bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-term results and prospects for irregular shelterwood systems in hardwood-dominated temperate rainforests in Chile
Authors: Donoso Pablo J. , Riquelme-Buitano Tomás , Soto Daniel P.
Published: April 2024

Background: When possible, silviculture should aim to develop mixed-species multi-aged forests that can be more productive and resilient to disturbances, provide high-quality timber and sustain greater amounts of biomass. Southern Chile is covered by temperate rainforests dominated by a mixture of tree species, such as the Evergreen forest type (EFT). The irregular shelterwood regeneration method is a novel approach aimed at developing irregular multi-aged forests following the retention of the residual forest (no final cut). Here, we report mid-term results after implementing these cuttings in two EFT forests in the Coastal Range and discuss its prospects for other temperate rainforests.
Methods: Two forests were sampled and evaluated in terms of composition, structure and growth, focusing on the new cohorts developed or released after the irregular shelterwood cuts. One forest was cut in a low-productivity site at 600 m (Hueicolla) in 1983, and the other in a medium-productivity site at 350 m (Llancahue) in 2009. In Hueicolla, 63% of the basal area was harvested from an old-growth forest where the main residual tree species were Eucryphia cordifolia, Laureliopsis philippiana and Saxegothaea conspicua. In Llancahue, 40% of the total basal area was harvested in a mature secondary forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi.
Results: The understorey developed in Hueicolla had 3,600 trees per ha and a quadratic stand diameter of 15 cm. It was dominated by the mid-tolerant species Eucryphia cordifolia, Gevuina avellana and Lomatia ferruginea, plus the shade-tolerant Amomyrtus luma. In Llancahue, a dense lower canopy was dominated by Podocarpus salignus and Drimys winteri, both mid-tolerant species, which included 81,000 seedlings and saplings < 5 cm per hectare and 560 ingrowth 5-10 cm trees per hectare.
Conclusions: The irregular shelterwood cuts allowed the development of dense understorey tree layers below the residual trees. However, the tree composition of the new cohorts largely differed from that of the residual trees and was dominated by mid-tolerant species, including some short-lived species. The irregular shelterwood method proves appropriate for the EFT and may likely be successful in other forest types with valuable mid-tolerant species.
Voice Command-Based IoT on Smart Home Using NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller
Authors: Shakaramiro Muhammad Ariel , Gunaryati Aris , Rahman Ben
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on developing a Smart Home prototype that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) and voice command using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. This system allows users to control household devices such as lights, gates, and fans with voice commands through voice-enabled devices. The prototype utilizes NodeMCU ESP8266 to connect the devices to a WiFi network. The developed voice recognition system can accurately identify voice commands and send instructions to NodeMCU ESP8266 to control the corresponding devices. The test results demonstrate the prototype's efficiency in automating household devices through voice commands. Consequently, users can enhance comfort and energy efficiency within their homes. This research opens opportunities for the development of smarter and user-friendly Smart Home systems in the future. Response testing of the Blynk application showed a 100% success rate, with an average response time of less than ten seconds. WiFi network testing was carried out with the IP Address 192.168.101.137, resulting in good functional performance even in the presence of physical obstacles, and the device can operate well up to a distance of 22 meters.
Policy of Academic Revitalization through Information Technology for Quality Management Enhancement in Private Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia
Authors: Sanusi Anuar , Firmansyah Firmansyah , Hasibuan Muhammad Said , Nurfiana Nurfiana , Herawadi S Novi
Published: April 2024

Private higher education in Indonesia faces challenges in improving educational quality to meet global demands. The policy of Academic Revitalization based on Information Technology (IT) emerges as a crucial strategy in addressing quality management changes. This research explores the implementation of this policy to enhance educational quality in private higher education institutions in Indonesia using seven variables. The research methodology involves a literature review and policy documentation analysis using Smart PLS. The research findings indicate that two variables were rejected due to being below the acceptance threshold. Five variables were accepted: Technology Alignment (3.258), Higher Education Quality Management (3.278), Moderating Effect 1 and 2 (both above 2.00), and the last variable, Revitalization of Academic Policies (2.614). However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, training needs, and appropriate policies remain significant issues to be addressed. In conclusion, the policy of Academic Revitalization based on IT provides a strong foundation for quality management changes in private higher education institutions in Indonesia. However, sustained commitment and significant investment are required to achieve optimal results.
State Transition Method Analysis for Testing the Interactive Multimedia Applications
Authors: Purwanti Santi , Fillah Khansa Mufidah , Jaja Jaja , Delima Nita
Published: April 2024

Interactive multimedia applications help users to get interactive information, such as an interactive multimedia application, called ‘I Learn to Read’ (ABACA) which can be used by first-grade elementary school students who can interact easily through the ABACA application to learn reading. Yet, to ensure that the multimedia application is interactive according to user needs and guaranteeing the quality of the application, testing needs to be done. Testing is carried out using black box testing which focuses on application functionality, so this research is more focused on black box testing using the State Transition method which consists of four stages, namely state transition testing design, Test Case, Testing, and conclusions from what has been done in the activity ABACA Interactive Multimedia Application testing. Results showed that twenty-three functionalities have been tested and succeeded in displaying transitions by the existing functionalities.
Smart Home System for Controlling Household Appliances Utilizing Photovoltaic Technology
Authors: Khoiruddin Mohammad , Retnoningsih Endang , Rofiah Syahbaniar
Published: April 2024

Photovoltaic is a technology that functions to convert solar energy into electrical energy directly. The smart home system for controlling household appliances with Photovoltaic technology is a concept that integrates renewable technology and artificial intelligence to increase the efficiency and sustainability of energy use in households. By using the ESP32 microcontroller as the main control system to monitor and regulate power usage based on the availability of solar energy. The system starts by checking the solar voltage, if it is providing enough power to household appliances. If the solar voltage is insufficient the system will turn off non-essential equipment or reduce power consumption. Users can control the system via smartphone to activate household appliances as needed. The system uses an inverter to convert the DC voltage from the solar panels into the AC voltage required by household appliances. This research combines Photovoltaic and IoT technology in a Smart Home that can increase energy efficiency and support environmental conservation efforts. Research can make a positive contribution to the development of sustainable energy solutions for modern households.
Sales Information System Utilizing 13.56 MHz RFID Member Cards for Enhanced Efficiency in Cooperative Stores
Authors: Yusuf Dani , Ahmad Denis
Published: April 2024

This research aims to produce an output in the form of a cooperative sales application to its members using a 13.56 MHz RFID membership card. The research was conducted at Toko Koperasi Ubhara Jakarta Raya, which is a cooperative owned by employees of Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, from January 2024 to February 2024. The cooperative membership card, which contains a 15.56 MHz RFID chip, can be used to validate cooperative member data when shopping at the cooperative store. With this application, it is hoped that it can simplify sales transactions for members and minimize input errors by store personnel. The system development method in this research uses the prototype method, the application is developed using native PHP programming language, and the database used is MySQL. The application created is expected to assist the cooperative in selling its products using a 13.56 MHz RFID card for better data management and quick presentation of sales reports.
Implementation of Digital Forensics Photorec in Recovering Lost Files on External Storage
Authors: Dasmen Rahmat Novrianda , Triwulanda Asti , Rasmila Rasmila , Kurniawan Dedi , Julia Julia
Published: April 2024

Portable data storage devices, such as flash drives, are one of the most widely used data storage media today. It has a fairly large storage capacity and is easy to carry around. However, flash drives are also prone to damage, such as lost or deleted files. Damage to files on a pen drive can be caused by various factors, such as user error, viruses, or physical damage. File damage caused by user error, such as accidental deletion of files, can be easily repaired using file recovery software. One of the popular file recovery software is Photorec, which is an open-source software that can be used to recover various types of files, including photos, videos, documents, and other files. Photorec uses the file carving method to recover lost or deleted files. The file carving method is a file recovery method that works by looking for intact blocks of data within the storage media. These intact data blocks are then identified as specific files. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Photorec in recovering lost files on a flash disk. This research uses an experimental method by simulating file corruption on a flash disk in Bina Darma University. File damage is done by accidentally deleting files. The results show that Photorec can recover lost files on flash drives with a high success rate. Photorec can recover lost files intact, including photos, videos, documents, and other files.
Event Management System for Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Organizers
Authors: Putra Agung Prajuhana , Karlitasari Lita
Published: April 2024

The advancement of technology in today's era has led to increased demands across various sectors, including Event Organizer (EO) Professional Service Providers. As a pivotal institution in scientific and academic advancement, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) at Universitas Pakuan regularly hosts a multitude of events ranging from seminars to workshops. However, the complexity of managing these events, exacerbated by varying participant numbers, presents substantial logistical, administrative, and communication challenges. FMIPA has witnessed a surge in event frequency and complexity in tandem with the growth in student enrollment, research, and academic collaboration. This paper underscores the critical importance of effective event management at FMIPA, emphasizing the necessity for an integrated and structured Event Organizer Management System. This system aims to address challenges such as team coordination, budget monitoring, and post-event reporting. By acknowledging the dynamic educational landscape and the imperative to meet high-quality standards, this research aims to contribute positively to FMIPA's institutional development. The proposed system seeks to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and the overall impact of each scientific activity. Focusing specifically on FMIPA's logistical and administrative challenges during event organization, this study aims to design, develop, and implement an Event Organizer Management System tailored to FMIPA's unique requirements. The system targets improved event planning, streamlined participant registration, and structured logistics coordination, ultimately aiming to elevate operational efficiency and event quality. The success of the system hinges upon user involvement throughout the development cycle, ensuring alignment with FMIPA's evolving needs and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Through this research, concrete solutions are expected to emerge, enhancing FMIPA's academic competitiveness and institutional standing.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Yenilikçilik Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yüceer Esra , Tümkaya Songül
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmada, sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki yenilikçilik eğilim düzeylerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki yenilikçilik eğilimleri cinsiyet, mesleki kıdem, eğitim düzeyi, görev yapılan kurum türü, öğretmenlik mesleğini isteyerek seçme durumu, görev yapılan yerleşim birimi, bir yıl içerisinde mesleki gelişim eğitimlerine katılma durumlarına göre ele alınmıştır. Araştırma nicel araştırma modellerinden betimsel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler 2020-2021 Eğitim-Öğretim yılı Osmaniye İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı okullarda görev yapan 196 kadın, 164 erkek olmak üzere toplam 360 sınıf öğretmeninden elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki yenilikçilik eğilimlerini belirlemek amacıyla “Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Mesleki Yenilikçilik Eğilimleri Ölçeği”; demografik bilgileri belirlemek amacıyla “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistik, t-testi, ANOVA, Ki-Kare analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, sınıf öğretmenlerinin meslek yenilikçilik düzeylerinin “ortanın üstünde iyi” olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ölçek toplam puanına göre kadın öğretmenlerin erkek öğretmenlere oranla, özel okulda çalışan öğretmenlerin devlet okulunda çalışan öğretmenlere oranla daha yenilikçi oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Öğretmenlik mesleğini isteyerek seçen öğretmenlerin ve son bir yılda mesleki gelişim programına katılan öğretmenlerin mesleki yenilikçilik eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki yenilikçilik eğilim puanları ile mesleki kıdem, eğitim düzeyi, görev yapılan yerleşim birimi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.
Okul Müdürlerinin Motivasyonlarını Olumsuz Yönde Etkileyen Etmenlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kazak Ender , Tatlı Savaş
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin motivasyonlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesidir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji (olgubilim) deseninde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Düzce ilinde bulunan devlet okullarında görev yapan 13 okul müdürü oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada maksimum çeşitlilik örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin çözümlemesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, yönetici kaynaklı etmenler olarak; bakanlık düzeyinde alınan kararların okullarda uygulanabilirliğiyle ilgili sorunların motivasyona olumsuz yönde yansıdığı; diğer yöneticilerle ilgili olarak; motivasyonı olumsuz yönde en çok etkileyen etmenin rekabet olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Öğretmen kaynaklı etmenlerin, isteksizlik, kayıtsızlık, görevde ihmal, sorumluluk almama ve mesleki yetersizlik; öğretmenlerin yeniliğe açık olmaması, iletişim sorunları ve okula devam sorunları olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrenci kaynaklı etmenlerin, emeklerinin karşılığını bulamama, ailedeki eğitimsizliğin ve sorunların öğrenci davranışlarına yansıması ve ailenin ilgisizliği olduğu görülmüştür. Veli kaynaklı etmenlerin, velilerin isteksizlikleri, duyarsızlıkları, yönetimin ve öğretmenlerin işine müdahale etmeleri ve iletişim sorunları olduğu görülmüştür. Kişisel kaynaklı etmenler olarak, ailevi sorunlardan motivasyonlarının olumsuz yönde etkilendiği ve mesleğin itibarsızlaşmasının kişisel olarak motivasyonlarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen her bir temaya ilişkin bulgulara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Penguatan Pembelajaran Toleransi: Solusi Alternatif Menyiapkan Warganegara Global di Era Digital
Authors: Mahpudz Asep
Published: April 2024

The development of globalization has now been felt in various aspects of life. Currently, it has turned to digitalization in various dimensions of life, including in education. The transformation of education is increasingly important to be carried out immediately, including aspects of building awareness of educators and learners based on values, and developing culture. This article is based on a literature review. Data and information are collected from articles, manuscripts, and books related to the study. The data and information are then analyzed using the content analysis method. Efforts to explore tolerance in the aspect of cultural diversity are important, especially in multicultural countries and nations. Strengthening tolerance learning is important to develop in the context of educational transformation, digitalization of education, and preparing global citizens in the digital era. Tolerance for cultural diversity and technological adaptation should be developed in a planned and systemic manner.
Facebook and Digital References Integration for Child Development Psychology (CDP) Online Tutorial Model
Authors: Amini Dr. Mukti
Published: April 2024

Smartphones in Indonesia are very close to the people now. Indonesia was ranked 4th in the world in the use of handphones. One of the application developments that are available now on mobile phones is Facebook. Therefore, Facebook can be easily accessed from a smartphone, and many students who already have a Facebook account can access it through a smartphone. The ease of access to Facebook through smartphones is exciting to implement in education and learning, including learning courses through online tutorials. Child Development Psychology (CDP) is one of the courses that provides online tutorial support services for students. Meanwhile, the number of digital references for learning courses, which can be accessed free of charge, can also be used for online tutorial material. Through linked digital references, participants will be interested in learning the online tutorial, which is also used to search for the appropriate digital references. This study aims to evaluate the use of Facebook and digital references for CDP online tutorials. The method used is descriptive. The tools used for collecting data were a questionnaire for students, document analysis, and interviews. The data has been collected and analyzed descriptively. The study concluded that this model has yet to improve students' participation in CDP online tutorials. However, it effectively creates more intimate communication through the Facebook group. The study also concluded that the overall student experiences the many benefits of the CDP online tutorials model.
Vaporization of perfluorocarbon attenuates sea-water-drowning-induced acute lung injury by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasomes in canines
Authors: Su Cheng-Cheng , Zhang Zhao-Rui , Liu Jin-Xia , Meng Ji-Guang , Ma Xiu-Qing , Mo Zhen-Fei , Ren Jia-Bo , Liang Zhi-Xin , Yang Zhen , Li Chun-Sun , Chen Liang-An
Published: April 2024

Seawater-drowning-induced acute lung injury (SD-ALI) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by increased alveolar–capillary permeability, an excessive inflammatory response, and refractory hypoxemia. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are biocompatible compounds that are chemically and biologically inert and lack toxicity as oxygen carriers, which could reduce lung injury in vitro and in vivo. The aim of our study was to explore whether the vaporization of PFCs could reduce the severity of SD-ALI in canines and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Eighteen beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups: the seawater drowning (SW), perfluorocarbon (PFC), and control groups. The dogs in the SW group were intratracheally administered seawater to establish the animal model. The dogs in the PFC group were treated with vaporized PFCs. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) was performed at 3 h. The blood gas, volume air index (VAI), pathological changes, and wet-to-dry (W/D) lung tissue ratios were assessed. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes was determined by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunological histological chemistry. The SW group showed higher lung injury scores and W/D ratios, and lower VAI compared to the control group, and treatment with PFCs could reverse the change of lung injury score, W/D ratio and VAI. PFCs deactivated NLRP3 inflammasomes and reduced the release of caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) by enhancing the expression of HO-1 and NRF1. Our results suggest that the vaporization of PFCs could attenuate SD-ALI by deactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes via the HO-1/NRF1 pathway.
Evaluation of osteogenic properties of a novel injectable bone-repair material containing strontium in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Lishuang , Hou Sha , Xu Guangya , Gao Jingjing , Mu Junyu , Gao Min , He Jianrong , Su Xiaoyu , Yang Zheng , Liu Yi , Chen Tengzhuo , Dong Zhihong , Cheng Lijia , Shi Zheng
Published: April 2024

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of a novel injectable strontium-doped hydroxyapatite bone-repair material.

Methods: The properties of strontium-doped hydroxyapatite/chitosan (Sr-HA/CS), hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HA/CS) and calcium phosphate/chitosan (CAP/CS) were assessed following their preparation via physical cross-linking and a one-step simplified method. Petri dishes containing Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were inoculated with the material for in vitro investigations. The material was also co-cultured with stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), to assess the morphology and proliferation capability of the SHEDs, Calcein-AM staining and the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay were employed. Osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs was determined using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red staining. For in vivo studies, Sr-HA/CS was implanted into the muscle pouch of mice and in a rat model of ovariectomy-induced femoral defects. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to determine the extent of bone formation and defect healing. The formation of new bone was determined using Masson’s trichrome staining. The osteogenic mechanism of the material was investigated using Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemical studies.

Results: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed that strontium was successfully doped into HA. The Sr-HA/CS material can be uniformly squeezed using a syringe with a 13% swelling rate. Sr-HA/CS had a significant antibacterial effect against both E. coli and S. epidermidis (p < 0.05), with a stronger effect observed against E. coli. The Sr-HA/CS significantly improved cell proliferation and cell viability in vitro studies (p < 0.05). Compared to CAP/CS and CS, Sr-HA/CS generated a substantially greater new bone area during osteoinduction experiments (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). The Sr-HA/CS material demonstrated a significantly higher rate of bone repair in the bone defeat studies compared to the CAP/CS and CS materials (p < 0.01). The OCN-positive area and TRAP-positive cells in Sr-HA/CS were greater than those in control groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: A novel injectable strontium-doped HA bone-repair material with good antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity was successfully prepared.
Increasing lipid production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through genetic introduction for the overexpression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Authors: Shin Sung-Eun , Koh Hyun Gi , Park Kyungmoon , Park See-Hyoung , Chang Yong Keun , Kang Nam Kyu
Published: April 2024

Microalgae, valued for their sustainability and CO2 fixation capabilities, are emerging as promising sources of biofuels and high-value compounds. This study aimed to boost lipid production in C. reinhardtii by overexpressing chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a key enzyme in the Calvin cycle and glycolysis, under the control of a nitrogen-inducible NIT1 promoter, to positively impact overall carbon metabolism. The standout transformant, PNG#7, exhibited significantly increased lipid production under nitrogen starvation, with biomass rising by 44% and 76% on days 4 and 16, respectively. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in PNG#7 surged by 2.4-fold and 2.1-fold, notably surpassing the wild type (WT) in lipid productivity by 3.4 and 3.7 times on days 4 and 16, respectively. Transcriptome analysis revealed a tenfold increase in transgenic GAPDH expression and significant upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis, especially the gene encoding acyl-carrier protein gene (ACP, Cre13. g577100. t1.2). In contrast, genes related to cellulose synthesis were downregulated. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)/Indel analysis indicated substantial DNA modifications, which likely contributed to the observed extensive transcriptomic and phenotypic changes. These findings suggest that overexpressing chloroplast GAPDH, coupled with genetic modifications, effectively enhances lipid synthesis in C. reinhardtii. This study not only underscores the potential of chloroplast GAPDH overexpression in microalgal lipid synthesis but also highlights the expansive potential of metabolic engineering in microalgae for biofuel production.
Sympatric breeding occurrence of two call types of Evening Grosbeak in Western Wyoming
Authors: Duman Konshau W. , Hahn Thomas P.
Published: April 2024

The Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vesperitinus Cooper, 1825) is a species with multiple vocally distinct recognized groups known as call types. The range boundaries and degrees of overlap between these groups remain an area of continuing research. We report sympatric breeding occurrence of Evening Grosbeaks of call type 1 and call type 4 in the Jackson Hole area of Wyoming, and we show that these two call types have been overlapping in this region for at least 24 years. We also note a major increase in the local abundance of Evening Grosbeaks in 2023 compared to past years. These findings suggest that the range boundary between these two call types is relatively consistent at this short time scale, but it may fluctuate somewhat given changes in the proportions of the two types over this period. We detected both call types continuously through the 2023 breeding period in the Jackson Hole area, and we had breeding season detections of both types in the area in 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, and 2012. In 2023, a majority were the Pacific Northwest-centered type 1 while roughly a quarter were type 4 which is known from the Central Rockies. In 2023, we generally saw type 4 individuals alongside type 1 individuals, and both call types tended to cluster in the same areas though type 1 birds were frequently detected without any type 4s nearby. We most frequently encountered both types in Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) or Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) dominated forests through the June–July breeding season, and both were abundant in areas with Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.) or Serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. Ex M.Roem.) after the breeding season. Despite considerable survey effort, we could not detect either type north of Moran, WY. Describing this close overlap of call types with uncertain taxonomic status paves the way for further research investigating the potential for ecological and genetic isolation of the two groups in areas where mixed parentage is most possible.
Assessing the maturity of alternative construction materials and their potential impact on embodied carbon for single-family homes in the American Midwest
Authors: Ranganath Sindhuja , McCord Stephen , Sick Volker
Published: April 2024

This study presents a whole building life cycle assessment for a 265 m2 end-terrace home built in Michigan, United States. The study scrutinized the embodied carbon footprint of conventional construction materials, focusing on high-impact materials like concrete, steel, gypsum, paint, and insulation. Stages from raw material extraction to transportation and processing of the raw materials into finished products and transportation of finished products to the site are considered. The baseline materials contributed to approximately 28,450 kg CO2e, equivalent to 107.35 kg CO2e/m2. A notable reduction in the embodied carbon footprint, ranging from 19% to 39%, was observed by substituting with ‘like-for-like’ alternatives. However, the study highlighted challenges in shifting to low-embodied carbon materials, primarily due to limited market readiness and scalability of some eco-friendly options. The study also assessed the feasibility of these alternatives using the United States Department of Energy’s “Technology Readiness Level” framework, examining their current production capacity, estimating potential future demand, and identifying key development areas to meet net-zero carbon goals effectively. This comprehensive approach underscores the complexity of transitioning to low embodied-carbon building practices while balancing feasibility and environmental impact.
The hidden messengers: cancer associated fibroblasts—derived exosomal miRNAs as key regulators of cancer malignancy
Authors: Gou Zixuan , Li Jiannan , Liu Jianming , Yang Na
Published: April 2024

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a class of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a key role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemotherapy. CAFs mediate their activities by secreting soluble chemicals, releasing exosomes, and altering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Exosomes contain various biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. microRNA (miRNA), a 22–26 nucleotide non-coding RNA, can regulate the cellular transcription processes. Studies have shown that miRNA-loaded exosomes secreted by CAFs engage in various regulatory communication networks with other TME constituents. This study focused on the roles of CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs in generating cancer malignant characteristics, including immune modulation, tumor growth, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance. This study thoroughly examines miRNA’s dual regulatory roles in promoting and suppressing cancer. Thus, changes in the CAF-derived exosomal miRNAs can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients, and their specificity can be used to develop newer therapies. This review also discusses the pressing problems that require immediate attention, aiming to inspire researchers to explore more novel avenues in this field.
Green synthesis of (R)-3-hydroxy-decanoic acid and analogs from levoglucosenone: a novel access to the fatty acid moiety of rhamnolipids
Authors: Petracco Enzo , Flourat Amandine L. , Belhomme Marie-Charlotte , Castex Stéphanie , Brunissen Fanny , Brunois Fanny , Peru Aurélien A. M. , Allais Florent , Haudrechy Arnaud
Published: April 2024

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are highly valuable molecules in the cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and agricultural sectors with outstanding biosurfactant properties. In agriculture, due to their potential to artificially stimulate the natural immune system of crops (also known as elicitation), they could represent a critical substitute to conventional pesticides. However, their current synthesis methods are complex and not aligned with green chemistry principles, posing a challenge for their industrial applications. In addition, their bioproduction is cumbersome with reproducibility issues and expensive downstream processing. This work offers a more straightforward and green access to RLs, crucial to decipher their mechanisms of action and design novel potent and eco-friendly elicitors. To achieve this, we propose an efficient seven-step synthetic pathway toward (R)-3-hydroxyfatty acid chains present in RLs, starting from cellulose-derived levoglucosenone, with Michael addition, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, Bernet–Vasella reaction, and cross-metathesis homologation as key steps. This method allowed the production of (R)-3-hydroxyfatty acid chains and derivatives with an overall yield ranging from 24% to 36%.
Effective patient-provider communication in healthcare genetics: a concept analysis
Authors: Cotter Jennifer D. , Jones Karyn O. , Davis Stephanie C. , Baker Anna , Koci Anne , Boccuto Luigi
Published: April 2024

Effective communication of genetic testing results between healthcare providers and patients remains essential, but the concept generally lacks a precise definition. Since clinical genetic testing has increased dramatically in recent years, it is crucial to clarify the concept of effective communication as it pertains to patient-provider communication in healthcare genetics. The Walker and Avant methodology of concept analysis was used to operationalize the effective communication definition, along with the identification of associated characteristics and illustrative examples of the concept’s application. This refined definition informs communication in healthcare genetics practice and supports the development of future research methodologies for assessing the effectiveness of communication approaches in clinical genetics.
A potential research target for cardiac rehabilitation: brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Authors: Zou Jianpeng , Hao Shijie
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular diseases pose a major threat to human life, functional activity, and quality of life. Once the disease is present, patients can experience varying degrees of problems or limitations on three levels: physical, psychological, and social. Patients with cardiovascular disease are always at risk for adverse cardiac events, decreased physical activity, psychoemotional disturbances, and limited social participation due to their varying pathologies. Therefore, personalized cardiac rehabilitation is of great significance in improving patients’ physical and mental functions, controlling disease progression, and preventing deterioration. There is a consensus on the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in improving patients’ quality of life, enhancing functional activity, and reducing mortality. As an important part of cardiac rehabilitation, Exercise plays an irreplaceable role. Aerobic exercise, resistance training, flexibility training, and other forms of exercise are recommended by many experts. Improvements in exercise tolerance, lipid metabolism, cardiac function, and psychological aspects of the patients were evident with appropriate exercise interventions based on a comprehensive assessment. Further studies have found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor may be an important mediator of exercise's ability to improve cardiovascular health. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor exerts multiple biological effects on the cardiovascular system. This article provides another perspective on the cardiac effects of exercise and further looks at the prospects for the use of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cardiac rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the new idea that brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key mediator connecting the brain-cardiac axis is proposed in light of the current research progress, to provide new ideas for clinical rehabilitation and scientific research.
Development and validation of LCMM prediction algorithms to estimate recovery pattern of postoperative AKI in type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Wang Ya-peng , Tang Xinlong , Jiang Yi , Xue Yunxing , Wang Yali , Ding Qiuju , Chen Huimei , Wang Dongjin , Cheng YongQing , Ge Min , Zhou Qing
Published: April 2024

Background

Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a prevalent complication among patients with acute type A aortic dissection (aTAAD) for which unrecognized trajectories of renal function recovery, and their heterogeneity, may underpin poor success in identifying effective therapies.

Methods

This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study in a regional Great Vessel Center including patients undergoing aortic dissection surgery. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) recovery trajectories of PO-AKI were defined through the unsupervised latent class mixture modeling (LCMM), with an assessment of patient and procedural characteristics, complications, and early-term survival. Internal validation was performed by resampling.

Results

A total of 1,295 aTAAD patients underwent surgery and 645 (49.8%) developed PO-AKI. Among the PO-AKI cohort, the LCMM identified two distinct eGFR trajectories: early recovery (ER-AKI, 51.8% of patients) and late or no recovery (LNR-AKI, 48.2% of patients). Binary logistic regression identified five critical determinants regarding poor renal recovery, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) history, renal hypoperfusion, circulation arrest time, intraoperative urine, and myoglobin. LNR-AKI was associated with increased mortality, continuous renal replacement therapies, mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and hospital stay. The assessment of the predictive model was good, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69–0.76), sensitivity of 61.74%, and specificity of 75.15%. The internal validation derived a consistent average AUC of 0.73. The nomogram was constructed for clinicians' convenience.

Conclusion

Our study explored the PO-AKI recovery patterns among surgical aTAAD patients and identified critical determinants that help to predict individuals at risk of poor recovery of renal function.
A history of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice and population science
Authors: Sanghvi Mihir M. , Lima João A. C. , Bluemke David A. , Petersen Steffen E.
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become an invaluable clinical and research tool. Starting from the discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, this article provides a brief overview of the key developments that have led to CMR as it is today, and how it became the modality of choice for large-scale population studies.
The causal relationship between obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation: a study based on mediated Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Tianyu , Rong Li , Gao Yanlin , Cheng Wei
Published: April 2024

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that is associated with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Obesity and OSA may increase the risk of AF by affecting cardiovascular health.

Methods

The study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, combined with two-sample and multivariable analyses, to assess the relationships between obesity, OSA, and AF. The study utilized GWAS data and applied various statistical methods for the analysis.

Results

The study found that obesity increased the risk of OSA, which in turn significantly increased the risk of AF. Through mediating MR analysis, it was found that OSA played a certain role in the causal relationship between obesity and AF, with about 6.4% of the risk of AF being mediated by OSA.

Conclusion

This study highlights the relationships among obesity, OSA, and AF, providing useful guidance for future clinical researches.
Investigation of novel combination therapy for age-related macular degeneration on ARPE-19 cells
Authors: Dandamudi Madhuri , McLoughlin Peter , Behl Gautam , Coffey Lee , Chauhan Anuj , Kent David , Rani Sweta , Fitzhenry Laurence
Published: April 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative disease characterised by the gradual loss of central vision in individuals aged more than 50 years. There is currently no cure for this disease, but treatment can delay its progression. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of both new and cost-effective therapeutics. In this study, a novel combination of a corticosteroid and flavonoid was investigated on human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines to explore its potential pharmacological effect on AMD. Combination therapies, such as anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents combined with photodynamic therapy and anti-VEGF agents in conjunction with corticosteroids, have been utilized previously and are known to be effective. However anti-VEGF injections are associated with serious side effects and are costly. Various disease conditions associated with AMD were stimulated on human retinal cells, which were then exposed to different concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and quercetin (QCN) individually and in combination. This investigation aimed to assess their potential for the treatment of AMD. The combination of TA and QCN demonstrated a superior anti-inflammatory effect, as TA and QCN primarily act on different inflammatory signaling pathways. Furthermore, in terms of anti-VEGF activity, both drugs exert their effects through different mechanisms: QCN inhibits kinase pathways leading to the deactivation of VEGF receptors, whereas TA destabilises VEGF mRNA, resulting in increased suppression of VEGF-C with combination treatments. The anti-oxidant assay yielded similar outcomes, demonstrating a synergetic effect when treated with combination drugs. These findings collectively suggest TA and QCN as a promising combination therapy for targeting AMD with multiple pathological conditions.
Initial Upper Paleolithic in the Zagros Mountains
Authors: Shoaee Mohammad Javad , Vahdati Nasab Hamed , Storozum Michael , Frenzel Peter , Akhavan Kharazian Mohammad , Fernandes Ricardo , Hashemi Seyed Milad , Jayez Mozhgan , Amano Noel , Marzban Abbasabadi Behrokh , Aalipoor Mehdi , Lucas Mary , Marzo Sara , Ilgner Jana , Patalano Robert , Roberts Patrick , Boivin Nicole , Petraglia Michael
Published: April 2024

The Iranian Plateau and the Zagros Mountain chain, located at the crossroads of Africa and Eurasia, occupy a critical geographical position in out-of-Africa scenarios, sitting astride a major dispersal corridor into southern and central Asia. Yet, the region’s role in human population expansions remains under-investigated. Here, we present findings from new excavations at Pebdeh Cave, a site located in the southern zone of the Zagros Mountains. Pebdeh contained a well-defined layer dating to ∼42–40,000 years ago (ka), with Levallois elements alongside laminar reduction. This transitional feature in the Zagros was not dated and recorded before, and, given its similarity to Western and Central Asian industries with respect to chronology and technological features, we define it here as the Zagros Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP). Although Late Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper Paleolithic technologies have been identified in the Zagros in the time period ranging between 50 and 40 ka, suggesting the presence of Neanderthals and modern humans in the mountainous region, the overall abrupt and constrained chronology of the IUP at Pebdeh, together with the penecontemporaneous appearance of other Upper Paleolithic sites in the Zagros Mountains, is compatible with a population expansion of Homo sapiens rather than an autochthonous development.
Mapping urban heatwaves and islands: the reverse effect of Salento’s “white cities”
Authors: De Razza Stefano , Zanetti Carlo , De Marchi Massimo , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio
Published: April 2024

Extreme events related to climate change are increasing in intensity, frequency, and duration worldwide. Europe is identified as a heatwave hotspot, with trends three-to-four time faster than the northern mid-latitudes; effects of heatwaves are combined in urban contexts with the heat island phenomenon, making cities critical for climate risk prevention and management. Land surface temperature represents an essential parameter for assessing the intensity of thermal impact on urban ecosystems and on public health. This parameter is widely used to map and assess urban heat islands in light to support climate-resilient adaptation planning. The general aim of this study is to assess urban heat island intensity, during a significant heatwave, in a critical heat-related risk region in Southern Italy (Salento). Specific objectives are 1) assessing climate change trends for heat-related extremes (hot days and heatwaves), 2) calculating urban heat islands intensity at regional and urban scale, 3) assessing spatial relationships among thermal intensity and urban characteristics (soil sealing and surface albedo). Identification of heatwaves is based on climatological data and statistical analyses; spatial thermal analyses and correlations are based on Landsat-8 imagery while land cover data are derived from ortho-photos. Climate analyses show a notable increase of the maximum annual temperature of 0.5°C per decade, with an increase of eight hot days per decade. Spatial analyses on thermal impact highlight that urban heat island intensity is much lower within cities and towns than in rural areas, showing a “reverse effect” compared to the typical microclimatic characteristics of urban contexts. In fact, thermal intensity in the city of Lecce ranges from −11°C to 5.6°C. Also, by NDVI analyses, we found that permeable surfaces were 2°C higher than impermeable surfaces, with statistically significant differences. Results from albedo analysis suggest that the characteristics of building material in historical sectors of cities may play a crucial role in this “reverse effect” of urban heat islands. Further studies are required to better investigate the contribution of different factors in this context.
Perspectives on Fracture Liaison Service in Austria: clinical and economic considerations
Authors: Kocijan Roland , Haschka Judith , Kraus Daniel Arian , Pfender Aaron , Frank Stefan , Zwerina Jochen , Behanova Martina
Published: April 2024

Osteoporosis is a widespread disease and affects over 500,000 people in Austria. Fragility fractures are associated with it and represent not only an individual problem for the patients, but also an enormous burden for the healthcare system. While trauma surgery care is well provided in Vienna, there is an enormous treatment gap in secondary prevention after osteoporotic fracture. Systematic approaches such as the Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) aim to identify patients with osteoporosis after fracture, to clarify diagnostically, to initiate specific therapy, and to check therapy adherence. The aim of this article is to describe the practical implementation and operational flow of an already established FLS in Vienna. This includes the identification of potential FLS inpatients, the diagnostic workup, and recommendations for an IT solution for baseline assessment and follow-up of FLS patients. We summarize the concept, benefits, and limitations of FLS and provide prospective as well as clinical and economic considerations for a city-wide FLS, managed from a central location. Future concepts of FLS should include artificial intelligence for vertebral fracture detection and simple IT tools for the implementation of FLS in the outpatient sector.