bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Selected Fish Pond Ecosystems in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob Omotoso Ayodele , Adewoye Solomon Olayinka , Afolabi Opasola Olaniyi
Published: December 2024

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquatic ecosystems poses a significant threat to public health and environmental sustainability. This study aimed to isolate and characterize antibiotic-resistant bacteria from selected fish pond ecosystems in Osun State, Nigeria. Sixty (60) fish water samples and sixty (60) fish sediment samples were collected from selected fish ponds located in different regions of the state using a purposive sampling technique. The samples were processed for the isolation of bacterial strains using standard microbiological techniques.
Isolates were identified through morphological and conventional biochemical methods using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, while their antibiotic resistance profiles were determined using the disc diffusion method against a panel of twelve (12) commonly used antibiotics. The results revealed the presence of a diverse range of bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, with a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Resistance was most commonly observed against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, vancomycin, cefuroxime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin.
The findings revealed a growing issue of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquatic ecosystems, showing a complex interplay between antibiotic use, environmental factors, and the emergence of resistance. This was a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities, such as the misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture, agricultural practices, and the improper disposal of antibiotics.
This study highlights the urgent need for the implementation of effective monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of promoting sustainable and responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture to safeguard both human health and the integrity of aquatic environments.
A Study of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Folk Medicinal Plant (Teucrium polium)
Authors: Aljaber A. Y. , Alatawi Z. S. , Asiri M. N. , Alomrani Naser A. , Al-Aoh Hatem A. , Mustafa Syed Khalid
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Investigating the chemical composition and bioactivity of Teucrium polium, sometimes referred to as Germander, was the goal of the current study. Analysis was done on the T. polium extracts. Numerous chemical components found in it contribute to its therapeutic qualities. Flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oils, and other substances with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities are among these chemicals.
Material and Methods: Collected a sample of the leaves and bark of the Teucrium polium plant from the vicinity of the University of Tabuk and produced an extract for analysis. Gas chromatography was used to evaluate the extracts, and Teucrium polium extract's antibacterial qualities were also examined.
Results: The ethanol extract outperformed the hexane extract in terms of activity or in other words Hexane extract was less active than ethanolic extract on all other microorganisms.  The hexane extract exhibited a 23 mm inhibitory zone and high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Despite this, the extracts' zones of inhibition for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were comparable in size (23, 24, and 23 mm, respectively).
Conclusion and Work's Significance: The clinical, pharmacological, and research in medicine sectors, along with the food as well as cosmetics industries, can all benefit from the substantial biological activity of T. polium extracts. They possess a vast array of therapeutic applications and have long been used to cure a range of ailments.
Unveiling Key Correlation Studies in Local Germplasm of Green Gram [Vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek]
Authors: Kumbhar Laxman V. , Bagul Rangnath S. , Shaniware Yogesh A. , Girase Vikramsing S. , Patil Varad V.
Published: December 2024

The present investigation entitled “Unveiling key correlation studies in local germplasm of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Agricultural Botany section farm, College of Agriculture, Dhule during kharif-2022. The experimental material included 42 genotypes of mungbean which were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications, representing different eco-geographic regions and the source of material was Assistant Pulse Breeder, Oilseed Research Station, Nimkhedi, Jalgoan and local collection from Dhagdaon, Akkalkua, Nandurbar of Maharashtra state. Genotypes were evaluated for twelve diverse characters and correlation coefficient studies were conducted. The weight of 100 seeds (0.5054), the number of seeds per pod (0.4168), the thickness of the pods (0.339), the number of clusters per plant (0.2602), the number of pods per plant (0.2232), and the seed output per plant were the most significant and favourable relationships. It has a negative and non-significant correlation with the number of pods per cluster (-0.0534), but a positive correlation with plant height (0.1748), pod length (0.1737), protein content (0.159), 50 per cent flowering (0.0282) and days to maturity (0.0071). Based on the results, the highest yield of mungbean may be obtained from genotypes with higher protein content, early flowering and ripening, maximum plant height, long and thick pod size, more seeds per pod, and superior seed weight.
Optimized Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Titaniferous Sand/ZnO Composite: A Sustainable Approach to Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Diop El Hadji Moussa , MBACKE Maryam Khadim , FAYE Mamadou , DIOUF Babacar
Published: December 2024

This study explores a novel approach to enhancing photocatalytic efficiency by utilizing an industrial residue, titaniferous sand, in combination with ZnO. The purifying efficiency of this semiconductor mixture was studied for the removal of methylene blue in a fixed-bed reactor. The main objective was to find out with what percentage the titaniferous sand could be incorporated into the ZnO for maximum photocatalytic performance. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operative parameters. The influence of titaniferous sand/ZnO ratio (A:1-2.8), pH (B:4-10) and irradiation time (C:120-480 minutes) on the degradation efficiency of the dye was studied. Initial concentrations of methyl blue and total semiconductor mixture were set at 25 mg/L and 10 g/L, respectively. The ANOVA analysis showed that the photocatalytic process was significantly affected by a positive individual effect of the titaniferous sand/ZnO ratio and the irradiation time. A quadratic polynomial of the second order accurately represented the experimental values with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.9921. In addition, this model had a p-value of less than 0.0001 and an F-value of 84.09. Thus, the model used was quite appropriate. Optimal conditions were obtained for a ratio (titaniferous sand/ZnO) of 1.51057, i.e. a titaniferous sand percentage of 66%, a pH of 9.97487 and an irradiation time of 479.765 minutes. Under these conditions, a degradation of 99.4915% was obtained. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of methylene blue on the titaniferous sand and ZnO mixture followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and was of the first order with an apparent kinetic constant of      0.402 h-1.
Comparative Study on the Proximate and Selected Sugar Composition of Raw and Processed Breadfruit
Authors: Brantley Akuru, Udiomine , Ndidi Nwachoko, , Jack Tetam, , Omasirichi Ohele, Edith
Published: December 2024

Introduction: African bread fruit possesses great promise as a dietary source for humans. Its seeds, when processed are considered to be nutritious and healthy.  There are limited information on the sugar profiles of African breadfruit, which has limited its utilization as a dietary source for humans.
Objective: The study evaluated the proximate composition and sugar profiles of raw and processed breadfruit.
Methods: The samples used were the raw, boiled and toasted forms of breadfruit. Standard procedures were followed for the proximate composition and gas chromatography was used to determine the sugar composition. The statistically differences between the groups at p<0.05 was tested using ANOVA.
Results: The study’s findings showed that in comparison to the boiled and toasted forms, the raw form had significantly higher percentage of carbohydrate (81.10), crude protein (1.73), ash (2.93) and crude fibre (4.80). The boiled had significantly higher moisture (19.49) than raw and toasted forms. The sugar profiling revealed that the concentration(mg/100g) of glucose (13.77), and xylose (3.42) was significantly higher in the raw compared to the processed forms. D-fructose (3.93) was significantly higher in the boiled form while D-Galacturonic acid (5.76) and D-Glucuronic acid (8.57) were significantly higher in the toasted form.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that breadfruit is a good source of carbohydrates and can be used as sustainable food and can help to alleviate malnutrition among humans.
Management of Singapore Daisy (an Invasive Weed) through Utilisation
Authors: Ganesh Soorya , P Gayathri Karthikeyan. , Rani T. Sajitha , K.V Sumesh , Paul Manju Mary
Published: December 2024

Singapore daisy is a perennial invasive weed of Kerala having the potential to adversely affect the environment and biodiversity. One of the possible methods for the management of invasive weeds is through their utilisation. The study explored the potential of Singapore daisy for phytoremediation of contaminated soils along with its potential as a fodder crop. The results revealed that the invasive plant has the potential for phytoextraction (BAC and TF >1) of cadmium and lead; phytostabilisation (BCF>1; TF<1) of cadmium, arsenic, chromium and lead. Analysis of proximate principles of Singapore daisy revealed that the nutritive value was comparable to that of common fodder crops (also, K/Ca+Mg ratio was 1.19) cultivated in Kerala. However, since the plant has phytoremediation potential, it cannot be recommended as a fodder crop unless it is growing in uncontaminated soil.
Study the Relationship of IFN-γ (+874A/ T) Polymorphism, and Some Cytokines with Breast Cancer in a Population from Baghdad City, Iraq
Authors: Hanoon Hind A. , Jawad Mohammed Mahdi , Mahmood Ahmed N.
Published: December 2024

Background: Breast cancer is still a complicated and common health issue that affects millions of people globally.
Aim:  the current investigation aimed to study the relationship of IFN-γ (+874 A/T) genetic polymorphism, and some cytokines to breast cancer women in a population from Baghdad city/ Iraq.
Materials and Methods: In this study, (80) females with an age of (20-60) years were employed; they were attending Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad. All these females were notified regarding the purpose of these investigations and agreed to its protocol. 80 healthy women were taken into the current study for comparison purposes.
Results: The findings demonstrated that C3 levels showed a significant (P≤0.05) elevation in patients compared to healthy females. C4 levels demonstrated significantly (P≤0.05) elevation in patients that compared to healthy females. IL-6 levels significantly (P <0.05) increased in patients compared with control group (4.15±0.65 pg/ml). IL-17 concentration in serum of patients showed a significant (P <0.05) increased in patients compared with healthy ones. T and A alleles of IFN-γ T / A +874 locus had distinct results when repeated distribution was used to compare women who had breast cancer to healthy individuals. In the patient BC sample, the T allele was 42.4%, while the allele T in the control group was 71.4%. While the allele A in the sample of BC patients, which is 57.6%, compared to the allele A in control group, which was 28.6%.
Conclusions: This study suggests that elevated IL-6 and IL-17 levels, along with specific IFN-γ gene polymorphisms, could serve as potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk and prognosis.
Stakeholder Views on Harmful Effects of Herbicides in Four Communities in Birim South District, Ghana
Authors: HORDZI Wisdom Harrison Kofi , BOATEY Gabriel Obeng
Published: December 2024

The study investigated stakeholder perceptions of the harmful effects of herbicides in four communities within the Birim South District of Ghana. It seeks to understand the views of Junior High School students, their teachers, and local farmers concerning the health and environmental risks posed by herbicides. A cross-sectional survey involving 90 students, 30 teachers, and 60 farmers was conducted using a structured questionnaire with close-ended items. Descriptive analysis showed that all respondent groups agreed on the harmful effects of herbicides, particularly on water contamination, soil fertility, and health. The study highlighted a strong consensus among respondents regarding the adverse impacts of herbicides on plant biodiversity, wildlife, and air quality. However, discrepancies emerged concerning knowledge of air pollution and specific health risks like endocrine disruption. Farmers exhibited the highest awareness of herbicide-related risks compared to teachers and students. Concerns were also raised about the involvement of children in herbicide application, with evidence suggesting potential negative impacts on their academic performance and health. The findings call for enhanced educational programs targeting all stakeholders to correct misconceptions and promote safer herbicide practices.
Perception of Childhood Routine Immunisation among Adults in Selected Communities of Ido Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwamotemi Christiana Adeyoola , Oluwatosin Oyenihun Abimbola , Olonisakin Bolatito Toyin , Akinboade Adeyemi ldowu , Adelekan Ademola Lukman
Published: December 2024

Aims: Immunisation is one of the medical achievements of the twentieth century; however, some vaccines are receiving less and less support. Increasing people's understanding of vaccination's direct advantages, beyond avoiding infectious diseases, may aid in regaining vaccine acceptance for children two years and below. The study determines the perception of childhood routine immunization among adults in selected communities of Ido Local Government Area, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Study Design:  Mixed method study design.
Methodology: A mixed-method study design that adopted a multi-stage sampling technique to select 417 respondents for the study was used. Two instruments were used for data collection: a questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. The questionnaire assessed perceived severity and benefits with 36 items each, and scores below < 19 and score ≥ 19 were categorized as low and high for each variable, respectively. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential (Chi-square) statistics at a significance level 0.05. The qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic approach
Results: There were 41(9.8%) men and 376(90.2%) women, totaling 417 adults. The respondents 208 (49.9%) have a Secondary School Certificate, the highest educational qualification among the respondents. Results also revealed that 172(41.3%) of respondents had good knowledge about children's routine vaccinations. About 396(95.0%) had a high severity level of vaccine-preventable diseases. Also, 409(98.1%) had high perceived benefits of immunization uptake.
Conclusion: This study showed a high level of perceived benefits of immunization uptake among the respondents. Since respondents perceptions of childhood routine immunization and education level were substantially correlated, the government should encourage and improve maternal education.
Assessing the Impact of Tephritid Fruit Flies on Diverse Fruit and Vegetable Crops in West Bengal's Terai Agro-ecological Region
Authors: Meghana Tangella , Laskar Nripendra
Published: December 2024

The flies belong to the family Tephritidae of the Insect order Diptera and are referred to as Fruit flies because they infest various fruits and vegetables. Globally, Dacinae fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera Macquart are one of the most important pests of fruits and vegetables. A study was conducted during 2021, to assess the association of tephritids with different fruits and vegetables like Ber, Citrus, Guava, Mango, Bottle gourd, Cucumber and Pumpkin. A total of nine species were collected by installing traps comprising of sex attractants such as Cue-lure, Methyl Eugenol and by rearing from Infested fruits. Among nine, six species were collected through cue-lure traps namely Zeugodacus tau (Walker), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coq.), Bactrocera rubigina (Wang and Zhao), Zeugodacus caudatus (Fabricus), Bactrocera divenderi (Maneesh, Hancock and Prabhakar) and Dacus longicornis (Wiedemann). Two species were collected through methyl eugenol traps namely Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Four species namely Zeugodacus tau (Walker), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coq.), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) were recovered from infested fruits of ber, citrus, bottle gourd, cucumber and pumpkin. Species richness in different fields was maximum in citrus and from the recovery of infested fruits maximum in ber. Species composition of Z.tau was maximum in pumpkin, and bottle gourd and B. dorsalis were maximum in mango, guava, ber and citrus. Species composition of Z. tau were recovered maximum from infested pumpkin and cucumber, Z. cucurbitae were recovered maximum from infested bottle gourd and B. dorsalis were recovered maximum from infested ber and citrus fruits. Relative abundance of Z. tau was recorded maximum in pumpkin and bottle gourd and B. dorsalis was recorded maximum in mango, guava, ber and citrus. A relative abundance of Z. tau was recovered maximum in pumpkin and cucumber-infested fruits, Z. cucurbitae were recovered maximum from bottle gourd-infested fruits and B. dorsalis were recovered maximum from ber and citrus-infested fruits. In different fields, species evenness was observed maximum in citrus and from recovery of infested fruits maximum in ber.
Development of an Indoor Line Scanning System for Photovoltaic Modules Performance Characterization
Authors: Oboo Moses , Okello Denis , Okullo Willy , Oryema Bosco
Published: December 2024

Uganda’s interest in using solar energy for various applications began 20 years ago. However, there have been numerous reports by the public over the poor performance of the photovoltaic (PV) modules during their operations. This study determined the performance of selected PV modules openly sold in the Ugandan markets. The low-cost indoor line scanning system developed using locally available materials was used to assess the performance of each of the solar cells in the PV module by determining their photogenerated currents. In addition, the electrical characteristics of the PV modules were determined using the outdoor characterization method, which assumed the actual operation of the PV modules under direct sunlight. From the indoor line scans, the percentage of performing solar cells in the three PV modules of single-crystalline silicon (c-Si), multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si), and amorphous silicon (a-Si) technologies were determined as 79%, 61%, and 95% respectively.  The outdoor characterization results revealed that the c-Si, mc-Si, and a-Si PV modules had measured maximum power outputs of 18.5 W, 19.0 W, and 18.9 W, respectively and these were lower than the rated power values of 20 W. The line scan results had a direct relationship with the measured power output of the PV module, which implied that solar cells mismatch, affected the performance of the PV modules by lowering their performance. This developed testing system is affordable for developing countries with limited testing systems and would in the long run contribute to significant increase in the deployment of PV technology in Uganda since only performing PV modules would be allowed into the open market.
Impact of Solar Bubble Drying on Milling Quality of Large-scale Paddy
Authors: Jyoti Yogendra Kumar , Mishra Nikita , Dash Sanjaya K
Published: December 2024

Rice is the staple food for a large part of human population, in particular for the hundreds of millions of Asians, Africans, and Latin Americans living in the tropics and subtropics should be "About 65% of the population in India. For the offseason utilization of paddy, drying is critical for long-term storage. To address the challenge of low-cost drying methods in rural areas, the drying performance of the solar bubble dryer (SBD), developed by IRRI, was compared against open sun drying (SD) and solar tunnel drying (STD) under the climatic conditions of Odisha. SBD provides a more consistent and controlled temperature, which helps preserve the quality of the paddy. SBD can handle larger quantities of paddy than traditional solar dryers which reduces operational cost. After drying process milling properties of raw paddy rice were evaluated and found that total rice yield was 68.70±1.21 % for solar bubble dryer, 67.44±1.39% for solar tunnel dryer and 66.63±1.71% for solar drying. The head rice yield was higher (56.24±0.80%) for paddy dried using SBD compared to sun drying method (52.46±1.09%) and solar tunnel drying method (54.35±0.19%). Based on the statistical analysis, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that SBD is statistically significant compared to STD and SD in terms of drying efficiency. The results suggest that SBD can effectively reduce the moisture content of paddy, making it a more efficient drying method. In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence that solar bubble drying is an effective method for improving the milling quality of large-scale paddy, resulting in higher quality rice, reduced energy consumption, and increased economic benefits for rural farmers and processors.
Behavioral Insights into Farmers Adoption of Improved Rapeseed-mustard Cultivation Practices in North Bank Plain Zone of Assam, India
Authors: Gogoi Bidyut P , Bhuyan Neelakshi , Borthakur Abhilasha K , Sirilakshmi Yasa , Gogoi Rekhamoni , Dutta Maitrayee
Published: December 2024

The study examines the adoption behavior of farmers regarding improved rapeseed-mustard cultivation practices in the North Bank Plain Zone of Assam. The primary objective was to analyze the socio-economic factors and adoption levels associated with technological interventions in rapeseed-mustard farming. A purposive simple random sampling method was employed, selecting 240 respondents from four districts. Data were collected using pre-tested interview schedule and analyzed using statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient. Results revealed that 67.50 per cent of farmers demonstrated a medium level of adoption, while 21.67 per cent had a high adoption level. Socio-economic factors such as age, education, landholding, annual income, mass media exposure, and risk-bearing ability significantly influenced adoption behavior. Farmers with higher risk-bearing ability (42.92%) and medium to high achievement motivation (70.83%) adopted practices more effectively. Key barriers included inadequate awareness of advanced techniques and limited resources. The findings suggest that targeted extension services like delivering personalized advice, training, and resources that address the specific challenges faced by farmers in adopting improved practices of this crop, knowledge dissemination, and access to resources can enhance adoption levels. Encouraging risk-taking and achievement motivation through capacity-building programs can further improve the adoption of improved cultivation practices.
Ultrasound Assisted Hybrid Technologies for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Razak Noorbina , Prince M. Varghese , Shaju Ann Annie , Rajesh G. K. , Sreeja R. , Baby Lilia
Published: December 2024

The sustainable and efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from natural resources offers a promising alternative to synthetic additives and formulations. These compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids and polysaccharides possess antioxidant, antimicrobial and many therapeutic effects rendering them highly demandable by various industries. Conventional extraction methods often exhibit drawbacks such as high energy consumption, excessive solvent usage, prolonged processing times, low extraction yields, and negative environmental impacts. To address these limitations, innovative extraction technologies have emerged, providing more sustainable and efficient solutions. Ultrasound is a promising technology used for extraction of these beneficial compounds with enhanced yield and quality. It can assist various other extraction technologies including microwave assisted extraction, ohmic heating, enzyme extraction, subcritical water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction to obtain high quality extracts. The cavitation and the resulted effects of ultrasound facilitated the cell wall rupture enhancing the mass transfer making the cell structure more accessible by the other extraction technologies for the efficient extraction. This synergistic approach of ultrasound and other mentioned extraction technologies results in increased extraction yields and improved product quality by reducing extraction time, minimizing solvent consumption, and utilizing moderate energy inputs.
Evaluation of Vegetative Characteristics of White Wine Grape Varieties for Growth and Yield Parameters in Semi-arid Conditions of India
Authors: P.K. Ausari , R.G. Somkuwar , P.K.S. Gurjar , I.S. Naruka , Gupta Gaurav
Published: December 2024

The present study was conducted at ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune during fruiting season of 2022-2023 and 2023-24. The variety Sauvignon Blanc stood out among white wine varieties, showing superior growth parameters like pruned biomass (0.853 Kg/vine), shoot length (102.56 cm), internodal length (7.89 cm), number of leaves (25.61/fruiting shoot) and yield parameter like number of bunches (60.50/vine). Minimum days taken to bud sprout (8.50 days) and higher shoot diameter (7.94 mm) was recorded in Charak-2. Higher leaf area was recorded in Riesling (3532.27 cm2/fruiting shoot) and Muscat Petit (150.21 cm2/leaf) varieties. Higher chlorophyll content was recorded in White Muscat (22.28 mg/ml). Higher number of berries (157.56/bunch) recorded in Trebbiano. Yield-related metrics like bunch weight (183.20 g) higher in Muscat Petit, 100 berry weight (186.80 g) in Riesling, yield in Marsanne (8.53 kg/vine and 10.32 MT/acre) for pooled mean basis.
Effects of Lactobacillus sporogenes Supplementation on Growth Performance, Survival, Immune Parameters, and Disease Resistance in Labeo rohita Challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Nesara K. M. , Baglodi V. , Jayaraj E. G. , Nasren S. , Mamun M.A.A.
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on the growth performance, immune responses, and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. The diet was prepared with four levels of L. sporogenes supplementation, viz.104 cfu g-1 (F1), 106 cfu g-1 (F2), 108 cfu g-1 (F3) and a control diet without supplementation (F0), fed in triplicates for 90 days. Diet containing different levels of L. sporogenes at 104 cfu g-1 (F1), 106 cfu g-1 (F2), 108 cfu g-1 (F3) and without (F0, control) in triplicates for 90 days. Results indicated significant (p<0.05) increase in weight performance and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 108 cfu g-1 (F3) compared to control group (F0). Probiotic supplementation (F2, F3) led to a noticeable and statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the non-specific immunological reponses including superoxide anion production (SAP), total serum protein, and lysozyme function, compared to the group without supplementation (F0). Furthermore, the probiotic supplemented group exhibited a substantial significant (p<0.05) decline in the in the cumulative percent mortality (F1: 23.33±0.5; F2: 26.67±1.15 and F3: 30±1.35) compared to the group without probiotic supplementation (F0: CPM-73.33%) when challenged with A. hydrophila. Therefore, overall present study recommended that higher level inclusion of L. sporogenes can significantly enhance the growth performance, immune function, and ability to resist diseases in L. rohita when challenged with A. hydrophila infection.
Economic Evaluation of Prudent Antibiotic Usage Campaigns: Enhancing Healthcare Quality and Reducing Costs
Authors: Radja Benny Lumban , Lestari Endang Sri
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective: Irrational use of antibiotics is a major cause of antibiotic resistance and increases healthcare costs. Promoting the prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals is an essential effort to improve the quality of antibiotic use among healthcare workers. This study aims to evaluate the quality and cost analysis of antibiotic use in surgical cases at RSND Semarang before and after the campaign for prudent antibiotic use.
Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test. The sample consisted of 86 patient medical records of surgical cases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at RSND. Data on the quality of antibiotic use were obtained from the medical records and analyzed by the RSND PPRA team using the Van Meer and Gyssens criteria. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, and a cost analysis was conducted before and after the campaign for prudent antibiotic use.
Results: The study found a significant difference in the quality and cost of antibiotic use in surgical cases at RSND Semarang before and after the campaign. Out of 44 medical records and 76 antibiotic prescriptions, the most frequently prescribed antibiotics were Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, and Cefadroxil. The majority of antibiotics were categorized under Category V (no indication), accounting for 47.3%. The cost of antibiotic use in inappropriate categories (I-IV) was 1,003,630 IDR, while for Category V it was 497,606 IDR. The cost of appropriate antibiotic use (Category 0) was the lowest, at 332,653 IDR.
Conclusion: The use of antibiotics without proper indication and inappropriately contributes the highest costs, with the most expensive being the inappropriate use of antibiotics. This highlights the importance of prudent antibiotic management to reduce unnecessary healthcare expenses and combat antibiotic resistance.
Assessment and Planning Green Open Spaces for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study in Kota Kisaran Timur, Asahan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Situmorang Yohannes R.N , Purwoko Agus , Nasution Zulkifli
Published: December 2024

The provision of Green Open Space (GOS) in Kota Kisaran Timur, located in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia, falls critically below national standards. In 2023, only 81.46 hectares of GOS were recorded, reflecting minimal growth from 71.58 hectares in 2013, while rapid urbanization significantly increased built-up areas. This study assesses the current state of GOS in Kota Kisaran Timur, projects future requirements based on population growth, and identifies optimal locations for new GOS development using GIS-based spatial analysis. Results reveal that the subdistrict requires a minimum of 522.64 hectares of GOS to meet the national standard of 20% GOS coverage. By 2043, a projected population of 122,421 will necessitate 244,842 m² of public GOS, yet only two villages—Selawan and Siumbut Baru—currently meet these needs. Among the subdistrict’s villages, Mutiara Village emerges as the most suitable site for new park development due to its extensive vacant land and ability to serve the largest population. This research provides a strategic framework for addressing GOS deficits at the subdistrict level and offers actionable insights for policymakers to ensure sustainable and equitable urban development.
A Viagem Como Forma De Apreensão Da Realidade: Uma Experiência Na Contemporaneidade
Authors: Boaventura Deusa Maria Rodrigues , Gonçalves Alexandre Ribeiro , Zechin Patrick , Neto Eurípedes Afonso Da Silva , Pereira Pedro Henrique Máximo
Published: December 2024

This article explores travel as a pedagogical and aesthetic method in the field of architecture and urbanism,
proposing an approach grounded in Baumgarten's aesthetic science and the experience of the Valparaíso School
in Chile. By distinguishing between sensitive and intellective knowledge, Baumgarten laid the foundation for
aesthetics as a science, enabling the application of its principles to diverse fields, including architecture. Through
the methodological tripod – planning, action, and recording – travel is presented as a practice of sensory
enjoyment, critical reflection, and the construction of an aesthetic repertoire. The analysis considers the
exploration journeys of the 19th century, which combined sensory perception and scientific records, drawing a
parallel with the Crossings of the Valparaíso School. Since 1965, these Crossings have merged poetry,
architectural research, and the construction of ephemeral works, constituting an unorthodox form of teaching
that transcends traditional academic travel. During the action phase, Poetic Acts and collective interventions are
performed in public spaces, celebrating American identity and fostering cultural exchange with local
communities. The recording of experiences, through drawings, diaries, and architectural works, consolidates
learning and broadens participants' repertoires. The practices of the Valparaíso School illustrate how travel can
serve as a contemporary tool for understanding geographic and architectural space, offering an alternative to
the homogeneous and standardized thinking of modernity. By questioning traditional modes of apprehending reality, the Crossings reaffirm the relevance of aesthetic science as a mediator between the sensory and the rational, advancing an innovative and transformative pedagogical practice.
Rosa Luxemburg And The Contradictions Of Capitalism: Imperialism And Capital Accumulation
Authors: Nunes Ricardo Da Costa
Published: December 2024

Background: This article examines the capitalist system and its evolution through the work of Rosa Luxemburg,
comparing her analysis with that of Karl Marx. Luxemburg's work differs from Marx's in her belief in capitalism's
dependence on external markets. For Luxemburg, external markets are fundamental for realising unconsumed
surplus value. As external markets are gradually incorporated into the capitalist system, it is allowed to expand
by integrating new territories and economies. At first, this process appears to ease economic pressures by
providing outlets for surplus production. However, over time, these markets lose their capacity to absorb the
growing surpluses as they become fully integrated into the system. This creates what can be described as a
boomerang effect: the solution that temporarily mitigates economic imbalances exacerbates realisation
difficulties. As these challenges intensify, the system increasingly relies on imperialist practices to sustain capital
accumulation. What initially helps to address surplus production ultimately exacerbates realisation issues,
deepening systemic contradictions and further entrenching the need for imperialist strategies. In contrast, Marx
focuses on the internal contradictions of capitalism, such as the conflict between capital and labour and the
tendency for the rate of profit to fall. This tendency is driven by the rising organic composition of capital, which,
in turn, results from competition among capitalists. Both authors highlight that capitalist development involves
destroying pre-capitalist modes of production and integrating these economies into the system, driven by the
superior productivity of capital compared to earlier forms of production. Thus, the article explores how these dynamics reveal the limits of capitalism, contributing to discussions on its recurring crises.
Research On Consumers' Perception Of Shopping On Social E-Commerce Platforms: A Case Study Of Xiaohongshu
Authors: Chen I-Ching , Xie Xiaojuan
Published: December 2024

Background: The rise of social e-commerce platforms provides consumers with convenient, personalized, and
social shopping experiences. Among these platforms, Xiaohongshu's user base and influence have been steadily
growing, quickly making it one of the most influential e-commerce platforms in China. Therefore, this study will
use Xiaohongshu as an example to explore the factors influencing consumers' purchase intentions on social ecommerce platforms.
Materials and Methods: An in-depth analysis of Xiaohongshu's marketing effectiveness can reveal successful
models of social e-commerce and provide references for other companies, promoting industry development. This
study will employ the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) and analyze related literature and cases to investigate
the marketing effectiveness of Xiaohongshu. It will explore the impact of word-of-mouth effects, user experience,
and User-generated Content (UGC) on consumers' purchase perceptions and analyze the factors influencing
these perceptions in-depth.
Results: Leveraging its strong community atmosphere and user-generated content, Xiaohongshu has successfully
enhanced consumers' purchase intentions, strengthened brand influence, and promoted the dissemination of
UGC. However, the platform needs to overcome challenges related to credibility of word-of-mouth, user stickiness, and the quality of products and services to ensure sustainable development and improve user shopping experience.
Essential Bone Cyst Of The Calcaneus In A Child: A Case Report
Authors: Hind Abou El Jaoud , Tayeb Bentayeb , Lamiae Chater
Published: December 2024

The essential bone cyst is a benign tumor in children, preferentially affecting the upper end of the humerus and
femur. The localization at the level of the calcaneus is rare. The objective of this work is to highlight the diagnostic
and therapeutic problems of this localization. We present a case of an essential bone cyst of the calcaneus in an
18-year-old patient who experienced unilateral left talalgia, progressing gradually over one month. A standard
radiography and a CT scan showed an appearance favoring an essential bone cyst. The treatment consisted of curettage and filling with autograft harvested from the iliac crest. The histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis
"Preventive Prosthodontics: An In-Depth Review Of Strategies And Practices"
Authors: . .
Published: December 2024

Prosthodontics is a specialized field within dentistry dedicated to the restoration and maintenance of oral
function, comfort, aesthetics, and overall health. This is achieved through the replacement of lost teeth or the
restoration of natural teeth and craniofacial tissues using biocompatible materials. By addressing the functional
and aesthetic deficits caused by tooth loss or damage, prosthodontics plays a critical role in enhancing patients'
quality of life. On the other hand, "preventive dentistry" encompasses a range of practices and strategies designed
to prevent oral health issues before they occur. These methods are implemented both in community dental health
programs and individual dental practices, with the primary goal of averting the onset of oral diseases and
discrepancies. Preventive dentistry is integral to modern dental care, as it emphasizes the preservation of oral
structures, thereby reducing the need for more invasive prosthetic treatments in the future. This narrative review
aims to synthesize existing knowledge and practices in the emerging field of preventive prosthodontics. By
integrating principles from both prosthodontics and preventive dentistry, this review seeks to provide valuable
insights for dental professionals. The ultimate goal is to promote improved patient care and oral health outcomes
by encouraging preventive approaches that minimize the need for extensive prosthetic interventions. This
comprehensive examination of preventive prosthodontics highlights its importance in the broader context of modern dentistry, offering guidance for dental practitioners committed to enhancing patient well-being through proactive oral health management
Sustainable Construction Practices For Affordable Housing: A Focus On Green Building In The U.S
Authors: . .
Published: December 2024

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of sustainable construction in affordable housing across the U.S.,
presenting key techniques such as energy-efficient materials, renewable energy installations, and adherence to
green certifications like LEED, Energy Star for Homes, and Living Building Challenge. Through evaluation of
some case studies that include projects on sustainable housing in Texas, California, and other global examples,
the article explores how sustainable practices can reduce operational costs, and improve healthy living and
environmental impact. Results from the study show that projects integrating solar energy and optimized
construction methods that involve heat regulations, water conservation, use of sustainable materials, lower utility
expenses, enhance indoor comfort, and improve community health. By reducing long-term costs and
environmental footprints, sustainable building techniques present a viable solution to the affordable housing crisis, with the potential to be scaled nationally.
Determination of pectin from Orange, Pomegranate, Lemon and Banana fruits
Authors: Muhammet Sinan Mithat , Kalayci Sukru
Published: December 2024

In this study, the amount of pectin was determined from the peels of waste orange, pomegranate, lemon and
banana fruits consumed especially in winter months. The pectin in these waste fruit peels was extracted using
100 mL of 50% ethyl alcohol-water mixture. HPLC method was used for pectin analysis. Calibration graph was
drawn according to known pectin concentrations. Validation values of the method were measured. Extracted fruit peel samples were analyzed for pectin amounts by HPLC using the appropriate procedure.
Perceptions Of Workers In A Mid-Western City Of Santa Catarina About The Reduction Of Working Hours
Authors: Barp Caroline Letícia , Bragagnolo Sandra Mara , Baade Joel Haroldo
Published: December 2024

Background: The reduction of working hours has been a widely debated topic in recent years, associated with
workers' desire for better living conditions and a schedule that allows for more free time outside of work. This
growing interest is based on the search for a balance between personal and professional life, the encouragement
of productivity, and the promotion of workers' mental well-being. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of
workers in Caçador, SC, regarding the reduction of working hours, focusing on variables related to well-being,
productivity, and work-life balance. A qualitative approach with a descriptive and exploratory typology was used,
along with a questionnaire. The research reveals that the responding workers view the reduction of working hours
as beneficial for quality of life, although they acknowledge cultural and economic barriers. The association
between shorter working hours and greater job satisfaction was highlighted, but the practical challenges of
implementation still concern the participants. This study contributes to the debate on policies that promote
healthier and more balanced work environments.
Materials and Methods: This article investigates the perceptions of workers in a city in midwestern Santa
Catarina regarding the reduction of working hours. A qualitative approach was employed, as the data collected
consists of respondents' perceptions, which were analyzed interpretatively.
Results: The research reveals that the responding workers view the reduction of working hours as beneficial for
quality of life, although they acknowledge cultural and economic barriers. The association between shorter
working hours and greater job satisfaction was highlighted, but the practical challenges of implementation still
concern the participants. This study contributes to the debate on policies that promote healthier and more
balanced work environments.
Conclusion: The research on reducing working hours in Caçador revealed that, although there is widespread
recognition of the benefits of shorter working hours—both for mental health and work-life balance—the
implementation of such practices faces significant challenges. Workers' perceptions indicate concerns about institutional and economic difficulties, as well as the impact on employer-employee relationships.
Impacto Da Implementação De Sistemas Integrados De Gestão Na Eficiência Operacional De Pequenas E Médias Empresas De Manaus: Um Estudo Comparativo
Authors: Albuquerque Pedro Henrique Da Silva , Chagas Izabela Beatriz De Araujo , Kruger E Juliano Milton
Published: December 2024

Este estudo examina o impacto da implementação de Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (SIG) na eficiência
operacional de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) em Manaus. A pesquisa explora como a adoção desses
sistemas, que integram funções como finanças, vendas, logística e recursos humanos, influencia a
produtividade e a tomada de decisão. Utilizando uma abordagem exploratório-descritiva de natureza aplicada,
a análise combinou métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Foram coletados dados por meio de questionários
aplicados a 19 colaboradores de PMEs, abrangendo tanto usuários quanto não usuários de SIG. Os resultados
indicam que as empresas que implementaram SIG relataram benefícios como maior precisão financeira,
controle de estoque e eficiência na resposta ao cliente. No entanto, os desafios incluem a necessidade de
treinamento e a resistência. As empresas que não utilizam SIG citaram falta de conhecimento e confiança em
sistemas atuais como barreiras. Conclui-se que os SIG são ferramentas estratégicas para melhorar a
competitividade e a eficiência das PMEs, embora enfrentem desafios na implementação. O estudo contribui
para a literatura sobre gestão empresarial ao destacar a relevância dos SIG no contexto de Manaus e sugere a ampliação de pesquisas para outros setores e regiões, com foco em superar barreiras de adoção e maximizar os benefícios operacionais.
Retirement Age In Brazil: Impacts And Challenges For The Efficiency Of The Pension System
Authors: Silva Bruno De Andrade Da , Leite Paulo André De Carvalho , Kruger Juliano Milton
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the efficiency of the changes introduced by the 2019 pension reform, focusing on the
impacts on the INSS fund and its beneficiaries. Using the classification methodology proposed by Kruger (2023),
which systematizes the analysis of public policies in terms of efficiency, equity, and sustainability, the research
adopts an explanatory-descriptive approach of an applied nature. The study investigates and describes the
implications of the new rules for beneficiaries of the General Social Security Regime (Regime Geral de
Previdência Social, RGPS). The results indicate that the requirement of a minimum retirement age and the
increase in contribution time aim to improve the financial sustainability of the system, significantly reducing the
pension deficit in the long term. However, the impacts are uneven: vulnerable groups, such as informal workers
and less developed regions, face greater difficulties in meeting the new requirements. Additionally, the complexity
of the rules creates barriers to understanding and accessing benefits. The conclusion highlights that, although the
reform has the potential to enhance the efficiency of the RGPS system, its benefits depend on complementary policies that promote the formalization of labor and reduce regional inequalities. Financial sustainability alone is insufficient to ensure a fair and inclusive social security system.