bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potentials and challenges of brownfield development for urban regeneration in Dhaka: The case of Hazaribagh tannery area
Authors: Islam Nabanita , Esa Abrar Khan N. M.
Published: July 2024

Brownfield development has remained a widely discussed and practised tool for urban regeneration since 1992. In the context of South Asian cities, particularly those with higher rates of urbanisation, increasing population density and land scarcity, brownfield development can be considered as a potential solution for urban regeneration and inner city expansion in order to achieve better livability and sustainability. The utilisation of potential of such practice, however, is rare in this region and in most cases Western precedents are followed, which vary widely in terms of complex socio-economic and cultural variables and land use policies from the context of this region. This paper aims to examine the issue of applicability of brownfield development in the case of Dhaka city. In light of a recent decision by the Government of Bangladesh to relocate the tannery industries from Hazaribagh, one of the prime industrial zones located within the city, this research attempts to explore the possibilities and contextual challenges of developing this as a brownfield site. The paper is based on archival research and case study conducted through a design studio exercise whereby the authors attempted to project a number of recommendations based on a set of identified issues.
Managing airport positioning dynamics in the private sector
Authors: Bradley Neil , Clayton Edward , Fairbanks Michael
Published: July 2024

The development of airports in the past has been strongly influenced by the inter-government bilateral air transport agreements. However, increasingly liberal agreements between governments, and in the case of the European Union, the almost complete abolition of restrictions on flights, fares and service frequencies means that airports are provided with both new opportunities, and also challenges, in their positioning. Airports can respond to these challenges in a number of ways, depending on the type of traffic they have. It is important that airport management is aware of the changes facing them, and use this awareness to respond effectively to the demands of airlines and passengers.
The new trust imperative
Authors: Peigh Terry D. , Bowen Adam
Published: July 2024

In 2009, IPG saw a need to help their clients get a better understanding of exactly how consumers around the world were dealing with the many new channels providing product information. No longer was it a matter of a consumer learning about a product from just a print ad or a television commercial. In a very short period of time, the consumer was also confronted with product information served to them via websites, blogs, numerous social sites, price and comparison sites, mobile platforms, and from their friends down the street. IPG wanted to know and share with their clients how consumers were coping with all this new information. Was the additional volume of product information overwhelming and leading to frustration? How did it affect their confidence in the product? Was all this information consumed enjoyable and rewarding? Was the consumer inclined to share what they were learning? With these questions in hand, IPG began their New Realities programme — a research programme, now with its fourth wave of data — that covers several key countries: US, China, Brazil, India, Russia and England. In the most recent survey, IPG also uncovered the emergence of a very powerful requirement for that information — the demand for total trust. This paper will review how today’s consumers are changing in their consumption of information, and compare that against their pressing need for information that is highly trusted. As part of that, we will review our research that dissects what goes into a trust evaluation by a consumer — exactly what is considered when a consumer goes about making a decision to trust or not trust. Importantly, we will show how this ‘trust measure’ needs to be influenced by communications tools and the right consumer information. In total, we see this information as critically valuable in learning about the ever-changing needs of today’s consumer, and in designing marketing and marketing communications programmes that respond to this new reality.
Designing elegant metadata
Authors: Lemieux Stephanie , Whitehead Romney
Published: July 2024

The advancement of digital asset management technologies, the need for integrated content systems and the huge proliferation of digital assets require equal advancements in the design and use of metadata to manage those assets. Alongside this, the importance of metadata within businesses is now being recognised as equal to content. To leverage their metadata, organisations must ensure the data are well organised, well managed, adopted and owned. Finding the perfect middle ground between simple systems and basic tags, through to complex multifunctional and multidimensional metadata management is challenging. The many difficulties can result in metadata being neglected and end users becoming disengaged. Creating elegant metadata means designing solutions that balance complex needs in a simple yet powerful way, thus making them more effective. This paper will discuss the ways in which metadata can be made elegant, and in turn become a valuable tool for users and business. To support the adoption and use of metadata, the paper also discusses how to avoid common pitfalls associated with the creation of metadata.
Exploring the relationships among internet celebrities’ characteristics, content creation and influence
Authors: Yang Yung-Ching , Chiang I-Ping , Chen Ying-Ying , Hou Kuan-Yu
Published: July 2024

Social media platforms have become modern people’s entertainment, and they can even purchase products through social platforms. Therefore, this study has a more in-depth discussion, in the internet celebrity marketing, which measurement items in the type, characteristics, content and product types of the internet celebrity can effectively measure the marketing effect. This study takes as the observation object that has watched the endorsement videos or posts of internet celebrities. Using sample data obtained via an online survey, the study employs multidimensional scaling to explore the different marketing associations formed by the celebrities’ characteristics, content and influence under different product types. The study finds that the perception of internet celebrity characteristics and the perception of shopping guide effectiveness are in different groups in each perceptual graph. The results indicate that the characteristics of internet celebrities are mostly not directly affected to the effect of shopping guide. However, the study found that audiences over the age of 40 have more purchasing power than audiences of other age groups. Male audiences have stronger purchase intention among the search products endorsed by Beauty Wu and experience products endorsed by Joeman. Female audiences are more likely to purchase or trust products endorsed by Joeman. This research is of benefit to scholars in the field of influencer marketing and also provides marketing professionals with practical marketing methods.
Funding air cargo facilities: Getting the best value for money
Authors: Muscatello Daniel B. , Arthur Don
Published: July 2024

One of the most difficult challenges facing airports today is the allocation of financial resources across a variety of competing business segments, which are often difficult to prioritise. Since 1990, airports have become increasingly aware of the potential that air cargo offers for both job generation and revenue enhancement, and they have therefore increased their focus on this component of their operations. Nevertheless, the cargo segment of the industry remains below the executive management radar at most airports. The following narrative is split into two primary sections that hopefully shed some light on both issues and options. The first section discusses some of the primary planning considerations and development trends, and the second explores the various methods of financing that can be and have been applied in public and private initiatives.
Moving forward with B2B wire transfers: How banks can create value for their corporate clients
Authors: Farrar Hank , Hargraves Lauren
Published: July 2024

Near the end of 2010, the Fedwire Funds service and CHIPS will introduce new message formats that pave the way for corporations to achieve straight-through processing for US$ wire transfers. Compatible with both the ISO 20022 and ANSI 820 STP business remittance data elements, the new formats will include sufficient structured remittance information so that the information can flow efficiently from payments origination to posting in a corporation's accounts receivable system. Statistical research demonstrates that corporations strongly support this new message format. This new format provides an opportunity for corporations, banks and their technology partners to work together to reap the benefits of this valuable change.
The position of individuals in regulatory investigations: A changing landscape
Authors: Wilkes Guy , Kean Francis
Published: July 2024

More attention is now being given to taking effective enforcement action against executives and senior individuals in the financial services industry both in the UK and overseas, with a noticeable similarity of approach between the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and US regulators. In contrast, the UK’s Serious Fraud Office (SFO) is increasingly turning its attention towards prosecution of corporates. This paper considers FCA and SFO investigation powers, particularly in relation to interviews of both subjects of investigation and witnesses. The paper also reviews recent changes to FCA and SFO processes and the impact that may have on senior employees and executives. The authors discuss how companies and individuals can prepare for future investigations and in particular how individuals can ensure that the costs of legal representation are covered either by their employer or insurers. They also set out the nature and some pitfalls of management liability insurance.
Interoperability in incident command
Authors: Severson Katherine
Published: July 2024

Galvanised by the increasing complexity in managing incidents of mass violence and mass casualty, the emergency response agencies in Calgary, Canada identified the need to develop research-based policies, establish common strategies/ tactics and conduct more joint training across all hazards. By identifying the challenges with initial command, coordination and control activities at scene, the Calgary first-responder community designed and implemented an integrated training programme to support interoperability between front-line incident commanders and supervisors. The training programme was created to address the differences in each respective agency’s policies, procedures and cultures that can be barriers to integrating into a single incident management structure or unified command. Using features of interoperability like shared situational awareness and joint risk assessment, and applying the concepts into tactics like rescue taskforce, the training is building critical command relationships for the future. This training has further expanded into a programme with joint policy and procedure development, incident debriefings, expanded exercises, and tactic specific training. This paper describes how the members of Calgary’s first-responder community are stepping beyond their silos of excellence and unifying their planning, preparedness and response programme.
Lessons for the Irish Government on Basel II and accounting failures
Authors: Flynn Gerald , Butler Cormac
Published: July 2024

This paper identifies misconceptions among bankers, risk managers, accountants and government officials on the importance of operational risk (or more precisely regulatory risk) and its contribution to the 2007 banking crises. Attention is focused on Ireland where a number of initiatives such as a bank guarantee system and the setting of a National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) to buy troubled assets along with other schemes have failed to resolve the banking collapse that Ireland is still experiencing. The role of the EU along with the European Central Bank and their contribution to the financial breakdown are examined along with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the Basel II and III rules. The paper concludes that initiatives such as the IFRS along with flaws in the Basel II rules contributed to the crisis, the former because it disguised insolvency, the latter because it interfered with the dynamics of supply and demand, creating an oversupply of cheap loans to certain sectors. Generous tax breaks and increased government spending also played their part. As a result of the misunderstanding and regulations, the 2008 guarantee offered by the Irish Government to Irish banks was flawed in practice in the case of Ireland and the decision to set up a ‘bad bank’ was deeply defective. Intervention from the EU continues, the lack of consistency is now becoming more clear but there remains the risk that if the Irish Government and EU fail to tackle the fault lines, Irish banks will continue to operate sub-optimally with severe consequences for the Irish economy.
Non-verbal communication: The biggest brand-building asset in modern marketing
Authors: Fielding Daryl
Published: July 2024

There are new critical success factors in the modern world of marketing, which is defined by multiple touch points with customers and a variety of protocols in many channels. This is altering the role of the CMO and requiring a shift of marketing’s focus away from messaging and towards non-verbal communication. The CMO’s role is to first define the clearest of brand strategies, and then lead the whole organisation to deliver the brand. The second critical success factor is to build the brand by means of congruent non-verbal equities, as opposed to a focus on verbally based messaging about the brand's unique selling proposition. Brands need to identify, define and leverage the following non-verbal equities: (1) Resonant visual assets while eliminating the clutter of any minor irrelevant ones; (2) Tone of voice; (3) The attitude and emotion that best serve the brand; (4) Brand behaviour, namely what the brand will talk about and what it will and will not do; (5) The sounds and soundtrack of the brand; (6) If relevant, what smell the brand will own. In each case, working out exactly how to execute these aspects is more than half the battle. And, of course, they must be congruent with each other and the brand strategy.
Urban regeneration in Qatar: A comprehensive planning strategy for the transport oriented development of Al-Waab
Authors: Alattar Deema Anwar , Furlan Raffaello
Published: July 2024

Since the 1970s the State of Qatar has witnessed a radical transformation from fishing and pearling to an oil based economy. The nation is also developing a multifaceted economy. This vision has encouraged Qatar to implement a rapid improvement of: (a) its national infrastructure (roadways and public transit systems) and (b) Doha’s built environment. In turn, this urban transformation has caused: (i) high population growth, (ii) an increase in car ownership and (iii) disorderly urban growth, or sprawls, which are causing major environmental, social and economic problems. In 2009, Qatar’s National Vision (QNV-2030) was finalised with the main goal of defining the strategies for the progress of Qatar, in order to allow the country to be able to: (i) sustain its own needs, (ii) provide high standards of living for the current inhabitants as well as for its future generations and (iii) focus on economic, environmental, human and social development (the ‘four pillars’ from QNV-2030). In order to align with QNV-2030, the 2013 Qatar Rail Development Program (QRDP) envisioned the execution of a modern metro system: a network consisting of four main lines and 100 train stations. Concurrently, Qatar National Master Plan supports the adoption of urban planning strategies toward reducing the use of cars and the proliferation of sprawls through the regeneration and development of urban villages around transit systems, also named as ‘Transit Oriented Developments’ (TODs). This paper focuses on the case of the vital transit village of Al-Waab. The exploration focuses on: (i) a review of the relevant literature, (ii) an analysis of the site and (iii) the formulation of an integrated planning-strategy for the regeneration and development of Al-Waab’s TOD. The recommended approach for Al-Waab’s TOD is based on: (a) creating a compact, mixed use urban village, (b) providing sustainable multimodal transportation systems, (c) minimising cars’ use and (d) preserving cultural values (ie religion).
`Jigsaw Cities: Big Places, Small Spaces` by Anne Power and John Houghton
Authors: Higgins Marilyn
Published: July 2024

Jigsaw Cities: Big Places, Small Spaces; Authors: Anne Power and John Houghton; Reviewer: Max Nathan. Urban Design Futures; Authors: Malcolm Moor and Jon Rowland; Reviewer: Marilyn Higgins.
Changing the treatment of sovereign exposures in banking regulation: A market impact assessment
Authors: Gereben Áron
Published: July 2024

While many efforts have been made recently by the EU to prevent spill-overs of banking crises to the fiscal domain, potential contagion from sovereigns to banks is yet to be addressed by public policy. This study provides a quantitative impact assessment of a potential tightening in the banking regulatory framework of sovereign exposures within the EU, either in the form of large exposure limits or non-zero risk weights. Such a shift in regulation would require a large portfolio rebalancing for the banking sector in the euro area, and would lead to large excess supply on government bond markets, as well as leading to potentially sizable impact on long-term yields. The impact on banks and bond markets in the non-euro area EU economies are also found to be sizable, while in these countries the adjustment would not be supported by common risk-sharing mechanisms.
Ensuring business continuity for business process outsourcing companies
Authors: Luzuriaga Jonathan De
Published: July 2024

The outsourcing of services, often from developed countries to their developing counterparts, has been one of the main engines of global growth in the 21st century. Growth and expansion, the necessary next step for many thriving enterprises, may prove to be a key factor for ensuring the continued existence of the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines — an industry that spans many sectors and forms the backbone of the entire economy. BPO encompasses a wide range of specialised skills, including voice-assisted customer service, finance and accounting, human resources, IT tasks, software development, IT and data centre operations, engineering design, architectural design, gaming and animation, to name but a few. Since the BPO industry began to take off in 2000, the number of firms involved in the Philippines has grown to at least 500. As of 2008, the industry employs some 400,000 skilled professionals from various disciplines and has earned total revenues of US$6.8bn.
Analytic transformation: How to profit from a data deluge
Authors: Bughin Jacques , Macias-Lizaso Gloria
Published: July 2024

Contrary to popular belief, companies are not suffering from a lack of data but a lack of institutional capabilities to transform data into higher profits. To secure the greatest returns from a company’s data requires analytic transformation — this paper describes the key elements.
Diversification effects in operational risk: A robust approach
Authors: Monti Fabio , Brunner Michael , Piacenza Fabio , Bazzarello Davide
Published: July 2024

Both the Basel II regulation for banks and the planned Solvency II directive for insurance companies allow institutions to reduce the operational risk capital in their internal model when they can demonstrate the existence of diversification effects. This paper shows how an institution can directly derive the dependency structure between operational risk cells from internal loss data in a realistic setting. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the institution can, in a statistically sound manner, prove that the effect of diversification on the capital charge is taken into account in a conservative way. The presented approach should therefore allow an institution to reduce its overall operational risk capital due to diversification effects. As all parameters are derived from data already known to companies, using an operational risk model based on internal loss data (loss distribution approach), the concurrent implementation effort is relatively small. The derivation of correlation parameters is demonstrated using internal loss data from UniCredit Group. The resulting effect on the overall capital at risk is shown on the basis of a simplified loss distribution approach.
The use of self-directed learning among immigrants to access online educational resources
Authors: Orozco Luis E.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a phenomenological study focusing on understanding the experiences of how well-educated immigrants use their self-directed learning (SDL) capacity to access online educational resources to regain economic status. Our framework assumes that highly educated immigrants face accreditation and language barriers. To counteract this situation, immigrants use their self-directed learning capacity to look for and access online learning resources to acquire education including language skills. Using a phenomenology qualitative approach, three immigrants were interviewed to understand how they used their self-directed learning to access educational resources, The finding suggests that immigrants in a host country face challenges such as accreditation and language barriers, which become some of the trigger elements that foster their SDL approach to look for online educational resources. Specific examples of the use of SDL were found during the analysis. Practitioners, government and local support organisations can use the results to provide immigrants access to online educational resources.
Financial inclusion accelerated: How real-time payments are bringing millions into the economic fold
Authors: Kapron Zennon
Published: July 2024

When real-time payments were first launched, the potential impact on the financial industry was not very clear. Today, banks have developed new business models and innovation to leverage value for their customers. Real-time payments have also significantly impacted financial inclusion, giving the underbanked access to a variety of new products and services all enabled by real-time payments.
Lessons learned, mistakes made, advice given and suggested future improvements after more than 50 years as a building surveyor
Authors: Winstone Paul
Published: July 2024

When Paul Winstone first qualified as a chartered surveyor over 50 years ago, there was no requirement from the RICS to undertake continuing professional development. Surveyors were limited to providing professional services for which they were suitably qualified. Fortunately, Paul’s company gave him the opportunity to develop expertise and specialise, first in asbestos, then health and safety, and latterly defects analysis leading to expert witness requirements. As he looks back in retirement over a lifetime of experience, he argues that those in his privileged position owe it to the wider surveying community who do not have the corporate benefits of in-house training to disseminate the valuable lessons gained.
A new model for optimal advertising impression allocation across consumer segments
Authors: Rubinson Joel , Morley Neil B. , Bakapoulos Vassilis , Vermut Marc
Published: July 2024

With conflicting recommendations and marketer practices about advertising impression allocation approaches (ie ‘the media strategy’), from approaches centred on reach (‘go broad’) versus targeting (‘get specific’), the debate rages on: ‘Are marketers targeting too much, not enough, or simply targeting the wrong consumers with their advertising?’ This paper interprets the issue of targeting as an advertising impression allocation question and instead of leading with case study evidence which by its nature is parochial, uses a novel mathematical approach to create an ad impression allocation model based on probability of choice. This contrasts with broad reach strategies and is different from other targeting schemes, eg key demographic, high lifetime value consumers, non-buyers for conquest, proprietary segments of interest. The findings suggest that targeting Movable Middles, ie those with a 20–80 per cent probability of choosing the brand of interest, can lead to 50 per cent improvement in return on ad spending (ROAS) versus broad reach media plans. The results are then supported with two in a large scale market case study. The Movable Middle, a segment of category buyers with a 20–80 per cent probability of choosing a brand, are shown to generate 2–23 times more ROAS than other category buyers who are mostly non-buyers of a brand. This pattern was uncovered mathematically but then subsequently verified empirically. By shifting about 10 per cent of ad impressions to audiences that have high concentrations of Movable Middles, a typical 10 per cent share brand can expect a 50 per cent improvement in campaign ROAS and a 13 per cent improvement in converting non-buyers. This leads to better serving brand needs for both quarterly sales and for long-term growth via customer acquisition. This new media strategy is not just limited to digital campaigns; it can be implemented across any media channel, including linear TV, radio and print.
How to use AI to shape efficient digital and omnichannel experiences
Authors: O’Niel Jeremy
Published: July 2024

This paper delves into the growing significance of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming financial services and improving customer experience. Using AI, financial institutions can elevate their omnichannel approach, ensuring a seamless and personalised customer journey across a diverse set of interactions. AI has the potential to forecast financial behaviours, assist in prudent financial management, and provide predictive solutions to pre-empt issues such as overdrafts or late payments. The analysis emphasises the essence of service in the financial sector, advocating for AI-powered tools, like conversational chatbots, advanced fraud protection capabilities, as well as financial education and personalisation. By leveraging natural language processing and machine learning, these tools not only react to customer queries but also proactively engage, ensuring enhanced customer service in line with evolving expectations. AI’s capabilities in creating personalised customer experiences through dynamic visual and audio content point to a more tailored future for customer journeys. The challenge, however, remains in balancing AI with the human touch. For organisations, it is pivotal to start small with AI and omnichannel experiences, prioritising incremental changes that bring immediate value.
Contamination and remediation: The impact upon a construction project
Authors: Haines Matthew
Published: July 2024

A recent project suffered a six and a half week delay, with associated costs of circa £300,000 in variations. This was due to the discovery of cyanide contained within ‘blue billy’ slag materials at the site. This paper seeks to review the definition of contamination, the risks a developer faces and also the process that must be followed once such a discovery is made. The key elements reviewed relate to site selection, defining contamination, remediation, risk management and legislation.
Are we facing European CCP interoperability regulation?
Authors: De Meijer Carlo R. W.
Published: July 2024

Towards the end of 2009, the regulatory authorities unexpectedly blocked plans by UK, Dutch and Swiss-based central counterparties (CCPs) to interoperate. They feared that linking multiple CCPs together would create a significant risk to the wider financial system. In a joint letter, the regulators outlined their position on interoperability, in an effort to allay fears about systemic risks and inject fresh competition into the market. This statement was the first sign of how regulators believed the process of ‘interoperability’ could move ahead. The new approach — published high-level in the joint letter — has been agreed by market authorities in conjunction with the European Commission. Although the main pan-European CCPs expressed their support for the proposed framework and their intention to work to establish a model that mitigates any additional risks likely to be introduced in compliance with the new requirements, there is still little sign of early consensus. The differences in thinking between firms are so ingrained that without the regulators taking a more prescriptive line there is a risk that interoperability is simply not going to happen. A new regulation, informally referred to as European Market Infrastructure Legislation (EMIL), is expected to materialise in 2010 and will enter into force in 2012. It is likely to regulate the way CCPs operate. CCP inter­operability for cash equities will potentially be included. In a recently published Discussion Paper, the European Commission said that a future legislative framework may need to take an explicit stance on some of the issues currently under consideration. This could include: the options for managing inter-CCP exposures that are currently under consideration; issues related to rehypothecation; and requesting that relevant competent authorities/ESMA determine whether the risk parameters of the CCPs are compatible with interoperability operating in a safe manner prior to coming into effect.
Comparative testing of hydraulic lime and OPC mortar mixes
Authors: Hetherington Stephen
Published: July 2024

In recent years there has been in increasing trend towards the use of hydraulic lime-based mortars within the construction industry, especially in low-rise domestic dwelling — due in part to their sustainable credentials. However, the construction industry has, until recent times, solely relied upon the use of Portland cement-based mortars and the introduction of lime-based mortars has added another dimension to the choice of binder and mortar specification to use. This limited comparative study is designed to clarify the relative merits of the two binder types in terms of their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and porosity. The study was conducted using three different binder to aggregated designations: 1 part binder to 3 parts sand, 1 part binder to 6 parts sand and 1 part binder to 8 parts sand. The binder designations were chosen to give a range of different mortar types that are commonly used in the industry. A constant mass of aggregate was used and the proportion of ‘binder to be added’ calculated to give the desired ratios. This was done to enable greater control and consistency over the workability of each mix when adding the water.
Translating user needs into high-quality real estate solutions aligned with today's business drivers: Prominent CRE executives responsible for global portfolios provide insights and best practices
Authors: Paratte Robert
Published: July 2024

As today's corporate real estate (CRE) executives face mounting pressure to deliver inspiring workplaces that enhance recruitment and retention, they also encounter a myriad of complicated business challenges. These factors, coupled with a new definition of workplace quality, necessitate creating new approaches for planning and execution that engage user groups and service providers in dynamic partnerships. This paper shares the perspectives of a select group of seasoned CRE executives responsible for developing and implementing real estate strategies for global companies occupying millions of square feet. It provides specific examples of how each has evolved planning at the macro level to enhance portfolio optimisation and at the micro level to deliver specific workplace solutions. The research approach employed in the preparation of this paper was the qualitative interview method. It was used to gain insight into the experiences of CRE executives and to provide clear understanding of the current business drivers presenting challenges to planning and how each individual is responding to them. Questions were tailored to obtain a detailed account from each interviewee including specific examples that illustrate key points. Companies featured include Viacom, WPP, Interpublic Group, Wells Fargo and Gensler.
A ‘Digital Euro’ as an approach for frictionless payment processes
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

Digitalisation is changing the way we think of money and payment architectures in the 21st century. Within global competition, economic benefits for the consumers and corporates in terms of convenience and efficiency will be the benchmark for success. App-based solutions with strong brands and centralised payment platforms proliferate, while Europe has a fragmented landscape of various elements for fully digitalised payment processes. Frictionless payment processes could be facilitated by a ‘Digital Euro’ as an interface between digital (and more and more automated) payment initiation at the front-end level and real-time processing and settlement at the back end. Such an approach could provide an end-to-end cross-industry synchronisation of processes with payment automation as an integral solution. This paper discusses a special case machine-to-machine payment in the Internet-of-Thing payments at the ‘edge of networks’, as they could generate a tremendous volume of ‘localised’ transactions that require dedicated solutions compared with networks with their principal overhead.
New Heathrow Garden City: Early proposals and visioning
Authors: Cheesbrough Heather
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the initial visioning, process and drivers behind the concept of a ‘New Heathrow Garden City’ and how the principles of the original Garden City movement can evolve to address 21st-century issues of housing need, infrastructure planning, regeneration, economic development and sustainable development. The current planning position of Heathrow airport is discussed within the context of a vacuum of sub-regional authority and how surrounding local authorities directly affected by Heathrow are joining forces to collaborate to plan and address issues of air quality, surface access transport, noise pollution and the economic impact on the surrounding population.
Understanding customer preferences for airport access: Implications for forecasting
Authors: Jevons David , Hoe Thomas , Shepherd Matthew
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the creation of a model to forecast the demand for, and revenue from, travel on the Heathrow Express services between London Heathrow and central London. The construction of the model, based on a survey of passengers at Heathrow and statistical analysis of these survey data, is described, including the data collection and analytical methodology. The paper concludes with insights from the survey data and the analysis.
Building strong partnerships with your faculty: A collaborative approach to effective fundraising
Authors: Galbaugh Traci , White Lauren
Published: July 2024

External university partnerships rely on the internal faculties’ innovative thinking to deliver on their research programmes and ideas supported by the external partner’s funding. Likewise, development officers (DOs) often say their most important relationship is with the faculty members at their institution. Yet when asked privately, faculty and DOs are often candid about the hurdles they face in their relationships with one another. Unsurprisingly, this tension can be counterproductive when both parties are trying to work towards one goal of fundraising for the faculty member’s work. As a counter measure, UC Davis Foundation and Corporate Giving team, of which this paper’s two authors are a part have developed tools for the DO to help them build strong long-term partnerships with their faculty that are based on professional expertise, trust and respect. These tools illustrate the value proposition that a DO brings to the relationship, which sets the foundation for a mutually respectful, productive and successful dynamic between academic stakeholders. The specific guide, while tailored to university DOs who specialise in corporate and foundation fundraising, can readily be adjusted to suit the work of fundraising professionals in other settings. The outcomes of integrating our tools and approaches are better relationships with faculty for the DO, which likely translates into increased private funding for the faculty member.
Examining the future of regulatory reporting for the banking industry
Authors: Visnovsky Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Reporting is an important tool for assessing bank risk profile, financial stability and with respect to the design and conduct of monetary policy. For the banking industry, regulatory reporting is primarily informed by the principle of maximum harmonisation, even though, in practice, banks have to comply with many other requests. Overburden due to reporting clearly calls for more proportionality in the implementation of common reporting in Europe. In this respect, the European Reporting Framework (EFR) could offer a solution, as a long term objective, for a more pragmatic approach to reporting.
Royal Enfield: Preserving and leveraging legacy appeal while revamping brand imagery
Authors: Chaudhary Prashant
Published: July 2024

By the turn of the 21st century, Siddhartha Lal won the opportunity to revive Royal Enfield (RE), the fading iconic motorcycle brand of Eicher Motors. The challenge was to turn around the motorcycle division of Eicher Motors and achieve sustainable growth in sales and market share, while maintaining profitability. Eicher Motors worked on improving the brand performance and perception by modernising the RE bikes, in terms of technological advancements, superior functionality and overall driving experience and feel. With this RE re-emerged as a major player in the mid-size motorcycle segment. Post 2019, however, RE was grappling with decreasing sales and stagnating market share, owing to changing customer expectations and increasing competition in this product category (Table 1). RE now had to work towards extending and enhancing the customer base by wooing the new-generation customers. But this would entail certain modifications in terms of its exceptionally unique brand imagery and association of RE. Although the revamp of RE’s brand imagery and association can appeal to and resonate well with new-generation customers, it might also compromise the cult emotional appeal, established over the decades. Above all, the probability of gaining major headway in new-generation customer base — at the cost of adulterating the legacy ‘cult emotional appeal’ — could be uncertain because of rising competition in this segment and product category. This scenario created a catch-22 situation and RE had to employ strategic options to deal with it. This paper discusses the challenge of infusing freshness into the brand’s image without losing the essence of its legacy.
Winning in social: A blueprint for progressing enterprise social maturity
Authors: Thomas Chris
Published: July 2024

In 2019, enterprise use of social media is past its experimental stage and increasingly focused on effective and efficient execution. Most enterprises possess social programmes that have evolved organically, and are thus fragmented, creating brand and operational risk. From this fragmented base, developing business maturity in social becomes exponentially challenging — as adaptations to organisation, technology infrastructure and operating models are needed to make progress. Enterprises need to define a common set of challenges for ‘next step’ maturation, and a core set of principles to guide and enhance their evolving approach to social media. This paper discusses this evolution, along with the associated challenges and principles.
Airport business interruptions: Developing and applying a scheme for the estimation of resulting cost impacts
Authors: Maertens Sven
Published: July 2024

Even short interruptions of airport operations can have severe financial impacts on the air transport industry, its users and other economic sectors. Some interruptions are limited to single airports (eg infrastructure failure, fires or severe weather events) while those forcing the closure of airspace (eg air-traffic control strikes or volcanic ash) can result in the simultaneous closure of several airports. A systematic assessment of the potential types and economic impacts of interruptions is a fundamental step for risk management towards setting up and implementing business continuity strategies and plans; however, interruptions at airports have not yet been systematically dealt with in the scientific literature. This paper aims to be a starting point towards filling this gap. First, the different types of airport closures are classified by various characteristics, such as type of damage, responsible entity and liability. Secondly, a straightforward scheme is developed for estimating the potential losses due to airport closures from both the airline and airport perspectives. Using a sample interruption scenario, this paper finds that for the airport operator, one day without any services means a loss of 88 per cent of daily revenues, which is not compensated by any noteworthy cost reductions. These results and forthcoming work in this field not only might help airports and airlines to define their needs for business interruption insurances, but also could form the basis for the assessment of the macroeconomic effects of interruptions and a quick estimation or verification of industry-specific losses from a bird's eye perspective.
Best practices in achieving an efficient reconciliation system
Authors: Conway Joseph
Published: July 2024

An efficient reconciliation process can act as a safety net for investment managers' operations areas. Key factors for success include an effective pre-reconciliation data collection and normalisation programme, followed by the adoption and promotion of industry standards to drive down cost and improve timing and frequency of cash, transaction, and position reconciliations. Best practices can set a firm apart from the competition or can satisfy the requirements of an audit or examination. This paper will examine a typical US global asset manager and the related challenges, risks and best practices.
Mission overwatch: Emphasising a Joint One MEDLOG Concept
Authors: VanVactor Jerry D. , Gray Anthony D.
Published: July 2024

Within the US military, when a soldier is injured on the battlefield, they may observe a US Army Medic submitting a nine-line medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) request which is executed by an Air Force para-jumper rescue team that evacuates them to a US Navy medical facility, where they are treated by a US Navy Corpsmen detailed to the US Marines. The injured soldier ultimately receives their care, thanks to a complex evacuation management system, that, if executed correctly, returns the soldier to duty with limited disruption to themselves, family and branch of service. This scenario is not uncommon, yet includes multiple layers of bureaucracy that goes unnoticed and is underpinned by an equally complex logistics system. Medical supplies and equipment used to treat soldiers originate from a number of locations and sources of supply. Historically, each branch of service has its own distinct medical logistics agency through whom all such requirements are identified, communicated and purchased. This paper is concerned with examining the importance of a Joint One MEDLOG Concept.
The COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for financial market infrastructures and the payments ecosystem in the euro area
Authors: Löber Klaus , Papsdorf Patrick
Published: July 2024

Around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a number of challenges for financial market infrastructures (FMIs). This paper explores these issues in the context of payment systems. Given the critical role of FMIs for the functioning of the economy, for financial stability and the conduct of monetary policy, it is vital for central banks and other relevant authorities to monitor and support FMIs during the crisis and beyond to ensure their safe and efficient operations. This paper highlights various key issues for FMIs and considers different forward- looking scenarios and the associated challenges.
Faster payments systems gaining speed in the USA: Expanding scope of services
Authors: Listwan Laura , Kruis Adam
Published: July 2024

The USA has been playing ‘catch-up’ when it comes to establishing accelerated payment systems — but the wheels are beginning to turn faster. The recent introduction of same-day automated clearing house (ACH) payments was a start, but other federal government-led initiatives are also underway, setting the foundation for even faster and more efficient real-time electronic payment capabilities. For example, the Federal Reserve’s Payment Task Force has enumerated both goals and effectiveness criteria for any new real-time payment solutions. At the same time, efforts at creating real-time payments in the USA are also being influenced by regulatory standards, such as those established by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. In one of the most watched developments, The Clearing House’s realtime payments (RTP) platform is scheduled to go live with consumer bill payments and business-tobusiness payments pilots in the first half of 2017. Such developments hold great promise for business users, including improvements in both cash management and supply chain management.
Reflections on the 2020 Nashville Christmas Day bombing
Authors: Holloman Ray , Holloman Alicia
Published: July 2024

On Christmas Day, 2020, the detonation of an explosive device in Nashville, Tennessee resulted in many thousands of homes and businesses losing access to telecommunications services. While pre-established business continuity and disaster recovery plans helped many businesses and organisations recover from the impact and outages, many still suffered extended downtimes due to the lack of redundancies in place. Indeed, for organisations without a backup telecommunication provider, the effect of the bombing was dramatic, with hospitals, urgent care facilities, restaurants and other businesses all suffering major disruption. This paper examines how the various organisations responded and recovered from the incident, and considers whether legislation is required to ensure that telecommunications providers have sufficient redundancies in place to avoid such extended outages from happening again.
Exploring a marketing concept: Does marketing encourage the filling of the ‘empty self’, ie, is marketing purchase therapy?
Authors: Schultz Don E. , Block Martin , Viswanathan Vijay
Published: July 2024

The rapidly changing field of marketing communications research raises many challenges and opportunities. This paper demonstrates how neuroscience, traditional marketing communication and brand management can now be combined to provide unique answers to age-old questions. This paper uses neural insights to define a brand and marketing issue among a health-challenged consumer population. We use the automobile category as a study base and employ big data/longitudinal data to provide answers to the brand manager’s questions. It is argued that this approach will likely become the norm for brand and marketing research going forward.