bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presentation and management of insect bites in out-of-hours primary care: a descriptive study
Authors: Finnikin Samuel John , Wilcock Jane , Edwards Peter Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To describe the population presenting to out-of-hours primary care with insect bites, establish their clinical management and the factors associated with antibiotic prescribing.

Design

An observational study using routinely collected data from a large out-of-hours database (BORD, Birmingham Out-of-hours general practice Research Database).

Setting

A large out-of-hour primary care provider in the Midlands region of England.

Participants

All patients presenting with insect bites between July 2013 and February 2020 were included comprising 5774 encounters.

Outcome measures

This cohort was described, and a random subcohort was created for more detailed analysis which established the clinical features of the presenting insect bites. Logistic regression was used to model variables associated with antibiotic prescribing.

Results

Of the 5641 encounters solely due to insect bites, 67.1% (95% CI 65.8% to 68.3%) were prescribed antibiotics. General practitioners were less likely to prescribe antibiotics than advanced nurse practitioners (60.5% vs 71.1%, p<0.001) and there was a decreasing trend in antibiotic prescribing as patient deprivation increased. Pain (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.86), swelling (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.52 to 5.46) and signs of spreading (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.54 to 7.70) were associated with an increased frequency of antibiotic prescribing. Extrapolation of the findings give an estimated incidence of insect bite consultations in England of 1.5 million annually.

Conclusion

Two-thirds of the patients presenting to out-of-hours primary care with insect bites receive antibiotics. While some predictors of prescribing have been found, more research is required to understand the optimal use of antibiotics for this common presentation.
Strategies and interventions to strengthen pharmacovigilance systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Menang Olga , Kuemmerle Andrea , Maigetter Karen , Burri Christian
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The slow progress of pharmacovigilance (PV) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) raises questions about core challenges on the growth of PV, and the appropriateness of strategies used so far to develop PV. Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe strategies and interventions to strengthen PV in LMIC and to propose recommendations for future investments in PV capacity building.

Inclusion criteria

Publications included were primary studies, articles, policy and guideline papers, describing interventions to strengthen PV in LMIC.

Methods

The review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines on conducting scoping reviews. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PDQ-evidence, CINAHL and other relevant websites from January 1990 to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. One reviewer performed data extraction and descriptive analysis, which were reviewed by two other reviewers.

Results

10 922 unique titles were screened and 152 were eligible for full text review. Of these, 57 and an additional 13 reports from grey literature fulfilled eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. These were grouped into two categories: (1) Interventions aimed at increasing PV knowledge and adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting (45 papers), primarily education of healthcare professionals (HCP), alone or in combination with other interventions such as mobile and electronic reporting and (2) Interventions aimed at strengthening various components of the national PV system (25 papers), describing strategies or mixed interventions implemented at the national level, targeting different components of the national PV system.

Conclusions

Results of this review suggest that educating HCP on ADR reporting is the most common approach to build PV capacity in LMIC. Though important, education alone is insufficient and should ideally be organised within the holistic framework of strengthening national PV systems, with a focus on also building capacity for advanced activities such as signal detection.
A qualitative exploration of the experiences of shift workers participated in a low-calorie meal replacement dietary intervention
Authors: Sooriyaarachchi Piumika , Jayawardena Ranil , Pavey Toby , King Neil A
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Shift work is associated with various health challenges, including obesity and metabolic disturbances. To address these concerns, a randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a low-calorie meal replacement (MR) dietary intervention for dinner among shift workers with obesity. This study focuses on the qualitative aspects of this intervention, aiming to explore the experiences and perceptions of shift workers who participated in the trial.

Design

Following the completion of the intervention, semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of trial participants. Data analysis was inductive, thematic using NVivo V.10 software.

Setting

The intervention was conducted among shift workers with obesity in a private hospital in Sri Lanka and resulted in a modest decrease in weight.

Participants

Using purposeful maximum variation sampling, we recruited eight healthcare shift workers who took part in a weight loss intervention.

Results

All participants expressed satisfaction with the MR meal for dinner, highlighting its positive impact on their well-being. Despite initial difficulties, strong determination and motivation by results supported adherence. Some participants suggested that the MR could be improved with sweeter taste and more flavour options. Few reported mild bloating at the beginning, but no serious side effects were noted. Participants felt lighter in their bodies due to weight loss. The method’s simplicity was the most frequently reported benefit, making it feasible even during busy night shifts. Overall, participants highly recommended the intervention to others in need.

Conclusion

Participants experienced weight loss by replacing their dinner with the MR. This study offers valuable insights for tailoring future workplace-based dietary interventions for this vulnerable population.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12622000231741.
Study environment and the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems among university students: the SUN cohort study
Authors: Johansson Fred , Billquist Jessica , Andreasson Hanna , Jensen Irene , Onell Clara , Berman Anne H , Skillgate Eva
Published: September 2023

Objective

To determine the association between different aspects of study environment and the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems.

Design, setting and participants

We recruited a cohort of 4262 Swedish university students of whom 2503 (59%) were without moderate or worse mental health problems and 2871 (67%) without activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems at baseline. The participants were followed at five time points over 1 year using web surveys.

Exposures

Self-rated discrimination, high study pace, low social cohesion and poor physical environment measured at baseline.

Outcomes

Self-rated mental health problems defined as scoring above cut-off on any of the subscales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Self-rated activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems in any body location assessed by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.

Statistical analysis

Discrete survival-time analysis was used to estimate the hazard rate ratio (HR) of each exposure–outcome combination while adjusting for gender, age, living situation, education type, year of studies, place of birth and parental education as potential confounders.

Results

For discrimination, adjusted HRs were 1.75 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.19) for mental health problems and 1.39 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.72) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For high study pace, adjusted HRs were 1.70 (95% CI 1.48 to 1.94) for mental health problems and 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.43) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For low social cohesion, adjusted HRs were 1.51 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.77) for mental health problems and 1.08 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.25) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems. For perceived poor physical study environment, adjusted HRs were 1.20 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.45) for mental health problems and 1.20 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.43) for activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems.

Conclusions

Several aspects of the study environment were associated with the incidence of mental health problems and activity-limiting musculoskeletal problems in this sample of Swedish university students.
Retrospective cohort study investigating synergism of air pollution and corticosteroid exposure in promoting cardiovascular and thromboembolic events in older adults
Authors: Josey Kevin , Nethery Rachel , Visaria Aayush , Bates Benjamin , Gandhi Poonam , Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Rua Melanie , Robinson David , Setoguchi Soko
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the synergistic effects created by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and corticosteroid use on hospitalisation and mortality in older adults at high risk for cardiovascular thromboembolic events (CTEs).

Design and setting

A retrospective cohort study using a US nationwide administrative healthcare claims database.

Participants

A 50% random sample of participants with high-risk conditions for CTE from the 2008–2016 Medicare Fee-for-Service population.

Exposures

Corticosteroid therapy and seasonal-average PM2.5.

Main outcome measures

Incidences of myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome (MI/ACS), ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, heart failure (HF), venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation and all-cause mortality. We assessed additive interactions between PM2.5and corticosteroids using estimates of the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) obtained using marginal structural models for causal inference.

Results

Among the 1 936 786 individuals in the high CTE risk cohort (mean age 76.8, 40.0% male, 87.4% white), the mean PM2.5exposure level was 8.3±2.4 µg/m3and 37.7% had at least one prescription for a systemic corticosteroid during follow-up. For all outcomes, we observed increases in risk associated with corticosteroid use and with increasing PM2.5exposure. PM2.5demonstrated a non-linear relationship with some outcomes. We also observed evidence of an interaction existing between corticosteroid use and PM2.5for some CTEs. For an increase in PM2.5from 8 μg/m3to 12 μg/m3(a policy-relevant change), the RERI of corticosteroid use and PM2.5was significant for HF (15.6%, 95% CI 4.0%, 27.3%). Increasing PM2.5from 5 μg/m3to 10 μg/m3yielded significant RERIs for incidences of HF (32.4; 95% CI 14.9%, 49.9%) and MI/ACSs (29.8%; 95% CI 5.5%, 54.0%).

Conclusion

PM2.5and systemic corticosteroid use were independently associated with increases in CTE hospitalisations. We also found evidence of significant additive interactions between the two exposures for HF and MI/ACSs suggesting synergy between these two exposures.
Novel use of structural equation modelling to examine diet and metabolic traits associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged Chinese males: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miao Rujia , Yu Renhe , Zhou Hui , Liu Lei , Peng Ting , Wang Jiangang
Published: September 2023

Background

The present study aims to use structural equation modelling (SEM) with multiple regression pathways to examine direct and indirect links from diet and metabolic traits to microvascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) among middle-aged Chinese males.

Methods

The study was conducted in middle-aged Chinese males, who underwent a health check-up between 2018 and 2019. Data on lifestyle behaviour factors (physical activity, diet pattern, sleep quality and diet data underwent factor analysis in advance) and metabolic risk factors referring to metabolic traits were introduced into the SEM to examine inter-relationship among these factors and their association with ED, as evaluated by the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI).

Results

Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified two major dietary patterns: ‘prudent pattern’ and ‘western pattern’. The univariate test suggested that only triglycerides (TGs) and prudent dietary pattern were directly associated with RHI. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern had an indirect association with RHI via TG (prudent diet→TG: β=−0.15, p<0.05; TG→RHI: β=−0.17, p<0.001). As to confirming the hypothesised association between variables apart, physical activity frequency was correlated to the decrease in TG (β=−0.29, p<0.001), but had no direct correlation to RHI.

Conclusion

The network of direct and indirect associations among diet pattern and cardiometabolic risk factors with RHI measured ED among middle-aged males. The most significant modifiable factors identified were TG and prudent diet pattern, which needs to be targeted as preventive strategies for early microvascular impairment.
Using telemedicine to improve early medical abortion at home (UTAH): a randomised controlled trial to compare telemedicine with in-person consultation for early medical abortion
Authors: Reynolds-Wright John Joseph , Norrie John , Cameron Sharon Tracey
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To compare telephone consultations with in-person consultations for the provision of medical abortion (using mifepristone 200 mg and misoprostol 800 µg). We hypothesised that telemedicine consultations would be non-inferior to in-person consultations with a non-inferiority limit of 3%.

Design

Randomised controlled trial with 1:1 allocation.

Setting

Community abortion service housed within an integrated sexual and reproductive health service in Edinburgh, UK.

Participants

The trial began on 13 January 2020, but was stopped early due to COVID-19; recruitment was suspended on 31 March 2020, and was formally closed on 31 August 2021. A total of 125 participants were randomised, approximately 10% of the total planned, with 63 assigned to telemedicine and 62 to in-person consultation.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcome: efficacy of medical abortion, defined as complete abortion without surgical intervention. Secondary outcomes: satisfaction with consultation type, preparedness, unscheduled contact with care, complication rate, time spent in clinical contact and uptake of long-acting contraception.

Results

Primary outcome was available for 115 participants (lost-to-follow-up telemedicine=2, in-person=8), secondary outcomes were available for 110 participants (n=5 and n=10 in telemedicine and in-person groups did not complete questionnaires). There were no significant differences between groups in treatment efficacy (telemedicine 57/63 (90.5%), in-person 48/62 (77.4%)). However, non-inferiority was not demonstrated (+3.3% in favour of telemedicine, CI −6.6% to +13.3%, lower than non-inferiority margin). There were no significant differences in most secondary outcomes, however, there was more unscheduled contact with care in the telemedicine group (12 (19%) vs 3 (5%), p=0.01). The overall time spent in clinical contact was statistically significantly lower in the telemedicine group (mean 94 (SD 24) vs 111 (24) min, p=0.0005).

Conclusions

Telemedicine for medical abortion appeared to be effective, safe and acceptable to women, with less time spent in the clinic. However, due to the small sample size resulting from early cessation, the study was underpowered to confirm this conclusion. These findings warrant further investigation in larger scale studies.

Trial registration number

NCT04139382.
Exploring subjective responses in high-intensity multimodal training: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sharp Tijana , Grandou Clementine , Coutts Aaron J , Wallace Lee
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise enjoyment in high-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) in current and previous HIMT participants and identify factors associated with HIMT that mediate exercise enjoyment and motivation.

Design and setting

A 124-item web-based survey was distributed to a cross-sectional voluntary convenience sample from August to the end of September 2021.

Participants

Global current and previous HIMT participants.

Results

The final sample included 469 responses (completion rate: 61.6%). Among eligible respondents (n=434), 379 were current HIMT participants, 55 were previous HIMT participants. Current participants demonstrated high enjoyment (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale). The most frequently reported reasons for increased enjoyment and motivation to continue HIMT in current participants included (1)it keeps me fit,(2)training in a groupand (3)variety in a session. The most frequently reported reasons for reduced motivation to continue HIMT among previous HIMT participants included (1)other (injury, COVID-19 restrictions, low motivation, personal preferences), (2)work commitmentsand (3)I started another type of sport, exercise or training.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that HIMT is an enjoyable training method among current participants. The most commonly reported reasons for increased enjoyment and motivation were associated with the combined training method and the group environment. Reasons for reduced motivation to continue HIMT among previous HIMT participants may be related to commonly reported barriers to exercise and personal factors.
Association between post-COVID-19 status and perioperative morbidity and mortality: protocol for an ambispective cohort study
Authors: Che Lu , Yu Jiawen , Bai Xue , Wang Yi , Zhang Yuelun , Xu Li , Shen Le , Huang Yuguang
Published: September 2023

Introduction

With COVID-19 bringing persistent impact on the worldwide population, perioperative management after SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be revisited in the new period of different circulating coronavirus variants, vaccination status, increased reinfection rate and new disease control policies. This study aims to explore the association between time to surgery after COVID-19 diagnosis and the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre ambispective cohort study. Patients with preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection who require inpatient surgical intervention from 1 December 2022 to 28 February 2023 will be included. Baseline assessment will include the time interval between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and surgery, COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms, vaccination status and routine preoperative evaluations. The primary outcome will be postoperative composite complications within 30 days after surgery. Association between post-COVID-19 interval and the outcomes will be explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding variables.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (IRB K3570). We aim to publish and disseminate the findings in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and on social media.

Trial registration number

NCT05689840.
Perception and clinical practice regarding mucus clearance devices with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study of healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Saeed Mardy , Alzahrani Abdulaziz , Alshahrani Yousef M , Al Ruwaithi Abdulhadi A , Aldhahir Abdulelah Mastour , Alsulayyim Abdullah S , Siraj Rayan A , Almansour Abdulelah H , Alasmari Ali M , Alqahtani Jaber S , Alanazi Abdullah M , Jaishi Siraj T , Allehyani Badr A , Hopkinson Nicholas S
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Clearing secretions from the airway can be difficult for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mucus clearance devices (MCDs) are an option in disease management to help with this, but healthcare provider awareness and knowledge about them as well as current clinical practice in Saudi Arabia are not known.

Design

A cross-sectional online survey consisting of four themes; demographics, awareness, recommendations and clinical practice, for MCDs with COPD patients.

Setting

Saudi Arabia.

Participants

1188 healthcare providers including general practitioners, family physicians, pulmonologists, nursing staff, respiratory therapists and physiotherapists.

Primary outcome measures

Healthcare providers’ level of awareness about MCDs, and the identification of current clinical practices of COPD care in Saudi Arabia.

Results

1188 healthcare providers (44.4% female) completed the survey. Regarding devices, 54.2% were aware of the Flutter, 23.8% the Acapella and 5.4% the positive expiratory pressure mask. 40.7% of the respondents identified the Acapella, and 22.3% the Flutter as first choice for COPD management. 75% would usually or always consider their use in COPD patients reporting daily difficulty clearing mucus, whereas 55.9% would sometimes or usually consider the use of MCDs with COPD patients who produced and were able to clear mucus with cough. In clinical practice, 380 (32%) of the respondents would prescribe MCDs, 378 (31.8%) would give MCDs without prescriptions, 314 (26.4%) would not provide them at all and 116 (9.8%) would only advise patients about them.

Conclusion

Healthcare providers are aware of the existence of MCDs and their benefits for sputum clearance and believe that MCDs are beneficial for sputum clearance in some COPD patients.
A simulation-based optimization method for emergency evacuation induced by gas pipeline leakage risk
Authors: Wang Ling , Chen Xuejiao , Liu Chaofeng , Guo Xingxing , Li Gang , Liu Xiaoran
Published: September 2023

Long-distance gas pipelines with large diameter and high pressure, on which a leakage induces gas diffusion or fire explosion, may result in major influence to nearby buildings and residents. Safety and rapid evacuation of potentially affected people is a top priority. To analyze the affected areas by disasters and improve evacuation efficiency of the affected areas, this study presents a simulation-based optimization method for emergency evacuation induced by gas leakage risk. First, the influence radii of different leakage accidents were calculated based on damage criteria and the evacuation radii around the accidents were determined considering the panic psychology. The number of evacuees and their spatial distribution were calculated. Secondly, an evacuation simulation model for affected communities based on the multi-agent system was established to analyze the evacuation process of residents. Finally, the optimal design method and strategies for community evacuation were proposed. Responsibility areas of organized evacuation service for community exits were determined. The results showed that the evacuation times of the two communities A and C were reduced by 10% and 24%, which indicates organized evacuation is more efficient than unorganized evacuation. The selection of community exits is more balanced. Its rationality of the proposed method was verified by the comparison of evacuation simulation.
A construction method of the wave–particle entanglement state of the particle system
Authors: Zhou Tingwei
Published: September 2023

Entanglement of the wave–particle duality of particles has attracted enormous attention as one of fundamental feature of quantum mechanics. Herein, we systematically studied the wave–particle entanglement of the particle system composed of N particles. The results indicate that the particle system has the wave–particle entanglement after the interaction, when the wave function of any one of the system can be obtained by using same basis vectors before the interaction. Moreover, a construction method of the wave–particle entanglement state is found for the particle system. Finally, the photons can show the wave–particle entanglement in the previous experimental work, which was further confirmed by the construction method. The results provide a new understanding for the entanglement of the wave–particle duality.
Analytical investigation of graphene oxide blood base nanofluid with the impact of dynamic viscosity and viscous dissipation
Authors: Rehman Ali , Inc Mustafa , Alhefthi Reem
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research paper is to analytically investigate graphene oxide blood base nanofluid with the impact of dynamic viscosity and viscous dissipation. The increased thermal conductivity of nanofluids over regular fluids motivates this research. The basic flow equations are used to model the flow problem in nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs). The dimensionless parameters, classical lie group, and thermo-physical properties are applied to transform the developed NLPDEs into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant ODEs are resolved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), and graphical and tabular interpretations are used to note the effects of contributing parameters including magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity, nanoparticle volume friction, Eckert number, and Prandtl number on the velocity profile and temperature distribution. From the obtained results, we see that the velocity profile is decreasing by increasing magnetic parameter, dynamic viscosity, nanoparticle volume friction, and the temperature profile is increasing by increasing dynamic viscosity and Eckert number. The tabular descriptions of convergence of the presented fluid flow are also provided.
ISC-TRANSUNET: MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION NETWORK BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF SELF-ATTENTION AND CONVOLUTION
Authors: LI FANG , PEI SIYU , ZHANG ZIQUN , YANG FUMING
Published: September 2023

In the current medical image segmentation network, the combination of CNN and Transformer has become a mainstream trend. However, the inherent limitations of convolution operation in CNN and insufficient information interaction in Transformer affect the segmentation performance of the network. To solve these problems, an integrated self-attention and convolution medical image segmentation network (ISC-TransUNet) is proposed in this paper. The network consists of encoder, decoder and jump connection. First, the encoder uses a hybrid structure of BoTNet and Transformer to capture more comprehensive image information and reduce additional computing overhead. Then, the decoder uses an upper sampler cascaded by multiple DUpsampling upper blocks to accurately recover the pixel-level prediction. Finally, the feature fusion of encoder and decoder at different resolutions is realized by ResPath jump connection, which reduces the semantic difference between encoder and decoder. Through experiments on the Synapse multi-organ segmentation dataset, compared with the baseline model TransUNet, Dice similarity coefficient of ISC-TransUNet was improved by 1.13%, Hausdorff distance was reduced by 2.38%, and weight was maintained. The experimental results show that the network can effectively segment tissues and organs in medical images, which has important theoretical significance and application value for intelligent clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Willingness to Pay for Ancillary Water Service Improvements in Puerto Rico
Authors: Tavárez Héctor , Elbakidze Levan
Published: September 2023

Water scarcity impedes economic development and can be expensive or infeasible to resolve in many developing countries with recurring water service outages. In such circumstances, water supply organizations may be able to improve ancillary water service attributes to alleviate the burden of service interruptions. We use a discrete choice experiment to estimate households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for improved water quality, coordinated scheduling of planned service interruptions, water use restrictions, and improved dissemination of information about upcoming service interruptions in Puerto Rico. The results indicate that households’ WTP varies considerably across attributes and is greatest ($ 28/month per household) for ensuring adequate water quality. Preferences for water service improvements vary across geographic locations and latent user groups.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) Failures: Is It the Seed or the Soil?
Authors: Sean Sokteang , Tran Chloe , Ou Pichetra , Ouk Chanpisey , Ayoubi Jean Marc , de Ziegler Dominique
Published: September 2023

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have accomplished spectacular progresses over the last few years, leading to sustained implantation rates (sIR) [Formula: see text]60% following euploid blastocyst transfers. These results raise new challenges for infertility specialists, notably the ability to care for infertile couples who fail ART, sometimes recurrently.

ART failures may be due to disorders residing in the endometrium (the soil) or embryo (seed). To simplify the review of this dilemma and limit variables, we focused our research on the outcome of euploid blastocysts transfers conducted in E2 and i.m. progesterone replacement cycles. This methodological choice for our research should not be confused with a therapeutic recommendation in case of ART failures. The sum of the data collected indicates that if recurrent implantation failure (RIF) exists, it is extremely rare, affecting only [Formula: see text]5% of ART couples.
Implications of Green Technologies for Environmental Justice
Authors: Vaishnav Parth
Published: September 2023

There are large disparities in access to green technologies between countries and among different demographic groups within countries. Unless carefully managed, the energy transition risks exacerbating some of these inequalities, for example, by burdening those who are excluded from efficient new technologies with the costs of maintaining legacy infrastructure. The energy transition will create new interdependencies between sectors—for example, between buildings, the power sector, and transportation—requiring integrated design of policies and infrastructure in different sectors. The equitable adoption of new technologies is contingent on broadening access to enabling technologies such as the Internet and payment systems. Decisionmakers must focus on new technologies that remove disparities in access to services but do not replicate current inefficiencies in providing those services (e.g., equitable access to mobility—not only to motorized personal vehicles). Data at higher resolutions and with broader coverage are needed to design equitable technology deployment strategies and evaluate their success.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Biology and the Evidence for Their In Vitro Utility
Authors: Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Gonzales Natalia M. , Gilad Yoav
Published: September 2023

Many human phenotypes are impossible to recapitulate in model organisms or immortalized human cell lines. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a way to study disease mechanisms in a variety of differentiated cell types while circumventing ethical and practical issues associated with finite tissue sources and postmortem states. Here, we discuss the broad utility of iPSCs in genetic medicine and describe how they are being used to study musculoskeletal, pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiac phenotypes. We summarize the particular challenges presented by each organ system and describe how iPSC models are being used to address them. Finally, we discuss emerging iPSC-derived organoid models and the potential value that they can bring to studies of human disease.
Molecular Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Particles and Crystals: A Continuing Challenge of Immunology and Toxicology
Authors: Ma Qiang , Lim Chol Seung
Published: September 2023

Particles and crystals constitute a unique class of toxic agents that humans are constantly exposed to both endogenously and from the environment. Deposition of particulates in the body is associated with a range of diseases and toxicity. The mechanism by which particulates cause disease remains poorly understood due to the lack of mechanistic insights into particle-biological interactions. Recent research has revealed that many particles and crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor. Activated NLRP3 forms a supramolecular complex with an adaptor protein to activate caspase 1, which in turn activates IL-1β and IL-18 to instigate inflammation. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome dampen inflammatory responses to particulates. Nonetheless, how particulates activate NLRP3 remains a challenging question. From this perspective, we discuss our current understanding of and progress on revealing the function and mode of action of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating adaptive and pathologic responses to particulates in health and disease.
Tert-butyl hydroperoxide induces ferroptosis of bone mesenchymal stem cells by repressing the prominin2/BACH1/ROS axis
Authors: Xu Yuzhu , Fan Pan , Xu Xuanfei , Liu Lei , Zhang Lele , Li Xi , Wang Jiadong , Tao Yuao , Li Xiaolong , Xu Dandan , Wang Xiaohui , Zhou Yan , Wang Yuntao
Published: September 2023

We found that prominin2 might be a potential biomarker and is expected to be utilized to augment engrafted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) survival rate. The prominin2/BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis, which participates in the regulation of BMSCs ferroptosis induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), is uncovered in our study. The therapeutic targeting of the prominin2/BACH1/ROS axis components is promising to elevate the survival of transplanted BMSCs in clinical practice.
Polycystin-2-dependent transcriptome reveals early response of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Jung Hyun Jun , Dixon Eryn E. , Coleman Richard , Watnick Terry , Reiter Jeremy F. , Outeda Patricia , Cebotaru Valeriu , Woodward Owen M. , Welling Paul A.
Published: September 2023

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease. Mutations in polycystin genes cause the disease, but the underlying mechanisms of cystogenesis are unknown. To help fill this knowledge gap, we created an inducible cell model of ADPKD and assembled a catalog of genes that respond in immediate proximity to polycystin-2 depletion using transcriptomic profiling. The catalog unveils a ciliary signaling-to-nucleus axis proximal to polycystin-2 dysfunction, highlighting Glis, Wnt, and MAPK signaling.
Atypical Mal de Meleda in a Hispanic Patient
Authors: Guevara Mónica , Mafla Michelle , Miño Camila
Published: September 2023

Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare autosomal palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) skin disorder (estimated incidence of 1 per 100,000 people) commonly associated with consanguinity and early childhood onset. MDM is characterized by bilateral diffusion of PPK plaques with delimited yellowish lesions that transgredien to the dorsum of the hands and feet. Additional features include nail dystrophy, lichenoid lesions, hyperhidrotic maceration, involvement of the knees and elbows, malodor, fungal superinfections, and digital constrictions. A male patient aged 42 years presented with asymptomatic, chronic, and diffused PPK lesions that progressed to the dorsal surface of the hands and feet, along with knees and elbows involvement. On clinical examination, asymmetrical lesions were observed on the hands, the left palm with yellowish waxy hyperkeratotic plaques, and the right palm with erythematous scaling and hyperkeratotic interphalangeal rings. The soles of the feet presented with yellow waxy hyperkeratotic plaques. In addition, nail dystrophy and loss of dermatoglyphics were observed. Initially, symptomatic topical treatment was established. However, owing to the lack of clinical response, a biopsy was performed, which revealed thickened corneal layer, acanthosis, spongiosis, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate. MDM diagnosis was confirmed based on a personal history of consanguinity, clinical presentation with absence of systemic symptoms, and transgredien pattern of the lesions. Systemic treatment with low doses of isotretinoin (10 mg orally everyday) was initiated, and two months later, slight clinical improvement has been observed until date. The present case report describes MDM in a Hispanic patient, who presented with asymmetric PPK lesions on the hands and received isotretinoin treatment.
Supplementary Table 4 from A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Stathis Anastasios , Lopez-Miranda Elena , Racca Fabricio , Quon Doris , Leyvraz Serge , Hess Dagmar , Keam Bhumsuk , Rodon Jordi , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kim Hye Ryun , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ribera Josep-Maria , DeAngelo Daniel , Perez Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier , Schönborn-Kellenberger Oliver , Weber Dirk , Pisa Pavel , Bauer Michael , Beni Laura , Bobadilla Maria , Lehal Raj , Vigolo Michele , Vogl Florian D. , Garralda Elena
Published: September 2023

Representativeness of Study Participants
Supplementary Table 3 from A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Stathis Anastasios , Lopez-Miranda Elena , Racca Fabricio , Quon Doris , Leyvraz Serge , Hess Dagmar , Keam Bhumsuk , Rodon Jordi , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kim Hye Ryun , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ribera Josep-Maria , DeAngelo Daniel , Perez Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier , Schönborn-Kellenberger Oliver , Weber Dirk , Pisa Pavel , Bauer Michael , Beni Laura , Bobadilla Maria , Lehal Raj , Vigolo Michele , Vogl Florian D. , Garralda Elena
Published: September 2023

Pharmacodynamic and biomarker assessments: percent change in peripheral Notch target gene expression in circulation across individual patients (each row) on twice daily dosing of CB-103
Supplementary Table 1 from A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Stathis Anastasios , Lopez-Miranda Elena , Racca Fabricio , Quon Doris , Leyvraz Serge , Hess Dagmar , Keam Bhumsuk , Rodon Jordi , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kim Hye Ryun , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ribera Josep-Maria , DeAngelo Daniel , Perez Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier , Schönborn-Kellenberger Oliver , Weber Dirk , Pisa Pavel , Bauer Michael , Beni Laura , Bobadilla Maria , Lehal Raj , Vigolo Michele , Vogl Florian D. , Garralda Elena
Published: September 2023

Safety and toxicity monitoring throughout the CB-103 clinical tria1
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Stathis Anastasios , Lopez-Miranda Elena , Racca Fabricio , Quon Doris , Leyvraz Serge , Hess Dagmar , Keam Bhumsuk , Rodon Jordi , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kim Hye Ryun , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ribera Josep-Maria , DeAngelo Daniel , Perez Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier , Schönborn-Kellenberger Oliver , Weber Dirk , Pisa Pavel , Bauer Michael , Beni Laura , Bobadilla Maria , Lehal Raj , Vigolo Michele , Vogl Florian D. , Garralda Elena
Published: September 2023

Study design, dose escalation, and confirmatory dosing cohorts (Part A) for CB-103
FIGURE 1 from A Phase I Study of the Pan-Notch Inhibitor CB-103 for Patients with Advanced Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Other Tumors
Authors: Hanna Glenn J. , Stathis Anastasios , Lopez-Miranda Elena , Racca Fabricio , Quon Doris , Leyvraz Serge , Hess Dagmar , Keam Bhumsuk , Rodon Jordi , Ahn Myung-Ju , Kim Hye Ryun , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ribera Josep-Maria , DeAngelo Daniel , Perez Garcia Jose Manuel , Cortes Javier , Schönborn-Kellenberger Oliver , Weber Dirk , Pisa Pavel , Bauer Michael , Beni Laura , Bobadilla Maria , Lehal Raj , Vigolo Michele , Vogl Florian D. , Garralda Elena
Published: September 2023

Waterfall (A) and swimmer (B) plot among all n = 40 patients with evaluable ACC color coded by best overall response. Time to progression is denoted along with patient survival and Notch signaling alteration status at last data cutoff (March 5, 2022). C, Case example of a patient with metastatic ACC with rapid progression prior to study entry showing −25.7% tumor regression in her dominant liver lesion (26.1–19.4 mm from left to right, top) and stable disease over 8 months on study; and a patient with locoregionally recurrent ACC (NOTCH-activating mutation present) with −17% tumor regression in a right parapharyngeal mass (30 to 25 mm from left to right, bottom) with stable disease over 3 months while on study.
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Authors: Mohan Sashwanthi , Sadeghi Elham , Mohan Madhuvanthi , Iannetta Danilo , Chhablani Jay
Published: September 2023

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) refers to the accumulation of blood in the suprachoroidal space, a relatively uncommon but significant complication that can occur spontaneously, during ophthalmic surgery, or as a consequence of ocular trauma. If left undiagnosed and untreated, SCH can lead to severe vision loss or even blindness. Therefore, it is crucial for ophthalmologists to have a thorough understanding of this complication, taking proactive measures to prevent it during surgery and being knowledgeable about effective management strategies for patients with SCH. This review article aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of SCH, covering its risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and the best practices for its management. By enhancing awareness and knowledge in this area, we can improve patient outcomes and minimize the impact of SCH in ophthalmic practice.
Duas décadas, 50 bens registrados: um panorama da política de patrimônio imaterial no Brasil
Authors: Alencar Rívia Ryker Bandeira de , Gonçalves Renata de Sá
Published: September 2023

O contexto do artigo são as políticas patrimoniais no Brasil a partir dos anos 2000, tendo em foco os 50 bens registrados como patrimônio imaterial entre 2000 e 2021. O artigo indica alguns dos parâmetros de compreensão utilizados na política de preservação do patrimônio cultural imaterial. Com esse levantamento, pretende-se explorar algumas potencialidades e ambiguidades das categorias gerais nesse contexto, desde a escolha e classificação de bens nos livros de registro do patrimônio cultural à sua circunscrição e distribuição pelo Brasil. Para tal, o artigo organiza uma sistematização de dados quantitativos e qualitativos do período referido, a partir do exame dos dossiês e certidões de registro, dos pareceres técnicos produzidos pelo Departamento do Patrimônio Imaterial do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPI/Iphan), dos pareceres e atas das reuniões do Conselho Consultivo do Patrimônio Cultural do Iphan (CCPC/Iphan), além de dados etnográficos coletados durante o período citado.
Os coretos de ferro dos séculos XIX e XX em Belém (PA): transformações e reconhecimento de significados e valores
Authors: Oliveira Thainá Thais Silva , Palácios Flávia Olegário
Published: September 2023

Entre o final do século XIX e início do XX, diversos coretos de ferro foram importados da Europa para Belém (PA) em meio à prosperidade econômica proporcionada pelo ciclo da borracha. Oito desses edifícios permaneceram na cidade, enfrentando problemas de preservação resultantes de ações antrópicas e do intemperismo local e passando por transformações de várias naturezas – em períodos passados e recentes. Concomitantemente, tornaram-se patrimônio cultural, comunicando vários significados e valores para a população. O objetivo deste artigo é traçar as transformações e permanências, desde a importação aos dias atuais, e realizar a reflexão teórica sobre esses processos a fim de subsidiar a conservação dos coretos de ferro. A abordagem metodológica consistiu em duas etapas: 1) pesquisa histórico-documental e iconográfica; 2) pesquisa de público por meio de questionários aplicados presencialmente e on-line. A pesquisa reafirmou a significância cultural e identificou os valores patrimoniais dessas edificações. Os dados obtidos também indicaram a limitada aplicação e pertinência dos princípios teóricos na preservação desses bens culturais. Esses resultados serão úteis para auxiliar as intervenções futuras a serem mais adequadas às demandas da sociedade.
Intervenções contemporâneas em diálogo com os valores de tombamento de Goiás (GO)
Authors: Oliveira Karine Camila
Published: September 2023

Este trabalho analisa as interfaces que duas intervenções em imóveis integrantes do conjunto arquitetônico e urbanístico da cidade de Goiás/GOestabelecem com os fundamentos e valores  mobilizados pelo tombamento, em especial, pela rerratificação do tombamento no ano de 2004. As intervenções estudadas foram realizadas através do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento Cidades Históricas (PAC–CH) entre os anos 2014–2017. Ao alterar um tombamento urbano, modificando seu perímetro, são compreendidos novos valores, que, por sua vez, refletem os novos e atuais sentidos da preservação de determinado bem cultural. No escopo das políticas públicas de preservação, o PAC–CH realizou investimentos de grande ordem em seis obras em Goiás, entre imóveis, áreas públicas e infraestrutura. Portanto, cabe investigar se essas ações recentes e importantes, independentemente de quaisquer categorias de intervenção em bens culturais, estão alinhavadas com as narrativas e premissas contemporâneas que foram identificadas com os valores do tombamento. Foram escolhidas as obras do Mercado Municipal e do Cine Teatro São Joaquim, considerando serem intervenções de maior impacto — financeiro, arquitetônico, urbanístico — no conjunto protegido.
Termografia de infravermelho e mapa de danos na inspeção de uma igreja histórica em Olinda (PE)
Authors: Rocha Eudes de Arimatéa , Carneiro Arnaldo Manoel Pereira , Monteiro Eliana Cristina Barreto
Published: September 2023

O artigo discute os modos de abordagem e os métodos de inspeção em edificações históricas para apresentar diagnósticos e propor terapias para os problemas levantados. Para a elaboração do mapa de danos, propõe-se uma metodologia de inspeção que utiliza vistoria “in loco” e o ensaio não destrutivo da termografia de infravermelhos. Para a discussão desses pro-cedimentos, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo uma edificação religiosa construída no Séc. XVII localizada na cidade de Olinda, Pernambuco. Este estudo identificou os principais mecanismos de deterioração atuantes sobre a estrutura analisada e verificou que tanto o ensaio de termografia de infravermelhos quanto a elaboração do mapa de danos mostraram-se técnicas eficazes para manutenção e conservação de edifícios históricos.
Retratos do envelhecimento feminino no cinema
Authors: Sanches Isadora Calumby , Geraldes Elen Cristina
Published: September 2023

Este artigo compara como o envelhecimento feminino é retratado em filmes do cinema contemporâneo dos Estados Unidos, da França e do Reino Unido – Doris, Redescobrindo o Amor (2015), Os Jovens Amantes (2021) e Boa Sorte, Leo Grande (2022), respectivamente. A análise fílmica foi auxiliada por capturas de tela das obras e dividida em três categorias: o Retrato Psicológico/Emocional, o Retrato Social e o Retrato Físico e Romântico/Sexual. Uma das principais conclusões tidas após a realização das análises foi de que nenhum dos três filmes selecionados conseguiu fugir totalmente de preconcepções e/ou estigmas culturalmente associados ao envelhecimento e à velhice feminina. Entretanto, os três tentam, cada um à sua maneira, transpor limitações impostas – sejam elas sociais, físicas ou afetivas – sobre as protagonistas.