bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Was It Useful? Multilayered Outcome of a Psychosocial Intervention with Teachers in East Greenland
Authors: Glendøs Mia
Published: February 2022

Multilayered outcomes were found in the results of a follow-up study for an action research project conducted in East Greenland. The project was based on a community psychology approach that stresses the interdependent relations of change, structure, people, and community and emphasized the fundamental issue of grounding an intervention in local utilization. The project focused on mobilizing the resilience of vulnerable schoolchildren by advocating the students’ perspectives in a collaborative intervention process with the teachers of a local school. The research question for the follow-up study was: What were the outcomes of the intervention project conducted with teachers of vulnerable students? In the intervention process, ideas for developing and changing practice were devised and articulated by the teachers themselves; however, implementation and change in practice did not happen linear to this process. The follow- up result of multilayered outcomes was analyzed in three main directional levels of implementation: a constructive externalization and implementation level, a generalized in-between level named forgetting-but-not-denying, and a resistance/rejection level (where no implementation occurred). The community psychology analysis and discussion of the results is supplemented with a cultural-historical theoretical dimension (primary from Jaan Valsiner) that focuses on individual processes of internalization and externalization and the different levels of integrating new knowledge. The paper summarizes crucial issues to consider in psychosocial intervention practice in order to implement change.
“You Learn How to Write from Doing the Writing, But You Also Learn the Subject and the Ways of Reasoning”
Authors: Wittek Anne Line , Solbrekke Tone Dyrdal , Helstad Kristin
Published: February 2022

The research question addressed in this paper is: How do the activities of writing mediate knowledge of writing, disciplinary knowledge, and professional knowledge as intertwined sites of learning? To conceptualise the role that writing can take in these complex processes, we apply an analytical framework comprising two core concepts; mediation and learning trajectories. We draw on an empirical study from the context of initial teacher education in Norway. From our analysis, we identify three qualities of writing as important. First, the writing process should in- clude responding to and sharing drafts. Other important qualities include high teacher expectations and continuous reflection. From the perspective adopted here, learning is understood to be distributed and situated. In particular, in situated cultural contexts, collaborative writing can become a significant mediational tool for learning. Initial teacher education seeks to prepare the student teacher for a highly complex professional competency, developing both professionally and in individual subjects. To do so, students must transform social structures and the tools embedded in practices into psychological tools. We contend that writing is one significant tool in moving through complex trajectories of learning towards becoming professional teachers.
Learning through obstacles in an interprofessional team meeting
Authors: Ros Jenny , Grossen Michèle
Published: February 2022

Drawing both on cultural-historical activity theory and on a dialogical approach to discourse, this article expands a method of analysis developed by Engeström & Sannino (2011) to capture discursive manifestations of contradictions in an activity system.

The data consist of recorded meetings of an interprofessional team working with persons living with both a mental handicap and psychiatric disorders. The mission of this team is to coordinate socio-educative and psychiatric work. A sequence taken from one of these meetings was submitted to a step-by-step discourse analysis and examined how the participants negotiated and managed the obstacles met with in their daily work.

The analysis showed how an initial obstacle presented as a conflict was gradually turned into a critical conflict and finally into a dilemma between two rules: professional confidentiality and transparency towards the patient. It showed how the participants collectively coped with this dilemma, and came to define it as a problem related to work organisation, and not only to interpersonal relationships.

The study shows the importance of discourse processes in collaborative work and in fostering professional learning and focus upon discourse processes through which team members deal with obstacles in their daily work and to provide a fine-grained analysis of systemic contradictions.
Recognizing motives: The dissensual self
Authors: Nissen Morten , Friis Tine
Published: February 2022

This article proposes to approach issues around the self and its derivate concepts such as motivation through a methodology of rearticulation. For this, we build on the idea developed in the (broadly) Vygotskian tradition of the self as mediated by cultural artifacts in activity, viewed as a transformative social process that reconfigures sense and meaning. We aim at suggesting these potentials by rearticulating activities in which people display (represent, avow, reflect, expose, externalize, etc.) their motives. Most contemporary ‘motivational technologies’ stage a pragmatic self-calculation. For some, these technologies confirm a common-sense, managerial self; others read them as a ‘poetics of practice’ that performs and produces new motives and selves in a liminal space of discursive creativity. These two readings are superseded as we – with art theory from Vygotsky through Brecht to Groys, Bourriaud and Rancière – consider drug counsellors’ experiments with aesthetic practices of self-display in which sense is reconfigured as dis-sensus, as meaning deferred. Aesthetics provide a lense through which we can appreciate how an artifact-mediation can be also a struggle for recognition that reconstitutes emerging selves, senses, and motives.
On studying peoples’ participation across contemporary timespaces:
Authors: Bagga-Gupta Sangeeta , Dahlberg Giulia Messina
Published: February 2022

This paper presents critical reflections regarding entangled relationships between access, communication and inclusion and illustrates how these play out across multiple analytical scales, ranging from interactional data analysis to engagement with policy data. The study draws on our ethnographic fieldwork from two large projects where roughly 45 18-50+ year-old people have been shadowed across settings. The study aims to illuminate dimensions of analyst’s participation in terms of the flow of the everyday lives of people they track within and across physical-online spaces and within and across education, workplaces, cultural settings, homes, leisure-time, governmental agencies, health services, social media, etc. Such a stance acknowledges the mobile yet situated, partial and limited nature of contemporary existence and that of knowledge generation within the research enterprise.

By engaging with what we call a “second wave of southern perspectives” (SWaSP), the access that scholars have and the identity-positionings of people they track can be understood in terms of (non)support i.e. (non)affordances of different settings for human beings’ possibilities to engage in social practices. In addition to bringing into dialogue different theoretical clusters within a SWaSP framing, the study goes beyond essentialized ways of understanding methodologies or single project reporting, and attempts to shed light on the chained entanglements, intersections and enactments of policy and practice, artefacts and humans, including the ways in which such relationships seldom present themselves in an intuitive manner for the analyst (or project participants).

A SWaSP framing is attended to as dimensions of doing multiple-scale ethnography, in terms of being positioned as scholars who are mobile across contemporary physical-online spaces, are reflexive about their mobile gaze and who follow individuals, tools and inscriptions as they emerge across online/physical/private/institutional spaces. Where someone is, how and when people meet, what such meetings offer in terms of positionality, opportunities, meaning-making and learning, are riddled with continua and disruptions that not only create analytical and methodological dissonance in mainstream scholarship but, more significantly, emerge as challenges for scientific enquiry by taking onboard the very theoretical and methodological implications of such continua and disruptions.
What can we learn from a peer review?
Authors: Stilling Olesen Jesper
Published: February 2022

The quality assurance of research articles is based on a widespread reliance on peer review, which has gradually become black boxed, as the way to do it. By opening the black box, it turns out that this form of quality assurance varies a great deal. This article looks at the comments offered by peer reviewers and treats them as an important but overlooked element of the methodological circle and science production. Based on an auto-ethnographical study of one manuscript that undergoes peer reviewing in three different journals the article examines how the review comments affect the author and hence promote/inhibit the becoming of a research article. The article offers a transmethodological look at peer review by employing concepts from actor-network theory. This allows for a theoretical move from notions of single authorship to notions of writing as a performance of relations between heterogeneous actors. The analysis aims to identify the connections that are established between the manuscript and other actors such as scientific standards for good research, journals’ aim and scope, universities’ requirements for staff publication, peer reviewer’s personal academic interests etc. which all become part of a peer review network. In conclusion, the article suggests acknowledging the relational and co-productive aspect of peer reviewing as an important part of quality assurance of scientific knowledge.
The medicalisation of learning difficulties through the prism of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological approach
Authors: Venianaki Aikaterini , Timplalexi Eleni , Dafermos Manolis
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to map the medicalisation of learning difficulties in the remote and mountainous areas in Chania Prefecture, Crete, when pupils are referred to Diagnostic Institutes to be assessed and possibly receive a learning difficulty diagnosis. It provides evidence on the fact that the learning difficulties identification procedure tends to be individually oriented and to neglect contextual dimensions, as well as the interactions between them, particularly in light of the consequences of the socioeconomic crisis in Greece. The remote and mountainous areas in Chania Prefecture, Crete, serve as a case study. Educational documents, archives, newspapers, and laws are examined, and six semi-structured interviews are conducted and analysed. The analysis yields two core themes: a. Exaggerated diagnoses: a compensatory tool and b. The emergence of the environment of the contexts: the impacts of the socioeconomic crisis. As an outcome of the analysis, it occurs that the medicalisation of learning difficulties appears to impose an obstacle to the detection of the deeper systemic, social, and political causes of these difficulties. It may also fail to sufficiently address the needs of the involved parts, namely pupils, parents, and schools. Given the implications arising from the study that indicate the systemic nature and influences of learning difficulties, the necessity for a transition towards a bioecological approach is discussed.
Exploring the theory–practice dimension of social work
Authors: Vindegg Jorunn
Published: February 2022

This article presents and discusses how theories inform social work practice and what impact this has on the professional-client relation, specifically how social work professionals perceive children and interpret their possibilities. Data for the analysis to come are drawn from a qualitative study of child welfare services in Norway. The aim of the article is to bring to light how theoretical knowledge as well as social workers´ personal experiences influence the professional work, and consequently parents´ and children’s opportunities to participate. A main finding is that social workers´ interpretations are informed by underlying theoretical frameworks that engender a narrative reasoning, that is, the plots of the parents’ and the children’s past histories, as well as the current situation, provide sense and coherence to professional work and understanding. The analysis focuses on how the social workers perceive the children they deal with, particularly how they acknowledge children´s voices and participation in professional interaction. The empirical examples contribute to expand the horizon of professional practice, in terms of how theoretical perspectives influence and inform everyday practice with service users.
Supernova
Authors: Graur Or
Published: February 2022

A concise introduction to the history and physics of supernovae, the brilliant explosions of stars; with striking color illustrations.

Supernovae are the explosions of stars. They are some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe, rivaling the combined light of billions of stars. Supernovae have been studied for centuries, and they have also made appearances in popular culture: a glimpse of a supernova in a painting provides Sherlock Holmes with a crucial clue, for example. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, astrophysicist Or Graur offers a concise and accessible introduction to these awe-inspiring astronomical phenomena.

Graur explains that a deep observational understanding of supernovae—why and how they shine and how their brightness changes over time—allows us to use them as tools for experiments in astrophysics and physics. A certain type of supernova, for example, brightens and fades in such a predictable manner that we can measure the distances to their host galaxies. We owe our existence to supernovae—they give us iron for our blood and calcium for our bones. But supernovae may also have caused a mass extinction event on Earth 2.6 million years ago.

Graur shows how observations of supernovae played a role in the transformation of astronomy from astrology to astrophysics; surveys the tools used to study supernovae today; and describes the lives and deaths of stars and the supernova remnants, neutron stars, and black holes they leave behind. Illustrations in both color and black and white, many from Graur's own Hubble Space Telescope data, make this account of supernovae particularly vivid.
Reason and Less
Authors: Goel Vinod
Published: February 2022

A new, biologically driven model of human behavior in which reason is tethered to the evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems.

In Reason and Less, Vinod Goel explains the workings of the tethered mind. Reason does not float on top of our biology but is tethered to evolutionarily older autonomic, instinctive, and associative systems. After describing the conceptual and neuroanatomical basis of each system, Goel shows how they interact to generate a blended response. Goel's commonsense account drives human behavior back into the biology, where it belongs, and provides a richer set of tools for understanding how we pursue food, sex, and politics.

Goel takes the reader on a journey through psychology (cognitive, behavioral, developmental, and evolutionary), neuroscience, philosophy, ethology, economics, and political science to explain the workings of the tethered mind. One key insight that holds everything together is that feelings—generated in old, widely conserved brain stem structures—are evolution's solution to initiating and selecting all behaviors, and provide the common currency for the different systems to interact. Reason is as much about feelings as are lust and the taste of chocolate cake. All systems contribute to behavior and the overall control structure is one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure. 

Tethered rationality has some sobering and challenging implications for such real-world human behaviors as climate change denial, Trumpism, racism, or sexism. They cannot be changed simply by targeting beliefs but will require more drastic measures, the nature of which depends on the specific behavior in question. Having an accurate model of human behavior is the crucial first step.
Occurrence of microplastics in edible aquatic insect Pantala sp. (Odonata: Libellulidae) from rice fields
Authors: Maneechan Witwisitpong , Prommi Taeng On
Published: February 2022

Background

Microplastic (MP) contamination has been discovered in aquatic systems throughout the world. They are well known as contaminants in aquatic species, but there is a gap in understanding about pathways of MP contamination into humans (i.e., through aquatic animals). The goal of this study is to assess MP contamination in an edible aquatic insect (Pantala sp.) living in rice fields.

Methods

A dragonfly larva, Pantala sp. (Odonata: Libellulidae), was tested for MPs. The study concentrated on three distinct anatomical compartments (whole body, gastrointestinal tract, and body without gastrointestinal tract), each of which was examined separately. For the physical identification and chemical analysis of MPs, a stereomicroscope and a Fourier transformed infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) were used, respectively.

Results and Discussion

The microplastics content was 121 in the whole body, 95 in the gastrointestinal tract, and 66 in the body without the gastrointestinal tract, with an average of 1.34 ± 1.11, 1.06 ± 0.77, and 0.73 ± 0.51 abundance/ individual, respectively. The most common MPs discovered during this study were fragments, followed by fibers and rods. The chemical analysis by FT-IR confirmed three different polymers, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polypropylene (PP). There was no significant difference in MP abundances among the sample types (Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared = 2.774, df = 2, p = 0.250). The findings suggest that eating an edible aquatic insect (Odonata: Pantala sp.) could be one way for humans to ingest MPs.
Antiviral drug discovery by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein processing by inhibition of the main protease
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Kim Jinsoo , Fayez Mahmoud , Kitade Yukio , Kwon Hyung-Joo
Published: February 2022

The spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, has led to a global and deadly pandemic. To date, few drugs have been approved for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. In this study, a structure-based approach was adopted using the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and a carefully selected dataset of 37,060 compounds comprising Mpro and antiviral protein-specific libraries. The compounds passed two-step docking filtration, starting with standard precision (SP) followed by extra precision (XP) runs. Fourteen compounds with the highest XP docking scores were examined by 20 ns molecular dynamics simulations (MDs). Based on backbone route mean square deviations (RMSD) and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) binding energy, four drugs were selected for comprehensive MDs analysis at 100 ns. Results indicated that birinapant, atazanavir, and ritonavir potently bound and stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Mpro structure. Binding energies higher than −102 kcal/mol, RMSD values <0.22 nm, formation of several hydrogen bonds with Mpro, favourable electrostatic contributions, and low radii of gyration were among the estimated factors contributing to the strength of the binding of these three compounds with Mpro. The top two compounds, atazanavir and birinapant, were tested for their ability to prevent SARS-CoV-2 plaque formation. At 10 µM of birinapant concentration, antiviral tests against SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a 37% reduction of virus multiplication. Antiviral assays demonstrated that birinapant has high anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in the low micromolar range, with an IC50 value of 18 ± 3.6 µM. Therefore, birinapant is a candidate for further investigation to determine whether it is a feasible therapy option.
Adrenal Myelolipoma: A Series of Three Cases
Authors: Bharati Kumari Sunita , Singh Ashish Ranjan , Bharti Rashmi Rani , Singh Reecha
Published: February 2022

Adrenal myelolipomas are rare benign adrenal tumour composed of mature adipocytes intermixed with myeloid tissue. They are second most common cause after adrenal adenomas and comprise 6-16% of all the adrenal incidentalomas. They are often asymptomatic and therefore rarely detected but in recent times due to radiological advancements, these cases are increasingly being detected and therefore treated. Extra-adrenal myelolipoma are the myelolipomas, detected outside the adrenal gland but occurs rarely. Three cases (53 years old male patient, 60 years old male patient and 46 years old female patient) of clinically and radiologically suspected cases of symptomatic adrenal myelolipoma are discussed here. The first case described, presented with right flank pain radiating to back which was suspected as adrenal mass by Computed Tomography (CT) evaluation. The second case presented with right flank pain, haematuria and weight loss which was suspected on Ultrasonography (USG) and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) as an adrenal mass. The third patient presented with bilateral pedal oedema and suspected adrenal mass was found on USG. All three cases were histopathologically confirmed as adrenal myelolipoma and managed by surgical excision. The uniqueness of the case lies in its early detection due to technological advancements and hence proper management of the patients.
Analysis of the Frequency of the Toll-like 2 Gene Polymorphism in Leprosy
Authors: Abrahão Silva Marcos Jessé , Cordeiro dos Santos Everaldina , Rodrigues Yan Corrêa , Batista Lima Karla Valéria , Costa Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim
Published: February 2022

Polymorphisms in genes that are responsible for encoding cytokines and receptors involved in the immune response, such as Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 in leprosy, are of great interest for immunogenetic studies. This work aimed to analyze the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), synonymous, rs3804100 of the TLR2 gene with leprosy. The study was conducted in Bacteriology and Mycology section of Evandro Chagas Institute, Brazil between August 2020 and July 2021.The scope of the study consisted of 122 subjects from cities of Goianésia, Rondon, Curionópolis, Altamira, Parauapebas and Redenção of the State of Pará, Brazil. Genotyping was performed by conventional PCR and sequencing in the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems®) using primer nucleotides designed by the Primer3Plus program from the genomic region “Homo sapiens toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) transcript variant X6, mRNA”, deposited in GenBank with reference XM_011532216.2. The analyzes were performed based on Fisher's exact test. It was managed in accordance with Helsinki Declaration and the Brazilian National Health Council and with approval of the ethics committee at Evandro Chagas Institute, under opinion number: 3.950.570. No associations between gender and leprosy were possible (P> 0.05). However, associations were observed between age groups, which were significant between those over 46 years old (P=0.004) and the 2nd dose of BCG as a more protective agent between the groups analyzed (P=0.004). For the subjects with the typed genotypes, 68 contacts had T/T genotype and only 4 T/C genotypes, while in multibacillary (MB) group only 1 T/C genotype was found and none in paucibacillary (PB) (P> 0.05). We conclude that there is no association between the TLR2 SNP rs3804100 and leprosy in the Pará population, which still indicates the need for new immunogenetic studies with other genes involved in the immune response and a greater number of polymorphisms.
Effect of Different Kinds of Water on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean
Authors: Giri Y. Y. , Anjaiah T. , Padmaja G. , Srinivas A. , Meena A. , Pandit V. B.
Published: February 2022

A field experiment conducted at International Crops Research Institutefor the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India to study the effect of different quality of water on growth, yield and water use efficiency of soybean during rabi 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) and replicated fivetimes with three treatments i.e. untreated wastewater, treated wastewater and fresh water. The result of the present study indicate that untreated wastewater affect plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production, number of pod per plant, test weight, seed yield and straw yield significantly. Highest seed yield of soybean was observed in untreated wastewater (22.20 q ha-1) in relation to wastewater and freshwater. Higher value of growth attributes and yield attributes were found in untreated wastewater. Highest water use efficiency of soybean was also recorded in untreated wastewater treatment. This study, it concluded untreated wastewater increased growth attributes, yield attributes and yield and also water use efficiency due to presence of enough amount of nutrient in untreated wastewater and less amount of heavy metal that help to achieve maximum seed yield and water use efficiency in soybean.
Determination of Insecticidal Potential of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) Lectin through Bio-computational Tools
Authors: Kumar Prajapat Rakesh , Mainkar Pawan , Sahoo Sarika , . RekhaKansal
Published: February 2022

Plant and animals are the chief source of lectins playing important role in defense system against various pathogens. Lentil (Lens culinaris) lectin (LL) binds to polysaccharides and other glycoconjugates in a reversibly manner which contain glucose or mannose type sugars. In present investigation, the insecticidal potential of LL is determined through In-silico study by using various bio-computational tools against mustard aphid. The physico-chemical property of LL also exhibited theoretical pI is 5.22, GRAVY value is -0.086, aliphatic index is 78.33 and instability index is 27.51. The functional domain exposure of LL showed metal interacting and N-linked glycosylated amino acid residues. The structural behavior and biological activity of LL protein is determined by secondary structure prediction and its other attributes. Present investigation explores the potential of insecticidal activity of lentil lectin against mustard aphid by using numerous In silico approaches. This probably helps in understanding of LL three dimensional protein structures.
Appraisal of the Sources and Uses of Agricultural Credits for Increased Food Productivity by Farmers in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Johnny B. , Odinwa A. B. , Ekeogu C. O.
Published: February 2022

The study appraised the sources and uses of agricultural credits for increased food productivity by farmers in Delta State, the specific objectives were to: describe the socio economic characteristics of farmers, examine the level of accessibility of agricultural credits to farmers and verify the uses of available agricultural credits by farmers, in Delta State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used to appraise the farmers. A sample size of two hundred and eighty-eight (288) respondents were randomly selected from three local government areas in Delta State and used for the study. Descriptive statistics such as percentage, arithmetic mean and weighted mean scores were used to analyze the collated data. Also, inferential statistical tools such as: Linear regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed for test of significance at 0.05% level of probability. The findings showed as regards the socio economic characteristics of the farmers that the mean age of the respondents was 46 years old and were mostly married women in Burutu and Ugelli LGAs, except in Aniocha LGA where the married men constituted the majority. It showed that household size (3.781*), years of experience (2.778*), age (2.233*), marital status (1.362*), contact with extension agents (1.129*), level of education (1.109*) and farm size (0.914*) had positive relationships with the farmers’ accessibility to agricultural credits at 5% significant level. The findings indicated that Personal savings, Loan from Cooperative societies, Bank of Agriculture (BOA), Micro Finance Bank and the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme among other formal and informal sources of agricultural credits were highly accessible to farmers in the area. It further showed that accessed agricultural credits were highly used to: Purchase farm tools/equipments (spade, wheelbarrow, hoe, cutlasses, etc. (GM = 3.40), Purchase farm inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, feeds (GM 3.22), Construct fish ponds (GM = 2.89), Purchase processing equipments (GM = 3.10), Pay children school fees (GM = 3.03), Building family house (GM = 2.98), House management (GM = 2.96), and buy car or motor cycle (GM = 2.95) among other uses. The study therefore recommends among others that: Adequate Extension personnel be recruited and trained by the State government for supervision and recouping of government agricultural loans, State government should design a method that would capture only the real farmers on the farm to access agricultural credits for expansion of farms and for real farming, Extension agents should be encouraged to school, supervise and help farmers to form and participate actively in farmers cooperative societies for easy access of credits for their mutual benefits, and A drastic measure to be put in place by the government of the day to punish defaulters who bridge the revolving loans from circulation in the State.
Effectiveness of Methanol Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf as Antibacterial Drug to Bacterial Triggers of Urinary Tract Infections In vitro
Authors: Arodes Evy Suryani , Cing Jap Mai , Sitompul Fransiska , Kurniaty Linggom , Sunarti Lusia Sri , Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: February 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. This study aimed to measure the lowest concentration of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf that did not show any growth of the tested microorganisms.

Methods: The antibacterial activity test was adapted from the CLSI broth microdilution assay, with minor modifications, were used for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extracts against tested bacteria. Three concentrations higher than the MIC standard were cultured on the MHA. The lowest concentration on agar which was not found any growth of the bacterial colonies was determined as the MBC.

Results: The antibacterial activity test results showed that Moringa leaf extract could inhibit bacterial growth. Inhibition of bacterial growth based on extract concentration. For E. coli bacteria, the results showed the highest absorbance value at 100mg/ml concentration (2.86±0.02); even when diluted to 3,13 mg/ml (1.08±0.01), the moringa leaf extracts could inhibit the E. coli growth, although the value did not differ greatly from that of the negative control (0.13±0.06). The same as E. coli, the antibacterial activity test results showed that moringa leaf extract could inhibit others bacteria growth of UTIs.

Conclusions: Methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf can inhibit and bactericide the growth of urinary tract infections bacteria.
A Case Report on Stoneman Syndrome
Authors: Patil Sakshi Janardhan , Meshram Khushbu , Kasturkar Pooja , Sakharwade Prerana , Khandar Jaya , Sakharkar Sheetal
Published: February 2022

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive is a debilitating autosomal dominant disease characterized by postnatal progressive heterotopic which tissue that connects things together ossification and congenital deformities of the big toes. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva affects about one out of every two million newborns born world wide.

Almost ninetypercent of people with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva are misdiagnosed and treated wrongly, resulting in ineffective treatments. Approximately 700 cases have been identified so far around the world. Clinical examinations, radiographic evaluations, and ACVR1 gene mutation testing are all considered confirmatory approaches for early illness diagnosis.

Case Presentation: We're reporting on the case of a 45-year-old man who was admittedt in our facility.

He had clinical and radiological evidence of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressing, as well as multiple painful lumps on his back due to hard masses and rigidity of his shoulders, neck, and left hip.His left hip ossification was surgically removed, but he experienced an increased ossification reaction and early impairment as a result.

Conclusion: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive is an uncommon and severe illness that, if misdiagnosed, can result in inappropriate surgical intervention and early paralysis with disastrous consequences.

We need to educate clinicians and patients' families concerning the disease, as well as its symptoms for early detection and how to prevent flare-ups, in order to improve quality of life.
Tooth Loss Patterns in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Ravichandran Vigneshwaran , Jeevitha M. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to study the tooth loss pattern in patients with chronic periodontitis and hypertension.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Materials and Methods: The case sheet records (DIAS data) of tooth loss pattern in hypertensive patients with chronic periodontitis were extracted. A total of 1318 case sheets were analysed for the study. Age, gender and tooth loss pattern with respect to the region were collected and statistically analysed. Descriptive statistics (Percentage, Mean, Standard deviation) and Inferential test (Chi- square test) were performed to determine the association between age, gender and tooth loss pattern in patients with chronic periodontitis and hypertension.

Results: The results showed that that females were affected more with tooth loss with hypertension with chronic periodontitis when compared to males. According to age, patients between 50 to 70 years with chronic periodontitis and hypertension were more affected by tooth loss (p value = 0.001 (p<0.05; Statistically significant)).

Conclusion: The present study highlighted a possible relationship between hypertension and tooth loss due to chronic periodontitis. Loss of mandibular posterior teeth were more common and females were more prone to tooth loss than males with hypertension due to chronic periodontitis. However, the underlying mechanism has to be further investigated in a different study design, thus more conclusive findings would be elucidated.
Psychological Problems in Geriatric-Age Group in Rural Area
Authors: Borode Aishwarya Sanjay , Sheikh Simran , Chakole Swarupa
Published: February 2022

Background: The study focuses on the factors that affect psychological health, medical ailments, nutrition, family support to the elderly of the rural area in the Wardha district of Maharashtra and also the solutions of the same.

Aim: To assess psychological problems in the geriatric age group in rural area.

Objectives: To find out the occurrence of health problems, common psychological and physical stressors faced, and the percentage of old age people residing with family who feel neglected in rural areas.

Methodology: Cross sectional study with simple random sampling of 200 elderly above 60yrs of age residing   in rural area of Wardha district from February 1, 2020 to March 1, 2020 with a preformed questionnaire.

Results: amongst the study sample, it was found that tobacco chewing (50%), anaemia (40%) and hypertension (46%) were found to be major physical stressors. While poor concentration (40%), sleep disturbances (50%) and family neglect (71%), increased health expenditure (82%), limitation in physical activity (48%), decrease in social life (68%) were common psychological stressors affecting the life of geriatric population.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the above study, there is an crucial need for the government to make action plans regarding old age pensions, proper nutrition and essential health facilities and sustaining the moral values which can make the younger generations feel more responsible towards the geriatric age group.
Anticancer Activity of Aegle Marmelos on Human Hepg2 Cells by Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression
Authors: Sushmitha V. , Sridevi G. , Selvaraj J. , Preetha S.
Published: February 2022

Background: Aegle marmelos belong to the family rutaceae. It is commonly known as Bael. It is used in traditional medicine, as it has antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antiviral, radio-protective, anticancer, chemo-preventive properties which are of great medicinal use. Liver cancer is the 5th most common type of cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form, which originates from the liver. Aegle marmelos is said to inhibit the proliferative action of cancer cells.

Objective: To investigate the role of Aegle marmelos against human liver cancer cells (HEP G2 cell line) by inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases which is responsible for spread of cancer.

Materials and methods: HEP G2 cell lines were procured from NCCS (National center for cell sciences) Pune, India. It was cultured and viability of the cells before and after adding the extract was analysed using the MTT assay. mRNA amplification was done using real time PCR. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and dunken’s multiple test. Corresponding graphs are also plotted.

Results: The viability of the cells decreased from 100% to 50%. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased after the addition of the extract.

Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that Aegle marmelos, a novel innovative anticancer drug inhibited the proliferative action of liver cancer cells by reducing the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9 and possesses anti-cancer activity.
Regulating the Tensile Properties of a Nano‐Lamellar Austenitic Stainless Steel via Cryogenic Electropulsing
Authors: Dong Yuang , Ben Dandan , Yang Huajie , Shao Xiaohong , Wang Xuegang , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: February 2022

Electropulsing treatment (EPT) in the liquid nitrogen (LN) circumstances, referred to as LN‐EPT, is utilized to regulate the microstructure and tensile properties of a cold‐rolled 316L austenitic stainless steel. The electropulsing effects between the samples treated in the ambient environment at room temperature (RT) and in the LN temperature are compared. The results confirm that the LN‐EPT‐processed samples can also realize a fully recrystallized microstructure, and even the Joule heat is significantly suppressed compared with the RT‐EPT samples. The tensile properties of the LN‐EPT samples show both higher yield strength and higher ultimate strength while keeping considerable elongations compared with the RT‐EPT samples because of the finer recrystallized structure in the LN‐EPT samples. This attempt of LN‐EPT may shed some new light on developing the cryogenic electropulsing‐assisted forming methods for metals in the future.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinoxalines and 3‐Arylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via Aryldiazonium Salts
Authors: Liu Fu , Chen Li‐Ning , Chen Ai‐Min , Ye Zhi‐Peng , Wang Zhi‐Wei , Liu Zhi‐Lin , He Xian‐Chen , Li Shu‐Hui , Xia Peng‐Ju
Published: February 2022

A green synthesis strategy of 2‐arylquinoxalines and 3‐arylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via ball milling, which could avoid copious solvent waste, was accomplished in this work. Aryl radicals were produced from aryldiazonium salts by using a solvent‐free or catalyst‐free single electron transfer process induced by mechanical force, affording a series of 2‐arylquinoxalines and 3‐arylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with 28%–85 yield.

magnified image
Buried pipeline installation impacts on soil structure and crop root decomposition
Authors: Ebrahimi Elnaz , Tekeste Mehari Z. , Horton Robert , Hanna H. Mark
Published: February 2022

The severe manipulation of soil that occurs in the right‐of‐way (ROW) easement areas for pipeline installation leads to soil degradation and yield loss. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of the Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure method (VESS) and root litter sampling as alternative ways to characterize pipeline installation impacts on soil degradation. Digital images of aggregate specimens and root samples were obtained from disturbed (trenched and highly trafficked ROW areas) and undisturbed (adjacent to the ROW) soil profiles one month after maize (Zea mays L.) harvest in Iowa. Images of soil aggregates indicated that pipeline installation deteriorated soil structure. Root attributes were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the ROW activities. The non‐decomposed root mass in the highly trafficked area (3,568 kg ha–1) was two times greater than the root mass in undisturbed soil (1,779 kg ha–1). These data provide evidence that soil structure quality and root decomposition rates are affected by soil disturbance. The VESS and root measurements can be used in future studies to evaluate the impacts of soil disturbance.
Food security implications for low‐ and middle‐income countries under agricultural input reduction: The case of the European Union's farm to fork and biodiversity strategies
Authors: Baquedano Felix , Jelliffe Jeremy , Beckman Jayson , Ivanic Maros , Zereyesus Yacob , Johnson Michael
Published: February 2022

Policies that restrict the use of agricultural inputs have been shown to reduce output, farmers' incomes, and increase food prices, which could ultimately lead to more food insecurity. In this paper, we consider the EU Farm to Fork Strategy's proposed reductions of agricultural inputs on food security in 77 low‐ and middle‐income countries under two implementation scenarios: EU‐only and Global. Our findings indicate that compared with the status quo, each scenario results in a net increase in food insecurity, which ranges from 30 million (EU‐only) to 171 million (Global) by 2030.
Inequality aversion and consumer ethnocentrism: Food consumer preferences for payoff distributions to farm producers
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Su Ye
Published: February 2022

There are few empirical explanations for consumer preferences for payoff distributions across the agri‐food value chain in terms of psychographic characteristics. In the context of product origin, we contribute to the literature with an incentivized experiment to estimate preferences for payoff distributions among Missouri beef consumers, Missouri beef producers, and non‐Missouri beef producers on the basis of inequality aversion and consumer ethnocentrism. According to the results, Missouri beef consumers not only have self‐regarding preferences but also other‐regarding preferences in case of payoff distributions, in particular toward Missouri beef producers. We explain such preferences from the perspective of consumer ethnocentrism. Specifically, Missouri beef consumers who have a higher degree of state‐level ethnocentrism also have a higher degree of aversion to inequalities among themselves and Missouri beef producers. Although few food consumers appear to be highly ethnocentric, there may exist potential to segment on the basis of state‐level ethnocentrism. Other implications and research directions are also discussed.
Sulfur infiltration and allotrope formation in porous cathode hosts for lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Grabe Sean , Baboo Joseph Paul , Tennison Stephen , Zhang Teng , Lekakou Constantina , Andritsos Eleftherios I. , Cai Qiong , Downes Stephen , Hinder Stephen , Watts John F.
Published: February 2022

We investigate sulfur infiltration and formation of lower order allotropes in heated porous hosts during fabrication of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery cathodes. Sulfur existence in cathode ultramicropores has been an important question for Li‐S batteries, as ultramicropores reduce the polysulfides “shuttle effect” but also delay sulfur dissolution and Li+ ion diffusion in the trapped solid sulfur. A novel continuum‐level model is presented including heat transfer and sulfur infiltration, either from the top of a porous host or from the porous host particle surface, and taking into account the pore size distribution. A novel decay factor in modeling sulfur infiltration incorporates the pore wall repulsion energy and allotrope formation energy (predicted by density functional theory [DFT] simulations). Simulations are performed for a microporous carbon fabric host and an activated carbon powder host with bimodal micropore and macropore size distribution, with Raman and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy confirming the predicted existence of linear S6 and S4 in ultramicropores.
Orangutan strategies for solving a visuospatial memory task
Authors: Martin Christopher F. , Shumaker Robert W.
Published: February 2022

The popular game known as Concentration (also commonly referred to as Memory), in which players search for matching pairs among a grid of face‐down cards, provides a robust platform for examining visuospatial memory in a simple and nonverbal way. Five orangutans (Pongossp.) at the Indianapolis Zoo were given a modified version of the Concentration Game in which three cards were shown face‐down on a computer screen, two of which matched each other while the third was a foil. Subjects overturned two cards at a time by touching them, with trials terminating in a food reward if the overturned cards matched, or reverting to their face‐down position if they did not. A constraint was experimentally imposed on the game whereby the first two cards touched would never match, resulting in an optimal strategy composed of touching the first two cards, followed by the third, followed by the card among the first two cards that matched the third. We aimed to measure the extent to which orangutans would memorize and utilize visuospatial cues to solve the task in the optimal manner. Findings showed that three of five subjects utilized an optimal strategy more often than would be expected by chance, but also over utilized specific patterns of choices instead of adjusting their strategies to minimize the overall number of card flips. Visuospatial recall played a role in several of the participants’ strategies for completing the task, but not to an extent that was necessary to achieve optimal gameplay.
Ein sich umstrukturierender [4Fe‐3S‐nO]‐Cluster in einem Kohlenmonoxid‐Dehydrogenase‐Gerüst
Authors: Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Fesseler Jochen , Domnik Lilith , Klemke Friederike , Sinnreich Malte , Teutloff Christian , Dobbek Holger
Published: February 2022

Ni,Fe‐haltige Kohlenmonoxid‐Dehydrogenasen (CODHs) katalysieren die reversible Reduktion von CO2 zu CO. Mehrere anaerobe Mikroorganismen enthalten mehrere CODHs in ihrem Genom, von denen einigen, obwohl sie als CODHs annotiert sind, ein Cystein des kanonischen Bindungsmotivs für den Ni,Fe‐Cluster im aktiven Zentrum fehlt. Hier berichten wir über die Struktur und Reaktivität eines solchen abweichenden Enzyms, das als CooS‐VCh bezeichnet wird. Seine Struktur weist das typische CODH‐Gerüst auf, enthält aber einen Eisen‐Schwefel‐Oxo‐Hybrid‐Cluster. Obwohl es eng mit den echten CODHs verwandt ist, katalysiert CooS‐VCh weder die CO‐Oxidation noch die CO2‐Reduktion. Das aktive Zentrum der CooS‐VCh durchläuft eine redoxabhängige Umstrukturierung zwischen einem reduzierten [4Fe‐3S]‐Cluster und einem oxidierten [4Fe‐2S‐S*‐2O‐2(H2O)]‐Cluster. Hydroxylamin, ein langsam reagierendes Substrat von CooS‐VCh, oxidiert den Hybrid‐Cluster in zwei strukturell unterscheidbaren Schritten. Insgesamt reichen geringfügige Änderungen in CODHs aus, um einen Fe/S/O‐Cluster anstelle des Ni,Fe‐Heterokuban‐Clusters der CODHs unterzubringen.