bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G protein-coupled and ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium ion channels are essential for HIV entry
Authors: Dubey Ravi C. , Mishra Nawneet , Gaur Ritu
Published: March 2019

The high genetic diversity of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has hindered the development of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs against it. Hence, there is a continuous need for identification of new antiviral targets. HIV exploits specific host proteins also known as HIV-dependency factors during its replication inside the cell. Potassium channels play a crucial role in the life cycle of several viruses by modulating ion homeostasis, cell signaling, cell cycle, and cell death. In this study, using pharmacological tools, we have identified that HIV utilizes distinct cellular potassium channels at various steps in its life cycle. Members of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel family, G protein-coupled (GIRK), and ATP-sensitive (KATP) are involved in HIV entry. Blocking these channels using specific inhibitors reduces HIV entry. Another member, Kir 1.1 plays a role post entry as inhibiting this channel inhibits virus production and release. These inhibitors are not toxic to the cells at the concentration used in the study. We have further identified the possible mechanism through which these potassium channels regulate HIV entry by using a slow-response potential-sensitive probe DIBAC4(3) and have observed that blocking these potassium channels inhibits membrane depolarization which then inhibits HIV entry and virus release as well. These results demonstrate for the first time, the important role of Kir channel members in HIV-1 infection and suggest that these K+ channels could serve as a safe therapeutic target for treatment of HIV/AIDS.
Enhanced proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells through a self-healing injectable hydrogel
Authors: Jiang Fang , Tang Zhimin , Zhang Yuanhao , Ju Yahan , Gao Huiqin , Sun Na , Liu Feng , Gu Ping , Zhang Weian
Published: March 2019

Fabrication of self-healing injectable CS-Odex hydrogels via a dynamic Schiff-base linkage for RPC delivery.
Development of a microdevice-based human mesenchymal stem cell-mediated drug delivery system
Authors: Xia Junfei , Tsai Ang-Chen , Cheng Wenhao , Yuan Xuegang , Ma Teng , Guan Jingjiao
Published: March 2019

Cell-mediated drug delivery systems utilize living cells as vehicles to achieve controlled delivery of drugs.
DEAD-box RNA helicases Dbp2, Ded1 and Mss116 bind to G-quadruplex nucleic acids and destabilize G-quadruplex RNA
Authors: Gao Jun , Byrd Alicia K. , Zybailov Boris L. , Marecki John C. , Guderyon Michael J. , Edwards Andrea D. , Chib Shubeena , West Kirk L. , Waldrip Zachary J. , Mackintosh Samuel G. , Gao Zhaofeng , Putnam Andrea A. , Jankowsky Eckhard , Raney Kevin D.
Published: March 2019

DEAD-box RNA helicases Dbp2, Ded1 and Mss116 bind to G-quadruplex nucleic acids and destabilize G-quadruplex RNA.
Enhanced radiosensitization of ternary Cu3BiSe3 nanoparticles by photo-induced hyperthermia in the second near-infrared biological window
Authors: Du Jiangfeng , Wang Xin , Dong Xinghua , Zhang Chenyang , Mei Linqiang , Zang Yuan , Yan Liang , Zhang Hui , Gu Zhanjun
Published: March 2019

PVP-Cu3BiSe3 nanoparticles with strong X-ray attenuation ability and high absorption of NIR-II light could enhance radiothermotherapy and inhibit tumor metastasis.
High-performance electrolytic oxygen evolution with a seamless armor core–shell FeCoNi oxynitride
Authors: Di Jun , Zhu Huiyuan , Xia Jiexiang , Bao Jian , Zhang Pengfei , Yang Shi-Ze , Li Huaming , Dai Sheng
Published: March 2019

Highly active, low-cost, and durable electrocatalysts for the water oxidation reaction are pivotal in energy conversion and storage schemes.
Synthesis, bioactivity, and enzymatic modification of antibacterial thiotetromycin derivatives
Authors: Rothe Marlene L. , Li Jie , Garibay Ernesto , Moore Bradley S. , McKinnie Shaun M. K.
Published: March 2019

Interrogating the bioactivities and enzymatic modification potential of a focused library of novel synthetic thiotetronate compounds.
RAFT-mediated polymerisation of dialkylaminoethyl methacrylates in tert-butanol
Authors: Arredondo J. , Champagne P. , Cunningham M. F.
Published: March 2019

Dialkylaminoethyl methacrylates were polymerised by RAFT in tert-butanol to make macro-chain transfer agents for subsequent grafting onto various substrates.
Electro-membrane processes for organic acid recovery
Authors: Handojo L. , Wardani A. K. , Regina D. , Bella C. , Kresnowati M. T. A. P. , Wenten I. G.
Published: March 2019

With an increase in the organic acid requirement, the publication of organic acids recovery has been increased over the years.
A comparative study of side-chain-type poly(ether ether ketone) anion exchange membrane functionalized with different hetero-cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium groups
Authors: Yao Dan , Wei Tonghui , Shang Lichao , Na Hui , Zhao Chengji
Published: March 2019

Anion exchange membranes based on side-chain-type quarternized poly(ether ether ketone)s QPEEKs containing different hetero-cycloaliphatic quaternary ammonium groups were prepared via polycondensation, bromomethylation and quaternization.
Microparticle self-assembly induced by travelling surface acoustic waves
Authors: Destgeer Ghulam , Hashmi Ali , Park Jinsoo , Ahmed Husnain , Afzal Muhammad , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: March 2019

We present an acoustofluidic method based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) for the self-assembly of microparticles inside a microfluidic channel.
Retracted Article: Long non-coding RNA GACAT1 alleviates doxorubicin and vincristine resistance through a PTEN/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 regulatory pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Ding Hengxuan , Sun Junfeng , Li Ruixin , Wang Guojun
Published: March 2019

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health problem.
Physicochemical characterization and optimization of glycolipid biosurfactant production by a native strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosaHAK01 and its performance evaluation for the MEOR process
Authors: Khademolhosseini Rasoul , Jafari Arezou , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Hajfarajollah Hamidreza , Noghabi Kambiz Akbari , Manteghian Mehrdad
Published: March 2019

In this study, a glycolipid type of biosurfactant (BS) was produced, its characteristics were evaluated and several flooding tests were conducted in a micromodel to investigate its potential for enhancing oil recovery.
Facile synthesis of g-C3N4 with various morphologies for application in electrochemical detection
Authors: Wang Wenlian , Zhao Junming , Sun Youyi , Zhang Hui
Published: March 2019

In the present study, g-C3N4 with various morphologies was successfully synthesized via a variety of facile in situ methods.
Synthesis and structure of a family of rhodium polystannide clusters [Rh@Sn10]3–, [Rh@Sn12]3–, [Rh2@Sn17]6–and the first triply-fused stannide, [Rh3@Sn24]5–
Authors: Liu Chao , Jin Xiao , Li Lei-Jiao , Xu Jun , McGrady John E. , Sun Zhong-Ming
Published: March 2019

Triply fused cluster: edge shared of three [Rh@Sn10] subunits lead to the largest endohedral polystannide with an entirely new triply fused topology.
Location analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in DNA by polymerase-mediated differential coding
Authors: Tang Feng , Liu Shan , Li Qiao-Ying , Yuan Jun , Li Lin , Wang Yinsheng , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: March 2019

BsuandTthDNA polymerases-mediated DNA replication in conjugation with sequencing enables quantitative and location analysis of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in DNA.
Cross-stream migration of a Brownian droplet in a polymer solution under Poiseuille flow
Authors: Howard Michael P. , Truskett Thomas M. , Nikoubashman Arash
Published: March 2019

Dilute polymer solutions under pressure-driven flow can drive cross-stream migration of a small Brownian droplet to the centerline of a planar microchannel.
Processing of high performance composite cathodes for protonic ceramic fuel cells by exsolution
Authors: Rioja-Monllor Laura , Bernuy-Lopez Carlos , Fontaine Marie-Laure , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari-Ann
Published: March 2019

La0.5Ba0.5CoO3−δ–BaZrO3(LB–BZ)-based composite materials were prepared by a modified Pechini sol–gel method combined with exsolution.
Single-molecule conductance oscillations in alkane rings
Authors: Ismael Ali K. , Lambert Colin J.
Published: March 2019

We investigate the single-molecule electrical conductance of alkane rings connected to gold electrodes and demonstrate that their logarithmic conductances are ocillatory functions of length.
Base excision repair mediated cascading triple-signal amplification for the sensitive detection of human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase
Authors: Zhang Huige , Wang Lili , Xie Yi , Zuo Xianwei , Chen Hongli , Chen Xingguo
Published: March 2019

DNA glycosylase (DG) plays a significant role in repairing DNA lesions, and the dysregulation of DG activity is associated with a variety of human pathologies.
A novel stainless steel needle electrode based on porous gold nanomaterials for the determination of copper in seawater
Authors: Han Haitao , Li Ying , Pan Dawei , Wang Chenchen , Pan Fei , Ding Xiaoyan
Published: March 2019

A stainless-steel needle electrode modified with porous gold and partially sacrificed polydopamine nanospheres was fabricated for the copper detection in seawater.
Inorganic–organic hybridization induced uniaxial zero thermal expansion in MC4O4 (M = Ba, Pb)
Authors: Liu Zhanning , Lin Kun , Ren Yang , Kato Kenichi , Cao Yili , Deng Jinxia , Chen Jun , Xing Xianran
Published: March 2019

We report two inorganic–organic hybrid materials with pillar-layered architectures, BaC4O4 and PbC4O4, which show uniaxial zero thermal expansion (ZTE) along the hybrid direction over a wide temperature range.
Electrochromism of fast photochromic radical complexes forming light-unresponsive stable colored radical cation
Authors: Yamamoto Katsuya , Gomita Isshu , Okajima Hajime , Sakamoto Akira , Mutoh Katsuya , Abe Jiro
Published: March 2019

We demonstrated the electrochromism of photochromic radical complexes containing triaryl imidazole: fast photoswitchable pentaarylbiimidazole (PABI) and the phenoxyl–imidazolyl radical complex (PIC).
A perovskite-type Nd0.75Sr0.25Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ cathode for advanced solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Mulmi Suresh , Thangadurai Venkataraman
Published: March 2019

Perovskite-type Nd0.75Sr0.25Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (NSCF) has shown excellent oxygen reduction reaction properties (an area specific polarization resistance of 0.1 Ω cm2 at 700 °C) as a composite cathode (30 wt% La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ (LSGM)) with remarkable chemical stability under CO2.
Few-layer tin–antimony nanosheets: a novel 2D alloy for superior lithium storage
Authors: Gu Jianan , Ma Jingui , Du Zhiguo , Zhang Chao , Yang Shubin
Published: March 2019

A novel 2D alloy, free-standing few-layer SnSb nanosheets, is fabricated via a liquid-phase exfoliation approach.
Non-radiative decay of an eumelanin monomer: to be or not to be planar
Authors: Ghosh Paulami , Ghosh Debashree
Published: March 2019

The planar and nonplanar non-radiative decay channels of eumelanin monomer.
Thermodynamics and the potential energy landscape: case study of small water clusters
Authors: Dorrell Jordan , B. Pártay Livia
Published: March 2019

We investigated the structure and the thermodynamic properties of small water clusters with the nested sampling computational technique, using two different water models, the coarse-grained mW (up to 25 molecules) and the flexible version of TIP3P (up to 16 molecules).
Deoxyalkylation of guaiacol using haggite structured V4O6(OH)4
Authors: Yan Fei , Wen Zhe , Wu Kai , Cui Kai , Mai Fuhang , Ma Zewei , Sang Yushuai , Bai Yunfei , Chen Hong , Li Yongdan
Published: March 2019

Haggite catalyzes the deoxygenation of guaiacol following the reverse Mars–van Krevelen mechanism.
Desilicated zeolite BEA for the catalytic cracking of LDPE: the interplay between acidic sites' strength and accessibility
Authors: Pyra Kamila , Tarach Karolina A. , Majda Dorota , Góra-Marek Kinga
Published: March 2019

The strength of the acidic sites rules the catalytic cracking: reduced acidic strength is not compensated by an increased accessibility of the acidic sites.
Overcoming transport limitations in miniaturized electrophoretic delivery devices
Authors: Seitanidou Maria , Tybrandt Klas , Berggren Magnus , Simon Daniel T.
Published: March 2019

Combining experimental and theoretical approach, we demonstrate practical solutions to limiting currents in capillary-based electrophoretic delivery devices.
Green light lithography: a general strategy to create active protein and cell micropatterns
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Bartelt Solveig M. , Rasoulinejad Samaneh , Chen Fei , Wegner Seraphine V.
Published: March 2019

Micropatterns of functional protein are important in biotechnology and research.
Functionalized poly(arylene ether sulfone) containing hydroxyl units for the fabrication of durable, superhydrophobic oil/water separation membranes
Authors: Zhang Gang , Yuan Shushan , Cao Sujiao , Yan Guangming , Wang Xiaojun , Yang Jie , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: March 2019

Superhydrophobic fibrous electrospinning membranes for oil/water separation.
Potentiating photodynamic therapy of ICG-loaded nanoparticles by depleting GSH with PEITC
Authors: Hu Hang , Chen Jitang , Yang Hai , Huang Xuetao , Wu Honglian , Wu Yuxin , Li Fenfang , Yi Yunfei , Xiao Chen , Li Yihui , Tang Yuxiang , Li Zifu , Zhang Bixiang , Yang Xiangliang
Published: March 2019

In this work, we rationally combined novel ICG@HES-OA NPs with PEITC for potent PDT. The combination of ICG@HES-OA NPs and PEITC results in synergistic PDT efficacy.
Functional fluorinated polymer materials and preliminary self-healing behavior
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Tawade Bhausaheb V. , Améduri Bruno
Published: March 2019

Effective use of Diels–Alder chemistry led to the development of thermally amendable and self-healing polymeric materials based on a copolymer of cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylmethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate (MAF-Furan) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl α-fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE).
Impacts of 5d electron binding energy and electron–phonon coupling on luminescence of Ce3+ in Li6Y(BO3)3
Authors: Ou Yiyi , Zhou Weijie , Hou Dejian , Brik Mikhail G. , Dorenbos Pieter , Huang Yan , Liang Hongbin
Published: March 2019

The critical issues of Ce3+ luminescence including thermal stability and spectral profile are discussed in this work.
Origin of the anomalous size-dependent increase of capacitance in boron nitride–graphene nanocapacitors
Authors: Ciftja Orion
Published: March 2019

The anomalous size-dependent increase in capacitance in boron nitride–graphene nanocapacitors is a puzzle that has been initially attributed to the negative quantum capacitance exhibited by this particular materials system.
n–n ZnO–Ag2CrO4 heterojunction photoelectrodes with enhanced visible-light photoelectrochemical properties
Authors: Pirhashemi Mahsa , Elhag Sami , Adam Rania E. , Habibi-Yangjeh Aziz , Liu Xianjie , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: March 2019

ZnO NRs hydrothermally grown on Au coated glass substrate, followed by deposition of Ag2CrO4 particles via SILAR route. The content of the Ag2CrO4 particles on the ZnO NRs were controlled by changing the number of SILAR cycles.
Innovative design of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage and versatile applications: a review
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Xiaodong , Wu Dezhen
Published: March 2019

This review focuses on methodologies, technologies and innovative design of microencapsulated PCMs with a variety of shells for versatile applications.
Femtosecond laser induced robust Ti foam based evaporator for efficient solar desalination
Authors: Yin Kai , Yang Shuai , Wu Junrui , Li Yejun , Chu Dongkai , He Jun , Duan Ji-An
Published: March 2019

We report a simple, efficient method to prepare a Ti foam-based evaporator for efficient solar evaporation and desalination.
Cu3P as a novel cathode material for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Li Gangyong , Tu Jiguo , Wang Mingyong , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: March 2019

This paper reports that Cu3P is capable of delivering high specific capacity as the cathode material for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries.
Intercalation of cobaltocene into WS2 nanosheets for enhanced catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Kwak In Hye , Abbas Hafiz Ghulam , Kwon Ik Seon , Park Yun Chang , Seo Jaemin , Cho Min Kyung , Ahn Jae-Pyoung , Seo Hee Won , Park Jeunghee , Kang Hong Seok
Published: March 2019

Cobaltocene-intercalated WS2 nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, which is supported by spin-polarized density functional theory calculations.
Structural prediction and multilayer Li+ storage in two-dimensional VC2 carbide studied by first-principles calculations
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Dashuai , Lian Ruqian , Gao Xinying , Liu Yanhui , Yury Gogotsi , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: March 2019

VC2, a new two-dimensional transition metal carbide containing C2 dimers, shows promising electrochemical properties in LIBs.
Luminescent sequence-dependent materials through a step by step assembly of RE1–1,4-benzendicarboxylate–RE2 (REx = Y3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+) architectures on a silica surface
Authors: Bellucci Luca , Bottaro Gregorio , Labella Luca , Marchetti Fabio , Samaritani Simona , Belli Dell’Amico Daniela , Armelao Lidia
Published: March 2019

Stepwise assembly on a silica surface of ordered sequences of rare earth cations (Y3+, Eu3+, Tb3+) connected by the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate ligand affords sequence-dependent luminescence properties.
Solution structures and biophysical analysis of full-length group A PAKs reveal they are monomeric and auto-inhibited in cis
Authors: Sorrell Fiona J. , Kilian Lena Marie , Elkins Jonathan M.
Published: March 2019

The group A p21-activated kinases (PAKs) exist in an auto-inhibited form until activated by GTPase binding and auto-phosphorylation. In the auto-inhibited form, a regulatory domain binds to the kinase domain (KD) blocking the binding of substrates, and CDC42 or Rac binding to the regulatory domain relieves this auto-inhibition allowing auto-phosphorylation on the KD activation loop. We have determined the crystal structure of the PAK3 catalytic domain and by small angle X-ray scattering, the solution-phase structures of full-length inactive PAK1 and PAK3. The structures reveal a compact but elongated molecular shape that demonstrates that, together with multiple independent biophysical measurements and in contrast with previous assumptions, group A PAKs are monomeric both before and after activation, consistent with an activation mechanism of cis-auto-inhibition and initial cis-auto-phosphorylation, followed by transient dimerisation to allow trans-auto-phosphorylation for full activation, yielding a monomeric active PAK protein.
Increased risk of hepatitis B virus infection amongst individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhu Xia , Ji Yulin , Li Hong , Hou Fengsu , Xiao Chuan , Yuan Ping
Published: March 2019

There have been reports of hepatitis B outbreaks amongst diabetics in long-term care facilities, suggesting that risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is higher in this population. However, the magnitude of the risk and the incidence of HBV infection amongst the general diabetic population in China remains unknown. Data from a cohort study conducted in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China, were retrospectively analyzed in order to address this question. Demographic information was collected using a custom-designed questionnaire, and blood samples were tested for HBV using ELISA. We used multivariate logistic regression to explore the relationship between HBV infection and diabetes, while adjusting for age, sex, region, medical insurance, exposure history, and HBV vaccination. During 2013–2014, a total of 189766 adults were surveyed, of which 7382 were newly infected with HBV, corresponding to an incidence of 3.89%. In this study population, there were 4982 diabetic patients and 182710 non-diabetic individuals. Amongst those with diabetes, 265 (5.32%) were newly infected with HBV. In contrast, 7038 (3.85%) in the non-diabetic population were newly infected with HBV. The relative risk (RR) of HBV infection was 43% higher amongst those diagnosed with diabetes than amongst those not diagnosed (RR 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.63). These results suggest that the risk of HBV infection is higher amongst individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. Hepatitis B vaccination and continuous infection control practices may help to reduce HBV infection in diabetic patients, and should be considered for diabetes management.
The Wound Healing Properties of Betulin from Birch Bark from Bench to Bedside
Authors: Scheffler Armin
Published: March 2019

With central European approval in January 2016 for a betulin-oleogel (Episalvan), used to accelerate wound closure in partial thickness wounds, the herbal active ingredient triterpene dry extract (betulin), from birch bark, was introduced into therapy for the first time. Clinical evidence of accelerated wound healing was provided in a new study design by means of intraindividual comparison of split-thickness skin graft donor wounds and burn wounds. Clinical results of a phase II study evidencing accelerated wound healing in the rare disease epidermolysis bullosa are also available, and a pivotal multi-centre phase III study is currently being conducted. The mode of action affects all three phases of wound healing (inflammation, migration, and differentiation), and it has been possible, in some cases, to shed light on this down to the molecular level. After temporary stimulation of the inflammatory phase, the keratinocytes migrate more rapidly to the wound closure and, finally, epidermal differentiation is stimulated. With this project, we have shown that scientifically founded new developments in phytotherapy are possible in Europe. The active ingredient is new and its indication is for the first time clearly proven in studies. Betulin-oleogel is the first drug of its indication and is patented until 2030. In addition, it is the first phytotherapeutic agent in surgery, and thus opens up a new therapeutic area for phytotherapy. The birch bark contains about 22% betulin in its cork tissue, meaning that the active ingredient is sustainably available from Northern Europeʼs wood-processing industry on a scale of several 100,000 t/a.
Further Structural Modification of Sulfur-Stabilized Silicon Cations with Binaphthyl Backbones
Authors: Shaykhutdinova Polina , Oestreich Martin
Published: March 2019

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of two novel cationic silicon–sulfur Lewis pairs with a chiral 4,4′-disubstituted binaphthyl silepine backbone are described. Both Lewis acids induce significant enantioselectivity in the model Diels–Alder reaction of cyclohexa-1,3-diene and chalcone but additional substitution of the binaphthyl backbone exerts a minimal effect on enantioinduction compared to previously reported Lewis acids. Another silicon cation with a chiral spirocyclic backbone induces enantioselectivity in the same range but its synthesis is laborious.
Synthetic Approaches to Chiral Non-C
2-symmetric N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors
Authors: Czerwiński Paweł , Michalak Michał
Published: March 2019

N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their metal complexes have found applications in many organic transformations. Apart from the privileged C
2-symmetry present in modern enantioselective catalysis, ligands bearing C
1-symmetry have witnessed growing attention due to the better control of process stereoselectivity in many cases. The present review summarizes, for the first time, the seminal synthetic efforts for the preparation of N-heterocyclic carbene precursors exhibiting C
1-symmetry. The well-established methods will be discussed in the light of recent achievements, giving a direct opportunity for comparison of the existing methods, and simultaneously a chance to find the best synthetic pathway for the ideal chiral ligand.

1 Introduction

2 Five-Membered Rings

2.1 Five-Membered Saturated (Imidazolinium) Ring

2.1.1 Amino Alcohol Derivatives

2.1.2 Amino Acid Derivatives

2.1.3 Amine and Diamine Derivatives

2.2 Five-Membered Unsaturated Ring

2.2.1 Cyclization Strategy

2.2.2 Functionalization of the Existing N-Imidazole Ring

3 Triazolium Salts

3.1 Substitution in Oxadiazolium Salts

3.2 Lactam-Derived Triazolium NHC (The Leeper and Knight Methodology)

3.3 Monoterpenoid-Derived NHC Triazolium Salts

3.4 Modifications of the Existing Triazole Ring

4 Thiazole-Derived Salts

4.1 Cyclization of a Thiazolium Ring

4.2 Modifications of the Existing Thiazole Ring

5 Summary and Outlook
Spatial interaction network structure and its influence on new energy enterprise technological innovation capability: Evidence from China
Authors: Su Yi , Yu Yue-qi
Published: March 2019

Improving the new energy enterprise technological innovation capability can effectively protect the ecology of the environment and reduce the consumption of resources. Based on the gravity model and the quadratic assignment procedure analysis method, this paper builds the spatial interaction network of new energy enterprise technology innovation capability. In this paper, we analyse the structural characteristics of the spatial interaction network and explore the main factors that influence it. The results show that the spatial interaction network of new energy enterprise technological innovation capability is robust. The network relations are closely linked, and there is no strict grade in this spatial interaction network. There are both centralization and marginalization trends in this network, and the block division is obvious. In addition, if there is proper reception, transmission capability, economic distance, and geographical distance are the main factors that can impact the interaction strength of this network. According to empirical research results, the relevant policy recommendations for promoting the new energy enterprise technology innovation capability are proposed. The policy recommendations include establishing the new energy technology innovation exchange platform, formulating regional development policies for the new energy enterprise, and improving the regional investment financing mechanism of the new energy enterprise.
Effects of booms of sounding rockets in flowing plasmas
Authors: Paulsson J. J. P. , Miyake Y. , Miloch W. J. , Usui H.
Published: March 2019

Effects of booms of a sounding rocket on rocket charging and on the local plasma conditions are studied with numerical and analytical models accounting for flowing, ionospheric plasmas. Simulations are carried out with a first principles self-consistent Particle-In-Cell numerical code. It is shown that the booms can affect the charging of the payload and disturb the local plasma to a high degree. The boom-to-plasma potential, which varies with the position due to the convective electric field, can lead to significantly different currents, in particular electron currents, to the booms on either side of the rocket. The analytical models for the collected currents considered in this study show good agreement with the simulations. The potential difference between the plasma and the rocket can electrostatically focus the ions to create regions of enhanced ion density downstream of the rocket and can lead to an asymmetric wake. It is shown that ion focusing can be asymmetric between the booms due to the potential gradient. These effects can have implications for instrument placements and data analysis.
A semiempirical effective Hamiltonian based approach for analyzing excited state wave functions and computing excited state absorption spectra using real-time dynamics
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Asher Jason C. , Gagliardi Laura , Cramer Christopher J. , Govind Niranjan
Published: March 2019

We describe a new approach to extract information about an excited state wave function using a reduced orbital space molecular orbital decomposition approach for time-dependent density obtained from real-time dynamics. We also show how this information about the excited state wave function can be used to accelerate the convergence of real-time spectra and model excited state electron dynamics. We have combined this approach with our recent implementation of the real-time intermediate neglect of differential overlap for spectroscopy (INDO/S) to study the solvatochromic shift of Nile Red in acetone, ethanol, toluene and n-hexane solvents, and, for the first time, the excited state absorption spectra of coronene, 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP), zinc phthalocyanine, and nickel TPyP using a semiempirical Hamiltonian.
Ferroelectric polarization-controlled resistive switching in BaTiO3/SmNiO3 epitaxial heterostructures
Authors: Jia Mei-Xiu , Ren Zhong-Qi , Liu Yan-Dong , Cheng Yan , Huang Rong , Xiang Ping-Hua , Tang Xiao-Dong , Tian Bo-Bo , Zhong Ni , Duan Chun-Gang
Published: March 2019

As an emerging phenomenon in oxide heterostructures, the ferroelectric control of electronic transport is attracting considerable research attention. However, the effect of ferroelectric polarization on resistive switching (RS) remains controversial. In this study, to determine the effects of ferroelectric polarization on memory characteristics, ferroelectric and non-ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) films were fabricated using different oxygen partial pressures (Po2) during film growth. A correlated electron oxide, SmNiO3 (SNO), was selected as the bottom electrode. Based on piezoelectric force microscopy, ferroelectricity was verified in the BTO films prepared at Po2 ≥ 3 Pa, whereas the films fabricated at lower Po2 did not exhibit ferroelectricity. Remarkable RS with an ON/OFF ratio of 104% was clearly observed in heterostructures containing ferroelectric BTO, while RS was negligible in structures with non-ferroelectric BTO. The strong ferroelectricity dependence of RS behavior on the BTO/SNO heterostructures was attributed to the ferroelectric control of device transport between bulk-limited current in the low-resistance state and interface-limited conductance in the high-resistance state, which results from the modulation of the potential barrier at the BTO/SNO interface. The findings provide strong evidence for the dominant effect of ferroelectric polarization of BTO on the transport properties of BTO/SNO heterostructures.
Synchronization of spin-torque oscillators via spin pumping
Authors: Taniguchi Tomohiro
Published: March 2019

A theoretical treatise is presented on coupled dynamics between spin torque oscillators consisting of perpendicularly magnetized free layers and in-plane magnetized pinned layers. As a coupling mechanism, an injection of pure spin current from one oscillator to the other is considered because the free layer is capable of emitting the pure spin current by spin pumping effect. The numerical simulation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation indicates that an in-phase synchronization is excited in the oscillators for a wide range of applied current. The results indicate that injection of the spin current by spin pumping is the efficient approach for an enhancement of emission power in spintronics devices using an array of spin torque oscillators.
Modulated magnetic structure in 57Fe doped orthorhombic YbMnO3: A Mössbauer study
Authors: Duttine Mathieu , Wattiaux Alain , Balima Felix , Decorse Claudia , Moutaabbid Hicham , Ryan D. H. , Bonville Pierre
Published: March 2019

In the orthorhombic manganites o-RMnO3, where R is a heavy rare earth (R = Gd-Yb), the Mn3+ sublattice is known to undergo two magnetic transitions. The low temperature phase has an antiferromagnetic structure (collinear or elliptical), which has been well characterized by neutron diffraction in most of these compounds. The intermediate phase, occurring in a narrow temperature range (a few K), is documented for R = Gd–Ho as a collinear modulated structure, incommensurate with the lattice spacings. We report here on a 57Fe Mössbauer study of 2% 57Fe doped o-YbMnO3, where the spin only Fe3+ ion plays the role of a magnetic probe. From the analysis of the shape of the magnetic hyperfine Mössbauer spectra, we show that the magnetic structure of the intermediate phase in o-YbMnO3 (38.0 K < T < 41.5 K) is also modulated and incommensurate.
The binding energy and dynamics of charge-transfer states in organic photovoltaics with low driving force for charge separation
Authors: Dong Yifan , Cha Hyojung , Zhang Jiangbin , Pastor Ernest , Tuladhar Pabitra Shakya , McCulloch Iain , Durrant James R. , Bakulin Artem A.
Published: March 2019

Recent progress in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has been enabled by optimization of the energetic driving force for charge separation, and thus maximization of open-circuit voltage, using non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) materials. In spite of this, the carrier dynamics and relative energies of the key states controlling the photophysics of these systems are still under debate. Herein, we report an in-depth ultrafast spectroscopic study of a representative OPV system based on a polymer donor PffBT4T-2OD and a small-molecule NFA EH-IDTBR. Global analysis of the transient absorption data reveals efficient energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules. The extracted kinetics suggest that slow (∼15 ps) generation of charge carriers is followed by significant geminate recombination. This contrasts with the “reference” PffBT4T-2OD:PC71BM system where bimolecular recombination dominates. Using temperature-dependent pump-push-photocurrent spectroscopy, we estimate the activation energy for the dissociation of bound charge-transfer states in PffBT4T-2OD:EH-IDTBR to be 100 ± 6 meV. We also observe an additional activation energy of 14 ± 7 meV, which we assign to the de-trapping of mobile carriers. This work provides a comprehensive picture of photophysics in a system representing new generation of OPV blends with a small driving force for charge separation.
Energy extraction properties of a flapping wing with an arc-deformable airfoil
Authors: Zhu Bing , Xia Peng , Huang Yun , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2019

The active synchronous deformation in the arc length of an airfoil employed in a flapping wing can improve its energy extraction efficiency. The present study seeks to understand the underlying physics of this energy extraction by conducting transient numerical simulations of a novel arc-deformable flapping foil design based on dynamic mesh technology and a relative heaving motion reference system. The influence of the flapping frequency and the pitching amplitude on the energy extraction efficiency of the flapping foil modeled under a constant arc length is investigated. The effects of the deformation magnitude β and the position of the deformation center on the energy extraction efficiency are also examined at a constant flapping frequency and pitching amplitude. The results show that active synchronous arc deformation can greatly improve the energy extraction efficiency of a flapping foil compared to the efficiency of a conventional non-deformable flapping foil design. In addition, the results provide sets of optimal flapping frequencies and pitching amplitudes for the deformable flapping foil design with fixed deformation parameters and the non-deformable foil design that obtains the highest energy extraction efficiencies. A single high efficiency zone is obtained for the deformable foil design at a relatively high flapping frequency. In contrast, relatively high efficiency zones are obtained for the non-deformable foil design at both a relatively low flapping frequency and a high flapping frequency. The energy extraction efficiency of the deformable flapping foil first increases with increasing β up to a maximum value of β = 0.25 and then decreases with a further increase in β. The energy extraction efficiency of the deformable flapping foil is also demonstrated to increase as the deformation center moves from the leading edge of the foil to the trailing edge, attaining a maximum value when the deformation center coincides with the center of the pitching axis, and then decreases.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Pr2-xNdxFe17 ribbons
Authors: Dahal Bishnu , Kharel Parashu , Ott Thomas , Zhang Wenyong , Valloppilly Shah , Skomski Ralph , Sellmyer David
Published: March 2019

The structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Fe deficient Pr2-xNdxFe17 (x = 0.5, 0.7) alloys prepared by arc-melting and melt-spinning have been investigated. The room temperature x-ray diffraction patterns show that the samples are nearly single-phase and crystallize in the rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type crystal structure. The Curie temperatures determined from the thermomagnetic curves are 302 K and 307 K for Pr1.5Nd0.5Fe17 and Pr1.3Nd0.7Fe17, respectively. The peak magnetic entropy change and the relative cooling power at field change of 50 kOe are 3.01 J/kgK and 345 J/kg for Pr1.5Nd0.5Fe17, and 4.31 J/kgK and 487 J/kg for Pr1.3Nd0.7Fe17, respectively. The absence of magnetic and thermal hysteresis with relatively high cooling efficiency suggests that the alloys have potential for magnetic refrigeration.
Y-shaped magnonic demultiplexer using induced transparency resonances
Authors: Mouadili A. , El Boudouti E. H. , Akjouj A. , Al-Wahsh H. , Djafari-Rouhani B. , Dobrzynski L.
Published: March 2019

We give an analytical demonstration of the possibility to realize a simple magnonic demultiplexer based on induced transparency resonances. The demultiplexer consists on an Y-shaped waveguide with an input line and two output lines. Each line contains two grafted stubs at a given position far from the input line. We derive in closed form the analytical expressions for selective transfer of a single propagating mode through one line keeping the other line unaffected. This is performed through magnonic induced transparency resonances (MIT) characterized by a resonance squeezed between two transmission zeros. The existence of a complete transmission beside a zero transmission, enables to select a given frequency on one output line, by canceling the transmission on the second line as well as the reflection in the input line. Also, we show that despite the existence of a bifurcation of the input line on two output lines, the transmission through each line can be written following a Fano line shape. In addition, in order to understand better the scattering properties of the filtered resonances, we give the analytical expressions of Fano parameter q and quality factor Q of the MIT resonance in each line. The spatial distribution of the spin waves associated to different MIT resonances is performed through an analysis of the magnetization of these modes. Also, the effect of attenuation on the transmission spectra and the quality of demultiplexing is also discussed. The theoretical results are performed using the Green’s function approach which enables to deduce in closed form, the transmission and reflection coefficients as well as the densities of states.
Influence of molecular structure on passive membrane transport: A case study by second harmonic light scattering
Authors: Wilhelm Michael J. , Sharifian Gh. Mohammad , Dai Hai-Lung
Published: March 2019

We present an experimental study, using the surface sensitive technique, second harmonic light scattering (SHS), to examine the influence of structure on the propensity of a molecule to passively diffuse across a phospholipid membrane. Specifically, we monitor the relative tendency of the structurally similar amphiphilic cationic dyes, malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV), to transport across membranes in living cells (E. coli) and biomimetic liposomes. Despite having nearly identical molecular structures, molecular weights, cationic charges, and functional groups, MG is of lower overall symmetry and consequently has a symmetry allowed permanent dipole moment, which CV does not. The two molecules showed drastically different interactions with phospholipid membranes. MG is observed to readily cross the hydrophobic interior of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Conversely, CV does not. Furthermore, experiments conducted with biomimetic liposomes, constructed from the total lipid extract of E. coli and containing no proteins, show that while MG is able to diffuse across the liposome membrane, CV does not. These observations indicate that the SHS results measured with bacteria do not result from the functions of efflux pumps, but suggests that MG possesses an innate molecular property (which is absent in CV) that allows it to passively diffuse across the hydrophobic interior of a phospholipid membrane.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence and lasing properties of CsPbBr3 nanowires
Authors: Liu Zhen , Shang Qiuyu , Li Chun , Zhao Liyun , Gao Yan , Li Qi , Chen Jie , Zhang Shuai , Liu Xinfeng , Fu Yingshuang , Zhang Qing
Published: March 2019

Exploring the exciton-phonon interaction of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanowires (NWs) is not only important to the fundamental understanding of phonon-assisted carrier dynamics but also critical for the development of high performance miniaturized light sources. Herein, we systematically investigated the temperature (T) dependent spontaneous emission (SE) and lasing spectra of chemical vapor deposited CsPbBr3 NWs. We demonstrated that both the SE and the lasing energy were mainly determined by two facts: the electron-phonon interaction (EP) and the lattice thermal expansion (TE). The lattice TE effect plays a key role at T ∼ 78–170 K, therefore both the lasing and SE peaks exhibit a nearly linear blueshift with increasing T. As T > 195 K, the EP interaction becomes dominant, which reduces the blueshift rate of the SE peak and causes a redshift of lasing peaks. These findings will further advance the understanding of the exciton-phonon interaction and the T-dependence of emission properties of lasers and related optoelectronic devices.
Strongly coupled van der Waals heterostructures for high-performance infrared phototransistor
Authors: Li Ningning , Wen Yao , Cheng Ruiqing , Yin Lei , Wang Feng , Li Jie , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Feng Liping , Wang Zhenxing , He Jun
Published: March 2019

The interfacial coupling in van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures can effectively modulate the device performance. In this study, we demonstrate a high performance infrared detector fabricated by direct epitaxial growth of Te nanowires onto a MoS2 monolayer. Such directly grown Te/MoS2 heterostructures show much stronger interfacial coupling than artificially transferred Te/MoS2 hybrids, as evidenced from their Raman and photoluminescence spectra. The strong vdWs interfacial coupling leads to a high performance infrared detector with both ultrahigh photoresponsivity (>103 A/W) and rapid response time (τrising = 15 ms) at the telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm. The anti-bipolar and rectification behaviors observed in the strongly coupled grown Te-MoS2 heterojunction further confirm the effective interfacial coupling. In contrast, the weakly coupled transferred Te-MoS2 heterojunction that is obtained by artificial transfer exhibits negligible anti-bipolar behavior and slight rectification behavior. These findings indicate that the coupled vdWs hybrid structures have great potential for achieving high performance photodetectors.
Harmonic generation in metal-insulator and metal-insulator-metal nanostructures
Authors: Hussain M. M. R. , Agha I. , Gao Z. , de Ceglia D. , Vincenti M. A. , Sarangan A. , Scalora M. , Banerjee P. , Haus J. W.
Published: March 2019

Large reduction in second and third harmonic signals is measured when a sub-nanometer-to-nanometer thick insulator film is deposited over a gold substrate. Such reduction in signal reveals the spilled-out electronic states in the insulator region at the vicinity of the metal-insulator (MI) interface, which are dubbed metal insulator gap states. For metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures, we observe electric-field enhancement saturation and quenching of the third harmonic efficiencies well above the efficiencies for MI samples. The measured harmonics of incident light scattered from the MI and MIM systems are compared with detailed simulations that account for the nonlinear interactions of free electrons spilled out into the insulator and the nonlocality and electron quantum tunneling effects. Two insulator materials (ZnO and Al2O3) are used in the experiments, and atomic layer deposition is used to cover the gold substrate with variable thickness of the insulator films. On the basis of our simulations, we conclude that the observed MIM third-harmonic signal enhancement (and quenching) effects are primarily due to the nonlocal phenomena in an electron gas. As a consequence of our findings, second- and third-harmonic scattering signals can be analyzed to extract the spill-out electron density in the insulator.
Nanoscale analysis of electrical junctions in InGaP nanowires grown by template-assisted selective epitaxy
Authors: Piazza V. , Wirths S. , Bologna N. , Ahmed A. A. , Bayle F. , Schmid H. , Julien F. , Tchernycheva M.
Published: March 2019

We report the analysis of the electrical properties of Inx−1GaxP nanowires (NWs) grown by template-assisted selective epitaxy. The individual NW properties are investigated by means of electron beam induced current microscopy (EBIC) and current-voltage curves acquired on single nano-objects. First, a set of samples containing n-doped InGaP NWs grown on a p-doped Si substrate are investigated. The electrical activity of the hetero-junction between the NWs and the substrate is demonstrated and the material parameters are analyzed, namely, the n-doping level is determined in relation to the dopant flow used during the growth. These results were used to design and elaborate InGaP NWs containing a p-n homo-junction. The electrical activity of the homo-junction is evidenced using EBIC mapping on single NWs, and material parameters (namely, the doping and the minority carrier diffusion lengths) for the p- and n-doped InGaP segments are estimated. Finally, the first proof of a photovoltaic effect from the NW homo-junctions is obtained by photocurrent measurements of a contacted NW array under white light irradiation.
Experimental study of the parameters for stable drop-on-demand inkjet performance
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Derby Brian
Published: March 2019

We present an experimental study of drop-on-demand inkjet behavior, with particular emphasis on the thresholds for drop generation and formation of satellite drops, using inks covering a range of fluid properties. Drop behavior can be represented as a “phase diagram” in a parameter space bound by the dimensionless number Z (the inverse of the Ohnesorge number) and the Weber number of the fluid jet prior to drop formation, Wej. Stable drop generation is found to be bounded by a parallelogram with minimum and maximum values of 2 < Wej < 25. The lower bound indicates where capillary forces prevent drop ejection, and the upper bound indicates the onset of satellite drop formation. For Z < 50, the critical Wej for drop ejection increases with decreasing Z because of the contribution of viscous dissipation during drop formation. This requires an increase in the voltage required to drive the piezoelectric actuator until at Z ≈ 0.3 no drop ejection is possible. With Z > 4, the value of Wej at which satellite drops form decreases with increasing Z until at very large values of Z single drops can no longer form at any Wej. However, despite the large range of fluid properties over which stable drops can form, the need for a large range of both Z and Wej limits the region of practical ink design to the approximate range of 2 < Z < 20. These results are shown to be compatible with current models of the drop formation process reported in the literature.