bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Einfluss von Mixed-Mode-Beanspruchung auf das Ermüdungsrisswachstum in Bauteilen und Strukturen
Authors: Eberlein Alexander
Published: December 2020

Während eines Produktlebens können vielfältige Belastungen am Bauteil auftreten, welche u.U. die lokale Beanspruchungssituation an vorhandenen Defekten entscheidend verändern und ­dadurch maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Bauteillebensdauer ausüben können. Diese Dissertation befasst sich daher mit dem Thema des Ermüdungsrisswachstums hauptsächlich bei überlagerten Beanspruchungen, sogenannten Mixed-Mode-Beanspruchungen. Dabei konzentrieren sich die experimentellen Untersuchungen u.a. auf die bruchmechanische Kennwertermittlung bei 3D-Mixed-Mode sowie auf Auswirkungen bezüglich des Risswachstums und der Rissorientierung infolge Belastungsrichtungs- und Beanspruchungsniveauänderungen. Weitere Untersuchungs­gegenstände dieser Arbeit sind die Facettenbildung bei Mode I-Mode III-Beanspruchungsüberlagerungen sowie nicht-proportionale Mixed-Mode-Beanspruchungen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Belastungsrichtungs- und Beanspruchungsniveauänderungen sowie nicht-proportionale Mixed...
Partitioned solution strategies for electro-thermo-mechanical problems applied to the field-assisted sintering technology
Authors: Erbts Patrick
Published: December 2020

Dedicated to engineers and scientists in the field of coupled problems and computational ­mechanics, this thesis addresses partitioned solution strategies for electro-thermo-mechanically coupled problems applied to the field-assisted sintering technology (FAST). By simultaneously applying uniaxial pressure and an electric current to generate high heating rates, the FAST process offers short production cycles for sintering materials. To approach the process conditions at high temperatures in a realistic and holistic way radiative heat transfer is numerically treated as an additional field. Finally, a fully coupled four-field problem is composed where for the electric, thermal and mechanical fields the finite element method is applied while solving the radiation field using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solvers. The numerical results are ­compared to experiments. Moreover, an in-depth study of coupling algorithms is carried out to improve the convergence of the partitioned solution...
Inkjet-Druckprozess für die Fertigung von Strukturen zur photoaktivierten Wasserspaltung
Authors: Lehmann Danny
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit wendet sich an Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler im Bereich der Automatisierungstechnik und Fertigungstechnik. Sie befasst sich mit Experimenten und Simulationen im Bereich funktioneller Inkjet-Druck. Im Fokus standen in der Vergangenheit dabei der Tintenstrahldruck elektrisch funktioneller Strukturen. Die Arbeit schließt sich hier an. Es ist das Ziel, photokatalytische Elektroden für die Wasserspaltung mittels Sonnenlicht im Tintenstrahldruck zu fertigen. Besondere Herausforderungen liegen im Druck definiert dünner Schichten sowie in deren Mikrostrukturierung. Durch die gezielte Modifikation des Prezesses gelingt es, Elektroden für photoelektrochemische Zellen herzustellen, deren Leistung vergleichbar ist mit der Leistung von Elektroden, die auf konventionellem Wege gefertigt werden.

...
Medical Image Segmentation using Level Sets and Dictionary Learning
Authors: Al-Shaikhli Saif Dawood Salman
Published: December 2020

This dissertation addresses the segmentation and classification problem of normal and abnormal structures in the human body. Due to the boundary ambiguity between regions in medical ­images, organ segmentation is a challenging task, and it requires prior knowledge for accurate segmentation. The segmentation objectives in this dissertation are to develop fully automatic methods for anatomical organ segmentation using prior knowledge. Prior knowledge is incorporated in terms of local and global image features. Two novel strategies are proposed. The first one is based on global image features. The second strategy is combining the local and global image features using both the level set and the dictionary learning methods.

...
Netzanbindung von Hochsee-Windparks durch kombinierte HGÜ mit selbst- und netzgeführten Stromrichtern im Parallelbetrieb
Authors: Fein Florian
Published: December 2020

HGÜ-Konverterstationen werden derzeit entweder in Thyristor- oder in IGBT-Technik ausgeführt, mit den jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteilen. Mit dem Ziel die Effizienz der netzgeführten HGÜ mit der guten Regelbarkeit der selbstgeführten HGÜ zu vereinen, untersucht diese Arbeit erstmals die „kombinierte HGÜ“, bei der sich an beiden Enden der HGÜ-Leitung jeweils ein selbst- und ein netzgeführter Konverter in paralleler Anordnung befinden. Der Kern der Arbeit ist die Modellbildung der kombinierten HGÜ in der besonderen Anwendung zur Netzanbindung eines Hochsee- Windparks. Das entwickelte Simulationsmodell enthält sowohl das Taktverhalten der Leistungshalbleiter  sowie die Echtzeit-Regelungen aller beteiligten Stromrichter. Durch Simulationen und durch Experimente an einem Labor-Prüfstand werden.

Kurzfassung

Sowohl die netzgeführte Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung (HGÜ) als auch die selbstgeführte HGÜ waren bereits Gegenstand einer Vielzahl von wissenschaftlichen Facharti...
Toleranzanalyse und Toleranzsynthese abweichungsbehafteter Mechanismen
Authors: Walter Michael Simon Josef
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit wendet sich an Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler, die sich mit der optimalen Vergabe von Fertigungstoleranzen beschäftigen. In der Arbeit wird ein durchgängiger Prozess des Toleranzmanagements vorgestellt, der sowohl für statische als auch bewegte Systeme (sog. Mechanismen) anzuwenden ist. Mit der Toleranzanalyse können die Auswirkungen zufälliger und systematischer Abweichungen auf das Bewegungsverhalten eines Mechanismus statistisch beurteilt werden. Die Visualisierung mit dem Walter-Hiller-Diagramm zeigt ungenutzte Potentiale zur Aufweitung von Toleranzen und damit zur gezielten Kosteneinsparung auf. Schlussendlich lassen sich die kostenoptimalen Bauteiltoleranzen des Mechanismus anhand einer statistischen Toleranz-Kosten-Optimierung berechnen. Am Beispiel eines abweichungsbehafteten Ventiltriebs wird die praktische Anwendung aufgezeigt.

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Ein simulationsbasierter Ansatz für die beanspruchungsgerechte Auslegung endlosfaserverstärkter Faserverbundstrukturen
Authors: Klein David
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit richtet sich an Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler im Bereich der Faserverbund- und Konstruktionstechnik. Sie greift die Problematik auf, dass die Auslegung von endlosfaserverstärkten Faserverbundbauteilen Konstrukteure vor eine große Herausforderung stellt. Beispielsweise sind die Materialeigenschaften stark von der Faserrichtung abhängig und es gilt zahlreiche unterschiedliche Auslegungsparameter zu bestimmen. Deshalb wird ein neuer vierstufiger Auslegungsprozess vorgestellt, der den Konstrukteur strukturiert von einem CAD-Modell zu einem ersten Laminataufbau führt. Dazu werden unterschiedliche Algorithmen entwickelt, implementiert und im Rahmen eines zusammenhängenden Vorgehensmodells angewendet. Am Ende der Arbeit wird anhand einiger Beispielbauteile gezeigt, dass sich mit den so entwickelten Laminataufbauten sehr gute mechanische Bauteileigenschaften ergeben.

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Berücksichtigung biomechanischer Zusammenhänge in der nutzergruppenspezifischen virtuellen Produktentwicklung
Authors: Miehling Jörg
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung

Die nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung von Produkten gewinnt immer mehr an Bedeutung. Kundenzufriedenheit und Kaufentscheidungen hängen immer mehr von Aspekten wie der Nutzbarkeit, dem Komfort, dem Nutzungserlebnis, aber auch von der Ästhetik oder dem Markenwert eines Produkts ab. Neben physiologischen Aspekten bedarf es in der Produktentwicklung auch immer mehr der Berücksichtigung

psychologisch-emotionaler Aspekte. Ganz im Gegensatz zum Bereich der klassischen Produktentwicklung, findet die nutzerzentrierte Produktentwicklung bisher vorwiegend mittels realer Nutzerstudien statt.

Gelungene nutzerzentrierte Entwicklungsprozesse zeichnen sich allerdings durch die frühe Fokussierung auf den Nutzer und die Nutzungsszenarien, den Einsatz empirischer Messungen sowie hochiterative Vorgehensweisen aus. Dies macht die Entwicklungsprozesse sehr langsam und aufwendig, weshalb diese den Bedürfnissen des

heutigen hochkompetitiven Marktumfelds nur sehr schwer gerecht werden. Darunter...
Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise von Mikrotexturen in elastohydrodynamischen Gleit-/Wälzkontakten
Authors: Weschta Martin
Published: December 2020

Motivation und Problemstellung

Die Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz technischer Produkte besitzt sowohl im Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung und damit der Nutzer bzw. Käufer als auch aufgrund regulatorischer Anforderungen durch Behörden eine immer größere Bedeutung. Knapper werdende Rohstoffe sowie eine internationale Klimaschutzpolitik erzwingen die Reduzierung von klimarelevanten Gasen und somit vor allem der CO2-Emissionen. Was dies konkret bedeutet, soll am Beispiel des Automobils aufgezeigt werden: etwa 20 % des CO2- Ausstoßes sind in Deutschland im Bereich Verkehr zu verorten wovon wiederum 84 % auf den Straßenverkehr zurückgehen [1]. Über Deutschland hinaus spielt der Straßenverkehr aber auch weltweit eine wichtige Rolle bei den Emissionen. Allein die Zahl der PKW steigt tendenziell von aktuell 0,9 Milliarden [2] durch den Aufstieg der Schwellenländer bis 2035 auf 1,7 Milliarden und bis 2050 auf 2-3 Milliarden PKW an [3, 4]. Für die dabei in Zukunft anzutreffenden Antriebs...
Interdisziplinäre Wiederverwendung im Engineering automatisierter Anlagen – Anforderungen, Konzept und Umsetzungen für die Prozessindustrie
Authors: Schröck Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der interdisziplinären Wiederverwendung im Engineering automatisierter Anlagen. Grundlage stellt eine ausführliche Anforderungserhebung anhand des Standes der Wissenschaft dar. Hierzu werden auch bestehende Wiederverwendungskonzepte aus dem Kontext der Automatisierungstechnik analysiert. Im Verlauf der Arbeit werden bewährte Herangehensweisen im Engineering mit Ansätzen anderer Wissenschaftsdomänen (bspw. Produktentwicklung und Software-Engineering) und Gewerke (bspw. Verfahrenstechnik) kombiniert. Das erarbeitete Konzept erlaubt die explizite Berücksichtigung von Variabilität, ermöglicht die gewerkeübergreifende Zusammenarbeit und differenziert zwischen projektunabhängigen und projektabhängigen Tätigkeiten. Mittels verschiedener Umsetzungsszenarien wird ein Transfer in die industrielle Praxis aufgezeigt und anhand industrieller Fallbeispiele evaluiert.

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Ganzheitliche simulationsbasierte Bewertung der Akustik von automobilen Antrieben
Authors: Duvigneau Fabian
Published: December 2020

Ziel dieser Dissertation ist die Entwicklung eines Vorhersagemodells der empfundenen Geräuschqualität von Motorgeräuschen auf Basis auralisierter Simulationsergebnisse. Dazu wird eine ganzheitliche Methodik präsentiert, die sowohl für elektrische als auch verbrennungsmotorische Antriebe anwendbar ist. Die Besonderheit des hier verfolgten Ansatzes ist, dass für die Hörversuche und die Signalanalyse keine experimentell ermittelten Geräusche verwendet werden müssen, sondern Simulationsergebnisse zum Einsatz kommen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist schon in einer sehr frühen Phase des Entwicklungsprozesses möglich. Sie hat den immensen

Vorteil, dass keinerlei Hardware in Form von Prototypen vorhanden sein muss, um Modifikationen am Motor hinsichtlich akustischer Auswirkungen auf den Menschen bewerten zu können. Somit eignet sich das vorgestellte Konzept für eine rein virtuelle akustische Optimierung hinsichtlich der auditiven Wahrnehmung des Menschen. In dieser Arbeit wird die vorgest...
Fast Calculation of Thermophysical Properties in Extensive Process Simulations with the Spline-Based Table Look-Up Method (SBTL)
Authors: Kunick Matthias
Published: December 2020

The presented Spline-Based Table Look-Up Method (SBTL) is intended to be used for fast and accurate property calculations in computationally extensive process simulations, such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), heat-cycle calculations, simulations of non-stationary processes, and real-time process optimizations, where conventional multiparameter equations of state may be unsuitable because of their computing time consumption. Through the use of the SBTL method, the results of existing property formulations are accurately reproduced at high computational speed. SBTL property functions, their first derivatives, and inverse functions are continuous and numerically consistent with each other. The developed algorithms are successfully applied in commercial and non-commercial software products for CFD, heat-cycle calculations, and simulations of non-stationary processes. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam has adopted the “Guideline on the Fast Calculat...
Industrie 4.0 – Vision und Realität
Authors: Brecher Christian , Krüger Jörg , Uhlmann Eckart , Verl Alexander , Lechler Armin
Published: December 2020

Die produktionstechnischen Institute aus Aachen (WZL/IPT), Berlin (IWF/IPK) und Stuttgart (ISW) tragen mit Ihren Forschungsarbeiten dazu bei, Industrie 4.0 auf den betrieblichen Hallenboden zu bringen und praktikable Lösungen insbesondere auch für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen zu entwickeln. Der vorliegende Band dokumentiert die Aktivitäten im Zusammenhang mit dem Thema Industrie 4.0 und gibt einen Überblick zu Konzepten und Visionen sowie bereits realisierten Implementierungen mit Partnern aus Wissenschaft und Industrie. Diese Ausgabe stellt Forschungsarbeiten auf den Gebieten Digitaler Zwilling, Cloudbasierte Steuerung und Programmierung, Drahtloskommunikation im industriellen Umfeld, Qualitätsüberwachung auf Basis steuerungsinterner Daten, Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation, Virtualisierung von Steuerungen, und steuerungstechnisches Engineering dar und zeigt das Spannungsfeld zwischen zukünftigen Lösungsansätzen und bereits heute praktikablen Methoden und Technologien auf.

I...
Entwicklung einer Methodik zur Bewertung singulär impulshafter Fahrzeuggeräusche
Authors: Hochstetter Marius
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Modellierung der kundenspezifischen Empfindungen und der kognitiven Erwartungen an die akustische Qualität von impulshaften Fahrzeuggeräuschen. Hierbei wird der mehrdimensionale Wahrnehmungsraum des Menschen analysiert, das subjektive Qualitätsempfinden bei verschiedenen Signaltypen anhand von Hörversuchen klassifiziert und mittels objektiver Parameter prognostiziert. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass eine lineare Kombination der psychoakustischen Perzentillautheit und der Dauer der Schärfe, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmals betrachtet wurde, eine geeignete Basis für die qualitative Bewertung von impulshaften Fahrzeuggeräuschen darstellt. Übergreifend wurde somit eine ganzheitliche Methodik für eine objektive Beschreibung und Prognose der Geräuschqualität von Fahrzeugen entwickelt.

...
Object-Level Fusion for Surround Environment Perception in Automated Driving Applications
Authors: Aeberhard Michael
Published: December 2020

Driver assistance systems have increasingly relied on more sensors for new functions. As advanced driver assistance system continue to improve towards automated driving, new methods are required for processing the data in an efficient and economical manner from the sensors for such complex systems. In this thesis, an environment model approach for the detection of dynamic objects is presented in order to realize an effective method for sensor data fusion. A scalable high-level fusion architecture is developed for fusing object data from several sensors in a single system. The developed high-level sensor data fusion architecture and its algorithms are evaluated using a prototype vehicle equipped with 12 sensors for surround environment perception. The work presented in this thesis has been extensively used in several research projects as the dynamic object detection platform for automated driving applications on highways in real traffic.

Contents

Abbreviations VIII

List of Symbols X

Abs...
Object Detection using Feature Mining in a Distributed Machine Learning Framework
Authors: Ehlers Arne
Published: December 2020

This dissertation addresses the problem of visual object detection based on machine-learned classifiers. A distributed machine learning framework is developed to learn detectors for several object classes creating cascaded ensemble classifiers by the Adaptive Boosting algorithm. Methods are proposed that enhance several components of an object detection framework: At first, the thesis deals with augmenting the training data in order to improve the performance of object detectors learned from sparse training sets. Secondly, feature mining strategies are introduced to create feature sets that are customized to the object class to be detected. Furthermore, a novel class of fractal features is proposed that allows to represent a wide variety of shapes. Thirdly, a method is introduced that models and combines internal confidences and uncertainties of the cascaded detector using Dempster’s theory of evidence in order to increase the quality of the post-processing.

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Validade e Confiabilidade da Versão Portuguesa da Brief Motor Scale em Pessoas com Esquizofrenia: Um Estudo Preliminar
Authors: Marques Guimarães Susana Cristina , Santos Ana Sofia Pedrosa Gomes dos , Lebre Paula
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Os sinais neurológicos discretos (NNS) indicam uma disfunção cerebral não específica e têm sido documentados no curso clínico da esquizofrenia, sendo considerados como sintomas importantes para a monitorização da doença. A Brief Motor Scale (BMS) tem sido amplamente utilizada para avaliar os sinais neurológicos discretos em pessoas com esquizofrenia, mas a versão portuguesa continua indisponível. O objetivo deste estudo é a investigação da validade e confiabilidade da versão portuguesa Brief of Motor Scale (BMS_pt).

Material e Métodos: As orientações internacionais para o processo de adaptação transcultural do instrumento foram consideradas. Participaram no estudo 43 adultos com esquizofrenia, entre os 23 e 63 anos (39,74±11,16), 38 homens e 5 mulheres.

Resultados: Os índices de validade de conteúdo (>0,75) da BMS_pt demonstraram um acordo moderado/forte entre os especialistas. A consistência interna foi confirmada, com alfa de Cronbach variando de 0,82 a 0,87. As correlações de Pearson variaram entre 0,93 e 0,99 (p<0,01). A análise fatorial exploratória resultou num modelo de dois fatores que explicou 58,91% da variância total.

Conclusão: Verificou‑se que todos os itens da BMS_pt são relevantes. A BMS_pt parece ser um instrumento válido e fiável para avaliar os sinais neurológicos motores discretos em pessoas com esquizofrenia, e com potencial para ser utilizado em serviços de reabilitação.
(اسلام اور کلی معا شیات کےمنتخب نظریات کا مطالعہ ( صرف ،بچت،سرمایہ کاری اور حکومتی نگرانی)
Authors: Dr. Saba Noor
Published: December 2020

Macroeconomics relates to economics elements at national level. Islam has conveyed its guidance in this sphere too. It encourages modest life style and thereby reduces expenditure, hence, increased savings. These savings can be utilized for investments to boost economy. Banking play an important role in creating pool of deposits used to finance businesses. Governmental regulatory intervenetions are at times involves controlling prices, preventing hoarding and monitoring adulteration. These issues have been discussed in this article with reference to relevant Islamic Teachings.
حضور اکرمﷺ بطور پیمبرِ امن و سلامتی
Authors: Prof. Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Saadullah
Published: December 2020

Peace can be defined as a state of mind of individuals and groups where everyone lives without apprehension, discomfort or fear of the other. Justice gives birth to peace; when there is justice, there is a sense of security among people. A peacemaker is one who mitigates conflicts and nurtures good will and brings about a sustainable balance to the society. Indeed, Prophet Muhammad's life was an example of living the life of a peace maker. 

The absolute character of Holy Prophetﷺ is impeccable in all characteristics and bestows an outright guidance in every step of life. It is an exemplary and pure fountain of love and mercy. His mercy is restricted not only to human beings but is also for animals and other creatures too. In this Paper will try to Discus about the character of Muhammadﷺ as Peace and Security maker, nothing is new, you have heard them time and again, but I am asking you to look at the deeper dimension embedded into these actions in creating peace for yourselves and the people who surround you. It is essentially expanding and sharing with you what Rahmatul Aalameen, a mercy to a mankind means.
أهمية النصيحة في الكتاب والسنة
Authors: Dr. Ikram ul Haq Azhari
Published: December 2020

The advice is a direct and sincere word, and has a high place in the reform of individuals and nations. It is one of the greatest means of communication and influence through centuries and generations. This word carries the meaning of sincerity, honesty, serenity, openness and purity. The advice is to help the right, obey the command of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, and therefore we find the heavenly vocations are all concerned with the advice of various aspects of the reform of the prophesies to him, And to reform the corrupt nations. Godly advice has the potential to grow your faith and strengthen your relationship with God, but bad advice can ruin things in one move. Some advice is good, noble even. Some is neutral, more of a preferential decision. But some advice is flat out wrong for someone seeking to live a holy life.
انسانی دودھ کےبینک تعارفی وفقہی جائزہ
Authors: Abul-Hassan Shad Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Human Milk banks have been established in many parts of the world. The main purpose of these banks is to save the babies’ lives and to ensure that the newborn babies’ rights to breast milk are fulfilled. Especially for the infants whose Mothers could not feed them due to illness, lack of milk or lack of time.

The problem is that milk bank practices in the Western countries contradict with the Islamic law whereby it may result in the possibility of overlapping of the progeny (nasab) and selling the organ of human, etc. The Muslim countries have been not participating in these milk sharing activities because of these religious issues. However, due to a critical need of breast milk in hospitals, this article addresses these issues and the different opinions of Islamic scholars and suggests ways to formulate a proper model of milk bank that is compatible with the Islamic law and to avoid further problems of nasab. This study has two main objectives: firstly, to introduce Milk Bank, causes of its’ existence, method of collection and storage the milk, the benefits of breastfeeding and the unpleasant effects of Milk Banks. Secondly, to review some authoritative legal scholars’ opinions on the issue of milk bank and to recommend a proposal on how to develop a milk bank in accordance with the Islamic law. The study is expected to be able to recognize the issues of Milk Bank, to make the people become aware of its side effects and religious problem.
ریاست قلات میں نظام قضاء کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Rizwan Ullah
Published: December 2020

In Islam the system of Judiciary halds an immense importance the judiciary after faith is counted as an important obligation amongst all other obligations and is eminent and virtous amongst all outs of worships. The virue of judiciary is mentioned at hundreds of places in the Quran and in the Ahadiths. The Progression of the system of judiciary has been hard from the begning of the prophet hood, during the Rashidun ealiphale and is promulgated till tody. Before the existence of Pakistan there were many states amongst which one was the state of Kalat. Where the Baloch Government was setup in 1530 Meer Ahmed Yar Khan was elected as the Khan of Kalat. Who at the very Beginning laid the foundation of the system of judiciary? The details about this would be discussed in the article ahead.The Government of Balochs was set up in Kalat the foundation of system of judiciary here was first of all laid by Mir Ahmed Yar Khan. First of all juges were appointed in every district.
مولانا شاہ حکیم محمد اختر ؒ حیات و خدمات
Authors: Khaliq Dad
Published: December 2020

Molana Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter was born in 1923 in Partabgarh UP India. He received Medical Education from Unani Medical College Ellah Abad and Islamic Education under a great saint Shah Abdul Ghani Phoolpuri in Madrasa Bait ul Aloom. He was a born Sofi,an eminent Islamic scholar, a great philanthropist, an established writer and a great reformer. He wrote more than 200 books. He also established an Islamic University, Asharaf ul Madaris. Thousands of scholars are his pupils,followers and disciples. He imparted them both Aloom-e-Shareyat and Tareeqat. In 2001 he founded an Islamic NGO naming “Al-Akhtar trust International” for helping the suffering humanity. During these days society was ridden with un-Islamic trends and practices Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter emerged to rooted out these evils from the society. It will not be wrong to say that Shah Hakeem Mohammad Akhter like his spiritu-al mentor (Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi) was the real inherent of Ulama-e-deoband. The aim of this article is to present over view of biography and invalua-ble services which he rendered for tasawwuf and noble cause of humanity.
Role of Islamic system of education in moral behavior and spiritual identity of Muslims.
Authors: Dr. Aasia Rashid  , Dr. Farhat Nisar
Published: December 2020

Humans have always had the curiosity to know themselves, to know the world around them, and to know their place in the world. Morality, spirituality and religion are closely intertwined, ‘certain moral ideas became united with certain religious and spiritual ideas to such an extent as to become indistinct from them’. The role of religion in educational institutions is one of the most sensitive and volatile topics on the political and legal landscape now a days especially in country like Pakistan which has been created on religious ideology. The Islamic Way of Life is based on this unique approach to life and a peculiar concept of man's place in the Universe. Islam has provided mankind with the highest possible standard of morality. This moral code, which is both straightforward and practical, provides the individual with innumerable ways to embark upon and then continues the path of moral evolution. By making divine revelation the primary source of knowledge, moral standards are made permanent and stable.

The first part of the paper is about the relationship between education and its role as spiritual and moral tool of training. Second part deals with the concept of education in Islam and third part will present types of knowledge in Islam and their application as moral and spiritual tool of education. Last part will give moral and spiritual training methodology in Islamic education.

The relationships between ‘moral’, ‘spiritual’ and ‘religious’ seem to be akin to the relationships between the cluster ‘social’, ‘human’ and ‘political’. In each of these clusters, only beings of the kind appropriately described by the middle term can engage in activities which could be properly described by the first and third terms. Islam as religion of spirituality and morality gives a frame work to educate and train the students in modeling their life as more moral and spiritual with practical application in this life and success in the hereafter. The chief characteristic of the Islamic Concept of Life is that it does not admit a conflict, nay, not even a significant separation between life-spiritual and life-mundane. It does not confine itself merely in purifying the spiritual and the moral life of man in the limited sense of the word. Its domain extends to the entire gamut of life. It wants to would individual life as well as the social order in healthy patterns, so that the Kingdom of God may really be established on the earth and so that peace contentment and well-being may fill the world as water f ills the oceans.
کیا رسول اللہ ﷺ نے زکواۃ ادا کی؟
Authors: Siddiqi Prof Dr Muhammad Yaseen Mazhar
Published: December 2020

Of the five fundamentals of Islam, Zakat occupies the second position. This word is derived from Zakd, which means it (a plant) grew. The second derivative of this word carries the sense of purification, e. g. Qad aflaha man zakkaha (he is indeed successful who purified himself). The other word used for zakat both in the Qur'an and the Hadith is sadaqa which is derived from sidq (the truth). Both these words are highly meaningful. The spending of wealth for the sake of Allah purifies the heart of man of the love of material wealth. The man who spends it offers that as a humble gift before the Lord and thus affirms the truth that nothing is dearer to him in life than the love of Allah and that he is full prepared to sacrifice everything for His sake. Secondly, zakat is the most effective measure to improve the economic condition of the have-nots. It is not, however, a mere tax, but a form of worship whereby a man comes close to his Lord. The Muslims have, therefore, been enjoined to pay zakat with the same sense of earnestness and devotion in which the seeker of the Lord observes the prayer.
تطبیقات علم اصول الفقہ اور سیرت النبیﷺ
Authors: Nazir Muhammad , Hussain Dr. Shabbir
Published: December 2020

Human life is a combination of two things i.e. body and soul. In this modern era the major concern of a man is working hard for physical comfort and prosperity. Despite this, the social life has failed to seek such comfort and prosperity because its spiritual needs are not being fulfilled thoroughly. For that purpose Islam has provided guidance in the form of way of living of Holy Prophet (PBUH). An important aspect of seretah al-Tayyiba is to extract the solution of modern prob-lems in the light of principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Through his own life and by educating his companions. He (PBUH) taught people how to solve their contemporary matters if they don’t find the solution in Quran and Sunnah. In this way the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) is a practical training in addition to being the final authority for all humanity, through which both this world and the Here-after can be achieved. Especially, the modern issues like cloning, human organs transplantation etc. can be resolved through principals of Islamic jurisprudence. In this regard, the thorough research study of principals of Islamic jurisprudence is compulsory for the training and guidance of human beings. In Islamic studies the early scholars of Sunni school of thought have done a great deal of work but the modern scholars have made less progress. On the contrary, the ancient scholars of Shia school of thought worked very less on this subject while their modern scholars are working a lot on principles Islamic jurispru-dence. Therefore regarding modern issues we also can get benefit from their efforts.
تقریر رسول ﷺسے مستنبط احکام حج و عمرہ کا تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Chishti Prof. Dr. Ali Asghar
Published: December 2020

This article primarily aims to present an analytical study of Ahkam (Islamic directions or rules) of Hajj and Umrah derived from Taqreer- e- Rasool (Tacit or silent approval of Prophet) which is the second basic source of Islamic Jurisprud-ence. The study includes opinions of different schools of Islamic law. It high lights the importance of Hadith e Taqreeri which is an important kind of Hadith. Moreover, it discusses different methods for deriving of Islamic rules from Hadith and combination of Muktalif ul Hadith(Hadith having opposite meaning).
برصغیر میں اردوسیرت نگاری کا عقلی منہج ایک تحقیقی جائزہ
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Lodhi Prof. Dr. Muhammad Idrees
Published: December 2020

Sirah writing is such a marvelous and comprehensive subject upon which a number of writers have worked. In sub-continent (Indo-Pak) a large number of scholars served hard for the evaluation and presentation of Islam. As it is obvious that western powers have ruled this region for almost one hundred years, so their civilization and thoughts have left profound impact upon the natives.

Some intellectuals among Muslims were deeply impressed by western thoughts and they tried to co-relate the both school of thoughts. Such scholars strived to adjudge Sirah on western parameters of rationalism. They would deny the incidents which have no rationale. They started to argue in such a way that was contrary to the predecessor Sirah writers. The founding fathers of this traditions were Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Molvi Chiragh Ali. Regarding the polygamy, and miracles of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). They presented such logics which were basically influenced by the western philosophy. This tendency continued gradually until Professor Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Ghulam Ahmad Pervez and Jaffer Shah Phulwarvi. So in Sub-continent a new diction of Sirah writing emerged which based upon purely on self-made rationalism instead of following the traditional method of Sirah writing.
اسلامی ریاست کا اوّلین سیاسی منظر نامہ اور اس کے مبادی اُصول
Authors: Riaz Dr. Muhammad , Khan Dr. Haji Karim
Published: December 2020

Though the initial conception of an Islamic state begins with the life of the Prophet (PBUH) in Mecca, yet its formal structure surfaced in Medina. In Mecca, the Prophet’s (PBUH) wide-ranging communication endeavors showcase the society reflecting the basic concept of an Islamic state. The overarching principles, concepts, and views show that the Prophet (PBUH) wanted a society which could allow masses to live their lives as per the divine principles, teachings, and guidance. Likewise, the first communications of the Prophet (PBUH) in Mecca portray some basic and fundamental steps towards the establishment of an Islamic state. For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) mentioned that He was the messenger of God, He was the warner, and was sent by God to invite the masses towards a religion that claimed the predominant welfare of the humanity. Nevertheless, one may not consider the Meccan life of the Prophet (PBUH) providing the fundamental structure of a state because the contemporary conditions of Mecca at that time were not favorable for the Prophet (PBUH). For instance, the Prophet (PBUH) was being tortured and was forced to stop preaching of Islam. He (PBUH) was stranded in the She’eb-Abi-Talib for three years and was also forced to migrate three times. This means that even after the proclamations of the basic principles, concepts, and teachings, Islamic state could not establish its roots in the Meccan society and thus the fundamental picture of the state surfaced in the Medinan society. In this paper, the authors discuss the initial political scenarios of the Islamic state in terms of where and how it surfaced. While discussing the unique political scenarios of Mecca and Medina, the author’s claim that Medinan society was infect the initial foundation or birthplace of an Islamic state.
Conversation Analysis of Muhammad (PBUH) for exploring his Effective Use of Nonverbal Communication including Paralinguistic Features
Authors: Ali Dr. Syed Shujaat , Ishtiaq Muhammad , Khan Munir
Published: December 2020

This paper examined the proficiency of Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in nonverbal communication and particularly its sub-fields like Kinesics, Haptics, and Proxemics during conversation in the light of the Hadiths. The Holy Quran attests it and every Muslim believes it that Muhammad (pbuh) was sent by Allah to serve as a role-model in the sphere of refined and excellent manners. We look up to his conversation manners too and his model of conversation, for holding successful conversation. Communication experts and linguists have come up with new perspectives over the dynamics of conversation, according to which people normally assume that the transmission of meaning to the listener and the creation of impression on the mind of the listener is dependent mostly upon words. But in reality words, instead of working in isolation, work in unison with the nonverbal language. In fact, the share of nonverbal language in conveying meaning is more than the verbal language during an interaction. The Holy Prophet kept his volume and tone low and polite; his eye contact was never irritating; his facial expressions were inviting; his smiles and jolliness were befriending; his body contact was soothing, his manner of speaking made his words understandable and memorable; his use of hands was enlightening; his silence was for lenience, the roughness of his conversation opponent led to increase in his politeness, his address to different participants of the gathering was based on consideration and fairness.
محدثين كے ہاں قراء ثلاثہ كا مقام ومرتبہ اور علم حديث ميں ان كى خدمات
Authors: Abdul Hai  , Dr. Muhammad Ismaeel
Published: December 2020

Allah Himself has taken the responsibility to protect the Holy Quran and the Hadith of the Holy Prophet. He Himself has provided the sources of their protection. One of the means of the protection that was the creation of such a group of the Qura who not only served the Holy Quran but also provided worth mentioning services in Ahadith of the Holy Prophet. But their services are hidden from us. By Qura the researcher means those Qura whose recitation styles and narrations are studied and taught in the different quarters of the world who are known as Qura Saba & Ashra (سبعہ وعشرہ). They are ten imams each with two Ravi’s. They are thirty Qura in total. I have selected only last three Imam & their two narrators in this Article. These Qurra are known as Qurra Thlathah (قراء ثلاثہ).  The services of these imams have been highlighted in the light of the following eleven Ahadith books. Sihah:  Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sahih Ibn-e-Habban, Sahih Ibn-e-Khuzeema. Sunan: Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Nasai, Sunan Ibn Majah, and Sunan al-Kubra. Masaneed: Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Musnad Abu Ya`la al-Mawsili. How many people have reported them and what is the standard of the weakness and soundness of those narrators have also been discussed in this article. Besides these books of Ahadith, these Ahadith have been searched in other books of Ahadith also. The status of these Qura has been explained in the light of the commentary of Muhadithin. Whether Ahadith critics have declared them thiqa or weak or have declared them as average sadooq. The most important thing is that there is no one weak reporter in these imam qura. Two out of three imam qura are ranked as thiqa and one sadooq. And among the narrators of these qura one is thiqa, one sadooq, and nobody are weak reporters. There is silence about the remaining four reporters of these qura. The reason is that there is no hadith reported from them. Because of all this their religious and scholarly authenticity could be determined. The narrations of these thalathah (ثلاثہ) Qura are confined to reporting the Holy Quran but they have also reported about every part of fiqh and they have been utilized and refered to
غرر ،سلم اور استصناع کی حقیقت
Authors: Aijaz Ali Khosah
Published: December 2020

This paper is the study of three modes of business and transactions including Gharar, Salam and Istisna’, widely used in Islamic Banking and Islamic Financial Institutions. This study delving in Fiqh Literature brings to the fore the juristic status of all three modes of business and transaction supported by the arguments from Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh literature. The Objective of this paper is to remove misconceptions surround these modes of business and transactions and to clariy their legal position.
Grief and Shock, Discernment and Dificulties, Their Reasons and Motives in The Light of the Teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
Authors: Saifee Dr. Aziz ur Rehman , Dr. Muhammad Ishaq.  , Dr. Syed Bacha Agha
Published: December 2020

Islam has this faith that everything of the universe, small or big has come into existence with the will, power, method and knowledge of Allah. Fate is the attribution of Allah, which is the truth. It is the condition to have belief of this faith. Since, faith is the attribution of Allah and it’s impossible for anyone to know the extent of godly attributions, so the issue of fate is delicate and precise. One must only have the faith that whatever is happening in the world was already in the knowledge of Allah and god has already saved it on the safe tablet. The dilemma of fate has not been solved by anyone and it will never be solved. There must be a simple faith that whatever is happening in the world has already known by Allah as the Creator of everything is God and everything has come into existence with His creation. All the matters happening in the world are of two kinds. In some of them the will and authority is prevail. In these matters which are to be done which are not to be done orders of their execution or prohibition are given. If they are not performed because of will and authority, there will be accountability for them. Secondly, all those works which have the order of not to be performed, it is necessary not to perform them with one’s will and authority. If those works are not avoided, one must be accountable for them. There are some other works which do not involve our will and authority so, whatever happens is according to our fate. The works having our will and authority for performance will be rewarded and punished accordingly. This study explores the reasons of grief, shock, discernment and difficulties, their reasons and motives in the light of teaching of The Holy Prophet.
ميراث المرأة في الإسلام وشبهات المستشرقين حوله وتفنيدها
Authors: Dr. Amjad Hayat
Published: December 2020

There is no doubt that what Allah has specified for women in their share in inheritance according to the closeness to their deceased, that is the best and right treatment with women which has no parallel in any other system no matter inheritance is less or much in quantity. In Islam women get their share of inheritance as mentioned in the Holy Quran and Sunnah whether she is the mother, the wife, the daughter, the real sisters from mother, the sisters from father, and the daughters of the son and the grandmother. But as the enemies of Islam attacked on the rights of women in Islam and raised suspicions about in general, such as polygamy, women work, their testimony, and ransom, as well as they raised suspicions about the inheritance of women, and claimed that women are oppressed in Islam. Because the male gets double of female, as the French orientalist Gaston Vibet expressed this when he claimed that it is clearly unfair to take half of the men in inheritance He said. "The role of women in Islamic society is very small, and the small number of women has been recognized in all aspects of life. Even in the matter of inheritance, she gets only half the share of men." And if we look at the reason for the revelation of the verse: "And do not wish for what Allah has preferred to some of you, men have a share of what they have acquired, and women have a share of what they have acquired, and ask Allah of His bounty”. Where Umm e Salamah, said O Messenger of Allah men go for jihad and women do not and for us half of the inheritance.” We find that the suspicion of the orientalists in the inheritance of women has its roots since the beginning of revelation, at first sight may appear that Islam is unfair to the girl, making her half the portion of her brother from the legacy of the father, but this is contrary to reality. Actually Islam has assigned the man such tasks and responsibilities which has not assigned to women. I have also elaborated that the Orientalists' suspicions about the inheritance of women are not based on logic or reasoning.
Challenges to Urdu in the post 1857 period and the Role of Ulema in the promotion of Urdu
Authors: Shahnaz Shah  , Prof. Dr. Kaleemullah Barech
Published: December 2020

This article aims at analyzing the political and social aspects, causes and effects of promotion of Urdu in the post 1857 scenario when the decline of the Muslim rule from India and the dawn of British rule accelerated the pace of communal and lingual strife which ultimately politicized the cause of Urdu driving it to many controversies. These controversies along the politicization of the communal as well as the lingual hostilities and animosities soon triggered religious partition of the communities laying the foundations of the Pakistan movement in the later stages. This article will discuss the political, social and lingual issues pertaining to Urdu in the wake of the fiasco of the mutiny of 1857.
علامہ اسیدالحق قادری عثمانی کی علمی خدمات
Authors: Bhadro Mazhar Hussain , Nadeem Dr Muhammad Abid
Published: December 2020

Allama Usaid-ul-Haq Qadri Usmani (1975-2014) was a great religious scholar, Islamic thinker, researcher. He remained the director of Al-Azhar institute of Islamic studies Badayun. He also served as member of Arabic panel in national council for promotion of Urdu Language govt. of India, New Delhi. Furthermore he was the president of Al-Azhar human welfare Society Badayun. In addition to it he was the coordinator of al-Azhar foundation Maharashtra. Moreover he wrote many Islamic books in which 14 books were on academic and research works. 17 books were arranged and prefaced by him. 12 books were translated and reviewed by him. 22 books were completed under his supervision. His academic contribut-ions would always be remembered in the history of Indo-Pak.
قدیم وجدید تفسیری ادب میں آرکیالوجی سے استشہادات مناہج اور نوعیت
Authors: Hussain Dr Sana Ullah , Mueen Zainab
Published: December 2020

For comprehention of Quran, Archaeology is necessary and important. In Quranic literature, there are much abolished nations. There Histories have been finished. We need intensely to research on archaeological sites for revision modern of their Histories and Civilizations. In Arab countries, the Orientalists researched on the Archaeological sites of these Quranic nations. The ancient and modern Mufas-sireen exhorted from Arcaeology in their Tafseer under the events of the abolished Nations. In the modern era the archaeological research have been developed. Therefore, the modern mufassireen mentioned a lot of materials about the Archaeology by aspect reference. By which we can easily guess the importance of archaeology in Tafseeri Literature. In this Article have been discussed about Archaeological exhortation of the ancient and modern Tafseeri literature.
اسلامی معاشی پالیسی کے اصول اور سرگرمیاں
Authors: Saifee Dr Aziz ur Rehman , Ahmad Dr Muhammad Mash'hood
Published: December 2020

Islamic    economics (Arabic: الاقتصاد الإسلامي‎‎), is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence or fiqh al-mu'āmalāt (Arabic: فقه المعاملات‎‎), and also to an ideology of economics based on the teachings of Islam that takes a middle ground between the systems of  Marxism and capitalism. As a complete way of life, Islam has provided guidelines and rules for every sphere of life and society.  Naturally, a functioning economic system is vital for a healthy society, as the consumption of goods and services, and the facilitation of this by a common medium of exchange, play a major role in allowing people to realize their material and other goals in life. Islam has set some standards, based on justice and practicality, for such economic systems to be established.  These standards aim to prevent the enmity that often occurs between different socioeconomic sections. Islamic economic principles are based on Qur’an, Sunnah, Ijma (the consensus of religious scholars), and Qiyas (personal opinions based on analogy and religious doctrines). Islam provides specific instructions on the Property Rights, Income Distribution, Zakat, Ushr or tithe, Kharaj and Inheritance. This article explains about the Principles and Activities according to Islamic thoughts and Seerah.