bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical and Predicted Boreal Forest Carbon Pools Following Stem‐Only Harvesting in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Sage Larissa K. , Smith C. Tattersall , Kurz Werner , Thiffault Evelyne , Paré David , Bernier Pierre
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Total ecosystem carbon recovered to pre‐harvest levels after seven decades.

Predicted and observed carbon pools differed most for deadwood and soil.

Modified CBM‐CFS3 initialization and default decay parameters may improve accuracy.

Climate change and global wood products demand raise concerns about boreal forest ecosystem resilience to natural disturbances and harvesting. A chronosequence experiment located in Forêt Montmorency, Quebec was used to evaluate the effects of harvesting on carbon (C) recovery trajectories at the stand level over a period of 77 years in balsam fir‐white birch stands. Empirical estimates of 19 Forêt Montmorency forest carbon pools were compared with those simulated by the Carbon Budget Model (CBM‐CFS3) to test model assumptions for predicting carbon dynamics in this forest. The model was initialized using forest inventory data, spatially explicit environmental conditions, and disturbance matrices designed to represent historical spruce budworm epidemics in Forêt Montmorency. Over the chronosequence, total ecosystem C increased significantly (p = 0.05) following harvest from 211 Mg in year‐zero to 279 ± 8 Mg C ha−1 in year 67 (mean ± SE), suggesting that FM carbon pools were recovering to pre‐harvest levels after seven decades. The CBM‐CFS3 model predicted total ecosystem C stocks within 10% of the empirical mean at stand maturity; however, several predicted C pools deviated from field observations in both C amounts and trends over time. The greatest differences were in deadwood and soil C pools, suggesting that model initialization of dead organic matter pools did not adequately simulate the 1000‐yr history of C‐pool transfers and stand dynamics leading up to the harvest. Modifications to CBM‐CFS3 initialization assumptions and default decay parameters may more accurately simulate long‐term effects of natural disturbances on C pools for this forest region.
Dividend policy on controlling and non-controlling shareholders: case in Indonesia
Authors: Swandari Budiarso Novi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine dividend policy on both the controlling and non-controlling shareholders based on assumptions according to theories of life cycle, and free cash flow.The sample for this study is 241 listed firm in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period from 2010 to 2015. This study divides the sample based on quartiles and analyzes it by conducting logistic regression with significant rate at 0.05. This study provides the evidences that: (1) firms as dividend payers tend not distribute their dividend for controlling shareholders and non-controlling shareholders while the composition for both shareholders are almost equal; (2) firms as dividend payers also have tendency not to distribute dividend on controlling shareholders when this shareholders have largest percentage of ownership; and (3) firms as dividend payers tend not distribute dividend on non-controlling shareholders while they have lowest retained earnings.The findings imply that life cycle theory and free cash flow theory can explain the behavior of dividending policy on controlling shareholders and non-controlling shareholders depend on their circumstances.The study uses alternative measurement for non-controlling shareholders as this variable together with controlling shareholders are moderating the other independent variables for testing the model of dividend policy.
Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from domestic pigeons Columba livia var. domestica in 2007-2017 in Poland
Authors: LEDWOŃ ALEKSANDRA , RZEWUSKA MAGDALENA , CZOPOWICZ MICHAŁ , KIZERWETTER-ŚWIDA MAGDALENA , CHROBAK-CHMIEL DOROTA , SZELESZCZUK PIOTR
Published: June 2019

Salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeons. The disease occurs in birds of different ages, and long-term Salmonella spp. carrier status is a major problem. The study included 499 samples from live pigeons and internal organs from 265 necropsied birds. The samples were cultured on a standard and selective media. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Thirty one Salmonella spp. isolates were cultured. Most isolates were obtained from the internal organs of dead or euthanised pigeons, and only single isolates were obtained from droppings and cloacal swabs. A total of 4% of the samples tested were positive. The greatest percentage of isolates was susceptible to enrofloxacin (96.3%) and florfenicol (95.7%). Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim combination was effective against 73.9% of the isolates. Despite the fact of increasing antibiotic resistance of the investigated bacteria, it is comforting that enrofloxacin remains highly effective despite its widespread use in birds.
Improved SVR machine learning models for agricultural drought prediction at downstream of Langat River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Fung Kit Fai , Huang Yuk Feng , Koo Chai Hoon , Mirzaei Majid
Published: June 2019

Drought is a harmful and little understood natural hazard. Effective drought prediction is vital for sustainable agricultural activities and water resources management. The support vector regression (SVR) model and two of its enhanced variants, namely, fuzzy-support vector regression (F-SVR) and boosted-support vector regression (BS-SVR) models, for predicting the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration indices (SPEI) (in this case, SPEI-1, SPEI-3 and SPEI-6, at various timescales) with a lead time of one month, were developed to minimize potential drought impact on oil palm plantations at the downstream end of the Langat River Basin, which has a tropical climate pattern. Observed SPEIs from periods 1976 to 2011 and 2012 to 2015 were used for model training and validation, respectively. By applying the MAE, RMSE, MBE and R2 as model assessments, it was found that the F-SVR model was best with the trend of improving accuracy when the timescale of the SPEIs increased. It was also found that differences in model performance deteriorates with increased timescale of the SPEIs. The outlier reducing effect from the fuzzy concept has better improvement for the SVR-based models compared to the boosting technique in predicting SPEI-1, SPEI-3 and SPEI-6 for a one-month lead time at the downstream of Langat River Basin.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Saliencia lakes (Somiedo Natural Park, NW Spain): trophic state and relationship with anthropogenic pressures
Authors: Sánchez-España Javier , Vegas Juana , Morellon Mario , Mata M. Pilar , Rodríguez García Juan A.
Published: June 2019

The high-mountain lakes of Saliencia (El Valle, La Cueva, Calabazosa and Cerveriz), in the Somiedo Natural Park (Asturias, NW Spain), have been subject to different anthropogenic pressures, including metal mining, cattle grazing, damming activities and water channelling work for hydroelectric exploitation. This paper reports the results of a recent geochemical and limnological study conducted in these lakes, for which no previous study existed in the literature. Based on depth profiles of temperature, conductivity, pH and ORP, as well as dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, organic carbon, nutrient and metal  concentration, we discuss the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. In the sampling period (July to September, 2014-2016), most of the lakes showed a marked stratification with vertical gradients as a result of different physical and (bio)geochemical processes. All the lakes showed a good  environmental state with no apparent metal pollution. However, this set of mountain lakes is not homogeneous with regard to nutrient availability, primary productivity, or hypolimnetic oxygen deficit and a range of trophic conditions exist from oligotrophic (El Valle) to eutrophic (Calabazosa). This trend shows a good correlation with total phosphorus concentration (e.g., 10 µg/L P in El Valle vs. 35 µg/L P in Calabazosa), though erosive processes in the catchment may also have contributed to increase the oxygen consumption rate through an import of allochthonous organic matter. Higher nitrate contents seem to characterize the areas with higher grazing pressure (e.g., El Valle), though the obtained data do not allow us to establish any evident relationship between cattle activity and eutrophication.
Mobilização social e princípios de envelhecimento ativo como estratégias de redução de vulnerabilidades das pessoas idosas
Authors: Magalhães Costa Silvia Maria , Dos Santos Nilton Bahlis
Published: June 2019

Social mobilization and principles of active aging as strategies for vulnerability reduction in elderly individuals
Avaliação cognitiva, socioeconômica e demográfica de idosos cadastrados na estratégia saúde da família da cidade de Mossoró
Authors: Dos Santos Júnior Edson Batista , Rosendo da Silva Richardson Augusto
Published: June 2019

Cognitive, socioeconomic and demographic evaluation applied to elderly assisted by the family health strategy in Mossoró City, Brazil
Percepção de adolescentes sobre educação em saúde bucal no âmbito escolar
Authors: Dos Santos Pacheco Karina Tonini , Del Piero Lorrany de Barros , Pacheco Filho Antonio Carlos , Saliba Garbin Cléa Adas , Baroni Carvalho Raquel , Dias Sarti Thiago
Published: June 2019

Perception of adolescents about oral health education in school environments
Perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de oftalmologia em Vila Velha/ES
Authors: Barbosa Hudson Jose Cacau , Ferreira Dantas Mageste , Azevedo Junior Romildo Rocha , Murad Szpilman Ana Rosa
Published: June 2019

Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients assisted in an ophthalmologic ambulatory in Vila Velha/ES, Brazil
Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides em combinação em dose fixa: vantagens e desvantagens
Authors: Canuto Gurgel Eva Maiane , Cunha Lima Sara Iasmim Vieira , Dos Santos Diniz Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory in fixed-dose combination: advantages and disadvantages
Perfil sociodemográfico da AIDS no Espírito Santo no período de 2006 a 2015
Authors: Bergamini Karoline Brumatti , Faria de Souza Rayane Cristina
Published: June 2019

Sociodemographic profile of AIDS patients in Espírito Santo state, Brazil, from 2006 to 2015
Construção de modelo lógico normativo para avaliação do Programa Saúde na Escola
Authors: De Medeiros Eliabe Rodrigues , Galvão Pinto Erika Simone , De Souza Nilba Lima , Batista dos Santos Paula Fernanda Brandão , Da Silva Gama Zenewton André
Published: June 2019

Construction of a normative logic model to evaluate the Health at School Program
Potencialidades do processo de trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde
Authors: Couto Domingues Caroline , Wandekoken Kallen Dettmann , Dalbello-Araujo Maristela
Published: June 2019

Potentialities of the work process conducted by the community health agent
VSPrep: A KNIME Workflow for the Preparation of Molecular Databases for Virtual Screening
Authors: Gally José-Manuel , Bourg Stéphane , Fogha Jade , Do Quoc-Tuan , Aci-Sèche Samia , Bonnet Pascal
Published: June 2019

Drug discovery is a challenging and expensive field. Hence, novel in silico tools have been
developed in early discovery stage to identify and prioritize novel molecules with suitable physicochemical
properties. In many in silico drug design projects, molecular databases are screened by virtual screening
tools to search for potential bioactive molecules. The preparation of the molecules is therefore a key
step in the success of well-established techniques such as docking, similarity or pharmacophore searching.
We review here the lists of several toolkits used in different steps during the cleaning of molecular
databases, integrated within a KNIME workflow. During the first step of the automatic workflow, salts
are removed, and mixtures are split to get one compound per entry. Then compounds with unwanted
features are filtered. Duplicated entries are then deleted while considering stereochemistry. As a compromise
between exhaustiveness and computational time, most distributed tautomers at physiological pH
are computed. Additionally, various flags are applied to molecules by using either classical molecular
descriptors, similarity search to known libraries or substructure search rules. Moreover, stereoisomers are
enumerated depending on the unassigned chiral centers. Then, three-dimensional coordinates, and optionally
conformers, are generated. This workflow has been already applied to several drug design projects
and can be used for molecular database preparation upon request.
Trienamines for the Organocatalytic Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Cano Jessica R. Gutiérrez , López Julio , Vázquez Miguel A. , Cruz David Cruz , Gómez Clarisa Villegas
Published: June 2019

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles (NCH), constitute an important group of molecules, which are widely extended in whole chemical space. These compounds are of great interest due to their diverse biological activities. Currently, many compounds derived from NCH are used as powerful drugs for the treatment of diseases ranging from bactericides to anticancer agents. During last decade, the enantioselective synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds has been achieved through the use of chiral organocatalysts. The present contribution explores the application of the aminocatalysis towards the synthesis of NCH, particularly through the trienamine catalysis.
Antioxidant Properties of Solenostemma argel Effervescent Tablets
Authors: Suliman Rasha S. , Ali Heyam S. , Alhelal Khulud , Almutairi Wejdan , Alnasser Shahd , Omer Mustafa , Suliman Rania , Algebali Asmaa
Published: June 2019

Objective:

In the present study, Solenostemma argel effervescent tablets were prepared from
Argel methanolic extract.

Methods:

The tablets were examined for their ability to impede carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced
lipid peroxidation in mice liver. The antioxidant activities of the enzymes; super-oxide dismutase
(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GS-PX) along with malondialdehyde level were tested in liver tissues.

Results:

The obtained results indicated that the antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably reduced
while the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), which shows lipid peroxidation, and the activity of alanine
aminotransferase (a liver function test) were remarkably intensified following intra-peritoneal i.p
injection with the single sub-lethal hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 compared to the control. A necrotic lesion
in the liver of mice injected with CCl4 was observed by the histopathological examination. The damaging
influence of CCl4 was improved by the retreatment with Argel or BHT, which could also be observed
in the normal appearance of the liver tissue.

Conclusion:

In this study, it was concluded that S. Argel and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) could
be effective by decreasing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
Therefore, Argel might be applied as a hepatoprotective agent without any side effects.
Roles of E6 and E7 Human Papillomavirus Proteins in Molecular Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Taghizadeh Eskandar , Jahangiri Sepideh , Rostami Daryoush , Taheri Forough , Renani Pedram Ghorbani , Taghizadeh Hassan , Gheibi Hayat Seyed Mohammad
Published: June 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV) cancers are expected to be major global health concerns in the upcoming decades. The growth of HPV-positive cancer cells depends on the consistent expression of oncoprotein which has been poorly taken into account in the cellular communication. Among them, E6/E7 oncoproteins are attractive therapeutic targets as their inhibition rapidly leads to the onset of aging in HPV-positive cancer cells. This cellular response is associated with the regeneration of p53, pRb anti-proliferative proteins as well as the mTOR signaling pathway; hence, the identification of involved and application of E6/E7 inhibitors can lead to new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we focused on the pathogenicity of E6/E7 Proteins of human papillomavirus and their roles associated with the cervical cancer.
The Roles of Flavonols/Flavonoids in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Calis Zehra , Mogulkoc Rasim , Baltaci Abdülkerim Kasim
Published: June 2019

The inflammatory process in the human body is a physiological response involving many
cellular types and mediators. It results in scar formation to separate the damaged area from the surrounding
healthy tissue. Because of increased blood-brain barrier permeability following inflammation,
leukocytes infiltrate the CNS and are also supplemented by proinflammatory mediators. However,
an acute inflammatory process after cerebral trauma or stroke may also result in a prolonged lesion
formation, leading to a severe neuronal loss. The prolonged inflammatory process in the CNS may
cause serious damage to the neuronal system. It may lead to CNS damage in such a way that endangers
functional integration and proinflammatory system balance. Effects of different flavonoid species on
ischemia-reperfusion injury and cognition and function have also been shown in experimental studies.
Flavonoids are presented broadly in plants and diets. They are believed to have various bioactive effects
including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging,
etc. Quercetine is the predominant dietary flavonoid. Main sources are tea, onion, and apple. It is
demonstrated that the frequently consumed food like soybean, peanut, mustard, rice, sesame, olive, potatoes,
onion, and oats contain flavonoids. Catechin and its derivates which are isolated from tea leaves
have antioxidant activity but in low doses, their prooxidant effects are also reported. Ipriflavone which
is a synthetic flavonoid may increase total calcium in bone. In this review, the effects of flavonoids
species on the inflammatory process in the neurodegenerative process were examined as general.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Olmesartan Medoxomil Microcrystals and Nanocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Comparison in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Chai Rong , Gao Hailing , Ma Zhihui , Guo Meng , Fu Qiang , Liu Hongzhuo , He Zhonggui
Published: June 2019

Background:

Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is a promising prodrug hydrolyzed to olmesartan
(OL) during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. OL is a selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist,
with high drug resistance and low drug interaction. However, OLM has low solubility and low
bioavailability. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to reduce the drug particle size to improve its biological
bioavailability.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble olmesartan
medoxomil (OLM) by using different particle size-reduction strategies.

Method:

Raw drug material was micronized or nanosized by either jet or wet milling processes, respectively.
The particle sizes of the prepared nanocrystals (100-300 nm) and microcrystals (0.5-16 μm) were
characterized by DLS, SEM, and TEM techniques. Solid state characterization by XPRD and DSC was
used to confirm the crystalline state of OLM after the milling processes.

Results:

We demonstrated that OLM nanocrystals enhanced solubility and dissolution in the non-sink
condition in which high sensitivity was found in purified water. After 1 h, 65.4% of OLM was dissolved
from nanocrystals, while microcrystals and OLMETEC® only showed 37.8% and 31.9% of drug dissolution,
respectively. In the pharmacokinetic study using Beagle dogs, an increase in Cmax (～2 fold) and
AUC (～1.6 fold) was observed after oral administration of OLM nanocrystals when compared to microcrystals
and reference tablets, OLMETEC®. In contrast, OLM microcrystals failed to improve the
oral bioavailability of the drugs.

Conclusion:

Particles size reduction to nano-scale by means of nanocrystals technology significantly
increased in vitro dissolution rate and in vivo oral bioavailability of OLM.
N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate Embolization of a Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Goudarzi Mahmoud , Salehi Mohammad G.
Published: June 2019

N-Butyl cyanoacrylate embolization of peripheral pulmonary artery aneurysms has
rarely been performed. This report presents a young woman with a history of patent ductus
arteriosus and massive hemoptysis secondary to pulmonary artery aneurysm, successfully managed
by embolotherapy using n-Butyl cyanoacrylate. This is the first report of n-Butyl cyanoacrylate
embolization treatment of a bleeding pulmonary artery aneurysm in the setting of patent ductus
arteriosus. The pertinent literature has been reviewed and the clinical background and the procedure
have been explained.
Identification of Novel Functionalized Carbohydrazonamides Designed as Chagas Disease Drug Candidates
Authors: do Nascimento Mayara S.S. , Câmara Vitória R.F. , da Costa Juliana S. , Barbosa Juliana M.C. , Lins Alessandra S.M. , Salomão Kelly , de Castro Solange L. , Carvalho Samir A. , da Silva Edson F. , Fraga Carlos A.M.
Published: June 2019

Background::

Although several research efforts have been made worldwide to discover
novel drug candidates for the treatment of Chagas disease, the nitroimidazole drug benznidazol
remains the only therapeutic alternative in the control of this disease. However, this drug presents
reduced efficacy in the chronic form of the disease and limited safety after long periods of administration,
making it necessary to search for new, more potent and safe prototypes.

Objective::

We described herein the synthesis and the trypanocidalaction of new functionalized
carbohydrazonamides (2-10) against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Methods:

These compounds were designed through the application of molecular hybridization
concept between two potent anti-T. cruzi prototypes, the nitroimidazole derivative megazol (1) and
the cinnamyl N-acylhydrazone derivative (14) which have been shown to be twice as potent
in vitro as benznidazole.

Results::

The most active compounds were the (Z)-N'-((E)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-acryloyl)-1-methyl-5-
nitro-1H-imidazol-2-carbohydrazonamide (6) (IC50=9.50 μM) and the (Z)-N'-((E)-3-(4-
hydroxyphe-nyl)-acryloyl)-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-carbohydrazonamide (8) (IC50=12.85
μM), which were almost equipotent to benznidazole (IC50=10.26 μM) used as standard drug. The
removal of the amine group attached to the imine subunit in the corresponding N-acylhydrazone
derivatives (11-13) resulted in less potent or inactive compounds. The para-hydroxyphenyl derivative
(8) presented also a good selectivity index (SI = 32.94) when tested against mammalian cells
from Swiss mice.

Conclusion::

The promising trypanocidal profile of new carbohydrazonamide derivatives (6) and
(8) was characterized. These compounds have proved to be a good starting point for the design of
more effective trypanocidal drug candidates.
In silico Analysis of Sulpiride, Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Studies of its Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Kecel-Gunduz Serda , Budama-Kilinc Yasemin , Cakir-Koc Rabia , Zorlu Tolga , Bicak Bilge , Kokcu Yagmur , Kaya Zeynep , Ozel Aysen E. , Akyuz Sevim
Published: June 2019

Background:

Sulpiride, which has selective dopaminergic blocking activity, is a substituted
benzamide antipsychotic drug playing a prominent role in the treatment of schizophrenia,
which more selective and primarily blocks dopamine D2 and D3 receptor.

Objective:

This study has two main objectives, firstly; the molecular modeling studies (MD and
Docking, ADME) were conducted to define the molecular profile of sulpiride and sulpiridereceptor
interactions, another to synthesize polymeric nanoparticles with chitosan, having the advantage
of slow/controlled drug release, to improve drug solubility and stability, to enhance utility
and reduce toxicity.

Method:

Molecular dynamic simulation was carried out to determine the conformational change
and stability (in water) of the drug and the binding profile of D3 dopamine receptor was determined
by molecular docking calculations. The pharmacological properties of the drug were revealed by
ADME analysis. The ionic gelation method was used to prepare sulpiride loaded chitosan nanoparticles
(CS NPs). The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-vis absorption (UV), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques were carried out to
characterize the nanoparticles. In vitro cell cytotoxicity experiments examined with MTT assay on
mouse fibroblast (L929), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and glioblastoma cells (U-87). The statistical
evaluations were produced by ANOVA.

Results:

The residues (ASP-119, PHE-417) of D3 receptor provided a stable docking with the drug,
and the important pharmacological values (blood brain barrier, Caco-2 permeability and human oral
absorption) were also determined. The average particle size, PdI and zeta potential value of sulpiride-
loaded chitosan NPs having a spherical morphology were calculated as 96.93 nm, 0.202 and
+7.91 mV. The NPs with 92.8% encapsulation and 28% loading efficiency were found as a slow
release profile with 38.49% at the end of the 10th day. Due to the formation of encapsulation, the
prominent shifted wave numbers for C-O, S-O, S-N stretching, S-N-H bending of Sulpiride were
also identified. Mitochondrial activity of U87, SHSY-5Y and L929 cell line were assayed and evaluated
using the SPSS program.

Conclusion:

To provide more efficient use of Sulpiride having a low bioavailability of the gastrointestinal
tract, the nanoparticle formulation with high solubility and bioavailability was designed and
synthesized for the first time in this study for the treatment of schizophrenia. In addition to all
pharmacological properties of drug, the dopamine blocking activity was also revealed. The toxic
effect on different cell lines have also been interpreted.
Assessment of Structural Compatibility of Saxagliptin in Physical Mixtures with some excipient by Using HPLC
Authors: Gurav Sachin B. , Bhatia Neela M.
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Saxagliptin hydrochloride is an oral hypoglycemic agent used for the treatment
of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saxagliptin is unstable because it undergoes an intra-molecular cyclisation
reaction to form a cyclicamidine in both solution and solid states. In pharmaceutical development of
saxagliptin it is important to select the excipients which are compatible and help to minimize the formation
of cyclicamidine. In excipient compatibility study for saxagliptin it is essential to identify the
formation of cyclicamidine and other related substances.

Materials and Methods:

In the current work, the method for quantification of saxagliptin, cyclicamidine
and its related substances by high performance liquid chromatographic was developed and validated.
This method was used as screening technique for assessing the compatibility of saxagliptin with
some pharmaceutical excipients. These were evaluated by analyzing the pure saxagliptin and saxagliptin-
excipient in physical mixture, which were stored under different conditions at 40°C/75% Relative
Humidity (RH) for one month. The method was successfully validated as per ICH guidelines.

Results and Conclusion:

The results of compatibility study demonstrate the suitability of saxagliptin
with Methocel, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Opadry Red, Opadry pink, Opadry white, and Opadry Pink.
Effects of Chrysin on Serum Corticosterone Levels and Brain Oxidative Damages Induced by Immobilization in Rat
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Jalali Sediqeh , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Samarghandian Saeed , Samini Fariborz
Published: June 2019

Background:

Chrysin (CH) is one of the main flavonoids of vegetables, fruits, and
plants, the neuroprotective effect of which has been demonstrated in this study.

Objective:

The aim of the current investigation is the evaluation of the impact of chrysin (CH) on
serum corticosterone level. Additionally, depression due to chronic stress was studied in animal
models.

Methods:

The rats were restrained for 1 hour daily for 3 weeks. During these weeks, all animals
were daily injected with either vehicle or CH (10, 20, 30 µg/kg).

Results:

Present data indicated that the serum corticosterone levels markedly elevated in the
stressed group versus the non-stressed group (p<0.001). The serum corticosterone levels were
significantly lower in the stress-exposed rats administered with CH versus the stress-exposed non-
CH-treated rats (p<0.05). In addition, immobility time significantly increased in the rats submitted
to restraint stress versus the non-stressed group (p<0.001). Also, the number of crossing
significantly decreased in the rats submitted to restraint stress versus non-stressed rats (p<0.001).
The immobility time and the number of crossing were also reduced in the CH-administrated
stressed rats (30 mg/kg) versus non-treated stressed group (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). CH also
ameliorated the MDA and GSH content as well as antioxidant enzymes activities in stressed rats
(p<0.05).

Conclusion:

The present study suggested that CH might be useful for the management of
depressant-like effects induced by chronic stress via decreasing oxidative damage in the brain.
Proteomics Screening of Differentially Expressed Cytokines in Tears of Patients with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Song Rong-Hua , Wang Bin , Yao Qiu-Ming , Li Qian , Jia Xi , Zhang Jin-An
Published: June 2019

Background:

The current study aimed at exploring the cytokine profile in the tears of patients
with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods:

Tears were sampled from the eyes of 7 patients with active GO and 7 healthy volunteers
using filter paper. Then the levels of up to 34 cytokines in the tears of each subject were detected using
high-throughput protein microarray technology in line with the introduction.

Results:

The results of cytokine protein microarray screening showed that 10 proteins, namely, CD40,
CD40 Ligand, GITR, IL-12p70, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-21, IL-6, MIP-3 alpha and TRANCE, were overexpressed
(with fold change >1.20) and 3 proteins, namely, GM-CSF, IL-1 sRI and IL-13 were downregulated
(with fold change < 0.83) in GO patients. In addition, the protein levels of CD40 and CD40
ligand (CD40L) were significantly different between GO patients and healthy controls (P=0.028 and
0.011, respectively). Further Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
analyses of differently expressed proteins showed that these proteins were involved in biological functions
including biological processes (positive regulation of cytokine production, JAK-STAT cascade
and leukocyte proliferation), molecular functions (cytokine and growth factor receptors binding and
cytokine activity), and other important pathways (cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT
signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation,
and intestinal immune network for IgA production), all of which might be involved in the pathology of
GO.

Conclusion:

Our cytokine protein microarray analysis indicated that several proteins were differentially
expressed in GO patients, which provides potential targets for GO prevention.
A Historical Review of Persian Medicine Studies into Saliva Manifestations for Potential Applications for Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hakimi Fatemeh , Choopani Rasool , Asghari Majid , Namdar Hasan , Parsa Elham , Jafari Parisa , Movahhed Mina
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective:

Regarding the development of diagnostic tests based on saliva
and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the aim of this study is to review Persian Medicine
manuscripts in the field of saliva manifestations, its relation to metabolic syndrome, and treatment
recommendations.

Method:

This study is a mini-review. We investigated the canon of medicine and some important
Persian medical or pharmaceutical manuscripts from the 9th to the 19th centuries. PubMed and Google
Scholar databases were explored for finding relevant information about the relationship between saliva
and metabolic syndrome and its treatment.

Result:

Studies have suggested that maldigestion is one of the important causes of MetS. Sialorrhea
may be an early symptom of maldigestion. Attention to sialorrhea and its treatment may be useful in
the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome based on PM sources. In PM, sialorrhea is treated
with 3 major approaches: lifestyle modification along with simple or compound medicines.

Conclusion:

Saliva manifestations could be considered as early symptoms of metabolic syndrome. As
mentioned in WHO strategies, traditional medicine can be used along with modern medicine due to its
effectiveness in the management of various ailments.
Power Management for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Automated Mechanical Transmission using Multiple Dimensional Scaling Method
Authors: Wang Zhenyou , Sun Qun , Guo Hongqiang , Zhao Ying
Published: June 2019

Background:

The study of kerosene fuel for gasoline engines is of great significance to
the supply, management, storage and transportation of military fuel, as well as its safety. Small aviation
two-stroke kerosene engine fuel injection controller is the key technology of kerosene engines. It
is very important to improve the performance of kerosene engine by controlling the air-fuel ratio
accurately.

Objective:

The initial injection pulse spectrum was firstly obtained by numerical calculation in the
absence of kerosene injection pulse spectrum, and then the injection controller was designed based
on the initial injection pulse spectrum.

Methodology:

Firstly, a numerical model of the whole engine was established by using BOOST
software. The air mass flow data of the inlet was obtained through numerical calculation. The
amount of initial engine fuel injection was calculated according to the requirements of air-fuel ratios
in each working condition, from which an initial injection pulse spectrum was obtained. Then, based
on Free scale 16-bit embedded micro-controller MC9S12DP512, a kerosene engine fuel injection
controller was developed, together with the circuit was also designed. According to the initial fuel
injection pulse spectrum, a two-dimensional interpolation algorithm was developed by using assembly
language and C language mixed programming, and the anti-electromagnetic interference ability
of the controller was further enhanced. Finally, the accuracy of the initial injection pulse spectrum
and the performance and reliability of the injection controller of the kerosene engine were verified by
the kerosene engine bench test.

Conclusion:

The experimental results show that the numerical model was accurate, and the development
time of the injection controller was shortened by using the numerical model to calculate the
initial injection pulse spectra. The developed controller was stable and reliable, which can meet the
control requirement.
Improvement of Anti-Tumor DNA Vaccination by Co-Immunization at a Distant Site with a Plasmid Encoding the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Ni Jing , Schirrmacher Volker , Fournier Philippe
Published: June 2019

DNA vaccine encoding tumor associated antigens (TAAs) is an attractive strategy for tumor vaccine development. But its efficacy to induce efficient anti-tumor immunity needs to be improved. In this study, we combined immunization with such a plasmid at the ear pinna site (i.e.) with co-immunization with another plasmid (pHN) encoding the Hemaglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) protein of the NDV virus at a subcutaneous site. We first tested a prophylactic immunization protocol followed by subcutaneous challenge with the ESb-lacZ lymphoma expressing the 􀀂-galactosidase protein as a surrogate tumor antigen. While i.e. vaccination with the placZ plasmid reduced tumor growth, the additional s.c. immunization with the pHN plasmid further improved this effect. We next tested a therapeutic tumor model based on the mammary carcinoma DA3-hEpCAM expressing the human EpCAM molecule. Efficient reduction of tumor growth was achieved by immunization of tumor-bearing mice with DNA plasmids encoding the human EpCAM gene only when it
was combined with s.c. application of the pHN plasmid. A significantly better cross-protection against a second challenge with the parental DA3 tumor cells was only observed when mice were initially co-immunized with both plasmids.

These results demonstrate that co-immunization of a plasmid encoding the HN protein of NDV and a DNA vaccine encoding a tumor antigen significantly reduced tumor growth in mouse tumor models employing both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies. These observations point towards the HN protein of NDV as a powerful molecular adjuvant for DNA vaccines.
An Overview of the Design, Development and Applications of Biodegradable Stents
Authors: Nakka Keerthana , Nagarajan Sri D. , Sundaravadivel Balamayilsamy , Shankaravel Subramanian , Vimalson Christopher
Published: June 2019

Background & Objectives:

Stents have been effectively used in the treatment of vascular
diseases and further explorations are going on in treating various strictures including tracheal, intestinal,
nasal, urethra and esophageal. Stents serve as a support to walls of the lumen to prevent restenosis.
Metal stents prevent in-stent restenosis but the corrosion of the metallic framework causes further complications.
To overcome the shortcomings of metallic stents, metallic Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) have
been designed where the drugs are chosen as an anti-restenosis agent in such a way that it prevents
thrombosis, neointimal proliferation and possess immunosuppressive properties. Biodegradable stents
are becoming ideal, provided they effectively spot the target stricture and have long-term stability to
support the walls of the body conduit which in turn aids in eliminating the need for a second surgery.
Polymeric materials can be used to enhance the mechanical strength and prolong the degradation time
of biodegradable DES, thereby making it an ideal choice for stenting.

Discussion:

This review focus on the progress made in the design, manufacture, characterization studies
and applications of stents over the past decade.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the use of stents is now an emerging technique for the treatment of GI
strictures caused due to colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, Crohn’s disease etc.
Though BDS have several advantages, advanced techniques are needed for fabrication and suitable
modification in the design of the scaffold to enhance its clinical efficacy and to thereby develop an ideal
endoprosthetic device.
Impact of Curcumin on Traumatic Brain Injury and Involved Molecular Signaling Pathways
Authors: Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed , Roshanravan Babak , Peivasteh-roudsari Leila
Published: June 2019

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity
worldwide with no suitable treatment. The present study was designed to review the present literature
about the protective effects of curcumin and the underlying mechanism against TBI. All published
English language papers from beginning to 2019 were selected in this study. The findings
indicate that curcumin may be effective against TBI outcomes by modulating the molecular signaling
pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, more
experimental studies should be done to identify all mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of
TBI. Patents for Curcumin and chronic inflammation and traumatic brain injury management
(WO2017097805A1 and US9101580B2) were published. In conclusion, the present study confirmed
the potential therapeutic impact of curcumin for treating TBI.
Prediction of Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jain Somil , Kumar Puneet
Published: June 2019

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the diseases which cause number of deaths ever
year across the globe, early detection and diagnosis of such type of disease is a challenging task in
order to reduce the number of deaths. Now a days various techniques of machine learning and data
mining are used for medical diagnosis which has proven there metal by which prediction can be
done for the chronic diseases like cancer which can save the life’s of the patients suffering from
such type of disease. The major concern of this study is to find the prediction accuracy of the classification
algorithms like Support Vector Machine, J48, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest and to
suggest the best algorithm.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to assess the prediction accuracy of the classification algorithms
in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.

Methods:

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the classification algorithms like Support Vector
Machine, J48, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest in terms of their prediction accuracy by applying
10 fold cross validation technique on the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset using
WEKA open source tool.

Results:

The result of this study states that Support Vector Machine has achieved the highest prediction
accuracy of 97.89 % with low error rate of 0.14%.

Conclusion:

This paper provides a clear view over the performance of the classification algorithms
in terms of their predicting ability which provides a helping hand to the medical practitioners
to diagnose the chronic disease like breast cancer effectively.
Email Fraud Attack Detection Using Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Yaseen Yousef A. , Qasaimeh Malik , Al-Qassas Raad S. , Al-Fayoumi Mustafa
Published: June 2019

Background:

E-mail is an efficient way to communicate. It is one of the most commonly used communication methods, and it can be used for achieving legitimate and illegitimate activities. Many features that can be effective in detecting email fraud attacks, are still under investigation.

Method:

This paper proposes an improved classification accuracy for fraudulent emails that is implemented through feature extraction and hybrid Machine Learning (ML) classifier that combines Adaboost and Majority Voting. Eleven ML classifiers are evaluated experimentally within the hybrid classifier, and the performance of the email fraud filtering is evaluated by using WEKA and R tool on a data set of 9298 email messages.

Results:

The performance evaluation shows that the hybrid model of Voting using Adaboost outperforms all other classifiers, with the lowest Error Rate of 0.6991%, highest f1-measure of 99.30%, and highest Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 99.9%.

Conclusion:

The utilized proposed email features with the combination of Adaboost and Voting algorithms prove the efficiency of fraud email detection.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ІМУНОТРОПНОГО ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНИЙ ПАРОДОНТИТ ІЗ СУПУТНЬОЮ ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ, ЗАСТОСОВУЮЧИ ПРЕПАРАТИ РОСЛИННОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Стасюк Н. О.
Published: June 2019

Резюме. Проведений аналіз літературних джерел вказує на те, що проблема взаємозв’язку «пародонтит-ІХС» розглядається неповно та часто односторонньо.

Обстеження хворих на стабільну ІХС із використанням коронароангіографії показало тісний зв'язок із високими середніми значеннями індексів ураження пародонта (ясенна рецесія, кровоточивість при зондуванні, величина кишень), що дозволило авторам зробити висновок про тісний зв'язок обох недуг.

Досить часто є проблематичним досягнення довготривалої, якісної ремісії захворювання: повного усунення клінічних ознак запалення в пародонті та тривалої стабілізації кісткової резорбції. Тому традиційний підхід до загального лікування ГП вимагає оптимізації. З огляду на вищесказане, метою нашої роботи було підвищити ефективність лікування ГП у хворих на ІХС шляхом застосування комплексної імунотропної терапії.

Для досягнення поставленої мети були сформульовані цілі: вивчити вплив запропонованої імунотропної терапії ГП у хворих з ІХС на показники пародонтального статусу. Із метою виконання цілей було проведено методи обстеження: визначення індексів запалення в породонті РМА, кровоточивості РВІ, гігієни ІГ, глибини пародонтальних кишень (ПК), пародонтальний за Рамфьордом PDI.

Запропонована схема лікування включала традиційний підхід та додатково прийом всередину препарату «Імуно-тон», а також інстиляції в пародонтальні кишені екстемпорального гелю на основі фітоконцентрату «Джерело» та «Ентеросгелю».

Отримані результати вказують на те, що застосування запропонованої методики лікування виявляє достовірно вірогідно більш значущий вплив на перебіг ГП та покращення стану тканин пародонта, у порівнянні із традиційним підходом.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ХРОНОРИТМІВ У РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ОРГАНІЗМУ ЛЮДИНИ: ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
Authors: Семененко С. Б. , Тимофійчук І. Р. , Борейко Л. Д. , Юрків О. І. , Слободян К. В.
Published: June 2019

Резюме. Згідно з даними літературних джерел, біологічні ритми людини – це певні частоти, від швидкості і сповільнення яких залежить функціонування органів і систем організму людини, її психологічний стан. У здорових людей ритми фізіологічних процесів синхронізовані як між собою, так і з ритмами навколишнього середовища, а синхронізація біоритмів, збереження їх фазових спiввідношень забезпечують оптимальнi умови функцiонування органiзму i є ознакою здоров’я.

Роль епіфізу і епіфізарного гормону мелатоніну в добовій і сезонній ритміці, режимі сну-активності на сьогоднішній день є беззаперечною. У тварин і людини секреція мелатоніну епіфізом співпадає зі звичайними годинами сну. Існує гіпотеза, що мелатонін відіграє важливу роль у відкритті так званих воріт сну та в гальмуванні режимів активності. Секреція мелатоніну підпорядкована циркадіанному ритму. Концентрація гормону в крові максимальна в темний час доби, мінімальна – у світлий. Синтез і активність гормону збільшується після заходу сонця, а пік концентрації відзначається близько 3-ї години ночі.

Мета цього дослідження полягає у вивченні хроноритмів регуляції фізіологічних функцій організму людини та аналізі впливу десинхронозу.

Матеріали і методи. Аналіз вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури, де висвітлюються фізіологічне значення хроноритмів та проблеми десинхронозу.

Обговорення результатів. Аналіз змін хроноритмів та їх неузгодженість допомагає визначати нові підходи для діагностики, профілактики та вдосконалення часових схем терапевтичних заходів при захворюваннях різних форм перебігу.

Висновки. Отримані дані вказують на вплив процесів десинхронозу на органи і системи організму та пояснюють роль механізмів адаптації організму до навколишнього середовища.
O animal cordial: uma rasura da razão
Authors: Marra Fernanda
Published: June 2019

Este artigo propõe uma leitura do filme longa metragem O animal cordial (2018), da roteirista e diretora Gabriela Amaral Almeida. A ideia foi percorrer o enredo contemplando as personagens e descrevendo como a roteirista e diretora brasileira colocou em cheque a validez e a pertinência da noção de “homem cordial”, descrita por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (1995) em sua obra sociológica Raízes do Brasil. A proposta é observar (1) como esse significante persiste na contemporaneidade a despeito de seus envios anacrônicos e (2) de que forma o filme é, para além de uma leitura de homenagem ou denúncia desse anacronismo, uma possibilidade de reescrita do conceito pela sua rasura. Almeida filma uma noite em um restaurante brasileiro frequentado por pessoas pertencentes a uma classe social média-alta, ou economicamente ascendente. Nessa noite, o que se assiste é ao processo de ruína do “homem” que dá lugar ao “animal” e promove, com isso, uma sobrescrita não apenas do homem como do humano. É essa reescrita violenta e manchada de sangue o que me interessa no filme. É isso o que apresento neste texto amparada pelo pensamento de Hélène Cixous (1995), Alexandre Nodari (2017) e Achille Mbembe (2018), pois, a meu ver, é esse processo que o longa brasileiro expõe tão linda e visceralmente encetando devires.