bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broad fault zones enable deep fluid transport and limit earthquake magnitudes
Authors: Leptokaropoulos Konstantinos , Rychert Catherine A. , Harmon Nicholas , Schlaphorst David , Grevemeyer Ingo , Kendall John-Michael , Singh Satish C.
Published: September 2023

Constraining the controlling factors of fault rupture is fundamentally important. Fluids influence earthquake locations and magnitudes, although the exact pathways through the lithosphere are not well-known. Ocean transform faults are ideal for studying faults and fluid pathways given their relative simplicity. We analyse seismicity recorded by the Passive Imaging of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (PI-LAB) experiment, centred around the Chain Fracture Zone. We find earthquakes beneath morphological transpressional features occur deeper than the brittle-ductile transition predicted by simple thermal models, but elsewhere occur shallower. These features are characterised by multiple parallel fault segments and step overs, higher proportions of smaller events, gaps in large historical earthquakes, and seismic velocity structures consistent with hydrothermal alteration. Therefore, broader fault damage zones preferentially facilitate fluid transport. This cools the mantle and reduces the potential for large earthquakes at localized barriers that divide the transform into shorter asperity regions, limiting earthquake magnitudes on the transform.
Control of arbuscule development by a transcriptional negative feedback loop in Medicago
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Shuangshuang , Xie Qiujin , Xia Yuanjun , Lu Lei , Wang Mingxing , Wang Gang , Long Siyu , Cai Yunfei , Xu Ling , Wang Ertao , Jiang Yina
Published: September 2023

Most terrestrial plants establish a symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which provide them with lipids and sugars in exchange for phosphorus and nitrogen. Nutrient exchange must be dynamically controlled to maintain a mutually beneficial relationship between the two symbiotic partners. The WRI5a and its homologues play a conserved role in lipid supply to AMF. Here, we demonstrate that the AP2/ERF transcription factor MtERM1 binds directly to AW-box and AW-box-like cis-elements in the promoters of MtSTR2 and MtSTR, which are required for host lipid efflux and arbuscule development. The EAR domain-containing transcription factor MtERF12 is also directly activated by MtERM1/MtWRI5a to negatively regulate arbuscule development, and the TOPLESS co-repressor is further recruited by MtERF12 through EAR motif to oppose MtERM1/MtWRI5a function, thereby suppressing arbuscule development. We therefore reveal an ERM1/WRI5a–ERF12–TOPLESS negative feedback loop that enables plants to flexibly control nutrient exchange and ensure a mutually beneficial symbiosis.
Phenylalanine-tRNA aminoacylation is compromised by ALS/FTD-associated C9orf72 C4G2 repeat RNA
Authors: Malnar Črnigoj Mirjana , Čerček Urša , Yin Xiaoke , Ho Manh Tin , Repic Lampret Barbka , Neumann Manuela , Hermann Andreas , Rouleau Guy , Suter Beat , Mayr Manuel , Rogelj Boris
Published: September 2023

The expanded hexanucleotide GGGGCC repeat mutation in the C9orf72 gene is the main genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Under one disease mechanism, sense and antisense transcripts of the repeat are predicted to bind various RNA-binding proteins, compromise their function and cause cytotoxicity. Here we identify phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (FARS) subunit alpha (FARSA) as the main interactor of the CCCCGG antisense repeat RNA in cytosol. The aminoacylation of tRNAPhe by FARS is inhibited by antisense RNA, leading to decreased levels of charged tRNAPhe. Remarkably, this is associated with global reduction of phenylalanine incorporation in the proteome and decrease in expression of phenylalanine-rich proteins in cellular models and patient tissues. In conclusion, this study reveals functional inhibition of FARSA in the presence of antisense RNA repeats. Compromised aminoacylation of tRNA could lead to impairments in protein synthesis and further contribute to C9orf72 mutation-associated pathology.
Bridging of host-microbiota tryptophan partitioning by the serotonin pathway in fungal pneumonia
Authors: Renga Giorgia , D’Onofrio Fiorella , Pariano Marilena , Galarini Roberta , Barola Carolina , Stincardini Claudia , Bellet Marina M. , Ellemunter Helmut , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Costantini Claudio , Napolioni Valerio , Ehrlich Allison K. , Antognelli Cinzia , Fini Massimo , Garaci Enrico , Nunzi Emilia , Romani Luigina
Published: September 2023

The aromatic amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is essentially metabolized along the host and microbial pathways. While much is known about the role played by downstream metabolites of each pathways in intestinal homeostasis, their role in lung immune homeostasis is underappreciated. Here we have examined the role played by the Trp hydroxylase/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway in calibrating host and microbial Trp metabolism during Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. We found that 5-HT produced by mast cells essentially contributed to pathogen clearance and immune homeostasis in infection by promoting the host protective indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1/kynurenine pathway and limiting the microbial activation of the indole/aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. This occurred via regulation of lung and intestinal microbiota and signaling pathways. 5-HT was deficient in the sputa of patients with Cystic fibrosis, while 5-HT supplementation restored the dysregulated Trp partitioning in murine disease. These findings suggest that 5-HT, by bridging host-microbiota Trp partitioning, may have clinical effects beyond its mood regulatory function in respiratory pathologies with an inflammatory component.
Speech characteristics yield important clues about motor function: Speech variability in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Hitczenko Kasia , Segal Yael , Keshet Joseph , Goldrick Matthew , Mittal Vijay A.
Published: September 2023

Background and hypothesis: Motor abnormalities are predictive of psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and are tied to its progression. We hypothesize that these motor abnormalities also disrupt their speech production (a highly complex motor behavior) and predict CHR individuals will produce more variable speech than healthy controls, and that this variability will relate to symptom severity, motor measures, and psychosis-risk calculator risk scores. Study design: We measure variability in speech production (variability in consonants, vowels, speech rate, and pausing/timing) in N = 58 CHR participants and N = 67 healthy controls. Three different tasks are used to elicit speech: diadochokinetic speech (rapidly-repeated syllables e.g., papapa…, pataka…), read speech, and spontaneously-generated speech. Study results: Individuals in the CHR group produced more variable consonants and exhibited greater speech rate variability than healthy controls in two of the three speech tasks (diadochokinetic and read speech). While there were no significant correlations between speech measures and remotely-obtained motor measures, symptom severity, or conversion risk scores, these comparisons may be under-powered (in part due to challenges of remote data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusion: This study provides a thorough and theory-driven first look at how speech production is affected in this at-risk population and speaks to the promise and challenges facing this approach moving forward.
How animal milk and plant-based alternatives diverge in terms of fatty acid, amino acid, and mineral composition
Authors: Moore S. S. , Costa A. , Pozza M. , Vamerali T. , Niero G. , Censi S. , De Marchi M.
Published: September 2023

The decline in fresh milk in the Western world has in part been substituted by an increased consumption of plant-based beverages (PBB). These are often marketed as healthy and sustainable alternatives to milk and dairy foodstuff, although studies have suggested PBB to be of lower nutrient quality. The current study considered different brands of almond-, oat-, rice-, coconut- and soya-based beverages for a comparative analysis and found that they indeed presented lower contents of total protein, lipids, amino acids, and minerals than cow and goat milk. The only exception was given by soya-based beverages which approximated the protein content (3.47% vs. 3.42 and 3.25% in cow and goat milk, respectively) and amino acid composition of animal milk, and also demonstrated high mineral content. The natural presence of phyto-compounds in PBB characterised as antinutrients and their potential to exacerbate the issue of low nutrient quality by lowering bioavailability have been discussed.
The impacts of a high-school art-based program on academic achievements, creativity, and creative behaviors
Authors: Egana-delSol Pablo
Published: September 2023

This article evaluates the impact of an Art-based program, which consisted in bringing artist to do workshops in public schools, on academic achievements, creativity (i.e., the skill) and the external manifestation of creativity in action (i.e., creative behaviors). The main contribution with respect to previous literature is a quasi-experimental design—propensity score matching—that makes the causal link between these aspects more plausible, and which had a sample of 297 children between 14 and 16 years old. Four main findings are derived from the empirical investigation. First, substantial practice is crucial. Participation in at least two semester-length workshops is a necessary condition to observe significant impacts. Second, participation has a significant impact on academic achievements. Grades increased by 0.61 standard deviations (sd) for language, by 0.36 sd for math, and by 0.33 sd for art. Overall GPA increased by 0.55 sd. The program also increased participant willingness to consider postsecondary education. Third, the impact of the art-based program on various innovative graphical psychometric measures of creativity was positive and significant. Fourth, related to creative behaviors, the program had a positive impact on certain cultural activities, such as time spent watching films at home and creating cultural goods (e.g., handicrafts, poetry, music). In conclusion, our study presents substantial evidence on the effective enhancement of creativity, the fostering of creative activities, and the improvement of academic performance through the deployment of art-based programs.
KINECAL: A Dataset for Falls-Risk Assessment and Balance Impairment Analysis
Authors: Maudsley-Barton Sean , Yap Moi Hoon
Published: September 2023

The field of human action recognition has made great strides in recent years, much helped by the availability of a wide variety of datasets that use Kinect to record human movement. Conversely, progress towards the use of Kinect in clinical practice has been hampered by the lack of appropriate data. In particular, datasets that contain clinically significant movements and appropriate metadata. This paper proposes a dataset to address this issue, namely KINECAL. It contains the recordings of 90 individuals carrying out 11 movements, commonly used in the clinical assessment of balance. The dataset contains relevant metadata, including clinical labelling, falls history labelling and postural sway metrics. KINECAL should be of interest to researchers interested in the clinical use of motion capture and motion analysis.
CLSoilMaps: A national soil gridded database of physical and hydraulic soil properties for Chile
Authors: Dinamarca Diego I. , Galleguillos Mauricio , Seguel Oscar , Faúndez Urbina Carlos
Published: September 2023

Spatially explicit soil information is crucial for comprehending and managing many of Earth´s processes related to carbon, water, and other biogeochemical cycles. We introduced a gridded database of soil physical properties and hydraulic parameters at 100 meters spatial resolution. It covers the continental area of Chile and binational basins shared with Argentina for six standardized depths following the specifications of the GlobalSoilMap project. We generated soil maps based on digital soil mapping techniques based on more than 4000 observations, including unpublished data from remote areas. These maps were used as input for the pedotransfer function Rosetta V3 to obtain predictions of soil hydraulic properties, such as field capacity, permanent wilting point, total available water capacity, and other parameters of the water retention curve. The trained models outperformed several other DSM studies applied at the national and regional scale for soil physical properties (nRMSE ranging from 6.93% to 15.7%) and delivered acceptable predictions (nRMSE ranging from 10.4% to 15.6%) for soil hydraulic properties, making them suitable for countless environmental studies.
Hourly emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases from open biomass burning in China during 2016–2020
Authors: Xu Yuanqian , Huang Zhijiong , Ye Jiashu , Zheng Junyu
Published: September 2023

Open biomass burning (OBB) is a significant source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases that have contributed to air pollution episodes in China in recent years. An accurate emission inventory is critical for the precise control of OBB. Existing OBB emission datasets are commonly based on MODIS observations, and most only have a daily-scale temporal resolution. Daily OBB emissions, however, might not accurately represent diurnal variations, peak hours, or any open burning processes. The China Hourly Open Biomass Burning Emissions (CHOBE) dataset for mainland China from 2016 to 2020 was developed in this study using the spatiotemporal fusion of multiple active fires from MODIS, VIIRS S-NPP and Himawari-8 AHI detections. At a spatial resolution of 2 km, CHOBE provided gridded CO, NOx, SO2, NH3, VOCs, PM2.5, CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from OBB. CHOBE will enhance insight into OBB spatiotemporal variability, improves air quality and climate modelling and forecasting, and aids in the formulation of precise OBB preventive and control measures.
Road pavement upgrade scheduling accounting for minimizing congestion
Authors: Rupasinghe Bhagya , Wallace Mark , Gange Graeme , Senthooran Ilankaikone
Published: September 2023

Road pavement maintenance and upgrades (RPU) need to be scheduled in a way that minimises congestion across the road network and matches the schedule with the availability of equipment and skilled labourers to ensure that they are completed on time. RPU should not introduce unbearable congestion around blocked lanes or roads, and increased traffic due to ongoing road upgrades needs to be transferred to alternative routes. In situations where multiple upgrades are planned together, the scheduled road closures should be coordinated to not block alternative routes. While extensive studies have been conducted separately on scheduling and routing, limited research has linked these processes together, and only in restricted scenarios. In this paper, we investigate how to minimise the disruption of a set of road maintenance tasks based on their interaction with other tasks. We propose a new approach for scheduling a set of road maintenance tasks, some at the same time and others at different times, to minimise overall disruption. The proposed approach has two phases: (1) identify the local area affected by the RPU, and (2) determine which upgrades can be planned together to minimise congestion. The comparison of the results shows how the novel optimized approach identifies a better schedule to minimise congestion.
Importance of TREC and KREC as molecular markers for immunological evaluation of down syndrome children
Authors: Eissa Eman , Afifi Hanan H. , Abo-Shanab Assem M. , Thomas Manal M. , Taher Mohamed B. , Kandil Rania , Kholoussi Naglaa M.
Published: September 2023

Recurrent and severe infections occurred in children with Down Syndrome (DS) due to immunological parameter defects have been reported. The aim of the study is to evaluate the importance of using T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) as molecular markers for immunological investigation of children with DS. The study included 40 non-disjunction trisomy 21 confirmed DS children, and 25 healthy controls. Peripheral blood (PB) was analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry, serum immunoglobulin levels, and TREC and KREC copy numbers using quantitative real-time PCR. DS patients showed significantly lower absolute counts of PB T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, T cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and Natural killer cells, and lower serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels compared to healthy controls. Copy number of TREC and KREC showed no significant differences between DS patients and healthy controls. There is a significant positive correlation between TREC copy number with a percentage and absolute count of helper T lymphocytes in patients. Also, the KREC copy number was significantly negatively correlated with the age of patients. These findings suggest that copy numbers of TREC and KREC could be useful as molecular markers for immunological evaluation of patients with DS.
Using a facile method to predict properties of recycled waste nitrile rubber (NBR) through devulcanization
Authors: Ghowsi Mohammad Amin , Jamshidi Masoud
Published: September 2023

To prepare a reliable method for predicting the properties of devulcanized rubbers a nitrile rubber (NBR) compound was prepared and masticated before vulcanization for 0, 30 and 60 min under mechanical stress to prepare NBRs with different molecular weights. The masticated samples were vulcanized at different accelerator contents to prepare damples with different crosslink densities. The physical/mechanical/thermal properties (i.e. crosslink density, tensile strength, modulus, modulus at 100 and 300% elongation, elongation at break, hardness, curing behavior and molecular weight) of the samples were experimentally evaluated. In the next step, the prepared samples were assumed as devulcanized NBRs that underwent chains scission (masticated samples) or crosslinks breakage (vulcanized at different accelerator contents). On this basis, hypothetical devulcanization routes were considered between each sample that underwent chains scission or crosslinks breakage. Based on the results, numerical relationships between the number of chains scission or crosslinks breakage and decrease in the properties were obtained. Finally, the numerical reationships were used to calculate the properties of the samples that underwent both of chains scission and crosslinks breakage. It was found that the calculated contents of hardness, modulus at 100% and molecular weight (MZ) using the prepared method were very close to the evaluated ones.
Mid-to-late Holocene climate variability in coastal East Asia and its impact on ancient Korean societies
Authors: Park Jungjae , Bahk Junbeom , Park Jinheum , Kim Hyejin , Choi Jieun
Published: September 2023

The sustainability of human societies is contingent upon our ability to accurately predict the effects of future climate change on the global environment and humanity. Wise responses to forthcoming environmental alterations require extensive knowledge from historical precedents. However, in coastal East Asia, a region with a long history of agriculture, it is challenging to obtain paleoenvironmental proxy data without anthropogenic disturbances that can be used to assess the impact of late Holocene climate change on local communities. This study introduces a high-resolution multi-proxy sedimentary record from an isolated crater in Jeju Island, Korea, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying mid-to-late Holocene climate change and its impacts on ancient societies. Our findings suggest that hydroclimate changes were predominantly governed by sea surface temperature fluctuations in the western tropical Pacific, with low-frequency variability in solar activity and a decrease in summer insolation identified as primary drivers of temperature change. Moreover, ancient societies on the Korean peninsula were significantly affected by recurring cooling events, including the 2.8 ka event, 2.3 ka event, Late Antique Little Ice Age, maunder minimum, and others.
A novel method using a differential staining fluorescence microscopy (DSFM) to track the location of enteric pathogens within mixed-species biofilms
Authors: Chen Qiyue , Wang Rong , Bosilevac Joseph M. , Guragain Manita , Chitlapilly Dass Sapna
Published: September 2023

This study developed a new tool, differential staining fluorescence microscopy (DSFM), to measure the biovolume and track the location of enteric pathogens in mixed-species biofilms which can pose a risk to food safety in beef processing facilities. DSFM was employed to examine the impact of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and three different Salmonella enterica strains on mixed-species biofilms of beef processing facilities. Fourteen floor drain biofilm samples from three beef processing plants were incubated with overnight BacLight stained enteric pathogens at 7 °C for 5 days on stainless steel surface then counter-stained with FM-1-43 biofilm stain and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. Notable variations in biovolume of biofilms were observed across the fourteen samples. The introduction of E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica strains resulted in diverse alterations of biofilm biovolume, suggesting distinct impacts on mixed-species biofilms by different enteric pathogens which were revealed to be located in the upper layer of the mixed-species biofilms. Pathogen strain growth curve comparisons and verification of BacLight Red Stain staining effectiveness were validated. The findings of this study show that the DSFM method is a promising approach to studying the location of enteric pathogens within mixed-species biofilms recovered from processing facilities. Understanding how foodborne pathogens interact with biofilms will allow for improved targeted antimicrobial interventions.
Exploring the effect of pain on response to reward loss in calves
Authors: Ede Thomas , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. , Weary Daniel M.
Published: September 2023

Negative emotional states are known to interact, potentially aggravating one another. In this study, we used a well validated paradigm (successive negative contrast, SNC) to determine if pain from a common procedure (disbudding) influences responses to a reward downshift. Holstein calves (n = 30) were trained to approach a 0.5 L milk reward. Latency to approach, number of vocalisations and pressure applied on the bottle were recorded during training. To assess how pain affected responses to reward downshift, calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments before the downshift. Two groups were disbudded and provided the ‘gold standard’ of pain mitigation: intraoperative local anesthesia and analgesia. One of these disbudded groups was then provided supplemental analgesic before testing. The third group was sham disbudded. All calves were then subjected to the reward downshift by reducing the milk reward to just 0.1 L. Interactions were detected between test session and daily trials on pressure applied for the Disbudded group (estimate ± SEM: 0.08 ± 0.05), and on vocalisations for the Sham (0.3 ± 0.1) and Disbudding + Analgesia (0.4 ± 0.1) groups. Our results indicate that SNC is a promising paradigm for measuring negative affect in calves and suggests that pain potentially affects the response to a reward downshift.
Targeted single-cell proteomic analysis identifies new liquid biopsy biomarkers associated with multiple myeloma
Authors: Setayesh Sonia M. , Ndacayisaba Libere J. , Rappard Kate E. , Hennes Valerie , Rueda Luz Yurany Moreno , Tang Guilin , Lin Pei , Orlowski Robert Z. , Symer David E. , Manasanch Elisabet E. , Shishido Stephanie N. , Kuhn Peter
Published: September 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is accompanied by alterations to the normal plasma cell (PC) proteome, leading to changes to the tumor microenvironment and disease progression. There is a great need for understanding the consequences that lead to MM progression and for the discovery of new biomarkers that can aid clinical diagnostics and serve as targets for therapeutics. This study demonstrates the applicability of utilizing the single-cell high-definition liquid biopsy assay (HDSCA) and imaging mass cytometry to characterize the proteomic profile of myeloma. In our study, we analyzed ~87,000 cells from seven patient samples (bone marrow and peripheral blood) across the myeloma disease spectrum and utilized our multiplexed panel to characterize the expression of clinical markers for PC classification, additional potential therapeutic targets, and the tumor microenvironment cells. Our analysis showed BCMA, ICAM3 (CD50), CD221, and CS1 (SLAMF7) as the most abundantly expressed markers on PCs across all myeloma stages, with BCMA, ICAM3, and CD221 having significantly higher expression levels on disease versus precursor PCs. Additionally, we identify significantly elevated levels of expression for CD74, MUM1, CD229, CD44, IGLL5, Cyclin D1, UBA52, and CD317 on PCs from overt disease conditions compared to those from precursor states.
Excess explosivity driven by melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption of Baekdusan
Authors: Kim Gi Bom , Cronin Shane J. , Jeong Jong Ok , Go Sun Young , Lee Youn Soo , Liu Jiaqi , Sohn Young Kwan
Published: September 2023

Melt inclusions readily rupture and form gas bubbles during explosive volcanic eruptions, but their role as a volcanic gas source remains enigmatic. Here, we examined a pumice texture generated by the instantaneous bursting of melt inclusions during the 946 CE Plinian eruption at Baekdusan. The burst produced non-sheared, super-vesicular (>80 vol.% voids) bubble pockets, occupying volume fractions of 6–24% within the Millennium gray pumice. The bubble pocket texture suggests that the melt inclusions acted as an additional volcanic gas source that increased the volume of the erupting magma at the moment of magma fragmentation. Two distinctive feldspar–glass assemblages of either sanidine-bearing trachyte or anorthoclase-bearing rhyolite in the bubble pockets indicate that the chemical bimodality of the hemisphere-scale, 946 CE Baekdusan tephra resulted from cryptic mixing of two magmas. The excess explosivity induced by the bursting melt inclusions should be considered when modeling eruption dynamics and assessing volcanic hazards, therefore having broad volcanological implications.
Selective adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by isostructural hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Cui Peng , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Fangfang , Liu Dongni , Zhu Wenshuai
Published: September 2023

Desolvated porous 2-D HOFs constructed with isostructural molecules exhibit selective adsorption towards naphthalene and anthracene. This is achieved by channel screening with different pore sizes.
NH4I-promoted electrosynthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivatives from ketone compounds and NH4SCN
Authors: Zhang Chaowei , Yuan Gaoqing
Published: September 2023

With NH4SCN as the sulfur and nitrogen source as well as amino source, a novel electrochemical route was developed for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazole derivatives from ketone compounds.
Correction: Stannyl phosphaketene as a synthon for phosphorus analogues of β-lactams
Authors: Luo Yong-an , Zhao Zhao , Chen Ting , Li Yanguo , Zhao Yufen , Stephan Douglas W. , Wu Yile
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘Stannyl phosphaketene as a synthon for phosphorus analogues of β-lactams’ by Yong-an Luo et al., Chem. Commun., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cc03117a.
Molecular beam epitaxy of InAs quantum wells on InP(001) for high mobility two-dimensional electron gases
Authors: Aleksandrova Anna , Golz Christian , Biermann Klaus , Trampert Achim , Semtsiv Mykhaylo , Weidlich Helmut , Masselink William Ted , Takagaki Yukihiko
Published: September 2023

For InAs quantum-well structures grown on InP, the dislocations generated in the strain relaxation is confined in the compositionally graded buffer layer, leaving the two-dimensional electron gases nearly unscattered by the defects.
Correction: FeSe2 nanocrystalline aggregated microspheres with ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution for enhanced sodium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Hou Yihang , Deng Gencheng , Liu Zhuofan , Li Yonghao , Zhu Denggui , Guo Dongjie , Sun Shumin
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘FeSe2 nanocrystalline aggregated microspheres with ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution for enhanced sodium-ion storage’ by Peiyuan Wang et al., CrystEngComm, 2023, 25, 3916–3921, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CE00409K.
Study of the diffusion properties of zeolite mixtures by combined gravimetric analysis, IR spectroscopy and inversion methods (IRIS)
Authors: Ait Blal Abdelhafid , Stosic Dusan , Bazin Philippe , Vimont Alexandre , Travert Arnaud
Published: September 2023

A method combining gravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy to study the mass transport properties of zeolite-based materials overcomes some of the limitations of conventional approaches.
Effect of terahertz electromagnetic field on single-file water transport through a carbon nanotube
Authors: Zhao Yunzhen , Yang Keda , Su Jiaye
Published: September 2023

Terahertz electromagnetic field greatly affects the transport of single-file water molecules through a carbon nanotube.
Recent advances of H-intercalated Pd-based nanocatalysts for electrocatalytic reactions
Authors: Li Le , Xu Hongliang , Zhu Qianyi , Meng Xiangjun , Xu Jixing , Han Meijun
Published: September 2023

A comprehensive review in terms of the engineering and applications of Pd hydrides is summarized.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: Water at interfaces
Authors: Devlin Shane W. , Bernal Franky , Riffe Erika J. , Wilson Kevin R. , Saykally Richard J.
Published: September 2023

In this article we discuss current issues in the context of the four chosen subtopics for the meeting: dynamics and nano-rheology of interfacial water, electrified/charged aqueous interfaces, ice interfaces, and soft matter/water interfaces.
Correction: Surprisingly fast assembly of the MOF film for synergetic antibacterial phototherapeutics
Authors: Gao Jie , Hao Lingwan , Jiang Rujian , Liu Zhuo , Tian Limei , Zhao Jie , Ming Weihua , Ren Luquan
Published: September 2023

Correction for ‘Surprisingly fast assembly of the MOF film for synergetic antibacterial phototherapeutics’ by Jie Gao, et al., Green Chem., 2022, 24, 5930–5940, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC00226D.
Seratrodast platinum(iv) hybrids efficiently inhibit cancer-related thrombosis and metastasis phenotype in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Song Xue-Qing , Ding Yi-Xin , Zhang Yu-Hang , Xu Qing , Xie Xiaofeng , Song Yali , Li Longfei
Published: September 2023

Seratplatin can exert high anti-tumor effects and low toxicity, prevent tumor thrombosis and reverse metastatic phenotypes in colon cancer therapy.
A regiodivergent Truce–Smiles rearrangement: a strategy for the synthesis of arylated indoles promoted by KN(SiMe3)2
Authors: Zhou Fan , Jin Huimin , Xiang Zhenhua , Walsh Patrick J. , Li Jie
Published: September 2023

The first highly regioselective tandem indole formation/Truce–Smiles rearrangement controlled by choice of ligands for K+is presented. Use ofN,N-diethylethylenediamine gives 2,3-disubstituted indoles whereas 18-crown-6 gives benzhydryl indoles.
Deciphering the degree of proton-transfer in pyrido-cyclophanes by chiroptical outcomes in non-aqueous solvents
Authors: Álvarez-García Jonathan , Rubio-Pisabarro Víctor , García-Río Luis , Magdalena Cid María
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen position after proton transfer equilibria elucidated by diagnostic signals in ECD of cascade complexes.
Mechanisms and influencing factors of peptide hydrogel formation and biomedicine applications of hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Dongxin , Lu Kui
Published: September 2023

Self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels have shown great potential in bio-related applications due to their porous structure, strong mechanical stability, high biocompatibility, and easy functionalization.
Histone mutations in cancer
Authors: Espinoza Pereira Kimberly N. , Shan Jixiu , Licht Jonathan D. , Bennett Richard L.
Published: September 2023

Genes encoding histone proteins are recurrently mutated in tumor samples, and these mutations may impact nucleosome stability, histone post-translational modification, or chromatin dynamics. The prevalence of histone mutations across diverse cancer types suggest that normal chromatin structure is a barrier to tumorigenesis. Oncohistone mutations disrupt chromatin structure and gene regulatory mechanisms, resulting in aberrant gene expression and the development of cancer phenotypes. Examples of oncohistones include the histone H3 K27M mutation found in pediatric brain cancers that blocks post-translational modification of the H3 N-terminal tail and the histone H2B E76K mutation found in some solid tumors that disrupts nucleosome stability. Oncohistones may comprise a limited fraction of the total histone pool yet cause global effects on chromatin structure and drive cancer phenotypes. Here, we survey histone mutations in cancer and review their function and role in tumorigenesis.
A multilevel segmentation method of asymmetric semantics based on deep learning
Authors: Liu Angxin , Yang Yongbiao
Published: September 2023

An asymmetric semantic multi‐level segmentation method based on depth learning is proposed in order to improve the precision and effect of semantic segmentation. A ‘content tree’ structure and an adjacency matrix are constructed to represent the parent‐child relationship between each image sub region in a complete image. Through multiple combinations of spatial attention mechanism and channel attention mechanism, the similarity semantic features of the target object can be selectively aggregated, so as to enhance its feature expression and avoid the impact of significant objects. The asymmetric semantic segmentation model asymmetric pyramid feature convolutional network (APFCN) is constructed, and the path feature extraction and parameter adjustment are realised through APFCN. On the basis of APFCN network, a full convolution network is introduced for end‐to‐end image semantic segmentation. Combining the advantages of convolution network in extracting image features and the advantages of short‐term and short‐term memory network in solving long‐term dependence, an end‐to‐end hybrid depth network is constructed for image semantic multi‐level segmentation. The experimental results show that the mean intersection over Union value and mean pixel accuracy value are higher than that of the literature method, both of which are increased by more than 3%, and the segmentation effect is good.
Lattice piecewise affine approximation of explicit nonlinear model predictive control with application to trajectory tracking of mobile robot
Authors: Wang Kangbo , Xu Zhengqi , Zhang Kaijie , Huang Yating , Xu Jun
Published: September 2023

To promote the widespread use of mobile robots in diverse fields, the performance of trajectory tracking must be ensured. To address the constraints and nonlinear features associated with mobile robot systems, nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) is applied to realize trajectory tracking of mobile robots. Specifically, to alleviate the online computational complexity of nonlinear MPC, this paper devises a lattice piecewise affine (PWA) approximation method that can approximate both the nonlinear system and control law of explicit nonlinear MPC. The kinematic model of the mobile robot is successively linearized along the trajectory to obtain a linear time‐varying description of the system, which is then expressed using a lattice PWA model. Subsequently, the nonlinear MPC problem can be transformed into a series of linear MPC problems. Furthermore, to reduce the complexity of online calculation of multiple linear MPC problems, the optimal solution of the linear MPCs is approximated by using the lattice PWA models. That is, for different sampling states, the optimal control inputs are obtained offline, and lattice PWA approximations are constructed for the state control pairs. Simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the method in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art methods, and the results show that the method has a higher online computing speed and can decrease the offline computing time without significantly increasing the tracking error.
Design of an ultrashort H‐plane coupler without transition structure for sheet beam traveling‐wave tube amplifier at W‐band
Authors: Guo Zheng , Zhang Changqing , Cai Jun , Feng Jinjun
Published: September 2023

An ultrashort H‐plane sheet beam traveling‐wave tube (SB‐TWT) coupler without transition structure is proposed. The coupler adopts a new idea of directly coupling the microwave from H‐plane of the slow‐wave circuit (SWC) and optimizes the matching by introducing an asymmetric circular ridge on the E‐plane of the coupled waveguide. As a result, the length of the SB‐TWT coupler is reduced from more than 3λ to 1λ. At the same time, the beam tunnel area is enlarged to twice that of the SWC beam tunnel. In the working band (90–100 GHz) of the SWC, the simulation results show that the reflection is less than −25 dB, the isolation is greater than −22 dB. And the influence of the dimensions and locations of ridge on the performance of the coupler is studied. Particle‐in‐cell simulation results also show that the new coupler can not only complete the microwave coupling well but also reduce the number of SWC periods.
A multi‐area design of under frequency load shedding schemes considering energy storage system
Authors: Alavi‐Koosha Ahmadreza , Amraee Turaj , Oskouee Salar Saberi
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive under frequency load shedding (UFLS) model that can be implemented in a multi‐area power system with real network characteristics. Conventional single‐area UFLS models operate on the basis of an equivalent center‐of‐inertia (COI) model, which ignores the local dynamics of system frequency response (SFR) and the impacts of load shedding location. Unlike the single‐SFR model, that is commonly utilized in previous works, the suggested multi‐area or multi‐SFR UFLS plan of this research has the distinct benefit of taking into account the dynamics of power transfer across different electric areas. The proposed multi‐area UFLS design incorporates a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) to support the inertial system frequency response and alleviate more than 30% load shedding while improving the frequency nadir by 25%. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed method under high penetrations of inertia‐free renewables, the inertia of the power network is reduced by around 30%; therefore the proposed UFLS scheme is assessed under a low inertia scenario. The proposed multi‐stage UFLS scheme is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem, and the optimal settings, including frequency set‐points and load shedding, are then optimized. The efficiency of the proposed model is verified using the IEEE‐118 Bus dynamic test system.
Energy transition for Japan: Pathways towards a 100% renewable energy system in 2050
Authors: Bogdanov Dmitrii , Oyewo Ayobami Solomon , Mensah Theophilus Nii Odai , Nishida Yuko , Saito Tetsuo , Aikawa Takanobu , Kimura Seiichiro , Gagnebin Murielle , Pescia Dimitri , Shimoyama Tatsuhiro , Sadovskaia Kristina , Breyer Christian
Published: September 2023

This study presents a novel approach to analysing the Japanese energy system transition from a mostly fossil fuels‐based system as of today, to a sustainable renewable energy‐based system by 2050. This research uses a novel technology‐rich, multi‐regional, multi‐sectoral, and cost‐optimal energy system model for the analysis, describing pathways to achieving the Japanese climate neutrality vision by 2050 based on renewables in the most cost‐effective manner. The energy transition of Japan is analysed for both rapid and delayed defossilisation pathways, impact of demand sensitivity, and benefit of sustainable energy imports in the form of electricity from Russia and China or e‐fuels from countries like Australia. The results show that a self‐sufficient energy system is achievable; however, some sustainable energy imports in the form of electricity and e‐fuels can be beneficial in further reducing overall investments, relieve pressure to develop local renewable resources and improving energy system flexibility. In addition, this research highlights the critical advantage of a fully renewable pathway, sector coupling, and high electrification rates as the most cost‐efficient way of achieving the Japanese climate neutrality vision by 2050. The renewable pathway also delivers an energy system with high levels of efficiency gains through direct and indirect renewable electricity usage.
Measuring local physical parameters in coronal loops with spatial seismology
Authors: Chen G. Y. , Guo Y. , Ding M. D. , Erdélyi R.
Published: September 2023

Context. The method of spatial seismology can be applied to the amplitude profile of transverse coronal loop oscillations to constrain the distributions of physical parameters, such as the loop density, magnitude of the magnetic field, and so on.

Aims. We intend to develop and apply a practical spatial seismology technique to detect physical parameters of plasma and validate its effectiveness by comparing it with other methods.

Methods. A spatial seismology inversion was conducted by numerically optimizing a parametric dynamic model of the loop’s density stratification and magnetic field variation to best fit the measured amplitude profile of the loop.

Results. The spatial seismology inversion technique developed here was applied to a transverse coronal loop oscillation that occurred on 2013 April 11, whose oscillation amplitude profile of both the fundamental mode and first overtone was reported in previous work. The consistency between the time domain analysis and spatial seismology has been verified. Meanwhile, we accounted for the asymmetric profile of the fundamental mode by forward modeling and we derived the magnetic field distribution by inverse modeling, which is coincident with that of the extrapolated one. In addition, spatial seismology inversion was applied to the transverse oscillation event on 2022 March 30 to obtain the distribution of the loop’s density and magnetic field, which are compared with the results derived from the differential emission measure (DEM) diagnostics and the direct potential field extrapolation.

Conclusions. Spatial seismology inversion can be used as an effective method to independently measure various physical parameters, for example the density and magnetic field of coronal loops, which are consistent with the results obtained by DEM diagnostics and potential field extrapolation.
XMM-Newton observation of the TeV-discovered supernova remnant HESS J1534-571
Authors: Nguyen-Dang N. T. , Pühlhofer G. , Sasaki M. , Bamba A. , Doroshenko V. , Santangelo A.
Published: September 2023

We report the results obtained from XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-detected supernova remnant (SNR) HESS J1534-571. We focus on the nature of the cosmic-ray particle content in the SNR, which is revealed by its γ-ray emission. No signatures of X-ray synchrotron emission were detected from the SNR. This is consistent with earlier results obtained with Suzaku from other regions of the object. A joint modeling of the XMM-Newton and Suzaku spectra yields an upper limit for the total X-ray flux from the SNR area of ~5.62 × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1 (95% C.I.) in the energy band of 2.0–10.0 keV for an assumed photon index of 2.0. On the other hand, we do find evidence in the XMM-Newton data for a line-like emission feature at 6.4 keV from localized regions, again confirming earlier Suzaku measurements. We discuss the findings in the context of the origin of the observed γ-ray emission. Although neither hadronic nor leptonic scenarios can be fully ruled out, the observed line emission can be interpreted as the result of interactions between lower-energy (~ MeV) cosmic-ray protons with high gas-density regions in and around HESS J1534-571, and thus potentially be associated with particles accelerated in the SNR.
A comparison of the Milky Way’s recent star formation revealed by dust thermal emission and high-mass stars
Authors: Soler J. D. , Zari E. , Elia D. , Molinari S. , Mininni C. , Schisano E. , Traficante A. , Klessen R. S. , Glover S. C. O. , Hennebelle P. , Colman T. , Frankel N. , Wenger T.
Published: September 2023

We present a comparison of the Milky Way’s star formation rate (SFR) surface density (∑SFR) obtained with two independent state-of-the-art observational methods. The first method infers ΣSFR from observations of the dust thermal emission from interstellar dust grains in far-infrared wavelengths registered in the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL). The second method determines ΣSFR by modeling the current population of O-, B-, and A-type stars in a 6 kpc × 6 kpc area around the Sun. We find an agreement between the two methods within a factor of two for the mean SFRs and the SFR surface density profiles. Given the broad differences between the observational techniques and the independent assumptions in the methods for computing the SFRs, this agreement constitutes a significant advance in our understanding of the star formation of our Galaxy and implies that the local SFR has been roughly constant over the past 10 Myr.
The role of breeding centers and breed testing systems in the development of breeds with a wide potential for use
Authors: Zolkin A. L. , Matvienko E. V. , Pankratova L. A.
Published: September 2023

It shall be noted that the country's food security is impossible without modern breeding and seed production, which fully applies to both open and protected ground. Grain crops, wheat, barley, corn, rice and others, in terms of fodder productive qualities, are always among the most valuable agricultural crops and are the staple food in many countries of the world. The production of advanced agricultural products is carried out through the use of effective methods of genetics, breeding, seed production, diagnostics of pathogens, integrated plant protection products, the latest technologies and others. The tasks of breeding and seed production of agricultural crops are the reproduction of seeds of breeds and the maintenance of their genetic potential in order to preserve the properties and economically valuable traits. High-quality seeds of the best zoned breeds and hybrids are the foundation of the future harvest. Breeds with a wide adaptive potential allow them to be grown in different climatic conditions and to select for the best forms.
Use of a new breeding methods for creation of breeds with desired properties and traits
Authors: Zolkin A. L. , Matvienko E. V. , Koval Yu. N.
Published: September 2023

In modern crop production (including field, vegetable, fruit and berry, ornamental and even some forest crops), breeds are cultivated. All of them are the products of breeding (the branch of agricultural production). According to various sources, selection currently provides from 25 to 40% of the increase in yield, the rest falls on the share of cultivation technology. There are examples of a more significant contribution of breeding to yield growth. Breeding is available for such changes in the quality of products that are beyond the power of agricultural technology, for example, the color range of flowers of ornamental crops, the composition of oil in oilseeds, improving the baking qualities of flour in wheat, and increasing the content of substances with medicinal properties in medicinal plants.