bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DILEMATIKA DISKRESI KEUANGAN, KEBIJAKAN YANG DIANGGAP TABU
Authors: Cahyadini Amelia , Pinky Jullianti Chyntia
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

Diskresi merupakan hal yang umum dalam penyelenggaraan negara, terkecuali yang berkaitan dengan keuangan negara. Diskresi keuangan sangat dibatasi pelaksanaannya di Indonesia dan bahkan dikhawatirkan rentan terjadi korupsi menjadi kondisi yang mengintai pejabat administrasi negara. Dalam praktiknya, diskresi keuangan justru dimaksudkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan, stagnasi, serta menyiasati agar suatu program berjalan atau agar tujuan yang diinginkan cepat tercapai dengan memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat umum. Sehingga, ada beberapa hal terkait diskresi keuangan yang menjadi pertanyaan, pertama, bagaimana kedudukan diskresi keuangan sebagai salah satu bentuk kebijakan publik dalam pandangan normatif? Kedua, bagaimana batasan-batasan diskresi keuangan yang seharusnya diterapkan agar tercapai tujuan dari kebijakan publik yang dirumuskan? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian normatif dengan hasil dari penelitian mengedepankan prinsip money follow program berdasarkan ketentuan-ketentuan diskresi sebagai berikut: dilakukan oleh pejabat struktural merangkap politik, tidak dapat dilakukan terhadap program rutin, dapat dipertanggungjawabkan terhadap APBN dan APBD secara wajar, dan tidak boleh melebihi 0.1% dari total keseluruhan anggaran tahunan kementerian/lembaga/daerah.Kata kunci: diskresi keuangan; money follow program; penyelenggaraan negara.

ABSTRACT

Discretion is common in administration of state, with the exception matters relating to financial state. Financial discretion is severely restricted in Indonesia and there are close to corruption lurks state administration officials. In practice, financial discretion is precisely intended to solve problems, stagnate, and find shortcuts so that a program can work or get around something so that the desired goals are quickly achieved by paying attention to the interests of the general public. So, there are several things related to financial discretion which are questions, first, how is the position of financial discretion as a form of public policy in the normative view? Second, how are the limits of financial discretion that should be applied in order to achieve the objectives of the formulated public policy? The research method used is a normative research method with the results of the research prioritizing the principle of money follow programs based on the provisions of discretion as follows: carried out by structural and concurrent political officials, cannot be carried out in routine programs, accounted for the APBN and APBD fairly, and may not be exceeds 0.1% of the total annual ministry/agency/ regional annual budget.Keywords: financial discretion; money follow program; administration of state.
JUAL BELI RUMAH DINAS PT. PLN (PERSERO) DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN ASAS KEPASTIAN HUKUM
Authors: Prasetyo Henggar , Kartikasari R , Pujiwati Yani
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKPenghuni sebagai pembeli perlu memperoleh kepastian atas penyerahan hak milik rumah dinas sebagai kewajiban PT PLN (Persero) berdasarkan perjanjian sewa beli. Hal tersebut karena telah disepakati dalam perjanjian sewa beli dan telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan bahwa hak milik rumah dinas wajib diserahkan setelah harga dibayar oleh penghuni kepada PT PLN (Persero. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut, maka dapat diidentifikasi permasalahan sebagai berikut: Bagaimana pelaksanaan jual beli rumah dinas milik PT PLN (Persero) dihubungkan dengan asas kepastian hukum? dan Bagaimana perlindungan bagi pembeli atas penyerahan hak milik rumah dinas PT PLN (Persero) dihubungkan dengan asas kepastian hukum? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Data-data dalam penelitian ini berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Di dalam penelitian ini digunakan analisa data dilaksanakan dengan metode normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jual beli rumah dinas dilaksanakan berdasarkan perjanjian yang dibuat berdasarkan perundang-undangan. Pembeli PT PLN (Persero) memiliki jaminan kepastian penyerahan hak milik berdasarkan alas hak yang timbul dengan telah dilaksanakannya pembayaran harga rumah dinas.

Kata kunci: jual beli; kepastian hukum; rumah dinas

ABSTRACTLegal occupants as buyers need to obtain certainty over the transfer of ownership rights to the official residence as an obligation of PT PLN (Persero) based on the lease and purchase agreement. This is because it has been agreed in the lease and purchase agreement and has been regulated in the laws and regulations that the property rights of the official residence must be submitted after the price is paid by the legal occupants to PT PLN (Persero. Based on these things, the following problems can be identified: How the implementation of the sale and purchase of official houses owned by PT PLN (Persero) is connected with the principle of legal certainty? and How is the protection for buyers of the transfer of property rights to the official residence of PT PLN (Persero) related to the principle of legal certainty? This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a normative juridical approach. The data in this study are in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. In this study, data analysis is carried out using a qualitative normative method. The results show that the sale and purchase of official houses are carried out based on agreements made based on legislation. PT PLN (Persero) has a guarantee of certainty of transfer of ownership rights based on rights arising from the payment of official housing prices.

Keywords: legal certainty; sales; official residence
Religiões de matriz africana e afro-brasileira no tempo presente: possibilidades e perspectivas de estudo para o campo da história
Authors: Oliveira Monalisa Pavonne
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, convidamos os historiadores aos estudos das religiões de matriz africana e afro-brasileira, largamente difundidos entre os profissionais das ciências sociais, pensando como possibilidade analítica a história do tempo presente e a história oral. Desse modo, traremos as discussões sobre os estudos realizados na região Norte do Brasil, em particular o estado de Roraima. Por fim, apresentaremos um relato de experiência sobre nossos itinerários investigativos.
A ladainha e a Festa de Todos os Santos na comunidade quilombola de Jurussaca
Authors: Cecim da Silva Jair Francisco
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, que é um recorte da nossa tese de doutoramento, nosso propósito é analisar a ladainha entoada por ocasião da festa de Todos os Santos, principal e tradicional manifestação cultural religiosa realizada na Comunidade Quilombola de Jurussaca, Tracuateua-Pará, ladainha esta que acontece no sábado à noite durante a festa dançante, e marca o ponto alto da festividade. Metodologicamente, apoiar-nos-emos em Bonvini, (2006) e Calvet (2011), que pesquisam, entre outras questões, a tradição oral em comunidades tradicionais. Nossa pesquisa aponta que a ladainha entoada em Jurussaca apresenta uma fidedignidade impressionante ao texto original em latim, apesar de ser transmitida exclusivamente por via oral, mostrando a força da tradição oral em comunidades tradicionais como Jurussaca.
The potential of using the bioluminescent system of Chaetopterus variopedatus to study ferroptosis in living organisms
Authors: Shcheglov AS AS , Tsarkova AS
Published: May 2021

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Novel ferroptosis inducers and suppressors could be instrumental in developing drugs against neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Prior to embarking on a search for ferroptosis inducers/suppressors, this form of cell death must be studied in living cells and laboratory animals. In addition to two cofactors, luciferase (or photoprotein) of the parchment tubeworm Chaetopterus variopedatus requires the presence of iron ions and hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxides to exert its activity. Therefore, the bioluminescence system of the parchment tubeworm can be used to study ferroptosis in living organisms.
English Society in the 19th Century
Authors: Paul Robin
Published: May 2021

Prior to examining an artistic work, it is important to make an examination about the period and society in which the essayist lived just as its people and their method for living, custom and laws so as to comprehend the author's reality view and prepare for a however investigation of his work. At that point in this theme we survey the authentic, social and true to life foundations of the novel under investigation as to look at the ways by which these might have affected the substance and type of the novel .We will manage English society in the nineteenth century concentrating on the public activity, economy and the situation of women in England, additionally, we will audit the essayist's life and works and talk about the hypothesis to be utilized for the examination study which is Feminism. The eighteenth and nineteenth century can be portrayed by the quantities of uprisings which were brought about by a social and political circumstance. These occasions began to decide individuals' emotions, their requirements and needs. Composing style turned out to be progressively enthusiastic and instinctual. It implies that the nineteenth century essayists re-established the Elizabethan's style in writing which was depicted by the ethical shows and love issues. Moreover, their imagination concentrated on the composition guns of medieval occasions. In this research paper, it is all about the English society, how about their social life and the treatment of women. It is from very ancient times that women are not respected and there are many instances for that as well.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN METAKOGNISI DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS PADA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR
Authors:   Program Magister Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Negeri Medan, Rambe Khairatun Nisa , Sinaga Bornok ,   Program Magister Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Negeri Medan, Asmin Asmin ,   Program Magister Pendidikan Matematika, Universitas Negeri Medan
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui: (1) tingkat kemampuan metakognisi dalam pemecahan masalah matematis ditinjau dari gaya belajar siswapada pembelajaran berbasis masalah; (2) proses jawaban metakognisi siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematis ditinjau dari gaya belajarnya pada pembelajaran berbasis masalah;(3) kesulitan metakognisi yang dialami siswa dalam pemecahan masalah matematis ditinjau dari gaya belajarnya pada pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa MTs Negeri 1 Labuhanbatu Selatanyang berjumlah 34 orang. Adapun hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: (1) Terdapat 7 orang (23,52%) siswa dengan gaya belajar pragmatis, siswa dengankemampuan tinggi, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi strategic use, siswa berkemampuan sedang, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi aware use, dan siswa berkemampuan rendah, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi tacit use; Terdapat 13 orang (44,11%) siswa dengan gaya belajar reflektor, siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi berada pada tingkat metakognisi reflective use dan strategic use. Siswa berkemampuan sedang, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi aware use, dan siswa berkemampuan rendah, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi tacit use; Terdapat 10 siswa (32,35%) dengan gaya belajar teoris, siswa dengan kemampuan sedang, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi aware use, dan siswa berkemampuan rendah, berada pada tingkat kemampuan metakognisi tacit use; dan terdapat 4 orang siswa dengan gaya belajar aktivis.(2) Kesulitan siswa dengan gaya belajar pragmatis, siswa mengalami kesulitan pada aspek konsep, prinsip, dan prosedur. Kesulitan siwa dengan gaya belajar reflektor, siswa mengalamipada aspek prinsip, dan prosedur; Kesulitan siswa dengan gaya belajar teoris, siswa mengalami fakta, konsep dan prinsip; dan Kesulitan siswa dengan gaya belajar aktivis, siswa mengalami kesulitan fakta, konsep, dan prosedur.
Technology of continuous professional training of future specialists in navigation and sea vessel management at higher maritime educational institutions
Authors: Danylenko Oleksandr , Кramarenko Viktoriia , Mitin Yuriy , Startsev Oleksii , Slyusarenko Anatoliy , Chervony Oleksandr
Published: May 2021

The article substantiates the technology of continuous professional training of future specialists in navigation and management of sea vessels in higher maritime educational institutions and the results of experimental testing of its effectiveness. Pedagogical conditions that have a cross-cutting impact and should be implemented during all four stages have been also determined. To test the effectiveness of the author's technology, a study was conducted, which involved students who studied at the first (Bachelor's) and second (Master's) levels of higher education in higher maritime educational institutions. Comparison of the results of the state of formation of readiness of future specialists in navigation and management of sea vessels for professional activity in Control and Experimental groups using mathematical statistics methods showed that obtained qualitative and quantitative characteristics have reliable differences in favor of experimental groups, which indicates the effectiveness of the author's technology.
Socio-philosophical and legal analysis of the development of a technogenic society through the process of technologization
Authors: Pelevin Sergei Igorevich , Rakhmetulina Bagdat Saginganovna , Vasiliev Alexey Mikhailovich
Published: May 2021

The article examines the main key technologization of modern society as a fundamental reason for the value and socio-cultural changes in public life. Therefore, for a socio-philosophical analysis of social transformations, it is not enough to study only the processes taking place in the economy or political system. For a systematic analysis of social transformations, it is necessary to take into account exactly what changes are taking place in the culture and social system, the development cycle of which is much longer than in the economy or in the industrial sphere; what changes in culture follow economic and political reforms and how these processes are interconnected. In addition, the problem of technologization of modern society is important, which is considered from the point of view of the value and dangers of technocratism and the identification of technocratic thinking and rationality, as well as problems and prospects for the development of a technogenic society in the modern world.
Regional Landscape Planning and Local Planning. Insights from the Italian Context
Authors: COLAVITTI Anna Maria , SERRA Sergio
Published: May 2021

Landscape has acquired great importance in the urban and territorial policies of European countries after the European Landscape Convention. Italy has a long tradition in the protection of landscape and cultural heritage, characterised by a particular attention to the history and the identity culture of the communities. The main rule in this field, the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape of 2004 (Urbani Code), refers to a mix of environmental, cultural, and social factors belonging to different types of natural and urban landscapes that Regional Landscape Plans have to identify, sharing with local communities. The most important innovation concerns the attempt to overcome the binding and regulatory approach, only focused on protection constraints, in order to generate high awareness about the identity value of landscape and to encourage a more democratic community participation in the landscape policies. The ineffectiveness of landscape policies is often due to the lack of sharing of the landscape vision and planning approaches established at regional level, with local authorities and settled communities. This paper reflects on the topic of inter-institutional collaboration between national, regional, and local authorities, by focusing on the process of adaptation of urban local plans to the regional landscape plans and comparing different regional contexts. The article highlights a strong delay in the approval of regional landscape plans and a relevant inter-institutional conflict in the co-planning phase with the national authority, leading to the ineffectiveness of landscape plans in the transfer of regional landscape planning guidelines to the local landscape scale, with relevant consequences on territorial government, between conservative measures and transformation drivers.
Estilos tecnológicos y desarrollo autónomo
Authors: Dvorkin Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Se revisita el concepto de Estilo Tecnológico propuesto por Oscar Varsavsky y su necesario acoplamiento con los objetivos nacionales hegemónicos en la sociedad. Se propone que el estilo tecnológico asociado al modelo nacional de desarrollo inclusivo es el que impulsa el desarrollo tecnológico autónomo, concatenando la participación del Estado, de las pymes y del sistema nacional de ciencia y tecnología. En este marco las prioridades del sector tecnológico deben ser impulsar la creación de nuevos puestos de trabajo de calidad, factibilizar la exportación de productos y servicios tecnológicamente complejos con alto valor agregado y minimizar el gasto en divisas. Con estos conceptos se discute su aplicación al caso concreto de Y-TEC (YPF Tecnología).
Internacionalización Universitaria y Redes de Cooperación Sur-Sur
Authors: Oregioni María Soledad
Published: May 2021

A lo largo del artículo se analizan las principales problemáticas que presenta la internacionalización universitaria en América Latina, cuando es incorporada en forma acrítica, y las potencialidades de disputar su sentido a partir de la promoción de políticas de cooperación sur-sur. Desde una perspectiva de análisis situada, relacional y política, se discute el concepto hegemónico de internacionalización, que se reproduce a partir de dinámicas de cooperación asimétricas norte-sur y en base a agendas de investigación exógenas a la Región Latinoamericana. Consecuentemente, se destaca la importancia de desarrollar alternativas a partir de políticas de cooperación sur-sur orientadas por agendas endógenas. Para ello se presenta como estudio de caso un programa de alcance regional de promoción de redes de investigación motorizado, en el periodo 2013-2015, por el Núcleo de Estudios e Investigaciones en Educación Superior del Sector Educativo del Mercosur.
Amílcar Herrera y la cuestión minera en Argentina
Authors: Kohler María Constanza , Guerriero Lucas , Barros Cortés Facundo
Published: May 2021

Amílcar Herrera fue unos de los más lúcidos representantes del Pensamiento Latinoamericano en Ciencia, Tecnología, Desarrollo y Dependencia (PLACTED). En este trabajo se propone rescatar la mirada que como geólogo desarrolló en torno a la problemática minera y su relación con la construcción de un Proyecto Nacional y Regional. Con esta óptica y con el objetivo de resignificar y repensar las políticas del sector minero en Argentina, se analizan la relevancia de esta actividad en el país, los conceptos de recursos y reservas minerales y se presentan una serie de propuestas para pensar en posibles rumbos que permitan avanzar sobre nuevas formas de practicar la actividad minera en Argentina y la región.
The Problem of Distinction Some Meanings of the Forms of the Present Tense in the Oldest Translation of the Explanatory Gospel of Theophylact of Bulgaria (based on the Explanatory Gospel of John)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Metlova Euphrosynia
Published: May 2021

The article attempts to distinguish between three functions of the present form – praesens historicum, expositional present, renarrative present – in the first translation of the Gospel of John with commentaries by Theopylact of Bulgaria. The translator’s choice between the present tense and the aorist or imperfect as an equivalent for the original present form seems to depend on its function. Thus, praesens historicum, though more frequent than in other ancient redactions of Slavonic translation of the Gospel, is sporadically used in the translation of Gospel within the Theophylact’s work. Еxpositional present belonging to the verbs of speech and renarrative present used in the exegetist’s retelling of the Gospel are rather consequently translated with Church Slavonic present form.
The Phenomenon of “Art English” and Its Being in Russian-language Texts (based on the curatorial texts of the Artkommunalka Museum)
Authors:   The State University of Humanities and Social Studies, Stepanova Marina
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the phenomenon of “Art English” and its impact on Russian-language texts about art. The author examines the peculiar features of the curatorial texts translation from Russian into English and points out the key translation difficulties. The research materials are the curatorial texts posted on the website of the museum residence “Artkommunalka. Erofeev and others” Kolomna, Moscow region. The research proves that the main features of “Art English” are inherent to curatorial texts both in Russian and English. English has not only become an international language of communication, but also a “trendsetter” in the field of curatorial texts.
Convention and Creation in Czech Language and Literature / Scientific Editing by prof. dr hab. Mieczyslaw Balowski. Poznań: Institute of Slavic Philology, PRO Publishing House, 2020. 403 p. – (Bohemica Posnaniensia, fasc. 24).
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Guseva Olga
Published: May 2021

The collection of articles “Convention and Creation in Czech Language and Literature” continues the series published by the Polish Bohemians at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, edited by prof. M. Balowski. The collection is of interest not only for Slavists, but also for a wider range of linguists, literary critics and translation specialists as it offers a new look at the problem of linguistic and literary convention and creation, which go beyond the usual “traditions” and “innovation”. The authors of the articles included in the collection introduce new terminology into scientific use and offer its theoretical and practical justification based on the research of Czech literature, folklore, grammatical system, vocabulary and phraseology, translation studies and socially oriented discourse. The articles consistently suggest that the development of language, literature, and society as a whole is a continuous evolutionary process of interaction between the conventional and creative approaches.
The Aesthetic Function of Russian Communicative Means in Conditions of Reduced Variability (based on the material of the musical “Dance of the Vampires”)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Korosteleva Anna
Published: May 2021

The study is carried out within the framework of semantic communicative analysis. The functioning of Russian communicative means in conditions of fundamentally narrowed variability is shown (material of the musical “Dance of the Vampires” is used). The communicative level of the Russian language is proved to be a dynamic system, which is able in different special conditions (which arise owing to restrictions imposed by genre of the musical) to weaken (or eliminate) one groups of communicative units and strengthen the others, while preserving its characteristics in general. The aesthetic task of creation a certain character assigned to the actors is successfully performed with a support of various clusters of means. With one type of restrictions imposed on the personal toolkit of the actor, there are almost kinesic means (i.e. gestures) alone, with another type – minor sound means only (phonation, manner of vowels’ and consonants’ articulation, speech tempo etc). Nevertheless, the semantic charge of communicative units constantly turns out to be sufficient to form the strategy of communicative behavior of a character the actor needs. The fact of particular interest is also the possibility to indentify the communicative “matrix” introduced by the script and director’s concept.
Russia and Eurasia. Russian identity and prejudices of the West
Authors: Giannotti A.
Published: May 2021

Over the last years, relations between Russia and the West have undergone a continuous deterioration in all major international scenarios, with Moscow playing a leading role from Eastern Europe to the Middle East. Western prejudices and lack of confindence toward Russia are not new and sink their roots well before the Revolution of 1917. They have been a constant of international relations for at least six centuries and still prevent true cooperation and understanding of the deepest motivations of Kremlin policies. In particular, western observers and policy makers seem to be unable to understand the peculiarities of the Russian identity and its eurasian dimension. This article proposes a brief analysis of the system of Russian-Western relations in the light of the so-called rusofobija, the Russian position in the Eurasian region with the geopolitical consequences of the USSR’s disintegration and the return to the role of great power under Vladimir Putin.
Social stratification in the sociological theory of P. Bourdieu
Authors: Baturenko S. A.
Published: May 2021

The relevance of the work is due to the transformations of the modern system of social stratification and opportunities for social mobility, as well as the need to find relevant approaches for their study. The article is devoted to reconstruction in a holistic form of the main provisions of the theory of social stratification of P. Bourdieu. His vision of the social structure of modern society is original and based on numerous empirical studies. The article analyzes the methodological foundations and features of the theory of social stratification of the French sociologist. Heuristic potential of one of modern constructivist methodological approaches to analysis of social stratification and social mobility is considered. P. Bourdieu significantly contributed to the fact that the sociological explanation of the modern system of social stratification is being transformed. He described the main characteristics of the social structure of a post-industrial society, the main trends in its development, developed proposals for using some categories necessary to explain it. Developing his own theory of habitus and the theory of social capital, P. Bourdieu proposes to explore the position of the individual, which is represented through a lifestyle. Bourdieu’s theory of social stratification can be applied to the problems of modern social inequality. The author of the article made an attempt to trace the research logic of the French sociologist, as well as show the relationship of various blocks of the theory of social stratification.
Dialectics of the development of the Black rights movement in the United States in the 60s of the XX century on the example of its outstanding representatives
Authors: Shumakov A. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper examines and explores in detail the key theoretical aspects and leading ideological and political trends of The black rights movement in the United States in the 1960s. As the main sources, the author uses the works and speeches of its most famous representatives, such as: Martin Luther king, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, Huey Percy Newton, Robert Seal, Eldridge cleaver, highlighting the main trends and dominant trends. Materialistic dialectics is suggested as the main research method. This makes it possible to consider the process of formation of the Movement for the rights of african americans directly in development. The author not only conducts a comparative analysis of various trends and ideological and political views of the most prominent representatives of this movement, but also does it in dynamics, explaining the nature and mechanism of qualitative changes taking place using the laws of materialistic dialectics. In particular, the opposing classical concepts of integrationism and black nationalism, which underlie the definition of the notorious ambivalence of african-american consciousness, were replaced in the second half of the 1960s by revolutionary black nationalism and revolutionary socialism, which negate the previous two and are simultaneously closely related to them. As a conclusion, the concept of understanding the qualitative transformations of The black rights Movement in the United States is proposed, and parallels are drawn with the current rise of the socio-racial movement, taking place within the same discursive Reld, which was finally formed in the 1960s and continues to dominate the protest-minded part of the african-american population to this day. This gives the author the opportunity to make a forecast for the future development of the situation in the United States and the scenario of the Movement.
Faith, liberty, destiny, and the shaping of early American identity
Authors: Abramyan A. S.
Published: May 2021

The discovery of America, which was in itself a fateful event in European history, coincided with the crucial transformations taking place in the religious sphere. The development of printing technology, the creation of national translations of the Bible, the rethinking of the established forms of religiosity — all these innovations contributed to the creation of a special religious and religio-political climate of the era. England, which became one of the most successful colonial powers, was at the same time a country experiencing these religious transformations in an especially profound manner. Having proclaimed its ecclesiastical independence from Rome earlier than many other countries, England became a space for an intensive search for a new religious identity and a melting pot of various proto-messianic concepts. In addition, the competition of these new religious doctrines, existing in the shadow of potential and actual state-sanctioned oppression of dissidents, has created a specific environment that makes the issue of political freedom especially relevant and pertinent to the context of Christianity. Having received additional development in America and combined with an increased spread of the anti-colonial nationalist message, all these ideological streams could give a start to one of the most remarkable aspects of early American socio-political thought and identity, within which liberalism, republicanism, providentialism, messianism, and Christian religiosity are woven into a single composition. The debate about the influence of this ideological complex on the development of American identity and statehood continues to this day, sometimes leading to conflicting assessments. However, it seems that this phenomenon is, in one way or another, a remarkable factor in American history, which, to some extent, remains a relevant topic of discussion for modern America.
Reginal features of modern narcotization in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shul’gina E. V.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to analyze regional characteristics of drug use in the Russian Federation in order to form a general picture of the spread of drug use in the country and to develop effective anti-drug policy measures that meet the challenges of the current drug situation. The regions of the Russian Federation that have, according to statistics, the maximum and minimum indicators of drug use are considered. The results of the analysis of current medical statistics (indicators for the number of people with the first-time established drug dependence syndrome, as well as the number of people with the first-time established diagnosis of “harmful (with harmful consequences) drug use”, the number of cases of acute drug poisoning, etc.), law enforcement statistics (indicators for the number of registered crimes in the field of illicit drug trafficking, the number of seized drugs, the structure of the most common drugs, etc.). A secondary analysis of specialized literature, as well as data from research conducted by the sector of sociology of deviant behavior of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The problem of drug abuse in various regions of our country does not lose its urgency to this day. The presence of a huge territory that unites numerous regions that are diverse in their characteristics causes the polarization of indicators of drug use within the country. Based on the results of the work, conclusions were obtained about the most risky regional features in the drug sphere, as well as regional features that act as a kind of protective factors against the spread of drug use.
A Lacanian understanding of the southern planning theorists' identification under the hegemony of western philosophy
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Mohsen
Published: May 2021

As a planning theorist who has studied and taught planning theory in the Global South and North, I grapple with the question - "What does planning theory mean in the Global South?" To answer this question, I ontologically investigate the meaning of Southern planning theory based on a Lacanian approach. Drawing on the Lacanian theory of human subjectivity, this article explains how planning theorists’ identities are constituted through their interactions within academia. Lacanian discourse theory assists in exploring how most Southern planning theorists adopt, internalise, and use hegemonic Western philosophy, ideas, and discourses as the only accepted mechanism of truth. Consequently, this process profoundly alienates Southern planning theorists from their local context, as they often devalue, overlook, and neglect non-Western beliefs, ideas, knowledge, and philosophy. I argue that although the number of Southern planning theorists has increased during the last decades, non-Western philosophy is seldom utilised as the core of their critical studies. Based on the Lacanian discourse theory, I show that they mostly remain in the hegemonic mechanism of knowledge production that is embedded in the colonial era.
Housing systems in the Global South
Authors: Vaziri Zadeh Alireza , Moulaert Frank , Cameron Stuart
Published: May 2021

This paper addresses the problem of accessing decent and affordable housing in the Global South, where the housing need is, in general, more problematic than in the Global North. The paper first identifies five distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South as compared to those in the Global North. These include: (a) the diverse facets of global financialization; (b) the role of the developmentalist state; (c) the importance of informality; (d) the decisive role of the family; and (e) the rudimentary welfare systems. Given these features, the paper reflects on the concept and practices of social housing, particularly their appropriateness to deal with the housing problem in the Global South. The paper then addresses the question of whether the social housing approach is relevant for solving the contemporary housing needs in the Global South. It argues that social housing, redefined to better encompass the distinctive characteristics of housing systems in the Global South, is indeed a useful policy approach and can play a decisive role in satisfying unmet housing needs. Such an approach needs to take into account the great role of informality and family support systems and develop appropriate funding instruments and modes of institutionalization protecting housing rights and the quality of life.
Infrastructural insurgency
Authors: Stiphany Kristine
Published: May 2021

This paper focuses onhow insurgenciesare continually recastin parallel to State-led redevelopment or 'upgrading'. It brings attention to communities that shape and are reshaped by inclusion of data in processes through which citizens participate in city-making. Drawing onacomparative casestudy of intensively upgraded informal settlements in São Paulo, Brazil, findings show that data-based insurgencies have been forged from prior collective action. The resultant co-created or situated data challenge the State’s legitimacy as sole arbiter of informal settlement representation and infrastructure transformation in cities. In this context, the term infrastructural insurgency is proposedas a way that socio-materialagencies iterate over time and in space, and to stimulate discourse about the future of upgrading. Itreflects onwhich interactions between data and redevelopment can inform planning in post-redevelopment conditions across global south.
Los conocimientos tecnológicos, pedagógicos y de contenidos del profesorado universitario andaluz sobre las TIC. Análisis desde el modelo TPACK.
Authors: Jiménez Sabino María Jesús , Cabero Almenara Julio
Published: May 2021

El modelo TPACK  es uno de los modelos de diagnóstico y formación del profesorado que mayor auge ha alcanzado en los últimos tiempos por su interés en los contenidos disciplinares, pedagógicos y tecnológicos. La literatura científica resalta que implementar este modelo en la enseñanza no solo ayuda a mejorar su calidad, sino que también permite determinar cuáles son los conocimientos del profesorado y diseñar estrategias de capacitación docente. Tomando como base estas consideraciones, los objetivos planteados en el estudio han sido tres: 1) conocer si el índice de fiabilidad del instrumento sobre el TPACK era similar al de otras investigaciones; 2) analizar los niveles de conocimientos de los participantes; 3) conocer si existían diferencias significativas entre los profesores según su Universidad. Por esta razón, hemos optado por una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño descriptivo y transversal. La muestra está formada por 396 profesores de cuatro Facultades públicas de Ciencias de la Educación de Andalucía occidental. Los resultados reflejan altos conocimientos disciplinares en comparación con las bajas puntuaciones alcanzadas en los dominios con presencia tecnológica. También se evidencia que el alfa de Cronbach es similar al de otras investigaciones y que no existen diferencias significativas en los conocimientos docentes según la Universidad. Como conclusiones relevantes, destacamos la homogeneidad en los resultados sobre los conocimientos de los participantes y la utilidad del modelo para la formación del profesorado.
Unity In Diversity: Moving Indonesian Theater, Film, and Television Forward
Authors: Sitorus Eka Dimitri
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show how Indonesia has experienced a tremendous change in its approach to acting in the last 20 years, but it has not been for the better. The modern era of film and television has led to a misleading perception among the Indonesian people regarding the art of “acting,” thereby resulting in an unfavorable attitude toward the craft. This misleading perception stems from the effect of traditional Indonesian theater to its modern counterpart without any adjustments to cater to the millennial generation of Indonesians. The paper explores the roots of this misleading perception. It starts with the problem of applying Indonesian cultural policy, catering to such diverse artistic expressions in Indonesia, educating the artists, all the way to providing the specific educational infrastructure for the arts. The article provides examples of past theater and film productions to point out the problems of modern versus traditional acting styles, the challenges of translations of classic and contemporary western plays into the Indonesian language, the difficulties to apply such rigid interpretations by prominent Indonesian writer to contemporary Indonesian acting styles. The article shows that only by improving and implementing sound Indonesian cultural policy, developing and managing specific educational infrastructure for the arts, and creating a new acting method or re-considering the pre-existing ones, the Indonesian theatre, film, and television will be able to move forward.
Pembelajaran Langen Mandra Wanara di Paguyuban Langen Mudha Mandra Budaya
Authors: Darwati Iin , Iswantara Nur , Muljono Untung
Published: May 2021

Abstract The research was based on learning Langen Mandra Wanara Javanese opera in the Langen Mudha Mandra Budaya community in Bantul, DIY. This study aims to identify and describe the art learning process descriptively. What is being studied includes the components of learning and the Javanese opera learning process Langen Mandra Wanara. Data were collected using observation techniques, interviews, literature study, and documentation. The research data validation used triangulation techniques. The results showed that (1) Javanese opera learning Langen Mandra Wanara used an integrated art-based learning model between drama, dance, and music; (2) There are support and appreciation from various society levels around it. This effort is a learning for the younger generation and the community in preserving the Javanese opera Langen Mandra Wanara in the Yogyakarta Special Region.Abstrak Penelitian  dilandasi pembelajaran opera jawa Langen Mandra Wanara di paguyuban langen mudha mandra budaya di bantul, DIY. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan proses pembelajaran seni secara deskriptif. Adapun yang dikaji meliputi komponen pembelajaran dan proses pembelajaran opera Jawa Langen Mandra Wanara. Pengumpulan data penelitian dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka, dan dokumentasi. Validasi data  penelitian menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) pembelajaran opera Jawa Langen Mandra Wanara menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis integrated art, antara seni drama, seni tari, dan seni musik (nembang); (2) Terdapat dukungan dan apresiasi dari berbagai lapisan masyarakat di sekitarnya, upaya ini merupakan pembelajaran bagi generasi muda dan masyarakat dalam melestarikan kesenian Opera Jawa Langen Mandra Wanara di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
BANKS AND BANKING BUSINESS IN RUSSIA IN THE FACE OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS
Authors: Panova G. S.
Published: May 2021

The article provides an analysis of the present condition and prospects of development of banks and the banking business in the face of international sanctions. It identifies current trends, problems and the risks of banks and banking in Russia and in the world. Special attention is paid to the analysis of sectoral international sanctions against the Russian banks and the need to minimize negative impact of sanctions on the banking business, both nationally and internationally. Great value in these conditions has the state monetary policy. Anti-crisis policy pursued by the Bank of Russia, in a context of stagnating economy, leads to a reduction in the Russian share in the world economy and increases in the standard of living gap with the developed countries. The article argues that Russia's economic growth opportunities in 2016 are limited by restriction level of bank interest, the high volatility of the exchange rate of the national currency, insufficient development of credit relations, tough, high-budget (at the level of developed Europe) tax burden, increasing administrative costs, dramatically increasing the concentration of risks of subjective decisions at the present stage of the electoral cycle. In a situation of uncertainty of predictions regarding the scope and duration of the application of sanctions, the Russian Government and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation had rightly seek to use a combination of anti-sanctions measures of austerity measures on introduction of contra-sanctions to create more comfortable conditions for doing business in Russia and her allies from member countries of Eurasian Economic Union, SCO, BRICS. The article examines the strategic aspects of development banks and banking business in Russia under the new circumstances. Given the practical recommendations on improvement of the development strategy of banks in Russia. The necessity to improve the theoretical, conceptual, methodological, her reasoning and extend the range of retrospective and prospective analysis of the State of the banking sector development strategy of the Russian economy.
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION: THE BOARDERS OF THE ENERGY SECURITY
Authors: Shvets N. N.
Published: May 2021

The article analyzes issues of import substitution in national production and determination of its effective scale considering the country's involvement to international division of labor and an important role of interstate cooperation in today's globalized world. The relevance of the study relies on the fact, that unfavorable global economic and politic situation in 2014-2015 raised concerns among the Russian authorities and the society in general about the stability of the economy and the necessity to increase its independence and self-sustainability. Sectoral economic sanctions imposed by western developed countries could potentially lead to disruptions in the supply of components and equipment that ensure the operation of power facilities. Currently power companies are influenced by the external economic situation and the devaluation of the national currency. As the result, goods of foreign manufacture have become significantly more expensive and opportunities for power companies to realize their investing and repair programs have been reduced. Thereby there is a high importance of developing the substitution-oriented production of the high-tech electric equipment within the Russian Federation's territory. Import substitution issues are closely related to the governmental industrial policy. The programs of the national production development need huge investments and that's why issues of economic effectiveness evaluation are highly relevant. But balances between economy's specialization and diversification, import substitution and export orientation are also highly important. Such measures directed at artificial import rationing as sanctions against foreign goods, creating favorable competitive environment for national producers, governmental grants could in prospect lead to a stagnation of the economy.
THE WEST AND NON-WEST: A NEW APPROACH TO THE OLD DICHOTOMY
Authors: Kuznetsov D. A.
Published: May 2021

Book review: Martynov, B.F. The West and Non-West: the Past, the Present... the Future? Moscow: Institute of Latin American Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2015. 172 p.
INTEGRATION PROCESSES ON CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IN THE EURASIAN SPACE
Authors: Borshevskiy G. A.
Published: May 2021

The article studies the process of reforming the institute of civil service in the countries of the Eurasian space (e.g. Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan). The integration of national systems of public administration and, in particular, the civil service, is an important factor contributing to the implementation of the centripetal tendencies in the post-Soviet space. The research methodology is based on a combination of comparative legal analysis, historical retrospective method, normalization and scaling, structural-functional and system analysis. A comparison of the legal models of public service was made in research. The author puts forward the hypothesis that it is presence the relationship between the quantitative changes (for example, number of employees) of civil service and the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators (e.g. number of employed in the economy). In this regard were observed common trends. On materials of the statistical surveys were considered quantitative changes in national systems of civil service. The study of the socio-demographic characteristics of the public service (gender, age, profession) allowed to formulate conclusions about the general and specific trends in the reform of the civil service of the analyzed countries. A number of values were first calculated by the author. The work is intended to become the basis for a broad international research on the development of civil service, which is the central mechanism for implementation the integration in the post-Soviet space.