evaporative pads constituted of vegetable loofah. The experiment was performed at the Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Federal University of the São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF) in Petrolina, Pernambuco state. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 13 replicates. Air temperature and relative humidity values were collected before and after the passage through the pad for different flow velocities and pad thicknesses, in order to calculate the evaporative efficiency. The variance analysis was significant at 5% probability for the sources of variation of the pad thickness (0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.125 m) and the air flow rate (0.076, 0.264, 0.459 and 0.773 m s-1), and the interactions. The highest efficiency, 57.0% was observed for the interaction between the thickness of 0.125 m and the speed of 0.773 ms-1 as adjusted model.
Comunicata Scientiae: a horticulture journal
Authors: Cavalcante Ítalo Herbert Lucena
Published: May 2019

Comunicata Scientiae is a scientific journal created at the Campus "Prof.a Cinobelina Elvas" of the Federal University of Piauí in 2009, which had the first issue published in 2010.Initially, the journal aimed to disseminate the knowledge generated by the scientific community through the publication of research results and new scientific proposals unpublished and relevant to the Agrarian and Environmental Sciences. With this proposal, the journal had a significant growth in the proposed knowledge areas (Agrarian and Environmental Sciences) and it was indexed in the main databases of the world as SCOPUS (Elsevier), obtaining SJR already in 2011 of 0,187, a value that is currently 0.372, which includes it in the second best category of SCOPUS, the Q2...
Water-retaining polymer as a soil conditioner in cowpea under water stress
Authors: Lopes Marilia Barcelos Souza , Barros Helio Bandeira , Chagas Júnior Aloísio Freitas , Santos Manoel Mota dos , Silva Niléia Cristina da , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: May 2019

Cowpea is no longer a family-oriented crop. Today it is cultivated by medium and large farmers in the North and Northeast, due to their adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of hydrogel utilization in the retention and availability of water for the development and production of Cowpea beans when subjected to water stress. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1) and two sources of hydrogels (Hydroplan-EB HyC and Polim-Agri). The cowpea cultivar used was BRS Vinager. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of pods per plant; Number of grains per pod; Pod length: one hundred grain mass and grain yield. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, with the application of the test F. Regression analysis was performed with the help of the SISVAR computer system. The use of hydrogel was an alternative to reduce losses resulting from the action of water stress; the concentrations of hydrogels between 15 and 18 kg ha-1 resulted in higher number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, the mass of one hundred grains and yields of grains.
Fruit-feeding butterflies assemblage in Deciduous Seasonal Forest fragments and grassland
Authors: Fleck Marciane Danniela , Costa Ervandil Corrêa
Published: May 2019

This study aims to investigate the diversity and richness of fruit-feeding butterflies in two fragments of Deciduous Seasonal Forest, with different anthropic explorations, comparing the border and interior environments, and an anthropic area with predominance of grassland, in Taquaruçu do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Samplings were conducted fortnightly, from August 2012 to July 2013. In each area, were installed attractive traps with a fermented banana and sugarcane juice. In the fragments were installed four traps on the border and four traps 40 meters from the border and in the cultivated pasture area, four traps were also installed. A total of 2,077 specimens of fruit-feeding butterflies were collected, distributed in 45 species and four subfamilies of the Nymphalidae family. The diversity and richness of the fruit-feeding butterflies were higher in the forest fragments. The quantitative cluster analysis segregated the environments into distinct groups, aggregating border environments. By the qualitative analysis there is greater similarity between the fragments. It is concluded that the composition of the fruit-feeding butterflies species is different among the studied areas, and the environments of the forest fragments have similar diversity and richness among them, while the cultivated grassland area is less richness and diversity.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ROAD NETWORK PERFORMANCE AND LAND PRICE: CASE STUDY SALATIGA CITY
Authors: Hidayat Edwin , Rudiarto Iwan , De Vries Walter Timo
Published: May 2019

Many aspects should be considered in planning a sustainable city, two of them are transportation planning and population growth. These aspects have an essential role in changing the urban structure and the occupancy rate of a city. Population growth always related to people activity, particularly social and economic activities whereas road is the primary transportation to support people activities. Moreover, an increasing population means increasing the need for land for housing purpose. This need automatically triggered the land price fluctuation. This paper aims to examine the correlation of road network performance which represented by accessibility and mobility toward land price. The first method is secondary data collection such as the road network map, land price, and demographic data. Secondly, measure the road length using a GIS-based approach. Subsequently, statistical analysis is applied to understand the correlation among those data. The results showed that accessibility and mobility give positive relationship to the land price. However, in term of influence level, accessibility has a weak influence on the land price. Mobility has a relatively significant influence on land price.
Beyond grayscale lithography: inherently three-dimensional patterning by Talbot effect
Authors: Fallica Roberto
Published: May 2019

There are a growing number of applications where three-dimensional patterning is needed for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures. Thus far, grayscale lithography is the main technique for obtaining a thickness gradient in a resist material that is exploited for pattern transfer by anisotropic etch. However, truly three-dimensional structures can only be produced by unconventional lithography methods such as direct laser writing, focused ion beam electrodeposition, colloidal sphere lithography, and tilted multiple-pass projection lithography, but at the cost of remarkable complexity and lengthiness. In this work, the three-dimensional shape of light, which is formed by Talbot effect diffraction, was exploited to produce inherently three-dimensional patterns in a photosensitive polymer. Using light in the soft X-ray wavelength, periodic three-dimensional structures of lateral period 600 nm were obtained. The position at which the sample has to be located to be in the Fresnel regime was simulated using an analytical implementation of the Fresnel integrals approach. Exploiting the light shape forming in diffraction effects thus enables the patterning of high-resolution three-dimensional nanostructures over a large area and with a single exposure pass – which would be otherwise impossible with conventional lithographic methods.
Femtosecond lasers: the ultimate tool for high-precision 3D manufacturing
Authors: Jonušauskas Linas , Mackevičiūtė Dovilė , Kontenis Gabrielius , Purlys Vytautas
Published: May 2019

The ever-growing trend of device multifunctionality and miniaturization puts enormous burden on existing manufacturing technologies. The requirements for precision, throughput, and cost become increasingly harder to achieve with minimal room for compromises. Femtosecond lasers, which saw immense development throughout the last few decades, have been proven time and time again to be a superb tool capable of standing up to the challenges posed by modern science and the industry for ultrahigh-precision material processing. Thus, this paper is dedicated to provide an outlook on how femtosecond pulses are revolutionizing modern manufacturing. We will show how they are exploited for various kinds of material processing, including subtractive (ablation, cutting, and etching), additive (lithography and laser-induced forward transfer), or hybrid subtractive-additive cases. The advantages of using femtosecond lasers in such applications, with main focus on how they enable the most precise kinds of material processing, will be highlighted. Future prospects concerning emerging industrial applications and the future of the technology itself will be discussed.
Correlation between PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 G>A polymorphism and susceptibility to type-2 diabetes
Authors: Du Fei , Yang Kang-Juan , Piao Lian-Shan
Published: May 2019

Objective

To systematically investigate the correlation between the G>A polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A or PGC-1alpha) gene rs8192678 locus and the susceptibility to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The inclusion and exclusion criteria and retrieval strategies of original literatures were formulated. Then, subjects and free words “PPARGC1A”,”gene polymorphism”, and “T2DM” were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Case-control studies on the G>A polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus and susceptibility to T2DM were included for the meta-analysis.

Results

The number of cases in the T2DM group and control group was 5,607 and 7,596, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus G>A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T2DM. There are differences in each group of genetic models, of which three groups of genetic models are highly significant. In the allele model, OR=1.249, 95% CI: 1.099-1.419, and P=0.001. In the dominant inheritance model, OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.152-1.614, and P=0.000. In the additive inheritance model, OR=0.828, 95% CI: 0.726-0.945, and P=0.005. And one group is significant, in the recessive inheritance model, OR=1.187, 95% CI: 1.021-1.381, and P=0.026.

Conclusion

In Western Asian, South Asian, European and African populations, the A allele of the PPARGC1A gene rs8192678 locus may be one of the risk factors for T2DM.
Prostate cancer screening: guidelines review and laboratory issues
Authors: Filella Xavier , Albaladejo María Dolores , Allué Juan Antonio , Castaño Miguel Angel , Morell-Garcia Daniel , Ruiz Maria Àngels , Santamaría María , Torrejón María José , Giménez Nuria
Published: May 2019

Background

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains as the most used biomarker in the detection of early prostate cancer (PCa). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are produced to facilitate incorporation of evidence into clinical practice. This is particularly useful when PCa screening remains controversial and guidelines diverge among different medical institutions, although opportunistic screening is not recommended.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of guidelines about PCa screening using PSA. Guidelines published since 2008 were included in this study. The most updated version of these CPGs was used for the evaluation.

Results

Twenty-two guidelines were selected for review. In 59% of these guidelines, recommendations were graded according to level of evidence (n = 13), but only 18% of the guidelines provided clear algorithms (n = 4). Each CPG was assessed using a checklist of laboratory issues, including pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical factors. We found that laboratory medicine specialists participate in 9% of the guidelines reviewed (n = 2) and laboratory issues were frequently omitted. We remarked that information concerning the consequences of World Health Organization (WHO) standard in PSA testing was considered by only two of 22 CPGs evaluated in this study.

Conclusions

We concluded that the quality of PCa early detection guidelines could be improved properly considering the laboratory issues in their development.
Appropriate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Regime for Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) In the Humid Tropics
Authors: Akpojotor E. , Olowe V.I.O. , Adejuyigbe C. , Adigbo S.O.
Published: May 2019

Two field trials were conducted on the Research Farm of the Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Nigeria during the late cropping seasons (Jun.–Nov.) of 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the agronomic performance of four recently released sunflower varieties (SAMSUN-1, SMASUN-2, SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4) to three fertilizer regimes: Control, Split application of 30 kg N + 28 kg P2O5 at 21 days after sowing (DAS) and at anthesis and Single application of 60 kg N and 56 kg P2O5 at 21DAS. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, seed yield and yield attributes, and quality. The varietal effect was only significant in 2015 for head weight, a number of achene per head and 100 achene weight. Application of N and P fertilizer either as split or single significantly (P ≤ 0.05; F-test) enhanced plant height at R5 and R9, 100 achene weight, achene weight per head and grain yield in both years. Single application resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher grain yield in 2014 than the split and control and was on par with a split. Significant variety × fertilizer regime was recorded for protein content in 2014 and 2015, and oil content in 2015. Therefore, a single application of N and P fertilizers at 21 WAS is recommended for adoption in the humid tropics to enhance seed and oil production of SAMSUN-3 and SAMSUN-4.