bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate Identification of Cancer Cells in Complex Pre‐Clinical Models Using a Deep‐Learning Neural Network: A Transfection‐Free Approach
Authors: Cortesi Marilisa , Liu Dongli , Powell Elyse , Barlow Ellen , Warton Kristina , Ford Caroline E.
Published: August 2024

3D co‐cultures are key tools for in vitro biomedical research as they recapitulate more closely the in vivo environment while allowing a tighter control on the culture's composition and experimental conditions. The limited technologies available for the analysis of these models, however, hamper their widespread application. The separation of the contribution of the different cell types, in particular, is a fundamental challenge. In this work, ORACLE (OvaRiAn Cancer ceLl rEcognition) is presented, a deep neural network trained to distinguish between ovarian cancer and healthy cells based on the shape of their nucleus. The extensive validation that are conducted includes multiple cell lines and patient‐derived cultures to characterize the effect of all the major potential confounding factors. High accuracy and reliability are maintained throughout the analysis (F1score> 0.9 and Area under the ROC curve ‐ROC‐AUC‐ score = 0.99) demonstrating ORACLE's effectiveness with this detection and classification task. ORACLE is freely available (https://github.com/MarilisaCortesi/ORACLE/tree/main) and can be used to recognize both ovarian cancer cell lines and primary patient‐derived cells. This feature is unique to ORACLE and thus enables for the first time the analysis of in vitro co‐cultures comprised solely of patient‐derived cells.
Bimetallic Nanozymes‐Integrated Parachute‐Like Au2Pt@PMO@ICG Janus Nanomotor with Dual Propulsion for Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Synergistic PTT/PDT/CDT Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Lyu Yangsai , Li Jia , Yang Xiaohan , Lan Ziwei , Chen Zhixu
Published: August 2024

Nanocatalytic therapeutic agents with triple synergistic treatment modes of chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are emerging nanomaterials in malignancy treatment. Nevertheless, the passive diffusion and transport of nanomaterials result in poor permeability in tumor lesions, severely affecting the effectiveness of synergistic therapy. Herein, a dual‐source‐driven parachute‐like Au2Pt@PMO@ICG Janus nanomotor (APIJNS) is prepared by an interfacial energy‐mediated anisotropic growth strategy for PTT‐mediated CDT/PDT triple synergistic cancer therapy. Such nanomotor can realize self‐thermophoresis drive under the trigger of near‐infrared light, which can effectively enhance the active permeability and uptake of the APIJNS in the tumor tissue, thus achieving efficient PTT/PDT/CDT synergistic therapeutic effect. In addition, parachute‐like APIJNS exhibits high‐efficiency catalase (CAT)‐like activity and can catalyze the overexpressed H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to generate oxygen (O2), not only alleviating the hypoxia in the tumor lesion, but also converting it into singlet oxygen (1O2) to activate the photosensitizer ICG, achieving PDT. This work provides new ideas for enhancing triple synergistic cancer therapy by improving tumor permeability with dual‐drive Janus nanomotors based on dual noble metal nanozymes.
Neutral‐Colored Transparent Radiative Cooler by Tailoring Solar Absorption with Punctured Bragg Reflectors
Authors: Ko Byoungsu , Noh Jaebum , Chae Dongwoo , Lee Chihun , Lim Hangyu , Lee Heon , Rho Junsuk
Published: August 2024

Daytime radiative cooling (DRC) has emerged as a promising method for temperature reduction of surfaces exposed to sunlight, without energy consumption. Despite advancements in DRC design, existing reflector‐based methodologies often lack transparency because of visible reflection, hindering the widespread application of this technology using glass. Efforts to address this challenge have led to the development of transparent radiative cooling (TRC), although efficient cooling during daylight remains challenging because of the dominant solar energy absorption. This paper proposes a novel TRC design comprising a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emitter atop a transparent dual‐reflector structure. An optimized Bragg reflector (OBR) and a 90 µm‐hole‐punctured Ag window screen reflector (WR) are used to reflect band A of the near‐infrared (NIR) spectrum (0.74 < λ < 1.4 µm) and the overall solar spectrum, respectively. During the daytime, the proposed TRC lowers the temperature by 22.1 °C through the transparent dual reflector system, compared to a PDMS‐coated glass. Thus, this approach optimizes the balance between solar reflection and visibility using a dual reflector, offering an optimal solution for applications requiring both cooling and transparency.
Urea Induces Uniform Tin Deposition for Long Cycle‐Life Tin‐based Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Yang Yang , Xiang Yan , Yang Yuewen , Xie Xian , Mushtaq Faheem , Zhang Ruiqin , Daoud Walid A.
Published: August 2024

Among multivalent redox flow batteries, the Zn‐based redox flow battery (RFB) has the advantages of high energy density, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, the severe dendrite issue hinders its deployment. Therefore, the Sn‐based RFB is reported as a prospective alternative, particularly in alkaline systems, due to its lower redox potential and four electrons transfer in redox reactions. However, the continuous growth of Sn during charge forms large Sn bulk, which increases the risk of “dead Sn” formation. By combining experiments and theoretical calculations, urea is proposed as an electrolyte additive to regulate Sn deposition on graphite felt. This is achieved through the enhanced adsorption and robust reaction of Sn(OH)62− with graphite felt. Consequently, a more uniform morphology ensues, reducing “dead Sn” formation and thus improving the average discharge voltage and areal capacity. Moreover, the Columbic efficiency becomes more stable, extending the cycle life to over 420 h (>200 cycles) without deep discharge during cycling. This study demonstrates the role of urea in achieving high‐performance Sn‐I flow battery with long cycle life, paving the way for further development of metal‐based hybrid RFBs.
The Bioactive Interface of Titanium Implant with Both Anti‐Oxidative Stress and Immunomodulatory Properties for Enhancing Osseointegration under Diabetic Condition
Authors: Wu Jianshuang , Chen Maowen , Xiao Yao , Yang Huan , Wang Gaoyang , Zhang Xiaohong , Dai Liangliang , Yuan Zhang
Published: August 2024

The poor implant‐osseointegration under diabetic condition remains a challenge to be addressed urgently. Studies have confirmed that the diabetic pathological microenvironment is accompanied by excessive oxidative stress, imbalanced immune homeostasis, and persistent chronic inflammation, which seriously impairs the osteogenic process. Herein, a multifunctional bioactive interface with both anti‐oxidative stress and immunomodulatory properties is constructed on titanium implants. Briefly, manganese dioxide nanosheets are coated onto mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with carbon monoxide gas precursor, namely MnO2‐CO@MPDA NPs, and then they are integrated on the titanium implant to obtain MCM‐Ti. In the simulated diabetic microenvironment, under the action of MnO2 nanoenzymes, MCM‐Ti can effectively eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species while alleviating hypoxic state. Interestingly, the microenvironment mediates the responsive release of CO gas, which effectively drives macrophages toward M2 polarization, thereby ameliorating inflammatory response. The potential mechanism is that CO gas up‐regulates the expression of heme oxygenase‐1, further activating the Notch/Hes1/Stat3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the conditioned medium derived from macrophages on MCM‐Ti surface significantly enhances the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In a type 2 diabetic rat model, MCM‐Ti implant effectively alleviates the accompanying inflammation and enhances the osseointegration through the synergistic effects of resisting oxidative stress and remodeling immune homeostasis.
Development of a Novel Solid State Organic Fluorophore: Excited‐State Aromatization‐Induced Structural Planarization
Authors: Pace Domenic P. , Crocker Reece D. , Kendrick William J. , Zhang Bolong , Wong Wallace W. H. , Mai Binh Khanh , Schmidt Timothy W. , Nguyen Thanh Vinh
Published: August 2024

Solid‐state emission is pivotal for the functionality of organic compounds in opto‐electronic applications. Yet, tailoring the emission characteristics of existing solid‐state emissive organic frameworks is a challenging task, primarily due to their intricate structure‐activity interplay. In this study, an innovative family of solid‐state luminogens, centered around the dibenzosuberenylidene core are introduced. These luminogens are characterized by a remarkable excited‐state aromatization‐induced structural planarization (ESAISP) behavior. This unique feature allows for the modulation of their fluorescence properties, including color and intensity, through simple structural alterations, opening new avenues in the development of organic advanced functional materials.
Cephalopods’ Skin‐Inspired Design of Nanoscale Electronic Transport Layers for Adaptive Electrochromic Tuning
Authors: Yu Yilin , Zhu Xinyi , Jiang Shiqi , Wu Shuangshuang , Zhao Yu , Zhang Lingli , Song Liping , Huang Youju
Published: August 2024

Cephalopods can change their skin color by using high‐speed electron transduction among receptors, neural networks, and pigmentary effectors. However, it remains challenging to realize a neuroelectrical transmission system like that found in cephalopods, where electrons/ions transmit on nanoscale, which is crucial for fast adaptive electrochromic tuning. Inspired by that, hereby an ideal, rapidly responsive, and multicolor electrochromic biomimetic skin is introduced. Specifically, the biomimetic skin comprises W18O49 nanowires (NWs) that are either colorless or blue, Au nanoparticles@polyaniline (Au NPs@PANI) ranging from green to pink, and a flexible conductive substrate. As the applied voltage changes from 0.4 V to ‐0.7 V and back to 0 V, the color of the biomimetic skin transforms from green to blue and ultimately to pink. This color change is attributed to the electrically induced redox reaction of Au NPs@PANI and W18O49 NWs, triggered by the transfer of electrons and ions. Furthermore, the high versatility and adaptability of electrical stimulus enable the creation of a highly interactive electrochromic biomimetic skin system through the integration of sensitive acoustic sensors, providing a perfect environment‐responsive platform. This work provides a biomimetic multicolor electrochromic skin that depends on electron/ion transfer on nanoscale, expands potential uses for camouflage skin.
Exploring Inorganic Flexible Electronics: III‐Nitride Light‐Emitting Diode Epilayers on Wafer‐Scale Exfoliable Mica Substrate
Authors: Lu Tongxin , Liang Zhiwen , Yuan Ye , Liu Shangfeng , Li Jiahui , Zhao Jiale , Cai Tianren , Li Tai , Luo Wei , Wang Tao , Wang Qi , Wang Xinqiang
Published: August 2024

Mica is a promising substrate for flexible photonic applications because it can be fabricated using wafer‐scale multiple exfoliations. However, the large lattice mismatch between mica and III‐nitrides hinders their application in III‐nitride semiconductor devices. In this study, two types of light‐emitting diode (LED) epilayers, blue and green, are epitaxially fabricated on 2‐inch exfoliated mica substrates using sputtered AlN as a buffer layer to address the lattice mismatch. The LED epilayers on mica substrate exhibit excellent single‐crystalline quality with a low threading dislocation density of 2.07 × 109 cm−2 in the GaN region and smooth surface morphology with a root mean square (RMS) roughness of 0.58 nm in a 5 × 5 µm2 scanned area, demonstrating that mica is an excellent platform for III‐nitride semiconductors. Moreover, the structures are reproduced stably on multiple exfoliated mica at the wafer scale, which verified the reusability and reproducibility of III‐nitride/mica in terms of crystallinity, surface morphology, and transparency. Strong electroluminescence of the LED epilayers confirmed the potential of mica in electrically driven flexible opto‐electronics. Therefore, this results demonstrated the potential of mica substrates in III‐nitride semiconductors and provide a novel pathway for revolutionizing the fabrication of III‐nitride‐based flexible devices.
A Spin–Orbit Torque Knob to Tailor Stochasticity for Physically Secured Applications
Authors: Chang Hao‐Kai , Yang Meng‐Chi , Wang Ssu‐Yuan , Lai Chih‐Huang , Yang Chao‐Yao
Published: August 2024

The deterministic switching of spin–orbit torque (SOT) memory has long been the primary challenge for implementation. Conversely, stochastic switching has recently sparked significant interest for physically secured applications. This study investigates the effects of an external field (Hx) applied to break the SOT symmetry for deterministic switching in a Pt/Co bilayer with perpendicular anisotropy. This external field serves as a tuning mechanism to adjust the stochasticity at the intermediate state during SOT switching. It is observed that moderate Hx could lead to a substantial variation in electrical output during the repeating write/read operations. In contrast, a large Hx enables precise control over the intermediate states of the Pt/Co bilayer, effectively functioning as a memristor. The stochasticity derives from small Hx resulting from the dynamics of dendritic domain wall propagation during SOT switching. Herein, the oblique domain spiking from the initially reversed domain is notably influenced by the transverse component of SOT. Increasing Hx suppresses this oblique dendritic domain growth, allowing for controllable domain propagation and reducing stochasticity. By utilizing Hx as an external knob to tailor the stochasticity at the intermediate state, the high stochastic state can be employed as an ideal entropy source for an SOT‐based random number generator.
Crystalline 1D Linear Conjugated Polymers with a Quinoidal Unit As Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Fan Renzhen , Wang Cheng , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Xuwen , Dong Weijia , Xu Yiyang , Xu Chenhui , Chi Chunyan , Zhu Jun , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou
Published: August 2024

Crystalline and soluble 1D linear conjugated polymers (LCPs) have garnered considerable interest as cost‐effective and efficient metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to their high exposure of catalytic sites and ease of processing. However, difficulties remain in achieving excellent ORR performance for 1D LCPs by conventional molecular design. Herein, it is demonstrated the utilization of quinoidal units as a promising strategy to develop 1D LCPs for ORR. The incorporation of quinoidal unit not only results in polymers with strong inter‐ and intra‐molecular interactions and low‐lying LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels, but also provides polymers with good crystallinity and commendable charge carrier mobilities. The electronic properties of these polymers are fine‐tuned through the introduction of additional heteroatoms and/or substituents in the monomers and comonomers to understand and optimize their ORR catalytic activity. Evaluation of their catalytic performances reveals a remarkable half‐wave potential and limiting current density of up to 0.74 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrod) and 7.50 mA cm−2, respectively. Notably, these performances are achieved without the addition of carbon nanomaterials as support. This study offers a new insight into the design of highly efficient metal‐free organic electrocatalysts.
Air pollution amyloidogenesis is attenuated by the gamma‐secretase modulator GSM‐15606
Authors: Godoy‐Lugo Jose A. , Thorwald Max A. , Cacciottolo Mafalda , D'Agostino Carla , Chakhoyan Ararat , Sioutas Constantinos , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Rynearson Kevin D. , Finch Caleb E.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Chronic air pollution (AirPoll) is associated with accelerated cognitive decline and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Correspondingly, wild‐type and AD‐transgenic rodents exposed to AirPoll have increased amyloid peptides and behavioral impairments.

METHODS

We examined the γ‐secretase modulator GSM‐15606 for potential AirPoll protection by its attenuating of amyloid beta (Aβ)42 peptide production. Male and female wild‐type mice were fed GSM‐15606 during an 8‐week inhalation exposure to AirPoll subfractions, ambient nanoparticulate matter (nPM), and diesel exhaust particles (DEP).

RESULTS

GSM‐15606 decreased Aβ42 during nPM and DEP exposure without changing beta‐ or gamma‐secretase activity or BACE1 and PS1 protein levels. DEP increased lateral ventricle volume by 25%.

DISCUSSION

These enzyme responses are relevant to AD drug treatments, as well as to the physiological functions of the Aβ42 peptide. GSM‐15606 attenuation of Aβ42 may benefit human exposure to AirPoll.

Highlights

Gamma‐secretase modulator (GSM‐15606) attenuates the amyloidogenic amyloid beta (Aβ)42 peptide during exposure to air pollution, which may be a mechanism by which air pollution increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.

AD drug treatments may also consider Aβ homeostasis among the chronic effects of GSM‐15606 and other amyloid reduction treatments on secretase enzymes.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Glycerol to Formate Coupled with Nitrate Reduction over Cu‐Doped NiCo Alloy Supported on Nickel Foam
Authors: Li Chenyang , Li Hao , Zhang Bo , Li Huan , Wang Yi , Wang Xiao , Das Pratteek , Li Yuejiao , Wu Xianhong , Li Yifan , Cui Yi , Xiao Jianping , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: August 2024

Electrooxidation of biomass‐derived glycerol which is regarded as a main byproduct of industrial biodiesel production, is an innovative strategy to produce value‐added chemicals, but currently showcases slow kinetics, limited Faraday efficiency, and unclear catalytic mechanism. Herein, we report high‐efficiency electrooxidation of glycerol into formate via a Cu doped NiCo alloy catalyst supported on nickel foam (Cu−NiCo/NF) in a coupled system paired with nitrate reduction. The designed Cu−NiCo/NF delivers only 1.23 V vs. RHE at 10 mA cm−2, and a record Faraday efficiency of formate of 93.8 %. The superior performance is ascribed to the rapid generation of NiIII−OOH and CoIII−OOH species and favorable coupling of surface *O with reactive intermediates. Using Cu−NiCo/NF as a bifunctional catalyst, the coupled system synchronously produces NH3 and formate, showing 290 mV lower than the coupling of hydrogen evolution reaction, together with excellent long‐term stability for up to 144 h. This work lays out new guidelines and reliable strategies from catalyst design to system coupling for biomass‐derived electrochemical refinery.
Integration of Plasmonic Ag(I) Clusters and Fe(II) Porphyrinates into Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Coupling with Photosynthesis of Pure H2O2
Authors: Chen Hui‐Ying , Huang Jia‐Run , Liu Jia‐Chuan , Huang Ning‐Yu , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Liao Pei‐Qin
Published: August 2024

Efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction coupled with the photosynthesis of pure H2O2 is a challenging and significant task. Herein, using classical CO2 photoreduction site iron porphyrinate as the linker, Ag(I) clusters were spatially separated and evenly distributed within a new metal–organic framework (MOF), namely Ag27TPyP‐Fe. With water as electron donors, Ag27TPyP‐Fe exhibited remarkable performances in artificial photosynthetic overall reaction with CO yield of 36.5 μmol g−1 h−1 and ca. 100 % selectivity, as well as H2O2 evolution rate of 35.9 μmol g−1 h−1. Since H2O2 in the liquid phase can be more readily separated from the gaseous products of CO2 photoreduction, high‐purity H2O2 with a concentration up to 0.1 mM was obtained. Confirmed by theoretical calculations and the established energy level diagram, the reductive iron(II) porphyrinates and oxidative Ag(I) clusters within an integrated framework functioned synergistically to achieve artificial photosynthesis. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements revealed that the robust connection of Ag(I) clusters and iron porphyrinate ligands facilitated efficient charge separation and rapid electron transfer, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity.
Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic C(sp3)−H Oxidation of Acyclic 1‐Aryl‐2‐alkyl Alkenes as Limiting Substrates
Authors: Chen Xuemeng , Li Heng‐Hui , Kramer Søren
Published: August 2024

Herein, we disclose a simple copper‐catalyzed method for enantioselective allylic C(sp3)−H oxidation of unsymmetrical acyclic alkenes, specifically 1‐aryl‐2‐alkyl alkenes. The C−H substrates are used in limiting amounts, and the products are obtained with high enantioselectivity, E/Z‐selectivity, and regioselectivity. The method exhibits broad functional group tolerance, and E/Z‐alkene mixtures are suitable C−H substrates. The transformation is enabled by light irradiation, which sustains the enantioselective copper catalysis by photoinduced oxidant homolysis.
Continuous glass fiber‐reinforced polycaprolactone composite produced in a conventional fused filament fabrication equipment: Process modeling and parameters adjustment
Authors: Augusto Thiago A. , Crovace Murilo C. , Costa Lidiane C.
Published: August 2024

Polymer composites with continuous fibers are expected to exhibit good mechanical performance due to orientation and high aspect ratio of fillers. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) provides an affordable method for processing these materials as products with tunable architecture. By incorporating continuous bioactive fibers coated with biodegradable polymer, the degradation rate of printed scaffolds may vary over time. As proof of concept, macroporous composites were 3D printed using continuous glass fiber‐reinforced polycaprolactone filament. Parametrization and challenges associated with printing on non‐dedicated equipment are discussed. A model describing the melt flow was employed to evaluate the velocity and shear rate profiles. Although the maximum velocity is approximately 18 mm s−1 for both neat and reinforced polymer, the obstruction caused by fibers results in higher shear rate, up to 481 s−1, higher pressure gradient, 1.95 MPa mm−1, and higher velocity gradient, conditions that limit print quality. Additionally, it was also possible to determine the shear stress experienced by the fiber bundle, 300 KPa, and the influence of different processing conditions. This investigation advances the development and understanding of manufacturing of continuous fiber‐reinforced polymers via FFF.
Effect of ionic liquids on the polymerization behavior of acrylamide‐based copolymers
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Wu Chunyuan , Jiang Zhuyang , Su Gaoshen , Yang Huan , Yu Xiaorong , Wang JiXing
Published: August 2024

To explore the influence of reaction medium on the copolymerization behavior of acrylamide‐based copolymers, three types of copolymers (P(AM‐St)(ILs), P(AM‐MMA)(ILs), and P(AM‐AMPS)(ILs)) were synthesized by combining insoluble, slightly soluble, and easily soluble monomers with acrylamide in the 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) reaction medium. The reactivity ratio, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the copolymers' properties. The results indicated that in [BMIM]BF4 copolymerization, the reactivity ratio of AM and St in P(AM‐St)(ILs) decreased, the reactivity ratio of AM in P(AM‐MMA)(ILs) will increase. While the reactivity ratio of MMA will decrease. The reactivity ratio of AM in P(AM‐AMPS)(ILs) will increase and the reactivity ratio of AMPS will decrease. The distribution of AM and St segments in P(AM‐St)(ILs) molecular chains is more uniform and compact. When AM polymerizes with hydrophobic monomers (St) in [BMIM]BF4, its copolymer solution exhibits lower viscosity loss rates in temperature, shear, and salt resistance tests. Therefore, ionic liquids are more suitable as reaction media for the synthesis of hydrophobic‐modified polyacrylamides, which facilitate a more uniform distribution of hydrophobic monomers within the copolymer chains and exhibit enhanced resistance to temperature, salt, and shear stresses.
Early Neanderthal mandibular remains from Baume Moula‐Guercy (Soyons, Ardèche)
Authors: Richards Gary D. , Jabbour Rebecca S. , Guipert Gaspard , Defleur Alban
Published: August 2024

We provide an ontogenetically‐based comparative description of mandibular remains from Last Interglacial deposits (MIS 5e) at Baume Moula‐Guercy and examine their affinities to European and Middle Eastern Middle‐to‐Late Pleistocene (≈MIS 14—MIS 1) Homo. Description of the M‐G2‐419 right partial mandibular corpus with M1‐3 (15–16.0 years ±0.5 years) and mandibular fragments M‐F4‐77 and M‐S‐TNN1 is with reference to original fossils, casts, CT scans, literature descriptions, and virtual reconstructions. Our comparative sample is ontogenetically based and divided into a Preneanderthal—Neanderthal group and a Homo sapiens group. These groups are subdivided into (1) Preneanderthals (≈MIS 14‐9), Early Neanderthals (MIS 7‐5e), and Late Neanderthals (MIS 5d‐3), and (2) Middle (MIS 5) and Upper (MIS 3‐Pre‐MIS 1) Paleolithic and recent H. sapiens. Standard techniques were employed for developmental age and sex determinations and measurements. The M‐G2‐419 mandible possesses corpus features that link it most closely with the Sima de los Huesos Preneanderthal and Early Neanderthal groups. These include mental foramen position, number, and height on the corpus, anterior marginal tubercle position, and mylohyoid line orientation. Metrically, the M‐G2‐419 mandibular corpus is small relative to adults in all groups, but the thickness/height relationship is like the adult condition. The thickness of the corpus is more like Neanderthal children than adolescents. Molar crown features suggest affinities with the Preneanderthal—Neanderthal group. The Moula‐Guercy mandibles possess a combination of Neanderthal‐associated features that provides insights into MIS 7‐5e paleodeme variation and the timing of appearance of MIS 5d‐3 Neanderthal facial features.
Synthesis of MeBICAAC Supported Si(III) Radicals and a Silylone via Reduction Route From MeBICAAC‐Si(IV) Precursors
Authors: Kumar Thakur Sandeep , De Sriman , Adhikari Manu , Manar Krishna K. , Koley Debasis , Singh Sanjay
Published: August 2024

Past one decade has witnessed a tremendous growth in the field of carbene stabilized low‐valent silicon compounds unravelling very exciting properties of these molecules. Herein, we have employed a bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene, (MeBICAAC) to explore the low‐valent chemistry of silicon. The reduction of bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene‐SiCl4 complex, [(MeBICAAC)SiCl4] (1) with KC8 afforded low‐valent Si complexes, including Si(III) radical [(MeBICAAC)SiCl3] (2) and a complex with silicon center in a formal zero‐valent state, [(MeBICAAC)2Si] (3). Similarly, the reduction of in‐situ generated MeBICAAC adduct of Me2SiCl2 with one equivalent of KC8 led to the formation of [(MeBICAAC)SiMe2Cl] (4) complex having an unpaired electron. These complexes have been characterized by IR, UV‐Vis., NMR, HRMS, EPR and their solid‐state structures were also elucidated by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Further, DFT calculations revealed the lower energy singlet state for complexes 1, 3 and doublet state for complexes 2, 4.
A novel multi‐epitope peptide vaccine targeting immunogenic antigens of Ebola and monkeypox viruses with potential of immune responses provocation in silico
Authors: Mahmoodi Shirin , Amirzakaria Javad Zamani , Ghasemian Abdolmajid
Published: August 2024

The emergence or reemergence of monkeypox (Mpox) and Ebola virus (EBOV) agents causing zoonotic diseases remains a huge threat to human health. Our study aimed at designing a multi‐epitope vaccine (MEV) candidate to target both the Mpox and EBOV agents using immunoinformatics tools. Viral protein sequences were retrieved, and potential nonallergenic, nontoxic, and antigenic epitopes were obtained. Next, cytotoxic and helper T‐cell (CTL and HTL, respectively) and B‐cell (BCL) epitopes were predicted, and those potential epitopes were fused utilizing proper linkers. The in silico cloning and expression processes were implemented using Escherichia coli K12. The immune responses were prognosticated using the C‐ImmSim server. The MEV construct (29.53 kDa) included four BCL, two CTL, and four HTL epitopes and adjuvant. The MEV traits were pertinent in terms of antigenicity, non‐allergenicity, nontoxicity, physicochemical characters, and stability. The MEV candidate was also highly expressed in E. coli K12. The strong affinity of MEV‐TLR3 was confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. Immune simulation analyses unraveled durable activation and responses of cellular and humoral arms alongside innate immune responses. The designed MEV candidate demonstrated appropriate traits and was promising in the prediction of immune responses against both Mpox and EBOV agents. Further experimental assessments of the MEV are required to verify its efficacy.
CEO hubris and corporate carbon footprint: The role of gender diversity
Authors: Kwabi Frank , Fulgence Samuel , Adamolekun Gbenga
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the effect of an overconfident CEO on firm greenhouse gas emissions. Using panel data of 160,115 firm‐year observations from 41 countries for 2000–2021, we find a negative relationship between CEO overconfidence and greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, drawing on the theories of gender socialisation and diversity, we find that great representation of females on the board further compels overconfident CEOs to reduce firm carbon emissions. Our findings are robust to varying estimation techniques and identification strategies. These findings offer important insights to green investors, corporate boards, managers and policymakers on the role of overconfident CEOs and female leadership in the carbon abatement efforts of public companies.
Examining the relationship between CEO power and modern slavery disclosures: The moderating role of board gender diversity in UK companies
Authors: Allam Amir , Moussa Tantawy , Elmarzouky Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

Drawing on agency and gender socialisation theories, this study examines the effect of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power on corporate modern slavery disclosures (MSD) and investigates whether board gender diversity might influence this relationship. Based on a sample comprising the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) 100 companies from 2016 to 2020, the findings indicate that, although there has been progress in corporate transparency concerning modern slavery, a significant gap persists in the reporting on the measurement and monitoring of the effectiveness of their policies. This may stem from powerful CEOs' desires to maintain a positive corporate image, leading to minimal disclosure of potentially damaging information. The fixed effects panel regression analysis reveals a negative relationship between CEO power (CEOP) and the extent of modern slavery disclosures (MSD), with a significant moderating effect observed when female board representation is substantial. This evidence suggests that female board members may challenge groupthink and introduce diverse perspectives that can alter the board's dynamics, potentially mitigating the negative impact of CEOP on issues like modern slavery disclosure by encouraging more ethical and collective decision‐making. This research underscores the need for greater transparency and accountability in addressing modern slavery and promoting more responsible business practices.
OCR still intent on combating national origin discrimination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2024

The Office for Civil Rights has become relentless in addressing discrimination based on national origin/shared ancestry — most often involving Jewish, Muslim, Arab, and Palestinian individuals as of late. Campus Legal Advisor has previously written about OCR's heightened activity in this area, with numerous investigations, fact sheets, and “Dear Colleague Letters” calling on colleges and universities to eliminate hostile environments related to harassment based on national origin/shared ancestry and to fulfill their legal obligations under Title VI. (See bit.ly/465FTac and bit.ly/48gwhdu.)
Review recent rulings involving service animals
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: August 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by higher education professionals with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
The influence of online social support on health self‐management among gay men living with HIV in China
Authors: Guo Yu , Zheng Yu , Xiang Hongzhe , Hou Yongkang , Li Yiwei
Published: August 2024

Gay men living with HIV/AIDS (GMLHA) in China face the dual discrimination from stigmatization of HIV/AIDS and the marginalization of sexual orientation. Online social communities have become an increasingly important channel for them to seek and share health information. This study aims to examine the actual impact of online social support exchange on GMLHA's health self‐management in China. In this study, results of a questionnaire survey conducted in China's Weibo community (N = 303) showed that offering online social support can positively predict both physical and psychological health self‐management. Moreover, receiving online social support in the GMLHA online community can enhance the HIV/AIDS patient's mental health self‐management but does not forecast an improvement in the physical health self‐management level. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Bethlem myopathy: A novel homozygous variant of c.385C>T (p.Arg129Cys) in the COL6A2 gene
Authors: Kachuei Maryam , Orangi Kiana , Mohammadi Aynaz , Mohammadi Mohammad , Mojbafan Marzieh
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing Bethlem myopathy, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management.

Bethlem myopathy (BM), a rare collagen VI‐related myopathy, is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and contractures, typically affecting the proximal muscles and joints. This case report presents a 15‐year‐old girl from Tehran, Iran, with a 5‐year history of severe limb pain and progressive weakness. Born to consanguineous parents, the patient displayed delayed walking milestones and significant hypotonia, leading to a waddling gait and lumbar hyperlordosis. Neurological examination revealed marked proximal lower limb weakness, a positive Gowers' sign, and absent myotatic reflexes. Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels and electromyography (EMG) results indicated myopathy, while nerve conduction studies showed no neuropathy. Genetic testing revealed a novel homozygous variant of c.385C>T (p.Arg129Cys) in the COL6A2 gene, classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) per American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines due to its rarity and specific phenotype association. Differential diagnosis is essential to distinguish it from other neuromuscular conditions. Management primarily focuses on symptom relief and enhancing patients' quality of life. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing BM, the need for a high index of suspicion, and the importance of recognizing the diverse clinical presentations of this rare condition. Enhanced understanding can aid in early diagnosis and tailored management.
A giant lobular capillary haemangioma of the caruncle
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Kumar Arushi
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Caruncle lesions are uncommon, though it may be involved by a wide variety of lesions including tumors and cysts of the conjunctiva, skin, or lacrimal gland. Lobular capillary haemangioma of the caruncle is a rare occurrence but may mimic some primary or secondary malignant neoplasms. Excision and histopathological examination confirm the diagnosis.

The caruncle lesions are uncommon. Lobular capillary haemangioma involving caruncle is a rare occurrence. We present a case of large lobular capillary haemangioma of caruncle in a 10‐year‐old boy, was treated successfully by surgical excision.
Machine Learning‐Driven Selection of Two‐Dimensional Carbon‐Based Supports for Dual‐Atom Catalysts in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Tan Zhen , Li Xinyu , Zhao Yanzhang , Zhang Zhen , Qinfeng Shi Javen , Li Haobo
Published: August 2024

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by metal catalysts featuring dual‐atomic active sites, supported on two‐dimensional carbon‐nitrogen materials, holds promise for enhanced efficiency. The potential synergy between various support materials and transition metal compositions in influencing reaction performance has been recognized. However, systematic studies on the selection of optimal support materials remain limited, primarily due to the intricate structure of dual‐atom catalysts generating a variety of potential adsorption sites. Incorporating the influence of support materials further amplifies computational challenges, doubling the already substantial calculation requirements. This study addresses this challenge by introducing a machine learning approach to expedite the identification of the most stable intermediate adsorption sites and simultaneous prediction of adsorption energy. This innovative method significantly reduces computational costs, enabling the simultaneous consideration of active sites and support materials. We explore the use of both graphene‐like (g−)C2N and g‐C9N4 materials, revealing their main distinction in the adsorption capacity for the intermediate *CHO. This variation is attributed to the different C : N ratios influencing support for the active site through distinct charge transfer conditions. Our findings offer valuable insights for the design and optimization of dual‐atom catalysts.
Modular 1,2‐Selective Carboarylation of Conjugated Dienes Under Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Chen Kaixin , Lin Jie , Guo Jiawei , Chen Haihong , Li Jie
Published: August 2024

A highly 1,2‐regioselective cobalt‐catalyzed alkylarylation of conjugated dienes in a stereoretentive fashion has been disclosed. Indeed, the anion‐coordination played a critical role for tuning the reactivity of arylzinc pivalates, thereby efficiently steering the cobalt‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction via radical relay pathway. Moreover, this protocol also distinguished by its mild conditions, ample substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
Application of Hydrogen Spillover to Enhance Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pan Shuyuan , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui
Published: August 2024

Alkaline water splitting has shown great potential for industrial‐scale hydrogen production. However, its broad application is constrained by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, which struggle to achieve optimal current density at low overpotential. The utilization of the hydrogen spillover effect to augment the performance of HER represents a burgeoning area of research. Although previous studies mainly focused on hydrogen spillover in acidic media, the latest studies have shown that hydrogen spillover also exists under alkaline conditions, and its role in improving HER performance cannot be ignored. This review examines the mechanisms of HER under acidic and alkaline conditions, elucidating the distinctive behavior of hydrogen spillover in these environments and its influence on catalytic processes. At the same time hydrogen spillover characterization methods are systematically summarized, these technologies for understanding and control of hydrogen release process provides strong support. Finally, the recent electrocatalysts that enhance the catalytic performance of alkaline HER by hydrogen spillover effect are comprehensively sorted out and summarized. This review not only demonstrate the practical value of hydrogen spillover under alkaline conditions, but also provide new directions for future design and optimization of electrocatalysts.
Direct Oxidation of Methane to C1 Oxygenates on Cu/ZSM‐5: Reaction Property and Configuration of Cu Species
Authors: Zhang Shoujie , Ye Jiajie , Shen Jia , Guo Yanglong , Zhan Wangcheng , Wang Li , Tang Xuan , Dai Sheng , Guo Yun
Published: August 2024

Direct oxidation of methane (DOM) under mild conditions is arguably one of the holy grails in chemistry. Cu‐based zeolite catalysts have attracted much attention for their high yield and selectivity of C1 oxygenates. However, the structure‐activity relationships of DOM remain controversial due to the complex configurations of Cu on zeolites. Herein, we prepared Cu/ZSM‐5 catalysts with various Cu loading and investigated the effects of Cu configurations on the DOM reaction. By combining the characterization techniques and evaluating the catalytic performance, we found that the configurations of Cu species could significantly affect the yield and distribution of C1 oxygenates, which was strongly dependent on Cu loading. The highly dispersed mononuclear CuII in the channels of ZSM‐5 is proved to be highly active. While the multinuclear Cu species inhibit the formation of HCOOH, simultaneously suppressing the overall reaction yield. The agglomerated CuO species on the surface of ZSM‐5 show a relatively low correlation with DOM reaction. Thus, the relationship between the yield of C1 oxygenates and Cu loading exhibits a typical volcanic curve and 2.2 wt.% Cu/ZSM‐5 possess the best performance using H2O2 as oxidant (productivity of 17,000 μmol gcat−1 h−1 with 98.6 % selectivity at 50 °C).
Solar‐Driven Reforming of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Renewable Biohydrogen: A Review
Authors: Luu Xuan‐Cuong , Phan Thi Lan‐Anh , Raizada Pankaj , Singh Pardeep , Nguyen Lan Huong , Ghotekar Suresh , Nguyen Van‐Huy
Published: August 2024

To date, humans are looking for suitable energy sources to meet the global demand for fuels. Among many candidates, biohydrogen (bio‐H2), a future fuel perspective, is expected to grow critically and receive considerable attention to replace fossil fuels. This review focuses on biohydrogen production via post‐method photocatalytic reforming of ideal feedstock and abundant lignocellulosic biomass. Renewable biomass precursors are used without net greenhouse gas emissions. This idea holds great promise as a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solution. In particular, many saccharide substrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, etc., have been used as sacrificial reagents in photocatalytic reforming over the past few decades. Among the various substrates, cellulose has attracted worldwide attention since it is the most abundant polymeric biomass resource that can be obtained from many sources. Following, photo‐reforming of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, which aligns with the requirements of sustainable development, is successfully proposed. The overall catalytic efficiency will be discussed regarding the biohydrogen evolution rate (mmol gcat−1 h−1). Finally, the review concluded with challenges and potential opportunities to enhance biohydrogen are also given.
Efficient CoCu/SiO2 Catalyst Derived from Co(Cu) Silicate for Aqueous‐Phase Furfural Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Jinxin , Fan Zhili , Wu Dongfang
Published: August 2024

Converting the abundant biomass resources in nature into fine chemicals can not only reduce carbon emissions but also effectively deal with the depletion of fossil energy, which is of strategic significance for sustainable development. In this paper, by optimizing the content of bimetallic components, highly active co‐doped Co1Cu3 bimetallic silicate was designed and synthesized. After reduction, a highly dispersed and stable Co1Cu3/SiO2 catalyst was obtained, which was used to catalyze the aqueous phase hydrogenation of furfural (FFR) to cyclopentanone (CPO). Compared with the traditional supported catalyst, the Co1Cu3/SiO2‐ammonia evaporation (AE)‐300 catalyst prepared by AE has the best performance. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of FFR was as high as 95.1 % and the selectivity of CPO was 88.6 %. This high activity can be attributed to the formation of highly dispersed and uniform metal active sites with low content of Co. At the same time, the formation of flocculent silicate enhances the synergism between CoCu and SiO2 support and increases the specific surface area of the catalyst. In addition, the experimental results show that the reaction carbon balance will be destroyed with the high concentration of FFR solution.
pH Dependence of Noble Metals Dissolution: Gold
Authors: Stojanovski Kevin , Briega‐Martos Valentín , Zlatar Matej , Göllner Christian , Cherevko Serhiy
Published: August 2024

The electrochemical applications of gold span the entire pH spectrum. Recently, gold dissolution in acidic and alkaline media has been studied, but less attention has been given to electrolytes at intermediate pH values. To address this gap, this work uses on‐line electrochemical dissolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) to examine gold dissolution across a pH range of 1 to 12.7 using phosphate buffer solutions. All experimental parameters, except pH, are kept constant, enabling a clear investigation of pH effects on anodic (gold oxidation) and cathodic (gold oxide reduction) dissolution processes. Results show that dissolution amounts are lowest at neutral pH values between 3 and 7, varying with the applied potential and exposure time. Anodic and cathodic dissolution dominate in acidic and alkaline electrolytes, respectively. Depending on the highest applied potentials and time exposure, the main dissolution mechanism shifts at pH=5, 7, and 9. The pH dependence of Au dissolution is proposed to be linked to the nature of gold oxides formed, the kinetics of oxide formation/reduction, gold ion redeposition, and the influence of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on dissolution. These results provide fundamental insights into gold dissolution under neutral pH conditions.
Synthesis of Aryl Naphthoquinones and Maleimides via Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Template‐Assisted m−C(sp2)−H Functionalization Reaction
Authors: Dutta Ananya , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: August 2024

An efficient approach for the synthesis of substituted aryl naphthoquinones via a Pd(II)‐catalyzed template‐assisted m−C(sp2)−H bond functionalization reaction of arylmethane sulfonates have been demonstrated. The method involves usage of less expensive and abundant pharmacologically important scaffold naphthoquinone. A wide range of arylmethane sulfonates were examined and found to be compatible with the protocol. The protocol has also been further extended to the synthesis of various substituted aryl maleimide scaffolds. A plausible reaction mechanism has also been proposed to account for the selective distal m−C(sp2)−H bond functionalization reaction.
Observation of the Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of FUS‐LC Using Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Fujii Kentaro , Izumi Yudai , Maita Nobuo , Matsuo Koichi , Kato Masato
Published: August 2024

To reveal the structural mechanism by which the low‐complexity domain of the fused in sarcoma protein (FUS‐LC) mediates liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), we conducted a vacuum‐ultraviolet circular dichroism (VUV‐CD) spectroscopic study, a technique to analyze the secondary structures of proteins. The VUV‐CD measurements were performed at the BL12 VUV‐CD station at the Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center (HiSOR) in Japan. CD spectra were measured between 180 and 260 nm while controlling the temperature of samples from 37°C to 5°C to obtain the LLPS of FUS‐LC. The CD spectrum obtained at 37°C exhibited a large negative peak at 195 nm and a small negative shoulder near 220 nm. The peak intensity around 195 nm decreased as the sample temperature decreased. The spectral changes originated from the LLPS formation.