bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agglutinating Secretory IgA Preserves Intestinal Epithelial Cell Integrity during Apical Infection by Shigella flexneri
Authors: Mathias Amandine , Longet Stéphanie , Corthésy Blaise
Published: June 2013

Shigella flexneri, by invading intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and inducing inflammatory responses of the colonic mucosa, causes bacillary dysentery. Although M cells overlying Peyer's patches are commonly considered the primary site of entry ofS. flexneri, indirect evidence suggests that bacteria can also use IECs as a portal of entry to the lamina propria. Passive delivery of secretory IgA (SIgA), the major immunoglobulin secreted at mucosal surfaces, has been shown to protect rabbits from experimental shigellosis, but no information exists as to its molecular role in maintaining luminal epithelial integrity. We have established that the interaction of virulentS. flexneriwith the apical pole of a model intestinal epithelium consisting of polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers resulted in the progressive disruption of the tight junction network and actin depolymerization, eventually resulting in cell death. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific agglutinating SIgAC5 monoclonal antibody (MAb), but not monomeric IgAC5 or IgGC20 MAbs of the same specificity, achieved protective functions through combined mechanisms, including limitation of the interaction betweenS. flexneriand epithelial cells, maintenance of the tight junction seal, preservation of the cell morphology, reduction of NF-κB nuclear translocation, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediator secretion. Our results add to the understanding of the function of SIgA-mediated immune exclusion by identifying a mode of action whereby the formation of immune complexes translates into maintenance of the integrity of epithelial cells lining the mucosa. This novel mechanism of protection mediated by SIgA is important to extend the arsenal of effective strategies to fight againstS. flexnerimucosal invasion.
Role of Klebsiella pneumoniae Type 1 and Type 3 Fimbriae in Colonizing Silicone Tubes Implanted into the Bladders of Mice as a Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Murphy Caitlin N. , Mortensen Martin S. , Krogfelt Karen A. , Clegg Steven
Published: June 2013

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are biofilm-mediated infections that cause a significant economic and health burden in nosocomial environments. Using a newly developed murine model of this type of infection, we investigated the role of fimbriae in implant-associated urinary tract infections by the Gram-negative bacterium
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, which is a proficient biofilm former and a commonly isolated nosocomial pathogen. Studies have shown that type 1 and type 3 fimbriae are involved in attachment and biofilm formation
in vitro
, and these fimbrial types are suspected to be important virulence factors during infection. To test this hypothesis, the virulence of fimbrial mutants was assessed in independent challenges in which mouse bladders were inoculated with the wild type or a fimbrial mutant and in coinfection studies in which the wild type and fimbrial mutants were inoculated together to assess the results of a direct competition in the urinary tract. Using these experiments, we were able to show that both fimbrial types serve to enhance colonization and persistence. Additionally, a double mutant had an additive colonization defect under some conditions, indicating that both fimbrial types have unique roles in the attachment and persistence in the bladder and on the implant itself. All of these mutants were outcompeted by the wild type in coinfection experiments. Using these methods, we are able to show that type 1 and type 3 fimbriae are important colonization factors in the murine urinary tract when an implanted silicone tube is present.
Primary mesenteric lymphangioma in a young adult with intestinal malrotation and ‘counter-clockwise barber pole sign’
Authors: Singh Neha , Singh Ragini , Maheswari Udbhav , Aga Pallavi
Published: June 2013

Mesenteric lymphangiomas are uncommon benign lesions that usually occur in isolation but rarely may be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) malrotation. Malrotation may cause chronic and recurrent volvulus leading to chronic venous congestion and lymphatic engorgement. Interference with lymphatic drainage may result in formation of a lymphangioma or a chylous mesenteric cyst. In our case, mesenteric lymphangioma was present with partial malrotation of small and large bowel. There was no radiological and surgical evidence of volvulus, favouring the hypothesis that lymphangioma may be a primary congenital association of GI malrotation. Another interesting finding was the counter-clockwise twisting of the superior mesenteric vein around the superior mesenteric artery which has been reported only seven times in the literature.
Cold agglutinin-induced haemolysis in association with antinuclear antibody-negative SLE
Authors: Chaubey Vinod K , Chhabra Lovely
Published: June 2013

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease associated with several autoantibodies targeted to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) is considered an important diagnostic marker of SLE. However, 2–3% of patients with typical clinical picture of SLE may have persistently negative ANA tests. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) in SLE is usually mediated by warm IgG anti-erythrocyte antibodies. Our report describes a female patient who presented with clinical manifestations of SLE including photosensitivity, joint pains and AIHA. Further workup revealed high cold IgM agglutinin titres. A comprehensive workup for infectious aetiologies was negative. Autoimmune studies revealed negative ANA, but positive anti-double-stranded DNA and antiphospholipid antibodies. Lymphoproliferative disorder was excluded by imaging studies. Initial treatment with steroids proved of little benefit; however, rituximab resulted in significant clinical improvement. To the best of our knowledge, this is perhaps the first report of ANA-negative SLE presenting with cold AIHA.
Left-sided appendicitis in children with congenital gastrointestinal malrotation: a diagnostic pitfall in the emergency department
Authors: Taslakian Bedros , Issa Ghada , Hourani Roula , Akel Samir
Published: June 2013

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency surgery. However, acute appendicitis presenting with left lower quadrant abdominal pain is extremely rare. Imaging, particularly CT , plays an important role in establishing an accurate and prompt diagnosis, as delay in diagnosis may occur due to lack of uniformity in the clinical signs and symptoms. We report a rare case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with persistent left lower quadrant pain of several days duration, in which the CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was essential in establishing the correct diagnosis. The malpositioned inflamed appendix was clearly identified in the left side of the abdomen, with the characteristic CT findings of uncomplicated intestinal malrotation. Left-sided acute appendicitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young patients presenting with left lower quadrant pain, in order to avoid delay in diagnosis and guide the surgical intervention.
What lies beneath
Authors: O'Sullivan Padraig , Ogbonnaya Ebere , Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran , Marks Charles
Published: June 2013

Haemangiopericytomas are a group of aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that originate from the pericytes in the walls of capillaries. Local invasion of the surrounding structures is not uncommon. Symptoms depend on the location, size and grade of tumour. Coexistence with a benign tumour in the same location is very rare. We report an interesting case of occipital scalp lipoma with an underlying torcular haemangiopericytoma and skull defect.
Cryptogenic organising pneumonia presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Kahraman Hasan , Tokur Mahmut , Sayar Hamide , Inci Mehmet Fatih
Published: June 2013

Cryptogenic organising pneumonia is not considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We submitted a patient presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We suspected diagnosis of sarcoidosis, but the patient was diagnosed as cryptogenic organising pneumonia with the histological result. This is the second case report of cryptogenic organising pneumonia presenting with bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.
Republished research: Facilitated physical activity as a treatment for depressed adults: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chalder Melanie , Wiles Nicola J , Campbell John , Hollinghurst Sandra P , Haase Anne M , Taylor Adrian H , Fox Kenneth R , Costelloe Ceire , Searle Aidan , Baxter Helen , Winder Rachel , Wright Christine , Turner Katrina M , Calnan Michael , Lawlor Deborah A , Peters Tim J , Sharp Deborah J , Montgomery Alan A , Lewis Glyn
Published: June 2013

Study question

Does facilitated physical activity provide an effective treatment for adults with depression presenting in primary care?

Summary answer

Although trial participants receiving the physical activity intervention in addition to usual care reported increased physical activity compared with those receiving usual care alone, there was no evidence to suggest that the intervention brought about any improvement in depressive symptoms or reduction in antidepressant use.

What is known and what this paper adds

Numerous studies have reported the positive effects of physical activity, but most of the current evidence originates from small non-clinical samples using interventions that are not practicable in a healthcare setting. Our results indicate that offering patients a facilitated physical activity intervention is not an effective strategy for reducing symptoms of depression, although it increased self reported physical activity and sustained this effect over 12 months.
HYPERMOBILITY- A RISK FACTOR FOR RECURRENT SHOULDER DISLOCATIONS
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Adeel , Jenkins Paul , Ashton Fiona , Robinson Christopher Michael
Published: June 2013

Background

Hypermobility is associated with increased risk of sporting injuries. This study was performed to assess the risk of recurrent shoulder dislocations in patients with hypermobility.

Methods

Prospective data was collected for 38 patients with primary shoulder dislocations between October 2008 and July 2009 including demographic details, contact sport played, hypermobility, family history of laxity and Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS). Electronic records from emergency and orthopaedic departments were checked in January 2013 to confirm recurrent shoulder dislocation. Beighton score of 6 or above was used for hypermobility. Brighton criteria were used to diagnose BJHS.

Results

The mean age was 25 years (range 15–55). There were 35 males and 3 females. twenty-two patients (58%) were involved in contact sports and most common sport played was rugby in twelve patients (55%). The mean Beighton score for these patients was 3.6 (range 0–9). Ten patients (26%) in this group had a Beighton score of 6 or more indicating hypermobility (Group A). twenty-eight patients (74%) had Beighton score less than 6 (Group B).

The mean age for Group A (10 patients) was 26 years (range 15–55). There were 9 males and 1 female. Five patients were involved in contact sports. Six patients (60%) in this group had a recurrent shoulder dislocation. The mean Beighton score for these patients was 7.4 (range 6–9). Three patients (30%) had BJHS and six patients (60%) had a family history of laxity.

The mean age for Group B (28 patients) was 25 years (range 15–44). There were 26 males and 2 females. Eleven patients (39%) were involved in contact sports. The mean Beighton score for these patients was 2 (range 0–5). One patient (3%) had BJHS and three patients (11%) had a family history of laxity. Eleven patients (39%) in this group had a recurrent shoulder dislocation.

Discussion/Conclusion

Hypermobile patients had a higher incidence of recurrent shoulder dislocations (60% vs 39%). 30% patients fulfilled the Brighton criteria for BJHS and 60% had a family history of laxity. These factors should be assessed in patients after primary shoulder dislocation to decide appropriate rehabilitation and treatment plan to prevent recurrence.
PROHIBITED METHODES AND SUBSTANCES ABUSE IN IRANIAN FITNESS ATHLETES AND ITS RELATION TO COGNITIVE FACTORS
Authors: Same-Siahkalroodi L , Golshanraz A , Poor-Kazemi L
Published: June 2013

Introduction

We have studied prohibited methods and substances in athletes of fitness at 2011–2012. This study aimed to determine the relations between cognitive variables (self-efficacy, locus of Control, and dysfunctional attitudes) and psychological factors towards prohibited methods and substances in fitness.

Methods

300 subjects investigated that comprised a case group of drug abuser and a control group. Each group contained male between 15 to 25 years. Participants were matched, based on salient demographics including age, sex, educational level and social class. The sampling method was simple random from various fitness clubs of Tehran, Iran. They were then studied by self-efficacy questionnaire, locus of control scale, dysfunctional attitude scale, and general health questionnaire. Hypotheses tested by variance analysis and Tukey's test. A structural equation model was developed based on the strength of relationships between these outcome measures.

Results

Our findings showed that athletes abusing prohibited methods and substances had a lower self-efficacy, more dysfunctional attitudes, and exhibited external locus of control rather than control groups. They were also more sensitive to psychological morbidity. Most of relations were statistically significant.

Discussion

In general, the possible reasons toward doping including: Increased energy levels.1Increase the visual beauty.2Develop a positive self-concept.3Building self-confidence.4Develop a psychological balance.5The role of coach6. In this situation, abusing prohibited methods and substances may offer to the athlete a quick solution for coping with the extant pressure. Our findings were in accordance with the theoretical basis of cognitive psychology. More than 85% of all the athletes of fitness included in our study do rely on increased physical energy.
CAN WE TEST SWIMMING LESSONS SKILLS IN DROWNING PREVENTION?
Authors: Oliveira Liliana , Aranha Agata , Resende Rui , Cardoso Elsa , Pimenta Nuno , Garrido Nuno
Published: June 2013

Background

Drowning is the third leading cause of death worldwide (WHO, 2010). According to Brenner et al (2009) participating in swimming lessons (SL) can reduce by 88% the risk of drowning in children 1–4 years old, despite some controversy regarding the most appropriate swimming programs (Ward, 2009). On the other hand no studies tested the skills acquired in SL in drowning prevention. So we proposed a test to evaluate the survivability of a child that accidentally falls into the water.

Methods

Twenty two children (4.68±0.82yrs) who practice SL (2.01±0.91yrs/practice) were subjected to two tests: aquatic readiness (AR) (Stallmanet al, 2008); and survival test (ST), which consisted of an inflatable boat ride (unknown pool; presence of the usual swim teacher; wearing t-shirt) which 'accidentally' turns. Recorded images were later observed by 6 field experts whose observations obtained an overall index of concordance (IC) of 89%.

Results

In ST 15 children had positive responses (n=10, 100% IC; n=1, 66% IC; n=1, 83% IC; n=3, 50% IC) and 7 (n=6, 100% IC; n=1, 66% IC) would be in danger.

Conclusions

Through this test, we found that not all children whose result was positive in AR had a positive performance in the ST. This brings us to observe according to Langendörfer (2011) that the positive or negative response of the subject depends on the interaction of various constraints such as individual characteristics, the environment conditions, and the state in which the swimmer is. The application of ST suggests that the inclusion of safety and prevention activities in swimming lessons, aiming to develop attitudes and motor skills as a defense to drowning, must be taken into account. More studies are necessary to provide valid information to assist pediatricians in advising parents regarding what type of SL are more appropriate to reduce drowning.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Saavedra Francisco , Alves José , Oliveira Liliana , Garrido Nuno , Sousa Nélson , Reis Victor
Published: June 2013

Background

Chronic heart failure is a complex syndrome manifested by hemodynamic disturbances, exercise intolerance, increased mortality and reduced quality of life (Heidenreichet al., 2006). Besides impaired cardiac function, a variety of changes in peripheral skeletal muscles may contribute to the major and debilitating symptoms of chronic heart failure, dyspnea and fatigue (Coatset al., 1994). The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of quality of life and physical performance in patients with heart failure.

Methods

A total of 47 patients, of both genders, with chronic heart failure, were recruited (55,5±12,3 years), and divided into two groups. One group (n=28) clinical and another group (n=19) surgical. Fifty five percent of the patients had NYHA class III and forty five percent NYHA class III. Quality of life was assessed, in both groups, with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (Rector et al; 1992). The physical activity level was measured by an accelerometer (number of steps) during seven consecutive days.

Results

For the quality of life, were found significant differences (p ≤0.05), in the physical dimensions of chronic heart failure patients. The surgical group showed a better quality of life. Considering the physical activity, the clinical group appear with better performance (p≤0,01). In the daily activities, there weren't observed vigorous or very vigorous intensity activities.

Conclusions

These results indicate that chronic heart failure patients differ in their daily physical activity, especially in high-impact activities, due to age, gender, and disease progression (Rector, 2005). Further investigation should be directed towards the impact of the different components of the rehabilitation process upon quality of live improvement in patients with chronic heart failure.
EFFECT OF COMPLEX AND CONTRAST TRAINING ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIO-MOTOR VARIABLES OF MEN SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Kanniyan A S , Syed Ibrahim
Published: June 2013

Introduction

Complex training is a workout comprising of resistance exercise followed by a matched plyometric exercise whereas Contrast training is a set of heavy resistance repetitions followed immediately by an unloaded, explosive exercise utilizing the same movement pattern (www.pponline.co.uk). There are different viewpoints on the effects of complex and contrast training on different components of sports performance variables. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of complex and contrast training on selected physiological and bio-motor variables of men soccer players.

Method

To achieve the purpose of the study, 36 men players between the age group 18 and 25 were selected as subjects. They were divided into three equal groups (n=12). Group-1 underwent complex training; Group-2 underwent contrast training and Group-3 acted as control group which only took part in their normal playing session. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables viz, speed, muscular endurance, cardio-respiratory endurance, blood pressure and resting pulse rate. The duration of training was 10 weeks for all the three groups. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant difference if any, among the experimental and control groups on the selected criterion variables separately. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 at all levels. Sheffe's test was used as post hoc test.

Results

The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences among complex training group and contrast training group and the control group in all of the physiological and bio-motor variables selected for the study. Though for some of the variables, complex training group has better improvement, contrast training group has also showed significant performance in most of the physiological and bio-motor variables.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the complex and contrast training is beneficial for training groups that seek improvements in the selected criterion variables.
THE USE OF NEUTRACEUTICALS IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE MEDICINE
Authors: Johnson David , Johnson-Verma S
Published: June 2013

Introduction

Athletes and weekend warriors alike periodically suffer from musculoskeletal injuries resulting in loss of training time and in some cases, missed competitions. Even everyday training produces micro-trauma and has its own recovery demands.

Methodology

Review paper. This presentation will focus on evidence-based usage of particular nutrients on the various phases of the soft tissue injury healing process.

Discussion

There is evidence to suggest the successful use of particular nutraceuticals aiding the athletes' recovery. Examples include omega-3 oils, Curcumin, vitamin-d, methylsulfonyl methane (MSM), Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate and proteolytic enzymes.

Conclusion

This review and its findings can be incorporated into everyday sports and exercise medicine practice.
EFFECTS OF CREATINE AND GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTS IN COMPARISON WITH PROPER NUTRITION ON WRESTLERS
Authors: Abbasalipour Masoud , Hashemi A
Published: June 2013

Aim

In this study, we investigated the effects of glutamine and creatine supplements and proper nutrition on hand grip strength and agility of athletes.

Materials and Methods

The samples for this study included 28 elite wrestlers of Mazandaran province, Iran aged 18 to 25 years old. They were randomly divided into four groups. Proper nutrition with carbohydrate solution made of 5% honey instead of water, creatine supplement group (0.3 g/Kg/ for 15 days), glutamine group (0.3 g/kg for 15 days), control group. After a usual warm-up exercises for 15 minutes, for the agility test, 9x4 agility test was performed and following a 10-min rest period, subjects used hand grip for the grip strength test; after 15 days of glutamine and creatine supplements and proper nutrition consumptions, the physical performance tests were conducted in the same condition. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.

Results

Statistical analysis of the grip strength and agility in post test showed significant difference between the proper nutrition, in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, it seems that through proper nutrition (which provides all necessary substances for an elite athlete) there is no need for these supplementation agents and the proper nutrition can be used as an alternative for these supplements.

Conclusion

The group which received the proper nutrition showed more increase in speed and power performance compared to the creatine and glutamine groups. It seems that if elite athletes consume proper nutrition and especially get benefit from honey, there is no further need to use supplements. Finally, from the findings of the present study it can be concluded that the proper nutrition can be used as a competent alternative for the common supplements such a creatine and glutamine.
INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE PRE-MATCH MENTAL STATES ON COPING WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL BURDEN DURING FOOTBALL MATCH
Authors: Zeman Tomáš , Voborný Jiří , Králík Miroslav , Blahutková Marie
Published: June 2013

Background

For football referees supervision of a match means significant mental burden. Referees experience higher level of anxiety and fear1which are typical manifestations of negative pre-match states.2As a result of a completed match levels of components of depression and exhaustion increase.1Our goal was to verify the correlation between these two components.

Methods

Our research sample consisted of 26 male football referees who supervise football competitions in one of the 14 regions of the Czech Republic. For evaluation of their subjective psychological experiences and states the standardised questionnaire SUPSO3was used. The questionnaire was filled in twice: before the match and immediately after the match. Ratio of predominant temperament components was evaluated using standardised Belov's temperament test.4In the statistical analysis Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation and partial correlation coefficient were used.

Results

Pre-match values of anxiety and fear component statistically significantly correlate with the values of component of depression and exhaustion. This serial dependence remained stastically significant even after exclusion of implications of referees' temperament.

Conclusions

Negative pre-match mental states of football referees worsen their ability to cope with the supervised match on a psychological level. “Pre-match fever” can lead to premature exhaustion, while apathy can lead to insufficient activation. Regulation of these negative pre-match states can improve coping with mental burden during a football match.

Pre-match preparation should therefore focus more on regulating the referees' actual mental state (“pre-start mental state”).
SPECT/CT FINDINGS IN A LARGE COHORT WITH SACROILIAC JOINT INCOMPETENCE (SIJI)
Authors: Cusi Manuel , Van der Wall Hans
Published: June 2013

Comprehensive clinical and SPECT/CT findings in 253 patients with an established diagnosis of SIJI are presented.

Methods

All patients with a clinically diagnosis of SIJI following the European guidelines for Pelvic Girdle Pain were studied by SPECT/CT. Patients were followed up by interview at 6 months after therapy (directed physiotherapy or prolotherapy). For SPECT/CT, patients were injected intravenously with 900–1000 MBq of 99m Tc HDMP and planar images obtained followed by SPECT/CT from the level of the lesser trochanters upwards. Images were reported by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians.

Results

The average age of the 253 patients was 42 years (15–71 yrs) with 65% F, 35% M. Average length of history was 3.5 years (6 weeks to 26 years). Trauma was implicated in 84% of cases and post-partum back pain in 9%. Clinical scores for SIJI were an average of 3.4 by the European guidelines. All patients showed SIJ uptake and loss of the normal configuration of joint uptake with ligament uptake. Joint sclerosis was observed in 98.8%. Hamstring enthesopathy was present on the ipsilateral side in 39% and on the opposite side in 61%. Adductor enthesopathy was present on the ipsilateral side in 66% and on the opposite side in 57% with bilateral involvement in 23%. Ipsilateral hip impingement was present in 72%. Extra finding were evicent in 56%.

Conclusion

We have confirmed the integrity of SPECT/CT in a large cohort of patients with SIJI with specific treatment of the condition yielding good clinical results, in spite of the average length of the clinical history being 3.5 years.

The SPECT/CT findings (metabolic changes at the relevant bone-ligamentous interface) and the clinical progress of patients confirm the validity of the self-bracing mechanism proposed by Vleeming and Lee (1998).
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON MUSCULO-SKELETAL METABOLISM: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF RANK/RANKL/OPG PATHWAY
Authors: Keramaris Nikolaos , Malliaropoulos Nikolaos , Padhiar Nat , King John , Maffulli Nicola
Published: June 2013

Background

The effect of physical exercise on bone metabolism has been thoroughly discussed and a positive correlation between physical exercise and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) has been established. At the one hand many issues have not been entirely clarified: the impact of exercise on biochemical (especially novel like RANK/RANKL/OPG) markers of bone metabolism and mainly the type of exercise (high or low impact exercise, intensity of training). At the other hand, it is interesting to note that the aforementioned pathway is related not only to bone (and musculo-skeletal in general) metabolism, but also to cardiovascular metabolism and it is thought to be one of the possible causative links of the positive correlation between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

Methods

The literature search was performed via the internet using the Medline, Scopus and Cochrane database. The key words which were searched in the abstracts were the terms “RANK”, “RANKL”, “OPG”, “physical exercise”, “sports”, “osteoporosis markers”, “bone turnover markers”.

Results

Our systematic review of the literature revealed 7 (seven) papers concerning the relationship of RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway with sports and physical exercise. The general trend observed in most papers was that physical exercise and sports activity have a positive impact in the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. It is important to note that extremely intense exercise (marathon running and beyond) might have detrimental effect on the pathway thus influencing negatively bone metabolism. Four (4) papers were focused on fit persons and intense training whether the rest three (3) papers were focused on exercise for obese or postmenopausal individuals.

Conclusions

The role of RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in both bone/musculo-skeletal and cardiovascular metabolism has rather recently been studied. The possible positive influence of exercise on this pathway might have valuable positive effect on both metabolical systems. The further clarification of the exact pattern of exercise that might have the most significant impact on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway is needed, but our review points out that high impact (but not extremely intense) exercise is more beneficiary.
ASSESSMENT OF POSTURAL STABILITY IN SUBJECTS WITH LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION
Authors: Svoboda Zdenek , Janura Miroslav , Filipiova Eva
Published: June 2013

Background

Chronic spinal disc disease leads to disorders in postural movement coordination and deteriorates postural stability.1Recent studies suggest that subjects with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) develop visual compensation mechanisms for underlying sensory–motor deficits. In subjects with unilateral disease, using two separate force plates, enable the balance evaluation of each limb. The aim of this study was to assess postural stability in LDH subjects on both the affected and the unaffected limbs.

Methods

The experimental group consisted of ten (6 males, 4 females) LDH subjects (L4/L5 or L5/S1 level) with an age of 41±8 years, weight 79±15 kg and height 177±6 cm. The treatment was only conservative (with no surgical intervention). The control group was composed of eleven healthy subjects (6 males, 5 female) with an age 40±9 years, weight 73±12 kg and height 174±9 cm. Postural sways (center of pressure movement) were evaluated using two force plates Kistler (Kistler Instrumente AG, Switzerland). All participants carried out three 30 s balance tasks: stance with opened eyes (EO), stance with closed eyes (EC) and stance with narrow base of support (NBS). In each test mean loading, medial lateral (ML) and anterior posterior sways (standard deviations of COP coordinates) were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (Statistica 9.0, independent variables: limb, group).

Results

There was no significant difference in limb loading for both the experimental and the control group and total ML sway and AP sway. In the EO and EC conditions, there was no significant difference between postural sway of limbs of LDH subjects and limbs of controls. In the NBS conditions, the ML sway was greater in affected limb compared to dominant (p<0.01) and non-dominant (p<0.05) limbs of controls.

Discussion/Conclusions

The results suggest that the balance evaluation of each limb independently can be useful in assessment of groups of subjects with unilateral disease. The LDH subjects showed increased ML postural sway on the affected limb during NBS conditions. Similar findings reported Mientjes and Frank2for chronic low back pain patients. They found an increase in the ML postural sway of these patients compared to healthy controls when the task involved increased complexity and removal of visual information.
SPINAL REPOSITIONING DEFICIT. THE EFFECT OF PROLONGED FLEXED POSTURE
Authors: Korakakis Vasileios , Giakas Giannis
Published: June 2013

Flexed sitting posture is commonly adopted in daily sitting activities and when sustained has been proposed to affect biological properties of spinal tissues and act detrimentally on proprioception. The objective of this study by using an optoelectronic motion analysis system was to assess sitting posture regarding the head, spine and pelvis, in healthy individuals; the time effect of flexed posture (FSP) on proprioception and the impact of an MDT (Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy) procedure on proprioceptive deficit.

Using a cross sectional repeated measures design (N=47) physically active subjects were assessed regarding their habitual sitting posture (HSP), perception of optimal posture (SPOP), ability to adopt an instructed sitting posture (IOSP) and accuracy to reproduce the criterion posture immediately, after 10 and 30 minutes in FSP and after the “slouch-overcorrect” procedure (SOP). Dependent variables were nine sagittal upper body angles.

Results revealed that HSP was more flexed than SPOP and IOSP (p<.05) and SPOP was significantly more flexed than IOSP (p<.05) in most measured angles. There was no significant difference in immediate repositioning to IOSP, while significant differences were identified in the lumbar angle (LU) after 10 minutes in FSP and in LU, head (HE) and cervico-thoracic (CT) angles after 30 minutes in FSP. Repositioning to IOSP after SOP abolished proprioceptive deficit in head and spine. Postural repositioning error showed significant differences for LU and HE angles.

The findings suggest that healthy individuals habitually sit in more flexed posture than SPOP and IOSP. Postural education can be actualized in a reliable way and subjects can adopt an educated posture. Furthermore FSP challenged postural proprioception, but SOP increased proprioceptive accuracy.
HIGH RESISTANCE SHANK MUSCLE STRENGTH TRAINING CHANGES FOOT BEHAVIOUR DURING A SUDDEN ANKLE SUPINATION
Authors: Hagen Marco , Lescher Stephanie , Hennig Ewald , Felber Stephan
Published: June 2013

Background

Chronic lateral ankle instability afflicts many athletes. The peroneal muscles are the most effective lateral stabilizers whose strength increase might brace the ankle joint complex laterally. Purpose of this study was to identify the morphological and biomechanical effects of functional pronator and supinator strength training compared to traditional plantar and dorsiflexor resistance exercises.

Methods

A functional anatomic strength training machine for the pronators and supinators of the foot (FSTM) was constructed. 22 healthy male sport students performed ten weeks of single-set high resistance strength training with 3 training sessions per week. The subjects conducted functional pronator/supinator training (FPST) at the FSTM with the right leg, the left leg was trained with plantar and dorsiflexions (PD) at traditional training machines. Intraindividual changes in foot behaviour during a sudden ankle turn were recorded by using a custom made supination platform, which was mounted on a force plate. Muscle reaction times (EMG) of m. tibialis anterior (TA) and m. peronaeus longus (PL) as well as supination angle (electrogoniometer) were measured. Additionally, the muscle volumes of both lower legs were quantified by MRI (3 Tesla) of 9 randomly chosen subjects. The results were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variances (ANOVA).

Results

The intraindividual comparison (FPST vs. PD) revealed similar biomechanical effects despite specific strength increase. Compared to PD, FPST resulted in significantly higher pronator (14% vs. 8%, p<0.01) and supinator MVC (25% vs. 12%, p<0.01). During sudden inversions both, FPST and PD, resulted in reduced (p<0.05) and delayed (p=0.06) first peak vertical impact as well as reduced supination velocity (p<0.01). Muscular reaction was faster after the training in PL (p<0.01) and TA (p<0.05) with an interaction trend in favour of FPST in PL (p=0.06).

Muscle volume increased specifically in m. tibialis posterior (+10%; p>0.01) and m. flexor hallucis longus (+6%; p>0.01) after FPST. PL, TA and m. gastrocnemius showed significant muscle volume increase without interaction effects.

Discussion/Conclusions

After both, FPST and PD, the ankle joint complex is more mechanically stabilized against sudden supinations due to muscle volume increase. According to the typical ankle sprain mechanism (plantarflexed and supinated foot in a landing maneuver), a combination of dorsiflexor and specific pronator strength training might show even higher functional ankle stability. Future clinical studies might show the preventive potential of shank muscle training.
EFFECTS OF STRIKING STRATEGY ON LOWER EXTREMITY LOADING DURING RUNNING
Authors: Kulmala Juha-Pekka , Avela Janne , Pasanen Kati , Parkkari Jari
Published: June 2013

Backround

It is expected that every second runner has a running-related overuse injury each year. The knee joint and Achilles tendon are the most commonly injured sites covering both about one fifth of all running related injuries.1

Runners can be categorized into rearfoot strikers, mid-foot strikers or forefoot strikers based on the landing strategy at the instant of initial ground contact. Forefoot or mid-foot striking has been shown to reduce impact peak and loading rate of the ground reaction force during early stance phase.2Furthermore, the finding of the recent study suggest that forefoot striking may potentially decrease the risk of running-related injuries.3

However, the effect of runner's foot striking pattern on the ankle and especially on the knee loading is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether runners with forefoot striking exhibit different lower limb loading profile than runners who use rearfoot strike pattern.

Methods

Nineteen female athletes with natural forefoot strike pattern and pair-matched females with rearfoot strike pattern (n=19) performed running analysis at 4 m/s. Kinematic (300Hz) and kinetic (1500Hz) data was recorded using Vicon motion analysis system. Inverse dynamics was used to calculate knee and ankle moments during stance phase of running and biomechanical model was then utilized to estimate patellofemoral stress and Achilles tendon force.

Results

Forefoot strikers demonstrated lower patellofemoral stress compared to heel strikers (11.1±2.9 vs. 13.0±2.8 Mpa; P=0.04). In addition, the knee frontal plane moment was lower in the forefoot strikers compared heel strikers (1.49±0.51 vs. 1.97±0.66 Nm/kg; P=0.015). At the ankle level, forefoot strikers exhibited higher Achilles tendon force (6.3±0.8 vs. 5.1±1.3 BW; P=0.002) compared to rearfoot strikers.

Discussion

Forefoot strikers demonstrate lower patellofemoral stress and frontal plane moment compared to runners with rearfoot strike pattern. This suggests that runners with forefoot strike pattern may have reduced risk of running-related knee injuries. However, parallel increase in Achilles tendon loading may alter forefoot striker into higher risk of ankle and foot injuries.
IS THAT POSSIBLE TO RESTORE PRE-INJURY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL AFTER ONE-STAGE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
Authors: Gudas Rimtautas , Šiupšinskas Laimonas
Published: June 2013

Purpose

to compare the concomitant treatment of the articular cartilage damage (ACD) in the knee with three different articular cartilage procedures at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods

between the 2006 and 2009, 102 patients with a mean age of 34.1 years and with an ACL rupture and the articular cartilage damage in the knee were randomized to undergo osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT), microfractures (MF) or debridement (D) at the time of ACL reconstruction. Matched control group was included with 34 patients having intact articular cartilage (IAC) at the time of ACL reconstruction. There were 34 patients in OAT-ACL group, 34 patients in MF-ACL group, 34-D-ACL group and 34-control IAC-ACL group. The mean ACL injury-operation time was 19.32±3.43 months and the mean follow-up was 36.1 months (range from 34 to 37 months). Patients were evaluated using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Tegner activity score and clinical assessment.

Results

97 of 102 (95 %) were available for the final follow-up. According to subjective IKDC score, all 4 groups did significantly better at the 3-year follow up than preoperatively (P<0.0000001). OAT–ACL group IKDC Subjective Knee evaluation was significantly better than MF-ACL (p=0.024) and D-ACL (p=0.018). However, IKDC subjective score of IAC-ACL group was significantly better, than OAT-ACL group IKDC evaluation (p=0.043). There was no significant difference between the MF-ACL and D-ACL IKDC subjective scores (p=0.058). Evaluation of manual pivot-shift knee laxity according to IKDC Knee Examination Form revealed similar evaluations for the four groups immediate postoperative and at 3 year follow-up and was normal or nearly normal (IKDC grade A and B) for 29 of 33 patients (88%) with OAT-ACL, 28 of 32 patients (88%) with MF-ACL, 27 of 32 patients (84%) with D-ACL and 31 of 34 patients (91%) with intact IAC-ACL.

Conclusions

Our study shows that intact articular cartilage during ACL reconstruction gives more favourable IKDC subjective scores compared to any other articular cartilage surgery types. However, if you have an articular defect, there are significantly better subjective IKDC scores for OAT versus microfracture or debridement after a mean period of 3 years. Anterior knee stability results were not significantly affected by the different articular cartilage treatment methods.
EFFECTS OF A 12-WKS AQUATIC TRAINING PROGRAM IN BODY POSTURE AND BALANCE
Authors: Matias Paula , Costa Mário , Marinho Daniel , Garrido Nuno , Silva António , Barbosa Tiago
Published: June 2013

Background

Aquatic programs have gained popularity in therapy programs for a number of diseases or physical conditions. However, evidences about the effect of such programs on posture remain scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-wks aquatic program on body posture and balance of sedentary women.

Methods

128 females were divided in experimental group (EG; N=85; 55.56±12.92-y; 159.21±6.11-cm of height; 65.28±8.76-kg) and control group (CG; N=43; 60.67±13.48-y; 159.19±4.87-cm of height; 63.86±8.64-kg). The program was conducted throughout 12 weeks, two sessions per week with 40 minutes each. Posture measurements were conducted before starting the program and at the end of the 12th week. The static posture, including bodýs centre of mass position (CoM), was assessed based on photogrammetry,2unipodal support (US), functional reaching (FR) and Romberg test (RT) with parallel feet. The dynamic posture was obtained by applying the Time Up & Go test (TUG).3The functional posture was assessed based on the Berg's balance scale (BBS).1Data variation was analyzed with ANOVA two-ways (group vs program duration) measures (P≤0.05).

Results

A significant effect from the program duration was observed in US (p<0.01), FR (p<0.01), RT (p=0.05), TUG (p<0.01) and BBS (p<0.01). The only exception was the CoM where a non-significant effect was determined (p=0.32). A significant effect from the group was observed for the TUG (p<0.01) and for the BBS (p=0.04) having the EG lower and higher values at the post-test than the CG, respectively. A non-significant effect was observed for the remaining assessments. The interaction between program duration vs group presented non-significant values for all the tests conducted.

Discussion/Conclusions

Several selected variables presented a significant time effect (i.e., a posture and balance enhancement from the beginning to the end of the training program). So a 12-wks aquatic program is enough to provide an improvement in the body posture and balance of sedentary women.
INFLUENCE OF FAT PERCENTAGE, FRONT THIGH SKINFOLD AND GIRTH ON THE MAXIMUM RADIAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE DOMINANT RECTUS FEMORIS
Authors: Diez-Vega Ignacio , Rodriguez-Ruiz David , Fernández-del-Valle María , Rodríguez-Matoso Darío , Cerdá-Béjar Joaquín , Molina-Martín Juan José.
Published: June 2013

Background

Tensiomyography (TMG) is an innovative tool to control athletic training, and prevent and follow up muscular injuries. The reliability and validity for different population (sport modality, physical activity level, medical history, body composition, etc.) have been reported (Rodriguez-Matosoet al., 2012; Tous-Fajardoet al., 2010). Body composition of individuals may determine the mechanical response of muscular contraction produced by electrical stimulation.

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of the values of fat percentage (%F), front thigh skinfold (FTS) and thigh girth (TG) to the maximal radial deformation (Dm) of the Rectus Femoris (RF) obtained using TMG.

Methods

A total of 193 participants were assessed: 132 high performance volleyball players (79 male, and 53 female), and 61 Sport Sciences college students (40 male, and 21 female). Anthropometric variables (%F, FTS, and TG) where assessed following the ISAK guidelines (Marfell-Jones, 2001) by a certified instructor (level 3). Faulkner's equation was used to calculate %F, and the TMG was used following Rodriguez-Matosoet al(2012) guidelines. Pearson correlation was assessed for statistical analysis using the SPSS v.19.0 with a level of signification p≤0.05.

Results

Results did not show differences between total sample and gender-related samples (FTS vs Dm: r 2=0.0096; p=0.19, y %G vs Dm: r 2<0.001; p=0.98), neither when TG is used as a control variable (FTS vs Dm: r 2=0.01; p=0.18, and %G vs Dm: r 2<0.001; p=0.82).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the results point that Dm in this population is not affected by body composition variables such %F, FTS, or TG.