bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Contract Perspective and Implications in Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: Pattanayak Smaraki , Pattanayak Biswajeet , Niranjana Phalgu , Choudhury Dibyendu
Published: September 2023

MSMEs are micro, small and medium enterprises which are contributing significantly to India’s total GDP. In fact, it is the growth engine of Indian economy which generates highest employments. This study attempts (a) to understand the importance of psychological contract (PC) in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), (b) to assess the extent to which organisational culture dimensions and happiness contribute in determining PC in SMEs. Three standardised questionnaires namely Organisational Culture: OCTAPACE Profile, Psychological Contract Scale and The Oxford Happiness Scale have been used to collect the data. Four hundred samples have been drawn from different SMEs. The statistics used is multiple regression analysis to analyse the data and interpret the results. The study has thrown many interesting results. The present research findings show that PC is the function of happiness and organisational culture dimensions. It is found that the dimensions of culture namely trust, collaboration and pro-action have come out to be the most promising influencers to PC along with happiness. Numerous studies have identified a strong linkage between PCs, organisational performance and productivity. Based on the findings organisation development (OD) and behavioural intervention strategies are suggested to enhance PC in SMEs.
An Empirical Study on Rural Non-farm Employment in Developing and Urbanised Regions of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Misra Shuchi Benara
Published: September 2023

Maharashtra accounts for a meagre share of employment in the rural non-farm sector compared to the other states. There is a high degree of disparity in the socio-economic development, level of urbanisation and social infrastructure in Maharashtra, due to which there are differences in the factors affecting participation in rural non-farm employment (RNFE) across the different regions in the state. An empirical study of Kadam Wak Wasti village in the Pune district in Maharashtra reveals that rural men dominate RNFE while rural women are engaged in the farm sector. The service sector accounts for the majority of RNFE in the village. The casual nature of non-farm employment dominated the sector. The educated and skilled individuals in the village were engaged in RNFE, while most of the landless and uneducated individuals were confined to the farm sector. Agricultural labour was considered the last resort due to low wages and a lack of required skills. Thus, urbanisation and proximity to an urban area positively impact the growth of RNFE, affirming that the growth of RNFE in the developing and urbanised regions of the state is due to pull or growth-induced factors.

JEL: A10, J01, J21, R10, R11
Developments in rehabilitation psychiatry within the RANZCP and the creation of a mental health rehabilitation curriculum
Authors: Dark Frances , Dux Bree , Jensen Joanne , Goh Huan-Tzin , Harvey Carol
Published: September 2023

Objective

This paper describes the initial development of a mental health rehabilitation curriculum for Australian mental health settings and for psychiatrists and trainees wishing to develop specialist skills in mental health rehabilitation.

Method

Members of the Section of Social Cultural and Rehabilitation Psychiatry (SSCRP) established an expert working group under the auspices of the RANZCP. Existing college training resources were reviewed, and a gap analysis was conducted to guide development of new training modules.

Results

A tiered curriculum structure was created that allows a staged development of rehabilitation knowledge, skills and attitudes required to be a specialist in mental health rehabilitation. An introductory module was developed to establish the principles of modern mental health rehabilitation. Most of the curriculum was based on existing resources that are relevant to rehabilitation practice. Finalisation of a draft for review was undertaken with the assistance of the RANZCP education project advisors and curriculum experts.

Conclusions

As a national body responsible for training psychiatric registrars and maintenance of training for psychiatrists, the RANZCP is well situated to train the specialist medical mental health workforce required to lead rehabilitation services in Australia. The RANZCP mental health rehabilitation curriculum will provide a platform to train the skilled workforce that will enable these services to be fully realised.
The Clinical Outcomes of Syndesmotic Flexible Fixation for Syndesmotic Injury With Ankle Fracture
Authors: Kim Sung Hwan , Lee Sang Heon , Lee Young Koo
Published: September 2023

Background:

We evaluated whether the quality of syndesmotic reduction affects the short-term clinical outcomes of flexible fixation in patients with a rotational ankle fracture.

Methods:

This study included 59 patients (32 men and 27 women) who underwent syndesmotic flexible fixation. The degree of syndesmotic reduction was evaluated on computed tomography (CT) images acquired within 3 days after surgery. We measured the divergence between anterior and posterior incisura at 1 cm above the distal tibial articular joint, then evaluated the degree of fibular rotation relative to the tibia. At 1 year after surgery, an objective clinical evaluation was performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, the visual analog scale (VAS), and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Additionally, repeat arthroscopy was performed during routine implant removal at nearly 1 year postoperatively.

Results:

Among 59 patients who underwent syndesmotic flexible fixation, 56 patients had syndesmotic stability on repeat arthroscopy. At 1 year postoperation, AOFAS, VAS, and FAOS scores were, respectively, 90, 2.0, and 94 in the accurate reduction group (n = 24) and 90, 1.0, and 94.5 in the malreduction group (n = 35).

Conclusion:

Reduction quality after syndesmotic injury with flexible fixation, as determined by early postoperative CT imaging, did not affect patient prognosis. In this cohort, syndesmotic reduction and flexible fixation may produce good clinical outcomes in patients with syndesmotic injury and ankle fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Hospital and Patient Factors Affecting Veterans’ Hospital Choice
Authors: Yoon Jean , Ong Michael K. , Vanneman Megan E. , Zhang Yue , Dizon Matthew P. , Phibbs Ciaran S.
Published: September 2023

Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system gained greater access to non-VA care beginning in 2014. We examined hospital and Veteran characteristics associated with hospital choice. We conducted a longitudinal study of elective hospitalizations 2011 to 2017 in 11 states and modeled patients’ choice of VA hospital, large non-VA hospital, or small non-VA hospital in conditional logit models. Patients had higher odds of choosing a hospital with an academic affiliation, better patient experience rating, location closer to them, and a more common hospital type. Patients who were male, racial/ethnic minorities, had higher VA enrollment priority, and had a mental health comorbidity were more likely than other patients to choose a VA hospital than a non-VA hospital. Our findings suggest that patients respond to certain hospital attributes. VA hospitals may need to maintain or achieve high levels of quality and patient experience to attract or retain patients in the future.
Developing a flowchart to evaluate the use of Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices with monoclonal antibodies: Focus on the clinical trial setting
Authors: Simal Ine , Bauters Tiene , Paepens Charline , Clottens Nele , Ramaut Pieter , Kestens Els
Published: September 2023

Objective

Available guidelines are ambiguous about safe handling monoclonal antibodies (MABs) and whether or not to use a Closed System Drug-Transfer Device (CSTD). In this article we want to describe a standardized working method on handling MABs in a clinical trial setting.

Data Sources

The current workflow at the clinical trial unit of the Ghent University Hospital was critically analyzed, after which an extensive literature review was performed using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Working Group guidelines and the database PubMed (Keywords: monoclonal antibodies, closed system transfer devices, safety guidelines, safe handling, management, administration, (bio)compatibility, volume loss, contamination, clinical trial unit. Period: 2020–2022).

Data Summary

Literature data are ambiguous. CSTDs can reduce cross-contamination and minimize exposure to potential hazardous drugs for healthcare professionals. However, in recent years more questions have been raised about their in-use compatibility and their impact on final product quality. This makes the debate on implementing CSTDs a hot topic in daily pharmacy practice and demands a holistic and standardized approach when deciding whether or not to use a CSTD when handling MABs. In a clinical trial setting, where safety data are frequently not available and the compatibility of CSTDs and investigational product is often unknown, this poses additional challenges that need to be taken into account.

Conclusion

We developed a flowchart which standardizes the use of a CSTD when handling MABs. It allows other healthcare professionals and clinical trial sponsors to define and evaluate the necessary criteria when standardizing the position of a CSTD in their safe handling procedures.
Acute renal failure during cisplatin-based chemotherapy: A prospective monocentric study
Authors: Ben Kridis Wala , Lajnef Mayssa , Khanfir Afef
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cisplatin is a widely used antineoplastic in the treatment of various types of solid cancers. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the prevalence of acute renal failure (ARF) during cisplatin-based chemotherapy and to determine the factors correlated with renal toxicity.

Methods

This is a prospective study that was conducted over a period of 6 months. We included patients followed for histologically confirmed solid cancer and treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Assessment of renal function was made by calculating renal creatinine clearance before starting cisplatin, before every cycle, at 3 months and at 6 months.

Results

Forty patients were included. The median age was 54 years (31–71 years). The mean cumulative dose received was 286 mg/m² (100–560 mg/m²). Twelve patients (30%) developed ARF which was grade 1 in 83% of cases. Cisplatin ARF was observed after a mean cumulative dose of 208 mg/m². Digestive toxicity (67%) and obstruction of the excretory tracts of tumoral origin (8%) were aggravating factors. Cisplatin cycle number >3 ( p = 0.04) and dose ≥330 mg/m2 ( p = 0.04) were the factors associated with cisplatin renal toxicity.

Conclusion

This study concluded that ARF is dose-dependent with the predominance of grade 1 toxicity. A cumulative dose exceeding 330 mg/m2 was correlated with an increased risk of occurrence of ARF.
Use of electronic devices by people attending vision rehabilitation services in Italy: A study based on the device and aids registry (D.A.Re)
Authors: Bartolomei Federico , Costanzo Eliana , Parravano Mariacristina , Hogg Ruth E. , Lawrenson John G. , Falchini Elisabetta , Di Simone Alessia , Pastore Valentina , Mastrantuono Chiara , Sato Giovanni , Amore Filippo , Biagini Ilaria , Ciaffoni Giovanni L. , Tettamanti Mauro , Virgili Gianni
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To investigate the characteristics of electronic device users, specifically smartphones and tablets, in the Device & Aids Register (D.A.Re), from several low-vision rehabilitation services in Italy.

Methods

We collected general and clinical information about ocular and systemic diseases, visual function, reading speed and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire score. Technological details of each optical and electronic device, (including screen size, touch-screen and OCR functions, text-to-speech function) were also collected.

Results

1218 patients (752 females and 466 males) were included in our analysis, mean age 71.5 (±18.8) years. Users of electronic aids (n.237) were slightly younger (67 vs 72 years, p < 0.001) than non-users (n.981), had a worse reading speed (38 vs 65 words/minute), critical print size (43 vs 28 print size, p < 0.001), poorer visual acuity (VA)(1.0 logMAR or less: 30% non-users vs 73% users, p < 0.001) and more commonly visual field restriction within 10° (23% vs 14%, p = 0.001). A similar proportion of users and non-users were retired (about 70%) and about 16–17% were employed. The use of portable electronic devices (5″or less, p < 0.001; 6″ to 18″ screen size, p = 0.017) was associated with better IADL scores, and the use of stand devices with worse IADL score (p < 0.001); Furthermore, using smartphones and tablets (193 subjects) was strongly associated with better IADL scores.

Conclusion

We found that using electronic devices, and especially smartphone and tablets, were associated with better vision-related quality of life in low-vision people attending rehabilitation services. While this association does not mean causality, these findings seemed robust to confounder adjustment.
Technical note: acetabular augmentation with customisable cementless all-polyethylene insert
Authors: Wallace David T , Stoffel Karl , Baines Joe
Published: September 2023

Acetabular augmentation is a challenge for complex primary and revision hip surgery. Several methods exist to recreate a supportive, hemispherical acetabulum where a defect exists, however, these can be complex, expensive, time consuming, and limited by available size and shape. We present a simple, inexpensive, quick and customisable method of acetabular augmentation using cementless polyethylene with titanium coating. The first case is presented with follow-up up to 8 years.
A Conceptual Framework on the Fate of Rhizodeposits in Forming Mineral-Associated Organic Matter or Encapsulating Into Microaggreagtes
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Gu Baitao
Published: September 2023

Rhizodeposition, as transported from photosynthates and exudated in soils via fine roots, is the pivot linking above- and belowground carbon (C) cycling pathways. Meanwhile, rhizodeposit C serves as “currency” for plant nutrient acquisition because of its critical roles in priming soil microorganisms, maintaining plant-mycorrhizal symbionts, and elongating plant roots. Therefore, a conceptual framework integrating knowledge on the biogeochemical fate of rhizodeposit C can help understand plant nutrient economics and soil C sink function. However, it still remains a great challenge to efficiently delineate the dynamics of rhizodeposit C in soils. In the framework, we present the possible stabilization pathways of rhizodeposit C via formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) or encapsulation by microaggregates. We further propose that continuous and pulse 13CO2 labeling are powerful techniques to track the fate of rhizodeposit C and to quantify how much C could eventually be sequestrated in soils as the component of MAOM or microaggregates. This framework would provide future research possibilities to better optimize plant C allocation and productivity and preserve soil C stocks.
Micropollutant Removal Efficiency of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Belete Biniam , Desye Belay , Ambelu Argaw , Yenew Chalachew
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Various review papers have been published regarding the occurrence and fate of micropollutants (MPs). MPs in the aquatic environment are still not well reviewed to generate comprehensive summaries with a special focus on their removal from wastewater using conventional and advanced treatment processes. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a synopsis of the efficiency of the advanced wastewater treatment plants in the removal of MPs.

Materials and methods:

A systematic search of published literature was conducted on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) database, Web of Science, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Scopus, and Google Scholar, based on studies with evidence of removal of MPs in the wastewater treatment process. Screening of the published articles was made using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

Amongst the 1545 studies searched, 21 full-length articles were analyzed that showed 7 treatment options related to the removal of MPs from wastewater. MPs from wastewater effluents were successfully and effectively removed by advanced treatment techniques. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), membrane processes, and adsorption processes have all been shown to be potential solutions for the removal of MPs in advanced treatment plants (WWTPs). But, there are 2 critical issues associated with the application of the advanced treatment options which are high operational cost and the formation of dangerous by-products and concentrated residues.

Conclusion:

This study identified that the removal of MPs using WWTPs was commonly incomplete with varying removal efficiency. Therefore, the adaptation and scale-up of the cost-effective and efficient combined wastewater treatment technology are vital to creating an absolute barrier to MPs emissions.
Assessment of Bacteria Contaminants in Different Zones and Point Sources of Sandy Beaches in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Oduro Daniel , Darko Stephanie , Blankson Emmanuel Robert , Mensah Gloria Ivy
Published: September 2023

Background:

Bacteria are ubiquitous in the marine environment. Increasing concern for human health has led to growing interest in contamination on public beaches. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms originating from anthropogenic activities such as defecation and disposal of sewage on beaches are of special concern. In this study, presence of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial load in beach zones and point sources were investigated.

Methods:

Sand core samples from the subtidal zone, intertidal zone, supratidal zone and point sources from 5 beaches in Accra, Ghana, were collected and analysed. Total aerobic, coliform and Escherichia ( E. coli) counts were determined for each zone in the respective beaches. Bacteria isolates were presumptively identified using biochemical tests and confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS.

Results:

Mean total aerobic count and total coliform counts ranged from 2.10 to 3.01 log CFU/g and 0.29 to 2.18 log CFU/g respectively while E. coli counts ranged from 0.12 to 1.71 log CFU/g for the beaches. Total aerobic count from point sources was 2.4-folds higher than the subtidal zone while total coliform counts were 5-folds higher in the point sources compared to the supratidal zone. Point sources had 10 times ( P = .0016) more E. coli counts as compared to the subtidal zone. Isolates recovered (n = 35) belonged to 10 bacteria genera. These were Bacillus spp. (25.7%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.3%), Aeromonas spp. (14.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Aerococcus viridans (8.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (8.6%), Shewanella profunda (5.7%), Rheinheimera soli (2.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.9%), and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum (2.9%).

Conclusion:

Point sources are major contributors to contamination on beaches. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in beach sand could be a public health risk. Sensitization on cleanliness in the marine environment including beaches in Ghana is needed to enhance public health and safety.
Non-infectious Pulmonary Complications in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency
Authors: Mongkonsritragoon Wimwipa , Srivastava Ruma , Seth Divya , Navalpakam Aishwarya , Poowuttikul Pavadee
Published: September 2023

Primary immune deficiency (PID) is a large group of diseases characterized by defective immune function, leading to recurrent infections, and immune dysregulation. Clinical presentations, severity, and complications differ for each disease, based on the components of the immune system that are impacted. When patients with PID present with respiratory symptoms, infections should be initially suspected, investigated, and promptly managed. However, non-infectious complications of PID also frequently occur and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. They can involve both the upper and lower respiratory systems, resulting in various presentations that mimic infectious diseases. Thus, clinicians should be able to detect these conditions and make an appropriate referral to an immunologist and a pulmonologist for further management. In this article, we use case-based scenarios to review the differential diagnosis, investigation, and multidisciplinary treatment of non-infectious pulmonary complications in patients with primary immune deficiencies.
Enhancing stakeholder roles in autism early interventions in the United States: A stakeholder-driven research agenda
Authors: Walton Katherine M , Borowy Alayna R , Gordon Rachel A , Wainer Allison L
Published: September 2023

This article outlines a stakeholder-created research agenda to guide future early intervention research for autistic children. We collaborated with 10 autism service providers, 10 parents of individuals with autism, and 10 autistic people across a total of 18 small group and 2 inter-group meetings occurring over 2 years. Together, we synthesized results from (1) these stakeholder workshops and (2) a survey completed by 237 autistic adults, autism providers, caregivers, and autism researchers in the United States. The finalized research agenda includes (1) Guiding Principles, (2) Research Priorities, and (3) Systems Implications. The full version of the early intervention autism research agenda is available in Supplemental Material. In this article, we summarize the main points of the research agenda and discuss unique themes highlighted by stakeholders in considering early autism intervention research. Finally, we highlight the need to include stakeholders in decision-making and consultant positions throughout the research process to align future work most directly and optimally with the goals and needs of the autism community. We have gathered guidance directly from our stakeholders and experiences with Project Stakeholders Engaging in Early Intervention Research (STEER) into a researcher workbook which we hope may facilitate these efforts. This workbook is available in Supplemental Material.

Lay abstract

In this article, we outline a stakeholder-driven research agenda to guide future early intervention research for children with autism. Our research team collaborated with autism service providers, parents of individuals with autism, and autistic people to create this research agenda by (1) conducting workshops with community members and (2) distributing a survey to a larger number of community members around the country. The finalized research agenda includes (1) Guiding Principles for current and future research, (2) Research Priorities focused on early intervention for individuals with autism, and (3) Systems Implications to consider in future clinical, research, and policy efforts for early intervention. The full version of the research agenda is available in Supplemental Material. This article lists the main points of the research agenda and discusses unique themes highlighted by the community members. One main conclusion is that researchers need to include community members in decision-making and consultant positions throughout the research process to best meet the needs of the broader autism community. We have created a researcher workbook which we hope may facilitate these community consultation efforts. This workbook is available in Supplemental Material.
Leather nostalgia: Constructed histories of Dutch leathermen through national discourses of tolerance and white innocence
Authors: Liang Michelle
Published: September 2023

Through following sentiments of nostalgia and loss through leathermen’s personal narratives, and an analysis of 110 influential leather images, this article argues that constructed histories of the Dutch gay male leather scene reflect a nostalgia for a lost white gay masculinity that reproduces Dutch-centric conceptions of tolerance, freedom, and self. In these constructed pasts, the Dutch leather brotherhood purportedly developed as a space of exceptional acceptance, protected from encroaching straight and effeminate gay cultures in the 1970s. These memories feature a conceptualization of sexual freedom as indistinguishable from sexual expression, reflecting ideas of freedom and tolerance rooted in Dutch liberalism. Leather memorialization of sexual freedom mobilizes liberal conceptions of autonomy and self that locate freedom in expression, bound sexual pleasure to the individual, and disconnect it from sociopolitical contexts. In influential erotic images of hyperwhite men covered in black leather and dirt, the rare but exclusive appearance of people of color in racist sexual tropes reveals the racist discourse underlying imaginations of the past erotic scene. These constructed pasts continue to haunt larger fetish culture even after the closure of beloved leather bars—shaping their self-identities into the present, inflecting upon their current participation in leather culture, and creating the meaning they derive from this community.
Effects of material property and thickness on block shear strength in lean duplex stainless steel welded connections
Authors: Cho YongHyun , Kim TaeSoo , Kim Jinwoo
Published: September 2023

Recently, studies have been carried out to apply lean duplex stainless steels, with less than 1.5% nickel, which provides higher material strength and lower cost compared with austenitic stainless steel for building structures. This study compared with existing experimental and finite element analysis results on the structural behaviours of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel welded connections with different tensile strength (tensile strength-to-yield stress ratio) and plate thickness despite identical steel grade. The main variables are plate thickness and weld lengths. The material tensile strength of a 3.0 mm thick plate was 22% lower than that of a 1.5 mm thick plate. All specimens showed block shear facture in the base metal. Block shear strengths predicted by current design codes and the proposed equations from previous studies were compared with test strengths. KDS 41 31 00-19/AISC2016 and EC3 design specifications underestimated block shear capacity by on average 24%, 43%, respectively for 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm thick specimens, and equations suggested in previous studies of stainless steel welded connections did not sufficiently account for the influence of stress triaxiality by material property and plate thickness difference on the block shear strength of lean duplex stainless steel specimens. Therefore, thickness-dependent modified strength equations were recommended based on experimental and numerical studies of lean duplex stainless steel welded connections and comparison of carbon steel and other stainless steel connections.
A simple modified harmonic balance method for strongly nonlinear oscillator with cubic non-linearity and harmonic restoring force
Authors: Sharif Nazmul , Molla Helal Uddin , Alim Abdul
Published: September 2023

In this article, a very simple modified form of the harmonic balance method is used to solve a strongly nonlinear oscillator with cubic nonlinearity and harmonic restoring force. Taylor series expansion up to third term is considered for the harmonic restoring force. The first approximate solutions of the present method pleasantly agree with the numerical solution obtained by Runge–Kutta fourth order method. Accuracy and simplicity of the present method solution is established when compared with the other method solutions. The present method can be utilized to other nonlinear oscillators.
Push notifications and news snacking: The impact of mobile news alert framing on reader engagement
Authors: Barnes Renee , Mulcahy Rory , Riedel Aimee
Published: September 2023

How news media, such as newspapers and magazines, is consumed has dramatically changed due to technological developments, such as mobile and high-speed Internet technology. As a result, there has been a dramatic shift in consumer consumption of news from desktop and television to mobile platforms such as smartphones and tablets. Due to the shift of news consumption from desktop and television platforms to mobile, journalists have had to consider how news headlines and alerts must be tailored to match the distinctive characteristics of mobile platforms and consumers’ engagement patterns on such devices. Drawing on construal theory (CLT), this study will examine how mobile alerts should be framed to optimize engagement. Overall, it finds a combination of abstract construal through combination of a gain and other frames results in heightened levels of curiosity in readers leading to further engagement with news products.
Social media suspensions as dignity takings: Users’ personal loss in “account bombing”
Authors: Wu Shangwei , Fang Hui
Published: September 2023

Moving beyond the publicness-oriented perspective in Internet censorship studies, this article directs attention to censorship’s consequences for users’ personal lives. We examine “account bombing” in China, a phenomenon where social media platforms suspend user accounts permanently, and we focus on the loss of the “victims.” Notably, people commonly use social media accounts as personal archives that store their digital traces, from which they obtain a sense of self, and perceive the accounts as their private property. We use the dignity takings theory to illustrate the dual harm the victims suffer in account bombing: Censorship deprives them of both their social media accounts and dignity. We propose the concept of “dual dehumanization” to explain the dignity violation in account bombing, as this arbitrary conduct not only occurs in a dehumanizing manner, but also destroys users’ identity work and community ties.
Shifting the protest paradigm? Legitimizing and humanizing protest coverage lead to more positive attitudes toward protest, mixed results on news credibility
Authors: Masullo Gina M , Brown Danielle K , Harlow Summer
Published: September 2023

A US experiment ( n = 1506) demonstrated how a new approach to writing protest stories challenges press patterns in the United States of underrepresented groups. News stories that explain the goals and background of a protest—a concept called legitimizing—and that humanize—rather than criminalize—a person whose death sparked a protest led news audiences to better understand the protest and those involved in the social movement. We also found that those with conservative political beliefs perceived these stories as less credible than those written following journalistic norms typical in the United States that tend to cast protesters and their causes in a negative light, although the opposite was true for those with liberal views. Results are discussed in relation to the protest paradigm.
Effect of atomizer and cross-flows on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuel injection
Authors: Pandian Balaguru , Das Rajarshi
Published: September 2023

The current study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of atomizer and cross-flow velocities on liquid and gelled Jet A-1 fuels. For gelled Jet A-1, Jet A-1 liquid, Thixatrol® ST and rectified xylene are the base fuel, gellant and solvent, respectively. Gelled Jet A-1 is prepared by adding 85% by weight of base fuel along with 7.5% by weight of gellant and solvent, each at optimum processing conditions. Atomization using a simple-plain-orifice atomizer is investigated to understand its effect on Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up without air cross-flow. Based on the investigation from qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of Jet A-1 gel fuel break-up, a modified simple-plain-orifice atomizer called an internally impinging air-blast atomizer is made. Primary atomization using this new atomizer is studied to understand the break-up of liquid and gelled Jet A-1 gel fuels without any air cross-flow. Secondary atomization of liquid and gel fuel is investigated by transversely injecting fuel into different low-speed subsonic air cross-flow environments. Laser sheet Imaging (LSI) technique is used to capture spray images of both fuels. Break-up mechanisms of both liquid and gel fuels were observed, and the results were compared. Information on the cross-flow air mass flow rate effect on the liquid and gel spray is extracted by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. Relative droplet size distribution of liquid and gel spray revealed their dependence on cross-flow air mass flow rate. Total droplet count of both liquid and gel fuel decreases significantly as the cross-flow Reynolds’ number increases. At higher cross-flow Reynolds’ number, gel droplets in the flow are observed to be more as compared to liquid fuel.
The Psychometric Quality of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations Within Psychology Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vhora Azaan , Davies Ryan L. , Rice Kylie
Published: September 2023

Background: Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are a simulation-based assessment tool used extensively in medical education for evaluating clinical competence. OSCEs are widely regarded as more valid, reliable, and valuable compared to traditional assessment measures, and are now emerging within professional psychology training programs. While there is a lack of findings related to the quality of OSCEs in published psychology literature, psychometric properties can be inferred by investigating implementation. Accordingly, the current review assessed implementation of OSCEs within psychology programs against a set of Quality Assurance Guidelines (QAGs). Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. Electronic databases including ProQuest Psychology, PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PsycInfo and key indexing databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Science were used to identify relevant articles. Twelve full-text articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Results: There was considerable heterogeneity in the quality of studies and reporting of OSCE data. Implementation of OSCEs against QAGs revealed overall adherence to be “Fair.” Conclusion: The current review consolidated what is known on psychometric quality of OSCEs within psychology programs. A further need for quantitative evidence on psychometric soundness of OSCEs within psychology training is highlighted. Furthermore, it is recommended that future training programs implement and report OSCEs in accordance with standardized guidelines.
The Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Memory Tests for Alzheimer’s Disease Screening in Taiwan Chinese
Authors: Li Kuan-Ying , Chien Ching-Fang , Huang Tang-Wei , Yang Yuan-Han
Published: September 2023

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease typically have initial deficits in memory. Memory testing can be categorized as verbal or nonverbal by the modality of the stimuli used. We compared the discriminative validity of selected verbal and nonverbal memory tests between non-dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Taiwan. Ninety-eight patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and 269 non-dementia individuals underwent story recall test (immediate and delayed recall), and constructional praxis test (copy and delayed recall). The receiver-operating characteristic curve and area under the curve were evaluated to compare between tests. Patients with Alzheimer's disease performed poorly across all memory tests, and the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that story recall immediate and relayed recall, and constructional praxis delayed recall had good classification accuracy with area under the curve of .90, .87 and .87 respectively. These results provide support that both verbal and nonverbal memory tests are reliable measure for screening patients with Alzheimer's disease.
The Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Identification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using EEG
Authors: Chugh Nupur , Aggarwal Swati , Balyan Arnav
Published: September 2023

Common misbehavior among children that prevents them from paying attention to tasks and interacting with their surroundings appropriately is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies of children's behavior presently face a significant problem in the early and timely diagnosis of this disease. To diagnose this disease, doctors often use the patient's description and questionnaires, psychological tests, and the patient's behavior in which reliability is questionable. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is one deep learning technique that has been used for the diagnosis of ADHD. CNN, however, does not account for how signals change over time, which leads to low classification performances and ambiguous findings. In this study, the authors designed a hybrid deep learning model that combines long-short-term memory (LSTM) and CNN to simultaneously extract and learn the spatial features and long-term dependencies of the electroencephalography (EEG) data. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid deep learning model was assessed using 2 publicly available EEG datasets. The suggested model achieves a classification accuracy of 98.86% on the ADHD dataset and 98.28% on the FOCUS dataset, respectively. The experimental findings show that the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods to diagnose ADHD using EEG. Hence, the proposed hybrid CNN-LSTM model could therefore be utilized to help with the clinical diagnosis of ADHD patients.
Licensed Physical Therapists’ Preparation, Comfort in and Frequency of Providing Nutrition Related Patient Education
Authors: Pata Rachel , Leigh Addison , Hadtke Brandon , Diem Gregory , Feinn Richard , White Dana
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine physical therapist’s education, comfort in and frequency of providing nutrition related patient education. Review of Literature: Nutrition impacts the recovery and function of patients; however, there is limited research on physical therapist’s preparation and use of nutrition patient education. Subjects: 125 physical therapists from our universities’ 169 clinical partners in the Northeast Region of the United States participated. Methods: A 28-question survey gathering information on demographics, comfort in and frequency of providing nutrition patient education was created and sent to clinical partners. Results: Practice settings were 52.4% outpatient, 29.4% acute care, 9.5% pediatrics, and 7.9% acute rehab/LTACH. The average number of nutrition courses taken was .8 ± 1.0 during their curriculum and .6 ± 1.0 for continuing education. Only 8.4% reported feeling nutrition was sufficiently covered in their physical therapy program. 52% felt sometimes prepared and 23.2% felt infrequently prepared to discuss nutrition topics with their patients. 71.3% of respondents stated nutrition education should be a part of their patients’ overarching wellness care All the Time or Quite Frequently. Discussion and Conclusion: Practicing physical therapists often believe nutrition patient education may benefit patient rehabilitation, but many therapists surveyed felt underprepared.
Me and the Machines: Possibilities and Pitfalls of Using Artificial Intelligence for Qualitative Data Analysis
Authors: Chubb Laura Ann
Published: September 2023

This paper describes how one researcher learned to overcome artificial intelligence (AI) paralysis and embrace ChatPDF. This freely available AI application uses natural language processing (NLP) to respond to user queries about an uploaded PDF. Researcher insights from experimenting with the AI tool ChatPDF for qualitative data analysis are presented, highlighting the advantages, pitfalls, and application-related considerations. As a two-phase curiosity experiment, the researcher engaged in a theory-building exercise to explore key concepts for understanding when using ChatPDF to assist researchers in qualitative data analysis. The experiment generated insights about the purposeful use of AI tools that incorporate NLP for analysis and the risks of inaccuracy when researchers are not familiar with the data or skilled in prompt engineering. Insights raise questions about whether ChatPDF is a viable research assistant for qualitative researchers, ethical issues with specific forms of qualitative data, and the potential of AI tools for community and student researchers.
Empiric treatment with aspirin and ticagrelor is the most cost-effective strategy in patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack
Authors: Narasimhalu Kaavya , Chan Jeremy , Ang Yoong Kwei , De Silva Deidre Anne , Tan Kelvin Bryan
Published: September 2023

Background:

Patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are often treated with dual antiplatelet therapy regimens as part of secondary stroke prevention. Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet used in these regimens, is metabolized into its active form by the CYP2C19 enzyme. Patients with loss of function (LOF) mutations in CYP2C19 are at risk for poorer secondary outcomes when prescribed clopidogrel.

Aims:

We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of three different treatment antiplatelet regimens in ischemic stroke populations with minor strokes or TIAs and how these treatment regimens are influenced by the LOF prevalence in the population.

Methods:

Markov models were developed to look at the cost-effectiveness of empiric treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel versus empiric treatment with aspirin and ticagrelor, versus genotype-guided therapy for either 21 or 30 days. Effect ratios were obtained from the literature, and incidence rates and costs were obtained from the national data published by the Singapore Ministry of Health. The primary endpoints were the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results:

Empiric treatment with aspirin and ticagrelor was the most cost-effective treatment. Genotype-guided therapy was more cost-effective than empiric aspirin and clopidogrel if the LOF was above 48%. Empiric ticagrelor and aspirin was cost saving when compared to genotype-guided therapy. Results in models of dual antiplatelet therapy for 30 days were similar.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that in patients with minor stroke and TIA planned for dual antiplatelet regimens, empiric ticagrelor and aspirin is the most cost-effective treatment regimen. If ticagrelor is not available, genotype-guided therapy is the most cost-effective treatment regimen if the LOF prevalence in the population is more than 48%.
Memory discourses in visitor books of travelling exhibits in Southern Chile
Authors: Rojas-Lizana Sol
Published: September 2023

The Museum of Memory and Human Rights in Chile hosts regular travelling exhibits about the country’s recent traumatic past of 1973–1990. In this article, I study the visitor books (VBs) that accompanied travelling exhibits to the cities of Valdivia and Puerto Montt to examine their effect on the audience. The entries reflected a variety of writers, from younger generations to survivors and witnesses. The analysis shows that the VBs are used to exercise the right to memory, to confirm their ‘duty to remember’ manifested in the presence of transitional justice discourses, and to express emotions that seem to reflect a positive and healing effect. Moreover, it was proven that the nature of the visitor’s memory (direct or postmemory) would showcase different reactions to the exhibit experience.
Acute:chronic workload ratio and training monotony variations over the season in professional soccer: A systematic review
Authors: Rico-González Markel , González Fernández Francisco Tomás , Oliveira Rafael , Clemente Filipe Manuel
Published: September 2023

Acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and training monotony have been criticized as injury risk predictors. Therefore, the use of intensity measures should be oriented to understand the variations of intensity across the season. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the main evidence about the ACWR and training monotony variations over the season in professional soccer players. The search was made in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and FECYT according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. From the 225 studies initially identified, 27 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Existing literature revealed a variety of designs, ACWR and training monotony ranges, variables assessed and durations of the studies. Overall, the range values for ACWR were 0.4–3.39 AU, while those focused on monotony were 0.49–5.7 AU. Regarding ACWR, the ratios located around 0.85–1.25 could predict lower risk values and ratios around ≥1.50 could predict higher risk values. On the contrary, with respect to training monotony, the ratios are approximately between 0.5 and 2.00 (low values in the preseason and low competition weeks and high values when soccer players are in highly scheduled competition weeks). Nevertheless, ACWR and training monotony methods should be addressed and considered based on their real value before using this indicator to reduce injury risk. In fact, the data did not conclusively define injured and non-injured players. For this reason, utilizing standardized approaches will allow for more precise conclusions about professional soccer players.
Novel tactical insights from Men’s 2022 FIFA World Cup: Which performance indicators explain the teams’ goal difference?
Authors: Praça Gibson Moreira , Brandão Leandro Henrique Albuquerque , de Oliveira Abreu Cristóvão , Oliveira Pedro Henrique de Almeida , de Andrade André Gustavo Pereira
Published: September 2023

This study examined positional and event-based tactical variables during the Men’s 2022 FIFA World Cup to detect differences between winning and losing teams and to verify which variables would better predict the goal difference between the teams. All 64 matches played during the competition were initially considered. Due to the purpose of the current article, draw matches were excluded from the sample. The data were compared between the match statuses using a MANOVA. A stepwise multiple linear regression was used to detect which variables predict the outcome of the matches. Results indicated differences between winning and losing in Line Breaks per Pass ( p = 0.011), Defensive Line Break per Pass ( p = 0.004), Final Third Phase Height ( p = 0.023), and Width ( p < 0.001). The best predictors of the goal difference were the Final Third Phase Width (standardized beta = −0.389), the Completed Line Breaks (standardized beta = 0.716), and the movements to receive in the progression phase in between (standardized beta = −0.491). It is concluded that positioning the team closer to the central corridor in the last third of the pitch and successfully breaking the defensive lines increases winning probability during the competition.