bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bais Yaakov Network: A Case Study for a Transnationally Sustainable Community Leadership
Authors: Yogev Dikla
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The Bais Yaakov school network represents an unusual phenomenon: a school system with strong transnational tendencies. Founded in 1917 in Poland, it developed rapidly there in the interwar period; in the 1930s, it also struck roots first in Mandate Palestine and then in North America. The Bais Yaakov network of schools, which flourishes today, tells a story of sustainability over time and space. This paper presents historical analysis and social network analysis (SNA) of the early years of the Bais Yaakov network, analyzing Hebrew press newspaper articles published between 1930 and 1948 to demonstrate how a number of key leaders in the schools' administration played a crucial role in developing the network. This network involved not only the schools themselves, but also religious advocacy and government relations. Key actors leveraged their brokering power with these larger organizations in order to expand the network in Poland and the Land of Israel. The organizational affiliations of key actors thus shed light on the place of Bais Yaakov within a larger network of community organizations: in both locations, these leaders usually held a double role as educators as well as important community figures within the broader Orthodox Jewish context. These findings suggest that the sustainability of transnational networks depends on strong leaders who are involved within the network to promote its specific global identity but who are also active and powerful in the local peripheries, amplifying network visibility within local and broader communities and maintaining beneficial connections with local governmental authorities.
Witnessing the Ghost, Letting the Ghost Witness: Exploring the Impediments of Witness Narratives in Holocaust Camp Testimonies through Spectrality and the Metaphor of the Muselmann
Authors: Williams Alexander
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Within debates surrounding "Levi's Paradox"—the idea that through their survival, survivors are not necessarily the "complete witnesses" of the Holocaust—the Muselmann is frequently posited as able to reconcile this conundrum. Within testimonial literature, these emaciated prisoners were perceived as ghost-like entities who were neither alive nor dead but somehow between life and death. The observed absence left in witness narratives thereby appears to be testimony from inside the experience of these Muselmänner . What is ubiquitously overlooked in such analyses is that the Muselmann primarily functions as a metaphor—rendering the absent dead legible in language. Ignoring this risks instrumentalizing the Muselmann , which threatens to allow the metaphor to become shorthand for something more generic—obfuscating the reality that Muselmänner signify real Holocaust victims. However, all metaphors contain a potential for semantic flexibility. Cannot the Muselmann's ability to pollute rigid dichotomies therefore be approached productively and more ethically when refocalizing him as a ghostly entity in testimonial literature? By examining passages from Primo Levi's If This Is a Man and Charlotte Delbo's Auschwitz and After , this article asks: if the Muselmann is viewed as a ghostly or spectral metaphor—a haunting force within the Holocaust's literary corpus—how might this spectral witness be able to draw attention to erasure and historical blind spots? Constituting an ethical and an interpretive undertaking, this refocalization simultaneously allows one to speak with the Muselmann and enables these anonymous victims to manifest themselves anew as haunting forces through literary testimony.
Comparative analysis of full-field OCT and optical transmission tomography
Authors: Alhaddad Samer , Thouvenin Olivier , Boccara Martine , Boccara Claude , Mazlin Viacheslav
Published: July 2023

This work compares two tomographic imaging technologies, time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) working in reflection and optical transmission tomography (OTT), using a new optical setup that combines both. We show that, due to forward-scattering properties, the axial sectioning and contrast in OTT can be optimized by tuning illumination. The influence of sample scattering and thickness are discussed. We illustrate the comparison of the two methods in static (morphology) and dynamic (metabolic contrast) regimes using cell cultures, tissues and entire organisms emphasizing the advantages of both approaches.
Photoacoustic tomography as a method to estimate the optical fluence distribution in turbid media
Authors: Yip Lawrence C. M. , Rascevska Elina , Omidi Parsa , Carson Jeffrey J. L.
Published: July 2023

Currently, there are no non-invasive experimental methods available for measuring optical fluence distributions in tissue. We present photoacoustic tomography (PAT) as a method to approximate the relative optical fluence distribution in a homogeneous optically scattering medium. Three-dimensional photoacoustic images were captured with a near-full view PAT scanner in phantoms with known optical absorption and scatter properties. Resultant 3D PAT images were compared to the expected optical fluence distributions from Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion theory using volumetric and shape analysis. Volumetric analysis of PAT images compared well with the optical fluence distributions from simulation. Dice similarity coefficients ranged from 51 to 82%. The reduced scattering coefficient estimated from PAT images compared well to estimates from simulations for values below 0.5 mm-1. Near full-view PAT has been found to be useful for estimating the optical fluence distribution in an optically scattering medium. Further development is needed to extend the measurement range.
On-chip Y-junction with adaptive power splitting toward ultrabroad bandwidth
Authors: Wu You , Guo Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zimeng , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai , Xu Ke
Published: July 2023

Growing research interests have been directed to the emerging optical communication band at 2-µm wavelengths. The silicon photonic components are highly desired to operate over a broad bandwidth covering both C-band and the emerging 2-µm wave band. However, the dispersions of the silicon waveguides eventually limit the optical bandwidth of the silicon photonic devices. Here, we introduce a topology-optimized Y-junction with a shallow-etched trench and its utility to reverse the detrimental dispersion effect. The shallow trench enables the Y-junction to have an adaptive splitting capability over a broad spectral range. The 0.2-dB bandwidth of the power splitter exceeds 800 nm from 1400 nm to 2200 nm. The device has a compact footprint of 3 µm × 1.64 µm. The device is characterized at the C-band and 2-µm band with a measured excess loss below 0.4 dB for a proof-of-concept demonstration.
The effect of laser wavelength on soil carbon measurement using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Mohajan Shubho , Huang Yingchao , Beier Nicholas , Dyck Miles , Hegmann Frank , Bais Abdul , Hussein Amina
Published: July 2023

We investigate the effect of laser wavelength on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) on the measurement of carbon in agricultural soils. Two laser wavelengths, 1064 nm and 532 nm were used to determine soil carbon concentration. No chemical pretreatment, grinding, or pelletization was performed on soil samples to simulate in-field conditions. A multivariate calibration model with outlier filtering and optimized parameters in partial least squared regression (PLSR) was established and validated. The calibration model estimated carbon content in soils with an average prediction error of 4.7% at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm and 2.7% at 532 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) range for 532 nm was 0.34-0.5 w/w%, approximately half of the LOD range for 1064 nm laser wavelength. The improvement in prediction error and LOD of LIBS measurements is attributed to the increase in plasma density achieved at 532 nm.
Single-ended characterization of the coherent transfer matrix of coupled multimode transmission channels
Authors: Fardoost Alireza , Vanani Fatemeh Ghaedi , Chandrasekhar Sethumadhavan , Li Guifang
Published: July 2023

Light propagation in random media is a subject of interest to the optics community at large, with applications ranging from imaging to communication and sensing. However, real-time characterization of wavefront distortion in random media remains a major challenge. Compounding the difficulties, for many applications such as imaging (e.g., endoscopy) and focusing through random media, we only have single-ended access. In this work, we propose to represent wavefronts as superpositions of spatial modes. Within this framework, random media can be represented as a coupled multimode transmission channel. Once the distributed coherent transfer matrix of the channel is characterized, wavefront distortions along the path can be obtained. Fortunately, backreflections almost always accompany mode coupling and wavefront distortions. Therefore, we further propose to utilize backreflections to perform single-ended characterization of the coherent transfer matrix. We first develop the general framework for single-ended characterization of the coherent transfer matrix of coupled multimode transmission channels. Then, we apply this framework to the case of a two-mode channel, a single-mode fiber, which supports two randomly coupled polarization modes, to provide a proof-of-concept demonstration. Furthermore, as one of the main applications of coherent channel estimation, a polarization imaging system through single-mode fibers is implemented. We envision that the proposed method can be applied to both guided and free-space channels with a multitude of applications.
Harnessing self-heating effect for ultralow-crosstalk electro-optic Mach–Zehnder switches
Authors: Bao Peng , Cheng Qixiang , Wei Jinlong , Talli Giuseppe , Kuschnerov Maxim , Penty Richard V.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to counterbalance free-carrier-absorption (FCA) in electro-optic (E-O) Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cells by harnessing the self-heating effect. We show insights on crosstalk limitations in MZIs with direct carrier-injection and provide a detailed design methodology on a differential phase shifter pair. Leveraging both free-carrier dispersion (FCD) and self-heating effects, our design enables arbitrary phase tuning with balanced FCA loss in the pair of arms, eliminating the need for additional phase corrections and creating ultralow crosstalk MZI elements. This neat design disengages from the commonly used nested structure, thus providing an opportunity of embedding tunable couplers for correcting imperfect splitting ratios given that only two are needed. We show that with the use of tunable directional couplers, a standard ±10  nm process variation is tolerated, while achieving a crosstalk ratio below −40  dB. By direct carrier injection in both arms, the proposed device operates at nanosecond scales and can bring about a breakthrough in the scalability of E-O switch fabrics, as well as other silicon integrated circuits that have stringent requirements for crosstalk leakage.
Slow-light-enhanced on-chip 1D and 2D photonic crystal waveguide gas sensing in near-IR with an ultrahigh interaction factor
Authors: Peng Zihang , Huang Yijun , Zheng Kaiyuan , Zheng Chuantao , Pi Mingquan , Zhao Huan , Ji Jialin , Min Yuting , Liang Lei , Song Fang , Zhang Yu , Wang Yiding , Tittel Frank K.
Published: July 2023

Nanophotonic waveguides hold great promise to achieve chip-scale gas sensors. However, their performance is limited by a short light path and small light–analyte overlap. To address this challenge, silicon-based, slow-light-enhanced gas-sensing techniques offer a promising approach. In this study, we experimentally investigated the slow light characteristics and gas-sensing performance of 1D and 2D photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) in the near-IR (NIR) region. The proposed 2D PCW exhibited a high group index of up to 114, albeit with a high propagation loss. The limit of detection (LoD) for acetylene (C2H2) was 277 parts per million (ppm) for a 1 mm waveguide length and an averaging time of 0.4 s. The 1D PCW shows greater application potential compared to the 2D PCW waveguide, with an interaction factor reaching up to 288%, a comparably low propagation loss of 10 dB/cm, and an LoD of 706 ppm at 0.4 s. The measured group indices of the 2D and 1D waveguides are 104 and 16, respectively, which agree well with the simulation results.
Advanced mid-infrared plasmonic waveguides for on-chip integrated photonics
Authors: David Mauro , Disnan Davide , Arigliani Elena , Lardschneider Anna , Marschick Georg , Hoang Hanh T. , Detz Hermann , Lendl Bernhard , Schmid Ulrich , Strasser Gottfried , Hinkov Borislav
Published: July 2023

Long-wave infrared (LWIR, 8–14 µm) photonics is a rapidly growing research field within the mid-IR with applications in molecular spectroscopy and optical free-space communication. LWIR applications are often addressed using rather bulky tabletop-sized free-space optical systems, preventing advanced photonic applications, such as rapid-time-scale experiments. Here, device miniaturization into photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with maintained optical capabilities is key to revolutionize mid-IR photonics. Subwavelength mode confinement in plasmonic structures enabled such miniaturization approaches in the visible-to-near-IR spectral range. However, adopting plasmonics for the LWIR needs suitable low-loss and -dispersion materials with compatible integration strategies to existing mid-IR technology. In this paper, we further unlock the field of LWIR/mid-IR PICs by combining photolithographic patterning of organic polymers with dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton (DLSPP) waveguides. In particular, polyethylene shows favorable optical properties, including low refractive index and broad transparency between ∼2  μm and 200 µm. We investigate the whole value chain, including design, fabrication, and characterization of polyethylene-based DLSPP waveguides and demonstrate their first-time plasmonic operation and mode guiding capabilities along S-bend structures. Low bending losses of ∼1.3  dB and straight-section propagation lengths of ∼1  mm, pave the way for unprecedented complex on-chip mid-IR photonic devices. Moreover, DLSPPs allow full control of the mode parameters (propagation length and guiding capabilities) for precisely addressing advanced sensing and telecommunication applications with chip-scale devices.
Beyond Astana: Configuring the World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for primary health care
Authors: Khatri Resham B. , Hill Peter S. , Wolka Eskinder , Nigatu Frehiwot , Zewdie Anteneh , Assefa Yibeltal
Published: July 2023

The understanding of primary health care (PHC) has evolved significantly, evident in key World Health Organization (WHO) reports, promoting PHC as a means for health for all, identifying key health systems reforms and focusing on health care experience. This study explores the WHO’s current framing of PHC, and its configuration of WHO Collaborating Centres (WHOCCs) on PHC using the data available on the WHOCCs Portal. We analysed the following variables: title, institutions, location, economy, date of mandate, objectives, subject, and activity. There were 13 WHOCCs on PHC, nine based in North America and Europe, and none in Africa. Only three were in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The WHOCCs on PHC focused on three broad subjects: five focused on human resources for health (HRH); four on health systems research (HSR) and development, with an emphasis on family medicine; four on PHC systems. Activities were related to training and education, provision of technical advice, and research. Support to WHO on implementation of PHC was an activity for two LMIC based WHOCCs. The current configuration of WHOCCs on PHC is consistent with the evolution of PHC and its intersection with Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. The increasing attention to people-centred health systems aligns with WHO’s commitment to PHC in all health systems, though this needs special interpretation for LMICs with their limited HRH. There has been a shift in subjects from HRH towards primary care and family medicine, and HSR highlighting primary care and PHC systems. The concern is an absence of WHOCCs in the Africa and Latin and South Americas, and under-representation in LMICs. Designating more institutions from the South with expertise in PHC is necessary to address the challenges post-Astana.
Estimating age of mule deer in the field: Can we move beyond broad age categories?
Authors: Hinton Morgan S. , McMillan Brock R. , Hersey Kent R. , Larsen Randy T.
Published: July 2023

Age of individuals is an intrinsic demographic parameter used in the modeling and management of wildlife. Although analysis of cementum annuli from teeth is currently the most accurate method used to age ungulates, the age of live ungulates in the field can be estimated by examining tooth wear and tooth replacement patterns. However, there may be limitations to aging based on tooth wear as the rate of tooth wear likely varies among individuals due to factors such as age, diet, environment, and sex. Our objective was to determine the reliability of estimating age for mule deer based on tooth wear and tooth replacement patterns. We compared ages estimated by tooth wear (collected at time of capture for a statewide monitoring effort) to ages determined from cementum analysis (from teeth collected after mortalities of radio-tracked animals from the monitoring effort). Accuracy was high; ages estimated from tooth wear were within one year of cementum ages >75% of the time when aged by experienced observers. Bias in accuracy for estimates of age was low but slightly biased toward underestimation (i.e., 0.6 years on average)—especially as cementum age increased. Our results indicate that aging mule deer using patterns in tooth wear can be reliable if observers estimating age have experience using this method.
An intercomparison of models predicting growth of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba): The importance of recognizing model specificity
Authors: Bahlburg Dominik , Thorpe Sally E. , Meyer Bettina , Berger Uta , Murphy Eugene J.
Published: July 2023

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a key species of the Southern Ocean, impacted by climate change and human exploitation. Understanding how these changes affect the distribution and abundance of krill is crucial for generating projections of change for Southern Ocean ecosystems. Krill growth is an important indicator of habitat suitability and a series of models have been developed and used to examine krill growth potential at different spatial and temporal scales. The available models have been developed using a range of empirical and mechanistic approaches, providing alternative perspectives and comparative analyses of the key processes influencing krill growth. Here we undertake an intercomparison of a suite of the available models to understand their sensitivities to major driving variables. This illustrates that the results are strongly determined by the model structure and technical characteristics, and the data on which they were developed and validated. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing the constraints and requirements of individual krill growth models to ensure their appropriate application. The study also demonstrates the value of the development of alternative modelling approaches to identify key processes affecting the dynamics of krill. Of critical importance for modelling the growth of krill is appropriately assessing and accounting for differences in estimates of food availability resulting from alternative methods of observation. We suggest that an intercomparison approach is particularly valuable in the development and application of models for the assessment of krill growth potential at circumpolar scales and for future projections. As another result of the intercomparison, the implementations of the models used in this study are now publicly available for future use and analyses.
Cancer cells same as zombies reprogram normal cells via the secreted microenvironment
Authors: Rabiee Shadi , Hoveizi Elham , Barati Mahmood , Salehzadeh Ali , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Tavakol Shima
Published: July 2023

The cancer microenvironment plays a crucial role in promoting metastasis and malignancy even in normal cells. In the present study, the effect of acidic and conditioned media of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), separately and in combination, was studied for the first time on the cell death mechanisms and DNA methylation of normal fibroblasts (NIH/3T3). Cell survival of conditioned media was rescued by the addition of acidic media to conditioned media, as shown by the results. Cell metabolic activity is deviated in a direction other than the Krebs cycle by acidic media The mitochondrial metabolic activity of all groups was enhanced over time, except for acidic media. Unlike the highest amount of ROS in conditioned media, its level decreased to the level of acidic media in the combination group. Furthermore, cells were deviated towards autophagy, rather than apoptosis, by the addition of acidic media to the conditioned media, unlike the conditioned media. Global DNA methylation analysis revealed significantly higher DNA hypomethylation in acidic media than in normal and combination media. Not only were cells treated with conditioned media rescued by acidic media, but also DNA hypomethylation and apoptosis in the combination group were decreased through epigenetic modifications. The acidic and conditioned media produced by cancer cells can remotely activate malignant signaling pathways, much like zombies, which can cause metabolic and epigenetic changes in normal cells.
Acoustic indices as proxies for bird species richness in an urban green space in Metro Manila
Authors: Diaz Skyla Dennise U. , Gan Jelaine L. , Tapang Giovanni A.
Published: July 2023

We assessed eight acoustic indices as proxies for bird species richness in the National Science Complex (NSC), University of the Philippines Diliman. The acoustic indices were the normalized Acoustic Complexity Index (nACI), Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI), inverse Acoustic Evenness Index (1-AEI), Bioacoustic Index (BI), Acoustic Entropy Index (H), Temporal Entropy Index (Ht), Spectral Entropy Index (Hf), and Acoustic Richness Index (AR). Low-cost, automated sound recorders using a Raspberry Pi were placed in three sites at the NSC to continuously collect 5-min sound samples from July 2020 to January 2022. We selected 840 5-min sound samples, equivalent to 70 hours, through stratified sampling and pre-processed them before conducting acoustic index analysis on the raw and pre-processed data. We measured Spearman’s correlation between each acoustic index and bird species richness obtained from manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings. We compared the correlation coefficients between the raw and pre-processed.wav files to assess the robustness of the indices using Fisher’s z-transformation. Additionally, we used GLMMs to determine how acoustic indices predict bird species richness based on season and time of day. The Spearman’s rank correlation and GLMM analysis showed significant, weak negative correlations between the nACI, 1-AEI, Ht, and AR with bird species richness. The weak correlations suggest that the performance of acoustic indices are dependent on various factors, such as the local noise conditions, bird species composition, season, and time of day. Thus, ground-truthing of the acoustic indices should be done before applying them in studies. Among the eight indices, the nACI was the best-performing index, performing consistently across sites and independently of season and time of day. We highlight the importance of pre-processing sound data from urban settings and other noisy environments before acoustic index analysis, as this strengthens the correlation between index values and bird species richness.
Return(s) on investment: Restoration spending in the Columbia River Basin and increased abundance of salmon and steelhead
Authors: Jaeger William K. , Scheuerell Mark D.
Published: July 2023

The decline in salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin has been well documented, as have the decades-long, $9 billion restoration spending efforts by federal and state agencies. These efforts are mainly tied to Endangered Species Act (ESA) mandates for recovery of wild, naturally-spawning threatened or endangered fish species. The impact of these efforts remains poorly understood; many observers, including the federal courts, have long been concerned by the lack of evidence of recovery. Most studies evaluating restoration efforts have examined individual projects for specific species, reaches, or life stages, which limits the ability to make broad inferences at the basin level. There is a need to ask: is there evidence of an overall increase in wild fish abundance associated with the totality of these recovery efforts? To that end, the current study estimates fixed-effects panel regression models of adult returns of four species. Results indicate that restoration spending combined with hatchery production are associated with substantial increases in returning adult fish. Evidence of benefits to wild fish alone, however, require indirect approaches given the commingling of restoration spending with spending on hatchery releases, the impacts of spending on hatchery fish survival, and the density dependence effects of hatchery releases. To accomplish this, the models’ predicted adult returns (both hatchery and wild fish) attributed to both spending and hatchery releases are compared to independent estimates of returning hatchery fish based on hatchery survival estimates (smolt-to-adult ratios). The comparison finds the model-predicted levels of adult returns due to spending and hatchery releases do not exceed the survival-rate based estimates for hatcheries alone, so that we are unable to reject the hypothesis of no benefits to wild fish from the restoration spending.
Ethanolaminephosphate cytidylyltransferase is essential for survival, lipid homeostasis and stress tolerance in Leishmania major
Authors: Basu Somrita , Pawlowic Mattie C. , Hsu Fong-Fu , Thomas Geoff , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2023

Glycerophospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are vital components of biological membranes. Trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania can acquire PE and PC via de novo synthesis and the uptake/remodeling of host lipids. In this study, we investigated the ethanolaminephosphate cytidylyltransferase (EPCT) in Leishmania major, which is the causative agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis. EPCT is a key enzyme in the ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway which is responsible for the de novo synthesis of PE. Our results demonstrate that L. major EPCT is a cytosolic protein capable of catalyzing the formation of CDP-ethanolamine from ethanolamine-phosphate and cytidine triphosphate. Genetic manipulation experiments indicate that EPCT is essential in both the promastigote and amastigote stages of L. major as the chromosomal null mutants cannot survive without the episomal expression of EPCT. This differs from our previous findings on the choline branch of the Kennedy pathway (responsible for PC synthesis) which is required only in promastigotes but not amastigotes. While episomal EPCT expression does not affect promastigote proliferation under normal conditions, it leads to reduced production of ethanolamine plasmalogen or plasmenylethanolamine, the dominant PE subtype in Leishmania. In addition, parasites with episomal EPCT exhibit heightened sensitivity to acidic pH and starvation stress, and significant reduction in virulence. In summary, our investigation demonstrates that proper regulation of EPCT expression is crucial for PE synthesis, stress response, and survival of Leishmania parasites throughout their life cycle.
The accented Japanese screenplay: Transnational currents in contemporary Japanese cinema
Authors: McAulay Alec
Published: July 2023

Japanese cinema in the early twenty-first century has seen the emergence of Japanese-language films written by non-Japanese screenwriters. The arrival of these screenwriters and screenplays complicates existing discourses on ‘nation’ and the transnational in Japanese cinema. In particular, it adds to the tensions around East–West binaries that often permeate considerations of non-Japanese contact with cinematic representations of Japan and requires industry practitioners and researchers to re-consider notions of ‘Japan’ and cultural contact in cinema from Japan. Drawing on the concept of ‘accented cinema’, this article positions Japanese screenplays by non-Japanese screenwriters as accented Japanese screenplays. Two such screen texts are critiqued to suggest the dialogic inevitability of polyvocal interpretations of accented Japanese screenplays with regard to issues of privilege and marginalization, as well as the national and the transnational.
Impacto del turismo deportivo sobre la masa social y la economía de un club de fútbol. El caso del F.C. Barcelona
Authors: Gutiérrez-Aragón Óscar , Gassiot-Melian Ariadna , Martín-Guerrero Lydia
Published: July 2023

El principal objetivo de este trabajo es valorar el impacto que el turismo deportivo tiene sobre los socios y aficionados de un club como el F.C. Barcelona, así como sobre la economía de la propia institución y la ciudad en la que está radicado. Se han empleado metodologías de análisis cuantitativo, a partir de datos de fuentes primarias (encuesta a una muestra de socios, a cuyos resultados se practica análisis bivariado) y fuentes secundarias (informes de consultoras de reconocido prestigio). Los resultados muestran que los ingresos originados por el turismo representaron el 12,33% de los ingresos totales del club y un 22,73% de los ingresos comerciales y del estadio durante la última temporada previa a la pandemia de COVID-19. La mayor parte de la masa social de la institución estima acertado realizar campañas de marketing para atraer a turistas a los eventos deportivos (82,15%), pues lo consideran necesario financieramente (94,77%) o útil para el fomento de imagen y marca (91,08%). No obstante, el 84% se muestra disconforme con unas estrategias de marketing y comunicación más centradas en los turistas que en los socios y un 80,31% estima que la presencia de turistas en el estadio oculta realmente unos malos datos de asistencia de aficionados locales. Se concluye que el perfil sociodemográfico del socio puede determinar su comportamiento tanto como turista al visitar instalaciones de otros equipos o ir a ver partidos en el extranjero, como de anfitrión, siendo las mujeres y los jóvenes los más críticos con las campañas y acciones para atraer los turistas al estadio.
Consumer behaviour in e-Tourism: Exploring new applications of machine learning in tourism studies
Authors: Mendieta-Aragón Adrián , Garín-Muñoz Teresa
Published: July 2023

Digital markets have altered how economic agents interact and have changed the behaviour of tourists. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that it is necessary to constantly monitor the evolution of digital consumer behaviour and the factors that influence it, as they are dynamic elements that evolve over time. This paper analyses digital inequalities and validates the main factors influencing tourists to book online tourism services. This research uses a set of microdata with 69,752 and 23,779 observations to analyse the booking mode of accommodation and transportation services, respectively, obtained from the Resident Travel Survey of the National Statistics Institute of Spain during the period 2016-2021. The article confirms variations in the online consumer profile and in the trip's characteristics. One of the most relevant findings is the narrowing of the generational gap in the online contracting of tourist services. However, there are remaining digital inequalities, such as regional inequalities and others based on the education level and income of tourists. It is also highlighted that different types of trips, depending on the destination, the type of accommodation or transport have a different propensity to be booked through digital purchase channels. The accessibility to big data sources and recent advances in machine learning models have also made the methodologies for analysing digital consumer behaviour evolve and must be incorporated into tourism studies. This study compares the predictive performance of different methodologies in the context of e Tourism. In particular, we evaluate the potential predictive power that could be obtained using machine learning techniques to explain consumer behaviour in e-Tourism and use it as a benchmark to compare it with the results obtained using traditional statistical methods. The selected predictive evaluation metrics show that the logistic regression statistical model outperforms the predictive power of the Multilayer Perceptron neural network and presents values very close to the maximum predictive power achieved by the Random Forest algorithm.
¿Cómo estudiar la calidad institucional en los sistemas de I+D y educación superior?: marco de análisis y estrategia de investigación empírica
Authors: Fernández Esquinas Manuel , Espinosa Soriano Paula
Published: July 2023

Este artículo propone un marco analítico y una metodología para investigar el funcionamiento de la calidad institucional en las universidades y los centros públicos de investigación de un país o área geográfica. La calidad institucional se define como un conjunto de rasgos de las instituciones que influyen en su funcionamiento y que condicionan el cumplimiento de las misiones para las que han sido creadas. Comprende varias dimensiones: condiciones contextuales relacionadas con aspectos socioeconómicos y legales (autonomía y burocracia), de carácter interno (meritocracia, intereses y grupos organizados) y externo (proactividad, innovación y alianzas con actores influyentes). La principal asunción de partida es que las configuraciones específicas de estos condicionantes inciden en la gobernanza y en el desempeño de las instituciones. El artículo contribuye a la elaboración de una teoría de alcance medio que ayude a estudiar empíricamente cuáles son los factores de carácter sociológico que explican los resultados de un sistema de producción de conocimiento en su conjunto. Ayuda a contrastar hipótesis habituales sobre la calidad institucional y ofrece recomendaciones metodológicas para observar y comparar conjuntos complejos de instituciones.
The role of Ca2+ signaling in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreatic ductal cells
Authors: Görög Marietta
Published: July 2023

A tartós intracelluláris Ca2+ túlterhelés az akut hasnyálmirigy gyulladás jól ismert jellemzője. A hasnyálmirigy duktális sejtjeiben a toxikus Ca2+ emelkedés károsítja az ion- és folyadékszekréciót, amely - fiziológiás körülmények között - fenntartja a lúgos intra-duktális pH-t és kimossa az acinus sejtek által szekretált fehérjében gazdag folyadékot. Bár a duktális sejtek károsodásának megelőzése csökkenti az akut hasnyálmirigy gyulladás súlyosságát, a duktális sejtekben még nem azonosítottak specifikus gyógyszercélpontot. Ismert, hogy az Orai1 Ca2+ csatorna hozzájárul az acinus sejtek tartós Ca2+ túlterheléséhez, a duktális sejtekben való expressziójára és működésére vonatkozó részletek jelenleg hiányoznak. Tanulmányomban először kimutattuk, hogy funkcionálisan aktív Orai1 csatornák találhatók a hasnyálmirigy duktális sejtek apikális plazmamembránjában. Másodszor, a CM-5480 által közvetített szelektív Orai1-gátlás csökkentette az epesav vagy etanol és palmitinsav által kiváltott Stim1-függő extracelluláris Ca2+ beáramlást. Továbbá, a tartós extracelluláris Ca2+ beáramlás megakadályozása megvédte a duktális sejtek szekréciós funkcióját in vitro. Az Orai1 gátlása megőrizte a duktális folyadék szekréciót in vivo az akut hasnyálmirigy gyulladás különböző formáiban. Végül, kísérleteinkben epesavval csökkentettük a HCO3- szekréciót mind a TRPM2 KO, mind a TRPM2 VT duktális sejtekben, és kimutattuk, hogy a TRPM2 genetikai deléciójának nem volt védő hatása, ami arra utal, hogy az epesavak a duktális sejtekre TRPM2 független mechanizmuson keresztül hatnak. Összefoglalva, eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy az Orai1 gátlása megelőzi az akut hasnyálmirigy gyulladással összefüggő duktális sejtfunkció károsodását, és magában rejti a betegség kimenetelének javításának lehetőségét.
УРОВЕНЬ СИНТЕЗА АКТИВНЫХ ФОРМ КИСЛОРОДА НЕЙТРОФИЛОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ГРЕЙВСА В ИСХОДЕ ДВУХНЕДЕЛЬНОЙ ОТМЕНЫ ТИАМАЗОЛА
Authors: Дудина М. А. , Фомина Д. В. , Догадин С. А. , Савченко А. А. , Гвоздев И. И.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить уровень синтеза активных форм килорода (АФК) нейтрофилов крови у пациентов с болезнью Грейвса в исходе двухнедельной отмены тиамазола перед радиойодтерапией (РЙТ).

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование включено 48 пациенток с болезнью Грейвса, средний возраст 47,54 ± 15,47 лет. Всем пациентам было назначено лечение радиоактивным йодом с предварительной

консервативной терапией тиамазолом по стандартному протоколу, с последующей отменой тиреостатика,

за две недели до радионуклидного лечения. Уровень синтеза АФК в нейтрофилах периферической крови

обследуемых оценивали методом хемилюминесценции. Измерение интенсивности свечения осуществляли в течение 90 мин на 36-канальном хемилюминесцентном анализаторе БЛМ-3607 (ООО «МедБиоТех»,

Красноярск). При использовании люцегинина оценивался первичный пул АФК, с помощью люминола определялся уровень синтеза вторичных АФК. Определяли следующие параметры: время выхода на максимум

(Тmax), характеризующее скорость развития реакции, максимальный уровень синтеза (Imax), отражающая

максимальный уровень синтеза АФК, площадь под кривой (S), характеризующая суммарный синтез АФК

за 90 мин исследования.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: в исходе двухнедельной отмены тиамазола у 16 (33,33%) пациентов сохранялся медикаментозный эутиреоз, у 17 (35,41%) зафиксирован изолированный Т3-тиреотоксикоз, у 15 (31,25%) пациентов развился манифестный гипертиреоз. Медиана антител к рТТГ - 14,24 МЕд/л (11,21– 21,32). Независимо

от тиреоидного статуса у пациентов с болезнью Грейвса в сравнении с контрольными величинами выявлено повышение суммарного синтеза (S), при снижении максимального уровня синтеза (Imax) первичных

и вторичных АФК нейтрофилов. Индекс активации не изменялся ни в одной из групп пациентов с болезнью

Грейвса, как в ходе люцигенин-зависимой спонтанной и зимозан-индуцированной хемилюминесценции,

так в реакциях с люминолом. У пациентов с болезнью Грейвса, независимо от тиреоидной функции установлены взаимосвязи в парах АТ к рТТГ и S (r = 0,32; p = 0,034), и свТ3 и Imax (r = 0,34; p = 0,032) люминолзависимой зимозан-индуцированной хемилюминесценции.

ВЫВОДЫ: повышение суммарного синтеза АФК у пациентов с болезнью Грейвса на фоне отмены тиамазола и независимо от тиреоидной функции позволяет отнести АФК к важным факторам прогрессирования

аутоиммунного процесса и развития рецидива, и раскрывает вектор иммунотропной терапии заболевания.

Выявленные взаимосвязи между АТ к рТТГ и суммарной продукцией вторичных АФК, а также свТ3 и максимальным уровнем синтеза вторичных АФК в стимулированных нейтрофилах доказывают согласованное

участие АТ к рТТГ и АФК в инициации аутоиммунного процесса независимо от тиреоидной функции.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ АУТОИММУННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ
В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕГКОГО ЙОДНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА
Authors: Трошина Е. А. , Платонова Н. М. , Исаева М. П. , Маколина Н. П.
Published: July 2023

Самыми частыми причинами развития патологии ЩЖ являются нарушение аутоиммунитета и недостаточная йодная обеспеченность. Однако, взаимовлияние аутоиммунного и йододефицитного факторов

на ткань ЩЖ остается предметом дискуссий и требует проведения исследований, направленных на оценку

распространенности и патогенетических механизмов развития аутоиммунной патологий ЩЖ в условиях

йодного дефицита для уточнения основ коморбидности.

ЦЕЛЬ: оценка распространенности аутоиммунного тиреоидита в регионах йодного дефицита легкой

степени тяжести.

Материалы и методы: исследование проводилось в 3 районах Тульской области (n=286) и 4 регионах

Чеченской Республики (n=318). Объем исследования – 604 участника старше 18 лет. Обследование включало: сбор анамнеза и анкетирование; физикальный осмотр врача-эндокринолога; УЗ-исследование ЩЖ

(УЗИ ЩЖ); определение в сыворотки крови уровней тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), свободных фракций

тироксина (св.Т4) и трийодтиронина (св.Т3), антител к тиреопероксидазе (АТ-ТПО); Обследование выполнено в рамках работ по гранту РНФ № 22-15-00135 «Научное обоснование, разработка и внедрение

новых технологий диагностики коморбидных йододефицитных и аутоиммунных заболеваний щитовидной

железы, в том числе с использованием возможностей искусственного интеллекта».

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: по результатам обследования 604 человек распространенность структурных изменений ЩЖ по данным УЗИ ЩЖ составила 79,9% (n=254) в Чеченской Республике и 52,8% (n=151) в Тульской

области. Из них УЗ-признаки АИТ выявлены у 25,2% (n=64) и 39% (n=59) соответственно. Гипотиреоз в исходе АИТ составил 13% (n=33) в структуре общей патологии ЩЖ Чеченской Республики и 13,2 % (n=20)

в Тульской области. Распространенность повышенного титра АТ к ТПО в сыворотке крови при наличии

нормальной функции ЩЖ составила 16,67% (n=53) в Чеченской Республике и 15,7% (n=45) в Тульской области. Сочетание аутоиммунной и узловой патологии ЩЖ встречается в 12,6% (n=32) случаев общей распространенности структурной патологии ЩЖ Чеченской Республики и 11,3% (n=17) случаев - в Тульской

области.

ВЫВОДЫ: по данным проведенного обследования в регионах с подтвержденным йододефицитом

легкой степени тяжести основная часть структурных изменений ЩЖ приходится на диффузные и узловые

зобные формы. Распространенность аутоиммунных изменений ЩЖ и носительства АТ-ТПО при сохранной её функции составляет 13-39%. Необходимо проведение дальнейших исследований, направленных

на мониторинг распространенности и структуры тиреоидной патологии с выделением доли коморбидной

патологии ЩЖ, в условиях модификации йодной обеспеченности населения региона с целью изучения

аспектов взаимовлияния факторов развития заболеваний ЩЖ.
ИНДЕКС SPISE В СУРРОГАТНОЙ ОЦЕНКЕ ИНСУЛИНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ
И ПОДРОСТКОВ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ
Authors: Самойлова Ю. Г. , Коваренко М. А. , Олейник О. А. , Кудлай Д. А. , Матвеева М. В. , Подчиненова Д. В. , Новикова И. И. , Романенко С. П.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: оценить суррогатный индекс инсулинорезистентности SPISE и его взаимосвязь с индексами,

основанными на отношении базальных уровней инсулина и глюкозы (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Caro) у детей и подростков с ожирением.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: у 127 детей и подростков с ожирением (75 мальчиков и 52 девочки) в возрасте 6-17 лет оценены антропометрические и метаболические параметры (липидный спектр, глюкоза плазмы натощак - на биохимическом многоканальном анализаторе «Express – 550» («Ciba-Corning»,

Великобритания), инсулин - на анализаторе «Униплан», Россия с использованием набора «CEA448Hu ELISA

Kit for Insulin», США). Индекс SPISE = 600 × ХС-ЛПВП0.185/ (ТГ0.2 × ИМТ1.338), где ХС-ЛПВП – липопротеиды высокой плотности (мг/дл), ТГ – триглицериды (мг/дл), ИМТ – индекс массы тела (кг/м2

).

Данные представлены в виде медианы (Ме) и межквартильного диапазона [25;75]. Для парного сравнения независимых выборок использован U-критерий Манна–Уитни, для оценки взаимосвязи между

количественными признаками - ранговый коэффициент корреляции Спирмена (Statistica 13.3).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: нарушенная толерантность к глюкозе (НТГ) выявлена у 5,5% обследованных. У детей с НТГ

индекс SPISE был ниже, чем у детей с нормальной толерантностью к глюкозе (3,69 [3,49; 4,37] против 4,8

[3,99; 5,55], p=0,021), статистически значимых отличий между этими подгруппами по остальным индексам

не обнаружено.

В общей группе индекс SPISE был ниже у девочек, чем у мальчиков (4,94 [3,63; 5,73] против 4,07

[3,59; 5,16], р=0,045). По другим индексам гендерных различий не отмечено. При двумерном анализе в общей группе, индекс SPISE продемонстрировал связь со всеми исследуемыми инсулиновыми индексами,

хотя и слабую: HOMA-IR (R= -0,38), QUICKI (R= +0,26), Caro (R= +0,36). В подгруппе допубертатных пациентов

(стадия I по Таннеру) выявлена отрицательная корреляция средней силы между SPISE и HOMA-IR (R= -0,5),

положительная - между SPISE и Caro (R= +0,56).

ВЫВОДЫ: результаты проведенного анализа отражают наличие у SPISE корреляций с индексами инсулинорезистентности, рассчитанными на основе глюкозы и инсулина. Благодаря простоте оценки, индекс

SPISE может использоваться в качестве альтернативного инструмента скрининга инсулинорезистентности

у детей и подростков с ожирением.
СПЕРМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБСЛЕДОВАНИЕ 24 МУЖЧИН-НОСИТЕЛЕЙ РОБЕРТСОНОВСКИХ
ТРАНСЛОКАЦИЙ (13;14)
Authors: Андреева М. В. , Курило Л. Ф. , Сорокина Т. М. , Седова А. О. , Штаут М. И. , Черных В. Б.
Published: July 2023

ЦЕЛЬ: оценить состояние сперматогенеза у мужчин-носителей робертсоновских транслокаций.

МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: обследовали 24 мужчины-носителя робертсоновских транслокаций

rob(13;14) с бесплодием в браке (n=23) или привычным невынашиванием беременности (ПНБ) у супруги

(n=1). Всем пациентам выполняли стандартное спермиологическое исследование согласно рекомендациям

Руководства ВОЗ (1999, 2010), из них 10 пациентам выполнены повторные исследования. Для 5 пациентов

выполнен количественный кариологический анализ незрелых половых клеток из осадка эякулята (ККА

НПК) (патент Л.Ф. Курило №2328736).

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: сперматологические нарушения выявлены у всех 23 обследованных пациентов с бесплодием. Общее количество сперматозоидов, а также доля (%) морфологически нормальных и прогрессивно подвижных форм снижены у большинства обследованных. У 18 (75%) пациентов диагностирована

олигоастенотератозооспермия, у 3 (12,5%) пациентов – астенотератозооспермия, у 2 (8,3%) – азооспермия;

нормозооспермия выявлена у 1 (4,2%) пациента с ПНБ у супруги. Объем эякулята находился в пределах

нормы у 22 (91,7%) из 24 пациентов, у двух пациентов отмечена олигоспермия (сниженный объем эякулята).

Выявлено снижение количества сперматозоидов с возрастом. Так, у двух пациентов при первом обследовании (в возрасте 32 и 45 лет) диагностировали олигоастенотератозооспермию, а при повторном

обследовании (в возрасте 53 и 56 лет) – азооспермию/криптозооспермию.

По результатам ККА НПК, у 4 из 5 обследованных пациентов с rob(13;14) обнаружен повышенный индекс

НПК (7,2 - 17,3% при норме 2-4%); во всех образцах выявлено повышенное количество неидентифицированных (дегенерирующих) незрелых половых клеток. У пациентов с ОАТ выявлены признаки нарушения

сперматогенеза (частичный блок на допахитенных стадиях и в пахитене профазы I меойза).

ВЫВОДЫ: у мужчин с нарушением репродукции, имеющих робертсоновские транслокации rob(13;14),

сперматологические диагнозы варьируют от азооспермии до нормозооспермии. У большинства обследованных с помощью ККА НПК мужчин-носителей rob(13;14) нарушение фертильности связано с частичным

мейотическим блоком, приводящим к снижению количества сперматозоидов (олигозооспермии и азооспермии).
Dataísmo (de la salud), tecnología y privacidad
Authors: PÉREZ CAMPILLO Lorena
Published: July 2023

El dataísmo puede privar al individuo de su privacidad. Las personas reflexionan sobre el coste de oportunidad que supone ceder sus datos y otorgan mayor importancia a la efectividad en la lucha contra enfermedades y pandemias frente a su uso ilícito, ilegal o poco ético. El big data es un bien común de la humanidad, y compartir datos puede salvar vidas, pero aprovechémoslo aplicando correctamente la ética de los datos, donde los gobiernos y organizaciones estén implicados y se respete el derecho fundamental de protección de datos.