bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Initiating Parenteral Nutrition at Home, Home Start PN, in Advanced Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Chunmeng , Yanala Ujwal , Addula Mounika , Adams Sherry , Ocken Louise , Skiendziel Patricia , Bodkins Tia , Foster Jason M.
Published: December 2024

Background: Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis often experience intestinal failure throughout the course of their disease, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can be used as a temporary solution or as a bridge to definitive cytoreductive surgery. Guidelines for TPN are well established for inpatients and in 2014, guidelines were established for the initiation of TPN for outpatients in a home setting. However, the safety and efficacy of home start TPN in advanced oncology patients remain unknown. This study aims to explore the safety and efficacy of starting TPN in the home setting for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Method: Health records of advanced cancer patients receiving TPN during 2009–2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to diagnosis, demographics, nutritional parameters, and outcomes including hospital readmission rates were collected. Safety was measured based on catheter-related complications and hospital admissions related to electrolyte or fluid imbalance due to TPN. Efficacy was determined by weight gain/stability and pre-albumin and albumin levels. The Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Seventy TPN patients were identified, of which forty-two were home start (HS) and twenty-eight were in hospital (HP). The two groups were not significantly different in age, (HS: mean = 58.3 ± 13.9; HP: mean = 58.0 ± 13; p = 0.95), baseline body weight (p = 0.13), baseline albumin (p = 0.26) or pre-albumin (p = 0.48). At the end of treatment, the HS and HP groups had similar percentages of patients experiencing weight gain/stability (75% vs. 47%, p = 0.1), stable/increased pre-albumin (68% vs. 65%, p = 1), and stable/increased albumin levels (48% vs. 59%, p = 0.58). There was no difference in observed readmission between the groups (p = 0.79). At the end of treatment, 48% of the HS group and 36% of the HP group resumed an oral diet. Conclusions: This is the first study to present a comparison between home and hospital start TPN in advanced cancer patients, demonstrating that the initiation of outpatient TPN in the home setting is as safe and efficacious as TPN initiated in the hospital.
Correction: Tsuneki et al. Deep Learning-Based Screening of Urothelial Carcinoma in Whole Slide Images of Liquid-Based Cytology Urine Specimens. Cancers 2023, 15, 226
Authors: Tsuneki Masayuki , Abe Makoto , Kanavati Fahdi
Published: December 2024

There were errors in the original publication [...]
Clinical Introduction of Stem Cell Sparing Radiotherapy to Reduce the Risk of Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: van Rijn-Dekker Maria I. , van der Schaaf Arjen , Nienhuis Sanne W. , Arents-Huls Antoinette S. , Ger Rachel B. , Hamming-Vrieze Olga , Hoebers Frank J. P. , de Ridder Mischa , Vigorito Sabrina , Zwijnenburg Ellen M. , Langendijk Johannes A. , van Luijk Peter , Steenbakkers Roel J. H. M.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Studies have shown that dose to the parotid gland stem cell rich (SCR) regions should be reduced to lower the risk of xerostomia after radiotherapy (RT). This study aimed to assess whether stem cell sparing (SCS)-RT can be adopted in routine clinical practice. Methods: Multiple planning studies were performed to compare SCS-RT with standard (ST)-RT using 30 head and neck cancer patients. Shifts in mean dose to the SCR regions (Dmean,SCR) and other organs at risk and their estimated impact on normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for side-effects were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A multicenter study was performed (eight institutions, three patients) to test the generalizability of SCS-RT using the Friedman test. Results: Using photons, Dmean,SCR was reduced with median 4.1/3.5 Gy for ipsilateral/contralateral (p < 0.001). The largest reductions were when the SCR regions overlapped less with target volumes. Subsequently, NTCPs for xerostomia decreased (p < 0.001). Using protons, Dmean,SCR was also reduced (2.2/1.9 Gy for ipsilateral/contralateral, p < 0.002). Nevertheless, SCS-RT did not further decrease NTCPs for xerostomia (p > 0.17). Target coverage and prevention of other side-effects were not compromised. However, increased mean oral cavity dose was observed in some patients. Lastly, in the multicenter study Dmean,SCR could be reduced by slightly adjusting the standard optimization. Contralateral Dmean,SCR reductions differed between centers (p = 0.01), which was attributed to differences in ST-RT plans. Conclusions: Stem cell sparing radiotherapy can be clinically introduced by making small adjustments to the optimization strategy and can reduce the risk of xerostomia.
A Simplified Model of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Using SKH1 Mice
Authors: French Benjamin W. , Breidenbach Joshua D. , Yassine Shereen G. , Khatib-Shahidi Bella Z. , Kazmi Sara , Murphy Caitlin M. , Bashir Humza S. , Benson Evan M. , Timalsina Bivek , Shrestha Upasana , Faleel Dhilhani , Boyapalli Satkeerth , Dube Prabhatchandra , Lad Apurva , Syed Irum , Malhotra Deepak , Gohara Amira , Kennedy David J. , Haller Steven T.
Published: December 2024

Commonly used adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) murine models often employ C57BL/6 mice; however, this strain has inherent limitations due to its natural resistance to developing key pathological features of CKD, such as tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation. There have been attempts to overcome these barriers by using multiple concentrations of adenine-supplemented diets or by performing prolonged experiments up to 20 weeks. Here, we demonstrate that SKH1 Elite mice develop clinically relevant CKD phenotypes (e.g., polyuria, proteinuria, inflammation, and renal fibrosis) over the course of only 6 weeks of low-dose (0.15%) adenine supplementation. As a docile, immunocompetent, and hairless strain, SKH1 Elite mice offer several logistical advantages over C57BL/6 mice, including ease of handling and the ability to study dermal conditions, which are often secondary to CKD.
Integrative Analysis of Chromatin Accessibility and Transcriptional Landscape Identifies Key Genes During Muscle Development in Pigs
Authors: Zhang Dongjie , Zhang Qian , Wu Xiaoxu , Wang Liang , Zhang Xiaohan , Liu Di , Yang Xiuqin
Published: December 2024

Many efforts have been made to reveal the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle development because of its importance in animals. However, knowledge on chromatin accessibility, a prerequisite for gene expression, remains limited. Here, dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility were analyzed in the skeletal muscles of Min pigs at the ages of 30, 90, and 210 d using an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). A total of 16,301 differentially accessible regions (DARs) associated with 7455 genes were identified among three developmental stages. Seven out of eight DARs selected for a functional analysis were found to regulate reporter gene expression significantly (p < 0.05), indicating that DARs are active in gene expression. A total of 2219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Through integrated analyses of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data, 54 DEG_DAR_genes and 61 transcription factors (TFs) were characterized as critical for muscle development. Among them, Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), targeted to 36 DEG_DAR_genes, was the most important TF. The effects of KLF5 on DEG_DAR_gene expression were then analyzed with molecular biology techniques. KLF5 was found to regulate SLPI (secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor) expression by directly binding to the promoter; KLF5 was also involved in APOA1 (apolipoprotein A-I) expression through affecting the regulatory role of DAR located in the intron. These results indicate that the TFs identified were functional. Altogether, the chromatin accessibility region, TFs, and genes important for muscle development in Min pigs were identified. The results provide novel data for further revealing the mechanisms underlying the epigenetic regulation of muscle development.
Mechanistic Insights into the Adenosine A1 Receptor’s Positive Allosteric Modulation for Non-Opioid Analgesics
Authors: Weizmann Tal , Pearce Abigail , Griffin Peter , Schild Achille , Flaßhoff Maren , Grossenbacher Philipp , Lochner Martin , Reynolds Christopher A. , Ladds Graham , Deganutti Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) is a promising target for pain treatment. However, the development of therapeutic agonists is hampered by adverse effects, mainly including sedation, bradycardia, hypotension, or respiratory depression. Recently discovered molecules able to overcome this impediment are the positive allosteric modulator MIPS521 and the A1R-selective agonist BnOCPA, which are both potent and powerful analgesics with fewer side effects. While BnOCPA directly activates the A1R from the canonical orthosteric site, MIPS521 binds to an allosteric site, acting in concert with orthosteric adenosine and tuning its pharmacology. Given their overlapping profile in pain models but distinct mechanisms of action, we combined pharmacology and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations to address MIPS521 and BnOCPA activity and their reciprocal influence when bound to the A1R. We show that MIPS521 changes adenosine and BnOCPA G protein selectivity in opposite ways and propose a structural model where TM7 dynamics are differently affected and involved in the G protein preferences of adenosine and BnOCPA.
Mural Cells Initiate Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Adjacent Endothelial Cells in Extracranial AVMs
Authors: Mehdi Syed J. , Zhang Haihong , Sun Ravi W. , Richter Gresham T. , Strub Graham M.
Published: December 2024

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (eAVMs) are complex vascular lesions characterized by anomalous arteriovenous connections, vascular instability, and disruptions in endothelial cell (EC)-to-mural cell (MC) interactions. This study sought to determine whether eAVM-MCs could induce endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a process known to disrupt vascular integrity, in the eAVM microenvironment. eAVM and paired control tissues were analyzed using RT-PCR for EC (CD31, CD34, and CDH5) and EndMT-specific markers (SNAI1, SNAI2, ACTA2/α-SMA, N-cadherin/CDH2, VIM). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed to analyze MC- (PDGFR-β and α-SMA), EC (CD31, CD34, and CDH5), and EndMT-specific markers (CDH2 and SNAI1) in sequential paraffin-embedded sections of eAVM patient biopsies and in adjacent normal tissue biopsies from the same patients. Furthermore, eAVM-MCs and MCs from normal paired tissues (NMCs) were then isolated from fresh human surgical samples using flow cytometry and co-cultured with normal human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), followed by analysis of CD31 by immunofluorescence. RT-PCR analysis did not show a significant difference in the expression of EC markers between eAVM tissues and controls, whereas expression of EndMT-specific markers was upregulated in eAVM tissues compared to controls. IHC of eAVMs and paired control tissues demonstrated regions of significant perivascular eAVM-MC expansion (PDGFR-β+, and α-SMA+) surrounding dilated, morphologically abnormal vessels. These regions contained endothelium undergoing EndMT as evidenced by loss of CD31, CD34, and CDH5 expression and upregulation of the EndMT-associated genes CDH2 and SNAI1. Isolated eAVM-MCs induced loss of CD31 in HUVECs when grown in co-culture, while NMCs did not. This study suggests that the eAVM endothelium surrounded by expanded eAVM-MCs undergoes EndMT, potentially leading to the formation of dilated and fragile vessels, and implicates the eAVM-MCs in EndMT initiation and eAVM pathology.
Lower Plasma Lactate Concentrations After Training Support the Hypothesis of Improved Metabolic Flexibility in Male Long-Term Selected Marathon Mice Compared to Unselected Controls
Authors: Brenmoehl Julia , Meyer Zianka , Walz Christina , Ohde Daniela , Hoeflich Andreas
Published: December 2024

Metabolic flexibility describes the capability to switch between oxidative fuels depending on their availability during diet or exercise. In a previous study, we demonstrated that in response to training, marathon (DUhTP) mice, paternally selected for high treadmill performance, are metabolically more flexible than unselected control (DUC) mice. Since exercise-associated metabolic flexibility can be assessed by indirect calorimetry or partially by circulating lactate concentrations, we investigated these parameters in DUhTP and DUC mice. Therefore, males of both lines completed a three-week high-speed treadmill training or were physically inactive (sedentary) before being placed in a metabolic cage for three days (one day of acclimatization, two days with monitoring), measuring CO2 and O2 to calculate respiratory quotient (RQ) and fatty acid oxidation (FATox). Circulating blood lactate concentrations were determined. Training resulted in a lower RQ in DUhTP and an increased RQ in DUC mice compared to their sedentary counterparts. Increased FATox rates and lower lactate concentrations were observed in exercised DUhTP but not in DUC mice, indicating a shift to oxidative metabolism in DUhTP and a glycolytic one in DUC mice. Therefore, improved metabolic flexibility in DUhTP mice is verifiable up to three days after training.
Correction: Yu et al. The Role of circTmeff-1 in Morphine Addiction Memory of Mice. Cells 2023, 12, 1985
Authors: Yu Hailei , Wen Boyang , Lu Yun , Xie Bing , Yu Feng , Zhang Minglong , Ma Chunling , Cong Bin , Wen Di , Bi Haitao
Published: December 2024

In the original publication [...]
Nuclear Structure, Size Regulation, and Role in Cell Migration
Authors: Li Yuhao , Ge Shanghao , Liu Jiayi , Sun Deseng , Xi Yang , Chen Pan
Published: December 2024

The nucleus serves as a pivotal regulatory and control hub in the cell, governing numerous aspects of cellular functions, including DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. Therefore, any deviations in nuclear morphology, structure, or organization can strongly affect cellular activities. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the structure and function of nuclear components, focusing on the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex, the nuclear envelope, the nuclear lamina, and chromatin. Additionally, nuclear size should be considered a fundamental parameter for the cellular state. Its regulation is tightly linked to environmental changes, development, and various diseases, including cancer. Hence, we also provide a concise overview of different mechanisms by which nuclear size is determined, the emerging role of the nucleus as a mechanical sensor, and the implications of altered nuclear morphology on the physiology of diseased cells.
Development of Pyramidal Microwells for Enhanced Cell Spheroid Formation in a Cell-on-Chip Microfluidic System for Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Wongpakham Tepparit , Chunfong Thanapat , Jeamsaksiri Wutthinan , Chessadangkul Kriengkai , Bhanpattanakul Sudchaya , Kallayanathum Wirakan , Tharasanit Theerawat , Pimpin Alongkorn
Published: December 2024

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture models provide in vivo-like conditions for studying cell physiology. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of pyramidal microwell geometries in microfluidic devices on spheroid formation, cell growth, viability, and differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The static culture using the hanging drop (HD) method served as a control. The microfluidic chips were fabricated to have varying pyramidal tip angles, including 66°, 90°, and 106°. From flow simulations, when the tip angle increased, streamline distortion decreased, resulting in more uniform flow and a lower velocity gradient near the spheroids. These findings demonstrate the significant influence of microwell geometry on fluid dynamics. The 90° microwells provide optimal conditions, including uniform flow and reduced shear stress, while maintaining the ability for waste removal, resulting in superior spheroid growth compared to the HD method and other microwell designs. From the experiments, by Day 3, spheroids in the 90° microwells reached approximately 400 µm in diameter which was significantly larger than those in the 66° microwells, 106° microwells, and HD cultures. Brachyury gene expression in the 90° microwells was four times higher than the HD method, indicating enhanced mesodermal differentiation essential for cardiac differentiation. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed cardiomyocyte differentiation. In conclusion, microwell geometry significantly influences 3D cell culture outcomes. The pyramidal microwells with a 90° tip angle proved most effective in promoting spheroid growth and cardiac differentiation of mESC differentiation, providing insights for optimizing microfluidic systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Myeloid Cell Mobilization and Recruitment by Human Mesothelioma in NSG-SGM3 Mice
Authors: Shindyapin Vadim V. , Gubernatorova Ekaterina O. , Gorshkova Ekaterina A. , Chicherina Nelya R. , Sysonov Fedor A. , Yakovleva Anastasia S. , Bogdanova Daria A. , Demidov Oleg N. , Samsonova Mariya V. , Baklaushev Vladimir P. , Yusubalieva Gaukhar M. , Drutskaya Marina S.
Published: December 2024

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a neoplasm that is often detected late due to nonspecific symptoms. This study utilized NSG-SGM3 mice to examine interactions between a human-derived mesothelioma reporter cell line (MZT-Luc2-mCherry) and the host’s myeloid compartment. Tumor growth was assessed using optical tomography, while cytokine/chemokine production was analyzed via multiplex assay. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses validated the epithelioid mesothelioma phenotype. In vitro mesothelioma cells secreted factors associated with myeloid cell chemoattraction and functions supporting the previously reported myeloid-biased secretory phenotype. In line with this, post-engraftment analysis revealed increased neutrophil-like Ly6G+ populations and decreased Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes in the blood of tumor-bearing mice. Significant Ly6G+ cell infiltration was observed in the tumor, while CD11b+ myeloid cells were localized primarily in the tumor periphery. Tumor lysates showed increased levels of neutrophil chemoattractants and G-CSF, suggesting a previously not reported role of neutrophils in mesothelioma progression. This novel model provides a platform for studying mesothelioma–host interactions, focusing on the myeloid compartment. It may also serve as a tool to facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cell-mediated mechanisms in mesothelioma.
Optimization of Spray Drying Conditions for a Capsicum chinense Leaf Extract Rich in Polyphenols Obtained by Ultrasonic Probe/NADES
Authors: Avilés-Betanzos Kevin Alejandro , Cauich-Rodríguez Juan Valerio , Ramírez-Sucre Manuel Octavio , Rodríguez-Buenfil Ingrid Mayanin
Published: December 2024

Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is known for its heat and culinary uses, especially in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Its leaves, rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, have been traditionally used in medicinal practices and are gaining interest for health benefits. Efficient green extraction methods, such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), combined with microencapsulation, can improve the stability and application of these compounds in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aimed to determine the optimal microencapsulation parameters using response surface methodology, implementing a 22 central composite design with 4 central points of habanero leaf extracts obtained by sonic probe with NADES. The factors evaluated were the percentage of guar gum (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and the drying temperature (80 °C, 90 °C, and 100 °C). The extracts were spray-dried with maltodextrin (DE17-20), guar gum, and modified starch as encapsulating agents. The total polyphenol content (TPC), polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacity methods like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) or ABTS were analyzed. The best results for TPC and ABTS antioxidant capacity were achieved using 7.5% guar gum (GG) at 90 °C. At 104 °C, with the same GG concentration, the microcapsules maintained a high antioxidant capacity. Optimal conditions for TPC, DPPH, and neohesperidin were identified as 7.8% GG/89.4 °C, 8.06% GG/104.1 °C, and 4% GG/75.85 °C, respectively. The resulting powder exhibited high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, highlighting successful microencapsulation.
Progress in the Experimental Design and Performance Characterization of Artificial Accelerated Photodegradation of Wood
Authors: Chen Yushu , Gao Ying , Duan Haoran , Xu Xin
Published: December 2024

Wood, a natural and renewable material, is extensively utilized in furniture, construction, and outdoor landscapes due to its sustainability and esthetic appeal. However, exposure to environmental elements, particularly sunlight, leads to photodegradation, affecting wood’s chemical and physical structure. This degradation results in color fading, increased surface roughness, and reduced mechanical properties, shortening the lifespan of wooden products. Artificial accelerated photodegradation tests have become a crucial method for studying wood’s aging process under controlled laboratory conditions, mimicking prolonged exposure to sunlight. This review explores the mechanisms behind wood photodegradation, focusing on the effects of UV radiation on wood’s major components—cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives. Additionally, it summarizes the latest advancements in experimental design for artificial aging tests, including factors like radiation source selection, temperature, and humidity control. The paper also highlights performance characterization methods for evaluating the impact of photodegradation on wood’s physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Understanding these processes is essential for enhancing the durability of wood products and developing effective treatments for wood preservation in outdoor environments.
Increasing the Resistance of Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steels Against Pitting Corrosion by a γ-Irradiated Self-Assembled Amphiphilic Molecular Layer
Authors: Pfeifer Éva Kocsisné , May Zoltán , Mohai Miklós Péter , Mink János , Gyurika István Gábor , Telegdi Judit
Published: December 2024

This study, based on our previous research, aims to quantitatively determine the enhanced protection of austenitic stainless steels against pitting corrosion in NaCl solution by self-assembled molecular (SAM) layers, in their original form and after γ-irradiation. This study focuses on four stainless steels of varying compositions, covered by self-assembled undecenyl phosphonic acid layers. The metal dissolution in corrosion experiments was measured by a special, highly sensitive analytical technique using the inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The comparison of the dissolved metal ion concentrations measured in the presence of different metals with and without nanocoatings allowed the evaluation of the anticorrosion effectiveness of nanofilms as well as the importance of the alloying elements. The ICP-OES results demonstrated that the quality of layers have a significant impact on anticorrosion efficacy. The γ-irradiated self-assembled layers were the most effective in controlling the dissolution of stainless steels. The mechanisms of the inhibition in the presence of these nanolayers were elucidated by infrared spectroscopy. First of all, it revealed the differences in the adsorption of the undecenyl phosphonic acid self-assembled layer, both with and without γ-irradiation. The other important observation that confirmed the increased anticorrosion efficiency after γ-irradiation proved the formation of a more compact, polymer-like layer over the metal surface. The increased anticorrosion efficacy, defined as the enhancement in Pitting Resistance Equivalent Numbers (PRENs) in the presence of self-assembled layers (either pre- or post-γ-irradiation), can be documented.
High Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welding Joints via In Situ Rolling
Authors: Wang Wei , Meng Xiangchen , Xie Yuming , Wang Naijie , Ma Xiaotian , Gao Jiaze , Huang Yongxian
Published: December 2024

Despite the extensive use of 7xxx aluminum alloys in aerospace, intergranular corrosion is yet to be appropriately addressed. In this work, in situ rolling friction stir welding (IRFSW) was proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of joints via microstructural design. A gradient-structured layer was successfully constructed on the surface of the joint, and the corrosion resistance was improved by in situ rolling. The intergranular corrosion depth of the IRFSW joint was reduced by 59.8% compared with conventional joints. The improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the redissolved precipitates, the disappearance of precipitate-free zones, and the discontinuous distribution of grain boundary precipitates. This study offers new insights for enhancing the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy FSW joints.
Effects of Surface-Modified Hap on the Properties of Bioceramic Paste for Sla-3D Printing
Authors: Li Shasha , Zou Bin , Chen Qinghua
Published: December 2024

Recent advancements in additive manufacturing have sparked investments in hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation for tailored preparations. The objective of this study is twofold: to achieve a stable dispersion of HAP in the monomer reaction mixture; and to optimize the characteristics of the resulting polymerization product. By modifying hydroxyapatite with cis-9-Octadecenoamide (OAA); stearic acid (SA); and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (A1100); we found that OAA-HAP exhibits the highest wettability with water and resin; along with the most effective dispersion within the paste. Following the optimization of the solid loading of the HAP paste to 50 wt.%, we investigated the relationship between printing process parameters and curing depth across pastes containing modified hydroxyapatite. Finally; the printed hemispherical shells; both with and without φ600 μm holes; demonstrated the efficacy of our printing approach
Effect of Paste Film Thickness on Workability and Strength of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Mortar
Authors: Liu He , Zou Haonan , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Ji , Zhang Jian , Tang Yu , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2024

In order to better understand the effect of compositional parameters on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortar, the relationship between the thickness of paste film and the workability and strength of MPC mortar is revealed. A three-parameter filling density prediction model is adopted to study the filling density of sand with different gradations. The validity of the three-parameter filling density prediction model is validated by experimental results. The thickness of the paste film of MPC mortar is calculated with different sand gradations. The results show that the thickness of paste film has a great influence on the slump flow and strength of MPC mortar. The linear positive relationship between paste film thickness and slump flow of MPC mortar. At different sand-to-binder ratios, there is no significant linear relationship between the thickness of the paste film and the mechanical properties. But under the same sand-to-binder ratio, there is an optional thickness of paste film for the strength of the MPC mortar. Comprehensively considering the workability and mechanical properties, magnesium phosphate cement mortar’s optimal paste film thickness ranges from 73 µm to 74 µm. When designing the proportion of magnesium phosphate cement, the appropriate thickness of the paste film can be selected according to the different engineering types and construction environments.
Laser Preparation and Underwater Drag-Reduction Performance of Secondary Fractal–V Groove Composite Structures on the Surface of Equal-Diameter Revolution Bodies
Authors: Wang Yan , Hu Zhanpeng , Zhang Qian , Yang Zhisheng , Zhao Xueyan , Wang Yonghua
Published: December 2024

The reduction of drag for both aircraft and underwater equipment has the potential to reduce their overall energy consumption. Consequently, research into the drag-reducing performance of metal surfaces has significant practical applications. However, there has been more research on the machining of grooves on flat surfaces and inside tubes and less research on the structure of drag-reducing grooves on the outside of circular rods. This paper presents a study in which laser etching technology is employed to machine a range of secondary fractal topologies and V-groove composite structures on the surface of equal-diameter stainless-steel bodies of revolution. The influence of different parameters on the surface properties of stainless-steel materials is analysed through the use of auxiliary positioning tools, adjustments to laser processing parameters and scanning path schemes, as well as the characterisation of the surface morphology of the processed stainless steel using super-depth microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and other techniques. Subsequently, an underwater drag-reduction tester is employed to assess the drag-reduction efficacy of the optimised secondary fractal composite structure on the surface of the stainless-steel equal-diameter body of revolution. Subsequently, particle image velocity (PIV) tracking technology is employed to assess the surface flow field velocity and overall velocity average of the secondary fractal composite structure. The findings indicate that the secondary fractal composite structure exhibited a drag-reduction effect on the surface of the stainless-steel body of revolution only when the primary main groove had a width of 0.1 mm. Furthermore, an increase in the Reynolds number Re within the range of 4000 to 7000 resulted in a notable enhancement in the drag-reduction efficacy of the secondary fractal composite structure on the surface of the stainless-steel body of revolution. At Re values of 5000, 6000, and 7000, the corresponding drag-reduction rates were observed to be 5.15%, 5.28%, and 5.40%, respectively.
Effect of Oscillating Amplitude on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Laser Welding of Dissimilar Stainless Steel
Authors: Zeng Xianhui , Lu Chao , Zhu Quan , Cui Xiaoli , Li Zilin , Shi Wenqing , Zhang Ruihua , Liu Xiao , Tie Di
Published: December 2024

The development of oscillating laser beam welding (OLBW) provides an opportunity to improve the weld formation of dissimilar stainless steels. In this paper, the influence of oscillating amplitude on the weld formation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of dissimilar 430/5Cr15MoV stainless steel was studied. The results showed that the weld morphology became smooth and uniform with an increase in the oscillating amplitude, and there was no obvious defect on the surface. The formation mechanism of weld overflow defects on the weld surface was discussed. The width of the weld metal increased with an increase in oscillation amplitude. The influence of beam oscillation on the microstructure of the weld center was significant, i.e., the proportion of equiaxed grains in the center of the welds increased as the oscillation amplitude increased. The maximum microhardness of the weld was obtained at an amplitude of 1.5 mm. Moreover, the tensile strength of the welds reached 477 MPa, which was comparable to the tensile strength of the 430 stainless steel base material. The fracture modes of all welds were typical ductile fractures, which suggests that the oscillation amplitude had a minor effect on the fracture mechanism of the welds. This study provided a new approach to welding dissimilar stainless steels and offers guidance for the selection of an optimum oscillation amplitude.
Two-Party Threshold Private Set Intersection Protocols from Lightweight Cryptographic Primitives
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Zhao Chuan , Huang Yuchen , Song Xiangfu , Xu Qiuliang
Published: December 2024

Private Set Intersection (PSI) is a significant application of interest within Secure Multi-party Computation (MPC), even though we are still in the early stages of deploying MPC solutions to real-world problems. Threshold PSI (tPSI), a variant of PSI, allows two parties to determine the intersection of their respective sets only if the cardinality of the intersection is at least (or less than) a specified threshold t. In this paper, we propose a generic construction for two-party tPSI that extensively utilizes Oblivious Transfer (OT). Our approach is based on lightweight primitives and avoids costly public-key systems such as homomorphic encryption. We start by introducing the secret-sharing private membership test PMTss that is based on the secret-sharing private equality test PEQTss. The PMTss enables tPSI to be scaled for a wide range of practical applications, particularly benefiting parties with limited computational resources. Consequently, two distinct two-party tPSI protocols can be efficiently implemented: over-threshold PSI (t≤PSI) and under-threshold PSI t>PSI. In addition, we propose a lightweight two-party tPSI with limited leakage and a generic precomputing OT suitable for phased implementation. Experimental performance demonstrates that our protocols are highly efficient and computationally friendly, thus paving the way for broader deployment of tPSI solutions.
Crystal Structure of the Biocide Methylisothiazolinone
Authors: Goddard Richard , Seidel Rüdiger W. , Patzer Michael , Nöthling Nils
Published: December 2024

Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is widely used as a biocide in numerous personal care products, glass-cleaning liquids, paints, and industrial applications. MIT and related isothiazolinones have attracted much attention for their allergenic properties such as contact dermatitis. Although the compound was first prepared in 1964 and has been widely used as a biocide since the 1970s, its crystal structure has so far not been reported. Here we report the solid state structure of MIT as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis of a crystal grown from the melt. MIT crystallizes as a layered structure with short C-H···O hydrogen bonding interactions within the sheets. The average distance between the sheets parallel to (1 0 2) is ca. 3.2 Å. The molecule exhibits a small C-S-N angle of 90.81(2)° and a methyl group that is slightly bent out of the plane of the planar five-membered ring. The sulfur atom does not undergo any significant intermolecular interactions.
Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecosystem Services and Local Dominant Species in the Kunlun Mountains
Authors: Yuan Jianglong , Wang Ran , Liu Xiaohuang , Liu Jiufen , Xing Liyuan , Luo Xinping , Zhu Ping , Li Junnan , Wang Chao , Zhao Honghui
Published: December 2024

Constructing an ecological security pattern in ecologically fragile areas is crucial for maintaining regional ecological stability. This study focuses on the Kunlun Mountain region, identifying ecological sources based on habitat suitability assessments and ecosystem services. An ecological resistance evaluation index system is constructed, considering topography, land use, and habitat quality. The minimum cumulative resistance model is then applied to identify ecological corridors, with areas exhibiting higher ecological currents designated as ecological nodes. By integrating the spatial characteristics of ecosystem services, an ecological security pattern is established. The results are as follows: (1) The ecological source area covers approximately 11.30% of the study area. (2) The cumulative length of ecological corridors is 21,111 km, mainly distributed along valleys, gentle slopes, and oasis areas. (3) The areas of ecological nodes and ecological barriers are 126.75 km2 and 46.75 km2, respectively. Ecological nodes are mainly distributed on both sides of the Kunlun Mountains, while ecological barriers are primarily located in the central mountainous area of the Kunlun Mountains. (4) The findings recommend establishing an ecological security pattern consisting of “2 horizontal and 4 vertical corridors and 5 zones” to ensure the ecological security of the Kunlun Mountains. The integration of ecological corridors and ecosystem services in constructing a regional ecological security pattern provides valuable decision-making tools for protecting ecosystems and species in fragile areas.
Artificial Intelligence Unveils the Unseen: Mapping Novel Lung Patterns in Bronchiectasis via Texture Analysis
Authors: Nair Athira , Mohan Rakesh , Greeshma Mandya Venkateshmurthy , Benny Deepak , Patil Vikram , Madhunapantula SubbaRao V. , Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah , Chaya Sindaghatta Krishnarao , Khan Suhail Azam , Lokesh Komarla Sundararaja , Laila Muhlisa Muhammaed Ali , Vijayalakshmi Vadde , Karunakaran Sivasubramaniam , Sathish Shreya , Mahesh Padukudru Anand
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Thin-section CT (TSCT) is currently the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting bronchiectasis. However, conventional TSCT or HRCT may overlook subtle lung involvement such as alveolar and interstitial changes. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based analysis offers the potential to identify novel information on lung parenchymal involvement that is not easily detectable with traditional imaging techniques. This study aimed to assess lung involvement in patients with bronchiectasis using the Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS) and AI-based quantitative lung texture analysis software (IMBIO, Version 2.2.0). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 subjects diagnosed with bronchiectasis. The BRICS severity score was used to classify the severity of bronchiectasis into four categories: Mild, Moderate, Severe, and tractional bronchiectasis. Lung texture mapping using the IMBIO AI software tool was performed to identify abnormal lung textures, specifically focusing on detecting alveolar and interstitial involvement. Results: Based on the Bronchiectasis Radiologically Indexed CT Score (BRICS), the severity of bronchiectasis was classified as Mild in 4 (8.9%) participants, Moderate in 14 (31.1%), Severe in 11 (24.4%), and tractional in 16 (35.6%). AI-based lung texture analysis using IMBIO identified significant alveolar and interstitial abnormalities, offering insights beyond conventional HRCT findings. This study revealed trends in lung hyperlucency, ground-glass opacity, reticular changes, and honeycombing across severity levels, with advanced disease stages showing more pronounced structural and vascular alterations. Elevated pulmonary vascular volume (PVV) was noted in cases with higher BRICSs, suggesting increased vascular remodeling in severe and tractional types. Conclusions: AI-based lung texture analysis provides valuable insights into lung parenchymal involvement in bronchiectasis that may not be detectable through conventional HRCT. Identifying significant alveolar and interstitial abnormalities underscores the potential impact of AI on improving the understanding of disease pathology and disease progression, and guiding future therapeutic strategies.
Hepatic Steatosis Analysis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xiao , Song Yu-Yun , Jin Rui , Wang Zi-Long , Li Xiao-He , Yang Qiang , Teng Xiao , Liu Fang-Fang , Wu Nan , Xie Yan-Di , Rao Hui-Ying , Liu Feng
Published: December 2024

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, excluding excessive alcohol consumption and other known causes of liver injury. Animal models are often used to explore different pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets of MASLD. The aim of this study is to apply an artificial intelligence (AI) system based on second-harmonic generation (SHG)/two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) technology to automatically assess the dynamic patterns of hepatic steatosis in MASLD mouse models. Methods: We evaluated the characteristics of hepatic steatosis in mouse models of MASLD using AI analysis based on SHG/TPEF images. Six different models of MASLD were induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding with a western or high-fat diet, with or without fructose in their drinking water, and/or by weekly injections of carbon tetrachloride. Results: Body weight, serum lipids, and liver enzyme markers increased at 8 and 16 weeks in each model compared to baseline. Steatosis grade showed a steady upward trend. However, the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network (CRN) histological scoring method detected no significant difference between 8 and 16 weeks. In contrast, AI analysis was able to quantify dynamic changes in the area, number, and size of hepatic steatosis automatically and objectively, making it more suitable for preclinical MASLD animal experiments. Conclusions: AI recognition technology may be a new tool for the accurate diagnosis of steatosis in MASLD, providing a more precise and objective method for evaluating steatosis in preclinical murine MASLD models under various experimental and treatment conditions.
Federated Learning with Privacy Preserving for Multi- Institutional Three-Dimensional Brain Tumor Segmentation
Authors: Yahiaoui Mohammed Elbachir , Derdour Makhlouf , Abdulghafor Rawad , Turaev Sherzod , Gasmi Mohamed , Bennour Akram , Aborujilah Abdulaziz , Sarem Mohamed Al
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Brain tumors are complex diseases that require careful diagnosis and treatment. A minor error in the diagnosis may easily lead to significant consequences. Thus, one must place a premium on accurately identifying brain tumors. However, deep learning (DL) models often face challenges in obtaining sufficient medical imaging data due to legal, privacy, and technical barriers hindering data sharing between institutions. This study aims to implement a federated learning (FL) approach with privacy-preserving techniques (PPTs) directed toward segmenting brain tumor lesions in a distributed and privacy-aware manner.Methods: The suggested approach employs a model of 3D U-Net, which is trained using federated learning on the BraTS 2020 dataset. PPTs, such as differential privacy, are included to ensure data confidentiality while managing privacy and heterogeneity challenges with minimal communication overhead. The efficiency of the model is measured in terms of Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) and 95% Hausdorff distances (HD95) concerning the target areas concerned by tumors, which include the whole tumor (WT), tumor core (TC), and enhancing tumor core (ET). Results: In the validation phase, the partial federated model achieved DSCs of 86.1%, 83.3%, and 79.8%, corresponding to 95% values of 25.3 mm, 8.61 mm, and 9.16 mm for WT, TC, and ET, respectively. On the final test set, the model demonstrated improved performance, achieving DSCs of 89.85%, 87.55%, and 86.6%, with HD95 values of 22.95 mm, 8.68 mm, and 8.32 mm for WT, TC, and ET, respectively, which indicates the effectiveness of the segmentation approach, and its privacy preservation.Conclusion: This study presents a highly competitive, collaborative federated learning model with PPTs that can successfully segment brain tumor lesions without compromising patient data confidentiality. Future work will improve model generalizability and extend the framework to other medical imaging tasks.
Assessment of a Bioimpedance-Based Method for the Diagnosis of Oral Cancer
Authors: Horvat Šikonja Kristina , Richter Ivica , Grgić Marko Velimir , Gršić Krešimir , Leović Dinko , Batelja Vuletić Lovorka , Brailo Vlaho
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Oral cancer (OC) is a disease with poor prognosis mainly due to late diagnosis. There is considerable interest in the use and development of rapid, point of care (POC) non-invasive methods that can accelerate the diagnostic process. Bioimpedance (BI) is resistance to the passage of electric currents through tissue that reflects structural changes in the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of BI values in patients with oral cancer, to compare them with other oral lesions and healthy controls, and to determine the diagnostic value of the BI-based method for diagnosis of OC. Methods: Ninety-three participants divided into three groups participated in this study. The first group (31 participants) consisted of patients with histologically confirmed OC, the second group (31 participants) consisted of patients with an active reticular form of oral lichen planus (positive controls; OLP) and the third group (31 participants) consisted of healthy controls. In OC and OLP patients, BI was measured at three points (non-ulcerated lesional mucosa, clinically unaffected perilesional mucosa and unaffected mucosa on the contralateral side). In healthy controls, BI was measured on a healthy mucosa in the corresponding anatomical region. Measurements were performed at nine frequencies (1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 20, 70 and 100 kHz). Results: In OC patients, BI values in the lesion were significantly lower than BI values in clinically intact perilesional mucosa and the unaffected contralateral side at all frequencies. Furthermore, BI values of the clinically intact perilesional mucosa were significantly lower than the BI values of the healthy contralateral mucosa at frequencies of 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 5 kHz, 7 kHz and 10 kHz. Patients with OC had significantly lower BI values compared to patients with OLP and individuals with healthy oral mucosa at all frequencies. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the very good to excellent ability of this method to detect OC lesions, which needs to be confirmed by further studies on a larger number of participants.
Fault-Tolerant Time-Varying Formation Trajectory Tracking Control for Multi-Agent Systems with Time Delays and Semi-Markov Switching Topologies
Authors: Yu Huangzhi , Miao Kunzhong , He Zhiqing , Zhang Hong , Niu Yifeng
Published: December 2024

The fault-tolerant time-varying formation (TVF) trajectory tracking control problem is investigated in this paper for uncertain multi-agent systems (MASs) with external disturbances subject to time delays under semi-Markov switching topologies. Firstly, based on the characteristics of actuator faults, a failure distribution model is established, which can better describe the occurrence of the failures in practice. Secondly, switching the network topologies is assumed to follow a semi-Markov stochastic process that depends on the sojourn time. Subsequently, a novel distributed state-feedback control protocol with time-varying delays is proposed to ensure that the MASs can maintain a desired formation configuration. To reduce the impact of disturbances imposed on the system, the H∞ performance index is introduced to enhance the robustness of the controller. Furthermore, by constructing an advanced Lyapunov–Krasovskii (LK) functional and utilizing the reciprocally convex combination theory, the TVF control problem can be transformed into an asymptotic stability issue, achieving the purpose of decoupling and reducing conservatism. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for system stability are obtained through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Eventually, the availability and superiority of the theoretical results are validated by three simulation examples.