bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Use of Die Lubricant on the Marginal Fit of Wax Patterns
Authors: Wagh Ajinkya , Gandhewar Mahesh , Pawar Pankaj , Chavan Ashada , Kharwade Snehal , Mendhe Anjali , Singh Devina
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of die lubricant on the fit of wax patterns. An ivorine tooth was prepared to receive full-coverage metal-ceramic restoration with 360° shoulder finish line. The tooth was duplicated 40 times using additional silicone. The impression was poured with Type IV dental stone. These 40 dies were divided into 2 groups 20 each. Group A: The patterns were fabricated with the use of die lubricant. Group B: The patterns were fabricated without the use of die lubricant. Later, these patterns were sequentially checked for the marginal fit on the stereomicroscope. The readings from the stereomicroscope were tabulated; independent Student's t-test was used to compare the marginal fit between Group A and Group B. The mean gap on all four tooth surfaces in Group A (with use of die lubricant) was more compared to Group B (without use of die lubricant).

Conclusion:

Die lubricant definitely has their effect on fit of the wax pattern which later might be duplicated in the casting.
Geometry of Implant Abutment Surface Improving Cement Effectiveness
Authors: Rathod Aradhana , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Shrinivas  , Devadiga Trupti Jagannath , Jha Shruti , Alzahrani Khaled M.
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of the study was to investigate whether the surface geometry or topography of implant abutments affects the retentive strength of prosthesis cemented with zinc phosphate on standard machined, sandblasted, and grooved implant abutments and to compare the results between them.

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen similarly shaped implant abutments (MDcpk61; MIS Implant Technologies Ltd.,) (height 6.0 mm and 6-degree taper) were divided into three groups (n = 05): Group I – standard machined abutments without grooves, Group II – sandblasted abutments (same as Group I but sandblasted with 50 μ aluminum oxide), and Group III – abutment with prefabricated circumferential grooves. Further in these groups of 15 abutments, 5 abutments each are to be taken to check the retentive force of zinc phosphate cement. Fifteen identical cast copings was prepared to fit all 15 abutments. The castings will be cemented to each group of abutments with an above-mentioned luting agent. After thermal cycling and storage for 6 days in a water bath, a retention test is to be done with a tensile testing machine (Instron) (5 mm/min) and retentive forces will be recorded. Data will be subjected to one-way ANOVA test and Student's t-test.

Results:

For zinc phosphate cement, F = 30.53 (>3.59 for P = 0.05) shows a statistically significant difference between all the three groups.

Conclusion:

Circumferential grooves on implant abutments give better retention when compared with standard machined (plain) and sandblasted abutments despite marked difference.

Clinical Significance:

Retention of restoration depends on the surface of the abutment as well as the luting agents used. Incorporation of retentive grooves can enhance retention of prosthesis, especially in situation of short abutments.
Neuroscience of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Paramel Mohan Sunil , Ramalingam Murugan
Published: February 2023

Peripheral nerve injury involves complex molecular, cellular, and genetic events that help in ultimate regeneration of nerve. Some key factors are upregulated and some downregulated in the process of regeneration of nerve to attain almost perfect architecture. This review renders short overview about how the injured neurons and supporting cells like Schwann cells help in creating ample microenvironment for regeneration of peripheral nerve and their maturation.
Genotoxic Effect of Various forms of Tobacco on Oral Buccal Mucosa and Nuclear Changes as a biomarker
Authors: Devadoss Sowmiya , Raveendranath Murali Chinnakonda , Kathiresan T. Shanmugam , Ganesan Kesavan
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The present study aims to assess the genotoxic effect of various forms of tobacco users on buccal mucosa and nuclear changes as biomarkers.

Materials and Methods:

The study involves 150 cases, they were divided into three groups (two study groups and one control group). The buccal cytological smears were taken from three groups: Group I – 50 smokers, Group II – 50 nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco), and Group III – 50 control group. The buccal cells were transferred into a test tube containing Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer (pH = 7) and was centrifuged (Remi® 1500 revolution/min [rpm]). Cell suspensions were transferred to the slides and fixed. The slides were stained using PAP and Feulgen stain. The MN and other nuclear abnormalities were studied and compared.

Results:

Nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) had significantly increased frequency of all nuclear anomalies compared to smokers and healthy controls. Binucleation, karyorrhexis, micronuclei (MN), karyolysis, broken egg nuclei, and prominent nucleoli in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) and condensed chromatin in smokers were the most frequent anomalies. Binucleation and karyorrhexis were significantly more frequent in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) compared to smokers. The other nuclear abnormalities were not statistically significant in smokers and nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco).

Conclusion:

Numerous studies have stated that MN and other nuclear anomalies were present in higher frequency in smokers and nonsmokers. In our study, we found binucleation and karyorrhexis were statistically significant in nonsmokers (smokeless tobacco) compared to smokers. The other nuclear anomalies showed insignificant results. In order to further validate the significance of this study, a larger sample size has to be studied. On comparing the staining efficacy of smokers and nonsmokers using PAP and Feulgen stain, both the stains showed positive results. In the present study, DNA-specific Feulgen stain shows better staining of nuclear anomalies compared to DNA nonspecific PAP stain, which was found to be statistically significant.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Effect on Quality of Life
Authors: Mahobia Ashish , Sahoo Sujit Ranjan , Maiti Niladri , Sathyanarayanan R , Aravinth R , Pandraveti Roopa Reddy , Tiwari Heena
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Diabetes is associated with the vascular and the neuronal damage of the eye leading to diabetic retinopathy (DR). The circadian rhythms and also the quality of life (QoL) are known to be impacted by the photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which are seen to be affected in the DR. Hence, we aim to find a relation between the DR and its impact on the life quality.

Materials and Methods:

Thousand participants were equally divided into two groups of case and controls (DR). The control group was further divided into three subgroups based on the severity of the disease as proliferative and nonproliferative (mild, moderate, and severe). The impact on the QoL was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-36. The collected data were analyzed for the various grades of the severity of DR on the quality of the life.

Results:

There was a notable change between the case and the controls and the QoL deteriorated with the severity of the disease. However, these findings were insignificant statistically.

Conclusion:

DR impacts the QoL of the patients, and the severity of the disease is proportional to the worsening of the disease. Further, research is warranted for the association.
Histocompatibility of Dental Restorative Composite Resin Photopolymerized with a Novel Multifunctional Comonomer
Authors: Sivakumar Jambai Sampathkumar , Ajay Ranganathan , Gokulapriyan Karuppiah , Deepa Natesan Thangaraj , Vigneshwari Subramaniam Kalaiyarasu , Ahamed Shafie
Published: February 2023

Background:

Restorative dentistry is impossible without composite resins. Toxicity of these resins is common though possessing favorable properties. Modifications of the resin matrix are being executed to improve the properties of the material. Dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate (DPEPHA) monomer has been recently identified as a cross-linking comonomer with the conventional resin matrix.

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the histocompatibility of DPEPHA comonomer in photopolymerized resin at 20 and 40 wt.% concentrations in rats.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen male Wister rats were subjected to subcutaneous implantation of conventional resin specimens without DPEPHA (G0) and with DPEPHA at 20 wt.% (G20) and 40 wt.% (G40) concentrations. Then, the rats were subdivided according to the time of resection of the implantation sites at 1, 2, and 4 weeks (n = 6 rats). Tissue specimens were submitted to histopathological analysis.

Results:

Except for 4 weeks' time interval, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the inflammation among the groups at each time interval. The order of inflammation was NC <G40 ≤G20 <G0. Concerning the fibrous capsule thickness, significant difference existed among the groups at each time interval and within the groups at all 3 time intervals (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Composite resin specimens with DPEPHA comonomer exhibited good histocompatibility in rats at 40 wt.% concentration.
Traumatic Ulcerations Frequencies and Postinsertion Adjustment Appointments in Complete Denture Patients
Authors: Saraswati Sony , Razdan Priyanka , Smita  , Aggarwal Monika , Bhowmick Devleena , Priyadarshni Priyanka
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim:

The patient who is wearing a denture after missing teeth faces traumatic ulceration very frequently. This ulceration creates difficulties in denture wearing. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the most common locations of traumatic injuries in form of ulcerations, their frequency, and also the duration and number of adjustment visits required to achieve patient comfort following placement of complete removable dentures.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty edentulous patients were selected from a private clinic. Complete removable dentures were fabricated for all patients. All patients were evaluated for their complaints after denture insertion. Patients were followed up till the problem persisted. Descriptive analysis was done. Chi-squared test was used to differentiate the associations between lesions, postinsertion visits, and gender.

Results:

About 85.62% of patients need denture adjustment because of mucosal injuries during their first visit following. Approximately four appointments are needed for maxillary and six appointments needed for mandibular denture. Male and female have no difference in the number of mucosal injuries in the anatomical area evaluated in the maxilla and mandible using Fisher's exact test (P > 0.05). Mandibular dentures need more appointments than maxillary dentures after post insertion (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The vestibule was the most common site for mucosal injuries which can be corrected by proper extension of denture flanges during border molding. Pressure indicator ink (arti spot) and paste is used to correct the overextended denture flanges.
Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Rotary Instrumentation over Manual Instrumentation with Ultrasonic Irrigation on Incidence, Duration, and Intensity of Postendodontic Pain
Authors: Shandilya Ashutosh , Behera Subasish , Sahu Gourav Kumar , Mallick Rashmi Rekha , Husain Zakir , Chauhan Riddhima
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rotary instrumentation over manual instrumentation with ultrasonic irrigation on incidence, duration, and intensity of postendodontic pain (PEP).

Subjects and Methods:

Eighty patients, with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary anterior teeth, were selected and treated with single-visit endodontic treatment. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (40 each), Group A (K files using step-back technique) and Group B (ProTaper Next using crown-down technique) along with passive ultrasonic irrigation. Patients were recalled, examined, and asked to fill up questionnaire after 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days. On the basis of response given in the feedback forms, incidence, duration, and intensity of PEP were evaluated.

Results:

Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Chi-square test, and level of significance (P < 0.05) was evaluated. More incidence of pain was noticed in Group A when compared with Group B. Significant difference found between two groups (χ
2 = 22.759; P = 0.001). There was also statistically significant difference between two groups at different time intervals.

Conclusion:

Both instrumentation techniques under investigation cause PEP. The incidence of pain was more in manual technique than rotary technique. The duration of pain was higher in manual group than rotary group at different time intervals.
Evaluation of Effect of Aluminum Oxide on Flexural Strength and Surface Roughness of Conventional Heat-Cure Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ranjan Madhu , Chatterjee Ujjal , Gupta Arya , Pandey Souvir , Anand Rohit , Keshri Mritunjay
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

Acrylic denture base tends to fracture frequently during their service due to poor strength. The surface roughness of denture base is a critical property because denture base with rough surface will cause accumulation of food particles, thereby leading plaque retention. Microbes such as candida albicans are seen inhabitating the surface.

Materials and Methods:

Conventional heat cure denture base reins(DPI) and heat cure denture base resin with incorporation of 15wt% aluminium oxide was studied in two groups with 20 samples each. A mold of size 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm (ISO Standard) was obtained by investing brass rectangles. About forty specimens were prepared. Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 20) coded A and B. Group A was the control group (n = 20) without addition of aluminum oxide. Group B was the experimental group (n = 20) with addition of 15 wt % aluminum oxide. All the specimens were stored in distilled water for 14 days. The flexural strength was measured using a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine, and the surface roughness was measured using contact-type profilometer.

Results:

Incorporation of 15wt% aluminum oxide leads to a significant increase in flexural strength and surface roughness of conventional heat-cure denture base resin.
Evaluating the Effect of Ormeloxifene on Multiple Fibroadenomas and Mastalgia
Authors: Brahmachari Swagata , Bhagat Vaishali , Patil Pooja , Vasuniya Vikram
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Most common benign breast conditions presenting in the breast clinics include fibroadenomas and mastalgia, both these conditions cause considerable anxiety in the patients. Among other treatment modalities, the hormonal drug treatments are gaining popularity. Ormeloxifene (centchroman) is an antiestrogenic drug which is shown to have effect in reducing the pain in mastalgia patients and the size of fibroadenoma.

Objectives:

Ormeloxifene is selective antiestrogen and a nonsteroidal drug. It has a discerning antiestrogen action and hence is useful for the treatment of mastalgia and multiple small fibroadenomas. Hence, the objective of our study was to assess the effect of Ormeloxifene (centchroman) on multiple fibroadenoma and mastalgia.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with benign breast disease attending our surgery outpatient department from June 2016 to July 2017. Patients were started on Ormeloxifene 30 mg on alternate days for a period of 3 months. Patients were followed up to 6 months after the inception of the study. Parameters recorded include the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and ultrasonography for breast lump size.

Results:

Thirty patients were included in the study. We found very good response in the mastalgia; the VAS scores in these patients dropped from 10 to 3 in 90% in the 1st week of introduction of the drug, and at the end of 1 month, almost all of the patients were painless. Overall final response was noted in terms of complete dissolution and change in the size was noted in 34% partial response in 46 %, no changes in 17 % and increase in size of fibroadenoma was noted in only one case.

Conclusion:

Novex is proved to be safe drug for the treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma. Its results were great in mastalgia group. At the end of 6 months, the number of surgeries (if needed) decrease and there is considerable improvement in the patient satisfaction rate.
Analyzing Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on Morphometric and Cranial Growth in Indian Population
Authors: Menka Kumari , Anand Kumar , Jha Mrigank Shekhar , Goel Abhinav , Nasreen Saba , Palve Devendra H.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Sickle cell disease is the most pervasive autosomal recessive hereditary blood diseases and is characterized by the presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which in turn gives rise to pathophysiological consequences. This HbS reduces the agility of erythrocytes plummeting their ability to pass through small vascular channels, which in turn results in increased blood viscosity and congestion of vascular beds, causing ischemia, local infarction, and hemolysis.

Objectives:

The current study was conducted to carry out the morphometric analysis in patients with sickle cell disease.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted on 75 subjects detected with sickle cell disease aged between 8 and 16.5 years. The study involved 38 males and 37 females. All the subjects were subjected to lateral cephalogram for the calculation of various angular and linear dimensions of the craniofacial structures. The linear measurements made were nasion-menton height, anterior nasal spine (ANS)-menton height, and nasion-ANS height, whereas the angular measurements made were Frankfurt mandibular plane angle, Frankfort mandibular incisor angle, and incisor mandibular plane angle.

Results:

Major chunk of the subjects had retruded mandible and vertical growth pattern. Few subjects exhibited with maxillary protrusion.

Conclusion:

It is concluded that early diagnosis and management of dental malocclusion in patients with sickle cell disease plays a pivotal role in an attempt to endow with a better quality of life to these individuals.
To Evaluate and Compare the Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Formocresol, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Electrocautery, and Bioactive Glass when used for Pulpotomy in Human Primary Teeth
Authors: Haideri Safia , Koul Monika , Raj Rachna , Salam Sharib Abdus , kalim Md Shadab , Gupta Vivek
Published: February 2023

Aims:

The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of formocresol (FC), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), electrocautery, and bioactive glass (BAG) when used for pulpotomy in human primary teeth.

Settings and Design:

The present study comprised of total four Groups A, B, C, and D; the selected children for the procedure were randomly divided into four groups according to the type of agent used as Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D, respectively, having 20 teeth.

Methodology:

In this study, pulpotomies were performed on the respective teeth. The teeth were treated using either FC, MTA, electrocautery, and BAG. Following the pulpotomy procedure, the teeth were evaluated for the clinical and radiographic success for 3, 6, and 12 months. The teeth were evaluated for the presence of pain, swelling, internal and external resorption, and radiolucency.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Fisher's exact test and Yates corrected Chi-square test is used.

Results:

After 12 months of follow-up, the clinical and radiographic success rates were high. Comparing the frequency (%) of overall clinical success rate of four groups at 12 months, the Chi-square test revealed significantly different and higher overall clinical success rate in MTA as compared to other groups, especially FC and EC at 12 months. Comparing the frequency (%) of overall radiographic success rate of four groups at 12 months, the Chi-square test revealed significantly different and higher overall radiographic success rate in MTA as compared to other groups, especially FC and EC at 12 months.

Conclusions:

In this study, the success rates of MTA, BAG, and FC are matching their physical and chemical properties which have been detailed and explained earlier.
Reliability of C-reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Cardiovascular and Oral Diseases in Young and Old Subjects
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Kumar Saurav , Sinha Sonal , Askari Mehdi , Priya Swati , Kumar Shubham J
Published: February 2023

Background:

Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), periodontal diseases, and other inflammatory diseases and can be an effective biomarker for predicting future risks of periodontal diseases.

Aims:

The present trial was carried out to evaluate if CRP levels are lower in healthy and young individuals as compared to individuals with high body mass index (BMI), gingival index, and CVDs by assessing CRP levels in young and old individuals (more than 45 years).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 174 participants were recruited for the study and were divided into three following groups: Less than 45 years healthy participants (n = 124), more than 45 years healthy participants, and more 45-year-old participants with CVDs (n = 25). The collected data were subjected to the statistical analysis.

Results:

In Group I, females had a CRP level of 8476 ± 6.86 pg, females of Group II had a CRP value of 13,262 ± 3.76, and in females of Group III CRP value was 22,761 ± 6.24 pg. These values, respectively, for males were 8494 ± 7.68, 13,840 ± 4.82, and 13,839 ± 3.8. In smokers, the CRP values for Group I, II, and III were 29,012 ± 14.66, 12,568 ± 4.16, and 16,826 ± 3.42, respectively.

Conclusion:

CRP levels were higher in males as compared to females. Higher BMI was associated with higher values of CRP. The participants with higher BMI presented higher CRP values irrespective of age.
Skills, Knowledge, and Implementation of Techniques for Behavioral Guidance in Adults with a Fear of Dentistry
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Raj Vaibhav , Askari Mehdi , Toshi Toshi , Gopalakrishnan Dipti , Kumari Khushboo , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is considered the main reason of dental negligence which can lead to detrimental oral health as well as overall health including psychological well-being and quality of life in an individual.

Aims:

The present trial was aimed to assess the skill and knowledge of dentists in managing DFA in adult subjects, to evaluate the available strategies used in treating such subjects, and to find the need for further education.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was an original survey and questionnaire trial, which was distributed to the 82 dentists. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.

Results:

Educating and motivating subjects was found to be effective by 62.19% (n = 51) of dentists followed by successive approximation, and muscle relaxation was considered highly ineffective by one responder (1.21%). Music and reduced waiting time in the clinic appeared to be the most effective strategy as responded by 56.09% (n = 46) of dentists. Attempting treatment in various visits than a single seems to be a highly ineffective technique by 4 dentists (4.87%).

Conclusion:

Within its limitation, the study showed that the application of various behavior modification techniques can be effective in alleviating DFA in adult patients.
Evaluation of Remineralization Seen in Dentin Related to Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Sairam Gangishetti , Aidasani Gaurav L. , Madanshetty Pallavi , Priya Swati , Kawle Sahil
Published: February 2023

Background:

Recently, the caries management had shifted from extension for prevention to early detection and remineralization of remaining tooth structure using noninvasive techniques.

Aim:

The present trial was carried out to assess the effect of adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate as a surfactant to ceramic on remineralization of dentin.

Materials and Methods:

The 32 teeth were divided into the following four groups randomly (n = 8 each group) – Group I: cavities not restored, Group II: Restored with ceramic, Group III: restored with ceramic and 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group IV: restored with ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Knoop indenter microhardness tests were done at 10, 20, and 40 days. The surface was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated.

Results:

In ceramic restored (Group II), an increase in Knoop microhardness (KHN) values was seen at 10-, 20-, and 40-day assessment with the respective values of 102.2 ± 20.3, 118.7 ± 19.4, and 127 ± 15.1. Similarly, a constant increase at different assessments was observed for Groups III and IV with 2% and 5% of mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate with ceramic with a 40-day KHN value of 128.2 ± 21.4 for Group III and 113.5 ± 17.3 for Group IV. A statistically significant difference was seen between ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate (Group IV) with hardness values of 30.31%, 29.8%, and 21.78% for Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, at 20 days.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that ceramic restorations are effective in promoting dentin remineralization. However, the addition of only 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate was beneficial, whereas 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceramic on dentin remineralization.
Evaluation of Change in Surface Enamel Microhardness in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy – A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Rajendran Ramya , Sudhakar V. , Rangarajan R. Sumanth , Chinnasamy Anandadevi , Vasupradha G. , Jeeva J. Sathiya
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This study aims at determining the amount of enamel decalcification in terms of microhardness.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients requiring treatment by extraction method for Class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for the study. Twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. In the control group (n = 40), extraction of permanent first premolars was done on day 1 of bonding to assess the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of enamel surface, and in the experimental group (n = 40), extraction of the contralateral premolars was done on the 28th day after bonding to assess the VHN of enamel surface. The values are tabulated and analyzed by SPSS software.

Results:

There is significant surface enamel dissolution of enamel crystals in the experimental group compared to the control group, and a statistically significant difference in VHN is evident between the control and experimental groups. The surface enamel dissolution (VHN) is not significant difference noted between mandibular and maxillary premolars of the control and experimental groups.

Conclusion:

The present study has demonstrated a higher level of surface enamel dissolution in the experimental group. There is a marked difference in the VHN between the control and experimental groups, which is statistically significant. The scanning electron microscopy study also confirms the presence of surface enamel demineralization following orthodontic bonding.
Comparative Evaluation of Classical Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Gow-gates Nerve Block for Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Thomas Abhilash Mathews , Mangalath Ummar , Abida Roshni , Aslam Sachin , Soman Sooraj , Nair Rakesh B.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The most commonly used nerve block procedure to anesthetize the mandibular arch is the classical inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). In 1973, Gow-Gates developed a new procedure known as the Gow Gates nerve block, to achieve anesthesia in the same area with fewer complications.

Methodology:

The study comprised 80 patients who reported for the surgical removal of impacted third molar. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups– Group I received Gow-gates nerve block and Group II were administered classical IANB. Positive aspiration, meantime for the onset of anesthesia, mouth opening before and after each block and pain during the surgical procedure were compared.

Results:

Group 1 yielded positive aspiration in 2.5% of the cases (one patient) and 15% had positive aspiration in Group 2 (six patient). The mean time taken for onset of anesthesia was 6.16 min in Group 1 as compared to 2.78 min in Group 2. While comparing the quality of anesthesia between the blocks, 87.5% of the patients in Group 1 and Group 2 had successful anesthesia equally i.e., 35 of the 40 patients fell into category 1 and 2 of the eight-point category rating scale in both the groups and the remaining five patients (12.5%) in both the groups had unsuccessful anesthesia.

Conclusion:

Both approaches offer quality anesthesia in the posterior mandibular area when meticulously followed. The percentage of unsuccessful anesthesia in the Gow-Gates group could be attributed to the inexperience of the operator. Postoperative comfort and patient satisfaction were greater in the other group.
Knowledge and Experience of Women about Dental Services Utilization during Pregnancy
Authors: Swathi Kapu , Koothati Ramesh Kumar , Motor Rashmitha Roy , Priyadarshini  , RajaShekar C. H. , Vallakonda Sunayana
Published: February 2023

Aim of the Study:

The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and experience of women about dental services utilization during pregnancy.

Methodology:

A hospital-based, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 women of age between 18 and 45 years who attended Malla Reddy Dental Hospital during 3 months period from October 2019 to December 2019. A questionnaire was distributed to all the participants who had given consent to participate in the study.

Results:

Only 30.7% of the participants attended for dental checkup during their pregnancy. Among them, most of the people (52%) had visited dentist for toothache, followed by gum care (29.34%) and regular checkup (18.47%). Most of the subjects (69.3%) did not use dental services as they were unaware of dental checkup during pregnancy. A significant difference was found between the urban and rural participants regarding the visit to the dentist during pregnancy (P = 0.000, Chi-square value = 19.157).

Conclusion:

Most of the women unaware of dental checkup during pregnancy. They were also not sure aware of dental treatments which can be done during pregnancy and consequences of poor oral hygiene on pregnancy outcome.
Fertility Awareness and Perceptions among Procreant Age Group in Western India
Authors: Banerjee Sonali , Mathews N. Mary
Published: February 2023

Background:

In India, fertility rate demonstrates a descending trend whereas there is upsurge in infertility rate. In addition, a knowledge gap concerning fertility has been identified among the current generation.

Aim:

To quantify the fertility awareness and in-depth exploration of perceptions about fertility among procreant age group.

Materials and Methods:

Explanatory mixed method design with sequential data collection, nested sampling technique was assumed. Purposive sampling was incorporated to recruit 1000 participants into the prospective cohort study. Awareness was measured using fertility knowledge questionnaire, while qualitative data were collected by in-depth interview of 28 participants until data saturation. The study was intact in terms of ethical compliance.

Results:

Sociodemographic data revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 31.33 ± 6.4 years, 59.6% were female, 78.3% were married, 61.5% completed their university education, 76.0% were working. The mean of overall fertility awareness score was 50.2 ± 13.5. There was no statistical difference in responses of the subgroups (P > 0.05) and only educational status was significantly associated (P = 0.001*) with awareness scores. Perceptions pertinent to fertility were evidently varying amongst the general group and couples accessing fertility treatment, which subsequently was elucidated with the qualitative thematic analysis.

Conclusion:

Procreant age group of western India demonstrated low to average fertility awareness. Assertive recommendations were proposed for fertility awareness initiatives across both genders, irrespective of educational status.
Leptin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Alaguselvaraj Joseph , Selvaraj Kandanraj , Bhaskaran Porselvi , Chidambaram Sainath Muthiah , Rajasekaran Thanigainathan , Mani Muralimani
Published: February 2023

Aim:

To evaluate the levels of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement and to find the role of leptin as a mediator for tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:

GCF was collected from 25 subjects and the levels of leptin in it were measured. Sample (A) pretreatment, (B) 6 h after applying retractive orthodontic force from right side canine, (C) without retractive force from left side canine, and after 21 days from right canine (D), and left canine (E).

Results:

GCF Leptin concentration in pretreatment, 6 h control and 21st day control were all similar. GCF leptin concentration at 6 h test tooth site was increased which was statistically significant. GCF leptin concentration in 21st day test tooth was decreased only a little than the control tooth which shows statistically no difference.

Conclusion:

Leptin is one of the mediators of orthodontic tooth movement.
Assessment of Effect of Periodontal and Prosthodontic Therapy on Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Bala Suman , Kumari Ranjna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of periodontal and prosthodontic therapy on glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

80 type II diabetics patients of both genders were divided into Group I (periodontal and prosthodontic therapy) and Group II (Healthy). In control group, only oral hygiene instruction and mouth wash were prescribed.

Results:

Group I had 22 males and 18 females and Group II had 17 males and 23 females. The mean glycated hemoglobin level in Group I was 7.8% before and 6.7% after treatment and in Group II was 6.4% before and 6.2% after treatment. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

There was improvement in glycemic status in diabetic patients undergoing periodontal and prosthodontic therapy as compared to those not undergoing treatment.
Esthetic and Palliative Management of Congenitally Missing Anterior Teeth using All Ceramic Fixed Prosthesis
Authors: Kannaiyan Karthik , Prasad Veerendra , Chander V. Bhanu , Avinash Ramavarapu , Kouser Afreen
Published: February 2023

Congenitally missing anterior teeth alters the patient's physiognomy and diction in a big way. Maxillary incisor agenesis, prominently the lateral incisor is the most common congenitally missing permanent tooth, in the anterior maxillary region, which is the esthetic zone, representing approximately 20% of all dental anomalies. Treatment planning is inclusive of; smile design, preparation, perception of the patients, and their expectations in relation to esthetics, interdisciplinary alliance that meets the functional, health, and esthetic needs. A critical factor for the overall success is that of choosing a suitable restorative recourse. The case report describes the esthetic rehabilitation for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor and early traumatic loss of central incisor using an all ceramic-fixed prosthesis.
Evaluating CagA and VacA Oncoproteins of Helicobacter pylori in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Sekar Ramya , Dhayashankar Prabhu Shankar , Mathivanan Abirami , Mahabob Nazargi , Rao Jingade Krishnojirao Dayashankara , Mohsin Syed Fareed
Published: February 2023

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders such as leukoplakia, lichenplanus, Oral Submucous Fibrosis are most commonly encountered precancerous lesions in India. Although, usage of smoking tobacco has been decreased yet incidence of oral cancer seems to be in increasing trend. Apart from tobacco many non-tobacco causes are associated with the disease. Helicobacter pylori is a curved, flagellated bacterium that has been declared as group I carcinogen by WHO. They are proven causative agent for gastric carcinoma. They have been shown to harbour oral cavity by many authours. They produce onco-protein that causes DNA damage. CagA and VacA are such proteins that modulate certain oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. In this study we have identified the organism from sub gingival plaque by PCR and those who harboured the organism were further subjected for identification of oncoproteins CagA and VacA by ELISA. This study shows that presence of organism in Oral leucoplakia, oral lichenplanus and Oral Submucous Fibrosis are statistically significant in comparison to control group (p>0.05). The presence of oncoproteins was also statistically significant in comparison to control group. These proteins are shown to accelerate inflammatory pathway thereby hasten the process of tumorigenesis. H.pylori infection as well the virulent strains can be diagnosed from oral cavity in the most non-invasive way at the earliest
Assessment of Correlation of Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Singh Beena , Kumari Shweta
Published: February 2023

Background:

The present study aimed to assess the correlation of oxidative stress glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

Methodology:

Forty-eight type II DM patients and healthy subjects were recruited. In all, G6PD activity, protein carbonyl, and total thiol levels were measured.

Results:

The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.4% in Group I and 5.2% in Group II, G6PD activity was 6.5 U/gHb in Group I and 8.2 U/gHb in Group II, protein carbonyl was 14.2 nmol/mg protein in Group I and 3.5 nmol/mg protein in Group II, and total thiol level was 204.7 μmol/mL in Group I and 318.2 μmol/mL in Group II. In Group I, G6PD activity positively correlated with total thiol (r = 0.62) and negatively correlated with protein carbonyl (r = −0.73) and HbA1C (r = −0.67), protein carbonyl positively correlated with HbA1C (r =0.45) and negatively correlated with total thiol (r = −0.84), and total thiol negatively correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.30).

Conclusion:

G6PD may be considered a biomarker of oxidative stress and poor glycemic control in diabetic patients.
To Compare the Accuracy of 0.022 Inch Slot of Stainless Steel and Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets Marketed by Different Manufacturers
Authors: Divya Perumallapalli , Banswada Santosh Reddy , Kukunuru Shilpa Reddy , Kavya Keerthi B. , Rathod R. Ravi , Polavarapu Keerthi Chowdary
Published: February 2023

Aim of the Study:

The aim of the present study was to analyze the accuracy of 0.022 inch slot of stainless steel and ceramic orthodontic brackets marketed by different manufacturers.

Materials and Methods:

An in vitro study was done on upper left central incisor bracket of MBT 0.022 slot of American orthodontics (AO), 3M Unitek, Ormco with each 20 of stainless steel and ceramic brackets divided into six groups, and the total sample was 120. The brackets were scanned with stereo microscope of Magnus Company and Image Pro plus analysis software was used to evaluate the mesial face and base, distal face and base.

Results:

Comparison in between the groups of stainless steel showed that 3M Unitek brackets showed higher slot widths as compared to AO and Ormco which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Comparison in between the groups of ceramic brackets of AO brackets showed higher slot widths as compared to Ormco and 3M Unitek ceramic brackets which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

By this study, there was a difference between stated values and measured values of brackets displaying inaccuracies in dimension. A clear impreciseness about the appliance could be needed during the finishing and detailing stage to avoid loss of torque control due to slot oversize and the divergence of slot walls.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Property of Amla on Bond Strength and Color Stability of Power Bleached Teeth
Authors: Gupta Shweta , Shankar Parinitha Mysore , Bannimath Gurupadayya , Doddawad Vidya G , Annapoorna B M
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Objective: To assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract in reversing the compromised bond strength and to assess the antioxidant property of 10% amla extract and Elsenz on the color stability of power bleached teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Ninty extracted single-rooted maxillary anterior were collected and divided as follows: The labial surfaces of 30 samples were subjected to power bleaching after which the samples were divided into three groups– Group I (control), Group II (antioxidant amla), and Group III (Elsenz) with n = 10 in each which were then stained with a coffee solution for 10 mins. The color difference was recorded with a colorimeter at baseline, after bleaching, after 7, and after 15 days of staining. sixty specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) as following: Group I (immediate bonding); Group II (bleaching + immediate bonding); Group III (bleaching + antioxidant and immediate bonding); Group IV (bleaching + 1 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group V (bleaching + 2 week storage + antioxidant + bonding); Group VI (bleaching + 2 week storage + bonding). All the specimens were tested for shear bond strength in universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test.

Results:

Conclusion:

Elsenz showed the least staining followed by artificial saliva. 10% Amla extract neither was effective in preventing staining of power bleached enamel nor in restoring the poor bond strength of power bleached enamel.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Permanent First Molars Reinforced with Diagonal Horizontal Postdesign
Authors: Venkataraman Karunakaran Jeyaraman , Venkatapathi Aravindhan , Balasubramanian Sathyanarayanan , Palanivelu Chandrika Ramanathan , Swaminathan Senthil Kumar , Samuel Leo Sujith , Thanapathi Sathya
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This study aims to compare fracture resistance of mandibular first molars reinforced with diagonally placed horizontal posts after endodontic therapy.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-two mandibular first molar teeth were selected, standardized, divided into four groups (GP) – GP I (endodontically treated-no post)), GP II (horizontal post-buccolingual), GP III (horizontal postdiagonal), and GP IV (natural teeth). The individual teeth were mounted on bases, coded, and suitably prepared for the facture testing procedure.

Results:

Buccolingual type of fracture was the most common among the experimental groups with a percentage of incidence of 37.50%. The cuspal type of fracture was the next most common with a percentage of incidence of 25.0%. The incidence of mesiodistal, comminuted, and proximal type of fractures was also observed and had a percentage of incidence of 9.38%, 9.38%, and 9.38%, respectively. Group IV had the highest fracture resistance with a mean value of 1279.82 (N). Group I, Group II, and Group III had mean values of 684.16(N), 756.84(N), and 758.17(N), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Gp IV and Gp (I–III) in load values of root fracture (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that diagonally placed horizontal postdesign has a higher resistance to facture when compared to buccolingually place horizontal postdesign and root canal treated non postgroup. These designs have the potential to be a conservative postendodontic management option. Further evaluation of different horizontal postdesigns and assessment in a clinical setting is recommended.
To Evaluate the Prevalence of Edentulousness, the Present Prosthetic Status, and the Need for Prosthetic Treatment in the Population of Garhwa, Jharkhand
Authors: Mishra Amit Kumar , Thakur Manoj Kumar , Madihalli Anand Uday , Piplani Ankita , Atreya Roseneel , Jain Arvind
Published: February 2023

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of edentulousness, the present prosthetic status, and the need for prosthetic treatment in the population of Garhwa, Jharkhand.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the population of Garhwa, Jharkhand. The sample size included 460 subjects belonging to an age group of 25 years and above. Detailed case history and thorough dental examination was done and all the findings were recorded and compiled. Each subject was interrogated with the help of a predesigned closed ended questionnaire.

Results:

A total of six patients were completely edentulous, while 55.04% of males and 42.80% of females were partially edentulous. All patients who were completely edentulous were denture wearer, while among partially edentulous patients, 6.31% of males and 3.15% of females had RPD and 13.68% and 6.31% of males and females, respectively, had FPD as prosthesis. Prosthetic status of females was better than males In a comparison of prosthetic status between male and female, out of 460 subjects, 195 subjects opted for prosthesis, in which 117 were male and 78 were female.

Conclusion:

Community-based oral health education programs should be conducted to improve patients' oral health knowledge. Educating patients regarding the limitations of prosthesis as mechanical substitutes for natural teeth must be a continuing process from the initial patient contact until adjustments are completed.
Evaluation of Adiponectin and Resistin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Before and After Treatment
Authors: Fairlin P. , Raja S. A. Jacob , James Johnson Raja , Kumar Tamil Selvan , Shankar Ravi , Divya S.
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to find out the association of adiponectin and resistin levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with the clinical parameters before and after scaling and root planing in periodontitis patients.

Methods:

A total of 50 patients were recruited from the Outpatient Department of Periodontics, JKK Nattraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional ethical board. Informed consent was obtained from the patients and the study-related procedures were explained. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (25 patients) consisted of healthy patients. Group II (25 patients) consisted of periodontitis patients. The periodontitis patients after treatment were considered as Group III. GCF samples were collected before treatment and 21 days after treatment. The levels of adiponectin and resistin were evaluated using Immunotag™ Human RETN enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (ITEH0269) and Immunotag™ Human ADP (adiponectin) ELISA kit (ITEH2593). The levels were correlated with the clinical parameters.

Results:

There were an increase in the mean adiponectin level and a decrease in the mean resistin level at the end of periodontal therapy.

Conclusions:

Adiponectin which is an anti-inflammatory component was found to increase after periodontal therapy, and resistin which is an inflammatory component has been decreased after periodontal therapy.