bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio preliminar para la propagación in vitro de Cedrus atlantica mediante yemas axilares
Authors: Montes-Salazar Alejandra María , Sepúlveda-Jiménez Gabriela , Evangelista-Lozano Silvia , Rodríguez-Monroy Mario
Published: January 2018

Cedrus atlantica es una planta ornamental utilizada para la decoración de parques y jardines. Con el fin de micropropagar material de calidad de esta planta, se implementó un protocolo de multiplicación in vitro. Para ello, como explantes se usaron las yemas axilares que se desinfestaron con hipoclorito de sodio al 10% por 15 min, tratamiento con lo que se obtuvo un 83% de material aséptico. El cultivo de los explantes se realizó en el medio basal McCown’s Woody Plant (WPM) adicionado con carbón activado (1 g L-1) y cisteína (25 mg L-1), lo que permitió obtener cultivos sin rasgos de oxidación. En la etapa de multiplicación con el uso de la bencil amino purina (5 mg L-1) se obtuvieron hasta 5 brotes por explante, que presentaron un crecimiento de 1.4 cm. Sin embargo, el ácido indol butírico a 2.5 y 5 mg L-1 no indujo la formación de raíces en los brotes in vitro.
Estabilidad del rendimiento de grano en hibridos trilineales androesteriles de maiz para Valles Altos de Mexico
Authors: Canales Islas Enrique Inoscencio , Tadeo Robledo Margarita , Mejía Contreras José Apolinar , García Zavala José de Jesús , Espinosa Calderón Alejandro , Castillo González Fernando , Sierra Macías Mauro , Gómez Montiel Noel
Published: January 2018

En la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FESC- UNAM) y el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP-CEVAMEX), se cuenta con híbridos trilineales de maíz (Zea mays L.), cuyas cruzas simples progenitoras poseen androesterilidad para facilitar la producción de semillas, mantener su calidad genética y para disminuir costos de producción de semilla. Previo a la liberación comercial de los híbridos para su uso extensivo, se requiere identificar los mejores genotipos, con base en rendimiento y estabilidad en diferentes ambientes de prueba. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar h´íbridos trilineales de maíz que presenten estabilidad del rendimiento de grano, utilizando los parámetros de estabilidad de Eberhart y Russell y el modelo de interacción multiplicativo y de efectos principales aditivos (AMMI, por sus siglas en inglés), así como definir el modelo que mejor describa la interacción genotipo por ambiente. Se evaluaron cuatro híbridos trilineales androestériles y fértiles en experimentos establecidos en condiciones de punta de riego, en dos localidades en el ciclo primavera- verano 2012, y en cada una de dos fechas de siembra y dos densidades de población. Se conformaron ocho diferentes ambientes de prueba, combinando localidades x fechas de siembra x densidades de población. El modelo AMMI identificó como estables a los híbridos trilineales H-57 y Puma 1183 AEC2, mientras que el modelo de parámetros de estabilidad identificó a los híbridos H-53, Puma 1183 AEC1, y Puma 1183 AEC2 como estables por sus coeficientes de regresión cercanos a la unidad y desviaciones de regresión próximas a cero. Los niveles de correspondencia entre ambos modelos fueron de 50% para los híbridos. Se concluye que ambos modelos identificaron por lo menos a un híbrido trilineal como estable, pero fue el modelo AMMI el que mejor describió la interacción genotipo por ambiente.
Comportamiento productivo de cinco variedades de alfalfa
Authors: Rojas García Adelaido Rafael , Hernández-Garay Alfonso , Joaquín Cansino Santiago , Maldonado Peralta María de los Ángeles , Mendoza Pedroza Sergio Iban , Álvarez Vázquez Perpetuo , Joaquín Torres Bertín Maurilio
Published: January 2018

La alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) es la leguminosa forrajera más utilizada en la alimentación del ganado productor de leche en los Estados Unidos de América y México. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta productiva de cinco variedades de alfalfa con intervalos de corte definidos estacionalmente. La investigación se realizó de junio de 2010 a junio de 2011 en el Colegio de Postgraduados, México. Las variedades comerciales evaluadas fueron: San Miguelito, Júpiter, Atlixco, Vía láctea y Cuf 101, las cuales se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 20 parcelas experimentales de 12 por 9 m, de acuerdo a un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tasa de crecimiento, radiación interceptada, índice de área foliar y altura de planta. Las variedades Júpiter y Cuf 101 con 56 y 37 kg MS ha-1 d-1 registraron la mayor y menor tasa de crecimiento, respectivamente. La variedad que mayor radiación interceptada registró fue Júpiter con un promedio anual de 85%; de la cual la distribución estacional a través del año fue 95% en primavera, 93% en verano, 82% en otoño y 80% en invierno. En la estación de verano se encontró el mayor índice de área foliar con 5.4, seguido de primavera, otoño e invierno con 4.4, 3.6 y 2.1, respectivamente.

En conclusión existe una relación positiva, en las cinco variedades de alfalfa, entre radiación interceptada, tasa de crecimiento, índice de área foliar y altura de planta.
Estrategias Aplicadas por los Docentes como Gerentes de Aula para el Fortalecimiento de los Aprendizajes
Authors: Jáuregui Contreras Franco Javier
Published: January 2018

La presente investigación se ejecutó dentro del paradigma cuantitativo, bajo la modalidad de proyecto factible, con el objetivo de diseñar estrategias dirigidas a docentes para el fortalecimiento de los aprendizajes en los estudiantes de la unidad educativa Arnoldo Gabaldon, ubicada en Delicias, municipio Rafael Urdaneta del estado Táchira. La metodología utilizada responde a las características de la investigación descriptiva de campo, no experimental. La población del estudio estuvo conformada por 72 docentes. Para obtener la información se aplicó, un instrumento contentivo de 20 ítems, los cuales midieron los factores que inciden la aplicación de estrategias gerenciales para el fortalecimiento de los aprendizajes en los estudiantes. Este instrumento fue validado y se obtuvo un índice de confiabilidad de 0,81. En el análisis de resultados se determinaron las frecuencias simples y absolutas de cada reactivo. Lo cual, dio como resultado una serie de situaciones acontecidas constantemente que permitió llegar a las siguientes conclusiones: las estrategias gerenciales son empleadas medianamente por los docentes, como también en la organización y la planificación, no existe un compromiso en relación a ello, aunque allí se logró detectar que los docentes cumplen medianamente con las actividades planificadas. Además de ello en el caso de la dirección y control se denota como de manera contundente se cumple con ambos procesos, incluso de manera mayoritaria, y ambos se asumen como estrategias gerenciales. Por lo tanto, se recomienda la aplicación de las estrategias.
Siembra de Cultivos Organopónicos como Praxis del Docente Centrado en Estrategias de Aprendizajes Motivacionales
Authors: Caldera Tovar Pedro Jacobo
Published: January 2018

El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación es establecer la siembra de cultivos organopónicos como praxis del docente centrado en estrategia de aprendizaje motivacional dirigido a estudiantes para evitar el ausentismo escolar, además de identificar las causas y consecuencias de esta situación problemática, evidenciada en los registros de control llevados diariamente y se debe atender en virtud del ascenso de inasistencia estudiantil. El docente tutor, el coordinador de nivel, pedagogía social, bienestar estudiantil y representantes deben activar un plan en pro del cumplimiento de las normativas legales vigentes. El ausentismo escolar afecta la calidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes trae como consecuencia el bajo rendimiento escolar, dificultad para comunicarse, debilidades en el trabajo de equipo y conflictos con la comunidad en general. Se busca promover en los estudiantes la participación en los procesos de aprendizaje, asistiendo permanentemente a las actividades escolares.  Las estrategias utilizadas se enmarcaron en un plan de acción que incluye diferentes actividades. La metodología estuvo centrada en la investigación acción, centrados en la Teoría de los intereses constitutivos de saberes de Habermas (1968), con bases legales, aportando reflexiones conclusivas que permiten sensibilizar a la colectividad en general sobre esta debilidad que atenta contra la educación como una oportunidad para aprender ciencias, artes y oficios para la vida.
Formación Permanente de los Docentes como Referente de la Calidad Educativa
Authors: Peña Lozada Johana Carolina
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica pretende hacer una reflexión para caracterizar la Formación Permanente de los Docentes como Referente de la Calidad Educativa, a través de una revisión documental, a fin de realizar una valoración del componente formación permanente bajo el esquema de la calidad educativa, el análisis apunta a consideraciones hechas por distintos autores, en los aspectos más relevantes, se hace  notorio e imperativo la inclusión de políticas, planes y programas de acuerdo a la formación permanente del docente para la consecución de todos los objetivos que persigue la educación en los diferentes espacios que la conforman involucrando la praxis del docente en su accionar con miras a una mejor calidad educativa.
Formación Docente en Técnicas de Superaprendizaje Aplicadas a La Enseñanza de la Matemática en la Educación Secundaria
Authors: Páez Pereira Avilner Rafael
Published: January 2018

El propósito del estudio fue formar al docente del LB “José Véliz” para el proceso de enseñanza de la matemática mediante la aplicación de técnicas de superaprendizaje, fundamentado en la modalidad Investigación Acción Participativa, propuesta por López de Ceballos, (2008), siguiendo el modelo de los ciclos de acción de Lewin (1946), citado por Latorre (2007), sustentado en las teorías del humanismo, Martínez (2009); las inteligencia múltiples, Armstrong (2006); el Superaprendizaje de Sambrano y Stainer, (2003). Enmarcado dentro del paradigma Crítico – Social, en el tipo Investigación Cualitativa se hizo un plan de acercamiento al grupo, donde mediante lluvia de ideas y entrevistas informales se listaron los principales problemas los cuales fueron jerarquizados para luego llevar a cabo un proceso de sensibilización y la formulación de un plan general de acción. Entre los resultados se realizaron 6 talleres de formación sobre técnicas de respiración, relajamiento, aromaterapia, musicoterapia, programación positiva, color en el aula, la canción en los algoritmos matemáticos, en los cuales se establecieron procesos de reflexión acerca de los beneficios u obstáculos obtenidos en la aplicación de éstas en la transformación de la realidad educativa, elaborándose una estrategia didáctica producto de las experiencias alcanzadas.
Programa para padres en el Uso de Internet de sus Hijos
Authors: Gil María Viscencia
Published: January 2018

El estudio se desarrolló con el propósito de elaborar un programa sobre el ejercicio de la Autoridad-Afecto, dirigido a los padres para el establecimiento de normas en el uso del Internet de sus hijos de la Unidad Educativa Departamento Libertador en Barquisimeto Estado Lara. La investigación fue de tipo proyectiva de campo de carácter descriptivo. La población fue de 60 padres encuestados con un cuestionario dicotómico con respuestas de alternativas Sí y No. La validez se efectuó a través de la técnica de juicios de expertos, para la validación del instrumento y la confiabilidad Kuder Richardson su resultado fue 0,8377 (alta confiabilidad). Asimismo, se empleó la estadística descriptiva mediante la técnica porcentual, los valores fueron analizados en función de las respuestas emitidas por los sujetos en estudio. La presentación se realizó a través de cuadros por dimensiones y gráficos de barra. Entre los hallazgos se encontraron: los padres encuestados no manejan la autoridad, ni se comunican de manera operativa con sus hijos, prestándole poca atención a la parte afectiva; también se evidencia falta de ejercicio Autoridad-Afecto como nivel jerárquico para elaborar normas en el uso de Internet de sus hijos. Estos resultados ameritaron diseñar el establecido programa.
Alternativas Didácticas de Lectura para el Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa
Authors: Terán González Carol del Carmen , De Vieras Edith Perdomo , Peña Delgado Yherdyn Jacinto
Published: January 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar las alternativas didácticas de lectura para el fortalecimiento de la calidad educativa utilizadas por los docentes en educación media general. El estudio se apoya en los referentes teóricos que plantean la lectura, las estrategias de enseñanza y aprendizaje y los elementos que constituyen la calidad educativa. La misma está bajo un enfoque metodológico positivista enmarcado en investigación descriptiva de campo, para esta investigación, se trabajó con los docentes del liceo bolivariano “Antonio Nicolás Briceño” ubicado en el municipio Valera, estado Trujillo en el cual la muestra estuvo conformada por 13 docentes de diferentes áreas de aprendizaje. Sus conclusiones sostienen que la lectura constituye una de las intenciones más preciadas para la formación integral de los estudiantes, por ende, es una herramienta básica que ayuda a la consolidación de la comprensión, análisis y síntesis para el desarrollo del pensamiento. A su vez, es importante debido a que en cada área de estudio del currículo escolar es abordada con énfasis para la enseñanza de sus contenidos desde un contexto pedagógico.
Acciones Ambientalistas en la Recolección de Basura Doméstica
Authors: Osorio García Eudis Ramón
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo es producto de un estudio orientado con la finalidad de Realizar Acciones Ambientalistas en la Recolección de Basura Doméstica, dirigidas a los Habitantes del Sector José Gregorio Hernández, parroquia Ciudad Bolivia, municipio Pedraza, estado Barinas. El objetivo general del estudio es Realizar acciones ambientalistas en la recolección de basura doméstica, dirigidas a los habitantes del sector José Gregorio Hernández, parroquia Ciudad Bolivia, municipio Pedraza, estado Barinas. Se enmarca dentro de la naturaleza cualitativa, para ello se utilizó la recolección de los testimonios expuesto por los sujetos de estudio. La investigación de acuerdo a su tipo se fundamentó en una metodología de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), el diseño de esta fue de campo. Así como se consideró como sujetos de estudios a 65 familias, se tomó el método de muestreo no probabilístico intencional y se seleccionaron como muestra veinte (20) familias, de las cuales se tomaron tres (03) jefes de familia en este sentido, la información requerida para esta investigación fue recolectada a través de la técnica de la observación directa y la entrevista. De igual forma se dio el proceso de triangulación. Culminando que a través del desarrollo de acciones ambientalistas en la recolección de la basura doméstica se logra el manejo adecuado de desechos sólidos en el Sector José Gregorio Hernández, como una acción que permitió el mejoramiento sustancial del ambiente y salud de la comunidad y sus habitantes.
Pattern Of Hand Injuries in a Teaching Hospital of a Developing Country
Authors: Shrestha Kishor Man , Pandey A , Shrestha B
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION: Hand injuries are common and are responsible for a significant hospital emergency visit and most of which are seen by non hand specialists. The pattern of the injuries varies from place to place. It is pertinent that those who may come across the patients understand this pattern. MATERIALS & METHODS: A retrospective review of records of patients presenting with hand injuries to the emergency unit and in OPD unit over two year period was carried out highlighting the pattern of the injury.RESULTS: The common cause of hand injury in these patients was fodder cutter machines which is 53 patients (30.6%) followed by industrial machines injury in 36 patients (20.8%), road traffic accidents in 30 patients (17.3%), physical assault  in 19 patients (10.9%), threshing machines in 13 patients (7.5%), fall in 9 patients (5.2%), falling objects in 8 patients (4.6%), door injury  in 2 patients (1.15%) and sports injury  in 1 patient (0.5%). The injury was more common in young adults between 15 to 34 years of age with the mean age of 24.5 years. Most of the injury occurred during work by fodder cutter machine and industrial machines or other causes as road traffic accidents. In the present study, 17.3% cases had injury on Saturday comprising 80.9% of males and 53.1% of cases had fractures with high incidence of injury of the Right hand which was 53.7%. Most of the cases having fractures were of Gustilo II variety (28.2%) and 94.2% of cases were of minor to moderate grades of severity of hand injury on grading by HISS grading.CONCLUSION:  Understanding the pattern of injury can impart positively on the management of hand injuries and for its preventive measures.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, page: 29-32
Utility of Serum Allergy Test In Patients With Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Bhattarai Sabina , Pradhan K , Sharma S , Pant AD
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disorder affecting 15– 20% of the people in the general population. It is a frequent disease which presents with wheals, angiooedema or both and lasts for over six weeks or more. OBJECTIVES: To determine the etiology of IgE specific allergens in the causative of CU in the Nepalese population. MATERIALS & METHODS: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out between November 2014- October 2016 on all patients diagnosed as having CU. Blood samples were taken from all patients and asemiquantitative determination of IgE antibodies against a panel of individual allergens was done and data analyzed and interpreted in terms of numbers and percentages. RESULTS: Three hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study with 56% (175) being female and 44% (139) being male. The age of the patients ranged from 5years to 84 years with a mean of 37.33± 14.39 years. The duration of the disease also ranged from 0.15 to 20 years in which 116(36.9%) patients presented with disease of less than 6 months duration while 163(51.9%) patients had the disease for more than 6 months. Two hundred and seventy nine patients (88.9%)  showed a positive test to the allergens amongst which most were allergic to plants which included weeds and grass.CONCLUSION: In patients with CU whenever possible it is advisable to send the patient for serum allergy test to determine the causative agent, the avoidance of which can help in the management of urticaria in troublesome patients.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, Page: 33-36
Occupational Risk: Needle-Stick Injuries and Its Determinants Among the Healthcare Workers
Authors: Ghimire Madhusudan , Sharma Achala , Poudel Anuj , Ghimire Moushami
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION: Needle-stick injuries are common problems among the healthcare workers; it might impact significantly on workers' health and health care delivery services. Sometimes small pinch of infected needle or sharp instrument may lead to big threat in their life and it may go into mortal outcomes.OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalence of needle-stick injuries and its determinants among the healthcare workers in Banke, Pyuthan and Palpa district of Nepal.MATERIALS & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2015 and that focused on needle-stick injuries and its determinants. Data were collected by using an unstructured pre tested questionnaire from 359 healthcare workers. SPSS-21 windows process was used to analyze the information. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-nine health care workers: Doctors (23.70%), Allied health workers (37.60%), Nurses (31.80%), and Laboratory staffs (7.00%) were involved in the study. The mean age of health workers was 32.75 ± 10.478 years. 37.60% of total healthcare workers had needle stick injuries.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of needle-stick injuries was associated strongly with age of healthcare workers, depression, social problems and alcohol consumer and, practice of sleepJournal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, page : 45-48
The Doctor-Manager Relationship
Authors: Basnet Chhetri Raju
Published: January 2018

Healthcare service in itself is one of the most crucial, most sensitive services in the world. Advancement in healthcare infrastructures, equipment and manpower are rapid day by day. “Healthcare service providers”, the definition is changing from commonly perceived “doctors” to “doctors plus managers”. The healthcare practice has changed all its way from individual practice to communal, organised hospital systems; resources are pooled in a common place; where patients expect for every kind of treatment once they enter the common roof. However, the hospital only can understand the role the doctor and manager play together for quality healthcare services. The two now cannot be separated despite of several disparities that appear between them.There should always be an effort to bridge the gap between them which appears between them despite serving the common goal. Doctor manager collaboration including collaboration of education system shall bring the real bond between them to understand each other, understand system and pace for their common goal.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, page: 49-53
Fracture of Proximal Humerus & Shaft Managed With Closed Reduction & External Fixation by Joshi External Stabilisation System (Jess) – A Case Report
Authors: Kandel Prakriti Raj , Baral Rajiv , Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Singh Gyaneshwar Prasad , Pathak Laxmi
Published: January 2018

We are presenting a case of proximal humerus& shaft fracture in a 50 year old female. She sustained injury on her left upper limb in a road traffic accident. It was managed with closed reduction & external fixation by Joshi External Stabilisation System (JESS). Lacerated wound over her left shoulder & arm region was managed with skin grafting. The post-operative period was uneventful. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, Page: 54-58
The The Solution of the Sorted Waste Collection Using the Methods of Multi-criteria Decision-making
Authors: Hlatka Martina , Stopka Ondrej , Chovancova Maria
Published: January 2018

This paper outlines the alternative option for the collection of sorted municipal waste using the selected methods of multi-criteria decision-making. The introductory parts include general theoretical approaches regarding the waste management. The main chapter of the paper includes obtained outcomes in regard to solve the sorted waste management in the particular area using the specific multi-criteria analysis methods. The proposed solution can help to increase the efficiency of sorted waste collection, and at the same time, reduce the waste management costs in the given area.
Experimental Studies of Different Strength Steels MIG Brazed Joints
Authors: Berczeli Miklós , Weltsch Zoltán
Published: January 2018

Nowadays the stakeholders of vehicle industry are focusing on making materials and technologies for motor-vehicle bodies that satisfy the newest requirements. Reduction of the manufactured vehicle’s dead load - while the important material properties of proper functioning only change in a small degree – is such a requirement. There exist many solutions to satisfy this requirement. One of them is when the materials are in the same group, but the material with higher strength is used with less thickness. Reducing mass should be searched in recent high strength steels. Evidently, to reduce dead load, manufacturers use steels with different strength, depending on the function of the given structural component. The advantages of steels with increased strength is the reduced cost of manufacturing and to make the hybrid material couplings cheaper as well. However, malleability is one of the key issues of manufacturing body components, so common use of basic and increased strength steels is necessary. The connection between the standard (DC) and increased strength (DP) steels design is one way for the binding established by brazing, which has several advantages over welding. In this paper MIG brazing is formed between the DC-DP steel pairs and examine changes in the surface properties and the interfacial layer. The results shows there are differences between the DC and DP side of the joint.
Utilization of antibiotics among physicians in the general outpatient unit of a tertiary health facility in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Jamiu MO , Giwa A , Bello Ik
Published: January 2018

Background: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections caused by suspected or confirmed organism(s). Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing could lead to treatment failure increase cases of toxicity and development of resistant strains of organism.Objective: To assess the pattern of antibiotics prescribing among physician in the General Outpatients Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in Ilorin.Method: The study involved a 6 month retrospective review of prescription sheets in the General Outpatient Department of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) to assess the prescription pattern. A total of 3,552 prescriptions were reviewed. Information on prescribing pattern of physicians and patient demographics were obtained through a date collection form. The data obtained were entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 16 and analyzed using descriptive value. Logistic regression was used in inferential statistic and P values Â 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The prescribing rate of antibiotic was 82.13%. The most widely prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (21.9%), ciprofloxacin (21.2%), metronidazole (17.2%) and Amoxycillin (9.4%). Average number of drugs per prescription was 4.32 ±1.46. There was significant difference in the prescribing duration of antibiotics in female compare to male patient. Female patients had longer duration than their male counterpart.Conclusion: There was high rate of antibiotic prescribing among physicians in the health facility. Rational prescribing in terms of generic prescribing and prescribing from Essential Drug List (EDL) was adequately complied with and the number of prescribed medications per prescription was within the limit.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2017; 28(2) : 64-69
Melkersson rosenthal syndrome-mimicker of Angioedema
Authors: Amin Md Robed , Majumder Sabbiha Nadia
Published: January 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Medicine Jul 2017; 28(2) : 107
Phenotypic and genotypic screening of rice genotypes at reproductive stage for salt tolerance
Authors: Hossen B , Haque MS , Miah K , Tareq MZ
Published: January 2018

Salinity screening of 24 rice genotypes was performed at the reproductive stage for evaluating their salt tolerance level. On the basis of yield and yield components, genotypes were categorized as tolerant, susceptible and moderately tolerant. PBRC-30, Ashfal, Horkuch, STL-20 and Pokkali were found as tolerant while Binadhan-7, S-39 L-11, S-37 L- 27, S-37 L-36 and S-37 L-39 were found as susceptible. Selected three SSR markers viz. RM336, RM21 and RM510 were used to determine salinity tolerance. The genetic diversity was ranges from 0.8194 to 0.8854 with an average of 0.8530. The highest PCI value was 0.8742 and the lowest was 0.8004 from RM510 and RM21, respectively. The UPGMA clustering system generated six genetic clusters. The highest genetically dissimilarity of (Cluster 1) vs (Cluster 2 sub-cluster A) and the crossing would be helpful for salt tolerant rice development. Thus, selected SSR primers and genotypes would be useful in marker assisted breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and gene pyramiding in breeding programmed for improvement of rice for salt tolerance.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 69-80 (2017)
Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum
Authors: Gondal MR , Hussain A , Yasin S , Musa M , Rehman HS
Published: January 2018

An experiment to investigate the effect of seed rate (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 kg ha-1) and row spacing (30, 45 and 60cm) on agronomic characteristics of plants including stem densitym-2, plant height, stem diameter, number of heads m-2, number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was conducted using the cultivar “Sorghum 2011” for two years 2016 and 2017. Seed rates and row spacing had significant effect on plant height, plant density m-2, number of heads m-2, number of grains per head and grain yield. Row spacing had non-significant effect on stem diameter, number of heads per plant and 1000-grain weight. Row spacing at 30 cm produced the highest number of plants m-2 and plant height. Plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. Stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. Narrow row spacing (30 cm) and low seeding rate (5 kg ha-1) produced the maximum grain yield consistently during both years. Lower yields were recorded in the treatments having greater row spacing (60 cm) and higher seed rates (7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15 kg ha-1). Higher seed rates and wider row spacing induced morphological changes rendering plants to lodging.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 81-91 (2017)
On-Farm Demonstrations with a Set of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) Proved Cost-Effective in Reducing Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut
Authors: Parimi Vijayaraju , Kotamraju Vijay , Sudini Hari
Published: January 2018

Aflatoxin contamination in groundnut is an important qualitative issue posing a threat to food safety. In our present study, we have demonstrated the efficacy of certain good agricultural practices (GAPs) in groundnut, such as farmyard manure (5 t/ha), gypsum (500 kg/ha), a protective irrigation at 90 days after sowing (DAS), drying of pods on tarpaulins after harvest in farmers’ fields. During 2013–2015, 89 on-farm demonstrations were conducted advocating GAPs, and compared with farmers’ practices (FP) plots. Farmers’ awareness of GAPs, and knowledge on important aspects of groundnut cultivation, were also assessed during our experimentation in the selected villages under study. Pre-harvest kernel infection by Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin contamination, and pod yields were compared in GAPs plots, vis-à-vis FP plots. The cost of cultivation in both the plots was calculated and compared, based on farmer’s opinion surveys. Results indicate kernel infections and aflatoxins were significantly lower, with 13–58% and 62–94% reduction, respectively, in GAPs plots over FP. Further, a net gain of around $23 per acre was realized through adoption of GAPs by farmers besides quality improvement of groundnuts. Based on our results, it can be concluded that on-farm demonstrations were the best educative tool to convince the farmers about the cost-effectiveness, and adoptability of aflatoxin management technologies.
Polyphenolic Compounds Analysis of Old and New Apple Cultivars and Contribution of Polyphenolic Profile to the In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Kschonsek Josephine , Wolfram Theresa , Stöckl Annette , Böhm Volker
Published: January 2018

Polyphenols are antioxidant ingredients in apples and are related to human health because of their free radical scavenging activities. The polyphenolic profiles of old and new apple cultivars (n = 15) were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). The in vitro antioxidant capacity was determined by total phenolic content (TPC) assay, hydrophilic trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (H-TEAC) assay and hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance (H-ORAC) assay. Twenty polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC analysis. Quercetin glycosides (203 ± 108 mg/100 g) were the main polyphenols in the peel and phenolic acids (10 ± 5 mg/100 g) in the flesh. The calculated relative contribution of single compounds indicated flavonols (peel) and vitamin C (flesh) as the major contributors to the antioxidant capacity, in all cultivars investigated. The polyphenolic content (HPLC data) of the flesh differed significantly between old (29 ± 7 mg/100 g) and new (13 ± 4 mg/100 g) cultivars, and the antioxidant capacity of old apple cultivars was up to 30% stronger compared to new ones.
Prediction of Wind Environment and Indoor/Outdoor Relationships for PM2.5 in Different Building–Tree Grouping Patterns
Authors: Hong Bo , Qin Hongqiao , Lin Borong
Published: January 2018

Airflow behavior and indoor/outdoor PM2.5 dispersion in different building–tree grouping patterns depend significantly on the building–tree layouts and orientation towards the prevailing wind. By using a standard k-ε model and a revised generalized drift flux model, this study evaluated airflow fields and indoor/outdoor relationships for PM2.5 resulting from partly wind-induced natural ventilation in four hypothetical building–tree grouping patterns. Results showed that: (1) Patterns provide a variety of natural ventilation potential that relies on the wind influence, and buildings that deflect wind on the windward facade and separate airflow on the leeward facade have better ventilation potential; (2) Patterns where buildings and trees form a central space and a windward opening side towards the prevailing wind offer the best ventilation conditions; (3) Under the assumption that transported pollution sources are diluted through the inlet, the aerodynamics and deposition effects of trees cause the lower floors of a multi-storey building to be exposed to lower PM2.5 compared with upper floors, and lower indoor PM2.5 values were found close to the tree canopy; (4) Wind pressure differences across each flat showed a poor correlation (R2 = 0.059), with indoor PM2.5 concentrations; and (5) Patterns with the long facade of buildings and trees perpendicular to the prevailing wind have the lowest indoor PM2.5 concentrations.
Investigating Colorimetric Protein Array Assay Schemes for Detection of Recurrence of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gogalic Selma , Sauer Ursula , Doppler Sara , Preininger Claudia
Published: January 2018

A colorimetric microarray for the multiplexed detection of recurrence of bladder cancer including protein markers interleukin-8 (IL8), decorin (DCN), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was established to enable easy and cheap read-out by a simple office scanner paving the way for quick therapy monitoring at doctors’ offices. The chip is based on the principle of a sandwich immunoassay and was optimized prior to multiplexing using IL8 as a model marker. Six different colorimetric assay formats were evaluated using a detection antibody (dAB) labeled with (I) gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), (II) carbon NPs, (III) oxidized carbon NPs, and a biotinylated dAB in combination with (IV) neutravidin–carbon, (V) streptavidin (strp)–gold, and (VI) strp–horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Assay Format (III) worked best for NP-based detection and showed a low background while the enzymatic approach, using 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate, led to the most intense signals with good reproducibility. Both assay formats showed consistent spot morphology as well as detection limits lower than 15 ng/L IL8 and were thus applied for the multiplexed detection of IL8, DCN, and VEGF in synthetic urine. Colorimetric detection in urine (1:3) yields reaction signals and measurement ranges well comparable with detection in the assay buffer, as well as excellent data reproducibility as indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV 5–9%).
A Novel Multivariate Sample Entropy Algorithm for Modeling Time Series Synchronization
Authors: Looney David , Adjei Tricia , Mandic Danilo
Published: January 2018

Approximate and sample entropy (AE and SE) provide robust measures of the deterministic or stochastic content of a time series (regularity), as well as the degree of structural richness (complexity), through operations at multiple data scales. Despite the success of the univariate algorithms, multivariate sample entropy (mSE) algorithms are still in their infancy and have considerable shortcomings. Not only are existing mSE algorithms unable to analyse within- and cross-channel dynamics, they can counter-intuitively interpret increased correlation between variates as decreased regularity. To this end, we first revisit the embedding of multivariate delay vectors (DVs), critical to ensuring physically meaningful and accurate analysis. We next propose a novel mSE algorithm and demonstrate its improved performance over existing work, for synthetic data and for classifying wake and sleep states from real-world physiological data. It is furthermore revealed that, unlike other tools, such as the correlation of phase synchrony, synchronized regularity dynamics are uniquely identified via mSE analysis. In addition, a model for the operation of this novel algorithm in the presence of white Gaussian noise is presented, which, in contrast to the existing algorithms, reveals for the first time that increasing correlation between different variates reduces entropy.
Development of Automotive Permanent Magnet Alternator with Fully Controlled AC/DC Converter
Authors: El-Hasan Tareq
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes the design of a three-phase axial flux permanent magnet alternator (AFPMA) that is characterized with an air-cored stator and two-rotor (ACSTR) configuration. The AFPMA is harnessed with fully controlled AC/DC converter using six bridge Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBTs) capable to deliver a constant DC output power as an attempt to replace the Lundell alternator for automotive applications. First, the design methodology and analysis of the AFPMA is introduced. The most effective parameters, such as rotor diameter, magnet thickness, number of turns, and winding thickness are determined. A smart digital control which facilitates the comparison between the magnitudes of the three-phase input signals instead of finding the zero crossing points is developed. Moreover, custom design comparators are specially designed and developed to generate adaptive signals that are fed into an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Accordingly, the Arduino generates the timely precise pulses that are necessary to maintain the appropriate triggering of the IGBTs. This technique allows the IGBTs to conduct in an adaptive manner to overcome the problem of asymmetrical voltage outputs from the AFPM alternator. The system is also capable of handling the variation in the speed of the AFPMA via the rigor code in Arduino that detects the change in the supply frequency and voltages in a real time process. The system is first analyzed via simulations using MATLAB/Simulink and then experimentally validated at certain speed and loading conditions. The preliminary tests results indicate that such system is capable to provide an efficient solution to satisfy automotive electric power demands.
Design and Performance Evaluation of an Axial Inflow Turbocharger Turbine
Authors: Minasyan Anna , Bradshaw Jordan , Pesyridis Apostolos
Published: January 2018

This paper is focussed on the development of an axial inflow turbocharger turbine as a viable alternative to a baseline radial turbine for certain applications. Additionally a variable geometry turbine (VGT) technology is incorporated into the axial-inflow turbine to additionally benefit both efficiency and performance. The developed turbine was compared to the baseline in terms of engine performance, fuel consumption and emissions. The design and optimisation of the inlet casing, stator and rotor blades for axial inflow turbine were developed through CFD simulation. Then a VGT system was further developed, equipped with pivoting stator blades. Necessary data at various flow conditions were collected for engine modelling to test the engine performance achieved by the integration of the axial turbine, which achieved a maximum 86.2% isentropic efficiency at 102,000 rpm. The paper further focussed on the design and optimization of a volute for axial inflow turbine. Various initial designs were tested using CFD simulations and the chosen configuration was optimised further to improve overall stage efficiency, which reached 81.2%. Engine model simulations demonstrated that engine power and torque are significantly increased through the application of the proposed variable geometry axial turbocharger turbine.
Monitoring Cable Tensile Forces of Winch-Assist Harvester and Forwarder Operations in Steep Terrain
Authors: Holzleitner Franz , Kastner Maximilian , Stampfer Karl , Höller Norbert , Kanzian Christian
Published: January 2018

The objective of this case study was to develop and test a specific survey protocol for monitoring tensile forces for winch-assisted harvesters and forwarders with a mounted or integrated constant-pull capstan winch technology. Based on the designed survey protocol, the interactions between work phases, machine inclination, and tensile forces in typical work conditions were analysed. The established workflow, including equipment and the developed analysis routines, worked appropriately and smoothly. The working load on the cable during the study did not exceed 50% of the maximum breaking strength. A maximum tensile force peak at 56 kN was observed during delays for the forwarder, and a peak of 75.5 kN was observed for the harvester, both of which are still within the safe working load when considering a safety factor of two.
Natural Regeneration Dynamics of Mora paraensis (Ducke) Ducke in Estuarine Floodplain Forests of the Amazon River
Authors: Miranda Zenaide , Guedes Marcelino , Batista Anderson , Silva Diego
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration dynamics of Mora paraensis in floodplain forests in three regions of the eastern Amazon, and specifically, to explore the relationship between the abundance of regenerating trees and canopy openness. Tree height and circumference of all individuals of height >50 cm and diameter at breast height (DBH) <5 cm were measured in 2012, 2013 and 2015. A matrix of transitions was created and the natural regeneration (RR), demographic and dynamic rates were calculated. Hemispherical photos were used to measure canopy openness. There was no difference in the density of regenerating trees between the three study regions (mean = 2.957 ind. ha−1). The abundance of regenerating trees was highest in 2013, when 5614 individuals were inventoried, and as such the RR 2012–2013 was positive in all three regions (mean = 7.9%). Between 2013 and 2015, the RR was negative and above 50% in all regions. Canopy openness had no significant effect on the abundance of regenerating trees. The abundance of regenerating trees of M. paraensis was high in estuarine floodplain forests of the Amazon River, but the regeneration dynamics varied between years with more favourable years alternating with periods of high mortality and negative regeneration.
Growth and Yield Models for Teak Planted as Living Fences in Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Cañadas-L Álvaro , Andrade-Candell Joffre , Domínguez-A Juan , Molina-H Carlos , Schnabel-D Odilón , Vargas-Hernández J. , Wehenkel Christian
Published: January 2018

Teak plantations cover a total area of about 4.35 million ha worldwide. The species is currently being planted in silvopastoral systems in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador. However, there are no growth and yield models for teak grown in silvopastoral systems, especially as living fences, in this region. The aim of the present study was to develop volume and yield models for teak grown as living fences in silvopastoral systems. For teak planted as living fences, the biological rotation age was estimated to vary between 15 and 26 years. The final yield in the silvopastoral system varied from 49 m3 ha−1 at 26 years in the least productive sites to 225 m3 ha−1 at 15 years in the most productive sites in the study area. The mean annual yield for the highest quality site was 15.3 m3 ha−1 year−1 at age 15 years, for a density of 160 trees ha−1. For a base age of 10 years, height-based site indexes of nine to 23 m were established. The growth and yield model obtained may be useful to define the biological (optimal) rotation age and estimate the productivity of teak living fences in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador.
The Global Jet Structure of the Archetypical Quasar 3C 273
Authors: Akiyama Kazunori , Asada Keiichi , Fish Vincent , Nakamura Masanori , Hada Kazuhiro , Nagai Hiroshi , Lonsdale Colin
Published: January 2018

A key question in the formation of the relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is the collimation process of their energetic plasma flow launched from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Recent observations of nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies exhibit a clear picture of parabolic collimation inside the Bondi accretion radius. On the other hand, little is known of the observational properties of jet collimation in more luminous quasars, where the accretion flow may be significantly different due to much higher accretion rates. In this paper, we present preliminary results of multi-frequency observations of the archetypal quasar 3C 273 with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 1.4, 15, and 43 GHz, and Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) at 1.6 GHz. The observations provide a detailed view of the transverse structure resolved on a broad range of spatial scales from sub-parsec to kilo parsecs, allowing us to profile the jet width as a function of the distance from the core for the first time in jets of bright quasars. We discovered a transition from a parabolic stream to a conical stream, which has been seen in much lower-luminosity radio galaxies. The similarity in the profile to the much lower-powered radio galaxy M87 suggests the universality of jet collimation among AGNs with different accretion rates.
Exploring Genomic Variants Related to Residual Feed Intake in Local and Commercial Chickens by Whole Genomic Resequencing
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Ranran , Wang Jie , Zhang Yonghong , Xing Siyuan , Zheng Maiqing , Cui Huanxian , Li Qinghe , Li Peng , Cui Xiaoyan , Li Wei , Zhao Guiping , Wen Jie
Published: January 2018

Improving feed efficiency is a major goal in poultry production to reduce production costs and increase profitability. The genomic variants and possible molecular mechanisms responsible for residual feed intake (RFI) in chickens, however, remain poorly understood. In this study, using both local and commercial breeds, genome re-sequencing of low RFI and high RFI chickens was performed to elucidate the genomic variants underlying RFI. Results showed that 8,505,214 and 8,479,041 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in low and high RFI Beijing-You chickens, respectively; 8,352,008 and 8,372,769 SNPs were detected in low- and high-RFI Cobb chickens, respectively. Through a series of filtering processes, 3746 candidate SNPs assigned to 1137 genes in Beijing-You chickens and 575 candidate SNPs (448 genes) in Cobb chickens were found. The validation of the selected 191 SNPs showed that 46 SNPs were significantly associated with the RFI in an independent population of 779 Cobb chickens, suggesting that the method of screening associated SNPs with whole genome sequencing (WGS) strategy was reasonable. Functions annotation of RFI-related genes indicated that genes in Beijing-You were enriched in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling pathway. In Cobb, however, RFI-related genes were enriched in the feed behavior process and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. For both breeds, organismal development physiological processes were enriched. Correspondingly, NOS1, PHKG1, NEU3 and PIP5K1B were differentially expressed in Beijing-You, while CDC42, CSK, PIK3R3, CAMK4 and PLCB4 were differentially expressed in Cobb, suggesting that these might be key genes that contribute to RFI. The results of the present study identified numerous novel SNPs for RFI, which provide candidate biomarkers for use in the genetic selection for RFI. The study has improved knowledge of the genomic variants and potential biological pathways underlying RFI in chickens.