bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„Statuty Synodu Zamojskiego 1720 roku” – wybrane zagadnienia prawodawczej konwencji piśmienniczej
Authors: Łapa Romana
Published: January 2025

Statutes of the Synod of Zamość of 1720: Selected Issues of Legislative Writing Conventions
This article discusses the documentation that culminated the Synod of Zamość, which was held between August and September of 1720. The Synod is considered a significant event in the history of the Greek Catholic Church, as well as in the histories of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. The focus of this description is on nineteen synodal statutes, which, although already examined from historical, legal and liturgical perspectives, have yet to receive thorough linguistic analysis. Applying pragmatic, syntactic and semantic principles, the author examines selected issues related to the implementation of legislative writing conventions in these texts. The conventions in question are derived from philological studies of medieval monuments of official language. Specifically, the article characterises the diverse and numerous verbs in performative function found in Statuty Synodu Zamojskiego 1720 roku [Statutes of the Synod of Zamość of 1720]. The analysis also covers highly frequent causal sentence structures that convey content justifying legislative directives.
 
Statuty Synodu Zamojskiego 1720 roku – wybrane zagadnienia prawodawczej konwencji piśmienniczej
W artykule omówiono dokumentację wieńczącą obradujący na przełomie sierpnia i września 1720 roku Synod Zamojski, który uchodzi za istotne wydarzenie w dziejach Kościoła greckokatolickiego, a także w historii Polski, Ukrainy i Białorusi. Przedmiot opisu stanowi dziewiętnaście statutów synodalnych, które, zbadane pod kątem historycznym, prawnym i liturgicznym – jak dotąd – nie doczekały się dokładnych analiz językoznawczych. Autorka, sięgając do założeń pragmatycznych i składniowo-semantycznych, rozważa w podanych tekstach wybrane zagadnienia związane z realizacją w nich prawodawczej konwencji piśmienniczej, która stanowi rezultat badań filologicznych nad średniowiecznymi zabytkami języka urzędowego. Dokładniej charakteryzuje zróżnicowane formalnie i licznie reprezentowane w Statutach Synodu Zamojskiego 1720 roku czasowniki w funkcji performatywnej. Analizuje również odznaczające wysoką frekwencją struktury zdaniowe o charakterze przyczynowym, które niosą treści uzasadniające prawodawczą dyrektywę.
A Novel Microbe, Immunization Deaths, and Vaccination on Trial: BCG and the Lübeck Disaster of 1930
Authors: Nakayama Don K.
Published: January 2025

Today’s controversies of gain-of-function virological research and mRNA COVID vaccination policies had an antecedent nearly a century ago in an event often referred to as “the Lübeck disaster.” From April through September 1930, 77 newborn infants in Lübeck, Germany, died after receiving oral BCG immunizations tainted with active human Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The tragedy threatened to end BCG immunizations. BCG and its originators, the French scientists Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, were exonerated from liability. An inquest uncovered careless laboratory practices that contaminated doses of the vaccine with a human pathogen. The calamity underscored the necessity for exacting standards when handling dangerous infective microbes. The physician and bacteriologist responsible for the immunization program in Lübeck were tried and convicted for negligence, a concrete example of the civic responsibility expected of scientists when an experimental venture inflicts harm on an unwitting public. The example of Lübeck stands as an object lesson on the necessity of an informed, measured approach to any novel treatment. Controversies continue whether BCG vaccination is the preferred public health strategy against tuberculosis. Calmette and Guérin’s lasting scientific achievement is the creation of a microbe that over a century has kept its essential features of inciting a vigorous immunological reaction that was tolerated by its host and never regaining its pathogenicity. The features form the basis of modern cancer immunotherapy, where intravesical BCG is first-line therapy against non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
Domestic Legitimacy, Coethnics Abroad, and the Shape of the Homeland
Authors: Shelef Nadav G. , Jamison Anne Spencer
Published: January 2025

Why does the presence of coethnics across the border sometimes lead to categorizing that land as part of the homeland, but sometimes not? We argue this variation is shaped by whether regimes use ethnic logics to elicit domestic legitimacy. Relying on shared ethnicity for legitimacy elevates ethnicity’s political salience, making ethnic groups living across borders socially meaningful and enabling continued claims to their land as part of the homeland. Using survival analysis, we demonstrate that coethnics’ presence on lost lands significantly influences whether those lands maintain their homeland status largely in contexts where ethnic legitimacy is prominent, such as autocracies, states that marginalize populations along ethnic lines, and countries where the government’s legitimacy cannot be based on economic performance. We also illustrate this phenomenon with a case study of Croatia. Our findings have important implications for understanding how ethnicity interacts with domestic politics to shape territorial conflict.
Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS): A Comprehensive Sexism Scale
Authors: Miyake Elisa , Ahn Lydia HaRim , Tran Alisia G.T.T. , Atkin Annabelle L.
Published: January 2025

Sexism is pervasive but often manifests as microaggressions against women, which are subtle, covert forms of gender discrimination. Thus, we developed the Women’s Microaggressions Scale (WoMenS) based on an existing theoretical taxonomy and content analysis of social media data. Two separate studies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA supported an eight-factor, correlated structure and CFA supported a bifactor model, with eight specific factors and one general WoMenS factor. Overall, reliability and validity of the WoMenS were mostly supported in two samples. Specifically, the WoMenS subscales and body surveillance were positively correlated; the general WoMenS was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, body surveillance, and another measure of sexism but not life satisfaction. Furthermore, general WoMenS explained variance in anxiety and body surveillance above and beyond that explained by an existing sexism measure.
Navigating the moral landscapes in research into children’s digital lives: Reflections from Türkiye and the United Kingdom
Authors: Üzümcü Hamide Elif , Berriman Liam
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This paper offers methodological reflections on the ethical challenges of researching children’s everyday lives in a digital context, drawing on two studies conducted in different international contexts: the United Kingdom (Everyday Childhoods) and Türkiye (Children’s Individual Privacy at Home and in Digital Environments).

Method:

Both studies were qualitative and ethnographic in character, concerned with understanding how we can study the digital lives of children in situ – within family relationships, educational settings and the social/leisure worlds of young people.

Results and Conclusion:

In exploring children’s digital lives across these different spaces, we encountered numerous challenges and tensions that shaped the possibilities of making children’s digital lives researchable. In particular, our work involved navigating moral concerns of what might be considered ‘healthy’, ‘educational’ and ‘appropriate’ digital practices by adults in children’s lives, and children’s concerns of having their digital lives researched by adults. By bringing findings from these studies into conversation with each other, we seek to draw out some of the key learnings about the challenges of researching this increasingly prominent aspect of children’s everyday lives as a moral landscape. By taking two studies from different international contexts, we also consider how dialogues between the studies can generate insights into the particular politics of researching children’s digital lives within particular places and cultures.
Healthy Teachers, Healthy Schools: Pre-service teachers’ experiences of a comprehensive school health programme in Canada
Authors: Morrison Hayley J , Bird Melissa A , Del Bianco Taylor , Janssen Karly , Sulz Lauren D , Gleddie Douglas L
Published: January 2025

Objectives and Setting:

Student physical and psychosocial health is an area of concern in Canadian schools, as poor health can be a disrupting factor to both academic performance and quality of life. The Comprehensive School Health (CSH) approach is an internationally recognised framework that can promote student health and academic outcomes in post-secondary settings. However, it is not known how the CSH framework can be embedded within post-secondary institutions. The objective of this study was to explore pre-service teachers’ experiences of CSH at the newly implemented ‘Healthy Teachers, Healthy Schools’ Symposium in the Faculty of Education at the University of Alberta.

Design and Methods:

Senior level students ( n = 26) participated in focus group activities on the topic of CSH at the university. Notes and information about the topic were documented on charts, sticky notes and drawings. All data were compiled and thematically analysed.

Results:

Three themes were identified: (a) opportunities for personal and professional growth; (b) connections and student-centred instruction; and (c) physical spaces and places of wellness. Our results demonstrate tangible outcomes at the faculty/programme, instructor and student levels in successfully developing CSH.

Conclusion:

Embedding CSH in a university setting can create a safe, healthy, welcoming and affirming community in which students can develop the knowledge, skills, and understanding to support health and well-being in various contexts, for the self and for others.
Prevalence and predictors of positive childhood experiences and their relationship with adverse childhood experiences among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
Authors: Chaudhary Vineet , Walia Gagandeep Kaur , Devi Naorem Kiranmala , Saraswathy Kallur Nava
Published: January 2025

Background:

Although positive childhood experiences (PCEs) have been reported to be crucial for healthy development and better mental and physical health outcomes, their epidemiology and relationship with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) exposure in low and middle-income countries, including India remain underexplored.

Aims:

The present study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and predictors of PCE exposure and understand the relationship between PCE and ACE exposure among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India.

Methods:

The present cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,573 young adults (18–25 years) of both sexes (69.7% females) recruited from two Universities in Delhi-NCR, India. PCEs and ACEs were measured using the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale and ACE-International Questionnaire.

Results:

Of the total participants, 42.6% reported experiencing all 10 PCEs, while 50.2% had experienced 6 to 9, and 7.2% had experienced 0 to 5 PCEs. Further, the mean PCE score of the sample was 8.64. Certain sociodemographic groups, for instance, participants from immigrant families, sexual minority groups and those who were obese during childhood than their respective counterparts were at lower odds of high PCE exposure. Also, the study found a significant inverse correlation between ACE and PCE exposure levels; however, the effect size was moderate.

Conclusions:

The study indicates the need for targeted PCE promotion interventions for disadvantaged sociodemographic groups. The intervention should simultaneously aim at reducing ACEs, as PCE promotion alone may not always lead to ACE reduction.
Fathers in the eyes of family welfare services social workers in Germany and Israel: Feminism, ideals and disappointments
Authors: Halpern Ayana , Urban-Stahl Ulrike , Perez-Vaisvidovsky Nadav , Mizrahi Reli
Published: January 2025

Several studies have reported that non-hegemonic fathers who are clients of welfare services are undertreated compared with mothers. This issue is examined here from a previously unexplored angle by comparing perspectives of two groups of social workers from different cultures and working spheres in Israel and Germany. Transcripts of in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 14 German and Israeli social workers were analysed using a qualitative method of content analysis. The findings showed that unique aspects of practice were evident in each country according to its specific demographic and cultural contexts and social workers’ idiosyncratic gender socialisation, feminist approaches and world views.
Effects of graphene nanoplatelets dispersion on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin and carbon fiber laminated composites
Authors: Moreira Donda Giovanni , dos Santos Ortega Fernando , Doria Xavier Gabriel , Vitor Feo Lima João , Valente Ricardo Fernando , Passador Fabio Roberto , Regina de Oliveira Ivone
Published: January 2025

Graphene-related materials (GRM) show great potential as reinforcement in polymeric matrices, offering enhanced physicochemical and mechanical properties. In the aerospace sector, reinforced composites are increasingly used for their superior mechanical attributes and design flexibility. Incorporating graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) into epoxy resin (ER) is a promising approach to enhance the resin’s fracture toughness. The effectiveness of these nanocomposites depends heavily on the dispersion of nanoparticles within the matrix. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nanocomposites based on ER and GNP by evaluating different mixing processes and assessing the influence of GNP content on the resin´s properties, to determine the optimal conditions for the incorporation GNP-ER as matrix to produce hybrid laminated composites with carbon fiber fabric. Characterization of GNP powder revealed its organization in regular nanoplatelet stacking patterns, exhibiting multilayers with few defects. The characterization of nanocomposites showed that ultrasonication dispersion improved the dispersion of GNP in the resin, reducing agglomerates and increasing homogeneity. Tensile tests demonstrated that ultrasonication led to an increase of approximately 14% in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and up to 46% in the deformation at the break of the nanocomposites. Carbon fibers/GNP-ER composites were produced by the hand lay-up process and exhibited a decrease in UTS with the addition of GNP, suggesting that GNP may have acted as stress concentrators or even modified the viscosity of the matrix, which may have hindered the matrix´s ability to penetrate the carbon fabric, thereby reducing the mechanical properties.
Experimental-analytical and numerical-analytical Halpin-Tsai models for predicting engineering elastic moduli of matrix composites
Authors: Fedotov A.F.
Published: January 2025

Based on the Halpin-Tsai analytical model, experimental-analytical and numerical-analytical models of homogenization of elastic moduli of matrix composites have been developed. The calculation results using the analytical model are “fitted” to the results of the experiment or numerical simulation. The fitting parameter of the model is the ratio of the constrained strain of the matrix of the experimental sample or numerical model to the constrained strain of the matrix in the Halpin-Tsai model. Identification of the fitting parameter is performed using one reference point for the basic composition of the composite. A power law relation of the fitting parameter on the volume fraction of inclusions and a logarithmic relation of the power law exponent on the contrast of the elastic moduli of the phases are accepted. For composites with spherical inclusions, the exponent is equal to the decimal logarithm of the contrast. The natural logarithm exponent is used for composites with non-spherical inclusions. A good agreement between the calculation results and experimental and numerical data was obtained for isotropic and transversally isotropic composites with different contents, morphology, and contrast in phase properties.
How Social Media Stigmatizes Substance Use: A Trend Analysis Examining a Politicized Visit to a Pediatric Hospital Unit
Authors: Tahsin Farah , Henderson Will , Dickes Lori , Holcomb Leah A. , Charron Elizabeth , Mayo Rachel , Sherrill Windsor , Hudson Jennifer
Published: January 2025

Social media has become a ubiquitous platform for language directly impacting women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and children with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). This study examines stigmatizing language applications related to OUD and NAS on Twitter during an event involving a political figure’s visit to a pediatric hospital unit. Analysis of N = 2,789 tweets across three stages of the event showed notable trends. Before the event, 56.07% of tweets focused on information sharing, while during and after the event, 22.64% and 20.69% of tweets were categorized as medically divisive and political. Chi-square analyses indicate significant differences in tweet categories, with the political category experiencing the most substantial increase during and after the event. Despite sharing information and opinions, stigmatizing language regarding NAS and OUD was pervasive. The researchers argue for more active involvement of healthcare professionals on social media to promote accurate information and advise patients on where to access supportive information and resources.
The Case for QuantCrit: An Analysis of Race and Gender in the Journal of Research in Music Education
Authors: Menon Saleel Adarkar , Martin Anne , Bohn Andrew
Published: January 2025

The Journal of Research in Music Education ( JRME) is an important resource in music education with a history of eminence in publication, citation, and influence on research trends and practices. Recent qualitative research appearing in the JRME has demonstrated a nuanced focus on the relevance of race and gender and marginalized perspectives within music education. This led us to question whether quantitative research in the JRME reflects similar attention to and progressive treatment of race and gender. Therefore, the purpose of this critical content analysis was to analyze the use of race and gender as demographic and analytical variables in quantitative research published between 2003 and 2022 in the JRME. Findings suggest that researchers do not account for race and gender in the majority of quantitative research, and when they do, their treatments lack nuance. We situate the discussion of our findings using quantitative critical race theory (QuantCrit) as a theoretical framework and offer suggestions for more ethical research practices for quantitative researchers to consider.
An Integrated Stribeck Friction Model: analysis, simulation, and comparison with Dahl and LuGre
Authors: Phillips James R
Published: January 2025

The Integrated Stribeck Friction Model (ISFM) is introduced and compared to the Dahl and LuGre friction models. The Dahl model achieves correct steady-state Coulomb friction but exhibits excess creep in its transient response. The LuGre model can represent an arbitrary Stribeck friction curve, yet also exhibits excess creep in its transient response and displays nonpassive behavior during velocity reversals. The ISFM represents an arbitrary Stribeck curve with a more realistic friction force and creep rate formulation. As a result, it achieves correct steady-state friction, and a realistic transient creep response while remaining passive under all conditions. A basic four-parameter representation of a Stribeck curve is provided for use with the ISFM, which is competitive with the representation typically used with the LuGre model. Unlike the Dahl and LuGre models, the ISFM is designed for compatibility with scenarios where the friction surfaces might lose contact with each other. A literature review indicates it is the simplest existing stateful friction model that remains well defined when contact loads are zero.
Parallel web crawling for customer analytics
Authors: Zhou Jinfeng , Wei Jinliang , Ratnam Malini , Xu Bugao
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a parallel web crawling system designed to collect publicly available customer shopping data from a retailer's website, aiming to understand customer purchase behaviors and to formulate customized engagement strategies. The system architecture includes a parallel crawling framework with scalable leaf units that facilitate the distributed crawling process, expediting the complete downloading of the retailer’s product webpages. The collected data encompasses customers’ purchase data, including product name, price, and date, alongside demographic information such as gender, age group, and location. Our dataset comprises 836,369 shopping records, representing 27,160 items purchased online by 455,088 customers over a decade-long period. This dataset can be transformed into recency–frequency–monetary ( RFM) metrics, suitable for k-means clustering analysis to segment customers into distinct clusters: Lost, Potential, Hibernating & Valuable, Extant & Active, and Loyal & Lucrative. These clusters provide valuable customer profiles to assist the retailer to meet the unique needs and preferences of each cluster. Demographic analysis of the clusters reveals that female customers constitute nearly 90% of the Potential, Extant & Active, and Loyal & Lucrative groups, underscoring their significant role as active and valuable consumers on the website. Furthermore, customers aged 50 and above account for over 62% of the demographic across all clusters, highlighting the retailer's appeal among older shoppers. A geographical breakdown shows that California, Texas, New York, and Florida are the states with the highest customer concentration in every cluster.
The Impact of Cyberbullying Victimization on Cyberbullying Among Chinese Junior High School Students: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Wu Jing , Gao Yuan , Xiao Qianxiu , Zhang Xu
Published: January 2025

Research suggests that cyberbullying is more harmful than traditional bullying and can cause more profound harm to individuals. The study aimed to examine the effects of cyberbullying victimization on junior high school students’ cyberbullying over time while exploring the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating role of perceived social support. Four self-report questionnaires were administered to 561 middle school students at three time points. Data were analyzed using SPSS for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Moderated mediated effects tests were performed on the variables using SPSS Process. T1 cyberbullying victimization in middle school students predicts T2 cyberbullying behavior. T2 loneliness mediates the role of T1 cyberbullying victimization in influencing T2 cyberbullying. T2 perceived social support moderated the second half of the mediating role pathway. First, there are many mediators and moderators of cyberbullying victimization that affect cyberbullying, and others need to be examined. Second, only three middle schools in China were selected as investigators for this study, and future studies could select different populations to verify the applicability of the findings. Cyberbullying victimization can increase cyberbullying. Reducing cyberbullying requires attention to psychological and behavioral changes in cyberbullying victims.
Appearances Can Be Deceiving: Transformation and Identity in 2 Corinthians 11.13–15
Authors: Carr Frederick David
Published: January 2025

In 2 Corinthians 11.13–15, Paul uses the verb μετασχηματίζω in the middle voice to claim that his opponents are, in the NRSV’s rendering, ‘disguising themselves as apostles of Christ’. Yet one could more literally translate the verb with ‘transform themselves’. Although either translation is defensible, I submit that Paul’s use of μετασχηματίζω invokes notions of transformation that are key to his rhetorical purposes in 2 Cor. 11, as well as in other parts of 2 Corinthians. I argue that in 2 Cor. 11.13–15, Paul employs ‘transformation discourse’ and that he does so for the purpose of identity-construction. I demonstrate this by situating Paul’s descriptions within ancient transformation traditions and by using positioning theory to analyze his rhetoric. Moreover, reading 2 Cor. 11 in conversation with 2 Cor. 3–4 reveals that Paul uses transformation discourse strategically to differentiate between his and his opponents’ identities. I show that Paul seeks to identify himself as a true apostle, as proven in part by his experience of genuine metamorphosis, and his opponents as deceptive imposters, as shown by the transformation only of their appearances.
Practical fractional-order terminal sliding-mode control for a class of continuous-time nonlinear systems
Authors: Feliu-Talegón Daniel , Rafee Nekoo Saeed , Tapia Raul , Acosta José Ángel , Ollero Anibal
Published: January 2025

Terminal sliding-mode control (TSMC) has been studied and applied extensively in the last few years. This technique gives rise to a robust control with tunable finite-time convergence, providing a fast and accurate response in the presence of parameter uncertainties. In that sense, we present a closed-loop robust controller for a class of nonlinear systems using a terminal sliding-mode controller, with a novel fractional-order sliding surface. The motivation of this work is to consider a time-varying gain for the fractional-order sliding surface that is relatively small at the beginning of the regulation control task to reduce the amplitude of the control input and it increases near the final time to reduce the error in the steady state. Unlike using a constant gain in the conventional terminal sliding surface, the time-varying gain keeps the amplitude of the signal low and enhances the precision simultaneously. An extensive simulation study shows the performance of the proposed design. Finally, the experimental implementation of the fractional-order TSMC in a lightweight (90 g) two-degree-of-freedom manipulator is presented. The implementation used C++ programming language on a Raspberry Pi digital board and a chattering-free modification was presented to address the practical limitation of the actuators.
Adaptive model predictive controller for power regulation and load reduction in large wind turbines
Authors: Wen Haoyuan , Liang Dongyang , Song Ziqiu , Liu Yajuan
Published: January 2025

Pitch control is related to the efficient energy conversion and safe operation of wind turbine, which is a challenging control issue because of the highly nonlinear dynamics of wind turbine, system constraints and stochastic environmental disturbances, etc. In this article, we propose the adaptive model predictive pitch control strategy based on linear parameter varying (LPV) model to solve the pitch control issue of large-scale wind turbine. Firstly, a high-fidelity LPV model is constructed to approximate the high-nonlinearity dynamics of wind turbine. The gap metric theory is introduced to optimize the selection of local models. Based on the proposed LPV model, an adaptive model predictive controller with linear time-varying Kalman filter is designed for large-scale wind turbine. The benchmark 5 megawatt (MW) wind turbine model provided by FAST is employed to evaluate the controller performance. The results show that, compared with the traditional gain scheduling proportional–integral control strategy, the proposed control strategy can achieve better power regulation and load reduction performance under gust, step and turbulent wind.
Augmented nonsmooth observer for sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor drives with harmonic suppression
Authors: Hou Qiankang , Ma Bin , Ding Shihong , Shi Bing , Mei Keqi , Jiang Leijie
Published: January 2025

To enhance the performance of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) sensorless drive, an augmented nonsmooth observer (ANSO) combined with the modified quadrature phase-locked loop (Q-PLL) is constructed in this article. Different from the extensively utilized sliding mode observer with discontinuous switching terms in sensorless control, the proposed ANSO with continuous nonsmooth terms possesses the ability to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. In addition, the novel ANSO can acquire desirable current measurement noise suppression characteristic by exploiting augmented observer technique. After acquiring the estimated back electromotive force (EMF) signal from the ANSO, a concise and effective adaptive notch filter (ANF) is adopted to improve the conventional Q-PLL to suppress the undesirable speed fluctuation caused by inverter nonlinearities and flux spatial harmonics. Comparative experimental results validate the advantageous behavior of the presented sensorless control scheme.
Research on optimization of distance ranging method and application of car-following under slope roads
Authors: Cai Bixin , Gao Qianqian , Zhang Rongyun , Xiao Ping , Zhao Linfeng
Published: January 2025

Inaccurate measurements of vehicular distance can significantly disrupt the decision-making of intelligent vehicles, potentially leading to accidents such as collisions on slope roads. Existing ranging methods fail to accurately measure vehicular distance on slope roads. This paper proposes an optimized ranging approach to address this challenge. Initially, a slope observer is developed using the vanishing point to determine the position of the leading vehicle and calculate the slope angle. An observation distance model is then created based on the slope’s geometry to measure vehicular distance. Furthermore, an enhanced headway model specifically designed for slope roads is introduced to estimate the expected distance. The proposed method is applied in intelligent vehicles, and its effectiveness is assessed through comparative tests. Results show that the detected distance by the proposed method is closer to the actual value, and the maximum error rate has been reduced to 4%, significantly lower than the existing methods.
The Affective Revolution in Entrepreneurship: An Integrative Conceptual Review and Guidelines for Future Investigation
Authors: Portocarrero Florencio F. , Newbert Scott L. , Young Maia J. , Zhu Lily Yuxuan
Published: January 2025

Entrepreneurial affect has emerged as a burgeoning area of study, with a wealth of articles demonstrating that affect, broadly conceptualized, plays an important part in entrepreneurial life. While a few affective phenomena, such as passion and positive and negative affect, are primarily driving the affective revolution in entrepreneurship, a wide range of additional forms of affect, from momentary feelings to enduring affective dispositions, have been found to influence entrepreneurs’ judgments, decision-making, attitudes, and behaviors in distinct parts of the entrepreneurial process. Moreover, entrepreneurs’ affective experiences and displays of these experiences influence entrepreneurial behaviors and investors’ decision-making. Although this is an exciting time for work on entrepreneurial affect, several theoretical and empirical inconsistencies impede further knowledge accumulation. To assess how and why affect is critical to entrepreneurship, to clarify the theoretical inconsistencies, and to provide an integrative framework, we conduct a systematic review of 276 published empirical and conceptual articles on entrepreneurial affect. In doing so, we analyze how various affective phenomena (e.g., emotions, moods, sentiments), along with their discrete forms (e.g., anger, grief, happiness), influence and are influenced by specific stages of the entrepreneurial process. We conclude that while this body of research confirms that entrepreneurship is an emotional endeavor, the collective approach has thus far obscured a more detailed and useful understanding of affect in each stage of the entrepreneurial process. We examine the theoretical and empirical approaches taken to date and lay out an agenda for future scholars, thus bolstering the affective revolution in entrepreneurship.
Collaboration in Action: A Comparison of Mixed Reality Simulation and Live Role-Play
Authors: Qualls Logan W. , Kelley Mya , Hirsch Shanna E. , Ura Sarah
Published: January 2025

More than two-thirds of students with disabilities spend 80% or more of their school day in general education classes. To maximize student success, collaborations among educators (general and special education teachers) and between educators and caregivers are essential for student success. However, many new educators report feeling ill-equipped to use effective collaborative skills with other professionals and caregivers to meet the needs of their students. The responsibility for ensuring that preservice teachers are prepared to collaborate falls on teacher preparation programs. Therefore, preservice teacher educators need effective and socially valid methods for embedding collaboration skills into coursework. We conducted a conceptual replication, utilizing a randomized pretest-posttest design to compare the effects of two practices focused on collaborative skills: mixed reality simulation and live role-play. Across groups, all participants increased their collaboration skills; significant differences between groups at post-test were not revealed. We discuss implications for both teacher educators and researchers.
Comparing primary caregiver and teacher ratings of mental health in preschool children
Authors: Tian Jing , Wang Lei , Rozelle Scott
Published: January 2025

This study aims to compare the ratings of primary caregivers and teachers of any mental health problems of preschool children in rural China. The primary caregivers and teachers provided their ratings of mental health of 1,191 sample rural preschool children (mean age = 56.8 months; 587 girls) using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). According to the findings, primary caregivers consistently gave their children higher SDQ scores and identified more symptoms across the different categories of mental health problems (i.e., normal, borderline, and abnormal) than teachers. The correlations between the ratings of caregivers and the ratings of teachers were low. The study also identifies the characteristics of children, caregivers, and teacher that were correlated with the differences in the ratings. Specifically, boys, children that were identified by scales of cognitively development as being delayed, and those that parented with authoritarian style were more likely to be rated differently by primary caregivers and teachers. In addition, primary caregivers from relatively poor families rated their children differently from teachers, compared with primary caregivers from relatively rich families. Regarding teachers, they tended to rate on child mental health differently from primary caregivers when they were male or at older age. These findings suggest considering multi-informant reports when assessing the mental health problems of preschool children in different settings. In addition, understanding factors linked to informant discrepancies can potentially improve the accuracy of the assessments.
Association Between a Family Caregiver’s Relationship to Persons With Dementia and Cardiovascular Disease by Race and Ethnicity: A Secondary Analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data
Authors: Baik Dawon , Centi Sophia , Schmiege Sarah J.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Caregiver stress is linked to key mechanisms for developing cardiovascular disease and the burden differs by caregiving relationship (eg, spouse). Furthermore, cardiovascular disease risk in family caregivers (FCGs) has been shown to differ by race and ethnicity. However, little is known about whether the association between caregiving relationship and FCGs’ cardiovascular health differs by race and ethnicity.

Objective:

This study examined the association between an FCG’s relationship to persons with dementia and risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease conditions and identified how these associations differed by race and ethnicity in FCGs.

Methods:

This was a secondary analysis of the 2015-2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between predictors (caregiving relationship, race/ethnicity, and their interaction) and outcomes (cardiovascular disease risk and conditions).

Results:

A sample of 6042 FCGs of persons with dementia were included. When analyzing race/ethnicity groups as a whole, cardiovascular disease risk and conditions differed significantly by caregiving relationship. Notably, spouse caregivers were at higher risk of diabetes, stroke, angina, and myocardial infarction, while showing lower rates of current smoking, heavy drinking, and obesity, compared to adult children. The associations between caregiving relationship and select cardiovascular disease risk factors (depression, previous smoking) differed significantly between racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions:

There is a need to develop culturally appropriate cardiovascular preventive health care strategies that reduce cardiovascular disease risks by considering caregiving relationship. Research is especially needed among minoritized racial and ethnic FCG groups.
Nudging Household Adoption of Time-of-Use Electricity Flexible Rate Plan in China: The Effect of Setting Defaults and Framing Messages
Authors: Jia Huanyu , Lin Boqiang
Published: January 2025

Time-of-use flexible rate plans charge varying prices for electricity use by hour of day to discourage on-peak use and encourage off-peak use. Residential uptake of these plans may benefit themselves and contribute to the transition to low-carbon economy. The current take-up rate in Chinese households remains suboptimal. Setting defaults and framing messages are popular low-cost strategies informed by behavioral economics to promote consumer behavior change. However, little existing literature examines their effectiveness in enhancing the plans acceptance in Chinese residents. Using an online survey data over 2,860 respondents, this paper finds that, setting the default choice to enroll in the TOU plans noticeably increases willingness to adopt. Moreover, people’s intention to participate grow remarkably after receiving information on the potential economic benefits of uptake. Furthermore, economically-loss framing (describing missed potential savings if not involved) is discovered to be more effective than gain-framing. Implications for designing better promotional information are discussed.

JEL Classification: D12
Monte Carlo simulation of ammonia adsorption in nanoporous carbon: Optimal pore sizes for adsorption refrigeration applications
Authors: Afify Nasser D. , Sweatman Martin B.
Published: January 2025

Climate change and the continual rise in cooling demand means more efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies are required more than ever. One attractive route to reducing future demand is to improve adsorption refrigeration technologies based on natural refrigerants such as ammonia. The choice of ammonia adsorbent plays an important role in achieving improved refrigeration efficiency and suitable operating conditions. This paper reports a detailed study on the role of pore size on thermal efficiency, desorption temperature and cooling capacity of ammonia–carbon adsorption refrigeration systems. Systematic Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to study ammonia adsorption in carbon slit-pores with pores sizes ranging from 0.5 nm to 3.0 nm. Simulations were carried out at temperatures between 0°C and 50°C and pressures up to 15.0 bar. It is found that nanoporous carbon with very small pore sizes is not a good adsorbent for thermally efficient adsorption refrigeration systems. However, carbon mesopores can provide higher refrigeration capacities and coefficients of performance together with lower desorption temperatures, thus offering the possibility of relying on low-grade thermal waste heat to drive the refrigeration process.
Digital twin-based methodology for schedule execution in hot strip rolling
Authors: Sun Youzhao , Zhou Jinbo , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Xiaochen , Yang Quan , Sun Yamin , Li Jingdong
Published: January 2025

Hot strip rolling (HSR) is a critical process in the iron and steel industry, significantly impacting manufacturing efficiency. While schedule optimisation for HSR has received considerable attention in industry and academia, there is a lack of research focusing on schedule execution, which directly affects the makespan, despite its significance. During schedule execution, various factors such as uncertain events, information asymmetry and abnormal disturbances can lead to deviations from the planned schedule, impacting both productivity and stability. However, traditional methods are inadequate in effectively addressing these challenges. To tackle this issue, the concept of a digital twin (DT) is introduced to facilitate the integration of the physical and information spaces, leading to a novel method for HSR schedule execution. This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for HSR schedule execution. Subsequently, a focused five-dimensional DT model is established, emphasising the key influencing factors of the model. Moreover, this research explores DT-based methods for start time prediction, deviation detection and rescheduling, resulting in the development of a comprehensive methodology for HSR schedule execution. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by implementing the DT system in a HSR production line at a company.
The Riddle Knowledge Inference Test (R-Kit)
Authors: Rochat Nicolas , Lima Laurent , Bressoux Pascal
Published: January 2025

Inference is considered an important factor in comprehension models and has been described as a causal factor in predicting comprehension. To date, specific tests for inference are rare and often rely on specific thematic texts. This reliance on thematic inference may raise some concerns as inference is related to prior text-specific knowledge. The Riddle Knowledge Inference Test consists of 14 riddles written in French with different specific topics for each item and was administered to 565 participants in a longitudinal study from grade 2 to grade 5. Both classical test theory and item response theory provide evidence of reliability, with a one-factor solution of [Formula: see text] = .860 and metric invariance for gender and social background. However, due to the large differences in the level of latent scores between participants, it was not possible to establish a standard setting for each grade.
An AI Chatbot for EFL Writing: Students’ Usage Tendencies, Writing Performance, and Perceptions
Authors: Duong Thi-Ngoc-Anh , Chen Hsiu-Ling
Published: January 2025

Writing plays a crucial role in the development of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ language; however, it remains a challenging skill for them to acquire. This study investigated how EFL students at a high school in Northern Vietnam engaged with the Writing Assistant Bot (WAB), an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot designed to support their writing practice at home. Focusing on students’ usage patterns, writing performance, and perceptions, the research included 47 participants, categorized into higher and lower proficiency levels. The mixed-method approach was employed, with chat logs, timed-writing tests, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicated differences in chatbot usage between the two proficiency levels at various writing stages, despite similarities in their focus on specific writing aspects. Lower-level learners predominantly utilized the chatbot during the Planning stage to generate vocabulary and brainstorm ideas, while higher-level learners mainly used it during the Translating stage to elaborate on ideas and refine their language for diverse and coherent expression. The chatbot significantly enhanced writing performance across all aspects: content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics, for both levels. Students perceived it as a useful and easy-to-use tool.
Validation of Wellbeing Scales Among Informal Caregivers of Latinos With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Checa Irene , Espejo Begoña , Martín Carbonell Marta de la C. , Fracachán-Cabrera Mónica , Baker Christina , Ramírez-Mantilla Mariana , Mendez-Asaro Prisca , Zimmer Malissia , Williams Kristine , Greiner K. Allen , Zaudke Jana , Arreaza Hector , Velez-Uribe Idaly , Moore Henry P. , Sepulveda-Rivera Vanessa , Meyer Kylie , Benton Donna , Kittle Krystal , Gillen Lindsey , Burns Jeffrey M.
Published: January 2025

We aied to examine the psychometric properties of several wellbeing scales among Latinos in the US, most of which have never been validated in a US-Latino population. We leveraged secondary baseline data from a one-arm mHealth trial on dementia caregiver support. We included 100 responses for caregiver-focused scales and 88 responses for care recipient-focused scales. Scales included the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire Severity and Distress scales, Six-item Zarit Burden Inventory, Ten-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease, and Single-item Satisfaction With Life Scale. We calculated concurrent validity using Pearson and Spearman correlations and expected correlations amongst all variables in line with the Stress Process Framework. We calculated internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. All concurrent validity correlations followed the expected directionality, with 19/21 inter-scale correlations in the total sample reaching statistical significance ( p < .05), and 17/21 reaching at least a low correlation (.3). Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .832 to .879 in all scales in the total sample. The English and Spanish caregiver-administered scales tested in this manuscript have good psychometric properties among Latinos. These are now appropriately available for use among US Latinos in research and clinical contexts.
Social Connections, Leukocyte Telomere Length, and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults From Costa Rica: The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES)
Authors: Gan Danting , Baylin Ana , Peterson Karen E. , Rosero-Bixby Luis , Ruiz-Narváez Edward A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To examine the association of social connections with blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and all-cause mortality in older Costa Ricans.

Methods

Utilizing data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES), a prospective cohort of 2827 individuals aged 60 and above followed since 2004, we constructed a Social Network Index (SNI) based on marital status, household size, interaction with non-cohabitating adult children, and church attendance. We used linear regression to assess SNI’s association with baseline LTL ( N = 1113), and Cox proportional-hazard models to examine SNI’s relationship with all-cause mortality ( N = 2735).

Results

Higher SNI levels were associated with longer telomeres and decreased all-cause mortality during follow-up. Being married and regular church attendance were associated with 23% and 24% reductions of the all-cause mortality, respectively.

Discussion

These findings underscore the importance of social engagement in promoting longevity among older Costa Ricans, suggesting broader implications for aging populations globally.