bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chalkboard: An Introduction to Electrochemical Separations
Authors: Arges Christopher G.
Published: April 2024

Chemical separations are a cornerstone of industrial manufacturing processes that generate products and services that have improved the standard of living for humans across the globe. To give some context as to how ubiquitous separations are in the modern world, they are involved in the production of fuels, medicines, clean water, fertilizers, materials used in semiconductor chip manufacturing, and other goods. A 2019 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine highlights that chemical separations account for about 10 to 15% of energy use in the United States. Of the four broad sectors (residential, transportation, industry, and commerce) that use energy in the United States, industry has the largest use at 32% and about half of the energy use in industry hails from separations. It is likely that the transportation and residential sectors will experience significant decarbonization in the next 25 years with the proliferation of wind and solar energy sources coupled with electrochemical energy storage and electrification of vehicles. Industrial decarbonization, on the other hand, is far more complex and challenging and it is imperative that future engineers and scientists work hard to devise alternative processes that can be powered on renewable electrons while generating little waste to produce the goods and services that make up our modern lives.
Analysis of Wet-Etched Structures on R-Plane Substrates of Sapphire in the Etchant of Sulfuric Acid and Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Wu Guorong , Chen Xiaokang , Gu Xuanrong , Wu Yiqiu
Published: April 2024

The occurrence and variation of wet-etched structures on R-plane substrates of sapphire were analyzed according to the distribution of drilling rates of typical crystal planes. First, the experiment for etching the sapphire hemisphere was conducted to obtain the distribution of etching rates with C-plane as the rotation center in the experimental etchant (236 °C, three parts H2SO4 and one part H3PO4 in terms of volume). Then, the transfer matrix was applied to transform the distribution of etching rates with C-plane as the rotation center in the experimental etchant (236 °C, three parts H2SO4 and one part H3PO4 in terms of volume) into the distribution of etching rates with R-plane as the rotation center. The positive curvature maximum identification method was then applied to obtain the distribution of drilling rates of typical crystal planes on R-plane substrates. Finally, the occurrence and variation of polygonal grooves with different mask configurations on R-plane substrates in the experimental etchant (236 °C, three parts H2SO4 and one part H3PO4 in terms of volume) were analyzed based on the distribution of drilling rates of typical crystal planes. This provides a basis for the application and development of GaN-based light-emitting diode devices.
Platform Design of Passive Target Perception and Localization Based on Sensor Networks
Authors: Cheng Qin , Zhang Lin , Yu Yang , Pan Lingjiao
Published: April 2024

With the rapid development, extensive knowledge, and diverse application scenarios of target perception and positioning technology in sensor networks, a passive target perception and localization platform based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been designed. The platform is mainly applied for the teaching of electronic information, communication, and Internet of Things (IoT) engineering. The platform follows the teaching concept of “developing students’ ability to solve complex engineering problems” in the emerging engineering discipline and combines experimental simulation with real-world testing, as well as integrating scientific research and teaching. It encompasses technical elements such as perception and localization theory, sparse representation classification modeling, solving underdetermined equations, data analysis, and sparse coding, as well as nontechnical aspects such as team collaboration and cost budgeting. The platform boasts high fidelity and scalability, providing students with the opportunity to develop comprehensive practical and innovative skills in solving complex engineering problems.
Salivary Fractalkine Differentiating Periodontitis from Periodontally Healthy Subjects
Authors: Harbood Omer Mohammed , Abbas Raghad Fadhil
Published: April 2024

Objective. The chemokine “Fractalkine” (CX3CL1) and its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1), chemokine belonging to the CX3C family, have an essential role in developing several systemic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of inflammatory cells are all affected by it. In light of this, the present study attempts to address the following questions: (1) Is the salivary level of fractalkine and its receptor associated with periodontitis patients with different severities? (2) Is it possible to distinguish periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects? Methods. This study included 30 individuals who had been considered controls, having healthy periodontium, and 90 patients with varying stages of periodontitis. The patients were equally divided into three groups: those with Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III. After each subject’s saliva was collected, periodontal markers including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to detect the protein levels of salivary CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Results. In comparison to the control group, patients with periodontitis had statistically increased salivary concentrations of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 (P  < 0.001). Additionally, all clinical periodontal indicators (BOP, PPD, and CAL) had a strong association with salivary CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 levels. Furthermore, by using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic), both biomarkers showed a good ability to differentiate periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects, and an excellent ability to distinguish Stage I and Stage III periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects. The AUC for salivary CX3L1 and its receptors, CX3R, was 0.93 and 0.8, respectively, to distinguish Stage I from patients with good periodontal health. In contrast, the biomarkers’ AUC for separating individuals with Stage III periodontitis from those in healthy periodontal conditions was 1. Conclusion. Fractalkine and its receptor are linked to periodontitis and may distinguish between periodontitis and healthy periodontal tissues, suggesting its role as a possible part of periodontal disease pathogenesis.
The Impact of Resilience on Workplace Violence Experienced by Mental Health Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Alenezi Atallah
Published: April 2024

Background. Violence at work against healthcare professionals is a frequent and pervasive problem. There are growing data that indicate nurses are especially susceptible to experiencing violent acts at work. Resilience helps strengthen nursing competency in the proper management of stressful circumstances, like being exposed to workplace violence. Aim. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of resilience on workplace violence among mental health nurses. Method. A cross-sectional research design was used to conduct this study with a convenience sample of 361 nurses recruited from a governmental psychiatric hospital in Saudi Arabia. Tools. Data were collected using two tools: the first tool was the workplace violence questionnaire, which collected nurses’ demographic, job, and workplace violence data, and the second was the resilience at work scale to assess nurses’ resilience. Results. This survey found that 70.4% of nurses experienced workplace violence in the last year, and fewer than half were resilient at work. Close to one-third (33.5%) of nurses were terrified and confused after workplace violence. The most violent repercussions were psychological (46.8%): dread, tension, and worry. Additionally, 48.8% of nurses exhibited high work resilience. Conclusion. A considerable percentage of mental health nurses encountered instances of violence during the provision of care inside mental health hospital settings. The variables of nationality (non-Saudi nurses), rotating work shift, educational levels, and exhibiting a lower level of resilience were found to have a statistically significant correlation with instances of workplace violence. Recommendation. Training programs and educational initiatives should be developed and implemented to equip nurses with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively respond to and prevent workplace violence incidents. By providing comprehensive training, healthcare organizations can empower nurses to address and mitigate workplace violence, ultimately creating a safer and more supportive work environment.
A New Efficient Hybrid Method Based on FEM and FDM for Solving Burgers’ Equation with Forcing Term
Authors: Cakay Aysenur Busra , Selim Selmahan
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a study on the numerical solutions of the Burgers’ equation with forcing effects. The article proposes three hybrid methods that combine two‐point, three‐point, and four‐point discretization in time with the Galerkin finite element method in space (TDFEM2, TDFEM3, and TDFEM4). These methods use backward finite difference in time and the finite element method in space to solve the Burgers’ equation. The resulting system of the nonlinear ordinary differential equations is then solved using MATLAB computer codes at each time step. To check the efficiency and accuracy, a comparison between the three methods is carried out by considering the three Burgers’ problems. The accuracy of the methods is expressed in terms of the error norms. The combined methods are advantageous for small viscosity and can produce highly accurate solutions in a shorter time compared to existing numerical schemes in the literature. In contrast to many existing numerical schemes in the literature developed to solve Burgers’ equation, the methods can exhibit the correct physical behavior for very small values of viscosity. It has been demonstrated that the TDFEM2, TDFEM3, and TDFEM4 can be competitive numerical methods for addressing Burgers‐type parabolic partial differential equations arising in various fields of science and engineering.
Emotion Modeling in Speech Signals: Discrete Wavelet Transform and Machine Learning Tools for Emotion Recognition System
Authors: Daqrouq K. , Balamesh A. , Alrusaini O. , Alkhateeb A. , Balamash A. S.
Published: April 2024

Speech emotion recognition (SER) is a challenging task due to the complex and subtle nature of emotions. This study proposes a novel approach for emotion modeling using speech signals by combining discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with linear prediction coding (LPC). The performance of various classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM), K‐Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Efficient Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Ensemble, and Neural Network, was evaluated for emotion classification using the EMO‐DB dataset. Evaluation metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), average prediction accuracy, and cross‐validation techniques were employed. The results indicate that KNN and SVM classifiers exhibited high accuracy in distinguishing sadness from other emotions. Ensemble methods and Neural Networks also demonstrated strong performance in sadness classification. While Efficient Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes classifiers showed competitive performance, they were slightly less accurate compared to other classifiers. Furthermore, the proposed feature extraction method yielded the highest average accuracy, and its combination with formants or wavelet entropy further improved classification accuracy. On the other hand, Efficient Logistic Regression exhibited the lowest accuracies among the classifiers. The uniqueness of this study was that it investigated a combined feature extraction method and integrated them to compare with various forms of combinations. However, the purposes of the investigation include improved performance of the classifiers, high effectiveness of the system, and the potential for emotion classification tasks. These findings can guide the selection of appropriate classifiers and feature extraction methods in future research and real‐world applications. Further investigations can focus on refining classifiers and exploring additional feature extraction techniques to enhance emotion classification accuracy.
Technoeconomic Analysis of a Wind Power Generation System and Wind Resource Mapping Using GIS Tools: The Case of Twelve Locations in the Commune of Evodoula, Cameroon
Authors: Koung Vincent De Paul Igor Essouma , Menga Francis Daniel , Bonoma Beguide , Nsouandele Jean Luc , Mouangue Ruben Martin
Published: April 2024

This paper performs a technoeconomic analysis of the wind power potential and evaluates the cost of wind power generation in Evodoula, comparing two methods, the conventional method and the uncertainty method based on a comparative spatiotemporal approach using the geographic information system (GIS) software tool. This study is based on satellite wind data measured at 10 m above ground level (AGL) over a 40‐year period (1980‐2019), by the meteorological service NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The main objectives are to obtain an appropriate design for a proven optimal location and to assess the viability of wind power at Evodoula. For this type of study, there is little literature available. The optimization of an onshore wind farm and deployment in the wind energy development interest area (ZIDEE) is carried out to obtain a minimum and parsimonious discounted cost production unitary (CPU) of the electricity produced. The results showed that in Okok, a location with a large energy deficit, an onshore wind farm with an electricity generation capacity of 12.5 MW with 5 NORDEX N100‐2.5MW wind turbines would have a total energy production (TEP) of about 64.0254825 TWh and a selling price of electricity that would be 0.0034 CAD$/kWh, which is very low compared to the utility price (about 98% cheaper). The total cost of the wind farm would be about $11 million, with a net present cost of about $218 million. The annual profit generated by the wind farm would be over $6 billion. The return on investment (ROI) of the project is estimated at 2880.882%. The constructed onshore wind farm would avoid CO2 emission at over 11 MtCO2,eq/year as the energy generated is from the atmosphere. The wind farm would realize an average annual cash flow estimated at nearly $30 million after 20 years of operation. These savings would allow the installation of CO2 capture systems in conventional power plants. In addition, the analysis of uncertainties and risks was identified and quantified to estimate the confidence levels of the project development results. The risks have been assessed, and we recommend that the total uncertainty of the project is around 15%. The energy values in P75 and P90 are 10.08% and 19.22%, respectively, lower than the energy value in P50 of 11.60 GWh/An. Finally, the main policy recommendations for an inclusive design process are highlighted. The contribution of this study is to assist policy makers in making appropriate decisions in the development and implementation of energy and environmental policy in Cameroon and in many continental areas.
Figure S8 from ADCT-602, a Novel PBD Dimer–containing Antibody–Drug Conjugate for Treating CD22-positive Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Zammarchi Francesca , Havenith Karin E. , Sachini Nikoleta , Janghra Narinder , Chivers Simon , Idusogie Esohe , Gaudio Eugenio , Tarantelli Chiara , Bertelli Francois , Santos Kathleen , Tyrer Peter , Corbett Simon , Spriano Filippo , Golino Gaetanina , Cascione Luciano , Bertoni Francesco , Hartley John A. , van Berkel Patrick H.
Published: April 2024

Supplementary Fig. S8. Quantification of cynomolgus monkey CD3+, platelets, reticulocytes, and neutrophils after dosing ADCT-602 at 0.6 or 0.9 mg/kg (2 doses, 21 days apart). Data presented as mean ± SEM (each group, n = 3). SEM standard error of mean.
Figure S6 from The Methyltransferases METTL7A and METTL7B Confer Resistance to Thiol-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Robey Robert W. , Fitzsimmons Christina M. , Guiblet Wilfried M. , Frye William J.E. , González Dalmasy José M. , Wang Li , Russell Drake A. , Huff Lyn M. , Perciaccante Andrew J. , Ali-Rahmani Fatima , Lipsey Crystal C. , Wade Heidi M. , Mitchell Allison V. , Maligireddy Siddhardha S. , Terrero David , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Jenkins Lisa M. , Nikitina Tatiana , Zhurkin Victor B. , Tiwari Amit K. , Piscopio Anthony D. , Totah Rheem A. , Bates Susan E. , Arda H. Efsun , Gottesman Michael M. , Batista Pedro J.
Published: April 2024

Figure S6 contains cell cycle analysis of cells overexpressing METTL7A.
Supplementary Figure 2 from RETRACTED: Minocycline Targets the NF-κB Nexus through Suppression of TGF-β1-TAK1-IκB Signaling in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ataie-Kachoie Parvin , Badar Samina , Morris David L. , Pourgholami Mohammad H.
Published: April 2024

PDF file - 2503K, Influence of minocycline on inducible NF-кB activation.
Trends in Colorectal Cancer Screening from the National Health Interview Survey: Analysis of the Impact of Different Modalities on Overall Screening Rates
Authors: Ebner Derek W. , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Miller-Wilson Lesley-Ann , Markwat Niels , Vahdat Vahab , Ozbay A. Burak , Limburg Paul J.
Published: April 2024

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in adults in the United States. Despite compelling evidence of improved outcomes in colorectal cancer, screening rates are not optimal. This study aimed to characterize colorectal cancer screening trends over the last two decades and assess the impact of various screening modalities on overall colorectal cancer screening rates. Using National Health Interview Survey data from 2005 to 2021, we examined colorectal cancer screening [colonoscopy, multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA), fecal occult blood test (FOBT)/fecal immunochemical test, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography] rates among adults ages 50–75 years (n = 85,571). A pseudo-time-series cross-sectional (pseudo-TSCS) analysis was conducted including a random effects generalized least squares regression model to estimate the relative impact of each modality on changes in colorectal cancer screening rates. Among 50 to 75 year olds, the estimated colorectal cancer screening rate increased from 47.7% in 2005 to 69.9% in 2021, with the largest increase between 2005 and 2010 (47.7%–60.7%). Rates subsequently plateaued until 2015 but increased from 63.5% in 2015 to 69.9% in 2018. This was primarily driven by the increased use of mt-sDNA (2.5% in 2018 to 6.6% in 2021). Pseudo-TSCS analysis results showed that mt-sDNA contributed substantially to the increase in overall screening rates (77.3%; P < 0.0001) between 2018 and 2021. While colorectal cancer screening rates increased from 2005 to 2021, they remain below the 80% goal. The introduction of mt-sDNA, a noninvasive screening test may have improved overall rates. Sustained efforts are required to further increase screening rates to improve patient outcomes and offering a range of screening options is likely to contribute to achieving this goal.

Prevention Relevance:

This retrospective study highlights the importance of convenient stool-based colorectal cancer screening options to achieve the national goal of 80% for overall colorectal cancer screening rates. Empowering screening-eligible individuals with a choice for their colorectal cancer screening tests is imperative.
Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and the Risk of Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Xu Weihao , Bai Anying , Liang Yuanfeng , Lin Zhanyi
Published: April 2024

Background: Epidemiologic studies have indicated an association of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre-dementia stage characterized by the presence of cognitive complaints and a slow gait, with increased risk of incident dementia. Objectives: We aimed to clarify this association using meta-analysis. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to December 2022 for relevant studies that investigated the association between MCR and incident all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The random-effects model was used to determine a pooled-effect estimate of the association. Results: We identified seven articles that corresponded with nine cohort studies investigating the association between MCR and the risk of dementia. Pooled analysis showed that MCR was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident all-cause dementia (HR = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.90–2.73) and AD (HR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.61–2.61). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no evidence that individual studies influenced the pooled-effect estimate, verifying the robustness of the results. Conclusions: Our results confirm that MCR is an independent risk factor of incident all-cause dementia and AD. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this association.
Computer Vision for Identification of Increased Fetal Heart Variability in Cardiotocogram
Authors: Tarvonen Mikko , Manninen Matti , Lamminaho Petri , Jehkonen Petri , Tuppurainen Ville , Andersson Sture
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Increased fetal heart rate variability (IFHRV), defined as fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline amplitude changes of >25 beats per minute with a duration of ≥1 min, is an early sign of intrapartum fetal hypoxia. This study evaluated the level of agreement of machine learning (ML) algorithms-based recognition of IFHRV patterns with expert analysis. Methods: Cardiotocographic recordings and cardiotocograms from 4,988 singleton term childbirths were evaluated independently by two expert obstetricians blinded to the outcomes. Continuous FHR monitoring with computer vision analysis was compared with visual analysis by the expert obstetricians. FHR signals were graphically processed and measured by the computer vision model labeled SALKA. Results: In visual analysis, IFHRV pattern occurred in 582 cardiotocograms (11.7%). Compared with visual analysis, SALKA recognized IFHRV patterns with an average Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.981 (95% CI: 0.972–0.993). The sensitivity of SALKA was 0.981, the positive predictive rate was 0.822 (95% CI: 0.774–0.903), and the false-negative rate was 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00–0.02). The agreement between visual analysis and SALKA in identification of IFHRV was almost perfect (0.993) in cases (N = 146) with neonatal acidemia (i.e., umbilical artery pH <7.10). Conclusions: Computer vision analysis by SALKA is a novel ML technique that, with high sensitivity and specificity, identifies IFHRV features in intrapartum cardiotocograms. SALKA recognizes potential early signs of fetal distress close to those of expert obstetricians, particularly in cases of neonatal acidemia.
Adjuvant Treatment with S-1 in Patients after R0-Resection of Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Esophagogastric Junction: A Multicenter Phase I/II Feasibility Study (GMBH-STO-0114)
Authors: Heinrich Kathrin , Heinemann Volker , Stintzing Sebastian , Müller Lothar , Ettrich Thomas J. , Büchner-Steudel Petra , Geißler Michael , Trojan Jörg , Moosmann Nicolas , Folprecht Gunnar , Schmidt Johannes , Kanzler Stephan , Kullmann Frank , Moulin Jean-Charles , Werner Jens , Angele Martin K. , Probst Victoria , Held Swantje , Schulz Christoph , Boukovala Myrto
Published: April 2024

Introduction: S-1 has been shown to be an effective adjuvant treatment option for East Asian patients who underwent gastrectomy for stage II/III gastric cancer. We conducted a phase I/II study to evaluate the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of administering S-1 in the adjuvant setting after R0-resection of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) in Caucasian patients. Methods: In this single-cohort, open-label, phase I/II trial, we enrolled patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or EGJ having undergone R0-resection with or without neoadjuvant treatment. One treatment cycle consisted of oral S-1 (30 mg/m2 bid) for 14 days. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for 18 cycles (54 weeks). Primary endpoint was feasibility and tolerability. Safety was evaluated according to the Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. Secondary endpoints were 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate, RFS, and overall survival (OS). Results: Between October 2015 and February 2018, 32 patients were enrolled in 12 German centers, and 30 started adjuvant study treatment. Seventeen patients completed all 18 cycles. Two patients terminated study treatment early due to adverse events (AEs), 7 due to patient’s or investigator’s decision, and 4 due to recurrence or distant metastasis during adjuvant therapy. Dose levels were reduced to 25 mg/m2 in 9 patients and to 20 mg/m2 in 1 patient. Of patients completing all 18 cycles, 5 did so with reduced dosage of S-1. Documented grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia, diarrhea, vomiting, polyneuropathy, palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia, and rash. Serious AEs were observed in 7 patients. Median RFS was 32.2 months. One-year RFS rate was 77%. Data on OS were still premature at the end of the study. Conclusion: Adjuvant treatment with S-1 for 1 year is a feasible and safe treatment option for Caucasian patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma or cancer of the EGJ after R0-resection.
An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model to Predict Malignant Cerebral Edema after Acute Anterior Circulating Large-Hemisphere Infarction
Authors: Cao Liping , Ma Xiaoming , Huang Wendie , Xu Geman , Wang Yumei , Liu Meng , Sheng Shiying , Mao Keshi
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Malignant cerebral edema (MCE) is a serious complication and the main cause of poor prognosis in patients with large-hemisphere infarction (LHI). Therefore, the rapid and accurate identification of potential patients with MCE is essential for timely therapy. This study utilized an artificial intelligence-based machine learning approach to establish an interpretable model for predicting MCE in patients with LHI. Methods: This study included 314 patients with LHI not undergoing recanalization therapy. The patients were divided into MCE and non-MCE groups, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed. A confusion matrix was used to measure the prediction performance of the XGBoost model. We also utilized the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to explain the XGBoost model. Decision curve and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to evaluate the net benefits of the model. Results: MCE was observed in 121 (38.5%) of the 314 patients with LHI. The model showed excellent predictive performance, with an area under the curve of 0.916. The SHAP method revealed the top 10 predictive variables of the MCE such as ASPECTS score, NIHSS score, CS score, APACHE II score, HbA1c, AF, NLR, PLT, GCS, and age based on their importance ranking. Conclusion: An interpretable predictive model can increase transparency and help doctors accurately predict the occurrence of MCE in LHI patients not undergoing recanalization therapy within 48 h of onset, providing patients with better treatment strategies and enabling optimal resource allocation.
Reliability in Novel Field-Based Fitness Measurements and Postexercise Scores from a Physical Fitness Test Battery in Older Adults
Authors: Godhe Manne , Rönquist Gustaf , Nilsson Johnny , Ekblom Örjan , Nyberg Lillemor , Edman Gunnar , Andersson Eva
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Physical fitness is strongly associated with daily physical function, health, and longevity in older adults. Field-based tests may provide a reasonable alternative compared to advanced laboratory testing. Separating postexercise test scores from reactivity measurements requires sufficient test-retest reliability. Postexercise test scores with reliability analyses of field-based fitness tests in older adults are lacking. The present study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of some novel easily accommodated fitness test measurements and compare pretest scores with postexercise results in these tests along with other field-based fitness tests in older adults. Methods: Totally 1,407 community-dwelling older adults (69% female), x̄ = 71.5 ± 5.0 (65–84 years), performed twelve field-based fitness tests at pretest 1, pretest 2 and a posttest after an 8-week exercise period (twice weekly 1 h of combined strength and aerobic training). T tests, intra-class correlation, limits of agreement, standard error of measurement, and coefficient of variance were performed between pre-1 and pre-2 tests, and repeated measures ANOVA and partial eta squared effect size for postexercise differences for men and women in 5-year age groups ranging from 65 to 84 years. Results: Between pre-1 and pre-2 tests a significant difference was noted in some of the novel fitness test measurements but generally not, e.g., in isometric trunk flexion and step-up height on either leg among all sex and age groups. In most of these novel fitness test measurements, no significant differences occurred between the two pretests. Examples of results from the pre-2 test to the posttest were isometric trunk flexion 45° endurance and isometric trunk extension endurance improved significantly for both sexes in age groups 65–74 years. Women, but not men, improved the maximal step-up height for both legs in most age groups. The speed in the 50 sit-to-stand improved significantly for most age groups in both sexes. Six-min walk distance improved significantly for most age groups in women but among men only in 65–69 years. In the timed-up-and-go test, significant improvements were seen for all age groups in women and in men 70–79 years. No postexercise improvements were generally observed for grip strength or balance. Conclusions: In most of the novel fitness test measures, no significant difference was noted between the two pretests in the assessed sex and age groups. Results after the 8-week exercise period varied between sex and age groups, with significant improvements in several of the twelve studied fitness tests. These findings may be valuable for future projects utilizing easily accommodated physical fitness tests in older adults.
IDN5706 Inhibits Synovial Inflammation via Inducing M2 Polarization of Synovial Macrophages in Osteoarthritis Rats
Authors: Zhang Jinling , Cheng Fangyue , Rong Genxiang , Tang Zhi , Gui Binjie
Published: April 2024

Introduction: IDN5706 is a tetrahydro derivative of hyperforin. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of IDN5706 on synovial macrophages in osteoarthritis (OA) rats and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: OA rats were employed for the in vivo experiments, and RAW264.7 cells were employed for the in vitro experiments. Histopathological changes in synovium were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cell apoptosis in synovium was assessed by TUNEL staining. Macrophage polarization was determined by immunohistochemical analysis and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression and protein level of genes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The efferocytosis of macrophages was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: IDN5706 reversed the increased CD86-positive cells (M1 macrophages) and decreased CD206-positive cells (M2 macrophages), both in synovium and synovial fluid of OA rats. The in vitro experiments further confirmed the promotion effect of IDN5706 on M2 macrophages, accompanied by the elevated Arg-1 and reduced iNOS. Also, the upregulated p-mTOR in synovium and synovial fluid of OA rats were reversed by IDN5706, and the decreased M1 macrophages and increased M2 macrophages induced by IDN5706 were reversed by the mTOR activator. IDN5706 enhanced the efferocytosis of IL-4-treated RAW264.7 cells, and the animal experiments further revealed the involvement of efferocytosis in the improvement of OA by IDN5706. Conclusions: IDN5706 enhanced the efferocytosis of synovial macrophages by inducing M2 polarization via inhibiting p-mTOR, thus suppressing synovial inflammation and OA development, providing a theoretical basis for IDN5706 as a clinical drug for inflammatory diseases.
Predictors of the Rapid Progression in Prodromal Parkinson’s Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Linxi , He Xinwei , Mao Lingqun
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a prodromal phase preceding the onset of classic motor symptoms. The duration and clinical manifestations of prodromal PD vary widely, indicating underlying heterogeneity within this stage. This discrepancy prompts the question of whether specific factors contribute to the divergent rates of progression in prodromal PD. Methods: This study included prodromal PD patients from the Parkinson’s progression marker initiative. They were followed up to assess the disease progression. The data collected during the follow-up period were analyzed to identify potential predictors of rapid disease progression in prodromal PD. Results: In this study, 61 individuals with prodromal PD were enrolled. Among them, 43 patients presented with both RBD and hyposmia, 17 had hyposmia alone, and 1 had RBD alone at baseline. 13 (21.3%) prodromal PD participants exhibited rapid disease progression, with two of these cases advancing to non-neurological diseases. Significant differences were observed between the rapid progression group and no rapid progression group in terms of MDS-UPDRS II score and UPSIT score. Longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in the MDS-UPDRS III score and MDS-UPDRS total score in the rapid progression group. Regression analyses identified the MDS-UPDRS II score and UPSIT score as predictors of rapid disease progression in prodromal PD. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that the MDS-UPDRS II score and UPSIT score may serve as clinical markers associated with rapid disease progression. Further research and development of precise biomarkers and advanced assessment methods are needed to enhance our understanding of prodromal PD and its progression patterns.
Learning Curve for No-Touch Vein Harvesting Technique in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Ge Yuguang , Xia Lin , Wang Lu , Yang Zhonglu , Zhang Yuji , Du Yejun , Zhou Entao , Jiang Hui
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The present study sought to analyze the learning curve of no-touch vein harvesting technique in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Logarithmic curve fitting was used to analyze learning curves based on operative time for 160 patients that underwent no-touch CABG. The clinical data of 89 of these patients whose number of grafts was 3 were further retrospectively analyzed based on Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) analysis. Patients were divided into two groups, referring to the surgeon’s learning period and maturation period in chronological order. Perioperative outcomes were compared between two groups. Results: In this study, the learning curve for no-touch vein harvesting technique in off-pump CABG was quantitatively assessed in 51 cases through CUSUM analysis, and the results from logarithmic curve fitting corroborated these findings, indicating a significant milestone in proficiency gain for practitioners. Compared with patients in surgeon’s learning period, the median of the operative, Aorta-saphenous vein graft (SVG) anastomosis, and SVG checking time in the maturation period was significantly shorter (230 min vs. 250 min, p = 0.002; 11.5 min vs. 13.0 min, p = 0.025; 9.0 min vs. 11.0 min, p = 0.002). There was less first 48-h chest tube drainage, shorter postoperative hospital stay and rarer delayed incision healing in the leg in the late period compared with that in the early period (312.6 ± 140.7 mL vs. 401.0 ± 233.5 mL, p = 0.029; 11.0 d vs. 12.0 d, p = 0.026; 15.7% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.043). Conclusion: A cardiac surgeon mastered in CABG using the full-incision SVG harvesting method experienced a learning curve to gain early proficiency in no-touch CABG. In the initial learning period, Aorta-SVG anastomosis, bleeding check of SVG, and wound complications need to be paid more attention.
Cortejando Medusa ou uma abordagem poética da teoria crítica dos processos de criação em artes
Authors: Bueno Elisa Rocha , Bamonte Joedy Luciana Barros Marins
Published: April 2024

The article aims to expose the concept of “process documents” through a mythical format, touching on the position of the critic and the artist in relation to records, in addition to the immateriality of the creative process and the challenges of artistic creation. This approach is justified by enabling the reading of complex and abstract notions belonging to the critical theory of creative processes in the arts through a structure closely linked to human experience, that is, telling stories. To this end, the Greek myth of Perseus and Medusa was selected, especially the section in which the hero uses his shield as a mirror, in order to be able to see Medusa, given that this episode allows us to establish a bridge with the potential of the documents of process of enabling the glimpse of something, a priori, invisible, that is, the creative process itself. The breadth of meanings provided by the symbolic figures that make up the narrative and the specific way in which they relate enable an in-depth poetic investigation of the nature of the aforementioned concepts. For the theoretical basis and development of the discussion, the reasoning developed by Gaston Bachelard was used regarding the essential elements from which the creative movement originates - with emphasis on the water element - and the concepts of archetype and unconscious belonging to Analytical Psychology, formulated by Carl Jung. The study presents a qualitative approach and the procedure used was bibliographical research, emphasizing the unique contribution of Cecilia Almeida Salles.
“A contemporaneidade não me assusta”
Authors: Martinelli Paula
Published: April 2024

Se em nós persiste a curiosidade por flagrar a gênese, embora o trabalho de Cecilia Almeida Salles tenha-nos posto com a devida clareza e amparo teórico que a origem não é senão um grande momento mítico inatingível, compartilhamos com os leitores de Manuscrítica registros de inestimável valor genético: a correspondência que Loyola enviou a Salles em 1988, após ler o primeiro rascunho de sua tese, defendida em 1990, na PUC-SP, e intitulada Uma criação em processo: Ignácio de Loyola Brandão e ‘Não verás país nenhum’ (SALLES, 1990).
Os processos de criação decorrentes da Crônica de Nuremberg e da Gravitação Quântica em Laços (GQL)
Authors: Willemart Philippe Leon Marie
Published: April 2024

Na primeira parte do artigo, comparo os processos de criação sublinhados pelo cartunista-escritor do século XV na Crônica de Nuremberg, comentando o primeiro relato da criação da Gênesis, com as descobertas da gravidade quântica em laços, e sublinho a semelhança de posições do Deus da Bíblia e do artista ou do escritor. Na segunda parte, leio o segundo relato da criação de Gênesis com Vilhém Flusser via Pfutzenreuter-Spinelli insistindo na oposição entre a improbabilidade e a quantidade de informações nas criações divina e artística ou literária, lhe opondo as respostas do ChatGPT. Na terceira parte, lembrando a confusão possível entre a criação artística e a invenção da arte pela inteligência artificial, sugiro a colaboração entre as duas instâncias e com a ajuda da roda da escritura, saliento as diferenças.
Cecilia Salles em ação: refletindo sobre os documentos processuais de uma teoria da criação
Authors: Mangueira Camila
Published: April 2024

The article presents an investigation of Cecilia Salles documents of processes produced during the development of her thesis on Ignácio de Loyola Brandão's creative process in mid-1986. Through these materials, we discuss some of the aspects and methods employed by the thinker while still in training when dealing with the challenge of developing a procedural reading of the writer's archives and establishing theoretical bridges with C. S. Peirce's Semiotics and Genetic Criticism. The reflections include verifying specific elements and contents in the documents, such as hand-copied and xeroxed sheets, with visibility of their dynamics and the diversity of workplaces. The article also contemplates the opportunity for contemporary reflective dialogue with Cecilia in revisiting her documents, revealing new choices and potential characteristics. Through this study, we seek to valorise the theorist's archive, shedding light on the paths of those who wish to pursue procedural studies.
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Preclinical Atherosclerosis Database
Authors: Xiang Rachel R. , Wang Yihua , Shuey Megan M. , Carvajal Brigett V. , Wells Quinn S. , Beckman Joshua A. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Basic scientists have used preclinical animal models to explore mechanisms driving human diseases for decades, resulting in thousands of publications, each supporting causative inferences. Despite substantial advances in the mechanistic construct of disease, there has been limited translation from individual studies to advances in clinical care. An integrated approach to these individual studies has the potential to improve translational success.

METHODS:

Using atherosclerosis as a test case, we extracted data from the 2 most common mouse models of atherosclerosis (ApoE [apolipoprotein E]-knockout and LDLR [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-knockout). We restricted analyses to manuscripts published in 2 well-established journals,
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
and
Circulation
, as of query in 2021. Predefined variables including experimental conditions, intervention, and outcomes were extracted from each publication to produce a preclinical atherosclerosis database.

RESULTS:

Extracted data include animal sex, diet, intervention type, and distinct plaque pathologies (size, inflammation, and lipid content). Procedures are provided to standardize data extraction, attribute interventions to specific genes, and transform the database for use with available transcriptomics software. The database integrates hundreds of genes, each directly tested in vivo for causation in a murine atherosclerosis model. The database is provided to allow the research community to perform integrated analyses that reflect the global impact of decades of atherosclerosis investigation.

CONCLUSIONS:

This database is provided as a resource for future interrogation of sub-data sets associated with distinct plaque pathologies, cell type, or sex. We also provide the methods and software needed to expand this data set and apply this approach to the extensive repository of peer-reviewed data utilizing preclinical models to interrogate mechanisms of diverse human diseases.
Association Between Chest Compression Pause Duration and Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lauridsen Kasper G. , Morgan Ryan W. , Berg Robert A. , Niles Dana E. , Kleinman Monica E. , Zhang Xuemei , Griffis Heather , Del Castillo Jimena , Skellett Sophie , Lasa Javier J. , Raymond Tia T. , Sutton Robert M. , Nadkarni Vinay M. ,   for the pediRES-Q Investigators
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The association between chest compression (CC) pause duration and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes is unknown. The American Heart Association has recommended minimizing pauses in CC in children to <10 seconds, without supportive evidence. We hypothesized that longer maximum CC pause durations are associated with worse survival and neurological outcomes.

METHODS:

In this cohort study of index pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests reported in pediRES-Q (Quality of Pediatric Resuscitation in a Multicenter Collaborative) from July of 2015 through December of 2021, we analyzed the association in 5-second increments of the longest CC pause duration for each event with survival and favorable neurological outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category ≤3 or no change from baseline). Secondary exposures included having any pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds per 2 minutes.

RESULTS:

We identified 562 index in-hospital cardiac arrests (median [Q1, Q3] age 2.9 years [0.6, 10.0], 43% female, 13% shockable rhythm). Median length of the longest CC pause for each event was 29.8 seconds (11.5, 63.1). After adjustment for confounders, each 5-second increment in the longest CC pause duration was associated with a 3% lower relative risk of survival with favorable neurological outcome (adjusted risk ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95–0.99];
P
=0.02). Longest CC pause duration was also associated with survival to hospital discharge (adjusted risk ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96–0.99];
P
=0.01) and return of spontaneous circulation (adjusted risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.91–0.94];
P
<0.001). Secondary outcomes of any pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of CC pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds were each significantly associated with adjusted risk ratio of return of spontaneous circulation, but not survival or neurological outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Each 5-second increment in longest CC pause duration during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest was associated with lower chance of survival with favorable neurological outcome, survival to hospital discharge, and return of spontaneous circulation. Any CC pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds were significantly associated with lower adjusted probability of return of spontaneous circulation, but not survival or neurological outcomes.
Coronary Microvascular Function Following Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Honigberg Michael C. , Economy Katherine E. , Pabón Maria A. , Wang Xiaowen , Castro Claire , Brown Jenifer M. , Divakaran Sanjay , Weber Brittany N. , Barrett Leanne , Perillo Anna , Sun Anina Y. , Antoine Tajmara , Farrohi Faranak , Docktor Brenda , Lau Emily S. , DeFaria Yeh Doreen , Natarajan Pradeep , Sarma Amy A. , Weisbrod Robert M. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Ho Jennifer E. , Roh Jason D. , Wood Malissa J. , Scott Nandita S. , Di Carli Marcelo F.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder associated with an imbalance in circulating proangiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins. Preclinical evidence implicates microvascular dysfunction as a potential mediator of preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular risk.

METHODS:

Women with singleton pregnancies complicated by severe antepartum-onset preeclampsia and a comparator group with normotensive deliveries underwent cardiac positron emission tomography within 4 weeks of delivery. A control group of premenopausal, nonpostpartum women was also included. Myocardial flow reserve, myocardial blood flow, and coronary vascular resistance were compared across groups. sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1) and PlGF (placental growth factor) were measured at imaging.

RESULTS:

The primary cohort included 19 women with severe preeclampsia (imaged at a mean of 15.3 days postpartum), 5 with normotensive pregnancy (mean, 14.4 days postpartum), and 13 nonpostpartum female controls. Preeclampsia was associated with lower myocardial flow reserve (β, −0.67 [95% CI, −1.21 to −0.13];
P
=0.016), lower stress myocardial blood flow (β, −0.68 [95% CI, −1.07 to −0.29] mL/min per g;
P
=0.001), and higher stress coronary vascular resistance (β, +12.4 [95% CI, 6.0 to 18.7] mm Hg/mL per min/g;
P
=0.001) versus nonpostpartum controls. Myocardial flow reserve and coronary vascular resistance after normotensive pregnancy were intermediate between preeclamptic and nonpostpartum groups. Following preeclampsia, myocardial flow reserve was positively associated with time following delivery (
P
=0.008). The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio strongly correlated with rest myocardial blood flow (
r
=0.71;
P
<0.001), independent of hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we observed reduced coronary microvascular function in the early postpartum period following preeclampsia, suggesting that systemic microvascular dysfunction in preeclampsia involves coronary microcirculation. Further research is needed to establish interventions to mitigate the risk of preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular disease.