bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
δ 13C of zooplankton, decapod crustaceans and amphipods from Laguna de Terminos, Campeche (Mexico), with reference to food sources and trophic position
Authors: Raz-Guzmán A , De-la-Lanza G
Published: November 2017

Zooplankton, Penaeus setiferus, P. duorarum, Xiphopenaeus kroyeti, Callinectes sapidus, Dyspanopeus texanus, Palaemonetes spp., Hippolyte spp. and amphipods were isotopically characterized to identify the food sources they use and their relative trophic position, as well as to establish a relationship between the isotopic data and the isotopic “memory”, the isotopic convergence and the complexity of trophic chains. The δ 13C values of the animals were compared to those of the submerged vegetation, detritus and sediment of each locality. The range of δ 13C values of –7.2 to –24‰ indicates that consumers take advantage of sources of organic carbon of a diverse isotopic nature. The isotopic difference between the lager consumers, P. setiferus, P. duorarum, X. kroyeri, C. sapidus and D. texanus, and the primary producers indicates that the first occupy a high trophic level within their communities. There is a relationship between the migration of P. setiferus juveniles from the northeast (CTL = 11.5 mm) to the southwest (CTL = 22.5 mm) of the lagoon, and the variation in isotopic composition from heavier (–8.9‰) to lighter (–24.2‰) δ 13C values. Three cases are presented to explain the variety of δ 13C values of P. setiferus. In general, the isotopic composition of the above-mentioned species characterized two isotopically different areas: one to the northeast of the system with heavier values of –6.4 to –17.2‰ and another to the west, southwest and South with lighter values of –15.3 to –24.2‰.
Ichthyofauna of San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Danemann GD , De-la-Cruz-Agüero J
Published: November 2017

Eighty-one species of fishes were recorded from San Ignacio Lagoon, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Data were drawn from analysis of the diet of seven species of fish-eating birds, along with additional survey collections and fish taken by fishermen in the area. This is the first comprehensive check-list of fishes for this area. Five species reported here extend their known distribution range northward.
Reproductive ecology of Gracilaria pacifica Abbott (Gracilariales; Rhodophyta), in Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico
Authors: Pacheco-Ruíz I , Zertuche-González JA , Aguilar-Rosas R
Published: November 2017

Two populations of Gracilaria pacifica Abbott, that grow on different types of substrates (mud-sand and rochy) and that differ in the type and dominance of reproductive phases, were studied in Estero de Punta Banda, Baja California (Mexico). To determine whether the lack of hard (rocky) substrate, which allows attachment, and the viability of the tetraspores are related to the absence of cystocarpic plants in beds distributed on a soft substrate (mud-sand), the attachment and viability of the tetraspores, on an artificial substrate (concrete slabs), were evaluated in situ and under semicontrolled culture conditions. The fertility and viability of the tetraspores under controlled laboratory conditions were quantified. The tetraspores from both stations germinated under controlled and semicontrolled conditions. Germination in situ occurred only at the station with hard substrate. In the mud-sand environment, growth of plants on the artificial substrates placed among the beds was not observed. It is concluded that the absence of cycstocarpic plants in G. pacifica beds that grow on a mud-sand substrate cannot be attributed to the lack of hard (rocky) substrate or the viability of the tetraspores.
Nitrogen Subsidies in Glacial Meltwater: Implications for High Elevation Aquatic Chains
Authors: Warner K. A. , Saros J. E. , Simon K. S.
Published: November 2017

In certain alpine systems, glacially‐fed lakes and streams have nitrate concentrations one to two orders of magnitude higher than lakes and streams fed by snowmelt alone. To better understand how nitrogen subsidies from glacial meltwater propagate down a chain of lakes and streams we assessed the effects of these subsidies in a set of aquatic chains in the central U.S. Rocky Mountains. Algal biomass, algal community assemblage, and nutrient limitation were measured in a chain of lakes and streams fed by glacial meltwater (GSF) and a chain fed by snowmelt alone (SF). Nitrate (
) concentrations in the GSF chain ranged from 228 to 70 μg L−1 declining from the top of the chain to the bottom, while
concentrations in the SF chain were consistently low, < 9 μg L−1. In the glacial chain, both lakes were phosphorus‐limited; the strength of this limitation signal weakened down the chain, with the lake at the bottom showing secondary nitrogen and phosphorus colimitation. In the snowmelt chain, lakes were colimited with no change in strength down the chain. Algal biomass averaged 2.6 μg L−1 and 7.3 μg m−2 in SF lakes and streams and 5.4 μg L−1 and 9.2 μg m−2 in GSF lakes and streams. Phytoplankton and periphyton communities in the GSF chain were more homogeneous compared to the SF chain. Our results indicate nutrient subsidies in glacial meltwaters can propagate down aquatic chains and alter nutrient limitation patterns and algal communities compared to SF systems, creating heterogeneous patterns across the landscape.
P and S Wave Receiver Function Imaging of Subduction With Scattering Kernels
Authors: Hansen S. M. , Schmandt B.
Published: November 2017

A method for scattered wave imaging in 3‐D with both teleseismic P and S wave receiver function data is introduced. The approach relies on body‐wave scattering kernels that are derived from the adjoint data sensitivity kernels which are typically used for full waveform tomography. The forward problem is approximated using ray theory, yielding a computationally efficient imaging algorithm that can resolve dipping and discontinuous interfaces using both P and S wave receiver functions. Traveltime fields for the incident teleseismic arrivals and the receiver point‐sources are obtained by solving the Eikonal equation using a Fast Marching code which can handle a 3‐D reference velocity model. An energy stable finite‐difference method is used to simulate elastic wave propagation in a 2‐D hypothetical subduction zone model. The resulting synthetic P and S wave receiver function data sets are used to validate the imaging method. The kernel images are compared with those generated by the Generalized Radon Transform and Common Conversion Point Stacking methods. These results demonstrate the potential of the kernel imaging approach for constraining lithospheric structure in complex geologic environments with sufficiently dense recordings of teleseismic data. Potential imaging targets include short‐wavelength compositional variations in the mantle wedge and the slab's lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary.
A Model of Icebergs and Sea Ice in a Joint Continuum Framework
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Holland David M.
Published: November 2017

The ice mélange, a mixture of sea ice and icebergs, often present in front of outlet glaciers in Greenland or ice shelves in Antarctica, can have a profound effect on the dynamics of the ice‐ocean system. The current inability to numerically model the ice mélange motivates a new modeling approach proposed here. A continuum sea‐ice model is taken as a starting point and icebergs are represented as thick and compact pieces of sea ice held together by large tensile and shear strength, selectively introduced into the sea‐ice rheology. In order to modify the rheology correctly, an iceberg tracking procedure is implemented within a semi‐Lagrangian time‐stepping scheme, designed to exactly preserve iceberg shape through time. With the proposed treatment, sea ice and icebergs are considered a single fluid with spatially varying rheological properties. Mutual interactions are thus automatically included without the need for further parametrization. An important advantage of the presented framework for an ice mélange model is its potential to be easily included within sea‐ice components of existing climate models.
Features of Upward Positive Leaders Initiated From Towers in Natural Cloud‐to‐Ground Lightning Based on Simultaneous High‐Speed Videos, Measured Currents, and Electric Fields
Authors: Visacro Silverio , Guimaraes Miguel , Murta Vale Maria Helena
Published: November 2017

Original simultaneous records of currents, close electric field, and high‐speed videos of natural negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning striking the tower of Morro do Cachimbo Station are used to reveal typical features of upward positive leaders before the attachment, including their initiation and mode of propagation. According to the results, upward positive leaders initiate some hundreds of microseconds prior to the return stroke, while a continuous uprising current of about 4 A and superimposed pulses of a few tens amperes flow along the tower. Upon leader initiation, the electric field measured 50 m away from the tower at ground level is about 60 kV/m. The corresponding average field roughly estimated 0.5 m above the tower top is higher than 0.55 MV/m. As in laboratory experiments, the common propagation mode of upward positive leaders is developing continuously, without steps, from their initiation. Unlike downward negative leaders, upward positive leaders typically do not branch off, though they can bifurcate under the effect of a downward negative leader's secondary branch approaching their lateral surface. The upward positive leader's estimated average two‐dimensional propagation speed, in the range of 0.06 × 106 to 0.16 × 106 m/s, has the same order of magnitude as that of downward negative leaders. Apparently, the speed tends to increase just before attachment.
Role of Soil Thermal Inertia in Surface Temperature and Soil Moisture‐Temperature Feedback
Authors: Cheruy F. , Dufresne J. L. , Aït Mesbah S. , Grandpeix J. Y. , Wang F.
Published: November 2017

A conceptual model based on the surface energy budget is developed to compute the sensitivity of the climatological mean diurnal amplitude and mean daily surface temperature to the soil thermal inertia. It uses the diurnal amplitude of the net surface radiation, the sensitivity of the turbulent fluxes to the surface temperature and the soil thermal inertia. Its performance is evaluated globally with numerical simulations using the atmospheric and the land surface modules of a state‐of‐the‐art climate model. The only regions where the thermal inertia has a limited impact are the moist regions. In dry areas, together with the stability of the boundary layer it plays a major role. It also has a significant impact at high and midlatitudes especially in winter when the turbulent fluxes are weak. In semiarid regions, the soil moisture exhibits a high day‐to‐day variability strongly correlated to the evaporation and the day‐to‐day variability of the surface temperature is generally explained by the soil moisture via its control on the evaporation. However, the soil moisture via its control on the thermal inertia reduces the impact of the day‐time evaporative cooling by reducing the nocturnal cooling. This newly identified moisture‐related negative feedback can reduce the variability of the surface temperature in semiarid regions by up to a factor of 2. The model also provides a simple framework to understand the role of the thermal properties in the frequent cold bias identified in stratified stable atmospheric situations in the northern midlatitudes.
H
alocalculus
Authors: Minegishi Hiroaki
Published: November 2017

Ha.lo.cal'cu.lus
. Gr. n.
hals, halos
the sea, salt; L. masc. n.
calculus
pebble, gravel; N.L. masc. n.
Halocalculus
salt (‐requiring) pebble‐shaped archaeon.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halocalculus

The genus
Halocalculus
is classified with the family
Halobacteriaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. Phylogenetically, the genus is closely related to the genera
Salarchaeum
,
Halobacterium
, and
Halarchaeum
.
Halocalculus
species are pleomorphic and stain Gram‐negative. They are extremely halophilic and acid‐tolerant chemoorganotrophic aerobes that grow on a wide range of substrates, including single and complex carbon sources and require at least 2.1 M NaCl and pH values between 4.5 and 7.5. The polar lipids are C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
derivatives of phosphatidyl glycerol (PG), phosphatidyl glycerophosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), and at least seven unidentified glycolipids. Currently, the genus consists of the species
Halocalculus aciditolerans
(the type species of the genus). Isolates have been recovered from commercial solar salt samples.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.3–68.8.

Type species
:
Halocalculus aciditolerans
Minegishi, Echigo, Kuwahara, Shimane, Kamekura, Itoh, Ohkuma and Usami 2015, 1643
VP
.
H
aloparvum
Authors: Chen Shaoxing
Published: November 2017

Ha.lo.par'vum. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. neut. adj.
parvum
small size, tiny; N.L. neut. n.
Haloparvum
salt loving, small‐size organism.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Haloparvum

The genus
Haloparvum
was classified within the family
Halorubraceae
, order
Haloferacales
in the class
Halobacteria
in accordance with the conserved signature insertions/deletions (CSIs) and conserved signature proteins (CSPs) and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and
rpoB ′
gene. Colonies of this genus are red or pink and nearly 1–2 mm in diameter on agar plate after the incubation at 38°C for 2 weeks. Cells are pleomorphic rod shaped. Mg
2+
is required for growth. They can grow well in the minimal medium supplemented with certain single carbon source. They are aerobes and lyse in distilled water. Anaerobic growth with nitrate,
l
‐arginine, and DMSO is not observed. Catalase reaction is positive. Tweens 20, 40, 60, and 80, casein, and gelatin are not hydrolyzed. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and a sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether‐1. The genus
Haloparvum
is closely related to the genera
Halopenitus
and
Halorubrum
uncovered by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and
rpoB
′ gene. The cell size of the species in genus
Haloparvum
is smaller than those of closely related genera. Currently, the genus
Haloparvum
consists of two species;
Haloparvum sedimenti
is the type species. Isolates have been recovered from commercial salt made from seawater in the Philippines and sold in Japan and from a salt mine sample in China.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.0–70.1.

Type species
:
Haloparvum sedimenti
Chen, Liu, Zhou and Xiang 2016, 2333
VP
.
Abscisic Acid Synthesis, Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Authors: Marion‐Poll Annie , Leung Jeffrey
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biosynthesis and Catabolism Pathways

Regulation ofABASynthesis and Metabolism

ABASignaling in Seed Maturation Processes: Proteolysis and Combinatorial Protein Interactions

Stress Responses in Vegetative Tissues: The Five Major Nexuses

ABASignaling in Guard Cells: Simple Movements Controlled by Complex Mechanisms

ABAas Antagonizing Signal to Light in Stomatal Movement

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements
Auxin Metabolism and Signaling
Authors: Cohen Jerry D. , Gray William M.
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Auxin Metabolism

Auxin Signaling

Conclusions and Future Perspectives

Acknowledgments
Integration of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signaling
Authors: Szekeres Miklos , Bishop Gerard J.
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Metabolism

Signal Transduction

Future Prospectives

Acknowledgements
Cytokinin Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Authors: Heyl Alexander , Werner Tomáš , Schmülling Thomas
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Cytokinin Metabolism

Cytokinin Signal Transduction

Conclusions
Gibberellin Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Authors: Thomas Stephen G. , Hedden Peter
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Gibberellin Metabolic Pathway

Genes ofGABiosynthesis and Their Regulation

The Gibberellin Signal Transduction Pathway

Downstream Transcriptional Events Induced byGAs

Sites ofGASignaling

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
Salicylic Acid
Authors: Garcion Christophe , Métraux Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Biosynthesis and Metabolism ofSA

Signal Transduction and Mode of Action

Conclusions
Hormone Distribution and Transport
Authors: Ross John J. , Symons Gregory M. , Abas Lindy , Reid James B. , Luschnig Christian
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Concepts and Definitions

Auxins: Distribution and Transport

Auxin Transport

GAs: Distribution and Transport

BRs: Distribution and Transport

General Discussion

Acknowledgements
Cell Separation and Adhesion Processes in Plants
Authors: Roberts Jeremy , Gonzalez‐Carranza Zinnia
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Cell Separation Processes

Cell Adhesion Processes

Manipulation of Cell Separation and Adhesion in Crop Plants

Conclusions
Cell Adhesion, Separation and Guidance in Compatible Plant Reproduction
Authors: Mollet Jean‐Claude , Faugeron Céline , Morvan Henri
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Pollen Formation and Microspore Separation

Pollen–Stigma Adhesion and Pollen Tube Guidance

Adhesion and Guidance of Pollen Tubes in the Style

Cell Wall Modifying Proteins and Pollen Tube Growth in theECM

Pollen Tube Adhesion, Interaction and Guidance in the Ovary

Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgements
Organ Abscission
Authors: Leslie Michelle E. , Lewis Michael W. , Liljegren Sarah J.
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Setting the Stage: Patterning and Differentiation

Communication Involved in Cell Separation

Dissolution of the Cell Wall – Cell Separation

Discussion and Future Directions

Acknowledgments
Dehiscence
Authors: Østergaard Lars , Borkhardt Bernhard , Ulvskov Peter
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Shatter Resistance

Morphogenesis and Anatomy of the Dehiscence Zone

Cell Wall Dissolution and its Hormonal Regulation

Factors RegulatingArabidopsis Fruit Development

Genetic Interactions duringArabidopsis Fruit Development

Anther Dehiscence

Prospects for Engineering Shatter Resistance

Development of Model‐to‐Crop Approaches

Acknowledgments
Fruit Ripening
Authors: Martel Catherine , Giovannoni James
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Fruits

Regulation of Ripening

Cell Wall Metabolism during Fruit Ripening

Cell Wall Modifying Enzymes

Colourless Non‐Ripening Mutant: A Model to Study Fruit Ripening Cell Wall Modifications

Conclusions
Membrane Dynamics and Regulation of Subcellular Changes during Senescence
Authors: Hopkins Marianne , McNamara Linda , Taylor Catherine , Wang Tzann‐Wei , Thompson John
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Loss of Membrane Structural Integrity during Senescence

Role of Proteolysis in Membrane Senescence

Dismantling of Membranes in Senescing Tissue

Role of Autophagy

Metabolism of Membrane Fatty Acids in Senescing Tissues

Translational Regulation of Senescence
Nutrient Remobilization during Leaf Senescence
Authors: Fischer Andreas M.
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Overview

Macro‐ and Micronutrient Remobilization

Nitrogen Remobilization

Outlook

Acknowledgments
Environmental Regulation of Leaf Senescence
Authors: Lers Amnon
Published: November 2017

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Light Irradiance

Ozone

Temperature

Drought Stress

Flooding

Salinity

Environmental Pollution – Toxic Materials

Oxidative Stress Involvement in Environmental Regulation of Senescence

Nutrient/Mineral Shortage

AtmosphericCO2

Biotic Stress

Concluding Remarks
Autonomic conditioning to monetary and social stimuli and aggression in children
Authors: Gao Yu , Mendez Krystal , Li Xiaobo , Wang Meng‐Cheng
Published: November 2017

Poor conditioning to punishment, such as loud tones or electric shock, has been proposed as an important factor involved in the etiology of aggressive and psychopathic behavior. However, it is not known whether the association holds when monetary or social stimulus is used as the unconditioned stimulus, and if aggressive individuals also have impaired conditioning to rewards. In this study, skin conductance responses in a conditioning task involving both monetary/social reward and punishment as unconditioned stimuli were assessed in 340 male and female 8‐ to 9‐year‐old children from the community. Children reported their reactive and proactive aggression using the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ; Raine et al., 2006). Results showed that monetary/social reward and punishment were effective in eliciting physiological classical conditioning in children, and that reduced reward conditioning was associated with high levels of proactive aggression in particular. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between reactive and proactive aggression when examining antisocial behavior in children, and suggest that reward‐oriented treatment programs may not be effective for children with more proactive, instrumental aggressive behavior.
Photosensitizers for Two‐Photon Excited Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Sun Zhiyuan , Zhang Li‐Peng , Wu Feipeng , Zhao Yuxia
Published: November 2017

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive protocol for the treatment of various cancers and nonmalignant diseases. Light, oxygen, and photosensitizer (PS) are the essential three elements in a typical PDT process. Currently, there are two major barriers limiting the further development of PDT. One issue is limited tissue penetration, and the other is the lack of high‐performance PSs. Therefore, the newly emerging two‐photon excited PDT (2PE‐PDT) has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages such as a higher spatial resolution and a greater penetration depth. In this review, focus is on (i) the principle of 2PE‐PDT, (ii) the progression of PSs for 2PE‐PDT, and (iii) the potential indications and future directions in this field.
Ethical Challenges Inherent in the Evaluation of an American Indian/Alaskan Native Circles of Care Project
Authors: Julian David A. , Smith Tyrone , Hunt R. Andrew
Published: November 2017

This article provides first‐person accounts of ethical issues inherent in an evaluation of the Native American Indian Center of Central Ohio (NAICCO) Circles of Care project. Circles of Care is a three‐year, infrastructure development program funded through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) which is part of the federal Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). The grant program is for American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) tribes and urban Indian communities and includes a strong emphasis on community engagement and community ownership. The Native American Indian Center of Central Ohio received a Circles of Care grant in the fifth cohort of the program. The first author (Project Evaluator) presents views that typically represent a western approach to evaluation, while the second author (Project Director) presents a Native perspective. Ethical issues are defined as well as the authors’ efforts to address these concerns.
Early experience with a patient‐specific virtual surgical simulation for rehearsal of endoscopic skull‐base surgery
Authors: Won Tae‐Bin , Hwang Peter , Lim Jae Hyun , Cho Sung‐Woo , Paek Sun Ha , Losorelli Steven , Vaisbuch Yona , Chan Sonny , Salisbury Kenneth , Blevins Nikolas H.
Published: November 2017

Background

With the help of contemporary computer technology it is possible to create a virtual surgical environment (VSE) for training. This article describes a patient‐specific virtual rhinologic surgical simulation platform that supports rehearsal of endoscopic skull‐base surgery. We also share our early experience with select cases.

Methods

A rhinologic VSE was developed, featuring a highly efficient direct 3‐dimensional (3D) volume renderer with simultaneous stereoscopic feedback during surgical manipulation of the virtual anatomy, as well as high‐fidelity haptic feedback. We conducted a retrospective analysis on 10 patients who underwent various forms of sinus and ventral skull‐base surgery to assess the ability of the rhinologic VSE to replicate actual intraoperative findings.

Results

In all 10 cases, the simulation experience was realistic enough to perform dissections in a similar manner as in the actual surgery. Excellent correlation was found in terms of surgical exposure, anatomical features, and the locations of pathology.

Conclusion

The current rhinologic VSE shows sufficient realism to allow patient‐specific surgical rehearsal of the sinus and ventral skull base. Further validation studies are needed to assess the benefits of performing patient‐specific rehearsal.
FFLO States in Layered Organic Superconductors
Authors: Wosnitza Joachim
Published: November 2017

In this short review, the recently found experimental evidence that Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) states are realized in quasi‐two‐dimensional (2D) organic superconductors is reported. At low temperatures and when a high magnetic field is aligned parallel to the conducting organic layers, an upturn of the upper critical field much beyond the Pauli limit is observed, as proven by thermodynamic measurements. Under certain conditions, a second thermodynamic transition emerges inside the FFLO state. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) work has added strong microscopic support for the realization of the FFLO state. The NMR spectra in the FFLO phase can very well be explained by a nonuniform one‐dimensionally modulated superconducting order parameter. All these features, appearing only in a very narrow angular region close to parallel‐field orientation, give robust evidence for the realization of the FFLO state in organic superconductors.
The Existence of a Designer Al=Al Double Bond in the LiAl2H4− Cluster Formed by Electronic Transmutation
Authors: Lundell Katie A. , Zhang Xinxing , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Bowen Kit H.
Published: November 2017

The Al=Al double bond is elusive in chemistry. Herein we report the results obtained via combined photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio studies of the LiAl2H4− cluster that confirm the formation of a conventional Al=Al double bond. Comprehensive searches for the most stable structures of the LiAl2H4− cluster have shown that the global minimum isomer I possesses a geometric structure which resembles that of Si2H4, demonstrating a successful example of the transmutation of Al atoms into Si atoms by electron donation. Theoretical simulations of the photoelectron spectrum discovered the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond.
Synthesis of a Phlorin from a Meso‐Fused Anthriporphyrin by a Diels–Alder Strategy
Authors: Aslam Adil S. , Hong Jung‐Ho , Shin June‐Ho , Cho Dong‐Gyu
Published: November 2017

An anthracene‐containing meso‐fused carbaporphyrin, which has extended π‐conjugation pathways as compared to the corresponding naphthalene‐containing carbaporphyrin, has been synthesized. The weak global aromaticity of the anthriporphyrin also allowed its use as the diene for a Diels–Alder reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). The resulting phlorin contains an interesting bicyclic structure. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this phlorin is the first Diels–Alder adduct of a diene forming part of the global π‐conjugation pathway of an aromatic porphyrinoid.
The use of Chara spp. (Charales: Characeae) as a bioindicator of physico‐chemical habitat suitability for an endangered crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes in lentic waters
Authors: Beaune David , Sellier Yann , Lambert Élisabeth , Grandjean Frédéric
Published: November 2017

Austropotamobius pallipes is an endangered decapod attracting much attention in freshwater conservation programmes. In some cases population transfers or reintroductions are carried out in lentic ecosystems such as ponds or quarries. Such conservation actions require rapid, low cost and powerful tools to census suitable habitat.

Some species of the Characeae family (Chara spp.), share ecological needs with A. pallipes and are proposed as bioindicators of suitable habitat. Chara species were tested, among other plants, as bioindicators, and to see whether Chara species are a stronger indicator than water chemistry.

The Pinail Nature Reserve, with 3000 permanent ponds, is inhabited by white‐clawed crayfish probably introduced historically into ponds used for fish production. This allows a replicated study of suitable habitats where plant communities are bioindicators of crayfish presence.

Crayfish presence is associated with Chara species (such as Chara aspera, Chara virgata, Chara fragifera, Chara polyacantha and Chara vulgaris). Austropotamobius pallipes is present in ponds with Chara spp. (N = 10/10) while other ponds without crayfish are lacking charophytes (N = 1/23). Algae of the genus Chara are thus a simple and low‐cost additional tool for determining suitable habitat for crayfish introductions within enclosed waters protected from exotic invasive species and disease. Cladium mariscus also appears to be another useful bioindicator for crayfish habitat.
Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation of 5‐Membered Carbocyclic Rings: A Powerful Access to Azulene, Acenaphthylene and Fulvene Derivatives
Authors: Shi Xinzhe , Sasmal Arpan , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri
Published: November 2017

Azulene, acenaphthylene and fulvene derivatives exhibit important physical properties useful in materials chemistry as well as valuable biological properties. Since about two decades ago, the metal‐catalyzed functionalization of such compounds, via C−H bond activation of their 5‐membered carbocyclic ring, proved to be a very convenient method for the synthesis of a wide variety of azulene, acenaphthylene and fulvene derivatives. For such reactions, there is no need to prefunctionalize the 5‐membered carbocyclic rings. In this review, the progress in the synthesis of azulene, acenaphthylene and fulvene derivatives via metal‐catalyzed C−H bond activation of their 5‐membered carbocyclic ring are summarized.
Integral Sliding‐Mode Observation and Control for Switched Uncertain Linear Time Invariant Systems: a Robustifying Strategy
Authors: Galván‐Guerra Rosalba , Fridman Leonid , Iriarte Rafael , Velázquez‐Velázquez Juan‐Eduardo , Steinberger Martin
Published: November 2017

A robustifying methodology for switched systems with matched and unmatched uncertainties/perturbations and autonomous location transitions is presented. We avail of such methodology to design a control strategy based on integral sliding modes, thereby ensuring theoretically exact compensation of the matched uncertainties/perturbations and the minimization of the effects of the unmatched ones. An output integral sliding‐mode control technique, based on a switched algebraic hierarchical observer is also proposed. This approach allows the theoretically exact compensation of the matched uncertainties/perturbations right after the first moment. The proposed approach is illustrated via numerical simulations.
Estimation of Multi‐Order Spectra for Nonlinear Closed‐Loop Systems
Authors: Zhang Jialiang , Cao Jianfu
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a multi‐order spectra estimation method is proposed for a nonlinear closed‐loop system based on the Volterra series. Owing to the correlation between the noise and the input, the estimation accuracy is poor when the nonlinear spectra of the plant is obtained using the traditional estimation method. In order to overcome this problem, a two‐step scheme is used to estimate the multi‐order spectrum of a nonlinear system operating in closed‐loop. Firstly, the generalized frequency response functions (GFRFs) from the reference signal to the input of the plant are estimated, and they are used to simulate the noise‐free input spectra of the plant. Secondly, the GFRFs of the controlled plant are estimated using the noise‐free input spectra and the output spectra. Because the GFRFs are multidimensional functions, the required amount of calculation for the estimation is very large. To reduce computational complexity, a simplified GFRF model is adopted to estimate the multi‐order nonlinear spectrum of the plant. In this model, the GFRF is transformed to a one‐dimensional function. Two simulation experiments are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
Direct assessment of quality of care in secure residential treatment facilities for criminal offenders with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Joslyn P. Raymond , Vollmer Timothy R. , Dickens Emily N. , Walker Stephen F.
Published: November 2017

Direct assessment was used to evaluate quality of care in 2 secure residential treatment facilities for criminal offenders with intellectual disabilities. This population and type of setting have not been previously studied in this context. Observations were conducted of environmental condition, resident condition, resident activity, and staff member activity at various times of day over a period of 3 weeks in Facility 1 and 2 days in Facility 2. An additional analysis was conducted to determine the optimal number of observations needed to obtain a representative sample. Results indicated high levels of quality in terms of environmental condition and resident condition in both facilities. Data on resident and staff activities were more variable but generally consistent with previous research. Implications for the optimal number of observations are discussed, as well as limitations and future directions for research.
A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: II. Demonstration of feasibility
Authors: Compton Michael T. , Anderson Simone , Broussard Beth , Ellis Samantha , Halpern Brooke , Pauselli Luca , O'Neal Marsha , Druss Benjamin G. , Johnson Mark
Published: November 2017

Given fragmentation between mental health and criminal justice systems, we tested the feasibility of implementing a potential new form of pre‐booking jail diversion. Our “linkage system” consists of three steps: (i) individuals with serious mental illnesses and an arrest history give special consent to be enrolled in a statewide database; (ii) if an officer has an encounter with an enrolled patient and runs a routine background check, he or she receives an electronic message to call; and (iii) the “linkage specialist” provides brief telephonic assistance to the officer. Of 206 eligible individuals, 199 (96.6%) opted in, the database received 679 hits, and the linkage specialist received 31 calls (and in at least three cases an arrest was probably averted). The mean number of arrests was 0.59 ± 0.92 in the year before enrollment (38.7% arrested) and 0.48 ± 0.83 during the 12‐month intervention (30.7% arrested). Implementation is feasible, and a signal that the system might reduce incarceration was detected, encouraging development of a larger study.
A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: I. Stakeholders' views on acceptability
Authors: Compton Michael T. , Halpern Brooke , Broussard Beth , Anderson Simone , Smith Kelly , Ellis Samantha , Griffin Kara , Pauselli Luca , Myers Neely
Published: November 2017

The most effective point of intervention to prevent unnecessary arrest/incarceration of persons with serious mental illnesses is the initial encounter with police. We piloted a new police–mental health linkage system. When officers run an enrolled participant's name/identifiers, they receive an electronic message that the person has mental health considerations and that they should call for information. The linkage specialist receives the call and assists telephonically. In this qualitative study to examine acceptability of the linkage system, we conducted nine focus groups with diverse stakeholders (e.g., enrolled patients, officers). Focus groups revealed that patients enrolled with the hope that the linkage system would prevent negative interactions with police and minimize risk of arrest. Officers reported preferring not to arrest mental health patients and were genuinely invested in helping them, and felt that the linkage system might be an additional tool during encounters. Findings revealed acceptability of the intervention, and further research is warranted.
Cold shocks of Anammox biofilm stimulate nitrogen removal at low temperatures
Authors: Kouba V. , Darmal R. , Vejmelkova D. , Jenicek P. , Bartacek J.
Published: November 2017

The adaptation of Anammox (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) to low temperatures (10–15°C) is crucial for sustaining energy‐efficient nitrogen removal from the mainstream of municipal wastewater. But, current adaptation methods take months or even years. To speed up the adaption of Anammox to low temperatures, this study describes a new approach: exposing Anammox microorganisms to an abrupt temporary reduction of temperature, i.e., cold shock. Anammox biomass in a moving bed biofilm reactor was subjected to three consecutive cold shocks (reduction from 24 ± 2 to 5.0 ± 0.2°C), each taking eight hours. Before the cold shocks, Anammox activity determined in ex situ tests using the temperature range of 12.5–19.5°C was 0.005–0.015 kg‐N kg‐VSS−1 day−1. Cold shocks increased the activity of Anammox at 10°C to 0.054 kg‐N kg‐VSS−1 day−1 after the third shock, which is similar to the highest activities obtained for cold‐enriched or adapted Anammox reported in the literature (0.080 kg‐N kg‐VSS−1 day−1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that Ca. Brocadia fulgida was the dominant species. Thus, cold shocks are an intriguing new strategy for the adaptation of Anammox to low temperature. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:277–281, 2018
A comprehensive analysis comparing the eighth AJCC gastric cancer pathological classification to the seventh, sixth, and fifth editions
Authors: Seeruttun Sharvesh Raj , Yuan Shuqiang , Qiu Haibo , Huang Yun , Li Yuanfang , Liang Yao , Guan Yuanxiang , Zhan Youqing , Li Wei , Chen Yingbo , Sun Xiaowei , Xu Dazhi , Zhou Zhiwei
Published: November 2017

To perform a comprehensive analysis comparing the prognostic and discriminative ability of the eighth AJCC gastric cancer (GC) pathological classification to that of the seventh, sixth and fifth editions, and secondly to assess their long‐term significance. Patients who had undergone R0 gastrectomy were identified and restaged accordingly. To evaluate and confirm any difference in prognostic ability between the competing editions, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were computed and compared since both have different analytic strengths. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI based on the time‐dependent receiver‐operating characteristics analyses were also calculated to assess any change in prognostic rankings from the first to tenth postoperative year. The rankings calculated by both statistical methods showed similar results, in which the seventh edition was identified as possessing the best prognostic ability. Additionally, these ranks were found to remain consistent over the ten postoperative years, but demonstrated no clinical significance as their respective 95% CIs calculated by the AIC, BIC, and AUC were found to overlap. However, the more detailed staging classifications of the eighth edition was shown to display the best prognostic demarcation for stratifying patients with higher‐staged disease. This study thereby identified the eighth AJCC GC edition to possess similar long‐term prognostic ability as to its previous three editions but contrastingly demonstrated the best distinctive ability for stratifying overall survival and can thus be considered as being clinically more reliable.
Prognostic value of CD133+CD54+CD44+ circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer with liver metastasis
Authors: Fang Chao , Fan Chuanwen , Wang Cun , Huang Qiaorong , Meng Wentong , Yu Yongyang , Yang Lie , Hu Jiankun , Li Yuan , Mo Xianming , Zhou Zongguang
Published: November 2017

In the previous study, we had showed the expression of CD133+CD54+CD44+ cellular subpopulation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was significantly associated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to explore whether this subpopulation of CTCs have a prognostic value in CRC patients. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of cellular subpopulations of CTCs with CD133, CD54, and CD44 in 152 CRC patients, between December 2013 and October 2014. The impact of clinicopathological factors and the expression of cellular subpopulations of CTCs on overall survival were then analyzed. CRC patients with liver metastases who underwent resection of the primary tumor accompanied by surgical treatment for metastasis had a better survival than other patients (P < 0.001). The liver metastatic CRC patients with high expression of CD133+CD54+ (P < 0.001), CD133−CD54+ (P = 0.004), and CD133+CD44+CD54+ (P = 0.003) cellular subpopulations of CTCs had a worse survival than those patients with low expression. Multivariable survival analyses identified carcinoembryonic antigen levels (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.056; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.354–6.897; P = 0.007), treatment strategy (HR = 0.212; 95% CI = 0.056–0.808; P = 0.023), and CD133+CD44+CD54+ cellular subpopulation of CTCs (HR = 6.459; 95% CI = 1.461–28.558; P = 0.014) as independent prognostic factors for CRC patients with liver metastasis. CD133+CD44+CD54+ cellular subpopulation of CTCs has a prognostic value in CRC patients with liver metastasis, especially in the survival of CRC patients with liver metastasis who did not undergo surgical treatment for metastasis.
Enhanced Permeability and Binding Activity of Isobutylene‐Grafted Peptides
Authors: Sun Shuang , Compañón Ismael , Martínez‐Sáez Nuria , Seixas João D. , Boutureira Omar , Corzana Francisco , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: November 2017

We present a new peptide‐macrocyclization strategy with an isobutylene graft. The reaction is mild and proceeds rapidly and efficiently both for linear and cyclic peptides. The resulting isobutylene‐grafted peptides possess improved passive membrane permeability due to the shielding of the polar backbone of the amides, as demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The isobutylene‐stapled structures are fully stable in human plasma and in the presence of glutathione. This strategy can be applied to bioactive cyclic peptides such as somatostatin. Importantly, we found that structural preorganization forced by the isobutylene graft leads to a significant improvement in binding. The combined advantages of directness, selectivity, and smallness could allow application to peptide macrocyclization based on this attachment of the isobutylene graft.
Unraveling the Nature of the Catalytic Power of Fluoroacetate Dehalogenase
Authors: Miranda‐Rojas Sebastián , Fernández Israel , Kästner Johannes , Toro‐Labbé Alejandro , Mendizábal Fernando
Published: November 2017

Fluoroacetate dehalogenase is able to cleavage a carbon–fluoride bond, the strongest carbon–halogen bond in nature, in a process initiated by a SN2 reaction. The role of the enzyme machinery and particularly of the halogen pocket in the SN2 reaction is thoroughly explored by using state‐of‐the‐art computational tools. A comparison between the non‐catalyzed versus enzyme‐catalyzed reaction, as well as with a mutant of the enzyme (Tyr219Phe), is presented. The energy barrier changes are rationalized by means of reaction force analysis and the activation strain model coupled with energy decomposition analysis. The catalysis is in part caused by the reduction of structural work from bringing the reactant species towards the proper reaction orientation, and the reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the nucleophile and the substrate, which are both negatively charged. In addition, catalysis is also driven by an important reduction of the electronic reorganization processes during the reaction, where Tyr from the halogen pocket acts as a charge acceptor from the SN2 reaction axis therefore reducing the electronic steric repulsion between the reacting parts.
Kinetics and Structural Investigation of Layered Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 as a Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Balasubramanian Prasanth , Mancini Marilena , Geßwein Holger , Geiger Dorin , Axmann Peter , Kaiser Ute , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret
Published: November 2017

Cathode materials with improved safety and energy densities are required for developing next‐generation Li‐ion battery technology. Among different phosphate‐based materials, layered Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 (LVPP) has recently been explored as a high‐voltage cathode. We report the feasibility of multi‐electron reactions and the influence of crystallite size on the electrode kinetics. The mechanism of Li extraction/insertion during charge and discharge is investigated and the structural transformations at high voltages are studied by means of in situ and ex situ analysis. The changes induced by electrochemical Li extraction are found to be reversible during cycling in the potential window of 2–4.6 V, whilst voltage profile changes and capacity fading is observed by charging up to 4.8 V, owing to irreversible phase transition and reduction of the interlayer distance. The findings can be applied for optimizing material synthesis as well as the working conditions in Li‐ion battery applications.
Azidophosphonate Chemistry as a Route for a Novel Class of Vesicle‐Forming Phosphonolipids
Authors: Saha Abhishek , Panda Subhankar , Pradhan Nirmalya , Kalita Kangkan , Trivedi Vishal , Manna Debasis
Published: November 2017

Membrane forming synthetic lipids constitutes a new class of biomaterials with impressive applications in the field of biological and pharmaceutical sciences. Interestingly, alteration(s) in the headgroup region of the lipids offer a wide chemical space to investigate their specific properties. In this regard, we have utilized β‐azidophosphonate chemistry to gain access to a novel class of triazole‐phosphonate (TP) amphiphiles with fascinating physicochemical properties of lipids. TP lipids form stable vesicles that exhibit negative surface potential across a broad pH range. These anionic lipids have high phase‐transition temperatures, phospholipase resistance, slow vesicle leakage profiles, and doxorubicin delivery efficacy. We hypothesize that these readily synthesizable phosphonolipids could find several applications as phospholipid substituents.
An Uncommon Carboxyl‐Decorated Metal–Organic Framework with Selective Gas Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion of CO2
Authors: Li Yong‐Zhi , Wang Hai‐Hua , Yang Hong‐Yun , Hou Lei , Wang Yao‐Yu , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: November 2017

A new three‐dimensional (3D) framework, [Ni(btzip)(H2btzip)]⋅2 DMF⋅2 H2O (1) (H2btzip=4,6‐bis(triazol‐1‐yl)isophthalic acid) as an acidic heterogeneous catalyst was constructed by the reaction of nickel wire and a triazolyl‐carboxyl linker. Framework 1 possesses intersected 2D channels decorated by free COOH groups and uncoordinated triazolyl N atoms, leading to not only high CO2 and C2H6 adsorption capacity but also significant selective capture for CO2 and C2H6 over CH4 and CO in 273–333 K. Moreover, 1 reveals chemical stability toward water. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations confirmed the multiple CO2‐ and C2H6‐philic sites. As a result of the presence of accessible Brønsted acidic COOH groups in the channels, the activated framework demonstrates highly efficient catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with propylene oxide/4‐chloromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one/3‐butoxy‐1,2‐epoxypropane into cyclic carbonates.