bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentin Adhesion and MMPs: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Perdigão Jorge , Reis Alessandra , Loguercio Alessandro D.
Published: February 2013

This review examines the fundamental processes responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of resin‐bonded interfaces, as well as some potential approaches to prevent and counteract this degradation. Current research in several research centers aims at increasing the resin–dentin bond durability. The hydrophilic and acidic characteristics of current dentin adhesives have made hybrid layers highly prone to water sorption. This, in turn, causes polymer degradation and results in decreased resin–dentin bond strength over time. These unstable polymers inside the hybrid layer may result in denuded collagen fibers, which become vulnerable to mechanical and hydrolytical fatigue, as well as degradation by host‐derived proteases with collagenolytic activity. These enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine cathepsins, have a crucial role in the degradation of typeIcollagen, the organic component of the hybrid layer. This review will also describe several methods that have been recently advocated to silent the activity of these endogenous proteases.
The Wealth of the Body: Trade Relations, Objects, and Personhood in Northeastern Amazonia
Authors: Grotti Vanessa
Published: February 2013

Esse artigo è uma analise das relações que os Tiriyó (Suriname) tem desenvolvido com o comercio, os objetos, e com as pessoas não‐ameríndias com as quais eles praticam trocas de objetos manufaturados. Apresento o comercio desde uma perspectiva ameríndia da socialidade, focalizando‐me sobre as relações entre pessoas. Nesse artigo, apresento uma analise do comercio no contexto de uma discussão mais amplia sobre noções de pessoa, de corpo e de materialidade indígenas, para argumentar que as relações interpersonais de troco são fabricadas durante décadas de experiências comunas entre sujeitos e que modificam em modo visível as pessoas envolvidas e o espaço no qual essas pessoas vivem. As relações de troco resultam em manifestações visíveis ao nível do corpo e da construção do espaço social Tiriyó; os objetos manufaturados permitem a construção de narrativas de êxitos pessoais passados e de viagens transformacionais para esferas distantes de alteridade.
Oestradiol Decreases Melanin‐Concentrating Hormone (MCH) and MCH Receptor Expression in the Hypothalamus of Female Rats
Authors: Santollo J. , Eckel L. A.
Published: February 2013

Previous studies have shown that oestradiol (E2) decreases the orexigenic effect of melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH). In the present study, we examined whether this action of E2 is mediated by its ability to decrease the expression of MCH or its receptor (MCHR1). Using immunocytochemistry and western blotting, we examined whether E2 decreases MCH‐immunoreactive neurones or MCHR1 protein content in the hypothalamus of female rats. We found that both MCH and MCHR1 protein expression was decreased by acute E2 treatment in ovariectomised rats, and by the peri‐ovulatory increase in circulating E2 in pro‐oestrous rats, relative to rats at other cycle stages. To determine whether these changes in MCH/MCHR1 protein expression may be mediated by E2's ability to directly regulate the transcription of MCH and MCHR1 genes, the effect of E2 treatment on MCH and MCHR1 mRNA expression in a neuronal hypothalamic cell line was examined using real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. We also determined whether MCH and oestrogen receptor (ER)α are co‐expressed in the hypothalamus of female rats. E2 treatment did not decrease MCH or MCHR1 mRNA expression in vitro, and no hypothalamic neurones were identified that co‐expressed MCH and ERα. We conclude that E2‐dependent decreases in hypothalamic MCH/MCHR1 protein expression mediate the ability of E2 to decrease MCH‐induced feeding. The current findings suggest, however, that E2 exerts these actions indirectly, most likely though interactions with other neuronal systems that provide afferent input to MCH and MCHR1 neurones.
The effects of cross‐examination on children's reports of neutral and transgressive events
Authors: Fogliati Rhiannon , Bussey Kay
Published: February 2013

Purpose

In many jurisdictions child witnesses who testify in court about their own sexual abuse are cross‐examined by a defence attorney. Children find this process to be distressing, and despite recent child‐focussed modifications to other aspects of the legal process, cross‐examination has remained largely unaltered. This lack of modification is due, in part, to the assumption that cross‐examination promotes truthful testimony (Wigmore, 1974 Evidence in trials at common law). However, little empirical research has investigated the effects of cross‐examination questions on children's reports of neutral and transgressive events. To examine these effects a laboratory‐based study was conducted.

Method

One hundred and twenty kindergarten (M = 6 years) and grade 2 (M = 8 years) students participated individually in a staged event. Children witnessed an adult commit a transgression and were then interviewed twice about it. Children first underwent a direct‐examination interview followed by either a direct‐ or cross‐examination interview.

Results

Children's reports of neutral events were significantly less accurate in Interview 2 cross‐examination, than they were in Interview 1 direct‐examination, whereas children interviewed twice with direct‐examination were equally accurate in Interviews 1 and 2. Furthermore, children whose second interview involved cross‐examination were less accurate in their reports of neutral events than were children whose second interview was a direct examination. Cross‐examination also affected some children's disclosures of a witnessed transgression. More of the older children provided truthful disclosures of the transgression in the initial direct examination compared with the Interview 2 cross‐examination.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that cross‐examination as used in this study may not be the most effective procedure for eliciting truthful testimony for both neutral and transgressive events from children aged between 5 and 8 years.
The effectiveness of eye‐closure in repeated interviews
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Baddeley Alan D. , Hitch Graham J.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

Closing the eyes during recall can help witnesses remember more about a witnessed event. This study examined the effectiveness of eye‐closure in a repeated recall paradigm with immediate free recall followed 1 week later by both free and cued recall. We examined whether eye‐closure was more or less effective during the second free‐recall attempt compared with the first, whether eye‐closure during the first recall attempt had an impact on subsequent free‐ and cued‐recall performance, and whether eye‐closure during the second free recall could facilitate the recall of new, previously unreported, information (reminiscence).

Method

Participants witnessed a videotaped event and participated in a first free‐recall attempt (with eyes open or closed) a few minutes later. After a week, they provided another free recall, followed by a cued‐recall interview (with eyes open or closed).

Results

Eye‐closure during the first free‐recall attempt had no significant effect on performance during any of the recall attempts. However, eye‐closure during the second session increased the amount of correct visual information reported in that session by 36.7% in free recall and by 35.3% in cued recall, without harming testimonial accuracy. Crucially, eye‐closure also facilitated the recall of new, previously unreported visual information.

Conclusions

The findings extend previous research in showing that the eye‐closure instruction can still be effective when witnesses are interviewed repeatedly, and that it can facilitate the elicitation of new information. Thus, the eye‐closure instruction constitutes a simple and time‐efficient interview tool for police interviewers.
Gallstone disease in Swedish twins is associated with the Gilbert variant of UGT1A1
Authors: Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Krawczyk Marcin , Grünhage Frank , Katsika Despina , Einarsson Curt , Lammert Frank
Published: February 2013

Background & Aims

The Gilbert syndrome‐associated functional TATA box variant UGT1A1*28 (A(TA)7TAA) was found to increase susceptibility to pigment gallstone formation in patients with haemolytic anaemia. Further studies in extensive cohorts demonstrated an increased risk of this variant for cholesterol gallstone disease (GD). We now investigated this polymorphism as a determinant of symptomatic GD in Swedish twins.

Methods

The Swedish Twin Registry was merged with the Hospital Discharge and Causes of Death Registries and searched for GD‐related diagnoses among monozygotic (MZ) twins living in the Stockholm area. In addition, we screened the TwinGene database for GD. In total, we found 44 MZ twin pairs with and eight MZ twins without GD to be evaluable. GD‐free twins from TwinGene (109 concordantly MZ and 126 independent DZ) served as controls. UGT1A1*28 genotyping was performed using TaqMan assays.

Results

Overall, 58 and 8 of 106 twins with GD were hetero‐ and homozygous UGT1A1 risk allele carriers respectively. The case–control association tests showed a significantly (P < 0.05) increased risk of developing GD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.00–2.63) in heterozygotes carriers and in addition, a trend (P = 0.075) for an increased risk among carriers (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.97–2.44) of the risk allele.

Conclusion

These data from Swedish twins confirm the Gilbert variant as risk factor for GD. Our observation is in line with nucleation in bilirubin supersaturated bile representing an initial step in cholelithogenesis.
Form, Narrative and Intertextuality in Wagner's Overture to Der fliegende Holländer
Authors: Moortele Steven Vande
Published: February 2013

In this essay I analyse the form of Wagner's overture to Der fliegende Holländer (1841) as part of a constellation that also includes the composer's published programme for the overture as well as the stage action and a few key musical events in the opera. To that end, I use analytical tools inspired by the ‘new Formenlehre’ (William Caplin's theory of formal functions and James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy's theory of sonata form) in conjunction with aspects of narrative and intertextuality. I argue that Wagner's innovative use of musical form in the overture functions as a background against which events in the opera are thrown into relief, so that both can be understood as two essentially different versions of the same narrative. In the overture, sophisticated manipulation of the conventions of musical form generates a symphonic narrative, while changes to the narrative in the opera are articulated by the reworking of aspects of that same musical form at crucial moments in the drama. Both the overture's form and the opera's dramaturgical design gain in significance through an intertextual dialogue that Wagner sets up between his opera and the model of Weber's Der Freischütz (1821).
Current Concepts in the Treatment of Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Fang Zhen‐hua , Waizy Hazibullah
Published: February 2013

Gouty arthritis is an extremely painful condition that causes functional impairment. Gouty arthritis has become increasingly complex because of multiple comorbidities, iatrogenic factors and hyperuricemia that is refractory to treatment. In this review, we present a general overview of gouty arthritis including its pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, predisposing factors and prophylactic therapy for preventing gouty arthritis flares.
Influence of therapist competence and quantity of cognitive behavioural therapy on suicidal behaviour and inpatient hospitalisation in a randomised controlled trial in borderline personality disorder: Further analyses of treatment effects in the BOSCOT study
Authors: Norrie John , Davidson Kate , Tata Philip , Gumley Andrew
Published: February 2013

Objectives

We investigated the treatment effects reported from a high‐quality randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for 106 people with borderline personality disorder attending community‐based clinics in the UK National Health Service – the BOSCOT trial. Specifically, we examined whether the amount of therapy and therapist competence had an impact on our primary outcome, the number of suicidal acts, using instrumental variables regression modelling.

Design

Randomized controlled trial. Participants from across three sites (London, Glasgow, and Ayrshire/Arran) were randomized equally to CBT for personality disorders (CBTpd) plus Treatment as Usual or to Treatment as Usual. Treatment as Usual varied between sites and individuals, but was consistent with routine treatment in the UK National Health Service at the time. CBTpd comprised an average 16 sessions (range 0–35) over 12 months.

Method

We used instrumental variable regression modelling to estimate the impact of quantity and quality of therapy received (recording activities and behaviours that took place after randomization) on number of suicidal acts and inpatient psychiatric hospitalization.

Results

A total of 101 participants provided full outcome data at 2 years post randomization. The previously reported intention‐to‐treat (ITT) results showed on average a reduction of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.15–1.67) suicidal acts over 2 years for those randomized to CBT. By incorporating the influence of quantity of therapy and therapist competence, we show that this estimate of the effect of CBTpd could be approximately two to three times greater for those receiving the right amount of therapy from a competent therapist.

Conclusions

Trials should routinely control for and collect data on both quantity of therapy and therapist competence, which can be used, via instrumental variable regression modelling, to estimate treatment effects for optimal delivery of therapy. Such estimates complement rather than replace the ITT results, which are properly the principal analysis results from such trials.

Practitioner points

Assessing the impact of the quantity and quality of therapy (competence of therapists) is complex.

More competent therapists, trained in CBTpd, may significantly reduce the number of suicidal act in patients with borderline personality disorder.
Preliminary evaluation of F1 generation derived from two common bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris) from Nicaragua
Authors: Jiménez Oswalt R. , Korpelainen Helena
Published: February 2013

Germplasm improvement is a conceivable solution for increasing food production in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were to incorporate the genetic diversity of two Nicaraguan common bean landraces into a segregating population and to evaluate its potential as breeding material. Adapted landraces PV0006 and PV0023 were selected as parents for single crosses based on molecular and phenotypic characteristics. The results indicate that we succeeded in reshuffling most of the genetic diversity of both parents into a segregating population. The level of allele recombinations suggests that theoretically between 128 and 1024 different pure lines could be obtained. We found putative associations between alleles and yield‐determinant components. Computer simulations demonstrated that the pedigree method and the marker selection of the most segregating individuals in the F1 generation could improve the genetic gains for yield. These findings expose the potential of this segregating population and the feasibility of local landraces for bean improvement.
Fucosterol Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Promotes Type‐1 Procollagen Production in UVB‐induced HaCaT Cells
Authors: Kim Myung‐Suk , Oh Ga‐Hui , Kim Min‐Ji , Hwang Jae‐Kwan
Published: February 2013

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages human skin and causes skin diseases such as epidermal hyperplasia, sunburn, inflammatory responses and photoaging. Photoaging is associated with upregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and downregulated collagen synthesis. Fucosterol, which is isolated from marine brown algae, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities; however, its effects on photoaging are unknown. This study assessed the effects of fucosterol on photoaging and investigated its mechanisms of action in UV‐irradiated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis and 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Our results showed that fucosterol attenuated UV‐induced MMP and inflammatory cytokine expression by deactivating mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) induced by reactive oxygen species. Fucosterol also increased type‐I procollagen and antioxidant enzyme expression. Taken together, fucosterol regulates the expression of MMPs and type‐I procollagen in UV‐irradiated HaCaT by modulating MAPK, suggesting it as a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of skin aging.
“We may be pirates, but we are not protesters”: Identity in the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Authors: Stuart Avelie , Thomas Emma F. , Donaghue Ngaire , Russell Adam
Published: February 2013

Radical activist organizations face the complex task of managing their identity so as to draw political attention but also to appear legitimate and thus gain public support. In this article we develop a picture of the identities of Sea Shepherd Conservation Society (SSCS) members, a group mostly known for their direct action against whaling, via a thematic analysis of material from the SSCS website and interviews with SSCS members. In online commentary, founder Captain Paul Watson establishes several deliberately paradoxical notions of who the Sea Shepherds are. We relate these identity statements to interviews with core activists to examine how they manage the identity conflicts resulting from the group identity, such as being seen as “pirates” and “hard lined vegans.” We found that SSCS positions themselves as a diverse and unstructured organization, yet distinctively passionate and willing to take action where others will not. The implications of this research are discussed in relation to the importance of understanding the constraints and conflicts around political activist identities.
The ethylene receptor ETR1 is required for Fusarium oxysporum pathogenicity
Authors: Pantelides I. S. , Tjamos S. E. , Pappa S. , Kargakis M. , Paplomatas E. J.
Published: February 2013

Fusarium oxysporum is a ubiquitous vascular wilt plant pathogen causing severe yield losses in a wide range of economically important crops. In this study, the interaction between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and Arabidopsis thaliana plants impaired in the salicylate (SA), jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) defence signalling pathways was investigated to better understand the nature of this plant–microbe interaction. The in planta bioassays revealed a key role for the ETR1 receptor as the etr1‐1 mutant plants exhibited statistically less Fusarium wilt symptoms compared to the other mutant and Col‐0 plants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis associated the decrease in symptom severity shown in etr1‐1 plants with reduced vascular growth of the pathogen, suggesting the activation of defence mechanisms in etr1‐1 plants against F. oxysporum. Furthermore, the early activation and increased accumulation of the SA‐responsive PR1, PR2 and PR5 genes in the etr1‐1 plants, in contrast to the Col‐0 plants that showed higher transcript levels of the JA/ET‐responsive PR3, PR4 and PDF1.2 genes after F. oxysporum inoculation, can lead to speculation that F. oxysporum hijacks ETR1‐mediated ethylene signalling to promote disease development in plants.
Neural correlates of behavioral variation in healthy adults' antisaccade performance
Authors: Schaeffer David J. , Amlung Michael T. , Li Qingyang , Krafft Cynthia E. , Austin Benjamin P. , Dyckman Kara A. , McDowell Jennifer E.
Published: February 2013

Cognitive control is required for correct antisaccade performance. High antisaccade error rates characterize certain psychiatric disorders, but can be highly variable, even among healthy groups. Antisaccade data were acquired from a large sample of healthy undergraduates, and error rate was quantified. Participants who reliably made few errors (good, n = 13) or many errors (poor, n = 13) were recruited back to perform antisaccades during fMRI acquisition. A data‐derived model was used to compare signal between good and poor performers during blocks of antisaccade trials. Behaviorally derived regressors were used to compare signal between good and poor performers during correct and error trials. Results show differential activation in middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule between good and poor performers, suggesting that failure to recruit these top‐down control regions corresponds to poor antisaccade performance in healthy young adults.
I'm too calm—Let's take a risk! On the impact of state and trait arousal on risk taking
Authors: Schmidt Barbara , Mussel Patrick , Hewig Johannes
Published: February 2013

Theories of an optimal level of arousal suggest that underaroused humans seek stimulation to enhance their arousal. One way to increase arousal is risky behavior during gambling. In the current study, we show that the lower the participants' resting arousal, measured via resting heart rate, the riskier they acted in a gamble and the faster they responded, indicating less impulse control. Participants with low resting heart rate also perceived the risk options in the gamble as less arousing and less risky compared to participants with higher resting heart rate. Partial correlations show that resting heart rate, risk behavior, and ratings were interrelated. After physical exercise, participants tended to behave less risky in the gamble compared to a control condition without exercise. Thus, both trait and state arousal effects indicate an inverse relationship of arousal and risky behavior.
X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variation are not risk factors for asthma
Authors: Roscioli Eugene , Hamon Rhys , Ruffin Richard E. , Zalewski Peter , Grant Janet , Lester Susan
Published: February 2013

Background and objective

Aberrant apoptosis in asthma contributes to airway inflammation. Early apoptosis and fragility of airway epithelial cells and delayed apoptosis of inflammatory lymphocytes can cooperate to increase airway inflammation. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variation (CNV) in the Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein repeat‐containing 4 (BIRC4) gene (which encodes X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) were evaluated for associations with asthma.

Methods

Asthma cases (n = 203) were identified from Caucasian cohort participants in the North West Adelaide Health Study and matched with 198 controls. Asthma status was defined using self‐report of doctor‐diagnosed asthma, in conjunction with spirometry and bronchodilator response. Seven SNPs, which spanned the entire BIRC4 gene, were selected for the study on the basis of a haplotype tagging approach. SNPs genotyping was performed on the SEQUENOM MassARRAY iPLEX Gold platform, and genotyping success rate was > 98%. BIRC4 gene CNV was measured using a duplex Taqman qPCR assay, with RNAseP as the reference gene. Alleles and haplotype associations were analysed by logistic regression, assuming an additive genetic model, and adjusted for gender and atopy.

Results

BIRC4 gene copy number was determined entirely by gender. All SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for both case and control females. BIRC4 allele and haplotype frequencies were comparable between asthma cases and controls.

Conclusions

There is no evidence of CNV in BIRC4, and BIRC4 is not a susceptibility gene for asthma.
Perspective in Africana Feminism; Exploring Expressions of Black Feminism/Womanism in the African Diaspora
Authors: Norwood Carolette
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses perspectives in Africana feminist thought. While, not an exhaustive review of the entire diaspora, three regions are discussed: Africa, North America, and the Caribbean. Despite great cultural diversity between and within these geographies, there are, too, great commonalities in Africana women’s lived experience under colonialism and slavery. It is these shared experiences that helped shaped and develop this distinct brand of feminism, which is universally concerned with the ways women manage and challenge multiple oppressions.

Additionally, the feminism that emerged out these experiences is fundamentally commissioned with the task of breaking down and deconstructing racist and sexist ideologies that devalue their humanity. This brand of feminism is, likewise, charged with the duty of transforming societies through both intellectual and pragmatic approaches. Across Africa and her diaspora, Africana women share a rich and powerful history of resistance, despite attempts to silence and make them invisible.
A Review of the Evidence on Technology‐Based Interventions for the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence in College Health
Authors: Brown Joanne
Published: February 2013

Background

The college years are a critical time in the development of smoking behavior and tobacco use. Smoking is linked to 30% of cancer deaths, 80% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and early cardiovascular disease and death. Effective cessation interventions at this time provide an opportunity to drastically reduce premature morbidity and mortality.

Aims

To review available evidence on Internet interventions with young adults, including methodology, theoretical frameworks and outcome measures for tobacco treatment to guide the development of a program in college health.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search for studies published from January 1999 to February 2011, in multiple databases was conducted, along with hand‐searching of reference lists. Inclusion criteria were: participants aged 18–30 years, intervention involved the Internet through either Web sites or e‐mail or texting, and outcome measurement of tobacco cessation/abstinence. Studies were evaluated utilizing a tool synthesized from guidelines presented by the Cochrane Collaboration.

Findings

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (four randomized controlled trials, four cohort studies). Theoretical frameworks utilized were the Transtheoretical Model of Change, Health Belief Model, Theory of Social Support, and social cognitive theory. Interventions varied and included computer‐generated advice letters, Web‐based cessation guides, computer‐generated text messages, and peer e‐mail support. With smoking abstinence as the primary outcome measure, there was a statistically significant improvement in quit rates. Because of the use of multiple components, differences in interventions and the number of contacts, it is not clear what types of computer‐based applications are most effective. Small sample sizes, lack of control groups, and inconsistency in outcome measures limit the ability to provide conclusive evidence to support these interventions—but support the feasibility to use in the design of future programs.

Conclusions

Use of technology‐based interventions, such as the Internet, may be an effective tool for tobacco treatment interventions, especially with college students. There is great potential to reach large numbers of students, many who may not identify themselves as smokers or seek traditional methods for treatment. Additional research is needed to determine which technology‐based interventions are most effective and to provide more conclusive evidence.
Kv3 channel assembly, trafficking and activity are regulated by zinc through different binding sites
Authors: Gu Yuanzheng , Barry Joshua , Gu Chen
Published: February 2013

Key points

Kv3 channels play a critical role in neuronal fast spiking and their regulation can profoundly influence the functions of various neural circuits.

Zinc reversibly inhibits fast spiking in cultured neurons by inhibiting Kv3 channels. Surprisingly, we found that the zinc inhibition is not through its known site in the N‐terminal T1 domain of Kv3.1.

We have identified a new zinc‐binding site in the Kv3.1 C‐terminus, involved in regulating channel activity and targeting, but not the zinc inhibition.

We have also identified the junction between the first transmembrane segment and the first extracellular loop as the major zinc‐sensing site in regulating Kv3 activity. This result allows us to reconstitute zinc‐resistant fast spiking.

Kv3 channel assembly, localization and activity are regulated by zinc through intracellular and extracellular binding sites.

Abstract  Zinc, a divalent heavy metal ion and an essential mineral for life, regulates synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability via ion channels. However, its binding sites and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we report that Kv3 channel assembly, localization and activity are regulated by zinc through different binding sites. Local perfusion of zinc reversibly reduced spiking frequency of cultured neurons most likely by suppressing Kv3 channels. Indeed, zinc inhibited Kv3.1 channel activity and slowed activation kinetics, independent of its site in the N‐terminal T1 domain. Biochemical assays surprisingly identified a novel zinc‐binding site in the Kv3.1 C‐terminus, critical for channel activity and axonal targeting, but not for the zinc inhibition. Finally, mutagenesis revealed an important role of the junction between the first transmembrane (TM) segment and the first extracellular loop in sensing zinc. Its mutant enabled fast spiking with relative resistance to the zinc inhibition. Therefore, our studies provide novel mechanistic insights into the multifaceted regulation of Kv3 channel activity and localization by divalent heavy metal ions.
Relative lability of gold-oxide thin films in contact with air, solvents, or electrolyte solutions
Authors: Cook Kevin M. , Ferguson Gregory S.
Published: February 2013

The lability of gold-oxide thin films in contact with air, pure solvents, or electrolyte solutions was investigated by monitoring film thicknesses using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Surface compositions were monitored using low-energy ion scattering. The oxide was inert in air over 24 h, but decomposed partially in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, and completely in ethanol, within the same period. The film thicknesses decreased significantly in THF solutions of Bu4NPF6 and Bu4NBF4, but were more inert in solutions of Bu4NClO4 and LiClO4 in the same solvent, making the latter more suitable choices as supporting electrolytes in electrochemical studies.
Computational problems in introductory physics: Lessons from a bead on a wire
Authors: Bensky Thomas J. , Moelter Matthew J.
Published: February 2013

We have found that incorporating computer programming into introductory physics requires problems suited for numerical treatment while still maintaining ties with the analytical themes in a typical introductory-level university physics course. In this paper, we discuss a numerical adaptation of a system commonly encountered in the introductory physics curriculum: the dynamics of an object constrained to move along a curved path. A numerical analysis of this problem that includes a computer animation can provide many insights and pedagogical avenues not possible with the usual analytical treatment. We present two approaches for computing the instantaneous kinematic variables of an object constrained to move along a path described by a mathematical function. The first is a pedagogical approach, appropriate for introductory students in the calculus-based sequence. The second is a more generalized approach, suitable for simulations of more complex scenarios.
Elucidating Fermi's golden rule via bound-to-bound transitions in a confined hydrogen atom
Authors: Ugray L. M. , Shiell R. C.
Published: February 2013

We demonstrate an effective method for calculating bound-to-continuum cross-sections by examining transitions to bound states above the ionization energy that result from placing the system of interest within an infinite spherical well. Using photoionization of the hydrogen atom as an example, we demonstrate convergence between this approach for a large volume of confinement and an exact analytical alternate approach that uses energy-normalized continuum wavefunctions, which helps to elucidate the implementation of Fermi's golden rule. As the radius of confinement varies, the resulting changes in physical behavior of the system are presented and discussed. The photoionization cross-sections from a variety of atomic states with principal quantum number n are seen to obey particular scaling laws.
DNA Sensing Is a (c)GAS
Authors: Mueller Kristen L.
Published: February 2013

Cyclic GMP-AMP acts as a second messenger that turns on antiviral immunity in response to cytoplasmic DNA.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Enterovirus 85 (HEV85) Recombinant with an Unknown New Serotype HEV-B Donor Sequence Isolated from a Child with Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Sun Qiang , Zhang Yong , Cui Hui , Zhu Shuangli , Zhu Zhen , Huang Guohong , Li Xiaolei , Zhang Bo , Yan Dongmei , An Hongqiu , Xu Wenbo
Published: February 2013

A Chinese human enterovirus 85 (HEV85) isolate, HTYT-ARL-AFP02F/XJ/CHN/2011, was isolated from a stool specimen of a child with acute flaccid paralysis in Xinjiang, China, in 2011. The complete genome sequence revealed that a natural intertypic recombination event had occurred between HEV85 and a previously undescribed serotype of HEV-B.
Genome Sequence of the Acidophilic Bacterium
Acidocella
sp. Strain MX-AZ02
Authors: Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E. , Garrett Roger A. , Amils Ricardo , Martínez-Romero Esperanza
Published: February 2013

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Acidocella
sp. strain MX-AZ02, an acidophilic and heterotrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a geothermal lake in western Mexico.
Complete Genome Sequence of the
Crocuta crocuta
Papillomavirus Type 1 (CcrPV1) from a Spotted Hyena, the First Papillomavirus Characterized in a Member of the
Hyaenidae
Authors: Stevens Hans , Heylen Elisabeth , De Keyser Karlien , Maes Roger , Kiupel Matti , Wise Annabel , Nelson Keith , Holekamp Kay , Engh Anne , McKnight Christy , Van Ranst Marc , Rector Annabel
Published: February 2013

We report the complete genomic sequence of the
Crocuta crocuta
papillomavirus type 1 (CcrPV1), isolated from an oral papillomatous lesion of a wild spotted hyena. This virus is the first papillomavirus found in a species belonging to the
Hyaenidae
family of carnivores, and it can be classified in the genus
Lambdapapillomavirus
.
Genome Sequence of a Novel Virus of the Species Human Adenovirus D Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Matsushima Yuki , Shimizu Hideaki , Kano Atsuko , Nakajima Etsuko , Ishimaru Yoko , Dey Shuvra Kanti , Watanabe Yuki , Adachi Fuyuka , Mitani Kohnosuke , Fujimoto Tsuguto , Phan Tung Gia , Ushijima Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

A novel virus of the species human adenovirus D, HAdV-67 (P-New/H9/F25), was first isolated from diarrheal feces of six children in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The genome of this novel virus may be composed of multiple recombinations among HAdV-9, HAdV-25, HAdV-26, HAdV-33, HAdV-46, and an unknown human adenovirus D which was an origin of HAdV-67.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Piezophilic, Mesophilic, Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis AM13
T
Authors: Ji Boyang , Gimenez Gregory , Barbe Valérie , Vacherie Benoît , Rouy Zoé , Amrani Amira , Fardeau Marie-Laure , Bertin Philippe , Alazard Didier , Leroy Sabine , Talla Emmanuel , Ollivier Bernard , Dolla Alain , Pradel Nathalie
Published: February 2013

Desulfovibrio hydrothermalis
AM13
T
is a piezophilic, mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic sulfate-reducing bacterium collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney on the East Pacific Rise (2,600 m depth, 13°N). We report the genome sequence of this bacterium, which includes a 3,702,934-bp chromosome and a circular plasmid of 5,328 bp.
Genome Sequence of
Alcaligenes
sp. Strain HPC1271
Authors: Kapley Atya , Sagarkar Sneha , Tanksale Himgouri , Sharma Nandita , Qureshi Asifa , Khardenavis Anshuman , Purohit Hemant J.
Published: February 2013

We report a draft genome sequence of
Alcaligenes
sp. strain HPC1271, which demonstrates antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic production by
Alcaligenes
has not been frequently reported, and hence, the availability of the genome sequence should enable us to explore new antibiotic-producing gene clusters.
Kikuchi—Fujimoto disease: a rare presentation of a groin lump
Authors: Shah Shayan , Vijendren Ananth , Obichere Marion
Published: February 2013

Lumps in the groin frequently present to the accident and emergency department and can relate to a number of diseases that require different management. Kikuchi's disease, first described in Japan in 1972 is a form of histiocytic necrotising lymphadenitis. It was discovered as a result of patients who were previously diagnosed with lymphoma but then recovered too quickly for it to be lymphoma. There appears to be no association with other pathologies but it remains important to exclude any autoimmune diseases and other causes of lymphadenopathy. We present a single rare case of a 39-year-old Caucasian gentleman who presented with a tender right inguinal groin lump.
Cervical and mediastinal emphysema associated with an asthma exacerbation
Authors: Khan Waseem Asrar , Abbas Shoneen , Bright John
Published: February 2013

Surgical emphysema associated with an acute asthma exacerbation is very rare. This report presents the case of a 19- year-old male patient with a background of asthma who presented with palpable cervical surgical emphysema and CT evidence of mediastinal emphysema. There are only a limited number of case reports associated with surgical emphysema in the absence of pneumothorax in patients with an asthma exacerbation. Evidence with regard to the management of such cases is limited and is largely consensus based. Below we discuss the case in a greater detail.
A STUDY OF SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND END-OF-LIFE HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR OLDER PEOPLE WITH HEART FAILURE AND LUNG CANCER IN ENGLAND
Authors: Hanratty B , Lowson E , Grande G , Addington-Hall J , Seymour J , Payne S
Published: February 2013

Introduction

At the end of life, a move into or out of hospital is one of the most disruptive events for older adults and their carers, with consequences for their mental, physical and emotional wellbeing. Evidence from elsewhere suggests that transitions are frequent and make little contribution to patients' wellbeing. Little is known about socioeconomic differences in end of life hospital admissions in England.

Aims and Methods

To investigate patterns of end-of-life hospital admissions by socioeconomic disadvantage. Analysis of linked hospital episode statistics and mortality data for England.

Results

Between 2001 and 2010, 300,304 people aged over 75 were admitted to hospital in England at least once in their last year of life with a diagnosis of lung cancer or heart failure. Eighty five percent of people admitted with lung cancer and 72% of heart failure cases underwent a transition into hospital in the last 3 months of life. In multivariate analysis, lower socioeconomic status (given by the index of multiple deprivation) being male and younger age were associated with frequent hospital admissions amongst people with heart failure (above the 90th centile). For lung cancer cases, younger age and male sex were associated with numbers of admissions above the 90th centile. People with lung cancer in the most disadvantaged IMD quintile were less likely to be admitted frequently, adjusting for age and sex. Residence in a care home was not associated with frequent admissions to hospital.

Conclusions

Hospital admissions at the end of life are frequent, and vary with social disadvantage. Equitable end-of-life care in the community should be a future priority.
INTERCALATED BONE PEG IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-UNITED SCAPHOID FRACTURES
Authors: El-Sallakh Sameh , Mousa Weam , Aly Tarek
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Untreated ununited scaphoid fractures will almost inevitably progress to radiographic and symptomatic osteoarthritis of the wrist. This may lead to subsequent morbidity and lifelong disability especially in young males in which the fracture scaphoid is more common. Patients and methods: Twenty-one patients presenting non-united fracture scaphoid were operated upon by using disto-proximal bone peg technique with average time between injury and operation as 11 months (6–18 months). All of them male with average age of 26 years (17–35 years). There were 17 patients with fracture waist (80.9%) and four patients with fracture proximal pole (19.1%). Results: Anatomy of the wrist was restored and radiological healing confirmed in 17/21, partial healing in 3/21 and non-union in 3/21 patients. Eighteen patients (85.7%) were graded as satisfactory, 5 patients (23.8%) were graded as excellent, ten patients (47.6%) were graded as good, and three patients (14.3%) were graded as fair. The remaining three patients (14.3%) were graded as unsatisfactory. Conclusion: We conclude that the disto-proximal bone peg technique of taking the graft from the ipsilateral ulna without using any metal work for fixing scaphoid non-union fracture is a reliable, easy, and inexpensive alternative method. However, we would not recommend it for the non-union of the scaphoid proximal pole fracture. Also we find the time lag before operation is one of the most important factors to achieve union in non-united fractures of the scaphoid. Level of evidence: Therapeutic case series, level 1V.
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION CHARTS: A NEW VISUAL METHODOLOGY FOR THE SEMI-AUTOMATIC LOCALIZATION OF PROTEIN-RELATED DATA SETS
Authors: SOMMER BJÖRN , KORMEIER BENJAMIN , DEMENKOV PAVEL S. , ARRIGO PATRIZIO , HIPPE KLAUS , ATES ÖZGÜR , KOCHETOV ALEXEY V. , IVANISENKO VLADIMIR A. , KOLCHANOV NIKOLAY A. , HOFESTÄDT RALF
Published: February 2013

The CELLmicrocosmos PathwayIntegration (CmPI) was developed to support and visualize the subcellular localization prediction of protein-related data such as protein-interaction networks. From the start it was possible to manually analyze the localizations by using an interactive table. It was, however, quite complicated to compare and analyze the different localization results derived from data integration as well as text-mining-based databases. The current software release provides a new interactive visual workflow, the Subcellular Localization Charts. As an application case, a MUPP1-related protein-protein interaction network is localized and semi-automatically analyzed. It will be shown that the workflow was dramatically improved and simplified. In addition, it is now possible to use custom protein-related data by using the SBML format and get a view of predicted protein localizations mapped onto a virtual cell model.
METHOD OF FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION FOR AN INVERSE HEAT CONDUCTION PROBLEM WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS
Authors: LI MING , XIONG XIANG-TUAN , LI YAN
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we consider an inverse heat conduction problem with variable coefficient a(t). In many practical situations such as an on-line testing, we cannot know the initial condition for example because we have to estimate the problem for the heat process which was already started. Based on the method of fundamental solutions, we give a numerical scheme for solving the reconstruction problem. Since the governing equation contains variable coefficients, modified method of fundamental solutions was used to solve this kind of ill-posed problems. Some numerical examples are given for verifying the efficiency and accuracy of the presented method.
EXPONENTIAL CONVEXITY FOR DIVIDED DIFFERENCES RELATED TO HERMITE–HADAMARD INEQUALITIES
Authors: Pavić Z. , Pečarić J. , Vukelić A.
Published: February 2013

In this paper we obtain means which involve divided differences for n-convex functions. We examine their monotonicity property using exponentially convex functions.
Interactive Effects of Disturbance, Productivity, and Consumer Diversity on the Structure of Prey Communities
Authors: Steiner Christopher F.
Published: February 2013

Experiments show that consumer diversity can have important effects on the control of prey diversity and abundance. However, theory also indicates that the strength of consumer effects on such properties will vary depending on system productivity and disturbance regime. Using a laboratory-based system composed of ciliate consumers and bacterial prey, I explored the interactive effects of productivity, disturbance, and consumer diversity on prey diversity and trophic-level abundance. Consumer diversity had productivity-dependent effects on bacterial prey that were consistent with theoretical expectations. At low productivity, increasing consumer diversity reduced prey abundance while at high productivity no effects were detected due to compensatory responses among bacteria. In contrast, consumer diversity had weak effects on prey diversity at low productivity but significantly depressed prey diversity at high productivity. Disturbance on consumers enhanced prey diversity but did not alter consumer diversity effects on prey. These results indicate that consumer diversity may play an important role in the regulation of prey communities, but the strength of this effect varies with system productivity.
Fluorescence-Guided Surgery and Fluorescence Laparoscopy for Gastrointestinal Cancers in Clinically-Relevant Mouse Models
Authors: Metildi Cristina A. , Hoffman Robert M. , Bouvet Michael
Published: February 2013

There are many challenges that face surgeons when attempting curative resection for gastrointestinal cancers. The ability to properly delineate tumor margins for complete resection is of utmost importance in achieving cure and giving the patient the best chance of prolonged survival. Targeted tumor imaging techniques have gained significant interest in recent years to enable better identification of tumor lesions to improve diagnosis and treatment of cancer from preoperative staging modalities to optimizing the surgeon’s ability to visualize tumor margins at the initial operation. Using unique characteristics of the tumor to fluorescently label the tissue can delineate tumor margins from normal surrounding tissue, allowing improved precision of surgical resection. In this paper, different methods of fluorescently labeling native tumor are discussed as well as the development of fluorescence laparoscopy and the potential role for fluorescence-guided surgery in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
Ontology-Oriented Diagnostic System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Relation Refinement
Authors: Gu Peiqin , Chen Huajun , Yu Tong
Published: February 2013

Although Chinese medicine treatments have become popular recently, the complicated Chinese medical knowledge has made it difficult to be applied in computer-aided diagnostics. The ability to model and use the knowledge becomes an important issue. In this paper, we define the diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as discovering the fuzzy relations between symptoms and syndromes. An Ontology-oriented Diagnosis System (ODS) is created to address the knowledge-based diagnosis based on a well-defined ontology of syndromes. The ontology transforms the implicit relationships among syndromes into a machine-interpretable model. The clinical data used for feature selection is collected from a national TCM research institute in China, which serves as a training source for syndrome differentiation. The ODS analyzes the clinical cases to obtain a statistical mapping relation between each syndrome and associated symptom set, before rechecking the completeness of related symptoms via ontology refinement. Our diagnostic system provides an online web interface to interact with users, so that users can perform self-diagnosis. We tested 12 common clinical cases on the diagnosis system, and it turned out that, given the agree metric, the system achieved better diagnostic accuracy compared to nonontology method—92% of the results fit perfectly with the experts’ expectations.