bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S’adapter à l’éthique de la différenciation en évaluation des apprentissages : une analyse de l’expérience des enseignants formés à l’étranger au Québec
Authors: Diédhiou Serigne Ben Moustapha , Duong Thi Dan Thanh , Robichaud Arianne
Published: July 2023

Dans la dernière décennie, l’école québécoise a accueilli un nombre important d’enseignants formés à l’étranger (MEES, 2018). Les recherches sur leur savoir-évaluer montrent que, pour les enseignants qui s’habituent aux normes et aux valeurs de la culture de l’évaluation pour la sanction dans leur pays d’origine, la prise en compte des conventions du travail de leur milieu d’accueil est un enjeu névralgique de leur intégration socioprofessionnelle (Morrissette & Demazière, 2018a). Inspirée de l’approche théorique de la justice sociale de Rawls (1971), une recherche collaborative s’est intéressée à un groupe de six enseignants formés à l’étranger et provenant de milieux méritocratiques, pour étudier leur adaptation à l’éthique de la différenciation en évaluation. Les analyses documentent une adhésion qui se conjugue au rythme d’un processus de conversion identitaire, négociée au travers d’une socialisation de la débrouille en quatre phases : la négation, la découverte, l’apprentissage et l’implication.
Conformational regulation and target-myristoyl switch of calcineurin B homologous protein 3
Authors: Becker Florian , Fuchs Simon , Refisch Lukas , Drepper Friedel , Bildl Wolfgang , Schulte Uwe , Liang Shuo , Heinicke Jonas Immanuel , Hansen Sierra C , Kreutz Clemens , Warscheid Bettina , Fakler Bernd , Mymrikov Evgeny V , Hunte Carola
Published: July 2023

Calcineurin B homologous protein 3 (CHP3) is an EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein involved in regulation of cancerogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy, and neuronal development through interactions with sodium/proton exchangers (NHEs) and signalling proteins. While the importance of Ca2+ binding and myristoylation for CHP3 function has been recognized, the underlying molecular mechanism remained elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Ca2+ binding and myristoylation independently affect the conformation and functions of human CHP3. Ca2+ binding increased local flexibility and hydrophobicity of CHP3 indicative of an open conformation. The Ca2+-bound CHP3 exhibited a higher affinity for NHE1 and associated stronger with lipid membranes compared to the Mg2+-bound CHP3, which adopted a closed conformation. Myristoylation enhanced the local flexibility of CHP3 and decreased its affinity to NHE1 independently of the bound ion, but did not affect its binding to lipid membranes. The data exclude the proposed Ca2+-myristoyl switch for CHP3. Instead, a Ca2+-independent exposure of the myristoyl moiety is induced by binding of the target peptide to CHP3 enhancing its association to lipid membranes. We name this novel regulatory mechanism ‘target-myristoyl switch’. Collectively, the interplay of Ca2+ binding, myristoylation, and target binding allows for a context-specific regulation of CHP3 functions.
Structure of the HIV immature lattice allows for essential lattice remodeling within budded virions
Authors: Guo Sikao , Saha Ipsita , Saffarian Saveez , Johnson Margaret E
Published: July 2023

For HIV virions to become infectious, the immature lattice of Gag polyproteins attached to the virion membrane must be cleaved. Cleavage cannot initiate without the protease formed by the homo-dimerization of domains linked to Gag. However, only 5% of the Gag polyproteins, termed Gag-Pol, carry this protease domain, and they are embedded within the structured lattice. The mechanism of Gag-Pol dimerization is unknown. Here, we use spatial stochastic computer simulations of the immature Gag lattice as derived from experimental structures, showing that dynamics of the lattice on the membrane is unavoidable due to the missing 1/3 of the spherical protein coat. These dynamics allow for Gag-Pol molecules carrying the protease domains to detach and reattach at new places within the lattice. Surprisingly, dimerization timescales of minutes or less are achievable for realistic binding energies and rates despite retaining most of the large-scale lattice structure. We derive a formula allowing extrapolation of timescales as a function of interaction free energy and binding rate, thus predicting how additional stabilization of the lattice would impact dimerization times. We further show that during assembly, dimerization of Gag-Pol is highly likely and therefore must be actively suppressed to prevent early activation. By direct comparison to recent biochemical measurements within budded virions, we find that only moderately stable hexamer contacts (–12kBT<∆G<–8kBT) retain both the dynamics and lattice structures that are consistent with experiment. These dynamics are likely essential for proper maturation, and our models quantify and predict lattice dynamics and protease dimerization timescales that define a key step in understanding formation of infectious viruses.
CRB3 navigates Rab11 trafficking vesicles to promote γTuRC assembly during ciliogenesis
Authors: Wang Bo , Liang Zheyong , tan Tan , Zhang Miao , Jiang Yina , Shang Yangyang , Gao Xiaoqian , Song Shaoran , Wang Ruiqi , Chen He , Liu Jie , Li Juan , Ren Yu , Liu Peijun
Published: July 2023

The primary cilium plays important roles in regulating cell differentiation, signal transduction, and tissue organization. Dysfunction of the primary cilium can lead to ciliopathies and cancer. The formation and organization of the primary cilium are highly associated with cell polarity proteins, such as the apical polarity protein CRB3. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CRB3 regulates ciliogenesis and the location of CRB3 remain unknown. Here, we show that CRB3, as a navigator, regulates vesicle trafficking in γ-TuRC assembly during ciliogenesis and cilium-related Hh and Wnt signaling pathways in tumorigenesis.
Crb3
knockout mice display severe defects of the primary cilium in the mammary ductal lumen and renal tubule, while mammary epithelial-specific
Crb3
knockout mice exhibit promotion of ductal epithelial hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. CRB3 is essential for lumen formation and ciliary assembly in the mammary epithelium. We demonstrate that CRB3 localizes to the basal body and that CRB3 trafficking is mediated by Rab11-positive endosomes. Significantly, CRB3 interacts with Rab11 to navigate GCP6/Rab11 trafficking vesicles to CEP290, resulting in intact γ-TuRC assembly. In addition, CRB3-depleted cells are unresponsive to the activation of the Hh signaling pathway, while CRB3 regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, our studies reveal the molecular mechanisms by which CRB3 recognizes Rab11-positive endosomes to navigate apical vesicle trafficking in effective ciliogenesis, maintaining cellular homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
Intra- and interspecific diversity in a tropical plant clade alter herbivory and ecosystem resilience
Authors: Grele Ari , Massad Tara J , Uckele Kathryn A , Dyer Lee A , Antonini Yasmine , Braga Laura , Forister Matthew L , Sulca Lidia , Kato Massuo , Lopez Humberto G , Nascimento André R , Parchman Thomas , Simbaña Wilmer R , Smilanich Angela M , Stireman John O , Tepe Eric J , Walla Thomas , Richards Lora A
Published: July 2023

Declines in biodiversity generated by anthropogenic stressors at both species and population levels can alter emergent processes instrumental to ecosystem function and resilience. As such, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function and its response to climate perturbation is increasingly important, especially in tropical systems where responses to changes in biodiversity are less predictable and more challenging to assess experimentally. Using large-scale transplant experiments conducted at five neotropical sites, we documented the impacts of changes in intraspecific and interspecific plant richness in the genus Piper on insect herbivory, insect richness, and ecosystem resilience to perturbations in water availability. We found that reductions of both intraspecific and interspecific Piper diversity had measurable and site-specific effects on herbivory, herbivorous insect richness, and plant mortality. The responses of these ecosystem-relevant processes to reduced intraspecific Piper richness were often similar in magnitude to the effects of reduced interspecific richness. Increased water availability reduced herbivory by 4.2% overall, and the response of herbivorous insect richness and herbivory to water availability were altered by both intra- and interspecific richness in a site-dependent manner. Our results underscore the role of intraspecific and interspecific richness as foundations of ecosystem function and the importance of community and location-specific contingencies in controlling function in complex tropical systems.
Ryanodine receptor 2 inhibition reduces dispersion of cardiac repolarization, improves contractile function, and prevents sudden arrhythmic death in failing hearts
Authors: Joshi Pooja , Estes Shanea , DeMazumder Deeptankar , Knollmann Bjorn C , Dey Swati
Published: July 2023

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) is a leading cause of death, but current therapies are limited. Despite extensive research on drugs targeting sarcolemmal ion channels, none have proven sufficiently effective for preventing SCD. Sarcoplasmic ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+ release channels, the downstream effectors of sarcolemmal ion channels, are underexplored in this context. Recent evidence implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidation and hyperactivity of RyR2s in the pathophysiology of SCD. We tested the hypothesis that RyR2 inhibition of failing arrhythmogenic hearts reduces sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak and repolarization lability, mitigates VT/VF/SCD and improves contractile function. We used a guinea pig model that replicates key clinical aspects of human nonischemic HF, such as a prolonged QT interval, a high prevalence of spontaneous arrhythmic SCD, and profound Ca2+ leak via a hyperactive RyR2. HF animals were randomized to receive dantrolene (DS) or placebo in early or chronic HF. We assessed the incidence of VT/VF and SCD (primary outcome), ECG heart rate and QT variability, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) structure and function, immunohistochemical LV fibrosis, and sarcoplasmic RyR2 oxidation. DS treatment prevented VT/VF and SCD by decreasing dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. Compared to placebo, DS lowered resting heart rate, preserved chronotropic competency during transient β-adrenergic challenge, and improved heart rate variability and cardiac function. Inhibition of RyR2 hyperactivity with dantrolene mitigates the vicious cycle of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ leak-induced increases in diastolic Ca2+ and ROS-mediated RyR2 oxidation, thereby reducing repolarization lability and protecting against VT/VF/SCD. Moreover, the consequent increase in sarcoplasmic Ca2+ load improves contractile function. These potentially life-saving effects of RyR2 inhibition warrant further investigation, such as clinical studies of repurposing dantrolene as a potential new therapy for heart failure and/or SCD.
Condensin positioning at telomeres by shelterin proteins drives sister-telomere disjunction in anaphase
Authors: Colin Léonard , Reyes Celine , Berthezene Julien , Maestroni Laetitia , Modolo Laurent , Toselli Esther , Chanard Nicolas , Schaak Stephane , Cuvier Olivier , Gachet Yannick , Coulon Stephane , Bernard Pascal , Tournier Sylvie
Published: July 2023

The localization of condensin along chromosomes is crucial for their accurate segregation in anaphase. Condensin is enriched at telomeres but how and for what purpose had remained elusive. Here, we show that fission yeast condensin accumulates at telomere repeats through the balancing acts of Taz1, a core component of the shelterin complex that ensures telomeric functions, and Mit1, a nucleosome remodeler associated with shelterin. We further show that condensin takes part in sister-telomere separation in anaphase, and that this event can be uncoupled from the prior separation of chromosome arms, implying a telomere-specific separation mechanism. Consistent with a cis-acting process, increasing or decreasing condensin occupancy specifically at telomeres modifies accordingly the efficiency of their separation in anaphase. Genetic evidence suggests that condensin promotes sister-telomere separation by counteracting cohesin. Thus, our results reveal a shelterin-based mechanism that enriches condensin at telomeres to drive in cis their separation during mitosis.
Epidemic monitoring in real-time based on dynamic grid search and Monte Carlo numerical simulation algorithm
Authors: Chen Xin , Ning Huijun , Guo Liuwang , Diao Dongming , Zhou Xinru , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2023

Building upon the foundational principles of the grid search algorithm and Monte Carlo numerical simulation, this article introduces an innovative epidemic monitoring and prevention plan. The plan offers the capability to accurately identify the sources of infectious diseases and predict the final scale and duration of the epidemic. The proposed plan is implemented in schools and society, utilizing computer simulation analysis. Through this analysis, the plan enables precise localization of infection sources for various demographic groups, with an error rate of less than 3%. Additionally, the plan allows for the estimation of the epidemic cycle duration, which typically spans around 14 days. Notably, higher population density enhances fault tolerance and prediction accuracy, resulting in smaller errors and more reliable simulation outcomes. Overall, this study provides highly valuable theoretical guidance for effective epidemic prevention and control efforts.
An aquatic environmental DNA filtration system to maximize recovery potential and promote filtration approach standardization
Authors: DeHart Hayley M. , Gasser Mark T. , Dixon Jarret , Thielen Peter
Published: July 2023

Background

Aquatic environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising approach to identify organisms in freshwater and marine environments. While the recovery of eDNA from water most commonly involves capture of biological debris on a filter matrix, practitioners are yet to converge on standardized approaches for filtration, particularly in the field. This lack of standardization has resulted in inconsistent handling of samples following collection, limiting interpretation of results across studies and burdening groups with inconvenient storage and transport logistics that may compromise eDNA integrity.

Methods

A simple to assemble and low-cost ($350 USD) water filtration system is demonstrated that can be used in field and laboratory settings to reduce time between sample acquisition and eDNA filtration, maximizing eDNA sample recovery. Quantitative PCR is used to show the utility of the platform for laboratory and marine eDNA analysis.

Results

The resulting eDNA collection system is easily transported in a rugged water-resistant case, operates for more than eight hours on a 12-volt lead-acid battery, and has an unobstructed filtration rate of 150.05 ± 7.01 mL/min and 151.70 ± 6.72 mL/min with 0.22 µm and 0.45 µm Sterivex filters, respectively. We show that immediate sample filtration increases eDNA recovery in the laboratory, and demonstrate collections in aquaria and marine environments. We anticipate that providing easy to obtain, open hardware designs for eDNA sample collection will increase standardization of aquatic eDNA collection methods and improve cross-study comparisons.
Changes in Coleopteran assemblages over a successional chronosequence in a Mexican tropical dry forest
Authors: Díaz-Álvarez Edison A. , Manrique Cesar , Boege Karina , del-Val Ek
Published: July 2023

Coleopterans are the most diverse animal group on Earth and constitute good indicators of environmental change. However, little information is available about Coleopteran communities’ responses to disturbance and land-use change. Tropical dry forests have undergone especially extensive anthropogenic impacts in the past decades. This has led to mosaic landscapes consisting of areas of primary forest surrounded by pastures, agricultural fields and secondary forests, which negatively impacts many taxonomic groups. However, such impacts have not been assessed for most arthropod groups. In this work, we compared the abundance, richness and diversity of Coleopteran morphospecies in four different successional stages in a tropical dry forest in western Mexico, to answer the question: How do Coleopteran assemblages associate with vegetation change over the course of forest succession? In addition, we assessed the family composition and trophic guilds for the four successional stages. We found 971 Coleopterans belonging to 107 morphospecies distributed in 28 families. Coleopteran abundance and richness were greatest for pastures than for latter successional stages, and the most abundant family was Chrysomelidae, with 29% of the individuals. Herbivores were the most abundant guild, accounting for 57% of the individuals, followed by predators (22%) and saprophages (21%) beetles. Given the high diversity and richness found throughout the successional chronosequence of the studied tropical dry forest, in order to have the maximum number of species associated with tropical dry forests, large tracts of forest should be preserved so that successional dynamics are able to occur naturally.
Dynamic Capabilities View within the Field of Strategic Management Field: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Ruiz-Fernández Lorena , Seva-Larrosa Pedro
Published: July 2023

The dynamic capabilities view has been established as one of the most influential theoretical perspectives in contemporary strategic management, raising the need to use bibliometric tools. The work aims to identify the intellectual structure of dynamic capabilities view within the scientific field of strategic management by analyzing 823 research articles published on the Web of Science Core Collection. The results obtained from the analysis of 13,144 cited references have provided important conclusions to one of the most vibrant debates of this study approach, the confrontation between two of the seminal contributions of the dynamic capabilities literature. In addition to shedding light on the ongoing debate in the literature, this paper has achieved some research findings. First, it improves the comprehensive theoretical justification of the need to implement bibliometric techniques in the study field. It lets the researcher could better understand the foundations of the analyses performed. Furthermore, the author and co-citation analysis served to build the respective network and to group the most-cited references into four clusters. These results have been of great use in understanding the current intellectual structure and how to propose the relevant research currents in this field of study. Finally, the conclusions obtained are subject to certain limitations. On the one hand, this research is based on a sample of documents published on the Web of Science Core Collection database. On the other hand, emphasis must be placed on those limitations more closely associated with utilizing bibliometric techniques, which allows us to propose interesting lines of future research.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Crisis Management Strategies on Real Estate Agencies
Authors: Rattanaprichavej Niti
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the crisis management strategies of the real estate agencies in Thailand. The pandemic and consequent lockdown by the Thai government severely hampered the real estate sector, which is heavily dependent on foreign buying and rental demands. The study took a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews of 20 managers or owners. The concepts of crisis management strategy were used to separate the COVID-19 crisis into three stages: pre-crisis, ongoing-crisis, and post-crisis to study the different strategies that conform to the unique criteria in each stage. The research findings depict the strategies employed in each stage: offensive, challenge, passive, termination, and internal process change strategies. Applying/properly balancing these strategies during each crisis stage are critical and must be carefully considered. In addition, agencies are shown the importance of being prepared and planning for uncertainties under the pre-crisis stage. Therefore, well-prepared firms with a proper strategy are less affected by any crisis than those not well-prepared. Under the ongoing- crisis stage, it is about prompt responsiveness and timely implementation of the strategies prepared during the pre-crisis stage with some alterations in immediate reaction to the real-time situations. An internal process change strategy should mainly apply before other strategies to yield immediate/ effective results. Meanwhile, under the post-crisis stage, even though it is almost impossible to prevent the cause of the crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic directly, preparation readiness in the pre-crisis stage, which learned from the previous post-crisis stage is, directly affects the possibility to survive or to thrive of the companies. An evaluation of what strategies worked and what did not during the ongoing crisis must be encrypted, learned from, circulated, and prepared for the next crisis.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in a Wavy Enclosure with and without the Presence of Fins
Authors: Mahmud Md. Abdullah Al , Munshi Md. Jahirul Haque , Islam Md. Siful , Islam Md. Jamiul , Mannan Md. Abdul , Hasan Md. Mehedi
Published: July 2023

This study focuses on numerically simulating heat transfer in an enclosure with a wavy shape, both with and without the presence of fins. The research paper specifically investigates the case of a single vertical fin attached to the lower heated wall of the enclosure. The lower wall is maintained at a constant cold temperature, while the upper wall is kept cold, and the wavy walls are assumed to be constant heated temperature. The top wall lid moves left to right and bottom wall lid moves right to left with constant velocity.  Additionally, a magnetic field of certain strength is applied parallel to the x-axis. The flow inside the enclosure is characterized by a Prandtl number of 0.71. The results are presented through various graphical representations, such as streamlines, isotherms, velocity and temperature distributions, as well as the local Nusselt number. The researchers conducted a parametric study to examine the impact of the Richardson number on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the enclosure. The findings indicate that as the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the enclosure. The findings indicate that as the Hartmann number increases (while keeping the Hartmann number constant) the heat transfer rate is enhanced. To validate their findings, the researchers compare their results with previously published works in the field.
Biocharacterization Study on Fermented Liquid Organic Manure (Kunapajala) Using Analytical Technique: Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors: Revathi M. , Vasuki V. , Parameswari E. , Janaki P. , Krishnan R.
Published: July 2023

“Vrikshayurveda”, an ancient literature collection of plant life science depicted importance of kunapajala, a fermented liquid organic manure sourced from animal origin. It is an excellent organic fertilizer influencing a wide range of crops with enhanced growth and development. During later days, “kunapajala” with vegetarian ingredients, without nutrient compromise was developed and standardized. It includes ingredients viz., soybean meal, paneer, tofu, rice husk, black gram, groundnut oilcake, cow dung, urine, honey, ghee and milk. The fermented formulation has essential nutrients, amino acids, keratins etc. which applied on plants, naturally flourished with excellent growth, flowering and fruiting. In this study, the fermented liquid organic manure kunapajala at 20th, 40th and 60th day of fermentation period was analysed for its bioactive compounds using the analytical technique Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Extract was prepared using organic solvents diethyl ether and methanol. The mass spectra of compounds matched with Wiley's standard mass spectrum database and National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) libraries. This study unfolded the presence of various compounds like Hexanoic acid, Phenol-TMS, Methyl oleate, Octadecanoic acid, Methyl palmitate, Myristic acid-TMS, Tetradecanoic acid, Caproic acid, Methyl myristoleate; (Z)-tetradec-9-enoic acid, 2-Aminooctanoic acid-TMS; 2-aminooctanoic acid, Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Juniperic acid-2TMS, Stearic acid-TMS, Linoleic acid-TMS etc. These phytochemicals have antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, physiological and metabolic responses, antioxidant, Insecticidal irritant and nematicidal activities which effectively influence organic crop production. The result indicated the vital role of kunapajala as an effective source of liquid formulation through its phytochemical importance.
Effect of Storage on Dietary Fibre Rich, Multigrain Cookies
Authors: Parmar Anjali , Deshmukh Ajinkya Sanjay
Published: July 2023

This study focused on the effect of value addition of multigrain cookies with ripe banana peel powder and date powder during storage. Physical and physicochemical analysis of value added multigrain cookies were determined as per AOAC and evaluate the effect of these parameters during storage. The study firstly optimizes the formulation of multigrain flour, comprising wheat, oats, finger millet and barley flour, by blending these flours in various ratios. Subsequently, based on sensory evaluation, a 70:30 ratio (wheat flour to other flour) was found acceptable. Incorporation of banana peel powder and date powder in ratio of 2.5 to 10 % with shortening, powdered sugar, milk, vanilla essence and baking powder resulted in nutritionally rich cookies compared to control in the manner of protein, crude fiber and carbohydrate. Data obtained from analysis clearly indicated that significant higher score was observed for T5 cookies containing 60:30:5:5 ratio of wheat flour: multigrain flour: banana peel powder: date powder. The effect of storage time was sustainably significant on cookies quality parameters, indicating that cookies were acceptable up to 1 month stored in polyethylene bags without any preservative under ambient conditions.
Influence of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus on Growth, Yield and Economics of Field Pea (Pisum sativum, Fabaceae)
Authors: Khajuria Sahil , Debbarma Victor
Published: July 2023

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The objective was to study the influence of Biofertilizers and Phosphorous application on growth and yield of field- pea (Pisum sativum L.). The results showed that treatment 9 [Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Rhizobium along with (70 kg/ha) Phosphorus (P2O5)] recorded significantly higher plant height (54.75 cm), more number of branches/plant (5.15), maximum plant dry weight (8.99 g/plant), maximum pod length (8.05), maximum number of pods/plant (24.97), higher number of grain/pod (7.24), maximum test weight (44.74 g), higher seed yield (16.25 q/ha), higher stover yield (37.11 q/ha) compare to other treatment. The maximum gross return (141133.00 INR/ha), maximum net return (101262.45 INR/ha) and the highest Benefit cost ratio (2.53) was also recorded in treatment 9 as compared to other treatments. Thus the best combination to get maximum growth, yield attributes and economics in field-cultivated Pea (Pisum sativum) was found [PSB + Rhizobium inoculation + 70 kg/ha (P2O5)].
Hydroa Vacciniforme
Authors: Saraswat Neerja , Tripathy Durga Madhab , Kumar Sushil
Published: July 2023

This case report describes recurrent episodes of pruritic vesicular lesions and erosions on the face and photoexposed areas of the arms as well as multiple varioliform scars.
Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military Personnel and Veterans
Authors: Wolfgang Aaron S. , Hoge Charles W.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint reviews the evidence for using cannabis and cannabinoids to treat pain and PTSD in military and veteran populations.
Number Names
Authors: Corver Norbert , Tatsumi Yuta
Published: July 2023

Knowledge of number names is a subpart of our knowledge of language. This entry discusses various components of this knowledge, placing a special focus on the internal structure of number names and on their morphological marking. The following issues are addressed: the categorial nature of number names; the computational system underlying the formation of complex number names; the structural position of (components of) number names; the various morphophonological and morphosyntactic operations that are operative on numerals such as suppletion, contraction, and (c)overtness of functional heads; the formation of ordinals and the formation of counting numerals. The phenomenon of number names is considered from a comparative‐linguistic perspective: number names from both classifier languages and non‐classifier languages (macro‐variation) are discussed. Furthermore, certain formal phenomena related to number names are discussed from a cross‐dialectal (microvariation) and intra‐linguistic perspective. At a more general level, this chapter aims to show that there is a system of rules – a grammar – that underlies the formation of number names in human language.
Tetraspanin CD82 Associates with Trafficking Vesicle in Muscle Cells and Binds to Dysferlin and Myoferlin
Authors: Fontelonga Tatiana , Hall Arielle J. , Brown Jaedon L. , Jung Youngsook L. , Alexander Matthew S. , Dominov Janice A. , Mouly Vincent , Vieira Natassia , Zatz Mayana , Vainzof Mariz , Gussoni Emanuela
Published: July 2023

Tetraspanins organize protein complexes at the cell membrane and are responsible for assembling diverse binding partners in changing cellular states. Tetraspanin CD82 is a useful cell surface marker for prospective isolation of human myogenic progenitors and its expression is decreased in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cell lines. The function of CD82 in skeletal muscle remains elusive, partly because the binding partners of this tetraspanin in muscle cells have not been identified. CD82‐associated proteins are sought to be identified in human myotubes via mass spectrometry proteomics, which identifies dysferlin and myoferlin as CD82‐binding partners. In human dysferlinopathy (Limb girdle muscular dystrophy R2, LGMDR2) myogenic cell lines, expression of CD82 protein is near absent in two of four patient samples. In the cell lines where CD82 protein levels are unaffected, increased expression of the ≈72 kDa mini‐dysferlin product is identified using an antibody recognizing the dysferlin C‐terminus. These data demonstrate that CD82 binds dysferlin/myoferlin in differentiating muscle cells and its expression can be affected by loss of dysferlin in human myogenic cells.
A Low‐Cost, Durable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst Containing Atomic Co and Pt Species for Flow Alkali‐Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cell and Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Zhang Mengtian , Li Hao , Chen Junxiang , Ma Fei‐Xiang , Zhen Liang , Wen Zhenhai , Xu Cheng‐Yan
Published: July 2023

Transition metal single atoms anchored on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) matrix with M‐N‐C active sites have shown to be promising catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a hybrid catalyst with low‐level loading of atomic Pt and Co species encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped graphene (Pt@CoN4‐G) is developed. The Pt@CoN4‐G shows low overpotential for HER in wide‐pH electrolyte and manifests improved mass activity with almost eight times greater than that of Pt/C at an overpotential of 50 mV. The Pt@CoN4‐G also exhibits a top‐level ORR activity (half‐wave potential, E1/2 = 0.893 V) and robust stability (>200 h) in alkaline medium. Using theoretical calculations and comprehensive characterizations , the strong metal–support interactions between Pt species and CoN4‐G support and synergistical cooperation of multiple active sites are clarified. A flow alkali‐Al/acid hybrid fuel cell using Pt@CoN4‐G as cathode catalyst delivers a large power density of 222 mW cm−2 with excellent stability to achieve simultaneously hydrogen evolution and electricity generation. In addition, Pt@CoN4‐G endows a flow Zn‐air battery with high power density (316 mW cm−2), good stability under large current density (>100 h at 100 mA cm−2), and long cycle life (over 600 h at 5 mA cm−2).
Flexible Photonic Radiative Cooling Films: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Xie Wei , Xiao Chengyu , Sun Ya , Fan Yile , Zhao Binyuan , Zhang Di , Fan Tongxiang , Zhou Han
Published: July 2023

Photonic structures designed at sub‐wavelength scales have emerged as a promising avenue for various energy applications, including cooling devices, water harvesting, photovoltaics, and personal thermal management, which have significantly transformed the global energy landscape. Particularly, flexible photonic radiative cooling films, which facilitate heat dissipation from surfaces by emitting it into outer space via infrared radiation, have achieved great progress in recent years. In this review, the different approaches used to design photonic structures for manipulating solar reflectance and optimizing thermal emittance are summarized. On this basis, this review discusses advancements in flexible radiative cooling films that have been meticulously adhere to these design principles, alongside their cooling effects over recent years. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the progress is presented in the photonic integration with new functionality and the fabrication techniques of photonic structures. Lastly, this review highlights the remarkable potential of radiative coolers in various fields. In prospect, the widespread adoption of flexible photonic radiative cooling films holds immense promise for diverse applications.
Wafer‐Scale Epitaxial Growth of Two‐dimensional Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals toward High‐Performance Transistors
Authors: Wang Jinwen , Ren Zheng , Pan Jing , Wu Xiaofeng , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xiujuan
Published: July 2023

The success of state‐of‐the‐art electronics and optoelectronics relies heavily on the capability to fabricate semiconductor single‐crystal wafers. However, the conventional epitaxial growth strategy for inorganic wafers is invalid for growing organic semiconductor single crystals due to the lack of lattice‐matched epitaxial substrates and intricate nucleation behaviors, severely impeding the advancement of organic single‐crystal electronics. Here, an anchored crystal‐seed epitaxial growth method for wafer‐scale growth of 2D organic semiconductor single crystals is developed for the first time. The crystal seed is firmly anchored on the viscous liquid surface, ensuring the steady epitaxial growth of organic single crystals from the crystal seed. The atomically flat liquid surface effectively eliminates the disturbance from substrate defects and greatly enhances the 2D growth of organic crystals. Using this approach, a wafer‐scale few‐layer bis(triethylsilythynyl)‐anthradithphene (Dif‐TES‐ADT) single crystal is formed, yielding a breakthrough for organic field‐effect transistors with a high reliable mobility up to 8.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an ultralow mobility variable coefficient of 8.9%. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate organic single‐crystal wafers for high‐performance organic electronics.
Distinguishing happiness and meaning in life from depressive symptoms: A GWAS‐by‐subtraction study in the UK Biobank
Authors: de Vries Lianne P. , Demange Perline A. , Baselmans Bart M. L. , Vinkers Christiaan H. , Pelt Dirk H. M. , Bartels Meike
Published: July 2023

Hedonic (happiness) and eudaimonic (meaning in life) well‐being are negatively related to depressive symptoms. Genetic variants play a role in this association, reflected in substantial genetic correlations. We investigated the overlap and differences between well‐being and depressive symptoms, using results of Genome‐Wide Association studies (GWAS) in UK Biobank. Subtracting GWAS summary statistics of depressive symptoms from those of happiness and meaning in life, we obtained GWASs of respectively “pure” happiness (neffective = 216,497) and “pure” meaning (neffective = 102,300). For both, we identified one genome‐wide significant SNP (rs1078141 and rs79520962, respectively). After subtraction, SNP heritability reduced from 6.3% to 3.3% for pure happiness and from 6.2% to 4.2% for pure meaning. The genetic correlation between the well‐being measures reduced from 0.78 to 0.65. Pure happiness and pure meaning became genetically unrelated to traits strongly associated with depressive symptoms, including loneliness, and psychiatric disorders. For other traits, including ADHD, educational attainment, and smoking, the genetic correlations of well‐being versus pure well‐being changed substantially. GWAS‐by‐subtraction allowed us to investigate the genetic variance of well‐being unrelated to depressive symptoms. Genetic correlations with different traits led to new insights about this unique part of well‐being. Our results can be used as a starting point to test causal relationships with other variables, and design future well‐being interventions.
Excitation of Forbidden Electronic Transitions in Atoms by Hermite–Gaussian Modes
Authors: Peshkov Anton A. , Jordan Elena , Kromrey Markus , Mehta Karan K. , Mehlstäubler Tanja E. , Surzhykov Andrey
Published: July 2023

Photoexcitation of trapped ions by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes from guided beam structures is proposed and investigated theoretically. In particular, simple analytical expressions for the matrix elements of induced atomic transitions are derived that depend both on the parameters of HG beams and on the geometry of an experiment. By using these general expressions, the electric octupole (E3) transition is investigated in an Yb+ion, localized in the low–intensity center of the HG10and HG01beams. It is shown how the corresponding Rabi frequency can be enhanced by properly choosing the polarization of incident light and the orientation of an external magnetic field, which defines the quantization axis of a target ion. The calculations, performed for experimentally feasible beam parameters, indicate that the achieved Rabi frequencies can be comparable or even higher than those observed for the conventional Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes. Since HG‐like modes can be relatively straightforwardly generated with high purity and stability from integrated photonics, these results suggest that they may form a novel tool for investigating highly‐forbidden atomic transitions.
High performance cellulose acetate/polyamide (CA/PA) thin film composite forward osmotic (TFC‐FO) membranes from dual solvent modification processes
Authors: Lin Mingjie , Ma Junmei , Xue Xuping , Li Shiyang , Wang Qingyi , Lv Zixuan , Gao Congjie , Xue Linxin
Published: July 2023

Polyamide (PA) based thin film composite forward osmotic (TFC‐FO) membranes were prepared through inter‐facial polymerization (IP) processes on porous cellulose acetate (CA) substrates. A dual solvent modification process of adding DMF in the aqueous phase followed by activation with methanol was found to be able to simultaneously improve the permselectivity and anti‐fouling capability of the modified membranes. On top of the acidic CA substrates, DMF could not only absorb the HCl formed in the IP processes, but also chemically bind with the PA matrix by reaction with MPD monomers, leading to formation of homogeneous thin and flat PA layers, while methanol activation further swelled the PA matrix, repaired defects and optimized water permeating channels. Using 1 M NaCl solution as the draw solution, the water flux of the CA/PA‐DMF4‐ME1 membrane was twice that of the pristine membrane, and 24% increase in Jw/Js value from 182 to 225 L·mol−1. Its Jw/Js value could be further increased 10 times to 2000 L·mol−1 using 1 M Na2SO4 solution as draw solution. RO tests for the CA/PA‐DMF4‐ME1 membranes showed 6‐fold increase in water permeance, from 1.16 to 7.02 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, as well as increase in NaCl rejection from 94.8% to 97.7% from pristine membrane.
Green and scalable processing of water‐soluble, biodegradable polymer/clay barrier films
Authors: Röhrl Maximilian , Timmins Renee L. , Ghosh Dipannita , Schuchardt Dominik D. , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Nürmberger Simon , Bölz Uwe , Agarwal Seema , Breu Josef
Published: July 2023

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) based water‐soluble packaging with intentional disposal into wastewater provides great convenience for both households and industry. In this paper, we demonstrate with CO2 evolution testing that only insignificant fractions (~2%) of PVOH biodegrade in wastewater within 33 days. To avoid unintentional environmental build‐up and the accompanying consequences to marine life, alternative materials with a suitable balance of performance and biodegradability are needed. Until now, the barrier properties of biodegradable biopolymers could not compete with state‐of‐the‐art water‐soluble packaging materials like PVOH films. In this paper, we report on waterborne, sandwich‐structured films using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or alginate produced with an industrially scalable slot‐die coater system. The inner layer of the film consists of a collapsed nematic suspension of high aspect ratio synthetic clay nanosheets that act as an impermeable wall. Such a film structure not only allows for barrier filler loadings capable of sufficiently reducing oxygen and water vapor permeability of alginate to 0.063 cm3 mm m−2 day−1 bar−1 and 53.8 g mm m−2 day−1 bar−1, respectively, but also provides mechanical reinforcement to the biopolymer films facilitating scalable processing. Moreover, the films disintegrated in water in less than 6 min while rapid biodegradation of the dissolved polymer was observed.
Comparison of protein quantification methods for protein encapsulation with ZIF‐8 metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Yong Joel , Hakobyan Karen , Xu Jiangtao , Mellick Albert S. , Whitelock John , Liang Kang
Published: July 2023

The use of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as delivery systems for biologically functional macromolecules has been explored widely in recent years due to their ability to protect their payload from a wide range of harsh conditions. Given the wide usage and diversity of potential applications, optimising the encapsulation efficiency by MOFs for different biological is of particular importance. Here, several protein quantitation methods and report were compared on the accuracy, practicality, limitations, and sensitivity of these methods to assess the encapsulation efficiency of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)‐8 MOFs for two common biologicals commonly used in nanomedicine, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the enzyme catalase (CAT). Using these methods, ZIF‐8 encapsulation of BSA and CAT was confirmed to enrich for high molecular weight and glycosylated protein forms. However, contrary to most reports, a high degree of variance was observed across all methods assessed, with fluorometric quantitation providing the most consistent results with the lowest background and greatest dynamic range. While bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay has showed greater detection range than the Bradford (Coomassie) assay, BCA and Bradford assays were found to be susceptible to background from the organic “MOF” linker 2‐methylimidazole, reducing their overall sensitivity. Finally, while very sensitive and useful for assessing protein quality SDS–PAGE is also susceptible to confounding artifacts and background. Given the increasing use of enzyme delivery using MOFs, and the diversity of potential uses in biomedicine, identifying a rapid and efficient method of assessing biomolecule encapsulation is key to their wider acceptance.
Neurofunctional correlates of a neurorehabilitation system based on eye movements in chronic stroke impairment levels: A pilot study
Authors: García‐Ramos Bárbara R. , Villarroel Rebeca , González‐Mora José L. , Revert Consuelo , Modroño Cristián
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Rehabilitation after a stroke is widely considered fundamental to improve secondary functional impairments. Accessible methods based on motor learning, motor transfer and virtual environments are necessary to help to improve stroke patients’ quality of life.

Objectives

Continuing the line of our previous studies, this work investigated the effect of our new and innovative game‐based virtual reality training using the control of virtual objects with gaze in three chronic stroke survivors.

Methods

All participants performed an eye‐controlled virtual training task for 4 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐training evaluation were carried out with the Fugl‐Meyer Assessment for upper extremity scale as well as performing a tracking task inside an MRI scanner with a MRI‐compatible eye‐tracker or a joystick.

Results

Neural results for each participant show the increase of activity in the motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum for both effectors (hand or eye).

Conclusion

These promising results have a potential application as a new game‐based neurorehabilitation approach to enhance the motor activity of stroke patients.
Mutations in the DNA polymerase binding pathway affect the immune microenvironment of patients with small‐cell lung cancer and enhance the efficacy of platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Lin Anqi , Mou Weiming , Zhu Lingxuan , Yang Tao , Zhou Chaozheng , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng
Published: July 2023

Background

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by its high malignancy and is associated with a poor prognosis. In the early stages of the disease, platinum‐based chemotherapy is the recommended first‐line treatment and has demonstrated efficacy. However, SCLC is prone to recurrence and is generally resistant to chemotherapy in its later stages.

Methods

Here, we collected samples from SCLC patients who received platinum‐based chemotherapy, performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and validated our results with publicly available data.

Results

SCLC patients with DNA polymerase binding pathway mutations had an improved prognosis after platinum chemotherapy compared with patients without such mutations. Patients in the mutant (MT) group had higher infiltration of T cells, B cells, and M1 macrophages compared with patients without DNA polymerase binding pathway mutations.

Conclusions

DNA polymerase binding pathway mutations can be used as prognostic markers for platinum‐based chemotherapy in SCLC.
Progress in research on ultrasound radiomics for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Gong Xuantong , Liu Xuefeng , Xie Xiaozheng , Wang Yong
Published: July 2023

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in women worldwide. Effective means of predicting the prognosis of breast cancer are very helpful in guiding treatment and improving patients' survival. Features extracted by radiomics reflect the genetic and molecular characteristics of a tumor and are related to its biological behavior and the patient's prognosis. Thus, radiomics provides a new approach to noninvasive assessment of breast cancer prognosis. Ultrasound is one of the commonest clinical means of examining breast cancer. In recent years, some results of research into ultrasound radiomics for diagnosing breast cancer, predicting lymph node status, treatment response, recurrence and survival times, and other aspects, have been published. In this article, we review the current research status and technical challenges of ultrasound radiomics for predicting breast cancer prognosis. We aim to provide a reference for radiomics researchers, promote the development of ultrasound radiomics, and advance its clinical application.