bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bivalve mollusks (mollusca, bivalvia) indicators of different types of reservoir bodies and watermarks of the rivers basin of Uzbekistan
Authors: Izzatullaev Z. , Boymurodov Kh.T. , Olimova D.A. , Izzatullaev Kh.Z.
Published: July 2024

As a result of studying different types of reservoirs and watercourses of rivers in Uzbekistan, the species composition of indicator bivalve mollusks was established, belonging to 24 species, 3 subspecies, 11 genera and 5 families. 10 species and 3 subspecies of them are large, the rest 14 are small bivalves. All of them are good water biofilters. The majority of biofilters inhabit reservoirs and canals (11 species), but in the latter there are more α – mesasaprobic mollusks and they are more polluted, and the anthropogenic influence is clearly manifested here. In terms of water pollution, the rivers are classified as moderately polluted classes III – IV; differences in the composition of saprobic species in the middle and lower reaches of rivers have been identified. In general, the water bodies of Uzbekistan are clean and there are no polysaprobic mollusks here.
Changes in the Effect of Tree Stand Competition on the Pinus sibirica Undergrowth during Postfire Successions in Mid-Taiga Birch Forests of the Urals
Authors: Tantsyrev Nikolai , Andreev George , Petrova Irina , Ivanova Natalya
Published: July 2024

The effect of light and root competition of the tree stand on the growth of the Pinus sibirica Du Tour undergrowth in post-fire birch forests of different ages is investigated using the example of mid-taiga forests of the Middle Urals. The studies were carried out on the basis of a microecosystem approach, using indices of light competition of the tree stand (Ilsc), root competition of the tree stand (Irsc) and integral competition of the tree stand (Irlsc). At the stage of the 13-year-old young birch stand with almost full illumination, the main factor determining the growth and development of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is root competition for soil nutrition. In the 32-year-old middle-aged birch stand, a joint, almost identical, effect of the factors of light and root competition on the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth is observed. In the mature 70-yearold birch stand, the main factor, influencing the growth of Pinus sibirica undergrowth, is the level of interception of photosynthetically active radiation by its canopy (light competition) with root competition is not expressed. In our opinion, this is due to the adaptive abilities and characteristics of the soil nutrition of the Pinus sibirica undergrowth and a change in the degree of soil saturation with organic compounds during the development of the post-fire birch forest.
Treatment of wastewater from textile factories using modified bentonite
Authors: Atamanova O.V. , Tikhomirova E.I. , Abramova A.S. , Simonova Z.A. , Koshelev A.V. , Anshakova E.A.
Published: July 2024

The modern textile industry uses large quantities of water and produces significant volumes of wastewater at various stages of production. This especially applies to the dyeing stages and fabrics processing. In the wastewater of the OJSC “S.M. Kirov Spinning and Thread Combine” significant excesses were revealed in almost all studied indicators, except for calcium and nitrites. The excess of Cu2+ copper ions reaches 800 times. Laboratory studies of the effectiveness of sorption materials with respect to Cu2+ ions were carried out using model solutions of CuSO4∙5H2O. Research has made it possible to establish bentonite, granulated, calcined at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized, as the most effective adsorbent. A comparative analysis of models of adsorption of Cu2+ ions on hydrophobized bentonite showed compliance of the adsorption process by to the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.978). A technological scheme of a local water purification station for a textile enterprise has been proposed, including a two-component adsorption filter loaded with bentonite, granulated, calcined at a temperature of 550 °C and hydrophobized.
Capture CO2 from flue gases during the cultivation of cyanobacteria/microalgae Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Chernova Nadezhda , Kiseleva Sophia , Vlaskin Mikhail , Grigorenko Anatoliy , Chunzhuk Elizaveta
Published: July 2024

Experimental studies and assessment of the state of cyanobacteria/microalgae Arthrospira platensis in a sustainable consortium with heterotrophic bacteria were carried out grown by bubbling culture medium with microalgae by a mixture of flue gases and air. The investigations were carried out in an experimental sample of a gas chamber with photobioreactors, which was supplemented by a designed flue gas generation system. The CO2 content in the gas mixture was 3, 6, and 8%. The resulting growth rate of microalgae biomass density was 0.21 g/l per day at CO2 concentrations of 3 and 6%, 0.27 g/l per day at 8%. The present growth rate was 1.75 – 2.25 times higher than the growth rate in experiments conducted when growing this microalga in mixtures of air and CO2. An increase in the amount of carbohydrates in biomass to 29.4% and the lipid content at the level of 21 – 23% was recorded, which makes biomass attractive for biofuel production.
Environmental aspects of the application of mineral fertilizers
Authors: Sukiasyan Astghik , Jhangiryan Tatevik , Ledashcheva Tatiana , Hunanyan Surik , Kirakosyan Armen
Published: July 2024

To increase crop production, it is practically important to study the influence of micro fertilizers in the context of organic fertilizers (compost). The effect of micro fertilizers on the yield, quality, and chemical composition of the fruit of the pepper variety was studied in a compost-based cropping trial. It was found that the combined use of organic and micro fertilizer increased pepper yield by 6.67-19.37%. The sugar content in the optimum varieties increased by 1.07-1.31 times, vitamin C by 1.01-1.14 times, ash by 1.02-1.17 times, and cellulose by 1.06-1.44 times compared to the background. The influence of different concentrations of trace element salts on the chemical composition of pepper fruits was also studied. The concentration and chemical properties of micro fertilizing salt solutions were found to influence both the content and accumulation of TE in pepper fruits.
Investigation of transformer oil aging using no-core optical fiber (NCF) sensor
Authors: Zaidi Nurul Farah Adilla , Saris Nur Najahatul Huda , Mohd Noor Muhammad Yusof , Ambran Sumiaty , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Ibrahim Mohd Haniff
Published: July 2024

Transformer oil plays a crucial role in insulation and cooling within high-voltage transformers, but it degrades over time. This research proposes a durable sensor capable of detecting the refractive index (RI) of transformer oil when it exceeds the RI of the sensor structure, known as high refractive index (HRI) sensing. The study utilizes a no-core optical fiber (NCF) to monitor the quality of transformer oil. In this setup, single mode fiber (SMF) is employed as both the input and output of the NCF, forming an SMF-NCF-SMF (SNS) sensor. To date, to the use of an NCF in the SMF-NCF-SMF scheme has not been reported for high RI fiber sensing and transformer oil degradation detection. Additionally, this study provides an analysis of the influence of different diameters and lengths of NCF on the sensor’s sensitivity. The HRI sensing performance of the sensor was evaluated both numerically and experimentally by observing power spectrum changes due to leaky modes interference in response to varying transformer oil RI values from 1.4600 RIU to 1.5500 RIU. The NCF, with a geometry of 1 cm in length and 100 μm in diameter, demonstrated remarkable sensitivity, achieving up to 88.285 dBm/RIU for HRI values within the specified range. The sensor effectively discerned various aging levels of transformer oil in power transformer applications. Additionally, since the NCF structure is entirely composed of silica-based materials, it exhibited significant temperature resistance. These characteristics make the SNS structure well-suited for reliable deployment in challenging thermal environments.
Light elements adsorption modulates the electronic structure of h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons
Authors: Yin Maoye , Fan Dong , Tan Xiangyang , Wang Zhihao , Li Hengshuai , Hu Haiquan , Nie Zhaogang , Guo Feng , Feng Zhenbao , Li Jun , Zhang Dong , Zhu Minghui , Wang Keyuan , Wang Fei
Published: July 2024

The electronic properties of h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons were calculated using the first principles method. Three states of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and paramagnetic coupling were set. The energy of the ferromagnetic coupling state was found to be the lowest, indicating that the final stable state was the ferromagnetic coupling state. The thermodynamic stability was also verified in the ferromagnetic coupling state. The h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons itself is magnetic with a magnetic moment of 2

μ

B

and is a direct narrow band gap semiconductor material. In order to change the electronic properties, six different atoms (B, C, N, Al, Si, P) were adsorbed in the h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbon, and their band structure and charge density were studied. The results show that the adsorption of different atoms in h-BC2N/g-C6N6 nanoribbons will produce different results. Among them, the adsorption of N and P atoms changes its properties from a semiconductor to a half-metal, which can generate a 100% polarized current in the Fermi surface. This provides more development directions for spintronics devices.
Study of dielectric properties of polymer/air plasma treated graphene oxide nanocomposites for electronic applications
Authors: Humbe Shankar S , Jadhav Pratibha S , Joshi Girish M , Deshmukh R R
Published: July 2024

In the present study we emphasized on the dielectric properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) filled with untreated and plasma-treated graphene oxide (GO). The chemical fingerprints of EVA/GO were analysed using FTIR. Decreased ID/IG ratio from 2.99 to 2.75 and 1.60 to 1.16 due to exposed plasma was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) disclosed the decreased degree of crystallinity. Electric properties were measured by impedance analyser, dielectric constant was increased upto 11% for untreated GO dispersion and 47% for Air treated Plasma GO dispersed EVA composites. Plasma treatment further improved the exfoliated sites of GO and induced the defects, leading to optimized dielectric properties. Improved dielectric properties of EVA/GO can provide valuable insights into the potential applications in the field of electrical connectors, film capacitors, and pseudo capacitors.
Critical speeding-up in dynamical percolation
Authors: Elçi Eren Metin , Garoni Timothy M
Published: July 2024

We study the autocorrelation time of the size of the cluster at the origin in discrete-time dynamical percolation. We focus on binary trees and high-dimensional tori, and show in both cases that this autocorrelation time is linear in the volume in the subcritical regime, but strictly sublinear in the volume at criticality. This establishes rigorously that the cluster size at the origin in these models exhibits critical speeding-up. The proofs involve controlling relevant Fourier coefficients. In the case of binary trees, these Fourier coefficients are studied explicitly, while for high-dimensional tori we employ a randomised algorithm argument introduced by Schramm and Steif in the context of noise sensitivity.
The Identification Of Geological Disaster Based On Stratigraphic And Granulometric Data Of Burial Deposit At Majapahit Sites In The Trowulan Area, Mojokerto, East Java
Authors: Putra B W P , Barianto D H , Setianto A
Published: July 2024

The abundance of archaeological findings found in damaged and buried conditions in the Trowulan area raises suspicions about the role of geological disasters in the downfall of the Majapahit civilization in the city of Trowulan in the past. This study aims to identify the types and processes of past geological disasters in the Trowulan area based on literature study, stratigraphic data, and granulometry of burial materials at Kumitir Site, Kedaton Site, and Minakjinggo Site. Based on the stratigraphy and granulometry of disaster sediments, there are two types of past geological disasters that struck the Trowulan area, namely earthquake-liquefaction and flash floods. Earthquake-liquefaction disasters are characterized by layers with grain-supported and the presence of collapsed and contorted building structures. On the other hand, flash flood disasters are identified based on layers with matrix-supported compacted material, channeling and fragment imbrication structures, poorly sorting, and subangular-subrounded grain shapes. Based on stratigraphic facies and written records, the disasters that struck Trowulan are identified to have occurred in two periods. The first period includes the Palindu earthquake and Guntur Banyu Pindah flash flood in 1334 AD, while the second period includes the Palindu earthquake in 1450 AD and the Guntur Pawatugunung flash flood in 1481 AD.
Dimensionality and Geoelectric Strike Analysis of 2D Magnetotelluric Modeling in Geothermal Area “XYZ”
Authors: Lestari S F , Lestari W , Fajar M H M , Zarkasyi A , Siagian R R
Published: July 2024

Magnetotelluric (MT) method is crucial in geothermal exploration due to its capability to delineate geothermal prospect area by mapping subsurface resistivity distribution. However, in 2D Magnetotelluric modelling, galvanic distortion can distort the regional MT responses, leading to interpretation errors. This study employs phase tensor analysis to eliminate galvanic distortion. Results reveal the dimensionality of each station and three variations of the tipper strike, often referred to as the geoelectric strike. The tipper strike of each station showed varying values, while the tipper strike of all stations indicated N35°E. The tipper strike results required validation against additional geological information, such as faults, fractures, and changes in lithology, significantly influence the conductivity structure of subsurface, which indicated a geological strike of approximately N30°E. This study compares the MT data without rotation, rotation to tipper strike of each station, and tipper strike of all stations to assess effectiveness in eliminating galvanic distortion and improving data quality. The resulting 2D Magnetotelluric cross-section rotated to the tipper strike of all station, exhibits the lowest RMS Error of 2% and roughness of 654.6 among other variations, indicating improve quality. This interpretation identifies a geothermal system in the study area, closely aligning with actual subsurface geological conditions.
The Priority Areas for Groundwater Utilization in Fractured Rock Formation, Pangandaran Regency
Authors: Addina A I , Hendrayana H , Yugamaris G
Published: July 2024

Pangandaran Regency is one of the best tourist destinations in West Java; many tourist attractions and regional developments to facilitate visiting tourists increase the need for water. However, in some areas of Pangandaran Regency, it is included in the rare groundwater zone according to its aquifer productivity, especially in the fracture rock formation, so it is necessary to conduct research related to the presence of groundwater in the area. This study aims to determine priority areas for the development of groundwater utilization in fractured rock formations located in the Pangandaran Regency. The fracture rock formations in Pangandaran Regency are located from the northwest to the southeast; on the regional geological map, the formation’s name is the Jampang Formation. This study used the Groundwater Potential Index (GPI) method to determine groundwater potential and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine water utilization area levels. The parameters used are fracture (F), lithology (L), drainage (D), topography (T), rainfall (R), water usage, land use, and population distribution. This research shows that areas with rare groundwater zones still have groundwater potential that can be developed to meet water needs. There are five priority area classifications: very high is 19 km2, high is 17.92 km2, medium is 67.90 km2, low is 70.99 km2, and very low is 162.40 km2.
The Influence of Land Use and Slope Variation to Soil Infiltration Rate on Semarang City, Indonesia
Authors: Aufar Kharis Hatfan , Septio Ghenady , Firmansyah Wahyu , Budianta Wawan
Published: July 2024

From 2018 to 2022, there have been 3 floods in Gunungpati District. One factor that influences flood in this area is the infiltration rate. Many factors influence infiltration rates, two of them being land use and slope. This study aimed to determine the distribution of land use and slope gradient in Gunungpati District using GIS-based spatial analysis. The results show that land use in the research area is divided into 5 classes: primary and secondary dry land forests; plantations; shrubs and grasslands; dryland farming; and settlements, paddy fields, bodies of water, and open land. Land use is dominated by settlements, paddy fields, bodies of water, and open land (33.7% of the total area). The slopes in the study area are divided into 5 classes: flat (<8%), gentle (8—15%), wavy (15—25%), steep (25—40%), and very steep (>40%). The wavy class dominates the slopes (29.3% of the total area). Based on these results, a moderate infiltration rate dominates the infiltration rate in the study area.
Geoarchaeology, preliminary study of relationship analysis between geological conditions and the Megalithic sites in the candidate of Ternate Geopark, North Maluku
Authors: Ansori C , Iriyanto N , Hastria D , Taniardi P N , Arif A K D
Published: July 2024

Geopark is a concept of sustainable development with three main components: geological diversity, cultural diversity, and biodiversity, with the ultimate goal of protecting the Earth’s diversity, environmental preservation, and broader earth science education. Geological and cultural diversity in a geopark concept does not stand alone, but there is a relationship. Ternate Island is a volcanic island with Gamalama Mts as a Quaternary Volcano. The area around the volcano is comfortable because there is sufficient water despite the eruption disaster. Megalithic artefacts such as menhirs and pseudo dolmens are cultural products closely tied to the significant stone tradition. Megalithic remains on Ternate Island are represented by the presence of Jere, a local term to refer to the sacred places usually represented by menhirs and whole boulders in 56 locations. The regent government plans to develop it as an island geopark. Before being proposed, a study of geological, biological, and cultural diversity must be carried out to propose establishing a geoheritage and preparing a Geopark proposal document. This initial research uses the overlay method to identify geological conditions, determine the distribution of megalithic artefacts, and analyze their relationships.
The distribution of vesicular structures in Sukadana Basalt, East Lampung, Indonesia, and its significance for the geological structure interpretation
Authors: Siringoringo L P , Sapiie B , Rudyawan A , Sucipta I G B E
Published: July 2024

The characteristics of the geological structures controlling the presence of Sukadana basalt on the Earth’s surface are still an enigma. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the probable types of geological structures and their orientations that could control the occurrence of Sukadana Basalt lava on the Earth’s surface. To seek answers to this problem, this study utilized vesicular structure data from Sukadana Basalt based on 13 rock samples from 13 observation points. We measured the diameter of the vesicular and the sum of the megascopic vesicular per cm2 for every sample. We used a scale of 1-5, where 1-2 indicated as small-low intensity vesicular, 3 indicated as medium-middle intensity vesicular, and 4-5 indicated as large-high intensity vesicular. it was found that there are three groups of vesicular that were developed in Sukadana Basalts: small-low, medium-middle, and large-high groups. This study gives information that there are three fracturures including two normal faults at the northern and southern parts of Sukadana Basalt and one fisurre in the middle of Sukadana basalt. The normal fault at the southern part of Sukadana Basalt has the widest fault core spacing and the fissure at the middle of Sukadana Basalt has the narrowest fissure core spacing. All groups show northwest-southeast striking fractures. This study will provide a new point of view that in interpreting subsurface geological structures can use primary structure characteristics data, especially vesicular structures.
Geological Mapping of Kaso, Tambaksari, Ciamis, West Java Province Using Lidar Images Interpretation
Authors: Abhista A , Setianto A
Published: July 2024

Remote sensing nowadays is used to quickly and effectively obtain information about an object, area or phenomenon and can be applied to large areas that are sometimes difficult to reach. Satellites with multispectral imagery are commonly used in geological mapping, but have drawbacks when used in tropical areas such as Indonesia, with dense vegetation, fast sedimentation rates and highly weathered that will cover fresh rocks making it difficult to interpret geological condition through aerial photo. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) images using laser beams to produce elevation data (x,y,z) with high spatial resolution and can penetrate the surface of vegetation are expected to be a solution in areas with dense vegetation that are sometimes difficult to reach. The study was conducted by interpreting the morphometric aspects using Digital Terrain Model (DTM) data processed from LiDAR imagery with a spatial resolution of 1 m/pixel to display the topographical surface in detail. The morphometric aspects used include slope, surface roughness, aspect, hillshade, and stream pattern. Field data validation through surface mapping is carried out to correct the lithology interpretation by comparing the results of LiDAR image interpretation. Field data validation results show that interpretation using LiDAR imagery has good results (79%) through overall accuracy percentage, with the lithology units being sandstones, siltstone, breccias, and andesitic igneous rocks. The lineament interpretation of the DTM data indicates the existence of a geological structure in the form of a normal and strike-slip fault in the study area.
Geometry Analysis of Penang Island Faults Based on Satellite Gravity Data
Authors: Pambayun T , Hilyah A , Lestari W , Bery A A
Published: July 2024

The gravity method is commonly used in geophysics for fault mapping. This method provides an overview of the subsurface density distribution. When applied to fault areas, the density gradient contrast can be used to map the fault geometry structure. The research area for this study is Penang Island, Malaysia, which is predominantly composed of granite. The Penang Island granite formation was created during the Triassic period, approximately 209 to 22 million years ago (Kwan and Yap, 1986). It underwent uplift during the Oligocene-Miocene period, exposing the previously buried granite. The second formation is a quaternary sediment that is believed to have formed during the Pleistocene and Holocene (Kamaluddin, 1990). Penang Island has 14 faults scattered throughout, with 5 main faults in the middle (Ong, 1993). The study aimed to determine the fracture geometry using the gravity method. The analysis revealed two main rock types: granite with a density range of 2-2.8 gr/cm3 and quaternary sediment with a density of 1.85-2 gr/cm3. Fault geometry analysis was conducted using the SVD method on four passages in Penang Island to identify fault types. The results showed six normal faults and seven thrust faults. Faults No. 3, 4, 8, 9, 12, and 13 are predicted to be normal faults, while Faults No. 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, and 14 are predicted to be thrust faults. The dominant direction of the fault is North-South. The fault geometry on North Pluton has an average depth of 250 m with an average dip angle of 68°, while the fault on South Pluton has a depth of over 400 m with an average dip angle of 65°.
Microfacies and Paleomire Reconstruction of Coal in the Warukin Formation, Barito Basin, Kandangan Area, South Kalimantan
Authors: Dyva Sekar Larasati Salsa , Anggara Ferian , Hendra Amijaya Donatus , Basuki Rahmat Soleh
Published: July 2024

The Barito Basin is one of the basins in South Kalimantan and serves as a coal-producing region. One of the coal-bearing formations present in the Barito Basin is the Miocene Warukin Formation. The purpose of this research is to understand the characteristics of coal macerals, including the dominance of macerals and their microfacies, as well as the type and development of the mire where coal is deposited. This information is crucial for the coal geological study in the Kandangan region, South Kalimantan. The methods employed include organic petrography analysis, proximate and ultimate analysis on seams L8, L5, L5B, M16, and MS02 collected using the ply-by-ply method.The results of the subbituminous coal petrography examination in this formation show the dominance of vitrinite ranging between 41.34-74.04% vol, liptinite between 11.61-38.24% vol, inertinite between 2.21-32.32% vol, and mineral matter ranging from 0.17-1.98% vol, predominantly composed of pyrite. The ash content data ranges from 1.36-15.45 (% wt, adb). The sulfur content data ranges from 0.1-0.45 (% wt, daf). Based on the distribution of maceral abundance, coal microfacies can be categorized into five groups: (1) gelovitrinite-rich group, (2) telovitrinite-rich group, (3) liptinite-telovitrinite-rich group, (4) inertinite-rich group, and (5) telovitrinite-inertinite-rich group. The lower section is predominantly characterized by the telovitrinite-inertinite-rich group. In the middle section, the inertinite-rich group takes precedence, alternating with the liptinite-telovitrinite-rich group. The upper segment is primarily marked by the gelovitrinite-rich and telovitrinite-rich groups. The developed paleomire includes repetitions of topogenous mire and ombrogenous mire. The paleomire type is a wet forest swamp under limnic and telmatic conditions. The dominant original vegetation consists of woody plants, although shrubby plants are also found in significant amounts. Moderate to high gelification levels indicate that the peat was constantly inundated with water.
Facies of Quaternary Sediments In Bunga Village, North Luwuk District, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Melinda Handayani Ajeng , Indra Novian Mochamad
Published: July 2024

The distribution of Quaternary sedimentary rock deposits in Indonesia is quite extensive, and one of them is in the Quaternary coral reef units, which are evenly distributed along the eastern arm of Sulawesi. The research was conducted in Bunga Village, North Luwuk District, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research was motivated by the lack of geological data, so the topic of developed facies became an interesting topic to be researched. Data was collected from a cliff at the coordinates 0053′57,57.1″N-122054′43′6″E. Stratigraphic measurements aim to determine the facies, depositional environment, and sedimentation mechanisms developed in the study area. The research was conducted using the method of field data collection and laboratory analysis. Collecting field data was carried out with measured stratigraphic with a 1:100 scale and taking several rock samples. Laboratory analysis was carried out in paleontological and petrographic analysis, which was carried out to determine the composition of the constituent rock and fossil identification, especially foraminifera in thin sections of rock that were selected. Based on the study’s results, the total rock layers measured in the study area were 15 m. Facies found in the stratigraphic path of the study area are floatstone facies, rudstone facies, allochemic sandstone facies, polymict conglomerate facies. The type of deposition environment of limestone and allochemic sandstone in the study area is on the foreslope, while the conglomerate facies is included in the fan delta deposition environment. Overall, the sedimentation dynamics in this area are in a high energy environment, indicating that the facies that developed were deposited with a sediment gravity flow mechanism.The results of the analysis of fossils found Cyclammina cancellata sp., Orbulina universa sp., Globigerina bulloides sp., and Trilobatus immaturus sp., which indicates the limestone in the study area was deposited in the Late Pleistocene to early Holocene.
Xenolith petrography for identification of substratum lithology of an active volcano: a case study of Lava Kekep, Sundoro Volcano, Central Java
Authors: Islamey N A B , Wibowo H E , Setiawan N I
Published: July 2024

Sundoro volcano is an active Quaternary stratovolcano in Central Java, located approximately 50 km west of the Merapi volcano. It is attributed to parasitic cones producing basaltic lava flow. We present our findings of sedimentary and igneous xenoliths embedded in the basaltic lava of the Kekep parasitic cone. Xenolith is one of the key materials to help identify various lithologies composing the substratum of a volcano. Twelve thin sections were analysed through detailed petrographic observation. We identified variations of xenolith lithology consisting of sedimentary rock, particularly siltstone, and igneous rocks such as dunite, pyroxenite and lherzolite. Detailed accounts of substratum lithologies comprises of (a) siltstone composed of >0.125-0.5 mm size plagioclase crystals and silicic fine-grained matrix, (b) pyroxenite consists of massive interlocking 1-5 mm size clinopyroxene and few <1 – 1 mm orthopyroxene, (c) dunite consists of 1 - 2 mm phenocryst of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine, embedded in a minor groundmass of plagioclase and pyroxene, (d) lherzolite consists of massive interlocking olivine crystals 1-5 mm in size. The analysis results identify gradual or groundmass and sharp contact between basaltic host rock and xenoliths (pyroxenite, lherzolite, dunite and siltstone). Other characteristics of the twelve samples includes (a) <1 mm minerals fragments embedded in silt to clay-grained lithic sandstone, (b) siltstone showing chilled-baked margin in hand sample specimen, (c) identified disequilibrium textures in basaltic lava, and contact between xenolith and host rock. Substratum lithology along the Java arc is likely composed of Tertiary sedimentary rock in the upper part, transitions of granitoid – gabbroic diorite crustal material in the lower part, with ultramafic crustal material under Sundoro.
Life / Afterlife
Authors: Lye Suzanne
Published: July 2024

Life / Afterlife:  Revolution and Reflection in the Ancient Greek Underworld from Homer to Lucian explores the mechanics, function, and impact of ancient Greek Underworld scenes, a unique and ancient form of embedded storytelling appearing across time and genres. This book approaches Underworld scenes as a special register of language that acts as a narrative space outside of chronological time to reflect on important themes and issues in a frame narrative. This book argues that Underworld scenes use hypertextual poetics to embed authorial commentary by creating networks of texts that act as para-narratives, which provide additional information to engage audiences in the interpretative process of a given work. Life / Afterlife traces the development, evolution, and application of Underworld scenes through the works of such authors as Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Plato, Vergil, and Lucian to show how each used afterlife depictions featuring mythic and historical figures as commentaries to communicate a call to action for their audiences in response to cultural, religious, and political changes in their worlds. Using the network of Underworld scenes, authors could reinforce and challenge traditional religious and cultural beliefs and practices by presenting the long-term, cosmic effect of actions in life on an individual’s postdeath experience beyond the grave. From ancient to modern times, Underworld scenes have helped authors and audiences define the essential qualities of a “good life” for different social, political, and religious groups and their societies.
Frances Power Cobbe, Female Genius, and the Hierarchy of the Arts
Authors: Stone Alison
Published: July 2024

This chapter looks at Frances Power Cobbe’s writings on philosophy of art from the early 1860s. Cobbe defended female genius. Understanding genius as the creative power to originate ideas and embody them in material form, she argued that women artists had this creative power no less than men. Cobbe wrote against the background of extensive debate about female genius, with many female artists and writers extolled as geniuses. There was debate about genius and race as well, shown by the case of the sculptor Edmonia Lewis. Cobbe also gave a hierarchical ranking of the arts. She divided art into primary creative art, secondary reproductive art, and tertiary receptive art. She then ranked the five art-forms of poetry, music, architecture, sculpture, and painting from most spiritual (poetry) down to most material (painting). Finally, Cobbe attempted to find a middle way between aesthetic moralism and ‘art for art’s sake’.
Emilia Dilke’s Journey from Art Philosophy to Art History
Authors: Stone Alison
Published: July 2024

This chapter is on Emilia Dilke’s writings on philosophy of art. In the 1860s, Dilke thought that artworks inescapably express their social and historical circumstances and that art is better as art the more it distils its time. Dilke also believed that in the modern world art had separated inevitably from morality and religion. She therefore supported aestheticism, arguing that art should be made for beauty’s sake and not subordinated to moral purposes. In the 1870s, she made a new distinction between several uses, or kinds of value, that artworks can have. The best artworks have properly aesthetic value and transcend history, but most artworks have only historical value as expressions of their eras and these artworks must be studied art-historically, not philosophically. Overall, Dilke made a cogent case for aestheticism several years before Walter Pater, negotiating between aestheticism and historicism in a unique way.
Understanding reality and presence in dreams through imagery
Authors: Ferretti Gabriele
Published: July 2024

It is generally said that dreams are experienced as real. But the notion of reality is often used, in the philosophical literature, along with that of presence. A big problem, in this respect, is that both these terms may assume different meanings. So understanding the nature of presence and reality in dreams depends on the way we conceive these two notions. This paper contributes to the literature on dreaming by describing the experience of presence and reality in dreams in a very specific sense. I consider the experience of presence as related to the experience of possibility of motoric interaction, and the experience of reality as related to the experience of mind-independence. Then, endorsing that dream experiences are different from perception, and similar to imagery, I suggest that the dreamer can experience reality but not presence, with three lines of argument, concerning visual determinacy, stereopsis and peripersonal localization.
Supplementary sugars enhance the production efficiency and parasitism performance of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Xu Haoyang , Li Yisong , Fang Haibo , Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Songdou , Chen Qiuming , Li Zhen
Published: July 2024

Trichogramma spp. wasps are egg parasitoids with a long history of mass rearing for augmentation biocontrol programs in field crop and orchard landscapes. Supplementary nutrition can improve the longevity, fecundity, and biocontrol efficacy of parasitoids. To improve the production efficiency and parasitism performance of Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), the present study screened and examined the potential supplementary nutrients for this biological control agent. Dietary supplementation with a 10% sucrose solution significantly increased wasp longevity and parasitism potential of T. dendrolimi on host eggs, but provision of pollen did not provide additional benefits. Laboratory and greenhouse cage tests demonstrated that wasp access to soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) honeydew, comprised primarily of melezitose and trehalose, improved T. dendrolimi longevity and parasitism. In conclusion, provision of a 10% sucrose solution to adult wasps will enhance the mass-rearing efficiency of T. dendrolimi; furthermore, field release of T. dendrolimi by plant vectors bearing honeydew-producing aphids holds promise for improving the biocontrol efficacy of T. dendrolimi.
Wolbachia pipientis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) mediated effects on the fitness and performance of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under variable temperatures and initial larval densities
Authors: Duran-Ahumada Sebastian , Karrer Luiza , Cheng Chun , Roeske Isabella , Pilchik Josie , Jimenez-Vallejo David , Smith Emily , Roy Kristina , Kirstein Oscar D , Martin-Park Abdiel , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Che-Mendoza Azael , Gonzalez-Olvera Gabriela , Puerta-Guardo Henry N , Uribe-Soto Sandra I , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo
Published: July 2024

Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig, 1936), also referred as Wolbachia, is a bacterium present across insect taxa, certain strains of which have been demonstrated to impact the fitness and capacity to transmit viruses in mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762). Most studies examine these impacts in limited sets of environmental regimes. Here we seek to understand the impacts of environmentally relevant conditions such as larval density, temperature, and their interaction on wAlbB-infected A. aegypti. Using a factorial design, we measured wAlbB stability (relative density, post-emergence in females, and in progeny), the ability for wAlbB to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility, and bacterial effects on mosquito fitness (fecundity, fertility, and body mass) and performance (adult survival and time to pupation) across 2 temperature regimes (fluctuating and constant) and 2 initial larval densities (low and high). Fluctuating daily regimes of temperature (27 to 40 °C) led to decreased post-emergence wAlbB density and increased wAlbB density in eggs compared to constant temperature (27 °C). An increased fecundity was found in wAlbB-carrying females reared at fluctuating temperatures compared to uninfected wild-type females. wAlbB-carrying adult females showed significantly increased survival than wild-type females. Contrarily, wAlbB-carrying adult males exhibited a significantly lower survival than wild-type males. We found differential effects of assessed treatments (Wolbachia infection status, temperature, and larval density) across mosquito sexes and life stages. Taken together, our results indicate that realistic conditions may not impact dramatically the stability of wAlbB infection in A. aegypti. Nonetheless, understanding the ecological consequence of A. aegypti-wAlbB interaction is complex due to life history tradeoffs under conditions faced by natural populations.
Primary spinal cord gliomas: Pathologic features associated with prognosis
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Natsumeda Manabu , Ohashi Masayuki , Saito Rie , Higa Nayuta , Akahane Toshiaki , Hashidate Hideki , Ito Junko , Fujii Satoshi , Sasaki Atsushi , Tanimoto Akihide , Hanaya Ryosuke , Watanabe Kei , Oishi Makoto , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Kakita Akiyoshi
Published: July 2024

Primary spinal cord gliomas are rare and are associated with high mortality. Unlike brain tumors, the clinicopathological features of spinal cord gliomas are not well defined. We analyzed clinical, histopathology, and immunohistochemical features and overall survival (OS) of 25 patients with primary spinal cord gliomas treated between 1994 and 2023 at 4 institutions. IDH1 R132H, H3K27M, and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Four (16%), 5 (20%), 2 (8%), and 13 (52%) patients were diagnosed as having grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification, respectively. One case (4%), with a circumscribed diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered, had a rare molecular profile and could not be graded. IHC demonstrated H3K27M positivity, indicative of H3F3A K27M or HIST1H3B K27M mutation, in 9 (36%) patients. H3K27me3-loss was evident in 13 (52%) patients. In one patient with a grade 1 tumor that showed negative staining for H3K27M and H3K27me3 loss, numbers of EZHIP-positive cells were increased, suggesting diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered (WHO grade 4). H3K27me3 loss, frequency of p53 positive cells (≥10%), MIB-1 index (≥10%), and high histopathological grades significantly correlated with poor OS. These results indicate the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of primary spinal cord gliomas that impact prognosis.
7Feminist Theory
Authors: Clare Stephanie
Published: July 2024

As an overview to this year’s works in feminist theory, this chapter focuses on the use of personal narrative in feminist writing published in 2023. Overall, I contend that five overlapping motivations give way to contemporary feminist autotheory: first, a sustained interest in addressing the structures of feelings or affects that subtend and give shape to everyday life; next, an exhaustion with and suspicion of both empiricism and poststructuralism; still more, an interest in using writing and scholarship to promote healing or practice care; in addition, an insistence on complexity and particularity and the refusal of generalization; and, finally, a reparative turn towards mothers, especially Black and Brown mothers. The review begins by briefly contextualizing the works in relation to autotheory. The remainder is divided into three sections: 1. Affect, the Everyday, and the Black and Brown Maternal, which considers Moon Charania’s Archive of Tongues and Christina Sharpe’s Ordinary Notes; 2. Beyond Positivistic Empiricism, which turns to Carol Ulises Decena’s Circuits of the Sacred and Ed Cohen’s On Learning to Heal; 3. Attending to Pain and Loss, which reflects on Ayu Saraswati’s Scarred and Megan Sweeney’s Mendings. It ends with a brief conclusion considering autotheory in the university classroom.
Multilevel Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematomas in a Recreational Weight Lifter
Authors: Sung Wonjae
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a nontraumatic condition that potentially compresses the spinal cord by accumulating blood in the epidural space. We report a case of multilevel SSEH in a 27-year-old male recreational weight lifter, presenting with acute lower back pain and bilateral leg weakness after deadlifts. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed subacute epidural hematomas with distinct signal intensities. The hematomas spanned multiple thoracic and lumbar levels without any predisposing medical conditions. Conservative management, including strict bed rest and pain management, led to marked improvement, with follow-up MRI indicating reduced hematoma size and expanded dural sac dimension. This case highlights the rare possibility of long-extending SSEH from weight lifting in individuals without risk factors and underscores the effectiveness of conservative treatment for multilevel spinal epidural hematomas.
Discovery of deep-sea acoels from a chemosynthesis-based ecosystem
Authors: Hookabe Natsumi , Jimi Naoto , Furushima Yasuo , Fujiwara Yoshihiro
Published: July 2024

Chemosynthesis-based ecosystems such as hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seeps harbour various endemic species, each uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions. While some species rely on obligatory relationships with bacterial symbionts for nutrient uptake, scavengers and predators also play important roles in food web dynamics in these ecosystems. Acoels, members of the phylum Xenacoelomorpha, are simple, worm-like invertebrates found in marine environments worldwide but are scarcely understood taxa. This study presents a novel genus and species of acoel from a deep-sea hydrocarbon seep off Hatsushima, Japan,
Hoftherma hatsushimaensis
gen. et sp. nov. Our multi-locus phylogenetic analysis revealed that the acoels are nested within Hofsteniidae, a family previously known exclusively from shallow waters. This finding suggests that at least two independent colonization events occurred in the chemosynthesis-based environments from the phylum Xenoacoelomorpha, represented by hofsteniid acoels and
Xenoturbella
. Previous reports of hofsteniid species from low-oxygen and sulfide-rich environments, including intertidal habitats with decomposing leaves, in addition to
H. hatsushimaensis
gen. et sp. nov. from a deep-sea hydrocarbon seep, imply a common ancestral adaptation to sulfide-rich ecosystems within Hofsteniidae. Moreover, the sister relationship between solenofilomorphid acoels predominating in sulfide-rich habitats indicates common ancestral adaptation to sulfide-rich ecosystems between these two families.
Anthropogenic, environmental and temporal associations with vertebrate road mortality in a wildland–urban interface of a biodiverse desert ecoregion
Authors: Blais Brian R. , Shaw Corey J. , Brocka Colin W. , Johnson Samantha L. , Lauger Kayla K.
Published: July 2024

Road mortality adversely affects wildlife populations. As urbanization and infrastructure densities expand, transportation and wildlife management aim to mitigate wildlife–vehicle conflicts while conserving biodiversity. Roadways in aridland ecosystems can invariably and adversely impact wildlife differently from temperate and other biomes, yet these rapidly urbanizing regions are understudied as are urban–rural gradients. We conducted road-cruise surveys (
n
= 204; 2018–2023) to assess anthropogenic, environmental, and temporal factors associated with vertebrate roadkill across the wildland–urban interface of Arizona’s biodiverse Sonoran Desert ecoregion—already subjected to increased human development and climate change. Of
n
= 2019 vertebrates observed, 28.5% were roadkill. Increasing urbanization levels were associated with reduced vertebrate abundance on roads and increased road-killed endothermic vertebrates. Traffic volume was strongly associated with reduced vertebrate abundance and increased roadkill; additive effects on roadkill began at approximately 20 vehicles. Daily low temperature and/or relative humidity were also associated with roadkill across vertebrate groups. We provide empirical evidence to understand wildlife–roadkill associations across expanding wildland–urban interfaces to inform effective roadkill mitigation and wildlife conservation management strategies in biodiverse aridland regions. We recommend that managers mitigate or avoid development in rural areas that possess high biodiversity, valuable waterways or migration corridors, and populations of vulnerable species.