bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Here’ and ‘There’: Constructing the Idea of Home in (Lithuanian) Migration
Authors: Daukšas Darius
Published: October 2021

The article analyses the concepts of home. The analysis is based on field research data obtained from two Norwegian municipalities, one in the northern and one in the south-western part of Norway. Based on interviews, the article reveals the migrants’ own concepts of home. The results of the survey reveal three main concepts of home construction by migrants: home in Lithuania, home in Norway, and home as ‘here’ and ‘there’. The idea of home in Lithuania while permanently living in Norway is partly related to the migrants’ age and their social status, also on the degree of integration into the new society (older immigrants to Norway often work in low-skilled jobs and do not speak Norwegian or speak it poorly); they see their presence in Norway as temporary and based on economic criteria. The idea of Norway as home correlates with the (high) degree of integration of migrants into Norwegian society. Migrants who feel well received by the new society, regardless of age, call Norway their home. The idea of home as ‘here’ and ‘there’ is closely linked to the time dimension. Migrants often emphasize that after arriving in Norway, they seldom see themselves as having left Lithuania, until they gradually integrate into the new society and begin considering Norway as their home. Lithuania is often referred to as second home (more often associated with holidays, entertainment, etc.). The kin (mostly parents) are named as a bridge between Norway and Lithuania, which disappears when parents pass away. Various intermediate ideas of home construction are also possible. For example, identifying the place of residence of family members at the time as home or not being able to pinpoint where you feel at home. The discussed dimension of emotions in the construction of the idea of home also provides inspirations for further reflection on the construction of home as a constant process, which is dependent not only on rationally chosen factors but also on the socio-cultural environment and intercultural communication.
Catálogo de los Caraboidea (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae y Carabidae) de la Región de Murcia
Authors: Serrano José , Lencina José Luis , Miñano Jesús
Published: October 2021

Se ha elaborado una versión nueva del Catálogo de los coleópteros caraboideos de la región de Murcia, gracias a miles de nuevas aportaciones sobre la distribución regional de estos insectos. Se conocen 372 especies, cifra que duplica la conocida del catálogo de 1987. En esta versión se incluye el mapa de citas de cada especie, la descripción de las comunidades que ocupan los biotopos más característicos de la Región y un análisis biogeográfico sobre la composición faunística y el origen histórico del poblamiento de Murcia por parte de estos coleópteros tan diversos. La obra proporciona además los datos fundamentales para estudios futuros sobre conservación de la biodiversidad y las respuestas de la fauna a un ambiente que está cambiando con gran celeridad.
Annual report on U.S. manufacturing industry statistics :
Authors: Thomas Douglas S
Published: October 2021

This report provides a statistical review of the U.S. manufacturing industry. There are three aspects of U.S. manufacturing that are considered: (1) how the U.S. industry compares to other countries, (2) the trends in the domestic industry, and (3) the industry trends compared to those in other countries. The U.S. remains a major manufacturing nation; however, other countries are rising rapidly. Manufacturing in the U.S. was significantly impacted by the pandemic. Although U.S. manufacturing performs well in many respects, there are opportunities for advancing competitiveness. This will require strategic placement of resources to ensure that U.S. investments have the highest return possible.
Kontroversielle aspekter i historieundervisningen
Authors: Johannesen Hildegunn Juulsgaard
Published: October 2021

Artiklen undersøger, hvordan kontroversielle aspekter indgår i historieundervisningen som fortællinger, der reproduceres i spændingsfeltet mellem læremidler, klasserummet og i relationen til historiens handlinger og aktører. Artiklens hovedpointe er, at kontroversielle aspekter er bundet i tid og sted og forholder sig moralsk til fortalt fortid. Praksisfortolkninger af læremidler i et sociokulturelt perspektiv informerer og styrer den teoretiske ramme. Dataene, der præsenteres, stammer fra et etnograﬁsk klasserumsstudie af 3 lærere og 5 klasser i grundskolens overbygning. Resultatet viser, at kontroversielle aspekter optræder som på- og afmonteringsprocesser i praksisfortolkninger af læremidler og fungerer som didaktisk appel til elevernes moralske stillingtagen. Artiklen bidrager hermed med ny indsigt om kontroversielle aspekters funktion i historieundervisningen i grundskolens overbygning i Danmark.
L’articulation des niveaux organisationnels lors des interactions des étudiants internationaux : état de la situation dans diverses régions du Québec (Canada)
Authors: Frozzini Jorge
Published: October 2021

Cette introduction au numéro thématique présente l’état des interactions entre les étudiants internationaux (ÉI) et les agents sociaux qui les côtoient dans diverses régions du Québec (Canada) ainsi que dans une localité en Bulgarie. Nous proposons aussi un cadre théorique qui porte sur l’articulation de trois niveaux organisationnels affectant les interactions des ÉI et donc leur resocialisation. Ce cadre porte aussi une attention particulière aux technologies de gestion qui interviennent depuis les premiers moments où les ÉI manifestent leur volonté d’aller étudier ailleurs jusqu’au moment de leur départ ou de leur établissement dans le nouvel environnement. Les rencontres interculturelles dans un contexte où il y a une augmentation de la présence des ÉI sont ainsi influencées par les subtilités de la mise en forme des relations sociales, que favorisent les articulations de ces niveaux organisationnels et la coordination permise par les technologies de gestion en place pour assurer un contrôle et un suivi (surveillance) auprès des ÉI.
Le vécu des étudiants internationaux dans une région éloignée du Québec : interactions et resocialisation, le cas de l’UQAC
Authors: Frozzini Jorge , Tremblay Éric
Published: October 2021

Ce texte examine le vécu et l’état des interactions entre les étudiants internationaux, les enseignants et le personnel de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) située dans la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean au Québec (Canada). L’article explore les problématiques qui se manifestent durant le parcours académique de ces étudiants, inscrit dans un contexte de resocialisation, et repère les divers enjeux liés à la situation tant interne qu’externe à l’université, incluant les infrastructures de la ville. Plusieurs constats sont dégagés en ce qui concerne les besoins des étudiants internationaux et des enseignants, dont le manque de ressources, de suivi et de services, malgré une relative satisfaction expérientielle.
Venir d’ailleurs et étudier à l’UQAM : grandeurs et misères de la communication interculturelle en milieu universitaire
Authors: Bourassa-Dansereau Caterine
Published: October 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche exploratoire portant sur les interactions interculturelles de la population étudiante internationale (les ÉI) inscrite dans un programme d’études à l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM). Il met en lumière le rôle central de la communication interculturelle dans les parcours universitaires et souligne les défis qui y sont associés. Plus précisément, nous observons les interactions entre les ÉI et leurs collègues « locaux » ainsi que celles avec les membres du corps enseignant, sous trois éclairages : 1) la nature superficielle des interactions entre étudiants internationaux et étudiants locaux, 2) la « culture universitaire » comme obstacle à la communication interculturelle et 3) l’exemple du « labo » comme modèle de réussite académique, relationnelle et communicationnelle. En définitive, cette contribution met en lumière que le processus communicationnel menant vers la rencontre interculturelle demeure semé d’embûches pour les ÉI. Elle montre que la dimension relationnelle et les enjeux interculturels caractérisant l’expérience de mobilité étudiante, essentiels à sa réussite, demeurent des défis de taille auxquels devront s’atteler les universités afin d’assurer le succès de ces parcours étudiants à l’international.
Précarité et accès aux soins de physiothérapie des migrants sans statut de séjour légal
à Genève
Authors: Gakuba Théogène Octave , Rossier Jean-Luc , Schindler Mélinée
Published: October 2021

La Suisse, à l’instar d’autres pays, est la destination de migrants qui arrivent
pour différentes raisons : économiques, politiques, professionnelles, études, regroupement
familial… Parmi eux, un certain nombre sont considérés comme des « sans-papiers » : ils
séjournent en Suisse sans documents de séjour valables du point de vue du droit des
étrangers. Ces migrants sans papiers sont confrontés à des conditions de vie difficiles et,
ne disposant pas d’assurance maladie, éprouvent des difficultés d’accès aux soins de
santé.

Cet article se base sur les résultats d’une recherche que nous avons menée auprès
de patients migrants sans statut de séjour légal en consultation de physiothérapie à la
Haute école de santé de Genève (HEdS-Genève). Plusieurs ont vécu des événements difficiles
dans leur pays d’origine et de transit (traumatismes de guerre, violences…) ou en vivent
dans leur pays d’accueil (problèmes de statut de séjour, séparations de leurs familles,
chômage, problème de logement, etc.) et, souvent, lors des consultations, ont des demandes
d’aide psychosociale qui dépassent le cadre physiothérapeutique. Dans cet article, nous
abordons les enjeux psychosociaux et interculturels de leur prise en charge
physiothérapeutique par les étudiants stagiaires de la HEdS-Genève.
COMPLEX ASSESSMENT OF BIOSOLID FOR AGRICULTURE USING LIVING ORGANISMS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: PONOGAYBO Ksenia , VORONINA Liudmila
Published: October 2021

The use of biosolids (treated municipal sewage sludge) as a fertilizer is the best way of their disposal. However, not all of them are suitable for use as a fertilizer. Biosolids should be subject to mandatory laboratory control to confirm their safety. Two directions of research on biosolids are being improved: chemical and biological. Chemical analysis methods allow us to determine the qualitative composition of complex waste. The biological approach (use of living organisms) allows us to estimate the total toxicity of all the components. Accordingly, a distinctive characteristic of biological methods is the integrated approach. We examined biosolid extract using a wide range of bioassay methods. As test organisms, we took Daphnia magna Straus, Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, Tetrahymena pyriformis, luminescent bacteria Escherichia coli. In addition, a phytotest was carried out on the culture of Avena sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L. None of the tests revealed a high toxicity of biosolid. Biosolid safety was confirmed by a low content of potentially toxic water-soluble elements – (μg /l): Al3+ – 980; Ba2+ – 19; B – 140; Mn – 360; Cu – 61; As – 57; Ni – 200; Pb – 1,4; Sr2+ – 302; Cr – 18; Zn2+ – 310; Co – 30; Mo – 56; (mg/l): Na+ – 16,8; Fe – 1,0. The bioassay methods make it possible to give an indicative safety assessment of this type of object by the effect of readily soluble (readily available) components from this object on living organisms and plants. The use of bioassay methods using soil extraction as a control tool allows to take into account the combined effect of the presence in the extraction of not only toxic elements that suppress the vital activity of organisms, but also of elements that attract and stimulate the activity of test-organisms.
Imposition of cumulative administrative penalty: technical-legal defects and law enforcement problems in the sphere of forest conservation
Authors: Korepina Anna  Viktorovna
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is the social relations arising in the context of application of administrative sanctions for violating forestry legislation. The object of this research is the legislation on administrative offenses of the Russian Federation and foreign countries, law enforcement and judicial practice. The author observes the ambiguity of application of legislation on administrative offences by the state forestry departments in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, this scientific article indicates one of the relevant issues that stir up disputes among the law enforcement agencies – imposition of cumulative administrative penalty for violating forestry legislation. Using the universal dialectical, descriptive, and hermeneutical methods, the author analyzes the current administrative legal norms that regulate the procedure for imposition of cumulative administrative penalty. Special attention is given to the factors of ambiguity in law enforcement practice in terms of imposition of cumulative administrative penalty, which has developed due to the flaws in legal writing: 1) the absence of conceptual scientific developments dedicated to imposition of administrative penalty for cumulative administrative offenses; 2) simplified approach towards legal regulation of certain institutions of administrative responsibility that generates gaps in the legislation on administrative responsibility, which must filled in by law enforcement practice; 3) inappropriate interpretation of norms of the Article 4.4. of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences by the law enforcement, and namely, judicial bodies. The scientific novelty consists in recommendations for improving the provisions of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses in this sphere. The conclusions are based on the formal-legal and logical methods of research.
Tax regulation of multinational corporations: development trends in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ardashev Artem
Published: October 2021

The question of tax regulation of multinational corporations is quite topical. This article analyzes some aspects of tax regulation of multinational corporations in Russia, as well as outlines promising vectors of the development of tax regulation of multinational corporations, taking into account the practice and results of the analysis of information sources suggested for using within the framework of the method of comparable market prices, and correlation between the account statements indicators of independent Russian trade companies. Substantiation is given to the accounting for certain types of other income and expenditures, as well as the need for the implementation of “safe harbor” for transactions with intangible assets. The author offers an alternative for calculating the boundaries of “safe harbor”. In the course of writing this article, the author observed the practice of enforcement of rules that regulate the formation of taxation bases, carried out statistical analysis, and used general logical methods. The conclusion is made that the development of regulation of multinational corporations is a promising direction, as these economic entities generate significant financial flows. The variety of operational models and organization techniques complicate the development of the universal global approach, which consists in distribution of financial results between the accepting countries. Elimination of ambiguity in tax relations is an important vector of development. The article offers the solutions to this problem.
Hate speech in intercultural encounters
Authors: Nielsen Anne Birgitta , Pirtskhalava Ekaterine , Basilaia Ekaterine
Published: October 2021

The issue of hate speech has been a topic of international debate—most frequently in the domains of law, philosophy and language. Different issues linked to changes in society, ranging from the proliferation of social media, innovation and technology and influx of fake news, disinformation and propaganda to the rise of nationalism, far-right movements, increased cross-border movement of people and transnational business have made studying the conceptual and practical aspects of hate speech in different contexts ever more important.
The papers in this issue focus on the sociolinguistic aspects of the use of hate speech and its different variants in online communication, offering a much-needed perspective on how hate speech in digital communication can be identified and tackled. For example, Dr. Manana Ruseishvili and Dr. Rusudan Dolidze analyse hate speech in computer-meditated communication, focusing on the polylogal, asynchronic remarks made by members of the public reacting to articles in online media or press releases about the LGBT pride event planned for June 2019. The research carried out by Lilit Bekaryan explores how hateful posts and comments can start among Facebook users, and studies the language means employed in their design based on data from more than ten open Facebook pages managed by popular Armenian figures, such as media experts, journalists, politicians and bloggers. Dr. Tatjana R. Felberg explores the interconnectedness between impoliteness and hate speech in online comments in Croatia and Serbia by applying impoliteness theory and a critical discourse analysis framework. Her research demonstrates that those who post often fluctuate between hate speech and impoliteness. Dr. Ayunts and Dr. Paronyan provide a comparative analysis of manifestations of hate speech and euphemisms in Armenian and British online media outlets and social sites targeting people's sexual orientation with emphasis on the interconnectedness of hate speech and culture.
This issue was prepared as part of the project ‘Intercultural encounters in academia and work places in South Caucasus and Norway’ funded by DIKU, the Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education. The project partner universities are Oslo Metropolitan University, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Yerevan State University and Khazar University.
Roo the day: evaluating the ShuRoo for prevention of macropod-vehicle collisions
Authors: Bender H. , Coulson G.
Published: October 2021

Collisions between vehicles and macropods pose problems for road safety, animal welfare and wildlife conservation in Australia. We tested the ShuRoo, which is marketed specifically to deter kangaroos from approaching vehicles. We recruited 18 fleet operators with vehicles travelling consistent routes over long distances in rural areas: 59 vehicles fitted with ShuRoos and 40 vehicles without ShuRooss to act as controls. Drivers kept a log of collisions with macropods over an average distance travelled of 46,131 km. The overall mean rate of collisions with macropods was 1.16 per 100,000 km, with no significant difference between vehicles with a ShuRoo (1.32 ± 0.51) versus those without the device (0.68 ± 0.39). Drivers have the capacity to change their behaviour as a coping strategy to the presence of wildlife on the road, but risk a rebound effect if they believe the ShuRoo manufacturer’s claims and do not modify their driving behaviour to match the context. Rather than retro-fitting an ill-conceived device like the ShuRoo, an integrated, inter-disciplinary approach is needed to resolve the pervasive problem of macropod-vehicle collisions.
Community Attitudes and Knowledge on Conservation of Rothschild’s Giraffes in Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve in Kenya
Authors: Gathuku George Njagi , Gichuki Cecilia , Ngare Innocent , Otieno Margaret
Published: October 2021

The attitude and conservation knowledge of Rothschild’s giraffe ecosystems by host communities is critical in sustainability of parks and reserves in Kenya. This study was conducted in two different giraffe habitats, namely Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve in Kenya. The objective of the study was to assess the attitudes and wildlife conservation knowledge of the local community towards the adjacent protected area. A descriptive research design that involved administering of closed ended questionnaires in the survey was used to obtain data from the local Community.  Binary logistic regression was applied on statistical data to ascertain the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variables of the study. To ascertain the intensity of attitudes and knowledge, a likert scale was used.  In addition, a statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) was used to ascertain inferences from the results. The results indicate that, the community’s perception of wildlife conservation Knowledge was moderate χ2 (1,315) =31.641, p=0.000. Their attitude score based on the rating of the future of the Park and Reserve was low (F (4, 275) = 11.104, p = 0.000). However, the majority of the community (90%) felt the need to be involved further in the process of decision making in matters pertaining to conservation of the park and the reserve. Based on the findings, the study recommends that, Kenya Wildlife Service should involve the community in the decision making and management of these protected areas. In addition, the host communities should be capacity built on wildlife conservation approaches in Ruma National Park and Mwea National Reserve.
Effect of Dietary Lipid Sources on Feed Utilization, Growth Efficiency and Carcass Composition of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles
Authors: Nwakaji S. , Aliu B. S. , Nwose F. O.
Published: October 2021

This study was designed to investigate plant and animal lipid that can enhance feed utilization, growth, and survival of Clarias gariepinus Juveniles. Juveniles with mean weight 32.50±0.5g were stocked randomly to seven tanks replicated thrice, with each tank having seven fish each and were fed with the prepared diets with varied lipid. 40% crude protein and isocaloric diets with digestible energy of 2,933.76Kcal were formulated and labelled Diet 1-7 with different sources of plant and animal lipids. Diet 1, 2 and 3 contained palm oil, Groundnut oil and soybean oil respectively, while diet 4, 5 and 6 contained Pork lard, Cod Liver oil and Beef tallow. Diet 7 (Control diet without any lipid source).

The result showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rates among the diets. The mean weight gain was highest in fish fed with pork lard (22.12g) while the lowest value of 15.36g was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. Relative weight gains and feed intake showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between fish fed lipids of plant origin. However, there was significant difference (P<0.05) among fish fed lipids from animal origin. The Highest Total Cholesterol (28.18 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed beef tallow as lipid sources while the least value of low-density cholesterol (value of 2.26 mg/dl) was recorded in fish fed with soybean oil. In conclusion, C. gariepinus was able to utilize animal-based lipid sources more in terms of growth and feed utilization while the lipid profile result of the individual carcass after the culture period showed that C. gariepinus fed lipid from plant sources had a slightly better cholesterol level than those fed lipid of animal sources.
Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on Maize Production in Mali
Authors: Maïga Abdoulaye , Bathily Moussa , Bamba Amadou , Mouleye Issoufou Soumaïla , Sissako Nimaga Mamadi
Published: October 2021

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of climate change on maize production in Mali during the period 1990-2020. The unit root test (augmented Dickey-Fuller) was used to check the order of integration between the variables in the study. The ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) approach to cointegration limits is applied to assess the association between the study variables with evidence of a long-term relationship. The unit root test estimates confirm that all variables are stationary at the combination of I(0) and I(1). The results show that precipitation and temperature in June and July have a negative and highly significant effect on maize production in both the short and long term analyses. Among other determinants, the area of land devoted to maize crops and GDP per capita have a positive effect on production. The estimated coefficient on the error correction term is also highly also highly significant As Mali's population grows, in the coming decades the country will face food security challenges. Possible initiatives are needed to configure the Malian government to address the negative effects of climate change on agriculture and ensure adequate food for the growing population.
Evaluation of Blackgram [(Vigna mungo (L)] Genotypes for Saline Tolerance at Seedling Stage Using Sea Water
Authors: Gandhi Mukul Kumar , Kumar Abhay , Marviya G. V. , Paul Prasenjit
Published: October 2021

Blackgram is one of the most highly prized pulse crops, cultivated in almost all parts of India.Soil salinity is one ofthe major factors responsible for losses in agriculturalproduction in most of the arid and semi-arid regions in theworld leading to loss in yield. The experiment was maintained for 10 days and all the observations from the seedlings namely germination percentage, shoot length, root length, dry matter production, vigour index I and vigour index II were recorded from each replicate and mean was worked out.On the basis of physiological parameters, the blackgram genotypes were discriminated into tolerant, moderate and sensitive to salinity.Germination per cent decreased by 85.5%, root length reduced by 75.68%, shoot length reduced by 61.73% while seedling length decreased by 22.30% in T4 treatment as compared to the T1 (control) treatment among all the blackgram genotypes. Seedling dry weight reduced by 40.04 folds in T4 treatment as compared to the T1 (control) treatment. Looking to the vigour index, seedling vigour index-I (length basis) and seedling vigour index-II (Dry weight basis) decreased by 0.03 and 1.18 folds, respectively. Out of 20 genotypes, four genotypes viz., IC-204869, TPU-94-2, IC-21485, and IC-214844 were found to be tolerant to salinity. thirteengenotypes were found to be moderately tolerant and three genotype viz.,SKNU-03-03, SKNU-0703, and SKNU-06-03 are sensitive to salinity.
The Influence of Smoking on Choroidal, Macular and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness
Authors: El Rokh Mona Ahmed , Gaber Raouf Ahmed , Eldesoky Elsaed Ebrahem , Ghoraba Hamouda Hamdy
Published: October 2021

Background: Smoking is one of the most serious health hazards because it affects every organ in our bodies. Cigarette smoking increases the chance of developing systemic and ocular vascular diseases significantly. Although the exact mechanism behind the association between ocular vascular disorders and smoking are unknown, the peripheral vasoconstriction action of nicotine is believed to lead to an increase in peripheral blood flow resistance. This study was designed to examine the impact of smoking with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) on the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre (RNFL), macular, and choroidal thickness.

Methods: This prospective study was done on 50. It included 25 healthy cigarette smokers with no systemic or ocular illness and another 25 age- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers.

Results: The smoking group had a substantial reduction in central macular and choroidal thickness as compared to the nonsmoker group. The RNFL peripapillary thickness across groups was not significantly altered, with the exception of the temporal (T) quadrant which was significantly thinner in the smoking group. This study discovered a substantial negative correlation between peripapillary RNFL, central macular thickness, and smoking exposure.

Conclusions: Smoking reduces the mean thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (particularly in the temporal quadrant), the choroidal layer, and the central macular layer statistically significantly.
Treatment Efficiency of Drill Cuttings Using Thermal Desorption Technology
Authors: Emeka Nwosu, Barry , Joel Ogbonna F.
Published: October 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the treatment efficiency of drill cuttings using the Thermal Desorption Technology.

Study Design: Drill cuttings were obtained from a work-over drilling operation with samples obtained at a depth of 2,750m from a typical well for this baseline study. The aim is to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the drill cuttings in a laboratory before and after the thermal desorption processes. A second drill cutting sample from another field location at the same depth of 2,750m was used for comparison during the analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria (Laboratory analysis was done at Anal Concept Ltd, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria and the thermal desorption unit is situated at the Initiates Plc, Etche LGA, Rivers state, Nigeria).

Methodology: A representative sample feedstock of cuttings was collected before and after the thermal treatment. The drill cutting sample was taken from a mixing tank by using a cup and auger. The samples of the cuttings were made for each case of the grab samples, and the samples later transferred into 500mL glass bottles. The sample contaminants were analyzed in a chemical laboratory using standard methods for determining the pH level, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals.

Results: The result showed significant reductions in all the pollutant concentrations after the drill cuttings were treated with the Thermal Desorption Unit. Moisture Content (MC) and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) decreased significantly by 86% and 93% respectively. The concentration of the combination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) reduced drastically by 98% and the heavy metals concentration levels were also reduced after treatment with the TDU. Also, the laboratory analysis result of the treated drill cuttings shows that the pH level, Electrical Conductivity, Moisture Content, Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metals concentrations did not exceed the recommended Department of Petroleum Resources (D.P.R) limits.

Conclusion: This research reveals that the thermal desorption technology is the most economical, efficient and environmentally friendly method of waste management due to its contaminant removal efficiency. This method enhances product recovery and subsequent recycling which helps to reduce environmental impact and prevent economic losses.
An Overview of Surgical Treatment of Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Abood Hashem Bark Awadh , Alshehri Rakan Ali , Aljohani Yasir Salah , Almusallam Abdullah Yousef , Aljabarah Norah Sulaiman , Hakami Abeer Ali , Alzahrani Talal Mohammed , Alqahtani Ohud Mohammed M. , Alqahtani Osama Hassan , Almuhanna Ahmed Abdullah
Published: October 2021

A number of advancements in the therapy of perforated duodenal ulcers have been made in the recent two decades, suggesting that the disease's morbidity and mortality may be reduced. Recently, there has been a return to a more conservative first approach, with reports of either delayed resection or two-stage surgery, in which a non-radical resection is performed first, followed by lymphadenectomy at a later date. Furthermore, because gastric lymphoma can be cured without resection, many upper GI surgeons recommend performing a biopsy and repair at the index operation and then considering how best to continue if adenocarcinoma is discovered later.
Histopathological Correlation in Different Types of Leprosy in a Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Ravali M. , Thomas Jayakar
Published: October 2021

Hansen’s disease or Leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease that is contagious and has a slow evolution. It affects mainly skin and schwann cells in the peripheral nerves and causes peripheral neuropathy which contributes to the permanent functional impairments [1]. It is caused by a rod shaped,acid fast staining bacteria known as Mycobacterium Leprae which has parallel sides, round ends and a characteristic bundle of cigar appearance due to the presence of a glial substance which is a surface lipid that makes the bacilli to be arranged side by side in parallel arrays [2]. It has a distinctive empathy towards the peripheral nerves where it establishes originally therefore it is the site where the pathological processes start mainly with the principal target being Schwann cell [3,4].  Amidst the communicable diseases, Leprosy is the most common cause of physical disabilities which is permanent. When the bacterium enters a person with good cell-mediated immunity against it, it gets destroyed. If there is a slight impairment in the cell-mediated immunity against it, some bacilli will multiply and a lesion develops. Depending upon the immune status of a host, it expresses itself in different clinico-histopathological forms [5]. Ridley and Jopling suggested a five-group classification of leprosy known as immunological classification based upon the immunological status of the patient as (a) tuberculoid (TT), (b) borderline tuberculoid (BT), (c) mid-borderline (BB), (d) borderline lepromatous (BL) and (e) lepromatous (LL) [6]. Bacteriological, immunological, clinical and histopathological features exhibit continuous but slow changes from one pole to another pole. The main disadvantage of this classification is that there is no specific position for pure neuritic as well as indeterminate leprosy in the spectrum [7].
The Emergence of New Rotavirus Strains in America
Authors: Bourdett-Stanziola Lurys , Centeno Edwing , Cuevas-Abrego Manuel , Durant-Archibold Armando A. , Ortega-Barría Eduardo , Bucardo Filemón
Published: October 2021

Rotavirus infections are the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in young children and animal worldwide. In some countries in Latin American specifically in Central American and Caribbean countries, rotavirus infections are not subject to specific surveillance. This review is about the unusually strains detected and potential zoonotic of rotavirus in Latin American. Although, interspecies transmission has not been documented to occur directly, an increase of the number of reports of atypical rotavirus genotypes; apparently derived from transmission between animal of farm, domestic and wild with humans, has been reported in some Latin American countries and the world. We consider that the rapid increase in the detection of new unusual strains with genetic heterogeneity, raises interesting questions about the evolution of rotavirus in The Latin American region. The emergence of novel strains derived from interspecies transmission has implications for the design and implementation of successful human rotavirus vaccine strategies.
IMPROVING PUBLIC AWARENESS OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT HOUSE USING FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Hariyanto Agus Dwi , Triyadi Sugeng , Widyowijatnoko Andry
Published: October 2021

Public awareness of earthquake-resistant houses can increase the region's resilience to earthquake disasters. This study aims to conduct a comparison of two different groups of people on their opinion of earthquake-resistant housing variables and actions to increase the quality of their house. For supporting public awareness of earthquake-resistant houses, the purpose also determines the latent variables of earthquake-resistant houses and actions from the public for improving the quality of the residential building. This quantitative research begins by collecting the earthquake-resistant house attributes through journal reviews.  This study used a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data on public experiences of earthquake disasters. For data analysis, it used correlation analysis to determine the level of relationship between two variables and utilizes factor analysis to reduce the variable to a small number of factors. The two groups that have different experiences of earthquakes tend to have similar opinions about the characteristics of earthquake-resistant houses and the actions for improving the quality of residential buildings. The five factors of the earthquake-resistant housing are safe structural construction, fixed architectural elements, open accessibility, lightweight-ductile material, and simple floor plan. Then the three factors represent the actions for improving residential quality, namely, to improve material and structure, build an earthquake-resistant house, and make accessibility easy and safe.
URBAN GEOMETRY: CITY SHAPE AND SPATIAL LAYOUT OF 6 INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT CENTERS
Authors: Romdhoni Muhammad Fajri , Rashid Mahbub
Published: October 2021

Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing countries. It has about 50% of the population in the ASEAN region. The country is currently evolving and changing. The recent highlight is the country's plan to create a new capital city – moving from the megalopolitan Jakarta in the Java island to a new remote area in East Kalimantan. However, research on Indonesian cities remains very limited to provide an evidence base for planning a new capital city. A fundamental question arises: Should we plan Indonesia's new capital city following western models, or should we plan the city using traditional Indonesian city patterns?  This paper examines urban geometry to show similarities and differences in the government centers in 6 Indonesian provincial capitals. They are Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Palembang, Surabaya, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The six capital cities will be analyzed and categorized using street grid patterns, street centrality, built-up area and open space distribution, and government center distances. This systematic and quantitative comparison of Cities will define the underlying traits and footprint in these Indonesian cities, and the findings could be considered suggestions and guidelines for the new Indonesian capital city. This study utilizes methods and measures using automation techniques to analyze and classify Indonesian government centers based on street networks and urban geometry. The methods include land use recognition techniques using satellite images; OpenStreetMap (OSM) processed using OSMnx; GIS multi-platform applications to run the spatial analysis. On the one hand, the study should contribute to urban design and capital city planning in Indonesia. On the other hand, it should provide methods for comparative studies of cities in developing countries.
AUTHENTICITY IN BUILDING ADJUSTMENT SIMULATION (Case Study: Emergency Room of St. Elizabeth Hospital Semarang, Indonesia)
Authors: Wahyuningrum Sri Hartuti , Wardhani Mustika Kusumaning , Widjaja Robert Rianto
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to simulate adjustments for new functions in hospitals that respect the authenticity of cultural heritage buildings. The development of heritage buildings should be integrated, especially in adjusting building functions, such as room arrangement. The emergency room is a vital function for hospital services, and consideration is needed to arrange procedures. The research method chosen in this research is descriptive qualitative with a case study in the Magdalena Daeman building St Elizabeth Hospital. Design simulation can be realized by adjusting the standard emergency room requirements into the layout of the building. Additionally, cultural heritage buildings should be maintained to be used in operational functions by carrying out development. This study's results can be a guideline in developing new functions of cultural heritage buildings that meet the conservation technique guidelines.
Sociocultural-Interactive Learning Strategies Employed by Students of Social Science and Engineering Studies
Authors: Chandra Yulianto
Published: October 2021

This study aims to find how frequently employed are Sociocultural-Interactive (SCI) learning strategies by high-proficiency students of English for Academic Purpose at Petra Christian University in Surabaya, Indonesia. The study’s theoretical framework is from Oxford’s (2011) S2R Model. To know the employment frequency of the strategies, questionnaire was distributed to 33 students classified as high-proficiency students. These students were divided into two groups based on the fields of study: social science and engineering. Descriptive statistics was used to see which strategy is more frequently used. Furthermore, to see if there is a significant statistical difference between the two groups, Independent T Test was conducted. The findings suggested that although, in general, social science students used SCI strategies more frequently, there was no significant statistical difference between the two groups regarding their employment of the strategies. Additionally, the findings revealed the SCI strategies have not been maximally used in learning English. Keywords: learning strategies, sociocultural-interactive, high-proficiency, fields of study
Increasing the Brand Awareness of PT. Erindo Mandiri’s Products through a Website
Authors: Liando Jocelyn
Published: October 2021

A website is important because it would increase the brand awareness of a product or service for brand awareness is closely associated with promotional tool. The goal here is to promote and introduce the product or service of a business to the public. PT. Erindo Mandiri was established in 1990 as a manufacturer of mineral water. The main product of the company is Aquase mineral water that have different packaging - cups, bottles, and gallons. The main problem the company is facing is the low brand awareness of their products.  The problems make only few people know about the products. This problem led PT. Erindo Mandiri to have a low-income rates problem. This inability is caused by the lack of appropriate tool used by the salesperson to explain and promote the products to agents and retailers. Therefore, the solution to PT. Erindo Mandiri is to improve or change the current website. This website can help the marketing staff to promote the company’s product more effectively to agents and retailers. Then, they will be attracted to buy our products and do partnership with the company. Keywords:  brand awareness, promotional tools, company website.
HERS: Understanding the Reason Behind a Woman’s Choice not to Get Married
Authors: Thiono Gabriella
Published: October 2021

This creative project is a screenplay. The screenplay is about a woman who struggles to defy the idea of getting married. In the New Order, President Soeharto led Indonesia using Javanese culture. Until today, there is a belief that women in Indonesia are obliged to get married because of the culture. In Javanese culture, there is a value called 3M (macak, masak, manak). The value created a definition of a true woman. A true woman has to be able to look pretty and cook. In order to fulfil the third value, a woman has to get married and have a family. This value burdens some modern Indonesian women, especially those who have careers. Through this screenplay, I want to encourage women that being married is a matter of choice and not an obligation. Keywords: Indonesian women, Javanese value, Javanese culture, marriage, single woman.
The Study of Teacher Role in Writing 3 Class at the English Department of Petra Christian University
Authors: Lay Carmelia
Published: October 2021

In this study, the writer discussed types of teacher role in Writing 3 class at English Department of Petra Christian University. The purpose of this study was to find out the types of teacher roles and different treatments between regular and repeater students. The subject of this study was a lecturer teaching Writing 3 class at English Department of Petra Christian University. The theories used by the writer were types of teacher roles in writing class by Harmer (2007) and Richards (2015). The writer used classroom observation and video recording to collect the data. The findings of this study revealed that there were eight types of teacher role out of nine seen in Writing 3 class which were resource/facilitator, feedback provider/evaluator, motivator, expert writer, cultural informant, collaborator, investigator, and problem solver. As for the treatment, there were different treatments between regular and repeater students. From this study, it could be concluded that the teacher played eight roles out of nine types of teacher roles based on what the students needed and the teacher gave more attention to the repeater students.  Key words: Teacher roles, repeater students, regular students, treatment
Types and Tactics of Questioning used by a Native-speaker Teacher in Teaching Active and Passive Classes
Authors: Gunawan Emilia
Published: October 2021

The purposes of this study are to find out what are the types of questions and questioning tactics used by native speaker teacher of English in teaching passive and active classes and what are the tactics of questioning used related to each type of questions being used by the native speaker teacher of English in passive and active Speaking 1 classes. The theories are taken from Wragg and Brown (2001). According to Wragg and Brown (2001) there are 3 types of questioning which are conceptual question, empirical question, and value question. Other than that, there are 7 tactics of questioning which are structuring, pitching and putting clearly, directing and distributing, pausing and pacing, prompting and probing, listening to replies and responding, and sequencing (Wrag & Brown, 2001). The findings showed that the teacher of Speaking 1 used the same types of questions which are conceptual and empirical types of questions. Furthermore, tactics of questioning that the teacher used are different in active and passive classes. The teacher mostly used empirical types of questioning for both passive and active classes. In teaching passive class, the teachers mostly asked sequencing of questions as the tactics of questioning. On the other hand, in active class, the teacher mostly asked prompting and probing as the tactics of questioning. Keywords: types of questions, tactics of questioning, native speaker teacher of English
Increasing the Brand Awareness of Sans Power’s Consumers in its Marketing Booklet
Authors: Marselina Claudia
Published: October 2021

This paper aims at overcoming the problem faced by Sans Power by creating a marketing booklet as the solution. Sans Power is a trading company selling solar-energy products, like solar water pumps and solar panels. It offers a variety of solar water pumps based on the function, which are Submersible Solar Pump, Surface Solar Pump, and Solar Pool Pump. The main problem Sans Power is currently facing is the salespeople find it hard to explain to its customers and prospects about the uniqueness of buying Sans Power’s products. Therefore, a marketing booklet emphasizing the uniqueness of the products would be a solution. The marketing booklet will become the tool for the sales and marketing team to offer the unique benefits the customers can get. It will also make customers know more about Sans Power’s products and services, which can attract them increasing the sales. Keywords: promotion, promotional tool, marketing booklet, brand, brand awareness, unique selling point.
Phonetic Errors Produced by Students of Speaking 2 of the English Department of Petra Christian University
Authors: Putra Oscar Jodi
Published: October 2021

This study analyzed phonetic errors found in the students of Speaking 2 of the English Department of Petra Christian University. There were sixteen students taking part in this study. The main theories for this study are from Celce-Murcia, Brinton, & Goodwin (2004) on the production of English consonants and Moeliono and Dardjowidjojo (2003) on the production of Indonesian consonants. The method used was qualitative approach. The researcher had the students read four short passages to find out the kinds of phonetic errors and interviewed them to find out what factors that might affect their pronunciation, which contains phonetic errors. The findings revealed fourteen deviation patterns found from the four target consonants observed, mainly caused by the non-existence of the target sounds in students’ mother tongue. Additionally, the findings also showed that the learners’ attitude towards the language was the most important factor influencing their pronunciation level. Keywords: Phonetic, errors, phonetic errors