bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Old-growth Broad-Leaved Forest in the Center of Moscow City: Structure and Dynamics over 20 Years of Observations
Authors: Маслов А.А.
Published: July 2024

В центральной части Москвы в окружении антропогенно нарушенных лесных насаждений на склоне к Москве-реке выявлен и охарактеризован участок полидоминантного широколист­венного леса с типичным для природных сообществ составом и структурой. Прослежена динамика древесного яруса за 20 лет наблюдений (с 1998 по 2018 г.). Показано, что в условиях рекреации и непосредственной близости к автомагистрали не только состав и структура, но и динамика насаждения соответствуют природным сообществам зоны широколиственных лесов. Рекомендуется обозначить данный участок леса в составе заказника «Воробьёвы горы» как ценный природный комплекс с использованием в образовательных целях. Для сохранения естественного природного сообщества не следует вводить в насаждение интродуценты и проводить рубку подроста.

Natural old-growth Querco-Fageteabroad-leaved forest with typical flora and canopy structure was discovered and characterized in the central part of the Moscow City on the slope of the Moscow River. The stand includes old-age oaks (Quercus robur) and large trees of Norway maple (Acer platanoides), linden (Tilia cordata) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The field layer is dominated by typical species of nemoral flora: Aegopodium podagraria, Carex pilosa and Ranunculus cassubicuswith presence of some rare species from the “Red Book of Moscow”. The stand dynamics was studied on permanent sample plot over 20 years from 1998 to 2018. It is shown that under conditions of recreation and close proximity to the highway not only the composition and structure, but also the stand dynamics correspond to those in natural communities of the broad-leaved forest zone. Oak, in the absence of regeneration, remains one of the dominant tree species, and no evidence of old oak trees dieback was recorded. The basal area, calculated as cross-sectional area of trees at breast height, for 20 years has increased in all broad-leaved species. Thus, there are no signs of stand decline that is typical for many other oak stands in the Moscow region. The ratio of tree species has changed in favor of maple. It was recommended to designate this forest area within the “Vorobyovy Gory” Reserve as a valuable natural complex, not to plant introduced species, stop cutting down the young growth, and to use area for educational purposes.
The Floristic Composition of the Living Soil Cover on Burnt Areas in the Belt Pine Forests of West Siberia
Authors: Малиновских А.А.
Published: July 2024

Изучен флористический состав живого напочвенного покрова на гарях в ленточных борах Западной Сибири. Дана оценка встречаемости видов живого напочвенного покрова. Выполнен анализ флоры по экологическим группам, отражающим влажность экотопов. Установлено, что увлажнение почвы на гарях является лимитирующим экологическим фактором формирования состава и структуры живого напочвенного покрова на гарях в ленточных борах. Виды-ксерофиты, составляя почти половину флоры гари в сухой степи (48,7 %), заметно уменьшают свое присутствие на гарях в засушливой степи (22,2 %) и южной лесостепи (11,9 %). Соотношение групп мезоксерофитов и мезофитов во флоре гарей также изменяется согласно зональному расположению. Наличие групп мезогигрофитов и гигрофитов подчеркивает неоднородность лесорастительных условий на гарях, существование экотопов с разной влажностью почвы.

The floristic composition of the living ground cover on burning forests in the belt pine forests of Western Siberia was studied. The assessment of the occurrence of ground cover species is given. The analysis of flora by ecological groups reflecting the humidity of ecotopes is carried out. It has been found that soil moisture of burnt forest areas is a limiting environmental factor in the formation of the composition and structure of the living soil cover on the burnt areas in the belt pine forests. Soil moisture deficit in the root layer leads to increased percentage of xerophytes in the flora of burnt areas: 11.9 % in the southern forest-steppe, 22.2 % in the arid steppe, and 48.7 % in the dry steppe. The ratio of the groups of mesoxerophytes and mesophytes in the flora of burnt areas also changes according to the zonal setting. The groups of mesohygrophytes and hygrophytes “emphasize” the heterogeneity of the forest growth conditions on burnt areas and the presence of ecotopes with different soil moisture. The carried out analysis of the floristic composition of the living soil cover of burnt areas in the belt pine forests of West Siberia made it possible to reveal that the post-fire forest regeneration is not completed. To restore the living soil cover, a tree layer to create the microclimatic conditions characteristic of a forest is needed.
Social Significance of Forest Food Resources (on the Example of a Survey of Rural Residents in the Primorsky Territory)
Authors: Костырина Т.В. , Приходько О.Ю.
Published: July 2024

В статье приводятся результаты опроса жителей центральной части Приморья по вопросам сбора и заготовки дикоросов. Опрошенные отметили, что занимаются сбором и заготовкой пищевых лесных ресурсов и лекарственных трав для собственных нужд и продажи на рынках с целью улучшения финансового положения своей семьи. Почти все респонденты пришли к мнению о необходимости организации приемных пунктов и заготовительно-перерабатывающих предприятий, что позволит значительно увеличить объемы сбора дикорастущей пищевой продукции. Создание заготовительных пунктов будет способствовать появлению новых рабочих мест, что очень важно при нарастающей безработице в сельской местности.

The article presents the results of a survey of residents of the central part of Primorye on the collection and preparation of wild plants. The respondents noted that they are engaged in the collection and procurement of food forest resources and medicinal herbs for their own needs and sale in the markets in order to improve the financial situation of their families. Almost all respondents agreed on the need to organize reception centers and procurement and processing enterprises, which will significantly increase the collection of wild food products. The creation of procurement centers will contribute to the creation of new jobs, which is very important with the growing unemployment in rural areas.
Organogenesis of Kamchatka Bilberry ( Lamb.) in Clonal Micropropagation
Authors: Чудецкий А.И. , Родин С.А. , Феклистов П.А. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Зарубина Л.В.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по культивированию красники (Vaccinium praestans Lamb.) форм Сахалинская и Курильская in vitro на этапах «собственно микроразмножение» и «укоренение микропобегов» с использованием питательной среды WPM с различным содержанием микро- и макросолей. В качестве росторегулирующих веществ использовали цитокинин 6-БАП в концентрациях 0,5-1,0 мг/л, ауксины ИМК и ИУК в концентрациях 1,0 и 2,0 мг/л; в качестве биостимуляторов - растворы препаратов Циркон в концентрации 0,5 мл/л и HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л. Количество микропобегов и корней растений-регенерантов красники на питательной среде WPM 1/2 было значительно выше, чем на средах WPM и WPM 1/4. На этапе «собственно микроразмножение» максимальная суммарная длина микропобегов (4,5-5,0 см) красники наблюдалась на питательной среде WPM 1/2, содержащей 6-БАП в концентрации 0,5 мг/л и препарат HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л. На этапе «укоренение микропобегов» максимальная суммарная длина корней (7,7-9,1 см) красники отмечена на питательной среде WPM 1/2 при добавлении ИМК в концентрации 2,0 мг/л и препарата HB-101 в концентрации 0,1 мл/л.

The results of studies on the cultivation of the Kamchatka bilberry (Vaccinium praestans Lamb.) of Sakhalin and Kuril forms in vitro at the stages of “proper micropropagation” and “rooting of microshoots” using a WPM nutrient medium with various content of micro and macro salts. 6-BAP cytokinin at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mg/l, IBA and IAA auxins at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l are used as growth-regulating substances; solutions of Zircon preparations at a concentration of 0.5 ml/l and HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l are used as biostimulants. The number of microshoots and roots of regenerated Kamchatka bilberry plants on the WPM 1/2 nutrient medium are significantly higher than in the variants with WPM and WPM 1/4. The maximum total length of microshoots (4.5-5.0 cm) of Kamchatka Bilberry is observed in the WPM 1/2 nutrient medium with 6-BAP at a concentrationof 0.5 mg/l and the addition of HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l at the stage of “prorer micropropagation”. The maximum total length of roots (7.7-9.1 cm) of Kamchatka bilberryis observed on the WPM 1/2 nutrient medium with IBA at a concentration of 2.0 mg/l and the addition of HB-101 at a concentration of 0.1 ml/l at the stage of “rooting of microshoots”.
Forest Crops of Pedigious Oak Created by the Methods of B.I. Guzovsky in the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Петров В.А. , Галиуллин И.Р.
Published: July 2024

Обобщены многолетние исследования по формированию, сохранности и динамике таксационных показателей лесных культур дуба, созданных по методам Б.И. Гузовского на вырубках посевом желудей и посадкой сеянцев в типе леса дубрава страусниковая, типе условий местопроизрастания дубрава свежая в Чувашской Республике. Установлено, что на сохранность лесных культур дуба, независимо от методов закладки, в значительной степени повлияли зимние морозы 1978/79 г. Особенно сильно пострадали чистые лесные культуры дуба, в которых сопутствующие породы периодически удаляли во время проведения рубок ухода. Возобновление сопутствующими породами произошло лишь в период проходных и санитарных рубок, по мере изреживания древостоев. Независимо от методов закладки лесных культур дуба в результате рубок ухода и санитарных рубок к возрасту спелости на большинстве участков сформировались двухъярусные древостои: в первом ярусе - дуб, во втором - сопутствующие породы (липа, клён, ильм и вяз). Запас сопутствующих пород во втором ярусе с возрастом постоянно увеличивался. При этом на большинстве участков культуры дуба оказались сильно изрежены санитарными рубками и имели низкий запас. На основе исследований установлено, что лесные культуры дуба, созданные разными методами и сформированные под влиянием рубок ухода и санитарных рубок, по высоте соответствовали семенным дубовым насаждениям Чувашской Республики I класса бонитета, однако уступали им по диаметру.

The article presents long-term studies on the formation, preservation and change of biometric indicators of oak forest plantations, created according to the methods of B.I. Guzovsky on clearings by sowing acorns and planting seedlings in the forest type ostrich oak grove, the type of habitat conditions fresh oak grove in the Chuvash Republic. The preservation of oak forest plantations, regardless of the laying methods, was largely affected by the winter frosts of 1978/79. The forest crops of pure oak were especially hard hit, in which the accompanying species were periodically cut down during thinning. The resumption of accompanying species occurred only during the period of passing and sanitary cuttings, as forest stands thinned out. Regardless of the methods of laying oak forest plantations and the thinning and sanitary cuttings carried out, by the age of maturity, forest stands in most plots were formed in two tiers: oak in the first tier, accompanying species of linden, maple, elm and elm in the second. The stock of accompanying rocks in the second tier constantly increased with age. At the same time, in most plots, oak cultures turned out to be very sparse sanitary cuttings and had a low stock. Oak forest plantations, created by different laying methods and formed under the influence of thinning and sanitary felling, corresponded in height to the seed oak plantations of the Chuvash Republic of I class of bonitet, while they were inferior in diameter. Oak forest cultures, created by different methods of laying, did not differ in height and diameter.
Establishment and Current Status of the Regulatory Framework for the Allocation of OZU Forests: and Suggestions for its Improvement
Authors: Шалимова Е.М. , Брунова З.С. , Кинигопуло П.С. , Попик С.А. , Сильнягина Г.В. , Золина Т.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье изложена история становления и развития нормативно-правовой базы выделения особо защитных участков лесов в Российской Федерации с конца 1970-х гг. по настоящее время. Проанализированы ранее принятые документы, определяющие перечень видов ОЗУ, принципы их выделения, правовой режим, и современное действующее законодательство в этой области. На основании анализа, а также по результатам проведенного в 2008-2020 гг. исследования существующей практики выделения ОЗУ на землях лесного фонда Российской Федерации авторы подготовили ряд предложений для внесения в действующие документы с целью усовершенствования существующей нормативно-правовой базы ОЗУ лесов и преодоления проблем, связанных с их выделением и установлением правового режима. Сформулированные в статье предложения должны привести к вовлечению значительных площадей лесов в процесс их использования в соответствии с целевым назначением и предусмотренными ограничениями по ведению хозяйства. Приведены оценки площади ОЗУ и их распределения по целевому назначению лесов и субъектам РФ.

The article describes in detail the history of the formation and development of the regulatory framework for the allocation of specially protected areas of forests in the Russian Federation since the late 1970s to the present. The previously adopted documents defining the list of types of RAM, the process of their allocation, the legal regime, and current legislation in this area are analyzed. Based on the analysis carried out, as well as on the results of a study conducted in 2008-2020 of the existing practice of allocating RAM forests on the lands of the forest fund of the Russian Federation, the authors have prepared a number of proposals for inclusion in existing documents in order to improve the existing regulatory framework of RAM forests and overcome the problems associated with their allocation and the establishment of a legal regime. The proposals outlined in the article should lead to the involvement of significant areas of forests in the process of their use in accordance with the intended purpose and the stipulated restrictions on farming.
Organizational and Economic Assessment of the method of Clonal Micropropagation of Forest Berry Plants of the Genus Vaccinium
Authors: Макаров С.С. , Чудецкий А.И. , Кузнецова И.Б. , Куликова Е.И. , Кульчицкий А.Н. , Сурина Е.А.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты расчетов экономической эффективности клонального микроразмножения лесных ягодных растений рода Vaccinium на примере выращивания в культуре in vitro клюквы болотной, брусники обыкновенной, голубики узколистной. В условиях повышения потребительского спроса на ягодную продукцию организация выращивания лесных ягодников путем создания промышленных плантаций имеет большое практическое значение для сохранения пищевых и лекарственных ресурсов леса и активизации их контролируемой заготовки в России. Традиционные методы вегетативного размножения лесных ягодных растений не обеспечивают стабильность результатов и являются трудозатратными при создании ягодных плантаций, поэтому необходимо использовать экономически эффективные и экологически безопасные технологии выращивания. Представлены данные по составу и структуре производственных затрат и себестоимости выращивания посадочного материала лесных ягодных растений рода Vaccinium в условиях культуры in vitro и в производственных условиях (в пересчете на 1 га плантационной площади). Показана экономическая эффективность производства (рентабельность - 187,7-475,4 %) с использованием метода клонального микроразмножения при получении посадочного материала лесных ягодных растений рода Vaccinium для промышленного выращивания.

The results of calculations of the economic efficiency of clonal micropropagation of forest berry plants of the genus Vaccinium are presented on the example of cultivation of European cranberry, lingonberry and narrow-leaved blueberry in in vitro. The organization of growing forest berries through the creation of industrial plantations is of great practical and relevant importance for the conservation of non-timber forest resources and the activation of their controlled harvesting in Russia in the context of increasing consumer demand for berry products. Traditional methods of vegetative reproduction of forest berry plants don’t provide stable results and are labor-intensive when creating berry plantations, and therefore this is necessary to use optimal cost-effective and environmentally friendly growing technologies. The data on the composition and structure of production costs and the cost of growing planting material of forest berry plants of the genus Vaccinium in in vitro culture and under production conditions (in terms of 1 ha of plantation area) are presented. The economic efficiency of production (profitability - 187.7-475.4 %) using the method of clonal micropropagation in obtaining planting material of forest berry plants of the genus Vaccinium for industrial cultivation at enterprises is shown.
Bioindicators of the Stages of Destruction of Wind-Blown Windbreak Wood of European Spruce in Coniferous-Deciduous Forests of the Moscow Region
Authors: Некляев С.Э.
Published: July 2024

Для выявления последовательности разрушения древесины и определения организмов, способных выступать в качестве биоиндикаторов, обследованы 65 модельных деревьев ели европейской в зоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов Московской обл. Разработан метод исследования модельного дерева, позволяющий получить данные, характеризующие степень разрушения древесины в результате влияния биологических и абиотических факторов. Предложена шкала стадий разрушения древесины ели под воздействием ксилотрофных базидиомицетов и сапроксильных насекомых. На основе показателей модельных деревьев выделены биоиндикаторы стадий биодеструкции и последовательность их смены в зависимости от состояния древесного субстрата. Сделан вывод о том, что ксилолиз является единым динамическим процессом, происходящим под воздействием комплексов мико- и зоодеструкторов. При этом определить биоиндикаторы можно только для 1–4-й стадий разрушения древесины. Для 5-й стадии характерна бурая мягкая гниль с уровнем разложения древесины более 80 %, что делает выявление биоиндикаторов ксилолиза в полевых условиях невозможным.

The process of natural destruction of wood combines two lines of decomposition of wood matter: mycogenic destruction of wood, which occurs under the influence of xylotrophs and mechanical destruction of the structure of wood matter during the vital activity of xylobionts. To identify the sequence of destruction and identify organisms capable of acting as bioindicators, 65 model trees of European spruce in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests of the Moscow region were examined. To conduct the study, a method for studying a model tree has been developed that allows to obtain integrated data on the destruction of wood under the influence of biological and abiotic factors. A scale of stages of the destruction of spruce wood under the influence of xylotrophic basidiomycetes and saproxyl insects is proposed. Based on data from model trees, bionditactors of biodestruction stages and the sequence of their change depending on the state of the wood substrate are identified. It is concluded that xylolysis is a single dynamic process that takes place under the influence of complexes of mycodestructors and zoodestructors. Determination of bioindicators is possible for 1–4 stages of destruction of wood. Stage 5 is characterized by brown soft rot with a wood decomposition level of more than 80 %, which makes it almost impossible to identify biological indicators of xylolysis in the field.
Change of Breeds in the Field-Protective Forest Belts of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Рахматуллин З.З. , Тимерьянов А.Ш. , Рахматуллина И.Р. , Одинцов Г.Е. , Габделхаков А.К.
Published: July 2024

Проанализирована динамика смены пород в тополевой полезащитной лесной полосе, произрастающей рядом с лесными культурами сосны обыкновенной, в условиях Республики Башкортостан. В лесной полосе появился благонадежный подрост сосны, подрост тополя ни на одной учетной площадке не обнаружен. Характеристика подроста сосны (густота, средние возраст, высота, диаметр) и состояние деревьев тополя изучены в 2008 и 2020 г. Выявлено, что произошла смена конструкции лесной полосы с ажурной на плотную, наблюдается частичное усыхание тополя, на некоторых участках отмечается выход подроста сосны в первый ярус. В процессе учетов 2008 и 2020 г. наибольшая густота подроста сосны (свыше 1,5 тыс. шт./га) установлена на расстоянии до 200 м от лесных культур сосны, наименьшая густота (не более 0,4 тыс. шт./га) – в центре лесной полосы. В 2020 г. мелкий подрост не обнаружен, преобладал крупный подрост, часть из которого вступила в репродуктивную фазу. Аналогичная картина наблюдается и в соседних лесных полосах, что позволяет сделать выводы о возможности смены пород в полезащитных лесных полосах, которая должна сопровождаться проведением рубок ухода.

The dynamics of the change of rocks in the poplar protective forest belt growing next to the forest crops of the Scotch pine is analyzed. A forest belt 450 m long and 10 m wide grows near the village of Shigaikulbash in the Buzdyaksky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting sites are laid every 50 m. Reliable pine undergrowth grows in the forest belt, poplar undergrowth was not found on any of the accounting areas. Characteristics of pine undergrowth (density, average age, height, diameter) and the condition of poplar trees were compared for 2008 and 2020. It was revealed that there was a change in the design of the forest belt from openwork to dense, there is a partial shrinkage of poplar, in some areas there is an exit of pine undergrowth to the first tier. For both periods, the highest density of pine (over 1.5 thousand units/ha) was detected at a distance of up to 200 meters from pine forest crops, the lowest density (no more than 0.4 thousand units/ha) – in the center of the forest belt. In 2020, the category of small undergrowth was not found, most of it is large undergrowth, some of which have entered the reproductive phase. A similar pattern is observed in neighboring forest belts, which allows us to draw conclusions about the possibility of changing the species of protective forest strips, which should be accompanied by logging.
Optimization of the Pine Plantations Biological Stability under Radioactive Contamination Using Index of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Needles
Authors: Ромашкин Д.Ю. , Родин С.А. , Ромашкина И.В. , Раздайводин А.Н.
Published: July 2024

Предложен метод оценки биологической устойчивости сосновых насаждений в зонах радиоактивного загрязнения с использованием индекса флуктуирующей асимметрии (ИФА) на основе полуавтоматической обработки отсканированных изображений хвои. Он позволяет исключить ошибки, связанные с влиянием субъективного фактора, при получении актуальных данных по оценке нарушений развития древесных растений с целью своевременного проведения мероприятий по сохранению защитных функций и хозяйственной ценности древостоев. Рассмотрены аспекты и результаты биоиндикационной оценки нарушений стабильности развития сосны обыкновенной в условиях радиоактивного загрязнения с учетом недостатков метода. Оптимизированный метод оценки позволяет разрабатывать рекомендации по проведению специаль­ных мероприятий, повышающих биологическую устойчивость радиоактивно загрязненных насаждений, с целью возвращения обследованных участков в хозяйственный оборот.

The article is devoted a method for assessing the biological stability of pine plantations using the fluctuating asymmetry index (IFA) with automatic processing of scanned images of needles. This method makes it possible to eliminate errors associated with the influence of the human factor in order to obtain up-to-date data on the assessment of disturbances in the development of woody plants for the purpose of early diagnosis of a decrease in the biological stability of forest ecosystems. Aspects of the bioindicative assessment of disturbances in the stability of plant development based on morphometric traits using the index of fluctuating asymmetry and criticism of this method are considered. The results of a bioindicative evaluation of disturbances in the developmental stability of Scots pine under conditions of radioactive contamination are presented, taking into account the shortcomings of the method. To eliminate system errors associated with the influence of the human factor, digital images of pine needles were processed in a semi-automatic mode. At the end of the article, recommendations are given for carrying out special measures that increase the biological stability of plantations in order to return the surveyed areas to economic circulation.
Methods of Radar Satellite Imagery Interpretation for Southern Siberia Mountain Forests
Authors: Сидоренков В.М. , Астапов Д.О. , Ачиколова Ю.С. , Бадак Л.А. , Буряк Л.В. , Шикалова Е.А. , Рябцев О.В. , Капиталинин Д.Ю.
Published: July 2024

В работе рассматриваются методы лесотаксационного дешифрирования данных радиолокационной съемки со спутника Sentinel-1. Применяемые алгоритмы лесотаксационного дешифрирования основаны на комплексном подходе к анализу территории с учетом особенностей роста и продуктивности лесных насаждений, а также определения степени воздействия различных факторов на рост леса и лесообразовательные процессы. Разработанные методы лесотаксационного дешифрирования основаны на математических моделях, верифицированных на значительном объеме таксационных данных сети пробных площадей.

The paper discusses methods of radar imagery data interpretation from the Sentinel-1 satellite for obtaining forest characteristics. The applied algorithms of forest taxation interpretation are based on an integrated approach to the territory analysis considering features of forest growth and productivity, and various factors’ influence degree on forest growth and formation processes. The developed methods of satellite imagery interpretation include mathematical models verified on a massive pull of forest taxation data from a network of trial plots.
Study of the Process of Ignition of Forest Combustible Material by Focused Solar Radiation
Authors: Гоман П.Н. , Ильюшонок А.В. , Кулешов В.К. , Алферчик Б.Н.
Published: July 2024

Одним из ключевых направлений обеспечения безопасности природных экосистем и разработки эффективных пожарно-профилактических мероприятий является понимание природы возникновения лесных пожаров. При установлении закономерностей влияния природных и антропогенных факторов на возгорание растительности могут быть усовершенствованы способы и методы охраны лесов от пожаров, что особенно актуально в условиях глобального потепления климата. В работе представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований процесса воспламенения наземного лесного горючего материала в виде мха, травы, опада листвы, еловой и сосновой хвои, мелких веток, коры под воздействием солнечного излучения, сфокусированного стеклянной тарой. Установлено, что способность к воспламенению под воздействием сфокусированного теплового потока из исследуемых материалов проявляют мох, трава и опад листвы либо живой напочвенный покров с их преобладанием в составе. К возникновению горения могут привести оставленные в лесу стеклянные банки вместимостью 1 л и более, наполненные водой или другой прозрачной жидкостью. Пустые стеклянные банки вместимостью от 0,5 до 10 л, пустые и наполненные жидкостью бутылки вместимостью от 0,33 до 1 л, а также осколки стекла от указанной тары не способны сфокусировать поток солнечного излучения до величины, достаточной для воспламенения напочвенного покрова влажностью 10–30 %.

One of the key areas for ensuring the safety of natural ecosystems and developing effective fire prevention measures is understanding the nature of forest fires. By establishing the patterns of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the burning of vegetation, the ways and methods of protecting forests from fires can be improved, which is especially important under conditions of global warming. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the process of ignition of ground forest combustible material in the form of moss, grass, leaf litter, spruce and pine needles, small branches, and bark by solar radiation focused by glass containers. It has been established that from the materials under study, moss, grass and leaf litter, or ground cover with their predominance in composition exhibit the ability to ignite under the influence of a focused heat flux. Glass jars with a capacity of 1 liter or more filled with water or other transparent liquid left in the forest can cause fire. Empty glass jars with a capacity of 0.5 to 10 liters, empty and liquid-filled bottles with a capacity of 0.33 to 1 liter, as well as glass fragments from the said containers are not capable of focusing the flux of solar radiation to a value sufficient to ignite the ground cover with a humidity of 10–30 %.
Prostaglandin E2 is an unreliable biomarker for inflammation in castrated piglets: a randomized controlled trial assessing pharmaceutical drug efficiency
Authors: Merenda Victoria R. , Lopez-Soriano Magdiel , Anderson Stephanie , Trindade Pedro H. E. , Tomacheuski Rubia M. , Leidig Martin S. , Messenger Kristen , Ferreira Juliana B. , Pairis-Garcia Monique D.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of intranasal (IN) flunixin meglumine (FM) and intra-inguinal (IG) lidocaine on castration inflammation using prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration as a biomarker.

METHODS

This randomized controlled trial was conducted in March 2022. Blood was collected at −24, 1, and 24 hours postcastration for PGE2 quantification from 195 piglets that received 1 of 8 treatments: (1) saline (1.5 mL) applied IG and IN (0.2 mL) followed by surgical castration (n = 24); (2) saline (1.5 mL) IG and IN (0.2 mL) followed by sham castration (25); (3) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG followed by surgical castration (24); (4) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG followed by sham castration (25); (5) FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by surgical castration (25); (6) FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by sham castration (24); (7) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG and FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by surgical castration (24); and (8) lidocaine (20 mg/kg or 1.5 mL) IG and FM (2.2 mg/kg) IN followed by sham castration (24).

RESULTS

Prostaglandin E2 concentrations did not increase following the castration procedure and were not an effective biomarker of castration inflammation. Piglets that received lidocaine demonstrated no difference in PGE2 levels across all time points. Piglets administered FM had lower PGE2 concentrations at 1 hour and 20 minutes postdrug administration in both the sham and castrated piglets.

CONCLUSIONS

Prostaglandin E2 was not an effective biomarker to quantify castration inflammation. Flunixin meglumine was able to reduce PGE2 concentration in piglets regardless of castration procedure, but lidocaine had no impact. Decreased PGE2 levels in FM-treated pigs are likely associated with the drug’s ability to mitigate a noncastration-associated inflammatory process occurring independent of the castration procedure.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Flunixin meglumine reduced circulating PGE2 concentration in the blood, regardless of the castration procedure, indicating a potential for the drug to mitigate an inflammatory process unrelated to castration.
A review of the current standing of microRNA expression in canine urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Varvil Mara S. , dos Santos Andrea Pires
Published: July 2024

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urogenital cancer in dogs. With early diagnosis, the disease can be controlled, to reduce progression of disease, in most dogs with a good quality of life. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool due to their stability and presence in both bodily fluids and tissues. MiRNAs have been frequently researched in human medicine and human UC; however, few manuscripts regarding miRNAs in canine UC are available. A search was performed on both PubMed and Google Scholar evaluating original research manuscripts with experimentally validated results for the terms “canine” or “dog”; “urothelial carcinoma,” “bladder cancer,” “transitional cell carcinoma,” “TCC,” “MIBC,” “IMBUC,” or “BLCA”; and “miRNA” or “microRNA.” We identified 3 peer-reviewed manuscripts evaluating miRNA expression in canine UC and compared the reported miRNA expression studies to human UC to identify experimentally validated targets of the dysregulated miRNA. In this review, we highlight the similarities and differences between what is reported in canine UC and human UC and discuss the literature gaps that call for further evaluation.
Innovation of classroom teaching of chemical principles based on big data in BOPPPS teaching model
Authors: Yi Guiyun , Wang Xiaodong , Jia Jianbo , Huang Shanxiu , Zhu Can , Kang Weiwei , Guo Xiangkun
Published: July 2024

Classroom teaching mode is an important factor affecting classroom quality and students’ performance. The use of science and technology combined with advanced teaching concepts to rationalize classroom teaching innovation and change has become a research hotspot in the field of education. In this paper, we use the BOPPPS teaching mode on the basis of big data technology to promote teaching innovation in the existing classroom teaching chemical principles. Using a questionnaire survey to study the teaching status of chemical principles in a city university, it is found that the current chemical principle classroom teaching is generally characterized by the problems of solidified teaching mode design, single teaching evaluation method, random design of teaching objectives, etc. The BOPPPS model is applied to the teaching of chemical principles at a city university. The BOPPPS model is applied to the teaching practice of chemical principles in a university, and the student’s classroom performance before and after the change of teaching mode shows obvious differences. After the experiment, 64.17% of the students expressed hope that the BOPPPS teaching model could be promoted in other disciplines. Cluster analysis of students’ performance before and after the experiment using an optimized K-means clustering algorithm shows that the performance of the seven students extracted from the experiment significant improvement after the experiment. The use of the BOPPPS teaching mode makes the students’ score range increase from 60-70 before the test to 80-90 after the test.
Study on the enhancement of dielectric properties of epoxy resin composites by fullerene doping
Authors: Zhang Zaizhen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Hongchang
Published: July 2024

Based on the fact that C60 is one of the most abundant and readily available molecular configurations in the fullerene family, this paper investigates the effect of doping fullerenes on the dielectric properties of epoxy composites using C60 as a representative. The structure and properties of fullerene molecules are thoroughly examined from the point of view of materials chemistry. The equipment required for the experiment is selected, the experimental sample preparation plan is formulated, and the structure and dielectric properties of the prepared samples are analyzed by corresponding data analysis. The results show that in the range of r less than 1.03 Å, the particle distribution probability of the fullerene-doped epoxy composites in this interval is 0. As r continues to increase, the probability density of the fused C60 epoxy composites is higher than that of the epoxy matrix. The frequency band of 1 MHz has an enhancement of 0.053 and 0.043. However, the dielectric constant of the composite epoxy resin in the high-frequency interval gradually falls back with the increase of filler, while the enhancement of the dielectric constant occurs in the low-frequency interval, and the fullerene is also optimized in terms of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss properties. Fullerene’s excellent dielectric properties have been confirmed by this study, which is important to broaden the epoxy resin market and improve the competitiveness of products.
Dynamic Integration and Innovative Application of Red Cultural Resources in Civic and Political Education in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Zhang Zuyan
Published: July 2024

With the deepening of the reform of civic education in colleges and universities, the traditional mode of civic education has gradually revealed its limitations. The integration of red cultural resources into the ideological education of colleges and universities has become a more common method of ideological education. According to the attributes of red cultural resources in civic education, the study combines the HMM model, BiLSTM model, and BiLSTM-CRF model to construct a red cultural resource base for civic education courses in colleges and universities so as to dynamically integrate red cultural resources in civic education in colleges and universities, analyze the textual features of the red cultural resources in the research methods in the college and university education resource base, and explore the teaching of civic education in colleges and universities. The top five high-frequency words in the mainstream research methods are “history” (540), “comparison” (538), “literature” (486), “system” (334), “discipline” (245), and the most frequent words in the empirical research method are “case” (67), “investigation “(26), “interview” (23), “culture” (15), and “qualitative research” (18). The degree of understanding of the content of Yan’an red cultural resources by students of colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province is Yan’an spirit (14.65%), celebrity heroes’ deeds (26.19%), red literary writings (3.59%), red attractions (35.95%), the course of the revolutionary struggle (25.16%), deeds of poverty alleviation (19.54%), and no understanding (8.57%).
Research on the Integration and Development of Cultural Creative Industry and Rural Tourism Industry in the Information Age
Authors: Ma Yue , Wang Yan
Published: July 2024

This paper constructs the innovative development model of cultural and tourism integration based on the digital development process of cultural and creative industries and the rural tourism industry under the background of informationization. Then, it analyzes the comprehensive development level, coupled and coordinated development characteristics, and regional differences of cultural and creative industries and rural tourism industries in the whole country and 7 regions by using the coupled and coordinated degree model. Finally, the effectiveness of the digital development model of cultural and tourism integration is analyzed through the multiple linear regression model, and the moderating effect of the digital development model of cultural and tourism integration on the regional service capacity, infrastructure, and economic development is explored in depth. The results show that for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of digitalized development of cultural and tourism integration, the employment in the regional tertiary industry increases by 1.5%, the level of infrastructure development increases by 1.6%, and the level of local economic development grows by 1.2%. This study enriches and improves the content framework of the research on the high-quality development of rural tourism and provides new analytical ideas for the research on the high-quality development of rural tourism and cultural and creative industries.
Research on Talent Cultivation Mode of Higher Education in the Context of Digital Era
Authors: Meng Fanli
Published: July 2024

“Lifelong learning” is the proper meaning of education in the new era, and talent cultivation is an important part of higher education. This paper addresses the shortcomings of the current talent cultivation model and proposes a new model for talent cultivation. It also examines the fitting and convergence validity of the new model through factor analysis. Multiple linear regression is employed to examine the correlation between the four indicators and compute the regression coefficients to create the regression equation. The analysis revealed that the RV values of all dimensions exceeded 0.7 and the AVEs exceeded 0.5, indicating that the cultivation model was convergently valid. The regression coefficients of the four variables, namely implementation approach, cultivation goal, result feedback, and normative requirements, are 0.984, 0.978, 0.415, and 0.218, respectively, indicating that there is a linear relationship between the indicators of the proposed talent cultivation model and that the model represents the reality of talent cultivation more accurately.
Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Talent Cultivation Mode of College Students under the Background of Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Qian Hong
Published: July 2024

Based on artificial intelligence technology, this paper builds an innovation and entrepreneurship education platform for college students with the goal of improving their innovation and entrepreneurship spirit and ability. For faculty information, competition information, and other aspects related to the collection and analysis of student portraits. The use of a collaborative filtering algorithm allows students to receive personalized test questions while also modeling innovation and entrepreneurship competitions and creating a set of team-matching methods that utilize student portraits. Using hierarchical analysis to construct the evaluation system model of graduate innovation and entrepreneurship education, it can be analyzed that in the student portrait, when the students basically have no attendance, the assessment grade is also 0. Students who have participated in the innovation and entrepreneurship education platform have received salaries of more than 11K in 4 cities, while social workers have only received salaries of more than 11K in 1 city. Basically, more than 70% of those who agree with the learning mode of innovation and entrepreneurship platform and who are very interested in it are more than 70%. Resource allocation (0.3537) has the greatest influence on the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents, and the importance of constructing innovative and entrepreneurial resource allocation should be highly emphasized.
Analysis of Teaching Capacity Building of College Teachers’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in the Context of Big Data
Authors: Ruan Chongyou , Shi Zhengdong , Ruan Yiwen
Published: July 2024

Innovation and entrepreneurship education teaching is an important driving force to stimulate the innovation ability of college and university students and to improve them, which puts forward a major test for the teaching ability of college and university teachers as a key part of teaching. This paper analyzes the current situation of the teaching ability of college teachers in innovative entrepreneurship education teaching through a questionnaire survey. It constructs the evaluation index system of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching ability of college teachers, combines the gray correlation analysis method to determine the weight of each index in the system, and finally successfully constructs the rating system of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching ability of college teachers. Regression analysis and gray correlation methods are used to explore the influencing factors of college teachers’ ability to teach innovation and entrepreneurship. It was found that five factors, such as school type, education, and title, had a significant impact on college teachers’ innovation and entrepreneurial teaching ability. The correlation between participation in innovation and entrepreneurship training and the innovation and entrepreneurship teaching ability of college teachers in the gray correlation calculation is 0.758, which has a significant effect on teachers’ innovation and entrepreneurship teaching ability.
Effects and Mechanisms of ESG Performance Affecting Firms’ Innovation Efficiency - Based on Regression Analysis Perspective
Authors: Yin Xiong , Wang Lingji
Published: July 2024

Based on selecting A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022 as the research sample, this paper explores the effect and mechanism of ESG performance on corporate innovation efficiency using a regression analysis model. It is found that ESG performance is positively correlated with corporate innovation efficiency at a 1% significance level with a correlation coefficient of 0.057, which means that ESG performance can improve corporate innovation efficiency. Government subsidies play a mediating role in the relationship between corporate ESG performance and corporate innovation, and corporate ESG performance can enable enterprises to obtain more government subsidies, which can promote the enhancement of corporate innovation capacity. The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the ESG performance of non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the growth period has a more obvious effect on the improvement of corporate innovation efficiency, and their correlation coefficients reach 0.537 and 0.483, respectively. To summarize, based on the enterprise level, exploring the impact and mechanism of ESG performance on green innovation efficiency has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the transformation of a low-carbon economy.
An Exploration of the Role of Quantitative Management Techniques in Public Service Satisfaction Enhancement
Authors: Zhu Lili
Published: July 2024

Under the background of service-oriented government construction, quantitative management techniques have been widely used in public services, and it is more and more important to study the relationship between them and public service satisfaction. In this paper, the quantitative management strategy of public service is proposed based on the relationship between public service satisfaction and quantitative management technology. Then, a quantitative Kano model is used to analyze the audience demand for public services. Finally, the effect of improving public service satisfaction is evaluated using the independent sample t-test method. The ranges of values of satisfaction X when the quantitative management technique is not used, satisfaction Y when the technique is used, overall importance r, and overall satisfaction α are [0.2248, 0.6402], [0.3239, 0.8441], [0.4016, 0.9587], and [0.6099, 1.3579], respectively, and the fact that X<Y and the values of r and α are higher suggests that quantitative management techniques have an enhancing effect on the satisfaction of public service demand. The public service satisfaction scores of the group using quantitative management techniques are all greater than those of the group not using them, and the significance of the t-tests of the four satisfaction dimensions of public services are all less than 0.05, indicating that quantitative management techniques have a significant effect of enhancing the satisfaction of public services in all dimensions. This paper provides empirical evidence for the use of quantitative management techniques to improve user satisfaction and promote the development of high-quality public services.