bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic and Disease Burden of Dengue Illness in India
Authors: Shepard Donald S. , Halasa Yara A. , Tyagi Brij Kishore , Adhish S. Vivek , Nandan Deoki , Karthiga K. S. , Chellaswamy Vidya , Gaba Mukul , Arora Narendra K. , _ _
Published: October 2014

Between 2006 and 2012 India reported an annual average of 20,474 dengue cases. Although dengue has been notifiable since 1996, regional comparisons suggest that reported numbers substantially underrepresent the full impact of the disease. Adjustment for underreporting from a case study in Madurai district and an expert Delphi panel yielded an annual average of 5,778,406 clinically diagnosed dengue cases between 2006 and 2012, or 282 times the reported number per year. The total direct annual medical cost was US$548 million. Ambulatory settings treated 67% of cases representing 18% of costs, whereas 33% of cases were hospitalized, comprising 82% of costs. Eighty percent of expenditures went to private facilities. Including non-medical and indirect costs based on other dengue-endemic countries raises the economic cost to $1.11 billion, or $0.88 per capita. The economic and disease burden of dengue in India is substantially more than captured by officially reported cases, and increased control measures merit serious consideration.
Seroprevalence of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Dengue Virus in Two Localities in the State of Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Amaya-Larios Irma Y. , Martínez-Vega Ruth Aralí , Mayer Sandra V. , Galeana-Hernández Marisol , Comas-García Andreu , Sepúlveda-Salinas Karla J. , Falcón-Lezama Jorge A. , Vasilakis Nikos , Ramos-Castañeda José
Published: October 2014

Humoral immune response against dengue virus (DENV) is an important component in dengue-endemic transmission. We conducted a cross-sectional nested cohort study to determine the seroprevalence and frequency of neutralizing antibodies against DENV serotypes in two endemic localities in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The cohort participants (N = 1,196) were screened to determine previous exposure to DENV. Overall seroprevalence was 76.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 73.6–79.2), and prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in the 5- to 9-year-old group was 82.5% (95% CI = 67.2–92.7), 45% (95% CI = 29.3–61.5), and 65% (95% CI = 48.3–79.4) for DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3, respectively. For participants older than 10 years, the observed seroprevalence was above 60% for each serotype, except DENV-4 in the 10- to 25-year-old group (42.9%); 81% of humoral responses were multitypic. The outcomes of our study contribute to understanding the immune component of dengue transmission and provide focal information for the evaluation of vaccine candidates under development.
Malaria-Induced Splenic Infarction
Authors: Hwang Jeong-Hwan , Lee Chang-Seop
Published: October 2014

Splenic infarction is a rare complication of malaria. We report two recent cases of splenic infarction after Plasmodium vivax infection. No systematic review of malaria-induced splenic infarction was available, therefore we conducted a systematic review of the English, French, and Spanish literature in PubMed and KoreaMed for reports of malaria-associated splenic infarction from 1960 to 2012. Of the 40 cases collected on splenic infarction by Plasmodium species, 23 involved P. vivax, 11 Plasmodium falciparum, one Plasmodium ovale, and five a mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum. Of the 40 cases, 2 (5.0%) involved splenectomy and 5 (12.5%) were accompanied by splenic rupture. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 8.5 days (range, 3–90 days). Improved findings after treatment were observed in 8 (88.9%) of 9 patients with splenic infarction on follow-up by computed tomography or ultrasonography. All patients survived after treatment with the exception of one patient with cerebral malaria. Clinicians should consider the possibility of splenic infarction when malaria-infected patients have left upper quadrant pain.
Stratification and horizontal exchange in Lake Victoria, East Africa
Authors: MacIntyre Sally , Romero José R. , Silsbe Gregory M. , Emery Brian M.
Published: October 2014

We characterize stratification patterns over diel, seasonal, and annual time scales in inshore and offshore regions of Lake Victoria, East Africa; determine conditions leading to horizontal exchanges; and, using surface energy budgets derived from local meteorological stations and two reanalysis products, address whether stratification depends on advective as opposed to local processes. The largest change in the surface energy budget occurred when winds intensified at the end of the long rains, with the wind's intensification, duration, and spatial extent dependent on El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycles. These winds flush inshore waters and cause cross‐basin upwelling similar to that observed in the deep African Great Lakes. Wedderburn numbers indicated mixing and cross‐basin within‐thermocline transport. The internal wave‐induced mixing and enhanced latent heat fluxes of −300 to −400 W m−2 contributed to the loss of seasonal stratification. Advection of cool water was required to balance the heat budget of northern offshore waters in the latter half of the southeast monsoon except in an El Niño year. Northern waters became weakly stratified after the southeast monsoon, with nocturnal winds contributing to heat transport and ventilation of the lower water column. Following the rainy season, downwelling by sustained southerly albeit low winds is a likely cause of the seasonal thermocline. Inshore waters are 0.2–1.5°C warmer than those offshore, conditions conducive to horizontal convective circulation except during onshore winds. The seasonal cycle of stratification and inshore–offshore and cross‐basin exchanges are moderated by differential heating, cooling, and basin‐scale thermocline tilting.
Nitrate uptake by foraminifera and use in conjunction with endobionts under anoxic conditions
Authors: Nomaki Hidetaka , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Tsuchiya Masashi , Toyofuku Takashi , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Uematsu Katsuyuki , Tame Akihiro , Kitazato Hiroshi
Published: October 2014

Among eukaryotes, some benthic foraminiferal species have been reported to be capable of nitrate respiration, although little is known about their denitrification processes. In this study, we incubated the shallow‐water benthic foraminifer Ammonia beccarii with isotopically labeled sodium nitrate (−73‰, 0‰, or +73‰) under oxic or anoxic conditions to investigate how nitrate is used in foraminiferal cells and whether those signatures remain in amino acids. The δ15N values of amino acids from bulk cells incubated under anoxic conditions were correlated with those of nitrate in seawater and were enriched in 15N by up to ∼ 50‰ compared to the isotopic compositions in seawater. There was no such relationship or enrichment in the cases of organic matter in the calcite tests under oxic or anoxic conditions or bulk cells under oxic conditions, suggesting that benthic foraminifera take up ambient nitrate under anoxic conditions and use it for denitrification; the remaining 15N‐enriched intracellular nitrate pool is used for amino acid synthesis, probably by endosymbiotic microbes, as suggested by observation of the cellular ultrastructure. The degree of 15N enrichment may depend on denitrification rates of the intracellular nitrate pool. Because the amino acids in the calcite test are synthesized by foraminifera, they were not enriched in 15N, even under anoxic conditions. Thus, differences between amino acid δ15N of bulk foraminiferal cells and organic matter in tests may serve as a proxy for denitrification in foraminiferal cells and microbial amino acid synthesis under oxygen‐depleted conditions.
A regime shift in Lake Superior ice cover, evaporation, and water temperature following the warm El Niñ winter of 1997–1998
Authors: Van Cleave Katherine , Lenters John D. , Wang Jia , Verhamme Edward M.
Published: October 2014

Significant trends in Lake Superior water temperature and ice cover have been observed in recent decades, and these trends have typically been analyzed using standard linear regression techniques. Although the linear trends are statistically significant and contribute to an understanding of environmental change, a careful examination of the trends shows important nonlinearities. We identify a pronounced step change that occurred in Lake Superior following the warm El Niño winter of 1997–1998, resulting in a “regime shift” in summer evaporation rate, water temperature, and numerous metrics of winter ice cover. This statistically significant step change accounts for most of the long‐term trends in ice cover, water temperature, and evaporation during the period 1973–2010, and it was preceded (and followed) by insignificant linear trends in nearly all of the metrics examined. The 1998 step change is associated with a decrease in winter ice duration of 39 d (a 34% decline), an increase of ∼ 2–3°C in mean surface water temperature (July–September averages), and a 91% increase in July–August evaporation rates, reflecting an earlier start to the summer evaporation season. Maximum wintertime ice extent decreased by nearly a factor of two, from an average of 69% of the lake surface area (before 1997–1998) to 36% after the step change. This reassessment of long‐term trends highlights the importance of nonlinear regime shifts such as the 1997–1998 break point—an event that may be related to a similar shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation that occurred around the same time. These pronounced changes in Lake Superior physical characteristics are likely to have important implications for the broader lake ecosystem.
Iron speciation in the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Authors: Vedamati Jagruti , Goepfert Tyler , Moffett James W.
Published: October 2014

Vertical profiles of total dissolved iron (DFe), Fe(II), and hydrographic parameters were obtained along three transects across the continental shelf off Peru in October 2005. Fe(II) and DFe concentrations were determined using luminol chemiluminescence and isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), respectively. The objective was to study the relationships among redox chemistry, nitrogen‐cycle processes, bottom topography, and the distribution and chemistry of iron in the region. The results are the most thorough survey to date of Fe geochemistry in this region. Exceedingly high DFe (∼ 50–75 nmol L−1) was measured over the wide northern continental shelf, with most of the dissolved Fe present as Fe(II) below the oxycline. In southern Peru, the shelf is narrower, and dissolved Fe concentrations were 10‐fold lower. Moreover, a smaller fraction of the dissolved Fe was present as Fe(II) in the south, even below the oxycline. At the western ends of the transects, Fe(II) maxima were coincident with deep (i.e., secondary) nitrite maxima. This suggests a relationship between nitrate reduction and Fe(II) accumulation in the water column. However, over the shelf, Fe(II) was also influenced by benthic processes. Large lateral gradients in dissolved Fe across the shelf–slope break reflect Fe removal by oxidative scavenging, and it seems plausible that much of the Fe is “trapped” by redox cycling on the shelf. Nevertheless, the maintenance of dissolved Fe(II) filaments within the secondary nitrite maxima constitutes an important mechanism for Fe transport offshore.
Trait‐based representation of diatom functional diversity in a plankton functional type model of the eutrophied southern North Sea
Authors: Terseleer N. , Bruggeman J. , Lancelot C. , Gypens N.
Published: October 2014

We introduce a trait‐based description of diatom functional diversity to an existing plankton functional type (PFT) model, implemented for the eutrophied coastal ecosystem in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. The trait‐based description represents a continuum of diatom species, each characterized by a distinct cell volume, and includes size dependence of four diatom traits: the maximum growth rate, the half‐saturation constants for nutrient uptake, the photosynthetic efficiency, and the relative affinity of copepods for diatoms. Through competition under seasonally varying forcing, the fitness of each diatom varies throughout time, and the outcome of competition results in a changing community structure. The predicted seasonal change in mean cell volume of the community is supported by field observations: smaller diatoms, which are more competitive in terms of resource acquisition, prevail during the first spring bloom, whereas the summer bloom is dominated by larger species which better resist grazing. The size‐based model is used to determine the ecological niche of diatoms in the area and identifies a range of viable sizes that matches observations. The general trade‐off between small, competitive diatoms and large, grazing‐resistant species is a convenient framework to study patterns in diatom functional diversity. PFT models and trait‐based approaches constitute promising complementary tools to study community structure in marine ecosystems.
Analysis of health status of the frog Fejervarya limnocharis (Anura: Ranidae) living in rice paddy fields of Western Ghats, using body condition factor and AChE content
Authors: Hegde G. , Krishnamurthy S. V.
Published: October 2014

We evaluated the health status of common frog Fejervarya limnocharis living in rice paddy fields of Western Ghats. For this purpose, body conditions factors (CF), Hepato somatic index (HSI), Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activities in brain and liver tissues and morphological abnormalities of frogs living in uncontaminated and agrochemical contaminated rice paddy fields were analyzed. Pesticide residues present in the soil of contaminated rice paddy fields varied between 0.001 to 0.03 ppm, while it is undetectable in uncontaminated fields. AChE content in brain and liver tissues of frog was found to be high in uncontaminated rice paddy fields and decreased in contaminated rice paddy fields. We found a higher frequency of morphological abnormalities (18.7 Â± 1.92 %) in frogs collected from rice paddy fields with history of continuous pesticide applications, than in frogs collected from uncontaminated rice paddy fields (3.4 Â± 1.20 %). Frogs in contaminated rice paddy fields showed high HSI levels indicating stress on their liver. Presence of high HSI, morphological abnormalities, low AChE concentrations, and low body condition factor suggest a decreased health status of frogs F. limnocharis living in agrochemical contaminated rice paddy fields in Western Ghats.
Operational river discharge forecasting in poorly gauged basins: the Kavango River Basin case study
Authors: Bauer-Gottwein P. , Jensen I. H. , Guzinski R. , Bredtoft G. K. T. , Hansen S. , Michailovsky C. I.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Operational probabilistic forecasts of river discharge are essential for effective water resources management. Many studies have addressed this topic using different approaches ranging from purely statistical black-box approaches to physically-based and distributed modelling schemes employing data assimilation techniques. However, few studies have attempted to develop operational probabilistic forecasting approaches for large and poorly gauged river basins. This study is funded by the European Space Agency under the TIGER-NET project. The objective of TIGER-NET is to develop open-source software tools to support integrated water resources management in Africa and to facilitate the use of satellite earth observation data in water management. We present an operational probabilistic forecasting approach which uses public-domain climate forcing data and a hydrologic–hydrodynamic model which is entirely based on open-source software. Data assimilation techniques are used to inform the forecasts with the latest available observations. Forecasts are produced in real time for lead times of 0 to 7 days. The operational probabilistic forecasts are evaluated using a selection of performance statistics and indicators. The forecasting system delivers competitive forecasts for the Kavango River, which are reliable and sharp. Results indicate that the value of the forecasts is greatest for intermediate lead times between 4 and 7 days.
Playing the Part: Hungarian Boy Scouts and the Performance of Trauma in Interwar Hungary
Authors: Jobbitt Steven
Published: October 2014

In 1920, the historic Kingdom of Hungary was dismembered according to the dictates of the Treaty of Trianon. Resulting in the loss of two-thirds of the nation’s pre-World War I territory, and one-third of its prewar population, Trianon has long stood as a symbol for Hungarian suffering and trauma in the twentieth century. Historians of modern Hungary have given much consideration to Trianon, with serious attention being paid to what some have called the Trianon syndrome, or the Trianon trauma. Arguing that interwar Hungarian culture and politics need to be understood in light of the menacing psychological shadow cast by Trianon, a number of historians have suggested that the people of Hungary were traumatized spontaneously and universally by the dismemberment of the nation and the suffering that followed. This paper argues that, though this may indeed have been the case on a raw emotional level, careful consideration needs to be given to the overlapping political and pedagogical functions of the Trianon trauma, especially as this trauma found expression in repeated public “performances” of the Trianon tragedy. Focusing on the revisionist performances of Hungarian boy scouts between the wars, and in particular on the personal papers of the Hungarian geographer and boy scout leader Ferenc Fodor, this paper draws a direct link between trauma and performance in the interwar period, and argues that, though trauma was indeed central to Hungarian cultural politics, it functioned as much as a pedagogical strategy as it did a psychological reality.
Qualidade de vida de idosas praticantes de diferentes modalidades de exercício físico
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de , Bertolini Sônia Maria Marques Gomes , Martins Júnior Joaquim
Published: October 2014

Introdução: Diferentes modalidades de exercício físico são propostas para os idosos, tais como hidroginástica, musculação e atividades praticadas nas academias da terceira idade, cabendo a eles escolher aquela que melhor se adaptem. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida das idosas praticantes de diferentes modalidades de exercício físico. Método: Avaliaram-se, por meio dos questionários WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD, 120 voluntárias, divididas em três grupos de 40 idosas, sendo: grupo hidroginástica (GH), grupo academia da terceira idade (GA) e grupo musculação (GM). Resultados: O maior escore de qualidade de vida foi obtido no domínio psicológico, sem diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos. O GM obteve melhores resultados na maioria dos domínios, com diferenças estatísticas significativas nos aspectos físico (p=0,001), funcionamento dos sentidos (p=0,033) e nas atividades passadas, presentes e futuras (p=0,004). Conclusão: A musculação proporciona melhores benefícios na qualidade de vida dos idosos, quando comparada aos exercícios realizados nas academias da terceira idade e na hidroginástica.
Incidência de lesões desportivas e supratreinamento no futebol
Authors: Santos Gustavo De Paula , Assunção Vítor Hugo Santos de , Martinez Paula Felippe , Christofoletti Gustavo , Oliveira-Junior Silvio Assis
Published: October 2014

Introdução: O supratreinamento se associa com declínio de desempenho esportivo e lesões desportivas (LMD) no futebol. Objetivo: Avaliar os sintomas de supratreinamento e a incidência de LMD em atletas de futebol. Métodos: A casuística integrou 23 indivíduos do sexo masculino, procedentes da equipe profissional de um clube de Campo Grande (MS). Os participantes foram distribuídos em dois grupos, segundo tempo de exposição semanal a jogos e treinamentos: G1 (2,2±1,9h), G2 (10,3±2,2h). O estudo foi realizado durante o campeonato estadual. Para registro de LMD e do supratreinamento, utilizaram-se, respectivamente, de um inquérito de morbidade referida e do Questionário de Sintomas Clínicos de Supratreinamento. Resultados: O G1 revelou 0,15±0,02 lesões a cada 1000 h de exposição, e o G2, 0,17±0,01 LMD/1000h (p
Parlamentarismus nebo poloprezidencialismus? Spor o klasifikaci středoevropských demokratických režimů
Authors: Brunclík Miloš , Kubát Michal
Published: October 2014

While reading academic papers and books on political regimes in Central Europe, one can become aware of an interesting and remarkable fact: these regimes (forms of government) are classified rather differently. Whereas some scholars tend to approach them as parliamentary regimes, others classify them as semi-presidential ones. The major dividing line between these two perspectives runs between a large group of English-writing scholars based outside Central Europe and those from Central Europe itself. Having reviewed a large number of relevant studies in this field, the authors of this article argue that the key reason for the different assessments of Central European regimes resides mainly in a different theoretical (but also methodological) approach, which has important implications when considering how these regimes are treated in various studies. Whereas the group of English-writing scholars tends to adopt a minimalist institutional definition suggested by Robert Elgie, most Central European scholars prefer an approach (inspired by Duverger or Sartori) that emphasizes presidential powers, which are irrelevant to Elgie’s definition.
Budování státu a národa v podmínkách postkonfliktní rekonstrukce Kosova
Authors: Strapáčová Michaela , Hloušek Vít
Published: October 2014

The aim of the paper is to examine interconnections between the process of state-building and the process of nation-building during a period of post-conflict reconstruction. The specific case of the current reconstruction process in Kosovo is exceptional due to extensive international support expressed through political and economic means. Regardless of efforts towards reform made by powerful members of the international community, future sustainability may be questioned. An alternative to the currently favoured institutional approach is provided by the work of Barry Buzan on the state, which puts an emphasis on the idea of the state, assuming integration between territorial, societal and political aspects. The conclusion presented in this article might be used as a lesson learnt from previous mistakes in work dealing with ethnically divided societies, for which it is not sufficient to provide institutional structures without an adequate socio-political reconstruction of existing conditions. If a society is not adequately adapted to the newly-established situation, the institutional structures will not be able to fulfil their key functions completely. Furthermore, it has to be clear that any possible reconstruction of institutional bases must be attempted only with a deep consideration of specific local conditions; otherwise its sustainability is doubtful.
Praying the Psalms and the Challenges of Christian–Jewish Relations: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Thomas Merton
Authors: Worthen Jeremy
Published: October 2014

Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Thomas Merton both published works on the Psalms that expressed their deep commitment to prayerful reading of the Psalter as integral to Christian spirituality. This article sets out some of the central themes in each case and argues that there are important and creative connections for both of these influential figures between how they prayed the Psalms and how they engaged with the challenges in Christian-Jewish relations that they discerned in their overlapping but also contrasting contexts. In particular, the practice of praying the Psalms fostered an openness to identification with other persons that was both hermeneutical and spiritual, shaping the different ways in which they came to sketch out new forms of Christian identification with Jewish experience.
Mark Braverman. A Wall in Jerusalem: Hope, Healing, and the Struggle for Justice in Israel and Palestine
Authors: Cunningham Philip A.
Published: October 2014

No abstract is available.
Regulation of food intake by mechanosensory ion channels in enteric neurons
Authors: Olds William H , Xu Tian
Published: October 2014

Regulation of food intake is fundamental to energy homeostasis in animals. The contribution of non-nutritive and metabolic signals in regulating feeding is unclear. Here we show that enteric neurons play a major role in regulating feeding through specialized mechanosensory ion channels in Drosophila. Modulating activities of a specific subset of enteric neurons, the posterior enteric neurons (PENs), results in sixfold changes in food intake. Deficiency of the mechanosensory ion channel PPK1 gene or RNAi knockdown of its expression in the PENS result in a similar increase in food intake, which can be rescued by expression of wild-type PPK1 in the same neurons. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of the mechanosensory ion channel phenocopies the result of genetic interrogation. Together, our study provides the first molecular genetic evidence that mechanosensory ion channels in the enteric neurons are involved in regulating feeding, offering an enticing alternative to current therapeutic strategy for weight control.
Decay curve analyses in carrier lifetime measurements of p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers
Authors: Hayashi Toshihiko , Okuda Takafumi , Suda Jun , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: October 2014

The impacts of the ambipolar diffusion constant and surface recombination in carrier lifetime measurements of p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers are investigated in detail by comparing a numerical simulation based on a diffusion equation and the measurement of microwave photoconductance decay (µ-PCD) curves measured from 4H-SiC epilayers. The simulation reveals that the shapes of decay curves of excess carrier concentration in epilayers, which defines the effective carrier lifetime, are different between p- and n-type 4H-SiC under a low-level injection condition, even when the bulk lifetime and the surface recombination velocity are fixed to the same values for p- and n-type epilayers. In experiments, the shapes of the microwave photoconductance decay curves measured from p- and n-type 4H-SiC epilayers show a similar tendency to the simulation results under a low-level injection condition. This is attributed to the difference in the dependence of the ambipolar diffusion constant on the excess carrier concentration for p- and n-type 4H-SiC. The comparison of µ-PCD decay curves obtained from 50-µm-thick epilayers with different surface passivation indicates that the surface recombination velocity on the epilayer passivated with deposited SiO2 followed by NO annealing is about one order of magnitude lower than that of the epilayer passivated with the dry oxide.
Evaluating Pregnancy Safety During Cardiology Training
Authors: Haghighat Leila , Kalantarian Shadi , DesJardin Jacqueline T. , Pellegrini Cara N.
Published: August 2024

This survey study of women who were pregnant during cardiology fellowship assesses health and safety measures implemented during pregnancy.
Umbilicated Nodular Ulcerative Lesions in a Patient With Previous Kidney Transplant
Authors: Acharya Bhukampa , Patra Kumari Sweta Leena , Narang Tarun
Published: August 2024

A man in his 70s presented with 2 enlarging, painless nodular lesions on the forehead and right cheek. Histopathological examination showed extensive dermal collection of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and macrophages. What is your diagnosis?
Bowel Resection Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer Cytoreductive Surgery by Surgeon Specialty
Authors: Ebott Jasmine , Has Phinnara , Raker Christina , Robison Katina
Published: August 2024

Importance

Extensive bowel surgery is often necessary to achieve complete cytoreduction in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Regardless of who performs the surgery, it has been well documented that bowel resections are a high-risk procedure and an anastomotic leak is a severe complication that can occur. There are few studies addressing whether surgeon type impacts surgical outcomes in this patient population.

Objective

To compare surgical outcomes between gynecologic oncologist, general surgeons, and a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent bowel surgery during cytoreductive debulking.

Design, Setting, Participants

This retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets from 2012 through 2020. The aforementioned years of the dataset were analyzed from March 2022 to March 2023 and reanalyzed in May 2024 for quality assurance. Analysis of cytoreductive surgeries performed by a gynecologic oncologist, a general surgeon, or a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with ovarian cancer recorded in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets was included. The 2-surgeon team approach included any combination of the aforementioned surgical specialties.

Main outcome and measure

The primary outcome of interest was anastomotic leak after bowel surgery during ovarian cancer debulking.

Results

A total of 1810 patients were included in the study; in the general surgery cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 65.1 (11.1) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 26.9 (7.4); in the gynecologic oncology cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 63.5 (11.7) years and mean BMI (SD) was 27.7 (6.5); and in the 2-surgeon team cohort, mean (SD) patient age 62.4 (12.1) years and mean (SD) BMI was 28.1 (7.0). Gynecologic oncologists performed 1217 cases (67.2%), general surgery performed 97 cases (5.4%), and 496 cases had 2-surgeon teams involved (27.4%). Bivariate analysis revealed an anastomotic leak rate of 3.6% for gynecologic oncologists, 5.2% for general surgeons, and 0.4% for cases that had 2 surgical teams involved (P < .001). By multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for anastomotic leak was 1.53 (95% CI, 0.59-3.96) for the general surgeon group (P = .38) vs an adjusted odds ratio of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.03-0.47) for the 2-surgeon team approach (P = .003) with the referent being gynecologic oncology.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this study, the anastomotic leak rate was found to be lower when 2 surgeons participated in the case, regardless of the surgical specialty. These results suggest that team-based care improves surgical outcomes.
Bebtelovimab‐bound SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD mutants: resistance profiling and validation with escape mutations, clinical results, and viral genome sequences
Authors: Bhagat Khushboo , Maurya Shweata , Yadav Amar Jeet , Tripathi Timir , Padhi Aditya K.
Published: August 2024

The dynamic evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants necessitates ongoing advancements in therapeutic strategies. Despite the promise of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies like bebtelovimab, concerns persist regarding resistance mutations, particularly single‐to‐multipoint mutations in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD). Our study addresses this by employing interface‐guided computational protein design to predict potential bebtelovimab‐resistance mutations. Through extensive physicochemical analysis, mutational preferences, precision‐recall metrics, protein–protein docking, and energetic analyses, combined with all‐atom, and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we elucidated the structural‐dynamics‐binding features of the bebtelovimab–RBD complexes. Identification of susceptible RBD residues under positive selection pressure, coupled with validation against bebtelovimab‐escape mutations, clinically reported resistance mutations, and viral genomic sequences enhances the translational significance of our findings and contributes to a better understanding of the resistance mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2.
The Ni Heteroatom‐Induced Electronic Structure Tailoring of Ultrastable Fe3N@NCPs Nanosheets Electrocatalyst for Boosting Alkaline Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Gang , Tang Wenshuai , Chen Ya , Ji Peiyi , Lu Mingxia , Wei Hongliang , Cui Lifeng , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Guoxiu
Published: August 2024

The exploration of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts is becoming indispensable for the production of H2 from electrochemcial seawater splitting. Herein, a feasible strategy is developed to realize the in situ encapsulation of Ni‐decorated Fe3N into porous N‐doped carbon nanolayer, abbreviated as Nix‐Fe3N@NCPs, by an association of wet‐impregnation treatment and thermal annealing. More concretely, the doping of Ni can initiate the synergistic effect to optimize the internal electronic structure, which strengthen the adsorption of intermediates and interface charge transfer. Meantime, the architecture of NCPs encapsulation nanolayer not only enhances the conductivity and the structural stability, but also effectively prevents Cl− ions transport from poisoning of electrocatalytic active sites. On these grounds, the preferred Ni0.10‐Fe3N@NCPs electrocatalyst delivers the exceptional bifunctional electrocatalytic performance in electrolytic seawater. The corresponding HER and OER overpotentials to attain the current densities of 10, 100, and 500 mA cm−2 are only required 47, 147, and 291 mV as well as 152, 249, and 312 mV, respectively. In addition, the Ni0.10‐Fe3N@NCPs electrocatalysts achieves an ultra‐low voltage of 1.80 V at 500 mA cm−2 with ultralong lifespan of 1200 h in zero‐gap alkaline electrolyzer. This work provides a cutting‐edge scientific research exploration for the development of electrocatalyst for seawater electrolysis.
Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Solar Cells and Sensors Enabled by Extensible Composite Electrodes
Authors: Han Dexia , Zhou Kangkang , Li Xin , Lv Pengfei , Wu Junjiang , Ke Huizhen , Zhao Wenchao , Ye Long
Published: August 2024

Stretchable electrodes are critical to the development of advanced technologies such as human–machine interaction, flexible sensing, and wearable power supply, making them of significant research value. However, the current preparation methods for high‐performance stretchable electrodes are complex and inefficient, posing challenges for their large‐scale application in the realm of flexible wearables. To address this need, a straightforward and efficient embedding strategy is reported for fabricating stretchable silver nanowire/thermoplastic elastomer composite electrodes (referred to as Strem‐AT) utilizing the viscoelasticity and outstanding mechanical properties of polymer elastomers to achieve outstanding extensibility, conductivity, and a smooth surface. These electrodes exhibit excellent tensile behavior, low surface roughness, and stable electrical properties, enabling their successful integration into stretchable sensors and intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaic cells (IS‐OPV). When applied to human skin joints for motion detection, the sensor demonstrates remarkable stretchability and stable signal output. Importantly, the all‐polymer IS‐OPV exhibits a top‐notch power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >12.5% and a PCE80% strain exceeding 50%. Furthermore, even after subjecting high‐strain stretching at 50% for 1000 cycles, the IS‐OPV can retain 76% of the initial PCE. This study presents a multifunctional stretchable electrode with high repeatability and easy‐to‐scale fabrication in wearable sensors and photovoltaics.
Large Enhancement on Performance of Flexible Cellulose‐Based Piezoelectric Composite Film by Welding CNF and MXene via Growing ZnO to Construct a “Brick‐Rebar‐Mortar” Structure
Authors: Zhu Qingtao , Chen Xianfen , Li Duoduo , Xiao Lei , Chen Junyan , Zhou Lijun , Chen Jiabin , Yuan Quanping
Published: August 2024

Cellulose‐based piezoelectric composites have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their low cost, easy molding, high flexibility, and biocompatibility in the manufacture of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) and sensors. In this work, cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/MXene@ZnO (CM@ZnO) piezoelectric composite films with “brick‐rebar‐mortar” structure are prepared by growing ZnO on the mixed substrate via a high‐efficiency two‐step hydrothermal method. As a hard bridge, ZnO welds CNF and MXene together to construct the “brick‐rebar‐mortar” structure, which greatly improves the piezoelectric performance. Its tensile strength reaches 65.13 ± 3.61 MPa, as well as that the longitudinal piezoelectric constant (d33) attains 14.3 ± 1.3 pC N−1. Under the force of 300 KPa, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and short‐circuit current (ISC) of CM@ZnO PENG are as high as 17.15 V and 997 nA, respectively. Under the force of 100 KPa, it can charge a 1.0 µF commercial capacitor to 6.07 V in 400 s. The assembled flexible piezoelectric sensor can accurately collect the pressure or vibration signal caused by bending the wrist (0.59 V) with excellent sensitivity. The performance demonstrates the feasibility of its application in wearable smart devices and provides a reference for new cellulose‐based PENGs.
Efficient Deep‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes Through Decoupling of Colloidal Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Jang Kyung Yeon , Hwang Shin Young , Woo Seung‐Je , Yoon Eojin , Park Chan‐Yul , Kim Seo Young , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Kim Hyeree , Park Jinwoo , Sargent Edward H. , Lee Tae‐Woo
Published: August 2024

Metal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have exceptional color purity but designs that emit deep‐blue color with high efficiency have not been fully achieved and become more difficult in the thin film of confined perovskite colloidal quantum dots (PeQDs) due to particle interaction. Here it is demonstrated that electronic coupling and energy transfer in PeQDs induce redshift in the emission by PeQD film, and consequently hinder deep‐blue emission. To achieve deep‐blue emission by avoiding electronic coupling and energy transfer, a QD‐in‐organic solid solution is introduced to physically separate the QDs in the film. This physical separation of QDs reduces the interaction between them yielding a blueshift of ≈7 nm in the emission spectrum. Moreover, using a hole‐transporting organic molecule with a deep‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (≈6.0 eV) as the organic matrix, the formation of exciplex emission is suppressed. As a result, an unprecedently high maximum external quantum efficiency of 6.2% at 462 nm from QD‐in‐organic solid solution film in PeLEDs is achieved, which satisfies the deep‐blue color coordinates of CIEy < 0.06. This work suggests an important material strategy to deepen blue emission without reducing the particle size to <≈4 nm.
Adaptation of Triboelectric Nanogenerators to the Integrated Energy Storages by a Textured Multi‐Segment Structure
Authors: Sharif Navid , Ghanbari Teymoor , Hosseini Zahra , Shahbazi Kourosh , Mehraban Abbas
Published: August 2024

High‐level voltage and extremely low current are the main characteristics of Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite TENGs, their Integrated Energy Storage (IES) units like supercapacitors and battery units require low‐level voltage and a high amount of current for self‐charging power applications. Using proper materials with higher triboelectric charge density is the most common approach to enhance the output current of TENGs. However, this approach alone does not satisfy the requirement of the integrated energy storage units, in which a relatively low voltage along with a sufficiently high current is needed. Consequently, alternative approaches such as employing a power management circuitry have been proposed. This paper introduces a technique based on the texture of multiple TENGs with identical small surface areas to adapt the TENGs to their IESs, specifically tailored for wearable electronics. Some experiments are conducted to evaluate the merits and limitations of the proposed approach. The experimental and analytical results are thoroughly analyzed to show the capabilities and restrictions of the method.
Phosphine Oxide‐Containing Gold(III) Complexes with Tunable Emission Color and Thermally Enhanced Luminescence Behavior
Authors: Lee Chin‐Ho , Tang Man‐Chung , Leung Ming‐Yi , Cheng Shun‐Cheung , Wong George Yin‐Pok , Cheung Wai‐Lung , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Ko Chi‐Chiu , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: August 2024

A series of phosphine oxide‐containing gold(III) complexes with tunable emission colors spanning from sky‐blue to near‐infrared region is reported. This is accomplished by the switching of the excited state characters from intraligand to ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer through the replacement of the auxiliary ligand from aryl to nitrogen‐based ligands. In addition to high photoluminescence quantum yields in both solution and solid‐state thin films, these complexes exhibit large radiative decay rate constants of the order of 106 s−1, much larger than those commonly found for other gold(III) complexes. The origin of such enhanced performance is believed to be arising from the occurrence of both thermally activated delayed fluorescence and thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence processes within the emitters. This is probed by ns‐ and fs‐transient absorption spectroscopy, time‐resolved, and temperature‐dependent emission spectroscopy. In particular, the direct observation of the upconversion processes and the determination of the activation barriers are achieved in the variable‐temperature fs‐transient absorption spectroscopic studies. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting devices with satisfactory external quantum efficiencies of up to 15.2% are achieved, which could be ascribed to the presence of thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence processes.
Lewis Base Controlled (4+3) and (4+2) Annulations of MBH Carbonates with Benzofuran‐Derived Azadienes: Access to Highly Substituted Benzofuro[3,2‐b]Azepines and Spirotetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Wang Kai‐Kai , Li Ya‐Fei , Li Lan‐Xin , Yao Wei‐Wei , Li Yan‐Li , Bi Ran , Li Feng , He Xiao‐Long , Chen Rongxiang
Published: August 2024

Catalyst‐controlled switchable (4+3) and (4+2) annulation reactions of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with benzofuran‐derived azadienes have been established. Employing PCy3 as the catalyst, the reaction could provide a variety of synthetically useful benzofuro[3,2‐b]azepines in good yields (80–92%) with excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivities via (4+3) cycloaddition reactions. Whereas changing the catalyst from PCy3 to DMAP, the chemo‐ and regioselectivities were switched to construct highly substituted spirotetrahydroquinoline scaffolds with three sequential stereocenters containing all‐carbon spiro‐quaternary stereocenters in excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivities (92–96% yields with all cases>25:1 dr) via (4+2) annulations. In addition, the synthetic utility of this method was further showcased by gram‐scale reactions and synthetic transformations of the product.
Unlocking the AhR Therapeutic Potential for Cystic Fibrosis With an Integrated Mucosal Platform for Drug Screening
Authors: Sardelli Lorenzo , Frasca Enrica , Garbero Valentina Olga , Butnarasu Cosmin , Affricano Alex , Medana Claudio , Visentin Sonja
Published: August 2024

Bacterial‐derived molecules are at the basis of bacteria–bacteria and bacteria–host communication. In the context of cystic fibrosis (CF), they are considered possible therapeutic molecules for their natural binding capability on the immunomodulatory cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). An exponentially growing number of bacteria‐derived molecules are identified as AhR activators, highlighting the need for systems to screen possible lead candidates. This challenge is addressed by applying an in vitro tool mimicking the two main barriers that potential AhR‐targeting drugs must overcome: the cytoplasmic membrane and the CF pathological mucus. A small dataset of AhR ligands with potential therapeutic applications is selected. The apparent permeability of bacterial‐derived molecules across a cellular membrane model is quantified and molecules capable of reaching the cytoplasmic target (AhR) are identified. In a second step, a CF in vitro mucus model is integrated with the phospholipid membrane and the impact of mucus on permeability is assessed. Overall, this study proposes an integrated mucosal platform as a suitable tool in the emerging field of postbiotics as a therapeutic strategy for CF. The mucosal platform can enable the rapid identification of molecules compatible with cytoplasmic targeting of AhR among candidate‐drug representatives.
Highly‐Sensitive and High Operating Range Fully‐Printed Humidity Sensors Based on BiFeO3/BiOCl Heterojunctions
Authors: Fourmont Paul , Vaussenat Fabrice , Gratuze Mathieu , Ross Caroline A. , Cloutier Sylvain G.
Published: August 2024

Fully‐printed humidity sensors based on BiFeO3/BiOCl heterojunctions fabricated using a two‐step process with serigraphic printing are reported. Most importantly, this unique sensor architecture provides a broader relative humidity sensing range compared to pristine BFO sensors due to a synergistic effect between dense networks of BiOCl nanosheets synthetized atop BFO powders. With surface‐to‐weight ratios reaching 7.75 m2 g−1, these heterostructures increase the sensitivity and operating range of BFO‐based humidity sensors. While previously reported BFO humidity sensors only detect relative humidities above 30%, The BFO/BiOCl heterojunctions can measure relative humidities as low as 15% due to their increased surface area. Optimal growth and packing of the BiOCl nanosheet/BFO powder heterostructure are achieved by tuning the loading of the BFO powder and simultaneously forming the BiOCl sheets by chemical etching and annealing of the BFO powder. Excellent performance of optimized sensors including tracking and monitoring different types of breathing are demonstrated while mounted on an oxygen mask.
Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Nitrite and Nitrate with NiOOH‐Ni
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Yang Cheng‐Jie , Dong Chung‐Li , Wang Jiashu , Zhang Xin , Lyalin Andrey , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Chen Zhiqi , Guan Daqin , Xu Xiaomin , Shao Zongping , Huang Zhenguo
Published: August 2024

Ammonia electrooxidation in aqueous solutions can be a highly energy‐efficient process in producing nitrate and nitrite while generating hydrogen under ambient conditions. However, the kinetics of this reaction are slow and the role of catalyst in facilitating ammonia electrooxidation is not well understood. In this study, a high‐performance NiOOH‐Ni catalyst is introduced for converting ammonia into nitrite with Faraday efficiency of up to 90.4% and nitrate production rate of 1 mg h−1 cm−2. By employing Operando techniques, the role of NiOOH catalyst is elucidated in the dynamic electrooxidation of ammonia. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support experimental observations and reveal the mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate. Overall, this research contributes to the development of a cost‐effective and highly efficient catalyst for large‐scale ammonia electrolysis, while shedding light on the underlying mechanism of the NiOOH catalyst in ammonia electrooxidation.