bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equivalence and Translation Quality Assessment towards News Translation:
Authors: Basriana Era , Junining Esti , Tabiati Sri Endah
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the type of equivalence contained in the news translation of VICE Indonesia YouTube channel and its impact on the translation quality. The data was taken from the subtitle transcript of VICE Indonesia. This research is conducted with qualitative descriptive method. Several theories are elaborated within this research namely, Nida & Taber theory of equivalence (cited in Panou, 2013, p.2) and the equivalence theory of Baker (2018), and the adopted model of translation quality assessment from Nababan et al. (2012). The results of this study showed that there are six types of equivalence found within the subtitles: formal equivalence, dynamic equivalence, equivalence at word level, equivalence above word level, grammatical equivalence, and pragmatic equivalence. Grammatical equivalence is the type that dominates the overall data. Furthermore, the findings shows that 66.67% of samples were categorized as less communicative, 58.33% of samples were evaluated as unacceptable translations, and 38.89% of the sample scored as high readability level.
Developing Vocabulary Animation Game Application for Pronounciation at Pelita Kasih Lawang Kindergarten
Authors: Ningrum Christina Retna , Ifianti Trisnian , Adi Adi
Published: October 2022

The purpose of developing illustrated vocabulary animation game media for kindergarten – A students at Pelita Kasih Lawang Kindergarten is that early childhood can concentrate and understand the content of the material so that they are able to repeat simple words with correct pronunciation. Early childhood is also expected to be able to repeat words that have been listened to friends and teachers. Researchers compiled an animated vocabulary game media developer pictured in learning English, by making a Research and Development (R&D) development research design, which is research used to produce certain products, and test the validity of these products. This Research and Development procedure is an adaptation of Sugiono's theory (2011 : 297), namely : 1) Potential and Problems, 2) Data Collection, 3) Product Design, 4) Design Validation, 5) Usage Trial, 6) Product Revision, 7) Product Trial, 8) Design Revision. Product Trial, 8) Design Revision. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative analysis in the form of percentages. The results of this research and development obtained are : 94.44% of the learning expert validation results, 96.15% of the media expert validation results, 91.11% of the small group trial results, and 95.68% of the field trial results. Based on these results, the development of animated media in language learning is classified as feasible to use. Based on the validation results, observations on small group trials and field trials, it can be concluded that the development of animated media in language learning is very interesting, fun, and easy to use. It is hoped that the results of the development of animated media in language learning can be developed even better, more effective, and right on target. So that it can be utilised according to the needs and achieve the goals of early childhood language learning.
Challenges and Futures of Ubiquitous Learning in Teaching English as a Foreigh Language
Authors: Lestari Hernina Dewi , Suhartatik Suhartatik
Published: October 2022

This research aims at analyzing the challenges and the potential futures of the implementation of ubiquitous learning in teaching English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesian context. This study employed descriptive qualitative research design with observation and interview as the data collection techniques. The samples of this research participants were 50 bachelor degree students majoring in English Education who were chosen through random sampling technique. After the data were attained, they were analyzed to answer the research questions of what challenges and futures of ubiquitous learning in Indonesian TEFL context were. The research findings presented that three major challenges in the implementation of ubiquitous learning in TEFL were technical problems (internet connection-related problems) which took 50% of the concerns, devices operating competence which had 30% of the attentions, and students’ attitude which had 20% of the problems. About the futures of ubiquitous learning in TEFL context, the participants testified that ubiquitous learning could be an excellent alternative to study from anywhere and at any time (40%), 30% suggested technical readiness to optimize the learning outcome, the other 20% thought that Indonesian students were not ready for the implementation of ubiquitous learning, and another 10% stayed neutral to the option. These findings contribute to fill the gap of the controversies of ubiquitous learning implementation. It is suggested that future researchers took deeper examination related to this topic.
The Digital Conservation and Revitalization of Regional Languages in Nusantara
Authors: Hadiwijaya Munawwir , Kinanti Kingkin Puput , Puspita Sari Ike Dian
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is the digitization of regional languages. The form of technology that will be developed is a digital conservation and revitalization program. There are 2 stages in this program: 1) the development stage, namely the development of language learning applications. Inspired by the Duolingo application, the application for learning international languages, the application is the local version by prioritizing the values ​​of local wisdom of the local language being studied. The basic concept of this application is to document regional languages ​​by teaching them. This application is designed to be accessible to anyone who wants to know or learn a certain regional language through a smartphone. The features in this application product will focus on four language skills with tiered levels, each of which is presented in different themes. There will be several choices of regional languages ​​that can be learned, the final target of developing this application is to document all regional languages ​​​​of the archipelago. As an initial project, this program will digitize two regional languages ​​in East Java, namely Javanese and Madurese. 2) socialization, education, and promotion that will be carried out in several forms of activities targeting all communities at all levels. On campus, the target is to form a community that cares about the preservation of regional languages ​​among academics; Among students to grow the importance of preserving regional languages ​​and make applications that will be developed as a reference to support the teaching of regional languages ​​in schools; and society.
Equal Z standard-setting method to estimate the minimum number of panelists for a medical school’s objective structured clinical examination in Taiwan: a simulation study
Authors: Yang Ying-Ying , Huang Pin-Hsiang , Yang Ling-Yu , Huang Chia-Chang , Liu Chih-Wei , Huang Shiau-Shian , Chen Chen-Huan , Lee Fa-Yauh , Kao Shou-Yen , Shulruf Boaz
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Undertaking a standard-setting exercise is a common method for setting pass/fail cut scores for high-stakes examinations. The recently introduced equal Z standard-setting method (EZ method) has been found to be a valid and effective alternative for the commonly used Angoff and Hofstee methods and their variants. The current study aims to estimate the minimum number of panelists required for obtaining acceptable and reliable cut scores using the EZ method.Methods: The primary data were extracted from 31 panelists who used the EZ method for setting cut scores for a 12-station of medical school’s final objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in Taiwan. For this study, a new data set composed of 1,000 random samples of different panel sizes, ranging from 5 to 25 panelists, was established and analyzed. Analysis of variance was performed to measure the differences in the cut scores set by the sampled groups, across all sizes within each station.Results: On average, a panel of 10 experts or more yielded cut scores with confidence more than or equal to 90% and 15 experts yielded cut scores with confidence more than or equal to 95%. No significant differences in cut scores associated with panel size were identified for panels of 5 or more experts.Conclusion: The EZ method was found to be valid and feasible. Less than an hour was required for 12 panelists to assess 12 OSCE stations. Calculating the cut scores required only basic statistical skills.
Increasing Third Grade’s Mastery of Simple Present Tense Using Flashcards
Authors: Maya Sartika
Published: October 2022

Mastering the simple present tense can be very difficult for EFL young learners because tenses contain abstract concepts that do not exist in the first language of EFL learners. The third graders at Permai Elementary School, North Jakarta, also encountered problems in mastering the tense when they are taught using the lecture method. To solve the problem, action research was conducted by using flashcards. The action research was carried out in two cycles in August to October 2019. Involving 30 third graders, quantitative and qualitative data were collected employing tests, observation, and questionnaires. The findings revealed that flashcards use managed to increase the students’ achievement in learning the simple present tense. The mean scores of the three tests administered during the action research increased from 36.69 to 65.73 and to 75.00. The use of flashcards also changed the students’ attitude from mainly negative to mainly positive. The mean of the positive responses increased from 20.4% in the pre-action survey to 83.89% in the post-action survey.
Students' Perception of Using the Internet to Develop Reading Habits
Authors: Bana Arny
Published: October 2022

The internet ubiquity in education has flooded the teaching and learning process with digital tools and drastically changed many aspects of academic life, including students' reading habits.  This study aimed at exploring students' perceptions of using the internet to develop reading habits. The study employed the qualitative descriptive method with survey design and involved 43 students of the English department of Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of 20 items. The results showed that 43% of the respondents had a positive perception that the internet developed their reading habits. However, the majority of them regarded reading as merely an activity for getting information to finish school assignments. They viewed the internet as the main source of information they needed to finish their learning assignments. Since about one-fifth of them preferred paper-based reading, it was concluded that not the whole of Generation Z members totally ignored printed reading materials.
Secondary School EFL Teachers’ Perception of ICT Use in Learning and Teaching
Authors: Pardede Parlindungan
Published: October 2022

The influx of ICT tools into EFL classrooms has provided an increasing range of possible solutions for refining teaching and learning inputs, processes, and outcomes, and their use can benefit students and teachers. However, ICT implementation in the learning process is affected by various factors, among which teachers’ perception is the most significant. This study aimed at investigating teachers’ perceptions of ICT use in EFL learning activities. To attain the aim, data as collected by asking 32 EFL teachers from various junior and senior high schools in Greater Jakarta to fill in a questionnaire consisting of 60 closed-ended questions. To triangulate and elaborate the quantitative data, 5 open-ended questions were asked to 8 of the participants selected as the interviewees. The results indicate that the teachers had a good level of perception of ICT use in EFL learning and teaching activities. The majority of them had integrated ICT in their EFL classrooms. Regarding the issues related to facilities and technical expertise they sometimes encountered, they either asked for help from technicians or colleagues. Many of them also agreed with the importance of attending training to enhance their skills in using ICT in learning and teaching.
Utilizing the RAFT Strategy: Its Effects on the Writing Performance of Filipino ESL Learners
Authors: Kabigting Ryan
Published: October 2022

This experimental research described the effects of RAFT strategy on the writing performance of 10th graders Filipino ESL learners. Forty learners were identified as having nearly the same performance and grouped as experimental and control. The writing tasks used were taken from the actual module used by the Department of Education-Philippines in classroom learning. Two groups were rated using a scoring rubric. The researcher used t-tests, means, and standard deviations included in the Social Sciences Statistical Package (SPSS). The study revealed that the participants had more or less the same knowledge on essay writing. The post-experimental test taught through the RAFT strategy obtained a score of 91.35 percent described as Outstanding while the control group exposed under the conventional strategy had an 88.55, Very Satisfactory. Moreover, both groups have significant differences between their pretests and posttests. A statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group as the p-value of .011, which is lower than the critical value of 5 percent, in persuasive and argumentative essay writing performance was found. Hence, the use of RAFT as a strategy in teaching writing is found to be effective in teaching persuasive and argumentative essays.
The Philippine Online News Headlines on COVID-19 Pandemic: An Interpersonal Metafunction Analysis
Authors: Kabigting Ryan
Published: October 2022

This paper carries on a tentative interpersonal metafunctional analysis of the interpersonal metafunction online news headlines about COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis involved the differences in the mood type distribution, polarity, modality and other lexical characteristics. The findings reveal the dominance of the declarative mood texts tells the particular function of the online news headlines. It's informing the readers, rather than questioning or demanding them. Positive declarative clauses should convey information and convince readers with positive facts. A negative polarity does not imply a negative impression but confirms that a certain issue is inconsistent with what has become apparent. The use of “must” indicates that the speaker has a firm and strong conviction about a particular issue and that the readers are obliged to take the necessary steps in connection with what is believed. Word choices and the clause structure reflect the context of the texts and not the mood adjuncts or the modal verbal operators. Analysis of the functional structural mood text is very useful for understanding the interpersonal relationships between participants.
Preparing Preservice English Language Teachers to Teach at Unprecedented Times: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Yastibas Ahmet Erdost
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has impacted education negatively to a certain extent by suspending schools and universities, ending face-to-face and practical education, and causing a rapid transition to distance education. These changes have led to several negative effects on teachers and students such as anxiety, stress, and depression, which demonstrates the importance of teacher preparedness to teach at unprecedented times such as COVID-19. Therefore, assessing and evaluating teacher preparedness has become significant. One way to do this is to evaluate teacher education programs with a new perspective developed considering the effects of COVID-19 on education. Therefore, the present study aimed to find out how teacher education programs can prepare teachers to teach at unprecedented times by focusing on the English language teacher education program (ELTEP) of Turkey. It was designed as a qualitative study in which the ELTEP of Turkey was used as the data collection tool. The collected data were content analyzed. The findings have shown that the ELTEP of Turkey can prepare preservice English language teachers to teach at unprecedented times through three psychological courses, five technology courses, and 21 pedagogical courses. The findings were discussed, and suggestions for further studies were made.
Morphological Teaching Strategies to Enhance Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge and Reading Comprehension
Authors: Sulistyawati Elizabeth , Nugroho Alvian , Bram Barli
Published: October 2022

A number of studies have shown that morphological awareness contributes to the improvement of the comprehension of student reading and vocabulary learning, interest in the importance of language acquisition and instruction of morphological awareness is increasing. This research emphasizes the use of morphological techniques used in reading comprehension to enhance the vocabulary awareness of prefixes and suffixes of students and to contribute to the development of vocabulary acquisition. This literature review was conducted to incorporate research results to assess whether such training led to increased understanding of reading and development of vocabulary. First, researchers need to collect relevant information related to morphological and teaching strategies in the teaching and learning process of English. Second, researchers can analyze data regarding the advantages and disadvantages of morphological strategies and instructions in the English teaching and learning process. Third, researchers identified the important role of morphological awareness that has been applied by students and the need to implement morphological strategies to help second language learners to acquire English language skills. Finally, learners can conclude some important things related to the application of morphology learning strategies to engage the teaching and learning process so that learners can achieve learning objectives regularly.
Speaking Self-Efficacy of EFL Students of Pre-Service Teaching Program in EFL Classroom Setting
Authors: Darmawan  , Alam Satria P. , Nirma Oliva Nurhayati
Published: October 2022

The standing grown of academic self-efficacy as a theoretical framework of independent contributor to task performance of language skills such as speaking has been widely recognized. Considerable amount of researches has also found self-efficacy in EFL context is still roughly challenging. The present research attempts to explain speaking self-efficacy of 35 EFL students of pre-service teaching program who enrolled in speaking advanced class in EFL classroom setting. The result showed the average percentage of student’s self-efficacy in the mastery of speaking skill was 79% which was high. The highest point of those questionnaires was students believed on their personal ability in the mastery of speaking skill (82%). while the lowest point of questionnaires was factors’ influencing students’ in public speaking in EFL classroom setting (77%). The average percentage of students’ self-efficacy in the mastery of speaking skill can grow with effort was categorized as high scale (79%). This research also revealed that students’ sources of self-efficacy based on their positive experiences of task accomplishments, observing role model performances, verbal persuasions, their effort, persistence/resilience that they exerted when obstacles arise, and emotional states. Self-efficacy level of one student with another’s was different despite having the same score and it has nothing to do with gender. Individuals with high levels of self-efficacy approach difficult tasks as challenges to master rather than as threats to be avoided
Teacher Trainees’ Perspectives on Storytelling in Primary EFL Classrooms
Authors: Çelik Korkmaz Şule
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged EFL teacher trainers to find new pathways to prepare teacher trainees (TTs) for future classrooms. For the TTs enrolled in the Teaching English to Young Learners (TEYLs) course, telling stories effectively is of utmost important. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the TTs’ perspectives on creating and telling storybooks in EFL primary classrooms besides the necessity for being trained to tell stories effectively via their out-of-class video-recorded microteaching sessions. The data were collected via the questionnaire and the focus group interviews. The findings revealed: (1) the TTs approved the necessity of creating and telling stories in primary EFL classrooms, which indicates their developed cognition regarding the pedagogical advantages of telling stories to children; (2) effective and interactive storytelling skills were associated with the story teller’s narration skills, tone of voice, mimicry, gesture, and interaction skills; (3) the TTs were more in favor of the necessity for being trained to tell a story effectively through face-to-face education than through online education despite reporting several pros and cons of both ways; (4) female TTs were more in favour of creating story books and the necessity for being trained to tell a story effectively via face-to-face training.
The Effectiveness of Using Learn Social Online Platform Toward Speaking Skills of English Literature 2018 Students of Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Rahayu Sri Dewi
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the effectiveness of the Learn Social online platform on the speaking skills of English Literature 2018 students of University of Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this research is to know the Learn Social online platform is effective in improving the speaking skills of students of English Literature 2018, University of Sumatera Utara. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method and the indicators used in determining the effectiveness are those proposed by Slavin (2000). The results of this study indicate that three of four indicators of the Learn Social online platform are effective on students’ speaking skills, except the indicator of instruction is not yet effective. This can be seen through the results of the questionnaires that were distributed to respondents, English Literature 2018 students, University of Sumatera Utara. Four indicators are instruction (not effective), the appropriate level of instruction (effective), incentive (effective), and time (effective).
Exploring Students' Perception of Using Grammarly to Check Grammar in Their Writing
Authors: Fitriana Kesi , Nurazni Laeli
Published: October 2022

There are many online platforms that can help students to check their grammar. To correct their writing, students usually use online grammar checkers such as Grammarly. This research was conducted to know the English department students’ perspective of Grammarly software as the media to check the grammar in their writing. This research was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were taken through a questionnaire. By conducting this research, researchers hope that students can have an idea about Grammarly as one of the online grammar checkers. The result of this research showed that Grammarly gives beneficial for students. Grammarly really helps the students to correct their writing. However, Grammarly still has some drawbacks, such as miscorrection and limited features for the free version, yet students agree that Grammarly helps them a lot.
EFL Students' Perception on the Use of Voice Note to Reduce Their Speaking Anxiety
Authors: Hapsari Audrey Ayu , Inayati Dian , Wardani Sri
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak has forced our education process into online learning. Unfortunately, the suddenness has left both teachers and students unprepared, causing students to experience some degree of anxiety, particularly in foreign language speaking skills. This study aims to investigate students’ perception of voice notes to reduce students’ speaking anxiety. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey study and used a questionnaire as the instrument. The participants of this study were tenth-grade students of SMAN 1 Malang who took extra English class as their cross-interest subject in high school. This study showed positive responses regarding using voice notes in a speaking activity conducted in ELT class as students thought it could reduce their speaking anxiety. Voice note then provides a new learning media that is less stressful and pressuring on ELT in an online setting.
Young Learners' Attitudes and Motivation towards Learning English in terms of Dörnyei’s Theory of Motivation
Authors: Demirbulak Dilara , Zeyrek Gülşah
Published: October 2022

This study tries to explore young learners' attitudes and motivation towards learning English via Dörnyei’s motivational self-system. Designed as a qualitative study, the study employs interview schedules and an observation checklist that were adopted from Dörnyei and Csizer (2006) and a questionnaire designed by Ryan (2005). The data collection tools were, then, developed by the advisor and the researcher of the study upon expert opinion. The study was carried out with 57 primary school second-grade students from a state primary school in both face-to-face and online settings. The data were analyzed by thematic content analysis and coding via the Nvivo program. According to the results of the study, a positive learning environment and activities are significant factors that have an impact on young learners' attitudes and motivation to learn English. Regardless of the teaching environment, students' attitudes were mainly positive towards learning English and they were intrinsically motivated. This is especially important in countries where English proficiency is not as high as expected.
Students’ Perception on Using Short Story to Develop Vocabulary at SMP Regina Caeli Cileungsi
Authors: Sembiring Marcelia
Published: October 2022

Short stories are believed to be a powerful educational tool and play critical roles in EFL classrooms as they provide advantageous authentic learning material, facilitate language development, offer cultural enrichment, and boost personal involvement. This study aimed at describing students' perception of using short stories to develop vocabulary. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, the study was conducted at SMP Regina Caeli Bogor in April 2020 and involved 59 eighth graders Data was collected using an online questionnaire. The findings showed that the participants had a positive perception of using short stories to develop vocabulary. Thus, the majority of students at SMP Regina Caeli Cileungsi viewed the use of a short story as interesting, useful, and easy to develop English vocabulary.
Exploring the Organization and Framing of the Literature Review of English Language Education Study Program Theses
Authors: Andriani Erina
Published: October 2022

Literature reviews provide the literature that illustrates the common knowledge and the researchers’ stand in their research. The literature review is designed with suitable organization and framing so the readers can build their knowledge. However, only few studies on the organization and framing of a literature review. Therefore, the researcher wanted to conduct a study on English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) theses. There are two research questions in this research: “How are the literature reviews of the ELESP students’ theses organized?” and “How are the literature reviews of the ELESP students’ theses framed?” The goal of this research is to explore the organization and framing of the literature review of the ELESP students’ theses. This research used content analysis. The data were gathered from thirty theses in education and linguistic fields from batch 2016 to 2018. The instruments to gather the data were two structured observation sheets for the organization and framing. The result shows that for the organization, thirty theses used thematic organization, none of them used chronological organization, and combinations of organization existed. Regarding the framing, some elements, author, year, topic, and result, were always mentioned in every observed thesis.
The Role of Error Correction in Teaching and Learning of English from the Cognitive Load Perspective: A Case Study
Authors: Yılmaz Virlan Ayşe
Published: October 2022

In second language teaching and learning, making errors is inevitable as language learning requires a lot of cognitive effort and concentration on the part of learners. Understanding the types and frequencies of student errors is, therefore, an important issue for ESL and EFL teachers to determine how students can be helped to improve their skills through instruction. This case study focuses on the frequency and types of errors and aims to identify any possible relationship between learner-based errors and the perceived cognitive load of the student. Data was received through 36 essays written by an adult learner of English who received 104 hours of formal instruction. The instruction was designed pursuing Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), and corrective feedback was provided. At the end of each month, a subjective cognitive load scale was applied to identify the perceived cognitive load of the learner. Errors were regarded as indicators of the student’s developmental competence and were analyzed not as a failure but as a sign in reflecting the learner’s progress. The results revealed that an improvement in the writings of the learner can be observed when the perceived cognitive load of the learner is lowered in the second language learning process.
Students' Perception of Using Storytelling Technique to Improve Speaking Performance at SMPN 143 Jakarta Utara
Authors: Natasia Greta , Angelianawati Luh
Published: October 2022

Speaking is an essential skill to master in every foreign language learning. It even can be used to measure a foreign language learner’s success. However, learning to speak a foreign language, particularly English, is extremely difficult for beginners and to help them using storytelling is highly recommended (Haven, 2000; Caine, et al., 2005). However, learners’ perception is one of the most important success factors in any learning technique, including storytelling, because they are among the main stakeholders of learning. This study aims at exploring students’ perception of storytelling techniques use to improve speaking. Involving 74 students of SMPN 143 North Jakarta, the data was collected using a set of questionnaires. The results show that the participants had a positive perception of the use of storytelling techniques. They found the technique interesting, beneficial, and easy to use.
Online Reading Strategies in EFL: A Review
Authors: Pardede Parlindungan
Published: October 2022

Online reading strategies have been a crucial issue in EFL learning because reading strategies are essential for students reading comprehension and the increasing penetration of information and communication technology into foreign language learning has transformed reading and current studies have shown that online text reading requires new strategies. This article presented the findings of a systematic review of 20 research on online reading strategies in EFL learning published in 2011-2021. The findings of the studies focusing on the strategy used for EFL online reading show that the most frequently used reading strategies were problem-solving strategies, which is followed by global reading strategies, and finally support strategies as the least frequently used strategies. The findings concerning the correlation of online reading strategies and other variables of reading are inconclusive because each of the studies correlates online reading with different reading variables. Results of studies focusing on the effectiveness of online reading strategies are also inconclusive because each of them investigated the effect of online reading strategies on different variables. Thus, more and more studies are needed to provide a clearer understanding of online reading strategies.
Synthesis of new multitope tetrazole-containing ligands
Authors: Grigoriev Evgeny Y. , Ivashkevich Ludmila S. , Lyakhov Alexander S. , Grigorieva Inna M. , Grigoriev Yuri V. , Ivashkevich Oleg A.
Published: October 2022

Drawing the experience of 5-phenyl- and 5-pyridyltetrazoles, it was shown that classical nitration-reduction methods in combination with typical alkylation reactions of tetrazole derivatives can be used to obtain multitopic polynuclear tetrazole-containing ligands. Methods for the preparation of a number of previously undescribed polynuclear tetrazole derivatives, including those combining both tetrazole and pyridine rings in the molecule, have been developed. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds were determined by elemental analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and IR spectroscopy. For (5-(pyridin-2-yl)tetrazol-2-yl)(5-(pyridin-2-yl)tetrazol-1-yl)methane the crystalline structure was determined and it was found that this compound forms a 3D polymer framework due to non-classical hydrogen bonds. In its crystal structure there is a network of π – π stacking interactions between tetrazole rings of neighbouring molecules, as well as between pyridine rings.
Review of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2022
Authors: Smith Jaki , Richards Darcy , Stannard Robin , Fouarge Noémie
Published: October 2022

PRESENTED in a hybrid format for the first time, this year’s European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress welcomed over 19,000 respiratory professionals, with over 10,000 attending in-person in Barcelona, Spain. Known for its stunning buildings, Barcelona is home to many unusual architectural wonders, including Antoni Gaudí’s Casa Batlló, which was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. For those who could not attend personally, a panoramic view of the city could be seen behind the presenters in the studio.
The Impact of Crisis on Healthcare
Authors: Meunier-McVey Natasha
Published: October 2022

IN THIS pertinent session, which took place on the second day of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress 2022, in Barcelona, Spain, experts discussed the impact of crisis on both healthcare providers and patients. Chaired by Anita Simonds, Emeritus Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Imperial College London, UK, and Arzu Yorgancıoğlu, Professor and Head of the Department of Pulmonology at Celal Bayar University, Turkey, the session saw experts and patient representatives share their experiences following the crisis of the Ukraine war.
Modulating the Expression of Multiple Surface Receptors on Epithelial Cells and Promoting Lung Macrophage Anti-viral Functions by OM-85 Inhibits Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Ubags Niki , von Garnier Christophe
Published: October 2022

The emergence of a new virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 triggered a global pandemic, forcing much of the world to adopt lockdown strategies and leading to extraordinary threats to the global healthcare system. The clinical manifestations of the disease, referred to as COVID-19, range from mild, self-limiting flu-like respiratory illness to life-threatening multi-organ failure and death. The rapid progress in our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis has led the development of effective vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and anti-viral agents. However, a major cause of concern is the continuous and rapid emergence of new mutations that can progressively decrease sensitivity to the existing anti-COVID-19 tools. Safe, affordable, and widely available treatments are therefore urgently needed to reduce the frequency and/or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OM-85 is a standardised lysate of bacterial strains widely used for the prophylaxis of airway recurrent infections in adults and children with an excellent safety profile. In experimental animal models and in clinical trials this compound was shown to possess anti-viral activities through immunomodulatory responses, but also by inhibiting infection. The positive results reported in models of common respiratory virus infection has recently encouraged researchers from three independent groups to evaluate whether OM-85 could also affect SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of these studies are summarised in this review.
A Nineteenth-Century Catholic Translation of the Qur’an into Italian by Vincenzo Calza, Pontifical Consul General of Algiers
Authors: Stella Federico
Published: October 2022

This article addresses the first complete Italian translation of the Qur’an, Il Corano, versione italiana con commento e una notizia biografica di Macometto, which was authored by Vincenzo Calza, the first Pontifical General Consul in Algiers, and published in 1847. After contextualising the author and his work with a brief biographical introduction, the article identifies the origins of Calza’s interest in his study of Islam and the Qur’anic text, as well as his objective in engaging with these subjects. It then turns to his translation, Il Corano, and traces back the sources used by Calza in his introduction to and translation of the Qur’anic text, and the critical apparatus he employed. Calza himself claimed that his Qur’an translation was based on the original Arabic text with the help of Kazimisrki’s translation, Le Koran, and Carlo Alfonso Nallino has stated that Calza’s translation relied heavily on Kazimirski’s first flawed edition of Le Koran (1840), which was, in turn, based on Claude-Étienne Savary’s 1783 translation. Through textual analysis and comparison, in this article we find that, in fact, Calza relied entirely on the second, 1841, edition of Kazimirski's Le Koran, in which Kazimirski corrected many errors that were present in the first edition. Calza also selectively adopted elements from Kazimirski's introduction to his translation, and, through this, much of his methodological apparatus.
Research On Aero Engine Intake Distortion Based On 3D CFD Full Engine Simulation
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Xu Yibing , Wu Wantong ,   Tsinghua University, Liu Wei ,   Tsinghua University, Piao Ying ,   Tsinghua University
Published: October 2022

Intake distortions have large impacts on the performance of aero engines, and the investigations on intake distortions are in great need. Note that the component-decoupled simulations tend to break the constraint of power matching between compressor/turbine, which is key to understanding the underlying complicated process of intake distortions. In the present work, a steady-state three-dimensional component-coupled full engine simulation for a micro-turbojet engine, in which the aerodynamic/power matching is guaranteed, was employed to study the impacts of intake distortion on the engine operating state. The coupled/decoupled simulations are first applied to the states without intake distortion to reveal the advantage of coupled scheme. For intake distortion conditions, two typical adjustment strategies are adopted respectively to make the engine stable at rebalanced operating points, and the performance of the compressor in conjunction with the thrust of the full engine is analysed in detailed. The analytical results show that the matching problems induced by intake distortions are systematically demonstrated by the component-coupled scheme.
Evolution of unsteady vortex structures and rotating stall cells in a centrifugal compressor with vaneless diffuser
Authors:   Tsinghua University, Jiang Siya , Tian Cheng ,   Tsinghua University, Fu Song ,   Tsinghua University
Published: October 2022

The rotating stall in a centrifugal compressor with a vaneless diffuser is investigated using the IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation) method. The flow fields from design to off-design conditions are assessed for comparison. The characteristic frequency of the rotating stall is accurately predicted, illustrated by both the pressure spectra and the velocity signals. This low-frequency peak corresponds to the stall cells, induced by different vortex structures in the impeller passages and the diffuser. Compared with the flow fields of the rotating instability and the near design conditions, a unique flow structure of the rotating stall condition is the longitudinal vortices upstream of the impeller inlet, connecting to the tornado-type vortices in one or two consecutive passages. In the downstream passages, the large-scale vortices on the shroud side cause the blockage. The deformed vortices stretching along streamlines towards the outlet are dominant in the diffuser. Through the high fidelity numerical method, physical mechanisms are analysed in detail to give a new perspective of the rotating stall in a centrifugal compressor.
Investigation of a Highly Loaded Transonic Centrifugal Compressor Using an Advanced Design Method
Authors:   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Feng Luwen , Li * Ziliang ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xue Yapeng ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Wu Yanhui ,   School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University
Published: October 2022

A highly loaded transonic centrifugal compressor is aerodynamically designed and numerically investigated. The objectives are to improve the compressor efficiency by using tandem impeller configuration and 3D free-formed blade design concepts. This approach has the potential to control both the transonic and distorted flows within impeller passages. The results suggest that employing the tandem impeller configuration can significantly improve the compressor efficiency by 1.4%. The efficiency gain is mainly contributed by the improved uniformity of the impeller discharge flow achieved when the newly generated inducer shedding vortices rearrange the secondary flow pattern. Additionally, the location of the impeller passage shock moves downstream due to the potential effect within the tandem impeller and locally changes the back pressure of the inducer. These factors mitigate flow losses in the impeller and diffuser. Furthermore, the 3D design concepts of forward blade sweep and negative lean are employed in the tandem impeller configuration. The forward sweep design of the inducer weakens flow acceleration before the passage shock, and the negative lean design optimizes the secondary flow pattern, so an additional compressor efficiency gain of 0.7% is yielded. The study conducted in this paper provides a valuable reference for future advanced transonic centrifugal compressor designs.
Effect of Fan Blade Vibration Mode on Flutter Stability
Authors:   School of Power and Energy, Northernwestern Polytechnical University, Jia Xinkai , Huang Huang ,   School of Power and Energy, Northernwestern Polytechnical University, Wang Dingxi ,   School of Power and Energy, Northernwestern Polytechnical University
Published: October 2022

The fan blade vibration mode shape has a critical influence on its flutter stability, which could result in potentially disastrous consequences. A numerical study of the effects of vibration mode shape on the fan blade flutter is presented. The first bending mode of a fan blade is decomposed into three fundamental modes: a chord wise plunge motion, a flap wise plunge motion and a twist motion. The aerodynamic works arising from the decomposed three fundamental modes, with the original natural frequency unchanged, are computed by the influence coefficient method, and the least stable fundamental mode as well as the least stable nodal diameter are assessed. In addition, the effect of vibration frequency on flutter stability is also investigated for the three decomposed modes.
Prediction of Engine Intake Noise with Discontinuous Least-Square Finite Element Method in Frequency Domain Acoustics
Authors:   AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd., Zhang Xinwen , Liu Changchun ,   AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd., Lin Bing ,   AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd.
Published: October 2022

In the frame of efficient passive treatment, intake noise prediction needs improving. This paper presents a novel numerical method for predicting acoustic propagation from axisymmetric ducted fans of high bypass ratio turbofan engine. Non-uniform mean flow convection and acoustic liner treatment is included. The linearized Euler equations are solved in the frequency domain. The spatial discretization is conducted with the discontinuous least-square finite element method so that the resulting algebraic equation is Hermitian conjugate symmetric. Moreover, the high-order accuracy and hp refinement is obtained while memory shared parallel computing strategy is used for convergence acceleration. Based on the near field acoustics, the porous Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation is solved for far field sound pressure level. Benchmark problems including monopole radiation in uniform mean flow and acoustic propagation in sheared mean flow are used to validate the capability. Simulations of the JT15D static test intake noise are performed, where the far field angle of peak sound pressure level, about 60° agrees well with experimental data and numerical data available in the literature.
LES-BASED ANALYSIS OF UNSTEADINESS AND INSTABILITY OF TIPLEAKAGE VORTEX IN TURBINE ROTOR
Authors:   Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, WEI Zuojun , NI Ming ,   Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, REN Guangming ,   Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, ZHAO Lei ,   AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co.
Published: October 2022

The flow leaking through the gap between the blade tips and the casing surface of a turbine rotor is an important source of aerodynamic loss. This paper presents a numerical study of the unsteadiness and instability of tip-leakage flow within the first stage rotor of the GE-E3 high-pressure turbine (HPT). Large-eddy simulation (LES) results show that the leakage flow entering the turbine passage rolls up and forms a winding surface vortex structure, in which the low-velocity vortex core is wrapped by the shear layer. The vortex core may break up and the flow speed in the vortex core drops to zero. The area of the vortex core expands rapidly and forms a reverse flow owing to the centrifugal instability. Further analysis suggests that the unsteadiness in the tip-leakage vortex is mainly caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability of the surface layer. Due to the K-H instability, K-H waving structure is formed on the surface of leakage vortex. Owing to the rolling up of the K-H wave, spanwise vorticity is generated, and a series of vortex joint structures is formed, which increases the dissipation within the leakage vortex. Moreover, the self-induced helical instability and oscillation of the vortex core breakdown are suggested as contributing factor for the additional low-frequency unsteadiness within the tip-leakage vortex.