bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The global Cauchy problem for the non linear Klein-Gordon equation-II
Authors: Ginibre J. , Velo G.
Published: March 2017

We study the Cauchy problem for a class of non linear Klein–Gordon equations of the type

\"{\mathrm{\varphi }}−Δ\mathrm{\varphi } + f(\mathrm{\varphi }) = 0

by a contraction method. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strongly continuous global solutions in the energy space

H^1(ℝ^n)\oplus L^2(ℝ^n)

for arbitrary space dimension

n

under assumptions on

f

that cover the case of a sum of powers

λ|φ|^{p −1} φ

with

1≦p < 1+4/(n−2)

,

n≧2

and

λ >0

for the highest

p

. This provides an alternative proof of existence and uniqueness to that presented in a previous paper [7]. Some of the results can be extended to the critical case

p = 1+4/(n−2)

.

On étudie le problème de Cauchy pour une classe d’équations de Klein–Gordon non linéaires du type

\"{\mathrm{\varphi }}−Δ\mathrm{\varphi } + f(\mathrm{\varphi }) = 0

par une méthode de contraction. On prouve l’existence et l’unicité de solutions méthode de contraction. On prouve l’existence et l’unicité de solutions gobales fortement continues dans l’espace d’énergie

H^1(ℝ^n)\oplus L^2(ℝ^n)

pour une dimension d’espace

n

quelconque, avec des hypothèses sur

f

qui couvrent le cas d’une somme de puissances

λ|φ|^{p −1} φ

avec

1≦p < 1+4/(n−2)

,

n≧2

et

λ > 0

pour la valeur de

p

la plus élevée. On obtient ainsi une démonstration de l’existence et de l’unicité différente de celle donnée dans un article précédent [7]. Une partie des résultats s’étend au cas critique

p = 1+4/(n−2)

.
Isotropic singularities of solutions of nonlinear elliptic inequalities
Authors: Richard Yves , Veron Laurent
Published: March 2017

If

g

is nondecreasing function satisfying the weak singularities existence condition then all the positive solutions of

Δu ⩽ g(u) + f

in

B_1(0)\setminus \{0\}

where

f

is radial and integrable in

B_1(0)

are isotropic in measure near

0

. We apply this result to solutions of

Δu ± g(u) = 0

in particular when

g(r) \sim r|r|^{q − 1}

,

g(r) \sim e^{β r}

, or

g(r) = r(\mathrm{L}_{n}^{ + }r)^{\alpha }

.

Si

g

est une fonction croissante sur

ℝ

vérifiant la condition d’existence de singularités faibles et

f

une fonction intégrable radiale dans

B_1(0)

, alors toutes les solutions positives de

Δu ⩽ g(u) + f

dans

B_1(0)\setminus \{0\}

sont isotropes en mesure près de

0

. Nous appliquons ce résultat aux solutions de

Δu ± g(u) = 0

, en particulier quand

g(r) \sim r|r|^{q − 1}

,

g(r) \sim e^{βr}

ou

g(r) = r(\mathrm{L}_{n}^{ + }r)^{\alpha}

.
Lincoln and the Democrats
Authors: Neely, Jr Mark E.
Published: March 2017

Lincoln and the Democrats describes the vexatious behavior of a two-party system in war and points to the sound parts of the American system which proved to be the country's salvation: local civic pride, and quiet nonpartisanship in mobilization and funding for the war, for example. While revealing that the role of a noxious 'white supremacy' in American politics of the period has been exaggerated - as has the power of the Copperheads - Neely revives the claim that the Civil War put the country on the road to 'human rights', and also uncovers a previously unnoticed tendency toward deceptive and impractical grandstanding on the Constitution during war in the United States.
Vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency among Canadian children residing at high latitude following the revision of the RDA of vitamin D intake in 2010
Authors: Munasinghe Lalani L. , Yuan Yan , Willows Noreen D. , Faught Erin L. , Ekwaru John P. , Veugelers Paul J.
Published: March 2017

Recently, countries at high latitudes have updated their vitamin D recommendations to ensure adequate intake for the musculoskeletal health of their respective populations. In 2010, the dietary guidelines for vitamin D for Canadians and Americans aged 1–70 years increased from 5 μg/d to 15 μg/d, whereas in 2016 for citizens of the UK aged ≥4 years 10 μg/d is recommended. The vitamin D status of Canadian children following the revised dietary guidelines is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency among Canadian children. For this study, we assumed serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations <30 nmol/l as ‘deficient’ and ≥50nmol/l as ‘sufficient’. Data from children aged 3–18 years (n 2270) who participated in the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey were analysed. Of all children, 5·6 % were vitamin D deficient and 71 % were vitamin D sufficient. Children who consumed vitamin D-fortified milk daily (77 %) were more likely to be sufficient than those who consumed it less frequently (OR 2·7; 95 % CI 1·4, 5·0). The 9 % of children who reported taking vitamin D-containing supplements in the previous month had higher 25(OH)D concentrations (OR 6·9 nmol/l; 95 % CI 1·1, 12·7 nmol/l) relative to those who did not. Children who were older, obese, of non-white ethnicity and from low-income households were less likely to be vitamin D sufficient. To improve vitamin D status, consumption of vitamin D-rich foods should be promoted, and fortification of more food items or formal recommendations for vitamin D supplementation should be considered.
IRONY AND THE TEXT OF CAESAR, BELLVM GALLICVM 5.31.5
Authors: Stem Rex
Published: March 2017

The sentence that comprises 5.31.5 in Caesar's Bellum Gallicum has long been felt to be problematic. It was deleted entirely by H. Meusel. A. Klotz posited a lacuna after quare. Others sought smaller adjustments. Yet, the defence of the text as transmitted also drew advocates (T. Rice Holmes, A. Ernout, O. Seel) and the debate quietened. The current Teubner edition, by W. Hering in 1987, prints the transmitted text and does not acknowledge the debate in the apparatus criticus. I propose a new solution, one that reinterprets the sentence in context and requires a small textual change from et to nec. I will first set the context and identify problems with the conventional understanding of 5.31.5.
Transnationalism as interdiscursivity: Korean managers of multinational corporations talking about mobility
Authors: Park Joseph Sung-Yul
Published: March 2017

This article explores how transnationalism can be understood as an interdiscursive process. By making connections with chronotopes of past places along a transmigrant's trajectory, interdiscursivity allows for the emergence of complex indexical meaning associated with different speakers and different ways of speaking, imbuing the transmigrant's mobility with specific social significance. This article demonstrates this point through an analysis of how South Korean mid-level managers of multinational corporations in Singapore imagined their positioning in the global workplace. By tracing the ways the managers employed metapragmatic discourse associated with multiple chronotopes to make sense of their reasonably successful but limited careers, it offers an account of how interdiscursivity shaped their understanding of their own positionality as Koreans working beyond the time-space of Korea. (Interdiscursivity, transnationalism, chronotope, Korea, English, intercultural communication)*
Metapragmatics of mobility
Authors: Lo Adrienne , Park Joseph
Published: March 2017

This introduction presents a framework for analyzing the semiotic dimensions of mobility. Drawing upon the notion of pathway (Wortham & Reyes 2015), it examines how mobility is facilitated by semiotic processes that link linguistic emblems with speaker images across time and space (Agha 2007). It focuses on the circulation of discursive forms, facilitated by media technologies and complex patterns of transnational interaction, which ascribe identities to people on the move and root such identities within hierarchical structures of the market on local, national, and transnational scales. Looking at how interdiscursive networks intersect with people's experience of mobility and the way they position themselves in social space, this article problematizes the divide between ‘micro’ and ‘macro’ approaches, offering a historically grounded approach to operations of power that permeate both metapragmatic discourse and experiences of mobility. (Mobility, metapragmatics, mediatization, interdiscursivity)*
When Lower-Atmosphere Waves Invade the Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Crane Leah
Published: March 2017

A review of the literature shows that weather nearer Earth's surface could produce up to 35% of the ionosphere's variability.
Total chemical synthesis of a thermostable enzyme capable of polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Xu Weiliang , Jiang Wenjun , Wang Jiaxing , Yu Linping , Chen Ji , Liu Xianyu , Liu Lei , Zhu Ting F
Published: March 2017

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been a defining tool in modern biology. Towards realizing mirror-image PCR, we have designed and chemically synthesized a mutant version of the 352-residue thermostable Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV with l-amino acids and tested its PCR activity biochemically. To the best of our knowledge, this enzyme is the largest chemically synthesized protein reported to date. We show that with optimization of PCR conditions, the fully synthetic polymerase is capable of amplifying template sequences of up to 1.5 kb. The establishment of this synthetic route for chemically synthesizing DNA polymerase IV is a stepping stone towards building a d-enzyme system for mirror-image PCR, which may open up an avenue for the creation of many mirror-image molecular tools such as mirror-image systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment.
PNPLA1 is a transacylase essential for the generation of the skin barrier lipid ω-O-acylceramide
Authors: Ohno Yusuke , Kamiyama Nozomi , Nakamichi Shota , Kihara Akio
Published: March 2017

Lipids are the primary components of the skin permeability barrier, which is the body’s most powerful defensive mechanism against pathogens. Acylceramide (ω-O-acylceramide) is a specialized lipid essential for skin barrier formation. Here, we identify PNPLA1 as the long-sought gene involved in the final step of acylceramide synthesis, esterification of ω-hydroxyceramide with linoleic acid, by cell-based assays. We show that increasing triglyceride levels by overproduction of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase DGAT2 stimulates acylceramide production, suggesting that triglyceride may act as a linoleic acid donor. Indeed, the in vitro analyses confirm that PNPLA1 catalyses acylceramide synthesis using triglyceride as a substrate. Mutant forms of PNPLA1 found in patients with ichthyosis exhibit reduced or no enzyme activity in either cell-based or in vitro assays. Altogether, our results indicate that PNPLA1 is directly involved in acylceramide synthesis as a transacylase, and provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of skin barrier formation and of ichthyosis pathogenesis.
Protectin DX increases survival in a mouse model of sepsis by ameliorating inflammation and modulating macrophage phenotype
Authors: Xia Haifa , Chen Lin , Liu Hong , Sun Zhipeng , Yang Wen , Yang Yiyi , Cui Shunan , Li Shengnan , Wang Yaxin , Song Limin , Abdelgawad Amro Fayez , Shang You , Yao Shanglong
Published: March 2017

Recently, a serial of studies have demonstrated that lipid mediators derived from Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid have pro-resolving or anti-inflammatory effects in many inflammatory diseases. Here, we sought to evaluate whether Protectin DX (PDX, an isomer of Protecin D1), a newly identified lipid mediator, could protect mice against sepsis and explore the underling mechanism. Animal model of sepsis was established by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that PDX increased overall survival rate within eight days and attenuated multiple organ injury in septic mice. In addition, PDX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial load 24 h after CLP. Moreover, PDX promoted phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages and increased the percentage of M2 macrophages in peritoneum of septic mice. In vitro, M2 macrophage markers (Arg1 and Ym1) and its transcriptional regulator (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, PPAR-γ) were upregulated in Raw264.7 macrophages challenged with PDX. GW9662 (a PPAR-γ inhibitor) and PPAR-γ siRNA abrogated the induction of Arg1 and Ym1 by PDX in Raw264.7 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that PDX is able to promote M2 polarization, enhance phagocytosis activity of macrophage and accelerate resolution of inflammation, finally leading to increased survival rate of septic mice.
Methionine aminopeptidase 2 is a key regulator of apoptotic like cell death in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Tiwari Kartikeya , Dubey Vikash Kumar
Published: March 2017

We investigate the role of methionine aminopeptidase 2 (MAP2) in miltefosine induced programmed cell death (PCD) in promastigote form of L. donovani. We report that TNP-470, an inhibitor of MAP2, inhibits programmed cell death in miltefosine treated promastigotes. It inhibits the biochemical features of metazoan apoptosis, including caspase3/7 protease like activity, oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and increase in cytosolic pool of calcium ions but did not prevent the cell death and phosphatidyl serine externalization. The data suggests that the MAP2 is involved in the regulation of PCD in parasite. Moreover, TNP-470 shows the leishmanicidal activity (IC50 = 15 µM) and in vitro inhibition of LdMAP2 activity (K
i
 = 13.5 nM). Further studies on MAP2 and identification of death signaling pathways provide valuable information that could be exploited to understand the role of non caspase proteases in PCD of L. donovani.
Hybrid inorganic-organic capsules for efficient intracellular delivery of novel siRNAs against influenza A (H1N1) virus infection
Authors: Timin Alexander S. , Muslimov Albert R. , Petrova Aleksandra V. , Lepik Kirill V. , Okilova Maria V. , Vasin Andrey V. , Afanasyev Boris V. , Sukhorukov Gleb B.
Published: March 2017

The implementation of RNAi technology into the clinical practice has been significantly postponing due to the issues regarding to the delivery of naked siRNA predominantly to target cells. Here we report the approach to enhance the efficiency of siRNA delivery by encapsulating the siRNA into new carrier systems which are obtained via the combination of widely used layer-by-layer technique and in situ modification by sol-gel chemistry. We used three types of siRNAs (NP-717, NP-1155 and NP-1496) in encapsulated form as new therapeutic agents against H1N1 influenza virus infection. By employing the hybrid microcontainers for the siRNA encapsulation we demonstrate the reduction of viral nucleoprotein (NP) level and inhibition of influenza virus production in infected cell lines (MDCK and A549). The obtained hybrid carriers based on assembled biodegradable polyelectrolytes and sol-gel coating possess several advantages such as a high cell uptake efficiency, low toxicity, efficient intracellular delivery of siRNAs and the protection of siRNAs from premature degradation before reaching the target cells. These findings underpin a great potential of versatile microencapsulation technology for the development of anti-viral RNAi delivery systems against influenza virus infection.
The experience of social exclusion in women with a history of suicidal acts: a neuroimaging study
Authors: Olié Emilie , Jollant Fabrice , Deverdun Jeremy , de Champfleur Nicolas Menjot , Cyprien Fabienne , Le Bars Emmanuelle , Mura Thibaut , Bonafé Alain , Courtet Philippe
Published: March 2017

Suicidal behaviors result from a complex interaction between social stressors and individual vulnerability. However, little is known of the specific neural network supporting the sensitivity to social stressors in patients at risk of suicidal acts. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we investigated brain processing of social rejection in suicide attempters. Thirty-six euthymic women with a history of depression and suicidal behavior were compared to 41 euthymic women with a history of depression but no suicidal attempt, and 28 healthy controls. The Cyberball Game was used as a validated social exclusion paradigm. Relative to healthy controls, both patient groups reported higher levels of social distress related to the task, without significant differences according to suicidal status. Compared to patients without any history of suicide attempt and healthy controls, suicide attempters showed decreased contrast in the left insula and supramarginal gyrus during the exclusion vs. inclusion condition, after controlling for number of depressive episodes, medication, mood disorder type or social phobia. Our study highlights impaired brain response to social exclusion in euthymic female suicide attempters in regions previously implicated in pain tolerance and social cognition. These findings suggest sustained brain dysfunctions related to social perception in suicide attempters.
Six-month efficacy of platelet-rich plasma for carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective randomized, single-blind controlled trial
Authors: Wu Yung-Tsan , Ho Tsung-Yen , Chou Yu-Ching , Ke Ming-Jen , Li Tsung-Ying , Huang Guo-Shu , Chen Liang-Cheng
Published: March 2017

Recently, a few small reports with short follow-up period have shown clinical benefits of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for peripheral neuropathy including one pilot study and one small, non-randomized trial in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Therefore, we conducted a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial to assess the 6-month effect of PRP in patients with CTS. Sixty patients with unilateral mild-to-moderate CTS were randomized into two groups of 30, namely the PRP and control groups. In the PRP group, patients were injected with one dose of 3 mL of PRP using ultrasound guidance and the control group received a night splint through the study period. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS) and secondary outcome measures included the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) score, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN), electrophysiological findings of the MN, and finger pinch strength. The evaluation was performed before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-injection. The PRP group exhibited a significant reduction in the VAS score, BCTQ score, and CSA of MN compared to the those of control group 6 months post-treatment (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that PRP is a safe modality that effectively relieves pain and improves disability in the patients with CTS.
RNAi screens for Rho GTPase regulators of cell shape and YAP/TAZ localisation in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Pascual-Vargas Patricia , Cooper Samuel , Sero Julia , Bousgouni Vicky , Arias-Garcia Mar , Bakal Chris
Published: March 2017

In order to metastasise, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) must make dynamic changes in cell shape. The shape of all eukaryotic cells is regulated by Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (RhoGEFs), which activate Rho-family GTPases in response to mechanical and informational cues. In contrast, Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) inhibit Rho GTPases. However, which RhoGEFs and RhoGAPS couple TNBC cell shape to changes in their environment is very poorly understood. Moreover, whether the activity of particular RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs become dysregulated as cells evolve the ability to metastasise is not clear. Towards the ultimate goal of identifying RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs that are essential for TNBC metastasis, we performed an RNAi screen to isolate RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs that contribute to the morphogenesis of the highly metastatic TNBC cell line LM2, and its less-metastatic parental cell line MDA-MB-231. For ~6 million cells from each cell line, we measured 127 different features following the depletion of 142 genes. Using a linear classifier scheme we also describe the morphological heterogeneity of each gene-depleted population.
Systematic high-content genome-wide RNAi screens of endothelial cell migration and morphology
Authors: Williams Steven P. , Gould Cathryn M. , Nowell Cameron J. , Karnezis Tara , Achen Marc G. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Stacker Steven A.
Published: March 2017

Many cell types undergo migration during embryogenesis and disease. Endothelial cells line blood vessels and lymphatics, which migrate during development as part of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and other types of vessel remodelling. These processes are also important in wound healing, cancer metastasis and cardiovascular conditions. However, the molecular control of endothelial cell migration is poorly understood. Here, we present a dataset containing siRNA screens that identify known and novel components of signalling pathways regulating migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. These components are compared to signalling in blood vascular endothelial cells. Further, using high-content microscopy, we captured a dataset of images of migrating cells following transfection with a genome-wide siRNA library. These datasets are suitable for the identification and analysis of genes involved in endothelial cell migration and morphology, and for computational approaches to identify signalling networks controlling the migratory response and integration of cell morphology, gene function and cell signaling. This may facilitate identification of protein targets for therapeutically modulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the context of human disease.
In silicoChemical–Protein Docking and Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Wijeyesakere Sanjeeva J. , Richardson Rudy J.
Published: March 2017

This chapter briefly explores the principles and applications to the field of toxicology of two computational structural biology techniques: molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In general, these in silico approaches enable us to do two important things: (1) gain insight into molecular mechanisms of toxicity; and (2) suggest mechanistic hypotheses for experimental validation or refutation. In addition, through the application of inverse docking and pharmacophore/toxicophore mapping, it is possible to identify potential macromolecular targets of toxicants, including off-targets of pharmaceutical agents. Although docking and MD simulations can be used to examine protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions, our focus is on small-molecule toxicants and protein targets.
Computational Tools for Chemical Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment Under the Framework of Adverse Outcome Pathways
Authors: Mumtaz M. , Ruiz P. , Zhang Q.
Published: March 2017

Assessing the health risk from chemical exposures is a deliberate process undergoing modernization through incorporation of current and credible science. But the move from basic research to risk assessment tool is a long process. It requires development and acceptance of new methods that must be validated and compared with existing methods. In 2007, the United States National Research Council recommended a visionary strategy focused on predictive toxicology. The strategy has provided the impetus for using toxicity pathway analysis, computational tools, and in vitro cellular and subcellular bioassays to identify adverse health effects. This has led to the identification of adverse outcome pathways to evaluate chemical toxicity to guide general approaches to public health decision making, formulation of policies, characterization of public health problems, and testing of chemical causative agents.
Educational Programs for Computational Toxicology and Pharmacology
Authors: Johnson Dale E. , Richardson Rudy J.
Published: March 2017

Computational toxicology continues to develop as a key component of the field of toxicology, both in the prediction of potential side effects of new drugs and herbal medicines and the identification and assessment of hazards and risks of chemicals in the environment. This chapter highlights educational programs in computational toxicology for undergraduate students at the University of California, Berkeley and graduate students at the University of Michigan. Both programs are structured as inquiry-based science experiences for hands-on problem-solving using a variety of computational approaches. By the end of each semester, students have identified a relevant problem to solve and have completed a project worthy of presentation at local and national scientific meetings. Computational pharmacology at the University of California Berkeley is incorporated into a course where undergraduate students work in a problem-based learning structure where they take on real-world challenges similar to those tackled by practitioners in the field of drug discovery and development. The course gives students a “life-cycle” approach in understanding and experiencing the concepts of health care and therapeutic interventions. Examples of case studies and projects leading to presentations and publications are included in the chapter.
A self-assembled Ni(cyclam)-BTC network on ITO for an oxygen evolution catalyst in alkaline solution
Authors: Leem Yun Jin , Cho Keumnam , Oh Kyung Hee , Han Sung-Hwan , Nam Ki Min , Chang Jinho
Published: March 2017

A self-assembled Ni(cyclam)-BTC film was formed on ITO in an acidic solution, which exhibited an enhanced electrocatalytic property for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
On the coupling between the dynamics of protein and water
Authors: Gavrilov Yulian , Leuchter Jessica D. , Levy Yaakov
Published: March 2017

The solvation entropy of flexible protein regions is higher than that of rigid regions and contributes differently to the overall thermodynamic stability.
Combined static and dynamic quenching in micellar systems—closed-form integrated rate laws verified using a versatile probe
Authors: Kohlmann Tim , Naumann Robert , Kerzig Christoph , Goez Martin
Published: March 2017

One probe to rule them all: an extremely long-lived radical cation M˙+ generated by green-light photoionization allowed new theories of combined static and dynamic intra- and intermicellar quenching to be tested.
A synergistic effect of metal iodide doping on the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3
Authors: Han Mi-Kyung , Yu Byung-Gyu , Jin Yingshi , Kim Sung-Jin
Published: March 2017

The role of metal iodides on the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 is investigated by conducting comparative studies of CuI, CsI and KI-doped Bi2Te3 analogs. The CuI dopant is superior to CsI and KI dopants in showing a larger power factor and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Facile synthesis of KCl:Sm3+ nanophosphor as a new OSL dosimetric material achieved through charge transfer between the defect states
Authors: Agarwal Mini , Garg S. K. , Asokan K. , Kanjilal D. , Kumar Pratik
Published: March 2017

Since precise control of nanoscale features is in high demand, it is being exploited to develop and improve OSL dosimetric materials, where striking improvement might also be expected in lanthanide-doped metal halides.
A novel nano-sized bioactive glass stimulates osteogenesis via the MAPK pathway
Authors: Gong Weiyu , Dong Yanmei , Wang Sainan , Gao Xuejun , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: March 2017

The effects of novel nano-sized 58S BG on osteogenic gene activationviathe MAPK pathway are better than those of traditional 45S5 BG.
Influence of Cu doping on the visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity of InVO4
Authors: Wetchakun Natda , Wanwaen Pimonrat , Phanichphant Sukon , Wetchakun Khatcharin
Published: March 2017

The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of pure InVO4 and 0.5–5.0 mol% Cu-doped InVO4 samples under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm) was studied in this research.
Theoretical insights into ω-alkynylfuran cycloisomerisation catalyzed by Au/CeO2(111): the role of the CeO2(111) support
Authors: Luo Yafei , Chen Zhongzhu , Zhang Jin , Tang Ying , Xu Zhigang , Tang Dianyong
Published: March 2017

ω-Alkynylfuran cycloisomerisation on CeO2(111)-supported Au clusters with different sizes was explored to unveil the role of the CeO2(111) support, including charge transfer effects and interactions.
A first principles study of the interaction between two-dimensional black phosphorus and Al2O3dielectric
Authors: Sun Jie , Lin Na , Tang Cheng , Ren Hao , Zhao Xian
Published: March 2017

First principles calculations have been performed to study the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of BP on Al-terminated and hydroxylated Al2O3(0001) surfaces.
Biobased copolyesters: synthesis, crystallization behavior, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene glycol sebacate-co-ethylene glycol 2,5-furan dicarboxylate)
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Jiang Min , Zhang Qiang , Wang Rui , Zhou Guangyuan
Published: March 2017

A series of biobased copolyesters, poly(ethylene sebacate-co-ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PESF), were synthesized from available biobased ethylene glycol (EG), sebacic acid (SA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA).
Development of a reactor with carbon catalysts for modular-scale, low-cost electrochemical generation of H2O2
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Chen Shucheng , Siahrostami Samira , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Hahn Christopher , Nordlund Dennis , Dimosthenis Sokaras , Nørskov Jens K. , Bao Zhenan , Jaramillo Thomas F.
Published: March 2017

Small-scale reactors for H2O2 production that can couple to renewable energy sources would be of great benefit for decentralized water purification.
A review on the biocompatibility and potential applications of graphene in inducing cell differentiation and tissue regeneration
Authors: Wu Xiaowei , Ding Shinn-Jyh , Lin Kaili , Su Jiansheng
Published: March 2017

Advances in the biocompatibility and cell differentiation inducing capacity of graphene and its potential applications in multi-tissue regeneration.
Engineering of the zinc-binding domain of an esterase from Clostridium botulinum towards increased activity on polyesters
Authors: Biundo Antonino , Steinkellner Georg , Gruber Karl , Spreitzhofer Theresa , Ribitsch Doris , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: March 2017

Variants of the zinc-binding domain ofClostridium botulinumEstA (Cbotu_EstA) release more building blocks (Ta and BTa) from the aromatic/aliphatic copolyester poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT).
Synthesis, structure and paramagnetic NMR analysis of a series of lanthanide-containing [LnTi6O3(OiPr)9(salicylate)6] cages
Authors: Li Ning , García-Rodríguez Raúl , Matthews Peter D. , Luo He-Kuan , Wright Dominic S.
Published: March 2017

The influence of paramagnetic Ln3+ ions on the NMR behaviour is investigated via a series of new isostructural lanthanide-containing cages with the general formula [LnTi6O3(OiPr)9(salicylate)6] (Ln = La–Er).
UV and visible light synergetic photodegradation using rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays based on a p–n Junction
Authors: Ji Tao , Cui Ze , Zhang Wenlong , Cao Yunjiu , Zhang Yongfang , He Shu-ang , Xu Mingdong , Sun Yangang , Zou Rujia , Hu Junqing
Published: March 2017

The enhanced photocatalytic performance of a TiO2-based multi-junction device is ascribed to a photovoltage generated in the junction, promoting the carriers separation.
A passive microfluidic system based on step emulsification allows the generation of libraries of nanoliter-sized droplets from microliter droplets of varying and known concentrations of a sample
Authors: Postek W. , Kaminski T. S. , Garstecki P.
Published: March 2017

A novel geometry of channels allows us to generate multiple monodisperse emulsions with a single syringe pump by means of step emulsification.
Oxine based unsymmetrical (O−, N, S/Se) pincer ligands and their palladium(ii) complexes: synthesis, structural aspects and applications as a catalyst in amine and copper-free Sonogashira coupling
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Saleem Fariha , Mishra Manish Kumar , Singh Ajai K.
Published: March 2017

Newly synthesized and characterized (single crystal structure) complexes, [Pd(O−, N, S/Se)Cl], efficiently catalyse Sonogashira coupling of ArX at 0.5–1 mol%.
Anion exchange membranes by bromination of tetramethylbiphenol-based poly(sulfone)s
Authors: Yan Jingling , Zhu Liang , Chaloux Brian L. , Hickner Michael A.
Published: March 2017

Anion exchange membranes were developed by brominating poly(sulfone)s based on tetramethylbiphenol, and their bromination reaction and properties were compared with those based on tetramethylbisphenol A.
Mutational analysis to identify the residues essential for the acetyltransferase activity of GlmU in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Minhua , Gu Huawei , Li Shan , Ma Yi , Wang Jufang
Published: March 2017

Amino acid mutation analysis and molecular modeling to verify the essential residues in acetyltransferase catalytic mechanism of Bs-GlmU.
Impact of cobalt content in Na0.67MnxFeyCozO2 (x + y + z = 1), a cathode material for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Marino C. , Marelli E. , Villevieille C.
Published: March 2017

Reducing the Co content in P2–Na0.67MnxFeyCozO2 does not drastically affect the electrochemical performance.
Undergraduate perceptions of value: degree skills and career skills
Authors: Galloway Kyle W.
Published: March 2017

Recent data suggests that of the UK students graduating with a degree in chemistry in 2015, only 18.9% continued to employment as ‘Science Professionals’. While this shows the wide range of employment that is available for chemistry graduates, it also highlights the need for them to have relevant transferable skills, rather than just the well-developed, subject-specific knowledge that they would be expected to possess. In 2010 Hanson and Overton published a study on the degree skills valued by UK graduates who had found employment and then reflected on the most useful aspects of the degree course. The new investigation reported here expands on this previous work by evaluating the perceived value of these skills by chemistry undergraduate students (years 1, 2, 3) along with their planned occupation after graduation. The results of the skills questionnaire are discussed, along with a survey of the main skills that the students wished to gain by participating in a new extra-curricular module specifically designed to enhance career skills, and the activities designed to develop those skills.
Enhanced Li+ conduction in perovskite Li3xLa2/3−x□1/3−2xTiO3 solid-electrolytes via microstructural engineering
Authors: Kwon Woo Ju , Kim Hyeongil , Jung Kyu-Nam , Cho Woosuk , Kim Sung Hyun , Lee Jong-Won , Park Min-Sik
Published: March 2017

To realize all-solid-state lithium batteries, it is necessary to develop solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and stability. A total Li+ conductivity as high as 4.8 × 10−4 S cm−1 can be achieved for perovskite Li3xLa(2/3)−x□(1/3)−2xTiO3 at 25 °C via microstructural modifications.
13C NMR characterization of hydrated 13C labeled Bombyx mori silk fibroin sponges prepared using glycerin, poly(ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) and poly(ethylene glycol) as porogens
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Endo Masanori , Fukuhara Rina , Tasei Yugo
Published: March 2017

Conformational characterization of the amino acid residues in hydrated silk fibroin sponges.
Long non-coding RNA MIAT acts as a biomarker in diabetic retinopathy by absorbing miR-29b and regulating cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Chen Maochong , Chen Jiawei , Lin Sisi , Cai Daqiu , Chen Chengwei , Chen Zhenguo
Published: March 2017

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of vision loss globally. However, the pathogenic mechanism and clinical therapy still needs further improvement. The biologic significance of myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) in DR remains unknown. Here, we aim to explore the mechanism between MIAT and DR, which is essential for RD. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce DM mice and high glucose was used to stimulate cells. ChIP was used to detect the binding activity between nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the promoter of the MIAT gene, luciferase activity assay was used to detect the target-specific selectivity between miR-29b and MIAT. The expressions of MIAT and p-p65 were increased in STZ-induced DM mice and high glucose stimulated rat retinal Müller cells (rMC-1) cells. ChIP results revealed that high glucose promoted the binding activity between NF-κB and MIAT, while Bay11-7082 acted as an inhibitor for NF-κB that suppressed the binding activity. miR-29b controled MIAT to regulate its expression and MIAT overexpression suppressed miR-29b, but promoted Sp1. High glucose stimulation increased the cell apoptosis and decreased the cell activity, while MIAT suppression reversed the effect induced by high glucose, however, miR-29b knockdown reversed the effects induced by MIAT suppression. Our results provided evidence that the mechanism of cell apoptosis in DR might be associated with the regulation of MIAT, however, miR-29b acted as a biomarker that was regulated by MIAT and further regulated cell apoptosis in DR.
SMASH ΔΣ modulator with adderless feed‐forward loop filter
Authors: Honarparvar M. , de la Rosa J.M. , Nabki F. , Sawan M.
Published: March 2017

A novel cascade ΔΣ modulator, which combines the benefits of sturdy MASH (SMASH) topology and feed‐forward loop filter, is presented. The proposed ΔΣ architecture is based on moving the power‐hungry adder block from the quantiser input to the first integrator output. The proposed architecture shows a better operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) linearity and relaxed OTA DC‐gain compared with conventional MASH and SMASH topologies. This feature makes the modulator topology more suitable than conventional MASH and SMASH topologies for low‐voltage applications.
Approach for power allocation in two‐tier femtocell networks based on robust non‐cooperative game
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Li Shiyi , Yang Hongjiu , Chan Kit Yan , Guan Xinping
Published: March 2017

In this study, a power allocation scheme for two‐tier femtocell networks is proposed to maximise the user utilities constrained with satisfactory quality of service, where femtocell users share the same frequency with macrocell users (MUEs). Since the environment changes and the channel gains cannot be assumed to be constants, a worst‐case method is used to address the uncertainty of the power allocation problem. A non‐cooperative game model is developed to maximise the utilities of femtocell users by letting the users competing the utilities with others. As the robustness can be affected by the changing gains of communication links, the robust Stackelberg game is proposed to model this hierarchical competition where the MUEs and femtocell users act as leaders and followers, respectively. Two effective pricing schemes are applied to maximise the utilities, when different user demands are required, where the uniqueness of Nash equilibrium is proved in the two schemes. Numerical results show the convergence of the Stackelberg game with uncertainty and also the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the power allocation algorithm.
High performance control strategy for single‐phase three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped traction four‐quadrant converters
Authors: Kejian Song , Konstantinou Georgios , Jing Li , Mingli Wu , Agelidis Vassilios Georgios
Published: March 2017

Operational data from Chinese railways indicate a number of challenges for traction four‐quadrant converter (4QC) control including low‐order voltage and current harmonics and reference tracking. A control strategy for a single‐phase three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped 4QC employed in the electric multiple unit traction system is proposed in this study. The strategy is based on a multiple frequency tuned quasi‐proportional resonant controller in the ac‐side current loop and a multiple frequency tuned notch filter in the dc‐link voltage loop. Under the typical supply voltage distortion present in the network, the proposed control strategy improves the current tracking performance and reduces the line current harmonics, when compared with conventional control strategies. Experimental results, both under purely sinusoidal and distorted supply voltages, validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Sun sensor using a nanosatellites solar panels by means of time‐division multiplexing
Authors: Lü Xiaozhou , Tao Yebo , Xie Kai , Li Xiaoping , Wang Songlin , Bao Weimin , Chen Renjie
Published: March 2017

The solar vector, which defines the angle between the satellite and the Sun, is an important parameter for attitude control of a nanosatellite. It is highly desirable to enable accurate attitude control of a nanosatellite without increasing size and mass. To solve this issue, this study presents a novel sun sensor based on solar panel time‐division multiplexing. The mathematical relationship between the short‐circuit current of the solar panel and the solar vector is derived, and a mathematical model of the time‐division multiplexing for the sensor is introduced. A sample of the sensor is built and an experiment is conducted to obtain the short‐circuit current data for different angles. The output of the sensor is included in the mathematical model to obtain the solar vector. The relevant measurement errors of the sensor is also derived. The results show that the sensor is capable of measuring across the 0–180° range with a maximum absolute error of measurement of 4.531° and a relative error of 2.517%.
Studie Hochschule Niederrhein: Patienten lieben kurze Wartezeiten
Authors: Gaede Kirsten
Published: March 2017

Kaum einer kennt sich mit Wartezeiten so gut aus wie Hubert Otten. An der Hochschule Niederrhein hat der Krankenhauslogistiker 2015 und 2016 Umfragen mit insgesamt über 1.000 Teilnehmern durchgeführt sowie Untersuchungen auf Grundlage von Manchester-Triage-Systemen. Auf der med.Logistica am 17. und 18. Mai in Leipzig präsentiert er die Ergebnisse.
IT-Messe conhIT: Digitale Aufbruchstimmung
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: March 2017

Die Zeit wolkiger Diskussionen über Digitalisierung ist vorbei, auf der IT-Messe conhIT stehen konkrete Lösungen im Mittelpunkt. Denn vor allem Kliniken wird bewusst: Wer sich jetzt nicht nachhaltig digital aufstellt, riskiert seine Existenz.
OP-Management: „Ambulante und kurzzeitchirurgische Eingriffe nehmen kontinuierlich zu“
Authors: Mewis Dirk
Published: March 2017

Florian Distler, Business Director Integrated Health Solutions bei Medtronic über OP-Management, Hybrid-OPs und den Zwang zur Effizienz- und Prozessoptimierung.
Wärme- und Kälterückgewinnung: Aus der Luft gegriffen: 5.580 MWh
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: March 2017

340.000 Kubikmeter Luft strömen stündlich durch die Klimaanlagen des neuen OP-Zentrums im Universitätsklinikum München Großhadern. Dass diese „steife Brise“ Einsparpotenzial birgt, liegt auf der Hand. Die Systeme zur Wärme- und Kälterückgewinnung wurden deshalb – als längst-nicht-mehr-Nebensache – gesondert ausgeschrieben.
Predictors of Outcome in Modern Surgery for Lung Abscess
Authors: Solymosi Norbert , Dubecz Attila , John Joseph , West Doug , Boenisch Paul , Karmy-Jones Riyad , Ospina Carlos , Almeida Ana , Witzigmann Helmut , Stein Hubert , Schweigert Michael
Published: March 2017

Background Surgery for lung abscess is a challenging task. Timing and indications for surgery are not well established. Identification of predictors of outcome could help to clarify the role of surgery.

Methods Patients who underwent major thoracic surgery for infectious lung abscess were identified at six centers for general thoracic surgery in Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Study period was 2000 to 2016.

Results There were 91 patients. Pulmonary sepsis (48), pleural empyema (43), persistent air leakage (25), acute renal failure (12), and respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation (25) were already preoperatively present. The mean Charlson index of comorbidity was 3.0 (median: 2.0; interquartile range: 3). Procedures were segmentectomy (18), lobectomy (58), and pneumonectomy (15). The 30-day mortality following surgery was 13/91.

Preoperative sepsis (odds ratio [OR]: 13.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–610.53; p < 0.01), preoperative persistent air leak (OR: 13.46, 95% CI: 3.00–85.37, p < 0.01), respiratory failure (OR: 5.60; 95% CI: 1.41–24.84; p < 0.01), acute renal failure (OR: 6.15 ; 95% CI: 1.24–29.56 ; p = 0.01), and Charlson index of comorbidity ≥ 3 (OR: 7.19 ; 95% CI: 1.43–71.21 ; p < 0.01) are associated with higher mortality, whereas age > 70 years (p = 0.46) and the extent of pulmonary resection (segmentectomy, lobectomy, pneumonectomy) have no significant influence on mortality. Patients with fatal outcome have significantly higher Charlson index of comorbidity (p < 0.01).

Conclusions Delayed referral for surgery is common. Significant predictors for fatal outcome are pulmonary sepsis, septic complications (air leak, pleural empyema), septic organ failure (respiratory, acute renal failure), and preexisting comorbidity (Charlson index of comorbidity ≥ 3). The extent of surgical resection shows no significant influence.
Computed Tomography Measurement of Inferior Turbinate in Asymptomatic Adult
Authors: El-Anwar Mohammad , Hamed Atef , Abdulmonaem Ghada , Elnashar Ismail , Elfiki Inas
Published: March 2017

Introduction The inferior turbinate (IT) is the most susceptible turbinate to enlargement causing nasal obstruction. The common belief ascribes most of the enlargement of the IT to mucosal elements.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the detailed computed tomography (CT) measurement of the IT in asymptomatic adult by determining the thickness of both the non-bony (mucosa) and bony parts and their relation to nasal air space in different related areas of the nose.

Methods We included in the study paranasal CT scans of 108 individuals (216 IT) that had no paranasal pathology. We acquired axial images with multiplanar reformates to obtain delicate details in coronal and sagittal planes for all subjects. We took separate measurements of the thickness of the medial mucosa, bones, and lateral mucosa of the IT on the anterior and posterior portions of ITs. We also measured the air space of the nasal cavity between the septum and IT anteriorly and posteriorly.

Results The difference in the air space between nasal septum, anterior and posterior ends of IT was extremely statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The thickness of the medial mucosa was extremely significantly more than the lateral mucosa width (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in length of IT at both sides (p = 0.5781).

Conclusion The detailed CT measurement of the IT in normal adult is an easy and novel measurement. This study lays the foundation for CT measurement of IT for further work that can describe changes in IT measures after turbinate surgery.
Circuitry made robust enough for Venus
Authors: Wilson R. Mark
Published: March 2017

Silicon carbide devices lasted more than three weeks in a laboratory simulation of the corrosive conditions that prevail on the planet’s surface.