bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESSENTIAL TRACE AND ULTRA TRACE ELEMENTS IN NUTRITION OF VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS. PART 2. IODINE, SELENIUM, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, COBALT
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety,, Galchenko A.V. , Nazarova A.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety,
Published: March 2021

In addition to the inhibitory effect of phytic and oxalic acids, other factors also affect the provision of vegans and vegetarians with essential elements. Selenium comes predominantly from plant products. However, its content in plants depends on the concentration in soils, which varies considerably in different regions. The source of iodine is seafood. Studies show that all food groups are at high risk of iodine deficiency, but vegans and vegetarians are at greater. In addition, remoteness from the seacoast and the properties of agricultural soils also play a role in the status of iodine in the body. Currently, many countries are taking steps to prevent iodine deficiency (food fortification). Cobalt is part of vitamin B12, an essential micronutrient deficient in vegans and often even in vegetarians. In addition, cobalt is also a cofactor of other molecules. However, to date, data on the prevalence of cobalt deficiency is not enough for analysis. There is not enough information about the prevalence of molybdenum deficiency.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TRACE ELEMENT METABOLISM
Authors:   RUDN University (Peoples' friendship University of Russia), Skalny A.A.
Published: March 2021

Currently, there is no doubt about the prevailing influence of the level of physical activity of an individual on the functional state of the body. However, the available literature data on the impact of physical stress on the body's supply of trace elements and their distribution in tissues are largely contradictory. This review of available literature data provides an insight into the relationship between physical activity and microelement homeostasis. The influence of human physical activity on the exchange of toxic (lead, cadmium, Nickel, etc.) and essential trace elements, such as iron, selenium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and zinc is reviewed. Based on the analyzed works, it is concluded that in order to correct the metabolic and microelement status of a person during physical activity, the most reasonable and necessary is the modulation of homeostasis of zinc and selenium.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PADA INDUSTRI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DI SUKOREJO KECAMATAN SUMBERSARI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan , Amilia Winda , Nugroho Doni Adi
Published: March 2021

Agroindustry is an industry that processes agricultural products from raw materials. Agroindustry increase the added value of agricultural commodities. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) product have high economic value because it has many benefits for health and beauty care as well. One of the industries processing coconut into a VCO product in Jember on an SME (Small Medium Enterprises) scale is located in Sukorejo, Jember Regency. The economic feasibility showed that its VCO industry business had a positive NPV. The BC Ratio value less than 1, which means that cash in flow was bigger than cash out flow, in the present value called Break Even Point (BEP), that is, total cost equals total revenue. IRR value that is generated is greater > 6% loan interest, and the last payback period (PBP), which is produced shows the value (less than) <10 years. In accordance with the specified time period of 5 years and 4 months. From the results of the analysis, it can be said that the VCO industry in Sukorejo, Sumbersari District was feasible to do.

Keywords: economic feasibility, virgin coconut oil
Influences of special driving situations on emissions of passenger cars
Authors: Engelmann Danilo , Hüssy Andreas , Comte Pierre , Czerwinski Jan , Bonsack Peter
Published: March 2021

Testing of real driving emissions (RDE) offers the opportunity to collect the data about the emissions in special driving, or non-driving situations. These situations are: cold start, warm-up of the engine, stop & go and idling. In the present work, the definitions of the special driving situations were proposed, the emissions of 7 passenger cars (gasoline & Diesel) were extracted from the present RDE data and some special driving situations, particularly the stop & go operation with varying share of idling were reproduced on chassis dynamometer.
As expected, the emissions of CO, NOx and PN are in the cold start and in the first part of the warm-up phase (c.a. 25s) considerably higher than in the rest of the investigated urban phase. The singular emitting situations like “stop & go” or idling occur frequently in the warm-up phase, i.e. in the city operation when the engine and the exhaust system are still not warm enough.
Vocal heritage of A.S. Dargomyzhsky in the aspect of the composer’s musical performance and pedagogical practice
Authors: Ezhova Nadezhda A.
Published: March 2021

The necessity of studying the stylistic features of A.S. Dargomyzhsky’s vocal creativity is substantiated to understand the relationship between music and words in works for voice and pi-ano, as the actual content of the process of developing competencies necessary for the pedagogical and concertmaster activities of graduates of a music and pedagogical university. The necessity of using the pedagogical component in the study of the concertmaster activity of composers, authors of chamber vocal and opera works has been proved. The main performing techniques of A.S. Dargomyzhsky, developing the principles of representatives of the Russian vocal school, are analyzed. We show the general and distinctive features in the methods of vocal teachers of other national schools: Italian, French, German. An understanding of the role of the creative union of singers and accompanists in the embodiment of the artistic content of musical works is formed. A.S. Dargomyzhsky’s innovative interpretation of traditional vocal genres led to the subordination of the means of musical expression to the main goal – to reveal the meaningful storyline of songs and romances. A parallel is drawn with the formation of performing and pedagogical principles in modern musical culture. The conclusion is made about the dominant role of artistic content in the performing interpretation of musical compositions, as the priority of the activities of musicians-teachers and performers of our time.
Persönliche Bilanzierung der Herausforderungen einer Verwitwung im Zeit- und Geschlechtervergleich
Authors: Höpflinger François , Spahni Stefanie , Perrig-Chiello Pasqualina
Published: March 2021

Research on bereavement has traditionally focussed on widowhood as either a social or individual event, but rarely under both perspectives. Furthermore, little is known whether existing research results mirror period or cohort effects. The aim of this article is to investigate constancies and changes in the retrospective perception of the challenges of widowhood of elderly women and men living in different decades in Switzerland. Data stem from three questionnaire studies with 1.197 widowed men and women (aged 65-102 years) carried out in 1979, 1994, and 2011. Results reveal that the subjective interpretations mirror the significant improvement of the economic and social situation of widowed individuals in Switzerland over the last decades, particularly for women. In contrast, no significant time effects can be observed with regard to the psychological challenges of marital loss in old age (redefinition of sense of life, feelings of loneliness). These findings suggest, that even in good socio-economic conditions widowhood remains psychologically a critical life event.

Zusammenfassung

Bisherige Forschung hat die Verwitwung entweder primär als soziales oder als individuelles Ereignis untersucht, selten jedoch wurden beide Perspektiven verbunden. Zudem ist wenig darüber bekannt, inwiefern bisherige Forschungsergebnisse Perioden- oder Kohorteneffekte wiederspiegeln. In diesem Beitrag wird die persönliche Bilanzierung nach der Verwitwung älterer Schweizer Frauen und Männer im Geschlechterund Zeitvergleich untersucht1. Die Datenbasis beruht auf Befragungen von 1.197 verwitweten Frauen und Männern (Alter: 65-102 Jahre), welche 1979, 1994 und 2011 durchgeführt wurden. Während sich die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rahmenbedingungen nach einer Verwitwung –namentlich bei Frauen – im Zeitvergleich verbessert haben, zeigen sich bezüglich psychischer Herausforderungen einer Verwitwung keine periodenspezifischen Veränderungen. Psychisch bleibt der Partnerverlust auch bei günstigen Sozialbedingungen ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das individualisiert bewältigt werden muss.
Der Einfluss von Arbeitslosigkeit auf das Trennungsrisiko von Ehen
Authors: Franzese Fabio , Rapp Ingmar
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the relationship between unemployment and the risk of marital separation. In addition, possible changes in the effect of unemployment since the mid-eighties as well as the duration of unemployment are examined. The data base is the German Socio-Economic Panel, which provides data from 1984 to 2010. The results indicate a higher risk of separation if a spouse, especially the husband, is unemployed. In respect of the length of unemployment, it is shown that both short and longer periods of men’s unemployment destabilize marriage. Highest risk of separation appears for men who are without a job for between one and two years. Furthermore, this study suggests that the influence of men’s unemployment on the risk of separation is significantly lower in the period from 2000 to 2010 than in the late 1980s.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und der Stabilität von Ehen. Dabei werden auch Veränderungen dieses Zusammenhangs seit Mitte der 1980er Jahre sowie die Bedeutung der Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit untersucht. Datengrundlage ist das Soziooekonomische Panel (SOEP). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Arbeitslosigkeit eines Partners, v. a. des Mannes, auch unter Kontrolle der beruflichen Ausbildung sowie des Einkommens, das Trennungsrisiko von Ehen erhöht. Bei Männern ist sowohl bei kurzer als auch bei längerer Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit ein erhöhtes Trennungsrisiko zu beobachten, wobei das Trennungsrisiko bei einer Dauer von einem bis zwei Jahren am höchsten ist. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass der destabilisierende Effekt der Arbeitslosigkeit des Mannes im Zeitverlauf schwächer wird.
„Was für mich selbst gut ist, kann meinen Kindern nicht schaden.“ Der Einfluss der elterlichen Freizeitaktivitäten auf die Eltern-Kind-Aktivitäten
Authors: Biedinger Nicole
Published: March 2021

Families differ strongly in how they deal with their children. These differences are often attributed to the socio-economic origin of the parents. Numerous studies have shown that the type and the availability of the stimuli in a child’s home environment strongly influence the child’s abilities. But how can the social differences in parent-child interactions be explained? It is argued that parents consciously or unconsciously want to maximize their child-related activities’ utility. This maximization of utility is also visible in parents’ own cultural leisure activities. Thus these should predict the extent of their interactions with their child in the home environment. This utility-theoretical approach is tested by using the data of the project “Preschool education and educational careers among migrant children”. Employing linear regression models, it can be shown that the social differences are related primarily to the cultural leisure behaviour of the parents, rather than to the family’s financial situation. Thus, the parents’ own interests are reflected in their interaction within the home environment, which, in turn, has a direct effect upon their child’s development.

Zusammenfassung

Familien variieren sehr stark darin, wie sie mit ihren Kindern umgehen. Diese Unterschiede werden oft auf die sozioökonomische Herkunft (SES) der Eltern zurückgeführt. Viele Studien können belegen, dass die Art und der Umfang des häuslichen Anregungsniveaus die Kompetenzentwicklung der Kinder stark beeinflusst. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wodurch die sozialen Unterschiede bei den Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen erklärt werden. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Eltern bewusst oder unbewusst im Rahmen von Aktivitäten mit ihrem Kind ihren Nutzen maximieren wollen. Diese Nutzenmaximierung zeigt sich auch in ihren eigenen hochkulturellen Freizeitaktivitäten. Somit sollten die eigenen Freizeitaktivitäten der Eltern den Umfang an häuslichen Interaktionen mit ihrem Kind vorhersagen. Dieser nutzentheoretische Ansatz wird mit den Daten des Projekts „Erwerb von sprachlichen und kulturellen Kompetenzen von Migrantenkindern in der Vorschulzeit“ überprüft. Mit Hilfe von linearen Regressionsmodellen wird gezeigt, dass die sozialen Unterschiede vor allem mit dem hochkulturellen Freizeitverhalten der Eltern zusammenhängen, und nicht von der finanziellen Situation der Familien abhängen. Somit spiegeln sich die eigenen Interessen der Eltern in der häuslichen Interaktion wider, die wiederum direkt die Kompetenzen der Kinder beeinflusst.
Die fünf Ziele des Elterngelds im Spannungsfeld von Politik, Medien und Wissenschaft
Authors: Bujard Martin
Published: March 2021

In Germany, the discourse about the incomerelated parental leave policy introduced in 2007 and its legitimisation strongly depends on its effects in the context of certain goals. However, the question of which goals the parental leave policy actually has, is answered controversially in the arenas of politics, media and science. This article shows the characteristics of the different discourses about the parental leave policy in these arenas and the mechanisms behind their interaction. Empirically, frequency analyses and valency analyses of newspapers between 2004 and 2012 are carried out which are combined with content analyses of documents of the German Federal Parliament. The analyses confirm that the different goals can be categorised into five groups. The results show that the definition of goals is the key for understanding the discourses and the public judgement of the parental leave policy. OLS regressions show that the main factors for a positive or negative disposition in the media are the initial reason for the article and the number of considered goals. Hence, for politicians, a communication strategy stressing all five goals is promising.

Zusammenfassung

Der Diskurs über das 2007 eingeführte Elterngeld und dessen politische Legitimation hängen eng mit der Wirkung auf bestimmte Ziele zusammen. Welche primären Ziele das Elterngeld hat, wird in den Sphären Politik, Medien und Wissenschaft unterschiedlich beantwortet. Der Beitrag zeigt die jeweils charakteristischen Merkmale der Elterngeld-Diskurse in diesen Bereichen und durch welche Mechanismen diese wechselseitig verknüpft sind. Empirische Grundlage ist eine Frequenzund Valenzanalyse von Zeitungsartikeln für 2004 bis 2012, die mit einer Inhaltsanalyse parlamentarischer Dokumente kombiniert wird. Die Analysen belegen, dass das Elterngeld in allen drei Sphären fünf Zieldimensionen hat. Sie verdeutlichen, dass die Definition von Zielen des Elterngelds der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der Diskurse und der Bewertung des Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetzes (BEEG) in der Öffentlichkeit ist. Basierend auf Regressionsanalysen sind der Anlass der Berichterstattung und die Summe der attribuierten Ziele zentrale Faktoren für die Valenz von Zeitungsartikeln. Demnach ist für die Politik eine Kommunikationsstrategie vielversprechend, die den Fünfklang an Zielen betont.
The consequence of birth spacing for first- and second-born siblings’ long-term income rank: A restrictive two-child family approach
Authors: Shahbazian Roujman
Published: March 2021

Birth spacing between siblings may have long-lasting impacts on them. This paper focuses on how different birth-spacing intervals are associated with income rank during the ages 33 to 42 years. In order to disentangle birth spacing from birth order, while holding potential sibsize association constant, an interaction model is used on a restrictive subpopulation of two-child families born between 1960 and 1970. The results show clear differences between first- and second-born siblings. Increased birth spacing, up to 3 years, is positively associated with first-born siblings’ income rank. Birth spacing has a negligible association with second-born siblings, at the common spacing intervals (less than 5 years). Having relatively high spacing intervals (over 5 years) is associated with somewhat lower income-rank than having mid-length intervals for both first- and second-born siblings.
Welchen Einfluss haben verschiedene Vatertypen auf den Verlauf der Symptombelastung ihrer Kinder? Eine Längsschnittuntersuchung an 14- bis 23-Jährigen
Authors: Escher Fabian , Seiffge-Krenke Inge
Published: March 2021

In a longitudinal study, the influence of three types of fathers on their children’s psychopathology in adolescence and young adulthood was analyzed. In a sample of 213 subjects, the symptomatology was evaluated at five points in adolescence (Youth Self-Report) and in young adulthood (Young Adult Self-Report). The results show elevated levels of internalizing symptomatology in females compared to males. Furthermore, the results point to significant problems in young adults who have described their father as increasingly negative or distant through adolescence. At all measurement points, these two groups show higher symptomatology than the group of young adults who have described their father as normative in adolescence.

Zusammenfassung

In einer Längsschnittstudie wurde der Einfluss dreier Vatertypen auf die Symptombelastung ihrer Kinder im Jugend- und im jungen Erwachsenenalter analysiert. An einer Stichprobe aus 213 Probanden wurde die Symptombelastung zu fünf Messzeitpunkten im Jugendalter (Youth Self- Report) und im jungen Erwachsenenalter (Young Adult Self-Report) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen erhöhte Werte in der internalisierenden Symptombelastung der weiblichen im Vergleich zu den männlichen Probanden. Des Weiteren weisen die Ergebnisse auf erhebliche Probleme bei jungen Erwachsenen, welche ihren Vater im Jugendalter als zunehmend negativ oder distanziert beschrieben haben, hin. In diesen beiden Gruppen zeigte sich zu allen Messzeitpunkten eine höhere Symptombelastung als in der Gruppe der jungen Erwachsenen, welche ihren Vater im Jugendalter als normativ beschrieben haben.
Berufstätige Mütter und sozial-emotionale Kompetenzen ihrer Kinder
Authors: Röhr-Sendlmeier Una M. , Bergold Sebastian , Jöris Andreas , Cummings Anna Verena , Heim Karin , Johannen Eva
Published: March 2021

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a total of 985 families (parents and children) of 3rd, 4th and 6th graders at different levels in the tripartite German school system was conducted to gain insight into socialization variables connected with maternal employment as to their impact on pupils’ social-emotional competencies. Fathers’ participation in household and educational tasks (answered by fathers), mothers’ well-being and mode of parenting (both answered by mothers) were postulated to mediate between mothers’ employment and social-emotional competencies of the children. Mediation analyses showed that fathers’ participation mediated the correlation between mothers’ employment and mental health. Authoritative parenting partially mediated the correlation between mothers’ well-being and children’s social- emotional competencies as seen by their mothers. No direct correlation was found between maternal employment and social-emotional competencies. Statistical path analyses revealed that congruence of desired and practiced working status was more relevant for mothers’ well-being and children’s social-emotional competencies than the amount of hours mothers worked.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 985 vollständigen Familien mit Kindern der 3., 4. und 6. Klassen aus Grundschulen, Hauptschulen, Realschulen und Gymnasien wurde in einer Querschnittsuntersuchung die Beziehung zwischen der Berufstätigkeit der Mutter und sozial- emotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder untersucht. Die Aufgabenübernahme des Vaters (erfragt´vom Vater), das Wohlbefinden und der praktizierte Erziehungsstil der Mutter (erfragt von der Mutter) wurden als vermittelnde Variablen für den postulierten Zusammenhang angenommen. In Mediatoranalysen der Fragebogendaten wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Berufstätigkeit und seelischer Gesundheit der Mutter durch die väterliche Aufgabenbeteiligung vermittelt. Für den Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlichem Wohlbefinden und den von den Müttern eingeschätzten sozialemotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder erwies sich ein autoritativer Erziehungsstil als partieller Mediator. Zwischen dem Umfang der mütterlichen Berufstätigkeit und sozial-emotionalen Kompetenzen der Kinder konnten keine direkten Zusammenhänge gefunden werden, von Bedeutung war jedoch die Kongruenz zwischen gewünschtem und tatsächlichem beruflichem Status der Mutter.
Die Kernfamilie als Ideal. Zur Konstruktion von Scheidung und Nachscheidungsfamilien
Authors: Zartler Ulrike
Published: March 2021

Against the backdrop of high divorce rates and changing concepts in the social sciences, the issue is addressed as to how children and families construct divorce and patterns of family life prior and subsequent to divorce. Based on an Austrian qualitative survey of 50 ten-year old children and their respective parents (n=71), it can be shown that divorce is predominantly constructed as a disintegration of the family. Based upon the dimensions of normalcy, complementarity and stability, nuclear families are being perceived as the most advantageous form of living together as a family. Whereas single-parent families are constructed as being both deficient and disadvantaged, stepfamilies are seen in a more positive light which, in turn, is due to the everyday presence of two parents in those families. These findings indicate that the interviewees orientate themselves along the lines of the model of disorganization, hierarchized ways of family life, and family concepts that are household-centered and focus primarily on family structures. Finally, the implications and repercussions of these findings for family policies and family research are being discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Vor dem Hintergrund hoher Scheidungsraten und veränderter sozialwissenschaftlicher Konzepte wird die Frage gestellt, wie Kinder und Eltern Scheidungen sowie familiale Lebensformen vor und nach einer Scheidung konstruieren. Basierend auf einer österreichischen qualitativen Befragung von 50 zehnjährigen Kindern und ihren Eltern (n= 71) zeigt sich, dass Scheidung überwiegend als Auflösung der Familie konstruiert wird. Kernfamilien werden, basierend auf den Aspekten Normalität, Komplementarität und Stabilität, als vorteilhafteste Lebensform wahrgenommen. Ein-Eltern-Familien werden als defizitär und benachteiligt konstruiert, während Stieffamilien aufgrund der alltäglichen Präsenz von zwei Elternpersonen positiver betrachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf eine Orientierung am Desorganisationsmodell, eine Hierarchisierung von Lebensformen sowie haushaltszentrierte und familienstrukturell fokussierte Konzeptionen. Auswirkungen und Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse für Sozialpolitik und Familienforschung werden diskutiert.
The gendered dynamics of age preferences – Empirical evidence from online dating
Authors: Skopek Jan , Schmitz Andreas , Blossfeld Hans-Peter
Published: March 2021

This study uses innovative data from online dating to analyze men’s and women’s preferences regarding the age of a partner. These data include observations on how individuals behaved on online dating platforms as well as information on which preferences individuals stated in a survey from an online panel. The paper analyzes how male and female age preferences can be explained by an individual’s own age, preferences for other traits, and own market-relevant traits that are favorable or unfavorable for others. Our results show that age preferences essentially shift with age, but in different ways for men and women: Whereas men increasingly prefer younger women as they age, women’s age preferences become increasingly diverse. They also show that age preferences are confounded with gender-specific preferences for attractiveness and education. Finally, preferences for age also vary with marketrelevant traits such as education and parenthood, but not with prior marital experience. Altogether, our analyses point to a gender-specific decline in mate value with differential consequences for men’s and women’s mating preferences.

Zusammenfassung

In der vorliegenden Studie werden innovative Daten, die aus dem Online-Dating stammen, verwendet, um die Präferenzen von Männern und Frauen hinsichtlich des Alters eines Partners zu untersuchen. Diese Daten umfassen sowohl Beobachtungen, wie sich Individuen auf den Plattformen einer Partnerschaftsbörse verhalten, als auch Informationen über die Präferenzen, die Individuen bei einer Online-Umfrage nannten. In diesem Beitrag wird analysiert, wie die Alterspräferenzen von Männern und Frauen durch das jeweilige Alter des Individuums, die Präferenzen hinsichtlich anderer Eigenschaften sowie die je eigenen marktrelevanten Eigenschaften, die anderen als wünschenswert oder nicht gewünscht erscheinen, erklären werden können, Wie unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, ändern sich Alterspräferenzen wesentlich mit dem eigenen Alter, dies jedoch für Männer und Frauen in unterschiedlicher Weise: Während Männer zunehmend jüngere Frauen bevorzugen, wenn sie selbst älter werden, entwickeln sich die Alterspräferenzen hinsichtlich der Partner in zunehmend unterschiedlicherWeise. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Alterspräferenzen mit geschlechtsspezifischen Präferenzen hinsichtlich der Attraktivität und des Bildungsstandes konfundieren. Schließlich variieren die Alterspräferenzen auch mit marktrelevanten Eigenschaften wie Bildungsstand und Elternschaft, nicht jedoch mit vorherigen Eheerfahrungen. Alles in allem weisen unsere Analysen auf einen geschlechtsspezifischen Rückgang des Wertes auf dem Partnermarkt mit für Männer und Frauen unterschiedlichen Konsequenzen für die Partnerpräferenzen hin.
Unemployment and separation: Evidence from five European countries
Authors: Solaz Anne , Jalovaara Marika , Kreyenfeld Michaela , Meggiolaro Silvia , Mortelmans Dimitri , Pasteels Inge
Published: March 2021

Since the 1970s, several European countries have experienced high union dissolution risk as well as high unemployment rates. The extent to which adverse economic conditions are associated with union instability is still unknown. This study explores the relationship between both individual and aggregate unemployment and union dissolution risk in five European countries before the recent economic crisis. Using rich longitudinal data from Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy, the empirical analysis, based on discrete-time event history models, shows that male unemployment consistently increases the risk of union dissolution. While a strong association is observed between male unemployment and separation at the micro level, no association is found between male unemployment and union dissolution at the macro level. The results for female unemployment are mixed, and the size of the impact of female unemployment is smaller in magnitude than that of male unemployment. In Germany and Italy, where until very recently work is less compatible with family life than in other countries, female unemployment is not significantly associated with union dissolution.
Heterostemma menghaiense (Apocynaceae), a new record for Laos and Thailand
Authors:   Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand, Thammarong Woranart , Rakarcha Sarayut ,   Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand, Pongamornkul Wittaya ,   Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, The Botanical Garden Organization, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand, Rodda Michele ,   Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Rd., 259569 Singapore
Published: March 2021

Heterostemma menghaiense is reported as a new record for the flora of Laos and Thailand. A description based on Thai and Lao collections, photographs and notes are provided.
The future of the wine industry: overlapping insights from international leaders
Authors: Pesme Jacques-Olivier , Catena Laura , Reiff Linda , Roca Pau
Published: March 2021

Just as many other sectors, the wine industry has suffered these last months. In times of crisis, it is natural for us to plan for contingencies, to live day by day and hope for a better tomorrow. ‘To think about tomorrow’ was the theme that we asked our four contributors to ponder, so they could share their thoughts with an international audience from more than 30 countries.
Concerns Raised on Blood Group Determinants in Plasma Membrane Interaction of the SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Fiedler Klaus
Published: March 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in the generation of evolutionary-related variants. The S-protein of the B.1.1.7 variant (deletion N-terminal domain (NTD) His69Val70Tyr144) may contribute to altered infectivity. These mutations may have been presaged by animal mutations in minks housed in mink farms that according to the present analysis by modelling of protein ligand docking altered a high affinity binding site in the S-protein NTD. These mutants likely occurred only sporadically in humans. Tissue-adaptations and the size of the mink relative to the infected human population size back then may have comparatively increased the relative mutation rate. Simple, multi-threaded automated docking that is widely available, assigns increased binding of the blood type II A antigen to the SARS-Cov-2 S-protein NTD of B.1.1.7 with an overall increased docking interaction of blood group A harbouring glycolipids relative to group B or H (H, p=0.04). The top scoring glycan is identified as a DSGG (also classified as sialosyl-MSGG or disialosyl-Gb5) that may compete with heparin, which is similar to heparan sulfate linked to proteinaceous receptors on the tissue surface. Other glycolipids are found to interact with lower affinity, except long ligands that have suitable ligand binding poses to match the curved binding pocket.
The Complexity of Remote Teaching in Emergency Situations: Initial Basic Principles to Avoiding Technological Boundaries
Authors: Cahyadi Ani , Hendryadi Hendryadi , Widyastuti Sri
Published: March 2021

Considering the challenges of sustainable education in emergency remote teaching (ERT) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, this study provides basic principles for future ERT implementation based on the experience of higher education in Indonesia. Seven local expert distance educators reviewed the ERT principles, participating in the early stages to check the relevance, content validity, and readability of the five principles proposed in the context of Indonesian education. After an extensive expert review, the ERT principles were evaluated using quantitative data through an online survey (82 students and 45 faculty members). In addition, open-ended questionnaire responses, experiences, and challenges encountered by 21 respondents (College Dean, Associate Dean of Academics, and faculty quality assurance of seven universities/colleges in three provinces in Indonesia) in ERT were used and analyzed. This study suggests that ERT should be designed based on the principles of simplicity, accessibility, affordability, flexibility, and empathy in all learning activities in unfavorable situations. This study complements previous work and can thus be used for generalized principles for teaching activities in similar emergencies, especially in developing countries.
ANALISIS KINERJA CHILLER DI GEDUNG SENAYAN CITY
Authors: Maya Firanti Putri  , Aris Sunawar  , Massus Subekti
Published: March 2021

Abstract.

Research conducted in the building Senayan City in June 2016 using qualitative research methods. Standards are used as a benchmark the performance of each chiller uses ISO 6390 in 2011 on Energy Conservation Air system administration Building. These aspects are analyzed to determine the performance of the chiller is the temperature of chilled water, flow chilled water and compressor power. As for the influence of the three aspects is the temperature of the outside environment. By calculating the cooling capacity, the highest Coefficient of Permonace (COP) value can be determined each chiller.Chiller performance analysis results obtained COP value of the highest attainable number 1 at 7.31 chiller, chiller number 2 at 8.03 and chiller number 3 6:27. These values ​​meet the mi nimum value of COP according to ISO standards. Lowest chiller COP value number 1 by 5.08, number 2 for 5.12 chiller and chiller number 3 at 4.22. Third party chiller COP minimum value does not meet the minimum standards of the COP. Chiller number 3 has the lowest minimum number COP and far below the minimum stadar.Judging from the value of cooling capacity and COP, chiller performance is not good enough is the number 3. And the chiller that has good enough performance is number 1 and 2

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan data analisis kinerja chiller di gedung Senayan City. Penelitian yang dilakukan di gedung Senayan City pada bulan Juni 2016 ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Standar yang digunakan sebagai patokan kinerja masing-masing chiller menggunakan SNI 6390 tahun 2011 tentang Konservasi Energi Sistem Tata Udara Bangunan Gedung. Aspek-aspek yang dianalisis untuk mengetahui kinerja chiller adalah temperatur chilled water, flow chilled water dan power kompresor. Adapun yang mempengaruhi ketiga aspek tersebut adalah temperatur lingkungan luar. Dengan menghitung kapasitas pendinginan, dapat ditentukan nilai Coefficient of Permonace (COP) tertinggi masing-masing chiller. Hasil analisis kinerja chiller didapat Nilai COP tertinggi yang dapat dicapai chiller nomor 1 sebesar 7,31, chiller nomor 2 sebesar 8,03 dan chiller nomor 3 6.27. Ketiga nilai tersebut memenuhi nilai minimum standar COP menurut SNI. Nilai COP terendah  chiller nomor 1 sebesar 5,08, chiller nomor 2 sebesar 5,12 dan chiller nomor 3 sebesar 4,22. Ketiga nilai minimum COP ketiga chiller ini tidak memenuhi standar minimum COP. Chiller nomor 3 mempunyai angka minimum COP paling rendah dan jauh dibawah stadar minimum. Dilihat dari kapasitas pendinginan dan nilai COP, chiller yang kinerja kurang baik adalah chiller nomor 3. Dan chiller yang performanya cukup baik adalah chiller nomor 1 dan 2.
PEMBUATAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN PROSEDUR PEMELIHARAAN PERALATAN TATA UDARA RUANG TINGGAL (ROOM AIR CONDITIONER/ RAC)
Authors: Imam Arif Raharjo  , Sri Sujanti  , Bambang DK
Published: March 2021

Making Video Learning of Maintenance Procedure for Air Conditioning Equipment (Room Air Conditioner / RAC). This innovative work aims to make a learning video about the procedure for maintaining air space equipment (RAC) which can later be used as one of the variations in teacher

learning media in the learning process. Making this innovative work uses a strategy and manufacturing procedure with three stages, namely planning, recording, and production. Responses

were made by respondents consisting of a Media Expert and Vocational High School students using opinion instruments. The conclusion of the making of this innovative work is that a learning video is produced about the procedures for maintaining air-conditioning equipment (Room Air Conditioner

/ RAC).

Abstrak

Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Prosedur Pemeliharaan Peralatan Tata Udara Ruang Tinggal (Room

Air Conditioner/ RAC). Karya Inovatif ini bertujuan untuk membuat video pembelajaran tentang prosedur pemeliharaan peralatan tata udara ruang tinggal (Room Air Conditioner/ RAC) yang

nantinya  dapat  digunakan  sebagai  salah  satu  variasi  media  pembelajaran  guru  dalam  proses

pembelajaran. Pembuatan karya inovatif ini menggunakan strategi dan prosedur pembuatan dengan tiga tahapan yaitu perencanaan, perekaman, dan produksi. Tanggapan dilakukan oleh responden yang

terdiri dari seorang Ahli Media dan siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan dengan menggunakan

instrument opini. Kesimpulan dari pembuatan karya inovatif ini adalah dihasilkan sebuah video pembelajaran tentang prosedur pemeliharaan peralatan tata udara ruang tinggal (Room Air Conditioner/ RAC) .
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS LECTORA INSPIRE PADA MATA PELAJARAN INSTALASI MOTOR LISTRIK
Authors: Hervina Kiruna  , Massus Subekti  , Purwanto Gendroyono
Published: March 2021

The aims of this study are to : (1) find the necessity of electronic module, (2) find the process of the development module, (3) find the expediency, and (4) find the effectiveness of the electronic module based on Lectora Inspire on the subject Electric Motor Installation. The research method used is Research and Development method, while the product development model uses the ADDIE (Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). This study uses questionnaire and questions test as the technique of collection data. The results of the study find that : (1) the analysis of the necessity of electronic module shows that as many 100% of the students have not used the electronic module yet, (2) the process of developing the learning as module is done in fivemain stages, which are Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation, (3) feasibility testing is obtained on average 3,5 with the criteria “Very feasible” and concludes that the electronic module based on Lectora Inspire on teh subject Electric Motor Installation is feasible for learning., and (4) the effectiveness test is done by comparing the posttest grade of the experimental class with the posttest grade of the control class has the result of Tcount = 5,74 with the conlusion that the effectiveness of the use of Electronic Module based Lectora Inspire is higher or equal to the students that do not use the module in improving the learning outcomes of Electronic Motor Installation.

Abstrak

Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk:  (1)  mengetahui  kebutuhan  modul  elektronik  (2)  mengetahui  proses pengembangan modul, (3) mengetahui kelayakan dan (4) mengetahui keefektifan modul elektronik berbasis Lectora Inspire pada mata pelajaran Instalasi Motor Listrik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research & Development) sedangkan model pengembangan produk yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE (Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation, dan Evaluation). Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket dan soal tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) analisis kebutuhan mengatakan sebanyak 100% siswa belum menggunakan modul elektronik (2) proses pengembangan modul pembelajaran dilakukan dalam lima tahapan utama yaitu Analysis,Design,Development,Implementation, dan Evaluation; (3) pengujian kelayakan didapatkan rata-rata 3,5  dengan kriteria “sangat layak” dan modul elektronik berbasis Lectora Inspire pada mata pelajaran Instalasi Motor Listrik   layak digunakan untuk proses pembelajaran; dan (4) pengujian keefektifan dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai posttest kelas eksperimen dengan nilai posttest kelas kontrol didapatkan hasil nilai
Сезонная динамика и пространственное распределение структурных показателей бактериопланктонного сообщества бухты Севастопольская (Крым, Чёрное море)
Authors: Рылькова О. А. , Поликарпов И. Г.
Published: March 2021

Бактериопланктон определяет формирование значительной части вторичной продукции и минерализации новообразованного органического вещества в водных экосистемах и быстро реагирует на любые изменения в окружающей среде. Данные о состоянии микробиального сообщества исключительно важны для понимания процессов переноса вещества и потока энергии в водных экосистемах, что особенно актуально для прибрежных акваторий, где в последние десятилетия произошли существенные негативные трансформации. Целью нашей работы было изучить долговременные изменения структурных показателей бактериопланктона в различных участках бухты Севастопольская (Чёрное море) в период 1992–2005 гг. Численность бактерий определяли прямым микроскопическим методом, используя адсорбционный (эритрозин) или флуоресцентный (акридиновый оранжевый) красители; биомассу рассчитывали с применением коэффициента (2·10−14 г C·кл.−1) или по непосредственным промерам клеток. Для определения морфотипов клеток использовали сканирующую электронную микроскопию. Показано, что диапазон общей численности микроорганизмов составил 0,2·106–10·106 кл.·мл−1; биомассы — 2–201 мг C·м−3. В морфологической структуре бактериопланктона преобладали кокки (диаметр — 0,36–0,86 мкм) объёмом 0,02–0,27 мкм³ и палочковидные клетки (длина — 0,6–1,2 мкм, ширина — 0,2–0,4 мкм) объёмом 0,50–0,65 мкм³. Максимальные значения всех переменных зарегистрированы в летний и осенний периоды года (с июня по октябрь), минимальные приурочены к зимнему и весеннему сезонам. Полученные величи́ны количественных показателей бактериопланктона сопоставимы со значениями для различных акваторий Мирового океана, включая Чёрное море. Динамику структурных показателей бактериопланктона бухты Севастопольская в течение годового цикла определяли абиотические и биотические факторы. Значимо высокая корреляция (86 %, p < 0,01) между гидролого-гидрохимическими и биологическими переменными подтверждает неслучайный характер взаимосвязи между ними. Дискриминантный анализ выявил достоверные различия в структуре бактериопланктонных сообществ между участками бухты с разной интенсивностью водообмена, степенью общей загрязнённости и удалённостью от открытого моря. Достоверно меньший объём клеток бактерий в 2004 г. [(0,16 ± 0,05) мкм³] по сравнению с таковым в 2005 г. [(0,20 ± 0,03) мкм³] (парный t-тест, p < 0,05) был связан, вероятно, с интенсивным выеданием микроорганизмов фаготрофными простейшими. Полученные данные о структуре сообщества бактериопланктона могут быть использованы при прогнозировании состояния экосистемы бухты Севастопольская, а также при разработке и верификации математических моделей функционирования прибрежных экосистем.
Priestor a pamäť. Spomienky pracovníkov nemocnice v Topoľčanoch
Authors: Janto Juraj
Published: March 2021

The author deals with the importance of memories in connection with historical buildings and sites. The theoretical framework of the study is the concept of space and place (mostly in approach of S. Low) and collective memory (M. Halbwachs). Abstract space is transformed through human activities, interpersonal relationships, communication, memories, etc. into a known place with sense and specific meanings for certain people. Collective memory (the social representation of the past) plays an important role in this process of change. On the other hand, the memories are bound to a certain place, that is to say they are spatially anchored. In this study, the author observes what memories are related to the buildings and the site of the old hospital in Topoľčany. His informants were its former employees, doctors and nurses and the main method used was ethnographic semi-structured interview. When analyzing the research data, the author observes the character and content of the collective memory of the former employees and how the space of the old hospital is transformed into a known and familiar place.
REALISASI PROGRAM JIMPITAN KARANG TARUNA BUGIS GENERATION DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERAN SOSIAL KEMASYARAKATAN
Authors: Diantoro Fery
Published: March 2021

Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk pemberdayaan dengan memberikan fasilitasi kepada karang tarunana BG Generations Dusun Bugis Desa Bekare yang telah memiliki program lama yang belum terealisisi yaitu program jimpitan. Pengabdian dengan metode ABCD dapat meyakinkan kembali bahwa BG Generaitons dapat merealisasikan program jimpitan dan dapat menggugah semangat masyarakat untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut. Kegiatan dalam pengebdian ini didasarkan pada metode penemuan apresiatif (appreciative inquiry) yang terdiri dari discovery, dream, design, dan destiny. Inti dari pengabdian ini adalahmendesain untuk merealisasikan program jimpitan, maka dilakukanlah kegiatan sosialisasi yang memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat terkait pentingnya program jimpitan dan memberikan pendampingan atau fasilitasi dengan berpartisipasi dalam penyusunan pengelola, pengumpulan dan pemasangan kaleng sebagai sarana pengumpulan dana jimpitan dan mendampingi menyiapkan pembukuan. Respon masyarakat sangat positif terhadap program jimpitan. Kata kunci: Karang Taruna, Program Jimpitan
Pressure-Difference Method for Gas-Kick Detection in Risers
Authors: Zhou Guangzhao , Leach Colin , Denduluri Veerabhadra S. , Wong George K. , Amritkar Amit , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Prosperetti Andrea
Published: March 2021

Undetected gas kicks are at the root of many disastrous accidents in the oil industry. A major factor in these tragic outcomes is the suddenness with which oil and gas can be ejected from the top of the riser, which gives operators virtually no time for an adequate response. This aspect of the phenomenon is quantified by providing a physical explanation of its origin and suggesting simple, if approximate, guidelines to estimate its severity. Then a relatively straightforward and potentially practical way to detect the presence of dangerous gas volumes in a riser is described. The basic idea is to measure the pressure difference between sensors spaced along the riser. When gas occupies the space between sensors, the pressure difference undergoes large changes chiefly caused by the decreased hydrostatic head. It is shown that this difference can be enhanced by adequate signal processing and is robust in the presence of noise. The suggested detection method is supported by a set of laboratory experiments.
SMGSAF: A Secure Multi-Geocasting based Routing Scheme for Opportunistic Networks
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Dhurandher Sanjay K. , Kumar Raghav , Gupta Geetanshu
Published: March 2021

This paper proposes a novel Secure Multi- Geocasting Spray And Flood technique for opportunistic networks called SMGSAF, which uses secret sharing and disjoint path routing to secure the privacy of messages. In multi-geocasting, routing aims to successfully deliver a given geomessage to all the nodes, or to as many as possible, located inside defined geographic areas within a given time interval. It is desired that as long as a message is outside its destination casts it cannot be read by intermediate nodes. Encryption is a proven way to ensure this but classical encryption techniques are not well suited for the opportunistic paradigm. Key distribution and scarcity of resources are the major challenges in this regard. Therefore we have used secret sharing and disjoint path routing to protect the privacy of messages. Simulation results show that the proposed SMGSAF protocol provides the intended security but at the expense of performance, that is within acceptable limits. Notably, the SMGSAF protocol outperforms unitary geocasting in terms of delivery probability. The proposed protocol is evaluated in terms of delivery probability, network overhead, and latency. Its performance has been compared to MGSAF and GSAF.