bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clustering Patterns of Unhealthy Lifestyle Behaviours Among Adolescents: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative School-Based Survey from 73 Countries
Authors: Efa Yohannes Tekalegn , Roder David , Shi Zumin , Li Ming
Published: February 2025

Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage when young people adopt various lifestyle behaviours that can impact their health. However, the broader determinants of these behaviours remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate clustering patterns of lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and dietary habits, among adolescents and examine their determinants across individual, community, and societal levels. Methods: This study utilised nationally representative Global School-based Student Health Survey data. The lifestyle behaviours were dichotomised based on specific definitions, and the clustering patterns of multiple unhealthy behaviours were compared at various levels of factors. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to identify individual, community, and societal level determinants of multiple unhealthy behaviours. Results: The study included 293,770 adolescents from 73 countries and territories across five World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The overall prevalence of one, two, three, four, and five unhealthy behaviours was 6.9%, 29.9%, 36.5%, 21.5%, and 4.5%, respectively. The odds of multiple unhealthy behaviours (defined by ≥4) increase with age and are higher among female adolescents [(AOR: 1.06, 95% CI:1.05, 1.07); (AOR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19)], respectively. Adolescents from supportive families, peer environments, or food-secure households had lower odds of engaging in these behaviours [(AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.86); (AOR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98); (AOR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.95)], respectively. The odds of exhibiting multiple unhealthy behaviours were significantly higher among adolescents in countries with high (0.7–0.79) and very high (0.8–1.0) Human Development Indexes (HDI) compared to those in low (<0.55) HDI countries [(AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.94); (AOR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.48, 6.08)], respectively. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, including insufficient physical activity, sedentary behaviour, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, frequent soft drink intake, and fast-food consumption, are globally prevalent among adolescents. These behaviours have distinct clustering patterns associated with individual characteristics, family and peer environments, and broader socio-economic and societal contexts.
Babaçu (Attalea Speciosa) Residue Bio-Oil Repels Livestock Tick Larvae Rhipicephalus (Boophilis) Microplus
Authors: Morales Marina Moura , Lopes Luciano Bastos , da Silva Bruno Rafael , Hoshide Aaron Kinyu
Published: February 2025

Rhipicephalus (Boophilis) microplus (also known as southern cattle tick or Asian blue tick) is one of the most detrimental and prolific tropical cattle parasites. Currently, chemical acaricides used against these ticks have been less effective due to increased pesticide resistance stemming from overuse of these treatments. We propose a novel tick repellent to address the waning efficacy of chemical treatments for R. (B.) microplus on cattle. In the search for an alternative, seven concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, and 1.57%) of babaçu (Attalea speciosa) residue bio-oil were produced by hydrothermal pyrolysis at 180 °C. The repellency of these bio-oil concentrations was assessed using a tick climbing test. Additionally, toxicity tests were performed by organic chemical analysis and polyaromatic hydrocarbon analysis. The repellency to R. (B.) microplus tick larvae was 100% for concentrations higher than 3.13% babaçu residue bio-oil concentration. However, the 1.57% concentration can be promising even with less repellent effects (though still being 93.7% effective) due to lower toxicity. This is an innovative approach for overcoming drug resistance in these ticks. Future research can test other bio-oils and pyrolysis products as tick repellents and botanical acaricides to further diversify options for better managing these parasites in Brazil and elsewhere in the tropics.
Determination and Characterization of (Novel) Circulating Strains of Brucella sp. Within the National Bovine Brucellosis Control Program in Ecuador
Authors: Garrido-Haro Ana Dolores , Falconí Merci , Moreno-Caballeros Paola , Elena-Rovalino María , Rosero-Mayanquer Hugo , Yugcha-Díaz Michelle , Fretin David , Wielick Constance , Saegerman Claude , Ron-Román Jorge
Published: February 2025

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the Brucella species. This infectious disease represents a significant public health and economic challenge in many regions of the world, including Ecuador. Brucella abortus is the most common species in cattle. Transmission mainly occurs through direct contact with secretions, aborted fetuses, or contaminated reproductive fluids. In this study, to evaluate the circulating strains of Brucella in continental Ecuador, Brucella strains were cultured and isolated from retromammary lymph nodes and milk samples collected over the past three years from six Ecuadorian provinces within the National Brucellosis Program of Ecuador. Brucella cultures were performed on two specific media, CITA and Farrell, followed by molecular identification using PCR and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis 16 (MLVA-16) diagnostic techniques. Out of a total of 25 retromammary lymph nodes collected at slaughterhouses and 50 milk samples obtained from serologically positive animals on farms, Brucella was isolated from 35 milk samples and 19 retromammary lymph node samples and identified as Brucella abortus by PCR. Subsequent MLVA-16 genotyping enabled accurate discrimination among the Brucella strains present in Ecuador. This study confirmed the presence of Brucella abortus strains of biovars 1 and 4 and, for the first time, detected the presence of biovar 2 in Ecuador. The isolation and accurate detection of Brucella, along with the implementation of advanced genotyping techniques, such as MLVA, are crucial for future epidemiological studies, outbreak tracing, and the development of control strategies to mitigate animal and human infection in Ecuador.
Changing Epidemiology of Candida spp. Causing Bloodstream Infections in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Greece: Appearance of Candida auris
Authors: Pyrpasopoulou Athina , Zarras Charalampos , Mouloudi Eleni , Vakalis Georgios , Ftergioti Argyro , Kouroupis Dimitrios , Papathanasiou Anastasia-Izampella , Iosifidis Elias , Goumperi Stella , Lampada Charis , Terzaki Maria , Roilides Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The epidemiology of candidemia has shifted in the past few decades; drug-resistant non-albicans Candida species have become more prevalent worldwide. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the epidemiology of Candida species isolated from hospitalized neonates, children and adults, and to investigate a potential changing susceptibility pattern in a large general tertiary hospital. Methods: All unique Candida strains isolated from candidemia cases between 1 January 2020 and 15 October 2024 were identified, and their susceptibility profile was characterized. The distribution pattern in different ward types (medical, surgical, pediatric and ICU) was recorded. Cumulative annual susceptibility profiles were compared. Results: Candidemia incidence increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 0.63/1000 patient-days in 2020 to 0.96/1000 patient-days in 2022, and has since slightly decreased (0.83 and 0.89 in 2023 and 2024, respectively). Candidemia-associated mortality was high (>50%) in 2020 and peaked during the pandemic. During the study period, Candida parapsilosis remained the most frequent Candida spp. However, since the first isolation of Candida auris from the bloodstream in late 2022, and despite intense infection control measures taken, its frequency sharply climbed to the second position after only C. parapsilosis in the first 10 months of 2024 (33.6% vs. 25.2% for C. parapsilosis and 21.0% for C. albicans). While C. albicans has remained highly susceptible to fluconazole (1% resistance rate), C. parapsilosis manifested significant resistance to fluconazole during 2022–2024 (52%). C. auris was universally resistant to azoles and one isolate also resistant to echinocandins. Conclusions: A high prevalence of azole resistance of C. parapsilosis, the most frequently isolated Candida species, persists, and a significant rise of C. auris was recorded in nosocomial bloodstream infections with severe implications on public health.
Measuring Community and Home Participation and Environmental Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Aljuhani Turki , Alzahrani Shaden A. , Aldosary Abeer M. , Alzamil Lana A. , Alshehri Rakan K. , Gmmash Afnan S. , Albesher Reem A.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are reported to have lower rates of participation in community and home tasks than typically developing children. Little is known about the participation levels of children with CP and the environmental factors influencing their participation in the community within the Saudi context. This study aimed to determine the degree of participation in community and home tasks in children with CP in Saudi Arabia, as well as the level of support received, and the obstacles faced by children in this context. Methods: Parents of 5–16-year-old children with CP (n = 50) completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), and their scores were compared with those of typically developing children of the same ages (n = 50). This study was conducted in a hospital setting. Analyses were performed using multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for potential confounders. Results: Participation in community activities as well as home activities was reported to be significantly lower in children with CP compared to their typically developing peers in multiple domains (p < 0.05). Additionally, physical, cognitive, and social demands were identified as factors that made community participation more difficult for children with CP (p = 0.002, p = 0.017, and p = 0.029 for physical, cognitive, and social demands, respectively). The availability of personal transportation, programs, services, and financial support were identified by parents as the factors that lowered community participation levels in children with CP (p > 0.005). Conclusions: Physical, cognitive, and social demands are the main obstacles to participation for children with CP. A lack of home supplies and financial support lowered the participation of children with CP. Recognizing environmental barriers as well as providing individualized practical solutions in collaboration with the families of children with CP can assist in developing meaningful participation in community and home activities for children with CP.
Drug Repurposing of Voglibose, a Diabetes Medication for Skin Health
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Mi , Hyun Chang-Gu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Voglibose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor commonly prescribed to manage postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus, demonstrates potential for repurposing as an anti-melanogenic agent. This study aims to explore the inhibitory effects of voglibose on melanogenesis and elucidate its molecular mechanisms, highlighting its possible applications in treating hyperpigmentation disorders. Methods: The anti-melanogenic effects of voglibose were investigated using B16F10 melanoma cells. Cell viability, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity were assessed following voglibose treatment. Western blot analysis was performed to examine changes in melanogenic proteins and transcription factors. The role of signaling pathways, including PKA/CREB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and GSK3β/β-Catenin, was analyzed. Primary human skin irritation tests were conducted to evaluate the topical safety of voglibose. Results: Voglibose significantly reduced melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed decreased expression of MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2, indicating the inhibition of melanogenesis. Voglibose modulated key signaling pathways, including the suppression of PKA/CREB, MAPK, and AKT activation, while restoring GSK3β activity to inhibit β-catenin stabilization. Human skin irritation tests confirmed voglibose’s safety for topical application, showing no adverse reactions at 50 and 100 μM concentrations. Conclusions: Voglibose demonstrates anti-melanogenic properties through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis. Its safety profile and efficacy suggest its potential as a repurposed drug for managing hyperpigmentation and advancing cosmeceutical applications.
Fast Analgesic Effect in Response Test with Topical Phenytoin Cream Correlates with Prolonged Pain Relief After Extended Use in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Kopsky David J. , Vrancken Alexander F. J. E. , van Eijk Ruben P. A. , Alvarez-Jimenez Ricardo , Szadek Karolina M. , Liebregts Remko , Steegers Monique A. H.
Published: February 2025

Background: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) poses several challenges due to the limited effectiveness, high incidence of side effects, and potential drug interactions of oral neuropathic pain medication. Lacking systemic side effects, topical phenytoin cream offers a promising innovative approach to addressing unmet needs in neuropathic pain treatment. In this retrospective study in patients with PDN, we evaluated the analgesic effect of topical phenytoin cream in response tests and after extended use. Methods: We collected data from PDN patients who, prior to prolonged use of phenytoin 10% or 20% cream, either had an open response test (ORET), a single-blind (SIBRET), or a double-blind (DOBRET) placebo-controlled response test with phenytoin cream between November 2016 and February 2023. A positive ORET was defined as pain reduction of at least two points on the 11-point numerical scale (NRS) within 30 min after phenytoin cream application. A positive SIBRET or DOBRET required an additional pain reduction of 1 NRS point in the phenytoin treated area compared to the placebo. In patients with a positive response test, we evaluated the sustained pain reduction and the proportion of patients experiencing minimum pain relief of at least 30% (MPR30: moderate pain relief) and 50% (MPR50: considerable pain relief) after the extended use of phenytoin cream. We also assessed the correlation between the response test analgesic effect and the sustained pain relief. Results: We identified 65 patients with PDN of whom 31 (47.7%) had a positive response test. The median pain reduction in response tests was 3.0 NRS points (IQR 2.0–4.0). Extended use (median 3.3 months, IQR 1.5–12.1]) resulted in a median pain reduction of 4.0 NRS points (IQR 3.0–5.0); 26/31 (83.9%) of patients achieved MPR30, and 21/31 (67.7%) MPR50 achieved pain relief. The response test analgesic effect correlated significantly with sustained pain relief after extended use (τ = 0.72, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: In PDN patients who had a positive phenytoin cream response test, extended use of phenytoin cream provided a significant sustained pain relief.
Silencing of Putative Plasmodesmata-Associated Genes PDLP and SRC2 Reveals Their Differential Involvement during Plant Infection with Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Authors: Saikia Richita , Kaldis Athanasios , Spetz Carl Jonas , Borah Basanta Kumar , Voloudakis Andreas
Published: February 2025

Plant viruses utilize a subset of host plasmodesmata-associated proteins to establish infection in plants. In the present study, we aimed to understand the role of two plant genes, one encoding a putative plasmodesma located protein (PDLP) and a homolog of soybean gene regulated by cold 2 protein (SRC2) during Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to silence PDLP and SRC2 genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and in two related solanaceous plants, N. tabacum and Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Bhut Jolokia). Up to 50% downregulation in the expression of the PDLP gene using the TRV2-PDLP VIGS construct was observed in N. benthamiana and N. tabacum while, using the same gene construct, 30% downregulation of the target mRNA was observed in C. chinense. Similarly, using the TRV2-SRC2 VIGS construct, a 60% downregulation of the SRC2 mRNA was observed in N. benthamiana, N. tabacum, and a 40% downregulation in C. chinense as confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Downregulation of the PDLP gene in N. benthamiana resulted in delayed symptom appearance up to 7–12 days post inoculation with reduced CMV accumulation compared to the control plants expressing TRV2-eGFP. In contrast, SRC2-silenced plants showed enhanced susceptibility to CMV infection compared to the control plants. Our data suggest that the PDLP gene might facilitate infection of CMV, thus being a susceptibility factor, while the SRC2 gene could play a role in resistance to CMV infection in N. benthamiana.
Arabica coffee Intercropped with Urochloa decumbens Improved Nutrient Uptake and Yield in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Sousa Thais Rodrigues de , Carvalho Arminda Moreira de , Ramos Maria Lucrecia Gerosa , Jesus Douglas Rodrigues de , da Fonseca Ana Caroline Pereira , Silva Fernanda Rodrigues da Costa , Oliveira Alexsandra Duarte de , Ribeiro Heloisa Carvalho , Veiga Adriano Delly , Marchão Robélio Leandro , Dantas Raíssa de Araujo , Ribeiro Fabiana Piontekowski
Published: February 2025

Coffee intercropped with Urochloa decumbens modifies nutrient uptake, and consequently the yield and quality of coffee, by the greater release of nutrients and efficient nutrient cycling. There is little information about the increasing nutrient content in Arabica coffee plants intercropped with Urochloa decumbens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Urochloa decumbens intercropped with two coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica L.) on the levels of macro- and micronutrients and coffee crop yield. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF, and was arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications, in a factorial design. The first factor consists of two management systems: with (WB) and without (NB) Urochloa decumbens intercropped; the second factor is composed of Arabica coffee cultivars ‘IPR-103’ and ‘IPR-99’. There was no significant difference in yield of the coffee cultivars with and without Urochloa decumbens intercropped between the rows. The treatment with ‘IPR-99’ coffee cultivar intercropped with Urochloa decumbens achieved 400 kg ha−1 (8 bags) more than the other treatments. The presence of Urochloa decumbens increased leaf nutrient contents of the macronutrients Ca and Mg and micronutrients Mn and Fe. Thus, the Arabica coffee–Urochloa decumbens intercropping system is an efficiency management strategy which improves nutrient content for the main crop with consequent yield gains.
New Insights in the Research on Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origins with Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Potential II
Authors: Dincheva Ivayla , Badjakov Ilian , Galunska Bistra
Published: February 2025

Exploring bioactive compounds derived from plants has become a cornerstone of innovation in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors [...]
Comparative Analysis of Floral Transcriptomes in Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae)
Authors: Nobles Alexander , Wendel Jonathan F. , Yoo Mi-Jeong
Published: February 2025

Organ-specific transcriptomes provide valuable insight into the genes involved in organ identity and developmental control. This study investigated transcriptomes of floral organs and subtending bracts in wild and domesticated Gossypium hirsutum, focusing on MADS-box genes critical for floral development. The expression profiles of A, B, C, D, and E class genes were analyzed, confirming their roles in floral organ differentiation. Hierarchical clustering revealed similar expression patterns between bracts and sepals, as well as between petals and stamens, while carpels clustered with developing cotton fibers, reflecting their shared characteristics. Beyond MADS-box genes, other transcription factors were analyzed to explore the genetic basis of floral development. While wild and domesticated cotton showed similar expression patterns for key genes, domesticated cotton exhibited significantly higher expression in carpels compared to wild cotton, which aligns with the increased number of ovules in the carpels of domesticated cotton. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted organ-specific roles: genes upregulated in bracts were enriched for photosynthesis-related GO terms, while diverse functions were enriched in floral organs, supporting their respective functions. Notably, A class genes were not significantly expressed in petals, deviating from the ABCDE model, which warrants further analysis. Lastly, the ABCDE class genes exhibited differential homoeolog expression bias toward each subgenome between two accessions, suggesting that the domestication process has influenced homoeolog utilization despite functional constraints in floral organogenesis.
Plant Productivity and Leaf Starch During Grain Fill Is Linked to QTL Containing Flowering Locus T1 (FT1) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Oiestad Alanna J. , Blake Nancy K. , Tillett Brandon J. , O’Sullivan Sergei T. , Cook Jason P. , Giroux Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Shifts in the environment due to climate change necessitate breeding efforts aimed at adapting wheat to longer, warmer growing seasons. In this study, 21 modern wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and 29 landraces were screened for flag leaf starch levels, with the goal of identifying a genetic marker for targeted breeding. The landrace PI 61693 was identified as having exceptionally high flag leaf starch values. Yield trials were carried out in a Berkut × PI 61693 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and a negative correlation was observed between leaf starch, flowering time, and yield. Genetic mapping identified a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) explaining 22–34% variation for leaf starch, flowering time, biomass, and seed yield. The starch synthase TraesCS7D02G117800 (wSsI-1) is located in this region, which possibly accounts for leaf starch variation in this population; also within this QTL is TraesCS7D02G111600 (FT-D1). Sequencing of FT-D1 identified a single base pair deletion in the 3rd exon of the Berkut allele. This indel has recently been shown to significantly impact flowering time and productivity, and likely led to significant variation in flowering date and yield in this population. Here, we illustrate how allelic selection of FT-D1 within breeding programs may aid in adapting wheat to changing environments.
An Analysis of Emissivity and Reflectance Changes in Tablets as a Function of Their Physical Form
Authors: Babczyńska Paula , Bożek Małgorzata , Szebesczyk Agnieszka , Ostróżka-Cieślik Aneta , Adamczyk Jakub , Lebiedowska Agata , Koprowski Robert , Wiernek Barbara , Wilczyński Sławomir
Published: February 2025

Drug tablet crushing is a common practice both in domestic and clinical settings. The alteration of a drug’s physical form through crushing removes its protective outer layer, potentially exposing the active pharmaceutical ingredient to UV radiation. This exposure may result in reduced therapeutic efficacy or the formation of undesirable degradation products. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tablet form and color on reflectance and emissivity properties. The research employed novel methodology utilizing a 410-Solar hemispherical directional reflectometer and an ET-100 emissiometer for emissivity measurements. Results demonstrated that intact white and yellow-orange tablets exhibited higher reflectance compared to their powdered counterparts. White tablets, both in solid and crushed forms, consistently showed higher reflectance across all wavelength ranges compared to yellow-orange tablets in their respective forms. Similarly, intact tablets of both colors displayed higher emissivity values than their powdered forms, with white tablets showing higher emissivity in both forms compared to yellow-orange tablets. The findings indicate that crushing tablets, regardless of their color, increases the exposure of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to potentially harmful radiation.
Design and Flow Field Dynamics of a Novel Spiral Die Head for Film Blowing
Authors: Wu Zhihui , Zhao Yan , Yang Baicheng , Zhou Yuan , Wu Zhifeng
Published: February 2025

Extrusion molding die heads play a critical role in film production, with their structure directly influencing product quality, production efficiency, and die life cycle. This study focused on optimizing the film blowing process by designing a new spiral die head and analyzing the flow field dynamics. The model was constructed via a three-dimensional Boolean operation following fluid mechanics principles to establish a mathematical model based on the die head’s structure and material properties. By varying parameters such as the inlet flow rate, buffer groove length, shaping section length, and non-Newtonian index, the velocity and pressure fields were analyzed using the finite element method. The results show that increasing the inlet velocity and non-Newtonian index significantly impacted the velocity uniformity, inlet and outlet pressure, and pressure drop. A higher inlet velocity led to increased fluctuations in outlet velocity and a higher inlet pressure, while a higher non-Newtonian index resulted in a more uniform outlet velocity and a reduced fluctuation, though with a higher inlet pressure and flow channel pressure drop. The lengthening of the buffer groove and shaping section had minimal effect on the outlet velocity uniformity but increased the inlet and outlet pressures and pressure drop at each stage. This study concluded that a uniform velocity distribution, lower pressure, and reduced energy consumption are crucial for high-quality film production. The optimal parameter values were found to be an inlet flow rate of 0.03 m/s, buffer groove length of 40 mm, shaping section length of 20 mm, and non-Newtonian index of 0.36. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing die head design and improving thin film quality in practical applications.
Efficient Positive Semidefinite Matrix Approximation by Iterative Optimisations and Gradient Descent Method
Authors: Asimit Vali , Wang Runshi , Zhou Feng , Zhu Rui
Published: February 2025

We devise two algorithms for approximating solutions of PSDisation, a problem in actuarial science and finance, to find the nearest valid correlation matrix that is positive semidefinite (PSD). The first method converts the PSDisation problem with a positive semidefinite constraint and other linear constraints into iterative Linear Programmings (LPs) or Quadratic Programmings (QPs). The LPs or QPs in our formulation give an upper bound of the optimal solution of the original problem, which can be improved during each iteration. The biggest advantage of this iterative method is its great flexibility when working with different choices of norms or with user-defined constraints. Second, a gradient descent method is designed specifically for PSDisation under the Frobenius norm to measure how close the two metrices are. Experiments on randomly generated data show that this method enjoys better resilience to noise while maintaining good accuracy. For example, in our experiments with noised data, the iterative quadratic programming algorithm performs best in more than 41% to 67% of the samples when the standard deviation of noise is 0.02, and the gradient descent method performs best in more than 70% of the samples when the standard deviation of noise is 0.2. Examples of applications in finance, as well as in the machine learning field, are given. Computational results are presented followed by discussion on future improvements.
Thermoelectric Measuring Equipment for Perioperative Monitoring of Temperature and Heat Flux Density of the Human Eye in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Kobylianskyi Roman , Przystupa Krzysztof , Lysko Valentyn , Majewski Jacek , Vikhor Lyudmyla , Boichuk Vadym , Zadorozhnyy Oleg , Kochan Orest , Umanets Mykola , Pasyechnikova Nataliya
Published: February 2025

Perioperative monitoring of the ocular heat transfer is important for increasing the safety of long-term vitreoretinal surgery. The study is aimed at studying new thermoelectric measuring devices for comprehensive perioperative monitoring of ocular temperature and heat fluxes in vitreoretinal surgery. This pilot, open-label, prospective study included 23 patients (23 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in both eyes. The thermoelectric devices were developed for measuring intraocular temperature in vitreoretinal surgery and for determining the ocular surface temperature (OST) and heat flux (HF) density. In all cases, OST and HF density of both eyes were recorded (before and after surgery). Intraocular temperature and temperature of the irrigation fluid were measured intraoperatively. No complications associated with the perioperative use of thermoelectric temperature and HF sensors were identified during the study. The successful application of thermoelectric temperature and HF sensors, developed specifically for ophthalmological applications, in comprehensive perioperative monitoring of ocular heat transfer in patients with PDR in vitreoretinal surgery was demonstrated for the first time. Further research is needed to confirm the benefits of perioperative temperature monitoring in vitreoretinal surgery, as well as to develop equipment for active management of temperature in surgical practice.
Integrative Approaches in Remote Sensing and GIS for Assessing Climate Change Impacts Across Malaysian Ecosystems and Societies
Authors: Kemarau Ricky Anak , Suab Stanley Anak , Eboy Oliver Valentine , Sa’adi Zulfaqar , Echoh Daniel Ugih , Sakawi Zaini
Published: February 2025

Climate change presents significant problems to Malaysia, impacting its ecology and socio-economic structure through modified precipitation patterns, heightened flooding, coastal erosion, and agricultural susceptibility. This review methodically evaluates the utilization of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) in comprehending these effects, employing a systematic approach following the PRISMA protocol. Through the examination of peer-reviewed papers from 2010 to 2024, we underscore the progress in remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies and their contribution to improving the spatial analysis of climate change impacts. Our research indicates considerable regional variations in the effects of climate change, highlighting the need for customized adaptation and mitigation efforts. The research Illustrates how advancements In remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GISs) have enhanced forecasting skills and real-time surveillance, offering essential insights into ecosystem susceptibilities and socio-economic threats. This analysis underscores the necessity for cohesive policy strategies that leverage remote sensing and geographic information system insights to tackle the complex difficulties posed by climate change in Malaysia while pushing for additional research on the amalgamation of artificial intelligence and big data analytics to bolster climate resilience.
A Comprehensive Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Empowerment Model for Developing Sustainable Tourism Villages in Rural Communities: A Perspective
Authors: Purnomo Singgih , Purwandari Suci
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the factors driving micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) empowerment, tourism development, and sustainable tourism villages, focusing on Ponggok Tourism Village as a case study. The purpose is to address gaps in understanding how leadership, innovation, governance, collaboration, capacity building, and technology contribute to empowering MSMEs and achieving sustainability in rural tourism contexts. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of survey data and thematic analysis of interviews with MSME actors, facilitators, and local government officials. Key findings reveal that leadership and innovation are critical drivers of MSME empowerment, with technology in service quality significantly impacting tourism development. However, technology in governance and transparency shows limited direct influence on tourism, emphasizing the need for better alignment with tourism strategies. Additionally, MSME empowerment strongly influences both tourism development and the sustainability of tourism villages, creating a mutually reinforcing relationship. This study provides a novel framework for integrating leadership, technological advancements, and governance improvements with local tourism strategies. By highlighting Ponggok’s village potential as a model, the findings offer practical insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to enhance rural tourism through MSME empowerment. Future research could explore scaling this framework to other contexts and refining technological tools for governance in tourism.
Recycling Olive Mill Wastewater to Calcareous Soil: Effect of Preplanning Application Period on Phytotoxicity, Corn Growth, and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Hasan Yousef N. Y. , Ahmed Ibrahim , Al-Barakah Fahad N. , Schoenau Jeff J. , Alotaibi Khaled D.
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the effects of applying olive mill wastewater (OMWW) at different periods prior to corn (Zea mays) sowing on germination rate (GR), growth, and soil nutrient availability in calcareous soil. The OMWW was applied at rates of 0, 20, 40, and 60 m3 ha−1 and was allowed to remain in soil for zero, one, two, three, or four months before sowing corn seeds. Immediate planting after OMWW application significantly reduced the GR, with rates of 83%, 75%, and 63% at 20, 40, and 60 m3 ha−1, respectively. Germination improved when corn was sown one month after OMWW application, with a GR of 92% at both 20 and 40 m3 ha−1 and 79% at 60 m3 ha−1. The GR increased to 96% for the 40 and 60 m3 ha−1 rates when OMWW was applied two months before planting. The adverse impact on GR disappeared when OMWW was in the soil for three months before sowing, providing a GR similar to the unamended control. Corn dry matter yield also improved when OMWW was applied two to three months before planting. The phytotoxic effects of OMWW, due to its high polyphenol content, diminished over time due to rapid degradation in calcareous soils. Soil available N and P were highest, and plant N, P, and K content increased, when OMWW was applied two months prior to planting. Soil pH decreased from 7.8 to 7.2 at 60 m3 ha−1 of OMWW at planting time. Results suggest that OMWW can enhance soil quality and corn growth if applied one to two months before planting to avoid possible negative impact on germination. This work bridges the gap between waste management and sustainable agriculture, offering practical guidelines for OMWW utilization.
Addressing Food Insecurity Through Community Kitchens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study from the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Carlos Bezerra Joana , Nqowana Thandiswa , Oosthuizen Rene , Canca Monica , Nkwinti Nosipho , Mantel Sukhmani Kaur , New Mark , Ford James , Zavaleta-Cortijo Carol Claudia , Galappaththi Eranga K. , Perera Chrishma D. , Jayasekara Sithuni M. , Amukugo Hans Justus , Namanya Didacus B. , Togarepi Cecil , Hangula Martha M. , Nkalubo Jonathan , Akugre Francis A. , Pickering Kerrie , Mensah Adelina M. , Chi Guangqing , Reckford Lenworth , Chicmana-Zapata Victoria , Dharmasiri Indunil P. , Arotoma-Rojas Ingrid
Published: February 2025

One of the most critical impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic was on food security. Food insecurity increased in many communities, with some showing signs of resilience through autonomously creating community kitchens that enhanced food security and built support networks. These initiatives filled gaps left by government programmes and provided a critical lifeline for vulnerable communities during the pandemic, fostering community solidarity. This paper aims to investigate the experiences and perceptions of community kitchen managers in addressing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a town in South Africa in 2020–2022 as a case study. Using arts-based participatory approaches, researchers interviewed 11 community kitchen managers representing 10 community kitchens in four sessions between June and November 2021. The results showed that a lack of jobs and food insecurity were identified as the main threats, whereas COVID-19 was not even identified as a threat by all of the community kitchen managers. Lacking support from the local government, these initiatives depended on individuals and community-based organisations for backing. However, this support decreased in 2021 and 2022, raising concerns about the sustainability of these efforts.
Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of a Pool of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Eight Antigens of African Swine Fever Virus in a Mouse Model
Authors: Huang Jingshan , Gao Tianqi , Lu Zhanhao , Zhong Dailang , Li Mingzhi , Qiu Hua-Ji , Li Yongfeng , Wu Hongxia , Sun Yuan
Published: February 2025

African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a great threat to the global pig industry. There is an urgent demand for effective and safe vaccines to address this threat. This study reports the generation and evaluation of a recombinant Lactococcus lactis pool, each strain expressing one of eight ASFV antigens (F317L, H171R, D117L, E120R, B602L, CD2v, p54, and p72). We evaluated the immune responses in mice through oral gavage and intramuscular immunization to the recombinant L. lactis pool. The results show that the mice immunized via intramuscular injection induced high-level serum IgG antibodies within 7 d post-primary immunization, which was maintained over an extended period. Additionally, there was a marked increase in the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in the sera. In contrast, the mice immunized via oral gavage did not induce obvious serum IgG antibodies. However, they experienced a transient peak of secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in fecal samples within 7 d post-primary immunization, which subsequently decreased to levels that were statistically similar to those in the control group. In addition, this study also found that the multi-antigen cocktail vaccination was safe for mice. This study provides a reference for the development and immunization of ASF vaccines with L. lactis as live carriers.
The association between coding for chronic kidney disease and kidney replacement therapy incidence at CCG-level in England: an ecological study
Authors: Lindemann Christoph Heinrich , Medcalf James , Hollinshead James FV , Nitsch Dorothea
Published: February 2025

Background

With ageing of the population both prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and incidence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are rising. Existing research suggests that Read-coding for CKD in those affected is associated with better implementation of recommended care and fewer hospitalisations for heart failure.

Aim

To investigate whether coding for CKD is associated with regional KRT incidence in England.

Design & setting

This is an ecological study using the clinical commissioning groups (CCG) in England as geographical units.

Method

KRT incidence rates were calculated using UK Renal Registry (UKRR) data from 01/2019 to 12/2021. Data on the percentage of uncoded CKD patients (PUCP) who had laboratory evidence of CKD but lacked a diagnostic code were obtained from the CVDPREVENT Audit, a national audit that extracts routinely held general practitioner data. Data on confounders and acute kidney injury (AKI) mortality as a marker for population frailty were obtained from CVDPREVENT and the UKRR, respectively. Poisson models assessed the association between PUCP and KRT incidence.

Results

After adjusting, the PUCP was non-linearly associated with KRT incidence, with the CCGs in the lowest PUCP quintile having a lower KRT incidence than the others. There was evidence that this association was more pronounced in CCGs with high AKI mortality compared to CCGs with low AKI mortality.

Conclusion

At the geographical level in England, the data suggests that the prevalence of not having formally diagnosed CKD is non-linearly associated with a higher KRT incidence rate, especially in areas with a high AKI mortality.
Considerações sobre a atuação do Atirador Designado Policial (ADP) para o enfrentamento do crime de Domínio de Cidades na Polícia Militar do Paraná
Authors: Cruz Cleiton José
Published: February 2025

Considerando o avanço das dinâmicas criminais no Brasil, especialmente o fenômeno do Domínio de Cidades, que envolve a ocupação de municípios por facções organizadas, a Polícia Militar do Paraná - PMPR tem adotado estratégias especializadas para enfrentar esse tipo de ameaça. O Atirador Designado Policial - ADP, com sua formação técnica e capacidade de neutralização seletiva de ameaças, é um elemento fundamental nessa resposta. Objetiva-se analisar a efetividade do ADP na PMPR no combate ao crime de Domínio de Cidades, examinando os protocolos operacionais e as diretrizes normativas que regem sua atuação, além de explorar a literatura disponível sobre o tema. Para tanto, adota-se uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa e exploratória, com análise bibliográfica e documental de manuais institucionais e registros operacionais. Desse modo, observa-se que a atuação do ADP tem se mostrado eficaz no enfrentamento das facções criminosas, especialmente nas operações de contenção de áreas de risco, ao permitir uma resposta precisa e estratégica. Os resultados sugerem que o uso adequado do ADP, aliado a um treinamento contínuo e a ajustes nos protocolos operacionais, pode incrementar significativamente a eficácia das ações da PMPR. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços, há necessidade de ajustes e aperfeiçoamentos contínuos nas diretrizes de operação, visando a uma atuação ainda mais eficaz e segura.
Educação e Saúde como obra de arte: alteridade na ética, estética e política na Amazônia
Authors: Sampaio Ataualpa Maciel , Ferla Alcindo Antônio , Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira
Published: February 2025

Este artigo pretende pensar a produção da saúde coletiva na Amazônia pelo contato com as práticas educativas de quem habita o chão dos territórios com a precisão de apostar na vida como quem exercita a alegria de constituir passagens nos entremeios do cotidiano. A existência micropolítica tem um cuidado de efetuar a produção do desejo pela via do modo de pensar a força com força das maneiras de conduzir a existência. Logo, este ensaio traz a perspectiva ética, estética e política do cuidado integral por meio do cultivo das memórias, dos saberes locais e das experiências históricas dos fazeres como arte de existir. Concluímos que a educação popular não é um receituário da existência, mas um plano de construção da subjetividade contemporânea pela maneira de afirmar o cuidado com equidade e integralidade na Amazônia pela mediação da alteridade.
Microangiopatia trombótica e crise renal esclerodérmica em paciente com HIV: relato de caso e desafios diagnósticos e terapêuticos
Authors: Amaral João Pedro Fonseca , Silva Danielli Regina da , Torres Apollo Nobre , Barcelos Gabriela Mendes , Kawamura Mirian Akiko , Sousa Pedro Ribeiro de , Nomelini Isabela Destro
Published: February 2025

A microangiopatia trombótica (MAT) é uma manifestação sindrômica rara marcada por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e microtrombos, podendo afetar diversos órgãos, frequentemente os rins, por sua extensa e complexa rede microvascular. Diversas são as etiologias que podem culminar nessa apresentação, dentre elas, a esclerose sistêmica, doença autoimune rara do tecido conjuntivo que resulta em fibrose sistêmica difusa, que pode evoluir com acometimento renal. A MAT na esclerose sistêmica (MAT-ES) é consequência da lesão endotelial e do dano microvascular, que leva à formação de microtrombos em pequenos vasos sanguíneos. O caso clínico consiste em uma paciente de 47 anos, sexo feminino, com HIV, admitida em hospital terciário, que apresentou quadro clínico de edema generalizado, particularmente nas articulações, dor em hipogástrio, disúria, além de espessamento cutâneo e manchas hipocrômicas nos membros superiores e no colo, além de alteração significativa de função renal, com necessidade inclusive, de terapia renal substitutiva. A biópsia de pele posteriormente evidenciou derme com fibrose, glândulas sudoríparas encarceradas e infiltrado linfoplasmocitário perivascular, confirmando o diagnóstico de esclerose sistêmica, enquanto a biópsia renal mostrou espessamento intimal mucoide e concêntrico em arteríolas e artérias interlobulares, além de focos com trombos intraluminais e fragmentos de hemácias na parede arteriolar, concluindo diagnóstico de microangiopatia trombótica. A complexidade do caso destacou a importância da vigilância contínua e intervenção multidisciplinar no manejo de pacientes com condições autoimunes raras e suas complicações, reforçando o desafio diagnóstico e do manejo terapêutico desses pacientes, visando melhorar o prognóstico e minimizar o impacto da doença.
Segurança pública baseada no uso de dados
Authors: Silveira Claudio Todisco
Published: February 2025

Resultados eficazes na segurança pública dependem de decisões fundamentadas em dados e na análise de informações criminais por parte dos gestores. No entanto, a dificuldade em ter esses dados à disposição, interpretá-los corretamente e aplicá-los na formulação de estratégias ainda representa um desafio para muitos profissionais da área. Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar a importância da segurança baseada em dados, demonstrando como o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas e a colaboração com analistas criminais podem aprimorar a gestão do conhecimento e a tomada de decisão. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando revisão bibliográfica e análise de metodologias e experiências bem-sucedidas na área de segurança. Os resultados indicam que a incorporação de tecnologias e métodos analíticos possibilita maior eficiência no planejamento operacional, contribuindo para a redução dos índices criminais. Conclui-se que a segurança pública deve evoluir para um modelo mais estratégico, voltado à resolução de problemas e fundamentado em evidências e na gestão por resultados, garantindo ações mais dinâmicas e alinhadas ao novo momento do país.
The Role of Dental Operating Microscopes and Digital Technologies in Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Anukraha K. , Arun Suji A. , Theshma Vishalini S.A. , . Nivashini
Published: February 2025

The integration of dental operating microscopes (DOM) and digital technologies in endodontics and conservative dentistry has transformed the precision and quality of dental care. DOMs offer enhanced visualization, allowing clinicians to address complex procedures with greater accuracy, such as identifying calcified canals, detecting microcracks, and removing fractured instruments. This review explores the historical evolution of DOMs, their structural design, and the technological milestones that have contributed to their widespread use. By improving ergonomics and clinical outcomes, DOMs have become invaluable in various applications, from caries detection and conservative access openings to endodontic microsurgery. Additionally, the incorporation of digital imaging aids in documentation and postoperative evaluations, contributing to better patient follow-up and long-term monitoring. Although limitations like high cost and illumination challenges remain, continuous advancements in DOM design and function suggest a promising future. DOMs are set to further influence patient care standards, making them a cornerstone in modern dental practice.