bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION ON NITROGEN CONTENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL COTTON FABRIC TREATED WITH CHITOSAN
Authors: Luu Thi Tho , Vu Thi Hong Khanh , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Thi Kim Thu
Published: October 2024

The study aims to evaluate the nitrogen content on antibacterial cotton fabrics treated with chitosan using four different quantitative determination methods: field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), dyeability of antibacterial treated samples based on color strength (K/S), elemental analyses via combustion tests, and antibacterial ability under dynamic contact conditions or the dynamic shake flask test. The nitrogen content was analyzed under the effects of molecular weight (MW) of chitosan (2.6 kDa and 187 kDa), crosslinkers including citric acid (CA) and dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHE), and washing cycles. The findings from these measurements not only determined the nitrogen content of antibacterial cotton fabric but also elucidated the bonding mechanism between cellulose and chitosan in the presence of crosslinking compounds. Consequently, the antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan could be indirectly assessed through the nitrogen content obtained from the amine groups of finishing compounds.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFUNGAL FINISHES FOR WATER HYACINTH PRODUCTS
Authors: Poomfuang Krit , Jariyapunya Nareerut , Hathaiwaseewong Sunee , Roungpaisan Nanjaporn , Thongsalee Areeya , Jingjit Piyanut , Venkataraman Mohanapriya
Published: October 2024

This work discusses the research conducted to develop an appropriate agent to enhance the anti-fungal properties of water hyacinth stalks, which are commonly used in handicraft products in Thailand. The objective of the research was to find an agent that would prevent fungal infestations, prolong the shelf life of the products, and ultimately increase the income for the craft makers. The initial experiment involved treating cotton fabrics with three different antifungal solutions: Chitosan, Zinc Pyrithione, and Poly (allylamine hydrochloride). These treated samples were then tested with Aspergillus niger, a common fungal strain, using the standard antifungal test AATCC 30. Among the three finishes, the fabric treated with Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) displayed the highest anti-fungal properties. However, the fabric treated with Zinc Pyrithione effectively inhibited fungal growth but left visible white particles on the fabric. Chitosan, on the other hand, did not significantly inhibit fungal growth. Based on these test results, it was concluded that a solution of Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) can be employed as a finishing agent for water hyacinth to enhance its antifungal properties in water hyacinth-based products. Additionally, it was found that a higher concentration of Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (100 g/L) is necessary to effectively prevent fungal growth on water hyacinth stalks. By utilizing this research, local Thai communities can enhance the durability and longevity of their water hyacinth handicraft products, reducing the impact of fungal infestations and increasing their income.
THE EFFECT OF COMPRESSION STOCKING ON LEGS’ GEOMETRY CHANGES WITHIN DIFFERENT MOVEMENT
Authors: Kyzymchuk Olena , Riabchykov Mykola , Kyosev Yordan , Melnyk Liudmyla , Boll Jessika
Published: October 2024

In this study, the changes in leg size and shape as well as pressure at different sites of a lower leg were investigated using advanced tools such as the Move4D scan system and Texsens pressure measuring device. The effect of the class of compression stocking, wearing time, and movement type was analyzed for one volunteer. It is the basis for the high-accuracy ready-to-wear compression stocking development based on the concept of personalization.
SYNCHROTRON BASED X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BASALT FIBERS
Authors: Lichtenberg Henning , Mahltig Boris , Klysubun Wantana , Prange Alexander , Hormes Josef
Published: October 2024

X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Thailand) was used to investigate temperature related structural changes in basalt fibers. As a first step, XANES spectra of fiber samples cut from a basalt roving heated for 1 hour at 800 °C were recorded at the K absorption edges of three chemical elements and compared with the spectra of the untreated fibers. Silicon and calcium K-edge XANES spectra of the fibers were not affected by heating, whereas iron K-edge XANES spectra were significantly influenced by heating at 800 °C. The high iron content in basalt fibers has been attributed to their higher thermal stability compared to common natural or synthetic fibers. As a next step, iron K-edge XANES spectra of two types of fibers (basalt roving and uncoated chopped fibers) were recorded after heating at temperatures between 600 °C and 900 °C. In both cases, with increasing temperature the absorption edge shifts to higher energies, indicating progressing oxidation of the iron atoms in the fibers. These experiments demonstrate the potential of X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a powerful analytical tool to investigate structural changes in basalt fibers upon heating and to correlate them with changes in their mechanical properties.
Remote sensing assessment of wildfire using high-resolution PlanetScope satellite observations: A case study on Co Tien Mountain, Nha Trang City, Vietnam
Authors: Pham-Duc Binh , Nguyen Ho
Published: October 2024

In this study, high spatial resolution (3 m) PlanetScope (PS) imagery was utilized to map burned areas caused by a wildfire occurring on January 10, 2024, on Co Tien Mountain in Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province, South Central Coast of Vietnam. A pre-fire image, acquired ten days earlier, on December 31, 2023, and a post-fire one, acquired nearly one month after, on February 04, 2024, were used to create pre- and post-fire Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps of the study area, then the difference of NDVI (dNDVI). A threshold (T = 0.20), proposed by the author, was applied to the histogram of the dNDVI product to classify the study area into two clusters: burned pixels (dNDVI > T) and unburned pixels (dNDVI <= T). Classification results estimate that a total of 16.11 ha of grass, reeds, small shrubs and vegetation have been burned out during the wildfire. A field trip is required to map the burned areas using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for an accurate validation of results derived purely from PS satellite observations. Although lacking a ground truth dataset for validation is a significant limitation, the proposed approach remains beneficial for local managers and decision-makers. It enables the rapid assessment of damages caused by small wildfires and provides essential data for effective disaster management and recovery planning, particularly in remote areas.
Harnessing synergistic metabolism: Bioelectricity and color removal from palm oil mill effluent in bacteria consortium – microalgae microbial fuel cell
Authors: Kongthong Alisa , Chaijak Pimprapa
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the application of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) system integrated with freshwater microalgae
Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67for wastewater treatment, electricity generation, and bio-oil production. The MFC with
Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67achieved a significantly higher open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 413.67 ± 15.67 mV compared to the control (13.33 ± 6.38 mV), indicating enhanced bioelectrocatalytic activity. The system also demonstrated efficient organic matter removal from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with a maximum color removal of 95.12 ± 3.50%. Furthermore, Chlorella sp. TSU-FF67
recovered from the PMFC exhibited a remarkable docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) yield of 1,932.28 ± 88.69 µg/mL (1.93 ± 0.08 mg/mL), highlighting its potential as a feedstock for bio-oil production. This work presents a promising approach for sustainable wastewater treatment while simultaneously generating bioelectricity and bio-oil using microalgae-MFC integration.
Variability of soil chemical properties and rice productivity in salt-affected soil in the north coastal rice field of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kartikawati Rina , Kurniasih Budiastuti , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Hanudin Eko
Published: October 2024

A coastal rice field is generally characterized by salt-affected soil and low soil quality for rice cultivation. Identifying soil chemical properties in these areas is necessary to determine soil management options for rice production. Therefore, soil samples were collected from 33 sampling points in the Wedung Sub-district of Demak Regency in the late dry season of 2021 to evaluate the variation among soil chemical characteristics in a coastline rice field. Soil samples were obtained beneath the topsoil (0-20 cm soil depth) and observed for electrical conductivity, exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. Soils in the research field were categorized as slightly salty (0.75-2 dS m-1) to lightly salty (2.0-4.0 dS m-1) with very high sodium (>2 cmol(+) kg-1). Exchangeable potassium was dominated by moderate (0.3-0.7 cmol(+) kg-1) and low categories (0.2-0.3 cmol(+) kg-1). Based on soil calcium-to-magnesium ratios, around 6% of all samples were classified as calcium-deficient. The range of soil cation exchange capacity was 22-30 cmol(+) kg-1 and classified as high soil cation exchange capacity. Rice productivity in the salt-affected soil was around 4 t ha-1. Strategies for soil and controlling plants, such as soil amelioration and salt-tolerant rice cultivars, should be pursued to support plant growth and enhance rice productivity in the salt-affected soil, particularly in the coastal area.
The effect of cow manure amendment and the ratio of gold mine tailings on sweet potato gold phytomining
Authors: Noviardi Rhazista , Joy Benny , Sudirja Rija , Setiawati Mieke Rochimi , Djuwansah Muhamad Rachman , Karuniawan Agung , Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Suryatmana Pujawati
Published: October 2024

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining has commonly used the mercury amalgamation method for gold ore extraction. The processing waste or tailings often contain gold and other metals. This study examined the effects of cow manure amendment and the ratio of gold mine tailings on sweet potato     (Ipomoea batatas L.) gold phytomining. The pot experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture greenhouse at Padjadjaran University in Indonesia. The sweet potato MZ119 clone (an orange-fleshed sweet potato) was planted on a polybag (40 x 40 cm) consisting of 10 kg of planting media, which was a mixture of gold mine tailing and soil. The design used was a completely randomized design factorial with three replications. The first factor was ratios of gold mine tailing consisting of three levels, namely 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% (w/w). The second factor was doses of organic manure, namely without cow manure, 250 g pot-1, 500 g pot-1, and 750 g pot-1. The results demonstrated that the application of cow dung and the gold mine tailings ratio (w/w) had a significant (p = 0.05) effect on plants' dry weight biomass, gold accumulation, and gold phytomining by sweet potato. The highest gold mass yield of 0.066 mg gold plant-1 was achieved by a 50% (w/w) gold mine tailing ratio and 750 g pot-1 cow manure treatment.
Soil properties of overburden and topsoil in limestone mining area: A preliminary study
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Mauludy Noor Muhammad , Sumbada Rifyal Achmad Rivaldi , Sandrawati Apong , Arifin Mahfud
Published: October 2024

Limestone mining removes topsoil and produces overburden piles, which is improper for plant growth. The objectives of this study were to compare the texture, certain chemical properties, and bacterial population of overburden to the topsoil and to observe the effects of compost amendment on the growth of corn seedlings on the potted overburden. The overburden characterization was performed using a quantitative descriptive method with purposive sampling. Samples were taken from a 6-month-old overburden pile and a pine-vegetable agroforestry ecosystem. The data were further analyzed by using the Student’s t-test. A bioassay was set up in                            a randomized block design with various concentration compost treatments and five replications. The results showed significant differences between texture, chemical characteristics, and bacterial counts of overburden and topsoil were recorded. The topsoil was more acidic and had higher organic carbon, potential phosphorus, potential potassium, and cation exchange capacity, while the overburden had higher levels of calcium; however, the total N and Magnesium content in topsoil and overburden was similar. The bacterial population of the overburden was lower than in the topsoil. A total of 16 gram-negative and one gram-positive bacteria have been identified from both samples. Applying huge amounts of compost enhanced corn seedlings' growth in the overburden. The study suggested that overburden was more unfertile compared to the topsoil. Therefore, the improvement of overburden properties by compost amendment is needed to green the area.
Substantiation of the technology for reducing dilution by changing the direction of water flow in the dredge section
Authors: Kislyakov Victor E , Zubov Pavel A , Kokorev Alexander S
Published: October 2024

The global demand for gold was considered, as well as the ratio of placer gold to ore. It is revealed that there is an increase in the cost of gold mining. This is due to the fact that deposits with simple mining and geological conditions are currently depleted. The dredge method of developing placer deposits is considered. To reduce the cost, the problem of diluting the tailings of ephel dumps was considered. As a solution, a technology for reducing dilution by changing the direction of water flow is proposed. Modeling was carried out and patterns were identified between variables affecting the technological process. This technology can significantly reduce water turbidity, which has a positive effect on the environmental situation in the dredging area. The justification of the technology is given. Also, to justify the effectiveness of the proposed technology, a calculation example is considered. The given example allows us to identify water contamination under various technology options.
Features of seasonal biogeochemical element migration in the "soil-plant" system: A case study of Bambusoideae in the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park (Central Vietnam)
Authors: Pham Cam Nhung , Lebedev Yaroslav , Drygval Anna , Gorbunov Roman , Gorbunova Tatiana , Kuznetsov Andrei , Kuznetsova Svetlana , Nguyen Dang Hoi
Published: October 2024

The article presents unique research conducted in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Vietnam, focusing on the biogeochemical element migration in soil and plants. The study aimed to identify element content changes, biological accumulation, and biogeochemical mobility during wet and dry seasons across different landscape conditions. The research revealed the active elements involved in migration and accumulation, assessed mobility and accumulation in bamboo organs, and highlighted the peculiarities within the "soil-plant" system. The study found that the uptake of certain microelements by plants is influenced by landscape facies and moisture conditions. For example, Zn, Cu, and Co were introduced through plant litter during the wet season and accumulated, while Mo accumulation was more pronounced in the dry season. Furthermore, the research observed variations in biological uptake by bamboo organs, with different landscape conditions and seasons playing a role. The biogeochemical mobility of elements in bamboo organs increased significantly with soil moisture during the wet season. Overall, the research provided insights into element accumulation and biogeochemical migration. Notably, the accumulation of element B was found to increase with soil moisture, while its reduction was associated with slope process activation during the wet season.
The application of organic mulch and chicken manure for improving soil water availability and yield of turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) in an Inceptisol of Jambi, Indonesia
Authors: Sunarti  , Lizawati
Published: October 2024

Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) is one of the agricultural commodities being developed by the Jambi Province of Indonesia. However, despite the high value of turmeric, its productivity in Jambi Province is low. This is because the crop is mostly cultivated in marginal lands dominated by Inceptisol, which has low fertility and low water availability. Organic mulch and chicken manure have the potential to be used to improve soil water availability and crop yield. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic mulch cover and chicken manure on soil water availability and turmeric yield. The treatments tested were combinations of various percentages of organic mulch cover (30%, 60%, and 90%, and chicken manure dosage (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1). The twelve treatment combinations were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that the combination of the percentage of organic mulch cover and chicken manure dosage affected soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, soil pore size distribution, soil water availability, and turmeric yield. The application of 30% cover of organic mulch and 10 t ha-1 of chicken manure was found to be the best combination to improve soil available water and turmeric yield. The regression analysis results showed that soil bulk density, organic carbon, fast-drainage pores, and slow-drainage pores simultaneously affected the soil water content, with an R2 value of 0.85. The results of this study proved that soil available water is also closely correlated with turmeric yield.
Revisiting factors influencing premature closure of small-scale miners: A case study of quarry mines
Authors: Mahlaule Ntiyiso Ally , Rapholo Maropene Tebello Dinah , Sengani Fhatuwani
Published: October 2024

This study accentuates the significant contribution of small-scale mining (SM) to stimulating economic development, providing employment, and developing infrastructure. Nevertheless, the continuing premature shutdown of SM bodes ill for economic recovery. To get an idea of these underlying reasons, a systematic review of all articles published in the scientific literature was calculated using Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The application of Boolean operators guided the collection of key insights utilising the PRISMA protocol. Tools like ggplot2 (for graphs) and word clouds in RStudio helped us recognise patterns. Analysis was facilitated with ggplot2, showing boxplots and bar charts of quantitative variables between quarry types and geographical regions. At the same time, word clouds also gave us insights into the most common expressions and, thus, the main reasons behind quarry closures. Further, the research revealed a lack of subsurface geological data, which is needed to estimate mineral resources in SM accurately. It also identified a relation with under-exploration leading to early abandonment which in turn increases the chance of misclassification of mineral reserves. Consequently, the study advocates for further research to devise practical strategies for managing mineral resources effectively in small-scale mining operations.
Improvement of growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown on degraded acid soil with the application of liquid organic fertilizer
Authors: Barus Junita , Endriani  , Mustikawati Dewi Rumbaina , Meithasari Dian , Ernawati Rr , Wardani Nila , Tambunan Reny Debora , Silalahi Marsudin , Slameto
Published: October 2024

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of several types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from plant waste and the dose of P fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice on degraded acid soil. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor (A) was several types of LOF consisting of A1 (control), A2 (LOF containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria), A3 (LOF-banana waste), and A4 (A2+A3). The second factor (B) was fertilizer doses consisting of B1 (50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), B2 (75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), and B3 (100% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer). The treatment combinations were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The research results showed that applying either LOF-banana waste or the mixture of LOF-banana waste and LOF-containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria improved plant height, the number of tillers, and N and P uptake by the plant. The rice grain yields among the treatments were not significantly different, but the highest rice grain yield (139.8 g/pot) was obtained at the treatment of the mixture of LOF-P isolate + LOF-banana waste (A2+A3 treatments). The 75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer was not significantly different from 100% P fertilizer with LOF on growth and yield upland rice and nutrient uptake by the plant.
Confronting the Monster
Authors: Turner Madeline Murphy
Published: October 2024

This essay examines the mail art of artist duo Polvo de Gallina Negra (Maris Bustamante and Mónica Mayer, 1983–93) and artist Magali Lara in 1980s Mexico. It analyzes two specific cases: Polvo de Gallina Negra’s project Carta a mi madre (1987) and a postage stamp by Lara (c. 1980) to argue that both used the possibilities of mail art as a mode of feminist disruption through approaches of play, invention, and surprise, ultimately working to subvert the patriarchal structures that oppress women. However, despite their innovative practices, these female figures continue to receive less attention in art historical scholarship of Mexican mail art and Latin American mail art overall. Furthermore, most scholarship on mail art in Mexico characterizes the conceptual practice as investigations of state surveillance or exercises of freedom under the Partido Revolucionario Institucional. Rather than taking this approach, I suggest that the work in this study looks toward more specific systemic structures that oppressed women under the auspices of modernity. In this sense, while the more recognized Mexican mail artist Ulises Carrión described the target of his mail as “The Big Monster,” we can see how the subversion tactics of Polvo de Gallina Negra and Lara are directed at a similar yet distinct monster: patriarchal control and possession in its multiple, cross-historical, national, and transnational manifestations.
Split Genders: Medical versus Legal Understanding of Gender Identity (De Lege Lata and De Lege Ferenda)
Authors: Bielska-Brodziak Agnieszka , Gawlik-Starzyk Aneta , Jakubowski Tomasz , Trofimiuk-Müldner Małgorzata
Published: October 2024

For centuries, the law accepted the legal gender of an individual that was indicated at birth by the appearance of their genitalia and stated on their birth certificate. Nowadays, however, we have plenty of scientific, medical and psychological evidence (and thus reasons) to revise the adopted way of thinking about legal gender to associate it more with gender identity. Most people do not perceive a potential conflict between genital sex and gender identity, because their genital sex is consistent with their gender identity. Trans- and intersex comunnity needs recognition of their gender identity independent of their genital sex as a condition for a life of self-determination, personal freedom, respect and dignity; these are, aft er all, values that are extremely important for the law. The purpose of this analysis is to determine whether the concept of gender identity is perceived generally in the Polish language and the Polish legal system in a way that takes into account current medical knowledge and the legitimate needs of the individual. If not, then what de lege ferenda recommendations can be made to change this situation?
Implementing Learner Autonomy in English as a Foreign Language Classroom Through a Flipped Classroom Pedagogical Approach
Authors: Romanyshyn Ihor , Freiuk Iryna
Published: October 2024

This study is a small-scale action research on the problem of using the Flipped Classroom pedagogical approach to enhance learner autonomy in the target group of high school students in an EFL classroom. The main stages of the research were conducted in the spring semester of the academic year of 2023/24. The participants of the study are seven Ukrainian Grade 9 students and three teachers. The research aims at designing and implementing a method for engaging learners in autonomous practices through the Flipped Classroom model. The methodological basis of this study is the works of (Benson & Voller, 2014), the Flipped Learning Network (2014), (Moore, 2015), (Velegol, Zappe, & Mahoney, 2015), (O’Flaherty & Phillips, 2015), (Hung, 2015), (Huang & Hong, 2016), (Nichols, Burgh, & Kennedy, 2017), (Olakanmi, 2017), (Låg & Sæle, 2019), (Jung, Park, Kim, & Park, 2022), (Little, 2022) and other scientists. In this research, the mixed-method approach is used; the quantitative and qualitative data have been collected through guided observation, surveys (teacher interviews and student questionnaires), and mathematical statistics (descriptive and frequency methods). The essence of the designed method lies in the gradual engagement of students in reviewing short video lectures and reading relevant input before class; then, in class, discussing content and doing quizzes and exercises to reinforce understanding, and, finally, actively participating in creating content-related presentations or projects. The results of this study demonstrate that the Flipped Classroom approach has a considerable impact on learner self-awareness, beliefs, and attitudes implemented in autonomous classroom practices, in particular: effective use of free time for English studying; increased motivation to explore new content and understanding it; perception of a teacher as a facilitator, suggesting a move towards a more student-centered or collaborative learning environment; perception of knowledge as something to be gained rather than “transmitted”, taking on responsibility for evaluating learning outcomes through self-assessment or collaborative evaluation methods. Nevertheless, there are some limitations to using FC in the English language classroom: the willingness of teachers to apply learner-centered methods; the willingness of students to take responsibility for their learning; learners’ cognitive and metacognitive skills; the difficulty of the learning material meant for flipping (self-study), access to resources and technology. The results of this study can be used by researchers and practitioners working in the sectors of secondary and tertiary education.
Professional Values of a Modern Teacher as the Basis for Ensuring the Quality of Education During War Conditions
Authors: Tsiuniak Oksana , Iliichuk Liubomyra , Riznyk Viacheslav , Kondur Oksana
Published: October 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of the problem, provides a theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the concepts of “values” and “professional values of a modern teacher,” and defines their role in ensuring the quality of higher education during wartime. It was found that teaching in wartime has become a challenge for all the participants in the educational process and a real test for higher education institutions, which enable young people to receive not only knowledge but also psychological support, and maintain a sense of belonging to the Ukrainian community. Ukrainian educators demonstrate lessons of resilience, struggle, and victory to the world daily. Due to their work, Ukrainian youth can continue learning despite numerous challenges and threats. Ensuring access to quality education at all levels has become a priority of state educational policy. This direction includes creating conditions for continuous learning, developing new models of the educational process, supporting teachers and students, and providing access to innovative technologies and educational materials. It is emphasized that the professional values of teachers have gained particular significance in Ukraine's higher education system. Their activities during the war focus on training specialists who uphold and affirm the values of Ukrainian statehood. Teachers not only educate the new generation but also strengthen belief in the future, inspiring active citizenship, readiness to defend their values, and build a peaceful society. Conclusions are drawn that the modern teacher possesses values that determine the success of their professional activities and ensure the quality of higher education. The main values include: respect for the dignity and rights of higher education students, academic integrity, continuous professional growth, innovation and creativity, collaboration and partnership, empathy, and social responsibility; determination, etc. It is worth noting that emotional resilience and balance are crucial for teachers working in wartime conditions.
Expansion of a stationary retail trading network in Vilnius and the Vilnius district in 1861-1904
Authors: Ambrulevičiūtė Aelita
Published: October 2024

From a local point of view, Vilnius city and its suburbs were chosen to analyze the stationary trading development process. Vilnius, a city that is the center of gubernatorial and general gubernatorial administration, became the biggest Russian imperial North-West Land retail trade center in the 19th century and therefore clearly shows the stationary retail trade net development and citizens' needs changes in the Lithuanian and Byelorussian territories when industrial manufacture extended from the 19th century's second half until the beginning of the 20th century.
The organization of the trade net in Lithuania started at the same time as the industrialization process when the manufacture order changed and began intensive trade structure reorganization. In the first decades after the reforms, no trade structure changes were noticed, and the biggest part of stores was selling "traditional" goods. The network of daily local enterprises in Lithuania in the middle of the 19th century was thin.
The dynamics of the number of trade centers in the gubernatorial administration and district towns, villages, and countryside were uneven. The biggest part of the enterprises was founded in Vilnius and in the surroundings of other big towns. There wasn’t growth of local enterprises in small towns and villages in the countryside near Vilnius. The weak development of the network during the period of the 1860s-1890s was conditioned by several reasons: in the first decades after the reforms, agriculture hadn’t been commercialized yet, people's purchasing power was weak, and peasant farms just tried to satisfy in-house needs with minimal expenditures.
The intensity of stationary trade net development can be noticed from the 1890s as industrial manufacture volumes started to grow and agricultural commercialization became more intensive; some manufacture specialization became clearer, and we could see a growth of citizens' needs. As a result, industrial enterprises pointed out the permanent goods realization requirement. To cover these needs, more stationary trade enterprises were established: only for the period from 1888 to 1904, the number of trade enterprises increased four times.
Though the number of trade enterprises increased, there was not a large number of users in Vilnius city, and in the Vilnius suburb settlements, small and average enterprises dominated. Their spread was determined by small capital domination in the trade structure and slow turnover in big enterprises. This shows that the home market formation had still not been finished.
ln pursuit of Aryan Homeland (2nd Lithuanian Archaeological expedition in Afghanistan)
Authors: Luchtanas Aleksiejus , Butrimaitė Ramunė
Published: October 2024

The second Lithuanian archaeological expedition in the province of Ghor is a constituent part of the long-term programme "Archaeological - Heritage Mission in Ghor Province, Afghanistan, 2007-2010." The programme is financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Lithuania. The programme is carried out by the Archaeological Projects Centre ANTIQUA. The partners of the project are the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Lithuania and Vilnius University.
The purpose of the lasting project was contribution to the work of preservation of objects of cultural value in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by paying particular attention to the search of archaeological sites and their documentation aimed at entering them into the national register of cultural monuments. During the expedition, the archaeological sites found in the course of the Feasibility Study 2007 were visited, and in parallel, new ones were sought with the purpose of documenting the objects of archaeological value existing in Ghor province. Register certificates were started for 11 archaeological sites discovered last year (Kushke Bahar (Qala Mana), Qala Akbar Bek Zahak, Qala Malek Antar, Puze-i-Leche tapa, Lok Galandar Tower, Lok Galandar tapa (Shekhe), Pumbakar, and Ahangaran tapa No 1-5) as well as for 9 ones found anew (Qala Alayar, Sare Ahangaran 1, Sare Ahangaran 2, Dowlat Yar tapa, Geshwoinde tapa, Qalesang tapa, Zahak tomb (Hesar), Wajguna Sange-Bar monastery, and tapa).
These are ancient settlements or tapa chronologically dating back to the Anaeolithic period and the Bronze Age and castles of the 1st millennium AD. During the expedition, new groups of cultural value were surveyed, too. These were the site of worship, Qabre Zahak, rock carvings at Qala Malek Antar of the 2nd millennium BC, and the Buddhist monastery of the first half of the 1st millennium AD. No doubt, Wajguna Sange-Bar Buddhist monastery is one of the most interesting archaeological sites in Chaghcharan environs, having many analogues with the cultural landscape of Bamiyan valley entered into the list of UNESCO heritage. The discovered monastery is important from the historical and cultural aspect; its localization in central Afghanistan shows the spread of Buddhism into the west in the times of the Kushan empire. It is possible that this is the most distant site of Buddhism in the west.
Idea of Vilnius City Museum in the Intemational Contexts. Rec.: Muziejiniai Vilniaus istorijos kontekstai: mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys/ Sud. ir moksl. redaktorė N. Keršytė. Vilnius: Kultūros, filosofijos ir meno institutas, 2008. 175 p.
Authors: Šermukšnytė Rūta
Published: October 2024

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Europa in the Late Middle Ages and Development of Society and Culture of Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Petrauskas Rimvydas
Published: October 2024

The article aims to discuss the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in XIV-XVI cc. in the light of the spreading of late medieval civilization. The first part presents methodological assumptions of such an approach. The second part describes the most important social, political, and cultural trends in the history of late middle ages in Europe. The third part analyzes individual aspects of GDL's involvement into the European medieval civilization. In XIII-XIV cc. Lithuanian society and statehood were emerging and developing under the influence of European Christendom. The very emergence of statelike formation in the middle of the XIII century demonstrated the decisive impact of European structures and notions on the historical genesis of Lithuania. Therefore, the changing relationship between late medieval Europe and GDL is an important historical issue. The falling back of the core territories of the Lithuanian state to paganism and their belated Catholic Christianization, incorporation of the Christian Orthodox lands, and the eastward territorial expansion of Lithuania shaped the distinct features of GDL's development. Nevertheless, throughout the whole period in question, one can observe gradual spreading of elements of the late medieval European civilization in GDL - concepts of a monarch and the ruling house, idea of Christian estates and knightly ideology, church foundations, patronage and the cults of saints, the early noble parliamentarianism, the urban and rural self-government as well as self-government of ethnic and confessional groups, large landownership and colonization, political and literary writings, codification of the law and historical thinking. This process of socio-cultural adaptation has resulted in deep change in Lithuanian society and worldviews of its different social groups.
The Millenium of Lithuania: Two Eliminated Alternatives
Authors: Bumblauskas Alfredas
Published: October 2024

The article considers the following two events in the history of Lithuania of the 19th-20th century from the point of view of the conception of alternative history formulated by Alexander Demandt: 1) the fatal meeting with the last King and Grand Duke of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Stanislaw August Poniatowski held in Warsaw on 23 July 1792, in which the decision was taken to put up no more resistance to the Russo-Polish War - everything was determined by a seven-to-five majority of votes; 2) on 24 December 1921, the Government of Lithuania informed the League of Nations that it refused the proposed Paul Hymans' second project on Vilnius, though on the 4th of November 1921 the political elite of Lithuania spoke in support of that project. These two dates are related not only by the fact that they are reflections of the defeated historical tendencies, but also by the fact that neither of them appears in the models of the historical memory of Lithuania. Therefore, the present article is aimed at elucidating why these dates are not only excluded from the dominating models of the historical memory of Lithuania, but in essence they are not found even in historiography of Lithuania. The conclusion can be drawn that both events are treated as optics of the great national narrative that formed during the epoch of the national rebirth, which, on the basis of the "falling asleep" metaphor, refused the late history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in part regarded the integration of Vilnius into Lithuanian culture (Tumas Vaižgantas' conception of "natural Lithuanianism") with skepticism. Nonetheless, the great national narrative was influenced by a realistically triumphant political alternative, that is, the Russian factor. It influenced the ideology of the national rebirth in the second half of the 19th century, and in 1920-1924 directly contributed to the formation of the anti-Polish ideology, as well as the evaluation of the year 1921 from the perspective of the 12th of July 1920 - the 10th of October 1939, that is, from the perspective of returning Vilnius to Lithuania from Stalin's Russia. Hence, a typological, and partly genetic, connection between 1791, 1921, and the modern anti-May and anti-humanistic tendencies both in political and historical culture is discovered. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that rejection of both the Constitution of Third May and Paul Hymans' second project had a tragic outcome - the historical alternatives that triumphed led to the destruction of both the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1795 and the Republic of Lithuania in 1940.
Validation of the code package MCPV with continuous-energy data library
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pugach O.M. , Pugach S.M. , Diemokhin V.L. , Bukanov V.N. , Grytsenko O.V.
Published: October 2024

The results of the validation of the code package MCPV for the calculation of radiation transport within VVER-1000 reactor type near-vessel space using a continuous-energy data library are presented. The validation is carried out based on the experimental data obtained in mock-up and full-scale experiments. It is shown that the code package MCPV can be used to simulate neutrons and gamma quanta transport through the complicated heterogeneous environment of a nuclear reactor and to obtain the valid values of the functionals of the neutron and gamma fluxes within VVER-1000 near-vessel space.
RSV Neutralizing Antibodies Following Nirsevimab and Palivizumab Dosing
Authors: Wilkins Deidre , Wählby Hamrén Ulrika , Chang Yue , Clegg Lindsay E. , Domachowske Joseph , Englund Janet A. , Muller William J. , Leach Amanda , Kelly Elizabeth J. , Villafana Tonya
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Data describing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels for nirsevimab, a recently approved, extended half-life, anti-RSV fusion protein (F protein) monoclonal antibody, relative to the previous standard of care, palivizumab, have not been reported.

METHODS

MEDLEY was a randomized, palivizumab-controlled, phase 2/3 study of nirsevimab during 2 RSV seasons (season 1 and 2) in infants born preterm (≤35 weeks’ gestational age; dosed season 1 only) or with congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease of prematurity (dosed seasons 1 and 2). Participants were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of nirsevimab followed by 4 monthly placebo doses, or 5 once-monthly doses of palivizumab. Anti-RSV F protein serology (ie, levels of prefusion [pre-F]/postfusion [post-F] conformation antibodies), nirsevimab and palivizumab concentrations, and RSV nAbs were measured in participant serum collected at baseline (pre-dose) and days 31, 151, and 361.

RESULTS

Serologic data were similar in seasons 1 and 2. Nirsevimab predominately conferred pre-F antibodies, whereas palivizumab conferred pre-F and post-F antibodies. Nirsevimab and palivizumab serum concentrations highly correlated with nAb levels in both seasons. In season 1, nAb levels in nirsevimab recipients were highest in day 31 samples and gradually declined but remained 17-fold above baseline at day 361. nAb levels in palivizumab recipients increased incrementally with monthly doses to day 151. nAb levels followed similar patterns in season 2. nAb levels were ∼10-fold higher with nirsevimab compared with palivizumab across both seasons.

CONCLUSIONS

Nirsevimab prophylaxis confers ∼10-fold higher and more sustained RSV nAb levels relative to palivizumab.
Escrita literária da história
Authors: Soares Fabrício Antônio Antunes
Published: October 2024

O artigo analisa como a operação literária da história articula-se à construção de sentido do romance Ruínas vivas. O contexto histórico examinado é o primeiro quartel da Primeira República no Rio Grande do Sul. A hipótese que perpassa o artigo é averiguar a articulação entre texto e contexto por intermédio da operação literária da história. A fonte desta investigação é o romance supracitado. A proposta do artigo é entender a narrativa do romance Ruínas vivas em relação à ascensão e ao fortalecimento do projeto político castilhista na consolidação do poder político do Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense (PRR). Conclui-se que o texto literário é permeado por questões do seu presente, examinadas com base na operação literária da história.
Educação e globalização na escola a partir da interdisciplinaridade
Authors: Del Rosario Pineda Robayo Adriana , Felicetti Vera Lucia , Bertoncini Vicenzi Vinícius
Published: October 2024

A formação de cidadãos globais no contexto escolar é atualmente uma prioridade que, embora afetada pela multidimensionalidade das situações que afetam o desenvolvimento integral das crianças e adolescentes que frequentam as escolas oficiais do país. O artigo apresenta uma experiência desenvolvida em uma escola oficial do departamento de Atlântico Colômbia, onde a partir da implementação de um Projeto Interdisciplinar de Cidadania e Brincar Escolar (PINCEL), são marcados processos de inovação apoiados na interdisciplinaridade que promovem o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos a partir de a vivência dos valores cidadãos e da consciência ambiental. A metodologia lúdica, experiencial e interativa das ações desenvolvidas no contexto do projeto facilita a concretização de múltiplos cenários de experiência cidadã. Os resultados da experiência mostram a contribuição para a melhoria contínua dos processos educativos e da ação pedagógica em contexto, favorecendo a coesão social, a solidariedade, a convivência e uma visão prospectiva do trabalho do professor, focada no bem-estar dos alunos. dos valores cidadãos e da conscientização quanto ao cuidado e preservação do meio ambiente.
Diversidade genética entre etnovariedades de mandioca cultivadas em assentamentos rurais no Mato Grosso
Authors: Wolf Mariéllen Schmith , Pedri Eliane Cristina Moreno de , Tiago Auana Vicente , Cuchi Giovana , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini
Published: October 2024

A mandioca apresenta ampla diversidade genética, podendo ser analisada por meio de marcadores moleculares. Dentre os disponíveis, estão os ISSR que são marcadores dominantes, universais e com alto índice de polimorfismo. Diante disso, esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a diversidade genética entre etnovariedades de mandioca cultivadas em assentamentos rurais no norte do estado de Mato Grosso, por meio de marcadores moleculares ISSR. Foram coletadas folhas de 30 etnovariedades cultivadas em três assentamentos rurais (São Paulo, Jacaminho e São Pedro) localizados em três municípios (Carlinda, Alta Floresta e Paranaíta) no norte do estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil. Para a extração do DNA total, seguiu-se o método CTAB. As amplificações foram realizadas via PCR utilizando 15 primers ISSR. Os primers ISSR amplificaram 190 fragmentos, dos quais 76,32% foram polimórficos. Os métodos de agrupamento formaram cinco grupos, demonstrando que há diversidade genética entre as etnovariedades de mandioca, com destaque para JAC09 (Cacau talo roxo) e SPA04 (Mandioca pão) como as mais divergentes dentro do acervo. Os assentamentos rurais são importantes locais para a conservação on farm da espécie.
A munkafüggőség és a technológiai függőségek kapcsolatának vizsgálata egy hazai reprezentatív, longitudinális kutatás tükrében
Authors: Kun Bernadette , Paksi Borbála , Eisinger Andrea , Demetrovics Zsolt
Published: October 2024

Háttér és célkitűzések: A munkafüggőség egy olyan viselkedési addikció, amely számos negatív következménnyel jár, s mindez érintheti a testi, pszichés és társas kapcsolati jóllétet. A munkafüggők körében gyakoribb a szerhasználat, emellett kedvezőtlenebb egészség-magatartással és egészségtelenebb életmóddal jellemezhetők. A folyamatos túlterheltség, a magasabb szorongás és negatív affektivitás, és a szerfogyasztással való kapcsolat felveti a munkafüggőség más viselkedési addikciókkal, mint a problémás internet-, mobiltelefon- és közösségimédia-használattal való kapcsolatát. Kutatásunk célja volt ezen függőségek együttjárásának longitudinális vizsgálata. Feltételeztük, hogy a maladaptív kogníciók, mint a rágódás és az aggodalmaskodás mediátor szerepet töltenek be a zavarok kapcsolatában. Módszer: Egy három adatfelvételi hullámból (T1: 2019. március–július, T2: 2020. június–szeptember, T3: 2021. június–november) álló longitudinális vizsgálatot végeztünk budapesti, 18–34 év közötti személyek reprezentatív mintáján (N = 2563). A Bergen Munkafüggőség Skálát, a Problémás Mobiltelefonhasználat Kérdőívet, a Problémás Internethasználat Kérdőívet, a Bergen Közösségi Média Függőség Skálát, a Ruminatív Válaszstílus Kérdőívet és a Penn-State Aggodalmaskodás Kérdőívet alkalmaztuk. Eredmények: A T1 munkafüggőség szignifikáns gyenge negatív kapcsolatban áll a T2 és T3 túlzott mobiltelefon-használattal, azonban pozitív és közepes erősségű kapcsolatot mutat a T2 és T3 problémás internet- és közösségimédia-használattal. Útmodellelemzéseink kimutatták, hogy a T2 rágódás és aggodalmaskodás mediál a T1 munkafüggőség és a T3 problémás internet- és közösségimédia-használat között. Következtetések: Eredményeink hangsúlyozzák, hogy a munkafüggőség komorbiditást mutat más viselkedési függőségekkel, emellett rámutatnak a perszeveratív kogníciók szerepére is. A munkafüggőség megelőzése és kezelése szempontjából érdemes a ruminációt és a rágódást a fókuszba helyezni, és ezek csökkentése jótékony hatással lehet a munkafüggőség és az azzal együtt járó problémás technológiahasználat tüneteinek csökkentésére.