bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dos acordos globais às ações locais sobre mudanças climáticas: tradução e implementação do Plano e Programa ABC
Authors: Chechi Leticia Andrea
Published: December 2024

A tese analisa como os acordos climáticos globais foram traduzidos pelos atores do setor do agronegócio brasileiro na construção do Plano Setorial de Mitigação e de Adaptação às Mudanças Climáticas para a Consolidação de uma Economia de Baixa Emissão de Carbono na Agricultura (Plano ABC), e como este foi implementado nos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul, por meio do Programa ABC. Para isso foram entrevistados 70 atores vinculados à construção e implementação da referida política pública, e utilizados os referenciais de tradução e implementação de políticas públicas. Em termos de resultados, a tese demonstra que os acordos climáticos globais tiveram influência no contexto brasileiro, que considerando questões institucionais internas, atores envolvidos e suas interpretações, conformaram o processo de tradução da agenda de mudanças climáticas no país. Mudanças incrementais podem ser visualizadas no Brasil, que passa da negação da agenda climática para sua aceitação, defesa e incorporação da mesma em políticas públicas. A construção do Plano ABC envolveu certa “tradução antecipada” das ideias do contexto internacional para o nacional. Interpretada como uma oportunidade de ressignificação da agricultura brasileira, os atores do agronegócio definiram antecipadamente uma estratégia e participaram da COP15 com uma proposta estruturada de política pública para a agricultura de baixa emissão de carbono. Destoando dos processos de transferência unidirecional, o Plano e o Programa ABC resultam de um processo de “tradução de mão dupla” do nível internacional para o nacional, estrategicamente pautado pelo Brasil. Depois de “traduzido” para o contexto nacional, o Plano e o Programa ABC sofreram (re)traduções durante sua implementação, ao alcançar os espaços locais. Se as ideias de redução de emissão de gases de efeito estufa estavam presentes no momento de formulação do Plano e do Programa, as mesmas não encontram correspondência nas interpretações e atuações dos burocratas de nível de rua. Esses interpretam o Programa como “mais uma” linha de crédito, apontando questões formais e burocráticas que desestimulam o acesso a essa política pública. Adicionalmente, as características locais e o poder discricionário dos burocratas de nível de rua, conferem diferenças na implementação do Programa ABC nos estados de Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul. Observa-se, deste modo, um “distanciamento interpretativo” entre as ideias presentes na escala global e suas traduções nas escalas nacional e local.
ISOLATION OF HUMAN ADULT DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS USING ENZYMATIC DIGESTION
Authors: Khan Sehrish , Butt Saima , Usman Shumaila , Mirza Sana
Published: December 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to culture dental pulp stem cells from non- carious, extracted human adult permanent teeth using enzymatic digestionMaterials and Methods: Human adult extracted teeth were collected from the Oral Surgery Department OPD, from the Ziauddin Dental College. Pulp was extirpated via barbed broach and isolated via enzymatic digestion using trypsin. The stem cells were cultured under conditioned media and a growth curve was plotted against the population doubling time. Cell viability was tested and finally the cells were cryopreserved for future use. Data was presented descriptively by graphical representation. Results: The stem cells exhibited spindle shaped morphology similar to mesenchymal stem cells after two weeks of isolation. The cells reached 80% confluency after a total of four weeks after which before they were processed for further assays. The growth characteristics were analyzed by calculation of population doubling time and cell viability. Conclusion: In the study successfully demonstrated the ability to isolate and culture dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from non-carious, extracted human adult permanent teeth using an enzymatic digestion method. The enzymatic digestion method of harvesting stem cell resulted in a stable DPSC cell growth. This method is convenient and a reliable source of stem cells for future personalized medicine research.
Педагогічний консалтинг у формуванні готовності вихователів закладів дошкільної освіти до впровадження освітніх інновацій
Authors: Кравченко Ганна
Published: December 2024

На основі аналізу напрацювань українських та зарубіжних вчених у напрямі ефективності управлінської діяльності керівника закладу дошкільної освіти щодо формування готовності вихователів до впровадження освітніх інновацій, з’ясовано, що наразі  актуальності набуває педагогічний консалтинг. Основною метою педагогічного консалтингу визначено ефективність у забезпеченні  якості управління закладом дошкільної освіти, розвиток професійної компетентності педагогічного колективу організації в цілому та кожного вихователя зокрема. Педагогічний консалтинг виступає ключовим інструментом трансформації професійної компетентності педагогічних працівників закладу дошкільної освіти, створюючи необхідні умови для якісних змін в освітньому середовищі. Він допомагає вихователям подолати страх перед змінами, невпевненість у собі, існуючі професійні стереотипи, створює середовище підтримки, де педагог може вільно експериментувати, аналізувати власний досвід, отримувати конструктивний зворотний зв'язок.
У змісті статті розглянуто можливість становлення вихователя як суб`єкта інноваційної професійної діяльності. Надано два шляхи впровадження нововведень, які суттєво відрізняються один від одного: «зверху –  директивне» та «знизу – ініціативне». Враховуючи це  розкрито класифікацію п`яти варіантів упровадження нововведення в закладі освіти. Встановлено, що готовність вихователів закладів дошкільної освіти до впровадження освітніх інновацій є складним, багатоаспектним феноменом професійної діяльності, що включає такі ключові компоненти, як: мотиваційний, когнітивний, операційний, психологічний та рефлексивний.
Подані результати анкетування вихователів, які дозволили виявити фактори, що зашкоджують та сприяють їх професійному розвитку.
З метою побудови ефективної системи формування готовності вихователів закладів дошкільної освіти до впровадження освітніх інновацій розроблено програму навчального спецкурсу «Впровадження інноваційних технологій в практику роботи ЗДО». Метою навчального спецкурсу є формування знань про сутність педагогічної інноватики,  її структуру та динаміку розвитку, педагогічні технології: ознаки, особливості та класифікацію; ознайомлення педагогів дошкільних закладів освіти з методиками новітніх технологій.
Проблема низького стимулу до навчання та складність у визначенні свого шляху студентами в житті
Authors: Лебідь Ольга
Published: December 2024

Стаття розглядає проблему профорієнтації, схиляється до проблем суспільства в Україні, яке залишилось після радянських часів: ігнорування людяності і базових потреб тих, хто навчається, заглядає у майбутнє дітей, які ще не народились і навпаки в історію, яка змушує з’являтись на світ дітям, що непотрібні власним батькам. Закликає читача піднімати питання, які часто замовчуються: намагається знайти причину того, чого студенти не хочуть навчатись, серед причин може бути невиправдане навантаження, відсутність віри в себе чи неправильний вибір професії. Невиправдане навантаження на студентів і учнів в школі – це неграмотно побудована система освіти, яка не направлена служити громадянському демократичному суспільству. Відсутність віри в себе – причина неправильного виховання, яке повинно відбуватись не лише в школі, але в сім’ї. Неправильний вибір професії - причин у цього декілька, вони висвітлені у статті.
У повоєнну відбудову, коли існує розрив між потребами ринку та напрямком підготовки випускників, невідповідністю між попитом і пропозицією робочої сили в плані кваліфікацій, питання низької мотивації до навчання студентів є актуальним. Якщо в Україні завжди стояла проблема того, що студенти ідуть працювати не згідно отриманого диплому, працюють під час проведення лекцій та семінарів, пропускаючи їх, то в повоєнну відбудову такі процеси вдарять по конкурентоспроможності нашої держави на світовій арені, що загрожуватиме не тільки зникненню громад, а і загрожуватиме зникненням держави з лиця землі, чого і добиваються наші вороги. Маємо таку проблему, як асиміляція українців з європейцями, через втечу від війни та росіянами, через примусове вивезення та окупацію, зниження чисельності населення. Тому ми маємо робити все можливе, щоб освіта забезпечувала країну якісною робочою силою, яка буде працювати в своє задоволення на благо країни, відчуваючи безпеку майбутнього для своїх дітей. Освіта разом з бізнесом повинні працювати на благо економіки України.
Production of traditional yogurt from fresh milk from dairy cows in Kosovar families
Authors: MAXHUNI Prof. Assoc. Dr. Shurki , MAXHUNI MSc. Agro. Ibrahim Sh.
Published: December 2024

Kosovo has very favorable natural conditions for developing livestock production, especially milk production from cows.
According to the Kosovo Agency of Statistics, there are 132,971 heads of cattle in the whole country. Of the cattle, the most important role is played by dairy cows, which represent the main specificity of cattle keeping, due to milk production. The total number of dairy cows in the total number of cattle reaches 51.2%,” says the KAS report, where 92% of farms in Kosovo have 1-5 dairy cows, of which 60% are of the “Mixed” breeds and 35% of the “Noble” breeds, as well as 5% of the Autochthonous Bush breed, while 5.8% are commercial farms.
“Based on data and statistics, Kosovo in 2023 has about 5,200 farmers with over five dairy cows.
Kosovo has a utilized agricultural land area of 416,072.33 hectares (including common land). Of the total utilized agricultural land area, the largest part belongs to: meadows and pastures (including common land) with 52.5%; and arable land, where fields participate with 44.9%.
The Government of the Republic of Kosovo subsidizes 80.00€/year per head of cow, while direct subsidies are 50 cents per liter of fresh milk. Kosovo has 43 companies for processing milk into various products according to market demand.
The production of traditional yogurt from fresh milk of dairy cows in Kosovar families has a long tradition and is passed down from generation to generation, especially in the villages of Kosovo, where approximately 50% of the population lives in villages.
Traditional yogurt production at home is one of the foods that is rarely missing in the refrigerators of an Albanian housewife.
Usually, yogurt production is produced by using previous yogurt for coagulation, as well as in rare cases by using yeast. Although yogurt purchased in various stores can greatly facilitate the preparation of various recipes, it cannot be compared to the value of yogurt prepared at home.
Physico-chemical analyses of fresh and raw milk with full fat for the production of yogurt were carried out at the National Agricultural Institute of Kosovo in Peja, with an average fat percentage of 4.3%.
We have continuously followed the entire process of traditional yogurt production in seven Centers of Kosovo with 10 families each. That is, samples were taken from 70 families three times, that is, 270 analyses were made.
Cost Analysis of Hemodialysis Session: A Comparison Between Activity-Based Costing and Traditional Costing Methods
Authors: Turgut Meryem , Ağırbaş İsmail , Nergizoğlu Gökhan
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study, aims to determine the cost of hemodialysis sessions by using traditional costing and activity-based costing (ABC) methods, to provide a tool for controlling costs and to contribute to the financial planning studies of health managers.
Methods: The research was carried out in the hemodialysis unit of a university hospital in Türkiye. Medical, administrative, financial, and statistical data of the hospital for 2018 were used for the cost data. Hemodialysis cost per session was calculated by analyzing the obtained data both traditional cost analysis and the ABC method.
Results: As a result of the analysis through traditional cost analysis, the unit cost per hemodialysis session was 49.54 dollar, while in the ABC analysis, the cost of hemodialysis sessions was calculated as 41.16 dollar.
Conclusions: As a result of the study detected differences between the hemodialysis costs per session obtained through traditional cost analysis and ABC analysis. The study concludes that the unit cost calculated by the ABC method provides more detailed and more realistic information than the cost calculated with the traditional costing method. Additionally, the cost of a hemodialysis session reached within the scope of the study was determined to be higher than the price of the reimbursement institution. As the cost of a hemodialysis session is higher than the price paid back to the hospital, it is recommended that the hospital develop practices that increase efficiency and that reimbursement prices be increased.
The Effectiveness of the ‘My Hands are Clean Program’ Based on the Health Promotion Model Conducted with Virtual Reality Method
Authors: Yurt Seher , Ozdemir Tugba , Gür Kamer , Çalık Tümerdem Burcu
Published: December 2024

Objective: Hand hygiene is very important as the hand is the organ that contains the most microorganisms. On the other hand, the school environment is an important environment for raising awareness of hand hygiene and acquiring handwashing behavior. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the ‘My Hands are Clean Program’, which is carried out with the virtual reality method based on the health promotion model.
Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test model. The research population is 4th-8th grades in a school. Data were collected by socio-demographic characteristics form, hand hygiene observation form, and decision scale. Measurements were made before the training, after the training, the first follow-up after one month and the second follow-up after two months. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilcoxon Test, Fridman Test, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test, and Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons in further analysis. The “TREND checklist” was used to report it.
Results: The students got the highest score on the hand hygiene observation form at the first follow-up. It was determined that students’ post-test, first follow-up and second follow-up mean scores were significantly higher than the pre-test mean scores. In Gpower Post hoc power analysis, the power of the study was determined to be 99%.
Conslusion: It can be said that the use of technology-based methods in developing handwashing behavior, which will affect lifelong health, is effective for school-age students.
Ecotourism hubs as an articulator of sustainable urban landscape in Morales–San Antonio
Authors: Miguel Mesias Leon Ruiz , Nahún Gil Gonzales , Estaylor Marcelino Vilchez Ramos , Luisa Enith Chafloque Pinedo
Published: December 2024

The San Martín region, located in the Peruvian jungle, presents ecological constraints regarding environmental tourism, encompassing natural and cultural resources. However, unplanned urban growth is degrading the urban landscape, with the town center of San Antonio being the most affected, losing approximately 377 ha. in natural forest. Therefore, this research presents the following question: How do ecological tourism hubs articulate the sustainable urban landscape of the Morales–San Antonio axis? The objectives of this research are to identify centers of ecological tourism, delimit perimeters and geomorphological patterns, interpret the territory and its transition through landscape transformations, and recognize the social tourism dynamics of people in the province. Likewise, this research has a qualitative approach, whose instruments were the observation sheet, open interview, and municipal documents, and the data collection techniques were through satellite images, cartography, photographic records, and design software. The result is evidence of an axis with tourism potential in the city of Tarapoto, which is experiencing very accelerated urban growth and where urbanized ecological places can be seen. Indicators were also identified for tourism centers organized into four groups: buildings with tourism potential, natural remnants, ecological areas, and permanently flooded and/or swampy areas. Finally, it is concluded that the city of Tarapoto has ecological tourism centers and that these are articulated in the sustainable urban landscape of the Morales–San Antonio axis.
Formation mechanism of climate warming-induced landslides in permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering corridor
Authors: Wei Tao , Wang Jiao , Xie Ming , Feng Peihua
Published: December 2024

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has undergone substantial warming, resulting in extensive permafrost degradation and a pronounced increase in landslide frequency. However, the causal link between climate warming and permafrost landslide occurrences remains poorly understood. A comprehensive inventory of permafrost landslides along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) from 2016 to 2022 was compiled through remote sensing and field verification, along with an analysis of landslide triggering factors based on data from 5 weather stations, 4 active layer thickness observation sites, and 3 precipitation stations. From 2000 to 2020, the mean annual air temperature (MAAT) showed an increase of 0.5°C per decade, while precipitation remained relatively stable. A notable peak occurred in 2016, with MAAT and mean annual surface ground temperature rising sharply by 0.59°C and 0.41°C, respectively, from the previous year. In the same year, active layer thickness across observation sites increased by an average of 18.5 cm, exceeding the average thickening rate. This substantial deepening of the active layer suggests that a portion of the underlying permafrost, potentially ice-rich near the permafrost table, thawed during the warm season. Laboratory experiments further reveal a three-stage reduction in soil strength as temperatures approach 0°C, with the most pronounced decline at −1°C. Interpretation of landslide data shows that landslide frequency in 2016 significantly increased, reaching approximately 1.3 times the historical total. This suggests that a thawed interlayer forming at the active layer-permafrost interface plays a dominant role in landslide initiation. The thawed layer acts as a weak zone, enabling the downward movement of the overlying active layer and contributing to slope instability. These findings provide robust evidence linking temperature rise to permafrost-related landslides, offering new insights into the mechanisms of temperature-induced slope instability in high-altitude regions.
Student perception of teacher encouragement of self-regulated learning and its relationship with self-regulation learning strategies
Authors: Šimić Šašić Slavica , Atlaga Maša
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Self-regulated learning significantly impacts academic achievement and learning effectiveness; however, a significant portion of students do not engage in optimal self-regulated learning. Teachers can influence self-regulated learning in various direct and indirect ways, such as teaching students effective learning strategies or structuring the learning environment. Research indicates that teachers moderately encourage self-regulated learning, with direct/explicit teaching methods being underutilized despite their stronger contribution to fostering learning self-regulation. Teachers often overestimate their encouragement of learning self-regulation compared to students’ perceptions. There is a scarcity of research on encouraging self-regulated learning in teaching practices, particularly from the students’ perspective. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine how students perceive teacher encouragement of self-regulated learning and its association with their own self-regulated learning.

Methods

The research was conducted on a sample of 2,154 students who assessed the teacher’s encouragement of self-regulated learning and their own self-regulated learning in a specific subject.

Results

Students perceive that teachers moderately to relatively highly encourage self-regulated learning. Statistically significant moderate correlations were found between students’ assessments of learning self-regulation and the encouragement of self-regulated learning. Girls perceive that teachers encourage self-regulated learning to a greater extent, as do secondary school students compared to primary school ones. Teacher encouragement of self-regulated learning explains from 0 to 32% of the variance in self-regulated learning strategies. Defensive self-regulation strategies (avoiding work, self-handicapping, and focusing on minimal demands) are explained to the least extent, while proactive self-regulation strategies (orientation towards acquisition, elaboration, and goal setting) are explained to a considerably greater degree.

Discussion

The research results suggest that students’ perception of teacher encouragement of self-regulated learning is a significant predictor of learning self-regulation in students. The data obtained in the research contributes to understanding the encouragement of self-regulated learning from the students’ perspective and highlights the importance of students’ assessments of encouragement of self-regulated learning.
Intercultural competence in multimodal reading comprehension: content validation of a didactic proposal for a multicultural classroom
Authors: Mardones Tricia , Sotomayor Carmen , Escobar Diego
Published: December 2024

Globally, school classrooms are becoming more and more multicultural, since migration is a phenomenon that has an impact on a planetary level. In Latin America and the Caribbean, different migration flows have occurred in the last 10 years, as a result of natural disasters, political instability, and the search for optimal wages, among other reasons. The migrant population carries with them their cultural identity, which is reflected in the classroom. In the Chilean case, there are schools with a high percentage of Latin American migrant students, which implies an intercultural pedagogical challenge. In the context of learning reading comprehension, data emerge that place migrant students on the SIMCE Reading test with lower scores than local students. Reading performance may have causes in the access gap as an educational level. However, despite the origins of this inequality, there is an immediate need to intervene didactically in the classroom to enhance reading comprehension in multicultural contexts. The preliminary results of a larger research that had as one of its objectives to design and validate the content of a didactic proposal to enhance multimodal reading comprehension by integrating intercultural competence in school contexts with the integration of migrant students are reported. This study uses the quantitative method with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. Twelve class sessions were designed with their didactic material. Fifteen expert judges validated the proposal. The instrument used was a validation guideline built ad hoc for the research. For the analysis, the agreement of the judges was calculated using the relevance index, Aiken’s V and Lawshe’s content validity ratio. It was possible to obtain a coherent and consistent didactic proposal, which would allow it to be implemented in multicultural school contexts. A didactic proposal is obtained that addresses both the guidelines of intercultural competence and the didactics of language for the understanding of multimodal genres, considering the cultural identity of the students. It is considered that both perspectives in multicultural contexts can be approached at the same time without losing the development of understanding.
Pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in Cushing’s disease and Acromegaly: A clinical perspective and algorithms proposal
Authors: Witek Przemysław , Bolanowski Marek , Krętowski Adam , Głowińska Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Pasireotide is an effective treatment for both Cushing’s disease (CD) and acromegaly due to its ability to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone and growth hormone, and to normalize insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, resulting in tumor shrinkage. However, it may also cause hyperglycemia as a side effect in some patients. The aim of this study was to review previous recommendations regarding the management of pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia in patients with CD and acromegaly and to propose efficient monitoring and treatment algorithms based on recent evidence and current guidelines for type 2 diabetes treatment. In about 25% of patients with CD and 50% of patients with acromegaly, pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia does not require drug therapy or can be managed with diet and oral antidiabetic agents. The risk of pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia is higher in patients with diabetes or prediabetes at baseline. Moreover, pasireotide used in the treatment of CD may lead to more frequent and difficult-to-treat glycemic disorders than those observed in acromegaly. Based on the pathomechanism of hyperglycemia, we suggest using metformin as the first-line therapy, followed by glucagon-like peptide-1 and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, and finally insulin in patients with pasireotide-induced hyperglycemia. We propose algorithms for the management of glucose metabolic disorders caused by pasireotide treatment in patients with CD and acromegaly, including those with chronic kidney disease and at high cardiovascular risk.
Atypical diabetes arising from SHORT syndrome: a case report
Authors: Wang Aili , Xu Miao , Li Li , Li Jialin
Published: December 2024

Short stature, joint hyperextension, ocular hypotension, Rieger abnormalities, and delayed tooth eruption (SHORT) syndrom is a rare primary autosomal dominant genetic disorder mainly caused by pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) gene. We report the case of a Chinese adult female patient with SHORT syndrome, carrying a PIK3R1 gene variant (c.1945C > T), who developed abnormal glucose metabolism and severe postprandial insulin resistance over 9 years. Although there are currently no established treatment guidelines for insulin resistance in patients with SHORT syndrome, we implemented a comprehensive treatment plan, including lifestyle interventions, metformin, and voglibose for glucose control. After 6 months of continuous observation, the patient’s blood glucose levels and insulin resistance improved significantly. This case study provides useful insights for future treatment strategies.
Research on the multi-objective collaboration damping control strategy based on multi-resource
Authors: Zhou Bo , Xu Yunyang , Sun Xinwei , Jiang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

To improve the stability margin of the power grid under unconventional conditions and enhance the fault emergency support capability of AC/DC grids, this paper investigates multi-resource and multi-objective collaboration damping control strategy method based on a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system model, which considers the multiple control impacts. Based on the analysis of system oscillation characteristics, appropriate feedback signals and controller installation locations are selected based on the modal ratio index. to realize the control effect, the HVDC and energy storage devices are used. Finally, the coupled robust controllers based on robust mechanism are designed out. Simulation results in PSCAD software show that, compared to traditional damping controllers, the controller designed is more suitable for system conditions with large perturbations and uncertainties.
Morphological variations and adhesive distribution: a cross-species examination in Colletotrichum conidia
Authors: Bedsole Caleb Oliver , Cowser Mary , Martin Timothy , Hamilton Jillian , Gonzalez Rodriguez Lucia , Chappell Thomas M. , Shaw Brian D.
Published: December 2024

Colletotrichum is a globally significant genus of plant pathogens known for causing anthracnose across a diverse array of hosts. Notably, Colletotrichum graminicola is a pathogen affecting maize. Annually, the global economic impact of this pathogen reaches billions of US dollars. C. graminicola produces conidia that have a characteristic falcate shape and are dispersed by rain. Upon attachment to maize leaves, these conidia develop melanized appressoria to penetrate the leaf surface to initiate disease. Recent findings have emphasized the existence of an adhesive strip on only one side of C. graminicola conidia. This strip colocalizes with an actin array, playing a crucial role in facilitating attachment and germination. This asymmetrical adhesive was postulated to enhance spore dispersal by assuring that some conidia do not attach to their initial deposition site. The extent of this asymmetric adhesive phenotype in other Colletotrichum species remains unknown, raising questions about its conservation within the genus. This study reveals the ubiquitous presence of an asymmetric adhesive on the conidia across nine isolates of Colletotrichum, representing eight species. Morphological differences in conidium shape and adhesive distribution were observed. Significantly, Colletotrichum truncatum is unique from other observed species by exhibiting an adhesive strip on both sides of its conidium. Furthermore, in C. graminicola, we noted a simultaneous development of the actin array and detachment from its mother cell after spore development. We posit that the study of other Colletotrichum members holds promise in elucidating the evolutionary trajectory of this phenotype. Furthermore, these insights may prove instrumental in understanding spore dispersal dynamics across diverse hosts, shedding light on the intricate web of host specificity within the genus.
Prenatal diagnosis of a silver-russell syndrome caused by 11p15 duplication and pedigree analysis
Authors: Hong Shurong , Wei Hua , Zhuang Xueyi , Huang Weirong , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. The pathogenic alterations and phenotypes are heterogeneous.

Methods

Here, we present a rare pedigree of duplications with different methylation patterns in 11p15.5, which caused SRS or a normal phenotype across three generations.

Results

Duplications of maternal IC2 (copy number of 3) with enhanced methylation (methylation index of 0.62) resulted in typical SRS.

Conclusion

The result added to the complexity of the molecular genetics of SRS.
Identification and verification of the optimal feature genes of ferroptosis in thyroid-associated orbitopathy
Authors: Li Xuemei , Xiong Chao , Wang Siyi , Ren Zhangjun , Jin Qi , Yu Jinhai , Chen Yunxiu , Gan Puying , Xu Qihua , Wang Yaohua , Liao Hongfei
Published: December 2024

Background

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbital adipose tissue, primarily causing oxidative stress injury and tissue remodeling in the orbital connective tissue. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), iron metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation. This study aims to identify and validate the optimal feature genes (OFGs) of ferroptosis with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in TAO orbital adipose tissue through bioinformatics analysis and to assess their correlation with disease-related immune cell infiltration.

Methods

Search of the Gene Expression Omnibus database for TAO-related gene datasets led to the selection of GSE58331 for differential gene expression analysis. WGCNA was employed to identify key disease modules and hub genes. The intersection of DEGs, hub genes and ferroptosis-related gene yielded key genes of ferroptosis. Machine learning algorithms identified OFGs of ferroptosis. Meanwhile, by comparing the expression of FRGs in the orbital adipose tissue and the orbital fibroblasts (OFs) of healthy controls and TAO patients, as well as co-culturing macrophages and OFs in vitro, the influence of macrophages on FRGs in OFs was explored. CIBERSORT analyzed immune cell infiltration to determine proportions of immune cell types in each sample, and Spearman correlation analysis explored relationships between OFGs and infiltrating immune cells. Finally, GSEA determined the function of each key biomarker based on the median expression of OFGs.

Results

Three TAO FRGs (ACO1, MMD, and HCAR1) were screened in the dataset. The ROC results of ACO1 showed that the AUC value was greater than 0.8 in all the datasets, which was the strongest for disease specificity and diagnostic ability. Validation results showed that, in addition to MMD, the expression of ACO1 and HCAR1 in orbital adipose tissue of TAO patients was significantly down-regulated, while M2-type macrophages might be involved in regulating the expression of ACO1 in orbital adipose-derived OFs. CIBERSORT immune cell infiltration analysis showed that in orbital adipose tissue of TAO patients, memory B-lymphocytes, T regulatory cells, NK-cells, M0-type macrophages, M1-type macrophages, resting dendritic cells, activated mast cells, and neutrophils infiltration levels were significantly elevated.

Conclusion

Through bioinformatics analysis, this study identified and validated two OFGs of ferroptosis with diagnostic and therapeutic potential in TAO orbital adipose tissue, suggesting that the downregulation of ACO1 and HCAR1 may be potential molecular targets in the pathogenesis of TAO.
Development of a urine-based metabolomics approach for multi-cancer screening and tumor origin prediction
Authors: Xu Xinping , Zeng Chunyan , Qing Bei , He Yun , Song Guodong , Wang Jiaojiao , Yu Shuqi , Zhang Tao , Wei Qingyan , Liu Li , Wen He , Hu Junyuan , Zhang Wei , Li Yan , Chen Youxiang , Xia Zhenkun
Published: December 2024

Background

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. A non-invasive screening solution was required for early diagnosis of cancer. Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests have been considered to address the challenge by simultaneously identifying multiple types of cancer within a single test using minimally invasive blood samples. However, a multi-cancer screening strategy utilizing urine-based metabolomics has not yet been developed.

Methods

We enrolled 911 cancer patients with 548 lung cancer (LC), 177 with gastric cancer (GC), and 186 with colorectal cancer (CRC), alongside 563 individuals with non-cancerous benign diseases and 229 healthy controls (HC) and investigated the metabolic profiles of urine samples. Participants were randomly allocated to discovery and validation cohorts. The discovery cohort was used for identifying multi-cancer and tissue-specific signatures to build the cancer screening and tumor origin prediction models, while the validation cohort was employed for assessing the performance of these models.

Results

We identified and annotated a total of 360 metabolites from the urine samples. Using the LASSO regression algorithm, 18 metabolites were characterized as urinary metabolic biomarkers and exhibited excellent discriminative performance between cancer patients and HC with AUC of 0.96 in the validation cohort. In comparison with the performance of traditional tumor markers CEA, the screening model performed higher sensitivity across the cancer stages, with a particularly increase in sensitivity among early-stage cancer patients. Moreover, the screening model also exhibited in high classification of cancers from non-cancerous group, comprising with HC and benign disease participants. Furthermore, two non-overlapping metabolic panels were selected to differentiate LC from Non-LC and GC from CRC with the AUC values of 0.87 and 0.83 in validation cohorts, respectively. Additionally, the model accurately predicted the origin of three lethal cancers: lung, gastric, and colorectal, with an overall accuracy of 0.75. The AUC values for LC, GC, and CRC were 0.88, 0.88, and 0.80, respectively.

Discussion

Our study demonstrates the potential of urine-based metabolomics for multi-cancer early detection. The approach offers non-invasive cancer screening, promising widespread implementation in population-based programs for early detection and improved outcomes. Further validation and expansion are needed for broader clinical applicability.
Mechanisms of gut homeostasis regulating Th17/Treg cell balance in PMOP
Authors: Qi Peng , Xie Ruixuan , Liu Hao , Zhang Zixuan , Cheng Yuan , Ma Jilong , Wan Kangwei , Xie XingWen
Published: December 2024

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a metabolic bone disease driven by estrogen deficiency, primarily manifesting as reduced bone mass and heightened fracture risk. Its development is intricately linked to the balance between Th17 and Treg cells. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of gut homeostasis in PMOP. The gut microbiota profoundly impacts bone health by modulating the host’s immune system, metabolic pathways, and endocrine functions. In particular, the regulation of Th17 and Treg cell balance by gut homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of PMOP. Th17 cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate osteoclast activity, accelerating bone resorption, while Treg cells counteract this process through anti-inflammatory mechanisms, preserving bone mass. The gut microbiota and its metabolites can influence Th17/Treg equilibrium, thereby modulating bone metabolism. Furthermore, the integrity of the gut barrier is critical for systemic immune stability, and its disruption can lead to immune dysregulation and metabolic imbalances. Thus, targeting gut homeostasis to restore Th17/Treg balance offers a novel therapeutic avenue for the prevention and treatment of PMOP.
Effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Lin Yiran , Lin Bing , Huang Yukun , Yu Zhide , Ma Yonghao , Feng Yuwei , Chen Qiaoyi , Gao Along , Shu Hu
Published: December 2024

Hypoxia is an unfavorable environmental condition that produces diverse negative effects in fish. High-density cultures of Epinephelus coioides are more likely to experience hypoxic conditions than those in natural environments. To assess the effects of hypoxia on E. coioides, we examined the related enzyme activities and gene expression after 48 h of hypoxia and 24 h of dissolved oxygen (DO) recovery. Under hypoxic stress (DO: 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/L), the energy supply mode of fish changed from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism, and the serum glucose content and lactate dehydrogenase activity were significantly upregulated. Total protein, hepatic glycogen, and two key regulatory enzymes (i.e., hexokinase and pyruvate kinase) were differentially expressed in the liver, and mRNA expression of three genes (i.e., LDHA, GLUT1, and MCT2) also showed a high expression trend. In serum, three immune-related enzymes (i.e., alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were found to be involved in regulation by hypoxia and showed different levels of changing patterns. Expression of inflammatory genes (i.e., IL-8, IFNγ, MyD88, and NF-kB) were significantly regulated in liver. With prolongation of hypoxic stress, high expression of apoptotic genes (i.e., p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) was closely related to the degree of apoptosis in the liver. Our investigation of the changes in energy metabolism, immune response, and apoptosis of E. coioides under hypoxia and reoxygenation (DO, 6.0 ± 0.1 mg/L) provides a theoretical bases for healthy aquaculture and selection of varieties with tolerance to hypoxia.
Research progress of gut microbiome and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chu Chenling , Behera Tapas Ranjan , Huang Ying , Qiu Wenhui , Chen Jiayi , Shen Quanquan
Published: December 2024

Diabetic nephropathy is an important complication of diabetic microvascular injury, and it is also an important cause of end-stage renal disease. Its high prevalence and disability rate significantly impacts patients’ quality of life while imposing substantial social and economic burdens. Gut microbiota affects host metabolism, multiple organ functions, and regulates host health throughout the life cycle. With the rapid development of technology, researchers have found that gut microbiota is closely related to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review explores the role of gut microbiome in diabetic nephropathy summarizing proposed mechanisms of progression and focusing on microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, filtration barrier damage and renal fibrosis. This review also examines the mechanism and limitations of current treatments, including drugs, fecal microbiota transplantation, and lifestyle changes, offering new perspectives on prevention and treatment.
Reviewing advancement in Mycoplasma pneumoniae P30 adhesin protein provides insights for future diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zuo Yingying , Zhang Ru , Li Shuihong
Published: December 2024

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, adolescents, and elderly individuals and can lead to pneumonia, intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, and respiratory sequelae. M. pneumoniae must adhere to respiratory epithelial cells of a host for infection. The P1 and P30 proteins, as two adhesin proteins of M. pneumoniae, have attracted extensive attention from many researchers. In this paper, we present the latest research progress on the P30 protein in terms of structure and mutation typing, physiological function, clinical serological diagnosis and vaccine development in a literature review. This study deepens our knowledge on the pathogenesis of M. pneumoniae and is useful for diagnosing and preventing M. pneumoniae infection.
Clinical presentations, electrophysiologic features, and long-term follow-up in Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome: a series of six patients
Authors: Alhammad Reem M. , Alshamlan Yafa , Alneseyan Ruwa , Al-Harbi Talal M. , Alhijab Ali , Alanazy Mohammed H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disorder of the presynaptic neuromuscular junction associated with antibody mediated dysfunction of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). LEMS can exist as a paraneoplastic syndrome, paraneoplastic-LEMS (P-LEMS), when associated with tumors, most commonly, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) or as a non-paraneoplastic condition (NP-LEMS) when no malignancies are detected.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted in 3 tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia for patients diagnosed with LEMS between January 2010 and January 2020. Patients meeting all the following criteria were included: (1) weakness or fatigability of one or more extremity or oculo-bulbar muscles, (2) 60% or higher increment of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes immediately following isometric exercise, and (3) positive serum P/Q type VGCC antibodies. Clinical, laboratory, and electrophysiologic features, as well as radiologic imaging modalities performed for tumor screening were reviewed.

Results

The study included six patients diagnosed with LEMS, split evenly between P-LEMS and NP-LEMS. Fatigability, particularly in the lower extremities, and dyspnea on exertion were commonly reported symptoms. Low CMAP amplitudes were more frequently seen in NP-LEMS as compared to P-LEMS when recorded from both abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles. An incremental response above 60% in post activation CMAPs was detected at similar rates following variable durations of isometric exercise (10, 15, and 20 s). Tumor types detected in 3 patients with P-LEMS are SCLC, breast carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and prostate acinar adenocarcinoma. Triple malignancy was detected in one patient.

Conclusion

This is the first study to describe clinical and electrophysiologic features of LEMS in an Arab ethnic cohort. Early recognition of LEMS has a significant impact on prognosis, especially given the aggressive nature of associated cancers such as SCLC.
The morphophonological dimensions of Spanish gender marking: NP processing in Spanish bilinguals
Authors: Pérez-Leroux Ana T. , Colantoni Laura , Thomas Danielle , Chen Crystal H. Y.
Published: December 2024

The processing literature provides some evidence that heritage Spanish speakers process gender like monolinguals, since gender-marking in definite articles facilitates their lexical access to nouns, albeit these effects may be reduced relative to speakers who learned the language as majority language. However, previous studies rely on slowed-down speech, which leaves open the question of how processing occurs under normal conditions. Using naturalistic speech, our study tests bilingual processing of gender in determiners, and in word-final gender vowels. Participants were 17 adult heritage speakers of Spanish (HSSs) and 21 adult Spanish-speaking immigrants (ASIs). We presented these bilinguals with questions containing either a definite article or an unmarked possessive (¿Dónde está la/mi pala? ‘Where is the/my shovel?’) in a three-object display. Gaze fixations were recorded during determiner, noun and post speech processing. Nouns were controlled for gender, morphological transparency, gender alternation, and animacy. Individually, heritage speakers tend to fall within the performance range of adult immigrants, but statistical analyses show that ASIs have more fixations to targets for definite articles compared to HSSs. For HSSs the advantage of gender-marking appears later, during noun processing. In contexts where the noun-final vowels were the only cue to lexical selection, HSS had less looks to targets with alternating nouns, and with feminine nouns. When presented with natural speech, despite the great overlap between adult immigrant and heritage speakers, there are quantitative differences in how HSS process gender both for syntactic agreement (gender in articles) and noun morphophonology.