bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern Spiritualism
Authors: Podmore Frank
Published: August 2011

Frank Podmore (1856–1910) published Modern Spiritualism in two volumes in 1902. It was the first comprehensive history of the Spiritualist movement. Podmore traces the historical development of Spiritualism from its earliest origins in animal magnetism and alchemy, to its apogee in the early nineteenth century and through to its decline from 1870 onwards, which Podmore associated with the growth of professional psychics and an increase in fraud. Volume 1 covers the key figures of the movement: Paracelsus, Mesmer, Bertrand, Esdaile, and Andrew Jackson Davis. Book 1 focuses on French, English and German Spiritualism and Book 2 on American Spiritualism and its beginnings in Arcadia. The volume includes invaluable accounts of scientific investigations into possession, poltergeists, clairvoyance, and trances. Podmore was a leading member of the Victorian Society for Psychical Research and his work remains an indispensable source for the modern-day historian of nineteenth-century Spiritualism and occult practices.
Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425
Authors: Harper Kyle
Published: August 2011

Capitalizing on the rich historical record of late antiquity, and employing sophisticated methodologies from social and economic history, this book reinterprets the end of Roman slavery. Kyle Harper challenges traditional interpretations of a transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages, arguing instead that a deep divide runs through 'late antiquity', separating the Roman slave system from its early medieval successors. In the process, he covers the economic, social and institutional dimensions of ancient slavery and presents the most comprehensive analytical treatment of a pre-modern slave system now available. By scouring the late antique record, he has uncovered a wealth of new material, providing fresh insights into the ancient slave system, including slavery's role in agriculture and textile production, its relation to sexual exploitation, and the dynamics of social honor. By demonstrating the vitality of slavery into the later Roman empire, the author shows that Christianity triumphed amidst a genuine slave society.
Phylogenetic Networks
Authors: Huson Daniel H. , Rupp Regula , Scornavacca Celine
Published: August 2011

The evolutionary history of species is traditionally represented using a rooted phylogenetic tree. However, when reticulate events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer or recombination are believed to be involved, phylogenetic networks that can accommodate non-treelike evolution have an important role to play. This book provides the first interdisciplinary overview of phylogenetic networks. Beginning with a concise introduction to both phylogenetic trees and phylogenetic networks, the fundamental concepts and results are then presented for both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic networks. Current approaches and algorithms available for computing phylogenetic networks from different types of datasets are then discussed, accompanied by examples of their application to real biological datasets. The book also summarises the algorithms used for drawing phylogenetic networks, along with the existing software for their computation and evaluation. All datasets, examples and other additional information and links are available from the book's companion website at www.phylogenetic-networks.org.
Space and Sculpture in the Classic Maya City
Authors: Parmington Alexander
Published: August 2011

In this book, Alexander Parmington examines how images, texts and architectural form controlled and channelled movement of particular sets of people through various precincts in Classic Maya cities. Using Palenque as a case study, this book analyses specific building groups and corresponding sculptures to provide insight into the hierarchical distribution and use of ritual and administrative space in temple and palace architecture. Identifying which spaces were the most accessible and most public, and which spaces were segregated and highly private, Dr Parmington demonstrates how sculptural, iconographic and hieroglyphic content varies considerably when found in public/common or private/elite space. Drawing on specific examples from the Classic Maya and other early civilisations, he demonstrates that by examining the intent in the distribution of architecture and art, the variation and function of the artistic themes represented in sculpture and other monumental works of art can be better understood.
Austral English
Authors: Morris Edward Ellis
Published: August 2011

Edward Morris (1843–1902), Professor of Modern Languages at Melbourne University, contributed material on 'words peculiar to Australia' to the OED. He expanded that research into this dictionary of the English spoken in Australasia, first published in 1898. Morris was able to draw on existing scholarly studies of Maori loan words in the language of settlers in New Zealand, but was the first to give detailed attention to the influence of Australian Aboriginal languages and list early appearances in English of words such as 'cooee' and 'boomerang'. The book also includes English words that developed Australasia-specific meanings to describe local flora, fauna and social conditions, and new scientific words such as 'eucalypt'. Morris' pioneering work provides unique insights into the development of English in Australia and New Zealand, and remains of interest not only to linguists but also to historians of Australasia and the British empire in the late Victorian period.
An Authentic Account of the Embassy of the Dutch East-India Company, to the Court of the Emperor of China, in the Years 1794 and 1795
Authors: Braam Houckgeest André Everard van
Published: August 2011

First published in French in Philadelphia in 1797 and translated into English for the London edition of 1798 reissued here, this travelogue by André Everard van Braam Houckgeest (1739–1801) was received with enthusiasm by readers hungry for exotic accounts of distant lands. It vividly describes a visit to the Chinese imperial court by a delegation from the Dutch East India Company soon after the British Macartney embassy, and delivers a rare glimpse of an unfamiliar landscape and culture. Fascinated by his experiences en route from Canton to Beijing and at the Summer Palace, van Braam records that he thought it 'far better to lose a few hours rest, than to let a single remarkable object escape me'. Volume 1 follows the expedition's journey from Canton to Uoitime, and includes notes on special terms and important cultural concepts, a 'correct chart' of the route taken and a full itinerary.
Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks Bart., K.B., P.R.S.
Authors: Banks Joseph
Published: August 2011

Sir Joseph Banks (1743–1820) was a British botanist and one of the most influential scientific patrons of the eighteenth century. After inheriting a fortune on the death of his father in 1761, Banks devoted his life to studying natural history. His fame following his participation in Captain Cook's epic voyage on the Endeavour between 1768 and 1771 led to his election as President of the Royal Society in 1778, a post which he then held until his death. This volume, first published in 1896, contains Banks' account of the voyage of the Endeavour across the Pacific Ocean. Edited by the great botanist Sir Joseph Hooker, it describes in fascinating detail the peoples, cultures and wildlife Banks encountered in Tahiti, New Zealand and Australia. Banks' aptitude as a natural historian and the crucial role he played in cataloguing and illustrating exotic wildlife during the expedition are emphasised in the work.
History of the Pirates Who Infested the China Sea from 1807 to 1810
Authors: Yüan Yung-Lun
Published: August 2011

Piracy on the coast of China in the nineteenth century inflicted chaos and serious economic damage, with large mobs of bandits attacking coastal villages as well as wreaking havoc at sea. Yung-lun Yüan's account of this period, published in Chinese in 1830 and in English in 1831, is a colourful depiction of the pirate scourge. Interwoven with the narratives of the pirates themselves as well as those of the courageous civilians who resisted them, the text describes the organisation and rules of the pirates as well as the authorities' attempts to broker peace. Also included is Sir John Dalrymple Hay's account of battling pirates in the 1840s, first published in 1849. Hay (1821–1912) describes his tenure as a British naval commander struggling to suppress piracy. As well as providing a naval perspective on the pirate problem, Hay recounts numerous anecdotes of daring and heroism on the seas.
Understanding Sponsored Search
Authors: Jansen Jim
Published: August 2011

This book addresses the underlying foundational elements, both theoretical and methodological, of sponsored search. As such, the contents are less affected by the ever-changing implementation aspects of technology. Rather than focusing on the how, this book examines what causes the how. Why do certain keywords work, while others do not? Why does that ad work well, when others that are similar do not? Why does a key phrase cost a given amount? Why do we measure what we do in keyword advertising? This book speaks to that curiosity to understand why we do what we do in sponsored search. The content flows through the major components of any sponsored search effort, regardless of the underlying technology or client or product. The book addresses keywords, ads, consumers, pricing, competitors, analytics, branding, marketing and advertising, integrating these separate components into an incorporated whole. The focus is on the critical elements, with ample illustrations and with enough detail to lead the interested reader to further inquiry.
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora
Authors: Hooker Joseph Dalton
Published: August 2011

Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), botanist, explorer, and director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, is chiefly remembered as a close friend and colleague of Darwin, his publications on geographical distribution of plants supporting Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. In 1839 Hooker became an assistant surgeon on HMS Erebus during Ross' Antarctic expedition. The boat wintered along the New Zealand coast, Tasmania and the Falkland Islands, enabling Hooker to collect over 700 plant species. Drawing heavily on Hooker's illustrated Flora Novae Zelandiae (1854–1855), this two-volume work (1864–1867) contains a comprehensive list of New Zealand plant species as well as those of the Chatham, Kermadec, Auckland, Campbell and Macquarrie Islands. As the first major study of New Zealand flora, Hooker's handbook remained the authority on the subject for half a century. Volume 1 begins Hooker's exhaustive list of species encountered during his three-year voyage.
Labour and Industry in Australia
Authors: Coghlan T. A.
Published: August 2011

Sir Timothy Coghlan (1855–1926) was the statistician for New South Wales from 1886. He produced the world's first example of national financial accounts, and is regarded as Australia's first 'mandarin'. His advice was sought by state and federal governments on matters as diverse as tax, public sanitation and infant mortality. In 1905 he took up an appointment as a New South Wales government agent in London, remaining there for the rest of his life. First published in 1918, this monumental book is Coghlan's very personal history of Australia, embracing materials, population growth, trade and land. Population growth and its importance for economic prosperity had always interested Coghlan. In Volume 1, he emphasizes the initial difficulties presented to economic growth by a population consisting mostly of convicts. With many statistical data, he also explores early immigration, trade, land distribution and attempts at agriculture.
Excursions in and about Newfoundland, during the Years 1839 and 1840
Authors: Jukes Joseph Beete
Published: August 2011

Joseph Beete Jukes (1811–1869) was a geologist who studied at Cambridge under the famous Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873) and eventually became a prominent member of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. In 1839, after many field expeditions in England, he was appointed to a survey of Newfoundland, a place about which he had until then been in 'utter ignorance'. The explorers failed to find the hoped-for mineral wealth they had been sent to prospect for, and returned to Britain. In 1841 Jukes joined the H.M.S. Fly as a naturalist for an upcoming expedition to chart the coasts of Australia and New Guinea. The Fly set sail for the Pacific in 1842, the year in which this two-volume account of Jukes' Newfoundland experiences was published. Volume 1 describes Jukes' arrival in Newfoundland, its rugged landscapes, and life in the fishing communities of this harsh North Atlantic outpost.
A Catalogue Raisonné of Works on the Occult Sciences
Authors: Gardner F. Leigh , Westcott William Wynn
Published: August 2011

Frederick Leigh Gardner (1857–1930) was a well-known British occultist who belonged to societies including the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, the Freemasons, the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia and the Theosophical Society. Born to spiritualist parents, Gardner worked as a stockbroker and later became an antiquarian bookseller. He planned a detailed catalogue of books on the occult sciences to cover Rosicrucian, astrological, Masonic and alchemical writings. Volume 4 was never published; the others were printed privately between 1903 and 1912 in runs of 300 copies each, and reprinted in 1923. This single-volume reissue of Gardner's important reference work contains the first editions of all three volumes, including the now extremely rare Volume 3. Introductions by Gardner's friend William Wynn Westcott (1848–1925), coroner, ceremonial magician, and Supreme Magus of the Rosicrucians of England, respectively cover the history of the Rosicrucians, the history of astrology, and English Masonic Lodge histories.
Signal Processing and Optimization for Transceiver Systems
Authors: Vaidyanathan P. P. , Phoong See-May , Lin Yuan-Pei
Published: August 2011

Presenting the first complete treatment of MIMO transceiver optimization, this self-contained book provides all the mathematical information needed to understand transceiver optimization in a single volume. It begins with a review of digital communication fundamentals, and then moves on to a detailed study of joint transceiver optimization, starting from simple single-input single-output channels all the way to minimum bit error rate transceivers for MIMO channels. Crucial background material is covered, such as Schur convex functions, matrix calculus, and constrained optimization, together with eight appendices providing further background material on topics such as matrix theory, random processes, and sampling theory. A final ninth appendix provides a grand summary of all the optimization results. With 360 illustrations, over 70 worked examples, and numerous summary tables provided to aid understanding of key concepts, this book is ideal for graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of communications and signal processing.
A Diary in America
Authors: Marryat Frederick
Published: August 2011

Captain Frederick Marryat (1792–1848) was a distinguished naval officer, today best remembered as a novelist (particularly of stories for children), often drawing on his own experiences. He also edited a radical journal, and wrote non-fiction, including an attack on press-gangs, which damaged his career. He spent 1837 and 1838 travelling in North America, publishing his impressions in this unstructured six-volume 'diary' in 1839. He states that the number of contradictory and often trivial accounts of American life being published made him want to see the New World for himself. He found it impossible to make generalisations, given the size of the country and the different origins of new arrivals, and did not believe America would become a nation for many years. Volume 2 covers such topics as language, the prison system and the army.
A Diary in America
Authors: Marryat Frederick
Published: August 2011

Captain Frederick Marryat (1792–1848) was a distinguished naval officer, today best remembered as a novelist (particularly of stories for children), often drawing on his own experiences. He also edited a radical journal, and wrote non-fiction, including an attack on press-gangs, which damaged his career. He spent 1837 and 1838 travelling in North America, publishing his impressions in this unstructured six-volume 'diary' in 1839. He states that the number of contradictory and often trivial accounts of American life being published made him want to see the New World for himself. He found it impossible to make generalisations, given the size of the country and the different origins of new arrivals, and did not believe America would become a nation for many years. Volume 4 discusses immigration, and American authors and journalists.
The Great Republic
Authors: Griffin Lepel Henry
Published: August 2011

Sir Lepel Henry Griffin (1838–1908) was a British administrator and diplomat in the Indian Civil Service. Beginning in Lahore in 1860, his career in India spanned nearly thirty years until he resigned in 1889 and began a new life in commerce and finance. In 1884 Griffin published The Great Republic, a stinging critique of the United States. Consisting partly of articles which had already appeared in the Fortnightly Review, Griffin's book was intended to warn Englishmen, particularly Liberals, of 'the political methods of America which strike me as thoroughly bad and corrupt'. His chief accusation was that the American political system had put power into the hands of the uneducated masses. He also condemned Americans' love of materialism, their 'philistinism', and the anti-English sentiment which he had encountered during his three-week stay there. Controversial in its day, his book is a fascinating document in the history of Anglo-American relations.
Retrotransposons that maintain chromosome ends
Authors: Pardue Mary-Lou , DeBaryshe P. G.
Published: August 2011

Reverse transcriptases have shaped genomes in many ways. A remarkable example of this shaping is found on telomeres of the genus
Drosophila
, where retrotransposons have a vital role in chromosome structure.
Drosophila
lacks telomerase; instead, three telomere-specific retrotransposons maintain chromosome ends. Repeated transpositions to chromosome ends produce long head to tail arrays of these elements. In both form and function, these arrays are analogous to the arrays of repeats added by telomerase to chromosomes in other organisms. Distantly related
Drosophila
exhibit this variant mechanism of telomere maintenance, which was established before the separation of extant
Drosophila
species. Nevertheless, the telomere-specific elements still have the hallmarks that characterize non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons; they have also acquired characteristics associated with their roles at telomeres. These telomeric retrotransposons have shaped the
Drosophila
genome, but they have also been shaped by the genome. Here, we discuss ways in which these three telomere-specific retrotransposons have been modified for their roles in
Drosophila
chromosomes.
Efficient generation of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vectors
Authors: Ban Hiroshi , Nishishita Naoki , Fusaki Noemi , Tabata Toshiaki , Saeki Koichi , Shikamura Masayuki , Takada Nozomi , Inoue Makoto , Hasegawa Mamoru , Kawamata Shin , Nishikawa Shin-Ichi
Published: August 2011

After the first report of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), considerable efforts have been made to develop more efficient methods for generating iPSCs without foreign gene insertions. Here we show that Sendai virus vector, an RNA virus vector that carries no risk of integrating into the host genome, is a practical solution for the efficient generation of safer iPSCs. We improved the Sendai virus vectors by introducing temperature-sensitive mutations so that the vectors could be easily removed at nonpermissive temperatures. Using these vectors enabled the efficient production of viral/factor-free iPSCs from both human fibroblasts and CD34
+
cord blood cells. Temperature-shift treatment was more effective in eliminating remaining viral vector-related genes. The resulting iPSCs expressed human embryonic stem cell markers and exhibited pluripotency. We suggest that generation of transgene-free iPSCs from cord blood cells should be an important step in providing allogeneic iPSC-derived therapy in the future.
Selection of HSV capsids for envelopment involves interaction between capsid surface components pU
L
31, pU
L
17, and pU
L
25
Authors: Yang Kui , Baines Joel D.
Published: August 2011

During egress from the nucleus, HSV capsids that contain DNA (termed C capsids) are preferentially enveloped at the inner nuclear membrane over capsid types lacking DNA. Using coimmunoprecipitation and biochemical analyses of wild-type and mutant capsids, we identify an interaction between a complex of pU
L
17/pU
L
25, termed the C capsid-specific complex (CCSC), and pU
L
31, a component of the nuclear egress complex (NEC). We also show that the interactions between these components are dependent on expression of all three proteins but occur independently of the pU
L
31 interacting protein and NEC component pU
L
34, as well as a kinase encoded by U
S
3 that phosphorylates both pU
L
31 and pU
L
34. The interaction between the CCSC and pU
L
31 in the NEC suggests a mechanism to conserve viral resources by promoting assembly of only those viral particles with the potential to become infectious.
Tree-structured algorithm for long weak motif discovery
Authors: Sun He Quan , Low Malcolm Yoke Hean , Hsu Wen Jing , Tan Ching Wai , Rajapakse Jagath C.
Published: August 2011

Motivation: Motifs in DNA sequences often appear in degenerate form, so there has been an increased interest in computational algorithms for weak motif discovery. Probabilistic algorithms are unable to detect weak motifs while exact methods have been able to detect only short weak motifs. This article proposes an exact tree-based motif detection (TreeMotif) algorithm capable of discovering longer and weaker motifs than by the existing methods.

Results: TreeMotif converts the graphical representation of motifs into a tree-structured representation in which a tree that branches with nodes from every sequence represents motif instances. The method of tree construction is novel to motif discovery based on graphical representation. TreeMotif is more efficient and scalable in handling longer and weaker motifs than the existing algorithms in terms of accuracy and execution time. The performances of TreeMotif were demonstrated on synthetic data as well as on real biological data.

Availability:  https://sites.google.com/site/shqssw/treemotif

Contact:  sunh0013@e.ntu.edu.sg

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Automatic extraction of angiogenesis bioprocess from text
Authors: Wang Xinglong , McKendrick Iain , Barrett Ian , Dix Ian , French Tim , Tsujii Jun'ichi , Ananiadou Sophia
Published: August 2011

Motivation: Understanding key biological processes (bioprocesses) and their relationships with constituent biological entities and pharmaceutical agents is crucial for drug design and discovery. One way to harvest such information is searching the literature. However, bioprocesses are difficult to capture because they may occur in text in a variety of textual expressions. Moreover, a bioprocess is often composed of a series of bioevents, where a bioevent denotes changes to one or a group of cells involved in the bioprocess. Such bioevents are often used to refer to bioprocesses in text, which current techniques, relying solely on specialized lexicons, struggle to find.

Results: This article presents a range of methods for finding bioprocess terms and events. To facilitate the study, we built a gold standard corpus in which terms and events related to angiogenesis, a key biological process of the growth of new blood vessels, were annotated. Statistics of the annotated corpus revealed that over 36% of the text expressions that referred to angiogenesis appeared as events. The proposed methods respectively employed domain-specific vocabularies, a manually annotated corpus and unstructured domain-specific documents. Evaluation results showed that, while a supervised machine-learning model yielded the best precision, recall and F1 scores, the other methods achieved reasonable performance and less cost to develop.

Availability: The angiogenesis vocabularies, gold standard corpus, annotation guidelines and software described in this article are available at http://text0.mib.man.ac.uk/~mbassxw2/angiogenesis/

Contact:  xinglong.wang@gmail.com
Ensuring representative economic data: survey data-collection methods in France for implementing the Common Fisheries Policy
Authors: Van Iseghem Sylvie , Quillérou Emmanuelle , Brigaudeau Cécile , Macher Claire , Guyader Olivier , Daurès Fabienne
Published: August 2011

Van Iseghem, S., Quillérou, E., Brigaudeau, C., Macher, C., Guyader, O., and Daurès, F. 2011. Ensuring representative economic data: survey data-collection methods in France for implementing the Common Fisheries Policy. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1792–1799. Since 2001, Ifremer has implemented an economic data collection programme (EDCP) within the Data Collection Framework of the EU. It aims to obtain economic data from a sample of vessels representative of the entire French fishing fleet. This paper presents the strategies used for vessel sampling selection in the French EDCP and its implementation over several consecutive years. The approach is illustrated by the sampling plan for the fleet in the North Sea Channel Atlantic region. We show that the EDCP allows precise economic indicators such as gross revenue or fuel costs to be estimated for the whole fishing fleet, including small vessels (<10 m), and consequently, it facilitates sound scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. The apparent underestimation of landings by small vessels in official statistics is highlighted.
Erythrobacter pelagi sp. nov., a member of the family

Erythrobacteraceae

isolated from the Red Sea
Authors: Wu Hui-xian , Lai Pok Yui , Lee On On , Zhou Xiao-jian , Miao Li , Wang Hao , Qian Pei-Yuan
Published: August 2011

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-sporulating, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain UST081027-248T, was isolated from seawater of the Red Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain UST081027-248T fell within the genus

Erythrobacter

. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and the type strains of

Erythrobacter

species ranged from 95.3 % (with

Erythrobacter gangjinensis

) to 98.2 % (with

Erythrobacter citreus

). However, levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain UST081027-248T and the type strains of closely related species were below 70 %. Optimal growth of the isolate occurred in the presence of 2.0 % NaCl, at pH 8.0–9.0 and at 28–36 °C. The isolate did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C17 : 1ω6c, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) and C15 : 0 2-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain UST081027-248T was 60.4 mol%. Phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness clearly indicated that strain UST081027-248T represents a novel species of the genus

Erythrobacter

, for which the name Erythrobacter pelagi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UST081027-248T ( = JCM 17468T = NRRL 59511T).
Celeribacter baekdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended description of the genus

Celeribacter

Ivanova et al. 2010
Authors: Lee Soo-Young , Park Sooyeon , Oh Tae-Kwang , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: August 2011

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated L-6T, was isolated from seawater of Baekdo harbour of the East Sea in Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic study. Strain L-6T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.5–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain L-6T formed a cluster with the type strain of

Celeribacter neptunius

at a bootstrap resampling value of 100 %. Strain L-6T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.7 % to

C. neptunius

H 14T and of less than 96.2 % to the type strains of other species used in the phylogenetic analysis. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain L-6T was 60.9 mol%. The predominant ubiquinone found in strain L-6T and

C. neptunius

CIP 109922T was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The predominant fatty acid of strain L-6T and

C. neptunius

CIP 109922T was C18 : 1ω7c. The major polar lipids of strain L-6T were phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain L-6T and

C. neptunius

CIP 109922T was 17 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain L-6T is distinguishable from

C. neptunius

. On the basis of the data presented, strain L-6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Celeribacter

, for which the name Celeribacter baekdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is L-6T ( = KCTC 23497T  = CCUG 60799T).
Cellulophaga geojensis sp. nov., a member of the family

Flavobacteriaceae

isolated from marine sand
Authors: Park Sooyeon , Oh Ki-Hoon , Lee Soo-Young , Oh Tae-Kwang , Yoon Jung-Hoon
Published: August 2011

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming, motile (by gliding) bacterial strain, designated M-M6T, was isolated from marine sand of Geoje island, Korea. Strain M-M6T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain M-M6T fell within the clade comprising

Cellulophaga

species, forming a coherent cluster with

Cellulophaga lytica

ATCC 23178T and

Cellulophaga fucicola

NN015860T, with which it shared 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.1 and 98.2 %, respectively. Sequence similarities between strain M-M6T and the type strains of other recognized

Cellulophaga

species were in the range 92.4–93.8 %. Strain M-M6T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, and C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain M-M6T and the type strains of

C. lytica

and

C. fucicola

were two unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content of strain M-M6T was 35.4 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain M-M6T and

C. lytica

JCM 8516T and

C. fucicola

JCM 21778T were 33 and 35 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness distinguished strain M-M6T from all recognized

Cellulophaga

species. On the basis of the data presented, strain M-M6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus

Cellulophaga

, for which the name Cellulophaga geojensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M-M6T ( = KCTC 23498T = CCUG 60801T).
Flavobacterium chilense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium araucananum sp. nov., isolated from farmed salmonid fish
Authors: Kämpfer P. , Lodders N. , Martin K. , Avendaño-Herrera R.
Published: August 2011

Three Gram-staining-negative non-endospore-forming strains were isolated from farmed fish in Chile: one (LM-09-FpT) from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the others (LM-19-FpT and LM-20-Fp) from two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that all three isolates belonged to the genus

Flavobacterium

. In these analyses, strain LM-09-FpT appeared most closely related to the type strains of

Flavobacterium chungangense

(98.5 % sequence similarity),

Flavobacterium glaciei

(98.2 %),

Flavobacterium aquidurense

(97.6 %),

Flavobacterium saccharophilum

(97.6 %) and

Flavobacterium hercynium

(97.6 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains LM-19-FpT and LM-20-Fp were found to be identical and most similar to the corresponding sequences of the type strains of

Flavobacterium aquidurense

(98.6 %),

Flavobacterium frigidimaris

(98.5 %),

Flavobacterium hercynium

(97.9 %),

Flavobacterium saccharophilum

(97.7 %) and

Flavobacterium pectinovorum

(97.7 %). For each of the three novel strains, menaquinone (MK-6) was the predominant respiratory quinone and the major compounds in the polar lipid profile were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylserine and two or three unknown lipids. The fatty acid profile of each strain, which comprised major amounts of iso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) as well as smaller amounts of various hydroxylated fatty acids (e.g. iso-C16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 3-OH and C15 : 0 3-OH), indicated that each belonged to the genus

Flavobacterium

. Based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics and the results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, which showed relatively low levels of relatedness between the novel strains and the most closely related

Flavobacterium

species, strain LM-09-FpT ( = LMG 26360T = CCM 7940T) represents a novel species within the genus

Flavobacterium

, for which the name Flavobacterium chilense sp. nov. is proposed, and strains LM-19-FpT ( = LMG 26359T = CCM 7939T) and LM-20-Fp ( = LMG 26331) represent a second novel species within the same genus, for which the name Flavobacterium araucananum sp. nov. is proposed.
Nonomuraea
jiangxiensis sp. nov., isolated from acidic soil
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhang Limin , Ding Yun , Gao Yongsheng , Ruan Jisheng , Huang Ying
Published: August 2011

An actinomycete, designated FXJ1.102T, was isolated from acidic soil collected in Jiangxi Province, south-east China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FXJ1.102T belonged to the genus

Nonomuraea

and was most closely related to

Nonomuraea candida

HMC10T,

Nonomuraea turkmeniaca

DSM 43926T,

Nonomuraea antimicrobica

YIM 61105T and ‘Nonomuraea
aegyptia’ S136 (98.9, 98.3, 97.9 and 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). The morphological characteristics were typical of the genus

Nonomuraea

. The chemotaxonomic properties, such as cell-wall chemotype IIIB, phospholipid type IV, MK-9(H4) as the major menaquinone and iso-C16 : 0 (22.2 %) as the major fatty acid, supported the assignment of the strain to the genus

Nonomuraea

. DNA–DNA relatedness and physiological tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain FXJ1.102T from its closest phylogenetic relatives. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Nonomuraea
jiangxiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FXJ1.102T ( = CGMCC 4.6533T = NBRC 106679T).
Fusibacter tunisiensis sp. nov., isolated from an anaerobic reactor used to treat olive-mill wastewater
Authors: Ben Hania Wajdi , Fraj Belkis , Postec Anne , Fadhlaoui Khaled , Hamdi Moktar , Ollivier Bernard , Fardeau Marie-Laure
Published: August 2011

Strain BELH1T, a novel mesophilic, anaerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a Tunisian wastewater digester. The cells of the strain are motile, measure 0.5×2–5 µm, and occur singly or in pairs. The strain reduced thiosulfate and elemental sulfur (but not sulfate or sulfite) into sulfide. It grew at 15–40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 5.8–8.4 (optimum 7) and with 0–10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BELH1T was 38.2 mol% and the strain’s predominant cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, a summed feature that contained iso-C17 : 1 and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B, and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strain was most closely related to

Fusibacter paucivorans

(94.8 % sequence similarity). Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics, strain BELH1T represents a novel species of the genus

Fusibacter

, for which the name Fusibacter tunisiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BELH1T ( = DSM 24436T = JCM 17481T).
Marininema mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermoactinomycete isolated from deep sea sediment, and emended description of the family

Thermoactinomycetaceae
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Guang-Tao , Yang Jian , Tian Xin-Peng , Wang Fa-Zuo , Zhang Chang Sheng , Zhang Si , Li Wen-Jun
Published: August 2011

A novel filamentous bacterium, strain SCSIO 10219T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea (113° 3.752′ E 18° 1.722′ N) at a depth of 2105 m. Growth was observed at 25–35 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0–7.0). The organism formed yellow–white colonies with radial wrinkles. Aerial mycelium was not produced on any of the growth media tested. Phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain SCSIO 10219T belongs to the family

Thermoactinomycetaceae

. The strain contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and five unknown phospholipids. Major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 46.5 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic properties and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, it is proposed that this strain represents a novel species in a new genus, Marininema mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., in the family

Thermoactinomycetaceae

. The type strain of the type species is SCSIO 10219T ( = CCTCC AA 2011006T = DSM 45610T). In addition, we propose that the description of the family

Thermoactinomycetaceae

should be further emended based on the present study.
Citeromyces hawaiiensis sp. nov., an ascosporic yeast associated with Myoporum sandwicense
Authors: Kurtzman Cletus P.
Published: August 2011

Citeromyces hawaiiensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-11581T  = CBS 12303T, type strain) is described from 12 strains isolated from flux of the sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense) and adjacent soil in Hawaii, USA. Analyses of gene sequences from the D1/D2 domains of nuclear large subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA and translation elongation factor-1α each separated the proposed novel species from Citeromyces
matritensis and Citeromyces
siamensis, the other known species of the genus Citeromyces. The three species are morphologically similar but they can be separated by growth reactions in standard assimilation tests. An additional strain of Citeromyces
siamensis (NRRL Y-11788), a species previously known only from Thailand, was obtained from spoiled condensed milk in Ohio, USA.
Weather index‐based insurances for farmers in the North China Plain
Authors: Erec Heimfarth Leif , Musshoff Oliver
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which weather index‐based insurances can contribute to reducing shortfall risks of revenues of a representative average farm that produces corn or wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The geographical basis risk is quantified to analyze the spatial dependency of weather patterns between established weather stations in the area and locations where the local weather patterns are unknown.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are based on the Statistical Yearbook of China and the Chinese Meteorological Administration. Methods of insurance valuation are burn analysis and index value simulation. Risk reduction is measured non‐parametrically and parametrically by the change of the standard deviation and the value at risk of revenues. The geographical basis risk is quantified by setting up a decorrelation function.

Findings

Results suggest significant differences in the potential risk reduction between corn and wheat when using insurance based on a precipitation index. The spatial analysis suggests a potential to expand the insurance around a reference weather station up to community level.

Research limitations/implications

Findings are limited by a weak database in China and, in particular, by the unavailability of individual farm data. Moreover, the low density of weather stations currently limits the examination of the approach in a broader context.

Practical implications

The risk reduction potential of the proposed insurance is encouraging. From a policy point of view, the approach used here can support the adjustment of insurers towards different crops.

Originality/value

This paper is believed to be the first that investigates a weather index‐based insurance designed for an average farm in the NCP and the quantification of geographical basis risk.
Sequential investment and delay: an agribusiness firm case study
Authors: Hachicha Sameh , Kaaniche Leila , Abid Fathi
Published: August 2011

Purpose

Investment decisions by agribusiness firms are costly and subject to high volatility and uncertainty. In many cases, the project value is not only determined by its cash‐flows stream and financial side effects but also by the presence of substantial future uncertainty such as project implementation delay and growth opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an agribusiness project taking into account these two options and to illustrate the how risks that evolve over time can affect sequential investment decisions in the oleic oil industry in Tunisia.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used to capture the investment project value and analyze the impact of lags between the initial investment decision and its implementation on project value is based on a decision tree method and binomial lattice method (which adds growth option). The project valuation is based, first on actual data at the time of the initial decision and second the authors use the full information to report on the true value of the investment opportunity as real time evolved.

Findings

Findings show that time to build is a very important factor in valuing an agribusiness especially when efficiency is strongly governed by climatic conditions and international market uncertainty. Our real options approach shows that production delays can deteriorate the follow‐on project value by as much as 53 percent. The implicit growth option falls to only 27 percent of the total project value while it was about 58 percent according to the standard forecast. The delay in project implementation not only affects the firm project financing costs and the loss of revenue, but also it contributes to modify the initial marketing strategy.

Originality/value

The paper is a first application of real option approach to the oleic oil industry. The methodology used in the paper can be adapted by practitioners and investors to adequately value oleic projects.
Job‐related skill heterogeneity and action team performance
Authors: De La Torre‐Ruiz José M. , Aragón‐Correa J. Alberto , Ferrón‐Vílchez Vera
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on job‐related skill heterogeneity and action team performance by considering that team members may differ in the levels of their job‐related skill, as well as in the way their job‐related skill is spread over the different dimensions of the task.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were used from 30 National Basketball Association (NBA) teams collected over 21 seasons (1986/1987 through 2006/2007). The total number of team‐seasons analyzed was 584.

Findings

A positive relationship was found between job‐skill level heterogeneity and action team performance that declines as average job‐skill level in the team grows. Furthermore, action teams showed poorer performance when their members with a low job‐related skill level have a high specialization.

Practical implications

From the practical perspective, it is of special interest to an action team manager to know that job‐related skill heterogeneity has a positive influence on team performance – mainly when the average job‐related skill level in the team is low – and that highly specialized members may have a negative influence on action team performance.

Originality/value

The results contribute to the team literature by focusing on action teams. This kind of team has not received attention despite their increasing importance within organizations. Additionally, using sports teams as a sample offers the possibility of gathering a large amount of objective job‐related skill data as well as the possibility of testing hypotheses in a relatively controlled environment, but with real actions instead of experimental actions.
Balancing exploration and exploitation of knowledge through an unlearning context
Authors: Gabriel Cegarra‐Navarro Juan , Sánchez‐Vidal M. Eugenia , Cegarra‐Leiva David
Published: August 2011

Purpose

SMEs may be trapped in a suboptimal stable equilibrium, as many overloaded managers are cutting back on their resources and may be over‐investing in the development of exploration and exploitation processes rather than investing in mechanisms to facilitate an unlearning context. This paper proposes an unlearning context to manage an appropriate balance between exploratory processes and exploitative processes.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper examines the relationship between and significance of two key factors of organisational learning (the exploration and exploitation of knowledge) within an unlearning context, and their effects on the improvement of the performance of SMEs. These relationships are examined through an empirical investigation of 229 SMEs in the Spanish metal sector.

Findings

The results indicate that the effects of exploration and exploitation of knowledge on organizational performance are mediated through an unlearning context.

Originality/value

The findings provide interesting insights into the drivers of organizational performance for SMEs using an unlearning context. SMEs need to provide for and support changes of perspective, of individual habits and in the framework for consolidating emergent understandings.
Security analysts' earnings forecasts as a measure of firm performance
Authors: Sambharya Rakesh B.
Published: August 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the domain of security analysts' earnings forecasts as a valid measure of firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey instrument was developed and sent to 1,350 security analysts to ascertain the criteria they used in evaluating firm performance.

Findings

Factor analysis indicates strong support for organizational level variables, such as top management, CEO ability, corporate culture, size as opposed to environment and industry level variables.

Research limitations/implications

The domain of security analysts' earnings forecasts is broader than traditional accounting‐ and market‐based measures and more closely matches the realm of the strategic management field.

Practical implications

The study presents new evidence that key organizational variables influence security analysts' earnings forecasts.

Originality/value

The present study is the first to the best of one's knowledge that ascertains the factors that security analysts utilize in making earnings forecasts for the firms they follow.