bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hsa_circ_0001326 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells via miR‐145‐5p/TGFB2 axis
Authors: Song Meiyu , Xu Peng , Wang Li , Liu Jie , Hou Xiaofei
Published: January 2023

Problem

Preeclampsia (PE) is an obstetric disease involving multiple systems, which account for maternal and fetal complications and increased mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were recently deemed to associate with the pathogenesis of PE. This study aims to clarify the correlation between circRNA hsa_circ_0001326 and PE and explore its biological function in PE.

Method of study

The expression of hsa_circ_0001326 in PE placentas was detected by real‐time quantitative PCR (qRT‐PCR). After overexpressing or inhibiting hsa_circ_0001326 in trophoblast cells, the cell growth, migration, and invasion were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and transwell assays. Western blot assay was applied to detect the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins, E‐cadherin and Vimentin. Furthermore, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the binding sites of hsa_circ_0001326, miR‐145‐5p, and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2).

Results

Hsa_circ_0001326 was found to be higher expressed in PE placentas than in normal placentas. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001326 played a negative regulating role in trophoblast cell viability, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001326 inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells, while inhibition of hsa_circ_0001326 showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001326 sponged miR‐145‐5p to elevate TGFB2 expression in trophoblast cells.

Conclusion

This study provided evidence that the up‐regulated hsa_circ_0001326 in PE restrained trophoblast cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR‐145‐5p to elevate TGFB2 expression. Our results might provide a novel insight into the role of hsa_circ_0001326 in the pathogenesis of PE.
Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huijben Manou , Huijsmans Roel L. N. , Lock M. Tycho W. T. , de Kemp Vincent F. , de Kort Laetitia M. O. , van Breda Jetske H. M. K.
Published: January 2023

Background

Male infertility is a prevalent and worldwide problem with various difficulties in treatment. Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and may improve semen quality by stimulating hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis. There is lack of evidence on the efficacy of clomiphene citrate as therapy for male infertility.

Objectives

Therefore, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of clomiphene citrate on sperm quality in infertile men.

Methods

A search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for effectiveness in infertile males treated with clomiphene citrate. Both intervention and observational studies were included. Primary outcome measures were semen parameters (concentration, motility and morphology). Secondary outcomes included hormonal evaluation, pregnancy rate and side effects. Studies were included for meta‐analysis if they provided absolute numbers for outcomes before and during treatment with appropriate SD or SE.

Results

Total 1799 studies were identified during the search, 18 studies remained for qualitative analysis (n = 731) and 15 studies for meta‐analysis (n = 566). Study populations ranged between 11 and 140 participants. Sperm concentration was higher during treatment, with a mean difference 8.38 × 106/ml (95% confidence interval: 5.17–11.59; p < 0.00001; I2 = 87%). Total sperm motility was higher during treatment, with a mean difference of 8.14% (95% confidence interval: 3.83–12.45; p < 0.00001; I2 = 76%). There was no difference in sperm morphology before and during treatment. Total testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol were higher during clomiphene citrate treatment. During follow‐up, no serious adverse effects occurred. In 10 studies, pregnancy rate was reported and yielded a mean of 17% during clomiphene citrate treatment (range: 0%–40%).

Conclusions

Clomiphene citrate increased sperm concentration and motility and could be considered as a safe therapy for improving sperm parameters in infertile males.
Characteristics of de novo cancer in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Riis Tine Holm , Møller Dina Leth , Høgh Julie , Knudsen Andreas Dehlbæk , Rostved Andreas Arendtsen , Akdag Delal , Kirkby Nikolai , Lassen Ulrik , Rasmussen Allan , Hillingsø Jens G. , Pommergaard Hans‐Christian
Published: January 2023

Liver transplant recipients receive immunosuppressive treatment to avoid organ rejection, increasing the risk of developing de novo cancer after transplantation. We investigated the cumulative incidence of de novo cancer in a cohort of Danish liver transplant recipients. The study was a retrospective cohort study of adult liver transplant recipients transplanted at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. De novo cancer was defined as cancer arising at least 30 days after liver transplantation, excluding relapses from prior cancers and donor‐derived cancers. We determined the incidence of de novo cancer in the cohort using the Aalen‐Johansen estimator, with death and retransplantation as competing risks. We included 389 liver transplant recipients and identified 47 recipients (12%) with de novo cancer after liver transplantation, including 25 recipients with non‐melanoma skin cancers. The cumulative incidences at 5 years after liver transplantation for all cancers and non‐skin cancers were 10.7% and 4.9%, respectively. De novo cancer after liver transplantation is relatively common, with the majority being non‐melanoma skin cancer. Future studies of sufficient size are needed to identify risk factors for de novo cancer after liver transplantation.
Immunohistochemical somatostatin receptor expression in insulinomas
Authors: Peltola Elina , Vesterinen Tiina , Leijon Helena , Hannula Päivi , Huhtala Heini , Mäkinen Markus , Nieminen Lasse , Pirinen Elina , Rönty Mikko , Söderström Mirva , Arola Johanna , Jaatinen Pia
Published: January 2023

Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Most patients can be cured with surgery, but patients with a metastatic disease show impaired survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 1‐5 expression in insulinomas and to correlate the expression profile with clinicopathological variables and with patient outcome. This retrospective study involved 52 insulinoma patients. After histological re‐evaluation, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were processed into tissue microarrays and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal SSTR1‐5 antibodies. All the 52 tumours (49 non‐metastatic, 3 metastatic) expressed at least one SSTR subtype. SSTR2 was expressed most frequently (71%), followed by SSTR3 (33%), SSTR1 (27%), SSTR5 (6%) and SSTR4 (0%). SSTR3 expression was associated with a larger tumour size (median diameter 19 mm vs. 13 mm, p = 0.043), and SSTR3 and SSTR5 expression were associated with impaired overall survival [HR 3.532 (95% CI 1.106–11,277), p = 0.033, and HR 6.805 (95% CI 1.364–33.955), p = 0.019 respectively]. Most insulinomas express SSTR2, which may be utilized in diagnostic imaging, and in planning individualized treatment strategies for insulinoma patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between SSTR profile and overall survival.
Secondary bile acids improve risk prediction for non‐invasive identification of mild liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Liu A‐Na , Xu Cui‐Fang , Liu Ya‐Ru , Sun Dan‐Qin , Jiang Ling , Tang Liang‐Jie , Zhu Pei‐Wu , Chen Sui‐Dan , Liu Wen‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Fu Junfen , Su Ming‐Ming , Loomba Rohit , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Ni Yan
Published: January 2023

Background

Dysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim

To determine whether circulating BA levels accurately stage liver fibrosis in NAFLD.

Methods

We recruited 550 Chinese adults with biopsy‐proven NAFLD and varying levels of fibrosis. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to quantify 38 serum BAs.

Results

Compared to those without fibrosis, patients with mild fibrosis (stage F1) had significantly higher levels of secondary BAs, and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body mass index, and waist circumstance (WC). The combination of serum BAs with WC, DBP, ALT, or Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance performed well in identifying mild fibrosis, in men and women, and in those with/without obesity, with AUROCs 0.80, 0.88, 0.75 and 0.78 in the training set (n = 385), and 0.69, 0.80, 0.61 and 0.69 in the testing set (n = 165), respectively. In comparison, the combination of BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers performed less well in identifying significant fibrosis (F2‐4). In women and in non‐obese subjects, AUROCs were 0.75 and 0.71 in the training set, 0.65 and 0.66 in the validation set, respectively. However, these AUROCs were higher than those observed for the fibrosis‐4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and Hepamet fibrosis score.

Conclusions

Secondary BA levels were significantly increased in NAFLD, especially in those with mild fibrosis. The combination of serum BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers for identifying mild fibrosis merits further assessment.
A population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model evaluating efficacy of nalbuphine extended‐release in patients with prurigo nodularis
Authors: Eudy‐Byrne Rena , Riggs Matthew , Hawi Amale , Sciascia Thomas , Rohatagi Shashank
Published: January 2023

Aims

Population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) models were used to describe the exposure–response (E‐R) relationship between nalbuphine exposure and two widely used rating scales for itch: the Numerical Rating Scale for the subject's ‘average’; itch experience (NRS‐AV) and the Worst Itch (WI‐NRS), with 24‐h recall. Simulations based on the model E‐R relationship were used to support dose selection for Phase 3 clinical trials and were evaluated with a target of reducing the 7‐day average of the 24‐h WI‐NRS by at least 30% from baseline in most of the analysis population.

Methods

Data from two clinical trials (NCT02373215: 9 healthy subjects; NCT02174419: 62 subjects with PN), in patients with prurigo nodularis (PN) with moderate to severe itch who received treatment with either of two doses of nalbuphine extended release (ER) or placebo, were used for the analysis. A two‐compartment PK model with serial zero and first‐order oral absorption was used to describe drug exposure. A maximum effect (
) model with a placebo effect was used to model the itch response endpoints (NRS‐AV, WI‐NRS).

Results

The PK‐PD model predicted the exposure‐related reduction in both NRS‐AV and WI‐NRS over time with approximately 63% and 27% of
, respectively. Exposures associated with 80% of
were achieved in about 78% of the patients at 162 mg, twice daily (BID), compared to 35% at 81 mg BID.

Conclusion

Simulated dose response indicated that 108 and 162 mg BID doses result in the highest proportion of patients achieving at least a 30% reduction in NRS‐AV and WI‐NRS, respectively.
Implementation of a centralized pharmacovigilance system in academic pan‐European clinical trials: Experience from EU‐Response and conect4children consortia
Authors: Terzić Vida , Levoyer Léa , Figarella Mélanie , Bigagli Elisabetta , Mercier Noémie , De Gastines Lucie , Gibowski Séverine , Trøseid Marius , Demotes Jacques , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Hites Maya , Ader Florence , Lopez José Ramón Arribas , Mentré France , Espérou Hélène , Costagliola Dominique , Røttingen John‐Arne , Poissy Julien , Rozé Jean‐Christophe , Warris Adilia , O'Leary Jackie , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Assoumou Lambert , Hankard Regis , Turner Mark A. , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Diallo Alpha
Published: January 2023

Setting‐up a high quality, compliant and efficient pharmacovigilance (PV) system in multi‐country clinical trials can be more challenging for academic sponsors than for companies. To ensure the safety of all participants in academic studies and that the PV system fulfils all regulations, we set up a centralized PV system that allows sponsors to delegate work on PV. This initiative was put in practice by our Inserm‐ANRS MIE PV department in two distinct multinational European consortia with 19 participating countries: conect4children (c4c) for paediatrics research and EU‐Response for Covid‐19 platform trials. The centralized PV system consists of some key procedures to harmonize the complex safety processes, creation of a local safety officer (LSO) network and centralization of all safety activities. The key procedures described the safety management plan for each trial and how tasks were shared and delegated between all stakeholders. Processing of serious adverse events (SAEs) in a unique database guaranteed the full control of the safety data and continuous evaluation of the risk–benefit ratio. The LSO network participated in efficient regulatory compliance across multiple countries. In total, there were 1312 SAEs in EU‐Response and 83 SAEs in c4c in the four trials. We present here the lessons learnt from our experience in four clinical trials. We managed heterogeneous European local requirements and implemented efficient communication with all trial teams. Our approach builds capacity for PV that can be used by multiple academic sponsors.
Video demonstrations can predict the intention to use digital learning technologies
Authors: Sprenger David A. , Schwaninger Adrian
Published: January 2023

The technology acceptance model (TAM) uses perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use to predict the intention to use a technology which is important when deciding to invest in a technology. Its extension for e‐learning (the general extended technology acceptance model for e‐learning; GETAMEL) adds subjective norm to predict the intention to use. Technology acceptance is typically measured after the technology has been used for at least three months. This study aims to identify whether a minimal amount of exposure to the technology using video demonstrations is sufficient to predict the intention to use it three months later. In two studies—one using TAM and one using GETAMEL—we showed students of different cohorts (94 and 111 participants, respectively) video demonstrations of four digital technologies (classroom response system, classroom chat, e‐lectures, mobile virtual reality). We then measured technology acceptance immediately after the demonstration and after three months of technology use. Using partial least squares modelling, we found that perceived usefulness significantly predicted the intention to use three months later. In GETAMEL, perceived usefulness significantly predicted the intention to use for three of the four learning technologies, while subjective norm only predicted the intention to use for mobile virtual reality. We conclude that video demonstrations can provide valuable insight for decision‐makers and educators on whether students will use a technology before investing in it.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

The technology acceptance model helps decision‐makers to determine whether students and teachers will adopt a new technology.

Technology acceptance is typically measured after users have used the technology for three to twelve months.

Perceived usefulness is a strong predictor of intention to use the technology.

The predictive power of perceived ease of use for the intention to use varies from insignificant to strong.

What this paper adds

For the four digital learning technologies (classroom chat, classroom response system, e‐lectures and mobile virtual reality), we measure technology acceptance after a video demonstration and again after three months of usage.

Using structural equation modelling, we are able to predict intention to use after three months, with perceived usefulness measured after the video demonstration.

We replicate these findings with a second study using the general extended technology acceptance model.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Short video demonstrations can provide information for educators to predict whether students will use a technology.

Early impressions of perceived usefulness are very important and valuable to predict whether students will use a technology.
Evaluation of clinical features and outcome of eight fetuses with ectopia cordis; A study from a fetal cardiology center
Authors: Başar Eviç Zeynep , Dogan Yasemin , Kayabey Özlem , Babaoğlu Kadir
Published: January 2023

We aim to evaluate the clinical course and outcome of cases with a prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis in our center. In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical variables including gestational age at diagnosis, maternal age, associated cardiac, extracardiac, genetic anomalies and, outcome in prenatally diagnosed ectopia cordis cases in our tertiary referral center. Eight ectopia cordis cases from seven pregnancies were included in the study. All fetuses had complete type of ectopia cordis and pentalogy of Cantrell. Five multiple pregnancies were found, four were twin pregnancies (three dichorionic diamniotic, one monochorionic monoamniotic) and one was triplet (trichorionic triamniotic). In the monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, both fetuses have pentalogy of Cantrell. Two cases had intracardiac structural defects including Tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Three pregnancies were terminated, four cases delivered alive could not survive beyond the neonatal period. The striking feature in our study is its association with multiple pregnancies.
An investigation into nutritional methods at the fifth day after birth of infants in association with cleft type and laterality
Authors: Ogawa Ayano , Sasaki Yasunori , Naruse Masahiro
Published: January 2023

In patients with clefts, the affection of other congenital malformations on the feeding is unclear. We investigated the other congenital malformations and nutritional intake of neonates with cleft lip and/or palate and examined their relationships associated with cleft type and laterality. The participants included 126 infants under treatment with a presurgical naso‐alveolar molding (PNAM) or a Hotz‐type plate. The survey items were gender, cleft type and side, presence and nature of other congenital malformations, birth weight and nutritional method at age of the fifth day. The number of infants was 36 (28.6%) of cleft lip and alveolus, 82 (65.1%) of cleft lip and palate, and 8 (6.3%) of cleft palate only. Forty‐three patients (34.1%) had other various congenital malformations. The nutritional method included oral intake in 78.6% (n = 99) of cases and tube feeding with/without oral intake in 21.4% (n = 27) of cases. The rate of tube feeding was higher for right‐sided clefts than that for left‐sided clefts. This observation was consistent with the fact that right‐sided clefts were associated with more significant other congenital malformations than those on the left‐side. The nutritional method for infants with cleft lip and/or palate was related to the presence of other congenital malformations, not to cleft laterality or oral cleft itself under early treatment with PNAM plate. These results proposed that screening the general condition is essential for neonates with right‐sided cleft lip with/without cleft palate compared to left‐sided clefts, which should be conducted immediately after birth for planning the appropriate nutritional method.
Predicting Outcomes in a Sequence of Binary Events: Belief Updating and Gambler's Fallacy Reasoning
Authors: Rao Kariyushi , Hastie Reid
Published: January 2023

Beliefs like the Gambler's Fallacy and the Hot Hand have interested cognitive scientists, economists, and philosophers for centuries. We propose that these judgment patterns arise from the observer's mental models of the sequence‐generating mechanism, moderated by the strength of belief in an a priori base rate. In six behavioral experiments, participants observed one of three mechanisms generating sequences of eight binary events: a random mechanical device, an intentional goal‐directed actor, and a financial market. We systematically manipulated participants’ beliefs about the base rate probabilities at which different outcomes were generated by each mechanism. Participants judged 18 sequences of outcomes produced by a mechanism with either an unknown base rate, a specified distribution of three equiprobable base rates, or a precise, fixed base rate. Six target sequences ended in streaks of between two and seven identical outcomes. The most common predictions for subsequent events were best described as pragmatic belief updating, expressed as an increasingly strong expectation that a streak of identical signals would repeat as the length of that streak increased. The exception to this pattern was for sequences generated by a random mechanical device with a fixed base rate of .50. Under this specific condition, participants exhibited a bias toward reversal of streaks, and this bias was larger when participants were asked to make a dichotomous choice versus a numerical probability rating. We review alternate accounts for the anomalous judgments of sequences and conclude with our favored interpretation that is based on Rabin's version of Tversky & Kahneman's Law of Small Numbers.
No frills: Simple regularities in language can go a long way in the development of word knowledge
Authors: Unger Layla , Yim Hyungwook , Savic Olivera , Dennis Simon , Sloutsky Vladimir M.
Published: January 2023

Recent years have seen a flourishing of Natural Language Processing models that can mimic many aspects of human language fluency. These models harness a simple, decades‐old idea: It is possible to learn a lot about word meanings just from exposure to language, because words similar in meaning are used in language in similar ways. The successes of these models raise the intriguing possibility that exposure to word use in language also shapes the word knowledge that children amass during development. However, this possibility is strongly challenged by the fact that models use language input and learning mechanisms that may be unavailable to children. Across three studies, we found that unrealistically complex input and learning mechanisms are unnecessary. Instead, simple regularities of word use in children's language input that they have the capacity to learn can foster knowledge about word meanings. Thus, exposure to language may play a simple but powerful role in children's growing word knowledge. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/dT83dmMffnM.

Research Highlights

Natural Language Processing (NLP) models can learn that words are similar in meaning from higher‐order statistical regularities of word use.

Unlike NLP models, infants and children may primarily learn only simple co‐occurrences between words.

We show that infants' and children's language input is rich in simple co‐occurrence that can support learning similarities in meaning between words.

We find that simple co‐occurrences can explain infants' and children's knowledge that words are similar in meaning.
Appendage‐restricted gene induction using a heated agarose gel for studying regeneration in metamorphosed Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Matsubara Haruka , Kawasumi‐Kita Aiko , Nara Saki , Yokoyama Hibiki , Hayashi Toshinori , Takeuchi Takashi , Yokoyama Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Amphibians and fish often regenerate lost parts of their appendages (tail, limb, and fin) after amputation. Limb regeneration in adult amphibians provides an excellent model for appendage (limb) regeneration through 3D morphogenesis along the proximodistal, dorsoventral, and anteroposterior axes in mammals, because the limb is a homologous organ among amphibians and mammals. However, manipulating gene expression in specific appendages of adult amphibians remains difficult; this in turn hinders elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying appendage regeneration. To address this problem, we devised a system for appendage‐specific gene induction using a simplified protocol named the “agarose‐embedded heat shock (AeHS) method” involving the combination of a heat‐shock‐inducible system and insertion of an appendage in a temperature‐controlled agarose gel. Gene expression was then induced specifically and ubiquitously in the regenerating limbs of metamorphosed amphibians, including a frog (Xenopus laevis) and newt (Pleurodeles waltl). We also induced gene expression in the regenerating tail of a metamorphosed P. waltl newt using the same method. This method can be applied to adult amphibians with large body sizes. Furthermore, this method enables simultaneous induction of gene expression in multiple individuals; further, the data are obtained in a reproducible manner, enabling the analysis of gene functions in limb and tail regeneration. Therefore, this method will facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying appendage regeneration in amphibians, which can support the development of regenerative therapies for organs, such as the limbs and spinal cord.
Eating disorder visits increase among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Torun Şeyma , Çınar Hande Üçler , Pehlivantürk Kızılkan Melis , Derman Orhan
Published: January 2023

Aim

The study aimed to assess changes in adolescent visits due to eating disorders (EDs) during the pandemic.

Method

A retrospective evaluation of adolescents diagnosed with an ED during two periods: June 2019–February 2020 (pre‐pandemic) and June 2021–February 2022 (during the pandemic) at an adolescent medicine clinic in Tukey was conducted. The number of patients diagnosed with an ED between these dates was compared with the number of overall attended outpatient appointments. Baseline data for patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and the requirement of hospitalization for all cases were compared.

Results

Of the 3708 visits in the pre‐pandemic period 46 (1.2%) were diagnosed with an ED. This was 69 (2.2%) of 3149 visits during the pandemic which was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The percentage of males to females changed from 2.2% to 11.6% (p = 0.065). Distribution of the type of ED did not change (p = 0.280), although the percentage of atypical AN increased from 6.5% to 17.4%. Mean age, BMI, calorie intake and hospital admissions did not significantly change.

Conclusion

Our findings support the increase in adolescent EDs during COVID‐19. Particular attention should be given to males and Atypical AN cases.
Comparing two measures of schizotypy and their relationship with psychological distress in British university students
Authors: Haenschel Corinna , Krupic Dino , Hoff Antonia , Corr Philip J. , Gaigg Sebastian , Fett Anne‐Kathrin
Published: January 2023

Aims

Schizotypy reflects the vulnerability to schizophrenia in the general population. Different questionnaires have been developed to measure aspects of schizotypy. Higher schizotypy scores have also been linked with depression, anxiety, and stress sensitivity. Here we examine the associations of schizotypy with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of university students, using two different measures (N = 271).

Methods

A series of confirmatory factor analyses was used to examine two distinct and frequently employed measures of schizotypy: the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), and the Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We assessed their relationship with each other and their predictive validity for anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity.

Results

Our results indicated the brief 7‐factor SPQ (SPQ‐BR) factor solution for the SPQ and the 15‐item and 3 factor solution for the CAPE (i.e., CAPE‐P15) as best fitting models. Particularly the CAPE dimension of persecutory ideation was a strong predictor of anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity, whereas the SPQ dimensions of no close friends and social anxiety predicted psychological distress and stress in our student sample.

Conclusions

Our findings extend earlier work in general and patient samples and point to the importance of understanding the contribution of particularly positive schizotypy symptoms and different interpersonal aspects to psychological distress.
Effects of developmental relationships on the well‐being of youth in high‐stress families
Authors: Scales Peter C. , Roehlkepartain Eugene C. , Houltberg Benjamin J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

In this research, we investigate the effects of parent‐youth developmental relationships on 15 psychological and social‐emotional outcomes for 633 matched pairs of adolescents and parents (50% low‐income), including 176 who met the criteria for being high‐stress families.

Background

Family stress and childhood adversity have a significant negative impact on youth development, but positive family relationships can ameliorate those effects. Previous research has primarily focused on the affective and discipline domains, with a reliance on retrospective recall of childhood adversity and family stress.

Method

This paper engaged adolescents and parents in paper‐and‐pen and online surveys. Analyses are completed using logistic regression.

Results

Youth from high‐stress families who had strong developmental relationships with parents were 7 to 33 times more likely to report positive developmental outcomes in comparison to youth from high‐stress families with weaker developmental relationships with parents. By including a wide range of 15 psychological and social–emotional positive youth development outcomes, our current study illuminates a breadth of positive development that is promoted when families are able to construct strong developmental relationships, despite experiencing significant life stresses.

Conclusion

Parent–child developmental relationships can ameliorate potential negative effects of childhood adversity and family stress on positive youth development.

Implications

Program and resource supports for strengthening parent–child developmental relationships are a necessary and critical part of the needed comprehensive response to adverse childhood experiences and family stress.
Quality of life in Werner syndrome and associated subjective foot/ankle symptoms: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Kitagawa Yuka , Amemiya Ayumi , Ogata Hideyuki , Koshizaka Masaya , Shoji Mayumi , Maezawa Yoshiro , Akita Shinsuke , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki , Yokote Koutaro
Published: January 2023

Aim

The aims of this study were to assess the general quality of life and foot/ankle health‐related quality of life among subjects with Werner syndrome (WS) and to determine subjective foot/ankle symptoms associated with quality of life.

Methods

Using a questionnaire survey, patients were asked to provide information on age, sex and presence of subjective symptoms and complete both the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaire and the Self‐Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE‐Q). Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t‐test, the Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's rank correlation.

Results

Data from 12 patients with an average age of 54 ± 8.6 years were analyzed. The mean SF‐36 score for the domain of physical functioning was 21.2; for role–physical function, 32.6; for bodily pain, 38.5; for general health, 34.4; for vitality, 44.8; for social function, 38.5; for role–emotional function and for mental health, 46.7. The mean mental component summary was as high as the national standard, but it was low in men. The mean SAFE‐Q scores were also low. Patients with ulcers had significantly more pain and low general health perception. As compared with the national standard, the role/social component score was not low, and there was a correlation in most domains of the SAFE‐Q.

Conclusion

In WS, the general health‐related quality of life was low overall in the physical domain and low only in men for the mental domain, whereas it was low in the social domain when foot/ankle health‐related quality of life was low. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 188–193.
Analysis of drug‐induced liver‐related adverse event trend reporting between 1997 and 2019
Authors: Kamimura Hiroteru , Setsu Toru , Kimura Naruhiro , Miyazawa Makoto , Kaneko Shota , Kamimura Kenya , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Uesawa Yoshihiro , Terai Shuji
Published: January 2023

Aim

This study aimed to analyze the current trends of drug‐induced liver‐related adverse events in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) databases.

Methods

The characteristics of implicated drugs were investigated by analyzing big data on drug‐induced liver‐related adverse events over the past 20 years in FAERS, comparing drug rankings between the JADER and FAERS databases, and calculating rankings of drugs inducing liver‐related adverse events using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Terminology.

Results

In the 452 272 cases registered in FAERS from 1997 to 2019, warfarin, paracetamol, and adalimumab were the drugs most related to drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). In the 38 919 cases registered in JADER from 2004 to 2019, sorafenib, nivolumab, and herbal extracts were the drugs most related to DILI. No associations were found between the top 30 drugs in either of the two databases. Notably, the number of drug‐induced liver‐related adverse event reports and total adverse events has sharply increased in recent years.

Conclusions

Although liver‐related adverse events are largely caused by host immunity and other constitutional factors, differences in primary diseases, countries, and historical backgrounds lead to differences in the number of reports. Securing an appropriate database and a mechanism to collect real‐time information on the frequency of adverse drug reactions is warranted.
Function and evolution of the aquaporin IsAQP1 in the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis
Authors: Tsujimoto Hitoshi , Metz Hillery C. , Smith Alexis A. , Sakamoto Joyce M. , Pal Utpal , Rasgon Jason L.
Published: January 2023

Ticks are important vectors of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and protozoans to humans, wildlife, and domestic animals. Due to their life cycles, ticks face significant challenges related to water homeostasis. When blood‐feeding, they must excrete water and ions, but when off‐host (for stretches lasting several months), they must conserve water to avoid desiccation. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane‐bound water channels, are key players in osmoregulation in many animals but remain poorly characterized in ticks. Here, we bioinformatically identified AQP‐like genes from the deer tick Ixodes scapularis and used phylogenetic approaches to map the evolution of the aquaporin gene family in arthropods. Most arachnid AQP‐like sequences (including those of I. scapularis) formed a monophyletic group clustered within aquaglycerolporins (GLPs) from bacteria to vertebrates. This gene family is absent from insects, revealing divergent evolutionary paths for AQPs in different hematophagous arthropods. Next, we sequenced the full‐length cDNA of I. scapularis aquaporin 1 (IsAQP1) and expressed it heterologously in Xenopus oocytes to functionally characterize its permeability to water and solutes. Additionally, we examined IsAQP1 expression across different life stages and adult female organs. We found IsAQP1 is an efficient water channel with high expression in salivary glands prior to feeding, suggesting it plays a role in osmoregulation before or during blood feeding. Its functional properties are unique: unlike most GLPs, IsAQP1 has low glycerol permeability, and unlike most AQPs, it is insensitive to mercury. Together, our results suggest IsAQP1 plays an important role in tick water balance physiology and that it may hold promise as a target of novel vector control efforts.
Dynamics of control on digital platforms
Authors: Ens Nicola , Hukal Philipp , Blegind Jensen Tina
Published: January 2023

Digital platforms are supraorganizational entities that use digital technology to facilitate interactions between diverse actors, leading to novel forms of organisation and accompanying forms of control. The current Information Systems (IS) literature, however, struggles to describe control on digital platforms in a way that does justice to the dynamic character of the phenomenon. Taking this as an opportunity, we follow the enactment of control over time and across parties in a hybrid ethnographic study of the social commerce platform Poshmark. Specifically, we conceptualise the dynamics of control as changes in the means of control—formal or informal—and the sources of control—operator or participants—over time. Tracking these conceptual dimensions, we identify the distinct ways control has changed on Poshmark. Synthesising these findings into four dynamics of control, we show that control on digital platforms is rarely static due to aggregate effects arising from the operator and from participant interactions with each other through the digital features deployed on the platform. Based on these insights, our study contributes to the IS literature on control by broadening the conception of control on digital platforms. The theoretical and practical insights generated in this paper thereby lay the foundation for the systematic study of the dynamics of control that are unique to platform environments.
Glass transition, topology, and elastic models of Se‐based glasses
Authors: Chbeir Ralph , Welton Aaron , Burger Matthew , Chakravarty Soumendu , Dash Shreeram , Bhosle Siddhesh , Gunasekera Kapila , Almutairi Badriah S. , Goodman Bernard , Micoulaut Matthieu , Boolchand Punit
Published: January 2023

Features intrinsic to disorder and network aspects are ubiquitous in structural glasses. Among this important class of materials, chalcogenide glasses are special—they are built of short‐range covalent forces, making them simpler than silicate glasses that possess mixed ionic and covalent forces. Selenium‐based glasses also display complex elastic phase transitions that have been described from various models, including mean‐field approaches to molecular simulations. These point to the presence of two sharply defined elastic phase transitions, a rigidity and stress transition that are non‐mean‐field in character, and separate the three distinct topological phases of flexible, isostatically rigid, and stressed‐rigid. This article reviews the physics of these glassy networks. The elastic phases and glass transition temperature are explained on a molecular level in terms of topological constraint theory (TCT), connectivity, and the open degrees of freedom. The broader aspects of TCT in relation to phase change materials, high‐k dielectrics, and cements are also commented upon.
Metaverse‐Based Learning Through Children's School Space Design
Authors: Dreamson Neal , Park Gayoung
Published: January 2023

Metaverse is understood with technological terms such as augmented reality, lifelogging, mirrored worlds, and virtual worlds, and using a metaverse platform is considered an emerging form of learning. Yet, its pedagogical features, such as self‐learning, collaborative learning, and learning‐by‐doing, are identical to those of online learning. In this study, we argue that metaverse‐based learning refers to a new reality learners create by assuming that the existence of reality is different in the metaverse. We extracted six educational values in epistemological and ontological senses, reviewing the four realities of the metaverse, including virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality, and extended reality, which is a way to avoid technological determinists'; approach to education. Based on the values – bottom‐up, collaboration, authorship, ownership, interconnectivity, and community, primary school children's (year 5 & 6) groups (n = 20) redesigned 20 assigned school spaces such as classroom teacher office, science room, and music room on their chosen metaverse platforms. Throughout the thematic analysis of design artifacts, activity scenarios, and reflection & presentation, we discovered four themes: collaborative learning with co‐ownership and co‐authorship; being interconnected with all living and non‐living things; co‐participants with different roles; and transdisciplinary research‐driven learning, which is used to articulate a framework for metaverse‐based learning, which is different from online learning.
The Online Studio: Cultures, Perceptions and Questions for the Future
Authors: Murray Ainslie , Fox Jonathan , Sleight Joshua , Oldfield Philip
Published: January 2023

We investigated the impact of the transition to online architectural design studios in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. The study focussed specifically on student and tutor perceptions of online design studio before the sudden transition to online delivery, and how those perceptions shifted through the initial months of online delivery. We consider the pedagogical context in which the shift to online teaching took place and the evident successes and failures in the early iterations of online studio. We discuss similar and contrasting perceptions in student and tutor groups and observe the changes in these perceptions prior to and after teaching and learning in online studios. The paper concludes with a series of questions directed to the architectural design studio teaching community regarding the apparent inevitability of a future in which both FTF and online‐only studios are surpassed with hybrid design studios.
A Faustian bargain? Rethinking the role of debt in law students' career choices
Authors: Boutcher Steven A. , Houle Jason N. , Raup‐Kounovksy Anna , Seron Carroll
Published: January 2023

Despite the absence of strong empirical evidence to support the relationship, legal scholars have long argued that a model of financing legal education through student debt makes it difficult, if not impossible, for most students to take seriously a career path in government and public interest (GPI) law, where salaries are generally lower than private, corporate practice. Drawing from a multiwave, panel survey of law students, we take advantage of a unique tuition remission intervention that occurred at the founding of University of California Irvine (UCI) Law, resulting in a natural, quasi‐experiment. Using ordinary least squares regression and an instrumental variables approach, we ask whether law student debt influences the likelihood that students will (1) launch their careers in the GPI and (2) aspire to the GPI sector 5 years after graduation. We find little to no evidence that student debt is a barrier to a graduate's decision to take a position in the GPI sector at career launch or that debt is a factor in a graduate's career aspirations at UCI law school during the study period. These counterintuitive findings provoke new questions about our understanding of debt in the context of legal education and the types of interventions that might facilitate greater entry into the public sector.
Vitamin D levels in the assessment of Crohn's disease activity and their relation to nutritional status and inflammation
Authors: Zheng Y. , Li Z.‐B. , Wu Z.‐Y. , Zhang K.‐J. , Liao Y.‐J. , Wang X. , Cen Z.‐X. , Dai S.‐X. , Ma W.‐J.
Published: January 2023

Background

Crohn's disease (CD) is frequently associated with malnutrition, inflammation and a deficiency of vitamin D (VD) with the relationships between these symptoms being poorly defined. VD is a modulator of the immune system and is associated with the onset of CD and disease activity. The level of serum VD may have potential in the assessment of CD activity. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between VD, nutritional status and inflammation, and to identify more accurate VD thresholds.

Methods

The study included 76 outpatients with CD diagnosed between October 2018 and October 2020 and 76 healthy volunteers. Levels of serum 25(OH)D and nutritional indicators, as well as biochemical and disease activity assessments, were conducted.

Results

Patients with CD and healthy participants were found to differ significantly in their 25(OH)D levels as well in levels of nutritional and inflammatory indicators. The optimal VD cut‐off value was found to be 46.81 nmol/L for CD development and 35.32 nmol/L for disease activity. Levels of 25(OH)D were correlated with both nutritional status and inflammation.

Conclusions

The VD level is likely to be a useful additional tool in the evaluation of CD patients and predicting the disease activity and clinical response. The VD level may relate both to the nutritional status and levels of inflammation in CD patients, and disease progression.
Ecomorphological patterns in trigeminal canal branching among sauropsids reveal sensory shift in suchians
Authors: Lessner Emily J. , Dollman Kathleen N. , Clark James M. , Xu Xing , Holliday Casey M.
Published: January 2023

The vertebrate trigeminal nerve is the primary mediator of somatosensory information from nerve endings across the face, extending nerve branches through bony canals in the face and mandibles, terminating in sensory receptors. Reptiles evolved several extreme forms of cranial somatosensation in which enhanced trigeminal tissues are present in species engaging in unique mechanosensory behaviors. However, morphology varies by clade and ecology among reptiles. Few lineages approach the extreme degree of tactile somatosensation possessed by crocodylians, the only remaining members of a clade that underwent an ecological transition from the terrestrial to semiaquatic habitat, also evolving a specialized trigeminal system. It remains to be understood how trigeminal osteological correlates inform how adaptations for enhanced cranial sensation evolved in crocodylians. Here we identify an increase in sensory abilities in Early Jurassic crocodylomorphs, preceding the transitions to a semiaquatic habitat. Through quantification of trigeminal neurovascular canal branching patterns in an extant phylogenetic bracket we quantify and identify morphologies associated with sensory behaviors in representative fossil taxa, we find stepwise progression of increasing neurovascular canal density, complexity, and distribution from the primitive archosaurian to the derived crocodilian condition. Model‐based inferences of sensory ecologies tested on quantified morphologies of extant taxa with known sensory behaviors indicate a parallel increase in sensory abilities among pseudosuchians. These findings establish patterns of reptile trigeminal ecomorphology, revealing evolutionary patterns of somatosensory ecology.