bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on natural weathering of rattan powder-filled natural rubber composites
Authors: Muniandy Komethi , Ismail Hanafi , Othman Nadras
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the effect of natural weathering on mechanical and morphological properties of rattan powder-filled natural rubber (NR) composites as a function of filler loading and silane coupling agent. The rattan powder samples in the range of 0 to 30 phr were compounded with NR using a laboratory size two-roll mill. The natural weathering test was carried out for six months. The degradation of the samples was evaluated by performing a tensile test, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test. The results indicated that after natural weathering, an increase in stress at 100% elongation (M100) can be seen for samples without the silane coupling agent, whilst M100 was reduced for samples with silane coupling agent. A drastic reduction in tensile strength and elongation at break were observed for all samples due to the photo-oxidation process that occurred during the degradation of the samples. The extent of degradation on the samples’ surfaces and the presence of oxygenated products were confirmed by SEM and FTIR studies, respectively.
Influence of steam explosion pretreatment on the composition and structure of wheat straw
Authors: Cui Li , Liu Zhong , Si Chuanling , Hui Lanfeng , Kang Neng , Zhao Ting
Published: June 2023

Steam explosion pretreatment of wheat straw can solubilize a significant portion of the hemicellulosic component and enhance the enzymatic digestibility of the remaining cellulose for fermentation into ethanol. In this work, wheat straw was pretreated by steam explosion using different steam temperatures and retention times, and the chemical compositions of the raw and steam-exploded wheat straw were analyzed. Results showed that the content of hemicellulose decreased sharply at higher steam temperatures and longer retention times; however, the content of lignin changed inconspicuously. After pretreatment, the characteristics of the straw fiber were investigated by studying their proportion of microfibrils, SEM, and FTIR. To assess the differences among various pretreatment parameters, the concentration of the reducing sugar and glucose conversion were determined. The highest reducing sugar concentration and glucose conversion were achieved at the explosion conditions of a pretreatment temperature of 220 ºC and a residence time of 3 min.
Decolorization applicability of sol-gel matrix-immobilized laccase produced from Ganoderma leucidum using agro-industrial waste
Authors: Irshad Muhammad , Bahadur Bushra Ali , Anwar Zahid , Yaqoob Mehvish , Ijaz Amir , Iqbal Hafiz Muhammad Nasir
Published: June 2023

With the extensive industrial applications of laccase in mind, this study was performed to investigate the decolorization applicability of sol-gel matrix-immobilized laccase. Indigenous G. leucidum laccase (592±6 U/mL) was purified 6.5-fold with a specific activity of 875 U/mg. The purified laccase had a molecular weight of 66 kDa, as evidenced by a single band on SDS-PAGE. Active laccase fractions were immobilized by entrapping in Sol-Gel matrix of trimethoxysilane (TMOS) and propyltetramethoxysilane (PTMS). A maximum of 90.7% immobilization efficiency was achieved with a purified fraction containing 2 mg/mL laccase. An activity profile revealed that immobilized laccase retained 78 to 80% of its original activity at a pH of 4 and a temperature of 80 °C, compared to free laccase. The tolerance capacity of laccase against inactivating agents (cystein, EDTA, and Ag+) was also enhanced by up to 80% by sol-gel immobilization. To explore the decolorization applicability, the immobilized laccase was tested against four different textile industry effluents. After the stipulated reaction time (24 h), varying decolorization percentages of wastewater effluents (with a maximum of 97.3% decolorization) were achieved.
Incorporation of bark and tops in Eucalyptus globulus wood pulping
Authors: Miranda Isabel , Gominho Jorge , Pereira Helena
Published: June 2023

Bark and the tops of E. globulus trees were considered for kraft pulping under industrial conditions. Pulping experiments included wood, bark, tops, and composite samples. Top wood had an average chemical composition most similar to that of wood but with somewhat lower cellulose content (52.8% vs. 56.9%) and higher lignin content (18.8% vs. 17.8%). There was also a small difference between tops and wood for non-polar extractives, which were higher for tops (2.0% vs. 1.4%). Bark had a less favorable chemical composition with more extractives, especially polar extractives (5.3% vs. 1.6%) and 1% NaOH solubility (19.9% vs. 12.2%), pentosans (23.7% vs. 21.3%), and ash (2.9% vs. 1.0%), although the fiber length was higher (1.12 mm vs. 0.98 mm). The kraft pulps obtained using bark showed significantly lower yield, delignification degree, and strength properties but had a quicker response to refining. The incorporation of tops and bark in the wood pulping in levels below or similar to a corresponding whole-stem, however, had a limited effect on pulp yield, kappa number, refining, and pulp strength properties. These additional raw-materials, which were estimated to be 26% of the commercial stem wood (14% bark and 12% tops), may therefore be considered in enlarging the eucalypt fiber feedstock in kraft pulping.
SYNTHESIS OF CALIX[4]ARENES WITH FIXED CONFORMATION AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF FIBRIN POLYMERIZATION
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ahishev D.M. ,   Institute of Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

Aim. The purpose of the present study was to develop a method for the fixation of ‘fixed’ conformation for estimation of the impact of calix[4]arene structure on the efficacy of its anticoagulant activity. This was achieved by substitution of the lower rim of C-145 analogue. Methods.Calix[4]arene C-145F (compound 6) was obtained in 4 steps starting with Duff reaction. Calix[4]arene methylene-bis-phosphonic ester 3 was prepared via addition of diisopropylphosphite in presence of metallic sodium to the parent calix[4]arene aldehyde 2. Further steps included Mitsunobu reaction, that afforded dipropoxycalix[4]arene 5 with rather good yields (80%), following the hydrolysis step that resulted in compound 6 in almost quantitative yield. Modeling of 3D-structure of calix[4]arene C-145 and its analogue C-145F was performed in Maestro, Schrodinger software. Results. Using a 2D NMR-NOESY spectroscopy, we can observe a distinct cross-peak between an aromatic singlet with a chemical shift on 7.72 ppm and protons of isopropyl group with a chemical shift on 1.62 ppm, which are moved in the strong field. Conclusions. The easy method of the fixation of conus conformation of calix[4]arene cup will be useful for synthesis of novel functionally active compounds. We believe that further development and study of different calix[4]arenes will help scientists to obtain bioactive molecules that could be prospective anti-thrombotic drugs.
DETECTION OF TERNARY COMPLEX OF FIBRIN DESAB WITH D-DIMER AND D-FRAGMENT OF FIBRIN
Authors:   Palladin Institute of biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Hrabovskyi O.
Published: June 2023

The aim of this work is to study the intermolecular interactions of fibrin with D-domain-containing fragments of fibrin(ogen): D-dimer and D-fragment. Materials and methods. Human fibrinogen was obtained from the human blood plasma by salt extraction using 16 % Na2SO4. The content of protein coagulated by thrombin – 96-98%. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography for the detection of molecular complexes was performed on the Sepharose 6B column (30 x 0.5 cm). Components of the analyzed mixture (0.8 ml) were separated by standard chromatography protocol: speed of elution – 0.5 ml/min; collected samples volume – 0.5 ml. Optical density of collected samples was measured by spectrophotometer POP (Optizen, Daejeon, Korea). Composition of each sample was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Relative amounts of studied compounds in samples were analyzed using densitometry of scanned electropherograms with Totallab TL100 software. Molecular modeling of complexes formed by fibrin desAB and its fragments were performed using UCSF Chimera 1.16 on the basis on earlier developed protofibril structure. The structure of the D-region (PDB ID:1LTJ) was prepared in the same in-protein molecular docking was performed using HDOCK web server. Results. To investigate the complex formation between fibrin desAB. The appearance of D- and DD-fragments in the elution zone of 5.5 mL, which does not overlap with the elution zone of individual fragments (7.5-9.5 mL), was detected, indicating the formation of a ternary complex. Densitometry of electropherograms using TotalLab TL-100 demonstrated that the average densities of pixels in bands of fibrin desAB, D-dimer and D-fragment were equal. It means that the ternary complex of fibrin desAB with D-dimer and D-fragment was composed in the approximate ratio of fibrin desAB, D-dimer and D-fragment 1:1:1. Molecular docking in the HDOCK software was used to establish the spatial arrangement of the D-fragment in relation to the fibrin desAB molecule bound to the D-dimer. Conclusions. We obtained and characterized the ternary complex of fibrin desAB, D-dimer and D-fragment by size-exclusion chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE. Further study of the structure and properties of this complex may clarify certain issues related to fibrin polymerization, namely the process of protofibril formation and their spatial branching.
ACTION OF VENOM OF VIPERA LEBETINA ON BLOOD COAGULATION in vitro
Authors:   Palladin Institute of biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Iskandarov E. ,   Biology And Medicine Institute Science Educational Center оf Taras Shevchenko National University Of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

Aim. In this study we focused on the search of fibrinogen-targeted proteases in the venom of Vipera lebetina. Methods. Fractionation of the venom was performed using FPLC chromatographic system Acta Prime on Q Sepharose. Analysis of protein mixtures was performed using SDS-PAGE. Аction on blood coagulation system was analyzed using APTT assay [2]. Proteolytic action on fibrinogen and identification of protein components with fibrinolytic activity was performed using electrophoresis of mixture of fibrinogen solution (2 mg/ml) with venom`s fractions. For a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of the obtained fractions on hemostasis, an original approach with modified aggregatometry was used [3]. This approach made it possible to take into account the ability of fractions to activate platelets, initiate blood coagulation, or inhibit platelet aggregation. Hemolytic action of fractions was estimated using fresh human red cells. Amount of released hemoglobin was estimated by spectrophotometry on Optizen POP. Results. Crude venom of V. lebetina was fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose. Elution was performed using a stepwise gradient of NaCl (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 M NaCl) in 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.3. Fractions eluted at 0.1 and 0.2 M of NaCl contained several proteins with different molecular weights ranging from 75 kDa to low molecular weight fractions according to the SDS-PAGE. Proteins that cleave α- and β-chains of fibrinogen were found in fractions 0.1 and 0.2, indicating the presence of an enzyme with fibrinogenolytic activity in the venom of V. lebetina. The fractions 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 did not show any significant fibrinogenolytic activity. After platelet aggregation study we concluded that fraction 0.1 contained a protein with fibrinogenolytic activity. An increase in platelet aggregation was observed for the fraction 0.2 after the addition of ADP. This may indicate the presence of an active compound that promotes platelet aggregation. Further research is necessary to determine its nature. Fractions 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 had no effect on platelet aggregation. A decrease in blood plasma clotting time in APTT to 5 s and 7 s, compared to a control value of 70 s, was shown for fractions eluted at NaCl concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.2 M, respectively. The fractions 0.3, 0.5 had only a slight effect on reducing blood plasma clotting. A slightly increased level of hemolysis was shown in the presence of the unbound fraction and the whole venom. It can be suggested that proteins with phospholipase activity are present in the non-binded fraction. Conclusions. Thus, fibrinogen-specific proteases, hemolytic agents, activators of blood clotting were found in the venom of Vipera lebetina. Most of these compounds must to be purified and can be used for basic biochemical research.
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR THE DIRECT ANALYSIS OF FIBRIN CLOT STRUCTURE
Authors:   Palladin Institute of biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kucheriavyi Y.P.
Published: June 2023

The aim of our study was to compare the structure of clots formed as a result of thrombin-induced fibrin polymerization in the presence or absence of monoclonal fibrin-specific antibodies fragments as factors that change the clot structure. We concentrated on the final stage of fibrin clot formation at maximal turbidity point for every sample. Methods. Fibrin polymerization was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of negatively contrasted samples on H-600 Transmission Electron Microscope (“Hitachi”,Japan); 1% water solution of uranyl acetate (“Merck”, Germany) was used as a negative contrast. For sample preparation, in sterile glass tubes were sequentially added 0.32 mg/mL human fibrinogen, 0.025 M CaCl2 in 0.05 M ammonium formiate buffer (pH 7.9), and a total sample volume was 0.22 mL. The polymerization of fibrin was initiated by the introduction of thrombin at a final concentration of 0.25 NIH/mL. After 180 s, aliquots were taken from the polymerization medium. Each aliquot was diluted to a final fibrinogen concentration of 0.07 mg/mL; 0.01 mL probes of fibrinogen solution were transferred to a carbon lattice, which was treated with a 1% uranyl acetate solution after 2 minutes. Investigations were per-formed using an H-600 electron microscope at 75 kV. Electron microscopic images were obtained at magnification of 20,000 -50,000. Results. Two monoclonal antibodies fragments were obtained towards the mixture of separated Aα-, Bβ- and γ-chains of fibrinogen. Antibodies fragments that were marked as III-1D and I-4A, had different epitopes within fragment Аα105-206 of D-region of fibrinogen. It was shown that addition of antibody fragment I-4A lead to formation of abnormal fibrils that were thinner than in the control sample and were organized in the dense network (Figure). Control sample exhibited the thick fibrils with well-structured classically organized network. The difference between control and I-4A samples demonstrated that antibody I-4A disrupted the structure of polymerized fibrin. In the same time the fibrils obtained in the presence of antibody fragment III-1D were closer to the control ones. Conclusions. TEM is an informative method for the study of the fibrin network formation. Its application allows to estimate the disruption in fi brin formation directly. In a combination with turbidity study and other functional tests TEM can provide important information about molecular mechanisms of clot formation.
ROLE OF NO IN SOFT PERIODONTAL TISSUES OF RATS DURING STRESS AND INFLAMMATION
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, PLETNOV V.V.
Published: June 2023

Aim. To evaluate the activity of NO-synthase isoforms, the concentration of peroxynitrites and nitrosothiols in the soft tissues of the periodontium of rats under the conditions of modeling chronic stress against the background of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Methods. Experimental studies were performed on 24 male Wistar rats weighing 190–240 g. The animals were divided into 4 groups: 1 — control, 2 — chronic stress (ChrStr group), animals were kept above water for 1 hour every day for 30 days, 3 — animals that were intraperitoneally injected with 0.4 μg/kg of bacterial LPS of S. typhi (pyrogenal) (LPS group); 4 — animals that were simultaneously simulated chronic stress as in group 2 and administered LPS as in group 3 (ChrStr+LPS). The activity of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), constitutive NO-synthase (cNOS), the concentration of nitrosothiols (S-NO), and concentration of peroxynitrites of alkali and alkaline earth metals (ONOO) were studied in the homogenate of the periodontal soft tissues of rats. Results. The activity of NOS in the soft periodontal tissues of rats under chronic stress simulation conditions, LPS administration, combined exposure to chronic stress and LPS was increased compared to control group. The concentration of ONOO- in the soft periodontal tissues of rats under chronic stress simulation conditions, LPS administration, combined exposure to chronic stress and LPS was increased compared to the control group. The concentration of nitrosothiols in the soft periodontal tissues of rats under the conditions of chronic stress simulation, LPS administration, combined exposure to chronic stress and LPS was decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions. The combined effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and chronic stress leads to increased production of nitrogen monoxide from inducible NO-synthase and elevates concentration of reactive forms of nitrogen, which creates possibility for development of nitrosative stress in the soft periodontal tissues.
Features of gradient structures the formation in steel castings
Authors:   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Veis V. I. , Parkhomchuk Zh. V. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kondratyuk S. Ye. ,   Physico-Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv
Published: June 2023

In the production of cast engineering products, in several cases, it becomes expedient to create differentiated (gradient) structures in castings to increase the special properties and service life of cast products. The purpose of this work was to establish the regularities of the formation of the main macrostructural zones in the cross-section of castings of carbon pre-eutectoid steels and quantitative changes in their length depending on the thermokinetic conditions of crystallization. The research was carried out on rectangular castings made of 20L, 45L and U7L steels, size 115 × 130 × 200 mm, with provision during their crystallization of one-sided predominant cooling of the end part of the castings with different intensity of heat removal - 5 °С/s, 60 °С/s and 300 °С /with. Research was carried out on templates from the central longitudinal part of castings that crystallized under conditions of directed one-sided heat removal. The obtained experimental results indicate regular changes in the morphology and length of the macrostructural zones of castings depending on the determining parameters of crystallization - the intensity of cooling and the temperature interval of the solid-liquid state of the melt. The maximum values of the length of the transcrystallization zone and the zone of branched dendrites are observed in steel with a low carbon content (0.21%) and the lowest crystallization temperature interval (40 °С) during hardening under the conditions of rapid cooling of the melt (300 °С/s). During crystallization with a low cooling rate of the melt (5 °C/s), the zones of branched crystals in castings of 20L steel and large equiaxed crystals in U7L steel with a narrow (40 °C) and wide (115 °C) crystallization interval acquire the greatest development. Regression analysis of the results of the experiments established the regularities of the influence of the studied thermokinetic parameters on the gradient of the structure along the cross-section of steel castings. The obtained results of research on the influence of thermokinetic parameters on the processes of crystallization and formation of gradient structures in steel castings open up new opportunities for forecasting and purposeful influence on the structure formation and mechanical properties of cast steel parts. Keywords: steel, crystallization, gradient structure, thermokinetic parameters.
Improving the model of long-term technological update of power system components
Authors:   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Denysov Viktor , Zaporozhets Artur ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Nechaieva Tetiana ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Shulzhenko Sergii ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Derii Volodymyr ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

An improved model of mathematical programming is proposed for the study of directions and optimal parameters of the technological renewal of energy system elements operating in energy associations, for the distant perspective and taking into account the perspectives of these elements. The model is a combination and, at the same time, a separate case of two models: a model of a hierarchical controlled quasi-dynamic system and a stochastic quasi-dynamic model of the economic and technological impact of the life cycle of innovative technologies. The main difference of the proposed improved model is the explicit consideration of the influence of economic and technological indicators of the development of the national economy and production, presented in the form of stochastic quasi-dynamic functions. The conducted test calculations confirm the adequacy of the proposed model, the perspective of applying this approach and further development of the model to achieve the necessary levels of detail in the forecast scenarios of the development of energy systems of Ukraine. The performed test calculations made it possible to obtain numerical estimates of the potential that can be achieved by improving the model of long-term technological renewal of power system components. Consideration of the influence of economic and technological indicators of the development of the national economy and production in the form of stochastic quasi-dynamic functions expands the tools and possibilities of obtaining high-quality predictive scenarios of the development of energy systems in Ukraine. The use of efficiency coefficients LCOE, LCOS and LACE, which are widely used in modeling the development of energy systems, increases the quality of the conclusions obtained. Examples of calculations of values of parameters of power system components under different modes of use are given. Keywords: long-term technological renewal of power system components.
Aggregated energy supply model according to product energy balance data structure
Authors:   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kaplin Mykola , Bilan Tetiana ,   General Energy Institute of NAS of Ukraine, 172, Antonovycha St., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: June 2023

An economic-mathematical model of the production type was developed, intended for forecasting the country's energy supply by calculating the balanced supply of carbon-containing fuels, electricity and heat from fossil fuel and renewable energy sources. The model was built on the basis of open data sources according to the specific structure of technological methods by L.V. Kantorovich, which, unlike the known ones, uses subsystems for the production of abstract products that correspond to the range of outputs and inputs of the product energy balance, and also uses procedures for their selective aggregation to build various forms of inter-product balance matrices. This allowed us to obtain a tool for forecasting and assessing energy balances that is resistant to the growing limitations of information support, which is distinguished by a new system of conditions for a production-type model for the expanded range of the International Energy Agency's product energy balance, as well as a set of technological methods proposed for the first time by L.V. Kantorovich, which together determined the structure of output, costs and product links of individual producers of the energy supply system within the framework of a mutually agreed multi-product balance. The proposed model provides opportunities for using statistical and technological approaches to determining output and cost coefficients in solving forecasting problems, applying inherent means of analyzing retrospective balances to identify unaccounted volumes of FER, as well as volumes of their consumption and transformation in the country's energy sector with significant changes in the structure of electricity and heat generation capacities. The forecasted volumes of supply of the main types of energy resources obtained in the calculations using the developed energy supply model allowed us to assert that, given the indicators of energy efficiency achieved in 2020, the country's energy supply system is able to meet the country's needs mainly through the development of domestic fuel bases. Keywords: energy supply, product energy balance, production type model.
Vitamin D(3) and methylenebisphosphonic acid in the correction of mineral metabolism disorders and bone remodeling associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Lisakovska O. O. , Shymanskyi I. O. ,   Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Vasylevska V. M. ,   Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Pasichna E. P. ,   Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Veliky M. M. ,   Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;, Komisarenko S. V. ,   Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
Published: June 2023

The study was aimed at evaluating therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D3 (VD3, 1000 IU/kg of b.w., 30 days) and sodium salt of methylenebisphosphonic acid (MBPA, 17 mg/kg of b.w., 30 days) monotherapies as well as their effect in combination in preventing mineral metabolism and bone remodeling disturbances associated with glucocorticoid(GC)-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporosis in rats was induced by long-term (30 days) administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid prednisolone (5 mg/kg of b.w.). Calcium and inorganic phosphate levels, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum, bone tissue and bone marrow were determined spectrophotometrically. The protein levels of VD3 receptor (VDR), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in bone tissue were determined by Western blotting. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) content was assayed by ELISA. It was shown that prednisolone caused the development of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood serum, while downregulating its activity in bone tissue and bone marrow. GC-induced osteoporosis was accompanied by a profound deficiency of VD3 and a decrease in the content of VDR. Evaluation of the NF-κB-associated cytokine axis RANK/RANKL/OPG, which regulates the balance of osteoblasts/osteoclasts, showed a simultaneous decrease in the RANK content and OPG/RANKL ratio. Vitamin D3 restored mineral metabolism and 25OHD3 level that led to the normalization of VDR-mediated signaling­ and RANK/RANKL/OPG functions in bone tissue. It has been shown that the administration of MBPA had a corrective effect on the content of mineral components in the blood serum and bone tissue, as well as on the activity­ of alkaline phosphatase only in combination with vitamin D3, indicating a low efficiency of bisphosphonate monotherapy in GC-induced vitamin D3 deficiency and osteoporosis. Keywords: bone remode­ling, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, methylenebisphosphonic acid, RANK/RANKL/OPG axis, vitamin D3
Nobel prize winners Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel: the research of signal transduction in the nervous system
Authors:   Institute of Social and Political Psychology, National Academyof Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Danylova T. V.
Published: June 2023

For many decades, scientists have tried to unravel the mysteries of the nervous system – the complex phenomenon that receives messages, processes information, and sends signals to the rest of the body. The most important scientific discoveries of the 19th and the 20th centuries paved the way for the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel “for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system”. So, the beginning of the new millennium was “marked” by pioneering research into the chemical transmission of signals in the central nervous system, which created the foundation for a deeper understanding of the mediatory role of dopamine, the processes of slow synaptic transmission, short-term and long-term memory, and the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs. The paper aims to outline the main stages of scientific activities of a Swedish neuropharmacologist Per Arvid Emil Carlsson and the American neurobiologists Paul Greengard and Eric Richard Kandel. Keywords: Arvid Carlsson, brain, dopamine, Eric Kandel, learning, memory, nervous system, Paul Greengard, slow synaptic transmission, the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Світловий тиск на наночастинки у полі зустрічних біхроматичних хвиль з додатковим каналом релаксації населеності збудженого стану
Authors: Romanenko V.I. , Kornilovska N.V. , Yatsenko L.P.
Published: June 2023

Розглянуто силу свiтлового тиску на наночастинки, що мiстять домiшки атомiв або центри забарвлення, якi резонан-сно взаємодiють з полем. Наявне кристалiчне оточення у загальному випадку унеможливлює формування дворiвневої схеми взаємодiї атома або центра забарвлення з полем завдяки зняттю заборони на частину переходiв зi спонтанним випромiнюванням. У результатi частина атомiв перебуває у станах, якi не взаємодiють з полем лазерного випромiнювання, але якi з часом релаксують до основного стану. Побудовано теорiю, яка дозволяє розрахувати силу свiтлового тиску на атоми чи центр забарвлення (i, вiдповiдно, на наночастинку, в якiй вони перебувають) у залежностi вiд параметрiв їхньої взаємодiї з полем та параметрiв релаксацiї збудженого стану i промiжних станiв. Для вивчення впливу рiзних факторiв на силу свiтлового тиску розрахунки проведенi для модельної сукупностi параметрiв, а також для параметрiв, якi визначають взаємодiю тризарядних iонiв ербiю у допованих ним кристалах Y2SiO5 та центрiв забарвлення, що виникають завдяки розташуванню атомiв кремнiю в дефектах кристала алмазу. Як виявилося, завдяки центрам забарвлення можна на кiлька порядкiв пiдняти силу тиску свiтла на малi, значно меншi за довжину хвилi, наночастинки.
Effect of the Applied Electric Field on the Thermal Properties of the Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator in One Dimension
Authors: Boumali A. , Allouani R. , Bouzenada A. , Serdouk F.
Published: June 2023

We study the relativistic harmonic oscillators (Dirac and Klein–Gordon ones) in a constant external electric field. The solutions obtained are exact. These solutions allowed us to focus on the effect of the external electric field on the thermal properties of such oscillators. These properties are calculated by means of the Zeta-based method. Some figures have been built to show the mentioned effect.
desamparos da maternidade em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Silva Maiquélen , Wecker Amanda , Machado de Oliveira-Menegotto. Lisiane , Rieth Carmen Esther
Published: June 2023

Algumas mães, mesmo acompanhadas de um parceiro, desempenham solitariamente múltiplos papeis, cuidando da rotina de casa, do trabalho e, precariamente, de si mesmas. Com o objetivo de discutir a maternidade em um contexto de vulnerabilidade e suas implicações no estabelecimento da relação mãe e filhos, a partir de um caso, utilizou-se um método observacional inspirado no Método Bick de Observação, sendo uma pesquisa psicanalítica. As observações foram realizadas considerando os três tempos: observação semanal, no mesmo dia e hora; relato da observação, de forma descritiva e implicada; e, seminário de supervisão, para discussão das observações. Evidenciou-se o desamparo sentido por essa mulher-mãe que, apesar da presença da família e do esposo, não recebia o apoio necessário, vendo-se em uma espécie de maternidade solo. Sua exaustão, oriunda do desamparo, resultava em perda de controle emocional em relação aos filhos. Ressalta-se o valor do Método Bick de Observação ao possibilitar um olhar sensível à maternidade.
STATE OF THE REGULATORY BASIS AND CONDITIONS IN THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR PROVIDING CLASS AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT
Authors: Ignatov G. , Echeva G.
Published: June 2023

The development of the physical capacity and raising the level of motor skills have always been the main task of physical education and sports. The reduced physical capacity is a result of the reduced motor activity of the learners, ie. there are significant gaps in the motor regime in schools. In the development of extracurricular forms of sports we see one of the opportunities for purposeful and organized implementation of the tasks of the physical education with children in their leisure time. The condition of the normative base and the conditions for conducting the class and extracurricular activities of the physical education and sport is extremely important.
The purpose of our study is to examine the opinion of the physical education teachers on the legal framework and conditions in the learning environment to provide classroom and extracurricular activities in physical education and sports.
The survey method was used for the purposes of the study. A special closed questionnaire contains 17 questions and was compiled according to the nature of the survey. The survey was conducted in September and October 2020. The subject of the survey are 30 teachers, of which 13 men and 17 women. The results are analyzed and presented on the basis of the analysis of frequencies (f) and percentages (%).
Açık Eğitim Kaynaklarına Yönelik Bakış Açılarının İncelenmesi: Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Örneği
Authors: Cinel İpek , Özdemir Şahin Lale
Published: June 2023

Dijital dönüşümün birçok alana olduğu gibi yükseköğretime de önemli etkileri olmuştur. Özellikle Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisiyle birlikte yükseköğretimde dijital dönüşümün önemi anlaşılmış ve bu bağlamda öğretim elemanlarının dijital dönüşüm sürecindeki rolleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan yükseköğretimde dijital dönüşümün önemli bir parçası olan ve herkesin eşit şekilde bilgiye ve eğitime ulaşabilmesi felsefesini destekleyen Açık Eğitim Kaynakları (AEK) hareketine yönelik yapılan çalışmaların ve girişimlerin ülkemizde sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Hazırlanan bu çalışma ülkemizde açıklık felsefesinin yaygınlaştırılmasında öncü olan alanlar arasında yer alan Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümünde çalışan öğretim elemanlarının açık eğitim kaynaklarına dair tutumları üzerinden hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmanın veri toplama sürecinde anket tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Anket 13 üniversitede yer alan Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümlerinde çalışan öğretim elemanlarına elektronik posta yoluyla ulaştırılmıştır. Anket uygulamasının ardından araştırmanın sonuç ve önerileri sunulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi alanında çalışan öğretim elemanlarının açık eğitim kaynaklarına yönelik tutumlarının genel olarak olumlu yönde olduğu saptanmıştır.
Free vibration analysis of FGM framed nanostructures using variational-consistent boundary conditions
Authors: Hung Duong The , Lien Tran Van , Dinh Tran Binh , Thang Nguyen Tat
Published: June 2023

This paper analyses free vibrations of framed nanostructures made of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) based on the Nonlocal Elastic Theory (NET) and the Dynamic Stiffness Method (DSM). FGM characteristics vary nonlinearly throughout the height of the beam element. The NET considers the nonlocal parameter that perfectly captured the size effect of nanostructures. However, the NET makes nonlocal paradoxes in the bending and vibration behaviour of framed nanostructures with the free ends. To overcome these phenomena, the nanostructure is modelled according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the variational-consistent nonlocal boundary conditions have been derived. The exact solutions of differential equations of motion and variational-consistent nonlocal boundary conditions are found using the DSM. The influences of the nonlocal, material, geometry parameters and Pasternak’s foundation on the free vibration are then analyzed. It is shown that the study can be applied to other FGMs as well as more complicated framed structures.
Surgical techniques for the articular cartilage repair: literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burianov Oleksandr , Omelchenko Taras , Levytskyi Yevhenii
Published: June 2023

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of implementing the extracellular matrix (ECM), Autologous Matrix Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC), adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSCs), as well as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for treating the osteochondral defects of knee joint and the talocrural one. Methods. Investigating by the facilities of PubMed, Embase and the manual searches, implemented from 2018 till January, 2022. There have been included articles with the І‒ІV level of evidence, studying the osteochondral defects over 0.5 сm2, with at least one-year duration of monitoring more than 10 patients, defining the scores on VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), Tegner Activity Scale, FAOS (Foot and Ankle Outcome Score). The results were evaluated after 1–2, 3–5 and over 5 years-period of monitoring. Meta-analysis was applied by the facilities of RStudio. Results. 14 investigations with 720 patients were incorporated. ECM, AMIC, AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs represented significantly better functional outcomes in comparison with the bone marrow stimulation procedures (MSP) on the VAS, Tegner Activity Scale, and FAOS scales. Patients treated according to the AMIC+BMAC (bone marrow aspirate concentrate) method showed better functional results compared to the standard AMIC technique. The rate of unsuccessful manipulations followed by revision operations in the MSP group is significantly higher than in others after 4 or more years of monitoring. The results obtained in a long-term investigation showed no deterioration after 5 years or more. Conclusions. Modern methods of cartilage repair in comparison with the creation of microfractures and microdrilling provide better quality regeneration, better long-term results, fewer complications, and higher rates of return to activity. Future studies should be longer-lasting and include more representative populations to determine the efficacy and safety of these methods.
Morphology of the repair of critical size bone defects which filling allogeneic bone implants in combination with mesenchymal stem cells depending on the recipient age in the experiment
Authors: Ashukina Nataliya , Vorontsov Petro , Maltseva Valentyna , Danуshchuk Zinaida , Nikolchenko Olga , Samoylova Kateryna , Husak Valeriia
Published: June 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be used to facilitate reparative osteogenesis. In the case of critical-size defects, MSC can attach to allogenic bone implants (AlloI) that serve as a matrix. Objective. Analyze the morphological features of reparative osteogenesis in critical-size defects in femurs of rats (3 and 12 months old) when the defects are filled with MSC along with AlloI. Methods. 60 white lab rats, 3 months (n=30) and 12 months (n=30) old were used. Defects (3mm in depth, 3mm in diameter) were created in the femoral metaphysis of each rat, and filled with AlloI in the control groups and with AlloI and adipose-derived MSC in the experimental groups. Each group contained 15 rats of a particular age. 14, 28, and 90 days after the surgery, histological studies were conducted. Results. The area of AlloI decreased with time. 14 days after the surgery, in the experimental group, the area of AlloI was 1.6 times greater in 3-month-old (3mo) rats than in 12-month-old (12mo) rats. In comparison to the control, the area of AlloI was greater 14 days after surgery in 3mo rats and 28 days after surgery in 12mo rats. 14 and 28 days after the operation, the area of connective tissue was greater in rats of both experimental groups than in the control. For the 3mo rats, the same was true 90 days after the operation. The area of newly formed bone was 1.6 times lower in 3mo rats than in 12mo rats 14 days after the operation. 90 days after the operation, the area was 2.3 greater in 3mo rats. For 12mo rats, the highest area of bone tissue occurred 14 days after the surgery, and subsequently did not significantly change or differ from the control. For 3mo rats, the area of bone tissue was lower than control 14 and 28 days after the surgery, but greater than control 90 days after the surgery. Conclusions. The use of MSC along with AlloI to fill traumatic bone defects causes slower bone formation and excessive formation of connective tissue, independent of the age of the recipient.
USE OF AN INDIVIDUAL TOOL FOR KINEMATIC ALIGNMENT OF THE LIMB AXIS DURING KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Golovakha Maxim , Bondarenko Stanislav
Published: June 2023

Objective. To give a clinical example where, under the conditions of gonarthrosis, the patient underwent preoperative planning using modern technologies of three-dimensional modulation; outline the stages of individual instrument preparation and for kinematic alignment of the axis of the lower extremity and installation of knee joint endoprosthesis components. Methods. A 69-year-old patient was diagnosed with stage IV right-sided gonarthrosis. For preoperative planning, a computer tomography of the lower extremities was performed in the position of full extension in the knee joints and neutral rotation of the feet (slice thickness 1 mm). A 3D model of the lower extremities was built in the "STL" format in the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer Version2021.2 program and imported into the FreeformPlus program. Preoperative planning was performed according to the principle of kinematic alignment to restore the constitutional axis of the limb and the inclination of the knee joint plane. The main stages of preparation of an individual instrument and carrying out operative intervention are given. Functional evaluation was performed before and after the operation at different stages according to the EuroQol-5D, KSS, HSS scales and a six-step functional test. Results. Individual navigation made it possible to precisely carry out resections of the articular ends and perform the planned kinematic alignment of the limb. According to the EuroQol-5D scale, the improvement of the patient's quality of life was determined, starting from the 3rd day after the operation. According to the KSS scale, an excellent result (85 points) was obtained 6 weeks after the surgical intervention, which remained after 3 months. The evaluation of the result of endoprosthesis according to the HSS scale after 6 weeks was 36 points, after 3 months — 38 points. Conclusions. A clinical example of the use of an original individual instrument for knee endoprosthesis showed the main advantages of the method — accurate installation of endoprosthesis components according to the preoperative design, which ensured high patient satisfaction and a good functional result.
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPORTS INDUSTRY
Authors: LEONOV YAROSLAV
Published: June 2023

The article examines the role of the sports industry in modern conditions of the socio-economic development of the state, substantiates the definition of the concept of "sports industry" and reveals the content characteristics that are inherent in it, reveals the features of the development of the industry. the sports industry, the importance of applying the cluster approach to the strategic development of the sports industry is substantiated, the mechanism of interaction in the system "state - society - science - business" is substantiated, which will increase the efficiency of joint activities of economic entities in the sports industry, an organizational and structural model of a sports cluster is developed. Goal. Determine the mechanisms for the development of the sports industry in Ukraine in the context of the adopted course of sustainable development of the state. Methodology. In the course of the research, an empirical-theoretical method based on the analysis of statistical data was used; structural method; comparative analysis; abstract logical generalization. Scientific novelty. The cluster approach is proposed as a mechanism for the strategic development of the sports industry for the production of a high-quality sports product and the role of state policy in this process is determined
APPLICABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION OF TOURISTS INCLUSIVE TYPE
Authors: HORDIEIEVA I.O. , KALINKO I.V.
Published: June 2023

Goal. Research of ways to increase the adaptive capabilities of the organization by improving the mechanism of adaptive management of project management decisions on the adoption, rejection or revision of the project based on determining the degree of consistency / differences of strategic and project goals of the organization. Method. The following methods were used for the study: methods of project management, formalization, modeling, analysis, expert method. Results. An approach to determining the relevance of organizational goals and projects to ensure adaptation has been developed. Scientific novelty. The calculation of determining the degree of relevance between the goals and strategy of the organization and the project to ensure adaptation is proposed and substantiated. Practical significance. The proposed approach can be used to solve project selection problems for businesses and organizations and allows you to identify the relationship between project objectives and business goals and identify relevant goals.