bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable Selection and Data Quality Challenges in Impact Assessments
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, Roman Monica , Lucaciu Liliana-Olivia ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: September 2021

The research is focused on the role of two related key concepts, namely variables and data, in the impact evaluations of public projects. A difficult task of the evaluators and researchers is to select the appropriate variables to ensure the best model of reality and satisfy the evaluation methods' needs. Therefore, the paper aims to look at the current knowledge and discuss how variables and data could be best used to connect the evaluation models, the particularities of the intervention with the potential of the advanced quantitative assessment methods. The results emphasise that evaluations operate with data with different levels of granularity, as required by the intervention logic. Structuring data in clusters and categories, performing evaluability assessments are useful in assessing data quality and limitations and improving them. In line with the existing literature, we demonstrate that data accessibility is a key constraint and imposes adjustment of the desired evaluation model to a feasible one. While Big Data and Open Data systems significantly improved data quality in evaluations in recent years, blockchain, as a ledger technology with default features related to decentralisation and security, is expected to bring large benefits to evaluation. For evaluators and policymakers, blockchain potential is an area of further research looking for additional advantages that could enhance the use of quantitative methods.
Church and the War. The Vision of the Orthodox Monk Nicola Velimirović about World War I
Authors:   Faculty of Orthodox Theology, ", Morariu Iuliu Marius ,   Babes-Bolyai",   University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: September 2021

Using documents, books and articles written by Nicola Velimirović during World War I, this article investigates his attitude towards this conflagration and shows how his Christian views influence his outlook on this topic. Shared during his visits to the USA and England and via lectures given in venues like Westminster Abbey or Oxford University, his ideas make him a militant for peace and, at the same time, a man who defends his country's cause in front of the Austro-Hungarian abuses. Investigating his writings from this point of view is important because he manages to show a different face of the future Serbian bishop and brings to the fore his concerns regarding his contemporary society.
Trends in the Development of Social Work: Postmodern Ideas and Prospects
Authors:   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Savelchuk Iryna , Bybyk Daria ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Zhytynska Mariia ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Ivzhenko Inna ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Mikheiva Oksana ,   National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Kunytsia Tetiana ,   Institute of Educational Problems National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine
Published: September 2021

The main tendencies of social work from the standpoint of postmodernist theory are considered in this article. It is determined that postmodernism is characterized by: the production of a cult of individual independence, a philosophical vision of real life as a theatre of the absurd, where emphasis is placed on the realities of real life, collective subconscious, interweaving of different styles, significant parody and irony of social processes. It has been established that social work in postmodernism is due to the growing need for a critical understanding of the crisis state of modern society and viewing relations with the state, the market, users of services and society. Social work in the postmodern period is accompanied by a number of social challenges, among which we consider the psychological distress of citizens, cultural competence and virtualization of the individual. The philosophy of postmodernism is based on the relativity and absence of reality, which is often replaced by virtuality, in which people spend a lot of their time, which raises debates about whether a virtual personality can be considered a personality. The main problem of information socialization of the individual is the problem of readiness and ability of man in such a world to approach a more humane understanding of social phenomena. The study highlights the hierarchy of social work and identifies its postmodern transformations.
Warunki rozwoju rekreacji w strefie podmiejskiej Bratysławy
Authors: Mariot Peter
Published: September 2021

W artykule zaprezentowano wielkość i zagospodarowanie rekreacyjne strefy podmiejskiej Bratysławy. Autor dokonuje szacunku liczby osób wypoczywających w strefie podmiejskiej tego miasta wskazując pozytywny i negatywny wpływ funkcji rekreacyjnej na środowisko geograficzne analizowanego obszaru.
Ewolucja struktury przestrzenno-funkcjonalnej osiedla pod wpływem rozwoju rekreacji na przykładzie wsi Charzykowy koło Chojnic
Authors: Stachowski Jan
Published: September 2021

W opracowaniu zaprezentowano ewolucję struktury przestrzenno-funkcjonalnej osiedla, stymulowaną rozwojem rekreacji, obserwowaną w nadjeziornej miejscowości Charzykowy koło Chojnic, we wschodniej części Pojezierza Pomorskiego.
Digression sur le « mespris » dans les Erreurs populaires de Gaspard Bachot
Authors: Koźluk Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Dans le discours scientifique au XVIIe siècle en France, la digression est un procédé rhétorique souvent utilisé par les auteurs. Une excursion longue de onze pages reste cependant une rareté dans l’art d’Esculape, plus encore quand elle traite du mépris. Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’analyser une digression sur les causes du mépris du milieu médical se trouvant dans les Erreurs populaires de Gaspard Bachot (1570-1630), conseiller et médecin du Roy à Moulin. Afin de faciliter la compréhension du mépris et de son objet dans le contexte du savoir médical, nous essayons d’abord de situer ce fragment dans le cadre de la genèse de l’ouvrage lui-même (Les Erreurs populaires de Bachot comme continuation des Erreurs populaires de Laurent Joubert). Ensuite, nous étudions le contenu de la digression bachotienne afin d’en dégager les principaux motifs du mépris relevés par le médecin dans la médecine de l’époque. Leur analyse fera ensuite apparaître une hiérarchie du corps médical. Nous terminerons notre parcours par la présentation d’un manifeste éthique embrassant le canon des règles qui, seules, selon Bachot, peuvent sauver la médecine.
Le théâtre français de contestation sociale autour de 1900 : l’exemple de Dégénérés ! de Michel Provins
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Dégénérés ! de Michel Provins est une œuvre particulière dans le répertoire du théâtre français de contestation sociale. Inspiré par les traités médicaux sur les cas de « dégénérescence », le dramaturge décide d’y brosser les portraits de bourgeois égoïstes et pervers qui, au lieu de remplir leurs obligations envers la société, s’enlisent dans une vie de débauche. L’écrivain exprime un mépris sincère à l’égard des élites moralement abaissées qui contribuent à la dégradation de toute la nation. Tout d’abord, il fustige les travers des politiciens qui font carrière aux dépens des plus démunis, puis, il dénigre les hommes d’affaires et banquiers qui s’enrichissent outrageusement par la spéculation, et enfin, il s’en prend aux artistes et littérateurs qui propagent des vices dévastateurs pour la santé publique. En dépit de son langage virulent, Provins ne pense pas à se rallier aux anarchistes, il veut bouleverser les consciences afin de régénérer l’humanité.
Du mépris à la dignité : Bakhita de Véronique Olmi
Authors: Żurawska Anna
Published: September 2021

Le roman de Véronique Olmi, Bakhita (2017) retrace l’histoire de sainte Joséphine Bakhita en démontrant le processus qui va du mépris, de l’humiliation, de l’animalisation à l’acquisition de la dignité, voire à la sainteté. Le texte met l’accent non pas sur la dégradation des sentiments et de l’être humain, mais il montre comment dépasser les limites imposées par le mépris des autres et atteindre la plénitude. L’objectif du présent article sera, dans un premier temps, d’étudier des manifestations du mépris et des moyens littéraires qui permettent de l’exprimer. Dans un deuxième temps, l’analyse se centrera sur le processus qui va du mépris vers la plénitude, dans l’acception que lui donne Charles Taylor. Enfin, il sera aussi intéressant de poser la question sur les raisons du succès de ce roman « hagiographique » en France laïque.
Context, Cognition, and Communication: Understanding how the Psychology of Location Affects Health and Medical Communication
Authors: Amant Kirk St.
Published: September 2021

Prior research reveals that cognition – or how the mind processes information – often guides human behavior in familiar settings (St.Amant, 2018). Such factors can affect the communication practices persons use to convey information about health concepts or medical processes (Hamm, 2003; St.Amant, 2021). The challenge becomes anticipating such connections in order to create texts and visuals audiences can understand and use to meet healthcare needs. This article presents an approach to meeting this need by applying the concept of cognitive scripts to understand and address the communication expectations audiences often associated with health and medical settings. In presenting these ideas, the article begins with an explanation of how cognitive scripts can affect communication processes. From there, the author advocates applying script dynamics to health and medical communication practices. To do so, the author expands upon ideas in the literature on cognitive scripts to create a script-based approach for researching an audience’s expectations of healthcare situations. The author then describes how to apply the information collected from this research to create communication materials audiences can more easily use in healthcare contexts. The result is a three-factor method that focuses on applying cognitive scripts to identify and address an audience’s expectations for healthcare communication in a given context. Readers can then use this approach to design healthcare communication materials that audiences can easily and effectively use.
Seaweed as a potential protein supplement in animal feeds
Authors:   North Carolina State University, USA, Kim Sung Woo
Published: September 2021

With increasing demand for meat and dairy products but limited capacity for expanding crop production, there is need for alternative feed sources. Careful selection of seaweed species based on nutrient content and profiles could allow successful use of seaweed as an alternative protein supplement in animal feeds. This chapter introduces seaweed as a potential alternative protein supplement in animal feeds as well as current challenges in its use.
Solar energy conversion, oxygen evolution and carbon assimilation in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, USA, Shen Gaozhong
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on the solar energy conversion in light harvesting and light-driven electron transport for production of reducing power for CO2 fixation in prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae.
Extraction of proteins and other functional components from red seaweed (Rhodophyta)
Authors:   National Food Institute - Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, Jacobsen Charlotte , Naseri Alireza ,   LACTOSAN A/S, Denmark, Løvstad Holdt Susan ,   National Food Institute - Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
Published: September 2021

Red seaweeds are a major industrial source of agar and carrageenan. They also contain high amounts of other polysaccharides and higher amounts of proteins than brown seaweeds. Some species of red seaweed also contain polyphenols with antioxidant activities as well as being a source of carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. However, there are currently no commercial-scale methods for extracting those bioactive compounds. This chapter provides an overview of various methods for extracting all these functional compounds from red seaweeds. Whereas the main emphasis is on the extractions of proteins, extractions of polysaccharides (carrageenan and agar) and antioxidants (phenolic compounds) are covered. Multi-extraction approaches for extractions of bioactive compounds from red seaweeds are also described.
Developments in commercial scale farming of microalgae and seaweeds
Authors:   Duke University, USA, Loftus Sarah E. , Johnson Zackary I. ,   Duke University, USA
Published: September 2021

Expanding markets for microalgae and macroalgae products have led to increased development of commercial farming operations. While microalgae and macroalgae, or seaweed, have historically been harvested in many parts of globe, more recent developments seek to improve productivity, decrease production costs, increase scale, and mitigate environmental impacts of cultivation. This chapter highlights some of those recent developments and identifies future focus areas for research and development.
Developing seaweed/macroalgae as feed for pigs
Authors:   Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain, López-Alonso Marta , García-Vaquero Marco ,   University College Dublin, Ireland, Miranda Marta ,   Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Published: September 2021

Macroalgae are a promising source of nutritional ingredients including proteins, polysaccharides and minerals. The need to increase animal and feed production has increased interest in macroalgae as underutilised resources with promising applications as alternative animal feeds. This chapter summarizes the nutritional attributes of macroalgae in terms of macro and micronutrients as a source of protein and other compounds in pig nutrition. The benefits of macroalgae or macroalgal derived extracts in feed are discussed together with future trends and challenges in the development of effective feed formulations.
Developing macroalgae and microalgae as feed for fish
Authors:   Jiangxi Agricultural University, China, Peng Mo , Ai Chunxiang ,   Xiamen University, China, Luo Zhi ,   Huazhong Agricultural University, China, Ai Qinghui ,   Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education of China), Ocean University of China, China
Published: September 2021

The rapid expansion of aquaculture industry is severely restricted by the shortage of key feed ingredients such as fishmeal and fish oil. Application of marine plants (macro and microalgae) as dietary ingredients could potentially overcome the limitation of key feed ingredients used in aquafeed. Macroalgae and microalgae contain considerable amounts of protein, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched lipid and different bioactive functional compounds. Feeding macroalgae and microalgae meal has been proved to improve growth, overall health, reproductive performance, and fillet quality of fish. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of the use of macro and microalgae in aquafeed and their effects on overall fish performance.
From teaching experience. VIII. Grid ornaments
Authors:   Geological Institute of FRC KSC RAS, Voytekhovsky Yu. L.
Published: September 2021

After 7 symmetry groups of borders, 17 symmetry groups of grid ornaments are the next step on the way to 230 space symmetry groups in the university course of crystallography. A simple derivation of grid ornaments is proposed, combining the search for 10 flat clusters and their translations in 5 parallelogram grids. Analysis of grid ornaments in the urban landscape (artistic mosaics, wall claddings, floorings, etc.) draws students to the actual problem of the prevalence of 230 space symmetry groups in minerals.
Seasonal Variability of Waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Rahman Md. Naimur , Shozib Sajjad Hossain
Published: September 2021

Waterlogging hazard is a significant environmental issue closely linked to land use for sustainable urbanization. NDWI is widely and effectively used in identifying and visualizing surface water distribution based on satellite imagery. Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI TIRS images of pre and post-monsoon (2002, 2019) have been used. The main objective of this study is to detect the seasonal variation of waterlogging in Rangpur City Corporation (RPCC) in 2002 and 2019. In the present study, we used an integrated procedure by using ArcGIS raster analysis. For pre and post-monsoon, almost 93% accuracy was obtained from image analysis. Results show that in 2002 during the pre and post-monsoon period, waterlogged areas were about 159.58 km2 and 32.32 km2, respectively, wherein in 2019, the changes in waterlogged areas are reversed than 2002. In 2019, during pre-monsoon, waterlogged area areas were 122.79 km2, and during post-monsoon, it increased to 127.05 km2. The research also depicts that the trend of the waterlogging situation largely depends on seasonal rainfall and a flawed drainage system.

Keywords : Seasonal variation; Waterlogging; Remote sensing; GIS; Rangpur City Corporation

 

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
Trophicity decline and fibroid nodule necrosis in pregnant patients. The problem of physician’s difficult choice
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Tskhay V.B. , Kaplunov V.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Andreeva A.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Perinatal Center, Badmaeva S.Zh. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Polstyanaya G.N. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Kuzmina S.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Perinatal Center, Dzhunagova E.S. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Perinatal Center
Published: September 2021

Th e prevalence of uterine fibrosis during pregnancy is considered to be relatively low and totals 3-12 %. However, uterine fi brosis may lead to severe complications during pregnancy such as miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, placenta praevia, trophicity decline and fi broid nodule necrosis. Myomectomy is rarely performed on pregnant patients due to the fear of miscarriage and the risk of uncontrolled bleeding necessitating hysterectomy. This article reports our own cases of removal of subserosal leiomyoma that had led to septic or aseptic necrosis. It is claimed that myomectomy performed on thoroughly selected patients prevents sepsis induced by septic of aseptic necrosis of the fi broid nodule and also prevents impairment of functions of adjacent organs.
Historical development of estimated fetal weight calculation
Authors:   Chita State Medical Academy, Alekseeva A.Yu. , Ziganshin A.M. ,   Bashkir State Medical University
Published: September 2021

Accurate calculation of the estimated fetal weight is necessary for the choice of a correct approach to management of labour. Th e existing methods are not universal and require complex application. Th is article presents a review of literatures published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases in 1955-2021 and devoted to historical aspects in development of the existing clinical and instrumental approaches to calculation of estimated fetal weight. The paper presents existing methods for calculation of estimated fetal weight at diff erent gestational ages as well as methods making it possible to predict fetal weight before gestation onset. Data on their informative value during the third trimester and alterations in their accuracy depending on the pregnant patient’s BMI are presented. Th e topic of application of magnet-resonance imaging for fetometry is considered with comparison of this approach to a more common method of ultrasonography.
Intestinal microbiota – a new risk factor in cardiovascular diseases
Authors:   Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lyapina I.N. , Zavyrylina P.N. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University, Nacheva L.V. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University
Published: September 2021

Th e search for new mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains relevant. In recent times, signifi cant attention has been drawn to investigation of the role of intestinal microbiota as a risk factor in different of metabolic disorders and CVD development. In pathological conditions, microbiota may act as an independent factor defi ning the adverse prognosis of the disease, exert infl uence on drug metabolism and facilitate production of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites capable of inducing side eff ects. Th is review presents data on the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure and also discusses methods and new developments aimed at dysbiosis correction. Attention is focused on important aspects of personalised therapy for patients with consideration for the infl uence of human microbiome on individual variability of the reaction to medicinal products. In light of the high incidence and mortality of CVD, active studying of intestinal microbiota and the search for means of dysbiosis correction will make it possible to obtain additional tools for management of the risks of cardiovascular pathology development.
Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ostroumova O.D. , Klepikova M.V. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Litvinova S.N. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Published: September 2021

Among the causes of acute interstitial nephritis, drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis accounts for 50 to 78 % of all cases. Th e review summarizes the literature data on drugs that cause acute interstitial nephritis. Search in eLibrary databases.RU, PubMed®, MEDLINE, EMBASE, manuals and guidelines, materials of adverse drug reactions databases, instructions for the medical use of drugs. it was held until October 2020. Th e most probable mechanisms of its development are considered. Most attention is paid to non-steroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs, anticoagulants, antibiotics, antitumor drugs (immune checkpoint inhibitors), which are widely used in clinical practice. Th e symptoms of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis are variable and oft en non-specific; therefore, a kidney biopsy is required for an accurate diagnosis. The main direction of treatment of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis is the cancellation of nephrotoxic drugs, if this condition is not feasible and/or the duration of acute interstitial nephritis is less than 3 weeks, the biopsy has minimal interstitial fibrosis and there are no serious contraindications, then the possibility of using it should be considered.
Experimental justification for clinical application of bone growth stimulators in traumatology and orthopaedics (a review)
Authors:   R. R. Vreden National Medical Research Center, Konev V.A. , Labutin D.V. ,   R. R. Vreden National Medical Research Center, Bozhkova S.A. ,   Scientific Department of Prevention and Treatment of Wound Infection
Published: September 2021

Analysis of scientifi c publications devoted to effi cacy assessment and experimental justifi cation of cell technology and growth factors application for osteogenesis stimulation in clinical practice of traumatologists-orthopaedists.The search was performed for papers published in PubMed and E-library digital databases within the period of 2010-2020. The search filter was set to explore randomised clinical trials. Th e key words were: “platelet growth factor OR vascular endothelial growth factor OR bone morphogenetic proteins OR autologous bone marrow stromal cells AND bone defect AND human”. Works dated 2010-2020 were selected for analysis of experimental studies using the following key word combinations: “mesenchymal stromal cells AND osteogenesis OR bone regeneration”, “growth factors AND mesenchymal stromal cells AND osteogenesis OR bone regeneration”. In addition, essential literatures describing properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were cited as well as issues in their osteogenic diff erentiation. Despite the great number of experimental works related to cell technology application for bone growth stimulation, a large variety of unresolved issues associated with optimal means to create such cells, their cultivation and combined application with morphogenetic proteins and growth factors remains. Clinical application of rhBMP-2, PDGF has demonstrated effi cacy in complex treatment of patients with bone defects. Th erewith, growth factors may be effi caciously used in diff erent combinations with MSCs. In a number of cases, application of implants enriched with growth factors may become an alternative for autogenic grafts. To the present day, there is crucial defi cit in the number of works presenting results of randomised controlled clinical trials devoted to stimulation of bone tissue repair. The controversial results of the publications analysed may be based on a low number of patients enrolled. With consideration for active development of reparative medicine as a whole, further investigation of possibilities in bone growth stimulation with local application of cell-engineering constructions is considered to be a promising trend for traumatology and orthopaedics.
Bronchial asthma in practice of the allergist and the pulmonologist: a comparative analysis
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Vafina A.R. , Vizel I.Y. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Vizel A.A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Skorokhodkina O.V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Luntsov A.V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Salakhova I.N. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: September 2021

Aim of study. To carry out a comparative analysis of a population of patients with bronchial asthma under observation of pulmonologists and allergists. Material and methods. A total of 377 cases of bronchial asthma were studied and analysed. Th e non-interventional, observational, comparative study was carried out in the setting of actual clinical practice. Th e patient underwent medical history collection, evaluation of adherence to treatment and of the level of bronchial asthma control, physical examination, spirometry, their laboratory data and earlier treatment taken into consideration. The evaluation results were analysed via the SPSS-18 soft ware program. Results. Th e patients observed by pulmonologists had uncontrolled BA more frequently with almost 2-fold predominance of patients with severe disease progression, FEV1 was below normal values with significantly more frequent exacerbation and hospitalisation. The patients observed by allergists were more frequently male. They were younger with signifi cantly more frequent controlled bronchial asthma or bronchial asthma with mild progression, 3-fold more frequent rhinitis, a lower number of exacerbation and hospitalisation over the past year, 2-fold less frequent FEV1 below the normal values and 2-fold less frequent application of short-acting bronchodilators. Th e patients observed by pulmonologists had severe uncontrolled progression of the disease with presence of extrapulmonary concomitant diseases. Th ere was no difference between the patients in relation to the frequency of baseline therapy via inhaled glucocorticosteroids and their combinations with long-acting bronchodilators. Conclusion. Bronchial asthma is a disease, the heterogeneity of manifestations of which leads to management of patients with the same nosological entity being performed by specialists in two fi elds, which is based on the diff erences in the clinical profi le determined in this study.
Prediction of osteoporosis severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis via evaluation of the fetuin-A level
Authors:   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A. B. Zborovsky, Akhverdyan Yu.R. , Papichev E.V. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A. B. Zborovsky, Zavodovsky B.V. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A. B. Zborovsky, Polyakova Ju.V. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A. B. Zborovsky, Polyakova L.E. ,   Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology named after A. B. Zborovsky
Published: September 2021

Aim of study. To investigate the level of dependence of osteoporosis (OP) progression severity on the level of fetuin-A (FA) in order to predict the OP progression severity in RA patients. Material and methods. We have examined a total of 110 RA patients (mean age 54.2+11.97). Th e diagnosis was established based on ACR/EULAR criteria 2010. A total of 30 conventionally healthy subjects were enrolled serving as a control group. Evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) was performed using DXA (Lunar DPX-NT GE densitometer). The FA level was determined through indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (Human Fetuin-A ELISA test-system). Results. Mean serum FA in healthy subjects amounted to 653.55-972.19μg/ml. We formed 2 groups of RA patients: with blood serum FA levels <653.55μg/ml (23 patients) and with normal FA values: 653.55μg/ml or higher (87 patients). A lowered FA level was revealed in 20 (86.96 %) subjects in the group of OP patients and only in 3 (13.04 %) patients with RA without OP (р<0.001). Osteoporotic bone fractures were diagnosed in 12 (13.79 %) patients in the group with normal FA levels and were absent in 75 (86.21 %) patients (р<0.001). Apart from that, RA patients with lowered FA had reliably lower mean BMD in the area of femoral neck and vertebral column as well as lower BMD total value (р<0.001). In order to determine the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory tests, the characteristic curve (ROC curve) was applied. Th e area under the ROC-curve was 0.663 with the cut-off point matching the FA level of 660.3μg/ml. Th is value corresponds with 84.72 % specifi city and 47.37 % sensitivity. Conclusion. We have revealed reliable correlations between the serum FA level in RA patients, the frequency of OP development, osteoporotic bone fractures and BMD values (p<0.001). Laboratory evaluation of FA for OP progression severity prediction for RA patients has good quality with the specifi city of 84.72 % and the sensitivity of 47.37 %.
Upaya Hukum Terhadap Putusan Perkara Anak yang Batal Demi Hukum
Authors: Arianti Noerma Yulia
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research entitled “Implikasi Dan Upaya Hukum Terhadap Putusan Perkara Anak Yang Batal Demi Hukum” This study used a normative juridical method, a statutory approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. This research aims to examine the legal consequences of a juvenile justice court decision that does not include social research report as the judge consideration? And legal remedies against a child's case verdict are null and void?. This study found that the legal consequence justice court ruling without a public research report will render the ruling null and void by law, which means the ruling has never been considered from the beginning, has no legal consequences and power, and from the beginning the verdict handed down has no execution power so it does not can be implemented, It is regulated under Article 60 of the Juvenile Justice System Law, because the report contains the socio-economic and physcological background of the juvenile and the recommendations given by the Penitentiary. While the legal remedies that can be taken is through an appeal procedure and judicial review.Keywords: Court Decision; Remedies; Social Research Report.AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Implikasi Dan Upaya Hukum Terhadap Putusan Perkara Anak Yang Batal Demi Hukum” yang dalam penulisannya menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan konseptual. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) apa implikasi putusan pengadilan pidana anak tanpa mempertimbangkan laporan penelitian kemasyarakatan? (2) Apa upaya hukum terhadap putusan perkara anak yang batal demi hukum?. Implikasi putusan pengadilan pidana anak tanpa mempertimbangkan laporan penelitian kemasyarakatan akan membuat putusan tersebut menjadi batal demi hukum yang artinya dari putusan tersebut sejak semula dianggap tidak pernah ada, tidak mempunyai akibat dan kekuatan hukum dan sejak semula putusan yang dijatuhkan sama sekali tidak mempunyai daya eksekusi sehingga tidak dapat dilaksanakan, hal tersebut diatur didalam Pasal 60 Undang-undang Sistem Peradilan Anak, dikarenakan didalam laporan tersebut berisikan tentang keadan anak dan adanya rekomendasi yang diberikan oleh Balai Pemasyarakatan. Sedangkan upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh ketika putusan perkara anak tersebut ternyata batal demi hukum, maka jika pada saat proses peradilan berlangsung dapat mengajukan banding dan apabila baru diketahui pada saat putusan sudah dijalankan maka dapat mengajukan peninjauan kembali.Kata Kunci: Putusan Pengadilan; Pemulihan; Laporan Penelitian Kemasyarakatan.
Alternatif Model Kerjasama Build Operate Transfer Pada Pengelolaan Rest Area Jalan Tol
Authors: Sayoga Radhian Fiqi
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe construction of the toll road itself must be based on the Toll Road Concession Agreement which is handled by the Toll Road Regulatory Agency (BPJT) and the Toll Road Business Entity (BUJT). BPJT gives the authority to BUJT to work on toll roads and the section of toll roads. In every toll road construction it is required for BUJT to build a toll road rest area in accordance with what is mandated in Government Regulation No. 15/2005 concerning Toll Roads. BUJT in managing the Rest Area can be done by self-management or by collaborating with partners or investors. In collaborating with partners there are alternative methods of collaboration, namely with Build Operate Transfer and Build Operate Own. This method of cooperation will later be outlined in the Toll Road Rest Management Cooperation Agreement which must refer to Government Regulation Number 15 of 2005 concerning toll roads and Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Regulation No.1 / PRT / M / 2017 Regarding Procedures for Implementing Agency Procurement Business for concession of toll roads and refers to the legal requirements of the agreement.Keywords: Toll Road Concession; Build Operate Transfer; Toll Road Rest Management Agreement.AbstrakPembangunan jalan tol sendiri harus berdasar pada Perjanjian Pengusahaan Jalan Tol yang ditantangani oleh Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol (BPJT) dan Badan Usaha Jalan Tol (BUJT). BPJT memberi kewenangan kepada BUJT untuk mengusahaakan jalan tol dan ruas jalan tol. Dalam setiap pembangunan Jalan Tol di haruskan bagi BUJT untuk membangun Rest Area jalan tol sesuai dengan apa yang diamanatkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 15 Tahun 2005 Tentang Jalan Tol. BUJT dalam melakukan Pengelolaan Rest Area tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan swakelola maupun dengan cara melakukan kerjasama dengan mitra atau investor. Dalam melakukan kerjasama dengan mitra terdapat alternatif metode kerjasama yaitu dengan Build Operate Transfer dan Build Operate Own. Metode kerjasama ini nantinya akan dituangkan dalam Perjanjian Kerjasama Pengelolaan Rest Area Jalan Tol yang harus berpedoman pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 15 Tahun 2005 tentang jalan tol dan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat No.1/PRT/M/2017 Tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan Pengadaan Badan Usaha Untuk Pengusahaan Jalan Tol serta mengacu pada syarat sah perjanjian. Kata Kunci: Pengusahaan Jalan Tol; Build Operate Transfer; Perjanjian Pengelolaan Rest Area Jalan Tol.
The motive for the action of online gambling as an additional livelihood during social restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dwihayuni Yayi Putri , Fauzi Agus Machfud
Published: September 2021

Gambling is one of the sub-cultural deviations that have mushroomed in society. Gambling has so far been prohibited by law, but during the difficult times of the pandemic and the implementation of social restrictions in Nganjuk Regency, gambling has become a classic excuse in the midst of the current difficult economy. However, during the social restrictions gambling was mostly done online (via electronic media). This study aims to research and find the background of why many people like to play online gambling. The research method was qualitative. Primary data were obtained through observation and in-depth interviews. This study finds factors that influence the prevalence of gambling during social restrictions, both internal and external factors. This study also finds that online gambling has many types such as lottery gambling, dice, games using cash as the dowry for bets. On the other hand, online gambling is done as entertainment or a hobby. This study concludes that the Covid-19 pandemic causes social problems so that online gambling is used as an additional livelihood and as a hobby by the people in Nganjuk Regency.
Increasing the efficiency of gas exchange during alimentary biocorrection of the nutritional status of students and teachers of an engineering university
Authors: Rodionova N. S. , Popov E. S. , Zaharova N. A. , Cherkasova N. S. , Sholin V. A.
Published: September 2021

The results of studies of the alimentary correction of the efficiency of gas exchange processes in the lungs are presented on the example of students and teachers of an engineering university with the daily use of food products with known bio-corrective properties: 3.5 g of wheat germ oil (MZP), 50 g of flour from wheat germ meal (MZHP), 6.5 g of concentrated tissue fish oil (CTR) and their combinations with the biomass of the consortium of lacto - and bifidobacteria (10 g). The efficiency of gas exchange processes was assessed based on the analysis of the respiratory coefficient, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) in the exhaled gas mixture was determined using a TESTO-310 gas analyzer, an MDG-1201 capnograph, the values of which were recorded before and after daily consumption of the studied products during 30 days. The experimental group consisted of volunteers - teachers and university students aged 16 to 65 years, divided into 3 age groups: 16-24, 25-44 and 45-65 years old. It was found that the most effective antihypoxant is MZHP, in all age groups the increase in the mean values ??of DC was 0.041 units, and relative to the initial values - 4.8%. With the use of MW, the change in DC was 0.032, an increase relative to the initial indicators - 3.7%. For the 1st, 2nd and 3rd age groups, the average change in DC was: 0.031, 0.036 and 0.043 units, relative to the initial indicators, the growth was 3.5, 4.2 and 5.0%, respectively. It has been proven that the combination of the investigated biocorrectors with active forms of probiotic microorganisms provides a more active antihypoxant effect for all investigated products, in all age groups. The efficiency of the minimum wage has increased, the increase in DC was 0.049 units, for CTR - 0.024 units. The growth of DC relative to the initial values was 5.7 and 2.9%, respectively. The synergism of the action of biocorrectors in combination with probiotics, by age groups, was 0.035, 0.033 and 0.038 units, which relative to the initial indicators was 4.1, 3.8 and 4.5%. The data obtained make it possible to state the possibility of a significant alimentary effect on the efficiency of gas exchange in the lungs, prove the antihypoxant properties of MZP, MZHP, CTR, as well as an increase in the effectiveness of combinations of these biocorrectors with active forms of probiotic microorganisms.
Optimization of the process of saccharification in ethanol production
Authors: Kovaleva T. S. , Yakovlev A. N. , Yakovleva S. F. , Tertychnaya T. N. , Muravev A. S.
Published: September 2021

The saccharification stage in ethanol production is one of the main ones. Completeness of dextrins and starch ejection considered in the fermentation compartment and, consequently, quantity of production losses, quality and yield of the final product depends on the correctness of this process. Optimization of the process of saccharification of digested mass was carried out by the method of complete factor experiment with the use of the central composite rotatable uniform planning experiment. The following factors were selected as controllable: dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L; temperature; pH and duration of hydrolysis. The dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L and the duration of the process have the greatest influence on the process of saccharification. The significance of the regression coefficients was determined by Student's test, the adequacy of the regression equation - by Fisher's test at a significance level of 5%, the convergence of parallel determinations - by Kochner's test. It was found that the use of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L increased the accumulation of glucose by 40.5% compared with the control. To determine the optimal mode of saccharification the Lagrange multiplier method was used. It was found that the maximum accumulation of glucose in the wort of 12 g/100 ml was achieved at the following regimes: the dosage of the enzyme preparation Biozim 800L 4.8 units GlS/g starch; temperature 60.2 C; pH 4.55 units; duration of saccharification 2.05 h.
Increasing the efficiency of the partial oil removal column
Authors: Zotov N. I. , Popov S. V. , Khabibrakhmanov O. V.
Published: September 2021

The operation of the primary oil refining unit is considered. An analysis of the operation of the operating column K-1 showed that there are noticeable fluctuations in the operating mode of the apparatus in the summer and cold season, as a result, a change in the temperature of the column top and a deterioration in the clarity of fraction rectification were observed. To study the methods of adjusting the parameters of the K-1 topping column, a computational experiment was carried out using the UniSim Design modeling system, in which the models of the apparatus and the installation model as a whole were formed. The Peng-Robinson method was used as a mathematical package for calculating the thermodynamic properties of the mixture components. Comparison of the calculated performance of the two options for the equipment of the column K-1. According to the first version, the operation of the K-1 column was simulated, in which the raw material enters the 19 tray, the hot stream is fed to the bottom of the column to the 24 tray, oil reflux to the 5 tray, acute irrigation and a partial condenser are used. Unstable technological regimes of the column top were observed in this variant in industrial conditions. To assess the fundamental possibility of changing the hardware design of the K-1 column, another option was chosen, in which there is no acute irrigation and oil irrigation, at the same time, upper circulating irrigation was introduced from the 5th to the 1st tray with cooling the flow and the technological scheme of forming and feeding the hot jet was preserved. Comparison of the fractional compositions of the topped oil showed that for the considered options, there are practically similar calculated estimates, while the use of upper circulating irrigation allows not only to unload the upper part of the distillation column from the heat load, but also to use a significant heat flow of the cooler of the upper circulating irrigation for preheating oil , which will also reduce the consumption of liquid fuel for furnaces.
Thermodynamics of phase equilibrium in solid-liquid and solid-gas systems
Authors: Shishatskii Y. I. , Derkanosova A. A. , Tolstov S. A.
Published: September 2021

The thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase system is described by the Gibbs equation, which includes state parameters. On the basis of the Gibbs equation and the combined equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic potentials are written: internal energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy. If the two phases are in equilibrium, then the temperatures, pressures and chemical potentials of these phases are equal to each other. Equalities express the conditions of thermal and mechanical equilibrium, as well as the condition for the absence of a driving force for the transfer of a component across the interface. For a two-phase system, the Gibbs-Duhem equation connects the volume and entropy of 1 mole of the mixture, the content of any component, expressed in mole fractions. Extraction from lupine particles with cheese whey (solid-liquid system) is considered. The driving force of the extraction process in the solid-liquid system is the difference between the concentration of the solvent at the surface of the solid C and its average concentration C0 in the bulk of the solution. The concentration at the interface is usually taken to be equal to the concentration of a saturated solution of Cn, since equilibrium is established rather quickly near the surface of a solid. Then the driving force of the process is expressed as Cn – C0. A curve for the extraction of extractives from lupine with cheese whey was plotted by superimposing low-frequency mechanical vibrations.
Fertilizer market in Russia: state and direction of development
Authors: Kruchinina V. M. , Ryzhkova S. M.
Published: September 2021

Fertilizers are used all over the world to maintain the sustainability of the agricultural sector and food security. A balanced application of fertilizers increases crop yields, while increasing the amount of food and enriching the soil with essential nutrients. Russia is one of the leading producers of fertilizers, which is due to sufficient natural reserves. The study of the domestic fertilizer market, its state and prospects are considered in the aggregate of the production base, logistics and marketing features, the ways of further development are outlined using such scientific methods as: observation, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and comparison, monographic. The global fertilizer market is highly competitive. Russia not only occupies a strong position in it, but also provides domestic demand. But the level of fertilizer application in Russia is lower than in developed countries, which suggests an increase in the need for fertilizers in the future. Therefore, the further expansion of the domestic market is associated with the development of the material and technical base of agricultural producers, who need not only funds for the purchase of fertilizers, but also equipment for their application. To stimulate domestic demand, it is necessary to encourage private investment in every possible way, to use public-private and public-cooperative partnerships in creating the infrastructure of the fertilizer market; expand the range of fertilizers at the expense of the brand range, attract small agricultural producers, peasant (farmer) farms and households to the market. It is necessary to create conditions for the organization of cooperatives to supply small farms with fertilizers, which will reduce the cost of purchasing them and will contribute to increasing production and increasing the availability of food products, and thus achieve the goal of the agricultural sector in the context of broader macroeconomic objectives of society – improving the quality of life of the population.