bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in ultraviolet photodetectors based on II–VI group compound semiconductors
Authors: Wang Jiang , Xing Yue , Wan Fang , Fu Can , Xu Chen-Hao , Liang Feng-Xia , Luo Lin-Bao
Published: September 2022

This review provides an overview of the basic concepts and operation mechanisms of ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs), the main research status, and future outlooks of II–VI group compound semiconductor-based UVPDs.
Highly enhanced visible light photodetection properties of a ZnO phototransistor via an additional solution processed thin Al2O3 layer
Authors: Jeong Jun Hyung , Shin Jae Seung , Ma Jin Hyun , Kang Seong Jae , Kang Seong Jun
Published: September 2022

A visible-light phototransistor have been fabricated by adding a solution-processed thin Al2O3 layer under the ZnO layer to improve the visible-light photodetection.
Characterizing the hygroscopicity and volatility of single levitated aerosol dropletsviaoptical tweezers-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tong Yu-Kai , Fang Teng , Wu Zhijun , Hu Min , Ye Anpei
Published: September 2022

This work constructed an opticals tweezers-Raman spectroscopy system to characterize the size variation of single aerosols and quantify the their hygroscopicity and volatility.
Stochastic population dynamics of cancer stemness and adaptive response to therapies
Authors: Jain Paras , Duddu Atchuta Srinivas , Jolly Mohit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Intratumoral heterogeneity can exist along multiple axes: Cancer stem cells (CSCs)/non-CSCs, drug-sensitive/drug-tolerant states, and a spectrum of epithelial–hybrid–mesenchymal phenotypes. Further, these diverse cell-states can switch reversibly among one another, thereby posing a major challenge to therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding the origins of phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity remains an active area of investigation. While genomic components (mutations, chromosomal instability) driving heterogeneity have been well-studied, recent reports highlight the role of non-genetic mechanisms in enabling both phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity. Here, we discuss various processes underlying phenotypic plasticity such as stochastic gene expression, chromatin reprogramming, asymmetric cell division and the presence of multiple stable gene expression patterns (‘attractors’). These processes can facilitate a dynamically evolving cell population such that a subpopulation of (drug-tolerant) cells can survive lethal drug exposure and recapitulate population heterogeneity on drug withdrawal, leading to relapse. These drug-tolerant cells can be both pre-existing and also induced by the drug itself through cell-state reprogramming. The dynamics of cell-state transitions both in absence and presence of the drug can be quantified through mathematical models. Such a dynamical systems approach to elucidating patterns of intratumoral heterogeneity by integrating longitudinal experimental data with mathematical models can help design effective combinatorial and/or sequential therapies for better clinical outcomes.
Introduction to the special issue on symmetry in the life sciences — symmetry and asymmetry across biological scales
Authors: Graham John H.
Published: September 2022

In this special issue of Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, we present a series of mini-reviews of some of the most exciting research involving the concept of symmetry. This research spans the biological sciences from proteins to ecosystems. The reviews examine protein and floral symmetry, primate brain and behavioral asymmetries, geometric morphometrics, and various fluctuating asymmetries.
Neuroanatomical asymmetries in nonhuman primates in the homologs to Broca's and Wernicke's areas: a mini-review
Authors: Hopkins William D.
Published: September 2022

Population-level lateralization in structure and function is a fundamental measure of the human nervous system. To what extent nonhuman primates exhibit similar patterns of asymmetry remains a topic of considerable scientific interest. In this mini-review, a brief summary of findings on brain asymmetries in nonhuman primates in brain regions considered to the homolog's to Broca's and Wernicke's area are presented. Limitations of existing and directions for future studies are discussed in the context of facilitating comparative investigations in primates.
Untethered near‐field drone‐based antenna measurement system for microwave frequencies using multiple reference antennas for phase and drone location recovery
Authors: Parini Clive G. , Gregson Stuart F. , Brown Anthony K.
Published: September 2022

The simulation of a novel drone‐based near‐field (NF)/far‐field (FF) antenna measurement system enabling the reconstruction of Antenna Under Test (AUT) phase and the true location of the untethered drone using multiple land‐based reference antennas is described. The mathematical approach follows the principle used within Global Positioning System (GPS) position and time recovery. Conceptually, the satellites are replaced by ground‐based reference antennas of known location, the user location is now the drone location and the user clock offset is replaced by the unknown AUT phase radiated at the angle subtended between the AUT and drone location. This addresses the need for drone‐based NF/FF antenna measurement of large in situ VHF/UHF antenna arrays plus the need to measure the installed performance of microwave antennas on structures such as buildings, aircraft and ships. To assess the viability, a computer simulation of the measurement system is constructed and its performance is analysed in terms of the accuracy of reconstruction of the AUT phase and true drone location, as well as the NF/FF radiation pattern accuracy in terms of the equivalent multipath level (EMPL). An example measurement ‘range’, comprising AUT location and six fixed reference antennas, demonstrates a wide AUT operating bandwidth of (0.5–2) GHz, with EMPL < −50 dB over the forward hemisphere.
Linking star formation thresholds and truncations in the thin and thick disks of the low-mass galaxy UGC 7321
Authors: Díaz-García S. , Comerón S. , Courteau S. , Watkins A. E. , Knapen J. H. , Román J.
Published: September 2022

Thin and thick disks are found in most spiral galaxies, yet their formation scenarios remain uncertain. Whether thick disks form through slow or fast, internal or environmental, processes is unclear. The physical origin of outer truncations in thin and thick disks, observed as a drop in optical and near-infrared (NIR) surface brightness profiles, is also a much debated topic. These truncations have been linked to star formation (SF) thresholds in Milky-Way-type galaxies, but no such connection has been made for their low-mass counterparts or in thick disks. Our photometric analysis of the edge-on galaxy UGC 7321 offers a possible breakthrough. This well-studied diffuse, isolated, bulgeless, ultra-thin galaxy is thought to be under-evolved both dynamically and in SF. It is an ideal target for disentangling internal effects in the formation of thick disks and truncations. Our axial light profiles from deep far- and near-ultraviolet (GALEX) images, tracing recent SF, and optical (DESI grz) and NIR (Spitzer 3.6 μm) images, tracing old stellar populations, enable a detailed identification of an outer truncation in all probed wavelengths in both the thin and thick disks. After deprojecting to a face-on view, a sharp truncation signature is found at a stellar density of 1.5 ± 0.5 ℳ⊙ pc−2, in agreement with theoretical expectations of gas density SF thresholds. The redder colours beyond the truncation radius are indicative of stellar migration towards the outer regions. We thus show that thick disks and truncations can form via internal mechanisms alone, given the pristine nature of UGC 7321. We report the discovery of a truncation at and above the mid-plane of a diffuse galaxy that is linked to a SF threshold; this poses a constraint on physically motivated disk size measurements among low-mass galaxies.
GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT)
Authors: Gangi M. , Antoniucci S. , Biazzo K. , Frasca A. , Nisini B. , Alcalá J. M. , Giannini T. , Manara C. F. , Giunta A. , Harutyunyan A. , Munari U. , Vitali F.
Published: September 2022

Aims. In the framework of the GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT) project, we study the accretion properties of 37 classical T Tauri stars of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region (SFR) with the aim of characterizing their relation with the properties of the central star, with jets and disk winds, and with the global disk structure, in synergy with complementary ALMA millimeter observations.

Methods. We derive the stellar parameters, optical veiling, the accretion luminosity (Lacc), and the mass accretion rate (Ṁacc) in a homogeneous and self-consistent way using high-resolution spectra acquired at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo with the HARPS-N and GIANO spectrographs that are flux-calibrated based on contemporaneous low-resolution spectroscopic and photometric ancillary observations.

Results. The Lacc–L*, Ṁacc–M* and Ṁacc–Mdisk relations of the Taurus sample are provided and compared with those of the coeval SFRs of Lupus and Chamaeleon I. We analyzed possible causes for the observed large spreads in the relations. We find that (i) a proper modeling in deriving the stellar properties in highly spotted stars can reduce the spread of the Ṁacc–M* relation, (ii) transitional disks tend to have lower Ṁacc at a given M*, (iii) stars in multiple systems have higher Ṁacc at the same Mdisk, (iv) the Ṁacc versus disk surface density has a smaller spread than the Ṁacc–Mdisk, indicating that opacity effects might be important in the derivation of Mdisk. Finally, the luminosities of the [O i] 630 nm narrow low-velocity component and high-velocity component (HVC) and the deprojected HVC peak velocity were found to correlate with the accretion luminosity. We discuss these correlations in the framework of the currently accepted models of jets and winds.

Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the potential of contemporaneous optical and near-infrared high-resolution spectroscopy to simultaneously provide precise measurements of the stellar wind and accretion wind properties of young stars.
First look with JWST spectroscopy: Resemblance among z ∼ 8 galaxies and local analogs
Authors: Schaerer D. , Marques-Chaves R. , Barrufet L. , Oesch P. , Izotov Y. I. , Naidu R. , Guseva N. G. , Brammer G.
Published: September 2022

Deep images and near-IR spectra of galaxies in the field of the lensing cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327 were recently taken as part of the Early Release Observations (EROs) program of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Among these, two NIRSpec spectra of galaxies, at z = 7.7 and at z = 8.5, were obtained, revealing, for the first time, the rest-frame optical emission line spectra of galaxies in the epoch of reionization, including the detection of the important [O III]λ4363 auroral line (see JWST PR 2022-035). We present an analysis of the emission line properties of these galaxies, finding that these galaxies have a high excitation (as indicated by high ratios of [O III]λ5007/[O II] λ3727, [Ne III] λ3869/[O II] λ3727), strong [O III]λ4363, high equivalent widths, and other properties typical of low-metallicity star-forming galaxies. Using the direct method, we determined oxygen abundances of 12 + log(O/H)≈7.9 in two z = 7.7 galaxies and a lower metallicity of 12 + log(O/H)≈7.4 − 7.5 (∼5% solar) in the z = 8.5 galaxy using different strong line methods. More accurate metallicity determinations will require better data. With stellar masses estimated from spectral energy distribution (SED) fits, we find that the three galaxies lie close to or below the z ∼ 2 mass-metallicity relation. Overall, these first galaxy spectra at z ∼ 8 show a strong resemblance in their the emission line properties of galaxies in the epoch of reionization with those of relatively rare local analogs previously studied with the SDSS. Clearly, the first JWST observations demonstrate already the incredible power of spectroscopy to reveal the properties of galaxies in the early Universe.
A galaxy group candidate at z  ≈  3.7 in the COSMOS field
Authors: Sillassen Nikolaj B. , Jin Shuowen , Magdis Georgios E. , Daddi Emanuele , Weaver John R. , Gobat Raphael , Kokorev Vasily , Valentino Francesco , Finoguenov Alexis , Shuntov Marko , Gómez-Guijarro Carlos , Coogan Rosemary , Greve Thomas R. , Toft Sune , Blanquez Sese David
Published: September 2022

We report a galaxy group candidate HPC1001 at z ≈ 3.7 in the COSMOS field. This structure was selected as a high galaxy overdensity at z > 3 in the COSMOS2020 catalog. It contains ten candidate members, of which eight are assembled in a 10″ × 10″ area with the highest sky density among known protoclusters and groups at z > 3. Four out of ten sources were also detected at 1.2 mm with Atacama Large Millimeter Array continuum observations. Photometric redshifts, measured by four independent methods, fall within a narrow range of 3.5 < z < 3.9 and with a weighted average of z = 3.65 ± 0.07. The integrated far-IR-to-radio spectral energy distribution yields a total UV and IR star formation rate SFR ≈ 900 M⊙ yr−1. We also estimated a halo mass of ∼1013 M⊙ for the structure, which at this redshift is consistent with potential cold gas inflow. Remarkably, the most massive member has a specific star formation rate and dust to stellar mass ratio of Mdust/M* that are both significantly lower than that of star-forming galaxies at this redshift, suggesting that HPC1001 could be a z ≈ 3.7 galaxy group in maturing phase. If confirmed, this would be the earliest structure in maturing phase to date, and an ideal laboratory to study the formation of the earliest quiescent galaxies as well as cold gas accretion in dense environments.
Homological- and analytical-preserving serendipity framework for polytopal complexes, with application to the DDR method
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A. , Droniou Jérôme
Published: September 2022

In this work we investigate from a broad perspective the reduction of degrees of freedom through serendipity techniques for polytopal methods compatible with Hilbert complexes. We first establish an abstract framework that, given two complexes connected by graded maps, identifies a set of properties enabling the transfer of the homological and analytical properties from one complex to the other. This abstract framework is designed having in mind discrete complexes, with one of them being a reduced version of the other, such as occurring when applying serendipity techniques to numerical methods. We then use this framework as an overarching blueprint to design a serendipity DDR complex. Thanks to the combined use of higher-order reconstructions and serendipity, this complex compares favorably in terms of degrees of freedom (DOF) count to all the other polytopal methods previously introduced and also to finite elements on certain element geometries. The gain resulting from such a reduction in the number of DOFs is numerically evaluated on two model problems: a magnetostatic model, and the Stokes equations.
Exact Insurance Premiums for Cyber Risk of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Chiaradonna Stefano , Lanchier Nicolas
Published: September 2022

As cyber attacks have become more frequent, cyber insurance premiums have increased, resulting in the need for better modeling of cyber risk. Toward this direction, Jevtić and Lanchier [Insur. Math. Econ. 91 (2020) 209–223] proposed a dynamic structural model of aggregate loss distribution for cyber risk of small and medium-sized enterprises under the assumption of a tree-based local-area-network topology that consists of the combination of a Poisson process, homogeneous random trees, bond percolation processes, and cost topology. Their model assumes that the contagion spreads through the edges of the network with the same fixed probability in both directions, thus overlooking a dynamic cyber security environment implemented in most networks, and their results give an exact expression for the mean of the aggregate loss but only a rough upper bound for the variance. In this paper, we consider a bidirectional version of their percolation model in which the contagion spreads through the edges of the network with a certain probability of moving toward the lower level assets of the network but with another probability of moving toward the higher level assets of the network, which results in a more realistic cyber security environment. In addition, our mathematical approach is quite different and leads to exact expressions for both the mean and the variance of the aggregate loss, and therefore an exact expression for the insurance premiums.
Homoeopathic Management of Sub-acute Appendicitis—A Case Report
Authors: Nath Arunava , Palit Deb Kumar , Kundu Nivedita , Lakshmi S. Seetha
Published: September 2022

Sub-acute appendicitis is a condition where some episodes of acute appendicitis apparently subside spontaneously before they reach the acute stage. A 29-year-old man presented with pain in the right iliac fossa for the last 1 week with periumbilical radiation of pain associated with continual nausea, occasional bouts of vomiting, chill and rigours. Computed tomography scan report suggested a case of sub-acute appendicitis. On the basis of presenting features, the patient was treated with Belladonna and Calcarea carbonica in 30c and 200c (centesimal) potencies, respectively, with repetitions. The patient was under treatment for nearly 6 months with favourable improvement of the generalities along with the underlying pathology. The case was indicative of further studies with adequate sample size in such pathological condition to come to any decisive conclusion.
The Effects of Hysterectomy on Urinary and Sexual Functions of Women with Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Firmeza Mariana Alves , Vasconcelos Camila Teixeira Moreira , Vasconcelos Neto José Ananias , Brito Luiz Gustavo de Oliveira , Alves Flávio Mendes , Oliveira Natália Maria de Vasconcelos
Published: September 2022

Objective This systematic review aims at describing the prevalence of urinary and sexual symptoms among women who underwent a hysterectomy for cervical cancer.

Methods A systematic search in six electronic databases was performed, in September 2019, by two researchers. The text search was limited to the investigation of prevalence or occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunctions in women who underwent a hysterectomy for cervical cancer. For search strategies, specific combinations of terms were used.

Results A total of 8 studies, published between 2010 and 2018, were included in the sample. The average age of the participants ranged from 40 to 56 years, and the dysfunctions predominantly investigated in the articles were urinary symptoms (n = 8). The rates of urinary incontinence due to radical abdominal hysterectomy ranged from 7 to 31%. The same dysfunction related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy varied from 25 to 35% and to laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy varied from 25 to 47%. Nocturia ranged from 13%, before treatment, to 30%, after radical hysterectomy. The prevalence rates of dyspareunia related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy ranged from 5 to 16% and 7 to 19% respectively. The difficulty in having orgasm was related to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (10 to 14%) and laparoscopic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy (9 to 19%).

Conclusion Urinary and sexual dysfunctions after radical hysterectomy to treat cervical cancer are frequent events. The main reported disorders were urinary incontinence and dyspareunia.
Anteromedial Portal versus Transtibial Drilling Techniques for Femoral Tunnel Placement in Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Radiographic Evaluation and Functional Outcomes at 2 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Gabr Ayman , Khan Mohsin , Kini Sunil G. , Haddad Fares
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to compare the functional and radiographic outcomes of arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using either the anteromedial (AM) portal technique or transtibial (TT) technique. We identified 404 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR by a single surgeon between January 2006 and December 2016 at our institution. The TT portal was utilized in femoral tunnel drilling in 202 patients (TT group) while the AM portal was used in 202 patients (AM group). The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 26 months (range: 24–33 months). Postoperative radiographic femoral and tibial tunnel positions were assessed by two independent observers. Functional outcomes were evaluated with Tegner, Lysholm, and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score (KOOS) scores. On the anteroposterior plain radiographs, the mean femoral tunnel position relative to the lateral femoral condyle was 46.8% for the AM group versus 48.6% in the TT group, respectively (p=0.003). The mean graft inclination angle was 31.9° and 22° in the AM and TT groups, respectively (p<0.0001). On the lateral radiographs, the mean femoral tunnel placement across Blumensaat's line in relation to the anterior femoral cortex was 84% in the AM group while it was 78% in the TT group (p<0.0001). At 2 years postoperatively, there were no significant differences in the mean Tegner, Lysholm, and KOOS scores between the two patient groups. The graft failure rate at 2 years follow-up was 4.5% (n=9) in the AM group while it was 2.5% (n=5) in the TT group (p=0.2). Femoral tunnel placement was more anatomical with the AM portal technique compared with the TT technique. However, there was no significant difference in postoperative functional outcomes between the two patient groups. The AM portal technique appears to have a higher graft failure rate. This might be attributed to increased graft loading in an anatomical position.
Hemostatic Effects of Tranexamic Acid in Cesarean Delivery: An Ancillary Study of the TRAAP2 Study
Authors: Roullet Stéphanie , Rivoire Timothée , Houssin Clémence , Labrouche Sylvie , Paquin Sandrine , Nouette-Gaulain Karine , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine , Amiral Jean , James Chloé , Sentilhes Loïc
Published: September 2022

Background Fibrinolysis activation during delivery contributes to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Clot lysis time studied with the global fibrinolytic capacity device (GFC/LT) is a functional test which rapidly assesses fibrinolytic profile. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an efficient antifibrinolytic therapy.

Methods We prospectively studied fibrinolysis and coagulation in 33 women included in the TRAAP2 trial, which aimed to assess the impact of TXA in preventing PPH following a cesarean delivery. TXA or placebo was randomly administered after childbirth as part of the TRAAP2 trial's protocol. Fibrinolytic (GFC/LT, plasma concentration of fibrinolysis activators and inhibitors) and hemostatic parameters were assayed at three sample times (TREF [T-reference] after anesthesia, T15 and T120minutes after TXA, or placebo administration).

Results All cesarean deliveries were elective. In the placebo group, the clot lysis time assessed with GFC/LT significantly decreased between TREF and T120, indicating an activated fibrinolysis (44 [interquartile range, IQR: 40–48] vs. 34 [IQR: 30–36] minutes, p<0.001). In both TXA and placebo groups, significant fluctuations of the plasmatic concentrations of fibrinolytic mediators were noticed over time, suggesting fibrinolysis activation. Clot lysis time measured by GFC/LT was significantly increased in women of the TXA group as compared with those in the placebo group at T15 (120 [120–120] vs. 36 [34–41] minutes, p<0.001) and T120minutes (113 [99–120] vs. 34 [30–36] minutes, p<0.001) after drug administration, indicating a decreased in fibrinolysis in those women.

Conclusion GFC/LT evidenced fibrinolysis activation during cesarean delivery, linked to a decrease in fibrinolytic inhibitors. GFC/LT revealed a significant antifibrinolytic effect of TXA compared with placebo.
Homoeopathic Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Sahoo Sanjib , Bhattacharya Soumya , Dutta Abhijit
Published: September 2022

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary disorder having a significant socioeconomic burden. Primary abnormality may be in muscle membrane, due to the alterations of dystrophin protein. The patient usually has trouble in muscular activities like running, climbing staircases, jumping, getting up from the ground, suffers from frequent falls and gait abnormality. Owing to the limited therapeutic modality for DMD in conventional medicine, an alternative approach is warranted.

Case Report An 8-year-old male child presented with unsteady gait, frequent falls, polymyalgia and weakness of limbs. Based on the clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, we diagnosed the case as DMD. On laboratory investigation, the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level was significantly raised. After a thorough clinical evaluation, he was treated with Radium bromide, Veratrum viride and Calcarea phosphorica at different time points. Clinically, the improvement was marked in regard to symptomatology and reduced serum CPK level.

Conclusion This is the first case demonstrating a favourable therapeutic course of homoeopathic treatment in DMD. For any further conclusion regarding the causal attribution, an individualistic n-of-1 trial may be warranted.
In the Mind of the Ophthalmology Residency Applicant: Deciding Where to Apply, Interview, and Rank
Authors: Jin Joy Q. , Ahmad Tessnim R. , Parikh Neeti , Srikumaran Divya , Woreta Fasika , Ramanathan Saras
Published: September 2022

Objective This article characterizes the resources used by ophthalmology residency applicants when deciding where to apply, interview, and rank.

Design Cross-sectional, online survey.

Participants All applicants to the University of California–San Francisco ophthalmology residency program during the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 application cycles.

Methods A secure, anonymous, 19-item post-match questionnaire was distributed to participants inquiring about demographic information, match outcomes, and resources used to learn and make decisions about residency programs. Results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

Main Outcome Measures Qualitative ranking of resources used to decide where to apply, interview, and rank.

Results One hundred thirty-six of 870 solicited applicants responded to the questionnaire, for a response rate of 15.6%. Digital platforms were ranked as more important resources than people (i.e., faculty, career advisors, residents, and program directors) when applicants were deciding where to apply and interview. Digital platforms became far less important when applicants were formulating their rank lists, at which time the program's academic reputation, perceived happiness of residents and faculty, interview experience, and geographic location were more important. When learning about residency programs, 100% of respondents engaged with program Web sites, and the majority engaged with program emails (n=88 [85.4%]), Doximity (n=82 [79.6%]), Reddit (n=64 [62.1%]), Instagram (n=59 [57.3%]), the FREIDA residency program database (n=55 [53.4%]), and YouTube (n=53 [51.5%]). All 13 digital platforms included in the survey were utilized by at least 25% of respondents, largely passively (i.e., reading rather than producing content). Respondents indicated that the most important topics to include on program Web sites were the number of residents accepted per year, current resident profiles, and resident alumni job/fellowship placement.

Conclusion Applicants engage heavily with digital media in deciding where to apply and interview but rely heavily on their personal experiences with the program in deciding where to rank. Ophthalmology programs may facilitate recruitment of applicants by optimizing their digital media platforms.
Scattering of spin waves in a multimode waveguide under the influence of confined magnetic skyrmion
Authors: Kotus Katarzyna A. , Moalic Mathieu , Zelent Matusz , Krawczyk Maciej , Gruszecki Pawel
Published: September 2022

Nontrivial magnetization textures, such as skyrmions, have become a driving force in the physics of magnetism. Furthermore, the utilization of magnetization textures is fueling the development of magnon-based technologies that could provide beyond-CMOS solutions. Here, using a self-developed spin wave (SW) excitation scheme, we selectively excite specific modes and investigate the scattering of SWs on nanodot hosting a Néel-type skyrmion and placed above a multimode waveguide. In particular, at low frequencies, we observe significant reflections from the imprint induced by the skyrmion upon the waveguide. As the frequency increases, the transmission increases as well; however, it is accompanied by scattering to other types of modes. Here, we observe a direct contribution of the skyrmion to the scattering process and various types of conversions of the incident SW modes into other modes quantized by width for both reflected and transmitted SWs. The utilization of imprinted magnetization textures in nonplanar systems to control SW flow can open new possibilities for developing SW-based circuits for ultralow-power signal processing.
Should I stay or should I go? Observation post-vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and the law of unintended consequences
Authors: Ingham Gerard , Kippen Rebecca
Published: September 2022

Background Standard practice after all vaccinations in Australia is to observe patients for 15 min. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, could the risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 acquired in the waiting room be greater than the risk of dying from post-vaccine anaphylaxis when leaving immediately? Methods The risks are modelled for a patient aged 70+ years attending for annual influenza vaccination in a typical Australian general practice clinic. The risk of death from anaphylaxis is estimated based on known rates of anaphylaxis shortly after influenza vaccination. The risk of acquiring COVID-19 during a 15-min wait and then dying from that infection is estimated using the COVID-19 Aerosol Transmission Estimator and COVID-19 Risk Calculator. Results Other than at times of extremely low COVID-19 prevalence, the risk of death from anaphylaxis for a patient aged 70+ years leaving immediately after influenza vaccine is less than the risk of death from COVID-19 acquired via aerosol transmission during a 15-min wait. The risk of death from COVID-19 is greatest for the unimmunised and when masks are not worn. Conclusions A more nuanced approach to advice post-vaccination is recommended that considers current COVID-19 prevalence and virulence, the characteristics of the waiting room, the risk of anaphylaxis, and the patient’s susceptibility to death from COVID-19. There are many circumstances where it would be safer for a patient to leave immediately after vaccination.
Markedness and voicing gaps in stop and fricative inventories
Authors: Wang Sheng-Fu
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the hypothesis that marked sounds are more likely to be gaps in a sound inventory. A gap is defined as an absence of an [α voice] stop or fricative when the [−α voice] counterpart exists. Different formulations of markedness are tested and evaluated on whether they label the gaps as more marked than attested sounds. Results show an overall success of markedness based on typological attestedness of sounds in labeling gaps as more marked. However, the success of markedness based on aerodynamics and cross-linguistic phonological processes is limited to stops and fricatives, respectively. Analyses also show that gaps in attested inventories are more likely to be marked than gaps from randomized artificial inventories. This discrepancy between attested and artificial inventories shows how markedness, feature economy, and symmetry interact in shaping sound systems of human languages.
Beyond the English passive
Authors: Foltz Anouschka
Published: September 2022

Research on syntactic priming in typically-developing monolingual children has focused on when abstract
syntactic representations first emerge and on which mechanisms can explain syntactic priming effects in acquisition. Much of
this work has focused on the English passive (but also dative structures). In this chapter, I explore how syntactic priming
data can provide more fine-grained information about children’s syntactic representations, what we can learn about the role
and representation of interfaces, and how syntactic priming can be used to systematically explore frequency effects in L1
acquisition. In each case, I emphasize how research with different structures and languages can make important contributions
in these areas.
Sticking to what we know
Authors: Atkinson Emily
Published: September 2022

The ultimate goal of research is to generate and test broad theories that account for a wide range of
scenarios. Conclusions at this level, however, are only valid if they are based on heterogenous data. This chapter reviews the
limitations in child syntactic priming methodologies that do not allow generalization. Specifically, the set of structures
that has been examined is small and most studies have tested priming effects using production tasks. The chapter concludes
with an experiment that addresses both of these issues by using a comprehension methodology to investigate the priming of
children’s prepositional phrase attachment preferences.
Collective expansion in pp collisions using the Tsallis statistics
Authors: Gu Jinbiao , Li Chenyan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Wenchao , Zheng Hua
Published: September 2022

We investigate the transverse momentum (p
T) spectra of identified hadrons in minimum-bias proton–proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy

(

s

)

of 0.9, 2.76, 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV in the framework of Tsallis-blast wave (TBW) model. It is found that the model describes well the particle spectra up to 10 GeV/c. The radial flow (⟨β⟩) increases with the collision energy. The degrees of non-equilibrium (q) and the Tsallis temperature parameter (T) show a similar behaviour, but with a much weaker trend. With this dependence of the freeze-out parameters on the collision energy, we evaluate ⟨β⟩, T and q in pp collisions at

s

=

8 and 14 TeV and predict the particle spectra at these two energies. Moreover, in order to investigate the multiplicity dependence of the freeze-out parameters, the TBW model is extended to the spectra at different charged-particle multiplicity classes in pp collisions at

s

=

7 and 13 TeV. It is observed that at both energies the radial flow increases with the multiplicity while the degree of non-equilibrium shows an opposite behaviour, which is similar to that observed in proton–nucleus (pA) and nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. However, the Tsallis temperature parameter increases with the multiplicity, which is opposite to the trend in pA and AA collisions. At similar multiplicities, the radial flow in pp collisions is stronger than those in pA and AA collisions, indicating that the size of the colliding system has significant effects on the final state particle dynamics. Finally, we apply an additional flow correction to the Tsallis temperature parameter and find that the Doppler-corrected temperature parameter almost scales with the multiplicity in a uniform way, despite the difference in the colliding system and collision energy.
Experimental study of gas flow rate influence on a dielectric barrier discharge in helium
Authors: Ivković Saša S , Cvetanović Nikola , Obradović Bratislav M
Published: September 2022

A systematic study was performed to investigate the influence of gas flow rate on a helium dielectric barrier discharge. A closed-chamber barrier discharge with plane electrodes was examined through electrical and spectroscopic measurements for a set of gas flow rates varying from 0.05 l min−1 to 5 l min−1. The work was concentrated on the presumed connection between the gas flow rate and the impurity level, and consequential change of the discharge operation. A method was developed for estimation of impurities from the emission spectrum and applied in our discharge. The obtained results showed a strongly non-linear decrease of impurities concentration with increasing flow rate of the working gas. Experimental results showed a significant change of electrical properties, like breakdown voltage and current density with the gas flow. The measured electric field distribution did not show important change. The increase of the gas electrical capacitance with gas flow rate was detected, due to the rise of the transferred charge. The intensity of atomic and molecular emissions, along with space time development of certain emissions indicated the change in excitation mechanism with the variation of the gas flow. Analysis shows that the main mechanism of the changes in the discharge is the decrease of impurities, which leads to reduction of helium metastable quenching which, in turn, increases the density of helium metastables important for ionization and excitation processes. The obtained results mostly agree with the models of the discharge behavior with change of impurity level.
The 2021 release of the Quantemol database (QDB) of plasma chemistries and reactions
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan , Mohr Sebastian , Hanicinec M , Dzarasova Anna , Smith Carrick , Waddington Sarah , Liu Bingqing , Alves Luís L , Bartschat Klaus , Bogaerts Annemie , Engelmann Sebastian U , Gans Timo , Gibson Andrew R , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Hamilton Kathryn R , Hill Christian , O’Connell Deborah , Rauf Shahid , van ’t Veer Kevin , Zatsarinny Oleg
Published: September 2022

The Quantemol database (QDB) provides cross sections and rates of processes important for plasma models; heavy particle collisions (chemical reactions) and electron collision processes are considered. The current version of QDB has data on 28 917 processes between 2485 distinct species plus data for surface processes. These data are available via a web interface or can be delivered directly to plasma models using an application program interface; data are available in formats suitable for direct input into a variety of popular plasma modeling codes including HPEM, COMSOL, ChemKIN, CFD-ACE+, and VisGlow. QDB provides ready assembled plasma chemistries plus the ability to build bespoke chemistries. The database also provides a Boltzmann solver for electron dynamics and a zero-dimensional model. Thesedevelopments, use cases involving O2, Ar/NF3, Ar/NF3/O2, and He/H2O/O2 chemistries, and plans for the future are presented.
Localization of Lamb wave source with a single transmitter-receiver combination by elastic metamaterials
Authors: Hua Jiadong , Lian Ruohan , Du Daiyao , Lin Jing
Published: September 2022

Many nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring systems utilize Lamb wave transducer arrays for identification and localization of scattering wave sources. A large number of transducers are usually required during array signal processing and source localization, which increases hardware cost and reduces system reliability. To overcome this limitation, a metamaterial structure is designed in this study to realize source localization with a single transmitter-receiver combination. The basic design principle is the utilization of local resonators to customize propagation characteristics of Lamb waves. In particular, amplitude-frequency modulation and velocity dispersion are customized during metamaterial design. Uncorrelated amplitude-frequency modulation is extracted from signal frequency spectrum for orientation identification. Velocity dispersion is extracted from signal time-frequency spectrum for distance evaluation. After orientation identification and distance evaluation, wave source localization is then realized. Finally, the metamaterial structure is 3D printed using PA2200 nylon and bonded to the aluminum specimen to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of source localization with a single transmitter-receiver combination.
Cosmological bound on the QCD axion mass, redux
Authors: D'Eramo Francesco , Di Valentino Eleonora , Giarè William , Hajkarim Fazlollah , Melchiorri Alessandro , Mena Olga , Renzi Fabrizio , Yun Seokhoon
Published: September 2022

We revisit the joint constraints in the mixed hot dark matter scenario in which both thermally produced QCD axions and relic neutrinos are present. Upon recomputing the cosmological axion abundance via recent advances in the literature, we improve the state-of-the-art analyses and provide updated bounds on axion and neutrino masses. By avoiding approximate methods, such as the instantaneous decoupling approximation, and limitations due to the limited validity of the perturbative approach in QCD that forced to artificially divide the constraints from the axion-pion and the axion-gluon production channels, we find robust and self-consistent limits. We investigate the two most popular axion frameworks: KSVZ and DFSZ. From Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) light element abundances data we find for the KSVZ axion ΔNeff< 0.31 and an axion mass boundma< 0.53 eV (i.e., a bound on the axion decay constantfa> 1.07 × 107GeV) both at 95% CL. These BBN bounds are improved to ΔNeff< 0.14 andma< 0.16 eV (fa> 3.56 × 107GeV) if a prior on the baryon energy density from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data is assumed. When instead considering cosmological observations from the CMB temperature, polarization and lensing from the Planck satellite combined with large scale structure data we find ΔNeff< 0.23,ma< 0.28 eV (fa> 2.02 × 107GeV) and ∑mν< 0.16 eV at 95% CL. This corresponds approximately to a factor of 5 improvement in the axion mass bound with respect to the existing limits. Very similar results are obtained for the DFSZ axion. We also forecast upcoming observations from future CMB and galaxy surveys, showing that they could reach percent level errors forma∼ 1 eV.
Investigating the constraints on primordial features with future cosmic microwave background and galaxy surveys
Authors: Chandra Debabrata , Pal Supratik
Published: September 2022

In this article, we do a thorough investigation of the competency of the forthcoming
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Galaxy surveys in probing the features in the primordial
power spectrum. Primordial features are specific model-dependent corrections on top of the
standard power-law inflationary power spectrum; the functional form being given by different
inflationary scenarios. Signature of any significant departure from the feature-less power
spectrum will enable us to decipher the intricacies of the inflationary Universe. Here, we delve
into three major yet distinct features, namely, Bump feature, Sharp feature
signal, and Resonance feature signal. To analyse the features, we adopt a specific
template for each feature model. We estimate the possible constraints on the feature parameters by
employing Fisher matrix forecast analysis for the upcoming CMB missions such as CMB-S4,
CORE-M5, LiteBIRD, PICO conjointly with DESI, and 
EUCLID galaxy surveys. To this end, we make use of four distinct observations to forecast
on the bounds on the model parameters, namely, CMB, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Galaxy Clustering and Gravitational Weak Lensing or
Cosmic Shear and their permissible synergy. For large scale structure (LSS) information,
we consider different upper limits of scale for different redshifts for the purpose of
circumventing the propagation of the errors stemming from the uncertainties on nonlinear scales
into the constraints on the feature parameters. A comparative analysis of all three features has
been done to estimate relative capabilities of these upcoming observations in shedding light on
this crucial aspect of precision cosmology.
Searching for velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation signals from extragalactic halos
Authors: Baxter Eric J. , Kumar Jason , Paul Aleczander D. , Runburg Jack
Published: September 2022

We consider gamma-ray signals of dark matter annihilation in extragalactic halos in the case where dark matter annihilates from ap-wave ord-wave state. In these scenarios, signals from extragalactic halos are enhanced relative to other targets, such as the Galactic Center or dwarf spheroidal galaxies, because the typical relative speed of the dark matter is larger in extragalactic halos. We perform a mock data analysis of gamma rays produced by dark matter annihilation in halos detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We include a model for uncorrelated galactic and extragalactic gamma ray backgrounds, as well as a simple model for backgrounds due to astrophysical processes in the extragalactic halos detected by the survey. We find that, for models which are still allowed by other gamma ray searches, searches of extragalactic halos with the current Fermi exposure can produce evidence for dark matter annihilation, though it is difficult to distinguish thep-wave andd-wave scenarios. With a factor 10× larger exposure, though, discrimination of the velocity-dependence is possible.
Exploring KSZ velocity reconstruction with N-body simulations and the halo model
Authors: Giri Utkarsh , Smith Kendrick M.
Published: September 2022

KSZ velocity reconstruction is a recently proposed method for mapping
the largest-scale modes of the universe, by applying a quadratic estimator
v̂

r
to the small-scale CMB and a galaxy catalog.
We implement kSZ velocity reconstruction in an N-body simulation
pipeline and explore its properties.
We find that the reconstruction noise can be larger than the analytic
prediction which is usually assumed.
We revisit the analytic prediction and find additional noise terms which explain the discrepancy.
The new terms are obtained from a six-point halo model calculation,
and are analogous to the N
(1) and N
(3/2) biases
in CMB lensing.
We implement an MCMC pipeline which estimates fNL
from
N-body kSZ simulations, and show
that it recovers unbiased estimates of fNL
, with statistical
errors consistent with a Fisher matrix forecast.
Overall, these results confirm that kSZ velocity reconstruction will be
a powerful probe of cosmology in the near future, but new terms
should be included in the noise power spectrum.
Research on a quality detection system of dust suppression spraying for railway coal transportation using laser backscattering technology
Authors: Wang Tianhu , Wu Yuntao , Zhao Yang , Luo Yinsheng , Wang Yongjie
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the low efficiency of manual sample inspection of dust suppression spraying quality in railway coal transportation, a detection system combining a high-pressure gas spraying and laser backscattering detection technology is presented in this paper. In terms of hardware, it is composed of gas excitation, powdered coal concentration detection and a control unit. The gas excitation device, including nozzle, camera and electric control platform, is designed for realizing the dust suppressant spraying quality detection by nozzle jet gas impacts on a coal surface. In terms of software, the programs for the system were developed based on the LabVIEW development platform, realizing the system parameter adjustment, detection signal display, gas excitation control and real-time data storage functions. Experimental results show that the gas pressure of the field test should be maintained at 0.9 MPa–1.23 MPa and the distance between the equipment and the target vehicle is more than 2000 mm. The proposed system can detect 3–4 times spot checks with a single carriage for the train under the speed of 3 m s−1–5 m s−1, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high risk of manual detection.