bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Point of View Makes the Difference. Explaining the Position of Women in Myanmar
Authors: Winterberger Georg
Published: March 2017

Right now, Myanmar is a fascinating place to do research on a society as it moves from isolation to openness. During the time I spent in Myanmar doing qualitative field research, I noticed a gap between the literature about the position of women in Myanmar and the situation I came across in the field. This paper will first examine the existing literature on women in Myanmar including recent contributions, publications from the colonial time and during the time after the country gained independence. Secondly, I will expound on my field data relating to women in society and the power held by women within families and households. Finally, I will highlight the gap that arose in comparing literature and the data gained from my field research. I conclude that there is a sharp distinction between the different points of views of authors. Claims and statements of different authors can only be compared if attention is paid to the differing perspectives and their respective methodologies.
The Ṣaḍakṣara-vidyā: A translation and study of the Tibetan version of the six-syllables spell
Authors: Holz Kathrin
Published: March 2017

This article examines the Tibetan version of the Ṣaḍakṣara-vidyā, an apotropaic text extracted from the Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna, and discusses its position in early Buddhist rakṣā literature as well as the effects of its mantra, which was employed for healing purposes. The diseases, sores, and different kinds of fever against which the mantra shall be efficacious are given in a long list, which became a common feature throughout Buddhist protective texts. It is the sound substance of the mantra, which brings about the desired effect only when recited correctly. Thus the precise wording of the spell is essential, and this article therefore offers next to a full translation of the Tibetan sūtra also an edition of the mantras.
Unfertige Studien II: Bemerkungen zum Korankommentar des Aṣamm
Authors: van Ess Josef
Published: March 2017

Abu Bakr al-Asamm’s (d. 200/816 or 201/817) commentary of the Qur’an is one of the oldest of its genre. It originated in Basra but seems to have become a “book” only when, in the middle of the 3rd century H., it was transferred from Baghdad to Eastern Iran. There it was used by a number of authors, Sunni as well as Shii. The greatest number of quotations is found in Maturidi’s (d. 333/944 ?) Ta’wilat. The article deals with the material found in this source, its tendency as well as its relationship to quotations in later authors up to Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606/1210). The work has not survived, and we can only speculate where and for how long several copies, complete or incomplete survived.
Photometry and Classification of Stars in the Direction of the Dark Cloud TGU 619 in Cepheus. II. Interstellar Extinction and Cloud Distance
Authors: Zdanavičius K. , Maskoliūnas M. , Zdanavičius J. , Straižys V. , Kazlauskas A.
Published: March 2017

Interstellar extinction is investigated in a 1.5 square degree area of the Cepheus Flare in the direction of the dark cloud TGU 619 at ℓ=102.5°, b=+15.5°. The study is based on photometric classification of 658 stars in spectral and luminosity classes down to V = 16 mag using photometry in the Vilnius seven-color system published in Paper I (2009). The extinction in the investigated area is very uneven: in the most transparent directions we find an extinction of 0.3-1.1 mag while in the darkest directions the maximum extinction observed is 2.6 mag. The real extinction should be considerably larger since in the direction of some cloud clumps no stars are seen. The distribution of stars in the A
Comparisons and Comments on Electron and Ion Impact Profiles of Spectral Lines
Authors: Sahal-Bréchot Sylvie , Dimitrijević Milan S. , Nessib Nebil Ben
Published: March 2017

Stark broadening theory is currently operated for calculating widths and shifts of spectral lines that are needed for spectroscopic diagnostics and modeling in astrophysics, laboratory and technological plasmas. We have calculated a great number of data, obtained through the impact semiclassical perturbation theory: tables have been published for neutral atom and ion emitters, and typical temperatures, electron and ion densities. They are currently implemented in the STARK-B database which participates in the European effort within the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre. Despite of that, a great number of data are still missing. In the present paper, we revisit and compare a great number of the impact Stark widths and shifts by considering their semiclassical perturbation expressions. We also provide fitting formulae which are essential for the modeling codes of stellar atmospheres and envelopes.
‘Monks who are not priests do not have the power to bind and to loose’: the debate about confession in eleventh- and twelfth-century Byzantium
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk
Published: March 2017

This article focuses on the question whether or not unordained monks can hear confession and give absolution. It argues that until the tenth century this practice was regarded as unproblematic in Byzantium but that after this date the church began to insist on the strict implementation of canon law, which restricted this role to members of the church hierarchy. Through close reading of the surviving evidence it makes the case that this initiative was successful and that many monastic milieus came to accept the position of the secular church.
Die „deutsche Spur“ in der altrussischen Erzählung über die Einnahme Konstantinopels durch die Kreuzritter
Authors: Maiorov Alexander V. , Metelkin Evgenij N.
Published: March 2017

Old Rus’ literature and art reflected the capture of Constantinople by the Crusaders, in particular, in the Tale on the taking of Tsargrad by the Crusaders.The most likely author of this work, the oldest version of which has survived as part of the Older Version of the First Novgorod Chronicle, is the Novgorod Boyar Dobrynya Yadreykovich (later Archbishop Anthony). A close associate of the Galician-Volhynian prince RomanMstislavich, Dobrynya spent several years in Constantinople on his behalf and witnessed the devastation of the Byzantine capital by the Latins in April 1204. The close relationship with the Galician-Volhynian prince explains why Dobrynya paid attention to the prince’s brother-in-law - the German king Philip of Swabia - and his role in organizing the Fourth Crusade.The author of the Tale expressed the „Ibellin“ point of view, i.e. he attempted to take off the German king the responsibility for the devastation of Constantinople. He was familiar with the details of the escape of Prince Alexios (the future emperor Alexios IV) from the Byzantine capital to King Philip and used characteristic German vocabulary (place names and personal names). All this suggests that the Russian scribe used informations from a well-informed German source. Dobrynya’s informer could be one of King Philip’s supporters, Bishop of Halberstadt Konrad von Krosigk, who participated in the siege of Constantinople in 1203-1204.
Synthesis of 4H-3-aryl-2-cyano-1,4-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides for antiviral studies
Authors: Wilkerson Phillip D. , Bean Andrew C. , Stephens Chad E.
Published: March 2017

2-Cyano-substituted 1,4-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides, required for antiviral studies, were prepared by a reductive cyclodehydration of an ortho-nitro sulfone precursor containing a pendant aryl ketone group. The ring-forming reaction also furnishes a non-cyclized benzamide as a major byproduct via an unexpected acyl transfer reaction.
Plasma Methods of Obtainment of Multifunctional Composite Materials, Dispersion-Hardened by Nanoparticles
Authors: Sizonenko O. N. , Grigoryev E. G. , Pristash N. S. , Zaichenko A. D. , Torpakov A. S. , Lypian Ye. V. , Tregub V. A. , Zholnin A. G. , Yudin A. V. , Kovalenko A. A.
Published: March 2017

High voltage electric discharge (HVED) in disperse system “hydrocarbon liquid – powder” due to impact of plasma discharge channel, electromagnetic fields, shock waves mechanical impact, hydro flows and volume microcavitation leads to synthesis of nanocarbon, metal powders dispersion and synthesis of micro- (from 10−6 to 10−7 m) and nanosized (from 10−7 to 10−9 m) composite powders of hardening phases. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of powder mixtures allows targeted control of grain growth rate and thus allows obtainment of multifunctional composite materials dispersion hardened by nanoparticles. Processes of HVED synthesis of micro- and nanosized powders of new compositions from elemental metal powders and their mixtures with the subsequent application of high-speed SPS of obtained powders create conditions for increase of strength (by 10–20 %), hardness and wear-resistance (by 30–60 %) of obtained materials.
Concentration of Point Defects in Metal Deficient Zn1-yO
Authors: Drożdż Monika , Wierzba Bartek , Grzesik Zbigniew
Published: March 2017

In this paper the doping effect has been used to indirectly calculate point defect concentration in metal-deficient Zn1-yO zinc oxide. The proposed method consists of determining the concentration of prevailing point defects in the studied oxide from the influence of chromium addition on the point defect situation in doped zinc oxide. It has been found that chromium addition into the crystal lattice of zinc oxide changes its ionic disorder, enabling calculation of predominant point defects in Zn1-yO. The concentration of predominant point defects in Zn1-yO is the following function of oxygen pressure and temperature:
$$\eqalign{\left[{\,{{\rm V''}_{\rm Zn}}\,} \right]\, &= \,{1 \over 2}\left[{\,{\rm h^ \bullet}\,} \right]\, = \,0.63 \cdot \,\rm p_{{O_2}}^{1/6}\, \cdot {K^{1/3}}\,_{}^{}\, \cr& = \,\,5.6 \cdot {10^{- 3}} \cdot \,\rm p_{{O_2}}^{1/6}\, \cdot \exp \left({- {{27\,kJ/mol} \over {RT}}} \right)\cdot}$$
Multimodal form-meaning pairs for blended classic joint attention
Authors: Turner Mark
Published: March 2017

A range of multimodal form-meaning pairs has arisen to prompt for the generic integration template called blended classic joint attention (BCJA). This article presents examples and principles.
Crystal structure of bis(μ2-azido-κ2
N:N)-dichlorido-bis(μ2-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol-κ2
O,N)dicopper(II), C14H18Cl2Cu2N8O2
Authors: Xin Wang , Huichao Lv , Liguo Yang , Yuqiang Dai
Published: March 2017

C14H18Cl2Cu2N8O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.0166(6) Å, b = 15.2792(14) Å, c = 11.5833(12) Å, β = 100.295(1)°, V = 1047.70(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0412, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0884, T = 298 K.
Sujeitos juvenis e protagonismo social em Jesús Martín-Barbero
Authors: Jacks Nilda Aparecida , Schmitz Daniela Maria
Published: March 2017

Embora não dedique nenhuma obra em especial à temática da juventude, a produção de Jesús Martín-Barbero acompanha e destaca a agência deste novo ator social que emerge a partir dos anos 1980. Seja nas discussões sobre identidade, sociabilidade, subjetividade, tecnologia, educação ou ainda na revolução midiática contemporânea, está atento ao protagonismo juvenil nos processos e mudanças sociais do nosso tempo. Assim, este artigo é um apanhado dos apontamentos e discussões que elencam o jovem ao papel de referência. Aos olhos do autor, compreender a cultura juvenil é adentrar uma lacuna que transcende o período temporal circunscrito entre a infância e a adultez, é espiar por uma fresta na qual se vislumbra um novo sensorium que de forma não linear conecta (e também rompe com) passado e futuro.
Acción española y plazas atlánticas portuguesas en África tras la independencia portuguesa: lealtad, ruptura o interés
Authors: Perez Germán Santana
Published: March 2017

Após a independência de Portugal em 1640, o panorama de fidelidade para a causa bragancista era incerto nos territórios atlânticos africanos controlados pelos portugueses. O comércio de escravos para a América hispânica era um atrativo muito grande para o rompimento de maneira brusca. Ademais, a presença espanhola na África tinha crescido desde 1580, e após 1640 o Rei espanhol não estava disposto a perder seus antigos domínios sem lutar. Ante essa encruzilhada, a lealdade de muitos habitantes das praças portuguesas estava em questão. Uma grande parte teve uma atitude titubeante até que se aclarasse a situação de instabilidade política. Ao mesmo tempo, os espanhóis não duvidaram em incrementar sua presença comercial e missioneira na costa ocidental africana.
El Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación, Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica: 40 años después
Authors: Artavia Granados Jenny , Cárdenas Leitón Helvetia
Published: March 2017

Este artículo presenta un análisis retrospectivo del quehacer académico del Departamento de Educación de la Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica. Este Departamento se creó en el año 1975 y a partir de esta fecha, desarrolló procesos académicos los cuales incluyeron los tres pilares fundamentales del diario quehacer universitario: la docencia,la investigación y la acción social. Se hace referencia a la trayectoria que ha tenido en las áreas de Acción Social e Investigación, con proyectos que han dado respuesta a las necesidades e intereses de grupos y comunidades organizadas de la región de Occidente, así como los requerimientos del sector educativo de la región de influencia de la Sede de Occidente.
VIRUSES OF THE PARVOVIRIDAE FAMILY: MOLECULAR GENETICAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION AND MEDICAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: Antipova A. Yu. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: March 2017

Discovery of new parvoviruses led to taxonomical structure and the nomenclature of the Parvoviridae family reevaluation. There are two subfamilies: Densovirinae and Parvovirinae. Densovirinae subfamily consists of viruses of arthropoda. The Parvovirinae subfamily includes eight genuses of vertebrate animals viruses. In this review parvoviruses which are of interest to practical health care will be considered. Data on molecular and biological and virological characteristics of viruses, epidemiological and clinical features of the infections caused by these viruses are submitted. Parvoviruses whichare interesting for human health care belong to five genuses: Bocaparvovirus, Dependoparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Protoparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus. The most known person pathogenic parvovirus is the Primate erythroparvovirus 1 virus which was earlier called by Human parvovirus B19. It was discovered in 1975. It relates to the Erythroparvovirus genus. In this review the main attention is paid to less known viruses of this family. In viral lower respiratory tract infections structure the leading place is taken by Human Bocavirus — Primate bocaparvovirus 1 and Primate bocaparvovirus 2 relating to the Bocaparvovirus genus. In 2005, the virus of human, Primate tetraparvovirus 1, was discovered which belongs to the genus Tetraparvovirus. Clinically acute form of a tetraparvoviral infection is a top and lower respiratory tract and an alimentary tract disease. The virus possesses teratogenic action. Protoparvovirus genus representatives cause an alimentary tract disease also. Two species, pathogenic for the person are described. Bufavirus (Primate protoparvovirus 1) was found in 2012. Tuzavirus (Primate protoparvovirus 2, Tusavirus 1) was highlighted in 2014. Rodent protoparvovirus 1 which consist of rodents viruses is very interesting species for therapy of the human. Viruses of this species are capable to infect a wide range of human cancer cells, have the expressed carcinolytic properties and are perspective for treatment of person with a cancer. The human virus of the Dependoparvovirus genus called Human adeno-associated virus was discovered in 1965 in the drugs of an adenovirus. This virus isn’t associated with any disease however the virus can be located in a certain locus of the 19th human chromosome and is a perspective candidate like a vector for the treatment of genetic diseases.
Cloned Genomic Library using Illumina Adapters v1
Authors: D. Weyman Philip
Published: March 2017

A protocol to create a genomic library (2-5 kb insert size) to screen forgenomic regions functioning as centromeres. Uses the NEBNext Illumina library prep kit from NEB to add adapters to fragments and then the fragments can be efficiently assembled into a vector containing homology to the adapter sequences using Gibson Assembly.
An assessment of nasal and orbital parameters in human fetuses
Authors: Acar Musa , Salbacak Ahmet , Çiçekcibaşı Aynur E. , Büyükmumcu Mustafa , Şahin Tahir K.
Published: March 2017

Background: Nasal bone aplasia and hypoplasia have been reported on fetuses with aneuploidy. Trisomy 21 is one of the most common chromosomal abnormality detected in new-borns. The purpose of our study is to obtain data of some face parameters in Turkish fetal population and to contribute creation of reference ranges that may be used for prenatal diagnosis.Methods: This study was performed in 66 spontaneously aborted fetuses (47 second trimester and 19 third trimester) (28 male and 38 female) with no detectable external pathology or anomalies. Measurements were designed as nasal bone length (NBL), nose length (NL), nose width (NW), nostril width (NsW),                intraocular distance (IOD), innercanthal distance (ICD), outercanthal distance (OCD), orbital diameter (OD), biparietal diameter (BPD).Results: In comparison between genders, ICD and BPD averages were found significantly higher in male fetuses than female fetuses (P<0.05). There was not any statistically significant difference between averages of the values on the right and left. The difference between second and the third trimester was significant in terms of all parameters (P<0.05). A strong correlation was detected between gestational age and our parameters.Conclusions: Present study has contributed to create reference ranges of Turkish community. When importance of early diagnosis is considered, we believe that this data will be useful for clinicians.
Usefulness of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in descemet’s membrane detachment following cataract surgery
Authors: Lathika Vasu Kamaladevi , Thresika Uvaraj , Nayana Sebastian
Published: March 2017

Background: Postoperative descemet’s membrane detachments (DMD) can be vision threatening if not detected early and managed appropriately Eyes with DMD usually have corneal haze which may hamper slitlamp evaluation. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) is a precise, non-invasive imaging technique that yields high resolution cross sectional images of the cornea. This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of AS OCT as compared to slitlamp biomicroscopy in the detection and management of post-operative DMD following small incision cataract surgery.Methods: It was a prospective study on sixty-seven patients who underwent cataract surgery. Slitlamp biomicroscopy and ASOCT were done in all patients on postoperative day one. The presence of descemet’s membrane detachment was noted using each technique. Eyes with DMD were followed up one week and again one month later. ASOCT was repeated to assess the status of DMD. Management was planned accordinglyResults: On post-operative day one, only 1.49% of the study group showed descemet’s detachment on slitlamp biomicroscopy, as against 20.89% using ASOCT. This increase in diagnostic yield on ASOCT was statistically significant(p=0.05). On follow-up, descemet’s membrane had reattached in seven eyes one week after surgery and in all eyes one month after surgery, with medical management alone.Conclusions: AS OCT has a definite advantage over slit lamp biomicroscopy in the detection of descemet’s membrane detachment following cataract surgery. Our study also validates the fact that AS OCT helps in follow up and decision making in the management of DMD.
Study of the red cell indices, hemogram and platelet variations in anaemic (<10gm%) patients by automatic cell counter in a tertiary care centre, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Jadhav Saili U. , Khaparde Sadhana
Published: March 2017

Background: Anemia is not a disease but it is the expression of underlying diseases and from the treatment point of view, it is necessary to identify the cause of anemia. The definition of anemia is as decrease in the number of red blood cells or the decreased percentage of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia is such an important issue affecting a large population in India as well as worldwide, Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the red cell indices, haemogram and study the relation of platelet count with anaemia in anaemic (<10gm%) patients by automatic cell counter in Vikhe Patil Medical hospital.Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study. The sample size of research project was 100 patients, included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: In present study, equal numbers of patients suffer from macrocytic normochromic anemia and hyperchromic anemia, that is, 8 patients of each. Out of 100 patients, 61% patients showed decreased platelet count. Maximum percentage of anaemic patients showed decreased platelet count in the range of 2.5-1.5 lakhs. Least percentage of patients (16%) showed platelet count less than 0.5 lakhs/cmm3.Conclusions: Screening for anaemia, treatment of anaemic women, and availability and use of food fortification (wheat flour with iron and folic acid), milk, sugar and salt with iron to build long term iron stores remains the key to reduce anemia in adolescent and pregnant women. Consumption of cheap iron-rich foodstuffs should be promoted. Effective poverty alleviation and hookworm prevention programs are also important.
Improvement of medical-pedagogical observation as a method for preventing the development of prepathological condition in young athletes
Authors: Usmankhodjaeva Adiba A.
Published: March 2017

Background: In the practice of training young athletes in recent years, there has been a tendency to one-sided development. Currently, existing protocols, medical-pedagogical surveillance (MPS) is imperfect, do not enable to collect complete information about young athlete in the course of training which required for the correction of the training process and optimise post-physical stressing recovery. Aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the improved protocol implementation- medical-pedagogical observations of children engaged in sport schools in Uzbekistan.Methods: The study was performed over 120 sports school students. Medical-pedagogical supervision (MPS) was conducted in the morning and evening sessions in different periods of the annual cycle. Study participants were divided into 2 groups and each includes 60 people, depending on the applied Protocol MPS. During the training, led timing classes, noted what the athlete using a symbol. At the end of training calculated duration of physical stress and motor density lesson finding the percent of the time the physical stress to the total training duration. Special attention was paid to the nature of the training process: the number of lessons per week correct their location, the duration and structure of activities, their common and motor density. During exercise, every 10-15 minutes counting the pulse.Results: Density of the training depended on the degree of preparedness of young athletes and in the elementary group it was 58%, middle- 63%, high- 70%. According to the current Protocol MPS failed to identify the presence of fatigue of young athletes and to assess its degree. In middle physical stress distributed such a way that the ratio of general physical training and special physical stress was equal parts, warm-up was 18-20%, the majority- 60%, final was 15-18%. In older group warm-up 10-15% of the entire training duration, the major part- 80% and the final 5-10%. The density classes are 65-80%. Reorganization showed that the number of basic groups of chronic diseases was decreased 1.2-2.5 times in most classes of diseases, whereas in control group these indicators in 2015, by contrast, has grown in 1.5-2.2 times in comparison with 2014.Conclusions: Conduct medical-pedagogical supervision on advanced protocols and corresponding reorganization of the training process and rationalization of physical stress allowed to improve the dynamics of their physical development without deviations from age-related standards of physical fitness and reducing rates of infection.
Dealing with unclaimed dead bodies- embrace the challenge
Authors: Pankaj Arora , Singh Bhogal Ranjitpal
Published: March 2017

Background: Worldwide a significant number of unclaimed dead bodies report to hospital and health authorities find it difficult to clear them from morgues. The epidemiology of these unclaimed dead bodies and various methods to identify them has been studied by various forensic experts but no study has considered pitfalls in dignified disposal of the dead bodies. Methods: As a part of routine set up of mortuary, a designated person among the staff of mortuary has been assigned the task of keeping the record of unidentified dead bodies and facilitating their disposal with the help of local police and police under whose jurisdiction the case falls. The same data has been collected retrospectively between the period from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015. Results: In this study our designated person, in coordination with local police, was able to expedite the process of disposing these dead bodies on an average in 9.7 days; in accordance with the law and as per the customary rituals, where ever possible. This reflects an extraordinary work beyond the routine tasks given to this indispensable and highly motivated worker. Conclusions: However, this points to a possible need for development of a mechanism, where it is not dependent on individual efforts.
Study to assess predictive value of waist to height ratio and body mass index as a risk factor of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nagar Sampat Raj , Jain Manish
Published: March 2017

Background: Hypertension and diabetes have become important world-wide public-health challenges. Assessment of risk for Hypertension and Diabetes requires identifying an easy tool that can be used by health workers in screening programmes. To compare predictive value of WHtR against BMI in assessing risk of Hypertension and Diabetes. Methods: A case-control study was carried out at MB Hospital and Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) attached to RNT Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Selected individuals were examined and interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Odds ratios were derived for quantitative analysis. Results: Observed proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg /m2 was 60.4% in type 2 diabetes cases, whereas 39.6% in controls. Odds ratio was 2.383. Observed proportion of BMI ≥ 25 kg/ m2 was 66.7% in HTN cases, whereas 33.3% in controls with a Odds ratio of 3.484. An Odds ratio of 3.151, showed existence of strong association of WHtR above 0.5 with hypertension. Observed proportion of WHtR above 0.5 was 56.3% in type 2 diabetes cases, whereas 43.7% in controls and Odds ratio was 4.292. Conclusions: The OR of WHtR in diabetes (4.292) in compared to OR of BMI (2.303), shows the strength of association of WHtR as an alarming risk factor for diabetes than BMI; whereas an equivalent strength of association was observed for hypertension. Study favours the use of anthropometric measures especially WHtR for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Knowledge regarding hazards and legislation of tobacco consumption among undergraduate students in Rajkot & Morbi Districts, Gujarat, India, 2016
Authors: R. Matariya Zalak , K. Namera Harshida , Patel Umed V.
Published: March 2017

Background: Tobacco which is most common legally available hazardous substance, most of the new users in India's is school children. For prevention and control of tobacco consumption, legislation lies at the very heart of any effective tobacco control programme. To assess knowledge regarding harmful effects and legislation of tobacco consumption among undergraduate studentsMethods: A cross sectional study carried out among 2000 students in 20 colleges of different streams of Rajkot and Morbi districts during February-March 2016 using self-administered questionnaire. Proportion of male: female was kept 3:1.Results: Knowledge regarding harmful effects of tobacco was present in 95.8% participants. 92.8% students believed that cancer is the harmful effect of tobacco consumption.77.3% students had knowledge that tobacco consumption is the leading cause of death in India. Television was the commonest source of knowledge of harmful effect of tobacco (71.9%).  Only 15.9% students had knowledge regarding the penalty for violation of rules of tobacco consumption prohibition.Conclusion: Knowledge regarding harmful effects of tobacco consumption was present in majority of students but it had no association with tobacco consumption habit. Knowledge regarding legislation of tobacco consumption was poor among students.
A study on awareness of Tuberculosis amongst patients attending a rural health center in Tamilnadu, Indi
Authors: G. Vijayakrishnan , Bobba Swetha , Venugopal Vishal
Published: March 2017

Background: Tuberculosis has turned out to be one of the complex health issues worldwide. In the year 2015, there were an estimated 10.4 million new (incident) TB cases worldwide, of which 5.9 million (56%) were among men, 3.5 million (34%) among women and 1.0 million (10%) among children. People living with HIV accounted for 1.2 million (11%) of all new TB cases. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted amongst patients attending the OPD of rural health center of a medical college hospital at Kancheepuram. Data were collected between March 11th to May 10th for a period of about 2 months. A total of 200 patients were included for this study. Two hundred patients who attended the OPD between March 11th to May 10th were selected as study subjects. Results: Of the 200 participants who participated in this study 104 were males (52%) and 96 were females (48%). Knowledge regarding Tuberculosis was assessed based on analyzing the data regarding knowledge on various aspects of the disease like cause, perception, mode of spread, prevention and treatment. About 160 study subjects (80%) had heard about the disease tuberculosis before and only a minority (20%) reported that they had never heard tuberculosis before. Conclusions: Though the population is aware of the disease Tuberculosis, their knowledge about its risk factors, mode of spread and treatment is not satisfactory. It is observed that several misconceptions about the disease still exist amongst the study population. There is need to provide essential knowledge about Tuberculosis to the general population.
Coronary Heart Disease risk profile among women attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Karnataka, India
Authors: Hoogar Varsha , M. Renuka , Kulkarni Prashanth , Desai Nagaraja
Published: March 2017

Background: Present study was conducted to assess the risk factors of CHD in women who had undergone Coronary Angiography for CHD evaluation. Objectives of the study were to assess the CHD Risk profile among women attending Tertiary Care Hospital at Mysore city and to enlist the clinical presentation of women admitted to tertiary care Hospital. Settings and Design: Hospital based cross sectional study. Methods: All the women who were admitted to the Department of Cardiology from April 2015 to January 2016 were interviewed using pre structured proforma. Details of the female patients who had undergone Angiography from September 2013 to March 2015 were also collected from Medical Record Section of the Hospital. Statistical Analysis: Proportion and mean were used for relevant univariate analysis and significance of association was tested using appropriate tests of significance. Results: 17% of women were known cases of CHD. 87.4% of women were admitted with the symptom of chest pain. 44% of women who presented with IHD belonged to normal and underweight BMI category. Among the clinically suspected or diagnosed to be cases of CHD, 75% had blocks in their coronaries. Single artery block (29.7%) and triple artery block (22.5%) were predominant. Left anterior descending artery had significant block (>70%) in 36% of women. Left circumflex artery and right coronary arteries showed significant blocks in 26% and 22.5% participants. Conclusions: Earlier age of presentation, higher proportion of coronary blocks in majority of study women belonging to normal or underweight BMI category are alarms of changing pattern of CHD in Indian women.
Study of association of thrombocytopenia with plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: Rathod Gunvanti B. , Parmar Pragnesh
Published: March 2017

Background: Malaria is a protozoan disease, transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheles mosquito. It is the most important parasitic disease of human with transmission in 107 countries containing three billion people and causing 1-3 million deaths each year. P. Vivax and P. Falciparum infections are always associated with haematological abnormalities like normocytic normochromic anaemia, initial leukocytosis followed by leukopenia with monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Materials and methods: Total 250 indoor patients of medicine and paediatric department, over the period of 2 years from April 2007 to March 2009, were included in the study. All the study subjects were identified positive for malaria parasites on peripheral blood smear examination with conventional microscopy. For the conformation of the isolated infections of P. Falciparum and P. Vivax, we had also used ‘OptiMAL ® Rapid Malaria Dipstick Test’. Platelet count was done on a fully automated, quantitative Abacus BC 3200 Auto Haematology Analyzer. Results: Severe thrombocytopenia is more common with P. Falciparum (20.83%) and mixed infection (16.67%) as compared to P. Vivax infection (7.33%), although P. Vivax infection had significant number of cases with moderate (36.67%) and mild thrombocytopenia (38%). Conclusion: Presence of thrombocytopenia is not a distinguishing feature between the P. Falciparum and P. Vivax infection. In patients with acute febrile illness and with marked thrombocytopenia, P. Vivax should also be kept as a differential diagnosis.
Does the presence of an eschar correlate with severity of scrub typhus infection?
Authors: Shaikh Iqbal Ahmed Atif , Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar Abhilash , Mitra Shubhanker , Jayakaran Jonathan Arul Jeevan , Trinity Paul , Varghese George M.
Published: March 2017

Background & Materials and Methods: In scrub typhus (ST) the correlation of disease severity to the presence or absence of eschar is not known. We describe the differences between patients with an eschar and those without. Results: In the 193 patients, 105 (56%) had an eschar. Patients with an eschar had a higher incidence of renal failure (18.1% vs. 5.7%; P = 0.01), respiratory system involvement (30.5% vs. 13.6%; P = 0.01) and cardiovascular system (CVS) involvement (21.9% vs. 10.2%; P = 0.03). Involvement of the central nervous system, hematological system and gastro-intestinal tract were not statistically significant between the two groups. ST patients with an eschar had significantly higher requirement for noninvasive ventilation (9.1% vs. 1.9%; P = 0.04). Requirement of invasive ventilation and inotropic supports were the same in both groups. Conclusion: The presence of an eschar in patients with ST is associated with a higher incidence of renal dysfunction, CVS and respiratory system involvement and a greater requirement of noninvasive ventilatory support.
Rare CBFB-MYH11 cryptic rearrangement in acute myeloid leukemia with ins(16)(p13.1q22q22)
Authors: Zhang Hailing , Sagatys Elizabeth M , Shao Haipeng , Liu Kenian
Published: March 2017

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with CBFB-MYH11 fusion gene is almost always associated with either inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22). Only a few variants leading to formation of this chimeric gene have been reported. In this report, we describe a novel type of CBFB-MYH11 fusion variant generated by an insertion of CBFB into the MYH11 gene, which is identifiable by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
Redefining advances in modern oncology research
Authors: Wong Kwong-Kwok
Published: March 2017

I am excited to be the new Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Modern Oncology Research and would like to thank the founding Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Omar Abdel Rahman, for his diligent service to the journal since its inception in 2015. AMOR, the abbreviation commonly used for the journal means “love” in Spanish. As an Open Access journal, I hope that AMOR will be a global platform to disseminate knowledge in modern oncology research from both basic and clinical scientists with a passion to find a cure for cancer.

 

 
Incorporating a holistic view into the art of healing
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: March 2017

Nuclear Medicine Specialist Dr. Kornélia Kajȧry recalls the period during her childhood when her parents’ career had helped spark her interest in medicine. “Both of my parents worked in the field of health. My father practiced his profession as a general practitioner, therefore medicine became a part of everyday life in our family. When I was a child, my father told me and explained a lot about his work, which made me more interested in the art of healing,” the Researcher in Spotlight reminisces.
Czy polski system podatkowy jest progresywny? Analiza rozkładu obciążeń w zależności od formy zatrudnienia
Authors: Piwowarski Radosław
Published: March 2017

Większość krajów Unii Europejskiej stosuje progresywne podatki dochodowe od osób fizycznych (PIT). Jest to wynikiem wdrożenia zasady sprawiedliwości pionowej pozwalającej na realizację pozafiskalnych funkcji podatków. W Polsce przyjęto rozwiązanie pośrednie i zastosowano system mieszany. Oprócz rozliczenia w oparciu o progresywną skalę podatkową, od 2004 roku podatnicy prowadzący pozarolniczą działalność gospodarczą mogą wybrać rozliczenie przy pomocy 19% liniowej stawki podatku. Celem opracowania jest analiza progresji polskiego systemu podatkowego w zależności od formy zatrudnienia. W analizie bierze się pod uwagę obciążenie zarówno podatkami (PIT, VAT i akcyzą), jak i składkami na ubezpieczenia społeczne i ubezpieczenie zdrowotne. Obliczenia wykonuje się dla 2012 roku w oparciu o obowiązujące wtedy wysokości stawek podatkowych, składek ubezpieczeń oraz stosowane ich limity. Do szacunku obciążeń podatkiem VAT i akcyzą wykorzystuje się dane GUS z Badania Budżetów Gospodarstw Domowych z 2012 roku. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że wybór formy zatrudnienia istotnie wpływa na wielkość obciążeń podatkowych, a co za tym idzie warunkuje progresję podatkową. Dla osób zatrudnionych na umowę o pracę system podatkowy ma charakter progresywny. W przypadku osoby samozatrudnionej prowadzącej pozarolniczą działalność gospodarczą rozliczającej się według skali podatkowej, progresywny charakter systemu pojawia się powyżej 100 000 zł przychodu. Korzystając z samozatrudnienia połączonego z 19% liniową stawką podatku dochodowego, system podatkowy ma wyłącznie regresywny charakter.
Ser um professor pesquisador
Authors: Klein Edna Scola
Published: March 2017

O Projeto "ESCOLA SINGULAR: AÇÕES PLURAIS", realizado na nossa unidade escolar, tem trazido a discussão e a reflexão para as nossas reuniões, compreensão de atitudes dos adolescentes e nossas enquanto profissionais. Trabalhar em grupo e viver com as diversidades é um grande desafio e também uma grande aprendizagem. Esta diversidade ocorre entre os colegas de trabalho e na própria sala de aula. Refletir sobre nossas ações nos traz a figura do professor-pesquisador. Realizamos diversas atividades na escola que trouxeram a todos uma maior participação nos espaços escolares, contato com a arte, com a pesquisa, com a observação. Estes processos ocorreram entre os alunos e com a equipe docente também. Participo de reuniões semanais, com os professores de 5ª a 8ª séries para trocas de idéias, estudo e discussões de textos e temas. Ouvir e participar das discussões com os diversos profissionais do Projeto sobre as teorias de aprendizagem, diversidades de estratégias utilizadas nas aulas ou formas de aquisição de conhecimento foi muito importante para o nosso trabalho. Interdisciplinaridade é o tema do subgrupo que participo e inicialmente o interessante do trabalho em grupo é realmente o fortalecimento de cada pessoa e a percepção de uma atitude interdisciplinar. Debatemos os conceitos de Interdisciplinaridade e planejamos algumas ações de forma interdisciplinar para aplicá-las com os alunos.
Afetividade nas relações de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Área Clarice Jaeger
Published: March 2017

O presente texto apresenta os dilemas e reflexões acerca da compreensão do processo ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos da EMEF Padre Francisco Silva, principalmente em relação aos alunos em defasagem no processo de aquisição de leitura e escrita e que não conseguem acompanhar a turmas em que estão matriculados. Na busca de novos caminhos e possibilidades de trabalho com estes alunos, conto com as contribuições da abordagem histórico-cultural, ampliando minha compreensão sobre a importância da afetividade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos e que realmente afetividade e cognição caminham juntas.
Relato de observações e convivências na sala de aula
Authors: Vita Alessandra Vita de Araújo
Published: March 2017

No presente artigo narro minha inserção como pedagoga e professora substituta de 2ª série na Escola Padre Francisco Silva da Rede Municipal de Campinas, quando assumo a responsabilidade por um grupo de alunos com histórias de rótulos, estigmas e pré-conceitos. Algumas questões que me inquietavam: mudar a imagem negativa que o grupo tinha de si mesmo, melhorar as relações no grupo, estabelecer democraticamente alguns princípios dentro do grupo. Um dos caminhos delineados para possibilitar essas mudanças no grupo foram as atividades desenvolvidas a partir do projeto de Ciências que denominei “Nossa Horta”. O encontro com os colegas da escola nos momentos de reflexão conjunta foi um outro caminho que me possibilitou delinear outras estratégias.
Histórias que precisam ser conhecidas: reflexividade de professores em ações plurais na escola pública
Authors: Orbetelli Sheila
Published: March 2017

Venho mostrar através deste artigo, o trabalho desenvolvido em minha sala de aula, uma 4ª série, em uma escola pública municipal da periferia de Campinas. Meu objetivo, enquanto pesquisadora da reflexividade docente e da aprendizagem mediada, é buscar alternativas de “ensinagem” para superação das dificuldades que encontramos no processo de aprendizagem escolar. Entre estas dificuldades, uma das que mais me afetaram como professora, foi minha própria desmotivação, frente à necessidade diferenciada de cada aluno, em classes muito numerosas, causando assim uma diversidade representativa da comunidade escolar, dentro da sala de aula. O trabalho em duplas, a avaliação formativa, o estabelecimento de significação e sentido dos conteúdos, o estabelecimento de clima agradável, amistoso e harmônico, a maior interação entre alunos e professora, e também, o trabalho interdisciplinar desenvolvido através de “mini-projetos”, em paralelo com um grupo de estudos que consta como atividade do projeto, possibilitou vislumbrar novos horizontes.
Olhando para a escola
Authors: Servidone Mabel
Published: March 2017

O presente texto visa discutir sobre as formas de inclusão que a escola tem procurado estabelecer para atender os alunos, proveniente das redes estaduais de ensino, que apresentam condições de produção abaixo da média da classe/série em que estão. A discussão feita sobre esta realidade se dá a partir do olhar de uma Diretora Educacional, que por ocupar esta função, apresenta uma análise um pouco mais distanciada da sala de aula (mas de modo algum menos comprometida com a mesma), e mais próxima da escola como um todo.
A presença de uma aluna surda em uma turma de ouvintes: possibilidade de (re)pensar a mesmidade e a diferença no cotidiano escolar
Authors: Sampaio Carmen Sanches
Published: March 2017

A presença de uma aluna surda em uma turma de crianças ouvintes em uma escola pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro tem instigado um grupo de professoras alfabetizadoras a invistir na realização de uma prática pedagógica que transforme a diferença – que nos constitui – em vantagem pedagógica. A tão proclamada homogeneidade – nos modos de aprender e ensinar, nos modos de lidar com as crianças, nas práticas avaliativas, etc – vem dialogando com a heterogeneidade real de toda sala de aula, possibilitando o aprendizado, nada fácil, de compreender a singularidade e a pluralidade como traços constituintes do processo ensinoaprendizagem. Nesse processo algumas questões têm surgido: como pensar uma escola que, de fato, reconheça as singularidades lingüísticas e culturais dos alunos e alunas? Como reconhecer politicamente a surdez como diferença? É possível compreender e lidar com a diferença, no cotidiano escolar, no sentido de praticar ações pedagógicas que não invistam na nomeação e controle do outro? Ou a mesmidade da escola proíbe a diferença? Esse texto socializa e discute limites e possibilidades de uma ação pesquisadora que procura, com as professoras, investir na construção de um currículo escolar que não seja marcado pelo fracasso e exclusão cotidiana de um número significativo de alunos e alunas das classes populares.
A construção de histórias por alunos surdos: aprendizagem coletiva
Authors: Silva Ivani Rodrigues , Cheffer Rosana
Published: March 2017

As pessoas surdas têm sido consideradas, recentemente, como parte de grupos lingüísticos bilíngües minoritários e o processo da aquisição do português, por esses grupos de estudantes, tem sido objeto de muita reflexão. Este estudo apresenta o trabalho realizado pelo Programa Escolaridade e Surdez do CEPRE/Unicamp, e tem como objetivo discutir o processo de construção de escrita coletiva de um livro por um grupo de adolescentes surdos, a partir do próprio interesse do grupo de fazerem uma história em conjunto. O trabalho com o grupo ocorreu em três estágios: no primeiro, ocorreu a discussão e escolha do tema; no segundo, iniciou-se a redação conjunta da história e os tópicos relativos a cada capítulo, para que os estudantes tivessem uma visão global do texto; e, no terceiro estágio, ocorreu a completa elaboração do livro incluindo o seu acabamento estrutural. No final do processo, foi verificado um aumento considerável do interesse dos alunos pela escrita, e os estudantes puderam vivenciar, de um modo significativo, os usos das convenções da linguagem e dos sentidos das palavras quando em diferentes contextos.
Letramento e surdez: a visualização das palavras
Authors: Gesueli Zilda Maria , Moura Lia de
Published: March 2017

Este trabalho propõe um novo olhar sobre o processo de letramento de alunos surdos e sobre a noção de texto, enfatizando a importância do aspecto visual da leitura-escrita como um fator constitutivo desse processo. Dada a característica visual da língua de sinais, a imagem apresenta-se de forma significativa no processo de construção de conhecimento desses alunos. A língua de sinais constitui-se como traço identitário co-relacionado à cultura, portanto, o dizer na língua de sinais constitui a base para o encontro com o objeto escrito na sala de aula. Neste contexto, torna-se necessário, portanto, refletir sobre a concepção de texto e nos distanciarmos da noção de escrita como representativa da oralidade, o que nos afasta de uma concepção grafocêntrica da escrita e nos leva a considerar as ações que se fazem com e sobre a língua (no caso, o português escrito) como práticas discursivas. Nesta perspectiva, o letramento visual apresenta-se como um fator de extrema relevância no processo de escolarização de surdos.