bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical decision support system for clinical nurses’ decision-making on nurse-to-patient assignment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kwon Hyunjeong , Lee Dayeon
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Optimal nurse-to-patient assignment plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery, with direct implications for patient outcomes and the workloads of nursing staff. However, this process is highly intricate, involving a multitude of factors that must be carefully considered. The application of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) to support nursing decision-making can have a positive impact not only on patient outcomes but also on nursing efficiency. This scoping review aims to explore the implementation of CDSS in the decision process of optimal nurse-patient assignment (NPA).

Methods and analysis

This scoping review will follow a stage of the Arksey and O’Malley framework. It will also be based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews’ (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The research primarily aims to identify studies’ findings on applying CDSSs in the NPA process. Hence, academic and grey literature articles from six international bibliographic databases (ie, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCOhost, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) will be considered, where search strategies will be tailored to each database. The literature search will be conducted in February 2024, and the identified studies will be independently screened by two primary reviewers. After extracting data, the qualitative data will be analysed thematically, and the quantitative data will be subjected to descriptive statistics. The research is scheduled to conclude in December 2024.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Real-world implementation of the National Early Warning Score-2 in an acute respiratory unit
Authors: Gonem Sherif , Lemberger Joseph , Baguneid Abdulla , Briggs Steve , McKeever Tricia M , Shaw Dominick
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The National Early Warning Score-2 (NEWS-2) is used to detect deteriorating patients in hospital settings. We aimed to understand how NEWS-2 functions in the real-life setting of an acute respiratory unit.

Methods

Clinical observations data were extracted for adult patients (age ≥18 years), admitted under the care of respiratory medicine services from July to December 2019, who had at least one recorded task relating to clinical deterioration. The timing and nature of urgent out-of-hours medical reviews (escalations) were extracted through manual review of the case notes.

Results

The data set comprised 765 admission episodes (48.9% women) with a mean (SD) age of 69.3 (14.8). 8971 out of 35 991 out-of-hours observation sets (24.9%) had a NEWS-2 ≥5, and 586 of these (6.5%) led to an escalation. Out of 687 escalations, 101 (14.7%) were associated with observation sets with NEWS-2<5. Rising oxygen requirement and extreme values of individual observations were associated with an increased risk of escalation. 57.6% of escalations resulted in a change in treatment. Inpatient mortality was higher in patients who were escalated at least once, compared with those who were not escalated.

Conclusions

Most observation sets with NEWS-2 scores ≥5 did not lead to a medical escalation in an acute respiratory setting out-of-hours, but more than half of escalations resulted in a change in treatment. Rising oxygen requirement is a key indicator of respiratory patient acuity which appears to influence the decision to request urgent out-of-hours medical reviews.
Peritumoral administration of immunomodulatory antibodies as a triple combination suppresses skin tumor growth without systemic toxicity
Authors: Wright Quentin G , Sinha Debottam , Wells James W , Frazer Ian H , Gonzalez Cruz Jazmina L , Leggatt Graham Robert
Published: January 2024

Background

Skin cancers, particularly keratinocyte cancers, are the most commonly diagnosed tumors. Although surgery is often effective in early-stage disease, skin tumors are not always easily accessible, can reoccur and have the ability to metastasize. More recently, immunotherapies, including intravenously administered checkpoint inhibitors, have been shown to control some skin cancers, but with off-target toxicities when used in combination. Our study investigated whether peritumoral administration of an antibody combination targeting PD-1, 4-1BB (CD137) and VISTA might control skin tumors and lead to circulating antitumor immunity without off-target toxicity.

Methods

The efficacy of combination immunotherapy administered peritumorally or intravenously was tested using transplantable tumor models injected into mouse ears (primary tumors) or subcutaneously in flank skin (secondary tumors). Changes to the tumor microenvironment were tracked using flow cytometry while tumor-specific, CD8 T cells were identified through enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Off-target toxicity of the combination immunotherapy was assessed via serum alanine aminotransferase ELISA and histological analysis of liver sections.

Results

The data showed that local administration of antibody therapy eliminated syngeneic murine tumors transplanted in the ear skin at a lower dose than required intravenously, and without measured hepatic toxicity. Tumor elimination was dependent on CD8 T cells and was associated with an increased percentage of CD8 T cells expressing granzyme B, KLRG1 and Eomes, and a decreased population of CD4 T cells including CD4+FoxP3+cells in the treated tumor microenvironment. Importantly, untreated, distal tumors regressed following antibody treatment of a primary tumor, and immune memory prevented growth of subcutaneous flank tumors administered 50 days after regression of a primary tumor.

Conclusions

Together, these data suggest that peritumoral immunotherapy for skin tumors offers advantages over conventional intravenous delivery, allowing antibody dose sparing, improved safety and inducing long-term systemic memory. Future clinical trials of immunotherapy for primary skin cancer should focus on peritumoral delivery of combinations of immune checkpoint antibodies.
Effects of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents on postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, antibody response, and serological cytokine profile
Authors: New Jacob , Cham Jason , Smith Lana , Puglisi Leah , Huynh Tridu , Kurian Sunil , Bagsic Samantha , Fielding Russel , Hong Lee , Reddy Priya , Eum Ki Suk , Martin Allison , Barrick Bethany , Marsh Christopher , Quigley Michael , Nicholson Laura J , Pandey Amitabh C
Published: January 2024

Background

Despite immunization, patients on antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents have a heightened risk of COVID-19 infection. However, accurately attributing this risk to specific medications remains challenging.

Methods

An observational cohort study from December 11, 2020 to September 22, 2022, within a large healthcare system in San Diego, California, USA was designed to identify medications associated with greatest risk of postimmunization SARS-CoV-2 infection. Adults prescribed WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classified antineoplastic and immunomodulating medications were matched (by age, sex, race, and number of immunizations) with control patients not prescribed these medications yielding a population of 26 724 patients for analysis. From this population, 218 blood samples were collected from an enrolled subset to assess serological response and cytokine profile in relation to immunization.

Results

Prescription of WHO ATC classified antineoplastic and immunomodulatory agents was associated with elevated postimmunization SARS-CoV-2 infection risk (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.63). While multiple immunization doses demonstrated a decreased association with postimmunization SARS-CoV-2 infection risk, antineoplastic and immunomodulatory treated patients with four doses remained at heightened risk (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.43). Risk variation was identified among medication subclasses, with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibiting monoclonal antibodies, calcineurin inhibitors, and CD20 monoclonal antibody inhibitors identified to associate with increased risk of postimmunization SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory treated patients also displayed a reduced IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 epitopes alongside a unique serum cytokine profile.

Conclusions

Antineoplastic and immunomodulating medications associate with an elevated risk of postimmunization SARS-CoV-2 infection in a drug-specific manner. This comprehensive, unbiased analysis of all WHO ATC classified antineoplastic and immunomodulating medications identifies medications associated with greatest risk. These findings are crucial in guiding and refining vaccination strategies for patients prescribed these treatments, ensuring optimized protection for this susceptible population in future COVID-19 variant surges and potentially for other RNA immunization targets.
Endovascular thrombectomy for large ischemic strokes: meta-analysis of six multicenter randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Colasurdo Marco
Published: January 2024

Background

Six randomized controlled trials have concluded their investigations on the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with large infarcts.

To synthesize the results from six trials which met the inclusion criteria (RESCUE-Japan LIMIT, ANGEL-ASPECT, SELECT2, TESLA, TENSION, and LASTE) to provide high-level evidence and guide providers on optimizing EVT treatment decisions for patients presenting with large ischemic strokes seen on initial imaging.

Methods

Study and patient characteristics of the six included trials were collected, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes were tabulated. Generalized odds ratios (OR) of mRS score shift and utility-weighted mRS values were calculated for each study. Random-effects models were used to pool study outcomes.

Results

922 patients received EVT, and 924 received medical management. Most patients had Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) scores of 3 to 5 and intracranial occlusion in the internal carotid artery (ICA) or the first segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1). EVT was significantly superior to medical management in terms of likelihood of better mRS score, functional independence (mRS score 0–2), and independent walking (mRS score 0–3) at 90 days, representing numbers needed to treat of 4.7 (95% CI 3.7 to 6.6), 7.1 (95% CI 5.6 to 9.6), and 10.6 (95% CI 8.2 to 14.8), respectively. EVT was not significantly associated with higher risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (1.7% (95% CI −0.32% to 3.72%), P=0.10). There was significant inter-study heterogeneity in mortality risk, which might have been due to differences in treatment time windows.

Conclusions

This study provides strong evidence that EVT is effective for patients presenting within 6 hours of stroke onset, ASPECT scores of 3 to 5, and intracranial ICA or proximal M1 occlusion. Use of EVT beyond 6 hours or for more distal occlusions requires further investigation.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease using unstructured healthcare data and machine learning
Authors: Román Ivorra Jose A , Trallero-Araguas Ernesto , Lopez Lasanta Maria , Cebrián Laura , Lojo Leticia , López-Muñíz Belén , Fernández-Melon Julia , Núñez Belén , Silva-Fernández Lucia , Veiga Cabello Raúl , Ahijado Pilar , De la Morena Barrio Isabel , Costas Torrijo Nerea , Safont Belén , Ornilla Enrique , Restrepo Juliana , Campo Arantxa , Andreu Jose L , Díez Elvira , López Robles Alejandra , Bollo Elena , Benavent Diego , Vilanova David , Luján Valdés Sara , Castellanos-Moreira Raul
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Real-world data regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its association with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is still scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of RA and ILD in patients with RA (RAILD) in Spain, and to compare clinical characteristics of patients with RA with and without ILD using natural language processing (NLP) on electronic health records (EHR).

Methods

Observational case–control, retrospective and multicentre study based on the secondary use of unstructured clinical data from patients with adult RA and RAILD from nine hospitals between 2014 and 2019. NLP was used to extract unstructured clinical information from EHR and standardise it into a SNOMED-CT terminology. Prevalence of RA and RAILD were calculated, and a descriptive analysis was performed. Characteristics between patients with RAILD and RA patients without ILD (RAnonILD) were compared.

Results

From a source population of 3 176 165 patients and 64 241 683 EHRs, 13 958 patients with RA were identified. Of those, 5.1% patients additionally had ILD (RAILD). The overall age-adjusted prevalence of RA and RAILD were 0.53% and 0.02%, respectively. The most common ILD subtype was usual interstitial pneumonia (29.3%). When comparing RAILD versus RAnonILD patients, RAILD patients were older and had more comorbidities, notably concerning infections (33.6% vs 16.5%, p<0.001), malignancies (15.9% vs 8.5%, p<0.001) and cardiovascular disease (25.8% vs 13.9%, p<0.001) than RAnonILD. RAILD patients also had higher inflammatory burden reflected in more pharmacological prescriptions and higher inflammatory parameters and presented a higher in-hospital mortality with a higher risk of death (HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.81, p<0.001).

Conclusions

We found an estimated age-adjusted prevalence of RA and RAILD by analysing real-world data through NLP. RAILD patients were more vulnerable at the time of inclusion with higher comorbidity and inflammatory burden than RAnonILD, which correlated with higher mortality.
Risk of severe infection associated with immunoglobulin deficiency under rituximab therapy in immune-mediated inflammatory disease
Authors: Rempenault Claire , Lukas Cédric , Tardivon Léa , Daien Claire Immediato , Combe Bernard , Guilpain Philippe , Morel Jacques
Published: January 2024

Objectives

We evaluated the risk of severe infection in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) treated with RTX and with Ig deficiency.

Methods

This was an observational, retrospective single-centre study of patients undergoing treatment with at least one rituximab (RTX) infusion for an IMID until 31 May 2020. Patients were followed up for at least 12 months after the last infusion or until severe infection or death. Ig deficiency was classified as prevalent (before RTX) or acquired (normal Ig assay results before RTX but Ig deficiency during a follow-up).

Results

Of 311 patients, 10.6% had prevalent and 19.6% acquired Ig deficiency. Prevalent Ig deficiency was related to concomitant treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs), in particular with a high daily dose at baseline; and acquired Ig deficiency to cumulative dose of RTX, mean Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), immunosuppressor or GCs therapy at baseline, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Overall, 14.5% of patients had a severe infection during follow-up, which was numerically but not statistically more frequent in patients with prevalent Ig deficiency than normal Ig level. On multivariate analysis, risk of severe infection was associated with chronic pulmonary disease, GCs dose and mean DAS28-C reactive protein. In a time-dependent analysis, risk of severe infection was not associated with Ig deficiency, either acquired or prevalent (adjusted HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.5 to 2.3), p=0.92).

Conclusion

Risk of severe infection was not associated with RTX-induced Ig deficiency in patients with an IMID. RTX management should be discussed according to an individual assessment of the infectious risk, especially in patients with GC therapy or chronic lung disease.
Dynamics of inflammation-associated plasma proteins following faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls: exploratory findings from the FLORA trial
Authors: Kragsnaes Maja Skov , Jensen Jennifer Rugaard Bregndahl , Nilsson Anna Christine , Malik Muhammad Irfan , Munk Heidi Lausten , Pedersen Jens Kristian , Horn Hans Christian , Kruhøffer Mogens , Kristiansen Karsten , Mullish Benjamin H , Marchesi Julian R , Kjeldsen Jens , Röttger Richard , Ellingsen Torkell
Published: January 2024

Objectives

The gut microbiota can mediate both pro and anti-inflammatory responses. In patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we investigated the impact of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), relative to sham transplantation, on 92 inflammation-associated plasma proteins.

Methods

This study relates to the FLORA trial cohort, where 31 patients with moderate-to-high peripheral PsA disease activity, despite at least 3 months of methotrexate treatment, were included in a 26-week, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Participants were allocated to receive either one gastroscopic-guided healthy donor FMT (n=15) or sham (n=16). Patient plasma samples were collected at baseline, week 4, 12 and 26 while samples from 31 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were collected at baseline. Samples were analysed using proximity extension assay technology (Olink Target-96 Inflammation panel).

Results

Levels of 26 proteins differed significantly between PsA and HC pre-FMT (adjusted p<0.05), of which 10 proteins were elevated in PsA: IL-6, CCL20, CCL19, CDCP1, FGF-21, HGF, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-18R1, monocyte chemotactic protein 3, and IL-2. In the FMT group, levels of 12 proteins changed significantly across all timepoints (tumour necrosis factor (TNF), CDCP1, IFN-γ, TWEAK, signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAMF1), CD8A, CD5, Flt3L, CCL25, FGF-23, CD6, caspase-8). Significant differences in protein levels between FMT and sham-treated patients were observed for TNF (p=0.002), IFN-γ (p=0.011), stem cell factor (p=0.024), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (p=0.038), and SLAMF1 (p=0.042). FMT had the largest positive effect on IFN-γ, Axin-1 and CCL25 and the largest negative effect on CCL19 and IL-6.

Conclusions

Patients with active PsA have a distinct immunological plasma protein signature compared with HC pre-FMT. FMT affects several of these disease markers, including sustained elevation of IFN-γ.

Trial registration number

NCT03058900.
Sex differential impact of comorbidities in spondyloarthritis: data from COMOSPA study
Authors: Llop Maria , Gratacós Jordi , Moreno Mireia , Arevalo Salaet Marta , Calvet Joan , Berenguer-Llergo Antoni , Dougados Maxime , Molto Anna , López-Medina Clementina
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To describe and compare the prevalence of comorbidities in female and male patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and to assess whether comorbidities had a different impact on disease outcomes in male and female patients.

Methods

This is a post hoc analysis of the COMOrbidities in SPondyloArthritis study. Differences in comorbidities regarding sex were assessed using logistic regression models. Comorbidities were evaluated for their impact on disease outcomes (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, European health-related quality of life questionnaire) with linear models, which included sex and comorbidity as explanatory variables and their interaction. Age and treatment with biological synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were included as confounders.

Results

We included 3982 patients with SpA (65% male, mean age 43.6 years). Male and female patients with SpA exhibited similar comorbidity profiles, except for a low prevalence of fibromyalgia in males and a higher prevalence of certain cardiovascular risk factors in males (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, renal impairment and ischaemic heart disease). Comorbidities, especially fibromyalgia, correlated with higher disease activity, decreased physical function and reduced health-related quality of life in both sexes. Some comorbidities exhibited sex-specific associations with disease outcomes. Peptic ulcers and high waist circumference had a greater impact on disease activity in females (with a higher impact in BASDAI than in ASDAS). In contrast, osteoporosis had a more pronounced effect on physical function in male patients.

Conclusions

Comorbidities exert distinct influences on disease activity, physical function and health-related quality of life in male and female patients with SpA. Understanding these sex-specific effects is crucial for improving SpA management, emphasising the importance of assessing disease activity using ASDAS when comorbidities are present to mitigate sex-related disparities in disease assessment.
Dielectric properties of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ferroelectric films in an alternating electric field
Authors: Nabiyev A.E. , Huseynov J.I. , Abbasov I.I.
Published: January 2024

Thin films of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 were obtained by high-frequency sputtering on (100)p-Si substrates. Results of studies of frequency and temperature dependences of real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 ferroelectric film on alternating electric current are presented. It has been found that the polarization process has an activation character, the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permeability decrease with increasing frequency, and the decrease rate is much higher at relatively low frequencies than at high frequencies. The relaxation time has been calculated and this crystal has been found to have an electron polarization mechanism due to thermal motion.
Diet composition of three amphisbaenian species (Amphisbaena alba, Amphisbaena pretrei, and Amphisbaena vermicularis) from Northeast Brazil
Authors: Amorim Darciane Maria , Ávila Robson Waldemar , Perez Renata , de Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa
Published: January 2024

Amphisbaenians usually have a diet composed of a wide variety of small arthropods, with some species being more selective in their feeding and others considered more generalist. Using only specimens deposited in scientific collections, the diet composition of Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758, Amphisbaena pretrei Duméril and Bibron, 1839, and Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824 from the Northeast region of Brazil was analyzed. Except for individuals of A. alba, due to the small sample size, we also investigated the possible intersexual difference in the volume, length, and number of prey in the diet of amphisbaenians and the possible relationship between prey volume and body size (snout–vent length) of individuals was analyzed. The diet of worm-lizard in general was composed of termites, cockroaches, ants, and beetle larvae, and no intersexual differences were found in the size, length, and number of consumed prey. The body size of A. pretrei and A. vermicularis showed no relationship with the volume of prey consumed. Amphisbaenians presented a characteristic diet of opportunistic generalist predators, with several food categories in the composition of their diets, indicating that the studied species feed according to the availability and abundance of prey in the environment.
Searching for sbottom LSP at the LHC
Authors: Knees Paulina , Kpatcha Essodjolo , Lara Iñaki , López-Fogliani Daniel E. , Muñoz Carlos
Published: January 2024

Assuming that the sbottom is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), we carry out an analysis of the relevant signals expected at the LHC. The discussion is established in the framework of the $$\mu \nu $$

μ
ν

SSM, where the presence of R-parity violating couplings involving right-handed neutrinos solves simultaneously the $$\mu $$
μ
-problem and the accommodation of neutrino masses and mixing angles. The sbottoms are pair produced at the LHC, decaying to a lepton and a top quark or a neutrino and a bottom quark. The decays can be prompt or displaced, depending on the regions of the parameter space of the model. We focus the analysis on the right sbottom LSP, since the left sbottom is typically heavier than the left stop because of the D-term contribution. We compare the predictions of this scenario with ATLAS and CMS searches for prompt and long-lived particles. To analyze the parameter space we sample the $$\mu \nu $$

μ
ν

SSM for a right sbottom LSP, paying special attention to reproduce the current experimental data on neutrino and Higgs physics, as well as flavor observables. For displaced (prompt) decays, our results translate into lower limits on the mass of the right sbottom LSP of about 1041 GeV (1070 GeV). The largest possible value found for the decay length is about 3.5 mm.
Research Progress on the Antitumor Molecular Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rh2
Authors: Yang Lan , Chen Jenny Jie , Sheng-Xian Teo Brian , Zhang Jiong , Jiang Mingqiang
Published: January 2024

Cancer has evolved into a substantial public health concern as the second-leading cause of mortality globally. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been the two most widely used cancer therapies in recent years; however, both have drawbacks. Therefore, the focus has shifted to the creation of herbal medicines, the extraction of active ingredients, replacement therapy, and the adverse effects of these medications. Ginsenoside Rh2, which is extracted from ginseng, has been identified in many cancer cells. The immune system of the body is strengthened by ginsenoside Rh2, which can also cause the proliferation, death, and differentiation of tumor cells through various pathways. For instance, it inhibits the expression of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and induces cell apoptosis, affects the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Bax, and cooperates with the PD-1 blockade to reactivate T cells to promote an antitumor immune response. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rh2 has the effect of reversing the toxic effect of chemotherapy drugs on normal cells, reducing myocardial damage, and relieving bone marrow function suppression. For clinical applications, it is mainly used as an adjuvant drug for preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and rescue treatment of advanced cancer. This paper summarizes the pharmacological action and mechanism of ginsenosides Rh2 in all kinds of cancer and looks forward to its future development and application.
Shintani descent for standard supercharacters of algebra groups
Authors: André Carlos A. M. , Branco Correia Ana L. , Dias João
Published: January 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite-dimensional nilpotent algebra over a finite field [Formula: see text] with q elements, and let [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, let [Formula: see text] denote the algebraic closure of [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is an algebraic group over [Formula: see text] equipped with an [Formula: see text]-rational structure given by the usual Frobenius map [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] can be regarded as the fixed point subgroup [Formula: see text]. For every [Formula: see text], the nth power [Formula: see text] is also a Frobenius map, and [Formula: see text] identifies with [Formula: see text]. The Frobenius map restricts to a group automorphism [Formula: see text], and hence it acts on the set of irreducible characters of [Formula: see text]. Shintani descent provides a method to compare F-invariant irreducible characters of [Formula: see text] and irreducible characters of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we show that it also provides a uniform way of studying supercharacters of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. These groups form an inductive system with respect to the inclusion maps [Formula: see text] whenever [Formula: see text], and this fact allows us to study all supercharacter theories simultaneously, to establish connections between them, and to relate them to the algebraic group G. Indeed, we show that Shintani descent permits the definition of a certain “superdual algebra” which encodes information about the supercharacters of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text].
Moment methods for kinetic traffic flow and a class of macroscopic traffic models
Authors: Borsche Raul , Klar Axel
Published: January 2024

Starting from a nonlocal version of a classical kinetic traffic model, we derive a class of second-order macroscopic traffic flow models using appropriate moment closure approaches. Under mild assumptions on the closure, we prove that the resulting macroscopic equations fulfill a set of conditions including hyperbolicity, physically reasonable invariant domains and physically reasonable bounds on the speed with which the waves propagate. Finally, numerical results for various situations are presented, illustrating the analytical findings and comparing kinetic and macroscopic solutions.
Time-discrete momentum consensus-based optimization algorithm and its application to Lyapunov function approximation
Authors: Ha Seung-Yeal , Hwang Gyuyoung , Kim Sungyoon
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study a discrete momentum consensus-based optimization (Momentum-CBO) algorithm which corresponds to a second-order generalization of the discrete first-order CBO [S.-Y. Ha, S. Jin and D. Kim, Convergence of a first-order consensus-based global optimization algorithm, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 30 (2020) 2417–2444]. The proposed algorithm can be understood as the modification of ADAM-CBO, replacing the normalization term by unity. For the proposed Momentum-CBO, we provide a sufficient framework which guarantees the convergence of algorithm toward a global minimum of the objective function. Moreover, we present several experimental results showing that Momentum-CBO has an improved success rate of finding the global minimum compared to vanilla-CBO and show the stability of Momentum-CBO under different initialization schemes. We also show that Momentum-CBO can be used as the alternative of ADAM-CBO which does not have a proper convergence analysis. Finally, we give an application of Momentum-CBO for Lyapunov function approximation using symbolic regression techniques.
COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION OF DONKEY HERDERS IN INDIA
Authors: Kapur Inakshi , Tyagi Pallavi
Published: January 2024

The case study highlights a young girl’s journey to realize her dream of becoming a social entrepreneur and working towards creating social impact. Her social enterprise, Organiko-Beautifying Life, was built on the ethos of mobilizing marginalized communities of donkey herders and providing ayurvedic skin care products made from donkey’s milk. Her efforts were met with several challenges as social enterprises work with limited resources, unlike traditional enterprises. They have to balance their mission objectives and money; only the social impact created gives credibility to their enterprise. Thus, an organized and systematic effort is critical for the success of the community mobilization effort.
The equivalence principle as a Noether symmetry
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Ferrara Carmen
Published: January 2024

The equivalence principle is considered in the framework of metric-affine gravity. We show that it naturally emerges as a Noether symmetry starting from a general non-metric theory. In particular, we discuss the Einstein equivalence principle and the strong equivalence principle showing their relations with the non-metricity tensor. Possible violations are also discussed pointing out the role of non-metricity in this debate.
Affinity Diagramming with a Robot
Authors: Law Matthew V. , Nwagwu Nnamdi , Kwatra Amritansh , Lee Seo-Young , Diangelis Daniel M. , Yu Naifang , Gonzalez-Pumariega Gonzalo , Rajesh Amit , Hoffman Guy
Published: January 2024

We investigate what it might look like for a robot to work with a human on a need-finding design task using an affinity diagram. While some recent projects have examined how human–robot teams might explore solutions to design problems, human–robot collaboration in the sensemaking aspects of the design process has not been studied. Designers use affinity diagrams to make sense of unstructured information by clustering paper notes on a work surface. To explore human–robot collaboration on a sensemaking design activity, we developed HIRO, an autonomous robot that constructs affinity diagrams with humans. In a within-user study, 56 participants affinity-diagrammed themes to characterize needs in quotes taken from real-world user data, once alone and once with HIRO. Users spent more time on the task with HIRO than alone, without strong evidence for corresponding effects on cognitive load. In addition, a majority of participants said they preferred to work with HIRO. From post-interaction interviews, we identified eight themes leading to four guidelines for robots that collaborate with humans on sensemaking design tasks: (1) account for the robot’s speed, (2) pursue mutual understanding rather than just correctness, (3) identify opportunities for constructive disagreements, and (4) use other modes of communication in addition to physical materials.
Thiazolidinedione enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in murine melanoma
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Gao Yuan , Tang Keyun , Li Zongyu , Halberstam Alexandra A. , Zhou Liqun , Perry Rachel J.
Published: January 2024

Zhang et al. demonstrate that the diabetes drug rosiglitazone improves the efficacy of immunotherapy in mouse melanoma. This effect is both direct and indirect: TZD directly reduces PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells (i.e., reduces exhaustion), and indirectly reduces exhaustion by lowering insulin levels and increasing local fat. Finally, they demonstrate that hallmarks of TZD action (such as PPARγ expression and subcutaneous fat content) correlate with improved immunotherapy efficacy in humans with melanoma.
Chronic cortisol stimulation enhances hypothalamus-specific enrichment of metabolites in the rainbow trout brain
Authors: Blanco Ayelén M. , Antomagesh Femilarani , Comesaña Sara , Soengas José L. , Vijayan Mathilakath M.
Published: January 2024

Elevated cortisol levels during stress suppress feed intake in animals. We tested whether the feed suppression is associated with cortisol-mediated alteration in hypothalamus metabolism. The brain metabolome revealed a hypothalamus-specific metabolite profile suggesting nutrient excess. Specifically, we noted the enrichment of leucine and citrate in the hypothalamus, and the upregulation of pathways involved in leucine metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. This cortisol-mediated energy substrate repartitioning may modulate the feeding/satiety centers leading to the feeding suppression.
Role of mechanoregulation in mast cell-mediated immune inflammation of the smooth muscle in the pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders
Authors: Goyal Raj K. , Rattan Satish
Published: January 2024

Major esophageal disorders involve obstructive transport of bolus to the stomach, causing symptoms of dysphagia and impaired clearing of the refluxed gastric contents. These may occur due to mechanical constriction of the esophageal lumen or loss of relaxation associated with deglutitive inhibition, as in achalasia-like disorders. Recently, immune inflammation has been identified as an important cause of esophageal strictures and the loss of inhibitory neurotransmission. These disorders are also associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility, whose cause is unknown. This review investigated immune inflammation in the causation of smooth muscle changes in obstructive esophageal bolus transport. Findings suggest that smooth muscle hypertrophy occurs above the obstruction and is due to mechanical stress on the smooth muscles. The mechanostressed smooth muscles release cytokines and other molecules that may recruit and microlocalize mast cells to smooth muscle bundles, so that their products may have a close bidirectional effect on each other. Acting in a paracrine fashion, the inflammatory cytokines induce genetic and epigenetic changes in the smooth muscles, leading to smooth muscle hypercontractility, hypertrophy, and impaired relaxation. These changes may worsen difficulty in the esophageal transport. Immune processes differ in the first phase of obstructive bolus transport, and the second phase of muscle hypertrophy and hypercontractility. Moreover, changes in the type of mechanical stress may change immune response and effect on smooth muscles. Understanding immune signaling in causes of obstructive bolus transport, type of mechanical stress, and associated smooth muscle changes may help pathophysiology-based prevention and targeted treatment of esophageal motility disorders.
Inhibitory tagging both speeds and strengthens saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during visual search
Authors: Conroy Christopher , Nanjappa Rakesh , McPeek Robert M.
Published: January 2024

An important aspect of efficient behavior during difficult, time-limited visual search tasks is the efficient selection of sequential saccade targets. Inhibitory tagging, i.e., a reduction of neural activity associated with previously fixated objects, may help to facilitate such efficient selection by modulating the selection process in the superior colliculus (SC). In this study, we characterized and quantified this modulation and found that, indeed, inhibitory tagging both speeds and strengthens target selection in the SC.
Evaluating Benefits and Risks of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Methyl Mercury from Fish and Seafood Consumption in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Izzah , Sham Noraishah Mohammad
Published: January 2024

The risks and benefits associated with methyl mercury (meHg) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) from seafood consumption were assessed in adults and adolescents from Peninsular Malaysia. Seafood samples were collected for meHg analysis while the consumption survey was conducted among adults and pupils ≥10 years old. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) data were obtained from locally published articles. The estimated weekly intake (EWI), provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs), hazard quotient (HQ), and maximum safe weekly consumption (MSWC) were calculated for each seafood studied. The average range of LC ω-3 PUFA concentration was between 11.7 and 2,210.5 mg/100 g, where 27% of samples contained >500 mg/100 g and were predominant in pelagic fish and mollusks. MeHg concentrations in seafood samples ranged from 0.0426 to 0.4576 mg/kg of wet weight (WW) and showed significant variations between all species at a median concentration of 0.0621 ± 0.0573 mg/kg WW. Total seafood consumed by the adolescents was 84.7 ± 103.7 g/day, with significant marginal differences compared to the adult population at 90.5 ± 100 g/day. Long-tail tuna, yellow-stripe shad, slender shad, and long-tail shad contributed to a higher LC ω-3 PUFA intake than other species. These fish also contributed to a low HQ value level, lowering the risk of health effects. Mangrove red snapper has a low LC ω-3 PUFA content, but the HQ value was the highest of all, and it is advised to consume less frequently. Double the intake of cephalopod and a threefold increase in crustacean consumption would still minimize the meHg risk and may increase the intake of LC ω-3 PUFA.
Relationship between Empowering Leadership and Stress in a French University Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study Combining the Measurement of Perceived Stress and Salivary Cortisol
Authors: Cougot Baptiste , Gillet Nicolas , Moret Leïla , Gauvin Jules , Caillet Pascal , Fleury-Bahi Ghozlane , Lesot Johan , Ollierou Florian , Armant Anne , Peltier Arthur , Fouquereau Evelyne , Getz Isaac , Bach-Ngohou Kalyane , Tripodi Dominique
Published: January 2024

Aim. We investigated the impact of empowering leadership on both perceived stress and salivary cortisol, a commonly utilized biological indicator for stress assessment. Background. Empowering leadership is gaining increasing interest in companies. However, the impact of empowering leadership on stress is still insufficiently explored, with conflicting findings within the literature on this topic. While certain studies indicate that empowering leadership reduces perceived stress, other studies have suggested that empowering leadership could be stressful. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire among a sample of 397 participants working in a French hospital. Participants’ salivary cortisol was assessed. All analyses exploring the relationships between empowering leadership, perceived stress, and salivary cortisol were performed using multiple imputation methods. Results. Empowering leadership could simultaneously increase and decrease perceived stress. Specifically, although the empowering leadership global factor showed a negative correlation with perceived stress, some specific empowering leadership behaviors were positively associated with perceived stress. However, salivary cortisol was positively related to perceived stress and strictly negatively related to empowering leadership. Furthermore, salivary cortisol could be explained by a significant interaction effect between perceived stress and empowering leadership, indicating that empowering leadership enables employees to cope with perceived stress. Conclusions. Although empowering leadership was an ambiguous antecedent of perceived stress, our findings suggested that empowering leadership was a protective factor against increased salivary cortisol. These results suggest that empowering leadership behaviors could prevent biological stress. Implications for Nursing Management. While empowering leadership showed a protective effect on salivary cortisol, it is essential for managers to adopt the full set of empowering leadership practices to guarantee protective effects on perceived stress. This trial is registered with NCT04010773.
Phase I Study of GS-3583, an FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Agonist Fc Fusion Protein, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Tolcher Anthony W. , Brody Joshua D. , Rajakumaraswamy Nishanthan , Kuhne Michelle , Trowe Torsten , Dauki Anees M. , Pai Shantheri , Han Ling , Lin Kai-Wen , Petrarca Michael , Kummar Shivaani
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

GS-3583, an FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) agonist Fc fusion protein, expanded conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in the periphery of healthy volunteers, suggesting potential for GS-3583 to increase cDCs in the tumor microenvironment and promote T cell–mediated antitumor activity in cancer patients. This phase Ib open-label study assessed GS-3583 in adults with advanced solid tumors.

Patients and Methods:

Multiple escalating doses of GS-3583 (standard 3+3 design) were administered intravenously on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1 and day 1 of each subsequent 28-day cycle for up to 52 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was evaluated during the first 28 days of GS-3583 at each dose level.

Results:

Thirteen participants enrolled in four dose-escalation cohorts, after which the study was terminated following safety review. Median (range) age was 71 (44–79), and 7 (54%) participants were male. There were no DLTs. Seven participants had grade ≥3 AEs; 2 participants had grade 5 AEs, including a second primary malignancy (acute myeloid leukemia) considered treatment-related. Dose-dependent increase in GS-3583 serum exposure was observed in the dose range of 2–20 mg with GS-3583 accumulation at higher dose levels. Expansions of cDCs occurred at all four doses with a dose-dependent trend in the durability of the cDC expansion.

Conclusions:

GS-3583 was relatively well tolerated and induced dose-dependent expansion of cDCs in the periphery of patients with advanced solid tumors. However, development of a second primary malignancy provides a cautionary tale for the FLT3 agonist mechanism.

See related commentary by Raeder and Drazer, p. 2857
Supplementary Figure from NKG7 Is a T-cell–Intrinsic Therapeutic Target for Improving Antitumor Cytotoxicity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wen Ti , Barham Whitney , Li Ying , Zhang Henan , Gicobi Joanina K. , Hirdler Jacob B. , Liu Xin , Ham Hyoungjun , Peterson Martinez Kodi E. , Lucien Fabrice , Lavoie Roxane R. , Li Hu , Correia Cristina , Monie Dileep D. , An Zesheng , Harrington Susan M. , Wu Xiaosheng , Guo Ruifeng , Dronca Roxana S. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Yan Yiyi , Markovic Svetomir N. , Park Sean S. , Sun Jie , Qin Hong , Liu Minetta C. , Vasmatzis George , Billadeau Daniel D. , Dong Haidong
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Figure from NKG7 Is a T-cell–Intrinsic Therapeutic Target for Improving Antitumor Cytotoxicity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Supplementary Data from NKG7 Is a T-cell–Intrinsic Therapeutic Target for Improving Antitumor Cytotoxicity and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wen Ti , Barham Whitney , Li Ying , Zhang Henan , Gicobi Joanina K. , Hirdler Jacob B. , Liu Xin , Ham Hyoungjun , Peterson Martinez Kodi E. , Lucien Fabrice , Lavoie Roxane R. , Li Hu , Correia Cristina , Monie Dileep D. , An Zesheng , Harrington Susan M. , Wu Xiaosheng , Guo Ruifeng , Dronca Roxana S. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Yan Yiyi , Markovic Svetomir N. , Park Sean S. , Sun Jie , Qin Hong , Liu Minetta C. , Vasmatzis George , Billadeau Daniel D. , Dong Haidong
Published: January 2024

Supplementary Data from NKG7 Is a T-cell–Intrinsic Therapeutic Target for Improving Antitumor Cytotoxicity and Cancer Immunotherapy
TABLE 1 from A Revised Molecular Model of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 (MUC16) Enabled by Long-read Sequencing
Authors: Wang Chien-Wei , Weaver Simon D. , Boonpattrawong Nicha , Schuster-Little Naviya , Patankar Manish , Whelan Rebecca J.
Published: January 2024

Primer sequences used for RT-PCR
Supplementary Document 3 from A Revised Molecular Model of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 (MUC16) Enabled by Long-read Sequencing
Authors: Wang Chien-Wei , Weaver Simon D. , Boonpattrawong Nicha , Schuster-Little Naviya , Patankar Manish , Whelan Rebecca J.
Published: January 2024

Protein alignment
Complete Remission in a TEMPI Syndrome Treated with a Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone-Based Regimen: A Case Report
Authors: Sansen Pierre-Yves , Montfort Luc , Nanquette Anne , Depaus Julien , Vellemans Hélène
Published: January 2024

Introduction: TEMPI syndrome is a rare and acquired condition which is characterized by five classical features: telangiectasias, erythrocytosis with elevated erythropoietin, monoclonal gammopathy, perinephric fluid collections, and intrapulmonary shunting. The classical treatment is based on bortezomib which can achieve variable responses. Relapse or refractory disease may occur, so other treatment strategies can be proposed. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 54-year-old male followed for a refractory TEMPI syndrome who achieved complete remission after a second-line therapy composed of daratumumab-, lenalidomide-, and dexamethasone-based regimen (DLd). He achieved a complete remission with dramatic improvement of his renal function, restitution of a normal blood oxygen, and disappearance of polycythemia. Conclusion: This case highlights the effectiveness of an association of DLd to treat refractory TEMPI syndrome. We also provide arguments for an association between TEMPI syndrome and monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance.