bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Technological Factors on the Stability of Liposomes the Photosensitizer Phthalocyanine Series
Authors: Timofeeva T. A. , Dmitrieva M. V. , Nikolaeva L. L. , Orlova O. L. , Oborotova N. A. , Polozkova A. P. , Krasnyuk I. I.
Published: May 2019

Introduction.Liposomal technologies are widely used in medicine and cosmetology as a delivery system for diagnostic and medicinal products and biologically active substances. The undoubted practical importance at the stage of development of a liposomal preparation is represented by the characteristic and assessment of the sustainability of the obtained product, and special attention is paid to the study of the latter. Essentially, the methods for their preparation affect the stability of liposomes; therefore, the study of the influence of technological factors on the properties of the product at various stages of the preparation of liposomes is very important. This article is devoted to the study of the dependence of the quality of liposomes loaded with a phthalocyanine photosensitizer – thiosens, on the conditions of their production.

Aim.Detection of the influence of various technological factors on the stability indicators of the liposomal form of the thiosens photosensitizer.

Materials and methods.For this purpose, an analysis of the average size, polydispersity and zeta (ζ) potential of the liposomes of thiosens obtained at the stage of hydration of the lipid film, filtration of the liposomal dispersion, its extrusion, homogenization, ultrasonic treatment, and lyophilization was carried out.

Results and discussion.During the preparation of a liposomal preparation, various changes in conditions can be made within the framework of the technological process. At each stage of obtaining a liposomal form, there are many critical points and parameters that must be strictly monitored and controlled. In the course of the work, the influence of technological factors on the stability of liposomal intermediate and finished products was assessed. The conditions of the most effective hydration with the formation of a stable dispersion of multilayer liposomes of thiosens and the optimal method of their grinding have been determined. It was also shown that liposomes formed after rehydration of the lyophilisate are more uniform in size and have the highest ζ-potential value in comparison with non-lyophilized liposomal dispersion.

Conclusion.Using the example of a thiosens phthalocyanine photosensitizer liposomes, the influence of various technological factors on the stability of this nanostructure is shown, therefore, the characteristic and assessment of the sustainability of the resulting product according to 3 main indicators – vesicle size, polydispersity index, and ζ-potential are of undoubted practical importance.
COMBINATION OF HEREDITARY AND EXOGENOUS RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SYNDROME OF ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Efimova N V , Shtykova O V , Menshikova L I
Published: May 2019

We have comparatively analyzed the role of genetic and exogenous factors as well as clinical, laboratory and psychological data of 100 adolescents aged 15-17 years with the syndrome of elevated blood pressure. The period of the disease ranged from 1 to 84 months. It has been found that family history and excess weight were the main factors of arterial hypertension in the adolescents. This was indicated by an earlier onset of the disease (in the group with a family history duration of the disease 22.95 ± 17.52 months, without it - 10.00 ± 15.95 months, р
INCIDENCE OF BIRTH DEFECTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION IN 2007-2012: CONSEQUENCES OF THE NUCLEAR TESTS AT THE SEMIPALATINSK TEST SITE
Authors: Abylgazinova A Z , Madieva M R , Rymbaeva T K , Grjibovski A M
Published: May 2019

Long term consequences of the activities at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS) twenty years after the test site was closed in relation to inborn abnormalities remain largely unknown. This study aims at assessment of the incidence of inborn abnormalities in general and cardiovascular abnormalities in particular in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in administrative regions of the East Kazakhstan region among children aged 0-14 years using the national official statistical data. All anomalies classified in ICD-10 as Q00-Q99 and inborn anomalies of the cardiovascular system classified as Q20-Q28 registered in 2007-2012 in Kazakhstan were included in the study. The regions were ranked by the mean 6-years incidence rates of inborn abnormalities. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the trends in the incidence of birth defects in each of the regions in the country and each of the administrative units in the East Kazakhstan region. The results of this ecological study demonstrate that in spite of long-term nuclear testing at SNTS, twenty years after the test site was closed the incidence of inborn abnormalities in general and of the cardiovascular system in particular are among the lowest in the country suggesting that the present impact of the consequences of the SNTS on the incidence inborn abnormalities at the national level is minor compared to other factors. However, regional data clearly indicate that the highest incidence of inborn abnormalities in the region is still registered in the administrative units which were affected the most by the activities at the SNTS.
TYPES OF RESEARCH IN HEALTH SCIENCES
Authors: Kholmatova K K , Kharkova O A , Grjibovski A M
Published: May 2019

This is an introductory article about the main methodological principles of research design in health sciences, characteristics of basic types of study designs using practical examples with the description of the methods of sample size calculation and statistical analysis of data. Detailed classification of research designs and basic principles of evidence-based medicine are presented in the article.
TBE in Slovenia
Authors: Simonović Zoran , Vuković Janković Tamara
Published: May 2019

TBE is endemic in Slovenia, and the incidence rate is one of the highest in the EU. In Slovenia, TBE virus was confirmed for the first time in the year 1953 with isolation of the virus from a patient’s blood.
Magnetic Field Effects on Aqueous Anionic and Cationic Surfactant Solutions Part II: Surface Tension
Authors: Chibowski Emil , Szcześ Aleksandra , Hołysz Lucyna
Published: May 2019

Magnetic Field (MF) effects on water and dispersed systems have been studied for more than half of century. However, so far there is no complete understanding of the observed changes in the properties of studied systems if it is solely based on the classical theories of magnetic field action. In Part I of this paper we presented results of MF influence on the evaporation rate of aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and cationic one Dodecyl Trimethylammonium Bromide (DoTAB). In this paper static magnetic field effects on the surface tension of the above-mentioned surfactants are presented. The concentrations of the solutions used were both below and above their Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC). The solutions were under the MF action for 60 min in a closed vessel and were stirred by hand every 15 min. Previously it was found that the surface tension of pure water (distilled in a quartz apparatus) decreased by 2.1 mN/m after similar the MF treatment. Moreover, the memory effect lasted longer than 60 min.
In case of the surfactant solutions the surface tension changed depending both on the kind of surfactant and its concentration. Bigger changes were observed for cationic DoTAB. In the solutions below their CMC the surface tension was lower after MF treatment. However, the surface tension of DoTAB solution at CMC increased several mN/m after the MF treatment. In the solutions concentrated above the CMC, respectively, the MF effects were practically vanishing. The observed changes are discussed in detail considering the structure of the surfactant adsorbed layers and acceleration force acting on the ions which was calculated from the Lorentz equation. To our knowledge, such results are published in the literature for the first time and they should be considered as preliminary ones. More systematic experiments are needed to better understand the observed changes.
Magnetic Field Effects on Aqueous Anionic and Cationic Surfactant Solutions Part I: Water Evaporation
Authors: Chibowski Emil , Szcześ Aleksandra
Published: May 2019

Static magnetic field (0.5 T) effects on water evaporation rate from anionic Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and cationic Dodecyl Trimethyl ammonium Bromide (DoTAB) 1 mM solutions were studied at room temperature and humidity for up to several hours. Keeping in mind possible practical application of the effects the experiments were intentionally carried out in a common laboratory environment and not in any sophisticated conditions. The evaporation of water from Magnetic Field (MF) treated and untreated samples were carried out simultaneously in the same environment. Although the quantitative differences in the evaporated amounts of water between MF treated and untreated samples changed from run to run, the qualitative MF effects were always reproducible. Therefore, it is believed that the observed changes are significant. It was found that the MF affects evaporation rate of water from solutions of both surfactants causing increase in the evaporated water amount in comparison to that of MF untreated sample. Prior to MF experiments first the water evaporation rate from the untreated surfactants solutions was studied. From the MF-untreated anionic surfactant solution water evaporated slower than from pure water, while from the cationic one water evaporated faster than from pure water. This difference was explained taking into account the properties of the polar (ionic) head of the surfactants, i.e. their size, ability to hydrogen bonding formation with water molecules, and the reduction of water surface tension. The MF treatment caused an increase in the evaporated water amount from both surfactants. However, a greater effect was observed for cationic DoTAB. Because the hydrocarbon tail in both surfactants is the same (C12) the observed differences were assigned to the differences in their ionic heads. Gibbs adsorption equation and Lorentz force in the gradient MF were applied to explain the differences.
Acrodermatitis Continua Of Hallopeau Yang Memberi Respons Baik Terhadap Terapi Kombinasi Salep Klobetasol Propionat 0,05% Dan Dapson
Authors: Megasasi Yuli , Brahmanti Herwinda , Kumala Yasmina Diah , Manggala Galih
Published: May 2019

Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (ACH) merupakan kasus jarang, yang ditandai dengan erupsi pustular steril yang mengenai ujung jari tangan dan kaki. Pengobatan ACH sulit karena kondisinya yang rekalsitran. Berbagai terapi menggunakan obat topikal atau sistemik, secara tunggal atau kombinasi telah dicoba dengan hasil yang bervariasi. Seorang anak perempuan 10 tahun dengan ACH kuku keempat dan kelima jari tangan kanan dan kuku ketiga jari tangan kiri sejak 5 tahun sebelum berobat. Pengobatan awal dengan salep klobetasol propionat 0,05% saja gagal memperbaiki lesinya. Kombinasi dengan dapson 50 mg/hari menghasilkan perbaikan lesi akral dalam waktu empat minggu, namun terdapat efek samping anemia.Steroid topikal superpoten memiliki mekanisme kerja sebagai anti-inflamasi, anti-proliferasi, imunosupresif, dan vasokonstriksi, terutama jika digunakan secara oklusif, berguna untuk menghentikan pustulasi. Dapson menghambat kemotaksis neutrofil manusia melalui sistem transduksi sinyal protein G dan mengganggu migrasi kemotaktik neutrofil melalui supresi fungsi adhesi ke epidermis yang diperantarai oleh integrin. Hal tersebut menyebabkan supresi perekrutan neutrofil serta kurangnya influks neutrofil ke dalam dermis. Kombinasi salep klobetasol propionat 0,05% yang dioklusi dan dapson dianjurkan untuk ACHÂ Kata kunci: Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau, klobetasol propionat, dapson
Psoriasis Pustulosa Generalisata Dan Pemfigus Foliaseus Pada Seorang Pasien Yang Diterapi Dengan Kombinasi Metotreksat Dan Azatioprin
Authors: Fadilla Yola , Febrina Dia , Haryati Nia Srie , Suwarsa Oki , Darmadji Hartati Purbo
Published: May 2019

Psoriasis disertai penyakit bulosa autoimun yang terjadi pada satu orang sangat jarang terjadi. Diduga terdapat peranan plasminogenactivator, predisposisi genetik, atau faktor pencetus infeksi dalam patogenesis psoriasis yang disertai pemfigus foliaseus. Metotreksat dilaporkan efektif sebagai terapi psoriasis pustulosa dan azatioprin sebagai terapi penyakit bulosa autoimun menimbulkan efek samping yang lebih dapat ditoleransi.Dilaporkan seorang pasien laki-laki berusia 38 tahun dengan diagnosis psoriasis pustulosa generalisata disertai pemfigus foliaseus. Selain gambaran klinis, diagnosis psoriasis pustulosa ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologis, sedangkan diagnosis pemfigus foliaseus ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan histopatologis dan direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Pasien diterapi dengan kombinasi metotreksat 3x5 mg/minggu dan azatioprin 2x100 mg/hari. Setelah dua minggu mendapat terapi kombinasi, terjadi perbaikan klinis dan tidak ditemukan lesi baru. Psoriasis dan penyakit bulosa autoimun pada satu orang sulit terapinya karena penggunaan dan penghentian kortikosteroid sistemik dapat mencetuskan psoriasis pustulosa. Pada pasien ini, dipilih metotreksat sebagai terapi psoriasis pustulosa generalisata karena efektivitasnya baik dan tersedia di Indonesia. Azatioprin diberikan untuk terapi pemfigus foliaseus atas pertimbangan efek samping yang jarang terjadi dibandingkan obat imunosupresan lainnya. Dilaporkan satu pasien usia 38 tahun dengan psoriasis pustulosa generalisata disertai pemfigus foliaseus yang mendapatkan terapi kombinasi metotreksat 3x5 mg/minggu dan azatioprin 2x100 mg/hari. Perbaikan klinis didapatkan setelah dua minggu pengobatan.Â Kata kunci: azatioprin, metotreksat, pemfigus foliaseus, psoriasis pustulosa generalisata
Perbandingan Kadar Brain â€“ Derived Neurotrophic Factor Pasien Psoriasis Vulgaris Dan Bukan Pasien Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Sjahrir Muhammad , Effendy Elmeida , Roesyanto Irma D
Published: May 2019

Psoriasis adalah penyakit inflamasi kronik pada kulit, dengan dugaan kuat akibat pengaruh genetik. Psoriasis memiliki karakteristik berupa gangguan pertumbuhan dan diferensiasi epidermis serta keterlibatan agen biokimiawi, imunologik, kelainan vaskular, dan sistem saraf. Keterlibatan sistem saraf pada psoriasis salah satunya diperankan oleh brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF telah dikenal luas berperan pada kondisi stres dan depresi, namun BDNF ternyata juga memilki peran menjaga homeostasis korneosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar BDNF dalam serum pasien psoriasis vulgaris dibandingkan dengan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 20 orang pasien psoriasis vulgaris (kasus) dan 20 orang bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris (kontrol) ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Pada seluruh subyek penelitian dilakukan pengambilan darah untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar BDNF dalam serum dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Kadar BDNF serum yang diperoleh kemudian dinilai perbedaannya antara kelompok kasus dan kontrol dengan menggunakan uji-t independen.Hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar BDNF dalam serum pasien psoriasis vulgaris lebih rendah secara bermakna (852,99 Â± 172,28 pg/ml) dibandingkan dengan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris (1202,37 Â± 67,06 pg/ml) denganÂ  nilai p<0,05. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar BDNF serum pasien dan bukan pasien psoriasis vulgaris.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Kata Kunci: psoriasis vulgaris, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Kelainan Mata Pada Pasien Kusta
Authors: Sari Ninda
Published: May 2019

Keterlibatan intraokular paling sering terjadi pada kusta lepromatosa, dan tidak pernah pada kustatuberkuloid. Tanda kelainan intraokular juga tidak umum didapati pada empat atau lima tahun pertamaperjalanan penyakit. Kelainan mata pada kusta terjadi akibat kerusakan saraf dan invasi basil secaralangsung. Komplikasi mata akibat kusta hanya terjadi pada segmen anterior dan adneksa mata. Lesi yangberpotensi menyebabkan kebutaan pada pasien kusta adalah lagoftalmus, hipoestesia kornea, iritis, skleritisdan atrofi iris. Riwayat atau sedang mengalami reaksi kusta tipe II dengan atau tanpa iritis, bercak di pipiatau infiltrasi difus di kulit wajah, pasien yang memiliki kecacatan tingkat I-II atau hanya pada mata, danadanya penyakit penyerta, misalnya diabetes melitus atau glaukoma juga menjadi faktor risiko terjadinyakebutaan pada pasien kusta. Komplikasi mata juga sering ditemukan pada pasien kusta yang baruterdiagnosis dan yang sedang menjalani pengobatan. Deteksi dini, pengobatan yang efektif danpengendalian reaksi yang tepat penting untuk menurunkan komplikasi mata pada pasien kusta.Kata kunci: kusta, kelainan mata, prevalensi, deteksi, pengobatan, pencegahan
Resistensi Antibiotik Pada Pengobatan Akne Vulgaris
Authors: Yenny Satya Wydya
Published: May 2019

Akne vulgaris merupakan inflamasi kronis pada unit pilosebasea, terutama terjadi pada masa pubertas dengan penyebab multifaktor. Selama ini, penggunaan antibiotik melawan Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) telah menjadi pilihan pada terapi akne vulgaris derajat sedang hingga berat. Efek penting antibiotik sebagai anti bakteri dan anti inflamasi pada akne vulgaris masih belum jelas. Penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan terjadinya resistensi, khususnya golongan makrolid. Beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan resistensi di antaranya pemberian obat yang tidak rasional, monitoring terbatas, kesalahan pemakaian antibiotik, dan transmisi komunitas. Faktor lain yang diduga dapat menyebabkan resistensi antibiotik adalah pembentukan biofilm yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri, sehingga peranannya pada akne vulgaris perlu diketahui. Untuk mencegah meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antibiotik pada pasien akne vulgaris perlu dilakukan berbagai upaya. Berdasarkan The global alliance to improve outcomes in acne, penggunaan antibiotik oral dan topikal tidak dianjurkan secara monoterapi atau bersamaan. Pemberian terapi kombinasi dengan retinoid topikal dan anti mikroba lain (misalnya benzoil peroksida) dianjurkan sebagai terapi lini pertama pada pasien dengan akne vulgaris derajat sedang dan berat.Kata kunci: akne vulgaris, antibiotik, resisten.
Mikosis Fungoides Folikulotropik Disertai Ko-Ekspresi Pan B-Cell Markers Dengan Manifestasi Klinis Berupa Facies Leonina
Authors: Sutedja Eva Krishna , Febrina Dia , Rohana Erfina , Roslina Nina , Agusni Jono Hadi , Fadjari Trinugroho Hari
Published: May 2019

Mikosis fungoides folikulotropik (MFF) merupakan varian dari mikosis fungoides (MF)Â  dengan perjalanan klinis yang lebih agresif dan prognosis lebih buruk dibandingkan MF klasik. Facies leonina (FL) merupakan manifestasi klinis yang sangat jarang ditemukan pada MFF. CD20 dan CD79a merupakan pan B-cell markers yang sangat jarang ditemukan pada kasus cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), termasuk di dalamnya MFF. Dilaporkan satu kasus MFF pada seorang laki-laki berusia 51 tahun dengan manifestasi klinis FL dan madarosis disertai papula folikel menyerupai lesi keratosis pilaris pada dada, punggung, kedua lengan, dan paha. Diagnosis MFF pada pasien ini ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologis sediaan biopsi kulit wajah yang menunjukkan gambaran folikulotropisme. Pada pemeriksaan imunohistokimia ditemukan fenotipe CD3 yang dominan, CD4, CD8, CD30, dan Ki-67 lebih dari 40% sel tumor. Penanda sel-B juga ditemukan positif pada beberapa sel yaitu CD20, CD79a, dan bcl-2. Setelah dua bulan diterapi dengan kortikosteroid topikal tidak didapatkan pendataran pada lesi FL. Pasien direncanakan pemberian regimen kemoterapi siklofosfamid, doxorubicin, vincristine, dan prednison. Mikosis fungoides folikulotropikÂ  dapat bermanifestasi klinis FL. Fenotipe CD20 dan CD79a pada kasus ini bukan merupakan cutaneous B-cell lymphoma karena fenotipe CD3, CD4, dan CD8 yang ditemukan lebih dominan. Folikulotropisme menyebabkan MFF kurang responsif terhadap skin-targeted therapies sehingga membutuhkan terapi yang lebih agresif. Kata kunci: facies leonina, mikosis fungoides folikulotropik, pan-B cell markers
Kusta Tipe Mid-Borderline Dengan Alergi Klofazimin Tipe Sindrom Hipersensitivitas Obat
Authors: Bianti Marsha , Fourina Peppy , Menaldi Sri Linuwih
Published: May 2019

Kusta merupakan infeksi yang tersering menyebabkan disabilitas dan masih merupakan tantangan untukdieliminasi. World Health Organization merekomendasikan penggunaan multi-drug therapy (MDT) tipemultibasiler (MB) yang terdiri atas rifampisin, dapson, dan klofazimin. Regimen MDT MB ini bertujuan untukmengendalikan resistensi primer dan sekunder yang disebabkan oleh monoterapi, mencegah terjadinya relaps,serta mempercepat kesembuhan. Pengobatan MDT pernah dilaporkan memiliki beberapa efek samping meskipundianggap aman. Klofazimin merupakan obat yang ditoleransi baik, memiliki efek antimikroba dan antiinflamasi,dan sangat jarang menyebabkan reaksi alergi. Kami melaporkan pasien perempuan 39 tahun dengankusta tipe mid-borderline dan riwayat erupsi obat alergik tipe sindrom hipersensitivitas obat yang disebabkanoleh MDT multibasilar. Setelah dilakukan uji tempel obat, didapatkan hasil positif terhadap klofazimin. Tatalaksana kusta pada pasien disesuaikan menjadi MDT MB tanpa klofazimin dan ditambahkan ofloksasin 1x400mg selama total 12 bulan. Kasus ini diajukan dengan mempertimbangkan kejadian yang jarang dan diharapkandapat meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan pengetahuan mengenai tata laksana kusta pada keadaan khusus.Kata kunci: alergi, klofazimin, kusta, MDT
Linfoma no Hodgkin de Mama en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología de Cuba, en el período comprendido entre 1980 y 2010.
Authors: Franco Odio Sonia Olga , Jiménez Galainena Julio Jesús , Delgado Almanza Rodolfo , López Rodríguez Leonel P.
Published: May 2019

Introducción: Los Síndromes Linfoproliferativos son procesos neoplásicos que se originan en el tejido linfoide tanto central como periférico. La presentación de Linfomas no Hodgkin de mama es infrecuente, por lo que se presenta una serie de casos de esta patología en un centro oncológico nacional en la Habana-Cuba.

Métodos: El presente estudio observacional, retrospectivo fue realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología de Cuba. Se revisaron historias clínicas y registros de anatomía patológica de pacientes con cáncer de mama del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de Cuba, de los períodos comprendidos de enero de 1980 a diciembre de 2010. El tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico de conveniencia. Las variables estudiadas fuero sexo, edad, diagnóstico anatomopatológico, localización de las lesiones y supervivencia. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva para datos descriptivos y Kaplan Meier para el reporte de supervivencia.

Resultados: Se analizaron 14 registros de pacientes mujeres con edad media de 54.7 ±18 años. La duración de los síntomas promedio de 9.2 ±18 meses. 13 casos fueron localizados en la mama derecha (92.86 %). En diez casos (71.53 %) se presentaron con un estadio clínico I. El diagnóstico histopatológico más prevalente fue el de Linfoma No Hodgkin (LNH) difuso de células grandes B con 3 casos (21.4 %) y LNH difuso mixto de células pequeñas y grandes hendidas con 3 casos (21.4 %). Trece de los casos (92.86 %) fueron sometidos a cirugía de mastectomía, 13 casos (92.86 %) fueron sometidos a Quimioterapia y en 6 casos (42.86 %) se aplicaron sesiones de radioterapia. La supervivencia del grupo de pacientes fue reportada en 74 ±16.5 meses, (IC 95% 41.6 – 106.4).

Conclusión: En esta serie de casos presentada la incidencia de Linfoma No Hodgkin de mama fue de 14 casos, el gran porcentaje en mama derecha, la supervivencia del grupo de pacientes fue de 70 meses. La histología prevalente fue de células B y Linfoma No Hodgkin difuso mixto de células pequeñas y grandes hendidas.
Respuesta al Tratamiento Neoadyuvante en pacientes con Cáncer de Mama en SOLCA-Guayaquil.
Authors: García Matamoros Katherine , Santacruz Maridueña Mayra , Paulson Vernaza Guillermo , Gamarra Cabezas Elizabeth , Castro Ramírez Norma , Sandoya Onofre Lorena
Published: May 2019

Introducción: La quimioterapia neoadyuvante es ampliamente aceptada como tratamiento de elección en cáncer de mama localmente avanzado. El objetivo de la presente comunicación corta es conocer la tasa de respuesta completa patológica (pRC) luego de neoadyuvancia, la frecuencia de cirugía conservadora, así como también el porcentaje de la sobrevida.

Métodos: Ingresaron al estudio pacientes con cáncer de mama que recibieron tratamiento de quimioterapia neoadyuvante y luego sometidas a cirugía, fueron analizadas retrospectivamente usando historias clínicas desde enero 2009 hasta diciembre 2011 en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. ¨Juan Tanca Marengo¨ Solca-Guayaquil, se excluyeron pacientes sin suficiente información clínica y aquellas tratadas en otros centros. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante un sistema estadístico SPSS v20.

Resultados: 1367 pacientes con cáncer de mama fueron diagnosticadas desde el año 2009-2011, se excluyeron aquellas que no reunieron los criterios de inclusión. 200 pacientes evaluables recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante y fueron operadas. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 51 años (rango 26-79 años), el tipo histológico ductal Infiltrante fue el más frecuente 185 (92.5 %), Lobular 10 (5 %), Medular 4 (2 %) y metaplásico 1 (0.5 %). El Grado histológico II 143 (71.5 %), Grado histológico III 30 (15 %). En Estadio I: 1 (0.5 %), IIA: 25 (12.5 %), IIB: 42 (21 %), IIIA: 58 (28 %), IIIB: 69 (34.5 %), IIIC: 5 (2.5 %).

Conclusión: El cáncer de mama es un grupo heterogéneo, la mayoría de pacientes acuden con enfermedad avanzada (65 %), respuesta patológica completa (16.5 %) luego de neoadyuvancia es muy similar a la obtenida en otros estudios, como es conocido el grupo triple negativo obtuvo los mejores resultados (25 %) y una mejoría en el porcentaje de la sobrevida global en este subgrupo, es importante completar el protocolo de neoadyyuvancia previo a la cirugía para aumentar la tasa de pRC y así como también la cirugía conservadora (10 %) que es el objetivo primario en neoadyuvancia.
El método Lean Startup. Cómo crear empresas de éxito utilizando la innovación continua de Eric Ries
Authors: Ayala Colqui Ysmael Jesús
Published: May 2019

Una start-up es definida como una empresa destinada solucionar problemas de maneras no obvias, donde el éxito no está garantizado de antemano y, solo en los casos de éxito efectivo, se adquiere un crecimiento rápido y significativo (Robehmed, 2013). Ejemplos clásicos de start-ups serían Facebook, Uber o AirBnB que, con comienzos modestos, pero con ideas innovadoras, se convirtieron con el paso del tiempo en empresas de ingresos millonarios. Una de las tantas preguntas al respecto sería la siguiente: ¿cómo lograr una start-up de éxito a sabiendas que el éxito no está garantizado a priori y, aún más, que la gran mayoría de estas fracasan?
Análisis de la estructura organizacional basada en centros integrales de servicios y el clima organizacional de Corpoelec Falcón, Venezuela, 2018
Authors: Aldana Zavala Julio Juvenal , Isea Josía , Ramos Jorge , Martínez Sirit Alfredo
Published: May 2019

El artículo estudia la relación entre una nueva estructura y el clima organizacional en la empresa eléctrica Corpoelec Falcón (Venezuela), específicamente en la Gerencia de Comercialización, Distribución y Uso Racional y Eficiente de la Energía, en 2018. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo y correlacional bajo un diseño no experimental, de campo y transversal aplicado sobre una muestra de 34 trabajadores del área de comercial de la empresa. Los resultados arrojaron un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,882 entre las variables estructura organizativa basada en centros integrales de servicios y clima organizacional dentro de Corpoelec Falcón. De este modo, se puede concluir que existe un clima laboral favorable en dicho centro de trabajo. Asimismo, se sugiere que la empresa aproveche dicho elemento para establecer mejora institucional.
The New Business Road Test: What Entrepreneurs and Investors Should Do Before Launching a Lean Startup, by John Mullins
Authors: Albites Sanabria José Luis
Published: May 2019

John Mullins is a researcher, teacher and one of the world’s foremost thought leaders in entrepreneurship. Over the years, John has been hailed as an inspiration for entrepreneurs who have employed the models outlined in books such as Getting to Plan B or The Customer-Funded Business, in order to transform their ideas into global startup companies. Now in its 5th edition, The New Business Road Test guides the reader through the complex yet gripping process of testing a business idea. How can you be completely sure that your list of start-up ideas is good or bad? How much time or money should you invest in each of these ideas? And, for first-time entrepreneurs, should you embark upon a start-up just because you love your idea? Should you leave a stable job and focus entirely on what feels to you like a good business idea? Mullins’ book offers thoughtful readers guidance on the thorny issues associated with entrepreneurship that you yourself may be facing even as you read this introduction. In order to fully understand the theories behind the tools and advice for testing your idea, we must start by understanding Mullins’ vision of the entrepreneurial world. The book begins by defining three elements crucial to the success of a business: the market, the industry, and the entrepreneurial team.
Identification of In-Flight Wingtip Folding Effects on the Roll Characteristics of a Flexible Aircraft
Authors: Dussart Gaétan , Yusuf Sezsy , Lone Mudassir
Published: May 2019

Wingtip folding is a means by which an aircraft’s wingspan can be extended, allowing designers to take advantage of the associated reduction in induced drag. This type of device can provide other benefits if used in flight, such as flight control and load alleviation. In this paper, the authors present a method to develop reduced order flight dynamic models for in-flight wingtip folding, which are suitable for implementation in real-time pilot-in-the-loop simulations. Aspects such as the impact of wingtip size and folding angle on aircraft roll dynamics are investigated along with failure scenarios using a time domain aeroservoelastic framework and an established system identification method. The process discussed in this paper helps remove the need for direct connection of complex physics based models to engineering flight simulators and the need for tedious programming of large look-up-tables in simulators. Instead, it has been shown that a generic polynomial model for roll aeroderivatives can be used in small roll perturbation conditions to simulate the roll characteristics of an aerodynamic derivative based large transport aircraft equipped with varying fold hinge lines and tip deflections. Moreover, the effects of wing flexibility are also considered.
Supersonic Compressor Cascade Shape Optimization under Multiple Inlet Mach Operating Conditions
Authors: Casoni Marco , Magrini Andrea , Benini Ernesto
Published: May 2019

Transonic compressors are widely used today in propulsion and industrial applications thanks to their higher specific work compared to subsonic. In this work, the aerodynamic optimization of a two-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the transonic cascade ARL-SL19 is described. The validated computational model is used for a multi-objective optimization of the cascade at three different inlet Mach numbers using a genetic algorithm and an artificial neural network, with the aim of reducing total pressure loss and increasing maximum pressure ratio. Finally, the optimized shapes on the Pareto fronts are investigated, analyzing mechanisms responsible for loss reduction and enhanced compression. Profiles having the lowest losses have flatter camberlines and reduced acceleration of flow on the suction side, while geometries achieving the highest pressure ratio values have a more cambered shape with a concave suction side.
Responses of Foreign GA3 Application on Seedling Growth of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) under Salinity Stress Conditions
Authors: Jiao Xiurong , Zhi Wenfang , Liu Guijuan , Zhu Guanglong , Feng Gongneng , Eltyb Ahmed Nimir Nimir , Ahmad Irshad , Zhou Guisheng
Published: May 2019

Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a promising bioenergy crop, is readily planted in marginal lands like saline soils. A controlled experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of using gibberellic acid (GA3) as a promoter for caster bean grown under NaCl conditions and to try to determine the most appropriate concentration of GA3 for seedling growth. The seeds of salt-tolerant cultivar Zibi 5 were firstly soaked with 0, 200, 250, and 300 µM GA3 for 12 h and then cultured with 1/2 Hoagland solution containing 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl in pots filled with sand. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry mater of each organ, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), soluble protein, and proline content in the leaves were examined. Plant height and stem diameter, SOD, and POD activity was significantly highest in the treatment of 250 µM GA3 under salt concentration of 50 mM NaCl among all the testing days; protein content was highest when GA3 concentration was 250 µM under 100 mM NaCl treatment. This indicated that caster bean seed soaking with 250 µM GA3 could be the most suitable concentration for promoting seedling growth of caster bean, improving their stress resistance.
Yield and Quality of Forages in a Triple Cropping System in Southern Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Li Bokun , Ishii Yasuyuki , Idota Sachiko , Tobisa Manabu , Niimi Mitsuhiro , Yang Yingkui , Nishimura Keiko
Published: May 2019

A triple cropping system, combining spring maize, pearl millet, and twice-cut blast disease resistant Italian ryegrass, was examined for the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 growing seasons to achieve quality herbage production in Miyazaki, southern Kyushu, Japan. The growth of the three crops reached to harvest, even though typhoon and heavy rainfall occurred. Annual dry matter (DM) yield of the triple crops was 4098 g m−2 and 4349 g m−2 in the first and second cropping seasons, respectively. The observed total digestible nutrients (TDN) were higher in spring maize (up to 68.2% and 76.8%), pearl millet (up to 60.0% and 67.9%), and Italian ryegrass (up to 71.6% and 68.6%), during the first and second season, respectively, leading to an annual TDN yield of 2357 g m−2 and 2938 g m−2. The results suggest that the present established triple cropping system is feasible for obtaining high yields with more digestible nutrients in the forages.
Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers
Authors: Liermann Wendy , Bochnia Mandy , Berk Andreas , Böschen Verena , Hüther Liane , Zeyner Annette , Dänicke Sven
Published: May 2019

Influences of feed particle size (coarse, fine) and hydro-thermal processing methods (HTPM) (without–non-compacted feed, pelleting, expanding and pelleting) on feeding value and the performance and digestive tract of 624 broilers were studied. HTPM increased the starch disintegration of feed. Starch disintegration and electron microscopy indicated the highest degree of starch modification in expanded and pelleted feed. HTPM affected ether extract digestibility (p < 0.05). A grinding-by-HTPM interaction was found in case of crude protein digestibility (p = 0.008). Non-compacted feed reduced daily feed intake (DFI) and body weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio compared to compacted feeds (p < 0.001). Compacted feeds increased proventricular size and the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to coarsely ground non-compacted feed, except for finely ground expanded and pelleted feed. Finely ground feed reduced proventricular weights compared to coarsely ground feed and pelleted feed compared to other feeds. Non-compacted feed increased gizzard weights compared to compacted feeds. Relationships between proventricular size and Isthmus gastrici dilatation and the DFI were detected. Summarizing, the beneficial effects of pelleted feed were mainly based on the reduction of feed wastage and selection. However, the high DFI caused by pellet feeding is also a main risk factor for proventricular dilatation.
Aerial Grasping of an Object in the Strong Wind: Robust Control of an Aerial Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , He Yuqing , Dai Bo , Gu Feng , Yang Liying , Han Jianda , Liu Guangjun
Published: May 2019

An aerial manipulator is a new kind of flying robot system composed of a rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a multi-link robotic arm. It gives the flying robot the capacity to complete manipulation tasks. Steady flight is essential for an aerial manipulator to complete manipulation tasks. This paper focuses on the steady flight control performance of the aerial manipulator. A separate control strategy is used in the aerial manipulator system, in which the UAV and the manipulator are controlled separately. In order to complete tasks in environments with strong wind disturbance, an acceleration feedback enhanced robust H∞ controller was designed for the UAV in the aerial manipulator. The controller is based on the hierarchical inner-outer loop control structure of the UAV and composed of a robust H∞ controller and acceleration feedback enhanced term, which is used to compensate for the wind disturbance. Experimental results of aerial grasping of a target object show that the controller can suppress the wind disturbance effectively, and make the aerial manipulator hover steadily with sufficient accuracy to complete aerial manipulation tasks in strong wind.
RBF Neural Network Based Backstepping Control for an Electrohydraulic Elastic Manipulator
Authors: Tran Duc-Thien , Nguyen Minh-Nhat , Ahn Kyoung Kwan
Published: May 2019

An electrohydraulic elastic manipulator (EEM) is a kind of variable stiffness system (VSS). The equilibrium position and stiffness controller are the two main problems which must be considered in the VSS. When the system stiffness is changed for a specific application, the system dynamics are significantly altered, which is a challenge in controlling equilibrium position. This paper presents adaptive robust control for controlling the equilibrium position of the EEM under the presence of the variable stiffness. The proposed control includes sliding mode controls (SMCs), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), and backstepping technique. The RBFNN is employed to compensate for the uncertainties and the variant stiffness in mechanical dynamics and hydraulic dynamics. The Lyapunov approach and projection algorithm are used to derive the adaptive laws of the RBFNN and to prove the stability and robustness of the entire EEM. Finally, some experiments are implemented and compared with other controllers to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method with the variant stiffness.
Teleconnection of Regional Drought to ENSO, PDO, and AMO: Southern Florida and the Everglades
Authors: Abiy Anteneh Z. , Melesse Assefa M. , Abtew Wossenu
Published: May 2019

Drought variability is associated with global oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections driven by, among others, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Climate teleconnections with a region’s rainfall, with drought and flooding implications, should be part of short- and long-term water management planning and operations. In this study, the link between drought and climatic drivers was assessed by using historical data from 110 years of regional rainfall in southern Florida and the Everglades. The objective was to evaluate historical drought and its link with global oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) assesses regional historical drought in 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, and 60-month periods. Each of the SPIs was used to analyze the association of different magnitudes of drought with ENSO, AMO, and PDO. Historical drought evaluated in different time windows indicated that there is a wet and dry cycle in the regional hydrology, where the area is currently in the wet phase of the fluctuation since 1995 with some drought years in between. Regional historical rainfall anomaly and drought index relationships with each driver and combination of drivers were statistically evaluated. The impact of ENSO fluctuation is limited to short-period rainfall variability, whereas long-period influence is from AMO and PDO.
Investigation of Biological Activities of Wild Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn. Var. Abbreviata Ser.)
Authors: Pham Thi My Hanh , Ngo Dai-Hung , Ngo Dai-Nghiep , Vo Thanh Sang
Published: May 2019

Wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. Abbreviata Ser.) is a wild edible variety of M. charantia, often used in folk medicine. In this study, the biological activities of its extract and fractions were investigated in vitro. It was found that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction exhibited high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.43 ± 0.04 mg/mL, while the chloroform (CF), EA, and n-butanol (Bu) fractions had strong 2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)+ scavenging ability with IC50 values of 0.36 ± 0.04 mg/mL, 0.35 ± 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.35 ± 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EA and Bu fractions exhibited the highest protective effect against H2O2-induced DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction was effective in the inhibition of enzyme α-amylase activity with an IC50 value of 0.27 ± 0.029 mg/mL. Finally, it was observed that the production of nitric oxide (NO), a pro-inflammatory mediator, was significantly reduced from LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by the ethanol extract (ET) and the EA fraction. Therefore, wild bitter melon could be considered as a promising biomaterial for the development of pharmaceutical products.
Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole by TiO2 Modified with Noble Metals
Authors: Borowska Ewa , Gomes João F. , Martins Rui C. , Quinta-Ferreira Rosa M. , Horn Harald , Gmurek Marta
Published: May 2019

Application of solar photocatalysis for water treatment is intensively studied. In this work, we investigated TiO2 modified with platinum (Pt/TiO2) and palladium (Pd/TiO2) using sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the model contaminant. We considered the following parameters: (i) level of TiO2 modification with Pt/Pd, (ii) initial concentration of photocatalysts, (iii) geographic location where processes were conducted, and (iv) natural water matrix. The catalysts characterized by SEM, EDX, DRS, and XRD techniques showed successful deposition of Pd and Pt atoms on TiO2 surface that enabled light absorption in the visible (Vis) range, and therefore caused efficient SMX removal in all tested conditions. A comparison of the rate constants of SMX degradation in various conditions revealed that modification with Pd gave better results than modification with Pt, which was explained by the better optical properties of Pd/TiO2. The removal of SMX was higher with Pd/TiO2 than with Pt/TiO2, independent of the modification level. In the experiments with the same modification level, similar rate constants were achieved when four times the lower concentration of Pd/TiO2 was used as compared with Pt/TiO2. Formation of four SMX transformation products was confirmed, in which both amine groups are involved in photocatalytic oxidation. No toxic effect of post-reaction solutions towards Lepidium sativum was observed.
An Artificial Sweating System for Sweat Sensor Testing Applications
Authors: Brueck Andrew , Bates Kyle , Wood Trent , House William , Martinez Zackary , Peters Shannon , Root Blain , Yelamarthi Kumar , Kaya Tolga
Published: May 2019

This research proposes a completely automated, computer-controlled fluid mixing and dispensing system, which is suitable for testing sweat sensing devices, as an alternative to requiring human trials during the development phase of a sweat sensor device. An arm mold was designed and implemented with dragon skin and pores to simulate sweating action. The relay controlled mixing tanks allow for the different concentration of fluid solutions at various rates of fluid dispensing through pores. The onboard single board computer controls a dozen electronic relays and it switches and presents an easy to use graphical user interface to allow end users to conduct the experiments with ease and not require further programming. With the recent advances in sweat sensors, this platform offers a unique way of testing sensing devices during development, allowing for researchers to focus on their design parameters one at a time before actual validation through human trials are conducted. The current device can provide sweat rates from 1 µL/min to 500 µL/min. Furthermore, concentrations of 10 mM up to 200 mM of salt concentrations were able to be repeatedly produced. In an ANOVA test with salt concentrations varying from 40–60 mM, a p-value of 0.365 shows that the concentration does not have any effect on the flow rate. Similarly, a p-value of 0.329 and 0.167 for different relative humidity and temperature shows that the system does not present a statistical difference. Lastly, when the interactions among all the factors were considered, a p-value of 0.416 clearly presents that the system performance is insensitive to different factors, thus validating the system reliability.
Production of Anserine-Rich Fish Sauce from Giant Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou masou and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Enrichment by Lactobacillus plantarum Strain N10
Authors: Taoka Yousuke , Nakamura Miho , Nagai Setsuko , Nagasaka Noriko , Tanaka Ryusuke , Uchida Katsuhisa
Published: May 2019

Previously, we developed a novel production technique for giant masu salmon (GMS). This study aimed to develop a fish sauce from GMS to explore ways to efficiently utilize the salmon and to enrich the fish sauce with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by microbial fermentation. The minced bodies of GMS were autolyzed by endogenous protease at 55 °C and 60 °C. During autolysis, the changes in total free amino acids and protein size was monitored by LC-MS and SDS-PAGE analysis, respectively. After 96 h, fish sauce was prepared by heating, and the amino acid composition was analyzed by LC-MS. To enrich the fish sauce with GABA, Lactobacillus plantarum strain N10 was added and incubated at 28 °C for 48 h. The total free amino acids content significantly increased for 96 h. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that major bands at 200 kDa and 48 kDa detected at 0 h gradually disappeared over time. The ratio of anserine to total amino acids in the fish sauce was approximately 36%. The concentration of GABA in the fish sauce significantly increased through the addition of strain N10. Thus, anserine-rich fish sauce could be quickly produced from GMS, and the fish sauce was enriched with GABA by microbial fermentation.