bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIRAEA COSTARICENSIS AND H. POLYANTHA, TWO NEW SPECIES OF MALPIGHIACEAE, AND CIRCUMSCRIPTION OF H. QUAPARA AND H. SMILACINA
Authors: Anderson C.
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Malpighiaceae are proposed: Hiraea costaricensis C.E.Anderson and H. polyantha C.E.Anderson. Hiraea costaricensis is characterised by the presence of basifixed hairs on the stems and leaves; H. polyantha, of Colombia, is distinctive in its large inflorescences, composed of c.100 flowers. Collections of the novelties had been associated with Hiraea smilacina Standl., a species that traditionally had been thought conspecific with H. quapara (Aubl.) Sprague; they are immediately separated by their fruits. In Hiraea smilacina the schizocarps break into three butterfly-shaped samaras, as is typical for the genus. The fruit of Hiraea quapara is spherical, composed of three mericarps covered by a network of reduced winglets. Hiraea smilacina is found from southern Mexico through Central America, except El Salvador and Nicaragua, and has been collected also in Colombia and Ecuador. Hiraea quapara is known mainly from French Guiana, with one collection from adjacent Suriname and two from Amapá, Brazil. All taxa are fully described and illustrated.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL TURN IN NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS: JOHN KRUTILLA AND “CONSERVATION RECONSIDERED”
Authors: Banzhaf H. Spencer
Published: March 2019

Environmentalism in the United States historically has been divided into its utilitarian and preservationist impulses, represented by Gifford Pinchot and John Muir, respectively. Pinchot advocated conservation of natural resources to be used for human purposes; Muir advocated protection from humans, for nature’s own sake. In the first half of the twentieth century, natural resource economics was firmly in Pinchot’s side of that schism. That position began to change as the postwar environmental movement gained momentum. In particular, John Krutilla, an economist at Resources for the Future, pushed economics to the point that it could embrace Muir’s vision as well as Pinchot’s. Krutilla argued that if humans preferred a preserved state to a developed one, then such preferences were every bit as “economic.” Either way, there were opportunity costs and an economic choice to be made.
Wideband out-of-phase power dividers with improved isolation performance
Authors: Song Kaijun , Xia Fei , Chen Yuxuan , Zhu Yu , Li Jiawei , Fan Yong
Published: March 2019

A compact wideband out-of-phase power divider (PD) with improved isolation performance is proposed. This divider is formed by connecting an additional stub for isolation to output ports of a traditional Marchand balun with a defected ground structure (DGS) been used. To verify the design, a prototype divider is fabricated and tested. The measured results validate the 53.86% band-width centered at 3.43 GHz with more than 15 dB return loss at all ports, more than 17 dB isolation, respectively.
Effect of rate and timing of indaziflam on ‘Sunbelt’ and muscadine grape
Authors: Basinger Nicholas T. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Mitchem Wayne E.
Published: March 2019

Studies were conducted at six locations across North Carolina to determine tolerance of ‘Sunbelt’ grape (bunch grape) and muscadine grape (‘Carlos’, ‘Triumph’, ‘Summit’) to indaziflam herbicide. Treatments included indaziflam (0, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied alone in April, and sequential applications of indaziflam (36, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied in April followed by the same rate applied in June. No crop injury was observed across locations. Muscadine yield was not affected by herbicide treatments. Yield of ‘Sunbelt’ grape increased with sequential applications of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1when compared to a single application of indaziflam at 50 g ha–1or flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1in 2015. Sequential applications of flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1reduced ‘Sunbelt’ yield compared to a single application of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1in 2016. Trunk cross-sectional area was unaffected by herbicide treatments. Fruit quality (soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and pH) for muscadine and bunch grape was not affected by herbicide treatments. Indaziflam was safe to use at registered rates and could be integrated into weed management programs for southern US vineyards.
Antihypertensive Therapie bei Niereninsuffizienz: welche Zielwerte, wie erreichen?
Authors: Bock Andreas
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Senkung des sitzend gemessenen Praxisblutdrucks ist auch bei Niereninsuffizienz der primäre Zielparameter zur Verminderung des kardiovaskulären Risikos. Da der physiologische nächtliche Blutdruckabfall («Dipping») bei Niereninsuffizienz oft fehlt, so dass der nächtliche Blutdruck teilweise höher liegt als am Tag, muss die Indikation zur 24-Stunden-Blutdruckmessung liberal gestellt werden. Der Praxisblutdruck soll zwischen 130 bis 139 mm Hg systolisch / 80 bis 89 mm Hg diastolisch liegen, der mittlere 24-Stunden-Blutdruck 10 mm Hg tiefer. Bei Nierenkrankheiten mit relevanter Proteinurie (> 0.5 – 1.0 g / 24 h) und bei Diabetikern mit Mikroalbuminurie (> 30 mg / 24 h) ist deren Reduktion ein zusätzliches Therapieziel, um progredienten Nierenfunktionsverlust zu verhindern. Liegt nach Erreichung der «kardiovaskulären» Blutdruckzielwerte immer noch eine relevante Proteinurie oder (bei Diabetes) Mikroalbuminurie vor, soll eine weitere Senkung des Blutdrucks versucht werden, falls dies toleriert wird: vermieden werden müssen Orthostase / Synkopen und diastolische Blutdruckwerte < 70). Der Nutzen einer Senkung auf < 130 systolisch ist auch bei eGFR < 20 ml / min / 1.73m2 nicht gezeigt. Wegen der zentralen Rolle von Zufuhr und Ausscheidung von Kochsalz bei der Pathogenese der Hypertonie bei Niereninsuffizienz müssen habituelle Salz-Überkonsumenten (mehr als etwa 9 g / 24 h) von dieser Gewohnheit abgebracht werden. Aus dem gleichen Grund sind Diuretika für die Blutdruckeinstellung bei Niereninsuffizienz obligat, auch bei fehlenden Zeichen der Volumenexpansion. Thiaziddiuretika müssen unterhalb einer eGFR von etwa 30 ml / min / 1.73 m2 durch Schleifendiuretika (Torasemid) ersetzt oder ergänzt werden. SGLT2-Hemmer wirken bei Diabetikern mit einer eGFR > 30 ml / min / 1.73 m2 adjuvant diuretisch. ACE-Hemmer und A2R-Blocker sind bei Proteinurien > 0.5 bis 1.0 g / 24 h und bei Diabetikern mit Mikroalbuminurie obligat, nicht jedoch in den anderen Fällen. Fast immer sind mindestens 2 Antihypertensiva notwendig; zumindest eines davon sollte abends eingenommen werden.
Prävention externaler Störungen – zum Stand der Forschung
Authors: Görtz-Dorten Anja , Hanisch Charlotte , Hautmann Christopher , Döpfner Manfred
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Da externale Störungen (Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörungen, Störungen des Sozialverhaltens) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen häufig auftreten, im Entwicklungsverlauf stabil sind und mit starken individuellen Belastungen sowie hohen volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten einhergehen, wird die Prävention externaler Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter immer bedeutsamer. Methodik: Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst den Stand der Forschung anhand von ausgewählten aktuellen Metaanalysen und systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten zusammen. Zusätzlich sollen exemplarisch Ergebnisse zur Prävention externaler Störungen aus dem deutschen Sprachraum aufgeführt werden. Ergebnisse: Wie bei der Therapie sollten auch bei der Prävention multimodale Ansätze bevorzugt werden, welche auf die Verminderung externaler Symptome in spezifischen Lebensbereichen abzielen. Dabei sollten umfeldzentrierten Interventionen, die in der Familie und im Kindergarten/in der Schule ansetzen, der Vorzug gegenüber kindzentrierten Interventionen gegeben werden. Kindzentrierte Interventionen sollten v. a. dann eingesetzt werden, wenn der Fokus auf der Bearbeitung von externalen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Kontext von Gleichaltrigen liegt. Schlussfolgerung: Flächendeckende kindergarten- und schulbasierte Maßnahmen, die auch kindzentrierte Ansätze und Gruppenangebote für Eltern einschließen, sollten zur Prävention externaler Verhaltensstörungen umgesetzt und in groß angelegten Studien in ihrer Wirksamkeit in der Routineanwendung geprüft werden.
Nichtsuizidale Selbstverletzung im Zusammenhang mit den Achsen Struktur und Beziehung nach der OPD-KJ-2
Authors: Pokieser Viktoria , Fliedl Rainer , Zajec Karin , Singer Verena
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Nichtsuizidale Selbstverletzung (NSSV) im Zusammenhang mit der psychischen Struktur sowie inter- und intrapersoneller Beziehungsgestaltungen. Zur Erfassung der Beziehungsdynamiken und der psychischen Struktur wurden die Achsen Struktur und Beziehung nach der OPD-KJ-2 (Operationalisierte Psychodynamische Diagnostik im Kindes- und Jugendalter) eingesetzt, zur Erfassung der NSSV wurde das MOUSI (Modifiziertes Ottawa/Ulm Selbstverletzungsinventar) angewendet. Es wurden insgesamt 40 jugendpsychiatrische Patienten, überwiegend in stationärer Behandlung, als Stichprobe herangezogen, wobei 20 Jugendliche mit und 20 Jugendliche ohne NSSV in Hinblick auf die Achsen Struktur und Beziehung miteinander verglichen wurden. Zwischen den Untersuchungsgruppen zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Achse Struktur. In Bezug auf die Beziehungsachse konnten mehrere Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen festgestellt werden. Jugendliche mit NSSV nahmen beispielsweise insgesamt in einem höheren Ausmaß liebevoll Einfluss auf andere und reagierten in Interaktionen offener auf ihr Gegenüber als Jugendliche ohne NSSV. In der Beziehung zu sich selbst wurden Jugendliche mit NSSV häufiger als sich quälend und vorwurfsvoll eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass die Beziehungsachse der OPD-KJ-2 hilfreiche Informationen dafür liefern kann, welche Beziehungsaspekte bei der Behandlung von NSSV beachtet werden sollten.
Ocean Acidification Regulates the Activity, Community Structure, and Functional Potential of Heterotrophic Bacterioplankton in an Oligotrophic Gyre
Authors: Xia Xiaomin , Wang Yu , Yang Yunlan , Luo Tingwei , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Zhou Jizhong , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2019

Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of increased global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems. Its effects on bacterioplankton activity, diversity, and community composition have received considerable attention. However, the direct impact of OA on heterotrophic bacterioplankton is often masked by the significant response of phytoplankton due to the close coupling of heterotrophic bacterioplankton and autotrophs. Here we investigated the responses of a heterotrophic bacterioplankton assemblage to high pCO2 (790‐ppm) treatment in warm tropical western Pacific waters by conducting a microcosm experiment in dark for 12 days. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton abundance and production were enhanced by OA over the first 6 days of incubation, while the diversity and species richness were negatively affected. Bacterioplankton community composition in the high pCO2 treatment changed faster than that in the control. The molecular ecological network analysis showed that the elevated CO2 changed the overall connections among the bacterial community and resulted in a simple network under high CO2 condition. Species‐specific responses to OA were observed and could be attributed to the different life strategies and to the ability of a given species to adapt to environmental conditions. In addition, high‐throughput functional gene array analysis revealed that genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling were positively affected by acidification. Together, our findings suggest that OA has direct effects on heterotrophic bacterioplankton in a low‐latitude warm ocean and may therefore affect global biogeochemical cycles.
Reply to comment by Kong et al. on “Appropriate Boundary Condition for Dupuit‐Boussinesq Theory on the Steady Groundwater Flow in an Unconfined Sloping Aquifer With Uniform Recharge”
Authors: Wu Ying‐Hsin , Sayama Takahiro , Nakakita Eiichi
Published: March 2019

The article aims to respond a comment made on our paper about appropriate boundary condition for the original Dupuit‐Boussinesq theory for two‐dimensional steady groundwater flow in an unconfined sloping aquifer with uniform rainfall recharge. To respond to the comments arguing the existence of lateral groundwater flows and negative groundwater table, clarifications are made for our analysis focusing on two‐dimensional groundwater flow without considering lateral effects by using the original and classical approximate theory.
Modelling microbiome recovery after antibiotics using a stability landscape framework
Authors: Shaw Liam P , Bassam Hassan , Barnes Chris P , Walker A Sarah , Klein Nigel , Balloux Francois
Published: March 2019

Treatment with antibiotics is one of the most extreme perturbations to the human microbiome. Even standard courses of antibiotics dramatically reduce the microbiome’s diversity and can cause transitions to dysbiotic states. Conceptually, this is often described as a ‘stability landscape’: the microbiome sits in a landscape with multiple stable equilibria, and sufficiently strong perturbations can shift the microbiome from its normal equilibrium to another state. However, this picture is only qualitative and has not been incorporated in previous mathematical models of the effects of antibiotics. Here, we outline a simple quantitative model based on the stability landscape concept and demonstrate its success on real data. Our analytical impulse-response model has minimal assumptions with three parameters. We fit this model in a Bayesian framework to data from a previous study of the year-long effects of short courses of four common antibiotics on the gut and oral microbiomes, allowing us to compare parameters between antibiotics and microbiomes, and further validate our model using data from another study looking at the impact of a combination of last-resort antibiotics on the gut microbiome. Using Bayesian model selection we find support for a long-term transition to an alternative microbiome state after courses of certain antibiotics in both the gut and oral microbiomes. Quantitative stability landscape frameworks are an exciting avenue for future microbiome modelling.
Active and diverse viruses persist in the deep sub-seafloor sediments over thousands of years
Authors: Cai Lanlan , Jørgensen Bo B , Suttle Curtis A , He Maoqiu , Cragg Barry A , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2019

Viruses are ubiquitous and cause significant mortality in marine bacterial and archaeal communities. Little is known about the role of viruses in the sub-seafloor biosphere, which hosts a large fraction of all microbes on Earth. We quantified and characterized viruses in sediments from the Baltic Sea. The results show that the Baltic Sea sub-seafloor biosphere harbors highly abundant viruses with densities up to 1.8 × 1010 viruses cm−3. High potential viral production down to 37 meters below seafloor in ca. 6000-years-old sediments and infected prokaryotic cells visible by transmission electron microscopy demonstrate active viral infection. Morphological and molecular data indicate that the highly diverse community of viruses includes both allochthonous input from the overlying seawater and autochthonous production. The detection of cyanophage-like sequences showed that viruses of phototrophic hosts may persist in marine sediments for thousands of years. Our results imply that viruses influence sub-seafloor microbial community dynamics and thereby affect biogeochemical processes in the sub-seafloor biosphere.
TLP-mediated global transcriptional repression after double-strand DNA breaks slows down DNA repair and induces apoptosis
Authors: Suzuki Hidefumi , Okamoto-Katsuyama Mayumi , Suwa Tetsufumi , Maeda Ryo , Tamura Taka-aki , Yamaguchi Yuki
Published: March 2019

Transcription and DNA damage repair act in a coordinated manner. Recent studies have shown that double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) are repaired in a transcription-coupled manner. Active transcription results in a faster recruitment of DSB repair factors and expedites DNA repair. On the other hand, transcription is repressed by DNA damage through multiple mechanisms. We previously reported that TLP, a TATA box-binding protein (TBP) family member that functions as a transcriptional regulator, is also involved in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which TLP affects DNA damage response was largely unknown. Here we show that TLP-mediated global transcriptional repression after DSBs is crucial for apoptosis induction by DNA-damaging agents such as etoposide and doxorubicin. Compared to control cells, TLP-knockdown cells were resistant to etoposide-induced apoptosis and exhibited an elevated level of global transcription after etoposide exposure. DSBs were efficiently removed in transcriptionally hyperactive TLP-knockdown cells. However, forced transcriptional shutdown using transcriptional inhibitors α-amanitin and 5,6-dichloro-1-ß-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) slowed down DSB repair and resensitized TLP-knockdown cells to etoposide. Taken together, these results indicate that TLP is a critical determinant as to how cells respond to DSBs and triggers apoptosis to cells that have sustained DNA damage.
DNAJB3 attenuates metabolic stress and promotes glucose uptake by eliciting Glut4 translocation
Authors: Arredouani Abdelilah , Diane Abdoulaye , Khattab Namat , Bensmail Ilham , Aoude Imad , Chikri Mohamed , Mohammad Ramzi , Abou-Samra Abdul Badi , Dehbi Mohammed
Published: March 2019

Failure of the heat shock response is a key event that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We recently showed that DNAJB3 co-chaperone is downregulated in obese and diabetic patients and that physical exercise restores its normal expression with a significant improvement of the clinical outcomes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DNAJB3 has a role in improving the sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake. In co-immunoprecipitation assays, DNAJB3 interacts with both JNK1 and IKKβ kinases. However, the functional impact of such interaction on their activities has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the effect of DNAJB3 on the respective activity of JNK1 and IKKβ in cell-based assays. Using JNK1- and IKKβ-dependent luciferase reporters, we show a marked decrease in luciferase activity by DNAJB3 in response to PMA and TNF-α that was consistent with a decrease in the translocation of p65/NF-κB to the nucleus in response to LPS. Furthermore, TNF-α-mediated IL-6 promoter activation and endogenous mRNA expression are significantly abrogated by DNAJB3 both in 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells. The ability of DNAJB3 to mitigate ER stress and oxidative stress was also investigated and our data show a significant improvement of both forms of stress. Finally, we examined the effect of overexpressing and knocking down the expression of DNAJB3 on glucose uptake in C2C12 as well as the molecular determinants. Accordingly, we provide evidence for a role of DNAJB3 in promoting both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our finding reveals also a novel role of DNAJB3 in eliciting Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These results suggest a physiological role of DNAJB3 in mitigating metabolic stress and improving glucose homeostasis and could therefore represent a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
NK Cell-Mediated Processing Of Chlamydia psittaci Drives Potent Anti-Bacterial Th1 Immunity
Authors: Radomski Nadine , Franzke Kati , Matthiesen Svea , Karger Axel , Knittler Michael R.
Published: March 2019

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells critically involved in the early immune response against various pathogens including chlamydia. Here, we demonstrate that chlamydia-infected NK cells prevent the intracellular establishment and growth of the bacteria. Upon infection, they display functional maturation characterized by enhanced IFN-γ secretion, CD146 induction, PKCϴ activation, and granule secretion. Eventually, chlamydia are released in a non-infectious, highly immunogenic form driving a potent Th1 immune response. Further, anti-chlamydial antibodies generated during immunization neutralize the infection of epithelial cells. The release of chlamydia from NK cells requires PKCϴ function and active degranulation, while granule-associated granzyme B drives the loss of chlamydial infectivity. Cellular infection and bacterial release can be undergone repeatedly and do not affect NK cell function. Strikingly, NK cells passing through such an infection cycle significantly improve their cytotoxicity. Thus, NK cells not only protect themselves against productive chlamydial infections but also actively trigger potent anti-bacterial responses.
Bacteriophage T4 capsid as a nanocarrier for Peptide-N-Glycosidase F immobilization through self-assembly
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Pei , Wang Chang , Wu Yike , Feng Xiaojun , Huang He , Ren Lujing , Liu Bi-Feng , Gao Song , Liu Xin
Published: March 2019

Enzyme immobilization is widely applied in biocatalysis to improve stability and facilitate recovery and reuse of enzymes. However, high cost of supporting materials and laborious immobilization procedures has limited its industrial application and commercialization. In this study, we report a novel self-assembly immobilization system using bacteriophage T4 capsid as a nanocarrier. The system utilizes the binding sites of the small outer capsid protein, Soc, on the T4 capsid. Enzymes as Soc fusions constructed with regular molecular cloning technology expressed at the appropriate time during phage assembly and self-assembled onto the capsids. The proof of principle experiment was carried out by immobilizing β-galactosidase, and the system was successfully applied to the immobilization of an important glycomics enzyme, Peptide-N-Glycosidase F. Production of Peptide-N-Glycosidase F and simultaneous immobilization was finished within seven hours. Characterizations of the immobilized Peptide-N-Glycosidase F indicated high retention of activity and well reserved deglycosylation capacity. The immobilized Peptide-N-Glycosidase F was easily recycled by centrifugation and exhibited good stability that sustained five repeated uses. This novel system uses the self-amplified T4 capsid as the nanoparticle-type of supporting material, and operates with a self-assembly procedure, making it a simple and low-cost enzyme immobilization technology with promising application potentials.
Sensitive CVG-AFS/ICP-MS label-free nucleic acid and protein assays based on a selective cation exchange reaction and simple filtration separation
Authors: Chen Piaopiao , Huang Ke , Dai Rui , Sawyer Erica , Sun Ke , Ying Binwu , Wei Xiawei , Geng Jia
Published: March 2019

Sensitive CVG-AFS/ICP-MS label-free nucleic acid and protein assays based on a selective cation exchange reaction and simple filtration separation.
Protein corona formed on silver nanoparticles in blood plasma is highly selective and resistant to physicochemical changes of the solution
Authors: Gorshkov Vladimir , Bubis Julia A. , Solovyeva Elizaveta M. , Gorshkov Mikhail V. , Kjeldsen Frank
Published: March 2019

Highlighted are the protein properties determining protein binding to the silver nanoparticle surface.
Intercomparison measurements of two 33S-enriched sulfur isotope standards
Authors: Geng L. , Savarino J. , Caillon N. , Gautier E. , Farquhar J. , Dottin III J. W. , Magalhães N. , Hattori S. , Ishino S. , Yoshida N. , Albarède F. , Albalat E. , Cartigny P. , Ono S. , Thiemens M. H.
Published: March 2019

Isotopic compositions of two S-33 enriched sulfur standards were assessed for the normalization of Δ33S and Δ36S data, to fulfill the need of accurate message extraction from S-MIF signals in atmospheric and geological samples.
DANPY (dimethylaminonaphthylpyridinium): an economical and biocompatible fluorophore
Authors: Johnson Lewis E. , Kingsbury Jason S. , Elder Delwin L. , Cattolico Rose Ann , Latimer Luke N. , Hardin William , De Meulenaere Evelien , Deodato Chloe , Depotter Griet , Madabushi Sowmya , Bigelow Nicholas W. , Smolarski Brittany A. , Hougen Trevor K. , Kaminsky Werner , Clays Koen , Robinson Bruce H.
Published: March 2019

DANPY-1 is a prototype for a family of NLO-active, low-toxicity fluorescent dyes for biological imaging and biophotonics.
Hexagonal polypyrrole nanosheets from interface driven heterogeneous hybridization and self-assembly for photothermal cancer treatment
Authors: Guan Haidi , Ding Tao , Zhou Wei , Wang Zhenqiang , Zhang Jixi , Cai Kaiyong
Published: March 2019

Hexagonal-shaped polypyrrole (PPy) nanosheets were fabricated by the generation and anisotropic self-assembly of FeOOH–PPy heterostructures for photothermal cancer treatment.
PBLG as a versatile liquid crystalline medium for anisotropic NMR data acquisition
Authors: Ndukwe Ikenna E. , Wang Xiao , Pelczer István , Reibarkh Mikhail , Williamson R. Thomas , Liu Yizhou , Martin Gary E.
Published: March 2019

The chiral nematic phase of poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate (PBLG) formed in a chloroform–DMSO co-solvent system can be used as a versatile alignment medium for the acquisition of high quality anisotropic NMR data for molecules of varying polarities.
A metal- and oxidizing-reagent-free anodic para-selective amination of anilines with phenothiazines
Authors: Wu Yan-Chen , Jiang Shuai-Shuai , Song Ren-Jie , Li Jin-Heng
Published: March 2019

A highly para-selective amination of anilines with phenothiazines for producing various functionalized 10-aryl-10H-phenothiazines is reported.
Potential to stabilize 16-vertex tetrahedral coinage-metal cluster architectures related to Au20
Authors: Gam Franck , Arratia-Perez Ramiro , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro
Published: March 2019

DFT calculations were carried out on a series of tetrahedral 16-atom superatomic clusters having 20 or 18 jellium electrons (je) and structurally related to Au20.
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of color expression in anthocyanins
Authors: Rusishvili Mariami , Grisanti Luca , Laporte Sara , Micciarelli Marco , Rosa Marta , Robbins Rebecca J. , Collins Tom , Magistrato Alessandra , Baroni Stefano
Published: March 2019

The complex behavior underlying color expression in this broad family of natural dyes is revealed through multi-scale simulations in excellent agreement with experimental spectra.
Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction performance of size-controlled Pt nanoparticles on polypyrrole-functionalized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ichihashi Kentaro , Muratsugu Satoshi , Miyamoto Shota , Sakamoto Kana , Ishiguro Nozomu , Tada Mizuki
Published: March 2019

Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction performances were achieved on size-controlled Pt nanoparticle catalysts prepared by the copolymerization of a Pt4-pyrrole complex and pyrrole monomer in the presence of multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
Investigating palladium pincer complexes in catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphination and hydroarsination
Authors: Tay Wee Shan , Yang Xiang-Yuan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak-Hing
Published: March 2019

A repurposing of established Pd(ii)-based hydrophosphination catalysts for the catalytic asymmetric hydroarsination reaction.
A stochastic analysis based on a one-dimensional random walk model of the persistent phosphorescence of Mn2+ ions doped in zinc magnesium phosphate
Authors: Ikegaya Kai , Yamada Shigeki , Shinozaki Kazuteru
Published: March 2019

The persistent phosphorescence of β-Zn3(PO4)2:Mn2+ and γ-(Zn2+,Mg2+)3(PO4)2:Mn2+ systems showing long-tailed non-exponential decay is simulated via stochastic analysis using electron hopping between traps.
Lithium triethylborohydride as catalyst for solvent-free hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Kuciński Krzysztof , Hreczycho Grzegorz
Published: March 2019

Lithium triethylborohydride as an efficient and easily accessible catalyst for hydroboration of numerous carbonyls under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.
Large-scale synthesis of azine-linked covalent organic frameworks in water and promoted by water
Authors: Lu Jian , Lin Feng , Wen Qiang , Qi Qiao-Yan , Xu Jia-Qiang , Zhao Xin
Published: March 2019

A hydrothermal procedure has been developed to synthesize covalent organic frameworks in water with the advantages of large-scale production, short reaction time, catalyst-free reaction, and improved product quality.
Visible-light promoted aerobic difunctionalization of alkenes with sulfonyl hydrazides for the synthesis of β-keto/hydroxyl sulfones
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Yulan , Gong Xinchi , Meng Yunge , Zhu Chunyin
Published: March 2019

A practical method has been developed for the conversion of alkenes to β-keto/hydroxyl sulfones by their reaction with sulfonyl hydrazides under metal-free conditions.
Highly efficient enantioselective synthesis of bispiro[benzofuran-oxindole-pyrrolidine]s through organocatalytic cycloaddition
Authors: Li Boyu , Gao Fengyun , Feng Xing , Sun Mengmeng , Guo Yifei , Wen Dongwa , Deng Yabo , Huang Jinqi , Wang Kairong , Yan Wenjin
Published: March 2019

The first organocatalyzed [3 + 2] cyclisation of N-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines with aurones has been developed.
Correction: Reactions of 2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin with aniline derivatives
Authors: Ren Demin , Liu Bin , Li Xiaofang , Koniarz Sebastian , Pawlicki Miłosz , Chmielewski Piotr J.
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Reactions of 2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin with aniline derivatives’ by Demin Ren, et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00024k.
Correction: Functionalisable acyclic cucurbiturils
Authors: Bauer Daniel , Andrae Beatrice , Gaß Patrick , Trenz Danjano , Becker Sabine , Kubik Stefan
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Functionalisable acyclic cucurbiturils’ by Daniel Bauer et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/C9QO00156E.
Synchronous reluctance six‐phase motor proved based EV powertrain as charger/discharger with redundant topology and ORS control
Authors: Herrera Danilo , Villegas Javier , Galván Eduardo , Carrasco Juan Manuel
Published: March 2019

A six‐phase synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) is designed for electrical vehicle (EV) powertrain applications. The SynRM in the charger mode is able to provide instantaneous power and high power density, high efficiency with two modes of charge, robust reliability, high safety and fault tolerance. The properties of the SynRM are 60 kW, 9000 rpm and 400 N m. The main objective of the SynRM powertrain used as a charger is proved electrically, thermically and to be fault tolerant using a specific test bench. The winding motor topology is galvanic isolated, making it possible to load directly from the single‐phase and three‐phase grid, enabling two ways of charging, which increases the reliability. For this reason, the back‐to‐back full‐converter and the SynRM as a charger are used. The main goal is to prove the utility as a charger and the great efficiency derived from the SynRM plus inverter topology for electric cars. This SynRM + inverter topology offers redundancy for all load modes.
Four‐level robust model for a virtual power plant in energy and reserve markets
Authors: Zhou Yizhou , Wei Zhinong , Sun Guoqiang , Cheung Kwok W. , Zang Haixiang , Chen Sheng
Published: March 2019

The integration of distributed energy resources into a virtual power plant (VPP) can realise the scale merit. This study presents a novel approach for determining the optimal offering strategy of a VPP participating in the day‐ahead (DA), the spinning reserve (SR), and the real‐time (RT) markets. To hedge against multi‐stage uncertainties, the authors propose a robust mixed integer linear programming optimisation model that comprises four levels: (i) the optimal DA energy and reserve dispatch; (ii) the worst‐case realisation of uncertainties involved in DA market energy prices, SR market capacity prices, stochastic power production, and called balancing power; (iii) the optimal RT energy re‐dispatch; and (iv) the worst‐case realisation of uncertain RT market energy prices. Moreover, a tractable solution method based on strong duality theory and the column‐and‐constraint generation algorithm to solve the proposed four‐level formulation was developed. Finally, numerical results for a realistic case study demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed approach. The commercial benefits of this strategy are also evaluated.
Dynamic road pricing for optimal traffic flow management by using non‐linear model predictive control
Authors: Tettamanti Tamás , Török Árpád , Varga István
Published: March 2019

Traffic control of urban areas is a current research topic. Different pricing regimes such as cordon pricing, time‐based average cost zone pricing, distance‐based average cost zone pricing or marginal cost zone pricing have been investigated so far. The economical best solution, however, cannot be used due to the lack of information. In the study, the future of road pricing together with traffic control is analysed with the assumption of widespread information and communications technology (ICT) usage, i.e. access to real‐time information. The study proposes a utility‐based dynamic road pricing for optimal traffic flow management. The research largely focused on the model and regulator definition [fixed, dynamic, and non‐linear model predictive control (MPC)]. The theoretical research was conducted on a real‐world traffic test network by applying different control methods and taking into account the time‐delay effect of traffic forecasting. The simulation results show that time delay in response to vehicle concentration can result in significant oscillation on the concurrent routes in case of fixed and dynamic control, but can be compensated by non‐linear MPC. As a major result, it is shown that with the market penetration of ICT, a new era of road tolling regimes could be introduced.
Efficient convNets for fast traffic sign recognition
Authors: Luo Xiaoping , Zhu Jinhao , Yu Qingying
Published: March 2019

While deep convolutional networks gain overwhelming accuracy for computer vision, they are also well‐known for their high computation costs and memory demands. Given limited resources, they are difficult to apply. As a consequence, it is beneficial to investigate small, lightweight, accurate deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) that are better suited for resource‐limited electronic devices. This study presents qNet and sqNet, two small and efficient ConvNets for fast traffic sign recognition using uniform macro‐architecture and depth‐wise separable convolution. The qNet is designed with fewer parameters for even better accuracy. It possesses only 0.29M parameters (0.6 of one of the smallest models), while achieving a better accuracy of 99.4% on the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB). The resulting sqNet possesses only 0.045M parameters (almost 0.1 of one of the smallest models) and 7.01M multiply‐add computations (reducing computations to 30% of one of the smallest models), while keeping an accuracy of 99% on the benchmark. The experimental results on the GTSRB demonstrate that authors’ networks are more efficient in using parameters and computations.
Évaluation de l’aléa glissements de terrain : état de l’art et perspectives pour la cartographie réglementaire en France
Authors: Thiery Yannick , Terrier Monique
Published: March 2019

En France, dans le cadre de la cartographie réglementaire (type PPR – plans de prévention des risques), l’évaluation de l’aléa glissements de terrain suit généralement une approche empirique. Outre les données de base disponibles, les résultats sont donc étroitement dépendants de la qualité d’expertise réalisée. Depuis quelques années, dans un but opérationnel et afin de réduire les incertitudes de l’évaluation de l’aléa, des approches parallèles ou complémentaires ont été développées. Dans le cadre de cette article, un état de l’art sur l’approche cartographique actuelle est tracé, puis les perspectives et limites des approches en cours de développement sont décrites.
Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides, a Disilathiane, and Alkyl Benzoates Leading to a One-Pot Synthesis of Alkyl Aryl Sulfides
Authors: Sakai Norio , Maeda Hiromu , Ogiwara Yohei
Published: March 2019

A copper-catalyzed three-component coupling reaction of aryl iodides, hexamethyldisilathiane and alkyl benzoates leading to alkyl aryl sulfides has been demonstrated. A disilathiane acted as both a sulfur source and a promoter of the sulfidation, and the alkyl moiety of the alkyl benzoate was effectively introduced on one side of the sulfide. Moreover, we found that the protocol can be expanded to the preparation of ethyl phenyl selenide with diphenyl diselenide.
Kinetic Resolution, Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Asymmetric Desymmetrization by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: De Risi Carmela , Bortolini Olga , Di Carmine Graziano , Ragno Daniele , Massi Alessandro
Published: March 2019

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are now well-established organocatalysts for a large number of asymmetric and non-asymmetric transformations. In the last 15 years, there has been significant interest in using NHCs in kinetic resolution (KR), dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and asymmetric desymmetrization reactions for the stereoselective synthesis of enantioenriched compounds, with diverse substrates and activation modes being adopted to this end. This short review brings into focus the progress made on NHC-catalyzed KR, DKR, and asymmetric desymmetrization from 2004 until December 2018. The literature discussed in this article is classified on the basis of the type of reaction involving the NHC catalyst.

1 Introduction

2 Acylation Strategies

2.1 O-Acylation

2.2 N-Acylation

2.3 C-Acylation

3 Aldol-Acylation Processes

4 Benzoin Reactions

5 Stetter Reactions

6 Miscellaneous Approaches

7 Conclusion
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis of Elderly Patients with Unilateral Radiculopathy: Radiographic Changes in Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Chung Jongchul , Kong Changbong , Sun Woosung , Kim Dohyung , Kim Hyungdong , Jeong Heungtae
Published: March 2019

Background and Study Aims/Objective Clinical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar foraminoplasty (PELF) performed for lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS) have been reported in the literature. However, no study has reported the radiographic changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after surgery. This report presents the clinical outcome as well as radiographic changes in MRI after PELF for elderly patients with unilateral radiculopathy. We also describe detailed operative nuances to expand the foraminal space and mobilize the affected nerve root.

Material and Methods Between January 2015 and December 2016, 24 patients over 65 years of age underwent PELF to treat unilateral radiculopathy caused by LFS. The demographics, medical history, visual analog scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were reviewed retrospectively. MRI radiographic data, cross-sectional area (CSA) of the affected foramen and nerve root, were evaluated before and after surgery.

Results Preoperative radiculopathy improved in 23 of 24 patients (96%). The VAS score significantly improved from 7.89 ± 1.8 to 2.57 ± 2.5 (67.4%). The ODI also significantly improved from 33.15 ± 9.2 to 10.24 ± 6.7 (69.1%). Foraminal width increased ∼ 1.67 mm (21.4%), foraminal height increased 5.00 mm (36.9%), and CSA increased about 55.27 mm2 (60.6%) (p < 0.001). The CSA and the shape of the affected nerve section also expanded, but these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion We performed PELF in elderly patients with LFS. There were considerable radiographic changes in MRI, and the patients also showed clinically relevant improvement. Thus PELF resulted in sufficient decompression of the nerve root in LFS.
The Risk of a Shod and Unshod Horse Kick to Create Orbital Fractures in Equine Cadaveric Skulls
Authors: Joss Rahel , Baschnagel Fabio , Ohlerth Stefani , Piskoty Gabor , Fürst Anton , Bischofberger Andrea S.
Published: March 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the potential of an unshod and shod hoof to cause an orbital fracture in the event of a kick.

Materials and Methods Thirty-four equine cadaveric orbitae were exposed to a steel or horn impactor in a dropping test set-up. An impactor velocity of 7 m/s was used for both materials. Testing was repeated on the same orbit at a velocity of 10 m/s with the horn impactor if no damage occurred. A high-speed camera was used to analyse the impact process. Physical parameters (peak force and impact duration) were calculated based on quantitative video-tracking. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were generated and fracture configurations described.

Results At 7 m/s, the fracture probability was lower for horn (23.5%) than for steel impactors (70.6%, p = 0.015). On CT-images, damage of the frontal, temporal, zygomatic and lacrimal bones was detected. Furthermore, the orbital socket (17.2%), the supraorbital foramen (34.5%) and the temporomandibular joint (58.6%) were involved. The frequency of affected orbital bones was not significantly different between fractures generated by steel and horn impactors, but the fracture severity was subjectively greater when fractures were generated by steel impactors.

Clinical Significance The orbital fracture probability was significantly higher when a kick of a shod versus unshod horse was simulated. This indicates that keeping horses unshod would decrease the injury risk of neighbouring horses when considering group housing systems.
Improving polarized neutron imaging for visualization of the Meissner effect in superconductors
Authors: Wang T. , Jiang C. Y. , Bilheux H. Z. , Dhiman I. , Bilheux J. C. , Crow L. , McDonald L. , Robertson L. , Kardjilov N. , Pynn R. , Tong X.
Published: March 2019

The polarized neutron imaging technique provides a non-invasive method of characterizing localized magnetic fields inside superconductors. However, complete understanding of the magnetic field distribution has yet to be realized experimentally due to the complexity of the interaction between neutron polarization and magnetic field. In this article, we show that a well-defined and controlled magnetic field through the neutron path contributes to simplify the data analysis and makes future quantitative polarized neutron imaging possible. This is demonstrated in a set of experiments that visualize the magnetic field distribution inside and around the superconductors. The experimental results demonstrate that proper guide field setup allows the visualization of the magnetic field expulsion at the surface of the superconductor in the zero-field cooling condition, as well as the magnetic field trapped inside the superconductor under field cooling condition.
Effect of stoichiometry on electrical response and polydispersivity related to hopping polarization in EuTiO3
Authors: Iqbal Asad Muhammad , Jaffari Ghulam Hassnain
Published: March 2019

We present a detailed dielectric response of EuTiO3 to identify the role of Eu3+, Ti3+ ions, and oxygen vacancies in the generation of hopping conduction by varying oxygen stoichiometry. The dielectric response clearly reveals a transition from single relaxation to multiple relaxation mechanisms (excluding grain boundary contribution) as a function of a decrease in oxygen content. Systematic evaluation of dielectric and electric responses with the aid of magnetic measurements has been utilized to differentiate between Eu3+ doped EuTiO3 and EuTiO3-δ compounds in least and moderate reducing conditions. A rise in AC conductivity correlates well with the onset temperature of relaxation mechanisms, and the corresponding activation energies calculated through the Arrhenius law indicate that the observed mechanisms are thermally activated charge carrier hopping between Ti ions present in multiple valent states. A schematic model is presented for EuTiO3, and the possible conduction mechanisms are determined considering the Eu2+/Eu3+, Ti3+/Ti4+, and oxygen vacancy defects. The presented model fits well with the experimental results and implies that in a moderately reduced EuTiO3 sample, the low temperature relaxation mechanism is associated with hopping between Ti3+ and Ti4+ ions formed due to unreduced Eu3+ ions. While for highly reduced samples, oxygen vacancies also contribute to the electrical conduction and generate two more relaxation mechanisms, which are identified to be associated with singly and doubly charged oxygen vacancies. The polydispersive nature of charge carrier hopping has been quantified through the phenomenological Debye model and is discussed in detail in terms of variation in the bond length and the lattice parameter.
Thermally activated magnetization back-hopping based true random number generator in nano-ring magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Qin Jianying , Wang Xiao , Qu Tao , Wan Caihua , Huang Li , Guo Chenyang , Yu Tian , Wei Hongxiang , Han Xiufeng
Published: March 2019

A true random number generator based on the magnetization backhopping process in nano-ring magnetic tunnel junctions is demonstrated in this work. The impact of environmental temperature (T) and current pulse width (τ) on backhopping is investigated statistically by experiments, micromagnetic simulations, and theoretical analysis. The backhopping probability increases at high T and wide τ, as explained by the combined effect of thermal fluctuation and spin-transfer-torque noise. The magnetoresistance at backhopping is randomly distributed over a large operational current range. This manifestation of backhopping in magnetic tunnel junctions can be used as the basic unit of a true random number generator.
Reciprocal-space-resolved piezoelectric control of non-volatile magnetism in epitaxial LiFe5O8 film on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 substrate
Authors: Cao Cuimei , Shen Lvkang , Chen Shiwei , Yang Kunya , Lan Guohua , Li Pingping , Wang Wenqiang , Liu Ming , Chai Guozhi , Jiang Changjun
Published: March 2019

We achieve strong electric field control of non-volatile magnetism of epitaxial LiFe5O8 (LFO) films grown on a (001) piezoelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN-PT) substrate, as confirmed by the ferromagnetic resonance measurement. The relationship between the resonance field and the applied electric field for the LFO/PMN-PT heterostructure exhibited a hysteresis-loop-like shape, where the difference in the resonance field between the positive and negative remnant polarization states was up to 250 Oe. A reciprocal space mapping study of the piezoelectric control of magnetism, which originated from changes in the microstructure, was conducted to understand the non-volatile magnetic responses to ferroelastic domain switching. The findings indicate that applying an electric field to the LFO/PMN-PT heterostructure is an effective way to tailor the magnetic properties of the LFO film, making it a competitive candidate for high-frequency and high-temperature applications in tunable microwave antennas and filters.
Thermal induced broadband all-optical switching in InP quantum dots
Authors: Wang Mingshan , Zhong Zhiqiang , Wang Shaoliang , Zhang Luman , Liu Mengyu , Yao Linhua , Dai Hongwei , Zhang Junpei , Cheng Hui , Wang Xia , Han Jun-Bo
Published: March 2019

A broadband all-optical switch based on the thermal lens effect of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) has been demonstrated. Using a pump laser at 600 nm, whose photon energy is larger than the bandgap, thermal effects induce a large nonlinear optical refraction that modulates the beam path of a probe light to form an all-optical switch. By adjusting the sizes of the QDs, the position of the bandgap can be tuned over a wide wavelength range. Thus, both the pump and the probe wavelengths can be designed for specific applications. The on/off tests of the all-optical switches demonstrate that they work well with switching rates of hundreds of Hertz. Our result demonstrates that InP/ZnS quantum dots are a good candidate material for the application of all-optical switching.