bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silica sulfuric acid: a reusable solid catalyst for one pot synthesis of densely substituted pyrrole-fused isocoumarins under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Pathak Sudipta , Debnath Kamalesh , Pramanik Animesh
Published: November 2013

A convenient and efficient methodology for the synthesis of densely substituted pyrrole-fused isocoumarins, which employs solid-supported silica sulfuric acid (SSA) as catalyst, has been developed. When the mixture of ninhydrin adducts of acetylacetone/ethyl acetoacetate and primary amines was heated on the solid surface of SSA under solvent-free conditions, the pyrrole-fused isocoumarins were formed in good yields. This synthetic method has several advantages such as the employment of solvent-free reaction conditions without the use of any toxic reagents and metal catalysts, the ease of product isolation, the use of a recyclable catalyst, the low cost, the easy availability of the starting materials, and the excellent yields of products.
Le tourisme durable : les sept clés du succès
Authors: François-Lecompte Agnès , Prim-Allaz Isabelle , Durif Fabien
Published: November 2013

Le tourisme durable est un phénomène en pleine croissance qui ne touche plus seulement des destinations lointaines, mais également les pays industrialisés qui offrent de plus en plus d’activités touristiques dites durables. Si le développement durable fait partie depuis 2005 de la politique générale de Tourisme Québec, l’offre des acteurs touristiques est isolée, insuffisamment répertoriée et positionnée avec imprécision sur le plan du marketing. Quelle expérience touristique durable souhaite vivre le consommateur ? Quels sont les leviers d’adoption de ces nouvelles pratiques ? Comment mettre au point une offre répondant aux besoins des consommateurs ? Comment réussir dans ce secteur ? À partir d’analyses de la situation en France et au Québec, les auteurs proposent sept clés de succès pour élaborer une offre efficace d’activités touristiques durables.
Guidelines for Successful Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs) Implementation
Authors: Arifoglu Ali , Afacan Gülgün , Er Erkan
Published: November 2013

Keywords: Public Internet Access Points (PIAPs), digital divide, ICT services, e-transformation, e-government, telecenters, kiosk, mobile PIAP, multi-purpose PIAP, mini-PIAPs.
Autonomous Web Services Migration in Mobile and Wireless Environments
Authors: Kim Yeon-Seok , Park Myung-Woo , Lee Kyong-Ho
Published: November 2013

With the emergence of powerful mobile Internet devices such as smartphones, mobile devices are expected to play the role of service providers or even brokers, as well as clients. However, the frequent mobility of devices and the intermittent disconnection of mobile and wireless network may degrade the availability and reliability of services. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes an efficient method for migrating and replicating Web services among mobile devices. Specifically, the proposed method splits the source code of a Web service into subcodes depending on users’ preferences for its constituent operations. For the seamless provisioning of services, a subcode with a higher preference is migrated earlier than others. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the effect of the code splitting on migration was analyzed.
Unravelling the structure of First John: Exegetical analysis, Part 1
Authors: Bigalke Ron J.
Published: November 2013

Surveying commentaries and introductions to the Johannine epistles reveals a multiplicity of methodology with regard to the structure of the epistles. Proposals have generally emphasised characteristics of content (doctrine and paraenesis), style (antithesis and repetition) or outline divisions. If the intent of the author is connected to the structure of the text, commentaries and introductions may not adequately discern the authorial intent. The lack of agreement amongst commentators as to the division of the First Epistle of John has resulted in numerous interpretative conclusions. As a consequence of difficulty in ascertaining the structure of the text, interpretations are frequently formulated upon theological persuasions and historical reconstruction. The purpose of the article is to overcome such persuasions and reconstructions.
Distribution tactics for success in turbulent versus stable environments: A complexity theory approach
Authors: Mason Roger Bruce
Published: November 2013

This article proposes that the external environment influences the choice of distribution tactics. Since businesses and markets are complex adaptive systems, using complexity theory to understand such environments is necessary, but it has not been widely researched. A qualitative case method using in-depth interviews investigated four successful, versus less successful, companies in turbulent versus stable environments. The results tentatively confirmed that the more successful company, in a turbulent market, sees distribution activities as less important than other aspects of the marketing mix, but uses them to stabilise customer relationships and to maintain distribution processes. These findings can benefit marketers by emphasising a new way to consider place activities. How marketers can be assisted, and suggestions for further research, are provided.
Pathway Analysis of ChIP-Seq-Based NRF1 Target Genes Suggests a Logical Hypothesis of their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Satoh Jun-ichi , Kawana Natsuki , Yamamoto Yoji
Published: November 2013

Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) serves as a transcription factor that activates the expression of a wide range of nuclear genes essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including mitochondrial respiratory complex subunits, heme biosynthetic enzymes, and regulatory factors involved in the replication and transcription of mitochondrial DNA. Increasing evidence indicates that mitochondrial function is severely compromised in the brains of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. To identify the comprehensive set of human NRF1 target genes potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, we analyzed the NRF1 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) dataset retrieved from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project. Overall, we identified 2,470 highly stringent ChIP-Seq peaks on protein-coding genes in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells. They were accumulated in the proximal promoter regions with an existence of the NRF1-binding consensus sequence. The set of ChIP-Seq-based NRF1 target genes included known NRF1 targets such as EIF2S1, EIF2S2, CYCS, FMR1, FXR2, E2F6, CD47, and TOMM34. By pathway analysis, the molecules located in the core pathways related to mitochondrial respiratory function were determined to be highly enriched in NRF1 target genes. Furthermore, we found that NRF1 target genes play a pivotal role in regulation of extra-mitochondrial biological processes, including RNA metabolism, splicing, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, protein translation initiation, and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We identified a panel of neurodegenerative disease-related genes, such as PARK2 (Parkin), PARK6 (Pink1), PARK7 (DJ-1), and PAELR (GPR37) for Parkinson's disease, as well as PSENEN (Pen2) and MAPT (tau) for Alzheimer's disease, as previously unrecognized NRF1 targets. These results suggest a logical hypothesis that aberrant regulation of NRF1 and its targets might contribute to the pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative diseases via perturbation of diverse mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial functions.
Classification of Integral Modular Categories of Frobenius–Perron Dimension pq4 and p2q2
Authors: Bruillard Paul , Galindo Cásar , Hong Seung-Moon , Kashina Yevgenia , Naidu Deepak , Natale Sonia , Yael Plavnik Julia , Rowell Eric C.
Published: November 2013

We classify integral modular categories of dimension pq4 and p2q2, where p and q are distinct primes. We show that such categories are always group-theoretical, except for categories of dimension 4q2. In these cases there are well-known examples of non-group-theoretical categories, coming from centers of Tambara–Yamagami categories and quantum groups. We show that a non-grouptheoretical integral modular category of dimension 4q2 is either equivalent to one of these well-known examples or is of dimension 36 and is twist-equivalent to fusion categories arising froma certain quantum group.
A global tropospheric ozone climatology from trajectory-mapped ozone soundings
Authors: Liu G. , Liu J. , Tarasick D. W. , Fioletov V. E. , Jin J. J. , Moeini O. , Liu X. , Sioris C. E. , Osman M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. A global three-dimensional (i.e. latitude, longitude, altitude) climatology of tropospheric ozone is derived from the ozone sounding record by trajectory mapping. Approximately 52 000 ozonesonde profiles from more than 100 stations worldwide since 1965 are used. The small number of stations results in a sparse geographical distribution. Here, forward and backward trajectory calculations are performed for each sounding to map ozone measurements to a number of other locations, and so to fill in the spatial domain. This is possible because the lifetime of ozone in the troposphere is of the order of weeks. This physically based interpolation method offers obvious advantages over typical statistical interpolation methods. The trajectory-mapped ozone values show reasonable agreement, where they overlap, to the actual soundings, and the patterns produced separately by forward and backward trajectory calculations are similar. Major regional features of the tropospheric ozone distribution are clearly evident in the global maps. An interpolation algorithm based on spherical functions is further used for smoothing and to fill in remaining data gaps. The resulting three-dimensional global tropospheric ozone climatology facilitates visualization and comparison of different years, decades, and seasons, and offers some intriguing insights into the global variation of tropospheric ozone. It will be useful for climate and air quality model initialization and validation, and as an a priori climatology for satellite data retrievals. Further division of the climatology into decadal and annual averages can provide a global view of tropospheric ozone changes, although uncertainties with regard to the performance of older sonde types, as well as more recent variations in operating procedures, need to be taken into account.
The contribution of the strength and structure of extratropical cyclones to observed cloud–aerosol relationships
Authors: Grandey B. S. , Stier P. , Grainger R. G. , Wagner T. M.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Meteorological conditions may drive relationships between aerosol and cloud-related properties. It is important to account for the meteorological contribution to observed cloud–aerosol relationships in order to improve understanding of aerosol–cloud–climate interactions. A new method of investigating the contribution of meteorological covariation to observed cloud–aerosol relationships is introduced. Other studies have investigated the contribution of local meteorology to cloud–aerosol relationships. In this paper, a complimentary large-scale view is presented. Extratropical cyclones have been previously shown to affect satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (τ), due to enhanced emission of sea salt and sea surface brightness artefacts in regions of higher wind speed. Extratropical cyclones have also been shown to affect cloud-related properties such as cloud fraction (fc) and cloud top temperature (Ttop). Therefore, it seems plausible to hypothesise that extratropical cyclones may drive relationships between cloud-related properties and τ. In this paper, this hypothesis is investigated for extratropical cyclones, henceforth referred to as storms, over the Atlantic Ocean. MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieved τ, fc and Ttop data are analysed using a storm-centric coordinate system centred on extratropical cyclones which have been tracked using European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis 850 hPa relative vorticity data. The tracked relative vorticity (ω) is used as a measure of storm strength, while position in the storm-centric domain is used to account for storm structure. Relationships between the cloud-related properties and τ are measured by calculating regression slopes and correlations. The fc–τ relationships are positive, while the Ttop–τ relationships are negative. By shuffling the pairing of the cloud and τ data at each location in the storm-centric domain and within narrow ω bins, the contribution of storm strength and storm structure to the observed relationships can be investigated. It is found that storm strength and storm structure can explain only a small component of the relationships observed in the MODIS data. The primary causes for observed cloud–aerosol relationships are likely to be other factors such as retrieval errors, local meteorology or aerosol–cloud interactions.
Perturbations in relative humidity in the boundary layer represent a possible mechanism for the formation of small convective clouds
Authors: Hirsch E. , Koren I. , Altaratz O. , Levin Z. , Agassi E.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. An air parcel model was developed to study the formation of small convective clouds that appear under conditions of weak updraft and a strong thermal inversion layer above the clouds. Observations suggest that these clouds are characterized by a cloud base height far lower than the lifting condensation level. Considering such atmospheric conditions, the air parcel model shows that these clouds cannot be the result of classical thermals or plumes that are caused by perturbations in the temperature near the surface. We suggest that such clouds are the result of perturbations in the relative humidity of elevated air pockets. These results explain the existence of small clouds that standard methods fail to predict and shed light on processes related to the formation of convective clouds from the lowest end of the size distribution.
Depth-dependent molecular composition and photo-reactivity of dissolved organic matter in a boreal lake under winter and summer conditions
Authors: Gonsior M. , Schmitt-Kopplin P. , Bastviken D.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Transformations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in boreal lakes lead to large greenhouse gas emissions as well as substantial carbon storage in sediments. Using novel molecular characterization approaches and photochemical degradation experiments we studied how seasonal patterns in water column stratification affected the DOM in a Swedish lake under early spring and summer conditions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were consistently higher above the sediment when compared to surface waters throughout the sampling periods. Photobleaching alone could not explain this difference in DOC because the lake was covered by 40 cm-thick ice during late winter sampling and still showed the same DOC trend. The differences in the molecular diversity between surface DOM in winter and summer were consistent with ongoing photobleaching/decarboxylation and a possible bacterial consumption of photo-products. Additional photo-degradation experiments using simulated sunlight showed a production of highly oxidized organic molecules and low molecular weight compounds in all late winter samples and also in the deep water sample in summer. In the surface summer DOM sample, few such molecules were produced during the photo-degradation experiments, confirming that DOM was already photobleached prior to the experiments. This study suggests that photobleaching, and therefore also the ice cover during winter, plays a central role in surface DOM transformation, with important differences in the molecular composition of DOM between surface and deep boreal lake waters. The release of DOC from boreal lake sediments also contribute to this pattern. Photochemical degradation of DOM may be more extensive following ice-out and water column turnover when non-light exposed and thereby photosensitive DOM is photo-mineralized. Hence, the yearly DOM photo-mineralization may be greater than inferred from studies of recently light-exposed DOM.
Multiresolution quantification of deciduousness in West-Central African forests
Authors: Viennois G. , Barbier N. , Fabre I. , Couteron P.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. The characterization of leaf phenology in tropical forests is of major importance for forest typology as well as to improve our understanding of earth–atmosphere–climate interactions or biogeochemical cycles. The availability of satellite optical data with a high temporal resolution has permitted the identification of unexpected phenological cycles, particularly over the Amazon region. A primary issue in these studies is the relationship between the optical reflectance of pixels of 1 km or more in size and ground information of limited spatial extent. In this paper, we demonstrate that optical data with high to very-high spatial resolution can help bridge this scale gap by providing snapshots of the canopy that allow discernment of the leaf-phenological stage of trees and the proportions of leaved crowns within the canopy. We also propose applications for broad-scale forest characterization and mapping in West-Central Africa over an area of 141 000 km2. Eleven years of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data were averaged over the wet and dry seasons to provide a data set of optimal radiometric quality at a spatial resolution of 250 m. Sample areas covered at a very-high (GeoEye) and high (SPOT-5) spatial resolution were used to identify forest types and to quantify the proportion of leaved trees in the canopy. The dry-season EVI was positively correlated with the proportion of leaved trees in the canopy. This relationship allowed the conversion of EVI into canopy deciduousness at the regional level. On this basis, ecologically important forest types could be mapped, including young secondary, open Marantaceae, Gilbertiodendron dewevrei and swamp forests. We show that in West-Central African forests, a large share of the variability in canopy reflectance, as captured by the EVI, is due to variation in the proportion of leaved trees in the upper canopy, thereby opening new perspectives for biodiversity and carbon-cycle applications.
The distribution, dominance patterns and ecological niches of plankton functional types in Dynamic Green Ocean Models and satellite estimates
Authors: Vogt M. , Hashioka T. , Payne M. R. , Buitenhuis E. T. , Quéré C. Le , Alvain S. , Aita M. N. , Bopp L. , Doney S. C. , Hirata T. , Lima I. , Sailley S. , Yamanaka Y.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. We compare the spatial and temporal representation of phytoplankton functional types (pPFTs) in four different Dynamic Green Ocean Models (DGOMs; CCSM-BEC, NEMURO, PISCES and PlankTOM5) to derived phytoplankton distributions from two independent satellite estimates, with a particular focus on diatom distributions. Global annual mean surface biomass estimates for diatoms vary between 0.23 mmol C m−3 and 0.77 mmol C m−3 in the models, and are comparable to a satellite-derived estimate (0.41 mmol C m−3). All models consistently simulate a higher zonal mean diatom biomass contribution in the high latitudes than in the low latitudes, but the relative diatom contribution varies substantially between models with largest differences in the high latitudes (20% to 100% of total biomass). We investigate phytoplankton distribution in terms of annual and monthly mean dominance patterns, i.e. the distribution of locations where a given PFT contributes more than 50% to total biomass. In all models, diatoms tend to dominate large areas of the high latitudes of both hemispheres, and the area of the surface ocean dominated by diatoms is significantly higher in the models than in the satellite estimates. We estimate the realized ecological niches filled by the dominant pPFT at each location as a function of annual mean surface nitrate concentration (NO3), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed layer depth. A general additive model (GAM) is used to map the probability of dominance of all pPFTs in niche and geographic space. Models tend to simulate diatom dominance over a wider temperature and nutrient range, whereas satellites confine diatom dominance to a narrower niche of low-intermediate annual mean temperatures (annual mean SST < 10 °C), but allow for niches in different ranges of surface NO3 concentrations. For annual mean diatom dominance, the statistically modelled probability of dominance explains the majority of the variance in the data (65.2–66.6%). For the satellite estimates, the explained deviance is much lower (44.6% and 32.7%). The differences in the representation of diatoms among models and compared to satellite estimates highlights the need to better resolve phytoplankton succession and phenology in the models. This work is part of the marine ecosystem inter-comparison project (MAREMIP).
Greenland accumulation and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation in ERA-Interim and paleoclimate simulations
Authors: Merz N. , Raible C. C. , Fischer H. , Varma V. , Prange M. , Stocker T. F.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Changes in Greenland accumulation and the stability in the relationship between accumulation variability and large-scale circulation are assessed by performing time-slice simulations for the present day, the preindustrial era, the early Holocene, and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with a comprehensive climate model. The stability issue is an important prerequisite for reconstructions of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation variability based on accumulation or precipitation proxy records from Greenland ice cores. The analysis reveals that the relationship between accumulation variability and large-scale circulation undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. As the contributions of the individual seasons to the annual signal change, annual mean accumulation variability is not necessarily related to the same atmospheric circulation patterns during the different climate states. Interestingly, within a season, local Greenland accumulation variability is indeed linked to a consistent circulation pattern, which is observed for all studied climate periods, even for the LGM. Hence, it would be possible to deduce a reliable reconstruction of seasonal atmospheric variability (e.g., for North Atlantic winters) if an accumulation or precipitation proxy were available that resolves single seasons. We further show that the simulated impacts of orbital forcing and changes in the ice sheet topography on Greenland accumulation exhibit strong spatial differences, emphasizing that accumulation records from different ice core sites regarding both interannual and long-term (centennial to millennial) variability cannot be expected to look alike since they include a distinct local signature. The only uniform signal to external forcing is the strong decrease in Greenland accumulation during glacial (LGM) conditions and an increase associated with the recent rise in greenhouse gas concentrations.
A semi-implicit, second-order-accurate numerical model for multiphase underexpanded volcanic jets
Authors: Carcano S. , Bonaventura L. , Esposti Ongaro T. , Neri A.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. An improved version of the PDAC (Pyroclastic Dispersal Analysis Code, Esposti Ongaro et al., 2007) numerical model for the simulation of multiphase volcanic flows is presented and validated for the simulation of multiphase volcanic jets in supersonic regimes. The present version of PDAC includes second-order time- and space discretizations and fully multidimensional advection discretizations in order to reduce numerical diffusion and enhance the accuracy of the original model. The model is tested on the problem of jet decompression in both two and three dimensions. For homogeneous jets, numerical results are consistent with experimental results at the laboratory scale (Lewis and Carlson, 1964). For nonequilibrium gas–particle jets, we consider monodisperse and bidisperse mixtures, and we quantify nonequilibrium effects in terms of the ratio between the particle relaxation time and a characteristic jet timescale. For coarse particles and low particle load, numerical simulations well reproduce laboratory experiments and numerical simulations carried out with an Eulerian–Lagrangian model (Sommerfeld, 1993). At the volcanic scale, we consider steady-state conditions associated with the development of Vulcanian and sub-Plinian eruptions. For the finest particles produced in these regimes, we demonstrate that the solid phase is in mechanical and thermal equilibrium with the gas phase and that the jet decompression structure is well described by a pseudogas model (Ogden et al., 2008). Coarse particles, on the other hand, display significant nonequilibrium effects, which associated with their larger relaxation time. Deviations from the equilibrium regime, with maximum velocity and temperature differences on the order of 150 m s−1 and 80 K across shock waves, occur especially during the rapid acceleration phases, and are able to modify substantially the jet dynamics with respect to the homogeneous case.
The North American Carbon Program Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project – Part 2: Environmental driver data
Authors: Wei Y. , Liu S. , Huntzinger D. N. , Michalak A. M. , Viovy N. , Post W. M. , Schwalm C. R. , Schaefer K. , Jacobson A. R. , Lu C. , Tian H. , Ricciuto D. M. , Cook R. B. , Mao J. , Shi X.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Ecosystems are important and dynamic components of the global carbon cycle, and terrestrial biospheric models (TBMs) are crucial tools in further understanding of how terrestrial carbon is stored and exchanged with the atmosphere across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Improving TBM model skills, and quantifying and reducing their estimation uncertainties, pose significant challenges. The Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) is a formal multi-scale and multi-model intercomparison effort set up to tackle these challenges. The MsTMIP protocol prescribes standardized environmental driver data that are shared among model teams to facilitate model-model and model-observation comparisons. This paper describes the global and North American environmental driver data sets prepared for the MsTMIP activity to both support their use in MsTMIP and make these data, along with the processes used in selecting/processing these data, accessible to a broader audience. Based on project needs, we compiled climate, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nitrogen deposition, land-use and land-cover change (LULCC), C3/C4 grasses fractions, major crops, phenology, and soil data into a standard format for global (0.5° x 0.5° resolution) and regional (North American, 0.25° x 0.25° resolution) simulations. In order to meet the needs of MsTMIP, improvements were made to several of the original environmental data sets, by changing the quality, the spatial and temporal coverage, resolution, or a combination of these. The resulting standardized model driver data sets are being used by over 20 different models participating MsTMIP. The data are archived at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC, http://daac.ornl.gov) to provide long-term data management and distribution.
Modelling methane emissions from natural wetlands: TRIPLEX-GHG model integration, sensitivity analysis, and calibration
Authors: Zhu Q. , Liu J. , Peng C. , Chen H. , Fang X. , Jiang H. , Yang G. , Zhu D. , Wang W. , Zhou X.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. This paper introduces TRIPLEX-GHG, a new process-based model framework used to quantify terrestrial ecosystem greenhouse gas dynamics by incorporating both ecological drivers and biogeochemical processes. TRIPLEX-GHG was developed from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), a dynamic global vegetation model, coupled with a new methane (CH4) biogeochemistry module (incorporating CH4 production, oxidation, and transportation processes) and a water table module to investigate CH4 emission processes that occur in natural wetlands. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive parameters to use to evaluate CH4 emission processes from wetlands are r (defined as the CH4 to CO2 release ratio) and Q10 in CH4 production process. These two parameters were subsequently calibrated to data obtained from 19 sites collected from approximately 35 studies across different wetlands globally. Having a heterogeneous spatial distribution, r and Q10 parameters ranged from 0.1 to 0.55 with a mean value of 0.25 and from 1.6 to 4.5 with a mean value of 2.48, respectively. The model performed well when simulating magnitude and capturing temporal patterns in CH4 emissions from natural wetlands despite failing to capture CH4 emission pulses in certain cases. Results suggest the model can be applied to different wetlands under varying conditions and is also applicable for global scale simulations.
Improvisation as Democratic Virtue A Deweyan Possibility for African American Religion and Ethics
Authors: Morris Daniel A.
Published: November 2013

This article explores the reception of John Dewey's philosophical pragmatism by scholars in African American religion and ethics and argues that Dewey's usefulness in these disciplines has not yet run dry. Cornel West and Eddie S. Glaude Jr. have drawn on Dewey's work to inform their scholarship on black religion. In response to Glaude's account of “post-soul politics” (by which he means the contemporary political struggle for racial justice, which is frustrated by excessive deference to the civil rights and black power movements), I suggest that cultivating a virtue of improvisation can facilitate democratic progress. Drawing on Dewey and Ralph Ellison to imagine such a virtue, I argue that improvisation could help democratic moral agents respond well to contemporary crises such as the mass incarceration of black men. I conclude that resources are available in black communities for democratic Christians to use in the struggle against racial injustice.
“The Wisdom of Gracious Acceptance” Okinawa, Mass Suicide, and the Cultural Work ofTeahouse of the August Moon
Authors: Glassmeyer Danielle
Published: November 2013

This article examines the trajectory of the story of the Battle of Okinawa to ponder the ethical dimensions of remembering, or failing to remember, mass trauma. Little has been written about the battle's impact on Okinawa's civilian population. Instead, the story of the deaths of as many as one-third of the pre-battle population, including many dead by mass suicide, has disappeared from popular consciousness and been supplanted by the iconic story of the Okinawa occupation: Teahouse of the August Moon. In this article, I review the battle then examine contemporary magazine coverage; in addition, I analyze the novel and film versions of Teahouse to show the rapidity with which the original story was subsumed to a spectacle that neutralized the traumatic story. Arguing that this disappearance of the Okinawa story via the Teahouse texts fits Kalí Tal's theory of “codification” of stories of cultural trauma, I ask readers to consider the ethical cost of such codification.
The Islamist Venture of the Politicization of Islam to an Ideology of Islamism A Critique of the Dominating Narrative in Western Islamic Studies
Authors: Tibi Bassam
Published: November 2013

This article operates on the distinction between Islamism and Islam and asks questions about how this is handled in Western studies. Islam is a religion and a civilization that deserves respect, while Islamism is a political ideology to be subjected to critical inquiry. The article is based on the enlightened Muslim thought that dissociates Islamic faith from its use as a legitimation in politics. The article shares also the dismissal of orientalism and Islamophobia, but it is critical of the instrumental use of both to silence criticism, as well as their reversal into the other extreme of an orientalism in reverse (Islamophilia). I argue that the prevailing analysis in Western scholarship on Islam not only ignores the distinction between Islamism and Islam but also falls into the trap of this reversal. The article discusses Islamism and Islamist movements that succeeded in hijacking the Arab Spring in the pursuit of a shariʿa state. The prevailing narrative not only fails to understand the Islamist shariʿatization of Islam, but also that Islamist shariʿa is neither Qur'anic shariʿa, nor classical shariʿa. I conclude with the presentation of Islamology and enlightened Muslim thought as alternative approaches for the study of Islamism, pleading for freedom of speech in this field of study.
Data from “Social determinants of unmet hospitalisation need amongst the poor in Andhra Pradesh, India: A cross-sectional study.”
Authors: Nagulapalli Srikant
Published: November 2013

The dataset is of a health survey amongst the 21.5 million poor families of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh conducted during April and May 2013. The dataset captures individual characteristics and household characteristics of the past 365 days. Data was collected by 2022 trained field staff of Aarogyasri Health Care Trust (AHCT) of Government of Andhra Pradesh using a questionnaire modelled after that used for the health surveys by National Sample Survey Organisation of India.
Conceptualización de la niñez desde la lectura de las políticas públicas en infancia
Authors: Niñez Grupo de trabajo , Psicología y Educación Equipo
Published: November 2013

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar respecto de las políticas sociales de salud mental implementadas actualmente hacia la infancia. Para ellos recorre brevemente la historización del concepto de niño. Luego se aplica esta conceptualización a programas de salud mental centrados en la infancia.
Research Note: Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment to the Tourism Sector in Fiji: An Empirical Study
Authors: Jayaraman T. K. , Chen Hong , Bhatt Markand
Published: November 2013

In the midst of declining external demand due to the world economic downturn since 2008, the tourism sector has emerged as a major source of support to the South Pacific island countries, including Fiji. Tourists from the region's two advanced economies, Australia and New Zealand, find Fiji a more affordable tourist destination than distant European and Asian holiday resorts. The development of the tourism sector in Fiji owes much to foreign direct investment (FDI) in hotels, resorts and other infrastructural facilities. This paper uses bounds cointegration technique and investigates the contribution of FDI to Fiji's tourism sector. The analysis identifies positive associations between FDI and tourism earnings as well as between currency depreciation and tourism earnings.
Determinants of Touristic Attraction in Portuguese Regions and Their Impact on GDP
Authors: Neves Diana C. , Fernandes António J. , Pereira Elisabeth T.
Published: November 2013

The tourism sector is considered a powerful stimulator of national economies because it affects those economic sectors associated with it, and at the same time creates jobs, increases domestic demand, contributes positively to the balance of payments and allows a better reallocation of wealth. Recognizing this importance, it becomes relevant to investigate the impact of tourism in Portugal at the regional level in order to compare the different Portuguese regions and identify their determinants of attraction. After characterizing the Portuguese tourism market, the authors undertake an empirical analysis, based on a panel data analysis for the Portuguese regions classified by NUTs II and for the period 1990–2007. The results suggest that Lisbon is the region that contributes most to Portuguese GDP because its tourism product is more differentiated.
Sound Praxis, Poverty, and Social Participation: Perspectives from a Collaborative Study in Rio De Janeiro
Authors: Araújo Samuel , Cambria Vincenzo
Published: November 2013

A long-standing and pervading theme in fields of inquiry such as economics, sociology, health studies, human rights, or social policy, poverty has apparently not similarly impacted scholarship on music beyond the implicit recognition—more typically found in folklore, ethnomusicology, and popular music studies—that it may have conditioned to some degree music-making among given groups within a larger society or even among larger societal entities such as countries and continents. One problem likely hindering more theoretical approaches to music and poverty is the difficulty, so often expressed in the above-mentioned fields, of finding a universally acceptable definition of poverty (not forgetting that defining “music” is also far from unproblematic). A growing literature, mostly beyond music disciplines, accounts for the many possible determining factors behind such a definition—such as family or individual income, gross national product, formal employment rate, average cost of a minimal caloric diet, access to basic sewage, and adequate housing—which may be adopted either in combination or in isolation. At the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries, economists such as Amartya Sen, Mahbub Ul Haq, Deepa Narayan, Celso Furtado, and others went further in the pursuit of a multidimensional approach, considering factors such as education, availability of natural resources, and political participation in defining the boundaries indexing situations of poverty. Sen's (2010) definition of poverty as one's privation of developing individual capacities has since become an influential source of public debate (Crespo and Gurovitz 2002).
Blood, Thunder, and Drums: Style and Changing Aesthetics of Drumming in Northern Ireland Protestant Bands
Authors: Casserly Ray
Published: November 2013

Northern Ireland experiences a large and often politically sensitive parading tradition annually between March and September. Music takes a prominent position in these parades, with flutes, accordions, bagpipes, snare drums, and bass drums being the most popular instruments on display. Percussion instruments are often the only instruments that are found in the vast majority of parading bands throughout Northern Ireland (figure 1). A particular drumming style, known locally as blood and thunder, has evolved as a result of working-class bands attempting both to imitate military styles and to adapt them to changing working-class tastes. Through a combination of ethnographic material and technical analysis, this paper enables an in-depth understanding of the way a unique tradition has developed as a result of working-class attempts to mimic the musical practices of the dominant military power without access to the tuition techniques and facilities on which that dominant style depended.
Les défis du droit suisse de l’insolvabilité face au trust : séparation des patrimoines, publicité et poursuite pour dettes
Authors: Peyrot Aude
Published: November 2013

Cet article examine trois des défis qui se sont posés au droit suisse au moment de ratifier la Convention de La Haye du 1er juillet 1985 sur la loi applicable au trust et à sa reconnaissance. Il explore d’abord la façon dont la Suisse a appréhendé l’effet de ring-fencing inhérent au trust, lequel contrarie directement le principe civiliste cardinal de l’unité du patrimoine. Il examine ensuite le rapport qu’entretient cet effet de ring-fencing avec le principe de publicité, tel que mis en oeuvre par les registres publics suisses. Il traite enfin de la façon dont la Suisse a traduit les différents régimes de responsabilité pour dettes prévalant en matière de trusts dans son droit de l’exécution forcée.

L’article montre aussi que la Suisse a su relever les défis posés par le trust et s’adapter à une institution étrangère qui lui paraissait à l’origine incompatible. Certaines des solutions adoptées sont toutefois en rupture avec la logique du trust, voire avec la logique du droit suisse. L’article conclut au fait que la réception du trust de common law par les traditions juridiques civilistes ne présente pas uniquement un risque de dénaturation du droit civil, mais aussi — et de façon plus inattendue — un risque de dénaturation du trust lui-même.
CALCULATION OF DRILLING AND BLASTING PARAMETERS FOR QUARRY ''DOBRNJA'' NEAR BANJA LUKA
Authors: Kovačević Žarko , Čelebić Miodrag , Tošić Dražena
Published: November 2013

Using of explosives in modern mining is very important for the good, efficient and rational organization for obtaining of solid minerals, especially in the exploitation of mineral resources on mines with large capacities. Technological phases of drilling and blasting in the exploitation process are very important in this case, and the analysis in this paper, because specific working environment and technical construction-limestone, where performance and capacities for further technological stages largely depends on the granularity of blasted materials (capacities of bulldozers, capacities of loadersexcavators, capacities of trucks and equipment for stone crushing and grinding). Objective of this paper is to get the best drilling and blasting parameters with different combinations of explosives, to get an optimum combination that will be continusly used.
Reversed Shared Care in Mental Health: Bringing Primary Physical Health Care to Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Ungar Thomas , Goldman Stuart , Marcus Madalyn
Published: November 2013

Because of the significant comorbidity between mental and physical health conditions, it is imperative that access to high-quality primary physical health care be available for those with severe mental illnesses. Recognizing a gap in care, North York General Hospital (NYGH) developed and piloted a new service that built on the benefits of collaborative and shared care and the importance of co-location and service integration. In this reversed shared care clinic, access to primary physical health care was provided to patients of NYGH 's mental health department. Descriptive findings demonstrate the implementation of the service and patient demographics.
Subcutaneous versus intravenous granulocyte colony stimulating factor for the treatment of neutropenia in hospitalized hemato‐oncological patients: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Paul Mical , Ram Ron , Kugler Eitan , Farbman Laura , Peck Anat , Leibovici Leonard , Lahav Meir , Yeshurun Moshe , Shpilberg Ofer , Herscovici Corina , Wolach Ofir , Itchaki Gilad , Bar‐Natan Michal , Vidal Liat , Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Raanani Pia
Published: November 2013

Intravenous (IV) granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) might be safer and more convenient than subcutaneous (SC) administration to hospitalized hemato‐oncological patients receiving chemotherapy. To compare IV vs. SC G‐CSF administration, we conducted a randomized, open‐label trial. We included inpatients receiving chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma, and allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Patients were randomized to 5 mcg/kg single daily dose of IV bolus versus SC filgrastim given for its clinical indications. Patients were crossed‐over to the alternate study arm on the subsequent chemotherapy course. The primary outcomes were time from initiation of filgrastim to recovery of stable neutrophil count of >500 cells/µL and a composite clinical outcome of infection or death assessed for the first course post‐randomization. The study was stopped on the second interim analysis. Of 120 patients randomized, 118 were evaluated in the first treatment course. The mean time to neutropenia resolution was longer with IV G‐CSF [7.9 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6–9.1] compared with SC G‐CSF (5.4 days, 95% CI 4.6–6.2), log‐rank P = 0.001. Longer neutropenia duration was observed in all patient subgroups, except for patients undergoing autologous HCT. There was no significant difference between groups in the occurrence of infection or death, but more deaths were observed with IV (4/57, 7%) versus SC (1/61, 1.6%) G‐CSF administration, P = 0.196. Similar results were observed when all 158 courses following cross‐over were analyzed. Patients reported similar pain and satisfaction scores in both groups. Bolus IV administration of G‐CSF results in longer neutropenia duration than SC administration, with no difference in clinical or quality‐of‐life measures. Am. J. Hematol. 89:243–248, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief Communication: Orphaned male Chimpanzees die young even after weaning
Authors: Nakamura Michio , Hayaki Hitoshige , Hosaka Kazuhiko , Itoh Noriko , Zamma Koichiro
Published: November 2013

If a social‐living animal has a long life span, permitting different generations to co‐exist within a social group, as is the case in many primate species, it can be beneficial for a parent to continue to support its weaned offspring to increase the latter's survival and/or reproductive success. Chimpanzees have an even longer period of dependence on their mothers' milk than do humans, and consequently, offspring younger than 4.5–5 years old cannot survive if the mother dies. Most direct maternal investments, such as maternal transportation of infants and sharing of night shelters (beds or nests), end with nutritional weaning. Thus, it had been assumed that a mother's death was no longer critical to the survival of weaned offspring, in contrast to human children, who continue to depend on parental care long after weaning. However, in theory at least, maternal investment in a chimpanzee son after weaning could be beneficial because in chimpanzees' male‐philopatric society, mother and son co‐exist for a long time after the offspring's weaning. Using long‐term demographic data for a wild chimpanzee population in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, we show the first empirical evidence that orphaned chimpanzee sons die younger than expected even if they lose their mothers after weaning. This suggests that long‐lasting, but indirect, maternal investment in sons continues several years after weaning and is vital to the survival of the sons. The maternal influence on males in the male‐philopatric societies of hominids may be greater than previously believed. Am J Phys Anthropol, 153:139–143, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amphiphilic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(l‐lysine) copolymers with porphyrin core: Synthesis, self‐assembly, and cell viability assay
Authors: Jia Menghong , Ren Tianbin , Wang An , Yuan Weizhong , Ren Jie
Published: November 2013

Star‐shaped copolymers poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐bolck‐poly(ε‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐l‐lysine) (SPPCL‐b‐PZLLs) with porphyrin core were synthesized by a sequential ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of CL and Nε‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐l‐lysine N‐Carboxyanhydride. After the deprotection of benzyloxycarbonyl groups in polylysine blocks, the star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymers SPPCL‐b‐PLLs were obtained. These amphiphilic copolymers can self‐assemble into micelles or aggregates in aqueous solution. Investigation shows that the morphology of micelles/aggregates varied according to the change of pH values of media, indicating the pH‐responsive property of SPPCL‐b‐PLL copolymers. Furthermore, associated with conjugated porphyrin cores, the SPPCL‐b‐PLL copolymers micelles showed a certain degree of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) effects on tumor cells, suggesting its potential application as carrier for hydrophobic drug with additional therapeutic ability of inherent porphyrin segments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40097.