bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Implementation of Vehicle Drivers Alcohol and Temperature Monitoring System
Authors: Yusuf Samson Dauda , Franklyn Abah Enoch , Loko Abdulmumini Zubairu
Published: January 2025

Drunk driving is one of the major cause of road accidents especially in Nigeria where there is no controls or checks to the level of alcohol content of drivers. In this study, a vehicle alcohol and temperature monitoring system was simulated and constructed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller ATMega328. The circuit was simulated in Proteus8.1 design suit comprising an alcohol sensor, contactless temperature sensor, motor/relay driver, ignition, 16×2 liquid crystal display, and 5V DC power. The simulated circuit was constructed on a printed circuit board and tested for continuity and power ‘ON’. An evaluation performance test was also carried out using 40 volunteers that have consumed varying amounts of alcohol content ranging from two to fifteen standard drink and their blood alcohol content as well as body temperature were measured. The true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative were recorded. Results showed that the constructed device has sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 75% depicting that the system can correctly identify 92% presence of alcohol and 75% of alcohol absence with 90% accuracy. It however, failed to identify only 8% alcohol presence and 25% alcohol absence. The device if installed in a vehicle could be significantly useful in averting road accidents caused by drunk driving. Ensuring the public and commercial drivers have a clear understanding of the law and raising awareness of the impact drink drive has on road users is important to reducing its prevalence.
The Periodic Variation in Iron Availability in Soils Affected by Saline Water Conditions
Authors: Parmar Pushpa S. , Patel K. C.
Published: January 2025

An incubation study was carried out at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, AAU, Vaso for 60 days to find out the effect of Fe nanoparticles on periodical availability of iron in soil under saline water condition with different levels of Fe nanoparticle with two types of irrigation water in loamy sand soil. The treatments were repeated thrice adopting CRD factorial (2 factors) design. Irrigation water samples was drawn as per standard protocol and important chemical parameters were analyzed. The 100 g soils were treated in plastic beaker with seven levels of Fe nanoparticle (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 5.0 mg Fe/kg soil) and three level of FeSO4 (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) under saline water condition i.e (i) High saline water (EC > 4dSm-1) and Low saline water (EC < 1dSm-1). The four sampling was done at an interval of time i.e 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after treatment. Each set was completely withdrawn after 10, 20, 40 and 60 days and was analyzed for DTPA-Fe. The DTPA extractable Fe content after 10, 20, 40, 60 days of incubation in soil was significantly decreased due to high saline irrigation water (EC > 4dS m-1) over low saline irrigation water (EC < 1dS m-1). The significantly highest DTPA-Fe content (6.83, 7.58, 8.32 and 8.48 mg kg-1) was recorded at 10, 20, 40 and 60, respectively days after incubation due to 10.0 mg kg-1 soil through FeSO4 application, which was found at par with treatment 5.0 mg Fe kg-1 soil through FeSO4 or Fe nanoparticles. The DTPA-Fe availability adversely affected over the time under high saline irrigation water condition.
Evaluation of Different Traits to Find Out Genetic Divergence of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Chattar Bhushan R. , Bhor Tukaram J. , Chavan Snehal S. , Shitole Leena S. , Shinde Chetan S.
Published: January 2025

The goal of the study was to quantify the genetic divergence among the different genotypes of rice. The experiment was conducted under the agro-climatic zone of Western ghat region. The experimental trial was carried out for thirteen characters of 40 rice genotypes during kharif 2021 at Agricultural Research Station, Vadgaon Maval, Pune. Total 11 clusters were formed out of which Cluster I contained 12 genotypes and cluster II, III, IV, X contained 6,9,3 and 4 genotypes respectively. While cluster V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and XI were monogenotypic. The maximum inter-cluster distance observed within cluster VII and XI (24.29) followed by cluster III and XI (24.03), cluster X and XI (23.69), cluster IV and VII (23.39), cluster I and IX (22.21). Hybridization between genetically distant cluster ensure the greater genetic variability in the progeny thereby increases the chance of obtaining superior hybrid. Greater the genetic diversity is directily linked to the extend of heterosis and also reduce the chance of inbreeding depression. The variance of cluster mean showed that, the trait test weight followed by flag leaf length, days to 50% flowering, flag leaf breadth, panicle length, fertile spikelets per panicle, days to maturity were the main characters for contributing divergence in current study. In present analysis productive tillers per plant, spikelet fertility %, infertile spikelets per panicle, grain yield per plant, plant height and total spikelets per panicle had comparatively much low contribution in divergence. Based on the divergence classes the genotypes viz., Karjat 5, VDN 1930, Karjat 5-4, VDN 1902, Phule Samruddhi, RTN 4, Ratnagiri 24, TKR 34, VDN 1832 and KJT TCR 39 may be used as potential donor for future hybridisation program to develop high yielders. Although the intercluster distance between cluster V (test weight-highest value) and cluster IX (flag leaf length- highest value) is 13.61 was not the maximum, it still represents sufficient genetic diversity to warrant hybridization. The high contribution percentages of test weight (25.13%) and flag leaf length (23.59%) highlight the importance of these traits in crop improvement. Hybridization between these clusters could lead to varieties with superior traits, including higher yield, better grain quality and improved stress adaptability. These traits are complementary and together ensure the efficiency of resource utilization (photosynthesis and grain filling), making them priorities in a breeding program.
Pesticide Contamination of Urban Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: KOUASSI Adingra Gustave , ZEBRE Arthur Constant , KOUASSI Kouassi Clément
Published: January 2025

Context: Lettuce is one of the most popular leafy vegetables in Côte d'Ivoire. Often produced in urban agriculture under uncontrolled conditions, lettuce is said to contain pesticide residues that are increasingly used in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the pesticide content of urban-grown lettuce consumed by the population of Yamoussoukro the political capital of Côte d'Ivoire.
Methods: A characterization of lettuce production in urban agriculture was carried out through a survey of 117 urban producers. Fifteen (15) lettuces samples were collected from three emblematic sites located in the heart of the city. These samples were analyzed using an HPLC chain (Waters alliance) to identify and measure the pesticide content of lettuce produced and consumed in Yamoussoukro. A chemical risk assessment for pesticides was carried out using the Codex Alimentarius method.
Results: The study revealed that nationals (Ivorians) dominate lettuce production in the city of Yamoussoukro with a rate of 58.97%. This activity is dominated by men with a rate of 55.56%. Various pesticide residues grouped into nine (9) families were detected in lettuces, some at very alarming levels. According to WHO, FAO and European Community standards, 33% of the samples were unacceptable, and therefore unfit for human consumption. The assessment of the health risk linked to consumption due to the presence of Parathion in lettuce would be 28% for chronic intoxication and 2% for acute intoxication. The risk of chronic intoxication by Dimethoate would be 47%, and of acute intoxication 1%. For both Chlorpyriphos and Spirodiclofen, the risks of chronic poisoning of populations are real, but the populations exposed would be low.
Conclusion: Urban-grown lettuce from Yamoussoukro, the political capital of Côte d'Ivoire, often contains pesticide residues in excess of required standards. This lettuce represents a danger and exposes consumer populations to health risks. These very important results must be taken into consideration by politicians.
Food Additives and Processing Aids Used in Bread-making: An Overview
Authors: G M Vinay , Pathiam Srilatha , Kumar Deepak , R Prakasha
Published: January 2025

Bread is the most consumed food in the world. Bread can be used as a delivery vehicle for nutrients and supplements to the general public. To have a good quality bread, the use of optimum ingredients is essential. This chapter gives the crucial role of food additives and their components in baking science from dough to final loaf. Delving into the fascinating world of dough enhancement, the chapter will explore various additives such as dough conditioners, enzymes, emulsifiers, preservatives, and flour improvers. Further, it covers how these substances contribute to the texture, shelf life, and overall quality of bread. The discussion will not only encompass the positive aspects but also touch upon potential controversies and health considerations associated with the use of these additives. A trend of gluten-free bread is gaining attention over traditional source ingredients like bread. In this chapter, we discussed how one can make gluten-free bread without altering bread quality characteristics. A comprehensive review of the effect of additives on bread quality and their acceptable daily intake (ADI) and generally recognised as safe (GRAS) status has been discussed.
Increasing the Brand Awareness of Sosis Solo Nyonya Veronica by Finding a New Market Segment and Creating the Packaging of the Frozen Food
Authors: Santoso Rafael Juan , Ibrahim Jusuf Imam
Published: January 2025

The writer selected Sosis Solo Nyonya Veronica for this article. Sosis Solo Nyonya Veronica is a small business in the food sector. The brand was founded in 2022, and the main product is Sosis Solo. The problem of this business is low brand awareness. Its market is limited to warung soto customers in Solo because their ready-to-eat products go bad easily. To increase the brand awareness and sales, this business must sell the frozen food variant to customers from other cities. This is where a good packaging matters. In the research, the writer collected the data from the customers and the target market to know the level of the brand awareness and their opinions regarding frozen food and packaging. From the 50 respondents, the writer found out that the brand awareness level is low, belonging only to level 1 or No Recognition (46%) and level 2 or Brand Recognition (54%). The respondents confirmed that packaging for the frozen food is Very Important (54%) and Important (42%). They also said the packaging should contain the logo, brand name, and WhatsApp number. By selling the frozen food variants to another market (food stores), the brand awareness Sosis Solo Nyonya Veronica will expand to other cities and the sales will in turn increase.
Types and Reasons for Code-Switching Used by Andovi Da Lopez in AndoviAndreasShow
Authors: Uzziela Sang Ayu Made Sheera
Published: January 2025

This study aims to discover the types and reasons for code-switching used by Andovi Da Lopez in the AndoviAndreasShow. This study wants to identify what types and why Andovi Da Lopez used code-switching during his conversation in the three videos in AndoviAndreasShow. The writer used Hoffmann's (2014) theory of code-switching types (Intra-sentential switching, Inter-sentential switching, and Emblematic switching) as well as Holmes and Wilson's (2017) theory of code-switching reasons (Participants, solidarity, and status, Topic, Switching for Affective Functions, Metaphorical Switching, Lexical Borrowing, Linguistic Constraints). This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The data collected showed that all code-switching types complied with Hoffmann's (2014) theory. Furthermore, Andovi Da Lopez just used five reasons stated by Holmes and Wilson (2017) in the AndoviAndreasShow videos.
Two Feminist Waves and Two Cultures in Little Women: An Adaptation Studies
Authors: Susanto Angelina
Published: January 2025

This study explores the adaptation of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women into a 2022 Korean television series, focusing on feminist themes across cultural contexts. By examining the portrayal of women's choices and roles, the research reveals how feminist ideas are reimagined for contemporary audiences. Both the novel and the series portray second-wave feminism through characters like Jo March, who challenges traditional gender roles, and third-wave feminism through characters like Meg March, who emphasizes autonomy and personal agency. The Korean series, featuring characters like Oh In-joo and Oh In-hye, illustrates the interplay between traditional values and modern feminist discourse. This study highlights the cultural reinterpretation of feminist values in adaptations.
Tantri’s Anxieties and Her Defense Mechanism in The Film Sekala Niskala (2018)
Authors: Marcella Natania , Limanta Liem Satya
Published: January 2025

This thesis discusses the anxieties and defense mechanisms in Tantri, the protagonist of Indonesian indie film Sekala Niskala (2018). This pivotal film of Kamila Andini tells the story of Tantri, a Balinese girl, dealing with her twin brother, Tantra’s terminal illness. In this study, we are investigating Tantri’s anxieties and her ego’s defense mechanisms according to Sigmund Freud’s anxiety theory and his and Anna Freud’s defense mechanism theory. We found that Tantri displayed reality, neurotic, and moral anxiety. Her reality anxiety of Tantra’s deteriorating health extended to her neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety. As a response, Tantri’s ego applied the defense mechanisms of repression and sublimation. Tantri’s repression was manifested in a pretense of reality and dreams that revealed the fears and desires; her sublimation was expressed through a dance. The results of this study show that anxiety and defense mechanisms are universal in different stages of life and all social backgrounds.
Politeness Strategies Used by Emily Cooper to Her Boss and Work Colleagues in Emily in Paris
Authors: Liman Tiffany
Published: January 2025

This qualitative research study was conducted to analyze the politeness strategies used by Emily Cooper to her boss and work colleagues throughout season 3 of the Netflix series Emily in Paris, specifically within the business context. The main theory used is Watts’ second order politeness strategy (2003) that is elaborated with the politeness strategy theory by Brown and Levinson (1987). The findings indicate that Emily Cooper used more politeness sub strategies to her boss who has a higher social status than hers rather than to her work colleagues who have the same social status as hers. Additionally, the findings revealed that one out of the four politeness strategies Emily Cooper does not use to her boss, whereas she used it to her work colleagues, is the off record politeness strategy. In conclusion, in this study the politeness strategies used by Emily Cooper to both her boss and work colleagues in the series Emily in Paris season 3 depended on the social status of the person she talked to during communicating about work.
Interactional Styles Used by Christopher Gardner in Movie the Pursuit of Happyness
Authors: Nathan Daniel , Gunawan Samuel
Published: January 2025

The study "Interactional Styles Used by Christopher Gardner in Movie The Pursuit of Happyness" examines the different communication styles exhibited by the character Christopher Gardner in various situations. Using Holmes's (2006) theory of interactional styles, the study identifies both feminine and masculine features in Gardner's interactions. These features include facilitative, supportive feedback, indirect, person/process-oriented, and affectively oriented (feminine), as well as competitive, aggressive interruptions, direct, task/outcome-oriented, and referentially oriented (masculine).
Age Demographics as a Moderating Effect in the Influence of Fintech Through Financial Literacy on Financial Behavior
Authors: Andaris Ibnu , Paramitha Niken , Firmansyah Dadan , Ekhsan Muhamad
Published: January 2025

The increasingly sophisticated development of technology gave rise to the term fintech in the financial aspect; the emergence of fintech brought challenges for users that affect financial behavior. This study seeks to analyze in more depth what factors can influence financial behavior using fintech variables, financial literacy, and age demographics. The leading theory presented is planned behavior, which is related to financial behavior. This research uses a quantitative approach by collecting primary data through observation and distributing questionnaires. Based on our study, a sample size of 100 individuals was selected by purposive sampling technique. The analysis employed path analysis with moderating effects, conducted through Smart-PLS 3 software. The results revealed a statistically significant influence of financial technology and financial literacy on financial behavior. Furthermore, financial technology exhibited a significant impact on financial literacy. Additionally, we found that financial literacy was a mediator in the relationship between financial technology and financial behavior, while age demographics did not moderate this association.
AI Integrated Holistic Resume Analysis
Authors: Prasad Potu Ram , Kiran Mutyala Uday , Subapriya V
Published: January 2025

Holistic resume analysis is a comprehensive evaluation process that examines a candidate's entire resume, rather
than focusing solely on individual components such as education, experience, or skills. This approach integrates
various elements to paint a complete picture of the candidate's professional identity and potential. By considering
factors such as formatting, language, and personal branding alongside traditional qualifications, holistic
analysis provides valuable insights into how effectively a resume communicates the candidate's value proposition
to potential employers. It emphasizes the importance of context, narrative coherence, and alignment with job
descriptions, ensuring that the resume not only showcases qualifications but also resonates with the target
audience. The analysis includes assessing the overall organization of the document, the relevance of included
experiences, and the aptness of language utilized, all of which contribute to the impression a candidate makes on
recruiters. Additionally, holistic resume analysis identifies gaps or inconsistencies that may detract from a
candidate’s profile, offering opportunities for improvement. Ultimately, holistic resume analysis serves as a
critical tool for job seekers aiming to refine their applications for maximum impact, while also assisting hiring
managers in understanding the broader context of a candidate's qualifications. By synthesizing quantitative and
qualitative aspects of resumes, this analysis fosters more informed decision-making in the hiring process,
enhancing the likelihood of finding the right match for both candidates and employers. In a competitive job market, such a thorough examination proves vital for standing out and successfully navigating the complexities of career advancement
Evaluation Of Ligamentous Tears Of The Knee Joint And Correlation Between Meniscal And Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Reddy Dr. Mandipalli Likhitheswar , Musib Dr. Jayanti , B Dr. Akshay , Royal Dr. Achyutha Akhil , Ramesh Dr. Vasa
Published: January 2025

Background: The knee joint is highly susceptible to injuries, particularly from sports and trauma, making
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a valuable tool for diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders due to its
excellent soft tissue contrast and multiplanar capabilities. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most
frequently injured and reconstructed ligament in the knee, often sustaining damage alongside other structures
such as meniscal and collateral ligaments. MRI effectively identifies these associated injuries, although
diagnosing meniscal tears can be particularly difficult when the ACL is also injured, complicating accurate
assessment and treatment planning.
Objective: To evaluate ligamentous and meniscal tears of the knee joint using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MRI) and to determine the association of meniscal tears and anterior cruciate ligament tears.
Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Konaseema Institute of
Medical Sciences as per the eligibility criteria. The study was done from June 2023 to May 2024. All patients,
irrespective of age and gender, with imaging features of ligament and/or meniscal injuries who provided
informed consent were included.
Results: Most of the patients belonged to the age group 21 to 30 years. Among patients studied, 65% suffered
from an ACL tear, making it the most common, followed by a medial meniscal tear in 32.5%. A PCL tear was
observed in 25% of cases, while a lateral meniscal tear occurred in 20%. Both medial and lateral meniscal
tears were present together in 5% of cases. Additionally, medial collateral ligament tears were found in 12.5%,
and lateral collateral ligament tears were observed in 7.5% of patients.
The association between ACL and Meniscal tears is considered to be statistically significant as a greater
number of patients ACL tear had meniscal tears.
Conclusion: ACL tears are commonly associated with meniscal tears especially medial meniscus. Tears of the
menisci should be carefully looked for in the presence of ACL tear, since they are commonly associated with ACL tear and also MRI sensitivity in detection of meniscal injuries reduces in the presence of ACL tear.
‘Ergonomics Adjustments For Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain Patient’: A Case Study
Authors: Zangmo Pema
Published: January 2025

Background: Ergonomics aims to optimize work environments to align with individual physical capabilities,
particularly in healthcare settings where chronic low back pain is prevalent among professionals like dentists.
This study investigates the effects of ergonomic adjustments combined with conventional physiotherapy on a 30-
year-old female dentist suffering from chronic low back pain.
Method: The patient underwent an initial treatment phase focusing on stretching and strengthening exercises,
followed by a three-week period of ergonomic interventions targeting her workplace environment. Pain
intensity, functional status, and quality of life were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Oswestry
Disability Index, and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire.
Results: After four weeks, the patient's pain intensity decreased from 7/10 to 3/10, and her functional status
improved from 44% (severe disability) to 16% (mild disability). Significant enhancements in physical health
and environmental perceptions were noted, with WHOQOL-BREF scores indicating improved overall wellbeing.
Conclusion: The integration of ergonomic adjustments with physiotherapy significantly alleviated pain and improved functional capacity and quality of life for the patient, highlighting the importance of ergonomic principles in managing chronic low back pain in physically demanding professions
Factors predicting difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Gupta Prof Prashant , Lavania Prof Prashant , Shakya Prof JPS
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for gallbladder diseases. However, certain factors can
predict a challenging procedure. Identifying these factors preoperatively and intraoperatively can help in
managing expectations and improving patient outcomes.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the factors that predict a difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy,
focusing on both preoperative and intraoperative parameters.
Methodology:
A study was conducted on 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 2022 till
September 2023. Preoperative factors such as patient demographics, history of previous abdominal surgeries,
ultrasound findings, and laboratory results were evaluated. Intraoperative factors included adhesions,
inflammation, and anatomical variations. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of
these factors in predicting the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Results:
Out of 90 patients, 5 (55.5%) had difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Significant preoperative predictors
included male gender (p=0.01), BMI > 30 (p=0.02), previous upper abdominal surgery (p=0.03), and
gallbladder wall thickness > 4 mm on ultrasound (p=0.04). Intraoperative factors such as severe adhesions
(p=0.001) and unclear anatomy (p=0.002) were also significant predictors of difficulty.
Discussion:
The study highlights that both preoperative and intraoperative factors play a crucial role in predicting difficult
laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Preoperative predictors can aid in patient counseling and surgical planning.
Intraoperative findings necessitate surgical expertise and sometimes conversion to open cholecystectomy to
ensure patient safety.
Conclusion:
Identifying predictors of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy preoperatively and intraoperatively is essential
for optimal surgical planning and patient management. Surgeons should consider these factors to minimize complications and improve surgical outcomes. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are recommended to validate these findings.
Awareness, Attitude And Practices Towards Hospital Infection Control Among Doctors And Nurses In Obstetrics And Gynecology Department Of Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Naik Dr. Viraj Ramesh , Cardoso Dr. Muriel
Published: January 2025

Background: hai is a global burden.(2) it is mandatory that every person associated with providing health care
should have proper training , proper knowledge and follow proper practice in order reduce the burden of hai. (3)
Materials and methods: cross sectional descriptive study done at goa medical college for 3 months (1st august
2024 to 1st november 2024) with a structured questionnaire in the department of obg.
Results: in this study we had 70 participants, 42.85% belonged to age group of 20- 25 years. 70% participants
were doctors. 95.71% study participants have good knowledge about hospital acquired infections.
Conclusion: refresher trainings, courses, hospital standard operating procedures (sops) play important role in
making every health care worker even the new recruit aware of infection control policies. However surveillance also needs to be kept on hospital acquired infections (hai) and the appropriate authority needs to be notified timely so that necessary regulations can be formulated and performed effectively.
“A Study Of Recurrence In Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma After Surgical Management”
Authors: Shekhar Dr. Priyanshu , Katiyar Dr. Shailesh Kumar , Gupta Dr. Mahesh , Philip Dr. Roshin Mathew , Gupta Dr Pooja
Published: January 2025

Background: breast cancer being the 2nd most common malignancy in females requires special considerations
regarding the treatment modality in this modern era. However the various treatment regimes followed always
pause a dilemma regarding the recurrence rates followed by various surgical procedures.
Objective: To study the recurrence rates in LABC after surgical management.
Materials and Methods: Sixty patients from Rama Medical Hospital Kanpur were included, categorized into two
groups: Group A (toilet mastectomy followed by chemoradiation) and Group B (mastectomy with axillary
clearance or MRM followed by radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy).
Results: Recurrence rates were significantly higher in the toilet mastectomy group (33.33%) compared to the
MRM group (6.67%).
Conclusion: Most recurrences occurred within 6-10 months. Limitations include the lack of long-term follow-up
data. Future studies should address these limitations to better assess treatment durability and recurrence dynamics. The findings underscore the impact of surgical choice on recurrence rates in LABC, emphasizing the need for careful surgical planning
Assessing Visual Acuity, Impact Of Ocular And Systemic Factors Of Diabetic Retinopathy In Indian Population
Authors: Pillai Dr.Gopal S. , Sinha Dr. Bhibuti , C.S Dr.Sheeba , Ahmed Mr.Jamil , Jangid Dr. Poonam
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively analyze factors related to Diabetic Retinopathy (DR),
including visual acuity, DR prevalence, ocular comorbidities, and systemic diseases. It focuses on
categorizing visual acuity to assess DR severity using data from the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial
Network's (IOCTN) Retina Registry.
Method: The study includes a diverse patient population from urban and rural India, enrolled in the Retinal
Disease Registry of IOCTN. DR grading follows the ETDRS system and involves various ocular
assessments, including visual acuity, refractive assessments, intraocular pressure measurements, and
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans. SPSS software is used for statistical analysis, with
qualitative data presented as numbers and percentages, and quantitative data as mean values with standard
deviations.
Results: A study of 5421 individuals found 68.23% had diabetes, with 77.85% of them having diabetic
retinopathy (DR). DR patients, averaging 57 years with a 13-year diabetic duration, showed complications
like Diabetic Macular Edema (33.78%) and vitreous hemorrhage (22.25%). Advanced DR stages had
poorer vision, especially in Proliferative DR. Diabetic Macular Edema worsened visual outcomes,
emphasizing the need to manage advanced DR closely to prevent vision impairment.
Conclusion: The study analyzed Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) prevalence, visual outcomes, and
comorbidities impact. Vision outcomes in DR (PDR) correlated with severity. Increasing DR uniformly
decrease visual acuity. Ocular and systemic comorbidities played a role in vision impact. The findings stress the importance of holistic healthcare for DR patients, addressing both ocular and systemic factors to improve their quality of life.
Comparative Study Of Clinical Efficacy Of Chlorhexidine And Chlorhexidine Plus Hyaluronic Acid Mouthwashes In Patients Of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Dr Sirsha , Kaur Dr Ashish , Prajapati Dr Archana , Kasundra Dr Priya , Aazinfatima Dr
Published: January 2025

Background: The use of mouthwashes is an irreplaceable aspect of chemical plaque control due to its efficacy,
ease of use and patient acceptance. Although chlorhexidine has been considered the gold standard over the years,
the efficacy of hyaluronic acid is yet to be substantiated.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of chlorhexidine versus chlorhexidine
plus hyaluronic acid mouthwashes in patients of chronic periodontitis.
Method: 68 patients, diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis, enrolled in study after fulfilling the
inclusion criteria, underwent scaling and root planing (SRP). After which, patients in the control group (n=34)
were prescribed 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash while patients in the test group (n=34) were prescribed 0.2%
chlorhexidine plus 0.1% hyaluronic acid mouthwash after SRP. All clinical parameters were assessed at baseline
(T0) prior to SRP and then at 14 days (T1), except stain index which was again evaluated at 28 days (T2).
Result: After the comparative evaluation of the clinical parameters between the two groups at baseline and at 14
days, the results substantiated that the patients using chlorhexidine plus hyaluronic acid mouthwashes
demonstrated significant improvement in terms of reduction in pocket probing depth, plaque, gingival and
bleeding index while no significant intergroup differences could be appreciated in terms of the stain index at 28
days.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the heightened efficacy of hyaluronic acid is due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, bacteriostatic properties as well as its hygroscopic and biocompatible nature.
“A Study Of High-Resolution Ultrasound Of Pheripheral Nerves (Ulnar, Median, Common Peroneal And Tibial) In Diabetic Neuropathy And Its Correlation With Nerve Conduction Study”
Authors: Mittal Dr. M. K , Agrawal Dr. Sachin , Vishnoi Dr. Vishal , Dalal Dr. Umesh
Published: January 2025

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a prevalent complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects approximately 30% of those with diabetes, primarily impacting
the feet and legs, though it can also involve the arms and hands. Neuropathic pain in DPN can affect up to 30%
of patients, significantly impairing quality of life, increasing dependence on medication, and correlating with
higher morbidity and mortality rates.
Aims and Objective: To assess the cross-sectional area (CSA) of specific peripheral nerves—namely, the median
nerve at the wrist, ulnar nerve at the elbow, tibial nerve at the ankle, and common peroneal nerve at the knee—
in individuals suspected of having DPN. Additionally, it sought to investigate the correlation between CSA
measurements and nerve conduction studies (NCS), as well as to explore patterns of nerve involvement and
morphological changes in these peripheral nerves.
Material and Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at C.S.S. Hospital, affiliated with
S.V.S.U., from February 2023 to August 2024, with approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data were
gathered from 70 patients exhibiting symptoms of neuropathy, including both outpatient and inpatient cases.
High-resolution ultrasound and Nerve conduction study (NCV) of peripheral nerves was performed on patients
diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), based on clinical symptoms and HbA1c levels.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a positive correlation between increased cross-sectional areas (CSA) of
peripheral nerves and abnormalities in nerve conduction studies (NCS). Ultrasound (US) effectively detected
morphological changes in nerves before electrodiagnostic issues, indicating its potential for early DPN detection.
DPN patients had significantly higher CSA values than those without the condition.We observed distinct NCS patterns: lower limb nerves typically showed axonopathy, while upper limb nerves exhibited more demyelination, underscoring the greater impact on lower limbs in DPN
Antibiotic Utilization Patterns In Surgical Patients At A Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Study
Authors: M Dr. Aromal Kannan , Thomas Dr. Shibi Mary , Ramaiah Dr. Balakeshwa
Published: January 2025

Background: Antibiotics have significantly improved outcomes in surgical care, yet their overuse poses
challenges such as antibiotic resistance and increased healthcare costs. Effective antibiotic stewardship,
particularly in surgical settings, is crucial for optimizing outcomes and reducing resistance. This study aims to
evaluate antibiotic utilization patterns and adherence to prophylactic guidelines at a tertiary care hospital.
Objectives: The primary objective was to prospectively study antibiotic utilization in surgery at a tertiary care
hospital. Secondary objectives included assessing the prescribing patterns of antibiotic prophylaxis and analyzing
the duration of antibiotic use.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in the inpatient department at Tertiary care
Hospital. Data sources included inpatient case sheets, medication charts, nurse and physician notes, laboratory
investigation charts, and patient interviews. Inclusion criteria encompassed all in patients undergoing surgery,
while those with viral, fungal, or parasitic infections, pregnant women, outpatients, and patients not receiving
antibiotics were excluded.
Results: The study involved 70 patients, predominantly male (74.25%), with a mean age of 50.23 years.
Antibiotics were administered intravenously in 99.31% of cases, with Metronidazole (37.24%) and
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (22.75%) being the most commonly prescribed. The typical duration of antibiotic
therapy was 5-6 days. The chi-square test revealed no significant association between gender and antibiotic usage
(p=0.690). Beta-lactams were the most frequently used class, reflecting a reliance on broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Conclusion: This study reveals a significant reliance on intravenous and broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly
Beta-lactams, in surgical settings at a tertiary care hospital. The predominance of antibiotics like Metronidazole
and Piperacillin/Tazobactam, coupled with the typical therapy duration of 5-6 days, highlights the critical need
for optimized antibiotic stewardship. The lack of a significant association between gender and antibiotic use
suggests that the observed patterns are broadly applicable. Addressing these practices through targeted
interventions and adherence to guidelines is essential for improving patient outcomes, reducing antibiotic
resistance, and managing healthcare costs effectively. This research contributes valuable insights for refining antibiotic protocols and reinforces the global need for robust stewardship programs to sustain effective infection control and enhance overall healthcare quality.
The Effectiveness Of Chewable ToothbrushInReductionOf Dental Plaque Among Under-Graduate Students
Authors: Kadu Dr. Neetu , Sahar Shaikh Mariyah , MohammadFaizaan Tamboli , Bilal Shaikh Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fuzzy chewable toothbrushes in reducing dental
plaque among undergraduate students compared to traditional manual toothbrushes.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 participants, divided into two groups: one
using manual toothbrushes and the other using fuzzy chewable toothbrushes. The study included participants
aged 19 to 25 years, who had no history of periodontal disease or systemic health issues. Plaque levels were
measured at four time intervals: before brushing, immediately after brushing, after 6 hours, and after 12 hours.
Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA to compare plaque scores between
the two groups.
Results: The study found significant differences in plaque reduction between the two groups at all time points (p
< 0.001). The manual toothbrush group showed a higher baseline plaque index (1.25) compared to the
chewable group (0.79). After 12 hours, the manual group had a plaque index of 2.71, while the chewable group
maintained a lower index of 0.71. The chewable toothbrush demonstrated a more consistent reduction in plaque
levels over time.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that chewable toothbrushes can be an effective alternative to manual
toothbrushes for plaque reduction among undergraduate students. Their ease of use may encourage better oral hygiene practices, highlighting the importance of integrating innovative tools into oral health education
Circulating Dengue Virus Serotypes In Kolkata And Adjacent Districts During 2022-2024
Authors: Biswas Dr. Aritra , Bhattacharyya Chandrani , Paul Dr. Dipankar , Ray Prof. (Dr.) Raja
Published: January 2025

Background: Dengue Viral fever is a major cause of concern and one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality especially in tropical and subtropical countries. These viruses can lead to various illnesses ranging
from mild to more severe conditions.
Materials and methods: A total of 1114 Dengue NS1 positive samples (482 hospitalized patients from IPGME&RSSKM hospital, 328 and 304 patients from South 24 pgs and Howrah district hospitals respectively) were
collected from October 2022 to October 2024 for Dengue serotyping study.
Results: Out of total 887 Dengue serotype detectable samples, 32 tested positives for DENV-1 (3.60%), 545 for
DENV-2 (61.44%), 271 for DENV-3 (30.55%) and 4.39% (N=39) for DENV-4. As per our study, DENV-2 was
major circulating stain from 2022 onwards up to 2024 followed by DENV-3 (30.55 %). DENV-1 (3.06%) and
DENV-4 (4.39%) were mainly seen in the year 2024.We also observed that from June onwards in every year
Dengue infection gradually increases and high peak was seen in the month of October and November in three
consecutive years.
Conclusion: For Dengue serotype detection, Real Time PCR is the gold standard method with high sensitivity
and specificity. We can detect multiple serotypes in the single tube Multiplex Real Time PCR method in a very
short period of time. Policymakers, physicians, and other healthcare professionals will benefit from this study to regulate vector-borne virus outbreaks and employ molecular techniques for early detection.
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome – Case Report
Authors: Eswaramoorthy Malarmathi , Manoharan Murali Gopika
Published: January 2025

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features,
delayed growth, and limb abnormalities. In 1916, Dr. W. Brachmann described the first case of this syndrome
but in 1933 Cornelia de Lange, a Dutch pediatrician from Amsterdam was the first to report about two cases of
this syndrome. It is also called Brachmann de Lange syndrome, Amsterdam dwarfism, Bushy syndrome.
Craniofacial features commonly associated with CdLS include synophrys (joined eyebrows), arched eyebrows,
long eyelashes, and microcephaly. The exact incidence is uncertain, but it is estimated to be 1 in 10,000
individuals, with no racial predilection. While most cases occur sporadically, familial transmission with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern has been documented. A case of an 8-year-old girl with CdLS, exhibiting the typical facial and physical features of the syndrome, is reported herewith.
Beyond The Surface: Morgagni Hernia Masquerading As Pneumonia
Authors: Rao Dr. G.Sambasiva , Sama Dr. Surya , Uppili Dr. Gouthami , Phani Dr. Goutham
Published: January 2025

Morgagni hernias are a rare form of congenital diaphragmatic hernias that account for 2-3 % of all types of
diaphragmatic hernias 1
. The herniation occurs through a defect in the Morgagni foramen, situated in the anterior
part of the diaphragm 2
. The contents of the abdomen herniate through this foramen. Usually, Morgagni hernia
occurs very early in life, either a few hours after birth or during the antenatal period 3
. Diagnosis of this condition
is rare in the case of adults. We report a case of a 55-year-old female with a 6-month history of chronic recurrent cough and dyspnoea who has been treated with multiple courses of antibiotics for pneumonia but was later diagnosed with Morgagni hernia and treated accordingly.
Impact Of Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy On Claudication Pain And Wound Healing In Diabetic Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Islam Md. Anwarul , Islam Md. Rashedul , Ibrahim Farzana Bilqis , Akand Md. Morshed Uddin , Rahman Shareen
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common and challenging complication in patients with diabetes,
often leading to pain, delayed wound healing, and in severe cases, limb amputation. This study aimed to assess
the impact of platelet-rich plasma therapy on claudication pain and wound healing in diabetic patients with
peripheral arterial disease.
Methods: This single-center, observational study investigated the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma
(PRP) on pain reduction and wound healing in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and foot
ulcers. The study took place in the Department of Plastic Surgery, AIMS Hospital, Dhaka, and included 50
patients with diabetic foot ulceration and confirmed PAD who received PRP treatment between January 2021
and December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups (25 in each) based on the severity of their PAD,
classified by the Fontaine classification: Group A: Patients with mild-to-moderate PAD (Fontaine stages I, IIa,
and IIb), Group B: Patients with severe PAD (Fontaine stages III and IV). data were analysed by SPSS (Statistical
Package for Social Sciences).
Result: This study found that patients with mild-to-moderate PAD (Group A) showed better outcomes with PRP
treatment than those with severe PAD (Group B). Group A experienced fewer PRP sessions, greater pain
reduction, and higher ulcer healing rates (>50% in 87% of cases vs. 70% in Group B). Limb salvage was high
in both groups (92% in Group A, 88% in Group B), but Group A also had higher patient satisfaction and lower
amputation rates. Overall, PRP showed promise as a treatment for diabetic foot ulcers, especially in patients
with less severe PAD.
Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) significantly improves ulcer healing and pain reduction in diabetic foot
ulcer patients, with better outcomes observed in patients with mild-to-moderate peripheral arterial disease
(PAD). Despite the presence of severe PAD in some patients, PRP still proved to be a valuable adjunct, with a
high limb salvage rate (90%) and significant ulcer healing (>50%) in both groups. These results suggest that PRP can be an effective treatment option for diabetic foot ulcers, even in patients with unreconstructable arterial disease
An Ectopic Maxillary Central Incisor Causing Nasal Obstruction: A Rare Case Report
Authors: C Dr. Shabina Jasmine. , A Dr. Roshni. , Jose Dr. Anu
Published: January 2025

Surgical removal of impacted teeth in the nasal floor poses a unique challenge due to their close proximity to
vital structures. This case report describes the successful surgical removal of an impacted maxillary incisor
from the nasal floor using a transoral approach. An 18-year-old male presented with missing right maxillary
central incisor. Imaging studies revealed an obliquely impacted maxillary right central incisor crown appears
to be placed labially in relation to upper right central incisor region extending beyond the floor of nasal
cavity.The surgical procedure involved a transoral approach to access and remove the impacted maxillary incisor from the nasal floor. Intraoperative findings, technique, and postoperative care are detailed in the case report.
Self-Harm And Borderline Personality Disorder: About A Clinical Case
Authors: Kaddaf Anouar , Hammani Zakaria , Kadiri Mohamed
Published: January 2025

The most common type of personality disorder is known as borderline personality disorder (BDL), which is also
linked to an elevated risk of committing suicide. Patients who suffer from this personality disorder typically
engage in self-aggressive behaviors, such as attempting suicide (SU) and purposely inflicting injury on
themselves. Despite this, there is a great deal of controversy on the links between self-inflicted harm and suicidal
behaviors in BDL. Some authors believe that self-mutilation is a preventative technique against suicide, and they
advocate for its use. The presence of others constitutes a substantial risk factor for suicide behavior and ought to
be treated with serious consequences. Through the use of a clinical case study and a review of the relevant
literature, we will make an effort to shine light on this relationship in order to draw attention to the issue of selfmutilation, what it looks like, and how critical it is to get assistance as soon as possible.
Endoscopy Assisted Retrieval Of Accidental Oro-Antral/ Oro-Nasal Displacement Of Roots – A Report Of 2 Cases And Review Of Literature.
Authors: KG Madhumithra , R Manikandhan , Thomas Titus K , AI Raj
Published: January 2025

Background: Due to the proximity of palatal and buccal roots of upper premolars and molars to the maxillary
sinus, apical displacement of root fragments to the antrum is common in dental practice. This article explains the
possible anatomical variations and immediate management of retrieval of roots displaced into the antrum/ nasal
cavity by the novel endoscopic approach rather than conventional removal. Clinical parameters like the size of
the defect, position of the foreign body, and access to the anatomical location are imperative to be noted before
choosing an approach for retrieval. Endoscopes had wide applications in the maxillofacial field, by utilizing that
one can provide, minimally invasive and negligible surgical morbidity to the patient. A literature review is included to explain various retrieval techniques and the advantages and pitfalls of each procedure.