bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning
Authors: Fan Xingjun , Cao Tao , Yu Xufang , Wang Yan , Xiao Xin , Li Feiyue , Xie Yue , Ji Wenchao , Song Jianzhong , Peng Ping'an
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large amounts of brown carbon (BrC); however, the
evolutionary behavior of BrC in BB emissions (BB BrC) resulting from complex
atmospheric processes is poorly understood. In this study, the
transformation of contents and the chromophoric characteristics of BrC in
smoke particles emitted by the burning of rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), and pinewood (PW) under O3 aging are investigated. The O3 aging
induced the reduction of light absorption and fluorescence for the BB BrC,
suggesting the decomposition of chromophores and fluorophores. These changes
were accompanied by a decrease in aromaticity, average molecular weight, and
the light absorption capacity for the chromophores, as well as an increase in humification for the fluorophores. The excitation emission matrix combined
with a parallel factor analysis revealed that protein-like components (C3)
were predominantly decomposed by O3 aging, while the relative
distribution of a humic-like component with highly oxygenated chromophores
(C4) gradually increased. In general, the humic-like substances
(C1 + C2 + C4) were transformed to be the most abundant fluorophores for all
the BB BrC samples, which accounted for 84 %–87 % of the total
fluorophores in final O3-aged BB BrC. Two-dimensional correlation
spectroscopy (2D-COS) was performed on the synchronous fluorescence, which
suggested that the RS and CS BrC exhibits the same susceptible
fluorophores changes upon O3 aging. It showed that O3 firstly
reacted with protein-like fractions (263–289 nm) and then with fulvic-like
fractions (333–340 nm). In comparison, the changing sequence of susceptible
fluorophores in the PW BrC to O3 was in the order of fulvic-like fluorophores with
shorter wavelengths (309 nm), protein-like fluorophores (276 nm), and fulvic-like fluorophores with longer wavelengths (358 nm). The
2D-FTIR-COS (2D-COS combined with FTIR) analysis showed conjugated C=O and aromatic C=C and C=O
groups were the most susceptible functional groups to O3 aging for all
BB BrC. Moreover, it also revealed a consistent sequential change, which is in the order of aromatic OH; conjugated C=O groups and aromatic C=O;
aromatic COO−; and finally lignin-derived C–C, C–H, and C–O groups. Our
results provide new insights into the evolutionary behavior of the
chromophoric and fluorescent properties of BB BrC during O3 aging,
which are of great significance for better understanding the heterogeneous
oxidation pathways of BB-derived BrC in the atmospheric environment.
A note on the statistical evidence for an influence of geomagnetic activity on Northern Hemisphere seasonal-mean stratospheric temperatures using the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis
Authors: Tartaglione Nazario , Toniazzo Thomas , Orsolini Yvan , Otterå Odd Helge
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We employ JRA-55 (Japanese 55-year Reanalysis), a recent second-generation global reanalysis providing data of high quality in the stratosphere, to examine whether a distinguishable effect of geomagnetic activity on Northern Hemisphere stratospheric temperatures can be detected. We focus on how the statistical significance of stratospheric temperature differences may be robustly assessed during years with high and low geomagnetic activity. Two problems must be overcome. The first is the temporal autocorrelation of the data, which is addressed with a correction of the t statistics by means of the estimate of the number of independent values in the series of correlated values. The second is the problem of multiplicity due to strong spatial autocorrelations, which is addressed by means of a false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. We find that the statistical tests fail to formally reject the null hypothesis, i.e. no significant response to geomagnetic activity can be found in the seasonal-mean Northern Hemisphere stratospheric temperature record.
Accuracy and inter-analyst agreement of visually estimated sea ice concentrations in Canadian Ice Service ice charts using single-polarization RADARSAT-2
Authors: Cheng Angela , Casati Barbara , Tivy Adrienne , Zagon Tom , Lemieux Jean-François , Tremblay L. Bruno
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This study compares the accuracy of visually estimated ice concentrations by eight analysts at the Canadian Ice Service with three standards: (i) ice concentrations calculated from automated image segmentation, (ii) ice concentrations calculated from automated image segmentation that were validated by the analysts, and (iii) the modal ice concentration estimate by the group. A total of 76 predefined areas in 67 RADARSAT-2 images are used in this study. Analysts overestimate ice concentrations when compared to all three standards, most notably for low ice concentrations (1/10–3/10). The spread of ice concentration estimates is highest for middle concentrations (5/10, 6/10) and smallest for the 9/10 ice concentration. The overestimation in low concentrations and high variability in middle concentrations introduce uncertainty into the ice concentration distribution in ice charts. The uncertainty may have downstream implications for numerical modelling and sea ice climatology. Inter-analyst agreement is also measured to determine which classifier's ice concentration estimates (analyst or automated image segmentation) disagreed the most. It was found that one of the eight analysts disagreed the most, followed second by the automated segmentation algorithm. This suggests high agreement in ice concentration estimates between analysts at the Canadian Ice Service. The high agreement, but consistent overestimation, results in an overall accuracy of ice concentration estimates in polygons to be 39 %, 95 % CI [34 %, 43 %], for an exact match in the ice concentration estimate with calculated ice concentration from segmentation and, 84 %, 95 % CI [80 %, 87 %], for the ±1 ice concentration category. Only images with high contrast between ice and open water and well-defined floes are used: true accuracy is expected to be lower than what is found in this study.
Small scale spatial variability of bare-ice albedo at Jamtalferner, Austria
Authors: Hartl Lea , Felbauer Lucia , Schwaizer Gabriele , Fischer Andrea
Published: April 2020

Abstract. As Alpine glaciers recede, they are quickly becoming snow free in summer and, accordingly, spatial and temporal variations in ice albedo increasingly affect the melt regime. To accurately model future developments, such as deglaciation patterns, it is important to understand the processes governing broadband and spectral albedo at a local scale. However, little in situ data of ice albedo exits. As a contribution to this knowledge gap, we present spectral reflectance data from 325 to 1075 nm collected along several profile lines in the ablation zone of Jamtalferner, Austria. Measurements were timed to closely coincide with a Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 overpass and are compared to the respective ground reflectance products. The brightest spectra have a maximum reflectance of up to 0.7 and consist of clean, dry ice. In contrast, reflectance does not exceed 0.2 at dark spectra where liquid water and/or fine grained debris are present. Spectra can roughly be grouped into dry ice, wet ice, and dirt/rocks, although transitions between types are fluid. Neither satellite captures the full range of in situ reflectance values. The difference between ground and satellite data is not uniform across satellite bands, between Landsat and Sentinel, and to some extent between ice surface types (underestimation of reflectance for bright surfaces, overestimation for dark surfaces). We wish to highlight the need for further, systematic measurements of in situ spectral albedo, its variability in time and space, and in- depth analysis of time-synchronous satellite data.
Los comienzos del periodismo de misterio en la televisión española: MÁS ALLÁ (TVE1, 1976-1981)
Authors: Galvez Maria Pilar Rodriguez
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación analiza uno de los programas televisivos que inició el llamado periodismo de misterio en España: Más Allá. Fue presentado y dirigido por el periodista y psiquiatra Fernando Jiménez del Oso y se emitió en la segunda cadena de la televisión pública española desde 1976 hasta 1981. El programa exponía numerosos debates y entrevistas centrados, en esencia, en el campo de las ciencias ocultas (más concretamente englobaba cualquier tema relacionado con el misterio y lo desconocido). Se analiza su presencia en la programación (cadena, día y hora de emisión), los temas abordados en las diferentes ediciones del programa a lo largo de su emisión, así como la estética y los recursos audiovisuales y técnicos utilizados para crear un ambiente característico. Se mostrará que Más Allá supuso una ruptura respecto a la cultura oficial franquista, abordando, con cierta libertad, cuestiones que hasta entonces se habían considerado tabú.
Los concursos televisivos como estrategia de programación en España (1990-2010): :
Authors: Moreno-Díaz Julio , Medina-de la Viña Elena MEDINA
Published: April 2020

Los años noventa representaron un cambio decisivo en la televisión española. La llegada de los canales privados trajo consigo la ruptura del monopolio que había representado la televisión pública y el comienzo de la competencia entre los canales generalistas públicos y privados. En este interés por atraer al espectador y a la inversión publicitaria, el entretenimiento será un factor clave, concretándose en la producción de formatos concurso. Mediante una metodología cualitativa de análisis de contenidos analizaremos el comportamiento de los programas concurso desde 1990 hasta 2010 y comprobaremos cómo su presencia no solo es continua en las parrillas de programación, si no que el género se adapta en función de las necesidades de programación y de las audiencias.
Los magazines matinales en la televisión pública española (1987-2019): las transformaciones de un formato dinámico
Authors: Etura Hernández Dunia , Zapatero Flórez Cristina
Published: April 2020

Los magazines matinales son uno de los formatos más característicos de la televisión. Desde la inauguración de esta franja horaria a finales de los 80, estos espacios han ido evolucionando con el paso del tiempo para adaptarse a los cambios de tendencia del paradigma televisivo y a la evolución tecnológica. Esta investigación busca entender las transformaciones experimentadas por el formato, mediante el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo y las entrevistas en profundidad, así como dirimir en qué medida ha influido la televisión pública en la evolución de los magazines matinales. Los resultados muestran cómo se ha pasado del formato contenedor más clásico a un enfoque centrado en las tertulias, la información de actualidad y las conexiones en directo. Sin embargo, podría estar a punto de producirse un retorno a los orígenes, que encabezaría TVE que como televisión pública sería menos dependiente de la audiencia.
Historia, evolución, audiencia y agenda temática de los debates electorales televisados en España dentro del contexto europeo
Authors: Rúas-Araújo José , Campos-Freire Francisco , López-López Paulo Carlos
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación hace un análisis de la historia, evolución, audiencias y agenda temática de los debates electorales televisados celebrados en España, comparándolos con los celebrados en Francia, Alemania y Reino Unido, con la intención de observar las posibles semejanzas y diferencias dentro del contexto audiovisual, político y normativo europeo. Se realiza un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo de las audiencias, comparando los resultados a nivel nacional y autonómico con los programas más vistos de la televisión en los años de celebración de cada debate, además de analizar los bloques temáticos y agenda pública. Como conclusión, en el caso de España, la audiencia relativa de los debates televisados y, en el contexto europeo, la falta de uniformidad y armonización de formatos, debido tanto a la diversidad de los sistemas políticos y partidistas de cada país, como a la ausencia de normativas electorales específicas de los estados nacionales y de la propia Unión Europea.
La crónica rosa en la Neotelevisión española como formato del infoentretenimiento: análisis de Tómbola (RTVV, 1997-2004).
Authors: Mercado Saez María Teresa
Published: April 2020

El espectáculo de la realidad o infoshow fue el primer macrogénero de programas propio de la nueva televisión que se consolidó tras la desregulación del sistema en Europa en los años ochenta del siglo XX consolidándose en las parrillas en multitud de formatos. Entre ellos, destacan en España los programas de crónica rosa que proliferaron desde 1993 a 2011. Esta investigación se centra en el formato que marcó un antes y un después en la evolución de este género: Tómbola, emitido en la extinta Canal 9 (RTVV). Mediante el análisis de contenido se concretan los temas que configuraban la conversación, el tipo de personajes que intervinieron, cómo interactúan entrevistados y periodistas, audiencia y nivel de conflicto generado para descubrir las claves del programa que adaptó el talk show a las peculiaridades de la información del corazón. Los resultados muestran que el conflicto no fue el elemento definitorio del éxito.
Retransmisiones taurinas en Telecinco y Antena3 (1990-2010)
Authors: De Haro de San Mateo María Verónica
Published: April 2020

Se ofrece un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo de las retransmisiones taurinas en Antena3 y Telecinco (1990-2010) a partir de visionados; entrevistas a profesionales audiovisuales y del sector taurino; el análisis de fuentes bibliográficas/hemerográficas y de medición de audiencias. Se concluye que, las cadenas que protagonizaron el boom de las retransmisiones taurinas a mediados de los noventa: 1) apostaron por la emisión de espectáculos taurinos en su estrategia programática para obtener audiencia aprovechándose de su popularidad entre los telespectadores; 2) promocionaron a los “toreros mediáticos” (que, si bien se beneficiaron de una gran proyección, sufrieron la crítica de la prensa especializada y del sector más ortodoxo de la afición); 3) agravaron la histórica desunión de los estamentos taurinos con el conflicto de los derechos de imagen; y 4) proyectaron una visión distorsionada de la fiesta de los toros que, a medio plazo, perjudicó a la tauromaquia y sus actores.
Lazy or Dyslexic: A Multisensory Approach to Face English Language Learning Difficulties
Authors: Romero Yanilis
Published: April 2020

An investigation was conducted to help weak academic English learners in a public high school in Colombia, as they seemed to be facing a learning specific difficulty called dyslexia. A focus group of ten students from ninth and tenth grade was the beneficiaries of the design, implementation, and assessment of five multisensory activities to help students decrease their struggles while learning the foreign language (English). For the present action research, five activities were applied during two academic terms (six months) where students were taught verbs, grammar rules, question words, and minimal pairs to help them do better while reading. Outcomes showed that low academic students tend to have a better performance when teachers target multisensory activities to assist them in their learning process related to grammar within the English sessions. Color-coded activities help low achieving students to exercise and remember more easily as senses are engaged while learning, reading exercises are better approached if their workload is split into smaller quantities compare to regular learners.
Endoscopic resection of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma with radiofrequency coblation. A clinical report with literature review
Authors: Clarós Pedro , Waląg Agnieszka , Claros Pedro
Published: April 2020

Introduction
Sinonasal cancer is very rare and accounts for under 1% of all malignancies of which sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC) is about 5%. The maxillary sinus is the most common site of SNACC. Misleading symptomatology which overlaps with rhinosinusitis contributes to the delay of diagnosis. Recently, the endoscopic approach is commonly applied with equal or better results to the open approach. Radiofrequency coblation might be used to reduce blood loss.

Material and Methods
We present a case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the left inferior turbinate. The patient received endoscopic surgical treatment with the application of radiofrequency coblation in Clarós Clinic at the beginning of 2019 and remains followed up with no sign of recurrence. Afterward, we review the literature on the subject.

Conclusion
SnACC is a rare malignancy, characterized by slow growth and perineural infiltration with spreading towards the skull base, cavernous sinus, and orbit. The regional nodal involvement is rare. Frequent and delayed distant metastasis in lung, bone, liver, and brain are also typical. Prognosis is poor with the 5-year overall survival between 41%-86%. Surgery with or without complementary radiotherapy provides the best outcomes for the majority of patients. The significance of prognostic factors remains unclear. Lifelong surveillance is obligatory as very late recurrences are common.
Die Realisierbarkeit von Allianzverträgen im deutschen Vertragsrecht
Authors: Warda Julius
Published: April 2020

Cooperative multi-party agreements between three or more building parties, so-called "alliance agreements" or "multi-party agreements", have been on everyone's lips in recent times. These are called partnering, alliancing or IPD and promise high savings and thus an economical handling of complex construction projects. However, little is known about the content of these contracts, how they differ from classic contracts and why more than just new contracts are needed. There is no case law on this subject so far.

For the first time in German-speaking countries, the author presents foreign example contracts from all countries of origin in detail and explains how they can be implemented in Germany. The focus is on the type of contract and the contents of new contracts. For this purpose, a double-digit number of multi-party contracts was evaluated.

The author Julius Warda has been researching the legal conditions and variants of multi-party contracts since 2018.
Grundbuch ex machina
Authors: Simmchen Christoph
Published: April 2020

Nach der Finanzkrise von 2008 wurde unter dem Pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto das Konzept einer beabsichtigten Währungsalternative namens Bitcoin veröffentlicht. In den ersten Jahren nach der Veröffentlichung konzentrierte sich das Interesse ausschließlich auf den Anwendungsfall eines neuartigen Zahlungsmittels. Sodann stieg jedoch zunehmend das Interesse an der zugrundeliegenden Registerführung, die aufgrund ihrer Transaktionsvalidierung als Blockchain bezeichnet wird. Ihre Befürworter nennen als zukünftigen Anwendungsfall vielfach das Grundbuch. Die vorliegende Arbeit greift diesen Gedanken auf und setzt sich erstmalig vertieft mit ihm auseinander. Mangels etablierter Terminologie identifiziert sie zunächst die Wesensmerkmale einer Blockchain. Anschließend wird verglichen, inwieweit sich Blockchain und Grundbuch in ihrem Aufbau und der Funktionsweise ähneln, um letztlich zu evaluieren, ob eine Blockchain im Grundbuchwesen zur Disintermediation führen würde und wie sich die dezentrale Lösung des Double-Spending Problems zu Rechtsscheinskonstellationen verhält.
Early Multi-organ Point-of-Care Ultrasound Evaluation of Respiratory Distress During SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Case Report
Authors: Farrow Robert , Becherer-Bailey Graham , Mantuani Daniel , Nagdev Arun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several case series from Italy and China have highlighted the lung ultrasound findings of this disease process and may demonstrate its clinical utility during the current pandemic.

Case Report: We present a case of a COVID-19 patient who presented to the emergency department twice within a 24-hour period with rapidly progressing illness. A multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) evaluation was used on the return visit and assisted clinical decision-making.

Discussion: A multi-organ POCUS exam allows for quick assessment of acute dyspnea in the emergency department. As the lung involvement of COVID-19 is primarily a peripheral process it is readily identifiable via lung ultrasound. We believe that when applied efficiently and safely a POCUS exam can reduce clinical uncertainty and potentially limit the use of other imaging modalities when treating patients with COVID-19.

Conclusion: This case highlights the utility of an early multiorgan point-of-care assessment for patients presenting with moderate respiratory distress during the severe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
The Relationship Between Religious Attitudes and Academic Motivation of Nursing and Midwifery Students: A Descriptive-Analytical Study
Authors: Heydari Naval , Janghorban Roksana , Akbarzadeh Marzieh
Published: April 2020

: Religious attitude is one of the factors affecting mental health; thus, considering motivation as a psychological factor, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and academic motivation of nursing and midwifery students. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 139 nursing and midwifery students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences who were selected randomly in 2016. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts of demographic data, religious attitude questionnaire of religion attitude scale-review (RAS-R), and academic motivation adopted from the questionnaire developed by Hermens. The mean score of the students’ academic achievement motivation was 83.56 ± 8.29, and that of religious attitude was 97.2 ± 15.5. The relationship between the total score of the student's academic motivation and religious attitudes based on the Pearson correlation coefficient test was significant, with P < 0.001 at a significance level of 0.01. Based on the linear regression test, also the relationship between the two variables at a significance level of ≤ 0.05 was significant with P < 0.001, r = 0.412, and r2 = 0.164. So, a positive relationship was observed between religious attitudes and academic achievement motivation in students.
Studentská hodnocení výuky s využitím dotazníku CEQ: analýza zahraničních zkušeností
Authors: Juklová Kateřina , Chvál Martin , Michek Stanislav , Vondroušová Jindra
Published: April 2020

Přehledová studie si klade za cíl představit jeden z celosvětově nejvyužívanějších dotazníků k hodnocení výuky studenty, Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). V úvodním oddíle studie seznamuje s teoretickým zázemím vzniku a úprav dotazníku. Na základě analýzy 103 empirických a přehledových studií popisujících zkušenosti s tvorbou, ověřováním i využíváním dotazníku v různých vzdělávacích kontextech a ve více než 20 zemích světa přináší doklady o jeho psychometrických vlastnostech a možnostech využití. Diskutován je potenciální přínos dotazníku pro studentské evaluace v aktuálních podmínkách českého vysokého školství.
Foreign Language Learning Experiences of Deaf and Severely Hard-of-Hearing Czech University Students
Authors: Sedláčková Jitka , Kontra Edit H.
Published: April 2020

Předkládaná studie popisuje kvalitativní výzkum, jehož cílem bylo získat vhled do zkušeností a názorů čtyř českých neslyšících či těžce sluchově postižených vysokoškolských studentů či absolventů s učením se anglickému jazyku. V rámci mezinárodního projektu byly se dvěma ženami a dvěma muži provedeny rozhovory, které poskytují osobní pohled na potřeby, problémy a preferované výukové a učební strategie studentů se ztrátou sluchu. Na základě deskriptivně-interpretační analýzy dat provedené dle principů kvalitativního výzkumu byla identifikována čtyři hlavní témata: Zkušenosti s učením, Motivace, Jazyková modalita výuky a Učební strategie a autonomie. Výsledky výzkumu ukazují na význam zkušeností s výukou a učením se získaných na základní a střední škole a potřebnost učitelů, kteří důvěřují schopnostem neslyšících studentů a dokáží používat český znakový jazyk. Zjištěn mohou být přínosná pro učitele jazyků a jejich odbornou přípravu stejně jako pro tvůrce vzdělávací politiky a jsou přenositelná pro podobné kontexty.
Sumario / Content
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: April 2020

Índice de contenidos
Nuklearnomedicinske preiskave v diagnostiki demence in parkinsonizmov
Authors: Rus Tomaž , Jamšek Jan , Berlot Rok , Šurlan Popovič Katarina , Grmek Marko , Trošt Maja
Published: April 2020

Nevrodegenerativne bolezni možganov, ki se klinično izrazijo kot demenca ali parkinsonizem, postajajo s staranjem prebivalstva vse pogostejše. Zgodnja in pravilna diagnoza je pomembna zaradi izključevanja ozdravljivih vzrokov, ustreznega simptomatskega zdravljenja, socialnih ukrepov in vključevanja bolnikov v klinične raziskave. Dokončno diagnozo večine nevrodegenerativnih bolezni možganov lahko postavimo le na podlagi patohistološkega vzorca možganovine. Za živa so nam v veliko pomoč funkcijske nuklearnomedicinske preiskave, s katerimi lahko prikažemo spremenjeno regionalno presnovo možganov, motnje na nivoju nevrotransmiterskih sistemov in patomorfološki substrat bolezni – kopičenje patoloških beljakovin. Glede na značilne spremembe regionalne presnove možganov, ki jih preučujemo s pozitronsko emisijsko tomografijo (PET) možganov z uporabo z radioaktivnim fluorom (18F) označene deoksiglukoze, lahko razlikujemo med alzheimerjevo boleznijo, demenco z lewyjevimi telesci, frontotemporalno demenco in redkejšimi vzroki kognitivnega upada ter med parkinsonovo boleznijo in drugimi nevrodegenerativnimi parkinsonizmi. Z ugotavljanjem integritete dopaminergičnega sistema (npr. scintigrafijo dopaminskega prenašalca; DaTSCAN) lahko razlikujemo med nevrodegenerativnimi parkinsonizmi in drugimi možnimi vzroki težav. Amiloidni PET možganov nam prikaže prisotnost in značilno razporeditev prekomernega kopičenja amiloida pri bolnikih z alzheimerjevo boleznijo že pred pojavom kliničnih znakov bolezni. V prispevku predstavljamo nuklearno medicinske preiskave, obravnavamo indikacije in značilne spremembe ter omejitve teh preiskav v diagnostiki nevrodegenerativnih bolezni možganov.
Tax planning and forecasting on the macro-level by main federal taxes (on the example of the Republic of Dagestan)
Authors: Imanshapieva Mazika Musabekovna
Published: April 2020

  This article examines the peculiarities of the system of tax planning on the macro level in the current context. The key task of tax planning and forecasting consists in determination for a specified period of economically substantiated and precise volume of tax revenue into the budget. The author explores the problems of forecasting of tax revenue, indicating the priority vectors for their overcoming. Particular attention is paid to the method of determination of tax potential of the regions. Analysis is conducted on the indexes of tax revenue in to the budgetary system of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Republic of Dagestan). The author makes recommendations on improving the methodology of determination of tax potential in accordance with macroeconomic indexes affecting the size of the taxable base. The conclusions are formulated on increasing the performance of the system of planning and forecasting of tax revenue on the macro-level by main federal taxes into the budgetary system of the Russian Federation in today’s reality.  
The phenomenon of human alienation: socio-ontological aspect
Authors: Prozumentik Kirill
Published: April 2020

This article is dedicated to one of the key problems of social philosophy – the phenomenon of human alienation. The subject of this research is the ontological grounds of alienation. The goal consists in determination of the existential foundation of alienation as a complicated socio-ontological phenomenon, as well as differentiation of the narrow and broad sense of the concept of “alienation”. In the narrow sense, alienation implies the process, when the products of human activity and activity itself obtain the status of autonomous agents opposing to human. In a broad sense, alienation is interpreted as an ontological distinction within the structure of being. For revealing the ontological grounds of alienation, the author attracts and reconsiders the ideological arsenal of philosophical anthropology, fundamental ontology, existentialism, personalism, Marxism, and post-phenomenology. The ontological interpretation allows comprehending the anthropogenesis, historical development of human, and evolution of human mind in the context of the terms of alienation. Thus, the first is interpreted as a self-alienation of the world; the second – as alienation of human from himself; and the third – as an ideal of appeal of the world towards itself, realized through human spiritual activity. All elements of the triad form an ontological basis doe alienation in the narrow sense.
“Russian way” of formation of civil society
Authors: Zabneva El'vira Ivanovna
Published: April 2020

The subject of this research is the process of formation of civil society. The author presents a comparative analysis of the Western and Russian models. Based on such positions as the stance on private property, peculiarities of social community, agency of social transformations and source of social initiatives, the article highlights the key characteristics of the two described models. Particular attention is turned to the problem of personal spiritual and economic freedom as one of the fundamental factors for the establishment of civil society. The author outlines its external and internal determinants. The research methodology is based on the comparative analysis of the Western and Russian models of the formation of civil society, considering the specifics of cultural and historical context. The Russian model of civil society, being functionally identical to the Western, represents a peculiar social phenomenon, differed by the type and genesis. Within the national context, civil society acquires a unique content, defined by nature and dynamics of interaction between the government and people. In this regard, the formation of mentality of a Russian person is of particular significance.
Fractured clasts in the Mt Currie Conglomerate at Kata Tjuta (Central Australia): evidence of Early Cambrian earthquakes?
Authors: Tokarski Antek K. , Strzelecki Piotr J.
Published: April 2020

Lower Cambrian Mt Currie conglomerate at Kata Tjuta bornhardts (Central Australia) bears numerous fractured clasts. Clast-cutting fractures are restricted to particular clasts, the matrix of the conglomerate is not fractured. The fractures are tectonic joints of two sets. The joints were formed due to either seismic or aseismic deformation. In the former case, the fractures may result from Early Paleozoic earthquakes.
ERK3/MAPK6 controls IL-8 production and chemotaxis
Authors: Bogucka Katarzyna , Pompaiah Malvika , Marini Federico , Binder Harald , Harms Gregory , Kaulich Manuel , Klein Matthias , Michel Christian , Radsak Markus P , Rosigkeit Sebastian , Grimminger Peter , Schild Hansjörg , Rajalingam Krishnaraj
Published: April 2020

ERK3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the atypical mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the physiological significance of its short half-life remains unclear. By employing gastrointestinal 3D organoids, we detect that ERK3 protein levels steadily decrease during epithelial differentiation. ERK3 is not required for 3D growth of human gastric epithelium. However, ERK3 is stabilized and activated in tumorigenic cells, but deteriorates over time in primary cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ERK3 is necessary for production of several cellular factors including interleukin-8 (IL-8), in both, normal and tumorigenic cells. Particularly, ERK3 is critical for AP-1 signaling through its interaction and regulation of c-Jun protein. The secretome of ERK3-deficient cells is defective in chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Further, knockdown of ERK3 reduces metastatic potential of invasive breast cancer cells. We unveil an ERK3-mediated regulation of IL-8 and epithelial secretome for chemotaxis.
A single power stroke by ATP binding drives substrate translocation in a heterodimeric ABC transporter
Authors: Stefan Erich , Hofmann Susanne , Tampé Robert
Published: April 2020

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute the largest family of primary active transporters, responsible for many physiological processes and human maladies. However, the mechanism how chemical energy of ATP facilitates translocation of chemically diverse compounds across membranes is poorly understood. Here, we advance the quantitative mechanistic understanding of the heterodimeric ABC transporter TmrAB, a functional homolog of the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) by single-turnover analyses at single-liposome resolution. We reveal that a single conformational switch by ATP binding drives unidirectional substrate translocation. After this power stroke, ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release launch the return to the resting state, which facilitates nucleotide exchange and a new round of substrate binding and translocation. In contrast to hitherto existing steady-state assays, our single-turnover approach uncovers the power stroke in substrate translocation and the tight chemomechanical coupling in these molecular machines.
Dynamics of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in response to compost addition in black soil, Northeast China
Authors: Yang Zhongzan , Guan Yupeng , Bello Ayodeji , Wu Yanxiang , Ding Jiayi , Wang Leiqi , Ren Yuqing , Chen Guangxin , Yang Wei
Published: April 2020

Organic fertilizer application could have an impact on the nitrogen cycle mediated by microorganisms in arable soils. However, the dynamics of soil ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in response to compost addition are less understood. In this study, we examined the effect of four compost application rates (0, 11.25, 22.5 and 45 t/ha) on soil ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers at soybean seedling, flowering and mature stage in a field experiment in Northeast China. As revealed by quantitative PCR, compost addition significantly enhanced the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) at seedling stage, while the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea was unaffected across the growing season. The abundance of genes involved in denitrification (nirS,nirKandnosZ) were generally increased along with compost rate at seedling and flowering stages, but not in mature stage. The non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that moderate and high level of compost addition consistently induced shift in AOB andnirScontaining denitrifers community composition across the growing season. Among AOB lineages,Nitrosospiracluster 3a gradually decreased along with the compost rate across the growing season, whileNitrosomonasexhibited an opposite trend. Network analysis indicated that the complexity of AOB andnirScontaining denitrifiers network gradually increased along with the compost rate. Our findings highlighted the positive effect of compost addition on the abundance of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers and emphasized that compost addition play crucial roles in shaping their community compositions and co-occurrence networks in black soil of Northeast China.
Effect of additional body weight on arch index and dynamic plantar pressure distribution during walking and gait termination
Authors: Cen Xuanzhen , Xu Datao , Baker Julien S. , Gu Yaodong
Published: April 2020

The medial longitudinal arch is considered as an essential feature which distinguishes humans from other primates. The longitudinal arch plays a supporting and buffering role in human daily physical activities. However, bad movement patterns could lead to deformation of arch morphology, resulting in foot injuries. The authors aimed to investigate any alterations in static and dynamic arch index following different weight bearings. A further aim was to analyze any changes in plantar pressure distribution characteristics on gait during walking and stopping, Twelve males were required to complete foot morphology scans and three types of gait tests with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of additional body weight. The dynamic gait tests included walking, planned and unplanned gait termination. Foot morphology details and plantar pressure data were collected from subjects using the Easy-Foot-Scan and Footscan pressure platform. No significant differences were observed in static arch index when adding low levels of additional body weight (10%). There were no significant changes observed in dynamic arch index when loads were added in the range of 20% to 30%, except in unplanned gait termination. Significant maximal pressure increases were observed in the rearfoot during walking and in both the forefoot and rearfoot during planned gait termination. In addition, significant maximum pressure increases were shown in the lateral forefoot and midfoot during unplanned gait termination when weight was increased. Findings from the study indicated that excessive weight bearing could lead to a collapse of the arch structure and, therefore, increases in plantar loading. This may result in foot injuries, especially during unplanned gait termination.
The Lived Experience of Recovery: The Role of Health Work in Addressing the Social Determinants of Mental Health
Authors: Reid Colleen , Clark Nancy , Landy Ania , Alonso Maya
Published: April 2020

Recovery is a policy framework for mental health in Canada. Key challenges to the integration of recovery include a gap in knowledge about the work that people do to promote their health and well-being in the context of living with mental ill health. This study used Photovoice to explore the lived realities of people living with mental ill health and the impact of the social determinants on their recovery process. Findings from this study inform policy and practice on promoting health work as an important dimension of recovery and community inclusion.
Nature of Inheritance to Heat Stress and Selection of Inherent Genotypes in Tropical Maize
Authors: Mwanza Chiseche , Mataa Mebelo , Tembo Langa
Published: April 2020

Maize is an important cereal in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, heat stress has been reported to cause yield losses. The objective of this study was therefore to identify tolerant genotypes to heat stress and determine the type of gene action conditioning heat tolerance in tropical maize. To achieve these objectives, five maize inbred lines (L2 [P1]; DTS 6,36 [P2]; L5527 [P3]; DTS 6,6 [P4] and DTS 6,92 [P5]) were mated in a 5 x 5 half diallel. Their progeny were evaluated at a heat prone site (Lusitu) and at the University of Zambia (UNZA), a control site. The experiment was laid as a randomised complete block design with two replications in each site. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were obtained among genotypes in Lusitu with regards to all measured parameters. The crosses[P2 (DTS 6,36) x P4 (DTS 6,6)] and [P4 (DTS 6,6) x P5 (DTS 6,92)]were identified as tolerant genotypes to heat stress. Further analysis showed that the general combining ability (GCA) effects for parent P4 (DTS 6, 6) and P3 (L5527) were positively and negatively significantly different (P ≤ 0.01) from zero respectively with regards to all measured parameters. On the other hand, crosses [P1 (L2) x P3 (L5527)] & [P4 (DTS 6,6) x P5 (DTS 6,92)]were found to possess desirable significant (P ≤ 0.05) specific combining ability (SCA)effects from zero. The results of baker’s ratio obtained for responseto heat stress for all secondary traits measured were found to be greater than 0.88. This implied that additive gene action was more important in conditioning the response of these traits to heat tolerance.
COVID-19; Plague of the 21st Century; Situation Update
Authors: Baig Mirza Zain , Zafar Zaitoon , Aziz Abeer , Abdullah Umme Hani
Published: April 2020

The first known case of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 occurred in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. In a matter of a few months, it has spread globally to infect more than 500, 000 people and has caused more than 20,000 deaths. It was officially declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). To date, it has strained medical infrastructure, stagnated global economy and given rise to social stigma, fear, and racism. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of our current knowledge and understanding of this new disease.
DAPK3 participates in the mRNA processing of immediate early genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Thomas Fraser , Holmes Katie B. , Kreuz Sarah , Hillmen Peter , Lefevre Pascal F.
Published: April 2020

Cross‐linking of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) induces transcriptional activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) including EGR1 and DUSP2 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Here, we have shown that this transcriptional activation correlated with histone H3 threonine 6 and 11 phosphorylation. Both transcription and histone post‐translational modifications are repressed by ibrutinib, a small molecule inhibitor used in CLL treatment. Moreover, we have identified the death‐associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3), as the kinase mediating these histone phosphorylation marks in response to activation of the BCR signalling pathway with this kinase being recruited to RNA polymerase II in an anti‐IgM‐dependent manner. DAPK inhibition mimics ibrutinib‐induced repression of both IEG mRNA and histone H3 phosphorylation and has anti‐proliferative effect comparable to ibrutinib in CLL in vitro. DAPK inhibitor does not repress transcription itself but impacts on mRNA processing and has a broader anti‐tumour effect than ibrutinib, by repressing both anti‐IgM‐ and CD40L‐dependent activation.
Technical Note: A novel dosimeter improves total skin electron therapy surface dosimetry workflow
Authors: Tendler Irwin I. , Bruza Petr , Jermyn Michael , Soter Jennifer , Sharp Gregory , Williams Benjamin , Jarvis Lesley A. , Pogue Brian , Gladstone David J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The novel scintillator‐based system described in this study is capable of accurately and remotely measuring surface dose during Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET); this dosimeter does not require post‐exposure processing or annealing and has been shown to be re‐usable, resistant to radiation damage, have minimal impact on surface dose, and reduce chances of operator error compared to existing technologies e.g. optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSLD). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the workflow required to measure surface dose using this new scintillator dosimeter and compare it to that of standard OSLDs.

Methods

Disc‐shaped scintillators were attached to a flat‐faced phantom and a patient undergoing TSET. Light emission from these plastic discs was captured using a time‐gated, intensified, camera during irradiation and converted to dose using an external calibration factor. Time required to complete each step (daily QA, dosimeter preparation, attachment, removal, registration, and readout) of the scintillator and OSLD surface dosimetry workflows was tracked.

Results

In phantoms, scintillators and OSLDs surface doses agreed within 3% for all data points. During patient imaging it was found that surface dose measured by OSLD and scintillator agreed within 5% and 3% for 35/35 and 32/35 dosimetry sites, respectively. The end‐to‐end time required to measure surface dose during phantom experiments for a single dosimeter was 78 and 202 sec for scintillator and OSL dosimeters, respectively. During patient treatment, surface dose was assessed at 7 different body locations by scintillator and OSL dosimeters in 386 and 754 sec, respectively.

Conclusion

Scintillators have been shown to report dose nearly twice as fast as OSLDs with substantially less manual work and reduced chances of human error. Scintillator dose measurements are automatically saved to an electronic patient file and images contain a permanent record of the dose delivered during treatment.
Patient Perception of Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Banerjee Shubhasree , George Michael D. , Singh Sukhraj , Tchervenkov Jennifer , Van Heusen Amber , Tageldin Mohamed , Riley Mark , Shaukat Muhammad Saad , Demenagas Nicholas , Le Kevin , Oliveira Tiffany , Kwon Sooyeon , Feustel Paul , Kremer Joel M.
Published: April 2020

Objective

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) compared with age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The objective of our study was to measure the knowledge of patients with RA about the association between their disease and cardiovascular (CV) risk and to measure the frequency of counseling by physicians based on patient report.

Methods

A telephone survey was conducted among patients with RA enrolled in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America RA registry to collect data on medical and social history and on knowledge about CVD risk in RA and how they learned about that risk. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine the factors associated with patients’ knowledge and factors influencing likelihood of physician counseling. The odds ratios (ORs) represent adjusted multivariable results.

Results

Of 185 patients with RA included in the study, 87 patients (47%) were aware that RA was a CV risk factor. Older age (OR 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4‐0.8 per decade) and smoking (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.1‐0.9) were associated with low awareness, whereas disease duration of more than 10 years (OR 5.2; 95% CI 2.2‐12.1) was positively associated with patient knowledge. Counseling by physicians, mostly rheumatologists, on CV risk in RA was reported by 47 patients (25%). Disease duration of more than 10 years (OR 3.9; 95% CI 1.2‐13.1) was positively associated with patient‐reported counseling. Patients with hypertension were less likely to report counseling (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2‐0.9).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated low patient awareness of CV risk with RA and low rates of patient‐reported counseling by physicians. This is an unmet need in clinical practice, which may be overcome by multimodal approaches such as developing websites, organizing symposiums, and involving health care providers at various levels.