bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ocupar ou construir espaços? Uma Ética Cívica do Social
Authors: Orlandi Eni
Published: August 2020

Partindo da crítica posta pela relação entre cidadania – com dominância da instância do jurídico – e civilidade (H. Arendt, Sennett e outros) – com dominância da instância da pluralidade regida pelas formas de administração (eu diria “governo”) – e tomando a cidade como projeção de uma topografia discursiva (relações espaciais) onde jogam a unidade e a dispersão, procuraremos compreender como se dão as relações entre o pessoal e o impessoal, a exterioridade e a interioridade, a vizinhança e o banimento, que vão dar sentido aos mecanismos de sobrevivência da cidade e de seus habitantes.
Escrita indígena, discurso, resistência e cidadania
Authors: Borges Águeda Aparecida da Cruz
Published: August 2020

Tomando o discurso como uma rede, puxo fios para desenvolver algumas reflexões acerca do modo como a pesquisa para a compreensão da língua, da história e os seus efeitos na escrita/sobre uma escrita específica é fundamental no processo de subjetivação da mulher indígena, na materialidade dos textos que produz, considerando as particularidades étnicas. O objetivo amplo do artigo é analisar escritas de Eliana Potiguara, principalmente, sequências discursivas do livro: Metade cara, metade máscara (2004) e a relação que ela estabelece com a língua escrita alfabética como prática de denúncia, de resistência, à revelia dos processos de naturalização, oficialização, convenção linguísticas e interdição da língua própria.
Sujeito, espaço e lixo, no dizer da mundialização
Authors: Motta Ana Luiza Artiaga R. da
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como proposição uma reflexão teórica e analítica sobre o discurso produzido pela Organização das Nações Unidas, em 2018, em referência ao dia mundial do ambiente. O discurso produzido em vídeo, em circulação na internet, refere-se à poluição plástica, e seus efeitos de ordem planetária. Na textualidade do vídeo, a linguagem verbal e de imagem, interpela gestos de leitura, sobre o modo como o lixo, produto plástico, toma rios e mares, vias sem fronteiras. Isto converge sentidos entre as nações, à relação do sujeito com o consumo e o espaço.
O frisson da bailarina: o funcionamento semântico-enunciativo do nome baderna
Authors: Karim Taisir Mahmudo , Alvares Lucas , Pria Albano Dalla
Published: August 2020

Os sentidos de uma palavra se dão no e pelo acontecimento de enunciação pelo qual uma palavra, um termo, uma expressão funciona nomeando algo, uma pessoa ou simplesmente se articulando por modos específicos em um texto. Nosso objetivo aqui, é o de observar o funcionamento semântico/enunciativo da palavra/termo baderna que passa a funcionar no léxico que compõe a língua portuguesa do Brasil a partir de um dado momento da história, constituindo um significado que desloca o termo do lugar de um nome próprio de pessoa para a nomeação de um comportamento negativo em certos momentos. Para tanto, valer-nos-emos da teoria da semântica do acontecimento de Guimarães (2002) como norte teórico e metodológico para nossas análises da palavra/termo baderna nos textos selecionados para este trabalho.
Argumentatividade e alusão no agenciamento enunciativo: a migração, a ditadura e os conquistadores no livro didático
Authors: Silva Soeli Maria Schreiber da , Machiaveli Gabriel Reis Moraes , Freitas Bárbara de Souza
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar enunciados em livros didáticos sobre as expressões migração, ditadura militar e conquistadores. Com base na Semântica do Acontecimento (2009; 2017; 2018), as análises dessas expressões apresentam uma descrição da cena enunciativa, tratando a questão da alusão no agenciamento enunciativo e de como a argumentação e a argumentatividade são construídas no acontecimento do livro didático. Temos como corpus três capítulos de três livros didáticos (dois de história e um de geografia) com selos do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD). Constatamos a mobilização dos lugares de enunciação para sustentar as argumentações nos livros.
Texto, enunciação e as práticas (políticas) de ensino de línguas: contribuições da Semântica do Acontecimento para pensar os sentidos no ensino da língua portuguesa
Authors: Stahlhauer André Stefferson Martins , Reis Claudia Freitas
Published: August 2020

A proposta desse artigo é apresentar uma discussão e um encaminhamento sobre o modo como as questões teóricas propostas pela Semântica do Acontecimento nos permitem refletir, por um lado, sobre a própria importância da Semântica, como um campo do saber e da Linguística, e de outro, para o ensino de português. Considerando a forma como as noções de língua, linguagem, sentido, texto, argumentação, político e espaço de enunciação permeiam esta teoria, ou seja, situando nossa compreensão sobre como se dá a constituição dos sentidos da(s) e na(s) língua(s), propomos uma reflexão que trata do lugar de uma semântica em sala de aula e do modo como operar com a língua/linguagem dentro do ensino de português em diferentes modalidades, o português como língua oficial do Brasil e o português como língua estrangeira.
Open-Ended Problems for Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Reasoning
Authors: Yuni Yatha , Suryana Andri
Published: August 2020

The abilities that must be mastered by high school students according to the demands of the 2013 curriculum include reasoning. Students who have good reasoning abilities make it easier to understand mathematics. But in reality there are still many students who have low mathematical reasoning ability, seen when they have difficulty solving math problems. This research objective is to prove the habit of solving open-ended problems that can improve the mathematical reasoning ability of junior high school students based on the level of initial mathematical ability: high, medium, and low. The study used an experimental method with a "One-Group pre-test post-test design". Randomly, selected 77 grade VII students of SMP Negeri in Bekasi as a sample. The prerequisite test shows that each level of data comes from groups that are normally distributed and homogeneous. The results showed normal gain, both overall and level showed improvement. Based on the t test obtained p value of 0.000 < 0.005, meaning this study can prove student habits in solving open-ended problems when learning mathematics on triangles and quadrilateral, can improve students' mathematical reasoning abilities.
Designing Learning Translation Using the Motifs of Anyaman Bambu
Authors: Maryati Maryati , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has many cultures, one of which is in the form of traditional crafts namely Anyaman Bambu. It’s a form of traditional craft in the community that uses bamboo as its basic material. However, people only see these crafts as only a form of traditional craft, even though there are many motifs in these crafts that can be used as a starting point in learning mathematics, namely geometry transformations. Therefore, this research aims also to produce the learning trajectory of students in learning one subject in geometry transformations namely translation, which develops from informal to formal level through the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (IRME) approach. The research method used is design research starting from preliminary design, design experiments, and retrospective analysis. This study explores how the motifs of Anyaman Bambu make a real contribution for ninth-grade students to understand the concept of translation. The results of design experiments show that the context of the motifs of Anyaman Bambu can stimulate students to understand their knowledge of the concept of translation. All the strategies and models that students find, describe, and discuss that show how students' constructions or contributions can be used to help their initial understanding of the translation.
Facilitating English Club For High School Students: “Life to The Max”
Authors: Subekti Adaninggar Septi , Wati Mega
Published: August 2020

This article reports a community service in the form of an English Club programme conducted for students of SMA Immanuel Kalasan, a private High School in Sleman, Yogyakarta. The lecturers of the English Language Education Department (ELED) of Duta Wacana Christian University (UKDW) became the facilitators of the programme with several ELED students being the facilitator assistants. The English Club was conducted in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year and it became the third edition of the English Club co-conducted by the school and the ELED. With speaking skill as the target, the programme used the principles of whole-person education in which the focus of the instruction was not only on cognitive aspect, but also on the affective, behavioural, and spiritual aspects. This programme was themed “Life to the Max” and there were in total seven meetings conducted every other Thursday in which each ninety-minute meeting had smaller theme in relation with the big theme. These themes were “communication”, “bullying”, “comparing self to others”, “health”, “sports”, “environment”, and “relationship”. The instruction was in general conducted in a highly communicative way with most of the activities conducted in small groups with the participants making vlogs about the topic being the after-class task. Based on the reflection of what went well and what needed improvement in this programme, some conclusions and recommendations on future programmes were made.
Why we still shake hands: How beliefs inform young people's socializing choices amidst Covid-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Nche George
Published: August 2020

This study examined the reasons why young persons still engage in the act of handshake amidst the spread of Covid-19 in Nigeria. Eight young persons were interviewed and data analyzed descriptively. Findings show that the participants believe that they are not susceptible to the virus due to self-administration of hydroxychloroquine and claim on divine (God-given), geographic (hot temperature) and demographic (being young) immunity.
Konsep dan Makna Kesejahteraan dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Arsyam Muhammad , Alwi Andi Mujaddidah
Published: August 2020

Dalam ajaran Islam, konsep dan makna kesejahteraan menjadi salah satu hal yang terpenting dalam kehidupan. Salah satu tolok ukur kesejahteraan adalah faktor ekonomi. Kesejahteraan sosial bukan hanya hubungan terhadap transendental akan tetapi juga harus dibarengi dengan hubungan horizontal kepada sesama manusia. Mewujudkan kesejahteraan merupakan sosial, merupakan misi kekhalifahan yang dilakukan oleh para Nabi dan Rasul Allah
Examining Daily-Level Associations Between Nightly Alcohol Use and Next-Day Valued Behavior in College Students
Authors: Pavlacic Jeffrey Michael , Dixon Laura , Schulenberg Stefan E. , Buchanan Erin Michelle
Published: August 2020

Objective: Adverse consequences of binge drinking episodes are well-established, but fewer studies have investigated how incremental changes in daily alcohol use relate to well-being. We examined within- and between-person associations in alcohol use and next-day valued living to enhance our understanding of the impact of alcohol use on following-day outcomes in college students.Participants. During November 2018, 73 undergraduate participants (65.7% female) completed surveys through Qualtrics.Method: Using daily diary methodology, participants completed nightly surveys (N = 784) on their cellular devices over a two-week period.Results: Within-participant variations in evening alcohol use demonstrated a negative linear association with next-day valued living, controlling for relevant variables.Conclusions: Findings supplement other studies demonstrating the impact of individual variability in alcohol use on engagement in valued behaviors. Knowledge of the hazards of alcohol use within the context of valued living has the potential to inform alcohol use prevention and intervention programs.
Meraih Surga dengan Sabar dan Syukur
Authors: Arsyam Muhammad , Sainuddin Ibnu Hajar
Published: August 2020

Salah satu menjadi tujuan manusia setelah di hari mkemudian adalah surga. Untuk menggapai surga yang diinginkan, maka ada jalan yang harus ditemput sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkannya.. Dalam kehidupan ini, sabar dan syukur merupakan dua indikator sebagai ciri orang yang beriman. Sabar dan syukur menjadi salah satu cara untuk meraih surga tersebut.
Meaning, social support, and resilience as predictors of posttraumatic growth: A study of the Louisiana flooding of August 2016
Authors: Boullion Gina , Pavlacic Jeffrey Michael , Schulenberg Stefan E. , Buchanan Erin Michelle , Steger Michael F.
Published: August 2020

Individuals who survive natural hazards often develop posttraumatic stress symptoms or other forms of psychological distress. However, some experience psychological growth. Given that the probability that such events will increase in the near future due to global warming, it would probably be helpful to examine predictors of growth across different kinds of natural hazards. The present study examined positive psychological factors that may serve as buffers against the negative effects of exposure to a natural hazard, specifically following the Louisiana flooding of August 2016. Volunteer participants (N = 120) self-reported perceived presence and search for meaning in life, social support, resilience, and posttraumatic growth (PTG). After controlling for amount of property damaged, posttraumatic stress symptoms, sex, religiosity, and ethnicity/race, presence and search for meaning, social support, and resilience explained significant additional variance in PTG scores. This research adds to our growing understanding of how individualsrespond to natural hazards.
Nurcholish Madjid, Mozaik Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam
Authors: Wekke Ismail Suardi
Published: August 2020

Bibliografi berikut, empat disertasi yang menulis Nurcholish Madjid sebagai subyek penelitian. Tiga disertasi diselesaikan di perguruan tinggi luar negara, di Australia dan Britania Raya. Sementara satu lagi, diselesaikan di Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Cloud Computing Recent Trends And Emerging Technologies
Authors: Gupta N.K , Gupta D , Gupta Kumari
Published: August 2020

With invent of IoT technologies, it is easier to connect people residing at geographically distant locations for information exchange. The ease in sharing of data across global boundaries has led to increased mooring of traffic for extracting services that are IT based. This has presented challenges before providers of these services to cope up with user expectations. Therefore, with emergence of cloud in the market, the models of fog and edge computing necessitates delivery of solutions that can cater heterogeneous user needs without constraints of latency and time-sensitive service delivery. It becomes imperative in such a scenario to offer viable solutions in the direction of provisioning security mechanisms to put a constraint on unauthorized user access to such services. Hence, technologies like multi-access edge computing (MEC) and cloudlet plays a vital role in comprehending security critical solutions. Therefore, the focus of this paper has been directed to discuss such emerging technologies pertaining to implementations in cloud that are capable of increasing confidence of user in distributed paradigm.
On the effect of detwinning-induced plasticity in compressive cyclic loading of NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Ebrahimi Parvin , Arghavani Jamal , Naghdabadi Reza , McGarry Patrick
Published: August 2020

A new inelastic mechanism, detwinning-induced plasticity (DIP), is proposed to model the response of NiTi SMAs to cyclic loading, based on thermodynamic considerations. DIP is incorporated into a constitutive framework for NiTi SMA. The constitutive framework also includes well established inelastic mechanisms of phase transformation,transformation-induced plasticity, residual martensite, and detwinning. The model is constructed at the single crystal scale using the framework of thermodynamics and a crystal plasticity formulation. An explicit scale-transition rule is adopted for the simulation of polycrystalline materials, allowing direct comparison of the model predictions with published experimental test data. Thermodynamic considerations result in a strong contribution of DIP for cyclic loading regimes where compressive stress occurs during part of the loading cycle. However, the contribution of DIP is negligible for cyclic loading regimes that result exclusively in tensile stress. This predicted dependence of DIP on compression, but not on tension, is strongly supported by experimental cyclic loading results. Inclusion of DIP results in improved prediction of experimentally observed NiTi SMAs behavior, including strain-controlled cyclic compression-unloading and cyclic tension-unloading tests and stress-controlled cyclic tension-compression and tension-unloading tests. During the first loading cycle the contribution of DIP is not significant in any loading regimes. However, in cases where compressive stress occurs during part of the loading cycle, DIP contributes strongly to the material response from the second cycle onwards. In strain-controlled cyclic compression-unloading tests DIP leads to a less negative peak stress and a more negative residual strain following several loading cycles. In stress- controlled tension-compression cyclic loading DIP leads to a reduction of peak and residual strains.
A study on the strengthening of buildings designed based on 3rd edition of 2800 codes by utilizing viscous dampers
Authors: eisa Himan mohammad
Published: August 2020

One of the methods that have been considered in recent years for the reinforcement of structures is the use of energy-absorbing systems. A variety of energy-absorbing systems have been developed and introduced, including liquid, viscous dampers. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of viscous dampers in absorbing forces caused by earthquakes and seismic improvement of structures, as well as the feasibility of increasing the floors of an existing structure by using these dampers. For this purpose, three different models with fixed plans and three different numbers of floors as five, nine, and thirteen have selected, and the possibility of increasing one floor to them by using viscous dampers has investigated. The results indicated that by adding a floor to the existing buildings, the stress ratio in some columns and also the relative displacement exceeds the allowable limit; however, viscous dampers can significantly decrease the stresses and displacements and can be used to expand the number of floors of an existing building.
Diagnosing Deep Self-localization Network: Accelerated Model-free Subimage-level Diagnosis via Image Synthesis and Relevance Feedback
Authors: tanaka kanji
Published: August 2020

Deep convolutional neural network (DCN) has become a common approach in visual robot self-localization. In a typical self-localization system, a DCN is trained as a visual place classifier from past visual experiences in the target environment. However, its classification performance can be deteriorated when it is tested in a different domain (e.g., times of day, weathers, seasons), due to domain shifts. Therefore, an efficient domain-adaptation (DA) approach to suppress per-domain DA cost would be desired. In this study, we address this issue with a novel ``domain-shift localization (DSL)" technique that diagnosis the DCN classifier with the goal of localizing which region of the robot workspace is significantly affected by domain-shifts. In our approach, the DSL task is formulated as a fault-diagnosis (FD) problem, in which the deterioration of DCN-based self-localization for a given query image is viewed as an indicator of domain-shifts at the imaged region. In our contributions, we address the following non-trivial issues: (1) We address a subimage-level fine-grained DSL task given a typical coarse image-level DCN classifier, in which the target DCN system is queried with a region-of-interest (RoI) masked synthesized query image to diagnosis the RoI region; (2) We extend the DSL task to a relevance feedback (RF) framework, to perform a further query and return improved diagnosis results; and (3) We implement the proposed framework on 3D point cloud imagery -based self-localization and experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Communicative pressures shape language during communication (not learning): Evidence from case-marking in artificial languages
Authors: Smith Kenny , Culbertson Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Natural languages seem to be designed for efficient communication. A classic example is Differential Case Marking, when nouns are marked for their grammatical role only if this information cannot be derived from world knowledge (e.g. only atypical objects need to be linguistically marked as objects). Fedzechkina et al. (2012) present experimental evidence from an artificial language learning paradigm suggesting that biases in learning favour Differential Case Marking: learners exposed to a language with optional case-marking restructure the input, using case-markers more in situations where marking would reduce the uncertainty or ambiguity experienced by a listener, despite the fact that they never use the artificial language in a communicative task where a listener’s uncertainty is a relevant consideration. This is surprising given previous studies suggesting that biases in learning favour simplicity and are agnostic with respect to communicative function. We report an experiment investigating whether biases for communicatively-efficient Differential Case Marking exist in learning. Contrary to Fedzechkina et al. (2012), we find no evidence for such a bias in learning: participants’ do not reliably produce Differential Object Marking in non-communicative recall tests, and their use of case is impervious to factors influencing message uncertainty or ambiguity, observations which are inconsistent with their hypothesis. However, we find good evidence that participants’ behaviour in actual communicative interaction is driven by efficient communication considerations: in interaction participants exhibited the expected Differential Object Marking pattern. This suggests that languages adapt to communicative efficiency constraints as a result of being used in communication, rather than due to biases in human learning favouring communicatively-efficient languages.
The impact of group membership on punishment versus partner choice
Authors: Martin Justin , Young Liane , McAuliffe Katherine
Published: August 2020

Human punishment is biased by ingroup favoritism: we tend to punish outgroup members more harshly than ingroup members. Such preferential punishment of outgroup members could reflect an influence of group membership specifically on punishment, or may reflect a general tendency to respond to outgroup members’ behavior more harshly, regardless of the type of response used. To investigate this question, we contrasted punishment with the decision to reject a partner, often termed partner choice. In two studies, participants interacted with other players in an incentivized economic game. We assigned participants to groups using a “minimal” groups paradigm (Study 1) or a consequential political position (Study 2). Across both studies, when participants could respond to their partner’s behavior with punishment, they punished outgroup members more harshly than ingroup members, replicating past work. We also extend prior work by showing that this difference principally reflects outgroup derogation rather than ingroup love, through the inclusion of neutral individuals in Study 2. In contrast, when participants could respond by either continuing to interact with their current partner or instead reject them and be paired with a new player, participants’ decisions were almost completely unaffected by group membership. Thus, group membership has a strong influence on how we punish others, but almost no influence on how we make partner choice decisions. These results shed light on the breadth of influence group membership can have, especially on how we respond to transgressions, and provide insight into the unique psychological processes supporting punishment and partner choice decisions.
A three-minute test of implicit language processing for large sample sizes: Proof-of-concept application in a public science event
Authors: Brekelmans Gwen , Bruns Claudia , Meitanis Vanessa , Coleman Michael , Zimmerer Vitor
Published: August 2020

Research into human language processing is challenged by its implicit nature of processes, the short time-window in which they take place, and heterogeneity within the population. We used a word monitoring task to measure implicit sensitivity to grammar, semantics, and the strength of word collocations, when listening to natural spoken sentences. We report substantial and novel adjustments to the paradigm, which allowed a participant to be tested in about three minutes, and data from a proof-of-concept study for which we recruited 125 visitors of different backgrounds to a science event. Linear mixed-effects models suggest that participants’ response time to target words was 45ms slower when words were less predictable in their grammatical, semantic, or collocational context (p = .034). There was no significant difference between language conditions. However, in non-native speakers, grammatical manipulation was less effective than manipulations of semantics and word collocations (p < .08), which is consistent with theories of shallow language processing in non-native speakers. There was no significant effect of age on language sensitivity. Effects generally replicated findings based on standard word-monitoring methods, suggesting that the novel adjustments can be applied in situations where participants’ time is limited, e.g. at events, in schools or online.
A new era for executive function research: On the transition from centralized to distributed executive functioning
Authors: Zink Nicolas , Markett Sebastian , Lenartowicz Agatha
Published: August 2020

“Executive functions” (EFs) is an umbrella term for higher cognitive functions such as working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. These functions refer to dissociable mechanisms that are also intricately related, justifying the view of EF as a unitary mental faculty. One of the most challenging theoretical problems in this field of research has been to explain how the wide range of cognitive processes subsumed as EFs are controlled without an all-powerful but ill-defined central executive in the brain. Efforts to localize control mechanisms in circumscribed brain regions have not led to breakthrough in understanding how the brain controls and regulates itself, and no single brain system underlying a ‘central executive’ has yet been identified. We discuss how a distributed control network view can help to refine our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying EFs. In this view, executive control functions are realized by spatially distributed brain networks, thus precluding the need for a modular central executive. We further discuss how graph-theory driven analysis of brain networks offers a unique lens on this problem by providing a reference frame to study brain connectivity in EFs in a holistic way and how neuroscience network research endeavors to investigate clinical neuropathology of disrupted EFs.
OpenMaze: An Open-Source Toolbox for Creating Virtual Navigation Experiments
Authors: Alsbury-Nealy Kyle , Wang Hongyu , Howarth Cody , Gordienko Alex , Schlichting Margaret , Duncan Katherine
Published: August 2020

Incorporating 3D virtual environments into psychological experiments offers an innovative solution for balancing experimental control and ecological validity. Their flexible use, however, has been limited to those researchers with extensive coding experience because the field lacks accessible development tools. We created OpenMaze, an open-source toolbox for the Unity game engine, to overcome this barrier. OpenMaze offers researchers the ability to conduct a wide range of 3D spatial navigation experiment paradigms in fully customized 3D environments. Crucially, because all experiment configurations are defined in user-friendly JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) files, our toolbox allows even those with no prior coding experience to build bespoke tasks. OpenMaze is also compatible with a variety of input devices and operating systems, broadening its possible applications. To demonstrate its advantages, we review and contrast other available software options before guiding the reader through building an experiment in OpenMaze.
The Dark Side of Morality – Neural Mechanisms Underpinning Moral Convictions and Support for Violence
Authors: Workman Clifford Ian , Yoder Keith J , Decety Jean
Published: August 2020

People are motivated by shared social values that, when held with moral conviction, can serve as compelling mandates capable of facilitating support for ideological violence. The current study examined this dark side of morality by identifying specific cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with beliefs about the appropriateness of sociopolitical violence, and determining the extent to which the engagement of these mechanisms was predicted by moral convictions. Participants reported their moral convictions about a variety of sociopolitical issues prior to undergoing functional MRI scanning. During scanning, they were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of violent protests that were ostensibly congruent or incongruent with their views about sociopolitical issues. Complementary univariate and multivariate analytical strategies comparing neural responses to congruent and incongruent violence identified neural mechanisms implicated in processing salience and in the encoding of subjective value. As predicted, neuro-hemodynamic response was modulated parametrically by individuals’ beliefs about the appropriateness of congruent relative to incongruent sociopolitical violence in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and by moral conviction in ventral striatum. Overall moral conviction was predicted by neural response to congruent relative to incongruent violence in amygdala. Together, these findings indicate that moral conviction about sociopolitical issues serves to increase their subjective value, overriding natural aversion to interpersonal harm.
Path Analysis of Effects of First-Generation Status on Physical Activity and 4-Year College Degree Completion
Authors: Mullen Sean Patrick , Luo Yan , Adamek John F , Phansikar Madhura , Mackenzie Michael J , Roberts Brent , Larrison Christopher
Published: August 2020

First-generation college students (FGCS) have less academic capital and lower odds of obtaining a bachelor's degree than their non-FGCS peers. This study was designed to evaluate potential differences between these groups in physical activities—linked to learning and cognition—and their role in degree completion. A path model (N=1,625) involving degree completion regressed on physical activities, FGCS status, and background variables fit the data (CFI=0.979, RMSEA=0.055, SRMR=0.010) and accounted for 29.5% of degree completion variance. Walking to school positively predicted degree attainment. FGCS status was associated with less walking to school, lower degree attainment, and higher levels of walking for exercise. A negative indirect effect indicated FGCS status were less likely to finish their degree because they were more likely to take a bus or drive to school. FGCS would like benefit from increased utilization of campus resources, including easier access to fitness centers and more affordable, proximal housing options.
Designing indicators for opening up evaluation. Insights from research assessment
Authors: Rafols Ismael , Stirling Andy
Published: August 2020

The use of indicators is generally associated with a reduction of perspectival diversity in evaluation that often facilitates making decisions along dominant framings – effectively closing down debate. In this chapter we will argue that while this is indeed often the case, indicators can also be used to help support more plural evaluation and foster more productively critical debate. In order to achieve this shift, it is necessary equally to change understandings, forms and uses of indicators in decision making. These shifts involve, first, broadening out the range of ‘inputs’ taken into account; and second, opening up the ‘outputs', in the sense of developing methodologies for indicator-based analyses to help in considering plural perspectives. In practice, this means a move towards more situated and participatory use of quantitative evidence in evaluation, a shift from universal indicators to contextualised indicating.
Thoughts about assessment in undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Shankar Pathiyala Ravi , Upadhyay-Dhungel Kshitiz
Published: August 2020

No abstract available.
Duration of Hospital Stay and Treatment Pattern among Patients Undergoing Common Operative Procedures at tertiary care hospital in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Sanjay , Chaurasia Lokeshwar , Singh Jitendra Kumar
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Appendectomy, cholecystectomy, fistulectomy, and herniotomy or herniorrhaphy are the most common surgical operations in Nepal. Despite the high prevalence and complexity of the patient population served by general and universal surgery services, little has been reported about the services, treatment procedures and outcomes. Therefore, the study is designed to investigate the duration of hospital stay, and treatment pattern among patients undergoing common surgical operative procedures at Janaki Medical College, Janakpur, Nepal.

Material and methods: A prospective observational study was conducted among patients undergoing common surgical operative procedures at surgery department of Janaki Medical College (JMC) over a period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018. Patients of all age groups and gender undergoing surgical operative procedures; appendectomy, herniotomy cholecystectomy and fistulectomy were included in the study. The patients were assessed preoperatively, intra-operatively and postoperatively.

Results: In a total of 325 patients, 11.1% of patients underwent fistulectomy, 14.5% underwent appendectomy, 35.4% underwent herniorrhaphy and 39.1% underwent cholecystectomy. Mean duration of stay at hospital for cholecystectomy was slightly higher (8.13±2.40 days) than other operating procedures: fistulectomy (5.44 ±1.48 days), appendectomy (7.40±2.00 days), and operative procedure of hernia (6.17±1.59 days). Most commonly used antibiotic for control of preoperative and post operative infection was third generation cephalosporin’s, ceftriaxone and cefixime.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates longer duration of hospital stay for cholecystectomy as compared to other operating procedures like fistulectomy, appendectomy, herniorrhaphy, hernioplasty and herniotomy with significant difference by types of surgery. Most commonly used antibiotic for control of infection was third generation cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and cefixime.
Food Selectivity, Mealtime behavior, Weight status and Dietary intake in Children and adolescent with Autism
Authors: Upadhyay-Dhungel Kshitiz , Ghimire Sukriti
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Food selectivity is a common parental concern in childhood that can become problematic and lead to issues such as nutritional deficits that may impair growth and development. Considering the problem of food selectivity and meal time behaviors in the children with autism, this study was undertaken to assess their food selectivity, mealtime behavior problems, nutrient intake and weight status of children and adolescent with autism of Autism Care Nepal Society.

Material and methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in Autism children and adolescent aged 3-19 years in Autism Care Nepal Society. The sampling method was purposive sampling by total enumeration method. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data using a face-to-face interview. Data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Descriptive analysis was done to determine the socio-demographic characteristics. Chi-square test was done to determine the association of different independent variables with the BMI.

Results: Out of 70 participants, 49 were male and 29 females. Among 70 participants, about 4% individuals were underweight, 39% normal and 57% were overweight or obese (≥85th percentile). Out of this 36% were obese (≥95th percentile). Out of 70 participants, 36 individuals (51.43%) were food selective while 34 individuals (48.57%) were not food selective that 51.43% of autism children and teenagers do not have problematic meal time behavior while 48.57% of them have problematic meal time behavior.

Conclusion: There was no significant association between age, gender, family income, physical activity, food selectivity and mealtime behavior with BMI (p>0.05) among autistic children. However, food selectivity of the autistic participants showed a significant association with obesity. There was significant difference in mean calorie intake by all the age groups than the calorie set intake by Indian council of Medical Research (ICMR) as p-value was <0.05 in all age group.
Prey quantity affects development, survival and reproductive attributes of Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 under laboratory conditions
Authors: Bista Mahadev
Published: August 2020

This study assessed development, survival and reproductive parameters of a ladybird beetle, Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 on different quantities (viz. scarce, optimum and abundant) of the bean aphid prey, Aphis craccivora under laboratory conditions (27 ±1°C; 65 ±5% relative humidity and 14 light: 10 dark hours photoperiod). The pre-oviposition period was the shortest (6.40 ±0.40 days) on abundant prey and longest (9.20±0.49 days) on scarce prey. The oviposition period significantly increased with increasing prey quantity, being longest (55.10 ±1.75 days) on abundant prey and shortest (38.50 ±2.14 days) on scarce prey. Lifetime fecundity and egg viability were recorded the highest (1604.10 ±45.61 eggs and 90.82 ±0.80%, respectively) on abundant diet and lowest (794.60 ±30.84 eggs and 82.72 ±0.67%, respectively) on scarce diet. Reproductive rate, reproductive time ratio, longevity of male and female were all highest, i.e. 29.20 ±0.61 egg/day, 3.70 ±0.26, 65.80 ±1days and 70.30 ±1.30 days, respectively on abundant diet. These parameters were lowest, i.e. 20.90 ±0.83 eggs/day, 1.95 ±0.16, 58.80 ±1.60 days and 56.20 ±1.75 respectively on scarce diet. Development was fastest on abundant prey followed by optimum and slowest on scarce prey. Percentage pupation, percent adult emergence, developmental rate, growth index and generation survival were all highest, i.e. 84.00 ±3.68%, 79.00 ±4.09%, 0.077 ±0.00 day-1, 3.50 ±0.19 day-1, 0.54 ±0.05, respectively when larvae were reared on abundant prey. The same parameters were lowest, i.e. 65.00 ±04.79%, 57.00 ±4.99%, 0.062 ±0.001 day-1, 10.46 ±0.11 day-1, 0.25 ±0.0, respectively on scarce prey. It may therefore be concluded that the availability of abundant prey enhances developmental and reproductive parameters of C. transversalis, and abundant diet of aphid prey may be used for better mass culture of ladybird beetles in laboratories for augmentative biological control of aphids.
Age-dependent growth responses to climate from trees in Himalayan treeline
Authors: Tiwari Achyut
Published: August 2020

Tree rings provide an important biological archive for climate history in relation to the physiological mechanism of tree growth. Higher elevation forests including treelines are reliable indicators of climatic changes, and tree growth at most elevational treelines are sensitive to temperature at moist regions, while it is sensitive to moisture in semi-arid regions. However, there has been very less pieces of evidence regarding the age-related growth sensitivity of high mountain tree species. This study identified the key difference on the growth response of younger (<30 years of age) and older (>30 years) Abeis spectabilis trees from treeline ecotone of the Trans-Himalayan region in central Nepal. The adult trees showed a stronger positive correlation with precipitation (moisture) over juveniles giving the evidence of higher demand of water for adult trees, particularly in early growth seasons (March to May). The relationship between tree ring width indices and mean temperature was also different in juveniles and adult individuals, indicating that the juveniles are more sensitive to temperature whereas the adults are more sensitive to moisture availability. It is emphasized that the age-dependent growth response to climate has to be considered while analyzing the growth-climate relationship of high mountain tree populations.
Evidence of bhellar (Trewia nudiflora) seed dispersal by chital (Axis axis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Khadka Bed Bahadur , Lamichhane Babu Ram
Published: August 2020

In riverine forest of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Bhellar or trewia (Trewia nudiflora) is one of the most abundant tree species. Similarly, chital (Axis axis) is the most abundant and widely distributed deer species. We documented the potential role of chital in seed dispersal of trewia tree in Chitwan. We observed the trewia seeds regurgitated by chital at the Gharial Conservation and Breeding Center (GCBC), Kasara, Chitwan. The trewia seeds were recorded the following morning of the chital sheltering the GCBC. A detailed study is suggested to understand trewia the seed germination success and trewia-chital relationship.
THE FLAVONOID AND ALKALOID CONTENT OF CYCLOSORUS PARASITICUS (LINN.) FARWELL FERNS AT THE PLANTATION AREAS OF JEMBER REGENCY
Authors: Setyati Dwi , Sulistiyowati Hari , Erizcy Monica Paulina , Ratnasari Tri
Published: August 2020

Cyclosorusparasiticus(Linn.) Farwell is one potential medicinal ferns. The plant contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and alkaloids. This study aims to determine the flavonoid and alkanoidofCyclosorusparasiticus (Linn.) Farwell in three plantation areas ofÂ  Jember Regency. Plant samples were collected from Mount Gumitir coffee plantations, Pine Garahan Village and rubber and cocoa plantations in Tancak in Jember. Samples of stemsÂ  and leaves were dried at room temperature and then blended to obtain a powder. One gram of powder samples was macerated in 90 ml of methanol for 3x24 hours then was concentrated with an evaporator to obtain a crude extract. The crude extract was tested qualitatively for flavonoids and alkaloids by the WillstÃ¤tter and Dragendorff methods followed by quantitatively tests with Spectrophotometric. The results showed thatboth flavonoids and alkaloids were found in stem and leavesof Cyclosorusparasiticus (Linn) Farwell growing at three research locations. The flavonoids and alkaloidsin content found in leaveswas higher than those in stem organs. The leaves of Cyclosorusparasiticus (Linn) Farwell in Gumitir contain the highest flavonoids and alkaloidscontentsthan those in Tancak.
THE DNA SEQUENCE ENCODING GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (GAPC) ENZYME ON TUNTUN ANGIN PLANT (ELAEOCARPUS FLORIBUNDUS BI)
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani , Hairima Hestia , Herman Herman , Lestari Wahyu
Published: August 2020

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapC) is an enzyme involved in glycolysis. The expression of this gene tends to abundant in eukaryotic cells, so this gene is frequently used as an internal control in gene expression analysis. This research aims to isolate the DNA sequence of the GapC gene from tuntun angin (Elaeocarpus floribundus BI). Methods included a collection of the leaves from Kajuik Lake, Riau Province then the DNA extraction, electrophoresis, amplification of partial DNA sequence of GapC gene, cloning and sequencing. The DNA sequence was analyzed using the BLASTn program and MEGA6 software. The GapC sequence obtained in this study was 933 bp in size, consisting of four introns and five exons, and encoding 137 deduced amino acids. The BLASTn analysis showed that the sequence has 89.84%-90.16% similarity to other species of Cunoniaceae family, such as species from the genus of Spiraeanthemum and Codia. The parsial sequence of E. floribundus GapC gene was more resemble the one of Spiraeanthemum than Codia genus. The GapC sequence obtained in this study was the first reported from the Elaeocarpaceae family. This sequence has the opportunity to serve as an internal control after validation.
IDENTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) IN NORTH SUMATERA
Authors: Kardhinata Emmy Harso , Purba Edison , Suryanto Dwi , Rusmarilin Herla
Published: August 2020

The study of identification and inventory of cassava accessions was done from August to September 2014 in four districts based on their potential as a center for cassava cultivation, namely Simalungun, Serdang Bedagai, Deli Serdang, Langkat Regency representing the lowlands and Simalungun and Karo Regency representing the highlands. Each district was selected 3 subdistricts and each subdistrict was surveyed 3 villages randomly through the accidental sampling method. Guidance on identifying morphological characters was used by reference from Fukuda, et al. (2010) by giving a score for each character observed. The results of the study obtained 8 genotypes with their respective codes and local names; 1) Sawit (G1), 2) Lampung (G2), 3) Merah (G3), 4) Adira-1 (G4), 5) Kalimantan (G5), 6) Malaysia (G6), 7) Roti (G7) and 8) Klanting (G8). The most common genotype found in the location were Malaysia and Adira-1, while the rarest was Merah. The yield potential at the age of 10 months were Sawit (26,9â€“30,1 tons/ha), Lampung (29,6â€“52,6 tons/ha), Merah (54â€“61,6tons/ha), Adira-1 (34,8â€“55,0 tons/ha),Â  Kalimantan (15,8â€“64,2 tons/ha), Malaysia (32,9â€“64,3 tons/ha), , Roti (24,7â€“55,5 tons/ha), and Klanting (327,4â€“49,8 tons/ha).
MAPPING OF CONSERVATION AREA PLAN IN NORTH POLOMBANGKENG DISTRICT, TAKALAR REGENCY
Authors: Fajeriana Nurul , Abd Kadir Muhammad Arifin
Published: August 2020

North Polombangkeng District is one of the districts in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, where 44% of the total land area of 9495 ha out of 21225 ha are steeply sloped areas. Therefore we need a policy direction on the arrangement of the use of conservation areas to support the sustainability of the existing environment in the form of mapping conservation area plans. This study uses a soil survey method and evaluation of land capability. Physical Factors the environment is a limiting factor in determining land use policy, namely slope factors, soil sensitivity to erosion, and rainfall intensity. The research shows that Barugayya Village, Towata Village, and Kampung Baru Village are included in class IV land grade classification and Ko'mara Village in Class VI. At the same time, the Scoring Assessment of Physical Environmental Factors in Forest Areas has a range of values ranging from 160 to 215, the area of which is planned to be a conservation area. Determination of Conservation Area refers to the function criteria of forest area based on the scoring System of the Minister of Agriculture Regulation in Minister of Agriculture Decree No. 837/Kits/Um/11/80.
Analysis of Air Pollution Levels in DKI Jakarta Province Using the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System Method
Authors: Dirgantara Akmal , Fauzi Ahmad , Ginabila Ginabila
Published: August 2020

This study aims to measure the level of air pollution determined by pollutant gases contained in the air. Pollutants that measure air pollution are PM10 (Special Material), SO2 (Sulfur), NO2 (Nitrogen Oxide), CO (Carbon Monoxide, O3 (Ozone), and NO2 (Nitrogen Oxide), which are related to vehicle use and, according to the choice this pollutant threshold, we will discuss the level of air pollution with the fuzzy mamdani inference method. The results of the pollutant threshold study will then be applied to the rules / rules that are applied using the if-then rules and then the input variables are arranged using weighted averages, variable averages weighted will be determined higher into three levels: low, medium and high.Keywords Decision Tree, Feature Selection, Optimization of Lecturer Assistant Performance, Particle Swarm Optimization.