bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Trans-vaginal Sono- Elastography in Discrimination of Cervical Neoplasms
Authors: Hedia Asmaa Said Mohamed , Badawy Manal Ezzat , Ali Rania Essam-el-dein Mohamed , El-dorf Ayman Abd Elaziz
Published: April 2022

Background: Trans-vaginal ultrasound is the most widely used imaging method to screen women with cervical cancer and other cervical masses, due to its wide availability, low cost and no radiation.

Aim of the Work: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the role of sono-elastography in differentiating benign from malignant cervical masses. Benign tumours are typically soft, but malignant ones are typically hard.

Patients and Methods: The study was carried out on thirty patients, who referred to Tanta Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, for evaluation of clinically suspected cervical masses, during the period from March 2018 till December 2020. Their age ranged from 37 years to 66 years with a mean age of 49.73 (±7.65 SD) years.

Results: This Prospective study was carried out on thirty patients, who referred to Diagnostic Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, for evaluation of clinically suspected cervical masses. Their age ranged from 37 years to 66 years old with a mean age of 49.73 years (±7.65 SD).

Conclusions: Transvaginal sonographic elastography is a promising diagnostic tool that can be used in combination with conventional sonography to distinguish malignant from benign endometrial lesions. Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be used to enhance elastography's diagnostic performance, and SR has showed excellent diagnostic performance.
Downward Homogenized Crystallization for Inverted Wide‐Bandgap Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with 21% Efficiency and Suppressed Photo‐Induced Halide Segregation
Authors: Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Liang Jianghu , Zhang Zhanfei , Jiang Jinkun , Wang Jianli , Huang Ying , Tian Congcong , Wang Luyao , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun‐Chao
Published: April 2022

Mixed‐halide perovskite has an irreplaceable role as wide‐bandgap absorber in multi‐junction tandem solar cells. However, large open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss due to non‐uniform halide distribution and compromised device stability due to photo‐induced halide segregation has significantly limited the applications. Here, it is introduced 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (ABF) with multifunctional groups (sulfonyl, ammonium, and fluoride) to the mixed‐halide precursor to demonstrate a downward homogenized crystallization strategy for suppressing the initial vertical halide phase separation during perovskite crystallization and reducing Voc loss. Furthermore, fluoride with strong electronegativity effectively fixes anions and cations, while sulfonyl and ammonium are used to passivate positive charged (halide vacancies) and negative charged (FA/MA vacancies) defects, respectively, thereby reducing the generation of ion vacancies that lead to subsequent photo‐induced halide segregation. As a result, the 1.63 and 1.68 eV wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with inverted structures exhibit the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.76% and 20.11% with Voc of 1.18 and 1.21 V, respectively. Most importantly, the optimized devices without encapsulation preserve 86% of initial efficiency after 240 h of continuous illumination under AM 1.5G, showing excellent light stability. Thus, the homogenized crystallization strategy provides highly efficient performance and stability for future tandem solar cell applications.
Design of Double‐Network Click‐Gels for Self‐Contained Underwater Adhesion and Energy‐Wise Applications in Floating Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Shuxue , Li Shuai , Li Na , Wang Chuanfei , Cui Guo , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: April 2022

Facile fabrication of rapid, firm, and reversible underwater adhesion used on different adherets is challenging but is of primary importance for many industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, tough, stretchy, moldable, and semitransparent gels are developed for self‐contained underwater adhesives. The selected structural components, well‐defined double‐network (DN) structures, and one‐pot synthesis realize synergistic adhesion and cohesion engineering, which deliver instant, solid, reversible, and long‐term adhesives with a high underwater adhesion strength of over 0.84 MPa. The underwater adhesion strength is among the best‐performing tape‐type underwater adhesives. In order to develop new energy‐related applications for underwater adhesion, the first example of combining underwater adhesion with solar power applications is demonstrated. Taking the benefits of the direct‐contact design at the air/water interface, the click‐gel‐mounted floating photovoltaic (FPV) system significantly increases the power conversion efficiency by 20% due to the enhanced active cooling effects, surpassing several conventional photovoltaic technologies on both land and water. The click‐gel also rapidly responds to several oscillatory motions on the FPV platform. This study shines a light on the facile fabrication of DN click‐gels for underwater adhesives and provides their future perspectives in energy‐wise, low‐maintenance, and stimuli‐responsive applications.
Two‐Photon Excited Near‐Infrared Phosphorescence Based on Secondary Supramolecular Confinement
Authors: Ma Xin‐Kun , Zhou Xiaolu , Wu Jing , Shen Fang‐Fang , Liu Yu
Published: April 2022

Organic phosphorescence materials have received wide attention in bioimaging for bio‐low toxicity and large Stokes. Herein, a design strategy to achieve near‐infrared (NIR) excitation and emission of organic room‐temperature phosphorescence through two‐stage confinement supramolecular assembly is presented. Via supramolecular macrocyclic confinement, the host–guest complexes exhibit phosphorescence with two‐photon absorption (excitation wavelength up to 890 nm) and NIR emission (emission wavelength up to 800 nm) in aqueous solution, and further nano‐confinement assembly significantly strengthens phosphorescence. Moreover, the nano‐assemblies possess color‐tunable luminescence spanning from the visible to NIR regions under different excitation wavelengths. Intriguingly, the prepared water‐soluble assemblies maintain two‐photon absorption and multicolor luminescence in cells or vivo.
SelectfluorTM‐Mediated Tandem Fluorination and 1,3‐Carbonyl Migration in ortho‐Carbonyl Anilines: Charge‐Transfer‐Enabled ortho‐Selectivity
Authors: Garia Alankrita , Kumar Sharvan , Jain Nidhi
Published: April 2022

An unprecedented tandem ortho‐selective fluorination and 1,3‐carbonyl migration in ortho‐carbonyl anilines using selectfluorTM as the sole reagent is reported. The reaction is transition‐metal free, does not require any pre‐functionalization, takes place under ambient conditions, and yields ortho‐fluoroanilide derivatives in moderate to good yields. SelectfluorTM serves the dual purpose of fluorine source and assists 1,3‐carbonyl migration. The formation of proposed charge transfer (CT) complex between ortho‐carbonyl aniline (donor) and selectfluorTM (acceptor), and its role in enabling the observed ortho‐selectivity is supported by experimental and computational investigations. The single‐electron‐transfer (SET) in the complex results in the formation of (2‐amino‐3‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)methanone intermediate, which on subsequent 1,3‐carbonyl migration forms ortho‐fluoroanilide in presence of F+ or in‐situ generated H+.
Theory‐Guided Regulation of FeN4Spin State by Neighboring Cu Atoms for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Flexible Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: He Ting , Chen Yang , Liu Qiming , Lu Bingzhang , Song Xianwen , Liu Hongtao , Liu Min , Liu You‐Nian , Zhang Yi , Ouyang Xiaoping , Chen Shaowei
Published: April 2022

Iron, nitrogen‐codoped carbon (Fe−N−C) nanocomposites have emerged as viable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to the formation of FeNxCycoordination moieties. In this study, results from first‐principles calculations show a nearly linear correlation of the energy barriers of key reaction steps with the Fe magnetic moment. Experimentally, when single Cu sites are incorporated into Fe−N−C aerogels (denoted as NCAG/Fe−Cu), the Fe centers exhibit a reduced magnetic moment and markedly enhanced ORR activity within a wide pH range of 0–14. With the NCAG/Fe−Cu nanocomposites used as the cathode catalyst in a neutral/quasi‐solid aluminum–air and alkaline/quasi‐solid zinc–air battery, both achieve a remarkable performance with an ultrahigh open‐circuit voltage of 2.00 and 1.51 V, large power density of 130 and 186 mW cm−2, and good mechanical flexibility, all markedly better than those with commercial Pt/C or Pt/C‐RuO2catalysts at the cathode.
Doubling the Length of the Longest Pyrene‐Pyrazinoquinoxaline Molecular Nanoribbons
Authors: Hernández‐Culebras Félix , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: April 2022

Molecular nanoribbons are a class of atomically‐precise nanomaterials for a broad range of applications. An iterative approach that allows doubling the length of the longest pyrene‐pyrazinoquinoxaline molecular nanoribbons is described. The largest nanoribbon obtained through this approach—with a 60 linearly‐fused ring backbone (14.9 nm) and a 324‐atoms core (C276N48)—shows an extremely high molar absorptivity (values up to 1 198 074 M−1 cm−1) that also endows it with a high molar fluorescence brightness (8700 M−1 cm−1).
Anomalous Redox Features Induced by Strong Covalency in Layered NaTi1−yVyS2 Cathodes for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Tian , Huang Tao‐Qing , Li Xun‐Lu , Ma Lu , Wang Yu‐Ke , Qiao Yan , Gao Shang‐Peng , Shadike Zulipiya , Fu Zheng‐Wen
Published: April 2022

The rising demand for energy density of cathodes means the need to raise the voltage or capacity of cathodes. Transition metal (TM) doping has been employed to enhance the electrochemical properties in multiple aspects. The redox voltage of doped cathodes usually falls in between the voltage of undoped layered cathodes. However, we found anomalous redox features in NaTi1−yVyS2. The first discharge platform potential (2.4 V) is significantly higher than that of undoped NaTiS2 and NaVS2 (both around 2.2 V), and the energy density is raised by 15 %. We speculate that the anomalous voltage is mainly attributed to the strong hybridization in the Ti−V−S system. Ti3+ and V3+ undergo charge transfer and form a more stable Ti (t2g0eg0) and V (t2g3eg0) electronic configuration. Our results indicate that higher voltage of cathode materials could be achieved by strong TM‐ligand covalency, and this conclusion provides possible opportunities to explore high voltage materials for future layered cathodes.
Conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Junzhong , Sun Hui , Zhang Weili , Hong Zhigang , Lu Zhenhai , Pan Zhizhong , Hou Zhenlin , Peng Jianhong
Published: April 2022

Background

The number of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLMs) is usually considered a contradictory indicator to surgical resection. However, some patients with initially unresectable CRLMs can receive radical local treatment after conversion therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of radical local treatment after conversion therapy and the prognosis of patients with more than 10 initially unresectable CRLMs.

Methods

Data for a total of 229 patients with initially unresectable CRLMs were retrospectively reviewed between December 2012 and January 2020. Among these patients, 107 had ≥10 CRLMs, and 122 had <10 CRLMs. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were used to reflect the prognosis of different groups of patients. Conversion therapy was defined as an initially unresectable liver metastasis converted into an R0 resectable lesion after systemic chemotherapy. Radical local treatment included hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Results

Patients with ≥10 CRLMs had a lower conversion rate (42.7% vs. 56.6%, p = 0.001). Baseline clinical N stage 1–2, ≥8 first‐line chemotherapy courses, and stable disease (SD) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were independent factors predictive of conversion failure. Primary tumour location in the right colon, RECIST response of SD, and the absence of targeted therapy were independent factors predictive of unfavourable OS. The survival curves revealed that the OS of patients with or without conversion could be distinguished only among patients with <10 CRLMs (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5%–98.0%] vs. 58.9% [95% CI, 45.2%–76.7%], p < 0.001); this cut‐off point could also distinguish patients with a successful conversion outcome according to OS (89.9% [95% CI, 82.5–98.0%] vs. 58.2% [95% CI, 42.2–80.4%], p = 0.008).

Conclusion

For CRLMs ≥ 10, patients with a successful conversion outcome cannot be distinguished from those without successful conversion outcome according to OS. Thus, conversion therapy with the intent to perform radical local treatment may not be suitable for patients with 10 or more liver metastases from colorectal cancer.
Antibody‐Recruitment as a Therapeutic Strategy: A Brief History and Recent Advances
Authors: Charles Winter Z. , Faries Cierra R. , Street Ya'hnis T. , Flowers Lyrik S. , McNaughton Brian R.
Published: April 2022

Antibodies are a significant and growing sector within the global pharmaceutical industry. The popularity of antibodies as therapeutics derives from – at least in part – evolvable affinity for virtually any disease‐relevant cell surface receptor, as well as unique immunotherapeutic mechanisms of action, including neutralization, antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). While advances in the large‐scale expression and purification of therapeutic antibodies have been made, these remain costly and laborious tasks. Agents that redirect endogenous antibodies to target a pathogen or malignant cell obviate the need for new antibody discovery and production. Chimeric antibody‐recruiting technologies consist of a target cell surface receptor binding domain, and an endogenous antibody‐binding domain. By design, these agents bring endogenous antibodies to the surface of a target pathogen or diseased cell, which can result in targeted cytotoxicity by antibody‐dependent mechanisms. This review highlights seminal contributions and recent advances in this growing and important therapeutic field.
Case of concurrent factor VII and factor XI deficiencies manifesting as spontaneous lower extremity compartment syndrome
Authors: Marshalek Joseph P. , Yashar David , Huynh Karen , Tomassetti Sarah
Published: April 2022

Factor VII and XI deficiencies are rare bleeding disorders typically associated with mild or provoked bleeding. This case report describes a patient with factor VII and XI deficiencies with an unprovoked episode of lower extremity hematoma causing compartment syndrome requiring multiple surgeries, extensive transfusion of blood products, and ultimately amputation.
Challenges for parents of color in children's STEM career aspiration
Authors: Oh Seungbin , Shillingford‐Butler Ann , Plocha Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

A wide range of resources have been utilized to promote interest and motivation of students of color in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) professions. Parents have a critical role in supporting their children's career interest and development; however, little literature exists on the unique experiences and challenges faced by parents of color who are involved in their children's career exploration in STEM professions. This phenomenological qualitative study examined the experiences of parents of color regarding their (a) knowledge and beliefs about STEM professions, (b) unique challenges in supporting their children's STEM career interest, and (c) experiences with school counselors in promoting their children's STEM career trajectory. Five resulting themes are discussed, and implications are provided for school counselors.
The Career Development Quarterly: Author and article characteristics from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Gonsalves Gala , Menzies Alyson , Erford Bradley T. , Zhou Yi , Crockett Stephanie A. , Byrd Rebekah
Published: April 2022

Author and article characteristics in CDQ articles from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed for trends over time with a special focus on the past 5 years and upon research articles. At this time (2015–2019), nearly 60% of CDQ authors are women, and only 5% of authors are not affiliated with a university. Nearly a fourth of all lead authors reside outside of the United States. From 2015 to 2019, nearly 85% of all CDQ articles published were research articles, and qualitative studies increased significantly. Nearly all other methodological, participant, sample, and statistical characteristics were stable over time. Report of effect sizes and study validity trended toward increases over time, while 81% of research studies reported relevant study reliability results.
Enzymatic Biosensors with Electrochemiluminescence Transduction
Authors: Rahmawati Isnaini , Einaga Yasuaki , Ivandini Tribidasari A. , Fiorani Andrea
Published: April 2022

Sensors rely on a plurality of transduction methods, and among the available selections, electrochemical techniques offer the peculiar advantage of an easy interfacing between biological recognition elements and electronic signal transduction processes. Furthermore, electrochemical devices are qualified for decentralized point‐of‐care testing as they can be easily downsized and made at low cost for a wide range of potential applications, for example biomedical or environmental. Electrochemical methods of transduction differ for the technique used, as it can be voltammetry, chronoamperometry, impedance spectroscopy, or electrochemiluminescence. The latter is peculiar among electrochemical techniques since in electrochemiluminescence the analytical signal is light emission, and this offers several advantages, mainly related to background suppression and detection limit, combined with fast measurement. This review introduces the principles of enzyme biosensors coupled with electrochemiluminescence transduction, summarises the research, and finally highlights the strategies to take full advantage of this detection method.
Vitamin D concentrations and breast cancer incidence among Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women
Authors: O’Brien Katie M. , Harmon Quaker E. , Jackson Chandra L. , Diaz‐Santana Mary V. , Taylor Jack A. , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P.
Published: April 2022

Background

Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer. Although Black/African American women and Hispanic/Latina women have lower circulating vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have examined the association between vitamin D and breast cancer within these racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

The vitamin D–breast cancer association was evaluated using a case‐cohort sample of self‐identified Black/African American and non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women participating in the US‐wide Sister Study cohort. Circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in blood samples collected at the baseline from 415 women (290 Black/African American women and 125 non‐Black Hispanic/Latina women) who developed breast cancer. These were compared to concentrations in 1545 women (1084 Black/African American women and 461 Hispanic/Latina women) randomly selected from the cohort. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Over a mean follow‐up of 9.2 years, women with circulating 25(OH)D concentrations above the clinical cut point for deficiency (20.0 ng/mL) had lower breast cancer rates than women with concentrations ≤ 20 ng/mL (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.02). The inverse association was strongest among Hispanic/Latina women (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29‐0.93), with a weaker association observed among Black/African American women (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68‐1.18; P for heterogeneity = 0.13). There were no clear differences by menopausal status, follow‐up time, estrogen receptor status, or invasiveness. Neither 24,25(OH)2D nor the 24,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D ratio were independently associated with breast cancer risk.

Conclusions

This prospective study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D may be protective against breast cancer incidence in women, including non‐Black Hispanic/Latina and Black/African American women.

LAY SUMMARY

Vitamin D may protect against breast cancer.

Although women of color have lower average vitamin D levels than non‐Hispanic White women, few studies have considered the role of race/ethnicity.

In a sample of self‐identified Black/African American and Hispanic/Latina women, we observed that vitamin D concentrations measured in blood were inversely associated with breast cancer, particularly among Latinas.

These findings indicate that vitamin D may protect women against breast cancer, including those in racial/ethnic groups with low average circulating levels.
Beneficial Arthropods in the Cotton Belt: Predators
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: April 2022

This article is the second in a three‐part series on beneficial arthropods. It will focus on the predator category of beneficial insects in cotton cropping systems. This article is based upon expertise from Auburn University, Louisiana State University, Texas A&M, and the Universities of Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Tennessee. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Maternal immune activation accelerates puberty initiation and alters mechanical allodynia in male and female C57BL6/J mice
Authors: Zhao Xin , Erickson Mary , Mohammed Ruqayah , Kentner Amanda C.
Published: April 2022

The mechanisms that link maternal immune activation (MIA) with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders remain largely unclear. Accelerated puberty is also associated with a heightened risk for psychopathology in later life, but there is a dearth of evidence on the impacts of maternal infection on pubertal timing. We examined the effects of MIA on reproductive development, mechanical allodynia, and sensorimotor gating in juvenile, adolescent, and adult male and female mice. Moreover, we investigated hypothalamic neural markers associated with the reproductive and stress axes. Finally, we tested the mitigating effects of environmental enrichment (EE), which has clinical relevancy in human rehabilitation settings. Our results show that administration of polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) on gestational day 12.5 led to early preputial separation, vaginal openings, and age of first estrus in offspring. MIA exposure altered pain sensitivity across development and modestly altered prepulse inhibition. The downregulation of Nr3c1 and Oprk mRNA in the hypothalamus of juvenile mice suggests that MIA's effects may be mediated through disruption of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. In contrast, life‐long housing with EE rescued many of these MIA‐induced consequences. Overall, our findings suggest that accelerated puberty may be associated with the deleterious effects of infection during pregnancy and the onset of psychopathology.
Phyllachora species infecting maize and other grass species in the Americas represents a complex of closely related species
Authors: Broders Kirk , Iriarte‐Broders Gloria , Bergstrom Gary C. , Byamukama Emmanuel , Chilvers Martin , Cruz Christian , Dalla‐Lana Felipe , Duray Zachary , Malvick Dean , Mueller Daren , Paul Pierce , Plewa Diane , Raid Richard , Robertson Alison E. , Salgado‐Salazar Catalina , Smith Damon , Telenko Darcy , VanEtten Katherine , Kleczewski Nathan M.
Published: April 2022

The genus Phyllachora contains numerous obligate fungal parasites that produce raised, melanized structures called stromata on their plant hosts referred to as tar spot. Members of this genus are known to infect many grass species but generally do not cause significant damage or defoliation, with the exception of P. maydis which has emerged as an important pathogen of maize throughout the Americas, but the origin of this pathogen remains unknown. To date, species designations for Phyllachora have been based on host associations and morphology, and most species are assumed to be host specific. We assessed the sequence diversity of 186 single stroma isolates collected from 16 hosts representing 15 countries. Samples included both herbarium and contemporary strains that covered a temporal range from 1905 to 2019. These 186 isolates were grouped into five distinct species with strong bootstrap support. We found three closely related, but genetically distinct groups of Phyllachora are capable of infecting maize in the United States, we refer to these as the P. maydis species complex. Based on herbarium specimens, we hypothesize that these three groups in the P. maydis species complex originated from Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. Although two of these groups were only found on maize, the third and largest group contained contemporary strains found on maize and other grass hosts, as well as herbarium specimens from maize and other grasses that include 10 species of Phyllachora. The herbarium specimens were previously identified based on morphology and host association. This work represents the first attempt at molecular characterization of Phyllachora species infecting grass hosts and indicates some Phyllachora species can infect a broad range of host species and there may be significant synonymy in the Phyllachora genus.
Finding love in a hopeless place: A global database of misdirected amplexus in anurans
Authors: Serrano Filipe C. , Díaz‐Ricaurte Juan C. , Martins Marcio
Published: April 2022

Amphibians are one of the most species‐rich vertebrate taxa, with diverse and complex reproductive behaviors. Even though mate recognition plays a vital role in reproductive success, unusual amplexus with non‐suitable mates (misdirected amplexus) have been reported to occur in the wild. Misdirected amplexus may decrease fitness, thus likely having ecological and evolutionary consequences and their frequency might increase with human‐induced changes in habitat. However, it is still unclear what promotes this unusual behavior and how widespread it is at spatial and phylogenetic scales. To fill this gap, we compiled a global database of misdirected amplexus events from literature and personal observations, with detailed information on environmental, geographical, and behavioral aspects of reported events. Furthermore, we discuss its spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic patterns. We provide a data set of 378 misdirected amplexus events for 156 amplectant species distributed across 69 genera and 18 families distributed in 52 countries in all continents except Antarctica. We collected data published or collected during the last 100 years, from 1920 to 2020, with information on the hour, month, and year of the misdirected amplexus events. We recorded a total of 282 interspecific amplexus, 46 necrophiliac amplexus, and 50 amplexus with objects or non‐amphibian species, with the United States and Brazil being the countries with the highest number of records. Misdirected amplexus did not occur equally in all zoogeographical realms, with most events occurring in the Neotropical and Nearctic realms. Interspecific amplexus was especially represented in the Neotropical and Mediterranean regions. Most events involved three species‐rich globally distributed families (Bufonidae, Ranidae, and Hylidae) but misdirected amplexus was widespread in the phylogeny. We provide a comprehensive data set of misdirected amplexus for anurans, with our results showing that it occurs extensively in the wild and across the globe. This data set provides a baseline for understanding misdirected amplexus and their spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic patterns. Likewise, this data set offers a baseline to test the environmental, ecological, and ethological drivers behind this reproductive behavior and we encourage researchers to report detailed observations of misdirected amplexus to better understand this process and its potential costs at the individual and population levels. The data are not copyright restricted; this data paper should be cited when data are used for publication, and the authors would appreciate being notified of research projects or teaching purposes when these data are used.
Synthesis and Metallation of Unsymmetric Tetrakisimidazolium Macrocycles
Authors: Rupp Stefan , Dutschke Patrick D. , Kinas Jenny , Hepp Alexander , Ekkehardt Hahn F.
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of the unsymmetric macrocyclic tetrakismidazolium salts H4‐4(PF6)4and H4‐5(PF6)4featuring a 2,6‐pyridinylene‐ and a 2‐bromo‐1,3‐xylylene‐bridged bisimidazolium unit is described. Reaction of macrocycle H4‐4(PF6)4with Ag2O yields the tetranuclear complex [6](PF6)4composed of four AgIions sandwiched in between two tetra‐NHC ligands. The 2,6‐pyridinylene‐bridged bisimidazolium moiety of the macrocycles can be site‐selectively deprotonated and metallated with RuIIor RhIto give the pincer complexes [8](PF6)3‐[11](PF6)3. Introduction of a second metal in these complexes by deprotonation/metallation and oxidative addition to the 2‐bromo‐1,3‐xylylene‐bridged bisimidazolium moiety of the macrocycles proved not possible.
Shear performance evaluation of PHC piles under different levels of axial load ratio
Authors: Oktiovan Yopi Prabowo , Otaki Taiga , Obara Taku , Kono Susumu , Asai Yoichi , Kobayashi Katsumi , Watanabe Hidekazu , Mukai David
Published: April 2022

Precast prestressed high‐strength spun concrete (PHC) piles are one of the common types of piles used in Japan due to its high bearing capacity. These piles have been utilized as an industrial standard since the 1970s as part of earthquake‐resilient foundation systems. The focus of this research is to examine the shear performance of PHC piles subjected to large earthquake loads. Three hollow‐section PHC pile specimens were tested under constant compressive or tensile axial load along with quasi‐static antisymmetric lateral load. An investigation using finite element analysis was carried out to reproduce the damage that occurred during the experiment. Comparison between experimental and analytical results were presented in terms of global and local behaviors of the piles. The finite element models were able to simulate axial splitting cracks that occurred for specimens under axial compression load. In addition, a parametric study was conducted to observe the influence of axial load ratio and shear span to diameter ratio on the shear capacity and failure mode of PHC piles. The study results along with the results from a PHC pile database are compared to the shear design equation proposed in the guidelines for PHC piles from the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ).
Bi‐level optimization of the integrated energy systems in the deregulated energy markets considering the prediction of uncertain parameters and price‐based demand response program
Authors: Toolabi Moghadam Ali , Soheyli Farideh , Sanei Sareh , Akbari Ehsan , Khorramdel Hossein , Ghadamyari Mojtaba
Published: April 2022

The proliferation of multienergy systems (MESs) in recent years has led to the higher efficiency of energy consumption in different sectors. MESs are generally studied in the context of energy hubs (EHs). Most of the previous works in the field of EH operation and scheduling are at the scale of residential households or communities. There is a research gap in proposing a framework in which the EH actively interacts with different energy networks. This article, however, is focused on the optimal operation and scheduling of the EH and two integrated energy grids such as power and heat distribution systems. The EH consists of combined heat and power (CHP), electric heat pump (EHP), thermal and electric energy storage systems, which are operated by an independent entity. The proposed optimization problem is based on the bi‐level optimization method in which the EH is the leader and two networks are the followers. Nonlinear variables are also linearized using binary expansion and Big M methods. As another research novelty, uncertainties of load demand and photovoltaic (PV) systems' output power are taken into account using a mixed machine learning (ML)‐based forecasting method. To enhance the flexibility of the system, a price‐based demand response (DR) program is proposed based on the predicted load pattern of the mixed ML method. Simulation results show the efficiency of the optimization model. Also, the DR program has a significant impact on the system's cost by 40% improvement in the profit of the system.
Review on low carbon planning and operation of integrated energy systems
Authors: Sun Dun , Liu Zeyuan , Shao Jiahao , Lin Ziqian
Published: April 2022

The integrated energy system is an important prerequisite for the sustainable transformation to the low‐carbon power system. Therefore, this paper aims to provide readers with insights into the existing research about the planning and operation models of integrated energy systems. First, the general structure of integrated energy systems is elaborated, and the new issues faced by the low‐carbon planning and operation for the integrated energy systems are represented. Next, the technical framework and the general model are proposed. Furthermore, the typical models and solution technologies of the low‐carbon planning and operation are summarized based on specific models operating in multiple scenarios. Finally, based on the characteristics and framework of the integrated energy system, the future research direction is given, which is expected to guide the sustainable development and low‐carbon transformation of energy systems.
Investigation of ammonium polyphosphate dilution with ground eggshells and lignin through the study of natural fibre composite flammability
Authors: Basnayake Asanka P. , Hidalgo Juan P. , Villacorta Byron , Dunn Kameron G. , Heitzmann Michael T.
Published: April 2022

The interactions of Calcium carbonate (e.g., eggshell powder) and Lignin with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) when used as fire retardants were investigated. Three mixing ratios ‐ 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, were used with natural fibre reinforced composites containing a hemp mat and an epoxy matrix manufactured using a light resin transfer moulding (L‐RTM) process. The thermal decomposition of the retardant mixtures and composites was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings showed that even though the decomposition reactions of APP with eggshell powder and lignin mixtures interacted and overlapped, the same interactions could not be seen in the composites. In the composite form while the residue was affected by the retardant, the decomposition reactions were driven primarily by the hemp and epoxy. Flammability of the composites was studied by testing to 20, 35, 50, and 75 kW/m2 with a cone calorimeter, and determining the critical heat flux. While the samples with eggshell powder had higher ignition times, the critical heat flux for ignition was 13 kW/m2 for all sample groups except for a ratio of 1:3 APP to eggshell powder, which was 14 kW/m2. The lowest burning rates (mass loss and heat release) occurred in composites containing only APP, however, the addition of eggshell powder or lignin at even a ratio of 3:1 APP to either provided a notable reduction.
RoCliB– bias‐corrected CORDEX RCMdataset over Romania
Authors: Dumitrescu Alexandru , Amihaesei Vlad‐Alexandru , Cheval Sorin
Published: April 2022

Four climate parameters (i.e. maximum, mean and minimum air temperature and precipitation amount) from 10 regional climate models, provided by the EURO‐CORDEX initiative, are adjusted using as reference the ROCADA gridded dataset. The adjustment was performed on a daily temporal resolution for the historical period (1971–2005), as well as for climate change scenarios based on two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The most accurately method for bias‐correction (BC) was selected following a 2‐fold cross‐validation approach, which was performed on historical data using two methods: Quantile Mapping (QMAP) and Multivariate Bias Correction with N‐dimensional probability (MBCn). The performances of the two methods are very similar when analysing the frequency distribution of each selected variable, whereas the comparison between (1) the intervariables correlation of the adjusted datasets, and (2) the reference dataset revealed much smaller differences for the dataset adjusted with the multivariate method, hence this was used for producing the BC scenario dataset. Based on the MBCn adjusted dataset, a climate change analysis over Romania was tested at the seasonal and annual scale. Overall, for the multimodel ensemble mean, at the country level, a substantial temperature increase is reported for both scenarios and no significant trend is revealed for precipitation amount. The adjusted RCMs are provided without any restrictions via an open‐access repository in netCDF CF‐1.4‐compliant file format. The BC climate models are archived at the 0.1° spatial resolution, in the WGS‐84 coordinate system, at a daily temporal resolution.
Scoping review of approaches used for remote‐access parathyroidectomy: A contemporary review of techniques, tools, pros and cons
Authors: Saito Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Takami Hiroshi , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Nakao Atsushi , Katoh Hiroshi , Ho Keiso , Tomita Masato , Sato Michio , Tolley Neil S. , Randolph Gregory W.
Published: April 2022

After our coauthors described the first remote‐access parathyroidectomy (RAP) series in 2000, several other approaches were developed. No systematic review has been performed to classify and evaluate RAP techniques. We performed a literature search using PubMed and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). A total of 71 studies met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. RAP can be categorized into five approaches: (1) endoscopic and robotic axillary, (2) anterior chest, (3) transoral, (4) retroauricular, and (5) a combination of these approaches. The limited data in the literature suggest that the cure rates and safety of RAP are in no way inferior to those of open parathyroidectomy. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the recommendations for the selection of each approach are listed. The selection of approach methods might depend on the surgeon's experience and familiarity and the patient's preference and disease status.
Tip of the iceberg: A comprehensive review of liver disease in Inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Sharma Disha , Ben Yakov Gil , Kapuria Devika , Viana Rodriguez Gracia , Gewirtz Meital , Haddad James , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Bergerson Jenna R. E. , Freeman Alexandra F. , Heller Theo
Published: April 2022

Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) consist of numerous rare, inherited defects of the immune system that affect about 500,000 people in the United States. As advancements in diagnosis through genetic testing and treatment with targeted immunotherapy and bone marrow transplant emerge, increasing numbers of patients survive into adulthood posing fresh clinical challenges. A large spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases now present in those with immunodeficiency diseases, leading to morbidity and mortality in this population. Awareness of these hepatobiliary diseases has lagged the improved management of the underlying disorders, leading to missed opportunities to improve clinical outcomes. This review article provides a detailed description of specific liver diseases occurring in various inborn errors of immunity. A generalized approach to diagnosis and management of hepatic complications is provided, and collaboration with hepatologists, immunologists, and pathologists is emphasized as a requirement for optimizing management and outcomes.
The Wheel of Well‐being: Impact of a community training programme on individual well‐being in Australia
Authors: Canning Thomas , Stewart Victoria , Harris Paul , Souraya Sally
Published: April 2022

Issues Addressed

Well‐being intervention frameworks may help improve well‐being. The Wheel of Well‐being (WoW) is designed to empower individuals to understand and use the WoW framework for themselves, their communities and in workplaces. This paper evaluates the well‐being impacts on participants of a well‐being capacity building programme using WoW, in Australia.

Methods

The programme collected quantitative data from participants at two time points, once at the beginning of the programme (Time 1) and on the final session (Time 2). Surveys assessed well‐being outcomes as well as life satisfaction, knowledge and understanding of well‐being and behavioural changes.

Results

Results of a total of 162 participants were included in this evaluation of the programme across nine cohorts. Between Time 1 and Time 2 the participants saw a small, but significant increase in well‐being scores, with no difference between age groups. The number of participants regarded as having a “High” well‐being score increased from 11% to 24%. Increases in knowledge, understanding and the implementation of actions and behaviours to improve well‐being were also observed.

Conclusion

This evaluation provides evidence that participation in a short, intensive WoW programme can positively impact well‐being, behaviour and knowledge and understanding regarding well‐being. This suggests WoW may be an effective framework around which individuals can improve their well‐being.

So What?

Consideration should be given to the implementation of comprehensive health promotion frameworks, including WoW, to improve the well‐being of individuals. Further evaluation is needed to see if improved well‐being is maintained over longer time periods.
Efficacy and Safety of Romosozumab Among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Miller Paul D , Adachi Jonathan D , Albergaria Ben-Hur , Cheung Angela M , Chines Arkadi A , Gielen Evelien , Langdahl Bente L , Miyauchi Akimitsu , Oates Mary , Reid Ian R , Santiago Norma Ruiz , Vanderkelen Mark , Wang Zhenxun , Yu Zhigang
Published: April 2022

Patients with osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of fracture and associated negative outcomes, including increased mortality. The present post hoc analysis of two randomized, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trials—Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis (FRAME) and Active-Controlled Fracture Study in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis at High Risk (ARCH)—investigated the efficacy and safety of romosozumab in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and mild-to-moderate CKD. The analysis included data from 7147 patients from FRAME and 4077 from ARCH. Eighty-one percent of patients from FRAME and 85% from ARCH had mild or moderate reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline, and part of this reduction is likely age related. During the 1-year double-blind phases of the trials, patients received romosozumab 210 mg sc or placebo monthly in FRAME and romosozumab 210 mg sc monthly or alendronate 70 mg po weekly in ARCH. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck and vertebral and nonvertebral fractures were assessed at baseline and month 12. In both trials, the least-square mean percent change from baseline BMD was significantly greater in the romosozumab groups versus controls across all kidney function categories at month 12. Romosozumab reduced the relative risk of new vertebral fractures at month 12 among patients with eGFR of 30–59, 60–89, and ≥90 mL/min by 72% (95% confidence interval [CI] 14–91; p = 0.017), 70% (40–85; p < 0.001), and 84% (30–96; p = 0.005), respectively, in FRAME versus placebo, and by 51% (5–75; p = 0.04), 19% (−28 to 49; p = 0.39), and 57% (1–81, p = 0.04), respectively, in ARCH versus alendronate. Incidences of adverse events, asymptomatic decreases in serum calcium, and evolution of kidney function during the studies were similar across all baseline kidney function groups. Romosozumab is an effective treatment option for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and mild-to-moderate reduction in kidney function, with a similar safety profile across different levels of kidney function. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
DDX3X alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by regulating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in an in vitro model
Authors: Feng Dandan , Li Jiang , Guo Liang , Liu Jing , Wang Shaochen , Ma Xiuyuan , Song Yunxuan , Liu Ju , Hao Enkui
Published: April 2022

The life‐threatening adverse effects of doxorubicin (Dox) caused by its cardiotoxic properties limit its clinical application. DDX3X has been shown to participate in a variety of physiological processes, and it acts as a regulator of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. However, the role of DDX3X in Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remains unclear. In this study, we found that DDX3X expression was significantly decreased in H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with Dox. Ddx3x knockdown and RK‐33 (DDX3X ATPase activity inhibitor) pretreatment exacerbated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Dox treatment. In contrast, Ddx3x overexpression ameliorated the DIC response. Moreover, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in cardiomyocytes treated with Dox was suppressed, but this suppression was reversed by Ddx3x overexpression. Overall, this study demonstrated that DDX3X plays a protective role in DIC by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.
Physical exercise positively modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐related hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Passos Emanuel , Pereira Cidália , Gonçalves Inês O. , Faria Ana , Ascensão António , Monteiro Rosário , Magalhães José , Martins Maria J.
Published: April 2022

Obesity is a predictive factor for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although some of the mechanisms associated with NASH development are still elusive, its pathogenesis relies on a complex broad spectrum of (interconnected) metabolic‐based disorders. We analyzed the effects of voluntary physical activity (VPA) and endurance training (ET), as preventive and therapeutic nonpharmacological strategies, respectively, against hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER‐related proapoptotic signaling, and oxidative stress in an animal model of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced NASH. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into standard control liquid diet (SCLD) or HFD groups, with sedentary, VPA, and ET subgroups in both (sedentary animals with access to SCLD [SS], voluntarily physically active animals with access to SCLD [SV], and endurance‐trained animals with access to SCLD [ST] in the former and sedentary animals with access to liquid HFD [HS], voluntarily physically active animals with access to liquid HFD [HV], and endurance‐trained animals with access to liquid HFD [HT] in the latter, respectively). Hepatic ER stress and ER‐related proapoptotic signaling were evaluated by Western blot and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction; redox status was evaluated through quantification of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls groups, and glutathione levels as well as antioxidant enzymes activity. In SCLD‐treated animals, VPA significantly decreased eukaryotic initiation factor‐2 alpha (eIF2α). In HFD‐treated animals, VPA significantly decreased eIF2α and phospho‐inositol requiring enzyme‐1 alpha (IRE1α) but ET significantly decreased eIF2α and significantly increased both spliced X‐box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) and unspliced X‐box binding protein 1; a significant increase of phosphorylated‐eIF2α (p‐eIF2α) to eIF2α ratio occurred in ET versus VPA. HS compared to SS disclosed a significant increase of total and reduced glutathione, HV compared to SV a significant increase of oxidized glutathione, HT compared to ST a significant increase of p‐eIF2α to eIF2α ratio and sXBP1. Physical exercise counteracts NASH‐related ER stress and its associated deleterious consequences through a positive and dynamical modulation of the hepatic IRE1α–X‐box binding protein 1 pathway.