bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Security Issues in a Digital Library Environment: A Literature Review
Authors: Anday Audrey , Francese Enrico , Huurdeman Hugo C. , Yılmaz Muharrem , Zengenene Dydimus
Published: November 2020

This paper aimed to explore the literature on security issues that digital libraries should consider in managing digital resources. Books on information security and network security were consulted as well as several databases such as ERIC, Ebrary, LISA, Science Direct, EbscoHost, ISI, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Emerald Insight, ACM were searched to understand what particular aspect of information security and privacy in digital libraries exist from 2000 - 2010. Security in digital libraries is an issue of the most important, and should be considered carefully in creating policies and strategic plans of institutions wanting to set up a digital library. This paper focused on the four main streams that concerns security in the digital environment, namely: infrastructure, digital content, users and standards and legal issues. This literature review also built upon previous literature reviews, and is one of the few of its kind in the topic.
Üniversite Hastaneleri Çalışanlarının Kalite Anlayışı ve Kalite Çalışmalarında İletişimin Önemi: Bir Uygulama Örneği
Authors: Çolaklar Huriye , Bozkurt Demirdağ Fatma
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada, bir kamu kurumunda kalite çalışmalarının anlaşılması ve etkin olabilmesi için kurum çalışanlarının, ortaya çıkabilecek sorunların iletişimle çözülebileceği bilincine sahip olmaları gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket yöntemi kullanılmış ve kurumun yöneticileri ile akademik personeline uygulanmıştır. Toplam 205 kişiye anket gönderilmiş olup, 173 geri bildirim alınmıştır. Anketlerden 4 tanesi eksik ve hatalı doldurulduğu için değerlendirmeye alınmamıştır. Anketleri yanıtlayan 173 kişiden 29’u yöneticidir. Elde edilen verilere göre; yöneticiler “iletişim ve karar mekanizmasını” %23 ile en az önemli; akademik personel ise “örgüt ikliminin motivasyon artırıcı bir nitelikte olmasını” %33 oranla önemli görmektedir. Kurumun kalite yönetimini uygularken karşılaşılan güçlükler arasında yöneticilere göre %39’nun “üst yönetimin yönetim anlayışı” ve %38’nin “kurum içi iletişim eksikleri” en az önemlide, akademik personelde ise %23’nün “iletişim eksikleri” az önemlide yer almıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, kalite yönetim sistemi uygulanırken çalışanların, kaliteli hizmet anlayışını ve müşteri memnuniyetini en çok önemli ve iletişimin katkısını da en az önemli seviyesinde değerlendirdikleri saptanmıştır. Ancak kurum içi iletişim eksiklikleri ve birimler arası sürtüşmelerin olması, kalite yönetim sisteminin, etkin olmasını ve kalite bilincinin gelişmesini olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Political Unrest and Educational Electronic Resource Usage in a Conflict Zone, Kashmir (Indian Administered Kashmir): Log Analysis as Politico Analytical Tool
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Nabi Samrin , Mushtaq Samina , Shah Tariq Ahmad , Ahmad Suhail
Published: November 2020

Electronic resource usage has proved as one of the best decision making tools in the library setups. Electronic resource usage in relation to the political disturbance can act as one of the tools to highlight the impact of political disturbance on educational setups in general and the electronic resource usage in particular. The study takes a serious look in the electronic resource usage in Kashmir and the impact of unrest on it. The paper highlights a relational platform between education and conflict studies. How conflict affects the electronic resource usage in a conflict zone has been highlighted in the study. Transaction logs in the form of COUNTER Report deliberating the usage of Project Muse journal titles at University of Kashmir were analyzed to know the extent of usage of e-resources by the academia of Kashmir during the time of conflict from a time period of January 2008- December 2010. Peace has a great role to play in the development of any community from every aspect. Political disturbance hampers the educational sector to a greater extent. The usage logs helped to reveal the actual picture of academic behaviour of Kashmiris in the time of conflict. The study clearly reflects that political disturbance has a negative effect on the educational sphere in general and electronic resource usage in particular. The study was confined to the analysis of the transactions logs generated from Project Muse at University of Kashmir. The study can lay a base for the policy makers associated with education to take some immediate and curative steps that can control the devastating effects on the academia caused because of frequent disturbances in the valley of Kashmir. The study is an eye opener for the academicians and the policy makers in Kashmir. The study will be helpful in visualizing the utility of log analysis in reflecting the ill effects of political disturbance on academic circles. The paper is first of its kind trying to link education and conflict studies of a politically simmering area, Kashmir. The research can further be extended to analyze the impact of political normalcy on the academia of Kashmir. How normalcy acts as an indicator of enhanced e-resource usage can be studied.
Rola Tradycji w Kościele. Między „archeologizmem” a „entuzjazmem”
Authors: Kałuża Krystian
Published: November 2020

The article is an attempt to answer the question about the relation between tradition and the development of theological cognition. The church from the first centuries was aware that allegiance to the council tenets exceeds a technical repetition of council`s formulas. It is clear that a belief in dogma assumes openness to both the past and the future.In the article two approaches to tradition are criticized: archeological and enthusiastic. The first one is linked with attempt to end the possibility of adding to a developing tradition further at any point in history; the second one is a result of conviction that currents form of doctrine and church are exactly what is wanted by God.In reference to K. Rahner, J. Ratzinger and W. Kasper the typological­‑sacramental meaning of the tradition was proposed. It lets us – basing on the statements of the Vatican II – overcome a progressivist hermeneutic of rupture and go toward a hermeneutic of continuity and to the real reform of the church. In other words, it means that the process of reception and realization of Jesus` teaching and of the history of Christianity lives on and every epoch, every culture and every generation has a task to deepen and to better understand all revelation given to us by Christ. It must be done with a sensitivity to the historical, cultural and religious contexts of every period of history including the present.
Kontekst historyczno­‑kulturowy orzeczeń Soboru Efeskiego (431)
Authors: Szczepaniak Tobiasz Tomasz
Published: November 2020

The article gives thorough environmental and historical background which are necessary for the understanding of the role of place, time and people taking part in the sessions of the Council of Ephesus. First, the environment of Ephesus was brought closer. A brief history of the city, geographical location, and political significance were described, along with temples and the cult of Artemis, for which Ephesus was famous. It is stated that this place and worship were a source of inspiration for the practices of ancient Christianity. The last part discusses the apostolic period and the Fathers of the Church in Ephesus.
Slang in forensic discourse (communicative and pragmatic aspect)
Authors: Nedostup Oleg
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the work is associated with the growing interest of researchers to the problem of medical discourse as a holistic communicative education. In this article, we focus on the problem of the functioning of Medical Slang in considering forensic discourse, which, in our opinion, has not yet received a systemic linguistic description.
The author of the article presents the results of a communicative-pragmatic analysis of empirical material from fragments of forensic medical discourse. On the basis of theoretical communication and the study of actual linguistic material, some features of the functioning of slang nominations in this discourse were revealed: natural lexico-semantic processes were identified that organize intra-system variation within the thematic group “Slang of a forensic expert”: narrowing and expanding the meanings of slang nominations, activation of semantic transfers. Special attention was paid to the question of interpretation of the most successful nomination for characterizing the described phenomenon. In linguistic research, there is controversy as to which term is the most accurate: «medical jargon», «slang», «professional vernacular», «non-standard vocabulary», etc. In our work we use the term «slang», it seems to us that this term most accurately reflects the content of the studied subject.
The reasons for the occurrence of slang words in forensic discourse are analyzed: autonomy of professional communication; saving speech efforts in the process of communication; the psycholinguistic nature of the use of slang nominations.
The revealed and interpreted communicative-pragmatic features of forensic discourse allow us to draw the following conclusions: the boundaries of the terminological and non-terminological zones in the space of discourse are mobile; activation of lexical and semantic processes, as a result of which new slang words appear or a rearrangement of the semantic content of existing units occurs. These features allow us to talk about the open nature of the forensic discourse as a cognitive structure.
Opportunities for a civil engineering climate action strategy
Authors: Cammock Reece
Published: November 2020

This paper outlines the technical and anecdotal findings of a horizon scanning exercise into the ability of civil engineers to deliver impactful climate action. Examples of interaction between extreme weather and built environment assets are broken down via systems thinking. The concept of unconscious bias is addressed in how infrastructure climate risk is diagnosed; beyond the effects of flooding, drought, and heatwaves. Differentiations between climate mitigation, resilience and adaptation are made. Opportunities to address each throughout the infrastructure lifecycle are discussed, including how to balance conflicts of interest between them.
Simulation studies on the radiological parameters of marble concrete
Authors: Kulali Feride
Published: November 2020

Radiation shielding is a popular subject in physics due to its wide utilization in different fields in parallel with technological development, and thus, recently many research studies have focused on this subject. Most works have been performed using simulation codes, as experimental studies are more difficult and require a technical set-up. Simulation works were performed in this study to obtain the radiation-shielding properties of marble concrete at gamma-ray energies of 0.511, 0.835 and 1.275 MeV. The simulations were done using the Phy-X/PSD code in order to obtain the linear attenuation coefficients (μ, cm−1). Some other radiological parameters, such as the mean free path, half-value length, tenth-value length, effective atomic number (Z eff), electron density (N eff), equivalent atomic number (Z eq), exposure buildup factor and fast neutron removal cross-section, were also obtained.
Computer-aided simulation of a vertical-axis wind turbine
Authors: Yigit Cemil
Published: November 2020

In many studies, computer-aided simulation methods are used to design vertical-axis wind turbines. Compared with conventional optimization methods, computer-aided optimization methods, which show continuous improvement in parallel with technology, provide important advantages, particularly in terms of time and cost. On the one hand, a wind turbine is designed to obtain maximum power; on the other hand, this design must be able to operate safely under extreme conditions. When considered from this point of view, computational fluid dynamic analysis is the first step that provides input to structural analysis, and the accuracy of the structural analysis is directly related to the accuracy of the computational fluid dynamic analysis. In this study, the fluid–structure interaction method of the H-type Darrieus wind turbine was carried out. The computational fluid dynamic model was confirmed by experimental data in the literature. The results showed that the six-degrees-of-freedom solver deviates on average 5.0% less than experimental data. Using the fluid–structure interaction method, the maximum principal stress, equivalent stress and deformation values on the blade were obtained depending on the pressure load distribution on the turbine blade, and it was determined that the turbine can operate safely under operating conditions.
Behaviour of piled embankment with multi-interaction arching model
Authors: Pham Tuan A.
Published: November 2020

The main focus of this paper is to present a multi-interaction model under a simplified form for calculating load transfer to piles and geosynthetic strain of piled embankments. The multi-interaction model is established by considering the integrated load transfer mechanisms and all the interactions between the elements of a geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankment, including fill soils, geosynthetic, platform, subsoil and pile. The proposed method is based on the combination of the tensioned membrane theory for geosynthetics, soil arching theory for fill soils, friction interaction model and, subsoil support. Thereby it allows providing a suitable design approach that enables a realistic and suitable approximation in designing soil–geosynthetic systems. The proposed method can be applied to both cohesive and non-cohesive fill soils. Using this method, the influence of the subsoil consolidation degree, subsoil ultimate bearing capacity, fill shear strength and platform, are investigated considering the behaviour and deformation of piled embankments. The result of the proposed method is compared to field measurements and to five other design standards to study its validity. The results showed a good agreement between the proposed method with measured data and are better than other design methods as well as two international design standards EBGEO and BS8006.
Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa
Authors: Pretorius Zacharias A. , Prins Renée , Wessels Elsabet , Bender Cornel M. , Visser Botma , Boshoff Willem H.P.
Published: November 2020

Rust diseases, although seasonal, have been severe constraints in wheat production in South Africa for almost 300 years. Rust research gained momentum with the institution of annual surveys in the 1980s, followed by race identification, an understanding of rust epidemiology, and eventually a focused collaboration amongst pathologists, breeders and geneticists. Diversity in South African populations of Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici has been described and isolates are available to accurately phenotype wheat germplasm and study pathogen populations at national, regional and global levels. Sources of resistance have been, and still are, methodically analysed and molecular marker systems were developed to incorporate, stack and verify complex resistance gene combinations in breeding lines and cultivars. Vigilance, capacity, new technologies, collaboration and sustained funding are critical for maintaining and improving the current research impetus for future management of these important diseases.
Significance:

Rust diseases threaten wheat crops worldwide, including in South Africa.
Management of rusts includes regular surveillance, pathogen diversity studies, rigorous screening of wheat germplasm, and efficient breeding and selection for resistance.
Collaboration among plant pathologists, geneticists and breeders has provided momentum in rust research and control in South Africa in recent years.
Establishment of Beauveria bassiana isolates as endophytes in rice cultivars and their biocontrol efficacy against rice stem borer, Sesamia calamistis
Authors: Bancole Wonroo B.A. , Laing Mark D. , Yobo Kwasi S. , Togola Abou
Published: November 2020

Possible endophytic colonisation of rice cultivar parts (leaves, stem and roots) by Beauveria bassiana isolates and their potential as biocontrol agents against Sesamia calamistis Hampson (African pink stem borer) were investigated. Five promising B. bassiana isolates were evaluated for their endophytic colonisation, the effectiveness of the inoculation methods and the efficacy of the isolates as biocontrol agents against S. calamistis. The plant part colonised is often dependent on the inoculation method. Colonisation of plant parts was assessed at 30 and 60 days after seed inoculation and foliar spray. For the pathogenicity activity, third instar larvae of S. calamistis were fed with rice stems that were previously inoculated with endophytic isolates of B. bassiana. Both inoculation methods led to the colonisation of the rice cultivar tissues, but were affected by the interactions of cultivars x isolates x inoculation methods. The colonisation of the cultivar plant parts varied over time (30- and 60-day intervals), and was affected by the inoculation method used. For both inoculation methods, highly significant differences were observed in the roots and the leaves over time (p=0.0001). However, with seed treatment, there was no significant difference in levels of colonisation in stems by the isolates x time (p=0.32). The B. bassiana isolates were pathogenic on the third instar larvae of S. calamistis, causing mortalities of more than 50% at 28 days after treatment. However, the virulence of the isolates varied. According to the isolates and the inoculation methods, B. bassiana formed an endophytic relationship with rice plants, and produced various mortality rates.
Significance:

Beauveria bassiana could be a potential biocontrol agent of rice stem borer, S. calamistis as there is no report of endophytic isolates of B. bassiana for the control of rice borers.
Currently there is no commercially registered biocontrol agent against rice borers; hence further studies into B. bassiana could lead to the registration and commercialisation of B. bassiana as a bio-pesticide for rice stem borers.
Benefits of maize resistance breeding and chemical control against northern leaf blight in smallholder farms in South Africa
Authors: Berger Dave K. , Mokgobu Tumisang , De Ridder Katrien , Christie Nanette , Aveling Theresa A.S.
Published: November 2020

Maize underpins food security in South Africa. An annual production of more than 10 million tons is a combination of the output of large-scale commercial farms plus an estimated 250 000 ha cultivated by smallholder farmers. Maize leaves are a rich source of nutrients for fungal pathogens. Farmers must limit leaf blighting by fungi to prevent sugars captured by photosynthesis being ‘stolen’ instead of filling the grain. This study aimed to fill the knowledge gap on the prevalence and impact of fungal foliar diseases in local smallholder maize fields. A survey with 1124 plant observations from diverse maize hybrids was conducted over three seasons from 2015 to 2017 in five farming communities in KwaZulu-Natal Province (Hlanganani, Ntabamhlophe, KwaNxamalala) and Eastern Cape Province (Bizana, Tabankulu). Northern leaf blight (NLB), common rust, Phaeosphaeria leaf spot, and grey leaf spot had overall disease incidences of 75%, 77%, 68% and 56%, respectively, indicating high disease pressure in smallholder farming environments. NLB had the highest disease severity (LSD test, p<0.05). A yield trial focused on NLB in KwaZulu-Natal showed that this disease reduced yields in the three most susceptible maize hybrids by 36%, 71% and 72%, respectively. Eighteen other hybrids in this trial did not show significant yield reductions due to NLB, which illustrates the progress made by local maize breeders in disease resistance breeding. This work highlights the risk to smallholder farmers of planting disease-susceptible varieties, and makes recommendations on how to exploit the advances of hybrid maize disease resistance breeding to develop farmer-preferred varieties for smallholder production.
Significance:

Northern leaf blight, grey leaf spot, Phaeosphaeria leaf spot and common rust diseases were widespread in KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape smallholder maize fields where fungicides were not applied.
NLB was the most severe maize leaf disease overall.
NLB caused maize leaf blighting, which reduced grain yields by 36–72% in susceptible maize hybrids.
Maize resistance breeding has produced locally adapted hybrids that do not have significant yield losses under NLB disease pressure.
Potato virus Y and Potato leafroll virus management under climate change in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Krüger Kerstin , Van der Waals Jacquie E.
Published: November 2020

Potato has increased in importance as a staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, where its production is faced with a multitude of challenges, including plant disease development and spread under changing climatic conditions. The economically most important plant viruses affecting potatoes globally are Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Disease management relies mostly on the use of insecticides, cultural control and seed certification schemes. A major obstacle in many sub-Saharan Africa countries is the availability of disease-free quality seed potatoes. Establishment and implementation of quality control through specialised seed production systems and certification schemes is critical to improve seed potato quality and reduce PVY and PLRV sources. Seed could be further improved by breeding virus-resistant varieties adapted to different environmental conditions combined with management measures tailored for smallholder or commercial farmers to specific agricultural requirements. Innovative technologies – including more sensitive testing, remote sensing, machine learning and predictive models – provide new tools for the management of PVY and PLRV, but require support for adoption and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa.

Significance:

Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are the two major potato viruses threatening profitable seed potato production.

High-quality seed shortage in many sub-Saharan Africa countries has been identified as a constraint to increasing yield.

Specialised seed grower or seed certification programmes should be implemented to prevent virus transmission from seed to daughter tubers.

Sustainable PVY and PLRV management in seed potatoes requires specific regional approaches to growth, farming and climatic conditions.

Future research should include predictive models and new innovative technologies such as more sensitive testing, machine learning and remote sensing.
Occurrence and spread of the banana fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4 in Mozambique
Authors: Viljoen Altus , Mostert Diane , Chiconela Tomas , Beukes Ilze , Fraser Connie , Dwyer Jack , Murray Henry , Amisse Jamisse , Matabuana Elie L. , Tazan Gladys , Amugoli Otuba M. , Mondjana Ana , Vaz Antonia , Pretorius Anria , Bothma Sheryl , Rose Lindy J. , Beed Fenton , Dusunceli Fazil , Chao Chih-Ping , Molina Agustin
Published: November 2020

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses a major threat to banana production globally. A variant of Foc that originated in Southeast Asia, called tropical race 4 (TR4), was detected on a Cavendish banana export plantation (Metocheria) in northern Mozambique in 2013. Foc TR4 was rapidly disseminated on the farm, and affected approximately half a million plants within 3 years. The fungus was also detected on a second commercial property approximately 200 km away (Lurio farm) a year later, and on a small-grower’s property near Metocheria farm in 2015. Surveys in Mozambique showed that non-Cavendish banana varieties were only affected by Foc race 1 and race 2 strains. The testing of Cavendish banana somaclones in northern Mozambique revealed that GCTCV-119 was most resistant to Foc TR4, but that GCTCV-218 produced better bunches. The occurrence of Foc TR4 in northern Mozambique poses a potential threat to food security on the African continent, where banana is considered a staple food and source of income to millions of people. Cavendish somaclones can be used, in combination with integrated disease management practices, to replace susceptible Cavendish cultivars in southern Africa. The comprehensive testing of African cooking bananas for resistance to Foc TR4 is required, along with the improvement of biosecurity and preparedness of growers on the African continent.
Significance:

This paper presents the first official report of the invasive pest Foc TR4 in Africa.
The spread of Foc TR4 on Cavendish banana farms in Mozambique was documented.
Banana varieties that could replace susceptible Cavendish bananas were identified.
Recognising the importance of plant health in today’s world
Authors: Montuori Mirko
Published: November 2020

The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO.
Determinantes da lealdade online em sites de alojamento: um estudo comparativo do comportamento do consumidor português e brasileiro
Authors: De Aguiar Pâmela Mossmann , Bairrada Cristela Maia , Coelho Arnaldo Fernandes Matos
Published: November 2020

Tendo em conta o ambiente digital onde atualmente vivemos, este trabalho de investigação objetiva estudar os determinantes da lealdade online, mais especificamente nos sites de reserva de alojamento. Este trabalho visou abarcar um número maior de possíveis antecedentes da lealdade online, tanto de cunho cognitivo (como o valor utilitário, o valor percebido, o boca-a-boca online), quanto afetivo (como o valor hedônico, a percepção de diversão, a aprendizagem). Além disso, propõe-se a analisar se as diferenças culturais entre os brasileiros e os portugueses afetam a lealdade online e as relações que se estabelecem entre esta variável e os seus antecedentes, pelo que a amostra final é constituída por 482 indivíduos (227 brasileiros e 255 portugueses). A análise dos dados, feita por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (MEE), mostrou que as diferenças culturais influenciam na formação da lealdade online. Também revelou que, por um lado, a qualidade online, a percepção de diversão, a satisfação online e o valor utilitário apresentaram-se como importantes antecedentes da lealdade online. Por outro lado, verificou-se que o valor hedônico apareceu como um possível influenciador que merece atenção e maior investigação.
Estudo de antecedentes da aceitação de sites de reservas online, intenção de compra e boca-a-boca positivo
Authors: Rubem Robledo Cunha , Ferreira Jorge Brantes , Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz
Published: November 2020

Este estudo buscou compreender os fatores que influenciam a intenção de compra e o boca a boca positivo de sites de reserva online, sendo testadas as relações entre a comunicabilidade, complexidade, vantagem relativa e risco percebido sobre atitude, influenciando a intenção de compra e o boca a boca positivo. O modelo foi testado por meio de equações estruturais, com dados coletados por meio de um questionário aplicado, de forma online, em 453 respondentes para a avaliação de cada construto. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a confiança do modelo e as hipóteses apresentadas, com um bom nível de explicação das variáveis dependentes. Esse estudo apresenta elementos que podem ser trabalhados pelas empresas que visam impulsionar a utilização e propagação dos sites de reservas, assim como pontos de atenção a serem considerados pelos concorrentes.
Effect of the magnetotherapy in the regeneration after tenotomy in animals magnetotherapy in the regeneration
Authors: Grimaldo Adrian Guilhermo Carrillo , Silva Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da , Bezerra Débora Antunes Pousa , Lima Luíza Batista , Freire Artur Dantas , Santos Isafran Emanuelle dos , Senneke Marcelo Alejandro , Meyer Patrícia Froes
Published: November 2020

Background: The Achilles tendon is the largest and most resistant tendon in the human body, being one of the most common areas of overload injury among athletes. The rupture occurs more frequently in football athletes, running and jumping, because these activities cause a great stress on the tendon during eccentric muscle contraction of the sural triceps. Among the different physiotherapy resources used to repair tendon injuries, there is magnetotherapy, which is a feature that uses a pulsatile electromagnetic field, a suggested inducer of the acceleration of regeneration. Objective: To investigate the effects of magnetotherapy on the organization of collagen and elastic fibers and inflammatory process induced in different days and phases of the healing process of Achilles tendon injury in rats. Method: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (each with n = 6), submitted to tenotomy by transverse shear in the middle third of the right Achilles tendon, except for group 1, which was control group without injury, sacrificed on day 14. Group 2, control with injury, sacrificed on day 7; group 3 was treated and received 5 pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) applications from 24h post injury and sacrificed on day 7; group 4, control with injury and sacrificed on day 14; and group 5 received 12 PEMF applications from 24h post injury and sacrificed on day 14. The parameters used were 20 mT, 50Hz and 30 minutes of application in each session, using the Magnetherp 330 digital device (Meditea). At the end of treatment, a histological study was performed to evaluate the amount of collagen and elastic cells and fibers and to compare the degree of organization of collagen fibers. Results: G - 3, compared to its control G - 2 showed lower acute inflammatory response; G - 5 did not show acute and chronic inflammation and possessed an accelerated process of repair without fibrosis, unlike its control. Conclusion: The magnetotherapy decreased the signs of inflammation in the acute phase, accelerated the repair process with the onset of fibrosis in 7 days; and at 14 days the tendon tissue was healed, with organizing fibrosis, without acute or chronic inflammation.
Effects of the Pilates method isolated and associated with manual therapy in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Gordon Stephany , Ruivo Daniele Bastos , Viscardi Luciana Gonzalez Auad , Oliveira Adriana Sarmento de
Published: November 2020

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is clinically defined by the International Continence Society as involuntary urine loss. Currently, UI isconsidered a public health issue worldwide, considering that the prevalence in women is quite high, requiring attention from healthprofessionals. Objective: To evaluate the effects of the Pilates method associated with Manual Therapy in women with UI. Methods: It wasperformed a randomized, controlled, longitudinal clinical trial with a quantitative approach of the data. 14 female participants were evaluated,aged 20 to 55 years and who had presented episodes of urinary loss in the last months. The following evaluations were carried out: anamnesis,evaluation of urogynecological history, application of the King’s Health Questionnaire and PERFECT test. After all the evaluations, half of thevolunteers received treatment for urinary incontinence through a physical therapy approach that includes the Pilates method associated withManual Therapies (GPT), and the other half received treatment using only the Pilates method (GP). Results: Both groups showed increasedPFM strength, being GPT (p = 0.04) and GP (p = 0.00); increased resistance, being GPT (p = 0.02) and GP (p = 0.01); and the contraction offibers, being GPT (p = 0.04) and GP (p = 0.02). In the GPT there was a decrease in the severity measures (p = 0.01); disappearance ofnocturia (p = 0.04); decreased symptoms of SUI (p = 0.02); and bladder pain (p = 0.04). In the GP, there was a significant improvement in theperception of health (p = 0.00); decreased UI impact on the participant's life (p = 0.02); the influence of UI on emotions (p = 0.00); symptomsof overactive bladder (p = 0.01); and the SUI (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Both treatment protocols decrease episodes of leakage of urine whenthere is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, increase the PFM strength, endurance and number of fast contractions, and the quality oflife of women with UI. However, only the group that received only the Pilates protocol showed an increase in repetitions of slow contraction.
Yetişkin Hastalarda Üst Gastrointestinal Sistemde Yabancı Cisimlerin Yönetimi: Retrospektif Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: ÇELİK Ferit , ŞENKAYA Ali , ÜNAL Nalan , ASLANOV Seymur , ÖZÜTEMİZ Ahmet
Published: November 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Gastrointestinal sistemde yabancı cisimler dünyada ve ülkemizde ciddi mortalite ve morbidite nedenidir. Genellikle endoskopi ile çoğu vakada tedavi sağlanır. Bu çalışmada amaç üst gastrointestinal sistemde yabancı cisimlerin klinik, epidemiyolojik karakteristiklerinin tanımlanması, yerleşim özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, yapılan endoskopik tedaviler ve sonuçlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Ocak 2016-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dalında üst gastrointestinal sistemde yabancı cisim nedeniyle endoskopi yapılan hastaları içermektedir. Yabancı cismin özelliği, lokalizasyonu, komplikasyon varlığı ve tedavi şekline hastalara ait özofagogastroduodenoskopi raporlarından ulaşılmıştır. Hastane elektronik veritabanı kullanılarak hastaların; yaş, cinsiyet, mental durumu, endoskopinin yapılma zamanı, semptomları, mortalite durumu ile ilgili bilgilere ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmadaki 43 hastanın 16’sı kadın (%37.2), yaş ortalaması 52.2 yıl (22-86) idi. Hastaların 16'sında disfaji (%45.7) en sık semptom olarak saptanmıştır. Yabancı cisimler en sık olarak; 29 hastada özofagusta (%67.4) ve 8 hastada (%18.6) midede saptanmıştır. Endoskopi sırasında saptanan yabancı cisimlerin 28’i gıda (%65.1), 6'sı metal (%14) ve 9'u diğer (%20.9) yapıda görülmüştür. En sık tercih edilen endoskopik tedavi hastaların 21’inde fare dişli forseps (%48.8) ile yabancı cisim çıkarılmasıdır. Hastaların 13’ünde komplikasyon gelişmiş olup (%30.2), en sık komplikasyon olarak laserasyon saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Gastrointestinal sistemdeki yabancı cisimler genellikle cerrahi müdahale gerek¬tirmeyip, erken endoskopik müdahale, yutulan yabancı cismin tanı ve tedavisinde en sık kullanılan, güvenli ve etkili yöntemdir.
El curso de Miraflores en tiempos de pandemia: memorias de las ediciones de 2018 y 2019
Authors: Guerrero Vázquez Pablo
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo da cuenta de las dos últimas ediciones de un curso de verano celebrado desde hace doce años en Miraflores de la Sierra. Cada mes de septiembre, en este curso dirigido por los profesores Aragón y Solozabal, son estudiadas las principales novedades que afectan al Estado de las autonomías por académicos, políticos y profesionales de la justicia constitucional. En 2020, por razones sobradamente conocidas, el curso de Miraflores no se ha celebrado. Estas líneas han sido redactadas con la finalidad de mitigar la nostalgia que dicha suspensión provoca, aunque posiblemente ha conseguido justo lo contrario.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM WASTE IN A SANITARY LANDFILL REACTOR
Authors: ALDRAWSHA Assem , İSMAİL Ahmed , NATARAJAN Rajamohan , İBRAHİM Osama
Published: November 2020

In this research study, the feasibility of waste to biogas conversion in a sanitary landfill unit was investigated. The academic work was about quantifying the methane emission values during the wet season, by applying the FOD method on a static flux chamber and a pilot-scale sanitary landfill, and the methane emission potential table was established. The study was conducted for a period of 16 weeks from November 2018 to February 2019. The waste used in the pilot-scale sanitary landfill included food and cattle waste. It was observed that the methane emission rate peaked at 0.25 g/m2.d during week 10 and decreased to 0.12 g/m2.d during week 16. In addition, the carbon dioxide concentration obtained was 45% during the anaerobic phases and around 50% during the aerobic phases. The academic work studied the contribution of leachate pH, waste moisture content, and gas temperature to change methane emission values. The waste moisture content proved to have a direct relationship with the methane emission values, unlike the gas temperature. The leachate pH value during week 10/5th test day was found to be 7.92, and increased steadily throughout the remaining study period, even though the methane emission values decreased during that period (after week 10/5th test day).It was observed that the leachate recirculation process decreased the leachate content even though it affected the methane emission values.
Incidencia del tiempo de retención hidráulica en el plancton del reservorio La Chapa (Santana, Boyacá), Colombia
Authors: Barrera-Herrera July Andrea , Aranguren-Riaño Nelson , Páez-Ruíz Yuli Marcela , Molina-Pacheco Leana Baneza , Pedroza-Ramos Adriana , Díaz-Ballesteros Carlos Alejandro
Published: November 2020

El tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH) constituye un factor determinante en la expresión de la estructura biológica y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas acuáticos por su asociación con la dinámica de entrada y salida de agua del sistema, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre el efecto de su variabilidad en la estructuración y la función de las comunidades acuáticas. En este estudio se determinó el TRH durante seis meses en un pequeño reservorio de la región andina y se analizó cómo su variación incide sobre el comportamiento de las variables físicas, químicas y biológicas. Se midieron las variables físicas y químicas del agua, y se obtuvo la batimetría del sistema y la información de diversidad taxonómica (riqueza y densidad) y funcional (riqueza y divergencia) del plancton. El TRH se estimó como la relación entre el volumen retenido y el balance del caudal. Los resultados sugirieron que: 1) un TRH menor a 30 días promovía el aumento de nutrientes y ello elevaba la productividad primaria, la concentración de oxígeno disuelto y el pH, los cuales se asocian con un aumento en la riqueza taxonómica y funcional del plancton, especialmente del fitoplancton; 2) un TRH de más de 30 días se relacionó con una menor concentración de nutrientes, el aumento de la temperatura y la conductividad eléctrica, lo que se corresponde con una simplificación de la estructura de la comunidad planctónica. Por último, se resalta el uso de la hipótesis de disturbio intermedio para comprender las observaciones y el TRH como factor determinante en la comprensión del funcionamiento de este tipo de ecosistemas.
Variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas de mayor influencia en el estado trófico de cinco embalses andinos colombianos
Authors: Villabona González Silvia Lucía , Benjumea-Hoyos Carlos A. , Gutiérrez-Monsalve Jaime Andrés , López-Muñoz Mónica Tatiana , González Ernesto José
Published: November 2020

Los modelos de medición del estado trófico en embalses pueden ser diferentes a los establecidos en ecosistemas naturales debido principalmente al efecto de los aportes de la cuenca y la operación. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer modelos basados en variables físicas, químicas y biológicas que permitieran explicar y predecir el estado trófico de embalses andinos colombianos. La información se recopiló entre febrero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015 para determinar el estado trófico en cinco embalses andinos colombianos mediante el índice basado en la concentraciónde fósforo total diseñado para lagos cálidos tropicales. Las relaciones entre las variables se establecieron utilizando la correlación de Spearman y análisis canónicos, y las diferencias entre los grupos mediante las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y post hoc de Dunn. Se generó un modelo logístico multinomial para estimar la probabilidad de asignación de la categoría de estado trófico y un árbol de clasificación y regresión para determinar las variables explicativas de mayor relevancia. Se hallaron siete categorías que incluyeron desde el estado ultraoligotrófico hasta el hipereutrófico, en tanto que el análisis discriminante arrojó tres grupos de embalses: hipereutróficos (Porce II), meso-eutróficos (Porce III) y oligotróficos (Amaní, Punchiná y San Lorenzo), clasificación que se explica por la conductividad eléctrica y el contenido de fósforo total y clorofila a. Las densidades planctónicas no mostraron relación significativa con el nivel trófico, aunque la densidad del zooplancton tendió a incrementar con este. Se puede concluir que los modelos estadísticos generados permitieron predecir el estado trófico de los embalses estudiados.
La familia Elmidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea) en Colombia: riqueza taxonómica y distribución
Authors: González-Córdoba Marcela , Zúñiga María del Carmen , Manzo Verónica
Published: November 2020

Los élmidos son una familia de escarabajos acuáticos muy frecuentes en ambientes lóticos y de amplia utilización como bioindicadores de la calidad de agua. Con el objetivo de reconocer la riqueza y la distribución de los géneros de Elmidae en Colombia, se revisaron e identificaron 22.150 ejemplares (larvas y adultos) recolectados y depositados entre 1976 y 2017 en varias colecciones entomológicas del país, en especial el Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle. Los puntos de muestreo se ubicaron entre los 10 y los 3.947 m s.n.m., en 29 departamentos, 154 municipios y alrededor de 420 cuerpos de agua de diferente orden de magnitud, incluidas las principales macrocuencas y las cinco regiones naturales del país. Se registraron 29 géneros de Elmidae, de los cuales 23 correspondían a la subfamilia Elminae: Austrelmis, Austrolimnius, Cylloepus, Epodelmis, Gyrelmis, Heterelmis, Hexacylloepus, Hintonelmis, Holcelmis, Huleechius, Macrelmis, Microcylloepus, Neocylloepus, Neoelmis, Neolimnius, Notelmis, Onychelmis, Pilielmis, Portelmis, Stegoelmis, Stenhelmoides, Tyletelmis y Xenelmis, y seis a Larainae: Disersus, Hexanchorus, Phanoceroides, Phanocerus, Pharceonus y Pseudodisersus. Se hizo una sinopsis taxonómica con datos geográficos, mapas de distribución y registro fotográfico para cada género. Se actualizó el listado nacional con 59 especies y se ampliaron los rangos de distribución de los géneros conocidos en el país. Se incluyeron datos de las larvas de Gyrelmis, Notelmis, Onychelmis y Stenhelmoides, cuya asociación con el adulto era desconocida. Estos datos representan el 60,4 % de los géneros conocidos en el Neotrópico y 67,4 % de los registrados en Suramérica, lo que significa que Colombia es el país neotropical con el mayor registro genérico de Elmidae.
Innate trypanolytic factors in triatomine hemolymph against Trypanosoma rangeli and T. cruzi: a comparative study in eight Chagas disease vectors
Authors: Suárez-Quevedo Yazmin , Barbosa-Vinasco Hamilton Julián , Gutiérrez-Garnizo Sneider Alexander , Olaya-Morales Jenny Lorena , Zabala-González Daniel , Carranza-Martínez Julio César , Guhl-Nannetti Felipe , Cantillo-Barraza Omar , Vallejo Gustavo Adolfo
Published: November 2020

There is limited information about the innate immunity of triatomines against Trypanosoma rangeli, an infectious, non-pathogenic human parasite, and T. cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. This study aimed at addressing this gap by studying the in vitro trypanolytic hemolymph activity from insects not infected by T. rangeli or T. cruzi. Eight triatomine species were examined including Rhodnius prolixus, R. robustus, R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, Triatoma dimidiata, T. maculata, and Panstrongylus geniculatus. The hemolymph of R. prolixus and R. robustus laboratory colonies demonstrated strong trypanolytic activity during the first 14 hours of parasite incubation with 81% lysis for the T. rangeli C genotype, 90% for the E genotype, 95% for T. cruzi discrete taxonomic unit (DTU) TcII, 94% for TcV, 96% for TcVI, 94% for Tcbat, and 90% for Tcmarinkellei. No lysis activity was detected 14 or 24 hours after parasite incubation with the hemolymph of insects from R. pictipes R. pallescens, P. geniculatus, and T. maculata colonies. Identical results (absence of lysis) were observed using hemolymph from R. colombiensis and T. dimidiata laboratory colonies and specimens captured in sylvatic environments. The hemolymph lytic activity against recently obtained cultures (95% decrease in live parasite count) and long-term T. cruzi TcII ones (96% decrease) was similar. Lytic activity was similar in hemolymph from R. prolixus nymphs, males and females and insects fed on chicken or mouse blood. This is the first comparative study of the trypanolytic activity of hemolymph from different triatomine species against T. rangeli and T. cruzi genotypes. Although the chemical structures of such lysis factors and the mechanisms determining their expression have not been fully determined, their identification furthers our understanding of triatomines’ innate immunity and their role in Trypanosoma transmission.
Diversidad y distribución de la comunidad fitoperifítica presente en un río andino amazónico y su relación con variables ambientales
Authors: Godoy -Lozada Donovan , Pelaez-Rodriguez Marlon
Published: November 2020

En el presente estudio se evaluaron la diversidad y la distribución de la comunidad fitoperifítica de un río andino amazónico, el río Hacha (en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá), mediante el análisis de esta comunidad asociada con un sustrato rocoso en cuatro estaciones del gradiente altitudinal del río en periodos de alta y baja precipitación. En cada periodo climático se analizó la variación espacial de la composición y la abundancia del fitoperifiton, así como los factores ambientales que pueden ser responsables de dicha variación, y se contrastaron a partir de pruebas de comparación múltiple, un Anova y un análisis de ordenación. Se evidenció un aumento aguas abajo de la temperatura, la turbidez, y la demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio, y una disminución de oxígeno disuelto a medida que se pasaba de las mayores altitudes a las menores durante los dos períodos analizados. Las variables de turbidez, temperatura y conductividad influyeron positivamente sobre la abundancia y la biomasa. El índice de Shannon tuvo una relación inversa significativa con las variables de demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio y una positiva con las variables de pH y oxígeno disuelto. La clase Bacillariophyceae fue la de mayor distribución altitudinal, así como de morfoespecies registradas (52,3 %), y las estaciones A1 y A2 presentaron la mayor diversidad fitoperifítica en los muestreos. La estación Puente López (A4) registró los menores valores de riqueza y valores elevados de demanda biológica de oxígeno y amonio en las dos épocas de muestreo.
Larvas de Trichoptera en un gradiente altitudinal en un río neotropical
Authors: Oliveros-Villanueva Jorge D. , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Serna-Macias Daniel J.
Published: November 2020

Se evaluó la diversidad de larvas de tricópteros en cuatro sitios establecidos a lo largo del río Gaira, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Se valoraron la diversidad y la abundancia de los ensamblajes y se examinaron características ambientales y su relación con la distribución de los taxones. La recolección de los organismos se hizo manualmente y con una red Surber. Se recolectaron 443 organismos de 10 familias y 21 géneros, 11 de los cuales constituyen los primeros registros en el río Gaira y uno de estos el primero en Colombia. Los géneros exclusivos en los tramos de mayor altitud (San Lorenzo y La Cascada) correspondieron a cf Amazonatolica, Cyrnellus, Nectopcyche y Polycentropus, con 97 en San Lorenzo y 112 en La Cascada. En la parte media del río fueron Ochotrichia, Cerasmatrichia y Metrichia, tramo donde se presentó la menor abundancia (69 individuos). Por último, en la estación ubicada en la parte baja se encontraron individuos de Protoptila, Mortoniella, Oecetis y Chimarra y, además, las mayores abundancias (165 individuos) y diversidad de géneros (13). En cuanto al gradiente de distribución altitudinal, los géneros que  presentaron los rangos más amplios fueron Smicridea, Leptonema y Xiphocentron. Se registró un 51,1 % de los géneros de tricópteros descritos en diferentes ríos y altitudes del territorio nacional.