bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis on the Evaluation Method of Enterprise Profit Quality
Authors: Li Yao , Li Yuju
Published: February 2021

As an important index to measure the operating result of enterprises, profit is the focus of accounting information users. In recent years, with the emergence of financial fraud cases in the whole world, the authenticity and reliability of accounting profits have been questioned. The users of accounting information shift their focus from the quantity to the quality of accounting profits. How to evaluate the quality of profits comprehensively and reasonably has become the focus of enterprise financial analysis. At present, the academic world has not established a unified evaluation system and method. My study summarizes and evaluates four most commonly used methods for evaluating enterprise profit quality. The study finds that all kinds of methods have their own characteristics. Each method has advantages as well as disadvantages. It is believed that the quality of profit is affected by many factors, and a variety of methods can be used for comprehensive evaluation to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation result.
Study on the Cultivation and Development Strategies of High-tech Enterprises in Shandong Province under the Background of the Transformation of Old Growth Drivers to New Ones
Authors: Wang Hang
Published: February 2021

At present, the new round of scientific & technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating. The integration and penetration of information technology, biotechnology, new materials and new energy technologies are driving mass technological breakthroughs in almost all fields, bringing more opportunities for innovation and space for development. Under the background of accelerating scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, the situation of scientific and technological work at home and abroad is still complex and grave. As an important means to guide enterprises’ scientific & technological innovation in China, high-tech enterprises are an important force to accelerate the transformation from old growth drivers to new ones and promote high-quality economic development. This paper analyzes the status quo and the problems in the cultivation of high-tech enterprises in Shandong Province, such as relatively small overall number of high-tech enterprises, insufficient reserve forces, lack of financing channels and low intensity of research & development investment. The difficulties existing in the process of promoting the cultivation of high-tech enterprises in the Shandong Province are deeply explored in the form of enterprise research and expert interview, the shortage of high-quality intellectual property reserves and financing difficulties faced by enterprises in each growth stage are analyzed, and practical policy suggestions are put forward.
Analysis on the Production and Marketing Strategies of Oligopoly Companies Based on Cournot Model and Stackelberg Model
Authors: Zhang Xueyi
Published: February 2021

By comparing Cournot model and Stackelberg model under complete information market and Cournot model under incomplete information market, this paper analyzes the impact that manufacturer choose simultaneous or sequential games when determining the amount of output as well as the production and marketing strategy to maximize the profit of the manufacturers in the oligopoly market. A specific analysis is also conducted according to Gree air-conditioning manufacturer’s data.
Evaluation and Literature Review on the Growth of listed Companies on Second Board in China
Authors: Bo Zhang , Siqi Song
Published: February 2021

Listed company on second board refers to the general name of the company which is supervised and managed by the gem market all over the world after being examined and approved by the relevant departments. It aims to help develop small and medium-sized companies, especially high-tech enterprises with fast development and sound economic operation, so that enterprises can avoid financial risks, provide a broader development platform for China’s high-tech enterprises, and enrich the diversity of the capital market. To sum up, it is particularly important to study the growth of listed companies on second board. Based on the summary of relevant domestic and foreign studies, this paper made an in-depth discussion on the influencing factors and evaluation methods of the growth of listed companies on second board, comprehensively analyzed the growth of small and medium-sized companies, and summarized relevant theories and puts forward suggestions.
Resource Support or Emotional Trust: Effects of Perceived Organizational Support on Entrepreneurial Performance of Global Talents in China
Authors: Li Yongzhou , Liu Shiqiu
Published: February 2021

Global talents are introduced for entrepreneurship and development in China, which is not only a significant way to gather heterogeneous human capital and realize industrial transformation and upgrading in a short period of time, but also a strategic measure to drive innovative development and build an innovative country relying on talents. The regional innovation network gathers innovation elements such as upstream and downstream enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes in the industrial chain, which provides great information and resource support for global talents to gather innovation and entrepreneurship in China. Taking global talents in China as the research object, this paper constructs the relationship model among perceived organizational support, innovation network embeddedness and entrepreneurship performance in innovation network and conducts empirical research. The survey data of Global Talents in China was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 and MPLUS 7.4. The results show that the two dimensions of perceived organizational support instrumentality and emotionality have significant positive impact on entrepreneurial performance and innovation network embeddedness; while innovation network embeddedness has significant positive effects on entrepreneurial performance, but the influence of structural embeddedness is more significant than that of relational embeddedness; relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness play a partial mediating role in the influence of instrumental support and emotional support on technological innovation performance, while structural embeddedness plays a complete mediating role in the influence of instrumental support and emotional support on growth potential performance. Based on the results of empirical research, the paper proposes to further optimize the allocation of network resources, strengthen emotional support, expand the scale of innovative network, and strive to create an international talent development environment that is similar to overseas.
The Influence of Logistics Mode on Cross Border E-commerce Business Scale
Authors: Hu Xiaohui
Published: February 2021

China’s cross-border e-commerce companies are facing the problem of high logistics cost caused by excessive reliance on road transportation in domestic logistics link. In the long-term development, crossborder e-commerce companies in the United States have adopted the intermodal transportation logistics mode, which can reduced the domestic logistics costs. In order to study the impact of intermodal-transportation logistics mode on the scale of cross-border e-commerce companies, this paper selects the relevant data of Hub Group, the first intermodal marketing company in North America, makes multiple regression analysis, and draws the following conclusion: the intermodal-transportation logistics mode of highway and railway collaborative transportation is conducive to the expansion of cross-border e-commerce business scale.
Research and Practice of Agricultural Product Quality Traceability Social Intercourse Application
Authors: Yang Yong , Wei Tongyang , Li Min
Published: February 2021

The social intercourse application of agricultural product quality traceability is facing historical opportunities such as the growth of member agriculture, consumption upgrading and grading, rapid development of social media and social services in the current internet era. This research divides the users of social intercourse application of agricultural product quality traceability into producers, consumers and distributors, and points out that the application should have the features of being open and easy to spread, free of charge and easy to access, interesting and attractive, real-time and interactive and for dissemination, it can be carried out through searching and subscribing the producers, recording and forwarding the content, as well as scanning agricultural product traceability QR code. Based on the above-mentioned methods and ideas, the “Nongdu Easy to Trace” Wechat program based on Wechat platform has been developed and has been widely promoted and used in many provinces in China.
Research on Personal Information Protection System of Network Information Platform under the Background of Big Data
Authors: Xue Yijun , Zhou Zhide
Published: February 2021

The core of an Internet enterprise is the data of the network platform, which usually includes a large amount of personal data and personal information. Big data refers to the massive, high growth rate and diversified information assets that require new processing models to have stronger decision-making power, insight, and process optimization capabilities. It is characterized by a large number, high speed, variety, value density, and authenticity. There are ways and legal risks of leaking personal information everywhere on the network information platform. To effectively prevent and completely eliminate the leakage of personal privacy, the government should be taken as the leading factor and rely on all levels of society to deal with this issue from multiple angles.
Analysis on the Development and Innovation Path of Chemical Fiber Industry Promoted by Digital Technology
Authors: Wang Fengyang
Published: February 2021

With the development of digital technology and the continuous expansion of digital economy, digital industry is playing an important role in the development of traditional manufacturing industry. As an important field of modern industry, especially light industry, chemical fiber manufacturing industry has made a great contribution to the economic growth of people’s livelihood in China. Through in-depth research and analysis of the innovation path of digital technology to promote the development of chemical fiber industry, this paper found that: The 1% growth of digital technology will drive the growth of chemical fiber industry by 0.58%, this driving effect promotes the efficiency of process innovation, product innovation, marketing efficiency and management efficiency of the chemical industry, digital technology will enable the chemical fiber industry to break through the limitations of the traditional development mode in all links of the industrial chain and form a strong driving force for its sustainable development. Therefore, accelerating the in-depth integration of digital technology and chemical fiber industry is the key path for China’s chemical fiber industry to resolve the current challenges in terms of price and supply chain relations and to achieve high-quality development.
Research on Construction of Regulatory Sandbox for Safety Supervision on Intelligent Connected Products
Authors: Feng Yongqin , Liu Le , Li Wenzhao
Published: February 2021

In the context of the explosive development of the global intelligent connected industry, the implementation of inclusive and prudential supervision on intelligent connected products may help to maximize the dividends of innovation-driven development strategies. As an innovation of the supervision system by government departments in the process of balancing innovation and risk, regulatory sandbox provides a forward-looking supervision mode. This paper studies and proposes the ideas for construction of China’s regulatory sandbox for safety supervision on intelligent connected products by analyzing the rise, creation and role of regulatory sandbox as well as the challenges faced in the course of safety supervision on intelligent connected products.
Analysis of Military Information Construction under the Background of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pan Jian , Yi Kang , Fang Hua , Zhao Yuting , Du Keke , Liu Wenjuan
Published: February 2021

On the basis of sorting out the development history of artificial intelligence technology and its status quo in military application, the paper discussed the challenges in military application of artificial intelligence technology in information warfare, constructed a framework for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of military information, and put forward constructive thoughts and suggestions on how to accelerate the intelligent application in the field of military information.
Studies on the influencing factors and prediction of product star change in the process of e-commerce transaction based on BP neural network and VAR models
Authors: Chen Yimeng , Wang Yue , Duan Xingyin , Li Junzhang
Published: February 2021

Based on the data of reviews and scores of pacifiers sold in Amazon online market from February 2011 to August 2015, this paper extracts the text emotion words and the deviation degree of text content from the theme through the LDA theme model, and then combines the text length, based on VAR model to analyze the impact of the overall star level volatility of the market by comment length, text emotional words and topic deviation. Further, this study compare the prediction of star level by VAR model and BP neural network model, and finally put forward a more stable prediction model.
Research on the Application of Mobile Internet Information Products of New Agricultural Business Entities
Authors: Wei Tongyang , Yang Yong
Published: February 2021

Facing the current information age, this study aims to probe into the application of internet products of mobile terminals in the new agricultural business entities, and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the application. Based on this, the research group conducted an in-depth research on the new agricultural business entities in eight provinces and cities nationwide to understand the application of information products in the new agricultural business entities, in order to provide important reference and innovative ideas for the agricultural management departments and decision-making departments to carry out the work of training, fostering, guiding and serving new business entities.
Innovation and Coordination a SWOT Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Industry in Guangdong Province
Authors: Huang Weilong , Fan Zhenguo
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the current development of artificial intelligence industry in Guangdong province, and uses SWOT analysis to explore the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats of the artificial intelligence industry in the Guangdong province. Based on the analysis, this paper gives some suggestions for the policy makers: firstly, it is necessary to speed up breakthroughs in core technologies and key components; secondly, Guangdong should gather high-end intelligence resources of AI industry; finally, it is recommended to increase policy support and build an ecosystem with deep integration of AI and real economy.
Research on Comprehensive Budget Management of Agricultural Enterprises in Heilongjiang under the Background of Cloud Accounting
Authors: Nanyun Xiao , Yan Xu
Published: February 2021

Heilongjiang, as an important commodity grain production base in the country, shoulders the important task of national food security. At the same time, Heilongjiang has strong supporting capacity in resources, industries, science and education, talents, infrastructure and so on. Therefore, it plays an important role in the overall development of the country. Accounting, as an important management means and information system, is affected by economic environment factors. Accounting should adapt to the new economic environment, and provide a boost to the economy. The budget is not only a tool to control expenditure, but also a method to increase the value of the enterprise by using the existing resources of the enterprise. In the 21st century, with the rapid development of computer and internet technology, cloud computing and big data have gradually become the mainstream technology. In the era of big data, it is imperative to carry out comprehensive budget management in the environment of cloud accounting.
Predicting the rise and fall of Shanghai composite index based on artificial intelligence
Authors: Wang Zijun
Published: February 2021

Shanghai composite index reflects the changes of stock prices, and the methods for various models to predict the stock index emerge one after another, and artificial intelligence is also widely used in various fields due to its stability and accuracy. In this paper, artificial intelligence is applied to Shanghai composite index to predict the stock index. A total of 3422 Shanghai composite indexes from January 1, 2005 to January 1, 2019 were collected, including five indexes: opening price, maximum price, closing price, minimum price and trading volume. Then MA, KDJ and MACD were selected as technical indexes, and their application methods and advantages in Shanghai composite index were analyzed in detail. In addition, in this paper, logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM) in artificial intelligence model were adopted to predict the ups and downs. Finally, it indicates that the support vector basis method based on radial basis is more suitable for stock index prediction model. In this paper, a framework of index prediction is provided by combining technical indicators with artificial intelligence.
Central bank’s supervision on commercial banks’ credit business an exploratory post-epidemic-based research
Authors: Li Tingen , Fang Huan , Zhang Yanting
Published: February 2021

The epidemic of COVID-19 broke out, domestic economy suffered a heavy setback, the Central Bank of China launched a series of policies against this backdrop, aiming to stimulate the economy. However, some investors speculate from the loose loans in real estate, which makes the funds policy originally used for stimulating the real economy to be artificially drained into the real estate market, further resulting in the imbalance of social supply. To solve this problem, from the perspective of the central bank and with the use of literature research and other methods, this paper makes research on analyzes the central bank’s credit supervision on commercial banks. Study shows that information collection and monetary policy are the problems with central bank. Through big data technology and monetary policy into the new reference index two angles to try to solve the problem. It aims to effectively strengthen the efficiency and level of central bank’s supervision. Meanwhile it can provide corresponding theories and references for subsequent research. The limitation of this study is that there is no specific application supporting the analysis. Otherwise the paper would be more applicable in practice. Therefore, this problem needs to be further studied and solved.
Influence of Epidemic Situation on Employment of College Graduates and Informatization Countermeasures
Authors: Huang Rui
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 spread gradually throughout the country in the Spring Festival around 2020, leading to economic downturn and more severe employment situation in colleges. Multiple difficulties and challenges, such as the reduction of employment posts, the delay of graduation progress, the change of recruitment forms and the psychological anxiety of college students, lead to the huge employment pressure for college graduates. We can cultivate the comprehensive ability of students by means of informatization management, such as broadening employment channels, ensuring graduation on time, improving employment policies and rebuilding psychology of college students. In this way, the high quality of employment work in Colleges can be ensured. Scientific measures should be taken to deal with the impact of the epidemic on employment.
Application Management Practice of Investment Statistics Business Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ma Lei , Che Jiachen , Qian Xiao , Song Hongfang , Wen Geping , Jiang Hao , Cui Qinyue , Wen Fan
Published: February 2021

As a new decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing paradigm, blockchain is of great significance to break through the “mutual trust problem” between statistical specialty and basic data providing departments, and between the upper and lower levels of statistical data reporting units, and further improve the quality of statistical work. This paper first briefly analyzes the problems existing in the current investment statistics business, and introduces the basic principles and characteristics of blockchain technology. This paper studies the idea and process optimization of the application of blockchain technology in investment statistics business, and expounds the specific application schemes of blockchain technology in different links, such as automatic data collection, automatic data verification, automatic report generation, and automatic index release. Finally, the expected effect of the application of blockchain technology in investment statistics business is analyzed.
Comparative Analysis and Enlightenment of Employment Intentions of Chinese and American Financial Management Majors
Authors: Li Zhi , Ti Haowei
Published: February 2021

The development and improvement of the financial management profession plays a vital role in promoting the growth of talents, smooth employment and successful entrepreneurship in universities. The financial management profession of American college students started early and is very mature. This paper makes a detailed comparison of the employment intentions of financial management majors from multiple angles, and obtains the diversification and multi-channelization of the employment intentions of American financial management majors. It will provide a reasonable reference for the development and improvement of the employment intention and possible development direction of college students majoring in financial management in China.
A Brief Analysis of the Application of Enterprise’s Internal Accounting and Financial Management in Computer
Authors: Lan Yulin , Li Xuemei
Published: February 2021

In the rapid development of the computer industry, the development of big data technology is getting faster and faster, and the requirements for data processing in corporate accounting and financial management are becoming more and more stringent. Therefore, the effective integration of computer data processing technology and corporate financial management is conducive to improving the overall efficiency of accounting work and improving the integrity of accounting information. Accounting informationization is the main development trend that must be faced in the process of financial management of Chinese enterprises. In the development of accounting informatization, we need to effectively apply computer technology and computer internal management procedures to realize the automation of financial work and intelligent operation and management. This will help improve the overall level of financial management and promote the healthy and stable development of my country’s accounting industry. However, there are still some problems when we promote the application of accounting management on computers. In consequence, we need to study and analyze these problems and propose effective improvement measures. Only in this way can the corporate accounting management work be effectively combined with computer technology and the level of accounting informationization can be improved.
Les codes de calcul de haute précision : quand le nucléaire met au pot commun
Authors: Hassnaoui Yonas
Published: February 2021

L’exploitation des centrales nucléaires a toujours nécessité l’utilisation de codes de calcul informatique pour simuler les phénomènes physiques complexes. Ces codes de calcul de haute précision ne se cantonnent pas qu’au nucléaire, loin de là : tenue mécanique des structures, thermo-hydraulique, chimie séparative, etc. Leurs champs d’application sont nombreux et variés.
Local Action Group - a pillar of the development of the Romanian village
Authors: (Stanciu) Florescu Mihaela Felicia , Turek Rahoveanu Adrian
Published: February 2021

The Local Action Groups have the capacity to act in a complex way, so as to cover the entire economic and social issues of the regions where they act. The actions carried out by the LAGs have direct consequences on rural development by encouraging those projects that develop alternative solutions in obtaining revenues; diversification of the market for products and services; ensuring sustainable development, by protecting the environment and ensuring the security and well-being of life. This article makes an analysis of the impact of European funding in supporting the development of the rural environment of the area of influence of a Local Action Group in Olt County. It describes the situation of European funding at LAG level and the proposal of development directions that need to be considered in the future: increasing competitiveness in agricultural activities, sustainable use of resources and balanced development of economic activities and local communities in rural areas.
Infektion durch Herpes simplex Virus bei zwei unreifen Frühgeborenen – Diagnostisches und therapeutisches Management
Authors: Haase Roland , Seliger Gregor , Baier Jan
Published: February 2021

Herpes simplex Virus Typ 1 oder 2 (HSV-1/2) Infektionen bei Neugeborenen sind selten, aber insbesondere bei systemischen Verlauf mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität belastet. Frühgeborene gehören aufgrund ihrer immunologischen Unreife und der häufig unspezifischen, Sepsis-ähnlichen Klinik einer HSV-1/2 Infektion zu einer besonders gefährdeten Gruppe. Wir stellen das diagnostische und therapeutische Management bei 2 unreifen Frühgeborenen mit systemischer HSV Infektion vor. Beide erhielten entsprechend aktuellen Empfehlungen nach initialer parenteraler Intensivtherapie eine orale Aciclovir Suppressionstherapie.
PSMA-Radioligandentherapie könnte Nuklearmedizin vor infrastrukturelle Herausforderungen stellen: Ergebnisse einer Basiskalkulation zur Kapazitätsplanung nuklearmedizinischer Betten im deutschen Krankenhaussektor
Authors: Zippel Claus , Giesel Frederik L. , Kratochwil Clemens , Eiber Matthias , Rahbar Kambiz , Albers Peter , Maurer Tobias , Krause Bernd J. , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Mit der zunehmenden Verbreitung der Lu-177-PSMA-RLT zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinoms ist von Interesse, wie sich die Versorgungssituation mit Blick auf die hierfür nötigen nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten angesichts hoher Fallzahlen beim fortgeschrittenen PCa hypothetisch darstellen würde, und ob es hier potenziell zu einem infrastrukturbedingten Engpass für die Patientenversorgung kommen könnte.

Methodik Das in deutschen Krankenhäusern verfügbare Angebot an nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten wurde dem bei etwaiger Zulassung eines Therapeutikums zur Lu-177-PSMA-RLT als Letztlinientherapie für mCRPC-Patienten perspektivisch insgesamt zu rechnenden nuklearmedizinischen Nachfragepotenzial an Therapiebetten in einer Basiskalkulation gegenübergestellt. Eine mögliche Ausweitung des Lu-PSMA-Indikationsspektrums wurde dabei nicht berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse Nach der Basiskalkulation ergäbe sich bei einer bundesweit aktuellen nuklearmedizinischen Bettenkapazität von ca. 234 000 Behandlungstagen eine rechnerisch geringe Reserve von bundesweit ca. 19 000 nuklearmedizinischen Bettentagen, was umgerechnet einer Reserve von 63 Betten für die interessierende Fragestellung entspricht. Dabei zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede bei der Bettenkapazität: Während sich für einige Bundesländer eine rechnerische Unterkapazität an nuklearmedizinischen Therapiebetten bei Zulassung der Lu-177-PSMA-RLT andeutet, gilt dies für andere Bundesländer weniger.

Diskussion Diese Basiskalkulation zeigt, dass die Kapazität nuklearmedizinischer Therapiebetten bei einer etwaig zugelassenen Lu-177-PSMA-RLT für mCRPC sehr gut ausgelastet sein dürfte, in einigen Bundesländern sogar an ihre Grenzen stoßen könnte. Bei einer perspektivischen Ausweitung des Indikationsspektrums oder absehbar klinischen Etablierung weiterer therapeutischer Radiopharmaka könnte die Bettenzahl mittelfristig einen Engpassfaktor für das flächendeckende Behandlungsangebot darstellen.
Chemical Diversity of Volatile Macrocylic Lactones from Frogs
Authors: Schulz Stefan , Poth Dennis , Peram Pardha Saradhi , Hötling Susann , Menke Markus , Melnik Kristina , Röpke René
Published: February 2021

For a long time, frogs were believed to communicate primarily via the acoustic channel, but during the last decades it became obvious that various lineages also use chemical communication. In this Account we present our research on the identification of volatile lactones from Madagascan Mantellidae and African Hyperoliidae frogs. Both possess male specific glands that can disseminate a range of volatile compounds. Key constituents are macrocyclic lactones. They show high variability in structure and occurrence. We focus here on the synthetic approaches we have used to clarify constitution and configuration of the glandular compounds. Key synthetic methods are ring-closing metathesis and nucleophilic epoxide opening. Often, but not always, the natural compounds occurs in amounts that excludes their investigation by NMR spectroscopy. Instead, we use GC/MS analysis, GC/IR, microreactions, and synthesis to identify such components. Several aspects of our work will be described giving some insight in our scientific approach.

1 Introduction

2 Macrocylic Lactones from the Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway

3 Unsaturated Lactones

4 Terpenoid Lactones

5 Macrolide Occurrence

6 Conclusions
Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage and its Severe Forms with Blood Loss Evaluated Objectively – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Borovac-Pinheiro Anderson , Ribeiro Filipe Moraes , Pacagnella Rodolfo Carvalho
Published: February 2021

Objective To identify risk factors related to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and severe PPH with blood loss quantified objectively.

Methods This is a complementary analysis of a prospective cohort study that included pregnant women delivering vaginally. The total blood loss was obtained through the sum of the volume collected from the drape with the weight of gauzes, compresses and pads used by women within 2 hours. Exploratory data analysis was performed to assess mean, standard deviation (SD), frequency, percentage and percentiles. The risk factors for postpartum bleeding were evaluated using linear and logistic regression.

Results We included 270 women. The mean blood loss at 120 minutes was 427.49 mL (±335.57 mL). Thirty-one percent (84 women) bled > 500 mL and 8.2% (22 women) bled > 1,000 mL within 2 hours. Episiotomy, longer second stage of labor and forceps delivery were related to blood loss > 500 mL within 2 hours, in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only forceps remained associated with bleeding > 500 mL within 2 hours (odds ratio [OR] = 9.5 [2.85–31.53]). Previous anemia and episiotomy were also related to blood loss > 1,000mL.

Conclusion Prolonged second stage of labor, forceps and episiotomy are related to increased incidence of PPH, and should be used as an alert for the delivery assistants for early recognition and prompt treatment for PPH.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Miller Neil R.
Published: February 2021

A host of different types of direct and indirect, primary and secondary injuries can affect different portions of the optic nerve(s). Thus, in the setting of penetrating as well as nonpenetrating head or facial trauma, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the possibility of the presence of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). TON is a clinical diagnosis, with imaging frequently adding clarification to the full nature/extent of the lesion(s) in question. Each pattern of injury carries its own unique prognosis and theoretical best treatment; however, the optimum management of patients with TON remains unclear. Indeed, further research is desperately needed to better understand TON. Observation, steroids, surgical measures, or a combination of these are current cornerstones of management, but statistically significant evidence supporting any particular approach for TON is absent in the literature. Nevertheless, it is likely that novel management strategies will emerge as more is understood about the converging pathways of various secondary and tertiary mechanisms of cell injury and death at play in TON. In the meantime, given our current deficiencies in knowledge regarding how to best manage TON, “primum non nocere” (first do no harm) is of utmost importance.
Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies
Authors: Schoenaker Danielle A.J.M. , de Jersey Susan , Willcox Jane , Francois Monique E. , Wilkinson Shelley
Published: February 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and a significant clinical and public health problem with lifelong and intergenerational adverse health consequences for mothers and their offspring. The preconception, early pregnancy, and interconception periods represent opportune windows to engage women in preventive and health promotion interventions. This review provides an overview of findings from observational and intervention studies on the role of diet, physical activity, and weight (change) during these periods in the primary prevention of GDM. Current evidence suggests that supporting women to increase physical activity and achieve appropriate weight gain during early pregnancy and enabling women to optimize their weight and health behaviors prior to and between pregnancies have the potential to reduce rates of GDM. Translation of current evidence into practice requires further development and evaluation of co-designed interventions across community, health service, and policy levels to determine how women can be reached and supported to optimize their health behaviors before, during, and between pregnancies to reduce GDM risk.
Cognitive biases and mindfulness
Authors: Maymin Philip Z. , Langer Ellen J.
Published: February 2021

In a study testing whether mindfulness decreases cognitive biases, respondents answered 22 standard cognitive bias questions to measure susceptibility to the endowment effect, overconfidence, mental accounting, anchoring, loss aversion, and 17 other biases, as well as the 14 questions of the Langer mindfulness survey (LMS), measuring the traits of novelty-seeking, novelty producing, and engagement. A portion of the respondents were randomly pre-assigned to a condition that induced mindfulness. On 19 of the 22 biases, those induced to be mindful were less likely to show the bias. They also scored higher on 11 of the 14 LMS questions. The method by which we induced mindfulness was unrelated to the context of the later questions, involving image comparisons and standard Langerian instructions to notice three new things. People can boost their decision-making abilities merely by increasing their mindfulness, with no need for meditation, psychological training, or statistical education.
Time-dependent propagator for an-harmonic oscillator with quartic term in potential
Authors: Boháčik J. , Prešnajder P. , Augustín P.
Published: February 2021

In this work, we present the analytical approach for the evaluation of the conditional measure Wiener path integral. We consider the time-dependent model parameters. We find the differential equation for the variable, determining the behavior of the harmonic as well as the an-harmonic parts of the oscillator. We present the an-harmonic part of the result in the form of the operator function.
The use of photothermal techniques for thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance measurements of phase-change chalcogenides alloys
Authors: Battaglia Jean-Luc , Kusiak Andrzej , Ghosh Kanka
Published: February 2021

This article presents three photothermal methods dedicated to the measurement of the thermal properties of chalcogenide alloys, used as a central element in the new generations of non-volatile memory. These materials have two phases, amorphous and crystalline, possessing a sharp contrast in their electrical and thermal properties. In the crystalline phase, the properties also change very significantly with temperature. The control of the temperature of the samples, the choice of transducers, and the time or frequency characteristic values of the photothermal excitation are thoroughly discussed. Each photothermal technique is described from the experimental point of view as well as from the inverse method, performed to identify the parameters of interest. The identified thermal properties mainly concern the thermal conductivity and the thermal resistance at the interfaces between the phase-change materials and the materials in contact as encountered in the production of the microelectronic memory device. Assessing various photothermal techniques, the study suggests that pulsed photothermal radiometry is the most effective method for sensitive high-temperature measurements of thermal properties of the phase-change materials.
The sequential activation of H2 and N2 mediated by the gas-phase Sc3N+ clusters: Formation of amido unit
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhao Chong-Yang , Zhou Hai-Yan , Zhao Yue , Li Ya-Ke , Ma Jia-Bi
Published: February 2021

The activation and hydrogenation of nitrogen are central in industry and in nature. Through a combination of mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations, this work reports an interesting result that scandium nitride cations Sc3N+ can activate sequentially H2 and N2, and an amido unit (NH2) is formed based on density functional theory calculations, which is one of the inevitable intermediates in the N2 reduction reactions. If the activation step is reversed, i.e., sequential activation of first N2 and then H2, the reactivity decreases dramatically. An association mechanism, prevalent in some homogeneous catalysis and enzymatic mechanisms, is adopted in these gas-phase H2 and N2 activation reactions mediated by Sc3N+ cations. The mechanistic insights are important to understand the mechanism of the conversion of H2 and N2 to NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions.
SnS2/Si nanowire vertical heterostructure for high performance ultra-low power broadband photodetector with excellent detectivity
Authors: Das Sourav , Sarkar Kalyan Jyoti , Pal Biswajit , Mondal Hasmat , Pal Sourabh , Basori Rabaya , Banerji Pallab
Published: February 2021

Nanoparticle–nanowire heterostructures provide a new platform for photodetection applications owing to their higher light absorption, large responsivity, and excellent separation efficiency of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Herein, we report a SnS2/Si nanowire heterostructure photodetector with excellent optoelectronic properties. A high-quality SnS2/Si nanowire heterostructure was prepared by simply spin coating a wet chemically synthesized SnS2 on a vertically standing Si nanowire made by metal assisted chemical etching. The as-prepared SnS2/Si nanowire heterostructure exhibits a robust p–n junction with excellent photodetector characteristics. The photodetector based on the heterostructure shows a photo-responsivity of ∼3.8 A W−1, a specific detectivity up to ∼ 2 × 1014 Jones, and an on/off ratio up to ∼ 102 at 340 nm illumination wavelength with a significantly low optical power density of 53.75 nW/mm2 at zero bias (0 V). The photo-responsivity reached its maximum value of ∼102 A/W and detectivity of ∼1 × 1014 Jones at the same wavelength with an applied bias of −2 V. In addition, the heterostructure photodetector provides significantly good photodetector key parameters (responsivity ∼5.3 A/W, detectivity ∼ 7.5 × 1012 Jones, rise/decay time ∼0.4/0.4 s) at −2 V bias over a wide spectral range from 400 to 1100 nm. The Si nanowire and SnS2 nanoparticle heterostructure devices with an enhanced junction area open up an exciting field for novel non-toxic and environmental friendly broadband optical detection applications and optoelectronic memory devices with high responsivity, ultrahigh sensitivity, and self-sufficient functionality at low power consumption and low cost with ease of processing.
Transition states, reaction paths, and thermochemistry using the nuclear–electronic orbital analytic Hessian
Authors: Schneider Patrick E. , Tao Zhen , Pavošević Fabijan , Epifanovsky Evgeny , Feng Xintian , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon
Published: February 2021

The nuclear–electronic orbital (NEO) method is a multicomponent quantum chemistry theory that describes electronic and nuclear quantum effects simultaneously while avoiding the Born–Oppenheimer approximation for certain nuclei. Typically specified hydrogen nuclei are treated quantum mechanically at the same level as the electrons, and the NEO potential energy surface depends on the classical nuclear coordinates. This approach includes nuclear quantum effects such as zero-point energy and nuclear delocalization directly into the potential energy surface. An extended NEO potential energy surface depending on the expectation values of the quantum nuclei incorporates coupling between the quantum and classical nuclei. Herein, theoretical methodology is developed to optimize and characterize stationary points on the standard or extended NEO potential energy surface, to generate the NEO minimum energy path from a transition state down to the corresponding reactant and product, and to compute thermochemical properties. For this purpose, the analytic coordinate Hessian is developed and implemented at the NEO Hartree–Fock level of theory. These NEO Hessians are used to study the SN2 reaction of ClCH3Cl− and the hydride transfer of C4H9+. For each system, analysis of the single imaginary mode at the transition state and the intrinsic reaction coordinate along the minimum energy path identifies the dominant nuclear motions driving the chemical reaction. Visualization of the electronic and protonic orbitals along the minimum energy path illustrates the coupled electronic and protonic motions beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. This work provides the foundation for applying the NEO approach at various correlated levels of theory to a wide range of chemical reactions.
IrN4 and IrN7 as potential high-energy-density materials
Authors: Du Xin , Yao Yansun , Wang Jing , Yang Qiuping , Yang Guochun
Published: February 2021

Transition metal nitrides have attracted great interest due to their unique crystal structures and applications. Here, we predict two N-rich iridium nitrides (IrN4 and IrN7) under moderate pressure through first-principles swarm-intelligence structural searches. The two new compounds are composed of stable IrN6 octahedrons and interlinked with high energy polynitrogens (planar N4 or cyclo-N5). Balanced structural robustness and energy content result in IrN4 and IrN7 being dynamically stable under ambient conditions and potentially as high energy density materials. The calculated energy densities for IrN4 and IrN7 are 1.3 kJ/g and 1.4 kJ/g, respectively, comparable to other transition metal nitrides. In addition, IrN4 is predicted to have good tensile (40.2 GPa) and shear strengths (33.2 GPa), as well as adequate hardness (20 GPa). Moderate pressure for synthesis and ambient pressure recoverability encourage experimental realization of these two compounds in near future.
Electronic states of NaLi molecule: Benchmark results with Fock space coupled cluster approach
Authors: Musiał Monika , Kucharski Stanisław A. , Bewicz Anna , Skupin Patrycja , Tomanek Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Accurate potential energy curves (PECs) are obtained for 20 lowest lying electronic states of the NaLi molecule. The computational scheme used here is based on the multireference coupled cluster theory formulated in the (2,0) sector of the Fock space. The latter sector provides the description of states obtained by attachment of two electrons to the reference system. This makes it possible to adopt the doubly ionized NaLi+2 molecule as a Fermi vacuum. The latter has a very concrete advantage in calculations of the PECs since it dissociates into closed shell fragments (NaLi+2 → Na+ + Li+); hence, the restricted Hartree–Fock method can be used within the whole range of interatomic distances. Computed PECs and spectroscopic constants stay very close to the experimental values (if the latter are available) with the accuracy exceeding the other theoretical approaches including those based on the effective core polarization potentials. Relativistic corrections included at the infinite-order two-component level have a non-negligible effect on the accuracy of computed excitation and dissociation energies with contributions up to 50 cm−1.
One-photon VUV-MATI and two-photon IR+VUV-MATI spectroscopic determination of oxetane cation ring-puckering vibrations and conformation
Authors: Kang Do Won , Park Sung Man , Park Chung Bin , Sung Bong June , Kim Hong Lae , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: February 2021

The conformational structures of heterocyclic compounds are of considerable interest to chemists and biochemists as they are often the constituents of natural products. Among saturated four-membered heterocycles, the conformational structure of oxetane is known to be slightly puckered in equilibrium because of a low interconversion barrier in its ring-puckering potential, unlike cyclobutane and thietane. We measured the one-photon vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization (VUV-MATI) and two-photon IR+VUV-MATI spectra of oxetane for the first time to determine the ring-puckering potential of the oxetane cation and hence its conformational structure in the D0 (ground) state. Remarkably, negative anharmonicity and large amplitudes were observed for the ring-puckering vibrational mode progression in the low-frequency region of the observed MATI spectra. We were able to successfully analyze the progression in the MATI spectra through the Franck–Condon simulations, using modeled potential energy functions for the ring-puckering modes in the S0 and D0 states. Considering that the interconversion barrier and puckered angle for the ring-puckering potential on the S0 state were found to be 15.5 cm−1 and 14°, respectively, the cationic structure is expected to be planar with C2v symmetry. Our results revealed that the removal of an electron from the nonbonding orbitals on the oxygen atom in oxetane induced the straightening of the puckered ring in the cation owing to an increase in ring strain. Consequently, we conclude that this change in the conformational structure upon ionization generated the ring-puckering vibrational mode progression in the MATI spectra.
Designing few-layer graphene Schottky contact solar cells: Theoretical efficiency limits and parametric optimization
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Jicheng , Ang Lay Kee , Ang Yee Sin , Guo Juncheng
Published: February 2021

We theoretically study the efficiency limits and performance characteristics of few-layer graphene–semiconductor solar cells (FGSCs) based on a Schottky contact device structure. We model and compare the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of various configurations by explicitly considering the non-Richardson thermionic emission across few-layer graphene/semiconductor Schottky heterostructures. The calculations reveal that ABA-stacked trilayer graphene–silicon solar cell exhibits a maximal conversion efficiency exceeding 26% due to a lower reversed saturation current when compared to that of the ABC-stacking configuration. The thermal coefficients of PCE for ABA and ABC stacking FGSCs are –0.061%/K and –0.048%/K, respectively. Our work offers insights into optimal designs of graphene-based solar cells, thus paving a route toward the design of high-performance FGSC for future nanoscale energy converters.