bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gleichgewichtsuntersuchungen an basischen Triphenylmethan-Farbstoffen in Methanol / Investigations of Equilibria on Basic Triphenylmethane-dyes in Methanol
Authors: Broser Waldemar , Fleischhauer Heinrich
Published: February 2015

The pKs* of the equilibrium between the monoacid dyecation and the methylester of twelve organometalically synthesised triphenylmethane dyes were measured spectrophotometrically in methanolic buffer solutions.

The pKs of the water-soluble dyes were used to derive an equation, which allows calculation of the pKs (aqueous) of the water-insoluble dyes.

The experimental equilibrium constants, which can be interpreted by HMO calculations, satisfy the Hammett ρ-σ-equation.
Untersuchungen über Komplexbildungen von Dehydrogenasen mit Coenzymanalogen / Investigations on Complex Formation of Dehydrogenases with Coenzyme Analogues
Authors: Woenckhaus C. , Scherr D.
Published: February 2015

The coenzyme analogue nicotinamide 5-iodouracil-dinucleotide was synthesized by condensation of the two mononucleotides with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in aqueous pyridine. The enzymatic properties of this compound were compared with those of the nicotinamide-uracil-dinucleotide. Both coenzyme analogues reacted slowly when functioning as a hydrogen carrier in enzymatic tests. The properties were similar to those of nicotinamide-benzimidazole-dinucleotide. The difference spectrum between the intact coenzyme analogue and its mononucleotides showed that the intramolecular interaction between the functional and non-functional moiety was smaller than that in NAD. The interaction corresponded to that of nicotinamide-benzimidazole-dinucleotide. The fluorescence excitation spectrum did not show any energy transfer from the non-functional iodouracil to the dihydronicotinamide part of the analogue. Difference spectra between the coenzyme - enzymecomplex and the two isolated components indicated that the unfolded dihydrocoenzyme was bound to the active site of lactate- and alcohol-dehydrogenase, respectively. Furthermore, they showed aromatic interaction of the non-functional part with parts of the protein. Introduction of iodine into the nicotinamide-uracil-dinucleotide did not remarkably alter the behavior of the analogues. As the iodine is bound very strongly to the coenzyme analogue, it may be useful for X-Ray-investigations of the dehydrogenases.
Elektronenmikroskopische Autoradiogramme: Unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit von Photoemulsionen gegenüber Tritium / Autoradiography with the Electron Microscope: Differential Sensitivity of Photographic Emulsions for Tritium
Authors: Hülser Dieter F. , Rajewsky Manfred F.
Published: February 2015

The sensitivity of the photographic emulsion is an important factor in the resolution of autoradiographs at the electron microscopic level. In a number of recent publications, single hit processes have been considered sufficient for the production of developable latent images by tritium electrons. However, since the absorbed energy required for latent image formation in AgBr crystals of commercially available emulsions is of the order of 800 eV, only low energy tritium electrons (up to 3 keV) will produce latent images by single hit processes in small AgBr crystals of about 400 Å diameter. In emulsions with larger AgBr crystals (about 1000 Å diameter), electrons with an energy of up to about 6 keV can be registered by single hit processes. Evidently, latent image formation may also result from multiple hits by electrons of higher energy. Since the energy absorption required for latent image formation is constant, the sensitivity of photographic emulsions must be considered proportional to the diameter of the respective AgBr crystals, unless methods become available for specific sensitization of emulsions with small AgBr crystals.
The Juvenile Hormone-like Effect of Farnesol Derivatives on the Pupal Development of Cerura vinula L.
Authors: Hintze-Podufal Ch.
Published: February 2015

The two synthetic farnesol derivatives, farnesyl methyl ether and the dihydrochloride of ethylfarnesoate were found to be morphogenetically effective in a distinguishable manner in the last larval instar of Cerura vinula L. by topical application assays. The juvenile hormone-like activity of the two substances correlates with the amount of applied substances and a critical time interval to the prepupal processes. In spite of the deficiency of some prepupal processes, it is possible, that the pupal moult occurs after a long period of delay.

The time lapse of the pupal development is suggested to be dependent upon some balance of the hormones of the prothoracic glands, ecdysone, and the juvenile hormone of the corpora allata.
Zur Komplexbildung zwischen Molybdat- und Perjodat-Ionen in wäßrigen Lösungen / Formation of Complexes of Molybdate IV with Periodate-Ions in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Stock H.-P.
Published: February 2015

The existence of two presumed Moe- and Mo7-periodate-complexes in aqueous solutions of various acidity was checked by ultracentrifugation and pH measurements. The experiments showed that only one complex exists and that the extent of protonation is but small.
Einige neue Phosphor-Derivate des 2.2-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-1.3-propandiols (Pentaerythrit) / On the Knowledge of Organophosphorus Compounds, XIII Some New Derivatives of 2.2-Bis- (hydroxymethyl) -1.3-propandiol (Pentaerythrit)
Authors: Del Venthal Jürgen , Kuchen Wilhelm
Published: February 2015

The preparation of 3,9-Dibromo-2,4,8,10,3,9-tetraoxodiphosphospiro- (5,5) -3,9-dithio undecan is described. From this compound or from the analogous dichloro compound the bifunctional dithio acid 3,9-Dithiol-2,4,8,10,3,9-tetraoxodiphosphospiro- (5,5) -dithio undecan, its Na- and K-salt as well as the methylester are obtained. The acid and the alkali salts give coordination polymers with many metal salts.
Zum Mechanismus der katalytischen Hydrierung von Maleinsäuredimethylester und 1-Hepten mit RhH(CO)(PΦ3)3 in Toluol / Mechanism of Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dimethyl-Maleate and 1-Heptene with RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3)3 in Toluene
Authors: Strohmeier W. , Rehder-Stirnweiss W.
Published: February 2015

In contrary to catalytic hydrogenation of 1-hexene and 1-decene with RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3) 3 in benzene in toluene as a solvent the reaction rate r can be represented by the equation

1/r=K/k1·[H2] · [M]0 · [M]0· [Κa]0+Ka]o+1/k1 · [H2] · [Ka]0,

yet, only in a very small concentration range of substrate 1-heptene [=M]. However, if free ligand ΡΦ3, was added to the reaction mixture, formation of the more active catalyst RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3) 2 was supressed and r could be measured only for the catalyst RhH (CO) (ΡΦ3)3
s. In this case kinetic data can be represented by the equation 1/r proportional 1/[M]0.
13C-Chemische Verschiebungen von Aminosäuren und Peptiden / 13C-NMR Chemical Shifts of Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Voelter Wolfgang , Jung Günther , Breitmaier Eberhard , Bayer Ernst
Published: February 2015

Pulse - Fourier - Transform-13C-NMR spectroscopy allowed the direct recording of 13C-NMR spectra of amino acids and peptides with natural abundance of 13C isotopes within a reasonable time. The 13C-signals of more than 50 free and protected amino acids and several peptides were assigned. 13C-NMR spectroscopy gives valuable information about the carbon skeleton, thus offering a new analytical tool for the study of biopolymers and their constituents.
Massenspektren der 1-Dimethylamino-naphthalin-5-sulfonyl-Derivate von Catecholamin-Metaboliten / Mass Spectra of 1-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-Sulfonyl Derivatives of Some Metabolites of Catecholamines
Authors: Egge H. , Ockenfels H. , Thomas H. , Zilliken F.
Published: February 2015

The mass spectra of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl derivatives of the phenolic aldehydes 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, isovanillin and protocatechualdehyde were determined and discussed.
Vergleichende Analyse der nach den Extraktionsmethoden von Kirby und Georgiev aus Mäuseleber extrahierten RNS-Fraktionen / Analysis of the RNA Fractions of Mouse Liver: Comparison of the Extraction Methods of Kirby and Georgiev
Authors: Hennig W. , Kunz W. , Schnieders B. , Williams K.
Published: February 2015

Ribonucleic acids labeled with 14C- or 3H-orotic acids, respectively were extracted from aliquots of mouse liver homogenates according to the cold-phenol-method of Kirby or the method of Georgiev employing different temperature steps.

This comparative analysis showed that only ca. 50% of the total labeled RNA was extracted by the Kirby method. Especially the high molecular D-RNA and R-RNA were not sufficiently extracted, as was demonstrated by hydroxyapatite- and methylalbumin-Kieselgur column chromatography.

Reextraction of the tissue at 65 °C first extracted by the Kirby method resulted in a recovery of most of the missing nucleic acid species.

Therefore, results obtained by the Kirby and Georgiev methods will be different in regard to the nucleic acid composition. These findings could explain contradictary results about this problem in literature.
Effect of proteolytic and lipolytic Enzymes on the Electron Transport Particle Fraction of Rhodospirillum rubrum
Authors: Boll M.
Published: February 2015

Treatment of the electron transport membrane fraction of Rhodospirillum rubrum with phospholipase A from the venom of Naja Naja resulted in a stimulation of NADH- and succinate-cytochrome c-reductase of the electron transfer chain. The mechanism of this stimulation appears to be identical with that found in the presence of the anionic detergent deoxycholate. At the same time the NADH oxidase system is inactivated while NADH- and succinate dehydrogenase remain unaffected. None of the activities mentioned becomes solubilized as the result of phospholipase action; likewise no protein is released. The stimulated activities, the kinetic properties of which remain unchanged, are inactivated by proteases at significantly slower rates than those of particles not treated with phospholipase A. The phospholipases C and D were found to be without any effect on the membranes.

The following additional information was obtained with phospholipase A in the system studied here: The enzyme from Naja Naja venom does not require Ca2⊕ for activity. Phospholipase A prepared from the venom of Crotalus adamanteus is completely ineffective with the electron transfer activities of the particulate fraction.
Wirkung von osmotischem Schock und Triton-Behandlung auf den Sorbose-Transport von Neurospora-Zellen / Effects of osmotic shock and triton treatment on sorbose transport in Neurospora
Authors: Hack Alfons , Klingmüller Walter
Published: February 2015

1. Conidia of Neurospora crassa were either subjected to osmotic shock or treated with the detergent triton X-100. A decrease in the amount of 14C-sorbose taken up, as measured by means of the millipore filter technique, served as criterium for the efficiency of both procedures. Treated cells were either a) pregerminated with fructose, b) ungerminated but preincubated with sorbose or c) ungerminated and not preincubated, to check for a possible loss of fructose-inducible, sorbose-inducible or constitutive transport components respectively.

2. In contrast to reports for bacteria, osmotic shock by transferring conidia from 30 - 60% sucrose solutions to 5·10-4м MgCl2-solution after 5 minutes did not decrease transport activity. Rather there was an increase in the amount of sorbose taken up after such treatment (Table 1). However, if sucrose was replaced by concentrated minearl salts solution (Vogels minimal 4.75 м stock solution) a drastic decrease of sorbose uptake was observed in conidia pregerminated with fructose (Fig. 1).

Ungerminated conidia preincubated with sorbose did not respond to a shock with mineral salts solution; they did however respond, if 2% triton was added to the salts solution (Table 2). Triton alone was uneffective under comparable conditions (Table 2), but it became effective if the triton concentration was increased and the duration of treatment was extended to 30 minutes (Fig. 2). Ungerminated, not preincubated conidia showed the same reduction of sorbose uptake if treated with triton in this way (Fig. 2).

3. Whenever a decrease of sorbose uptake was observed, it was correlated with a decrease in cell survival. However, the amount of killing does not suffice to explain in full the decrease in sorbose uptake per sample. Thus even surviving cells demonstrate a decrease of sorbose uptake, the reasons for which are considered as follows:

a) Cells preloaded with 14C-sorbose show the same rate of sorbose efflux, whether shocked with mineral salts solution or not (Fig. 3). The shock therefore does not cause an unspecific leakiness of the cell wall or membrane.

b) Oxygen consumption in cell suspensions, as measured by an oxygen macro electrode, is strongly retarded for fructose pregerminated cells which have been shocked with mineral salts solution (Fig. 4). This retardation together with killing is fully sufficient to explain the decrease in sorbose uptake observed. Ungerminated cells preincubated with sorbose do not show this effect, not even after prolonged treatment with triton, when their ability to take up sorbose is reduced. Hence, in such material a loss of specific transport components is indicated.
Die Fettsäuren der Sekundär-Carotinoid-Ester von Ankistrodesmus braunii (Naegeli) Collins (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales) / Fatty Acids of Esters of Secondary Carotenoids from Ankistrodesmus braunii (Naegeli) Collins (Chlorophyta, Chlorococcales)
Authors: Czygan Franz-Christian , Eichenberger Waldemar
Published: February 2015

Three fractions of carotenoid esters (I, II, and III) were isolated from nitrogen-deficient cells of the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii. I and II are composed of diesters of astaxanthin with C16-, C18(2 =)-, and C18(3 =)-acids in different combinations. Ill consists of monoesters of 3-oxi-3′,4,4′trioxo-β-arotene with C18(2 =)-, and C18(3 =)-acids. The pattern of fatty acids of the total lipids is quite different from that of the ester fractions I, II, and III (see table 1). Therefore it has been concluded from this selective esterification that specific enzymatic reactions occur even in old nitrogen-deficient algae.
Bindung von Thallium(I) durch Hexacyanoferrate(II) / Binding by Hexacyanoferrates (II) of Thallium (I)
Authors: Dvorák P.
Published: February 2015

The salts of FeIII, CoII, and NiIII form precipitates with Na4- or K4 [FeII(CN)6], the so-called mixed hexacyanoferrates (II) (HCF). Experiments with radioactive tracers (24Na, 42K, 59FeIII, 60CoII, 59FeII(CN),4⊖, and 204TlI) have shown that the composition of HCF depends on the nature as well as on the initial concentration of the metal ions involved and can be described by the general formula ExMzR·n E Y. Ε stands for univalent cations (e.g. H⨁, Na⨁, K⨁, Tl⨁, and others more), M for a heavy metal ion, R for Fe(CN)6
4⊖, and Y for anions (e. g. Cl⊖, SO4
2⊖, OH®). The mixed HCF are cation- and anion-exchangers, the equilibrium between solid and liquid phase depending on the nature and concentration of cations and anions in both phases. The binding stability of cations increases proportionally to the effective ionic radius: H⊕<Na⊕<K⊕<Tl⊕. Because of its favourable ionic radius, Tl⊕ exhibits a high affinity towards the mixed HCF and can be separated from solution with a high efficiency.
Beiträge Zur Chemie Des Hydrazins Und Seiner Derivate XXIII / Contributions To The Chemistry Of Hydrazine And Its Derivatives XXIII
Authors: Linke K.-H. , Taubert R. , Bister K. , Bornatsch W. , Liem B. J.
Published: February 2015

With barium hydrazide, which is easily to prepare and relatively harmless to handle, some addition-, substitution- and reduction-reactions were carried out. Partially we could get the same, partially however other products than by the analogous reactions with the normally used, but highly explosive sodium hydrazide. Especially the formation of the azo-compound H5C6-CH2-CH2-N = N-CH2-CH2-C6H5 and of H5C6-C(NH)-NH-NH-C(NH)-C6H5 by the addition of barium hydrazide to styrene resp. benzoic nitrile was remarkable.
Covalent Binding of Polypeptides to Sulfonium Resins
Authors: Fontana Angelo , Veronese Francesco M. , Boccu’ Enrico
Published: February 2015

Basic dimethyl-arylmethylene-sulfonium resins (L. C. DORMAN and J. LOVE, J. org. Chemistry 34, 158 [1969] have been used as reactive supports for the covalent binding of N-protected as well as N-unprotected peptides through a benzyl ester linkage. Example are given of effective coupling of peptides of rather long sequence, the quantity of peptide linked being up to 0.5 μmole per mg of resin. The method could find practical use in the solid state degradation of polypeptides.
Monosodium Derivatives of Acetoacetanilide and Benzoylacetanilide
Authors: Syamal A.
Published: February 2015

Monosodium derivatives of acetoacetanilide and benzoylacetanilide are synthesized and characterized. The effect of conjugate chelation on carbonyl stretching frequency has been studied by comparing the infrared and ultraviolet spectra of acetoacetanilide and benzoylacetanilide, and their monosodium derivatives. Ultraviolet spectra suggest structural differences between the monosodium derivatives and the corresponding enolates.
Direct and Abscopal Antitumor Action of Local Hyperthermia
Authors: Goldenberg D. M. , Langner M.
Published: February 2015

Growth-inhibition of GW-77 human colonic tumors growing in hamster cheek pouches was found to be proportional to the duration of heating the exposed tumors by 4 °C with short-wave diathermy. A maximal tumor growth-inhibition of 35 per cent resulted from administration of a daily 30 min. heating period repeated on 7 consecutive days. Further, hyperthermia to the left cheek pouch tumors resulted in growth-inhibition of the contralateral, presumably normothermic, cheek pouch tumors, thus causing us to question whether hyperthermia has abscopal antitumor effects.
Biochemische Darstellung stereospezifish Wasserstoff-markierter Verbindungen im präparativen Maßstab III. Gewinnung von [2.3-H*](2R,3R)-Carbonsäuren und Derivaten durch Fermentation oder Austausch mit Clostridium kluyveri / Biochemical Synthesis of Stereospecifically Hydrogen Labelled Compounds in a Preparative Scale III. Preparation of [2,3-H*](2R,3R) -Carbonic Acids and Derivatives by Fermentation or Exchange with Clostridium kluyveri
Authors: La Roche Hans-Jürgen , Simon Helmut , Kellner Max , Günther Helmut
Published: February 2015

Clostridium kluyveri ferments crotonate in D2O or H2O/ΗΤΟ and forms [2,3-H] (2R,3R) -butyrate. This was chemically converted to [1,2-H]*(1R,2R) -propylamine, [2-H] (2R) -propylamine, [2-H] (2R) -propionate and [1-H] (1R) -ethylamine. ORD curves of the deuterated compounds have been measured.

C. kluyveri ferments also other α,β-enoyl compounds and shows exchange reactions with butyrate homologues and derivatives.
Studies on Lactams
Authors: Chatterjee Basanta G. , Nyss Noel L.
Published: February 2015

The intramolecular alkylation of haloamides 18 where there is similar opportunity for formation of four member as well as of six member rings, leads to the formation of β-lactams rather than that of six member rings. The study further shows that when the activity on the methyne hydrogen is simultaneously afforded by an aliphatic carbonyl and phenyl substituents, cyclisation can be effected by the weak base triethylamine. The paper records the synthesis of two unique dumbell shaped β-lactams 19.
A Simple Method of Preparation of Labelled Peptides Possessing Antibiotic Properties
Authors: Havránek Miloš , Vereš Karel
Published: February 2015

Preparation of derivatives of peptide antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin- substituted on free amino groups by aminoacyl residues is described. The first procedure is based on the condensation of the antibiotic with active ester of a suitably protected amino acid. The second one makes use of Woodward’s reagent by condensation of the antibiotic with a protected amino acid. The following compounds were prepared: glycyl-14C-polymyxin B and glutaminyl-polymyxin B and glycylcolistin, also under conditions suitable for a radioactive synthesis. All the preparations preserve a substantial part of the biological activity comparable with polymyxin B and colistin.
Dielectric Studies of Aggregation Phenomena with Separated α and β Chains of Human Hemoglobin
Authors: Schlecht Peter
Published: February 2015

The concentration dependence of the dielectric dispersion between 100 kHz and 15 MHz has been investigated for separated α and β chains of human hemoglobin. It is shown that such dielectric measurements can give very detailed information on aggregation phenomena. Specific dielectric increments and dipole moments of monomeric and aggregated chains could be obtained.
Über die Ionen-Abhängigkeit des Rezeptorpotentials der Retina von Astacus leptodactylus / The Ion-dependence of the Receptor Potential of the Visual Cell of the Crayfish
Authors: Stieve H. , Wirth Chr.
Published: February 2015

The mass response of the photoreceptor cells of the isolated crayfish-retina (Astacus leptodactylus) (receptor potential ReP) resulting from short and long light stimuli, has been measured with external electrodes.

The ionic composition of the saline by which the preparation was perfused was changed and the influence of those changes on the ReP was measured under constant stimulus conditions.

When all sodium ions are substituted by potassium ions, the height of the ReP is reversibly both decreased and shortened (Figs. 3 and 4).

When all sodium ions are almost substituted by choline ions, (the remaining sodium concentration at the photoreceptor cells being less than 1 mMol/Z) the sensitivity to light adaptation is drastically and reversibly increased. Mainly due to light adaptation the ReP becomes smaller and shorter whereas the latency period increases (Figs. 5 - 8).

If the concentration of extracellular calcium is reduced to less than 0.1 mMol/l, the decrease of the REP is considerably and reversibly slowed down while the increase of the REP remains almost unchanged (Fig. 9). If magnesium ions are also lacking the effect is even more pronounced (Figs. 10 and 11).

All these changes of the ReP are probably due to actions of the ions on the membrane of the photoreceptor cells or its immediate vicinity.

The results do not allow an unequivocal decision whether the ReP is due to an increased conductance (CIM) of the photoreceptor cell membrane or due to a change in the action of an electrogenic ion pump (EPM). But considering the results as a whole, and especially those from the low Ca- and low Mg-experiments, it seems unlikely that the ReP is caused by an EPM.
Fettextraktion bei —78 °C: Nachweis im Gefrierätzbild / Fat Extraction at — 78 °C: Demonstration by Freeze-Etching
Authors: Richter Hanno , Sleytr Uwe
Published: February 2015

A model system consisting of oil droplets in a glycerol-water matrix was freeze-cleaved and subjected to prolonged treatment with diethyl-ether at dry ice temperature before etching and shadowing. Dissolution of droplets became visible after some hours. Complete fat extraction resulted in a uniform appearance of the replica with holes replacing the droplets. Possibilities of this new method for the demonstration of membrane lipids in vitrified cells are discussed.
Der thermische Abbau von Americium(III)-oxalat, -formiat und -carbonat / Thermal Decomposition of Americium (III) -oxalate, -formiate, and -carbonate
Authors: Weigel F. , Meer N. Ter
Published: February 2015

The thermal decomposition of americium (III) -oxalate-decahydrate, americium (III)-formiate-0,2-hydrate, and americium (III) -carbonate-2-hydrate was studied by using mass spectromertic identification of gaseous decomposition products and X-ray identification of solid residues. The oxalate decomposition proceeded via four different hydration steps to the anhydrous oxalate, Am2 (C2O4)3, which decomposed to the anhydrous carbonate Am2 (CO3) 3. This, in turn, was decomposed to Am2O3 wia two intermediate carbonates Am2O (CO3) 2 and Am2O2CO3. — The decomposition of Am (HCOO)3 · 0,2 H2O proceeded to Am2O2CO3, which yielded Am2O3 on further heating. As an intermediate a formiate AmO(HCOO) seemed to be formed. The decomposition of Am2(CO3)3 · 2 H2O proceeded to the anhydrous compound, which then follows the same decomposition pattern as the anhydrous carbonate formed by decomposition of the anhydrous oxalate.
Halbstufen-Reduktionspotentiale Bor-substituierter Benzolderivate / Half-Wave Reduction Potentials of Boron Substituted Benzene Derivatives
Authors: Bock Hans , Fuss Werner
Published: February 2015

The reversible one-electron insertion into mono- and 1,4-di-substituted benzene derivatives is favored by dialkoxyboron and especially by dialkylboron groups. The assumption that it should be the symmetric e2u benzene molecular orbital which is occupied in the resulting radical anions can be supported by comparison of ESR coupling constants.
Über BaPrO3 und BaTbO3 / On BaPrO3 and BaTbO3
Authors: Kemmler-Sack Sibylle , Hofelich Ingeborg
Published: February 2015

The ternary oxides BaPrO3 and BaTbO3 crystallize in a slightly rhombic distorted perovskite lattice. According to the results of the optical and magnetic investigations both compounds contain also Pr3
⊕) and Tb3
⊕, respectively.
Studies of the Substituent Effect in Aromatic Systems by Chlorine Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (35Cl-NQR). Chloroanilinium Salts, [ClxC6Η5-xΝΗ3
⊕]Χ⊖ with X⊖. =Cl⊖, Br⊖, etc.
Authors: Pies W. , Weiss Alarich
Published: February 2015

The 35Cl-NQR spectra of 27 chloroanilinium salts, [ClxC6H5-xNH3
⊕] X⊖, mainly chlorides and bromides, were investigated at 77 °K. The 35Cl-NQR frequencies were tentatively assigned to certain chlorine atoms at the benzene ring. The substituent influence of the — NH3
⊕X⊖ group is discussed in terms of the NQR substituent parameter x. The electron attracting power of this group is clearly revealed. It decreases in the order ortho > meta > para of the substitution at the benzene ring with regard to the chlorine position. The substituent parameters x and σ(Hammett) are compared for the —NH3
⊕X⊖ group and the — NH2 group. The anion in the anilinium salts, Xe, seems to have no influence on the charge distribution within the aromatic system.
Formation of Inter-Strand Cross-Linkings in the Photoreactions between Furocoumarins and DNA
Authors: Dall’Acqua F. , Marciani S. , Ciavatta L. , Rodighiero G.
Published: February 2015

A furocoumarin intercalated between two base pairs of native DNA can photoreact with two pyrimidine bases engaging both its 4',5'- and its 3,4-double bond. This fact was evidenced studying the behaviour of the fluorescence acquired by DNA during irradiation at 365 nm. When this double reaction occurs, a cross-linking is formed between the two strands of DNA, as denaturation and renaturation experiments have demonstrated. The various furocoumarin derivatives have a very diverse ability to form cross-linkages, which is independent of their photobinding capacity. This different ability is due mainly to the structure of furocoumarins and to the steric relationships that the intercalated furocoumarin molecules have with the stacked pyrimidine bases.
Protonenresonanz-spektroskopische Untersuchungen am 1.2-Diphenyl-cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyl. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Bindungsverhältnisse im komplex-gebundenen Cyclobutadien / The Proton Resonance Spectrum of 1,2-Diphenyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl. An Investigation on Bonding Properties in Complex Stabilized Cyclobutadiene
Authors: Brune Hans Albert , Hüther Hans , Hanebeck Hans
Published: February 2015

The complete proton resonance spectrum of 1.2-diphenyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl was measured including all observable 13C-H-coupling constants within the four-membered ring. The couplings were assigned. Their analysis excludes the structure of a rectangular cyclobutadiene with alternating double and single bonds; the carbon-carbon bonds of the four-membered ring have nearly uniform bond orders.
Biosynthese von Cyanidin in Zellsuspensionskulturen von Haplopappus gracilis / Biosynthesis of Cyanidin in Cell Suspension Cultures of Haplopappus gracilis
Authors: Fritsch Hansjörg , Hahlbrock Klaus , Grisebach Hans
Published: February 2015

Earlier work with buckwheat seedlings showed that dihydrokaempferol (3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxyflavanone) (1) is a good precursor for cyanidin and quercetin. Since cell suspension cultures have several advantages for the quantitative comparison of the incorporation of a radioactive precursor into a product, the role of 1 in the biosynthesis of cyanidin was reinvestigated with cell cultures of Haplopappus gracilis. These cultures show good production of cyanidin-glycosides in blue light in a medium containing sucrose, 2,4-D and Fe-EDTA. Maximum anthocyanin production and maximal activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is reached about 60 — 70 hrs. after the onset of illumination. The incorporation of 1 and of phenylalanine and 4,2′,4′,6′-tetrahydroxychalcone into cyanidin was compared under identical conditions after 1, 3 and 6 hrs. feeding time. 1 prooved to be by far the best precursor for cyanidin. The feeding time required was much shorter and the incorporation rates were much higher than in experiments with seedlings.
On the Mechanism of Benzoquinone Penetration and Photoreduction by Whole Cells
Authors: Gimmler H. , Avron M.
Published: February 2015

Short time treatment of intact Porphyridium cruentum cells with benzoquinone results in changes of the cell membranes, which lead to a higher permeability. This increased permeability allows the measurements of photosynthetic electron transport reactions with various electron donors, ac. ceptors and mediators, which cannot enter untreated cells. The capacity of benzoquinone to act as a Hill - reagent in vivo is interpreted as due to a double action of this compound: changing the permeability of the cells by reacting with the cell membrane coupled with the ability of the unreacted molecules to serve as electron acceptors.
Untersuchungen über die Bindung pflanzlicher Wuchsstoffe an verschiedene Komponenten des Chromatins in vitro. I. Bindung an DNS / Investigations Upon the Binding of Plant Growth Substances to Several Components of the Chromatin in vitro. I. Binding to DNA
Authors: Fellenberg Günter
Published: February 2015

At pH 9,5 the DNA absorption maximum at 190 nm was shifted to 212 nm. This absorption maximum showed a bathochrome effect in the presence of IAA, GA and KI. The amplitude of this maximum was reduced at the same time. By addition of urea (0.1 —2.0 moles/l) the bathochrome effect, induced by the growth substances, was completely reversed, whereas application of NaCl (0.1 — 2.0 moles/l) did not affect the bathochrome movement of this DNA maximum. At pH 6.0 in the presence of 0.9% NaCl this DNA maximum did not show any visible bathochrome movement in the presence of the growth substances investigated. The DNA maximum at 260 nm did not show any alteration in the presence of growth substances.

The thermal denaturation of DNA-complexes with IAA and GA showed, that with increasing concentration of these growth substances, the Tm-value of the DNA was reduced. On the other hand, KI increased the Tm-point of DNA. By biphasic melting at 260 nm and 280 nm no specific effect of the investigated growth substances on the stability of the A — T or G—C pairs was detected.

Tryptophan and β-NAA closely related in structure to the auxins IAA and α-NAA did not reduce the Tm-value of DNA.

At pH < 7 IAA, GA and KI did not show any detectable influence on the Tm-value of DNA.

The data presented show that at a pH > 7 IAA, GA and KI are obviously bound to DNA by hydrogen bonds. There is evidence that these bonds are very unstable. Nevertheless, IAA and GA can loosen part of the hydrogen bonds of DNA double helix while KI cannot. Possible consequences of these growth substance effects on DNA are discussed.
Kinetische Analyse von Modellreaktionen zur Enzymkatalyse durch Reaktionsspektren, Extinktionsdifferenzen-Diagramme und formale Integration / Kinetic Analysis of Model Reactions for Enzyme Catalysis using Kinetic Spectra, Absorbance-difference Diagrams and Formal Integration
Authors: Lachmann H. , Mauser H. , Schneider F. , Wenck H.
Published: February 2015

The significance of isosbestic points and absorbance-difference diagrams for testing the “Einheitlichkeit” (“uniformity”) of a reaction is discussed by use of the imidazole catalysed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate as an example. The analysis was based on kinetic spectra E(λ)t1, t2,..., tn and time dependant absorbance values at various wave lengths E (t) λ1, λ2,..., λm measured preferably in the same reaction vessel. The (pseudo-) first-order rate constants were calculated from the absorbance-time curves E(t))λ by formal integration. The kinetic constants of the various reaction steps were used for digital simulation of the total reaction by an electronic computer. The evaluation methods described need neither extinction coefficients nor experimentally determined E∞ values but make it possible to compute them.
Isocyanate und verwandte Verbindungen des trimeren Phosphornitriddifluorids / Isocyanates and Related Compounds of Trimeric Phosphor-difluoronitride
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Janssen Enno
Published: February 2015

P3N3F5NCO was prepared by reaction of P3N3F5NSO with (COCl) 2. Substituted amides were obtained from the reaction of P3N3F5NSO with carbonic acids e. g. P3N3F5NHCOCH3, P3N3F5NHCOC2H5, and P3N3F5NHCOC3H7. If these substances were treated with PCl5 the following compounds P3N3F5N = CClCH3, P3N3F5N = CClCH5, and P3N3F5TN = CClC3H7 were formed. They reacted with nucleophiles to give P3N3F5N = CNH2CH3, P3N3F5N = TN (CH3) 2C2H5, and P3N3F5N = CN (CH3) 2CH7. The properties of these compounds are described. They were characterized by elemental analysis and IR-spectra. 19F-, 1H-NMR, and mass spectra are reported.
Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Calcium Sulphate heated to High Temperatures
Authors: Bensted John , Varma Satya Prakash
Published: February 2015

Infrared spectroscopic investigations have shown that on the basis of changes in the ν3, SO4 band which occur when calcium sulphate is heated from 400° to 1400 °C, there are two forms of insoluble anhydrite, designated as β′- and β-CaSO4. β′-CaSO4 is metastable and is completely converted into β-CaSO4 by heating above 1000 °C. With longer heating periods this conversion can even take place at lower temperatures. β-CaSO4 is stable and is of the same type as the naturally occurring form of anhydrite.
Cell Cycle Analysis and Stimulation of Rat Kangaroo Cells (PtK2) after Pulse Labeling
Authors: Lorenz Peter R. , Ainsworth John W.
Published: February 2015

The phases of the cell cycle of Potorous tridactylus (PtK2) cells were determined in vitro by analysis of labeled mitoses for 37-½ hours after a tritiated thymidine pulse. The mean duration of DNA synthesis (tS) was 8 h. The mean duration of the gap phase before appearance of labeled mitoses was 5 h. Whereas the duration of the cell cycle (tC) based on analysis of labeled mitoses was 30 h, the doubling time (tD) derived from cell counts in the same cultures was only about 23 h. The analysis of the indices of labeled nuclei and mitoses suggests a stimulation of cells at the time of pulse labeling, which was maximal after beginning of the gap phase before DNA-synthesis, and possibly caused the observed difference between tC and tD.
Mößbauer- und Raman-Spektren von Fe(O2PF2)3 und Fe(O2PCl2)3 / Mössbauer- and Raman-Spectra of Fe (O2PF2) 3 and Fe (O2PCl2)3
Authors: Pebler J. , Dehnicke K.
Published: February 2015

From Mössbauer spectra of Fe (O2PF2)3 and Fe (O2PCl2) follows a distortion of the symmetric octahedral environment of Fe (III). Whereas in Fe (O2PCl2)3 only O-Atoms are ligands of Fe (III) in Fe (O2PF2) 3 both O- and F-Atoms have ligand-functions.

Simple ionic forces between Fe (III) and the Dihalogenphosphatogroups are excluded as a result of Raman spectra.
Substitution von NO-Brücken in [C5H5Co(NO)]2 durch Drei-Elektronen-Liganden / Substitution of NO-Bridges in [C5H5Co (NO)] 2 by Three-Electron-Ligands
Authors: Brunner Henri , Loskot Stephan
Published: February 2015

[C5H5Co (NO)] 2 reacts with C6H5SSC6H5 to give the complex C5H5Co (SC6H5) (NO) CoC5H5, in which one NO bridge is substituted by SC6H5. With C6H5SeSeC6H5 and (C6H5) 2PP (C6H5) 2 instead of C6H5SSC6H5 the analogous products, C5H5Co (SeC6H5) (NO) CoC5H5 and C5H5Co[(CeH5)2P]-(NO)CoC5H5, are obtained. The structure of each of the new complexes is established by IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry. The similar compounds C5H5Co (J) (NO) CoC5H5 and C5H5Co (Br)-(NO)CoC5H5 have not yet been isolated. However, peaks from ions due to the latter compounds are found in the mass spectra of C5H5Co (NO) J and C5H5Co (NO) Br respectively.
Das Verhalten von P2J4 in Lösung / The Behaviour of P2l4 in Solution
Authors: Baudler M. , Junkes P. , Sadri G.
Published: February 2015

The changes of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of P2I4-CS2 solutions and of molecular weights of P2I4 in benzene with time have shown that in inert solvents a gradual disproportionation occurs with formation of PI3. White Phosphorus, P4, is not formed by this process. Instead the initially formed disproportionation product with higher Phosphorus content changes into a polymeric solid PnI by cleavage of PI3, which accounts for the increasing displacement of disproportionation equilibrium. The UV spectrum of P2I4 in n-Hexan is reported. The molar extinction coefficients indicate a considerable delocalization of unshared electron pairs of the Phosphorus atoms.
Über die Biogenese von Aromastoffen bei Pflanzen und Früchten / About the Biogenesis of Aroma-Substances in Plants and Fruits
Authors: Tressl Roland , Drawert Friedrich
Published: February 2015

Banana slices metabolize 8-14C-octanoic acid via β-oxidation to ketones, alcohols, and fatty acids depending on the climacteric state of the fruits. Simultaneously, esterification of the octanoic acid and its reduction to octanol take place. The latter was found as alkyl component in various esters.

As the typical banana-aroma component cis-hepten- (4) -ol- (2) was found. The position of the double bond was determined by treatment with osmium tetroxide, sililation of the resulting hydroxycompound, and mass spectrometric fragmentation.

Strawberries have a similar composition of the aroma but cis-hepten- (4) -ol- (2) was not formed.

The occurence of 14C-labelled oenanth- and valeric acid is explained by α-oxidation.
I. The Inhibition of Cellular Protein Synthesis in HeLa Cells after Infection with Active and Inactivated Poliovirus
Authors: Koschel Klaus , Täuber Helmut , Wecker Eberhard
Published: February 2015

Evidence is presented that the genome of the infecting poliovirus must be intact in order to achieve inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. Viral particles with a single lethal hit by treatment with hydroxylamine no longer participate in the inhibitory action of the virus. De novo protein synthesis is required for the inhibition to occur. The synthesis of cellular m-RNA is not necessary.
Untersuchungen über die Ultrastruktur von Saprolegnia monoica / Ultrastructural Studies of Saprolegnia monoica
Authors: Hagedorn Herbert , Weinert Heinz
Published: February 2015

In the tip region of a young hyphae vesicles with a diameter of 0.18 μ and vacuoles form the “Spitzenkörper”. This special differentiation is missed in old stages of hyphae. The vesicles enlarge the CM. The lomasomes in the transitional region serve for the synthesis of cell wall substances. Nuclearenvelope, ER, dictyosomes, vesicles and CM are accounted as a connecting system. The dictyogenesis from vesicles of the ER or the nuclear envelope is described. The mitochondria which occur different in the regions of the hyphae form potlike stages which contain lipoid droplets in their inside. Furthermore there occur isolated lipoid droplets which are in exchange with “polygonale bodies”, which are considered as glycoproteids. Multivesicular bodies, ER-vesicles and vacuoles are described too.
Chelating Tendencies of some N-(2-Acyl-1,3-Indandione) Tri Alkyl Ammonium Iodides
Authors: Bachlaus M. K. , Menaria K. L. , Nath P.
Published: February 2015

The L-T.M.A.I. and L-T.E.A.I. have been synthesised and their dissociation constants are 7.943 × 10-10 and 1.413 × 10-10 respectively. The potentiometric studies show that these reagents form 1 : 1 complex with copper (II) and iron (II). The stability constants of copper complex and iron complex with L-T.M.A.I. are 5.75 and 6.05 respectively and for L-T.E.A.I., 5.97 and 6.215 respectively. The free energy of complex formation at 25°C are 7841 cals/mole and 8150 cals/mole for Cu(II) -L-T.M.A.I. and Fe(II) -L-T.M.A.I. respectively, whereas the free energy of the Cu(II) -L-T.E.A.I. and Fe(II) -L-T.E.A.I. are 8141 cals/mole and 8375 cals/mole respectively.
Formation Constants of some Bivalent Metal Ion Chelates of N(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene) Anthranilic Acid (Schiff Base)
Authors: Mehta R. K. , Singhi V. C. , Gupta R. K.
Published: February 2015

Protonation constants (log K1
H and log K2H) of the Schiff base derived from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and anthranilic acid and, the formation constants of certain bivalent metal ion chelates have been determined potentiometrically in 50 per cent (vol./vol.) dioxan solutions (μ= 0.1 м NaClO4). The stabilities of these metal chelates are in the order, UO2 > Cu > Ni > Co > Zn > Cd, in which the sequence of those of first transitional metal ion chelates are in agreement with Irving and Williams order.
Actinomin und 4.6-Didesmethyl-4.6-di-tert.-butyl-actinomin-Modellverbindungen zum Studium der Actinomycin/DNA-Wechselwirkung / Actinomine and 4,6-Didemethyl-di-tert-butyl-actinomine-Model Compounds for Studies of the Actinomycin-DNA Interaction
Authors: Seela Frank
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of actinomine, a model compound for the investigation of the actinomycin-DNA interaction is discribed. In place of the pentapeptide lactone rings, actinomin has N,N-diethyl-ethylenediamine groups; it binds to DNA as strongly as actinomycin C1 (D) does. Additional replacement of the 4,6 methyl groups of the chromophore by tert-butyl residues strongly reduces the binding of actinomine to DNA. This result is consistent with intercalation of the actinomine chromophore between the DNA base-pairs, a reaction that is sterically blocked by the tert-butyl groups.
Die verzweigten Fettsäuren von Staphylococcus aureus, eine gaschromatographisch-massenspektrometrische Analyse / The Branched Chain Fatty Acids of Staphylococcus aureus, a Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Analysis
Authors: Egge Heinz , Murawski Uwe , Chatranon Wirapong , Zilliken Fritz
Published: February 2015

The fatty acid methylesters prepared by transesterification of the total lipid extract of Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 were analysed by gas chromatography on thin film capillaries coated with polyphenylether (OS 138), siliconerubber (SE 30) and S.C.O.T. columns coated with Diethyleneglycoladipatepolyester (DEGA) in combination with mass spectrometry. Among the branched chain fatty acids ranging from C11- C21 the iso- and anteiso-C15 acids are predominant.

In the group of the C15 and C17 acids branching in position 9 and 10 was also found. No unsaturated branched chain fatty acids could be detected. Retention data and mass spectra of the branched chain fatty acids are presented.
Porphyrinsynthesis in Isolated Particles from Tissue Cultures of Tobacco
Authors: Schneider Hansjörg A. W.
Published: February 2015

Particles from green and white tissue cultures of Nicotiana tabacum were fractionated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. Besides mitochondria, microbodies and (broken) chloroplasts particles were found able to metabolize 5-amino-levulinate to porphobilinogen and porphobilinogen to uroporphyrinogen. Succinyl-CoA was not synthetized by them but by mitochondria. The porphyrin forming particles had a density of about 1.21 g/cm3 and were accumulated in fractions between mitochondria (1.19 g/cm3) and microbodies (1.23 g/cm3). Small differencies in density were found between particles from white and green tissue cultures. The data available suggest that the porphyrin synthetizing particles are proplastids or leucoplasts.
II. The RNA Replication of Hydroxylamine-inactivated Polioviruses
Authors: Borgert Karin , Wecker Eberhard , Koschel Klaus
Published: February 2015

If cells are exposed to a mixture of hydroxylamine inactivated and infectious viruses the total rate of viral RNA-replication is lower than if the cells are infected with the same number of infectious viruses alone. This inhibitory influence of inactivated viruses depends on the ratio of infectious: inactivated viruses in the inoculum. One lethal hit by hydroxylamine suffices to produce the effect. In fact, viruses with few lethal hits inhibit more strongly than those with many lethal hits in their genome.

There is also no replication of viral RNA with lethal hits if the cells are infected simultaneously both with active and inactive virus.
K-Absorption Spectral Investigations on Some Cobalt Complexes Involving Sulphur-Ligands
Authors: Nigam H. L. , Srivastava U. C.
Published: February 2015

K-absorption edges of Cobalt in some complexes involving sulphur-ligands have been examined. The ligand-field splitting of 3d-orbitals is found to show up in the low energy region of the K-edge. These complexes have large 10 Dq values as estimated from electronic spectra. Edge-widths and edge-shifts have been measured and their correlation respectively to coordination stoichiometry and valency of the metal ion has been discussed. Splitting of the K-absorption maximum has been observed.
Theoretical Study of Furotropones
Authors: Zambelli N. , Trinajstić N.
Published: February 2015

Furotropones are predicted to be non-aromatic bicyclic molecules with polyenoid structures.
Ein biologisch wirksames Peptid aus der Haut der Neunaugen (Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi) / A Biological Active Peptide in the Skin of Lampreys (Eudontomyzon danfordi vladykovi)
Authors: Fischer G. , Albert W.
Published: February 2015

In this paper two biological active peptides isolated from lampreys are described and characterized. We found that these peptides are located in the skin and are active on isolated organs and on blood pressure. These two peptides could be separated by chromatographic methods: it could be demonstrated that most of the activity is due to a bradykininlike peptide.
Molecular Interaction of ʟ-Tryptophan with Bases, Ribonucleosides and DNA
Authors: Arcaya G. , Pantoja M. E. , Pieber M. , Romero C. , Tohá J. C.
Published: February 2015

The interaction of L-aromatic aminoacids with bases and nucleosides is described.

Of these, ʟ-tryptophan interacts more strongly with bases and nucleosides as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and solubility measurements.

A possible ring-ring type interaction between the aminoacid and bases or nucleosides is proposed; this interaction being such that the hydrodinamic behaviour of the DNA molecule is unchanged.

Ultra violet irradiated DNA is protected by ʟ-tryptophan. A mechanism of energy transfer from the DNA to tryptophan trough triplet-triplet states is discussed.
Über ein Glykolipopeptid aus Chloroplasten und sein serologisches Verhalten / On a Glycolipopeptide from Chloroplasts and its Serological Properties
Authors: Wyk Doris Hiedemann-Van
Published: February 2015

The methanol-ether extract of chloroplasts contains an ether-insoluble part which after purification was classified as a glycolipopeptide. This fraction can be precipitated by the antisera to the lamellar system of chloroplasts. By immunisation of rabbits with this compound, a glycolipopeptideantiserum was obtained. This antiserum precipitates the glycolipopeptide. There was only one precipitation line in the diffusion test. This antiserum agglutinates stroma-freed chloroplasts and precipitates the ultrasonic supernatant and the structural protein of stroma-freed chloroplasts. It must be concluded from the results of the agglutination inhibition experiments, that the reactive groups of the glycolipopeptide, in regard to the lamellar system antiserum, are the same as those of the structural protein and the supernatant of the sonicated lamellar system. The annulment of the immunreaction after periodate treatment points to the role of carbohydrates as the determinant groups.