bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diferencias según sexo en los factores asociados a hipertensión arterial en el Perú: Análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2017
Authors: Romero Giraldo Milagros , Avendaño-Olivares Jane , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Runzer-Colmenares Fernando M.
Published: June 2020

Introducción. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una de principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, donde el sexo masculino es el grupo mayormente afectado. Objetivo. Determinar las diferencias según sexo de los factores asociados a HTA en la población peruana mayor de 18 años. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional y Demográfica de Salud 2017. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia crudas (RP) y ajustadas (RPa) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson entre la variable dependiente (HTA) e independientes. Resultados. Se encontró que la prevalencia de HTA fue de 17,8% en hombres y 11,4% en mujeres. La edad, tener sobrepeso y obesidad aumentaron la probabilidad de padecer HTA. Mientras que ser del resto de la costa, sierra y selva disminuyeron la probabilidad de HTA en ambos sexos. Conclusiones. Existe mayor prevalencia de HTA en el sexo masculino y factores como la edad, sobrepeso y obesidad aumentaron la probabilidad de padecer HTA.
Apreciación de la guía de práctica clínica peruana sobre esquizofrenia respecto al programa de intervención temprana en psicosis
Authors: Valle Rivadeneyra Rubén Eliseo
Published: June 2020

En el último número de su revista se ha publicado la guía de práctica clínica “El abordaje temprano y tratamiento mixto en el manejo de la esquizofrenia” (1). Este documento busca dar respuesta a cuatro preguntas clínicas referentes al manejo de este trastorno. Las respuestas a estas interrogantes se realizan en base a una adaptación de la guía “Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: treatment and management” desarrollado por National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2). Una de las interrogantes de la guía peruana fue “¿cuál es el beneficio de la intervención temprana en el primer episodio psicótico?”. Es sobre el manejo del primer episodio psicótico que quisiera hacer algunas precisiones.
Vida y obra de Oscar Valdivia Ponce, a cien años de su nacimiento
Authors: Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff
Published: June 2020

Recientemente se cumplieron 100 años del nacimiento de Oscar Valdivia Ponce (1919-2001), médico psiquiatra y Sanmarquino de formación. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación a su vida y obra, considerando su trayectoria sobresaliente en la clínica e investigación científica histórica, social y cultural. El principal aporte de Valdivia consistió en intentar conocer y comprender al hombre peruano y su relación con su cultura. Escribió además sobre la historia de la psiquiatría peruana, teniendo su doctrina una raigambre esencialmente cultural y social. Corresponde a nuestra generación reconceptualizar lo estudiado por Valdivia acorde con el cuerpo de conocimientos que poseemos. Cada generación de médicos, en general, y psiquiatras, en particular, tiene que volver a pensar qué es lo que está haciendo, así lo hubiera querido el maestro.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y edema macular diabético: guía de práctica clínica del Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud)
Authors: Cáceres-del-Carpio Javier Héctor , Cañote Flores Renzo , Montes-Alvis José , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin , Quiroz-Cerna Doris , Luján-Donayre Vanesa Cinthia , Reátegui-Escalante Guillermo , Escobedo-Arriola Robinson Richard , García-Rodríguez Pedro Manuel , Chacón-Rosello Enrique , Chahua- Torres J. Yolanda , Honorio-Morales Harvy Alberto , Touzett-Valera Antonio Martín , Shimabuku- Ysa Héctor Eduardo , Chávez-Rimache Lesly , Taype-Rondan Alvaro , Timaná-Ruiz Raúl
Published: June 2020

Introducción. El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en EsSalud. Métodos. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 4 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Para cada una de estas preguntas se realizó búsquedas de revisiones sistemáticas y de estudios primarios (cuando se consideró pertinente) en PubMed durante el 2018. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buena práctica clínica y el flujograma de manejo. Resultados. La presente GPC abordó 4 preguntas clínicas sobre el tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento de elección y tratamiento adyuvante. En base a estas preguntas se formularon 6 recomendaciones (4 fuertes y 2 condicionales), 19 puntos de buena práctica clínica y 1 flujograma de manejo. Conclusión. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencias de la GPC para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética y el edema macular diabético en EsSalud.
The use of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the Management of Sustainable Development
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus
Published: June 2020

he relationship of economic growth and environmental impact has spurred fierce debates between growth optimists referring to the phenomenon of the environmental Kuznets curve, and pessimists referring to the limits to growth. The article draws some hints from a critical assessment of the literature on the environmental Kuznets curve. In particular, it is argued that the optimistic implications of this literature on the sustainability management are ungranted. However, analysis of environmental Kuznets curves allows a clarification of the few basic conditions for the management of sustainable development, including the sustainability of globalisation. These conditions can be met by implementing a systematic policy strategy aimed at shifting the Kuznets relations downward.
Problems of Survival of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Lakis Vaclovas
Published: June 2020

The place of small and medium-sized businesses in the economies of the EU, Lithuania and other countries is discussed, along with the specific features of their management, factors influencing their development and problems of financing their performance.
Reforms of Pension System in Lithuania
Authors: Gylys Povilas
Published: June 2020

Lithuania, like other Central European countries, undergoes a deep reform of the old age security system. The reform takes place in a controversial cognitive environment. The controversy is between methodological individualism and methodological holism as peculiar worldviews. The two world outlooks provide different reform perceptions and scenarios.
Pioneering versus Following the Promotional Behaviour of Lithuanian Innovative Companies
Authors: Pikturnienė Indrė
Published: June 2020

Whether companies that enter markets with new products first appear at an advantage or disadvantage is still a questionable issue in theory and practice. The theoretical part of the working paper will demonstrate that empirical data are very controversial, and the number of fields is numerous where pioneers can gain advantages and disadvantages from being the first with a new product. The survey made in FebruaryApril 2004 aimed to examine how Lithuanian innovative companies perceived the distribution of advertising effort while creating a primary and secondary demand, and whether they perceived the pioneering to be advantageous or disadvantageous from the point of view of promotional and consumer education efforts.
The Impact of Embeddedness on the Economic Performance of Firms
Authors: Mačerinskas Jogaila , Pakalnienė Akvile
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the main existing notions of embeddedness and emphasizes its impact on the economic performance of a firm. Many scientists have been trying to elaborate this confusingly polyvalent concept, but still there is now a plethora of meanings and definitions of what embeddedness might be or consist of. Different distinctions between the dimensions and levels of embeddedness exist, the most popular among them being the micro and macro level distinction of embeddedness. In this paper, attention is focused on the micro level and the effects that embeddedness exerts on the performance of firms. The main positive and negative features of embeddedness in the economic performance of a firm are presented.
Multicriteria in Bank Loan Portfolio Management
Authors: Mačerinskienė Irena , Ivaškevičiūtė Laura , Babarskas Justas
Published: June 2020

This paper is devoted to a review of the Multicriteria Framework of financial decisions of bank loan portfolio management as a financial model supporting financial decision-making, which builds pointed models taking into account the peculiarities of a problem. The goal here is to bridge the gap between decision-making disciplines of financial economics and the need for adequate decision support. Finance has traditionally recognized the two-objective situation of risk versus return, with the fundamental goal of wealth maximization. However, not well known are the new ways of approaching financial problems when three or more criteria exist. The modern portfolio management approach involves complex goals where they interact with one another; each has its own possible interpretation of wealth maximization, subjects to concern about risk, safety, liquidity, profitability, social responsibility, environmental protection, employee welfare, and so on. Consequently, it may well be appropriate to pursue a multiple objective approach to many financial decision-making problems. This article is concentrated upon building up a model with multicriteria analysis that provides financial decision makers and analysts with a wide-range methodology well suited to the complexity of modern bank loan portfolio management decision-making.
Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity Trends in Transition and Developed Economies
Authors: Štreimikienė Dalia
Published: June 2020

The article analyses energy efficiency and energy consumption trends in Lithuania in terms of sustainable development and aims to assess these trends in developed and transition economies. The results of development achieved by EU-15 and other developed countries indicate that the goals of sustainable development such as prosperity, high rates of economic development and low impact on the environment are not conflicting and can be achieved together. Transition economies newly entered the EU and suffering from a high resource intensity of economics and a comparatively low income per capita can converge in terms of the main indicators with EU-15 up to 2020.
Apgaulių ir klaidų rizikos vertinimas audito metu
Authors: Kanapickienė Rasa , Gipienė Gailutė , Jefimovas Borisas
Published: June 2020

Darbe parodoma, kad apgaulės ir klaidų riziką tikslinga analizuoti vertinant audito rizikos modelio komponentus, t. y. įgimtą, kontrolės ir aptikimo riziką. Tradiciniais audito metodais atskleisti apgaulę yra sudėtinga, todėl tikslinga numatyti būtinas specifines apgaulių tyrimo procedūras. Pateiktas auditoriaus veiksmų, nustačius aplinkybes, rodančias esant klaidų ir apgaulių galimybę, algoritmas.
Informacijos vartotojų poreikių poveikis pasirinkti įmonės finansinės apskaitos politiką
Authors: Rudžionienė Kristina
Published: June 2020

Apskaitos alternatyvų pasirinkimas yra socialinio pasirinkimo problema, tačiau daugelyje finansinės apskaitos politikos pasirinkimo empirinių tyrimų autoriai analizuoja ekonominių veiksnių poveikį, neįvertindami žmogiškųjų pasirinkimo veiksnių. Vos keletoje tyrimų, kuriuose teigiama, kad apskaitos informacijos vartotojams yra aktualūs kai kurie įmonės rodikliai, nagrinėjamas jų ryšys su pelną didinančios finansinės apskaitos politikos pasirinkimu ir patvirtinama ši hipotezė. Autorių atlikti Lietuvos įmonėse tyrimai šios hipotezės nepatvirtino, o tai rodo, kad įmonėms, renkantis apskaitos politiką, nėra svarbūs informacijos vartotojų, išskyrus administruojančias institucijas, poreikiai, tačiau galima prognozuoti, kad stambiose įmonėse ateityje bus labiau atsižvelgiama į akcininkų, administruojančių institucijų bei visuomenės informavimo priemonių poreikius.
Sustainable Agriculture: Economic Aspects
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus
Published: June 2020

Sustainable agriculture synthesizes a variety of concepts associated with agricultural practices and their socio-economic impacts. In this article, some-requirements, for the development of sustainable-agriculture in Lithuania are analysed within the ecological economics framework. First, sustainable agriculture is discussed within the context of environmental economics. After this more theoretical part, the Common Agricultural Policy reforms, trends of sustainable agriculture in EU and requirements for the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania are elaborated.
Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal and Exchange Rate on Growth: Lithuanian and Polish Case
Authors: Grainville Philippe
Published: June 2020

The implementation of the EMU translates a new European policy mix. Our article proposes a study on the coordination of the monetary and budgetary policies for the Baltic States for their complete integration in the European policy mix. New members must ensure a monetary policy able to answer the objective of price stability; they take part in EMS II for three years.The budgetary sovereignty of governments is relative taking into account their obligations in accordance with the Pact of Stability and Growth. After the participation in the Monetary Union. the countries cannot change their exchange rate, they will loose weapon of the exchange rate and will have henceforth only the budgetary and fiscal policies to adjust their economies. These last are in addition limited by the criteria of convergence and the Pact of Stability and Growth.Credibility can be obtained only by affecting to each authority a specific objective, namely the price stability for the monetary authority and the soutenability of the national debt for the budgetary authority.A not balanced policy mix encourages financial turbulences, which occur when the investors have doubts as to the capacity of the country to absorb a shock (for example, in Russia). Budgetary deficit can reach a significant level. The monetary supply which can finance the deficit is then higher than the demand.According to monetarists, the budgetary discipline is associated with a partial control of prices and wages. In Poland, the “popiwek”, which is a tax on the increases in wages, attempts to reduce the budgetary deficit. Such a policy of freezed prices and wages is able to produce a fast deceleration of inflation. The public accounts thus tend to improve quickly.For monetarists, the monetary policy does not have any influence on the real sphere. The entry in the EMU supposes the loss of the exchange rate. The adjustment of the economic policy for the Member States in the event of asymmetrical shocks can be done only by the tax and budgetary policies. The latter are indirectly forced by the respect of the criteria of restoration of public finances; in the Central European East countries these problems are significant.In the current context of slowdown in economic activity, several governments of the Euro zone asked the European Central Bank to lower their rates to support the economic activity. Within this framework, we will study the impact on the growth of this new policy mix to which the Baltic States and Poland will be subjected.
The Role of Social Capital in Economic Development of Transition Countries
Authors: Parts Eve
Published: June 2020

Current interest in the concept of social capital in the field of economic development stems from the limitations of prevailing economic approach toward the achievement of the basic developmental goals - sustained growth, equity, and democracy. The purpose of the current study is to analyse the effects of social capital and related institutional factors on the development process. Both theoretical and empirical findings suggest that these effects could be different in transition countries, compared to mature market economies.
Geoeconomic Policies for Regional Development: Turkey as a Catalyst for Eastern Europe
Authors: Inan Sukru
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the influence of geoeconomic policies on development. The new age is characterized by not political or ideological rivalry but by economic competition. States do not aim at conquering lands but rather at dominating and controlling markets. That process brings the discussion that the age is whether a geoeconomic age or a neo-mercantilist age with the writings of pundit writers of geoeconomics in terms of the economic policies of developed and developing countries. In the geoeconomic world developed countries mainly apply neo-mercantilist policies towards the developing countries, and as a response developing countries that were “second orders” or “middle powers” of the geopolitical era generate their own regional geo-mercantilist policies and closer economic relations with neighbor countries.Turkey’s strategic and geopolitical importance is continuing with its geoeconomic importance in the new era. Since the 1980s Turkey’s growth and industryoriented policies have shifted from the realm of public policy to a market-driven domain. And later, with the collapse of the USSR and the end of the Cold War, the “Iron Curtain” around Turkey has absented. These two transformations gave Turkey a great chance with her historical, cultural and economic ties to form a geoeconomic space and to become an engine of regional development.This study investigates the importance of Turkey for regional development with its geoeconomic policies in terms of energy. trade, and investment policies. Turkey as a bridge or a frontier between East and West could play an effective role. For Eastern Europe, Turkey will create a catalyst effect as a bridge, however, its effect will be an impediment as a frontier.
The Impact of Lisbon Criteria on Business Development in Lithuania
Authors: Garuckas Rimantas , Serafinas Dalius
Published: June 2020

The aim of the paper is to review the Lisbon criteria that are influencing business in Lithuania, and to outline the main perspectives of national businesses in the EU context. To this end, we have analyzed earlier works on the factors and parameters that influence business environment in the EU, compiled a list of most crucial factors influencing the business entities, interviewed the top management of 300 top Lithuanian companies in order to find out the peculiarities of the Lithuanian way to success in business. Managers’ opinions were compared to facts stated in internal documents (especially documents containing market requirements) as to quality and price; internal costs and efficiency of processes. The following methods of research were employed: metaanalysis, documentation review, triangulation, interviews, basic methods of mathematical statistics.
Calculating the Impact of Trade on Aspects of Human Development in Central Europe Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Nowakowski Joseph M.
Published: June 2020

Three equally weighted variables, material output life expectancy and literacy. comprise the widely used comprehensive measure of development known as the Human Development Index (HDI). Although the level of development for a society is constrained by its resource endowment traditional HDI calculations ignore this. Economic theory suggests that international trade leads to a more efficient use of resources and can contribute to economic development. This paper addresses the question of whether trade contributes only to material development, or whether it impacts life expectancy and literacy rates as well, taking into account differences in endowments and attitudes towards outcomes. The HDI values, with outcome flexibility. are calculated for a number of countries using data envelopment analysis, controlling for resource use. Then the impact of trade on different variables is considered. Economies in Central Europe or former Soviet republics, or both, are compared to the rest of the world to identify differences in performance and the influence, if any. of trade on performance. Relative to resource endowments, the subset of nations performs well relative to the rest of the world. Trade is seen to have varying influences in the two regions for certain performance variables.
Valuing Derivatives in Commercial Banks of Emerging Markets - Application to Slovenian Market
Authors: Grum Andraž
Published: June 2020

In emerging market economies there is usually no institutionalised derivative market. Like in every other market-oriented economy, there exists the need for such instruments, especially in the corporate and financial sectors. In practice, the main market or position risk that a corporate sector is exposed to is the exchange rate or currency risk. The shortage of standardized derivatives is partly covered by unstandardized, tailormade derivatives issued by commercial banks to satisfy the specific needs of clients. Not surprisingly, a large portion of unstandardized derivatives issued by commercial banks comes in the type of forward agreements and I or options, with a foreign currency as the underlying asset. Because those derivatives are “tailormade”, they often have characteristics for which they can be classified as exotic derivatives. To manage efficiently the market risk, the issuer of such derivatives has to address the issue of valuation of those instruments. In practice, the most effective method of valuation of exotic derivatives has been found to be the Monte Carlo simulation based on the parametric model of the underlying asset price dynamics. Using the Monte Carlo simulation for pricing options raises several issues such as measuring the accuracy of simulated prices and determining the number of simulations required for the desired level of accuracy.
Positioning of Retail Companies: Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Ivanauskas Robertas , Pajuodis Arvydas
Published: June 2020

The rapid development of retailing and changes in customers’ shopping behaviour are shifting the competitive situation and stimulate searching for new effective competition strategies. In modern retailing, more and more attention is been paid to positioning, which enables a favourable image in the minds of customers and a differentiation from competitors. The application of the concept of positioning in retailing is quite a new problem. Positioning and the place of image in marketing strategy are briefly discussed in the article. Retail companies’ and retail outlets’ positioning specifics and methodology are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the specifics of multiple retailers’ positioning methodology because of their increasing power within distribution channels and a significant impact on activities of manufacturers and wholesalers and also on customers’ shopping habits. The methods that were used for preparing the article were analysis and summary of scientific literature, modeling and expert evaluation.
Estimation of Uneven Development of Lithuanian Regions
Authors: Cibulskiene Diana , Butkus Mindaugas , Matuzeviciūtė Kristina
Published: June 2020

The researchers have aimed to analyse the processes of divergent development of Lithuanian regions by estimating the basic parameters of the process of interregional stratification. We have carried out an estimation of the process of differentiation using three parameters: per capita gross regional product (further GRP), per worker GRP and per capita foreign direct investment (further FDI) in a separate region. Using these indicators and the economic classical con vergence-divergence approaches of analysis, the principal dimensions of the unequal development of territorial units in Lithuania have been assessed.
Discriminant Methods for Bankruptcy Prediction - Theory and Applications
Authors: Pociecha Józef
Published: June 2020

Discriminant analysis consists of assigning an individual to two (or more) distinct populations, on the basis of observations of several characters of the individuals and a sample of observations of these characters from the populations. R. A. Fisher suggested a linear function of variables representing different characters, called linear discriminant function, for classifying an individual into one of the two populations. E. I. Altman adapted this approach to identify bankruptcy risk of corporations. Altman’s model of bankruptcy was estimated for various countries, thereby for Polish economy. Some results of estimation and interpretation of Altman’s model for Polish economy are presented in the paper. Methodological problems of discriminant analysis, especially fulfilling the basic assumptions, the analytical form of the discriminant function, the stability of the model and the estimation problems are also discussed.
The Ways of Modelling and Forecasting Profit Tax Revenue in Lithuania
Authors: Mačiulaitytė Elena
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to propose the ways of profit tax revenue modelling and forecasting when changes of the legitimate order are considered in time series modelling. To this end, profit tax-related legislative changes are reviewed in the first part of the paper. The basic elements of the profit tax, such as the tax object, subject, the order of carryover of losses, tax rates, methods of computing a profit tax advance payment, due dates of a yearly profit tax have been changed several times over the period of profit tax application. The second part of the paper presents the stages of profit tax revenue modelling. At the first stage, the indicator of profit is suggested to be modelled and forecast using a linear regression of economic indicators. At the second stage, the function of profit tax revenue, depending on the profit indicator and other different legitimate elements of profit tax, has to be found.
Competition Among Multiple Retailers within a Small and Fast Developing Economy
Authors: Urbonavičius Sigitas , Brock Gregory , Ivanauskas Robertas
Published: June 2020

In the intensely competitive retailing sector of the new EU accession countries, retailers often compete on the basis of diversification or high growth. With high growth, discount pricing is the key. As new member countries often have households with a low purchasing power, price-based competition is widespread. However, as these economies grow, retailers will need to diversify away from simply a low price strategy. Using the case of Lithuania, a sample of multiple retailers is examined from the consumer perspective. Consumer loyalty. a multiple retailer’S image. differentiation and the idea of a purchasing occasion appear to be where retailers should focus as they move away from a narrow low price strategy.
Atskleistasis santykinis pranašumas: teorinis požiūris ir Lietuvos pieno sektoriaus analizė ES-15 atžvilgiu
Authors: Vitunskienė Vlada , Serva Evaldas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas atskleistojo santykinio pranašumo (RCA) indekso turinys, paskirtis ir metodologinės jo taikymo empiriniuose tyrimuose problemos. Prieš keturis dešimtmečius šį indeksą Bela Balassa pasiūlė kaip santykinio pranašumo empirinio tyrimo metodą. Nuo to laiko šis metodas toliau tobulinamas Vakarų akademinėje literatūroje ir plačiai naudojamas taikomosiose tarptautinės prekybos ir tarptautinio konkurencingumo studijose. Tačiau lietuviškojoje akademinėje literatūroje RCA metodas iki šiol beveik negvildentas, o taikomuosiuose tyrimuose naudotas tik fragmentiškai.RCA metodo praktinio taikymo taikomuosiuose tyrimuose galimybėms atskleisti straipsnyje pristatyti šio metodo empirinio tyrimo Lietuvos pieno sektoriuje prekybos su Europos Sąjungos šalių senbuvių (ES-15) mastu rezultatai. RCA indeksas apskaičiuotas pagal abipusio prekių eksporto metinių srautų 1996-2004 m. duomenis, ekstrabuotus iš Lietuvos statistikos bei Eurostato duomenų bazių. Skaičiavimai atlikti pagal KN kodų 2, 4 arba 6 ženklų lygius agreguotas prekių grupes.
Evolution of the Banking System in Lithuania: from State-Owned Mono-Banks to a Modern Banking System (1988-2004)
Authors: Čičinskas Jonas , Šadžius Linas
Published: June 2020

The creation of a modern banking system in a post-command economy is the subject of this article. The case of Lithuania is investigated throughout the time period of 1988-2004, which is divided into four periods: genesis, early stage, crisis period, and late stage. The substantiality and importance of experience accumulation and learning is shown as a considerable factor of the system building. The initial part is intended to provide some broader, although brief characteristics of the environment in which the new banking system of Lithuania was emerging. The second part provides the chronological process of events in the area. An attempt of periodization of systemic economic reforms is presented in the third part. The final chapter contains some conclusions.
Inovacinio verslo plėtra: problemos ir galimybės
Authors: Valentinavičius Stasys
Published: June 2020

Spartus ekonominis augimas siejamas su gamybos technologiniu atnaujinimu, inovacijų įgyvendinimu ekonominėje ir socialinėje srityje bei spartesne inovacinio verslo plėtra. Lietuvai ypač svarbu, atsižvelgiant į sukauptą patirtį Europos Sąjungos (ES) ir kitose šalyse, pasirinkti tinkamus inovacinio verslo plėtros skatinimo būdus ilgai perspektyvai.Straipsnio tikslas - išnagrinėti svarbiausias inovacinio verslo Lietuvoje plėtros problemas ir galimybes.Svarbiausi uždaviniai: apibūdinti inovacijų ir ekonomikos konkurencingumo priklausomybę; apžvelgti inovacijų ir inovacinio verslo sampratos metodologines problemas; aptarti inovacinės plėtros skatinimo ir finansavimo svarbą bei strateginius tikslus; ES šalių kontekste pateikti Lietuvos inovacinės veiklos finansavimo būdų lyginamąją analizę; išryškinti inovacinio verslo Lietuvoje plėtros galimybių perspektyvą.Inovacinės veiklos tyrimas atliktas remiantis Lietuvos statistikos departamento duomenimis, Europos Komisijos, Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacijos atliktų tyrimų oficialiomis ataskaitomis, įvairių autorių atliktais tyrimais, apžvalgomis bei Lietuvos strategijomis, įstatymais ir poįstatyminiais aktais. Tyrimui panaudoti mokslinės literatūros ir publikacijų ir statistikos duomenų lyginamosios analizės ir apibendrinimo metodai.
Darbo sąnaudų apskaita ir kontrolė
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Mačiuitis Juozas , Subačienė Rasa
Published: June 2020

Darbo sąnaudų problema yra labai aktuali ekonominė problema visose be išimties rinkos ekonomikos šalyse. Sprendžiant šią problemą tiesiogiai susiduria darbdavių ir darbuotojų interesai. Darbo sąnaudos tai imonės patirtos sąnaudos, samdant darbuotojus, kurie atlieka jiems patikėtas funkcijas, siekiant numatytų įmonės tikslų. Jos parodo ivairių išorės ir vidaus veiksnių suformuotą darbuotojo vertę. Lietuvoje veikiančių imonių sąnaudų struktūroje darbo sąnaudos vidutiniškai sudaro apie 11 proc. Tokia situacija išryškina darbo sąnaudų, kaip sąnaudų visumos rūšies, reikšmę ir ypatingumą.Straipsnyje nagrinėjama darbo sąnaudų reikšmė ir sudėtis šiandienės dinamiškos ir konkurencingos rinkos ekonomikos sąlygomis. Pirmą kartą pateikiama darbo sąnaudų klasifikacija į keturias grupes: 1) darbo užmokesčio, 2) ugdymo, 3) socialinių ir 4) kitų darbo sąnaudų. Analizuojamas šių darbo sąnaudų rūšių informacijos rinkimas ir vertinimas. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama darbo sąnaudų rūšių apskaitai ir kontrolei. Pateikiamos naujos buhalterinės sąskaitos darbo sąnaudoms apskaityti ir šių sąnaudų kontrolės principai.Šio straipsnio tikslas - ištirti darbo sąnaudų sudėtį ir pateikti jų apskaitos bei kontrolės sistemą. Šiam tikslui buvo naudoti šie tyrimo metodai - mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, informacijos sisteminimas, lyginimas ir apibendrinimas, statistikos duomenų skaičiavimas ir interpretavimas.
Creative Conceptions of “Electronic Business: Sales and Financial Tools” for Economic Development
Authors: Simanauskas Leonas
Published: June 2020

Traditional businesses all over the world have experienced very severe competition in terms of electronic commerce, or virtual retailing and financial service. mobile information and communication technology. etc. This has been compounded by rapid change within the telecommunication. IT and content sectors and throughout the relevant policy environment. The term “Electronic business” has been chosen by the author as the mo,t applicable generic term to define the growing salience of information with commercial activity.

the purpose of L. Sodžiutė and V. Sūdžius monograph “Electronic business: Sales and Financial tools” is to describe what “Electronic business” is: how it is being conducted and managed; and its major opportunities, limitations, issues and risks.

The economic issues are associated with electronic commerce and financial tools. such as its advantages and disadvantages, types of payment’ and information transfer security, the roles of organization and security facilities, to perform an analysis, to identify a forward level of electronic business and summarize the results of the analysis, and make suggestions for electronic commerce development facilities.

The objective of taking this perspective is to give a business-focused understanding of the main issues involved in the development of electronic business, with the aim of introducing interested business people (both students and professionals) to the commercial and strategic impact of the information economy, especially in terms of comprehending how enterprises need to adjust if they are to sustain their competitive position.
Statistinio atrankos būdo metodika atliekant auditą
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas , Valkauskas Romualdas
Published: June 2020

Atranka yra viena iš svarbiausių audito procedūrų, kurią naudoja beveik visi išorės ir vidaus auditoriai. Straipsnyje keliamas tikslas parengti statistinio atrankos būdo metodiką atliekant auditą. Šiam tikslui pasiekti atlikta statistinio ir nestatistinio atrankos būdų naudojimo Lietuvos audito sistemoje analizė, išryškinti jų pranašumai ir trūkumai. Pateikiamos statistinio atrankos būdo rūšys, jų turinys ir pavyzdžiai. Rekomenduojama statistinio atrankos būdo metodika audito procese įgyvendinama šiais etapais: 1) pasirengimo tyrimui; 2) atrankos vykdymo ir gautų rezultatų kontrolės, 3) gautų duomenų analizės ir panaudojimo.
Author Guidelines and Bibliographic Data
Authors: Journal Ekonomika
Published: June 2020

[text in English]
Influence of Intestinal Microorganisms on Anastomotic Leakage after Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Rugieniūtė Justina , Pažusis Matas , Mačiulaitytė Aistė , Černauskis Karolis , Saladžinskas Žilvinas
Published: June 2020

Introduction. One of the most common and serious complications of near-postoperative surgery after colon resection with anastomosis is intestinal leakage with a frequency of 1 to 24%. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the factors that may determine the development of this complication. One of the etiological factors behind the development of this complication is the intestinal microbiota, which is playing an increasingly important role in this process. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive clinical evidence on the influence of the intestinal microbiota on postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage. Purpose. To evaluate the influence of intestinal microorganisms on anastomotic leakage after elective intestines surgery. Methods. A prospective study was performed at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital, Kaunas Clinics, Clinic of Surgery. There were included patients who underwent colon surgery (right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoid resection and closure of ileostomy). Intestinal mucosal biopsy performed before restoring intestinal integrity and sent for microbiological and antibiotic examination. Patients were also observed postoperatively for anastomotic leakage. Results. The majority of patients were treated for colon cancer – 46 (92.0%). In 19 patients crop (38.0%) grown one microorganism, in 12 (24.0%) – 2 microorganisms, in 5 (10.0%) – 3 microorganisms, in 1 (2.0%) – 4 types of bacteria. In the most of the crops were observed growth by E. coli – 30 (60.0%), Enterococcus spp. – 12 (24.0%), Bacteroides spp. – 4 (8.0%), Klebsiella oxytoca – 2 (4.0%), Beta hemolytic streptococcus – 2 (4.0%) patients. Citrobacter fundii, Citrobacter brakii, Parabacteroides distasonis, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacteriaceae daacea grew only in 1 (2.0%) patients crop. Postoperative anastomotic leakage diagnosed in 2 (4.0%) patients. Conclusions. The major microorganisms that grown were E. coli. Due to the small sample, tendency can not be predicted, but microorganisms that promote small blood vessels thrombosis may be one of the factors that cause anastomotic leakage.
PENGAPSAHAN: TRANSLATION MODELS, LOCAL LANGUAGE PRESERVATION, AND LANGUAGE ACCULTURATION PROCESSES IN KIAI BOOKS OF COASTAL JAVA
Authors: Jaeni Muhamad
Published: June 2020

Pengapsahan model is a translation model that has long been used by Kiai in several traditional pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) on coastal Java. During this time, the conjugation model is only understood as a tool for analyzing text structures, whereas far more than that, there is a variety of Javanese typically used in pesantren having a social role so that the variety of Javanese is still preserved by pesantren communities. This paper examines the model of analyzing the pesantren books. The study will also look at the formulation of Kitabi Javanese language and the reasons why the variety of Javanese of the pesantren that continues to be preserved and maintained by the pesantren community, as well as how the process of conjugation has become a part of the process of acculturation in Javanese and Arabic in the texts of religious books. The results of this study, First; the conjugation model is a special model for Arabic texts created by Islamic boarding school scholars with various analytical tools in it; Second, the variety of languages used in the conjugation of the book is a variety of Javanese of coastal dialects and it has become a corpus of its language which is called Jawa Kitabi (Kitabi Javanese); Third, the process of acculturation of Arabic-Javanese in the tradition of conjugation is characterized by the emergence of the pegon script, the emergence of Javanese translation books with the Arabic structure of fusha, the existence of mixed code phenomena in the writing and translating pesantren books, both mixed codes of Javanese-Arabic, Javanese-Indonesian and mixed codes of Javanese Krama-Ngoko.
PERFORMANCE OF ARABIC EDUCATION LECTURERS IN DEVOTION OF LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Qodri Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This article aims to find out how the performance of lecturers in designing, implementing and evaluating learning language proficiency courses. This article uses a descriptive qualitative approach. data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data collected using snowball sampling techniques and data collected were analyzed through the steps of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings of this article are: performance of Arabic education lecturers faculty of Tarbiyah in devotion of language learning that lecturer has not maximized the potential in giving lectures, coupled with the preparation of SAP courses that are lacking  this is seen in 1) the design of learning made by lecturers listening and reading in the form of SAP, only briefly explains about several components, namely the identity of the course, learning outcome indicators,  lecture method, assessment, and bibliography, mentions several reading sources used in the listening learning process and reading, 2) the implementation of learning include: preliminary activities, core activities, and closing activities, 3) the evaluation of learning outcomes is an activity of measuring the level of success and ability of students in the learning process.
A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF WORDS “KHALAQA, JA’ALA, BADA’A, SHANA’A, FATHARA” IN REVEALING THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN CREATION
Authors: Nurbayan Yayan
Published: June 2020

This qualitative research argues that the concept of human creation in the holy Quran can be revealed by analyzing the words khalaqa, ja’ala, bada’a, shana’a, and fathara. In doing the analysis, the meaning of words is characterized based on lexical, grammatical, and contextual aspects. This research found that there are only two words used in verses concerning human creation, namely ‘خلق، جعل’ / ‘ja’ala, khalaqa’. The word khalaqa is an intransitive word (fi’il muta’addy) consisting of a single object (maf’ul). Furthermore, the word ‘جعل’ is a transitive verb consisting of two objects (muta’addi bi maf’ulaini). In the context of human creation, the word is used to describe the function of human beings. The word جعل functions as an element to describe the role of an object in the respective verses.
New records of fishes for the Vitória-Trindade Chain, southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Guabiroba Helder Coelho , Pimentel Caio Ribeiro , Mariano Macieira Raphael , Cardozo-Ferreira Gabriel Costa , Teixeira João Batista , Gasparini João Luiz , Joyeux Jean-Christophe , Simon Thiony , Rocha Luiz A. , Pinheiro Hudson Tercio
Published: June 2020

Oceanic islands and seamounts play an important role on the origin and maintenance of biodiversity, however, these environments are still poorly understood. Here we report 15 new records of reef fish species for the Davis Seamount, Trindade Island and Martin Vaz Archipelago, in the Vitoria-Trindade Chain (VTC). Such isolated sites are among the last frontier for shallow reef exploration in the South Atlantic, and more scientific effort is needed to better understand their biogeography and to help in conservation efforts.
Management of Residual or Recurrent Disease Following Thermal Ablation of Renal Cortical Tumors
Authors: Loloi Justin , Shingleton W. Bruce , Nakada Stephen Y. , Zagoria Ronald J. , Landman Jaime , R. Lee Benjamin , F. Matin Surena , Ahrar Kamran , J. Leveillee Raymond , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. , D. Raman Jay
Published: June 2020

Management of residual or recurrent disease following thermal ablation of renal cortical tumors includes surveillance, repeat ablation, or surgical extirpation. We present a multicenter experience with regard to the management of this clinical scenario. Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to identify 1265 patients who underwent cryoablation (CA) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for enhancing renal masses. Disease persistence or recurrence was classified into one of the three categories: (i) residual disease in ablation zone; (ii) recurrence in the ipsilateral renal unit; and (iii) metastatic/extra-renal disease. Seventy seven patients (6.1%) had radiographic evidence of disease persistence or recurrence at a median interval of 13.7 months (range, 1–65 months) post-ablation. Distribution of disease included 47 patients with residual disease in ablation zone, 29 with ipsilateral renal unit recurrences (all in ablation zone), and one with metastatic disease. Fourteen patients (18%) elected for surveillance, and the remaining underwent salvage ablation (n = 50), partial nephrectomy (n = 5), or radical nephrectomy (n = 8). Salvage ablation was successful in 38/50 (76%) patients, with 12 failures managed by observation (3), tertiary ablation (6), and radical nephrectomy (3). At a median follow-up of 28 months, the actuarial cancer-specific survival and overall survival in this select cohort of patients was 94.8 and 89.6%, respectively.
ENROLLMENT FORECASTING BASED ON LINGUISTIC TIME SERIES
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Duy , Ho Nguyen Cat , Lan Vu Nhu
Published: June 2020

Dealing with the time series forecasting problem attracts much attention from the fuzzy community. Many models and methods have been proposed in the literature since the publication of the study by Song and Chissom in 1993, in which they proposed fuzzy time series together with its fuzzy forecasting model for time series data and the fuzzy formalism to handle their uncertainty. Unfortunately, the proposed method to calculate this fuzzy model was very complex. Then, in 1996, Chen proposed an efficient method to reduce the computational complexity of the mentioned formalism. Hwang et al. in 1998 proposed a new fuzzy time series forecasting model, which deals with the variations of historical data instead of these historical data themselves. Though fuzzy sets are concepts inspired by fuzzy linguistic information, there is no formal bridge to connect the fuzzy sets and the inherent quantitative semantics of linguistic words. This study proposes the so-called linguistic time series, in which words with their own semantics are used instead of fuzzy sets. By this, forecasting linguistic logical relationships can be established based on the time series variations and this is clearly useful for human users. The effect of the proposed model is justified by applying the proposed model to forecast student enrollment historical data.
A DOUBLE-SHRINK AUTOENCODER FOR NETWORK ANOMALY DETECTION
Authors: Bui Cong Thanh , Van Loi Cao , Hoang Minh , Nguyen Quang Uy
Published: June 2020

The rapid development of the Internet and the wide spread of its applications has affected many aspects of our life. However, this development also makes the cyberspace more vulnerable to various attacks. Thus, detecting and preventing these attacks are crucial for the next development of the Internet and its services. Recently, machine learning methods have been widely adopted in detecting network attacks. Among many machine learning methods, AutoEncoders (AEs) are known as the state-of-the-art techniques for network anomaly detection. Although, AEs have been successfully applied to detect many types of attacks, it is often unable to detect some difficult attacks that attempt to mimic the normal network traffic. In order to handle this issue, we propose a new model based on AutoEncoder called Double-Shrink AutoEncoder (DSAE). DSAE put more shrinkage on the normal data in the middle hidden layer. This helps to pull out some anomalies that are very similar to normal data. DSAE are evaluated on six well-known network attacks datasets. The experimental results show that our model performs competitively to the state-of-the-art model, and often out-performs this model on the attacks group that is difficult for the previous methods.
DESIGNING A ROBUST ADAPTIVE TRACKING BACKTEPPING CONTROLLER CONSIDERING ACTUATOR SATURATION FOR A WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT TO COMPENSATE UNKNOWN SLIPPAGE
Authors: Le Chung , Tien Kiem Nguyen , Nguyen Linh , Nguyen Tinh , Hoang Tung
Published: June 2020

This article highlights a robust adaptive tracking backstepping control approach for a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR) by which the bad problems of both unknown slippage and uncertainties are dealt with. The radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) in this proposed controller assists unknown smooth nonlinear dynamic functions to be approximated. Furthermore, a technical solution is also carried out to avoid actuator saturation. The validity and efficiency of this novel controller, finally, are illustrated via comparative simulation results.