bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Cohesive Approach to High-density Communities: Co-living and Modular Integrated Construction as a Way Forward
Authors: Zheng Ying-Sheng , Yeung Alex , Shing Koon Kwan , Law Mei Yun , Lee Samuel , Lee Ivy
Published: November 2020

Limited land resources and dense population result in high living density in Hong Kong, where the current housing supply is not able to fulfill the growing housing demand, which leads to a crowded living environment and an elevated housing price. Thus, there is an urgent need to accelerate the delivery of new housing. Moreover, this high density living might increase psychological stress, due to the reduction in privacy and limited social interactions. Under these circumstances, creating co-living communities using the Modular Integrated Construction (MiC) methods could be beneficial in addressing these issues. Co-living facilitates social interactions and reduces living costs through the sharing of living spaces, while applying the MiC method shortens the construction process, mitigates labour shortage and on-site pollution through its modularised design and off-site production.

This study aims to introduce a framework of creating a co-living community, through the case study of a pilot co-living project called “InnoCell” located in Hong Kong and designed by Leigh & Orange Ltd. In this project, diversified communal services are integrated to accommodate the increasing needs for social activities in addition to providing shelter. MiC methods of construction are applied to the living units, which shorten the construction time, mitigate the noise and air pollution on site, allow better quality control and minimise substandard works through off-site production. Daylight and air ventilation conditions are also examined to evaluate the indoor environmental conditions. In micro and macro perspectives, InnoCell will not only influence the residents’ lifestyle, but is also likely to initiate a new trend of living in Hong Kong. This study introduces a well-considered co-living design framework with the application of MiC methods, which could be further explored in other regions, especially other high-density cities, e.g. New York, London, and Singapore, etc.
A Study on Fish Reproduction for The Prevention of Species Loss Due to Batik Waste Pollution
Authors: Wijayanti GE , Lestari W
Published: November 2020

Environmental factors, such as textile waste water, affect fish by interfering its reproduction. This study was conducted to examine reproductive performance of fish inhabiting a river that receive batik waste. The fish samples were collected in 5 stations representing upstream area, effluent disposal area, and downstream area. Sex ratio, Gonado Somatic Index (GSI), Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) of female and male was examined, and physicochemical water parameters of each station were measured. Ten species of 8 families were captured. Anabas testudinaeus (n=101), Trichogaster trichopterus (n=310), Mugil sp (n=3), Scatophagus argus (n=8), Valamugil speigleri (n=11), Channa striata (n=2), Bagrus nemurus (n=1), Laiognathus fasciatus (n=2), Oreochromis niloticus (n=1), O. mossambicus (n=5). Mugil sp, V. speigleri, and L. fasciatus were juvenile, and found at the downstream area. The GSI of female and male A. testudinaeus were 0.31-5.52% and 0.34-3.32%; the HSI was 0.77-2.01% and 0.68-1.79%. The GSI of female and male T. trichopterus were 0.12-7.9% and nd-3,7%; the HSI was 0.77-2.17% and 0.6-2.0%. The BOD level ranged from 13.81 ± 6.13 to 47.58 ± 32.59 mg.L−1, COD was between 190 ± 80 and 435 ± 196 mg.L−1, DO was from 0 to 1.37 ± 1.62 mg.L−1, level phenol ranged from 0.50 ± 0.34 to 4.20 ± 1.6 µg.L−1. Fish of Meduri River were reproductively active but only those resistant to low water quality reproduced successfully.
The Daily Activity of Long Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis Raffles) in Cikakak Tourist Resort Wangon Banyumas (a Conservation Effort)
Authors: Nasution Erie Kolya , Rukayah Siti
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to record the daily activity of long-tail macaques (Macaca fascicularis Raffles) in Cikakak Tourist Resort Wangon. The daily activity of monkey was taken by the Scan Sampling method, and their moving behavior was observed with the Chivers method by following them from the time they began to wake up to they started to sleep. The Path method was applied to observe plant varieties they ate. Based on the observation, it was found that the long-tailed macaques have consumed 64 plant types (35 families) consisting of 21 trees, 33 shoots, and 24 buds. Syzygium polyanthum and Ficus sp were the dominant plants in the area. The macaque activities mostly performed in the morning, while in the evening, they seemed to take a rest.
Renoprotective Effects of Lycopene in Tomato Extracts on Rat Exposed to Cadmium
Authors: Hernayanti  , Santoso S , Lestari S , Prayogo L , Kamsinah  , Rochmatino
Published: November 2020

Cadmium is a heavy metal widely used in human life. When it enters the body, cadmium might bind to metallothionein protein and impair renal function. The renal function decrease usually is characterized by raise of β2-microglobulin, creatinine, ureum and uric acid levels, which possibly be cured by lycopene, and antioxidant found in tomato. The objective of the study was to determine the effective lycopene dose as a renoprotective of Cd exposure. Twenty four Wistar rats used in this study were divided into six groups (four individuals in each group). Group I was the negative control, Group II was given 5.6 mg/kgBW CdSO4 as a positive control. Group III, IV and V were given 5.6 mg/kgBW CdSO4 and tomato extract of 0.36, 0.72 and 1.08 mg/kgBW/day respectively. Group VI exposed to CdSO4, and after seven days an additional 0.3 mg/kgBW/day of dimercaprol was administered for 14 days as a comparison to tomato. The parameters observed were levels of Cd, creatinine, and β2-microglobulin in blood level. Observations were made on day 0 and day 22. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (F-test), followed by the Duncan test. The results showed that all treatments and dimercaprol could reduce the levels of Cd, creatinine, ureum, uric acid, and β2-Microglobulin. The optimal decrease was observed in the rats administered with 1.08 mg/kgBW/day. Tomato extract dose 1.08 mg/kgBW was the highest in lowering levels of blood Cd, β2-M, creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels.
Daily Activity of Wild Bee Pollinators on Strawberry in Highland Agriculture, Eastern Slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java
Authors: Darsono  , Widhiono Imam
Published: November 2020

Wild bees have a vital role in complementing social bee pollination in an agricultural landscape. Pollination effectiveness of wild bee depends on the daily activity of individual bees visiting flowers. This research aimed to understand the activity of wild bees visiting and pollinating flowers of strawberry. A survey has been done from April to July 2018 using scan sampling in 30 plants of strawberry. The results showed that strawberry flowers were visited by five bee species (Nomia melanderi, Campsomeris fasciata, Ceratina dupla, Amegilla zonata, andLasioglossum malachurum). The daily activity of wild bee showed significant differences between species (p<0,05), but all species have the same pattern of pollination activity. The highest activity found between 9.00 and 12.00 pm and tended to decrease at the end of the day. The activity of wild bees to visiting flowers affected by daily temperature (r = 0,86). The conclusion was that wild bee species are highly competitive in food resources at midday. Some species showed ecological separation throughout the day. This research found that wild bee species have an important contribution to cash crop pollination in the agriculture area.
Effects of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Jew’s Ear Mushrooms (Auricularia auricula) on Cytotoxic and Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa)
Authors: Ekowati Nuraeni , Maharning Ardhini R , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek I , Mumpuni Aris , Hikam Arif R
Published: November 2020

The increasing number of people living with cervical cancer encourages the search for bioactive compounds from natural ingredients such as macroscopic fungi that have the potential to induce apoptosis. Jew’s ear fungus (Auricularia auricula) is an edible mushroom that is also commonly used by society for medicinal purposes including curing cancer. The study aimed to examine the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects of ethyl acetate extract from the mushroom on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro. The research consisted of experiments. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative tests were carried out using MTT (3- (4-5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, while apoptosis test was the double staining method using acridine orange/ethidium bromide. The data of cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects were analyzed with linear regression, whereas apoptosis test result was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the best cytotoxic effect was ethyl acetate extract of mushroom fruit body with IC50 of 538 µg/ml. Antiproliferative analysis of HeLa cells showed the best inhibitory effect of the mushroom fruit body extract at 24-hour incubation time. The apoptosis test showed that HeLa cell death through apoptosis mechanisms was higher than by necrosis.
Growth and Anatomical Responses of Gogo Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Var. Inpago Unsoed 1 to Paclobutrazol Application
Authors: Hardiyati Triani , Budisantoso Iman , Samiyarsih Siti
Published: November 2020

The improvement of gogo rice production in dryland is constrained by its extraordinary height, which leads to falling, and its long lifespan. The shorter gogo rice plant can be obtained through growth inhibition using paclobutrazol. Gogo rice plant var. Inpago Unsoed 1 was used during the study. An experimental study was performed using factorial completely randomized design. The main factor was four paclobutrazol concentrations (0,100, 200, and 300 ppm). The sub-main factor was paclobutrazol application time after planting (three, four, and five weeks). The results showed that the interaction between paclobutrazol concentration and application time was highly significantly affecting plant height. The most appropriate treatment resulting in optimum plant height was the combination of 100 ppm paclobutrazol applied four weeks after planting. Interaction between paclobutrazol concentration and application time also significantly affect stem diameter, leaf width, and stomata number in the lower leaf epidermis. However, there was no significant effect of paclobutrazol observed on stomata size. The significant result of the combination of paclobutrazol concentration and the application time was also supporting tissue thickness. The thickest tissue was obtained by 300 ppm of paclobutrazol applied five weeks after plantation.
Reproductive Characters of the Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw) in Babakan Village, Karang Lewas District, Banyumas, Central Java
Authors: Susatyo P , Umami R , Sukmaningrum S
Published: November 2020

One of the villages in Banyumas Regency which provides a high potential habitat for ricefield eel (Monopterus albus Zuieuw), a protogynous hermaphrodite, is Babakan. However, information concerning their reproduction cycles is lacking. This research aimed to understand the reproductive characters including Gonad Maturity Level (GML), Gonad Maturity Index (GMI), fecundity, egg diameter, and to examine the correlation of body length with both GML and GMI of the fish. We applied the survey method with purposive sampling design. The sampling was done once in a month for four times from November 2017 to March 2018. There were 30 samples for each sampling time (total of 120 eels). The results showed that the ricefield eels underwent intersex phase at a body length of 30.5-30.7 cm. The fish less than 30.5 cm were females, and those more than 30.7 cm was a male. The ricefield eel sex based on stages of gonad development was GML I (there were oocytes equipped with nucleus and cytoplasm), GML II (the presence of cortical alveoli stage), GML III (the stage of vitellogenesis), and GML IV (mature stage). The presence of degenerated oocytes and testicular lobes characterized their intersex stage. A testicular lobe characterized the male stage. The dominant GML during November, December, January, and March were GML I and II, GML I and II, GML III, and GML IV, respectively. Fecundity of the ricefield eels during the research was between 207 and 370 eggs, with an average of 252 eggs. The egg diameter of 0.22-2.5 mm indicated that the ricefield eel was on the batch spawner. The highest GMI of the eels occurred in January between 00017 and 0.0242 during the entire month of sampling. The body length of the fish did not correlate to their GML. On the other hand, their body length correlated to their GMI.
The Discontinuous Feeding Effects of Chlorella vulgaris Supplemented Feed on the Gourami Body Composition
Authors: Simanjuntak Sorta Basar Ida
Published: November 2020

Chlorella vulgaris is a green alga rich in nutrients. Research on supplementing the alga into the fish feed (4 g/kg) fed discontinuously to gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) was conducted. The purposes of this study were to determine the body composition of gourami intermittently fed with C. vulgaris supplement and to obtain the best treatment for the fish body composition. Twenty-four fish were separated into four treatment groups, with three replicates. These consisted of control, daily fed fish (C), once a week fasted fish (P1), twice a week fasted fish (P2), and three times a week fasted fish (P3). The experiments were conducted for 56 days. Data on body composition were measured at the end of the study. The results showed that the feeding of C. vulgaris supplement of 4 g/kg feed could improve the gourami body composition. The fish that fasted for two days a week demonstrated the best body composition. The success of gourami cultivation is mostly determined by the feed given to increase the nutritional value of the body. Thus, in cultivation, gourami was suggsted to feed with a C. vulgaris supplement of 4 g/kg and fasted two days a week.
Reproduction Characteristics of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland in Different Developmental Stage
Authors: Rachmawati FN , Sistina Y
Published: November 2020

The reproductive characters provide information about the gonad maturity of eel. The prepubertal stage occurs in the yellow eel, and the pubertal stage achieves in the silver eel. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive characters of tropical eel,Anguilla bicolorMcClelland in the different developmental stages. Eels with 33 - 81 cm ± 13.54 length, and weight of 98 - 1062 g ± 262.99 were used to determine their reproductive characters. The variables observed were the total length, body weight, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), eye index and estradiol levels. The results showed that total length, body weight and GSI of silver eels were higher than yellow eels (P < 0.01). Total length, body weight, and GSI were 66.09 cm ± 9.34, 556.83 g ± 236.24, and 2.12% ± 1.88 respectively. The eye index and plasma estradiol level of yellow eel, pre-silver, and silver eel were similar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, there are many differences in reproduction characteristics between a yellow and silver eels. The gonad of silver eel is more mature than that of a yellow eel.
Chromium Removal of Batik Wastewater using Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.
Authors: Dewi RS , Mumpuni A , Yusiana RA
Published: November 2020

Indigosol red is one of batik dye used in Indonesia’s batik industry. This industrial activity produces wastewater. Based on wastewater quality standards, it is explained that chromium (Cr) is one of the parameters in the standard of textile waste quality. Several selected fungi are potential to decolorize and remove heavy metal chromium from batik wastewater. Some fungal strains, such as Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., isolated from batik wastewater, have been elaborated in this study, with Phanerochaeta chrysoporium as comparative isolate. This research reports the value of Cr in several batik wastewater in Banyumas Regency, and also discussed the role of these fungal removals of heavy metals from batik wastewater. The effect of the incubation period and the amount of biomass on the removal were also studied. Analysis of Cr content from wastewater sample ranged <0.12-1.01 mg/L. The results showed that the fungi were able to remove the Cr of batik wastewater. The range of values of Cr reduction varies from 83 to 86%. The most effective fungi to decolorize and remove chromium was Penicillium sp. in 5 day incubation time, with the largest biomass of 0.64 g. Penicillium sp. can be used as chromium removal.
Modified Tea Bag Biosorbent as Cr (VI) Removal in Batik Wastewater
Authors: Lestari Sri , Dewi Ratna Stia , Wibowo Eko Setio , Atang
Published: November 2020

Batik wastewater contains heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. One of these metals is Cr (VI). Cr (VI) on batik wastewater has been removed by biosorption. Biosorption capacity depends on the biosorbent type and surface area. Abundant, cheap, and readily available biosorbent is straw and baglog waste. A modified tea bag can increase biosorben surface area. This research aimed to obtain the optimum biosorbent ratio and pH of Cr (VI) adsorption capacity. The experiments were conducted using a Split Plot design. The collected data were analyzed using F-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the highest of Cr adsorbed was 0,0047 mg/g with efficiency decrease was 84,23% in the biosorbent ratio of 3:1 and pH 5. Modified teabag biosorbent was effective in removal Cr in batik wastewater.
Impact of Wild Bees (Apis cerana) and Stingless Bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) to Some Crops of Small-Scale Farm in West Java
Authors: Putra RE , Rustam FA , Rosmiati M , Kinasih I
Published: November 2020

One of the essential ecosystem services which profoundly affect the human population is pollination. Studies in subtropical countries which applies modern and expansive agricultural systems showed the significant impact of pollinator agent. However, the study on pollination service impact on the productivity of farms in Indonesia is quite rare. This research was conducted to determine pollination efficiency both open pollination by wild bees (Apis cerana) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps) to the quality and quantity of green beans, cucumbers, and tomatoes in a monocropping system of a local small-scale farm. This research was conducted from January to April 2018 in Sukawangi Village, Pamulihan, Sumedang, West Java. The observation was started at 08.00-16.00 every five minutes during the flowering period. In these experiments, ten flowers that still not bloomed, in each of 10 plants per treatment were randomly selected. The effects of the pollinator were assessed by the visitation pattern of visits and plant reproductive success. This study showed that each of the pollination treatments did not affect the weight and the average length of all tested fruits. However, the application of stingless bees as pollinator revealed a significant difference in the average diameter (p=0.013) and fruit shape of the cucumbers.
Development of Genetically Improved Farmed African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus; A Review and Lessons Learned from Indonesian Fish Breeding Program
Authors: Imron Imron , Iswanto Bambang , Suparapto Rommy , Marnis Huria
Published: November 2020

African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is an introduced species and has been an important food supporting the fulfillment of food security in Indonesia. Along with increasing popularity as a farmed fish, it gradually showed lower aquaculture performance due in part to the deterioration of genetic quality of fry resulting from inappropriate and uncontrolled of broodstock. An African catfish breeding program aimed to cope with the problem was set in 2010 at the Research Institute for Fish Breeding, Sukamandi, Indonesia. Started with four founder populations, namely Egypt (29%), Paiton (27%), Sangkuriang (24%), and Dumbo (20%), a synthetic base population was established in 2011, and an individual selection targeting on growth improvement was conducted. A hundred broodstock were spawned to produce breeding candidates, and 5 percent of best-performing fish were selected in each generation. Genetic parameters (genetic gain and genetic variability) and a series of aquaculture performance-related traits including growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), productivity, resistance to disease, size uniformity, and benefit/cost ratio were recorded. Following three successive generations of selection, over 50% of the accumulative genetic gain was obtained. This genetic gain consisted of 20%, 11%, and 20% from the first, second, and third generations, respectively. Field farm tests aiming at comparing the aquaculture performance of the selected strain against the existed local strains also showed promising results. It was 10-40% better in growth, 15-70% better in productivity, 2-9 times higher in benefit-cost ratio, shorter growing period (45-60 days), lower feed conversion ratio (0.6-0.8 in nursery and 0.6-1.0 in grow out) and higher survival (60-70%) following challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophyla infection. It also produced a higher uniformity in size, 80-90% in the fry production stage, and 70-80% in grow-out production. It seemed that there was an indication of positively correlated responses among growth and those traits. Selective breeding in African catfish by applying individual selection carried out at RIFB was managed to obtain a significant genetic improvement while maintaining genetic diversity.
The Utilization of Seaweeds as An Inexpensive Source of New Drugs Agent
Authors: Negara BFSP , Oktoviani  , Nugraheni E , Kusuma AB , Kontesa R , Putra ED , Siallagan D , Herliany NE , Purnama D
Published: November 2020

The human population growth has been followed by an infection rate increase of pathogenic bacteria. The continual use of synthetic antibacterial chemicals has negative effects, pathogenic bacterial resistance of high doses. Therefore, the discovery of a new antibacterial agent is an urgent need. The search for new drug agents as antibacteria has expanded to marine organisms, especially seaweeds. This research aimed to measure the clear zone of seaweeds against bacterial tests and to evaluate the ability of seaweed as an antibacterial agent. The seaweed samples were collected from Pantai Panjang, Bengkulu, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling method. Maceration method used to extract the antibacterial agent from seaweeds. Agar diffusion method was used as an antibacterial activity assay against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, and Staphylococcus aureus as the tested bacteria. There were three species of seaweeds found in the location e.g., Halimeda discoidea, Halimeda micronesica, and Caulerpa taxifolia. The antibacterial assay indicated that H. discoidea and C. taxifolia have the antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria with a clear zone that categorized into moderate and high. Meanwhile, H. micronesica had the potential as an antibacterial agent against E. coli and S. typhii with a clear zone categorized into moderate and high. In the future, it could be a potential new drug agent, especially for an antibacterial agent.
Diversity of Trichodina spp. on The Larvae of Freshwater Fish in Banyumas and Surrounding Areas of Central Java
Authors: Rokhmani  , Darsono  , Riwidiharso Edy
Published: November 2020

Trichodina sp. has a fast-splitting reproduction ability, and it is widespread, infect more than one species of fish. Freshwater fish cultivation increases every year, but high mortality caused by this parasite occurs. Research to determine Trichodina sp. on freshwater fish larvae was conducted in the district of Exs. Banyumas Residency, Central Java. We used a survey method to collect the fish larvae samples consisting of tawes, mujaher, nilem, and bawal of hatchery centers in Purbalingga, Banyumas, and Banjarnegara. Isolation and identification of parasites were conducted at the Parasitology-Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology. The results showed that the prevalence of Trichodiniasis in freshwater fish from Banyumas, Banjarnegara, and Purbalingga was lower than Trichodiniasis in gourami larvae. Trichodiniasis intensity in freshwater fish was moderate.
Internet of Things-Supported Smart City Platform
Authors: Kumar Raman , Banga Harish Kumar , Kaur Harpreet
Published: November 2020

The modern Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are facilitating projects from smart cities around the world. The IoT offers the ability to track, handle, and operate machines remotely and to create new knowledge and actionable information from vast real-time data sources. Robust and practical approaches to smart cities already faced obstacles. The latest information and communication technology (ICT) implementations for smart cities are focused on specialized structures that are not fully compliant, compact, extensible, or economical throughout cities. This paper highlights how diverse firms are working jointly to diminish the barriers in the way of smart city resolutions, and potential gains along with IoT related problems for cities are addressed. There will be a debate on the needs of intelligent cities, the role of IoT technology to make cities more stylish and better, and the best wireless technology for smart cities. The examples of five cities are shown as cities measured according to several research criteria, including smart grid systems, smart lighting, and the application of digital technologies for traffic, wireless internet, mobile penetration, and app landscape. Secured and trusted smart cities and core security objectives are also presented. Inside a community of IoT technology, large-scale implementation aims to make city operations effective while recovering the quality of life for urban residents.
IoT Solutions for Smart Cities
Authors: Palaniappan Ramya , John Tegil J , Nagaraj V.
Published: November 2020

In recent days, the amount of people migrating to urban regions increases in a notable way. Hence this relocation forces to provide better valuable services to the publics. With the advancement of metering and digital technology, smart cities can be made more smarter with the usage of IoT technology, wherein a lot of real time devices can be smartly interconnected to a centralized network to arrive better engineering solutions. The aim of this article is to provide a wide-ranging review of the various concepts involved in IoT and its several applications. Furthermore, the general architecture of IoT environment and the main challenges posed in the development of IoT environment are also explained.
IoT enabled Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring and Rerouting system using Machine learning algorithms
Authors: Moses Leeban , Tamilselvan  , Raju  , Karthikeyan
Published: November 2020

Massive Internet of Things (IoT) is foretold to introduce surfeit of applications for a fully connected world. The increasingly degrading quality of air in several regions of the biosphere can be a reliable impact of human difficulties of increasing globalization and urbanization. Air pollution levels in many cities exceed legal and World Health Organization (WHO) limits for particulate matter and gaseous pollutants which can be found in concentrations that are hazardous to health. Regular acquaintance to high pollution intensities results in increase of humans affected from respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease and increased mortality. In most of the cities, there is no chance for peoples to apprehend the levels of pollution they are undergoing in their day-to-day lives which is necessary to reduce their risks from poor air quality conditions. The quality of air can be measured by using a parameter named Air quality index. The Key pollutants to calculate Air quality index are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). This work deliberates the implementation of cloud based IoT system for air quality monitoring in which the sensors are used to calculate CO, PM2.5 and PM10, O3, SO2 and NOx pollution level with environmental condition like temperature and humidity. The obtained information can be updated in cloud platform using Lora nodes and Lora Gateway. The web-based application developed has a Google map API where the pollution status can be frequently updated. With the collected time series samples, the prediction analysis was done for PM with neural network Multi-Layer perceptron and support vector machine regression (SVMR) learning algorithm. This can helps a person to travel to any other places by automatically rerouting conditions in a pollution free environment.
Leveraging the Potential of BIM towards Sustainable Construction
Authors: Khattra Satinder Kaur , Rai Hardeep Singh , Singh Jagbir
Published: November 2020

The need to recognize the importance of sustainable construction is becoming a major concern. The innovative technologies around the construction industry can be of major help to achieve the aim of sustainable construction. There are various diverse sustainability rating frameworks around the world, everyone with the same aim of improving the performance of whole building to achieve the goals of creating a healthy built environment. Integration of data is key to sustainable construction which needs a shift from traditional methods of sharing information among various stakeholders. Nowadays, BIM is emerging as more dominant technology by progressively integrating more and more people of the AEC industry. However, the uninterrupted use of digital data information along the complete process sequence falls notably behind other industry sectors. For a successful construction project, an uninterrupted understanding and widespread exchange of information among these stakeholders is essential. Main role of BIM is to improve the collaboration and communication between various people and phases of construction by integration of exchange of information. BIM process, implemented successfully is able to improve the delivery of information in a project and reduce extra cost incurred due to design changes during subsequent construction phases. In this paper to achieve a sustainable BIM model, the capability to share the information using most popular open source, vendor neutral platform IFC, between two of the most accepted BIM software was investigated. Round trip tests were performed for the IFC models produced in two software and an evaluation is made in terms of geometric distortion, information loss and misrepresentation. Several issues were found in exchanging both object geometry information and other semantically significant data. Complete exchange of geometry was not observed in any of the exchanges. The reason for these imperfections is due to the fact that different software prefer to use methods to generate the information in their internal data schemas.
BIM Approach for Sustainable Design of Flat Slab Buildings: A Review
Authors: Goyal Lovnesh Kumar , Rai Hardeep Singh
Published: November 2020

Building Information System (BIM) is a potential digital tool with the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry that is used to represent the projects in three-dimensional models. It provides a central unified database that can be queried, filtered, manipulated and/or changed for analysis, thus providing a collaborative tool for all the stakeholders in the project throughout the life cycle of the project. Positive returns on investments are acceded by the contractors adopting BIM while it helps detect clashes of intersecting building components early in the design stages. BIM is proving of utmost importance while focusing on the development of sustainable buildings and to develop the cities smarter and intelligent. Environmental concerns warrant more and more sustainable buildings to be designed and implemented. BIM has an intrinsic role to play in building design to address the growing environmental concerns such as to reduce carbon footprint, to cut construction and demolition waste, selection of green material, quality of the indoor environment, water conservation, and health factors of inhabitants, etc. In the current practices, the simulation and environmental performance analysis follow the design phase of the project, thus not getting incorporated into the decision making at this stage. Some models of flat slab buildings are generated by some studies where required parameters were assigned to different elements of the building. This paper makes an effort to review the literature regarding the BIM approach to sustainable construction of buildings considering the flat slab models.
Material aspects of high performance concrete
Authors: Vellaichamy Preetha , kumar John Mathew Wilfred Vasanth , Elangovan Arasan , Annadurai Harishkumar , Veerachamy Senthil kumar
Published: November 2020

High performance concrete envisages the better performance concrete in terms of strength and durability properties by the quality of constituent materials. The study emphasis on effect of mineral admixtures such as fly ash and silica fume in high performance concrete. The high performance concrete of grade M60 is prepared with replacement of 10%, 20% and 30% of cement by fly ash and 2 % and 4% of cement by silica fume as mineral admixtures of desired mix proportions as per IS 10262-1982. The chemical admixture of conplast SP430, superplasticizer of 1% is added to ensure better workability for high performance concrete mix. The mechanical properties like workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength for all different cases were studied and the results are compared to find the optimum performance of fly ash and silica fume content. The optimal percentage of fly ash is about 20% with 4% silica fume to have better strength properties.
Effect of Internal Curing Agents in Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Muthusamy Nivethitha , Velmurugan Nandhini , Karthikeyan Yashwanth , Asokan Mohanraj , veerachamy Senthilkumar
Published: November 2020

The scarcity of water is the biggest challenge to India. More amount of water is utilized in construction industries for concrete curing. Steps were taken concentrating in reducing water used for curing. Controlling and monitoring the amount of water in concrete is important for both constructability and service life as the amount of water in concrete controls the properties of concrete. In this project various Internal Curing Agents (ICA) like Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP), Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) and water-saturated lightweight aggregate (LWA) are used in Self compacting concrete (SCC) to investigate its influence in gaining strength to reach the target strength of M40. All these materials work in similar manner that they act as a reservoir, hold water and desorbs the readily available water throughout concrete to continue the hydration process. In this paper all the three ICAs are added individually in concrete and its influence on strength is studied. SAP performs well compared to all other internal curing materials on workability aspect. The workability properties like Slump flow, L Box and V Funnel tests were conducted and all the test results satisfies the standards of EFNARC Codal provision. The effect of different dosages of ICAs in concrete leads to variation in strength parameters. ICAs in concrete mixes can be successfully used concrete structures.
Experimental study on improving the strength of concrete by using self-curing technic with Poly ethylene glycol and super absorbent polymer
Authors: Anil Podeti , Bhikshma V.
Published: November 2020

Increase in infrastructural projects demands the need for workable concrete in the 21st century. With the technological advancement there is a need for looking into an alternate solution to the current day problems in the construction sector. Shortage of water is also a concern in some of the places which demands for the utilization of a better substitute to water in concrete. Internal curing agents like Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400), ceramic and Super Absorbent Polymer are used extensively which would be beneficial for engineering and construction applications. Day by day increasing of waste from disposable diapers will give increase the waste generation and requires large space dumping. To overcome this diapers which are primarily worn by infants, and by children who are not yet potty trained or who experience bedwetting are used in the present study as a self-curing agent along with PEG 400. In this present study, influence of PEG and diaper polymer on the workability and compressive strength of the concrete was investigated. M40 grade of concrete has been adopted for the entire study. Compressive strength at 3, 7, 28 and 90 days was calculated for 150mm X 150mm X150mm cubes with the 1%PEG as a control mix and 1% PEG + varying ratios of 1% to 10% of diaper polymer with 5% interval. It was observed that workability increased with the addition of diaper polymer and the strength decreased.
Experimental Study on Strength Comparison of Light Weight Aluminium Alloy Propeller Blade with Metal Propeller Blade
Authors: Louis Soundari , Louis Princy Priya
Published: November 2020

Aluminum is the light weight metal used in various applications of Civil construction, Mechanical & Aeronautical machines etc. next to steels. The banana fibres are having various applications like natural absorbent remediation agent, in making paper cards, tea bags, fabric materials and rope. Also the ash of banana leaf sheath having pozzolanic property and used in green concrete. In aluminum matrix composite(AMC) aluminum is the matrix which forms network and other non-metallic material embedded into the matrix(Banana leaf sheath). Stir casting technique is the most promising and economical technique for processing MMC. In this aluminium alloy is made by using banana leaf sheath ash with aluminium 8011, it provides desirable material properties as the Particulate composite offer several advantages like strengthening the material and also provides specific material properties.
Structural behavior of self-curing concrete with partial replacement of coarse aggregates with fly ash pellets
Authors: Venkatesan Vignesh Prabu , Palanisamy Deepak Ottarkarattupalayam , Pandiyan Balaganesh
Published: November 2020

As we are in the world to conserve water for our daily needs, the present technologies have to be optimized in a feasible way, especially to one of the process curing in construction field. Thus, indeed there is an immediate need to do research on water used for curing process on concrete. Curing is one of the significant process for the concrete to have sufficient moisture content particularly at early stages of concreting in order to enhance the property of the concrete. It also plays a major role in concrete by developing pore structure and microstructure thus enhances its performance and durability. By considering these importance’s about curing and also to minimize the water for curing of concrete, a study has been conducted on concrete with the help of Polyethylene Glycol-400 (PEG-400) a water soluble self-curing agent to reduce the usage of water for curing. The present study also emphasis the use of fly ash pellets (FAP) prepared from the waste fly ash as coarse aggregate partially. The trail mix of concrete is proportioned replacing coarse aggregate by 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with FAP and the compressive strength of the concrete were determined and found the optimum percentage replacement of coarse aggregate with FAP is at 25% resulting maximum compressive strength. The mechanical properties of concrete using water-soluble Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 400) have been found and also identified the optimum dosage to achieve maximum mechanical properties of the concrete. The increase in water retention capacity in the concrete and reducing the water evaporation in curing process can be done by using self-curing agent and it will absorb the water from the atmosphere thus saves water in the curing process compare to conventional concrete. The concrete mechanical properties containing self-curing agent are studied at various percentage such as 0.5, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8 and 1.0 added by weight of cement and compared with those of conventionally cured concrete. From the investigation it has been concluded that optimum dosage of PEG-400 for maximum mechanical property of M25 grade of concrete containing 25% of fly ash pellets as coarse aggregate is at the percentage of 0.75 by weight of cement.
Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Using Glass Powder
Authors: Natarajan Sathyakumar , Ravichandran Nagavishwanath , Basha Nafeez Ahamed Shathik , Ponnusamy Naveen
Published: November 2020

By increasing commercial buildings, the wastes from industries are being accumulated to larger being extent to disposal on environmental surroundings. From this by product of glass is also one of the by products in their industries, due to this recycling of glass by the replacement of fine aggregate in the construction field. The use of glass powder in the concrete mixer we can reduce the land filling (disposal) on environment regions. By eliminating the fine aggregate can be preserve our soil resources, energy and pollution should be controlled. The use of glass powder due to this replacement method cam be attain greater strength, resistance to chemicals and electrical insulator. These test (Compressive strength, split tensile strength) are achieved to be evaluated.
A Study on using Plastic Coated Aggregate for evaluation of modified Bituminous Concrete Mix
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Chauhan Rajiv
Published: November 2020

Road network system of India is deteriorating day by day due to rapid increase in traffic and improper maintenance. This paper aims to shed light on the use of plastic coated aggregate (PCA) in bituminous concrete (BC) and analyze PCA’s efficiency using various tests in eco-friendly way to achieve efficiency in economical manner. The major advantage of using PCA to construct pavement in sustainable way is by reduction in usages of bitumen and also improve the properties of aggregate. Dry mix (DM) method was adopted to mixed the waste plastic by utilizing shredded waste plastic bottles made of Polyethylene Terephthalate ( PET) in bituminous mixes. The physical properties of traditional aggregate and PCA were also compared. The Marshall blend was prepared by using bitumen grade 80/100, PCA, stone dust and cement as a filler to make BC Grade -2. The aggregates used for prepared total mix coated with PET content of 3 %, 5%, 7%, 9% and 11% by weight of optimum binder content. To find out its suitability in field, Marshall stability, flow value and volumetric characteristics of mix were determined and compared to traditional bituminous concrete mixtures (without plastic). PCA had better binding property, less water absorption, and higher Marshall Stability value was also shown in the results, and is a better option to solve environment pollution due to plastic waste.
Enhancing Index and Strength Properties of Black Cotton Soil using Combination of Geopolymer and Flyash
Authors: Kilabanur Pramod , Dharek Manish S , Sunagar Prashant , Sreekeshava K S , Thejaswi Poornachandra
Published: November 2020

A Combination of admixtures - fly ash and Geopolymer are used for stabilization of black cotton soil. Black cotton (BC) soils are mainly clayey soils having montmorillonite as their clay mineral. The moisture changes in BC soils will affect compressibility and strength characteristics, which are greatly enhanced with the addition of combination of Flyash (FA) and Geopolymer (GP). The evaluation study includes analysis of soil properties some of index properties like specific gravity, liquid limit, shrinkage limit and Uniaxial compression values. Different percentages of combination of admixtures (percentage by dry weight) are added to natural BC soil and further experiments are performed from these soil mix ratios (MR). The results show that the utilization of combination of admixtures decreases liquid limit by enormously and increases unconfined compressive strength i.e. the strength of the soil.
A Review Paper on Comparative study of Expansive Sub-Grade Stabilization using Industrial Wastes like Foundry Sand, Quarry Dust, Demolition Wastes and Rubber Scrap
Authors: Venkatesh Jeevanantham , Chinnusamy Kavitha , Murugesh Sunil
Published: November 2020

Searching for best stabilizer to overcome the problems in the place of Expansive soils are being a main concern still, not only to achieve the required soil’s engineering properties but also to meet the cost efficiency of the project undergone. The main objective of this paper was to review the materials and methods that have been adopted to stabilize the Expansive soil based on experimental studies. Investigation on various materials such as industrial granite waste, demolition waste and quarry dust and foundry waste sand. The effectiveness of these materials as soil stabilizer is observed with the experimental results only in terms of strength, based on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests and shear tests that have been conducted. The Engineering properties of the Expansive soil were increased comparatively and these materials have potential to be used as a soil stabilizer in construction practices and these are also economic.
Modeling and Simulation of SEPIC Converter for Hybrid Energy System
Authors: Arumugam Nandhakumar , Sakthivel Aruna , Devendran Devadarshini
Published: November 2020

Industrialization & urbanization of India leads to increase in the demand for electricity. Due to abundant availability in nature renewable energy sources are considered to be an better option over conventional energy sources. Solar-Wind energy systems combines two of the renewable energy technologies. Because of this the inherent nature of wind and solar power production can be levelled out all throughout the day. This system is used to generate and maximize power from solar and wind energy with MPPT using incremental conductance algorithm and it is given to the DC Motor and also battery is used for storage purpose. Simulation was carried out using MATLAB/Simulink and a prototype model of hardware setup is developed with PIC16F877A controller.
Design of Solid state digester for biogas production from banana wastes
Authors: Divyabharathi Rameshbabu
Published: November 2020

Processing of banana results in a huge amount of waste generation, leaves, stems and peels etc. Indiscriminate disposal of these wastes when decomposed produces noxious gases such as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia, which pose serious environmental hazards. Thus turning them into biomass feedstock offers a better waste management option and also source of energy production. For the past 30 years, there has been only biogas plants which are developed for treating cow dung as feed material. In those plants only other organic wastes are used as feed material. As banana wastes contain high moisture, they can be treated by the way of solid state digestion. The paper describes the design of solid state digester of 1 m3 capacity of biogas production, exclusively for treating banana wastes by the method of solid state anaerobic digestion. The reactor was designed based on the hydraulic retention time and the total solid content of the banana feedstock in order to complete digest and produce biogas at a faster rate with optimum quantity and methane content. The digester was designed for a feed capacity of 30 kg with 30 days retention time with a gas holder volume of 1 m3. The diameter and height of the digester are 1.09 m and 2.1 m and for gas holder the diameter and height are 1.01 m and 0.9 m respectively. The developed digester was found to convert 90% of the solid content in feed to bioenergy.