bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newly synthesized chitosan nanoparticles loaded with caffeine/moringa leaf extracts Halt Her2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 expressions
Authors: Mohammed Hanaa , Karhib Mustafa M. , Al-Fahad Karrar Sabah Jaafar , Atef Atef Mohamed , Eskandrani Areej , Darwish Amira Abd-elfattah , Sary Ahmed Abdallah , Elwakil Bassma H. , Bakr Basant A. , Eldrieny Ahmed M.
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer is among the highest morbidity and mortality rates in women around the world. In the present investigation we aimed to synthesis novel nanosystem combining two naturally important anticancer agents with different mechanism of action namely Moringa oleifera and caffeine. Firstly, chemical analysis of Moringa oleifera extract and caffeine was done by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) in order to assess the main chemical compounds present and correlate between them and the possible anticancer effect. The novel nanosystem was characterized through dynamic light scattering techniques which revealed the stability and homogeneity of the prepared M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine loaded chitosan nanoparticles, while FTIR and transmission electron microscope (TEM) proved the shape and the successful incorporation of M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine onto the nanochitosan carrier. Our initial step was to assess the anticancer effect in vitro in cancer cell line MCF-7 which proved the significant enhanced effect of M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine nanosystem compared to M. oleifera leaves extract or caffeine loaded nanoparticles. Further studies were conducted in vivo namely tumor biomarkers, tumor volume, bioluminescence imaging, molecular and histopathological investigations. The present study proved the potent anticancer effect of the synthesized M. oleifera leaves extract/Caffeine loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Mo/Caf/CsNPs exhibited a large number of apoptotic cells within the tumor mass while the adipose tissue regeneration was higher compared to the positive control. The prepared nanoparticles downregulated the expression of Her2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 while mTOR expression was upregulated. The aforementioned data demonstrated the successful synergistic impact of Moringa and caffeine in decreasing the carcinoma grade.
Comparison of the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma and injectable platelet-rich fibrin on testicular torsion/detorsion injury in rats
Authors: Eisa Eslam F. M. , Ezzeldein Shimaa A. M. , Mohammed Haiam A. , Abdallah Asmaa A. , Ghonimi Wael A. M. , Abd El Raouf Mustafa
Published: August 2024

Testicular torsion is a common disorder in males and results in blockage of testicular circulation with subsequent damage of testicular germ cells. The current work aimed to compare the therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on torsion/detorsion (T/D) injury in rats. Forty mature male Wister rats were arranged into 4 groups; (1) Control, (2) T/D, (3) T/D + PRP, and (4) T/D+ i-PRF. The right testis was twisting 1080° clockwise for 3 h in groups 2, 3 and 4, then 10 μl of PRP or i-PRF was injected intra-testicular 3 h after detorsion in groups 3 and 4, respectively. After 30 days postoperatively, the semen quality and hormonal assay were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated groups with superiority of i-PRF (P < 0.001). High significance of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Caspase-3 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reported in treated rats with PRP and i-PRF (P < 0.001) with superiority to i-PRF-treated rats (P < 0.001). Testicular histoarchitectures were improved in PRP and i-PRF-treated rats with superiority of i-PRF-treated rats. It was concluded that PRP and i-PRF have regenerative efficacy on testicular damage after induced T/D injury with a superior efficacy of i-PRF.
Computational investigation of stochastic Zika virus optimal control model using Legendre spectral method
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Khan Feroz , Khan Sami Ullah , Sumelka Wojciech , Khan Farman U. , AlQahtani Salman A.
Published: August 2024

This study presents a computational investigation of a stochastic Zika virus along with optimal control model using the Legendre spectral collocation method (LSCM). By accumulation of stochasticity into the model through the proposed stochastic differential equations, we appropriating the random fluctuations essential in the progression and disease transmission. The stability, convergence and accuracy properties of the LSCM are conscientiously analyzed and also demonstrating its strength for solving the complex epidemiological models. Moreover, the study evaluates the various control strategies, such as treatment, prevention and treatment pesticide control, and identifies optimal combinations that the intervention costs and also minimize the proposed infection rates. The basic properties of the given model, such as the reproduction number, were determined with and without the presence of the control strategies. For $$R_0<0$$

R
0

<
0

, the model satisfies the disease-free equilibrium, in this case the disease die out after some time, while for $$R_0>1$$

R
0

>
1

, then endemic equilibrium is satisfied, in this case the disease spread in the population at higher scale. The fundamental findings acknowledge the significant impact of stochastic phonemes on the robustness and effectiveness of control strategies that accelerating the need for cost-effective and multi-faceted approaches. In last the results provide the valuable insights for public health department to enabling more impressive mitigation of Zika virus outbreaks and management in real-world scenarios.
Different hierarchical reconfigurations in the brain by psilocybin and escitalopram for depression
Authors: Deco Gustavo , Sanz Perl Yonatan , Johnson Samuel , Bourke Niamh , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Kringelbach Morten L.
Published: August 2024

Effective interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders may work by rebalancing the brain’s functional hierarchical organization. Here we directly investigated the effects of two different serotonergic pharmacological interventions on functional brain hierarchy in major depressive disorder in a two-arm double-blind phase II randomized controlled trial comparing psilocybin therapy (22 patients) with escitalopram (20 patients). Patients with major depressive disorder received either 2 × 25 mg of oral psilocybin, three weeks apart, plus six weeks of daily placebo (‘psilocybin arm’) or 2 × 1 mg of oral psilocybin, three weeks apart, plus six weeks of daily escitalopram (10–20 mg; ‘escitalopram arm’). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline and three weeks after the second psilocybin dose (NCT03429075). The brain mechanisms were captured by generative effective connectivity, estimated from whole-brain modeling of resting state for each session and patient. Hierarchy was determined for each of these sessions using measures of directedness and trophic levels on the effective connectivity, which captures cycle structure, stability and percolation. The results showed that the two pharmacological interventions created significantly different hierarchical reconfigurations of whole-brain dynamics with differential, opposite statistical effect responses. Furthermore, the use of machine learning revealed significant differential reorganization of brain hierarchy before and after the two treatments. Machine learning was also able to predict treatment response with an accuracy of 0.85 ± 0.04. Overall, the results demonstrate that psilocybin and escitalopram work in different ways for rebalancing brain dynamics in depression. This suggests the hypothesis that neuropsychiatric disorders could be closely linked to the breakdown in regions orchestrating brain dynamics from the top of the hierarchy.
PQBP3 prevents senescence by suppressing PSME3-mediated proteasomal Lamin B1 degradation
Authors: Yoshioka Yuki , Huang Yong , Jin Xiaocen , Ngo Kien Xuan , Kumaki Tomohiro , Jin Meihua , Toyoda Saori , Takayama Sumire , Inotsume Maiko , Fujita Kyota , Homma Hidenori , Ando Toshio , Tanaka Hikari , Okazawa Hitoshi
Published: August 2024

Senescence of nondividing neurons remains an immature concept, with especially the regulatory molecular mechanisms of senescence-like phenotypes and the role of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases in triggering neuronal senescence remaining poorly explored. In this study, we reveal that the nucleolar polyglutamine binding protein 3 (PQBP3; also termed NOL7), which has been linked to polyQ neurodegenerative diseases, regulates senescence as a gatekeeper of cytoplasmic DNA leakage. PQBP3 directly binds PSME3 (proteasome activator complex subunit 3), a subunit of the 11S proteasome regulator complex, decreasing PSME3 interaction with Lamin B1 and thereby preventing Lamin B1 degradation and senescence. Depletion of endogenous PQBP3 causes nuclear membrane instability and release of genomic DNA from the nucleus to the cytosol. Among multiple tested polyQ proteins, ataxin-1 (ATXN1) partially sequesters PQBP3 to inclusion bodies, reducing nucleolar PQBP3 levels. Consistently, knock-in mice expressing mutant Atxn1 exhibit decreased nuclear PQBP3 and a senescence phenotype in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Collectively, these results suggest homologous roles of the nucleolar protein PQBP3 in cellular senescence and neurodegeneration.
Characterization of particulate matter in a multizonal residential apartment: transport, exposure, and mitigation
Authors: Thakur Alok Kumar , Patel Sameer
Published: August 2024

Spatio-temporal monitoring in a multizonal apartment focussing on inter-zonal transport, multizonal exposure, and characterization of mitigation techniques (portable air cleaner, air conditioners, natural ventilation, and filter sheets).
UV-LED irradiation for biofouling reduction in drip irrigation emitters fed with wastewater effluent
Authors: Gilboa Yael , White Barak , Shlomo Inbar , Linden Karl G. , Friedler Eran
Published: August 2024

To improve efficiency of drip irrigation emitters fed by treated wastewater, it is desired to minimize biofouling clogging. In the present study efficiency of UV-LED and chlorine to reduce biofilm formation was compared.
Toward tuning the bandgap in meta-substituted Fe-MOFs
Authors: Williamson Kyle I. , Herr Daniel J. C. , Mo Yirong
Published: August 2024

Semiconductor materials are crucial components in current and upcoming green industrial sectors, such as electric vehicles.
Correction: Affective computing for human–machine interaction via a bionic organic memristor exhibiting selective in situ activation
Authors: Guo Bingjie , Zhong Xiaolong , Yu Zhe , He Zhilong , Liu Shuzhi , Wu Zhixin , Liu Sixian , Guo Yanbo , Chen Weilin , Duan Hongxiao , Zeng Jianmin , Gao Pingqi , Zhang Bin , Chen Qian , He Haidong , Chen Yu , Liu Gang
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Affective computing for human–machine interaction via a bionic organic memristor exhibiting selective in situ activation’ by Bingjie Guo et al., Mater. Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MH01950K.
Efficient circular RNA synthesis through Gap-DNA splint-mediated ligation
Authors: Kim Hyunji , Kim Dajeong , Moon Sunghyun , Lee Jong Bum
Published: August 2024

Fabrication of circular RNA by a RNA ligation-based system with a Gap-DNA splint including one extra nucleotide.
Synthesis of luminescent coumarin-substituted phosphinoamide-bridged polynuclear gold(i) metallacycles and reactivity studies
Authors: Naina Vanitha R. , Singh Akhil K. , Shubham  , Krämer Julia , Iqbal Mohd , Roesky Peter W.
Published: August 2024

In this work, coumarin-substituted phosphinoamine gold(i) chloride complexes were synthesized. Further reactions with KOtBu led to isolation of unexpected cyclic rings, which were investigated for their luminescence properties and reactivity.
Synthesis and computational evaluation of the antioxidant activity of pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Tran , Dai Vo Viet , Mechler Adam , Van Meervelt Luc , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Vo Quan V.
Published: August 2024

The antioxidant activity of five derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-pyrroline-2-one was effectively assessed after synthesis.
Removal of toxic hexavalent chromium via graphene oxide nanoparticles: study of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
Authors: Khdoor Zohor , Makharza Sami , Qurie Mohannad , Fohely Firas , Abu Taha Abdallah , Hampel Silke
Published: August 2024

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by the Hummers' method from graphite material.
NIR-induced photothermal-responsive shape memory polyurethane for versatile smart material applications
Authors: Lam Ki Yan , Lee Choy Sin , Tan Rachel Yie Hang
Published: August 2024

A review of recent advances of NIR-light induced photothermal-responsive shape memory polyurethane for industrial and medical applications. It covers the classes of photothermal agents, responsive mechanism, synthesis, advantages, and challenges.
Manganese catalyzed chemo-selective synthesis of acyl cyclopentenes: a combined experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Sarkar Koushik , Behera Prativa , Roy Lisa , Maji Biplab
Published: August 2024

ADC/SET dual catalysis: manganese catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) and single electron transfer (SET) initiated vinyl cyclopropane ring expansion cascade enabled divergent synthesis of acyl cyclopentenes in high yields.
Coherent spin-control of S = 1 vanadium and molybdenum complexes
Authors: Laorenza Daniel W. , Mullin Kathleen R. , Weiss Leah R. , Bayliss Sam L. , Deb Pratiti , Awschalom David D. , Rondinelli James M. , Freedman Danna E.
Published: August 2024

Enabling coherent spin-control in integer spin complexes with molecular color center design.
Tribo-piezoelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting: a first-principles study
Authors: Damte Jemal Yimer , Houska Jiri
Published: August 2024

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are highly promising candidates for various applications due to their unique electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties.
Correction: Perovskite single crystal SCLC measurement prediction using a machine learning model
Authors: Khanam Sarvani Jowhar , Kuruva Harinath , Moiz Salman Abdul , Banavoth Murali
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Perovskite single crystal SCLC measurement prediction using a machine learning model’ by Sarvani Jowhar Khanam et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC01987C.
Recent advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials: fabrication, modification strategies, characterization, promising environmental catalytic applications, and prospective aspects
Authors: Altalhi Amal A. , Mohamed Eslam A. , Negm Nabel A.
Published: August 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are clay networks with brucite (Mg(OH2)) layers that are coupled with anions between the produced layers.
Support vector machine‐based handover scheme for heterogeneous ultra dense network of high‐speed railway
Authors: Wang Siling , Zhang Li
Published: August 2024

In order to meet the growing demands and extend network coverage for high‐speed railway (HSR) system, the dense deployment of a large number of small cells (SCs) is considered for 5G networks. However, the deployment of dense SCs and the high speed of trains result in challenging problems such as interference, frequent handovers (HOs), increased HO failure rate, and consequently the deteriorated overall quality of service (QoS). In order to address the challenges in handover, an improved handover decision strategy is proposed based on Support Vector Machine (SVM). The HO decision making is considered as a classification problem taking into account available states that they may have in the HSR network. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed scheme is capable of decreasing the number of HO, HO failure rate and enhancing the network performance remarkably.
Digital twin intelligent transportation system (DT‐ITS)—A systematic review
Authors: Ge Chenyu , Qin Shengfeng
Published: August 2024

Digital twin (DT) has attracted much attention from the transportation community over the past 6 years. Combining the DT with intelligent transportation system (ITS) forms a digital twin intelligent transportation system (DT‐ITS), which stands as one of the most effective solutions for addressing current complex traffic problems. Due to the rapid advancements in this field and a lack of recent literature reviews, this paper first reviews relevant literature on DT‐ITS architecture design, to comprehend its core structure, methods, potential services and stakeholders, and implementation challenges, and then discusses DT‐ITS core considerations, aiming to provide a general configuration model of DT‐ITS for future development. Second, this paper focuses on reviewing the existing progress of DT‐ITS services within the 32 categories of ITS services, adopting the service‐centred point of view, to explore the potential DT‐ITS services, proposed delivery methods, challenges, and opportunities for various stakeholders. Third, key enabling technologies supporting DT‐ITS are reviewed and discussed, such as data fusion, cooperative perception, multi‐access edge computing (MEC) (including computing offloading and service caching), federated learning, edge‐cloud collaboration, secure and efficient communication (including Blockchain [BC], 5G), virtual modelling, and eXtended reality (XR). Finally, the paper identifies development trends and provides recommendations for future advancements.
A recursive framework of vehicle trajectory planning at mixed‐traffic signalized intersections
Authors: Yang Menglin , Yu Hao , Liu Pan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to introduce a new strategy for anticipating the behaviour of human‐driven vehicles (HDVs) and designing trajectories for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) at signalized intersections under mixed traffic scenarios. To tackle the challenge of unreliable HDV trajectory predictions stemming from driving unpredictability, a recursive framework is developed. This framework integrates real‐time tracking data from both traffic detectors and CAVs, continuously updating HDV predictions. The proposed approach employs the updated predictions to formulate optimal control problems recursively to optimize or adjust CAV trajectories, enhancing travel and energy efficiency. Besides, the recomputing of CAV trajectories will only be conducted when the variation in predictions rises to a certain threshold, balancing efficiency and computing consumption, inspired and modified based on MPC methods. The application of the Pontryagin maximum principle aids in finding solutions efficiently by transforming necessary conditions into a system of equations and consolidating elementary unconstrained and constrained arcs. Numerical simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed recursive framework, revealing its superiority over the one‐time approach, particularly in isolated intersections with high traffic demands. Additionally, the recursive framework exhibited more robust and effective enhancements throughout the road network.
Research on TOGI‐EFLL flux observer for IPMSM sensorless control
Authors: Hao Xue , Luo Yutao
Published: August 2024

For the purpose of enhancing the performance of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) sensorless control, a flux observer based on a third‐order generalized integrator with enhanced frequency‐locked loop (TOGI‐EFLL) is introduced in this paper. Compared with the traditional second‐order generalized integrator with frequency‐locked loop (SOGI‐FLL), the proposed TOGI‐EFLL can effectively mitigate the direct current (DC) bias stemming from non‐ideal factors, such as the inverter non‐linearities and detection errors, without introducing additional parameters. Initially, the active flux observer model and the limitations of the conventional SOGI‐FLL are presented. Subsequently, the proposed flux observer based on TOGI‐EFLL has been intensively investigated. Furthermore, the design of the damping factor and the digital implementation of the algorithm are developed to ensure seamless integration into digital systems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control strategy is validated through the comprehensive experimental results.
Rotating machine bearing health prognosis using a data driven approach based on KS‐density and BiLSTM
Authors: Habbouche Houssem , Benkedjouh Tarak , Amirat Yassine , Benbouzid Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Rolling element bearings are vital components within rotating machinery, making them a central focus of maintenance in the prognostics and health management sector. This involves closely monitoring their condition to accurately predict the remaining useful life, increasing reliability while minimizing unexpected breakdowns, thereby enabling cost savings through planned maintenance, and enhancing operational stability and security. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to build an online intelligent system for degradation monitoring and failure prognosis by the construction of a robust health indicator and making quantitative measure for bearing degradation. In this paper, an efficient and reliable approach is proposed to estimate the remaining useful life of bearing. A new prediction method is presented by the combination of kernel smoothing density (KS‐density) and bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM). Firstly, KS‐density smoothens the preliminarily estimated probability distribution function using machinery degradation data. Secondly, the obtained KS‐density is used in feed deep learning technique based on BiLSTM models. On this basis, the variation of the signal distribution models between the current faulty state and the normal conditions state is quantified for bearing health assessment. The effective recognition of bearing degradation by the proposed Weibull‐based health index is demonstrated through experimental validations utilizing run‐to‐failure datasets, provided by the centre for intelligent maintenance systems. The comparison with the literature's review show that the prediction results of the proposed approach are more accurate.
Machine learning for exoplanet detection in high-contrast spectroscopy
Authors: Garvin Emily O. , Bonse Markus J. , Hayoz Jean , Cugno Gabriele , Spiller Jonas , Patapis Polychronis A. , dit de la Roche Dominique Petit , Nath-Ranga Rakesh , Absil Olivier , Meinshausen Nicolai F. , Quanz Sascha P.
Published: August 2024

Context. The new generation of observatories and instruments (VLT/ERIS, JWST, ELT) motivate the development of robust methods to detect and characterise faint and close-in exoplanets. Molecular mapping and cross-correlation for spectroscopy use molecular templates to isolate a planet’s spectrum from its host star. However, reliance on signal-to-noise ratio metrics can lead to missed discoveries, due to strong assumptions of Gaussian-independent and identically distributed noise.

Aims. We introduce machine learning for cross-correlation spectroscopy (MLCCS). The aim of this method is to leverage weak assumptions on exoplanet characterisation, such as the presence of specific molecules in atmospheres, to improve detection sensitivity for exoplanets.

Methods. The MLCCS methods, including a perceptron and unidimensional convolutional neural networks, operate in the cross-correlated spectral dimension, in which patterns from molecules can be identified. The methods flexibly detect a diversity of planets by taking an agnostic approach towards unknown atmospheric characteristics. The MLCCS approach is implemented to be adaptable for a variety of instruments and modes. We tested this approach on mock datasets of synthetic planets inserted into real noise from SINFONI at theK-band.

Results. The results from MLCCS show outstanding improvements. The outcome on a grid of faint synthetic gas giants shows that for a false discovery rate up to 5%, a perceptron can detect about 26 times the amount of planets compared to an S/N metric. This factor increases up to 77 times with convolutional neural networks, with a statistical sensitivity (completeness) shift from 0.7 to 55.5%. In addition, MLCCS methods show a drastic improvement in detection confidence and conspicuity on imaging spectroscopy.

Conclusions. Once trained, MLCCS methods offer sensitive and rapid detection of exoplanets and their molecular species in the spectral dimension. They handle systematic noise and challenging seeing conditions, can adapt to many spectroscopic instruments and modes, and are versatile regarding planet characteristics, enabling the identification of various planets in archival and future data.
Dependence of coronal mass ejections on the morphology and toroidal flux of their source magnetic flux ropes
Authors: Guo J. H. , Linan L. , Poedts S. , Guo Y. , Schmieder B. , Lani A. , Ni Y. W. , Brchnelova M. , Perri B. , Baratashvili T. , Li S. T. , Chen P. F.
Published: August 2024

Context. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) stand as intense eruptions of magnetized plasma from the Sun, and they play a pivotal role in driving significant changes of the heliospheric environment. Deducing the properties of CMEs from their progenitors in solar source regions is crucial for space weather forecasting.

Aims. The primary objective of this paper is to establish a connection between CMEs and their progenitors in solar source regions, enabling us to infer the magnetic structures of CMEs before their full development.

Methods. We created a dataset comprising a magnetic flux rope series with varying projection shapes (S-, Z-, and toroid-shaped), sizes, and toroidal fluxes using the Regularized Biot-Savart Laws (RBSL). These flux ropes were inserted into solar quiet regions with the aim of imitating the eruptions of quiescent filaments. Thereafter, we simulated the propagation of these flux ropes from the solar surface to a distance of 25 R⊙ with our global coronal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model COCONUT.

Results. Our parametric survey revealed significant impacts of source flux ropes on the consequent CMEs. Regarding the flux-rope morphology, we find that the projection shape (e.g., sigmoid or torus) can influence the magnetic structures of CMEs at 20 R⊙, albeit with minimal impacts on the propagation speed. However, these impacts diminish as source flux ropes become fat. In terms of toroidal flux, our simulation results demonstrate a pronounced correlation with the propagation speed of CMEs as well as the successfulness in erupting.

Conclusions. This work builds the bridge between the CMEs in the outer corona and their progenitors in solar source regions. Our parametric survey suggests that the projection shape, cross-section radius, and toroidal flux of source flux ropes are crucial parameters in predicting magnetic structures and the propagation speed of CMEs, providing valuable insights for space weather prediction. On the one hand, the conclusion drawn here could be instructive in identifying the high-risk eruptions with the potential to induce stronger geomagnetic effects (Bz and propagation speed). On the other hand, our findings hold practical significance for refining the parameter settings of launched CMEs at 21.5 R⊙ in heliospheric simulations, such as with EUHFORIA, based on observations for their progenitors in solar source regions.
Research on unsteady characteristics of valveless piezoelectric micropump with planar conical tube
Authors: Cai Shengchuan
Published: August 2024

The model of valveless piezoelectric micropump with planar conical tube is established in this paper, and dynamic mesh technology is used to simulate the unsteady characteristics of the micropump at different pressure amplitudes and driving frequencies for different diffusion angles. The elements affecting the output performance of the micropump are analyzed. The research indicates that the longer the conical tube, the smaller the flux that flows into the cavity of the micropump during inhalation. While the longer the conical tube, the greater the flux that flows out of the cavity of the micropump during expulsion. The net output flux of the valveless piezoelectric micropump increases with the length of the conical tube. The rectification efficiencies of micropump with tube length of 1mm, 3mm, and 5mm are 8.77%, 14.58%, and 18%, respectively.
Study on Pore Structure Characteristics of tight Sandstone Reservoirs -- Taking Chang 8 in XX block of Ordos Basin as an example
Authors: Han Binhu , Qiu Wenbo , Sun Zhifei , Wang Dingjun , Liu Yicang
Published: August 2024

The XX block of Ordos Basin has recently achieved a major exploration breakthrough, however the reservoir is more heterogeneous and the single well productivity is more different. Based on drilling, core, analysis and testing data, the rock characteristics, physical characteristics and microscopic pore structure characteristics of the area are comprehensively analyzed. A set of reservoir classification criteria with strong applicability is established. The results show that the reservoir lithology in the study area is complex, and the types and geometric forms of reservoir space are diverse. The porosity is 0.15%~13.65%, and the permeability is) 0.001~83.5 (×10-3μm2. The distribution range of physical properties is wide, and the overall performance is low porosity and ultra-low permeability. The heterogeneity is strong, and a few large pores have an important influence on reservoir permeability. A set of reservoir classification and evaluation criteria is established. The study area mainly develops type II reservoirs. The classification and evaluation criteria can provide reference for the later exploration and development of the study area.
Study on the Development of Distributed Energy in Northern China of Rural Energy Transformation
Authors: Liu Shaohua , Zhang Yingyuan , Zheng Shu
Published: August 2024

Distributed energy is a crucial breakthrough and focus for the green and low-carbon transformation of rural energy in China. It has experienced rapid development in recent years. However, mismatches between rural energy production and consumption capacities, and between the unregulated construction of distributed energy systems and the capacity of rural power grids, have become increasingly severe. These issues are hindering the establishment of a new energy system and the modernization of rural areas. This paper addresses the problems and challenges faced in the development of rural energy in China. Through an investigation and analysis of the experiences and shortcomings in the development and utilization of distributed energy in Northern China, the paper proposes measures and suggestions to promote the scientific development of distributed energy in rural China.
Effects of corncob carbon on peanut growth and soil properties
Authors: Tang Haoyuan , Wang Zheng
Published: August 2024

In this paper, corncob biochar was prepared by pyrolysis, and the basic physicochemical properties of the carbon were analysed by characterisation, and potting tests were used to study the effects of different carbon application rates on peanut growth indexes and soil conventional physicochemical properties. The results showed that the corncob carbon at 500°C for 30 min was suitable for soil improvement; the carbon had a pH of 9.98 and could regulate soil pH; it had a rich pore structure with a specific surface area of 11.6 m2·g-1, which could improve soil pore density; and its N,P,K contents were 5.8,8.3,49.5 g·kg-1, respectively, which could provide exogenous nutrients to the soil. The higher the amount of carbon applied, the better the effect on soil physicochemical properties and yield promotion. When the amount of carbon applied was 7%, the soil capacity was reduced by 8.8%, the plant height was reduced by 5.5%, the stem thickness was increased by 18.4%; soil pH increased by 3%, CEC by 20.2 %, and organic matter by 52.03%, resulting in a 40.8% increase in peanut yield.. This corncob carbon has good physicochemical properties and is an ideal soil conditioner.
Analysis of total nitrogen pollution load and identification of key pollution sources in Futuan River basin based on SWAT model
Authors: Li Yanjing , Peng Hui
Published: August 2024

In order to identify the key source area of the Futuan River basin, the Futuan River basin is taken as the target area, establishes the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, simules the runoff and total nitrogen pollution process in the basin, and analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of total nitrogen pollution. The key source areas of total nitrogen pollution in the basin were identified by the cumulative load curve method. The results show that the total nitrogen pollution load in the Futuan River basin presents obvious seasonal distribution characteristics. The subbasins with high load intensity of total nitrogen into the river are mainly in the middle and upper reaches of the Futuan River.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Satellite-Derived Chlorophyll-a in Bohai Sea over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Wang Xue , Yuan Dekui
Published: August 2024

The Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the surface layer of the Bohai Sea from 2003 to 2022 was obtained after processing the MODIS data with the improved shortwave infrared (SWIR) atmospheric correction algorithm and the Clack three-channel method. Its spatial and temporal variation were analyzed. The results show that it has obvious interannual spatial distribution characteristics, showing a trend of being high in nearshore waters and low in offshore waters, high in the estuarine bays and low in other sea areas. The interannual Chl-a variation shows an inverted U-shape. The year-by-year seasonal average spatial characteristics are basically consistent, with high in nearshore waters and low in other waters. The Chl-a in spring and summer was higher than that in autumn and winter. The temporal trend of the four seasons was similar to the interannual trend, showing an inverted U-shaped trend of first increasing, then stabilizing and then decreasing.
Research on the Technical Model of Resource Utilization of Rural Domestic Sewage
Authors: Yang Xinyu
Published: August 2024

At present, China’s rural sewage treatment technology is mostly used in municipal sewage treatment methods, with high energy consumption and complicated operation and maintenance. Through analyzing the problem of rural sewage management, we discussed the necessity and feasibility of rural sewage resource utilization, presented the principles that should be followed in the resource utilization according to local conditions, promoting the treatment, economic rationality, and ecological safety, and Summarized the technical models of irrigation utilization, ecological dissipation and decentralized on-site utilization for the resource utilization of rural domestic wastewater. The expansion of the resource utilization model will be more conducive to reducing the cost of rural sewage management and enhancing the quality of the rural environment and human settlements.
Research on key issues in promoting the green transformation and development of the power grid
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zeng Bingxin , Tang Guangrui
Published: August 2024

The green transformation of the power grid is an important component of energy transition. It primarily involves promoting carbon peaking and carbon neutrality as the driving force, establishing the concept of “energy transformation and green development,” enhancing the inter-provincial power resource allocation capacity and power system flexibility, and accelerating the shift from high-carbon to low-carbon and from fossil fuel-based energy to clean energy in order to accelerate the adoption of green production and consumption patterns. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the green transformation of power grid development and puts forth relevant suggestions in terms of defining standards, enhancing the flexibility of the power grid system, and driving energy-saving and emissions reduction in various industries.
Simulation Analysis of Urban Drainage System Utilizing StormDesk Software
Authors: Li Shuyu
Published: August 2024

Employing the data from comprehensive drainage system surveys and pipeline defect diagnostics, the StormDesk software was utilized to construct a SWMM model. This model facilitates the simulation of operational scenarios within the pipe network, both with the existing network defects and following their rectification, and provides crucial insight for the repair and renovation of the drainage infrastructure. The results indicate that the current drainage system in the study area is inadequate, with a high incidence of pipeline defects. This poses a significant flood risk during intense rainfall events. Given the projected increase in rainfall intensity, it is imperative to substantially enhance the drainage capacity of the existing system.
Dehydrosilylation of Alcohols Using Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Citric Acid Modified Fibrillated Cellulose
Authors: Sakurai Hidehiro , Suwattananuruk Butsaratip , Uetake Yuta
Published: August 2024

The development of an effective catalytic system for the dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes with alcohols remains an ongoing challenge, particularly for alcohol protection applications. In this study, we report the development and optimization of a highly efficient gold catalyst supported on fibrillated cellulose modified with citric acid. The catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic activity under mild conditions with 0.01–0.05 mol% of Au loading, facilitating the formation of silyl ethers with excellent yield. Notably, our catalytic system overcomes the need for excess alcohol, typically required in such reactions, making it highly practical for alcohol protection applications. This work represents a significant advancement in the field of dehydrosilylation catalysis, offering a sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of functional silanol-based materials and alcohol protection applications. The scope of substrates and the utility of the catalyst have been thoroughly studied.
Chiral π-Conjugated Double Helical Aminyl Diradical with the Triplet Ground State
Authors: Guo Haoxin , Rajca Andrzej
Published: August 2024

We describe effective development of the highly diastereoselective synthesis of double helical tetraamine 2-H2-C2 and propose a mechanism for its formation. The resolution of 2-H2-C2 is facilitated by a high racemization barrier of 43 kcal mol–1 and it is implemented via either a chiral auxiliary or preparative supercritical fluid chromatography. This enables preparation of the first high-spin neutral diradical, with spin density delocalized within an enantiomeric double helical π-system. The presence of two effective 3-electron C–N bonds in the diradical leads to: (1) the triplet (S = 1) high-spin ground state with a singlet-triplet energy gap of 0.4 kcal mol–1 and (2) the long half-life of up to 6 days in 2-MeTHF at room temperature. The diradical possesses a racemization barrier of at least 26 kcal mol–1 in 2-MeTHF at 293 K and chiroptical properties, with an absorption anisotropy factor |g| ≈ 0.005 at 548 nm. These unique magnetic and optical properties of our diradical form the basis for the development of next-generation spintronic devices.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis and Resolution of the C
2-Symmetric Double Helical Tetraamine 2-H2-C
2

3 Synthesis and Characterization of Neutral High-Spin Aminyl Diradical 22•
-C
2

4 Conclusion
Evaluating the Diagnostic Role of ACR-TIRADS and Bethesda
Classifications in Thyroid Nodules Highlighted by Cyto-Histopathological
Studies
Authors: Eissa Marwa S. , Sabry Rania M. , Abdellateif Mona S.
Published: August 2024

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of thyroid imaging reporting and data
system (ACR-TIRADS) and the Bethesda system for reporting cytopathology (TBSRCP)
classifications for identifying or ruling out thyroid malignancy in relation to
the gold standard (post-surgical pathology).

Methods This cross-sectional study included 573 patients with single or
multiple thyroid nodules. Patients were evaluated using the TIRADS and the
TBSRCP classification. The data from a cohort of patients who underwent surgery
(77/573, 13.4%) were correlated with post-operative pathology and the relevant
clinical features of the patients.

Results Of 573 patients, 545 (95.1%) were euthyroid, 24 (4.1%) were
hypothyroid, and 4 (0.8%) were hyperthyroid; 419 (73.1%) had benign nodules
(Bethesda II), 115 (20.1%) had intermediate (Bethesda III, IV), and 39 (6.8%)
had Bethesda V and VI nodules. Four-hundred twenty (73.3%) patients were
categorized as TIRADS 2,3, and 153 (26.7%) were categorized as TIRADS 4,5. The
Bethesda and TIRADS classifications concorded significantly in thyroid nodule
diagnosis (K=14.9%, P<0.001).

Thyroid malignancy was significantly associated with microcalcification and
interrupted halo, while benign nodules were significantly associated with
macrocalcification and complete halo type (P=0.041, P=0.005, respectively).

The TBSRCP could significantly detect malignant thyroid nodules with a
sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 64.1%, 98.1%, 85.0%, and 94.1%,
respectively (K=88.2%, P<0.001), while the respective values for the TIRADS
classification were 63.5%, 76.0%, 84.6%, and 50.0% (K=34.8%, P=0.001).

Conclusion The TIRADS and TBSRCP are essential primary steps for
evaluating thyroid nodules and both are complimentary. Hence, each patient with
thyroid nodules should be evaluated by both approaches before opting for
surgery. Highly suspicious TIRADS categories TR4 and TR5 need further evaluation
by fine needle aspiration cytology.
Direct Multicomponent Synthesis of C3-Arylated Pyrroles under Catalyst-Free Conditions
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Pawar Amol Prakash , Jangir Reena , Dolas Atul Jankiram , Nagare Yadav Kacharu , Rangan Krishnan , Iype Eldhose
Published: August 2024

An operationally simple catalyst-free protocol for the direct regiospecific synthesis of C3-arylated/alkenylated pyrroles has been developed. The enamine-intermediate, in situ generated from succinaldehyde and a primary amine, was trapped with activated carbonyls before the Paal–Knorr reaction in a direct multicomponent ‘just-mix’ protocol to furnish pyrroles in good yields. Several C3-substituted N-alkylpyrroles have been prepared under open-flask conditions, avoiding protection-deprotection chemistry.
Oxidation of Eugenol Derivatives with KMnO4 and CrO3
Authors: Abdou Achraf , Dakir Mohamed , Maaghloud Fatima Ezzahra , Tumanov Nikolay , Wouters Johan , JamalEddine Jamal , Elmakssoudi Abdelhakim
Published: August 2024

This study aims to delineate the synthesis of eugenol derivatives, starting with hydroxyl group protection and then the subsequent oxidation stages. Initially, eugenol underwent conversion into acetyleugenol and benzyleugenol during the protection phase. Subsequently, a kinetic oxidation of acetyleugenol with KMnO4 via GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of four compounds. The kinetic investigation indicated the primary formation of diolacetyleugenol, succeeded by aldehyde eugenol, which further gets converted into its respective carboxylic acid. Additionally, acetyleugenol and benzyleugenol underwent oxidation with CrO3, yielding the corresponding carboxylic acids.
Exploring the Role of Homeopathic Intervention in Post-COVID Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Case Series of 12 Patient Profiles
Authors: Ponnam Hima Bindu , Chirravuri Siva Subrahmanyam , Konduru Shanmukha Priya , Jammalamadaka Swathi
Published: August 2024

Background In the last 2 years of the pandemic, a wide range of cases of post-COVID functional gastrointestinal disorders (PC-FGIDs) has been reported.

Aim This case series aimed to investigate the role of homeopathic intervention in the treatment of PC-FGIDs.

Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of individuals who had suffered from PC-FGIDs that were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms using the Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale (GSRS) and treated exclusively with individualized homeopathic medicines. Cases that had undergone regular monthly assessment using the GSRS and had a Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) score for up to 3 months were considered.

Results Thirty cases were screened and twelve were included according to the study criteria. The mean age of seven women and five men was 36 years. GSRS and PCFS scores showed marked improvement in each of 10 cases within the 3-month treatment period.

Conclusion Homeopathic intervention proved beneficial in 10 of 12 patients with PC-FGIDs. The findings may help researchers plan future controlled clinical studies in this field.
Imaging in Musculoskeletal TB
Authors: Spalkit Stanzin , Goyal Ankur , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Sharma Raju
Published: August 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with musculoskeletal TB accounting for a notable proportion of cases. The spine is the most commonly affected site, followed by the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent joint destruction, deformity, and neurological complications. Given the paucibacillary nature of musculoskeletal TB, imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, guiding sampling procedures, and assessing treatment response. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as the preferred modality for diagnosing and monitoring both spinal and extraspinal TB. This review provides an in-depth analysis of imaging characteristics of musculoskeletal TB, highlighting key findings essential for early diagnosis and differentiation from similar pathologies. Through case-based illustrations, various anatomical locations of osteoarticular TB are discussed.
Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: A Concise Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Abouglila Kamal , Mukhtar Syed Fahim , Hajjaji Issam M. , Sheikh Shehla , Beshyah Salem A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction Hypothyroidism (HypoT) is a common condition whose prevalence varies according to regional and ethnic factors, dietary iodine, gender, and age. The symptoms of HypoT are generally nonspecific, with considerable overlap with other conditions. These symptoms are not useful for diagnosing HypoT, and a thyroid function test is required for a final diagnosis.

Materials and methods We aimed to provide an overview of the recent global literature on HypoT in older adults. A narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from a single major medical online database (PubMed) for the past 5 years was performed. The relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account.

Results Most studies and expert opinions reiterated the benefit of replacement therapy in younger and middle-aged individuals. A good volume of literature also considered the interplay between thyroid hormones and (1) cardiovascular function and risk factors, (2) cognitive function, (3) mental health, and (4) quality of life. Most workers are cognizant of the important difference in normal ranges of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the consequent TSH targets in older adults compared to younger age groups. Extra care is recommended for the initiation and titration of thyroid hormone replacement therapy to avoid cardiovascular and skeletal adverse effects of relative overtreatment.

Conclusion While clinical benefit is evident in patients under age 65 with overt and subclinical HypoT who are treated with levothyroxine, treatment may be harmful in older adults with subclinical HypoT. The 97th percentile of TSH distribution is 7.5 mIU/L for patients over age 80. Hence, TSH goals should be individualized in older adults to achieve any possible benefit and avoid unnecessary harm.