bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequencing confirms the presence of the invasive sea anemone Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) in Argentina
Authors: González Muñoz Ricardo , Lauretta Daniel , Bazterrica María Cielo , Puente Tapia Francisco Alejandro , Garese Agustín , Bigatti Gregorio , Penchaszadeh Pablo E. , Lomovasky Betina , Acuña Fabián H.
Published: November 2023

Background

Diadumene lineata is one of the most widespread sea anemone species worldwide. Although this species has been reported a few times on the Argentine coast since 2004, its identification has traditionally been based on external morphological characteristics, and in most cases no voucher specimens are available to support previous records.

Methods

In this study, we obtained DNA sequences of two mitochondrial markers (12S and 16S) and two nuclear markers (18S and 28S) from specimens of D. lineata collected in two locations on the Argentine coast separated by almost 800 km. Additionally, we conducted an analysis of the morphology, as well as the types and size ranges of cnidae, using specimens collected at three different locations along the Argentine coast. Furthermore, since introduced populations of D. lineata are presumably ephemeral and only reproduce asexually outside their native range, we examined the internal anatomy of representatives from the Argentine coast for gametogenic tissue as an indication of whether they might be capable of sexual reproduction.

Results

DNA data support our morphological identification, including cnidae analyses, of the specimens as D. lineata. Furthermore, all specimens examined were determined to be sterile.

Discussion

Genetic sequence comparisons, phylogenetic reconstruction, and cnidae data support the identification of individuals of D. lineata from Mar Chiquita and Garipe Beach, confirming the presence of the species on the Argentine coast using both morphological and molecular tools. The absence of fertile specimens suggests that each sampled population is likely reproducing only by asexual reproduction and possibly composed of clones. The presence of an additional category of longer p-mastigophores B2a in the actinopharynx and filaments, as well as holotrichs in the column, is also reported.

Conclusions

For the first time, we have confirmed the presence of D. lineata in Argentina through molecular data. Additionally, our findings indicate that the analyzed specimens are sterile, suggesting that this species is not engaging in sexual reproduction in the studied localities. It is crucial to continue monitoring the populations of D. lineata along the Argentine coast to assess whether they establish sexual reproduction, expand their distribution range or disappear, or potentially cause any harm to local species or alterations in benthic communities.
Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of 71 patients with gastric cancer and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Chen Ling , Lin Jing , Chen Yu , Yu Jiami , Wang Xiaojie
Published: November 2023

Background

Gastric cancer consists of solid tumors with a tendency for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC is rare in patients with stomach cancer, and there have been few studies on this condition. We aimed to perform comprehensive analyses of the prognosis and clinicopathologic characteristics of stomach cancer patients with DIC.

Methods

Between June 2006 and March 2020, 14,016 patients at Fujian Cancer Hospital were diagnosed with stomach cancer. We reviewed their medical records and found that 105 of these patients were diagnosed with DIC. After excluding patients who were lost to follow-up, 71 patients with DIC remained. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to observe clinical characteristics and prognostic factors, and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Prognostic variables were investigated by the Cox proportional hazards method.

Results

The median age was 54 (range, 21–83) years, and 38 patients (53.5%) were male. The histological category was poorly differentiated gastric cancer in 58 patients (81.7%). Eleven patients (15.5%) developed DIC after curative gastric resection. Sixty patients (84.5%) had DIC at the initial presentation of gastric cancer or developed DIC when the tumor progressed during treatment. Fifty-one patients (71.8%) had bleeding symptoms, and 43 (60.6%) patients had comorbidities at the time of DIC diagnosis. Among the 71 patients, 42 (59.2%) had multiple metastatic patterns. Twenty-one (29.6%) patients received chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 57.0 days (95% confidence interval [CI] [33.1–80.9] days). Tumor status (P = 0.000) and treatment (P = 0.003) were found to be significant variables associated with OS by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor status (P = 0.000) and treatment (P = 0.000) had independent effects on OS.

Conclusions

Gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple metastatic patterns and comorbidities at diagnosis with DIC are common in patients with gastric cancer complicated with DIC. Patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer are more likely to develop DIC. Treatment and tumor status are separate risk variables for the survival of gastric cancer patients with DIC.DIC patients without tumors have a good prognosis and can be cured by appropriate etiological correction and symptomatic treatment. Chemotherapy can improve the prognosis of DIC patients with tumors.
Integrating Ugandan Fauna and Flora into Ceramic Art Identity
Authors: Kidega Samuel , Kwesiga Philip , Sizoomu George
Published: November 2023

This study was carried out to exam the influence of integrating Ugandan fauna and flora into ceramic art identity, a multifaceted endeavor that encapsulates the essence of Uganda's rich biodiversity and cultural heritage within the realm of ceramic artistry. Through a fusion of artistic creativity and environmental conservation, this approach serves to foster a profound connection between artists, their heritage, and the natural world, presenting both aesthetic and socio-cultural benefits.

By exploring the fusion of Ugandan fauna and flora with ceramic art identity, the results emphasizes the potential for raising environmental awareness and advocating for the preservation of Uganda's unique ecosystems. Artists engaged in this innovative approach not only produce aesthetically striking works but also become advocates for the nation's diverse wildlife and plant life. Their creations serve as both mirrors reflecting the beauty of Uganda's natural world and lenses magnifying the importance of environmental stewardship.

Furthermore, the results highlighted the role of fauna and flora integration in preserving and expressing cultural identity. Indigenous communities in Uganda have historically maintained deep connections with their local environments, often rooted in the intricate relationship between culture and nature. By incorporating this cultural aspect into their ceramic art, Ugandan artists can kindle a renewed sense of appreciation for their cultural heritage and convey its significance to future generations.

In conclusion, the study sets the stage for a comprehensive exploration of integrating Ugandan fauna and flora into ceramic art identity. It underscores the potential for environmental and cultural enrichment through this fusion, offering a glimpse into the remarkable possibilities for artistic expression, cultural preservation, and ecological advocacy in Uganda's ceramic art scene.
Ramadan Fasting in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Megahed Abir Farouk , Abdel-Gawad Sara M. , El-Bahnasawy Nour Allah Magdy , Sayed-Ahmed Nagy
Published: November 2023

Background: According to Islamic rules, a Muslim is requested to abstain from food, water, smoking, medications, and sexual activities from dawn until dusk, every day during the month of Ramadan. While Islam rules allow patients with appreciable illnesses not to fast, many Muslims, with chronic diseases, tend to stick to fasting, even against medical advice. However, there is no consensus among treating physicians regarding the fasting of Ramadan of patients in various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those who insist on fasting regardless of their health problems.

Aim of the Work:We aimed to observe the practice of Ramadan fasting of CKD patients of different disease stages and its effect on CKD progression.

Methods and Subjects:The study observed sixty-three patients who were followed regularly at the Nephrology Outpatient Clinic in Mansoura Military Hospital, before, during, and after the month of Ramadan during summer in the years 2016-2019 to evaluate the effect of fasting on the patients and their kidneys. The study comprised two groups that comprised fifty fasting patients and thirteen in non -fasting group.

Results:The examined CKD patients included 47 males and 16 females who comprised 50 patients who practised fasting and 13 patients who did not fast the months of Ramadan according to their own will. Their ages ranged between 27 and 77 years. Forty-nine patients did not progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), while the remaining fourteen patients ended with dialysis during the study.Neither urea nor creatinine changes had statistically significant differences between patients who had and who had not fasted. In addition, differences in creatinine slope values between those who fasted did not show any statistical significance. Fourteen of the studied patients progressed to the need for dialysis; their mean age was 62 years. Of them, those who fasted included 3 patients of stage 4 and 6 patients of stage 5. Furthermore, the frequency of patients who started dialysis directly after Ramadan (six patients; 66.7%) were lower in the fasting group. Of the studied patients, seven had renal stones and opted to fast. All of them experienced occasional attacks of loin pain that increased during the first two weeks of fasting but decreased in the last two weeks of the month of Ramadan.

Conclusion: Compared to non-fasting, Ramadan fasting does not cause a significant extra risk of renal disease progression.
Effect of Long-Term Application of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manure, and Lime on Different Forms of Potassium in Soil under Maize-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Toppo Madhuri , Sinha Asha Kumari , Upadhay Ajay Kumar , Mahapatra Prabhakar
Published: November 2023

The field study was undertaken with the major emphasis on potassium fractionation and its contribution in acid alfisol soils as affected by adoption of continuous cropping, fertilization, and manuring under maize-wheat cropping system in same field over 62 years of crop cycles. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments, replicated thrice times in a randomized block design, out of which nine treatments were selected for the present study. The selected treatments were as follows - control, T2-100% N, T3- FYM, T4-100% NP, T5-100% NPK, T6- 1/2(N+FYM) + P(A-X/2) + K(B-Y/2) (INM), T7-100% NPK + Lime where the lime application in LR once in 4 years, T8-Lime+ FYM+ P(A-X) + K(B-Y), T9-Lime+N. Surface soil (0-15cm) and subsurface soil (16-30 cm) samples were collected after the harvest of wheat in 2017-18 to observe the initial Physico-chemical properties. Different fractions of potassium, viz., water-soluble K, exchangeable K, available K, 1NHNO3K, non-exchangeable K, Lattice K, and Total K were analyzed for the study. There was a significant difference among the different treatments with respect to potassium fractions in 0-15 cm, and 16-30 cm layers. Moreover, K fractions were significantly decreased with increasing depth of soil. Results showed that the percentage contribution of different forms of K with regard to the total K in surface soil and subsurface soil followed as: Lattice K (68.75-78.11%) > Non – Exchangeable K (19.15-25.49%) > Exchangeable K (1.65-2.45%) >Water soluble K (0.18-0.62%). Application of N and P without K caused depletion of soil, water-soluble K, available K, exchangeable K, non-exchangeable K, and lattice K because of continuous omission of potassium content during the all crop growing stages or the simultaneous leaching nature of residual potassium under same field of the experiment. Therefore, the present investigation stresses the vital importance of the inclusion of organic manure and lime in the fertilizer schedule to maintain soil K dynamics over the long run under the maize-wheat cropping system.
Reflecting on Creating Community Within an Undergraduate Forensic Science Course
Authors:   Grand Canyon University, Beddow Melissa
Published: November 2023

This article provides an example of a university faculty member’s reflective practice on how a sense of community was developed within undergraduate college forensic science classrooms. Through reflective practice, I describe a heartwarming situation I experienced and compare it to the literature to help me better understand my contribution to developing a sense of community amongst my students. After identifying and evaluating possible explanations, I decide a positive learning environment is the main contributing factor and provide recommendations for future practice to help other faculty who are interested in creating a similar environment within their own courses.
Assetização dos fluxos de natureza: uma interpretação da conversão das correntezas, ventos e raios solares em ativos financeiros
Authors: Trentin Rech Lucas , Marroig Barreto Helena
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho caracteriza a assetização não de um ou outro rio, de uma ou outra porção de terra, mas a assetização do fluxo natural, da correnteza dos rios, do sopro dos ventos e da incidência solar. Para isso apresentam-se as interpretações sobre o fenômeno da assetização presentes na literatura para, a partir das categorias marxianas, reenquadrá-lo enquanto desdobramento ontológico do valor. Conclui-se que a existência do valor na forma de asset exige a homogeneização de diferentes coisas e objetos com diferentes qualidades, em algo abstrato, indiferenciável. Através da assetização, o capital expande seus domínios, projetando seu controle para o futuro de maneira desmedida. O processo de trabalho e o metabolismo entre a humanidade e natureza encontram-se sob a lógica do capital não apenas no presente, mas também no futuro.
inexorável unidade do valor: valores econômicos e não-econômicos na vida social
Authors: Andrade Mariana
Published: November 2023

O presente texto objetiva abordar as formas econômica e não-econômica do valor na sua relação com o dever. Trata-se de uma abordagem ontológica que toma como base as obras de maturidade do filósofo húngaro György Lukács. Metodologicamente, emprega-se nele a técnica da leitura imanente. Com isso, chega-se à demonstração de que, em Lukács, o dever e o valor operam dialeticamente, de modo que a existência de um pressupõe inveitavelmente a existência do outro. Ambos formam parte dos atos teleológicos que estão na base da ação humana nas diversas formas da práxis social. Mostra-se ainda que, para Lukács, o dever e o valor econômico trazem à existência, necessariamente, em cada etapa histórica, deveres e valores superiores – econômicos e não-econômicos – como resultado do metabolismo social que os seres humanos realizam com a natureza que leva ao crescimento progressivo das forças produtivas e ao complexo desenvolvimento da totalidade da sociedade.
LOS HILOS QUE ME ENREDAN: FEMINISMOS, EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y ARTESANÍA
Authors: Torres Lissette , Mendes Garcia Narjara
Published: November 2023

Presentamos en este artículo algunas de las principales apreciaciones resultantes de dos entrevistas realizadas a manera de piloto, con dos mujeres escogidas arbitrariamente –debido a la admiración que despiertan. El objetivo principal es entrelazar una serie de cuestionamientos en torno a temáticas relacionadas al tejido en mullo, feminismos y Educación Ambiental –dejando intencionalmente fuera conceptos acabados que los definan–, con la idea de que será posible encontrarlos entramados a lo largo de todo el texto. Finalmente, planteamos algunas invitaciones y provocaciones.
A VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO E A LEI MARIA DA PENHA A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA DECOLONIAL
Authors: Ferraz Gomes Naira Mariana , Motta Castro Amanda
Published: November 2023

O objetivo do artigo é discorrer sobre a violência de gênero não como um fato social apartado, mas dentro do contexto de constituição da sociedade brasileira. O estudo baseia-se na lei n°11.340/2006 – Lei Maria da Penha. Pretende-se, a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial, mostrar a interseccionalidade da violência doméstica com outros marcadores sociais, especialmente os de raça e classe. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, balizada em leituras de artigos e obras  relacionadas ao feminismo e violência de gênero., Por fim, pretende-se ressaltar que as políticas públicas de combate à violência doméstica devem estar engajadas na construção de uma sociedade com menos desigualdades sociais e emancipação coletiva das mulheres.
CAPITALISMO, PATRIARCADO E RACISMO
Authors: De Mesquita Andrea Pacheco , Cassiano Laura Juliana dos Santos
Published: November 2023

Este texto pretende se debruçar sobre a relação capitalismo, patriarcado e racismo e desta forma possa analisar a história sem os véus do colonialismo que embasa a ciência, a história e as violações de direitos expressas no cotidiano das mulheres no Brasil, em particular das mulheres negras. O resgate do processo de colonização nos oferece informações valiosas para entender o desenvolvimento de elementos históricos que acarretaram as raízes da questão social. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliogéfica e documental. O que nos levou a uma releitura crítica da nossa formação social e a compreender como o patriarcado, o racismo são funcionais ao capitalismo periférico brasileiro.
SUBVERSIVAS, ADJETIVO FEMININO: UM PERFIL DAS MULHERES MORTAS E DESAPARECIDAS PELA DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA (1964-1985)
Authors: Rodrigues do Nascimento Isabela , Gallo Carlos Artur
Published: November 2023

Entre 1964 e 1985, o Brasil viveu sob uma ditadura civil-militar alinhada aos preceitos da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional (DSN). Com base na DSN, massivas e sistemáticas violações aos direitos humanos foram realizadas pela ditadura contra a oposição. Este artigo tem como objetivo central traçar um perfil das mulheres que foram mortas e desaparecidas pela ditadura brasileira. Com base em pesquisa documental e mediante análise qualitativa foram organizados, compilados e analisados dados sobre 45 mulheres vítimas do aparato repressivo. O artigo encontra-se organizado em duas partes. Na primeira, discute-se a relação entre gênero e militância, contextualizando a questão com os fatos da ditadura brasileira. Na segunda, apresenta-se os dados compilados sobre as mulheres que foram mortas e desaparecidas pela repressão política, buscando-se evidenciar a existência de crimes associados ao gênero das vítimas.
Highlights From AHA 2023—New Risk Calculator, Semaglutide and CVD, and More
Authors: Abbasi Jennifer
Published: November 2023

This Medical News article discusses late-breaking science and other clinical highlights from the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions meeting.
Evaluation of DermSat-7 for Assessing Treatment Satisfaction in Patients with Acne
Authors: Shields Ali , Armstrong April W. , Kaur Manraj N. , Layton Alison , Thiboutot Diane , Tan Jerry , Barbieri John S.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Treatment satisfaction is important to achieving therapeutic success in patients with inflammatory dermatological diseases, such as acne.

Objective

To evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity of the DermSat-7, a questionnaire-based measure of treatment satisfaction, in patients with acne seen in routine clinical practice.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study included adults with acne who were fluent in English and treated at an outpatient clinic at Brigham and Women’s Hospital between July 2022 and May 2023. At each visit, patients completed a self-administered, patient-reported outcome questionnaire, including a patient global assessment (PGA) of their acne severity and the DermSat-7. The DermSat-7 consists of 7 items assessing 3 domains of treatment: effectiveness (3 items), convenience (3 items), and overall satisfaction (1 item). At subsequent visits, patients were asked an anchor item related to change in disease severity (“How has your acne changed compared to your last visit?”) that was scored on a 7-point scale (–3 = much worse to 3 = much better). Also at each visit, a dermatologist completed the Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale (CASS).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were structural validity (assessed by factor analysis), internal consistency (assessed by Cronbach α), and construct validity (assessed using linear regression models and Pearson correlation coefficients).

Results

The analysis included 142 patients with acne (mean [SD] age, 25.1 [5.1] years; 96 females [67.6%]) taking acne medication who completed the DermSat-7. Exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the 3 DermSat-7 domains. Cronbach α values of 0.89 and 0.80 supported good internal consistency in the effectiveness and convenience domains, respectively. Known-groups validity was supported by increasing DermSat-7 effectiveness and overall satisfaction scores with increasing levels of positive change in disease severity (linear regression coefficient, 7.51; 95% CI, 4.94-10.08; P < .001). Construct validity was further supported by moderate correlations with the anchor, PGA, and CASS scores (effectiveness domain: anchor r = 0.567, PGA r = –0.538, and CASS r = –0.485; overall satisfaction domain: anchor r = 0.467, PGA r = –0.486, and CASS r = –0.489).

Conclusion and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that the DermSat-7 may be an effective tool for measuring treatment satisfaction, particularly effectiveness and overall satisfaction domains, among patients with acne. Further research is needed to examine additional measurement properties of the DermSat-7, such as content validity and interpretability, as well as to validate the DermSat-7 in other populations of patients with acne.
Outcomes of the 340B Drug Pricing Program
Authors: Knox Ryan P. , Wang Junyi , Feldman William B. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Sarpatwari Ameet
Published: November 2023

Importance

The 340B Drug Pricing Program requires manufacturers to offer discounted drug prices to support safety net hospitals and clinics (covered entities) providing care to low-income populations. Amid expansion, the program has received criticism and calls for reform.

Objective

To assess the literature on the foundations of and outcomes associated with the 340B program.

Evidence Review

The databases searched in this scoping review included PubMed, Embase, EconLit, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Westlaw, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (HHS-OIG) website, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) website, and Google in February 2023 for peer-reviewed literature, legal publications, opinion pieces, and government agency and committee reports related to the 340B program.

Findings

Among a collected 900 documents, 289 met inclusion criteria: 83 articles from PubMed, 12 articles from Embase, 2 articles from EconLit, 1 article from NBER, 28 articles from Westlaw, 23 legislative history documents, 103 documents from Google, 11 GAO reports, and 26 HHS-OIG reports. Included literature pertained to 4 stakeholders in the 340B program: covered entities, pharmacies, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and patients. This literature showed that hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies generated revenue and manufacturers have forgone revenue from 340B discounted drugs. Audits of covered entities found low rates of compliance with 340B program requirements, whereas mixed evidence was uncovered on how covered entities used their 340B revenue, with some studies suggesting use to expand health care services for low-income populations and others to acquire physician practices and open sites in higher-income neighborhoods. These studies were hampered by a lack of transparency and reporting on the use of 340B revenue. Studies revealed patient benefits from access to expanded health care services, but there was mixed evidence on patient cost savings. Although the review identified considerable research on 340B hospitals, pharmacies, and patients, less research was found evaluating the 340B program’s effect on nonhospital covered entities, drug pricing, and racial and ethnic minority groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this scoping review of the 340B program, we found that the 340B program was associated with financial benefits for hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies; improved access to health care services for patients; and substantial costs to manufacturers. Increased transparency regarding the use of 340B program revenue and strengthened rulemaking and enforcement authority for the Health Resources and Services Administration would support compliance and help ensure the 340B program achieves its intended purposes.
Mortality and Hospitalization Risks in Patients With Cancer and the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant
Authors: Ofer Jonathan , Drozdinsky Genady , Basharim Bar , Turjeman Adi , Eliakim-Raz Noa , Stemmer Salomon M.
Published: November 2023

This cohort study compares the mortality and hospitalization risks among patients with vs without solid cancer and diagnosed with COVID-19 during the period when the Omicron variant was dominant.
Financial Implications of the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System for Surgical Health Care Professionals
Authors: Maganty Avinash , Shah Anup A. , Hill Dawson , Golla Vishnukamal
Published: November 2023

This study describes financial implications of the merit-based incentive payment system for surgical health care professionals.
How is preschoolers' memory performance related to parental elaboration during reminiscence?
Authors: Léonard Christina , Geurten Marie , Willems Sylvie
Published: November 2023

The influence of parental reminiscing style – how parents discuss past events with their child – on preschoolers' independent memory skills (outside of parent–child conversations) and the processes involved in this effect (memory consolidation vs. development of strategies) is far from clear. To test this, 50 parent–child dyads (MChildAge = 52.12) were recruited. Parents' level of elaboration during reminiscing was measured while children completed tasks assessing their memories about two standardized events, one they had discussed with their parent and one they had not discussed, and an episodic task requiring the memorization of new information. Children of high‐elaborative parents performed better than children of low‐elaborative parents on the recognition test for the non‐discussed event and for the episodic memory task. This suggests that parental elaboration is related to preschoolers' independent memory skills and that its effect might exceed memory consolidation and depend on processes like the acquisition of strategies.
NAATP survey shows professionalism in treatment workforce
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

The National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) last month released its annual salary survey, giving benchmarks for many aspects of the treatment workforce. The report is 71 pages long and available for purchase from NAATP. Of participating providers, 37% were for profit, and 63% were not‐for‐profit. Forty‐one percent of the programs were in the Western United States; the remainder were evenly distributed throughout other regions. Revenue was mostly in the $5 to $100 million range, with 17% reporting revenues of more than $100 million. Following are specific averages (ADAW has rounded and not included the full ranges and other details, which can be found in the report): 47 organizations reported CEO salaries with an average of 231,000; 23 organizations reported COO salaries with an average of $189,000; and 29 organizations reported CFO salaries with an average of $174,000. There are many, many more workforce listings, averages and ranges, all separated out by the organization's tax status. The report shows the high level of professionalism in the participating organizations. NAATP CEO Marvin Ventrell said: “At a time when our field is in transition relative to clinical modeling and business operations, including field consolidation, it is imperative that providers have reliable workforce data. Chief among our members' concerns and challenges is the changing face of workforce throughout health care. The NAATP Salary Survey has always been one of the most valued products and that it is even more in demand now. Historically we produce the survey biennially, but we published in both 2022 and 2023 due to demand. Going forward, we will go back to biennial production with a new benchmarking survey planned in alternating years.” A partial view of the NAATP 2023 Salary Survey is available at: https://www.naatp.org/resources/news/naatp‐releases‐14th‐edition‐national‐addiction‐treatment‐salary‐survey/sep‐26‐2023.
Liver‐Derived Ketogenesis via Overexpressing HMGCS2 Promotes the Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sun Xiaofei , Zhang Bin , Sun Kaiqiang , Li Fudong , Hu Dongping , Chen Juxiang , Kong Fanqi , Xie Yang
Published: November 2023

The liver is the major ketogenic organ of the body, and ketones are reported to possess favorable neuroprotective effects. This study aims to elucidate whether ketone bodies generated from the liver play a critical role in bridging the liver and spinal cord. Mice model with a contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) surgery is established, and SCI induces significant histological changes in mice liver. mRNA‐seq of liver tissue shows the temporal changes of ketone bodies‐related genes, β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1) and solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 6 (SLC16A6). Then, an activated ketogenesis model is created with adult C57BL/6 mice receiving the tail intravenous injection of GPAAV8‐TBG‐Mouse‐Hmgcs2‐CMV‐ mCherry ‐WPRE (HMGCS2liver) and mice receiving equal AAV8‐Null being the control group (Vectorliver). Then, the mice undergo either a contusive SCI or sham surgery. The results show that overexpression of HMG‐CoA synthase (Hmgcs2) in mice liver dramatically alleviates SCI‐mediated pathological changes and promotes ketogenesis in the liver. Amazingly, liver‐derived ketogenesis evidently alleviates neuron apoptosis and inflammatory microglia activation and improves the recovery of motor function of SCI mice. In conclusion, a liver‐spinal cord axis can be bridged via ketone bodies, and enhancing the production of the ketone body within the liver has neuroprotective effects on traumatic SCI.
Organic–Inorganic Copper Halide Compound with a Near‐Unity Emission: Large‐Scale Synthesis and Diverse Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Chen Kunlin , Chen Bingkun , Xie Lingling , Li Xitao , Chen Xiyao , Lv Ning , Zheng Kun , Liu Zhe , Pi Huihui , Lin Zhengguo , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: November 2023

Low‐dimensional organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have emerged as promising light emitters due to their broadband emission originating from self‐trapped excitons (STE), especially for Cu‐based OIMHs. Herein, Cu(I)‐based OIMH with a structure of (TPP)2Cu4I6·2DMSO (TPP stays for tetraphenylphosphonium, and DMSO – for dimethyl sulfoxide) has been synthesized, both in form of single crystals and as a microcrystalline powder. This compound exhibits a broadband green emission with a peak at 515 nm and a full width at half‐maximum of 78 nm, and a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 99.5%. Experimental data supported by theoretical calculations indicate that the STE emission is responsible for the green emission with a long lifetime of 2.53 µs. Down‐conversion light‐emitting device with a high luminous efficiency of 50 lm W−1 based on this compound have been fabricated, and white light has also been achieved with a high color rendering index of 96.7. Moreover, green emissive (TPP)2Cu4I6·2DMSO is utilized in scintillators for X‐ray detection and imaging, and as a luminescent ink for encryption applications.
Entropy Engineering on 2D Metal Phosphorus Trichalcogenides for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Wang Ran , Chen Mengxin , Han Jiecai , Zhang Xinghong , Zhang Zhihua , Yao Tai , Wang Yi , Xu Lingling , Wang Xianjie , Xu Ping , Song Bo
Published: November 2023

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an ultrasensitive detection technique for molecular identification in both biology and chemistry. 2D materials have displayed increasing potentials as SERS substrates based on chemical enhancement, where optimization of the band structure to promote the charge transfer is exceptionally important. Here, the regulation of band structure of 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPCh3) via entropy engineering is demonstrated. The optimized high‐entropy MnFeCuAgInPS3 nanosheets (NSs) with narrowed bandgap (Eg) show significant SERS performance with a low detection limit with 10−9 m for both rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Combined spectral characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the combination of multiple hetero‐element provides continuous d orbitals and endows high‐entropy MPCh3 NSs with high population of electrons at the energies near Fermi level (EF), which allows highly efficient photo‐induced charge transfer (PICT) between the SERS substrates and target molecules. This work affords a new strategy for high‐performance 2D SERS materials and also reveals the origin of the band structure regulation by entropy engineering.
Intramolecular Donor–Acceptor Design in Porous Organic Framework for Liquid Fuels Adsorption Desulfurization
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Li Yinhui , Fu Yu , Li Xiaoyu , Tao Chunhui , Zhang Wenxiang , Ma Heping
Published: November 2023

A porous organic framework containing well‐defined donor–acceptor units, named donor–acceptor porous organic framework (D–A‐POF), is successfully synthesized. The localized electric field gradient at the pore surface induced by the intramolecular donor–acceptor (D–A) interactions endows D–A‐POF with excellent desulfurization capabilities. D–A‐POF exhibits high adsorption capacity of 3‐methylthiophene (12.26 mmol g−1, 392.32 mg S g−1) and 1‐benzothiophene (793.65 mg g−1, 189.25 mg S g−1) with impressive adsorption selectivity. Density functional theory calculations provide compelling evidence of the preferential selective adsorption of aromatic thiophene sulfides in D–A‐POF. In fixed‐bed breakthrough experiments, D–A‐POF demonstrates its ability to selectively capture thiophene sulfides from model gasoline, resulting in fuel with sulfide content below 10 ppb. The high stability and high desulfurization efficiency of D–A‐POF make it promising as a new porous adsorbent for ultra‐depth adsorption desulfurization.
Cellular Architects at Work: Cells Building their Own Microgel Houses
Authors: Bulut Selin , Günther Daniel , Bund Michelle , Haats Christina , Bissing Thomas , Bastard Céline , Wessling Matthias , De Laporte Laura , Pich Andrij
Published: November 2023

Microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are investigated for their application as injectable 3D constructs in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue repair. While available MAP scaffolds provide a stable interlinked matrix of microgels for cell culture, the infiltration depth and space for cells to grow inside the scaffolds is pre‐determined by the void fraction during the assembly. In the case of MAP scaffolds fabricated from interlinked spherical microgels, a cellularity gradient can be observed with the highest cell density on the scaffold surface. Additionally, the interlinked microgel network limits the ability of cells to remodel their environment, which contradicts native tissue dynamics. In this work, a cell‐induced interlinking method for MAP scaffold formation is established, which avoids the necessity of chemical crosslinkers and pre‐engineered pores to achieve micro‐ or macropores in these 3D frameworks. This method enables cells to self‐organize with microgels into dynamic tissue constructs, which can be further controlled by altering the microgel properties, the cell/microgel ratio, and well shape. To form a cell‐induced interlinked scaffold, the cells are mixed with dextran‐based microgels and function as a glue between the microgels, resulting in a more homogenous cell distribution throughout the scaffold with efficient cell–cell interactions.
Synergistic Pharmacological Therapy to Modulate Glial Cells in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Veneruso Valeria , Petillo Emilia , Pizzetti Fabio , Orro Alessandro , Comolli Davide , De Paola Massimiliano , Verrillo Antonietta , Baggiolini Arianna , Votano Simona , Castiglione Franca , Sponchioni Mattia , Forloni Gianluigi , Rossi Filippo , Veglianese Pietro
Published: November 2023

Current treatments for modulating the glial‐mediated inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) have limited ability to improve recovery. This is quite likely due to the lack of a selective therapeutic approach acting on microgliosis and astrocytosis, the glia components most involved after trauma, while maximizing efficacy and minimizing side effects. A new nanogel that can selectively release active compounds in microglial cells and astrocytes is developed and characterized. The degree of selectivity and subcellular distribution of the nanogel is evaluated by applying an innovative super‐resolution microscopy technique, expansion microscopy. Two different administration schemes are then tested in a SCI mouse model: in an early phase, the nanogel loaded with Rolipram, an anti‐inflammatory drug, achieves significant improvement in the animal's motor performance due to the increased recruitment of microglia and macrophages that are able to localize the lesion. Treatment in the late phase, however, gives opposite results, with worse motor recovery because of the widespread degeneration. These findings demonstrate that the nanovector can be selective and functional in the treatment of the glial component in different phases of SCI. They also open a new therapeutic scenario for tackling glia‐mediated inflammation after neurodegenerative events in the central nervous system.
Thick Does the Trick: Genesis of Ferroelectricity in 2D GeTe‐Rich (GeTe)m(Sb2Te3)n Lamellae
Authors: Cecchi Stefano , Momand Jamo , Dragoni Daniele , Abou El Kheir Omar , Fagiani Federico , Kriegner Dominik , Rinaldi Christian , Arciprete Fabrizio , Holý Vaclav , Kooi Bart J. , Bernasconi Marco , Calarco Raffaella
Published: November 2023

The possibility to engineer (GeTe)m(Sb2Te3)n phase‐change materials to co‐host ferroelectricity is extremely attractive. The combination of these functionalities holds great technological impact, potentially enabling the design of novel multifunctional devices. Here an experimental and theoretical study of epitaxial (GeTe)m(Sb2Te3)n with GeTe‐rich composition is presented. These layered films feature a tunable distribution of (GeTe)m(Sb2Te3)1 blocks of different sizes. Breakthrough evidence of ferroelectric displacement in thick (GeTe)m(Sb2Te3)1 lamellae is provided. The density functional theory calculations suggest the formation of a tilted (GeTe)m slab sandwiched in GeTe‐rich blocks. That is, the net ferroelectric polarization is confined almost in‐plane, representing an unprecedented case between 2D and bulk ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric behavior is confirmed by piezoresponse force microscopy and electroresistive measurements. The resilience of the quasi van der Waals character of the films, regardless of their composition, is also demonstrated. Hence, the material developed hereby gathers in a unique 2D platform the phase‐change and ferroelectric switching properties, paving the way for the conception of innovative device architectures.
Stratification of the risk of ovarian dysfunction by studying the complexity of intermediate and premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene
Authors: Quilichini Juliette , Perol Sandrine , Cuisset Laurence , Grotto Sarah , Fouveaut Corinne , Barbot Jean Claude , Verebi Camille , Jordan Pénélope , Héron Delphine , Molina‐Gomes Denise , Pipiras Eva , Grynberg Michael , Catteau‐Jonard Sophie , Touraine Philippe , Christin‐Maître Sophie , Plu‐Bureau Geneviève , El Khattabi Laila , Bienvenu Thierry
Published: November 2023

FMR1 premutation female carriers are at risk of developing premature/primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with an incomplete penetrance. In this study, we determined the CGG repeat size among 1095 women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) / POI and characterized the CGG/AGG substructure in 44 women carrying an abnormal FMR1 repeat expansion number, compared to a group of 25 pregnant women carrying an abnormal FMR1 CGG repeat size. Allelic complexity scores of the FMR1 gene were calculated and compared between the two groups. In the DOR/POI cohort, 2.1% of women presented with an intermediate repeat size and 1.9% with a premutation. Our results suggest that the risk of POI is highest in the mid‐range of CGG repeats. We observed that the allelic score is significantly higher in POI women compared to the pregnant women group (p‐value = 0.02). We suggest that a high allelic score due to more than 2 AGG interspersions in the context of an intermediate number of repetitions could favor POI. Larger studies are still needed to evaluate the relevance of this new tool for the determination of the individual risk of developing POI in women with abnormal number of CGG repeats.
Exchangeable Self‐Assembled Lanthanide Antennas for PLIM Microscopy
Authors: Ruiz‐Arias Alvaro , Fueyo‐González Francisco , Izquierdo‐García Carolina , Navarro Amparo , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Marta , Herranz Rosario , Burgio Chiara , Reinoso Antonio , Cuerva Juan M. , Orte Angel , González‐Vera Juan A.
Published: November 2023

Lanthanides have unique photoluminescence (PL) emission properties, including very long PL lifetimes. This makes them ideal for biological imaging applications, especially using PL lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM). PLIM is an inherently multidimensional technique with exceptional advantages for quantitative biological imaging. Unfortunately, due to the required prolonged acquisitions times, photobleaching of lanthanide PL emission currently constitutes one of the main drawbacks of PLIM. In this study, we report a small aqueous‐soluble, lanthanide antenna, 8‐methoxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydrocyclopenta[de]quinoline‐3‐phosphonic acid, PAnt, specifically designed to dynamically interact with lanthanide ions, serving as exchangeable dye aimed at mitigating photobleaching in PLIM microscopy in cellulo. Thus, self‐assembled lanthanide complexes that may be photobleached during image acquisition are continuously replenished by intact lanthanide antennas from a large reservoir. Remarkably, our self‐assembled lanthanide complex clearly demonstrated a significant reduction of PL photobleaching when compared to well‐established lanthanide cryptates, used for bioimaging. This concept of exchangeable lanthanide antennas opens new possibilities for quantitative PLIM bioimaging.
RAFT Polymerisation by the Radical Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids**
Authors: Ayurini Meri , Haridas Darsan , Mendoza David Joram , Garnier Gil , Hooper Joel F.
Published: November 2023

The controlled grafting of polymers from small‐ and macro‐molecular substrates is an essential process for many advanced polymer applications. This usually requires the pre‐functionalisation of substrates with an appropriate functional group, such as a RAFT agent or ATRP initiator, which requires additional synthetic steps. In this paper, we describe the direct grafting of RAFT polymers from carboxylate containing small molecules and polymers via photochemical radical decarboxylation. This method utilises the innate functional groups present in the substrates, and achieves efficient polymer initiation in a single step with excellent control of molecular weight and dispersity.
Social motivation by self‐ and caregiver‐report: Reporter concordance and social correlates among autistic and neurotypical youth
Authors: Neuhaus Emily , Bernier Raphael A. , Webb Sara Jane
Published: November 2023

Differences in social motivation underlie the core social‐communication features of autism according to several theoretical models, with decreased social motivation among autistic youth relative to neurotypical peers. However, research on social motivation often relies on caregiver reports and rarely includes firsthand perspectives of children and adolescents with autism. Furthermore, social motivation is typically assumed to be constant across social settings when it may actually vary by social context. Among a sample of 58 verbally fluent youth (8–13 years old; 22 with autism, 36 neurotypical), we examined correspondence between youth and caregiver reports of social motivation with peers and with adults, as well as diagnostic group differences and associations with social outcomes. Results suggest youth and caregivers provide overlapping but distinct information. Autistic youth had lower levels of social motivation relative to neurotypical youth, and reported relatively consistent motivation toward peers and adults. Youth self‐ and caregiver‐report were correlated for motivation toward adults, but not toward peers. Despite low correspondence between self‐ and caregiver‐reported motivation toward peers, autistic youths' self‐report corresponded to caregiver‐reported social skills and difficulties whereas caregiver‐report of peer motivation did not. For neurotypical youth, self‐ and caregiver‐reported motivation toward adults was correlated, but motivation by both reporters was largely independent of broader social outcomes. Findings highlight the unique value of self‐report among autistic children and adolescents, and warrant additional work exploring the development, structure, and correlates of social motivation among autistic and neurotypical youth.
Pro‐catalytic Role of Transition Metal/Metal Oxide Blend Low Pd Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation: Diminution of Activation Energy and Promoting Electrode Kinetics at Low Temperature
Authors: Mondal Achintya , Adhikary Rajib , Hazra Mukul , De Abhishek , Datta Jayati
Published: November 2023

In this investigation the effect of temperature on catalytic oxidation of ethanol on multi‐metallic PdCoNi/C nano‐composite bearing reduced palladium loading, have been studied over the temperature range 20 °C to 80 °C. The structure, composition and surface morphology of the catalyst regime were determined through the respective techniques like XRD, EDX and TEM while electro‐catalytic parameters were evaluated by the help of voltammetry, chronoamperometry, impedance spectroscopy and ion‐chromatography. The apparent activation energies (Ea) of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) were drastically reduced over PdCoNi/C compared to Pd/C reflecting the energy efficiency of ternary matrix furnished with only 35 % Pd loading and the rest 65 % being cheaper transition metals. The long term poisoning rates warrant improved stability of PdCoNi/C and also figure out the robustness of the catalyst even at 20 °C. The Ea value is remarkably reduced, rendering appreciable mass activity in terms of current density per mg of Pd at each of the temperatures studied. The incorporation of transition metals Co and Ni onto Pd becomes particularly effective in orienting the EOR proceed through carbonate pathway as reflected by the columbic efficiency in terms of oxidation product yield ~5 times higher, compared to single Pd catalyst throughout the temperature range.