bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activity Clamp Provides Insights into Paradoxical Effects of the Anti-Seizure Drug Carbamazepine
Authors: Morris Gareth , Leite Marco , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Pavlov Ivan , Schorge Stephanie , Lignani Gabriele
Published: May 2017

A major challenge in experimental epilepsy research is to reconcile the effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on individual neurons with their network-level actions. Highlighting this difficulty, it is unclear why carbamazepine (CBZ), a frontline AED with a known molecular mechanism, has been reported to increase epileptiform activity in several clinical and experimental studies. We confirmed in anin vitromouse model (in both sexes) that the frequency of interictal bursts increased after CBZ perfusion. To address the underlying mechanisms, we developed a method, activity clamp, to distinguish the response of individual neurons from network-level actions of CBZ. We first recorded barrages of synaptic conductances from neurons during epileptiform activity and then replayed them in pharmacologically isolated neurons under control conditions and in the presence of CBZ. CBZ consistently decreased the reliability of the second action potential in each burst of activity. Conventional current-clamp recordings using excitatory ramp or square-step current injections failed to reveal this effect. Network modeling showed that a CBZ-induced decrease of neuron recruitment during epileptic bursts can lead to an increase in burst frequency at the network level by reducing the refractoriness of excitatory transmission. By combining activity clamp with computer simulations, the present study provides a potential explanation for the paradoxical effects of CBZ on epileptiform activity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe effects of anti-epileptic drugs on individual neurons are difficult to separate from their network-level actions. Although carbamazepine (CBZ) has a known anti-epileptic mechanism, paradoxically, it has also been reported to increase epileptiform activity in clinical and experimental studies. To investigate this paradox during realistic neuronal epileptiform activity, we developed a method, activity clamp, to distinguish the effects of CBZ on individual neurons from network-level actions. We demonstrate that CBZ consistently decreases the reliability of the second action potential in each burst of epileptiform activity. Network modeling shows that this effect on individual neuronal responses could explain the paradoxical effect of CBZ at the network level.
The Centrioles,Centrosomes, Basal Bodies, and Cilia ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lattao Ramona , Kovács Levente , Glover David M
Published: May 2017

Centrioles play a key role in the development of the fly. They are needed for the correct formation of centrosomes, the organelles at the poles of the spindle that can persist as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) into interphase. The ability to nucleate cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) is a property of the surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM). The centriole has a dual life, existing not only as the core of the centrosome but also as the basal body, the structure that templates the formation of cilia and flagellae. Thus the structure and functions of the centriole, the centrosome, and the basal body have an impact upon many aspects of development and physiology that can readily be modeled in Drosophila. Centrosomes are essential to give organization to the rapidly increasing numbers of nuclei in the syncytial embryo and for the spatially precise execution of cell division in numerous tissues, particularly during male meiosis. Although mitotic cell cycles can take place in the absence of centrosomes, this is an error-prone process that opens up the fly to developmental defects and the potential of tumor formation. Here, we review the structure and functions of the centriole, the centrosome, and the basal body in different tissues and cultured cells of Drosophila melanogaster, highlighting their contributions to different aspects of development and cell division.
An Impact Assessment of Negative Interest Rates of Central Banks
Authors: Jurkšas Linas
Published: May 2017

The central bank community has been split into those who started to employ negative interest rates (NIR) and those who do not intend to do so, irrespective of the similarity of the economic situation. Moreover, while five central banks have applied negative policy rates from 2012, the launch time, scope and motives behind differ significantly. The fact that central banks have simultaneously pursued NIR at a time when the global financial system is not in a crisis is unprecedented and is a consequence of several fundamental and mutual factors. So, the purpose of this paper is to find out the motivation behind employing negative policy rates and assess how NIR affect different economic sectors. The statistical analysis reveals that the overall outcome is highly controversial, depending on the weight assigned to each economic sector as well as to short- and long-term goals. On the one hand, NIR lead to an overall positive impact on aggregate consumption, increased well-being of net borrower, investing NFCs, indebted governments and even financial institutions in the short run. On the other hand, savers and banks with high excess reserves and less room to reduce net interest margins are the most negatively affected. The impulse-response functions of created vector autoregression model for the euro area confirms these results: an interest rate reduction shock decreased borrowing and deposit rates, net interest margins but positively affected confidence, bond and equity prices, leading to somewhat higher expectations of economic growth and inflation in the longer term. While the lower bound of NIR remains uncrossed, further rate cuts in the negative territory or keeping them for a prolonged period of time might alter negative externalities. If expectations start looming over the material policy change or materialization of financial systematic vulnerabilities, positive effects of NIR could become more muted in the longer term.
Analyzing the Profile and Purchase Intentions of Green Consumers in Poland
Authors: Apaydin Fahri , Szczepaniak Magdalena
Published: May 2017

Consumers have started to search for green products and services as their environmental consciousness has been increasingly rising. As a result, companies have been forced to implement the strategies of green marketing, and marketers began to consider the differences existing between various segments of market in terms of green awareness. The aims of this study are to divide the market into specific consumer groups according to the environmental variables that have been viewed as important in the consumption process of the eco-friendly products; it is done so as to determine whether the significant differences between segments exist in terms of demographic variables and to discover a profile of green consumers in Poland. The self-administrated questionnaire sent via emails and networking websites served as a measurement instrument. As a result of the analyses, the environmental variables allowed for making a segmentation of consumers and discovering three groups: the Potential Greens, True Greens and Browns. Age and gender seem to be differentiating between greener segments and those consumer groups that are less environmentally conscious, while education and income are not statistically significant.
Understanding Kant’s Ethics
Authors: Frogel Shai
Published: May 2017

The paper discusses Kant's view concerning the nature of human existence. Its point of departure is Kant's "Antinomy of practical reason", where Kant confronts between the metaphysical and empirical aspects of human existence. Kant's discussion of this issue continues in "Critique of the aesthetical judgment", where he considers the aesthetic experience as a synthesis between these two aspects of human existence. At the end, the paper compares between Kant's view and Kierkegaard's idea of the different spheres of human existence for clarifying Kant's existential view, which is implied in his texts but does not appear as an explicit thesis in his writings.
Fairness, Dignity, and Beauty in Sport
Authors: Schulkin Jay
Published: May 2017

Fairness is a normative ideal that runs through sports. After all, what defines our cultural evolution in general is a conception of morality, whether thought of in the context of the state, tribe, team, or individual. Human dignity is also one of the important features of sport. Sport is reality for the better part of our nature. We find inspiration for the meaning of life in sport; dignity, social contact, rising to show the “better angel” overcoming adversity, managing defeat, the wondrous sense of well-earned and arduous victory, graciousness toward others in their defeat. While human dignity and solidarity are particularly expressed in the context of the Special Olympics, adaptation, well-being, and the role of sport are important elements in the context of all sporting events. Sport remains timeless while being a lifelong activity for many.
Ensiling on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation in rabbits of different forages
Authors: Hernandez Juan Carlos Angeles , Medina Karla Ivonne Valdes , Sanchez Amelia Zetina , Ortega Octavio Alonso Castelan , Osorio Andres Morales , Gutierrez Maria de Guadalupe , Ronquillo Manuel Gonzalez
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: The effect of chemical composition of silages on in vitro gas fermentation profiles in rabbits was examined. The study was performed using 7 silages: beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (FB, Vicia faba), common vetch (CV, Vicia sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (B, Hordeum vulgare), barley with common vetch (BCV) and barley with faba bean (BFB). We used 3 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as donors of caecal content in each incubation run (n=3). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized experimental design. The CV silage showed higher values of crude protein (CP), followed by FB and bean silages (P<0.001). Barley silage had the lowest CP content (96g kg-1 DM) (P=0.001). The NDF and ADF content were lower (P<0.001) for beans and CV compared with the rest of the forage silages. Ryegrass silage had higher values of dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, relative GP and SCFA (P<0.001). The highest values of digestible energy were for CV and bean silages (P<0.001). Ryegrass and CV silages showed higher levels in GP parameters, which could be associated with their better chemical composition characteristics, mainly protein and fiber content.
Life cycle assessment as a tool to evaluate the impact of reducing crude protein in pig diets
Authors: Monteiro Alessandra Nardina Trícia Rigo , Dourmad Jean-Yves , Pozza Paulo Cesar
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT: Environmental impacts of livestock systems, especially pig production, have come under increasing debate in recent years. The challenge is in meeting the growing demand for food at an affordable cost, without compromising environmental integrity. Previous studies have shown that feed production is responsible for the majority of CO2-eq. emission resulting from pig farming systems. This seems to indicate that feed strategies could be an effective tool to achieve the sustainability of the pork chain. Therefore, dietary crude protein reduction, through the addition of industrial amino acids, lessens the nitrogen excretion by pigs and, consequently, could mitigate the effects on the environment of pig production. In this sense, to effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of pig production systems, life cycle assessment has been widely used in agriculture, but the effects of feed are still understudied in Brazilian conditions. Owing to the importance and the great concern in this research area, we presented in this paper an updated review focusing on the nutritional techniques and their potential to reduce the global warming potential of pig production, considering both the direct effects, related to the choice of feed ingredients and the indirect effects, related to changes in the efficiency of use of nutrient by the animals.
Medicinal plants profile used by the 3rd District population of Maceió-AL
Authors: Griz S. A. S. , Matos-Rocha T. J. , Santos A. F. , Costa J. G. , Mousinho K. C.
Published: May 2017

Abstract Herein the use of medicinal plants by the population of the 3rd Sanitary District of Maceió-AL city is reported. Transversal description was conducted from February 2013 to January 2014, with a sample of 116 individuals of both Gender Genders aged over 18 years. The ethnobotanical information interviews ethnobotanical information were obtained through semi - structured questionnaire featuring the use of medicinal plants and social and economical data. Descriptive statistics was applied for quantitative variables as mean and standard deviation and proportions for qualitative variables in the frequency table format. The results showed that 85.34% of the interviewees used plants for medicinal purposes. As the majority of these were (73.28%) females in the age group between 30-60 years of old. Among a total of 45 identified plant species, the highest use frequency were for Boldus Peumus (bilberry), Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), and Mentha piperita (mint). The most widely used plant foliage part was (53.53%) prepared as an infusion (55.5%). The use of medicinal plants in Maceió cityis widespread, highlighting the importance of ethnobotanical knowledge for the study of medicinal plants.
Orthotopic tumorgrafts in nude mice as a model to evaluate calcitriol effects in breast cancer
Authors: Fonseca-Filho V. C. N. , Katayama M. L. H. , Lyra E. C. , Maria D. A. , Basso R. A. , Nonogaki S. , Guerra J. M. , Maistro S. , Góes J. C. G. S. , Folgueira M. A. A. K.
Published: May 2017

Abstract Calcitriol antiproliferative effects were observed in xenografts of breast cancer cell lines, however they were not yet investigated in tumorgrafts, consisting of freshly collected breast cancer samples xenografted into animals. Objectives To establish a tumorgraft model, from freshly collected breast cancer samples, which were directly implanted in nude mice, to study calcitriol effects. Methods Breast cancer samples collected from 12 patients were orthotopically implanted into nude mice. Animals were treated with weekly intratumoral injections of calcitriol 3 μg/Kg, which was previously shown to induce peak serum calcitriol levels in the predicted therapeutic range. Results Success engraftment rate was 25%. Tumorgrafts were established from aggressive (HER2 positive or histological grade 3) highly proliferative samples and original tumor characteristics were preserved. Calcitriol highly induced its target gene, CYP24A1, indicating that the genomic vitamin D pathway is active in tumorgrafts. However, no differences in the expression of proliferation and apoptosis markers (BrdU incorporation, Ki67, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, BCL2 expression) were observed in these highly proliferative tumor samples. Conclusions Tumorgrafts seem a promising model to explore other calcitriol doses and regimens, considering the heterogeneity of the disease and microenvironment interactions.
Plankton crustaceans in bays with different trophic status in Llanquihue lake (41° S Chile)
Authors: Escalante P. De los Ríos , Soto D. , Santander-Massa R. , Acevedo P.
Published: May 2017

Abstract The Llanquihue lake is included in the called Araucanian or Nord Patagonian lakes located between 38-41° S. These lakes are characterized by their oligo-mesotrophic status due to human intervention which takes to the increase in nutrients inputs from industries and towns. Effects on zooplankton assemblages are observed with marked increase of daphnids abundance. The aim of the present study is to analyze the trophic status and zooplankton relative abundance in different bays of Llanquihue lake. It was found direct associations between chlorophyll a with daphnids percentage, total dissolved nitrogen with reactive soluble phosphorus nitrogen/phosphorus molar radio with cyclopoids percentage, and an inverse relation between daphnids and calanoids percentages. The occurrence of three kinds of microcrustacean assemblages and environmental conditions was evidenced: the first one with high calanoids percentage, low species number and low chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, a second with moderate chlorophyll and nutrients concentration and moderate daphnids percentage; high species number and a third site with high chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, high daphnids percentage and high species number. Daphnids increase under mesotrophic status, agree with similar results observed for southern Argentinean and New Zealand lakes.
Transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerras alimentadas com colostro de vacas com mastite subclínica
Authors: Leite Renata Freitas , Baccili Camila Costa , Silva Cynthia Pereira da Costa e , Novo Sylvia Marquart Fontes , Baldacim Vinicius Alvim Passos , Benites Nilson Roberti , Gomes Viviani
Published: May 2017

RESUMO: Este trabalho avaliou a influência da infecção bacteriana da glândula mamária (GM) sobre a transferência de imunidade passiva (TIP) em bezerros recém-nascidos. Vacas holandesas (n=13) foram observadas no momento da parição e ordenhadas para a obtenção de forma asséptica das amostras de colostro (n=52) para os testes microbiológicos. Os recém-nascidos receberam 6 litros de colostro de uma ordenha nas primeiras 12 horas de vida, proveniente de suas respectivas mães. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes (D0) e após (D2) o manejo do colostro. A TIP foi avaliada por meio de testes bioquímicos, eletroforese e leucograma. Os bezerros foram distribuídos conforme a ausência (IB-) ou presença (IB+) de infecção mamária em pelo menos uma GM de suas respectivas mães. Todas as amostras de colostro (n=52) foram negativas ao cultivo fúngico. Das 13 fêmeas, 8 (61%) apresentaram crescimento bacteriano em ≥1 quartos mamários. Considerando-se os quartos mamários, foi obtido isolamento bacteriano em 21,15% (11/52), observando-se predomínio de espécies bacterianas do grupo Staphylococcus coagulase negativa. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os parâmetros de acordo com os grupos experimentais. Em relação aos momentos, foi possível verificar aumento nos valores de proteína total, globulinas, atividade sérica da gama glutamiltransferase e frações eletroforéticas beta e gamaglobulina após a ingestão do colostro materno. A mastite subclínica não influencia a transferência de imunidade passiva em bezerros recém-nascidos da raça holandesa, avaliados por teste bioquímicos, eletroforese e leucograma.
Cuidado paliativo em oncologia pediátrica na formação do enfermeiro
Authors: Guimarães Tuani Magalhães , Silva Liliane Faria da , Santo Fátima Helena Espírito , Moraes Juliana Rezende Montenegro Medeiros de , Pacheco Sandra Teixeira de Araújo
Published: May 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar e descrever a visão dos acadêmicos de enfermagem sobre os cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica durante a graduação. Método Pesquisa exploratória, abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em uma Escola de Enfermagem no Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a novembro de 2014, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 20 acadêmicos do último período de graduação. A análise temática dos dados foi realizada. Resultados Foram elaboradas duas unidades temáticas: o (des)preparo dos acadêmicos de enfermagem frente aos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica e a abordagem dos cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica na graduação em enfermagem. Os acadêmicos apontaram dificuldades para a realização desse cuidado e a falta de contato com a temática no decorrer da graduação. Os entrevistados citam estratégias de preparo para o cuidado e propõem como o tema deve ser abordado na grade curricular. Conclusão É necessária a ampliação da discussão sobre os cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica durante a graduação do enfermeiro.
O quesito raça/cor nos estudos de caracterização de usuários de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial
Authors: Silva Naiara Gajo , Barros Sônia , Azevedo Fernanda Christiane de , Batista Luís Eduardo , Policarpo Valéria Camargo
Published: May 2017

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar, por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura científica, o perfil dos usuários atendidos em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS), para verificar a inclusão do quesito raça/cor nessa produção. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado de maio a agosto de 2015 no Google Acadêmico e em bases que compõem a Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde: Medline, BDENF, Paho, Index Psicologia e Lilacs. As estratégias de busca foram: (1) “mental health services”/“serviços de saúde mental” AND “epidemiological profile”/“perfil epidemiológico” e (2) “mental health services”/“serviços de saúde mental” AND “health profile”/“perfil de saúde”. Dois revisores avaliaram títulos e resumos dos 452 artigos recuperados. A partir disso, foram excluídos os artigos repetidos e os que não tratam do perfil de usuários de CAPS, restando então 17 artigos. Desses, apenas três apresentaram dados de raça/cor, mas nenhum discutiu esses dados. Verificou-se que dois CAPS têm proporcionalmente mais negros em tratamento do que a população em geral, e evidenciou-se que o uso da variável raça/cor para caracterizar usuários dos serviços de CAPS ainda é reduzido, mesmo que seja importante marcador de cunho social - isso vai ao encontro da maneira como as desigualdades raciais no Brasil são tratadas pela sociedade: como inexistentes, o que reforça as iniquidades. Essas desigualdades têm se revelado persistentes e requerem que a política de saúde mental e a academia iniciem discussão que vá além de recomendações de conferências, para que se definam estratégias para esse enfrentamento e se produzam e reproduzam conhecimentos que possam ajudar na elaboração e implementação dessas estratégias.
Vulnerabilidade e direitos humanos na compreensão de trajetórias de internação por tuberculose
Authors: Maffacciolli Rosana , Oliveira Dora Lúcia L. C. de , Brand Évelin Maria
Published: May 2017

Resumo O objetivo foi compreender como desigualdades e violações de direitos humanos se articulam em trajetórias de vulnerabilidade à internação por tuberculose. Foram realizadas entrevistas com pessoas internadas para tratamento da tuberculose em um hospital localizado em Porto Alegre, região sul do Brasil, no ano de 2014. Coinfecção tuberculose-HIV/aids, uso nocivo de drogas (especialmente o crack) e estar em situação de rua foram os acontecimentos mais expressivos nas trajetórias estudadas. A análise, orientada pelo quadro da vulnerabilidade e dos direitos humanos, e pelo construcionismo social como uma de suas bases teóricas, fez emergir a reflexão sobre marcadores sociais da diferença - gênero, raça, classe social e estigma relacionado à aids e ao uso de drogas - e suas intersecções na constituição das situações associadas ao adoecimento. A expressividade desses marcadores e seus efeitos na produção de desigualdades, discriminação, exploração e opressão permitiu desvelar o cenário sociocultural em que as trajetórias de internação por tuberculose são construídas. Esse conhecimento pode contribuir com a resposta que a tuberculose demanda, especialmente, ao reconhecer que as propostas em saúde precisam buscar mitigar vulnerabilidades sem negligenciar o enfrentamento às desigualdades sociais e à proteção aos direitos humanos.
Apoio social: percepção materna em contextos com diferentes graus de urbanização
Authors: Vieira Viviane , Vieira Mauro Luis , Prado Alessandra Bonassoli
Published: May 2017

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos: verificar as diferenças no apoio percebido por mães de três contextos de urbanização; analisar a correlação do apoio com dados sociodemográficos e com a qualidade do ambiente familiar; e estabelecer qual modelo de variáveis explica o apoio percebido em cada contexto. Ao total, 150 mães residentes em três contextos responderam um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, itens da qualidade de vida familiar atual e uma Escala de Apoio Social. Por meio de análises estatísticas, constataram-se diferenças significativas nas dimensões do apoio social, com melhor percepção nas dimensões Apoio Afetivo e Apoio Emocional para o Interior Leste e menor percepção do Apoio Material para a Capital. Nos modelos de regressão, as variáveis número de filhos e qualidade do ambiente familiar atual mostraram-se preditoras do apoio. Conclui-se que a qualidade do ambiente familiar tem importância no apoio e as características individuais e culturais devem ser consideradas ao se investigar o suporte social.
Regulação emocional em crianças com e sem sintomas de depressão
Authors: Cruvinel Miriam , Boruchovitch Evely
Published: May 2017

O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a regulação emocional de crianças com e sem sintomas de depressão. A amostra foi composta por 54 alunos de 3ª e 4ª séries do ensino fundamental, sendo 27 com sintomas depressivos (G1) e 27 sem sintomatologia (G2). Utilizou-se o Inventário de Depressão Infantil - CDI (Kovacs, 1992) e a Entrevista com Pranchas para Avaliação da Regulação Emocional de Alunos do Ensino Fundamental - EPRE (Cruvinel & Boruchovitch, 2004). Os resultados indicaram que os dois grupos relataram usar estratégias semelhantes para lidar com as diferentes emoções, no entanto, os alunos do G1 sentem mais frequentemente tristeza e raiva e têm mais dificuldade na percepção de emoções como tristeza, medo e alegria. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, discute-se a importância do desenvolvimento de programas orientados para a prevenção e, especialmente, para a intervenção em depressão na infância e na adolescência, visando não só reduzir a prevalência de depressão, mas também melhorar as estratégias de regulação emocional e depressão e o bem-estar psicológico dos alunos do ensino fundamental.
Cuidadores de crianças com leucemia: exigências do tratamento e aprendizagem de novos comportamentos
Authors: Kohlsdorf Marina , Costa Junior Áderson Luiz
Published: May 2017

O câncer na faixa pediátrica representa um contexto de perdas, incertezas, dor física e diversas dificuldades para o paciente e seus familiares. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as demandas específicas vivenciadas por 30 cuidadores pediátricos, bem como comportamentos favoráveis adquiridos ao longo do semestre inicial de tratamento para leucemias, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas em dois momentos. Os resultados indicaram exigências específicas, como necessidade de maior atenção e monitoramento do paciente e aumento dos gastos financeiros. Houve relatos importantes sobre a aprendizagem de novos padrões de comportamento referidos como favoráveis, tais como aquisição de comportamentos mais adaptativos a demandas do ambiente, percepção de maior autoeficácia e atuação mais ativa no tratamento, aprendizagem sobre procedimentos médicos invasivos e destituição de crenças disfuncionais associadas ao câncer. O estudo aprofunda dados indicados na literatura e destaca a importância de mais intervenções psicossociais junto a pacientes pediátricos e cuidadores.
Validade do conjunto de testes da habilidade de memória de curto-prazo (CTMC)
Authors: Gomes Cristiano Mauro Assis
Published: May 2017

Este artigo analisa em nível exploratório a validade do CTMC, em termos de sua estrutura fatorial, validade convergente, validade discriminante e validade preditiva. Serão analisadas as respostas de 230 participantes que cursavam o ensino médio. Para investigar a estrutura fatorial foi usada a análise fatorial exploratória. Para investigar a validade convergente, divergente e preditiva foi usado o modelamento por equação estrutural. Os resultados apontam que os escores dos testes possuem adequada confiabilidade e validade. A estrutura fatorial dos itens dos testes indica a presença de três fatores especializados da memória de curto-prazo (Gsm). Os testes convergem para mensurar Gsm e divergem na mensuração de Gf. Gsm, medida pelo CTMC, prediz Gf.
Measuring the Severity of Stress-Test Scenarios
Authors: Durdu Bora , Edge Rochelle M. , Schwindt Daniel
Published: May 2017

This note presents a simple methodology for measuring the severity of stress-test scenarios, which relies on a comparison of scenario developments with historically stressful episodes--specifically, recessions and house-price retrenchments.
The Urban Food Hubs Solution: Building Capacity in Urban Communities
Authors: O’Hara Sabine
Published: May 2017

Access to affordable fresh food is an ongoing challenge for underserved urban neighborhoods across the United States. Several are designated food deserts with no access to a full-service grocery store within a one-mile radius. The Urban Food Hubs of the College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability, and Environmental Sciences (CAUSES) of the University of the District of Columbia (UDC) exemplify the University’s commitment to building capacity in the food desert neighborhoods of Washington D.C. The four components of the Urban Food Hubs are food production, food preparation, food distribution, and waste and water recovery (http://www.udc.edu/category/causes). They are designed to not only provide access to fresh food, but also to create jobs, improve public health, mitigate water management problems, and create urban resiliency. The contributions in economic, social/cultural, and physical/environmental impacts, and the five pillars of economic development that track the broader impacts of urban capacity building are described here. The Urban Food Hubs demonstrate the investment metropolitan universities could make to ensure the long-term economic, social, and environmental health of each community. The model is scalable and replicable in other metropolitan areas including those that experience high pressure on land-use and those experiencing decline.
University Influence in Urban Food Systems
Authors: Fox Julie M.
Published: May 2017

This themed issue of Metropolitan Universities journal illustrates how urban universities lead and contribute to food system teaching and learning; research and innovation; outreach and engagement; and resource stewardship. Common themes emerging in this issue include the essential approach of collaboration; the value of diverse voices and perspectives; the influence of distinct urban contexts; and the complexity of food security and other system issues.
After Deren
Authors: Kappenberg Claudia , Rosenberg Douglas
Published: May 2017

No abstract availableThis editorial was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 3 (2013), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Maya Deren: A Prologue
Authors: Bench Harmony
Published: May 2017

No abstract availableThis essay was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 3 (2013), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
About Maya Deren's Sink
Authors: Tranouli Eleni
Published: May 2017

No abstract availableThis review essay was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 3 (2013), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
On Collaboration and Interdisciplinarity: Meshes of the Afternoon
Authors: James Andrew
Published: May 2017

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 3 (2013), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Antagonismo de Saccharicola sp., contra fitopatógenos de la raíz de chile jalapeño (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Uc-Arguelles Ana Karina , Pérez-Moreno Jesús , Ayala-Escobar Victoria , Zavaleta-Mejía Emma
Published: May 2017

Se evaluó la capacidad antagónica de Saccharicola sp in vitro e invernadero contra Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia solani. Mediante confrontaciones duales se evaluó la reducción de crecimiento del fitopatógeno y se registró el número de días en que el antagonista invadió el micelio de los patógenos, se determinó la viabilidad del micelio invadido y la producción de propágulos del fitopatógeno. Saccharicola sp causó reducción de 44.8 % y 45.1 % en el crecimiento de P. capsici y F. oxysporum a los 3 días posteriores a la confrontación (dpc) y en R. solani 36.2 % a los 2 dpc. Para determinar su potencial micoparasítico se realizaron microcultivos. A las 72 h se observó el enrollamiento del antagonista alrededor de P. capsici. En R. solani desde las 24 h se observaron hundimientos en los sitios de contacto con el antagonista. A pesar que en condiciones in vitro Saccharicola sp mostró un efecto negativo contra los fitopatógenos y hubo evidencia de  micoparasitismo, en invernadero no redujo la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad, ni promovió el crecimiento de las plantas.
Le Régime Foncier Congolais : Du Contact Avec La Civilisation Occidentale à La Veuille de La Loi n°73- 021 du 20 Juillet 1973 Dite Foncière
Authors: Lonu Marie-Bernard Dhedya , Gehrin Markus , Cordonier Marie-Claire , Moke Michel Ilume , Wa Bassa Salomon Mampeta
Published: May 2017

This study focuses on the description of the Congolese land system after formal contact with Western civilization. The contact between the western and Congolese civilizations intervened with the explorations. Moreover, it would have been necessary to wait for the constitution of the Independent State of the Congo to be able to formally speak of a contact of the civilizations. Indeed, the contact between the explorer and the native is not significant at this time. Moreover, land management did not fit into the objectives of these adventurers. Land management has proven to be indispensable with the advent of colonization on Congolese territory. During colonization, land management took into account the rights of indigenous peoples by devoting several categories of land. Moreover, after its accession to international sovereignty through its Independence, the young Congolese state began a land reform by domanialising all the lands. This, however, was even described as expropriation.
Estudio De La Brecha Empresario-Investigador: La Percepción Del Empresario
Authors: Méndez-Peón Carlos Ángel , Herrera-Avilés Margarita , Toriz-Palacios Alfredo , González-Pérez Manuel
Published: May 2017

Competitiveness and productivity are crucial for the development of a country. A more competitive economy can grow faster over time. Technological innovation is the strongest pillar that guarantees long term competitiveness and quality of life for both developed and emerging countries. The University-Enterprise relationship (RUE) is a resource that is used to build a strong pillar of innovation. Therefore, it is important that a good relationship should be established between the main participants, the entrepreneur and the researcher (E-I). However, current literature has largely ignored the problem of the personnel involved. In contributing to the knowledge of this subject, we examined the gap that exists between the entrepreneur and the researcher (ERG), the importance of empathy in the E-I collaboration, and the factors that impact this collaboration the most from the entrepreneur stand point. The study was exploratory and transversal and data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The sample consisted of expert entrepreneurs with experience in innovation projects carried out in collaboration with researchers. The results show that 70% of the interviewed entrepreneurs recognize the existence of ERG. 87.5% of the entrepreneurs surveyed see empathy as a very significant factor for the E-I relationship, and there were 32 factors that are most influential on this collaboration.
La Creatividad Como Herramienta Didáctica En El Desarrollo Educativo Musical En Educación Primaria
Authors: Aranda Luis del Barrio
Published: May 2017

This research shows a case study based on the analysis of an educational proposal focused on musical creative practice developed with 26 students in a class group of 4th year of primary education in a school year. The work was based on the musical teaching-learning process, the study of their contribution to the achievement of the set of curricular musical competences and the improvement of the student work in different contexts of learning with varying degrees of autonomy. The qualitative nature of this educational research has pointed out the use of numerous instruments for collecting information, whose triangulation has facilitated the interpretation of the results. The understanding of musical knowledge in selfexperimentation and the active dimension of the educational proposal have stimulated the familiarization of students with the musical activity as a way of autodidaxia creative activity.
Participation of Women in the Notarial Public Deed of the 16th Century. From the Constriction of the Marital Licence to the Fullness of Widowhood
Authors: Rivera Alicia Marchant , Cebrian Lorena Barco
Published: May 2017

This study intends to analyse the participation of the married woman and the widow in the notarial public deed of the 16th century, in Spain, in light of the notarial forms and treatises of the time and the process itself of executing a notarial public deed. Visigothic Law would gather, to certain extent, Roman limitations and the openness brought by the Christian doctrine, resulting in the different legal systems of High Medieval times, when the married woman needed a licence from her husband in order to act. Spanish Law 56 of Toro would regulate the marital licence as a general system and compulsory requirement for the valid intervention of the married woman. In the beginning of the 16th century, not a few women executed notarial deeds and wrote royal letters related to registering as residents, returning properties and shortening litigations.
Attribution Des Noms Et Pratiques En Santé Materno-Infantile : Approche Socio-Anthropologique Des Enfants Sacrés En Pays Abouré Et Baoulé De Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: N’Goran Sylvie , Oga Maxime
Published: May 2017

The birth of a child is considered as a joyous event and comes along with celebrations and festivities according to the tradition of each cultural group. The name given to the new-born may be that of a living grandparent, one of the parents, or a friend of the child’s father. However, the name given may also be related to the birth order. The birth of a child, who is a fragile and vulnerable being, gives rise to indispensable rituals that takes into account its rank. These rituals are not only for its survival and development, but also for its socialization and the transformation of its identity. Tradition also involves cultural identity through name assigning in order to protect the child from all kinds of diseases. Moreover, traditional practices regarding the issue of child health serves as forms of protection, humanization, and integration of the child into the society. What about the Aboure and N’Zipkly people? From a comprehensive perspective on the specificity of the names given from birth, this study aims to grasp the plausible influences on child health based on the relationships between the child and his name as perceived by the Abouré and N’Zipkly people. To achieve this, we asked ourselves the following questions: Why does a name has a significant influence on the health of the newborn? What is the relationship between child health and name? What are the socio-cultural practices of sacred children? Furthermore, there were various questions that led to data collection by observing activities and practices related to sacred children. The data collection was done using interview guides for mothers with children aged 0 to 5 years, grandparents, and traditional therapists.
Does Having a Living Child Increase Women’s Risk of Intimate Partner Violence? Evidence from 2008- 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Solanke Bola Lukman , Ilevbare Femi Monday
Published: May 2017

This study examined the relationship between number of living children and intimate partner violence. This was with the view to ascertaining whether having living children or not having a living child was associated with increased risk of intimate partner violence among currently married women in Nigeria. The study analyzed data from 2008-2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. The binary logistic regression was applied. Results showed that women who had two or more living children were 20.5% more likely to experience intimate partner violence compared with women who had no living child (OR=1.205; CI: 0.993-1.461). The study concluded that having living children increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence in Nigeria. Women experiencing intimate partner violence should seek psychosocial counselling to reduce the incidence of intimate partner violence that may arise from childbearing.
Les Déterminants de L’accroissement de L’horizon Spatial de Recherche D’emploi en Milieu Urbain Ivoirien
Authors: N’guessan Coffie Francis José
Published: May 2017

The aim of this study is to obtain the determinants of spatial job search in urban Côte d'Ivoire. Due to the purpose of this study, we used the theory of Job search and a qualitative response model. The results indicated that the proximity to a local employment agency and social composition of the district play a significant role based on the decision of spatial job search. The findings of this study broadly confirmed the work of other authors in developed countries.
Geomechanical Assesment of Injection Pressure Constraints for a Waterflood Field Development
Authors: Aamri Mohammed , Al Zadjali Ruqaya , Mahajan Sandeep , Hindriks Cornelius
Published: May 2017

Geomechanic can play a major role in designing successful waterflood operations. The objective of this paper is to discuss the Geomechanic workflow that aims to provide optimal injection pressures which maximize the injected volumes while avoiding the growth and propagation of hydraulic fractures in the reservoir. The success of waterflood development depends on a proper pressure injection design which requires knowledge of formation fracture pressures and rock properties. This paper shows how Geomechanic can be used advantageously to set appropriate injection constraints that can vary from one field to another and even within a field by itself. Within PDO it is now a common development practice to do a geomechanics studies to investigate the maximum allowable injection pressure such that no fractures will develop and grow (matrix injection conditions).

A semi-analytical wellbore equation is used (based on an elasto-plastic model) to predict a range of bottom hole pressures that can be used to avoid fracturing. Further, a Monte Carlo analysis is applied to get probabilistic results. Data from well tests and operational data like Hall plots were analyzed and used in this geomechanics workflow. Also, geomechanical modeling was carried out to estimate the rock properties (from logs) and the orientation and magnitude of the stresses. It is critical to understand the in-situ stresses in the formation, in particular the minimum horizontal stress. Therefore, the derived (estimated) data was complemented by measured data: pore pressure and the minimum horizontal stress (mini-frac data). Results were verified via a rigorous analysis of a number of waterflood campaigns. These confirmed that in general fracturing conditions can be (substantially) higher than the generally assumed minimum stress (gradient) or the minimum stress (gradient) in the formation that is to be injected.

As an example this geomechanics workflow that determines the maximum injection pressure will be applied to a reservoir (in Oman) that consists of carbonate and shale formations. The maximum injection pressures show variations across the formation. Based on the results of the analyses in this study limits for waterflood injection pressure were recommended for the future development and will have a direct impact on the economics of the planned field development in terms of recovery rate.
A New Robust Nonlinear Inversion Algorithm for LWD Resistivity Measurements in High-Angle and Horizontal Wells
Authors: Hu F. X. , Fan Y. R.
Published: May 2017

Logging-while-drilling (LWD) Resistivity Measurements in high-angle and horizontal wells cannot be used for quantitative calculation directly, since they are easily influenced by borehole/formation geometry, surrounding beds and other factors. Although Least-Squares (LS) inversion method is widely used to reconstruct the actual reserve resistivity, it assumes that the measurement data are corrupted with pure Gaussian noise. This assumption makes it cannot work when the measured data are contaminated by non-Gaussian noise. Furthermore, in highly deviated wells, LWD apparent resistivity measurements always show "horns" near the bed boundaries where the resistivity contrastsare high. These "horns" can also decrease the inversion accuracy.

In this paper, we propose a new robust nonlinear inversion algorithm that uses Huber criterion as a solution for handling the measured data mentioned above. Compared with Least-Squares inversion, this method requires one additional parameter, namely, the threshold of Huber criteria, δ. This parameter is very important and must be chosen carefully. By varying δ, Huber inversion method can be divided into two parts. If the absolute error of simulated response (compared to the measured response) is greater than δ, l1 norm inversion is used. Otherwise, l2 norm inversion method is used. This method combines advantages of both l1 and l2 inversion and works best if the resistivity data contains non-Gaussian noises as well as "horns". Meanwhile, during the inversion process, we introduce a new approximate method for computing the Jacobian matrix and desired step, which could improve the calculation results. Besides, since currentmulti-resolution LWD resistivity tools could providemultiple compensated resistivity measurements, a linear optimization combination method of iterative stepsis introduced for multi-resolution resistivity curves. The weights can be adjustedaccording to the LWD resistivity sensitivity for borehole deviation, resistivity contrast at bed boundaries, and the contaminated extent by noise. This optimal procedure could further improve the computation accuracy.

A series of numerical simulations for different conditions are analyzed and discussed, the comparison of LS and Huber inversion shows that Huber algorithm is more robust and stable when the measurements contain both data of "horns" and non-Gaussian noise. Therefore, this method is more suitable for routine petrophysical interpretation and quantitative formation evaluation.
Asphaltene Phase Behavior Modeling for Wells from the Middle East
Authors: Al-Qasim Abdulaziz
Published: May 2017

Production and processing operations of crude oil require a thorough understanding of phase behavior. To model asphaltenes, we need to know more about their phase behavior. The model has to incorporate the interaction of asphaltene and oil in terms of solubility in oil and the suspension characteristics attributed to resin.

This paper reports a comprehensive phase behavior study for five wells from the Middle East was performed as part of an asphaltene precipitation study. The study outlined several important concepts and detailed procedures for modeling asphaltene phase behavior using WinProp, which uses the Nghiem model for asphaltene precipitation