bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biklf/klf17-deficient zebrafish in posterior lateral line neuromast and hatching gland development
Authors: Suzuki Hiroaki , Ishizaka Tomoe , Yanagi Kanoko , Sone Ryota , Sunaga Yuto , Ohga Rie , Kawahara Atsuo
Published: September 2019

Krüpple-like factors (Klfs) are highly conserved zinc-finger transcription factors that regulate various developmental processes, such as haematopoiesis and cardiovascular development. In zebrafish, transient knockdown analysis of biklf/klf17 using antisense morpholino suggests the involvement of biklf/klf17 in primitive erythropoiesis and hatching gland development; however, the continuous physiological importance of klf17 remains uncharacterized under the genetic ablation of the klf17 gene among vertebrates. We established the klf17-disrupted zebrafish lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and performed phenotypic analysis throughout early embryogenesis. We found that the klf17-deficient embryos exhibited abnormal lateral line neuromast deposition, whereas the production of primitive erythrocytes and haemoglobin production were observed in the klf17-deficient embryos. The expression of lateral line neuromast genes, klf17 and s100t, in the klf17-deficient embryos was detected in posterior lateral line neuromasts abnormally positioned at short intervals. Furthermore, the klf17-deficient embryos failed to hatch and died without hatching around 15 days post-fertilization (dpf), whereas the dechorionated klf17-deficient embryos and wild-type embryos were alive at 15 dpf. The klf17-deficient embryos abolished hatching gland cells and Ctsl1b protein expression, and eliminated the expression of polster and hatching gland marker genes, he1.1, ctsl1b and cd63. Thus, the klf17 gene plays important roles in posterior lateral line neuromast and hatching gland development.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Shenzhen, China, 2015–2018
Authors: Tao Jian , Zhang Weimin , Yue Huakui , Zhu Guohun , Wu Wenyuan , Gong Wenbo , Fang Honghui , He Guirong , Hu Xiaoyun , Zhao Hongyue , Liu Aiqin
Published: September 2019

China has nearly 10% of the general HBV carrier population in the world; this infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Understanding HBV epidemiology is essential for future infection control, evaluation, and treatment. This study determined the prevalence of HBV infection in Shenzhen by serological testing and analysis in 282,166 HBV screening cases for the following: HBcAb, indicative of previous HBV infection; HBsAg, indicative of chronic (current) infection; HBsAb, indicative of immunity from vaccination; and 34,368 HBV etiological screening cases for HBV-DNA, indicative of virus carriage, in which 1,204 cases were genotyped and mutation analyzed for drug-resistance evaluation. Shenzhen was a highly endemic area of HBV throughout the study period (prevalence 9.69%). HBV infections were almost entirely in the 20 and older age groups with a male-to-female ratio of 1.16:1 which is approximately the same as the male-to-female ratio of the general population in China. However, only 71.25% of the general population retained HBV immune protection. Genotype B and C were identified as the most common agents; recombinant B/C and B/D also existed; some cases, however, could not be genotyped. NAs resistant mutation occurrence patterns were multitudinous; single mutation patterns of rtM204I/V and rtL180M occurrences accounted for majority, followed by the combinational mutation pattern L180M + M204I/V. Drug-resistance was prevalent, mainly occurring in the cross resistance patterns LAM + LdT and LAM + LdT + ETV, and significantly more critical in males. These results demonstrate that all people free from HBV infection should obtain injections of the vaccine or booster shots, and conventional virologic detection in a clinical laboratory center should incorporate genotype and mutation alongside the serological factors for etiology and develop better classification methods, such as sequencing.
Metabolic dependency of chorismate in Plasmodium falciparum suggests an alternative source for the ubiquinone biosynthesis precursor
Authors: Valenciano Ana Lisa , Fernández-Murga Maria L. , Merino Emilio F. , Holderman Nicole R. , Butschek Grant J. , Shaffer Karl J. , Tyler Peter C. , Cassera Maria Belen
Published: September 2019

The shikimate pathway, a metabolic pathway absent in humans, is responsible for the production of chorismate, a branch point metabolite. In the malaria parasite, chorismate is postulated to be a direct precursor in the synthesis of p-aminobenzoic acid (folate biosynthesis), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (ubiquinone biosynthesis), menaquinone, and aromatic amino acids. While the potential value of the shikimate pathway as a drug target is debatable, the metabolic dependency of chorismate in P. falciparum remains unclear. Current evidence suggests that the main role of chorismate is folate biosynthesis despite ubiquinone biosynthesis being active and essential in the malaria parasite. Our goal in the present work was to expand our knowledge of the ubiquinone head group biosynthesis and its potential metabolic dependency on chorismate in P. falciparum. We systematically assessed the development of both asexual and sexual stages of P. falciparum in a defined medium in the absence of an exogenous supply of chorismate end-products and present biochemical evidence suggesting that the benzoquinone ring of ubiquinones in this parasite may be synthesized through a yet unidentified route.
How to copy and paste DNA microarrays
Authors: Krämer Stefan D. , Wöhrle Johannes , Meyer Philipp A. , Urban Gerald A. , Roth Günter
Published: September 2019

Analogous to a photocopier, we developed a DNA microarray copy technique and were able to copy patterned original DNA microarrays. With this process the appearance of the copied DNA microarray can also be altered compared to the original by producing copies of different resolutions. As a homage to the very first photocopy made by Chester Charlson and Otto Kornei, we performed a lookalike DNA microarray copy exactly 80 years later. Those copies were also used for label-free real-time kinetic binding assays of apo-dCas9 to double stranded DNA and of thrombin to single stranded DNA. Since each DNA microarray copy was made with only 5 µl of spPCR mix, the whole process is cost-efficient. Hence, our DNA microarray copier has a great potential for becoming a standard lab tool.
Ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MC87-46 to assimilate isomaltose and its effects on sake taste
Authors: Tsutsumi Seitaro , Mochizuki Mai , Sakai Kiyota , Ieda Akane , Ohara Reiji , Mitsui Shun , Ito Akitoshi , Hirano Tatsuya , Shimizu Motoyuki , Kato Masashi
Published: September 2019

Recently, wild strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from a variety of natural resources have been used to make bread, beer, wine, and sake. In the current study, we isolated wild S. cerevisiae MC strain from the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) flower and produced sake using its cerulenin-resistant mutant strain MC87-46. Then, we characterized the components, including ethanol, amino acids, organic acids, and sugars, in the fermented sake. Sake brewed with MC87-46 is sweet owing to the high content of isomaltose, which was at a concentration of 44.3 mM. The low sake meter value of −19.6 is most likely due to this high isomaltose concentration. The genomic DNA of MC87-46 encodes for isomaltases IMA1, IMA2, IMA3, IMA4 and IMA5, as well as the isomaltose transporter gene, AGT1. However, these genes were not induced in MC87-46 by isomaltose, and the strain did not possess isomaltase activity. These results show that MC87-46 cannot utilize isomaltose, resulting in its accumulation in the fermented sake. Isomaltose concentrations in sake brewed with MC87-46 were 24.6-fold more than in commercial sake. These findings suggest that MC87-46 may be useful for commercial application in Japanese sake production because of its unique flavour and nutrient profile.
On the Large Near-Field Enhancement on Nanocolumnar Gold Substrates
Authors: Díaz-Núñez Pablo , García-Martín José Miguel , González María Ujué , González-Arrabal Raquel , Rivera Antonio , Alonso-González Pablo , Martín-Sánchez Javier , Taboada-Gutiérrez Javier , González-Rubio Guillermo , Guerrero-Martínez Andrés , Bañares Luis , Peña-Rodríguez Ovidio
Published: September 2019

One of the most important and distinctive features of plasmonic nanostructures is their ability to confine large electromagnetic fields on nanometric volumes; i.e., the so-called hot spots. The generation, control and characterization of the hot spots are fundamental for several applications, like surface-enhanced spectroscopies. In this work, we characterize the near-field distribution and enhancement of nanostructured gold thin films fabricated by glancing angle deposition magnetron sputtering. These films are composed of columnar nanostructures with high roughness and high density of inter-columnar gaps, where the electromagnetic radiation can be confined, generating hot spots. As expected, the hot spots are localized in the gaps between adjacent nanocolumns and we use scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy to image their distribution over the surface of the samples. The experimental results are compared with finite-difference time-domain simulations, finding an excellent agreement between them. The spectral dependence of the field-enhancement is also studied with the simulations, together with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy at different excitation wavelengths in the visible-NIR range, proving a broad-band response of the substrates. These findings may result in interesting applications in the field of surface-enhanced optical spectroscopies or sensing.
Bidirectional in vivo structural dendritic spine plasticity revealed by two-photon glutamate uncaging in the mouse neocortex
Authors: Noguchi Jun , Nagaoka Akira , Hayama Tatsuya , Ucar Hasan , Yagishita Sho , Takahashi Noriko , Kasai Haruo
Published: September 2019

Most excitatory synapses in the brain form on dendritic spines. Two-photon uncaging of glutamate is widely utilized to characterize the structural plasticity of dendritic spines in brain slice preparations in vitro. In the present study, glutamate uncaging was used to investigate spine plasticity, for the first time, in vivo. A caged glutamate compound was applied to the surface of the mouse visual cortex in vivo, revealing the successful induction of spine enlargement by repetitive two-photon uncaging in a magnesium free solution. Notably, this induction occurred in a smaller fraction of spines in the neocortex in vivo (22%) than in hippocampal slices (95%). Once induced, the time course and mean long-term enlargement amplitudes were similar to those found in hippocampal slices. However, low-frequency (1–2 Hz) glutamate uncaging in the presence of magnesium caused spine shrinkage in a similar fraction (35%) of spines as in hippocampal slices, though spread to neighboring spines occurred less frequently than it did in hippocampal slices. Thus, the structural plasticity may occur similarly in the neocortex in vivo as in hippocampal slices, although it happened less frequently in our experimental conditions.
A colorimetric sensor array for detection and discrimination of antioxidants based on Ag nanoshell deposition on gold nanoparticle surfaces
Authors: Li Yanan , Liu Qingyun , Chen Zhengbo
Published: September 2019

There is growing interest in developing a high-performance sensor array for detection and discrimination of antioxidants owing to their widespread use and essential role in the human body.
A microarray chip based on photonic crystals and fluorescence amplification for discrimination of Baijiu
Authors: Li Jiawei , Yang Ping , Huang Rui , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun
Published: September 2019

We report an amplifying fluorescence sensor array chip, which is the first time fluorescence enhancement property of photonic crystals is employed in distilled liquor identify.
Natural abundance solid-state 33S NMR study of NbS3: applications for battery conversion electrodes
Authors: Halat David M. , Britto Sylvia , Griffith Kent J. , Jónsson Erlendur , Grey Clare P.
Published: September 2019

The first known solid-state 33S NMR spectrum of disulfide (S22−) anions is reported, in the Li-ion battery conversion material NbS3.
Enhanced oxygen reduction activity of platinum subnanocluster catalysts through charge redistribution
Authors: Tsunoyama Hironori , Ohnuma Akira , Takahashi Koki , Velloth Archana , Ehara Masahiro , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Tabuchi Masao , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Single-size platinum Pt6subnanoclusters exhibit superior mass-specific and surface-specific activities for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Synthesis of polysubstituted cyclic 1,2-diketones enabled by iterative sulfoxide-mediated arylation
Authors: Meng Xiangtai , Chen Dengfeng , Cao Xiaoji , Luo Jinyue , Wang Fei , Huang Shenlin
Published: September 2019

A metal-free iterative C–H arylation of cyclic 1,2-diketones with aryl sulfoxides has been developed.
Controllable crystal growth of a NiCo-LDH nanostructure anchored onto KCu7S4 nanowires via a facile solvothermal method for supercapacitor application
Authors: Yang Pan , Jing Chuan , Liu Jing Cheng , Chen Ke , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: September 2019

The application of NiCo-LDHs as electrode materials for supercapacitors has attracted widespread attention.
Reactions of [Ru(NO)Cl5]2− with pseudotrilacunary {XW9O33}9− (X = AsIII, SbIII) anions
Authors: Mukhacheva Anna A. , Shmakova Alexandra A. , Volchek Victoria V. , Romanova Tamara E. , Benassi Enrico , Gushchin Artem L. , Yanshole Vadim , Sheven Dmitri G. , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: September 2019

Reactions of [Ru(NO)Cl5]2− with pseudotrivacant B-α-[XW9O33]9− (X = AsIII, SbIII) result in novel nitrosoruthenium-substituted polyanions.
Development of an optically transparent polysilsesquioxane/PDMS addition cured nanocomposite adhesive for electronic applications
Authors: V. Anoop , Sankaraiah Subramani , N. L. Mary
Published: September 2019

Hydrosilylation method for preparing optically transparent polysilsesquioxane nanosphere reinforced PDMS nanocomposite adhesive with enhanced mechanical, thermal and adhesion properties.
Efficient upconverting carbon nitride nanotubes for near-infrared-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhu Yuxiang , Zheng Xianlin , Lu Yiqing , Yang Xiaoxia , Kheradmand Amanj , Jiang Yijiao
Published: September 2019

This work reports novel near-infrared-responsive photocatalysts based on upconversion nanoparticles and carbon nitride nanotubes for improved photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Towards label-free, wash-free and quantitative B-type natriuretic peptide detection for heart failure diagnosis
Authors: Li Zhi , Ausri Irfani R. , Zilberman Yael , Tang Xiaowu (Shirley)
Published: September 2019

A unique integrated system demonstrating a significant step beyond proof-of-concept high sensitivity carbon nanotube based sensors for quantitative reading of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in outpatient blood is presented.
Design of high-performance MoS2 edge supported single-metal atom bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting via a simple equation
Authors: Xu Xiaopei , Xu Haoxiang , Cheng Daojian
Published: September 2019

MoS2 edges exhibit good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity but poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.
Plasmonic hot electron transfer in anisotropic Pt–Au nanodisks boosts electrochemical reactions in the visible-NIR region
Authors: Chen Guanying , Sun Mingjuan , Li Juan , Zhu Mingshan , Lou Zaizhu , Li Baojun
Published: September 2019

Surface plasmon resonance induced hot electron transfer boosting electrochemical oxidation of methanol over anisotropic Pt-edged Au Nanodisks.
In situgrown α-Cos/Co heterostructures on nitrogen doped carbon polyhedra enabling the trapping and reaction-intensification of polysulfides towards high performance lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Gu Shaonan , Bai Zhaowen , Majumder Soumyadip , Huang Baoling , Chen Guohua
Published: September 2019

The α-CoS/Co heterostructure provides a strong adsorption and facilitates fast catalytic conversion of polysulfides.
Accelerating oxygen evolution electrocatalysis of two-dimensional NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets via space-confined amorphization
Authors: Jiao Shilong , Yao Zhaoyu , Li Mengfan , Mu Ce , Liang Huawei , Zeng Yu-Jia , Huang Hongwen
Published: September 2019

Boosting OER activity of the ultrathin 2D NiFe-LDH nanosheets via the introduction of space-confined amorphism that induces the increased active sites and optimized electronic structure.
Mg2+–W6+ co-doped Li2ZnTi3O8 anode with outstanding room, high and low temperature electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Shen Ziye , Zhang Zhongxue , Wang Song , Liu Zenan , Wang Lijuan , Bi Yanfeng , Meng Zhaohui
Published: September 2019

LM6ZTW3O co-doped with Mg2+–W6+ with excellent low temperature electrochemical performance has been synthesized using a simple solid-state method.
A novel multifunction photochromic metal–organic framework for rapid ultraviolet light detection, amine-selective sensing and inkless and erasable prints
Authors: Li Li , Tu Zu-Ming , Hua Yang , Li Xiao-Nan , Wang Hai-Yu , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2019

The system shows efficient and fast low intensity ultraviolet light detection, amine-selective sensing and also be used as inkless and erasable print.
Dawson-type polyoxometalate-based vacancies g-C3N4 composite-nanomaterials for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Li Xiao-Hong , Chen Wei-Lin , He Peng , Wang Ting , Liu Ding , Li Yun-Wu , Li Yang-Guang , Wang En-Bo
Published: September 2019

POM@V-g-C3N4 show outstanding photocatalytic N2 fixation activities at mild conditions under illumination due to the excellent POM properties and rich defect structure. The reaction can form a self-healing, recyclable N2-fixing catalytic system.
Palygorskite-anchored Pd complexes catalyze the coupling reactions of pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates
Authors: Zhan Huiying , Zhou Rongrong , Chen Xudong , Yang Quanlu , Jiang Hongyan , Su Qiong , Wang Yanbin , Li Jia , Wu Lan , Wu Shang
Published: September 2019

PGS–APTES–Pd(OAc)2 was prepared through simple and green steps from the natural clay mineral palygorskite. Obviously, the stability and reusability of PGS–APTES–Pd(OAc)2 were superior to those of the PGS–Pd catalyst (prepared by the impregnation method) in recycling test.
Synthesis of porous carbon via a waste tire leavening strategy for adsorptive desulfurization
Authors: Chao Yanhong , Ju Haitao , Luo Jing , Jin Yan , Wang Chao , Xiong Jun , Wu Peiwen , Ji Haiyan , Zhu Wenshuai
Published: September 2019

Adsorptive desulfurization is an effective technology for removing harmful sulfur under mild conditions.
Highly crystalline CsPbI2Br films for efficient perovskite solar cells via compositional engineering
Authors: He Fang , Xu Wenzhan , Zhang Meng , Zhang Xuan , Ding Baofu , Wei Guodan , Kang Feiyu
Published: September 2019

All-inorganic CsPbI2Br shows high thermal stability for promising application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Co-catalyzed ortho-C–H functionalization/annulation of arenes and alkenes with alkynylsilanes: access to isoquinolone and pyridone motifs
Authors: Lin Cong , Shen Liang
Published: September 2019

A method for cobalt-catalyzed ortho-C–H functionalization annulation of arenes and alkenes with alkynylsilanes assisted by 8-aminoquinolyl auxiliary.
Salt-assisted pyrolysis of covalent organic frameworks to porous heteroatom-doped carbons for supercapacitive energy storage
Authors: Yan Dongwan , Wu Yang , Kitaura Ryo , Awaga Kunio
Published: September 2019

Highly porous heteroatom-doped carbons with ultra-high supercapacitive performance are prepared by salt-assisted pyrolysis of covalent organic frameworks.
Engineering FeNi alloy nanoparticles via synergistic ultralow Pt doping and nanocarbon capsulation for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Fan Aixin , Qin Congli , Zhang Xin , Yang Juntao , Ge Jiaqi , Wang Shiqing , Yuan Xiaolin , Wang Su , Dai Xiaoping
Published: September 2019

Ultralow Pt doped FeNi alloy embedded in porous graphene carbon shells as an efficient HER electrocatalyst in 0.5 M H2SO4.
A nanopump for low-temperature and efficient solar water evaporation
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Zhao Kaiqi , Yin Junwen , Yang Jieying , Xu Jie , Gu Yizhuo , Liu Limin , Luo Jun , Li Yan , Sun Lidong
Published: September 2019

Zr(Ti)O2 nanotube membranes with superhydrophilic vertical channels and strong light absorption function as a nanopump for solar water evaporation.
A wearable helical organic–inorganic photodetector with thermoelectric generators as the power source
Authors: Sa Cai , Xu Xiaojie , Wu Xiang , Chen Jiaxin , Zuo Chaolei , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: September 2019

A self-powering feature is particularly appealing for wearable electronic devices, in particular, photodetectors (PDs), as promising candidates for health and environment monitoring, are urgently desired to be made wearable and powerless.
Correction: Stretchable and self-healable electrical sensors with fingertip-like perception capability for surface texture discerning and biosignal monitoring
Authors: Wu Xianzhang , Li Zhangpeng , Wang Honggang , Huang Jingxia , Wang Jinqing , Yang Shengrong
Published: September 2019

Correction for ‘Stretchable and self-healable electrical sensors with fingertip-like perception capability for surface texture discerning and biosignal monitoring’ by Xianzhang Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7, 9008–9017.
Abgehängt?
Authors: Wagner Franz
Published: September 2019

Seit Jahrzehnten hinkt Deutschland dem Rest der Europäischen Union nach –
zumindest was die Pflegeausbildung betrifft. Mit dem neuen Pflegeberufegesetz
soll sich das zumindest in Teilen ändern. Der Präsident des Deutschen
Pflegerats (DPR) Franz Wagner zieht Bilanz.
Verwaist die Altenpflege?
Authors: Halletz Isabell
Published: September 2019

Altenpfleger und nicht „Generalist“ werden, ist laut neuem
Pflegeberufegesetz weiter möglich, wenn auch auf den ersten Blick wenig
attraktiv. Es drohen Kompetenzverlust und Mitarbeiterschwund. Der
Arbeitgeberverband Pflege (AGVP) wagt einen Ausblick.
Expanding Role of Self Expanding Esophageal Stents
Authors: Dua Kulwinder S
Published: September 2019

Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage and hence carries a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year survival rate of 10% to 15%. Therefore, palliative treatment primarily aimed at the relieving dysphagia is the only available option. Endoscopic placement of self expanding metal stents (SEMS) has become a widely used method for palliation offering prompt relief of dysphagia and numerous reports have shown it to be safe and effective. Secondary to tissue in-growth into the uncovered segments of the stent, SEMS cannot be removed and hence are not approved for benign indications. With the advent of the removable self expanding plastic stents, the indications for esophageal stent insertion have expanded to as bridge to surgery for patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for refractory benign esophageal strictures, for non- malignant esophageal perforations, leaks and fistulae, and even for variceal hemorrhage. Newer fully covered SEMS that are potentially removable are also being tried for benign indications but await FDA clearance. Similarly biodegradeable stents for benign disorders and radioactive or drug-eluding stents for malignant disease are hoped to improve the management of esophageal diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the expanding role of self expanding stents in the management of esophageal disorders other than palliating malignant dysphagia and fistulae.(J Dig Endos 2011;2(1):9-14)
High-speed film-thickness measurements between a collapsing cavitation bubble and a solid surface with total internal reflection shadowmetry
Authors: Reuter Fabian , Kaiser Sebastian A.
Published: September 2019

The time evolution of the liquid-film thickness of a single cavitation bubble in water collapsing onto a solid surface is measured. To this end, total internal reflection (TIR) shadowmetry is developed, a technique based on TIR and the imaging of shadows of an optical structure on a polished glass surface. The measurements are performed at frame rates up to 480 kHz. Simultaneous high-speed imaging of the bubble shape at up to 89 kHz allows relating the evolution of the film thickness to the bubble dynamics. With a typical maximum bubble radius of 410 µm, we varied the nondimensional stand-off distance γ from 0.47 to 1.07. We find that during the first collapse phase, the bubble does not come in direct contact with the solid surface. Instead, when the bubble collapses, the jet impacts on a liquid film that always resides between the bubble and solid. At jet impact, it is 5–40 µm thick, depending on γ. Also, during rebound, at any given point in time, most or all of the then overall toroidal bubble is not in contact with the solid surface.
Adversarial-residual-coarse-graining: Applying machine learning theory to systematic molecular coarse-graining
Authors: Durumeric Aleksander E. P. , Voth Gregory A.
Published: September 2019

We utilize connections between molecular coarse-graining (CG) approaches and implicit generative models in machine learning to describe a new framework for systematic molecular CG. Focus is placed on the formalism encompassing generative adversarial networks. The resulting method enables a variety of model parameterization strategies, some of which show similarity to previous CG methods. We demonstrate that the resulting framework can rigorously parameterize CG models containing CG sites with no prescribed connection to the reference atomistic system (termed virtual sites); however, this advantage is offset by the lack of a closed-form expression for the CG Hamiltonian at the resolution obtained after integration over the virtual CG sites. Computational examples are provided for cases in which these methods ideally return identical parameters as relative entropy minimization CG but where traditional relative entropy minimization CG optimization equations are not applicable.
Mechanisms for turbulent separation control using plasma actuator at Reynolds number of 1.6 × 106
Authors: Sato Makoto , Asada Kengo , Nonomura Taku , Aono Hikaru , Yakeno Aiko , Fujii Kozo
Published: September 2019

We have conducted large-eddy simulations of turbulent separated flows over a NACA0015 airfoil with control by a plasma actuator. The Reynolds number based on the chord length is 1 600 000, and the angle of attack is 20.1°. At this angle of attack, the flow around the airfoil is fully separated. The effects of the location and operating conditions of the plasma actuator on the separation control are investigated. The plasma actuator is set at the leading edge, the turbulent reattachment point, or near the turbulent separation point. The nondimensional burst frequency (F+) is set to 1, 4, or 100. These frequencies are determined based on the dominant frequencies of the turbulent separated flow field of the no control case. A continuous actuation case has also been conducted. The location of the actuator where it most effectively suppresses the separation is the one closest to the turbulent separation point. In the burst mode case, the nondimensional burst frequency of unity is most effective in terms of the increase in the lift. To clarify the effective control mechanism, five objectives for turbulent separation control are compared. The results show that it is difficult to suppress the turbulent separation using the same strategies as in laminar separation control. The effective mechanism for turbulent separation control by burst actuation is found to be inducing the pairing of large-scale vortices near the airfoil surface. This large-scale vortex pairing induces freestream momentum into the boundary layer, leading to separation suppression. In addition, three other control effects can be achieved by varying the operating settings of the plasma actuator. The drag is slightly improved by reducing the length of the laminar separation bubble through high-frequency actuation from the leading edge.
An overvoltage driver with inductive adder pulse for fast switching of series-connected MOSFETs module
Authors: Pang Lei , Long Tianjun , Zhou Chenhui , Cai Fuwei , He Kun , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: September 2019

A novel overvoltage driver is proposed to speed up the turn-on transition of series-connected MOSFETs module which serves as the main switch in high voltage pulse generator. In order to realize the overvoltage driver, a nanosecond pulse with the amplitude of hundreds of volts is superposed on a square driving signal by linear transformer driver scheme. The results show that, comparing to the commercial high current driver, the turn-on time of a 10kV MOSFETs module including ten devices with the proposed driving scheme can be shortened from ∼25ns to ∼7ns. The proposed overvoltage driver can be used to conveniently modulate the rise time and pulse width of high voltage nanosecond pulse generator constructed by MOSFETs. In addition, it is demonstrated that there is almost no influence of the overvoltage driver on the gate-source characteristics of device by analyzing the variation of C-f curves of input capacitances.
Study of a water-graphene capacitor with molecular density functional theory
Authors: Jeanmairet Guillaume , Rotenberg Benjamin , Borgis Daniel , Salanne Mathieu
Published: September 2019

Most of the performances of electrochemical devices are governed by molecular processes taking place at the solution-electrode interfaces, and molecular simulation is the main way to study these processes. Aqueous electrochemical systems have often been studied using classical density functional theory (DFT) but with too crude approximations to consider the system description to be realistic. We study the interface between graphene electrodes and liquid water at different applied voltages using molecular DFT, improving the state of the art by the following key points: (1) electrodes have a realistic atomic resolution, (2) classical DFT calculations are carried out at a fixed imposed potential difference, and (3) water is described by a molecular model. This allows us to reveal the structural modification of water adsorbed at the graphene interface and the evolution of water dielectric permittivity when a voltage is applied. The computed capacitance of this device is in agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. This demonstrates the relevance of molecular DFT to study electrochemical systems at the molecular level.
A matrix isolation ESR investigation of the MgCH radical
Authors: Hearne Thomas S. , Karakyriakos Emmanuel , Dunford Cara L. , Kettner Marcus , Wild Duncan A. , McKinley Allan J.
Published: September 2019

The MgCH radical and its magnesium-25, carbon-13, and deuterated isotopologs have been isolated in low temperature neon matrices and examined by the matrix isolation electron spin resonance technique for the first time. The radicals were formed through the reactions of laser ablated natural abundance magnesium metal and magnesium-25 enriched magnesium metal with carbon-13 and deuterated isotopologs of acetone. The MgCH radical was shown to have a X4Σ− ground electronic state, and the magnetic parameters determined for this state were g⊥ = 2.001 81(45), g∥ = 2.0018(10), D = 4970(5) MHz, A⊥(13C) = 115(6) MHz, A∥(13C) = 65(15) MHz, A⊥(H) = 34(6) MHz, A∥(H) = 5(10) MHz, A⊥(D) = 5(3) MHz, A⊥(25Mg) = 82(5) MHz, and A∥(25Mg) = 85(10). Comparisons are made between the electronic structure of this radical and the MgCH3 and MgN radicals. Theoretical hyperfine parameters were also evaluated for the MgCH radical, and a potential energy surface for the low-lying electronic states was constructed using complete active space multiconfigurational self-consistent field theory. The leading configuration (96.6%) for the X4Σ− ground electronic state was shown to be 1σ22σ23σ21π44σ25σ26σ27σ12π12π1 with an Mg–C bond length of 2.041 Å for a fixed C–H bond length of 1.090 Å. The Mg–C bond dissociation energy (De) was 48.26 kcal/mol. The optimized geometry from a density functional theory calculation using the B3LYP functional gave a Mg–C bond length of 2.061 Å and a C–H bond length of 1.090 Å.
Review of Scientific Instruments New Products
Authors: Mandelis Andreas
Published: September 2019

In order to supplement manufacturers’ information, this department will welcome the submission by our readers of brief communications reporting measurements on the physical properties of materials which supersede earlier data or suggest new research applications.
Seasonal variations in plankton trophic structure under highly eutrophic conditions
Authors: Guenther Mariana , Costa Alejandro E. S. F. , Pessoa-Fidelis Valdylene T. , Neumann-Leitão Sigrid
Published: September 2019

The plankton trophic structure of a hypereutrophic tropical estuarine system was evaluated in the dry and wet seasons, as well as during the dry–wet transition period, over 1 year. Correlations between micro- and mesozooplankton abundance and composition and both size-fractioned phytoplankton biomass and abiotic variables were investigated in order to understand seasonal variations in plankton interactions and provide a conceptual trophic model for the plankton community. Rainfall is the main environmental forcing factor for this system, and the plankton community responded accordingly, with different structures during each season sampled. The resulting trophic model shows a multivorous food web, where both longer microbial and shorter herbivore food webs occur simultaneously. Microzooplankton play a crucial role in this ecosystem, linking both small and large phytoplankton to the mesozooplankton. These results have important implications for estuarine management practices, particularly under highly eutrophic conditions.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited and heat-treated additive manufactured 9Cr steel
Authors: Gao Chuang , Chen Xizhang , Chen Xiao , Su Chuanchu
Published: September 2019

Wire arc additive manufacturing technology has been applied to fabricate 9Cr ferritic/martensitic steel. The steel is widely used in the power industries because of good performances. The effects of different heat treatment conditions on microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and Charpy impact toughness were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the as-deposited condition consists of untempered lath martensitic with high strength and low toughness. It was found that heat treatment can change the microstructure characteristics. Moreover, samples after heat treatment have been observed with high elongation and impact toughness but relatively low hardness and tensile strength. The better combination of strength, ductility and microstructure were obtained for the normalising temperature of 1323 K and tempering temperature of 1033 K.
Hydrothermally fabricated surfactant-free CuxAg1−xS composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability
Authors: Ayodhya Dasari , Veerabhadram Guttena
Published: September 2019

Here, we report the stable and surfactant-free Cu xAg1− xS composites as nanorod clusters was fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method for the degradation of pesticides including malathion (MLT), monocrotophos (MCP), and chlorpyrifos (CPS) under ultraviolet (UV) light. The degradation of MLT, MCP, and CPS using Cu0.5Ag0.5S were up to 97% after 1 h of UV irradiation. The Cu0.5Ag0.5S nanorods displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity and the rate of degradation was higher than that of pure CuS and Ag2S due to an efficient electron transfer process. The stability and reusability assays indicated that the Cu0.5Ag0.5S retained more than 90% of activity after five cycles of use. The photocatalytic mechanism was explored from the obtained results of enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cu xAg1− xS nanorod clusters.
Interstitial-resident memory CD8+ T cells sustain frontline epithelial memory in the lung
Authors: Takamura Shiki , Kato Shigeki , Motozono Chihiro , Shimaoka Takeshi , Ueha Satoshi , Matsuo Kazuhiko , Miyauchi Kosuke , Masumoto Tomoko , Katsushima Asami , Nakayama Takashi , Tomura Michio , Matsushima Kouji , Kubo Masato , Miyazawa Masaaki
Published: September 2019

Populations of CD8+ lung-resident memory T (TRM) cells persist in the interstitium and epithelium (airways) following recovery from respiratory virus infections. While it is clear that CD8+ TRM cells in the airways are dynamically maintained via the continuous recruitment of new cells, there is a vigorous debate about whether tissue-circulating effector memory T (TEM) cells are the source of these newly recruited cells. Here we definitively demonstrate that CD8+ TRM cells in the lung airways are not derived from TEM cells in the circulation, but are seeded continuously by TRM cells from the lung interstitium. This process is driven by CXCR6 that is expressed uniquely on TRM cells but not TEM cells. We further demonstrate that the lung interstitium CD8+ TRM cell population is also maintained independently of TEM cells via a homeostatic proliferation mechanism. Taken together, these data show that lung memory CD8+ TRM cells in the lung interstitium and airways are compartmentally separated from TEM cells and clarify the mechanisms underlying their maintenance.
Influence of Tb on easy magnetization direction and magnetostriction of PrFe1.9 alloy*
Authors: He Chang-Xuan , Tang Yan-Mei , Li Xiang , He Yun , Lu Cai-Yan , Guo Ze-Ping
Published: September 2019

The crystal structures, magnetization, and spontaneous magnetostriction of ferromagnetic Laves phase Pr1 − x

Tbx
Fe1.9 compounds are investigated in a temperature range between 5 K and 300 K. High resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that different proportions of Tb in Pr1 − x
Tb
x
Fe1.9 alloys can result in different easy magnetization directions (EMD) below 70 K, i.e., [100] with x = 0.0, and [111] with x ≥ 0.1. This indicates Tb substitution can lead the EMD to change from [100] to [111] with x rising from 0.0 up to 0.1. The Tb substitution for Pr reduces the saturation magnetization M
s and the magnetostriction to their minimum value when x = 0.6, but it can increase low-field (0 ≤ H ≤ 9 kOe, the unit 1 Oe = 79.5775 A · m−1) magnetostriction when x = 0.8 and 1.0 at 5 K. This can be attributed to the larger magnetostriction of PrFe1.9 than that of TbFe1.9, as well as the decrease of the resulting anisotropy due to Tb substitution at low temperatures.
Role of Bloch oscillation in high-order harmonic generation from periodic structure*
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhao Jing , Yuan Jian-Min , Zhao Zeng-Xiu
Published: September 2019

The high-order harmonic generation from a model solid structure driven by an intense laser pulse is investigated using the semiconductor Bloch equations (SBEs). The main features of harmonic spectrum from SBEs agree well with the result of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE), and the cut-off energy can be precisely estimated by the recollision model. With increasing the field strength, the harmonic spectrum shows an extra plateau. Based on the temporal population of electron and the time–frequency analysis, the harmonics in the extra plateau are generated by the Bloch oscillation. Due to the ultrafast time response of the Bloch electron, the generated harmonics provide a potential source of shorter isolated attosecond pulse.
Effect of laser intensity on quantum trajectories in the macroscopic high-order harmonic generation*
Authors: Pan Yun , Guo Fuming , Yang Yujun , Ding Dajun
Published: September 2019

We macroscopically investigate the effect of the laser intensity and gas density on quantum trajectories in the high-order harmonic generation of Ne atoms irradiated by few-cycle, 800-nm laser pulses. The time–frequency profile of the harmonics shows that the long quantum trajectory is dominant at both lower and higher gas densities for a low laser intensity. At high laser intensities, the long quantum trajectory plays an important role for lower gas densities, while the short quantum trajectory is dominant at higher gas densities. An analysis of the phase mismatch for high-order harmonic generation shows that the primary emission of the quantum trajectories is determined by dynamic changes in the laser electric field during the propagation process.
8. Crime and punishment
Authors: Gutting Gary
Published: September 2019

‘Crime and punishment’ describes Foucault’s views on contemporary ideas on crime, punishment, and discipline and looks at his suggestions for alternative ways of thinking. Foucault discusses modern punishment’s demands for an inner transformation, a conversion of the heart. Is this modern control of the soul a means to a more subtle and pervasive control of the body? Foucault’s Discipline and Punish analysed modern society’s allegedly humanitarian treatment of a marginalized group and shows how this treatment involves its own form of domination. It focuses on the institutional structures rather than systems of thought. It is more of a genealogical work than an archaeological one.
Poetry: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: O'Donoghue Bernard
Published: September 2019

Poetry, arguably, has a greater range of conceptual meaning than perhaps any other term in English. At the most basic level everyone can recognize it—it is a kind of literature that uses special linguistic devices of organization and expression for aesthetic effect. However, far grander claims have been made for poetry. Poetry: A Very Short Introduction looks at the many different forms of writing that have been called ‘poetry’—from the Greeks to the present day. As well as questioning what poetry is, it asks what poetry is for, and considers contemporary debates on its value. Is there a universality to poetry? Does it have a duty of public utility and responsibility?
Intuitions on the Individuation of Musical Works. An Empirical Study
Authors: Mikalonytė Elzė Sigutė , Dranseika Vilius
Published: September 2019

Philosophers often consider better compliance with prevalent pre-theoretical intuitions to be an advantage of a theory of ontology of musical works. However, despite many predictions of what these intuitions on relevant questions might be, so far there is only one experimental philosophy study on the repeatability of musical works by Christopher Bartel. We decided to examine the intuitions concerning the individuation of musical works by creating scenarios reflecting the differences in the positions of musical ontologists: pure and timbral sonicism, instrumentalism, and contextualism. The results show that emotional expressivity, instrument, timbre, and images evoked in the listeners were not considered as properties individuating musical works. However, the musical works were held to be different if the composers were different. In most cases, the participants had clear intuitions. Pure sonicism, complemented with additional stress on significance of the composer’s creativity, seems to be the most intuitive position.
Screening and Enrollment by Sex in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinical Trials in the United States
Authors: Smeaton Laura M , Kacanek Deborah , Mykhalchenko Kateryna , Coughlin Kristine , Klingman Karin L , Koletar Susan L , Barr Elizabeth , Collier Ann C
Published: September 2019

Background

Women are underrepresented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) research in the United States. To determine if women screening for HIV clinical trials enrolled at lower rates than men, we performed a retrospective, cross-trial analysis.

Methods

We conducted an analysis of screening and enrollment during 2003–2013 to 31 clinical trials at 99 AIDS Clinical Trials Group network research sites in the United States. Random-effects meta regression estimated whether sex differences in not enrolling (“screen out”) varied by various individual, trial, or site characteristics.

Results

Of 10 744 persons screened, 18.9% were women. The percentages of women and men who screened out were 27.9% and 26.5%, respectively (P = .19); this small difference did not significantly vary by race, ethnicity, or age group. Most common reasons for screening out were not meeting eligibility criteria (30–35%) and opting out (23%), and these did not differ by sex. Trial and research site characteristics associated with variable screen-out by sex included HIV research domain and type of hemoglobin eligibility criterion, but individual associations did not persist after adjustment for multiple testing.

Conclusions

In the absence of evidence of significantly higher trial screen-out for women, approaching more women to screen may increase female representation in HIV trials.
Some further considerations on the Sraffian Methodenstreit
Authors: Martins Nuno Ornelas
Published: September 2019

Here, I respond to Ajit Sinha’s comment of my review article of his book A Revolution in Economic Theory: The Economics of Piero Sraffa.
Robots, skill demand and manufacturing in US regional labour markets
Authors: Leigh Nancey Green , Kraft Benjamin , Lee Heonyeong
Published: September 2019

Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) technology have spurred a re-examination of technology’s impacts on jobs and the economy. This article reviews several key contributions to the current jobs/AI debate, discusses their limitations and offers a modified approach, analysing two quantitative models in tandem. One uses robot stock data from the International Federation of Robotics as the primary indicator of robot use, whereas the other uses online job postings requiring robot-related skills. Together, the models suggest that since the Great Recession ended, robots have contributed positively to manufacturing employment in the USA at the metropolitan level.
Black-Box Accountable Authority Identity-Based Revocation System
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Wu Ge , Guo Fuchun , Susilo Willy , Mu Yi , Wang Baocang , Hu Yupu
Published: September 2019

Identity-based revocation system (IBRS) generates the ciphertext with a revoked identity list such that only the non-revoked identities can use their private keys to decrypt this ciphertext. IBRS can be efficiently applied in some practical applications, such as the pay-TV systems when the number of revoked identities are much less than the non-revoked ones. However, since IBRS is based on identity-based cryptography, it also suffers from the inherent key escrow problem where the private key generator (PKG) has full control of each user’s private key. As a consequence, it is hard to judge whether a pirated private key is generated by the PKG or the suspected user. There is no study on IBRS fulfilling accountability in literature to date. In this paper, we introduce the notion of accountable authority IBRS (A-IBRS), which provides accountability in IBRS schemes. In an A-IBRS, the aforementioned problem can be alleviated and resolved. Furthermore, a full black-box A-IBRS can distinguish the creator of a black box between the PKG and the associated user and the dishonest PKG is allowed to access the decryption results of the user private key. We formalize the definition and security models of the full black-box A-IBRS schemes. Then, we present a concrete full black-box A-IBRS scheme with constant-size master public key and private key. Finally, we prove the security of our scheme under the defined security models without random oracle.