bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle Swarm Intelligence Based Univariate Parameter Tuning of Recursive Least Square Algorithm for Optimal Heart Sound Signal Filtering
Authors: ANTONY DHAS Mary Mekala , CHANDRASEKARAN Srimathi
Published: August 2019

Heart Sound Signal (HSS) is considered as one of the important bio-signals. It carries vital information about the heart functions. For bio-acoustic observations, the HSS is diagnosed and recorded with auscultatory procedures. During auscultation, the noisy components gets added along with the reading. The physician’s individual diagnostic experience, ecological noise and the intersection of heart and lung sound signal (LSS) are considered as the major noisy components in HSS diagnosis. Suppression of LSS from the HSS is a challenging task. Due to its quasi stationary nature, adaptive filtering techniques are used for the noise removal. In this paper, Recursive Least Square (RLS) adaptive algorithm is proposed to obtain the HSS from the noisy mixture. Faster convergence is a benefit in selecting RLS algorithm over other adaptive algorithms. The forgetting factor is one of the important parameters of RLS which defines the convergence. The RLS performance is improved by choosing an optimal forgetting factor. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based search algorithms are deployed for optimization. To enhance the implementation time, a Dynamic Neighbourhood Learning Particle Swarm Optimizer (DNL-PSO) is analysed. In DNL-PSO, each particle studies from its knowledge in dynamically varying neighbourhood that prevents early convergence. The normal HSS with different LSS interference is taken to assess the RLS filter performance. In this paper, the RLS algorithm performance is compared with Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive algorithms. Various metrics are used to compare the performance of both RLS and optimization algorithms.
Cuantificación de vulnerabilidad y riesgo: las inundaciones en Motozintla de Mendoza, Chiapas, México
Authors: Rodríguez Van Gort Mary Frances
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fundamental de esta investigación fue desarrollar una metodología para cuantificar la vulnerabilidad social global. En este estudio la metodología es aplicada para determinar el riesgo por inundación que registra Motozintla. Sin embargo, dicha metodología puede ser replicada en otras comunidades del país y ante otros peligros naturales.La metodología consistió en (a) realizar la actualización cartográfica del lugar, (b) establecer la muestra mínima de viviendas a caracterizar y seleccionarlas con un método aleatorio simple, (c) determinar las variables fundamentales para la identificación de la vulnerabilidad por grupos (estructural, socio-económica, organizacional, por percepción de riesgo) y global (todas las anteriores por nivel de incidencia ponderado), (d) aplicar el método de interpolación de Distancia Inversa Ponderada (IDW, por sus siglas en inglés) para identificar áreas y niveles de vulnerabilidad y riesgo, y (e) presentar los resultados cartográficamente en mapas generados por un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para su análisis espacial.
PENENTUAN MORFOLOGI PERMUKAAN DAN SIFAT FISIS SERTA SIFAT MEKANIK BATU BATA ASAL TANAH MERAH KABUPATEN KUPANG NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Kapasiang Thabita , Bukit Minsyahril , Tarigan Jonshon
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian batu bata lempung tanpa campuran sekam padi asal desa Tanah Merah Kabupaten Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur pada suhu 8000C, 9000C dan 10000C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari batu bata. Dari hasil pengujian, batu bata dengan suhu 8000C memiliki nilai densitas 1,12 gram/cm3, suhu 9000C memiliki densitas 1,002 gram/cm3 dan suhu 10000C adalah 1,15 gram/cm3. Kuat tekan pada suhu 8000C adalah 2,73 N/mm2, suhu 9000C 1,38 N/mm2 dan suhu 10000C adalah 4,09 N/mm2. Untuk penyerapan air pada ketiga suhu adalah 1,39%  2,82% dan 1,42%. Ukuran butir  sampel batu bata pada ketiga suhu yaitu 8000c, 9000c dan 10000c, pada suhu 8000c  ukuran partikel yang paling kecil adalah 28,5 x 10-6 meter dan ukuran partikel paling besar adalah 85,7 x 10-5 meter, suhu 9000c  ukuran partikel yang paling kecil adalah  57,1 x 10-6 dan yang paling besar adalah 1,28571 x 10-3 meter. Sedangkan pada suhu 10000c ukuran partikel yang paling kecil 30 x 10-6 meter sedangkan ukuran partikel yang paling besar adalah 67,5 x 10-5  meter.

Kata kunci : Tanah liat, densitas, penyerapan air, kuat tekan dan SEM

ABSTRACT

A research of bricks from clay withouth mixture of rice husks from Tanah Merah Village-Kupang District-East Nusa Tenggara with temperature of 800oC, 900oC, and 1000oC has been done. The aim of this research is to determine quality of bricks from clay. Based on the result of this research, brick with temperature of 800oC has density value 1,12 gram/cm3, brick with temperature of 900oC has density value 1,002 gram/cm3, and brick with temperature of 1000oC has density value 1,15 gram/cm3. Compressive strength at temperature of 800oC is 2,73 N/mm2, compressive strength at temperature of 900oC is 1,38 N/mm2 and at the temperature of 1000oC is 4,09 N/mm2. For water absorption in the third temperature treatment are 1,39%  2,82% dan 1,42%. Grain size at temperature of 800oC has the smallest size is 28,5 x 10-6 meter and the largest size is 85,7 x 10-5 meter, grain size at temperature of 900oC has the smallest size is 57,1 x 10-6 meters and the largest size is 1,28571 x 10-3 meters, grain size at temperature of 1000oC has smallest size is 30 x 10-6 meters and the largest size is 67,5 x 10-5 meters.

 Keywords :  Clay, density, water absorption, compressive strength and SEM
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PASANG SURUT AIR LAUT BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK HC-SR04
Authors: Missa Ivan Kavenius , Lapono Laura A. S. , Wahid Abdul
Published: August 2019

Abstrak

Telah dirancang sistem pasang surut air laut berbasis Arduino Uno dengan menggunakan sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04. Sensor ultrasonik berfungsi mengukur ketinggian air laut. Tampilan dari sistem ini berupa ketinggian air laut sesaat yang ditampilkan pada LCD. Selain itu hasil dari sistem ini juga berupa grafik pasang surut yang dirancang menggunakan software Delphi 7.  Sistem ini telah diuji untuk  melihat ketinggian air laut serta untuk menampilkan grafik pasang surut. Proses pengujian alat berlangsung di Dermaga DIT POL AIR NTT. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berjalan dengan baik. Dimana diperoleh data bahwa dalam satu hari pengukuran terjadi dua kali pasang dan dua kali surut yang merupakan tipe pasang surut harian ganda dengan puncak pasang tertinggi adalah 164 cm dan surut terendah dengan ketinggian 68 cm.

Kata kunci: pasang surut; sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04; Arduino; Delphi

Abstract

[Title: Design of Sea Water Level Measurement Based on Arduino UNO and Using an Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04]. Arduino Uno tidal system has been designed using ultrasonic sensors HC-SR04. Ultrasonic sensors function to shave the sea water level. The display of this system is a momentary sea level displayed on the LCD. In addition the results of the system is also a tidal graph designed using Delphi 7 software. This system has been tested for viewing sea levels as well as for displaying tide charts. The tool testing process takes place at DIT POL AIR NTT Pier. The test results show that the system is running quite well. The data shows that two high and low tides occur daily. This is called semi-diurnal tide with the highest peak tide is 164 cm and the lowest tide is 68 cm.

Keywords: tidal; ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04; Arduino; Delphi
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENYIRAMAN TANAMAN SECARA MANDIRI BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLLER ATMEGA 8535
Authors: Tarigan Jonshon , Bukit Minsyahril
Published: August 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari perancangan piranti yang dapat melakukan penyiraman secara mandiri. Untuk mempermudah kegiatan itu, maka kita perlu merancang sebuah sistem perangkat yang dapat melakukan penyiraman tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Alat ini bertujuan untuk menggantikan pekerjaan manual menjadi otomatis. Manfaat yang didapat dari alat ini adalah dapat mempermudah pekerjaan manusia dalam menyiram tanaman cabai secara mandiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan merancang, membuat dan mengimplementasikan komponen-komponen sistem yang meliputi mikrokontroller sebagai pengendali, driver relay untuk memghiupkan dan mematikan pompa Air, dan LCD (linquit Cristal Display) untuk menampilkan nilai kelembaban tanah. Proses pengambilan data di dalam sebuah ruangan dengan menampilkan dalam LCD nilai kelembaban 1 % maka dynamo ON. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan alat kelembaban tanah. Sedangkan dari hasil pengukuran menggunakan sensor kelembaban yl 69 yang dilakukan pada tanaman cabai diperoleh nilai kelembaban pada tanaman cabai 45 % - 65%. Dapat dilihat bahwa hasil menunjukkan sesuai dengan nilai kelembaban cabai yang diperbolehkan, sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa rancangan sistem ini berjalan dengan baik.

Kata Kunci: Kelembaban tanah, Penyiraman mandiri, Sensor Kelembaban,

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the design of devices that can-do watering independently. To facilitate this activity, we need to design a system of devices that can water the chili plants independently. This tool aims to replace manual work to be automatic. The benefits obtained from this tool are to facilitate human work in watering chili plants independently. This research was carried out by designing, creating and implementing system components including the microcontroller as a controller, relay driver to blow and turn off the water pump, and LCD (liquid Cristal Display) to display the value of soil moisture. The process of retrieving data in a room by displaying it in LCD with a humidity value of 1%, then the dynamo is ON. This value is obtained from the measurement results using soil moisture tools. Whereas from the measurement results using the humidity sensor yl 69 which was carried out on chilli plants obtained the value of humidity in chili plants 45% - 65%. It can be seen that the results show in accordance with the moisture value of chilli that is allowed, so it can be concluded that the design of the system is running well.

Keyword: Soil moisture, independent watering, humidity sensor.
ANALISIS PASANG SURUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST SQUARE DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN ENDE, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Soares Celiana F. J. P. , Wahid Abdul , Tanesib Jehunias L.
Published: August 2019

Abstrak

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang analisis pasang surut menggunakan metode Least Square di wilayah perairan Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komponen harmonik pasang surut menggunakan metode Least Square serta menganalisis tipe pasang surut menggunakan bilangan Formzahl. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diketahui bahwa komponen pasang surut yaitu M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, Q1 dan tipe pasang surut di perairan Ende termasuk tipe campuran condong keharian ganda (mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal) dengan nilai Formzhal (F) setiap bulannya adalah (0,38), (0,31), (0,25), (0,28), (0,38), (0,44), (0,41), (0,33), (0,25), (0,27) (0,35) dan 0,42. Hasil analisis pasang surut menunjukkan nilai amplitudo harmonik pasang surut ganda utama M2 dan S2 lebih dominan dibandingkan komponen pasang surut tunggal utama K1 dan O1.

 Kata Kunci: Least Square, Campuran Condong Harian Ganda, Perairan Ende.

 Abstract

Research on tidal analysis has been done using the Least Square method in the sea area surrounding Ende, East Nusa Tenggara. This research aims to determine the components of tidal harmonics using the Least Square method and to analyze the type of tides using Formzhal number. Based on the results of analysis data, it is known that tidal harmonic components are M2, S2, N2, K1, O1, Q1 and the type of tides in Ende sea included mixed type of tide prevailing semidiurnal with Formzhal (F) value of (0.38), (0.31), (0.25), (0.28), (0.38), (0.44), (0.41), (0.33), (0.25), (0.27), (0.35), and 0.42. The results show the amplitude of the main tidal component M2 and S2 is the dominant component in the Ende Sea compared to the main single tidal component K1 and O1.

 Keywords: Least Square, Mixed Tide Prevailing Semidiurnal, Ende Sea.
APPROACH TO ELABORATION OF INTEGRAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESMENT OF SPATIAL OBJECTS CHARACTERISTICS AND ANALYSES OF TYPICAL ERRORS
(ON THE BASE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS AND RUSSIAN REGIONS AS AN EXAMPLE)
Authors: Rubanov Ivan
Published: August 2019

Integral indicators (further – II) in geography is a measurement composed of many simple indicators to characterize complex properties of spatial phenomenon. II is subjective, since a sci-entist should make personal decision to choose approach, the way of mathematic processing and integration of initial data to compos II. Composing II consists of a few stages: definition of the object and the focus of the research; definition of territorial units – their scale and boundaries; selection of particular indicators and their initial structuring (gathering in subgroups); normalizing indicators using threshes; defining weights of particular indicators and algorithm of their in-tegration for II calculation. Verification of results could be done using comparison of calculated and real values in well-known field plots. If it is impossible then cartographic visualization is used – chaotic mix of areas with different II values which resemble patchwork quilt is a witness of mistakes in methodology and selected approach. Typical errors while composing II are: the object and the focus of the research are not defined; dimensionality of indicators is wrong; irrel-evant indicators is used; failed approach to definition the scale or type of territorial units; irrele-vant approach to definition of threshes or inaccurate expert definition of threshes, in particular incorrect application of minimal and maximum values in dataset as low/high threshes. When as-pects of sustainable development are investigated and in many other cases pressure, state, reac-tion and management indicators incorrectly mixed and used together. When territory of Russia is in focus typical errors are: using regions as basic territorial unit (higher administrative division level) instead of natural areas or lower level division, incorrect statistic data deriving for multi-unit regions, mixing divergent socio-economic indicators and also – using unreliable (for some regions) statistical indicators.
CHARACTERISTIC OF HOSPITAL KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE STRAINS CIRCULATING IN THE PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL
Authors: Belova I.V. , Tochilina А.G. , Solov’eva I.V. , Kovalishena О.V. , Shirokova I.Yu. , Poslova L.Yu. , Zhirnov V.A. , Molodtsova S.B.
Published: August 2019

We researched 26 K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae strains, isolated from patients and objects of the environment during the epidemic ill-being period in the pediatric hospital. Identification of strains and their clustering, study of antibiotic sensitivity, detection of antibiotic resistance determinants, whole genome sequencing were carried out.
It is established that one strain characterized by identical RAPD patterns and sensitivity to antibiotics from the groups of cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and glycylcyclides circulates in the department.The strain is resistant to ampicillin (MIC > 16) and nitrofurantoin (MIC > 64). Whole genome sequencing made it possible to characterize the strain as K. pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae ST 3181K-54, the analysis of the whole genome sequence showed the presence of a fosomycin resistance gene (fosA) and virulence determinants namely a complex of siderophores (aerobactin and enterobactin), fimbria of the third type, iron utilization system kfu and cluster of genes responsible for allantoin utilization that allowed us to consider the strain as a microorganism with a high pathogenic potential capable to rapid prevalence and dissemination in tissues.
Production of Charcoal Briquettes from Palmyra Palm Waste in Kirimat District, Sukhothai Province, Thailand
Authors: Chumsang Chanphen , Upan Pitak
Published: August 2019

Palmyra palm is a significant economic crop in Kirimat District, Sukhothai Province, and generates large quantities of husks, stalks and shells as by-products and wastes, which impacts on the local environment. This study investigated (1) production of compressed charcoal briquettes from Palmyra palm husks, fruit calyx and shells, whose physical properties and thermal performance were tested and analyzed according to Thai Community Product Standard (tcps 238/2004); (2) the economic return of the production process. The results showed that 40%of shells of a mature palm fruit and 90% of the husk and fruit calyx of young palm fruit are left over. Moreover, the thermal properties of the palm husks, fruit calyx and shells were found to be similar to those of coconut shells and oil palms. In an experiment to test the properties of blends of the two products (husks and fruit calyx: shells) in 6 different mixing ratios using starch paste as binding agent, all 6 mixing ratios showed thermal values ranging from 5,281.60–6,702.00 kcal kg-1, which exceeded the Thai CommunityProduct Standard (tcps). During combustion, these briquettes produced low levels of crackling, odour and smoke emissions, and drop shatter. These characteristics make the studied briquettes appropriate for storage and transport. At a production cost of 4.83 baht kg-1for a production capacity of 400kg d-1, the payback period was 1.3 years. Therefore, the palm briquettes would make analternative source of additional income and an alternative fuelsubstitute for wood charcoaland LPG.
Determination Towards Decision of Public Response in Flood Situation: Case Study in Urban Flood Prone Area in Central Region in Thailand
Authors: Raungratanaamporn I-soon
Published: August 2019

Public involvement has become a crucial part in increasing the efficiency of disaster management activities nowadays. In particular, collaboration between civil society and municipalities emerge in disaster situations because uncertainties in personal perception compel them to do so more than their own willingness to involved in disaster management activity. Since this appears to have occurred as a response to the 2011 flood situation in Thailand, the question is how a successful was this collaboration? The aim of this research is to identify factors influencing people’s involvement in disaster management activity. The two study objectivesare as follows: (1) to elucidate the characteristics of flood responses in the selected case study, and (2) to measure the level of involvement of community members in flood-prone urban areas during the flood situation in 2011. This study area is located in PakKretMunicipality, NonthaburiProvince, which is considered as one area that was successful in its flood management efforts during the 2011 flood situation. This research utilized a questionnaire survey, which adopts and extends concepts relevant to willingness to pay for and take part in disaster management activities. Fivefactors were applied to the investigation: (1) Respondents’ information; (2) Decision of respondents to take action, classified by flood inundation level; (3) Perception towards stakeholders in flood management activities; (4) Factors influencing respondents to become involved in flood management activity; and (5) Current preparation and response effort. The study found that external groups such as central and local government, community leaders and members have to take responsibility as first-tier respondents in disaster situations. In the case of collaboration, community members are willing to help government sector as volunteers, and the three most influentialfactors which led community members to become involved in disaster management activity are level of severity, duration of disaster, and expectation to avoid escalation of the situation.
Satoyama Agricultural Development Tool (SADT) for Collaborative Assessment of Hilltribe Communities in Chiang Mai: Case Studies of Mueang Ang, Nhong Lom and Pa Kea Noi
Authors: Dublin Devon R. , Pilumwong Jarunee , Chaiwong Sumamas , Jantakoson Thitima , Chompupoung Anchan , Tanaka Noriyuki
Published: August 2019

The Satoyama Agricultural Development Tool (SADT) is based on five perspectives identified by the International Partnership for the SatoyamaInitiative (IPSI). To determine itsefficiency in indigenous communities, case studies were undertaken inthree hilltribe com-munities: Mueang Ang, Nhong Lom and Pa Kea Noi, located in the province of Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Satoyama analysis was conducted in each village by officers attached to the Royal Project Foundation (RPF) and the Highland Research and Development Institute (HRDI) operating out of the stations of Inthanon and Mae Hae. These were compared with similar analysis done by villagers of each village studied. Results showed uniformity amongstvillagers, and amongst officers. No statistical differences were obtained when analysis betweenofficers and villagers were compared, demonstrating that if persons are exposed to the same data and experiences within a given locale, they would produce similar evaluations when using thetool. Further, because villagers are capable of auto-evaluation, it is an indication that the tool should be simplified to facilitate ease of use. We were able to conclude that the SADT allowsevaluation of the extent to which the perspectives of Satoyama are met in any given commu-nity. It is diagnostic in nature and would set the stage for a systematic and scientific approach that should be employed to advance sustainable agricultural development in the community,premised on its local culture and characteristics. The staff attached to the RPF has opted to use the tool as a means of evaluating progress in hilltribe communities affiliated to it.
Perception and Communication of Flood Risk: Lessons Learned about Thailand’s Flood Crisis of 2011
Authors: Kittipongvises Suthirat , Mino Takashi
Published: August 2019

Flooding remains a common environmental hazard worldwide, causing some of the most devastating natural disasters of the last century. This is why understanding public perception hasbecome such an important topic for policy makers concerned with flood risk management.This study investigated public perception of flooding events through analysis of risk communi-cation for Thailand’s flood crisis in 2011. An online questionnaire was electronically distributed toresidents potentially affected by flooding in Bangkok. Results from 437 returned surveys indi-cate that Thai residents tend to display both cognitive and affective biases in their perceptions of flood risk. The majority of respondents believed the great flood of Thailand 2011 was directly caused by government mismanagement and negative impacts of climate variability. These biases mightoccur because of difficulty in evaluating flood probability and lack of adequate information. Floods and related topics mainly evoked feelings of stress, anxiety, boredom, powerlessness andfear. The majority of Thai respondents distrusted any informationprovided by the central govern-ment,while rumors and misinformation could have affected public perceptions and responses tothe flood. The general failure of preventive action and poor risk communication have been reported. Further implications (i.e. Cognitive-Affective Interference in Protective Anticipatory Adaptation; CAIPAAmodel) and further recommendations are discussed.
Occurrence of Trichodesmium Erythraeum (Cyanophyte) Bloom and Its Effects on the Fish Catch during April 2013, in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Kumar Arun , Padmavati Gadi , Pradeep Hosahalli
Published: August 2019

A highly intense bloom of the nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum(~7,000 filaments l-1) was observed during April 2013 (for a period of 5 days) in the Andaman Sea, at Lat.10°-13°N and Long. 93°-95°E.This is the first report of this bloom in the open waters of this region. Atmospheric temperature at the time ranged from 27 to 30.5 °C, sea surface temperature ranged from 29 to 34 °C, and salinity values ranged from 32.5 to 34 psu. However, there was no significant variation in pH (8.1-8.3), and DO concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 5.5 mg L-1during the studyperiod. Phosphate values ranged from 0.07 μmol L-1to 0.57 μ mol L-1, silicate values ranged from 1.7 to 2.7 μmol L-1, nitrate levels were very low (0.3-0.57 μmol L-1). At this time, the biomass of Trichodesmium erythraeum was high, indicating the bloom was in a growth phase. An upsurge in water temperature was found to explain the bloom, together with an increase in salinity. The hooking rate of fish ranged from 0 to 0.32%. However, in the study area with the highest density of the bloom, almost zero fish catch was recorded, clearly indicating the harmful impact of this algal bloom on fish populations and their distribution pattern.
Best Management Practices for Sustainability in a Small-scale Community Renewable Energy: Sathya Sai School, Thailand
Authors: Kitisittichai Panichat , Aruninta Ariya
Published: August 2019

Organizations working towards standardization have defined universal standards for Best Management Practices (BMPs) for renewable energy (RE) projects. However, these universal standards are better suitedto large-scale than small-scale projects such as community renewable energy (CRE) projects. Methods used by CRE projects to achieve BMP status remain to be determined. This paper aims to present various aspects of BMPs for small-scale CRE projects by emphasizing practices that are unrestricted, simple, andadaptable to the surrounding environment, and that will eventually lead to sustainability in the commu-nity. The case study involves RE projects at the ‘Sathya Sai School Thailand,’ an education-based com-munity which has a community-like organizational management. The community implements CRE pro-jects for educational-awareness program and to serve their energy needs, starting with micro scale in the community which then will impact on the reduction of climate change crisis at global level. The methodologies used for initial assessment of the involvement of residents and stakeholders, attitude of residents towards CRE project management, and attitudes towards the benefits of CRE project management included (1) field research (i.e., field observations and key-person interviews) and (2) a preference questionnaire. The results identify strengths and weaknesses of CRE project management, and are used to evaluate whether CRE project management constitutes a BMPs by using ‘The scale and sustainability score sheet’ tool. Moreover, recommendations for CRE projects to achieve BMPs status for sustainable community RE are generated from synthesis of sustainability ratings of CRE project management and integration of BMPs theory with the gaps and weaknesses of CRE project management. In conclusion, solutions focus on ‘actual problem-based solving approach’, understanding CRE project management problems and sustained practices by community residents are at the core of BMPs. Experiences can be shared by exchanging RE knowledge among academic and professional networks, and this exchange may improve the suitability of REs in relation to dynamic changes in environmental conditions.
The Econometric Model of Ship-generated Operational Waste: The Underlying Tool for Waste Management in Container Port
Authors: Senarak Chalermpong
Published: August 2019

Marine pollution prevention through adequate provision of garbage reception facility (GRF) is a legal obligation of every port. According to MARPOL 73/78, each port authority should explore ways to increase its ability to prevent marine pollution from ship-generated waste. The paper supports this legal requirement by developing an econometric model for estimating the amount of operational waste delivered at GRF. The multiple regression with ordinary least squares technique was used to analyze the relationship between the amount of operational waste per month and two explanatory variables – size of ship and travelling distance from the last port of discharge. Data from 2008 to 2014 were obtained from the Port Authority of Thailand. Over-all, the adjusted model fits reasonably well with the dataset and all assumptions are satisfied, implying that the estimated coefficients are more practicable to be used by port authority. It is found that, over the past decades, GRF has been provided sufficiently in comparison with the demand. However, the physical adequacy of GRF should be paid special attention during the consideration of phase-3 construction of Laem Chabang Port due to the dramatic growth of the amount of operational waste resulting from an expected rapid increase in maritime traffic.
Acidic Recovery from Wastewater of Automotive Battery Plant Using Membrane Technology
Authors: Chaimongkalayon Nantanee , Thanasupsin Sudtida P.
Published: August 2019

Diffusion dialysis (DD) equipped with anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is used as an effective tool to recover acidfrom various types of waste acid solutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the DD process to recover sulfuric acid (HsSO4) from the acidic wastewater from an automotive battery plant. A numbers of experimental runs was conducted to optimize the equipment’s operating conditions, particularly variations in feed flow and flow rate ratios . The results showed that H2SO4 permeated well through the AEM, while metal ions were efficiently rejected. The recovery of H2SO4 increased as flow rate decreased. Approximately 84.5% of H2SO4 could be recovered at 9 .38 × 10 -5 m3 h-1 m-2. Pb2+ rejection was 69.5%. In addition, recovery efficiency could be improved by increasing the flow rate ratio. At the highest flow rate ratio, DD could recover up to 90% of H2SO4 while the lowest rejection of Pb2+ (61%) was obtained. Also, the investigation of the effect of variation of flow rate ratio on recovery efficiency revealed that the optimum flow rate ratio should be controlled at around 1 to 1.2.
Proper Dissemination of Information to Improve People Awareness on Flood Disaster: A Case Study of 2011 Flood in Thailand
Authors: Molla Neelima A. , Sangsanont Jatuwat , Thayanukul Parinda , Furumai Hiroaki
Published: August 2019

The study aims are to investigate the people perception on flood response, flood awareness and information dissemination during 2011 flood, to discuss the proper information needed for flood preparedness, and to understand drinking water preferences during emergency periods. A question-naire survey was conducted to collect information on flood awareness and preparedness from the people residing in a suburb of Bangkok that was one of the most severely affected areas. Re-sults showed that more than 90% of public realized the necessity of flood awareness. Flood risk per- ception level was positively correlated with age. There were gender differrences in priorit y floodresponses; males were more concerned about electrocution while women were more concerned over damage to household property. More than 40% of respondents gave lower priority to electricit y cutoffs during the flood. This perception of knowledge could lead to life-threatening damage. Television was found to be the most effective channel for disseminating flood information (58%) due to its reliability, transparency, and promptness. However, its popularity was slightly reduced during flood, most likely due to electricity shortages. For the younger generation, TV and internet are the most powerful tools, while older people rely on many channels including radio and pamphlet, so that messages need to be disseminated through many channels in combination. Infor-mation on flood severity, asset protection, water supply, food supply, health information, and shelter was concerned before and during flood. Bottled water was the main alternate water source (70%). The findings of this study provide basic guidance to the authorities concerned to assist in deve-loping effective policies and plans to minimize the impacts of future floods.
Synthesis and Scaling up of Fe3+ by Sol-gel Method Doped on Ceramic Foam for Decolorization of Reactive Red Dyeing Wastewater
Authors: Khaowin Pongsak , Pongyeela Prukraya , Kongpanna Pichayapan , Chungsiriporn Juntima
Published: August 2019

Wastewater from the Batiktextile industry contains large amounts of dyestuff together with significant amounts of suspended solids (SS), dispersing agents, salts and trace amounts of me-tals. Since this can lead to severe environmental problems, proper wastewater treatment pro-cesses are essential. The synthesis of Fe3+by sol-gel method doped on a ceramic foam for reac-tive red and disperse dyes removal from synthetic dye wastewater. Inthis research, the effect of color concentration, amount of catalyst and volumetric flow rates for industrial scale were studied.The Fe3+catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method in which 3M of FeCl3was used as a pre-cursor. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by the EDX spectrum from an X-ray spectro-meter. The surface morphology of the catalyst was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To determine optimum operating conditions for catalytic testing, variations of disperse and reactive red concentrations (10 to 200 mg L-1) were used. The results indicated that the highest color removal efficiency (up to 96%) was observed when using Fe3+catalyst; 4 piecesper literof solution, and initial pH of 6.0. These conditions were then scaled up for a continuous packed bed column study. It was found that the optimal operating conditions obtained from the mathematical model for reactive red wastewater were: concentration of reactive red in the syn-thetic wastewater20 to 80 mg L-1; amounts of catalyst 432.5 to 1,730 mg and volumetric flow rates of wastewater20 to 200 mL min-1. Up to 84.85% of color removal efficiency was achieved.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil Using Organic Wastes
Authors: Obuotor Tolulope M. , Sakariyau Abdulwasiu O. , Bada Babatunde S.
Published: August 2019

Physical and chemical methods of remediating contaminated soils are less environment-friendly compared to the biodegradation method. This study investigated the ability of selected organic wastes to enhance biodegradation of Spent Engine Oil (SEO) contaminated soil. One kilogram of uncontaminated soil was thoroughly mixed with 10% (w/v) SEO in seven treatments with two replicates. Spent Fruit Residues (SFR), Cassava Peel (CP) and a combination of Bean Husk and Chromolaena odorata(BHC) were added at 10% and20% (w/w), with an untreated control. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC), Total Fungal Count (TFC), Total Hydro-carbon Degrading Bacterial Count (THDBC) and Total Hydrocarbon Degrading Fungal Count (THDFC) of the contaminated and uncontaminated soils were determined using standard micro-biological methods. Isolates were screened for SEO utilization using 2,6-dichlorophenol indo-phenol indicator. Hydrocarbon contents of the soils were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The THBC ranged from 1.3x106to 2.9x106CFU g-1, TFC ranged from 5.4x104to 2.0x105CFUg-1, THDBC ranged from 0.5x103to 1.9x104CFUg-1while THDFC ranged from 2.0x103to 1.0x104CFUg-1. The isolated bacteria were Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Burkholderia cepacia, Micrococcus luteus, Providencia rettgeri, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovisand Enterobacter cloacaewhile the isolated fungi were Candida spp., Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Penicillium chrysogenumand Trichophyton sp. Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Aspergillus nigerutilized the oil better than other isolates with absorbance of 0.26 and 0.49 at 600 nm, respectively. The GC-MS revealed that SFR 20% (w/w) treatment had the highest percentage degradation of 70.5%. This study confirms that spent fruit residues can enhance biodegradation of spent engine oil contaminated soil.
Potential of Using Surfactants to Enhance Ammonium and Nitrate Adsorption on Rice Husk and Its Biochar
Authors: Mathurasa Lada , Damrongsiri Seelawut
Published: August 2019

Inorganic nitrogen fertilizers are widely and heavily used in agriculture. Leaching of these fertilizers is a cause of eutrophication in water bodies. This study examines the use of rice husk and its biochar, their efficiency in adsorption of ammonium and nitrate and the potential of using surfactants, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), to increase adsorption. Physical and chemical properties of adsorbents were examined through BET, SEM-EDX, and CEC value, respectively. The equilibrium batch adsorption was conducted. The result showed that rice husk was lower in surface area, total pore volume, pore diameter, silica and oxygen content, and CEC value as compared to biochar. Rice husk adsorbed nitrate well while rice husk biochar adsorbed ammonium ions better. The adsorption patterns of both ammonium and nitrate were well explained by Freundlich’s isotherm and are primarily attributed to chemical charge sorption. Both adsorbents could adsorb surfactants through Van der Waals forces between the long chain of surfactant and organic fraction on the surface of rice husks, exposing the charging head for ionic pollutant adsorption. Either SDBS or CTAB-modified rice husk and its biochar could enhance the adsorption of ammonium and nitrate.
Potential Biosurfactant-producing Bacteria from Pharmaceutical Wastewater using Simple Screening Methods in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Akintokun Aderonke K. , Adebajo Seun O. , Akinremi Caroline A.
Published: August 2019

merging multiple opportunities for industrial production and environmental applications have focused increasing research attention on biosurfactants in recent years. Hydrocarbon-polluted soils have proved a major source of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. In this study an alternative method of producing biosurfactants was established, based on pharmaceutical effluents. Pharmaceutical effluents are a rich source of complex organic compounds with potential as a substrate for micro-bial biosurfactant production. A successful biosurfactant screening assay is achieved when a com-bination of different methods are employed. Biosurfactant producing bacteria were isolated from pharmaceutical effluent and identified by biochemical methods. The best biosurfactant producer was identified by a molecular method. The biosurfactant screening techniques employed were drop collapse assay, haemolytic assay, oil spreading assay, bacteria adhesion to hydrocarbon assay and emulsification assay. Analysis of haemolytic activity indicated that 35 isolates (44.30%) produced beta-haemolysis, 12 isolates (15.19%) produced gamma-haemolysis, while 32 isolates (40.51%) produced alpha-haemolysis. The highest zone of clearance was 42.0± 1.73 by isolate DF7 and lowest zone of clearance was obtained from isolate GC5 of 12.0± 0.73. Screening of the 35 isolates using the oil spreading test showed that 28 isolates (80.0%) were positive, while 7 isolates (20.0%) were negative. The highest zone of clearance for the oil in water was 19.0±0.1 by DF1 while the lowest zone was 4.3±0.33 by MB3. The drop collapse test revealed that 22 isolates (78.57%) were positive and 6 isolates (21.43%) were negative. At 0h, the highest emulsification percentage was 74.4% by Bacillus licheniformis and the lowest was 42.5% by Arthrobacter globiformis. After 24h, the highest emulsification value (69.23%) was obtained for Bacillus clausis, while the lowest value (30.84%) was obtained for Arthrobacter globiformis. The findings demonstrated the ability of the isolates to produce biosurfactant, and confirmed the capacity of Bacillus clausis isolated from pharmaceutical effluents as a potential bacteria for biosurfactant production.
Kaolin Modified Nano Zero Valent Iron Synthesis via Box-Behnken Design Optimization
Authors: Khamdahsag Pummarin , Thongkao Wannakan , Saowapakpongchai Apichart , Tanboonchuy Visanu
Published: August 2019

Nano zero valent iron (NZVI) has been extensively studied for its application to treat pollutants, particularly in contaminated water. This research studies enhancement of the reducing power of NZVI using kaolin as a supporter and ethanol as a medium. Kaolin modified nano zero valent iron (K-NZVI) was synthesized under three different parameters including ethanol content (0-100 v%), ratio of kaolin to NZVI (0-1.5), and dropping rate of NaBH4 (4-10 mL/min). The Box-Behnken Design was used to design the experimental conditions, and Reactive Red 120 was used as an organic pollutant probe to quantify the reducing power of the synthesized K-NZVI. The results revealed that the highest reduction potential of K-NZVI was found under the following conditions: ethanol content of 100 v%, kaolin to NZVI ratio of 0.75, and NaBH4 dropping rate of 7 mL/min. Based on these optimal synthesized conditions, the smaller crystal size of NZVI as measured from X-ray diffraction peaks, led to more efficient reduction of RR120. Images from scanning electron microscopy revealed that Fe was distributed uniformly over the surface, while the particles found in synthesized K-NZVI were mainly iron (Fe) and oxygen (O).
Teorema de Rouché e aplicações
Authors: Dutra Lucas Pinto , Diehl Nicolau Matiel Lunardi , Silva Rodrigo Sychocki da
Published: August 2019

A pesquisa é resultado do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Lucas Pinto Dutra, sob orientação dos professores Nicolau Matiel Lunardi Diehl e Rodrigo Sychocki da Silva. Na ocasião da pesquisa apresentou-se uma demonstração do Teorema de Rouché. Algumas aplicações do teorema também foram exploradas ao longo do trabalho. O método utilizado para a realização foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, de acordo com a proposta de Gil (2010), possibilitando que o estudo ocorresse a partir da teoria existente sobre os conteúdos explorados. Fundamentado em Lins Neto (2012) e Soares (2014), o trabalho apresentou algumas noções preliminares de números complexos e funções de variável complexa, além das concepções da Teoria de Cauchy e de singularidades, as quais foram necessárias no decorrer do estudo sobre o teorema central explorado na pesquisa. Mostrou-se que o Teorema de Rouché é uma importante ferramenta de variáveis complexas sendo possível através dele enumerar os zeros de funções complexas em determinadas regiões. A partir do Teorema de Rouché foi possível obter uma demonstração simples para o Teorema Fundamental da Álgebra. Ainda como aplicação do teorema em questão, estudou-se sobre a existência de ponto fixo para funções complexas holomorfas em uma bola de raio um.
Desenvolvimento de mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para a simulação de chamas e a utilização de softwares matemáticos para sua interpretação
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Boff , Andreis Greice Da Silva Lorenzzetti
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho é resultado do projeto de pesquisa “Desenvolvimento de mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para a simulação de chamas e a utilização de softwares matemáticos para sua interpretação”, que visa obter mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos para diferentes combustíveis e explorar softwares matemáticos. A combustão é um processo de oxidação rápida, normalmente de intensidades variáveis. Sendo assim, as simulações numéricas são complicadas pois existem grandes diferenças nas escalas de tempo das conversões entre espécies. Enquanto a combustão do hidrogênio pode ser modelada com 17 reações (PETERS, ROGG, 1993), o biodiesel possui mais de 7000 reações (CRECK MODELING GROUP, 2012). Assim, existe a necessidade de desenvolver mecanismos cinéticos reduzidos que possuam menos variáveis, rigidez moderada e boa precisão. Os mecanismos detalhados podem ser reduzidos utilizando hipóteses de equilíbrio parcial, regime permanente, e métodos de redução que buscam remover espécies e reações de menor importância como a análise de sensibilidade e o método “Direct Relation Graph”. Cada reação possui uma taxa que é dada em função das concentrações das espécies e envolve um coeficiente dado pela equação modificada de Arrhenius: k_i=AT^n*exp(-E/(RT)), onde A é o fator de frequência, T a temperatura, E a energia de ativação e R a constante dos gases. A pesquisa consistiu na automatização do processo de análise do grau de magnitude do coeficiente da taxa de reação desenvolvida por Andreis (2011). Ao mesmo tempo em que o algoritmo desenvolvido em Scilab elimina as reações mais rápidas, ele garante que não sejam eliminadas reações importantes na queda hierárquica das espécies do mecanismo.
Trabalhando com funções do 1º e 2º graus com a utilização do Software Scientific Notebook
Authors: Andreis Greice Da Silva Lorenzzetti
Published: August 2019

Este minicurso tem por objetivo proporcionar a revisão e a compreensão das funções do 1º e 2º graus, com o auxílio do Software Scientific Notebook (MACKICHAN SOFTWARE, 2013). A primeira aplicação deste minicurso ocorreu em 2005 com uma turma de estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola estadual da rede pública de ensino de Caxias do Sul. Devido à aceitação, ao envolvimento e ao crescimento destes estudantes, propõe-se a utilização desta metodologia por professores de Matemática. O minicurso é estruturado em 5 módulos e as atividades privilegiam situações problemas do cotidiano, modeladas e resolvidas com o conteúdo abordado. É explorada a relação entre a forma algébrica com o tipo de gráfico produzido, as consequências gráficas quando variamos o coeficiente angular ou o coeficiente linear em uma função do 1º grau, o reconhecimento dos zeros de uma função tanto algebricamente quanto graficamente, a análise do crescimento e decrescimento de funções do 1º grau com a análise gráfica, a identificação da concavidade de uma parábola graficamente e por meio da lei da função, o reconhecimento da relação entre o vértice de uma parábola e os pontos de máximo e mínimo, e a identificação do sinal de uma função do 1º ou 2º grau a partir de seus zeros e da visualização geométrica. Nas vezes em que este minicurso foi aplicado, percebeu-se uma boa receptividade dos estudantes, além de um entendimento mais amplo do conteúdo, uma vez que oportuniza a relação dos conceitos com a interpretação geométrica e também com situações do cotidiano.
Resolução de problemas: algumas intervenções pedagógicas
Authors: Furlan Marlise
Published: August 2019

A caracterização de um problema matemático deve se realizar previamente à escolha de uma metodologia que trate da sua resolução. De acordo com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Matemática, "um problema matemático é uma situação que demanda a realização de uma sequência de ações ou operações para obter um resultado" (BRASIL, 1998, p. 41). Essa sequência de ações, necessária para se obter o resultado de um problema, de acordo com o método dos quatro passos de Polya (1995), consiste em compreender o problema, planejar a resolução, executar este plano e verificar o resultado. É importante observar que não basta ao professor propor problemas, faz-se necessário que ele proponha problemas que sejam desafiadores aos estudantes, e cuja solução não lhes esteja disponível de início, pois "o que é problema para um aluno pode não ser para outro, por exemplo, em função dos conhecimentos de que dispõe" (BRASIL, 1998, p. 41). Visa-se, desta maneira, estimular a vontade e direcionar a atenção do aluno à tarefa de resolver problemas desafiadores. Conduzir o processo de resolução, usando o método de Polya, como o de descrição dos passos da resolução dos problemas, primeiro conversando, discutindo, dramatizando, depois fazendo anotações, com o objetivo de criar memória visual ao pensamento, até que se construa uma estrutura, uma formalização, de acordo com o nível de ensino dos estudantes, é uma forma eficaz de desenvolver o processo de resolução de problemas matemáticos escolares.