bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐75: Autostereoscopic 3D Projection Display with Low Crosstalk
Authors: Liang Jing‐Long , Wang Qin , Zang Shang‐Fei , Zhao Wu‐Xiang , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2015

In order to achieve high quality and large screen autostereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) display, We propose an autostereoscopic three‐dimensional display based on a parallax barrier and a lenticular sheet. It is an effective approach to realize large size 3D images and low crosstalk. A 50‐inch prototype which presents good stereoscopic images with low crosstalk is developed.
P‐127: Highly Efficient Light Extraction Technologies Applicable for Transparent OLED Lighting using a Corrugated Substrate
Authors: Masuyama Satoshi , Seki Takashi , Toriyama Shigetaka , Nishimura Suzushi
Published: July 2015

The authors fabricated OLED devices with enhanced out‐coupling efficiency, made using corrugated substrates which have nanostructures imprinted from a self‐assembled block‐copolymer pattern. We optimized the substrate for transparent OLED lighting by shortening the pattern pitch to develop a new substrate that is transparent with 0.1 % haze and an out‐coupling efficiency 1.79 times that of a device made with a flat glass substrate.
47.4: A Novel Full Windshield Heads‐Up Display Technology
Authors: Sun Ted X.
Published: July 2015

Sun Innovations developed a full‐windshield head‐up display (FW‐HUD). This new display is based on emissive projection display (EPD) technology, to form photoquality images on fully transparent RGB emissive screen, after selective excitation of the screen by images in multiple UV‐Vis. wavebands from projector. With the FW‐HUD, information can be graphically displayed anywhere on the windshield without limitation on viewing angles. As a new tool for human‐machine interface in future vehicles, FW‐HUD will enable advanced augmented reality solutions over entire windshield after integration with various sensors.
4.1: Distinguished Paper: Apparatus for Manufacturing Flexible OLED Displays: Adoption of Transfer Technology
Authors: Idojiri Satoru , Ohno Masakatsu , Takeshima Koichi , Yasumoto Seiji , Sato Masataka , Sakamoto Naoya , Okazaki Kenichi , Yokoyama Kohei , Eguchi Shingo , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2015

We established a manufacturing process of flexible displays, adopting a transfer technology using tungsten separation layers. We performed separation with water. In this study, we describe the apparatus we built for the manufacturing process. This apparatus fabricated an 8k (7680 × 4320 effective pixels) flexible organic light‐emitting diode display.
39.2: Invited Paper: Recent Progress of Oxide‐Semiconductor‐Based P‐channel TFTs
Authors: Nomura Kenji
Published: July 2015

Oxide semiconductor based TFT is to date accepted as a emerging technology that enable the development of next generation display and flexible technologies because of its superior properties and wide compatibility of processing. However, the largest drawback is the absence of high performance p‐channel oxide‐TFT. Here we review the recent progress of oxide based p‐channel TFT and discuss how we improve p‐channel TFT performances.
51.1: Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide TFTs with High Mobility and Reliability
Authors: Sun Tao , Shi Long‐Qiang , Su Chih‐Yu , Li Wen‐Hui , Lv Xiao‐Wen , Zhang He‐Jing , Meng Yan‐Hong , Shi Wen , Ge Shi‐Min , Tseng Chih‐Yuan , Wang Yi‐Fan , Lo Chang‐Cheng , Lien Alan.
Published: July 2015

A high‐mobility amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide (a‐IGZTO) TFT was demonstrated. The new TFT achieved a large field effect mobility of ~24.7 cm2/Vs, which had a comparable reliability to the a‐IGZO TFT. Furthermore, 4K×2K AMOLED TV addressed by the a‐IGZTO TFT showed a good performance.
51.2: The Development of a High Mobility Zinc Oxynitride TFT for AMOLED
Authors: Yan Liangchen , Wang Meili , Zhang Li , Wang Dongfang , Liu Fengjuan , Yuan Guangcai , Wang Gang
Published: July 2015

TFTs with zinc oxynitride (ZnON) as active layer were developed, and a saturation mobility over 50 cm2/Vs was achieved. The ZnON TFTs show superior I‐V performance and Vth uniformity. A 14 inch WOLED panel driven by ZnON TFT was demonstrated. The reliability of ZnON panels was evaluated at high‐temperatureoperation and low‐temperature‐operation conditions, and satisfied results were achieved.
7.1: Invited Paper: Novel OLED Display Technologies for Large‐Size UHD OLED TVs
Authors: Shin Hong‐Jae , Takasugi Shinji , Park Kwang‐Mo , Choi Soo‐Hong , Jeong Yun‐Sik , Song Byung‐Chan , Kim Han‐Seop , Oh Chang‐Ho , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we present novel OLED display technologies for large‐size UHD OLED TVs, including an IGZO TFT backplane, an RGBW pixel structure with white OLED, driving schemes and compensation methods applied to the panel. We also discuss technical issues and challenges in panel design and driving methods to compensate non‐uniformities of oxide TFTs, OLED devices, color, and luminance. Using these technologies, we have successfully launched 55‐, 65‐ and 77‐inch UHD OLED TVs. Currently we focus on technologies to achieve higher image qualities, a wider color range and a higher cost competitiveness in the TV market.
46.3: Anchoring Energy of PEDOT: PSS Alignment Layer for High Order Parameter and Polarized Luminescence of Organic Dyes
Authors: Stankevich Andrei , Bezruchenko Veronika , Muravsky Alexander , Murauski Anatoli , Agabekov Vladimir
Published: July 2015

We investigated azimuthal anchoring energy of PEDOT:PSS alignment layer and studied its influence on order parameter of wet coated films. Azimuthal anchoring energy effects both dichroic ratio and contrast ratio of polarized emission of wet coated uniaxial films. The process of high anchoring (>10−4J/m2) PEDOT:PSS alignment layer is suggested.
I1.4: Invited Paper: Indoor Scene Understanding from RGB‐D Images
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Girshick Ross , Arbeláez Pablo , Malik Jitendra
Published: July 2015

Our goal is to be able to align objects in an RGB‐D image with 3D models from a library. Our pipeline for this task involves detecting and segmenting objects and estimating coarse pose using a convolutional neural network, followed by inserting the rendered model in the scene.
9.1: Invited Paper: Status and Outlook of Organic Electronic Materials for Flexible and Stretchable Displays
Authors: Bao Zhenan , He Mingqian
Published: July 2015

Organic materials are interesting alternatives to inorganic materials in applications where low cost, transparent, flexible or even stretchable substrates, and large area format is required. In this talk, I will present current status of organic electronic material performance and prospects for flexible and stretchable display applications.
9.4: Stretchable 45 × 80 RGB LED Display Using Meander Wiring Technology
Authors: Ohmae Hideki , Tomita Yoshihiro , Kasahara Mitsuhiro , Schram Jeroen , Smits Edsger , van den Brand Jeroen , Bossuyt Frederick , Vanfleteren Jan , De Baets Johan
Published: July 2015

We present a str etchable and foldable passive matrix driven display using 45 by 80 RGB LED's mounted on a meandering printed circuitry embedded in a polyurethane film. The meander interconnections have been optimized with respect to their electrical and mechanical properties to provide a display with a 3 mm pitch between the pixels and a stretchability of up to 10%. At an operating supply voltage of 5 V, the brightness of the display exceeds 30 cd/m2.
66.3: Invited Paper: Smooth Motion Parallax Autostereoscopic 3D Display Using Linear Blending of Viewing Zones
Authors: Date Munekazu , Kawakami Tohru , Sasai Mutsumi , Takada Hideaki
Published: July 2015

A new autostereoscopic 3D display is proposed. Using only a small number of projectors, it produces smooth and exact motion parallax by applying the visual effects of dual edge perception in a depth‐fused 3D (DFD) display. It provides a breakthrough in overcoming the trade‐off between 3D image reality and the number of video sources.
53.2: Visual Search and Attention: What Eye‐Tracking Reveals about Visual Performance in the Curved Display
Authors: Choi Kyungah , Bae Hyunjoo , Ju Sung-Wook , Suk Hyeon-Jeong
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the curved display on visual performance and user experience. Eye‐tracking technique and self‐report were adopted to assess the visual performance when watching multimedia on the curved display. For visual examination, two curvatures were chosen: flat and curved with a radius equal to 4200 mm. A series of 12 clips were presented, consisting of 2 visual tasks and 10 multimedia video clips. The result revealed an improved visual performance in the curved display, especially in terms of visual search and attention. Participants showed an active scan of visual information for a particular target among distractors and quickly responded to the visual cues. The study provides guidance for an effective visual communication through a curved display and can help manufacturers understand the strength and weakness of different display forms.
12.2: Flame‐Resistant and Heat‐Resistant Lithium‐Ion Battery Used to Operate Heat‐Resistant OLED
Authors: Ishikawa Jun , Oguni Teppei , Narita Kazuhei , Hitotsuyanagi Aya , Yamakaji Masaki , Momo Jumpei , Hirohashi Takuya , Yoshitani Yusuke , Nowatari Hiromi , Takahashi Tatsuyoshi , Suzuki Tsunenori , Seo Satoshi , Takahashi Minoru , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2015

A flame‐ and heat‐resistant lithium‐ion battery (LIB) has been developed using ionic liquid electrolyte. This battery can be stably discharged at 100°C as well as at 0°C. A heat‐resistant organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) using this battery as a power source has been stably operated at temperatures of 100°C and 0°C.
22.3: CbzTAZ Hosts in Blue Organic Light Emitting Devices Perform a High Current Efficiency more than 50 cd/A
Authors: Chiu Tien‐Lung , Chen Shin‐Ren , Hsieh Yu‐Shuan , Leung Man‐Kit , Wang Po‐Sheng , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Ho Hsin‐Chia
Published: July 2015

Two novel bipolar carbzol‐triazole derivatives was synthesized by conjugating hole transporting moiety carbazole (Cbz) with electron transporting moiety triazole (TAZ) to achieve the bipolar molecules, which were employed as the hosts of emitting layer doped with blue emitter FIrpic inside blue phosphorescence OLEDs with high current efficiency of 50 and 50.6 cd/A, and EQE of 20% and 21.6%.
69.1: Invited Paper: The Advantages of the Self‐Aligned Top Gate Oxide TFT Technology for AM‐OLED Displays
Authors: Arai Toshiaki
Published: July 2015

In recent years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to developing oxide TFTs for active‐matrix displays. Especially, oxide TFTs are expected to take some space away from LTPS TFTs to drive the AM‐OLED displays because of their low cost, high uniformity, and capability for large‐size display manufacturing. A self‐aligned top‐gate TFT is proposed for the oxide TFT, and a method to improve the stability in terms of the bias temperature stress will be discussed.
69.2: Distinguished Paper: High Reliable a‐IGZO TFTs with Self‐Aligned Coplanar Structure for Large‐Sized Ultrahigh‐Definition OLED TV
Authors: Ha Chanki , Lee Heung‐Jo , Kwon Jin‐Woo , Seok Seong‐Yoon , Ryoo Chang‐II , Yun Kwi‐Young , Kim Bong‐Chul , Shin Woo‐Sup , Cha Soo‐Youle
Published: July 2015

Self‐aligned coplanar oxide TFTs have been developed for large‐sized UHD OLED TV. Metallized active films were employed as source/ drain regions. By applying light shield layer, it was made possible to suppress photo‐induced threshold voltage shift and obtain excellent output characteristics. The maximum difference of threshold voltages of a‐IGZO TFTs on Gen. 8.5 glass is approximately 0.57V. Also, a‐IGZO TFTs reveal good reliability showing threshold voltage shift of 0.07V and 0.03V after 1h of PBTS and 10h of CS, respectively. This work should play an important role in commercializing large‐sized UHD OLED TV.
55.2: Invited Paper: Rethinking Wireless Communications: Advanced Antenna Design using LCD Technology
Authors: Stevenson Ryan A. , Bily Adam H. , Cure David , Sazegar Mohsen , Kundtz Nathan
Published: July 2015

For mobile satellite communications applications such as the connected car, a scanning antenna is required. Kymeta has developed a novel, electronically scanned antenna technology achieved through the use of high‐birefringence liquid crystals. Kymeta's technology is positioned for mass production by leveraging the manufacturing capabilities of the LC display industry.
17.2: KANSEI Evaluation of Color Images Presented in Color Gamuts with Different Blue Primaries
Authors: Ayama Miyoshi , Fuseda Takashi , Hamano Toshiya , Ishikawa Tomoharu
Published: July 2015

To investigate the best blue primary for color display from KANSEI‐evaluation point of view, evaluation experiment using Semantic Differential method was carried out using four different blue primaries of 430nm, 450nm, 470nm, and 480nm at 60cd/m2. The same experiment was done for 450nm, 470nm, and 480nm at 170cd/m2. In the results of 4 primaries, 450nm and 470nm blue primaries show the best, 430nm is the next, and 480nm blue primary shows the worst performance. In the results of 3 primaries, 470nm shows the highest scores for bluish test images. Results are compared with color naming data in the entire chromaticity diagram.
56.4: Forward Looking Light Sensor Utilization for Automatic Luminance Control
Authors: Weindorf Paul
Published: July 2015

A mathematical framework is proposed for an automotive automatic luminance control system that adjusts the display luminance as a function of incident ambient light and forward field of view intensities from logarithmic light sensors
27.4: Selective Laser‐Annealing System for LTPS‐TFT Panels
Authors: Sugimoto Shigeto , Kiguchi Tetsuya , Hatanaka Makoto , Mizumura Michinobu , Kajiyama Koichi , Kido Junji
Published: July 2015

A new laser‐annealing system for LTPS process was developed which can selectively anneal only the TFT channel area by irradiating amorphous Si with a laser beam using a micro lens located at the TFT array and a highly accurate optical exposure alignment system. Process throughput is increased, stitching issues overcome, and substrate sizes larger G6 are accessible.
27.5L: Late‐News Paper: Hybrid Printing of High Resolution Metal Mesh as A Transparent Conductor for Touch Panels and OLED Displays
Authors: Cui Zheng , Gao Yulong
Published: July 2015

A hybrid printing technique has been developed to manufacture high resolution metal mesh as flexible transparent conductors. The metal mesh structures are made by embedding silver nanoparticles inks into trenches which are patterned by high resolution nanoimprinting technology. Compared to other nanosilver type or metal mesh type of transparent conductors, the new technology can make much finer metal mesh (<3µm) with much higher conductivity (<1Ω/□) while still maintaining high transparency (>88%). The transparent conductor sheets can be roll‐to‐roll printed, which offers significant cost advantage over ITO electrodes. The new technology has been successfully implemented in high volume manufacturing of touch panel sensors for displays, as well as adapted to making flexible OLED.
60.2: Invited Paper: Advanced In‐cell Touch Technology for Large Sized Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Kim Cheolse , Lee Deuk Su , Kim Ju Han , Kim Hun Bae , Shin Seung Rok , Jung Ji Hyun , Song In Hyuk , Jang Chul Sang , Kwon Keuk Sang , Kim Sung Ho , Kim Geon Tae , Yoon Jeong Hwan , Lee Bu‐Yeol , Kim Byeong Koo , Kang In‐Byeong
Published: July 2015

We propose an advanced in‐cell touch (AIT) sensor integrated on TFT substrate. The proposed touch sensor perceives selfcapacitance formed between touching object and sensing electrode which is made by common electrode of AH‐IPS panel. This new touch sensor shows above 50dB‐signal‐to‐noise ratio and multi‐touch function without loss of transmittance. Finally we have succeeded in in‐cell touch panel development of 15.6” FHD for notebook PC and 7” WVGA for automotive which supports 2mm‐thick glove touch.
30.4: Multi‐Plane Holographic Display with a Uniform 3D Gerchberg‐Saxton Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Pengcheng , Li Yan , Chen Chao Ping , Li Xiao , Hu Wei , Rong Na , Yuan Yachao , Liu Shuxin , Su Yikai
Published: July 2015

A modified three‐dimensional (3D) Gerchberg‐Saxton (GS) algorithm for phase‐only holograms in holographic displays is proposed. Numerical and experimental results indicate that compared with the traditional 3D GS algorithm, image‐quality difference in the proposed method is reduced by four orders of magnitude, while the average image‐quality is increased by 28.7%.
31.3: New Approach to Developing Liquid Crystal Materials for Idling Stop Driving on Reflective Displays
Authors: Niikura Yasuhiro , Kubota Daisuke , Hatsumi Ryo , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Miyake Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakamura Ami , Chubachi Yuka , Katayama Masahiro
Published: July 2015

Using a temporal modulation transfer function, we examined the luminance change during low‐frequency driving of liquid crystal displays, which is not perceived as flickers by humans. We also developed a novel liquid crystal mixture that doubles the rewrite interval (relative to the conventional mixture), and realizes an eye‐friendly display panel.
64.1: The Thin and Slim Design for 65‐inch UHD OLED TV
Authors: Miwa Koichi , Baik Sung‐Min , Park Chul , Park Jong‐Hee , Shin Hyun‐Su , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Park Kwan‐Ho , Tani Ryosuke , Nam Woo‐Jin , Kim Jin‐Mok , Park Joon‐Kyu , Kim Pan‐Youl , Oh Chang‐Ho , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2015

The thin and slim design of 65‐inch UHD OLED TV is reviewed in this paper. With its outstanding image qualities in UHD resolution is noteworthy the thin and slim curved screen. Reverse bonding technology enables the slim bezel design. A thin and curved back plate holds the module in shape and dissipates heat effectively. The source printed‐circuit‐boards are fixed directly to the backside of module to realize the ultra‐thinedge design of the 65‐inch OLED TV.
64.2: Panel and Circuit Designs for the World's First 65‐inch UHD OLED TV
Authors: Tani Ryosuke , Yoon Joong‐Sun , Yun Soon‐II , Nam Woo‐Jin , Takasugi Shinji , Kim Jin‐Mok , Park Joon‐Kyu , Kwon Sun‐Young , Kim Pan‐Youl , Oh Chang‐Ho , Ahn Byung‐Chul
Published: July 2015

We have developed the world's first 65‐inch UHD (also called 4K, 3840×2160) OLED TV with a coplanar‐type IGZO(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) TFTs. In this paper, we discuss our excellent WRGB panel designs and circuits to achieve the high frame frequency and the product reliability.
33.5: Fabrication of an All‐Screen Printed Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistor Active‐Matrix Backplane
Authors: Fukada Kazuhiro , Maeda Yojiro , Liu Xi Yun , Matoba Akinari , Takagi Shinji , Inoue Satoshi , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: July 2015

An all‐screen printed oxide semiconductor thin film transistor (TFT) active‐matrix backplane (AMBP) was investigated. We introduced a new pixel layout which reduces the leakage current between source and drain electrodes. As a result, the TFT‐AMBP with 33.8 ppi for an electrophoretic display was successfully fabricated by using screen printing for the first time. The display size and resolution are 750 mm × 550mm and 33.8 ppi, respectively.
34.4: Invited Paper: Combinatorial Design of OLED‐Emitting Materials
Authors: Aspuru‐Guzik Alán , Adams Ryan , Baldo Marc , Aguilera‐Iparraguirre Jorge , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael
Published: July 2015

We report the first results from a combinatorial design effort focused on new OLED emitters that exploit thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence. Using quantum chemistry and machine learning techniques to prune a pool of over 400,000 combinations of donor and acceptor subgroups, we demonstrate new dyes that are state‐of‐the‐art, yet entirely computationally‐derived.
35.2: Design of Hybrid Refractive/Reflective Projection Optics for Family Theatre
Authors: Zhuang Zhenfeng , Surman Phil , Sun Xiao Wei , Yu Feihong
Published: July 2015

An ultra‐short focal projector equipped with a set of refractive lenses and an odd polynomial mirror is developed in this paper. Currently, short focal projectors generally employ a fisheye lens that produces wide field of view (WFOV). However, the lens distortion is inevitable so the design a projection optics with WFOV, small distortion and low f‐number is still the challenge for an ultra‐short focal projector system. The projector described in this paper overcomes these limitations by using a set of refractive lenses and an odd polynomial mirror. This enables projection optics with a focal length of −4.6 mm, an f‐number of 2.0, a WFOV of about 140° and a distortion of less than < 1 % to be presented. Results of the proposed projection optics will be described. Moreover, a portable projector based on light‐emitting diodes (LED) is proposed.
36.5L: Late‐News Paper: Multi‐Projection 3D Display with Dual Projection System using Uniaxial Crystal
Authors: Lee Chang‐Kun , Park Soon‐gi , Jeong Jinsoo , Lee Byoungho
Published: July 2015

Multi‐projection three‐dimensional (3D) display system with dual projection using uniaxial crystal is proposed. The dual projection means that multiple images are generated by double refraction in the uniaxial crystal according to the polarization state of a single projection unit. The concept of dual projection method is equivalent to physically separated two projectors. We apply the dual projection method in the multi‐projection 3D display and double the number of viewing zones while maintaining the number of projectors. Through the experiment, we implement the four‐view multi‐projection 3D display providing super multi‐view condition with two projection units. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system.
20.2: Ultra‐Bright, Highly Efficient, Low Roll‐Off Inverted Quantum‐Dot Light Emitting Devices (QLEDs)
Authors: Dong Yajie , Caruge Jean‐Michel , Zhou Zhaoqun , Hamilton Charles , Popovic Zoran , Ho John , Stevenson Matthew , Liu Guo , Bulovic Vladimir , Bawendi Moungi , Kazlas Peter T. , Steckel Jonathan , Coe‐Sullivan Seth
Published: July 2015

We report an ultra‐bright, highly efficient, low roll‐off, inverted quantum dot‐based red light emitting device (QLED) using solution‐processed zinc oxide nanoparticles and cesium carbonate films as the electron injection and hole blocking layers, respectively. Record luminance of 165,000 Cd/m2 has been obtained at a current density of 1000 mA/cm2 with a low driving voltage of 5.8 V for deep red device with CIE coordinates of (0.69, 0.31).
I3.3: Invited Paper: Immersive Virtual Reality on the Desktop — System Integration of a Stereoscopic Display and Image‐based Tracking System
Authors: Chavez David
Published: July 2015

Essential elements of virtual reality system include a stereoscopic display that can deliver high quality projections based on user head position, as well as some form of interaction. The delivery of a convincing and comfortable virtual reality experience requires a minimal level of fidelity in tracking and display technology which has only recently been achievable. The demands of the imaging system in the realization of a virtual reality system will be discussed in the context of overall system comfort, performance, and value.
38.3: Simulations, Measurements, and Optimization of OLEDs with Scattering Layer
Authors: Altazin Stéphane , Reynaud Clément , Mayer Ursula M. , Lanz Thomas , Lapagna Kevin , Knaack Reto , Penninck Lieven , Kirsch Christoph , Pernstich Kurt P. , Harkema Stephan , Hermes Dorothee , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: July 2015

A multi‐scale optical model for organic light‐emitting devices containing scattering layers is presented. This model describes the radiation of embedded oscillating dipoles and scattering from spherical particles. After successful model validation with experiments on a top‐emitting white OLED, we show how this tool can be used for optimization with specific targets.
Pioneering Metal‐Free Oxidative Coupling Strategy of Aromatic Compounds Using Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Kita Yasuyuki , Dohi Toshifumi
Published: July 2015

We started our hypervalent iodine research about 30 years ago in the mid‐1980s. We soon successfully developed the single‐electron‐transfer oxidation ability of a hypervalent iodine reagent, specifically, phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), toward aromatic rings of phenyl ethers for forming aromatic cation radicals. This was one of the exciting and unexpected events in our research studies so far, and the discovery was reported in 1991. It also led to the next challenge, developing the metal‐free oxidative couplings for C–H functionalizations and direct couplings between the C–H bonds of valuable aromatic compounds in organic synthesis. In order to realize the effective oxidative coupling, pioneering new aromatic ring activations was essential and several useful methodologies have been found for oxidizable arenes. The achievements regarding this objective obtained in our continuous research are herein summarized with classification of the aromatic ring activation strategies.
Functional Language Instruction and the Writing Growth of English Language Learners in the Middle Years
Authors: Humphrey Sally , Macnaught Lucy
Published: July 2015

In this article the authors report on the use of a scaffolding pedagogy (Gibbons, 2009), informed by systemic functional linguistics, to support the writing of English language learners in middle years curriculum learning. They focus on the work of one teacher and her English class across the first 18 months of a longitudinal design‐based literacy research project, Embedding Literacies in the Key Learning Areas (ELK). This 3‐year project was conducted in an Australian urban secondary school with 97.5% of students from language backgrounds other than English. A core aspect of the pedagogy implemented through theELKproject is the use of a shared metalanguage to make visible the patterns of language valued for discipline learning. Analysis of instructional materials, classroom discourse, and data on students’ achievement on standardized external and formative internal assessments of writing over 18 months indicates that growth in writing is related to pedagogical practices that include consistent use of a functional metalanguage in classroom modeling of exemplar texts and in feedback on students’ writing.
Traumatic lateral abdominal wall hematoma treated with Kampo medicines
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Okuyama Manabu , Igarashi Toshiko
Published: July 2015

Case

A 62‐year‐old woman presented with whiplash, bruised chest, and lateral abdominal wall hematoma with an arterial rupture. Keishibukuryogan (KBG), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, was administered for treatment of oketsu syndrome. Five days after the injury, cervical and chest pain were still present, and the subcutaneous hematoma had increased tremendously in size. KBG was discontinued and jidabokuippo (JDI) was administered. The subcutaneous hematoma improved dramatically.

Outcome

Symptoms improved after treatment with JDI.

Conclusion

JDI can be used for the management of pain and swelling following abdominal wall hematoma as an alternative to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
A study of the degradation of compatibilized and uncompatibilized peanut shell powder/recycled polypropylene composites due to natural weathering
Authors: Zaaba Nor Fasihah , Ismail Hanafi , Jaafar Mariatti
Published: July 2015

Compatibilized and uncompatibilized composites containing various loadings of recycled polypropylene (RPP) and peanut shell powder (PSP) were prepared. An amount of 3 parts by weight per hundred parts of resin of poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) (PEAA) was used as a compatibilizer in the RPP/PSP composites. The effect of PEAA and PSP loading on natural weathering was investigated. Composites without PEAA were used as a control, with the samples being tested before exposure to the environment. The PSP loading was varied from 0 to 40 wt%. The samples were exposed to natural weathering in the northern part of Malaysia for 6 months. The results showed that there was a higher decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break in the uncompatibilized composites compared with the compatibilized composites after exposure. Moreover, the tensile modulus increased for both the uncompatibilized and the compatibilized composites after natural weathering. The weight loss for both the uncompatibilized and the compatibilized RPP/PSP composites with PSP loading of 40 wt% after 6 months exposure was 9.24 and 7.13 wt%, respectively. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:290–297, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Gradient‐based intuitive search intelligence for the optimization of mechanical behaviors in hybrid bioparticle‐impregnated coir‐polyester composites
Authors: Bharathiraja G. , Jayabal S. , Kalyana Sundaram S.
Published: July 2015

The present investigation is focused on the optimization of mechanical behaviors of hybrid bioparticle‐impregnated natural coir‐polyester composites using gradient‐based Intuitive Search Intelligence. The bioparticles, such as rice husk and red mud, were used as particle reinforcements along with natural green husk coir fibers–reinforced polyester matrix. The tensile, flexural, and impact tests were carried out on the prepared composite sheets as per ASTM standards. The statistical inference analysis was performed to study the effect of fiber length, fiber content, and particulate content on the mechanical behaviors of the composites. The correlation between fabrication parameters and mechanical behaviors was formed by using data‐based regression modeling in terms of polynomial expressions. The optimum values of mechanical behaviors were obtained by using a conventional optimization algorithm called the Reduced Gradient Method. After obtaining optimum results, the better value of mechanical behaviors was searched individually and simultaneously by means of Intuitive Search Intelligence. The effectiveness of the search was validated by using confirmation experiments on an obtained set of fabrication conditions. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:275–283, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermomechanical performance and high Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica/clay and poly(vinyl alcohol)/(fumed silica)/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Lai Josephine Chang Hui , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Hamdan Sinin , Hasan Mahbub , Kiew Liew Fui , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Hossen Md. Faruk
Published: July 2015

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica/clay (PVA‐si‐clay) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/(fumed silica)/clay (PVA‐fsi‐clay) nanocomposites were prepared via solution intercalation by exploiting phase separation based on the bridging of particles by polymer chains. Both nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, adsorption isotherm (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller model [BET]), X‐ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the PVA‐si‐clay (1.28E) nanocomposite had a much broader peak compared with other nanocomposites. The PVA‐si‐clay (1.28E) nanocomposite contained the highest percentage of silicon group compared with other nanocomposites. According to the results of the scanning electron microscopy, clay (1.28E) showed better compatibility with the PVA‐si matrix followed by clay (1.30E) with PVA‐fsi matrix. The results of the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller model showed PVA‐si‐clay (1.28E) and PVA‐fsi‐clay (1.30E) nanocomposites had a higher surface area and average pore volume with a smaller pore size. The hydroxyl‐functionalized PVA compatibilizer enhanced the mechanical properties as well as the thermal properties because of a higher level of interaction between the hydroxyl groups of PVA, the silanol groups of silica phase, and the modified clay. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 23:E119–E127, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Factors contributing to tiger losses in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, India
Authors: Singh Randeep , Krausman Paul R. , Goyal Surendra Prakash , Chauhan Netrapal Singh
Published: July 2015

Increasing habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of anthropogenic influences have been implicated as a major cause in declining wildlife populations. To mitigate the anthropogenic impacts, many countries have developed large reserves to protect important habitats. However, for large carnivores, such as the Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), reserves may not mitigate human‐caused mortality. We monitored a tiger population using cameras and intensive searches from 2005 to 2013 to evaluate the factors causing losses of tigers in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, western India. The tiger population in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve is an important source population and genetic pool in the western‐most distribution of tigers in India. Fourteen tigers died during the study period: 5 from human‐induced caused and 9 from other causes (natural, depredation hunts, and dispersal). We could not determine the fate of an additional 8 tigers. Continuous monitoring of tiger populations is required, to monitor the factors causing mortality and losses of individuals. Our results offer baseline information on tiger losses in the landscape, which can be used to assist future management and conservation strategies for tigers. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Order and disorder in intermediate filament proteins
Authors: Kornreich Micha , Avinery Ram , Malka-Gibor Eti , Laser-Azogui Adi , Beck Roy
Published: July 2015

Intermediate filaments (IFs), important components of the cytoskeleton, provide a versatile, tunable network of self‐assembled proteins. IF proteins contain three distinct domains: an α‐helical structured rod domain, flanked by intrinsically disordered head and tail domains. Recent studies demonstrated the functional importance of the disordered domains, which differ in length and amino‐acid sequence among the 70 different human IF genes. Here, we investigate the biophysical properties of the disordered domains, and review recent findings on the interactions between them. Our analysis highlights key components governing IF functional roles in the cytoskeleton, where the intrinsically disordered domains dictate protein–protein interactions, supramolecular assembly, and macro‐scale order.
CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases in T cell differentiation: Beyond immunosuppression
Authors: Bono María Rosa , Fernández Dominique , Flores-Santibáñez Felipe , Rosemblatt Mario , Sauma Daniela
Published: July 2015

Extracellular ATP is a danger signal released by dying and damaged cells, and it functions as an immunostimulatory signal that promotes inflammation. However, extracellular adenosine acts as an immunoregulatory signal that modulates the function of several cellular components of the adaptive and innate immune response. Consequently, the balance between ATP and adenosine concentration is crucial in immune homeostasis. CD39 and CD73 are two ectonucleotidases that cooperate in the generation of extracellular adenosine through ATP hydrolysis, thus tilting the balance towards immunosuppressive microenvironments. Extracellular adenosine can prevent activation, proliferation, cytokine production and cytotoxicity in T cells through the stimulation of the A2A receptor; however, recent evidence has shown that adenosine may also affect other processes in T‐cell biology. In this review, we discuss evidence that supports a role of CD73 and CD39 ectonucleotidases in controlling naive T‐cell homeostasis and memory cell survival through adenosine production. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis of a possible role of these ectonucleotidases and autocrine adenosine signaling in controlling T‐cell differentiation.
CLIP‐170 tethers kinetochores to microtubule plus ends against poleward force by dynein for stable kinetochore–microtubule attachment
Authors: Amin Mohammed Abdullahel , Kobayashi Kinue , Tanaka Kozo
Published: July 2015

The cytoplasmic linker protein (CLIP)‐170 localizes to kinetochores and is suggested to function in stable attachment of kinetochores to microtubule ends. Here we show that defects in kinetochore–microtubule attachment and chromosome alignment in CLIP‐170‐depleted cells were rescued by co‐depletion of p150glued, a dynactin subunit required for kinetochore localization of CLIP‐170. CLIP‐170 recruited p150glued to microtubule ends. Kinetochore localization at microtubule ends was perturbed by CLIP‐170 depletion, which was rescued by co‐depleting p150glued. Our results imply that CLIP‐170 tethers kinetochores to microtubule ends against the dynein‐mediated poleward force to slide kinetochores along microtubules, facilitating the stable kinetochore attachment to microtubules.
Correlation Between the Great East Japan Earthquake and Postpartum Depression: A Study in Miyako, Iwate, Japan
Authors: Nishigori Hidekazu , Sasaki Michiho , Obara Taku , Nishigori Toshie , Ishikuro Mami , Metoki Hirohito , Sugawara Junichi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Hosoyachi Akira , Yaegashi Nobuo , Kobayashi Takashi , Yoshizumi Noboru
Published: July 2015

Objective

This study aimed to explore the correlation between the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and postpartum depression among perinatal subjects in the Miyako region of Iwate, an area damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the percentages of women with scores ≥9 on the Japanese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) among 3 groups of women who gave birth prior to the disaster (before-disaster group: n=141), within 3 months after the disaster (within-3-months group: n=70), and 4-6 months after the disaster (4-6-months group: n=89) at the Iwate Prefectural Miyako Hospital. The risk factors for EPDS scores ≥9 were estimated with multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

Compared with the before-disaster group, a significantly greater number of women in the within-3-months group had EPDS scores ≥9 at hospital discharge (31.4% versus 9.9%, P<.0001), whereas women in the 4-6-months group did not (10.1% versus 9.9%, P=.96). In both the after-disaster groups, the destruction of their home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-9.26) and dissatisfaction with their living conditions (AOR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.20-7.59) were significantly associated with EPDS scores ≥9.

Conclusions

An increase in postpartum depression was observed after the Great East Japan Earthquake among perinatal women. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:307-312)
The Impact of Family Functioning and School Connectedness on Preadolescent Sense of Mastery
Authors: Murphy Emma L. , McKenzie Vicki L.
Published: July 2015

Families and schools are important environments that contribute to the resilience and positive development of preadolescent children. Sense of mastery, including its two central factors of optimism and self-efficacy, forms an important component of resilience during preadolescence (Prince-Embury, 2007). This study examined the interrelationships between family functioning, school connectedness, and sense of mastery in 75 children (46 girls and 29 boys) from a government school in Melbourne, Australia. Data was gathered from students aged 10 to 12 years through three self-report questionnaires. Negative perceptions of family functioning were significantly associated with the resilience factors of low sense of mastery, optimism, and self-efficacy. Higher school connectedness was significantly associated with greater sense of mastery, optimism, and self-efficacy. Additional evaluation revealed school connectedness to partially mediate the relationship between family functioning and sense of mastery. School connectedness appears to be a protective factor against the negative influence of poor family functioning. Findings highlight the important role of school connectedness in preadolescent resilience, as measured in terms of mastery, and suggest that interventions directed to enhance school connectedness are of value, particularly for children from poorly functioning families.
Dietary patterns for meals of Brazilian adults
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Roberta , Fisberg Regina Mara , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Troncoso Baltar Valéria
Published: July 2015

The use of dietary patterns (DP) in nutritional research is well established; however, only a few studies of DP according to specific meals have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to identify the DP regarding breakfast, lunch and dinner meals of the population (aged 20 years and older of both sexes) that participated in the Health Care Survey of Sao Paulo. Food intake was estimated by using the Multiple Source Method – considering two 24- h dietary recalls. On the basis of the food groups for each meal, a factor analysis, with a principal component estimation, was applied (varimax rotation) in order to derive the DP. Prevalences of meal skipping were 5·6 % for breakfast, 3·6 % for lunch and 12·8 % for dinner. The findings revealed three breakfast DP: healthy, traditional and snack; five lunch DP: traditional, salad, sweetened juice, Western and meats; and four dinner DP: coffee with milk and bread, transitional, traditional, and soup and fruits. The results of this study indicate that the DP identified in accordance with the meal nicely discriminates food intake, emphasising peculiarities that are not found in global analyses and might support dietary advice.
Quelle théorie de la justice pour l’épigénétique?
Authors: GUIBET LAFAYE CAROLINE
Published: July 2015

L’épigénétique dévoile les mécanismes biologiques sous-jacents à la reproduction, voire à la transmission des inégalités sociales de santé, et souligne la complexité des facteurs intervenant dans le développement de certaines pathologies. Cette complexité semble poser des difficultés inédites aux théories de la justice. Nous dessinons les contours d’une «justice épigénétique» en appréhendant d’abord les questions que l’épigénétique pose aux théories de la justice distributive. Le modèle de l’égalité des chances est-il le plus approprié pour saisir ces questions? Nous montrons que l’épigénétique ne peut être pensée qu’à partir d’un modèle de justice plurifactoriel. Selon la perspective adoptée (individuelle, populationnelle, intergénérationnelle), le principe de justice pertinent est distinct.
Institutionalizing Informality: The hawkers’ question in post-colonial Calcutta
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY RITAJYOTI
Published: July 2015

The history of mass political formation in post-colonial metropolitan India has generally been narrated through the optic of ‘competitive electoral mobilization’ of the ‘poor’. How then are we to explain cases of successful mobilization in the terrain of ‘political society’ when some population groups are yet to, or just beginning to, constitute themselves as ‘vote bank’ communities? This article invites us to look into the organizational dimensions of subaltern politics in contemporary urban India. It also prompts us to re-examine the relation between law and subaltern politics. In this light, the article presents some of the major findings of a larger historical anthropology project on the organized mobilization of footpath hawkers in Calcutta since the 1970s. It examines the ways in which the hawkers have acquired and aggregated crucial resources to sustain prolonged anti-eviction movements. In this connection, this article makes a critique of the Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014.
Design of CPW-fed tapered MIMO antenna for ISM band applications
Authors: Mathialagan Srimathi
Published: July 2015

In this paper, an implantable coplanar waveguide-fed tapered monopole antenna for industrial scientific and medical band (2.4–2.48 GHz) applications is proposed. This proposed design has an overall dimension of 44 × 44 × 0.5 mm3. The designed antenna is made compatible for implantation on human tissues such as skin, fat, or muscles by embedding it on the RT Duroid substrate and the 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 6.12% ranging from 2.35 to 2.5 GHz. This proposed antenna can be significantly used in implantable medical devices and radio frequency (RF), because of its merits such as conformability, flexibility in design and shape, biocompatibility, patient safety, miniaturization, power consumption, etc.
Assessing Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Ge Jingjie , Wu Ping , Peng Shichun , Yu Huan , Zhang Huiwei , Guan Yihui , Eidelberg David , Zuo Chuantao , Ma Yilong , Wang Jian
Published: July 2015

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a risk marker for subsequent development of neurodegenerative parkinsonism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether regional cerebral metabolism is altered in patients with RBD and whether regional metabolic activities are associated with clinical measurements in individual patients. Twenty-one patients with polysomnogram-confirmed RBD and 21 age-matched healthy controls were recruited to undertake positron emission tomography imaging with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Differences in normalized regional metabolism and correlations between metabolic activity and clinical indices in RBD patients were evaluated on a voxel basis using statistic parametric mapping analysis. Compared with controls, patients with RBD showed increased metabolism in the hippocampus/parahippocampus, cingulate, supplementary motor area, and pons, but decreased metabolism in the occipital cortex/lingual gyrus ( P < 0.001). RBD duration correlated with metabolism positively in the anterior vermis ( r=0.55, P = 0.01), but negatively in the medial frontal gyrus ( r=-0.59, P = 0.005). In addition, chin electromyographic activity presented a positive metabolic correlation in the hippocampus/parahippocampus ( r=0.48, P = 0.02), but a negative metabolic correlation in the posterior cingulate ( r=-0.61, P = 0.002). This study has suggested that region-specific metabolic abnormalities exist in RBD patients and regional metabolic activities are associated with clinical measures such as RBD duration and chin electromyographic activity.
Deep and high-resolution three-dimensional tracking of single particles using nonlinear and multiplexed illumination
Authors: Perillo Evan P. , Liu Yen-Liang , Huynh Khang , Liu Cong , Chou Chao-Kai , Hung Mien-Chie , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Dunn Andrew K.
Published: July 2015

Molecular trafficking within cells, tissues and engineered three-dimensional multicellular models is critical to the understanding of the development and treatment of various diseases including cancer. However, current tracking methods are either confined to two dimensions or limited to an interrogation depth of ∼15 μm. Here we present a three-dimensional tracking method capable of quantifying rapid molecular transport dynamics in highly scattering environments at depths up to 200 μm. The system has a response time of 1 ms with a temporal resolution down to 50 μs in high signal-to-noise conditions, and a spatial localization precision as good as 35 nm. Built on spatiotemporally multiplexed two-photon excitation, this approach requires only one detector for three-dimensional particle tracking and allows for two-photon, multicolour imaging. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional tracking of epidermal growth factor receptor complexes at a depth of ∼100 μm in tumour spheroids.