bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maslinic Acid Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Li Qi , Li Zhuqing , Liu Chunlei , Xu Mengping , Li Tingting , Wang Yanxin , Feng Jiaxin , Yin Xuemei , Du Xiaoyu , Lu Chengzhi
Published: March 2023

Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene obtained from the peel of olives that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in several conditions. Our previous study revealed that MA exerted a cardioprotective effect by repressing inflammation and apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, data regarding the antioxidative effects of MA on MIRI remains limited. This study aims to elucidate the antioxidative roles and underlying mechanisms of MA on MIRI. The left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was subjected to ligate for the induction of the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and the H9c2 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress. The results showed that MA reduced the I/R-induced myocardial injury and H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte death in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MA increased the activities of glutathione and superoxide dismutase both in vitro and in vivo while lowering the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Mechanistically, MA could facilitate Nrf2 nuclear translocation, activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and repress the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway both in I/R- and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Besides, MA promoted the intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, which could in part be improved by QNZ (NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitor) in H2O2-insulted cells. Conversely, MA markedly reduced the intranuclear NF-[Formula: see text]B p65 and TNF-[Formula: see text] expression, which could be partially abolished by ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). Overall, our results indicate that MA, in a dose-dependent manner, mitigated I/R-induced myocardial injury and oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NF-[Formula: see text]B activation. Furthermore, MA exerts its cardioprotective effect through regulating the crosstalk between the Nrf2 and NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways.
Topological charge transfer in microwave-driven quantum systems
Authors: Mehdinejad Ali
Published: March 2023

In this study, a four-level microwave-driven system is proposed for the transfer of the topological charge from an optical vortex light to a freshly created signal light. By adjusting the microwave field’s intensity, we first investigated the exchange efficiency of the created light. We talked about the exchange efficiency versus the propagation distance and the probe detuning, respectively. We came to the conclusion that the microwave light’s strong value makes it possible to achieve significant exchange efficiencies. Next, we talked about how the created light’s absorption and dispersion spectra varied depending on azimuth. We discovered that altering the azimuthal angle of the vortex light allows the absorption curve to be transformed into the gain spectrum. Additionally, we demonstrated how altering the azimuthal angle might alter the dispersion’s slope. Topological charge of the vortex light has also been used to explain the spatially dependent absorption spectrum of the generated light. We’ve discussed the spatial dependence of the intensity and phase distributions of the created light in the conclusion. We have established that the topological charge can be exchanged very effectively from optical vortex light to newly produced light.
A meshless multiquadric quasi-interpolation method for time fractional Black–Scholes model
Authors: Pan Gaoyongqi , Zhang Shengliang
Published: March 2023

Based on multiquadric quasi-interpolation, this study presents a meshless numerical method for time fractional Black–Scholes (B–S) model. The method is highly accurate and flexible. The stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are discussed in detail. Numerical results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
M4 muscarinic receptors mediate acetylcholine-induced suppressant effects on the cough reflex in the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii of the rabbit
Authors: Cinelli Elenia , Iovino Ludovica , Bongianni Fulvia , Pantaleo Tito , Lavorini Federico , Mannini Claudia , Mutolo Donatella
Published: March 2023

It has been shown that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) located within the caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) mediate a cholinergic inhibitory control mechanism of the cough reflex. Thus, identification of the involved mAChR subtypes could be of considerable interest for novel therapeutic strategies. In pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized, spontaneously breathing rabbits we investigated the contribution of different mAChR subtypes in the modulation of mechanically and chemically induced cough reflex. Bilateral microinjections of 1 mM muscarine into the cNTS increased respiratory frequency and decreased expiratory activity even to complete suppression. Interestingly, muscarine induced strong cough-suppressant effects up to the complete abolition of the reflex. Microinjections of specific mAChR subtype antagonists (M1–M5) into the cNTS were performed. Only microinjections of the M4 antagonist tropicamide (1 mM) prevented muscarine-induced changes in both respiratory activity and cough reflex. The results are discussed in light of the notion that cough involves the activation of the nociceptive system. They also suggest that M4 receptor agonists may have an important role in cough downregulation within the cNTS.
A Case Series on Pregnant Patients with Mild Covid-19 Infection and Signs of Severe Placental Insufficiency
Authors: Ivert A. , Lindblad Wollmann C. , Pettersson K.
Published: March 2023

In this case series, we present five cases of pregnant women who sought medical attention for reduced fetal movements with an ongoing mild maternal Covid-19 infection at a Stockholm hospital in Spring of 2021. At the time of admission, the patients were in gestational week between

24
+
0

and

33
+
5

. Abdominal ultrasound at the hospital showed no fetal movements, and cardiotocography (CTG) was pathological. All women delivered via cesarean section within 24 hours after admission. Placental pathology in all cases showed massive perivillous fibrin deposition and extensive histiocytic intervillositis. All placentas were Covid-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive. The infants were Covid-19 PCR negative. Consistent with other published case reports, we hypothesize that Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the placenta resulting in massive perivillous fibrin deposition and histiocytic intervillositis leading to acute placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia. The absence of intrauterine growth restriction also augments the theory of an acute onset of placental insufficiency due to the Covid-19 infection.
GC-MS Phytochemical Profiling, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Activities of Khaya senegalensis Stem Bark and Azadirachta indica Leaves Extracts in Rats
Authors: Ahmed Rania Mustafa , Khalid Asaad , Mohan Syam , Yagi Sakina , Saad Hasseba Ahmed , Bayoumi Nada Kamal , Ali Amna , El-Sharkawy Karam Ahmed , Alhazmi Hassan A. , Albratty Mohammed , Javed Sadique A. , Sultana Shahnaz , Meraya Abdulkarim M.
Published: March 2023

This study was performed to evaluate phytochemical composition of Khaya senegalensis stem bark and Azadirachta indica leaf hydroethanolic (80%) extracts using GC-MS technique as a tentative identification method and screen for antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg·bw). Animals were divided into groups of six and treated by extracts (400 mg/kg·bw) for 28 days. The results compared with positive and negative control groups of animals. After treatment, blood samples were collected to determine the blood glucose level, lipid profile, liver and kidney function markers, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was evaluated. Phytochemical investigations revealed that extracts were enriched with a wide range of secondary metabolites such as phenols, saponins, triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, fatty acids, siloxane derivatives, and anthraquinones in diverse concentrations with reported antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Biological screening results indicated that both extracts exhibited free-radical scavenging property in DPPH screening, and in that, K. senegalensis stem bark extract (91 ± 0.02%) showed greater reduction than A. indica leaf extract (55 ± 0.03%), with an IC50 of 0.023 ± 0.03 g/mL, which was lower than the reference drug propylgallate (0.077 ± 0.03 g/mL). Both the extracts remarkably reduced the blood glucose concentration in diabetic rats (

p
<
0.05

). However, A. indica leaf extract showed greater reduction (52%) than K. senegalensis stem bark extract (37%). Similarly, the cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased significantly (

p
<
0.05

), in comparison to diabetic control animals. However, the concentrations of HDL slightly increased. Overall, both extracts showed significant antidiabetic and antioxidant potential in diabetic rats. As oxidative stress is associated with the hyperglycemia, the antioxidant activity displayed by the extracts will provide additional benefits in the antidiabetic therapy.
Convergence Analysis of Multiblock Inertial ADMM for Nonconvex Consensus Problem
Authors: Liu Yang , Dang Yazheng
Published: March 2023

The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is one of the most powerful and successful methods for solving various nonconvex consensus problem. The convergence of the conventional ADMM (i.e., 2-block) for convex objective functions has been stated for a long time. As an accelerated technique, the inertial effect was used by many authors to solve 2-block convex optimization problem. This paper combines the ADMM and the inertial effect to construct an inertial alternating direction method of multipliers (IADMM) to solve the multiblock nonconvex consensus problem and shows the convergence under some suitable conditions. Simulation experiment verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Data Analysis of Ceramic Material Color Matching Collection Points in Furniture Design Based on the Image Difference Prediction Model
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Li Yalan
Published: March 2023

The manufacturing process of ceramic materials and exquisite patterns is not simply artistic acts. At the same time, it condensed the excellent traditional culture of ancient China. The application of ceramic materials in modern furniture can not only enhance the taste of living room culture but also show the charm of China’s ceramic culture. Objective. To optimize the scientific data model required by traditional ceramic materials. On the basis of image difference prediction calculation, the data of ceramic material color matching collection points were analyzed and processed, and the image difference prediction model was established. This paper introduces the application and development of ceramic materials in furniture industry. On the basis of the traditional image difference prediction algorithm, the consideration of image difference and difference prediction expansion is added, and the image difference prediction calculation model of ceramic material color matching is established. The survey results show that 83% of customers are very satisfied with the color matching of new ceramic materials calculated by image difference prediction. This experiment uses image difference prediction model to remove the redundant pixels of ceramic material color and make multiple judgments on color display. According to the initial color data of the collection points, this experiment finally obtained a new combination color matching of ceramic wardrobe, which is more suitable for the “minimalist” and “quiet” styles.
Docking and Molecular Dynamics Identify Leads against 5 Alpha Reductase 2 for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Treatment
Authors: Saah Selina A. , Sakyi Patrick O. , Adu-Poku David , Boadi Nathaniel O. , Djan Gideon , Amponsah Desmond , Devine Robert N. O. A. , Ayittey Kojo
Published: March 2023

Steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2 (5αR-2) is a membrane-embedded protein that together with other isoforms plays a key role in the metabolism of steroids. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of testosterone to the more potent ligand, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate. Androgens, testosterone, and DHT play important roles in prostate growth, development, and function. At the same time, both testosterone and DHT have been implicated in the pathogenesis of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Inhibition of the DHT formation, therefore, provides a therapeutic strategy that offers the possibility of preventing, delaying, or treating BPH. Currently, two steroidal drugs that inhibit 5αR-2, dutasteride and finasteride, have been approved for clinical use. These two come at a high cost and also portray undesirable sexual side effects which necessitate the need to find new chemotherapeutic alternatives for the disease. Based on the aforementioned, finasteride and dutasteride were subjected to scaffold hopping, fragment-based de novo design, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations employing databases like ChEMBL, DrugBank, PubChem, ChemSpider, and Zinc15 in the identification of potential hits targeting 5αR-2. Altogether, ten novel compounds targeting 5αR-2 were identified with binding energies lower or comparable to finasteride and dutasteride, the main inhibitors for this target. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies identify amino acid residues Glu57, Phe219, Phe223, and Leu224 to be critical for ligand binding and complex stability. The physicochemical and pharmacological profiling suggests the potential of the hit compounds to be drug-like and orally active. Similarly, the quality parameter assessments revealed the hits possess LELP greater than 3 implying their promise as lead-like molecules. The compounds A5, A9, and A10 were, respectively, predicted to treat prostate disorders with Pa (0.188, 0.361, and 0.270) and Pi (0.176, 0.050, and 0.093), while A8 and A9 were found to be associated with BPH treatment with Pa (0.09 and 0.127) and Pi (0.077 and 0.033), respectively. Structural similarity searches via DrugBank identified the drugs faropenem, acemetacin, estradiol valerate, and yohimbine to be useful for BPH treatment suggesting the de novo designed ligands as potential chemotherapeutic agents for treating this disease.
Bifunctional Catalysts with Morphology-Controllable Iron Sulfide Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Xinting , Li Fucheng , Li Qiang , Li Haidong , Ji Zhe
Published: March 2023

Engineering the morphology of naturally abundant transition metal sulfides is an effective strategy to improve their electrocatalytic activity. In this work, lumpy-, coral-, and flower-like Fe0.95S1.05 catalysts were successfully prepared using a one-pot solvothermal method through the decomposition of iron thiolato carbonyl complexes (Fe2S2(CO)6) in different solvents. Then, the structural and morphological characteristics of the nanomaterials were comprehensively investigated by a series of state-of-the-art techniques. The results showed that the formed flower-like Fe0.95S1.05 nanosheets had a high surface area of 63.7 m2 g−1 and a low contact angle of 15.4°, and a greater number of d orbitals of Fe2+ and Fe3+ overlapped on the surface. Correspondingly, this catalyst exhibited enhanced oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction activities with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 280 and 345 mV, respectively, and these values were lower than those of lumpy- and coral-like Fe0.95S1.05. When flower-like Fe0.95S1.05 was assembled as the anode and cathode catalysts, overall water splitting efficiency was achieved at 1.68 V at 10 mA cm−2. This study provides a simple and low-cost approach for preparing efficient pyrrhotite FeS-based electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Data from Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte Profiling Identifies IgG-Biased, Clonally Expanded Prognostic Phenotypes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Harris Robert J. , Cheung Anthony , Ng Joseph C.F. , Laddach Roman , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Crescioli Silvia , Fittall Matthew , Dominguez-Rodriguez Diana , Roberts James , Levi Dina , Liu Fangfang , Alberts Elena , Quist Jelmar , Santaolalla Aida , Pinder Sarah E. , Gillett Cheryl , Hammar Niklas , Irshad Sheeba , Van Hemelrijck Mieke , Dunn-Walters Deborah K. , Fraternali Franca , Spicer James F. , Lacy Katie E. , Tsoka Sophia , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew N.J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In breast cancer, humoral immune responses may contribute to clinical outcomes, especially in more immunogenic subtypes. Here, we investigated B lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin expression, and clonal features in breast tumors, focusing on aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). In samples from patients with TNBC and healthy volunteers, circulating and tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-B) were evaluated. CD20+CD27+IgD− isotype-switched B lymphocytes were increased in tumors, compared with matched blood. TIL-B frequently formed stromal clusters with T lymphocytes and engaged in bidirectional functional cross-talk, consistent with gene signatures associated with lymphoid assembly, costimulation, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, cytotoxic T-cell activation, and T-cell–dependent B-cell activation. TIL-B–upregulated B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway molecules FOS and JUN, germinal center chemokine regulator RGS1, activation marker CD69, and TNFα signal transduction via NFκB, suggesting BCR–immune complex formation. Expression of genes associated with B lymphocyte recruitment and lymphoid assembly, including CXCL13, CXCR4, and DC-LAMP, was elevated in TNBC compared with other subtypes and normal breast. TIL-B–rich tumors showed expansion of IgG but not IgA isotypes, and IgG isotype switching positively associated with survival outcomes in TNBC. Clonal expansion was biased toward IgG, showing expansive clonal families with specific variable region gene combinations and narrow repertoires. Stronger positive selection pressure was present in the complementarity determining regions of IgG compared with their clonally related IgA in tumor samples. Overall, class-switched B lymphocyte lineage traits were conspicuous in TNBC, associated with improved clinical outcomes, and conferred IgG-biased, clonally expanded, and likely antigen-driven humoral responses.
Significance:
Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes assemble in clusters, undergoing B-cell receptor–driven activation, proliferation, and isotype switching. Clonally expanded, IgG isotype-biased humoral immunity associates with favorable prognosis primarily in triple-negative breast cancers.
Breaking Up Isn't Hard to Do: Isolating Cell-free DNA Fragments in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Weiser Daniel A. , Hayashi Masanori , Applebaum Mark A.
Published: March 2023

The novel use of blood-based biospecimens from a retrospective cohort of 50 patients with osteosarcoma was recently studied. The potential clinical utility of sorting cell-free DNA by fragment size was defined, with shorter tumor-specific DNA enrichment providing prognostic value and allowing for streamlined molecular profiling of circulating tumor material.

See related article by Udomruk et al., p. 2085
Reallocating Cervical Cancer Preventive Service Spending from Low- to High-Value Clinical Scenarios
Authors: Rockwell Michelle S. , Armbruster Shannon D. , Capucao Jillian C. , Russell Kyle B. , Rockwell John A. , Perkins Karen E. , Huffstetler Alison N. , Mafi John N. , Fendrick A. Mark
Published: March 2023

Timely follow-up care after an abnormal cervical cancer screening test result is critical to the prevention and early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The current inadequate and inequitable delivery of these potentially life-saving services is attributed to several factors, including patient out-of-pocket costs. Waiving of consumer cost-sharing for follow-up testing (e.g., colposcopy and related cervical services) is likely to improve access and uptake, especially among underserved populations. One approach to defray the incremental costs of providing more generous coverage for follow-up testing is reducing expenditures on “low-value” cervical cancer screening services. To explore the potential fiscal implications of a policy that redirects cervical cancer screening resources from potentially low- to high-value clinical scenarios, we analyzed 2019 claims from the Virginia All-Payer Claims Database to quantify (i) total spending on low-value cervical cancer screening and (ii) out-of-pocket costs associated with colposcopy and related cervical services among commercially insured Virginians. In a cohort of 1,806,921 female patients (ages 48.1 ± 24.8 years), 295,193 claims for cervical cancer screening were reported, 100,567 (34.0%) of which were determined to be low-value ($4,394,361 total; $4,172,777 for payers and $221,584 out-of-pocket [$2/patient]). Claims for 52,369 colposcopy and related cervical services were reported ($40,994,016 total; $33,457,518 for payers and $7,536,498 out-of-pocket [$144/patient]). These findings suggest that reallocating savings incurred from unnecessary spending to fund more generous coverage of necessary follow-up care is a feasible approach to enhancing cervical cancer prevention equity and outcomes.

Prevention Relevance:

Out-of-pocket fees are a barrier to follow-up care after an abnormal cervical cancer screening test. Among commercially insured Virginians, out-of-pocket costs for follow-up services averaged $144/patient; 34% of cervical cancer screenings were classified as low value. Reallocating low-value cervical cancer screening expenditures to enhance coverage for follow-up care can improve screening outcomes.

See related Spotlight, p. 363
Case Report of AdAPT-001-Mediated Sensitization to a Previously Failed Checkpoint Inhibitor in a Metastatic Chordoma Patient
Authors: Kesari Santosh , Williams Jeannie , Burbano Erica , Stirn Meaghan , Caroen Scott , Oronsky Bryan , Reid Tony , Larson Chris
Published: March 2023

Chordoma is a rare, but aggressive bone tumor with a high recurrence rate that primarily arises at the cranial and caudal ends of the axial skeleton. Systemic chemotherapies are not effective against the tumor, and outside of surgical resection and radiation, no approved options are available. Prognosis depends on the extent of surgical resection, with the more the better, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Herein is presented the first-ever case of a recurrent chordoma patient that responded to the combination of one dose of an experimental TGF-beta trap carrying oncolytic adenovirus, known as AdAPT-001, followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, despite prior progression on an anti-PD-1. This case report highlights the potential of AdAPT-001 as a treatment modality in combination with checkpoint inhibition for recurrent chordoma.
Artificial intelligence based prediction on lung cancer risk factors using deep learning
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Adewunmi Mary
Published: March 2023

In this proposed work, we identified the significant research issues on lung cancer risk factors. Capturing and defining symptoms at an early stage is one of the most difficult phases for patients. Based on the history of patients records, we reviewed a number of current research studies on lung cancer and its various stages. We identified that lung cancer is one of the significant research issues in predicting the early stages of cancer disease. This research aimed to develop a model that can detect lung cancer with a remarkably high level of accuracy using the deep learning approach (convolution neural network). This method considers and resolves significant gaps in previous studies. We compare the accuracy levels and loss values of our model with VGG16, InceptionV3, and Resnet50. We found that our model achieved an accuracy of 94% and a minimum loss of 0.1%. Hence physicians can use our convolution neural network models for predicting lung cancer risk factors in the real world. Moreover, this investigation reveals that squamous cell carcinoma, normal, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are the most significant risk factors. In addition, the remaining attributes are also crucial for achieving the best performance.
Reparos à nomenclatura de alguns escolo- Pendrídeos descritos pelo Dr. Wolfang Bücherl
Authors: Lane Frederico
Published: March 2023

.
Bilinguismo luso-alemão: introdução ao dossiê temático
Authors: Limberger Bernardo Kolling , Rinke Esther , Flores Cristina Maria Moreira
Published: March 2023

Bilinguismo luso-alemão: introdução ao dossiê temático
Construindo entendimentos de língua para o exame de proficiência em alemão em um contexto de migração suábia no Brasil
Authors: Vecchia Adriana Dalla , Jung Neiva Maria
Published: March 2023

Nosso foco são práticas em que professores e estudantes se engajam em um trabalho de elaboração de entendimentos para a prova de proficiência em alemão. O objetivo é discutir como o conceito de língua alemã padrão é elaborado por estudantes e professores que participam das aulas de Língua Alemã no 1.º e 3.º anos. Os dados foram gerados em uma turma de 3.º ano e de 1.º ano por Dalla Vecchia em 2015, por meio de uma etnografia da linguagem (Garcez; Schulz 2015) situada teórica e metodologicamente no escopo da Linguística Aplicada em articulação com construtos epistemológicos da Sociolinguística e da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica. Como resultados, apresentamos que, para além de a translinguagem estar a serviço da participação e está resultar em elaboração de entendimentos e avanço nas tarefas e compreensão do que constitui a prova de proficiência em alemão, os interagentes lançam mão de seu repertório linguístico e semiótico, para compreenderem o que é aceitável ou não na prova de proficiência. São práticas em que tensões emergem, para as quais eles trazem capital cultural em suábio e capital econômico que os posiciona em termos de reconhecer o alemão padrão como uma habilidade interessante para acrescentar ao seu currículo.
Es ist am regnen – Es tut regnen: investigação do processo de replicação funcional no Hunsrückisch como fenômeno linguístico-contatual
Authors: Pavan Claudia Fernanda Wolff
Published: March 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados iniciais da possível influência da perífrase estar+gerúndio, do português, sobre a realização da progressividade no Hunsrückisch. Embora os processos de mudança e variação linguística não se limitem àqueles causados por situações de contato linguístico, este estudo enfoca processos motivados, pelo menos em parte, pelo contato linguístico, em particular, o processo de realização da progressividade. Ao mesmo tempo, pretende-se proporcionar um panorama das construções mais utilizadas pelos falantes de Hunsrückisch contemporâneo no Brasil para a realização da progressividade nessa variedade linguística: o tun-progressivo e o am-progressivo, argumentando a favor da hipótese de que o uso mais frequente dessas construções tem, entre suas motivações, o contato linguístico com o português local bem como a situação de bilinguismo decorrente desse contato e a possível influência da perífrase estar+gerúndio – que teria suas funções replicadas pelos falantes dessa variedade dialetal da língua alemã. Essa replicação de funções sintáticas pode ser explicada através do processo de replicação funcional, baseado no conceito de construções-réplica (Replika-Konstruktionen) proposto por Heine & Kuteva (2005) e no processo de pattern replication, proposto por Matras (2020). Para verificar essa hipótese, parte-se da análise do uso atual do tun-progressivo e do am-progressivo por falantes de Hunsrückisch bem como da análise do uso dessas construções em cartas pessoais escritas por imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes nos séculos XIX e XX, a partir de dados orais e escritos do projeto ALMA-H e do subprojeto ALMA-Histórico. Este artigo representa, assim, uma contribuição para os estudos do plurilinguismo e dos contatos linguísticos no âmbito do projeto ALMA-H.
Long-Term Effect of Weight Regain Following Behavioral Weight Management Programs on Cardiometabolic Disease Incidence and Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hartmann-Boyce Jamie , Theodoulou Annika , Oke Jason L. , Butler Ailsa R. , Bastounis Anastasios , Dunnigan Anna , Byadya Rimu , Cobiac Linda J. , Scarborough Peter , Hobbs F.D. Richard , Sniehotta Falko F. , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul
Published: March 2023

Background:

Behavioral weight management programs (BWMPs) enhance weight loss in the short term, but longer term cardiometabolic effects are uncertain as weight is commonly regained. We assessed the impact of weight regain after BWMPs on cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

Trial registries, 11 databases, and forward-citation searching (latest search, December 19) were used to identify articles published in English, from any geographical region. Randomized trials of BWMPs in adults with overweight/obesity reporting cardiometabolic outcomes at ≥12 months at and after program end were included. Differences between more intensive interventions and comparator groups were synthesized using mixed-effects, meta-regression, and time-to-event models to assess the impact of weight regain on cardiovascular disease incidence and risk.

Results:

One hundred twenty-four trials reporting on ≥1 cardiometabolic outcomes with a median follow-up of 28 (range, 11–360) months after program end were included. Median baseline participant body mass index was 33 kg/m
2
; median age was 51 years. Eight and 15 study arms (7889 and 4202 participants, respectively) examined the incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, respectively, with imprecise evidence of a lower incidence for at least 5 years. Weight regain in BWMPs relative to comparators reduced these differences. One and 5 years after program end, total cholesterol/HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio was 1.5 points lower at both times (82 studies; 19 003 participants), systolic blood pressure was 1.5 mm mercury and 0.4 mm lower (84 studies; 30 836 participants), and HbA1c (%) 0.38 lower at both times (94 studies; 28 083 participants). Of the included studies, 22% were judged at high risk of bias; removing these did not meaningfully change results.

Conclusions:

Despite weight regain, BWMPs reduce cardiometabolic risk factors with effects lasting at least 5 years after program end and dwindling with weight regain. Evidence that they reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes is less certain. Few studies followed participants for ≥5 years.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42018105744.
Association of Accelerometer‐Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Ischemic Stroke: The Women's Health Study
Authors: Peter‐Marske Kennedy M. , Evenson Kelly R. , Moore Christopher C. , Cuthbertson Carmen C. , Howard Annie Green , Shiroma Eric J. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min
Published: March 2023

Background

Few studies have investigated associations of acclerometer‐based assessments of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its components. This prospective cohort study assessed the associations of accelerometer‐measured PA and SB with total CVD, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods and Results

The authors included 16 031 women aged 62 years and older, free of CVD, with adherent accelerometer wear (≥10 hours/day for ≥4 days) from the Women's Health Study (mean age, 71.4 years [SD, 5.6 years]). Hip‐worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers measured total volume of PA (total average daily vector magnitude), minutes per day of high‐light PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and SB. Women reported diagnoses of CVD, which were adjudicated using medical records and death certificates. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for each exposure, and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for accelerometer wear time, age, self‐reported general health, postmenopausal hormone therapy, smoking status, and alcohol use. The hypothetical effect of replacing 10 minutes/day of SB or high‐light PA with MVPA on CVD incidence was assessed using adjusted isotemporal substitution Cox models. Over a mean of 7.1 years (SD, 1.6 years) of follow‐up, 482 total CVD cases, 107 myocardial infarction cases, and 181 IS cases were diagnosed. Compared with the lowest quartiles of total average daily vector magnitude and MVPA (≤60 minutes), women who were in the highest quartiles (>120 minutes of MVPA) had a 43% (95% CI, 24%–58%) and 38% (95% CI, 18%–54%) lower hazard of total CVD, respectively. Estimates were similar for total average daily vector magnitude and MVPA with IS, but PA was not associated with myocardial infarction overall. High‐light PA was not associated with any CVD outcomes. Women who spent <7.4 hours sedentary per day had a 33% (95% CI, 11%–49%) lower hazard of total CVD compared with those who spent ≥9.5 hours sedentary. Replacing 10 minutes of SB with MVPA was associated with a 4% lower incidence of total CVD (HR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93–0.99]).

Conclusions

Accelerometer‐assessed total PA and MVPA were inversely associated with total CVD and IS incidence, and SB was directly associated with total CVD; high‐light PA was not related to CVD.
Association Between the Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Among Patients With Hypertension—A Post Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT Trial
Authors: Wang Zhiyan , Wang Qinshi , Pei Junyu , Wang Xiaopu , Li Yanan , Yan Jiafu , Du Xin
Published: March 2023

Background

Frailty and cognitive impairment are common in the elderly, with various shared risk factors like hypertension. Frailty is a marker for future cognitive function. Moreover, whether intensive blood pressure interacted with frailty and cognitive impairment is unknown.

Methods and Results

We performed a post hoc analysis of data from SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). The relationship between frailty and a composite of probable dementia (PD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was analyzed. Also, we evaluated the interaction of intensive blood pressure lowering in the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment. A total of 8537 patients were included in our study, and 35.1% were women. The mean age of these participants was 67.9±9.3 years. According to the baseline frailty index, 1670, 4637, and 2230 patients were in fit, less fit, and frail statuses, respectively. During a mean follow‐up of 4.61 years, 871 cases of PD or MCI occurred. Compared with those in fit status, those with less fit (hazard ratio [HR], 2.14 [95% CI, 1.65–2.77]) and frailty (HR, 4.28 [95% CI, 3.26–5.61]) status had a higher incidence of a composite of PD and MCI. Blood pressure control strategy interacted with the correlation between frailty and cognitive impairment. Intensive blood pressure control (HR, 2.4 [95% CI, 2.0–2.8]) accelerated the relationship between frailty and incidence of PD and MCI compared with the standard treatment group (HR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.5–2.1];
P
for interaction=0.009).

Conclusions

This study found that the baseline frailty status was a possible marker for the incidence of a composite of PD and MCI. Intensive blood pressure control may strengthen this correlation.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Havayolu Endüstrisinde Pazar Yapısı ve Rekabet: Gelişmekte Olan ve Gelişmiş Ekonomilerden Kanıtlar
Authors: YAŞAR Mehmet , KAYHAN Selçuk , KİRACI Kasım
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı havayolu pazarlarında piyasa yapısının analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ekonomilerde 2011-2020 dönemi için havayolu endüstrisinde pazar yapıları incelenmiştir. Ek olarak, Covid-19 salgınının havayolu piyasa yapısında meydana getirdiği bozulma da çalışmada incelenen unsurlar arasındadır. Çalışmada CR4, CR8 ve Herfindahl-Hirschman endeksi olmak üzere farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre Covid-19’un yayılımının havayolu işletmelerini oldukça etkilediği ve bazı ülkelerde piyasa yapılarının değişmeye başladığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca, rekabet düzeyi ve piyasa yapısılarının ülkeler arasında farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür. Covid-19 nedeniyle ortaya çıkan bu durum, bazı ülkelerde daha yoğun pazarları öne çıkarırken bazı ülkelerde daha rekabetçi piyasaları gündeme getirmektedir.
An Exploratory Empirical Outlook on the Authority of Annex VII Arbitral Tribunals
Authors: Lando Massimo
Published: March 2023

This article studies perceptions of the authority of arbitral tribunals constituted under Annex VII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Authority is understood as co-extensive with the notion of legitimacy. The focus here is not on normative legitimacy, the doctrinal study of which can only take one so far in understanding matters of authority. Instead, empirical research methods are used to study the perceived authority of Annex VII arbitral tribunals within the relevant constituency, known as sociological legitimacy. The findings are those of an exploratory study, considering that the data was collected from a small group of individuals. Further research could focus on collecting the same or similar data from a larger group, so as to obtain a more nuanced outlook on the authority of Annex VII arbitral tribunals.
City Governments as Political Actors of Global Governance
Authors: Martinez Ricardo
Published: March 2023

The transnational rise of city networks is increasingly associated with the emergence of hybrid configurations beyond the public sector that contribute to technocratic decisionmaking processes and the depoliticization of global governance. This article takes issue with this argument. By analyzing the legitimation strategy used by the global city network United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) vis-à-vis the UN system, the article contends that city networks can generate collective agency and frame political issues as a matter of public accountability. The cities gathered under UCLG, a “public membership” city network, are offering their political constitution to the multilateral system, thus complementing rather than replacing the political agency of state-centric processes. Yet the state-centric nature of the international system is also the main obstacle on the (winding) road of UCLG toward multilateral recognition.
Le chaos pré-cosmique dans le Timée
Authors: Pitteloud Luca
Published: March 2023

In this article, we provide an analysis of the description of the pre-cosmic chaos and the function of this description within the context of the theory of participation which can be reconstructed in Plato’s Timaeus. More specifically, we will assume that the pre-cosmic chaos represents a counterfactual situation in which the universe is conceived without the action of the intelligible. This counterfactual state will be considered as an initial sequence allowing to visualize in a quasi-spatial way how the phenomenon of participation operates. We will give a detailed analysis of the passage (52d4-53b7) in order to integrate it as a sequence of what we will call the anatomy of participation. In our study, two more questions will be examined: i) the representation of the sensible without the intelligible in Plato’s works (Timaeus, Statesman, Philebus, Parmenides) and ii) the role of world soul as a possible cause of all movements in the universe (Timaeus and Laws).
The Senses of Apeiron in Philebus 16b–27c
Authors: Smith Colin C.
Published: March 2023

Scholars debate whether ‘apeiron’ (unlimited) is univocal or multivocal in Plato’s Philebus. Offering a ‘middle path,’ I argue that the term is univocal, but used with respect to two senses of unlimited continua. The term appears early in two dense passages on ontological structure: the descriptions of the ‘god-given method’ (16b–18d) and ‘the fourfold division of beings’ (23c–27c). I consider each passage and argue that they respectively concern the eidetic continua of being that the knower comes to understand and the fluxing continua of opposed and co-constitutive bodily elements from which spatiotemporal objects derive their natures. They also indicate two major influences on Plato, respectively the Pythagorean and Heraclitean as recorded in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, and I draw on these resources to develop my account. I conclude by considering some important Platonic lessons that we learn from thinking through this distinction between the related senses of the unlimited.
Roof Constructions in Austria — An Overview
Authors: Nemestothy Sebastian , Wächter Elisabeth , Buchinger Günther , Grabner Michael
Published: March 2023

The tree-ring lab at BOKU University, Vienna, Austria has been sampling and dating by means of dendrochronology in the eastern part of Austria since 1996. Among other objects, the roof constructions of 982 historical buildings were analysed, resulting in 13 916 samples. The time span extends from the oldest roof truss at a church in Salzburg, dated to 1135, to the youngest in Vienna, dated to 1997. The aim of present paper is to provide an overview of the findings on historical roof constructions in Austria based on data collected over the last 27 years. Out of the total sample elements, 69.0% were made out of Norway spruce, followed by silver fir with 19.6%. All other species played a minor role: pine (5.0%), larch (3.6%), oak (2.7%), followed by a few elements made of stone pine, elm, beech, and poplar. The proportion of wood species reflects the significant influence of alpine regions. Within the city of Vienna, where all building timber was rafted, the amount of spruce wood is 72.3%. There were no clear visible changes in the wood species share over time. Along with dendro-dating, building historians have been analyzing the typology of roof trusses and the changes within time. It was possible to see clear alterations from simple rafter constructions to huge multi-level constructions with standing and sometimes hanging columns and roof constructions with lying posts (in the plane of the rafters) that transition back to constructions with standing columns.
Icariin-Mediated miR-875-5p Inhibits Autophagy and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Regulation of MDM4 in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Duan Ping , Cheng Jing , Mao Ruotong , Wang Ruina , Jin Yueqi , Li Chunyang
Published: March 2023

MicroRNAs, one type of non-coding RNA, and Icariin have attracted tremendous attention concerning various diseases, especially cancers. Also, the function of Icariin on malignant behaviors by targeting miR-875-5p/MDM4 axis in cervical cancer remains unknown. MiR-875-5p analogs combined
with MDM4 or Icariin were used to explore autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Xenograft mice were highlighted to elucidate the influences of Icariin and miR-875-5p in vivo. As a result, miR-875-5p was cut down in cervical cancer cells, which promoted malignant
phenotype, autophagy, and limited apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Contrarily,miR-875-5p overexpression had a contrary performance in cervical cancer cells. miR-875-5p was validated as a sponge of MDM4. Enhanced expression of MDM4 weakened the performance of miR-875-5p mimic on autophagy
and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, Icariin reversed the stimulative action of the inhibitor on autophagy and xenograft tumor growth. Generally, These findings imply that Icariin could be identified as a curative avenue for cervical cancer via miR-875-5p/MDM4 axis.
Novel Role of Biomedical Sensors and CT/MRI Scanning Image Segmentation Algorithms in Orthopedic Diseases
Authors: Liu Xifang , Zhang Xinyi , Jing Ke , Yang Yanni , Li Yuanmei , Niu Jinhua , Guo Shuai
Published: March 2023

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of medical image segmentation algorithms in conjunction with biomedical sensors for the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases. The two-dimensional image data of orthopedic patients were obtained by using CT/MRI scanning along with the biomedical
sensors. Patients are divided into: control group (n = 140 cases) and experimental group (106 cases). The control group has received the traditional orthopedic surgery analysis method, while the experimental group has adopted the medical image segmentation, biomedical sensors and MRI
scanning for the treatment/surgery of orthopedic patients. There is a apparently different level of performance between two groups (P <0.05). The analgesic and sedative effect of the experimental group is observed at 2 h, 6 h, and after 12 h respectively and it is found that the
experimental group exhibits better results with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The experimental group has better rates of fracture, fracture nonunion, osteoporosis, and femoral head necrosis, and a substantial difference in various disease classifications is observed between
two groups (P <0.05). There is a considerable gap between two groups in the rate of subsequent operations. The experimental group has much higher rate of subsequent operations than the control group (P <0.05). The proposed innovative non-invasive medical treatment methods
can not only enhance the accuracy of orthopedic surgeries.
The Effects of Carbon Dots from Hordei Fructus Germinatus Carbonisatus on Glycometabolism and α-Glycosidase Activity
Authors: Song Xingxing , Cao Peng , Bai Xue , Zhao Yusheng , Zhang Yifan , Kong Hui , Zhao Yan , Qu Huihua
Published: March 2023

Hordei Fructus Germinatus Carbonisatus (HFC), the carbonized malt known as Maiya-tan in China, has been used as an effective natural treatment to improve digestion for a long time. In this research, we separated and distinguished CDs (carbon dots) from HFC, which were prepared
using traditional methods. The HFC CDs had a lattice spacing of 0.26 nm and an average size of 4.3 nm, according to morphology investigations, which revealed that they were nearly spherical. The significant elements in the HFC CDs were C, O, and N. These HFC CDs produced several emissive traps
between π − π* states because they had functional groups including C–OH, –NH, C=O, and C–H on their surface, according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation. Our results indicated that HFC CDs could effectively reduce postprandial blood
glucose and inhibit α-glycosidase in vitro, which suggested that HFC CDs may affect aspects of carbohydrate metabolism. This work indicates that HFC CDs may have the potential to play a crucial clinical role in regulating blood sugar.
Human Contribution to the Risk of 2021 Northwestern Pacific Concurrent Marine and Terrestrial Summer Heat
Authors: Tang Haosu , Wang Jun , Chen Yang , Tett Simon F. B. , Sun Ying , Cheng Lijing , Sparrow Sarah , Dong Buwen
Published: March 2023

Current human-induced warming has led to approximately a 30-fold increase in the occurrence probability of 2021 northwestern Pacific concurrent marine and terrestrial summer heat.