bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 pandemic and health-related quality of life across 13 high- and low-middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Violato Mara , Pollard Jack , Lloyd Andrew , Roope Laurence S. J. , Duch Raymond , Becerra Matias Fuentes , Clarke Philip M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Most research on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) health burden has focused on confirmed cases and deaths, rather than consequences for the general population’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It is also important to consider HRQoL to better understand the potential multifaceted implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in various international contexts. This study aimed to assess the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in HRQoL in 13 diverse countries.

Methods and findings

Adults (18+ years) were surveyed online (24 November to 17 December 2020) in 13 countries spanning 6 continents. Our cross-sectional study used descriptive and regression-based analyses (age adjusted and stratified by gender) to assess the association between the pandemic and changes in the general population’s HRQoL, measured by the EQ-5D-5L instrument and its domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), and how overall health deterioration was associated with individual-level (socioeconomic, clinical, and experiences of COVID-19) and national-level (pandemic severity, government responsiveness, and effectiveness) factors. We also produced country-level quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated to COVID-19 pandemic-related morbidity. We found that overall health deteriorated, on average across countries, for more than one-third of the 15,480 participants, mostly in the anxiety/depression health domain, especially for younger people (<35 years old) and females/other gender. This translated overall into a 0.066 mean “loss” (95% CI: −0.075, −0.057; p-value < 0.001) in the EQ-5D-5L index, representing a reduction of 8% in overall HRQoL. QALYs lost associated with morbidity were 5 to 11 times greater than QALYs lost based on COVID-19 premature mortality. A limitation of the study is that participants were asked to complete the prepandemic health questionnaire retrospectively, meaning responses may be subject to recall bias.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduction in perceived HRQoL globally, especially with respect to the anxiety/depression health domain and among younger people. The COVID-19 health burden would therefore be substantially underestimated if based only on mortality. HRQoL measures are important to fully capture morbidity from the pandemic in the general population.
Receiving antenatal care components and associated factors in Northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Massenga Joseph , Jeremiah Kidola , Kitinya Wilson , Kim Young-Mi , van Roosmalen Jos , van den Akker Thomas
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Tanzania had an estimated 5.400 maternal deaths in 2020. Suboptimal quality of antenatal care (ANC) presents a major challenge. It is not known what precisely the uptake of the various ANC components is, such as counseling on birth preparedness and complication readiness, preventive measures and screening tests. We assessed the level of receiving the various ANC components and associated factors in order to identify opportunities to improve ANC.

Methods

A cross-sectional household survey using a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews, was conducted in April 2016 in Mara and Kagera regions, Tanzania, applying a two-stage, stratified-cluster sampling design. The analysis included 1,162 women aged 15–49 years who attended ANC during their last pregnancy and had given birth not longer than two years prior to the survey. To account for inter- and intra-cluster variations, we used mixed-effect logistic regression to examine factors associated with receiving essential ANC components: counseling around birth preparedness and complication readiness (with presumed effects on knowledge about danger signs) and preventive measures.

Results

About In 878 (76.1%) women preparedness for birth and its complications was observed to exist. Overall counseling was low where 902 (77.6%) women received adequate counseling. Overall knowledge of danger signs was low in 467 women (40.2%). Uptake of preventive measures was low, with presumptive malaria treatment in 828 (71.3%) and treatment of intestinal worms in 519 (44.7%) women. Screening test levels varied for HIV in 1,057 (91.2%), any blood pressure measurement in 803 (70.4%), syphilis in 367 (32.2%) and tuberculosis in 186 (16.3%) women. After adjusting for age, wealth and parity, the likelihood of receiving adequate counseling on essential topics was less in women without education versus primary education (aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42–0.96) and in women who had <4 ANC visits versus ≥4 visits (aOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40–0.81). Receiving care in privacy or not (aOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.30–3.12) and having secondary education as compared to primary education (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.10–3.70) were associated with receiving adequate counseling. Odds of receiving adequate care in at least one ANC visit were lower in women with joint decision making on major purchases versus decision making by male partner or other family members alone (aOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24–0.78), similar to being less knowledgeable on danger signs (aOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.51–0.96).

Conclusion

Overall uptake of various essential ANC components was low. Frequent ANC visits and ensuring privacy are all essential to improve the uptake of ANC.
Enhanced corticospinal excitability in the tibialis anterior during static stretching of the soleus in young healthy individuals
Authors: Budini Francesco , Christova Monica
Published: April 2023

Corticospinal excitability is known to be affected by afferent inflow arising from the proprioceptors during active or passive muscle movements. Also during static stretching (SS) afferent activity is enhanced, but its effect on corticospinal excitability received limited attention and has only been investigated as a single average value spread over the entire stretching period. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) the present study was conducted to explore the time course of corticospinal excitability during 30 seconds SS. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after TMS were recorded from soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in 14 participants during: a passive dynamic ankle dorsiflexion (DF), at six different time points during maximal individual SS (3, 6, 9, 18, 21 and 25 seconds into stretching), during a passive dynamic ankle plantar flexion (PF) and following SS. To explore the time course of corticospinal excitability during the static lengthened phase of a muscle stretch, the stretching protocol was repeated several times so that it was possible to collect a sufficient number of stimulations at each specific time point into SS, as well as during DF and PF. During passive DF, MEPs amplitude was greater than baseline in both TA and SOL (p = .001 and p = .005 respectively). During SS, MEPs amplitude was greater than baseline in TA (p = .006), but not in SOL. No differences between the investigated time points were found and no trend was detected throughout the stretching time. No effect in either muscle was observed during passive PF and after SS. These results could suggest that an increased activity of secondary afferents from SOL muscle spindles exert a corticomotor facilitation on TA. The muscle-nonspecific response observed during passive DF could instead be attributed to an increased activation within the sensorimotor cortical areas as a result of the awareness of the foot passive displacements.
Ultra-Wideband, Directive and Circular Polarization Lens Antennas for Future Communications
Authors:   UFU, dos Santos Renan , Fré Gabriel ,   Flextronics Institute of Technology, Spadoti Danilo ,   UNIFEI
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a potential featured antenna for future wireless communication networks. The use of a hemispherical dielectric lens combined with an equiangular spiral printed antenna is proposed to achieve a radiator design with high gain, operating in a frequency range between 8.0 GHz to 15.6 GHz in circular polarization. Numerical analyses performed by the ANSYS HFSS software, and experimental measurements validated the functionality of the proposed structure, reaching gains greater than 14.2 dBi.
Tankönyvi szövegek nyelvi feldolgozhatóságának mutatói és vizsgálati módszerei
Authors: Lukács Ágnes , Rácz Péter , Kas Bence
Published: April 2023

The aim of our study is to provide an overview of methods to investigate linguistic markers of textbook texts and their impact on readability and processability, and to propose objective criteria for assessing the readability of Hungarian textbooks. To this end, after formulating the general requirements of readability, we present results on the relevant factors of text processability at each language level, and then review the readability formulas and calculation methods introduced in other languages, including their applicability to Hungarian. Finally, we propose a set of criteria for measuring text processability to be introduced in Hungary on the basis of the methods reviewed in the paper.
Külföldi tanulmányutak és egyéni különbségek
Authors: Albert Ágnes , Spissich Boglárka , Csizér Kata
Published: April 2023

Individual differences have long been considered and researched as an important area of applied linguistics, as research findings show clear differences between language learners both in the rate of foreign language learning and in their ultimate success (Dörnyei & Ryan, 2015). Although studies tend to focus on classroom learning mainly, there is a growing demand that the research repertoire should be extended to include context-sensitive studies, as the role and impact of individual differences on learning processes may vary depending on the language learning environment. Such a learning context is the study abroad context, where the importance of individual differences is undeniable: they can play a role in students’ initial decision making (Ożańska-Ponikwia & Carlet, 2020; Stroud, 2010), they can potentially shape learning processes during and after study abroad, and their impact can extend to both linguistic and non-linguistic outcomes. It has often been argued that the modernization efforts in language teaching in Hungary in recent decades have not fully achieved their goals (Öveges & Csizér, 2018), and many problems remain in relation to foreign language learning. Among the solutions proposed was the possibility for secondary school students to participate in short international study trips, which, although has not been realized on a large scale yet due to the epidemic situation, is already available to a limited number of students in several secondary schools through Erasmus programs. However, we have very little knowledge about the effects of these trips, either linguistic or non-linguistic. Therefore, the aim of our article is to review the studies in the international literature that have explored the relationship between study abroad experiences and individual differences and, based on this, to identify areas of research that could provide important findings for language teachers, language teacher educators, and policy makers in Hungary.
No Increased Risk of Cardiac Birth Defects in Infants of Mothers With Celiac Disease: A Population and Sibling Comparison
Authors: Zylberberg Haley M. , Lebwohl Benjamin , Roelstraete Bjorn , Söderling Jonas , Stephansson Olof , Green Peter H.R. , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Several earlier studies have indicated an increased risk of cardiac birth defects among infants born to mothers with celiac disease (CeD). Through linking nationwide Swedish health care registries, we aimed to investigate maternal CeD and risk of any or cardiac birth defects in their offspring.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants born between 2002 and 2016 to women with biopsy-proven CeD (villous atrophy, Marsh III) matched to infants born to nonceliac women from the general population. Conditional logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to determine the association between maternal CeD and birth defects. To minimize the impact of intrafamilial confounding, we also compared infants born to mothers with CeD with infants born to their nonaffected sisters.

RESULTS:

A total of 6,990 infants were born to mothers with diagnosed CeD compared with 34,643 infants born to reference mothers. Any birth defect was seen in 234 (33 per 1,000 infants) and 1,244 (36/1,000) reference infants corresponding to an OR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.81–1.08). Cardiac birth defects were seen in 113 (16/1,000) vs 569 (16/1,000) infants (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80–1.20). Similar OR for any and cardiac birth defects were also seen in sibling comparisons.

DISCUSSION:

We found no statistically significant risk of any or cardiac birth defects in infants born to mothers with diagnosed CeD compared with the general population and to their nonaffected sisters.
The Teacher’s Participation Factors of Teacher Learning Community(TLC) and the Characteristics and Difficulties in the Operation Process of the Convergent Subject TLC
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Kim Ye-il , Choi Song Hee , Kim Dong-Joong
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the teachers’ participation factors in the teacherlearning community(TLC)(the same subject, the convergent subject), and to explore the characteristicsand difficulties that appear in the operation process of the convergent subject TLC. Methods: For this purpose, researchers interviewed 5 teachers related to the convergent subject TLC,and collected and analyzed data on the participation factors of each TLC and operation process ofthe convergent TLC. To analyze, the participation factors were categorized into personal factors, socialfactors, and organizational factors. The operation process was divided into introduction, learning andpractice of proceeding, and finishing. Results: As a result, there were differences in the participation factors between the same subjectTLC and the convergent subject TLC. The teachers’ participation factors in the same subject TLCinclude learning needs of teaching and learning contents and methods, satisfaction of collaboration,and overcoming closed school cultures. On the other hand, the teachers’ participation factors in theconvergent subject TLC include the willingness to improve teaching and learning, sharing values suchas the importance of convergent education, and overcoming the separate expertise by subject. Thisdifference is attributed to the perception of teachers that each TLC has different characteristics. Inaddition, the convergent subject TLC is composed of specific subjects, develops programs in the contextof connecting the contents between the subjects, conducts open classes and then reflects on thempersonally and structurally. Conclusion: In this process, it was pointed out that the difficulty on finding connection betweensubjects, lack of class time, and lack of evaluation connectivity were found. The results of this studyhave implications in expanding the preceding studies on the TLC and suggesting ideas for createmeasures to support teachers who want to implement convergence education.
A Study Utilzing Concept Map on Burnout Experience of Low-career Elementary School Counselors and the Factors Affecting Burnout
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Han Yoo Na , Oh Insoo
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of low-career elementary schoolcounseling teachers on burnout experience and burnout factors through concept map method. Methods: From interviews with 10 low-career elementary school counselors, 25 statements on burnoutexperiences, 27 statements on factors affecting burnout were derived. Later, 20 low-career elementaryschool counselors including interview participants participated in the classification of statement similarity. The researcher used SPSS 29.0 to conduct multidimensional scale analysis and hierarchical clusteranalysis, and drew two conceptual diagrams by evaluating the similarity of each statement. Results: As a result, the experience of burnout turned out to be 5 clusters. Cluster 1 was found to be‘low efficacy and devotion in counseling’, Cluster 2 was ‘physical symptom’, Cluster 3 was ‘maximizationof negative emotions’, Cluster 4 was ‘difficulty in handling work’, and Cluster 5 was ‘depression-relatedpsychopathological symptoms’. The factors that promoted burnout were derived into 6 clusters. Cluster1 was found to be ‘lack of awareness of fellow teachers’, Cluster 2 was ‘lack of parental awareness’,Cluster 3 was ‘lack of awareness of school administrators’, Cluster 4 was found to be ‘lack of expertiseand competence’, Cluster 5 was ‘unestablished school counseling system’, and Cluster 6 was ‘schoolcounseling difficulty factors’. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it first studied the burnout of low-career professionalcounseling teachers in elementary schools and derived implications suitable for elementary school counselingthat have recently begun to activate. Based on the research contents, the limitations of this study andsuggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.
Educational reflections on competition
Authors:   Center For Educational Research, Lee Hansol , Kim Hyunwook
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Competition is perceived negatively in schools nowadays. However, competition also hasthe potential to be effectively applied to learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to shednew light on competition from an educational point of view, and to present the possibility for positiveuse of competition in schools. Methods: Through literature reviews related to competition, the perspective on competition in education,the educational effect of competition, and the educational approach to competition were presented. Results: First, the perspective on competition in education can be divided into competition in thesystem and competition as a learning method. Second, competition has various advantages such asmotivation, easy social adaptation, and improvement in academic performance. Third, the conceptsof Constructive competition and Coopetition can be applied to utilize competition educationally. Conclusion: An delicate approach is needed to reduce the side effects and maximize the benefitsof competition. The concepts of Constructive competition and Coopetition suggest the possibility ofusing competition positively. If a teaching method using these concepts is devised, it is expectedthat it will be useful in schools.
TRANSPORTE E MOBILIDADE COMO SUPORTE AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIOECONÔMICO EM PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS DE PERFIL RURAL NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Nascimento Maria Victória Leal de Almeida , Andrade Mauricio Oliveira de
Published: April 2023

Este artigo se baseia no estudo das condições de mobilidade e transporte em pequenos munícipios nordestinos de perfil rural, focando nos principais grupos sociais e econômicos demandantes de meios de deslocamento (transporte escolar, transporte informal e transporte das atividades econômicas). Para isso, foi adotado como estudo de caso o município de Santa Maria do Cambucá - Pernambuco, Brasil. O objetivo geral é analisar a percepção de atores locais sobre a relevância das condições de mobilidade e transporte como meio de suporte ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi necessário realizar entrevistas e os dados obtidos foram analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente. Na análise das condições de transportes, pode-se verificar que dentre os meios de deslocamentos analisados o transporte escolar é o mais bem avaliado, seguido do transporte das atividades econômicas e transporte informal. Para superar os problemas relatados sobre as infraestruturas de transportes sugere-se um plano de manutenção para as estradas rurais municipais. Para os transportes informais, aponta-se a necessidade da regulação e fiscalização da operação. Esta pesquisa também propõe diretrizes para pequenos municípios de perfil rural, pois eles representam uma grande parte dos municípios nordestinos e brasileiros e atualmente não existe uma legislação de mobilidade adequada aplicável a eles.
ESTRUTURA FUNDIÁRIA DO MARANHÃO, TOCANTINS, PIAUÍ E BAHIA (MATOPIBA): O ÍNDICE DE GINI TERRAS NOS ANOS 2000
Authors: Santos Laís Freitas dos , Cerqueira Cristiane Aparecida de , Ferraz Marcelo Inácio Ferreira , Jesus Clesio Marcelino de
Published: April 2023

O território Matopiba foi instituído pelo Governo Federal, em 2015, e integra porções de quatro estados do Cerrado brasileiro — Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, como resultado da expansão das atividades agrícolas. Sabe-se que o agronegócio contribui para concentração de terras, devido ao seu modo de produção e que as informações disponíveis da distribuição de terras são detalhadas em muitas classes, o que dificulta a avaliação. Por isso, este estudo objetiva apresentar um indicador de concentração fundiária no Matopiba. Especificamente, pretende-se estimar o Índice de Gini Terras, para o território (inclusive porções dos estados e municípios); verificar se há homogeneidade deste índice; além de espacializá-lo para melhor visualização. Para tanto, utilizou-se dados dos 17 estratos de área dos estabelecimentos agropecuários dos 337 municípios do Matopiba, presentes nos Censos Agropecuários de 2006 e 2017, que foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas. Os resultados apontam homogeneidade do IG Terras classificado como forte nos dois anos pesquisados, ou seja, é comum a forte concentração de terras, antes e depois da institucionalização do território. No período, verifica-se aumento de concentração no IG Terras em 17 municípios dentre os 20 maiores produtores de lavouras temporárias, com destaque para a produção soja/milho na Bahia e Maranhão.
ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS DE LAZER NAS CIDADES: CRIAÇÃO DE ESPAÇOS PÚBLICOS NA CIDADE DE TERESINA-PI, NO PERÍODO COMPREENDIDO ENTRE 2014 E 2019
Authors: Santos Laudenides Pontes dos , Vieira Adriana Silva , Medeiros Kevin Anderson Vieira de
Published: April 2023

Este artigo tem como tema os espaços públicos de lazer e a qualidade de vida nas cidades. O objetivo geral foi analisar a criação desses espaços em Teresina-PI entre 2014-2019. Os objetivos específicos foram: discutir a importância desses espaços para a qualidade de vida nas cidades, analisar a legislação referente ao tema e mapear por zona os espaços públicos que surgiram nesse intervalo. A metodologia foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e o levantamento de dados junto aos órgãos de planejamento para identificar os espaços e localizá-los através de mapeamento com auxílio do software QGIS Desktop 3.10. Como resultados verificou-se que as legislações urbanas vigentes apontam para um aproveitamento das áreas de preservação ambiental para o lazer. Foram implantados no período pesquisado 108 espaços, o que representou crescimento de 22% em relação a 2013. A zona de maior implantação foi a Leste e os espaços que mais surgiram foram academias e praças. Conclui-se que há um aumento de espaços. Por outro lado, é evidente que ainda existe carência destes espaços na cidade de Teresina-PI o que merece atenção dos órgãos de gestão.
Multilingualism as racialization
Authors: Richardson Jason , Stroud Christopher
Published: April 2023

South African today remains a nation torn by violence and racial inequity. One of major challenges for its people is to create new futures across historically constituted racial divides, by finding ways to engage with each other across difference. In this regard, multilingualism holds out the promise of offering a way of bridging difference and opening spaces for engagement and empathy with Others. Today contemporary constructs of multilingualism, both in policy and everyday practice, continue to reinforce racialized divisions inherited from historical uses of language as a tool of colonialism, and a mechanism of governmentality in apartheid, the system of exploitation and state sanctioned institutional racism. In this paper we seek to demonstrate how multilingualism has always been, and remains today, an ‘epistemic’ site for managing constructed racialized diversity. In order to do so we trace periods of South Africa’s history. By way of conclusion, we suggest that alternative linguistic orders require a decolonial rethinking of the role of language(s) in epistemic, social and political life.
Itinerários formativos na residência multiprofissional em saúde da família: Educação e colaboração interprofissional
Authors: Andrade Bryan Silva , Vilela Rosana Quitela Brandão , Riscado Jorge Luís de Souza
Published: April 2023

Este estudo parte da discussão acerca da formação de profissionais de saúde no contexto da Residência Multiprofissional. Visa contribuir com o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde no estado de Alagoas, investigando os itinerários formativos para colaboração e integração interprofissional. Parte do pressuposto de que a experiência de trabalho em equipes no contexto da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde possibilita a vivência de novas fronteiras da integralidade no SUS, mediante o processo de colaboração e integração interprofissional. Tem como objetivo analisar a colaboração e integração interprofissional em um programa de residência multiprofissional em Saúde da Família. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa em um estudo transversal e exploratório dirigido de acordo com as diretrizes éticas preconizadas pelo Conselho Nacional em Saúde. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e semiestruturadas, a partir de um roteiro de entrevista com perguntas sobre o processo de trabalho em equipe interprofissional no decorrer da experiência do primeiro ano de residência, mantendo a atenção em situações vividas como experiências novas, inesperadas e/ou conflituosas no processo de integração e colaboração entre os residentes. Para análise dos dados, as narrativas dos residentes foram organizadas em duas categorias temáticas que expressaram os processos de aprendizagem para colaboração e integração interprofissional, a saber: do desamparo à cooperação; e da colaboração e integração interprofissional. Foi identificado que o contexto do trabalho em equipe oportunizou aos residentes experiências interpessoais de convergências e divergências que os provocaram a buscar soluções em seus recursos pessoais, oportunizando a reflexão acerca da prática da interprofissionalidade. Considera-se que houve aprendizagem significativa entre os residentes quanto a colaboração e integração interprofissional no que se refere aos aspectos da formação, comunicação, resolução de conflitos, liderança e desenvolvimento pessoal.
The Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Models for COVID-19 Classification Based on Chest X-ray
Authors: Wahyuni Elvira Sukma
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 has become a pandemic spread to nearly all countries in the world. This virus has caused many deaths. Screening using a chest X-ray is an alternative to find out positive COVID-19 patients. Chest X-ray is advantageous because every hospital must have an X-ray device so that hospitals do not need additional equipment to detect COVID-19-positive patients. This study aims to compare the machine learning models of Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Logistic Regression to predict COVID-19 positive patients. The stages of the research carried out by this study are the Pre-process stage, feature extraction, and classification. The results showed that the Naïve Bayes classification method got the highest performance with an accuracy of 95.24%.
Study on the nutritional quality and volatile aroma compounds in cupcakes supplemented with raw dehydrated potato flour
Authors: Xu Dan , Chai Yining , Shi Suyuan , Su Xiaodong
Published: April 2023

Cupcakes were made by LZ-111 and LS-10 raw dehydrated potato flour (RDPF) with 10 %, 30 %, and 50 % additions. The addition of RDPFs improved nutritional quality but decreased the height and lightness compared to the control. Supplementation of RDPFs increased the hardness while decreased the adhesiveness and springiness. The sensory evaluation results showed that the score gradually decreased with the increase of RDPFs addition. Thermomechanical properties demonstrated that the gluten strength and the viscosity of the mixed dough were decreased while the water absorption rate was increased. The incorporation of RDPFs revealed a significant increase in volatile aroma compounds and LS-10 contributed more compounds than LZ-111. Isovaleraldehyde (no. 6), hexanal (no. 11) and 1-nonanol (no. 23) were considered to give the highest sensory evaluation scores in odor to the control cupcakes. Tetrachloroethylene (no. 45) and hexafluoro-1,1,3,4-tetrachlorobutane (no. 54) may be the pivotal volatiles caused bad odor in LS-10 RDPF cupcakes.
Disease control and the disposal of infectious materials in Renaissance Rome: excavations in the area of Caesar's Forum
Authors: Boschetti Cristina , di Siena Laura , Jacobsen Jan Kindberg , Mittica Gloria , Murro Giovanni , Parisi Presicce Claudio , Raja Rubina , Vitti Massimo
Published: April 2023

Excavations in Rome have long focused on the early city; only recently has attention turned to the archaeology of the medieval and later periods. Here, the authors present a rare sixteenth-century context, dating to a time when European cities contended with repeat epidemics and implemented measures to control the spread of disease. A contextual approach to the assemblage leads to its identification as a ‘medical dump’ of clinical equipment, including glass urine flasks and ‘single-serve’ ceramics, many of the latter specifically produced for the Ospedale dei Fornari. Drawing on Renaissance medical treatises, the authors argue that this material represents the disposal of potentially infected objects, shedding light on urban waste-management practices.
Expectation Violations, Expectation Change, and Expectation Persistence: The Scientific Landscape as Revealed by Bibliometric Network Analyses
Authors: García Alanis José C. , Strelow Anna E. , Dort Martina , Christiansen Hanna , Pinquart Martin , Panitz Christian
Published: April 2023

Expectation violations occur when there is a discrepancy between expected and perceived events or experiences. Often, however, expectations persist despite disconfirming evidence. Therefore, research on expectation violations, expectation change, and expectation persistence has been conducted in several fields of psychology with wide-ranging theoretical assumptions and empirical considerations. In the present review, we analysed how these research fields relate to each other using bibliometric network analyses. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature search to identify scientific publications on expectation violations, expectation change, and expectation persistence. The literature corpus was then quantitatively analysed using similarity measures that allow a data-driven classification of publications into groups, revealing their conceptual, theoretical, and empirical commonalities. Our results indicate that many influential publications have focused on finding reactivity measures (e.g., brain activation) to the discrepancy experienced between expectations and outcomes. Furthermore, these measures have been used to assess when and to which degree learning and behavioural adaptation (i.e., expectation change) take place. We discuss the potential application of these measures for understanding expectation violations, expectation change, and expectation persistence in more complex settings (e.g., social interaction). The goal of this review was to foster interdisciplinarity in psychology, enabling scientists and practitioners to identify new topics, promising empirical approaches, and previously neglected variables.
UBAP2L‐dependent coupling of PLK1 localization and stability during mitosis
Authors: Guerber Lucile , Vuidel Aurore , Liao Yongrong , Kleiss Charlotte , Grandgirard Erwan , Sumara Izabela , Pangou Evanthia
Published: April 2023

PLK1 is an important regulator of mitosis whose protein levels and activity fluctuate during the cell cycle. PLK1 dynamically localizes to various mitotic structures to regulate chromosome segregation. However, the signaling pathways linking localized PLK1 activity to its protein stability remain elusive. Here, we identify the Ubiquitin‐Binding Protein 2‐Like (UBAP2L) that controls both the localization and the protein stability of PLK1. We demonstrate that UBAP2L is a spindle‐associated protein whose depletion leads to severe mitotic defects. UBAP2L‐depleted cells are characterized by increased PLK1 protein levels and abnormal PLK1 accumulation in several mitotic structures such as kinetochores, centrosomes and mitotic spindle. UBAP2L‐deficient cells exit mitosis and enter the next interphase in the presence of aberrant PLK1 kinase activity. The C‐terminal domain of UBAP2L mediates its function on PLK1 independently of its role in stress response signaling. Importantly, the mitotic defects of UBAP2L‐depleted cells are largely rescued by chemical inhibition of PLK1. Overall, our data suggest that UBAP2L is required to fine‐tune the ubiquitin‐mediated PLK1 turnover during mitosis as a means to maintain genome fidelity.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament Berbantuan Sticky Note Pada Materi Stoikiometri
Authors: Primanda Salsabila Indi
Published: April 2023

Saat ini diketahui bahwa sebagian siswa SMA kesusahan mempelajari kimia salah satunya dikarenakan konsep kimia yang bersifat abstrak. Hal ini menyebabkan konsep kimia tersebut menjadi konsep yang sulit bagi siswa yang terjadi secara terus-menerus sehingga dapat mengakibatkan siswa mengalami kesalahan konsep. Cara yang bisa dilakukan guru adalah dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Gagasan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT berbantuan media sticky note untuk meningkatkan kreatifitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Sticky note ini dirancang menjadi jawaban-jawaban atas pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh guru, serta warna-warna pada sticky note disesuaikan dengan konsep dan kaitan antar konsep pada materi Stoikiometri,. Lapisan perekat yang dapat dengan mudah dilekatkan dan dilepaskan ini memudahkan siswa untuk menghubungkan antar keterkaitan konsep stoikiometri. Dengan demikian kombinasi antara pembelajaran TGT dilengkapi sticky note diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kreatifitas dan hasil belajar atau prestasi belajar siswa.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Sargassum muticum Sebagai Alternatif Obat Bisul Akibat Aktivitas Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hidayah Nikmatul , Hisan Aisyah Khoirotun , Solikin Ahmad , Irawati Irawati , Mustikaningtyas Dewi
Published: April 2023

Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogen pada manusia yang menyebabkan penyakit kulit khususnya bisul. Hampir setiap orang pernah mengalami infeksi yang disebabkan bakteri oleh Staphylococcus aureus selama hidupnya, dari infeksi kulit yang kecil sampai infeksi yang tidak bisa disembuhkan. Staphylococcus cepat menjadi resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik, maka dibutuhkan penemuan obat baru. Sumber antibakteri baru dapat diperoleh dari senyawa bioaktif seperti fenol, alkaloid dan flavonoid yang banyak terkandung dalam tanaman, salah satunya adalah alga laut jenis Sargassum muticum. Senyawa bioaktif hasil metabolisme sekunder yang dapat dijadikan sebagai antibakteri alami dapat diperoleh melalui proses ekstraksi. Proses ekstraksi dapat menggunakan 3 jenis pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda, yaitu n-heksana (nonpolar), etil asetat (semi polar) dan etanol (polar). Ekstrak S. muticum diuji efetivitasnya sebagai antibakteri dengan konsentrasi 500, 400, 300, 200 dan 100 (mg/mL) kemudian dimasukkan dalam sumuran 7 mm sebanyak 50 µl yang telah ditumbuhi S.aureus dan diinkubasi pada 370 C selama 24 jam. Pengukuran Luasnya zona bening merupakan bukti kepekaan S.aureus terhadap bahan atau senyawa antibakteri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil ekstraksi terbesar terdapat pada ekstrak dengan pelarut etanol 96% (2.5%) diikuti etil asetat (1%) dan n-heksanan (0.5%). Konsentrasi hambatan minimum ekstrak etanol S. muticum sebesar 100 mg/mL dengan diameter hambat 2 mm. Sedangkan konsentrasi hambat minimum dari ekstrak etil asetat adalah sebesar 100 mg/mL dengan diameter hambat sebesar 2 mm serta konsentrasi hambat minimum ekstrak n-heksana sebesar 100 mg/mL sebesar 1.5 mm. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis pelarut pada proses ekstraksi berpengaruh terhadap hasil ekstraksi dan aktivitas antibakteri S. muticum. Berdasarkan ketiga jenis pelarut yang digunakan ekstrak etanol S. muticum merupakan ekstrak yang paling efektif jika dibandingkan ekstrak etil asetat dan n-heksana.
Analisis Produksi Organic Film Chitosan–Ekstrak Daun Jati Sebagai Preservatif Alami Daging
Authors: Indrawati Putri , Rukaenah Rina , Triyanasari Triyanasari , Rahayu Reny , Setianingsih Rizki , Widiatningrum Talitha
Published: April 2023

Daging sangat rentan terhadap pembusukan atau penurunan kualitas. Penggunaan pengawet daging yang berbahaya seperti formalin di masyarakat merupakan hal yang dianggap wajar. Ditambah lagi penggunaan kantong plastik sebagai kemasan daging memperparah keadaan tersebut karena sifat kantong plastik yang cenderung toksik dan off flavour serta non-biodegradable. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan solusi untuk mengawetkan daging yang aman dan ramah lingkungan. Edible coating adalah teknologi sederhana dimana lapisan tipis komponen dimakan dan bertindak sebagai penghalang fisik terhadap karbon dioksida, oksigen, aroma dan gerakan kelembaban.Daun jati dipercaya memiliki sejumlah metabolit sekunder yang menjadikannya sebagai anti oksidatif. Chitosan banyak digunakan pada edible coating sebagai agen antimikroba. Oleh karena itu, produk organic film chitosan-ekstrak daun jati hadir sebagai preservatif alami daging yang aman dan ramah lingkungan. Teknik produksi dilakukan melalui uji laboratorium terlebih dahulu. Kemudian, produksi dengan bahan-bahan yang aman, berkualitas dan mudah didapatkan serta diolah secara higinis dengan teknologi pembuatan edible coating. Produk dikemas menggunakan aluminiumfoil klip dengan identitas produk berupa sticker. Promosi dilakukan secara online dan offline meliputi pembuatan akun media sosial, leaflet maupun tester produck. Akhirnya, berhasil menjual 30 kemasan dengan BEP 75,51%. Hasil tersebut berpotensi untuk dikembangkan pada kemasan yang lebih modern, perluasan pemanfaatan produk, perluasan distribusi di pasar modern, dan pengembangan usaha ditingkat usaha menengah keatas.
Peningkatan Kualitas Garam Bledug Kuwu Melalui Proses Rekristalisasi dengan Pengikat Pengotor CaO, Ba(OH)2, dan (NH4)2CO3
Authors: Maulana Khoironni Devi , Jamil Muhammad Mu'min , Putra Priyus Eka Manunggal , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Rohmawati Baiti
Published: April 2023

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai peningkatan kualitas garam bledug kuwu menggunakan metode rekristalisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kualitas garam bledug kuwu menjadi garam konsumsi. Kualitas garam ditinjau dari kadar NaCl yang terkandung dalam garam. Peningkatan kualitas dilakukan melalui pemurnian menggunakan metode rekristalisasi. Rekristalisasi dilakukan dengan bantuan bahan pengikat pengotor. Bahan pengikat pengotor yang digunakan yaitu CaO, Ba(OH)2, dan (NH­4)2CO3. Garam bledug kuwu dilarutkan kedalam air panas kemudian ditambahakan bahan pengikat pengotor yang terakhir diuapkan pelarutnya sehingga berbentuk kristal. Terbentuk kristal garam sebanyak 4,3175 g dan didapatkan rendemen sebesar 86,35 %. Kadar kemurnian garam ditentukan melalui metode titrasi menggunakan AgNO3. Didapatkan hasil kadar kemurnian garam sebelum dan setelah rekristalisasi berturut-turut 78,92% dan 89,44 %. Garam mengalami peningkatan kemurnian sebesar 10,52 % dan belum memenuhi standar mutu garam SNI.
Kisi Difraksi dengan Menggunakan Batang Talas (Colocasia esculenta)
Authors: Prabawani Arum , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2023

Eksperimen kisi difraksi sederhana dapat dibuat menggunakan batang talas (Colocasia esculenta) sebagai bahan alami kisi difraksi. Kisi difraksi ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengganti kisi difraksi standar dalam eksperimen fisika. Kisi difraksi terdiri atas sebaris celah sempit yang saling berdekatan dalam jumlah banyak. Penggunaan kisi difraksi standar dalam eksperimen umumnya hanya terbatas pada penentuan panjang gelombang cahaya tampak. Jika seberkas cahaya koheren dilewatkan kisi difraksi maka akan menghasilkan pola difraksi pada layar. Eksperimen kisi difraksi ini digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya konstanta kisi difraksi ( ) pada batang talas. Kisi difraksi batang talas yang digunakan dalam kondisi  fresh yang diambil langsung dari pohonnya. Cahaya koheren dari laser hijau dengan panjang gelombang 532 nm disinarkan tegak lurus melalui batang talas. Dengan variasi jarak kisi ke layar ( ) dihasilkan pola gelap terang pada layar. Pola gelap terang tersebut merupakan fenomena difraksi. Hasil eksperimen didapatkan nilai  . Oleh karena itu batang talas dapat digunakan secara mudah dengan harga murah untuk eksperimen kisi difraksi.
Pengaplikasian Prinsip-Prinsip Green Chemistry dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Kimia sebagai Pendekatan untuk Pencegahan Pencemaran Akibat Bahan-Bahan Kimia dalam Kegiatan Praktikum di Laboratorium
Authors: Putri Adhina Choiri
Published: April 2023

Kajian green chemistry umumnya mencakup konsep dan pendekatan yang efektif untuk mencegah pencemaran lingkungan yang diakibatkan oleh proses dan produk bahan kimia beracun dan berbahaya. Pembelajaran kimia berbasis green chemistry menjadi salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan sebagai pendekatan untuk mencegah pencemaran akibat bahan-bahan kimia. Kegiatan praktikum di laboratorium berupaya menggunakan prinsip green chemistry yang dapat dilakukan dengan upaya mengurangi, menghilangkan, atau mengganti penggunaan bahan-bahan kimia beracun dan berbahaya yang digunakan dalam percobaan untuk mengurangi kadar pencemar dan volume limbah. Sebagai tenaga pendidik dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran kimia diharapkan mampu memiliki ilmu pengetahuan, wawasan, serta ketrampilan dalam mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip green chemistry.
Prevention of Corruption Crimes Through Anti-Corruption Education and Pancasila Morals
Authors: Wijayanti Maggie Amaliza
Published: April 2023

Corruption is a very deviant act, dangerous and detrimental. This action is carried out by abusing a position that has been trusted by many people. And this action is a selfish act because it is only for self-interest. Corruption is a deviant behavior or crime that is socially and legally prohibited. The problem of corruption in Indonesia is increasingly rampant starting from the central government, regional government, which is very detrimental to the life of the Indonesian nation and state, this causes people to think that politics justifies all means. This requires an effective corruption eradication and prevention strategy. By establishing Anti-Corruption Education and Pancasila Citizenship Education. Youth must be given a mindset of the dangers of corruption and play an active role in preventing corruption. The implementation of anti-corruption education is carried out by studying problems related to corruption which consists of four parts, namely problems, alternative policies, proposed solutions and part of the action plan. This activity is so that students will acquire some desired attitudes such as honesty, discipline, responsibility, hard work, humility, courage and justice. This education should be focused on activities and processes that are productive, creative, skill development, personality, integration, excellence, moral and spiritual. Implementation of Anti-Corruption Education aims to be able to develop positive values in students. Through this education, you can develop good character and personality values. By establishing the Anti-Corruption Education movement and Pancasila Citizenship Education, it is hoped that it will help the process of eradicating and preventing corruption by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission.
Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Copyright Holders in the Perspective of Community Legal Culture
Authors: Pratama Fajar Candra Bagas
Published: April 2023

In IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) the protection of copyright holders is very important. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) guarantees legal creators to obtain an advantage from a work that is created. So in this case someone who without permission plagiarizes a work and takes advantage of it will be considered a violation of the law. This is in line with the culture of today's society, with the rapid development of technology, many people are competing to create a work. But sometimes they forget a rule regarding Intellectual Property Rights by plagiarizing other people's work without permission. This makes it a legal violation of Intellectual Property Rights and harms the Copyright holder. The number of plagiarism of other people's work today shows that there is still a low level of public knowledge and law enforcement on copyright in Indonesia. This article will discuss the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Copyright holders, where Copyright holders must get legal protection for their works in the midst of the legal culture of society, in which in this case there are still many violations of Intellectual Property Rights.
Juridical Review of Legal Protection for Victims of Sexual Harassment as a Form of State Responsibility
Authors: Prastyawan Bachtiar Adi
Published: April 2023

Sexual harassment is a form of sexual violence and is classified as a serious crime. This is due to the impact of sexual harassment which can threaten and endanger the life of the victim. Seeing the impact that is the result of sexual harassment, it is necessary to protect victims of sexual harassment from several parties such as the government, institutions, families, and communities. In addition, there is a need for legal protection that is binding on victims of sexual harassment. This study aims to conduct a juridical review of legal protection for victims of sexual harassment as a form of state responsibility. The research method used is a normative approach with a normative legal research design. The data used are secondary data derived from important documents and literature related to the research topic. The results of this study are that there is already legal protection for victims of sexual harassment in Indonesia which is a form of state responsibility, namely Articles 5 6 of Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims. , Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, and Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. This is also supported by the activeness of victim protection institutions that assist in the protection of victims of sexual harassment. The urgency of establishing legal protection for victims is to prevent and provide solutions to the impacts felt by victims of sexual harassment.
The Influence of Parenting Style on the Character of Discipline, Responsibility, and Respect for Middle Childhood Age Children
Authors: Tamba Edgar Manuel Durando
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research is to see the effect of parenting style on discipline, responbility, and respect in middle childhood. The subjects are children aged 8 and 9. Characters and parenting style of the subjects are measured by instruments that were constructed by a group of character Education Research. Based on the measurement using one-way Anova. The result shows that there are significant diffrences between characters, which are discipline, Responbility, and respect, and parenting styles, which are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful in middle childhood.