bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The level of the general reactivity of erythrocytes membranes in rats with combined action of infrasound
Authors: Tuleukhanov Sultan , Shapovalov Yuri , Mautenbaev Askar , Kulbayeva Marzhan , Abdrassulova Zhanna
Published: March 2020

This study focuses on the level of the general reactivity of erythrocytes membranes in rats with combined action of infrasound. The effect on biological features was investigated through the experiments on the rats. Comparative analysis of immunological parameters, the permeability of erythrocyte membranes and the electrical conductivity of blood in rats under the effects of infrasound at a frequency of 15 Hz and intensity 11 dB through exposure time of 3-3600 seconds allowed proving that infrasound causes nonspecific changes at the cellular and subcellular levels of the organism. There was used many different technologies and methods. Based on the obtained results, direct indirect and combined effect of infrasound immunological parameters had clearly increased the total count of leukocyte index and all parameters of differential count of leukocytes as well as appearance immature products in the peripheral blood.
Évaluation objective structurée de l’animation du débriefing (ÉOSAD) : traduction, adaptation et validation d’une rubrique
Authors: Lavoie Patrick , Deschênes Marie-France , Brien Louise-Andrée , Radermaker Mélanie , Boyer Louise
Published: March 2020

Contexte :Le débriefing en simulation clinique requiert des habiletés d’animation de la part des formateurs. Bien que des outils d’évaluation validés existent et pourraient servir à leur formation, ils sont uniquement disponibles en anglais et ne sont pas adaptés à la réalité québécoise.But : (1) Traduire une rubrique d’évaluation de la qualité de l’animation du débriefing (Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing) en français et l’adapter au contexte québécois ; et (2) en tester la validité et la fidélité dans un contexte de formation en sciences infirmières.Méthodes : La rubrique a été traduite et adaptée par trois traducteurs indépendants. Des experts en simulation (n = 11) en ont validé le contenu selon une méthode Delphi modifiée. La rubrique traduite a été mise à l’essai auprès d’animateurs en simulation (n = 10) qui ont évalué la qualité de débriefings filmés (n = 16).Résultats : La rubrique présente une forte validité de contenu selon les experts et une forte validité concomitante en comparaison avec un score d’évaluation générale du débriefing. Les résultats pour les fidélités interjuges et test-retest montrent une variabilité dans l’attribution des scores par les animateurs de débriefing.Conclusion : La rubrique fournit un langage et des critères communs pour évaluer la qualité d’animation des débriefings. Elle pourrait servir de base à la formation des formateurs en précisant des critères de performance et des descripteurs reflétant différents niveaux de performance. Les qualités psychométriques observées suggèrent toutefois qu’une formation plus exhaustive et des modifications dans les descripteurs seraient nécessaires avant que la rubrique ne soit utilisée en contexte de recherche.
Differential in infrastructure networks
Authors: Kanli Akin , Berberler Zeynep Nihan Odabasş
Published: March 2020

Let G = (V, E) be a graph of order n and let B(D) be the set of vertices in V \ D that have a neighbor in the vertex set D. The differential of a vertex set D is defined as ∂(D) = |B(D)| − |D| and the maximum value of ∂(D) for any subset D of V is the differential of G. A set D of vertices of a graph G is said to be a dominating set if every vertex in V \ D is adjacent to a vertex in D. G is a dominant differential graph if it contains a ∂-set which is also a dominating set. This paper is devoted to the computation of differential of wheel, cycle and path-related graphs as infrastructure networks. Furthermore, dominant differential wheel, cycle and path-related types of networks are recognized.
Subpelvine Stenose/Kreuzendes Gefäß – kontra vascular hitch
Authors: Szavay Philipp , Heyne-Pietschmann Marie , Zundel Sabine M
Published: March 2020

Die Hydronephrose beim Kind ist zumeist bedingt durch eine (kongenitale) intrinsische Ureterabgangsstenose. Die von Anderson und Hynes etablierte „dismembered“ Nierenbeckenplastik stellt den Goldstandard in der operativen Therapie dar, sei es über einen offenen Zugang oder laparoskopisch (auch robotisch assistiert) bzw. retroperitoneoskopisch durchgeführt. Weniger häufig findet man – zumeist bei Patienten jenseits des Säuglingsalters − eine extrinsische Stenose als Ursache einer – dann zumeist – intermittierenden bzw. dynamischen Hydronephrose. Diese wird verursacht durch ein oder mehrere aberrierende Unterpolgefäße, welche den uretero-pelvinen Übergang obstruieren. Hierfür ist die operative Verlagerung des Gefäßes durch eine Tunnel-Plastik am Nierenbecken, die sog. „vascular hitch“-Operation, von Hellström beschrieben, in zunehmender Weise wieder etabliert worden. Die beiden Möglichkeiten der operativen Therapie werden nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. In der Literatur findet sich Evidenz dafür, dass bei Vorliegen eines Polgefäßes in bis zu 57 % zusätzlich eine intrinsische Stenose ist, in bis zu 100 % zumindest histologische Alterationen wie bei einer intrinsischen Stenose vorhanden sind. Der intraoperative Aspekt erlaubt keine Diskriminierung zwischen intrinsischer und extrinsischer Stenose, diese kann nur histologisch objektiviert werden. Bei der Durchführung eines „vascular hitch“ besteht daher das Risiko einer verbleibenden intrinsischen Stenose mit konsekutiver Abflussstörung und der Gefahr einer Partialfunktionsminderung. Auch kann durch den „vascular hitch“ selbst die Durchblutung der Niere kompromittiert werden. Die sog. „dismembered“ Nierenbeckenplastik vermeidet hingegen ein falsches Selektionieren der Patienten. Zudem ist sie mit hinreichender Evidenz belegt als ein Verfahren mit niedriger Komplikationsrate von 2 – 3 % und funktionell sehr guten Ergebnissen hinsichtlich des Erhalts der Partialfunktion und der Verbesserung der Abflussdynamik. Im Vergleich besteht in der Literatur kein vermehrtes Komplikationsrisiko gegenüber der „vascular hitch“-Operation. Daher bevorzugen wir die "dismembered" Nierenbeckenplastik als Methode der Wahl bei der Hydronephrose und dem Vorliegen eines aberrierenden Polgefäßes.
Structure, Reactivity, and Synthetic Applications of Sodium Diisopropylamide
Authors: Collum David B. , Woltornist Ryan A. , Ma Yun , Algera Russell F. , Zhou Yuhui , Zhang Zirong
Published: March 2020

The 60-year history of sodium diisopropylamide (NaDA) is described herein. We review various preparations, solvent-dependent stabilities, and solution structures. Synthetic applications of NaDA reported to date are framed by a mechanism-driven approach, emphasizing selectivities when appropriate. We conclude with examples beyond metalation in which NaDA plays a central role and with a few thoughts on where future applications could be focused.

1 Introduction

2 Preparation and Physical Properties

3 Solution Structures

4 Reactivity and Mechanism

4.1 Solvent Decomposition

4.2 Alkene and Diene Metalation

4.3 Arene Metalations

4.4 Dehydrohalogenations

5 Selectivity and Applications in Synthesis

5.1 Picoline Metalations

5.2 C–H Metalation

5.3 Dehydrohalogenations

5.4 Triflate Alkylation

5.5 Allyl Ether Isomerizations

5.6 Cyclic Allene Synthesis

5.7 Epoxide Elimination

5.8 Enolization

5.9 Orthometalation

6 Flow

7 Catalysis

8 Organosodium Salts and Secondary Applications

9 Conclusion
Comparação das rotações medial e lateral do ombro entre não-atletas e atletas profissionais de squash
Authors: Vilela José Carlos Souza , Freitas Júnior de Haroldo Oliveira , Sérgio Thiago Rodrigues , Pádua Bruno Jannotti , Costa da Eduardo Louzada , Machado Thalles Leandro Abreu , Barbosa Tadeu Fonseca
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Comparar as rotações medial e lateral dos ombros e as distâncias entre o processo coracoide e a fossa cubital de indivíduos não atletas e de jogadores profissionais de squash.

Método O estudo transversal foi realizado entre março e agosto de 2017. Não atletas do sexo feminino e masculino (n = 628) foram selecionados no Serviço de Emergência Ortopédica da nossa instituição. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade entre 18 e 60 anos, ausência de deficiências físicas ou cognitivas e ausência de dor nos membros superiores. Jogadores profissionais de squash (n = 30) de várias nacionalidades foram selecionados em um evento realizado em nossa cidade. Todos os atletas praticavam seu esporte em alto nível há > 10 anos e/ou 10.000 horas, e todos eram assintomáticos. Os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados por entrevista, enquanto os exames físicos e de ombro foram realizados por um único consultor ortopédico.

Resultados Em comparação com os não atletas, os jogadores profissionais de squash apresentaram perdas médias significativas (p < 0,001) de 23°34' na rotação interna e significativos (p < 0,003) ganhos médios de 10°23' na rotação externa dos ombros dominantes. Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,008) entre não atletas e atletas quanto à distância entre o processo coracoide e a fossa cubital no braço dominante.

Conclusão A participação intensiva no squash provoca alterações adaptativas que dão origem ao déficit de rotação interna glenoumeral, acompanhadas de significativo ganho de rotação externa, e podem gerar alterações patogênicas no ombro.
Ombro do arremessador: Artigo de atualização
Authors: Ejnisman Benno , Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Ribeiro Leandro Masini , Belangero Paulo Santoro
Published: March 2020

A maioria das lesões do ombro ocorre devido aos movimentos repetitivos acima do nível da cabeça. Antes de estudar o tratamento dessas lesões, é fundamental que os profissionais de saúde tenham um entendimento da etiologia e dos mecanismos que causam essas patologias. O ato do arremesso acima do nível da cabeça exige considerável coordenação de todo o corpo, desde o momento de geração de força até o final do arremesso. O ombro é um componente crucial da cadeia cinética da extremidade superior, por transmitir a força gerada na extremidade inferior para o braço e mão para produzir velocidade e precisão no lançamento da bola.
Valuation discourses and disciplinary positioning struggles of academic researchers—A case study of ‘maverick’ academics
Authors: Hah Sixian
Published: March 2020

While it is known that researchers need to contend with increasing demands in the evolving landscape of higher education in the UK, few studies have examined how academic researchers discursively construct their struggles. This paper explores the valuation discourses that academic researchers draw upon to construct and account for their struggles in the process of establishing themselves as academics. It strives to answer the question: What kinds of struggles do academics face when positioning themselves and their research in relation to disciplines? What kinds of valuation discourses do academic researchers draw upon to position themselves as academics working in certain disciplines? The data comes from my PhD research, where I conducted 30 qualitative interviews with academic researchers ranging from PhD students, early career researchers to Professors Emeriti, who work in applied linguistics and language-related fields in UK universities. This paper focuses on two case studies of academics who positioned themselves as “mavericks” or who resist being pigeonholed in one discipline. In order to provide some comparative basis, the two case studies come from two ends of the academic career spectrum. I examine how they constructed their struggles with positioning themselves in relation to disciplines, and the kinds of valuation discourses evoked in the process. The paper proposes a model that conceptualizes how disciplinary positioning struggles are constructed by discursive acts and in the process, produce and reinforce valuation discourses about academic disciplines. Embedded in these disciplinary positioning struggles, researchers employed academic categories (Angermuller, 2017. High Educ 73(6):963–980) and evoked valuation discourses. The paper illustrates how academics hold valuation discourses about the kinds of disciplinary positioning practices that are valued, which may sometimes differ from the valuation discourses of fellow researchers, institutions and other stakeholders in higher education. The paper argues that such incongruence in valuation discourses between the individual and others result in positioning struggles.
Phosphor thermometry at 5 kHz rate using a high-speed fiber-optic spectrometer
Authors: Yan Lin , Song Yunfei , Liu Weilong , Lv Zhe , Yang Yanqiang
Published: March 2020

A simple kHz-rate spectral phosphor thermometry technique with sub-millisecond temporal resolution for contactless point measurements of short duration transient surface temperature changes was developed by employing a compact high-speed fiber-optic spectrometer, a high repetition rate pulsed green laser, and a fast decaying thermographic phosphor. Temperature changes were determined from the temperature-dependent emission spectra of the YAG:Ce phosphor using a spectral slope method. The precision of single-shot temperature measurements was better than 4% for temperatures up to 700 K. An application of the technique for time-resolved measurements of local transient temperature changes at 5 kHz during repetitive long CO2 laser pulse heating is presented. The measured temperature transients are well-predicted using a two-dimensional axisymmetric heat transfer model.
Coaxial electrostatic wiggler with corrugated inner and outer walls
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Fu Wenjie , Yan Yang
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a coaxial electrostatic wiggler with corrugated inner and outer walls is investigated theoretically. The field distributions in this wiggler correspond to the special solution of a Laplace equation in a cylindrical coordinate system with two sinusoidal ripple boundaries. Through numerical analysis and comparison to the coaxial electrostatic wiggler with a corrugated outer wall, the results indicate that in a coaxial electrostatic wiggler with corrugated inner and outer walls, electric field undulation can be enhanced. The particle-in-cell simulation further demonstrates that the electrons can be modulated deeply.
Gyrokinetic particle simulations of interactions between energetic particles and magnetic islands induced by neoclassical tearing modes
Authors: Tang X. , Lin Z. , Heidbrink W. W. , Bao J. , Xiao C. , Li Z. , Li J. , Bardóczi L.
Published: March 2020

Interactions between energetic particles (EPs) and neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) islands in the DIII-D tokamak are studied using the global gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC). GTC simulations find that the EP radial profile is partially flattened within the magnetic island regions and that there are stochastic regions in the particle phase space. Radial particle flux is induced mainly around the magnetic island regions and decreases with time to almost zero when the initial EP distribution achieves a new steady-state in the absence of EP sources. Stochastic regions of magnetic field lines induced by the superposition of multiple islands have weak effects on the particle flux when the width of stochastic regions is smaller than the EP drift orbit width. The perturbed parallel EP current induced by the magnetic islands has weak stabilizing effects on the linear growth rate of the NTM instability in this DIII-D experiment.
The macroscopic viscosity approximation: A first-principle relationship between molecular diffusion and viscosity
Authors: Gaudin Théophile , Ma Haibo
Published: March 2020

In this article, a new relationship between viscosity and molecular diffusion at infinite dilution is proposed for better rationalization and prediction of these properties, based on a “macroscopic viscosity approximation” (MVA), i.e., by assuming viscosity around a solute as equal to the macroscopic, measurable viscosity of the solvent. This implies that activation energies of the viscous flow and diffusion process are equal. The hypothesis is validated by our correlation analysis (mean difference of 0.10 kcal/mol, R2 = 0.96). The new approach, named “Modified Stokes–Einstein” (MSE), achieves better performance than the widely used Wilke–Chang (WC) correlation both in organic solvents [mean relative error (MRE) of 15% vs 24%, respectively] and in water (MRE of 13% vs 21%, respectively). Contrary to the popular WC correlation as well as all other available approaches in the literature, the MSE approach can be used consistently for water, without requiring any ad hoc association parameter, and is not fitted on diffusion and/or viscosity data, making all of its underlying hypotheses explicit. Based on the MVA and the MSE, a simple atomic count estimation method for the activation energy of the flow allows us to simultaneously predict viscosity and diffusion coefficients with an MRE of 21%–22%, again slightly better than the WC correlation, but not requiring any experimental data as the input. This work provides rationalized and efficient means for prediction of diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution and pure liquid viscosities wherever such properties are required, for example, as inputs for mixing rules to predict flow and transport behavior of complex systems.
Self-assembled InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dots: Intraband relaxation impacted by ultrathin GaP sublayer
Authors: Huang Fujuan , Xiong Yiling , Zhang Xiupu
Published: March 2020

The influence of an ultrathin GaP (or GaAs) sublayer on the nonradiative intraband relaxation in InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dots (QDs) is investigated. It is found that, based on our studies, the QDs with some heights (e.g., 1.5 nm) and GaP sublayer thicknesses (e.g., 1.03 monolayers) present the first excited state (ES) with higher state degeneracy with respect to ground state (GS), which suggests that the Auger relaxation is triggered more easily. We also find that the energy difference of the ES and GS decreases with increasing sublayer thickness, which suggests that the electron–phonon interaction is affected. This work further presents a study of intraband relaxation for an InAs/InP QD with a GaP or GaAs sublayer. It is found that there is a critical thickness of the GaP sublayer: When the sublayer is less than the critical thickness, the intraband relaxation is only determined by one-longitudinal optical (LO) phonon or two-LO phonons, which is dependent on QD heights. However, with the GaAs sublayer, QDs do not have the above feature. This finding may be helpful for designing and optimizing high-speed QD devices.
Superlattice period dependence on nonradiative recombination centers in the n-AlGaN layer of UV-B region revealed by below-gap excitation light
Authors: Hossain M. Ismail , Itokazu Yuri , Kuwaba Shunsuke , Kamata Norihiko , Maeda Noritoshi , Hirayama Hideki
Published: March 2020

Nonradiative recombination (NRR) centers in n-AlGaN layers of UV-B AlGaN samples with different numbers of superlattice (SL) periods (SLPs), grown on the c-plane sapphire substrate at 1150 °C by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique, have been studied by using below-gap-excitation (BGE) light in photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at 30 K. The SLP affects the lattice relaxation of the SL and n-AlGaN layer. The PL intensity decreased by the superposition of BGE light of energies from 0.93 eV to 1.46 eV over the above-gap-excitation light of energy 4.66 eV, which has been explained by a two-level model based on the Shockley–Read–Hall statistics. The degree of PL quenching from n-AlGaN layers of the sample with SLP 100 is lower than those of other samples with SLP 50, 150, and 200. By a qualitative simulation with the dominant BGE energy of 1.27 eV, the density ratio of NRR centers in n-AlGaN layers of 50:100:150:200 SLP samples is obtained as 1.7:1.0:6.5:3.4. This result implies that the number of SLP changes lattice relaxation and determines the density of NRR centers in the n-AlGaN layer, which affects the performance of LEDs.
Control of the magnetic domain of Pt/Co/Ru/MgO multilayer: Effect of Co thickness and Ru insertion
Authors: Nozaki Tomohiro , Konoto Makoto , Nozaki Takayuki , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukushima Akio , Yuasa Shinji
Published: March 2020

In this study, we investigated the effect of Co film thickness and Ru insertion on the magnetic domain structure of a Pt/Co/Ru/MgO system during the magnetization reversal process. It was observed that with increasing Co thickness, the magnetization process systematically changed from the dendrite-like domain growth region to an isolated skyrmion bubble generation region through the suppression of domain wall motion and the decrease in the nucleation field. In addition, by Ru insertion, a similar systematic change in the magnetization reversal process was observed in a thinner Co film while maintaining the Co thickness dependent trend. It was also found during our study that the change in the magnetization reversal process could be inferred by observing the shape of the magnetization curve. Moreover, our experiment showed that once skyrmion bubbles were generated, the Ru inserted Pt/Co/MgO system was stable even after the removal of the magnetic field. This magnetic-field insensitivity of skyrmion bubbles is a pivotal characteristic and could be of great advantage for many spintronics applications.
A binary sampling Res2net reconstruction network for single-pixel imaging
Authors: Li Bing , Yan Qiu-Rong , Wang Yi-Fan , Yang Yi-Bing , Wang Yu-Hao
Published: March 2020

The traditional algorithm for compressive reconstruction has high computational complexity. In order to reduce the reconstruction time of compressive sensing, deep learning networks have proven to be an effective solution. In this paper, we have developed a single-pixel imaging system based on deep learning and designed the binary sampling Res2Net reconstruction network (Bsr2-Net) model suitable for binary matrix sampling. In the experiments, we compared the structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and reconstruction time using different reconstruction methods. Experimental results show that the Bsr2-Net is superior to several deep learning networks recently reported and closes to the most advanced reconstruction algorithms.
High-precision compliant mechanism for lens XY micro-adjustment
Authors: Zhao Lei , Yu Xinfeng , Li Pengzhi , Qiao Yanfeng
Published: March 2020

The high resolution of lithography lenses has led to a requirement for high-precision lens-adjusting compensators. This paper presents the design, analysis, and testing of a high-precision two-degrees-of-freedom compliant mechanism to be used for lens XY micro-adjustment. The monolithic mechanism, which is based on a 1RR–2RRR configuration, uses flexure hinges to connect the movable inner ring with the fixed outer ring. The apparatus is driven using two piezoelectric actuators, and the lens terminal displacement is fed back in real time using two capacitive sensors. This paper describes the principle of the mechanism. Simulations and experiments are then performed to evaluate the system. The results show that the strokes along both the x-axis and the y-axis exceed ±25 µm. The accuracy of the proposed mechanism is better than ±7 nm. The root-mean-square induced figure error is better than 0.051 nm. The coupling z and tip/tilt rigid motions are less than 50 nm and 220 mas, respectively. The first natural frequency of the mechanism is 212 Hz. These results indicate that the mechanism has advantages that include high accuracy, low coupling errors, high rigidity, and compactness and that it will act as an efficient compensator for lithography lenses.
Motor imagery classification using geodesic filtering common spatial pattern and filter-bank feature weighted support vector machine
Authors: Wang Fei , Xu Zongfeng , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Shichao , Zhang Yahui , Ping Jingyu , Wu Chengdong
Published: March 2020

In recent years, Brain Computer Interface (BCI) based on motor imagery has been widely used in the fields of medicine, active safe systems for automobiles, entertainment, and so on. Motor imagery relevant electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are weak, nonlinear, and susceptible to interference. As a feature extraction method for motor imagery, Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) has been proven to be very effective. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the choice of frequency bands, and Euclidean space cannot effectively describe the inner relationship. To solve these problems, a classification approach for motor imagery using the Geodesic Filtering Common Spatial Pattern (GFCSP) and filter-bank Feature Weighted Support Vector Machine (FWSVM) is presented. First, GFCSP based on the Riemannian manifold is proposed, in which the extracted covariance features are spatially filtered in Riemannian tangent space, and the average covariance matrix is replaced by Riemannian mean in CSP. Second, filter-bank FWSVM with a feature weighted matrix is proposed. EEG signals are filtered into 8–12 Hz, 12–16 Hz, 18–22 Hz, 22–26 Hz, and a wide band of 8–24 Hz, and GFCSP features of these filtered signals are extracted. A feature weighted matrix is calculated using mutual information and the Pearson correlation coefficient from these features and class information. Then, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for classification with the feature weighted matrix. Finally, the proposed method is validated on the dataset IVa in BCI competition III. Classification accuracies of the five subjects are 92.31%, 99.03%, 80.36%, 96.30%, and 97.67%, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Defects controlled doping and electrical transport in TiS2 single crystals
Authors: Chen Ke , Song Meng , Sun Yi-Yang , Xu Hai , Qi Dong-Chen , Su Zhenhuang , Gao Xingyu , Xu Qian , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Zhang Ranran , Wang Jie , Zhang Lei , Cao Liang , Han Yuyan , Xiong Yimin
Published: March 2020

TiS2 has been intensively studied as an electrode material and a thermoelectric material for energy storage and conversion applications due to its high electrical conductivity. Understanding the influence of defects on electrical transport is of importance not only to resolve the long-standing question concerning the nature of TiS2, but also for the rational design of TiS2 based devices for energy scavenging applications. In this study, we integrate photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements to determine the chemical compositions dominated by defects and their influence on the doping and electrical properties. Our results demonstrate that TiS2 is a heavily self-doped semiconductor with the Fermi level close to the conduction band, which serves as the conclusive experimental evidence regarding the semiconducting nature of TiS2. The doping effect is sensitive to the (subtle) changes in the chemical composition. The electron donation from the Ti interstitials (Tii) to the TiS2 host explains the high carrier concentration. The Ti Frenkel pair (TiF) acting as the acceptor is responsible for the decrease in the electron carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. High conductivity maintains upon partial oxidization, indicating the oxidization-tolerance in terms of the electronic structure. Our results provide valuable insight into the evolution of electronic properties modulated by defects that reveal unambiguously the self-doped semiconducting nature of TiS2 and chemical- and environment-tolerance of TiS2 as an advanced energy scavenging material.
‘I didn’t feel judged’: exploring women’s access to telemedicine abortion in rural Australia
Authors: Ireland Sarah , Belton Suzanne , Doran Frances
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONRegardless of geographical location, safe and legal abortion is an essential reproductive health service. Accessing an abortion is problematic for women in rural areas. Although telemedicine is globally established as safe and effective for medical abortion in urban settings, there is a paucity of research exploring access to telemedicine abortion for women in rural locations. AIMThe aim of this qualitative research is to explore and better understand women’s access to telemedicine abortion in Australian rural areas. METHODSStructured interviews were conducted with women (n=11) living in rural areas who had experienced a telemedicine abortion within the last 6 months. Phone interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data underwent a Patient-Centred Access framework analysis and were coded according to the domain categories of approachability/ability to perceive, acceptability/ability to seek, availability/ability to reach, affordability/ability to pay, and appropriateness/ability to engage. RESULTSRural women had severely limited access to abortion care. The five domains of the Patient-Centred Access model demonstrated that when women with the prerequisite personal skills and circumstances are offered a low-cost service with compassionate staff and technical competence, telemedicine can innovate to ensure rural communities have access to essential reproductive health services. DISCUSSIONTelemedicine offers an innovative model for ensuring women’s access to medical abortion services in rural areas of Australia and likely has similar applicability to international non-urban contexts. Strategies are needed to ensure women with lower literacy and less favourable situational contexts, can equitably access abortion services through telemedicine.
Prospects for ecologically and socially sustainable management of total grazing pressure in the southern rangelands of Australia
Authors: Hacker R. B. , Sinclair K. , Pahl L.
Published: March 2020

Numerous large herbivore species, both native and exotic, share the southern Australian rangelands with domestic livestock, which often account for only about half of the total grazing pressure. Although each presents its individual challenge to landholders, the management of kangaroos is a key component of ecologically sustainable management of the region because (a) they represent a significant component of the non-domestic grazing pressure, particularly in areas from which dingos and wild dogs have been (partially) removed; (b) commercial harvesting, the means of control that has the highest social acceptability, has been rendered ineffective by the actions of activist groups and market closure due to food safety concerns; (c) the task is largely beyond the capacity of individual landholders; and (d) the same constraints do not apply to other non-domestic components of total grazing pressure. Management of total grazing pressure, and particularly kangaroos, currently represents a case of market failure because the level of management that can be expected of landholders is not consistent with public expectations for resource conservation and animal welfare. Several avenues are available by which kangaroo management could be advanced to achieve both public and private benefits. These include adoption of an active, adaptive management approach to the kangaroo population, establishment of arrangements that will shift the general perception of kangaroos from pest to resource, development of an appropriate incentive framework to achieve desirable landscape outcomes, and continued evaluation of the benefits and costs of cluster fencing. These initiatives require both a greater commitment from governments to address the market failure and a proactive stance by industry to engage stakeholders, self-regulate, and objectively demonstrate environmental and animal welfare credentials.
Chronic mild stress alters synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens through GSK3β-dependent modulation of Kv4.2 channels
Authors: Aceto Giuseppe , Colussi Claudia , Leone Lucia , Fusco Salvatore , Rinaudo Marco , Scala Federico , Green Thomas A. , Laezza Fernanda , D’Ascenzo Marcello , Grassi Claudio
Published: March 2020

Significance

GSK3β is a serine/threonine kinase highly expressed in the brain that regulates several ion channels and receptors. Our study uncovers increased levels of active GSK3β in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice with a depressive-like phenotype induced by chronic stress. We clarify that the increased levels of active GSK3β within the NAc of these mice lead to altered synaptic plasticity through phosphorylation of the Kv4.2 subunit, a molecular determinant of A-type K
+
currents. Moreover, selective GSK3β silencing in the NAc prevents maladaptive synaptic plasticity and depression-related behavior, paving the way to consider the GSK3β–Kv4.2 axis as a strategy to manage the negative impact of chronic stress.
Broad and thematic remodeling of the surfaceome and glycoproteome on isogenic cells transformed with driving proliferative oncogenes
Authors: Leung Kevin K. , Wilson Gary M. , Kirkemo Lisa L. , Riley Nicholas M. , Coon Joshua J. , Wells James A.
Published: March 2020

The cell surface proteome, the surfaceome, is the interface for engaging the extracellular space in normal and cancer cells. Here we apply quantitative proteomics of
N
-linked glycoproteins to reveal how a collection of some 700 surface proteins is dramatically remodeled in an isogenic breast epithelial cell line stably expressing any of six of the most prominent proliferative oncogenes, including the receptor tyrosine kinases, EGFR and HER2, and downstream signaling partners such as KRAS, BRAF, MEK, and AKT. We find that each oncogene has somewhat different surfaceomes, but the functions of these proteins are harmonized by common biological themes including up-regulation of nutrient transporters, down-regulation of adhesion molecules and tumor suppressing phosphatases, and alteration in immune modulators. Addition of a potent MEK inhibitor that blocks MAPK signaling brings each oncogene-induced surfaceome back to a common state reflecting the strong dependence of the oncogene on the MAPK pathway to propagate signaling. Cell surface protein capture is mediated by covalent tagging of surface glycans, yet current methods do not afford sequencing of intact glycopeptides. Thus, we complement the surfaceome data with whole cell glycoproteomics enabled by a recently developed technique called activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD). We found massive oncogene-induced changes to the glycoproteome and differential increases in complex hybrid glycans, especially for KRAS and HER2 oncogenes. Overall, these studies provide a broad systems-level view of how specific driver oncogenes remodel the surfaceome and the glycoproteome in a cell autologous fashion, and suggest possible surface targets, and combinations thereof, for drug and biomarker discovery.
15-Epi-LXA
4
and 17-epi-RvD1 restore TLR9-mediated impaired neutrophil phagocytosis and accelerate resolution of lung inflammation
Authors: Sekheri Meriem , El Kebir Driss , Edner Natalie , Filep János G.
Published: March 2020

Significance

Timely resolution of bacterial infections critically depends on phagocytosis of invading pathogens by polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes, followed by neutrophil apoptosis and removal by macrophages. Neutrophils integrate cues from the inflammatory microenvironment. Here we show a Toll-like receptor 9-mediated mechanism, involving regulation of phagocytosis and phagocytosis-induced neutrophil apoptosis, by which bacterial DNA, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and the danger signal mitochondrial DNA may impair host defense to bacteria and prolong the inflammatory response. We also report that the proresolution aspirin-triggered lipids 15-epi-lipoxin A
4
and 17-epi-resolvin D1 restore impaired phagocytosis and enhance bacterial clearance and phagocytosis-induced neutrophil apoptosis, thereby facilitating resolution of acute lung inflammation. These findings imply the lipoxin receptor ALX/FPR2 as a potential therapeutic target for combating bacterial infections.
The changing physical and ecological meanings of North Pacific Ocean climate indices
Authors: Litzow Michael A. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Bond Nicholas A. , Burke Brian J. , Cunningham Curry J. , Gosselin Jennifer L. , Norton Emily L. , Ward Eric J. , Zador Stephani G.
Published: March 2020

Climate change is likely to change the relationships between commonly used climate indices and underlying patterns of climate variability, but this complexity is rarely considered in studies using climate indices. Here, we show that the physical and ecological conditions mapping onto the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) index have changed over multidecadal timescales. These changes apparently began around a 1988/1989 North Pacific climate shift that was marked by abrupt northeast Pacific warming, declining temporal variance in the Aleutian Low (a leading atmospheric driver of the PDO), and increasing correlation between the PDO and NPGO patterns. Sea level pressure and surface temperature patterns associated with each climate index changed after 1988/1989, indicating that identical index values reflect different states of basin-scale climate over time. The PDO and NPGO also show time-dependent skill as indices of regional northeast Pacific ecosystem variability. Since the late 1980s, both indices have become less relevant to physical–ecological variability in regional ecosystems from the Bering Sea to the southern California Current. Users of these climate indices should be aware of nonstationary relationships with underlying climate variability within the historical record, and the potential for further nonstationarity with ongoing climate change.
CENP-F stabilizes kinetochore-microtubule attachments and limits dynein stripping of corona cargoes
Authors: Auckland Philip , Roscioli Emanuele , Coker Helena Louise Elvidge , McAinsh Andrew D.
Published: March 2020

Accurate chromosome segregation demands efficient capture of microtubules by kinetochores and their conversion to stable bioriented attachments that can congress and then segregate chromosomes. An early event is the shedding of the outermost fibrous corona layer of the kinetochore following microtubule attachment. Centromere protein F (CENP-F) is part of the corona, contains two microtubule-binding domains, and physically associates with dynein motor regulators. Here, we have combined CRISPR gene editing and engineered separation-of-function mutants to define how CENP-F contributes to kinetochore function. We show that the two microtubule-binding domains make distinct contributions to attachment stability and force transduction but are dispensable for chromosome congression. We further identify a specialized domain that functions to limit the dynein-mediated stripping of corona cargoes through a direct interaction with Nde1. This antagonistic activity is crucial for maintaining the required corona composition and ensuring efficient kinetochore biorientation.
Dominant-negative mutations in human IL6ST underlie hyper-IgE syndrome
Authors: Béziat Vivien , Tavernier Simon J. , Chen Yin-Huai , Ma Cindy S. , Materna Marie , Laurence Arian , Staal Jens , Aschenbrenner Dominik , Roels Lisa , Worley Lisa , Claes Kathleen , Gartner Lisa , Kohn Lisa A. , De Bruyne Marieke , Schmitz-Abe Klaus , Charbonnier Louis-Marie , Keles Sevgi , Nammour Justine , Vladikine Natasha , Maglorius Renkilaraj Majistor Raj Luxman , Seeleuthner Yoann , Migaud Mélanie , Rosain Jérémie , Jeljeli Mohamed , Boisson Bertrand , Van Braeckel Eva , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Dai Hongzheng , Burrage Lindsay C. , Murdock David R. , Lambrecht Bart N. , Avettand-Fenoel Véronique , Vogel Tiphanie P. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Esther Charles R. , Haskologlu Sule , Dogu Figen , Ciznar Peter , Boutboul David , Ouachée-Chardin Marie , Amourette Jean , Lebras Marie-Noëlle , Gauvain Clément , Tcherakian Colas , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Beyaert Rudi , Abel Laurent , Milner Joshua D. , Grimbacher Bodo , Couderc Louis-Jean , Butte Manish J. , Freeman Alexandra F. , Catherinot Émilie , Fieschi Claire , Chatila Talal A. , Tangye Stuart G. , Uhlig Holm H. , Haerynck Filomeen , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Puel Anne
Published: March 2020

Autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) is typically caused by dominant-negative (DN) STAT3 mutations. Patients suffer from cold staphylococcal lesions and mucocutaneous candidiasis, severe allergy, and skeletal abnormalities. We report 12 patients from 8 unrelated kindreds with AD-HIES due to DN IL6ST mutations. We identified seven different truncating mutations, one of which was recurrent. The mutant alleles encode GP130 receptors bearing the transmembrane domain but lacking both the recycling motif and all four STAT3-recruiting tyrosine residues. Upon overexpression, the mutant proteins accumulate at the cell surface and are loss of function and DN for cellular responses to IL-6, IL-11, LIF, and OSM. Moreover, the patients’ heterozygous leukocytes and fibroblasts respond poorly to IL-6 and IL-11. Consistently, patients with STAT3 and IL6ST mutations display infectious and allergic manifestations of IL-6R deficiency, and some of the skeletal abnormalities of IL-11R deficiency. DN STAT3 and IL6ST mutations thus appear to underlie clinical phenocopies through impairment of the IL-6 and IL-11 response pathways.
First demonstration of a cryocooler conduction cooled superconducting radiofrequency cavity operating at practical cw accelerating gradients
Authors: Dhuley R C , Posen S , Geelhoed M I , Prokofiev O , Thangaraj J C T
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate practical accelerating gradients on a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) accelerator cavity with cryocooler conduction cooling, a cooling technique that does not involve the complexities of the conventional liquid helium bath. A design is first presented that enables conduction cooling an elliptical-cell SRF cavity. Implementing this design, a single cell 650 MHz Nb3Sn cavity coupled using high purity aluminum thermal links to a 4 K pulse tube cryocooler generated accelerating gradients up to 6.6 MV m−1 at 100% duty cycle. The experiments were carried out with the cavity-cryocooler assembly in a simple vacuum vessel, completely free of circulating liquid cryogens. We anticipate that this cryocooling technique will make the SRF technology accessible to interested accelerator researchers who lack access to full-stack helium cryogenic systems. Furthermore, the technique can lead to SRF based compact sources of high average power electron beams for environmental protection and industrial applications. A concept of such an SRF compact accelerator is presented.
Changes of orbital electron correlations due to the coupling between quantum dots and Majorana zero modes
Authors: Gong Wei-Jiang , Gao Zhen , Li Xue-Si , Zhang Lian-Lian
Published: March 2020

We present a detailed analysis about the changes of the orbital electron-correlation effects in one quantum-dot circuit, by considering finite couplings between the quantum dots and Majorana zero modes (MZMs). It is found that the dot-MZM couplings complicate the orbital-Kondo effect, because the orbital correlation occurs between the localized states in the quantum dots and the continuum hybridized states induced by the indirect metal-MZM couplings. When two of such correlation exist in pair, they have an opportunity to induce a long-range RKKY correlation, which is related to the MZMs. Further investigation shows that this RKKY interaction leads to the anomalous fractional Josephson effect. Our work can be helpful in clarifying the influence of MZM on the orbital electron correlation effects.
Transport in magnetically doped one-dimensional wires: can the helical protection emerge without the global helicity?
Authors: Tsvelik A M , Yevtushenko O M
Published: March 2020

We study the phase diagram and transport properties of arbitrarily doped quantum wires functionalized by magnetic adatoms. The appropriate theoretical model for these systems is a dense one-dimensional Kondo lattice (KL) which consists of itinerant electrons interacting with localized quantum magnetic moments. We discover the novel phase of the locally helical metal where transport is protected from a destructive influence of material imperfections. Paradoxically, such a protection emerges without a need of the global helicity, which is inherent in all previously studied helical systems and requires breaking the spin-rotation symmetry. We explain the physics of this protection of the new type, find conditions, under which it emerges, and discuss possible experimental tests. Our results pave the way to the straightforward realization of the protected ballistic transport in quantum wires made of various materials.
Oblique collisional effects of dust acoustic waves in unmagnetized dusty plasma
Authors: Alam M S , Talukder M R
Published: March 2020

Effects of oblique collisions of the dust acoustic (DA) waves in dusty plasma are studied by considering unmagnetized fully ionized plasma. The plasma consists of inertial warm negatively charged massive dusts, positively charged dusts, superthermal kappa distributed electrons, and isothermal ions. The extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (ePLK) method is employed for the drivation of two-sided Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations (KdVEs). The KdV soliton solutions are derived by using the hyperbolic secant method. The effects of superthermality index of electrons, temperature ratio of isothermal ion to electron, and the density ratio of isothermal ions to negatively charged massive dusts on nonlinear coefficients are investigated. The effects of oblique collision on amplitude, phase shift, and potential profile of right traveling solitons of DA waves are also studied. The study reveals that the new nonlinear wave structures are produced in the colliding region due to head-on collision of the two counter propagating DA waves. The nonlinearity is found to decrease with the increasing density ratio of ion to negative dust in the critical region. The phase shifts decrease (increase) with increasing the temperature ratio of ion to electron (κ
e). The hump (compressive, κ
e < κ
ec) and dipshaped (rarefactive, κ
e > κ
ec) solitons are produced depending on the angle (θ) of oblique collision between the two waves.
Decoding of grasping tasks from intraneural recordings in trans-radial amputee
Authors: Cracchiolo Marina , Valle Giacomo , Petrini Francesco , Strauss Ivo , Granata Giuseppe , Stieglitz Thomas , Rossini Paolo M , Raspopovic Stanisa , Mazzoni Alberto , Micera Silvestro
Published: March 2020

Objective. A major challenge in neuroprosthetics is the restoration of sensory-motor hand functions in upper-limb amputees. Neuroprostheses based on the direct re-connection of the peripheral nerves may be an interesting approach for re-establishing the natural and effective bidirectional control of hand prostheses. Recent results have shown that transverse intrafascicular multi-channel electrodes (TIMEs) can restore natural and sophisticated sensory feedback. However, the potential of using TIME-recorded motor intraneural signals to decode grasping tasks has not as yet been explored. Approach. In this study, we show that several hand-movement intentions can be decoded from intraneural signals recorded using four TIMEs implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of an upper limb amputee. Experimental sessions were performed over a week, from day 16 to day 23 after the surgical operation. Intraneural activity was recorded during several hand motor tasks imagined by the subject and processed offline. Main results. We obtained a very high decoding accuracy considering 11 class states (up to 83%). These results confirm that neural signals recorded by multi-channel intraneural electrodes can be used to decode several movement intentions with high accuracy. Moreover, we were able to use same TIME channels for decoding over one week within the first month, even if the stability has to be confirmed during long-term experiments. Significance. Therefore, TIMEs could be used in the future to achieve a complete bidirectional approach exploiting neural pathways, to make a more natural and intuitive new generation of hand prostheses that have a closer resemblance to a healthy hand.