bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adolescent‐Initiated Retrospective Glucose Data Review is Associated With Improved Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chenoweth David J. , Palmer Benjamin A. , Norris Andrew W. , Tansey Michael J. , Pinnaro Catherina T.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Regular retrospective review of glucose data is an important aspect of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) facilitate retrospective review by capturing glucose data and generating standardized reports. However, only a minority of adults with T1D retrospectively review their glucose data, and adolescents are understudied. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of self‐reported retrospective glucose data review by adolescents with T1D, determine factors associated with self‐reported retrospective glucose data review, and assess whether self‐reported retrospective glucose data review was associated with improved glycemia.

Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of adolescents aged 12–18 years with T1D in conjunction with review of the associated electronic medical record, which included age, sex, date of diagnosis, clinic hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), type of insurance, and CGM data. The survey included the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS) and questions regarding habits and attitudes associated with retrospective review.

Results: 112 out of 218 eligible individuals completed the survey (51%). Fifty‐three percent of adolescents who completed the survey reported that they had engaged in retrospective glucose data review. Of these, 88% of individuals reported that they reviewed data regularly. Age, sex, race, type of insurance, and CGM use were not associated with retrospective review status. Self‐report of retrospective glucose data review was associated with improved glycemia as measured by HbA1c and time in range (TIR) compared to adolescents who indicated they do not review glucose data (p = 0.006 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was no difference in HFS scores between reviewers and nonreviewers including the behavioral subscale, worry subscale, and total score.

Conclusions: Self‐report of retrospective glucose data review was associated with improved glycemia as measured by HbA1c and TIR. Adolescent‐initiated glucose data self‐review does not appear to be driven by fear of hypoglycemia (FoH).
Predicting Emotional Distress, Based on Acquisition, Extinction, Avoidance, and Generalization Learning
Authors: Carpentier Naomi , Hermans Dirk , Scheveneels Sara
Published: October 2024

This prospective study aimed to investigate whether fear conditioning parameters measured at baseline could predict the development of emotional distress over a 6‐month period among 655 first‐year university students. Verbal and behavioral measures of acquisition, extinction, avoidance, and generalization were obtained through an online task at the start of the academic year. Emotional distress was evaluated 4 to 6 months later, with questionnaires assessing anxiety, stress, depression, and coping trajectories. Initial analyses explored the interplay of conditioning parameters at baseline, hypothesizing that the corresponding learning processes may mutually reinforce each other, contributing to distinct vulnerabilities for emotional distress. Although no distinct profiles based on conditioning processes were identified, the analyses did uncover correlations between increased acquisition and avoidance of conditioned threat stimuli and reduced extinction, avoidance of safe stimuli, and generalization. Subsequent main analyses related the processes and their interactions to the development of emotional distress. Findings suggest that acquiring fear toward conditioned safety and threat stimuli, as well as avoiding conditioned threat stimuli, may be predictive of higher levels of emotional distress. Analyses relating extinction and generalization to emotional distress revealed mostly nonsignificant findings, emphasizing the need for methodological scrutiny in identifying anxiety‐related learning indices. This research contributes to understanding individual differences in the development of emotional distress and informs future investigations into learning processes and their implications for mental health.
Sudden Visual Loss After Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Vaiano Agostino Salvatore , Garavelli Fabio , Greco Antonio , Merli Riccardo , De Filippis Alessandro , Greco Andrea , Marenco Maria
Published: October 2024

A 51‐year‐old male underwent vitrectomy with retrobulbar anesthesia for retinal detachment. Post surgery, he experienced systemic hypotension which normalized after 3 h. The day after, he complained of a central scotoma in the operated eye. Intraocular pressure was normal, but fundus examination revealed hemorrhages and whitening along the papillomacular bundle and macula, with additional whitening in the upper midperipheral region. Multimodal imaging confirmed branch retinal vein, artery, and cilioretinal artery occlusion. Further examination revealed mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Vascular occlusions are potential complications of vitreoretinal surgery, warranting thorough preoperative assessment for underlying risk factors, even if causative mechanism is still unknown.
Spectral Normalization for Generative Adversarial Networks for Artistic Image Transformation
Authors: Shu Zhixu , Zhang Kewang
Published: October 2024

Artistic image transformation is a computer technique widely applied in art creation, design, entertainment, and cultural heritage by converting images into artistic styles. It offers innovative ways for artists to express themselves, provides designers with more choices and inspiration, enhances visual esthetics, and enables creative implementations in movies, games, and virtual reality. Additionally, it aids in the restoration and preservation of ancient artworks, allowing a deeper appreciation of classical art. Traditional image transformation methods, though effective for simple effects, lack the flexibility and expressiveness of deep learning–based approaches. To enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of artistic image transformation, this paper employs generative adversarial networks (GANs), which utilize an adversarial training mechanism between a generator and a discriminator to produce high‐quality and realistic image transformations. This study introduces spectral normalization (SNGAN) to further improve GAN performance by constraining the spectral norm of the discriminator’s weight matrix, preventing gradient issues during training, thus improving convergence and image quality. Experimental results on the CHAOS dataset indicate that the proposed SNGAN model achieves the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.3420, the highest peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) of 32.1423, and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.6696, closely matching the best result. Additionally, the SNGAN model demonstrates the shortest training time, highlighting its efficiency. These results confirm that the proposed method achieves more realistic and efficient artistic image transformations compared to traditional methods and other deep learning algorithms.
YouTube as a Source of Information in Trauma Management for ATLS (10th Edition) Guidelines
Authors: Yazla Merve , Akyon Seyma Handan , Aybayar Esin Aslı , Gedikaslan Seyda , Szarpak Lukasz , Turan Omer Faruk , Smereka Jacek , Ekici Mustafa , Kocak Abdullah Osman , Katipoglu Burak
Published: October 2024

Background: Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and online platforms have become essential sources of information for trauma management. YouTube can play a significant role in helping people access medical information.

Methods: YouTube was searched using the keywords management of trauma and assessment of trauma to identify relevant videos. Two authors independently evaluated the videos according to the ATLS (10th edition) guidelines, the modified DISCERN (m‐DISCERN) scale, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS) criteria. The videos that met the study criteria were evaluated based on the provider, video length, and view count.

Results: Out of 939 videos, 667 were excluded resulting in 272 videos included in the study. According to the ATLS (10th edition) guidelines, the median score for videos was 8 (IQR 7‐8). Videos uploaded by official institutions and healthcare professionals received higher scores than from uncertain sources (p = 0.003). According to the GQS, 86% of the videos were low or moderate quality; uncertain sources uploaded 78% of low‐quality videos.

Conclusion: YouTube is an information source about trauma management that contains videos of varying quality and has a broad audience. Official institutions and healthcare professionals should be aware of this evolving technology and publish up‐to‐date, accurate content to increase awareness about trauma management and help patients distinguish helpful information from misleading content.
Large Endometrioma That Triggered a Hypertensive Emergency: A Case Report
Authors: Vishwanath Varnita , Marchand Gregory , Azadi Ali
Published: October 2024

Endometriosis is a common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age and has variable symptomology such as pelvic pain, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility. Endometriomas are a form of endometriosis and are characterized by cystic masses most commonly found on the ovaries. This case discusses the management of a rare occurrence of a 25‐cm endometrioma in a patient without a prior diagnosis of endometriosis, who presented to the emergency room in an acute hypertensive emergency. It is believed that the large cyst caused a mass effect against renal vasculature precipitating renovascular hypertension that required immediate intervention. This case was approached with minimally invasive surgical removal of the cyst and lysis of adhesions without postoperative complications.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated From Bovine’s Milk and Meat in Mekelle City, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tesfay , Gugsa Getachew , Tsegaye Yisehak , Ahmed Meselu , Awol Nesibu
Published: October 2024

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic and emerging foodborne zoonotic pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence and can cause serious human and animal infections worldwide. However, in Mekelle City, the actual prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of L. monocytogenes were not done. Hence, this cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and its serotypes and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates in Mekelle City, Ethiopia. A total of 768 (n = 384 of milk and n = 384 meat) samples of bovine origin were collected using a purposive random sampling technique. Isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were done according to standard and recommended bacteriological procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of Iap, Imo0737, ORF2819, and ORF2110 genes was performed. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 3.39%. The prevalence rates of L. monocytogenes were 4.17% and 2.6% in meat and milk samples, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (p  < 0.05) in the prevalence rates of the organism in meat samples collected from abattoir (1.67%), butcher shops (8.33%), and restaurants (8.33%). Serovars that were identified belonged to 1/2b and 4b. Large proportions of isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin (88.46%) and vancomycin (84.62%). However, the isolates had shown the highest level of resistance against nalidixic acid (96.15%). Moreover, 42.31% of the isolates developed multidrug resistance. Hence, both its occurrence and development of a multidrug resistance indicated the need to practice adequate cocking of bovine origin foods before consumption and rational use of antimicrobials both in veterinary and human treatment regimens with regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance to combat multidrug resistance.
Exploring the Role of Licorice and Its Derivatives in Cell Signaling Pathway NF‐κB and MAPK
Authors: Fatima Ieaman , Sahar Amna , Tariq Amna , Naz Tabana , Usman Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Licorice is a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Licorice is considered as an anti‐inflammatory agent due to its suppression and inhibition of inflammatory pathways. Licorice has many bioactive compounds such as glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquirtigenin which are principally accountable for its therapeutic benefits. These bioactive components reduce inflammation by preventing the activation of important inflammatory pathways including mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB). As a result of this tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) are among the proinflammatory cytokines whose production is inhibited. Components present in licorice inhibit the activation by suppressing the IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Moreover, licorice compounds also attenuate the MAPK signaling cascades by inhibiting the MAPK kinase phosphorylation and downstream MAPKs such as extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). The present review focuses on the current understanding of licorice effect on the NF‐κB and MAPK inflammatory cell signaling pathways at molecular level. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggested that licorice‐derived bioactive compounds may attenuate the molecular mechanism which is associated with inflammation, providing the additional insights into the therapeutic potential. Further studies explained the precise molecular mechanism at the cellular level underlying the licorice anti‐inflammatory effect and potential application in managing inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, licorice has a complex mode of action and is a valuable natural anti‐inflammatory. Its natural origin and effectiveness in clinical applications make it an intriguing topic for additional study. As licorice becomes more widely used in medicine, future research should focus on refining its formulations to optimize therapeutic advantages.
Treatment and Survival Differences between Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Versus Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Lin Shuwen , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Xue Xiaonan
Published: October 2024

Background:

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) exhibits differences in molecular and biological characteristics compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We aim to compare breast cancer–specific survival (BCSS) between patients with ILC and IDC.

Methods:

We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1992–2020). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with treatment modalities. We examined BCSS at different time points using a cox regression model with time-dependent coefficient.

Results:

A total of 343,397 patients with IDC and 39,859 patients with ILC were included. Patients with ILC had more advanced-stage disease (stage II, 35% vs. 34%; stage III, 16% vs. 11%) and a higher rate of hormone receptor–positive disease (97% vs. 81%). Compared with patients with IDC, patients with ILC had better BCSS in the first five years (HR = 0.71; P < 0.001) but worse BCSS in later years (HR = 1.30, P < 0.001 in years 6–10; HR = 1.75, P < 0.001 in years 11–15; and HR = 2.17, P < 0.001 in years 16–20).

Conclusions:

Patients with ILC survive better in early years but worse in later years compared with patients with IDC. Future studies are required to identify patients with ILC who are at risk of late recurrence or mortality.

Impact:

The results of this study add to the currently conflicting literature of survival of ILC and demonstrate the importance of evaluating novel therapeutic approaches and extended therapy for patients with ILC.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumor NOS2 and COX2 Spatial Juxtaposition with CD8+ T Cells Promote Metastatic and Cancer Stem Cell Niches that Lead to Poor Outcome in ER− Breast Cancer
Authors: Ridnour Lisa A. , Heinz William F. , Cheng Robert Y.S. , Wink Adelaide L. , Kedei Noemi , Pore Milind , Imtiaz Fatima , Femino Elise L. , Gonzalez Ana L. , Coutinho Leandro L. , Moffat Rebecca L. , Butcher Donna , Edmondson Elijah F. , Li Xiaoxian , Rangel Maria Cristina , Kinders Robert J. , Rittscher Jens , Lipkowitz Stanley , Wong Stephen T.C. , Anderson Stephen K. , McVicar Daniel W. , Glynn Sharon A. , Billiar Timothy R. , Chang Jenny C. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Ambs Stefan , Lockett Stephen J. , Wink David A.
Published: October 2024

Spatial dot plot of CD8+/-NOS2+/-COX2+/- phenotypes in tumor from deceased patient.
Comparative Targeted Genome Profiling between Solid and Liquid Biopsies in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study
Authors: Gagliardi Irene , Campolo Federica , Borges de Souza Patricia , Rossi Lucrezia , Albertelli Manuela , Grillo Federica , Caputi Luigi , Mazza Massimiliano , Faggiano Antongiulio , Zatelli Maria Chiara
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Clinical presentation and genetic profile of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are highly variable, hampering their management. Sequencing of circulating tumor DNA from liquid biopsy (LB) has been proposed as a less invasive alternative to solid biopsy (SB). Our aim was to compare the mutational profile (MP) provided by LB with that deriving from SB in GEP-NETs. Methods: SB and LB were derived simultaneously from 6 GEP-NET patients. A comparative targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was performed on DNA from SB and LB to evaluate the mutational status of 11 genes (MEN1, DAXX, ATRX, MUTYH, SETD2, DEPDC5, TSC2, ARID1A, CHECK2, MTOR, and PTEN). Results: Patients (M:F = 2:1; median age 64 years) included 3 with pancreatic and 3 with ileal NETs. NGS detected a median number of 55 variants/sample in SB and 66.5 variants/sample in LB specimens (mutational burden: 0.2–1.9 and 0.3–1.8 mut/Mb, respectively). Missense and nonsense mutations were prevalent in both, mainly represented by C>T transitions. ARID1A, MTOR, and ATRX were consistently mutated in SB, and ARID1A, TSC2, MEN1, PTEN, SETD2, and MUTYH were consistently mutated in LB. DAXX mutations were absent in LB. Seventeen recurrent mutations were shared between SB and LB; in particular, MTOR single-nucleotide variants c.G4731A and c.C2997T were shared by 5 out of 6 patients. Hierarchical clustering supported genetic similarity between SB and LB. Conclusions: This pilot study explores the applicability of LB in GEP-NET MP evaluation. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate LB and to define the clinical impact.
Concomitant Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Potential Trigger for Relapse or Onset?
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Belloni-Fortina Anna , Zambello Anna
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary lymphocytic scarring alopecia predominantly affecting postmenopausal women, with histopathological similarities to lichen planopilaris but distinct clinical features. The global rise in FFA cases over the past 15 years points to potential environmental factors. Case Presentation: This study presents 2 FFA cases: one experiencing a flare-up and another with disease onset, both associated with allergic contact dermatitis. Case 1 involved a 58-year-old female with a flare-up linked to a nickel allergy, while case 2 described a 60-year-old female with new-onset FFA following exposure to hair dye allergens. Discussion: Environmental particles, such as titanium dioxide found on hair shafts of FFA patients, are hypothesized to contribute to FFA through photocatalytic activity causing tissue damage and inflammation. Studies indicate a higher use of facial moisturizers and sunscreens among FFA patients, with frequent positive patch test reactions to allergens in personal care products. These allergens may disrupt hair follicle immune privilege, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and follicular destruction. Understanding the role of environmental factors in FFA pathogenesis may improve management strategies, emphasizing allergen avoidance and targeted treatments.
Recognition of Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia in Infants with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Authors: Malhotra Neha , Hanania Thia , Yau Daphne , Gilbert Clare , Morgan Kate , Wakeling Emma , Jones Wendy D. , Samuels Martin , Banerjee Indraneel , Dastamani Antonia
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition due to mutations in the transcription factor PHOX2B. It is characterized by alveolar hypoventilation with symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) due to glucose dysregulation caused by anomalous insulin secretion has been reported as a feature of CCHS. However, HH and glycaemic outcomes in the context of CCHS have not been characterized in longitudinal follow-up. We describe the variable phenotype of glucose dysregulation and glycaemic outcomes in children with CCHS. Case Presentation: We report 6 children with PHOX2B mutation-positive CCHS diagnosed with HH in a national cohort from two UK congenital hyperinsulinism specialist centres. We describe the initial presentation, the challenges in management, and glycaemic outcomes in longitudinal follow-up. All patients were term infants diagnosed with CCHS in the neonatal period due to PHOX2B mutations and required long-term ventilation by tracheostomy. HH was diagnosed at a median age of 222 days (median, range 36–594) with postprandial hypoglycaemia (4/6 patients) or fasting hypoglycaemia (2/6 patients). Two patients were treated with diazoxide monotherapy; one with diazoxide and overnight continuous gastrostomy feeds; one with acarbose; and two with dietary manifestations and use of continuous glucose monitoring sensor. Three patients who presented earlier in the observation period demonstrated a reduction in the severity of HH over time, leading to hypoglycaemia resolution at a median age of 4.8 years (range 4.45–5.5 years). Conclusion: Patients with CCHS, due to PHOX2B mutations, may experience both fasting and postprandial hypoglycaemia, necessitating treatment for HH. Clinicians should screen children with CCHS for hypoglycaemia symptoms to quickly identify those affected by HH, initiate prompt treatment, and prevent potential brain injury from severe hypoglycaemia. The severity of hypoglycaemia due to HH tends to decrease over time, with glycaemic resolution potentially being achieved over several years.
Radiation-Induced Macrovessel/Microvessel Disease
Authors: Abe Jun-ichi , Allen Bryan G. , Beyer Andreas M. , Lewandowski David , Mapuskar Kranti A. , Subramanian Vikram , Tamplin Michelle R. , Grumbach Isabella M.
Published: October 2024

Radiation therapy (RT) is a cornerstone in cancer treatment (used in 50% of cases), yet challenges persist because damage to normal tissue through direct impact of radiation or bystander effects is inevitable. Injury of macrovessels by RT manifests as obstructive disease, which is akin to atherosclerotic disease. Historically observed in coronary arteries of patients treated for breast cancer and lymphoma, it also affects patients receiving contemporary therapy for lung and chest cancers. Moreover, radiation at various sites can lead to peripheral vascular disease. An aspect of radiation-induced injury that has received little attention is microvascular injury, which typically results from damage to the endothelium and is considered the primary driver of RT-induced toxicity in the skin, kidney, and brain. This review delves into the clinical manifestations of RT-induced vascular disease, signaling pathways, cellular targets affected by radiation injury, and preclinical models of RT-induced vascular injury. The goal is to inspire the development of innovative strategies to prevent RT-related cardiovascular disease.
New Practice of Environmental Governance in China
Authors: Guiyue Luo , Yuanyuan Mou
Published: October 2024

Preventive environmental civil public interest litigation is an institutional innovation of environmental governance in China. Previous research primarily focuses on the implementation of prevention principles and environmental risk management; however, it fails to identify the significant risks in the new practice. There are significant risks that human behaviour may result in the creation of radioactive toxins and contaminants that are not perceptible to humans and which may have dramatic short- or long-term effects on plants, animals, and humans. This paper seeks to close this research gap. A review of typical cases revealed three elements that judges should consider when identifying significant risks in preventive environmental public interest litigation. Firstly, the significant risks involved in the case must be directly related to the public interest. Secondly, the probability of significant risks occurring should be emphasised. Thirdly, the proportionality principle should be adhered to in deciding on preventive means to be used in the case. We found some ambiguities and defects in the identification of significant risks. This article makes proposals to improve environmental legislation and application ambiguities in new practice in order to contribute to better environmental governance.
Enter the CORSIA First Phase
Authors: Pratama Garry Gumelar
Published: October 2024

The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) entered its First Phase on 1 January 2024. Aircraft operators are required to offset their emissions for the first time in this Phase to mitigate their climate impact. This note chronologises its major developmental trajectory leading up to this Phase. Furthermore, developments of climate initiatives at the regional level are related to CORSIA. It is noteworthy to see CORSIA from a European Union (EU) perspective because of the recent amendment to the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The European Commission has set a ‘deadline’ to review the effectiveness of CORSIA and made efforts to establish the EU ‘world premiere’ in the monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) of aviation non-CO2 emissions. This indicates a broader scope of the EU ETS than that of CORSIA. With the deadline and regional developments, CORSIA is approaching a juncture for the potential design changes from its sole focus on CO2 emissions to include non-CO2 emissions.
Three new tubificine species (Annelida: Clitellata: Naididae) from Japan
Authors: OHTAKA AKIFUMI
Published: October 2024

Three new species of Tubificinae (Oligochaeta: Naididae), Aulodrilus penicillatus sp. nov., Haber subnivalis sp. nov. and Varichaetadrilus salinus sp. nov. are described from Japanese inland waters. Aulodrilus penicillatus is unique in the genus in having tufts of fine bristles in the position of upper teeth on the chaetae. Haber subnivalis resembles the Baikalian H. vetus (Semernoy) in sharing long and hispid hairs and pectinate chaetae in dorsal bundles. However, H. subnivalis is different from H. vetus in retaining pectinate chaetae throughout the segments, and in the absence of a thick basal membrane around the penes. Varichaetadrilus salinus resembles V. psammophilus (Loden), V. fulleri Brinkhurst & Kathman and V. angustipenis (Brinkhurst & Cook) in having only bifid chaetae in dorsal bundles, but is distinguished from these congeners by having fewer number of chaetae in dorsal bundles, short upper teeth in the dorsal chaetae, and finger cot-shaped penial sheaths. In addition, V. salinus is unique among congeners in the absence of spermathecae.
Trends in Soft Palate Surgery and Reimbursements for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among the Medicare Population
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Frank Madelyn I. , Patel Rahul A. , Manes R. Peter , Kuan Edward C. , Trask Douglas K.
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

This study aims to analyze trends in utilization and reimbursement of soft palate surgery for OSA using the Medicare national database.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the 2000 to 2021 Part B National Summery datafiles using current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 42145 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty [UPPP]), 42950 (pharyngoplasty [PP]), and 42140 (uvulectomy [UVU]) was performed.

Results:

Between 2000 and 2021, the number of OSA surgeries fell 65.7% from 4208 to 1443. UPPP fell 87.6% from 3455 in 2000 to 428 in 2021 ( P < .001). UVU also fell in popularity, from 568 to 376 (33.8%; P < .001). In contrast, the performance of PP rose 245.4% over time, from 185 to 639 ( P < .001). When comparing 2000 to 2009, both PP and UVU rose in relative use (from 4.4% to 12.3% and from 13.5% to 20.4% of all soft palate OSA surgeries, respectively), while UPPP fell (82.1% to 67.3%; P < .001). Total Medicare payments for all 3 procedures fell 57.2% from $1 658 844 to $633 091 ( P < .001). Adjusted total UPPP payments fell 88.7% ( P < .001). Adjusted total PP payment rose 137.5% to $262 538 in 2021 ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Soft palate surgery for OSA has declined amongst the Medicare population over 21 years (2000-2021). The more individualized and tissue sparing PP has risen in popularity but did not overcome the large decline of the traditional UPPP. Accordingly, there was a 75.7% fall in inflation-adjusted reimbursements. Overall, our data indicates a decline in soft palate surgery in the management of geriatric OSA, with modest relative increase in pharyngoplasty procedures.
Design and implementation of a field robot using a parallelogram mechanism
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Phuong , Nguyen Hung , Ngo Thinh
Published: October 2024

To meet various industrial requirements such as ease of motion, scalability, and cost efficiency, it is necessary to innovate the design of robotic platforms. In this research, a novel approach, from mechanical design to control implementation, is introduced for launching a robotic platform using a parallelogram mechanism. First, a reverse engineering process is applied, progressing from kinematics to dynamics. Then, several mechanical computations are conducted to ensure the structural stability of the robot framework. Subsequently, the dynamic performance of the system is analyzed, focusing on the driving torque and moments in each link. Additionally, the electrical design and transfer function of each joint are identified to ensure practical execution. To validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the design, both numerical simulations and experimental tests are performed. Theoretical results show the dynamic response of the proposed method, particularly in terms of the driving moments of the robotic joints. In real-world tests, various trajectories, such as different rectangular paths, are demonstrated to showcase the robot's capabilities. From these results, it is clear that the proposed approach is both feasible and applicable in practical scenarios.
Towards the integrated study of the dialogical self and agency to research personal change in education / Hacia el estudio integrado del yo dialógico y la agencia para investigar el cambio personal en educación
Authors: Ventura Ana Clara , Liesa-Hernández Eva , Roncancio-Moreno Mónica
Published: October 2024

Dialogical and sociocultural perspectives propose the dialogical self and agency, respectively, as privileged constructs to account for the processes of personal change in education. However, the integrated study between both phenomena has rarely been addressed systematically in education to understand in greater depth how students and teachers construct their identity as learners and teachers. This special issue seeks to contribute to this research gap through the theoretical advances and empirical evidence presented by eight original articles. This introduction identifies the main contributions to education of the developments on the dialogical self and agency and, furthermore, defines the conceptual scopes and implications of their integration. Then, the structure of the special issue is described and a brief summary is presented of the content of the eight articles. Altogether, this issue is an invitation to capture and explain in more detail the originality, innovation and relative autonomy in the activity of students and teachers as they situate and position themselves and participate in educational practices.
Corrective Intra-articular Osteotomy for Malreductions of Tibial Pilon Fractures in Patients Less Than 55 Years Old
Authors: Li Ya-Xing , Gan Ting-Jiang , Ma Xi-Kun , Chen Yu , Liu Xi , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2024

Background:

Tibial pilon malreductions are challenging to correctively reconstruct, and the relevant literature is limited. This study aims to assess whether corrective intra-articular osteotomy is worthwhile to treat relatively younger (<55-year-old) patients with intra-articular malreductions of pilon fractures.

Methods:

This is a retrospective observational study with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. From 2013 to 2021, 21 patients (mean age: 39.2 ± 11.2 years) with intra-articular pilon malreductions ≥6 weeks treated with intra-articular osteotomies were analyzed. The median interval time until intra-articular osteotomy was 76 (interquartile range [IQR], 49-149) days. Plain radiographs and computed tomography were used for radiographic assessments. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS), the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, and ankle range of motion (ROM).

Results:

The median follow-up duration was 34.6 (IQR, 26.1-74.3) months. The median articular displacement was reduced from 12.7 mm preoperatively to 2.7 mm postoperatively ( P < .05). According to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading, 16 patients were assigned to stage II, 4 to stage III, and 1 to stage IV. In the 10 patients with available preoperative assessments, substantial improvement was found in the VAS score, from 5.90 to 2.0 at the final follow-up ( P < .05). Similarly, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and SF-36 scores improved ( P < .05). Ankle ROM did not change a clinically meaningful amount. Progressive degenerative changes were noted in 2 of 10 patients who had adequate preoperative imaging. Four patients had VAS scores ≥4 including 1 patient who is scheduled for an arthrodesis.

Conclusion:

In this small series, we found that the corrective osteotomies generally provided reasonable improvement at 3 years in patients <55 years old with intra-articular malreduction of pilon fractures. Prospective cohort studies are needed to determine if it is worthwhile in long-term outcome.
A novel technique for snuffbox fistula creation
Authors: Wang Xiaohe , Zhi Jia , Hou Guocun
Published: October 2024

Background:

In this pilot study, we describe a novel technique for creating a snuffbox fistula (SBF) and present the preliminary outcomes after 4–6 weeks of follow-up.

Methods:

The study included eight male patients with a mean age of 50 years (range 36–66 years). All patients received an SBF using the modified no-touch technique (MNTT) and piggyback straight-line on-lay technique (pSLOT).

Results:

Immediate patency was obtained for all patients. In one case, a thrombosis developed at the juxta anastomosis. The remaining seven SBFs met the clinical arteriovenous fistula maturity criteria at the physical examination performed 4–6 weeks after surgery, showing an easily palpable vein, a straight superficial segment >10 cm in length and a sufficient diameter, and good palpable thrill. In addition, an ultrasound examination showed that the diameter of the drainage vein was 4–6 mm, and the brachial blood flow was ⩾500 mL/min.

Conclusions:

The combination of MNTT and pSLOT was used to successfully establish SBFs, and the success rate of surgery and access maturity were high.
Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts
Authors: Owen-Boukra Emily , Cai Ziyue , Duddy Claire , Fudge Nina , Hamer-Hunt Julia , Husson Fran , Mahtani Kamal R , Ogden Margaret , Swinglehurst Deborah , Turner Malcolm , Whittlesea Cate , Wong Geoff , Park Sophie
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working.

Methods

We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King’s Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022.

Results

A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient’s trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships.

Conclusions

Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.
‘Flow’: A Film About the Disclosure of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Cunnington Claire , de Courcier Scarlett , Godwin Chris , Hannis Jodie , Lloyd Julie , Macklam Susan , Turner Zillah
Published: October 2024

Trauma-informed care is growing in importance in health and social care, with disclosure as a vital first step. Yet evidence suggests that individual interactions with professionals may not facilitate trauma disclosure. ‘Flow’ aimed to address this. The film represents a high-quality, behaviour change resource that can be utilised in a wide range of circumstances. It was co-produced by representatives from the University of Sheffield, NHS England, the Department of Health and people with lived experience of childhood sexual abuse. The film follows the story of Amy, who is preparing for her art exhibition when a comment reignites traumatic childhood memories. She wants to approach her General Practitioner for help but is hindered both by family loyalty and barriers to disclosure within the NHS. ‘Flow’ has been used both in statutory services and non-governmental organisations, as well as being selected for inclusion in two film festivals. It represents an innovative way to communicate research results and foster change.
Preliminary impressions: Using a humanoid robot in the neuropsychological assessment of children with selective mutism
Authors: Godoi Diogo Henrique , Azevedo Helio , Rodrigues Camila Luisi , Rocca Cristiana Castanho de Almeida , Beraldo Filho Germano , Castro Lilian Lerner , Asbahr Fernando , Romero Roseli A. Francelin
Published: October 2024

In the scope of anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence, selective mutism is characterized by a consistent failure to speak, interfering with social communication and academic performance which invariably requires clinical interventions. Since children and adolescents with this condition may present cognitive difficulties, there is a need for further investigation, with the aim of identifying a neuropsychological profile. Traditionally, the most used interventions in the literature involve drug treatment as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. In support of traditional treatment, new and sophisticated technologies are being explored to improve the results already achieved. Examples of these technologies involve software systems and augmented reality used to support cognitive behavioral therapy. In line with new technologies, this article presents an unprecedented clinical trial, in the context of neuropsychological assessment, involving the use of a humanoid robot as a verbal communication tool between the psychologist and the child. The pilot study involved four children with selective mutism, where in two cases the approach showed very promising results. In the other two cases, the children remained mute and chose not to interact with the robot. The results of this initial clinical trial motivated the team to evolve the experiment by including new cases of selective mutism.
Do police make you feel safe? A qualitative comparison of youth and youth service provider perspectives
Authors: Light Jessica , Cobbina-Dungy Jennifer E. , Gibbs Carole
Published: October 2024

Scholars have shown that age, race, and community context are consistent predictors of civilians’ perceptions of police and feelings of safety. Less is known about how young people residing in high-crime disadvantaged neighborhoods perceive police. Using in-depth interviews with 37 youth and adult service providers in Lansing, Michigan, this study examines whether and why young people feel the police increase or decrease their safety within their neighborhood and how these beliefs may differ from those of adults in the community. This study found nearly all of these youth indicated that the police decreased their feelings of safety; however, they did not hold more negative feelings toward the police than adults. Consistent with prior literature, respondents’ feelings were shaped by personal and indirect contact with police, especially adverse incidents.
Local government cultural economy data practices and futures: Capacity, decision-making and partnerships
Authors: Ashton Daniel , Bell Makanani
Published: October 2024

This article investigates local government cultural economy data practices in England (UK). Engaging with academic literature and policy reports, it highlights the following issues relating to these data practices: types of data; the context and drivers for using data; the possibilities and challenges of data volume; and training and expertise required to position data in relation to strategic decision-making. Engaging with the authors’ research project with local government councillors and data officers working in local authorities in England, this article provides insights into situated experiences and working contexts. The analysis reveals specific challenges and opportunities around resources and capacity, decision-making and partnerships. These data practices and challenges are critically examined through perspectives from critical data studies and the data feminism principles of context and visibility. Insights and issues are raised around decision-making, intuition and capacity, expertise and gatekeeping and more encompassing concerns around data characteristics and social power. In response, approaches from data literacy, namely data biographies, are explored to inform interventions into local government cultural economy data practices.
Residual Rotatory Instability after ACL Reconstruction Surgery
Authors: Pontoh Ludwig Andre
Published: October 2024

Despite improvement of the reconstruction techniques of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a number of patients continue to present residual rotational instability and pivot shift following surgery. This has led to a search for the causes of such instability in other structures of the knee and in the bone morphology itself.

The reconstruction surgery of the ACL is not the only consideration; the rest of the structures that may be affected and which will need correct treatment. Diagnosing and adequately treating the ligamentous, meniscal and bony lesions associated to ACL rupture is mandatory.
Assessing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Combined with Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis or Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wien Aryana Gusti Ngurah , Pratama Putra Dewa Gede Indra , Dimitri Dominicus
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of two primary ligaments responsible for providing stability to the knee joint. ACL rupture is a frequent occurrence in sports-related knee injuries. Persistent rotational instability following surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLR) has presented a longstanding difficulty. Anterolateral extra-articular procedures (AEAP), including lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) or reconstruction of the anterolateral ligament (ALLR), have been employed to address this issue.

METHODS:

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to August 2023. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) studies were included. The CONSORT criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. Using Review Manager ver. 5.4. The effect sizes were estimated as log risk ratios and SMDs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:

Of the 17 screened studies, 9 RCTs met the eligibility criteria for qualitative analysis; 7 were included in the meta-analysis. It was found that [OR = -1.56 (-2.02 to -1.06), P < 0.001)] in favor of ACLR+AEAP, this indicates that the incorporation of AEAP in ACLR leads to significantly improved pivot shift test results, thereby enhancing rotational stability. The comparison of pivot-shift alone in LET [OR = 0.40 (0.19-0.81), P < 0.0001] and ALLR [OR = 0.23 (0.11-0.47), P < 0.0001]. The comparison of adverse event rates in LET [OR = 2.34 (1.53-3.58), P < 0.0001] and ALLR [OR = 0.59 (0.36-0.95), P = 0.03].

CONCLUSIONS:

This meta-analysis has found that use of either LET or ALLR in addition to ACLR enhances mechanical results. Patients who received both additional procedures along with ACLR exhibited better pivot-shift grades than those who only had ACLR. Moreover, both combined approaches resulted in lower rates of ACL re-rupture compared to ACLR alone. Notably, ALLR also led to lower rates of ACL re-rupture compared to LET.