bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malrotation presenting beyond infancy: a clinical study
Authors: T. Anil Balraj , Srinivas S. , Reddy K. Ramesh , G. Manisha Reddy , Inugala Anusiri
Published: September 2018

Background: Intestinal malrotation is a congenital anomaly that results from abnormal or incomplete rotation and fixation of midgut during embryonic development. This study was done at Niloufer Hospital and Institute for Women and Child Health, Hyderabad with an aim of evaluating the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and outcome of malrotation presenting beyond 1 year of lifeMethods: Overall 50 cases of malrotation presented to the department of pediatric surgery over a period of 2 year (April 2015 to April 2017). 12 patients of these 50 (12/50) whose age was above 1 year i.e. who were beyond infancy were studied in this studyResults: Out of the 12 patients, 6 were female and 6 were male. Age of patients ranged from 15 months to 13 years. Younger patients below 2 years commonly presented with typical symptoms of bilious vomiting and patients above 2 years of age presented with more varied and vague symptoms. 1/12 of patients presented with a poor general condition and succumbed during the course of treatmentConclusion: Small intestinal obstruction due to malrotation is relatively common in neonatal period. Malrotation beyond infancy is an uncommon diagnosis. Malrotation in grown up children usually is not suspected due to varied symptoms. High index of suspicion is needed as early intervention and treatment in the form of Ladds procedure can prevent any catastrophic events like volvulus and bowel ischemia.
Outcome of traumatic Extradural Hematoma (EDH) using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)
Authors: Prajapati Dixit V. , Shah Nimish J.
Published: September 2018

Background: Outcome in patient with EDH depends on various factors like GCS at presentation, Volume of hematoma, time of intervention, age, location of hematoma, etc. This study was carried out to find out correlation (if any) between outcome and various factors affecting it. Aim and objectives of this study were to study outcome of patients with traumatic EDH in terms of poor outcome (GOS score 1,2,3), Good outcome (GOS Score 4,5)Methods: This study was carried out in 91 patients having positive CT Head for EDH. Follow up was done every monthly up to 3 months. GOS was recorded at each follow up. Results: Road traffic accident was the most common mode of trauma. 16 patients were operated. Four patients died immediately after diagnosis of traumatic EDH, before doing any intervention. One patient died on 1st post-operative day. After one month, two patients were lost to follow up, 80 patients had GOS 5, four patients had GOS 4. At 2nd and 3rd month, 83 patients had GOS 5, one patient had GOS 4. 17 patients had GCS 3-8, among them, 11 patients had GOS 5, one patient had GOS 4 and five patients died (GOS 1). 15 patients had GCS 9-12, among them, 15 patients had GOS 5. 57 patients had GCS 13-15, among them, 54 patients had GOS 5. 69 patients had EDH volume <30 ml and all patients had GOS 5. 20 patients had EDH volume ≥30 ml, among them, 14 patients had GOS 5, one patient had GOS 4 and five patients died. Conclusions: GOS in EDH patient is affected by GCS and EDH volume at presentation. Lower GCS and larger EDH volume have poor outcome. Surgical intervention in larger EDH volume improves outcome.
The role of diagnostic laparoscopy versus ultrasonography and computerized tomography abdomen for chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa pain
Authors: Ahmed Yaser , Dar Manzoor Ahmad , R. K. Chrungoo , Gulzar Uzma
Published: September 2018

Background: Chronic right iliac fossa pain (RIF) is a grey area in surgery. No guidelines are available on the best therapeutic approach. Published data are sparse and limited to small series.  Objective of this study was to study the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in chronic / recurrent right iliac fossa pain and to study role of diagnostic laparoscopy versus ultrasonography and computerized tomography abdomen for chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa painMethods: This study was conducted in fifty patients with a history of right iliac fossa pain for duration of three or more months. Each patient was subjected to USG and CT scan. Their findings were compared with findings of diagnostic laparoscopy.Results: Diagnostic accuracy of USG in detecting chronic appendicitis and intra-abdominal pathology as a cause of chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa pain was 66% with sensitivity 75%, specificity 60% and 46% with sensitivity 39.5%, specificity 85.5%. Diagnostic accuracy of CT in detecting chronic appendicitis and intra-abdominal pathology as a cause of chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa pain was 88% with sensitivity 80%, specificity 93.33% and 46% with sensitivity 41.86%, specificity 71.43%. The accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy in diagnosing chronic/recurrent Appendicitis was 96% with sensitivity 95%; specificity 96.67%; PPV 95%; NPV 96.67%. The overall accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy in diagnosing chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa pain was 96% with sensitivity 97.67%; specificity 85.71%; PPV 97.67%; NPV 85.71%.Conclusions: CT is better than USG in diagnosing various intra-abdominal pathologies as causes of chronic/recurrent right iliac fossa pain. More ever, it was evident that diagnostic laparoscopy is even better than the above mentioned modalities.
Study of persistent post laparoscopic cholecystectomy symptoms: a 6 month long follow up of 62 patients
Authors: Soitkar Sagar , Saxena Divish , Wasnik Nitin , Akhtar Murtaza
Published: September 2018

Background: Majority of patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease is either cured or show improvement in their pre-operative symptoms. However, in few patients these preoperative symptoms may still persist and may continue to bother them even after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate and manage these patients with persistent post cholecystectomy symptoms.Methods: 62 patients of diagnosed symptomatic cholelithiasis had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy at a tertiary care hospital. They were evaluated with a questionnaire both before and; 3 months and 6 months after surgery. The symptoms present pre-operatively and the symptoms that persisted after laparoscopic cholecystectomy or emergence of any new symptoms were taken into consideration.Results: Out of 62 operated patients, 38 patients (61.3%) were relieved of their symptoms after cholecystectomy on follow up after 3 months whereas 24 patients (38.7%) had persistence of their symptoms. However, at 6 months follow up 16 out of these 24 patients showed improvement of their symptoms. Pain in right hypochondrium and non-specific dyspepsia were the commonest symptoms that were persistent. Thus, in this study 54 (87.1%) patients had complete relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and were satisfied with the treatment and in 08 (12.90%) patients the symptoms were not relieved.Conclusions: All the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be evaluated in detail regarding their symptoms, psychiatric illnesses and be investigated thoroughly so as not to miss any other organic cause for their symptoms and should be counseled regarding persistence of their symptoms even after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A comparative study of on-lay and sub-lay mesh repair of ventral wall hernias in a tertiary health care centre
Authors: B. L. Dharmendra , N. Vijaykumar
Published: September 2018

Background: Ventral hernia is a common occurrence in abdominal surgeries and an important source of morbidity. A wide spectrum of surgical techniques have been developed, ranging from suturing techniques to various types of prosthetic mesh repair. Use of mesh repair technique showed a reduced number of postoperative complications and recurrence compared with other techniques. The exact technique of mesh repair is still debated. The purpose of this study was to compare the traditional on‑lay mesh and sublay mesh placement in ventral hernia repairs in terms of time taken for surgery, duration of drainage after surgery, early complication and delayed complications.Methods: This is a prospective study which was conducted in the surgical department of our hospital. A total of 50 cases were included in this study. Of these cases, 25 cases were operated by the on‑lay mesh method and 25 by sublay mesh placement.Results: The operative time for sublay mesh placement was significantly higher than that of on‑lay mesh repair, whereas, the duration of post-operative suction drainage was significantly lower in case of the sublay group. Occurrence of complications like superficial surgical site infection and seroma formation were statistically insignificant in both the study groups, although frequency of complications was lesser in the sublay group. The recurrence rate was found to be 12% in on‑lay mesh repair and 8%in sublay(retro‑rectus) mesh repair.Conclusions: Sublay mesh repair is a better method than onlay repair with respect to the duration of the post-operative suction drainage. A lower rate of complications and a lower rate of recurrence was seen in the sublay mesh repair group.
Open reduction and internal fixation of paediatric mandibular fracture: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Mahipathy Surya Rao Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Jesudasan James Solomon , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Ramachandran Manimaran , Natarajan Praveen Ganesh
Published: September 2018

The type of craniomaxillofacial fractures in children and young adults varies with evolving skeletal anatomy and social and environmental factors. The general principles of treating mandibular fractures are common for children and adults: Anatomic reduction along with rigid skeletal stabilization is mandatory until bone union has occurred. Here we present a female child with a road traffic accident presenting with fractures of the right parasymphysis and the left angle of the mandible with significant displacement. Open reduction and internal fixation with stainless steel miniplates and screws was done, with good post-operative recovery.
A case of Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Authors: Ramesh Kanumury , Manvi Paruchuri Naga
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT:Angiomyolipomas also referred to as renal hamartoma is a benign lesion.They are either sporadic or associated with syndromes like tuberous sclerosis. Here we present a case of 58yrs old male patient, who presented with left sided abdominal pain for 1month.On examination over face Adenoma Sebaceum was present.Ultrasound abdomen and contrast enhanced computed tomography showed bilateral renal angiomyolipoma with aneurysm over left side.On plain computed tomography of head subependymal calcifications were present.Left Nephrectomy was done and histopathology revealed Angiomyolipoma.
A case of papillary thyroid cancer with soft tissue metastasis
Authors: Stephen Jayan , Thomas Mebin B. , Thomas Mathew B.
Published: September 2018

Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid malignancy, and although metastatic spread is typically confined to regional lymph nodes, there are rare documented cases of distant spread of disease. Distant metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer are unusual; lung and bones are the most frequently affected sites. Soft tissue metastases are extremely rare. Here we present an unusual case of soft tissue metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer to skeletal muscle. Soft tissue metastasis is rarely seen in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma, although generally clinically indolent, may occasionally develop distant metastases and even manifest itself as a metastatic tumour.
A rare case of fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue of axilla: case report
Authors: Amir Mohammad , K. Aravind , Shaikh Haafiza
Published: September 2018

Developmental abnormalities of breast can lead to formation of ectopic breast tissue which may present as polymastia or polythelia or in form of swelling along the milk line. Ectopic breast tissue can also develop pathological changes similar to normal located breast tissue. This report is about a case of fibroadenoma developing in ectopic breast tissue of axilla. A thirty-four-year-old female presented with painful swelling in right axilla for 2 years and was diagnosed with fibroadenoma of axillary tail of right breast. Excision biopsy of the swelling confirmed the diagnosis of fibroadenoma. Fibroadenoma must be considered for any axillary swelling along with other differential diagnoses like lymphadenopathy, carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue, lipoma, sebaceous cyst, tuberculosis, vascular lesions, cutaneous malignancies or secondaries in lymph nodes. Ectopic breast tissue should be subjected to similar evaluation and screening as is recommended for normally located breast tissue. The patient should also be evaluated for possibility of kidney and urinary tract malformations.
Comparative analysis of stochastic optimization algorithms for image registration
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Severniy Venets 32, Ulyanovsk, Russia, 432027, Voronov Sergey , Voronov Ilya ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Severniy Venets 32, Ulyanovsk, Russia, 432027, Kovalenko Roman ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Severniy Venets 32, Ulyanovsk, Russia, 432027
Published: September 2018

This work is devoted to comparative experimental analysis of different stochastic optimization algorithms for image registration in spatial domain: stochastic gradient descent, Momentum, Nesterov momentum, Adagrad, RMSprop, Adam. Correlation coefficient is considered as the objective function. Experiments are performed on synthetic data generated via wave model with different noise-to-signal ratio.
Gait analysis for person recognition using principal component analysis and support vector machines
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34, Samara, Russia, 443086, Strukova Olga , Shiripova Lubov ,   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34, Samara, Russia, 443086, Myasnikov Evgeny ,   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34, Samara, Russia, 443086
Published: September 2018

The paper is devoted to the problem of the recognition of a person by gait using a video recorded in the optical range. The method proposedin this paper consists in the detectionof a moving person on a video sequence with the subsequent size normalization and dimensionality reduction using the principal component analysis technique. The person classification was carried out using the support vector machine. The experimental studies performed using the CASIA GAIT dataset allowed us to determine the best values of the method parameters. The obtained results showed that with a small number of classes, high classification accuracy canbe achieved.
On the Problem of Development of Methods and Algorithms Based on the Object-Oriented Logic Programming for Intelligent Video Monitoring of Laboratory Rats
Authors:   Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Mokhovaya str. 11-7, Moscow, Russia, 125009, Morozov Alexei , Sushkova Olga ,   Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, Mokhovaya str. 11-7, Moscow, Russia, 125009
Published: September 2018

The problem of the video monitoring the laboratory rats by the means of the object-oriented logic programming is considered. The main task of the video monitoring is the analysis of the behavior of the animals in cognitive testing. An essential feature of the video records is in that the experiments are conducted in the same cage where the animal lives, that is, the background of the cage is sawdust. The color of the animals is about the same as the color of the sawdust; thus the detection of the animals is not a simple task. An additional difficulty is in that the videos were recorded simultaneously with electroencephalograms (EEG) in the animals; thus the head of the rat is connected with EEG cable that moves and causes false detections of recognition algorithms. In the paper, development of low-level algorithms for video analysis as well as logical methods for the analysis of the animal behavior is discussed. The methods and algorithms are implemented in the Actor Prolog object-oriented logic language.
Investigation of hyperspectral image pixel signatures by the empirical mode decomposition method
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950, Pahomov Pavel , Borusyak Alexander ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950, Turlapov Vadim ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarin Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 603950
Published: September 2018

The signature of hyperspectral image (HSI) pixels and their decomposition into empirical modes (EM) and low-frequency residuals are investigated. On the basis of estimates related to the EM-decomposition method, the possibility of switching from a 2-byte representation of the values of the HIS-signature to a 1-byte one is examined using the example of the Moffett Field from the AVIRIS spectrometer. It is revealed that the localization of the minimum window sizes for the first EM is correlated with the localization of the significant influence of the atmosphere; the first low-frequency residues have a fairly high correlation coefficient with the signature and the first 2 of them and their EM are most interesting for use; 50 of the 224 HIS-channels are noisy and can be excluded from consideration; EM with practically no loss of accuracy can be reduced to a 1-byte representation. The management of the classification capabilities of signatures by changing the threshold value of the correlation coefficient with the sample, as well as the application of the 1st and 2nd low-frequency residues in place of the signature, was studied. Classification capabilities of signatures in a 1-byte representation are almost equivalent to a 2-byte one, which makes it possible to put a signature with 1-byte representation as the object of compression. For the wavelet decomposition of the HSI data array, in combination with a 1-byte representation, a nearlossless compression ratio of 6.65 is obtained.
The technology of correction of dynamic distortions on mobile devices
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34, Samara, Russia, 443086, Fatkhutdinova Elvira , Fursov Vladimir ,   Samara National Research University, Moskovskoe Shosse 34, Samara, Russia, 443086,   Image Processing Systems Institute - Branch of the Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Molodogvardeyskaya str. 151, Samara, Russia, 443001
Published: September 2018

We propose the technology of image correction in mobile devices based on the use of a parametric FIR filter. The filter is constructed using a frequency response specified in the form of a parametric family of centrally symmetric frequency characteristics. A model of a one-dimensional frequency response is used in the form of segments of three functions: parabola, constant, and exponential function. Within the framework of the proposed filter model, a mobile application has been created that implements two tuning schemes: identification of the filter parameters from the reference image and adjustment without a reference. Besides, it is possible to vary the frequency response parameter characterizing the mid-range interval, which provides additional possibilities for adjusting the quality of the recovery. An example of processing test images is given.
3D image combination in aviation computer vision systems
Authors:   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Gagarina 59/1, Ryazan, Russia, 390005, Novikov Anatoly , Efimov Aleksey ,   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Gagarina 59/1, Ryazan, Russia, 390005, Kolchaev Dmitry ,   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, Gagarina 59/1, Ryazan, Russia, 390005
Published: September 2018

The relevance of 3D image formation in computer vision systems being applied in aviation is caused by the need to solve many problems using helicopter and unmanned aviation. These problems include mounting of various technical installations with the help of helicopter, rescue mission in complex terrain as well as landing helicopter on unknown sites. The work considers the possibility to use two alternative methods to form 3D images of the underlying surface from the sequence of 2D images obtained with the help of stereo pair placed on aircraft. The first method is based on applying the algorithm of flat image combination to three-dimensional case with the help of homography matrix. The mathematical apparatus developed for the case of flat homography with arbitrary number of key points is generalized to a three-dimensional case. Homography matrix takes into account all kinds of point cloud deformations (shift, rotation, scale change) and allows to obtain the final solution in one step. The second method of point cloud combination is based on applying an iterative procedure to sequentially refine the transformation of one point cloud into the other. In every iteration the key points are found using FAST algorithm. Correspondence between them is established using non-dense optical flow algorithm, optimum estimate of rotation matrix is found in accordance with Kabsch algorithm.
MODELING OF A NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR WITH COLLISIONS
Authors: Narozhnov V. V.
Published: September 2018

In present work the equation of the oscillator with collisions, which is described under the Hertz contact theory is solved numerically. The computational experiment showed that on the overall oscillations, excited by an external force, are imposed the damped oscillations at a higher frequency, which correspond to elastic collisions of the oscillator. Wavelet transform of the numerical solution of oscillator equation and the experimental results obtained with the measuring stand was performed. Wavelet analysis of complex acoustic signals allows to detect small-scale features that are important for the interpretation of the experiment.
EQUATIONS OF STATE OF A SOLID BODY WITH A REDUCED DERIVATIVE RIEMANN — LIOUVILLE
Authors: Mamchuev M. O.
Published: September 2018

Two equations of state of a solid with the use of the fractional Riemann Liouville derivative are obtained. Both equations are low-parametric (without involving a large number of adjustable parameters). In the proposed approach, the main task is to determine the parameters of the equation from the experimental data of the phase diagrams of the investigated substances.
Badanie jakości życia w mieście. Doświadczenia i postulaty badawcze
Authors: Piróg Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Celem artykułu jest postawienie wyprowadzonych na podstawie zdobytych do­świadczeń badawczych postulatów dotyczących projektowania i realizacji socjologicznych studiów miejskich związanych z tematyką jakości życia. Prezentowane postulaty odnoszą się do konceptu­alizacji i operacjonalizacji problematyki badawczej, opracowania i standaryzacji narzędzia badaw­czego, zapewnienia zasobów do prowadzenia badań w sposób cykliczny, zapewnienia reprezenta­tywnych metod doboru próby, a także zaangażowania głównych interesariuszy w proces badawczy i informowania ich o wynikach. Przedstawiono także spodziewane rezultaty i efekty podejmowania badań nad jakością życia w mieście.
Kto wdraża budżet obywatelski, a kto nie? Porównanie wielkopolskich gmin pod kątem zamożności oraz poziomu aktywności społecznej
Authors: Jeran Agnieszka , Matczak Piotr , Mączka Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Jednym z dyskutowanych aspektów partycypacji obywateli w zarządzaniu na poziomie lokalnym są procedury określane mianem budżetowania partycypacyjnego czy częściej – budżetów obywatelskich. Istotą partycypacji jest dialog władz lokalnych z obywatelami w zakresie redystrybucji zasobów publicznych, chociaż redystrybucja i alokacja to tylko jedna z licznych funkcji, jakie pełnią budżety obywatelskie w jednostkach samorządowych. W Polsce budżety obywatelskie są wdrażane coraz powszechniej, a analizy ich dotyczące mają często charakter studiów przypadku. W przedstawionym badaniu podjęto problem nie tyle samych wdrożeń, co zróżnicowania gmin w Wielkopolsce, które podejmują decyzję o wdrożeniu budżetu obywatelskiego. Główne pytania badawcze dotyczyły następujących kwestii: (1) Czy istnieje istotna różnica w zamożności gmin wdrażających i niewdrażających? oraz (2) Czy istnieje istotna różnica w aktywności społecznej w gminach wdrażających i niewdrażających? Wyniki analiz prowadzą do wskazania, że o ile w zamożności gmin nie zidentyfikowano różnic, o tyle gminy wdrażające budżet obywatelski charakteryzują się wyższą aktywnością społeczną. Budżety obywatelskie, przynajmniej w Wielkopolsce, można zatem uznać za sposób wspierania aktywności w tych gminach, w których obywatele już są aktywni, nie zaś za sposób ich aktywizacji.
INFLUENCE OF LOW OXYGEN CONDITION OF BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL
Authors: Setyowardoyo Nugroho
Published: September 2018

The state of low oxygen levels known as hypoxia in humans is considered a dangerous condition is apparently a normal physiological condition and required by the stem cells as they are in the body. Mesencyimal Stem Cells (MSCs) require physiologically optimal conditions of low O2 tension of 1-3% in the bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to reveal the difference between in vitro culture of MSC in normoxia condition (20% O 2 concentration) with hypoxia condition (1% O2 content) especially in terms of viability, pluripotent properties, and MSC proliferation ability of the culture it produces. This research is an explorative laboratory research invitro on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) culture using hypoxia condition. The study design used Randomized Control Group Post-Test Only Design. This research was conducted for 2 months. There was a significant difference in mean slow proliferation based on the number of Least-like CFU-Cs between the control group, treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, the mean percentage of the number of cells expressing the OCT4 coding gene on immunofluorosense examination between the control group, 1 and the treatment group 2 and the mean percentage of cell numbers expressing the OCT4 coding gene on the immunofluorosense examination between the control group, the treatment group 1 and the treatment group 2 showing p <0.01. There was a significant difference of percentage of non-absorbing color cell number of trypsin blue (viable cells) between control group, treatment group 1, and treatment group 2 showing p value <0.05. This suggests that the precondition of culture with normoxia provides an opportunity for cells to adapt and proliferate before being conditioned in hypoxic cultures. Cultures with hypoxic conditions and preconditions of normoxia are the best culture conditions because they produce cells that are capable of maintaining pluripotency properties while still having better proliferation and viability capability compared with direct hypoxia conditions.Keywords: Hypoxia, normoxia, bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells.
The Mother of All Pandemics Is 100 Years Old (and Going Strong)!
Authors: Morens David M. , Taubenberger Jeffery K.
Published: September 2018

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the deadliest event in human history. In 1918–1919, pandemic influenza appeared nearly simultaneously around the globe and caused extraordinary mortality (an estimated 50–100 million deaths) associated with unexpected clinical and epidemiological features. The descendants of the 1918 virus remain today; as endemic influenza viruses, they cause significant mortality each year.

Although the ability to predict influenza pandemics remains no better than it was a century ago, numerous scientific advances provide an important head start in limiting severe disease and death from both current and future influenza viruses: identification and substantial characterization of the natural history and pathogenesis of the 1918 causative virus itself, as well as hundreds of its viral descendants; development of moderately effective vaccines; improved diagnosis and treatment of influenza-associated pneumonia; and effective prevention and control measures.

Remaining challenges include development of vaccines eliciting significantly broader protection (against antigenically different influenza viruses) that can prevent or significantly downregulate viral replication; more complete characterization of natural history and pathogenesis emphasizing the protective role of mucosal immunity; and biomarkers of impending influenza-associated pneumonia.
“Spanish Flu”: When Infectious Disease Names Blur Origins and Stigmatize Those Infected
Authors: Hoppe Trevor
Published: September 2018

Despite not originating in Spain, the 1918 influenza pandemic is commonly known as the “Spanish flu”—a name that reflects a tendency in public health history to associate new infectious diseases with foreign nationals and foreign countries. Intentional or not, an effect of this naming convention is to communicate a causal relationship between foreign populations and the spread of infectious disease, potentially promoting irrational fear and stigma.

I address two relevant issues to help contextualize these naming practices. First is whether, in an age of global hyperinterconnectedness, fear of the other is truly irrational or has a rational basis. The empirical literature assessing whether restricting global airline travel can mitigate the global spread of modern epidemics suggests that the role of travel may be overemphasized. Second is the persistence of xenophobic responses to infectious disease in the face of contrary evidence. To help explain this, I turn to the health communication literature.

Scholars argue that promoting an association between foreigners and a particular epidemic can be a rhetorical strategy for either promoting fear or, alternatively, imparting a sense of safety to the public.
“Pay for Success” Projects: Financing Interventions That Address Social Determinants of Health in 20 Countries
Authors: Iovan Samantha , Lantz Paula M. , Shapiro Shoshana
Published: September 2018

Over the past eight years, there has been an increase in the use of pay for success (PFS) as a financing tool whereby private investors provide initial funding for preventive health and human service interventions. If an independent evaluator deems the interventions successful, investors are repaid by the government.

To better understand how PFS is used, we created a global landscape surveillance system to track and analyze data on all PFS projects that have launched through 2017. We focus on the potential for PFS to improve population health by funding interventions that target the social determinants of health.

Our findings show that all launched projects to date have implemented interventions aimed at improving the structural and intermediary social determinants of health, primarily in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Although there are some challenges associated with PFS, we believe it is a promising tool for financing interventions aimed at social determinants of health in underserved and marginalized populations.
Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Among American Indian and Alaska Native Women, Indian Health Service, 2001–2015
Authors: Apostolou Andria , Chapman Christina , Person Marissa , Kreisel Kristen , McCollum Jeffrey
Published: September 2018

Objectives. To describe trends in rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) encounters among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women aged 15 to 44 years in the United States receiving care within the Indian Health Service (IHS).

Methods. We analyzed IHS discharge data sets for PID encounters during 2001 to 2015 with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis codes. We calculated rates of PID encounters per 100 000 women overall and stratified by age group, region, and health care setting. We used regression to identify trends in the total, annual, and average annual percent changes in the rate of PID encounters.

Results. There were 44 042 PID encounters during 2001 to 2015 (rate = 825 per 100 000). The highest rates were among women aged 20 to 24 years (1104) and from the Alaska region (1556). Rates significantly decreased overall (2001: 1084; 2015: 512; P < .001) and within all age groups and health care settings. There was variability in Alaska, with large increases during 2001 to 2010 followed by large decreases during 2010 to 2015.

Conclusions. We observed decreasing trends in PID encounters among AI/AN women aged 15 to 44 years during 2001 to 2015, with the exception of increases in the Alaska region.
Early Child Development, Residential Crowding, and Commute Time in 8 US States, 2010–2017
Authors: Block Eryn Piper , Zimmerman Frederick J. , Aguilar Efren , Stanley Lisa , Halfon Neal
Published: September 2018

Objectives. To examine relationships of residential crowding and commute time with early child development.

Methods. We used the Early Development Instrument (EDI), a teacher-reported, population-health measure of child development. The sample included child-level observations spanning 8 US states from 2010 to 2017 (n = 185 012), aggregated to the census tract (n= 2793), stratified by percentage of households in poverty. To test the association of commute times, crowding, and child development, we tested overall readiness and 5 EDI domains by using adjusted census tract–level multivariate regression with fixed effects.

Results. In the full sample, a 1-standard-deviation increase in crowding was associated with 0.064- and 0.084-point decreases in mean score for cognitive development and communication skills, respectively. For the high-poverty subsample, a 1-standard deviation increase in commute time was associated with 0.081- and 0.066-point decreases in social competence and emotional maturity.

Conclusions. In neighborhoods with increased crowding or commute time, early child development suffers.

Policy Implications. This study suggests a potential relationship between the changing urban landscape and child health. Children would benefit from more multisector collaboration between urban planning and public health.
Three Metaphors to Aid Interdisciplinary Dialogue in Public Health
Authors: Collyer Taya A.
Published: September 2018

Within this journal, authors have recently called for or discussed the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration. However, in practice such collaborations are extremely challenging, and little guidance is available to support researchers’ efforts to communicate with colleagues from other disciplines.

This article presents three metaphors from the sociology of scientific knowledge that can inform and support consideration and discussion of disciplinary issues. Disciplinary training acts as a “flashlight,” highlighting certain features of reality and leaving others in shadow. Our disciplinary sense of normal science is the metaphorical “box” into which we hope nature will fit, determining the manner in which we advance the frontier by recognizing the familiar in the unfamiliar. Finally, scientific training is a “lens” through which the world is perceived and understood.

In interdisciplinary and some multidisciplinary contexts, researchers are encouraged to (1) identify the set of fundamental concepts underpinning their approach to public health, (2) discuss methodological choices in terms that do not depend on familiarity with a common tradition of research excellence, and (3) maintain awareness that colleagues from other fields potentially hold different understandings of key public health concepts.
Better Prepare Than React: Reordering Public Health Priorities 100 Years After the Spanish Flu Epidemic
Authors: Greenberger Michael
Published: September 2018

This commentary argues that 100 years after the deadly Spanish flu, the public health emergency community’s responses to much more limited pandemics and outbreaks demonstrate a critical shortage of personnel and resources. Rather than relying on nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as quarantine, the United States must reorder its health priorities to ensure adequate preparation for a large-scale pandemic.
The Teacher Academic Buoyancy Scale: Is it possible to keep TABS on students' academic buoyancy?
Authors: VERRİER Diarmuid , JOHNSON Scott , REİDY Lisa
Published: September 2018

Academic buoyancy (AB) is the ability to
overcome minor academic setbacks. However, although it seems as though teachers
would be well placed to comment on this characteristic in students, no
teacher-report measure of AB exists. This study evaluates a teacher-report
version of the widely used, student-report, Academic Buoyancy Scale (ABS).
Confirmatory factor analysis supported the unifactorial nature of the Teacher
Academic Buoyancy Scale (TABS), and the scale showed excellent internal
reliability. However, while there was some evidence for the criterion-related
validity of the TABS, it showed very poor convergent validity with the ABS. It
also correlated better with academic achievement than should theoretically be
the case for a measure of AB.  Further, AB
estimates from the two measures were moderated by demographic characteristics:
teachers rated girls and those not facing adversity as more buoyant, but the
opposite was the case for self-reports. In sum, this study suggests a
significant disjunction between teacher- and self-reports of AB, and that
teacher estimates of AB are likely to be affected by salient, non-AB-related,
student characteristics.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E GÊNERO: O BENEFICIO DA ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NA FABRICAÇÃO DE PRODUDOS PROCESSADOS NAS COZINHAS COMUNITÁRIAS
Authors: Araújo Alcione Lino de , Rodrigues Bethânia Ávila , Telles Leomara Batisti , Vaz Mônica Cristine Scherer , Bittencourt Juliana Vitória Messias
Published: September 2018

A Associação das Colônias fornece produtos processados-panificação para a Secretaria Municipal de Educação na cidade de Castro – PR, atendendo aos requisitos da Nutricionista para que esse produto seja servido na merenda escolar das escolas tanto da zona urbana quanto da zona rural. O presente estudo objetiva discutir a contribuição das organizações solidárias da agricultura familiar para autonomia feminina na agricultura familiar. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio da análise das planilhas de produção, onde se teve acessibilidade aos dados referentes ao ano de 2012 e 2013. Como resultado verificou-se que, a partir do trabalho na Associação das Colônias as mulheres estabeleceram relações importantes entre elas, levando à sua visibilidade e identidade, por meio da profissionalização e consequentes melhoria da qualidade de vida por meio de conquistas materiais. Isso promoveu sua inserção no espaço público, extrapolando o espaço privado. Ressalta-se também a importância do incentivo e produção de produtos regionais, trazendo resultados não mensuráveis de imediato, como geração de riqueza e desenvolvimento tecnológico. As fragilidades destacadas estão associadas à falta de planejamento estratégico e do conhecimento de ferramentas básicas de gestão e economia, ainda sem autonomia para gerenciar o processo completo e desconhecimento da margem de lucro e ponto de equilíbrio.
ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE FABRICAÇÃO DE UMA INDÚSTRIA DE SINALIZAÇÃO VIÁRIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO USANDO SIMULAÇÃO
Authors: Dias Lucas Segateli Demarchi , Berghauser Neron Alípio Cortes , Dos Santos José Airton Azevedo
Published: September 2018

Atualmente, o ambiente globalizado e altamente competitivo impõe as empresas dois grandes desafios: a otimização dos recursos e a redução dos custos. Portanto, é de grande importância que as empresas busquem por melhorias constantes em seus processos de produção. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar técnicas de simulação computacional na análise do processo de fabricação de tachas em uma indústria de sinalização viária. Um modelo do tipo dinâmico, discreto e estocástico foi implementado no software de simulação JaamSim, distribuído sob licença livre. Resultados de simulação demonstraram que a redução de um funcionário, no processo de produção, praticamente não altera o tempo de produção das tachas.
AVALIAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE REFRIGERAÇÃO OPERANDO COM CONTROLE DE PRESSÃO DE CONDENSAÇÃO VARIÁVEL
Authors: Chaves Flávia Villar , Filho Alex Sandro Roig Souza , Barroso Gabriel Ferreira , Ferreira Luis Goularte , Acunha Jr Ivoni , Galarça Marcelo Moraes
Published: September 2018

A utilização de soluções em eficiência energética pode favorecer empresas pela redução de seus custos comenergia elétrica, tornando-as cada vez mais competitivas.Este trabalho apresenta aavaliação do consumo energético de um sistema frigorífico que conta com um sistema de controle de vazão de ar no condensador evaporativo. Este sistema implementado opera com pressões de condensação variáveis, ajustando a vazão de ar à necessidade e performance do sistema de refrigeração. Para avaliação foram utilizados os conceitos previstos na norma ABNT NBR ISO 50001. Foram realizadas análises dos dados de consumo, através de correlações com variáveis que são parte do processo de geração de frio. Como resultado principal observou-se uma redução de consumo total mensal aproximado de 27% com a implementação do sistema de controle.
ESTIMATIVA DO DIÂMETRO DAS GOTÍCULAS RESULTANTES DO BLOWOUT DE UM POÇO DE PETRÓLEO – ESTUDO DE SENSIBILIDADE
Authors: Junior Jader Lugon , Paiva Pedro Mello , Da Silva Neto Antônio José
Published: September 2018

O blowout de um poço de petróleo lança hidrocarbonetos para o ambiente marinho sob a forma de gotículas de óleo e bolhas de gás. Como foi possível observar no acidente da Deepwater Horizon, no Golfo do México, em 2010, parâmetros como a profundidade do vazamento, as propriedades físico-químicas do óleo, as correntes oceânicas e a dimensão das gotículas de óleo, podem impor deslocamentos horizontais significativos à pluma. O diâmetro das gotículas é fator de extrema relevância para as simulações da trajetória da pluma em subsuperfície. Porém, é um parâmetro muito difícil de ser estimado. Este trabalho é relativo a um estudo de caso empregando o módulo Water da plataforma MOHID (MOdelagem HIDrodinâmica) na região da Bacia de Campos, sendo gerados e analisados os resultados das soluções lagrangianas de vazamentos de óleo em águas profundas, para cenários de diferentes diâmetros de gotículas. Utilizando uma análise de sensibilidade, o espalhamento da mancha de óleo foi identificado como uma possível variável para estimativa do diâmetro das gotículas.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE BIOSSENSOR EM MICROSCÓPIO DE FORÇA ATÔMICA PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO EM MATRIZES AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Vianna Monica Santana , Flores Jhonny Huertas , Dos Santos Susane Vieira , Torres João Paulo Machado , Neto Antônio José da Silva
Published: September 2018

A preocupação com os níveis de agrotóxicos no meio ambiente têm motivado grupos de pesquisa no mundo inteiro a aperfeiçoar as metodologias para a sua determinação em diferentes amostras. A necessidade de metodologias analíticas mais simples tem impulsionado o desenvolvimento de sensores biológicos desde a década de 1980/90, sendo que a presença dos interferentes tem limitado suas aplicações. Os biossensores em plataforma de Microscópios de Força Atômica (MFA) permitem o controle das condições do meio para a resposta mais adequada à presença do compostos de interesse e medidas de espectroscopia de força e imagem pontuais que permitem a medição de interações moleculares. O objetivo deste trabalho é definir as condições para a imobilização da albumina bovina sérica (BSA) e para a medida de sua interação com a molécula de glifosato. A metodologia consiste na definição das condições para a complexação na presença de interferentes: conformação mais adequada da molécula do sensor e forma química do analito). Os métodos de espectroscopia de fluorescência foram adotados para os estudos de formação de complexos BSA-glifosato. Os espectros de fluorescência da BSA evidenciaram a complexação com o herbicida na razão estequiométrica 1:1 sob condições específicas de pH e força iônica definidas em modelo empírico. A espectroscopia de força realizada com ponteira de nitrato de silício funcionalizada com BSA evidenciaram interações moleculares significativas com o herbicida. Os ensaios baseados na fluorescência intrínseca da BSA foram eficientes para definir as condições de imobilização do sensor e de medida de força da interação BSA-glifosato com vistas à aplicação em amostras com presença de interferentes. As medidas de espectroscopia de força confirmaram as condições experimentais para realizar a validação do biossensor.
DESAFIOS NA CONSTRUÇÃO CURRICULAR EM EAD: A FORMAÇÃO DE GESTORES ESCOLARES
Authors: Westphal Ezequiel , Ferreira Antônio
Published: September 2018

A finalidade desse artigo é demonstrar a discussão de uma proposta curricular implementada para cursos de especialização em gestão escolar, na modalidade EaD na interconexão das novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação e o alcance territorial, socioeconômico, cultural e educacional de tal proposta. A troca de experiências desafiou a equipe docente e pedagógica a construir coletivamente, no espaço escolar, uma diversidade metodológica capaz de valorizar o aluno frente a questões sociais e profissionais por meio das tecnologias. A metodologia utilizada atendeu aos pressupostos do método qualitativo de pesquisa social. Empregou-se procedimento da observação participante, no qual o pesquisador se coloca em uma determinada situação social no intuito de se aproximar, coletar dados e compreender o contexto da pesquisa em suas contradições e representações, entre normas e as práticas escolares vivenciadas. Reuniões presenciais e por videoconferências foram realizadas com regularidade durante um ano no intuito de dialogar e construir uma proposta pedagógica de gestão escolar em EAD que se voltasse aos interesses de educadores e gestores públicos em várias localidades do país. Além dos dados coletados utilizou-se de procedimentos de análise de documentos, legislação educacional, normas e acervo bibliográfico referente ao tema. Para análise da coleta identificou-se categorias centrais que passaram a ser a centralidade dos conteúdos dos módulos ou componentes curriculares. Durante a pesquisa e a elaboração da proposta pedagógica, algumas devolutivas foram realizadas com estudantes de gestão escolar nos polos, docentes EaD e equipe pedagógica das escolas envolvidas na construção dessa síntese. Após conclusão dessa proposta pedagógica, experiência piloto foi realizada em vários polos dos estados de Tocantins e Goiás, no intuito de compreender melhor o desenvolvimento do curso de Gestão Escolar, em nível de especialização, no atendimento às demandas da rede pública de ensino. O resultado foi significativo, a partir da devolutiva dos estudantes, não se tratando aqui, no desdobramento da proposta para o desenvolvimento de métodos de análise para mensurar dados e construir uma nova síntese. Tal finalidade procurou atender uma concepção pedagógica de currículo aplicada à EaD, na área da Gestão Escolar, em cursos de especialização que tinham por preocupação a formação precípua do pedagogo no cotidiano das escolas públicas em várias localidades do país.