bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELT in Nepal: Changing Teacher's Role in the Present Context
Authors: Raju Parajuli
Published: September 2024

This reflective paper highlights English Language Teaching (ELT) practices in Nepal, focusing on various context and dilemmas such as choosing between monolingual or multilingual approaches, using local versus international materials, and selecting authentic versus inauthentic sources. It also examines the use of textbooks written by native or non-native writers and addressed obstacles and coping strategies involved. Additionally, the reflection discusses the major roles of English teachers in Nepal as a teacher, a researcher and a practitioner. ELT in Nepal has gone significant changes mirroring global shifts in ELT trends and practices. These changes include evolving attitude towards ELT, shifting goals of ELT, new teaching methods, updated curriculum design, revised teaching content and assessment, changes in medium of instruction, changing roles of teachers. Despite some ongoing confusions, ELT movement is progressing smoothly. This reflection is based on a review of relevant articles on ELT in Nepal and my personal experience as an EFL teacher in Nepal for more than18 years.
Effects of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Santosh Khanal  , Pramshu Nepal
Published: September 2024

Fiscal policy is the most important tool of government that influences economic activity through public spending, taxation, and public debt. The primary goal of Nepalese fiscal policy is to achieve high, sustainable, and inclusive economic growth by boosting private sector confidence, reducing transaction costs, and improving public spending effectiveness. The main objective of present paper is to examine the relationship between the different fiscal policy variables and how they impacts growth of the country. The study applied descriptive and causal relationship research design.To accomplish the objective, the secondary data from 1974–1975 to 2021–2022 were poised.The findings suggested a co-integration between the dependent and independent variables as well as a long-term relationship between the variables. The estimated coefficients of GTAX and RNETFL show the response to Nepal's RGDP. It showed that one percent increase in government tax revenue raises GDP by 0.2489 percent. Similarly, one percent increasing in the net outstanding foreign loan (NETFL) increases RGDP by.0613 percent. As a result, independent variables such as government tax and net outstanding foreign loans both contribute to Nepal's GDP. These findings should encourage those responsible for developing fiscal policy to create taxes, spending plans, and proper use of foreign loans to protect productive spending while avoiding tax structures targeted explicitly at the country's low[1]income households.
‘मेरी सौता’ कथामा रौद्र रस
Authors: शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad गैरे Gaire
Published: September 2024

प्रस्ततु लेख मेरी सौता कथाको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । मुना चौधरीद्वारा लेखिएको यो कथा उनको कथासङ्ग्रह लारमा समाविष्ट छ । चौधरी नेपाली साहित्यका कथा तथा उपन्यास विधामा स्थापित छन् । मूलतः यौनलाई विषय बनाउने चौधरीले यस कथामा लोग्नेले अर्को बिहे गरेपछि र सौतालाई माया गर्न थालेपछि लोग्ने र सौताप्रति वितृष्णा उत्पन्न हुन गई उनीहरूप्रति क्रोध प्रकट गर्ने नारीको कथा भनिएको छ । लोग्नेले सौतालाई माया गरेपछि लोग्नेप्रति चरम क्रोध प्रकट गरेकाले कथामा रौद्र रसको विशेष प्रयोग भएको देखिन्छ । संस्कृत साहित्यशास्त्रमा काव्य विश्लेषणका निम्ति प्रतिपादन गरिएका सिद्धान्तमध्ये रसलाई जेठो माानिन्छ, जसमा नवरसको चर्चा पाइन्छ । तीमध्ये रौद्र रस एक हो । कसैप्रति क्रोध वा आक्रोश प्रकट गर्दा रौद्र रसको उत्पत्ति हुन्छ । विश्लेष्य कथामा रौद्र रसको प्रयोग अत्यधिक देखिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा मेरी सौता कथामा रौद्र रसको प्रस्तुति केकसरी गरिएको छ ? भन्ने समस्यामूलक प्रश्नमा केन्द्रित रहेर अध्ययनलाई सम्पन्न गरिएको छ । अध्ययनमा निगमनात्म्क विधिअन्तर्गत व्याख्यात्मक विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा मुना चौधरीको मेरी सौता कथा रौद्र रसको प्रयोगका दृष्टिले महत्त्वपूर्ण र सशक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
‘पवित्रा’ कथाको संरचनात्मक अध्ययन
Authors: शारदा Sharada खनाल Khanal
Published: September 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा मनोवैज्ञानिक कथाकार विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाको पवित्रा कथाको संरचनात्मक आधारमा अध्ययन विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पवित्रा कथाको विभिन्न कोणबाट अध्ययन गरिएको र गर्न सकिने अवस्था भए पनि यस लेखमा संरचनावादी सिद्धान्तका आधारमा मात्र अध्ययन गरिएको छ । कुनै पनि कृतिको संरचनामा केन्द्रित भई उक्त कृतिको वस्तुगत र वैज्ञानिक ढङ्गले अध्ययन विश्लेषण गर्ने पद्धतिलाई संरचनावाद भनिन्छ । कृतिरचनाका क्रममा आवश्यक पर्ने विभिन्न अङ्ग, तत्त्व वा घटकहरूको समष्टि वा पारस्परिक मेलबाट निर्मित पूर्ण रूप नै उक्त कृतिको संरचना हो ।संरचनात्मक विश्लेषण कृतिको विभाजन, सङ्गठन, वस्तु, सहभागी, परिवेश, उद्देश्य, समाख्याताको स्थिति तथा भाषाशैलीगत विन्यास जस्ता विभिन्न आधारमा गरिएको छ । प्राथमिक र द्वितीयक दुवै स्रोतका सामग्रीलाई सूक्ष्म पठन गरी सघन पाठविश्लेषण विधिअनुसार सन्दर्भपरक अध्ययनसमेत गरिएकाले प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको छ । प्रमुख पात्र पवित्राको शारीरिक, सामाजिक र मानसिक सबै दृष्टिकोणले दयनीय स्थितिको जीवन्त तस्विर प्रस्तुत गर्दै तत्कालीन समाजमा मात्र नभएर जहिले र अहिले पनि यस्ता युवतीहरूप्रति समाजको दृष्टिकोण सकारात्मक नहुँदा र उनीहरूको बिहे हुन नसक्दा उनीहरू नोकर वा भान्छे भएर आफ्नो जवानी यत्तिकै खेर फाल्दै बेसहारा जीवन बाँच्नुपर्ने बाध्यात्मक अवस्थालाई अत्यन्त मार्मिक ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रारम्भमा कथातर्फ पाठकलाई अभिमुख गराई लगत्तै कथाको मूल कथ्य सन्दर्भलाई जोडेर कथालाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । सहरिया परिवेशमा केन्द्रित यस कथामा निश्चित कालिक परिवेश नभए पनि पात्रका जीवनका एउटा खण्डका घटना प्रस्तुत भएका छन् । बहिर्निष्ठ तथा सर्वज्ञ समाख्याता रहेको यस कथामा सरल, सहज र स्वाभाविक भाषाको प्रयोग गरिएको पाइन्छ । मध्यम खालको संरचनामा संरचित प्रस्तुत कथालाई विभाजन, सङ्गठन, वस्तु, सहभागी र तिनको सहभागिता, परिवेश, समाख्याता, भाषाशैलीगत विन्यास जस्ता संरचनावादी सिद्धान्तका संरचक घटकहरूका आधारमा अध्ययन गरी प्राप्त भएको निष्कर्षलाई यसको प्राप्तिका रूपमा लिइएको छ ।
Literatura non-fiction w Litwie w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach
Authors: Dalecka Teresa
Published: September 2024

Głównym celem artykułu jest zwięzłe przedstawienie literatury niefikcjonalnej w Litwie, która jest niejednorodna. Wśród popularnych pozycji czytelniczych dominują przekłady, w tym nieliczne z języka polskiego. Poza tym ukazują się książki non-fiction autorów litewskich oraz w niewielkiej liczbie propozycje twórców piszących po polsku. Z zastosowaniem metody opisowej zostało ukazane każde z tych zjawisk, większą uwagę poświęcono tekstom powstałym w języku polskim. Litewska proza niefikcjonalna, tworzona w języku zarówno litewskim, jak i polskim, oscyluje przede wszystkim wokół tematu utraty i przemijania. Jest efektem potrzeby jej autorów zachowania na kartach książek wspomnień dotyczących ojczyzny w stanie zagrożenia albo utraconej, rodziny, tożsamości i języka. W polskiej literaturze niefikcjonalnej, reprezentowanej głównie przez Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego, czytelnika litewskiego interesuje skomplikowane zjawisko XX wieku – mechanizm istnienia i rozpadu systemów totalitarnych, jak również związane z tym psychologiczne konsekwencje, które ponosi zbiorowość i pojedyncza osoba, oraz ich przemiana w określonej historycznej przestrzeni społecznej. Istotne są obserwacje Kapuścińskiego dotyczące tego, jak kataklizmy historii zmieniają życie zwykłego człowieka, jak zacierają się granice między napastnikami a ofiarami. Mała liczba niefikcjonalnych pozycji prozatorskich pozwala wysnuć wniosek, że ten gatunek literacki dopiero toruje sobie drogę w Litwie. Jednak jego popularność wśród czytelników daje szansę na szybki rozwój w najbliższej przyszłości.
Basics of Literary Studies
Authors: Pokrivčák Anton , Pokrivčáková Silvia , Kocianová Louise , Daněk Kyzek Caroline Ann
Published: September 2024

The present audiobook is the second edition of a successful audial study material accompanying the electronic textbook Basics of Literary Studies (ISBN 978­‑80­‑568­‑0577­‑0). otvárané v novom okne
(obvykle ide o externý odkaz) Similarly to its edition, the audiobook is adapted for learners with specific learning needs, but the format can be appreciated by the students who prefer an audial style of learning or multimodal learning based on both reading and listening.

Both study materials serve as guides for students beginning their study of Anglophone literatures. They offer a concise and accessible discussion of central issues in the contemporary study of literary texts, including definitions of key terms such as literature and literary scholarship, periods of literary history, theoretical approaches to the study of literary texts, an overview of critical approaches, characteristics of language typical for literature, classification of literary kinds and genres, etc. Despite their similarities with other study guides, the present textbook is unique at least in one aspect: it integrates the knowledge coming from the international context of the study of Anglophone literatures with a specific cultural and geographical context of Slovakia (and Czech Republic), which establishes a space for constructive cooperation and mutual beneficiation.

The current extended edition of the audiobook includes the following changes and extensions:

it includes a new recording of the extended chapter on intertextuality,
after general descriptions of literary kinds and genres, a new recording of the chapter on digital literature was added,
the last chapter on literary education was significantly extended and newly recorded,
the audiobook includes an updated list of references reflecting on the latest developments in literary studies.
Experiences of ethnic minority personnel in the armed forces: A systematic review
Authors: Salem Kate , Randles Rebecca , Sapre Bhairavi , Finnegan Alan
Published: September 2024

LAY SUMMARY

An armed forces consisting of personnel from diverse and ethnic minority backgrounds offers considerable benefits, not just in terms of reflecting society but for improving the effectiveness of military operations. Many ethnic minority individuals serve for long periods, during which they experience personal growth and benefit from military service. However, little research has explored the impact these experiences might have on ethnic minority communities within the Armed Forces, who report higher levels of bullying, harassment, and discrimination. Given the lack of empirical research into armed forces ethnic minority personnel, this systematic review aimed to provide insight into and understanding of existing international research, relevant reports, and policy. The review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and included articles written in English since 2010. The review identified three themes — cultural identity, health status and health utilization, and trauma and discrimination — and indicated that ethnic minority personnel experience greater disadvantage than their native counterparts, both during and after service.
Expériences du personnel issu des minorités ethniques dans les forces armées : une étude systématique
Authors: Salem Kate , Randles Rebecca , Sapre Bhairavi , Finnegan Alan
Published: September 2024

SOMMAIRE NON SCIENTIFIQUE

Des forces armées composées de personnel issu de la diversité et des minorités ethniques présentent des avantages considérables non seulement en matière de reflet de la société, mais aussi d’amélioration de l’efficacité des opérations militaires. De nombreuses personnes issues des minorités ethniques servent pendant de longues périodes, au cours desquelles elles s’épanouissent et tirent profit du service militaire. Cependant, peu de recherches ont mesuré l’effet que ces expériences pourraient avoir sur les communautés ethniques minoritaires au sein des forces armées, qui signalent des niveaux plus élevés d’intimidation, de harcèlement et de discrimination. Étant donné le manque de recherches empiriques sur le personnel des forces armées issu des minorités ethniques, cette étude systématique vise à fournir un aperçu et une compréhension des recherches internationales actuelles, des rapports pertinents et de la politique. L’étude a été guidée par la norme Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses et comprend des articles rédigés en anglais depuis 2010. L’étude a relevé trois thèmes — l’identité culturelle, l’état de santé et l’utilisation des services de santé, ainsi que les traumatismes et la discrimination — et a montré que les membres des minorités ethniques sont plus désavantagés que leurs homologues originaires du pays, tant pendant qu’après le service.
Dynamics of changes in the representation of mesenchymal cells in the forming glial scar during dexamethasone application
Authors: Graboviy O. M. , Mervinsky T. S. , Savosko S. I. , Yaremenko L. M.
Published: September 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells are involved in cellular responses in the injured brain after a stroke. The formation of a glial scar is a local response in the brain to damage, and mesenchymal stem cells may be involved in the processes of scar formation. Mesenchymal stem cells express a range of membrane markers, the expression profile of which obviously changes as they differentiate and depends on the microenvironment in which these cells are located. However, it is still unclear where the stem cells in the damaged brain originate from – whether they come from a resident source or from the bone marrow, although an increase in CD34+ cells in the blood of stroke patients is a well-known fact. In this study, we consider the hypothesis regarding the appearance of mesenchymal stem cells in the brain during a stroke and their potential involvement in the formation of a glial scar. The aim of the study is to investigate the involvement of CD44+, CD68+, CD90+, and CD146+ cells in the formation of a glial scar during hemorrhagic stroke and the changes in their representation under the effect of dexamethasone. To achieve this goal, we simulated hemorrhagic stroke in rats and compared the results of immunohistochemical detection of CD44+, CD68+, CD90+, and CD146+ cells in the area of glial scar formation against the dexamethasone administration. We obtained convincing results of differences in the activity and timing of migration of cells expressing CD44 compared to cells expressing CD68, CD90, and CD146. There is a tendency indicating a dependence between the detection of CD44+ cells and the extent of the damage, while the detection of CD68+, CD90+, and CD146+ cells is strongly correlated and increases under the effect of dexamethasone. Cells expressing CD44 were the main participants in the infiltrating pool of cells in the acute phase, but dexamethasone delayed the peak accumulation of CD44+ cells in the forming scar. There were some changes in the detection of these cells around the hemorrhage during dexamethasone treatment, which may indicate its modulating effect on mesenchymal stem cells during glial scar formation. The more frequent detection of CD68+, CD90+, and CD146+ cells can be considered a manifestation of the potential modification by dexamethasone of cellular reactions involved in glial scar formation in the brain after a stroke. The study of the roles of specific immunophenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells in the areas of glial scar formation following hemorrhagic stroke opens new perspectives in the study of brain recovery processes.
Mezhdistsiplinarnyi podkhod v dizaine kostiuma
Authors: Klimova Larisa Andreevna
Published: September 2024

Based on an analysis of the available scientific and methodological literature, the chapter examines the impact of interdisciplinarity on the learning process in higher education. The results of the analysis of the curriculum of the professional educational programs of the Institute of Service and Entrepreneurship (branch) of the Don State Technical University in the city of Shakhty in the context of interdisciplinary ties between the blocks of humaппities of a general scientific and specialized nature, propaedeutic, methodological, design and engineering disciplines are presented. Theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis were used, design methods – combinatorics, analogies, figurative-associative. The chapter shows that interdisciplinarity involves combining or integrating two or more academic disciplines into one activity, for example, in the educational process using the example of the structure of the curriculum of the 54.03.01 Design direction and the main stages of the author's design project. students of the Shakhty School of Design as an illustration of the provisions of the study.
Construction of Ag/AgCl@MIL-53(Fe): Achieving Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation via the Plasma-Phase Silver and Heterojunction Synergistic Effect
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Bekchanov Davronbek , Baikenov Murzabek I. , Su Xintai
Published: September 2024

The development of highly efficient water oxidation catalysts is a bottleneck in achieving artificial photosynthesis, as water oxidation is a complex process involving multiple electron and proton transfers. To further improve the photocatalytic water oxidation performance of MIL-53(Fe), a series of Ag/AgCl@MIL-53(Fe) samples with different Fe:Ag ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and used in the photocatalytic water oxidation reactions. XRD characterization showed the successful preparation of Ag/AgCl@MIL-53(Fe) heterostructure catalysts. The reaction results showed that sample AAM-2 (Fe:Ag=5:1) had the best photocatalytic water oxidation performance, with the highest TOF value of 0.14 mmol/(g·s) and quantum efficiency of 39.0 % under the conditions of catalyst mass of 1 mg and pH=9.0 for boric acid-borax buffer solution. Measurements of photocurrent indicated that the AAM-2 samples doped with Ag/AgCl had higher photocurrent densities, thus improving the photocatalytic performance. This provides new insights for constructing highly efficient porous MOFs catalysts.
Liability of a trustee for environmental offences: Problematic issues and specific features of legal nature
Authors: Pryz Oleksandr
Published: September 2024

The relevance of this subject lies in the fact that an effective enforcement mechanism in the context of compliance with environmental legislation is a lever for preventing environmental offences in general. Considering the lack of a wide range of studies on the environmental liability of a trustee, the scientific and practical need to analyse the relevant issues was identified. The study employed a system of research methods, namely: comparative legal method, method of critical analysis, method of interpretation of legal provisions, method of abstraction, logical and legal method, method of legal modelling, and dogmatic method. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive general theoretical analysis and study of the legal nature and specific features of liability for environmental offences of a trustee and to formulate scientific, theoretical, and practical provisions for the regulation of the relevant legal relations. The study analysed the specifics of the trustee’s environmental liability in the context of security trust as a fiduciary institution, as well as in the case of concluding a property management agreement known as a trust in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system. The study offered a vision of the concept of environmental liability of a trustee through the lens of two models of this institution prescribed by current legislation. The study examined the category of complicity in the context of guilt in committing an environmental offence by both the trustee and the property management company. The study presented a critical analysis of the legislative technique of presenting the regulatory provisions of the Land Code of Ukraine on regulation of the institute of trust ownership of a land plot. As a result of this study, proposals were formulated for improving the current legislation in the context of the trustee’s liability for environmental offences, as well as for the development of a separate chapter of the Land Code of Ukraine dedicated to the legal regulation of the institution of trust ownership of a land plot. The study focused on the theory of trust ownership on a global scale and based on the analysis of the initial provisions, determined its fundamental doctrinal significance for building a mechanism of environmental responsibility of trustees in each individual state. The practical value of this study lies in the fact that its findings can be applied in improving the legal regulation of this area of legal relations
Electric transport as one of the ways to achieve climate neutrality in Europe: Problems of development and legal regulation in Ukraine
Authors: Martyniuk Roman
Published: September 2024

The study of ways to improve the regulatory framework for the use of green technologies is becoming increasingly important due to the exacerbating climate crisis, which is prompting a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the gaps in the current legislation on the development of electric transport, as well as to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed changes in this area, which are intended to reduce the adverse impact of transport on the environment. The methodology of the study included formal logical, formal legal, comparative legal, as well as other general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition, a review of the current laws of Ukraine and draft laws submitted to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine aimed at improving the current legislation on electric transport, including the regulation of the use of personal light electric transport. An analysis of current legislation and draft laws submitted for consideration revealed that some laws contain provisions that hinder the development of electric transport, and the adoption of a series of draft laws could negatively affect the economic viability and ease of use of such transport. The study provided recommendations, based on the approaches of EU countries, to promote and motivate drivers to change their internal combustion engine vehicles to electric ones. The study resulted in a series of proposals to address the identified problems and shortcomings of the current legislation. Specifically, the study suggested ways to encourage drivers to change their internal combustion engine vehicle to an electric one, analysed the ways of developing and popularising personal electric vehicles, examined the current state of development of green infrastructure and availability of electric vehicle charging points, and proposed approaches to solving the issue of recycling electric vehicle batteries. The practical value of this study lies in the possibility of further use of the research findings and conclusions drawn therein to address the gaps in current legislation by submitting a draft law with the proposed relevant amendments
Features of the Technology for Producing Potato Drink Concentrate Based on it
Authors: V. Litvyak Vladimir
Published: September 2024

We have developed a technology that has no analogues in the world for the production of potato concentrate and a technology for preparing a new original carbonated soft drink based on it. Technology for the production of potato concentrate (from: fresh whole potatoes includes either crushed potatoes, or good-quality dry waste, or good-quality mashed waste) the following technological stages: acceptance of potatoes, washing of tubers, inspection of potatoes, peeling potatoes, boiling potatoes, preparation of amylolytic enzyme preparations, enzymatic hydrolysis (liquefaction and saccharification) of the boiled mass, clarification of the saccharified mass, evaporation, acidification, bottling. The technology for the production of potato drinks includes the following technological steps: water preparation, preparation of sugar syrup, concentrate processing, preparation of a citric acid solution, preparation of spicy aromatic infusions, preparation of color, preparation of a preservative, preparation of blended syrup, bottling of the drink. Promising areas of research in the field of improving the technology for obtaining potato concentrate are: the development of new technological schemes, the optimization of technology for hydroxymethylfurfural and melanoidins, the enzymatic method of enriching potato concentrate with fructose, the development of technologies for obtaining potato concentrate from the waste of the potato starch industry, and the technology of potato drinks is to increase their shelf life.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria from Selected Waste Sites within Anyigba Metropolis, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: David Adeiza Zakari
Published: September 2024

In a comprehensive study conducted across various waste sites in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria, the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria were elucidated. The investigation targeted three distinct waste sites: a medical dump site, a mechanic dump site, and an agricultural dump site, where the prevalence and resistance profiles of bacteria were closely monitored to understand their ecological impact and potential public health concerns. The study identified six bacterial species with diverse colonial morphology and biochemical characteristics. These included Salmonella sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., and Enterobacter sp. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a complex pattern of resistance and susceptibility to various antibiotics. Pseudomonas sp. and Salmonella sp. showed a high degree of resistance to sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol, while being sensitive to cephalothin and ceftriaxone. Bacillus sp. isolates were particularly susceptible to ciprofloxacin and amikacin, but resistant to sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. Micrococcus sp. exhibited broad susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and sulfamethoxazole. Enterobacter sp. was sensitive to sulfisoxazole and nitrofurantoin, while Salmonella sp. showed sensitivity to cefepime and amoxicillin-clavulanate. These findings highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of antimicrobial resistance patterns among bacteria in waste environments. The results contribute to the knowledge base on environmental microbiology and suggest a need for stricter waste management practices to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant threat to public health.
Investigation of Proximate Composition and Bioactive Components in Banana (Musa acuminata) Peels Using Advanced Analytical Techniques
Authors: E. Esonu Chimdi
Published: September 2024

Background: Banana peels, often considered waste, contain valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds. This study investigates the proximate composition and bioactive components of banana (Musa acuminata) peels using advanced analytical techniques. Materials and Methods: Banana peels were collected from household wastes and processing facilities, washed, dried, and ground into fine powder. Proximate analysis was performed to determine moisture, carbohydrate, ash, crude fiber, protein, and crude fat content using standard methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were employed to identify and characterize bioactive components and functional groups. Results: The proximate composition revealed moisture (7.36 ± 0.37%), carbohydrate (23.15 ± 0.05%), ash (12.11 ± 0.09%), crude fibre (30.53 ± 0.77%), protein (16.42 ± 0.45%), and crude fat (10.43 ± 0.67%). GC-MS analysis identified various bioactive compounds, including 13-Docosenoic acid methyl ester (12.67%), 1-Docosene (12.63%), and Octadecanal (9.45%). FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups such as alkane (2746.688 cm^-1), ester (1888.360 cm^-1), and primary amine (3514.793 cm^-1). Conclusion: Banana peels possess significant nutritional and bioactive components, making them a potential resource for various industrial applications. The study highlights the importance of valorizing banana peels for nutritional and therapeutic uses.
Análisis comparativo del impacto de las reformas del FMI en países en desarrollo y países desarrollados
Authors: Cuvi Santacruz Mario Francisco , Cuvi Santacruz Mario Francisco
Published: September 2024

Introducción: El Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) desempeña un papel esencial en la estabilidad financiera global a través de sus reformas. Estas impactan tanto a países en desarrollo como a países desarrollados. Mientras los países desarrollados se benefician en términos de regulación y competitividad, los países en desarrollo enfrentan desafíos en pobreza, infraestructura y estabilidad macroeconómica. El documento analiza la importancia de las reformas del FMI, centrándose en la supervisión del sistema monetario internacional y sus mecanismos de vigilancia. También examina los recientes cambios en el enfoque y prácticas de vigilancia. Metodología: Se revisó la literatura y estudios de casos sobre las reformas del FMI, junto con el análisis de datos sobre su supervisión económica. Esto permitió comparar los impactos en países en desarrollo y desarrollados. Resultados: Las reformas del FMI se enfocaron en estabilización macroeconómica y pobreza en países en desarrollo, y en regulación financiera y competitividad en países desarrollados. Personalizar las políticas según las necesidades de cada país es clave. Discusión: Las reformas son esenciales, pero su efectividad varía según el contexto. Los países desarrollados se adaptan más rápido que los en desarrollo. Conclusiones: Se necesita un enfoque más equitativo y adaptado. Se recomienda mayor participación de los países en desarrollo y continuar con la vigilancia multilateral.
Aplicación de la didáctica de la Literatura y Lingüística Comparada en L1 y L2 a través de los textos de Franz Grillparzer y Lope de Vega
Authors: Prieto Reina Carmen
Published: September 2024

Introducción: En este artículo se abordan diferentes cuestiones relativas al estudio de la Literatura Comparada en alemán y castellano a través de dos manuscritos relevantes en la producción literaria de Lope de Vega y Franz Grillparzer. Metodología: Ambos escritos serán los puntos de partida para diseñar un proceso de aprendizaje basado en la comparativa de ambas lenguas, que propicie la adquisición de nuevas estructuras lingüísticas y contenidos en torno al estudio de ambas corrientes literarias, afianzando el enfoque de carácter crítico. Resultados: El análisis de nuestras sesiones formativas aporta resultados significativos que demuestran, que, a través de la aplicación de este método, se pudo observar un notable incremento del acervo lingüístico en las lenguas objeto de estudio, al mismo tiempo que pudo constatarse el incremento de la aprehensión de contenidos en el ámbito de la Historia de la Literatura alemana y castellana. Discusión: En el análisis de los resultados se determina que la aprehensión del vocabulario facilitado sirvió de base en la producción oral y escrita. Conclusiones: La comparativa de contenidos y textos no solo garantiza la adquisición de contenidos o terminología, sino que además permite la valoración crítica de los contextos históricos de una temática común en el tiempo.
Análisis de estrategias de aprendizaje del programa de Contaduría Pública: Distancia Uniminuto con escala MSLQ
Authors: Prada Segura Jasleidy Astrid , Moreno Sierra Fabian Augusto , Corredor García María del Pilar
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Este artículo analiza los factores relacionados con la promoción de buenas prácticas educativas que mejoran el rendimiento académico de estudiantes del programa de Contaduría Pública a distancia de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un enfoque metodológico descriptivo. La población incluyó 441 estudiantes, con una muestra representativa de 100 estudiantes que respondieron el cuestionario MSLQ (Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire) a través de muestreo aleatorio simple. Se evaluó la relación entre motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y desempeño académico. Resultados: Se identificó una correlación positiva entre el rendimiento académico, las buenas prácticas educativas y las competencias adquiridas. El análisis del coeficiente de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach mostró consistencia interna entre los factores evaluados, sugiriendo una relación significativa con el éxito académico y profesional. Discusión: El estudio destaca la importancia de las estrategias pedagógicas reflexivas y guiadas en el desarrollo académico e investigativo de los estudiantes, influyendo en su autonomía y éxito profesional. Conclusiones: Se recomienda la implementación de estrategias pedagógicas que fomenten la autonomía estudiantil, contribuyendo al éxito académico y profesional de los estudiantes de Contaduría Pública.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF THE MOBILE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITOR OF THE DNISTER CANYON
Authors:   Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Trysnyuk V. M.
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the article lies in the development of a mobile environmental monitoring system and the features of creating an algorithm using aerospace technologies. A methodology for determining environmental risk zones is proposed, which is based on the methods of ranking environmental indicators during the assessment of the ecological safety of the ecosystem using multispectral characteristics of space images. This scientific and methodical approach allows to determine the environmental risk zones by combining various environmental indicators into a complex (scalar) indicator. Using the capabilities of GIS for regional cartographic constructions and the subsequent system of groundwater protection assessments, pre-created electronic maps of the power of the aeration zone and the structure of the lithological composition of its rocks on a scale of 1:1000,000 were used to perform this type of work. Each of the electronic maps involved for these buildings, underwent preliminary processing, which included the generalization of selected subdivisions. An ecological map of the Dniester Canyon under the influence of anthropogenic factors was constructed. This provided an opportunity for further ecological forecasting of the territory based on the application of information technologies. The application of the developed mobile environmental monitoring system allows for a prompt response to changes in the ecosystem and more accurate and efficient management of natural resources. This system helps not only to identify areas of environmental risk but also to develop adequate measures to minimize them. It provides an integrated approach to monitoring, taking into account various aspects of the environmental situation, from the state of water resources to the level of air pollution, and helps to make informed decisions at the level of local and regional authorities.
Spontaneous regression of Rathke’s cleft cysts with conservative management: patient series
Authors: Fixman Benjamin , Peterson Racheal , Shiroishi Mark , Carmichael John D , Zada Gabriel
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign fluid-filled cysts that develop in the pituitary gland because of the abnormal embryological development of Rathke’s pouch. Most RCCs are small and asymptomatic; however, they can present with symptoms or documented growth, sometimes prompting surgical treatment. For smaller asymptomatic lesions, an unknown proportion demonstrates regression over time. This study describes 3 cases of spontaneous RCC regression.

OBSERVATIONS

Three patients with a diagnosis of RCC demonstrated an average decrease of 78% in cyst volume over a mean interval of 3.7 months. One patient experienced the resolution of chronic headaches, whereas the other 2 patients had persistent headaches and endocrinopathies at follow-up. A systematic review included 9 studies that reported results from observational cohorts of patients with RCC, totaling 619 observed patients, with 158 (25.5%) patients demonstrating spontaneous cyst regression. In the patients with cyst regression, the majority had a resolution of symptoms.

LESSONS

A substantial proportion of RCC patients managed nonsurgically demonstrated spontaneous regression. There is a role for the conservative management of RCCs in patients without significant symptoms, and surveillance should continue for a minimum of 5 years to confirm cyst stability. For patients undergoing planned surgery, same-day or recent imaging is recommended to prevent operating on involuted RCCs.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24268
Late meningitis and a nonabsorbable stent in recurrent Rathke’s cleft cyst: illustrative case
Authors: Serioli Simona , Mastropasqua Vincenzo , De Rosa Giorgia , Ebrahimian Romina , Mattogno Pierpaolo , Rigante Mario , Gaudino Simona , Maria Corsello Salvatore , Lauretti Liverana , Murri Rita , Gessi Marco , Olivi Alessandro , Doglietto Francesco
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

The management of recurrent Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCCs) remains challenging. The off-label application of steroid-eluting bioabsorbable or nonabsorbable intracystic stents has been recently described. Early outcomes and complications of this treatment have been described as well, but long-term data are lacking.

OBSERVATIONS

A 31-year-old woman who had undergone 3 prior transsphenoidal surgeries for recurrent RCC at other institutions was admitted for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus meningitis. Five years earlier, a nonabsorbable stent had been placed in the cyst using a microsurgical transsphenoidal approach. RCC recurrence had been radiologically evident after 2 years but was clinically asymptomatic. Acute cerebrospinal fluid leakage and other causes of meningitis were ruled out; the stent was occluded. After antibiotic therapy and resolution of the meningitis, the patient underwent endoscopic removal of the catheter, excision of the cyst, and reconstruction with a nasoseptal flap. At the 18-month follow-up, she remained neurologically intact, under replacement therapy, and with no signs of recurrence.

LESSONS

The authors report the first case of late meningitis due to a nonabsorbable stent positioned for the treatment of a recurrent RCC. Currently, data on the long-term outcomes, failure rates, and complications of stents for RCC are limited.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2477
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF WIND ENERGY AS A FACTOR OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lviv National Environmental University, Cherevko I. , Hrynchuk R. ,   Lviv National Environmental University
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the research was to study and systematize the economic, ecological and technological advantages and disadvantages of wind energy and the conditions, opportunities and problems of its development in Ukraine as a factor of the country’s economic development in the conditions of war. The methodology of the conducted research is based on the application of the descriptive-analytical method in the process of studying the phenomena and processes, that are taking place in the energy base of the countries of the world and, in particular, in Ukraine, which is combined with the organic synthesis of the results obtained due to the application of the descriptive-analytical method of the results, their systematization and generalization, as well as with the comparative method, which turned out to be particularly suitable in the process of analyzing the trends in the development of wind energy in Ukraine. It is established that wind power has significant technological, economic and environmental advantages over other branches of renewable energy, but it also has certain disadvantages. The comparative analysis showed that the total assessment of the advantages of wind energy is much higher than the total assessment of its disadvantages, which, by the way, decreases over time as the relevant technologies progress. The rate of wind energy development in the pre-war period in Ukraine was also quite high, and even during the war, it continued to develop. Ukraine is intensively rebuilding destroyed wind energy facilities, actively building a network of new wind power plants on controlled territories, as there is an understanding of the need to start rebuilding the economy without waiting for victory, and that it should start with wind power, which can significantly reduce and eliminate the energy deficit in the country relatively quickly. The main factors that will influence the scenario of liquidation of the consequences of russian military aggression in the wind energy industry of Ukraine and its post-war reconstruction are the time and conditions of the end of the war, the pace of recovery, and forecasting indicators of GDP growth, the rate and completeness of market integration with the EU, the quality of the state support for wind energy in terms of creating favorable economic conditions for it, since favorable natural conditions for the development of wind power industry in Ukraine are objectively available.
СИСТЕМНІ ВИКЛИКИ В АГРАРНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ: КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ
Authors: Навроцький О.
Published: September 2024

Аграрний бізнес України стикається з численними системними викликами, які потребують комплексного та багатогранного вирішення. Визначено, що системні виклики негативно впливають на стійкість та розвиток аграрного сектору України, призводять до зниження рентабельності аграрного бізнесу, втрати конкурентоспроможності на світових ринках, погіршення продовольчої безпеки країни. Запропоновано класифікацію системних викликів аграрного бізнесу України за такими категоріями: економічні (волатильність цін на сільськогосподарську продукцію; зростання цін на ресурси; брак кваліфікованої робочої сили; доступ до кредитів та фінансування); екологічні (зміна клімату; деградація земель, забруднення навколишнього середовища, зменшення біорізноманіття); соціальні (зростання нерівності; міграція із сільської місцевості; брак доступу до освіти та охорони здоров'я; зміна продовольчих звичок), політичні (нестабільність політичної ситуації, недосконалість законодавства, корупція, торгові бар’єри) та технологічні (впровадження нових технологій, брак цифрової грамотності, кібербезпека). Також визначено, що глобальні, національні та локальні системні виклики становлять значну загрозу для стійкості та розвитку аграрного бізнесу України. Класифікація системних викликів в аграрному бізнесі потребує комплексного та системного підходу до їх вирішення. Для подолання цих викликів необхідні скоординовані зусилля з боку уряду, приватного сектору та наукових кіл. Налагодження конструктивного й продуктивного діалогу між владними та бізнесовими структурами у сфері розвитку агробізнесу забезпечуватиме спільне вирішення питань розвитку бізнесу. Запропоновано шляхи подолання системних викликів, зокрема: здійснити земельну реформу, модернізувати аграрну інфраструктуру, покращити інвестиційний клімат, посилити державну підтримку аграрного сектору, впроваджувати новітні технології та обладнання, використовувати ресурси більш економно, диверсифікувати ринки збуту, адаптувати виробництво до зміни клімату та споживчих уподобань.
СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ АУДИТУ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ЗАКУПІВЕЛЬ
Authors: Сиротюк Г. , Янковська К. , Жидовська Н.
Published: September 2024

Розглянуто важливі аспекти аудиту ефективності в контексті системи публічних закупівель. Проаналізовано форми державного аудиту згідно з класифікацією INTOSAI та обґрунтовано, що аудит ефективності є найбільш цінним з погляду вдосконалення управлінського процесу в державному секторі економіки, оскільки дозволяє зрозуміти, наскільки планування, виконання та контроль витрат сприяють досягненню стратегічних цілей у процесі публічних закупівель. Розкрито сутність аудиту ефективності публічних закупівель, яка полягає в забезпеченні прозорості, ефективності та сталості управління фінансовими ресурсами, сприяючи оптимальному використанню бюджетних коштів та впровадженню сучасних підходів до управління грошовими потоками в інтересах громадськості. Подано принципи аудиту ефективності, які дають змогу повніше розкрити його суть: економічність, результативність, ефективність, навколишнє середовище, справедливість, етика, економічний добробут, доцільність, розвиток, і запропоновано доповнити їх принципом адаптивності. Зауважено, що принципи аудиту ефективності в контексті публічних закупівель дозволяють визначити та оцінити ефективність використання ресурсів та дотримання критеріїв сталості у виборі постачальників. Названо основні етапи здійснення аудиту ефективності публічних закупівель: планування аудиту; збір та аналіз інформації; оцінка дотримання правил та законодавства; оцінка ефективності витрат; оцінка якості товарів та послуг; визначення ризиків; підготовка звіту; моніторинг та слідкування. Вказано на особливості здійснення аудиту ефективності з урахуванням воєнного стану в країні. Особливу увагу приділено критеріям оцінювання товарів та послуг щодо їхньої сталості під час публічних закупівель. Проаналізовано сутність екологічних, економічних та соціальних критеріїв.
EFFICIENCY OF ACCOUNTING CONSULTING IN IT COMPANIES AND THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Myronchuk Z. , Tsitska N. , Andruchko R. , Maletska O.
Published: September 2024

The primary focus of this scientific article is to comprehensively examine the nature and potential growth of accounting consulting within the realm of IT enterprise management. Specifically, the research aims to uncover the theoretical principles and real-world implications of accounting consulting and to evaluate its influence on the financial stability and efficacy of an enterprise.
The current trends, advantages and disadvantages of using information technologies in the modern world, their development and application in agriculture are substantiated. Having analyzed the data on the structure of the consulting market in Ukraine by segments, it is found that accounting consulting occupies a prominent place in the market of consulting services in Ukraine and is one of the important elements of doing business in the modern world.
The article examines how actively companies use IT technologies and innovative solutions, as well as the provision of accounting advice by various consulting companies, both foreign and domestic. It is noted that the activities of IT companies are considered to be very specific compared to other types of services. This fact is confirmed by legislative acts not only in Ukraine but also in other countries of the world and Europe.
The article considers the peculiarities of the taxation system, rules of profit taxation and certain types of benefits for IT companies, problems of licensing of accounting consulting companies, as well as services provided by consulting firms. The authors suggest ways of developing consulting companies in Ukraine.
It is predicted that in the future, accounting consulting in the IT sector will continue to integrate modern technologies and will focus on analytics and strategic management.