bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association studies combined with k‐fold cross‐validation identify rs17822931 as an ancestry‐informative marker in Han Chinese population
Authors: Li Zheng , Wu Jiayi , Yang Jiawen , Li Kai , Chen Ji , Huang Shuainan , Ji Qiang , Kong Xiaochao , Xie Sumei , Zhan Wenxuan , Zhang Beilei , Ye Ke , Liu Qingfan , Mao Zhengsheng , Cao Yue , Huang Huijie , Yu Youjia , Wang Kang , Yu Yanfang , Li Ding , Chen Feng , Chen Peng
Published: May 2023

DNA‐based ancestry inference has long been a research hot spot in forensic science. The differentiation of Han Chinese population, such as the northern‐to‐southern substructure, would benefit forensic practice. In the present study, we enrolled participants from northern and southern China, each participant was genotyped at ∼400 K single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and data of CHB and CHS from 1000 Genomes Project were used to perform genome‐wide association analyses. Meanwhile, a new method combining genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analyses with k‐fold cross‐validation in a small sample size was introduced. As a result, one SNP rs17822931 emerged with a p‐value of 7.51E − 6. We also simulated a huge dataset to verify whether k‐fold cross‐validation could reduce the false‐negative rate of GWAS. The identified ABCC11 rs17822931 has been reported to have allele frequencies varied with the geographical gradient distribution in humans. We also found a great difference in the allele frequency distributions of rs17822931 among five different cohorts of the Chinese population. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that even small‐scale GWAS can also have potential to identify effective loci with implemented k‐fold cross‐validation method and shed light on the potential maker of rs17822931 in differentiating the north‐to‐south substructure of the Han Chinese population.
6‐Gingerol induces browning of white adipose tissue to improve obesity through PI3K/AKT‐RPS6‐mediated thermogenesis pathway
Authors: Alhamoud Yasmin , Wu Junhao , Ahmad Muhammad Ijaz , Chen Fang , Feng Fengqin , Wang Jing
Published: May 2023

The browning of white fat has become a hot topic as it could help to lose weight and improve metabolic health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the in vivo browning or thermogenesis effect of 6‐gingerol (6G), a natural bioactive compound of ginger, and to clarify the underlying mechanism. The results showed that 6G limited weight gain, improved cold tolerance, and increased energy expenditure in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. Moreover, histological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 6G activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced more beige cells in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT). Meanwhile, eWAT browning was marked by appearance of multilocular lipid droplets, a higher level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), and increased mitochondrial content. The potential molecular mechanism of eWAT browning was further investigated by RNA‐seq, qPCR, and western blot assays. Results indicated that 6G significantly induced the expression of beige and thermogenesis‐specific markers in eWAT and triggers thermogenesis mainly through a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT)‐ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) axis. Consistently, in vitro, data showed that pretreatment of primary white adipocytes with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor significantly counteracted the 6G‐induced effects. This study reveals, for the first time, that 6G induces browning in adipose tissue by modulating the PI3K/AKT‐RPS6 and thermogenesis pathways, thereby alleviating obesity.
Green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate alleviates high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in mice by regulating the gut–brain axis
Authors: Zhou Jihong , Ding Lejia , Chen Wei , Wang Yuefei
Published: May 2023

Plant polyphenols have gained attention in recent years because of their potential to alleviate obesity and metabolic syndrome, protect neurological function, and maintain intestinal function. Here, we evaluated the effect of green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to suppress obesity, alleviate intestinal inflammation, and regulate hypothalamic neurotransmitters in high‐fat diet mice. Obese male C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg·body weight (bw) of EGCG or water per day for 6 weeks. The results demonstrated that EGCG significantly reduced bw, fat accumulation, and liver steatosis. EGCG also modulated hypothalamic neurotransmitters such as dopamine and 5‐HTP. Besides, EGCG attenuated the expression of colonic inflammatory factors and barrier damage, increased the gut microbial abundance such as genus Alloprevotella, reduced short‐chain fatty acids, and downregulated the transcription factors. The results suggest that EGCG may alleviate obesity and related metabolic disorders through gut–brain interaction.
Structural and geochronological constraints for the Mesozoic nappe structures of the Taqian–Fuchun thrust zone, eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt, South China
Authors: Li Fang , Zhang Da , Hu Bojie , He Xiaolong , Wu Ganguo , Huo Hailong , Xue Wei , Ouyang Yongpeng , Sun Zhenyi , Wang Huan
Published: May 2023

The NE‐trending Jiangnan orogenic belt has experienced multi‐tectonic episodes since the Mesozoic separates the Yangtze Block in the north‐west from the Cathaysia Block in the south‐east. The Taqian–Fuchun thrust zone in north‐east Jiangxi Province is located in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt. It is considered as an essential unit to understand the geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the Mesozoic nappe structures in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt and an ideal region to reveal the Mesozoic tectonic evolution in South China. Here, we present new detailed structural data coupled with zircon U–Pb and apatite fission‐track dating studies, establishing a four‐stage deformation history and describing the geometry, kinematics, ages and dynamic background. The Middle–Late Triassic NW–SE compression event (D1, 243–226 Ma) is mainly characterized by regional angular unconformity between the Lower and Upper Triassic and asymmetric folding of the underlying strata. The associated regional NW–SE shortening was related to the intercontinental collision. The Middle–Late Jurassic NW–SE compression event (D2, 175–160 Ma) is characterized by the angular unconformity between the Middle Jurassic and Cretaceous and the SE‐vergent imbricate nappe structures. The shortening has been associated with the NW‐ward subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. The Late Jurassic–Cretaceous NW–SE extension event (D3, 160–67 Ma) includes the transition stage from compression to extension (160–145 Ma) and the intensive extension stage (145–67 Ma). The former is characterized by the development of the extensional detachment structures and intermediate‐acid magmatism, while the latter is characterized by the development of Cretaceous extensional sedimentary basins and A‐type granites. This extension was correlated to the slab roll‐back of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. The Paleocene–Eocene compression event (D4, 67–35 Ma) is manifested by the thrusting of metamorphic rocks in the Shuangqiaoshan Group to the Cretaceous red beds. This shortening possibly originated from the collision between the India and Eurasian Plates. This study provides new constraints on the Mesozoic structural style and establish a reliable geochronological framework of the Mesozoic tectonic evolutions of the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt.
Exploring teacher and student knowledge of sentence‐level language features
Authors: Knecht Rachel , Larson Lisa , Townsend Dianna
Published: May 2023

Proficiency with sentence‐level features of language is essential for reading comprehension of academic texts, especially for early adolescents who face increasingly complex, discipline‐specific texts as they enter upper elementary and middle school. However, little research has been done to explore instruction in sentence‐level features. This qualitative case study explores how a sixth‐grade social studies teacher developed knowledge of sentence‐level features and implemented sentence‐level instruction through a professional learning inquiry, as well as how 3 sixth‐grade students responded to challenging sentences as a result of this instruction. Findings from thematic analyses of both teacher and student data sources indicate that increased metalinguistic awareness of sentence‐level features in the teacher participant was essential to effective, discipline‐specific instruction in sentence‐level features. Additionally, explicit instruction in sentence‐level features led to increased metalinguistic awareness in students, which supported their comprehension of challenging sentences.
Infantile umbilical hernia tape fixation method without compression materials
Authors: Tonosaki Kanata , Suzuki Yuki , Yonenaga Kazumichi , Tomimoto Kazuhiko , Yuzawa Kentaro , Oku Shiori , Eto Shuji
Published: May 2023

Background

Compression therapy using compression material is often used for umbilical hernias in infants; however, there are problems regarding its use, such as appearance and cost. In our hospital, we use the tape fixation method without compression materials. We report the effectiveness of this method, its significance in measuring the degree of hernia bulge before treatment, and parent satisfaction with the treatment.

Methods

We analyzed 77 cases of umbilical hernias (41 boys and 36 girls, mean age 52.7 ± 18.3 days) that were treated with the tape fixation method at the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital. Hernia size was classified based on the height of the bulge: mild (<1 cm), moderate (1≦ and <3 cm), or severe (>3 cm). Treatment duration was compared between the groups using the Steel–Dwass test. After the treatment, a questionnaire was mailed to the parents to assess the treatment satisfaction.

Results

Seventy‐three patients (94.8%) achieved closure of the hernia orifice, with no excess skin and a well‐shaped umbilicus. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter, with the following order: mild (18.5 ± 8.2 days), moderate (25.0 ± 11.9 days), and severe cases (47.8 ± 11.7 days). According to the questionnaire, 97.5% of the parents were satisfied with the treatment.

Conclusions

Our tape fixation method without compression material achieved a high closure rate and a good shape of the umbilicus. In addition, we noted that the height of the hernia bulge can be used as a guide to estimate the duration of treatment.
Unveiling Laser Radiation of Multiple Optical Solitons by Nonlinear Fourier Transform
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhou Gai , Qin Yuwen , Fu Songnian , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: May 2023

Mode‐locked fiber lasers are applied in versatile scientific fields and exhibit a rich diversity of nonlinear dynamics. However, the nontrivial coexistence of solitons and embedded dispersive wave radiation prevents unveiling the real nonlinear dynamics in mode‐locked fiber lasers, such as multiple solitons interaction. Here, nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) is applied as a signal processing tool to reveal nonequilibrium multiple soliton dynamics. It is feasible to isolate solitons from the continuous wave background in a fiber laser. The real‐time coherent homodyne detection methodology is used to measure the full‐field dynamic evolution of multiple solitons, including multiple solitons buildup and sequentially nonequilibrium evolution with complex splitting, drifting, and collision processes. With the approach of inverse NFT, the corresponding various pure solitons buildup and collision are reconstructed. The eigenvalue probability distributions are used to classify different lasing regimes. Moreover, the controllable multiple solitons drifting is achieved and characterized by using all‐optical methods. Experimental results suggest that NFT can be used to identify localized soliton nonequilibrium evolution excluding dispersive wave radiation influence, which provides a new window into the physics of the underlying laser dynamics and uncovers real soliton interaction in dissipative nonlinear systems.
From Glow to Growth: Chemiluminescence Induced Cationic Polymerization Using Ferrocenium Salt
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Luo Yicong , Chen Yu , Wu Shufang , Li Zhiquan
Published: May 2023

Chemiluminescence (CL) has recently emerged as a novel light source for triggering various photoreactions with appealing features such as the elimination of continuous power supply and complex instrumentation. Here, CL‐induced cationic photopolymerization using ferrocenium salts as unimolecular photoinitiators is reported. The ferrocenium salts, facilely synthesized via ligand exchange reactions, absorb the visible light emitted from CL reactions and generate Lewis acids capable of initiating the cationic polymerization of oxirane and vinyl monomers. The presented method can be applied to create linear polymer chains and cross‐linked luminescent polymer networks, which have significant potential in the fabrication of new polymeric materials and various bioapplications.
R&D expenditures and CEO compensation policy: The effect of corporate control and market competition on managerial opportunism
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Li Shu‐Hsing
Published: May 2023

China and Taiwan (so‐called Greater China) are representative of two of the fastest‐growing economies in the Pacific Rim region. This study uses Taiwanese high‐tech firms as sample and explores whether boards of directors attempt to avoid opportunistic reductions in research and development (R&D) investments by CEOs. This study considers a scenario in which high‐tech firms face a small earnings decline or a small loss but their CEOs could opportunistically cut R&D investments to improve financial results. The focus of this study is to examine how corporate control (whether or not a firm is controlled by a family) and market competition affect the relationship between R&D investments and CEO compensation schemes. Overall, we find that the stock‐based incentive compensation is more effective than the cash compensation in deterring managerial opportunism. In non‐family firms, we find there exists a positive significant relationship between changes in R&D expenditures and changes in CEO stock‐based compensation when a firm is faced with a small earnings decline or a small loss. Specifically, compared to family firms, the boards of directors of non‐family firms face more severe agency problems (as a result of the separation of ownership and control) and therefore tend to significantly adjust the incentive components in CEO compensation schemes to deter managerial opportunism. Regarding the effect of market competition, we find that incentives to adjust compensation plan to remove CEOs from opportunistically reducing discretionary R&D investments are greater in firms facing more intense market competition.
Image registration and mutual thresholding enable low interimage variability across dynamic MRI measurements of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue during mild cold exposure
Authors: Sardjoe Mishre Aashley S. D. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Straat Maaike E. , Boon Mariëtte R. , Dzyubachyk Oleh , Webb Andrew G. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Kan Hermien E.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) enhances lipid catabolism and improves cardiometabolic health. Quantitative MRI of the fat fraction (FF) of supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) is a promising noninvasive measure to assess BAT activity but suffers from high scan variability. We aimed to test the effects of coregistration and mutual thresholding on the scan variability in a fast (1 min) time‐resolution MRI protocol for assessing scBAT FF changes during cold exposure.

Methods

Ten volunteers (age 24.8 ± 3.0 years; body mass index 21.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2) were scanned during thermoneutrality (32°C; 10 min) and mild cold exposure (18°C; 60 min) using a 12‐point gradient‐echo sequence (70 consecutive scans with breath‐holds, 1.03 min per dynamic).

Dynamics were coregistered to the first thermoneutral scan, which enabled drawing of single regions of interest in the scBAT depot. Voxel‐wise FF changes were calculated at each time point and averaged across regions of interest. We applied mutual FF thresholding, in which voxels were included if their FF was greater than 30% FF in the reference scan and the registered dynamic. The efficacy of the coregistration was determined by using a moving average and comparing the mean squared error of residuals between registered and nonregistered data. Registered scBAT ΔFF was compared with single‐scan thresholding using the moving average method.

Results

Registered scBAT ΔFF had lower mean square error values than nonregistered data (0.07 ± 0.05% vs. 0.16 ± 0.14%; p < 0.05), and mutual thresholding reduced the scBAT ΔFF variability by 30%.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that coregistration and mutual thresholding improve stability of the data 2‐fold, enabling assessment of small changes in FF following cold exposure.
Use of antibacterial effective food packaging of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate/silver nanoparticle composite films
Authors: Samatya Yılmaz Sema , Uzuner Hüseyin , Aytac Ayse
Published: May 2023

In this study, composite films were produced with the solution casting method from prepared solutions by adding 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to blends 60/40 (w/w) ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium caseinate (NCS). Afterward, the films were crosslinked by dipped in a glutaraldehyde bath. This crosslinking method applied to the films did not cause any adverse effects on the surface views of the films. The occurred aldehyde groups confirmed crosslinking. The thermal stability increased with crosslinking and increasing Ag NPs amount. The 1% Ag NP added film showed the highest tensile strength compared with the crosslinked raw film. The lowest moisture content was observed in 5% and 7% AgNP‐added films. The used crosslinking method increased the crosslinking efficiency compared with the crosslinking method in solution, ensuring a decrease in the total soluble matter (TSM) amount of the films. In addition, the TSM value continued to decrease proportionally with the increasing amount of Ag NP compared with the raw crosslinked film. Through the lowest swelling rate, the 3% AgNP‐added film exhibited the highest crosslinking density. While the water vapor permeability rate of the crosslinked raw film increased, a proportional decrease was observed by increasing Ag NPs. The 7% Ag NP added film exhibited the best barrier property. All films showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It is suggested that the produced composite films can be used as food packaging with an antibacterial effect.

Highlights

PVA/NCS/Ag NPs blended composite films were obtained.

The composite films were crosslinked in the glutaraldehyde bath.

The crosslinked films exhibited high antibacterial activity.

Low water vapor permeability and low swelling behavior were observed on films.

Crosslinked PVA/NCS/Ag NPs films were suggested to be used as food packaging.
Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds
Authors: Javed Ahsan , Alam Md Badrul , Naznin Marufa , Shafique Imran , Kim Sunghwan , Lee Sang‐Han
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown.

Objectives

We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein.

Methodology

RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software.

Results

Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol‐A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X.

Conclusion

Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin‐whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.
A new parametric approach to gender gap with application to EUSILC data in Poland and Italy
Authors: Greselin Francesca , Jȩdrzejczak Alina , Trzcińska Kamila
Published: May 2023

Real income distribution comparisons are of interest to policy makers across European countries. Nowadays, a crucial component of income inequality remains the discrepancy between men and women, often called the gender gap. Since the gender gap is related to the whole distribution of incomes in a population, popular single metrics are not adequate, and previous studies applied the relative distribution method, a non‐parametric approach to the comparison of distributions. Here, we propose a parametric approach for estimating the relative distribution. Then we extend it to assess the impact of selected covariates—related to the personal characteristics of the samples—on the existing gender gap in both countries. In more detail, models for income were fitted to empirical data from Poland and Italy, from the European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (wave 2018). Afterwards, their parameters were employed to obtain the estimates of relative distribution characteristics. The methods applied in the study turned out to be relevant to describe the gender gap over the entire income range. Finally, the results of the empirical analysis are discussed to reveal similarities and substantial differences between the countries.
Why some canine and feline blood donors do not make the cut: A cohort study
Authors: Descamps Marjanne , Humm Karen
Published: May 2023

Background

While there has been extensive investigation into the selection and retention of human blood donors, veterinary research in this area is limited. This study aimed to identify the reasons for the rejection and withdrawal of canine and feline blood donors from a blood donation programme.

Methods

Records of cats and dogs presenting as prospective blood donors and/or donating between 2014 and 2019 were analysed. Reasons for rejection at sign‐up were categorised into medical and temperament. Reasons why animals left before retirement age were categorised into medical, temperament and owner related.

Results

Data from 362 dogs and 134 cats were analysed. Cats (20.8%) were more likely to be rejected than dogs (5.2%) at sign‐up, mostly due to medical reasons. Both species often left the blood donor service early due to temperament reasons. Owner and medical reasons for leaving early were also common.

Limitation

This was a retrospective study with subjective assessment of temperament.

Conclusions

Inability to donate due to temperament and medical reasons is common. When recruiting blood donors, it should be recognised that a fairly high proportion will not be successful. Owner understanding and motivation are essential to ensure successful selection and retention of donors, which allows amortisation of recruitment costs.
Incidence of disease, injury and death in Thoroughbred foals and yearlings on stud farms in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Mouncey Rebecca , Arango‐Sabogal Juan Carlos , de Mestre Amanda M. , Verheyen Kristien L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Up‐to‐date estimates of early‐life morbidity and mortality in Thoroughbreds are lacking.

Methods

A birth cohort was established on Thoroughbred stud farms across the UK and Ireland. All veterinary interventions for disease or injury between birth and 18 months of age or leaving the study were recorded. Multilevel Poisson regression models with farm and foal as random effects were fitted to estimate incidence rates.

Results

Data were available for 3328 foal‐months at risk for 275 foals on seven farms. The overall rates of disease and injury requiring veterinary intervention and mortality were 11.9 cases/100 foal‐months at risk (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6–16.2) and 0.2 cases/100 foal‐months at risk (95% CI 0.1–0.4), respectively. Almost half (n= 133/273, 49%, 95% CI 43–55) of the live‐born cohort required veterinary intervention for musculoskeletal disease or injury, equating to 5.8 cases/100 foal‐months at risk (95% CI 4.1–8.2), predominantly reported as developmental orthopaedic disease (DOD).

Limitations

Convenience sampling of participants may affect the generalisability of the findings.

Conclusions

Rates of musculoskeletal disease and injury, in particular DOD, on Thoroughbred stud farms were high. Further work to identify modifiable risk factors and further understanding of the economic impact of these conditions and long‐term consequences for musculoskeletal health and performance is required.
Introduction: Connecting Global Issues of Net-Zero Carbon Society in the 21st Century
Authors: Huang Michael C.
Published: May 2023

Climate change has caused severe flooding and droughts, crop yield problems, and habitat changes, which pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and humanity. As a result, stakeholders are reconsidering environmental management policies and economic development limitations. This chapter introduces the overview of the book that explores achieving net-zero emissions through carbon pricing, carbon trade schemes, renewable energy transition, ecological conservation, and carbon sinks. It also examines
the economic and social impacts of introducing carbon-neutral policies in the Asia-Pacific region. The urgency of addressing climate change and finding solutions to mitigate its effects on the environment and society is emphasized.
Impact Assessment of Eco-Friendly Cooling System Implementation on Sea Transportation: A GTAP-E-Power Model Application
Authors: Huang Michael C. , Iwaki Yoko , Liou Ming-Huan
Published: May 2023

Climate change and global warming have significantly threatened food security and the global supply chain. As the trade volume of bulk commodity grains has been growing steadily, ensuring quality while minimizing losses during long-distance shipping between warm and cold seawater has become a critical issue. An evidence-based approach to provide quantified implications is needed to illustrate a roadmap toward a net-zero-carbon society. This study applied the GTAP-E-Power model to examine the economic and welfare impacts of eco-friendly cooling system implementation on sea transportation in Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. By creating scenarios of Japan’s technology change calibrated from SPIAS-e and capital-use subsidy on sectors of electronics, solar power, and sea transportation as cooling system implementation, the simulation results showed a GDP growth of 0.09% in Japan and 0.11% in Australia and New Zealand. Moreover, Japan's welfare could improve by USD 4,219 million, while greenhouse gas emissions might be reduced to 8.4 million tons, equivalent to 0.9% of the total emission of Japan’s sea transportation sector.
Datafizierte Schulaufsicht?! Zur Erfassung des komplexen Zusammenspiels von wirkmächtigen Dateninfrastrukturen und vielfältigen Datenpraktiken
Authors: Hartong Sigrid , Dabisch Vito
Published: May 2023

Ziel dieses Kapitels ist es, die wachsende Datafizierung von Schulaufsicht aus einercritical data studiesPerspektive heraus zu betrachten und ein entsprechend differenziertes Verständnis für die Wirkmächtigkeit von Dateninfrastrukturen zu entwickeln. Mit dem Blick auf Schulaufsichtspersonen wird eine Personengruppe in den Fokus gerückt, die im Rahmen datenbasierterEducational Governanceeine zentrale, aber auch ambivalente Rolle spielt – nämlich „zwischen“ Kontrolle und Beratung, Pädagogik und Verwaltung sowie hierarchisch regulierter und autonom professionalisierter Steuerung. Dennoch ist die Schulaufsicht gerade in der Datafizierungsforschung bislang tendenziell unterbelichtet geblieben. Diese Lücke adressierend, führten wir im Kontext von DATAFIED sowohl eine umfangreiche Dokumentenanalyse als auch eine Interviewstudie durch, um die Dateninfrastrukturen, in denen sich Schulaufsichtspersonen bewegen, ebenso wie damit zusammenhängenden vielfältigen und spannungsreichen Datenpraktiken systematischer zu erfassen und zu reflektieren.
Zur Erfassung und Modellierung der „Hinterbühne“ von Datenflüssen: Das Beispiel Unterrichtsausfall
Authors: Jarke Juliane , Hartong Sigrid , Raabe Tjark , Dabisch Vito , Breiter Andreas , Lange Angelina , Zakharova Irina
Published: May 2023

Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit Datenflüssen und spezifischer der Frage, wie Daten innerhalb von Dateninfrastrukturen „beweglich“ gemacht werden. Während Datenflüsse im Rahmen datenbasierter Steuerung bzw. Schulentwicklung oftmals funktional betrachtet und auch visuell dargestellt werden – also etwa bezüglich einer möglichst „reibungsfreien“ Datenweitergabe – liegt der Fokus dieses Kapitels im Sinne einer critical data studies Perspektive vor allem auf den für Datafizierung hochgradig konstitutiven Reibungen, Brüchen, Spannungen sowie auf der aktiven „Herstellung“ von Datenbewegung als Festschreibung, aber auch als Verhandlung bestimmter datafizierter Sichtbarkeiten. Gleichzeitig stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie die Darstellung einer derartigen Perspektive modelliert und damit visualisiert werden kann. Beides diskutieren wir am Beispiel von Unterrichtsausfalldaten, deren Produktion, Verarbeitung und Weitergabe uns im DATAFIED-Verbund als hochpolitischer, und als ebenso komplexer und ambivalenter Prozess begegnet ist.
Adaptive Lernsoftware oder adaptierende Lehrkräfte? Das Ringen um Handlungsspielräume
Authors: Macgilchrist Felicitas , Jornitz Sieglinde , Mayer Ben , Troeger Jasmin
Published: May 2023

Viele Hoffnungen, aber auch Kritik richten sich auf und an neue kommerzielle Akteure im Schulsystem. Was Anbieter von Software für den Unterricht konzipiert haben, tritt oftmals in eine Spannung zu dem, wie Lehrkräfte die Software einsetzen wollen. Der Beitrag lässt nun die Anbieter einer bestimmten Software, hier: System|X und Lehrkräfte, die diese in ihrem Unterricht verwenden, in der Analyse aufeinandertreffen. Durch die Relationierung von Aussagen zu den drei Aspekten der Leistungsdifferenzierung, Fehlertoleranz und Belohnung zeigt sich ein Ringen um den jeweiligen Handlungsspielraum. In den Interviews deutet sich an, wie die Ziele der Anbieter durch den Einsatz im kontextspezifischen Unterricht weitgehend adaptiert werden. Diese Adaption geschieht durch die Orientierung der Anbieter an der eigenständigen Nutzung durch Schüler*innen, die aber herausgefordert wird durch die Einbettung der Lernsoftware in das soziale, materielle, körperliche, sprachliche und symbolische Gefüge des Unterrichts. Lehrkräfte und Anbieter ringen um die Möglichkeit, im Unterricht vermitteln zu können. Insgesamt identifiziert der Beitrag eine „vermittelte Vermittlung“, in der die Software vermittelt, wie die Lehrkräfte vermitteln können und die Lehrkräfte vermitteln, wie die Software vermitteln kann. Sowohl Lernsoftware als auch Lehrkräfte zeigen sich in einem bestimmten Sinne als adaptiv bzw. adaptierend. Schule und Unterricht werden, so die Implikation, neu konfiguriert, wenn diese vermittelte Vermittlung zu neuen Entscheidungen in der Alltagspraxis führt.
Pandemiebedingte Schulschließungen und die Nutzung digitaler Technologien. Welchen Einblick Twitter- und Interviewanalysen geben können
Authors: Mayer Ben , Jornitz Sieglinde , Zakharova Irina , Brick Yan , Jarke Juliane
Published: May 2023

Um besser zu verstehen, vor welchen Fragen und Aufgaben Lehrer*innen in Deutschland in den Schuljahren 2019/2020 und 2020/2021 hinsichtlich des Einsatzes von digitalen Medien standen und mit welchen digitalen Medien Schulen versucht haben, Unterricht auf Distanz zu ermöglichen, stellen wir im Folgenden die Auswertung zweier Datenkorpora vor, die im Rahmen des Verbundprojektes DATAFIED erhoben wurden. Während Twitter-Tweets mit dem Hashtag #twitterlehrerzimmer und #twlz den einen Datenkorpus bilden, umfasst der andere Datenkorpus fünfzehn online geführte Interviews mit sieben Lehrer*innen aus drei Projektschulen. Die Analyse bezieht sich auf drei relevante Zeiträume im Verlauf der pandemiebedingten Schulschließungen: (1) das Frühjahr 2020 kurz nach den ersten Schulschließungen, (2) den Sommer 2020 kurz vor den Sommerferien und (3) um das Frühjahr 2021, also ein Jahr nach den ersten landesweiten Schulschließungen. Die jeweiligen thematischen Schwerpunkte bzw. Interessen variieren und lassen sich für die aufgeführten Zeiträume aufzeigen. Doch ob diese Interessen der Community anders oder gleich jenen der Lehrer*innen in der Praxis der Projektschulen ist, wollen wir versuchen, mit der Zusammenschau beider Datenkorpora zu beantworten.
Water Losses
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee
Published: May 2023

The volume of water losses depends largely on the approach to active leakage control of the water networks. Losses comprise physical losses (leakages on transmission and/or distribution networks, at utility’s storage tanks, and on service connections), commercial losses (unauthorised consumption and metering inaccuracies and data handling errors) and unbilled authorised consumption (unbilled metered and unmetered consumption). Reduction of real water losses may be achieved through leak detection and pipe repair and replacement, district metered areas (DMAs), and pressure management. Water loss management for reducing commercial losses may be achieved through water meters and customer reporting’s of illegal connections. All ASEAN countries implement water loss management through a combination of such measures.
Non-price Mechanisms
Authors: Ong Corinne , Tortajada Cecilia , Arora Ojasvee
Published: May 2023

Water users’ consumption behaviour may be influenced by non-economic tools to reduce their water usage and/or shape water-use practices and habits. Such measures include, but are not limited to, education and awareness-raising campaigns, water restrictions, water-saving devices and labelling schemes, water efficiency audits, and consumer outreach through utility bills. Water service providers are gradually incorporating these as part of their WDM strategies. In ASEAN, non-price mechanisms are widely implemented through various measures with demonstrated effectiveness in outcomes.
Hypergraph Computation Paradigms
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

This chapter introduces three hypergraph computation paradigms, including intra-hypergraph computation, inter-hypergraph computation, and hypergraph structure computation. Intra-hypergraph computation representation aims to conduct representation learning of a hypergraph, where each subject is represented by a hypergraph of its components. Inter-hypergraph computation is to conduct representation learning of vertices in the hypergraph, where each subject is a vertex in the hypergraph. Hypergraph structure computation is to conduct hypergraph structure prediction, which aims to find the connections among vertices. This chapter is a general introduction of hypergraph computation paradigms to show how to formulate the task in the hypergraph computation framework.
Typical Hypergraph Computation Tasks
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

After hypergraph structure generation for the data, the next step is how to conduct data analysis on the hypergraph. In this chapter, we introduce four typical hypergraph computation tasks, including label propagation, data clustering, imbalance learning, and link prediction. The first typical task is label propagation, which is to predict the labels for the vertices, i.e., assigning a label to each unlabeled vertex in the hypergraph, based on the labeled information. In general cases, label propagation is to propagate the label information from labeled vertices to unlabeled vertices through structural information of the hyperedges. In this part, we discuss the hypergraph cut on hypergraphs and random walk interpretation of label propagation on hypergraphs. The second typical task is data clustering, which is formulated as dividing the vertices into several parts in a hypergraph. In this part, we introduce a hypergraph Laplacian smoothing filter and an embedded model for hypergraph clustering tasks. The third typical task is cost-sensitive learning, which targets on learning with different mis-classification costs. The fourth typical task is link prediction, which aims to discover missing relations or predict new coming hyperedges based on the observed hypergraph.
Hypergraph Structure Evolution
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

In practice, noise exists in the process of data collection and hypergraph construction. Therefore, missing, abundant, and noisy connections may be introduced into the generated hypergraph structure, which may lead to inaccurate inference on hypergraph. Another issue comes from the increasing data stream, which is also very common in many applications. It is important to consider the structure evolution methods on the hypergraph, which optimize the hypergraph structure accordingly. Early hypergraph computation methods mainly rely on static hypergraph structure, which may suffer from the limitation of the static mechanism when confronting random and increasing data scenarios. In this chapter, we introduce dynamic hypergraph structure evolution methods, including both hypergraph component optimization and hypergraph structure optimization. Finally, we briefly introduce the incremental learning method on growing data.
Neural Networks on Hypergraph
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

With the development of deep learning on high-order correlations, hypergraph neural networks have received much attention in recent years. Generally, the neural networks on hypergraph can be divided into two categories, including the spectral-based methods and the spatial-based methods. For the spectral-based methods, the convolution operation is formulated in the spectral domain of graph, and we introduce the typical spectral-based methods, including hypergraph neural networks (HGNN), hypergraph convolution with attention (Hyper-Atten), and hyperbolic hypergraph neural network (HHGNN), which extend hypergraph computation to hyperbolic spaces beyond the Euclidean space. For the spatial-based methods, the convolution operation is defined in groups of spatially close vertices. We then present spatial-based hypergraph neural networks of the general hypergraph neural networks (HGNN+) and the dynamic hypergraph neural networks (DHGNN). Additionally, there are several convolution methods that attempt to reduce the hypergraph structure to the graph structure, so that the existing graph convolution methods can be directly deployed. Lastly, we analyze the association and comparison between hypergraph and graph in the two areas described above (spectral-based, spatial-based), further demonstrating the ability and advantages of hypergraph on constructing and computing higher-order correlations in the data.
Large Scale Hypergraph Computation
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

As introduced in the previous chapters, the complexity of hypergraph computation is relatively high. In practical applications, the hypergraph may not be in a small scale, where we often encounter the scenario that the size of the hypergraph is very large. Therefore, hypergraph computation confronts the complexity issues in many applications. Therefore, how to handle large scale data is an important task. In this chapter, we discuss the computation methods for large scale hypergraphs and their applications. Two types of hypergraph computation methods are provided to handle large scale data, namely the factorization-based hypergraph reduction method and hierarchical hypergraph learning method. In the factorization-based hypergraph reduction method, the large scale hypergraph incidence matrix is reduced to two low-dimensional matrices. The computing procedures are conducted with the reduced matrices. This method can support the hypergraph computation with more than 10,000 vertices and hyperedges. On the other hand, the hierarchical hypergraph learning method splits all samples as some sub-hypergraphs and merges the results obtained from each sub-hypergraph computation. This method can support hypergraph computation with millions of vertices and hyperedges.
A note on measures related to compactness and the Banach–Saks property in $$l_{1}$$
Authors: Kryczka Andrzej
Published: May 2023

Using the Bessaga–Pełczyński selection principle, we give an alternative and concise proof of the results obtained by Tu (Arch Math, 117:315–322, 2021) that several quantities defined for bounded subsets of Banach spaces and related to compactness, weak compactness, and the Banach–Saks property coincide in $$l_{1}$$

l
1

.
Concomitant trauma of brain and upper cervical spine: lessons in injury patterns and outcomes
Authors: Marchesini Nicolò , Demetriades Andreas K. , Peul Wilco C. , Tommasi Nicola , Zanatta Paolo , Pinna Giampietro , Sala Francesco
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The literature on concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal injury is sparse and a few, if any, studies focus on concomitant TBI and associated upper cervical injury. The objective of this study was to fill this gap and to define demographics, patterns of injury, and clinical data of this specific population.

Methods

Records of patients admitted at a single trauma centre with the main diagnosis of TBI and concomitant C0–C1–C2 injury (upper cervical spine) were identified and reviewed. Demographics, clinical, and radiological variables were analyzed and compared to those of patients with TBI and: (i) C3–C7 injury (lower cervical spine); (ii) any other part of the spine other than C1–C2 injury (non-upper cervical); (iii) T1–L5 injury (thoracolumbar).

Results

1545 patients were admitted with TBI and an associated C1–C2 injury was found in 22 (1.4%). The mean age was 64 years, and 54.5% were females. Females had a higher rate of concomitant upper cervical injury (p = 0.046 vs non-upper cervical; p = 0.050 vs thoracolumbar). Patients with an upper cervical injury were significantly older (p = 0.034 vs lower cervical; p = 0.030 vs non-upper cervical). Patients older than 55 years old had higher odds of an upper cervical injury when compared to the other groups (OR = 2.75). The main mechanism of trauma was road accidents (RAs) (10/22; 45.5%) All pedestrian injuries occurred in the upper cervical injured group (p = 0.015). ICU length of stay was longer for patients with an upper cervical injury (p = 0.018). Four patients died in the upper cervical injury group (18.2%), and no death occurred in other comparator groups (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

The rate of concomitant cranial and upper cervical spine injury was 1.4%. Risk factors were female gender, age ≥ 55, and pedestrians. RAs were the most common mechanism of injury. There was an association between the upper cervical injury group and longer ICU stay as well as higher mortality rates. Increased understanding of the pattern of concomitant craniospinal injury can help guide comprehensive diagnosis, avoid missed injuries, and appropriate treatment.
Adaptive responses of yeast strains tolerant to acidic pH, acetate, and supraoptimal temperature
Authors: Salas-Navarrete Prisciluis Caheri , Rosas-Santiago Paul , Suárez-Rodríguez Ramón , Martínez Alfredo , Caspeta Luis
Published: May 2023

Ethanol fermentations can be prematurely halted as Saccharomyces cerevisiae faces adverse conditions, such as acidic pH, presence of acetic acid, and supraoptimal temperatures. The knowledge on yeast responses to these conditions is essential to endowing a tolerant phenotype to another strain by targeted genetic manipulation. In this study, physiological and whole-genome analyses were conducted to obtain insights on molecular responses which potentially render yeast tolerant towards thermoacidic conditions. To this end, we used thermotolerant TTY23, acid tolerant AT22, and thermo-acid tolerant TAT12 strains previously generated by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments. The results showed an increase in thermoacidic profiles in the tolerant strains. The whole-genome sequence revealed the importance of genes related to: H+, iron, and glycerol transport (i.e., PMA1, FRE1/2, JEN1, VMA2, VCX1, KHA1, AQY3, and ATO2); transcriptional regulation of stress responses to drugs, reactive oxygen species and heat-shock (i.e., HSF1, SKN7, BAS1, HFI1, and WAR1); and adjustments of fermentative growth and stress responses by glucose signaling pathways (i.e., ACS1, GPA1/2, RAS2, IRA2, and REG1). At 30 °C and pH 5.5, more than a thousand differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in each strain. The integration of results revealed that evolved strains adjust their intracellular pH by H+ and acetic acid transport, modify their metabolism and stress responses via glucose signaling pathways, control of cellular ATP pools by regulating translation and de novo synthesis of nucleotides, and direct the synthesis, folding and rescue of proteins throughout the heat-shock stress response. Moreover, the motifs analysis in mutated transcription factors suggested a significant association of SFP1, YRR1, BAS1, HFI1, HSF1, and SKN7 TFs with DEGs found in thermoacidic tolerant yeast strains.

Key points

• All the evolved strains overexpressed the plasma membrane H+-ATPase PMA1 at optimal conditions

• Tolerant strain TAT12 mutated genes encoding weak acid and heat response TFs HSF1, SKN7, and WAR1

• TFs HSF1 and SKN7 likely controlled the transcription of metabolic genes associated to heat and acid tolerance
A simply calculated nutritional index provides clinical implications in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Sudo Mitsumasa , Shamekhi Jasmin , Aksoy Adem , Al-Kassou Baravan , Tanaka Tetsu , Silaschi Miriam , Weber Marcel , Nickenig Georg , Zimmer Sebastian
Published: May 2023

Background

Malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis. The Triglycerides × Total Cholesterol × Body Weight Index (TCBI) is a simple scoring model to evaluate the status of nutrition. However, the prognostic relevance of this index in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the TCBI with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods

A total of 1377 patients undergoing TAVR were evaluated in this study. The TCBI was calculated by the formula; triglyceride (mg/dL) × total cholesterol (mg/dL) × body weight (kg)/1000. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 3 years.

Results

Patients with a low TCBI, based on a cut-off value of 985.3, were more likely to have elevated right atrial pressure (p = 0.04), elevated right ventricular pressure (p < 0.01), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (p < 0.01), tricuspid regurgitation ≥ moderate (p < 0.01). Patients with a low TCBI had a higher cumulative 3-year all-cause (42.3% vs. 31.6%, p < 0.01; adjusted HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.77, p = 0.02) and non-cardiovascular mortality (15.5% vs. 9.1%, p < 0.01; adjusted HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.22–3.13, p < 0.01) compared to those with a high TCBI. Adding a low TCBI to EuroSCORE II improved the predictive value for 3-year all-cause mortality (net reclassification improvement, 0.179, p < 0.01; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.005, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Patients with a low TCBI were more likely to have right-sided heart overload and exhibited an increased risk of 3-year mortality. The TCBI may provide additional information for risk stratification in patients undergoing TAVR.

Graphical abstract