bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of 27 children with febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome in a single center
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Yongfang , Xie Lingling , Cheng Min , Feng Lianying , Liu Yuhang , Guo Yi , Jiang Li
Published: June 2024

To investigate the clinical characteristics of febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). We used trajectory analysis and logistic regression analysis to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors respectively. Twenty‐seven patients (16 males) were included. The median age of onset was 7 (IQR: 4–9) years. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was normal. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed frequent microseizures and electroseizures in all patients. Eight patients had claustrum signs in the acute phase. Anesthetics and anti‐seizure medications (ASM) were used in all patients. All patients received immunotherapy, including plasma exchange (n = 4), immunoglobulin (n = 26), and corticosteroids (n = 19). Trajectory diagrams of seizure showed 6 patients had bimodal disease course. Besides, we found there may be a linear relationship between body temperature and convulsion frequency (R2 = 0.25). The median Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was 3 (IQR: 1–4). Nine deaths occurred, including abandonment of treatment (n = 3), hemodynamic instability (n = 3), brain hernia (n = 2), and brain hernia with hemodynamic instability (n = 1). Seizure onset combined with fever (p = 0.003), periodic discharge (p = 0.002), and non‐ketogenic diet (non‐KD) (p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for death. The KD group (n = 10) had lower mortality (p = 0.009), lower convulsion frequency at latest follow‐up (p < 0.001), less ASM (p = 0.002), and higher GOS (p < 0.001) than non‐KD group (n = 17). Therefore, some FIRES patients may have bimodal disease course. There may be a linear relationship between body temperature and convulsion frequency. Seizure onset combined with fever, periodic discharge and KD may affect the prognosis.
Bootstrap Reduced Major Axis (BRMA) to optimize the satellite‐derived discharge rating curves
Authors: Rai Atul Kumar , Kumar Vikas , Patel Sharad , Beg Zafar , Gaurav Kumar
Published: June 2024

We estimate river discharge by utilizing limited in‐situ and multi‐satellite data through Bootstrap Reduced Major Axis (BRMA) optimization method (). We establish the BRMA by analyzing the functional relationships (H, W, H.W vs. Q) at four distinct locations along the Ganga (Shahzadpur and Azmabad) and the Narmada (Hoshangabad and Mandleshwer) rivers. To measure the channel width (W) we have used the Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images (2006–2019). We use the water level (H) data from satellite altimeter (Jason 2, Jason 3, Envisat, and Sentinel 3A). We have used BRMA to establish functional relationships between channel width (W), water level (H), and H.W to their corresponding discharge at each gauge stations in the study reach. Efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated through a comparative analysis with the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method. We observed that the BRMA exhibits better performance as compared to the best fit curve obtained by using the OLS regression. We noticed that the functional relationship between the WH‐Q outperforms as compared to the other empirical curves at the both gauge stations of the Ganga River. The accuracy estimates of the Ganga River is in a range of (0.76–0.95), (1–23) and (0.25–0.44). In the Narmada River, the functional relationship between H‐Q outperforms. The accuracy of discharge at both the gauge stations of the Narmada River are found to be in a range (0.76–0.95), (1–23), to (0.25–0.44). This study is a step towards estimating discharge from satellites data.
Vesicles Formed by Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Morphology and Applications
Authors: Kanti Mandal Subhra , Seth Piya
Published: June 2024

Vesicles are one of the most important self‐assembled manifestations because of their multidimensional applications in biology, catalysis and adsorption. Several synthetic vesicles have been prepared from small peptides, amphiphilic fatty acids, amino acids and organic molecules etc. Transition metal complexes derived from different types of ligands are found to be self assembled to form solid state networks and also supramolecular aggregates in solution. In this review article we have discussed about synthesis, morphology and utility of vesicles formed by 14 transition metal complexes of some amphiphilic and non‐amphiphilic ligands. Interestingly, vesicles derived from transition metal complexes with non‐amphiphilic ligands are mostly soluble in organic solvents, whereas those derived from amphiphilic ligands are soluble in aqueous medium. As a result, their potential applications can be explored in complementary solvents accordingly.
About the nomenclature of the complicated ruderal species Rumex pulcher s.l. (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro
Published: June 2024

Rumex pulcher is a species native to central and southern Europe, the Mediterranean area, and western Asia, growing mainly in ruderal habitats. It is a highly variable species, with six subspecies currently recognized (i.e., R. pulcher subsp. anodonta, subsp. cassius, subsp. pulcher, subsp. raulinii, subsp. suffocatus, and subsp. woodsii). In addition, there are the Linnaean R. divaricatus and Lojacono‐Pojero's R. usticanus, both of which are often considered heterotypic synonyms of R. pulcher, and several varieties and forms described by C. Haussknecht, which are synonymized with some accepted subspecies of R. pulcher. With the exception of R. suffocatus (basionym of R. pulcher subsp. suffocatus) and R. pulcher f. anodonta (basionym of R. pulcher subsp. anodonta), the names are still untypified and are examined and lectotypified here on specimens deposited at G, JE, PAL, and RO, whereas an illustration by Tilli is designated as the lectotype of the Linnaean R. divaricatus. Rumex usticanus is considered a synonym (syn. nov.) of R. obtusifolius subsp. obtusifolius; R. divaricatus is a synonym of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii. Haussknecht's infraspecific names are considered heterotypic synonyms of R. pulcher subsp. raulinii (R. pulcher f. macrodon) or R. pulcher subsp. woodsii (R. pulcher var. oligomicrodonta, var. microdon, and var. micropleiodontus). Haussknecht's R. pulcher f. anodonta is accepted as separate taxon at subspecies rank (R. pulcher subsp. anodonta). Finally, the type of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii confirms the occurrence (as an old record) of this taxon in the region of Latium (central Italy) where, up to now, it was strangely considered a doubtful record. Further specimens, found at RO and identified as R. pulcher (without specifying any subspecies), confirm the recent occurrence of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii in the Italian region of Latium.
Immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a Rhodesian ridgeback
Authors: Fisher Andrew , Clarke Katherine
Published: June 2024

This case report describes an immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a male neutered Rhodesian ridgeback. Initial presentation at the referring veterinary practice was for acute lethargy, anorexia and possible melaena. Immunosuppressive therapy was started, but the dog was later referred due to glucocorticoid adverse effects and worsening anaemia. Upon referral, a mild, macrocytic, normochromic, regenerative anaemia was seen, with positive in‐saline agglutination and a moderate spherocytosis on blood film examination. An irregular, well‐defined liver mass was identified on computed tomography at referral, but its significance was initially uncertain, thus immunosuppressive therapy was commenced. Weaning of medications resulted in immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia relapse, thus the hepatic neoplasm was removed via a right lateral liver lobectomy. Histology confirmed complete excision, and supported a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. All medication was successfully discontinued following surgery, with no relapse of clinical signs at the time of writing this report.
Physicochemical and microbiological assessment of multi‐village drinking water source in diarrheal hotspot areas of north Shoa zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Tsegahun Asfaw , Sahle Zenawork , Wogayehu Belachew Tekleyohannes , Abebe Bizuneh Asfaw , Yitayew Berhanu , Gebreyes Demissew Shenkute
Published: June 2024

Quality water is essential to people's health and social and economic well‐being. Evaluation of the quality of the water sources provides benchmark data on quality status and insights into the development of further protective measures. A laboratory‐based cross‐sectional study design was conducted in the diarrheal hotspot area of the North Shewa zone. The contamination risks of water sources were assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) sanitary inspection checklist. A grab water sample was collected from 138 multi‐village drinking water sources according to WHO guidelines. The collected sample was processed for physicochemical and microbiological analysis. Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software. The inspection survey indicated there was no proper handling of the water sources. The water temperature range was between 7 and 32°C, while the turbidity values ranged from 1.8 to 6 NTU. Electrical conductivity, pH, and total dissolved solutes were 100% within the acceptable limits of WHO and the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (EMoH) water quality guidelines. However, only (77/138, 55.79%) and (101/138, 73.29%) drinking water sources were within the acceptable range of temperature and turbidity, respectively. The mean bacteriological counts in multi‐village drinking water sources were a mean value of 72.14, 29.78, 21.09, and 15.64 for TMC, TCC, FC, and FSC, respectively. A total of (19/138, 13.8%) drinking water samples were positive for total coliform (Tc) and/or fecal coliforms (Fc). The remaining (119/138, 86.2%) water samples were bacteriologically potable. The physicochemical quality of the drinking water sources was consistent with WHO and national water quality standards, except that turbidity exceeded the acceptable range. The results also showed that some water sources were contaminated with fecal and total coliform, which was supported by an inspection survey in which most water sources were poorly protected. These research findings can serve as a valuable evidence base for informing policy decisions and guiding practical interventions aimed at ensuring access to safe drinking water in diarrheal hotspot areas.
The Mixed‐Anion Compound La2S2(CN2)
Authors: Schwarz Albert T. , Ströbele Markus , Meyer H.‐Jürgen
Published: June 2024

The new binary metal carbodiimide La2S2(CN2) was synthesized via a solid‐state metathesis reaction. The crystal structure was solved and refined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data with space group C2/m. The structure is represented by a layered arrangement, based on alternating layers of lanthanum, sulfide, and carbodiimide units. A close resemblance of the structure with that of La2O2C2 is discussed, as well as the less‐common coordination number seven of the lanthanum atom.
Adding CNTs into Anthracite towards High Performance Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Mai Jiarong , Xia Shuang , Wang Nan , Fu Lijun , Liu Lili , Yu Nengfei , Wu Yuping , Holze Rudolf
Published: June 2024

Commercial graphite anodes face the problems of high preparation temperature and limited specific capacity in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Amorphous carbon anode materials are prepared at low temperatures and have abundant sources and modes of preparation. As a low‐cost carbon source material, anthracite has a practical application value in storing lithium as anode electrodes of LIBs. However, the capacity is not enough to meet the present increasing demand. We added CNTs to enhance the performance of anthracite‐based carbon anodes. The addition of CNTs significantly improves the electrical properties of amorphous carbon anode materials due to their good electronic conductivity. This anthracite‐based carbon with CNTs (A−C) anode displays a specific cycling capacity of 360 mAh ⋅ g−1 at the current density of 200 mA ⋅ g−1 after 200 cycles in LIBs. We believe that the work has far‐reaching significance for improving the practicability of amorphous carbon anode materials.
Introduction
Authors: Štětka Václav , Mihelj Sabina
Published: June 2024

Illiberalism is increasingly often mentioned among the key threats faced by contemporary liberal democracies, typically alongside populism, right-wing nationalism, democratic backsliding, polarization, or hate speech. Yet, while other threats to democratic institutions and values attracted significant scholarly attention, illiberalism remains poorly defined, and the communication perspective on illiberalism is particularly underdeveloped. This introductory chapter sets out the rationale for developing a set of conceptual tools that can help us examine what happens to public communication after populism becomes a widespread feature of political life, and especially after far right or ultraconservative political actors have successfully mobilized populist strategies to rise to positions of power. To help develop such tools, this book introduces the concept of the illiberal public sphere, defined as a communicative space comprising both traditional and new media that promote and amplify illiberal actors, views, and attitudes. After a brief outline of the concept, this chapter first reviews the key causes of the decline of liberal democracy and situates them vis-à-vis developments in the sphere of communication. It then proceeds with a brief discussion of Eastern Europe as a ‘laboratory of illiberalism’, and an outline of the chapters that follow.
Social Media: Vectors of Illiberalism or Sources of Resistance?
Authors: Štětka Václav , Mihelj Sabina
Published: June 2024

This chapter addresses the role of social media in both facilitating the proliferation of illiberal attitudes from the margins to the mainstream, as well as their potential to act as channels of liberal resistance. In the first part, the chapter outlines a brief history of social media adoption by political actors in Eastern Europe, demonstrating how digital platforms aided the rise of right-wing populist parties in the region. Following from that, we explore the socio-demographic characteristics of those who use social media for news, and then consider how social media use relates to illiberal attitudes. The data suggests that in countries where the illiberal public sphere is more advanced, the relative importance of social media as sources of information is greater, and it is more often associated with holding liberal attitudes and support for democracy. Finally, the chapter determines that people who use social media to express their opinions and engage with political content online are more likely to be pro-democratic and liberal-oriented, suggesting thereby that digital platforms might turn out to be an be an important channel for mobilizing liberal opposition once the illiberal public sphere starts dominating over the liberal one.
Information Disorder and the Illiberal Public Sphere
Authors: Štětka Václav , Mihelj Sabina
Published: June 2024

This chapter is devoted to the mapping and analysis of the disinformation ecosystem across our sample, examining the ways in which different stages of the illiberal public sphere are linked with the dissemination and reception of false or manipulated information and narratives. We first explore the extent of people’s exposure to misinformation, before mapping the information ecosystems across the four countries and examining specific channels and brands which play a major role in the dissemination of misinformation. Our findings indicate that in countries with a more advanced illiberal public sphere, the perception of misinformation is greater, and their channels are more likely to involve mainstream news media brands. The chapter then focuses on the prevalence of beliefs that are rooted in some of the most popular conspiracy narratives in the region—those involving the US philanthropist George Soros and the 2010 Smolensk air disaster. Finally, we pay attention to a specific communication channel which serves as an important instrument for disinformation campaigns in some of the countries, namely the so-called ‘chain emails’.
Influence of Intra-Particle Saturation Ratio on Strength Degradation of Pumice Soil
Authors: Jayathilake Dhanushka , Kiyota Takashi , Konagai Kazuo , Shiga Masataka , Nihaaj Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake occurred on 6 September 2018 and caused more than 7000 landslides in and around Atsuma and Abira towns. The geology of this area is mainly formed by pyroclastic fall deposits. The rain gauges in the epicentral area showed little rain from typhoon Jebi (5 September 2018) and heavy rain in the middle of August 2018, about 3 weeks before the earthquake. A series of direct shear tests and single particle fragmentation tests were conducted to investigate the effect of soaking time on the strength reduction of Tarumae d (Ta-d) pumice. The median Single particle fragmentation strength of Ta-d particles decreases with the soaking time. The Intra-particle saturation ratio of Ta-d has increased with the logarithmic value of the soaking time. Samples were soaked in water for 1, 6, 24, 168 and 508 h before shearing. Peak shear strength was decreased with the soaking time. The residual strength is about 2 kPa for each soaking condition, which shows that there is no significant variation in residual strength with soaking time. The friction angle shows a sharp reduction from the peak value during the first 800 mm of shear strain and thereafter gradually stabilizes to the residual value. The peak shear stress of Ta-d pumice is reduced with the intra-particle saturation ratio. The mobilized frictional coefficient of Ta-d is not sensitive to the intra-particle saturation ratio.
Towards an Optimization of Foundation Anchors of Landslide-Resisting Flexible Barriers: Dynamic Pullout Resistance of Anchors
Authors: Choi Clarence Edward , Zhang Jiaqi , Xiong Dake
Published: June 2024

Existing research on the design of flexible barriers to arrest the landslide mass mainly focuses on the optimization of the superstructure. Little attention has been given to the optimization of the foundation anchors used to transmit dynamic impact loading from the landslides to the ground. In fact, existing design guidelines for foundation anchors of landslide-resisting flexible barriers are based on quasi-static pullout theories even though field evidence suggests that the dynamic response of an anchor is fundamentally different. In this study, a new analytical model is proposed to predict the peak pullout resistance for anchors subjected to dynamic loading in saturated sand. A novel experimental apparatus was developed to evaluate the proposed analytical model. Dynamic effects are profound in saturated sand and less so in dry sand. Rate strengthening at the soil-anchor interface is governed by pore pressure change from dilation and soil damping. The proposed model is shown to give close predictions of the measured peak dynamic pullout resistance, which is up to three times those under quasi-static conditions. Findings imply that rate strengthening changes the critical failure mechanism of a foundation anchor from the soil-anchor interface for quasi-static loading to the potential rupturing of the steel tendon for dynamic loading. This study highlights the need for the dynamic analysis of foundation anchors of landslide-resisting flexible barriers.
Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk: Two Years on P-LRT
Authors: Sassa Shinji
Published: June 2024

This article presents an overview and a concise review of a global promotion of understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk, based on 2 years of publication of Progress in Landslide Research and Technology (P-LRT). The Vol. 1 Issue 1, Vol. 1 Issue 2, Vol. 2 Issue1 and Vol. 2 Issue 2 of P-LRT were comprised of a total of ninety-seven articles from thirty-six countries/regions from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America. The first four issues embody recent progress in landslide research and technology for practical applications and the benefit for the society contributing to the Kyoto Landslide Commitment 2020.
Recent UL FGG Contributions to the 2020 Kyoto Commitment
Authors: Mikoš Matjaž , Bezak Nejc , Jurček Timotej , Kuzmanić Tamara , Maček Matej , Rusjan Simon , Sodnik Jošt
Published: June 2024

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering (UL FGG) is a Full Member of the International Consortium on Landslides, and an Official Promoter of the 2020 Kyoto Commitment for Landslide Risk Reduction. In this article, the activities in the period 2020–2023 that have contributed to the 2020 Kyoto Commitment are shortly reviewed. The main research and capacity-building activities were conducted within the framework of the World Centre of Excellence (2020–2023) on Landslides in Weathered Heterogenous Sedimentary Rock Masses such as Flysch, and a few International Programme on Landslides (IPL) projects: IPL-225, IPL-261, and IPL-262. UL FGG also supported the activities of the UNESCO Chair on Water-related Disaster Risk Reduction (WRDRR) at the University of Ljubljana which was active in research of rainfall-induced landslides, their triggering and mitigation. The reviewed activities also contributed to the UNESCO Intergovernmental Hydrological Program and its IXth phase (2022–2029), the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Assessing Landslide Distribution for Landform Hazard Zoning Purposes: A Case Study on the Western Flank of Iztaccíhuatl Volcano, Puebla, México
Authors: Legorreta-Paulín Gabriel , Bursik Marcus , Arana-Salinas Lilia , Medina-Jaen Miguel
Published: June 2024

In volcanic terrains, landslides are major natural hazard, posing risks to human settlements and economic activity. The characterization and analysis of landslide distribution is important in understanding their behavior in the landscape. The aim of this paper is to present results of the ongoing research project in the Institute of Geography at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), to analyze the distribution of landslides, and characterize landforms that are prone to slope instability. For the Río Xopanac watershed on the western flank of Iztaccíhuatl volcano, landforms and landslide distribution were ascertained through a landslide inventory map created from multi-temporal aerial photographs, field investigations and adaptation of the Landslide Hazard Zonation Protocol of the Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Forest Practices Division, in a GIS-based technology. This analysis divided the watershed into 13 mass-wasting landforms that were assigned slope-stability hazard ratings from low to very high. The overall hazard rating for this watershed was very high. The implementation of the technique yields information essential for policy makers here and in other areas of Mexico.
Identification of Potential Natural Slope Failure Zones by Geomorphological Analyses Using Raster Slope Shading of LiDAR; Case Study from Kegalle, Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunarathna Sandaruwan , Bandara Priyantha , Goto Satoshi , Bandaranayake Sajith
Published: June 2024

There are three approaches to defining the potential instability zonation of natural slopes. The first approach is to understand the failure mechanism through soil properties in a slope, and the mechanisms of failure and movement. The second approach aims to understand the tendency of slopes to fail, with terrain factors that form the essential characteristics of slopes. Understanding the spatial distribution of slope failures and their patterns on a particular slope is the third approach and the focus of this research. All approaches require field verification with expert knowledge.

Slope failure zones contain unique topographic patterns that can be used to identify the failure shape and its dimensions. Slope failures are one of many natural denudation processes. Most slope failure landform units, considered as past slope failures tend to expand naturally. If there is no human involvement, zones of past natural slope failure can be also categorized as potential zones of future slope failure. The large-scale geomorphological analysis is the best approach for clearly identifying landform units associated with potential zones of slope failures. The best scale is 1:10,000. Two-dimensional or three-dimensional raster interpretation of slopes can be used to visualize more clearly the actual shape of slope failures. For the study, raster geomorphological mapping uses LiDAR survey data to characterize the landform units of slope failures and to prepare a landslide susceptibility evaluation.
Assessing the Potential Rapid and Long Travelling Landslides in Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Athwelthota Landslide
Authors: Weerasinghe A. R. P. , Jayakody S. H. S. , Amali N. P. G. , Maduranga H. R. , Loi Doan Huy
Published: June 2024

Landslides are a significant natural hazard in Sri Lanka, causing colossal damage to infrastructure, property, and loss of life. The country is highly susceptible to landslides due to its mountainous terrain, frequent heavy rainfall, and poor land-use practices. This study focuses on the dynamics of the Athwelthota landslide that occurred in 2017 and on the potential instabilities of the surrounding slopes that were evaluated using LS-RAPID numerical simulation software. The physical properties of the soil were examined by testing samples from the study area using an undrained ring-shear apparatus. Firstly, the geomorphological features in the study area and geotechnical parameters of soil were used to calibrate the LS-RAPID model by simulating the past landslide. The calibrated model then simulates two nearby potential failure slopes to assess the hazard. Additionally, the study discusses the triggering mechanism and causes of the past landslide and the two nearby slopes, considering factors such as heavy rainfall and groundwater. In conclusion, the Athwelthota landslide was found to be a complex phenomenon involving multiple factors, such as rainfall and groundwater table fluctuations.
Physical Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Landslide Dam Formation
Authors: Van Tien Pham , Nhan Tran Thanh , Luong Le Hong , Cuong Tran Quoc
Published: June 2024

Landslide dam formation creates one of the most hazardous geomorphic phenomena, which often threaten the safety of upstream and downstream communities by causing various secondary hazards, such as backwater inundation, dam breaches, debris flows, and outburst floods. Understanding the conditions and processes of the landslide dam formation is useful for hazard assessment and its disaster countermeasures. This research presents the physical mechanism of landslide dams and their entire formation process through three typical cases, namely the large-scale Kuridaira and Akatani landslide dams in Nara prefecture, Japan and the massive Jure landslide dam in Sindhupalchok district, Nepal, by using ring shear tests and integrated simulation with LS-RAPID model. The results from ring shear tests show that the samples of the sliding surfaces underwent substantial grain crushing and sliding-surface liquefaction due to a rapid generation of pore water pressure and significant loss of shear strength. In the computer model, the formation processes of the three landslide dams consisted of four main stages from stable slopes to local failures through progressive failures to massive slope movement at high speeds and river damming at the end of the motion. The analysis indicates the high mobility behavior that governs the rapid motion of the landslides is a primary contributing factor to the dam formation.
Multiple Landslides in an Area Draped in Volcanic Matters: The Dual Impacts of Rains and Earthquakes
Authors: Nakata Alessandra M. , Konagai Kazuo , Onishi Ryo
Published: June 2024

The devastating 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.7, inflicted significant damage in the eastern part of Hokkaido, Japan, resulting in the tragic loss of 41 lives, with landslides accounting for 36 fatalities. The mountainous epicentral regions experienced a high number of landslides, primarily induced by the movement of tephra strati originating from eruptions associated with Shikotsu Caldera, Mt. Tarumae, and Mt. Eniwa. The combined intensity of the earthquake and the accumulation of rainfall played crucial roles in initiating these landslides. To gain comprehensive insights into the dynamics of this event, we utilized the Multi-Scale Simulator for the Geo-Environment (MSSG) to simulate the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall from August 6 to September 5, 2018. Our simulation results were effectively validated against observed data from weather stations operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) in the epicentral area. Impressively, the simulation accurately captured the intricate variations in rainfall, taking into account the influence of the region's mountainous terrain. Notably, our findings revealed a noteworthy relationship: as the peak ground acceleration (PGA) increases, the required threshold of rainfall for triggering landslides decreases. This study enhances our understanding of the complexities surrounding landslide dynamics in earthquake-prone areas and contributes to improved disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts.
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Rainfall-Induced Landslides in Nicaragua (2000–2022): Preliminary Insights to Communicate Landslide Disaster Risk
Authors: Velásquez-Espinoza Gema , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: June 2024

Nicaragua’s location in the tropics makes it highly susceptible to tropical cyclones, with 22 such events causing significant damage between 1971 and 2020. The attendant risk of landslides and flooding from heavy rainfall associated with these phenomena is a grave concern. However, the absence of consistent policies to progress scientific development due to national socioeconomic and political constraints has impeded effective disaster risk management. This chapter presents an overview of landslide occurrences from 2000 to 2022 and offers preliminary insights for creating strategies to communicate landslide disaster risks.
Views on Ageing
Authors: Rothermund Klaus
Published: June 2024

An essential part of the project Ageing as Future consists of examining views on ageing. In other words, we are investigating the ideas that people have about old age in general, but also about their old age. The chapter reports core findings on how views on aging shape individual development in old age.
Defining a Collaborative Framework for Roadmapping Activities
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Tolio Tullio A. M.
Published: June 2024

Today, more than ever, it urges to increase effort for monitoring and investigating changes in environment, particularly in relation to events in the social, economic, political and ecological landscapes as well as new technologies. Roadmapping activities are based on techniques and practices to analyse the “state” of a system and to identify evolution of emerging drivers. Roadmapping methodologies can support in understanding the impact of drivers on the competitive position of system under consideration and on the advantage of answering to these drivers. This chapter proposes a collaborative framework, designing it with the aim to involve several stakeholders with an iterative approach to consult and validate the results collected from literature and state-of-the-art and to share knowledge in a context where system competitiveness is considered as a precondition for individual benefit. Overall, this work contributes to improve the effectiveness of strategic roadmapping and to increase its value added to the planning process of clusters and in general of large groups of interest, while providing helpful insight to public organizations that promote the competitiveness of related sector under consideration.
Analysis of the Italian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Tolio Tullio A. M.
Published: June 2024

When creating a roadmap, it is important to contextualise the sector under consideration. The work in this chapter is based on identification of relevant indicators which are analysed with a comparative approach both along the time horizon and with other countries and sectors. For this reason, this chapter is based on the extraction of data from International, European, national and regional dataset and describes the Italian manufacturing industry, exploring which are the most relevant sectors, which is the position comparing with European and international countries, and a focus is made on the machine tools sector. The system competitiveness is also analysed in terms of capability to bring innovation to Italy and to the sustainable development goals. The chapter closes with an analysis of the reaction of manufacturing to disruptions like the pandemic crisis and a proposal for a systemic recovery.
The Role of Industrial Policies: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Fornasiero Rosanna , Tolio Tullio A. M.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this chapter is to analyse and compare European, Italian and regional industrial policies aimed at promoting the research and innovation activities, with focus on manufacturing sector. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from websites, documents issued by related governmental bodies and grey literature which are compared along scientific topics of interest. Moreover, the chapter discusses how these policies are expected to have an impact on industrial competitiveness and how these policies are interconnected each other. A comparative analysis of the regional and national priorities is also proposed as the result of an iterative collaboration with regional actors. The chapter closes with the analysis of the role of the cluster in supporting industrial policies.
Strategic Action Line LI5: Innovative Production Processes
Authors: Giorleo Luca , Galassi Carmen , Ziprani Francesco , Calefati Paolo , Campatelli Gianni , Munaro Roberto , Trotta Gianluca
Published: June 2024

The objective of this chapter is to describe the strategic action line related to innovative production processes (LI5). In particular, this chapter proposes research and innovation priorities across various aspects both related to conventional and non-conventional processes, such as: digitization of conventional production processes in order to improve their interactions and handle different types of processing, even by means of hybrid processes; the growing role of additive manufacturing and its ensuing challenges in terms of both design and production; processing of standard and innovative materials, or materials with meso/macro geometries, including also nano- and micro-manufacturing. In addition, process innovation also needs to take the shape of innovation in support of re- and de-manufacturing processes, to start with, through to the development of bio-inspired transformation models.
Glutathione transporter as a target for brain drug delivery
Authors: Guan Xiangming
Published: June 2024

Inability to achieve therapeutic concentrations of a medication in the brain due to the blood brain barrier (BBB) is the major cause of treatment failure for most brain diseases. The BBB prevents almost 98% of small molecule drugs and almost all large molecule therapeutics from entering the brain. Modifying a drug delivery system with a brain targeting agent has been an effective approach in developing a brain targeting drug delivery system. Most of the brain targeting agents were developed based on a receptor- or carrier-mediated endocytosis process at the BBB. These endocytosis processes are transporting mechanisms for transporting endogenous molecules into the brain. They include those for transporting transferrin, LDL (low density lipoprotein), insulin, etc., with transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis being the most investigated and successful one for developing a brain targeting agent. The Na+-dependent glutathione transporter is present on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of the brain, kidneys, and small intestine while its presence on the luminal side of the capillary endothelial cells of other organs is very minimal. This organ distribution difference enables the brain, kidneys and small intestines to sequester GSH from the blood circulation to meet the need of these organs for GSH, and provide a solid foundation for developing organ selective agents for these organs in general. This review provides an overview of the GSH transporter and the status of GSH transporter-based brain targeting drug delivery systems with the intention of bringing the field to the attention of a medicinal chemist for his/her expertise in organic synthesis, ligand identification and optimization.
Genome-wide association study revealed significant SNPs for anthracnose resistance, seed alkaloids and protein content in white lupin
Authors: Schwertfirm Grit , Schneider Michael , Haase Florian , Riedel Christine , Lazzaro Mariateresa , Ruge-Wehling Brigitte , Schweizer Guenther
Published: June 2024

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a high-protein grain legume alternative to soybean in Central Europe, but its cultivation is risky due to the fungal disease anthracnose that can cause severe yield damage. In addition, management of seed alkaloids is critical for human nutrition and animal feed. We report on a white lupin collection of genebank accessions, advanced breeding lines and cultivars that was genotyped and phenotypically characterized for anthracnose resistance and seed alkaloids and protein levels. Using genotyping by sequencing (GBS), SeqSNP-targeted GBS, BiomarkX genotyping and Sanger sequencing, a genetic resource of genome-wide SNPs for white lupin was established. We determined anthracnose resistance in two years field trials at four locations with infection rows and measured seed alkaloids and protein levels by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Few white lupin breeding lines showed anthracnose resistance comparable or better than Celina and Frieda, currently the best commercial cultivars in Germany. NIRS estimates for seed alkaloids and protein levels revealed variation in the white lupin collection. Using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified SNPs significantly associated with anthracnose resistance in the field representing known and new genomic regions. We confirmed the pauper locus and detected new SNP markers significantly associated with seed alkaloids. For the first time, we present loci associated with total grain protein content. Finally, we tested the potential of genomic prediction (GP) in predicting the phenotype of these three quantitative traits. Application of results and resources are discussed in the context of fostering breeding programs for white lupin.
Assessment of a systematic approach for implementing novel medications in clinical practice: an observational study with dapagliflozin
Authors: Norberg Helena , Andersson Therese , Håkansson Erik , Ängerud Karin Hellström , Lindmark Krister
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess a systematic implementation approach for introducing dapagliflozin to individuals with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction in an outpatient clinical setting.

Methods

Retrospective medical record data were analysed. All individuals diagnosed with heart failure who resided within the hospital catchment area and had visited cardiology or internal medicine department between 2010 and 2019 were screened by using the main inclusion criteria from the DAPA-HF trial. The effectiveness of the previously described seven-step systematic implementation approach was assessed by the proportion receiving information letter, dapagliflozin treatment, follow-ups at 2–12 weeks and 12 months post-dapagliflozin initiation, persistence on dapagliflozin, adverse events, and reasons for discontinuation.

Results

Of the 2433 individuals, 352 met the main DAPA-HF trial criteria in step 2. After exclusions in steps 3 and 4, 191 individuals remained. Of these, 158 were invited for eligibility discussion in step 5, with 107 having received an information letter beforehand. In step 6, dapagliflozin was prescribed to 69 individuals, and in step 7, follow-ups were conducted with 56 individuals at 2–12 weeks and 62 individuals at 12 months. Sixty out of 69 persisted on dapagliflozin after 12 months. Adverse events were reported by nine individuals. Discontinuation was attributed to reasons such as urinary tract infections, genital or abdominal discomfort, and hypotension.

Conclusion

The systematic introduction of dapagliflozin to heart failure patients was effective. Despite this, challenges in uniformly implementing procedures across patients were evident, emphasizing the necessity for a systematic implementation approach.
First-in-man study of the PSMA Minibody IR800-IAB2M for molecularly targeted intraoperative fluorescence guidance during radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hamdy Freddie C. , Lamb Alastair D. , Tullis Iain D. C. , Verrill Clare , Rombach Ines , Rao Srinivasa R. , Colling Richard , Barber Paul R. , Volpi Davide , Barbera-Martin Luis , Lopez J Francisco , Omer Altan , Hewitt Aimi , Lovell Shelagh , Niederer Jane , Lambert Adam , Snoeck Joke , Thomson Claire , Leslie Tom , Bryant Richard J. , Mascioni Alessandro , Jia Fang , Torgov Michael , Wilson Ian , Gudas Jean , Wu Anna M. , Olafsen Tove , Vojnovic Borivoj
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly used to image prostate cancer in clinical practice. We sought to develop and test a humanised PSMA minibody IAB2M conjugated to the fluorophore IRDye 800CW-NHS ester in men undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) to image prostate cancer cells during surgery.

Methods

The minibody was evaluated pre-clinically using PSMA positive/negative xenograft models, following which 23 men undergoing RARP between 2018 and 2020 received between 2.5 mg and 20 mg of IR800-IAB2M intravenously, at intervals between 24 h and 17 days prior to surgery. At every step of the procedure, the prostate, pelvic lymph node chains and extra-prostatic surrounding tissue were imaged with a dual Near-infrared (NIR) and white light optical platform for fluorescence in vivo and ex vivo. Histopathological evaluation of intraoperative and postoperative microscopic fluorescence imaging was undertaken for verification.

Results

Twenty-three patients were evaluated to optimise both the dose of the reagent and the interval between injection and surgery and secure the best possible specificity of fluorescence images. Six cases are presented in detail as exemplars. Overall sensitivity and specificity in detecting non-lymph-node extra-prostatic cancer tissue were 100% and 65%, and 64% and 64% respectively for lymph node positivity. There were no side-effects associated with administration of the reagent.

Conclusion

Intraoperative imaging of prostate cancer tissue is feasible and safe using IR800-IAB2M. Further evaluation is underway to assess the benefit of using the technique in improving completion of surgical excision during RARP.

Registration

ISCRCTN10046036: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10046036.
High intraoperative fluid load associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and complications after non-cardiac surgery in neonates
Authors: Qian Minyue , Zhao Jialian , Zhang Kai , Zhang Wenyuan , Jin Chunyi , Cai Binbin , Lu Zhongteng , Hu Yaoqin , Huang Jinjin , Ma Daqing , Fang Xiangming , Jin Yue
Published: June 2024

Inappropriate perioperative fluid load can lead to postoperative complications and death. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the association between intraoperative fluid load and outcomes in neonates undergoing non-cardiac surgery. From April 2020 to September 2022, 940 neonates who underwent non-cardiac surgery were retrospectively enrolled and their perioperative data were harvested for further analysis. According to recorded intraoperative fluid volumes defined as ml.kg−1 h−1, patients were mandatorily divided into quintile with fluid load as restrictive (quintile 1, Q1), moderately restrictive (Q2), moderate (Q3), moderately liberal (Q4), and liberal (Q5). The primary outcomes were defined as prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) (postoperative LOS ≥ 14 days), complications beyond prolonged LOS, and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications within 14 days of hospital stay. The intraoperative fluid load was in Q1 of 6.5 (5.3–7.3) (median and IQR); Q2: 9.2 (8.7–9.9); Q3: 12.2 (11.4–13.2); Q4: 16.5 (15.4–18.0); and Q5: 26.5 (22.3–32.2) ml.kg−1 h−1. The odd of prolonged LOS was positively correlated with an increase fluid volume (Q5 quintile: OR 2.602 [95% CI 1.444–4.690], P = 0.001), as well as complications beyond prolonged LOS (Q5: OR 3.322 [95% CI 1.656–6.275], P = 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality rate was increased with high intraoperative fluid load but did not reach to a statistical significance after adjusted with confounders. Furthermore, the highest quintile of fluid load (26.5 ml.kg−1 h−1, IQR [22.3–32.2]) (Q5 quintile) was significantly associated with longer postoperative mechanical ventilation time compared with Q1 (Q5: OR 2.212 [95% CI 1.101–4.445], P = 0.026).

    Conclusion: Restrictive intraoperative fluid load had overall better outcomes, whilst high fluid load was significantly associated with prolonged LOS and complications after non-cardiac surgery in neonates.

    Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2200066823 (December 19, 2022).

What is Known:• Inappropriate perioperative fluid load can lead to postoperative complications and even death.

What is New:• High perioperative fluid load was significantly associated with an increased length of stay after non-cardiac surgery in neonates, whilst low fluid load was consistently related to better postoperative outcomes.
A conceptual examination of an additive manufactured high-ratio coaxial gearbox
Authors: Eisele Philipp , Nisar Sajid , Haas Franz
Published: June 2024

This research introduces the novel “Kraken-Gear” mechanism, emphasizing the advantages of additive polymer 3D printing in high-ratio gearbox systems for lightweight robotic applications, such as surgical instruments. The innovative kinematic solution provides high torsional system stiffness, substantial gear ratios, and backlash-free transmission. Leveraging the “hot lithography” additive manufacturing method ensures precise and warp-free gearbox components. Targeting medical technology, the gearbox meets stringent requirements: backlash-free, minimal vibration, high precision, and torque, with minimized weight for ergonomic comfort and fatigue mitigation. Computational simulations assess forces and stresses, highlighting the potential of additive manufacturing for cost-effective and functionally efficient gearbox fabrication. Nevertheless, careful material selection remains imperative for optimal functionality, especially in demanding medical applications. In summary, this research underscores a promising approach to gearbox fabrication, emphasizing the critical role of material selection and simulation-based assessments for optimal performance.