bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interoperability frameworks linking mHealth applications to electronic record systems
Authors: Ndlovu Kagiso , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard
Published: December 2020

Background: mHealth presents innovative approaches to enhance primary healthcare delivery in developing countries like Botswana. The impact of mHealth solutions can be improved if they are interoperable with eRecord systems such as electronic health records, electronic medical records and patient health records. eHealth interoperability frameworks exist but their availability and utility for linking mHealth solutions to eRecords in developing world settings like Botswana is unknown. The recently adopted eHealth Strategy for Botswana recognises interoperability as an issue and mHealth as a potential solution for some healthcare needs, but does not address linking the two.Aim: This study reviewed published reviews of eHealth interoperability frameworks for linking mHealth solutions with eRecords, and assessed their relevance to informing interoperability efforts with respect to Botswana’s eHealth Strategy.Methods: A structured literature review and analysis of published reviews of eHealth interoperability frameworks was performed to determine if any are relevant to linking mHealth with eRecords. The Botswanan eHealth Strategy was reviewed.Results: Four articles presented and reviewed eHealth interoperability frameworks that support linking of mHealth interventions to eRecords and associated implementation strategies. While the frameworks were developed for specific circumstances and therefore were based upon varying assumptions and perspectives, they entailed aspects that are relevant and could be drawn upon when developing an mHealth interoperability framework for Botswana. Common emerging themes of infrastructure, interoperability standards, data security and usability were identified and discussed; all of which are important in the developing world context such as in Botswana. The Botswana eHealth Strategy recognises interoperability, mHealth, and eRecords as distinct issues, but not linking of mHealth solutions with eRecords.Conclusion: Delivery of healthcare is shifting from hospital-based to patient-centered primary healthcare and community-based settings, using mHealth interventions. The impact of mHealth solutions can be improved if data generated from them are converted into digital information ready for transmission and incorporation into eRecord systems. The Botswana eHealth Strategy stresses the need to have interoperable eRecords, but mHealth solutions must not be left out. Literature insight about mHealth interoperability with eRecords can inform implementation strategies for Botswana and elsewhere.
Promoting organ donation through Basic Life Support Training –outcomes from the #conversations study.
Authors: Wroe Caroline , Newell Natasha , Graham Yitka , Diamond Marcus , O'Malley Michael , Slater Sarah , Reaich David
Published: December 2020

Background: More than 6000 people are waiting for an organ transplant in the UK. Although a recent change in organ donor legislation to an opt out system is hoped to address this disparity expert review highlights that ‘opt out’ is only one of several factors that impact organ donation rates. Studies show that ethnicity, religion and cultural influences impact opinions towards organ donation. The importance of education is well established and interpersonal educational interventions have been shown to be more effective than mass media approaches to changing behaviour around organ donation. This study evaluates the impact of an educational intervention delivered with Basic Life Support training prior to the change in legislation to positively influence views on organ donation.Methods: An educational film promoting organ donation was developed from patient’s stories, evaluated, reviewed and embedded into BLS training. All staff attending BLS training were invited to participate in the study, complete a baseline survey, watch the film and complete another survey 3-5 working days after the training.Results: During the study period 338 attended BLS training, 8 out of 10 agreed to participate in the study, 6 out of 10 stayed behaving for the intervention and 3 out of 10 completed all stages of the study. Support for organ donation was almost universal in the baseline survey and of those who completed the study, >9 out of 10 felt the intervention had helped them understand the need for organ donation and 1 in 2 had subsequently discussed organ donation with their family and friends. 1 in 4 did not support the forthcoming change in organ donation legislation.Conclusions: A brief targeted intervention delivered through BLS training is effective in promoting discussion and improves support for organ donation. The mandatory nature of BLS training reduces bias in engagement and offers huge potential for delivery of a limited intervention around organ donation at pace and scale. Further understanding of NHS staff awareness of and opinions to the change in organ donation legislation is warranted. Trial Registration#conversations was prospectively registered with the ISRCTN on 23/01/2019.ISRCTN 36338010IRAS project ID 233611
Transcriptome Analysis to Identify the Potential Role of Long non-coding RNAs in Enteric Glial Cells under Hyperglycemia
Authors: Zhu Xuping , Li Yanyu , Zhu Xue , Jiang Yanmin , Zhu Xiaowei , Xu Xiang , Liu Chao , Ni Chengming , Xu Lan , Wang Ke
Published: December 2020

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, which has just been reported to have a relation to enteric glial cells (EGCs). However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, especially EGCs-related gastrointestinal dysfunction, has never been reported.
Methods

RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) was used to screen the differential lncRNAs and mRNAs in EGCs under hyperglycemia (300 mmol L− 1 high glucose).
Results

Totally 4678 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 6244 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) were obtained. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed significant differences. 2910 and 1549 co-expressed mRNAs were respectively expressed in up-regulated and down-regulated DE lncRNA target genes. Several up- or down-regulated lncRNAs were at the key junction points of the regulatory network. Protein-protein interaction networks showed highly connected clusters were TP53, AKT1, Casp9, Casp8, Casp3, TNF, etc, which are known closely related to apoptosis. FLRT3, Fras1, and other related target genes, which revealed the potential function of lncRNAs, may be important targets for differential lncRNAs to regulate the apoptosis of glial cells induced by hyperglycemia.
Conclusion

In this study, the involvement of lncRNAs in EGCs under hyperglycemia was analyzed using transcriptome analysis.
Evaluation of clinical value and potential mechanism of MTFR2 in lung adenocarcinoma via bioinformatics
Authors: Chen Cheng , Tang Yang , Qu Wendong , Han Xu , Zuo Jiebin , Cai Qingyong , Xu Gang , Song Yongxiang , Ke Xixian
Published: December 2020

Background

Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 (MTFR2) was involved in the progression and development of various cancers. However, the relationship between MTFR2 with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) had not been reported. Herein, this study analyzed the clinical significance and potential mechanisms of MTFR2 in LUAD via bioinformatic tools.
Results

We found that the level of MTFR2 was increased, and correlated with sex, age, smoking history, neoplasm staging, histological subtype and TP53 mutation status in LUAD patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed LUAD patients with increased MTFR2 had a poor prognosis. In addition, univariate COX regression analysis showed neoplasm staging, T stage, distant metastasis and MTFR2 level were risk factors for the prognosis of LUAD. A total of 1127 genes were coexpressed with MTFR2, including 840 positive and 208 negative related genes. KEGG and GSEA found that MTFR2 participated in the progression of LUAD by affecting cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination, p53 signaling pathway and other mechanisms. The top 10 coexpressed genes, namely CDK1, CDC20, CCNB1, PLK1, CCNA2, AURKB, CCNB2, BUB1B, MAD2L1 and BUB1 were highly expressed, and were associated with poor prognosis in LUAD.
Conclusions

Consequently, we elucidated MTFR2 was a biomarker for diagnosis and poor prognosis in LUAD, and might participate in the progression of LUAD via affecting cell cycle, DNA replication, homologous recombination and p53 signaling pathway.
Subsequent Cholecystectomy Is The Most Important Factor for Recurrent Biliary Event-Free Survival in High-Risk Acute Cholecystitis Patients after Gallbladder Drainage
Authors: Wang Chi-Chih , Tsai Ming-Chang , Huang Yen-Pin , Huang Wen-Hsin , Tsai Tsung-Yu , Sung Wen-Wei , Yang Tzu-Wei , Lin Jaw- Town , Lin Chun-Che , Yen Hsu-Heng
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Cholelithiasis is a disease with increasing prevalence over the decades. Gallbladder drainage is an alternative choice in critically ill patients who cannot tolerate early surgery for acute cholecystitis. In previous data, early or delayed cholecystectomy leads to less recurrent biliary events comparing to using a wait-and-see strategy. We wondered if the subsequent cholecystectomy strategy is the most important factor to improve recurrent biliary event-free survival after gallbladder drainage. The present study aimed to explore the most important factor to improve the clinical outcome after percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage.Methods: We studied 211 adult acute cholecystitis patients who received percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage during index admission between July 2017 and December 2018 in Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Changhua Christian Hospital. Patients who died during the index admission or lost follow-up within 30 days were excluded. We further divided these patients into those who received subsequent cholecystectomy within 2 months and those who received no cholecystectomy within 2 months. Recurrent biliary events, mortality and biliary event-related mortality were compared. Multivariate analysis was applied to find the most important factors of recurrent biliary event-free survival.Results: There were 8 cases (13.6%) in the subsequent cholecystectomy group that experienced recurrent biliary events, while 39 cases (32.2%) experienced recurrent biliary events in the no cholecystectomy within 2 months group. The proportion and average recurrent biliary events per person were all significantly lower in the subsequent cholecystectomy group. The recurrent biliary event-related mortality difference is insignificant. The most decisive factor to determine recurrent biliary event-free survival is whether a subsequent cholecystectomy performed or not (HR:0.485, 95% CI: 0.250-0.941, p=0.032).Conclusion: Subsequent cholecystectomy can decrease further recurrent biliary events and improve recurrent biliary event-free survival in high risk patients with acute cholecystitis that accepted percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage initially.
Weight Change and Its Predictors among Newly Initiated ART Clients in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia, July 2020. Longitudinal Data Analysis
Authors: Fentaw Zinabu , Dewau Reta , Chanie Muluken , Melaku Mequannent , Yalew Melaku , Arefaynie Mastewal , Deres Gedamnesh , Amsalu Erkihun , kefyale Bereket , Muche Amare , Adane Bezawit , Damtie Yitayish , Ayele Wolde , Adane Metadel
Published: December 2020

Background

The weight of HIV/AIDS patients is one of the classifications WHO clinical staging of the diseases. A positive weight change in antiretroviral therapy patients is one of the expected clinical outcomes within a few months after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in previously naïve patients. But the weight change varies across clients, and the reason for this variation and the effect of time-varying clinical profiles on the weight of the clients is not well investigated.
Method:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Dessie City Health Facility in July 2020. The data were collected using a simple random sampling method in adult antiretroviral therapy clients who were enrolled to care between January to June 2019. Totally, 58 charts were reviewed within three months interval for 6 consecutive observations per chart. The data were entered into Epi-data, and analyzed using Stata 14. The effect of Panel and random effect model was assessed using Breusch and Pagan and Hausman's test, respectively. Finally, the Random Effect Generalize Least Square model was fitted, and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as the predictors of weight change.
Result

A total of 58 clients chart with 322 observations were assessed and the mean age (standard deviation) of participants were 37 (10) and 30 (51.7%) of them were female clients. The absence of opportunistic infection (β:1.85; 95% CI:0.66–3.03) the interaction of opportunistic infection and months on Antiretroviral Therapy (β:0.09; 95% CI:0.05–0.13) and advanced WHO clinical stage (β: -3.52; 95% CI: -6.71-(-0.34)) were significantly associated with the weight of adult Antiretroviral Therapy user overtime.
Conclusion

There is a significant positive weight change after imitation of Antiretroviral Therapy. The absence of opportunistic infection and its interaction with time have a positive change on the weight of adult Antiretroviral Therapy clients whereas, experiencing advanced WHO stage disease over time has a negative effect on the weight change.
Exosomal miRNA-21-5p derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote osteosarcoma cell proliferation and invasion by targeting PIK3R1
Authors: Qi Jin , Zhang Ruihao , Wu Zuolong , Xia Yayi
Published: December 2020

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent cells that can release a large number of exosomes which act as paracrine mediators in tumor associated microenvironment. However, the role of MSC-derived exosomes in pathogenesis and progression of cancer cells especially osteosarcoma has not yet been thoroughly clarified until now. In this study, we established a co-culture model for human bone marrow derived MSCs with osteosarcoma U2OS and MG63 cells, then extraction of exosomes from induced MSCs and study the role of MSC-derived exosomes in the progression of osteosarcoma cell. It was the aim of this study to address potential cell biological effects between MSCs and osteosarcoma cell. we found that MSC-derived exosomes can significantly promote osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion. we also found that miR-21-5p were significantly overexpressed in human bone marrow MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes compared with that of human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB1.19 by using quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells U2OS and MG63 were significantly enhanced by MSC-derived exosomes that were transfected with miR-21-5p. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays validated the targeted relationship between exosomal miR‐21-5p and PIK3R1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21-5p-abundant exosomes derived human bone marrow MSCs could activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by suppressing PIK3R1 expression in osteosarcoma cells U2OS and MG63. In conclusion, Our findings provide new insight into the interaction between MSCs and osteosarcoma cells in tumor associated microenvironment. Notably, the use of a miR-21-5p inhibitor has an excellent restraining effect on osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion, which provides therapeutic potential for osteosarcoma in future clinical medicine.
A Clinical Characters and Prognosis Analysis on 15 Cases With Malignant Melanoma in the Head and Neck
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Liu Weixian , Wang Qiuxu
Published: December 2020

Objective: We analyze the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and histological feature of Malignant Melanoma in the head and neck. To improve the understanding and help the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. As a result, improve the treatment and prognosis of Malignant Melanoma in head and neck.Method: We collect 15 cases of Malignant Melanoma in the head and neck region treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. All data were obtained from patient’s medical records which including the pathogenesis, clinical and histological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Result: This study included 15 cases, there are 9 male and 6 female patients. The average age is 62.9 years lid, the oldest one is 75 years old and the youngest one is 40 years old. 2 cases occurred in the lip, 2 cases occurred in the tongue, 2 cases occurred in the submandibular area, 1 cases occurred in the parotid gland, 1 case occurred in the neck, other 7 cases occurred in the gingiva. The cases occurred in the lip, gingiva, tongue, parotid gland and submandibular area are primary tumor, cases occurred in neck were metastasis. 6 cases were treated by surgical excision. 1 cases occurred in gingiva was treated by surgical excision combine with chemotherapy. 5 years followed up has been taken. 10 cases were dead because of recurrence and metastasis in 5 years after the operation. 5 patients do not have a relapse and still alive.Conclusion: Malignant Melanoma in the head and neck are mostly affected the old people. In this study gingiva is the most commonly primary site, neck is the most commonly transferring site. The diagnosis of malignant Melanoma is mainly relying on the clinical manifestation and pathological examination. Histopathological examination is considered the golden standard for diagnosis. Surgical excision combined with chemotherapy is the main treatment modality for Malignant Melanoma. Cryotherapy and immunotherapy also have been used in the treatment. The prognosis of Malignant Melanoma is poor. So early detection and early treatment is important in the treatment.
A cross-sectional study clarifying profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy: reasons and consequences.
Authors: Tominaga Yoshiko , Morisky Donald , Mochizuki Mayumi
Published: December 2020

Background: Although diabetes is one of the fastest increasing diseases in prevalence worldwide and demands significant medical resources, more than half of all patients with diabetes do not achieve the expected target level of blood glucose. As a potential cause of poor glycemic control, insufficient adherence to medication has long been discussed and variably studied. However, dropout from treatment as another plausible cause has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify profiles of patients with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy (Discont group) by extracting reasons of their decisions and by comparing results with those who continued (Cont group).Methods: A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted among Japanese with diabetes registered in a database. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of the 8-item version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and demographic and disease characteristics was completed by all participants. Reasons for medication discontinuation and resumption were also received from participants in the Discont group. To examine the risk of uncontrolled HbA1c, logistic regression analysis was conducted in each group.Results: In the Discont group (148 cases), older age at resumption of pharmacotherapy and current smoking habit increased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c, whereas in the Cont group (146 cases), a familial history of diabetes and better medication adherence in MMAS-8 scores decreased the probability of uncontrolled HbA1c. A relationship between medication adherence and HbA1c level was seen in the Cont but not in the Discont group. About 70% of those in the Discont group made their decision to terminate diabetes treatment without consulting physicians.Conclusions: Those who discontinued pharmacotherapy were less adherent to medication than those who did not discontinue. Risk factors for glycemic control also differed between those who discontinued and those who did not. More than one-third of participants with diabetes who discontinued pharmacotherapy had inappropriate perceptions of their disease, which medical professionals should be aware of for better inventions.
The promotion of Festuca sinensis heavy metal stress tolerance mediated by Epichloë endophyte
Authors: Wang Meining , Tian Pei , Gao Min , Li Miaomiao
Published: December 2020

Background: Festuca sinensis is a perennial grass of the genus Festuca, which has strong stress tolerance and high adaptability. F. sinensis normally symbiotic with Epichloë endophyte. In order to evaluate the possibility of F. sinensis-endophyte association as bioremediation grass in heavy metal polluted soils, the effects and mechanism of the F. sinensis-endophyte interaction under heavy metal stress was investigated. Results: The growth performance and physiology variations of F. sinensis with (E+) and without endophyte (E-) were evaluated after they were subjected to Zn2+ and Cd2+ treatments. The results showed that heavy metal treatments had significant effects on plants as the growth indices of plants under Zn2+ and Cd2+ treatments had significant differences compared with plants under control treatment (P<0.05). Zn2+ treatment had positive effects on plants whereas Cd2+ treatment had negative effects. The plants under Cd2+ treatment produced more lolitrem B (P<0.05). Endophyte increased host heavy metal stress tolerance by promoting host growth as the E+ plants had significantly higher plant height, tiller number, root length (P<0.05). Endophyte also promoted host Zn2+ ion absorbing and induced more endogenous hormone production (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggested that Epichloë regulated host growth and physiology to improve association tolerance to environmental conditions.
A Case of Primary Hepatic Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) type Treated by Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) and Literature Review.
Authors: Xu Zhe , Pang Chong , Sui Jidong , Gao Zhenming
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPrimary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extremely rare liver malignancy and is usually lack characteristic imaging findings, which is often misdiagnosed. Case presentationThe present study reports a case of a 63-year-old woman diagnosed with primary hepatic extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. The patient received the needle biopsy and radiofrequency ablation and has not shown relapse up for the following 12 months.ConclusionsThis case is reported for its rarity and the treatment for this patient is unique and effective. Our case provides a new option for the treatment of hepatic MALT lymphoma. We also present our findings from a systematic review to improve our current understanding of the disease.
Analysis of Clinicopathological Factors Affecting the Prognosis of Advanced Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Dai Qian , Zhao Yueshui , Xiang Shixin , Xiao Mintao , Du Fukuan , Ji Huijiao , Kaboli Parham Jabbarzadeh , Wu Xu , Li Mingxing , Wen Qinglian , Li Jing , Xiao Zhangang , Shen Jing , Li Li
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe clinical data of more than 900 patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed for the first time and treated with radical chemoradiotherapy in recent 9 years were analyzed to find important prognostic factors in advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and provide statistics for future research. MethodThe patients were divided into two groups: chemoradiotherapy resistant group and chemoradiotherapy sensitive group. The survival rate and prognostic factors were analyzed using R language. ResultThere was considerable difference in overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) between the two groups, of which the chemoradiotherapy sensitive group is about 10 months longer than the resistant group. In the chemoradiotherapy resistant group, there were more patients with higher staging, higher NLR(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), lymph node metastasis, and a total radiotherapy time of more than 8 weeks. For the factors affecting chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, radiotherapy alone rather than simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, late tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and a total time of radiotherapy more than 8 weeks predicts lower sensitivity. ConclusionThe main clinical factors affecting chemoradiotherapy sensitivity were tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and the total time of radiotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy sensitivity, tumor diameter, NLR, PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio) and total time of radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS.
Synthesis of Multi-organo-functionalized Fibrous silica KCC-1 for Highly Efficient Adsorption of Acid Fuchsine and acid Orange II from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Soltani Roozbeh , Pelalak Rasool , Pishnamazi Mahboubeh , Marjani Azam , Shirazian Saeed
Published: December 2020

Multi-functionalized fibrous silica KCC-1 (MF-KCC-1) bearing amine, tetrasulfide, and thiol groups was synthesized via a post-functionalization method and fully characterized by several methods such as FTIR, FESEM, EDX-Mapping, TEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Due to abundant surface functional groups, accessible active adsorption sites, high surface area (572 m2 g− 1), large pore volume (0.98 cm3 g− 1), and unique fibrous structure, mesoporous MF-KCC-1 was used as a potential adsorbent for the uptake of acid fuchsine (AF) and acid orange II (AO) from water. Different adsorption factors such as pH of the dye solution, the amount of adsorbent, initial dye concentration, and contact time, affecting the uptake process were optimized and isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted to find the possible mechanism involved in the process. for both AF and AO dyes, the Langmuir isotherm model and the PFO kinetic model show the most agreement with the experimental data. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for AF and AO, according to the Langmuir isotherm, was found to be 574.5 mg g− 1 and 605.9 mg g− 1, respectively, surpassing most adsorption capacities reported until now which is indicative of the high potential of mesoporous MF-KCC-1 as an adsorbent for removal applications.
Increased Trimethylamine N-oxide Contributes to Metabolic dysfunction in a Rat Model of PCOS and Decreases Mitochondrial function
Authors: Jiayu Huang , Jiaying Liu , Hanke Zhang , Yajie Li , Yin Minuo , Guo Jing , Li Chong , Qin Yinhua , Li Jingyu , Gao Ying
Published: December 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in adolescents and women of childbearing age, also a common cause of female infertility. In recent years, studies have found that the occurrence of PCOS is related to changes in the intestinal flora. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the relationship between TMAO and PCOS remain mostly unexplored. The effects of TMAO on PCOS were assessed in vitro and in vivo. In a PCOS rat model, plasma TMAO, hormone and PI3K signaling levels were examined. In the process of in vitro maturation (IVM), immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to detect the influence of adding different TMAO concentrations to the culture medium on oocytes. The fasting insulin (FINS), HOMA-IR, luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and plasma TMAO levels of the PCOS rat group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Treatment with the TMAO inhibitor 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) alleviated metabolic disorder in PCOS rats. In PCOS rats, DMB improved the PI3K/Akt-related signaling pathway compared to no treatment. In IVM, the mitochondria of oocytes in the TMAO groups were aggregated and distributed, and mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content were decreased. Apoptosis was more severe in the TMAO group than in the control group. TMAO worsened metabolic dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS and decreased the mitochondrial function of oocytes in the process of IVM.
WITHDRAWN: Posterior Temporary Fixation of C1-2 Screw-rod System for Unstable C1 Burst Fracture
Authors: Chen Yun-lin , Hu Xu-dong , Wang Yang , Jiang Wei-yu , Ma Wei-hu
Published: December 2020

Background Whether an unstable C1 burst fracture should be treated surgically or conservatively is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and motion-preserving function of temporary fixation of C1-2 screw-rod system for the reduction and fixation of unstable C1 burst fracture (type 3 and 4 according to the Gehweiler classification).Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who were treated with posterior temporary C1-C2 fixation. We assessed age at surgery, gender, pre- and post-operative VAS, NDI, atlanto-dens interval, lateral mass distance and rotation function of C1-C2 complex.Results 6 males and 4 females were included in our study. The average follow-up duration was 14.1± 1.37 months. The left-to-right ROMs of C1-C2 rotation was 9.6±1.42°. The pre-operative cervical VAS was 8.30±0.48; the post-operative cervical VAS of C1-C2 fusion was 2.90±0.57. The pre-operative VAS for removal was 2.0±0.00, the post-operative VAS for removal was 2.3±0.48; The pre-operative cervical NDI was 81.40%±2.07%, the post-operative cervical NDI of C1-C2 fusion was 18.10%±1.52%. The preoperative NDI for removal was 15.9%±1.20%, The post-operative NDI for removal was 14.5%±1.08%. The pre-operative ADI was 4.43±0.34mm, post-operative ADI was 1.94±0.72mm. The pre-operative LMD was 6.36±0.58mm, post-operative LMD was 1.64±0.31mm.Conclusion Posterior temporary C1-2 fixation can achieve a good fusion, satisfied reduction of C1 burst fracture, relieve the pain, improve the cervical function outcome, but may reduce the rotational ROM of C1-2. Temporary C1- C2 fixation is an alternative technique to manage the C1 burst fracture, but the need for implant removal needs to be questioned. For patients with CT scan before implant removal showing spontaneous fusion, they may potentially not profit from implant removal.
Pressure Change Of Fixed Rotational Deformities In The Femur In Human Cadaver Knees-A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Yuwen Peizhi , Lv Hongzhi , Zhu Yanbin , Chang Wenli , Wei Ning , Guo Jialiang , Wang Haicheng , Ding Kai , Zhang Yingze , Chen Wei
Published: December 2020

Objective: To reveal the contact pressure change on tibial plateau in malalignment femur. Methods: Fourteen adult cadaver were selected, after autopsy, 14 cadaveric knee were established and fixed at neutral position (0°, anatomically reduced), 5°, 10°, 15° of external rotation, and 5°, 10°, 15° of internal rotation. Connect the rotatory fixation model on the biomechanical machine and apply a vertical load to 400N. The contact pressure on medial and lateral tibial plateau was quantitatively measured using ultra-low-pressure sensitive film technology. FPD-305E density meter and FPD-306E pressure converter were used to read relative pressure value. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The medial group show a significant difference on tibial plateau ( F =92.114, P <0.01), further test showed statistically significant differences of pairwise comparisons between 0°, 5°, 10°, 15° internal rotation deformity ( P <0.05). There is no significant difference in lateral group ( c 2 =9.967, P <0.01). The medial contact pressure is 0.940±0.177 MPa and the lateral is 1.008±0.219 MPa at neutral position, no statistically significant was found, so is 5° of internal rotational deformity. But the medial contact pressure are all higher than the lateral side at 5°, 10°, 15° of external rotation, and 10°, 15° of internal rotation. Conclusion: Obvious contact pressure changes on tibial plateau were observed in rotatory deformity femur, which is closely related to the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis. Doctors should detect rotational deformity as much as possible during operation and perform anatomical reduction, for patients with residual rotational deformities, indication of osteotomy should not be too broad.
Effect of Resin Infiltration on Bleached Enamel: An In Vitro Evaluation of Micromorphology, Resin Penetration and Microhardness
Authors: Wei Zhen , Lu Yanhui , Wang Weidong , Gan Jiawen , Yang xuechao
Published: December 2020

Background: Tooth bleaching is a promising aesthetic treatment for shaded teeth; however, demineralized lesions also occur after bleaching, and Icon resin can infiltrate into the demineralized lesions and then improve the color of teeth. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration on bleached teeth that are managed with different protocols by assessing the micromorphology of enamel surfaces, the depth of resin penetration and the microhardness of enamel after bleaching and Icon resin infiltration.Methods: A total of 150 noncarious premolars with sound coronal structure, which were extracted for orthodontic purposes, were obtained in this study in three parts: part Ⅰ“micromorphology of enamel surfaces”（n=60）；part II“observation the depth of the resin penetration”（n=30)；part III “Vickers hardness number values”（n=60). Both part Ⅰ and part III were divided into six subgroups. Part II was divided into three subgroups. 10 samples per subgroup. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0, Mann-Whitney test.Results: The surface roughness of the teeth increased after bleaching. When etched with 15 % HCl before the resin infiltration, it would result in further increase in roughness, but the surface of the bleached teeth could be as smooth as that of normal teeth after resin infiltration. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean resin penetration depth of the bleached teeth with 5-day delay of resin infiltration over the bleached teeth with resin infiltration immediately (Mann-Whitney test, P<0.05). Otherwise，the VHN values of delayed ones were similar to the normal one.Conclusions: It suggested that Icon resin infiltration treatment should be delayed after tooth bleaching but not performed right after tooth bleaching.
Cell Wall Strengthening and Remodeling Provide New Insights on Sclerotia Development of Medicinal Fungus Polyporus Umbellatus
Authors: Li Bing , Sun Le , Xing Yongmei , Liu Liu , Guo Shunxing
Published: December 2020

Sclerotium is a special form of many species of fungi and cell wall thickening is a common phenomenon in sclerotium. Rational manipulation of sclerotium would be an innovative approach for pathogenic control as well as for medicinal fungal resource revival. Sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus were used to treat multiple human diseases. However, the mechanism of thickened cell wall (TCW) is still unclear. In this study, Sequential Windowed Acquisition of all THeoretical fragment ions spectra-MS (SWATH-MS) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) technology were introduced to demonstrate biomarkers at protein level associated with TCW as sclerotia development from initial sclerotia (IS) to developmental and mature sclerotia (DS and MS). 72 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were associated with TCW, and evidence supported presence and accumulation of chitin, glycan, xylcan and hydrophobins in the cell wall of P. umbellatus sclerotia. Puctg112, a new hydrophobin in P. umbellatus expressed up sharply with DS/IS 119.85 and MS/IS 128.17, and located at cell wall and septum of hypha in sclerotia by immune colloidal gold technique. In addition, sclerotial cell wall could be remodeled via O-mannosylation, O-fucosylation and deacetylation to strengthen cell wall. This study provides new insights on fungal cell wall especially to sclerotia-formed fungus.
Extremity Tourniquet Training at High Seas
Authors: Yánez Carlos , Ribeiro Marcelo , Khan Mansoor , Lorente Teófilo , Asensio Esther , López José Antonio , Martínez Isabel , Blas Juan L , Güemes Antonio
Published: December 2020

BackgroundFuture navy officers require unique training for emergency medical response in the isolated maritime environment. The authors issued a workshop on injury classification and extremity bleeding control, using four different commercial extremity tourniquets onboard a training sail ship. The purpose was to assess participants' perceptions of this educational experience and evaluate application simplicity while navigating on high seas.MethodsA descriptive observational study was conducted as part of a workshop issued to volunteer sailors. A post-workshop survey collected participants` perceptions about the workshops' content usefulness and adequacy, tourniquet safety, application simplicity in high seas, and device preference. The studied variables were measured on a one-to-ten Likert scale, while tourniquet preference by frequency count. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the studied variables, and application simplicity means compared using the ANOVA test (p<0,05).ResultsFifty-one Spanish training naval officers, aged from 20-21, perceived workshop content usefulness, adequacy, and safety level in high sea use at 8.6/10, 8.7/10, and 7.5/10, respectively. As for application simplicity, CAT and SAM-XT were rated equally with a mean of 8.5, followed by SWAT (7.9) and RATS (6.9). The only statistical difference found was for the RATS (p<0.01). Windlass models were preferred by 94%, and elastic tourniquets by 6%. ConclusionsThe training sail ship extremity bleeding control workshop was perceived as useful and its content adequate by the participating midshipmen. Windlass tourniquet types were regarded as easier to apply than elastics models and were the preferred model by nine out of every ten participants.
RNA-sequencing Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Moxibustion on Neutrophil Gene Expression Profile During Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: JI Yajie , ZHANG Xinyue , LI Siyu , SHA Shanyan , CHEN Weili , LIU Yu , HUANG Yan , XUE Xiaohong , Wu Huangan
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMoxibustion is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy that can prevent neutropenia after breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy. We aimed to explore the mechanism of moxibustion for treating BC chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN).MethodsFifty patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy and who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into an intervention (IT) group and control (OC) group. After excluding cases, there were 14 cases in the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) group and 17 cases in the verification group. Neutrophils were extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients in both groups before and after chemotherapy. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis were performed in RNA-seq group. The verification group were verified using real time quantity polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).ResultsRNA-seq screened 1092 DEGs before and after chemotherapy in the OC group, and 571 DEGs in the IT group. Compared with the OC group, the IT group had 707 DEGs after chemotherapy. The effect of moxibustion on the patients’ neutrophil gene expression profiles was related to the cell adhesion, adaptive immune response and metabolic pathways, and leukocyte migration, etc. The co-network results showed that TSC22D1 and TGFB1I1 have core regulatory function. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis suggested a close correlation with the TGFβ1/TSC22D1-mediated cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) pathway. RT-qPCR showed that CD177 in the neutrophils was significantly upregulated after chemotherapy compared with that before chemotherapy (P < 0.05) without moxibustion, while TSC22D1 showed a downward trend (P = 0.094). Moxibustion significantly increased the expression of TSC22D1, ANKFY1, and ITGB3 in the neutrophils (P < 0.05) after BC chemotherapy.ConclusionThe mechanism of moxibustion in improving CIN may be related to the regulation of the TSC22D1 expression profile in neutrophil. We present a novel insight into the mechanism of moxibustion treatment of CIN in patients with BC.Trial registration﻿Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-INR-16009557. Registered 23 October 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=16203.
The Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Oxidative Stress Induced by Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs
Authors: Salavati Sina , Mogheiseh Asghar , Nazifi Saeed , Amiri Atefeh , Nikahval Behrooz
Published: December 2020

Background: As one of the most common surgeries performed in veterinary medicine, ovariohysterectomy (OHE) can induce stress in dogs. The antioxidant properties of melatonin have been confirmed in various studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin administration on oxidative stress in dogs before and after OHE. In this study, 25 mature female intact dogs were selected and randomly divided into five equal groups: Melatonin, OHE, melatonin+OHE+melatonin, melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin, and control groups. Melatonin (0.3 mg/Kg/day, p.o.) was administrated to the dogs in the melatonin, melatonin+OHE+melatonin, and melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin groups on days -1, 1, 2, and 3 (day 0=OHE). Blood sampling was performed on days -1, 1, 3, and 5 of the study. Blood samples were immediately transferred to the laboratory and sera were separated and stored at -20 °C. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) concentrations were significantly higher in the melatonin and melatonin+anesthesia+melatonin groups compared to those of the control group. Results: The level of antioxidant enzymes significantly decreased in the OHE group compared to that of other groups. The administration of melatonin increased the level of antioxidant enzymes in ovariohysterectomized dogs. OHE significantly increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison to that of other groups. Melatonin administration significantly decreased the level of MDA in intact, anesthetized, and ovariohysterectomized dogs. Conclusions: It can be stated that the administration of melatonin one day before and during one week after OHE could control oxidative stress in dogs with increased antioxidant enzymes and decreased MDA levels.
Evaluation of a Collaborative Model for Successful Implementation of a National CD4 Enumeration EQA Program in Cameroon
Authors: Sagnia Bertrand , Adrienne Meyers FA , Margot Plews , DIALLO TAMSIR , Sandra Kiazyk , Martin Sosso Samuel , Georgia Ambada , Nadesh Nji , Paul Sandstrom , Blake Ball T , Godwin Nchinda , Alexis Ndjolo
Published: December 2020

Background: Participation in an EQA program is critical to the quality assurance process. Reliable and precise CD4 T-cells enumeration are essential to improve the clinical management of patients by evaluating the disease progression and by monitoring the effectiveness of ART in HIV-patients.Methods: The CIRCB, CD4 reference laboratory, in collaboration with the Canadian QASI-program, recruited sites, distributed and analyzed CD4-panels in 61 sites across the country. A trend and performance analysis in the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases was performed. Results: Continuous training and corrective actions carried out from 2014 to 2018 increased the number of participating sites from 15 to 61 sites, the number of unacceptable results decreased from 50% to 10%. Specific challenges included errors in pre analytic (17.5%), analytic (77.0%) and post-analytic (5.5%) phases. Conclusion: This EQA requires the application of good laboratory practices, continuous training, application of specific on-site corrective measures, and timely equipment maintenance in order to avoid repetitive errors and to increase laboratory performance. It could be extended to other HIV-1 testing like viral load and EID point-of-care. Partnership with QASI serve as a model for implementation of a successful EQA model for resource limited countries wanting to implement EQA for HIV testing and monitoring in alignment with 90-90-90 targets.
A Regional Survey of Awareness of Inflammatory Bowel Disease among the Saudi Population
Authors: Meeralam Yaser , Zanabgi Adnan Al , Mahmoud Mosily , Qari Yusuf , Saedi Mona Al , Tashkhandi Abdulaziz , Eliouny Mohmoud , Neyazi Abdulwahab , Alhazmi Ghadeer , Shariff Mohammed Kareemulla
Published: December 2020

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common among different age groups worldwide, Including the gulf region. It is categorized into Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis. Early diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease can improve patients' outcomes and reduce the incidence of complications. However, early diagnosis is highly dependent on patients' awareness of the disease to seek medical advice. This study aims to survey the awareness IBD in the general population of the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A self-administered structured questionnaire was translated into Arabic and distributed to the general public above 16 years old. The questionnaire included questions about Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis and their treatment, in addition to the respondents' demographic data. Results: 1304 participants responded to this survey. 29% had not heard or read about Crohn's disease, while 19% of the responders had not heard or read about Ulcerative colitis. The mean awareness level score was 1.72±1.19, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 3. Females showed a significantly higher average score compared to males (p-value < 0.001). Also, the age group between 31 to 40 had the highest average score (p value=0.002). Moreover, responders, who had a Ph.D., showed significantly higher mean scores than the other educational degrees (p value<0.001). Responders who dealt with Crohn's disease patient or ulcerative colitis patients, showed significantly higher scores than their peers, with p values < 0.001 for bothConclusion: The general population in Saudi Arabia has an unacceptable level of awareness of inflammatory bowel disease. Males, young adults, highly educated individuals who dealt with patients previously had better awareness compared to the rest of the population. National acts are essential to improve public awareness towards the disease.