bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological analysis of hepatic immune-related adverse events in comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and graft-versus host disease
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Watanabe Tomohiro , Kudo Masatoshi , Minaga Kosuke , Komeda Yoriaki , Kamata Ken , Kimura Masatomo , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Ueshima Kazuomi , Minami Yasunori , Aoki Tomoko , Takita Masahiro , Morita Masahiro , Cishina Hirokazu , Ida Hiroshi , Park Ah-Mee , Nishida Naoshi
Published: April 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are widely used to treat advanced metastatic cancers. Neutralisation of PD-1 or CTLA-4 by ICIs results in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The clinicopathological features of twelve patients with hepatic irAEs were evaluated and compared to those of ten patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). No significant difference was seen in serum levels of transaminases, whereas serum levels of IgG and anti-nuclear antibody were higher in patients with AIH than in those with GVHD or hepatic irAEs. Inflammation was limited to the liver lobes in patients with GVHD or hepatic irAEs, whereas patients with AIH exhibited both portal and lobular inflammation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a predominant infiltration of CD8+ T cells and defective accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) in the lobular areas of patients with hepatic irAEs and GVHD. In contrast, periportal lesions of patients with AIH were characterised by an infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and FOXP3+ Tregs. Overall, the activation of CD8+ T cells in the absence of activation of Tregs potentially underlies the immunopathogenesis of hepatic irAEs.
Improved chondrogenic performance with protective tracheal design of Chitosan membrane surrounding 3D-printed trachea
Authors: Kim Hyeonji , Lee Jae Yeon , Han Hyeonseok , Cho Won-Woo , Han Hohyeon , Choi Andrew , Hong Hyeonjun , Kim Jae Yun , Park Jeong Hun , Park Sun Hwa , Kim Sung Won , Kim Dong Sung , Cho Dong-Woo
Published: April 2021

In recent tracheal tissue engineering, limitations in cartilage reconstruction, caused by immature delivery of chondrocyte-laden components, have been reported beyond the complete epithelialization and integration of the tracheal substitutes with the host tissue. In an attempt to overcome such limitations, this article introduces a protective design of tissue-engineered trachea (TraCHIM) composed of a chitosan-based nanofiber membrane (CHIM) and a 3D-printed biotracheal construct. The CHIM was created from chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) using an electrospinning process. Upon addition of chitosan to PCL, the diameter of electrospun fibers became thinner, allowing them to be stacked more closely, thereby improving its mechanical properties. Chitosan also enhances the hydrophilicity of the membranes, preventing them from slipping and delaminating over the cell-laden bioink of the biotracheal graft, as well as protecting the construct. Two weeks after implantation in Sprague–Dawley male rats, the group with the TraCHIM exhibited a higher number of chondrocytes, with enhanced chondrogenic performance, than the control group without the membrane. This study successfully demonstrates enhanced chondrogenic performance of TraCHIM in vivo. The protective design of TraCHIM opens a new avenue in engineered tissue research, which requires faster tissue formation from 3D biodegradable materials, to achieve complete replacement of diseased tissue.
A modified clot-based assay to measure negatively charged procoagulant phospholipids
Authors: Ramberg Cathrine , Jamaly S. , Latysheva N. , Wilsgård L. , Sovershaev T. , Snir O. , Hansen J.-B.
Published: April 2021

Growing evidence supports a role for extracellular vesicles (EVs) in haemostasis and thrombosis due to exposure of negatively charged procoagulant phospholipids (PPL). Current commercial PPL-dependent clotting assays use chemically phospholipid depleted plasma to measure PPL activity. The purpose of our study was to modify the PPL assay by substituting the chemically phospholipid depleted plasma with PPL depleted plasma obtained by ultracentrifugation This in order to get readily access to a sensitive and reliable assay to measure PPL activity in human plasma and cell supernatants. The performance of the assay was tested, including the influence of individual coagulation factors and postprandial lipoproteins and compared to a commercial PPL assay (STA-Procoag-PPL). The two PPL assays displayed similar sensitivity to exogenously added standardized phospholipids. The PPL activity measured by the modified assay strongly correlates with the results from the commercial assay. The intraday- and between-days coefficients of variation ranged from 2–4% depending on the PPL activity in the sample. The modified PPL assay was insensitive to postprandial lipoprotein levels in plasma, as well as to tissue factor (TF) positive EVs from stimulated whole blood. Our findings showed that the modified assay performed equal to the comparator, and was insensitive to postprandial lipoproteins and TF+ EVs.
Relationship between spinal structural damage on radiography and bone fragility on CT in ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: Fauny Marine , Verhoeven Frank , Allado Edem , Albuisson Eliane , Pinzano Astrid , Morizot Caroline , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle , Loeuille Damien
Published: April 2021

To evaluate whether the risk of bone fragility on computed tomography (CT) (scanographic bone attenuation coefficient of the first lumbar vertebra (SBAC-L1)) is associated with the severity of spine structural involvement (mSASSS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This retrospective study included AS patients, followed from 2009 to 2017, who fulfilled the New York criteria and who underwent thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT and radiography (spine, pelvis). The structural involvement was retained for mSASSS ≥ 2. The SBAC-L1 was measured in Hounsfield units (HU). A SBAC-L1 ≤ 145 HU was used to define patients at risk of vertebral fracture (VF). A total of 73 AS patients were included (mean age: 60.3 (± 10.7) years, 8 women (11%), mean disease duration: 24.6 years (± 13.9)). Sixty patients (82.2%) had a mSASSS ≥ 2 (mean score 20.7 (± 21.2)). The mean SBAC-L1 was 141.1 HU (± 45), 138.1 HU (± 44.8) and 154.8 HU (± 44.9) in the total, mSASSS ≥ 2 and mSASSS < 2 populations, respectively. Patients with bone bridges had lower SBAC-L1 than mSASSS ≥ 2 patients without ankylosis (p = 0.02) and more often SBAC-L1 ≤ 145 HU (73% vs 41.9%, p = 0.006). A SBAC-L1 ≤ 145 HU was not associated with structural spine involvement, but patients with bone bridges had significantly decreased SBAC-L1 and an increased probability of being under the fracture threshold.
Comparison of blood pressure values and expression of genes associated with hypertension in children before and after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Strojny Wojciech , Kwiecińska Kinga , Fijorek Kamil , Korostyński Michał , Piechota Marcin , Balwierz Walentyna , Skoczeń Szymon
Published: April 2021

Hypertension is a well-known late effect of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but no markers predicting its development are known. Our aim was to assess short-term blood pressure (BP) values and expressions of hypertension-associated genes as possible markers of hypertension in children treated with HCT. We measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), using both office procedure and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) in children before HCT and after a median of 6 months after HCT. We compared the results with two control groups, one of healthy children and another of children with simple obesity. We also performed microarray analysis of hypertension-associated genes in patients treated with HCT and children with obesity. We found no significant differences in SBP and DBP in patients before and after HCT. We found significant differences in expressions of certain genes in patients treated with HCT compared with children with obesity. We concluded that BP values in short-term follow-up after HCT do not seem to be useful predictors of hypertension as a late effect of HCT. However, over expressions of certain hypertension-associated genes might be used as markers of hypertension as a late effect of HCT if this is confirmed in larger long-term studies.
Track distance runners exhibit bilateral differences in the plantar fascia stiffness
Authors: Shiotani Hiroto , Yamashita Ryo , Mizokuchi Tomohiro , Sado Natsuki , Naito Munekazu , Kawakami Yasuo
Published: April 2021

Human steady-state locomotion modes are symmetrical, leading to symmetric mechanical function of human feet in general; however, track distance running in a counterclockwise direction exposes the runner’s feet to asymmetrical stress. This may induce asymmetrical adaptation in the runners’ foot arch functions, but this has not been experimentally tested. Here, we show that the plantar fascia (PF), a primary structure of the foot arch elasticity, is stiffer for the left than the right foot as a characteristic of runners, via a cross-sectional study on 10 track distance runners and 10 untrained individuals. Shear wave velocity (index of tissue stiffness: SWV) and thickness of PF and foot dimensions were compared between sides and groups. Runners showed higher PF SWV in their left (9.4 ± 1.0 m/s) than right (8.9 ± 0.9 m/s) feet, whereas untrained individuals showed no bilateral differences (8.5 ± 1.5 m/s and 8.6 ± 1.7 m/s, respectively). Additionally, runners showed higher left to right (L/R) ratio of PF SWV than untrained men (105.1% and 97.7%, respectively). PF thickness and foot dimensions were not significantly different between sides or groups. These results demonstrate stiffer PF in the left feet of runners, which may reflect adaptation to their running-specific training that involves asymmetrical mechanical loading.
Publisher Correction: Impact of a recolonizing, cross-border carnivore population on ungulate harvest in Scandinavia
Authors: Wikenros Camilla , Sand Håkan , Månsson Johan , Maartmann Erling , Eriksen Ane , Wabakken Petter , Zimmermann Barbara
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Short-channel mesoporous SBA-15 silica modified by aluminum grafting as a support for CoRu Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts
Authors: Mohammadnasabomran Sophia , Márquez-Álvarez Carlos , Pérez-Pariente Joaquín , Martínez Agustín
Published: April 2021

Highly ordered short-channel mesoporous silica SBA-15 with large pores (11.2 nm) was synthesized from tetramethyl orthosilicate, using the block copolymer Pluronic PE-10400 as structure-directing agent, and triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent.
Emerging investigator series: a multispecies analysis of the relationship between oxygen content and toxicity in graphene oxide
Authors: Barrios Ana C. , Cahue Yaritza P. , Wang Yan , Geiger Jason , Puerari Rodrigo C. , Matias William Gerson , Melegari Silvia Pedroso , Gilbertson Leanne M. , Perreault François
Published: April 2021

The relationship between oxygen content and toxicity in graphene oxide varies between species.
Chlorogenic acid supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia, relieves renal inflammation, and modulates intestinal homeostasis
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Zhang Bowei , Zhao Xiuli , Lin Yongxi , Wang Jin , Wang Xiaowen , Hu Nan , Wang Shuo
Published: April 2021

Chlorogenic acid alleviates hyperuricemia by reducing uric acid synthesis in the liver and promoting uric acid excretion from kidneys and intestine, and it also relieves renal inflammation and regulates intestinal homeostasis.
Lanthanide-porphyrin species as Kondo irreversible switches through tip-induced coordination chemistry
Authors: Cirera B. , Gallego J. M. , Martínez J. I. , Miranda R. , Écija D.
Published: April 2021

This work reports the in-situ design of premetallated dysprosium porphyrin complexes (Dy-2H-4FTPP) on Au(111), whose Kondo resonance can be switched off with atomic precision by sequential transformation into partially and fully metallated species.
Hot carriers in graphene – fundamentals and applications
Authors: Massicotte Mathieu , Soavi Giancarlo , Principi Alessandro , Tielrooij Klaas-Jan
Published: April 2021

Hot charge carriers in graphene exhibit fascinating physical phenomena and have great promise for exciting optoelectronic applications. The current understanding of the relevant fundamental physics and the most promising applications are reviewed.
Accelerating high-throughput virtual screening through molecular pool-based active learning
Authors: Graff David E. , Shakhnovich Eugene I. , Coley Connor W.
Published: April 2021

Bayesian optimization can accelerate structure-based virtual screening campaigns by minimizing the total number of simulations performed while still identifying the vast majority of computational hits.
Monitoring of metal phytofiltration performance by micro-XRF methodology
Authors: Sbarato Viviana M. , Falchini Gisele E. , Sánchez Héctor J. , Perez Roberto D.
Published: April 2021

In this work, micro-XRF was considered as a possible technique for monitoring the rate of incorporation of Cu and Zn into aquatic plants of a laboratory-scale phytofiltration system.
Multinuclear transition metal-containing polyoxometalates constructed from Nb/W mixed-addendum precursors: synthesis, structures and catalytic performance
Authors: Xiao Wanru , Li Shujun , Zhao Yue , Ma Yubin , Li Na , Zhang Jie , Chen Xuenian
Published: April 2021

Four TM-containing polyoxometalates were isolated by the self-assembly of {P2W15Nb3O62} and TM ions, and they can serve as efficient catalysts for cyanosilylation.
Emerging investigator series: toward the ultimate limit of seawater desalination with mesopelagic open reverse osmosis
Authors: Lin Shihong , Veerapaneni Srinivas
Published: April 2021

Operating reverse osmosis (RO) in the mesopelagic zone (i.e., a few hundred meters under the ocean surface) with open modules can potentially reduce the energy consumption of seawater desalination by over 50% to approach the thermodynamic limit.
Enhancement of propane combustion activity over CoOx catalysts by introducing C2–C5 diols
Authors: Liu Zhao , Cheng Lijun , Zhangxue Shiyun , Huang Min , Zeng Jia , Yuan Shanliang , Bo Qifei , Zhang Biao , Jiang Yi
Published: April 2021

C2–C5 diols effectively promote the degradation of propane by weakening the Co–O bond strength of CoOx.
Thickness-modulated lateral MoS2 diodes with sub-terahertz cutoff frequency
Authors: Askar Abdelrahman M. , Saeed Mohamed , Hamed Ahmed , Negra Renato , Adachi Michael M.
Published: April 2021

Thickness-modulated lateral MoS2 diodes with an extracted benchmark cutoff frequency (fc) of up to 126 GHz are implemented and fully characterised.
An electrically switchable anti-ferroelectric bilayer In2Se3 based opto-spintronic device
Authors: Yang Yaqing , Zhang Liwen , Chen Jun , Zheng Xiaohong , Zhang Lei , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: April 2021

The spin dependent photocurrent can be generated via the photogalvanic effect and largely tuned in an anti-ferroelectric bilayer In2Se3 based opto-spintronic device.
Enhancing multiphoton upconversion emissions through confined energy migration in lanthanide-doped Cs2NaYF6 nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhou Chang , Tu Datao , Han Siyuan , Zhang Peng , Wang Luping , Yu Shaohua , Xu Jin , Li Renfu , Chen Xueyuan
Published: April 2021

By virtue of the two-dimensional-like structure of Cs2NaYF6, we achieve efficient UV, red and green upconversion emissions of Tm3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ in core-only Cs2NaYF6:Yb/Tm, Cs2NaYF6:Yb/Tm/Gd/Eu and Cs2NaYF6:Yb/Tm/Gd/Tb nanoplatelets, respectively.
Synthesis and characterizations of natural limestone-derived nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp): a comparison study of different metals doped HAps on antibacterial activity
Authors: Sinulingga Karya , Sirait Makmur , Siregar Nurdin , Abdullah Hairus
Published: April 2021

Antibacterial activities of different metal ion doped HAp towards (a) E. coli and (b) S. aureus bacteria.
Directional growth of octacalcium phosphate using micro-flow reactor mixing and subsequent aging
Authors: Saengdet Ploypailin (Milin) , Ogawa Makoto
Published: April 2021

Well-defined octacalcium phosphate particles with varied size and aspect ratio were prepared by a micro-flow reactor mixing and subsequent aging in different temperature and aging time.
Absorption and desorption of hydrogen in Ti1.02Cr1.1Mn0.3Fe0.6RE0.03: experiments, characterization and analytical interpretation using statistical physics treatment
Authors: Aouaini Fatma , Bouazizi Nadia , Almoneef Maha M. , Al-Ghamdi Hanan , Ben Lamine Abdelmottaleb
Published: April 2021

XRD patterns of Ti1.02Cr1.1Mn0.3Fe0.6RE0.03 alloys.
Oxygen reduction reaction activity of an iron phthalocyanine/graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Irisa Kenichiro , Hatakeyama Kazuto , Yoshimoto Soichiro , Koinuma Michio , Ida Shintaro
Published: April 2021

We demonstrate from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints that an iron phthalocyanine/graphene oxide nanocomposite directly synthesized on electrode exhibits high ORR activity.
Catalytic wet peroxide degradation of acrylonitrile wastewater by ordered mesoporous Ag/CeO2: synthesis, performance and kinetics
Authors: Zhao Guozheng , Liang Hui , Xu Hongzhu , Li Changbo , Tan Qingwei , Zhang Daihang
Published: April 2021

Ordered mesoporous Ag/CeO2 catalysts have been successfully synthesized by a microwave assisted soft template method.
Preparation and dye adsorption properties of an oxygen-rich porous organic polymer
Authors: Yang Guang , Gao Huimin , Li Qingyin , Ren Shijie
Published: April 2021

An oxygen-rich porous polymer containing polar carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, POP-O, was prepared, and the combination of abundant polar functional groups and high porosity endows POP-O with decent dye adsorption performance.
Boosting charge separation and nitrogen vacancies in graphitic carbon nitride by implanted strontium vanadate for highly efficient photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium
Authors: Zhou Yuzhi , Kang Shi-Zhao , Qin Lixia , Li Xiangqing
Published: April 2021

A well-dispersed strontium vanadate implanted into graphitic carbon nitride showed excellent photocatalytic activity for Cr(vi) reduction. The improved charge separation owing to more nitrogen vacancies was the main reason for its enhanced activity.
All near-infrared multiparametric luminescence thermometry using Er3+, Yb3+-doped YAG nanoparticles
Authors: Periša Jovana , Ristić Zoran , Piotrowski Wojciech , Antić Željka , Marciniak Lukasz , Dramićanin Miroslav D.
Published: April 2021

Four completely new NIR luminescence temperature readouts in the second and third biological windows are demonstrated with YAG:Er3+, Yb3+ nanoparticles.
In silico identification of potential SARS COV-2 2′-O-methyltransferase inhibitor: fragment-based screening approach and MM-PBSA calculations
Authors: El Hassab Mahmoud A. , Ibrahim Tamer M. , Shoun Aly A. , Al-Rashood Sara T. , Alkahtani Hamad M. , Alharbi Amal , Eskandrani Razan O. , Eldehna Wagdy M.
Published: April 2021

The identification of AP-20 as a potential SARS COV-2 2′-O-methyltransferase inhibitor: fragment-based screening approach and MM-PBSA calculations.
Copper-catalyzed transformation of alkyl nitriles to N-arylacetamide using diaryliodonium salts
Authors: Sallio Romain , Payard Pierre-Adrien , Pakulski Paweł , Diachenko Iryna , Fabre Indira , Berteina-Raboin Sabine , Colas Cyril , Ciofini Ilaria , Grimaud Laurence , Gillaizeau Isabelle
Published: April 2021

In this study, a simple and efficient method for the copper-catalyzed redox-neutral transformation of alkyl nitriles using eco-friendly diaryliodonium salts and leading to N-arylacetamides was investigated.
Novel construction of carbon nanofiber/CuCrO2 composite for selective determination of 4-nitrophenol in environmental samples and for supercapacitor application
Authors: Sakthinathan Subramanian , Rajakumaran Ramachandran , Keyan Arjunan Karthi , Yu Chung-Lun , Wu Chia-Fang , Vinothini Sivaramakrishnan , Chen Shen-Ming , Chiu Te-Wei
Published: April 2021

A simple hydrothermal process has been used to prepare a carbon nanofiber/copper chromium dioxide (CNF/CuCrO2) composite for the selective detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and supercapacitor applications.
The non-adiabatic nanoreactor: towards the automated discovery of photochemistry
Authors: Pieri Elisa , Lahana Dean , Chang Alexander M. , Aldaz Cody R. , Thompson Keiran C. , Martínez Todd J.
Published: April 2021

The nonadiabatic nanoreactor is a tool for automated photochemical reaction discovery that extensively explores intersection seams and links conical intersections to photoproduct distributions.
Phosphorus Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy detects non-covalent interactions of phosphate biomolecules in situ
Authors: Mathe Zachary , McCubbin Stepanic Olivia , Peredkov Sergey , DeBeer Serena
Published: April 2021

Phosphorus X-ray emission spectroscopy probes non-covalent interactions and electronic structure of phosphate biomolecules in both solid and solution samples.
Anticancer gold(iii)-bisphosphine complex alters the mitochondrial electron transport chain to induce in vivo tumor inhibition
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Ofori Samuel , Parkin Sean , Vekaria Hemendra , Sullivan Patrick G. , Awuah Samuel G.
Published: April 2021

Expanding the chemical diversity of metal complexes provides a robust platform to generate functional bioactive reagents.
Anomalous structural dynamics of minimally frustrated residues in cardiac troponin C triggers hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marques Mayra A. , Landim-Vieira Maicon , Moraes Adolfo H. , Sun Bin , Johnston Jamie R. , Dieseldorff Jones Karissa M. , Cino Elio A. , Parvatiyar Michelle S. , Valera Isela C. , Silva Jerson L. , Galkin Vitold E. , Chase P. Bryant , Kekenes-Huskey Peter M. , de Oliveira Guilherme A. P. , Pinto Jose Renato
Published: April 2021

Cardiac TnC (cTnC) is highly conserved among mammals, and genetic variants can result in disease by perturbing Ca2+-regulation of myocardial contraction.
Heterogeneous structured tough conductive gel fibres for stable and high-performance wearable strain sensors
Authors: Chen Tao , Wei Peiling , Chen Guoyin , Liu Hongmei , Mugaanire Innocent T. , Hou Kai , Zhu Meifang
Published: April 2021

Heterogeneous structured tough conductive gel fibres were constructed for stable and high-performance wearable strain sensors even underwater.
Characterizing and correcting the proper motion bias of the bright Gaia EDR3 sources
Authors: Cantat-Gaudin Tristan , Brandt Timothy D.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we characterize magnitude-dependent systematics in the proper motions of the Gaia EDR3 catalog and provide a prescription for their removal. The reference frame of bright stars (G ≲ 13) in EDR3 is known to rotate with respect to extragalactic objects, but this rotation has proven difficult to characterize and correct. We employ a sample of binary stars and a sample of open cluster members to characterize this proper motion bias as a magnitude-dependent spin of the reference frame. We show that the bias varies with G magnitude, reaching up to 80 μas yr−1 for sources in the range G = 11–13, several times the formal EDR3 proper motion uncertainties. We also show evidence for an additional dependence on the color of the source, with a magnitude up to ~10 μas yr−1. However, a color correction proportional to the effective wavenumber is unsatisfactory for very red or very blue stars, and we do not recommend its use. We provide a recipe for a magnitude-dependent correction to align the proper motion of the Gaia EDR3 sources brighter than G = 13 with the International Celestial Reference Frame.
Prix Nobel de Médecine 2016 : Autophagie
Authors: Ohsumi Yoshinori
Published: April 2021

Au moment où nous apportions la dernière main à un numéro thématique « Autophagie », sous la direction de Patrice Codogno, nous apprenons que le Prix Nobel de médecine 2016 a été décerné au Japonais Yoshinori Ohsumi pour ses travaux sur l’autophagie.

Yoshinori Ohsumi est né le 9 février 1945 à Fukuoka (Japon). Il obtient un Ph.D. à l’université de Tokyo en 1974. Après 3 ans (1974-1977) à l’Université Rockefeller de New York, il revient à l’université de Tokyo où il crée son unité de recherche en 1988. Depuis 2009, il est professeur à l’Institut de technologie de Tokyo.
A review of the techniques used to characterize laser sintering of polymeric powders for use and re-use in additive manufacturing
Authors: Mwania Fredrick Mulinge , Maringa Maina , van der Walt Jacobus G.
Published: April 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM), is one of the key components of the 4th industrial revolution. Polymer laser sintering (PLS) is a subset of AM that is commonly used to process polymers, and which achieves good surface finish, good mechanical properties of finished products and for which there is no need for support structures. However, the requirements for polymeric powder for PLS are strident. Moreover, PLS subjects polymeric feed powders to high temperatures that lead to degradation of their thermal, rheological, and physical properties and is thus an impediment to their recyclability. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the degree of polymer degradation or aging before re-using the material. This paper reviews the common techniques that are employed to characterize the suitability of polymeric powders for use and re-use in the PLS process. These include, but are not limited to, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser diffraction analysis, gas pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and melt flow index (MFI) testing.
Sonografisch assistierte venöse Thrombektomie im ersten Trimenon – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Hummel Thomas , Strohmann Barbara , Falkenstein Thomas , Stücker Markus , Mumme Achim , Mühlberger Dominic
Published: April 2021

Es wird der Fall einer Patientin in der 12. Schwangerschaftswoche (SSW) mit einer deszendierenden 4-Etagen-Thrombose, welche unter konservativen stationären Maßnahmen einen Progress des Befundes erlitten hat, vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die Patientin und ihr Ehemann hatten sich trotz erhöhten Risikos für den Fötus für eine operative Rekanalisation entschieden. Die venöse Thrombektomie wurde sonografisch assistiert, ohne Anlage einer AV-Fistel, durchgeführt. Die bei Schwangeren eingeschränkten diagnostischen Möglichkeiten und Einflussfaktoren für eine Risikoevaluation für Mutter und Kind werden dargestellt.
PD-1-Inhibitoren effektiv beim kutanen Plattenepithelkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2021

In einer beim ADO 2020 präsentierten retrospektiven Studie wurden die Daten von 46 Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem kutanem Plattenepithelkarzinom (SCLC) ausgewertet, die an 6 deutschen Krebszentren eine Therapie mit Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab oder Cemiplimab erhielten.
Neue Therapieoptionen für Nierenzell- und Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2021

Für die Behandlung des Nierenzellkarzinoms (RCC) hat sich das Portfolio an verfügbaren Therapien in den letzten Jahren stark erweitert. Für das papilläre RCC wurde von der Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) eine vergleichende Phase-II-Studie zu möglichen Therapieoptionen durchgeführt. Die TIVO-3-Studie schaffte nun Evidenz für den Einsatz von Tivozanib in der 3. und 4. Linie beim klarzelligen RCC. Ergebnisse wurden beim ASCO-GU 2021 präsentiert.
Iron-Catalyzed Stereoselective Allylboration of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolines with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Fang Yong , Hu Xiaoling , Luo Yunfei , Shi Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Xu , Gopireddy Raveendra Reddy
Published: April 2021

An iron-catalyzed allyation of isoquinoline with potassium allyltrifluoroborate is described. The operation of this reaction is very simple and highly practical. The diastereoisomer having two adjacent chiral centers were obtained in single anti-configuration.
Nosocomial Infections in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Hospital-Based Study from North India
Authors: Koul Ajaz , Sheikh Arif , Bhat Sajad , Ahad Abrar , Qadir Ruhail , Khurseed Nayl , Kamil Raja
Published: April 2021

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major global health concern, it being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young adults. Infections acquired in the hospital setting are one of many risk factors that are associated with higher mortality in this population. Despite significant impact on the overall outcome, infections in TBI patients are largely understudied and underreported. The purpose of this study was to study the profile of infectious complications in patients with TBI and impact of these infections on the hospital outcome of these patients.

Materials and Methods The medical records of all the patients with a diagnosis of TBI admitted in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were reviewed. They were screened for presence of any predefined infection acquired at any time during their hospital stay. Data regarding demographics, focus of infection, results of various cultures, and hospital outcome was recorded.

Results A total of 60 patients with TBI who had developed nosocomial infections were included in this observational study. Patients were mostly young, with a mean age of 36.6 years. Majority (66.6%) of patients who developed infectious complications had Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of less than 10. Respiratory tract and urinary tract were the most common sites of infections in these patients. Burkholderia cepecia and Acinetobacter baumannii were the two most common isolated organisms. All-cause mortality in this population was 23.3%.

Conclusions Most TBI patients are young, in their productive period of lives, and do not have major comorbidities. Invariably, they have low GCS scores and encounter a breach of their surface immunity due to catheters, procedures, and intubation. Such patients make an extremely significant impact on hospital resources as well as poor economic outcomes.
Drug Alert Experience and Salience during Medical Residency at Two Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Gadhiya Kinjal , Zamora Edgar , Saiyed Salim M. , Friedlander David , Kaelber David C.
Published: April 2021

Background Drug alerts are clinical decision support tools intended to prevent medication misadministration. In teaching hospitals, residents encounter the majority of the drug alerts while learning under variable workloads and responsibilities that may have an impact on drug-alert response rates.

Objectives This study was aimed to explore drug-alert experience and salience among postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1), postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2), and postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) internal medicine resident physicians at two different institutions.

Methods Drug-alert information was queried from the electronic health record (EHR) for 47 internal medicine residents at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (UPMC) Pinnacle in Pennsylvania, and 79 internal medicine residents at the MetroHealth System (MHS) in Ohio from December 2018 through February 2019. Salience was defined as the percentage of drug alerts resulting in removal or modification of the triggering order. Comparisons were made across institutions, residency training year, and alert burden.

Results A total of 126 residents were exposed to 52,624 alerts over a 3-month period. UPMC Pinnacle had 15,574 alerts with 47 residents and MHS had 37,050 alerts with 79 residents. At MHS, salience was 8.6% which was lower than UPMC Pinnacle with 15%. The relatively lower salience (42% lower) at MHS corresponded to a greater number of alerts-per-resident (41% higher) compared with UPMC Pinnacle. Overall, salience was 11.6% for PGY-1, 10.5% for PGY-2, and 8.9% for PGY-3 residents.

Conclusion Our results are suggestive of long-term drug-alert desensitization during progressive residency training. A higher number of alerts-per-resident correlating with a lower salience suggests alert fatigue; however, other factors should also be considered including differences in workload and culture.
Overqualification as misrecognition
Authors: Clavero Sergio R.
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to examine the phenomenon of overqualification by confronting two distinct notions surrounding what constitutes a praiseworthy achievement. On the one hand, the model that operatesde factoin the contemporary labor market understands the notion of achievement in instrumental, competitive and individual terms. On the other hand, another model, which lays the foundation for workers’demandsfor recognition, is wider than the former one and considers workers’ qualifications as standalone achievements. In my view, the experience of overqualification as misrecognition is based on the huge and ever-increasing amount of effort and resources that individuals must invest into their education and training processes, as well as on the fact that social institutions publicly and explicitly regulate, encourage and promote these processes. I conclude with a brief analysis of the main structural cause of this mismatch between demanded and obtained recognition, namely, the system is unable to generate enough social esteem to proportionally recognize the capacities that the system itself pushes workers to develop.
Enhanced tunnel magnetoresistance in Mn-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions utilizing antiferromagnetically coupled bcc-Co-based interlayer
Authors: Suzuki Kazuya Z. , Ichinose Tomohiro , Iihama Satoshi , Monma Ren , Mizukami Shigemi
Published: April 2021

High tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) with tetragonal Mn-based electrodes is expected to play a key role in the realization of practical high-density magnetic memories, advanced THz devices, and magnetic sensors. In this study, we demonstrated the use of bcc-Co-based alloys, such as bcc-Co and bcc-CoMn binary alloys, as antiferromagnetically coupled interlayers for MnGa-based p-MTJs. The interlayer of bcc-Co enhanced the TMR ratio of MnGa-based MTJs by 70% at 300 K and 145% at 10 K. Furthermore, the TMR ratio of the MTJ with the bcc-CoMn interlayer was enhanced up to 85 (209)% at 300 (10) K at a thickness of 0.8 nm. The enhancement in the TMRs can be attributed to the electronic band with the Δ1 symmetry of the bcc-Co-based alloy. In addition, the Co-based interlayer supported the growth of a high-quality MgO barrier sufficient for sustaining the coherency of the tunnel electrons from the Bloch state in the ferromagnetic electrode. These results suggest that bcc-Co-based interlayers are promising interlayer materials for MnGa-based p-MTJs.
Computing the frequency fluctuation dynamics of highly coupled vibrational transitions using neural networks
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliu , Chen Xiaobing , Kuroda Daniel G.
Published: April 2021

The description of frequency fluctuations for highly coupled vibrational transitions has been a challenging problem in physical chemistry. In particular, the complexity of their vibrational Hamiltonian does not allow us to directly derive the time evolution of vibrational frequencies for these systems. In this paper, we present a new approach to this problem by exploiting the artificial neural network to describe the vibrational frequencies without relying on the deconstruction of the vibrational Hamiltonian. To this end, we first explored the use of the methodology to predict the frequency fluctuations of the amide I mode of N-methylacetamide in water. The results show good performance compared with the previous experimental and theoretical results. In the second part, the neural network approach is used to investigate the frequency fluctuations of the highly coupled carbonyl stretch modes for the organic carbonates in the solvation shell of the lithium ion. In this case, the frequency fluctuation predicted by the neural networks shows a good agreement with the experimental results, which suggests that this model can be used to describe the dynamics of the frequency in highly coupled transitions.
On the time-dependent electrolyte Seebeck effect
Authors: Sehnem André Luiz , Janssen Mathijs
Published: April 2021

Single-ion Soret coefficients αi characterize the tendency of ions in an electrolyte solution to move in a thermal gradient. When these coefficients differ between cations and anions, an electric field can be generated. For this so-called electrolyte Seebeck effect to occur, different thermodiffusive fluxes need to be blocked by boundaries—electrodes, for example. Local charge neutrality is then broken in the Debye-length vicinity of the electrodes. Confusingly, many authors point to these regions as the source of the thermoelectric field yet ignore them in derivations of the time-dependent Seebeck coefficient S(t), giving a false impression that the electrolyte Seebeck effect is purely a bulk phenomenon. Without enforcing local electroneutrality, we derive S(t) generated by a binary electrolyte with arbitrary ionic valencies subject to a time-dependent thermal gradient. Next, we experimentally measure S(t) for five acids, bases, and salts near titanium electrodes. For the steady state, we find S ≈ 2 mV K−1 for many electrolytes, roughly one order of magnitude larger than the predictions based on literature αi. We fit our expression for S(t) to the experimental data, treating the αi as fit parameters, and also find larger-than-literature values, accordingly.
Modeling laser-driven ion acceleration with deep learning
Authors: Djordjević B. Z. , Kemp A. J. , Kim J. , Simpson R. A. , Wilks S. C. , Ma T. , Mariscal D. A.
Published: April 2021

Developments in machine learning promise to ameliorate some of the challenges of modeling complex physical systems through neural-network-based surrogate models. High-intensity, short-pulse lasers can be used to accelerate ions to mega-electronvolt energies, but to model such interactions requires computationally expensive techniques such as particle-in-cell simulations. Multilayer neural networks allow one to take a relatively sparse ensemble of simulations and generate a surrogate model that can be used to rapidly search the parameter space of interest. In this work, we created an ensemble of over 1,000 simulations modeling laser-driven ion acceleration and developed a surrogate to study the resulting parameter space. A neural-network-based approach allows for rapid feature discovery not possible for traditional parameter scans given the computational cost. A notable observation made during this study was the dependence of ion energy on the pre-plasma gradient length scale. While this methodology harbors great promise for ion acceleration, it has ready application to all topics in which large-scale parameter scans are restricted by significant computational cost or relatively large, but sparse, domains.
On the forced oscillations in a precessing open cylindrical channel
Authors: Alshoufi H. E.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, theoretical and experimental results of the forced oscillations in an open precessed cylindrical channel are reported. The theoretical part treats the problem using a linear inviscid irrotational approximation, where different inertial modes, such as resonance ones, are presented. A real-channel flume model was constructed for the experimental part, where three different control parameters were considered: the nutation angle, the rotation rate, and the average water depth. The experiments focused on tracking the different responses toward the provided forces to the system with comparison with the assumed theory where this was possible, as other nonlinear aspects appeared. The experimental observations were tracked using a charge-coupled device sensor type camera, which enabled the extraction of both quantitative and qualitative results. The measurement of the azimuthal velocity involved the use of an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, an approach that closely aligned with the theoretical linear model; this measured velocity was also compared with the three different control parameters. The system shows instabilities in the form of resonance collapse and triadic resonance; in addition, an experimental diagram involving variation in both Reynolds and Rossby numbers is provided.
Frequency-dependent specific heat in quantum supercooled liquids: A mode-coupling study
Authors: Das Ankita , Rabani Eran , Miyazaki Kunimasa , Harbola Upendra
Published: April 2021

Frequency-dependence of specific heat in supercooled hard sphere liquid is computed using quantum mode-coupling theory (QMCT). Mode-coupling equations are solved using a recently proposed perturbative method that allows us to study relaxation in the moderate quantum regime where quantum effects assist liquid to glass transition. Zwanzig’s formulation is used to compute the frequency-dependent specific heat in the supercooled state using dynamical information from QMCT. Specific heat shows strong variation as the quantumness of the liquid is changed, which becomes more significant as density is increased. It is found that, near the transition point, different dynamical modes contribute to specific heat in classical and quantum liquids.
Rheology and morphology of Pluronic F68 in water
Authors: Costanzo Salvatore , Di Sarno Alfonso , D'Apuzzo Marina , Avallone Pietro Renato , Raccone Ernesto , Bellissimo Annalisa , Auriemma Finizia , Grizzuti Nino , Pasquino Rossana
Published: April 2021

We investigated the morphological transitions of aqueous solutions of Pluronic F68 induced by temperature and polymer concentration by means of rheological and x-ray measurements. We adopted a rheological method to evaluate the characteristic equilibrium temperatures associated with the transition from unimers to spherical micelles and from disordered spherical micelles to a body-centered cubic phase. We used the transition temperatures to build the phase diagram water/F68. Based on a paracrystalline model for hard spheres, we extracted the characteristic size of the micellar core as a function of temperature from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) data. We compared the microstructural information obtained via SAXS with the rheological response, and we developed a consistent link between the microstructural evolution of the system and the macroscopic flow properties.
Caspase inhibition prolongs inflammation by promoting a signaling complex with activated RIPK1
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Tan Shuixia , Li Yanxia , Cao Shuangyi , Li Xingyan , Pan Heling , Shan Bing , Qian Lihui , Yuan Junying
Published: April 2021

Activation of inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important innate immune response. Here we investigated the contribution of caspases to the LPS-mediated inflammatory response and discovered distinctive temporal roles of RIPK1 in mediating proinflammatory cytokine production when caspases are inhibited. We propose a biphasic model that differentiates the role of RIPK1 in early versus late phase. The early production of proinflammation cytokines stimulated by LPS with caspase inhibition is mediated by the NF-κB pathway that requires the scaffold function of RIPK1 but is kinase independent. Autocrine production of TNFα in the late phase promotes the formation of a novel TNFR1-associated complex with activated RIPK1, FADD, caspase-8, and key mediators of NF-κB signaling. The production of proinflammatory cytokines in the late phase can be blocked by RIPK1 kinase inhibitor Nec-1s. Our study demonstrates a mechanism by which the activation of RIPK1 promotes its own scaffold function to regulate the NF-κB–mediated proinflammatory cytokine production that is negatively regulated by caspases to restrain inflammatory signaling.
Three experiments on the Einstein’s lift
Authors: Marzari A , Rosi Tommaso , Onorato P
Published: April 2021

We propose a didactic model of Einstein's lift used to show the physics in a freefalling frame of reference. We discuss three experiments in Einstein's lift: the spring-mass system, the two repelling magnets system and the pendulum oscillations in free fall. Measurements are carried out through analysing videos acquired using a digital camera by means of open-access video analysis software which allows to describe the motion in both the inertial and moving frames of reference. We also show some videos edited with the software Adobe After Effects which enable us to see what happens in a freefalling frame of reference, and a video acquired by a GoPro camera falling integral with the lift. The topic, the accessibility of the experiments and the level of analysis are appropriate for an undergraduate classical mechanics course.
Undergraduate students’ reasoning about the quality of experimental measurements of covarying secondary data
Authors: van Kampen Paul , Gkioka Olga
Published: April 2021

We have investigated how first-year and second-year university students judge the quality of secondary experimental data consisting of measurements of covarying quantities, and to what extent they consider multiple measurements of covarying quantities as a single data set characterised by its mean and spread. Five cohorts of students at two universities participated in the study. They offered written responses to three open-ended questions. Individual follow-up interviews were conducted with fourteen students that were based on their previous written answers to understand their reasoning in more depth. A fine-grained analysis was undertaken to unpack students’ reasoning by grouping the criteria they used to judge the quality of the data into three broad categories: criteria independent of the data, criteria that based on the variation of the raw data, and criteria based on the variation of the derived quantity. We argue that responses in each category can be linked to different learning objectives. The students proposed various actions to increase the trustworthiness of the covarying data or a conclusion based on it. We have investigated to what extent decisions and proposed actions were consistent. Students generally showed a fragmented and primarily qualitative understanding of the concepts of mean, uncertainty, and line of best fit. Many students proposed to determine the value of a derived quantity by applying the equation relating it to the measurands to individual data points, all data points, or all data points except for outliers. Students appear to consider the best fit line as a tool for eliminating outliers, but much less frequently as a way to determine a derived quantity. We discuss implications for instructional practice and further research.
Numerical modelling of an enhanced perpendicular transport regime in the scrape-off layer of ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Zito A , Wischmeier M , Carralero D , Manz P , Paradela Pérez I , Passoni M
Published: April 2021

A desirable scenario for future fusion devices is one in which dissipative processes in the scrape-off layer (SOL) are maximized, aiming to detach the divertor plasma. The access to such a regime in current devices is thought to be correlated to the increase of the perpendicular particle transport in the SOL. In this work we investigated numerically how increasing perpendicular transport globally affects the SOL plasma through the SOLPS-ITER code package. For this we modelled one L-mode discharge, performed at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, trying to obtain the most accurate fit to the experimental data at the outer midplane. Studying the plasma solutions and analyzing the resulting momentum and power balances in the SOL allowed to characterize how enhancing perpendicular SOL transport leads to the experimentally observed phenomena, i.e. the formation of a density shoulder at the midplane and the partial detachment of the divertor plasma. The results suggest that strong momentum losses caused by the increase of transport are able to explain the qualitatively observed detachment in the modelled discharge. The concurrent enhanced ionization of neutrals resulting from divertor recycling, triggered by an increase of radial energy transport in the SOL, can be invoked as a cause for the shoulder formation.