bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Signal Distortion Bias Using Geometry-Free Linear Combinations
Authors: Abou Galala Mohammed , Chen Wu
Published: November 2024

Signal distortion bias (SDB) in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data processing, defined as the time difference between the distorted chip and the ideal rectangular chip, leads to systematic biases in pseudoranges, affecting satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCBs). The stability of SDBs, allowing them to be treated as constant values, highlights the importance of investigating both their stability and estimation accuracy. Two different methods are used to estimate SDBs: (1) the hybrid method and (2) the geometry-free method. Data from approximately 430 stations, spanning the entire year of 2021, were analyzed to evaluate the estimation accuracy and the short-term and long-term stability of GPS SDBs. The analysis focused on two code signals: C1C (L1 Coarse/Acquisition) and C2W (L2 P(Y)). The results show that the short-term and long-term stability of GPS C1C and C2W SDBs is comparable for both methods, with only minor variations between them. Additionally, one month of data were used to validate the accuracy of estimated SDBs across different receiver groups. The results demonstrate that geometry-free SDBs provide stable satellite DCB estimates with an average bias below 0.15 ns and minimal residual biases, while hybrid SDBs provide satellite DCB estimates with an average bias below 0.20 ns. Overall, the comparison underscores the superior performance of geometry-free SDBs in achieving consistent satellite DCB estimates.
Deep-Learning Gravity Inversion Method with Depth-Weighting Constraints and Its Application in Geothermal Exploration
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Wei Yue , Lu Pengyu , Jiao Jian , Jia Hongfa
Published: November 2024

As a key component of remote-sensing technology, satellite gravity observation offers extensive coverage and high accuracy, effectively compensating for the shortcomings of terrestrial gravity measurements. Three-dimensional gravity data inversion can predict the physical property and spatial distribution of geological formations beneath the surface by analyzing the gravity data. In this paper, the heat source position within the Gonghe Basin’s geothermal system is identified through the analysis of satellite gravity data, and a constrained deep-learning inversion method is proposed. This method adds the fitting data constraints and depth-weighting function into the network model establishment of deep learning, and trains the network through a large number of datasets, so that the network is constrained by physical information in the training process to obtain the results with a better data-fitting accuracy and higher depth resolution. The proposed method is employed to verify the synthetic model data, and the inversion results indicated that, compared to other methods, the deep-learning gravity inversion method with the addition of physical information constraints has a higher inversion accuracy and depth resolution. Finally, the inversion results based on satellite gravity data revealed the presence of numerous low-density bodies in the underground range of 10–35 km in the research area. It is speculated that this part could be the heat source of the geothermal system in the Gonghe Basin. The findings from this study are expected to contribute to a deeper comprehension of the formation of the geothermal system in the region.
Regional GNSS Common Mode Error Correction to Refine the Global Reference Frame
Authors: Wang Ruyuan , Chen Junping , Dong Danan , Tan Weijie , Liao Xinhao
Published: November 2024

Common mode error (CME) arises from various sources, including unknown regional errors, potential geophysical signals, and other factors present in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate solutions, undeniably affecting the GNSS precision. This research concentrates on the effects of CME correction in global IGS-based reference frame refinement. We first estimated the regional CME with principal component analysis to obtain CME-corrected GNSS coordinate solutions. Subsequently, effects on the global reference frame with the regional CME correction were analyzed in three aspects: accuracy improvement of the coordinate solutions, variation in the velocity field, and accuracy improvement of the Helmert parameters in the reference frame transformation. The results show that after applying CME correction, the GNSS coordinate accuracy was improved by 28.9%, 22.1%, and 29.5% for the east, north, and vertical components, respectively. Regarding the site velocities, the maximum difference in velocity reached 0.48 mm/yr. In addition, the standard deviation of the Helmert transformation parameters between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and the IGS-based reference frame—exclusively derived from GNSS technology—was reduced by over 30%, indicating CME correction enhanced the accuracy of the transformation parameters and refined the IGS-based reference frame.
Research on Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Human Behavior Recognition Method Incorporating Multi-Granularity Features
Authors: Wang Yulin , Song Tao , Yang Yichen , Hong Zheng
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problem that the existing human skeleton behavior recognition methods are insensitive to human local movements and show inaccurate recognition in distinguishing similar behaviors, a multi-scale spatio-temporal graph convolution method incorporating multi-granularity features is proposed for human behavior recognition. Firstly, a skeleton fine-grained partitioning strategy is proposed, which initializes the skeleton data into data streams of different granularities. An adaptive cross-scale feature fusion layer is designed using a normalized Gaussian function to perform feature fusion among different granularities, guiding the model to focus on discriminative feature representations among similar behaviors through fine-grained features. Secondly, a sparse multi-scale adjacency matrix is introduced to solve the bias weighting problem that amplifies the multi-scale spatial domain modeling process under multi-granularity conditions. Finally, an end-to-end graph convolutional neural network is constructed to improve the feature expression ability of spatio-temporal receptive field information and enhance the robustness of recognition between similar behaviors. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm was verified on the public behavior recognition dataset MSR Action 3D, with a accuracy of 95.67%, which is superior to existing behavior recognition methods.
Reducing Avalanche Build-Up Time by Integrating a Single-Photon Avalanche Diode with a BiCMOS Gating Circuit
Authors: Goll Bernhard , Saadi Nejad Mehran , Schneider-Hornstein Kerstin , Zimmermann Horst
Published: November 2024

It is shown that the integration of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) together with a BiCMOS gating circuit on one chip reduces the parasitic capacitance a lot and therefore reduces the avalanche build-up time. The capacitance of two bondpads, which are necessary for the connection of an SPAD chip and a gating chip, are eliminated by the integration. The gating voltage transients of the SPAD are measured using an integrated mini-pad and a picoprobe. Furthermore, the gating voltage transients of a CMOS gating circuit and of the BiCMOS gating circuit are compared for the same integrated SPAD. The extension of the 0.35 μm CMOS process by an NPN transistor process module enabled the BiCMOS gating circuit. The avalanche build-up time of the SPAD is reduced to 1.6 ns due to the integration compared to about 3 ns for a wire-bonded off-chip SPAD using the same n+ and p-well as well as the same 0.35 μm technology.
Effect of Dielectric Layer on Miniaturized Patch Antenna Sensor
Authors: Chen Caifeng , Zou Lei , Bi Chenglong , Wang Andong
Published: November 2024

Miniature patch antenna sensors have great potential in the field of structural health monitoring for crack propagation detection due to their small size and high sensitivity. A primary research focus has been achieving efficient miniaturization, with the performance of the dielectric layer playing a pivotal role. Studies have demonstrated that increasing the relative dielectric constant (εr) of the dielectric layer can reduce antenna size, but higher dielectric losses (tanδ) can lower radiation efficiency. This study identifies the optimal dielectric properties by examining the interplay between εr and tanδ to balance size reduction and radiation efficiency. Additionally, while increasing the dielectric layer’s thickness improves bandwidth and radiation efficiency, a thinner layer is preferred to maintain overall performance without compromising radiation efficiency. Furthermore, the resonant frequency of the smaller-sized patch antenna sensor exhibits greater detection sensitivity to crack propagation. These insights provide useful guidance for selecting effective dielectric layers and assist in the miniaturization design of antenna sensors.
MACNet: A Multidimensional Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Lower-Limb Motor Imagery Classification
Authors: Li Ling-Long , Cao Guang-Zhong , Zhang Yue-Peng , Li Wan-Chen , Cui Fang
Published: November 2024

Decoding lower-limb motor imagery (MI) is highly important in brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) and rehabilitation engineering. However, it is challenging to classify lower-limb MI from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, because lower-limb motions (LLMs) including MI are excessively close to physiological representations in the human brain and generate low-quality EEG signals. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a multidimensional attention-based convolutional neural network (CNN), termed MACNet, which is specifically designed for lower-limb MI classification. MACNet integrates a temporal refining module and an attention-enhanced convolutional module by leveraging the local and global feature representation abilities of CNNs and attention mechanisms. The temporal refining module adaptively investigates critical information from each electrode channel to refine EEG signals along the temporal dimension. The attention-enhanced convolutional module extracts temporal and spatial features while refining the feature maps across the channel and spatial dimensions. Owing to the scarcity of public datasets available for lower-limb MI, a specified lower-limb MI dataset involving four routine LLMs is built, consisting of 10 subjects over 20 sessions. Comparison experiments and ablation studies are conducted on this dataset and a public BCI Competition IV 2a EEG dataset. The experimental results show that MACNet achieves state-of-the-art performance and outperforms alternative models for the subject-specific mode. Visualization analysis reveals the excellent feature learning capabilities of MACNet and the potential relationship between lower-limb MI and brain activity. The effectiveness and generalizability of MACNet are verified.
Estimating Indicators for Assessing Knee Motion Impairment During Gait Using In-Shoe Motion Sensors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ihara Kazuki , Huang Chenhui , Nihey Fumiyuki , Kajitani Hiroshi , Nakahara Kentaro
Published: November 2024

Knee joint function deterioration significantly impacts quality of life. This study developed estimation models for ten knee indicators using data from in-shoe motion sensors to assess knee movement during everyday activities. Sixty-six healthy young participants were involved, and multivariate linear regression was employed to construct the models. The results showed that eight out of ten models achieved a “fair” to “good” agreement based on intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), with three knee joint angle indicators reaching the “fair” agreement. One temporal indicator model displayed a “good” agreement, while another had a “fair” agreement. For the angular jerk cost indicators, three out of four attained a “fair” or “good” agreement. The model accuracy was generally acceptable, with the mean absolute error ranging from 0.54 to 0.75 times the standard deviation of the true values and errors less than 1% from the true mean values. The significant predictors included the sole-to-ground angles, particularly the foot posture angles in the sagittal and frontal planes. These findings support the feasibility of estimating knee function solely from foot motion data, offering potential for daily life monitoring and rehabilitation applications. However, discrepancies in the two models were influenced by the variance in the baseline knee flexion and sensor placement. Future work will test these models on older and osteoarthritis-affected individuals to evaluate their broader applicability, with prospects for user-tailored rehabilitation applications. This study is a step towards simplified, accessible knee health monitoring through wearable technology.
The Use of Renewable Energy Sources and Environmental Degradation in EU Countries
Authors: Sompolska-Rzechuła Agnieszka , Bąk Iwona , Becker Aneta , Marjak Henryk , Perzyńska Joanna
Published: November 2024

Renewable energy sources play a crucial role in sustainable development strategies, addressing environmental protection, energy security, economic growth, and enhancing quality of life. Renewable energy sources are significantly less damaging to the environment compared to traditional energy sources, as they help lower greenhouse gas emissions, decrease air and water pollution, and consequently, limit environmental degradation. The study helped formulate the following research goals: assessment of changes in the use of renewable energy sources and the degree of environmental degradation in the European Union countries, and comparison of the spatial differentiation of the EU countries in terms of the use of renewable energy sources and the degree of environmental degradation, taking into account both indicated criteria. The survey covers the years 2015, 2019, and 2021. The article highlights the important role of analytical methods in the analysis of renewable energy consumption and its impact on the environment. The Self-Organizing Map was used for grouping the European Union countries based on renewable energy sources’ levels and environmental degradation, allowing the identification of patterns and clusters. The results showed that the Scandinavian countries are leading the way in renewable energy sources and low environmental degradation, while the Eastern European countries are struggling, with a low share of renewable energy sources and high degradation.
Harnessing Renewable Energy: Exploring the Dynamic Evolution of Common Prosperity in China
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Xiaoxu , Huang Jing , Su Yang
Published: November 2024

The transition from fossil fuels to clean energy is a pivotal challenge in global climate efforts. China’s strategy emphasizes an orderly phase-out of fossil fuels, advocating for renewable energy as a sustainable alternative. This shift is integral to China’s “common prosperity” agenda, which seeks to harmonize economic growth with social equity and environmental sustainability. However, achieving this balance presents complex challenges, particularly in decoupling economic progress from traditional energy consumption patterns. This study addresses the critical need to evaluate how renewable energy contributes to common prosperity by developing a comprehensive indicator framework. By analyzing the dynamic evolution of prosperity levels across 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2020, the research highlights regional disparities and identifies key areas for policy intervention. The findings underscore the importance of integrating renewable energy initiatives with social policies to enhance living standards and promote equitable economic growth. This paper provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to advance sustainable development and achieve common prosperity in China, offering a foundation for more informed and effective energy and economic policies.
The Effect of Perceived Value on Intention to Purchase Pre-Loved Luxury Fashion Products
Authors: Salah Perihan , Asfahani Ahmed M. , AlRajhi Faisal Hamad
Published: November 2024

This research aims to assess consumer attitudes towards purchasing pre-loved luxury fashion items and explore how these attitudes influence their intention to buy such products. Luxury goods consumption is evolving into a multifaceted proposition where customers actively take on new responsibilities. In addition to being purchasers and users, they occasionally turn into luxury brand product dealers. Luxury fashion, which includes more expensive materials, apparel, and frequently new and limited-edition items, is unquestionably stylish. Luxury brands could draw clients and the attention of many audiences, becoming quite prominent, even though luxury fashion only makes up a small portion of the economy compared to other significant businesses. Using a convenience sampling technique, data were collected from 282 individuals in Cairo. The analysis was conducted through SPSS software v2023. Our findings show that consumers’ concerns about the environment have a big influence on their perceived value (PI) of used luxury fashion items, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of their desire for sustainability. Nonetheless, attitude strength has a moderating effect on this association. It is interesting to note that the relationship between environmental concern and sustainability is weakened under the influence of attitude strength. Furthermore, our findings indicate that modest levels of attitude strength make it easy to change how customers’ environmental concerns affect their previously owned luxury fashion items. High-end stores can also fight off counterfeit marketplaces by providing authentication services to consumers of pre-loved luxury clothing. This study emphasizes the role of consumer attitude as a mediator in shaping purchase intentions for pre-loved luxury fashion. However, its focus on one region and cross-sectional data collection presents limitations. Future studies should explore other markets and use longitudinal data for a deeper understanding. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering insights for consumers, marketers, and sellers promoting pre-loved luxury fashion.
Parent–Child Intergenerational Associations of Environmental Attitudes, Psychological Barriers, and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in Japan and China
Authors: Liu Xun , Kaida Naoko
Published: November 2024

Decision-making within families considerably affects daily pro-environmental practices. While parental influence on children is known, the influence of children on environmental choices within families has yet to be thoroughly investigated, particularly in Asia. There are almost no reports regarding parent–child bidirectional transmissions in terms of environmental attitudes, psychological barriers, and pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) in the Asian context. This study aimed to examine the parent–child bidirectional transmissions of environmental attitudes, psychological barriers, and PEBs in an Asian context, specifically in Japan and China. A total of 815 parent–child pairs (children ages 9–18) were recruited from Japan and China to participate in online questionnaire surveys. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling based on the actor–partner independence model revealed a bidirectional within-family socialization process of environmental attitudes, psychological barriers, and PEBs in the two countries. Children can transfer environmental knowledge and practices to their parents, which has been underestimated in the literature, particularly in Asia. Furthermore, our results suggest that Chinese children have more potential to act as catalysts in their family’s sustainable shift than Japanese children, given their substantial influence on family decision-making. The potential role of children in transmitting pro-environmental choices to their parents is also discussed.
MCDM Approaches for Supplier Selection in Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Authors: Štreimikienė Dalia , Bathaei Ahmad , Streimikis Justas
Published: November 2024

This article examines the significance of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) within the Iranian automotive sector, emphasizing the assessment of suppliers’ sustainability performance in light of increasing global environmental concerns and regulatory demands. This study employs the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method to evaluate five principal suppliers—SAPCO, MEGA Motor, Crouse Company, Sazehgostar, and ITMCO—based on twelve criteria: green initiatives, quality, waste reduction, eco-design, reverse logistics, sustainable investments, financial costs, management commitment, strategic capabilities, customer satisfaction, innovation, and trust. Findings indicate that SAPCO and Sazehgostar demonstrate superior sustainability owing to their strong environmental policies, whereas MEGA Motor, Crouse Company, and ITMCO reveal aspects requiring enhancement. The results underscore the imperative of incorporating SSCM principles to improve supply chain efficiency and sustainability. Despite the apparent high costs of SSCM implementation, research indicates that the advantages include enhanced productivity and regulatory compliance. The research additionally advocates for more investigation into SSCM-related variables and the influence of upcoming technologies. Adopting SSCM enables automotive firms to comply with regulatory mandates and satisfy consumer demands, promoting a more sustainable and competitive sector.
Extraction, Chemical Modification, and Assessment of Antioxidant Potential of Pectin from Pakistani Punica granatum Peels
Authors: Sabir Asma , Ali Shahid Chatha Shahzad , Mustafa Kamal Ghulam , Bibi Shabana , Sohail Noman , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Albekairi Norah A. , Chopra Hitesh
Published: November 2024

The conversion of agro-industrial waste into value-added products has attracted the attention of the scientific community. Pectin is an extensively used by-product of agricultural waste and has many applications. The present research used pomegranate peel for the extraction of pectin and explored its antioxidant properties. Pectin from Punica granatum peel was extracted with the help of a feasible, low-cost, and ecofriendly acidified extraction method using ethanol as an extraction solvent. The yield of the pectin with ethanol was found to be 19.1%. The extracted pectin was chemically modified using the amidation method. The structural characterization of the extracted and modified pectin was carried out using the SEM (for morphology), FTIR (for chemical bond and functional groups), EDX (for an elemental analysis), and XRD (for crystallinity) techniques. After confirming the modification of pectin, both the native and modified pectin were assessed for their antioxidant potential. The antioxidant properties of natively extracted pectin and modified pectin were evaluated against different types of free radicals with the help of a hydroxyl radical antioxidant assay, a DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and a phosphomolybdenum assay. All the performed antioxidant assays revealed that the antioxidant activity of pectin was increased after modification through amidation. The findings could be very useful in obtaining pectin from the peel waste of Punica granatum and obtaining pectin with more bioactive potential via its chemical modification through an optimized method. This is also a step forward in achieving the goal of a sustainable environment. This study contributes to sustainable development by making use of the wasted peels of pomegranate and extracting bioactive pectin at the same time.
A Concise Overview of Studies on Successful Real-World Applications of Bacteriophages in Aquaculture
Authors: Jun Jin Woo
Published: November 2024

Increasing antibiotic resistance poses an urgent global public health threat and a serious concern worldwide. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been identified as a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial diseases in both humans and animals. The excessive use of antibiotics in aquaculture is a major threat to sustainable aquaculture, promoting the spread of antibiotic resistance in the aquaculture environment and the contamination of aquaculture products with antibiotic residues. Consequently, interest in alternative approaches that reduce reliance on antibiotics has grown within the aquaculture sector. As a promising alternative, extensive phage research targeted at aquaculture has demonstrated the protective efficacy of phages against diseases in aquatic animals. Although numerous studies have employed in vitro models, research supported by in vivo experiments remains scarce. Without in vivo evidence, phage therapy cannot fulfill the requirements of aquaculturists. The first part of this review outlines the bacterial diseases severely affecting the health and survival of aquatic animals. The second part provides updates on phage applications for the therapy and prophylaxis of pathogenic bacterial infection in aquatic animals, including administration routes and key accomplishments. Therefore, this review provides insights into effective real-world phage biocontrol strategies that enable sustainable aquaculture.
Merging Knowledge for Water Supply with Alternative Energies for Stilt House Communities of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
Authors: Ricaurte Villota Constanza , Arbeláez Salazar Julián , Carreño Rangel Dayana , Ponguta Manjarres Edilberto
Published: November 2024

The stilt house communities within Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), Nueva Venecia and Buenavista, have historically lacked access to water under safe conditions. To address this need, a pilot study was implemented, employing two methods to obtain drinking water through non-conventional and sustainable energies: solar distillation and a conventional treatment plant supplied by solar energy. This study involved the local communities and their traditional knowledge at all stages: planning, design, implementation, operation, maintenance, and monitoring. The solar distillers produced a total 9652 L of water, with average yields of 2.8 L m2 day−1 and 1.2 L m2 day−1 in the villages of Nueva Venecia and Buenavista, respectively. Likewise, the treatment plants reached a total water production of 790,000 L. Both methods produced water following the quality standards for human consumption. This demonstrates the applicability of both methods in using alternative energy to obtain drinking water while considering the environmental and social conditions of the study area, thereby strengthening community self-management to improve access to water.
Employment and deployment of additional staff roles in general practice: a realist evaluation of what works for whom, how, and why
Authors: McDermott Imelda , Spooner Sharon , Checkland Kath
Published: November 2024

Background

The Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) was introduced in England in 2019 to alleviate workforce pressures in general practice by funding additional staff such as clinical pharmacists, paramedics, first-contact physiotherapists, and from 1 October 2024 the scheme funds recently qualified GPs. However, the employment and deployment models of ARRS staff present ongoing complexities and challenges that require further exploration.

Aim

To explore the decision-making processes behind primary care networks (PCNs) and general practice staffing choices, and how these choices influence the operationalisation of ARRS.

Design and setting

This was a qualitative case study across four PCNs in England using a realist evaluation framework.

Method

Data collection took place between September 2022 and November 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with PCN clinical directors, GPs, practice managers, and ARRS staff (n= 42). Transcripts were analysed using a realist evaluation framework to identify the context–mechanism–outcome configurations.

Results

Direct employment models fostered staff development and retention, contingent on established trust among practices. Subcontracting was favoured to mitigate employment risks but could lead to unintended consequences such as conflicting accountabilities and less integration with existing GP practice staff. The optimal deployment model involved rotations across a limited number of GP practices, ideally two, with one serving as a base, ensuring consistency in training and management.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the complexities of different employment and deployment models of ARRS staff. These findings will be invaluable for creating a sustainable GP practice workforce and informing future workforce strategies as the scheme expands to include recently qualified GPs.
Pengembangan Konten Kreatif Media Sosial dalam Peningkatan Marketing Lembah Gunung Sari (LGS) di Desa Kucur, Kecamatan Dau, Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Prasetyo Hendro , Handono Setiyo Yuli , Trianawati Anis
Published: November 2024

Wisata Lembah Gunung Sari (LGS) Desa Kucur, Dau, Kabupaten Malang memiliki masalah dalam promosi wisata seacara digital. Sumber daya manusia (SDM) untuk melakukan digital marketing atau menjadi content creator di media sosial masih terbatas, terbukti minimnya penggunaan media sosial dalam digital marketing. Pengabdian masyarakat telah dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi potensi SDM atau pengelola LGS dalam mengembangkan jumlah wisatawan atau tamu, (2) memberikan pelatihan creative content di Media sosial dalam Peningkatan Marketing. Pengabdian Masyarakat akan dilaksanakan di LGS Desa Kucur Kabupaten Malang, dengan metode pelaksanaan FGD (Focus Group Discussion) dan pelatihan. Luaran pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah (1) pengelola LGS akan lebih meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas marketing atau jumlah wisatawan sehingga mampu meningkatkan pendapatan, (2) Diseminasi ilmu pengetahuan dan ketrampilan melalui video di YouTube, dan seminar nasional serta penulisan artikel dalam jurnal pengabdian masyarakat.
INOVASI DALAM ENERGI TERBARUKAN: JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN UNTUK MERAMALKAN DAYA FOTOVOLTAIK
Authors: Tri Kuncoro Bagus
Published: November 2024

Variations in meteorological conditions cause intermittency, voltage spikes, and feedback power flow, impacting the uncertainty of photovoltaic output, which affects the reliability, stability, and scheduling of photovoltaic operations. Optimal prediction of photovoltaic output power is necessary in the planning and operation of power systems. Photovoltaic technology is utilized to generate electrical energy from direct sunlight. Climatic factors such as cloud cover, humidity, and wind speed also contribute to the electrical energy produced by solar modules. This research discusses a model for predicting photovoltaic output power for the next day using the backpropagation neural network method and multi-factor analysis. In this study, there are 2 different input neurons with 10 predetermined network architectures, a learning rate of 0.1, and a minimum target error of 0.001. The best performance prediction results with the smallest Mean Squared Error (MSE) value were obtained using a backpropagation neural network structure from the 5-20-1 model, which is almost close to the actual value. However, further research is needed to improve the prediction results.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Zinc Borate Production from Zinc Oxide and Boric Acid
Authors: Dinçer Fil Selin , Alp Fatma Burcu , Gönen Mehmet
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of zinc borate, 2ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O, was investigated via reaction of solid zinc oxide with boric acid aqueous phase in the existence on seed crystals. Commercially important type of zinc borate was synthesized using the 4.7 M boric acid concentration and B2O3 to ZnO molar ratio of 2 at 90°C, at 900 rpm and for 4 hours reaction time in a stainless-steel reactor. The amount of seed crystals was 1.5% of the boric acid initially used. At the end of each experiment, X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument as well as Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument were carried out for identifying final products. A continuous process was developed with SuperPro Designer software. The design was derived from experimental and literature data. A techno-economic analysis of the zinc borate synthesis process was carried out for different annual plant capacities (6,000-12,000t). Unit prices of raw materials and final product were obtained from the literature and the market as USD600/ton boric acid, USD2,200/ton zinc oxide and USD4,500/ton zinc borate. The fixed investment cost of the zinc borate production plant with capacity of 10,000 ton/year was found to be USD22,780,000 and the operating cost was found to be USD26,273,000/yr. The payback time was determined as 1.93 years from the economic analysis of the process.
The Impact of the Global Expansion of Racism and Xenophobia on Social Inequality in the United States and Abroad
Authors: Kaplan Mitchell Alan , M. Inguanzo Marian
Published: November 2024

Racism in the United States has been a major social problem for generations. Our nation’s history is filled with numerous examples of multigenerational discriminatory laws and public policies that have sought to deny civil liberties to individuals of color. Institutionalized inequalities in the areas of education, employment, housing, and access to healthcareservices supported by conservative lawmakers representing the broader White constituency are the catalyst that launched early social justice movements to bring about change that would create a more inclusive social order where everyone’s fundamental rights are protected. Although some research over the past five decades has shown broad indications that legislative changes like the ones brought about by the civil rights legislation of the 1960s have enabled some disenfranchised minority populations such as Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian Americans to receive civil liberties protection under the law, the underlying attitudes and beliefs that support discrimination against individuals based on race have not kept pace with this progress. National statistics from surveys by federal agencies provide substantial evidence that despite the enactment of new laws designed to make social, political, and economic systems more responsive to the rights of racial and ethnic minority groups. The adverse effects of institutionalized racism continue to expand globally. This chapter will critically analyze the historical, socioeconomic, and political factors contributing to the rise of institutionalized racism in our culture. It will examine how implementing anti-discrimination laws, policies, and practices can create a more welcoming social order by transforming biased perceptions about race.
Color of Flavor of Leptons
Authors: Ren ShaoXu
Published: November 2024

This paper suggests the possible existence of lepton colorlR, lG, lB, lRGB for charged leptons and neutral leptons as quarks possessqR, qG, qB, qRGB. Further lepton number conservation could be explained by lepton color scalar products. More details are given to search for the relationship between the broken lepton number and PMNS. And a speculation between broken lepton number and dark matter-energy
Implementasi Creativepreneurship Berbasis Multidisiplin dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Sosial
Authors: Ulita Novena , Daeli Ora Plane Maria , Khan Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Creativepreneurship telah berkembang menjadi pendekatan strategis dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial melalui pengembangan inovasi produk dan jasa berbasis kreativitas. Namun, penerapan konsep ini masih membutuhkan pendekatan multidisiplin untuk lebih efektif dalam pengabdian masyarakat, terutama dalam konteks pemberdayaan komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana creativepreneurship berbasis multidisiplin dapat diterapkan dalam program pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan sosial. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis data berbasis SmartPLS, yang memungkinkan analisis terhadap hubungan antar variabel dalam model yang telah dirancang. Data dikumpulkan dari 100 responden, yang terdiri dari pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah serta masyarakat di wilayah yang menjadi fokus pengabdian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan multidisiplin secara signifikan meningkatkan efektivitas program creativepreneurship dalam memberikan dampak positif pada kesejahteraan sosial, dengan hasil t-statistik yang signifikan pada hubungan antar variabel utama. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kolaborasi lintas disiplin dalam pengabdian masyarakat tidak hanya meningkatkan kemampuan wirausaha kreatif, tetapi juga memperkuat kontribusi terhadap pembangunan sosial. Kesimpulannya, penerapan creativepreneurship berbasis multidisiplin melalui program pengabdian masyarakat memiliki potensi besar dalam mendukung kesejahteraan sosial secara holistik, dan penelitian lebih lanjut disarankan untuk memperdalam aspek-aspek praktis dalam konteks yang lebih luas.
Building Efficient IoT Systems with Edge Computing Integration
Authors: Hidayati Dini , Andriyansah Andriyansah , Cesna Galih Putra , Fauzi Ahmad Yadi , Apriliasari Dwi , Rahardja Untung
Published: November 2024

The exponential growth of the Web of Things (IoT) is transforming businesses, connecting billions of devices that generate massive amounts of data. However, preparing this data at scale in real time poses significant challenges, including inactivity, transmission capacity constraints, and data blocking in centralized cloud systems. Edge computing has become an urgent solution. It allows data preparation to occur closer to the source, thereby improving operational productivity, reducing idle time, and optimizing transmission capacity. This shift toward local availability reduces the burden on centralized cloud systems, making IoT systems more responsive and robust. This article examines the integration of edge computing with IoT. It highlights the fundamental advances that have made this connection possible. Key applications, such as real-time analytics, vision support, and edge AI, describe how edge computing improves data processing and enhances independent decision-making at the device level. Additionally, we discuss how advances in hardware, orchestration techniques, and machine learning drive the development of edge-enabled IoT environments. By analyzing these current uses, we identify emerging trends that will shape future IoT systems, making them more adaptive, efficient, and resilient to changing data demands. This survey highlights the potential of edge computing to power next-generation IoT systems, providing important insights for businesses looking to support complete control of the devices involved.
Проблемные вопросы разработки и внедрения Цифрового кодекса Российской Федерации
Authors: В.К. Сарьян , П.И. Антонович
Published: November 2024

Проведен обзор и анализ причин, обусловливающих разработку Цифрового кодекса Российской Федерации, предложен один из механизмов формирования нормативной правовой и технической базы для упорядочения отношений между участниками процессов информационного цифрового взаимодействия.

The review and analysis of the reasons for the development of the Digital code of the Russian Federation is carried out, one of the mechanisms for the formation of a regulatory legal and technical framework for streamlining relations between participants in the processes of information digital interaction is proposed.
Designing an information system for computer hardware diagnostics
Authors:   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia, Веревкин А. И. , Лысенкова С. А. ,   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia
Published: November 2024

The article examines the projected PC sales dynamics for the period 2022–2030, which allows
estimating the potential market size. We conducted a survey among experts in computer hardware maintenance and analyzed the results using the Python programming language. The team analyzed the survey results and constructed an illustrative model of an information system for diagnosing computer hardware, which they will use during program development.
Comparative analysis of vector distance metrics for raster images
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Детков А. А. , Воронина В. А. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Гарифуллина Ю. В. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Корепанов А. М. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Вишнякова А. Ю. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: November 2024

The article describes metrics and algorithms that allow evaluating the difference or similarity of the objects under study: Hamming distance, Levenshtein distance, Jaro-Winkler similarity, Dice-Sørensen coeffi cient, SIFT, Perceptual Hash algorithm. To identify an algorithm that is optimally suitable for evaluating the uniqueness of logos by comparing them with each other, we implemented metrics and algorithms as programs in the Python programming language. Then, we tested their speed and quality of work. The fastest working algorithm for comparing logos is based on the calculation of a perceptual hash sum, followed by the calculation of the Hamming distance. The most accurate results of comparing logos were obtained during the operation of the program based on the calculation of the Hamming distance. We chose a software-implemented algorithm based on Hamming distance calculation as the optimal algorithm that combines high speed of operation and the quality of the obtained results.
Solid Waste Management in Port-Harcourt Municipality
Authors: Macpepple Eunice D. , Okereke Chidi D , Egwuonwu Celestine C , Tom Cyprian N.
Published: November 2024

The current solid waste management
practices in Port-Harcourt municipality was
reviewed in association with the waste generators
perception and involvement. This research was as a
result of the absence of notable improvement in
solid waste management over a period of 20 years.
Waste generators, being the residents living in
Port-Harcourt are often thought to be undisciplined,
unsupportive and unresponsive to the government’s
and waste agencies’ efforts to achieve optimal solid
waste management. Thus, a cross sectional survey
was conducted to find out if this was actually so. A
total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed
randomly at 14 different sample locations in PortHarcourt municipality and 983 were successfully
retrieved. Questionnaire validation was conducted
through expert’s assessment, pilot test and
Cronbach’s Alpha analysis (CA). CA analysis
using SPSS for 85% of the questions raised in the
pilot study was 0.89, which indicated a good
internal consistency in the responses. Results
indicated that 43% of the residents were actually
satisfied concerning the waste services rendered to
them, 62% were actively involved in assisting the
government manage solid waste, and 55% of the
residents were fully aware of the benefits of good
solid waste management in their municipality. This
clearly establishes the willingness of the residents
in the municipality to work hand-in-hand with the
government in curbing the menace of poor solid
waste management. The onus therefore lies with
the government and waste agencies to gun for
inclusivity if a positive deviation from the status
quo is desired.
آية الحيض: دراسة تفسيرية مقارنة
Authors: الحاكم حاكم قاسم يحيى
Published: November 2024

يهدف البحث إلى إبراز أحكام آية الحيض، ودراستها دراسة تفسيرية مقارنة. والوصول إلى أرجح الأقوال في المسألة بعد عرضها ومناقشتها. والوقوف على أهم أسس الترجيح في الأقوال المطروحة في مسائل الحيض. وتم تقسيمه إلى مقدمة، وثلاثة مباحث، وخاتمة، المبحث الأول: المراد بالمحيض في الآية. المبحث الثاني: حكم الاستمتاع بالحائض. المبحث الثالث: حكم وطء الحائض بعد الطهر وقبل الاغتسال. واستعمل المنهج المتبع في البحث هو (المنهج الاستقرائي المقارن ) للمسائل المذكورة. وتوصل إلى أن المراد بالمحيض في الآية هو موضع الدم (الفرج)، وأن للرجل أن يستمتع من زوجته الحائض بكل شيء عدا الفرج. وحرمة وطء الحائض إذا انقطع دمها حتى تغتسل.
تفسير القرآن الكريم باللغة العربية، مفهومه وضوابطه، ونماذج منه
Authors: فرحان محمد بن علي بن منصور
Published: November 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم التفسير باللغة العربية، وأهمية التفسير باللغة، كما تهدف إلى بيان العلاقة بين القرآن الكريم واللغة العربية، وبيان العلاقة بين القرآن الكريم والأحرف السبعة، ومعرفة ضوابط التفسير باللغة العربية، مع نماذج من أهم القضايا التي حسمتها اللغة العربية في التفسير، وتم تقسيم البحث إلى مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة مباحث، ناقش التمهيد علاقة القرآن الكريم باللغة العربيةـ ونزول القرآن على سبعة أحرف. وجاء المبحث الأول ليناقش مفهوم تفسير القرآن الكريم باللغة العربية وأهميته. وناقش المبحث الثاني: ضوابط تفسير القرآن باللغة العربية وأبرز تفاسير القرآن باللغة العربية. أما المبحث الثالث فقد قدم نماذج من تفسير القرآن الكريم باللغة العربية. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى: أن التفسير عامة محاولة لفهم مراد الله تعالى بوسع الطاقة البشرية، وأن العلاقة بين القرآن الكريم واللغة العربية علاقة وثيقة ومرتبطة بنزوله وإعجازه؛ لأن معجزة القرآن كانت في فصاحته وبلاغته، وأن التفسير لا بد أن يكون مرتبطا باللغة العربية لبيان المقاصد والغايات التي من أجلها نزل القرآن الكريم، إذا كان اللفظ المراد تفسيره لا يحتمل إلا معنى واحدا فهو من قبيل التفسير بالمأثور، وإن احتمل اللفظ أكثر من معنى فهو من باب التفسير بالرأي.
رسالة في المتولد وأحكامه لإبراهيم بن محمد شهاب الدين بن خالد البرماوي (ت- 1106هـ): دراسة وتحقيق
Authors: اللهيبي هويدا بنت بخيت حميد
Published: November 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تحقيق مخطوط بعنوان: رسالة في المتولد وأحكامه، لإبراهيم محمد بن شهاب الدين بن خالد البرماوي (المتوفى: 1106هـ)، وإخراجه كما أراده مؤلفه، وهو مخطوط في الفقه الشافعي من أنفس الرسائل الفقهية الموجودة في خزائن المخطوطات في العالم الإسلامي، كونه يحتوي على أحكام مسائل غريبة ونادرة في الفقه، وقد طعّم المؤلف رسالته بآراء كبار فقهاء الشافعية الأفذاذ الذي زاد الرسالة قوة ورصانة، وقد اتبعت فيه مجموعة من المناهج، أولهما: المنهج التّاريخي، ويظهر ذلك في ضبط ترجمة تاريخيّة للمؤلف، ثم المنهج الوصفي، ويظهر ذلك في وصف النّسخة الخطيّة للكتاب وموضوعاته ومحتوياته، ثم منهج تحقيق النّصوص، واستخدمته في إخراج النسخة كما أرادها المؤلف، أو على أقرب صورة لها، وقد جاء البحث في مقدمة، وقسمين، وخاتمة، القسم الأول: قسم الدراسة، والقسم الثاني: قسم التحقيق. وتوصل البحث إلى جملة من النتائج من أبرزها: أن نسبة المخطوط لمؤلفه صحيحة لا ريب في ذلك ويدل على ذلك: ذكر اسمه في غلاف المخطوط، وقد تنوعت مصادر المخطوط، فقد استفاد المؤلف من جملة من مصادر الفقه الشافعي أبرزها نهاية المحتاج إلى شرح المنهاج للشيخ الرملي، وحاشية قليوبي وغيرها.
Compact, low-loss, and broadband 2 × 2 Si optical coupler designed by covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy
Authors: Miyatake Yuto , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru
Published: November 2024

We experimentally demonstrate compact, low-loss, and broadband 2 × 2 Si optical couplers on a Si photonic platform designed using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The measured minimum insertion losses (ILs) in the C-band were 0.071 dB, 0.016 dB, 0.016 dB, and 45%–55% optical bandwidth were 140 nm, 136 nm, and 139 nm for device lengths of 7.56 μm, 9.64 μm, and 12.32 μm, respectively. The ILs are smaller than ever reported in 2 × 2 optical couplers shorter than 10 μm, and the optical bandwidths are much larger than a conventional directional coupler. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed CMA-ES-based design method, extending the scope of application of our design method to the design of passive devices on Si photonics platform.