bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting of Kharif Cereal Production in Odisha by Using Spline Regression Technique
Authors: Basanaik Harsha S. , Dash Abhiram
Published: November 2021

Cereals are prime determinant of agricultural status of the state mainly during kharif season. Forecasting of the production of kharif cereals is of utmost importance to formulate the agricultural policy and strategy of the state. The ARIMA model can be reliably used to forecast for short future periods because uncertainty in prediction increases when done for longer future periods. The predictions obtained from the ordinary regression model are valid only when the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable does not change significantly in the future period which can be rarely assumed. It is expected that the spline regression will overcome the respective discrepancies in both ARIMA and ordinary regression techniques of forecasting with the assumption that the future period which needs forecasting follows the same pattern as the last partitioned period.

The entire period of data is split into different periods based on the scatter plot of the data The suitable regression models, such as, linear, compound, logarithmic and power model are fitted to the data on area and yield of kharif cereals by using the training set data. Selection of best fit model is done on the basis of overall significance of the model, model diagnostic test for error assumptions and model fit statistics. The selected best fit model is then cross validated with the testing set data. After successful cross validation of the selected best fit models, they are used for forecasting of the future values for their respective variables.

The models found to be best fit and thus selected for cross validation purpose are compound spline model for both area and yield of kharif cereals respectively. Forecasting of area, yield and hence production of kharif cereals for six years ahead i.e., for the year 2020-21 to 2025-26 by using the selected best fit model after successful cross validation. The forecast values for production of kharif cereals are found to decrease despite increase in forecast values of yield which is due to decrease in forecast value of area.
Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium falciparum Co-infections among School Children in Bugesera District, Rwanda: Implications for National Control Programs
Authors: Marcelline Umwanankundi , D. Humphrey Mazigo , David Tumusiime , Joseph Mucumbitsi , Sharma Arpita , John Banson Barugahare
Published: November 2021

Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium infections are ubiquitous with morbidity and mortality within the tropical and subtropical regions. However, the extent and consequences of STH-Plasmodium co-infection at different spatial scales are poorly understood. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths and Plasmodium coinfection, and, the impact thereof among school children in Bugesera District of Eastern Rwanda.

Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey

Place and Duration of Study: The survey was conducted in Bugesera district, Eastern Rwanda, between May and December 2020.

Methodology: The survey was conducted among children between ages 5 and 18 years, across 21 randomly selected primary schools. Stool samples were collected and screened for soil transmitted helminths using Kato-Katz, while finger-prick blood samples were examined under the microscope to determine Plasmodium infection.

Results: Overall the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, Hookworm and P. falciparum was 4.43%, 0.76%, 0.16% and 3.15% respectively. On the other hand, 36.15% were co-infected with A. lumbricoides and P. falciparum. Surprisingly, the coinfection was higher 41.79%, (P<0.001) in girls than the overall coinfection prevalence.

Conclusion: Helminthiasis and malaria remain dominant, in spite of the continuing and tremendous national control programs. The strikingly surprising higher prevalence of A. lumbricoides-P. falciparum co-infection in girls calls for additional investigations.
Influence of Open Defecation-Free (ODF) Communication Efforts on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Residents of Selected States in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Agada-Mba Margaret Offoboche , Anorue Luke Ifeanyi
Published: November 2021

Aim: To examine the influence of ODF communication intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice as precursor for sustainable ODF adoption.

Study Design: Data was gathered using a mixed method.  A total of 384 participants were selected from the South-South region using multistage sampling technique.

Place and Duration: A total of eight communities were selected from four states (Cross River, Rivers, Delta and Bayelsa) in South-South Nigeria. The study was conducted between June and July 2019.

Methodology: A total of eight focus group discussions were held, one in each community while 384 copies of questioners were administered, 48 for each community.

Results: indicates high awareness (89%) of ODF but poor understanding. Significant difference in knowledge between those exposed and those not exposed to ODF communication intervention was revealed. Attitude to ODF was poor and insignificant between those exposed and those not exposed. Practice towards ODF initiative was manifest in the proper handling of child feaces, ownership and use of toilet while a binary logistic regression of demographic factors associated with the likelihood of practice towards ODF initiative revealed gender, education and age as the three strongest. Other factors impacting negatively on sustained ODF adoption are inappropriate and inadequate communication, denial of structural constraints and intervention systemic glitches.

Conclusion: The relevance ODF communication intervention is established yet inappropriate and adequate application as well as other factors combines to obscure the full realization of its potential in improving defecation practices.  A region specific ODF intervention and evidence based participatory communication approaches are recommended.
A Constructive Method for Generating Short Presentations for the Symmetric Groups Sm+n, S2m and Smn
Authors: Samaila D. , Shu’aibu G. N. , Modu B. A.
Published: November 2021

A long-standing problem is how to create a short-length presentation for finite groups of degree n. This paper aimed at presenting a concrete method for generating presentations for the groups Sm+n, S2m and Smn for all m,nÎZ+ with fewer relations than the existing literature from the presentations of Sm and Sn. The aim is achieved by considering finite groups acting on sets and Cartesian product of groups which lead to the construction of multiple transformations as representatives of some finite groups.
Noninvasive Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Ventilation in Blunt Chest Trauma
Authors: Mahran Mai Mohammed , El-Kalla Rehab Said , Khalek Sallam Ayman Abd El , El Heniedy Mohamed Ahmed , EL- Gendy Hala Mohey El- deen
Published: November 2021

Background: Chest injury was found to cause death in 20%–25% of multiple trauma patients. Thoracic trauma is, therefore, important in the overall management of multiple injury patients and may require a longer stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and use of mechanical ventilation.

Methods: This prospective randomized clinical study was in Emergency Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospitals. For, 88 adult patients with blunt chest injury. Patients were enrolled in this study aged ≥18 years old classified into two equal groups: Group I (Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation group) = 44 patient: Patients in this group received BIPAP. Group II (Control group=44 patient: Patients in this group have received high flow O2 by mask O2 without use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Data of collection were: the demographic data, Frequent arterial blood gas analysis of all patients every 6 hrs. Respiratory rate, Arterial blood pressure, Heart rate were recorded: every 6 h. All Patients receive analgesia. Evaluate outcome: a-Primary outcome. Tracheal intubation, duration of ventilation. b-Secondary outcome. Mortality, ICU length stay. And Chest Trauma Scoring System.

Results: Ten patients (22%) were intubated and mechanically ventilated in group I (BiPAP). with mean value of duration of ventilation 34.4 hrs. But at group II 16   patients (36%) were intubated and mechanically ventilated with mean value of duration of ventilation 34.12 hrs. ICU stay at group I (BiPAP) was statistically decrease of number of days when compared to group II (control). 6 days at group I and 12 days at group II. In this study no case of mortality was recorded with non-invasive ventilation, although three mortality cases were recorded with the control group.

Conclusion: This study recommends the pre-emptive use of Non-Invasive Ventilation in the treatment for blunt chest injury in patients at risk for respiratory failure. Success of Non-Invasive Ventilation depends on improvement of hypercarbia and hypoxemia in patients impending respiratory failure due to reversible cause as blunt chest trauma with the expectation of a good outcome and avoidance of intubation.
Prospects for Improving Building Maintenance Management in Nigerian Public Universities: A Case Study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University
Authors: I. Ohaedeghasi Christian , Ezeokoli Fidelis O. , N. Agu Nathan , C. Okolie Kevin , C. Ugochukwu Stanley
Published: November 2021

Buildings are highly resourceful in the effective operation of tertiary institutions. It is imperative that these assets should be given good maintenance attention for effective performance. Public institutions have always been faced with ineffective maintenance of buildings due to bureaucratic constraints and poor maintenance culture. This study is aimed at establishing prospects for improving maintenance management and performance of buildings in public universities in Nigeria, using Nnamdi Azikiwe University as a case study. The study adopted a survey research approach using a structured questionnaire. A total of 148 responses were gotten from the Works and Services Department and Heads of academic departments out of 203 distributed questionnaires, being a 72.9% response rate. The questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics technique. The study variables were examines using mean, with an acceptance benchmark of 3 and above. This implies that any issue that has the mean of the responses to be 3.0 will be regarded as “agreed”, while those whose mean of their responses are less than 3.0 will be regarded as “disagreed”. Mean and standard deviation of each item were determined, and ranking were then assigned to them. From the research findings, it is evident that there are statistically significant prospects for improving on the poor state of building maintenance management in the study area. The study therefore recommends that adoption and deployment of computerized maintenance management system that would handle all aspects of users’ reporting and feedback, scheduling and coordination of activities; intensive training and retraining program for the maintenance personnel, orientation programs for building users on healthy maintenance culture and regular building condition survey should be incorporated as prospects for improving building maintenance management in the study area.
Contextualization of Theory and Practices of Teachers’ Effective Professional Development Features in Primary Schools of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Geletu Girma Moti , Mekonnen Dawit , Mekonnen Geberew Tulu
Published: November 2021

Aims: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate contextualization of theory and practices of teachers’ effective professional development features in primary schools in Ethiopia.

Methodolody: Concurrent triangulation mixed method design was employed in the study. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, observation, and document examination were used to collect the data. A total of 615 participants took part in the study. The quantitative data were analyzed by using means, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, one-way-ANOVA, and multiple regression. The textual and contextual qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were interpreted and concurrently triangulated.

Results: Teachers did not incorporate and implement professional development critical features in continuous professional development (CPD) plans and activities. The prevailed effects from these professional development features were [content-focus, R2 =.105, active learning, R2 = .072, coherence (R2=.043, collective participation, R2=.037, and sustained duration, R2=.014]. The cumulative outcomes of effectiveness of CPD practices added to multiple regression (R2=.271) accounted for 27.1% to cause teachers’ improve classroom instruction though professional dynamics predict that professional development practice is effective when it causes teachers improve professional practices. Teachers’ participation in CPD activities, learning potential from CPD and application of new knowledge and pedagogical skills in the classroom were rated (M1=17.82, M2 = 15.74 & M3 = 14.79) by teachers and mentors and principals respectively. There was no statistically significant difference at p >.05 level in mean scores [F (2, 535) = 2.052, p = .135].

Conclusion: The findings of the study have implications for teachers in terms of planning and implementing specific class content and reflection activities in order to gain appropriate professional competences. Teachers need to upgrade their skills as they were not performing well in the classroom.
The Wellbeing of Working Mothers before and after a COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Smith Andrew P. , James Arwel
Published: November 2021

Background: This is the third article from a project on the wellbeing of staff, students, and parents at a Welsh-medium Secondary School. It focuses on the wellbeing of working mothers before COVID-19 lockdown, immediately after lockdown, and perceptions of the longer-term impact of the pandemic. The research used the wellbeing process model, which examines predictors of positive and negative wellbeing outcomes.

Aims: The study had three aims. First, to examine whether the wellbeing process model can be applied to working mothers. Secondly, to investigate the addition of new variables to the model. Finally, to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown and identify predictors of post-lockdown wellbeing.

Methodology: The research was carried out with the informed consent of the volunteers (N=202; mean age = 42.7 years, standard deviation (sd) = 8.5) and the approval of the School of Psychology, Cardiff University, ethics committee. An online survey was conducted, and regressions were carried out to investigate associations between the predictor variables and the wellbeing outcomes. Predictors of post-lockdown wellbeing were also investigated.

Results: The pre-COVID results generally agreed with the predictions of the wellbeing model. Positive wellbeing was associated with job resources, social support, psychological capital and healthy lifestyle. It was negatively associated with negative coping and daytime sleepiness. Negative wellbeing was associated with job demands, negative coping, daytime sleepiness and finding stressful situations threatening. It was negatively associated with social support, a healthy lifestyle and stable personality. Positive wellbeing after the lockdown was associated with job resources and stable personality. It was negatively associated with social isolation and negative wellbeing. Social isolation was associated with the negative effect of the pandemic on longer-term wellbeing, and a healthy lifestyle was negatively associated with this variable.

Conclusion: The results confirmed that the wellbeing process model applies to Welsh working mothers. Lockdown during COVID-19 affected wellbeing, with the stress of isolation being the most significant influence.
Seasonal Changes of Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factor of Three Fish Species from the Tanoe-Ehy Swamp Forest (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Konan Yao Aristide , Monney Attoube Ida , Simmou Yomi Junior , Kone Tidiani
Published: November 2021

Aims: The Tanoe-Ehy swamp forest (TESF) is a freshwater swampy area characterized by seasonal variation of environmental parameters and fish diversity. So, the aim of this study was to analyze seasonal variations of growth parameters and condition factors of the three abundant species.

Methodology: Specimens were collected by using gill nets and fyke nets, measured and weighed. Length-weight relationship (LWR), Fulton’s condition (KF) and relative condition (KR) factors were analyzed from Standard Length (SL) and body weight (BW).

Results: The Standard Length of Clarias buettikoferi, Thysochromis ansorgii and Parachana obscura varied between 9.50 and 29.30 cm, 4.60 and 11.50 cm, 10.70 and 29.30 cm, respectively. The growth type of population was allometric negative for C. buettikoferi and P. obscura and isometric for T. ansorgii. In terms of seasonal variation, C. buettikoferi females and P. obscura specimens exhibited isometric growth in dry seasons (DS) against a negative allometric growth in flooded seasons (FS). In contrast, female and combined sex specimens of T. ansorgii showed positive allometric growth in DS and isometric growth type in FS. KR varied between 0.76 and 2.02 and was significantly higher in FS than in DS, indicating a state of well-being during flooded seasons in the 3 species.

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between length with weight and both condition factor for the three species. This study provided the first data about fish body measurements in the TESF and concluded that LWRs and condition factors of the three fish species were strongly influenced by seasonal variations in hydrological conditions.
Development and Quality Analysis of Wheat Bran Enriched Herbal Cookies
Authors: Jadhav V. K. , Ghodke S. V. , Shere P. D. , Agrawal R. S.
Published: November 2021

Wheat bran, byproduct of the wheat milling has extensive applications in the food industry attributing to its high dietary fiber (polysaccharides), protein and minerals content. Dietary fiber assist in gastrointestinal health maintenance and diseases risk reduction (Diverticular disease, heart disease, cancer and diabetes). Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) contains numerous bioactive compounds (Caryophyllin, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acid, thymol,methyl chavicol, citral, carvacrol, and caryophyllene) imparting health benefits. Tulsi being rich in antioxidants advised for fighting free radicals and excess oxidative damage. In developing countries like India, with growing urbanization healthy bakery products demand is progressively rising in both urban and rural area. Hence, sincere efforts were undertaken to develop functionally and nutritionally enhanced cookies by incorporating wheat bran and tulsi powder. The cookies were developed by replacing refined wheat flour with varying level of wheat bran (20-35%). Cookies formulated with 30% wheat bran was observed to be sensorially best sample against other levels. Hence this sample was further selected for incorporation of tulsi powder (1-3%) and subjected to physical, chemical and sensory analysis. Sensory score indicated 1% tulsi powder incorporated cookie sample was highly acceptable against rest of the samples. The wheat bran (30%) and tulsi powder (1%) incorporation increased the dietary fiber (42.43%) and protein content (27.69%) without affecting on sensory parameters. The enhanced total phenol content (63.66%) and antioxidant activity (16.30%) was emerged out as one of the achievements of present investigation.
Synthetic Data and Health Privacy
Authors: Abgrall Gwénolé , Monnet Xavier , Arora Anmol
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses generative artificial intelligence and safeguarding privacy by using synthetic data as a substitute for private health data.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality in Chinese Adolescents
Authors: He Yitong , Jiang Weiqing , Wang Wanxin , Liu Qianyu , Peng Shuyi , Guo Lan
Published: December 2024

Importance

Studies investigating the role of supportive school environments in associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality among adolescents are lacking.

Objective

To assess associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality among adolescents and examine the modifying role of supportive school environments in such associations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Using data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes Chinese adolescents in grades 7 through 12 from 326 schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from March to October 2024.

Exposure

ACEs, including individual indicators and cumulative numbers by total and categorized as threat-related and deprivation-related ACEs, were assessed.

Main Outcome and Measures

NSSI, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts were measured using validated questionnaires. Weighted Poisson regression models were used. The modifying interaction of supportive school environments was assessed using multiplicative interactions.

Results

Among 95 549 adolescents included in this study (mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.8] years; 47 617 males [49.8%]), 45 236 individuals (47.3%) had experienced at least 1 ACE. Compared with adolescents with no ACEs, those who experienced 4 or more ACEs had an increased risk of NSSI (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.30-1.33) and suicidality (ideation: PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.39-1.42; attempts: PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27) after adjusting for covariates, including supportive school environments. A dose-response association was observed between the number of ACEs and the risk of NSSI and suicidality (eg, NSSI: PR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.06 for exposure to 1 vs 0 ACEs; PR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.10-1.11 for exposure to 2 vs 0 ACEs). The highest PRs were found for associations of threat-related ACEs (eg, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and bullying) with NSSI and suicidality (eg, exposure to ≥2 vs 0 threat-related ACEs: PR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.27-1.29 for NSSI; PR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.32-1.34 for ideation; PR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.17-1.19 for attempts). All individual ACE indicators were positively associated with NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high PRs for emotional abuse (eg, PR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.24-1.27 for NSSI). Additionally, supportive school environments significantly modified associations of ACEs with NSSI and suicidality (eg, interaction ratio for NSSI, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88).

Conclusion and relevance

In this study, exposure to ACEs was associated with an increased risk of NSSI and suicidality, with particularly high increases for threat-related ACEs, independent of the interaction of supportive school environments, but supportive school environments could modify such detrimental outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing school environments to prevent NSSI and suicidality among adolescents who have experienced ACEs.
High‐Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry – Theory and Applications
Authors: Welz Bernhard , Vale Maria Goreti R. , Florek Stefan , Okruss Michael , Huang Mao‐Dong , Becker‐Ross Helmut , Resano Martín
Published: December 2024

High‐resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR‐CS AAS) is probably the most innovative technique in the field of atomic spectrometry since the introduction of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) in the 1980s. Although it uses the basic principle of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), i.e. the absorption of radiation by atoms in the gas phase, HR‐CS AAS should not just be considered an improved AAS but a new technique with an impressive number of new features. HR‐CS AAS is a new player in the field of atomic spectrometry and must be compared with all the other techniques that are available. We give a short historical introduction about the development of HR‐CS AAS since the 1960s, although it was only in the 1990s, when components that are essential for the proper performance of this technique became available. Theoretical considerations are treated to the extent that is necessary to understand the basic difference between line source atomic absorption spectrometry (LS AAS) and HR‐CS AAS. This is followed by a comprehensive treatment of the instrumental details from the continuum radiation source over the high‐resolution monochromator to the array detector, also giving an insight into the essential control functions to guarantee trouble‐free operation. The special features of HR‐CS AAS are discussed in detail to make possible a comparison with the other techniques of atomic spectrometry. One of these features is the possibility of determining nonmetals, such as phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, and the halogens using molecular absorption “lines”. The potential of the instrumentation to attain isotopic information, also based on the monitoring of molecular absorption, is discussed. Section 5 presents a panoply of applications that show that HR‐CS AAS, in combination with a graphite tube atomizer, is one of the most rugged analytical techniques for trace‐element determination in solids and complex samples currently available.
The Role of Classroom Collective Efficacy and Self‐Concept in Peer Relationship and Victimization of Elementary School Students: A Multilevel Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Shi Leishan , Wu Yuping , Ji Xufeng
Published: December 2024

Few studies have distinguished and compared the relationships and pathways between peer acceptance, peer rejection, friendship quality, self‐concept, and victimization, as well as their interactions with classroom characteristics. This study aimed to address this gap by examining these relationships over 1 year, focusing on the roles of collective efficacy and self‐concept at both the classroom and individual levels. A sample of 1053 elementary school students in grades 4–6 across 36 classes completed questionnaires, and a multilevel moderated mediation model was constructed. After controlling for gender and grade, the study found: (1) The association between friendship quality and victimization was the strongest, followed by peer acceptance and peer rejection, with no significant difference between the latter two. (2) Peer acceptance was related to victimization entirely through self‐concept, while peer rejection was directly related to victimization. Friendship quality was primarily related to victimization directly rather than through self‐concept. (3) Collective efficacy was negatively related to victimization and moderated the relationships between peer rejection, friendship quality, and victimization. Higher collective efficacy reduced the association between peer rejection and victimization but diminished the protective effect of friendship quality on victimization. This study not only clarified the specific roles and pathways of peer acceptance, peer rejection, and friendship quality in relation to victimization but also highlighted the protective role of peer interactions at the classroom level, enhancing our understanding of victimization dynamics.
Transparent and Durable Terahertz Absorber Based on Enhanced Wave‐Ion Interaction
Authors: Xie Wenke , Xie Jinlong , Li Sitong , Liu Jiateng , Xiao Xu , Wen Qiye , Ding Tianpeng
Published: December 2024

Hydrogels, featuring high flexibility and stretchability, have intense wave‐matter interaction in the terahertz (THz) band and high transparency in the visible light band, making them promising materials for transparent THz absorbers in the optical windows of THz devices. However, conventional hydrogels suffer from poor environmental stability, as water evaporation or freezing at subzero temperatures weakens their THz absorption and visible transmittance. Here, An ion‐rich hydrogel film is presented to concurrently boost the THz wave‐ion and intermolecular interactions. The boosted interactions increase the ionic conduction loss and improve the antidrying and antifreezing performance. As a result, with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the encapsulation layer and antireflection layer, the flexible ionic‐hydrogel‐based THz absorber shows a high maximum reflection loss (RL) of 86.51 dB in the 0.5–4.5 THz range (100% qualified bandwidth) and a high average visible transmittance of 90.87% with a thickness of only 300 µm. Moreover, it still possesses a high average RL of 39.35 dB after 80 days at room temperature and a high average electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of 42.30 dB at −10 °C. This work demonstrates the feasibility of transparent ionic THz absorbers, offering inspiration for future ionic THz device designs.
Humidity‐Resistant Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Utilizing a Bound‐Water‐Rich Zwitterionic Hydrogel With Microphase‐Separated Domains
Authors: Ding Yutong , Guo Hongxin , Ouyang Mi , Meng Ge , Chen Feng , Kuang Tairong
Published: December 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent an effective approach for transforming mechanical energy into electrical power, making them suitable for wearable electronic applications. Hydrogels as TENGs electrodes are common, but their use as direct triboelectric layers remains insufficiently explored. Here, a novel zwitterionic monomer 3‐{1‐[6‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methyl‐3,8‐dioxo‐9‐aza‐4,7‐dioxadodec‐1‐en‐12‐yl]imidazol‐3‐ium‐3‐yl}propane‐1‐sulfonate (VNIPS) is synthesized in combination with acrylic acid (AA) and zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) to create a double‐network zwitterionic hydrogel. The hydrogel is developed using a solvent‐exchange process that facilitated the creation of microphase‐separated domains, notablely increasing its mechanical strength (211.9 kPa, 472.3%), conductivity (0.6 mS cm−1), and anti‐freezing capability (−18.3 °C). In addition, the hydrogel's hydrophilic groups interacted with water molecules, reducing charge loss in humid conditions. When employed as the triboelectric positive layer, the hydrogel‐based TENGs achieved a substantial charge density of 456 µC m−2 and an output power density of 464 mW m−2, while maintaining a steady open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 97 V, with 92% retention under 80% relative humidity. Moreover, the hydrogel's strong adhesion and biocompatibility make it suitable for wearable applications, such as motion sensing and Morse code communication. This work demonstrates the feasibility of zwitterionic hydrogels as triboelectric materials, providing a new strategy for creating efficient, humidity‐resistant energy harvesters.
Decoupling Interfacial Stability and Ion Transport in Solid Polymer Electrolyte by Tailored Ligand Chemistry for Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Lin Ruifan , Jin Yingmin , Li Yumeng , Fu Mengyu , Gong Yuxin , Lei Lei , Zhang Yong , Xu Jijian , Xiong Yueping
Published: December 2024

Achieving fast ion transport kinetics and high interfacial stability simultaneously is challenging for polymer electrolytes in solid‐state lithium batteries, as the coordination environment optimal for Li+ conduction struggles to generate desirable interphase chemistry. Herein, the adjustable property of organic ligands is exploited in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to develop a hierarchical composite electrolyte, incorporating heterogeneous and spatially confined MOF nanofillers into a poly‐1,3‐dioxolane matrix. The defect‐engineered University of Oslo‐66 MOFs (UiO‐66d) with tailored Lewis acidity can separate ion pairs and optimize Li+ migration through weakened solvation effects, thereby enhancing ion conductivity by over sixfold (0.85 mS cm−1@25 °C). At the lithium anode side, a densified University of Oslo‐67 MOFs (UiO‐67) layer with conjugated π electrons facilitates anion participation in the solvation sheath, promoting anion reduction and thereby forming LiF/Li3N‐dominated solid electrolyte interphase for isotropic Li deposition. The as‐assembled Li||LiFePO4 full cell delivers superior cycling stability with 92.7% of capacity retained over 2000 cycles at 2 C. Notably, the developed electrolyte demonstrates excellent compatibility with high‐voltage cathodes, achieving 80% capacity retention with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 over 630 cycles. This work provides valuable insights into decoupling transport and interfacial challenges in solid‐state lithium batteries, paving the way for advanced battery technologies.
In Situ Polymerized Fluorine‐Free Ether Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Stable Interface for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Xuanfeng , Chu Fulu , Li Daqing , Si Mingjiang , Liu Mengting , Wu Feixiang
Published: December 2024

Lithium metal batteries offer increased energy density compared to traditional lithium‐ion batteries. Commercial carbonate‐based electrolytes are incompatible with lithium metal anodes, while ether‐based electrolytes, though more suitable, tend to degrade under high potentials. Here, a fluorine‐free ether‐based gel polymer electrolyte (FEGPE) has been developed via incorporating lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)azanide (LiTFSI) as lithium salt, 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) as solvents, and indium trifluoromethanesulphonate (In(OTF)3) as an initiator. DME is used to promote dissolution of the In(OTF)3 in DOL, along with enhanced ion transport of the FEGPE. Compared to traditional ether‐based liquid electrolytes, the FEGPE demonstrates significantly improved antioxidant decomposition ability at high potentials, stemming from intermolecular hydrogen bond formation and decreased lone‐pair electron activity of ether oxygen. Additionally, the FEGPE reduces the lithium deposition energy barrier and enables a stable electrolyte/electrode interface by forming Li‐In alloys and LiF components in solid electrolyte interphases. In turn, Li|FEGPE|LiFePO4 cells exhibit a high initial capacity of 151 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, with an outstanding capacity retention of 97% over 300 cycles. For high‐voltage cathodes, Li|FEGPE|LiN0.8iCo0.1Mn0.1O2 cells deliver an initial capacity of 167 mAh g−1 at 1 C, achieving a capacity retention of 75% over 500 cycles.
Optical Properties of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles for Solar Light Harvesting and Photo‐Thermoelectric Conversion
Authors: Miao Runpeng , Bissoli Michael , Amendola Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are renowned for their optical properties, nonetheless, challenges persist for applications in broadband quantitative light harvesting from ultraviolet to the near infrared, for instance matching the emission spectrum of sunlight. The challenges are related to limited spectral coverage, low photothermal conversion efficiency, low photostability, low environmental, and economic sustainability of the NPs synthesis. Here, the optical properties of spherical Au NPs are compared with two anisotropic Au nanostructures, aggregated Au nanospheres and Au nanocorals, purposely designed to exhibit broadband absorption. The anisotropic Au NPs are obtained by a convenient, green, and scalable laser ablation in liquid procedure, with the nanocorals exhibiting flat plasmon absorption extending beyond 2500 nm. The optical and photothermal capabilities of these nanostructures are compared with experimental and numerical calculations. Besides, the Au NPs are tested against the direct transduction of light into electricity by photo‐thermoelectric generators (photo‐TEGs). In fact, the conversion efficiency of TEGs depends on the presence of a steep temperature gradient, achievable under broadband illumination of the anisotropic NPs. This investigation guides to the optimal anisotropic gold NPs for panchromatic light harvesting, which finds relevance across diverse sectors from sunlight energy conversion to photothermal effects in optoelectronics and biomedical applications.
Efficient and Long Lifetime Red InP‐Based QLEDs Enabled by Simultaneously Improved Carrier Injection Balance and Depressed Leakage
Authors: Wang Shuaibing , Yang Wanying , Li Yu , Lin Ouyang , Niu Wentao , Chen Mengyuan , Hu Binbin , Chen Fei , Shen Huaibin , Teng Feng , Yang Chunhe , Tang Aiwei
Published: December 2024

InP quantum dots (QDs), without heavy metals, show great potential for display and lightening applications. However, achieving efficient InP‐based quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) with extended operational lifetime remains challenging due to unbalanced carrier injection within the device. In this study, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is introduced as an intermediate layer between the QDs emitting layer (EML) and the ZnMgO electron transport layer (ETL). This intermediate layer is designed to block excess electron injection into the QDs layer and simultaneously reduce leakage current. Additionally, the introduction of PVP can passivate QDs/ETL interface defects and inhibit exciton quenching of QDs by the ZnMgO ETL. The optimized device achieves a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.5% and a long T95 operational lifetime of over 800 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2 for red InP‐based QLEDs emitting at 624 nm. Both the EQE and the T95 operational lifetime represent the highest values achieved for red InP‐based QLEDs to date.
Progress and Perspective of Noble‐Metal‐Free Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Duan Ning , Wang Jiawen , Wang Ruizhe , Han Guosheng , Wu Xianli , Liu Yanyan , Li Baojun
Published: December 2024

Rechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages, such as high energy density, low price, and environmental friendliness. However, the sluggish kinetics of ORR/OER greatly prevent the practical application of rechargeable ZABs. In recent years, efficient, durable, and cost‐effective bifunctional catalysts are developed to accelerate the kinetics of ORR/OER and enhance the performance of ZABs. This review provides a systematic overview of ZABs and describes the standards of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. The latest research progress in the development of non‐noble metal‐based and nano‐metallic electrocatalysts for the air electrode of ZABs is systematically summarized, including the classification, design, synthesis methods, active site structures, and mechanism. Finally, the challenges faced by bifunctional catalysts and probable solutions are proposed. This review will provide a comprehensive guidance for development of efficient oxygen electrocatalyst in the future.
Microplastics Generate Less Mineral Protection of Soil Carbon and More CO2 Emissions
Authors: Shi Jia , Tanentzap Andrew J. , Sun Yuanze , Wang Jianjun , Xing Baoshan , Rillig Matthias C. , Li Changchao , Jin Ling , Wang Fang , Adyel Tanveer M. , Shang Jianying , Wang Xiang , Wang Jie
Published: December 2024

Microplastic pollution in terrestrial ecosystems threatens to destabilize large soil carbon stocks that help to mitigate climate change. Carbon‐based substrates can release from microplastics and contribute to terrestrial carbon pools, but how these emerging organic compounds influence carbon mineralization and sequestration remains unknown. Here, microcosm experiments are conducted to determine the bioavailability of microplastic‐derived dissolved organic matter (MP‐DOM) in soils and its contribution to mineral‐associated carbon pool. The underlying mechanisms are identified by estimating its spectroscopic and molecular signatures and comparing its sorption properties on model minerals with natural organic matter (NOM). The results show that MP‐DOM leads to 21–576% higher CO2 emissions and 34–83% lower mineral‐associated organic carbon in soils than NOM, depending on the type of plastic polymer. DOM from biodegradable microplastics induces higher CO2 emissions than conventional microplastics. It is found that MP‐DOM is 7.96 times more labile than NOM, making it more accessible for microbial utilization. The lower degree of humification, fewer polar functional groups, and higher H/C ratios in MP‐DOM also led to 3.96 times less sorption with mineral particles. The findings provide insights into the effects of microplastics on soil carbon storage and highlight their consequences for wider terrestrial carbon cycling and climate warming.
Nano‐Armed Limosilactobacillus reuteri for Enhanced Photo‐Immunotherapy and Microbiota Tryptophan Metabolism against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xu Haiting , Wang Yajun , Liu Ga , Zhu Zhenhua , Shahbazi Mohammad‐Ali , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Shi Xiaoxiao , Zu Menghang , Xiao Bo
Published: December 2024

Despite being a groundbreaking approach to treating colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of immunotherapy is significantly compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and dysbiotic intestinal microbiota. Here, leveraging the superior carrying capacity and innate immunity‐stimulating property of living bacteria, a nanomedicine‐engineered bacterium, LR‐S‐CD/CpG@LNP, with optical responsiveness, immune‐stimulating activity, and the ability to regulate microbiota metabolome is developed. Immunoadjuvant (CpG) and carbon dot (CD) co‐loaded plant lipid nanoparticles (CD/CpG@LNPs) are constructed and conjugated to the surface of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive linkers. The inherent photothermal and photodynamic properties of oral CD/CpG@LNPs induce in situ cytotoxic ROS generation and immunogenic cell death of colorectal tumor cells. The generated neoantigens and the released CpG function as a potent in situ vaccine that stimulates the maturation of immature dendritic cells. The mature dendritic cells and metabolites secreted by LR subsequently facilitated the tumor infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to eradicate colorectal tumors. The further in vivo results demonstrate that the photo‐immunotherapy and intestinal microbial metabolite regulation of LR‐S‐CD/CpG@LNPs collectively suppressed the growth of orthotopic colorectal tumors and their liver metastases, presenting a promising avenue for synergistic treatment of CRC via the oral route.
Continuous and Extremely Flat Ag Electrode by Tailoring Surface Energy for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cho Won Seok , Park Jae Yong , Gim Seungo , Dong Wan Jae , Kim Soo Young , Lee Jong‐Lam
Published: December 2024

The exploration of alternative transparent electrodes to indium tin oxide (ITO) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a topic of interest. Among various candidates, ultrathin and continuous metal films have garnered significant interest for their ability to offer both transparency and conductivity. However, due to the higher surface energy of metals compared to substrates, metal films tend to grow in a discrete island shape, resulting in poor conductivity and even low transparency due to a localized surface plasmon by metal islands. In this work, a way to produce homogeneous ultrathin and continuous Ag film (UCAF) achieved through primary NF3 plasma treatment on a glass substrate is proposed. This treatment introduces F bonds on the surface, enhancing the hydrophilicity of the glass surface and facilitating the formation of UCAF with high optical transmittance (>70%) and low sheet resistance (<10 Ω/ϒ). By incorporating UCAF into OLEDs as a bottom electrode, the current efficiency showed an 86% enhancement compared to an ITO bottom electrode at an operating current density of 10 mA cm−2. Numerical simulation results elucidated superior light extraction efficiency in OLED with UCAF compared to that with ITO, attributed to both cavity effect and reduced waveguide mode at the organic/electrode interface.
Specialty Care Oases: Utilizing Geographic Information Systems to Evaluate Specialty Care Access for Individuals With Down Syndrome
Authors: Jensen Kayla , Llamas Paul , Howard Jace , Berger Heidi , Skotko Brian G.
Published: December 2024

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition occurring in about 220,000 individuals in the United States. Previous research showed almost 1 in 5 individuals with Down syndrome in the U.S. face significant geographic obstacles to receiving specialty care. The purpose of this study was to extend this work and learn more about socioeconomic barriers to Down syndrome specialty clinics. We quantified the percentage of the general population in each U.S. state living within a 2‐hour drive of a Down syndrome specialty care clinic. We created a Down Syndrome Specialty Care Access Score to quantify access to these clinics utilizing clinical and socioeconomic variables. Nationally, between 56% and 65% of the general population lives within 2 hours of a Down syndrome specialty care clinic. If patients are not allowed to cross state lines to receive medical care, residents in 15 states and the District of Columbia do not have any access to a Down syndrome specialty care clinic. Access is significantly correlated with higher household income and lower rurality scores. The majority of patients with Down syndrome in the United States do not have access to Down syndrome specialty clinics. Innovative usage of technology might be useful in minimizing these disparities in healthcare accessibility.
Long‐term Outcomes of PRP Injections for Post‐viral Olfactory Loss: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fieux Maxime , Castro Bruna R. , Jang Sophie S. , Yan Carol H. , Patel Zara M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injections have previously been shown to benefit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐induced smell loss. It is unknown if that benefit is stable over time. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes at 1‐year post‐intervention.

Methods

Prospective cohort study. Sixteen patients (10 PRP and six placebo) from the original PRP randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial, and a further 16 patients from smell clinic who were a year out from initial treatment (six PRP patients and 10 non‐PRP) were enrolled. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Tests (UPSITs) and visual analog scale (VAS) subjective scores were compared to initial scores.

Results

There was no difference between groups with respect to age, gender, race, duration of smell loss prior to intervention, smoking or diabetes status, Charlson comorbidity index, presence of phantosmia or parosmia, or baseline UPSIT score. The PRP group had a significantly higher change in UPSIT score at 1 year (p = 0.001), a higher number of patients who met the minimal clinically important difference for the UPSIT (87.5% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.004), and a significantly greater change in VAS at 1 year (p = 0.001), compared to those who did not receive injections. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, no factors appeared to have a significant effect on these findings.

Conclusion

PRP injections into the olfactory cleft now have long‐term data suggesting benefit in both subjective and psychophysical measures of smell, and improvements in both realms at 1 year are significantly higher than in those who do not receive the injections.
Enhancing battery longevity by regulating the solvation chemistry of organic iodide
Authors: Shang Wenshuo , Chen Qianwu , Chen Song , Zhang Jintao
Published: December 2024

For rechargeable zinc‐iodine batteries, the low electrical conductivity of iodine and the easy dissolution of polyiodide in the electrolyte need to be carefully managed to ensure efficient operation. Herein, we introduce an organic iodized salt, formamidinium iodide (CH5N2I), to modulate the solvation structure of iodide ion, aimed to improve the reaction kinetics of iodine for reversible redox conversion. The participation of formamidinium ion (FA+) into solvation structure leads to the formation of the favorable FAIZn(H2O)42+ complex, facilitating easier desolvation for redox conversion with iodine. Consequently, the inhibited formation of soluble polyiodide efficiently suppresses self‐discharging and improves reversible redox conversion. Specifically, the fabricated battery demonstrates extraordinary cycling stability, with 90.1 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles and high coulombic efficiency of 99.6 %. These results provide inspiring principles to develop organohalide materials for high‐performance rechargeable batteries through the solvation modification and interface regulation strategies.