bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O tempo da costura: afetos, subversão e intimidade em Call the midwife
Authors: Barbosa Karina Gomes
Published: July 2017

Este artigo analisa uma sequência do seriado britânico Call the midwife por meio da análise fílmica, sob o aporte dos estudos feministas e dos estudos culturais. Debruçamo-nos sobre o labor em torno da costura feminina realizada no confinamento do lar, em que se cose uma colcha, para discutir afetos, silêncios, tempo, intimidade e subversão. A série tem como tema central a maternidade e aborda o trabalho de um grupo de parteiras em uma região pobre da Inglaterra no fim dos anos 1950. Ao mesmo tempo que promove rupturas em relação a representações hegemônicas da casa e da costura, se alinha a visões contemporâneas mitificadoras da maternidade e do “ser mãe”.
Sensitive Territories: Performatives Researchers in Arts and Nature
Authors: Ribeiro Walmeri , Quaranta Daniel
Published: July 2017

Inserted in the field of art in dialogue with climate changes research and, particularly, the social impacts in contemporary society, this paper presents the contribution of performative researchers in this area of discussion. It also presents the actions and artistic intervention realized by Sensitive Territories project.
Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species
Authors: YAN CHENG-JIN , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , HE JUN-HUA , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: July 2017

The Chinese species of the tribe Helconini Foerster, 1863 s.s. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae) are reviewed. The tribe Helconini Foerster and its genera are redefined and a key to the genera of the tribe is given. Gymnoscelus rufithorax Turner, 1918, is provisionally transferred to the genus Parahelcon Kokujev, 1901 (comb. nov.). The Chinese species belonging to the genera Acarohelcon gen. nov. (type species: Acarohelcon varicolor sp. nov.), Helcon Nees, 1812, Helconidea Viereck, 1914, and Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899 (including Spasskia Belokobylskij, 1989, syn. nov.), are keyed, described and illustrated. Eighteen new species are described from China: Acarohelcon. varicolor sp. nov., Helcon sulcatus sp. nov., Wroughtonia acuta sp. nov., W. albobasalis sp. nov., W. areolata sp. nov., W. bifurcata sp. nov., W. breviantennata sp. nov., W. brachygena sp. nov., W. chui sp. nov., W. eurygenys sp. nov., W. hei sp. nov., W. jiangliae sp. nov., W. nigrifemoralis sp. nov., W. obtusa sp. nov., W. rugosa sp. nov., W. varifemora sp. nov., W. yaanensis sp. nov., and W. zhejiangensis sp. nov., Four species are reported for the first time from China: Helconidea dentipes Tobias, 1967, Wroughtonia planidorsum Watanabe, 1952, W. sibirica (Tobias, 1967) and W. unicornis (Turner, 1918). Helcon albus Chou et Hsu, 1998, H. claviventris Wesmael, 1835, H. orientalis Shestakov, 1940, Helconidea nigra Tobias, 1967, H. sibirica Tobias, 1967, Spasskia anastasiae Belokobylskij, 1998, S. brevicarinata Yan et Chen, 2014, S. indica Singh, Belokobylskij et Chauhan, 2005, and S. sigalphoides Belokobylskij, 1989, are transferred to the genus Wroughtonia (comb. nov.) and Helconidea duplidentipes Shenefelt, 1970, is replaced by H. dentipes Tobias, 1967 (reinstated). Duportia cincticornis Kieffer, 1921, is synonymized with Wroughtonia unicornis (Turner, 1918) syn. nov.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and the U.K. ACSIS Program
Authors: Sutton R. T. , McCarthy G. D. , Robson J. , Sinha B. , Archibald A. T. , Gray L. J.
Published: July 2017

Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) is the term used to describe the pattern of variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that is characterized by decades of basinwide warm or cool anomalies, relative to the global mean. AMV has been associated with numerous climate impacts in many regions of the world including decadal variations in temperature and rainfall patterns, hurricane activity, and sea level changes. Given its importance, understanding the physical processes that drive AMV and the extent to which its evolution is predictable is a key challenge in climate science. A leading hypothesis is that natural variations in ocean circulation control changes in ocean heat content and consequently AMV phases. However, this view has been challenged recently by claims that changing natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings are critical drivers of AMV. Others have argued that changes in ocean circulation are not required. Here, we review the leading hypotheses and mechanisms for AMV and discuss the key debates. In particular, we highlight the need for a holistic understanding of AMV. This perspective is a key motivation for a major new U.K. research program: the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS), which brings together seven of the United Kingdom’s leading environmental research institutes to enable a broad spectrum approach to the challenges of AMV. ACSIS will deliver the first fully integrated assessment of recent decadal changes in the North Atlantic, will investigate the attribution of these changes to their proximal and ultimate causes, and will assess the potential to predict future changes.
Failed Medialization Laryngoplasty: Management by Revision Surgery
Authors: Woo Peak , Pearl Adam W. , Hsiung Ming‐Wang , Som Peter
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cause of immediate and late medialization laryngoplasty failures and to describe their management.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was performed in 20 patients who underwent revision surgery after failed medialization laryngoplasty. Analysis was based on preoperative spiral CT scan, preoperative and postoperative videostrobolaryngoscopy. and Phonatory function measures.

RESULTS:

Three major types of failures were identified. The most common problem was arytenoid rotation with a persistent posterior glottic gap (11 of 20). Malposition or wrong size of the implants resulted in a lateralized vocal fold or false vocal fold medialization (6 of 20). Three patients had implants that were extruding. Late atrophy and bowing resulted in a glottal gap (2 of 20). One patient had fibrosis around the implant requiring removal. Spiral CT scan of the larynx located the implant precisely and showed the degree of arytenoid rotation. Patients with arytenoid rotation and posterior gap had revision medialization combined with arytenoid adduction. Revision medialization was performed in 11 patients, arytenoid adduction in 12 patients, lipoinjection in 2 Patients, and 4 implants were removed. The voice was improved in 15 patients. Improved voice was correlated with improved phonation time and reduced phonatory airflow rates.

CONCLUSION:

Immediate and late failures of medialization laryngoplasty are due to several possible causes. Revision surgery is feasible and highly successful. To select between the surgical alternatives work up should include preoperative analysis of vocal function, videostrobolaryngoscopic analysis, and spiral CT of the larynx.
Antisense Cyclin D1 Inhibits Growth of Head and Neck Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice
Authors: Wang Steven J. , Mintz Leah E. , Natarajan Venketesan , Lee Nina J. , Srivatsan Eri S. , Wang Marilene B.
Published: July 2017

PROBLEM:

Cyclin D1 is a regulatory factor essential in the progression of the cell cycle from G1 through S phase. Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 have been observed in many human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We have previously transfected a HNSCC control cell line (CCL23) with an antisense cyclin D1 plasmid and demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. In this study, we examine whether antisense cyclin D1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo.

METHODS/MEASURES:

The CCL23 and its antisense cyclin D1 transfected clone (CCL23 AS) were injected into the flanks of nude mice. Tumor growth was monitored weekly. After 5 weeks, tumors were removed and studied for tumor size, cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity, and retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation.

RESULTS:

Compared with the control tumors, 11 of 19 antisense tumors were smaller, 7 tumors were of equal size, and 1 tumor was larger. Immunohistochemical analysis with an anti‐cyclin D1 antibody demonstrated decreased cyclin D1 expression in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors. Cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity was reduced in CCL23 AS and the smaller antisense tumors, and this was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphorylated Rb in these samples.

CONCLUSION:

Antisense cyclin D1 Inhibits growth of HNSCC tumors. Cyclin D1 expression, cyclin D1‐dependent kinase activity, and Rb phosphorylation are decreased in these tumors.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

These findings lend support for the potential use of antisense cyclin D1 as gene therapy for HNSCC.
Validating the Excision of Cholesteatoma
Authors: Schuring Arnold G. , Lippy William H.
Published: July 2017

In lieu of a radical mastoidectomy, 138 patients underwent a closed tympanomastoidectomy with subsequent staged surgical procedures until the excision of cholesteatoma could be validated. All the patients underwent two surgical procedures, 29% underwent three procedures, and 4% underwent four procedures. The surgical findings at the second procedure were: negative, 41.5%; retraction pockets, 7%; squamous pearls, 14%; recurrent cholesteatoma, 12%; and residual cholesteatoma, 25.5%. At each stage the likelihood of finding any form of cholesteatoma lessens. A conversion from a closed to an open mastoidectomy was necessary for 9% of the patients, and 4% were lost to follow‐up. The opportunity to adjust the reconstructed ossicular assembly exists at each stage. With the use of semibiologic prostheses (ossicle cup and columella), the hearing results were: first stage, 67% within 20 dB, 84% within 30 dB; second stage, 77% and 90%; third stage, 77% and 96%.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Otosclerosis
Authors: Brookes Gerald B.
Published: July 2017

A prospective study of 47 patients with otosclerosis was undertaken to investigate the possible etiologic role of vitamin D undernutrition. The population comprised 27 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 46.4 years (range 21 to 79). The disease was bilateral in 43 patients, and cochlear involvement was present in 84.4%. The mean duration of symptoms was 17.1 years. Vitamin D status was evaluated by measuring the plasma 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 (25‐OHD), which is the main storage metabolite. Abnormally low 25‐OHD levels were found in 10 patients (21.7%) and borderline low levels in another two. Raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels were present in 32.6%, calcium in 6.5%, and inorganic phosphate in 4.3%. Calcium and vitamin D replacement therapy resulted in significant hearing improvement in 3 of 16 patients; these data support a causal correlation. Vitamin D deficiency is probably a factor in the etiology of some cases of otosclerosis and is important, since the deafness resulting from cochlear involvement may be reversible.
Effect of Maturation on the Sensitivity of Laryngeal Resistance to Chemoreceptor Stimulation in the Dog
Authors: Blum Daniel J. , McCaffrey Thomas V.
Published: July 2017

The respiratory system undergoes many changes with maturation, resulting in increased capacity and efficiency. In an effort to determine the effects of maturation on airway control, laryngeal airway resistance was studied from infancy to adulthood in dogs. Reflex regulation of laryngeal airway resistance in response to chemoreceptor stimulation was found in puppies 1 day of age and older. Chemoreceptor‐mediated laryngeal reflexes were qualitatively similar in all age groups. However, a significant quantitative difference was found. With maturation, an increase in the sensitivity of both central and peripheral chemoreceptors regulating laryngeal resistance is realized.
Five Years' Experience with Bone‐Anchored Auricular Prostheses
Authors: Tjellström Anders , Yontchev Evtim , Lindström Jörgen , Brånemark Per‐Ingvar
Published: July 2017

A prosthetic device might be indicated in craniofacial reconstruction when plastic surgery is impossible or when the final cosmetic result is unsatisfactory. However, the attachment of a prosthesis is often very difficult. Bone‐anchored, skin‐penetrating titanium implants have been used for retention of auricular prostheses in 38 patients. The patients have been followed up for 1 to 5 years. No patient has been lost to follow‐up. Only 1 implant out of the 159 inserted was found to have failed to integrate. Two skin‐penetrating abutments have been removed because of inflammation where they penetrated the skin. The surgical procedure as well as the manufacture of the prostheses and the attachment is presented in detail.
Selenium Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract of Hamsters
Authors: Goodwin W. Jarrard , Bordash Gerard D. , Xue Jun Wu , Huijing Frans , Altman Norman
Published: July 2017

Evidence suggests that ingestion of selenium compounds may inhibit carcinogenesis. We studied this in hamsters in which squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was induced with 0.5% dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Forty‐five hamsters, divided into three groups of 15 each, were fed a low‐selenium diet and the left lateral border of the tongue was painted with DMBA three times a week. Control animals were given deionized water, while water for animals in groups 1 and 2 contained 3 and 6 ppm selenium, respectively. All sufficiently long‐lived animals developed leukoplakia of the tongue and floor of the mouth that progressed to dysplasia and papillary or ulcerative carcinoma. Carcinomas were seen less frequently on the palate and in the pyriform sinuses. Carcinoma metastasized to neck lymph nodes in two hamsters. Data indicate a 2‐week delay in leukoplakia incidence for the selenium groups; a higher survival rate was also noted, although this was not statistically significant. We conclude that this model is similar to tobacco‐induced squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract in humans and that ingestion of supplemental selenium produces a modest inhibitory effect on leukoplakia.
Treatment of Upper Esophageal Strictures
Authors: Sawyer Robert
Published: July 2017

A practical approach to the treatment of upper esophageal and hypopharyngeal strictures is presented. Traditional dilation techniques and instrumentation are reviewed. The size and shape of the stricture are related to the risks of using certain types and sizes of bougies. The adjunctive use of fluoroscopy, urethral dilators, and arteriography materials for esophageal dilation is discussed in light of the dilation treatment option.
Bilateral Vestibular Loss, Oscillopsia, and the Cervico‐Ocular Reflex
Authors: Chambers Brian R. , Mai Mabel , Barber Hugh O.
Published: July 2017

Oscillopsia during head movement occurs in patients with bilateral vestibular loss and may be transient or persistent. To investigate mechanisms underlying recovery we tested the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR), visual‐vestibular interaction, and the cervico‐ocular reflex (COR); we used a pseudorandom oscillatory stimulus with a frequency band width of 0 to 5 Hz in six patients with bilaterally absent caloric responses and in 10 normal controls. Seven control subjects had low‐gain COR responses, but these were anticompensatory with respect to the VOR. Three asymptomatic patients with an absent or grossly deficient VOR had increased oculomotor responses at all frequencies when oscillated in light. Compensatory COR responses were detected in these patients but not in patients with persisting oscillopsia. In some patients with bilateral vestibular loss, augmented cervico‐ocular and visual reflexes may compensate, at least partially, for an absent VOR.
The Extrusion Rate of Grommets
Authors: Gibb Alan G. , Mackenzie Ian J.
Published: July 2017

A prospective study was performed to determine the factors Influencing the extrusion rate of tympanostomy tubes. Nine hundred thirty‐nine tubes were inserted In 589 patients and the extrusion of these tubes was reviewed up to a period of 27 months. The eight tubes used in the survey were the Shepard, Exmoor, Bobbin, Armstrong, Paparella, Shah, Arrow, and collar button. These tubes were inserted In strict rotation, the operator using the designated tube. The position, type of incision, presence of fluid, quality of tympanic membrane, and degree of difficulty of insertion were all recorded at operation. The sex, age, side of operation, and any simultaneous operative procedures were also recorded. The patients were reviewed the day after operation and then every 3 months thereafter until the tube was extruded. A definite pattern was Identified for the extrusion of each type of tube. At one end of the spectrum, Exmoor and Shepard tubes were, for the most part, extruded between 6 and 9 months after Insertion, while at the other end, most of the collar button tubes were still functioning at 18 months. The design of the tube was the only factor found to be a significant determinant of the extrusion of the tube, although the experience of the surgeon affected the extrusion rate of the Arrow tube. The different dimensions of the Exmoor and collar button tubes are examined and compared.
Cancer of the Supraglottic Larynx: A Review of 260 Patients
Authors: Desanto Lawrence W.
Published: July 2017

The treatment of supraglottic larynx cancer Is still unsettled. The current concerns are the place of conservation surgery, the use of radiation for cure with surgery for salvage, and the management of neck metastasis. In 1976, we reported our experience with treatment of 221 patients with supraglottic cancer. At that time, the issue was the oncologic safety of the conservation operations. That review affirmed that these operations were safe and effective in properly selected patients. This article Is on the study of an additional 260 patients treated in a subsequent period. The principal issues addressed in this review are (1) the frequency of recurrence at the primary site In all stages of supraglottic cancer treated surgically and (2) radical radiation with surgery for salvage. This study documents the oncologic effectiveness of the treatment of primary disease with surgery alone for stages I and II supraglottic cancer. For all stages of supraglottic cancer, this study further documents that the control of neck metastasis remains an unsolved problem.
Randomized Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Holoye Paul Y. , Grossman Thomas W. , Toohill Robert J. , Kun Larry E. , Byhardt Roger W. , Duncavage James A. , Teplin Robert W. , Ritch Paul S. , Hoffman Raymond G. , Malin Thomas C.
Published: July 2017

The ability of surgery and radiotherapy to control advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has reached its maximal potential. We initiated a randomized, prospective, stratified study of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with stage II disease of the pyrlform sinus and stage III and IV disease of the oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive either standard therapy alone or two courses of 5‐fluorouracil (B‐CMF) chemotherapy prior to and two courses after the completion of standard therapy. Standard therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation followed by radical surgery. Of 133 patients with advanced disease, 83 were included In the study—43 In the chemotherapy group and 40 In the control group. Rates of residual and recurrent disease, as well as distant metastases, were similar for the two groups. The survival rates of patients without persistent disease at the end of treatment showed no significant difference for the two groups. The study has been discontinued because statistical analysis Indicated that the addition of more patients would not materially Increase the statistical significance of the study.
Ineffectiveness of Closed Suction Drainage Cultures in the Prediction of Bacteriologie Findings in Wound Infections in Patients Undergoing Contaminated Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Becker Gary D.
Published: July 2017

Despite the use of perioperative antibiotics, wound infection remains a major source of morbidity after contaminated head and neck cancer surgery. Accurate preoperative indentification of the patient likely to develop wound infection or prediction of the pathogenic organisms would allow a rational approach to antibiotic prophylaxis or initiation of therapy at the first sign of infection. This prospective study of patients undergoing contaminated head and neck cancer surgery evaluated cultures from hemovac lines in the prediction of the patient at high risk for wound infection and the bacteriologie findings in subsequent wound infections. Cultures were obtained from aspirates of the hemovac lines in 30 patients; 13% (four of 30 patients) developed a wound infection. Aerobic isolates were recovered in 100% (30 of 30 patients). Pathogens were isolated from 75% (three of four) and 73% (19 of 26) of patients with and without infection, respectively. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 8% (two of 26) of patients. There was a correlation between hemovac isolates and the patient's subsequent recovery from the wound infection in 50% (two of four) of the infected wounds. Cultures of hemovac lines in patients undergoing contaminated head and neck cancer surgery were not predictive of the high‐risk patient or the bacteriologie findings in subsequent wound infections.
Reflex Control of Nasal Blood Vessels
Authors: Nishihira Shigeki , McCaffrey Thomas V.
Published: July 2017

The effect of stimulation of vagal afferent fibers on nasal blood vessels was studied in 36 cats. Volume change of the nasal capacitance vessels was measured by plethysmographic balloons inserted into the nose. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve produced a vasodilatation of nasal mucosa. Pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation by veratridine alkaloid and progressive lung inflation in open‐chest cats also produced a vasodilatation of the nasal mucosa. These reflexes were abolished by sectioning the vagus nerves. These results suggest a reflex arc between the lung and nasal capacitance vessels which arises from pulmonary stretch receptors.
A Technique for Intubation of the Difficult Airway
Authors: Wolf Carlos , Lejeune Francis E. , Douglas James R.
Published: July 2017

Intubation of a patient with an obstructive friable tumor mass in the hypopharynx can be difficult. A technique for solving our most difficult cases evolved after all current methods had been tried. This technique combines the use of a tubular laryngoscope and a hollow wand (or guide), through which O2 can be delivered into the trachea as the endotracheal tube is advanced past the obstructing lesion. Existing techniques are also discussed.
Analysis of the Glycerin Test for Meniere's Disease
Authors: Skalabrin Theresa A. , Mangham Charles A.
Published: July 2017

The glycerin test has low sensitivity for Meniere's disease using present published criteria. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of standard empirical criteria with our theoretically based criteria. Subjects were 47 patients with Meniere's disease and 45 patients with other causes of hearing loss and dizziness. Pure‐tone thresholds and word‐identification scores were determined before and 3 hours after administration of glycerin. The results were submitted to decision and multivariate discriminate analyses. The theoretically based criterion applied to pure‐tone threshold testing alone was the most effective protocol for glycerin testing. Combining pure‐tone thresholds and word‐Identification increased the false‐positive rate without adequately increasing the true‐positive rate, and provided no advantage over testing thresholds alone. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1987;96:282.)
Computer‐Assisted Instruction in Otolaryngology: The use of a Database for Examination Review
Authors: Friduss Michael E. , Mickel Robert A. , Smith Marshall , Zimmerman Marilyn C. , Tartell Paul B.
Published: July 2017

A database of questions and answers has been developed to assist residents in reviewing current topics in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. Each question/item has an associated answer, general category, specific category, and reference that allows cross‐referencing on the computer system. The user can search the database for categories of interest and obtain a specific subset of questions. This allows an efficient means of knowledge acquisition and review for Board examinations. Additional data entry is also facilitated to expand the database as desired. Currently there are more than 2300 items in the database.
Third Place — Resident Basic Science Award 1994: Prefabricated Microvascular Autograft in Tracheal Reconstruction
Authors: Fayad Jose , Kuriloff Daniel B.
Published: July 2017

Tracheal reconstruction continues to be a challenge in head and neck surgery. Numerous techniques, Including the use of alloplasts, composite grafts, and staged laryngotracheal troughs, have met with limited success because of Implant exposure, Infection, persistent granulation tissue, and eventual restenosis. With recently introduced techniques for soft‐tissue molding, bone induction with bone morphogenetic protein, and microvascular free tissue transfer, a rodent model was developed to create a well‐vascularized tracheal autograft. In this model, a rigid tube having the same dimensions and flexibility as the native trachea was created by wrapping a cylindrical silicone tracheal mold with a layer of vascularized adductor thigh muscle pedicled on the femoral vessels in the groin. Tracheal rings were created by filling transverse troughs in the muscle bed with bone morphogenetic protein—primed demineralized bone matrix before wrapping around the silicone mold. Grafts harvested at 2 weeks demonstrated rigid skeletal support provided by heterotopic bone formation in the form of rings and a smooth inner lining produced by fibroplasia. Bone transformation was controlled and restricted to the muscle troughs, allowing intervening regions of soft tissue and thus producing a flexible neotrachia. With this model, a homologous, vascularized tracheal autograft capable of microvascular free tissue transfer was fabricated based on the femoral vessels. Prefabrication of composite grafts, through the use of soft‐tissue molding, bone Induction, and subsequent free tissue transfer, has an unlimited potential for use in head and neck reconstruction.
Late Health Effects of Radiation for Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Previous Results and Ongoing Study in the Netherlands
Authors: Verduijn Peter G.
Published: July 2017

To study the late health effects of nasopharyngeal radium irradiation, a nonconcurrent prospective study was conducted in The Netherlands. Exposed subjects (n = 2510) were treated unilaterally with nasopharyngeal radium irradiation at five ear, nose, and throat clinics between 1945 and 1965 and followed up through February 1, 1985. Unexposed subjects (n = 2199) were matched to treated patients according to clinic, year of birth, and first consultation within 5 years. No overall significant increase in cancer mortality was found. A statistically significant difference was noted only for cumulative all‐site cancer incidence, with the exposed having twice as many verified cancers as the nonexposed. This excess risk was caused mainly by head and neck tumors and other tumors flung, digestive tract, and urogenital system). The relative risk for these specific sites, however, was not significantly different from 1.00. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that there is some risk of tumor induction involved with nasopharyngeal radium irradiation at the dose level applied to this population. Because of ongoing interest in this subject, I plan to extend the follow‐up of the cohort through December 31, 1995, and I am studying the possibility of expanding the study population.
Design of Instrument Approach Procedure Charts: Comprehending Missed Approach Instructions Coded in Text or Icons
Authors: Osborne David W. , Huntley M. Stephen
Published: July 2017

The objectives of this experiment were to determine whether coding missed approach instructions in text or icons would result in more efficient information transfer, and if the information transfer efficiency for either coding technique was dependent upon the level of information content. Twelve pilots currently licensed for instrument (IFR) flight participated as subjects. Text instructions were either taken directly or developed from instructions found on National Ocean Service (NOS) instrument approach procedure charts. These instructions possessed one of three levels of information content: low, medium, and high. Across the range of information content levels, iconic missed approach instructions were comprehended more quickly and as accurately as instructions coded in text of the font style and size used by NOS. Regardless of coding technique, report accuracy was significantly worse for instructions with a high information content level. Pilots indicated that in single pilot IFR conditions, they would rather have the iconic than the text version of the missed approach instructions.
Praying against the Enemy
Authors: Grosse Christian
Published: July 2017

Contrary to the rule of charity but having some biblical basis, imprecatory prayer and the practice of asking God to act against enemies have always been controversial. In sixteenth-century confessional conflicts, however, any reluctance to use such prayers faded. During the Wars of Religion the first theological justifications appeared and cursing prayers were provided to worshippers. Alongside other practices these prayers shaped the collective identity of the French-speaking Reformed people. They clearly discriminated the faithful from God's enemies, expressed the hope that divine providence would act against these enemies, and led people to identify their fate with that of Old Testament Hebrews. Yet from the end of the seventeenth century such prayer was gradually rejected, above all by learned Reformed people who saw tolerance as a new characteristic feature of Reformed identity.

Contraires à la charité, mais trouvant des fondements bibliques, l'imprécation et la pratique consistant à demander l'intervention divine contre un ennemi ont toujours fait l'objet de controverses. Cependant, dans le contexte des conflits confessionnels du seizième siècle, les réticences s'estompent. Avec les guerres de Religion, apparaissent les premières justifications théologiques de cette forme de prière et des textes d'oraisons contre l'ennemi sont mis à disposition des fidèles. En parallèle avec d'autres pratiques, ces prières contribuent alors à structurer l'identité collective des réformés francophones : elles distinguent fortement les fidèles des ennemis de Dieu, expriment l'espoir d'une intervention de la providence divine contre ces derniers et conduisent les réformés à identifier leur destin avec celui des Hébreux de l'Ancien Testament. A partir de la fin du dix-septième siècle, cette forme de prière est progressivement rejetée, en particulier par les élites savantes réformées qui font de la tolérance un nouveau trait distinctif de l'identité réformée.
METHODOLOGY OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW
Authors: Лебедева Елена , Lebedeva Elena
Published: July 2017

The methodological approach forms the strategy and program knowledge of reality from the standpoint of scientific and practical aspects of life. The article attempts to analyze the current state of the theory of law by applying scientific methodology. The author emphasizes the prospects of using the scientific analysis of the functions of law. Any object designed to operate in a predetermined manner. The operation results in the presence of the system functionality or its absence. Operation and functionality are related as cause and effect. We consider separately the methods of scientific knowledge of law functions: structural - functional analysis and synthesis, pairing categories for the objective truth of knowledge, information, duality as a way of analysis methodology and functional relationships, and forecasting and others. The methodology of the analysis of the functional development of the law forms the conclusion of the specific techniques do not individually but in a sequence prioritization. It raised the question of the role of the legal entity in the implementation of the functions of law. Learning methodology allows the author to create complex function theory of modern Russian law.
Resilience as part of nursing education: supporting nurses in times of austerity
Authors: Scammell Janet
Published: July 2017

Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, discusses the challenging environment nurses are working in and the role of resilience in creating a sustainable NHS workforce
You can never be too ‘care-full’
Authors: Price-Dowd Clare
Published: July 2017

In her second blog in the series, Clare Price-Dowd, Senior Programme Lead, NHS Leadership Academy, Leeds, talks about the importance of care in nurses' day-to-day lives, both for patients and colleagues
Survival rate and pressure ulcer prevalence in patients with and without dementia: a retrospective study
Authors: Jaul E. , Rosenzweig J.P. , Meiron O.
Published: July 2017

Objective:

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PUs) in older patients with advanced dementia versus older patients without dementia but with other comorbidities, such as diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and chronic renal failure. PUs were thought to be more prevalent and to present a higher risk of mortality in patients with dementia.

Method:

PUs were assessed on admission using the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) staging system. Patients were classified as either with or without dementia according to Reisberg's functional assessment staging test (FAST). The prevalence of PUs and the survival rates were analysed and compared in both groups. The combined effect of PUs and dementia on survival was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results:

The median survival rate of patients with PUs and dementia was 63 days, significantly lower than in patients with PUs without dementia 117 days. Both groups had similar other comorbidities.

Conclusion:

These findings underscore the requirement for geriatricians and health professionals to be more vigilant in examining PUs as dementia progresses.
The use of a micropore particle technology in the treatment of acute wounds
Authors: Ryan E.
Published: July 2017

Objective:

A clinical audit was performed to evaluate whether Acapsil micropore particle technology (MPPT) powder could improve the management of acute wounds to heal by secondary intention.

Method:

Wounds, which could be characterised as sloughy, wet and probably infected, normally managed by debridement followed by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), were included in the evaluation. The MPPT powder was applied topically to the wound surface either once daily or on alternate days, with each wound receiving a total of two to five applications. Most patients had NPWT after the MPPT powder treatment had finished to assist healing.

Results:

The study included nine patients with dehisced surgical wounds and one with a category IV pressure ulcer (PU). The wounds were generally covered in slough, exudate and showing signs of local infection. The topical MPPT powder rapidly desloughed the wounds, controlled exudate levels, promoted granulation and was well tolerated. All wounds proceeded towards closure.

Conclusion:

Comparison of the present data with MPPT powder to standard treatment suggests that the speed of healing using MPPT was improved.
Hydroconductive and silver-impregnated foam dressings: a comparison
Authors: A. Alkhalil , A. Day , K.W. Monger , J. Zhang , B.C. Carney , H.N. Hoffman , L.T. Moffatt , J.W. Shupp
Published: July 2017

Objective:

As the number of commercially available wound dressings is increasing rapidly, it is important for clinicians to understand the strengths and limitations of each and to recognise relationships between wound type and dressing properties to obtain optimal healing results. Our aim is to test the antimicrobial activity of two dressings.

Method:

A hydroconductive (HC) dressing and a silver-impregnated foam (SIF) dressing were compared for their potential to reduce the levels meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We also assessed MRSA-derived biologically active components in liquid or agar matrices, simplified models for heavily exuding or dry wounds respectively, and in an in vivo animal model with MRSA infected wounds.

Results:

In the agar model (dry wounds) both dressings showed a strong reduction in MRSA activities within 24 hours post-application. The antibacterial effects of the SIF dressing were more pronounced in the liquid model, however, at an increasing cytotoxic cost. In agreement with these in vitro results, assessment of dressings using an MRSA-infected wound in an rat model showed a decrease in MRSA which was significant 7 days post-burn and inoculation, with more compromised viability of MRSA. Dressings showed a similar capability to reduced and eliminate toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) at day 7 post-burn in the animal model but not at day 4, where the SIF dressing was more potent

Conclusion:

These results confirm the advantages of using silver in reducing bacterial load in wound treatment, except for conditions of highly exuding wounds where the cytotoxic properties of silver may offset these advantages and HC dressing use is more suitable
Lipoedema complicated by secondary lymphoedema
Authors: Williams Dr Anne , MacEwan Isobel
Published: July 2017

Anne Williams and Isobel MacEwan of Talk Lipoedema supply an overview of an often misunderstood disorder and the effects of additional complications – and provide guidance for supporting self-management in patients

This article explores the pathophysiology of lipoedema, and the changes to the lymphatic system in someone with lipoedema. It aims to identify some of the challenges for individuals who live with lipoedema complicated by secondary lymphoedema, and provides information for health professionals in managing associated problems such as cellulitis.
Research roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: July 2017

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided
Optimization of the Wing Parameters for a Winged Subsoiler
Authors: Hang Chengguang , Gao Xijie , Wang Botao , Yuan Mengchan , Huang Yuxiang , Zhu Ruixiang
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT. The wing parameters of a subsoiler, such as the location and angle of the wings, have an important impact on the operating performance of the winged subsoilers. To study the comprehensive effect of wing parameters and to determine the optimal parameters of a winged subsoiler, a field experiment was conducted. The experimental factors were the mounting height (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mm), sweep angle(5°, 15°, 25°, 35°, and 45°) and mounting angle(5°, 15°, 25°, 35°, and 45°). The draft force of the subsoiler and the disturbed soil area were measured; these two variables defined the Specific Draft Force (SDF). The SDF was used as the response index to evaluate the performance of the winged subsoiler. The mathematical model of regression between experimental factors and SDF was established. The results showed that the normal probability distribution of the predicted and measured values of SDF tended to be linear, indicating that the credibility of the results of the analysis was higher. The mounting height, mounting angle, and sweep angle had interactive effects on SDF. The order of significance was mounting height, mounting angle, and sweep angle. The experimental parameters were optimized by Design-Expert 8.0 software: 124 mm for the mounting height, 45° for the mounting angle, and 45° for the sweep angle. This optimal combination of parameters resulted in a SDF of 69.9 kN/m2. The winged subsoiler designed using the optimization results showed that the average value of SDF was 78.73 kN/m2: significantly lower than SDF (79.34-95.33 kN/m2) before optimization. Keywords: Mounting angle, Mounting height, Optimization, Parameter, Specific Draft Force (SDF), Subsoiler, Sweep angle, Wing.
Predicting Forest Road Surface Erosion and Storm Runoff from High-Elevation Sites
Authors: Grace III Johnny McFero
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Forest roads are a concern in management because they represent areas of elevated risks associated with soil erosion and storm runoff connectivity to stream systems. Storm runoff emanating from forest roads and their connectivity to downslope resources can be influenced by a myriad of factors, including storm characteristics, management practices, and the interaction of management practices and successive storm events. Mitigating sediment export and ensuring that storm runoff has negligible impacts on downstream resources requires a more complete understanding of forest road erosion and sediment delivery dynamics. Progress in the area of road and stream connectivity issues hinges on reliable prediction tools to inform broader-scale modeling of watershed-scale effects of forest roads and management practices. In this study, the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was evaluated based on the results from 156 runoff-generating storm events during a continuous five-year study of nine high-elevation road sections in the Appalachian Mountains. The model adequately predicted sediment yield from the road sections with an overall Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (E) of 0.76, Willmott refined index of agreement (dr) of 0.56, percent error of 5%, and average storm difference (ASD) of 1.2 kg. In contrast, WEPP predictions of storm runoff were not as good, and the poor agreement was attributed to an inability to determine the source area for runoff from some of the larger runoff events. In general, the WEPP model for these high-elevation sites adequately described the sediment yield for the road sections. Keywords: Forest roads, Long-term simulation, Runoff, Sediment, Water Erosion Modeling, WEPP.
Crop and Location Specific Agricultural Drought Quantification: Part I. Method Development
Authors: McDaniel Rachel L. , Munster Clyde , Cothren J. Tom
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

The prevailing definition of drought is low moisture conditions over a period of time; however, no single definition exists for drought. The numerous drought definitions and classifications have led to many indices that attempt to quantify drought. Most of these indices rely on a single variable, such as precipitation or soil moisture, and do not consider crop-specific information such as threshold values, which cause crop stress when exceeded. An example of a crop threshold is the soil moisture value below which the crop experiences stress. The goal of this study was to provide a new methodology to quantify drought for a specific crop at a specific location, allowing water management decisions on a crop-specific basis. This was achieved by scaling and combining five factors: precipitation, temperature, biomass production, soil moisture, and transpiration. The scaled temperature and soil moisture are calculated using crop-specific stress thresholds, whereas the scaled precipitation is calculated by using location-specific normal values. Transpiration stress is a crop and location specific value that is calculated by comparing the actual transpiration to the daily maximum transpiration. The biomass production is also a crop and location specific value that uses the normal values for linear scaling. The variables are combined with multiple linear regression models that estimate crop yields. A single model is created for each week of the growing season using the variable or variables that are significant for that week. The predicted yield deciles indicate the yield trend based on crop water stress and are therefore used as the crop-specific drought index. Keywords: Crop modeling, Drought, Drought index, Hydrologic modeling, SWAT, Water conservation, Water management, Water stress.
Effects of Controlled Drainage on Water Table Recession Rate
Authors: Saadat Samaneh , Bowling Laura , Frankenberger Jane , Brooks Kyle
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Controlled drainage is a best management practice that decreases nitrate loads from subsurface drainage, but questions remain about optimal operation strategies. One unanswered question is whether the outlet should be lowered prior to or directly after a rainfall event to reduce the amount of time that the water table is at a level that would be detrimental to either trafficability or crop yield. The objective of this study was to determine how much controlled drainage lengthens the time needed for the water table to fall after a rainfall event, to inform possible improvement in the management of controlled drainage systems. This objective was addressed using water table recession rates from two pairs of controlled and free-draining fields located at the Davis Purdue Agricultural Center in Indiana over a period of nine years (2006-2014). At each pair, comparison of mean recession rates from the two fields indicated that controlled drainage reduced recession rate. The significance of the relationship between paired observations and the effect of controlled drainage was determined by a paired watershed approach using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and covariance (ANCOVA). Raising the outlet of the subsurface drainage system decreased the mean rate of water table recession by 29% to 62%, increasing the time needed for the water table level to fall from the surface to 30 and 60 cm depths by approximately 12 to 26 h and 24 to 53 h, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that lowering the outlet before storm events would reduce the amount of time that the water table is at a detrimental level for either crop growth or trafficability. However, the trade-off between costs and benefits of active management depends on the sensitivity of the crop and probability of a severe storm. Keywords: Drainage water management, Managed drainage, Paired watershed approach, Tile drainage, Water table drawdown.
A Process-Based Model for Cattle Manure Compost Windrows: Part 1. Model Description
Authors: Bonifacio Henry F. , Rotz C. Alan , Richard Tom L.
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

Composting is an alternative management practice for handling and storing manure in intensive cattle production systems. With composting, cattle manure is converted into a soil amendment with improved nutrient and physical properties and is easier to handle. Despite its benefits, composting can produce large amounts of gaseous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) emissions that include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3). A process-based model for cattle manure compost windrows was developed and incorporated into the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM, v. 4.3), a whole-farm simulation model of crop, dairy, and beef production systems. Designed to simulate the different processes that influence C and N balances in windrows, the compost windrow model predicts changes in C (organic C, microbial C) and N (organic N, microbial N, ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N)) contents in the windrow; CO2, CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions throughout composting; and corresponding C and N losses. To increase its accuracy in simulating the different processes occurring during composting, the compost windrow model was also designed to predict environmental conditions within windrows, which include moisture content, temperature, and oxygen availability, and changes in windrow material physical properties, such as bulk and particle densities. Modeling routines and relationships of the compost windrow model are described. Evaluation of its performance in predicting windrow environmental conditions, physical and chemical properties, and gaseous emissions is documented in an accompanying article. Keywords: Cattle manure, Composting, Emissions, IFSM, Process-based modeling..