bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALK2 inhibitors display beneficial effects in preclinical models of ACVR1 mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Carvalho Diana , Taylor Kathryn R. , Olaciregui Nagore Gene , Molinari Valeria , Clarke Matthew , Mackay Alan , Ruddle Ruth , Henley Alan , Valenti Melanie , Hayes Angela , Brandon Alexis De Haven , Eccles Suzanne A. , Raynaud Florence , Boudhar Aicha , Monje Michelle , Popov Sergey , Moore Andrew S. , Mora Jaume , Cruz Ofelia , Vinci Mara , Brennan Paul E. , Bullock Alex N. , Carcaboso Angel Montero , Jones Chris
Published: May 2019

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a lethal childhood brainstem tumour, with a quarter of patients harbouring somatic mutations in ACVR1, encoding the serine/threonine kinase ALK2. Despite being an amenable drug target, little has been done to-date to systematically evaluate the role of ACVR1 in DIPG, nor to screen currently available inhibitors in patient-derived tumour models. Here we show the dependence of DIPG cells on the mutant receptor, and the preclinical efficacy of two distinct chemotypes of ALK2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine LDN-193189 and the pyridine LDN-214117 to be orally bioavailable and well-tolerated, with good brain penetration. Treatment of immunodeprived mice bearing orthotopic xenografts of H3.3K27M, ACVR1R206H mutant HSJD-DIPG-007 cells with 25 mg/kg LDN-193189 or LDN-214117 for 28 days extended survival compared with vehicle controls. Development of ALK2 inhibitors with improved potency, selectivity and advantageous pharmacokinetic properties may play an important role in therapy for DIPG patients.
Lactobacillus maintains healthy gut mucosa by producing L-Ornithine
Authors: Qi Houbao , Li Yuanyuan , Yun Huan , Zhang Tong , Huang Yugang , Zhou Jiang , Yan Hui , Wei Jianmei , Liu Yingquan , Zhang Zhiqian , Gao Yunhuan , Che Yongzhe , Su Xiaomin , Zhu Dashuai , Zhang Yuan , Zhong Jin , Yang Rongcun
Published: May 2019

Gut mucosal layers are crucial in maintaining the gut barrier function. Gut microbiota regulate homeostasis of gut mucosal layer via gut immune cells such as RORγt (+) IL-22(+) ILC3 cells, which can influence the proliferation of mucosal cells and the production of mucin. However, it is unclear how gut microbiota execute this regulation. Here we show that lactobacilli promote gut mucosal formation by producing L-Ornithine from arginine. L-Ornithine increases the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand L-kynurenine produced from tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells, which in turn increases RORγt (+)IL-22(+) ILC3 cells. Human REG3A transgenic mice show an increased proportion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli in the gut contents, suggesting that gut epithelial REG3A favors the expansion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli. Our study implicates the importance of a crosstalk between arginine metabolism in Lactobacilli and tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells in maintaining gut barrier.
Topological soliton-polaritons in 1D systems of light and fermionic matter
Authors: Fraser Kieran A. , Piazza Francesco
Published: May 2019

Quantum nonlinear optics is a quickly growing field with large technological promise, at the same time involving complex and novel many-body phenomena. In the usual scenario, optical nonlinearities originate from the interactions between polaritons, which are hybrid quasi-particles mixing matter and light degrees of freedom. Here we introduce a type of polariton which is intrinsically nonlinear and emerges as the natural quasi-particle in presence quantum degenerate fermionic matter. It is a composite object made of a fermion trapped inside an optical soliton forming a topological defect in a spontaneously formed crystalline structure. Each of these soliton-polaritons carries a Z2 topological quantum number, as they create a domain wall between two crystalline regions with opposite dimerization so that the fermion is trapped in an interphase state. These composite objects are formally equivalent to those appearing in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model for electrons coupled to lattice phonons.
The effects of nattokinase supplementation on collagen–epinephrine closure time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in nondiabetic and hypercholesterolemic subjects
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Kim Minkyung , Kim Minjoo , Lee Ayoung , Jin Chunmei , Lee Sung Pyo , Kim Tae Su , Lee Sang-Hyun , Lee Jong Ho
Published: May 2019

For 8 weeks, individuals who consumed nattokinase, considered one of the most active functional ingredients found in natto, showed improved hemostatic factors.
Sulfur impregnation in polypyrrole-modified MnO2 nanotubes: efficient polysulfide adsorption for improved lithium–sulfur battery performance
Authors: Du Pengcheng , Wei Wenli , Dong Yuman , Liu Dong , Wang Qi , Peng Yi , Chen Shaowei , Liu Peng
Published: May 2019

PPy-coated MnO2 nanotubes were fabricated as a highly efficient sulfur host. Hollow interior of the MnO2 nanotubes and the polypyrrole outer layer can effectively improve the specific capacity and maintain an extremely stable cycling performance.
Widely applicable background depletion step enables transaminase evolution through solid-phase screening
Authors: Planchestainer Matteo , Hegarty Eimear , Heckmann Christian M. , Gourlay Louise J. , Paradisi Francesca
Published: May 2019

Directed evolution of transaminases is a widespread technique in the development of highly sought-after biocatalysts for industrial applications.
Direct readout protonophore induced selective uncoupling and dysfunction of individual mitochondria within cancer cells
Authors: Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Binoy Anupama , Koo Seyoung , Nedungadi Divya , Podder Arup , Sharma Amit , Mishra Nandita , Kim Jong Seung , Bhuniya Sankarprasad
Published: May 2019

Endogenous H2S-stimulated protonophores released from MitoDP are a vanguard in creating mitochondria-targeted therapies for reducing mitochondrial activity in cancer cells.
A perovskite La2Ti2O7nanosheet as an efficient electrocatalyst for artificial N2fixation to NH3in acidic media
Authors: Yu Jiali , Li Chengbo , Li Bingyue , Zhu Xiaojuan , Zhang Rong , Ji Lei , Tang Dianping , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping , Li Quan , Liu Shanhu , Luo Yonglan
Published: May 2019

A perovskite La2Ti2O7nanosheet acts as an efficient electrocatalyst toward N2-to-NH3fixation, achieving a NH3yield rate of 25.15 μg h−1mgcat.−1and a faradaic efficiency of 4.55%.
Tuning crystallization and stability of the metastable polymorph of dl-methionine by a structurally similar additive
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Shi Peng , Yang Yang , Sun Panpan , Wang Yan , Xu Shijie , Gong Junbo
Published: May 2019

Polymorph formation, transformation and crystal morphology were simultaneously tuned through a tailor-made additive via theoretical simulations combined with experimental methods.
Origin of the considerably high thermal stability of cyclo-N5− containing salts at ambient conditions
Authors: Jiao Fangbao , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: May 2019

Ionization, conjugation, hydrogen bonding, coordination bonding and π–π stacking consolidate the cyclo-N5− caged in salt crystals.
In situ cryocrystallization and solid-state structures of furfural and some derivatives
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. , Goddard Richard , Nöthling Nils , Lehmann Christian W.
Published: May 2019

The crystal and molecular structures of the bio-based platform chemical furfural (1) and its derivatives furfurylamine (2), 2-furonitrile (3) and 2-methylfuran (4), which are all liquid at ambient temperature, have been determined by in situ cryocrystallography.
Effect of pressure on slit channels in guanine sodium salt hydrate: a link to nucleobase intermolecular interactions
Authors: Gaydamaka Anna A. , Arkhipov Sergey G. , Zakharov Boris A. , Seryotkin Yurii V. , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: May 2019

The crystal structure of a hydrate of the sodium salt of guanine (2Na+·C5H3N5O2−·7H2O) was studied at high pressure by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
Hydrogen bonding in alkali metal cation-bound i-motif-like dimers of 1-methyl cytosine: an IRMPD spectroscopic and computational study
Authors: Cheng Ruodi , Loire Estelle , Fridgen Travis D.
Published: May 2019

The structures of alkali metal cation bound 1-methylcytosine (1-mCyt) dimers were explored using vibrational spectroscopy in the gas phase and by computational methods. A transition from structures absent of hydrogen bonding for the light alkali metal cations to those with predominant hydrogen bonding for the larger cations was observed.
Cooperativity and coverage dependent molecular desorption in self-assembled monolayers: computational case study with coronene on Au(111) and HOPG
Authors: Chilukuri Bhaskar , Mazur Ursula , Hipps K. W.
Published: May 2019

Molecular desorption energy in non-covalent SAMs is conventionally determined to be a solitary value. To the contrary, we show that the desorption energies are variable, coverage dependent and cooperative using coronene adsorbate and HOPG, Au(111) substrates.
Boron-based stimuli responsive materials
Authors: Mellerup Soren K. , Wang Suning
Published: May 2019

Representative types of boron-based molecular systems that respond to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, or chemicals (oxygen, acid, base etc.) are described in this review article. The boron molecules are classified according to their operating mechanisms, with emphasis on systems, which are based on switchable boron-donor bonds and switchable excited states.
A new, simple, and efficient strategy for the preparation of active antifungal biodegradable materials via ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide with zinc aryloxides
Authors: Petrus Rafał , Sobota Piotr
Published: May 2019

Zinc aryloxides supported by phenylphenolato ligands were used for the development of active antifungal biodegradable materials via ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide.
The effect of locking π-conjugation in organoboron moieties in the structures of luminescent tetracoordinate boron complexes
Authors: Urban Mateusz , Durka Krzysztof , Górka Patrycja , Wiosna-Sałyga Gabriela , Nawara Krzysztof , Jankowski Piotr , Luliński Sergiusz
Published: May 2019

The influence of organoboron moiety rigidification on luminescent and material properties in a series of complexes with O,N-ligands was investigated.
Membrane distillation crystallization for brine mining and zero liquid discharge: opportunities, challenges, and recent progress
Authors: Choi Youngkwon , Naidu Gayathri , Nghiem Long D. , Lee Sangho , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu
Published: May 2019

This review outlines all the work done on the membrane distillation crystallization process.
Branched chain amino acids stimulate gut satiety hormone cholecystokinin secretion through activation of the umami taste receptor T1R1/T1R3 using an in vitro porcine jejunum model
Authors: Tian Min , Heng Jinghui , Song Hanqing , Zhang Yufeng , Chen Fang , Guan Wutai , Zhang Shihai
Published: May 2019

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) modulate the intestinal CCK secretion through the T1R1/ T1R3 amino acid receptor.
Water determines the products: an unexpected Brønsted acid-catalyzed PO–R cleavage of P(iii) esters selectively producing P(O)–H and P(O)–R compounds
Authors: Li Chunya , Wang Qi , Zhang Jian-Qiu , Ye Jingjing , Xie Ju , Xu Qing , Han Li-Biao
Published: May 2019

Water is unexpectedly found to determine a TfOH-catalyzed C–O cleavage reaction of trialkyl phosphites to produce H-phosphonates or alkylphosphonates selectively.
SIMS imaging in neurobiology and cell biology
Authors: Agüi-Gonzalez Paola , Jähne Sebastian , Phan Nhu T. N.
Published: May 2019

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been increasingly recognized as a powerful technique for visualizing molecular architectures in the fields of neurobiology and cell biology.
Design rules for dynamic-template-directed crystallization of conjugated polymers
Authors: Mohammadi Erfan , Qu Ge , Kafle Prapti , Jung Seok-Heon , Lee Jin-Kyun , Diao Ying
Published: May 2019

The substrate-conjugated polymer interaction strength serves as a unifying metric to gauge the effectiveness of dynamic templates in directing crystallization.
Progress in air-processed perovskite solar cells: from crystallization to photovoltaic performance
Authors: Cheng Yuanhang , So Franky , Tsang Sai-Wing
Published: May 2019

This review focuses on oxygen and moisture effects on perovskite crystallization, state-of-the-art engineering for highly efficient air-processed perovskite solar cells.
Hydrophobic polymerized ionic liquids for trace metal solid phase extraction: thallium transfer from hydrochloric acid media
Authors: Tereshatov Evgeny E. , Boltoeva Maria , Mazan Valérie , Baley Colton , Folden Charles M.
Published: May 2019

To our knowledge, there are a few articles on the application of polymerized ionic liquids for metal extraction from aqueous solutions.
Correction: Secondary compounds in the catalytic hydrogenation of enone and allylic alcohol prostaglandin intermediates: isolation, characterization, and X-ray crystallography
Authors: Tănase Constantin I. , Cocu Florea , Drăghici Constantin , Hanganu Anamaria , Pintilie Lucia , Maganu Maria , Munteanu Cristian V. A. , Shova Sergiu
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Secondary compounds in the catalytic hydrogenation of enone and allylic alcohol prostaglandin intermediates: isolation, characterization, and X-ray crystallography’ by Constantin I. Tănase et al., New J. Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01186b.
A highly flexible and multifunctional strain sensor based on a network-structured MXene/polyurethane mat with ultra-high sensitivity and a broad sensing range
Authors: Yang Kai , Yin Fuxing , Xia Dan , Peng Huifen , Yang Jinzheng , Yuan Wenjing
Published: May 2019

A highly flexible and stretchable network-structured MXene/polyurethane mat demonstrated ultra-high sensitivity and an ultra-wide sensing range for strain sensing.
Self-supported Co-doped FeNi carbonate hydroxide nanosheet array as a highly efficient electrocatalyst towards the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution
Authors: Qi Yu-Feng , Wang Qian , Wang Xiu-Guang , Liu Zheng-Yu , Zhao Xiao-Jun , Yang En-Cui
Published: May 2019

A Co-doped FeNi carbonate hydroxide nanosheet array supported on nickel foam served as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst with a high activity and excellent stability.
Heterostructure engineering of Co-doped MoS2 coupled with Mo2CTx MXene for enhanced hydrogen evolution in alkaline media
Authors: Liang Junmei , Ding Chaoying , Liu Jiapeng , Chen Tao , Peng WenChao , Li Yang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: May 2019

An efficient strategy is proposed by engineering Co-doped MoS2 coupled with Mo2CTx MXene to enhance the HER performance in alkaline media.
High strength nanostructured films based on well-preserved β-chitin nanofibrils
Authors: Wu Qiong , Jungstedt Erik , Šoltésová Mária , Mushi Ngesa E. , Berglund Lars A.
Published: May 2019

Chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs) are interesting high-value constituents for nanomaterials due to the enormous amount of waste from the seafood industry.
Biological fate of ingested lipid-based nanoparticles: current understanding and future directions
Authors: Wang Taoran , Luo Yangchao
Published: May 2019

This review summarizes current knowledge on digestion and absorption of ingested lipid-based nanoparticles at molecular, cellular and whole body levels.
Engineering Cu2O/Cu@CoO hierarchical nanospheres: synergetic effect of fast charge transfer cores and active shells for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhong Xia , Zhang Yuan , Geng Zhibin , Shi Fangbing , Jiang Mengpei , Sun Yu , Wu Xiaofeng , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: May 2019

An OER catalyst that has a high conductivity Cu2O/Cu core and a strong bonding interface with the active CoO shell was constructed.
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline, polypyrrole and zero-valent iron-based materials for the adsorptive and oxidative removal of bisphenol-A from aqueous solution
Authors: Hlekelele Lerato , Nomadolo Nomvuyo E. , Setshedi Katlego Z. , Mofokeng Lethula E. , Chetty Avashnee , Chauke Vongani P.
Published: May 2019

PPY, PANI and Fe0 based composites for the adsorption and oxidative removal of BPA in different water matrices.
Effect of oxygen deficiency on the excited state kinetics of WO3 and implications for photocatalysis
Authors: Sachs Michael , Park Ji-Sang , Pastor Ernest , Kafizas Andreas , Wilson Anna A. , Francàs Laia , Gul Sheraz , Ling Min , Blackman Chris , Yano Junko , Walsh Aron , Durrant James R.
Published: May 2019

Using WO3 as a model material, we investigate how different oxygen vacancy concentrations affect trapping of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic reactions in metal oxides.
Quo vadis niobium? Divergent coordination behavior of early-transition metals towards MOF-5
Authors: Korzyński Maciej D. , Braglia Luca , Borfecchia Elisa , Lomachenko Kirill A. , Baldansuren Amgalanbaatar , Hendon Christopher H. , Lamberti Carlo , Dincă Mircea
Published: May 2019

Despite its prevalence, cation exchange is not the only immobilization pathway for foreign cations in the epochal MOF-5 metal–organic framework.
Energy storage: pseudocapacitance in prospect
Authors: Costentin Cyrille , Savéant Jean-Michel
Published: May 2019

This question and its implications are discussed in detail.
β-Strand inspired bifacial π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Chaudhuri Saikat , Mohanan Manikandan , Willems Andreas V. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Gavvalapalli Nagarjuna
Published: May 2019

β-Strand inspired bifacial π-conjugated polymers that are soluble despite the absence of pendant solubilizing chains are reported. Precise tunability of the bifacial monomer height enables control of polymer solubility and intermolecular interactions.
Luminescence modulation of carbon dots assemblies
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhang Zhi-ying , Nie Shi-dong , Liu Chun-yan
Published: May 2019

Cdots assemblies with PL maxima at 460, 560 and 660 nm produced by the crosslinking reactions between the amine groups of TETA-Cdots and aldehyde groups of GA.
A non-catalytic function of carbonic anhydrase IX contributes to the glycolytic phenotype and pH regulation in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Mboge Mam Y. , Chen Zhijuan , Khokhar Daniel , Wolff Alyssa , Ai Lingbao , Heldermon Coy D. , Bozdag Murat , Carta Fabrizio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Brown Kevin D. , McKenna Robert , Frost Christopher J. , Frost Susan C.
Published: May 2019

The most aggressive and invasive tumor cells often reside in hypoxic microenvironments and rely heavily on rapid anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. This switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, along with up-regulation of the glucose transport system, significantly increases the release of lactic acid from cells into the tumor microenvironment. Excess lactate and proton excretion exacerbate extracellular acidification to which cancer cells, but not normal cells, adapt. We have hypothesized that carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a role in stabilizing both intracellular and extracellular pH to favor cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we show that proton efflux (acidification) using the glycolytic rate assay is dependent on both extracellular pH (pHe) and CA IX expression. Yet, isoform-selective sulfonamide-based inhibitors of CA IX did not alter proton flux, which suggests that the catalytic activity of CA IX is not necessary for this regulation. Other investigators have suggested the CA IX co-operates with the MCT transport family to excrete protons. To test this possibility, we examined the expression patterns of selected ion transporters and show that members of this family are differentially expressed within the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The most aggressive form of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, appears to co-ordinately express the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). This supports a possible mechanism that utilizes the intramolecular H+ shuttle system in CA IX to facilitate proton efflux through MCT4.
Ganoderic acid A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Wan Bing , Li Yan , Sun Shuangshuang , Yang Yang , LV Yanling , Wang Li , Song Meijuan , Chen Meizi , Wu Chengjiang , Pan Hangcheng , Zhang Xiuwei
Published: May 2019

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ganoderic acid A (GAA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. In mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, we found that GAA led to significantly lower lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung myeloperoxidase activity, and attenuated pathological damages. In addition, GAA increased superoxide dismutase activity, but decreased malondialdehyde content and proinflammatory cytokines levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, GAA reduced the activation of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. In conclusion, our study suggests that GAA attenuates acute lung injury in mouse model via the inhibition of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway.
Down-regulation of CCNE1 expression suppresses cell proliferation and sensitizes gastric carcinoma cells to Cisplatin
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhu Qiang , Gu Jianzhong , Chen Shan , Li Qian , Ying Liping
Published: May 2019

A novel oncogene CCNE1 (cyclin E) is considered to be associated with the development of various tumor types, its role in gastric carcinoma (GC) is little studied and the effect of CCNE1 on chemotherapy also remains unclear. We recruited 55 cases of GC tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of CCNE1. We also examined the expression of CCNE1 in gastric mucosal GES-1 cells and five GC cell lines. Silencing CCNE1 was used to assess its effect on proliferation and cell cycle in MGC-803 and NCI-N87 cells, as performed by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assay. Meanwhile, cell cycle related genes were also detected through qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed CCNE1 up-regulation mainly expressed in GC tissues and GC cell lines, also was associated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymphatic invasion. Three-year survival curve analysis showed CCNE1 with high expression had a poor prognosis. Silencing CCNE1 significantly reduced cell viability in 48 h, cultured and arrested cell cycle in G1 phase, moreover, Cyclin A, D1 and C-myc all revealed down-regulation in both MGC-803 and NCI-N87 cells. CCNE1 expression was significantly increased at low and moderate concentrations of Cisplatin. Down-regulation of CCNE1 expression would remarkably promote cell apoptosis induced by Cisplatin, and regulate the rate of Bax/Bcl-2. Down-regulation of CCNE1 expression could inhibit cell proliferation and enhance GC cells sensibility to Cisplatin, possibly involving the regulation of Bcl-2 family.
Biomechanical analysis of the placement of fixation lag screw in different intertrochanteric hip fracture angles
Authors: Choh Alex C.T. , Chong Desmond Y.R.
Published: May 2019

The common surgical method for fracture fixation in the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region is the implantation a dynamic lag screw into the femoral head. However, failure rates of this fixation are high due to a cut‐out of the lag screw from the femoral head. It is unclear if the lag screw positions will affect the stabilisation of the intertrochanteric fracture with different fracture angles. This study aimed to examine the influence of lag screw placement in the fixation of hip fractures with different fracture angles in healthy and osteoporotic femurs using three‐dimensional finite element analysis. Two screw positions at the centre and inferior–posterior (IP) of the femoral head with three fracture angles (30°, 45°, 60°) were studied. The results showed that varying fracture angles and the onset of disease (osteoporosis) have influenced the optimal placement of the lag screw. The lag screw in the IP position in the healthy femur with 30° and 45° fracture angles and osteoporotic femur with 30° fracture angle induced lower periprosthetic bone strains. For a healthy femur with 60° fracture angle and osteoporotic bone with 45° and 60° fracture angles, a centralised placement of the lag screw in the femoral neck was preferred.
Low‐cost Brillouin optical correlation‐domain reflectometry involving merely one fibre amplifier
Authors: Mizuno Y. , Han G. , Noda K. , Lee H. , Nakamura K.
Published: May 2019

Brillouin optical correlation‐domain reflectometry (BOCDR) is one of the fibre‐optic distributed strain and temperature sensing systems. Conventionally, BOCDR has been implemented using three erbium‐doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the measurement. However, the use of multiple EDFAs has restricted the size and cost efficiency of the system. In this work, the authors show that, among the three EDFAs previously employed, the one in the Stokes path plays the most important role in enhancing the SNR. Subsequently, they implement BOCDR using only one EDFA and demonstrate distributed strain sensing. The measurement error is also investigated as a function of the output power of a light source.
Landmark‐free clothes recognition with a two‐branch feature selective network
Authors: Lee S. , Eun H. , Oh S. , Kim W. , Jung C. , Kim C.
Published: May 2019

In this Letter, the authors present a ‘landmark‐free’ clothes recognition approach. Recent studies have shown that the use of landmark information has achieved great success in the task of clothes recognition. However, the landmark annotation is very labour intensive and time consuming. It also suffers from inter‐ and intra‐individual variability. To overcome these problems, the authors propose a two‐branch feature selective network for category classification and attribute prediction. Note that, in this Letter, they prove that the proposed network has an excellent ability to effectively learn a discriminative feature representation of a ‘clothing image’. Experimental results on the benchmark data set show that the proposed network yields comparable performance to the state‐of‐the‐art methods, which strongly depend on the fashion landmark.
Dual‐band three‐dimensional FSS with high selectivity and small band ratio
Authors: Yu Zhengyong , Yang Xia , Zhu Jianping , Wang Cheng , Shi Yongrong , Tang Wanchun
Published: May 2019

In this Letter, a three‐dimensional (3D) frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed, exhibiting a dual‐bandpass response with high selectivity and small band ratio. The unit cell of the presented 3D FSS consists of a pair of gridded double square loops (GDSLs) and a waveguide structure. Multiple transmission zeros and transmission poles are obtained from the electromagnetic coupling between the GDSLs. The electromagnetic coupling is enhanced by the waveguide structure, resulting in a dual‐passband behaviour with high selectivity. Double square loops are designed to locate close to obtain a small band ratio. The measured results of the implemented FSS agree well with the simulated ones, which show that the proposed design can achieve the desired response to variations of incident angle from 0° to 60° for both TE and TM polarisations.
Non‐invasive platform to estimate fasting blood glucose levels from salivary electrochemical parameters
Authors: Malik Sarul , Parikh Harsh , Shah Neil , Anand Sneh , Gupta Shalini
Published: May 2019

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 400 million people worldwide. Most existing approaches for measuring fasting blood glucose levels (FBGLs) are invasive. This work presents a proof‐of‐concept study in which saliva is used as a proxy biofluid to estimate FBGL. Saliva collected from 175 volunteers was analysed using portable, handheld sensors to measure its electrochemical properties such as conductivity, redox potential, pH and K+, Na+ and Ca2+ ionic concentrations. These data, along with the person's gender and age, were trained and tested after casewise annotation with their true FBGL values using a set of mathematical algorithms. An accuracy of 87.4 ± 1.7% and a mean relative deviation of 14.1% (R2 = 0.76) was achieved using a mathematical algorithm. All parameters except the gender were found to play a key role in the FBGL determination process. Finally, the individual electrochemical sensors were integrated into a single platform and interfaced with the authors’ algorithm through a simple graphical user interface. The system was revalidated on 60 new saliva samples and gave an accuracy of 81.67 ± 2.53% (R2 = 0.71). This study paves the way for rapid, efficient and painless FBGL estimation from saliva.
GRA‐based handover for dense small cells heterogeneous networks
Authors: Alhabo Mohanad , Zhang Li , Nawaz Naveed
Published: May 2019

Ultra‐dense small cell (SC) deployment in the future 5G network makes the architecture of the network as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This is a good solution to boost the capacity of the network and extend its coverage. However, the dense SCs deployment has brought new challenges to the network including interference, frequent unnecessary handovers, and handover failures. Therefore, user equipment will suffer from a degraded quality of service. In this paper, the authors propose a grey rational analysis‐based handover (GRA‐HO) method in dense SCs HetNet. The proposed method combines the analytical hierarchy process technique to obtain the weight of the handover metrics and the GRA method to rank the available cells for the best handover target. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with the traditional multiple attribute decision‐making methods including simple additive weighting and VIKOR methods. Results show that the GRA‐HO method has outperformed the existing methods in terms of reducing the number of frequent handovers and link failures, in addition to enhancing energy efficiency.
ALMA reveals the magnetic field evolution in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19
Authors: Dall’Olio D. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Persson M. V. , Alves F. O. , Beuther H. , Girart J. M. , Surcis G. , Torrelles J. M. , Van Langevelde H. J.
Published: May 2019

Context.The role of magnetic fields during the formation of high-mass stars is not yet fully understood, and the processes related to the early fragmentation and collapse are as yet largely unexplored. The high-mass star forming region G9.62+0.19 is a well known source, presenting several cores at different evolutionary stages.

Aims.We seek to investigate the magnetic field properties at the initial stages of massive star formation. We aim to determine the magnetic field morphology and strength in the high-mass star forming region G9.62+0.19 to investigate its relation to the evolutionary sequence of the cores.

Methods.We made use of Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations in full polarisation mode at 1 mm wavelength (Band 7) and we analysed the polarised dust emission. We estimated the magnetic field strength via the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi and structure function methods.

Results.We resolve several protostellar cores embedded in a bright and dusty filamentary structure. The polarised emission is clearly detected in six regions: two in the northern field and four in the southern field. Moreover the magnetic field is orientated along the filament and appears perpendicular to the direction of the outflows. The polarisation vectors present ordered patterns and the cores showing polarised emission are less fragmented. We suggest an evolutionary sequence of the magnetic field, and the less evolved hot core exhibits a stronger magnetic field than the more evolved hot core. An average magnetic field strength of the order of 11 mG was derived, from which we obtain a low turbulent-to-magnetic energy ratio, indicating that turbulence does not significantly contribute to the stability of the clump. We report a detection of linear polarisation from thermal line emission, probably from methanol or carbon dioxide, and we tentatively compared linear polarisation vectors from our observations with previous linearly polarised OH masers observations. We also compute the spectral index, column density, and mass for some of the cores.

Conclusions.The high magnetic field strength and smooth polarised emission indicate that the magnetic field could play an important role in the fragmentation and the collapse process in the star forming region G9.62+019 and that the evolution of the cores can be magnetically regulated. One core shows a very peculiar pattern in the polarisation vectors, which can indicate a compressed magnetic field. On average, the magnetic field derived by the linear polarised emission from dust, thermal lines, and masers is pointing in the same direction and has consistent strength.
Time variability in the bipolar scattered light nebula of L1527 IRS: a possible warped inner disk
Authors: Cook Brian T. , Tobin John J. , Skrutskie Michael F. , Nelson Matthew J.
Published: May 2019

Context. The bipolar outflows associated with low-mass protostars create cavities in the infalling envelope. These cavities are illuminated by the central protostar and inner disk, creating a bipolar scattered light nebula at near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelengths. The variability of the scattered light nebula in both total intensity and intensity as a function of position in the scattered light nebula can provide important insights into the structure of the inner disk that cannot be spatially resolved.

Aims. We aim to determine the likelihood that a warped inner disk is the origin of the surface brightness variability in the bipolar scattered light nebula associated with L1527 IRS.

Methods. We present results from near-IR imaging conducted over the course of seven years, with periods of monthly cadence monitoring. We used Monte Carlo radiative transfer models to interpret the observations.

Results. We find a time varying, asymmetrical brightness in the scattered light nebulae within the outflow cavities of the protostar. Starting in 2007, the surface brightnesses of the eastern and western outflow cavities were roughly symmetric. Then, in 2009, the surface brightnesses of the cavities were found to be asymmetric, with a substantial increase in surface brightness and a larger increase in the eastern outflow cavity. More regular monitoring was conducted from 2011 to 2014, revealing a rotating pattern of surface brightness variability in addition to a slow change of the eastern and western outflow cavities toward symmetry, but still not as symmetric as observed in 2007. We find that an inner disk warp is a feasible mechanism to produce the rotating pattern of surface brightness variability.
Displaced Acetabular Fracture in Elderly Patients: Is Acute Arthroplasty an Effective Option?
Authors: Yang Zhengming , Röhrl Stephan Maximillian , Nordsletten Lars
Published: May 2019

Background and study aim Elderly individuals are the most rapidly growing subgroup of patients currently sustaining acetabular fractures, and total hip arthroplasty (THA) is being applied more and more in the treatment of acetabular fractures. The purpose of this study was to review the available literature regarding displaced acetabular fractures in elderly patients treated with acute THA.

Study design A search was conducted using the electronic databases Medline, PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus on papers published between January 1960 and November 2018 using the terms “acetabular fracture” plus “elderly patients” plus “arthroplasty”. A systematic review of the literature on the different treatment options for acute THA is presented.

Results The search yielded a total of 320 articles, and 9 articles were selected for review. The indications, techniques, approaches, and complications of THA are discussed, and a treatment recommendation based on the selected articles is given.

Conclusion We consider acute arthroplasty an effective treatment option for displaced acetabular fractures in elderly patients, while different techniques should be used for different displaced acetabular fractures in this patient group.
Can Supplementation with Vitamin D Modify Thyroid Autoantibodies (Anti-TPO Ab, Anti-Tg Ab) and Thyroid Profile (T3, T4, TSH) in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis? A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chahardoli Reza , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali-Akbar , Amouzegar Atieh , Khalili Davood , Vakili Azita , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: May 2019

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells caused by leukocytes and antibody-mediated immune processes accompanied by hypothyroidism. In recent years, evidence has emerged pointing to various roles for vitamin D, including, proliferation and differentiation of normal and cancer cells, cardiovascular function, and immunomodulation. Vitamin D deficiency has been especially demonstrated in HT patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on circulating thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid hormones profile (T4, T3, and TSH) in females with HT. Forty-two women with HT disease were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial study and divided into vitamin D and placebo groups. Patients in the vitamin D and placebo groups received 50 000 IU vitamin D and placebo pearls, weekly for 3 months, respectively. The serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], Ca++ion, anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab), T4, T3, and TSH were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results of this study showed a significant reduction of anti-Tg Ab and TSH hormone in the Vitamin D group compared to the start of the study; however, there was a no significant reduction of anti-TPO Ab in the Vitamin D group compared to the placebo group (p=0.08). No significant changes were observed in the serum levels of T3 and T4 hormones. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation can be helpful for alleviation of the disease activity in HT patients; however, further well controlled, large, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether it can be introduced in clinical practice.
Photoredox Fischer Indole Synthesis
Authors: Kaga Atsushi , Fukushima Tomohiro , Shimokawa Jun , Kitamura Masato
Published: May 2019

Visible light photoredox conditions were applied to the traditional Fischer indole synthesis. N,N-Diarylhydrazones were efficiently converted into the corresponding indoles even at 30 °C by treatment with bromotrichloromethane in the presence of Ru(bpy)3Cl2·6H2O as the photocatalyst. Electrochemical study revealed the viability of oxidative quenching cycle for the photocatalysis, which set the basis for proposing the redox-based reaction mechanism.
Does a relationship exist between the number of training or competition hours and the presence of sonographic alterations in the shoulder of CrossFit athletes?
Authors: Vigar Claudia Juan , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc
Published: May 2019

Introduction CrossFit is a sport that is on the rise and has a known injury rate thanks to studies that have affirmed that the shoulder is the area that suffers the most damage. To date, no objective tool has been used to evaluate this. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of structural sonographic alterations in CrossFit athletes and its relationship with accumulated hours of practice and/or competition in the sport and shoulder pain.

Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with sonographic assessments performed on 208 shoulders of 104 participants at official CrossFit gyms in Barcelona, between April and May 2017. The participants were requested to complete a specific questionnaire on CrossFit sports practice that included demographic data, the existence of pain, data on training routines, and clinical history. Ultrasound (US) examinations were made on the supraspinatus tendons (SST), on the long head of the biceps (LHB), and on the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.

Results The presence of focal hypoechoic areas (FHAs) in the LHB (48.1%) and in the SST (60.6%) were the most common alterations in this sample, whereas, at the level of the AC joint, the most common disorder was the presence of cortical defects (30.3%). Shoulder pain was present in 37.5% of the participants. The probability of experiencing pain increased when the athletes accumulated > 1,000 hours of training (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0). In these athletes, the probability of presenting a focal hypoechoic area (FHA) decreased in the LHB (OR = 0.3), and the width of the SST increased a mean of 0.5 mm (p < 0.01). In athletes who participated in competitions, the sonographic pattern also presented an increased width of the SST and LHB tendons; however, this was not related with an increased probability of experiencing pain.

Conclusions The sonographic pattern of the shoulder of CrossFit athletes presented structural changes in the SST and LHB tendons when subjects accumulated > 1,000 hours of training or when they participated in competitions. It is essential to relate the sonographic findings with the clinical findings of a patient to define whether these findings are, indeed, pathological. The probability of experiencing pain in the shoulder doubles when > 1,000 hours of CrossFit training are accumulated. This finding bears no relation with competing.
Timing of Delivery in Pregnancies Complicated by Suspected Fetal Growth Restriction without Doppler Abnormalities
Authors: Pineles Beth L. , Crimmins Sarah , Turan Ozhan
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to identify the optimal gestational age for delivery of pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) without Doppler abnormalities.

Study Design Cases of FGR (ultrasound-estimated fetal weight less than the 10th or abdominal circumference less than the 5th percentile for gestational age) without fetal Doppler abnormalities were identified from a fetal ultrasound database. The primary outcome was a composite of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The risk of the primary outcome for each gestational age was compared with pregnancies delivered at 390/7 to 406/7 weeks. Odds ratios were adjusted for potential confounders.

Results The analysis included 1,024 pregnancies. FGR was identified at a median of 235/7 weeks (range: 20–42 weeks). Four cases of fetal death (234/7—376/7 weeks) and no neonatal deaths were included. The primary outcome occurred in 209 patients (20.4%). This was greater for patients delivered at less than 37 weeks' gestation than for those delivered at or after 39 weeks' gestation, with no increased risk after 40 weeks.

Conclusion Among pregnancies complicated by suspected FGR without Doppler abnormalities, delivery at 39 weeks is safe with no difference in perinatal outcomes from 37 to 42 weeks.
Analysis of Radiographic Relationship between Distal Radius, Ulna, and Lunate
Authors: Mwaturura Tendai , Cloutier Frédéric-Charles , Daneshvar Parham
Published: May 2019

Background Wrist anatomy variability is associated with differing susceptibility to pathology. For example, a flat radial inclination is associated with Kienbock's disease. Lunate facet inclination (LFI) also exhibits variability. Its relationship with other wrist features is poorly documented.

Purposes We tested the hypothesis that high LFI is associated with increased uncovering of the lunate, negative ulnar variance (UV), and type 2 lunates to balance forces across wrists.

Methods In total, 50 bilateral and 100 unilateral wrist posteroanterior radiographs were reviewed. Lunate type, lunate uncovering index (LUI), lunate tilting angle (LTA), UV, and sigmoid notch angle (SNA) were measured, and correlation with LFI was assessed on 150 right wrist radiographs followed by an assessment of differences based on lunate morphology. Symmetry of 50 bilateral wrists was assessed.

Results There was no correlation of LFI with lunate morphology, LUI, and LTA. There was a low correlation of LFI with SNA and UV. There was an inverse relationship between UV and SNA. Wrists with type 2 lunates had more oblique sigmoid notches and higher LTA in comparison to wrists with type 1 lunates. Side-to-side comparison revealed strong correlation except for LUI, which exhibited moderate correlation.

Conclusions There is no correlation between LFI, LUI, and lunate morphology. Type 2 lunates are associated with higher LTA and more oblique SNA. Wrists were symmetrical.

Clinical Relevance Factors other than lunate morphology are essential in balancing forces across wrists. A better understanding of soft tissue and other factors will improve the understanding of wrist biomechanics and pathology. Contralateral wrist radiographs can guide reconstructive surgery.
A Prospective Evaluation of the Anatomy of the First Dorsal Compartment in Patients Requiring Surgery for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Matzon Jonas L. , Graham Jack G. , Lutsky Kevin F. , Takei T. Robert , Gallant Gregory G. , Beredjiklian Pedro K.
Published: May 2019

Background We prospectively evaluated the surgical anatomy during first dorsal compartment release for De Quervain's tenosynovitis, with special attention to the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN). Additionally, the incidence of tendon instability during surgery was assessed.

Methods This prospective cohort study consisted of 130 De Quervain's patients undergoing first dorsal compartment release. The treating surgeons recorded the type of incision used, the number of abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon slips, the number of SBRN branches encountered, additional subcompartments created by any septations, and active/passive tendon stability.

Results A singular first dorsal compartment was found in 37% of cases, whereas 55% of patients had two subcompartments and 8% had three. Multiple APL tendon slips (range: 1–4) were identified in 78% of patients. In contrast, a single EPB tendon was found in 92% of patients (range: 0–2). At least one SBRN was encountered in 61% of cases. Following surgery, instability was evident in 9% of patients, who had tendons perch with passive wrist flexion. In one of these patients (<1%), the tendons dislocated volarly out of the first dorsal compartment during active flexion.

Conclusions The anatomical findings in our relatively large, prospective study of De Quervain's patients undergoing first dorsal compartment release are consistent with previous smaller and/or retrospective studies. Overall, we expect to encounter the SBRN during first dorsal compartment release in more than 50% of patients but are unconcerned if it is not visualized during a careful approach. Tendon instability has an incidence of 9%; however, dislocation is rare (<1%).