bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reforms of an early retirement pathway in Germany and their labor market effects
Authors: Riphahn Regina T. , Schrader Rebecca
Published: May 2022

We study causal effects of two early retirement reforms. Reform 1 increased normal retirement age stepwise from 60 to 63. Simultaneously, it became possible to use early retirement with benefit discounts. Reform 2 increased the age of early retirement stepwise from 60 to 63. We investigate behavioral responses to the reforms using administrative data and difference-in-differences strategies. We find strong and significant causal effects of both reforms. Individuals postponed retirement, stayed employed longer, postponed unemployment, and shifted to alternative pathways into retirement. The overall use of the retirement system declined by about 1.5 and 2 months per person after each of the two reforms. Individuals with low pension wealth and those who were affected immediately by the reform responded more strongly.
Songs of Famine and War: Irish Famine Memory in the Music of the US Civil War
Authors: Gerk Sarah
Published: May 2022

This article illuminates ways in which memory of Ireland's Great Famine or ‘an Gorta Mór’ (1845–1852) shaped US music during the US Civil War (1861–1865). Among scholarship on Irish Americans in the Civil War, few sources substantively address lingering memories and trauma from the Great Famine. Yet, a significant amount of the estimated 1.6 million Irish immigrants living in the US in 1860, 170,000 of whom enlisted in the war, were famine survivors. Music's unique role in emotional life offers robust source material for understanding famine memory in this transnational context. Adopting a concept of ‘private, secret, insidious trauma’ from Laura Brown and Maria P.P. Root, as well as understanding Jeffrey Alexander's ideas about cultural trauma as a sociological process, the article highlights a some of the ways in which famine memories emerged in music-making during the war. Case studies include a survey of US sheet music, the transnational performance and reception history of the song ‘Kathleen Mavourneen’, and research on the life of the northern Union army's most successful bandleader, Patrick Gilmore, who left Athlone, in Ireland famine-ravaged West, as a teenager in the late 1840s. The approach is inherently transatlantic, accounting for histories that occurred in the United States, Ireland and the broader Atlantic world dominated by Britain. The essay illustrates how music can contribute to social history, ways in which the application of research on trauma can inform musicological work, and ways in which traumatic memories can emerge across time and distance, particularly in diasporic contexts.
Reparation for victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law: New developments
Authors: Salmón Elizabeth , Pérez-León-Acevedo Juan-Pablo
Published: May 2022

This article aims to determine what important new developments have emerged in reparation for victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). Our hypothesis is that there have been significant new developments in this area of particular relevance to IHL and that reparation for victims of serious violations of IHL is increasingly being incorporated into this body of law as one of its key components. It is submitted that the following developments are evidence of this gradual transformation of IHL: (i) broad recognition of the right of victims of serious violations of IHL to reparation; (ii) extension of the scope of the obligation to provide reparation under IHL to include non-State armed groups and individuals as well as States; (iii) the existence of innovative domestic reparation mechanisms complemented or supervised by regional courts, as evidenced by experiences in Latin America; and (iv) the reparation system of the International Criminal Court as a global mechanism.
Erfassung der Lebendigkeit mentaler Vorstellungsbilder
Authors: Jungmann Stefanie M. , Becker Fritz , Witthöft Michael
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung. Mentale Vorstellungsfähigkeit bezeichnet ein Konstrukt von enormer Bedeutung für diverse psychische Funktionen (z. B. Motivation, Emotion und Handlungssteuerung). Die Lebendigkeit gilt hierbei als ein zentrales und interindividuell variierendes Merkmal mentaler Vorstellungen. Bislang mangelt es allerdings an validierten deutschsprachigen Fragebögen zur Erfassung der Lebendigkeit. Daher wurden an einer Stichprobe von N = 300 Personen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung (81 % Studierende) deutschsprachige Versionen des Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; visuelle Vorstellungen) und des Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (PSI-Q; multisensorische Erfassung) adaptiert und validiert. Für den VVIQ und PSI-Q konnten die faktorielle (mittels Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling), konvergente und diskriminante Validität belegt werden. Es ergaben sich akzeptable bis hohe interne Konsistenzen, die Retest-Korrelationen (8 Monate) variierten je nach Subskala. Die Lebendigkeit mentaler Vorstellungen zeigte erwartungskonform negative Zusammenhänge mit Defiziten in der emotionalen Verarbeitung (Alexithymie). Insgesamt stellen die beiden Fragebögen ökonomische, reliable und valide Verfahren dar, um die Lebendigkeit mentaler Vorstellungen zu erfassen.
Variability of Shoreline Water Levels on an Atoll in the Maldives
Authors: Shimozono Takenori , Shibata Ryotaro , Onaka Susumu , Mori Tomohiro , Awazu Yuta
Published: May 2022

Many atolls in tropical oceans are under the threat of sea‐level rise. Mitigation planning requires reliable estimates of increasing wave runup in response to sea‐level rise and changes in wave climate. However, shoreline dynamics on reef‐lined coasts, particularly the effect of low‐frequency waves, are not yet fully understood. Herein, we present a field study on the southernmost atoll of the Maldives to clarify the variability of shoreline water levels driven by waves and tides. The atoll is located just south of the equator and has a moderate wave climate; it is occasionally impacted by long‐distance swells from the South Indian Ocean. Wave evolution on a reef‐lined coast was observed in situ for a period of seven months. The shallow water depth tightly constrains reef‐flat waves under normal wave conditions; however, this constraint is broken under extreme conditions by low‐frequency waves generated from long‐period swells. Particularly, very low‐frequency waves (<0.005 Hz) are amplified via wave resonance over the reef platform and significantly contribute to shoreline motions. Our observation of shoreline motions confirmed that, under energetic conditions, extreme wave run‐ups are characterized by swell run‐ups riding on crests of low‐frequency waves. A combined approach of observations and analytical modeling revealed the long‐term variability of shoreline water levels, highlighting the stochastic nature of extreme water levels influenced by a joint probability of far‐field swells and high tides. Our results suggested that extreme shoreline water levels would increase at a significantly higher rate than sea‐level rise in the future.
Earthquakes Indicated Stress Field Change During the 2006 Unrest of Augustine Volcano, Alaska
Authors: Zhan Yan , Roman Diana C. , Le Mével Hélène , Power John A.
Published: May 2022

To examine controls on the local stress field at Augustine Volcano, Alaska, before its 2006 eruption, we calculated fault plane solutions for volcano‐tectonic earthquakes from 2002 to 2006. The P‐axis orientation was first aligned to the regional maximum compression (NW) and then rotated by about 90° (perpendicular to the dike alignment) after the onset of surface deformation in mid‐August 2005. Using 3D finite element models, we systematically evaluated the effects of tectonic stresses, volcanic edifice densities, and dike overpressures on the local stress field orientation. Combining data and models to generate “phase diagrams” of different stress controls by these competing effects, we argue that moderate tectonic stress of 2–3 MPa at 600 m above sea level slightly exceeded the edifice loading before the precursory deformation and was then overprinted by a local stress field from dike opening with an overpressure of ∼15 MPa.
Nonlinear Wave Growth Analysis of Chorus Emissions Modulated by ULF Waves
Authors: Li Li , Omura Yoshiharu , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Rankin Robert , Yue Chao , Fu Sui‐Yan
Published: May 2022

We present Van Allen Probes observations of periodic chorus wave emissions in the troughs of compressional ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. During this event, the spectral gap of chorus waves gradually widens as the spacecraft moves from the equatorial source region towards higher latitudes. Moreover, chorus wave intensity increases and frequency range widens after a substorm injection. We show that the periodic occurrence of chorus waves is attributed to the modulation of threshold amplitude for nonlinear growth of chorus waves by the second spatial derivative of ULF compressional magnetic field. The widening gap can be interpreted in terms of the nonlinear damping mechanism. A good agreement is also found between the nonlinear wave growth theory and the observations regarding the influence of substorm injection on the chorus. These findings support the applicability of the nonlinear theory in describing the chorus wave generation and damping, together with their modulations by ULF waves.
Mantle Wedge Water Contents Estimated From Ultrasonic Laboratory Measurements of Olivine‐Antigorite Aggregates
Authors: Wang Duojun , Wang Libing , Zhang Rui , Cai Nao , Zhang Jikai , Chen Peng , Cao Yang
Published: May 2022

While it is known that serpentinized peridotite acts as a water reservoir in the mantle wedge of a subduction zone, the spatial distribution and quantity of the water stored in these reservoirs, as well as the acoustic velocity of the olivine‐antigorite aggregates, are not well constrained. Here, we report the propagation of seismic waves through synthetic olivine–antigorite aggregates, which are used as proxies for various mantle wedge lithologies, by varying the amount of antigorite at pressures up to 8 GPa. Our results indicate that the acoustic velocity is strongly dependent on the proportion of antigorite in the sample and somewhat dependent on pressure. We empirically explore the relationship between the acoustic velocity and the degree of serpentinization as well as pressure to map the water content in the mantle wedge. Our estimations show that the water content among the subducting slabs around the Pacific Ocean is between 0.5 and 5.0 wt%.
Juno Plasma Wave Observations at Ganymede
Authors: Kurth W. S. , Sulaiman A. H. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Menietti J. D. , Mauk B. H. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Valek P. , Connerney J. E. P. , Waite J. H. , Bolton S. J. , Imai M. , Santolik O. , Li W. , Duling S. , Saur J. , Louis C.
Published: May 2022

The Juno Waves instrument measured plasma waves associated with Ganymede's magnetosphere during its flyby on 7 June, day 158, 2021. Three distinct regions were identified including a wake, and nightside and dayside regions in the magnetosphere distinguished by their electron densities and associated variability. The magnetosphere includes electron cyclotron harmonic emissions including a band at the upper hybrid frequency, as well as whistler‐mode chorus and hiss. These waves likely interact with energetic electrons in Ganymede's magnetosphere by pitch angle scattering and/or accelerating the electrons. The wake is accentuated by low‐frequency turbulence and electrostatic solitary waves. Radio emissions observed before and after the flyby likely have their source in Ganymede's magnetosphere.
The 15 January 2022 Hunga Tonga Eruption History as Inferred From Ionospheric Observations
Authors: Astafyeva E. , Maletckii B. , Mikesell T. D. , Munaibari E. , Ravanelli M. , Coisson P. , Manta F. , Rolland L.
Published: May 2022

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha’apai submarine volcano erupted violently and triggered a giant atmospheric shock wave and tsunami. The exact mechanism of this extraordinary eruptive event, its size and magnitude are not well understood yet. In this work, we analyze data from the nearest ground‐based receivers of Global Navigation Satellite System to explore the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) response to this event. We show that the ionospheric response consists of a giant TEC increase followed by a strong long‐lasting depletion. We observe that the explosive event of 15 January 2022 began at 04:05:54UT and consisted of at least five explosions. Based on the ionospheric TEC data, we estimate the energy released during the main major explosion to be between 9 and 37 Megatons in trinitrotoluene equivalent. This is the first detailed analysis of the eruption sequence scenario and the timeline from ionospheric TEC observations.
A Strong Anthropogenic Black Carbon Forcing Constrained by Pollution Trends Over China
Authors: Liu Yawen , Wang Minghuai , Qian Yun , Ding Aijun
Published: May 2022

Estimates of the effective radiative forcing from aerosol‐radiation interaction (ERFari) of anthropogenic Black Carbon (BC) have been disputable and require better constraints. Here we find a substantial decline in atmospheric absorption of −5.79Wm−2decade−1 over eastern central China (ECC) responding to recent anthropogenic BC emission reductions. By combining the observational finding with advances from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase6 (CMIP6), we identify an emergent constraint on the ERFari of anthropogenic BC. We show that across CMIP6 models the simulated trends correlate well with simulated annual mean shortwave atmospheric absorption by anthropogenic BC over China. Making use of this emergent relationship allows us to constrain the aerosol absorption optical depth of anthropogenic BC and further provide a constrained range of 2.4–3.0 Wm−2 for its top‐of‐atmosphere ERFari over China, higher than existing estimates. Our work supports a strong warming effect of BC over China, and highlights the need to improve BC simulations over source regions.
Radiation Belt Electron Acceleration Driven by Very‐Low‐Frequency Transmitter Waves in Near‐Earth Space
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Ma Qianli , Bernhardt Paul A.
Published: May 2022

We perform two‐dimensional Fokker–Planck diffusion simulations to quantify the role of Very‐Low‐Frequency (VLF) transmitter waves and other naturally occurring plasma waves in electron acceleration over L = 1.5–3.0. VLF transmitter waves play a dual role in electron acceleration at higher energies from ∼200 to ∼700 keV through energy diffusion, and losses at lower energies below ∼100 keV through pitch angle scattering. Due to the now‐achievable rocket exhaust driven amplification (REDA) of VLF waves suggested by recent studies, control of wave‐induced acceleration can be actively tested with various VLF wave intensities in space. With amplification by a factor of 5, the acceleration by VLF transmitters can overcome the losses by lightning‐generated whistlers and plasmaspheric hiss, leading to net acceleration in the combined scattering. The acceleration occurs within 1 min with amplification factor of 50 dB, which is promising to be observable in the future REDA experiment, representing a feasible test of the theory.
The Impact of Indonesian Throughflow Constrictions on Eastern Pacific Upwelling and Water‐Mass Transformation
Authors: Eabry M. D. , Holmes R. M. , Gupta A. Sen
Published: May 2022

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is a key link in the global ocean overturning circulation. Heat gained from upwelling and watermass transformation in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (PO) is transported through the ITF into the Indian Ocean, ultimately connecting to high‐latitude regions of heat loss such as the North Atlantic. However, state‐of‐the‐art General Circulation Models (GCMs) often poorly simulate upwelling, particularly in the eastern Pacific boundary regions. Recent studies have hypothesized that these difficulties may be related to biases in downstream ITF volume and heat transport, whereby insufficient warm surface water from the western PO passes through the ITF, a complex region that is hard to accurately represent in models. Here, we test this hypothesis using a coarse‐resolution ocean model by artificially widening the ITF and allowing greater quantities of warm water to exit the western PO. This reduces the Indo‐Pacific sea‐surface height and pressure gradient biases. Using diagnostics in temperature coordinates, we trace the source of increased ITF warm‐water transport to enhanced watermass transformation of cold‐to‐warm waters in the eastern tropical PO. Additional cool water is brought to the surface in the Cold Tongue region, resulting in an enhancement of surface flux‐driven warming. However, we find only limited evidence for changes in upwelling at lower temperatures along the eastern PO margins, considerably less than hypothesized in a previous study. Our experiment provides useful insights to help understand simulated ITF mass and heat transport biases and their links with the tropical PO in GCMs.
Microbiome assembly predictably shapes diversity across a range of disturbance frequencies in experimental microcosms
Authors: Santillan Ezequiel , Wuertz Stefan
Published: May 2022

Diversity is often implied to have a positive effect on the functional stability of ecological communities. However, its relationship with stochastic and deterministic assembly mechanisms remains largely unknown, particularly under fluctuating disturbances. Here, we subjected complex bacterial communities in microcosms to different frequencies of alteration in substrate feeding scheme, tracking temporal dynamics in their assembly, structure and function. Activated sludge bioreactors were subjected to six different frequencies of double organic loading, either never (undisturbed), every 8, 6, 4, or 2 days (intermediately disturbed), or every day (press disturbed), and operated in daily cycles for 42 days. Null modeling revealed a stronger role of stochastic assembly at intermediate disturbance frequencies, with a peak in stochasticity that preceded the occurrence of a peak in α-diversity. Communities at extreme ends of the disturbance range had the lowest α-diversity and highest within-treatment similarity in terms of β-diversity, with stronger deterministic assembly. Increased carbon removal and microbial aggregate settleability (general functions) correlated with stronger deterministic processes. In contrast, higher stochasticity correlated with higher nitrogen removal (a specialized function) only during initial successional stages at intermediate disturbance frequencies. We show that changes in assembly processes predictably precede changes in diversity under a gradient of disturbance frequencies, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind disturbance–diversity–function relationships.
Alternating twisted multilayer graphene: generic partition rules, double flat bands, and orbital magnetoelectric effect
Authors: Xie Bo , Peng Ran , Zhang Shihao , Liu Jianpeng
Published: May 2022

Recently the alternating twisted trilayer graphene is discovered to exhibit unconventional superconductivity, which motivates us to study the electronic structures and possible correlation effects for this class of alternating twisted multilayer graphene (ATMG) systems. In this work we consider generic ATMG systems with M-L-N stacking configurations, in which the M (L) graphene layers and the L (N) layers are twisted by an angle θ (−θ). Based on analysis from a simplified k⋅p model approach, we derive generic partition rules for the low-energy electronic structures, which exhibit various band dispersions including two pairs of flat bands and flat bands co-existing with various gapless Fermionic excitations. For a mirror-symmetric ATMG system with doubled flat bands, we further find that Coulomb interactions may drive the system into a state with intertwined electric polarization and orbital magnetization orders, which can exhibit an interaction-driven orbital magnetoelectric effect.
Primary support optimization of large-span and shallow buried hard rock tunnels based on the active support concept
Authors: Liu Quanwei , Li Yongshun , Li Weiteng , Zhao Jizeng , Qin Zhe , Yang Xuxu , Feng Qiang , Jiang Bei , Wang Ke , Li Yang
Published: May 2022

Considering the large-span underground excavation subway station of Qingdao Metro Line 6 of China for analysis, it is necessary to optimize the traditional support system by investigating relevant codes and other tunnel projects. Based on the active support concept, a high prestressed rock bolt support system is proposed, and the optimization direction is defined to apply a high prestress force to rock bolts, increasing the appropriate spacing between supporting arches and strengthening support at key parts such as the large arch foot area, sidewalls and junctions. Numerical calculations and field monitoring are performed to analyze and evaluate the new support system. Numerical simulation results show that the new support system can effectively improve the stress state of the surrounding rock; the tensile stress area markedly decreases in size or disappears; and the plastic area also decreases in size. Field monitoring results show that the settlement of the arch crown is concentrated at 2–5 mm and the deformation rates are less than 0.5 mm/day. The supporting arches, shotcrete and rock bolts are all less than the yield strength and a high safety reserve. These results verify the safety and rationality of the proposed support system, which can be used as a reference for similar projects.
Prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19
Authors: Nanwani-Nanwani Kapil , López-Pérez Lorenzo , Giménez-Esparza Carola , Ruiz-Barranco Inés , Carrillo Elena , Arellano María Soledad , Díaz-Díaz Domingo , Hurtado Beatriz , García-Muñoz Andoni , Relucio María Ángeles , Quintana-Díaz Manuel , Úrbez María Rosario , Saravia Andrés , Bonan María Victoria , García-Río Francisco , Testillano María Luisa , Villar Jesús , García de Lorenzo Abelardo , Añón José Manuel
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients usually require long periods of mechanical ventilation and sedation, which added to steroid therapy, favours a predisposition to the development of delirium and subsequent mental health disorders, as well as physical and respiratory sequelae. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) at 3 months after hospital discharge, in a cohort of mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). An ambispective, observational study was conducted in three hospitals with intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up clinics. We studied adults who survived a critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A physical (muscle strength and pulmonary function), functional [12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Barthel score], psychological [hospital anxiety and depression (HADS) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity scales], and cognitive [Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test] assessment were performed. A total of 186 patients were evaluated at 88 days (IQR 68–121) after hospital discharge. Mean age was 59 ± 12 years old, 126 (68%) patients were men, and median length of mechanical ventilation was 14 days (IQR 8–31). About 3 out of 4 patients (n = 139, 75%) met PICS criteria. Symptoms of cognitive and psychiatric disorders were found in 59 (32%) and 58 (31%) patients, respectively. Ninety-one (49%) patients had muscle weakness. Pulmonary function tests in patients with no respiratory comorbidities showed a normal pattern in 93 (50%) patients, and a restrictive disorder in 62 (33%) patients. Also, 69 patients (37%) were on sick leave, while 32 (17%) had resumed work at the time of assessment. In conclusion, survivors of critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring mechanical ventilation have a high prevalence of PICS. Physical domain is the most frequently damaged, followed by cognitive and psychiatric disorders. ICU follow-up clinics enable the assistance of this vulnerable population.
Assessment of genetic diversity and volatile content of commercially grown banana (Musa spp.) cultivars
Authors: Hinge Vidya R. , Shaikh Irfan M. , Chavhan Rahul L. , Deshmukh Abhijit S. , Shelake Rahul Mahadev , Ghuge Sandip A. , Dethe Amol M. , Suprasanna Penna , Kadam Ulhas Sopanrao
Published: May 2022

Banana is an important fruit crop in the tropics and subtropics; however, limited information on biomarkers and signature volatiles is available for selecting commercial cultivars. Clonal fidelity is a major contributor to banana yield and aroma; however, there are no useful biomarkers available to validate clonal fidelity. In this study, we performed the molecular profiling of 20 banana cultivars consisting of diploid (AA or AB) and triploid (AAA or AAB or ABB) genomic groups. We screened 200 molecular markers, of which 34 markers (11 RAPD, 11 ISSR, and 12 SSR) yielded unequivocally scorable biomarker profiles. About 75, 69, and 24 allelic loci per marker were detected for RAPD, ISSR, and SSR markers, respectively. The statistical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) exhibited a high genetic difference of 77% with a significant FST value of 0.23 (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the UBC-858 and SSR CNMPF-13 markers were unique to Grand Nain and Ardhapuri cultivars, respectively, which could be used for clonal fidelity analysis. Furthermore, the analysis of banana fruit volatilome using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GCMS) revealed a total of fifty-four volatile compounds in nine banana cultivars with 56% of the total volatile compounds belonging to the ester group as the significant contributor of aroma. The study assumes significance with informative biomarkers and signature volatiles which could be helpful in breeding and for the authentic identification of commercial banana cultivars.
Automated machine learning for differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma on multiphasic MRI
Authors: Hu Rong , Li Huizhou , Horng Hannah , Thomasian Nicole M. , Jiao Zhicheng , Zhu Chengzhang , Zou Beiji , Bai Harrison X.
Published: May 2022

With modern management of primary liver cancer shifting towards non-invasive diagnostics, accurate tumor classification on medical imaging is increasingly critical for disease surveillance and appropriate targeting of therapy. Recent advancements in machine learning raise the possibility of automated tools that can accelerate workflow, enhance performance, and increase the accessibility of artificial intelligence to clinical researchers. We explore the use of an automated Tree-Based Optimization Tool that leverages a genetic programming algorithm for differentiation of the two common primary liver cancers on multiphasic MRI. Manual and automated analyses were performed to select an optimal machine learning model, with an accuracy of 73–75% (95% CI 0.59–0.85), sensitivity of 70–75% (95% CI 0.48–0.89), and specificity of 71–79% (95% CI 0.52–0.90) on manual optimization, and an accuracy of 73–75% (95% CI 0.59–0.85), sensitivity of 65–75% (95% CI 0.43–0.89) and specificity of 75–79% (95% CI 0.56–0.90) for automated machine learning. We found that automated machine learning performance was similar to that of manual optimization, and it could classify hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with an sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of radiologists. However, automated machine learning performance was poor on a subset of scans that met LI-RADS criteria for LR-M. Exploration of additional feature selection and classifier methods with automated machine learning to improve performance on LR-M cases as well as prospective validation in the clinical setting are needed prior to implementation.
Physiological and morphological effects of a marine heatwave on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa
Authors: Deguette Alizé , Barrote Isabel , Silva João
Published: May 2022

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity as part of climate change, yet their impact on seagrass is poorly known. The present work evaluated the physiological and morphological responses of Cymodocea nodosa to a MHW. C. nodosa shoots were transplanted into a mesocosm facility. To simulate a MHW, water temperature was raised from 20 to 28 °C, kept 7 days at 28 °C, cooled down back to 20 °C and then maintained at 20 °C during an 8-day recovery period. The potentially stressful effects of the simulated heatwave on the photosynthetic performance, antioxidative-stress level and area vs dry weight ratio of leaves were investigated. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) increased during the heatwave, allowing the plants to maintain their photosynthetic activity at control level. Negative effects on the photosynthetic performance and leaf biomass of C. nodosa were observed during the recovery period. No significant oxidative stress was observed throughout the experiment. Overall, although C. nodosa showed a relative tolerance to MHWs compared to other species, its population in Ria Formosa is likely to be negatively affected by the forecasted climate change scenarios.
Solvothermal synthesis of CeO2–ZrO2–M2O3 (M = La, Y, Bi) mixed oxide and their soot oxidation activity
Authors: Zhang Dong
Published: May 2022

Nano CeO2-based oxides with meso-pores have been synthesized by a solvothermal method.
Super-reductive mesoporous phosphomolybdate with high crystallinity and its excellent performance for Li-ion battery application
Authors: Ilbeygi Hamid , Kim Sungho , Kim In Young , Joseph Stalin , Kim Min Gyu , Vinu Ajayan
Published: May 2022

Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) with a high crystallinity and mesoporous structures is prepared through a simple self-assembly of non-ionic surfactant, PMA and KCl. The prepared material is found to be an excellent electrode for Li-ion battery.
{Ge8[Fe(CO)4]8}7−: an anionic cubic germanium-iron-cluster featuring an unpaired electron
Authors: Preißing Lars , Schrenk Claudio , Schnepf Andreas
Published: May 2022

The reaction of a metastable Ge(i)Cl solution and Na2Fe2(CO)8gives the radical cluster anion {(thf)14Na6Ge8[Fe(CO)4]8}−which might be an intermediate compound on the formation of metalloid germanium clusters.
Transition metal complexes of the PPO/POP ligand: variable coordination chemistry and photo-luminescence properties
Authors: Flecken Franziska , Grell Toni , Hanf Schirin
Published: May 2022

The equilibrium tuning between Ph2P–O–PPh2, POP and Ph2P–P(O)Ph2, PPO in the presence of transition metals was investigated. Coordination-stabilised POP tautomers show highly luminescent und thermochromic behavior.
Vascular bifurcation influences the protein corona composition on nanoparticles and impacts their cellular uptake
Authors: Conjeevaram Sridevi B. , Blanchard Ryan M. , Kadaba Amulya , Adjei Isaac M.
Published: May 2022

The article uses in vitro models to show blood vessel influence on the protein corona’s (PC) composition. These results highlight the need to investigate the blood vessel architecture’s influence on the PC and their biological fate.
Silver-catalyzed three-component reaction of uracils, arylboronic acids, and selenium: synthesis of 5-arylselanyluracils
Authors: Murata Yuki , Tsuchida Saori , Nezaki Rena , Kitamura Yuki , Matsumura Mio , Yasuike Shuji
Published: May 2022

A simple and general multicomponent synthesis of 5-arylselanyluracils by regioselective C–H selenation of uracils is described.
A dual-confined lithium nucleation and growth design enables dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Lun , Fu Huaqiang , Yang Jinlong , Wang Pengyan , Zhang Huazhang , Zhao Xin , Xiao Zhitong , Liu Zhenhui , Kou Zongkui , Wang Zhenbo , He Daping
Published: May 2022

A dual-confined Li nucleation and growth design is enabled by the synergistic effect of doped N sites and Ag NCs, which produces uniform Li nucleation. The induced Li–Ag alloy promotes epitaxial growth of Li until a smooth/dense surface is formed.
Multi-TpyCo2+-based conductive supramolecular hydrogels constructed by “bridge bonds” for rechargeable Zn-air batteries with ultrastable cycling stability over 1100 h
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Wang Qichen , Tan Yun , Zhu Lingwen , Jiang Zhiyuan , Chen Mingzhao , Wang Jun , Li Yiming , Lei Yongpeng , Zhang Yi , Dai Liming , Wang Pingshan
Published: May 2022

The multi-TpyCo2+-based supramolecular hydrogel presents the remolding property and shows a low overpotential of 264 mV at 10 mA cm−2for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and an ultrastable cycling stability over 1100 h for liquid Zn–air battery.
Redox-active sodium 3,4-dihydroxy anthraquinone-2-sulfonate anchored on reduced graphene oxide for high-performance Zn-ion hybrid capacitors
Authors: Yang Kai , Hu Lei , Wang Yi , Xia Jianxing , Sun Mengxuan , Zhang Yunpeng , Gou Chao , Jia Chunyang
Published: May 2022

A high-performance ARS anchored on reduced graphene oxide aerogel film cathode with fast transmission dynamics, pseudo-capacitance characteristics, high energy and power density, flexibility, and applicability.
Realization of high thermoelectric performance in solution-synthesized porous Zn and Ga codoped SnSe nanosheets
Authors: Li Shuang , Hou Yunxiang , Li Di , Zou Bo , Zhang Qingtang , Cao Yang , Tang Guodong
Published: May 2022

A high average ZT of 0.8 and a high peak ZT of 1.86 are obtained in porous Zn and Ga codoped SnSe nanosheets fabricated by a solution synthesis route.
A novel self-healing hydrogel based on derivatives of natural α-amino acids with potential applications as a strain sensor
Authors: Gharakhloo Mosayeb , Jagleniec Damian , Romanski Jan , Karbarz Marcin
Published: May 2022

A novel multifunctional hydrogel material based on derivatives of natural α-amino acids: ornithine and cystine is presented.
NIR light-triggered peroxynitrite anion production via direct lanthanide-triplet photosensitization for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xiao Xi , Zheng Bingzhu , Zheng Qiang , Lu Zijie , Cen Dong , Cai Xiujun , Li Xiang , Deng Renren
Published: May 2022

A heterostructure nanoplatform was designed for NIR-responsive production of ONOO−via direct lanthanide-triplet photosensitization to realize enhanced tumor therapy.
A variational level set model with kernel metric induced local image fitting energy
Authors: Yan Junxiao , Tang Liming , Ren Yanjun , Zhang Honglu
Published: May 2022

Active contour based methods are effective models for image segmentation. However, they always suffer from the limited performance due to the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity. To solve this problem, a kernel metric induced local image fitting (KLIF) variational model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a kernel metric induced local fitting image (KLFI) is introduced by minimising a kernel metric based energy. The combination of the kernel metric and the local fitting image enables the model to be more robust to the noise and intensity inhomogeneity. And then, using the KLFI, a variational level set model that is a squared l2 distance between the KLFI and the original image is constructed. Two regularisation terms are employed in the model to keep the level set function to be stable during the evolution. At last, an alternating iterative algorithm combining with fixed‐point iteration and gradient descent of three‐step time‐splitting is introduced to solve the proposed model. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model for image segmentation in the presence of noise and intensity inhomogeneity, and demonstrate the competitive performance over several state‐of‐the‐art variational models in term of accuracy and robustness.
Deciphering stellar chorus: apollinaire, a Python 3 module for Bayesian peakbagging in helioseismology and asteroseismology
Authors: Breton S. N. , García R. A. , Ballot J. , Delsanti V. , Salabert D.
Published: May 2022

Since the asteroseismic revolution, the availability of efficient and reliable methods to extract stellar-oscillation mode parameters has been an important part of modern stellar physics. In the fields of helio- and asteroseismology, these methods are usually referred to aspeakbagging. Here, we introduce theapollinairemodule, a newPython3 open-source Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework dedicated topeakbagging. We extensively describe the theoretical framework necessary to understand MCMCpeakbaggingmethods for disk-integrated helio- and asteroseismic observations. In particular, we present the models that are used to estimate the posterior probability function in apeakbaggingframework. A description of theapollinairemodule is then provided. We explain how the module enables stellar background, p-mode global pattern, and individual-mode parameter extraction. By taking into account instrumental specificities, stellar inclination angle, rotational splittings, and asymmetries, the module allows a large variety of p-mode models to be fitted that are suited for solar and stellar data analysis with different instruments. After presenting a validation of the module with a Monte Carlo fitting trial on synthetic data, it is benchmarked by comparing its outputs with results obtained with otherpeakbaggingcodes. We present our analysis of the power spectral density (PSD) of 89 one-year subseries of GOLF observations. We also selected six stars from theKeplerLEGACY sample in order to demonstrate the code abilities on asteroseismic data. The parameters we extract withapollinaireare in good agreement with those presented in the literature and demonstrate the precision and reliability of the module.
The halo-finding problem revisited: a deep revision of the ASOHF code
Authors: Vallés-Pérez David , Planelles Susana , Quilis Vicent
Published: May 2022

Context. New-generation cosmological simulations are providing huge amounts of data, whose analysis becomes itself a pressing computational problem. In particular, the identification of gravitationally bound structures, known as halo finding, is one of the main analyses. Several codes that were developed for this task have been presented during the past years.

Aims. We present a deep revision of the code ASOHF. The algorithm was thoroughly redesigned in order to improve its capabilities of finding bound structures and substructures using both dark matter particles and stars, its parallel performance, and its abilities of handling simulation outputs with vast amounts of particles. This upgraded version of ASOHF is conceived to be a publicly available tool.

Methods. A battery of idealised and realistic tests are presented in order to assess the performance of the new version of the halo finder.

Results. In the idealised tests, ASOHF produces excellent results. It is able to find virtually all the structures and substructures that we placed within the computational domain. When the code is applied to realistic data from simulations, the performance of our finder is fully consistent with the results from other commonly used halo finders. The performance in substructure detection is remarkable. In addition, ASOHF is extremely efficient in terms of computational cost.

Conclusions. We present a publicly available deeply revised version of the ASOHF halo finder. The new version of the code produces remarkable results in terms of halo and subhalo finding capabilities, parallel performance, and low computational cost.
Long-term variations in precipitable water vapor and temperature at Lenghu Site
Authors: Zhao Yong , Yang Fan , Chen Xiaodian , Zhang Xian , Ma Jifang , Kong Xianghui , Fu Xiaoting , Li Ruiyue , Wei Yong , Yao Zhonghua , He Fei , Pan Jun , Deng Licai
Published: May 2022

Context. A high-quality astronomical observing site, the Lenghu site, was recently discovered on the Tibetan Plateau. The statistical analysis of site quality monitor data collected so far have indicated that the precipitable water vapor (PWV) is lower than 2 mm for 55% of the night. The nighttime temperature is also very stable; the median of the intranight variation amplitude is only 2.4 °C.

Aims. The long-term trend of the PWV and temperature variations, which is essential for future facilities operating at infrared, millimeter, and submillimeter wavelengths, is investigated in this work.

Methods. Here we used the atmospheric reanalysis datasets of the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) and ERA5, the fifth major atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), as well as the measurements from the weather station at the site to conduct a long-term (22 yr) comparative analysis of PWV and temperature at the Lenghu site.

Results. The weighted annual mean nighttime temperature and PWV increase at rates of 0.17 °C decade−1 and 0.12 ~ 0.13 mm decade−1, respectively. The nighttime temperature and PWV slightly both decrease during the winter with rates of −0.04 °C decade−1 and −0.05 ~ −0.07 mm decade−1, respectively.

Conclusions. These results indicate that the variation patterns of PWV and temperature at the Lenghu site are quite stable, especially during the winter; it is projected that the nighttime average PWV will be below 1 mm and the nighttime average temperature will be below −13 °C toward the end of this century. These conditions are ideal for large optical, infrared, millimeter, and submillimeter facilities where great scientific discoveries will be made that address the ultimate questions of humankind.
Le Musée Ampère promu « Site historique » de la physique européenne
Authors: San Miguel Alfonso
Published: May 2022

À l'occasion du bicentenaire des découvertes d'André-Marie Ampère dans le domaine de l'électromagnétisme, le Musée Ampère, nommé déjà « Maison des Illustres » en 2013 par le ministère de la Culture, vient de recevoir le 6 octobre 2021 le label "EPS Historic Site". Le Musée Ampère est ainsi devenu le cinquième site français inscrit dans la liste des sites historiques de la physique européenne.
Le nucléaire : toujours au centre de la politique énergétique des pays pionniers de l’atome
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: May 2022

Tous les pays pionniers du nucléaire civil continuent de miser sur l’énergie nucléaire. Souveraineté technologique, indépendance énergétique, compétitivité économique, prestige de la maîtrise d’un domaine de pointe, etc. Autant d’atouts toujours d’actualité auxquels s’ajoutent désormais les enjeux climatiques et environnementaux.
Euratom : la recherche nucléaire en Europe
Authors: di Valdalbero Domenico Rossetti , Janatková Karolína
Published: May 2022

Si les États membres de l’Union européenne ne parlent pas d’une seule voie en matière de nucléaire, le traité Euratom qui les rassemble tous ainsi que la Suisse en tant qu’État associé est toujours très actif. Soutenant la recherche et l’innovation en matière de fission et de fusion, Euratom vise aussi à soutenir l’éducation ou la recherche médicale. L’enjeu ? Maintenir un leadership technologique mondial.
New Roles and Competencies in Technical Communication Induced by Semantics and Analytics
Authors: Ziegler Wolfgang
Published: May 2022

Semantic approaches have become a logical extension of the widely-accepted content creation and provision technologies represented in technical communication mostly by component content management systems (CCMS) and content delivery portals (CDP). CCMS are typically used by technical authors trained in the areas of linguistics, structured and standardized topic-based writing and metadata-based content processing. Delivery scenarios and corresponding new technologies widen the demands of organizations towards the role of technical writers as information engineers with competencies in user-centered and use case-driven creation of content. Information engineers cover a wide range of topics being already the core of academic programs and professional education.

More recently, increasing demands for business process integration and process management led to new technological and methodological approaches. Semantic technologies based on ontology modelling have been investigated and introduced for example for CMS processes to improve the handling of product and media variants and the corresponding content planning. Other developments address metadata governance in integrated environments of multiple information management systems. On CDP side, there is a need to improve search support by semantics for example through facetted search, content correlations or AI technologies. Furthermore, in both fields of CMS and CDP, analytics gains significant importance for tracking and improving the corresponding processes of content creation, content search and information access. Therefore, we claim that a clearer definition of a new role of information architects and their competencies will be helpful for differentiating educational and working areas from the field of information engineers in TC.
Generative Adversarial Networks: a systematic review and applications
Authors: Asimopoulos Dimitrios C , Nitsiou Maria , Lazaridis Lazaros , Fragulis George F
Published: May 2022

Since their introduction in 2014 Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been employed successfully in many areas such as image processing, computer vision, medical imaging, video as well as other disciplines. A large number of review papers have been published, focusing on certain application areas and proposed methods. In this paper, we collected the most recent review papers, organized the collected information according to the application field and we presented the application areas, the GAN architectures that have been applied in each case and summarized the open issues in each area.
Implementation and Optimization of Image Processing Algorithm using Machine Learning and Image Compression
Authors: Zacharis Georgios , Gadounas Giannis , Tsirtsakis Pashalis , Maraslidis George , Assimopoulos Nikolaos , Fragulis George
Published: May 2022

This research paper deals with the implementation of an image captioning algorithm using Tensorflow, Keras, and Python, as well as a way proposed for optimization, using image compression techniques. The objective is to use image compression techniques to minimize data size, execution time, and computer resources since machine learning applications often have numerous constraints concerning energy consumption, processing power, and dataset sizes, thus making them less efficient for real-time, applied use cases. We can find new ways to apply machine learning in more simple real-life applications by attempting to reduce such obstacles.