bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-fire restoration of pine forests in the Badary area, Tunkinskiy National Park, Russia
Authors:   V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch RAS, Atutova Zhanna V.
Published: March 2023

A morphological variety of pyrogenic transformations characterises burnt areas of the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park (Russia), from heavily damaged areas with a partially remained forest stand to bare spaces of tens of square metres. This enabled us to study the dynamics of the post-fire reproduction of Pinus sylvestris (hereinafter – pine) forests in areas with various environmental conditions. The main goal of our study was to determine the nature of the pyrogenic transformation of ecosystems and to evaluate the success of the forest reproduction. The studies were based on the geobotanical monitoring in two burnt-out areas, differing in the degree and area of wildfire damage due to a creeping fire in 2010. Between 2014 and 2020, we considered the multi-temporal specificity of the species composition of the forest stand, shrub layer, and plant communities. The emergence of the first shoots of undergrowth and new growth has been recorded. The projective cover and the dynamics of the species abundance in all forest layers were fixed. The analysis of the natural reforestation dynamics revealed a similarity of the main geobotanical indicators. Pine seedlings dominated in the undergrowth of the study sites, with a small proportion of Betula pendula. The shrub layer consisted of Rosa acicularis. Rhododendron dauricum has been found there only at the late stage of the study. In the herbaceous layer, the largest proportion was represented by meadow species, with a small participation of forest plants. Differences were revealed during the emergence of first seedlings of undergrowth and new growth, as well as in the size of projective cover of species in all forest layers. The first pine seedlings on a heavily burnt-out study plot were recorded a year earlier than on a less transformed plot. Nevertheless, the height increment and the projective cover of the undergrowth were significantly higher on the burnt-out area of a medium damage degree. On the heavily fire-damaged area, we observed pine seedlings planted by the staff of the Tunkinskiy National Park. A satisfactory rate of seedling survival at the initial stage and further deceleration of growth parameters have been noted. The obtained results indicate the reforestation success and, therefore, a favourable forecast of post-fire recovery of light-coniferous forests in the Badary area of the Tunkinskiy National Park.
Use of Tinkercad as part of programming in elementary school computer science classes
Authors: Takáč Ondrej , Kanta Robert , Takáčová Andrea
Published: March 2023

The possibility of teaching programming in the form of blocks represents a great benefit and is becoming very widespread nowadays. Whether we are talking about children's programming languages, Lego MINDSTORMS or even Arduino programming. It is in connection with Arduino, especially for beginners who do not have sufficient knowledge, that it is appropriate to learn programming not directly on real hardware, but e.g. using the appropriate application. This will reduce the risk of damaging the Arduino by unwanted or inadequate intervention. Such an application is Autodesk Tinkercad. In our post, we will point out the possibility of facilitating learning the meaning of the ASCII table, using a practical example.
Role of Teaching Assistants in Upgrading Learning Quality in SMPN 20 Kendari
Authors: Sain Yuliana , Yusriani Windari , Badrun Muhamad , Yuliani Yuliani , Haizan Nur , Razak Al Fatah
Published: March 2023

This service is motivated by the Education Assistance Activities Batch 3, as a form of implementation of the Learning Merdeka Campus Merdeka (MBKM) in the form of educational assistance that allows students to support their learning process in high school. The program is based on six months of face-to-face classes. This program will be carried out to determine whether there is an increase in learning outcomes after the educational assistance program is implemented at SMPN 20 Kendari. The methods used are classroom observation, teacher-student collaboration, and direct instruction, learning design, and learning assessment. As a result of these activities, the learning outcomes produced by students during the learning process increased significantly.
Psychogenic Needs of Affection in Novel "Warm Bodies" by Isaac Marion: A Psychological Approach
Authors: Zadira Aditya , Rudianto Gaguk
Published: March 2023

This Research aims is to analyze and describe the form of Psychogenic needs of affection the needs of affection of the main character in “Warm Bodies” novel by Isaac Marion. In this research, researcher uses the Needs of Affection theory of Henry Murray. In the research design, researcher uses descriptive qualitative research, the primarily data is the Novel Warm Bodies by Isaac Marion which was published in 2011. The researcher uses Non-participatory observation as method of collecting the data. The researcher uses categorization data as the method of analyzing data. The researcher found the data all form the main character of the novel needs of affection based on experienced by main characters which are involved R and Julie. There are form of Psychogenic needs of affection such as need of affiliation found 3 data, need of rejection found 2 data, need of succorance found 2 data, need of nurturance 2 data and need of play found 1 data.
The Effect of Mind Mapping and Semantic Mapping on Reading Comprehension of the Eleventh Graders of Senior High School
Authors: Sinambela Erika , Padang Immanuel , Pasaribu Arsen Nahum
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the effect of Mind Mapping and Semantic Mapping techniques on students’ reading comprehension. This research was an experimental quantitative study involving three classes, they were experimental class 1, experimental class 2 and control class. In the experimental classes, the writer applied the Mind Mapping technique and the Semantic Mapping technique while in the control class the method did not apply. The population of this research was students from class XI of Methodist Berastagi. The writer used 105 students as samples; this research sample was taken using random sampling technique. It were about 35 from XI-A class and 35 from XI-B class as experimental class and 35 from XI-C class as control class. To obtain data, the author used a reading test, as an instrument in data collection. This test consisted of two types, namely pre-test and post-test. Based on ANOVA testing P= 0.52 > 0.05 or F count = 7.65 > F table = 2 significantly affected. It can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted while the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mind Mapping and Semantic Mapping significantly affect the achievement on students’ reading comprehension in narrative text. Based on the explanation above, the writer can choose these techniques as alternatives in learning.
Teacher Perspective: Managing Students’ Behavior Problem in Teaching English at Primary School
Authors: Humaeroah Humaeroah , Sardi Ahmed , Ermawati Ermawati
Published: March 2023

This research is aimed to discover about students’ behaviors problem that teacher faced in language classroom that may occur in language teaching and learning process at primary schools. The objectives of the research are to find out how to  manage students’ behaviors problem at primary schools, especially in EFL classroom. This research used a descriptive qualitative research design. This research took ten English teachers in primary school as the participants of the research which were been taken through purposive sampling. The data of this research was collected by interview and audio recorder. The research findings show seven category of managing students behavior problem applied by the teachers in the English classroom , they are: positive relationships are developed and maintained between teacher and students, seating arrangement, encourage active learning, encourage experience-based learning, applying ICT in learning, support and strategy, the last is giving punishment. The ability of teachers to organise and manage classroom behaviours of their students is critical to achieving the learning objectives. Although behavioural management does not guarantee effective teaching, it makes improvement possible.
The Correlation between Social Media Usage and Reading Ability of English Department Students at University
Authors: Sadha Mesa Salsabila , Novitri Novitri , Syarfi M.
Published: March 2023

This research aims to find out the correlation between social media usage and reading ability of the English department students at University of Riau. The research design was descriptive correlational that focused on the quantitative approach. The population of the research is the third year students of English department with 73 students involved as the research samples. To collect the data, the researcher used two research instruments; a questionnaire and a test. The questionnaire is to gain the data of the students’ social media usage while the test is for the data of the students’ reading ability. The analysis of the data was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings revealed that the mean score of the students’ social media usage is 53.29, interpreted as ‘average’, whereas the mean score of the students’ reading ability is 66.75, interpreted as ‘good’. Then this research discovered the correlation coefficient between the two variables is 0.622, and following the classification of correlation by Sugiyono (2014), this number denotes a ‘high’ and ‘positive’ correlation. Also, the determinant coefficient is 0.387, indicating that the students’ social media usage has 38.7% influence on their reading ability, leaving the other 61.3% to other factors, such as the complexity of the text, the environmental conditions, the anxiety during reading comprehension, interest and motivation, etc. Having found these findings, it can be confirmed that social media usage can influence students’ English reading ability very well if they start using it wisely.
The Developing of English-Speaking Skill of the Students at Islamic Junior High School by Using Picture
Authors: Suparlan Suparlan , Rosyidi Ahmad Zuhri
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop the English communication skill of the second class of the students of MTs Darul Aminin NW Aikmual Lombok Tengah NTB by using picture to determine the use ofpicture to develop the speaking skill and determine the students' speaking skill after using picture. The study is conducted at the second class of the students of MTs Darul Aminin NW Aikmual Lombok Tengah NTB. There were 40 Students consisting of 26 boys and 16 girls as the subject of the study.This study uses classroom action research (CAR). The results of this study are as follows. First, by applying the picture, it can develop the students' speaking skill. Students able to communicate communicatively, sequentially, well, and correctly, this can be seen after classroom action research has been carried out. Second, by applying the picture to the students in the teaching and the learning process in order to developthe students' English speaking skill, it can be seen through the increasing the results of the scores of English speaking skill.Therefore, it was suggested to the teachers especially the English teachers to used the picture as the teaching material to solve the students' problems not only in the picture but in other English skills too.
Students Collaboration in Developing English Learning E-Module Assisted by Canva
Authors: Lisdawati Ida
Published: March 2023

E-module is needed in the learning process because it can support the learning process to run effectively. Based on the observation conducted by the researchers at three junior high schools in Bandung Barat, textbooks used in learning did not support students to understand the material, so the researchers plan to develop an e-module to help teachers and students in English learning. The purpose of this research is to identify the process of developing an e-module, investigate the feasibility of developing an e-module, find out students’ and teacher’s responses, and investigate the challenges in developing an e-module, but this research focuses on getting the validation result as the primary research. The researchers used the research and development (R&D) method by Borg & Gall and Sugiyono's (2014) model. To get the validation result, the researchers used a validation sheet for collecting the data. Validators in this study were two supervisors and one English teacher. Based on the results of validation, the average value obtained was 80%. It was included in the category of feasible and very interesting with excellent information. It could be concluded that the e-module was feasible, excellent, and practical for English learning. It is in line with the research conducted by Arianti & Zainul (2020). They obtain that e-module included in the category of valid and practical. In learning English, the researcher suggests students and teachers use an e-module because it presents an attractive appearance and suits the need of students. In addition, the researcher hopes this research can be used as a reference for other researchers in conducting the next research.
A Retrospective Study on English Teachers' Strategies to Improve Students' Speaking Fluency
Authors: Siahaan Bunga Yolandita , Rajagukguk Cindi , Saragih Erikson
Published: March 2023

A retrospective study on English teachers' strategies to improve student fluency describes strategies implemented by teachers to enhance student fluency. It is also the most effective strategy for improving the speaking ability of students. Whereas there are many studies on teachers' speaking skills in Indonesia, there are still few studies argue teachers' speaking strategies to improve students' speaking skills. The purpose of this study is to find strategies that teachers can apply to enhance their students' fluency in English and effective strategies that can be used in learning to improve their students' fluency. This research method uses the qualitative research method and survey design. As a research tool, researcher used a questionnaire that was distributed to 10 English teachers who were used as respondents or research subjects by the researchers. The researchers then collected responses from the questionnaire, and from the results of the data collected, the researchers found that the strategies used by teachers had a significant impact on improving students' fluency. The methods used by teachers should be effective and understandable to students. Similar to, use of media to support achievement of learning indicators. Furthermore, teachers must be able to invite students to take an active role in learning by motivating them. Based on this research, we can conclude that speaking is one of the basic skills that language learners must master. Strategies employed by teachers have a significant impact on student fluency development.
The Benefits and Drawbacks of Kahoot: Students’ Perspective
Authors: Bhuana Gartika Pandu
Published: March 2023

Technology and education are inseparable. Many schools or universities have integrated the use of technology in the classroom. The purpose is not only to bring the effectiveness of in the teaching, but also to enhance students’ motivation and participation in learning. Kahoot is one of the educational online games that is mostly used by the teacher. Unfortunately, some students think that there are problems on its usage. This study is intended to investigate the benefits and the drawbacks of Kahoot from students’ perspective. The descriptive qualitative method was considered suitable to be used. There were 50 students at one institution selected as the participants of the study. The data were collected through questionnaire and interview. Overall findings revealed that most of the students had positive attitude to the implementation of Kahoot. It offered the advantages and condition that could not be offered in conventional method.  For example, it provided positive competitiveness and lively atmosphere in the class. However, some drawbacks were found. It was dealt with technical problem, such as internet connection, and the absence of discussion, and the frequency of its usage. Finally, it is suggested for the second language lecture to consider some aspects in the implementation of Kahoot.
Contrato eletrônico
Authors: Rubini Luana Zagonel , Gehelen Maristela Heinen
Published: March 2023

A evolução da sociedade tecnológica com o Direito merece um comparativo. Ao explicar e especificar como acontece essa evolução as características da sociedade digital são uma tendência de diminuição do uso do documento físico, como o papel, na realização dos contratos, tornando-se digital. Toda a problemática dessa substituição é mais cultural do que jurídica, sendo que está amparado no Código Civil. Essa teoria dos contratos não muda do Direito tradicional para o Direito Digital apenas buscam caminhos nos quais a tecnologia possibilite dar a impressão de materialidade aos documentos eletrônicos, analisando sua criação e validação, além da forma como é absorivida a vontade das partes em relação ao contrato. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar um comparativo dessa evolução, além de proporcionar ao leitor explorar as novas faces contratuais trazidas pelo uso da tecnologia nos meios digitais e o desafio da sociedade com este processo e eliminar o papel como sendo o principal suporte de documentação entre as suas relações. O presente artigo foi desenvolvido utilizando o método de pesquisa descritiva, aplicando a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com a finalidade de analisar as formas e características para a eficácia de um contrato eletrônico, partindo de uma revisão bibliográfica composta pelos principais autores da área. O estudo tem caráter essencialmente qualitativo, com ênfase na observação e estudo documental. Foi possível concluir que por ser um acordo de vontades entre as partes, sua finalidade não é alterada, permitindo adquirir, modificar, transferir ou extinguir direitos, com amparo na legislação, e começam a se firmar de forma digital, sendo utilizados atualmente pela sua praticidade, com observância a proteção de seus documentos e dados em gerais.
legitima defesa por agentes de segurança
Authors: Balbinot Annelise Vidi , Silva Rodrigo Vaz
Published: March 2023

A Lei Anticrime traz algumas medidas de combate ao crime, os quais apresentam grave violência e estão diretamente ligados a corrupção e ao crime organizado. A partir de alguns episódios ocorridos no cenário nacional, a legitima defesa por agentes de segurança tornou-se um assunto em destaque, sob a perspectiva da nova lei legitimando a excludente de ilicitude. Baseado na recente lei, o presente artigo busca analisar a excludente de ilicitude tratando-se da defesa por agentes de segurança, e analisar a necessidade da inclusão do novo parágrafo único no artigo 25 do Código Penal. Levando em conta todos os aspectos legais já inclusos e analisados em casos onde existe legitima defesa.
Subsidiariedade do artigo 139, IV do CPC
Authors: Moraes Carolina , Schmidt Jandir Ademar
Published: March 2023

O credor ingressa no judiciário com a pretensão de satisfazer a obrigação, uma vez que não tenha sido adimplida pelo devedor. Até o CPC de 1973 eram admitidas somente medidas típicas no processo de execução. Por se tratar de natureza patrimonial, os devedores encontraram formas de burlar a execução, assim, quando as medidas típicas eram esgotadas pelo judiciário, a esperança do credor no adimplemento, também acabava se esgotando. Com o advento do CPC de 2015, passou a ser permitido o uso de medidas atípicas, onde o magistrado as aplica, à luz do artigo 139, IV do Código de Processo Civil. O que pretendo mostrar no decorrer do presente artigo, é que a utilização das medidas atípicas, por sua variedade e liberdade do judiciário em sua aplicação, obedecendo princípios básicos, traz mais eficácia em sua aplicação ante as medidas típicas. Embora a atipicidade na execução tem por objetivo o efetivo cumprimento da obrigação, há grande discussão na comunidade jurídica acerca da violação de princípios constitucionais através da sua aplicação, como por exemplo, a dignidade da pessoa humana e o direito de ir e vir. Além da maturação do judiciário com relação ao artigo 139, IV do CPC, outro tema de discussão entre os juristas, é a aplicação subsidiária, ou não, do artigo. Com isso o objetivo do presente artigo é realizar uma análise da aplicação subsidiária das medidas atípicas, e demonstrar a sua eficácia para o cumprimento da execução processual. Por se tratar de medida coercitiva, tem se aplicado de forma subsidiária, somente quando esgotadas as demais medidas, o que acaba sendo inútil, pois se o devedor ao sofrer sanções mais brandas, não quita sua inadimplência, usa-las subsidiariamente não traz efeito desejado.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF GLIAL BRAIN TUMORS
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, ASHUROV R.G. , KOROTKEVICH E.A. ,   Scientific and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, SIDOROVICH R.R. ,   Scientific and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: March 2023

Objective: To improve the treatment results of patients with brain glioma of varying degrees of malignancy by improving post-operative diagnostics and surgical tactics. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 843 patients was carried out. Examined indicators of overall survival according to the degree of malignancy of neoplasms and the use of modern surgical technologies. The prospective analysis included 118 patients with brain glioma located in the functionally significant brain zones. Specified patients in addition to the standard neuroimaging study, diffusion-tensor tractography, surgical interventions used neuronavigation, microsurgical and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring techniques. Results: Among treated patients with brain gliomas, the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-years overall survival probability amounted accordingly 60.9%, 37.6%, 32.3%, and 22.7%, with median survival rates of 1.42 years, respectively. Implementation of both navigation and microsurgery technique during surgery significantly improved long-term outcomes, especially for high level malignant gliomas (p=0,005). When comparing the frequency of postoperative neurologic deficits in the main and control groups, revealed a statistically significant difference (p1 =0.049). Conclusion: The diagnostic algorithm optimization and improvement of the surgical approach contribute to improving the results of treatment in patients with brain gliomas. Keywords: Brain, glial tumours, surgery, perioperative diagnostics.
NEW APPROACHES TO REDUCING MORTALITY IN SEVERE COMBINED CRANIOCEREBRAL INJURY
Authors:   Department of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Military Field Surgery, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, RAZZOKOV A.A. , NAZAROV M.K. ,   Tursunzade Central Regional Hospital, Tursunzade, Tajikistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: The decline of the lethality in severe combined craniocerebral injury (SCCI) by implementing a program of diagnosis and treatment of fat embolic syndrome (FES) identification methods. Methods: Analyzed data on 338 patients with SCCI at the age of 18 to 68 years, which depending on the diagnosis and treatment tactics distributed to the control group (42.6%) and the main group (57.4%). Treatment of patients of the control group carried out traditionally, and in the main group – taking into account the results of identification of fat globulemia and neuroimaging data. Results: Common to both groups of patients were signs arising from the overlap of symptoms of FES and craniocerebral trauma – and other impaired consciousness, hypoxia, etc. In the main group, FES diagnosed in 33 (17.0%) patients, in 99 (51.0 %) – craniocerebral trauma and in 62 (32.0%) – their combination. In general, in the main group, clinical manifestations of FES detected in 95 (49.0%) patients, including 12 (12.6%) in the classical, 9 (9.5%) – clinical, 31 (32.6%) – subclinical form, and 43 (45.3%) patients had no clinical manifestations of fat globulemia. Mortality in the control and main groups was 40.3% and 26.8%, respectively Conclusion: The introduction to the system of diagnostic considered lesions of FES identification methods and neuroimaging data, as well as differentiated treatment tactics, contributed to a 13.5% decrease in mortality rate. Keywords: Combined trauma, craniocerebral trauma, fat globulemia, fat embolic syndrome, lethality.
Pengaruh Berbagai Metode Ekstraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) terhadap Rendemen Ekstrak dan Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Authors: Mawarda Ayida , Samsul Erwin , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: March 2023

The bulb of  Eleutherine americana Merr is a typical Kalimantan plant that has many medicinal properties. Many studies have been carried out with various extraction methods used to determine the compounds contained in the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr. This study aims to determine the effect of the method and the extraction time on the yield value and thin layer chromatography profile (TLC) of the bulb of Eleutherine americana Merr extract. The extraction method uses 96% ethanol solvent using the maceration method for 2 weeks and ultrasonic bath method with time variables of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The yield of maceration extract was 12% and the ultrasonic bath method was 12.5%, 17.5%, and 15% (10, 20, 30 minutes). In the TLC test there were no differences in the spot patterns of the two extraction methods. So it can be concluded that the extraction method affects the yield of extract but does not affect the extract compound content seen from the TLC spot pattern.
Seleksi Parameter yang Mempengaruhi Sintesis Kalkon dengan Metode Plackett-Burman
Authors: Sugiyamin Indah Silvia , Farah Harra Ismi , Rahmadani Agung , Narsa Angga Cipta
Published: March 2023

Chalcone is a compound that has various biological activities. The organic synthesis approach has been widely used to obtain chalcone compouds. The aim of this research is to select the main parameters which influence chalcone synthesis. This study was conducted using Plackett-Burman experimental design. Of eleven parameters used, eight of them showed a significant effect on the yield of chalcones namely temperature, reaction time, mole number of benzaldehyde, volume of acetophenone solvent, incubation time, volume of distilled water, volume of benzaldehyde solvent, catalyst volume and dummy. In addition, the highest yield is 32.43%.
Optimasi Formula Spray Gel Ekstrak Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr)
Authors: Maulidya Maulidya , Aryati Fika , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: March 2023

The ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana has the potential for anti-inflammatory activity to be developed into a preparation that is a practical spray gel to use. The aim of this study is to made a spray gel containing ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana. Spray gel preparation was prepared by varying the concentration of Carbopol as a gelling agent with a concentration of F1 (0.4%), F2 (0.6%), and F3 (0.8%) with active substances and evaluated physical stability. Data from the results of physical stability testing in statistical analysis. Organoleptic test results and homogenity of ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana spray gel from all formulas showed stable, pH was in the range of 5.2-6.1 and Viscosity in formulas 1, 2, and 3 were respectively 0.65-1323 (Pa.s ) this condition is still within the range of viscosity of spray gel formulation, and have a spread pattern. While the formula 2 and 3, the viscosity is not eligible.
Sintesis 2’-Hidroksi-5’-Kloro-3,5-Dimetoksi-4-Hidroksikalkon
Authors: Amanuddin Amanuddin , Arifian Hanggara , Rahmadani Agung , Rusli Rolan
Published: March 2023

Chalcone are compounds that have 2 aromatic rings connected by 3 carbon atoms which are an ?, ? unsaturated carbonyl system that have various biological activities. 2'-hydroxy-5'-chloro-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxicalcone was synthesized from 2'-hydroxy-5'-chloro acetophenone and syringaldehyde using a NaOH catalyst. This compound was purified using Column Chromatography by isocratic method using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (15:1) as eluent. This compound has a Rf 0.75 and 2.7% of yield.
Karakteristik Gel Sariawan Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam sebagai Antimikroba dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol
Authors: Sari Karmila Puspita , Fadraersada Jaka , Prasetya Fajar
Published: March 2023

Betel plant is a terna plant that can be used as an antifungal, antimicrobial and antioxidant. Black betel leaf is proven to contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavanoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids. Gel preparations are used aimed at prolonging the contact time of the preparation with the target location, extending the absorption time and increasing the therapeutic effect. This study aims to determine the characteristics of gel extract of black betel leaf. Black betel leaf extract was obtained by macerating with 70% ethanol into an oral gel preparation as an antimicrobial with carbopol concentration variations. The results of antimicrobial test showed that 5% concentration of black betel leaf extract could increase the growth of Streptoccus sanguinis with inhibition zone diameter 6.261 ± 1.425mm and Candida albicans with inhibition zone diameter 5.152 ± 0.952mm. Black betel leaf extract gel formula F3 with 1.5% carbopol concentration is the best formula that has greenish black, betel and mint flavored, and has a thick and homogeneous shape. It has a viscosity of 2.266 Pa.s, has a pH of 5.37 and spread power 4.37cm.
Pengaruh Jus Buah Nanas Kombinasi Madu sebagai Penurun Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Angelika Lia , Annisa Nurul , Prasetya Fajar
Published: March 2023

Hypertension is a disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure in systolic and diastolic blood vessels that exceeds the normal blood pressure on repeated examinations. Pineapple and honey empirically and scientifically can be efficacious for lowering blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to look at the characteristics of age, gender, smoking habits, exercise habits as well as the history of hypertension patient's disease and the effect and effectiveness of the administration of pineapple honey juice to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension at UPTD Tresanti Werdha Nirwana Puri Samarinda and on Jl. S.Parman 1 RT. 02 & RT. 03 Kelurahan Gunung Kelua Samarinda. The research design used was the Pretest and Posttest One Design Group, to as many as 9 patients. The study was conducted for 7 days, then every day patients were given treatment in the form of giving pineapple juice as much as 200 grams and 20 mL honey once a day and blood pressure was measured before and after treatment. The results of this study indicate a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients who consume honey combination pineapple fruit juice.
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Sebagai Model Hewan Coba pada Pengujian Aktivitas Obat
Authors: Indriyanti Niken
Published: March 2023

Perkembangan metode penelitian menggunakan hewan coba sering terkendala pada aspek 3R (reduce, replace, refinement). Untuk melakukan skrining aktivitas peneliti sering dihadapkan pada pilihan menggunakan hewan coba golongan rodent dalam jumlah banyak. Sedangkan pilihan menggunakan larva udang menawarkan pilihan jenis pengujian yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keunggulan dan kelemahan metode uji aktivitas menggunakan model zebrafish (Danio rerio). Penelitian dilakukan secara metaanalisis menggunakan berbagai literatur yang diakses dari Pubmed, Sciencedirect, dan Google Scholar. Metode pengujian menggunakan zebrafish menunjukkan keunggulan pada pengamatan perilaku setelah pemberian bahan uji, terutama yang berkaitan dengan sistem saraf. Sedangkan untuk pengujian aktivitas terhadap jantung, pengamatan perilaku fisik kurang menunjukkan perbedaan yang berarti, namun penelusuran aktivitas terhadap otot jantung dapat dilakukan dengan metode pewarnaan histopatologi. Pengamatan molekular tersebut mampu menunjukkan kemampuan kontraksi dan relaksasi otot jantung. Pengamatan pada fungsi pengaturan tekanan darah dan fungsi sistem pencernaan juga dapat terpantau jelas jika menggunakan model zebrafish transgenik. Model zebrafish hasil rekayasa ini dapat terlihat bening sehingga ritme kerja organ dalamnya terrekam menghasilkan data pengamatan yang valid. Sehingga, untuk penelitian skrining uji aktivitas suatu bahan, penggunaan zebrafish menjadi salah satu pilihan yang tepat.
Pemberian Kombinasi Buah Alpukat (Persea americana) dan Rebusan Air Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Alwie Wanda Millenia , Masyithah Nur , Kuncoro Hadi
Published: March 2023

Avocado and bay leaves contain flavonoids which can have an effect on lowering blood pressure. This study aims to determine the characteristics of hypertension patient respondents including age, gender, education, occupation, family history and antihypertensive drugs consumed and to determine the effect of giving a combination of avocado juice and bay leaf water boiled in Samarinda Ulu District. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design and research procedures by measuring before and after treatment. The collection of data on the characteristics of respondents obtained the highest percentage is the category of female gender as much as 67%, age 56-60 years as much as 42%, elementary education as much as 33%, work housewife 58%, having a family history of 75 % and the antihypertensive drug that was consumed by amlodipine was 100%. The results of data analysis using the independent sample T test showed that the p-value for the control-treatment systolic group and the control-treatment diastolic group was 0.000 (p-value
Efek Aromaterapi Peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.) pada Penurunan Tekanan Darah
Authors: Aini Tiya Nur , Mita Nur , Indriyanti Niken
Published: March 2023

Mint leaves (Mentha arvensis L.) are an example of a plant that can produce essential oils. The distinctive aroma of mint leaves provides a relaxing effect that affects the blood pressure of hypertensive patients. This study aims to look at the characteristics, patient response, and the effect of presenting peppermint aromatherapy to hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Mamburungan Tarakan. The research method used a quasy experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest design with a sample size of 20 people. The criteria for respondents who were the subject of the study were 50% of the sexes of women and men. The age with the highest proportion is 56-60 years old as much as 50%. The occupation with the highest proportion was housewives as much as 30%. The results of the study of the patient's response to aromatherapy preparations obtained the respondent's preferred level with a proportion of 90%. The effect of giving aromatherapy felt by the respondents was 75% fresh and 25% relaxed. Respondents would prefer it if peppermint oil was made in roll on dosage form (70%), compared to spray form (25%) and diffuser (5%). The results showed that there was an effect of peppermint aromatherapy on systolic blood pressure before the intervention took place with an average of 162,117 mmHg and after intervention it was 150,683 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure before intervention was 98.63 mmHg and after intervention it became 93.23 mmHg. The results of the descriptive research on peppermint aromatherapy are in line with the results of statistical analysis using the wilcoxon method and the paired sample t-test which has a p value of
Studi Literatur: Efek Pemberian Obat Herbal terhadap Penderita COVID-19
Authors: Anggraini Cyntia Bella , Mayasari Dewi , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is a disease that has never been identified in the human body before and is highly contagious. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the high number of casualties due to COVID-19, many ways have been done to treat the outbreak of this virus. One of them is the use of herbal medicines from plants that are believed to cure people with COVID-19. This study aims to describe the impact of herbal medicine on patients with Covid-19. Literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. Literature search strategy using keywords Traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, COVID-19, new coronavirus pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2. The results obtained, namely from 10 literature show that herbal treatment can reduce symptoms of Covid-19 and boost the immune system. The use of herbal medicines for COVID-19 needs to be considered carefully to support the limited scientific data.
Studi Literatur: Skrining Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Farmakologi Tanaman Kelor
(Moringa oleifera Lam)
Authors: Isyraqi Nur Amiiroh , Rahmawati Dewi , Sastyarina Yurika
Published: March 2023

Indonesia has a wide variety of plants that can be used as medicinal ingredients. Biodiversity in Indonesia has a lot of potential as medicine so that it needs to be further explored regarding its properties for health. Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) belongs to the genus Moringaceae. Moringa plants have been widely used by the community as an herbal treatment to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to collect information related to phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities of moringa plants using literature study methods. Literature search using appropriate keywords online using national and international indexed databases for the last 10 years (2010 to 2020). Based on the 18 literature that has been collected, the results obtained are chemical compounds identified in Moringa plants, including Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Triterpenoids, Tannins, and Steroids. While the pharmacological activities found in moringa are antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemic, analgesic, anti-cancer, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and antimicrobial activities.
The Features of the Circle of Willis on Multislice Computed Tomography in Humans Without Cerebral Vascular Malformations
Authors: Van Ngoc Doan , Anh Tuan Tran , Dinh Au Hoang
Published: March 2023

Abstract: A study of 135 cases without cerebral vascular malformations who were scan MSCT of cerebral arteries at Bach Mai hospital during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. Result: mean diameter of cerebral artery segments: left and right A1 segments: 2.28 ± 0.47 and 2.19 ± 0.53 mm; AcomA: 1.71 ± 0.68 mm; left and right M1 segments: 2.82 ± 0.46 mm and 2.8 ± 0.49 mm; left and right PcomA: 1.62 ± 0.5 mm and 1.67 ± 0.48 mm; left and right P1 segments: 2.22 ± 0.49 mm and 2.22 ± 0.56 mm; left and right P2 segments: 2.32 ± 0.38 mm and 2.35 ± 0.36 mm; BA: 3.41 ± 0.69 mm. The diameters of the cerebral arteries were similar in both sexes, with no difference on the right and left sides of the ring of Willis. The diameter of the edges of the Willis circle varied from aplastic and hypoplastic, which was mainly seen in the AcomA, PcomA, the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery, and P1 of the posterior cerebral artery. The transformations of the Willis ring included 17 forms, of which four simple transformations of the anterior part, four simple transformations of the posterior part, and nine combined transformations between the anterior and posterior parts. Mainly found aplasia or hypoplasia of the AcomA 14.1% and the PcomA 12.6%. Conclusion: the index of normalization of the segments of the Willis polygon and its variant forms contributed to bolder intervention planning in cerebrovascular disease treatment.

Keywords: Circle of Willis, Cerebral arteries, MSCT.
Analysis of Drug Procurement Results in Vietnam from 2013 to 2020
Authors: Thi Hai Yen Nguyen , Hiep Phung The , Thi My Dung Nguyen , Danh Le Ngoc , Ngan Thai Hue , Nguyen Le Dang Tu
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Drug procurement bidding has always been under the government’s particular concern to assure drug quality, stabilize drug costs, and enhance the use of domestic drugs. A retrospective study analyzes data from the drug procurement results in Vietnam from 2013 to 2020 based on the results reported to the Drug Administration of Vietnam. The rate of drugs selected through the bidding process in Hanoi and HCMC accounted for the highest proportion in the country with 17.5% and 14.3%, respectively. The number of selected drugs with domestic origins had seen a gradual increase over the years with 4545 drugs during 2020, which was 2.2 times higher than that of 2013 (2079 drugs). Generic drugs in group 3 with domestic origins comprised the highest proportion of both quantity and value compared to drugs in other groups. Antiparasitic drugs and anti-infectives had the highest value rates among pharmacological groups with over 20%. During the research period, the costs of selected drugs tended to witness a decreasing trend, accounting for 60% of drugs. Only 9% of the drugs had their values remain unchanged, and the other 31% saw an increase in these values. State bidding procurement policies are making positive effects in lowering drug costs and encouraging domestic drug use. However, the value rate of domestic drugs is still lower than that of imported ones. It is necessary for domestic pharmaceutical enterprises to invest in developing factories, actively find domestic ingredient sources, and focus on specific medications in great demand.

Keywords: Drug bidding, drug price, generic bidding package, original brand name bidding package, period of 2013-2020, Vietnam.
Towards Developing Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship Models for the Design of Novel Influenza A Inhibitors Targeting Neuraminidase
Authors: Thanh Ly Cong
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Anti-influenza-A drugs targeting viral neuraminidase have been in use for two decades. In this study, the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of oseltamivir derivatives as influenza neuraminidase (IN) inhibitors have been explored using the Monte Carlo method based on the target function involving the index of the ideality of correlation. Three best-obtained models showed appropriate performance with R2 values of training and test sets ranging from 0.71 to 0.86, respectively. Based on the structural information extracted from the models, new inhibitors were designed and predicted for IN activities. Finally, protein docking was applied to confirm their target binding ability.

Keyword: Anti-influenza A; neuramidase inhibitor; drug design; QSAR; docking.
In Vivo Bioequivalence Study of Drug: An Analysis of Related Regulations in Current Pharmaceutical Legislation in Vietnam
Authors: Quoc Hung Tang , Thanh Hai Nguyen , Bich Ngoc Tran
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Implementation of in vivo bioequivalence study is a growing trend in the pharmaceutical industry in Vietnam and over the world. These studies are required in order to demonstrate whether a generic drug is a bioequivalence to an innovator’s drug or to an original brand name drug. At present, there are 26 active ingredients that have to provide in vivo bioequivalence study report for drug registration in Vietnam. In the next few years, this number will gradually increase. Therefore, the government should introduce promotion, development, and preferential policies for enterprises to invest in these ingredients. This paper aims to provide general guidelines on regulations of in vivo bioequivalence studies for pharmaceutical enterprises in Vietnam and support the initial implementation of these studies in practice.

Keywords: Bioequivalence, BABE, BE, Regulations.
Investigation of Lyophilized Microspheres Loaded with Leuprolide Acetate
Authors: Thanh Lam Nguyen , Giao Thong Ngo , Thi My Duyem Tran , Thi Thuong Bui , Thi Hai Yen Tran
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Leuprolide acetate (LA) - a nonapeptide, used for the treatment of some hormone-depending diseases, is unstable and very susceptible to degradation in the aqueous media. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) is a copolymer of lactide and glycolide, that has generated tremendous interest in pharmaceutics because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. PLGA is used for the preparation of biocompatible biodegradable extended-release microspheres. However, the PLGA undergoes hydrolytic degradation in an aqueous environment through cleavage of its backbone ester linkages. As a consequence, PLGA-based microspheres loaded with LA are usually lyophilized to ensure the stability of LA and PGLA and reduce agglomeration, sedimentation, and size change of microspheres during storage. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the influence of lyoprotectants namely mannitol, trehalose, lactose, and saccharose on the stability of LA and characteristics of PLGA-based microspheres loaded with LA upon lyophilization. DSC and FTIR were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of LA and lyoprotectants. The results showed that there was no incompatibility between the LA and lyoprotectants. Mannitol solution 1.25% was used in freeze-drying PLGA-based microspheres loaded with LA. The obtained lyophilized microspheres had a good appearance and low moisture. Lyophilized microspheres after reconstitution had no significant change in drug content, size, and size distribution in comparison to that before freeze-drying.

Keywords: Leuprolide acetate, PGLA, lyophilized, stability, biodegradable microspheres.
Research on the Preparation of Self-nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Gynostemma pentaphyllum Dry Extract for Application in Skin Care Cosmetics
Authors: Giang Vu Thi Thu , Thuy Hanh Pham , Van Lam Nguyen
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino is a rich source of the herb in Vietnam. The gypenosides in this herb are triterpenoid saponins that have been shown to have moisturizing, antioxidant, and anti-aging effects on the skin. However, gypenosides are hydrophilic and have a large molecular weight with a bulk molecular structure which prevents them from penetrating and absorbing into the skin. To apply the natural active ingredients from herbs into skin care cosmetics, this research developed self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing Gynostemma pentaphyllum dry extract and applied them to emulgel skin care cosmetics. Prepared SNEDDS could self-emulsify in the water to form nanoemulsions with dispersed droplet sizes less than 20 nm with PDI < 0.3. The proportion of saponin entrapped in the oil droplets of nano emulsification was more than 90%. When combined with emulgel excipients, the obtained cosmetic products had nano-sized dispersed droplets less than 200 nm with uniform droplet size distribution, which are promising for application when further research is carried out.

Keywords: Self-nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS), Gymnostemma pentaphyllum dry extract, cosmetic, emulgel, nano-emulsion.