bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of regional agribusiness entities in the transition to a digital economy
Authors: Panov Aleksey , Panova Natalya , Malofeev Alexander , Nemkina Elena
Published: December 2019

In 2017, the “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” program was approved, which stated that the digitalization of the economy should become the main breakthrough direction in the country’s development. In this paper, various definitions of the digital economy were considered, taking into account the inextricable connection of all sectors and spheres of the national economy with the use of digital technologies. The interaction of business entities in the transition to a digital economy should be based on the main provisions of the approved Program and its development levels. In order to improve the functioning of the regional agribusiness, several directions for introducing the digital economy are proposed, taking into account the readiness of economic entities to carry out activities in its conditions. As a result, a classification of participants in agribusiness was proposed in accordance with the criterion of having absolute and relative readiness, as well as those who are resistant and non-resistant to self-adaptation in the digital economy. A certain basis for communications of agricultural entities in the context of digitalization is the ability to use modern information and communication technologies, as well as a single information space within the framework of agricultural clusters. An algorithm for the formation of such an information space in the agricultural clusters of the Volgograd region and communication mechanism based on information technology were proposed.
Justification of the rice harvester number in the main technological link, considering the accepted guarantee probability
Authors: Shapiro Evgeny
Published: December 2019

This article substantiates the guaranteeing number of rice harvesters in the main technological link of the harvesting and transport complex, sets out the methodology and presents the calculated dependences of determining the rational number of rice harvesters, taking into account the accepted guarantee probability, which reduces the need for agricultural machinery and the cost of mechanized work. The article is recommended for agricultural specialists, scientists, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and students of agricultural universities in the field of “Agricultural Engineering”.
The tillage effect on the change of soil structure
Authors: Parkhomenko Galina , Kambulov Sergei , Olshevskaya Anastasiya , Babadzhanyan Arkadiy , Gucheva Natalia , Mekhantseva Irina
Published: December 2019

In the arid conditions of the southern regions of Russia, cultivated crops lack moisture. At the same time, agronomically feasible tillage becomes important. Ecological safety of the environment presumes protecting the land resources from possible negative anthropogenic impact. Humus accumulation decreases due to increasing soil compaction. Soil compaction is a type of physical degradation. Soil degradation occurs as a result of excessive loads. Soil compaction is the cause of increasing erosion processes. In the fractured porous massif of the treated soil, moisture loss from the depth of the formation during physical evaporation is detected. Physical evaporation of moisture in arid conditions leads to desiccant soil degradation. Pseudo-compaction of the lower part of the treated layer can occur when loosening only the surface layers, which leads to hydrolysis degradation of chernozem soil. The factors for the development of man-made soil degradation as a result of its processing by tillage tools of various types are studied, and the results of the studies are presented. Recommendations for reducing their impact on cultivated soil horizons have been developed, and working bodies for reducing the negative impact on the soil have been proposed. The feasibility of flat-cutting processing of the surface soil layer and the deepening of the subsoil layer by chisel working bodies is proved.
Research and development of a probability mathematical wear model of automobile friction joints
Authors: Shapiro Evgenii , Tarasenko Boris , Karpenko Vladimir
Published: December 2019

The existing approaches related to the mathematical description of the wear process are analyzed. A new mathematical wear model for automobile friction joints, based on an infinite power series, has been substantiated. This model takes into account the random nature of the wear process and the nonlinearity of the wear accumulation during the breaking-in period and normal operation of the detail. It is convenient for engineering estimations and does not require complex calculations. The article is recommended for agricultural specialists, scientists, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and students of agricultural universities for the program track “Agricultural Engineering”.
Foreign experience in the development of agricultural business
Authors: Udalov Andrey , Udalova Zoya , Postnikova Lubov , Postnikova Daria
Published: December 2019

The paper studies the foreign experience in the development of various forms of farming in agriculture with the aim of identifying and analyzing the elements that can be applied to Russian conditions that contribute to changing the agricultural business of Russia and its equal development on a par with other foreign countries. The presented study of the foreign experience in the development of agricultural business showed that regardless of the variety of ownership forms and sizes of agricultural producers, all highly developed countries have clearly formulated goals and objectives for the development of agriculture, both in the long and short term. They consist in understanding the special role of the agricultural sector of the economy and protecting the interests of their own agricultural producers.
Amu-Surkhan Basin water use efficiency approach and its effect on energy saving
Authors: Ikramova Malika , Kabulov Khairullo , Akhmedkhodjaeva Ifoda , Khodjiev Alisher
Published: December 2019

In the article, the efficiency of water management is analysed in the territory of Amu-Surhan basin located in south of Uzbekistan. On the territory, water resources are formed in a rather high amount. However, due to large volumes of technical water losses and lack of reservoirs, excess water is discharged to the Amu Darya River. At the same time, during the irrigation period, there is a need to pump large amount of water from the Amu Darya river, which leads to large electricity costs. According to the results of the studies, options are proposed to increase water storing capacity and thereby reduce the volume of pumped water.
Typical errors in the data for the performance of the state cadastral assessment of real estate objects
Authors: Kustysheva Irina , Moskvin Viktor
Published: December 2019

This scientific article addresses the issues of typical errors in the information on real estate objects to the fullest extent of this issue. The content of this scientific article is a modern knowledge and statistical data obtained on the basis of the activities of the federal state body -the Federal Service for State Registration of Cadastre and Cartography of the Russian Federation. The main provisions of the State Inventory Assessment real estate, cadastral value, Unified State Register of Real Estate.
Migration of heavy metal in the soil-plant system in the territory adjacent to the MSW landfill
Authors: Milyutina N , Osmolovskaya N , Politaeva N
Published: December 2019

The results of analysis of the efficiency of extraction of heavy metals (HM) from contaminated soils by plant roots naturally growing in the area between the existing and closed MSW landfills are presented. The parcelling of HM between the roots and above-ground parts of the wormwood Artemísia absínthium L. and stinging nettle Urtica urens L. was analyzed. The migration coefficients of HM between the organs of the studied plants were calculated. Maximum concentration of HM in the leaves of plants was found.
Agricultural machinery market development for ensuring food security
Authors: Nechaeva Marina , Nechaev Vladimir , Larinina Tatyana , Kulakov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

Nowadays, the agricultural sector development directly affects the number of people employed in the economy, the development of rural infrastructure and living standards in rural areas, the country’s food security, public health, the state of other sectors of the economy, inflation and much more. One of the main conditions for ensuring food security of the country in case of problems in the livestock industry and feed production is the optimal complex of units with maximum efficiency of use and energy conservation. The research is dedicated to the construction of the perception map of agricultural machinery manufacturers in the Nizhny Novgorod region based on the analysis of non-price competition parameters and proposals for the development of this market. Feasibility and affordability of domestically produced agricultural machinery should be a priority national project. The research identified the two main factors that ensure a competitive position in the market of manufacturers: Quality and product safety and Social responsibility. The influence of factors helps to determine the competitive status and promising areas for the development of agricultural machinery market. The conducted research is based on data of compound feed equipment.
Optimization methods of phosphorus regime of disturbed lands in the Far North
Authors: Iglovikov Anatoly , Motorin Alexander , Denisov Alexander
Published: December 2019

The results of the studies of the optimization methods of phosphorus regime of disturbed lands in the Far North are presented. In technogenic disturbed soils, the total phosphorus content is very low-0.071-0.087% (reclaimed soils in the area of Bovanenkovo) and 0.03-0.06% (sand in the area of Salekhard). Down the profile its content increases to 0.3-0.5% in accordance with the gross reserves varies and the content of available forms of phosphorus. By the end of the growing season, there is a tendency to reduce the content of mobile phosphorus, especially where high rates of fertilizers were introduced. To preserve the fertility of recultivated soils at a minimum level, it is necessary to periodically apply mineral fertilizers in the form of dressings. The main reserves of phosphorus are consumed by perennial grasses for two years. In subsequent years, the content of available phosphorus is reduced from 1.5 to 2.0 times. A crucial role in providing perennial grasses available phosphorus are mineral fertilizers and peat beauty. Phosphorus intake into plants was particularly intense in the early stages of development (germination– earing (tasseling)), reaching a maximum in the interphase period earing (tasseling) – flowering, and decreased during flowering – the beginning of maturation. Increasing the dose of phosphorus fertilizers by 60 kg, the active substance stimulated its consumption in the phase of earing (tasseling)–flowering.
Fertility of agrogenic and postagrogenic chernozems of Western Siberia
Authors: Eremina Diana , Eremin Dmitry
Published: December 2019

In Western Siberia, agricultural land resources have been actively used for many decades. Each year, the anthropogenic load increases, although the chernozem of Siberia is considered the youngest relative to the European part of Russia. Therefore, a problem has arisen - soil fatigue expressed by a decrease in crop yields, despite the introduction of mineral fertilizers. To solve this problem, it is necessary to transfer part of arable lands of Siberia to the category of grass fallow, where the main indicator of fertility, the humus state, is being restored. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of the humus content and its enrichment with nitrogen. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the State Agricultural University of Northern TransUrals, which is located in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The station was founded in 1968 and still exists. As a result of the studies, it was found that the five-year grass fallow is characterized by a slight increase in the content of humus in the upper layer. Humus reserves in the layer of 0-30 cm increased by 9 tons, which corresponded to an annual accumulation of 1.8 t/ha. However, this is not enough to restore the humus state of old arable chernozems in Western Siberia. The total nitrogen content in the five-year grass fallow increased from 0.18-0.30 to 0.24-0.36%, which exceeds the values of arable chernozems. After 15 years, the postagrogenic chernozem of grass fallow was characterized by a high humus content in the layer of 0–20 cm (7.8%) and nitrogen accumulation in organic matter up to 0.4% with the C:N ratio of 8.2–11.6. It has been established that over 15 years, postagrogenic chernozems of Western Siberia cannot restore the humus state to the level of virgin land analogues.
Technological process of application of mineral fertilizers by self-loading machine
Authors: Andreev Konstantin , Terentyev Vyacheslav , Shemyakin Alexander
Published: December 2019

The article presents a study of centrifugal distributors, advantages and disadvantages of their use are identified. Based on this, in order to improve technological means for the surface application of mineral fertilizers, it was proposed to develop a self-loading distributor for solid mineral fertilizers from soft containers, which in an aggregate with energy means would perform the functions of transporting mineral fertilizers to the field, loading them into the distributor bunker and their distribution over the surface of the field. It proves that the topic is relevant and is of great economic importance. This article offers a description of the device, the principle of operation and its technical characteristics. It also presents the sequential operations of the technological process: loading, transportation of fertilizers to the field and the very introduction of mineral fertilizers. The objective is to improve the operational and technological characteristics of the self-loading fertilizer distributor, which is provided by the knives’ installation scheme, their shape, which allows to obtain a consistently large opening for the release of fertilizers and is equipped with a dressing grid. The proposed design and technological solution allows the distributor to be self-loaded with solid mineral fertilizers packed in soft disposable containers weighing up to 1 ton, using a lift installed at the rear of the tractor frame, cutting the bottom of this container and uniform feeding of fertilizers to the spreading disc. In this case, the upper part of the cover of the soft container acts as a part of the distributor bunker, increasing its useful volume.
Mathematical modeling of the food-security level using a fuzzy cognitive approach
Authors: Rogachev A , Antamoshkina E
Published: December 2019

The article discusses methodological approaches to the problem of assessing the level of food security based on cognitive mathematical modeling. The feasibility of integrated accounting in the context of import substitution primarily of the production and consumption of agricultural products by the population, as well as the volume of their imports and stocks, taking into account rational consumption standards, is substantiated. It is shown that the solution to the problem of ensuring food security is possible using economic and mathematical modeling based on fuzzy production cognitive maps. It is also necessary to develop and improve methods for the intellectual analysis of relevant statistical data to predict the integral level of food security.
3D laser scanning for monitoring the quality of surface in agricultural sector
Authors: Gura D , Dubenko Yu , Dyshkant E , Pavlyukova A , Akopyan G
Published: December 2019

The paper considers three technologies for obtaining data on the road surface -through video recording, thermal imaging and laser scanning for the purpose of monitoring, diagnostics and control of the road quality. An analysis of the first two methods showed their significant drawbacks, such as the inability to measure the geometric parameters of deformations (video recording) and the significant dependence of the measurement results on external conditions (thermal imaging). Laser scanning, on the contrary, has a number of advantages, including coordinate referencing, obtaining a three-dimensional model, its transformation and measurement of parameters. Laser scanning is widely used, but mainly for measuring the quantitative characteristics of objects. The paper discusses the application of the laser scanning method to determine the qualitative characteristics of the road surface - the presence or absence of defects, which include hollow spots, waves, cavities, chipping, bleeding, humps, cracks, vertical displacement of road plates, rutting, unevenness of patching, damage to the road surface, track, breach, destruction of the pavement edge, subsidence followed by a complex of repair work. For this, a ground-based laser scanning was performed, the results of which were processed using the Leica Cyclone 9.4 software. According to the scanning data, defects were detected in the form of soil subsidence, hollow spots and humps. The performed work revealed a drawback of the laser scanning method, which consists in the absence of automated detection and recognition of deformations. A number of measures have been proposed to improve this drawback, which slows down the randomness and quality of work in monitoring and diagnosing the road. Further prospects for research on this topic, in particular the multi-purpose use of scanning data, by creating a distributed ledger are also indicated.
Automation of quality management systems of agro-industrial enterprises
Authors: Korableva Galina , Kucherova Elena
Published: December 2019

The publication discusses Russian and foreign software products that automate various business processes of enterprises, including those related to quality management. The analysis is carried out and a description of the problems of the development and implementation of automated quality management systems at the Russian enterprises is presented. Theoretical principles of the methodology are formulated, the use of which will allow developing automated quality management systems both at the level of industry solutions and local solutions for individual enterprises.
Routing of freight transportation in logistics of agriculture
Authors: Tanaino Iuliia , Yugrina Olga , Zharikova Larisa
Published: December 2019

The development of national transport system impacts the performance of enterprises, and therefore, its viability in the market conditions. At the same time, the market is the exchange of goods and services, which is impossible without transport. Transport is a crucial component of the market infrastructure. It is essential to consolidate all the transport sectors into a multimodal transportation system, which would be convenient in terms of customer servicing, shipment time and accuracy, cargo safety, end-to-end information support, and financial relationships as well. Traditionally, the applied science deals with management of train and rail car traffic, stations, and rolling stock. In practice, carriers and cargo owners often have different priorities. The carrier needs to comply with routes and delivery time, while the customer is more concerned about shiploads, consistency in the delivery of carload shipments, and clearly scheduled delivery times. The problem of determination of ways to develop a unified transport environment facilitated by integrated multimodal transportation techniques is of a higher relevance. The purpose of this research is to identify certain stages of freight transportation, study the opportunities of applying various transportation techniques focusing on operating costs reduction, and to analyze the ways to improve routed transportation to the mutual benefit of both carriers and shippers. This work employs research methods to analyze freight transportation, and methods of mathematical modeling of the transportation process subject to introducing new techniques to minimize the number of re-classifications made on the route and reduce operating costs at unloading stations. As a result, the criteria have been identified to determine the choice of railroad transport operation activities subject to minimizing costs throughout the operating domain.
Technology of crushed stone ballast cleaning
Authors: Korolev Vadim , Loktev Alexey , Shishkina Irina , Zapolnova Evgenia , Kuskov Vladislav , Basovsky Dmitry , Aktisova Olga
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the influence of various factors on the application of the technology of crushed stone ballast clearing. A model of a ballast prism composed of crushed stone of various fractions in the form of an elastic isotropic flat layer of varying thickness, bounded around the perimeter by a contour of arbitrary shape, is considered. Criteria for evaluating crushed stone ballast cleaning technologies are given: performance of a ballast cleaning machine - estimated by operating speed, volume of cut out and cleaned ballast (per hour) and depends on the initial state of the path superstructure, initial contamination and ballast moisture, cutting depth and width of the ballast; technical characteristics of the screen, bar chain, conveyor system; quality of ballast cleaning - depends on the initial state of the ballast layer (moisture, debris), surface area and angle of screen inclination, amplitude and frequency of vibration of the screen; the purity of rubble that is returned on the way, also depends on the effectiveness of protection against weed spills on conveyors and bunkers with clean rubble, and protection against the spill of weeds from the machine onto the ballast prism after it has been cleaned. The choice of a variant of the production technology for ballast cleaning is also based on an analysis of the condition of the path before and after repair and reduces, as a rule, to the formation of a chain of heavy track machines. Analysis of the application of crushed stone ballast cleaning technology, taking into account a set of technical, operational features of the repair site, technical characteristics of track machines for deep cleaning of crushed stone ballast, as well as technological and production requirements for various types of the path repair, showed the need for further study of this issue to reduce operating costs for Russian Railways.
Criterion of comparative efficiency in planning of the transport network
Authors: Petrov Mikhai , Samuylov Valeriy
Published: December 2019

Currently, there is a significant number of strategic documents that directly or indirectly postulate the priorities for the development of the railroad transport network. This drives the problem of document matching which should result in actual development trajectory. But this requires a thorough per network pre-project research in order to establish the full extent of transport and non-transport effects that are potentially caused by the network project. The paper focuses on formulating the conditions that allow simplifying pre-project evaluation and states that one of the correct ways to simplify evaluation is to use the criterion of comparative efficiency. The hypothesis of this research is that there is a more nuanced way to present capital investments in infrastructure through the aspects of infrastructure operational efficiency. Standard method of time-linear discounting of money flow is insufficient in transport network development projects. A suggested method is illustrated with a real calculation providing rationale for an option that provides powerful after-action for a rationalized project of a new strategic railroad line.
Knowledge management system of an industry-specific research and education complex
Authors: Khabarov Valeriy , Volegzhanina Irina
Published: December 2019

Topicality of the research is determined by the fact that it addresses the issue of a gap between actual production and professional education. Digitalization creates ample opportunities for the development of the leading material production industries (transport industry is among them) due to the totality of technologies, including knowledge engineering. This fuels digital transformations of professional education. The form of syllabus presentation is changing due to the use of ontologies as a contemporary standard of knowledge representation, and this ensures semantic openness of educational resources. Information technologies in education are changing: the management of educational paths is assigned to artificial intelligent training agents (AI-based tutors). The existing model of education is changing: it is becoming personalized. Finally, the nature of interaction between the industry and industry-specific universities and colleges is changing as well. The paper provides a business model of interaction between production, science, and professional education through an integrated life cycle of knowledge. The knowledge management system of the industry-specific research and education complex is regarded as a mechanism for implementation of this model. Its structure and tools developed by the team of the Transport Information Technologies research laboratory in the Siberian Transport University (Novosibirsk) are described.
Procedure and algorithmization of calculation of terminal network parameters
Authors: Pokrovskaya Oksana , Fedorenko Roman , Khramtsova Elena
Published: December 2019

It is impossible to implement trans-regional integration without a regional logistics system based on a network of storage and distribution centers. The search for the most suitable project of a terminal network is complicated by the necessity to perform a step-by-step processing of options. Decisions are made considering the economic performance of the cargo transportation process. The target function has been formulated in the article. A sequential decision-making process based on the number and dislocation of terminals has been developed with a calculation model, and an algorithm for designing a regional terminal network is proposed. A terminal network is considered as a systemically important basis to implement the integration of all transport-expediting processes in the region. The advisability of formation of the regional terminal network to support the logistics of cargo transportation has been substantiated. The paper proposes a methodology for stepwise solution of the task to determine the required number and parameters for location of the logistics storage and distribution centers (LSDCs). The basis of a calculation process is an estimation model. The application of the proposed methodology will enable improving the existing terminal network of the Russian railway transport, enhancing the efficiency of cargo transportation, and facilitating the increase in competitiveness of RZD OJSC in the cargo transportation market.
Transport infrastructure condition for organizing piggyback traffic
Authors: Smolyanivov Aleksandr , Yushkova Svetlana , Sirina Nina
Published: December 2019

The article provides a comprehensive estimate of the transport infrastructure preparedness for the piggyback traffic provision. The research is based upon statistical and analytical data from 2010 to 2018. The paper uses marketing, economical, and strategic analysis means that allow a rational choice of strategy out of a possible set of options, available resources and potential customer needs. The performed SWOT analysis has determined the risks and expediency of implementation of piggyback traffic introduction project to assess possible additional costs in future. The promising areas of piggyback technologies, whose basic competitive advantages are a combination of customer-focused tariff policy (competitive cost), timeliness, reliability and safety of railway transport with agility and flexibility of the car market are defined. Key trends of the geoeconomic state that pertain directly to the logistics activities in Russia are favorable for the piggyback transportation development within the railway network by involving high-yield cargo flows and expanding freight forwarding business of RZD OJSC. This will result in the improvement of the transport infrastructure utilization efficiency, attraction of investments into development of the terminal and warehouse complex and upgrade of the rolling stock.
Conditions for driving of the connected trains on the operating domain of far eastern railroad
Authors: Kuzmina Nataliya , Shirokova Valentina , Odudenko Tatiana , Agapova Yuliya
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the possibility of increasing the carrying capacity of a railway line in terms of positive dynamics of coal export and its loading on rail transport, including the Pacific ports direction. There is a limit of train handling capacity on operating domain of Far Eastern Railroad on all directions to ports. It is necessary to study all possible options for accelerating the progress of moving traffic by rail. Lack of reserve of train handling capacity on domestic railways combined with violation of the system of the transport complex has led to the fact that the industry cannot reach the previous rate of development. The article is devoted to the possibility of the admission of the connected trains on double-tracks of the Far East railroad at their constant driving and during the summer track works. The main actions for an increase in throughput and carrying ability are determined by priority.
Influence of deviant behavior of transportation process participants on quality of transport service
Authors: Velieva Elena , Veliev Yakov
Published: December 2019

The quality of service takes on great importance in modern conditions of competition in the market of transport services. It involves meeting the needs and expectations of the consumers. The problem of competitiveness management, including in the sphere of transport market services, requires a comprehensive study and significant scientific evidence. The study of competition development, increasing level of competitiveness has been conducted for many decades and is especially relevant in the modern economy. The article reviewed the Russian transport system and analyzes the quality of services provided road, railway, water and air transport. The technical reasons of service rendering quality deterioration in the sphere of transport are considered, subjective factors which have significant influence on qualitative indicators of transport service are established. It was established that such subjective factors can be called deviant behavior of participants in the transportation process. Also, these factors have a negative impact on the safety of transportation, an environmental situation, the consumer demand for transport service and the operational reliability of the transport system as a whole. Then, the ways of committing crimes on different modes of transport are highlighted and possible involved persons from among the participants of the transportation process are identified. Conclusions and proposals to reduce the number of crimes in the field of transport services are made.
Blasting strong rocks in the constrained conditions
Authors: Piotrovich Aleksey , Leshchinsky Aleksander , Shevkun Eugenii , Kostyunina Olga
Published: December 2019

The article deals with a new technology of blasting strong rocks in the constrained conditions of reconstructing railways by means of widening the recesses or shelves on the slope. Reliable no-fly stone rock blasting is provided by installing a transformable gas-permeable shelter on the blast block. The blast containment shelter includes upper frames placed on the surface of the blast block and side frames to shelter the side slope of the ledge. Special elastic elements that serve as a transformable gas-permeable shelter made from heavy-duty dump trucks worn-out tires are suspended on the frames. Shelter frames are installed on railway platforms. The use of a railway crane in hitch with cargo platforms provides the fold increase of the covered area of the explosive block as the time allocated to the technological “window” is taken only for installing and removing the shelter by a railway crane and the time for blasting the block. The time is not lost on moving the blasted rock debris left on the flooring sleepers in the existing railway track by the bulldozers to the excavating pit and for doing other work. A reliable no fly stone rock blasting when creating the secondary tracks of the railways is also provided by using decelerations when initiating explosives.
Rail transport in the system of Russian national input-output tables
Authors: Pyataev Maksim
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes the interaction of the railway industry with other sectors of the economy using the input-output tables published by Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in 2017 after a long pause. The added value of transport industries is being compared. The influence of railway tariffs on the price level in other sectors has been determined. The most sensitive sectors to tariff changes have been identified, as well as industrial relations of railway transport with other sectors. Rail transport is the most significant sector of the economy, since it has the functions of sustainable livelihood of vast territories, and socioeconomic relations, and the provision of military security. In this context, the development of rail transport infrastructure directly affects the development of other sectors of the economy and the development of new territories. As a result of the calculations, we received a list of industries whose prices are largely dependent on rail transport tariffs.
Dynamics of white and red blood cells in the ontogenesis of African catfish
Authors: Shlenkina T , Romanova E , Romanov V , Lyubomirova V , Shadyeva L , Spirina E , Mukhitova M
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of the study of age dynamics and sexual characteristics of blood cells. The object of the study was African catfish during puberty (six months, one year and two years old). At the first stage, the age dynamics of the red blood cells content was studied. The number of red blood cells in the blood of African catfish, depending on age, varied in the range from 0.85*1012 cells/l to 1.35*1012 cells/l. As puberty, the content of red blood cells increased. Erythropoiesis peaked and stabilized at the age of two years. The content of white blood cells of peripheral blood with age increasing twice, reaching a maximum in adulthood-1.14*109 cells/l in females and 1.01*109 cells/l in males. Analysis of the leukocyte formula of African catfish revealed age-dependent quantitative redistribution of cells. It was found in the course of studies, that with age, the proportion of white blood cells in the leukocyte formula of the African catfish increases. There is a general tendency to reduce the relative content of neutrophils. The dynamics of indicators is most clearly manifested in the critical periods of puberty of fish. Studies have shown that a pronounced predominance in the leukocyte formula of white blood cells (within the physiological norm), persists in all age periods and is characteristic of females and males. Age redistribution of leukocyte cells series: neutrophils, monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells in peripheral blood of African catfish demonstrates the development and formation of cellular and humoral links of the immune system in ontogenesis. In the implementation of this process, males and females clearly manifest sexual differences, which become more pronounced with the age of fish.
Use of satellite technology for monitoring buildings and structures
Authors: Konikov Alexandr
Published: December 2019

Satellite technologies are successfully used in many areas of the economy, allowing you to solve problems that cannot be solved by other methods. The paper explores the possibility of using satellite technologies for monitoring buildings and structures located in remote areas where satellite technologies are the main type of communication (other types of communication are either impossible or economically inexpedient). It is shown that the most rational solution of the tasks set is the use of VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) satellite technology. This technology allows you to deploy a satellite terminal in a short time, to establish communication and transfer data on the state of construction objects to a computer center located at a very large distance from the specified objects. A scheme for monitoring buildings is presented, including a geostationary artificial earth satellite, satellite terminals deployed at remote construction sites, the NOC (Communications control center, Network operations center) and the monitoring Center for all construction sites. The satellite is connected to subscriber terminals using a direct and reverse channel. Data from the NOC is transmitted to the monitoring Center via the Internet through a secure VPN connection. It is noted that the use of certain technical improvements in satellite technology directly depends on economic factors. It is indicated that the monitoring Center of all construction objects receives information on the state not only from remote, but also “ordinary” buildings and structures. It is noted that for efficient information processing it is necessary to use cloud computing, modern intellectual technologies, for large-scale tasks it is most promising to use Big Data technology.
Modeling of container freight and passenger traffic
Authors: Bushuev Nikolaj , Shulman Darina , Sagajdak Kristina
Published: December 2019

International experience of demand and increase in container freight railway traffic has been analyzed. High-speed train traffic on the route Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod railway (Russia) has been actively developing since 2010, for instance, in some sections, the railway line has been modernized and new high-speed trains were put into operation. Research trends in the railway infrastructure on the route Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod remain relevant, despite the fact, that the project of high-speed railway line Moscow-Kazan is still not accepted for implementation, and the section of the route Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod should be a priority. The volume of passenger traffic only by high-speed trains by the end of 2020 in this area could reach 3.7 million people. Thus, with the introduction of high-speed traffic, the passenger traffic will approach or even exceed 5 million people, i.e. the high-speed railway will become quite effective. Offered the organization of container transportation with special trains with speeds of 200 km/h and 250 km/h.
Europe-Asia transport corridor development as Russian competitive advantage (example of Sverdlovsk region)
Authors: Samuilov Valerij , Petrov Mihail , Kuznetsova Elena , Kargapoltseva Tatyana
Published: December 2019

The implementation of Russian national project “Fast and High-speed Transportation” is analyzed in the article. Sverdlovsk railway is taken as an example. The use of an innovative rolling-stock “Lastochka” is considered in suburban passenger transportation of the Sverdlovsk Suburban Company (SPK).
Estimation of precise irrigation rates taking into account the hysteresis of soil water-retention capacity
Authors: Terleev V. , Nikonorov A. , Ginevsky R. , Lazarev V. , Topaj A. , Dunaieva I. , Terleeva A.
Published: December 2019

A method is proposed to calculate water irrigation rates for crops that considers hysteresis in the volumetric water content (θ)-water pressure head (ψ) relations, including scanning paths, by the method of point approximation. Three θ(ψ) models are described and computational experiments were carried out using data from literary sources on the hydrophysical properties of soils with different textures. The error analysis of the point approximation of the main branches and the predictive calculation of the scanning branches of the hysteresis loop were carried out. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility to calculate the precise irrigation rates for crops. The use of such standards minimizes unproductive spending of irrigation water, fertilizers, ameliorants and plant protection products, as well as prevents the pollution of natural waters with agrochemicals and reduces the risk of eutrophication of water sources.
Carbon footprint of frozen pangasius fillet: a case study
Authors: Poernomo A , Suryanto M R , Sujuliyani
Published: December 2019

Carbon footprint has become an important issue in the world trade, and can potentially be incorporated into sustainability and ecolabel certification schemes. As the leading seafood producers, Indonesia should start to reduce the carbon footprint of its seafood products, especially those destined for export, to minimize the impact on the environment and to safeguard its product in the world market. The present study aimed to determine the carbon footprint of frozen pangasius fillets produced at PT. KMM, Purwakarta. The carbon footprint was calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment method with a standard emission factor during 3-month observation covering post-harvest, processing, and distribution. Results showed that the total carbon footprint of frozen pangasius fillets was 1.48 kg CO2eq/kg product. The highest emission was in the processing, freezing, and storage, i.e., about 71% (mainly from electricity, ice, and refrigerant), of which refrigerant contributed 41%. The lowest CO2 emission was in the administration office and lighting (1.4%).
DNA barcoding for seahorse identification and its potential as antioxidant and stimulant indicator
Authors: Nurilmala M , Sari E M , Abdullah A , Hizbullah H H , Butet N A , Sudrajat A O
Published: December 2019

Seahorse (Hippocampusspp.) is a species of unique marine biota showing male pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to identify seahorse species (Hippocampusspp.) through molecular approach by DNA barcoding using COI gene marker, determine the potential of seahorse as an antioxidant and an indicator of immunomodulatory properties. The research results showed the nucleotide sequences of DNA sample H1, H2, and H6 identified asH. kuda, while H3, H4, and H5 were identified asH. comeswith the level of identity (homology) as much as 98%-99%. In general, the results of antioxidant activity in seahorse samples can be used as a source of natural antioxidants, namely in the form of seahorse hydrolysates and seahorse ethanol extract (IC50 50-100 ppm). The highest cell proliferation activity was from the seahorse powder group at a concentration of 250 ppm with the value of OD (Optical Density) of 0.227±0.002 and SI (Stimulant Index) of 120.74%. These results indicated that seahorses potentially have indicators of immunomodulators properties.
Utilization of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Sargassum plagyophyllum from Banten as cosmetic creams
Authors: Dolorosa M T , Nurjanah  , Purwaningsih S , Anwar E
Published: December 2019

Kappaphycus alvarezii and Sargassum plagyophyllum are marine commodities from Banten, containing vitamin C, vitamin E and bioactive compounds (alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins), which are thought to have antioxidant and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities. The use of seaweed slurry is chosen because it is cheap, easy to apply and environmentally friendly. The aim of this research was to obtain the selected cream preparation based on antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition and physical characteristics of cream preparation. K. alvarezii and S. plagyophyllum slurry had antioxidant activity (IC50) 598.86±1.494 μg/mL and 595.08±0.995 μg/mL, respectively with L-ascorbic acid 6.56±0.069 μg/mL. The selected cream was formula adding combination slurry of K. alvarezii and S. plagyophyllum (1:1) 20% which had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50) and percent inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme (L-DOPA substrate and 6,000 μg/mL test concentration) 370.44±0.854 μg/mL and 26.139±0.984%, respectively. Cream preparations showed good homogeneity, stable against storage of various temperatures, cycling test, and mechanics with no phase separation and discoloration and pH value of cream fulfilling the pH range of human skin balances and Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Cream preparations did not show significant changes in viscosity value until 8 weeks with the thixotropic plastic rheology.
Determining the stock status of snapper (Lutjanus sp.) using surplus production model: a case study in Banyuasin coastal waters, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fauziyah  , Purwiyanto A I S , Agustriani F , Putri W A E , Ermatita  , Putra A
Published: December 2019

Snapper (Lutjanus sp.) is an economically important fish for local fishermen in Banyuasin coastal water of South Sumatra. However, the current and historical stock of this species is still unknown. This study was aimed to estimate the stock status of Lutjanus sp. in the Banyuasin coastal waters. The annual catch and effort data were analyzed from 2008 to 2016. The different surplus production models were tested to obtain the best-fitted model based on the sign suitability test, model performance test, and multiple criteria analysis. The results indicated that the best-fitted model for Lutjanus sp. was the Fox model. The model had the best value for the determination coefficient (R2 = 97.2%), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (-0.277), Mean Absolute Deviation (29.198), Mean Square Error (1,190.522), Root Mean Square Error (34.504), and RMSE-observations Standard Deviation Ratio (1.13), whereas the value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (0.05) was the second-best value. The optimum effort (Eopt), maximum sustainable catch (CMSY), and total allowable catch were 22.236 trips/year, 623 ton and 498 ton/year, respectively. Based on plotting the effort and exploitation level (141%; 102%) in 2016, the stock status of Lutjanus sp. indicated depleting stock, the high fishing pressure and could encourage overfishing stock in the future.
Application of foldable cube and cylinder fishing pot in Tuban Regency water
Authors: Alfiatunnisa N , Rachman F , Setyobudi E , Djumanto  , Djasmani S S
Published: December 2019

Fishing pot is an environmentally friendly fishing gear that has been used by fishermen in Indonesia with all kinds of shapes and sizes. This study aimed to determine the composition of the catches using a modified cube folding trap and tube folding trap, as well as provide design information material to develop environmentally-friendly fishing gear. The research was conducted in Socorejo Village, Jenu District, Tuban Regency, East Java, in October-December 2018. The method of this research used experimental fishing with 30 units of cube folding trap and 30 units of tube folding trap. Traps were operated long lines at 10 different coordinate points and the results were analyzed further using the T-test with 95% of confidence level. The catch composition of cube and tube folding traps shows the largest catches in percentage are swimmer crab as much 65% and 57%. The value of catches composition cube and tube folding trap is 0.169 and 0.227 which indicate that cube folding trap is more selective. Based on the results of T-test, total and weight of the catches between cube and tube folding trap show no significant difference. The results conclude that the cube folding trap is more effective with more catches.