bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profil Senyawa Alkaloid Dengan Metode Spektroskopi Inframerah (FTIR) Dan Penetapan Kadar Total Alkaloid Dari Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas .L)
Authors: Gamah Gamah , Nastiti Kunti , Aryzki Saftia
Published: August 2024

Latar belakang: Daun jarak pagar (Jatropha Curcas L) salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi khasiat obat. Secara empiris daun jarak pagar (Jatropha Curcas L) digunakan oleh Masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan untuk memperlancar proses persalinan. Salah satu kandungan senyawa yang memiliki khasiat farmakologi pada daun jarak pagar  yaitu alkaloid.
Tujuan:  Mengetahui senyawa alkaloid menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) dan menenutakan kadar alkaloid total ekstrak daun jarak (Jatropha Curcas L).
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi gugus fungsi alkaloid dari hasil FTIR dan analisis kuantitaitf untuk menentukan kadar alkaloid total.
Hasil: Hasil uji pendahuluan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis pada daun jarak pagar (Jatropha Curcas L) positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid. Hasil FTIR menunjukan bahwa terdapat kandungan senyawa alkaloid dengan adanya gugus fungsi yang diperoleh C-H, C=O, C-O, N-H dan C-H aromatis yang merupakan karakteristik senyawa alkaloid dan kadar alkaloid total 5,645% (g/5g).
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun jarak pagar ( Jatropha Curcas L) Menggunakan analisis FTIR menunjukan kandungan senyawa alkaloid dan kadar alkaloid total diperoleh sebesar 5,645% g/5g).
Transcriptomic analysis of the spatiotemporal axis of oogenesis and fertilization in C. elegans
Authors: Su Yangqi , Shea Jonathan , Destephanis Darla , Su Zhengchang
Published: August 2024

Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite presents a unique model to study the formation of oocytes. However, the size of the model animal and difficulties in retrieval of specific stages of the germline have obviated closer systematic studies of this process throughout the years. Here, we present a transcriptomic level analysis into the oogenesis of C. elegans hermaphrodites. We dissected a hermaphrodite gonad into seven sections corresponding to the mitotic distal region, the pachytene region, the diplotene region, the early diakinesis region and the 3 most proximal oocytes, and deeply sequenced the transcriptome of each of them along with that of the fertilized egg using a single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) protocol. We identified specific gene expression events as well as gene splicing events in finer detail along the gonad and provided novel insights into underlying mechanisms of the oogenesis process. Furthermore, through careful review of relevant research literature coupled with patterns observed in our analysis, we delineate transcripts that may serve functions in the interactions between the germline and cells of the somatic gonad. These results expand our knowledge of the transcriptomic space of the C. elegans germline and lay a foundation on which future studies of the germline can be based upon.
Cyclic homodimer formation by singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation of carnosine
Authors: Kawakami Hiroko , Itakura Yuki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Yoshiya Taku
Published: August 2024

Although carnosine (β-Ala-L-His) is one of physiological protectants against in vivo damages caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), its reactivity against singlet oxygen (1O2), an ROS, is still unclear at the molecular level. Theoretically, the reaction consists of two steps: i) oxygenation of the His side chain to form an electrophilic endoperoxide and ii) nucleophilic addition to the endoperoxide. In this study, the end product of 1O2-mediated carnosine oxidation was evaluated using 2D-NMR and other analytical methods both in the presence and absence of external nucleophiles. Interestingly, as the end product without external nucleophile, a cyclic homodimer was confirmed under our particular conditions. The reaction was also replicated in pork specimens.
Identifying the plasma metabolome responsible for mediating immune cell action in severe COVID-19: a Mendelian randomization investigation
Authors: Zhang Yixia , Hua Jie , Chen Liang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The immune response regulates the severity of COVID-19 (sCOVID-19). This study examined the cause-and-effect relationship between immune cell traits (ICTs) and the risk of severe COVID-19. Additionally, we discovered the potential role of plasma metabolome in modulating this risk.

Methods

Employing data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) assessment of 731 genetic ICTs and sCOVID-19 (5,101 cases, 1,383,241 controls) incidence. The MR analysis was utilized to further quantitate the degree of plasma metabolome-mediated regulation of immune traits in sCOVID-19.

Results

The inverse variance weighted method recognized 2 plasma metabolites (PMs) responsible for casual associations between immune cells and sCOVID-19 risk. These included Tridecenedioate (C13:1-DC) which regulated the association between CD27 on IgD- CD38br (OR 0.804, 95% CI 0.699–0.925, p = 0.002) and sCOVID-19 risk (mediated proportion: 18.7%); arginine to citrulline ratio which controlled the relationship of CD39 on monocyte (OR 1.053, 95% CI 1.013–1.094, p = 0.009) with sCOVID-19 risk (mediated proportion: -7.11%). No strong evidence that genetically predicted sCOVID-19 influenced the aforementioned immune traits.

Conclusion

In this study, we have successfully identified a cause-and-effect relationship between certain ICTs, PMs, and the likelihood of contracting severe COVID-19. Our findings can potentially improve the accuracy of COVID-19 prognostic evaluation and provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
Post-stack multi-scale fracture prediction and characterization methods for granite buried hill reservoirs: a case study in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Liu Junping , Zhou Huailai , Liao Luyao , Niu Cong , Li Qiuyu
Published: August 2024

Granite buried hill oil and gas reservoirs are relatively scarce worldwide, and the fine prediction and characterization of their fractures have always been a significant industry challenge. Particularly in the South China Sea region, large and thick granite buried-hill reservoirs are influenced by various geological processes such as weathering and tectonics, resulting in a complex internal fracture system. The seismic reflection characteristics exhibit high steepness, discontinuity, and significant amplitude differences, posing significant difficulties for the fine characterization of fractures. A systematic and comprehensive research approach has not yet been established. Therefore, this study considers the large granite-buried hill A reservoir in the South China Sea as a typical case study and proposes a multi-scale fracture fine prediction and characterization methodology system. The method starts with analyzing the fracture scale and genesis to refine the fracture scales identifiable by conventional seismic data. Based on this, the U-SegNet model and transfer learning are utilized to achieve fine detection of large-scale fractures. Meanwhile, using high-resolution ant tracking technology based on MVMD frequency division and sensitive attribute preferences realizes a fine prediction of medium-to-small-scale fractures. Furthermore, the discrete fracture network is used for fracture deterministic modeling, ranging from geometric morphology to percolation behavior. Ultimately, a post-stack seismic multi-scale fracture prediction and characterization workflow is established. The results indicate that the buried hill in the study area exhibits a high degree of fracture development with evident multi-scale characteristics. Among them, large-scale fractures have a relatively low development density, primarily oriented in the NW and NE directions; medium-to-small-scale fractures exhibit high-density and omnidirectional development. The development of fractures significantly improves the storage space and fluid flow capacity of the buried hill. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method notably enhances the accuracy of characterizing the degree of fracture development, spatial morphology, and percolation behavior in the buried hill reservoir, providing a scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and development.
ICT self-efficacy, self-efficacy for teamwork, and collegial collaborations: an exploratory study of elementary school teachers’ ICT uses in inquiry-based learning in Japan
Authors: Yonezawa Takashi , Nakai Yuka
Published: August 2024

Inquiry-based learning, an educational approach that is gaining international recognition, emphasizes active engagement and deeper understanding. Despite its benefits, integrating information and communication technology (ICT) into inquiry-based learning remains a challenge, often hindered by factors such as teachers’ confidence in ICT use and organizational support. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the utilization of ICT in inquiry-based learning and various factors including ICT self-efficacy, lack of ICT resources at school, teachers’ collaboration in using ICT, and self-efficacy for teamwork. A web questionnaire was administered to 324 full-time elementary school teachers in Japan, assessing their perceptions of ICT use in inquiry-based learning, ICT self-efficacy, collaboration, teamwork self-efficacy, and school ICT resources. Statistical analyses, including exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression, were employed to examine the relationships between variables. The findings revealed significant positive associations between ICT use in inquiry-based learning and ICT self-efficacy for instructional purposes, teachers’ collaboration in using ICT, and self-efficacy for teamwork. However, the relationship with the lack of ICT resources at school was not statistically significant. These results underscore the importance of fostering teachers’ self-efficacy and promoting collaborative practices to enhance ICT use in inquiry-based learning. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for ongoing support and resources to facilitate the effective utilization of ICT in educational settings.
In situ occurrence and conservation of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima ((L.) Arcangeli) in Italy
Authors: Zucchini Cecilia , Raggi Lorenzo , Grassi Anna , Spataro Giorgia , Gigante Daniela , Negri Valeria
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) have great socioeconomic importance for humans harbouring a broad spectrum of diversity and being important elements of different habitats. Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima ((L.) Arcangeli), also known as sea beet, is an important CWR of cultivated beets (GP-1). The high adaptability of this taxon to different environmental conditions, as well as its tolerance/resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses, makes it a vital source for sugar beet improvement. Aim of this work was to analyse the in situ and ex situ status of sea beet population conservation in Italy, so as to guide protection activities and new collecting missions.

Methods

Geographical distribution data of populations were that occur in the wild and conserved in genebanks were assembled from different databases and submitted to data quality control. Distribution, habitat characterization, land cover and use of the involved sites were then evaluated to provide insight into the current condition of areas hosting this CWR diversity. The presence of populations within vs. outside Italian protected areas was also evaluated. A density analysis of the records was performed and the adequateness of sea beet ex situ conservation, in terms of number of conserved accessions, was finally estimated.

Results

A collection of 138 B. vulgaris subsp. maritima high quality georeferenced records were obtained, mainly distributed into Mediterranean Biogeographic Region. About 22% of the considered populations occurs in protected sites of the Natura 2000 Network, while about 15% in areas recorded in the Official list of protected natural areas (EUAP). Occurrences within protected areas are founded primarily in natural environments, whereas those outside are mainly located in urban and cultivated areas. The comparison of distribution and density analysis results revealed the presence of several gaps between sites hosting in situ populations and sites where ex situ conserved accessions were originally collected.

Discussion

Here presented data indicates that the protection status for sea beet in Italy can be considered only partially adequate; more proactive protection measures should be foreseen to increase the role of protected areas in safeguarding in situ conservation. “Out of reserve management” for populations outside protected areas should also be developed, as well as new collecting missions carried out.
Marker-trait association analysis for easy fruit destemming and mechanical harvestability traits in New Mexican chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Khokhar Ehtisham S. , Lozada Dennis Nicuh , Ali Mohsin , Khan Muhammad Ibrar , Nourbakhsh Seyed Shahabeddin , Walker Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) mechanization is a promising alternative to traditional hand harvesting due to the costs associated with manual harvest, as well as the increasing unavailability of skilled manual chile harvesters. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with mechanical harvestability (MH) and yield-related traits using multi-locus genome-wide association mapping approaches in a C. annuum association mapping population.

Methods

A C. annuum association mapping panel for mechanical harvest was manually direct seeded in an augmented block design in two locations. After filtration, imputation, and quality control 27,291 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used for association analyses. Six multi-locus GWAS models were implemented to identify marker trait association.

Results and Discussion

Multi-locus GWAS models identified 12 major SNP markers (R2 > 10) across nine chromosomes associated with plant architecture, easy destemming traits, and yield parameters. The presence of a major QTL in chromosome P2, dstem2.1, identified recently to be associated with destemming force, was confirmed. Mature green and mature red yield shared three SNP markers mapped on chromosome P3, P5, and P6 explaining 11.94% to 25.15% of the phenotypic variation. Candidate gene analysis for the significant loci identified 19 candidate genes regulating different phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, metabolic processes, transcription, methylation, DNA repair/replication, and RNA splicing, with potential roles in controlling plant architecture and morphology. The diverse positions of the associated SNPs suggest the complex nature of these quantitative traits, involvement of multiple genetic factors, and novel significant marker-trait associations. Results from this study will be relevant for genetic improvement of mechanical harvestability traits in New Mexican chile pepper using molecular markerassisted breeding and selection.
Effects of ocean acidification and nitrogen limitation on the growth and photophysiological performances of marine macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis
Authors: Yang Yuling , Li Wei , Li Yahe , Xu Nianjun
Published: August 2024

To investigate the effects of ocean acidification (OA) and nitrogen limitation on macroalgae growth and photophysiological responses, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis was cultured under two main conditions: ambient (Low CO2, LC, 390 μatm) and CO2 enriched (High CO2, HC, 1000 μatm), with low (LN, 7 μmol L-1) and high (HN, 56 μmol L-1) nitrate. High CO2 levels decreased growth under both LN and HN treatments. HC reduced Chl a, carotenoids, phycoerythrin (PE), and phycocyanin (PC) under HN conditions, while only Chl a decreased under LN conditions. NO3- uptake rate was restricted under LN compared to HN, while HC enhanced it under HN. Net photosynthetic O2 evolution rates did not differ between CO2 and nitrate treatments. Dark respiration rates were higher under HN, further boosted by HC. The stimulated effective quantum yield (Y(II)) corresponded to decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under HN conditions. Nitrate, not CO2, showed significant effects on the relative electron transport rate (rETRmax), light use efficiency (α) and saturation light intensity (Ik) that with lowered rETRmax and α under LN culture. Our results indicate that OA may negatively affect Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis growth and alter its photophysiological performance under different nutrient conditions.
Room temperature magnetoelectric magnetic spirals by design
Authors: Romaguera Arnau , Medarde Marisa
Published: August 2024

Frustrated magnets with ordered magnetic spiral phases that spontaneously break inversion symmetry have received significant attention from both fundamental and applied sciences communities due to the experimental demonstration that some of these materials can couple to the lattice and induce electric polarization. In these materials, the common origin of the electric and magnetic orders guarantees substantial coupling between them, which is highly desirable for applications. However, their low-magnetic ordering temperatures (typically < 100 K) greatly restrict their fields of application. Recently, investigations on Cu/Fe-based layered perovskites uncovered an unexpected knob to control the stability range of a magnetic spiral-chemical disorder-, which has been successfully employed to stabilize magnetic spiral phases at temperatures as high as 400 K. These unexpected observations, which are hard to conciliate with traditional magnetic frustration mechanisms, were recently rationalized in terms of an original, local frustration model that explicitly accounts for the presence of disorder. In this mini-review, we summarize the main experimental observations on Cu/Fe layered perovskites, which show excellent agreement with the predictions of this novel magnetic frustration mechanism. We also present different strategies aimed at exploiting these experimental and theoretical developments for the design of materials featuring magnetoelectric spirals stable up to temperatures high enough for daily-life applications.
Advancing stroke diagnosis and management through nuclear medicine: a systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Azhari Hala F.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Despite advancements in stroke care, challenges persist in timely triage and treatment initiation to prevent the burden of stroke-related disabilities. Although nuclear medicine has shown promise, no imaging technique has yet provided a sufficiently rapid, precise, and cost-effective approach to routine stroke management. This study aims to review the clinical application of nuclear medicine in stroke diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A systematic search of the Cochrane, EU Clinical Trials Register, ISRCTN, the International Stroke Trial, and the ClinicalTrials.gov database was conducted to find all registered trials reporting nuclear medicine’s clinical applications in stroke up to June 07, 2024.

Results

Among the 220 screened trials, 51 (36 interventional; 15 observational) met the eligibility criteria. Participants were older than 18 years old, with only six studies including pediatric under 17 years old, with a total of 11,262 stroke (9,232 ischemic; 2,030 haemorrhagic) participants. The bias risk varied across trials but remained mostly low to moderate.

Discussion

The review highlighted nuclear medicine’s significant contributions to stroke diagnosis and management, notably through mobile stroke units, pre-hospital acute stroke magnetic resonance image (MRI) based biomarkers, and MRI-based stroke mechanisms for 4D flow nuclear imaging. These advancements have generally reduced treatment delays and enhance clinical outcomes post-stroke. Specifically, radiopharmaceutical radiotracers can effectively discriminate between strokes and mimics, particularly in high-risk patients. Integrating novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer 18F glycoprotein 1 and radionuclide angiography may improve sensitivity and specificity in thrombi detection for decisions regarding stenting or carotid endarterectomy, and the single-photon emission computed tomography and PET integration with ferumoxytol radiotracer-enhanced MRI enables functional imaging for evaluating cerebral perfusion, metabolic activity, and neuroinflammatory markers post-stroke. Overall, the integration of nuclear medicine into multimodal imaging equipment like computed-tomography PET and MRI-PET offers a more comprehensive picture of the brain. Nevertheless, further research is needed on novel stroke imaging techniques and standardization across stroke centers for optimal performance.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024541680, identifier PROSPERO CRD(42024541680).
Development of a comprehensive risk prediction model for arterial stiffness assessment in individuals with obesity
Authors: Pescari Denisa , Borlea Andreea , Mihuta Simina , Stoian Dana
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Obesity in adults is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events and is associated with a decline in arterial elasticity. This study aims to evaluate the utility of pulse wave analysis (PWA) parameters in routine clinical practice for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events by developing a prediction model for arterial stiffness among obese and overweight individuals.

Methods

The study enrolled 84 adult patients, aged 18 to 85 years, with varying degrees of weight status, including optimal weight, overweight, and obesity. The lifestyle habits, the personal and family history of cardiometabolic diseases, as well the clinical evaluation that included BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), WC (waist circumferance) were performed. PWA evaluation was conducted using the Mobil-O-Graph device, assessing the following parameters: pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), heart rate (HR), central pulse pressure (cPP), peripheral and central blood pressure (SBP, DBP, cSBP, cDBP). Body composition analysis was performed using the TANITA BC-418 body analyzer. Laboratory results from the past 3 months were also collected during initial nutritional consultations for each patient.

Results

Family history of cardiovascular events showed positive correlations with all PWA parameters, while diabetes history only with PWV and family history of obesity with PWV, DBP, and cSBP. Insufficient sleep duration showed positive associations with all arterial stiffness parameters except cDBP. Smoking status correlated with significantly elevated PWV and Aix values, while insufficient physical activity was associated solely with PWV. Positive correlations were showed between current weight and PWV, while WC demonstrated positive associations with PWV, SBP, and cSBP. Body composition analysis revealed significant associations between trunk adipose tissue mass (%) and PWV, SBP, and cSBP. Hydration status (%) emerged as an independent predictor for PWV, exhibiting an inverse relationship. HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) showed a strong positive correlation with PWV. Negative associations were observed with HDL-c and vitamin D. Threshold values for age, cDBP and Cardiac Index providing positive diagnostic for vascular impairment.

Conclusion

The assessment of arterial stiffness can be considered a reliable approach to prevent obesity-related cardiovascular events and facilitate the comprehensive management of such pathologies.
Cerebrospinal fluid characteristics of patients presenting for evaluation of pediatric acute-neuropsychiatric syndrome
Authors: Pooni Rajdeep , Zheng Wynne , Ma Meiqian , Silverman Melissa , Xie Yuhuan , Farhadian Bahare , Thienemann Margo , Mellins Elizabeth , Frankovich Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study characterizes cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) indices including total protein, the albumin quotient, IgG index and oligoclonal bands in patients followed at a single center for pediatric acute-neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and other psychiatric/behavioral deteriorations.

Methods

In a retrospective chart review of 471 consecutive subjects evaluated for PANS at a single center, navigational keyword search of the electronic medical record was used to identify patients who underwent lumbar puncture (LP) as part of the evaluation of a severe or atypical psychiatric deterioration. Psychiatric symptom data was ascertained from parent questionnaires and clinical psychiatric evaluations. Inclusion criteria required that subjects presented with psychiatric deterioration at the time of first clinical visit and had a lumbar puncture completed as part of their evaluation. Subjects were categorized into three subgroups based on diagnosis: PANS (acute-onset of severe obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or eating restriction plus two other neuropsychiatric symptoms), autoimmune encephalitis (AE), and “other neuropsychiatric deterioration” (subacute onset of severe OCD, eating restriction, behavioral regression, psychosis, etc; not meeting criteria for PANS or AE).

Results

71/471 (15.0 %) of patients underwent LP. At least one CSF abnormality was seen in 29% of patients with PANS, 45% of patients with “other neuropsychiatric deterioration”, and 40% of patients who met criteria for autoimmune encephalitis. The most common findings included elevated CSF protein and/or albumin quotient. Elevated IgG index and IgG oligoclonal bands were rare in all three groups.

Conclusion

Elevation of CSF protein and albumin quotient were found in pediatric patients undergoing LP for evaluation of severe psychiatric deteriorations (PANS, AE, and other neuropsychiatric deteriorations). Further studies are warranted to investigate blood brain barrier integrity at the onset of the neuropsychiatric deterioration and explore inflammatory mechanisms.
Prenatal opioid exposure significantly impacts placental protein kinase C (PKC) and drug transporters, leading to drug resistance and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Radhakrishna Uppala , Radhakrishnan Rupa , Uppala Lavanya V. , Muvvala Srinivas B. , Prajapati Jignesh , Rawal Rakesh M. , Bahado-Singh Ray O. , Sadhasivam Senthilkumar
Published: August 2024

Background

Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) is a consequence of in-utero exposure to prenatal maternal opioids, resulting in the manifestation of symptoms like irritability, feeding problems, tremors, and withdrawal signs. Opioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy can profoundly impact both mother and fetus, disrupting fetal brain neurotransmission and potentially leading to long-term neurological, behavioral, and vision issues, and increased infant mortality. Drug resistance complicates OUD and NOWS treatment, with protein kinase regulation of drug transporters not fully understood.

Methods

DNA methylation levels of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters, along with protein kinase C (PKC) genes, were assessed in 96 placental samples using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array (850K). Samples were collected from three distinct groups: 32 mothers with infants prenatally exposed to opioids who needed pharmacological intervention for NOWS, 32 mothers with prenatally opioid-exposed infants who did not necessitate NOWS treatment, and 32 mothers who were not exposed to opioids during pregnancy.

Results

We identified 69 significantly differentially methylated SLCs, with 24 hypermethylated and 34 hypomethylated, and 11 exhibiting both types of methylation changes including SLC13A3, SLC15A2, SLC16A11, SLC16A3, SLC19A2, and SLC26A1. We identified methylation changes in 11 ABC drug transporters (ABCA1, ABCA12, ABCA2, ABCB10, ABCB5, ABCC12, ABCC2, ABCC9, ABCE1, ABCC7, ABCB3): 3 showed hypermethylation, 3 hypomethylation, and 5 exhibited both. Additionally, 7 PKC family genes (PRKCQ, PRKAA1, PRKCA, PRKCB, PRKCH, PRKCI, and PRKCZ) showed methylation changes. These genes are associated with 13 pathways involved in NOWS, including ABC transporters, bile secretion, pancreatic secretion, insulin resistance, glutamatergic synapse, and gastric acid secretion.

Conclusion

We report epigenetic changes in PKC-related regulation of drug transporters, which could improve our understanding of clinical outcomes like drug resistance, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and drug toxicity, leading to maternal relapse and severe NOWS. Novel drugs targeting PKC pathways and transporters may improve treatment outcomes for OUD in pregnancy and NOWS.
Bioelectrical impedance phase angle and the mortality in critically ill children
Authors: Yang Jiongxian , Zhang Jie , Liu Jun , Liu Gang , Qian Suyun
Published: August 2024

Background

Phase angle (PhA) is a variable obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It is highly sensitive and specific and is commonly used in clinical nutrition assessment. Recently, PhA has shown promise in predicting clinical outcomes, especially as a new indicator of mortality, but its use in pediatric research is limited. This study aims to investigate the association between PhA measured at admission using BIA and PICU length of stay (LOS) and 60-day mortality in critically ill children and adolescents.

Methods

A consecutive series of pediatric patients in the PICU underwent BIA measurements within 72 h of admission. All patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient demographics, anthropometric measurements, pediatric index of mortality 2 score (PIM-2), and laboratory exams were recorded. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curves were constructed based on the critical PhA value to assess differences in survival status within the 60-day window. Multivariate cox regression model was employed to illustrate the relationship between PhA and 60-day mortality rates. The Youden’s index method was used to identify the critical cut-off value for PhA in relation to mortality rates. ROC curves provided the area under the curve (AUC) and a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 205 pediatric patients (118 boys) were included, with a mean age of 9.2 years (±6.0). Survival curves indicated a cutoff value of 3.1°, with higher survival in patients with PhA ≥3.1° compared to those with PhA <3.1° (F = 10.51, p < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.70, with a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.72. Total hospital LOS was longer in the PhA <3.1° group compared to the PhA ≥3.1° group (p = 0.000). The PhA <3.1° group had a longer PICU LOS (adjusted for age and sex, HR 1.871, p = 0.000, log-rank test, p = 0.000). PhA and PIM-2 were two independently significant correlated variables (p < 0.05) for the 60-day mortality rate in this study.

Conclusion

Low PhA in patients is associated with longer PICU LOS and an increased risk of PICU patient mortality. PhA not only serves as an indicator for monitoring pediatric nutrition but also as a prognostic indicator for PICU patients.
Individuals’ perceptions of the factors linked to everyday soft drink consumption among university students: qualitative study
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed Mahmoud , Aljohani Shemaa Adel , Alnazzawi Yara Ahmad , Alharbi Nuorah Awadh , Alotaibi Shihanah Eid , Alhujaili Ahmed Saad , Alwadi Maram Ali M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Soft drink consumption is continuing to grow worldwide, posing an increasing threat to people’s health and general wellbeing. Consequently, we must understand the factors driving soft drink consumption to support improvements to nutrition. This paper adopts a qualitative research approach to explore individuals’ perceptions of the factors linked to daily soft drink consumption among university students in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

This research employed purposive sampling to recruit a total of 19 students attending university in Al Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia, all of whom reported that they had previously consumed soft drinks. Over 3 months, data was gathered through a mixture of online and in-person semi-structured interviews. Once completed, the interviews were then transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to identify the themes that emerged from the data.

Results

This study reveals five core themes: taste, habit, price, environment and social context, and health concerns. Regarding health concerns, this study finds that the public’s increasing concerns about health can reduce people’s consumption of soft drinks. Significantly, this research reveals that the rise in health concerns among the public is being driven by the growing conversation about healthy food and the negative impact of consuming sugary soft drinks occurring in wider society.

Conclusion

To conclude, this research underlines the value of adopting a holistic approach to promoting healthier drink choices (and thus reducing soft drink consumption). Interventions that focus on factors associated with soft drink consumption, such as habits, price, environment, social settings, health concerns, and taste, will be better able to decrease soft drink consumption and improve people’s nutritional intake.
Peanut hulls, an underutilized nutritious culinary ingredient: valorizing food waste for global food, health, and farm economies—a narrative review
Authors: Gerber Suzannah , Roberts Susan B.
Published: August 2024

Peanut hulls (PHs) are an edible food waste that is an underutilized food source for human consumption. While edible and palatable, currently they are mainly diverted to livestock feed or building materials. Here, we describe existing literature supporting human food valorization of PHs, and propose methods to optimize recapturing nutrients (protein, fiber, phenols and other phytonutrients) lost by treating PHs as waste. Incorporated into common foods, PHs could be processed into functional ingredients to improve nutrient-density with anticipated corresponding positive health outcomes associated with increases in plant foods. Valorization of PHs addresses multiple priorities of the UN Sustainable Development Goals using a Food Systems Approach (FSA) including reducing food waste, increasing economic opportunities for farmers, and increasing the availability of healthy shelf-stable foodstuffs to address food security. Recent advances in sustainable food processing technologies can be utilized to safely incorporate PHs into human food streams. We propose future applications that could make meaningful impacts for food availability and the nutritional composition of common foods like bread and plant-based meat alternatives. While the limited literature on this topic spans several decades, no commercial operations currently exist to process PHs for human consumption, and most literature on the topic precedes the technological “green revolution.” The approaches outlined in this review may help bolster commercialization of this underutilized and nutritious food potentially improving opportunities for multiple global stakeholders.
The burden of systemic therapy administration route in treating HER2-positive breast cancer (for patients, healthcare professionals, and healthcare system): a systematic literature review
Authors: Landeiro Luciana Castro Garcia , Martins Tamie de Camargo , Grigolon Ruth Bartelli , Monteiro Isabel , Balardin Joana Bisol , Padilha Eduardo , Amorim Gilberto , Stefani Stephen
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer and is the first cause of death from malignant tumors among women worldwide. New cancer therapies receive regulatory approval yearly and to avoid health disparities in society, the health systems are challenged to adapt their infrastructure, methodologies, and reimbursement policies to allow broad access to these treatments. In addition, listening to patients’ voices about their therapy preferences is essential. We aim to investigate the administration route preferences [subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV)] among patients diagnosed with HER2 positive BC and healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to investigate healthcare resources utilization (quality and quantity) for each route of administration (SC or IV) for treating those patients.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review focused on clinical trials and observational and economic studies, using PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) databases based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.

Results

The literature review included 25 studies in the analysis. Studies have reported that patients and HCPs prefer the SC route of administration to IV because it saves time in terms of chair time, administration, and preparation and is less painful. In addition, SC administration might be a more cost-saving option when analyzing direct and indirect costs.

Discussion

As BC stands as a significant global health concern and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide, understanding and incorporating patient and HCPs preferences in the choice of administration route become paramount. The observed preference for SC administration not only aligns with the imperative of adapting health systems to facilitate broad access to new cancer therapies but also underscores the importance of considering patient experiences and economic implications in shaping treatment strategies. These insights are crucial for healthcare policymakers, clinicians, and stakeholders in optimizing healthcare resources and enhancing the overall quality of BC care.
Case report: outcome of anlotinib treatment in breast cancer patient with brain metastases
Authors: Zhang Qiongwen , Yan Xi , Tian Ting-Lun , Wu Xin
Published: August 2024

Brain metastases (BM) represent a common and severe complication of breast cancer (BC), emerging in approximately 10%–16% of all BC patients. The prevalent approach for treating BC patients with BM encompasses a multimodal strategy, combining surgery, whole brain radiation therapy, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Yet, a concrete guideline for localized treatment strategies remains elusive, while systemic treatments like small-molecule-targeted therapy and immunotherapy are still in the clinical trial phase. This case study presents a significant clinical response to anlotinib treatment in a patient with estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, complicated by BM. After the standard first-line treatment including albumin-bound paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, and a second-line treatment involving pyrotinib, capecitabine, and radiotherapy did not produce the desired results, the patient was then administered anlotinib in combination with pyrotinib and letrozole as a third-line treatment, which led to a partial response (PR). The findings suggest that anti-angiogenic therapy, specifically anlotinib, could be regarded as a promising therapeutic option for BC patients with BM.
The pleiotropic functions of GOLDEN2-LIKE transcription factors in plants
Authors: Zheng Mengyi , Wang Xinyu , Luo Jie , Ma Bojun , Li Dayong , Chen Xifeng
Published: August 2024

The regulation of gene expression is crucial for biological plant growth and development, with transcription factors (TFs) serving as key switches in this regulatory mechanism. GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) TFs are a class of functionally partially redundant nuclear TFs belonging to the GARP superfamily of MYB TFs that play a key role in regulating genes related to photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of the pleiotropic roles of GLKs in plants. In addition to their primary functions of controlling chloroplast biogenesis and function maintenance, GLKs have been proven to regulate the photomorphogenesis of seedlings, metabolite synthesis, flowering time, leaf senescence, and response to biotic and abiotic stress, ultimately contributing to crop yield. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of GLKs and serve as a reference for future theoretical and applied studies of GLKs.
Association of duration of treatment on post-discharge mortality in forensic psychiatric patients in Finland
Authors: Ojansuu Ilkka , Forsman Jonas , Kautiainen Hannu , Seppänen Allan , Tiihonen Jari , Lähteenvuo Markku
Published: August 2024

Background

Longer treatment time has been shown to be associated with lower crime recidivism among forensic psychiatric patients, but it is not known if this applies also to mortality. In this study, we aim to research whether treatment time is associated with risk of post-discharge mortality in Finnish forensic psychiatric patients.

Materials and methods

The study population consisted of 989 patients committed to compulsory forensic psychiatric hospital treatment in Finland from 1980 to 2009 who were released from care by the end of 2018. Each patient included in the cohort was linked with the Statistics Finland register, which includes all data on dates and causes of deaths in Finland. Crude cumulative rate of mortality were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method and compared using logrank-test. Adjusted cumulative rate analyzed using Cox regression model. A possible nonlinear relationship between the treatment time and the hazard of death was assessed by using 3-knot-restricted cubic spline regression. Adjusted models included age, sex, and SUD (substance use disorder) as covariates.

Results

The mean duration of care was 7.1 (SD 6) years. The duration of treatment variable was divided into tertiles of treatment duration less than 3.5 years, 3.5–7.9 years and equal or more than 8 years. The risk of mortality was highest in the first tertile, and lowest in the last tertile. The risk of mortality was higher for patients suffering from SUD, for patients of male sex and for those released at younger age.

Conclusions

Longer treatment time is associated with reduced post-discharge mortality in forensic psychiatric patients in Finland. Especially males and individuals with SUD are at higher mortality risk after release, but longer treatment duration may mitigate these risks. Longer periods of hospitalization have to be, however, viewed against the backdrop of institutionalization and loss of self-determination.
“Dem sey mi mad”: a scoping review of the attitudes and beliefs of English-speaking Afro-Caribbeans about psychosis
Authors: Knight Sommer , Yang Xin Qiang , Jarvis G. Eric
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The mental health disparities suffered by the English-speaking Afro-Caribbean diaspora living with psychosis in North America and the United Kingdom have been well described for decades, but the root causes of these disparities remain poorly understood. Part of the problem may be that the attitudes and beliefs of Caribbean communities regarding psychosis have never been systematically assessed. Such an inquiry could lay the foundation for changes to how psychiatric services for psychosis are implemented with migrant Caribbean communities. The ideal would be a re-design of services, or cultural adaptation of care, based on input from community members, patients, and their families, with the hope that disparities of care would be reduced or eliminated as clinicians co-create interventions that are more appropriate and acceptable to Caribbean people. To lay the groundwork of such an important endeavor, we investigated the shared attitudes, beliefs, experiences, practices, and traditions of English-speaking Afro-Caribbean people in relation to psychosis and psychiatric care.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review by searching Medline, PsychINFO and Scopus, reviewing 764 articles, and selecting 220 for thematic content analysis.

Results

We highlighted the heterogeneity in the Caribbean diaspora living in North America and the UK. Five principal themes emerged: (1) The enduring effects of colonialism on the psychiatric care of Afro-Caribbean migrants; (2) The effects of adaptation to migration on the experience of psychosis; (3) Pervasive cultural mistrust of psychiatry and mental health institutions; (4) A collective approach to life; and (5) The role of religion and spirituality in the understanding of psychosis.

Conclusion

Historical, sociocultural, and geopolitical themes characterize the English Afro-Caribbean experience of psychosis and inform culturally adapted clinical interventions for patients with psychosis and their families. Careful attention to these adaptations will reduce clinical bias and misdiagnosis, optimize adherence to treatment, engage patients and families in recovery, and ultimately, reduce treatment disparities while empowering Afro-Caribbean people and their communities. By bringing forward the themes in this chapter, individual clinicians will be given tools to change how they work with Caribbean people with psychosis in addition to laying the foundation for higher order changes in the mental health professions and society as a whole.
What are the home care needs of Chinese healthcare workers: a latent class analysis
Authors: Zhou Luling , Liu Suzhen , Li Hang
Published: August 2024

Background

The aging population has led to a surge in demand for home care, which has developed rapidly in China in recent years. However, there has been less empirical research into the needs of healthcare workers about providing home care. The purpose of this study was to explore the latent classes of healthcare workers' needs in primary health care institutions and to identify associated factors.

Methods

From August 2021 to June 2022, a convenience sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey on the workers of 62 primary healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province. Latent class analysis was used to categorize home care needs by Mplus 8.3. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was adopted to explore the influencing factors using SPSS 25.0.

Results

A total of 1,152 healthcare workers were included in the study. Their needs for home care were classified into four latent classes: overall high need group (18.0%); overall low need group (34.8%); high training and low support need group (29.9%), and the high security and low training need group (17.3%). The factors influencing the different need categories included working area, professional title, role of medical workers, had participated in training about home care, and feelings about home care, with Class 1 as the reference group.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that primary healthcare workers have multifaceted needs for providing home care. Paying attention to their diverse needs can help optimize home care and enhance service capacity. Exploring the factors affecting needs can provide targeted support to healthcare workers to ensure the quality and continuity of home care services.