bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penicillin G Acylase: A Multifunctional Catalyst with Broad Implications in Pharmaceutical Science and Industrial Applications
Authors: L. Roopa , V. Shanthi
Published: January 2025

Penicillin G Acylase (PGA) has emerged as a critical biocatalyst in pharmaceutical sciences,
exceeding its traditional role in penicillin synthesis. Despite its industrial significance, challenges,
including substrate specificity, stability under industrial conditions, and efficiency in immobilization,
persist. Engineering enhanced enzyme variants and developing advanced immobilization
techniques along with process optimization shall be possible solutions to further improve
reaction efficiency and scalability. Green chemistry integration can make PGA-based processes
more sustainable. Moreover, the use of computational tools, including AI-driven optimization, can
guide enzyme design and reaction condition refinement. A review synthesizing these advancements
not only consolidates existing knowledge but also identifies opportunities for further innovation,
ensuring the enzyme’s continued industrial and scientific relevance. The review discusses the
structure and functionality of PGA, highlighting its diverse applications beyond penicillin production.
Beyond antibiotic synthesis, PGA's usefulness extends to ester synthesis, resolving racemic
mixtures and peptide bond formation, underlining its importance in various bioconversions and
synthetic reactions. This adaptability is crucial for green chemistry, promoting sustainable practices
in industrial processes. The kinetic parameters of PGA are discussed, providing insights into its
operational efficiency. Despite its significant potential, PGA faces limitations in commercial applications,
primarily due to stability issues under industrial conditions. Efforts to enhance PGA's stability,
including engineering approaches, are explored to improve its industrial applicability. The
review concludes by emphasizing PGA's role as a catalyst with vast implications in science and
medicine, particularly in an era of rising antibiotic resistance. It underscores the enzyme's interconnected
roles in production and therapeutics, its broad spectrum of applications, and the shift
from traditional penicillin synthesis to broad-spectrum bioconversions. The scope of PGA engineering
is also highlighted, indicating future directions for research and application in the pharmaceutical
industry.
Assessment of the Physicochemical, Microbial Quality, and Consumer’s Perceptions Regarding Packaged Milk Available in the Local Markets of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Amin Rafat , Tauseef Haadia , Aziz Arooba , Khan Sadaf , Fatima Tehseen , Waseem Hira Fatima
Published: January 2025

Background:

Milk, an essential part of diet is comprised of all indispensable nutrients.
However, it proves to be beneficial only if it is available in its pure form.

Objective:

The current study aimed to evaluate packaged milk samples collected from local markets
of Karachi and to assess level of consumer awareness about health risks associated with substandard
milk consumption.

Methods:

Package milk samples were assessed collectively for physical parameters, and microbial
load. Seventeen colour-based chemical tests were also conducted to detect different dyes, preservatives,
and other added chemicals as adulterants in milk. A household-based community survey was
conducted to evaluate consumer’s preferences regarding packaged milk consumption.

Results:

97% of tested milk samples were observed to have added solids and water in them. Chemical
adulterants in tetra packaged milk were detected in order of Glucose > cane sugar, Vegetable fat
> Formalin, >Artificial colour > Neutralizer > Detergent >Urea, Annatto dye > starch. For the
household-based survey, a total of 266 respondents were interviewed. Although 61.7% of respondents
preferred pasteurized milk, potential customer satisfaction with the quality of pasteurized milk
was 74.4%. Multivariate analysis showed that customer satisfaction regarding pasteurized milk was
significantly associated with the preference of customer [Odds Ratio (OR)=4.18, p=0.004], buying
factors like price, offers, and discounts (OR=6.92, p=0.014), quality and availability (OR=4.81,
p=0.003), and experienced negative health effects (OR=0.26, p=0.002).

Conclusion:

The study concluded that more than 70% of the packaged milk samples were adulterated
with detergents, artificial flavors and glucose which signify the compromised quality of the packaged
milk and their products. Strict regular quality checks should be established and closely monitored
by regulatory authorities and the government.
An In-depth Analysis of Luteolin Regarding its Preclinical, Clinical and Nanoformulations Perspectives
Authors: Javed Aysha , Mahmood Tarique , Ahsan Farogh , Shamim Arshiya , Khan Anas , Srivastava Sristi , Khan Imran
Published: January 2025

A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism- that
is, found in nature. The term natural product has also been prolonged for commercial purposes to
refers to dietary supplements, cosmetics and food produced from natural sources without added artificial
ingredients. Luteolin, a bioflavonoid found abundantly in various fruits, vegetables, and medicinal
plants has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential pharmacological properties.
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted aspects of luteolin, encompassing clinical
studies, experimental research, kinetic analyses, nanotechnology-based formulations, and synergistic
interactions with conventional drugs. The introduction section describes the various sources
and biological functions of luteolin and emphasizes its importance in the realm of medicine. The
clinical studies section provides insights into the therapeutic potential of luteolin in various human
diseases, highlighting its efficacy, safety profile, and potential mechanisms of action. Experimental
studies exploring luteolin's mechanisms of action, cellular interactions, and therapeutic effects in
various disease models. It elucidates underlying the biological mechanism of luteolin, shedding light
on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, a detailed
pharmacokinetic study examines the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME) of luteolin, offering valuable information for optimizing its dosing regimens and enhancing
therapeutic outcomes. The integration of nanotechnology in luteolin formulations is discussed, focusing
on innovative nanoformulations that improve its solubility, stability, and targeted delivery, thus
enhancing its bioavailability and efficacy. Additionally, this review delves into the synergistic interactions
between luteolin and conventional drugs, emphasizing the potential for combination therapies
to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce adverse effects. The synergistic mechanisms, preclinical
and clinical evidence, and future prospects of these combinations are explored in detail. Future applications
of luteolin appear to be very promising in a variety of fields, including personalized medicine,
disease-specific medicines, and preventative healthcare.
Effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors on the Cognitive Impairments in Transgenic Drosophila Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan , Mantasha Idrisi , Shahid Mohd , Jyoti Smita , Rahul  , Varshney Himanshi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD patients exhibit the loss of cholinergic neurons, leads to low levels of acetylcholine and increased activity of acetylcholinesterase which further reduces the levels of acetylcholine. It has now been established that acetylcholine plays a major role in controlling cognitive functions. A number of drugs have been reported to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, which can improve cognitive dysfunction in AD patients.

Objective:

We have studied the effect of two commonly used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (Galantamine and Rivastigmine) on the transgenic Drosophila model of AD.

Methods:

The effect of rivastigmine and galantamine was studied on cognitive parameters (Odour choice index, Open field assay, Courtship index and memory loss). Molecular docking was also performed for rivastigmine (with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase) and galantamine (with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase).

Results:

Both drugs were found to be effective in reducing cognitive defects. However, it was unclear from the data obtained which drug was more effective. The results obtained from the docking studies showed a positive interaction with Aβ42 and acetylcholinesterase for both drugs.

Conclusion:

Rivastigmine and galantamine are potent in reducing cognitive dysfunction in the transgenic AD flies expressing human Aβ42 in the neurons.
Risk Factors Related to the Death of Admitted COVID-19 Patients: A Buffalo Study
Authors: Hanh Doan Le Minh , Hao Phan Thai , Oanh Do Thi Tuong , Tho Nguyen Van
Published: January 2025

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result in a severe acute respiratory syndrome that leads to a worldwide pandemic. Despite the increasing understanding of COVID-19 disease, the mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients remains high.

Objective:

To investigate the risk factors related to the mortality of admitted COVID-19 patients during the peak of the epidemic from August 2021 to October 2021 in Vietnam.

Methods:

This is a prospective cohort study performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation–Professional diseases. The baseline and demographic data, medical history, clinical examination, the laboratory results were recorded for patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed COVID-19. A radiologist and a pulmonologist will read the chest radiographs on admission and calculate the Brixia scores to classify the severity of lung abnormalities. Patients were followed up until beingrecovered or their death. Comparison of clinical and subclinical characteristics between recovery and death groups to find out risk factors related to the death of COVID-19 patients

Results:

Among 104 admitted COVID-19 patients, men accounted for 42.3%, average age of 61.7 ± 13.7. The most common symptoms were fever 76.9%, breathlessness 74%, and fatigue 53.8%. The majority (84.6%) of the study population had at least one co-morbidity, including hypertension (53.8%), diabetes (25.9%), gastritis (19.2%), ischemic heart disease (15.4) %), stroke (9.6%) and osteoarthritis (9.6%). The rate of mild and moderate COVID-19 is 13.4%, severe 32.7%, and critical 40.4%. There are 88 inpatients (84.6%) who needed respiratory support. The median hospital stay was 13 days (IQR 10-17.75 days). The rate of intubated patients with mechanical ventilation was 31.7%. The overall mortality rate was 29.8%. Risk factors related to death included Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% (BUFFALO).

Conclusion:

The main result of the study is the independent risk factors related to the death of admitted COVID-19 patients including Brixia scores > 9, Urea > 7 mmol/L, Ferrtin > 578 ng/ml, Failure to get vaccinated, Age > 60 years, and Low Oxygen SpO2 < 87% ((BUFFALO) which suggests that these COVID-19 patients should be closely followed up.
Advanced object detection for heritage preservation: A case study of Ouaouizerth and the Palace of Sultan Moulay Ismail
Authors: KHLIFATI Oumaima
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Ouaouizerth, a historic town located about 80 kilometers southwest of Béni Mellal, stands as a testament to Morocco's rich and diverse history. Founded centuries ago, the town is home to landmarks like the Palace of Sultan Moulay Ismail, commissioned around 1710 and also known as Kasbah de Boulaouane. This palace, built during the reign of Sultan Alaouite Ismail Ibn Sharif, showcases a blend of grandeur and architectural skill. Positioned strategically overlooking the Oum Er Rabia river and inspired by Byzantine fortifications, it offers a fascinating glimpse into historical architecture. Preserving these historical monuments is vital, yet traditional methods of documentation and categorization are often labor-intensive and prone to inaccuracies. This study tackles these challenges by developing an advanced object detection model to improve the efficiency and accuracy of degradation detection in these historical monuments. Utilizing the object detection method, a robust model was created for detecting and classifying various forms of deterioration. The dataset included meticulously captured and annotated images from Ouaouizerth and the Palace of Sultan Moulay Ismail, featuring a range of degradations. Annotations were performed using Label Studio software to ensure precise identification and categorization. Data augmentation techniques were employed to create a diverse and representative dataset, essential for effective model training. The model's performance was rigorously evaluated using metrics such as precision and recall, demonstrating its high accuracy in detecting specific deteriorations. The successful implementation of this model holds significant potential for aiding conservation efforts, providing a valuable resource for heritage preservation, urban planning, and tourism promotion, thus ensuring the enduring legacy of Morocco's historical treasures.
Effect of Thermo-mechanically Fermented Soybean Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Carboxymethyl Cellulase Activity of Jawa Super Chicken
Authors: Yano Aan Andri , Suprayogi Wara Pratitis Sabar , Darmawan Muhammad Arif , Saputro Wahyu Subagio , Saraswati Pramita Nindya , Setyono Wahyu , Akhirini Novi
Published: January 2025

In poultry, amino acids are sourced mainly from soybean meal (SBM). However, nutrient absorption and digestion are quickly reduced in the presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs), thus impairing poultry growth performance. Here, we experimented to determine the effects of fermented SBM with A. niger and B. subtilis on nutrient digestibility and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity of Jawa Super (Joper) chicken. The experiment was completed from November 2022 to January 2023 on the poultry farm of the Animal Science Faculty, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 36 1-d-old Joper male chicks were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments; Control diet without fermented SBM (CON), fermented SBM with B. subtilis (P1), and fermented SBM with A. niger (P2) in a completely randomized design. The nutrient digestibility and CMCase activities were analyzed in response to a modified feeding using fermented SBM. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze data using SPSS® Statistics 25 for Windows. There was a significant difference in the digestibility of crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and organic matter (OM) between the control and treatment groups (P < 0.05). However, crude ash and fibre digestibilities are relatively similar (P > 0.05). Following the insignificant result of fiber digestibility, CMCase activities did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). To conclude, feeding Joper chicken with fermented SBM seems promising in achieving optimized digestibility of nutrients due to significant results, especially in CP digestibility. Additionally, within the treatment groups, B. subtilis (P1) demonstrated slightly better performance compared to A. niger (P2).
Assessment of Fibre Characteristics and Suitability of Sida acuta Burm F. for Pulp and Paper Production
Authors: O Ajala Olayiwola , Adebawo Funke G , Adegoke Olaoluwa A. , Amoo-Onidundu Oladele
Published: January 2025

The ever-increasing demand for paper and paper products and alarming rate of global population growth necessitates research into non-wood fibre to augment the popular wood fibres in short supply. Sida acuta obtained at two locations, samples collected from 3 areas per location. Samples of dimension 10 x 10 x 20 mm macerated in equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide at 80oC in an oven. Twenty-five whole fibres in swollen condition were measured. Derivatives of fibre dimensions viz:  Runkel ratio, flexibility and slenderness were also evaluated. Pooled mean fibre length was 1.04mm, pooled fibre diameter was 25.02μm, pooled fibre lumen width was 14.69μm and fibre cell wall thickness was 5.17μm. Runkel ratio was 0.73, coefficient of suppleness (flexibility) was 60.05 while felting power (slenderness) was 42. Values obtained connote that S. acuta’s fibre morphology is good for pulping much more that its Runkel ratio (0.73) is less than 1, coefficient of suppleness (60.05) is greater than 50 and its felting power (42) is greater than 33. Specific Gravity ranged from 0.416–0.468. With reference to the above, S. acuta is fairly suitable for pulp and paper making.
A Supervised Explainable Machine Learning Model for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Liver-Transplantation Patients and External Validation on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Database: Retrospective Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ding Zhendong , Zhang Linan , Zhang Yihan , Yang Jing , Luo Yuheng , Ge Mian , Yao Weifeng , Hei Ziqing , Chen Chaojin
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at risk of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND), which significantly affects the patients’ prognosis.

OBJECTIVE

This study used machine learning (ML) algorithms with an aim to extract critical predictors and develop an ML model to predict PND among LT recipients.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, data from 958 patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and January 2020 were extracted from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Six ML algorithms were used to predict post-LT PND, and model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-scores. The best-performing model was additionally validated using a temporal external dataset including 309 LT cases from February 2020 to August 2022, and an independent external dataset extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database including 325 patients.

RESULTS

In the development cohort, 201 out of 751 (33.5%) patients were diagnosed with PND. The logistic regression model achieved the highest AUC (0.799) in the internal validation set, with comparable AUC in the temporal external (0.826) and MIMIC-Ⅳ validation sets (0.72). The top 3 features contributing to post-LT PND diagnosis were the preoperative overt hepatic encephalopathy, platelet level, and postoperative sequential organ failure assessment score, as revealed by the Shapley additive explanations method.

CONCLUSIONS

A real-time logistic regression model-based online predictor of post-LT PND was developed, providing a highly interoperable tool for use across medical institutions to support early risk stratification and decision making for the LT recipients.
Needs and expectations for the myNewWayTM blended digital and face-to-face psychotherapy model of care for depression and anxiety (Part 2): Mental health professional co-design study (Preprint)
Authors: Miller Rosemaree Kathleen , O'Moore Kathleen , Kikas Katarina , Matheson Julie-Anne Therese , Whitton Alexis Estelle , Baldwin Peter , Li Sophie , Black Melissa , Kampel Laura , Cockayne Nicole , Tuttlebee Fiona , Fraser Caitlin , Carr Victoria , Varghese Kathleen , Newby Jill Maree
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

In blended care, digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) integrate with face-to-face psychotherapy provided in person or via telehealth. To incorporate DMHIs into routine care for depression and anxiety, it is important to understand the needs and expectations of mental health professionals for blended DMHIs.

OBJECTIVE

The study objective was to partner with Australian mental health professionals in the design of a transdiagnostic, cognitive behavioral therapy-based blended model of care for adults experiencing depression and anxiety.

METHODS

Participants were Australian health professionals who treat adults with depression and/or anxiety. The co-design process included an online survey (n =258), one-on-one interviews (n=14) and a two-part focus group (n=6). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through the online survey. In-depth qualitative feedback from interviews and the two-part focus group were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Mental health professionals found blended care with face-to-face therapy more acceptable than telehealth and blended care with telehealth, with standalone DMHIs being the least preferred option. The most common ways in which mental health professionals thought a DMHI could integrate with face-to-face psychotherapy included homework completion, psychoeducation and skills practice to support in-session therapy. Mental health professionals expect the blended DMHI to be easy to use, flexible, protective of client data and include evidence-based content from several therapeutic modalities (e.g., CBT, mindfulness). Other preferences included mental health professionals being able to prescribe specific program modules to their clients, track the treatment progress of clients and receive alerts if their clients' symptoms worsened. In terms of implementation, mental health professionals were concerned about the effort and time needed to use blended care. They suggested ongoing training and support would help mental health professionals implement blended care with their clients. Monitoring client risk and progress via an online dashboard and downloadable summaries was also important.

CONCLUSIONS

Designing DMHIs that support psychotherapy for adults with depression and anxiety has the potential to increase access to evidence-based treatment. Involving mental health professionals in DMHI design is expected to increase their acceptance of DMHIs and facilitate the integration of these digital products into routine care.
Investigating the role of urban improvement policies in the physical changes and developments
Authors: Norouzian Mohammad Mehdi
Published: January 2025

The rapid growth of urbanization has been accompanied by uncontrolled physical expansion and unbalanced population settlement in urban centers. The displacement of population in city centers, the emergence and expansion of the phenomenon of informal settlement mainly on the outskirts of cities, as well as the integration of rural areas located adjacent to metropolises with urban areas have caused serious problems in the spatial, functional and social structure and organization of cities. The central areas of old cities have suffered from stagnation and deterioration due to developments and the neglect of urban management. Many of these areas have become destinations for immigrants and low-income tenants with the departure of their owners and residents. Neglecting these areas and destroying them will destroy capital whose value has been increasing for years, and this is not compatible with any of the principles of sustainable development. On the other hand, these areas have now become natural capital specific to this land. Therefore, they create an opportunity that, if given serious attention and necessary investments are made in them, will become an opportunity for business and sustainable profitability. The role of urban improvement policies in revitalizing the city of Illinois, which is one of the historical and ancient contexts in the Illinois province, is important by preserving its authenticity and introduces it as a historical example in our country. In preserving and maintaining historical monuments and old city contexts, which are considered cultural wealth, a discussion on values ​​comes up. In this study, while analyzing the existing conditions of the historical city of Illinois, suggestions and solutions for improvement and revitalization have been presented based on the theory of intervention and improvement policies.
Mapa geológico digital a escala 1:100,000 del Campo Volcánico El Pinacate, Sonora, México
Authors: Arias-Murcia Karen Yesenia , Vidal-Solano Jesús Roberto
Published: January 2025

Se presenta el primer mapa geológico digital del Campo Volcánico El Pinacate a escala 1:100,000, partiendo del antecedente cartográfico realizado de forma analógica por Donnelly en 1974. La cartografía cubre 4052 km2 y resulta de un reconocimiento en campo y la recopilación exhaustiva de datos provenientes de investigaciones geológicas desarrolladas desde los años 70’s, que no habían sido integradas en un solo mapa. Se conformó una base de datos con información geocronológica y geoquímica de elementos mayores, obteniendo una clasificación actualizada de las rocas, mediante el uso del diagrama TAS. Finalmente, se integró toda la información en un mapa, bajo la asignación de una nueva nomenclatura, tomando en cuenta la temporalidad crono-estratigráfica, el nombre original y el tipo de roca obtenido bajo una clasificación geoquímica formal, permitiendo ilustrar un total de 573 unidades volcánicas del Neógeno-Cuaternario, divididas en tres series volcánicas: Pre-Pinacate, Santa Clara y Pinacate, que sobreyacen a rocas de un basamento cristalino pre-Cenozoico, y que son cubiertas por depósitos sedimentarios Cuaternarios.
El cólera en el siglo XIX: Construcción cartográfica y modelado espacio-temporal global
Authors: Buzai Gustavo D. , Montes-Galbán Eloy
Published: January 2025

El análisis espacial de las enfermedades permite realizar abordajes históricos a partir del estudio de la difusión espacial de los contagios en diferentes escalas del espacio geográfico y el tiempo. Mediante la utilización de mapas históricos que presentan la distribución espacial del cólera en diferentes espacios y años, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue lograr una síntesis que captara el proceso global espacial de la enfermedad. La tarea realizada lleva al mapa de la difusión espacial mundial del cólera durante el Siglo XIX, en el cual se determinan los vectores seguidos por la enfermedad y los principales núcleos poblacionales afectados desde Indostán hasta América del Sur. Como base de una interpretación socioespacial, los resultados completos se presentan en un poster que incluye los seis períodos analizados, un mapa síntesis mundial, la evolución temporal y el modelo espacial.
Mapas de biomasa aérea de bosques del norte de Durango, México, utilizando variables subpixel, espectrales y texturales
Authors: Almazán González Juan Andrés , Prado Molina Jorge , Couturier Stéphane , Manzo Delgado Lilia de Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Los mapas de biomasa forestal aérea disponibles en la literatura científica son, en su mayoría, de acceso restringido, en formato estático (pdf) y en estudios que se centran más en el modelo de estimación de biomasa en sí mismo. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar la utilidad de las variables subpixel para generar mapas de biomasa forestal y cotejarlas frente a las variables espectrales y texturales.
La zona de estudio, se ubicó en un área de 11 336.82 km2, de bosque del norte de Durango, México. Fueron utilizados 96 conglomerados de muestreo del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos 2009-2014, 9 imágenes SPOT5 y técnicas de regresión para generar los modelos de estimación de biomasa.
Los mapas construidos con las variables subpixel con demezclado espectral lineal y fracción de vegetación (FV) (escala 1:750 000), fueron comparables con las variables espectrales, obtenidas con el NDVI43, ya que presentaron un RMSE de 56.54 Mg ha-1 y R2 de 0.69, y RMSE de 50.38 Mg ha-1 y R2 de 0.55, respectivamente. Y aunque los mapas mostraron una distribución de biomasa similar, el modelo con la FV fue más robusto para estimar valores extremos, tuvo mejor coeficiente de determinación, además de ser una variable de fácil interpretación.
Los resultados estarán publicados como mapas web, con varias capas de información de acceso abierto.
Hacia una nueva poética de la democracia: el activismo y pensamiento político de Srećko Horvat
Authors: Caloca Lafont Eloy
Published: January 2025

El filósofo croata Srećko Horvat (Osijek, 1983) no es solamente un pensador fresco y arriesgado; también es un teórico reciente que problematiza conceptos como “política” o “democracia” con profundidad, en aras de destacar que, más allá de ser categorías históricas o tradicionales, deben ser estrategias de organización y acción colectiva relacionadas con la ética, la subjetividad y la vida en común. Este interesante personaje, que puede ser considerado como un activista rockstar por su cercanía con todo un star system mundial de músicos, cineastas, artistas y académicos, y que ha sido clave en movimientos europeos tan relevantes como DiEM 25 o la Internacional Progresista, plantea que lo político debe ser una “poética” —es decir, una forma de existencia, afectividad, relación con las y los demás, y cotidianidad— para transmutar valores neoliberales como el individualismo, el egoísmo o la competitividad, en el colectivismo, la comunalidad y el diálogo. Así, propone que debe crearse una idea de utopía o futuro basada en el transnacionalismo, la participación ciudadana, la apertura de espacios públicos y digitales colectivos, la solidaridad y el amor mutuo, como alternativas a la desinformación e imposturas discursivas (estetizaciones) de la globalización, el realismo capitalista y las extremas derechas antisistema de la actualidad.
Circuitos cortos de comercialización, territorio y territorialidad: exploración de similitudes, diferencias y fundamentos
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin , Nieto Aguirre Miguel Arturo , Martínez Ramírez Carlos David
Published: January 2025

El propósito general de esta investigación es llevar a cabo un análisis profundo de los vínculos entre los circuitos cortos de comercialización, el territorio y la territorialidad, con el fin de comprender cómo estas dinámicas inciden en la configuración de sistemas económicos locales y en la preservación de identidades culturales. La metodología empleada es de enfoque cualitativo y se divide en dos métodos distintos. En una primera etapa, se utilizan ecuaciones de búsqueda de categorías analíticas. Posteriormente, se lleva a cabo una revisión documental mediante el método PRISMA. La conclusión principal obtenida es que los diálogos entre los circuitos cortos de comercialización, el territorio y la territorialidad construye un sistema interdependiente en el cual la proximidad geográfica, la identificación cultural con el territorio y la colaboración local se entrelazan para fomentar la sostenibilidad económica y la preservación de identidades culturales en contextos locales.
Informalidad laboral y economía no observada: una revisión de la literatura aplicada en la República Dominicana
Authors: Rodríguez Núñez Juan Bautista
Published: January 2025

Esta revisión de la literatura, que analiza 52 referencias clasificadas entre artículos de revistas, capítulos de libros, informes, libros, páginas web y tesis, examina la informalidad laboral y la economía no observada en la República Dominicana. La informalidad laboral afecta a entre el 55.0% y el 58.0% de los trabajadores, influida por factores como la educación, el género y las barreras institucionales, con un impacto desproporcionado en las mujeres, quienes enfrentan mayores riesgos de pobreza. Los estudios revisados también destacan que la informalidad es procíclica, actuando como amortiguador económico en tiempos de crisis, como ocurrió durante la pandemia de COVID-19, que agravó su impacto negativo en la recaudación fiscal. Por otro lado, la economía no observada, estimada en un rango entre el 35.5% y el 38.0% del PIB, comparte varias causas con la informalidad, incluidas las barreras regulatorias, la evasión fiscal y la incapacidad del mercado formal para absorber toda la oferta laboral. Esta conexión entre ambos fenómenos refleja la interrelación entre el sector laboral informal y la economía subterránea, donde las deficiencias estructurales en el marco institucional fomentan ambos.
Optimizing Railway Construction Project through Phase-Based Planning
Authors: Namdev Krishnakanth
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the integration of phase-based planning in the development and maintenance of railway
infrastructure, with a specific focus on the Katni railway project. The study emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in
optimizing project timelines, cost efficiency, and safety, particularly in large-scale railway projects. The research delves into the
challenges faced in railway infrastructure development, including complexities in construction, maintenance, and resource
allocation, and addresses how phase-based planning methodologies can provide effective solutions. Key aspects of railway
infrastructure, such as the construction of ballasted track systems, the overhead catenary system (OHE), and maintenance
practices, are examined to demonstrate their role in ensuring long-term performance and sustainability.
The methodology section outlines advanced techniques in planning and categorization of maintenance activities such as routine,
preventive, and predictive maintenance, along with the critical factors impacting railway track conditions. The phase-based
decision support system is explored, highlighting its potential to streamline planning, mitigate risks, and ensure on-time project
completion without accidents. The optimization of railway construction phases, through technical, economic, and constrained
optimization models, is discussed in detail, showcasing the integration of operations research to enhance efficiency. The results
of the study focus on the Katni Railway project, offering insights into the advantages of strategic planning, comprehensive
execution, financial performance, and resource allocation based on phase-based planning methodologies
Detecting Cyberbullying through Social Media: A Deep Learning Approach
Authors: B Vandana
Published: January 2025

The use of digital technologies has led to the development of cyberbullying, and the use of social media has become an
important source of it. Cyberbullying can take many forms, like explicit remarks, threats, hate messages, and posting false
information about someone that millions of people can see and read. Cyberbullying is a misconduct in which an attacker targets
a person with online provocations and hatred, leading to emotional, social, and physical impacts on the victim. This study
proposes a novel approach to preventing cyberbullying through deep learning techniques like specifically Recurrent Neural
Networks (RNNs), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM). This research sets the groundwork for the creation of
intelligent and adaptive structures that promote an optimistic online experience for users all over the world.
KONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN YUSUF AL-QARDHAWI DALAM PEMBARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
Authors: Nida Rafiqa Izzati  , Hadi Bagus Kusumo , Pebriansyah Taufik Pajar , Arfa M Fadhil Azzam , Arroyan Na'im
Published: January 2025

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, dunia Islam telah mengalami perubahan yang mendalam, tidak terkecuali Hukum Islam. Salah satu tokoh yang mencoba membangun konstruksi pemikiran untuk membarukan hukum Islam adalah Alm. Syaikh Yusuf Al-Qardhawi. Maka artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas secara mendalam latar belakang, pemikiran, metode, prinsip, serta relevansi pemikiran Qardhawi terhadap hukum keluarga Islam. Penulisan artikel ini menerapkan metode kajian kepustakaan dengan menghimpun data kualitatif yang ditemukan dari berbagai sumber tulisan yang relevan. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa Qardhawi memiliki pemikiran progresif, terutama dalam konteks hukum Islam. Beliau menekankan inklusivitas, adaptasi terhadap perubahan zaman, serta tetap setia pada prinsip dasar ajaran Islam. Sebagaimana metode istinbath hukumnya, Qardhawi mengembangkan metode yang dapat mengakomodasi perubahan zaman dan kebutuhan masyarakat, seperti; Ijtihad intiqa’i, ijtihad insya’i, dan ijtihad intiqa’i insya’i. Sedangkan tentang prinsip pembacaan hukum Islam, Qardhawi memiliki konsep seperti bersikap moderat, bebas dari taklid dan berfanatik terhadap suatu mazhab, memberi kemudahan, mengemukakan pendapat dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami, serta menolak untuk membahas masalah yang tidak bermanfaat. Sebelum peninggalannya, beliau juga telah menghasilkan karya-karya yang mencakup isu-isu kontemporer, diantaranya adalah buku yang berjudul fikih prioritas, fikih zakat, dan lainnya. Pemikirannya memiliki implikasi besar pada perkembangan hukum keluarga Islam, di antara pemikiran Qardhawi yang bersangkutan dengan Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia adalah kebolehan untuk ber-KB (Keluarga Berencana).
Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Hak dan Kewajiban Notaris dalam Era Digitalisasi: Analisis Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 dan Regulasi Tambahan
Authors: Damayanti Retno
Published: January 2025

The digitalization era has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including the notary profession. This study aims to analyze the rights and obligations of notaries in the digital era based on the Notary Position Law No. 2 of 2014 (UUJN) and to identify regulatory gaps between UUJN and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). The methodology used is a normative juridical approach, focusing on the analysis of positive law within UUJN and additional regulations related to digitalization. The findings reveal that UUJN currently does not fully accommodate the use of digital technology in notary practices, posing new challenges in data security, digital document authentication, and the validity of digital signatures. Furthermore, the weak integration between UUJN and UU ITE creates legal uncertainty for notaries in performing their duties in the digital age. The recommendations of this study include revising UUJN, establishing digital security standards, and providing specialized training for notaries to adapt to technological developments. With more adaptive regulations, it is hoped that the notary profession can effectively fulfill its function and maintain public trust.
Kewenangan Notaris/PPAT Melaksanakan Jasa Escrow Pembayaran Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan
Authors: Putri Kadek Krisnanda Pandi , Purwanto I Wayan Novy
Published: January 2025

Revenue from taxation, constituting the primary financial resource of a nation, mandates compliance from all taxpayers. Among the requisite fiscal impositions, the BPHTB Tax applies to transactions involving the acquisition of land and building rights. In this context, the Notary/PPAT, who serves as a public functionary in creating authentic transactional deeds, is frequently empowered by the involved parties to both hold tax payment funds in trust and to facilitate the payment of BPHTB Tax upon due. This function is recognized as Escrow Services. The focal legal question of this study concerns both the regulatory vacuum surrounding the authority granted to Notary/PPAT to administer BPHTB Tax payment via Escrow Services, and the nature of the accountability that must be assumed by Notary/PPAT when such services are exploited for personal gain. The approach employed in this scholarly endeavor constitutes a normative legal examination, concentrating primarily on the scrutiny of statutes. The principal subject of investigation is the norms and regulations stipulated within these legislative documents. The acquisition of legal information is executed through an analysis of documents or by conducting literature reviews. Subsequently, the amassed legal data undergoes analysis via a qualitative methodology. This study underscores the critical need for precise stipulations and restrictions concerning the Authority vested in Notary/PPAT. This regulation is perceived as possessing significant urgency in bestowing legal certainty upon all involved entities. It is articulated within Article 15 of the UUJNP that the Notary/PPAT lacks the authority to execute Escrow Services. Moreover, in an expression of accountability, Notary/PPAT who exploit the authority associated with Escrow Services dispensed by the parties will face criminal and administrative penalties.
DETERMINATION OF TANNIN CONTENT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA L.
Authors: Rahmawati  , Baits Muzakkir , Naid Tadjuddin , Azmi Nurul , Rumata Raudhia Wulandari
Published: January 2025

Aims and objectives: To ascertain the antibacterial capability using TLC-bioautography and the tannin content using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method in the ethanol extract of kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaves.
Methods: Tannins quantitatively utilizing the UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique using the folin ciocalteu reagent at a wavelength of up to 687 nm. Antibacterial potential against gastrointestinal infection-causing bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysentriae) is assessed using TLC-bioautography technique.
Results: The tannin content of the ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) is 41.9064±0.26 mgTAE/g extract. Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, and Vibrio cholerae, respectively, create inhibitory zones in the antibacterial potential test that yields 7, 8, 8, and 7 stains. Tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins are believed to be among the chemicals found in the TLC results obtained with stain spraying reagents 1, 3, 5, and 4, respectively.
Conclusions: The average tannin concentration of the ethanol extract of kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) is 41.9064±0.26 mgTAE/g extract, and it has antibacterial properties against germs that cause gastrointestinal illnesses.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 22 September 2024;   Reviewed 3 November; Accepted 15 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Childfree in Modern Muslim Communities of Lampung and West Java Provinces: A Maqāṣid al-sharī'ah Perspective
Authors: Mu'in Fathul , Miswanto Miswanto , Edy Relit Nur , Santoso Rudi , Fikri Arif
Published: January 2025

Recently, being childfree has become a trend in modern Muslim society. Childfree is practiced not only by celebrities but also by common people in Indonesia, particularly in Lampung and West Java provinces. On the one hand, the decision to be childfree is an individual right of each family, but it is considered contrary to the goals of Islamic law, which are to preserve offspring. This study examines the childfree phenomenon in modern Muslim communities in Lampung and West Java through the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. This research employed a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. The research suggested that modern Muslim communities in Lampung and West Java Provinces choose childfree for economic, mental, health, perspective, and environmental reasons. According to maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, being childfree contradicts Sharia's purpose of preserving offspring. Sharia promotes marriage and having healthy offspring. Meanwhile, Sharia cannot justify childfree due to lifestyle or economic factors. Specifically, a fear of not being able to provide for the child's future needs because Allah ensures livelihood for every servant who has faith and works diligently. At the same time, being child-free due to health reasons is permissible.
Realizing Post-Disaster Sakinah Families: Analysis of the Resilience of Semeru Eruption Survivors' Families at the Relocation Site from the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Perspective
Authors: Rosyadi Imron , Shofi Muhammad Aminuddin , Ningsih Erlin Indaya , Sabri Fahruddin Ali
Published: January 2025

The aim of this research is to analyze the resilience of families of Semeru eruption survivors after being relocated to new housing from a Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah perspective, referring to the parameters in the Regulation of the Minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, there are four indicators to measure family resilience, namely: physical, economic, social psychological, and socio-cultural. This research includes field studies with a qualitative approach, collecting data using interview techniques, observation and documentation. Content analysis is used as a data analysis technique, with triangulation of data sources as a technique for checking data validity. The research findings show: sequentially the economic aspects felt most affected by the survivors of the Semeru eruption after relocation, loss of assets and difficulty in finding new livelihoods were the causes, in second place the psychological aspect was due to the trauma felt, in third place the socio-cultural aspect was due to having to adapt in a neighborhood with completely new neighbors, and finally the physical aspect due to the lack of health services in the new residence. The efforts made are looking for a new job, strengthening the closeness between family members, strengthening solidarity and solidity between families in a new environment, and strengthening the spiritual aspects of the family. From a Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah perspective, the condition of survivors' families is not yet ideal, because these families are still classified as vulnerable in terms of economic aspects and the realization of the values of sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah. Referring to the provisions in Law no. 52 of 2009 and Law no. No. 24 of 2007, building the resilience of families of Semeru eruption survivors cannot be placed solely on the family, it needs real support from the government, professionals, academics and civil society, to make this happen.
Moderation of Madhhabs in West Sumatra Towards Hadhanah of Minors Whose Mothers Remarry
Authors: Sulfinadia Hamda , Roszi Jurna Petri
Published: January 2025

This study examines the implementation of the fiqh madhhab of West Sumatran society regarding the hadhanah rights of minors whose mothers remarry. The study aimed to map the moderation of the West Sumatran madhhab of society, known as the Shafi'i madhhab. This research uses qualitative methods with a sociological approach to law. Seventeen cases were found in 3 research locations: Pariaman, Luhak Agam, and Luhak Fifty Cities. The location was chosen because it is an area with a higher level of moderation than other regions in West Sumatra. The location of this study was determined using a purposive random sample technique. In the people of West Sumatra, the right of hadhanah remains with the mother, even if the mother remarries. This opinion is in harmony with that of the Maliki Madhhab. The matrilineal kinship system in Minangkabau also supports this: the child belongs to the mother and her family. When the mother's father is divorced, the child follows his mother. However, in 3 cases, it was found that the father took away the rights of a minor whose mother remarried. Basically, the people of West Sumatra have practiced the moderation of mazhab. This is evident from their practice, where they indirectly practice the diversity of mazhab opinions in the case of hadhanah of minors whose mothers remarry.
Preventing Domestic Violence Under Martial Law in Ukraine
Authors: Haltsova Olena , Obolentsev Valeriy , Smetanina Nataliia , Fivkin Petro , Panova Svitlana
Published: January 2025

The issue of domestic violence is one of the most common violations of human rights in modern times. No nation is exempt from this issue. However, the conflict and its aftermath have only exacerbated the situation and complicated it, although domestic violence has long been a serious and widespread problem in Ukrainian society. Therefore, research and analysis of this harmful social phenomenon is necessary to successfully combat domestic violence, especially in light of martial law. The combination of statistical data collection and analysis, analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical and analytical approaches, abstraction, and generalization formed the basis of the methodology of the research. This study aims to analyze the current situation and statistics surrounding domestic violence in Ukraine during the period of war, to discuss the problem of preventing domestic violence under martial law, and to give recommendations for strengthening the laws governing this area.