bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of pulse ratio on codeposition of copper species with calcium phosphate coatings on titanium by means of electrochemically assisted deposition
Authors: Wolf‐Brandstetter Cornelia , Oswald Steffen , Bierbaum Susanne , Wiesmann Hans‐Peter , Scharnweber Dieter
Published: August 2013

Aim of this study was to combine the well‐known biocompatibility and ostoeconductivity of thin calcium phosphate coatings on titanium with proangiogenic signals from codeposited copper species. Copper species could be integrated in mineral layers based on hydroxyapatite by means of electrochemically assisted deposition from electrolytes containing calcium, phosphate, and copper ions. Different combinations of duration and intensity of galvanostatic pulses result in different amounts of deposited calcium phosphate and of copper species even for the same applied total charge. Absolute amounts of copper varied between 2.1 and 6.9 μg/cm², and the copper was distributed homogeneously as shown by EDX mapping. The presence of copper did not change the crystalline phase of deposited calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) but provoked a significant decrease in deposited amounts by factor 3 to 4. The copper was deposited mainly as Cu(I) species with a minor fraction of basic copper phosphates. Reduction of copper occurred not only at the surface of titanium but also within the hydroxyapatite coating due to the reaction with hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water during the cathodic polarization of the substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 160–172, 2014.
Electroencephalogram effects of armodafinil: Comparison with behavioral alertness
Authors: Conrado Daniela J. , Bewernitz Michael , Ding Mingzhou , Cibula Jean , Seubert Christoph , Sy Sherwin K. B. , Eisenschenk Stephan , Derendorf Hartmut
Published: August 2013

Development of central nervous system‐acting drugs would be enhanced by suitable biomarkers that reflect the targeted pathophysiologic brain state. The electroencephalogram (EEG) has several characteristics of an ideal biomarker and can be promptly adapted to pre‐clinical and clinical testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate EEG as a measure of the wakefulness‐promoting effect of armodafinil in sleep deprived healthy subjects. Armodafinil pharmacodynamics were simultaneously assessed by EEG‐ and behavioral‐based measures including a well‐established measure of alertness. Using two quantitative EEG‐based measures—power spectral and event‐related brain activity analyses—we observed that armodafinil mitigated the slowing of brain activity and the decrease of the event‐related brain activity caused by sleep deprivation. Armodafinil‐induced changes in EEG are in agreement and explain up to 73.1% of the armodafinil‐induced changes in alertness. Our findings suggest that EEG can serve as a marker of the wakefulness‐promoting drug effect.
Fault slip rates and interseismic deformation in the western Transverse Ranges, California
Authors: Marshall Scott T. , Funning Gareth J. , Owen Susan E.
Published: August 2013

To better constrain fault slip rates and patterns of interseismic deformation in the western Transverse Ranges of southern California, we present results from analysis of GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data and three‐dimensional mechanical and kinematic models of active faulting. Anthropogenic motions are detected in several localized zones but do not significantly affect the vast majority of continuous GPS site locations. GPS measures contraction rates across the Ventura Basin of ~7 mm/yr oriented west‐northwest with rates decreasing to the west and east. The Santa Barbara channel is accommodating ~6.5 mm/yr in the east and ~2.5 mm/yr in the western portions of N/S contraction. Inversion of horizontal GPS velocities highlights a zone of localized fast contraction rates following the Ventura Basin. Using a mechanical model driven by geodetically calculated strain rates, we show that there are no significant discrepancies between short‐term slip rates captured by geodesy and longer‐term slip rates measured by geology. Mechanical models reproduce the first‐order interseismic velocity and strain rate patterns but fail to reproduce strongly localized contraction in the Ventura Basin due to the inadequate homogeneous elastic properties of the model. Existing two‐dimensional models match horizontal rates but predict significant uplift gradients that are not observed in the GPS data. Mechanical models predict zones of fast contraction in the Santa Barbara channel and offshore near Malibu, suggesting that offshore faults represent a significant seismic hazard to the region. Furthermore, many active faults throughout the region may produce little to no interseismic deformation, making accurate seismic hazard assessment challenging.
Feasibility of one‐step endoscopic metal stenting for distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Shimizu Shuya , Naitoh Itaru , Nakazawa Takahiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Miyabe Katsuyuki , Kondo Hiromu , Yoshida Michihiro , Yamashita Hiroaki , Ohara Hirotaka , Joh Takashi
Published: August 2013

Background

We aimed to clarify the clinical usefulness of one‐step self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for distal malignant biliary obstruction by comparing with two‐step SEMS placement.

Methods

We retrospectively compared early complications, bilirubin level decreasing rate, and period of hospitalization between 40 patients with one‐step SEMS and 52 patients with two‐step SEMS. We also evaluated the complications in patients with two‐step SEMS by classifying them into first drainage (ERBD or ENBD) and second drainage (SEMS).

Results

The total incidence of early complications was significantly higher in patients with one‐step SEMS than the second drainage of two‐step SEMS (42.5% [17/40] vs. 13.5% [7/52]; P = 0.004). However, there was no significant difference in the early complications between one‐step SEMS and two‐step SEMS (total of first and second drainage) (42.5% [17/40] vs. 36.5% [19/52]; P = 0.561). The period required to reach the bilirubin level (<3 mg/dL) after initial drainage was significantly shorter in one‐step SEMS than in two‐step SEMS (5.7 vs. 10.1 days; P = 0.025). Similar results were observed in the period of hospitalization for patients without chemotherapy (22.2 vs. 37.3 days; P = 0.004).

Conclusions

One‐step SEMS placement is the alternative option of drainage method for distal malignant biliary obstruction.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of mucin‐producing bile duct tumor and mucinous cystic tumor of the liver: a multi‐institutional study by the Japan Biliary Association
Authors: Kubota Keiichi , Nakanuma Yasuni , Kondo Fukuo , Hachiya Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Masaru , Nagino Masato , Yamamoto Masakazu , Isayama Hiroyuki , Tabata Masami , Kinoshita Hisafumi , Kamisawa Terumi , Inui Kazuo
Published: August 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN) and mucin‐producing intraductal papillary neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct (M‐IPNB).

Methods

We performed a multi‐institutional, retrospective study of patients with MCN or M‐IPNB pathologically defined by the presence or absence of an ovarian‐like stroma.

Results

The M‐IPNB and MCN were diagnosed in 119 and nine patients, respectively. MCN was observed in female patients, while M‐IPNB produced symptoms of cholangitis. M‐IPNBs were classed as low or intermediate grade in 53 cases, high grade in 23 and invasive carcinoma in 43. Fifty‐one of the M‐IPNBs were the pancreatobiliary type (PT), 33 were the intestinal type (IT), 23 were the oncocytic type (OT), and 12 were the gastric type (GT). The 1‐, 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates for the 105 patients with M‐IPNB were 96%, 84% and 81%, respectively, while the 5‐year survival rate for patients with MCN was 100%. OT and GT M‐IPNB had better 10‐year survival rates than PT and IT M‐IPNB.

Conclusions

Although MCN has different features from M‐IPNB, both diseases have a good prognosis after resection. The cellular type of M‐IPNB appears to predict outcome.
Is Eurasian snow cover in October a reliable statistical predictor for the wintertime climate on the Iberian Peninsula?
Authors: Brands S. , Herrera S. , Gutiérrez J.M.
Published: August 2013

In this study, the recently found lead–lag relationship between Eurasian snow cover increase in October and wintertime precipitation totals on the Iberian Peninsula is re‐visited and generalized to a broad range of atmospheric variables on the synoptic and local scale. To this aim, a robust (resistant to outliers) method for calculating the index value for Eurasian snow cover increase in October is proposed. This ‘Robust Snow Advance Index’ (RSAI) is positively correlated with the wintertime (DJF) frequency of cyclonic and westerly flow circulation types over the Iberian Peninsula, while the corresponding relationship with anticyclonic and easterly flow types is negative. For both cases, an explained variance of approximately 60% indicates a strong and highly significant statistical link on the synoptic scale.

Consistent with these findings, it is then shown that the lead–lag relationship equally holds for the DJF‐mean conditions of (1) precipitation amount, (2) diurnal temperature range, (3) sun hours, (4) cloud cover and (5) wind speed on the local scale. To assess if these target variables can be skillfully hindcast, simple linear regression is applied as a statistical forecasting method, using the October RSAI as the only predictor variable. One‐year out cross‐validation yields locally significant hindcast correlations of up to approximately 0.8, obtaining field significance for any of the five target variables mentioned above. The validity for a wide range of atmospheric variables and the consistency of the local‐ and synoptic‐scale results affirm the question posed in the title.
Estimating raptor electrocution mortality on distribution power lines in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Kemper Cindy M. , Court Gordon S. , Beck James A.
Published: August 2013

Raptor electrocution mortality on power lines has been well documented over the past several decades, yet knowledge gaps, particularly regarding electrocution rates and estimates of losses, are still prevalent in the literature. Mortality estimates that do exist are often derived solely from utility outage records and exclude those not associated with a sustained outage. To address these shortcomings, we directly assessed raptor electrocution mortality beneath distribution power lines in east‐central Alberta, Canada between June and August 2003. We also experimentally tested the effect of scavenger removal of carcasses. We observed the greatest rate of raptor mortality on transformer poles; 3‐phase corner deadend poles were implicated in more incidents than expected based on proportional frequency, whereas tangent structures showed the opposite result. An estimated 94% of electrocution mortality was not associated with a power outage, indicating that utility outage data alone is insufficient to estimate incidence of electrocution. Scavenger removal rates were high, with >50% of the experimental carcasses removed within 7 days. Study results will assist utility companies and wildlife managers to better delineate structure retrofitting and new construction standards for structures that cause a disproportionately high number of raptor electrocutions, maximizing limited mitigation funds. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Realized population change for long‐term monitoring: California spotted owl case study
Authors: Conner Mary M. , Keane John J. , Gallagher Claire V. , Jehle Gretchen , Munton Thomas E. , Shaklee Paula A. , Gerrard Ross A.
Published: August 2013

The annual rate of population change (λt) is a good metric for evaluating population performance because it summarizes survival and recruitment rates and can be used for open populations. Another measure of population performance, realized population change (Δt) is an encompassing metric of population trend over a period of time; it is the ratio of population size at an end time period relative to the initial population size. Our first goal was to compare mean λ and Δt as summaries of population change over time. Our second goal was to evaluate different methods for estimating these parameters; specifically we wished to compare the value of estimates from fixed effects models, random effects estimates from mixed effects models, and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Our final goal was to evaluate the use of the posterior distribution of Δt as a means for estimating the probability of population decline retrospectively. To meet these goals, we used California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) data collected on 3 study areas from 1990 to 2011 as a case study. The estimated MCMC median λs for 2 of the study areas were 0.986 and 0.993, indicating declining populations, whereas median λ was 1.014 for the third study area, indicating an increasing population. For 2 of the study areas, estimated MCMC median Δts over the 18‐year monitoring period were 0.78 and 0.89, suggesting 21% and 11% declines in population size, whereas the third study area was 1.22 suggesting a 22% increase. Results from Δt analyses highlight that small differences in mean λ from 1.0 (stationary) can result in large differences in population size over a longer time period; these temporal effects are better depicted by Δt. Fixed effects, random effects, and MCMC estimates of mean and median λ and of Δt were similar (≤9% relative difference). The estimate of temporal process variance was larger for MCMC than the random effects estimates. Results from a Bayesian approach using MCMC simulations indicated that the probabilities of a ≥15% decline over 18 years were 0.69, 0.40, and 0.04 for the 3 study areas, whereas the probabilities the populations were stationary or increasing were 0.07, 0.22, and 0.82. For retrospective analyses of monitored populations, using Bayesian MCMC methods to generate a posterior distribution of Δt is a valuable conservation and management tool for robustly estimating probabilities of specified declines of interest. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison between blue lasers and light‐emitting diodes for future solid‐state lighting
Authors: Wierer Jonathan J. , Tsao Jeffrey Y. , Sizov Dmitry S.
Published: August 2013

Solid‐state lighting (SSL) is now the most efficient source of high color quality white light ever created. Nevertheless, the blue InGaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are the light engine of SSL still have significant performance limitations. Foremost among these is the decrease in efficiency at high input current densities widely known as “efficiency droop.” Efficiency droop limits input power densities, contrary to the desire to produce more photons per unit LED chip area and to make SSL more affordable. Pending a solution to efficiency droop, an alternative device could be a blue laser diode (LD). LDs, operated in stimulated emission, can have high efficiencies at much higher input power densities than LEDs can. In this article, LEDs and LDs for future SSL are explored by comparing: their current state‐of‐the‐art input‐power‐density‐dependent power‐conversion efficiencies; potential improvements both in their peak power‐conversion efficiencies and in the input power densities at which those efficiencies peak; and their economics for practical SSL.
Multivalent (Nitrilotriacetic Acid)‐End‐Functionalized Polystyrenes by ATRP and Their Self‐Assembly
Authors: Kadir Mohammad Abdul , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Jiyeon , Lee Chaeyeon , Lee Sang Hee , Lee Sun‐Gu , Paik Hyun‐jong
Published: August 2013

The synthesis of tri‐(nitrilotriacetic acid) (NTA)‐end‐functionalized polystyrenes using an initiator containing tert‐butyl protected NTA moieties, by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene is described. First, a suitable ATRP initiator is prepared and subsequently characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectro­scopy. The structures of the tri‐NTA‐end‐functionalized polystyrenes (tri‐NTA‐PS) are confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Tri‐NTA‐PS itself produces self‐assembled spherical aggregates with ≈40–60 nm diameters in water/THF, whereas nickel‐complexed tri‐NTA‐PS produces spherical core–shell hybrid aggregates with ≈90–115 nm diameters with His‐tagged GFP in water/DMF (DMF 4 vol%), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements.

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Outcome of contralateral C7 transfer to two recipient nerves in 22 patients with the total brachial plexus avulsion injury
Authors: Gao Kaiming , Lao Jie , Zhao Xin , Gu Yudong
Published: August 2013

The treatment of total brachial plexus avulsion injury is difficult with unfavorable prognosis. This report presents our experience on the contralateral C7 (CC7) nerve root transfer to neurotize two recipient nerves in the patients with total BPAI. Twenty‐two patients underwent CC7 transfer to two target nerves in the injured upper limb. The patients' ages ranged from 13 to 48 years. The entire CC7 was transferred to pedicled ulnar nerve in the first stage. The interval between trauma and surgery ranged from 1 to 13 months. The ulnar nerve was transferred to recipients (median nerve and biceps branch or median nerve and triceps branch) at 2–13 months after first operation. The motor recovery of wrist and finger flexor to M3 or greater was achieved in 68.2% of patients, the sensory recovery of median nerve area recovered to S3 or greater in 45.5% of patients. The functional recovery of elbow flexor to M3 or greater was achieved in 66.7% of patients with repair of biceps branch and 20% of patients with repair of the triceps branch (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in median nerve function recovery at comparisons of the age younger and older than 20‐years‐old and the intervals between trauma and surgery. In conclusion, the use of CC7 transfer for repair two recipient nerves might be an option for treatment of total BPAI. The functional recovery of the repaired biceps branch appeared to be better than that of the triceps branch. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:605–611, 2013.
Hairpin polymer unfolding in square nanochannels
Authors: Ibáñez‐García Gabriel O. , Goldstein Patricia , Zarzosa‐Pérez Alicia
Published: August 2013

The unfolding dynamics of a flexible hairpin polymer inserted in a square nanochannel is studied using Brownian dynamics simulations of the bead‐spring model. Because the hairpin polymer is not an equilibrium configuration, the molecule starts unfolding until it reaches a stretched configuration inside the tube. We study the effect of varying the channel height and width D, and the number of monomers N in the folded arm on the unfolding times. We show that for square nanochannels, the unfolding time scales as DN2, for small values of D. The unfolding relaxation dynamics obeys similar mechanisms described in the escaping dynamics of partially inserted polymers in cylindrical nanotubes. We also show that the velocity of the polymer center of mass scales as D−1, in agreement with DNA unfolding experiments in solid‐state nanochannels and recent computational simulations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1411–1418
Perceptions of physically active men with prostate cancer on the role of physical activity in maintaining their quality of life: possible influence of androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Keogh Justin W. L. , Patel Asmita , MacLeod Roderick D. , Masters Jonathan
Published: August 2013

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of older men with prostate cancer regarding their quality of life and physical activity post‐diagnosis, and the potential benefits and risks associated with being physically active. A secondary aim was to gain some preliminary insight into how these perceptions may differ as a function of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Methods

Two focus groups were conducted, consisting of six ADT and eight non‐ADT men, respectively. The probe questions used assessed the link between quality of life and physical activity as well as the benefits and risks associated with physical activity. Data were transcribed verbatim and themes identified using a general inductive thematic approach.

Results

The primary themes identified were sexual health, ‘plumbing’ and non‐urogenital side‐effects, return to and increased levels of physical activity post‐diagnosis, physical health/function and psychological benefits of physical activity as well as over‐doing it and age‐related risks of excessive physical activity. However, not all themes were present in both the ADT and the non‐ADT sub‐groups.

Conclusions

These results further highlight the link between physical activity and quality of life in prostate cancer survivors and how they use physical activity as a part of their survivorship process. Of particular interest was how several men on ADT used resistance training to counteract ADT‐related side‐effects affecting their masculinity. As the evidence for physical activity for prostate cancer survivorship is increasing, cancer clinicians and service providers should consider ways to better assist these men, especially those on ADT become more active. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A leader sequence capable of enhancing RNA expression and protein synthesis in mammalian cells
Authors: Wellensiek Brian P. , Larsen Andrew C. , Flores Julia , Jacobs Bertram L. , Chaput John C.
Published: August 2013

Many applications in biotechnology require human proteins generated from human cells. Stable cell lines commonly used for this purpose are difficult to develop, and scaling to large numbers of proteins can be problematic. Transient expression can circumvent this problem, but protein yields are generally too low for most applications. Here we report a novel 37‐nucleotide leader sequence that promotes rapid and high transgene expression in mammalian cells. This sequence was identified by in vitro selection and functions in a transient vaccinia‐based cytoplasmic expression system. Vectors containing this sequence produce microgram levels of protein in just 6 h from a small‐scale expression in 106 cells. This level of protein synthesis is ideal for high throughput production of human proteins, and could be scaled to generate milligram quantities of protein. The technology is compatible with a broad range of cell lines, accepts plasmid and linear DNA, and functions with viruses that are approved for use under BSL1 conditions. We suggest that these advantages provide a powerful method for generating human protein in mammalian cells.
A simple test for synergy for a small number of combinations
Authors: Novick Steven J.
Published: August 2013

A method for detecting deviations from the Loewe additive drug combination reference model for in vitro drug combination experimentation is described. It is often difficult to fit a response surface model to drug combination data, especially in situations where the experimental design contains a sparse set of combinations. The literature does contain good response surface modeling approaches, but they tend to be complex and can be difficult to execute. It is especially difficult to check model quality when fitting to more than two combined agents. A simple method based on sound statistical principles is proposed that examines the mean response deviation of each combination from the predicted response under Loewe additivity. The method can readily handle any number of combined agents, does not require sophisticated modeling, and can even be programmed into Microsoft Excel without the use of macros. Several potential extensions to the method are discussed in detail. Computer‐generated simulations demonstrate the statistical capabilities of the approach, and a real‐data example is given to illustrate the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Interaction of Motivation, Self‐Regulatory Strategies, and Autonomous Learning Behavior in Different Learner Groups
Authors: Kormos Judit , Csizér Kata
Published: August 2013

Autonomous learning and effective self‐regulatory strategies are increasingly important in foreign language learning; without these, students might not be able to exploit learning opportunities outside language classrooms. This study investigated the influence of motivational factors and self‐regulatory strategies on autonomous learning behavior. The researchers developed a new questionnaire for Hungarian learners and administered it to secondary school students, university students, and adult language learners. Their structural equation models show that strong instrumental goals and international posture, together with positive future self‐guides, are prerequisites for use of effective self‐regulatory strategies, which in turn play an important role in influencing autonomous use of traditional and computer‐assisted learning resources. Findings reveal no major structural differences between the groups, which suggests that the model is applicable to the most important language learner populations in the context investigated. Efficient management of time and boredom, as well as proactivity in seeking learning opportunities, were found to be necessary to promote autonomous use of traditional learning resources. In contrast, satiation control and time management were not important determiners of independent use of modern learning technology. Results indicate that in order to exploit the affordances of learning technology, a proactive approach to locating and using these learning resources is necessary.
Triggers and cues that activate antibiotic production by actinomycetes
Authors: Zhu Hua , Sandiford Stephanie K , van Wezel Gilles P
Published: August 2013

Actinomycetes are a rich source of natural products, and these mycelial bacteria produce the majority of the known antibiotics. The increasing difficulty to find new drugs via high-throughput screening has led to a decline in antibiotic research, while infectious diseases associated with multidrug resistance are spreading rapidly. Here we review new approaches and ideas that are currently being developed to increase our chances of finding novel antimicrobials, with focus on genetic, chemical, and ecological methods to elicit the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters. The genome sequencing revolution identified numerous gene clusters for natural products in actinomycetes, associated with a potentially huge reservoir of unknown molecules, and prioritizing them is a major challenge for in silico screening-based approaches. Some antibiotics are likely only expressed under very specific conditions, such as interaction with other microbes, which explains the renewed interest in soil and marine ecology. The identification of new gene clusters, as well as chemical elicitors and culturing conditions that activate their expression, should allow scientists to reinforce their efforts to find the necessary novel antimicrobial drugs.
Entertainment–Education? A Fotonovela? A New Strategy to Improve Depression Literacy and Help‐Seeking Behaviors in At‐Risk Immigrant Latinas
Authors: Hernandez Maria Y. , Organista Kurt C.
Published: August 2013

Research shows high risk for depression among immigrant Latinas known to increase during the acculturation process. Several barriers such as stigma and low health literacy result in an under‐utilization of needed treatment among these women. In response, this study replicated the effectiveness of a Spanish language fotonovela, a form of Entertainment–Education (E–E), designed to increase depression literacy, decrease stigma, and increase help‐seeking knowledge and behavior in Latinos. Specifically, this study evaluated a fotonovela delivered in a multifaceted approach to health education used by promotoras. A pretest–posttest randomized control group experimental design with 142 immigrant Latinas at risk for depression was employed. Results indicate significant posttest improvements in depression knowledge, self‐efficacy to identify the need for treatment, and decreased stigma in experimental as compared to control group participants. Findings support the application of E–E health literacy tools such as fotonovelas, delivered in multifaceted approaches to health education used by promotoras, to Latinas at risk for mental health concerns.
Accelerating the reduction in cervical cancer: What can we learn from the Safe Motherhood movement?
Authors: Tsu Vivien D. , Jeronimo Jose
Published: August 2013

As we move toward the post‐2015 development agenda, we should reflect on the accomplishments of the Safe Motherhood movement and derive potential lessons to strengthen programs to reduce the burden of cervical cancer. Five key areas have been the focus of attention over the years: definition of the magnitude and distribution of maternal mortality; identification of effective and feasible clinical solutions; advocacy to increase attention, resources, and commitment; leadership through international coalitions; and development of a framework for accountability, with targets and indicators. While efforts have been made in each of these areas for cervical cancer prevention, progress has been constrained by inadequate resources. Data are of variable quality, with few cancer registries in the countries where cervical cancer is most prevalent. There has been substantial progress in identifying feasible and effective clinical and programmatic interventions, and a growing consensus around meaningful indicators. Advocacy on behalf of cervical cancer prevention has been gaining momentum but leadership is still fragmented. With so many of the basic elements for cervical cancer prevention in place, we must use the lessons learned from the Safe Motherhood movement to accelerate the pace of scaling‐up cervical cancer prevention activities, saving millions of women's lives in the next decade.
CAPACIDAD DE GENERACIÓN DE EMPLEO EN EL CUIDADO DE INFANTES EN EL VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA: UN EJEMPLO A PARTIR DE LOS NUEVOS YACIMIENTOS DE EMPLEO
Authors: Aguado Quintero Luis Fernando
Published: August 2013

Using the New Employment Sources approach, in this article an evaluation is carried out of the potential employment created in the activity of looking after infants (0 – 4 years) in the Valle del Cauca department of Colombia, by means of two alternatives: a) the number of potential jobs created through people employed in the home, or in child-care centers, and b) the number of potential jobs created for personnel in institutions outside the home, and who are specialized in primary education and child care. The calculations, taking into account only the infant population whose mothers or fathers have expressed dissatisfaction regarding their care, show a potential for the creation of 25,356 new jobs for workers in the home, or in child-care institutions, and a total of 4,057 positions for personnel in initial education and child-care centers.
ADMINISTRACION DE RECURSOS DE DISTRIBUCION: INDICADORES PARA LA PRIORIZACION EN TRANSPORTE
Authors: Bravo Juan José , Orejuela Cabrera Juan Pablo , Osorio Gómez Juan Carlos
Published: August 2013

Due to the exigencies of new commercial trades, enterprises have seen forced to increment their competitive levels to become more efficient in the management of their limited resources.  In this situation, It is natural that the top managers in the organizations consider the transportation in general and physical distribution in particular as an important field to study and improve, seeking important cost reductions.  In this paper we present an study of the administration of distribution resources, focused in the right management of product dispatching, assuming resource limitations.  We propose some metrics that constitute, when used in a combined way, a valuable support for planning dispatching process, considering a typical delivery from one (1) distribution center toward “n” warehouses which can be considered internal o external clients.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. EL PROYECTO DE EXPORTACIÓN DE VAJILLAS
Authors: Cuevas Villegas Carlos Fernando , Torres García Carlos Alberto , Guzmán Potes Juan Gonzálo , Holguín Pontón Juan Carlos
Published: August 2013

Based on the design of a project, this case study illustrates the challenges and decisions faced by a Colombian company in the process of pursuing new markets. This process could call for a dramatic change in the operations of the company, which would then have to move from being an exclusively commercial company to becoming a manufacturing company also, thereby keeping its main product and conducting a vertical integration.
LA GESTIÓN HUMANA EN COLOMBIA: CARACTERÍSTICAS Y TENDENCIAS DE LA PRÁCTICA Y DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN
Authors: Calderón Hernández Gregorio , Naranjo Valencia Julia Clemencia , Álvarez Giraldo Claudia Milena
Published: August 2013

This analytical study briefly reviews the relationship between the modernization of business practices and human resource management in Colombia. It provides a description of the characteristics of human resource departments and practices, including a description of the labor market and employee relations consistent with human resource management. The last part discusses the generation of knowledge in this country, taking into account the three most relevant perspectives, namely, the sociological, humanist, and strategic perspectives, of which the latter links human resource departments and practices with the strategic objectives and goals of an organization, considering that its intangible assets are the main source of its sustainable competitive advantage.
EL IMPACTO DEL USO EFECTIVO DE LAS TIC SOBRE LA EFICIENCIA TÉCNICA DE LAS EMPRESAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: Fernández Menéndez José , López Sánchez José Ignacio , Rodríguez Duarte Antonio , Sandulli Francesco
Published: August 2013

A large number of studies about the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) impact on the productivity of firms have discovered that the mere investment in IT doesn’t suffice. Additional investments, organizational and human resource management practices, etc. are necessary. This study shows how the simple usage of IT has no relevant effect on firms productivity, but the frequency of the usage in the communications with clients and providers increases significantly the performance of the firms. This performance is evaluated as the technical efficiency in the process of transformation from inputs to outputs in the firm. The calculus of this efficiency has been done by a Data Envelopment Analysis model. This is an standard methodology in empirical studies about productivity but has rarely became a tool of choice when analysing the impact of  the IT on firm performance.
MODELO DE INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL PARA DIRECTORES DE CENTROS DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN MÉXICO (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Trujillo Flores Mara Maricela , Rivas Tovar Luis Arturo
Published: August 2013

The objective of this paper is to show the results of IE-Martruj, a model designed for measuring emotional intelligence in directors of research centers (RCs), which was applied to 43 directors of research centers in Mexico. The validation model and reliability tests are described in detail, as well as the mathematical formulae used. As a general conclusion of this research, we show that: The model studied is an adequate instrument for the task proposed, and that the Emotional intelligence (EI) of  directors of RCs is positively associated with: motivation, self-assessment, self-regulation, empathy and social skills.  Also, the following hypotheses were tested with positive results: H1 - Motivation, initiative, optimism and involvement are conditions positively correlated with the effectiveness of directors of RCs.H2 – Self knowledge, emotional awareness, precise self evaluation and self awareness are positively correlated with each other, and are essential parts of intrapersonal intelligence.H3 - Self-regulation, self control, adaptability and self awareness are positively correlated with each other, and are also part of intrapersonal intelligence.H4 - Empathy, comprehension of others, development of subordinates’ skills, readiness to serve, capacity to manage diversity, and political coherence exhibited by an RC director are positively correlated with each other, and are part of interpersonal intelligence.H5 Social skills exhibited by directors, that are also part of interpersonal intelligence, allow a director to exert a greater influence on the working group, facilitating communication, conflict management, leadership, collaboration, cooperation and development of team skills.
LA INFLUENCIA DE LA CULTURA Y DEL ESTILO DE GESTIÓN SOBRE EL CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL. ESTUDIO DE CASO DE LA MEDIANA EMPRESA EN LA DELEGACIÓN IZTAPALAPA
Authors: Guillén Mondragón Irene , Aduna Mondragón Alma Patricia
Published: August 2013

This document analyzes the cultural and profile cultural influence on the organizational climate of organizations located at Iztapalapa’s area, in México City.  The approach to the the culture and the organizational climate was done by organizational analyses and comparative case study about medium enterprises looking for the degree of association between the culture, the organizational climate and the relationship with the management style in the definition of the labour climate. The results recognize the specificities and particular characteristics of some Mexican enterprises, and provide analysis tools that allow a better understanding of the enterprises in Mexico. The approach to the organizational climate allows an understanding of factors related with work satisfaction and the problems small and medium Mexican enterprises (PyMES) have to face.
KNIGHT Y SUS APORTES A LA TEORÍA DEL EMPRENDEDOR
Authors: Tarapuez Chamorro Edwin , Zapata Erazo Jairo Andrés , Agreda Montenegro Esperanza
Published: August 2013

At the end of XIX century, Economists attention was centered in the study of business capabilities and some facts that determinate a type of benefit improperly studied until that moment, arising the concept of entrepreneur. Knight considers the entrepreneur as unique productive factor; he settles down a clear distinction between risk and uncertainty and by means of them explains the benefit perceived. The entrepreneur is conceived by Knight, as a dynamic and innovating agent of development. Knight explains that the entrepreneur’s benefit comes from his ability to manage uncertainty.
DECISIONES DE FINANCIACIÓN DE LA INDUSTRIA METALMECÁNICA DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA
Authors: Rivera Godoy Jorge Alberto
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this study is to find the factors that influence the long term funding decision making in the metal mechanic industry at Valle del Cauca (Colombia), unexplored until now. The study covers the 2000-2006 period. The method used was an analysis of the financial structure and a Panel Data econometric model. The reference framework in based on the main theories for capital structures and field test at the domestic and international level. A long term debt level is found that is highly dependent on credit with financial institutions; the determining factors and their relationship with debt are: fiscal protection other than debt (-), growth opportunities (+) and profitability (-). The analysis of the factors don’t allow to fully demonstrate if the companies want to find an optimum capital structure or to avoid asymmetrical information problems given the poorly developed Colombian capital market, which warrants expanding the research in this field.
GESTIÓN HUMANA: TENDENCIAS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Saldarriaga Ríos Juan Guillermo
Published: August 2013

This article refers to the trends and perspectives of human management that have been imposed currently on the world, and which in their way, try to optimize the management of the personal in the organization and contribute to the development and increase of the productiveness.  A State of the Art was done in order to determine recent tendencies about this topic what let us conclude that the discourses about this tendencies describe a human being that is “rescue” inside the organization, which not necessarily corresponds to the reality of the human management process followed inside national and international organizations.
DESEMPEÑO DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES MEXICANAS CERTIFICADAS EN LA NORMA ISO 9001:2000
Authors: Nava Carballido Víctor Manuel , Rivas Tovar Luis Arturo
Published: August 2013

This research describes the status of certification in Mexico in ISO 9001:2000. After a review of the state of the art is validated a model that relates four independent variables: Evaluation of the strategy, Motivation, Process Implementation and Control Strategic and their impact on the dependent variable organizational performance. The research was applied in 96 Mexican organizations. As a result, it is shown that the performance of an organization improves when it implements a program of ISO 9001:2000, if the organization has active motivation. The organizational performance was measured as an improvement in quality (0,81), a decrease in cost (0,83), an increase of sales (0,88) and an improvement in customer satisfaction (0,82). Based on the evidence found an empirical model is proposed.
GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL ORIENTADA AL VALOR DEL CLIENTE COMO FUENTE DE VENTAJA COMPETITIVA. PROPUESTA DE UN MODELO EXPLICATIVO
Authors: Valenzuela Leslier , Torres Moraga Eduardo
Published: August 2013

The globalization and the high competitive environment, demand the companies to be orientated to the market and to manage its clients' portfolio as a strategic asset key to increase the profitability of the business and to achieve a competitive sustainable advantage in the time. The objective of this article is to contribute with a model based on the customer equity to help the companies to make better strategic marketing decisions. The formulated hypotheses have been contrasted through a structural model using reliable constructs that have been applied to the tourist sector, specifically, to travel agencies in Spain. The results reveal that there is a positive and significant relation between the customer value orientation ratio and better strategic marketing decisions. Finally, the study presents the conclusions and implications that these results could have in business management.
INCREMENTANDO LAS RELACIONES COMERCIALES ENTRE COLOMBIA Y CHINA
Authors: Ahcar Olmos Jaime Rafael , Osorio Medina Emma
Published: August 2013

After the reforms of the late 1970s, China achieved such a strong economic take-off that it was able to consolidate into one of today's most important markets worldwide, catching the attention of business people and researchers around the globe. In Colombia few studies have been conducted to examine commercial relations with China. In this respect, this paper provides a thorough review of statistical sources and bibliographical references, shedding light on the characteristics of and the factors affecting bilateral commercial relations. It shows that, although China is an important supplier of goods to Colombia, exports to that country remain below their potential, thus generating a huge commercial deficit. It also shows that Colombian exports to China focus on a limited number of products and, given the size and potential of the Chinese economy, Colombia should begin commercial negotiations with China for the purpose of signing a free trade agreement that would make it possible to increase trade between both countries.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. RETOS LOGÍSTICOS EN SSANGYONG MOTOR COLOMBIA S.A.
Authors: Ramírez Robledo Carlos Enrique , Paredes Julián Andrés , Carmona Johanna , Gil A. Mario Andrés
Published: August 2013

The appreciation process of the Colombian Peso and the economic growth of Colombian economy from years 2005 to 2006 generated a huge increase in cars’ sales. In order to take advantage of this market opportunity, SsangYong Motor Colombia, a multinational firm specialized in dealing of Diesel – vehicles, had to face many logistic challenges. By the second semester of 2007, an increase in the maritime freights for merchandise coming from Asia caused the raise of the transportation costs of cars by vessels. Added to this, the supply of vessels did not lift up and the few spaces that were available have been already sold. The Buenaventura’s port situation was not helping either, with an over demand of its installations, the unpacking and loading costs were elevated, and merchandise designated to duty-free zones were first attended. As a response, SsangYong developed three possible alternatives. This case studies each of these possibilities from the perspective of logistic for international business; it is based in a real situation so it allows the interpretation of the fluctuating global market and its relations with Colombia.
MULTILOCALIZACIÓN: UNA ESTRATEGIA PARA COMPETIR GLOBALMENTE
Authors: Sinisterra Rodríguez Mónica María
Published: August 2013

This article, through an analytical bibliographical review, aims to show the relevance of the hypothesis that outlines multilocation as one of the best managerial strategies to compete globally, especially when the firms enclose competitive advantages and they are capable to identify and to take advantage of the comparative advantages of the regions. The main implication of this hypothesis is that it claims a bigger attention over the new necessities of managerial abilities with the purpose of tying the rupture of the chain value that the commercial integration generates.
MAPA CONCEPTUAL PARA EL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROBLEMAS
Authors: Gorbaneff Yuri , Cancino Alejandra
Published: August 2013

The document presents the main results of the experiment about the use of concept maps in the context of the problem - based learning (PBL). The experiment was realized in the Javeriana University (Bogotá, Colombia) with two groups of management undergraduate students. We found that the concept map improved the learning, but does not affect the students’ perception of the PBL method. It is recommended to include concept maps in PBL exercises.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. LA INVERSIÓN EN ACTIVOS FIJOS REALES PRODUCTIVOS: INCENTIVOS Y OBSTÁCULOS TRIBUTARIOS
Authors: López Avila César Omar , Aguilera Martínez Alonso Javier , Collazos Gómez Constanza E. , Gómez Gómez Elizabeth , Rizo Pizarro Gloria Liliana
Published: August 2013

Entrepreneurial investments oriented to the improvement of processes and cost reductions, on occasion cause difficulties in accounting interpretation regarding tax laws. This case describes the situation faced by Sugar S.A. after using a special tax deduction equivalent of 40% of its investments in order to reduce its income taxes. The Tax Administration rejected this tax deduction and informed the company of a possible sanction. The case stimulates the reader to find a solution that must be carried out by the company’s management to minimize costs and risks.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. MÁS QUE TÁCTICAS PARA SOBREVIVIR
Authors: Arboleda Arango Ana María , Rodriguez Claudia Viviana , Valencia Juan Pablo
Published: August 2013

HOP is a company leader in office provisions competing for its profitability. HOP faces the problem of having a great variety of commercial events directed to clients from different channels and retail environments. HOP is constantly implementing new tactics for the client, aiming to be noticed (if such is possible) at the point of purchase. Nevertheless, the diversity of activities designed for the clients are affecting its profitability, but this behavior is supported by the commercial department as the only way to compete. In addition, the various retail activities are not favoring but limiting the achievement of sales objectives. Given this frame, the set of questions that the case offers, takes the student to think beyond the tactics HOP is using, in a long term retail strategy considering a three-year plan and a proposal for measuring and tracking the firm’s performance.