bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GREENING ECONOMIES: A NORMATIVE CHALLENGE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Stevanović Miroslav , Đurđević Dragan
Published: October 2018

: In this article, we examine the concept of “greening economy” from the aspect of interest of States as actors in international relations responsible for providing vital values of political communities. The problem in this context primarily involves the non existence of consensus about either normative or value content of the “greening economy”, apart from a commonly acceptable discourse on the practical level. Nevertheless, such discourse has not been functionalised through new developments in instruments and mechanisms of administration, governance and validation of efforts in numerous sectors at the international level. On the methodological level, the basic dichotomy between the practical and perceptive in the concept of greening economy has imposed a need for phenomenological approach in estimating its functional roles. In this segment, we pursued the obvious appearance or impacts in practice, regardless of the narratives. As far as the discourse itself is concerned, this analysis did not require a detailed insight into perception since different bodies and states apply the concept as they find suitable for their purposes.In the structural analysis, since the greening of economy, as a concept, introduces series of bodies and institutional procedures which deal with measurements, criteria, indicators and tools that impose administering on a supranational level, we have focused on the context of the process of globalisation. Apart from that, these indicators mostly do not lead to the projected goals, nor affect the economy as a whole and achieving sustainable development goals. We find that mainstreaming the environment into economic development, through 'green economy', regardless how logical in substance it may be, is still no more than an emerging theoretical discourse, which is suitable for the needs of globalisation. We thus conclude that “greening” is a contemporary political economy, which deals with unsustainability on the production level, and lacks a clear definition of development. This concept promotes an administrating process on the global level, without legal grounds, which is a challenge for national security, given that national authorities should be responsible for sustainable development, as a vital value.
SUSPENDED SENTENCE IN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Spasić Dragana
Published: October 2018

Suspended sentence, as a cautionary measure, is one of the most frequently applied criminal sanctions. As such, it exists in almost all modern legislations. In this paper, after providing a brief overview of the historical development of the suspended sentence, the author analyzes the concept of a suspended sentence in the criminal law of the Republic of Serbia, by focusing on the concept and characteristics of suspended sentence, conditions for imposing a suspended sentence, revocation of a suspended sentence, as well as a suspended sentence with protective supervision. The second part is dedicated to the application of suspended sentence in domestic judicial practice. On the basis of statistical data, the author presents a comparative overview of the frequency of pronouncing suspended sentence in three time periods (the 1970s, the 1990s, and after the democratic changes in 2000), which were marked by different political, economic and other societal characteristics.
JUDICIAL AUTHORITY REFORMS IN MEDIEVAL SERBIA, BOHEMIA AND POLAND
Authors: Đorđević Aleksandar
Published: October 2018

judiciary in the medieval Slavic world. In the 14th century, three important legal codes were enacted in Serbia, Bohemia, and Poland: Dušan’s Code, Maiestas Carolina and Statutes of Casimir the Great, respectively. The proclamation of these three codes was the result of strengthening the powers of their rulers: Emperor Dušan, the Bohemian king Charles IV, and the Polish king Casimir. Almost at the same time, these rulers passed very similar legal provisions on the reorganisation of courts.The main idea was to introduce special state judges, with the aim of suppressing and limiting the feudal and other forms of judiciary in their respective states.The reform of courts, the judiciary and court proceedings was part of the prevalent attempts to centralise state authority in the three Slavic states. This process is a phenomenon of substanital relevance in the history of Slavic law, particularly given the fact that it involved the most powerful rulers of these medieval states, who were one another’s contemporaries.
COMPENSATION OF CIVIL PROCEDURE COSTS IN MASS TORT LITIGATION
Authors: Lukić Vidojković Ana
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the legal consequences of mass tort litigation where the amount of damages is multiple times lower than the litigation cost. In the context of current judicial practice, the author observes this phenomenon from the aspect of prohibition of abuse of rights, and offers proposals for improving the existing regulation in order to effectively prevent the abuse of rights.
THE CRIMINOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF NIŠ
Authors: Mirić Filip
Published: October 2018

Crime has always attracted the public attention. Criminology, as a science on the forms and causes of crime, has been studied at the Faculty of Law, University of Niš, since its establishment in 1960. In the past 56 years, the Law Faculty in Nis has published numerous publications (textbooks and monograps) on criminology. The aim of this paper is to provide a a brief overview of the most important criminological literature published by the Faculty of Law, University of Niš, which contributed to casting more light on the multifaceted criminological issues. The author also recognizes and commends the dedicated work of Law Faculty teaching staff and the exerted efforts to present these complex issues in a comprehensible way, adapted to the needs of junior and senior law students and the needs of the wider academic, professional and social communities.
СПОРТСКЕ СЕКЦИЈЕ И НАСИЉЕ МЕЂУ УЧЕНИЦИМА ОСНОВНИХ ШКОЛА
Authors: Marković Živorad M , Trifunović Vesna , Šekeljić Goran
Published: October 2018

The topic of this study was the research of the connection between the active participation of primary school students in school sport clubs and their relation towards school violence. The goal of this study was to determine the level of connection between the participation of students in school clubs, their exposure to violence in school and reaction to violence. In this study we start from the supposition that the participation of primary school students in school sport clubs is predominantly connected with the diminishing of their exposure to the violence in school and their readiness to help students who suffer from violence. In this research we applied the descriptive-analytical method and survey as research techniques. The research was realized in the first term of 2015/2016 school year and it included 236 students in the seventh and eighth grade of primary school “Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj” in Svilajnac. In this work, a special instrument was applied prepared only for this research -the survey about the connection of school sport clubs and violence at school. In the quantitative analysis of the data the following was applied: the percentage expression of frequencies and Pearson’s hi-square test (χ2) for testing the hypothesis about the significance of the differences. The main results of this research showed that most non-sport students have no affirmative attitude towards inclusion school sport clubs, (b) students who are involved in school sport activities are less exposed to violence in school and they are more ready to help those students who are more exposed to violence.
РЕАЛНОСТ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВА БАНКООСИГУРАЊА КАО КАНАЛА ПРОДАЈЕ УСЛУГА ОСИГУРАЊА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ
Authors: Stanković Jelena Z. , Petrović Evica , Vojvodić-Miljković Nevenka
Published: October 2018

The aim of every business activity is maximising profits, which explains the tendency of business entities to make products and services readily and easily available for customers. The insurance activity is not free of placement problems. In order to survive, an insurance company must constantly follow the trend of the development of services and distribution channels. As an emergence of global insurers has raised the issue of the placement of insurance services, innovations related to the placement of insurance services will be the subject of this paper. However, the success of the placement of services is dependent upon the fulfilment of the following preconditions: the service is of great quality; it is adequately distributed – available, its price – the insurance premium – suits the quality and is competitive; the service is presented to customers in a quality manner, while the sales personnel is highly motivated to do their job. The merger of a banking and insurance subject may result in the reduction of costs, as well as in spurring the synergistic effects and an increase in revenue. New technologies, new approaches and dexterities of businessmen contribute to delivering better business results.
УСТАНОВЕ ЗА ИЗВРШЕЊЕ МЕРЕ БЕЗБЕДНОСТИ - ОБАВЕЗНО ПСИХИЈАТРИЈСКО ЛЕЧЕЊЕ И ЧУВАЊЕ У ЗДРАВСТВЕНОЈ УСТАНОВИ/INSTITUTIONS FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE SECURITY MEASURE  COMPULSORY PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT AND CONFINEMENT IN A MEDICAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Димовски Дарко , Костић Миомира , Милић Иван
Published: October 2018

Compulsory psychiatric treatment and confinement in a medical institution is one of the security measures that may be ordered for the offender in the criminal procedure and it is also the only criminal sanction of indefinite length. After the sentence is pronounced the execution of the measure follows. The execution of criminal sanctions is regulated by the Law on Execution of Criminal Sanctions, which remains vague in regard to this measure. The authors of this work attempt to find an answer to the seemingly simple but in fact very complicated question: where is this measure to be executed?
СТЕЧАЈ БАНАКА И ФИНАНСИЈСКИХ УСТАНОВА У ЗЕМАЉАМА КАНДИДАТИМА ЗА ЕУ ЗАПАДНОГ БАЛКАНА
Authors: Ђурић Ђуро М. , Јовановић Владимир М. , Мисаиловић Мирјана М.
Published: October 2018

The objective of this paper is to present the regulation of insolvency of banks and other financial institutions in some West Balkans countries (Serbia, Montenegro and FYROM) candidates for the EU membership and its development under the influence of the EU regulations. This question has become particularly interesting since the onset of the world financial crisis of 2008. Banks and financial institutions from the EU countries are among major players in financial markets. The crisis has shown that the models that have previously existed were not sufficient and did not enable an adequate level of cooperation between member states, in order to minimize the spreading of negative effects of individual insolvencies and problems of individual financial institutions across the EU and all over the world. Therefore, changes were needed in the regulations, and indeed, certain changes have been made. This paper tries to see and evaluate the enlargement of the EU which is currently not on top of the EU political and economic agenda, the candidate countries are in the process of adjusting their legislation and practices in order to be better prepared for negotiating with the EU, but also in order to make their respective economic conditions and markets more harmonized with the EU countries, therefore making them more attractive to potential foreign investors. We shall attempt to give a brief analysis of how several West Balkans EU candidate countries have reacted to the described changes in the EU regulations regarding financial institutions and handling their financial difficulties.
Análisis de pacientes en diálisis peritoneal: factores clínico-epidemiológicos y tipo de transporte peritoneal con recambio hipertónico
Authors: Fajardo-Leitzelar Fernando Arturo , Sierra Manuel , Barahona-López Daniel Martín , Sánchez-Sierra Luis Enrique , Matute-Martínez Carlos Felipe , Mendoza-Sabillón Daniel Eduardo , Núñez-Hernández Andrea Carolina , Serrano-Puerto Osiris Mariel
Published: October 2018

Introducción: la diálisis peritoneal ha sido una terapia efectiva para los pacientes con falla renal terminal.Objetivo: determinar las características de la población y el tipo de transporte peritoneal (utilizando una solución dializante hipertónica).Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes del Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Escuela Universitario de Tegucigalpa, durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de octubre al 15 de noviembre de 2016.Resultados: la nefropatía diabética fue identificada como la causa de nefropatía crónica en 18 (42.9 %) pacientes; seguida de la nefropatía hipertensiva, con 14 (33.3 %), y la nefropatía mesoamericana, con 8 (19.0 %). El tipo de transporte peritoneal más frecuente fue el promedio alto, en 21 (50.0 %) de los pacientes; seguido del promedio bajo, con 12 (28.6 %); el transporte bajo, con 7 (16.7 %); y el transporte alto, con 2 (4.8 %).Discusión: en Centroamérica, durante los últimos años, ha habido un aumento de incidencia de la enfermedad renal en trabajadores provenientes de la costa pacífica, especialmente varones agricultores sin factores de riesgo. Esto constituye una epidemia de la nefropatía mesoamericana. Existe una relación entre el aumento de la transferencia de solutos y la disminución de la ultrafiltración con el paso del tiempo.Conclusiones: la nefropatía mesoamericana es una causa emergente de enfermedad en la región. No se encontró relación entre el tiempo prolongado de diálisis peritoneal, o el antecedente de peritonitis, y un transporte peritoneal bajo.
Valor de corte del cociente proteinuria/creatininuria predictor de proteinuria = 150 mg/24 h en una muestra de estudiantes argentinos. Utilidad de su aplicación para categorización de la proteinuria
Authors: Brissón Cecilia María , Cuestas Verónica , Prono-Minella Priscila , Denner Susana , Fernández Verónica , Bonifacino-Belzarena Rosina , Marsili Silvia , Brissón María Eugenia
Published: October 2018

Introducción: la proteinuria es marcador clásico de daño renal. La organización Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categoriza en 2012 la proteinuria de 24 h (PER) como mg/24 h o la relación proteinuria/creatininuria en muestra aislada (PCR) como mg/g así: A1, normal-levemente aumentada (<150); A2, moderadamente aumentada (150-500), y A3, severamente aumentada (>500). La PER es el gold standard y la PCR fue incorporada para evitar recolección de 24 h, pero la equivalencia numérica entre ambas es controvertida. El valor 150 mg/24 h tiene relevancia diagnóstica/pronóstica en enfermedad renal crónica.Objetivos: determinar, en una muestra de estudiantes argentinos, la correlación de PCR en primera orina matutina con PER, el valor de corte (VdC) de PCR predictor de PER=150 mg/24 h y la concordancia entre ambas metodologías para la categorización A según valores de PCR de la clasificación KDIGO 2012 y del VdC hallado.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, analítico y transversal realizado en una muestra de 51 estudiantes. Determinaciones en orina de 24 h y en la primera matutina. Proteínas: método rojo de pirogalol molibdato; creatinina: Jaffé cinético. Correlación: coeficiente de Spearman; concordancia: Bland-Altman y kappa. VdC: análisis ROC (receiver operating curve). Programas: Excel yMedcalc. IC95 %, p<0,05.Resultados: proteinuria (mediana/rango intercuartil), PER (mg/24 h): 106,00/83,64-137,82; PCR (mg/g): 58,00/50,50-87,00; p=0,025; coeficiente Spearman: 0,5540; Bland-Altman media de las diferencias (PER-PCR): 31,4. ABC=0,883 (IC95%: 0,762-0,956); VdC=82 mg/g; S=90 %; E=82,9 %; RP+=5,27; RP-=0,12. Concordancia en categorización A: kappa empleando PCR 150 mg/g: 0,106 (IC95%: -0,134-0,347), pobre-leve; kappa empleando VdC hallado: 0,4568 (IC95%: 0,2063-0,6505), leve-considerable.Conclusiones: la concordancia en categorización A mejora al utilizar el VdC. Destaca la importancia de no usar como equivalentes PCR=150 mg/g y PER=150 mg/24 h para diferenciar proteinuria normal de aumentada, sino la necesidad de establecer en cada laboratorio los VdC correspondientes.
Caracterización de la disfunción tiroidea en adultos con enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis
Authors: Chavez Wilson Fernando , Ariza García Amaury Miguel , Ramos Clason Enrique Carlos
Published: October 2018

Introducción: existe una clara relación entre la disfunción tiroidea y la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) que se evidencia por el aumento de la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo primario a medida que disminuye la tasa de filtración glomerular.Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes adultos con disfunción tiroidea y enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo, transversal, que caracterizó y recolectó datos de laboratorio en pacientes mayores de 18 años con ERC. Estos pacientes se encontraban en terapia dialítica en una unidad renal de la ciudad de Cartagena (Colombia) y se les practicó un control de TSH en el año 2016.Resultados: se incluyeron 350 pacientes con registro de TSH. La mediana de edad fue de 59 años y el 49.1% eran mujeres. La principal causa de la ERC fue la hipertensión (36.3%) y la principal comorbilidad fue el hiperpatioidismo (56%). En relación con la disfunción tiroidea, se evidenció que el 25.4% de la población presentó niveles de TSH mayores a 4.5 μIU/mL. Dentro de este segmento, un 5.7% se encontraba en rango de hipotiroidismo (TSH>10 μIU/mL).Conclusiones: la prevalencia de la disfunción tiroidea fue mayor en la muestra, en comparación con la población general. No obstante, se requieren estudios adicionales con medición de T4L para realizar una adecuada categorización.
International accounting frameworks: The convergence of corporate financial statements
Authors: Toudas Kanellos
Published: October 2018

Globalization and the gradual opening of financial frontiers have acted as an imperative in having homogeneity in the reporting frameworks and the financial statements of the entities in public and private sectors both nationally and internationally. The on-going global financial crisis, as well as the lack of investors’ confidence in stock markets, has increased the necessity of a common approach in accounting standards. Certified Public Accountants (CPA’s) from 7 different European countries took part in the present study, whose purpose was to identify the main differences between the two most used accounting standards, the IFRS and the US GAAP. Quantitative research revealed that there are differences in both the balance sheet presentation of debt and classification of D. Tax assets/liabilities, as well as the presentation of extraordinary items in the income statements. The research concludes the developments and the governance of existing reporting frameworks over the last decade, from which conclusions are drawn, and future studies towards the convergence are suggested
PRODUCTION of a FRESHNESS DETERMINATION SENSOR
Authors: KEMİKLİOGLU Emine , ÖZEN Özlem , GÜRBOĞA Berfin
Published: October 2018

Since fruits and vegetables
are rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidant they are irreplaceable for a
healthy life. Despite the fact that their benefits, they could cause serious
diseases when they are consumed while they are deteriorated since they lose
their nutrient value with time and became available for microorganisms. As a
consequence of it, mold formation occurs which is harmful to both health and
food industry. As a consequence of a serial of experiments which were performed
considering the importance of the freshness of food in terms of health and food
industry, the relation between freshness and ion mobility is revealed. As
following a device was developed with the aim of determination freshness - ion
concentration relation. For the evaluation of the sensor measurements, a
software including experimental measurement deterioration and freshness result
data has been developed and the freshness can be determined by using the
designed sensor through this software. Obtained experimental measurement
results and sensor measurement results are compared and the results are also
supported by observations repeated at different conditions.
The nature, quantity and quality of urban segments
Authors: Stojanovic Velimir
Published: October 2018

The urban structure has no clearly visible boundaries between the content,
function, form, and other, which is a consequence of the city?s spatial
development and a multitude of influences connected within this process. The
city, however, has been created as a product of periodic construction and all
possible interventions related to such a course of development. Plans,
planning activities, projects, cycles, etc. have not eventually given a clear
overview of the total urban structure and shown it as a clear and, to all of
us, desirable whole. In order for such a structure to be understood, it was
also necessary to review each individual situation where, due to the
complexity, the city should be divided into appropriate parts and subparts,
which can then be given different names (city element, part of the city,
structural area, etc., but of all names, the concept and term ?segment? is
most commonly used). In order to be analyzed, recognized and planned in the
future, designed and built, the whole of the city must rely on such a
division. The notion of an urban segment is related to the nature and number
of elements of its content, and with such qualitative and quantitative
nature, it becomes the basis for any further analysis. Analytical procedure
of the segment also implies an additional analysis - of their mutual
interactions or border areas. These areas are as significant as a segment,
sometimes even more significant as they contain necessary information
connecting the city into a whole.
Fem CFD analysis of air flow in kiosk substation with the oil immersed distribution transformer
Authors: Stanisic Stevan , Jevtic Milica , Das Bhaba , Radakovic Zoran
Published: October 2018

In practice of loading of oil-immersed distribution transformers, there is a
need to have lumped thermal model, requiring no big computational resources
and computational time. One such model is presented in international
transformer loading guide (IEC 60076-7), where heat transfer inside the
transformer is modeled. In case of indoor transformer operation, this model
does not consider transient thermal phenomena in the room. We developed a
lumped model that includes heat transfer in the transformer room. In scope
of the research, we also built FEM CFD (finite element method, computational
fluid dynamics) model of air flow and heat transfer. The purpose of FEM CFD
was to make a better insight into air flow, i.e. to study the
simplifications introduced in lumped model and suggest potential
improvements. This paper presents results achieved with FEM CFD. The
considered case was the transformer with natural oil and natural air flow
(ONAN).
Islamic Javanese Ideas in The Poetry Collection of Air Kata Kata by Sindhunata
Authors: Fatimah Siti - , Nurkamto Joko , Setiawan Budi , Ngadiso Ngadiso
Published: October 2018

This study aims to describe the views of Islamic Javanese ideas in Sindhunata's poem Air Kata Kata. The Islamic Javanese view is obtained by using the deep interpretation of the symbols in the texts and images/ paintings contained in poems by a Catholic Pastor who has a humanist spirit and is familiar with Islamic Javanese life. Based on this research, the researcher obtained an Islamic Javanese view in Catholic poetâ€™s works who was close to the daily life of Moslems. Therefore, his works are influenced by Islam and the life of Moslems.
THE DIFFERENCES OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT BY POSTER DISPLAYING ON ENVIRONMENT TOPIC GRADE X SMA OF MEDAN
Authors: Ramadhoni Febrina Suci , Napitupulu Martina Asiati
Published: October 2018

The study aims to know the difference of learning achievement by poster displaying in the environmental topic. Type of the research was quasi experiment and was designed with pre-test and post-test. The population is the students in SMA Negeri 3 and 4 Medan academic year 2015/2016. The samples consists of two groups selected purpousively for each of school, grade X MIA 10 as poster making inclution group (n=40 students) and X MIA 7 as poster non-making inclution group (n=40 students). Learning method in both groups was goup discussion. In first group, used poster making inclution and poster non-making inclution for the second. Multiple choice test was the instrument for cognitive data collection and questionnaires were used for student performances. Hypothesis wass tested by t-test. The students learning achievement result showed that, the average score in poster making inclution group (74.92) was higher than poster non-making inclution group (67.13) with persentage difference is 38%. tcount with ttable is tcount > ttable ( 4.175 > 1.994) (with α=0.05 and df=78). Based on the data from research result used tcount > ttable then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. It means there is difference of learning achievement between student who were treated with poster making inclution and those treated with non-poster making inclution model on Environmental topic of Grade X in SMA at Medan Academic Year 2015/2016.
PROFIL SELF REGULATION MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Idris Tengku
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAKSelf regulationmerupakan kemampuan untuk mengontrol prilaku sendiri, kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu prilaku cerdas dalam menangani suatu permasalahan selain itu juga self regulatioan adalah kontrol terhadap diri sendiri, terutama untuk menjaga diri tetap berada dalam jalur yang sesuai dengan standar yang dikehendaki.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui profil self regulation mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi di provinsi Riau. Populasi Penelitian ini adalah semua mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Biologi yang ada di Provinsi Riau yang terdiri dari 4 Universitas yaitu UNRI, UIR, UNILAK dan UPP sedangkan sampel penelitian ini mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Biologi semester 3 dan 5 yang ada di Kota Pekanbaru dengan total sampel sebanyak497 Mahasiswa. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket yang dikembangkan dari Idris, Sriyati dan Rahmat dengan 5 indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self regulationmahasiswa X dalam kategori cukup dengan persentasi sebesar 72.50%, mahasiswa Y sebesar 76.20% dengan kategori cukup dan mahasiswa Z dengan persentase sebesar 74.71% dalam kategori cukup. Dari kelima indikatorself regulation, indikator dengan persentase tertinggi terdapat pada indikator 5 yakni mengevaluasi tindakan dengan persentase sebesar 81.24% dengan kategori baik sedangkan indikator terendah terdapat pada indikator 4 dengan persentase sebesar 66.35% dalam kateogri rendah. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa prodi pendidikan biologi dalam kategori cukup dengan persentase sebesar 74.47%.Kata Kunci: Self regulation, Mahasiswa, Pendidikan Biologi
How Can L2 Lexicon Be Proceduralized While Interacting with Proceduralized L2 Grammar: A Cognitively Linguistic Model of the Declarative/Procedural Interface
Authors: Khresheh Asim Mohammad
Published: October 2018

This article sheds light on how L2 lexicon should be considered cognitive and thus recalled for L2 grammar and how the latter embraces L2 lexicon due to its meaningfulness derived from L1. In so doing, this review article shows a possible interaction of the proceduralized knowledge of L2 grammar with the declarative knowledge of L2 lexicon from a cognitively linguistic perspective. This results in getting L2 lexicon proceduralized so as to support the weak interface position, i.e. partial conversion of declarative knowledge into proceduralized one. However, this article does not support the strong interface position, i.e. total conversion of declarative knowledge into proceduralized one as declarative language irregularities are not cognizable as declarative meaningful lexicon. Although there has been a debate whether learnt/declarative knowledge can be converted into acquired/proceduralized knowledge, cognitively linguistic consideration has been taken so far to support this transfer of knowledge. That is why; this article views how cognizable L2 vocabularies are to be recruited by L2 proceduralized grammar.
Design in China/Design for China/ Made in China: 3 formas de ver el diseño de producto en el mercado chino
Authors: Cheng Lee Nong Ru
Published: October 2018

El artículo explora diferentes aspectos del diseño de producto en China, para ofrecer una visión global de este particular mercado asiático. Primeramente se observa cómo en los últimos años se han producido nuevas incorporaciones de ciudades chinas a los eventos de la Semana de Diseño, y cómo los productos diseñados en China han adquirido más presencia en eventos internacionales. Posteriormente se estudian los cambios en las pautas del consumo social, y finalmente nos adentramos en un análisis de las tendencias a través de productos premiados por China Good Design.
La Gráfica del 68
Authors: Schara Julio César
Published: October 2018

La presente investigación concentra el análisis de múltiples obras de producción gráfica del Movimiento del 68, realizadas bajo la influencia del Taller de Gráfica Popular y enmarcadas en una estética influida por los movimientos sociales de la época, como una expresión anónima y testimonial que asumía su responsabilidad social, estética y política. La Gráfica del 68, difundía con imágenes visuales la decisión de los jóvenes por la democratización del país y llamar a la participación solidaria; las brigadas de producción establecieron un importante precedente de trabajo colectivo que ilustró una de las acciones más significativas del movimiento estudiantil urbano: la marcha silenciosa.
Retrospectiva de los primeros sistemas de gráficos por ordenador
Authors: Villagrán Arroyal Inmaculada
Published: October 2018

La trayectoria histórica que gira alrededor de los sistemas gráficos por ordenador abarca momentos cruciales que, desde las primeras representaciones registradas, nos ha permitido conocer a los protagonistas más distintivos en el desarrollo de los sistemas gráficos por ordenador o los primeros comienzos del software como herramienta para el dibujo en formato digital. En este artículo, se resumen algunas de las más relevantes aportaciones seleccionadas minuciosamente y que nos presentan una visión histórica desde los años 50 hasta finales de los 70 del constante cambio y el acelerado crecimiento de los medios que actualmente ofrecen otro enfoque para la creación gráfica mediante los sistemas digitales. Esta aportación nos introduce a conocer los orígenes del software gráfico que ha cambiado la técnica de producción para muchos creativos del diseño y la ilustración y hemos querido hacer un guiño a todos aquellos que, gracias a su curiosidad, inquietud e investigación, nos han legado nuevos medios para la expresión gráfica.
Evolución del diseño de la Ducati 916 de Tamburini en algunos modelos de motocicletas
Authors: Jiménez Galea Jesús Javier
Published: October 2018

Genio. Esta es la palabra con la que podríamos definir a Massimo Tamburini. Un genio que hacía del diseño de una motocicleta un arte. Suya es la Ducati 916, una de las motocicletas más bellas jamás creada, así como elegante, exclusiva, impactante, etc. Algunos dirían que solo la puede igualar la Ducati Monster 695. Este artículo recoge algunos de los modelos posteriores a esa obra de arte que fue la Ducati 916 de Tamburini, y la posterior evolución de su diseño en esos modelos.
Impatiens cyclosepalaHook. f. ex W.W. Sm. – a new species record for the flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Tiwari Umeshkumar L. , Chowlu Krishna , Borah Souravjyoti
Published: October 2018

The paper reportsImpatiens cyclosepalaHook. f. ex W.W. Sm. as a new addition for India from Arunachal Pradesh. The species was, till to-date, known only from more than a 100 years old collection from NW Yunnan.
The Analysis of the Degree of Flood Risk in the Middle Bobr Valley
Authors: Hudak Magda , Kołodziejczyk Urszula , Kostecki Jakub , Nowogoński Ireneusz , Żebrowska Marta
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the impact of rainfall on the degree of flood risk in the basin of the middle Bobr River in western Poland. When the average rainfall level reaches 15 to 20 mm, this apparently calm river may dramatically change its character within just one week. The most important flood risks are flood waves in the headwaters. Because of the mountain character of the river basin, during intensive rainfall there is a huge surface runoff and the water level rises rapidly in the river. This phenomenon was observed in June 2017 in the town of Zagan (Lubuskie Voivodeship).

It has been shown that the course and dynamics of hydrological processes occurring in the Bobr River basin depend on its physical and geographical characteristics and the influence of anthropogenic factors. The location is one of the main cause of numerous floods for Zagan, on the other hand changes in land development plays significant meaning in flood hazards. Continuous monitoring of the river is the basis for a comprehensive forecast of flood risks.
ALK Mutation Status in EGFR-negative Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients in Bulgaria
Authors: Djambazov Slaveyko N. , Vekov Toni Y. , Mekov Evgeni V. , Slavchev Georgi S. , Petkov Rosen E. , Kostadinov Dimitar T. , Konteva Ljubliana T.
Published: October 2018

Background: Patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement mutation are found to be 3–13%.

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of ALK mutations in EGFR-negative NSCLC patients in Bulgaria.

Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-two patients with EGFR-negative NSCLC were examined for ALK mutation analysis between January and June 2016. Data were obtained from patients’ register of four major oncological hospitals in Bulgaria.

Results: Data were available for 124 (93.9%) patients, tumor mass was insufficient for analysis in 8 (6.1%) patients. Most of the patients were with adenocarcinoma (82 patients, 62.1%); 11 patients (8.3%) were with squamous histology and 2 patients (1.5%) were with other type of NSCLC. Histology data were missing in 37 patients (28.0%). ALK mutation was confirmed in 5 patients (3.8%), 119 (90.2%) patients had ALK wild type. ALK positive patients were with adenocarcinoma (n=3), squamous cell carcinoma (n=1) and other type (n=1) NSCLC. All ALK mutations were observed in never smokers (n=3) and former smokers (n=2).

Conclusion: The present study is the first of this kind in Bulgaria – it investigates the prevalence of ALK mutation rate in EGFR-negative NSCLC patients, which was found to be 3.8%. The presence of EGFR, ALK or other driver mutations is a prerequisite for targeted therapy and thus needs to be accurately assessed in NSCLC.
Adjacent Single-level Combined Fixation Using Kyphoplasty and Percutaneous Pedicle Screws in Type A3 Unstable Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Patients
Authors: Ortin-Barcelo Antonio , Ortolà Morales David J. , Rosa Michele Attilio , Fenga Domenico , Bañuls-Pattarelli Miguel A. , Lopez-Prats Fernando A.
Published: October 2018

We present a series of cases of type A3.1.2 unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar hinge treated percutaneously with third-generation kyphoplasty and only one next level percutaneous screws. Four women aged 75 to 85 years with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, classified as type A.3.1.2, were treated with Precept® monosegmental percutaneous fixation and the third-generation SpineJack® augmentation system.

The traditional treatment of type A3 unstable vertebral wedging fractures is performed with transpedicular fixation of two or more levels adjacent to the fracture causing great rigidity. Recently, the concept of bridge fixation combining one segment intrapedicular fixation with kyphoplasty has emerged as a more stable and less invasive system that allows greater mobility in this type of fractures. The combination of third-generation kyphoplasty and monosegmental bridge fixation may improve results to other fixation systems in type A3 vertebral fractures.
Autofluorescence and White Light Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Endobronchial Malignant Lesions
Authors: Andreev Valeri Y. , Yanev Nikolay A. , Stanimirov Stefan K. , Ivanov Ivan N. , Popovska Savelina L. , Hristova Petkana A. , Ivanov Yavor Y.
Published: October 2018

Background: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) allows a more sensitive approach to the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant endobronchial lesions than white light bronchoscopy (WLB) can do.

Aim: To assess the autofluorescence bronchoscopy and white light bronchoscopy in diagnosing malignant endobronchial lesions.

Materials and methods: The design of the study is a retrospective case-control study. Thirty-two parameters were entered into an Excel file and analysed with SPSS v. 21 for Mac book Pro. Endoscopy findings were graded in 4 options and morphological results - in 9 options according to WHO classification. The results are presented using McNemar’s test and sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values as well.

Results: Three hundred and three patients were included in the study. Lung cancer was found in 38.3% of the patients using histology and in 35.6% - using cytology. McNemar’s test for AFB finding for suspected and malignant lesions OR was 8.333 (95% CI 3.571-23.784) while for WLB OR was 0.128 (95% CI 0.045-0.299). For cytological results OR was 3.800 (95% CI 2.123-7.227) and 3.471 (95% CI 1.996-6.351), respectively. P value was <0.0001 for all tests. Sensitivity for AFB and WLB was 94.83% but specificity was 52.83% and 55.66% if histology was used. For cytology these numbers were respectively 86.11% and 84.26% for sensitivity, and 63.69% and 62.42% for specificity.

Conclusion: AFB has an advantage over WLB in diagnosing endobronchial malignant lesions. Biopsying suspicious, not only visible malignant lesions, increased diagnostic sensitivity.
Tensile and Surface Mechanical Properties of Polyethersulphone (PES) and Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Membranes
Authors: Kotsilkova Rumiana , Borovanska Irena , Todorov Peter , Ivanov Evgeni , Menseidov Dzhihan , Chakraborty Sudip , Bhattacharjee Chiranjib
Published: October 2018

Mechanical properties of polymer membranes (strength, hardness and elasticity) are very important parameters for the application performance, e.g. water purification. We study the tensile and surface mechanical properties of hollow fiber and flat sheets mat membranes based on PES and PVDF polymers. Tensile test, nanoindentation and atom force microscopy are used for characterization at macro and nanoscale. Mechanical properties are correlated with pore structure of membranes. The reinforced PVDF HF hollow fiber membranes show 30-fold higher stiffness and 3-fold higher hardness compared to non-reinforced PES HF. Surface mechanical properties of flat sheet membranes are strongly improved by decreasing the pore size. The smoothest surface with 100–200 nm roughness has the best surface mechanical performance obtained by nanoindentation.
Architectured helically coiled scaffolds from elastomeric poly(butylene succinate)(PBS) copolyester via wet electrospinning
Authors: Sonseca Agueda , Sahay Rahul , Stepien Karolina , Bukała Julia , Wcislek Aleksandra , McClain Andrew , Sobolewski Peter , Sui XiaoMeng , Puskas Judit E. , Kohn Joachim , Wagner H. Daniel , El Fray Miroslawa
Published: October 2018

Electrospinning is one of the most investigated methods used to produce polymeric fiber structures that mimic the morphology of native extracellular matrix. These structures have been extensively studied in the context of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. However, the compactness of materials obtained by traditional electrospinning, collected as two-dimensional non-woven scaffolds, can limit cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. In addition, for applications in smooth muscle tissue engineering, highly elastic scaffolds capable of withstanding cyclic mechanical strains without suffering significant permanent deformations are preferred. In order to address these challenges, we report the fabrication of microscale 3D helically coiled structures (referred as 3D-HCS) by wet-electrospinning method, a modification of the traditional electrospinning process in which a coagulation bath (non-solvent system for the electrospun material) is used as the collector. The present study, for the first time, successfully demonstrates the feasibility of using this method to produce various architectures of 3D-HCS from segmented copolyester of poly(butylene succinate-co- dilinoleic succinate) (PBS-DLS), a thermoplastic elastomer. A mechanism for the HCS formation is proposed and verified with experimental data. Fabricated 3D-HCS showed high specific surface area, high porosity, and good elasticity. Further, the marked increase in cell proliferation on 3D-HCS confirmed the suitability of these materials as scaffolds for soft tissue engineering.
Modeling the Influence of Correlated Molecular Disorder on the Dynamics of Excitons in Organic Molecular Semiconductors
Authors: Lee Chee Kong , Shi Liang , Willard Adam
Published: October 2018

In this Letter, we investigate the role of correlated molecular disorder on the dynamics of excitons in oligothiophene-based organic semiconductors. We simulate exciton dynamics using the Frenkel exciton model and we derive parameters for this model so that they reflect the specific characteristics of all-atom molecular systems. By systematically modifying the parameters of the Frenkel exciton model we isolate the influence of spatial and temporal molecular correlations on the dynamics of excitons in these systems. We find that the molecular fluctuations inherent to these systems exhibit long-lived memory effects, but that these effects do not significantly influence the dynamic properties of excitons. We also find that excitons can be sensitive to the molecular-scale spatial correlations, and that this sensitivity grows with the amount of energetic disorder within the material. We conclude that control over spatial correlations can mitigate the negative influence of disorder on exciton transport.
The effect of age on white light perception.
Authors: Van der Westhuyzen Jacobus Gideon , Leuschner Frederick Wilhelm
Published: October 2018

The way that persons from different age groups experience “white light” is investigated. Human eye lens transmission changes spectrally with age and this may influence the way that humans from different ages experiences light. Such a difference may be important in industrial and medical environments. Two different age groups, one group younger than 40 years of age and another group older than 50 years of age were subjected to the same “white” definition task. A conventional single-booth setup was used where observers were able to adjust the intensity of four coloured LED’s. Results of the psychophysical test procedure were used to generate specifications of two light sources, as selected by the two age groups. The two age groups selected two very different light sources when tasked to achieve a “perception” of white. Results show that the older group prefers a source with a colour rendering index number of 89 and the younger group prefers a source with a colour rendering index number of 74. The sources selected by the two age groups specifies correlated colour temperature values of 5150 K for the older age group and 6592 K for the younger group.
Productivity Measurement in the Digital Age
Authors: Pells Sharon
Published: October 2018

Mismeasurement of productivity is one possible explanation for the global productivity slowdown in recent decades. This article discusses the challenges of measuring productivity in the digital age. The article covers some background about the productivity slowdown and about productivity measurement, the pressure that the growth in the digital economy is putting on productivity measurement, some estimates of mismeasurement from other countries, and the implications for New Zealand. The main conclusion is that, despite measurement issues, the productivity slowdown in New Zealand and elsewhere cannot simply be written off as measurement error. A further conclusion is that the digital economy has many benefits that fall outside conventional productivity measurement.
Pengaruh Permainan Tradisional Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa SMP
Authors: Hadi Purwaka , Sinring Abdullah , Aryani Farida
Published: October 2018

This study aims to determine the description of traditional games as a medium of counseling in improving the social skills of students and know the influence of traditional games as a medium of counseling in improving students' social skills. The research used quasi experiment with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design design research. The samples used purposive sampling with 12 experimental group and 12 control group. Instrument using social skill scale. The findings of this study reveal that 1) the level of social skills of students in SMP Negeri 18 Makassar before being treated in the form of traditional games are in the "low" category and after being given a traditional game increases or is in the 'high' category. 2) there is a significant positive effect of traditional games in improving students' social skills. That is, the students' social skills can be improved by the provision of traditional games.
Derajat Stres Mahasiswa Baru Fakultas Kedokteran Ditinjau Dari Tingkat Penyesuaian Diri Terhadap Tuntutan Akademik
Authors: Maulina Bania , Sari Dwi Retno
Published: October 2018

People encounter many changes in the first year of college. It was related to adjustment’s problems, which was a serious problem that must be faced when entered college. Adaptation to new environment can make individual experienced stress. The various studies have shown that medical students experienced stress more higher than non-medical program students. Students who are experiencing extreme stress or depressed require serious attention cause it can have an adverse effect on learning process, achievement and even intent to suicide. This research involved 49 medical students. It took to determine the correlation between level of adjustment to academic demands and stress degree on new students in Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of North Sumatra, T.A 2016-2017. Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 Test) were used to collect relevant data on adjustment rates and stress levels. Data were analyzed by using Spearman correlation test. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between adjustment rates to academic demands with stress level on new students with p value of 0.001 (p <0.05) and r value of -0.697.
Sistem Akumulasi Sanksi: Usulan Perubahan Kategorisasi dan Akumulasi Penetapan Sanksi untuk Pelanggaran Etik Kedokteran
Authors: Prawiroharjo Pukovisa , Purwadianto Agus , Budiningsih Yuli
Published: October 2018

Suatu pelanggaran etik yang dinilai berat senantiasa tersusun atas akumulasi dan eskalasi dari perilaku pelanggaran etik dengan bobot di bawahnya (sedang dan ringan). Oleh karena itu, penetapan sanksi etik lebih menjunjung keadilan jika juga diberlakukan akumulatif dan eskalatif. Hal ini memastikan bahwa setiap pelanggaran etik akan mendapatkan sanksi yang berfokus pada pembinaan perilaku, karena tujuan utama dari pemberian sanksi sejatinya ialah perubahan karakter dan perilaku untuk menjadi lebih baik, demikian pula tujuan utama Majelis Kehormatan Etik Kedokteran Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (MKEK IDI) yang adalah pembinaan perilaku dan karakter dokter menjadi lebih mulia. Oleh karena itu, kami mengusulkan pembagian sanksi etik menjadi tiga kategori: kategori 1 (pembinaan perilaku), kategori 2 (penginsafan tanpa pemecatan), dan kategori 3 (penginsafan dengan pemecatan sementara), yang cocok untuk masing-masing pelanggaran etik ringan, sedang, dan berat, serta sistem pemberlakuannya yang akumulatif.