bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Als je het weet, dan heb je een keuze’
Authors: van de Waal Nienke
Published: May 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Midden door de Rotterdamse wijk Nesselande loopt een hoogspanningslijn. Wonen in de buurt van een hoogspanningslijn geeft mogelijk een verhoogd risico op leukemie bij kinderen. De GGD heeft een rol in de risicocommunicatie aan de inwoners en adviseert de gemeente over dit onderwerp. Uit eerder onderzoek is bekend dat mensen risico’s van straling hoog inschatten en dat vertrouwen in de overheid een rol speelt in de risicoperceptie.

Methode

Dit kwalitatieve onderzoek richt zich op de vraag hoe inwoners van Nesselande het wonen in de buurt van de hoogspanningslijn ervaren in relatie tot hun gezondheid. Er zijn dertien mensen geïnterviewd aan de hand van een topiclijst. Analyse heeft plaatsgevonden door axiale codering.

Resultaten

Deze respondenten schrijven geen gezondheidsklachten aan de hoogspanningslijn toe. Wel zijn er uiteenlopende ideeën en zorgen over mogelijke ziekten die de hoogspanningslijn kan veroorzaken. Alle respondenten geven aan behoefte te hebben aan meer informatie vanuit de gemeente. De GGD is nauwelijks bekend als informatiebron.

Conclusie

Door betere informatievoorziening is gezondheidswinst te behalen. Naast een reëler beeld van de gezondheidseffecten komen openheid en transparantie het vertrouwen in de overheid ten goede. Dat draagt volgens de theorie van de risicoperceptie bij aan het verminderen van het ervaren gezondheidsrisico.
On the antiquity and status of the Spalacidae, new data from the late Eocene of south-East Serbia
Authors: de Bruijn Hans , Marković Zoran , Wessels Wilma , van de Weerd Andrew A.
Published: May 2022

A new blind mole-rat species Debruijnia tintinnabulus nov. sp. is described from the late Eocene of south east Serbia. This find is approximately 10 Ma older than the hitherto oldest records of Spalacidae Vetusspalax and Pannoniamys, both from the late Oligocene of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The antiquity of the new species (~34 Ma) is in accordance with recent genetically based age estimates of Spalacidae as an early branch of the Supramyomorpha. A review of the fossil record shows that the Spalacidae are probably not closely related to the Rhizomyinae and Myospalacinae. The spalacid finds from the Paleogene of the Balkans and the Neogene of Anatolia suggests that the family underwent a radiation during the Oligocene involving Debruijnia, Vetusspalax, Pannoniamys and Heramys. During the middle and late Miocene Heramys evolved into a large number of species, here all tentatively allocated to Pliospalax.
Correction to: Development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genetic sex identification method in the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus and blue mackerel S. australasicus
Authors: Tani Reoto , Kawamura Wataru , Morita Tetsuro , Klopp Christophe , Milhes Marine , Guiguen Yann , Yoshizaki Goro , Yazawa Ryosuke
Published: May 2022

The original article has been corrected.
Modeling of contact temperatures and their influence on the tribological performance of PEEK and PTFE in a dual-pin-on-disk tribometer
Authors: Lin Zhibin , Qu Ting , Zhang Ke , Zhang Qingbin , Wang Shengdao , Wang Guibin , Gao Bingzhao , Fan Guowei
Published: May 2022

The direct blending of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with a solid lubricant such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) improves its tribological performance, but compromises its outstanding mechanical properties and processability. While these negative effects might be circumvented via the hybrid wear method, the influence of the contact temperature between multiple sliding components acting together is not fully understood. Herein, an analytical temperature model considering the influence of both micro- and macro-thermal behavior is extended to predict the contact temperature of a dual-pin-on-disk hybrid wear system. The interactions between several heat sources are investigated and experimentally verified. The analytical results show that the nominal temperature rise of the shared wear track is determined by the combined effect of the heat generated by both pin components, while the rise in flash temperature at the region in contact with each pin component is dependent upon its individual characteristics and working conditions. Hence, while different temperature peaks can coexist in the shared wear track, the maximum value dominates the performance of the system. For the experimentally investigated PEEK-PTFE-steel hybrid wear system, the formation of tribofilms is blocked, and the hybrid wear system fails, when the peak temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of both pins due to an increase in applied load.
Planning laissez-faire: Supranational central banking and structural reforms
Authors: Braun Benjamin , Carlo Donato Di , Diessner Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The mandate of the European Central Bank (ECB) does not extend to labor market and social policies at the national level. Why, despite the reputational costs, did the ECB act as a staunch advocate of structural labor market reforms from 1999 through 2015? We discuss this question through the theoretical lens of Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation. Although Polanyi has been a key reference point for the debate on the social consequences of European economic and monetary integration, one of his key insights has received surprisingly little attention—that central banks have the power to mitigate the impact of international economic integration on domestic social protection. Polanyi regarded central banks—much like trade unions—as national-level institutions of non-market coordination, acting as a protective buffer against the functional pressures of the fixed-exchange-rate monetary regime that was the international gold standard. By contrast, the ECB, as a supranational central bank, embodies these functional pressures. This helps explain why, rather than protecting existing social structures against the logic of the fixed-exchange-rate monetary regime, the ECB has sought to protect the monetary regime by going out of its way to re-shape labor market institutions at the national level.
Frequency of serious bacterial infection among febrile sickle cell disease children in the era of the conjugate vaccine
Authors: Alzomor Omar , Aljobair Fahad , Al Kasim Fawaz , Azmet Fauzia , Alorini Sultan , Alshihayb Yazeed , Bahamdan Yazeed
Published: May 2022

Background:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a wide prevalence disease worldwide. It has a spectrum of clinical manifestations. However, SCD patients are more susceptible to have a serious bacterial infection (SBI) as compared to other individuals.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in febrile children with sickle cell disease (SCD), whose vaccinations are up to date and are on regular penicillin prophylaxis, presented to the emergency department (ED) to assist in the management approach of such patients.

Methods:

A retrospective study included febrile SCD children under 12 years of age between 2014 and 2019 at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patients were stratified according to the true culture result of each febrile event. Descriptive statistics were used to report data from the patient's medical records.

Results:

From 833 febrile events, 40 events were assessed for eligibility with positive culture results. Of these, 10 were excluded due to contamination. The rest, 30 children with confirmed SBI (3.6%, 30/833) (95% CI = 2.4%–5.1%) were recruited. The highest prevalence rate of SBI was for urinary tract infection (uti) (2.2%, 19/833) (95% CI = 1.4%–3.5%), followed by bacteremia (1.3%, 11/833) (95% CI = 0.7–2.4), osteomyelitis (0.24%, 2/833) (95% CI = 0.03–0.86) and meningitis (0.12%, 1/833) (95% CI = 0.00–0.67). Pneumococcal was the most common isolate among children with bacteremia (46%, 5/11) followed by Salmonella species (36%, 4/11). All the children fully recovered.

Conclusion:

As the prevalence of SBI, particularly bacteremia, continues to decline with a favorable outcome in our population, ambulatory management practices for well-presented febrile SCD children should be encouraged, for there are no further reasons for admission and the patient can return soon to their hospital if his condition worsens or there is growth in the blood culture. Further effort is needed to determine whether blood culture and empiric antibiotics are necessary for each febrile event in the probable highly active vaccination era.
Can people with poststroke insomnia benefit from blended cognitive behavioral therapy? A single case experimental design
Authors: Ford Marthe E. , Geurtsen Gert J. , Schmand Ben , Groet Erny , Van Bennekom Coen A.M. , Van Someren Eus J.W.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Sleep is essential for our overall health and wellbeing. Unfortunately, stroke often induces insomnia, which has been shown to impede rehabilitation and recovery of function. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the treatment of choice for insomnia in the general population and is efficacious both when delivered face-to-face or online. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of blended CBT-I (eCBT-I) in five poststroke participants with insomnia according to DSM-5 criteria.

Methods:

A randomized multiple baseline design was used to evaluate improvements in total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, nocturnal awakenings and sleep quality. The intervention included six weeks of eCBT-I combined with two face-to-face sessions.

Results:

All participants completed the intervention. One participant stopped using the diary, while the other four completed it fully. All five sleep diary measures improved, significantly so for nocturnal awakenings. Moreover, after completion of the treatment, four out of five participants no longer fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for insomnia disorder

Conclusions:

This is the first study to show that blended CBT-I is potentially effective in participants with post-stroke insomnia. The findings justify extension to a randomized controlled trial.
Violent political rhetoric on Twitter
Authors: Kim Taegyoon
Published: May 2022

Violent hostility between ordinary partisans is undermining American democracy. Social media is blamed for rhetoric threatening violence against political opponents and implicated in offline political violence. Focusing on Twitter, I propose a method to identify such rhetoric and investigate substantive patterns associated with it. Using a data set surrounding the 2020 Presidential Election, I demonstrate that violent tweets closely track contentious politics offline, peaking in the days preceding the Capitol Riot. Women and Republican politicians are targeted with such tweets more frequently than men and non-Republican politicians. Violent tweets, while rare, spread widely through communication networks, reaching those without direct ties to violent users on the fringe of the networks. This paper is the first to make sense of violent partisan hostility expressed online, contributing to the fields of partisanship, contentious politics, and political communication.
“Each of Us is an Other”
Authors: Rodríguez García Magaly
Published: May 2022

Cobble's study of American social democratic feminism is a fascinating narrative of the lives of women who crossed the boundaries of class, race and nation-states to build a better world. Her chronological account of the careers and activism of these women is not only a major contribution to the history of feminism but also a significant addition to the study of social democracy worldwide.
The Populist Challenge to U.S. Democracy: Renewing American Political Development's Comparative Perspective
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: May 2022

Regarding the implications of the political developments of the last five years for the study of American political development (APD), this article argues that the unprecedented Trump phenomenon and its problematic repercussions for U.S. democracy have greatly enhanced the value of a comparative perspective, which can draw instructive lessons from the fate of attacks on liberal democracy by populist leaders in other countries. Comparativists examining the contemporary United States initially highlighted the risks of populist leadership (i.e., political agency), stressed the possibilities of democratic backsliding, and examined how popularly elected chief executives can undermine democracy from the inside—all of which fueled grave concerns. Yet for a more realistic assessment of populism's actual danger for U.S. democracy, one must analyze the probability of such a deleterious outcome. Therefore, researchers need to embed agency in contextual conditions and investigate what institutional, structural, cultural, and conjunctural factors empowered populist leaders to destroy democracy in some countries, whereas other constellations of these factors have impeded democratic backsliding in many other nations. With this move beyond a primary focus on agency, comparative analyses align with APD's longstanding attention to complex context factors. Interestingly, such a comparative perspective corroborates the distinctive institutional strengths and relative resilience of U.S. democracy.
Proof-relevance in Bishop-style constructive mathematics
Authors: Petrakis Iosif
Published: May 2022

Bishop’s presentation of his informal system of constructive mathematics BISH was on purpose closer to the proof-irrelevance of classical mathematics, although a form of proof-relevance was evident in the use of several notions of moduli (of convergence, of uniform continuity, of uniform differentiability, etc.). Focusing on membership and equality conditions for sets given by appropriate existential formulas, we define certain families of proof sets that provide a BHK-interpretation of formulas that correspond to the standard atomic formulas of a first-order theory, within Bishop set theory$(\mathrm{BST})$, our minimal extension of Bishop’s theory of sets. With the machinery of the general theory of families of sets, this BHK-interpretation within BST is extended to complex formulas. Consequently, we can associate to many formulas$\phi$of BISH a set${\texttt{Prf}}(\phi)$of “proofs” or witnesses of$\phi$. Abstracting from several examples of totalities in BISH, we define the notion of a set with a proof-relevant equality, and of a Martin-Löf set, a special case of the former, the equality of which corresponds to the identity type of a type in intensional Martin-Löf type theory$(\mathrm{MLTT})$. Through the concepts and results of BST notions and facts of MLTT and its extensions (either with the axiom of function extensionality or with Vooevodsky’s axiom of univalence) can be translated into BISH. While Bishop’s theory of sets is standardly understood through its translation to MLTT, our development of BST offers a partial translation in the converse direction.
Machine-Learning-Aided Quantification of Area Coverage of Adherent Cells from Phase-Contrast Images
Authors: Rosoff Gal , Elkabetz Shir , Gheber Levi A
Published: May 2022

The advances in machine learning (ML) software availability, efficiency, and friendliness, combined with the increase in the computation power of personal computers, are harnessed to rapidly and (relatively) effortlessly analyze time-lapse image series of adherent cell cultures, taken with phase-contrast microscopy (PCM). Since PCM is arguably the most widely used technique to visualize adherent cells in a label-free, noninvasive, and nondisruptive manner, the ability to easily extract quantitative information on the area covered by cells, should provide a valuable tool for investigation. We demonstrate two cases, in one we monitor the shrinking of cells in response to a toxicant, and in the second we measure the proliferation curve of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Lifetime of the Outer Solar System Nebula From Carbonaceous Chondrites
Authors: Borlina Cauê S. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Bryson James F. J. , Armitage Philip J.
Published: May 2022

The evolution and lifetime of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) play a central role in the formation and architecture of planetary systems. Astronomical observations suggest that PPDs evolve in two timescales, accreting onto the star for up to several million years (Myr) followed by gas dissipation within ≲1 Myr. Because solar nebula magnetic fields are sustained by the gas of the protoplanetary disk, we can use paleomagnetic measurements to infer the lifetime of the solar nebula. Here, we use paleomagnetic measurements of meteorites to constrain this lifetime and investigate whether the solar nebula had a two‐timescale evolution. We report on paleomagnetic measurements of bulk subsamples of two CO carbonaceous chondrites: Allan Hills A77307 and Dominion Range 08006. If magnetite in these meteorites can acquire a crystallization remanent magnetization that recorded the ambient field during aqueous alteration, our measurements suggest that the local magnetic field strength at the CO parent body location was <0.9 μT at some time between 2.7 and 5.1 Myr after the formation of calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions. Coupled with previous paleomagnetic studies, we conclude that the dissipation of the solar nebula in the 3–7 AU region occurred <1.5 Myr after the dissipation of the nebula in the 1–3 AU region, suggesting that protoplanetary disks go through a two‐timescale evolution in their lifetime, consistent with dissipation by photoevaporation and/or magnetohydrodynamic winds. We also discuss future directions necessary to obtain robust records of solar nebula fields using bulk chondrites, including obtaining ages from meteorites and experimental work to determine how magnetite acquires magnetization during chondrite parent body alteration.
Can Indirect Evaluation Methods and Their Fusion Products Reduce Uncertainty in Actual Evapotranspiration Estimates?
Authors: Shao Xingmin , Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Changming , Chiew Francis H. S. , Tian Jing , Ma Ning , Zhang Xuanze
Published: May 2022

Accurately estimating actual evapotranspiration (ET) across global land surface is one of the key challenges in terrestrial hydrological cycles and energy flux balance studies. Gridded ET products have the potential for application in ungauged basins, but their uncertainties are possibly large and it remains unclear which one is best for a given basin. The water balance (WB) method provides a direct estimate of basin scale ET, but it cannot be used in ungauged basins where streamflow data are unavailable. Here, we first assess the performance of ET from 10 global ET products against WB ET estimates in 43 large river basins. The paper then uses three indirect evaluation methods [Three Cornered Hat (TCH), Arithmetic Average (AA), and Bayesian Three Cornered Hat] to identify the optimal ET products without the need of prior information, and to generate fusion products combining the ET from multiple products. Using the evaluation results derived from the WB method as the reference, the results show that the three methods have great success in identifying poorer products, suggesting that they are useful in filtering poor ET products in applications. However, the ability of such methods in identifying better ET products degrades slightly. The AA fusion product, which combines ET outputs from multiple products, is marginally better than the best single ET product in many of the 43 basins. Because of its simplicity, it could be used to reduce the uncertainty in ET estimates from multiple products for ungauged basins and regions.
Four-Octyl itaconate ameliorates periodontal destruction via Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system
Authors: Xin Liangjing , Zhou Fuyuan , Zhang Chuangwei , Zhong Wenjie , Xu Shihan , Jing Xuan , Wang Dong , Wang Si , Chen Tao , Song Jinlin
Published: May 2022

Periodontitis is a widespread oral disease characterized by continuous inflammation of the periodontal tissue and an irreversible alveolar bone loss, which eventually leads to tooth loss. Four-octyl itaconate (4-OI) is a cell-permeable itaconate derivative and has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we explored, for the first time, the protective effect of 4-OI on inhibiting periodontal destruction, ameliorating local inflammation, and the underlying mechanism in periodontitis. Here we showed that 4-OI treatment ameliorates inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in the periodontal microenvironment. 4-OI can also significantly alleviate inflammation and alveolar bone loss via Nrf2 activation as observed on samples from experimental periodontitis in the C57BL/6 mice. This was further confirmed as silencing Nrf2 blocked the antioxidant effect of 4-OI by downregulating the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, molecular docking simulation indicated the possible mechanism under Nrf2 activation. Also, in Nrf2−/− mice, 4-OI treatment did not protect against alveolar bone dysfunction due to induced periodontitis, which underlined the importance of the Nrf2 in 4-OI mediated periodontitis treatment. Our results indicated that 4-OI attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress via disassociation of KEAP1-Nrf2 and activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade. Taken together, local administration of 4-OI offers clinical potential to inhibit periodontal destruction, ameliorate local inflammation for more predictable periodontitis.
Cannabinoid Receptor-1 suppresses M2 macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer by downregulating EGFR
Authors: Deng You-Ming , Zhao Cheng , Wu Lei , Qu Zhan , Wang Xin-Yu
Published: May 2022

Cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been implicated as emerging targets for cancer therapy. Herein, we investigated the potential regulation mechanism of CB1 and its implications in colorectal cancer. CB1 and EGFR expression were examined in colorectal cancer cell lines. The effects of CB1 agonist ACEA and its antagonist AM251 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells and the expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers were examined. EGFR overexpression was performed with plasmids containing EGFR gene. Tumor xenografts were constructed to explore the effects of CB1 activation on tumorigenesis. We showed that CB1 was downregulated while EGFR was upregulated in colorectal cancer cells. The activation of CB1 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells and the differentiation of M2 macrophages, while CB1 inhibition had opposite effects. Moreover, the alterations in tumorigenesis and M2 macrophage activation induced by CB1 activation were counteracted by EGFR overexpression. Besides, CB1 silencing promoted tumor cell proliferation and M2 polarization which was counteracted by EGFR knockdown. In vivo, CB1 activation also repressed tumorigenesis and M2 macrophage activation. The present study demonstrated that CB1 activation suppressed M2 macrophage through EGFR downregulation in colorectal cancers. These findings first unveiled the potential avenue of CB1 as a targeted therapy for colorectal cancer.
Blocking phospholamban with VHH intrabodies enhances contractility and relaxation in heart failure
Authors: De Genst Erwin , Foo Kylie S. , Xiao Yao , Rohner Eduarde , de Vries Emma , Sohlmér Jesper , Witman Nevin , Hidalgo Alejandro , Kolstad Terje R. S. , Louch William E. , Pehrsson Susanne , Park Andrew , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Li Xidan , Mayr Lorenz M. , Wickson Kate , Jennbacken Karin , Hansson Kenny , Fritsche-Danielson Regina , Hunt James , Chien Kenneth R.
Published: May 2022

The dysregulated physical interaction between two intracellular membrane proteins, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase and its reversible inhibitor phospholamban, induces heart failure by inhibiting calcium cycling. While phospholamban is a bona-fide therapeutic target, approaches to selectively inhibit this protein remain elusive. Here, we report the in vivo application of intracellular acting antibodies (intrabodies), derived from the variable domain of camelid heavy-chain antibodies, to modulate the function of phospholamban. Using a synthetic VHH phage-display library, we identify intrabodies with high affinity and specificity for different conformational states of phospholamban. Rapid phenotypic screening, via modified mRNA transfection of primary cells and tissue, efficiently identifies the intrabody with most desirable features. Adeno-associated virus mediated delivery of this intrabody results in improvement of cardiac performance in a murine heart failure model. Our strategy for generating intrabodies to investigate cardiac disease combined with modified mRNA and adeno-associated virus screening could reveal unique future therapeutic opportunities.
STING agonism reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and overcomes resistance to PARP inhibition in BRCA1-deficient models of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Bergholz Johann S. , Ding Liya , Lin Ziying , Kabraji Sheheryar K. , Hughes Melissa E. , He Xiadi , Xie Shaozhen , Jiang Tao , Wang Weihua , Zoeller Jason J. , Kim Hye-Jung , Roberts Thomas M. , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Dillon Deborah A. , Winer Eric P. , Lin Nancy U. , Zhao Jean J.
Published: May 2022

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have drastically changed the treatment landscape of advanced ovarian tumors withBRCAmutations. However, the impact of this class of inhibitors in patients with advancedBRCA-mutant breast cancer is relatively modest. Using a syngeneic genetically-engineered mouse model of breast tumor driven byBrca1deficiency, we show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) blunt PARPi efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, BRCA1-deficient breast tumor cells induce pro-tumor polarization of TAMs, which in turn suppress PARPi-elicited DNA damage in tumor cells, leading to reduced production of dsDNA fragments and synthetic lethality, hence impairing STING-dependent anti-tumor immunity. STING agonists reprogram M2-like pro-tumor macrophages into an M1-like anti-tumor state in a macrophage STING-dependent manner. Systemic administration of a STING agonist breaches multiple layers of tumor cell-mediated suppression of immune cells, and synergizes with PARPi to suppress tumor growth. The therapeutic benefits of this combination require host STING and are mediated by a type I IFN response and CD8+T cells, but do not rely on tumor cell-intrinsic STING. Our data illustrate the importance of targeting innate immune suppression to facilitate PARPi-mediated engagement of anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer.
Evidence for 4e charge of Cooper quartets in a biased multi-terminal graphene-based Josephson junction
Authors: Huang Ko-Fan , Ronen Yuval , Mélin Régis , Feinberg Denis , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Philip
Published: May 2022

In a Josephson junction (JJ) at zero bias, Cooper pairs are transported between two superconducting contacts via the Andreev bound states (ABSs) formed in the Josephson channel. Extending JJs to multiple superconducting contacts, the ABSs in the Josephson channel can coherently hybridize Cooper pairs among different superconducting electrodes. Biasing three-terminal JJs with antisymmetric voltages, for example, results in a direct current (DC) of Cooper quartet (CQ), which involves a four-fermion entanglement. Here, we report half a flux periodicity in the interference of CQ formed in graphene based multi-terminal (MT) JJs with a magnetic flux loop. We observe that the quartet differential conductance associated with supercurrent exhibits magneto-oscillations associated with a charge of 4e, thereby presenting evidence for interference between different CQ processes. The CQ critical current shows non-monotonic bias dependent behavior, which can be modeled by transitions between Floquet-ABSs. Our experimental observation for voltage-tunable non-equilibrium CQ-ABS in flux-loop-JJs significantly extends our understanding of MT-JJs, enabling future design of topologically unique ABS spectrum.
History-dependent domain and skyrmion formation in 2D van der Waals magnet Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Birch M. T. , Powalla L. , Wintz S. , Hovorka O. , Litzius K. , Loudon J. C. , Turnbull L. A. , Nehruji V. , Son K. , Bubeck C. , Rauch T. G. , Weigand M. , Goering E. , Burghard M. , Schütz G.
Published: May 2022

The discovery of two-dimensional magnets has initiated a new field of research, exploring both fundamental low-dimensional magnetism, and prospective spintronic applications. Recently, observations of magnetic skyrmions in the 2D ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) have been reported, introducing further application possibilities. However, controlling the exhibited magnetic state requires systematic knowledge of the history-dependence of the spin textures, which remains largely unexplored in 2D magnets. In this work, we utilise real-space imaging, and complementary simulations, to determine and explain the thickness-dependent magnetic phase diagrams of an exfoliated FGT flake, revealing a complex, history-dependent emergence of the uniformly magnetised, stripe domain and skyrmion states. The results show that the interplay of the dominant dipolar interaction and strongly temperature dependent out-of-plane anisotropy energy terms enables the selective stabilisation of all three states at zero field, and at a single temperature, while the Dzyaloshinksii-Moriya interaction must be present to realise the observed Néel-type domain walls. The findings open perspectives for 2D devices incorporating topological spin textures.
The long-tail effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on Italians’ quality of life, sleep and physical activity
Authors: Natilli Michela , Rossi Alessio , Trecroci Athos , Cavaggioni Luca , Merati Giampiero , Formenti Damiano
Published: May 2022

From March 2020 to May 2021, several lockdown periods caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have limited people’s usual activities and mobility in Italy, as well as around the world. These unprecedented confinement measures dramatically modified citizens’ daily lifestyles and behaviours. However, with the advent of summer 2021 and thanks to the vaccination campaign that significantly prevents serious illness and death, and reduces the risk of contagion, all the Italian regions finally returned to regular behaviours and routines. Anyhow, it is unclear if there is a long-tail effect on people’s quality of life, sleep- and physical activity-related behaviours. Thanks to the dataset described in this paper, it will be possible to obtain accurate insights of the changes induced by the lockdown period in the Italians’ health that will permit to provide practical suggestions at local, regional, and state institutions and companies to improve infrastructures and services that could be beneficial to Italians’ well being.
The effects of post-activation performance enhancement and different warm-up protocols on swim start performance
Authors: Đurović Marko , Stojanović Nikola , Stojiljković Nenad , Karaula Dajana , Okičić Tomislav
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) on swim start performance and lower body power performance after different warm-up protocols. Ten male national-level swimmers performed three different warm-ups: (i) a swim-specific warm-up (SW, control protocol); (ii) PAPE (an experimental protocol); and (iii) SW followed by PAPE (SW + PAPE, an experimental protocol). PAPE consisted of performing three series of 5 drop jumps. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences between the protocols in the swim start performance (F = 8.89; P < 0.001) and countermovement jump (F = 2.22; P = 0.047). SW + PAPE induced greater improvements in swim start time to 15 m (ES = − 0.47, P = 0.017) and entry time (ES = − 1.83, P < 0.001), the countermovement jump reactive strength index modified (ES = − 1.83, P < 0.001), eccentric rate of force development (ES = 0.69, P = 0.047), and index of explosive strength (ES = 0.94, P = 0.005) compared to SW. The current findings of this study indicate that the drop jump PAPE protocol, in addition to SW, is an effective tool because it could improve athletes' capacity for a more efficient swim start and their countermovement jump performance. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that PAPE induced by drop jumps could be time-efficient and practically applicable in facilities with limited resources.
Online symptoms self-assessment during COVID-19 pandemic: an analysis of a COVID-19 portal responses from Canada
Authors: Egbujie Bonaventure A. , Francisco Krizia , Alarakhia Mohamed , Hirdes John P.
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 case was first identified in Canada on January 25, 2020, on a Toronto resident who had travelled to Wuhan China, and not long after, the WHO declared the viral infection a pandemic. Ontario health West created an online self-assessment portal that allowed individuals in the health region and adjourning areas to report any COVID related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and usefulness of the Ontario Heath West online COVID-19 self-assessment portal. Record level data obtained from the Ontario Health West self-assessment portal was analyzed. Descriptive statistics using charts and graphs were used to characterize the distribution of responses to the portal. In-depth analysis using correlation, lead-lag analysis, and trend comparison with actual Government of Ontario COVID-19 cases for the region were also conducted. A total of 34,144 distinct responses were recorded on the portal between April 10 and July 29, 2020, with 1,250 (3.7%) responding positively to one of the emergency symptoms questions. Trend analysis showed a peak portal response in May 2020 with a smaller rise subsequently in July 2020, coinciding with the actual COVID-19 peak in the region. The five most reported symptoms on the portal were sore throat (17.2%), headache (12.9%), fatigue (12.3%), digestive problems (12.2%) and cough (9.1%). For four sub-regions, the trend of self-report on the portal positively lagged actual Public Health Ontario reported COVID-19 cases, while for one sub-region, the trend positively led the actual Public Health Ontario reported COVID-19 cases for the area. We found correlation between online COVID-19 self- assessment data and the confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Southwestern region of Ontario. Trends in the COVID-19 associated emergency symptoms reported on the portal also tracked confirmed COVID-19 cases in the community. Peak response to the portal coincided with the peak volume of confirmed cases in Ontario during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, suggesting some consistency between the experiences of portal users and patterns of COVID-19 illness in the community. The portal was a useful tool at the person-level because it provided guidance to individuals about how to access appropriate health services according to the symptoms that they reported and connected them with primary care, reducing unnecessary visit to health facilities for COVID-19 related care.
Asymmetric synthesis of planar-chiral macrocyclesviaorganocatalyzed enantioselective macrocyclization
Authors: Yu Shaoze , Shen Guosong , He Faqian , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2022

A novel enantioselective macrocyclization method has been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of planar-chiral macrocycles through chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed intramolecular addition of the hydroxy group with the allenamide moiety.
Selective methane photooxidation into methanol under mild conditions promoted by highly dispersed Cu atoms on crystalline carbon nitrides
Authors: da Silva Marcos A. R. , Gil Jéssica C. , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Silva Gelson T. S. T. , Filho José B. G. , Krambrock Klaus , Antonietti Markus , Ribeiro Caue , Teixeira Ivo F.
Published: May 2022

Here we report a new record of the selective methane photooxidation into methanol under mild conditions promoted by highly dispersed Cu atoms on crystalline carbon nitride, it displayed a remarkable methanol production (2900 μmol g−1) in 4 hours.
Ultrafine PtCoRh nanorods for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in acid
Authors: Gao Rui , Li Gen , Xu Kun , Qiu Chenxi , Cong Yuanyuan , Lv Yang , Jiang Qike , Qin Jiaqi , Song Yujiang
Published: May 2022

Ultrafine PtCoRh nanorods demonstrate excellent HER performance due to the high ECSA and finely tuned Pt–H strength.
Photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN: access to antifungal active tetrasubstituted pyrazines
Authors: Cao Shujun , Yuan Weidong , Li Yun , Teng Xinjie , Si Huaxing , Chen Rongshun , Zhu Yingguang
Published: May 2022

A dual photoredox/copper-catalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN has been achieved. A range of structurally novel tetrasubstituted pyrazines have been constructed in good yields.
Synthesis of allylanilines via scandium-catalysed benzylic C(sp3)–H alkenylation with alkynes
Authors: Zhou Wei , Cong Xuefeng , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin
Published: May 2022

The ortho-selective benzylic C(sp3)–H alkenylation of 2-methyl tertiary anilines with internal alkynes has been achieved by using a half-sandwich scandium catalyst, affording a new family of 2-allyaniline derivatives.
A Raman optical activity spectrometer can sensitively detect lanthanide circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Wu Tao
Published: May 2022

As a new member in the family of chiroptical methods to study chiral molecules, the ROA-CPL detection scheme requires much lower concentrations of the analyte. Lanthanides act as sensitizers, and no antenna ligands (UV-chromophores) are needed.
Ni(ii) complexes of a new tetradentate NN′N′′O picolinoyl-1,2-phenylenediamide-phenolate redox-active ligand at different redox levels
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Narottam , Sengupta Arunava , Vijay Aswin Kottapurath , Lloret Francesc , Mukherjee Rabindranath
Published: May 2022

Using an asymmetric ligand [Ni(L2)]z(z= 0, 1+ and 1−) complexes have been synthesized and their molecular, electronic structures elucidated, supported by DFT calculations: [NiII{(L2)˙2−}], [NiII{(L2)−}]+and [NiII{(L2)3−}]−.
The impact of secondary coordination sphere engineering on water oxidation reactivity catalysed by molecular ruthenium complexes: a next-generation approach to develop advanced catalysts
Authors: Ghosh Ayyan , Dasgupta Sreeja , Kundu Animesh , Mandal Sukanta
Published: May 2022

This review article provides a concise overview of the present-day knowledge to emphasise the positive impact of outer coordination sphere interactions on the reactivity of water oxidation catalysed by molecular Ru-complexes.
Top-down synthesis of luminescent microplastics and nanoplastics by incorporation of upconverting nanoparticles for environmental assessment
Authors: Yakovenko Nadiia , Amouroux Baptiste , Albignac Magali , Collin Fabrice , Roux Clément , Mingotaud Anne-Françoise , Roblin Pierre , Coudret Christophe , ter Halle Alexandra
Published: May 2022

Polyethylene model particle is synthesized by a top-down approach with effective incorporation of upconverting nanoparticles. The particles with irregular shapes, similar to those found in the environment, are trackable under 980 nm irradiation.
Rational design of covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Chai Shuming , Chen Xiaowen , Zhang Xirui , Fang Yuanxing , Sprick Reiner Sebastian , Chen Xiong
Published: May 2022

Rational design of covalent organic frameworks has been performed for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production without using any sacrificial agent.
Application of data reconciliation to a dynamically operated wastewater treatment process with off-gas measurements
Authors: Le Quan H. , Verheijen Peter J. T. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Volcke Eveline I. P.
Published: May 2022

Data reconciliation was applied to a full-scale SHARON partial nitritation process. Adding off-gas analysis allowed to identify more key variables, facilitated gross error detection and led to more reliable information on N2O emissions.
Electrochemical deposition of ZnCo2O4/NiCo2S4 nanosheet arrays for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Jiao Haoyu , Feng Tingting , Zhang Shu , Wu Mengqiang
Published: May 2022

ZnCo2O4/NiCo2S4 composites were deposited on carbon cloth for high-performance supercapacitors by electrochemical deposition using a mixed solution of MOF-drived ZnCo2O4 nanoclusters and Ni, Co, S sources.
Hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines catalyzed by an unsupported nanoporous palladium catalyst: understanding the essential reason for the high activity and selectivity of the catalyst
Authors: Lu Ye , Wang Jixiao , Feng Xiujuan , Li Yanhui , Zhang Wei , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming
Published: May 2022

A non-toxic, robust, and recyclable nanoporous palladium catalyst was successfully used in selective hydrogenation of nitriles without any additive under mild reaction conditions.
Structural dimension modulation in a new oxysulfide system of Ae2Sb2O2S3 (Ae = Ca and Ba)
Authors: Wang Ruiqi , Zhao Yantao , Zhang Xian , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2022

Two oxysulfides Ae2Sb2O2S3 (Ae = Ca, Ba) with different structural dimensions were successfully discovered. Ca2Sb2O2S3 contains one-dimensional [Sb2O2S3]4− chains, while Ba2Sb2O2S3 features zero-dimensional [Sb2O2S3]4− clusters.
Regulating the interfacial water structure by tensile strain to boost electrochemical semi-hydrogenation of alkynes
Authors: Xu Xudong , Ma Jun , Wu Fangfang , Zhu Kaili , Zhou Haiqiao , Zhang Ye , Li Xiaoyu , Zhou Yuhu , Jia Gan , Liu Dong , Gao Peng , Ye Wei
Published: May 2022

Interfacial water structure is effectively regulated by tensile strain toward K·H2O and 2-HB·H2O. K·H2O speeds up the ECSH conversion and 2-HB·H2O improves the alkene selectivity. PdCu icosahedrons deliver an enhanced the ECSH performance.
An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of enals with propargylic imines: access to γ,γ-disubstituted pyrrolidin-2-ones bearing quaternary stereogenic centers
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Liang Zheng , Zhang Simiao , Chen Lei , Wang Xiaoxue , Wang Yuchan , Feng Jie , Lu Tao , Du Ding , Gao Jian
Published: May 2022

An N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of enals with propargylic imines for the construction of γ,γ-disubstituted pyrrolidin-2-ones was developed.
Hierarchical supramolecular co-assembly formation employing multi-component light-harvesting charge transfer interactions giving rise to long-wavelength emitting luminescent microspheres
Authors: Gorai Tumpa , Lovitt June I. , Umadevi Deivasigamani , McManus Gavin , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: May 2022

Green luminescent microspheres, generated via charge-transfer interaction-induced hierarchical co-assembly of a bis-naphthyl dipicolinic amide derivative and tetracyanobenzene, transfer energy to long-wave emitting dye.
Emerging concepts in designing next-generation multifunctional nanomedicine for cancer treatment
Authors: Chakraborty Kasturee , Tripathi Archana , Mishra Sukumar , Mallick Argha Mario , Roy Rituparna Sinha
Published: May 2022

Nanotherapy has emerged as an improved anticancer therapeutic strategy to circumvent the harmful side effects of chemotherapy. It has been proven to be beneficial to offer multiple advantages, including their capacity to carry different therapeutic agents, longer circulation time and increased therapeutic index with reduced toxicity. Over time, nanotherapy evolved in terms of their designing strategies like geometry, size, composition or chemistry to circumvent the biological barriers. Multifunctional nanoscale materials are widely used as molecular transporter for delivering therapeutics and imaging agents. Nanomedicine involving multi-component chemotherapeutic drug-based combination therapy has been found to be an improved promising approach to increase the efficacy of cancer treatment. Next-generation nanomedicine has also utilized and combined immunotherapy to increase its therapeutic efficacy. It helps in targeting tumor immune response sparing the healthy systemic immune function. In this review, we have summarized the progress of nanotechnology in terms of nanoparticle designing and targeting cancer. We have also discussed its further applications in combination therapy and cancer immunotherapy. Integrating patient-specific proteomics and biomarker based information and harnessing clinically safe nanotechnology, the development of precision nanomedicine could revolutionize the effective cancer therapy.
Gaps in Framing and Naming: Commentary to “A Viewpoint on Accent Services”
Authors: Yu Betty , Nair Vishnu KK , Brea Maria Rosa , Soto-Boykin Xigrid , Privette Chelsea , Sun Lei , Khamis Reem , Chiou Hsinhuei Sheen , Fabiano-Smith Leah , Epstein Laura , Hyter Yvette D.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

In this commentary, we offer a critique of “A Viewpoint on Accent Services: Framing and Terminology Matter” (Grover et al., 2022). We argue that the authors' proposal to rename and reframe accent modification lacks criticality, which actually hinders—rather than advances—the movement toward equitable, culturally sustaining, and emancipatory practices.

Method:

We offer an analysis of the shortfall between the authors' calls for linguistic justice in “A Viewpoint on Accent Services” and the actual changes they proposed. We break down major gaps in criticality, reflexivity, practice, and vision and discuss their potential for undercutting meaningful progress as it relates to linguistic justice.

Results:

We found that the frameworks for the pursuit of equity, cultural sustenance, and emancipatory practices were misrepresented in the article in such a way that suggests that these goals could be achieved through superficial changes in terminology and attitudes. “A Viewpoint on Accent Services” upholds a power-neutral frame of operation that does not address the deeper systemic forces that make accent modification problematic. The lack of criticality toward accent intervention fosters complacency toward real transformation.

Conclusion:

We advocate for a serious and critical interrogation of accent practices and commitment to an emancipatory practice that addresses linguistic discrimination above all else. We emphasize the need to decenter standardized languages and to co-envision linguistic liberation using critical methods in scholarship, pedagogy, clinical practice, and policy.
Speech Sound Disorder Treatment Approaches Used by School-Based Clinicians: An Application of the Experience Sampling Method
Authors: Cabbage Kathryn , Farquharson Kelly , DeVeney Shari
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Children with speech sound disorders (SSDs) comprise a large portion of caseloads for school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Despite the existence of several evidence-based SSD intervention approaches, the translation from research to practice is often limited by ecological validity because of various factors unique to school settings (e.g., scheduling constraints, caseload size, child availability). The purpose of this study was to use the experience sampling method (ESM) to examine the current practices of school-based SLPs when treating children with SSDs on their caseloads.

Method:

SLPs (N= 106) from 42 different states working full-time in school-based K–12 settings participated in this study. At the beginning of the study, each SLP completed a one-time demographic survey about treatment practices for children with SSDs. The SLPs then participated in a series of brief surveys every day for one workweek using a specialized ESM phone application that randomly alerted participants to report on their treatment practices for children with SSDs.

Results:

Findings revealed that although most SLPs reported using a variety of SSD intervention approaches in a one-time survey, the majority of SLPs reported using one of three approaches in situ: the traditional articulation therapy approach, cycles, and minimal pairs. We also report a significant negative relationship between the years of experience of an SLP and the number of different approaches used.

Conclusions:

This study is the first to use the ESM to determine which approaches school-based SLPs use to treat children with SSDs. Findings demonstrate that SLPs have knowledge of many different SSD approaches but tend to utilize only a few in school-based settings.