bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sujeito nulo no português brasileiro: variação estável ou mudança em curso?
Authors: Miyamoto Aline Miyuke , Kailer Dircel Aparecida
Published: October 2019

De acordo com a teoria gerativa, em sua formulação, o parâmetro do sujeito nulo apresentava um valor binário, representado pelos valores negativo ou positivo. Se é uma língua de sujeito nulo, possui um valor positivo (por exemplo, a língua italiana). No entanto, se é uma língua de sujeito preenchido, possui um valor negativo (um exemplo é a língua inglesa). O português brasileiro (PB) é uma língua natural, isto é, transforma-se com o decorrer do tempo. Assim como outras línguas, o PB apresenta uma categoria diferente, com sujeito nulo “parcial” (DUARTE, 2018). Estudos indicam que há uma predisposição a preencher a posição de sujeito na língua pelos falantes, antes considerada língua de sujeito nulo. Alguns dos fatores são: 1) houve uma reconfiguração no quadro dos pronomes pessoais do caso reto (as formas gramaticalizadas você e a gente são empregadas como pronomes pessoais); 2) a desinência flexional verbal não é mais suficiente para designar a pessoa gramatical/discursiva (eu/você/ele ou ela/a gente falava; nós falávamos; vocês/eles ou elas falavam). Por essas razões, está ocorrendo uma mudança na marcação desse parâmetro. Com base nos dados do Atlas Linguístico do Brasil, pretende-se, como objetivo geral, verificar se o preenchimento com o pronome-sujeito é predominante ou não na fala de 31 informantes desse projeto, distribuídos pelo Brasil em duas regiões e quatro capitais: na Região Sul – Florianópolis e Curitiba e na Região Centro-Oeste – Campo Grande e Cuiabá. Analisa-se a fala desses 31 informantes e codificam-se os dados por meio do Programa GoldVarb X; consoante às variáveis linguísticas (pessoa gramatical/desinência verbal explícita ou implícita) e às variáveis extralinguísticas (sexo, grau de escolaridade e localidade). Esta pesquisa está alicerçada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Quantitativa (LABOV, 2008 [1972]) e da Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (CHOMSKY, 1981, 1995). O uso do sujeito pleno foi predominante em ambos os sexos, graus de escolaridades e nas quatro localidades.
Tratamento lexicográfico de dados geolinguísticos: discussões a partir da elaboração do Vocabulário dialetal do Centro-Oeste
Authors: Costa Daniela De Souza Silva
Published: October 2019

Haja vista a importância dos dicionários para o conhecimento das línguas, uma vez que são fonte de consulta por documentarem palavras em uso por uma comunidade e as munirem de diversas informações linguísticas e extralinguísticas, este texto discute a interdisciplinaridade da Lexicografia, tendo como objetivo refletir sobre as interfaces entre Lexicografia, Dialetologia e Geolinguística, recuperando parte da história dessas disciplinas e também alguns de seus produtos, como o Vocabulário dialetal do Centro-Oeste (COSTA, 2018). Espera-se assim que se fomentem discussões sobre a necessidade de o fazer lexicográfico congregar, além de preceitos teóricos da Lexicografia, o conhecimento de outros saberes, como os de estudos dialetológicos e geolinguísticos.
Crenças linguísticas que norteiam a escolha da língua espanhola para o ENEM
Authors: Santos Poliana De Oliveira , Soares Eliane Machado
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo objetiva investigar as crenças linguísticas que norteiam a escolha da língua espanhola como língua estrangeira para o ENEM bem como quais destas são predominantes em relação a dada escolha. Como princípios teóricos, as bases são os estudos sociolinguísticos, especificamente os que se referem a crenças linguísticas. São analisadas as bases propostas pelos documentos oficiais para o ensino de língua estrangeira: LDB, Parâmetros Curriculares, OCEM (orientações curriculares para o ensino médio). O corpus da pesquisa é constituído de dados coletados na cidade de Jacundá-PA, com 20 informantes (19 alunos do Ensino Médio – 3º ano, 1 professora – habilitada em Inglês e Espanhol) da Escola Arte de Educar de Jacundá (instituição privada), a partir de entrevistas gravadas e, posteriormente, transcritas. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário contendo cinco perguntas para avaliar e alcançar o objetivo inicialmente proposto.
Debunking the Myth of ‘Super Bowl Sex Trafficking’: Media hype or evidenced-based coverage
Authors: Martin Lauren , Hill Annie
Published: September 2019

A large body of scholarship has described the narrow set of media narratives used to report trafficking for sexual exploitation to the public. This article examines US media coverage of human trafficking in relation to the Super Bowl, American football’s championship game. Available empirical evidence does not suggest that major sporting events cause trafficking for sexual exploitation. Yet, we find that 76 per cent of US print media from 2010 to 2016 propagated the ‘Super Bowl sex trafficking’ narrative. Local coverage of the 2018 Super Bowl in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was different, presenting a sceptical stance toward this narrative. The article describes how this substantial shift resulted from our research group and anti-trafficking stakeholders employing an action research approach to craft a Super Bowl communication strategy that aligned with empirical evidence. Although sensationalist narratives are difficult to dislodge, the Minnesota case shows that evidence on trafficking can be effectively used to inform media and impact public perceptions, when researchers work with stakeholders on the ground. Lessons learnt are shared to enable others to replicate these results.
‘Killing the Tree by Cutting the Foliage Instead of Uprooting It?’ Rethinking awareness campaigns as a response to trafficking in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Olayiwola Peter
Published: September 2019

Child domestic work is one of the issues often connected with human trafficking in popular discourses. The idea of ignorant and unsuspecting parents and children being tricked into situations of trafficking for domestic labour is rife and has driven education and awareness campaigns as keys to addressing trafficking. This paper offers a critique of awareness creation as an anti-trafficking strategy. Based on an ethnographic study of child domestic work in South-West Nigeria and an analysis of secondary sources, this article reviews the ignorance assumption in trafficking discourses. It contends that the existing strategy of awareness creation, often framed to discourage migration and work, misrepresents young domestic workers and/or their parents and fails to address the issues that children and/or their parents are faced with. The paper concludes by arguing for the need to address the structural root causes of trafficking rather than simply raise awareness of individual migrants.
Virtual Saviours: Digital games and anti-trafficking awareness-raising
Authors: O’Brien Erin , Berents Helen
Published: September 2019

In recent years, digital games have emerged as a new tool in human trafficking awareness-raising. These games reflect a trend towards ‘virtual humanitarianism’, utilising digital technologies to convey narratives of suffering with the aim of raising awareness about humanitarian issues. The creation of these games raises questions about whether new technologies will depict humanitarian problems in new ways, or simply perpetuate problematic stereotypes. This article examines three online games released in the last five years for the purpose of raising awareness about human trafficking. In analysing these games, we argue that the persistent tropes of ideal victims lacking in agency continue to dominate the narrative, with a focus on individualised problems rather than structural causes of human trafficking. However, the differing approaches taken by the games demonstrate the potential for complexity and nuance in storytelling through digital games.
Deconstructing Underlying Assumptions about Trafficked Minors and Children
Authors: Norwood Jeremy
Published: September 2019

In Trafficked Children and Youth in the United States: Reimagining Survivors, Elżbieta M. Goździak (2016) not only explores the experiences of children and youth who have been exploited by their traffickers, but she also addresses the system in the United States that seeks to intervene and assist them. In order to understand this apparent process of victimisation, Goździak articulates the need to deconstruct popular conceptions of human trafficking itself, particularly as she seeks to give voice to the survivors and lend credibility to the trauma that they have endured. In order to accomplish this larger purpose, Goździak begins by identifying service providers which assist in the aftercare process for those impacted by human trafficking. She then spends time visiting these aftercare facilities, listening to the children and youth survivors of human trafficking, and documenting their stories and life circumstances.
Влияние стероидных гормонов и норадреналина на секрецию соматотропного гормона первичными культурами гипофизоцитов крыс различного возраста
Authors: Gudoshnikov V L , Mamaeva T V , Fedotov V P
Published: October 2019

Dexamethasone and aldosterone in concentrations 10-8 to 10-6 stimulated STH secretion by hypophyseal cells of neonatal and adult rats under conditions of prolonged (72 h) incubation of primary cultures. Corticosterone and progesterone had a stimulating effect on STH release by hypophyseal cells. Long exposure of cultured suckling rat cells to dexamethasone resulted in increase of STH basal secretion and enhanced the stimulating effect of low concentration (10-7 mole) of noradrenalin on STH release during a subsequent shdrt (2 h) incubation. The results permit us to suggest that development of hypophyseal somatotropic function observed in the postnatal period may be to a certain measure explained by combined effects of corticosteroids and catecholamines.
Diabetogenic effect of xanthurenic acid
Authors: Meiramov G. G. , Konert K. D. , Meiramova A. G.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the review of the diabetogenic effect of xanthurenic acid.
Diseño de una base de datos para la caracterización de los estudios de la especialización en patología de la construcción, enfocados en viviendas unifamiliares y multifamiliares en Colombia
Authors: García Páez Carlos Andrés , Granados Peñaranda Miguel Angel , Zúñiga Torres Jairo Oswaldo
Published: October 2019

La Especialización en Patología de la Construcción de la Vicerrectoría de Universidad Abierta y a Distancia, de la Universidad Santo Tomás,  es única en su área específica en Colombia; a lo largo de su actividad académica, los estudiantes han realizado proyectos de grado para diferentes tipos de edificaciones y de obras civiles, dichos Trabajos Profesionales Integradores (TPI) tienen por finalidad restituir a la obra su función constructiva y arquitectónica inicial, para ello se analizan aspectos como capacidad resistente, integridad, forma y aspecto. Con base en el análisis de esta información se establece un diagnóstico y se proponen unas alternativas técnicamente fundamentadas para la reparación, si esta fuere posible; a fin de organizar la información de los diferentes trabajos de grado, y como parte esencial del proyecto de investigación  se requiere el diseño de una base de datos que organice y clasifique la información.
50 años de institucionalización de la licenciatura en química en Colombia: Hacia un estudio histórico necesario en la UPN
Authors: Franco-Moreno Ricardo Andrés
Published: October 2019

A propósito de la conmemoración de los 50 años de existencia del Departamento de Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional  y reconociendo la necesidad de analizar los procesos de institucionalización de la formación de licenciados en química en el país, a partir de indicadores como la existencia de programas de formación específica en el área, en este artículo se presentan parte de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación documental orientado al análisis histórico de la dinámica de programas de Licenciatura en Química y en campos científicos relacionados con esta disciplina en el país, durante el periodo 1970-2019[1].  Previo mapeo de la situación de programas de formación de profesores de química en Latinoamérica y el caribe, el estudio documental se realizó rastreando información sobre los programas de formación disponibles en las bases de datos del Sistema Nacional de Información sobre la Educación Superior – SNIES y del análisis de documentos propios de dichos programas, orientando así la ruta metodológica para el necesario estudio del programa de Licenciatura en Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.  Se concluye que en Colombia la formación de licenciados en química ha convocado la atención de instituciones oficiales y privadas, especialmente durante las décadas de 1970, 1980 y 1990, disminuyendo paulatinamente los programas de formación en este campo durante las casi dos décadas que han transcurrido del siglo XXI.    

 

[1] Parte del contenido del artículo corresponde al proyecto de tesis doctoral en el marco del Doctorado en Ciencias de la Educación, RUDECOLOMBIA– UPTC.
Miradas críticas de los profesionales de la educación ante las respuestas educativas al reto de la inclusión en la escuela andaluza
Authors: Domingo Martos Lorena , Pérez García Mª Purificación , Domingo Segovia Jesus
Published: September 2019

El artículo aporta resultados de investigación sobre la percepción del estado actual de la inclusión educativa en Andalucía (España) desde la voz de sus profesionales. Es un estudio de corte cualitativo para comprender el estado de opinión del profesorado ordinario y de apoyo sobre este tema. Recoge la opinión, a través de encuesta, de 48 informantes clave con conocimiento y práctica profesional contrastada en el ámbito de la respuesta educativa a la diversidad. Aborda el tema desde relatos de experiencia y conocimiento práctico profesional. Utiliza análisis de contenido y análisis crítico del discurso. Se apoya en las herramientas de Nvivo 12. Realiza una cascada de profundización reflexiva sobre las críticas que vierten sobre la práctica profesional y el sistema educativo. Los resultados informan que nuestra escuela está inmersa en el conformismo por creer haber alcanzado determinados niveles de escolarización e integración, con un abanico amplio de respuestas educativas. Los informantes muestran una actitud crítica, reflexiva y propositiva ante ello. Denuncian que en la escuela actual persisten bolsas de exclusión y medidas pensadas para la inclusión, que producen efectos de exclusión. Opinan también que el sistema tiene más de simulación y retórica que de práctica inclusiva.
El practicum de magisterio en tres universidades europeas (Cantabria, Padua y Coimbra): Un estudio comparativo
Authors: Saiz Linares Ángela , Ceballos López Noelia
Published: September 2019

Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar comparativamente las experiencias del practicum de magisterio en tres universidades europeas, Cantabria, Padua y Coimbra, que han participado en el proceso de convergencia hacia el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). La finalidad última de este análisis es confrontar sus aspectos esenciales a fin de aprender y avanzar algunos elementos de mejora. Se han analizado documentos oficiales de los programas de practicum y se han realizado 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas a supervisores de practicum de los tres países. El procedimiento de análisis comparativo, de carácter cualitativo, gira en torno a cinco categorías de análisis: sentido del practicum en el proceso formativo, estructura del practicum, profesionales implicados y sus funciones, actividades desarrolladas y evaluación. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian concurrencias en las definiciones del practicum a nivel normativo de los tres contextos que contrastan, a su vez, con algunas divergencias con los discursos de los participantes, especialmente en el caso de Cantabria y Padua. Estas diferencias encuentran sentido en algunas actuaciones específicas que proponen estos programas de practicum, que orientan este espacio formativo hacia un polo más profesionalizador y sostienen cierta escisión en la formación teórica y práctica. El caso de Coimbra resulta, sin embargo, más coherente con la definición del practicum como momento que permite conectar todos los componentes de la formación y engarzar los aprendizajes universitarios con la práctica en las escuelas. Algunas conclusiones de mejora que se derivan del análisis van en línea con institucionalizar más momentos y actividades reflexivas a lo largo de la formación práctica e implicar en ellas a alumnos, docentes universitarios y maestros/as de escuela.
Logics of accountability: Cross-national patterns in school-level controls
Authors: Kim Taeyeon , Yun John T.
Published: September 2019

This paper explores multiple logics of accountability by examining patterns of control of various school functions under different accountability systems. Research has shown that accountability is a global phenomenon, but how accountability is understood and enacted is locally contextualized, which implies the existence of multiple logics of accountability in practice. By linking theoretical arguments rooted in literature to empirical evidence observed in TALIS 2013, we aim to theorize logics of accountability and then demonstrate the existence of those logics across countries. We first developed a framework of logics of accountability: control-based, professional-based, test-based, and process-based accountability. We then empirically analyzed three types of control—external, internal, and mixed control—at the school level across countries and within four content areas—assessment, human resource, curriculum, and budget—to infer how each country consistently follows a logic of accountability in their schooling practices. We found that a few countries followed a relatively pure form of control-based, professional-based, and process-based logic; however, most countries followed mixed-forms of logic. Our findings provide a systematic approach for the mapping of accountability logics across countries and suggest that more thought should be paid to how the underlying logic of accountability should manifest across these different functions.
AL-‘UQUD AL-MURAKKABAH IMPLEMENTATION ON AKAD AL MURABAHAH WA ARRAHN AS A SHARIA BANKING PRODUCT INNOVATION
Authors: Prabowo Bagya Agung
Published: October 2019

This article aims to determine the application of al-uqud al-murakkabah on akad al murabahah wa arrahn in sharia banking product innovation. This study uses analytic methods based on doctrinal content, by applying four types of legal approaches, namely: (i) historical / historical; (ii) Jurisprudence / philosophy; (iii) comparison; and (iv) analytical and critical. In addition, a harmonious approach is needed to align innovation of sharia banking products with sharia compliance principles. the conclusions in this study are: 1) The implementation of al-ququd al-murakkabah as an innovation of Islamic banking products by the majority of Hanafiyah scholars, some opinions of Malikiyah scholars, Shafi'i scholars, and Hanbali are of the opinion that law is legal and permissible according to Islamic law, 2) The implementation of al-uqud al-murakkabah in the Murabahah wa ar Rahn contract is not in accordance with the principles of sharia compliance. Because the al Murabahah wa ar Rahn contract combines several contracts that cause usury or resemble usury, such as primarily combining the murabahah contract with the qardh contract, in addition to the wakalah contract and rahn contract.
Fabrication of Recycle Screen Printed Carbon Electrode and Its Application for Voltammetric Detection of Gallic Acid
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Zalvianita Rany , Heryanto Rudi
Published: October 2019

Gallic acid is phenolic compound found in tea and act as antiradical agent. This compound is electrochemically active and could be detected using voltammetric technique. This study aims to obtain recycle screen printed carbon electrode (rSPCE) and applied it for voltammetric detection of gallic acid. rSPCE was prepared by modification of used SPCE working electrode using a mixture of graphite:polystyrene at ratio of 95:5, 90:10, and 85:15 (w/w). Graphite:polystyrene was suspended in chloroform and deposited on SPCE by drop casting method. Phosphate buffer 0.1 M at pH of 2.5, 3.5, and 7 were used as electrolyte solution in voltammetric detection of gallic acid. The optimum condition of gallic acid detection was obtained when phosphate buffer 0,1 M at pH of 2.5 and rSPCE in composition of graphite:polystyrene (95:5) used as electrolyte and working electrode, respectively. Gallic acid has 2 oxidation peaks at potential of 0.26 V and 0.63 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively. At concentration of 1 – 5 mM, gallic acid and oxidation currents provide linear regression with the coefficient determination of 0.9947 and 0.9864, consecutively for peak number 1 and 2. Measurement of gallic acid at rSPCE 95:5 shows good precision with %RSD < 5%. rSPCE was successfully applied for voltammetric detection of gallic acid in standard solution with accuracy > 96%, however further development is needed before its application for gallic acid measurement in real sample such as tea extract.
Unité et pluralité de l’espace mathématique chez Leibniz
Authors: Debuiche Valérie , Rabouin David
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the possibility of accepting a plurality of spaces in Leibniz – a question which was already tackled by Yvon Belaval and Nicolas Rescher, both of whom answered it positively. Starting from a famous passage in the Principes de la Nature et de la Grâce where God is said to have chosen a world “with terrain, place, and time arranged in the best way possible”, we ask ourselves whether this implies that God chooses amongst a variety of spatial settings and, if so, whether this variety would imply a plurality of spaces. We recall a first existing solution to this issue, which consists in distinguishing between an “abstract” and a “concrete” space. After a quick survey of the many variants of this interpretation, we demonstrate that this disctinction is neutral, in the best case scenario, with regard to our initial problem. We then confront the question of the necessity of geometrical truths – which are, for Leibniz, eternal truths inscribed in divine understanding. At first glance, this seems to prevent the possibility of a plurality of geometries (i. e. of spatial structures endowed with incompatible properties). We show that this is not the case and that one must pay attention to the “conditional” nature of geometrical truths, which Leibniz insists upon in some places and which appears compatible with their being absolutly necessary. Finally, we confront the results of the two preceding sections with the current knowledge on the project of an analysis situs. We put particular emphasis on the way in which metaphysical principles were put forward by Leibniz in the elaboration of his geometry.
Central edema in critically ill neonates
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , van Houten John P.
Published: September 2019

Background

We reviewed our cases of central edema defined as scalp/facial- and/or truncal edema or anasarca (Ana) hoping to identify prognostic factors that could aid in discussions of futility of care.

Case presentation

This study was a retrospective chart review of all cases of central edema in our community level-3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 2006 and 2019. A total of 19 patients with central edema were found. In 6/19 the etiology was due to chylous losses and in 13/19 inflammation was believed to be the major cause. Outcome was known in 17 cases and only 41% survived. Among the survivors, 86% had a gestational age greater than 34 weeks and the edema resolved in less than 2 weeks in the majority. Fifty-nine percent of the patients expired. In those that expired, 80% were born at 30 weeks’ gestation or less and the duration of edema exceeded 2 weeks in all cases and 4 weeks in 60% of the subjects.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first retrospective study of the outcome of central edema in a neonatal population and the results can be useful when discussing futility of care in cases of severe and long-standing or worsening edema not responding to medical management.
Correlation between vitamin D and blood pressure in adolescents
Authors: Fonseca Valle Débora , Giannini Denise Tavares
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Low serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with hypertension worldwide. Hypovitaminosis D has been observed even in countries with high incidence of sunlight all year round. Several studies demonstrated a high prevalence of deficiency/insufficiency of vitamin D in adolescents.

Objective

To investigate the association between the nutritional status of vitamin D with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in overweight adolescents.

Methods

This a descriptive and cross-sectional study with overweight adolescents of both sexes aged 12–19 years. The anthropometric data, biochemical profile, blood pressure and serum vitamin D dosage were analyzed. The chi-squared test for verification of association and Student’s t-test to compare medians between variables were used.

Results

There were high frequencies of hypovitaminosis D (34%) and hypertension (43.3%) in overweight adolescents. We observed an inverse correlation between serum vitamin D levels and BP (r = −0.28, p = 0.005). Patients with desirable serum vitamin D had lower body mass index values (31.3 kg/m2vs. 33.9 kg/m2; p < 0.02), waist circumference (95.2 cm vs. 101.1 cm; p < 0.03), waist-to-height ratio (0.58 vs. 0.61; p < 0.03) and systolic blood pressure (120 mm Hg vs. 127.6 mm Hg; p = 0.007).

Conclusions

High frequency of vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased BP and adiposity in overweight adolescents.
On dynamical reconstruction of boundary and distributed inputs in a Schlögl equation
Authors: Maksimov Vyacheslav I.
Published: October 2019

The problem of reconstructing an unknown input under measuring a phase coordinates of a Schlögl equation is considered.
We propose a solving algorithm that is stable to perturbations and is based on the combination of ideas from the theory of dynamical inversion and the theory of guaranteed control.
The convergence rate of the algorithm is obtained.
New insights into the oxidation of phenoxatellurine with sulfuric acid
Authors: Mostaghimi Farzin , Bolsinger Jens , Lork Enno , Beckmann Jens
Published: October 2019

The oxidation of phenoxatellurine (PT) with conc. H2SO4 was reinvestigated. Two crystalline products, namely [PT2][H3O](SO4H)3 (1) and [PT](SO4) (2) were isolated and fully characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 features [PT2]2+ dications giving rise to double-decker structures with two parallel PT layers that arise from dimerisation of two radical cations [PT]˙+. The [PT2]2+ dications and the hydrogensulfate ions are associated via secondary Te···O interations. The oxonium ion and the hydrogensulfate ions are involved in hydrogen bonding. The structure of 2 comprises ion pairs consisting of [PT]2+ dications and sulfate ions, which form a 2D coordination polymer. In addition, adjacent sulfate ions in the crystal lattice bind to tellurium atoms via secondary secondary Te···O interations.
European Databases on Stability and Compatibility of Injectable Medicinal Products in Europe
Authors: Hecq Jean-Daniel , Krämer Irene , Vigneron Jean
Published: September 2019

In hospitals, the majority of medication therapy is administered intravenously. Especially, in intensive care units, simultaneous of various injectable drugs is a common practice Drug incompatibilities have been reported to be associated with up to 60 % of all serious and life-threatening adverse drug events. Several databases are used by hospital pharmacists to answer the questions of (in)compatibility of co-administered injectable drugs. The objective of this article is to present the European databases on compatibility and stability of injectable drugs. According to a questionnaire which was sent to the National Hospital Pharmacy Associations of the 28 countries of European Community there are three national databases available in EU countries which are in alphabetical order, Belgium, France and Germany. The Belgian database is dedicated to injectable medications, is updated and distributed annually in French language on a USB key. STABILIS® is an international database giving information with pictograms translated into 29 languages. This database contains also monographs of non-injectable drugs. The internet-based ADKA STABIL-Datenbank is focused on anticancer drug therapy, listing detailed datasets in German language on stability and compatibility including the references.
Contamination of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station with actinide elements
Authors: Koma Yoshikazu , Murakami Erina
Published: September 2019

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, which is owned by the Tokyo Electric Power Company, was damaged by the great earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011, and serious contamination due to radioactive nuclides occurred. To investigate the waste management methodologies, contaminated materials were radiochemically analyzed. This paper reviews the analytical data concerning actinide elements. Contaminated water has accumulated in the basement of the reactor and other buildings, and actinide nuclides have been detected in this water. Actinides first get dissolved into the water inside the primary containment vessel, and then their concentration in the water decreases to a certain level with further flow. The contaminated water is chemically decontaminated; however, the actinide concentration does not decrease with time. This suggests that the actinides are continuously being supplied by the damaged fuel via slow dissolution. The dissolved transuranic (TRU) nuclides are recovered in the precipitate via a chemical treatment and are mostly removed from the water. Pu, Am, and Cm were detected in the topsoil at the site and appear to originate from the damaged fuel, whereas the detected U originates from natural sources. TRU nuclides slowly move in soil to deeper layers. The contamination of the rubble is nonuniform, and actinides are detected as well as fission products. Inside the reactor building of unit #2, the TRU nuclide concentration is comparatively higher near the boundary of the primary containment vessel, which experienced a fault during the accident. As for the vegetation, TRU nuclides were only found in fallen leaves near the reactor buildings.
Stereoisomers of Pt(PL)2Cl2 derivatives – structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter
Published: September 2019

The coordination complexes of Pt(PL)2Cl2type (PL = monodentate P-donor ligands) cover almost 260 examples as shown by a recent survey covering the crystallographic and structural data. About 20% of these complexes exist as isomers and are summarized in this review. Included are distortion (58.5%),cis-,trans- (37.8%) and mixed isomerism (cis-,trans- and distortion) (3.7%). Distortion isomers, differing by degree of distortion in Pt-L and L-Pt-L angles, are the most common. For these derivatives the most commoncis- arranged with 31 examples and 22 examples withtrans- arranged. The complexes withcis-configuration are more distorted than theirtrans-partners, with the comprehensive values of Pt-L bond distances: 2.246 Å (P) and 2.350 Å (Cl). Such values in the complexes withtrans-configurations are 2.323 Å (P) and 2.308 Å (Cl), respectively. These are discussed with attention to anytrans-influence.
Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Salavadi Shyam Sunder , Sabavath Srinu , Ganji Ganesh , Sunkari • Samanvitha
Published: October 2019

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common epithelial malignancies affecting the oral cavity with different clinical presentations. Carcinomas of the gingiva constitute approximately 10% of OSCCs and can mimic reactive, inflammatory conditions of the gingiva, leading to a diagnostic delay. Therefore it is of great importance to diagnose the lesion early for good prognosis. This article reports a rare case of gingival OSCC in a 39-year-old male patient mimicking an inflammatory gingival mass.
Rehabilitation of Lower Anterior Teeth with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Barot Varshal J
Published: October 2019

Periodontitis is the most common, destructive, inflammatory diseases of supporting tissues of the teeth in humans, with profound effects on general health. Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) comprises a rare, rapidly progressing form of periodontitis, characterized by severe destruction of periodontal attachment apparatus and tooth loss at an early age. Considering the psychological problems which these patients have during the early stages of their life, the chief aim of the treatment is to achieve functional, esthetic, and phonetic rehabilitation. Dental implant is a widely used treatment option that provides functional and esthetic resolution. Implant placement in patients with a history of AP might be considered a viable option to restore oral function; however, the risk for implant failure is significantly higher. This report presents rehabilitation of lower anterior teeth with implant therapy in a 24-year-old systemically healthy male with a history of localized AP, who had previously received complete periodontal therapy for periodontal stabilization
Concrete Resistance to Sulfuric Acid Immersion: The Influence of Testing Details and Mixture Design on Performance as It Relates to Microbially Induced Corrosion
Authors: House Mitch , Cheng Liqiu , Banks Kathy , Weiss Jason
Published: October 2019

Sulfuric acid immersion tests are often used as a surrogate test for assessing concrete resistance to microbially induced corrosion (MIC). Although sulfuric acid immersion cannot mimic the complex nature of MIC in the field, these studies may be useful in assessing material resistance to a late stage of MIC (during microbial production of sulfuric acid). This article investigates the sulfuric acid resistance of a wide variety of concrete mixture designs exposed to a range of sulfuric acid concentrations. Specimens were constructed from twelve mixture designs with varying water to cementitious materials ratio (w/cm), cement type, supplementary cementitious material replacement, aggregate type and content, and air content. The specimens were exposed to sulfuric acid solutions with pH values of 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.5, and 2.0 and monitored for changes in appearance, mass, cross section, and dynamic elastic modulus. Specimens of different mixture designs were isolated in separate containers to assess acid consumption over time. Results show that as the w/cm was decreased, acid consumption increased and physical degradation increased. A thicker layer of corrosion products developed on specimens of higher w/cm. The partial replacement of ordinary portland cement with fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace, or finely ground limestone, the use of Type V cement, the use of limestone coarse aggregate, and the increase of coarse aggregate all resulted in improved resistance to sulfuric acid compared to concrete made with ordinary portland cement at an equivalent water w/cm. The magnitude of the improved performance was not always substantial and varied between mixtures. Material responses appeared to differ over the range of acid concentrations used; however, as expected, the most severe degradation for every mixture was observed in the most concentrated acid. The authors provide guidance as to when acid immersion tests are appropriate as well as potential improvements for the acid immersion test.
Effect of a 25 ingredient sport drink on exercise performance and muscle oxygen extraction: a randomized controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Gatterer Hannes , Philippe Marc , Fröhlich Hanno , Bachler Stefan , Mosbach Florian , Burtscher Martin
Published: October 2019

Many sport drinks contain a mixture of potential ergogenic substances. Recently, a new sport drink with 25 different ingredients was introduced to the market. Various athletes reported beneficial performance effects from the supplement, though without scientific evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the sport drink on exercise performance. Nine sport students performed 3 test sessions including a cycle exercise tests to exhaustion, a leg strength test and a jump test. Each session was separated by 1 week. The first session was performed as a familiarization trial. In a random order, half of the participants performed the second session after consumption of the multi ingredient sport drink (MISD intake of 40g, 24 and 1h before each test) and half after placebo ingestion (same amount). During test session 3 the conditions were reversed (cross-over setting). Near infrared spectroscopy analyses were performed on the vastus lateralis during the MISD and placebo cycling test. The sport drink compared to placebo, improved maximal power output (7 watts, 95% CI 1.1-13.4), increased maximal lactate concentration (2.5 mmol/l, 95% CI 1.6-3.4), and power output at the individual threshold (Dmax) (6.1 watts, 95% CI 1.9-10.3). Power output at the 4 mmol/l threshold was reduced (9.0 watts, 95% CI -17.4 to -0.6) during the MISD trial. Additionally, the sport drink led to a steeper tissue oxygenation index decrease (TOI, slope: -0.0182±0.0084 vs. -0.0256±0.0073, p<0.005) during the test. Leg strength and jump ability was not affected by the supplement. The sport drink slightly increased power output during an incremental exercise test. Due to the broad range of substances in the supplement and their different effects, the factors involved in the performance enhancement are speculative. Data show that factors other than muscle oxygen extraction (represented by TOI) are involved in the improved maximal power output.
Extracellular vesicles secreted during blastulation show viability of bovine embryos
Authors: Mellisho Edwin A , Briones Mario A , Velásquez Alejandra E , Cabezas Joel , Castro Fidel O , Rodríguez-Álvarez Lleretny
Published: October 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by blastocysts may be clinically relevant, as indicator of embryo viability on in vitro fertilization. We tested if the characteristics of EVs secreted during blastulation are related to embryo viability. Morulae were individually cultured in SOF media depleted of EVs until day 7.5 post IVF. Viable embryos were determined by a system of extended in vitro culture of bovine embryos until day 11 (post-hatching development). Afterward, a retrospective classification of blastocyst and culture media was performed based on blastulation time (early blastulation (EB) or late blastulation (LB)) and post-hatching development at day 11 (viable (V) or non-viable embryo (NV)). A total of 254 blastocysts and their culture media were classified in four groups (V-EB, NV-EB, V-LB, NV-LB). Group V-EB had a larger blastocyst diameter (170.8 μm), higher proportion of good-quality blastocysts (77%) and larger mean size of population of EVs (122.9 nm), although the highest concentration of EVs (5.75 × 109 particles/mL) were in group NV-EB. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing detected two biotypes, miRNA (86–91%) and snoRNA (9–14%), with a total of 182 and 32 respectively. In differential expression analysis of miRNAs between V versus NV blastocysts, there were 12 miRNAs upregulated and 15 miRNAs downregulated. Binary logistic regression was used to construct a non-invasive novel model to select viable embryos, based on a combination of variables of blastocyst morphokinetics and EVs characteristics, the ROC-AUC was 0.853. We concluded that characteristics of EVs secreted during blastulation vary depending on embryo quality.
Unresolved Recombination Intermediates Cause aRAD9-Dependent Cell Cycle Arrest inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kaur Hardeep , GN Krishnaprasad , Lichten Michael
Published: September 2019

It has been suggested that the conserved Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 (STR) helicasedecatenase complex resolves double Holliday junction recombination intermediates (dHJs) as noncrossovers by a process called dissolution. Lichten, Kaur, and GN tested this by accumulating dHJs during meiosis...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the conserved Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 helicase-decatenase regulates homologous recombination by limiting accumulation of recombination intermediates that are crossover precursors. In vitro studies have suggested that this may be due to dissolution of double-Holliday junction joint molecules by Sgs1-driven convergent junction migration and Top3-Rmi1 mediated strand decatenation. To ask whether dissolution occurs in vivo, we conditionally depleted Sgs1 and/or Rmi1 during return to growth (RTG), a procedure where recombination intermediates formed during meiosis are resolved when cells resume the mitotic cell cycle. Sgs1 depletion during RTG delayed joint molecule resolution, but, ultimately, most were resolved and cells divided normally. In contrast, Rmi1 depletion resulted in delayed and incomplete joint molecule resolution, and most cells did not divide. rad9∆ mutation restored cell division in Rmi1-depleted cells, indicating that the DNA damage checkpoint caused this cell cycle arrest. Restored cell division in Rmi1-depleted rad9∆ cells frequently produced anucleate cells, consistent with the suggestion that persistent recombination intermediates prevented chromosome segregation. Our findings indicate that Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 acts in vivo, as it does in vitro, to promote recombination intermediate resolution by dissolution. They also indicate that, in the absence of Top3-Rmi1 activity, unresolved recombination intermediates persist and activate the DNA damage response, which is usually thought to be activated by much earlier DNA damage-associated lesions.
The incumbent, challenger, and population during revolution and civil war
Authors: Hausken Kjell , Ncube Mthuli
Published: October 2019

We consider revolutions and civil war involving an incumbent, a challenger, and the population. Revolutions are classified into eight outcomes. In four outcomes incumbent repression occurs (viewed as providing sub-threshold benefits such as public goods to the population). Accommodation occurs in the other four outcomes (benefits provision above a threshold). The incumbent and challenger fight each other. The incumbent may win and retain power or else lose, thereby causing standoff or coalition. In a standoff, which is costly, no one backs down and uncertainty exists about who is in power. In a coalition, which is less costly, the incumbent and challenger cooperate, compromise, and negotiate their differences. If the population successfully revolts against the incumbent, the challenger replaces the incumbent. Eighty-seven revolutions during 1961–2011, including the recent Arab spring revolutions, are classified into the eight outcomes. When repressive, the incumbent loses 46 revolutions, remains in power through 21 revolutions, and builds a coalition after 12 revolutions. When accommodative, the incumbent loses seven revolutions and builds a coalition after one revolution. The 87 revolutions are classified across geographic regions and by time-period.
Uso y relevancia de las publicaciones odontológicas en español para estudiantes de pre y posgrado
Authors: Corrales-Reyes Ibraín Enrique
Published: October 2019

Durante algún tiempo, el ejercicio de la profesión odontológica se basó en el conocimiento clínico personal acumulado y el apego a los procedimientos históricamente sustentados, en lo que se podría denominar como “odontología basada en la experiencia” 1. En la actualidad, el volumen de información que anualmente se publica en revistas científicas odontológicas es abrumador, por lo que, para mantenerse actualizado, es necesario leer diariamente un promedio de 19 artículos. El problema es que muchos de estos artículos no comunican resultados de investigaciones relevantes o adolecen de errores metodológicos. Entonces, el modelo clásico, que concibe al odontólogo como un almacenador de información, ha cambiado al considerarlo como un especialista manejador de información.
Efecto del ultrasonido en la limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares: revisión de literatura
Authors: Jardel da Silva Leandro , Theodoro de Oliveira Thaisa , Candido dos Reis Andréa
Published: October 2019

La limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares constituye uno de los principales factores para determinar el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. Por lo tanto, la irrigación complementaria a la instrumentación juega un papel fundamental en la eliminación de las bacterias, restos de dentina y materiales terapéuticos. Además, el método de irrigación es fundamental para garantizar la eficiencia en la limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares, que puede realizarse manualmente con una jeringa y una aguja, también utilizando dispositivos específicos para esta finalidad, como el ultrasonido. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de literatura sobre el efecto del ultrasonido en la limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares. Una búsqueda eletrónica fue realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Cochrane Library, con los términos: “passive ultrasonic irrigation”, “root canal” y “endodontic irrigation”. Los artículos fueron seleccionados a partir de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se concluyó que la irrigación ultrasónica pasiva es eficaz en relación a la eliminación de bacterias, hidróxido de calcio, restos dentinarios y smear layer, utilizándose hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl) como solución de irrigación, permitiendo así una optimización en la limpieza del sistema de conductos radiculares.
Rendición de cuentas en las ONG: ¿A quién y por qué deben rendir cuentas?
Authors: Chávez Passano Martha Adriana
Published: October 2019

El aumento significativo del número de Organizaciones no Gubernamentales (ONG) activas, la cantidad de bienes que manejan y los diferentes grupos interesados en sus actividades las obliga a ser transparentes. La literatura que se ha revisado nos ayuda a entender, en primera instancia, a quiénes deben rendir cuentas las ONG; al respecto, encontramos diferentes grupos de stakeholders (gobierno, donantes, beneficiarios, entre otros). Actualmente, las organizaciones deben buscar incorporar el accountability como parte de su estrategia. No solo se debe rendir cuentas en el ámbito financiero, sino también informar sobre sus actividades, su gestión, su estrategia y su dirección. El accountability, además, debe tener un enfoque interno, no solamente hacia fuera, con el fin de buscar la participación de los interesados. Finalmente, será posible identificar las principales formas de categorización del accountability.
State-of-the-art Structural Interventions in Heart Failure
Authors: Park Jeffrey , Suradi Hussam S
Published: September 2019

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalisation and healthcare costs worldwide. Acute decompensated heart failure accounts for more than 1 million hospitalisations in the US. Despite advances in the quality of acute and chronic HF disease management, gaps in knowledge about effective interventions to support the transition of care for patients with HF remain. Despite multiple trials of promising therapies, standard care consists of decongestion with IV diuretics and haemodynamic support with vasodilators and inotropes and this has remained largely unchanged during the past 45 years. Newer advances in medical innovations and structural heart disease interventions have now given promise to improved survival, outcomes and quality of life for patients with advanced HF of multiple aetiologies. In this article, we focus on structural interventions in the treatment of patients with HF.