bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital Scholarly Practices in Scientific Communication: Paths and Goals in Research Dissemination
Authors: Pascual Daniel , Plo-Alastrué Ramón , Corona Isabel
Published: December 2023

This chapter has been conceived as a general introduction to the volume Digital Scientific Communication: Identity and Visibility in Research Dissemination. It draws attention to the coexisting models, approaches and practices that are gaining relevance in research dissemination. Many of the key concepts that permeate the analyses presented in the volume are first introduced or revisited here. The final section adds an overview of the contributions, recapitulating the main insights offered for a better understanding of scientific communication. The plurality of approaches presented in the analysis of scientific digital discourse has been grouped into five parts which articulate the structure of the volume. Thus, after the first introductory section (Part I), Part II reflects upon the notion of stance and the processes of construction of identity and expertise through an analysis of professional practices in the digital context. Part III focuses on the dissemination of scientific knowledge and delves into some of the challenges inherent in this process, such as the existing ‘knowledge asymmetries’, or those external challenges brought about by emerging ‘predatory’ practices. Part IV includes complementary visions of the popular genre of the Three-Minute Thesis (3MT) presentations which analyse how the combination of certain multimodal resources and a restriction in the allocated time are used as key elements to engage the audience. The concluding chapter in Part V sets out to identify those positive and negative aspects of the current academic digital practices shown in previous chapters and finally puts forward desirable future directions in this varying context.
Challenges and Future Directions in Digitally Mediated Research Publication and Dissemination
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K.
Published: December 2023

One of the most significant developments in the last few years has been the unprecedented growth in the use of digital medium for research publication and dissemination. Like any other new development, it offers new opportunities, but at the same time it also brings unique challenges requiring new directions and ways of confronting and managing new encounters. The present volume highlights some of the issues that researchers need to be aware of to maintain the integrity of scientific research, particularly in open science. In this final chapter, I would like to identify some of these key concerns that researchers, authors, reviewers, editors and digital platforms need to be aware of and address to maintain the integrity of scientific research.
Modular Control and Services to Operate Lineless Mobile Assembly Systems
Authors: Kluge-Wilkes Aline , Baier Ralph , Kunze Ike , Müller Aleksandra , Shahidi Amir , Wolfschläger Dominik , Brecher Christian , Corves Burkhard , Hüsing Mathias , Nitsch Verena , Schmitt Robert H. , Wehrle Klaus
Published: December 2023

The increasing product variability and lack of skilled workers demand for autonomous, flexible production. Since assembly is considered a main cost driver and accounts for a major part of production time, research focuses on new technologies in assembly. The paradigm of Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems (LMAS) provides a solution for the future of assembly by mobilizing all resources. Thus, dynamic product routes through spatiotemporally configured assembly stations on a shop floor free of fixed obstacles are enabled. In this chapter, we present research focal points on different levels of LMAS, starting with the macroscopic level of formation planning, followed by the mesoscopic level of mobile robot control and multipurpose input devices and the microscopic level of services, such as interpreting autonomous decisions and in-network computing. We provide cross-level data and knowledge transfer through a novel ontology-based knowledge management. Overall, our work contributes to future safe and predictable human-robot collaboration in dynamic LMAS stations based on accurate online formation and motion planning of mobile robots, novel human-machine interfaces and networking technologies, as well as trustworthy AI-based decisions.
Managing Growing Uncertainties in Long-Term Production Management
Authors: Schuh Günther , Gützlaff Andreas , Rodemann Niklas , Pütz Sebastian , Linnartz Maria , Kim Soo-Yon , Schlosser Tino X. , Schupp Steffen , Endrikat Morten , Welsing Martin , Millan Michael , Nitsch Verena , Decker Stefan , Geisler Sandra , Stich Volker
Published: December 2023

Long-term production management defines the future production structure and ensures the long-term competitiveness. Companies around the world currently have to deal with the challenge of making decisions in an uncertain and rapidly changing environment. The quality of decision-making suffers from the rapidly changing global market requirements and the uniqueness and infrequency with which decisions are made. Since decisions in long-term production management can rarely be reversed and are associated with high costs, an increase in decision quality is urgently needed. To this end, four different applications are presented in the following, which support the decision process by increasing decision quality and make uncertainty manageable. For each of the applications presented, a separate digital shadow was built with the objective of being able to make better decisions from existing data from production and the environment. In addition, a linking of the applications is being pursued:

TheBest Practice Sharing Appcreates transparency about existing production knowledge through the data-based identification of comparable production processes in the production network and helps to share best practices between sites. With theSupply Chain Cockpit, resilience can be increased through a data-based design of the procurement strategy that enables to manage disruptions. By adapting the procurement strategy for example by choosing suppliers at different locations the impact of disruptions can be reduced. While theSupply Chain Cockpitfocuses on the strategy and decisions that affect the external partners (e.g., suppliers), theData-Driven Site Selectionconcentrates on determining the sites of the company-internal global production network by creating transparency in the decision process of site selections. Different external data from various sources are analyzed and visualized in an appropriate way to support the decision process. Finally, the issue of sustainability is also crucial for successful long-term production management. Thus, theSustainable Footprint Design Apppresents an approach that takes into account key sustainability indicators for network design.
Processes and Structures for Agile Product Development
Authors: Schuh Günther , Tittel Jonas , Amft André , Apelt Sebastian , Bergs Thomas , Boßmann Carsten , Brecher Christian , Brettel Malte , Briele Kristof , Flemisch Frank , Jacobs Georg , Jagla Patrick , Jansen Nico , Kuhn Maximilian , Meißner Maximilian , Perau Stefan , Piller Frank T. , Preutenborbeck Michael , Rey Markus , Rumpe Bernhard , Schmitt Robert H. , Wiesch Marian
Published: December 2023

The work stream CRD-C.I of the Cluster of Excellence Internet of Production focuses on the topic of agile product development in order to enable reduced lead-times as well as exceeded customer and user satisfaction in product development. The main emphasis of the research lies on the associated processes and structures. In the course of the first 3 years of the Internet of Production, answers to relevant research questions of agile product development were developed within and between the research areas of market development, organization, data and engineering as well as production of prototypes. This chapter presents selected focus areas and insights from these research areas.
Methods and Limits of Data-Based Decision Support in Production Management
Authors: Kiesel Raphael , Gützlaff Andreas , Schmitt Robert H. , Schuh Günther
Published: December 2023

The volatility of today’s markets is constantly rising due to, i.e., the rapid emergence of new and innovative competitors, changing government policies, and unknown market acceptance. This affects both short-term and long-term production management. While short-term production management must deal with a higher time sensitivity of decisions, long-term production management must deal with an increasing level of uncertainty in decisions. Thus, to stay competitive in the future, short-term production management must especially increase the implementation speed of decision, whereas long-term production management focuses on the improvement of decision quality in uncertain environments. Therefore, the Internet of Production (IoP) develops data-based decision support methods for both short-term and long-term production management, which are presented in this chapter. For short-term production management, data-based decision support methods are presented for quality control loops, production planning and control, as well as production system configuration. For long-term production management, methods are presented for factory planning, global supply chain management, and production network planning.
Internet of Production: Challenges, Potentials, and Benefits for Production Processes due to Novel Methods in Digitalization
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Hirt Gerhard , Schmitz Mauritius , Bailly David
Published: December 2023

In industrial production, customers’ requirements are rising regarding various aspects. Products have to be produced more economical, more flexible, faster, and with much higher quality requirements. Furthermore, especially for traditional mass production processes, shorter product cycles increase the demand in rapid production and process development. The inherent increased product and production complexity raises additional challenges not only in development but also in setup and operation. Lastly, upcoming requirements for sustainable production have to be incorporated. These conflicting aspects lead to increasing complexity for production development as well as production setup at each individual production step as well as along the complete value chain. To master these challenges, digitalization and data-driven models are fundamental tools, since these allow for the automation of many basic tasks as well as processing of large data sets to achieve process understanding and derive appropriate measures. This chapter illustrates requirements for digital systems to be created and benefits derived by different novel systems. Furthermore, because modern systems have to incorporate not only single processes but complex process chains, various production processes and assembly processes are taken into account. In the following chaps. 13, “Decision Support for the Optimization of Continuous Processes Using Digital Shadows,” 14, “Modular Control and Services to Operate Lineless Mobile Assembly Systems,” 12, “Improving Manufacturing Efficiency for Discontinuous Processes by Methodological Cross-Domain Knowledge Transfer,” and 11, “Model-Based Controlling Approaches for Manufacturing Processes,” digitalization and Industry 4.0 approaches are presented, which incorporate data-driven models for a wide variety of production processes and for different time scales. Many techniques are illustrated to generate benefits on various levels due to the use of data-driven, model-based systems, which are incorporated into a digital infrastructure.
Situating Women’s Private Practices of Knowledge Production in the Early Modern Context
Authors: Klein Käfer Natacha , da Silva Perez Natália
Published: December 2023

This chapter introduces the bookWomen’s Private Practices of Knowledge Production in Early Modern Europeby exploring the interplays of gender, knowledge-making practices, and notions of privacy in the broader early modern European context. Paying heed to recent development in the historiography of women’s intellectual works in relation to their association to the private realm, this chapter proposes an understanding of privacy as a privilege—although under constant negotiation—that elite women could instrumentalize in their knowledge pursuits, a notion that the following chapters flesh out in their nuanced case studies.
Introduction: Climate, Cocoa and Trees
Authors: Olwig Mette Fog , Asare Richard , Meilby Henrik , Vaast Philippe , Owusu Kwadwo
Published: December 2023

Climate change is predicted to significantly reduce areas suitable for the cultivation of cocoa, an important cash crop providing a livelihood to over six million smallholders in the humid tropics. Cocoa agroforestry shows potential to increase climate resilience while providing more stable incomes, enhancing biodiversity, supporting healthy ecosystems and reducing the pace at which farms expand into forested areas. Based on the multidisciplinary ‘Climate Smart Cocoa Systems for Ghana’ research project, this book investigates the case of the biophysical and socioeconomic sustainability of cocoa agroforestry in Ghana, the second largest producer of cocoa in the world. After a brief introduction to the research project, this introductory chapter reviews the literature on the links between climate change, farming and agroforestry, thereby situating the study within a wider context. It then presents an in-depth analysis of historical Ghanaian cocoa yields and climate data at both the national and regional levels to establish a foundation for understanding the new climate risks faced by cocoa farmers. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of the chapters that follow and introducing the overall argument that agroforestry can only successfully address climate change impacts on cocoa farming if location-specific biophysical and socioeconomic factors are considered.
Household Economics of Cocoa Agroforestry: Costs and Benefits
Authors: Boadi Sylvester Afram , Bosselmann Aske Skovmand , Owusu Kwadwo , Asare Richard , Olwig Mette Fog
Published: December 2023

Current research suggests that cocoa agroforestry systems could offer stable yields, additional benefits and income from shade trees, despite potential added costs, such as from the purchase of insecticides. There is a paucity of profitability studies of different cocoa agroforestry systems. Only few of them go beyond a narrow focus on cocoa yields to model the entire agroforestry system and thus do not advance our understanding of the socio-economic value of other ecosystem goods. Based on survey data covering a thousand cocoa plots and group interviews with cocoa farmers, we explore the costs and benefits at the household level of including trees in cocoa systems. Comparing low and medium tree diversity systems, we find that income from cocoa beans, timber and fruit trees are higher and labour costs are lower in plots with medium diversity, while insecticide costs are lower on low-diversity plots. Overall, net benefits were higher on cocoa plots with higher tree diversity. Thus, cocoa agroforestry systems offer cost-reduction and income-improving advantages. Since cocoa systems vary among different agro-ecological zones in Ghana, we recommend that interventions aimed at increasing tree diversity consider the specific management practices of each farming household and the location in question.
Can Agroforestry Provide a Future for Cocoa? Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Olwig Mette Fog , Asare Richard , Vaast Philippe , Bosselmann Aske Skovmand
Published: December 2023

Climate change is threatening cocoa production in Ghana, the world’s second largest cocoa exporter. Yet, as we have shown in this book, the impacts of climate change must be understood in the context of the multiple socioeconomic and biophysical pressures facing cocoa farmers, including the conversion of farms for other land uses, increasing hired labor costs as well as pests and diseases. This final chapter summarizes the book’s overall findings on cocoa agroforestry as climate change adaption and points to ways forward in terms of policy, practice and research. Our findings suggest that a nuanced view of farmers, agroecosystems and sites is necessary and emphasize the need to study shade tree species and species diversity, in addition to shade levels, to optimize the sustainability of cocoa farming. We further suggest that it may not be possible to sustainably grow cocoa in marginal regions of the cocoa belt, where yields are lower and where agroforestry may be unable to mitigate the negative impacts of the adverse climate. Finally, we point to the importance of considering rights and access to trees, land, extension services and resources, and call for more multidisciplinary research on differently situated farmers’ opportunities and needs.
Conclusion: Transformations of European Welfare States and Social Rights
Authors: Nielsen Stine Piilgaard Porner , Hammerslev Ole
Published: December 2023

This anthology offers analyses of transformations of European welfare states and social rights from a diverse set of perspectives and contexts. This concluding chapter argues that European welfare states rely on third sector organisations to uphold the welfare system, and that social rights of today are constituted and re-constituted through discussions on deservingness which function as filtering mechanisms for access to social rights. In addition, law’s formulation and categorisation together with political priorities and agendas inform negotiations of legitimate knowledge related to social problems and adequate salutation hereto. Also, structural and individual factors are significant for welfare professionals’ scope for practice and persons’ mobilisation of social rights.
Welfare Clients’ Relational Legal Consciousness: An Empirical Perspective from the Netherlands
Authors: Hertogh Marc
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the Netherlands has increasingly become a punitive welfare state. This chapter analyses how this development affects Dutch welfare clients’ commonsense understandings of the law. Based on a survey among more than a thousand welfare clients, this study points to the relational character of their legal consciousness. Welfare clients’ critical legal consciousness is shaped by their views on the harsh and cold way that welfare officials understand and apply the law. Although most welfare clients are law-abiding, welfare officials routinely treat them as potential fraudsters. In response to this attitude, clients start to question the legitimacy of welfare law.
Peripher-extraktivistischer Kapitalismus und sozialökologische Konflikte in Chile
Authors: Graf Jakob
Published: December 2023

Dieses Kapitel legt dar, dass der chilenische Kapitalismus einerseits durch hohe Wachstumsraten und andererseits durch soziale Ungleichheit und zunehmende ökologische Krisen gekennzeichnet ist. Prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse, niedrige Löhne und eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit führen darüber hinaus dazu, dass ein bedeutender Teil der chilenischen Haushalte für deren alltägliche soziale Reproduktion auf den bedarfsökonomischen Sektor angewiesen ist. Mit einem Fokus auf den bedarfsökonomischen Sektor zeigt dieses Kapitel, wie aus diesen Widersprüchen sozialökologische Konflikte entstehen. Diese Konfliktdynamik wird empirisch anhand des Konflikts zwischen Forstindustrie und lokaler Bevölkerung im zentralen Süden Chiles eingehend untersucht.
Zelltypen aus menschlichen pluripotenten Zellen und deren Anwendung in Zelltherapien
Authors: Zimmermann Wolfram-Hubertus , Ader Marius , Besser Daniel , Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Lickert Heiko , Schlüssel Elke , Thiel Jessica , Tonn Torsten
Published: December 2023

Pluripotente Stammzellen (PS-Zellen) des Menschen wurden erstmals in den 1990er-Jahren aus der inneren Zellmasse von Präimplantationsembryonen unter Anwendung zuvor in der Maus und im nicht humanen Primaten etablierter Techniken gewonnen (Thomson et al. 1998). Durch Selektion pluripotenter Zellen und deren klonaler Vermehrung wurden die ersten menschlichen embryonalen Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) entwickelt. Basierend auf einem tiefen Verständnis der für den Pluripotenzerhalt notwendigen molekularen Mechanismen gelang es Takahashi und Yamanaka, Transkriptionsfaktoren zu identifizieren, die bei kombinierter Anwendung als „OKSM“ (Oct3/4, Klf4, Sox2, c-Myc) somatische Zellen (z. B. Hautzellen) in sog. induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (iPS-Zellen) reprogrammieren können (Buganim et al. 2013). Die Erstbeschreibung erfolgte im Mausmodell (Takahashi und Yamanaka 2006) und kurz darauf im Menschen (Takahashi et al. 2007).
Gentherapie und Genome-Editing im Blickpunkt internationaler Einstellungsforschung
Authors: Hampel Jürgen
Published: December 2023

Die Debatte um die Gentherapie, die die Schwelle von der Grundlagenforschung zur anwendungsorientierten Forschung wie auch zur klinischen Anwendung längst überschritten hat (siehe Kap. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 und 16), bekam ein neues Momentum, als mit dem Genome-Editing (CRISPR/Cas9) die Präzision therapeutischer Maßnahmen und damit auch deren Bandbreite, was mögliche Anwendungen betrifft, erheblich gesteigert werden konnte (vgl. Reich et al. 2015). In den Bereich des Möglichen geraten damit aber auch ethisch problematische Anwendungen wie die Keimbahntherapie oder das genetische Enhancement. Schlagartig wurde dies einer globalen Öffentlichkeit klar, als der chinesische Wissenschaftler He Jiankui im November 2018 die Geburt zweier Säuglinge bekannt gab, die als Embryonen einer Keimbahntherapie unterzogen worden waren (Gießelmann 2018); eine Mitteilung, die weltweit heftige negative Reaktionen auslöste. Befürchtungen wurden laut, dass dadurch die Forschung an Gentherapien mit CRISPR mit diesem Ereignis assoziiert wird (Normile 2018).
Spotlight: Die Regulation von Arzneimitteln für neuartige Therapien (ATMP) – Rahmen und Unterstützung für die Entwicklung sicherer und wirksamer ATMP
Authors: Scherer Jürgen , Berger André
Published: December 2023

Das Paul-Ehrlich-Institut (PEI) ist als Bundesoberbehörde zuständig für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel wie z. B. monoklonale Antikörper, Blut- und Gewebezubereitungen, aber auch für Arzneimittel für neuartige Therapien, kurz ATMP („Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products“) genannt.
Mileage Counter HUD Mod
Authors: Brumbaugh Zander , Leithner Manuel
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, you will create a mod that displays a mileage counter user interface (UI) element to players when they are seated in a vehicle. This will teach you to not only create UI elements and the networking that is required to update them but also how to add additional functionality to existing specializations and systems. Let us begin!
Multibale Spawner Mod
Authors: Brumbaugh Zander , Leithner Manuel
Published: December 2023

In this chapter, we will be creating a mod that allows players to spawn bales of shapes and types specified by the player. You will work to tie GUI elements into your LUA programs to create new objects the player can interact with on their farm. Let’s jump into it!
Domination and Cut Problems on Chordal Graphs with Bounded Leafage
Authors: Galby Esther , Marx Dániel , Schepper Philipp , Sharma Roohani , Tale Prafullkumar
Published: December 2023

The leafage of a chordal graph G is the minimum integer $$\ell $$
ℓ
such that G can be realized as an intersection graph of subtrees of a tree with $$\ell $$
ℓ
leaves. We consider structural parameterization by the leafage of classical domination and cut problems on chordal graphs. Fomin, Golovach, and Raymond [ESA 2018, Algorithmica 2020] proved, among other things, that Dominating Set on chordal graphs admits an algorithm running in time $$2^{\mathcal {O}(\ell ^2)} \cdot n^{\mathcal {O}(1)}$$

2

O
(

ℓ
2

)

·

n

O
(
1
)

. We present a conceptually much simpler algorithm that runs in time $$2^{\mathcal {O}(\ell )} \cdot n^{\mathcal {O}(1)}$$

2

O
(
ℓ
)

·

n

O
(
1
)

. We extend our approach to obtain similar results for Connected Dominating Set and Steiner Tree. We then consider the two classical cut problems MultiCut with Undeletable Terminals and Multiway Cut with Undeletable Terminals. We prove that the former is [1]-hard when parameterized by the leafage and complement this result by presenting a simple $$n^{\mathcal {O}(\ell )}$$

n

O
(
ℓ
)

-time algorithm. To our surprise, we find that Multiway Cut with Undeletable Terminals on chordal graphs can be solved, in contrast, in $$n^{{{\mathcal {O}}}(1)}$$

n

O
(
1
)

-time.
Evidenzbasierte digitale Depressionstherapie
Authors: Pezawas Lukas
Published: December 2023

Der Artikel beleuchtet die steigende Bedeutung von digitalen Therapien in der Behandlung der unipolaren Depression im Kontext aktueller Versorgungsleitlinien. Dies wird anhand verschiedener Falldarstellungen in unterschiedlichen klinischen Szenarien illustriert, in denen eine digitale Gesundheitsanwendung (DiGA) erfolgreich genutzt wurde. Dies umfasst den Einsatz einer DiGA als Mono- und als Zusatztherapie bei unterschiedlichen Depressionsformen. Zudem wird das Potenzial digitaler Therapien zur Verbesserung der Depressionskompetenz, Therapieadhärenz und Überwindung von Wartezeiten, lokalen Versorgungsengpässen und einer Stigmatisierung im Mental-Health-Bereich hervorgehoben. Die Fallberichte unterstreichen, dass DiGAs eine wertvolle Ergänzung zum bestehenden ambulanten Therapieangebot darstellen und die Versorgung depressiver Patient:innen nachhaltig verbessern können.
How is students’ well-being related to their class teacher’s professional agency in primary school?
Authors: Yli-Pietilä Roosa , Soini Tiina , Pietarinen Janne , Pyhältö Kirsi
Published: December 2023

Class teachers have a meaningful role in the life of primary school students as they are responsible for the majority of their students’ instruction. Previous research has shown that teachers who make efforts to learn and develop in their work also promote their students’ learning and well-being. This learning orientation is referred to in this study as teachers’ professional agency. The well-being of students has been shown to be challenged in many ways already in primary school. However, we need more research on how primary school students experience well-being in classrooms in relation to their studies and whether their class teacher’s professional agency relates to their well-being. We examined students’ study well-being from two perspectives: study engagement and study burnout. Multilevel structural equation modelling was applied in the analysis to explore perceived study well-being in the classroom (student and class level) and its relation to class teachers’ sense of professional agency. The results indicate that a high level of study burnout at the class level decreases students’ study well-being over time and also challenges class teachers’ sense of professional agency.
Times of trouble—seasonal variation in number and severity of attacks on sheep caused by large carnivores and eagles in Sweden
Authors: Eklund Ann , Frank Jens , Nilsson Lovisa , Zetterberg Andreas , Månsson Johan
Published: December 2023

Wildlife managers and livestock owners can choose from a multitude of interventions to prevent carnivore attacks on domestic animals, ranging from light and sound deterrents to fencing and lethal control. To guide management and make the best and most cost-effective choice of interventions, knowledge about where and when these measures are needed the most is important. By identifying spatiotemporal patterns of carnivore attacks, resources can be used more efficiently to prevent such attacks. We used a Swedish nationwide, long-term data set to identify inter- and intra-seasonal variation in probability, number, and severity (number of killed or injured per attack) of large carnivore attacks on sheep. Our results show that there are specific “times of trouble”, regarding the number of attacks from golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in late spring, and from brown bears (Ursus arctos), lynx (Lynx lynx), and wolves (Canis lupus) in late summer. Additionally, for brown bears and wolves, the severity of attacks varied throughout the grazing season with a peak in the latter part of the summer. The results can be used for guidance of temporal prioritisation of preventive interventions to reduce the probability, number, and severity of large carnivore attacks on sheep.
Reconstructing Cryptocurrency Processes via Markov Chains
Authors: Araújo Tanya , Barbosa Paulo
Published: December 2023

The growing attention on cryptocurrencies has led to increasing research on digital stock markets. Approaches and tools usually applied to characterize standard stocks have been applied to the digital ones. Among these tools is the identification of processes of market fluctuations. Being interesting stochastic processes, the usual statistical methods are appropriate tools for their reconstruction. There, besides chance, the description of a behavioural component shall be present whenever a deterministic pattern is ever found. Markov approaches are at the leading edge of this endeavour. In this paper, Markov chains of orders one to eight are considered as a way to forecast the dynamics of three major cryptocurrencies. It is accomplished using an empirical basis of intra-day returns. Besides forecasting, we investigate the existence of eventual long-memory components in each of those stochastic processes. Results show that predictions obtained from using the empirical probabilities are better than random choices.
Phase Behavior of Isobutane + CO2 and Isobutane + H2 at Temperatures Between 190 and 400 K and at Pressures Up to 20 MPa
Authors: Latcham Riley V. , Trusler J. P. Martin
Published: December 2023

Mixtures containing isobutane, carbon dioxide, and/or hydrogen are found in various industrial processes, green refrigerant systems, and the growing hydrogen industry. Understanding the thermophysical properties of these mixtures is essential for these processes, and depends on reliable experimental data. Making use of an automated static-analytical apparatus, measurements were made of the phase behavior of binary mixtures of isobutane with CO2 and with H2, extending the range of available data for both mixtures. Measurements of the system isobutane + CO2 were carried out along three isotherms at temperatures of (240, 280, and 310) K with pressures from the lower limit of the sampling system (~ 0.5 MPa) to the mixture critical pressure. The results exhibit good agreement with literature data. Measurements on isobutane + H2 were carried out along nine isotherms at temperatures of (190, 240, 280, 311, 339, 363, 375, 390, and 400) K with pressures up to 20 MPa, covering a much broader range of conditions than the one prior investigation. The results have been used to optimize temperature-dependent binary parameters in the Peng–Robinson equation of state with two different mixing rules. This approach was found to perform well in comparison to alternative models.
On the Dotsenko–Fateev complex twin of the Selberg integral and its extensions
Authors: Neretin Yury A.
Published: December 2023

The Selberg integral has a twin (‘the Dotsenko–Fateev integral’) of the following form. We replace real variables $$x_k$$

x
k

in the integrand $$\prod |x_k|^{\sigma -1}\,|1-x_k|^{\tau -1} \prod |x_k-x_l|^{2\theta }$$

∏
|

x
k

|

σ
-
1

|
1
-

x
k

|

τ
-
1

∏

|

x
k

-

x
l

|

2
θ

of the Selberg integral by complex variables $$z_k$$

z
k

, integration over a cube we replace by an integration over the whole complex space $${\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

n

. According to Dotsenko, Fateev, and Aomoto, such integral is a product of Gamma functions. We define and evaluate a family of beta integrals over spaces $${\mathbb {C}}^m\times {\mathbb {C}}^{m+1}\times \dots \times {\mathbb {C}}^n$$

C

m

×

C

m
+
1

×
⋯
×

C

n

, which for $$m=n$$

m
=
n

gives the complex twin of the Selberg integral (with three additional integer parameters).
Belief inducibility and informativeness
Authors: Herings P. Jean-Jacques , Karos Dominik , Kerman Toygar T.
Published: December 2023

We consider a group of receivers who share a common prior on a finite state space and who observe private correlated messages that are contingent on the true state of the world. Our focus lies on the beliefs of receivers induced via the signal chosen by the sender and we provide a comprehensive analysis of the inducible distributions of posterior beliefs. Classifying signals as minimal, individually minimal, and language-independent, we show that any inducible distribution can be induced by a language-independent signal. We investigate the role of the different classes of signals for the amount of higher order information that is revealed to receivers. The least informative signals that induce a fixed distribution over posterior belief profiles lie in the relative interior of the set of all language-independent signals inducing that distribution.
Observing the Interaction between a Socially-Assistive Robot and Residents in a Nursing Home
Authors: Rettinger Lena , Fürst Aida , Kupka-Klepsch Elisabeth , Mühlhauser Kathrin , Haslinger-Baumann Elisabeth , Werner Franz
Published: December 2023

Due to demographic change and transformations in domestic structures as well as working environments, the need for formal care continues to increase. This process leads to a significantly greater number of care workers that will be needed in the future. Concurrently, the demands on caregivers concerning the amount of care and quality of care are increasing. Socially-assistive robots (SARs) are a promising resource in this regard. At the same time, research that directly addresses the target group of elderly persons with cognitive impairments is underrepresented. This study reports observations regarding the interaction between a SAR and elderly people with cognitive impairments. Seven observational and behavioural measures were conducted during the interaction between residents of a nursing home and the SAR named “James”. Twelve participants from two residential homes took part in the study. Data were analysed by using content analysis and interpreted along a technology acceptance model. Verbal comments and observable emotions of the SAR were predominantly positive, only a few participants reacted negatively to the SAR “James”. There was also hardly any shyness to touch the robot. The participants made eye contact and responded adequately to the robot’s requests. Tasks which were set by the SAR in group settings led to a higher communication between the participants than tasks in single-user settings. The mainly upbeat emotions and interaction with the SAR indicates a positive attitude towards the system. Long-term studies are needed to investigate the sustainability of robot acceptance.
Reconstructing patterns of domestication in reindeer using 3D muscle attachment areas
Authors: Siali Christina , Niinimäki Sirpa , Harvati Katerina , Karakostis Fotios Alexandros
Published: December 2023

The use of reindeer has been a crucial element in the subsistence strategies of past Arctic and Subarctic populations. However, the spatiotemporal occurrence of systematic herding practices has been difficult to identify in the bioarchaeological record. To address this research gap, this study proposes a new virtual anthropological approach for reconstructing habitual physical activity in reindeer, relying on the protocols of the “Validated Entheses based Reconstruction of Activity” (VERA) method. Following blind analytical procedures, we focused on eight muscle attachment sites (“entheses”) in 36 reindeer free ranging in the wild, 21 specimens in captivity (zoo), and eight racing reindeer (habitual runners). Importantly, our analyses accounted for the effects of variation by subspecies, sex, age, and estimated body size. Our results showed clear differences across activity groups, leading to the development of discriminant function equations with cross-validated accuracies ranging from approximately 88 to 100%. The reliability of our functions was additionally confirmed using a blind test involving six zoo individuals not included in the initial dataset. Our findings support the use of the proposed approach for identifying domestication-related activities in zooarchaeological contexts, introducing a valuable tool for locating suspected domestication hotspots and elucidating the nature of past human-reindeer interactions.
Identifying Detrital and Diagenetic Minerals in Paleosols of the Illinois Basin
Authors: McIntosh Julia A. , Elliott W. Crawford , Wampler J. Marion , Tabor Neil J.
Published: December 2023

Phyllosilicates are hypothesized to be primarily of pedogenic origin in shallowly buried paleosols (≤3 km depth), regardless of the age of the paleosol. To test this hypothesis, this work evaluates the possible presence of detrital and diagenetic phyllosilicates in middle and upper Pennsylvanian paleosols, collected from three drill cores along a north–south transect in the Illinois Basin. The abundances of 2M1 muscovite, quartz, and K-feldspar are greater in a morphologically immature Protosol from the southernmost core; 1Md illite and interstratified illite-smectite with R1 and R0 stacking orders are more abundant in the more mature Vertisols of the central and northern cores. K-Ar age values of multiple clay-size fractions from each paleosol averaged ~260 Ma in the northern core, 270 Ma in the central core, and 295 Ma in the southern core. While considering the complex tectonic and thermal history of the Illinois Basin, detrital minerals are more abundant in immature paleosols that experienced relatively greater maximum burial depths and thus greater sediment supply whereas illitization in more mature paleosols was probably initiated primarily during protracted burial diagenesis. As the present study found evidence for diagenetic and detrital minerals in clay-size fractions of shallowly buried, deep-time paleosols, caution is advised when using paleosol minerals for ancient climate and environment reconstructions.
Odontoid fractures above C2 to pelvis posterior instrumented fusions: a single center’s 11-year experience
Authors: Lim Perry , Clark Aaron J. , Deviren Vedat , Berven Sigurd H. , Burch Shane , Ames Christopher P. , Theologis Alekos A.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

To define the prevalence, characteristics, and treatment approach for proximal junction failure secondary to odontoid fractures in patients with prior C2-pelvis posterior instrumented fusions (PSF).

Methods

A single institution’s database was queried for multi-level fusions (6+ levels), including a cervical component. Posterior instrumentation from C2-pelvis and minimum 6-month follow-up was inclusion criteria. Patients who sustained dens fractures were identified; each fracture was subdivided based on Anderson & D’Alonzo and Grauer’s classifications. Comparisons between the groups were performed using Chi-square and T tests.

Results

80 patients (71.3% female; average age 68.1 ± 8.1 years; 45.0% osteoporosis) were included. Average follow-up was 59.8 ± 42.7 months. Six patients (7.5%) suffered an odontoid fracture post-operatively. Cause of fracture in all patients was a mechanical fall. Average time to fracture was 23 ± 23.1 months. Average follow-up after initiation of fracture management was 5.84 ± 4 years (minimum 1 year). Three patients sustained type IIA fractures one of which had a concomitant unilateral C2 pars fracture. Three patients sustained comminuted type III fractures with concomitant unilateral C2 pars fractures. Initial treatment included operative care in 2 patients, and an attempt at non-operative care in 4. Non-operative care failed in 75% of patients who ultimately required revision with proximal extension. All patients with a concomitant pars fracture had failure of non-operative care. Patients with an intact pars were more stable, but 50% required revision for pain.

Conclusions

In this 11-year experience at a single institution, the prevalence of odontoid fractures above a C2-pelvis PSF was 7.5%. Fracture morphology varied, but 50% were complex, comminuted C2 body fractures with concomitant pars fractures. While nonoperative management may be suitable for type II fractures with simple patterns, more complex and unstable fractures likely benefit from upfront surgical intervention to prevent fracture displacement and neural compression. As all fractures occurred secondary to a mechanical fall, inpatient and community measures aimed to minimize risk and prevent mechanical falls would be beneficial in this high-risk group.
Transcription factors RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 regulate autophagy-mediated petal senescence in rose (Rosa hybrida)
Authors: Wang Wenran , Chen Changxi , Zhao Yang , Zhang Bingjie , Wu Zhicheng , Sun Xiaoming , Gao Junping
Published: December 2023

Petal senescence refers to the progressive loss of intracellular structures and functions within plant decorative organs, ultimately leading to cell death. Autophagy involves the degradation of damaged cellular components and nutrient recycling. Plant organ senescence and autophagy are highly coordinated; however, the mechanisms by which autophagy regulates petal senescence remain largely unknown. In this study, by using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that autophagic activity peaked early, at flower opening, without any senescence and other morphological symptoms in petals. We found that darkness positively regulated petal senescence and upregulated autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Dark treatment promoted the accumulation of Rosa hybrida phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (RhPIF4) in petals. RhPIF4 silencing delayed petal senescence and repressed the expression of ATGs. In contrast, silencing of the light-responsive gene Rosa hybridaelongated hypoctyl 5 (RhHY5) promoted petal senescence and ATG gene expression. RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 could directly interact with RhWRKY40, and RhWRKY40 is directly bound to the promoters of RhATG7 and RhATG11. Silencing RhWRKY40 delayed petal senescence and suppressed RhATG7 and RhATG11 expression. Based on these results, we propose that RhPIF4/8 and RhHY5 transcription factors are involved in regulating petal senescence in response to dark or light conditions by modulating autophagic activity.
Research and development of indoor positioning technology based on visible light communication
Authors: Li Guangyun , Sun Senzhen , Gao Yangjun , Li Ang , Zhu Kailin
Published: December 2023

Indoor and underground space positioning and navigation systems are important infrastructure for urban lifeline construction. With the development of 5G communication technology, artificial intelligence, intelligent construction, and other technologies, autonomous mobile terminals have become the main application subjects, and the requirements for accuracy and ubiquity of indoor positioning technology are also increasing. Two main indoor positioning technologies, sensor based and RF signal based are introduced, basic concepts of new visible light communication positioning technology are discussed, and in-depth results on non-imaging and imaging positioning methods are presented in this article. We propose a pose-assisted imaging positioning method applied in the 11 m × 8 m × 3.5 m room, which is based on visible light communication. This test shows that this method can achieve the positioning results with a plane positioning error less than 5 cm and the height error less than 6 cm by using low-cost sensors. Visible light positioning technology provides a cost-effective and convenient new solution for indoor positioning, simultaneously solving the integration problem of communication and positioning. It can provide positioning technology supporting the construction of urban lifelines in enclosed spaces.
A simple method for pulse contrast enhancement via self-focusing
Authors: Refaeli Zaharit , Marcus Gilad , Shamir Yariv
Published: December 2023

Here we report on a simple-to-implement and cost-effective approach for laser pulse contrast enhancement, based on the

${\chi}^{(3)}$

nonlinear self-focusing effect. An intentionally induced and gently controlled self-focusing in a thin glass transforms the time-dependent intensity into variation in beam divergence. Followed by a spatial discriminating filter, only the strongly focused fraction traverses the setup, at the expense of efficiency. A numerical model, accounting for the pulse and material parameters via a Gaussian ABCD matrix, provides an estimate for the instantaneous beam waist and transmission efficiency, which enables us to evaluate the resulting contrast enhancement. The estimated contrast enhancement spans between 0.5 and 2.5 orders of magnitude, in conjunction with approximately 25%–90% estimated efficiency, depending on the pulse parameters. In a preliminary experiment we demonstrated the effect with 10s-μJ sub GW regime with approximately 40

$\%$

efficiency and a contrast improvement of more than or equal to 20 dB.
Experimental Study on Influence of Different Patterns of an Emergent Vegetation Patch on the Flow Field and Scour/Deposition Processes in the Wake Region
Authors: Yagci Oral , Özgur Kirca V. S. , Kitsikoudis Vasileios , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Celik M. Furkan , Sertkan Caner
Published: December 2023

Flume experiments were conducted to comprehend the impact of different patterns of an emergent vegetation patch on the flow field and the scour process in natural rivers. Velocity measurements, flow visualization, and scour tests were undertaken around different vegetation patch patterns, which were simulated inspired by the expansion process of a typical instream vegetation. The patch expansion process was idealized with an initially circular patch of rigid emergent stems becoming elongated due to positive and negative feedbacks. The expansion of the vegetation patch was considered to occur in three stages, in which the density of the patch from the previous stage was increased while the patch was also elongated by connecting at its downstream side with another sparser vegetation patch. These stages were replicated succesively by increasing the density and elongating the patch. In this way, two processes (i.e., elongation and decrease in permeability), which usually have hydrodynamically opposite effects on flow fields, were simulated at the same obstruction. Despite generally elongated obstacles being streamlined bodies, the morphometric analysis obtained by laser scanner revealed that streamlined elongation of permeable patches amplifies global scour and enhances localization of the local scour hole. This situation implies that as the patch expands, in the wake region, the steady‐wake region becomes shorter, turbulence diminishes, lateral shear stress enhances, and deposition cannot occur far from the patch. Consequently, as the patch expands, the hydrodynamic consequences may restrict further patch expansion after a certain length/density.