bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability of Complement Degree Polynomial of Graphs
Authors: K Safeera , V Anil  Kumar
Published: March 2023

A graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense related. The objects correspond to mathematical abstractions called vertices (also called nodes or points) and each of the related pairs of vertices is called an edge (also called link or line). A directed graph is a graph in which edges have orientation. A simple graph is a graph that does not have more than one edge between any two vertices and no edge starts and ends at the same vertex.  For a simple undirected graph G with order n, and let  denotes its complement. Let δ(G), ∆(G) denotes the minimum degree and maximum degree of G respectively. The complement degree polynomial of G is the polynomial CD[G,x]= , where Cdi(G) is the cardinality of  the set of vertices of degree i in . A multivariable polynomial f(x1,...,xn) with real coefficients is called stable if all of its roots lie in the open left half plane.  In this paper, investigate the stability of complement degree polynomial of some graphs.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification:  05C31, 05C50
A Study on Co – odd (even) Sum Degree Edge Domination Number in Graphs
Authors: Selvi V Mohana , Usha P , Ilakkiya D
Published: March 2023

An edge dominating set    of a graph  is said to be an odd (even) sum degree edge dominating set (osded (esded) - set) of G if the sum of the degree of all edges in X is an odd (even) number. The odd (even) sum degree edge domination number  is the minimum cardinality taken over all odd (even) sum degree edge dominating sets of G and is defined as zero if no such odd (even) sum degree edge dominating set exists in G. In this paper, the odd (even) sum degree domination concept is extended on the co-dominating set E-T of a graph G, where T is an edge dominating set of G.  The corresponding parameters co-odd (even) sum degree edge dominating set, co-odd (even) sum degree edge domination number and co-odd (even) sum degree edge domination value is defined.  Further, the exact values of the above said parameters are found for some standard classes of graphs.  The bounds of the co-odd (even) sum degree edge domination number are obtained in terms of basic graph terminologies.  The co-odd (even) sum degree edge dominating sets are characterized.  The relationships with other edge domination parameters are also studied.
On the Split Mersenne and Mersenne-Lucas Hybrid Quaternions
Authors: Devi B. Malini , Devibala S.
Published: March 2023

In this communication, introduce the split Mersenne and Mersenne-Lucas hybrid quaternions, also obtaining generating functions and Binet formulas for these hybrid quaternions and investigating some properties among them.
Energy Efficient Qos Aware Decentralized Blockchain Framework for Fog Computing
Authors: Gawas Mahadev , Govekar Sweta
Published: March 2023

With the rush from cloud offerings and pull from IoT, we envision that the brink of the network is changing from facts patron to information manufacturer as well as facts client. In this paper, we attempt to make a contribution to the concept of edge computing in IoT-enabled Blockchain. IoTenabled Blockchain frameworks slightly help simultaneous execution of a couple of applications and platform independence. These frameworks take advantage of Cloud assets for facts storage and regularly compel electricitylimited IoT devices to procedure the raw data. To lessen the management overhead, current frameworks apply centralized techniques that eventually degrade the QoS. They additionally confine the attention to few safety aspects which results in increase in the vulnerability of the incorporated surroundings. As a solution to those issues, we suggest a energy efficient and QoS-aware decentralized blockchain (EEQA-DBC) in fog computing. The proposed EEQA -DBC disposes the usage of a relied third party and removes the hassle of centralized blockchain. The proposed EEQA-DBC eliminates the need for consensus techniques by utilizing the trust evaluation concepts based on permissioned blockchain concepts to match the requirements of distributed architecture. This paper suggests the novel security evaluation authentication scheme and discusses how the scheme achieves security desires (of personal, integrity, and availability), and is able to triumph over eavesdropping, replay, and denial of service (DoS) attacks. Given the significant security and privacy benefits on offer, the proposed method significantly outweighs by consuming as low as 0.88 mj overheads as compared to standard blockchain.
Predator-Prey Model Based Resource Allocation in Edge Computing
Authors: liu bingjie , Bai Yali , Ding Li
Published: March 2023

Edge computing layer fills the gap between cloud computing layer and terminal devices layer, having the characteristics of fast processing speed and short application response time. Because the edge nodes are highly dynamic, the first problem we need to consider is how to allocate these resources reasonably so that the system can achieve a continuous stable state. In this paper, we study the resource allocation problem of network services in edge computing environment, and proposing a resource allocation model based on stochastic differential equation. We use the predator-prey model to analyze the resource strategy for the system to reach a stable state. We also quantitatively analyze the relationship between cloud computing resources and edge computing resources providing services to users, and prove the existence, uniqueness as well as stability of the model solution. Numerical simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of the model.
Techno-economic analysis of using RFID to reduce errors in supply chains: A simulation approach
Authors: Shahrabi Mehran Salehi
Published: March 2023

Information and inventory flows are the lifelines of supply chain management which are closely intertwined. However in the real world, there are many errors between these two flows due to the variety of goods the number and variety of products. In this regard, the transaction errors are the common phenomena in supply chain processes such as receiving, selling, warehousing, etc. On the other hand, using RFID to reduce inventory errors via managers has doubts due to its costs. In present study, a novel methodology is provided for analyzing the effect of errors on information system inventory by applying the simulation approach. In addition, quantitative analyzing of RFID role in errors reduction is presented by determination of the optimal amount of inventory. To this, at first, the meaningful difference between profit in the absence and the presence of transaction errors was examined by statistical hypothesis testing and then optimal order quantity in the both of cases with and without the using RFID was calculated based on mathematical modeling. At last, the two-way sensitivity analysis approach is applied to examine the cost-effective using RFID. The results show that only at the point of optimal economic order quantity is always a meaningful difference between profit in the absence and the presence of transaction errors. Also the error rate is the most important factor and sale unit price and shortage cost are others factors, respectively for the cost-effective using RFID technology,
The clinical application of minimally invasive surgery for tibia fracture with traction reduction device on lower limb fracture
Authors: Lin Wang , Chen Shunyou , Yuan Cuihua , Wang Yingying , Zhang Shenshen , Xu Shenggui , Li Guangsheng , Huang Jiaqing , guo weizhong , Lin Chengshou
Published: March 2023

Background
The indirect reduction is one kind of micro-invasive technology. The most important mechanism of indirect reduction is traction.The purpose of this study was to independently develop a traction reduction device on lower limb fracture and explore the clinical effect of micro-invasive treatment on tibial fracture adopting this device.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 21patients with tibial fracture adopted this device to assist fracture reduction during operation from August 2019 to June 2022. The cases included 10 tibial plateau fractures, 6 tibial shaft fractures and 5 distal tibia (pilon )fractures. 3 tibial shaft fracture cases were adopted intramedullary needle internal fixations, the others cases were adopted plate internal fixations.Demographic data, fracture type, perioperative data, and radiological evaluation were collected. Clinical outcomes were graded using Rasmussen function score and American orthopedic foot and ankle society (AOFAS) score.
Results
The cases were followed up from 12 to 33 months.All cases had no complications such as blood vessel and nerve injuries,infection and internal fixation fail. All cases got bony healing. The mean Rasmussen anatomy score before operation of tibial plateau cases was (6.60 ± 3.13), the score immediately after operation was (17.20 ± 1.03), and there was statistical significance difference between two groups(P༜0.05). The mean Rasmussen function score of tibial plateau fracture cases at the last follow-up was(28.20 ± 1.55).The mean length difference between both lower limbs of tibia shaft fracture cases immediately after operation was (2.17 ± 2.04) mm, and the mean varus-valgus angulation of tibia shaft fracture immediately after operation was (1.67 ± 0.82)°, the mean fracture anteroposterior angulation of tibia shaft fracture immediately after operation was (2.00 ± 1.10)°. The Burwell-Charnley radiological assessment immediately after operation of distal tibia cases was as follow, 5 cases got anatomical reduction and 1 got good reduction. The mean AOFAS score of ankle and foot function at the last follow-up was( 93.60 ± 5.73).
Conclusions
The traction reduction device on lower limb fracture is safe effective to application, convenient to use, and has definite reduction effect. It can be applied in supine, lateral and prone positions, and be applied to micro-invasive treatment on complex tibia fracture.
Multi-omics analysis of molecular landscape and heterogeneity in fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Guo Wei , Sun Li , Chen Xiaoxi , Zhou Haitao , Yan Shi , Zhao Gang , Bao Hua , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Lin Lin
Published: March 2023

Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (FLAC) is a rare form of lung adenocarcinoma and was divided into high-grade (H-FLAC) and low-grade (L-FLAC) subtypes. In this study, we first depicted the multi-omics landscapes of this rare lung cancer type by performing multi-regional whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation sequencing and RNA sequencing on 20 FLAC cases. Comparison of multi-omics profiles revealed significant differences between H-FLAC and L-FLAC in the genomic, epigenomic landscape and mutational signature but the transcriptomic landscape. Although phylogenetic analysis showed congruent evolutionary trajectories of the genetic and epigenetic change, the correlative relationships among multi-level intratumor heterogenetic (ITH) were distinct in two subtypes. A lower genetic ITH was related to worse prognosis in FLAC patients whereas higher methylation ITH in H-FLAC tended to relate to a worse survival. Taken together with the negative correlation between genetic and transcriptional ITH of H-FLAC, non-genetic heterogeneity may contribute to the worse prognosis of H-FLAC.
Comparison of the tumor immune microenvironment between glioblastoma and metastatic brain tumors.
Authors: Musca Beatrice , Russo Maria Giovanna , Tushe Ada , Magri Sara , Battaggia Greta , Pinton Laura , Bonaudo Camilla , Puppa Alessandro Della , Mandruzzato Susanna
Published: March 2023

Background: Brain metastases (BrM), which commonly arise in patients with melanoma, breast cancer and lung cancer, are associated with a poor clinical prognosis. In this context, the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role since it either promotes or inhibits tumor progression. Our previous studies have characterized the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM). The aim of this study is to compare the immune profiles of BrM and GBM in order to identify potential differences that may be exploited in their differential treatment.
Methods: Tumor and/or blood samples were taken from 20 BrM patients and 19 GBM patients. Multi-parametric flow cytometry was used to evaluate myeloid and lymphoid cells, as well as the expression of immune checkpoints in the TME and blood. The Mann-Whitney test and t-test were utilized for statistical analysis.
Results: High frequencies of myeloid cells dominate both the BrM and GBM landscapes, but there is a higher presence of tumor-associated macrophages in GBM, while BrM are characterized by a significant presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Exhaustion markers are highly expressed in all T cells from both primary and metastatic brain tumors. The cell cycle analysis of a BrM and a GBM revealed proliferating tumor cells and blood-derived macrophages, but quiescent lymphocytes and resident microglial cells. As previously demonstrated for GBM, macrophages sorted from a lung BrM exhibited a strong immunosuppressive activity. Finally, a significant expansion of some myeloid cell subsets was observed in the blood of both GBM and BrM patients.
Conclusions: Our results define the main characteristics of the immune profile of BrM and GBM, which are distinguished by different levels of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and lymphocytes devoid of effector function. Understanding the role of the different cells in establishing the metastatic setting is critical to improving the therapeutic efficacy of new targeted immunotherapy strategies.
Estimated survival outcomes and absolute chemotherapy treatment benefit using PREDICT Tool® and EndoPredict®, in hormone-positive early-stage breast cancer.
Authors: Martin Marc Pujalte , Gal Jocelyn , Schiappa Renaud , Haudebourg Juliette , Bailleux Caroline , Milano Gérard , Ferrero Jean-Marc
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION: PREDICT is an online tool that estimates the 10-year breast cancer overall survival (10OS) with different adjuvant treatment combination. EndoPredict® is a genetic biomarker to guide decision on adjuvant systemic therapy in hormone-positive early-stage breast cancer. No study had ever correlated the estimated outcomes of PREDICT and EndoPredict® results.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected data of 249 patients with a 12-gene molecular test (EndoPredict®). EndoPredict® risk-score (EPclin) categorized patients in low (EPclin < 3.3) or high-risk (EPclin ≥ 3.3) of recurrence. The benefit of chemotherapy and the overall survival at 10 years (10OS) with endocrine therapy alone or with chemoendocrine therapy was estimated with PREDICT.
RESULTS: From March 2017 to May 2022, 249 EndoPredict® tests (39% low-risk EPClin and 61% high-risk EPClin) were evaluated. In high-risk EPclin population compared with low-risk EPclin, 15% vs 6% (p=0.047) had a previous breast cancer event, 31% vs 14% a total mastectomy (p=0.006), 23% vs 10% do not express the progesterone receptor (p=0.011), 11% vs 5% had a SBR grade III (p=0.004) and 84% vs 63% had a Ki67 higher than 10% (p<0.001). The median estimated 10OS was prolonged by chemoendocrine therapy (85%) compared with endocrine therapy alone (83%) in high-risk EPclin (p=0.02), without difference in low-risk EPclin. The median chemotherapy benefit at 10OS was 2% [0.5-5.9] for low-risk and 2,6% [0.7-7.5] for high-risk EPclin (p = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: EPclin seemed to be a predictive factor of adjuvant chemotherapy at 10OS. Results of prospective trials UNIRAD and RESCUE are pending.
Ensemble Deep Learning Model to Predict Lymphovascular Invasion in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Noh Myung-giun , Lee Jonghyun , Cha Seunghyun , Kim Jiwon , Kim Jung Joo , Kim Namkug , Gal Seong Gyu Jae , Choi Yoo-Duk , Kang Sae-Ryung , Song Ga-Young , Yang Deok-Hwan , Lee Jae-Hyuk , Lee Kyung-Hwa , Ahn Sangjeong , Kim Ju Han , Lee Jeong Hoon , Moon Kyoung Min
Published: March 2023

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is one of the most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer as it indicates a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis and poorer overall outcome for the patient. Despite its importance, the detection of LVI(+) in histopathology specimens of gastric cancer can be a challenging task for pathologists as invasion can be subtle and difficult to discern. Herein, we propose a deep learning-based LVI(+) detection method using H&E‐stained whole‐slide images. The ConViT model showed the best performance in terms of both AUROC and AURPC among the classification models (AUROC: 0.9796; AUPRC: 0.9648). The AUROC and AUPRC of YOLOX computed based on the augmented patch-level confidence score were slightly lower (AUROC: -0.0094; AUPRC: -0.0225) than those of the ConViT classification model. With simple averaging of the patch-level confidence scores, the ensemble model exhibited the best AUROC, AUPRC, and F1 scores of 0.9880, 0.9769, and 0.9280, respectively. The proposed model is expected to contribute to precision medicine by potentially saving examination-related time and labor and reducing disagreements among pathologists.
Correlation Between Temperature Changes and Magnetostrictions in Magnetorheological Foam
Authors: Senin Nurul Nadia , Nordin Nur Azmah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Yusof Shahir Yasin Mohd , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
Published: March 2023

Magnetorheological (MR) foam has been identified as a potential magnetostrictive material due to high flexibility and rapid responsiveness towards applied magnetic fields. However, to date, the effect of MR foam at different temperatures has not yet been discovered. Since most devices have tendency to experience raise in temperature during operating system, this might affect characteristics and magnetostriction performance of magnetostrictive material. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of temperatures between 25 to 50oC on magnetostriction of MR foam, at magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 0.7T. Two samples were prepared which were PU foam and MR foam. During off-state (0T), both samples has reduced in dimension, by about 0.03–0.04% at increasing temperatures from 25 to 35oC. Then, both samples experienced expansion in dimensions at temperatures between 35 to 50oC, by 0.06% and 0.04% for PU and MR foams, respectively. Meanwhile, at on-state (0.1 to 0.7T), similar trends were observed in which the transition from decreased to increase in magnetostrictions occurred at 35oC. The phenomenon is due to the soft-segment and hard-segment in the polymer matrix that have been affected, within the temperature ranges of 25-35oC and 35-50oC respectively, which caused the negative and positive magnetostrictions of both samples.
Investigation of Bismuth Nano-Bioactive Glass Doped Iron Oxide Formation and Structure Properties on Biocompatibility
Authors: Kenawy Mahmoud A. , Ghazala M. A. Abu , Shinawy Ayman S. El , Tiama Taha M. , El-Bahnasawy H. H.
Published: March 2023

A novel nano-sized bismuth oxide bioglass doped iron oxide were synthesized through a sol-gel technique showed in graphical abstract. Bioactivity was investigated by in-vitro synthesis involving immersion of the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time intervals. XRD, FTIR, Fe57 Mössbauer spectroscopy, SEM, EDX and DLS were used to characterization of prepared bioglass. Results showed that Fe ions migrated into the glass matrix much faster than Si ions moved into the samples with iron content, especially with higher iron content. The experiment of co-culturing cells with BG showed that osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells could attach well to the surface of BG, especially which contain iron content. Prepared material has the potential may be suitable for serving as a material to improve osteogenesis or thermoseeds targeted drug delivery of Fe-bioglass implants.
One size does not fit all: an application of stochastic modeling to estimating primary healthcare needs in Ethiopia at the sub-national level
Authors: Hagedorn Brittany , Han Rui , McCarthy Kevin
Published: March 2023

Background: Primary healthcare systems require adequate staffing to meet the needs of their local population. Guidelines typically use population ratio targets for healthcare workers, such as Ethiopia’s goal of two health extension workers for every five thousand people. However, fixed ratios do not reflect local demographics, fertility rates, disease burden (e.g., malaria endemicity), or trends in these values. Recognizing this, we set out to estimate the clinical workload to meet the primary healthcare needs in Ethiopia by region.
Methods: We utilize the open-source modeling package PACE-HRH for our analysis. This is a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation model, which samples annually from distributions for fertility, mortality, disease burden, and the trends in these rates. Inputs were drawn from literature, DHS, and UN population estimates. We model seven regions and two charted cities of Ethiopia, based on data availability and the anticipated reliability of historical trends into the future.
Results: All regions and charted cities are expected to experience increased workload between 2021 and 2035 for a starting catchment of five thousand people. The expected (mean) clinical workload varied from 2,930 hours (Addis) to 3,752 (Gambela) and increased by 19-28% over fifteen years. This results from a decline in per capita workload (due to declines in fertility and infectious diseases), overpowered by total population growth. Pregnancy, non-communicable diseases, sick child care, and nutrition remain the largest service categories, but their priority shifts substantially in some regions by 2035. Sensitivity analysis shows that fertility assumptions have major implications for workload. We incorporate seasonality and estimate monthly variation of up to 8.9% (Somali), though most services with high variability are declining.
Conclusions: Regional variation in demographics, fertility, seasonality, and disease trends all affect the workload estimates. This results in differences in expected clinical workload, the level of uncertainty in those estimates, and relative priorities between service categories. By showing these differences, we demonstrate the inadequacy of a fixed population ratio for staffing allocation. Policy-makers and regulators need to consider these factors in designing their healthcare systems, or they risk sub-optimally allocating workforce and creating inequitable access to care.
Tribological and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline TiAlN and TiSiN PVD coatings
Authors: Duan LIli , Li Renwei , Yang Gongyong , Hao Decheng , Xing Jian , Liu Kexin
Published: March 2023

TiN, TiAlN and TiSiN coatings were deposited on the W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel substrate by hollow cathodic-assisted multi-arc ion plating technology. The tribological properties of these coatings are comparatively studied. The microstructure, element composition, nanomechanics and wear properties of the substrate and coating surface of high-speed steel were evaluated by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, XPS and nano-indentation test. The results show that the mechanical properties of ternary coating TiAlN and TiSiN are improved compared with high-speed steel and binary TiN coatings, with TiAlN hardness and elastic modulus of 44.8 GPa and 438.6 GPa, and TiSiN hardness and elastic modulus of 34.8 GPa and 333.2 GPa. TiAlN coating has the strongest ability to resist plastic deformation due to solid solution strengthening. TiSiN can improve the plasticity and toughness of hard coating after fine grain strengthening. There is a strong correlation between the amount of sample wear and H3/E*2 value, and the larger the H3/E*2 value, the higher the wear resistance of the sample. The surface friction coefficients of TiN, TiAlN and TiSiN were all small compared with high-speed steel, and the roughness at the wear tracks of high-speed steel increased, while the roughness at the wear tracks of the coating samples decreased.
Efficiency, quality, and management practices in multidisciplinary and traditional diabetes healthcare services in Mexico
Authors: Chivardi Carlos , Sosa Alejandro Zamudio , Galárraga Omar , Sosa-Rubí Sandra G.
Published: March 2023

This study determined the efficiency of two different models of diabetes care (traditional units and multidisciplinary units), estimated quality levels, and identified management practices associated with better quality and efficiency of both models in Mexico. A random sample consisting of 40 units (20 for each type of unit), allowed us to estimate technical efficiency using data envelopment analysis (DEA) after we calculated quality scores (performance and competence). We mapped the relationship between efficiency and quality score, and using a positive deviance approach, we studied managerial determinants of best performance in terms of both efficiency and quality. We found that efficiency in multidisciplinary units was higher than in traditional units; traditional units scored very low in terms of efficiency. Likewise, in terms of the different quality metrics, the multidisciplinary units were much better evaluated than the traditional units. We found important differences in the quality scores for the different health care models. Two-thirds of the multidisciplinary units were in the best-performing group (above-median efficiency and above-median performance), and almost half of them were mapped to the high-competence quadrant. On the other hand, only 10% of the traditional units managed to position themselves in the best performance quadrant. Managerial characteristics were positively correlated with the probability of belonging to the group with the highest performance. Our findings indicate that multidisciplinary medical care can lead to better outcomes for patients with diabetes compared to traditional medical care. In both types of units, however, there is substantial opportunity to improve efficiency and quality levels.
Investigation of interaction effects of biochars and silicon on growth and chemical composition of Zea mays L. in a Ni-polluted calcareous soil
Authors: Boostani Hamid Reza , Hardie Ailsa G. , Najafi-Ghiri Mahdi , Bijanzadeh Ehsan
Published: March 2023

Studies on the interaction effects of silicon (Si) and biochars in potentially toxic element (PTE)-contaminated soils are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of biochars, from sheep manure (SMB) and rice husk (RHB) produced at 300 and 500 °C, and 2 levels of Si (as Na metasilicate), on growth and chemical composition of corn (Zea mays) in a Ni-polluted calcareous soil. It was found that the combined application of Si and biochars significantly reduced soil available Ni (17-32%) and the corn shoot Ni concentrations (29-58%), associated with soil pH increase (r=0.56-0.60, P<0.01). Among the biochars, SMB increased soil pH the most, and increased soil EC to saline levels, attributed to the higher ash content of SMB. Similarly, increasing Si application levels resulted in increasing soil pH and EC values. Application of all the biochars resulted in significant biomass increases with most positive effect from RHB. Despite the positive effect seen on soil Ni immobilization, the combined application of Si and biochars generally resulted in a decrease in corn shoot biomass yields compared to biochars alone, attributed to the significantly higher soil pH, EC and Na content which resulted in suppression of macro and micronutrient uptake by the corn.
Research on static characteristics of oil pad tiltable hydrostatic thrust bearing under eccentric load
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Li Ruichao , Sun Kaixuan , Zhao Feihu , Liu Haixin , Wang Yihan , Guan Libo , Wang Junfeng , Jia Wentao , Jiao Jianhua , Jiang Hui , Dai Ruichun
Published: March 2023

In most parts processing, the offset load of the worktable will be caused by many factors, such as the asymmetry of the workpiece shape and the offset of the clamping position. In this paper, the oil-cushion tilting double rectangular cavity hydrostatic thrust bearing is taken as the research object, and its static characteristics under abnormal load conditions are studied. The effects of rotation speed, offset distance and load on its static features are analyzed. The results show that the influence on the oil film pressure field under the eccentric load conditions is in descending order of load, speed, and offset distance. The effect of load and speed on the oil film pressure is positively related to the offset distance. The appropriate size of the offset distance has a specific gain on the bearing capacity improvement. The influence on the oil film temperature field under the abnormal load condition is in descending order of the rotation speed, the load and the offset distance. After the offset distance increases, the effect of load on the oil film temperature slightly increases, and the oil film temperature rise is within the safe operating range of the lubricating oil.
The Effectiveness of Greywater Treatment Using Coconut Husks and Sugarcane Bagasse With Limestone as Filter Media for Non-potable Uses
Authors: IMRAN SITI NURULHUDA MOHD , AZNAM FAIZUL AKMAL
Published: March 2023

The vertical flow filtration method has been used for this research based on four distinct circumstances of filtration through coconut husks, filtration through raw sugarcane bagasse, filtration through combination of coconut husks with limestone and filtration through sugarcane bagasse combined with limestone. Coconut husks is one of the biodegradable materials that high in water absorption. For sugarcane bagasse, it is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic agro-industrial residues remaining after the crushing and extraction of juice from sugarcane stalks. Both of materials can be used as filtration at home for domestic purpose. Before the filtration are carried out, coconut husks and sugarcane bagasse have been washed with distilled water to make sure the materials were completely free of any other substances. They will be dried in the oven for 24 hours at 100°C to ensure that the materials were completely dry and that the filtered water did not cause foreign smell or taste. Coconut husks and sugarcane bagasse have been compacted to a height of up to 3cm along particles of these materials were sufficiently dense to ensure filtering process efficiency. The test on the physical properties and heavy metals of greywater before and after filtration process have been carried out. The tests have been measured parameter of physical properties of pH, turbidity and colour as well as heavy metals namely Copper, Zinc and Iron defined as being among essential heavy metals usually found in greywater. The results of these tests are recorded and compared with standard to know the effectiveness of coconut husks and sugarcane bagasse for treatment of greywater.
Spontaneous generation of exogenous hydrogen peroxide by plants
Authors: Samadi Saman , Sharifyazd Shabnam , Cabling Ludwig , Dekker Isaac , Hawkins Barbara , Dubrawski Kristian
Published: March 2023

Plants play important roles in maintaining air quality and biogeochemical cycles, although many mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recently, spontaneous production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been reported from the condensation of water vapor as microdroplets. Here, we report detection of H2O2 in proximity to plants undergoing photosynthesis in a closed environment, confirmed using commercial peroxide test strips and spectrophotometric titration. Our results have potential major implications for the role of plant-mediated atmospheric cleansing, climate change, and urban and indoor air quality.
MKGPC: Multimodal Knowledge Graph Propagation for Recommendation Systems
Authors: Cooper Tahlia , Reid Charlotte , Kent Darcy , Harper Liam , Patel Kiana
Published: March 2023

With the exponential increase of information available on the Internet, the problem of information overload has become more and more urgent. Recommendation systems have been proposed to solve this problem by recommending a small subset of information from a large pool of data for users to quickly digest. Collaborative filtering has been the main direction of recommendation algorithm research, but it faces challenges such as the cold start problem and sparse interaction data. To address these challenges, researchers have introduced auxiliary information such as point-of-interest, comment, social networks, and contextual information. Knowledge graphs have been introduced as auxiliary information to improve the performance of recommendation systems. Knowledge graphs can fuse multiple data sources, expand the semantic information of data, and infer more potential information of data. However, current knowledge graph-based recommendation systems tend to ignore multimodal information. In this paper, we propose a new model, termed as MKGPC, that utilizes the propagation of information on the multimodal knowledge graph and considers multimodal information fusion. We compare the proposed model with state-of-the-art models. The proposed model shows promising results on two real-world datasets.
Gut Microbiota Composition in the First and Third Trimester of Pregnancy among Malay Women is Associated with Body Mass Index: A Pilot Study
Authors:   Maternofetal and Embryo (MatE) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Abdullah Bahiyah ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Idorus Mohd Yusri ,   Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Daud Suzanna ,   Maternofetal and Embryo (MatE) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Aazmi Shafiq ,   School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia,   Microbiome Health and Environment (MiHeaRT), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Pillai Thanikasalam Kathiresan ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Zain Zaini ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

Background: This study has analysed the pattern of gut microbiota during the first and third trimesters among pregnant Malay women. Methods: This was a pilot prospective observational study involving 12 pregnant Malay women without any endocrine disorders and on neither antibiotics nor probiotics. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were obtained, and the faecal 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) metagenome microbiota of the first and third trimesters (T1 and T3) were analysed. Univariate and multivariate statistics, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and Kendall rank correlation testing were used to identify key genera and associations with pregnancy trimester and body mass index (BMI). Results: The most abundant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, with significant differences in composition at the genus level demonstrated between T1 and T3. Sequencing showed a statistically significant difference in beta diversity between normal and abnormal BMI at all taxonomic ranks (R2 = 0.60; Q2 = 0.23) and genus levels (R2 = 0.57; Q2 = 0.37). The relative abundances of Akkermansia (P < 0.05; false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05), Olsenella (P < 0.05; FDR < 0.05) and Oscillospira (P < 0.05; FDR < 0.05) were found to be significantly higher in normal BMI cases by 2.4, 3.4 and 3.1 times, respectively. Conclusion: Three genera (Akkermansia, Olsenella and Oscillospira) were correlated with normal BMI during pregnancy. All three could be promising biotherapeutic targets in body weight regulation during pregnancy, subsequently reducing complications associated with higher BMI.
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Self Care in Malaysia: An Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities Studies
Authors:   Department of Family Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Teng Cheong Lieng , Lee Verna Kar Mun ,   Department of Family Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Malanashita Ganeson ,   Department of Family Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Sulaiman Lokman Hakim ,   Department of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Bujang Mohamad Adam ,   Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

Background: Many published studies in Malaysia have examined and assessed self care among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) scale. The current paper is a meta-analysis of related studies that also examines how gender and ethnicity influence and shape T2DM self care practices in Malaysia. Methods: We undertook a bibliographic search for studies conducted and published in Malaysia on T2DM adults using the SDSCA scale. This is a two-stage individual participant metaanalysis of SDSCA which synthesised the overall and subscale score based on gender and ethnic groups as well as the correlation between SDSCA and HbA1c. Results: We examined 11 studies that utilised SDSCA to analyse 3,720 T2DM patients. The overall SDSCA score was 33.46 (47.8% of the 7-day week). The subscale score for general diet, specific diet, exercise, blood glucose self-monitoring and foot care were 4.80, 4.09, 2.87, 1.80 and 3.21, respectively. A small but statistically significant better self care in some gender or ethnic groups was noted. The SDSCA diet subscale and HbA1c showed statistically significant correlation. Conclusion: The finding suggested Malaysian T2DM patients were deficient in exercise and blood glucose self-monitoring. In fact, overall self care among Malaysian adult T2DM patients appears to be suboptimal across gender and the three main ethnic groups. Greater efforts are therefore needed to educate Malaysian adult T2DM patients to improve their self care practices.
Determinants of Successful Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Outcomes: A Linkage of National Data Sources in Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Wan Mohamad Darani Wan Nur Syamimi ,   HIV Unit, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territories Health Department (JKWPKLP), Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chen Xin Wee ,   Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia,   Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Samsudin Ely Zarina ,   Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Nor Fadzilah ,   Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia,   Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia, Ismail Ismawati ,   HIV Unit, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territories Health Department (JKWPKLP), Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: March 2023

Background: Concerted efforts have been undertaken to reduce the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by the year 2030 in Malaysia. A situational analysis of the performance of successful HIV treatment and its determinants is vital; however, this information remains scarce. This study aimed to identify the determinants of undetectable viral load among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods: Newly diagnosed HIV cases (n = 493) registered under the Malaysia HIV/AIDS-related national databases from June 2018 to December 2019 were studied. The deterministic matching method was applied to link the records in two national databases (at Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya Federal Territories Health Department, JKWPKLP HIV line-listing database and National AIDS Registry). Successful HIV treatment, an outcome variable, was measured by the undetectable viral load < 200 copies/mL after 1 year of antiretroviral therapy initiation. Logistic regression analysis was applied in the current study. Results: Results showed that 454/493 (92.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8%, 94.6%) PLHIV had successful HIV treatment. Study participants had a mean (SD) age of 30 (8.10) years old, predominantly male (96.1%) and sexually transmission (99.9%). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant determinants including the timing of ART initiation (AOR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.32, 11.70; P = 0.014) and establishment of Sexually Transmitted Infection Friendly Clinic (STIFC) (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.85; P = 0.004). Non-significant variables included gender, education level, HIV risk exposure, and co-infections of tuberculosis and Hepatitis C. Conclusion: JKWPKLP is on the right track to achieving universal treatment as a prevention strategy. Reinforcement of early ART initiation and establishment of STIFC are recommended.
Eating Disorders among Adolescent Female Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Almutairi Reem , Ariffin Ahmad Azuhairi ,   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Mahmud Aidalina ,   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, S Dablool Anas ,   Department of Public Health, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2023

Background: Eating disorders (EDs) are characterised by an abnormal attitude towards food that causes someone to change their eating habits and behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EDs and their associated factors among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, among a representative random sample of female adolescent students aged 13 years old– 18 years old. A simple random sampling method was used to select the participants. An online selfadministered questionnaire, the Arabic version of eating attitude test (EAT-26) and socio-cultural attitudes toward appearance questionnaire (SATAQ-4), was used. Results: More than half (53.6%) of adolescent girls scored at or above the cut-off point of EAT-26. Around 45% of the participants had experienced family influence on their appearance and body shape, 36.7% had experienced peer influence on these factors, and 49.4% had experienced media influence. Family influence was significantly associated with EDs (P = 0.013). Conclusion: The high prevalence of EDs among female going-school adolescents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is of great concern. To mitigate this problem, effective programmes must be designed to change their dietary habits while considering the effects of family, peer and media influence, as well as focusing on the importance of eating breakfast and practising physical activity.
Physiology of Abomasal Displacements
Authors: Whitlock R. H.
Published: March 2023

It seems unlikely to cite pregnancy and parturition as direct causes of displacements as displacements have occurred in adult dairy bulls, cows in the middle of lactation, and in heifers (13). Certainly the gravid uterus and parturition must be considered as predisposing factors as nearly 80% of abomasal displacements occur in the first month postpartum (14).
Treatment of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea
Authors: Butler D. G.
Published: March 2023

When it comes to talking about therapy of calf diarrhea, as clinicians, we are faced with a diagnostic dilemma. Generally, we don't know the exact cause of the diarrheal illness in terms of the type of bacterial or viral agent(s) involved. We don't know if bacteremia or septicemia is present or is imminent as far as the young neonate is concerned and thus we don't know whether to include antibiotic therapy within our overall treatment regime. We don't know the pre-diarrheal body weight of the patient by which we could easily ascertain the fluid requirements and therefore we must resort to some other method of assessing body water loss. Likewise, we don't know the pre-diarrheal hematocrit value or total serum protein concentration of the animal and therefore can't rely on simple laboratory aids in order to calculate body water loss. We often don't know the immunoglobulin status of the animal so as to ascertain the need for plasma, serum or whole blood.
Clinical Examination of Cattle. Part 1
Authors: Radostits O. M.
Published: March 2023

This paper outlines a systematic method of clinical examination which will yield the most useful information necessary to make an etiologically specific diagnosis. The challenge is to examine a sick cow and detect and interpret the clinically significant abnormalities and to make a diagnosis. Some details are provided on the examination of some selected body systems.
Butorphanol Tartarate Analgesia in a Bovine Animal
Authors: Powers Jeffrey F.
Published: March 2023

I have found butorphanol to provide effective analgesia for abdominal exploratories, cecal torsions , DAs, ceasarean sections, teat lacerations, patellar surgery, putting casts on calves, and surgical implant of embryos.
Bovine Anaplasmosis
Authors: Richey E. J.
Published: March 2023

Anaplasmosis is an infectious, noncontagious, transmissible disease of cattle caused by the intra-erythrocyte parasite Anaplasma marginale. In the United States, anaplasmosis is enzootic in the southern Atlantic states, the Gulf Coast states, the lower plains and western states but is reported as sporadic in the northern states.
Evaluation of the Impact of Ivermectin Treatment on the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Replacement Beef Heifers
Authors: Ryan W. , Brown J. , Corah L. , Doombos D. , Loyacano A. , Spire M.
Published: March 2023

A series of studies was undertaken to determine if parasite control obtained with strategic use of ivermectin would result in animals attaining CMW at an earlier age, leading to a higher rate of conception at first mating and allowing a short breeding season.
Forage-Associated Mycotoxicosis
Authors: Casteel Stan W. , Braun William F. , Wicklow Donald T. , Wallace Laurie Mills , Johnson Gayle C.
Published: March 2023

Mycotoxin contamination of hay and other forages has been shown to have adverse effects on livestock. Known forage-associated mycotoxins include stachybotryotoxin, slaframine, the ergot alkaloids, tremorgens, and sporidesmin(1). Many allegations of livestock illness and death following consumption of moldy hay are associated with clinical syndromes uncharacteristic of known forage-related diseases, suggesting that unidentified toxin(s) may be responsible. Little information is available in the literature to verify involvement of toxigenic fungi, the toxic principle(s) or the basic biological effects on cattle.
Dairy Practitioner and the American Veterinary Medical Association/ National Milk Producers Federation Quality Assurance Program for Milk and Dairy Beef
Authors: Hentschl Arnold F.
Published: March 2023

The Milk and Dairy Beef Quality Assurance Protocol (MDBQAP)1 began as a collaborative effort on the part of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) to overcome unfavorable publicity, which was scientifically unsubstantiated, regarding pharmaceutical residues in milk which had been sold in certain areas of the United States. In addition there existed concern over the incidence of pharmaceutical residues occurring in cull dairy cows as reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service. Since both veterinarians and producers were implicated in these issues, it was loitcal that the two organizations cooperate and respond in a proactive manner.