bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Risk Identification, Analysis and Assessment of China’s Power System Under the Electricity Reform Environment
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Zhang Fan , Fan Menhua
Published: April 2021

The new round of electricity reform in China will fundamentally change the current pattern of the power industry in terms of production, management and operation. During the process of power system reform, the security of the power system will face more risk challenges than ever before. This paper will first identify new risks of the power system in China under the new situation of electricity reform, and then analyses and evaluate these new risks. The major new risks are also specifically emphasized.
Analysis on The Influence Factors of Transmission Line Project Cost Based on Random Forest Model
Authors: Ma Li , Zhou Ming , Lu Shengwei , Wang Qixin , Liao Shuang , Ming Yue , Wang Sicong
Published: April 2021

There are many factors influencing the cost of transmission line project. The complex construction environment, different construction level and other factors could lead to large differences in the cost of comparable transmission line projects under the same voltage level. Based on the division of the transmission line projects, this paper analyzes and identifies the main factors affecting the cost of transmission line project. The random forest model is used to select 15 of the influencing factors. And then, this paper verifies the main factors selected, providing references for prediction.
Constructing a Data Middle Platform for Promoting Renewable Energy Accommodation Capacity
Authors: Jiang Xin , Cai Yuxiang , Shen Liang , Chen Xiangzhou , Lan Liang , Yang Qifan
Published: April 2021

Constructing a data middle platform for renewable energy accommodation can provide essential support for the safe and efficient accommodation and the orderly development of the renewable energy industry. Based on the connotation and technical characteristics, the data middle platform is constructed for renewable energy accommodation from four dimensions: data source layer, data asset layer, analysis layer and application layer. Furthermore, the paper analyses the application scenarios and corresponding key technologies of the data middle platform, which plays a vital role in the critical reference for promoting the accommodation of renewable energy.
Research on the Application of NLP Artificial Intelligence Tools in University Natural Language Processing
Authors: Yuan Aihong , Gao li
Published: April 2021

Natural language formal analysis theory has created brilliant achievements on the basis of previous studies. However, with the development of computing power and the advent of the deep learning boom, some people believe that the rule-based rationalist method is outdated, and deep learning that relies on massive data can truly realize artificial intelligence. When traditional natural language is directly transplanted to text language, the short content of natural language will cause data sparseness and result in deviation of calculation results. This paper proposes a new natural language similarity measurement method by using NLP artificial intelligence tools. This method first preprocesses short texts, then builds a complex network model for natural language, calculates the complex network feature values of natural language words, and then uses NLP artificial intelligence tools to calculate the semantic similarity between natural language words, and then combines natural language Semantic similarity is defined to calculate the similarity between natural languages.
Reactive Current Control Strategy of CHB-DSTATCOM Based on Unit Vector
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yang Daliang , Xu Shengguang , Chen Shuang
Published: April 2021

For a single-phase distribution network static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) based on cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter, the design of dq control-based system is difficult due to the coupling effect and current fiction. To address this issue, first, the mathematical model of dq control is derived, then the unit vector (UV) control based on αβ frame is proposed. In this paper, the compensation current reference is obtained through the instantaneous power theory and unit vector method. Proposed control structure eliminates the effects of the decoupling control and the complex current fiction. In addition, the DC-voltage balance is achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation and experiments.
Dynamic response research of projectile-based device with the load-reliving subassembly’s material properties nonlinearity
Authors: Sun Shanshan , Zhang Hang , Jiang Bin’an
Published: April 2021

According to the characteristics of the structure of the projectile-based device, designed Hopkinson bar experiment, established the nonlinear dynamic model of projectile-based device with load-reliving subassembly, solved by theory of stress wave, comparing to the result of Hopkinson bar experiment, they are the same, it is useful for engineering design and analysis of projectile-based device.
An Efficient Method for Characterizing the Operational Feasible Region of Virtual Power Plant
Authors: Jiang Hua , Jin Liming , Wu Yingxia , Zhao Ke , Long Jiarui
Published: April 2021

The penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power system is increasing considerably in the last years. Virtual power plant (VPP) which provides services for power market and system dispatching is an important method to aggregate DERs. In this paper, the virtual power plant is studied from the perspective of “region”. The operational feasible region (OFR) of the virtual power plant is defined as the set of all active and reactive power output by the virtual power plant, in which the network constraints and the operation constraints of DERs will not be violated. A new approximation method is proposed to characterize the operational feasible region of a VPP. Based on iterative linearization, a strategy is proposed to improve the accuracy of the region description. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system.
Optimal configuration of distributed power sources based on Fruit Fly optimization algorithm
Authors: Hu Linfeng , Lu Liang , Liu Tianyu
Published: April 2021

Based on the fuzzy membership technology to optimize the configuration of distributed generation access to the distribution network, a multi-objective optimization model is established that comprehensively considers the investment benefits of DG, polluting gas emissions and voltage quality. The chaotic sequence of Tent mapping is quoted in the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) to improve it, increase the diversity of the population, and reduce the possibility of the algorithm falling into a local optimum. The simulation results of the PG&E33 node system verify the effectiveness and rationality of the model and the improved algorithm.
Construct Power Main Grid into a Railgrid
Authors: Li Guosheng , Zheng Xiuyu , Han Lei , Shu Xin
Published: April 2021

This paper briefly analyzes the problems existing in the current power system, and puts forward the fundamental measures to solve the problems: from five aspects, to reconstruct and rebuild Power Main Grid into a RAILGRID. Meanwhile, puts forward that the power system should go back to the most basic functions, and transform the most basic transmission mode of electricity and electric energy. The goal is fundamentally to solve the problems of security and stability of ultra-large capacity power grid and energy interconnection power grid.
Analysis of Hyperthermia of Children in Enclosed Vehicle
Authors: Lv Xuhao , He Wenchao , Liang Longkai
Published: April 2021

Aiming at the problem of high temperature hazard in children stranded in cars, based on the thermal environment parameters of the enclosed vehicle during outdoor thermal soaking in summer, the predicted heat strain (PHS) model was used, combined with children’s height, weight, clothing and other factors, to simulate the changes in physiological indicators such as core temperature, rectal temperature and water loss, and to scientifically determined the maximum allowable exposure time. It was predicted that the core temperature of human body exceeded 38°C at 72 minutes, and then the body began to heat exhaustion.
Structural Type Selection of Water-cooled Motor Controller Based on ICEPAK
Authors: Zhao Weijian , Sun Huizhi , Fang Weiping , Liu Benchao
Published: April 2021

Three kinds of water-cooled radiator structures of the motor controller are designed in the process of developing the motor controller of the electric vehicle. Based on ICEPAK, the detailed distribution of the temperature field is obtained by simulation analysis of thermal analysis. The temperature situation of the IGBT, the thermal resistance of the radiator and the pressure drop of the radiator are analysed. The results show that the cooling effect of the cross shaped needle shaped radiator is the best, so it is selected as the radiator of the water-cooled motor controller.
Analysis of Induced Voltage and Influencing Factors of Transmission Lines with Different Voltage Levels and Different Towers in Parallel on the Same Corridor
Authors: Bao Yanyan , Liu Kang , Zhang Guangdong , Wen Dingjun , Guo Lu , Wang Hailong
Published: April 2021

In view of the strong coupling between the parallel transmission lines of different voltage levels and different towers running in the common corridor, in order to study the electrical imbalance between the 750kV transmission line and the 330kV transmission line erected in the common corridor, the simulation analysis of the common corridor transmission and distribution Causes and influencing factors of induced voltage in electric lines. The system equivalent model is established by using ATP-EMTP. The results show that the 750kV transmission line has obvious electrostatic induction voltage to the 330kV transmission line parallel to the corridor, and the electromagnetic induction voltage between them is not obvious. The influence of 750kV transmission lines on 330kV distribution lines is related to the transmission power. The greater the line power, the more severe the three-phase voltage imbalance of 330kV distribution lines, and vice versa.
Effects of ICT Application (Information Communication and Technology) Towards the Transformation of Regional Bureaucracy
Authors: Razak Muhammad Rais Rahmat , Ahmad Jamaluddin , Mustanir Ahmad , Madani Muhlis , Idhan Andi
Published: April 2021

Digital-based government has become an interesting issue when the expectations of the 2019 presidential and vice presidential elections, both the 01 Jokowi-Ma’ruf and 02 Prabowo-Sandi pair have the same passion for carrying out digital-based government programs. The presence of digital government should not only be selling campaigns, but must be able to be present in the midst of society by encouraging the application of Information, communication and technology (hereinafter abbreviated as ICT) in various public services, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The rapid development of technology has changed the paradigm of public service and governance, from being hierarchical to open and flexible, so that it has an impact on organizational culture and the acceleration of bureaucratic transformation in government. This study aims to find out how ICT plays a role in building organizational culture, making organizational structures, formulating regional policy visions and their influence on bureaucratic transformation, and also aims to look at the factors that influence indicators and bureaucratic transformation. The results showed that the application of ICT in the government of Sidenreng Rappang Regency had a real and significant effect on organizational culture and organizational structure only while vision and policies had not yet been influential but together had an impact on the acceleration of the bureaucratic transformation process. The dominant factor that affects is project-shaped activities, where structural officials have high responsiveness so that they can have a positive influence on bureaucratic transformation.
Bringing Artificial Intelligent to Jakarta Monitoring Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Rahayu Riska
Published: April 2021

SARS-CoV-2 has been named as the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) The Government of Jakarta reported 47.796 cases, 35.431 of those who got infected already recovered while 1.318 died. The Jakarta government has provided a particular website as a media for delivering Covid-19 information in a fast and updated dynamically. The government provides various information with features that make it easier for the public to read and understand the extent to which the Covids-19 pandemic. This study adopted an exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach to qualitative research. Data was analyzed by classifying topics that are relevant to the information layout. Data reduction is defined as the collection process, focusing on what is appropriate to the research objectives. The finding was analyzed Covid-19 pandemic in Jakarta has infected 43,709 people and killed 1,219 in Jakarta. Data on patients who were cured and those who were infected are displayed on the Jakarta government’s website. The cure rate for Jakarta’s patients and national mortality data continues to increase. Jakarta has contributed 34% of the cure for national data. Optimization seeks to promote public access to the Jakarta Government. Data displayed can detect the number of positive active patient cases.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence by the General Elections Commission in Creating a Credible Voter List
Authors: Akbar Paisal , Loilatu Mohammad Jafar , Pribadi Ulung , Sudiar Sonny
Published: April 2021

In the 20th century, artificial intelligence was a necessity that cannot be separated from human activities every day. In its development, artificial intelligence has influenced the process of running democracy where the implementation of elections has been supported by internet-based systems to make it easier for organizers, election participants, and voters in realizing the overflow and judicial elections. This research attempts to examine the Voter List Information System (Sidalih) owned by the General Elections Commission (KPU). The goal is to examine the extent of the system on how it works effectively in realizing credible votes list, what factors influence its implementation. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data collection is obtained from literature studies of previous articles and data from recapitulation by the General Elections Commission. Based on the results of the research, it will be presenting the extent to which Sidalih effectiveness in creating credible voter list, knowing the obstacles faced in implementing Sidalih in the field, the data processing through coding literature data, and reporting to reputable online media which reports the implementation of updating data, as well as listing voters by the General Elections Commission in the 2019 General Election. The coding result data is then processed using the Nvivo 12 plus feature.
Big Data Analysis of COVID-19 Mitigation Policy in Indonesia: Democratic, Elitist, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ramdani Rijal , Agustiyara  , Purnomo Eko Priyo
Published: April 2021

In response to mitigate COVID-19 local transmission, the Indonesian government has launched several regulative policies. This paper aims to analyze whether the decision-making process of those regulative policies is closed to a democratic or elitist approach and whether the government has adopted Artificial Intelligence (AI) in these processes. We focus on large-scale social distancing (PSBB), homecoming restriction in the Eid Mubarak (Mudik), and new-normal life policy case studies. The research has shown that elite roles are quite dominant with little consideration for public consultation and little attention to the use of AI to consider public preferences. The data were collected from two well-known national online media, which are nasional.kompas.com and tempo.co, while the big data mining and analysis have been applied through N-Vivo 12 software. We argue that although the elitist paradigm can be recognized as an efficient approach in the pandemic and emergency, the decision-makers can accommodate public preferences if they can get insights from online media news with the help of AI technology.
Is Smart Governance Internal Collaboration Works on the Implementation of the Smart City Yogyakarta?
Authors: Kencono Dewi Sekar
Published: April 2021

Smart city concept is a sustainable urban growth with good quality of life. By adapting governance to smart cities, governance has become more public responsible. The issues that generated resident complaints which became internal problems within LGO still overlap. The analytical method used is quantitative by using a data collection source of complaint-identified cases through the Jogja Smart Service application with the UPIK section (Information and Complaints Service Unit). Data from 2016-2019 were reported as many as 796 cases via the complaint system. In the results of this research, the existance of variable data and information are essential co-operation keys that are often overlooked, therefore there is no time relationship. Including the four variables of this article, the strongest variables are participation and engagement, while the weakest variables are data and information.
Comparison of Technology, Human Resources, and Institutional Resources Perspectives: Cases of Jakarta Smart City
Authors: Reza Izzul Fatchu , Azmi Ilima Fitri
Published: April 2021

Smart City policy is the right choice for cities to transform to be more dynamic by keeping up with the development of social, economic, and globalization. Governments in big cities such as Jakarta have formulated and implemented smart city policy with various objectives. The government of Jakarta city built smart cities to maximize public services, provide solutions for city problems and support sustainable development. This research aims to describe the implementation of smart cities in Jakarta City from the perspectives of technology, human resources, and institutions. This study will also portrait the use of big data in Jakarta smart city. These three factors are determinants of achieving the visions of a smart city, which are smart energy, smart transportation, smart environment, smart health care, smart education, smart safety, and other policy domains. The research method uses descriptive qualitative method with data sources derived from secondary data sources such as data obtained from official sites, related documents both sourced from the government and the public, news, research results, and others. The result of this study is expected to provide recommendations and solutions for the city government in solving problems and obstacles faced in the implementation of strategies in achieving the vision of the smart city.
E-Parking Management System
Authors: Ayyub  , Hardianti  , Nonci Nurjannah , Nuraini K , Nur Muhammad
Published: April 2021

The development of Makassar City, which from year to year increasingly signals changes to the lifestyle of the community, the increased use of vehicles, and community mobilization from one place to another is parallel to the community’s need for land or parking space. This has triggered the emergence of many illegal parking lots spread across Makassar especially on the side of public roads, shop fronts, offices, and others which are the leading causes of traffic jams in Makassar. The purpose of this research is to regulate parking management as a whole from all stakeholders, to change manual parking into e-parking so that it is more controlled, controlled, and transparent. This study uses the Nvivo analysis research method in a qualitative approach to explaining the problem of management of e-parking in cities with a data coding model. The data in the research were obtained through the online media of the South Sulawesi Province by selecting news about parking in Makassar. Out of the 717 parking points in Makassar, only a small proportion use e-parking. It is because the parking lot in Makassar City is not well controlled. There is no equitable management carried out by the government so that many parking attendants do illegal parking.
Artificial Intelligent Application in Discovering the Japanese Manufacturing Market for Indonesia’s Policy.
Authors: Kusumaningrum Demeiati Nur , Wardhana Dhani Kusuma , Lestari Winda Ayu
Published: April 2021

Japan is one of the biggest Indonesian market destinations. But in 2018 the World Bank reporting Indonesia is at the 11th position of exporting food to Japan left behind Thailand, Brazil, and Vietnam. The biggest obstacle for the Indonesian manufacturing industry arrived in Japan market is dealing with the food safety and health standards. PT. Bellfood became the first Indonesian producer of processed food entering the Japanese market in 2018. This paper aimed to identify Japanese food safety policy implementation that affected Indonesia’s food industry to access Japan market. This paper used the VosViewer application to find the research gap. Data collection used the library research method. The authors selected 23 publications by Mendeley that concerned with Japan Food Safety as the keyword. The liberal perspective of IPE examines the Japanese food safety management system under the Food Sanitation Act has internalized international trade standards. The national provisions concerning safety and quality assurance refers to HACCP and ISO 20200. Import processed food products entering the Japanese market should own certification of ISO 9001 quality management system, ISO 22000 Food Safety Management System, and Halal Assurance System 23000 as good practice implemented by PT. Bellfood.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Resources: A Challenge in Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Village Government
Authors: Angin Ria
Published: April 2021

AI is a branch of computer science, its essence is to try to let machines or systems simulate the information process of human consciousness and thinking, think like a human being even surpassed humans. AI village financial system is the combination of AI and village financial data. The village finance system has four modules: planning, budgeting, administration, and bookkeeping. The planning module to input the Vision, Mission, Goals, and Targets of the Village Government which has been outlined in the RPJMDes. The second module is a budgeting module to input data regarding the preparation of APBDes at the beginning of the fiscal year, budget proposals, and budget changes. The next module is the administration module to perform the input process in the framework of implementing APBDes and is used to record village revenue transactions, village expenditure transactions, cash transfer transactions, and tax deposit transactions. The fourth module in the data entry menu is the bookkeeping module, to enter the opening balance and make journal adjustments. The output of the bookkeeping module consists of budget realization reports every month, every quarter, every semester, and every year. Then the Village Property Report, the Realization Report on the Use of Village Funds, and the Compilation Report. Technical guidance improves the capacity of the village government apparatus. Technical guidance has a positive impact on civil servants in implementing the village financial system.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence: The Use of Technology on Diffable Public Service in Banyuwangi
Authors: Adawiyah Putri Robiatul , Ardiansyah Fuad , Haerah Kahar
Published: April 2021

This research focuses on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Banyuwangi Innovation on standards diffable public service. Implementation of Artificial Intelligence through technological innovation and special infrastructure for people with disabilities and public service standards for disableds, braille printers, braille scanner, hearing it tools, audio graph tools to measure hearing, deaf speech electrolytes, multi-function wheelchair, regulations on braille printing disabilities, braille computers, jaws applications for pc, talk voice to read mobile applications, embosser printers, braille reference books. The implementation was realized by the government, education service providers, stakeholders, the community, and the private sector. AI formulated important support, needed, applications, technology, machine learning, public facilities, and access to information. Innovation in Banyuwangi manifested the form of support for regional regulations (PERDA) No. 6 of 2017 that concern the protection and fulfillment of the rights of disabilities to realize public service standards for disabilities following technological innovation.
Imputation of Missing Values for Solar Irradiance Data under Different Weathers using Univariate Methods
Authors: Mohamad Noor Bariah , Lim Boon-Han , Lai An-Chow
Published: April 2021

Significant investment risks of large photovoltaic (PV) systems are uncertainties of energy yield predictions from a PV power plant. Unfortunately, solar irradiance weather datasets often have missing values due to operational issues; hence techniques of imputing or recovering the missing values become essential. This paper examined five statistical imputation methods that are frequently adopted in missing values analysis for daily solar irradiance series based on two different weather conditions in the tropical climate with 10% to 50% of missing values and the methods were evaluated using performance indicators such as normalised root-mean-square at standard test conditions (nRMSESTC). The results show that during Sunny weather, the Bezier curve and Stineman interpolation give the lowest nRMSESTC for 10% and 20% to 50% of daily missing values, respectively. Meanwhile, during Largely Cloudy weather, three methods share the best estimations, which are Linear interpolation for 10% missing values, Stineman interpolation for 20%, 30% and 50% missing values, and Spline interpolation for 40% of missing values.
Calculation of the Impact of Income Gap on Environmental Pollution
Authors: Shi Yaobo , Zhao Pengting
Published: April 2021

This article uses the panel data of 30 provinces (excluding Tibet autonomous region) from 2000 to 2018, and uses pm2.5 concentration as an indicator to measure environmental pollution. It starts from the traditional EKC curve and adds the Gini coefficient to measure income gap as the key explanatory variable, in order to study the impact of income gap on environmental pollution in China. Regardless of whether it is a static panel model or a dynamic panel instrumental variable model, the results show that China as a whole has an environmental Kuznets curve of pm2.5, and the widening of the income gap is not conducive to the improvement of environmental quality. Among the selected control variables, the increase of industrialization level, energy intensity and foreign direct investment will aggravate the environmental pollution. However, the good news is that the rational advancement of urbanization has played a positive role in the improvement of environmental quality.
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in Sequential Flow Photobioreactor System: Influence of Recycled Culture Medium on Growth, Lipid and Protein Content
Authors: Dasan Yaleeni Kanna , Lam Man Kee , Yusup Suzana , Lim Jun Wei , Lee Keat Teong , Show Pau Loke , Tan Inn Shi , Yew Foo Henry Chee
Published: April 2021

In the present work, the reusability of culture medium to grow Chlorella vulgaris was examined in an effort to reduce the freshwater footprint of microalgae cultivation. The microalagae was cultivated in a sequential-flow system equipped with five photobioreactors connected in series. Furthermore, the effect of recycled culture medium without additional nutrients on the growth, lipid and protein content of microalgae was evaluated under optimized cultivation conditions. Experimental results showed that biomass concentration and growth rate reduced when the recycled culture medium was used. The maximum biomass concentration was achieved in the fresh medium with a total biomass yield of 1.42 g/L. Meanwhile, lipid content was found to increase when the microalgae was cultivated in the recycled medium, in which the highest lipid content (58.01 wt.%) was attained from photobioreactor 5 (cycle 2). On the contrary, the protein content (11.98 wt.%) of the microalgae in the recycled medium was considerably lower than the fresh medium (49.20 wt.%). These results suggested that the reuse of culture medium to grow microalgae is possible, however, it has a significant impact on the biochemical compositions of Chlorella vulgaris. Therefore, it is important to determine the desired product prior to reusing the medium for subsequent cultivation process.
The Role of Bioretention Plant on Nutrient Removal of Stormwater Runoff
Authors: Ali W , Takaijudin H , Yusof K W
Published: April 2021

Stormwater pollutants are one of the main problems causing environmental damage. The accumulated pollutants on urban impervious surfaces are carried by stormwater runoff and enter water bodies, therefore, caused ecological damage. To decrease the pollution effect of stormwater, best management practices (BMP), and low–impact development (LID) principles were introduced. Bioretention technology as one of these practices has been used to control stormwater quality. This technology stills not widely used in Malaysia. However, the design of bioretention system that used in Malaysia follows a conventional design and stills in the early stage. Therefore, this paper reviews the role of plants and their effect on bioretention performance in terms of nutrient removal. Bioretention system that vegetated with the plant was very effective on nutrient removal than without plant. In Malaysia, there is a need to develop the conventional bioretention system. Applying multispecies plant in bioretention system would be more effective on nutrient removal. However, limited studies have been conducted on the types of plant that are suggested in (MSMA). This paper recommends applying multispecies plant (mixture plants) to enhance the performance of conventional bioretention system in terms of nutrient removal.
Experimental investigation into the performance of the solar pond in Kerbala
Authors: Abbood M H , Alhwayzee M , Sultan M A
Published: April 2021

Solar ponds are a low-cost technology options for harnessing solar energy. An experimental model for a solar pond was designed for Kerbala, Iraq, with the aim of heating water. The surface area of the pond was 7.29 m2, at a depth of 1 m, and with walls tilted at an angle of 45°. The experiment was conducted in February, March, and April, in the winter and spring seasons of 2020. Two types of salt were used in this work: sodium chloride and potassium chloride. Solar radiation was recorded daily, and the measured solar irradiance ranged between 360 W/m2 and 1384W/m2. Solar radiation was focused on the surface of the pond using two reflecting mirrors, the first being a flat surface and the second a concave shape, with a concavity depth of 0.1 m. Both mirrors were 1 m long by 0.8 m wide. The experimental results showed that the highest temperature of water in the pond was 44 °C, achieved using sodium chloride, while using potassium chloride produced a maximum temperature of 40 °C. The useful energy and the experimental thermal efficiencies were found to be 28.2 MJ per hour and 11.6%, respectively.
Auto gain Ultra low signal transimpedance amplifier for Blood Diagnostic machine.
Authors: Desai Saroj R , Warke Nilima V , Nawatake Shivaji S
Published: April 2021

The front-end circuit of blood diagnostic machine consists of a light source, photodiode and transimpedance amplifier (TIA). Various researchers have used separate photodiode and the TIA circuit to measure absorbance for different wavelengths that made the circuit bulky and limited its application for measurement of specific parameters. At high gain of around 4000 plus normally any amplifier, including TIA becomes unstable. We are presenting here auto gain TIA that is stable and precise even at the gain of 4000. MSP432 32 BIT Arm Cortex 4 microcontroller with inbuilt precision analog to digital convertor is used for sensing, implementing auto gain selection logic and calculating the absorbance. With this circuit, we measured the absorbance up to 4.2 and satisfactory results with maximum error of 0.04 were achieved up to the range of 3.5 on the absorbance scale. Further, the performance of TIA is tested and found satisfactory for 300nm to 800nm wavelength range.
A review on green pavement hydrological design and recommended permeable pavement with detention storage
Authors: Bateni N , Lai S H , Ahmad Bustami R , Mannan M A , Mah D Y S
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews innovation of green pavement technology for storm water management in an urban environment. This can be related with hydrological performance and assessments of the permeable pavement. Features of the typical permeable pavement are presented and discussed. Topics covered include recognizing important of permeable pavement, stormwater management benefit and detailed hydrological properties and design. The information in this paper provides stakeholders with an overview of research and development of green pavement. In particular, it discussed the benefit and advantages of the green pavement in current use. On the other hand, the permeable pavement with subsurface detention namely StormPav is presented. The hydrological design modification and innovation, as well as hydrological design and stormwater management benefits have been summarised. Therefore provided another option for green pavement infrastructure series to be used in roadworks.
Mechanoluminescence behaviour on Eu2+/Dy3+ activated SrAl2O4 phosphor
Authors: Mishra Manish Kumar , Dubey Vikas , Mishra Pushya Mitra , Sachdev Taranjeet
Published: April 2021

Synthesis of Eu/Dy rare earth doped strontium aluminate phosphor or material with varying concentration of co-dopant (Dy3+) and fixed concentration of dopant (Eu2+) is reported inside the manuscript. Phosphor are prepared and synthesized by using the technique of solid-state reaction in reducing atmosphere and activated charcoal was used to create the atmosphere. Mechanoluminescence pattern were recorded for variable concentration of doping / co-doping ions and it is found with the increment in the concentration of co-dopant up-to 1 mol%, the ML intensity increases and after that the ML intensity decrement occurs due to the phenomenon of concentration quenching. Similarly, for the optimized concentration the ML pattern obtained for gamma – irradiated phosphor and it shows linear response with dose so our study supports the ML dosimeter application to detect the radiation via mechanoluminescence study. The suitable models are compared herein, which are already reported by so many authors.
A first-principle density functional study of metal doped ZnO buckyball structure for electronic applications
Authors: Sharma S , Shrivastav A K , Oudhia A , Verma M L
Published: April 2021

The nanostructured ZnO Buckyball (ZnOBB) and Al-doped ZnO Buckyball (ZnOBB: Al) has been optimized and their electronic properties were studied using the first-principle density functional theory (DFT) approach. The study includes the structural and electronic analysis of the system, done by observing the variation in the bond length, cell volume, Density of States (DOS) and Partial Density of States (PDOS). The DOS analysis provides information about Fermi level and bandgap while its further study with PDOS furnished an understanding of the orbitals which are contributing to the overall transition of electrons in the material. The optimized structure of ZnOBB: Al consists of dopant Al placed in the position of one of the Zn atoms in the cage of ZnOBB. Undoped ZnOBB showed a bandgap value ~1.5 eV, while ZnOBB: Al showed an increased bandgap value ~3.25 eV, which is attributed to the reduction in the size of ZnOBB after doping. This work proposes a doping mechanism, which may further explain the modifications of the bandgap. ZnOBB structure is itself a very contemporary topic of research and such kind of alteration in the bandgap with doping increases its applications in optoelectronic devices.
Heat conduction mechanism in AlxGa1-xN ultraviolet light emitting diode
Authors: Sahare Priyanka , Sahoo Bijay Kumar
Published: April 2021

AlxGa1-xN ultra violet light emitting diode (UV LED) has wavelength ranges from 200 to 400nm. UV light has wide range of applications from food processing, health sector, environment and security to space exploration. The energy of one photon of UV light ranges from 3.1 to 6.5 eV which is enough to raise temperature of the active region of the diode above room temperature. The issue is termed as self-heating which shrinks band gap of AlxGa1-xN semiconductor and decreases the emission efficiency of LED. Efficiency droop directly depends on thermal transport in active region of the AlxGa1-xN UV LED. Thus, thermal properties of AlxGa1-xN UV LED should be studied to explore strategies to minimize the issue. In this work we discussed heat conduction mechanism in AlxGa1-xN UV LED. The heat flow in active region is studied by solving heat flux equation in the active region for different material parameter and thermal conductivity. Our study finds that high thermal conductivity of AlxGa1-xN can minimize the self-heating issue and can improve the efficiency of AlxGa1-xN UV LED.
Study of electrical conduction behaviour of Y6-xBa4(SiO4)6O2 oxyapatite doped with ytterbium ions
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Agrawal Sadhana
Published: April 2021

This paper reports the electrical conduction behaviour of Yttrium Barium Silicate Oxyapatite Y6-xBa4Ybx(SiO4)6O2, synthesized by solution combustion method where x varies from 0.01 mol% to 0.05 mol%.. The scanning electron microscopy was done for morphological analysis which shows the spheroidal shaped grains with average grain size of 35μm. The dielectric behaviour of the material was studied in the frequency range of 100Hz – 100KHz and temperature varying from 50°C - 400°C. The frequency dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss has been plotted for different temperatures. Decrease in dielectric constant and dielectric loss with increase in frequency has been observed for YBaSiO:Yb compounds.
Electrical conduction mechanism of barium doped strontium hydroxyapatite synthesized by co – precipitation method
Authors: Rout Ananya , Agrawal Sadhana
Published: April 2021

The crystalline samples of Barium (Ba) doped Sr10-xBax(PO4)6(OH)2 with x = 0, 0.5 and 1 mol% were prepared by co – precipitation method. The microstructural (SEM) image shows the distribution of densely packed grains over the surface of prepared sample. The nature of cole – cole plots confirm that the conduction mechanism is governed only by the grains with no contribution of grain boundaries for all prepared samples. The resistance of grains decreases with increase in temperature and molar (mol%) concentration, which shows a negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) behaviour for all prepared samples. The a.c. conductivity increases with increase in frequency which shows non – debye nature of the prepared samples.
Growth and photoemission studies of titanium carbide coating by laser carburizing
Authors: Soni Sheetal , Phase D M , Gupta Ratnesh
Published: April 2021

Carburizing of metals is well known technique to modify the tribological properties like hardness and corrosion resistance of metal surfaces. Besides this the electronic structures of nitrides and carbides of titanium metal have great importance from both fundamental and technological point of view. Resonance photoemission electron spectroscopy is a well-known technique to reveal the electronic structure of these alloys. In the present work titanium carbide (TiC) coating has been synthesized by laser carburizing on commercial available pure titanium sheet in a controlled methane atmosphere. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the formation of TiC phase after laser treatment. The hardness of TiC was performed by nano-indentation and its electronic structure has been characterized by x-ray and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. The measured hardness is six times higher than the pure Ti substrate. Resonance photoemission spectrum of TiC gives maxima at 46 eV, which is a characteristic feature of Ti 3d states in the valence band of TiC coating.
Thermal and electrical properties of InxAl1-xN alloy
Authors: Mehra Jay Kumar , Sahoo Bijay Kumar
Published: April 2021

InxAl1-xN is a promising semiconducting material due to its wide range of potential applications in optoelectronics, bio sensing and in thermoelectric power generation. It has a tunable band gap (6 to 0.7eV), high electron saturation velocity, mobility (290 cm2/Vs) and non-toxic nature. Due to this, the material’s electrical and thermal properties require further study in detail to explore more potential applications. In this work, we have investigated theoretically the thermal and electrical properties of InxAl1-xN alloy to predict thermoelectric (TE) figure of merit and performance to identify the most promising composition and carrier densities for optimum power generation at room temperature and above.
High speed laser induced periodic structure generation using femtosecond laser on surface of titanium
Authors: Mundamajhi A , Parashar S K S , Das S K
Published: April 2021

In this work femtosecond laser wavelength of 800nm, 1KHZ repetition rate and pulse length 100fs irradiation surface texturing has been used. The laser surface texturing is distinguished itself than other conventional processing due to its simplicity controllability and reproducible in creating various structures and wide range of applications. A labview compact zaber xy stage is used for this purpose and investgated the high scanning speed (20mm/s,10mm/s) surface structures on Titanium plate. The velocity of sample position used as function to generate modified surface structures. The surface textured studied by effect of variation of scanning velocity and this texturing process has been done in air medium by above selected parameters. FESEM sample characterization study of surface morphology has been done to details study of textured sample surface.
Influence of Thiourea Metal Complex on Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Rasal Y B
Published: April 2021

Influence of 0.1 mole % Bis Thiourea Zinc Sulphate (BTZS) exhibits concrete reinforcing in optical and dielectric properties of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP). The pure and BTZS influenced KDP crystals have been grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature. The structural and vibrational studies of the grown crystals have been studied by single crystal XRD and FT-IR technique respectively. The optical traits of the doped crystal have been analyzed by UV-vis spectral analysis within the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The Kurtz-Perry powder test has been employed to determine the bisthiourea zinc sulphate on the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of KDP crystal and it found to be 1.1 times higher than KDP. The dielectric and thermal behaviour has been analyzed for doped KDP crystal.
A new drilling fluid system for plugging argillaceous shale reservoirs
Authors: You Fuchang , Shu Man , Han Yinfu
Published: April 2021

Argillaceous shale reservoir development is mainly based on extended reach horizontal wells, and has complex geological characteristics. In the process of long horizontal drilling, wellbore instability is easy to occur. In this paper, the mechanism of argillaceous shale instability is explored by testing the mineral composition of argillaceous shale. The method of plugging argillaceous shale with nano-sio2 is proposed, and a new nano plugging drilling fluid formulation system is constructed. The system mainly includes specially designed fluid loss additive SFL and EY, flow pattern regulator VBS, lubricant RH, bentonite, nano silica and inorganic salt. Through a series of experimental tests, the rheological property, thermal stability, anti pollution and plugging ability of the system were evaluated. Finally, with the help of SEM, the micro analysis of core profile before and after plugging with nano drilling fluid is carried out, and the plugging mode of nano drilling fluid is further elaborated. The comprehensive results show that nano-sio2 has good compatibility with water-based drilling fluid, and has good effect on inhibiting argillaceous shale expansion and plugging argillaceous shale fractures. It can play the role of stabilizing shale, effectively meet the needs of target block, and provide reference for the follow-up study of plugging argillaceous shale reservoir.
Phases of learning dynamics in artificial neural networks in the absence or presence of mislabeled data
Authors: Feng Yu , Tu Yuhai
Published: April 2021

Despite the tremendous success of deep neural networks in machine learning, the underlying reason for their superior learning capability remains unclear. Here, we present a framework based on statistical physics to study the dynamics of stochastic gradient descent (SGD), which drives learning in neural networks. Using the minibatch gradient ensemble, we construct order parameters to characterize the dynamics of weight updates in SGD. In the case without mislabeled data, we find that the SGD learning dynamics transitions from a fast learning phase to a slow exploration phase, which is associated with large changes in the order parameters that characterize the alignment of SGD gradients and their mean amplitude. In a more complex case, with randomly mislabeled samples, the SGD learning dynamics falls into four distinct phases. First, the system finds solutions for the correctly labeled samples in phase I; it then wanders around these solutions in phase II until it finds a direction that enables it to learn the mislabeled samples during phase III, after which, it finds solutions that satisfy all training samples during phase IV. Correspondingly, the test error decreases during phase I and remains low during phase II; however, it increases during phase III and reaches a high plateau during phase IV. The transitions between different phases can be understood by examining changes in the order parameters that characterize the alignment of the mean gradients for the two datasets (correctly and incorrectly labeled samples) and their (relative) strengths during learning. We find that individual sample losses for the two datasets are separated the most during phase II, leading to a data cleansing process that eliminates mislabeled samples and improves generalization. Overall, we believe that an approach based on statistical physics and stochastic dynamic systems theory provides a promising framework for describing and understanding learning dynamics in neural networks, which may also lead to more efficient learning algorithms.