bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riscos Ambientais e Sociais – uma leitura da qualidade de vida dos residentes em áreas subnormais em Anápolis/Goiás (2008/2009)
Authors: D’arc Bernardes Genilda , Galvão Tavares Giovana
Published: June 2016

Este artigo apresenta estudo dos riscos sociais e ambientais dos residentes em áreas subnormais localizadas no espaço urbano do município de Anápolis. A metodologia utilizada foi quali-quantitativa e percorreu o seguinte caminho: levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema; busca de informações geradas pelos meios de comunicação local; aplicação de questionários com moradores das áreas pesquisadas e observações etnográficas no campo. A coleta de dados proporcionou a identificação da expansão de áreas de riscos com o aumento de moradias precárias e de áreanão abordada, até aquele momento, nos relatórios sobre riscos e áreas subnormais emitidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento/Prefeitura de Anápolis. O texto também aborda a percepção dos moradores acerca de sua qualidade de vida.
A Consideração da Dimensão Ambiental na Prática de Elaboração dos Planos Diretores
Authors: Helena A. da Silva Fregonezi Luciana , Do Carmo de Lima Bezerra Maria , Fernandes Borges Shayene
Published: June 2016

O trabalho objetiva analisar a situação atual da inserção da dimensão ambiental na elaboração dos Planos Diretores Urbanos. Discute o grau de adequabilidade dos instrumentos de gestão urbana à promoção da melhoria da qualidade ambiental dos espaços urbanos, ou seja, de como a interface entre os instrumentos de gestão das políticas urbana e ambiental, pode convergir para a construção da sustentabilidade ambiental das cidades. A análise procedida destaca o zoneamento ambiental previsto no Estatuto da Cidade como instrumento fundamental de apoio ao Plano Diretor Urbano no alcance da construção da cidade sustentável.
EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A AVALIAÇÃO E O CURRÍCULO
Authors: Louise Moreira Martins Franco Lila
Published: June 2016

A modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos tem como objetivo oferecer a  formação escolar a pessoas que não tiveram a oportunidade de concluir seus estudosna faixa etária adequada, proporcionando a escolarização desde a alfabetização e o letramento até a certificação para prosseguimento dos estudos no sistema regular de ensino. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as propostas do Ministério da Educação à luz da teoria quanto à avaliação da aprendizagem e ao currículo praticado nesta modalidade de ensino. Destaca-se que a proposta de avaliação para estamodalidade presente na legislação tem a sua ênfase na certificação por exames de larga escala, podendo-se incluir visitas in loco na escola quando se constata distorçõesnas práticas pedagógicas. Cabe análise apurada sobre as finalidades desta legislação e proposições do Ministério da Educação quanto a possíveis contradições neste processo. Considera-se que é bastante pertinente uma análise criteriosa para o que está previsto na legislação e o que vem sendo implantado pelo Ministério da Educação em relação à formação dos jovens e adultos no país.
Apresentação
Authors: Lemos Cravo Pedro Vitor
Published: June 2016

Comissão EditorialEquipe EditorialConselho EditorialContatosSumário
Editorial
Authors: Lemos Cravo Pedro Vitor
Published: June 2016

Nesta edição multidisciplinar de "Fronteiras", disponibilizamos artigos que abrangem várias disciplinas, que cursam desde a segurança alimentar até à educação ambiental. In this multidisciplinary issue of “Fronteiras”, we present articles spanning across different subjects, ranging from food security to environmental education.
Land Use and Deforestation in Southeastern Brazil 1753-18401
Authors: Soares de Freitas Frederico Santos
Published: June 2016

This article analyzes the pressure of farming on tropical forests in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Brazil. Making use of GIS technology, it was possible to create a map for the South Central of the Minas Gerais province and geocode historical data for agriculture and livestock production. We have found an association between corn and swine production in areas of forest, and we suggest a correlation of the practices of slash-and-burn agriculture, pig raising, and trade of foodstuff to the clearing of forested land.
Sobre a origem social do direito ambiental
Authors: Lopes Márcia Helena , Dutra e Silva Sandro , Galvão Tavares Giovana
Published: June 2016

As mudanças sociais e culturais introduzidas no tecido social a partir do segundo quarto do século XX são determinantes dos dilemas que irão nortear a ação política e social, e proporcionar a atmosfera necessária ao surgimento dos novos direitos. Este artigo tem o intuito de refletir sobre as bases sociais do direito voltado a proteção do meio ambiente, enquanto garantia de prosperidade da vida. A teoria da sociedade de risco de Ulrich Beck e Anthony Giddens é o referencial teórico a partir do qual pensa-se a origem de um conjunto de leis destinadas a garantir a conservação e proteção dos elementos essenciais à base da vida. Os conflitos sociais gerados nas incertezas produzidas por uma sociedade de risco são determinantes da construção social da proteção legal do meio ambiente como um direito fundamental da pessoa humana. Neste sentido, o Direito Ambiental é aqui entendido como produto do desenvolvimento das sociedades modernas.
O Esverdeamento da Economia e as Tecnologias Verdes para os Resíduos: Um duro caminho rumo à sustentabilidade
Authors: Gentil-Nugent Valeria Almeida , Pereira Filho Saulo Rodrigues
Published: June 2016

O esverdeamento da economia é o novo termo de ordem associado ao desenvolvimento sustentável, particularmente após a Conferência Rio + 20. Nos moldes norteadores da economia verde, o objetivo deste artigo diz respeito a um dos setores-chave desta, as tecnologias empregadas para a reciclagem e reaproveitamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Os procedimentos metodológicos são as de investigação exploratória, pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, e consistem notadamente em sistematizar e interpretar a utilização das diferentes tecnologias para o tratamento dos resíduos no mundo contemporâneo. As principais conclusões da análise são: (1) os principais desafios para o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos referem-se ao uso de tecnologias verdes pelo elo mais frágil da cadeia produtiva, os catadores de materiais recicláveis; (2) as tecnologias verdes são identificadas como de alto e de baixo custo; (3) os processos tecnológicos apresentam limitações, portanto não se pode subestimar ou superestimar as suas potencialidades; e, (4) as técnicas de reciclagem e reaproveitamento de RSU precisam ser repensadas de maneira inclusiva.Palavras-Chaves: Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Economia Verde; Tecnologias verdes; Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU)
Compartimentação Morfopedológica como Subsídio ao Planejamento do Uso da Terra das Bacias dos Rios Claro e dos Bois, Estado de Goiás
Authors: Barbalho Maria Gonçalves da Silva , Castro Selma Simões de
Published: June 2016

conflitos de uso da terra das bacias dos rios Claro e dos Bois, integrantes da alta bacia do rio Araguaia, estado de Goiás, a partir da compartimentação morfopedológica, de modo a identificar os compartimentos mais suscetíveis à ocorrência dos processos erosivos lineares, interpretando as possíveis causas. Utilizou-se análise integrada das principais variáveis da paisagem, ponderando-se a incidência das erosões lineares (ravinas e voçorocas) em relação aos fatores geológicos, geomorfológicos e o padrão de drenagem, a partir de correlação espacial com base em sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, em escala de detalhe. Foram delimitados 4 (quatro) compartimentos morfopedológicos e 395 focos erosivos hídricos lineares de médio e grande porte...Palavras-Chave: Erosão; Assoreamento; Análise Integrada da Paisagem; Alta Bacia do Rio Araguaia.
A Importância do Geoprocessamento para a História e o Saber Ambiental
Authors: Pereira Natasha Sophie , Silva Nilton Correia da , Carvalho Júnior Osmar Abílio de , Silva Sandro Dutra e
Published: June 2016

A história ambiental é um campo historiográfico relativamente novo. No entanto, seu desenvolvimento no campo científico tem se pautado pela utilização de ferramentas e metodologias que nem sempre foram utilizadas pela historiografia tradicional, sobretudo por lidar, de forma interdisciplinar com o meio ambiente. Esse artigo objetiva relacionar os estudos de geoprocessamento com as questões históricas, evidenciando o exercício do saber ambiental em sua dimensão interdisciplinar, auxiliando na quantificação das mudanças sofridas pelo meio ambiente no decorrer do tempo. Esse artigo procura refletir sobre o papel da tecnologia nas análises temporais para a uso histórico e também para o saber ambiental sobre efeitos perturbadores ao ambiente e à sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: Geoprocessamento. História Ambiental. Saber Ambiental.
Importância Relativa de Espécies com Potencial Uso Medicinal na Flora do Centro Oeste do Brasil
Authors: Carneiro Marcos Rodrigo Beltrão , Santos Mirley Luciene dos
Published: June 2016

Os estudos etnobotânicos é o primeiro passo para um trabalho multidisciplinar envolvendo vários profissionais para se estabelecer quais são as espécies vegetais promissoras para estudos botânicos, farmacológicos e agronômicos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi levantar as espécies utilizadas para fins medicinais pela população da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil e organizá-las segundo a sua importância relativa (IR). A listagem das espécies utilizadas pela população para fins medicinais foi obtida por meio de levantamento bibliográfico de trabalhos publicados, além de teses e dissertações, com abordagem etnobotânica na região Centro Oeste (exceto DF), no período de 1990 a 2008. Foram listadas 298 espécies dentre as quais as dez espécies com maior importância relativa foram: Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.) DC. (marcelinha, macela); Copaifera langsdorffii Desf...Palavras-Chave: Etnobotânica; Plantas Medicinais; Conservação da Flora; Cerrado.
Making Tracks Toward the Environmental History of Brazil: A personal journey in historical geography
Authors: Bell Stephen
Published: June 2016

Este artigo oferece uma breve história pessoal de envolvimento com os campos da geografia histórica e da história ambiental. Organizado em três seções, trabalhando do passado ao presente, a primeira parte reflete, principalmente, sobre as ideias de investigação obtidas quando ainda estudante. A preocupação com a história das ideias sobre o uso da terra brasileira levou a um interesse no importante trabalho do geógrafo alemão Leo Waibel (1888-1951) sobre os trópicos, e mais especialmente o Brasil. A segunda parte do ensaio relata a recente pesquisa internacional sobre Waibel. Algumas correntes intelectuais Interamericanas da carreira de Waibel são exploradas pela primeira vez, incluindo a sua preocupação presciente de 1939 para mapear "as consequências catastróficas" do desmatamento nas Américas tropicais. O trabalho termina chamando a atenção para a importância da pesquisa inédita do geógrafo da Universidade da Califórnia Henry Bruman (1913-2005) sobre a colonização do Brasil pós-guerra. Embora, atualmente, uma figura obscura no Brasil, Bruman via a si mesmo como um dos sucessores intelectuais de Waibel.Palavras-Chave: História Ambiental; Geografia Histórica; Migração, Colonização; Fronteira.
Flora do Bioma Cerrado: Abordagem de estudos da família Acanthaceae Juss – Espécies Ornamentais no Brasil
Authors: Sartin Rodolph Delfino , Peixoto Josana de Castro , Lopes Dayane Batista , Paula José Realino de
Published: June 2016

A família Acanthaceae Juss. constitui principalmente de ervas e arbustos (trepadeiras em poucos gêneros), geralmente com folhas opostas, corola gamopétala e inflorescência variável. Possui distribuição principalmente tropical, com cerca de 3250 espécies ao longo do planeta. Economicamente, sua principal importância é ornamental, havendo vários gêneros cultivados com esse fim. O propósito deste trabalho foi realizar um inventário das espécies de Acanthaceae utilizadas como ornamentais no Brasil, através da consulta a referências bibliográficas especializadas. Foram encontrados registros de 69 espécies distribuídas em 27 gêneros. Foram inseridos sinônimos taxonômicos, comentários breves sobre distribuição geográfica, aspectos morfológicos visados para ornamentação e forma de cultivo mais empregada.Palavras-Chave: Acanthaceae; Flora; Cerrado; Fanerógamas.
Caracterização dos Solos e da Estrutura Fitossociológica da Vegetação de Veredas da Chapada no Triângulo Mineiro
Authors: Ramos Marcus Vinícius Vieitas , Haridasan Mundayatan , Araújo Glein Monteiro de
Published: June 2016

As veredas se destacam como um sistema de drenagem superficial composto pela rede de drenagem com cursos d’água que ocupa os interflúvios largos dentro do domínio Cerrado. Nas Veredas os solos são formados sob condições de drenagem deficiente. Nestas condições há uma tendência para a formação de solos hidromórficos. Com o objetivo de investigar a importância e o uso dado para os recursos naturais das veredas pela população rural do município de Uberlândia-MG foram realizadas entrevistas com 20 proprietários rurais. As veredas apresentam-se como uma fonte de água de fácil acesso. Segundo os entrevistados as veredas possuem água de boa qualidade, para uso doméstico, salvo em condições de represamento onde a água adquire coloração amarelada, com presença de lodo avermelhado e sabor ferruginoso. A água para consumo humano, em sua maior parte é obtida de poços artesianos...Palavras-Chave: Veredas; Cerrado; Estudos Edáficos; Uberlândia.
Política e Saúde na Capitania do Ceará (1790-1812)
Authors: Vasconcelos Eduardo Henrique Barbosa de , Soares Ana Lorym
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo apresenta as ações relacionadas a saúde e a doença efetivadas na Capitania do ceará, no período que se estende da última década do século XVIII e os quinze primeiros anos do século XIX. Nesse sentido, seja por meio das ações sugeridas pela coroa portuguesa ou as intervenções feitas pelo poder público local, fica claro a preocupação e os limites das ações voltadas para proteção da saúde na realidade histórica cearense.Palavras-Chave: Ceará. Politica. Saúde. Processo Histórico.
Três Hipóteses Ligadas à Dimensão Humana da Biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica
Authors: Oliveira Rogério Ribeiro de , Solórzano Alexandro
Published: June 2016

Em uma perspectiva histórica, considera-se que o legado ambiental que nos chegou até hoje é produto da histórica relação de populações passadas com o meio. São propostas três hipóteses ligadas à dimensão humana da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica: 1) A baixa palatabilidade da biomassa vegetal pelo ser humano deixou como alternativa alimentar a caça, o que provocou históricas alterações na paisagem; 2) A agricultura migratória consiste em uma fonte significativa de alterações na estrutura e composição da Mata Atlântica e 3) O uso das florestas como fonte energética a partir do século XVII é um fator determinante na diversidade da Mata Atlântica. As hipóteses aqui discutidas não são únicas - outras podem se sobrepor aos fatores que induziram alterações antrópicas históricas. Em termos de escala de tempo considera-se um espectro amplo, abarcando-se desde a presença de populações de coletores-caçadores de 8.000 anos, passando-se por etnias que praticavam a agricultura e o período pós-colonial.Palavras-Chave: Paisagem; Populações Tradicionais; Populações Pré-Coloniais; Dinâmica Florestal
Estrategias de afrontamiento ante el cyberbullying. Un acercamiento cualitativo desde la perspectiva de los escolares
Authors: Giménez-Gualdo Ana M.
Published: June 2016

Los niños y jóvenes de ahora realizan un uso diario de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), de cuya relación continuada se desprende su exposición a múltiples riesgos entre los que cabe destacar el cyberbullying (acoso online entre iguales). El presente estudio describe las principales estrategias de afrontamiento que implicados y no implicados en cyberbullying pondrían en marcha para hacerle frente, a partir del análisis cualitativo de sus opiniones. Los resultados indican que los menores son conocedores de múltiples estrategias y que además pondrían en marcha aquellas más proactivas frente a otras negativas que suponen la devolución de la agresión o comportamientos pasivos...Palabras-Clave: Cyberbullying; Estrategias de afrontamiento; Escolares; Análisis cualitativo.
Entre o Instrumento e o Outro: Considerações sobre antigos e novos recursos didáticos na escola
Authors: Andrade Joana de Jesus , Cavassani Thiago Bernardo , Abreu Daniela Gonçalves
Published: June 2016

Este texto configura-se como um ensaio reflexivo acerca dos recursos didáticos e dos processos de significação nas relações de ensino. Com base nos trabalhos de Vigotski, é destacada a centralidade da linguagem como meio/modo de significação e o papel dos sujeitos em interação, considerando-se a importância de que o ato de ensinar tenha como ponto de partida e objetivo a produção do conhecimento. Refletindo sobre o uso dos livros didáticos, da Internet, dos recursos audiovisuais, da experimentação, das visitas programadas, se destaca que no ensino de ciências, o desenvolvimento de modos de atuação atentos às transformações culturais da ciência e da tecnologia, orienta ao estabelecimento de interações sociais cada vez mais ricas e diversificadas, bem como, também mais desafiadoras e complexas...Palavras-Chave: Recursos Didáticos; Significação; Relações de Ensino.
Establecimiento de la Autoría e Identidad de la Obra de Arte, Mediante el Estudio de la Producción de un Artista Aplicando un Método Cuantitativo-Cualitativo
Authors: Alonso Amalia Gragera , Carrizosa Manuel Vizuete
Published: June 2016

La certificación de la autoría y de la identidad de una obra de arte, en este caso pintura, plantea dos problemas esenciales: el primero de ellos eliminar cualquier rasgo de interpretación subjetiva de las características identitaria de la obra, tanto en lo que se refiere a los gustos personales como a los intereses de la investigación; en segundo lugar, reducir la obra de arte a un mero tratamiento estadístico, supone prescindir del valor del espíritu de la obra y del contexto cultural que son determinantes en la producción de la misma. Se plantea el desarrollo de una metodología cuantitativo-cualitativa, a partir de la obra de un artista, ...Palabras-Clave: Investigación; Arte; Cuantitativo-Cualitativo.
Experiences of Being a Mother: Meanings of Childbirth, Pain and Birth
Authors: Coutinho Emília de Carvalho , Silva Alcione Leite da , Pereira Carlos Manuel Figueiredo , Rouxinol Diana Filipa Chaves , Parreira Vitória Barros Castro , Nelas Paula Alexandra Batista , Chaves Cláudia Margarida Balula , Cabral Lídia do Rosário
Published: June 2016

As experiências do parto e nascença moldam profundamente as vidas de mulheres, casais e famílias. O objeto deste estudo é entender os sentidos atribuídos ao parto e nascença, das mulheres portuguesas e imigrantes no Portugal, e a identificação dos sentidos e sentimentos vivenciados pelas mulheres que se tornaram mães. É um estudo qualitativo, recorrendo às entrevistas semiestruturadas e analises de conteúdo, sendo estes para 30 mulheres imigrantes e 22 portuguesas, suportado pelo Nvivo10. Os resultados indicam que o sentido do parto, as dores do parto e a nascença são diversos e ambivalentes, de acordo com as experiências de cada mulher. As dores do parto presentam sentidos diferentes, sendo eles divididos entre necessários ou horríveis, mas recompensadores...Palavras-Chave: Experiências; Parto; Dor; Nascença.
Práticas pedagógicas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: Concepções e práticas de professores no ensino de Ciências
Authors: Limberger Karen Martins , Lima Valderez Marina do Rosário , Silva Renata Medina
Published: June 2016

O estudo foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de investigar a prática pedagógica de professores de Ciências na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). De abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se para a obtenção de dados, entrevistas gravadas semiestruturadas que, posteriormente, foram analisadas através da Análise Textual Discursiva. Constatou-se que o planejamento dos professores é por meio do livro didático do ensino regular e centra-se em conteúdos conceituais. Os professores utilizam várias estratégias de ensino, como filmes, visitas a museus, experimentos e trabalhos em grupo, mas predominam as aulas expositivas...Palavras-Chave: Prática Pedagógica, Educação de Jovens e Adultos, Ensino de Ciências.
Accuracy of Panoramic Radiograph in Assessment of the Relationship Between Mandibular Canal and Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Tantanapornkul Weeraya , Mavin Darika , Prapaiphittayakun Jaruthai , Phipatboonyarat Natnicha , Julphantong Wanchanok
Published: June 2016

Background:

The relationship between impacted mandibular third molar and mandibular canal is important for removal of this tooth. Panoramic radiography is one of the commonly used diagnostic tools for evaluating the relationship of these two structures.

Objectives:

To evaluate the accuracy of panoramic radiographic findings in predicting direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images, and to define panoramic criterion in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Methods:

Two observers examined panoramic radiographs of 178 patients (256 impacted mandibular third molars). Panoramic findings of interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root, diversion of mandibular canal and narrowing of third molar root were evaluated for 3D digital radiography. Direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images was then correlated with panoramic findings. Panoramic criterion was also defined in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Results:

Panoramic findings of interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root were statistically significantly correlated with direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images (p < 0.005), and were defined as panoramic criteria in predicting direct contact between the two structures.

Conclusion:

Interruption of mandibular canal wall, isolated or with darkening of third molar root observed on panoramic radiographs were effective in predicting direct contact between mandibular canal and impacted third molars on 3D digital images. Panoramic radiography is one of the efficient diagnostic tools for pre-operative assessment of impacted mandibular third molars.
Performance, Modeling, Measurements and Simulation of Energy Efficient For Heat Exchanger, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Authors: Omer Abdeen Mustafa
Published: June 2016

Over the years, all parts of a commercial refrigerator, such as the compressor, heat exchangers, refrigerant, and packaging, have been improved considerably due to the extensive research and development efforts carried out by academia and industry. However, the achieved and anticipated improvement in conventional refrigeration technology are incremental since this technology is already nearing its fundamentals limit of energy efficiency is described is ‘magnetic refrigeration’ which is an evolving cooling technology. The word ‘green’ designates more than a colour. It is a way of life, one that is becoming more and more common throughout the world. An interesting topic on ‘sustainable technologies for a greener world’ details about what each technology is and how it achieves green goals. Recently, conventional chillers using absorption technology consume energy for hot water generator but absorption chillers carry no energy saving. With the aim of providing a single point solution for this dual purpose application, a product is launched but can provide simultaneous chilling and heating using its vapour absorption technology with 40% saving in heating energy. Using energy efficiency and managing customer energy use has become an integral and valuable exercise. The reason for this is green technology helps to sustain life on earth. This not only applies to humans but to plants, animals and the rest of the ecosystem. Energy prices and consumption will always be on an upward trajectory. In fact, energy costs have steadily risen over last decade and are expected to carry on doing so as consumption grows.
Site preferences for nesting by birds in an educational institution campus in Bengaluru, Karnataka, South India.
Authors: S* Ganesh. , Antoney P. U.
Published: June 2016

Wildlife conservation in urban habitats is increasingly important due to current urbanization trends. Studying birds in urban landscapes and pointing out the importance of their management and conservation are the needs of the day. Every species has certain habitat requirements for successful nesting and breeding. The increase in anthropogenic activities and the disappearance of native tree populations has raised concerns on avian populations and its nesting behavior. In this study, we observed the nesting success of urban birds in the campus. It is found that nesting failure is not predicted by the density of adult birds. These findings suggest that nesting success determined by nest site availability may drive the distribution of avian species in the urban habitat. The abundance of urban bird species nesting in Christ University campus was studied and the need for planting trees that are more conducive for nesting by birds is recommended.
Studies on the remedial effects of coriander and cumin on arsenic exposed Charles Foster Rats
Authors: Kant Karan Kumar , Lal* Namita
Published: June 2016

A wide exploration to achieve an easy and effective remedy for the chronic arsenic poisoning has been carried out in the present study. The study constitutes the treatment of arsenic treated rats with the ethanolic extracts of cumin seeds and coriander leaves respectively. Rats were fed with sodium arsenate through gavage method for 45 days and then were fed with ethanolic extracts of cumin seeds and coriander leaves. The rats were observed recovering themselves after exposure of ethanolic extracts of cumin seeds and coriander leaves which was confirmed by the biochemical assays (KFT and LFT) carried out for the well testing of Liver and Kidney. A substantial recovery was estimated in the blood cells count, activity of liver enzymes and decrease in the level of malondialdehyde.
In vitro Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic studies on Mucuna pruriens (Linn.) DC seeds
Authors: Kusuma* Srilakshmi , O. Aniel Kumar , K. Lakshmi Narayana , Pola Sudhakar , K. Venkata Reddy
Published: June 2016

Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin which is currently affecting the citizens of both developed and developing countries. According to Williams textbook of endocrinology in 2013 it was estimated that over 382 million people throughout the world had diabetes. Plants have long been used for the treatment of diabetes, particularly in developing countries where most people have limited resources and do not have access to modern treatment. The presented study is aimed to evaluate the Mucuna pruriens seed extracts for its in vitro physiochemical, phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-diabetic studies. From the studies different solvent extracts of hexane and chloroform showed little or no activity on all assays performed whereas methanol extract of Mucuna pruriens showed significant bio properties. The preliminary studies of this plant crude methanol extract exhibited maximum compounds, hence the methanol extracts have under taken for its alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity. On the basis of the results obtained in the present investigation, it can be concluded that methanol extract of Mucuna pruriens had significant bioactive properties and may provide a support to use of the plant in traditional medicine for the management of diabetes.
Role of Vitex negundo L. as a Natural Repellent, a Powerful Discutient and a Fungicide of Rural Jharkhand, India.
Authors: Kumari Jayanti , C.* Singh T. N.
Published: June 2016

Vitex negundo L. is a shrub or a small tree growing throughout Jharkhand. It is grown on the boundaries of agriculture fields and houses in rural Jharkhand. The plant is an established source of drugs such as β-Sitosterol (Leaves and root) p-hydroxy benzoic and   5-hydroxylsophthalic acid (Leaves). It is widely used by the village folks as a repellent, a powerful discutient and fungicide.
Influence of canopy cover on vegetation in P. roxburghii sarg (chir-pine) dominated forests in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India.
Authors: Arya* Neeta , Ram Jeet
Published: June 2016

Increasing anthropogenic pressure and dependence on plant products have led to widespread exploitation of natural forests in the Uttaranchal Himalaya. The present study was carried out to study the influence of canopy cover on tree, shrub and herb vegetation. For this three different canopy types, open canopy (<30%, cover), moderate canopy (30-60%, cover) and close canopy (>60%, cover) were identified in Pinus roxburghii (chir-pine) dominated forests. The study area is located between 290 20’and 290 30’ N latitude and 790 23’ and 790 42’ E longitude between 1350-2000m elevations in Uttarakhand a newly created hill state. Total tree density was high in close canopy sites basal area was greater in open canopy sites. Total shrub density varied from 26107 to 28560 shrub/ha. It was maximum for open canopy sites and minimum for moderate canopy sites. Total shrubs cover varied from 45.8 to 50.6%. Shrubs cover was maximum for moderate canopy sites and minimum for open canopy sites. Herbs density was greater in open canopy and total herbs cover was greater in close canopy. Tree and shrub diversity was high in close canopy sites and herbs diversity in open canopy sites.
Physiological non-Newtonian blood flow through single stenosed artery
Authors: Mamun Khairuzzaman , Akhter Most. , Ali Mohammad
Published: June 2016

A numerical simulation to investigate the Non-Newtonian modeling effects on
physiological flows in a three dimensional idealized artery with a single
stenosis of 85% severity is given. The wall vessel is considered to be
rigid. Oscillatory physiological and parabolic velocity profile has been
imposed for inlet boundary condition. Determination of the physiological
waveform is performed using a Fourier series with sixteen harmonics. The
investigation has a Reynolds number range of 96 to 800. Low Reynolds number
k ? w model is used as governing equation. The investigation has been
carried out to characterize two Non-Newtonian constitutive equations of
blood, namely, (i) Carreau and (ii) Cross models. The Newtonian model has
also been investigated to study the physics of fluid. The results of
Newtonian model are compared with the Non-Newtonian models. The numerical
results are presented in terms of velocity, pressure, wall shear stress
distributions and cross sectional velocities as well as the streamlines
contour. At early systole pressure differences between Newtonian and
Non-Newtonian models are observed at pre-stenotic, throat and immediately
after throat regions. In the case of wall shear stress, some differences
between Newtonian and Non-Newtonian models are observed when the flows are
minimum such as at early systole or diastole. In general, the velocities at
throat regions are highest at all-time phase. However, at pick systole
higher velocities are observed at post-stenotic region. Downstream flow of
all models creates some recirculation regions at diastole.
Decreased Satellite Cell Number and Function in Humans and Mice With Type 1 Diabetes Is the Result of Altered Notch Signaling
Authors: D’Souza Donna M. , Zhou Sarah , Rebalka Irena A. , MacDonald Blair , Moradi Jasmin , Krause Matthew P. , Al-Sajee Dhuha , Punthakee Zubin , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Hawke Thomas J.
Published: June 2016

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) negatively influences skeletal muscle health; however, its effect on muscle satellite cells (SCs) remains largely unknown. SCs from samples from rodents (Akita) and human subjects with T1D were examined to discern differences in SC density and functionality compared with samples from their respective control subjects. Examination of the Notch pathway was undertaken to investigate its role in changes to SC functionality. Compared with controls, Akita mice demonstrated increased muscle damage after eccentric exercise along with a decline in SC density and myogenic capacity. Quantification of components of the Notch signaling pathway revealed a persistent activation of Notch signaling in Akita SCs, which could be reversed with the Notch inhibitor DAPT. Similar to Akita samples, skeletal muscle from human subjects with T1D displayed a significant reduction in SC content, and the Notch ligand, DLL1, was significantly increased compared with control subjects, supporting the dysregulated Notch pathway observed in Akita muscles. These data indicate that persistent activation in Notch signaling impairs SC functionality in the T1D muscle, resulting in a decline in SC content. Given the vital role played by the SC in muscle growth and maintenance, these findings suggest that impairments in SC capacities play a primary role in the skeletal muscle myopathy that characterizes T1D.
A Predictive Metabolic Signature for the Transition From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Allalou Amina , Nalla Amarnadh , Prentice Kacey J. , Liu Ying , Zhang Ming , Dai Feihan F. , Ning Xian , Osborne Lucy R. , Cox Brian J. , Gunderson Erica P. , Wheeler Michael B.
Published: June 2016

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 3–14% of pregnancies, with 20–50% of these women progressing to type 2 diabetes (T2D) within 5 years. This study sought to develop a metabolomics signature to predict the transition from GDM to T2D. A prospective cohort of 1,035 women with GDM pregnancy were enrolled at 6–9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and were screened for T2D annually for 2 years. Of 1,010 women without T2D at baseline, 113 progressed to T2D within 2 years. T2D developed in another 17 women between 2 and 4 years. A nested case-control design used 122 incident case patients matched to non–case patients by age, prepregnancy BMI, and race/ethnicity. We conducted metabolomics with baseline fasting plasma and identified 21 metabolites that significantly differed by incident T2D status. Machine learning optimization resulted in a decision tree modeling that predicted T2D incidence with a discriminative power of 83.0% in the training set and 76.9% in an independent testing set, which is far superior to measuring fasting plasma glucose levels alone. The American Diabetes Association recommends T2D screening in the early postpartum period via oral glucose tolerance testing after GDM, which is a time-consuming and inconvenient procedure. Our metabolomics signature predicted T2D incidence from a single fasting blood sample. This study represents the first metabolomics study of the transition from GDM to T2D validated in an independent testing set, facilitating early interventions.
Successful Adaptive Management—The Integration of Research and Management
Authors: Morghan Kimberly J. , Sheley Roger L. , Svejcar Tony J. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Adaptive management is a way for managers to do their jobs in the face of uncertainty and learn by doing. Managers gain greater knowledge of their systems by testing different strategies during the management process. The term ‘‘adaptive management’’ is used often, but there is confusion about exactly what adaptive management is, and managers are hard-pressed to find any clear guidelines for implementing it. As a result, they can find the process of moving from the concept of adaptive management to the actual practice intimidating; they need a clear understanding of adaptive management before they can begin to use it. Luckily, adaptive management is not as complicated as the literature sometimes makes it appear. The process of adaptive management involves formulating questions, selecting alternative techniques to test these questions, and testing these techniques on the landscape. Care is taken to measure those system responses that best tell whether the system is moving toward site objectives, and results are fed back into the decision process. We argue that there are 2 strategies that can be used to improve the success of adaptive management. The first is to start with a simple adaptive management plan and then add complexity over time. The second is to include researchers in all stages of the process to benefit from their expertise in ecology, experimental design, and data analysis. Although adaptive management takes time, rewards include increased understanding of the system, a management program that is scientifically valid, and a management strategy tailored to a particular site. In this paper we briefly explain adaptive management and then offer a step-by-step process for developing and implementing adaptive management in small reserves or on private lands. We believe increased understanding of adaptive management will lead to its widespread use and will ensure that more people benefit from its strengths.
Emerging Issues in Rangeland Ecohydrology: Vegetation Change and the Water Cycle
Authors: Wilcox Bradford P. , Thurow Thomas L. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Rangelands have undergone—and continue to undergo—rapid change in response to changing land use and climate. A research priority in the emerging science of ecohydrology is an improved understanding of the implications of vegetation change for the water cycle. This paper describes some of the interactions between vegetation and water on rangelands and poses 3 questions that represent high-priority, emerging issues: 1) How do changes in woody plants affect water yield? 2) What are the ecohydrological consequences of invasion by exotic plants? 3) What ecohydrological feedbacks play a role in rangeland degradation processes? To effectively address these questions, we must expand our knowledge of hydrological connectivity and how it changes with scale, accurately identify ‘‘hydrologically sensitive’’ areas on the landscape, carry out detailed studies to learn where plants are accessing water, and investigate feedback loops between vegetation and the water cycle.
A Unified Framework for Assessment and Application of Ecological Thresholds
Authors: Briske D. D. , Fuhlendorf S. D. , Smeins F. E. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

The goal of this synthesis is to initiate development of a unified framework for threshold assessment that is able to link ecological theory and processes with management knowledge and application. Specific objectives include the investigation of threshold mechanisms, elaboration of threshold components, introduction of threshold categories and trajectories, and presentation of an operational definition of ecological thresholds. A greater understanding of ecological thresholds is essential because they have become a focal point within the state-and-transition framework and their occurrence has critical consequences for land management. Threshold occurrence may be best interpreted as a switch from the dominance of negative feedbacks that maintain ecosystem resilience to the dominance of positive feedbacks that degrade resilience and promote the development of post-threshold states on individual ecological sites. Threshold categories have been identified to serve as ecological benchmarks to describe the extent of threshold progression and increase insight into feedback mechanisms that determine threshold reversibility. Threshold trajectories describe the developmental pathway that post-threshold states may follow once a threshold has been exceeded. These trajectories may produce a continuum of potential post-threshold states, but the majority of them may be organized into four broad states. This framework lends itself to management application by providing an operational definition of thresholds that is based on a probabilistic interpretation. Probabilities associated with 1) the occurrence of triggers that initiate threshold progression, 2) the trajectory of post-threshold states, and 3) threshold reversibility will provide an operational procedure for threshold assessment and application. If thresholds are to play a central role in rangeland ecology and management, then the rangeland profession must accept responsibility for their conceptual development, ecological validity, and managerial effectiveness.
Fall and Winter Habitat Use by Scaled Quail in Southeastern Arizona
Authors: Bristow Kirby D. , Ockenfels Richard A. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Scaled quail (Callipepla squamata pallida Vigors) are closely associated with semidesert grasslands of the southwestern United States, and populations have declined by as much as 50% since 1960. Livestock grazing, shrub encroachment, and exotic grass invasion are considered important factors reducing scaled quail distribution and density in Arizona. We investigated habitat use by scaled quail across their range in southeastern Arizona to determine the habitat conditions important for survival and reproduction. Pointing dogs located quail during autumn and winter of 2002-2003 and 2003-2004, and we measured habitat characteristics at 52 flush sites and 54 nonuse plots, where scaled quail were not found. We recorded information on landform, substrate, vegetation, and cover. Scaled quail used areas with grass canopy cover 26%, tree canopy cover 10%, and higher grass species richness than randomly available. Short (50 cm tall) visual obstruction (i.e., cover), usually associated with low shrubs, cacti, and bunchgrass, was greater at use sites than at nonuse plots. A logistic-regression equation, including visual obstruction and tree canopy variables, correctly predicted 91% of quail use sites. Greater amounts of visual obstruction and lower percentages of tree canopy cover best-predicted scaled quail sites. Land management practices that reduce grass species richness and cover and increase tree cover may reduce scaled quail habitat quality and availability in southeastern Arizona. Based on habitat use patterns of scaled quail, we recommend that semidesert grassland habitats contain a maximum tree canopy of < 6% and . 25% grass canopy cover at the 20-cm height to provide optimum cover availability.
In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Using Inoculum From Chamois and Cattle
Authors: Dalman A. , Ferret A. , Manteca X. ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Six dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used over a 10-day experimental period to compare the digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and fiber, ruminal fermentation profile, and nitrogen metabolism of rumen microbial populations obtained from an inoculum of chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) and cattle (Bos taurus). The aim of this work was to test the fermenters with inoculum from chamois and to compare the function of ruminal microbial population of chamois and cattle under the same conditions of diet and passage rate. Fermenters were fed 56 g DM daily of a diet consisting of 75% Italian ryegrass hay (Lolium multiflorum Lam. var. westerwoldicum) and 25% alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.). Both inocula were adapted to the in vitro conditions after 6 days. There were no differences in DM and fiber digestibilities, and total volatile fatty acids concentration (VFA) between cattle and chamois inocula. The proportion of propionate was higher (25.8 vs. 17.9 mol/100 mol), and that of butyrate was lower (9.9 vs. 13.8 mol/100 mol) in chamois inoculum than in cattle inoculum. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was greater (10.6 vs. 6.7 mg/100 ml), but microbial protein synthesis was lower (41.1 vs. 55.3% of total nitrogen flow) in chamois inoculum than in cattle inoculum. These results suggest that microbial populations from chamois and cattle inocula, maintained under the same conditions of diet and passage rate, have a similar degradation capacity, producing the same amounts of VFA, but with a different fermentation profile, and different microbial protein synthesis. The dual-flow continuous culture fermenters could be a useful tool to study ruminal fermentation in wild species such as Pyrenean chamois.
Rotational Grazing Effects on Rangeland Vegetation at a Farm Scale
Authors: Jacobo Elizabeth J. , Rodríguez Adriana M. , Bartoloni Norberto ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

We evaluated the adequacy of rotational grazing to improve rangeland condition in the Flooding Pampa region, eastern Argentina, comparing the floristic composition dynamic of the 2 main plant communities under rotational and continuous grazing over a study period of 4 years (1993-1996). The experiment was conducted in commercial farms located in 4 sites of the Flooding Pampa region. In each site, a couple of farms, one managed under rotational grazing (implemented in 1989) and an adjacent one managed under continuous grazing at a similar stocking rate (1 AU ha-1), constituted the replications of the experiment. Basal cover of species, litter, and bare soil were monitored in midslope and lowland grassland communities on each farm. Total plant basal cover in midslope and in lowland communities remained unchanged over the whole experimental period under both grazing methods. Under rotational grazing, litter cover was higher in both communities while the amount of bare soil showed a significant reduction in lowlands and a tendency to be lower in midslope. Basal cover of legumes, C3 annual and C3 perennial grasses was higher, while cover of C4 prostrate grasses was lower under rotational grazing in the midslope community. In the lowland community, rotational grazing effects were evident only in the drier years, when higher cover of hydrophytic grasses and legumes and lower cover of forbs occurred. Plant species diversity did not change in response to grazing. In conclusion, rotational grazing promoted functional groups composed of high forage value species and reduced bare soil through the accumulation of litter. These changes indicate an improvement in rangeland condition and in carrying capacity. As the stocking rate was approximately 60% higher than the average stocking rate of the Flooding Pampa region, we believe that productivity and sustainability may be compatible by replacing continuous with rotational grazing.
Efficacy of Copper Supplementation in the Prevention of Molybdenosis in Cattle
Authors: Majak Walter , Steinke Daniel , Lysyk Tim ,   Society for Range Management
Published: June 2016

Revegetation and sustainable cattle grazing are major objectives in the reclamation of mine tailings at the Highland Valley Copper mine in British Columbia, Canada. A total of 150 cows with their calves grazed forage extremely high in molybdenum (Mo) for 5-6 weeks in the summer and fall for 3 consecutive years (2002-2004). The average stocking rate was 0.89 ha per animal unit month. The animals’ diet consisted primarily of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) containing 100-400 ppm Mo. Each year, the herd was divided into 2 groups of approximately 25 cow-calf pairs. One group was supplemented with 2.5% copper sulphate (CuSO4 5H2O) in loose salt, and the other group was only given loose salt. Clinical signs of Mo toxicity, including lameness, diarrhea, and a faded hair coat, were significantly reduced in the supplement cows compared to control cows, which demonstrated the efficacy of the copper supplement treatment. Cattle also developed a tolerance to grazing high-Mo forage, as lameness and diarrhea were reduced in cows that had previous exposure to the site. However, lameness, the primary sign, and diarrhea were resolved in all cows by the end of each trial without treatment and hair coats returned to normal by the following spring. Only 4 calves showed signs of lameness or diarrhea in the 3-year study. Cattle grazing is a viable option for the end land use plan for Highland Valley Copper, provided a CuSO4 5H2O supplement is available to counteract the toxic effects of the high-Mo forage. As well, animals with previous exposure to the site should be utilized, as they appear to develop a tolerance to the Mo in the forage.