bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenosides against Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Cheng Zhekang , Zhang Meng , Ling Chengli , Zhu Ying , Ren Hongwei , Hong Chao , Qin Jing , Liu Tongxiang , Wang Jianxin
Published: March 2019

Ginseng has been used worldwide as traditional medicine for thousands of years, and ginsenosides have been proved to be the main active components for their various pharmacological activities. Based on their structures, ginsenosides can be divided into ginseng diol-type A and ginseng triol-type B with different pharmacological effects. In this study, six ginsenosides, namely ginsenoside Rb1, Rh2, Rg3, Rg5 as diol-type ginseng saponins, and Rg1 and Re as triol-type ginseng saponins, which were reported to be effective for ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) treatment, were chosen to compare their protective effects on cerebral I/R injury, and their mechanisms were studied by in vitro and in vivo experiments. It was found that all ginsenosides could reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit apoptosis and increase mitochondrial membrane potential in cobalt chloride-induced (CoCl2-induced) PC12 cells injury model, and they could reduce cerebral infarction volume, brain neurological dysfunction of I/R rats in vivo. The results of immunohistochemistry and western blot showed that the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), silencing information regulator (SIRT1) and nuclear transcription factor P65 (NF-κB) in hippocampal CA1 region of some ginsenoside groups were also reduced. In general, the effect on cerebral ischemia of Rb1 and Rg3 was significantly improved compared with the control group, and was the strongest among all the ginsenosides. The effect on SIRT1 activation of ginsenoside Rb1 and the inhibition effect of TLR4/MyD88 protein expression of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 were significantly stronger than that of other groups. The results indicated that ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rh2, Rg3, Rg5 and Re were effective in protecting the brain against ischemic injury, and ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg3 have the strongest therapeutic activities in all the tested ginsenosides. Their neuroprotective mechanism is associated with TLR4/MyD88 and SIRT1 activation signaling pathways, and they can reduce cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional activity and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Pressure-Dependent Structural and Luminescence Properties of 1-(Pyren-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-one
Authors: Makal Anna , Krzeszczakowska Joanna , Gajda Roman
Published: March 2019

The crystal structure of 1-(pyren-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-one ( 1 a , a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon displaying enhanced luminescence in the solid state, has been re-determined at several pressures ranging from atmospheric up to 3 GPa using a Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC). These experiments were augmented by periodic DFT calculations at pressures up to 4.4 GPa. UV-Vis fluorescence of 1 a at non-ambient pressures has also been investigated. The crystal structure consists of infinite π -stacks of anti-parallel 1 a molecules with discernible dimers, which may exemplify aggregates formed by pyrene derivatives in solution and thin films, and is predominantly stabilized by dispersion. The average inter-planar distance between individual molecules within π -stacks decreases with pressure in the investigated range. This results in piezochromic properties of 1 a : a red-shift of sample color, as well as a bathochromic shift of fluorescence with pressure (by ca. 100 nm at 3.5 GPa). Two-component fluorescence spectra support the hypothesis that at least two types of excimers are involved in the electronic excitation processes in crystalline 1 a .
Triterpene Acid and Phenolics from Ancient Apples of Friuli Venezia Giulia as Nutraceutical Ingredients: LC-MS Study and In Vitro Activities
Authors: Sut Stefania , Zengin Gokhan , Maggi Filippo , Malagoli Mario , Dall’Acqua Stefano
Published: March 2019

Triterpene acid and phenolic constituents from nine ancient varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits cultivated in Fanna, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeast Italy, were analyzed and compared with four commercial apples (‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Royal Gala’). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The quali-quantitative fingerprint of secondary metabolites including triterpene acid was obtained by LC-DAD-(ESI)-MS and LC-(APCI)-MS, respectively. Based on the two LC-MS datasets, multivariate analysis was used to compare the composition of ancient fruit varieties with those of four commercial apples. Significant differences related mainly to the pattern of triterpene acids were found. Pomolic, euscaphyc, maslinic and ursolic acids are the most abundant triterpene in ancient varieties pulps and peels, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were prevalent in the commercial fruits. Also, the content of the phenolic compounds phloretin-2-O-xyloglucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside was greater in ancient apple varieties. The antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) of the samples were investigated in vitro. Antioxidant assays showed that the peels were more active than pulps. However, all the samples exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory effects. Ancient Friuli Venezia Giulia apple cultivars can be a source of chlorogenic acid and various triterpene acids, which are known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity and beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results make these ancient varieties suitable for the development of new nutraceutical ingredients.
Extracts from Fermented Black Garlic Exhibit a Hepatoprotective Effect on Acute Hepatic Injury
Authors: Tsai Jen-Chieh , Chen Yi-An , Wu Jung-Tsung , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Lai Ping-Shan , Liu Keng-Fan , Lin Yung-Kai , Huang Yu-Tsang , Hsieh Chang-Wei
Published: March 2019

The mechanism of hepatoprotective compounds is usually related to its antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects. Black garlic is produced from garlic by heat treatment and its anti-inflammatory activity has been previously reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of five different extracts of black garlic against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic injury (AHI). In this study, mice in the control, CCl4, silymarin, and black garlic groups were orally administered distilled water, silymarin, and different fraction extracts of black garlic, respectively, after CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to induce AHI. The results revealed that the n-butanol layer extract (BA) and water layer extract (WS) demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect by reducing the levels of alanine aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the BA and WS fractions of black garlic extract increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and the interleukin-1 (IL-1β) level in liver. It was concluded that black garlic exhibited significant protective effects on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury.
Chemical Reactivity Theory and Empirical Bioactivity Scores as Computational Peptidology Alternative Tools for the Study of Two Anticancer Peptides of Marine Origin
Authors: Frau Juan , Flores-Holguín Norma , Glossman-Mitnik Daniel
Published: March 2019

This work presents an account of the reactivity behavior of the anticancer marine drugs, Soblidotin and Tasidotin, based on the calculation of the global and local descriptors resulting from Chemical Reactivity Theory (CRT), also known as Conceptual DFT, for their consideration as a useful complement to approximations based on Molecular Docking. The information on the global and local reactivity descriptors of the Soblidotin and Tasidotin molecules, obtained through our proposed methodology, may be used for the design of new pharmaceutical analogs by relying on the chemical interactions between these peptides and their protein-type biological receptors. It can be concluded that the CRT approximation to the global and local chemical reactivity, based on the descriptors, can provide interesting information for the consideration of both molecules as potential therapeutic drugs. This is complemented by a study on Advanced Glycation Endproduct (AGE) inhibition, by comparison with the usual molecular systems considered for the task, as a re-purposing study. Finally, the bioactivity scores for Soblidotin and Tasidotin are predicted through an empirical procedure, based on comparison with molecular structures with well-known pharmacological properties.
Three Output Membrane Hydrocyclone: Classification and Filtration
Authors: Lin Jhao-Yi , Wu Rome-Ming
Published: March 2019

In this study, through simulation and experimental verification, we proposed a novel hydrocyclone in which a tubular ceramic membrane passed through the overflow outlet to the underflow outlet. The centers of overflow and underflow outlets were tubular membranes equipped with an exit of outside-in filtration, and the overflow the underflow outlets were shaped into annular (donut shape) exits. Thus, this novel hydrocyclone has three outlets, namely the overflow dilute liquid, the underflow concentrated liquid, and clear filtrate. This system enabled higher dilution of hydrocyclone overflow concentration than that in the traditional system. Furthermore, underflow was more concentrated, and we obtained a clear filtrate. Therefore, this device can simultaneously perform classification and filtration, which is valuable for special liquid recycling. For instance, in wafer cutting fluid recovery in solar energy processes, the fluid with more silicon can function as the overflow, the fluid with more silicon carbide can function as the underflow, and the polyethylene glycol (PEG) organic solvent can function as the clear filtrate.
Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines from the Chinese Loess Plateau Region
Authors: Tang Ke , Xi Yan-Ru , Ma Yue , Zhang Hui-Ning , Xu Yan
Published: March 2019

In this study, the aroma profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from a new grape growing region, Loess Plateau, China, were established by gas chromatography–olfactometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and sensory analysis. The sensory profiles of wines form five different young vineyards in the Loess Plateau region were obtained by descriptive analysis. Blackcurrant (p < 0.01), pear and dried plum (p < 0.05), mushroom, smoked and green pepper (p < 0.1) had significant differences on the five vineyards. A total of 76 odor-active aroma compounds were identified in the wines, and 45 volatile compounds were selected as those having the greatest impact on the aroma components and these were quantitated by five different methods. In addition, the correlation model of the Loess Plateau region’s sensory characteristics and aroma compounds was established by partial least squares regression (PLSR) to determine the influence of various aroma active substances on aroma attributes.
The Effects of Reactant Concentration and Air Flow Rate in the Consumption of Dissolved O2 during the Photochemistry of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid
Authors: Eugene Alexis J. , Guzman Marcelo I.
Published: March 2019

The sunlight photochemistry of the organic chromophore pyruvic acid (PA) in water generates ketyl and acetyl radicals that contribute to the production and processing of atmospheric aerosols. The photochemical mechanism is highly sensitive to dissolved oxygen content, [O2(aq)], among other environmental conditions. Thus, herein we investigate the photolysis (λ ≥ 305 nm) of 10–200 mM PA at pH 1.0 in water covering the relevant range 0 ≤ [O2(aq)] ≤ 1.3 mM. The rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen by the intermediate photolytic radicals is monitored in real time with a dissolved oxygen electrode. In addition, the rate of O2(aq) consumption is studied at air flow rates from 30.0 to 900.0 mL min−1. For the range of [PA]0 covered under air saturated conditions and 30 mL min−1 flow of air in this setup, the estimated half-lives of O2(aq) consumed by the photolytic radicals fall within the interval from 22 to 3 min. Therefore, the corresponding depths of penetration of O2(g) into water (x = 4.3 and 1.6 µm) are determined, suggesting that accumulation and small coarse mode aqueous particles should not be O2-depleted in the presence of sunlight photons impinging this kind of chromophore. These photochemical results are of major tropospheric relevance for understanding the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol.
Resveratrol Inhibits the Migration and Metastasis of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer by Reversing TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhou Qian-Mei , Lu Yi-Yu , Zhang Hui , Chen Qi-Long , Zhao Ming , Su Shi-Bing
Published: March 2019

Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. In the process of cancer development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to promoting the invasion and migration of tumor cells. In a previous study, the role of resveratrol in migration and metastasis was investigated in MDA-MB-231 (MDA231) human breast cancer cells and a xenograft-bearing mouse model. Additionally, the related mechanism was explored. In the present study, in vitro Transwell assays showed that resveratrol can inhibit the migration of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced MDA231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that resveratrol can reduce the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Immunofluorescence was performed to confirm the expression of EMT-related markers. Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that resveratrol changed the expression of the EMT-related markers E-cadherin and vimentin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol decreased the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, Fibronectin, α-SMA, P-PI3K, P-AKT, Smad2, Smad3, P-Smad2, P-Smad3, vimentin, Snail1, and Slug, as well as increased the expression levels of E-cadherin in MDA231 cells. In vivo, resveratrol inhibited lung metastasis in a mouse model bearing MDA231 human breast cancer xenografts without marked changes in body weight or liver and kidney function. These results indicate that resveratrol inhibits the migration of MDA231 cells by reversing TGF-β1-induced EMT and inhibits the lung metastasis of MDA231 human breast cancer in a xenograft-bearing mouse model.
Two-step Synthesis of Solasodine Pivalate from Diosgenin Pivalate
Authors: Wojtkielewicz Agnieszka , Kiełczewska Urszula , Morzycki Jacek W.
Published: March 2019

A two-step synthesis of solasodine pivalate from diosgenin pivalate is described. The key transformation involves the reaction of diosgenin pivalate with benzyl carbamate (CbzNH2) promoted by TMSOTf. During the reaction the F-ring of the spiroketal moiety opens up with a simultaneous introduction of a Cbz-protected amino group in position 26. A one-pot deprotection of 26-amine with AcBr/BuOH followed by the N-cyclization affords solasodine pivalate in 45% overall yield.
A Peptide-Based HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor with Two Tail-Anchors and Palmitic Acid Exhibits Substantially Improved In Vitro and Ex Vivo Anti-HIV-1 Activity and Prolonged In Vivo Half-Life
Authors: Su Shan , Rasquinha Giselle , Du Lanying , Wang Qian , Xu Wei , Li Weihua , Lu Lu , Jiang Shibo
Published: March 2019

Enfuvirtide (T20) is the first U.S. FDA-approved HIV fusion inhibitor-based anti-HIV drug. Its clinical application is limited because of its low potency and short half-life. We previously reported that peptide HP23-E6-IDL, containing both N- and C-terminal anchor-tails, exhibited stronger potency and a better resistance profile than T20. Here we designed an analogous peptide, YIK, by introducing a mutation, T639I, and then a lipopeptide, YIK-C16, by adding palmitic acid (C16) at the C-terminus of YIK. We found that YIK-C16 was 4.4- and 3.6-fold more potent than HP23-E6-IDL and YIK against HIV-1IIIB infection and 13.3- and 10.5-fold more effective than HP23-E6-IDL and YIK against HIV-1Bal infection, respectively. Consistently, the ex vivo anti-HIV-1IIIB activity, as determined by the highest dilution-fold of the serum causing 50% inhibition of HIV-1 infection, of YIK-C16 in the sera of pretreated mice was remarkably higher than that of YIK or HP23-E6-IDL. The serum half-life (t1/2 = 5.9 h) of YIK-C16 was also significantly longer than that of YIK (t1/2 = 1.3 h) and HP23-E6-IDL (t1/2 = 1.0 h). These results suggest that the lipopeptide YIK-C16 shows promise for further development as a new anti-HIV drug with improved anti-HIV-1 activity and a prolonged half-life.
Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends during 2017–2018
Authors: Yu Raymond B. , Quirino Joselito P.
Published: March 2019

Chiral separation is an important process in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. From the analytical chemistry perspective, chiral separation is required for assessing the fit-for-purpose and the safety of chemical products. Capillary electrophoresis, in the electrokinetic chromatography mode is an established analytical technique for chiral separations. A water-soluble chiral selector is typically used. This review therefore examines the use of various chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography during 2017–2018. The chiral selectors were both low and high (macromolecules) molecular mass molecules as well as molecular aggregates (supramolecules). There were 58 papers found by search in Scopus, indicating continuous and active activity in this research area. The macromolecules were sugar-, amino acid-, and nucleic acid-based polymers. The supramolecules were bile salt micelles. The low molecular mass selectors were mainly ionic liquids and complexes with a central ion. A majority of the papers were on the use or preparation of sugar-based macromolecules, e.g., native or derivatised cyclodextrins. Studies to explain chiral recognition of macromolecular and supramolecular chiral selectors were mainly done by molecular modelling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Demonstrations were predominantly on drug analysis for the separation of racemates.
Breast Cancer and miR-SNPs: The Importance of miR Germ-Line Genetics
Authors: Malhotra Poonam , Read Graham H. , Weidhaas Joanne B.
Published: March 2019

Recent studies in cancer diagnostics have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as promising cancer biomarkers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA binding sites, seed regions, and coding sequences can help predict breast cancer risk, aggressiveness, response to stimuli, and prognosis. This review also documents significant known miR-SNPs in miRNA biogenesis genes and their effects on gene regulation in breast cancer, taking into account the genetic background and ethnicity of the sampled populations. When applicable, miR-SNPs are evaluated in the context of other patient factors, including mutations, hormonal status, and demographics. Given the power of miR-SNPs to predict patient cancer risk, prognosis, and outcomes, further study of miR-SNPs is warranted to improve efforts towards personalized medicine.
Development of Environmental Friendly Dust Suppressant Based on the Modification of Soybean Protein Isolate
Authors: Jin Hu , Nie Wen , Zhang Yansong , Wang Hongkun , Zhang Haihan , Bao Qiu , Yan Jiayi
Published: March 2019

Aiming to further improve the dust suppression performance of the dust suppressant, the present study independently develops a new type of biodegradable environmentally-friendly dust suppressant. Specifically, the naturally occurring biodegradable soybean protein isolate (SPI) is selected as the main material, which is subject to an anionic surfactant, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) for modification with the presence of additives including carboxymethylcellulose sodium and methanesiliconic acid sodium. As a result, the SDS-SPI cementing dust suppressant is produced. The present study experimentally tests solutions with eight different dust suppressant concentrations under the same experimental condition, so as to evaluate their dust suppression performances. Key metrics considered include water retention capability, cementing power and dust suppression efficiency. The optimal concentration of dust suppressant solution is determined by collectively comparing these metrics. The experiments indicate that the optimal dust suppressant concentration is 3%, at which level the newly developed environmentally-friendly dust suppressant solution exhibits a decent dust suppression characteristic, with the water retention power reaching its peak level, and the corresponding viscosity being 12.96 mPa·s. This performance can generally meet the requirements imposed by coal mines. The peak efficiency of dust suppression can reach 92.13%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the dust suppression mechanism of the developed dust suppressant. It was observed that a dense hardened shell formed on the surface of the pulverized coal particles sprayed with the dust suppressant. There is strong cementation between coal dust particles, and the cementation effect is better. This can effectively inhibit the re-entrainment of coal dust and reduce environmental pollution.
Target Tracking in Clutter with Extremum Seeking Control for Adaptive Detection Thresholding
Authors: Park Seung Hyo , Song Taek Lyul
Published: March 2019

If the signal strength obtained from sonar is higher than the predefined detection threshold, it is considered as a candidate for target tracking. This detection threshold is a parameter that affects the detection probability of targets and the distribution of clutter measurements, so it is important to determine a proper threshold to improve target tracking performance. There are various techniques for adjusting the detection threshold. To apply these techniques, it is assumed that the probability density functions of the signal strength for clutter are known in advance. However, in a real environment, the probability density function of the signal strength is unknown in general. In this paper, we propose a detection threshold control method using extremum seeking control in realistic environments. The extremum seeking control is a method used in complex nonlinear systems. We propose a new structure for extremum seeking control that is applicable to detection processes with nonlinear characteristics. This structure is used to adjust the detection threshold of the received signal amplitude to make the estimated clutter measurement density converge to a designed clutter measurement density to achieve the best target tracking performance in the current environment. Simulation studies for the proposed extremum seeking control applied to target tracking in an unknown clutter signal distribution demonstrate the effectiveness and improved target tracking performance.
A Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer-Based Resonant Sensor Array for Portable Volatile Organic Compound Detection with Wireless Systems
Authors: Yoon Inug , Eom Gayoung , Lee Sungwoo , Kim Bo Kyeong , Kim Sang Kyung , Lee Hyunjoo J.
Published: March 2019

The development of portable volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors is essential for home healthcare and workplace safety because VOCs are environmental pollutants that may critically affect human health. Here, we report a compact and portable sensor platform based on a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array offering multiplex detection of various VOCs (toluene, acetone, ethanol, and methanol) using a single read-out system. Three CMUT resonant devices were functionalized with three different layers: (1) phenyl-selective peptide, (2) colloids of single-walled nanotubes and peptide, and (3) poly(styrene-co-allyl alcohol). As each device exhibited different sensitivities to the four VOCs, we performed principal component analysis to achieve selective detection of all four gases. For the simultaneous detection of VOCs using CMUT sensors, the changes in the resonant frequencies of three devices were monitored in real time, but using only a single oscillator through an electrically controlled relay to achieve compactness. In addition, by devising a wireless system, measurement results were transmitted to a smartphone to monitor the concentration of VOCs. We used multiple sensors to obtain a larger number of fingerprints for pattern recognition to enhance selectivity but interfaced these sensors with a single read-out circuit to minimize the footprint of the overall system. The compact CMUT-based sensor array based on a multiplex detection scheme is a promising sensor platform for portable VOC monitoring.
Using the IBM SPSS SW Tool with Wavelet Transformation for CO2 Prediction within IoT in Smart Home Care
Authors: Vanus Jan , Kubicek Jan , Gorjani Ojan M. , Koziorek Jiri
Published: March 2019

Standard solutions for handling a large amount of measured data obtained from intelligent buildings are currently available as software tools in IoT platforms. These solutions optimize the operational and technical functions managing the quality of the indoor environment and factor in the real needs of residents. The paper examines the possibilities of increasing the accuracy of CO2 predictions in Smart Home Care (SHC) using the IBM SPSS software tools in the IoT to determine the occupancy times of a monitored SHC room. The processed data were compared at daily, weekly and monthly intervals for the spring and autumn periods. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) method was applied to predict CO2 levels from the measured indoor and outdoor temperatures and relative humidity. The most accurately predicted results were obtained from data processed at a daily interval. To increase the accuracy of CO2 predictions, a wavelet transform was applied to remove additive noise from the predicted signal. The prediction accuracy achieved in the selected experiments was greater than 95%.
The Potential of Blockchain within Air Rights Development as a Prevention Measure against Urban Sprawl
Authors: Allam Zaheer , Jones David Sydney
Published: March 2019

The rapid rise in urbanization internationally is both driving and stressing our consumption patterns, including that of land use. Urban sprawl is arguably one of the most important threats to human and nature biodiversity given its reliance upon fossil fuel exploitation and consumption. The need for increasing the density of cities is required to contain urban expansion in land size. However, while the footprint density of cities is increasing, vacant plots are prized and rare in most urban areas. Tradable air rights development is seen as a potential solution to provide developers the option of increasing density while encouraging an emerging urban economy. However, the price speculation of air rights is a danger and counter to a fair and inclusive real estate market. This paper proposes a new model that encourages the trading of time-sensitive air rights through Smart Contracts in the Blockchain as a means of prevention against urban sprawl.
Use of Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N.
Published: March 2019

Surgical management of neoplastic disease is common in veterinary medicine. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has gained widespread acceptance by veterinary surgeons and is experiencing rapid growth and frequency of use. Many neoplastic diseases in the abdomen and thorax of dogs and cats can be treated as effectively with MIS as with traditional open surgery. Additionally, MIS allows for less invasive options for organ biopsy in cancer patients either for initial diagnosis or for staging to inform prognosis and treatment. Despite the recent increase in MIS, additional research is required to further characterize the benefits to oncology patients and to ensure that surgical oncologic principles and patient outcomes are not compromised by the use of MIS.
GABITUS IN STRATEGIES OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGMENT
Authors: Yatsenko Olena
Published: March 2019

The concept of "habitus" is revealed on four levels: individual, social, existential and symbolic. This differentiation is grounded not ontologically, but dialectically-methodologically. That is, the "habitus" as an autonomous and unitary phenomenon is extrapolated into different coordinates of epistemological procedures, which details and formalizes the content of the concept, and most importantly, allows us to recreate the unity of everyday practices of the modern person. Gabitus is a semantic construction of the explication of the socio-cultural essence of human. The technique of habitus is expressed in the scheme of "identity - structure - competition". And the concept of habitus is the most productive in the analysis of the logic of human activity. Therefore, the concept of habitus has a significant educational potential. Classical pedagogical theories operate with the concepts of "world outlook", "personality", "subject", "knowledge" and "skills". Given the modern determinants of humanities and the challenges of social formation, the terminology of classical pedagogy can not withstand falsification. The aforementioned terminology series is based on the classical metaphysics, in which the dialectics of essence and formation demonstrate predominantly incidental character. Post-classical paradigm of thinking proceeds from another understanding of procedurality, and, accordingly, another understanding of integrity. Thus, the substantiated concepts of world outlook, subject, knowledge, etc. acquire the characteristics of the declaration, and not the analytics of reality. Therefore, it is logical that in the modern concept of education the concept of "comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality" and "knowledge / skills" are replaced by "specialist" and "competence". In this terminological change there is a worldview shift, which is based on the idea of the plasticity and openness of the dialectical unity of structure and process.
INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY AS THE BASIS OF PROFESSIONAL FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TEACHER
Authors: Bilan Andrii
Published: March 2019

Theoretical foundations of the professional formation process of the future teacher in the informational and educational environment of the pedagogical university with the use of computer-oriented learning technologies were considered. The information model for the development of the future teacher, the criteria and process indicators of formation were given.
EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF THE WALDORF SCHOOL AS A MEANS OF FORMING A HOLISTIC WORLDVIEW OF A PERSON (AN EXAMPLE OF THE FOURTH CLASS)
Authors: Khalamendyk Viktoriia
Published: March 2019

We examined the basic principles of the educational process and the content of the fourth-grade program at the Waldorf School, which is built on the "epoch" method. The possibilities of planning the educational material taking into account the rhythms of the year were shown. Attention was accentuated on the significance of a submission of educational material in various school subjects and their integration as a cross-cutting theme for the formation of a holistic child's worldview. The essence of the first three seven-year child development and with taking into account the construction of the educational process of the Waldorf school was uncovered. The role of the teacher in the educational process of the Waldorf school was characterized.
POSTCOLONIALISM AND THE PROSPECT OF POLITICAL DEONTOLOGY: PLATO, KANT AND SCHOPENHAUER IN A PRE-CRITIQUE
Authors: Eliopoulos Panos
Published: March 2019

In this paper we have tried to introspect on the philosophy of these three philosophers who take on different analyses on ethical and political issues. However, their approaches become useful in offering hermeneutical tools for the exploration of the issue under discussion. The basic material is to refer to their views from particular books which include the most related to the issue parts of their theories. Most of all, to make a connection between their theories in the light of understanding the theoretical consequences of postcolonialist research.
MAHATMA GANDHI’S EDUCATION POLICY IN PRE AND POST COLONIAL INDIA
Authors: Avinash Rina , Puradkar Pitale
Published: March 2019

The greatest educationalist, who played important roles in fashioning education systems have, in their quest to develop ideal processes and structure of eduation. The pioneering educational philosophers like Rousseau, Montessori, Pestalozzi, Bertrand Russell, Paulo Freire, and Piaget, it is now being increasingly recognised that education must be based on the psychology of the child-nature. Each human being is a self-developing soul and that the business of both parent and teacher is to enable and to help the child to educate himself, to develop his own intellectual, moral, aesthetic and practical capacities and to grow freely as an organic being, not to be kneaded and pressured into form like an inert plastic material. This new pedagogy impels a further realization of the potentialities of the child and its soul, a realisation that was explicitly stated in the writings of the nationalist leaders who inspired and led the movement of national education in India, such as those of Dayananda Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore and Sri Aurobindo. Their writings gave a clear expression of the deeper self and the real psychic entity within. In this paper I have tried to revisit the philosophy of education of M.K. Gandhi and Swami Vivekananda who tried to provide solution to the problem generated by Macaulayan education system in India. The basic material is to refer to their views from various authors’ books and articles.
Solutions solides organiques, cas des diacides saturés à chaîne normale. I. Système acide adipique˗acide subérique
Authors: Bouillaud Yvette , Chanh Nguyen Ba , Bedouin Jacques
Published: March 2019

Le diagramme d'équilibre du système acide adipique-acide subérique a été établi par diffraction de rayons X et par microanalyse thermique différentielle. On décèle une zone de miscibilité en toutes proportions à haute température, tandis qu'au-dessous de 40° C les solutions solides présentent un phénomène de démixtion. Le polymorphisme qui affecte l'acide subérique (T[tr] = 129° C) se retrouve sur l'ensemble des solutions solides, ce qui conduit à envisager un cas de monotropisme pour l'acide adipique.

Les considérations purement géométriques sur le degré de ressemblance ε ne permettent pas à elles seules d'expliquer la miscibilité entre ces deux composés.
Étude de l'épitaxie de l'arsénolite sur la fluorine
Authors: Cadoret-Bouiller Michelle
Published: March 2019

An experimental study of arsenolite epitaxy on fluorite has shown that the frequency of an orientation is a function of the super saturation. We interprete our experimental curve using the nucleation rate of differently oriented nuclei. This rate is derived from computed values of various energies, in particular the energy of interaction between substrate and deposit.
Étude cristallographique et comportement thermique des uranyl˗vanadates de Ba, Pb, Sr, Mn, Co et Ni
Authors: Cesbron Fabien
Published: March 2019

La synthèse des composés de formule M (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 5H₂O avec M = Ba, Pb, Sr a été réalisée en tubes scellés à 180° C. Les cristaux sont orthorhombiques et appartiennent au groupe spatial Pcan. Leurs paramètres sont :

Ba (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 5H₂O : a = 10,41 b = 8,51 c = 16,76 Å

Pb (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 5H₂O : a = 10,40 b = 8,47 c = 16,34 Å

Sr (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 5H₂O : a = 10,32 b = 8,52 c = 16,25 Å.

Les courbes d'analyse thermique différentielle montrent des pics endothermiques correspondant successivement à la déshydratation, à la fusion du produit anhydre puis à un départ d'oxygène.

Les composés M (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 4H₂O avec M = Mn, Co et Ni appartiennent au groupe spatial Pnam.

Mn (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 4H₂O : a = 10,59 b = 8,25 c = 15,54 Å

Co (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 4H₂O : a = 10,59 b = 8,23 c = 15,26 Å

Ni (UO₂)₂ (VO₄)₂ • 4H₂O : a = 10,58 b = 8,23 c = 15,06 Å.

Leur déshydratation isotherme (20° C) en fonction de la pression partielle de vapeur d'eau et leur comportement thermique ont été étudiés.
Sur une anomalie de la courbe dilatométrique de l'ardoise de Travassac (Corrèze)
Authors: Girard d'Albissin Micheline , Morlier Pierre
Published: March 2019

Les courbes de dilatation thermique d'éprouvettes d'ardoise de Travassac prises dans différentes directions présentent deux types d'anomalies dont l'une ne peut s'expliquer que par un mécanisme de fissuration ; des expériences complémentaires confirment cette interprétation.
An experimental and kinetic study of the breakdown of aluminous biotite at 800 °C : reaction microstructures and mineral chemistry
Authors: Brearley Adrian J.
Published: March 2019

On a étudié expérimentalement la dégradation hors d'équilibre de biotite naturelle alumineuse et riche en fer en utilisant, comme matériel initial, des éprouvettes d'un schiste de biotite bien caractérisé. Les expériences ont été réalisées à 800 °C, 1 kbar, pendant 2 jours à 8 semaines. Tous les produits de la réaction ont été étudiés par microscopie photonique et microscopie électronique par transmission. La réaction est caractérisée par un noircissement progressif de la biotite, qui est pseudomorphosée par une intercroissance de produits de réaction à grain très fin. Les observations en MET montrent que la réaction peut schématiquement être décrite ainsi :

Biotite-Al = orthopyroxène-Al + spinelle hercynitique + magnétite + produits fondus.

Elle procède par deux mécanismes différents selon le site de la biotite où elle se déroule. Dans les premiers stades de la réaction, le spinelle hercynitique et le pyroxène ont des orientations qui sont fortement contrôlées par la biotite-hôte, mais ces relations cristallographiques disparaissent lorsque la proportion de produits fondus augmente. L'analyse des phases présentes par microscopie électronique analytique suggère que les premiers spinelles et pyroxènes qui nucléent ont des compositions métastables qui évoluent vers les compositions stables quand la durée de l'expérience augmente
Distribution of strontium between plagioclases and 1 molar aqueous chloride solutions at 600 °C, 1.5 kbar and 750 °C, 2 kbar
Authors: Lagache Martine , Dujon Saint-Clair
Published: March 2019

The distribution of trace amounts of Sr between plagioclase solid solutions and a chloride-bearing hydrothermal solution decreases almost exponentially by a factor of 20-25 between the albite (Ab) and anorthite (An) end-members.

A simple mixing model in the ternary system Ab-An-SrF (where SrF is strontian feldspar) leads to a thermodynamic interpretation of the experimental results. This interpretation requires a knowledge x>f the three equilibrium constants concerned in the binary exchange reactions Ab-An, Ab-SrF and An-SrF. In addition, the activity coefficients of trace strontian feldspar in albite and anorthite must be determined as well as the activity coefficients of albite and anorthite in plagioclase solid solution. The results of experiments in this study on the three binary systems have enabled the calculation of these constants and coefficients. In this way, a mixing model can be established which yields a calculated partition coefficient for trace amounts of Sr in plagioclase. This calculated coefficient is near the experimentally determined coefficient. The variation of this partition coefficient between albite and anorthite can be explained by near ideal mixing behaviour in the solid solution. This is in contrast with alkali feldspar solid solutions which are not ideal and generally show an irregular variation of trace element partition coefficients from one end-member to the other.
Synthèse entre 25 et 200 °C de lizardites Ni-Mg. Mesure des coefficients de partage solide-solution aqueuse pour le couple Ni-Mg dans les lizardites
Authors: Mondésir Hervé , Decarreau Alain
Published: March 2019

Improving an experimental technique previously used for smectite synthesis, pure Ni or Mg lizardites, and substituted (Mg-Ni) lizardites, have been synthesized between 25 and 200 °C. At low temperature (25 °C), synthetic clays are very hydrated and poorly crystallized. With increasing time and temperature of experiment, crystallographic parameters and crystallinity of synthetic lizardites were found close to those of natural lizardites. Electron microscope studies showed that during crystal growth, particles of about 400 Å are associated to form large plates (0.1 µm) and platy laths, several micrometer long. X-Ray diffraction intensities of (02-11) and (13-20) reflections and band energies in optical spectra confirmed that Ni atoms were located in structural octahedral sites whose distortion increases when crystallinity of lizardites decreases. This synthesis process also allowed for the measurements of the partition coefficients (KNi-Mg), between octahedral sites of lizardites and water. Values of logKNi-Mg are between 3.4 and 4, and indicate that Ni atoms are strongly stabilized in lizardites. Partition coefficient values were not modified when temperature of synthesis changed from 25 to 200 °C. Gibbs energies of formation of Ni and Mg lizardites have been estimated using separated line approaches. Values obtained were respectively near — 962.8 kcal/mole and — 691.5 kcal/mole.
Retromorphic Fe-rich talc in low-temperature eclogites : example from Monviso (Italian Western Alps)
Authors: Nisio Pascal , Lardeaux Jean-Marc
Published: March 2019

The retromorphic mineralogy of Fe-Ti eclogites from the Monviso meta-ophiolitic complex is described in detail. After a low-temperature eclogitic event (400-450 °C and at least 10 kbar), a decompressional evolution gives rise to peculiar assemblages involving uncommon Fe-rich talc (10 wt. % FeO). It is demonstrated, on the basis of textural criteria, that Fe-talc crystals belong mainly to a blueschist paragenesis. Considering the retromorphic mineralogy a temperature near 350-400 °C can be proposed for Fe-talc crystallization. The mechanisms of talc crystallization are discussed.
Copper metallurgy in Iron Age Kition
Authors: Kassianidou Vasiliki
Published: March 2019

Le site de Kition du Bronze Récent est bien connu pour sa zone sacrée et pour les ateliers métallurgiques qui ont été trouvés en association avec les temples et les téménè de Kathari. Pendant la période archaïque également, un petit atelier métallurgique a été installé à côté du grand temple d’Astarté des VIe-Ve siècles av. J.-C. Des indices limités d’un artisanat métallurgique ont aussi été relevés par la mission française lors de la fouille du sanctuaire phénicien dédié à la Grande Déesse à Bamboula. Les restes métallurgiques de ces deux ateliers ont été étudiés par l’auteur et son équipe de recherche, et les résultats d’analyses permettent de jeter un peu de lumière sur les procédés en usage dans ces ateliers. Le but de cet article est de présenter ces résultats et de discuter plus largement de la métallurgie du cuivre dans le royaume de Kition pendant l’Âge du Fer.
Chypre et la Sicile : quelques réflexions sur les usages comparatifs du marbre
Authors: Dridi Hédi
Published: March 2019

This paper is a preliminary reflection on the occurrence and use of white marble in Cyprus and Sicily before the islands’ integration into respectively the Ptolemaic and Roman orbits. In addition to early evidence of Greek insular marble in Sicily, the recycling and association of materials phenomena during the fifth century B. C. suggest the activity of skilled carvers on the island. In Cyprus, importation of marble monuments, in particular sarcophagi, started after the second quarter of the same century. These artefacts seem to have transited through the Phoenician coast before arriving in Cyprus via Kition.
“Opportunism and Energy” : élites et cités de Narbonnaise aux premiers temps du principat de Galba
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: March 2019

In his narrative Tacite is more explicit than we used to think about the importance of Galba’ sojourn in Narbonne in 68 and about the first acts in government of the new emperor. It was a key time to gather support in the various levels of narbonensian elites. But maybe the first supports could have happened before the departure to Rome, by joining Galba in the spanish peninsula.
Les matrones équestres de Narbonnaise
Authors: Alvarez Melero Anthony
Published: March 2019

The aim of this paper is to fill an historiographical gap related to the research about provincial elites. The purpose is to study the female relatives of Roman knights in order to identify their role in promoting their relatives in the superior ordines.
Traces sénatoriales en Narbonnaise à travers la population affranchie
Authors: Monceix Chulsky Céline
Published: March 2019

Our aim is to find senators from Gallia Narbonensis through the onomastical traces that they have left in their birth-town, and more precisely through their possible freedmen. It appears that they have n o link with seviri augustales, with the exception of the peculiar case of the seviri who are honorary decuriones in Nîmes. Nevertheless there are large groups of wealthy freedmen having the same praenomen and nomen as contemporary senators. This is typical of large senatorial familiae. The same onomastic effect is not found among knights. We can verify this phenomenon in every Narbonensian city in which senators are known, including more modest cities with narrower epigraphical data, with the exception of Vienna where it is difficult to pinpoint freedmen through onomastical data.
Les provinciaux de Gaule Narbonnaise et la garde prétorienne
Authors: Faure Patrice
Published: March 2019

L’étude cherche à cerner le rapport de la jeunesse masculine de Gaule Narbonnaise – une province publique de l’Occident romain, réputée pour son adhésion précoce et profonde au modèle romain – à un corps militaire singulier parce que très étroitement associé au pouvoir impérial. Longtemps envisagées depuis Rome – comme en témoigne le recours bien établi à la notion de «recrutement » , qui revient à se placer du côté de l’armée – ces relations sont désormais l’objet d’une approche bilatérale, moins institutionnelle et plus anthropologique. Elle requiert d’être attentif aux aspirations individuelles et familiales, aux interactions humaines et aux réseaux, mais aussi aux contextes municipal, provincial et impérial, qui entraient tous en jeu pour définir le sens du service dans la garde prétorienne. Tout en s’appliquant à éclairer ces diverses logiques, l’étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une réflexion collective sur les élites de Gaule Narbonnaise. Elle cherche donc à déterminer en quelle mesure un service militaire professionnel, accompli dans la plus prestigieuse des unités de l’armée romaine impériale, pouvait initier, accompagner ou prolonger des mécanismes d’ascension sociale et d’intégration culturelle et politique.
Vasio Vocontiorum : essai sur quelques-unes de ses élites, leur rôle dans l’obtention du foedus des Voconces et l’enrichissement de la ville
Authors: Meffre Joël-Claude , du Guerny Jacques
Published: March 2019

Vasio Vocontiorum (aujourd’hui Vaison la Romaine) fut précocement perçue au cours de la première moitié du Ier s. avant J.-C. comme une cité particulièrement riche, ce qui reste surprenant si l’on considère la faiblesse de ses sources de revenus, à la différence des cités comme celles de Narbonne, Arles ou Vienne, bien mieux prédisposées. Comment est-ce que cette richesse peut être expliquée ? Le présent essai a ainsi commencé à explorer les origines de la richesse prenant en compte un cadre de travail suggéré par la Nouvelle Economie Institutionnelle (NEI). C’est ce qui nous a conduits à montrer comment des familles aristocratiques locales furent capables opportunément de s’adapter (et de profiter) de la situation créée par la conquête romaine. Elles ont avec succès établi des liens étroits avec les acteurs du pouvoir romain de la fin de la République et au début de l’Empire pour leur bénéfice personnel et aussi celui de leur cité.