bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Digital Innovation in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Sharrer G. T.
Published: November 2024

A generation ago, pediatric surgeons practiced their art during a “golden age.” They learned how to carry out highly complex operations such as separating conjoined twins, the intestinal pull-through, brain hemispherectomy, and organ transplantation. Moreover, they also introduced minimally invasive surgery with laparoscopic tools, began video-assisted thoracic surgery, and reduced premature births with cervical cerclage. Such procedures will never be commonplace, but they no longer make the evening news. What garners attention now is molecular surgery (gene therapy and genome editing), a score of “omics” for precision diagnostics, ex vivo tissue and organ culture, and artificial intelligence applied to everything, digitally controlled, between the doctor’s stethoscope and autonomous robots. The question, now, is whether pediatric surgery’s greatest golden age is past or yet to be.
An integer arithmetic-based AMG preconditioned FGMRES solver
Authors: Suzuki Kengo , Fukaya Takeshi , Iwashita Takeshi
Published: November 2024

We consider solving a sparse linear system using integer (fixed-point) arithmetic. Integer arithmetic has attracted attention in scientific computing because of its high computational efficiency. Furthermore, considering the current circumstances of hardware development, integer arithmetic is expected to become increasingly important. Nevertheless, integer arithmetic has not been widely used for solving linear systems because it lacks robustness against overflow and underflow, making it hard to solve practical problems. Thus, we propose a new integer-based implementation framework for the flexible GMRES (FGMRES) method, which enables integer-based solvers to solve linear systems with the same accuracy as conventional floating-point solvers. In addition, we propose an integer-only algebraic multigrid preconditioner. Combining it with the integer-based FGMRES framework, we develop an integer-based solver. Numerical experiments on CPUs showed that the developed integer-based solver has a comparable convergence rate to floating-point solvers. We also found the test cases where the integer-based solver runs faster than the floating-point solvers.
Digital Literacy in Undergraduate Education Curricula
Authors: Matthews Barry
Published: November 2024

Assumptions are made around the digital literacy and digital capabilities of students in higher education. It is important that these assumptions are dismissed, digital literacy becomes a true consideration in curriculum design, and students are supported in their development rather than expected to develop the digital skills they need. Supporting students in their development of digital literacy through curriculum integration not only allows them to succeed in education, but also work toward obtaining the skills they need for their future career and joining a workforce in a digital society.
The Rhesus Macaque as an Animal Model for Human Nutrition: An Ecological-Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Cui Zhenwei , Dong Yunlong , Sholl Jonathan , Lu Jiqi , Raubenheimer David
Published: November 2024

Nutrition is a complex and contested area in biomedicine, which requires diverse evidence sources. Nonhuman primate models are considered an important biomedical research tool because of their biological similarities to humans, but they are typically used with little explicit consideration of their ecology and evolution. Using the rhesus macaque (RM), we consider the potential of nutritional ecology for enriching the use of primates as models for human nutrition. We introduce some relevant aspects of RM evolutionary and social ecology and discuss two examples where they have been used in biomedical research: obesity and aging. We next consider how insights from nutritional ecology can help inform and direct the use of RM as a biomedical model. We conclude by illustrating how conceptual tools might inform the use of RM as a model for human nutrition and extracting insights from RM that might be relevant to broader theoretical considerations around animal model systems.
Analysis of Transient Current and Heat Flow during Voltage Holds: For 70 wt% Silicon Anode Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Streck Luiza , Roth Thomas , Bosch Hannah , Noel Andreas , Keil Peter , Jossen Andreas
Published: November 2024

This study compares the impact of conducting voltage hold measurements with Si/NCA Lithium-ion cells containing 70 wt% silicon in the anode and G/NMC811 cells. Silicon is known to present significant volume changes and hysteretic behavior, which has a big impact on the electrochemical behavior of the cells. Isothermal microcalorimetry is combined with voltage hold measurements to investigate the heat flow signals in relaxed (with 30 days storage) and unrelaxed (without storage) conditions. In addition, the influence of relaxation on the voltage hold experiments was investigated in different cell formats: coins, T-cells, and multi-layer pouch cells. The calorimetry results indicate that the equalization of inhomogeneities, and relaxation hysteresis, are more pronounced electrically than thermally, showing a pronounced impact from silicon´s intrinsic material characteristics. When 720 h of storage is introduced, the transient heat flow for silicon and graphite is similar and stabilizes much earlier for coin cells. Moreover, when conducting voltage holds with positive and negative charging currents, the intrinsic hysteresis of silicon impacts the amount of the measured leakage current. For graphite, the leakage currents are very similar.
Fabrication of Ordered Nanohole Arrays by Anodization of Sn Substrates with Ordered Dimple Patterns Formed Using Porous Alumina Template
Authors: Umeki Kota , Yanagishita Takashi
Published: November 2024

Sn thin films with ordered concave patterns were formed by the thermal deposition of Sn onto an anodic porous alumina template and peeling off the Sn thin film from the template. Ordered nanohole array structures with uniformly sized pores were obtained by anodizing the obtained Sn thin film. This is because each shallow concave formed on the Sn thin film acts as an initiation site for pore development during the initial anodization stage. On the basis of this process, large-area anodic Sn oxide films with ordered nanohole array structures were obtained using a large-area anodic porous alumina template. The interpore distance of the nanohole array structure in the anodic Sn oxide film can also be controlled by changing the structure of the anodic porous alumina template. The obtained anodic Sn oxide film with an ordered nanohole array structure is expected to be used for various applications, such as batteries, sensors, and solar cells.
Review—Versatile MXenes in Biosensing Applications: A Recent Trend
Authors: Meena Shweta
Published: November 2024

Layered two-dimensional materials have gained tremendous attention in the area of bio sensing. Among two-dimensional materials (2D), MXenes have been recognized as versatile material for advanced biosensing applications. Recently, MXenes have gained huge popularity due to their good biocompatibility, high metallic conductivity, exceptional hydrophilicity, ease of surface functionalization, high surface area, better redox ability, and high heterogeneous transfer rate of electron. Antitoxicity and anti-fouling properties, hydrophilic behaviour, and biocompatibility have unfolded new avenues for MXenes in performing in vivo and in vitro analysis. This review comprehensively assesses the basic concept and distinctive properties of MXenes along with MXene synthesis and strategies in the growth of different wearable, immunosensors, optical and electrochemical biosensors. In addition, challenges in the usage of MXenes for biosensors are compiled with future scope. This review is considered to elucidate the growth of MXenes in biosensing and is believed to open possibilities in translational applications for MXene bio-assays and development of advanced MXene based biosensors having higher selectivity and sensitivity.
Electrochemical Treatment of Doxycycline-Containing Wastewater from Pharmaceutical Industry in Batch and Once-Through Continuous Mode
Authors: Dehariya Neetesh Kumar , Rajoria Sonal , Sangal Vikas Kumar
Published: November 2024

Doxycycline (DOXY), a widely used antibiotic during COVID-19, was overused, leading to concerns about contamination of aquatic environments and environmental problems. The present study used the Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrode for DOXY’s electrochemical oxidation (EO) in batch and once-through continuous mode operations. Process parameters were optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM)-Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model. The impact of key input parameters, including time (t), current density (j) (mA cm−2), and pH, on the percentage of DOXY degradation and energy consumption was systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions pH = 3, t = 73 min, and j = 11.63 mA cm−2, DOXY degradation achieved 91% with an energy consumption of 5.283 kWh m−3. In the once-through continuous mode EO process, optimal conditions reached 91% DOXY degradation with an energy consumption of 13.98 kWh m−3, achieved at a residence time (Rt) of 139 min, elapsed (Et) time of 100 min and at j = 20.40 mA cm−2. The EO process utilizing Ti/TiO2-RuO2-IrO2 electrodes demonstrates significant potential for the degradation of DOXY, primarily due to its enhanced degradation efficiency. This method’s superior performance highlights its viability as a highly effective approach for the treatment of DOXY-contaminated wastewater.
K‐Means Centroids Initialization Based on Differentiation Between Instances Attributes
Authors: Khan Ali Akbar , Bashir Muhammad Salman , Batool Asma , Raza Muhammad Summair , Bashir Muhammad Adnan
Published: November 2024

The conventional K‐Means clustering algorithm is widely used for grouping similar data points by initially selecting random centroids. However, the accuracy of clustering results is significantly influenced by the initial centroid selection. Despite different approaches, including various K‐Means versions, suboptimal outcomes persist due to inadequate initial centroid choices and reliance on common normalization techniques like min‐max normalization. In this study, we propose an improved algorithm that selects initial centroids more effectively by utilizing a novel formula to differentiate between instance attributes, creating a single weight for differentiation. We introduce a preprocessing phase for dataset normalization without forcing values into a specific range, yielding significantly improved results compared to unnormalized datasets and those normalized using min‐max techniques. For our experiments, we used five real datasets and five simulated datasets. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using various metrics and an external benchmark measure, such as the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), and compared with the traditional K‐Means algorithm and 11 other modified K‐Means algorithms. Experimental evaluations on these datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed methodologies, achieving an impressive average accuracy rate of up to 95.47% and an average ARI score of 0.95. Additionally, the number of iterations required is reduced compared to the conventional K‐Means algorithm. By introducing innovative techniques, this research provides significant contributions to the field of data clustering, particularly in addressing modern data‐driven clustering challenges.
Atomically Dispersed Platinum Supported on Crumpled Graphene Supports for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lee Wonyoung , Jeong Taeyoung , Kim Kiwon , Yoo Jeeyoung , Kang Joonhee , Lee Byeongyong , Kim Myeongjin
Published: November 2024

Platinum (Pt) single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are a promising alternative to commercial Pt/carbon (C) catalysts because of their tunable catalytic activity with maximum atomic efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a nitrogen (N)‐doped three‐dimensional (3D) crumpled graphene‐supported Pt SAC (NCG/Pt) that efficiently catalyzes HER under acidic media. The NCG/Pt demonstrates an overpotential of 0.11 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a mass activity of 2852.9 A g−1Pt, highlighting its superior 3.6 times greater hydrogen (H) production capacity compared to Pt/C. Systematically controlled electrochemical characterization together with synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm experiment successfully established the structure–activity relationship, and the enhanced catalytic performance was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect between the Pt‐pyridinic N4 moiety and the crumpled graphene (CG) support. Our work presents a rational approach to designing a highly effective, robust, and efficient electrocatalyst for acidic HER.
Brown‐Colored Malignant Pleural Fluid With High Bilirubin Levels: A Case Series
Authors: Huan Nai-Chien , Nyanti Larry Ellee , Lee Xin Ying , Ramarmuty Hema Yamini , Eng Daniel Theng Sheng , Sivaraman Kannan Kunji Kannan , Gary Lee Yun Chor
Published: November 2024

Brown‐colored pleural effusion is rare and may result from high bilirubin levels such as bilothorax (often described as a pleural fluid‐to‐serum bilirubin ratio of > 1.0). We describe four patients with malignant pleural effusion that appeared macroscopically brown with a pleural fluid‐to‐serum bilirubin ratio between 3.7 and 16.2. All had metastatic adenocarcinomas; three were from lung and one from gastric origin. None demonstrated clear pleurobiliary fistulas on investigations. Postulates for the development of brown effusion include heme oxygenase 1 overexpression in malignant cells situated in the pleura, intrapleural hemolysis, passive movement of bile through microscopic diaphragmatic pores, and drainage of biliary fluid into the pleural lymphatics.
Pharmaceutical Management of Rosacea—An Australian/New Zealand Medical Dermatology Consensus Narrative
Authors: Rademaker M. , Foley P. , Sullivan J. , Armour K. , Baker C. , Ferguson A. , Gebauer K. , Gupta M. , Marshman G. , McMeniman E. , Rubel D. , Wong L.
Published: November 2024

Rosacea, a common chronic, predominantly centro‐facial dermatosis, has previously been classified into distinct subtypes with a range of morphological signs that overlap with other inflammatory skin disorders. Recently, there has been a move towards diagnosis of clinical phenotypes, largely driven by a better understanding of the pathophysiology of rosacea and clinical trial endpoints. Despite this, treatment remains a challenge. The Australasian Medical Dermatology Group held a Rosacea workshop in November 2022 to develop a practical narrative. Eighteen recommendations were agreed upon using a modified eDelphi process in the first round, including a rosacea treatment algorithm.
Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Organizational Learning Instrument–Development Stages (OLI‐DS) Instrument in Hospital Units
Authors: Mirzaei Alireza , Kazemi Darabadi Faranak , Havaskar Sahar , Lotfi Azade , Nemati-Vakilabad Reza
Published: November 2024

Aim: The Organizational Learning Instrument–Development Stages (OLI‐DS) measure hospital units’ readiness to engage in organizational learning. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of this instrument.

Background: Organizational learning is crucial for nurses as it enables them to continuously develop their knowledge, skills, and abilities, enhancing the quality of patient care. However, validated instruments are needed to assess organizational learning in Persian‐speaking healthcare settings.

Design: The research was carried out using a cross‐sectional design.

Methods: This research study involved 319 clinical nurses selected using convenience sampling. The OLI‐DS tool, consisting of 35 items, underwent a forward–backward translation process to Persian before being utilized for a psychometric analysis. The face, content, and construct validity were used to evaluate the tool’s effectiveness. The quality and accuracy of the measurements were determined by calculating internal consistency and stability reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

Results: The intended meaning and clarity of the original English version were preserved in the Persian rendition of the OLI‐DS instrument. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further confirmed the consistency of the Persian version with the proposed four‐factor model, indicating a good fit. The overall instrument had excellent values for Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = 0.931), McDonald’s omega (ω = 0.921), coefficient H (H = 0.979), and mean interitem correlation (ρ = 0.278). The convergent and discriminant validity of the four latent factors was found to be good. The stability of the overall OLI‐DS instrument was ICC = 0.942 (95% CI, 0.902–0.955).

Conclusion: The Persian version of the OLI‐DS has been validated to evaluate hospital units’ readiness for organizational learning processes. It is a robust tool for assessing their preparedness to participate in and benefit from organizational learning initiatives.

Implications for Nursing Management: The robust psychometric validation of the Persian version of the OLI‐DS instrument equips nursing administrators and leaders with a reliable tool. This tool can assess and monitor organizational learning and development in healthcare settings, empowering them to make informed decisions in critical nursing management activities.
Dorsal Column Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Brain-Spine Connectivity through Locomotion- and Visuospatial-Specific Area Activation in Progressive Freezing of Gait
Authors: Zemmar Ajmal , Aguirre-Padilla David H. , Harmsen Irene E. , Baarbé Julianne , Sarica Can , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Grippe Talyta , Darmani Ghazaleh , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Chen Zhongcan , Gartner Kelly E. , van Wouwe Nelleke , Azevedo Paula , Vetkas Artur , Paul Darcia , Samuel Nardin , Sorrento Gianluca , Santyr Brendan , Rowland Nathan , Kalia Suneil , Chen Robert , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a clinical phenomenon with major life impairments and significant reduction in quality of life for affected patients. FOG is a feature of Parkinson’s disease and a hallmark of primary progressive FOG, currently reclassified as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-progressive gait freezing (PSP-PGF). The pathophysiology of FOG and particularly PGF, which is a rare degenerative disorder with a progressive natural history of gait decline, is poorly understood. Mechanistically, changes in oscillatory activity and synchronization in frontal cortical regions, the basal ganglia, and the midbrain locomotor region have been reported, indicating that dysrhythmic oscillations and coherence could play a causal role in the pathophysiology of FOG. Deep brain stimulation and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have been tested as therapeutic neuromodulation avenues for FOG with mixed outcomes. Methods: We analyzed gait and balance in 3 patients with PSP-PGF who received percutaneous thoracic SCS and utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography, and electromyography to evaluate functional connectivity between the brain and spine. Results: Gait and balance did not worsen over a 13-month period. This observation was accompanied by decreased beta-band spectral power in the whole brain and particularly in the basal ganglia. This was accompanied by increased functional connectivity in and between the sensorimotor cortices, basal ganglia, temporal cortex, and cerebellum, and a surge in corticomuscular coherence when SCS was paired with visual cues. Conclusion: Our results suggest synergistic activity between brain and spinal circuits upon SCS for FOG in PGF, which may have implications for future brain-spine interfaces and closed-loop neuromodulation for patients with FOG.
Phase I clinical study of a multi-kinase inhibitor TG02 capsule for the treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas with failed temozolomide treatment in Chinese patients
Authors: Guo Cheng-cheng , Yang Qun-ying , Xi Shao-yan , Zhou Jian , Zhou Zhi-Huan , Cao Xi , Liao Yi-xiang , Li Benjamin Xiao-yi , Dai Xiang-rong , Wong Michael , Li Yu-jie , Yu Xiao-hui , Chen Zhong-ping
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Here, we report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics and preliminary efficacy of a multi-kinase inhibitor (TG02 capsule) as a new therapy for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas in China.
Methods: This is a single-center, dose-escalation, open-label phase I study, which enrolled patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas who failed to temozolomide. Patients were assigned sequentially into different dose groups and received TG02 every 4 weeks. The dose was increased in a traditional 3+3 design. Primary endpoints were the dose-limited toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).
Results: Twelve patients (8 glioblastomas, 4 diffuse astrocytoma) were enrolled between May 2019 and November 2021. Three patients received 100 mg and 9 received 150 mg TG02 twice a week. The plasma concentration of TG02 reached the maximum at 2 hours after administration, and the elimination half-life was about 7 hours. No DLT occurred and MTD was not defined in this study. Eleven patients had one or more investigator-assessed treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most frequent TRAEs were vomiting (91.7%) and diarrhea (75.0%), and 50% of the patients had grade 3 or 4 adverse events. There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-4.24) and 9.63 (95%CI: 2.66-not estimated) months, respectively.
Conclusions: TG02 capsule 150mg twice a week is safe and tolerable in Chinese patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Patients who failed to temozolomide showed obvious tumor reduction when switching to TG02 capsule. The efficacy for recurrent gliomas warrant further investigation.
Nodular Vasculitis: Retrospective Study of an Uncommon Disease in a Non-Tuberculosis Endemic Country with Focus on Treatment Modalities and Efficacy
Authors: Guillet Carole , Hauser Xenia , Stillhard Andrea , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter , Kolm Isabel
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Nodular vasculitis (NV) is a rare form of panniculitis primarily affecting middle-aged females, presenting as painful, sometimes ulcerated nodules on the dorsal lower legs. Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is a form of NV and is considered a manifestation of cutaneous tuberculin hypersensitivity. This retrospective study aims to analyze demographics, clinicopathological findings, laboratory results, and treatment outcomes of NV in a non-TB endemic country. Methods: Data of NV patients were extracted from the electronic hospital database of the University Hospital Zurich. Patients were included only if histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NV and sufficient information on demographics, treatment, and follow-up were available. Results: We conducted a 20-year retrospective study, including 62 patients with NV. The most common site of involvement was the lower extremities. Disease duration varied from several months to over 20 years. Histopathological examination revealed lobular panniculitis, with or without vasculitis, and granuloma formation. Tuberculosis association was assessed through the QuantiFERON test and mycobacteria PCR, showing positive results in 22 or 37 (59%) tested cases and in 2 out of 27 cases (7.4%), respectively. Comorbidities were found in over half of the patients. Treatment modalities included topical corticosteroids, antitubercular therapy, systemic steroids, and potassium iodide. Almost 50% of all patients experienced relapses despite treatment. Conclusion: Topical steroids, antitubercular therapy, systemic steroids, and potassium iodide showed similar response rates. Tuberculostatic therapy upon detecting latent TB is recommended. Considering the high recurrence rate and potential side effects of systemic therapies, we recommend first-line treatment with potent topical steroids and compression stockings.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Lee Tsong-Hai
Published: November 2024

Background: Compared to ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has higher mortality and more severe disability. Asian such as Chinese and Japanese and Mexican Americans, Latin Americans, African Americans, Native Americans has higher incidences than do white Americans. So, ICH is an important cerebrovascular disease in Asia. Summary: ICH accounts for approximately 10–20% of all strokes. The incidence of ICH is higher in low- and middle-income than high-income countries and is estimated 8–15% in western countries like USA, UK, and Australia, and 18–24% in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. The ICH incidence increases exponentially with age, and old age especially over 80 years is a major predictor of mortality independent of ICH severity. Females are older at the onset of ICH and have higher clinical severity than males. Modifiable risk factors include blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, lipid profiles, use of anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and sympathomimetic drugs. Non-modifiable risk factors constitute old age, male gender, Asian ethnicity, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral microbleed, and chronic kidney disease. Blood pressure is the most important risk factor of ICH. Imaging markers may help predict ICH outcome, which include black hole sign, blend sign, iodine sign, island sign, leakage sign, satellite sign, spot sign, spot-tail sign, swirl sign, and hypodensities. ICH prognostic scoring system such as ICH scoring system and ICH grading scale scoring system in Chinese and Osaka prognostic score and Naples prognostic score has been used to predict ICH outcome. Early minimally invasive removal of ICH can be recommended for lobar ICH of 30–80 mL within 24 h after onset. Decompressive craniectomy without clot evacuation might benefit ICH patients aged 18–75 years with 30–100 mL at basal ganglia or thalamus. However, clinical studies are needed to investigate the effect of surgery on patients with smaller or larger ICH, ICH in non-lobar locations, and for older patients or patients with preexisting disability. Surgical treatment is usually associated with neurological sequels if survived. For medical treatment, blood pressure lowering should be careful titrated to secure continuous smooth and sustained control and avoid peaks and large variability in systolic blood pressure. Stroke and cancer are the most common causes of death in Asian ICH patients, compared to stroke and cardiac disease in non-Asian patients. Key Messages: The incidence and outcome are different between Asian and non-Asian patients, and more clinical studies are needed to investigate the best management for Asian ICH patients.
Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee Soo Young , Han Eon Chul
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of early oral feeding (EOF), a key component of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed databases to include randomized clinical trials comparing EOF that started on postoperative day 1 and conventional oral feeding that commenced after first flatus. Two authors independently screened the retrieved records and extracted data. The primary outcome was total complications. Data were pooled, and the overall effect size was calculated using a fixed-effect model. Results: We screened 13 studies, and 1,556 patients were included in the analysis. The EOF group exhibited fewer total complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.65). Anastomotic leakage was also reduced in the EOF group (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.83); however, an increased incidence of vomiting (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.11–2.26) as well as a tendency of higher rate of nasogastric tube reinsertion (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.96–2.31) were observed. The EOF group demonstrated a decreased time to flatus (mean difference [MD] −0.87; 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.74) and shortened hospital stay (MD: −0.76; 95% CI: −0.89 to −0.6). No significant difference in mortality was observed between the two groups (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.15–2.01). Conclusion: EOF proved to be a safe and effective practice for patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. However, the increased incidence of vomiting necessitates careful consideration.
Association between Serum Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio and Readmission in Elderly Heart Failure Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Leilei , Liu Li , Li Tianwen , Cai Lina , Hu Li , Zhou Yueshan
Published: November 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the serum albumin-to-serum creatinine ratio (sACR) and readmission in elderly heart failure patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the PhysioNet Restricted Health Data database. The exposure variable was sACR and the outcome variable readmission. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the independent association between sACR and readmission. Smooth curve fits were applied to examine the nonlinear relationship. We employed multiple imputation and E-value sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results. Results: Our study included 1,725 participants, of whom 40.6% were male, 59.2% were aged 60–79 years, and 40.8% were aged 80 years and older. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that for each unit increase in sACR, the 28-day readmission rate decreased by 48% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.95, p = 0.003). The 28-day readmission rate was significantly higher in the low sACR group (sACR <0.32) than in the high sACR group (sACR >0.51) (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.3–0.76, p = 0.002). Similar results were observed for 3-month and 9-month readmission. Subgroup analysis showed no significant interactions. A nonlinear relationship was observed between the sACR and readmission. Sensitivity analyses have confirmed the robustness of our results. Conclusion: There is a negative association between sACR and readmission in Chinese heart failure patients. Our study may offer novel insights into the management of heart failure readmissions.
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors for Cardiorenal Protection: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Mazzieri Alessio , Timio Francesca , Patera Francesco , Trepiccione Francesco , Bonomini Mario , Reboldi Gianpaolo
Published: November 2024

Background: Aldosterone is the principal mineralocorticoid hormone and the final effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This hormone is primarily synthesized by the CYP11B2 enzyme and produced by the adrenal zona glomerulosa. Through genomic and non-genomic effects, it plays an important role in cardiovascular and renal disease. To counteract aldosterone-mediated damage, steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are recommended by international guidelines, but endocrine side effects often limit their use in a substantial proportion of patients. Conversely, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, with an improved selectivity and safety profile, are gaining a prominent position among therapeutic pillars. However, blocking the mineralocorticoid receptors does not completely inhibit aldosterone effects because of escape mechanisms and non-genomic activity. Thus, inhibiting aldosterone synthesis could be a promising strategy to prevent aldosterone-mediated cardiorenal damage. The limited specificity for CYP11B2 and side effects due to off-target activity hampered the development of first-generation aldosterone synthase inhibitors (ASIs). Summary: The development of highly specific ASIs led to successful clinical trials in patients with resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. Additionally, a recent randomized clinical trial showed a significant benefit of ASIs in patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria. Key Messages: The strength of the clinical evidence collected so far is still limited, and larger outcome-based clinical trials are needed to confirm the promising role of ASIs in cardiorenal damage.
A metáfora dos mutantes e a religião das máquinas em House of X/Powers of X
Authors: Marques Rafael Rodrigues Lourenço , Silva Wanderleia Pereira da
Published: November 2024

It is a reflection on the first editions of Marvel Comics' House of X and Powers of X, by Jonathan Hickman, drawing from authors such as Flusser and Erick Felinto. Underlying this discussion is an examination of American comics as both artwork and product, viewed through the lens of the culture industry as described by Theodore Adorno, and the logic of technical reproducibility according to Walter Benjamin. In accordance to the Critical Theory, comic books are part of a structural consumerist web inherent to the culture industry, in a relationship in which man becomes the object of his own creation. However, it is posited here that within the intricacies of this mechanism there are gaps for bursts of creativity, especially in the science fiction genre, where dreamlike whispers about tomorrow leap from the author’s mind and crystallize in the contemporary imagination.
Lugar de mulher é nos fanzines (ou onde ela quiser)
Authors: Santos Roberto Elísio dos
Published: November 2024

Resenha do livro BraZineiras: o protagonismo feminino nos fanzines.
Pharmacist Medication Titration Program for Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Systolic Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sykora Daniel , Olson Nicole , Churchill Robert , Kim B. Michelle , Bratcher Melanie , Elwazir Mohamed , Young Kathleen , Ryan Sami , Brodin Michelle , Anderson Jan , Saunders Jeremiah , Abou Ezzeddine Omar , Bois John , Giudicessi John , Cooper Leslie , Rosenbaum Andrew
Published: November 2024

Background

A multidisciplinary approach improves guideline‐directed medical therapy in systolic heart failure (HF), but its efficacy in patients with HF due to cardiac sarcoidosis is unreported.

Methods and Results

In a retrospective cohort study, we reviewed 848 patients from our institutional cardiac sarcoidosis clinics, identifying those with a cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosis, HF (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) at index evaluation, and echocardiograms within 90 days and 11 to 36 months. Patients were stratified by participation in a pharmacist‐led medication therapy management (MTM) program for guideline‐directed medical therapy optimization (MTM versus non‐MTM [NMTM]) without randomization. Demographics, left ventricular ejection fraction, guideline‐directed medical therapy (quantified by Kansas City Medical Optimization score), and immunosuppressive therapy were assessed. Primary outcomes included changes in Kansas City Medical Optimization score, left ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiovascular event–free survival (unplanned HF hospitalization, left ventricular assist device /heart transplant, or death). The final cohort included 111 patients (median age, 57 years; 34% women; 64% New York Heart Association class I–II); 43 (39%) were MTM and 68 (61%) were NMTM. Mean Kansas City Medical Optimization score was similar at index evaluation (MTM, 23.2; NMTM, 29.6;
P
=0.83). At follow‐up (median, 16 months), the Kansas City Medical Optimization score increased significantly in both groups (MTM, 23.2 to 74.8;
P
<0.001; NMTM, 29.6 to 58.7;
P
<0.001) but was higher in MTM (
P
=0.001). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction trended toward higher values in MTM (44.4% versus 40.0%,
P
=0.05). The primary clinical outcome occurred in 1 MTM (2.3%) and 16 NMTM (23.5%) patients, with higher risk in NMTM (hazard ratio, 11.97 [95% CI, 1.58–90.54];
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

In this retrospective cohort study, a pharmacist‐led MTM program was associated with favorable guideline‐directed medical therapy optimization and lower risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis with HF.
Computing With Residue Numbers in High-Dimensional Representation
Authors: Kymn Christopher J. , Kleyko Denis , Frady E. Paxon , Bybee Connor , Kanerva Pentti , Sommer Friedrich T. , Olshausen Bruno A.
Published: November 2024

We introduce residue hyperdimensional computing, a computing framework that unifies residue number systems with an algebra defined over random, high-dimensional vectors. We show how residue numbers can be represented as high-dimensional vectors in a manner that allows algebraic operations to be performed with component-wise, parallelizable operations on the vector elements. The resulting framework, when combined with an efficient method for factorizing high-dimensional vectors, can represent and operate on numerical values over a large dynamic range using resources that scale only logarithmically with the range, a vast improvement over previous methods. It also exhibits impressive robustness to noise. We demonstrate the potential for this framework to solve computationally difficult problems in visual perception and combinatorial optimization, showing improvement over baseline methods. More broadly, the framework provides a possible account for the computational operations of grid cells in the brain, and it suggests new machine learning architectures for representing and manipulating numerical data.
Generalization Guarantees of Gradient Descent for Shallow Neural Networks
Authors: Wang Puyu , Lei Yunwen , Wang Di , Ying Yiming , Zhou Ding-Xuan
Published: November 2024

Significant progress has been made recently in understanding the generalization of neural networks (NNs) trained by gradient descent (GD) using the algorithmic stability approach. However, most of the existing research has focused on one-hidden-layer NNs and has not addressed the impact of different network scaling. Here, network scaling corresponds to the normalization of the layers. In this article, we greatly extend the previous work (Lei et al., 2022; Richards & Kuzborskij, 2021) by conducting a comprehensive stability and generalization analysis of GD for two-layer and three-layer NNs. For two-layer NNs, our results are established under general network scaling, relaxing previous conditions. In the case of three-layer NNs, our technical contribution lies in demonstrating its nearly co-coercive property by utilizing a novel induction strategy that thoroughly explores the effects of overparameterization. As a direct application of our general findings, we derive the excess risk rate of O(1/n) for GD in both two-layer and three-layer NNs. This sheds light on sufficient or necessary conditions for underparameterized and overparameterized NNs trained by GD to attain the desired risk rate of O(1/n). Moreover, we demonstrate that as the scaling factor increases or the network complexity decreases, less overparameterization is required for GD to achieve the desired error rates. Additionally, under a low-noise condition, we obtain a fast risk rate of O(1/n) for GD in both two-layer and three-layer NNs.
Forest Breeze–Cold Pool Interactions Drive Convective Organization over Heterogeneous Vegetation
Authors: Ascher Benjamin D. , Saleeby Stephen M. , Marinescu Peter J. , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: November 2024

Heterogeneous landscapes can influence the development of convection through the generation of thermally driven mesoscale circulations. To assess the impacts of these circulations and their interaction with sea breezes, we simulated convection in an idealized coastal environment using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). We compared simulations with striped patterns of surface vegetation to those of uniform vegetation to identify the importance of vegetation heterogeneity in impacting convective development. Under dry soil conditions representative of those during the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) and Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Environment (ESCAPE) campaigns in June 2022, we found that these vegetation-induced circulations, referred to in the literature as “forest breezes,” are more important than the sea breeze in determining the location of convection initiation. Convection and precipitation are also found to be favored over forests and suppressed over pasture and suburban landscapes as a result of greater surface sensible heat flux over the forest. Our findings also indicate that forest breezes are important for initiating convection along the boundaries of the forest, but that cold pools may play a key role in propagating the forest breezes toward the center of the forest stripe. In our simulations, the collisions of these breezes in the center of the forest stripe lead to uplift and strong convection there; however, a different width of the forest stripe would alter when the forest breezes collide or whether they collide at all. The presence of these cold pools may therefore impact the “ideal stripe width,” the width of each vegetation stripe which maximizes domain-wide precipitation.
Being a woman or being a mathematician: Self and external perceptions of female early career researchers in a mathematical cluster of excellence
Authors: Ransiek Anna , Mischau Anina
Published: November 2024

In Germany, equality between men and women in mathematics, particularly in scientific leadership positions, is far from being achieved. This is despite to different equality measures implemented over the last few decades. Grounded in sociology of knowledge, interaction theory, and field theory, this article analyzes possible causes and mechanisms that maintain gender differences in a mathematical cluster of excellence in which gender equality is formulated as a goal and implemented in various measures. Based on 65 semi-structured interviews, the focus is on the self-perceptions of female early career researchers as mathematicians, as well as the (gendered) attributions they have to deal with by (male and female) scientists in leadership positions against the background of the specific culture in a mathematical cluster of excellence. We highlight the tensions that female early career researchers identify in being regarded as women when they want to be perceived and recognized first as mathematicians. We shed light on how this tension is connected to the discipline and (re)produced by scientists in leadership positions in their patterns of interpretation about equality (measures).
Financial Vulnerability and Risks to Growth in Emerging Markets
Authors: Acharya Viral V. , Bhadury Soumya , Surti Jay
Published: November 2024

This article introduces a new financial vulnerability index for emerging market economies by exploiting key differences in their business cycles relative to those of advanced economies. Information on the domestic price of risk, cost of dollar hedging and market-based measures of bank vulnerability combine to generate indexes significantly more effective in capturing macro-financial vulnerability and stress compared to those based on information in trade and global factors. Our index significantly augments early warning surveillance capacity, as evidenced by out-of-sample forecasting gains around a majority of turning points in gross domestic product (GDP) growth, relative to distributed lag models that are augmented with information from macro-financial indexes that are custom-built to optimise such forecasts.

JEL Codes: C53, E32, E44
The “Authentic Islam” on the Internet: The Official Websites of the Ministries of Religious Affairs in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia
Authors: Tamburini Francesco
Published: November 2024

The governments of the Maghreb states appropriated and subordinated Islam after gaining independence, utilizing religion to strengthen national identity, unity, and establish political power. The goal of governmental control over religious doctrine was to stop “heterodox” Muslim beliefs and behaviors from deviating from the officially sanctioned conceptual framework of a national Islam. This study will employ a comparative methodology to examine the little-known function of the websites of the Ministries of Religious Affairs in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. It will highlight differences in the aims and scopes of these websites, as well as the state’s use of the Internet for religious purposes.
Nonlinear thermal flutter of variable angle tow curved panels with elastically restrained edges in supersonic airflow by generalized Galerkin method
Authors: Nie Guojun , Li Huizhong , Chen Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Variable Angle Tows (VAT) composite materials can effectively transfer major stresses from the interior region to the edges through in-plane load redistribution, thereby significantly enhancing their structural performance. Therefore, correct handling of boundary conditions is crucial in analyzing VAT structures. Considering that most practical engineering cases involve non-ideal or non-classical boundary support, this paper proposes an efficient method to address the nonlinear thermal flutter problem of elastic supported VAT curved panels in supersonic airflow. Assuming the fiber orientation angle varies in four different ways along the x-direction, the basic equations are established based on the von Kármán large deformation plate theory and the first-order piston theory. The generalized Galerkin method, capable of handling arbitrary elastic boundary constraints, is used to solve the problem in the space domain, while the Runge-Kutta method is applied in the time domain. Numerical examples illustrate how elastically restrained conditions, fiber orientation angles, height-rise ratio, and thermal loads, along with aerodynamic pressure, influence flutter responses of VAT panels. The presented method can be used for the aeroelastic stability design of VAT curved panels under arbitrary boundary conditions.
Revisiting the debate about teaching-research nexus relevance
Authors: Hassaniyan Allan
Published: November 2024

This article reflects on debates about research-teaching synergy. There has long been a debate regarding the synergy between research and teaching, but there is no consensus on how this enhances teaching and research at higher education institutions. The article aims to conceptualise the term research-teaching synergy and highlight challenges, arguments, and disputes that dominate the debate. It accomplishes this by reviewing a substantial body of literature covering more than three decades of intellectual debates and studies related to the research-teaching nexus. It also discusses the application and integration of research into teaching in higher education, particularly in university settings, and its impact on improving the learning environment. One of the arguments for the significance of integrating research and teaching/learning focuses on the potential benefits for undergraduate students, instilling hope for the future of higher education. This approach, known as the ‘student-focused strategy,’ can improve the quality and outcomes of students’ learning experiences. The article argues that despite the contentious issues related to the research-teaching nexus, the literature reveals that most academics consider a strong link between research and teaching as a necessary component of their job satisfaction, and there are many reasons to promote this nexus at the institutional and faculty levels.