bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR RISIKO YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN DISMENORE PADA MAHASISWI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL VETERAN JAKARTA
Authors: Afiati Qori Arini , Citrawati Mila , Irmarahayu Agneta , Harjono Yanti
Published: July 2023

Nyeri menstruasi atau yang dikenal dengan dismenore, merupakan kelainan paling umum pada bidang ginekologi yang ditandai dengan nyeri kolik daerah suprapubik. Keparahannya bervariasi dimulai dari 34% hingga 94% yang dapat membuat penderitanya tidak masuk sekolah atau berkegiatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang memengaruhi kejadian dismenore pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Faktor risiko yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah usia menarche, riwayat keluarga, lama menstruasi, stres, dan kualitas tidur. Desain penelitian ini ialah potong lintang menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel memakai stratified random sampling pada 77 responden. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) untuk menilai stres, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) untuk menilai kualitas tidur, dan Working Ability, Location, Intensity, Days of Pain, Dysmenorrhea (WaLIDD) untuk menilai dismenore. Mayoritas responden mengalami dismenore, usia menarche normal, ada riwayat keluarga dismenore, lama menstruasi normal, mengalami stres, dan memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk. Hasil uji Chi Square pada analisis bivariat didapatkan riwayat keluarga (p=0,022), stres (p=0,002), dan kualitas tidur (p=0,001) memiliki korelasi terhadap kejadian dismenore. Variabel usia menarche (p=0,288) dan lama menstruasi (p=1,000) tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap kejadian dismenore. Hasil uji multivariat memberikan hasil yaitu faktor yang berpengaruh paling kuat terhadap kejadian dismenore adalah kualitas tidur (OR=14,444). Kualitas tidur seseorang berhubungan dengan mekanisme peningkatan mediator inflamasi yaitu IL-6 dan TNF α yang berperan dalam nyeri saat menstruasi.

Kata Kunci: dismenore, kualitas tidur, lama menstruasi, riwayat keluarga, stres, usia menarche
Pengaruh Game Edukasi “Secil” terhadap Keterampilan Membaca Permulaan Anak Usia Dini di Taman Kanak-kanak
Authors: Rahmadani Putri , Muryanti Elise
Published: July 2023

Skills of early reading   are very urgent to be stimulated in early ages. The purpose of research is to reveal the "Secil" Educational Game (Small Learning Series) effect on Early Childhood Early Reading Skills in Kindergarten Fadhilah Amal 3 Padang. This research used an approach in quantitative in the shape of a Quasi Experiment. The technique for data collection was in the shape of action test (pre-test and post-test). The technique for sampling was Purposive Sampling, we know as class B1 and class B2, all of which consisted of 10 children. The technique for data analysis was conducted by using statistics with the support of the SPSS 21.0 application for windows. The result given that, there were an increase score of the control class which is at 254 for pre-test and post-test at 315. Meanwhile, the control class average is for pre-test is at 25.4 and post-test at 31.5. Thus, there is an improve in children's early reading skills by using the "Secil" educational game in the experimental group with pre-test score is at about 265 and a post-test at about 443. Overall, the average score for the pre-test is 26.5 and the post-test is 44.3. The result given that, there is an improve of early reading skills in the class for experimental compare to control class. Therefore, the android-based "small" educational game is very effective to increase early children early reading skills.
Analysis of Teachers' Pedagogic and Professional Competence in Utilizing TPACK
Authors: Wafa Muhammad Amiruddin , Sutomo Imam
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the pedagogical and professional competencies of teachers in  utilizing TPACK in science learning, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors of  teacher pedagogical and professional competencies in utilizing TPACK which were carried  out at MIN Krandon and MI Wonorejo, Guntur District, Demak Regency. This type  of research uses descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were class V  teachers. The data were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation.  Data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation and drawing  conclusions. The results of the study show that teachers carry out pedagogic competencies  in science learning, teachers can understand the different characters of students well,  teachers can develop learning materials and educational learning activities, teachers are  able to develop teaching materials through digital technology, and create learning media  IT-based, teachers can use the internet for media needs for their duties as educators and  utilize TPACK, in professional competence, teachers deliver structured material,  determine strategies and learning models that are tailored to students, in utilizing  TPACK teachers are able to operate technology in preparing learning designs, teachers  are able to access the internet to convey science material that is used as a learning media  in class.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa untuk Materi Energi dengan Menggunakan Media “Mention and Get”
Authors: Mujiani Dwi Safitri , Dermawan Deden Dicky
Published: July 2023

Teacher have to determine source of learning correctly so that he or she can manage student  activity and the items of materials to be given better.  Source of  learning is object reference and or materials utilized for the activity of learning such as media printing and electronic, guest teacher, and also physical environment like nature, cultural and social. Relate to the mentioned, on academic year 2022 / 2023 one of the source of learning which is used for Science lesson in al muslim Bekasi is Science book arranged by al muslim Surabaya. There are some constraint faced in study of Science when using this book, for example : the items which many and enough heavily, while number of hours Iesson of Science in al muslim Bekasi only 4 hours in week.  Besides, less available time which enough  for a lesson teacher to draw up materials or appliances to test-drive in verification activity. Finally, in learning and teaching process the result is not maximal. Activity of review (lesson items) usually make bored student, because review only through oral questions. Therefore, designed a media of game " Mention and Get" used as variation of  review activity  in science learning, specially for the items of energi. Its result, by using media of game " Mention and Get" student learn evaluation can increase mount 20 %, from 64 % (first condition) becoming 84 % the result of final tes. Besides,  from student observation also show the make-up of student motivation, from 70 % at first siclus become 90 % at second siclus and 97 % at third ciclus. While teacher performance aspect show " Good” category which increase from 76 % at first ciclus, becoming 84 % at second ciclus and 92 % at third ciclus.  From the result, can be concluded that usage of media of game " Mention and Get" can improve student learn evaluation for the items of Energi, at science Iesson  in class  III Imam  Syafi'i of  al muslim elementary school Bekasi.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Write Around Berbantuan Media Gambar Seri terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Cerita Dongeng
Authors: Solihin Agisni Maulina , Nurmahanani Indah , Iskandar Sofyan
Published: July 2023

The background of this research is the low skill of writing fairy tales by students which is indicated by the difficulty of students in finding and pouring ideas into written form. This study aims to determine: 1) students' fairy tales writing skill before applying the write around learning model assisted by picture series media; 2) students' fairy tales writing skill after applying the write around learning model assisted by picture series media; 3) the effect of the write around learning model assisted by picture series media on students' fairy tales writing skill. The type of research used is pre-experimental research type one group pretest-posttest. The sample of this research was class 4 in one of the elementary schools in Bandung, totaling 13 students. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1) the average value of the pretest results for students' fairy tales writing skill before applying the write around learning model assisted by picture series media was in the sufficient category; 2) the average value of the posttest results of students' fairy tales writing skill after applying the write around learning model assisted by picture series media is in the good category; 3) there is an effect of the write around learning model assisted by picture series media on students' fairy tales writing skill.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Tematik Kelas V SDN 39 Pontianak Kota
Authors: Putri Adelia Kurnia , Halidjah Siti , Salimi Asmayani
Published: July 2023

The implementation of problem-based learning used in this research suitable for V at State Elementary School 39 Pontianak Kota, where students are expected to achieve thematic learning outcomes. This research used quasi-experimental design type non-equivalent Elementary control group design. All fifth grade students from State Elementary School 39 Pontianak Kota participated in the study. Cluster random sampling was used to determine the sample size. The data collection technique were achieved through a written test consisting of multiple choice and then measured using this method. According to the subject analysis, the average of the reference class was 73.30 and the average of the test class was 80.16. The t-test results used for hypothesis testing (polled variance) were tcount = 2.322 with dk (33+31-2 = 62) and ttable = 1.994 with a significant level = 5%, indicating that tcount > ttable, and Ha is accepted. The evidence shows that problem-based learning could increase students' educational outcomes. An ES of 0.62 is an example of an effect that falls into the category of medium effects. As a result, application of the problem-based learning in class V of State Elementary School 39 Pontianak Kota has a positive effect on improving student learning outcomes in thematic learning.
Komparasi Pemahaman Peserta Didik antara Sebelum dengan Sesudah Menerapkan Strategi Guided Note Taking
Authors: Putri Silvi Yonia , Ainol Ainol , Rifa'i Taufiqurrohman
Published: July 2023

In learning activities, teachers can apply various methods, models, and even strategies to support the achievement of goals. However, it should be noted that not all methods, models, and strategies are suitable and positively impact every learning activity. This research is conducted to determine students' understanding before and after implementing the guided note-taking strategy. In this comparative quantitative study, the researcher will compare students' understanding before and after implementing the guided note-taking strategy. The sample used consists of 21 XIth grade students selected through a random sampling technique. The research data was obtained from the students' comprehension test scores, which were evaluated in three periods: before, one week after, and two weeks after the intervention. One-way ANOVA was used as the statistical technique for measurement. Before and after one week of using the guided note-taking strategy, the findings of the research showed that there were variations in students' comprehension. Similarly, between before and after two weeks, and between after one week and after two weeks of implementing the strategy, students' comprehension increased.
Maulid Diba’ sebagai Peningkat Religiusitas Mahasantri Komplek H Pondok Pesantren Krapyak Yayasan Ali Maksum Yogyakarta
Authors: Alfani Ilzam Hubby Dzikrillah
Published: July 2023

Salawat Maulid Diba' is very popular among the community and Islamic boarding schools of the Nahdlatul Ulama family. The culture of reciting the Maulid Diba salawat has been passed down from generation to generation. Mawlid Diba's routine readings are able to influence the body and soul of the readers, including material and immaterial. This paper discusses Mawlid Diba' as an increase in the religiosity of Mahasantri Complex H Krapyak Ali Maksum Islamic Boarding School. Research Using a qualitative approach. The method used is phenomenology. This type of research is field research. The results of the study show that reading Mawlid Diba' activities can increase the religiosity of Mahasantri Complex H. In general, it can get used to positive activities, improve discipline, especially in managing time. Religiously, it can increase faith in Allah and the Messenger, increase love for Allah and the Messenger, emulate the example of the Apostle, strengthen friendship, make people happy, the mind is calm, and the heart is comfortable.
Problematika Implementasi Layanan Pencatatan Pernikahan melalui Aplikasi SIMKAH pada KUA Kabupaten Dharmasraya
Authors: Hendriyanto Hendriyanto , Nofialdi Nofialdi , Yunarti Sri , B.S Iman Asroa
Published: July 2023

The phenomenon of marriage registration that often occurs is related to the non-registration of marriages, marriage registration services which are often ignored and the existence of marriage registration services that are not carried out optimally. This study aims to describe the problems in implementing marriage registration services using SIMKAH at the KUA of Dharmasraya Regency. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach to field research. The research was carried out by going out into the field to conduct interviews with the heads of the KUA in Dharmasraya Regency to obtain data. Other data were obtained by studying the documentation of the marriage archive documents at the KUA. The findings were analyzed using the Spradley technique to analyze the general description of the application and the constraints that occur related to the registration of marriage services with SIMKAH. The findings explain that in general KUA in Dharmasraya District have all used SIMKAH in carrying out marriage administration services. The problems that occur are the lack of expert staff, the internet network is not stable, there are only one server in Indonesia which causes frequent server congestion and errors, as well as conventional ways of managing marriage administration.
Primbon Jawa sebagai Tradisi Penentuan Hari Nikah: Telaah Konsep Maqashid Al-Syariah
Authors: Yanti Alma Depa
Published: July 2023

Primbon is a local wisdom that is still often used in determining auspicious days, this tradition is very inherent in Javanese society in marriage, that is, when before the marriage takes place, calculations based on primbon will be carried out for determining the wedding day to avoid any calamities or other disturbances. The purpose of this study is to examine how Javanese people determine their wedding day using Javanese primbon as a tradition that has been used for a long time, using the maqashid al-shariah perspective approach and what are the maslahah and mafsadah in it. This research is a literature study with a normative juridical approach, in which the determination of the wedding day in Javanese primbon is the object of study. This article uses the maqashid al-shariah perspective as the analytical knife, the focus is on the study of determining the day of marriage in Javanese primbon. The results of this study indicate that the determination of the wedding day as a tradition of the Javanese people using the weton calculation when viewed from the perspective of maqasid al-syariah is not contradictory if it is based on Islamic shari'ah, as long as the pillars and conditions of marriage in the tradition are fulfilled, so that the goal will be achieved from maqashid al-shariah, namely maintaining religion (hifz al-Din), soul (hifz al-Nafs), and offspring (hifz al-Nasl).
Early Adult Psychosocial: Synthesizing Erick Erikson's Theory in Islamic Concepts
Authors: Sufah Faila , Latipah Eva , Izzah Ismatul
Published: July 2023

Human life is likened to a plant that will have developed in the phases of its life, one of which is early adulthood which will experience psychosocial development. This study aims to examine the psychosocial theory of early adulthood synthesizing Erik Erikson’s theory in Islamic concepts. The research method is library research using content analysis. The results showed that in the Islamic concept at this time humans enter the taklifi phase a have sexual maturity, obligations as 'Abdullah, and as caliphs on earth. Psychosocial in early adulthood experienced by humans in Erik Erikson's theory is intimacy versus isolation. Intimacy is a sexual development that leads to sexual relations with the opposite sex. When intimacy is not achieved, he will experience isolation, which is the tendency to avoid social interaction with others. In the Islamic concept, it is explained that in carrying out a relationship to achieve intimacy, humans must build communication with Allah SWT and their partners, understand the family background, habits, and psychology, and increase knowledge about the differences and needs between men and women so that isolation does not occur. Isolation is a disease in a person that can be overcome by increasing dhikr to Allah SWT.
Validasi Pengembangan Modul Ajar Bioteknologi Berbasis Problem Based Learning
Authors: Afifi Zharifa , Syamsurizal Syamsurizal , Helendra Helendra , Anggriyani Ria
Published: July 2023

The Independent Curriculum requires teachers to compile teaching tools consisting of Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objectives Flow (ATP) and teaching modules as a mandatory task of a teacher. The teaching module is a form of learning implementation plan in the Independent Curriculum which is accompanied by student worksheets and teaching materials in it. This research uses a type of development research with a 4D model. The 4D model consists of four stages of Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. Due to time constraints, this study did not carry out the disseminate stage. The subjects of this study consisted of lecturers from the Biology Department, FMIPA UNP, seven Biology teachers. Based on the research data, a problem-based learning biotechnology teaching module is obtained which is very valid with a validation value of 95.59%.
Implementasi Program Baca Tulis Al-Qur'an (BTA) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Baca Al-Qur'an di SMA Negeri 6 Solok Selatan
Authors: Safitri Yuli Yani , Ikhlas Al
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the planning and implementation of the Koran reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Koran. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Informants in this study were school principals, teachers of reading and writing the Koran, and students. with data analysis techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation, while data analysis techniques using data collection namely data reduction, data presentation, and and drawing conclusions and verification. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the planning of the Al-Qur'an reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Qur'an was carried out by determining learning objectives, selecting learning materials, determining the methods used, and conducting learning evaluations. As well as the implementation of the Koran reading and writing program in improving the ability to read the Koran through three stages, namely the first preliminary activity, in this activity the teacher usually prays before learning. The two core activities, in this activity the teacher usually carries out according to the learning steps with the method used. And the third closing activity, in this activity the teacher usually evaluates and reinforces.
Implementasi Metode Talaqqi dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Hafalan Al-Qur’an Siswa MTs Nurul Falah Panompuan Tapanuli Selatan
Authors: Harahap Nurliana Shinta , Siregar Fatahuddin Aziz , Hasibuan Hamdan
Published: July 2023

In learning tahfidzul Qur'an, one of the methods used is the talaqqi method. This method is carried out face to face or directly with teachers and students. So that this method is very suitable to be done in the learning process of tahfidz Al-Qur'an. In this method a student has to deal directly with the teacher, both himself and several students. When someone makes a mistake, the developer immediately fixes and corrects the mistake. memorizing the Qur'an Requires a technique and method that can facilitate these efforts in order to get satisfactory results. This study uses a qualitative approach. The research was conducted by observing the surrounding phenomena and analyzing them using scientific logic. Data analysis used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study show that: 1) Implementation of the implementation of hifzul Qur'an at MTs Nurul Falah students using the talaqqi method, where two students take turns depositing their memorization directly to caregivers, both additional and deresan/muroja'ah, 2) Inhibiting factors and implementation of the talaqqi method in memorizing the Qur'an at the Nurul Falah Panompuan Islamic boarding school, from the inhibiting factors, namely the difficulties of the students in managing time, the students are less consistent. From the supporting factors, namely the existence of adequate facilities and infrastructure, the existence of good quality coaching in the field of recitation, fashahah and coaching on how to memorize and keep the memorization of the Al-Qur'an, trainers according to their fields, namely the Al-Qur'an, environmental conditions be calm.
Implementasi Penilaian Autentik pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits di MAN 1 Tapanuli Tengah
Authors: Ismail Rudya , Erawadi Erawadi , Zulhammi Zulhammi
Published: July 2023

The background of this research is that there are still teachers of Al-Qur'an-Hadith who judge it only as a formality, assess students only modestly. In fact, when referring to the 2013 curriculum assessment, there are many types of authentic assessment, including: authentic assessment of affective aspects, assessment of cognitive aspects, assessment of psychomotor aspects. So that researchers are interested in studying the assessment of authentic Al-Qur'an Hadith teachers at MAN 1 Tapanuli Tengah, Barus District, Central Tapanuli Regency. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach and a descriptive research type. Descriptive data is data obtained in the form of words which are then attempted to be described and interpreted. Data collection techniques using unstructured interviews, participant observation and documentation. Data analysis uses data reduction procedures, data presentation and conclusion or verification. The research results show that; First, an authentic assessment of affective (spiritual and social) aspects used at MAN 1 Tapanuli with observation, interview and documentation techniques. Second, the authentic assessment of cognitive aspects (knowledge) used at MAN 1 Tapanuli Tengah uses written test techniques and oral tests. This is illustrated for written test techniques used to evaluate students by carrying out daily tests while oral tests are used at the beginning and at the end of learning, if at the beginning of learning to perceive last week's lesson, at the end of learning to solidify learning. Third, the authentic assessment of psychomotor aspects (skills) used at MAN 1 Tapanuli Tengah is in accordance with the Minister of Education and Culture in its application, Al-Qur'an-Hadis teachers use practical techniques, projects and portfolios.
La médecine au risque de ses publics: les Archives du magnétisme et du somnambulisme (Strasbourg, 1787-1788)
Authors: Gantet Claire
Published: July 2023

Mesmerism was built in newspapers and in response to newspapers. Never before probably had an issue of public health been discussed with so much verbal violence. Whom henceforth was recognized medical authority? The Archiv für Magnetismus und Somnambulismus [Archives of Magnetism and Somnambulism] was published in Strasbourg by the physics professor Johann Lorenz Böckmann in 1788-1789, in 8 volumes of over 100 pages. It was the only scientific journal on animal magnetism that really operated as a forum on the new therapy. It attempted to correct the disastrous effect of the Parisian condemnation of the notion of a universal fluid (that was put forward by Franz Anton Mesmer) in August 1784 and to promote a scientific discourse by denouncing anonymous articles.
Il «fiume reale»: gli acuti del pensiero illuminista italiano, Pietro Verri e le nuove Méditations sur le bonheur
Authors: Mangione Daniela
Published: July 2023

The early 1760s witnessed the emergence of a series of significant writings of the Italian Enlightenment, so intertwined with each other that they still require the investigations of critics to unravel the attributions of texts and ideas - investigations now made easier by the publication of the abundant writings of Pietro Verri and Cesare Beccaria. There is still much to be fully understood, for example, the true relationship between the Verri brothers and Cesare Beccaria. In the meantime, a new French translation of Pietro Verri's Meditazioni sulla felicità finally does justice to the ideological and stylistic framework of the work, shedding light on Pietro Verri's journey of education and evolution.
El director escolar en España: Una mirada desde el enfoque radical e inclusivo
Authors: Nicolosi Anna Maria
Published: July 2023

Este artículo analiza la importante figura del director escolar en el sistema educativo español, en el que los aspectos burocráticoadministrativos y de gestión definen cada vez más sus características. El proceso de acceso a la función directiva, la falta de un adecuado reconocimiento de la carrera profesional, la escasa aplicación de la autonomía en un sistema todavía muy centralizado, la falta de una formación y evaluación estructurada, y las enormes responsabilidades en ámbitos muy diversos (económico, jurídico, didáctico, psicológico, relacional, de seguridad), manifiestan la urgente necesidad de revisar el liderazgo escolar, proponiendo una profunda reflexión cultural y educativo-pedagógica y un cambio radical de paradigma.
Diabetic Retinopathy as a Risk for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Khalil Iqra , Kiran Ayesha , Haider Sajjad , Kanwal Bushra
Published: July 2023

Purpose:  To evaluate diabetic retinopathy as a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma.
Study Design:  Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Munawar Memorial Hospital Chakwal from December 2021 to April 2022.
Methods:  A sample of 206 eyes of 103 diabetic patients, 40 to 65 years of age and either gender were included in the study. The eyes were divided into two groups on the basis of presence and absence of diabetic retinopathy. Data included age, gender, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, type, and duration of diabetes mellitus. Fundus examination was carried out using a 90 Diopters lens. Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy scale (ETDRS). Primary open angle glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of optic nerve head changes, defective visual field and raised intraocular pressure. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0.
Results:  Of 103 subjects 52 subjects were male and 51 were female. Of the 206 eyes of 103 subjects, 100 eyes had no signs of diabetic retinopathy while 106 eyes had signs of diabetic retinopathy. Fifty six eyes had primary open angle glaucoma. Chi-square and a multivariate regression model were used for analysis. The odds ratio of diabetic retinopathy for primary open angle glaucoma was 1.50.
Conclusion:  In conclusion, Diabetic retinopathy was found to be a significant risk for developing primary open angle glaucoma  in addition to other contributing factors like age, duration of diabetes mellitus, increased intraocular pressure, Ocular Perfusion pressure, and cup disc ratio.
Clinical Characteristics of Horizontal Strabismus in Sudanese Patients
Authors: Alrasheed Saif Hassan
Published: July 2023

Purpose:  To describe clinical characteristics of horizontal strabismus in Sudanese patients.
Study Design:  A retrospective chart review (RCR), a hospital-based study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Al-Neelain Eye Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from January 2017 to May 2021.
Methods:  There were 773 patients, who presented with horizontal strabismus. Data regarding demographics and eye examination including visual acuity, refractive error, and angle of deviation, type of strabismus (intermittent, constant, or alternating)were collected. Data analysis was done by SPSS 23, and statistical significance was set at P< 0.05.
Results:  The commonest strabismus was esotropia 522(71.5%). There were 415(56.8%) females. Most patients had alternating strabismus 436(59.7%), followed by constant strabismus 206(28.2%). Vision differed by types of strabismus (P =0.032) with worse vision found in esotropia(mean, 0.69±0.34)compared to exotropia (mean, 0.78±0.33). Refractive error varied by types of strabismus. Hyperopia was common with esotropia (mean, +3.9±3.8 D) and myopia was associated with exotropia (-3.4±2.8 D). The main cause of horizontal strabismus was congenital and presence of refractive error. Hyperopia was a major cause of esotropia for children aged 6 – 10 years which was highly significant (P <0.003) and myopia was the primary reason for exotropia at ˃15 years (P =0.485).
Conclusion:  The most common type of strabismus among Sudanese was esotropia. Causes of strabismus differed by age group with refractive error and congenital disorders accounting for most of the children aged less than six years and myopia for the majority of exotropia aged more than15 years.
Role of Conjunctival Swab in Diagnosis of Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Ernawati Titiek , Irawan Audrey Fedora , Marpaung Ferdy Royland , Khudrati Wilson Christianto , Novita Dewi Bernadette Dian
Published: July 2023

Purpose:  To investigate the role of conjunctival swab in diagnosing COVID-19 and to find out correlation between COVID-19 severity and conjunctival swab positivity.
Study Design:  Analytic Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study:  Primasatya Husada Citra Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia in March 2021.
Method:  Forty-seven patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted in the hospital during the month of March 2021 were included. Socio demographic data, symptoms, ocular manifestations, and result of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs for SARS-CoV-2were collected. Conjunctival swab was taken 1 – 4 days after the nasopharyngeal swab. Patients were divided into two groups; group with ocular symptoms and the other group with ocular signs. Patients with ocular signs had chemosis, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye discharge. This group also included patients who were on Ventilator and could not complain about their ocular problems. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis with p-value less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Results:  Conjunctival swab PCR was negative in 95.7% patients. Correlation between COVID-19 severity and conjunctival swab was also not significant (P = 0.589). Only 2 subjects (4.3%) who had ocular signs and symptoms revealed positive PCR (p> 0.05). Similarly severity of the disease was also not correlated with positivity of conjunctival swab (p>0.05).
Conclusions:  The limited sensitivity of conjunctival specimens based on the result of this study showed that the diagnostic value of conjunctival specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 is low.
ANALISIS FILOGENI KURA-KURA BATOK (Cuora Amboinensis) WILAYAH INDONESIA TIMUR (AMBON, LUWU, DAN GORONTALO) BERBASIS SEKUEN GEN CYTOCHROME B
Authors: Hermawan Candra
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan kekerabatan Kura-Kura Batok (Cuora amboinensis) wilayah Ambon, Luwu, dan Gorontalo dilihat dari analisis konstruksi pohon filogeni, jarak genetik, dan similaritas berdasarkan variasi sekuens gen Cytochrome b. Penelitian ini masuk ke dalam penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang dilakukan di dalam laboratorium. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini meliputi isolasi DNA jaringan, purifikasi DNA, Poly Chain Reaction (PCR), elektroforesis horizontal, sekuensing gen, dan analisis filogeni menggunakan software MEGA 6. Sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan 8 spesies yang berasal dari Ambon, Gorontalo, dan Luwu. Hasil analisis filogeni menunjukkan nilai jarak genetik sebesar 0,003-0,349 dan nilai similaritas genetik sebesar 65,13%-99,70%. Cuora amboinensis dari daerah yang sama memiliki hubungan kekerabatan lebih tinggi dibanding dari daerah yang berbeda. Terdapat anomali pada sampel Gorontalo 10 yang berkerabat dekat dengan wilayah Ambon padahal kedua sampel tersebut terletak pada pulau yang berbeda. Kondisi ini dapat karena terjadi perdagangan lintas wilayah pada C. amboinensis sehingga menyebabkan variasi genetik rendah serta tingkat simialiaritas genetik tinggi pada spesies yang terletak pada pulau berbeda.
PENDEKATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DEBITOR DAN KREDITOR DALAM PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEPALITIAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN MEMBAYAR UTANG DIMASA MENDATANG
Authors: Aprita Serlika , Carissa Amanda Mutia , Putri Andini Yulia , Sabrina Sabrina
Published: July 2023

The Human Rights Approach of Debtors and Creditors in Testing Bankruptcy Laws and Postponing Bankruptcy Obligations to Pay Debts in the Future is discussed in this study, Along with how Indonesia's legal system's state or evolution with regard to bankruptcy law and the suspension of debt payment responsibilities. Indonesia. In this study, a normative research methodology is used to investigate problems with the law and pertinent literature. According to the study's findings, the Bankruptcy Law and Postponement of Obligation to Pay Future Debt regulates the human rights approach between debtors and creditors when it comes to testing the law. Law Number 37 of 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations is the name of this regulation. By filing for bankruptcy or requesting a suspension of their debt payment responsibilities, debtors can reach an agreement with their creditors regarding the repayment of their debts. A delay in payment of debt is a time period allotted by law in line with a Commercial Judge's Decision, during which the creditor and debtor can discuss how to pay their debts by drafting a payment plan for all or any of those debts, including by restructuring the debt. Either the debtor or the creditor may ask for a suspension of the debt payment obligations.
ASAS PRADUGA TAK BERSALAH DALAM PROSES PENYIDIKAN
Authors: Johansyah Johansyah , Roni Abdul
Published: July 2023

The principle of presumption of innocence is regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning Judicial Powers. One of the duties of the Investigator (police) is to conduct an examination of alleged criminal acts. Examination carried out by investigators in the context of investigation (examination) to obtain information and clarity about the elements of the alleged crime against the suspect, so that the position of a person (suspect) in a crime becomes clear. In the process of investigating a crime, the investigator (police) is required to apply and uphold the principle of the presumption of innocence, that a suspect must be presumed innocent before a court decision that has legal force remains declared guilty. The protection of the suspect's rights during the investigation process must be respected in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. The rights of the accused have been recognized and regulated in the provisions of the criminal procedural law and human rights law. Legal protection for suspects in the investigation process is by recognizing the rights of suspects by upholding human rights, and must apply the presumption of innocence. In the process of investigating suspects, investigators (police) do not have to pursue confessions from suspects, but investigators in determining criminal offenders to become suspects must be based on sufficient preliminary evidence. So that the legal process can run well and in accordance with applicable legal regulations
Evaluation of Toxicity of Lead Salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) Exposed Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Two Seasons (Summer and Winter) of Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Kour Gagandeep , Shrivastav Rekha , Vyas Vipin
Published: July 2023

The main objective of the intended research was to ascertain the toxic effects of Lead salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) in two seasons of varying temperatures in the Indian subtropical region of Bhopal. The toxicity test was carried out at concentrations of 250, 300, 350, 400,450, and 500 mg.l-1 for the determination of LC 50 of PbCl2 and PbNO4 in summer at high temperature (HT) and in winter with low temperature(LT) conditions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The  LC 50 values for PbCl2 for 24 hours in winter (LT) were 487.98 ± 1.17 mg.l-1 and decreased to 466.66 ± 1.31 mg.l-1, 436.11 ± 1.68 mg.l-1, 416.49 ± 1.61 mg.l-1, for 48, 72, and 96 hours respectively whereas in summer (HT) the LC 50 values were calculated as 396.83 ± 1.38 mg.l-1, 359.42 ± 1.71 mg.l-1, 345.95 ± 1.80 mg.l-1 and 321.67 ± 1.24 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. The LC 50 values for PbNO3 in winter (LT) were calculated as 427.76 ± 2.02 mg.l-1, 400.13 ± 1.01 mg.l-1, 373.42 ± 1.76 mg.l-1, and 359.92 ±1.36 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours and in summer(HT) LC 50 values calculated as 357.93 ± 1.69 mg.l-1, 329.76 ± 0.83 mg.l-1, 300.47 ± 1.41 mg.l-1  and 274.29 ± 2.06 mg.l-1 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. This study discovered that the counterions play an important role in toxicity due to which PbNO3 toxicity was high as compared to PbCl2 in both seasons as well effect of temperature in enhancing the toxicity of both Lead salts (PbCl2 and PbNO3) in summer was studied.

Keywords: counterions, LC 50, Seasonal temperatures, fish.
Alterations in the Kidney and Liver Histoarchitecture of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus upon Prolonged Oral Oxytetracycline Administration
Authors: Abraham Thangapalam Jawahar , Julinta Roy Beryl , Patil Prasanna Kumar
Published: July 2023

Antibiotics are essential for specific and diagnosed practices in aquaculture practices and many of them are toxic to fish if abused. This study reports the effects of prolonged use of dietary oxytetracycline at 0-10 times the therapeutic dose (×: 80 mg/kg biomass/day) on the kidney and liver histoarchitecture of Oreochromis niloticus. A dose-dependent reduction in feed intake, survival and biomass were noticed on day 30 of dosing. The major histopathological changes found in the kidney were degeneration of renal tubular epithelium, vacuolation, inflammation, widened lumen, nephrocalcinosis, necrotized haematopoietic area, glomerulopathy with dilated Bowman’s space and thickening of lumen lining. The liver exhibited dose-dependent mild to marked glycogen-type hepatocellular vacuolation, cytoplasmic degeneration and cellular hypertrophy. Mild lipid-type vacuolations were present in the 5× and 10× groups. The suspension of dosing demonstrated only an insignificant recovery capacity of dosed O. niloticus for a prolonged period, which is a cause for concern.
The Isolation of BDCA-1 Myeloid Dendritic Cells from Bovine Blood for Detection of the Bovine Leukaemia Virus
Authors: Kratochvilova Lucie , Szczotka Maria , Slama Petr
Published: July 2023

This article is focused on the isolation of CD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) from bovine blood and their using for detection of bovine leukaemia virus. DCs are able to initiate an immune response because of that are antigen-presenting cells. DCs also play a key role in the regulation of innate immunity (NK cell function). Reciprocally, NK cells affect the activity of DCs. DCs have a few sub-groups. Myeloid DCs have two subsets – CD1c+ (BDCA-1) and CD141 (BDCA-3). We focused on detection of the glycoprotein gp51 in BDCA-1 cells infected by bovine leukaemia virus using immunofluorescence. We were able to detect bovine leukaemia virus in DCs which occurs within 8 years of age in cattle and it is the serious disease that needs to be detected in time.
Technologies and factors affecting bioethanol fermentation and its commercialization
Authors: Ezea Ifeanyi Boniface
Published: July 2023

Fossil fuels are a major contributor to climate change and environmental pollution, and as the demand for energy production increases, alternative sources are becoming more attractive. Bioethanol reduce reliance on fossil fuels and can be compatible with the existing fleet of internal combustion engines. Bioethanol is typically produced via microbial fermentation of fermentable sugars. Traditional feedstocks (first- generation) include cereal grains, sugar cane, and sugar beets. However, due to concerns regarding food sustainability, lignocellulosic (second-generation) and algal biomass (third-generation) feedstocks have been investigated. Technologies such as Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF), Separate enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) and Fed- batch Fermentation for bioethanol hold tremendous potential for the production of bioethanol. The aim of this review focuses on the technologies and factors affecting bioethanol production and its commercialization.
Toxicological alteration of Dimethoate (rogor) insecticide against freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus and Mystus mystus
Authors: Bharti Shakuntla , Yadav Ram Pratap , Singh Ajay
Published: July 2023

Like other organophosphates, dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. Dimethoate insecticide can be used for both indoor and outdoor purposes to eliminate a number of insect pests under different condition. Dimethoate, one of the most extensively studied pesticides, may induce many significant changes in fishes. The aim of the present study is to determine the toxicological action of dimethoate on freshwater teleost fishes. The Dimethoate has shown strong piscicidal activity in freshwater fish Colisa fasciatus and Mystus mystus for all the exposure periods (24 or 96h) in time as well as dose dependent manner. The LC50 values decreases from 0.084 ppm (24h) to 0.059 ppm (96h) in winter season (water temp.19⁰) Colisa fasciatus and LC50 0.028 ppm (24h) to 0.010 ppm (96h) in summer season (water temp. 23⁰). The LC50 decreases 0.039 ppm (24h) to 0.022 ppm (96h) in winter season against Mystus mystuus and LC50 0.040 ppm (24h) to 0.015 ppm (96h) in summer season. The pesticide exposure may also fatal to many non- targeted organisms like fish where it hampers its health through impairment of metabolism, occasionally leading to the death of the fish.
Design of a Music Recommendation Device Using Mini-Xception CNN and Facial Recognition
Authors: Singh Chandan , Himayanth V , Balakiruthiga B.
Published: July 2023

Due to the emerging developments in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies, various prediction systems are been developed based on human emotions and real time aspects of human psychology as well. Facial recognition system is one such mechanism which is the most vibrant strategy used for predicting human emotions. It is extensively applied in surveillance systems, fault identification and other security related aspects. Based on the human emotions researchers have already proposed several music recommendation systems. This paper aims to propose a Facial recognition-based music recommendation system to treat the psychology patients. This helps to recover the patients from mental stress, anxiety, and depression. The suggested method aims to take into account the limitations of the face recognition system in current frameworks, such as the requirement to lower the processing delay for deep feature extraction and the necessity to design a Mini exception technique based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture. The FER- 2013 image dataset, which consists of 35000 face photos with automated labelling is considered. It is used to determine how well the proposed approach would detect the various emotion classes. In comparison to other states of methods, the Mini exception technique utilised in CNN layers acts as a lightweight system. The proposed solution has a 92% accuracy rate and removes the barrier between the current frameworks. The suggested music is taken from a music database and then further mapped in accordance with the algorithm's output.
A Digitalized Voting System using Fingerprint Authentication
Authors: P Ayisha , V S Karishma , T Renuka , Dileepkumar Shruthi , E Akhila
Published: July 2023

Electronic voting, also referred to as "e-voting," has been used since the 1970s and has several benefits over paper-based systems, including increased efficiency and reduced mistake rates. However, there are still obstacles to the widespread adoption of these systems, particularly when it comes to enhancing their susceptibility to potential defects. To promote error-free, quick, and secure voting in elections, the study proposes an authentication system and a digitalized version of the current voting system in this research and suggests a fingerprint authentication method because fingerprints serve as a user's unique and crucial form of identification. Aadhar database is stored in the system, and when a voter enters the polling booth, authentication and verification are done through a fingerprint scanner with the help of this. The voter can cast their vote digitally once the authentication and verification processes have been completed. If the voter has already voted, an error occurs and the 'voter has already voted' message is displayed. Since the system already has the entire voter's information, if there is a problem with the authentication procedure, the voter won't be able to cast their vote. The proposed design has an easy-to-understand architecture and responds quickly. It makes trouble-free, easy, and accurate counting possible. This approach allows qualified voters to cast their ballots from anywhere in India.
Detection of DDOS Attack using Decision Tree Classifier in SDN Environment
Authors: S Nithish Babu , V Yogesh , S Mariswaran , N Gowtham
Published: July 2023

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a dynamic architecture that employs a variety of applications for making networks more adaptable and centrally controlled. It is easy to attack the entire network in SDN because the control plane and data plane are separated. DDoS attack is major danger to SDN service providers because it can shut down the entire network and stop services to all customers at any time. One of the key flaws of most SDN architectures is lack of susceptibility to DDoS attacks with its types like TCP flooding, UDP flooding, SYN flooding, ICMP flooding and DHCP flooding for detecting those kinds of attacks. The machine learning algorithms are widely used in recent years to identify DDoS attacks. This research utilizes Decision Tree Classifier for detection and classification of DDoS attacks on SDN. The Forward Feature Selection technique is also used in the research to select the best features from the dataset and from that dataset the data are employed to train and test the model by Decision Tree Classifier Algorithm. The decision Tree Classifier technique is a supervised method used to forecast desired values of observations using rudimentary machine learning decision rules derived from training data. Based on the accuracy of decision tree techniques, in future, a hybrid learning model will be designed for detecting the Distributed Denial of Services in an SDN environment with high accuracy and a low false negative rate.