bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analog sensitive chemical inhibition of the DEAD‐box protein DDX3
Authors: Floor Stephen N. , Barkovich Krister J. , Condon Kendall J. , Shokat Kevan M. , Doudna Jennifer A.
Published: December 2015

Proper maintenance of RNA structure and dynamics is essential to maintain cellular health. Multiple families of RNA chaperones exist in cells to modulate RNA structure, RNA–protein complexes, and RNA granules. The largest of these families is the DEAD‐box proteins, named after their catalytic Asp‐Glu‐Ala‐Asp motif. The human DEAD‐box protein DDX3 is implicated in diverse biological processes including translation initiation and is mutated in numerous cancers. Like many DEAD‐box proteins, DDX3 is essential to cellular health and exhibits dosage sensitivity, such that both decreases and increases in protein levels can be lethal. Therefore, chemical inhibition would be an ideal tool to probe the function of DDX3. However, most DEAD‐box protein active sites are extremely similar, complicating the design of specific inhibitors. Here, we show that a chemical genetic approach best characterized in protein kinases, known as analog‐sensitive chemical inhibition, is viable for DDX3 and possibly other DEAD‐box proteins. We present an expanded active‐site mutant that is tolerated in vitro and in vivo, and is sensitive to chemical inhibition by a novel bulky inhibitor. Our results highlight a course towards analog sensitive chemical inhibition of DDX3 and potentially the entire DEAD‐box protein family.
Photoluminescence from exciton‐electron inelastic scattering in a GaAs/AlAs multiple‐quantum‐well structure
Authors: Nakanishi Saeka , Furukawa Yoshiaki , Nakayama Masaaki
Published: December 2015

We have investigated the characteristics of photoluminescence (PL) from exciton‐electron inelastic scattering in a GaAs (5.1 nm)/AlAs (5.1 nm) multiple‐quantum‐well structure. The excitation power dependence of PL spectra was measured in a wide temperature region from 10 to 285 K. We detected a PL band which appears with a threshold‐like nature at each temperature. In a low temperature region below ∼80 K, the energy spacing between the threshold‐like appearance PL band and heavy‐hole exciton almost agrees with the exciton binding energy. This indicates that the PL band originates from well‐known exciton‐exciton inelastic scattering. In contrast, in a high temperature region above ∼90 K, the energy spacing continuously increases with an increase in temperature. The temperature dependence of the energy spacing is explained by a theoretical model for exciton‐electron inelastic scattering considering energy and momentum conservation in the scattering process. Thus, it is concluded that the mechanism of the threshold‐like appearance PL band related to exciton inelastic scattering changes with temperature. In addition, we confirmed that the exciton‐electron inelastic scattering produces an optical gain using a variable stripe length method for PL measurements. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
What is Middle Maintenance Policy?
Authors: Zhao Xufeng , Al‐Khalifa Khalifa N. , Hamouda Abdel Magid , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: December 2015

The main purpose of this paper is to propose several new maintenance policies that can be performed at suitable middle times for trivariate preventive maintenance scenarios. Firstly, characteristics and limitations for the approaches of whichever occurs first and whichever occurs last are analyzed, and their respective maintenance models, which are called first maintenance and last maintenance, are given directly. Secondly, a combined approach of first and last is employed and middle maintenance is proposed. Thirdly, the aforementioned policy is modified to be performed at discrete working cycles, using the method of overtime maintenance. Finally, a new approach of whichever occurs middle is proposed for modelings. We give the analyses of how to formulate the middle maintenances and obtain their expected maintenance cost rates, using the technique of cumulative damage models. Numerical examples are given to compare the optimal policies among first, last, and middle maintenances. Finally, a potential application of middle maintenance is provided for future studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute exacerbation of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema associated with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Gocho Kyoko , Kikuchi Naoshi , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Uekusa Toshimasa , Homma Sakae
Published: December 2015

A 30‐year‐old male smoker with congenital amblyopia and oculocutaneous albinism was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive dyspnea on exertion. Chest computed tomography images revealed diffuse reticular opacities and honeycombing in the bilateral lower lobes with sparing of the subpleural region along with emphysema predominantly in the upper lobes. Lung biopsy specimens showed a mixture of usual interstitial pneumonia and a non‐specific interstitial pneumonia pattern with emphysema. Of note, cuboidal epithelial cells with foamy cytoplasm on the alveolar walls and phagocytic macrophages with ceroid pigments in the fibrotic lesions were observed. The patient was diagnosed with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) associated with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Six years following the patient's initial admission to our hospital, he died from acute exacerbation (AE) of CPFE associated with HPS. This is one of only few reports available on the clinicopathological characteristics of AE in CPFE associated with HPS.
Characterisation of wood growth regions by multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS data
Authors: Trindade Gustavo F. , Bañuls‐Ciscar Jorge , Ezeh Clive K. , Abel Marie‐Laure , Watts John F.
Published: December 2015

This work presents a methodology to characterise the surface of Scots pine wood samples cut at different geometries by performing principal component analysis and non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF) of ToF‐SIMS data. With the aid of two standard samples of lignin organosolv and cellulose, the NMF results reduced the data to two compounds which are representative of the surface coverage of lignin and cellulose. Differences between the relative amounts of lignin and cellulose in early and late wood were in agreement to the anatomy of wood, making the multivariate analysis a potential way to differentiate species and potentially ages of the wood in terms of their natural components. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subgroup mixable inference on treatment efficacy in mixture populations, with an application to time‐to‐event outcomes
Authors: Ding Ying , Lin Hui‐Min , Hsu Jason C.
Published: December 2015

In tailored drug development, the patient population is thought of as a mixture of two or more subgroups that may derive differential treatment efficacy. To find the right patient population for the drug to target, it is necessary to infer treatment efficacy in subgroups andcombinationsof subgroups. A fundamental consideration in this inference process is that the logical relationships between treatment efficacy in subgroups and their combinations should be respected (for otherwise the assessment of treatment efficacy may become paradoxical). We show that some commonly used efficacy measures are not suitable for a mixture population. We also show that the current practice of over‐simply extending the least squares means concept when estimating the efficacy in a mixture population is inappropriate. Proposing a new principle calledsubgroup mixable estimation, we establish the logical relationships among parameters that represent efficacy and develop a simultaneous inference procedure to confidently infer efficacy in subgroups and their combinations. Using oncology studies with time‐to‐event outcomes as an example, we show that the hazard ratio is not suitable for measuring treatment efficacy in a mixture population and provide appropriate efficacy measures with a rigorous inference procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A shuttle vector series for precise genetic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Gnügge Robert , Liphardt Thomas , Rudolf Fabian
Published: December 2015

Shuttle vectors allow for an efficient transfer of recombinant DNA into yeast cells and are widely used in fundamental research and biotechnology. While available shuttle vectors are applicable in many experimental settings, their use in quantitative biology is hampered by insufficient copy number control. Moreover, they often have practical constraints, such as limited modularity and few unique restriction sites. We constructed the pRG shuttle vector series, consisting of single‐ and multi‐copy integrative, centromeric and episomal plasmids with marker genes for the selection in all commonly used auxotrophic yeast strains. The vectors feature a modular design and a large number of unique restriction sites, enabling an efficient exchange of every vector part and expansion of the series. Integration into the host genome is achieved using a double‐crossover recombination mechanism, resulting in stable single‐ and multi‐copy modifications. As centromeric and episomal plasmids give rise to a heterogeneous cell population, an analysis of their copy number distribution and loss behaviour was performed. Overall, the shuttle vector series supports the efficient cloning of genes and their maintenance in yeast cells with improved copy number control. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning and evaluation of different constitutive promoters in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides
Authors: Wang Yanan , Lin Xinping , Zhang Sufang , Sun Wenyi , Ma Sijia , Zhao Zongbao Kent
Published: December 2015

The oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is an unconventional yeast species that can accumulate a high content of lipids. Because it belongs to the basidiomycetous group of fungus, limited tools and functional elements are available for genetic engineering of R. toruloides and related red yeasts. Here we report the functional evaluation of five constitutive promoters from this yeast. We assembled a reporter gene expression cassette, consisting of a promoter, the hygromycin gene (HYG) and the nos terminator, and inserted it into the binary vector pZPK. Hygromycin‐resistant transformants were obtained when R. toruloides cells were co‐cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL1 cells harbouring the engineered vector. Genomic integration of the reporter cassette was verified by successful amplification of target DNA fragments. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the transformant had only one copy of the reporter cassette. The strength of these promoters was demonstrated at the phenotypic level on the hygromycin‐gradient plate and at the transcriptional level by real‐time quantitative PCR. It was found that the strengths of these promoters varied no more than five‐fold and followed a decreasing sequence of PPGI, PPGK, PFBA, PTPI, and PGPD. This study established new genetic elements for the construction of superior R. toruloides strains to produce advanced biofuels and related chemicals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nurses at Risk
Authors: Rogers Rosemary , Salvage Jane , Cowell Roger
Published: December 2015

How safe are nurses while caring for others? What risks to their own health does the caring role impose?

This timely edition of the essential handbook on occupational health for nurses takes into account the changes in health service policy, in health and safety law and in employers' rights that have occurred over the last decade. It will be indispensable for NHS safety representatives and union stewards, indeed for all nurses, midwives and health visitors in practice, management or education.
Correlated responses in death-feigning behavior, activity, and brain biogenic amine expression in red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum strains selected for walking distance
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Sasaki Ken , Miyatake Takahisa
Published: December 2015

Dispersal ability may influence antipredator and mating strategies. A previous study showed a trade-off between predation avoidance and mating success in strains of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum selected for walking distance
. Specifically, beetles derived from strains selected for longer walking distance suffered higher predation pressure and had higher male mating success than their counterparts derived from strains selected for shorter walking distance. In the study reported here, we compared the locomotor activity, biogenic amine expression in the brain, and death-feigning behavior of the red flour beetle strains selected for walking distance. The results indicated that individuals genetically predisposed to longer walking distance had higher locomotor activity and lower intensity of death-feigning behavior than those genetically predisposed to shorter walking distance. However, no significant differences were found in the expression of biogenic amines in the brain among strains selected for walking distance, although the level of dopamine in the brain differed from that of the strains divergently selected for duration of death-feigning behavior. The relationships between walking speed, activity, death-feigning behavior, and brain biogenic amines in T. castaneum are discussed.
On the 209Po half-life error and its confirmation: an answer to the critique
Authors: Pommé Stefaan , Benedik Ljudmila
Published: December 2015

Pommé et al. published a paper claiming that the 209Po half-life is 20 % higher than the erroneous value of 102 (5) a used for 50 years. Collé and Collé published a critique saying that ‘this claim cannot withstand critical scrutiny’. In this work, counterarguments are presented to the critique. The experiment has been continued and a new intermediate half-life value of 122.7 (27) a was obtained. A brief review is made of the 209Po half-life value by Collé et al. and a recommended value of 122.9 (23) a is derived from both experiments.
An autoregressive growth model for longitudinal item analysis
Authors: Jeon Minjeong , Rabe-Hesketh Sophia
Published: December 2015

A first-order autoregressive growth model is proposed for longitudinal binary item analysis where responses to the same items are conditionally dependent across time given the latent traits. Specifically, the item response probability for a given item at a given time depends on the latent trait as well as the response to the same item at the previous time, or the lagged response. An initial conditions problem arises because there is no lagged response at the initial time period. We handle this problem by adapting solutions proposed for dynamic models in panel data econometrics. Asymptotic and finite sample power for the autoregressive parameters are investigated. The consequences of ignoring local dependence and the initial conditions problem are also examined for data simulated from a first-order autoregressive growth model. The proposed methods are applied to longitudinal data on Korean students’ self-esteem.
New Joints, Same Old Weight: Weight Changes after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hurwit Daniel J. , Trehan Samir K. , Cross Michael B.
Published: December 2015

Obesity is a well-known risk factor for postoperative complications following total joint arthroplasty. However, because the operation is often successful, orthopedic surgeons continue to operate on obese individuals, and many surgeons do so under the assumption that patients will lose weight after they are able to walk and exercise without pain. In this article, we review a recent study by Ast et al., who performed a retrospective review, using a single-center institutional registry, to determine (1) whether patients do actually lose weight after total hip and/or total knee arthroplasty, (2) whether there are predictors of postoperative weight change, and (3) whether postoperative weight changes affect patient-reported clinical outcomes. The principle conclusion was that most patients maintained their body mass index (BMI) after total hip and total knee arthroplasty (73 and 69%, respectively). However, patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, patients who had a higher preoperative BMI, and female patients were more likely to lose weight postoperatively. When examined in the context of the current literature, this study provides valuable information for the preoperative counseling of total joint arthroplasty candidates, especially in the setting of obesity.
‘Uberisation’ Is the Future of the Digitalised Labour Market
Authors: Nurvala Juha-Pekka
Published: December 2015

The ‘Uberisation’ of service sectors will become the norm in the future. The driving factor behind this development is a dramatic collapse in transaction costs made possible by new and more developed Internet-based matching platforms. What is emerging can be called the ‘People-to-People Economy’, a term that describes the diffused nature of the new model. Uberisation, or the new People-to-People Economy, is not the same thing as the ‘sharing economy’ since the two are based on different economic developments. The centre–right should support this development but at the same time create a social security system for the self-employed entrepreneurs who take part in this new economy.
No Party, No Society: The Eu's and the Us's Differing Approaches to Providing International Aid to Political Parties
Authors: Lexmann Miriam
Published: December 2015

While both the EU and the US consider support for civil society an inseparable part of international democracy support schemes, they differ in their understanding of who the key partners for transformation are. US aid to support democratic change in societies includes providing assistance to non-governmental organisations, political parties, trade unions and businesses. In contrast, the EU restricts access to its support primarily to the non-political part of the civil society spectrum. Including political parties and political non-governmental organisations among EU aid recipients would be a quantum leap on the way to a stronger and more comprehensive transition to democracy. This article lays down arguments to support this proposal, draws on ideas from the US experience and outlines basic schemes for its implementation.
Reciprocal effects of capsaicin and menthol on thermosensation through regulated activities of TRPV1 and TRPM8
Authors: Takaishi Masayuki , Uchida Kunitoshi , Suzuki Yoshiro , Matsui Hiroshi , Shimada Tadashi , Fujita Fumitaka , Tominaga Makoto
Published: December 2015

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is activated by elevated
temperature (>42 °C), and it has been reported that cold temperature decreases capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity. In contrast, transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is activated by low temperatures and menthol, and heat stimulation suppresses menthol-evoked TRPM8 currents. These findings suggest that the effects of specific agents on TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels are intricately interrelated. We examined the effects of menthol on human (h)TRPV1 and of capsaicin on hTRPM8. hTRPV1 currents activated by heat and capsaicin were inhibited by menthol, whereas hTRPM8 currents activated by cold and menthol were similarly inhibited by capsaicin. An in vivo sensory irritation test showed that menthol conferred an analgesic effect on the sensory irritation evoked by a capsaicin analogue. These results indicate that in our study the agonists of TRPV1 and TRPM8 interacted with both of these channels and suggest that the anti-nociceptive effects of menthol can be partially explained by this phenomenon.
Nature by Default in Early Childhood Education for Sustainability
Authors: Elliott Sue , Young Tracy
Published: December 2015

This essay critiques the relevance of historical antecedents about children's play in nature and how these historical and political mechanisms create cultural rovoked by Taylor's (2013) exploration of the pervasive influence of romanticised images of innocent children in nature and our own experiences of never-ending ‘nice’ stories about young children in nature, here we trouble how nature experiences may or may not preclude children's meaningful and agentic participation in sustainability. We question is engagement with nature, a tangible and easily accessible approach in early childhood education (ECE) promoting a ‘nature by default paradigm’ and potentially thwarting a fuller transformative engagement with sustainability. Thus, we argue the case for shifting our frames beyond idealised romanticised notions and human–nature dualisms to a ‘common worlds’ (Haraway, 2008; Latour, 2004; Taylor, 2013) frame guided by collectivist understandings within connective life worlds. Such a shift requires a significant recasting of ethical human–nature understandings and relationships in ECE.
Camera Aloft
Authors: Hardesty Von
Published: December 2015

Edward Steichen (1879–1973) played a key role in the development of photography in the twentieth century. He is well known for his varied career as an artist, a celebrated photographer and a museum curator. However, Steichen is less known for his pivotal role in shaping America's first experiments in aerial photography as a tool for intelligence gathering in what may be called his 'lost years'. In Camera Aloft, Von Hardesty tells how Steichen volunteered in 1917 to serve in the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). He rose rapidly in the ranks of the Air Service, emerging as Chief of Air Photography during the dramatic final offensives of the war. His photo sections were responsible for the rapid processing of aerial images gained through the daily and hazardous sorties over the front and in the enemy rear areas. What emerged in the eighteen months of his active service was a new template for modern aerial reconnaissance. The aerial camera, as with new weapons such as the machine gun, the tank and the airplane, profoundly transformed modern warfare.
Broken Idols of the English Reformation
Authors: Aston Margaret
Published: December 2015

Why were so many religious images and objects broken and damaged in the course of the Reformation? Margaret Aston's magisterial new book charts the conflicting imperatives of destruction and rebuilding throughout the English Reformation from the desecration of images, rails and screens to bells, organs and stained glass windows. She explores the motivations of those who smashed images of the crucifixion in stained glass windows and who pulled down crosses and defaced symbols of the Trinity. She shows that destruction was part of a methodology of religious revolution designed to change people as well as places and to forge in the long term new generations of new believers. Beyond blanked walls and whited windows were beliefs and minds impregnated by new modes of religious learning. Idol-breaking with its emphasis on the treacheries of images fundamentally transformed not only Anglican ways of worship but also of seeing, hearing and remembering.
Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds
Authors: Ponganis Paul J.
Published: December 2015

Analysing the physiological adaptations of marine mammals and seabirds, this book provides a comprehensive overview of what allows these species to overcome the challenges of diving to depth on a single breath of air. Through comparative reviews of texts on diving physiology and behaviour from the last seventy-five years, Ponganis combines this research into one succinct volume. Investigating the diving performance of marine mammals and seabirds, this book illustrates how physiological processes to extreme hypoxia and pressure are relevant to the advancement of our understanding of basic cellular processes and human pathologies. This book underscores the biomedical and ecological relevance of the anatomical, physiological and molecular/biophysical adaptations of these animals to enable further research in this area. An important resource for students and researchers, this text not only provides an essential overview of recent research in the field, but will stimulate further research into the behaviour and physiology of diving.
Narrative of Services in the Liberation of Chili, Peru, and Brazil, from Spanish and Portuguese Domination
Authors: Cochrane Thomas
Published: December 2015

The most renowned naval officer of the mid-nineteenth century, Thomas Cochrane, tenth Earl of Dundonald (1775–1860), led an eventful life. Due to a financial scandal, he left the Royal Navy for a period and became a celebrated mercenary. Volume 1 of this two-volume work, published in 1859, concerns his activity in the wars of independence of Chile and Peru, covering his taking command of the Chilean navy in 1818, his recruitment of British and American officers, attacks on Spanish shipping, littoral warfare on Spanish forts, seizure of booty, and his troubled relationship with the Chilean government. It goes on to recount his command of a Chilean expedition to liberate Peru from the Portuguese in 1820 and his departure from Chile in 1822 before further unrest. Cochrane was the quintessential naval hero of the age, and his memoir remains of interest to both scholars and readers of maritime adventure.
Memoirs of the Life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart
Authors: Lockhart John Gibson
Published: December 2015

As son-in-law and literary executor to Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), John Gibson Lockhart (1794–1854) was uniquely placed to produce a definitive biography of the great poet and novelist. First published in 1837–8, shortly after Scott's death, this celebrated seven-volume work is based on personal memories, correspondence, and Scott's own autobiographical sketches. Wide-ranging in his purview, Lockhart is also detailed in his descriptions: the Aberdeen Journal of the day observed that the volumes trace Scott's life and literary efforts with 'the most minute distinctness'. Volume 1 opens with Scott's brief autobiography, written in 1808 and revised in 1825. Lockhart's biography proper opens with Scott's birth in 1771, provides an account of his education, and concludes here with his first contributions to the Edinburgh Review in 1804.
An Account of the Natives of the Tonga Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Mariner William
Published: December 2015

In November 1806, the damaged Port-au-Prince arrived at what Captain Cook had called the Friendly Islands. William Charles Mariner (1791–1853) was among the few crew members spared by the native inhabitants. He lived there for four years. Published in 1818, this two-volume second edition offers an important early insight into Tongan customs and language. As editor John Martin (1789–1869) explains, the structure of a nation's language is vital to the consideration of its history. So successful was the first edition of 1817 - expanded upon here to include 'generally corroborative, and in a few instances somewhat corrective' information from another erstwhile inhabitant - that within months of its publication a French translation appeared; German and American editions soon followed. Volume 2 covers diverse aspects of Tongan society, from its music to notions of the soul, and includes a detailed grammar of the language and 2,000 words of vocabulary.
The Politics of Public Space in Republican Rome
Authors: Russell Amy
Published: December 2015

Taking public space as her starting point, Amy Russell offers a fresh analysis of the ever-fluid public/private divide in Republican Rome. Built on the 'spatial turn' in Roman studies and incorporating textual and archaeological evidence, this book uncovers a rich variety of urban spaces. No space in Rome was solely or fully public. Some spaces were public but also political, sacred, or foreign; many apparently public spaces were saturated by the private, leaving grey areas and room for manipulation. Women, slaves, and non-citizens were broadly excluded from politics: how did they experience and help to shape its spaces? How did the building projects of Republican dynasts relate to the communal realm? From the Forum to the victory temples of the Campus Martius, culminating in Pompey's great theatre-portico-temple-garden-house complex, The Politics of Public Space in Republican Rome explores how space was marked, experienced, and defined by multiple actors and audiences.
The Hellenistic World
Authors: Thonemann Peter
Published: December 2015

Coinage is one of our key sources for the rich and fascinating history of the Hellenistic world (323–31 BC). This book provides students of the period with an up-to-date introduction to Hellenistic gold, silver and bronze coins in their cultural and economic contexts. It also offers new perspectives on four major themes in contemporary Hellenistic history: globalisation, identity, political economy and ideology. With more than 250 illustrations, and written in a lucid and accessible style, this book sheds new light on the diverse and multicultural societies of the Hellenistic world, from Alexander to Augustus. The author assumes no prior knowledge of Hellenistic history, and all Greek and Latin texts are translated throughout.
Gender Remade
Authors: VanBurkleo Sandra F.
Published: December 2015

Gender Remade explores a little-known experiment in gender equality in Washington Territory in the 1870s and 1880s. Building on path-breaking innovations in marital and civil equality, lawmakers extended a long list of political rights and obligations to both men and women, including the right to serve on juries and hold public office. As the territory moved toward statehood, however, jury duty and constitutional co-sovereignty proved to be particularly controversial; in the end, 'modernization' and national integration brought disastrous losses for women until 1910, when political rights were partially restored. Losses to women's sovereignty were profound and enduring - a finding that points, not to rights and powers, but to constitutionalism and the power of social practice as Americans struggled to establish gender equality. Gender Remade is a significant contribution to the understudied legal history of the American West, especially the role that legal culture played in transitioning from territory to statehood.
Exploring the Economy of Late Antiquity
Authors: Banaji Jairus
Published: December 2015

This collection of essays, by leading historian Jairus Banaji, provides a stimulating rebuttal to the prevailing minimalism in late antique studies. Together, they strike a balance between the wide lens and more specialised discussion, expanding on the perspective and argumentation laid out in an earlier book, Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity (2001). Successive chapters discuss the scale of the late Roman gold currency, the economic nature of the aristocracy, the importance of trade, relations between the state and the ruling class, and the problem of continuity into the early Middle Ages. A substantial introduction pulls together the themes of the book into a coherent synopsis, while the preface clarifies the broad aims behind the study. The book as a whole deploys a wide range of sources in various languages and is intended for ancient historians, students of late antiquity, and economic historians more generally.
Narrative and the Making of US National Security
Authors: Krebs Ronald R.
Published: December 2015

Dominant narratives - from the Cold War consensus to the War on Terror - have often served as the foundation for debates over national security. Weaving current challenges, past failures and triumphs, and potential futures into a coherent tale, with well-defined characters and plot lines, these narratives impart meaning to global events, define the boundaries of legitimate politics, and thereby shape national security policy. However, we know little about why or how such narratives rise and fall. Drawing on insights from diverse fields, Narrative and the Making of US National Security offers novel arguments about where these dominant narratives come from, how they become dominant, and when they collapse. It evaluates these arguments carefully against evidence drawn from US debates over national security from the 1930s to the 2000s, and shows how these narrative dynamics have shaped the policies pursued by the United States.
The Euro Experiment
Authors: Wallace Paul
Published: December 2015

How and why did the euro crisis happen? What are the implications for the economic and political future of Europe? The euro is an extraordinary political and economic experiment, the results of which are still highly uncertain. This book, written by a leading commentator on the economics of the European Union, provides a clear and analytical guide to the euro experiment and the subsequent crisis. Written in a balanced way that is neither pro-euro nor euro-sceptic, it explains the political forces that helped to create and maintain the single currency. Further, it argues that the recent crisis can be best understood in terms of six fundamental issues: sovereign debt, banking, private debt, macroeconomic imbalances, defective economic governance, and the interplay of national and European politics. This accessible account will appeal to a wide readership, including general readers and students as well academics and policymakers working in banking and public policy.
Export Empire
Authors: Gross Stephen G.
Published: December 2015

German imperialism in Europe evokes images of military aggression and ethnic cleansing. Yet, even under the Third Reich, Germans deployed more subtle forms of influence that can be called soft power or informal imperialism. Stephen G. Gross examines how, between 1918 and 1941, German businessmen and academics turned their nation - an economic wreck after World War I - into the single largest trading partner with the Balkan states, their primary source for development aid and their diplomatic patron. Building on traditions from the 1890s and working through transnational trade fairs, chambers of commerce, educational exchange programmes and development projects, Germans collaborated with Croatians, Serbians and Romanians to create a continental bloc, and to exclude Jews from commerce. By gaining access to critical resources during a global depression, the proponents of soft power enabled Hitler to militarise the German economy and helped make the Third Reich's territorial conquests after 1939 economically possible.
Power and Global Economic Institutions
Authors: Kaya Ayse
Published: December 2015

What is the relationship between states' economic power and their formal political power in multilateral economic institutions? Why do we see variation in states' formal political power across economic institutions of the same era? In this book, Ayse Kaya examines these crucial under-explored questions, drawing on multiple theoretical traditions within international relations to advance a new approach of 'adjusted power'. She explains how the economic shifts of our time, marked by the rise of Brazil, Russia, India, China and other emerging economies, have affected and will impact key multilateral economic institutions. Through detailed contemporary and historical analyses of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the G20, and the International Trade Organization, Kaya shows that the institutional setting mediates the significance of the underlying distribution of economic power across states. The book presents both case studies and key statistics.
Islamic Populism in Indonesia and the Middle East
Authors: Hadiz Vedi R.
Published: December 2015

In a novel approach to the field of Islamic politics, this provocative new study compares the evolution of Islamic populism in Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, to the Middle East. Utilising approaches from historical sociology and political economy, Vedi R. Hadiz argues that competing strands of Islamic politics can be understood as the product of contemporary struggles over power, material resources and the result of conflict across a variety of social and historical contexts. Drawing from detailed case studies across the Middle East and Southeast Asia, the book engages with broader theoretical questions about political change in the context of socio-economic transformations and presents an innovative, comparative framework to shed new light on the diverse trajectories of Islamic politics in the modern world.
Sociology as a Population Science
Authors: Goldthorpe John H.
Published: December 2015

John Goldthorpe is one of Britain's most eminent sociologists and a strong advocate of quantitative sociology. In this concise and accessible book, he provides a new rationale for recent developments in sociology which focus on establishing and explaining probabilistic regularities in human populations. Through these developments, Goldthorpe shows how sociology has become more securely placed within the 'probabilistic revolution' that has occurred over the last century in the natural and social sciences alike. The central arguments of the book are illustrated with examples from different areas of sociology, ranging from social stratification and the sociology of the family to the sociology of revolutions. He concludes by considering the implications of these arguments for the proper boundaries of sociology, for its relations with other disciplines, and for its public role.
Chastity in Early Stuart Literature and Culture
Authors: Lander Johnson Bonnie
Published: December 2015

In this book, Bonnie Lander Johnson explores early modern ideas of chastity, demonstrating how crucial early Stuart thinking on chastity was to political, medical, theological and moral debates, and that it was also a virtue that governed the construction of different literary genres. Drawing on a range of materials, from prose to theatre, theological controversy to legal trials, and court ceremonies - including royal birthing rituals - Lander Johnson unearths previously unrecognised opinions about chastity. She reveals that early Stuart theatrical and court ceremonies were part of the same political debate as prose pamphlets and religious sermons. The volume also offers new readings of Milton's Comus, Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, Henrietta Maria's queenship and John Ford's plays. It will appeal to scholars of early modern literature, theatre, political, medical and cultural history, and gender studies.
Truth or Truthiness
Authors: Wainer Howard
Published: December 2015

Teacher tenure is a problem. Teacher tenure is a solution. Fracking is safe. Fracking causes earthquakes. Our kids are over-tested. Our kids are not tested enough. We read claims like these in the newspaper every day, often with no justification other than 'it feels right'. How can we figure out what is right? Escaping from the clutches of truthiness begins with one simple question: 'what is the evidence?' With his usual verve and flair, Howard Wainer shows how the sceptical mindset of a data scientist can expose truthiness, nonsense, and outright deception. Using the tools of causal inference he evaluates the evidence, or lack thereof, supporting claims in many fields, with special emphasis in education. This wise book is a must-read for anyone who has ever wanted to challenge the pronouncements of authority figures and a lucid and captivating narrative that entertains and educates at the same time.
The Political Economy of Predation
Authors: Vahabi Mehrdad
Published: December 2015

Still in early stages of development, conflict theory presents a growing interest in understanding the economic costs and benefits of conflicts. In this book, Mehrdad Vahabi analyses one type of conflict in particular: manhunting, or predation, in which a dominant power hunts down its prey and the goal of the prey is to escape and thus survive. This contrasts with traditional warfare, in which two (or more) powers enter into a conflict and the goal is to fight to win domination. The economics of escape casts light on costs and benefits of predatory activities, and explores the impact of violence as an impediment to developing countries with respect to assets structure. This book is unprecedented in its research and thought and develops a new theory of predation in economics that makes a significant contribution to the field.
Children in Out of Home Care: Should we give them a Fair Go?
Authors: Peel Nicole , Beckley Alan
Published: December 2015

This paper identifies a sizeable group of vulnerable children who suffer discrimination and under-achievement on a daily basis in Australia, with particular attention to NSW out-of-home care (OOHC) practices. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the gaps in services specifically relating to the education of children in OOHC, care leavers and young carers. The paper identifies the extent of the issue, the ways that OOHC children suffer discrimination and possible solutions. As OOHC children are not a specific equity group targeted for support by governments, their identity, numbers, problems and issues are not recorded or singled out for specialist support. The paper recognises that further research is required, but offers some ways forward giving examples of widening participation in education. However, it comes to the conclusion that OOHC children are not given a “Fair go”.
Editorial: December 2015
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer
Published: December 2015

This special celebratory issue of Children Australia marks a milestone in the commitment, tenacity and vision of many people across the last 40 years. Academics and professional practitioners, alike, have contributed their expertise and wisdom in a variety of roles – from writing and editing to financial backing and administrative excellence. Without this range of knowledge, and the determination to keep the journal alive and responsive to our changing world, we would not be in the strong and vibrant position we find ourselves in 2015.
Out-of-Home Care – Where to Next?
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer , Vicary David
Published: December 2015

In the light of Dave Vicary's review of 40 years of publications addressing out-of-home care (OOHC) issues and current concerns about both the systemic context of child protection and the comparatively narrow range of options for the delivery of care in the sector, a range of people from Australia and beyond were asked for their responses to the question: Where do you see OOHC going in the next 40 years and what do you think our priorities need to be?
‘Codeine is my companion’: misuse and dependence on codeine containing medicines in Ireland
Authors: Van Hout M. C. , Horan A. , Santlal K. , Rich E. , Bergin M.
Published: December 2015

Objectives

Global concern around over the counter availability of codeine containing products and risk of misuse, dependence and related harms are evident. A phenomenological study of lived experiences of codeine misuse and dependence was undertaken in Ireland, following the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland’s 2010 guidelines for restricted supply of non-prescription codeine containing products.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of adult codeine misusers and dependents (n=21), both actively using, in treatment and in recovery. The narratives were analysed using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological five-step method (Karlsson, 1995). A total of 10 themes with 82 categories were identified. Two concepts at a higher level of abstraction above the theme-level emerged during the final stage of analysis. The concepts identified were ‘emotional pain and user self-legitimization of use’ and ‘entrapment into habit-forming and invisible dependent use’. These concepts were reported in different ways by a majority of participants.

Results

Findings are presented under the following themes: (1) profile and product preferences; (2) awareness of habit forming use and harm; (3) negotiating pharmacy sales; (4) alternative sourcing routes; (5) the codeine feeling; (6) the daily routine; (7) acute and chronic side effects; (8) social isolation; (9) withdrawal and dependence and (10) help-seeking and treatment experiences.

Conclusions

There is a public health and regulatory imperative to develop proactive responses tackling public availability of codeine containing medicines, risk minimisation in consumer self-treatment for pain, enhanced patient awareness of potential for habit forming use and its consequences and continued health professional pharmacovigilence.
The Impact of Investability on Asset Valuation
Authors: Errunza Vihang , Ta Hai
Published: December 2015

We develop an international asset pricing model to measure the impact of investability constraints on asset pricing. For a sample of 18 emerging markets, we use Standard & Poor’s investable weight factor (IWF) to show a 26.33% reduction in the cost of equity capital when non-investable firms become partially investable, with a further 12.51% reduction when partially investable firms become unrestricted. We demonstrate the generality and usefulness of the IWF by examining stocks with global/American depositary receipts and foreign institutional holdings as alternate investability proxies. Our results provide strong evidence of the economic benefits of market liberalization policies.
Laryngeal biopsies: are we doing more, and why? A decade of results
Authors: Lim S , Sau P , Cooper L , McPhaden A , MacKenzie K
Published: December 2015

Background:

Over the last decade, we have observed an escalating trend in the number of laryngeal biopsies performed, despite the incidence of laryngeal cancer remaining constant. This study aimed to quantify the rate of laryngeal biopsies and record the indications.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of laryngeal biopsies performed in North Glasgow, Scotland, UK, between 2001 and 2010, was conducted.

Results:

From 2001 to 2010, 3902 laryngeal biopsies were carried out in North Glasgow. Histopathological results indicated the following diagnoses: squamous cell carcinoma, in 889 cases (23 per cent); dysplasia, in 986 cases (25 per cent); ‘no tumour’, in 913 cases (23 per cent); and benign pathology, in the remaining 1084 cases (28 per cent). There has been a significant increase in the number of biopsies performed after 2004, with the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and benign disease remaining relatively static.

Conclusion:

It is hypothesised that organ preservation strategies, endoscopic resection in early stage laryngeal cancer and chemoradiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer are responsible for the increase in laryngeal biopsies.
Socio-economic consequences of cattle predation by the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in a Caucasian conflict hotspot, northern Iran
Authors: Babrgir Sima , Farhadinia Mohammad S. , Moqanaki Ehsan M.
Published: December 2015

In the Caucasus the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor has been persecuted to the verge of extinction, primarily as a result of conflict with people over livestock predation. The socio-economic factors that influence this interaction have received little attention and the attitudes of local people towards leopards remain unknown. Here we assess the extent of cattle predation by leopards and how this influences people's attitudes towards leopards among village residents around the Dorfak No-Hunting Area, a priority reserve in the Iranian Caucasus. In a survey of 66 households, 48% of interviewees reported losing cattle to leopards during 2009–2011. A mean of c. 0.7 head of cattle per interviewed household was reportedly killed by leopards over the 3-year survey period. Cattle predation peaked during warm seasons, when most family members were busy with rice farming-related activities, thus leaving their cattle grazing unguarded in the forest. Regardless of the intensity of cattle predation or socio-economic status, 80% of respondents perceived leopards as a pest, with 45% of interviewees expressing support for either licensed hunting or culling of the Dorfak leopards. We recommend that the Iranian government considers the financial consequences of livestock loss for poor rural communities across the leopard's range. In addition, a combination of different livestock husbandry practices, with the direct involvement of local residents, is essential to ensure the long-term survival of the regional leopard population of the Caucasus.