Fat-soluble vitamins, their significance in metabolic processes, growth and development of different age children
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Mochulska O.M. , Chornomydz I.B. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Yarema N.I. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Gavryliuk N.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Palasiuk B.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Nazaruk V.L. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Rohalska Ya.V. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Davybida N.O. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Vitamins are low-molecular compounds with characteristic high biological activity of various chemical nature, which have a very diverse composition, structure, and physicochemical properties. Unlike macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates), vitamins are micronutrients, they have high biological activity, although they are not a source of energy or plastic material. Aim - to increase awareness of the biological and clinical effects of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, F, K and their importance in metabolic processes, growth and development of children. According to vitamins physical and chemical properties, there are classify into fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins are related: A, D, E, F, K. Fat-soluble vitamins have the property of specific biological catalysts (coenzymes) and regulators of various metabolic processes and functions in the child's body, balanced work of all its organs and systems. Fat-soluble vitamins regulate and affect cellular metabolism, stimulate the activity of antioxidant protection systems and ensure the normalization of redox processes, increase the body's resistance to adverse external factors. Vitamins A, D, E, F, K are very important for growth and development, maintaining the health of children and teenagers. Fat-soluble vitamins are necessary to ensure hematopoiesis, regulation of functions of the skin, mucous membranes, sense organs, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular systems, gastrointestinal tract. Conclusions. Vitamins A, D, E, F, K are exogenous essential nutritional factors that must be constantly supplied with food in accordance with physiological needs of children. All the vital processes take place in the child's body with the direct participation of fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins activate various biological reactions, act as bioregulators of various functions in tissues, organs and systems, support protection and adaptation of the child's body, increase resistance to exogenous factors. Timely high-quality diagnosis, prevention of imbalance of fat-soluble vitamins in children, individual selection of vitamin preparations and their correct correction should be priorities in the work of pediatricians. Preventive screening and elimination of deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in children can not only improve health, but also improve the quality of life. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.