bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Role of Self-Enhancement Value on the Relationship of Power Distance and Individualism with Pro-Environmental Attitudes: Evidence from Multilevel Mediation Analysis with 52 Societies
Authors: Lou Xiaobin , Li Liman Man Wai
Published: May 2022

National culture shapes people’s pro-environmental tendencies, yet its underlying psychological mechanisms are less clear. This study examined the mediating role of self-enhancement value on the relationship between culture and pro-environmental attitude. Using data from the World Values Survey (Wave 6; 78,542 participants from 52 countries/regions), we conducted multilevel mediation analyses. At the country level, we found that self-enhancement value fully mediated the relationships of power distance and individualism-collectivism with pro-environmental attitude, measured by evaluating the importance of looking after the environment. However, when this attitude was measured by weighting the priority of environmental protection versus economic development, the mediation effect became non-significant, while both power distance and individualism predicted the prioritization of economic development. These findings were robust despite whether two cultural dimensions were separately or simultaneously analyzed and whether societal macroeconomic conditions were controlled. In the mediation models, power distance positively predicted self-enhancement value; unexpectedly, individualism negatively predicted self-enhancement value and self-enhancement value positively predicted the importance of looking after the environment. Overall, this study highlights that both self-enhancement value and pro-environmental attitude are culturally embedded and call for further studies on clarifying mechanisms underlying the link for cultural effects on individuals’ pro-environmental attitude.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Predict the Probability of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Zhou Haijian , Zhong Guanglei , Fu Zhaojie , Peng Yu , Yao Tingting
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify predictive factors and develop a nomogram to predict the probability of venous thromboembolism for epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Methods: Our study cohort was composed of 208 EOC patients who had received initial treatment in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from January 2016 to March 2020. Clinicopathological variables predictive of VTE were identified using univariate logistic analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to select the predictive factors used for nomogram. The accuracy of nomogram was evaluated by the Concordance index (C-index), the area under the receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve, area under concentration-time curve (AUC) and the calibration curve. Results: Advancing age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.042; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000-1.085; P = .048), higher D-dimer level (HR, 1.144; 95%CI, 1.020-1.283; P = .022), lower PR immunohistochemical positive rate (HR, 0.186; 95%CI, 0.034-1.065; P = .059) and higher Ki67 immunohistochemical positive rate (HR, 4.502; 95%CI, 1.637-12.380; P = .004) were found to be independent risk factors for VTE, and were used to construct the nomogram. The C-index for VTE prediction of the nomogram was 0.75. Conclusions: We constructed and validated a nomogram able to quantify the risk of VTE for EOC patients, which can be applied in recognizing EOC patients with high risk of VTE.
Structural optimization and experiment of a semi-active hourglass-type electromagnetic isolator with negative resistance shunt circuit
Authors: Ji Linwei , Luo Yajun , Zhang Yahong , Xie Shilin , Xu Minglong
Published: May 2022

The present work proposed a semi-active electromagnetic isolator with negative resistance shunt circuit to improve isolation performance on micro-vibration. By an innovative combination of an hourglass-type displacement amplifier and electromagnetic mechanism with negative resistance shunt circuit, the proposed isolator can not only solve the difficulty for electromagnetic isolators to isolation micro-amplitude vibration but also achieve a significant electromechanical coupling effect to obtain excellent vibration isolation performance by a self-sensing method. First, the design of the isolator and motion relationship are presented. Then, the electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the isolator is established. Moreover, the angle of the hourglass-type displacement amplifier is optimized, and the influence of the negative resistance on the additional damping ratio and system stability is explored. Finally, the isolator was manufactured and several experiments were carried on. The experiment results demonstrated that the isolator has an excellent isolation performance. And meanwhile, the comparison between experiment and simulation also indicated the correctness of the model.
Gyroscopic effect on a scaled rotor-bearing system
Authors: Dewi Dyah Kusuma , Abidin Zainal , Budiwantoro Bagus , Malta Jhon
Published: May 2022

This paper deals with scale-fullscale models of rotor-bearing systems on rotating condition. The investigation is focused on the gyroscopic effect, which causes forward and backward whirl frequencies. When the rotor-bearing system is scaled proportionally in its dimension (height, length, and width), the scaling factor of whirl frequencies can be derived. It depends on the ratio between a transverse and polar moment of inertia on its rotating axis called the gyroscopic factor. The experimental study is conducted to validate it on three scaled rotor-bearing systems, which shifts its disc from the middle of the shaft on the scale of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 to clearly show the gyroscopic effect on first bending natural frequency. The scaling factor is then validated using the Campbell diagram by finding its critical speed. From this critical speed, the whirl frequencies along the range of the full-scale model speed can be obtained. The result also shows that the scaling factor remains the same whether it is at rotation or rest condition. Consideration must be made on the effect of the structural design, that is, blade and support, because of its unsymmetric stiffness that can cause backward whirl frequencies. The bearing stiffness must be ensured to be scaled proportionally, especially on journal bearing cases. This finding can be used by engineers to deal with scaling method implementation on rotating machinery design.
Kaimal spectrum based H2 optimization of tuned mass dampers for wind turbines
Authors: Patro Somya Ranjan , Banerjee Arnab , Adhikari Sondipon , Ramana G. V.
Published: May 2022

The closed-form analytical expression of the objective function of a single degree of freedom system with the tuned mass damper, subjected to Gaussian white noise and Kaimal forcing spectrum, is derived implementing the H2 optimization technique. To illustrate the procedure, a wind turbine tower with and without the tuned mass damper, subjected to wind load, has been presented. The Kaimal spectrum has been considered to model the effects of wind load. Usually, the parameters of the tuned mass damper is optimized by implementing the H2 optimization technique on Gaussian white noise even though the system is subject to any other forcing spectrum. Obtaining an analytical closed-form expression of the objective function for a tuned mass damper system considering a real spectrum is very challenging as a real spectrum may contain fractional order of the frequency. Therefore, either objective function can be obtained numerically or an analytical form can be obtained but only for Gaussian white noise as an input forcing spectrum. To address the above-mentioned issue, in this paper, the concept of near identity spectrum is introduced to idealize the Kaimal spectrum with high accuracy from which a closed-form expression of the objective function can be established. Further, histogram plots of the response reduction have been made to show a comparison between the tuned mass damper system optimized with Gaussian white noise and the Kaimal spectrum. The results showed that the displacement response of the tuned mass damper system subjected to the Kaimal spectrum yields better performance if it is optimized according to the Kaimal spectrum rather than Gaussian white noise and vice versa.
Feasibility study of single-mass flywheels with centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers in vehicles with dual-clutch transmissions
Authors: Zhou Yi , Shi Xiaohui , Rao Wenyi , Guo Dong , Mei Ziyuan
Published: May 2022

Dual-clutch transmissions (DCTs) are very sensitive to torsional vibration and easily produce rattle noise if a single-mass flywheel (SMF) with a conventional torsional damper or a dual-mass flywheel (DMFW) is used in the vehicle. Only a DMFW combined with a centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) can eliminate rattle problem; however, this solution is expensive. Alternatively, a SMF with a CPVA is proposed to eliminate the DCT rattle issue, which could be a feasible and cost-effective solution free of side effects introduced by DMFWs. The vibration absorption principle of different types of pendulums and the rotor dynamic model are investigated to study the feasibility of a SMF with CPVA in a DCT vehicle. A seven-degree-of-freedom nonlinear lumped torsional vibration model is proposed to evaluate the torsional vibration attenuation performance of different configurations of torsional dampers and CPVAs. As per the model calculation results, the bifilar pendulum features the best attenuation performance compared with the circular and cycloid pendulums. The effect of pendulum parameters on attenuation is studied, and the optimized values are obtained. The SMF and optimized bifilar CPVA combination can satisfy the no-rattle requirements in vehicle relative to the DCT in-vehicle no-rattle threshold. A vehicle assessment on roads using physical pendulum prototypes indicates that the SMF with CPVA can be used as an alternative, cost-effective solution for DCTs, instead of the expensive DMFW with CPVA solution.
A disturbance-compensation-based sliding mode control scheme on mode switching condition for hybrid electric vehicles considering nonlinear backlash and stiffness
Authors: Zhou Ziwei , Guo Rong , Liu Xiaoyue
Published: May 2022

In this study, a coordinated control problem of power sources and actuators of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle on mode switching condition is addressed. There exist numerous nonlinear factors in the hybrid driveline system which induce system disturbance and will deteriorate the control performance on mode switching condition. However, coupled system nonlinearity is not taken into consideration for controller design on mode switching condition, which can lead to severe driveline oscillation and thus vehicle longitudinal jerk. For this reason, a disturbance observer and compensation method is introduced to resolve the control problem on mode switching condition. First, an analytic model of driveline torsional vibration considering disturbance brought by system nonlinearity is established and simplified for controller design. Based on the simplified model, a disturbance observer-sliding mode control strategy is proposed to suppress mode switching vibration. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate control performance of the DOB-SMC strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that DOB-SMC strategy has better ability to cancel the unwanted effects of disturbance brought by system nonlinearity compared with sliding mode control method, which can be regarded as an effective approach to attenuate vehicle longitudinal jerk and thus improve ride comfort on mode switching condition.
Predictors of Maternal Recidivism in the Child Protection System
Authors: Ahn Eunhye , Prindle John , Reddy Julia , Putnam-Hornstein Emily
Published: May 2022

Child maltreatment recidivism is typically measured and studied at the individual level. Conditions that give rise to child abuse and neglect, however, typically affect multiple children in a given family. In the current study, we estimated maltreatment recidivism at the maternal level and examined its risk as a function of maternal sociodemographic characteristics that may change over time. Using linked administrative records, we identified a subset of first-time mothers in California whose first child was reported to the child protection system (CPS) between birth and age 5 and who then gave birth to another child ( n = 14,715). Following the firstborn child's CPS reporting, nearly half of these mothers (43.3%) were re-reported concerning the non-firstborn children during the first 5 years of the child's life. Risk factors consistently documented across births were associated with a heightened risk of maternal CPS recidivism. Our study advances an understanding of the full extent of maltreatment recidivism by broadening the focus from individual children.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences in Vulnerable Families: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial of SafeCare®
Authors: Silovsky Jane , Bard David , Owora Arthur H. , Milojevich Helen , Jorgensen Ashley , Hecht Debra
Published: May 2022

Early adversity predicts increased risk for mental and physical health problems. As such, intervention efforts, such as home-based parenting programs, have been initiated with vulnerable families to reduce adversity exposure and promote child well-being. The present randomized clinical trial had a parallel design and 1:1 allocation ratio of SafeCare augmented for an urban high-risk population (SC+) compared to standard home-based mental health services (SAU) to examine risk and protective factors proximal to child maltreatment. Parents (N=562) of young children (5 years or less) at risk of depression, intimate partner violence, or substance abuse were randomized to SC+ or SAU. A significant program effect was found in favor of SC+ for parental depression and social support, as well as within-group improvements for both groups in depression, intimate partner victimization, family resources, and social support. Promising next steps include future trials examining how improvements in parental depression and social support impact child well-being over time and further augmentation of SafeCare to enhance healthy relationships and address cultural congruency of services.
What Constitutes Disinformation? Disinformation Judgment, Influence of Partisanship, and Support for Anti-Disinformation Legislation
Authors: Lee Francis L. F.
Published: May 2022

This study examines people’s judgment of what constitutes disinformation, how partisanship shapes such judgment, and how broadness of disinformation judgment relates to perceptions of the disinformation problem and support for anti-disinformation legislation. Analysis of a Hong Kong survey shows that many citizens are willing to treat a wide range of problematic news materials as disinformation. Partisans tend to treat counter-attitudinal materials as disinformation, but the influence of partisanship can be reduced by the norm of evenhandedness. Besides, broadness of disinformation judgment—especially anti-government disinformation judgment—relates positively with the perceived severity and impact of disinformation and support for legislation.
A Matter of Perspective: An Experimental Study on Potentials of Constructive Journalism for Communicating a Crisis
Authors: Schäfer Svenja , Greber Hannah , Sülflow Michael , Lecheler Sophie
Published: May 2022

Restorative narratives describe a new form of journalism that attempts to overcome the detrimental effects of the more prevalent negative and destructive tone of news coverage. This study investigates the potentials and risks of restorative narratives in the coverage of crises with a 2 (restorative/negative) × 2 (COVID-19/climate crisis) experimental online study ( n = 829) for emotional, cognitive, evaluative, and behavioral outcomes. For both crises, results demonstrate that restorative narratives evoked more positive emotional reactions to the news, were more likely to be endorsed, and improved quality ratings of the news article compared with negative narratives. We found no effects for elaboration and information-seeking.
“Publish?” “Perish . . . Oh No” An Ethological Interrogation of Sense-Making and Resistance in Word Association as Inquiry
Authors: Etheridge Mollie
Published: May 2022

This article deliberates the contribution of a methodological “mattering” tool, word association as inquiry. Word association generally involves responding to a word prompt, or series of prompts, with the first word or idea that one can think of. It might be assumed that word association activities yield eclectic and unpredictable reactions. During interviews with 16 U.K.-based academics, however, the idiom “publish or perish” was repeated by eight individuals. This article considers such repetition in view of new materialist and Deleuzian ideas, speculating the influence of prepersonal and affective practice processes on participant responses. By putting three nonrepresentational concepts to work—becoming, sense, and affect—it is argued that word association tasks and the “sense-event” they incur both highlight and interrogate taken-for-granted truths and ways of being. Consequently, this methodological intervention could generate new relations and material effects that render resistance “becoming not impossible”.
Evaluating the Impact of Policy and Programming on Female-Victim Intimate Partner Homicide at the County Level in Florida
Authors: Montanez Julio , Donley Amy , Reckdenwald Amy
Published: May 2022

Legal and social service interventions aim to mitigate intimate partner violence (IPV) and keep IPV from becoming lethal. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of policies and programs on female-victim intimate partner homicide (FVIPH) rates across the 67 counties of the state of Florida. It focuses on community coordinated response efforts, batterer intervention programs, local domestic violence (DV) ordinances, DV fatality review teams, and DV shelter programs. Results indicate that community coordinated response efforts are associated with decreasing FVIPH rates. Discussions of findings, limitations, and implications are provided accordingly.
The Fiscal Impact of County-to-Urban District Conversion in China
Authors: Li Huiping , Guo Hai (David) , Zhang Pengju
Published: May 2022

Municipal annexation has been one of the most widely adopted instruments for urban growth in the United States. Scholars of public choice and regional studies have long debated the fiscal effect of local government annexation. Few studies, however, examine the fiscal effect of municipal administrative annexations in China, where prefectural cities have extensively annexed county-level governments through forcefully converting rural counties into urban districts in a top-down manner. Employing a difference-in-differences (DID) method coupled with an event study approach, we analyzed a panel data set of 282 prefectural cities from 2007 to 2015 to examine the fiscal impact of annexation in China. The findings show that prefectural cities have significantly increased their land conveyance fees through administrative annexation. Given that land conveyance fees serve as one of the most important own-source revenues at the local level, our findings shed light on the crucial link among the urbanization process, government reorganization, and local land finance in China and, potentially, in other transition countries.
Innovations to Photovoice: Using Smartphones & Social Media
Authors: Foster Kirk A. , Davis Brittany , Foell Andrew
Published: May 2022

Photovoice, a participatory action research method, has evolved little over the past two decades. The ubiquity of smartphones and their utility as digital cameras make them a natural fit for photovoice projects. The use of social media to post photographs and comment also has the potential to be a platform for photovoice activities. Using these technologies for photovoice promotes capturing daily life in vivo without the need of additional equipment. These technologies also allow the research team to see photos posted daily and track comments without waiting for scheduled interviews or group meetings and elevates the discussion into the public sphere to facilitate wider engagement. These strategies may also produce more photos and narratives than traditional methods by leveraging technology people use daily. Study participants noted these technologies facilitated wider understanding, awareness, and discussions of neighborhood issues.
Working-Class Institutions, Amazon and The Politics of Local Economic Development in Western Queens
Authors: DeFilippis James , Stein Samuel
Published: May 2022

In November 2018 Amazon announced that they had selected Long Island City, Queens (LIC) as one of two locations for their second headquarters. While there had certainly been criticism and organizing against the proposed deal, given that it had the vocal support of both Mayor de Blasio and Governor Cuomo, most New Yorkers had assumed that the deal would be implemented. Then, rather surprisingly, on February 14th, 2019, Amazon announced its withdrawal from the deal and its decision not to come to LIC. This article uses the case of Amazon and other large scale developments in western Queens to discuss the conflictual and often messy politics of local economic development (LED) in working class communities. It argues that urban studies pays too little attention to how and why working class organizations participate in the politics of LED; and often thereby shape the enacted policies of LED.
Vortex keratopathy associated with ribociclib
Authors: Türkel Alper , Özdoğan Sibel , Yekedüz Emre , Şeyran Erdoğan , Karaçin Cengiz , Ateş Öztürk
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are the new generation drugs that have been started to be used in our clinical practice recently. These drugs have been shown to have better progression-free survival compared to standard therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-negative breast cancer. The most common side effects of CDK 4-6 inhibitors are neutropenia, nausea, leukopenia, fatigue, and diarrhea. This case demonstrated vortex keratopathy in both eyes, a rare condition in patients with breast cancer treated with ribociclib.

Case report

A 68-year-old female patient was diagnosed with locally advanced HR (+)/HER2 (−) breast cancer in March 2015. In June 2021, bone metastases were detected. The patient was started on ribociclib and fulvestrant. After three cycles of ribociclib and fulvestrant treatment, she was admitted with the complaint of blurred vision in her left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination revealed subepithelial haze with central subepithelial whorls in both corneas, more in the left eye, and also a mild punctate epithelial staining was observed with the application of fluorescein dye.

Management and outcome

Ribociclib treatment was immediately discontinued and no changes were observed in the cornea and vision levels during the one-month follow-up.

Discussion

Routine and regular follow-up eye examinations in breast cancer patients treated with ribociclib may benefit patients in our daily clinical practice and may help us to detect side effects at an early stage and to manage them more effectively.
Material swelling with partial confinement in the internally balanced generalization of hyperelasticity
Authors: Zamani Vahid , Demirkoparan Hasan , Pence Thomas J
Published: May 2022

The internally balanced material theory, which can be viewed as a generalization of hyperelasticity, is extended to treat material swelling. Swelling problems involving eventual contact with fixed rigid surfaces are considered, first for a situation where the post-contact deformation is homogeneous, and then for a situation where the post-contact deformation is not homogeneous. The latter requires the solution of a boundary value problem in the internally balanced material setting. Both situations are considered in detail for a neo-Hookean-like constitutive specification in the internally balanced material framework.
Understanding the role of interfacial mechanics on the wrinkling behavior of compressible bilayer structures under large plane deformations
Authors: Bakiler A Derya , Javili Ali
Published: May 2022

Layered soft structures under loading may buckle in order to release energy. One commonly studied phenomenon is the wrinkling behavior of a bilayer system consisting of a stiff film on top of a compliant substrate, which has been observed ubiquitously in nature and has found several applications. While the wrinkling behavior of the incompressible bilayer system has been explored thoroughly, the large deformation behavior of a compressible bilayer system had been virtually unexplored until very recently. On the contrary, it is well established where more than one material is concerned, there always exists an interphase region between different constituents whose mechanical modeling has presented itself as a long-lasting challenge. To address these gaps in the literature, herein we first propose a theoretical, generic, large deformations framework to capture the instabilities of a compressible domain containing an interface. The general interface model is employed such that at its limits, the elastic and the cohesive interface models are recovered. The instability behavior of a compressible bilayer domain undergoing large deformations for a wide range of cohesive stiffness values, stiffness ratios, compressibilities, and film thicknesses is systematically explored. In particular, it is shown that delamination of the film can also be captured via this interface model. In addition, this generic framework is examined for a coated beam and a coated half-space too. The results of the theoretical framework are thoroughly compared to numerical results obtained via finite element method simulations enhanced with eigenvalue analysis, and an excellent agreement between the two sets of results is observed. It is found that varying substrate Poisson’s ratio has a significant effect on the bifurcation behavior for higher cohesive stiffnesses. Remarkably, while in classical bilayers the critical stretch at wrinkling is independent of the film thickness, herein we discover a significant dependence of the critical stretch to the film thickness in the presence of the interface.
Improvement of probiotic viability through the design of novel biomaterials using coffee pulp wastes and Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Rosales Delgado Stephania , Alzate Arbeláez Andrés Felipe , Zapata Acosta Karol , Cortés Farid B , Rojano Benjamín A
Published: May 2022

The immobilization of bacteria cells has shown to be an efficient technology to improve cell viability. This study used lyophilized and pulverized coffee pulp (LPC) and LPC functionalized with theobromine at two concentrations, 3.1 w/w and 2.4 w/w named as LPF1 and LPF2, respectively, to immobilize Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 cells (biomaterials) and increase the viability of the cell at storage and gastrointestinal conditions. To characterize the biomaterials, SEM, Dynamic Light Scattering, TGA, , FTIR and Isoeletrc Point measurements (or zeta potential measurements) were carried out. To evaluate the effectiveness of immobilization, cell viability as a function of storage time and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated. Regarding the characterization of the materials, the particle sizes were 21.7 to 334.4 nm and they experienced mass losses of less than 10% at 100 °C. The FTIR indicated the presence of functional groups related to caffeine, chlorogenic acid, sucrose, arabinogalactans, carbohydrates, and proteins in all biomaterials. The sorption kinetic parameters showed an adsorptive capacity between 3.0 × 109 and 8.0 × 109 CFU/g, being LPF1 the best materials to immobilize the cells, associated with LPF1 surface properties. The viability was higher for immobilized cells than for free cells, when left in storage and under simulated gastric conditions. Finally, the biomaterials could be used in the preparation of probiotic diets based on lactobacilli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the use of waste from coffee agribusiness to develop probiotic biocarriers which opens up possibilities for future developments.
Year in Review 2021: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiothoracic Anesthesia
Authors: Smoroda Aaron , Douin David , Morabito Joseph , Lyman Matthew , Prin Meghan , Ahlgren Bryan , Young Andrew , Christensen Elijah , Abrams Benjamin A , Weitzel Nathaen , Clendenen Nathan
Published: May 2022

In 2021, progress in clinical science related to Cardiac Anesthesiology continued, but at a slower rate due to the ongoing pandemic and disruptions to clinical research. Most progress was incremental and addressed persistent questions related to our field. To identify articles for this review, we completed a structured review using our previously reported methods (1). Specifically, we used the search terms: “cardiac anesthesiology and outcomes” (n = 177), “cardiothoracic anesthesiology” (n = 34), “cardiac anesthesia,” and “clinical outcomes” (n = 42) filtered on clinical trials and the year 2021 in PubMed. We also reviewed clinical trials from the most prominent clinical journals to identify additional studies for a narrative review. We then selected the most noteworthy publications for inclusion in this review and identified key themes.
Promoting Women Police Officers: Does Exam Format Matter?
Authors: Huff Jessica , Todak Natalie
Published: May 2022

Despite decades of calls to diversify policing, women continue to be underrepresented in the field, and this problem compounds when looking up the ranks. One explanation is that police organizations are “gendered” in that their structures, processes, and cultures support men’s career advancement over women’s. To investigate this possibility, we analyzed survey results from 685 women police officers to examine whether career advancement is influenced by the composition of an agency’s promotional process. Most agencies used a combination of testing components, with written exams being the most common, but also a heavy reliance on interviews, assessment centers, and career portfolios. Exam format had a limited impact on women’s career advancement, while agency type, age, and education level were all significant correlates of women’s interest in promotions and career advancement.
Diabetic papillopathy in patients with optic disc drusen: Description of two different phenotypes
Authors: Becker Daniel , Larsen Michael , Lund-Andersen Henrik , Hamann Steffen
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To describe two cases of severe acute bilateral optic disc edema that occurred in patients with diabetes mellitus shortly after the initiation of intensified antihyperglycemic therapy.

Methods

Retrospective observational case report.

Case description

Two patients with type 1 diabetes presented for routine retinopathy screening with asymptomatic optic disc edema. One case was bilateral, the other unilateral. Neither patient had visual complaints. Both patients’ glycemia history was characterized by a recent bout of poor regulation and both had optic disc edema consistent with diabetic papillopathy in combination with prominent Optic disc drusen (ODD). The swelling that appeared to constitute the edematous diabetes-related component of the disease resolved within 10–12 weeks during which diabetes therapy was optimized. Visual field deficits were seen early on in both patients and had resolved to some extent in one patient after 9 months but persisted in the one affected eye in the other patient up to at least 30 months.

Conclusion

Two cases of ODD-associated diabetic papillopathy were observed: One with classic, bilateral disc edema and minor visual field defects, the other with unilateral disc edema, severe visual field defects and a phenotype that resembled non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The cases suggest that ODD may increase the risk of diabetic papillopathy, a condition that is associated with rapid glycemia reduction and crowded optic discs, which may combine to produce nerve fiber swelling and hypoperfusion with venous congestion in a compartment with limited room for expansion.
Early Diuretics for De-resuscitation in Septic Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Jones Timothy W , Chase Aaron M , Bruning Rebecca , Nimmanonda Naphun , Smith Susan E , Sikora Andrea
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

De-resuscitation practices in septic patients with heart failure (HF) are not well characterized. This study aimed to determine if diuretic initiation within 48 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission was associated with a positive fluid balance and patient outcomes.

Methods:

This single-center, retrospective cohort study included adult patients with an established diagnosis of HF admitted to the ICU with sepsis or septic shock. The primary outcome was the incidence of positive fluid balance in patients receiving early (<48 hours) versus late (>48 hours) initiation of diuresis. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, ventilator-free days, and hospital and ICU length of stay. Continuous variables were assessed using independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U, while categorical variables were evaluated using the Pearson Chi-squared test.

Results:

A total of 101 patients were included. Positive fluid balance was significantly reduced at 72 hours (−139 mL vs 4370 mL, P < .001). The duration of mechanical ventilation (4 vs 5 days, P = .129), ventilator-free days (22 vs 18.5 days, P = .129), and in-hospital mortality (28 (38%) vs 12 (43%), P = .821) were similar between groups. In a subgroup analysis excluding patients not receiving renal replacement therap (RRT) (n = 76), early diuretics was associated with lower incidence of mechanical ventilation (41 [73.2%] vs 20 (100%), P = .01) and reduced duration of mechanical ventilation (4 vs 8 days, P = .018).

Conclusions:

Diuretic use within 48 hours of ICU admission in septic patients with HF resulted in less incidence of positive fluid balance. Early diuresis in this unique patient population warrants further investigation.
The Gentrification of Airbnb: Closing Rent Gaps Through the Professionalization of Hosting
Authors: Bosma Jelke R. , van Doorn Niels
Published: May 2022

In this article, we argue that it is analytically productive to think about the professionalization of hosting on Airbnb in terms of (commercial) gentrification. More precisely, we believe that rent gap theory is helpful to advance our understanding of why and how professionalized hosting has become an increasingly salient phenomenon and for centering the active role of Airbnb as a platform operator. We develop the notion of platform-scale rent gaps to explain the economic logic that drives Airbnb to professionalize its hosts and gentrify its platform. We then discuss Airbnb’s professionalization programs and tools, showing how some of its most substantial resources primarily cater to large-scale property managers who, like Airbnb itself, seek to identify and close rent gaps on the platform. This consequently creates the conditions for uneven business development opportunities among hosts, which we illustrate by focusing on how two different types of hosts have sought to professionalize their business in Berlin. Finally, we conclude by speculating on the relationship between the gentrification of the Airbnb platform and urban gentrification.
The Teaching-Learning Process or the Teaching Process and the Learning Process
Authors: González Hernández Walfredo
Published: May 2022

Education in school is conceived from the teaching-learning process where the teacher, student, and group intervene as personal components. In the first part of the article, evidence is shown that this process is not a dialectical interrelation. Later it is demonstrated that this process exists under certain conditions that are explained from the theory of subjectivity. In this explanation, the role of the personal components that teaching and learning are integrated into a process is revealed.
Islamic political parties and election campaigns in Indonesia
Authors: Fox Colm A , Menchik Jeremy
Published: May 2022

Islamist political parties are a structural feature of politics across the Muslim world, raising persisting questions for scholars of democracy. Under what conditions will Islamists moderate to support democracy and pluralism? Under what conditions will they adopt more exclusive behavior? Taking a fresh approach, we focus on electoral competition and the conditions under which Islamic party candidates campaign using either inclusive nationalist appeals or exclusively Islamic appeals. Using a unique data source, we coded the appeals contained on the campaign posters of 572 Islamic party candidates in Indonesia. We found that demographics, urban–rural differences, and the level of government office (i.e., national or regional) affected the inclusive or exclusive nature of campaigns. We also highlight differences in appeals made by candidates from Muslim democratic and Islamist parties. The study illustrates the effectiveness of posters as a data source and presents a new approach to understanding the behavior of Islamic parties.
Analysis on the impact of technological innovation on tourism development: The case of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China
Authors: Gan Chang , Wang Kai , Voda Mihai , Jun Ye  , Chen Lijun
Published: May 2022

Despite the recognition of the relationship between technological innovation and tourism development, there is a dearth of rigorous empirical specifications to examine the effect of technological innovation on the latter. With 27 cities of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) in China as an empirical case, this study explores whether technological innovation can promote tourism development by using a series of panel regression models. The empirical results indicate that technological innovation has a positive effect on the development of tourism in the YRDUA. With respect to different regions, types of cities, and stages, there are differences in the positive impact of technological innovation on tourism development. Additionally, the impact of different types of technological innovations on tourism development is also diverse.
A techno-exchange engagement model of social Media engagement: A social exchange and engagement theoretical synthesis
Authors: Wong IpKin Anthony , Lin Zhiwei (CJ) , Zhang Xiaoling (Selina)
Published: May 2022

This research aims to advance the literature by focusing on tourist engagement on travel social media sites (SNSs). Drawing on social exchange theory and engagement theory, it improvises the techno-exchange engagement model of SNS to highlight the role of trust induced from favorable (e.g. secondary control) and unfavorable (e.g. privacy violation) encounters as well as functional (e.g. perceived ease of use and usefulness) and affective (e.g. perceived enjoyment) technology usage experiences. Based on data acquired from a popular Chinese travel SNS, research findings point to a significant meditational mechanism in the techno-exchange engagement process leading to continuance usage and information sharing intentions. This research not only underscores the duality of the cyber trust-building process, but also showcases means to improve continuous usage of travel SNS through the proposed techno-exchange engagement model.
The impact of telehealth applications on pregnancy outcomes and costs in high-risk pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Güneş Öztürk Gizem , Akyıldız Deniz , Karaçam Zekiye
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Telehealth is an applicable, acceptable, cost-effective, easily accessible, and speedy method for pregnant women. This study aimed to examine the impact of telehealth applications on pregnancy outcomes and costs in high-risk pregnancies.

Methods

Studies were selected from PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, and Clinical Key databases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria from January to February 2021. Cochrane risk-of-bias tools were used in the quality assessment of the studies.

Results

Four observational and eight randomized controlled studies were included in this meta-analysis (telehealth: 135,875, control: 94,275). It was seen that the number of ultrasound ( p < 0.01) and face-to-face visits ( p < 0.01), fasting insulin ( p < 0.01), hemoglobin A1C before delivery ( p < 0.01), and emergency cesarean section rates ( p = 0.05) were lower in the telehealth group. In the telehealth group, the women's use of antenatal corticosteroids ( p = 0.03) and hypoglycemic medication at delivery ( p = 0.03), the total of nursing interventions ( p < 0.01), compliance with actual blood glucose measurements ( p < 0.01), induction intervention at delivery ( p = 0.003), and maternal mortality ( p < 0.001) rates were higher. Two groups were similar in terms of the use of medical therapy, total gestational weight gain, health problems related to pregnancy, mode and complications of delivery, maternal intensive care unit admission, fetal-neonatal growth and development, neonatal health problems and mortality, follow-up, and care costs.

Discussion

Telehealth and routine care yielded similar maternal/neonatal health and cost outcomes. It can be said that telehealth is a safe technique to work with in the management of high-risk pregnancies.
TELEDerm: Implementing store-and-forward teledermatology consultations in general practice: Results of a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Koch Roland , Rösel Inka , Polanc Andreas , Thies Christian , Sundmacher Leonie , Eigentler Thomas , Martus Peter ,   TELEDERM Study group, Joos Stefanie
Published: May 2022

Background

Although teledermatology has been proven internationally to be an effective and safe addition to the care of patients in primary care, there are few pilot projects implementing teledermatology in routine outpatient care in Germany. The aim of this cluster randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether referrals to dermatologists are reduced by implementing a store-and-forward teleconsultation system in general practitioner practices.

Methods

Eight counties were cluster randomized to the intervention and control conditions. During the 1-year intervention period between July 2018 and June 2019, 46 general practitioner practices in the 4 intervention counties implemented a store-and-forward teledermatology system with Patient Data Management System interoperability. It allowed practice teams to initiate teleconsultations for patients with dermatologic complaints. In the four control counties, treatment as usual was performed. As primary outcome, number of referrals was calculated from routine health care data. Poisson regression was used to compare referral rates between the intervention practices and 342 control practices.

Results

The primary analysis revealed no significant difference in referral rates (relative risk  = 1.02; 95% confidence interval = 0.911–1.141; p = .74). Secondary analyses accounting for sociodemographic and practice characteristics but omitting county pairing resulted in significant differences of referral rates between intervention practices and control practices. Matched county pair, general practitioner age, patient age, and patient sex distribution in the practices were significantly related to referral rates.

Conclusions

While a store-and-forward teleconsultation system was successfully implemented in the German primary health care setting, the intervention's effect was superimposed by regional factors. Such regional factors should be considered in future teledermatology research.
Attitudes toward telemedicine among urban and rural residents
Authors: Tipre Meghan , Scarinci Isabel C , Pandya Vishruti N , Kim Young-il , Bae Sejong , Peral Sylvia , Hardy Claudia , Baskin Monica L
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Adoption of telemedicine by healthcare facilities has dramatically increased since the start of coronavirus pandemic; yet, major differences exist in universal acceptance of telemedicine across different population groups. The goal of this study was to examine population-based factors associated with current and/or future use of telemedicine in Alabama.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was administered to 532 participants online or by phone, in four urban and eight rural counties in Alabama. Data were collected on: demographics, health insurance coverage, medical history, access to technology, and its use in accessing healthcare services. Generalized logit regression models were used to estimate the odds of choosing “virtual visit” and “phone communication” compared to “in-person visit” for the preferred choice of visit with the healthcare provider; as well as odds for willingness to participate in “virtual visit” in the future.

Results

Our study sample had a mean age of 43 (±15) years, 72.9% women, 45.9% Black or African American; 59.4% population living in an urban county. The odds of “phone communication” were higher compared to the odds of “in-person visit”, with a unit increase in age (odds ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.03), after adjusting for other covariates. Among participants with past experience of virtual communications, the odds for choosing “virtual visit” were significantly higher compared to choice of in-person visit (odds ratio for virtual visit: 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 2.01–5.18), adjusted for other covariates. Further, people with college or more education were 71% less likely to choose “No” compared to those with high school or lower general education development education for future virtual visit [odds ratio for college or more: 0.29, 95% confodence interval: 0.10–0.87). Likewise, participants residing in rural counties were 57% less likely to choose “No” compared to urban counties for future virtual visit (odds ratio for rural participants: 0.43, 95% confidence interval:0.19–0.97)

Discussion

Our study found notable differences in age, education, and rurality for use and/or preference for telemedicine. Medical institutions and healthcare providers will need to account for these differences to ensure that the implementation of telemedicine does not exacerbate existing health disparities.