bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heritabilitas dan Hubungan Antar Karakter Kuantitatif Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) pada Tiga Lingkungan
Authors: Dian Rakhmad  , Muhamad Syukur  , Willy Bayuardi Suwarno
Published: April 2021

Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) is known as tropical soybean with high nutritional content. Lack of information on the variance components and heritability of winged bean breeding is one of the reasons for the lack of winged bean breeding programs in Indonesia. This reseach aimed to obtain information on variance components, heritability and relationship between winged bean traits. The experiment was conducted in three environments, from January 2019 to June 2020. Two environments located in Bogor and one in Palembang. Eleven genotypes of winged bean were tested and 11 traits were observed. The result showed that flowering time and seed number per pod performed wide genetic variability. High heritability was observed on seed number per pod (89.48%), flowering time (83.32%), young pods length (70.97%), and weight of 100 seeds (68.63%). The results of correlation analysis and path analysis showed that young pod productivity (1.07), seed weight per plot (0.81), flowering time (0.29), young pod length (0.17), young pod width (0.12), seed weight per plant (0.09), and 100 seeds weight (0.01) had a positive direct effect on wing bean productivity. Flowering time, seed number per pod, seed weight per plant are suitable characters for selection criteria for breeding high productivity winged bean.

Keywords: correlation, genetic variability, path analysis
The Efisiensi Penggunaan Nitrogen pada Padi Gogo Varietas IPB 9G
Authors: Suwarto  , Defiyanto Djami Adi  , Iskandar Lubis  , Sugiyanta
Published: April 2021

Beras merupakan makanan pokok di Indonesia. Beberapa varietas padi gogo unggul baru telah dilepas dan perlu dilengkapi pemupukan yang akurat di lokasi tertentu. Salah satu jenis pupuk tersebut adalah nitrogen (N). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan N pada padi gogo IPB 9G sebagai respon terhadap dosis pupuk N. Dosis pupuk yang diaplikasikan adalah 0, 46, 92, 138, dan 184 kg N ha-1 dalam bentuk urea (46% N). Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan di Darmaga, Bogor pada Maret-Juli 2018. Petak percobaan berukuran 3.5 m x 3.0 m. Padi gogo ditanam dengan jarak 50 cm x 10 cm. Efisiensi penggunaan N dinilai dari pertumbuhan padi, serapan N, efisiensi agronomi dan fisiologis. Peningkatan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan mengikuti peningkatan dosis N. Serapan N dan hasil gabah memiliki respon kuadratik terhadap dosis N dan dapat menjadi indikator efisiensi pemupukan N. Serapan N dan hasil gabah yang maksimum diperoleh dari dosis pupuk N yang hampir sama, rata-rata 143.8 kg N ha-1 (312.5 kg urea ha-1). Untuk efisiensi pemupukan N padi gogo IPB 9G pada tanah dengan N total sedang (0.27%) di musim kering dapat diaplikasikan 143.8 kg N ha-1 (urea 312.5 kg N ha-1).

Kata kunci: efisiensi agronomis, efisiensi fisiologis, hasil biji, serapan N
Sterilisasi dan Pertumbuhan In Vitro Tunas Aksilar Pepaya Kultivar Callina dan Caliso
Authors: Fajri Rahmi , Efendi Darda , Dinarti Diny
Published: April 2021

Pepaya tipe sedang dan kecil sudah digemari di Indonesia sejak satu dekade lalu. Sebagian besar tanaman pepaya yang diperbanyak dari biji menghasilkan profit yang rendah karena heterogenitas dan variasi genetik yang diakibatkan oleh penyerbukan silang, sehingga diperlukan kegiatan secara kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) IPB, Bogor, dari November 2018 hingga Januari 2020. Eksplan merupakan tunas aksilar pepaya kultivar Callina dan Caliso umur 2 minggu. Penelitian dirancang secara faktorial dalam lingkungan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua percobaan: a) Percobaan pertama bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode sterilisasi dengan faktor sumber eksplan (rumah kaca dan lapangan) dan metode sterilisasi (M1, M2, M3, dan M4), dan b) Percobaan kedua bertujuan untuk optimalisasi konsentrasi BAP dan GA3 pada pertumbuhan tunas dengan konsentrasi BAP 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, dan 2.0 mg L-1, dan konsentrasi GA3 0.0, 0.3, dan 0.4 mg L-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksplan dari rumah kaca pada sterilisasi metode M4 menghasilkan tingkat kontaminasi terendah yaitu 19.9% untuk Caliso dan 29.9% untuk Callina. Media terbaik untuk menghasilkan tinggi tunas optimum adalah BAP 0.5 mg L-1 dan GA3 0.3 mg L-1 untuk Caliso dan BAP 0.5 mg L-1 dan GA3 0.4 mg L-1 untuk Callina dengan tinggi rata-rata 1.6 dan 1.8 cm, sehingga tunas dapat dipindahkan ke tahap pengakaran.

Kata kunci: Asam giberelat, Benzyl amino purine, Carica papaya, kontaminasi, sterilisasi
Penampilan Agronomis dan Produktivitas Galur-Galur Padi Rawa pada Lahan Lebak
Authors: Sumardi  , Chozin Mohammad , Sigit Sudjatmiko
Published: April 2021

Program pemuliaan padi rawa memiliki nilai strategis dalam upaya  mengoptimalkan fungsi lahan rawa sebagai sumber pangan melalui penyediaan varietas-varietas padi berdaya hasil tinggi dan adaptif pada ekosistem rawa. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi penampilan agronomis dan potensi hasil dari 10 galur padi rawa. Percobaan dilaksanakan mulai Juni 2018 hingga November 2018 pada lahan lebak dangkal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Bengkulu  dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dengan tiga ulangan. Galur padi rawa yang dievaluasi adalah UBPR 1, UBPR 2, UBPR 3, UBPR 4, UBPR 6, UBPR 7,  UBPR 8, UBPR 9, UBPR 10, dan UBPR 11 dengan    Inpara 4 dan Inpara 5 sebagai varietas pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 genotipe yang evaluasi memiliki penampilan agronomis dan potensi hasil  yang beragam. UBPR 1,  UBPR 3, UBPR 4, dan UBPR 10 memiliki postur tanaman yang relatif tinggi dan umur lebih dalam daripada dua varietras pembanding,  namun dengan potensi hasil lebih tinggi. UBPR 2, UBPR 7, dan UBPR 8 memiliki penampilan agronomis yang setara dengan kedua varietas pembanding, namun dengan potensi hasil lebih tinggi. UBPR 4, UBPR 9,  dan UBPR 11 memiliki penampilan agronomis dan potensi hasil yang setara dengan kedua varietas pembanding.
PEMANFAATAN TINGGALAN KOLONIAL DI PULAU NEIRA, KEPULAUAN BANDA, KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PRESERVASI CAGAR BUDAYA
Authors: Surbakti Karyamantha
Published: April 2021

This article written to explain about heritage preservation in Banda, especially how to made some management and utilization of cultural heritage in Banda Island. Banda actually is an important locality related to past civilization, where in this area there are many traces of colonial buildings that must be preserved in order to treat the historiographical pieces that exist in one of Indonesia regions. In the past, Neira Island was the center of trade and cultural activities for the various ethnic groups. This research aims to look at the various archaeological remains in Banda Neira and what kind of management form that use have been carried out by various stakeholders there. Are they use management and utilization based on significance value and conservation perspective. The methods applied in this research are surveys and interviews. The result showed that Neira which has aquite number of archaeological remains in the form of colonial buildings, has now changed its use to government offices, mini museums, and etc. The management of cultural heritage in Neira shows a situation where the function and use of colonial buildings has not been managed optimally. In other words, management that ignores significance value and not to tendention for conservation and preserved authentic value of archaeological remains, will ruined as cultural heritage meaning. Artikel ini ditulis untuk melihat bagaimana pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan warisan budaya yang ada di Pulau Banda. Pulau Banda sendiri menjadi lokalitas penting berkaitan dengan peradaban silam, dimana di wilayah ini banyak terdapat jejak tinggalan bangunan kolonial yang harus dipreservasi guna merawat kepingan historiografi yang ada di salah satu wilayah Indonesia. Pulau Neira di masa lalu menjadi pusat aktivitas perdagangan dan kultural dari berbagai suku bangsa yang pernah singgah di wilayah ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pelbagai tinggalan arkeologis di Banda Neira dan menilik bentuk pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan yang sudah dilakukan oleh berbagai pemangku kepentingan di sana. Apakah pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jejak tinggalan arkeologis disana sudah berbasis nilai penting dan berwawasan pelestarian. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Neira yang memiliki cukup banyak tinggalan arkeologis berupa bangunan kolonial, kini penggunaanya telah beralih fungsi menjadi kantor pemerintahan, museum mini, dan sebagainya. Pengelolaan warisan budaya di Neira menunjukkan situasi dimana alih fungsi pemanfaatan bangunan kolonial, belum dikelola secara maksimal. Dengan kata lain pengelolaan yang tidak mengindahkan manajemen berbasis nilai penting dan bertendensi pelestarian akan mengakibatkan tergerusnya nilai otentik dari tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologis tersebut sebagai cikal bakal cagar budaya. Kata kunci: Nilai penting; pelestarian; warisan budaya; manajemen sumberdaya budaya.
THE CONCEPT OF JUDGE'S IMPARTIALITY IN ADMINISTERING JUSTICE: BASIC CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES
Authors: Ivanskiy VALERIY P.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article presents a study of the legal category of "impartiality" of a judge in the administration of justice. Until recently, the concept of impartiality was identified exclusively with reason (rationality), where there was no place for the study of emotions. There is a point of view in legal positivism that the term "impartiality" is a state of consciousness in which the possibility of expressing emotions is excluded. However in recent decades Western scientific publications have revived interest in the knowledge of emotions in law which bypasses the consideration of the emotional theory of ethical phenomena by L. I. Petrazhitsky. In this regard the author of the article, first, conducted a study of the concept of impartiality of a judge based on the analysis of international documents and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Secondly, the author reviewed the Russian legislation which regulates the features of the term "impartiality" in the administration of justice. Third, the term "impartiality" was analyzed through the prism of the main concepts of emotions in law. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is characterized by the following methods: 1) general (dialectics); 2) general scientific (analysis, synthesis, system and functional approaches); 3) private scientific (formal-legal and comparative-legal); 4) problem-theoretical reconstruction. Results of the study. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author of the article not only analyzed the formal features of the term "impartiality" based on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights but also studied the nature of impartiality through the prism of modern approaches to emotions in law and classified them. As a result of the study, the following conclusions are made, which, among other things, are of practical importance: 1) impartiality in making the justice can be objective and subjective; 2) the basis for impartial decision-making by a judge can be: a) exclusively, the reason (formal-rationalistic approach);b) the reason and emotions with the dominance of the former and the negative consequences of the latter for the process of making a legal decision (irrational approach); c) reason and emotions, which are not opposed to each other, but interact with each other as equivalent components in the formation of a judicial decision (cognitive approach); d) imperative and attributive emotions, which are the source of law (ethical and legal approach). Discussion and conclusion. It is proved that the impartiality of the judge's personality is formed not only by intellectual, moral, and volitional spheres, but also by emotional ones, where the latter includes conscientiousness and receptivity. It is precisely the judges' behavior, their decision-making, that determines their beliefs based on conscience, which is the source of true law, called intuitive law.
EFFECTIVENESS AS THE MAIN CRITERION FOR TECHNICAL MEANS OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION UNDER GERMAN LAW
Authors: Kirsanov ALEXEY N. , Popovich ALEXEY A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article provides an overview of the legal regulation of copyright protection using technical means of protection. German law states that technical means of copyright protection are technologies, devices, and their components. Such technical means are created to prevent or impede illegal actions of users that are not authorized by the copyright holder in relation to the results of intellectual activity. At the same time the legislator pays special attention to the fact that the distinguishing criterion of a technical means of protection against other methods of protection is effectiveness. In the article the authors analyze the legal consolidation of the specified criterion as a distinctive feature of technical means of copyright protection, and also consider the concept and cases of bypassing technical means of protection provided for by German law. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is formed by the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the field of intellectual law: the method of system-structural analysis; method of synthesis of social and legal phenomena; comparative legal method; formal logical method. Results. As a result of the analysis it was revealed that according to German law the distinguishing feature of technical means of copyright protection from other methods of protection is the criterion of effectiveness. A technical protection device is recognized by the German legislator as effective if the technical protection device cannot be bypassed without the consent of the copyright holder. In the context of the effectiveness of a technical means of protection, German legislation broadly defines the concept of circumvention of technical means. German copyright law, unlike other foreign jurisdictions, contains provisions prohibiting the removal of a technical remedy.Discussions and Conclusions. The main criteria for technical means of copyright protection under German law have been studied, the fundamental of which is the criterion of the effectiveness of a technical means. Cases of circumvention of technical means of copyright protection provided for by German law have been identified. The legal regulation of the ban on the removal of technical means of protection has been explored.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY PLANNING AND THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY OVERSEAS BODIES’ FUNCTIONING
Authors: Borshchevskiy GEORGY A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to develop recommendations for improving the consistency of documents in the field of foreign policy planning, optimizing the algorithms for their formation and use in the activities of overseas agencies of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Materials and methods. For achieve this we use both qualitative methods (e.g. systematic approach, classification, comparative legal analysis) and quantitative methods (network graph method, statistical analysis etc.). Results of the study. The results of the work are as follows. First, we classified all documents in the field of foreign policy into groups according to their goals: regulatory (legal regulatory and goal-setting) and reporting (political reports and reference). Second, we have studied the relationships of these documents and have revealed the prevalenceof goal-setting documents over other groups while a number of such documents are poorly coordinated with each other and with reporting documents. Third, we suggested utilizing the potential of the state program of the Russian Federation “Foreign Policy Activity” and the national project “International Cooperation and Export”. Forth, we’ve proved that the foreign policy documentation mainly deals with the tasks of overseas agencies which are the link between the documents of the upper and lower levels. On the contrary, the Concept for Strengthening the Resource and Personnel Potential of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not receive development. Fifth, the degree of use of various technical reports is minimal among all reporting documents.Discussion and conclusions. The following conclusions have been made. The priorities of theforeign policy of the Russian Federation and the leading role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in coordinating their implementation may be formulated in a state program of the Russian Federation “Foreign Policy Activity”, which systematizes the priorities and allows assessing the effectiveness of their implementation in relation to the budget and key targets. It is also proposed that the diplomatic staff of overseas agencies be freed from the technical reporting which should be delegated to the administrative and technical staff. The greater effectiveness of reporting processes will be facilitated by using unified online forms. The possibility of their computer processing in the Foreign Ministry will allow summarizing data and making data-oriented organizational and personnel decisions.
Thermophilic Enzymes
Authors: Viegas Matilde , Ramos Maria João , Alexandrino Fernandes Pedro
Published: April 2021

Substantial improvements in the industrial production of goods led to a widespread feeling of unlimited access to food, commodities, and energy. As greener alternatives for industrial processes are in demand, scientists have turned to enzymes, looking for apt biocatalysts. Focusing on extremophiles, this mini review draws a comparison between thermophiles and their mesophilic counterparts, exploring what features are instrumental to their thermostability. A higher number of ion-pairs, hydrophobicity of buried side chains, compact tertiary structure cores, and a complex network of hydrogen bonds are the four main characteristics responsible for the robustness of thermophilic enzymes.
Deep Learning Point Cloud Odometry
Authors: Teixeira Bernardo , Silva Hugo
Published: April 2021

Achieving persistent and reliable autonomy for mobile robots in challenging field mission scenarios is a long-time quest for the Robotics research community. Deep learning-based LIDAR odometry is attracting increasing research interest as a technological solution for the robot navigation problem and showing great potential for the task.In this work, an examination of the benefits of leveraging learning-based encoding representations of real-world data is provided. In addition, a broad perspective of emergent Deep Learning robust techniques to track motion and estimate scene structure for real-world applications is the focus of a deeper analysis and comprehensive comparison.Furthermore, existing Deep Learning approaches and techniques for point cloud odometry tasks are explored, and the main technological solutions are compared and discussed.Open challenges are also laid out for the reader, hopefully offering guidance to future researchers in their quest to apply deep learning to complex 3D non-matrix data to tackle localization and robot navigation problems.
Epistemic and Heteroscedastic Uncertainty Estimation in Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Costa Pedro , Smailagic Asim , Cardoso Jaime , Campilho Aurélio
Published: April 2021

Current state-of-the-art medical image segmentation methods require high quality datasets to obtain good performance. However, medical specialists often disagree on diagnosis, hence, datasets contain contradictory annotations. This, in turn, leads to difficulties in the optimization process of Deep Learning models and hinder performance. We propose a method to estimate uncertainty in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) segmentation models, that makes the training of CNNs more robust to contradictory annotations. In this work, we model two types of uncertainty, heteroscedastic and epistemic, without adding any additional supervisory signal other than the ground-truth segmentation mask. As expected, the uncertainty is higher closer to vessel boundaries, and on top of thinner and less visible vessels where it is more likely for medical specialists to disagree. Therefore, our method is more suitable to learn from datasets created with heterogeneous annotators. We show that there is a correlation between the uncertainty estimated by our method and the disagreement in the segmentation provided by two different medical specialists. Furthermore, by explicitly modeling the uncertainty, the Intersection over Union of the segmentation network improves 5.7 percentage points.
BIM-based sensors technologies implemented in the construction site: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Sidani Adeeb , Duarte J. , Santos Baptista J. , Vaz Mário , Poças Martins João , Soeiro Alfredo
Published: April 2021

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is used in construction projects to improve efficiency. In general, it improves project management and monitoring, reduces time and costs, strengthens collaboration among stakeholders, and reduces risks and injuries. Sensor technologies with various functionalities are being implemented in the construction site. Technologies such as tracking workers and transmitting real-time site inspections to support the BIM tools in various fields are being used. To evaluate sensor technologies’ usability and effectiveness in Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operations (AECO) sector, a literature review adapting PRISMA Statement is proposed. Consequently, this document represents a complementary manuscript as a PRISMA Protocol (PRISMA-P).
Relevant articles are collected from top electronic databases in the construction field. This review aims to investigate the sensor connected BIM models and the technologies being utilised in the AECO sector, investigating the targeted groups, construction field, and the system architectures being used. Furthermore, the study will examine the case studies of the implemented sensors to evaluate each technology’s effectiveness. Finally, the reliability of the tools and future proposals is projected.
Machine learning in occupational safety and health: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Maheronnaghsh Sara , Zolfagharnasab H. , Gorgich M. , Duarte J.
Published: April 2021

Industry 4.0 has shaped the way people look at the world and interact with it, especially concerning the work environment with respect to occupational safety and health (OSH). Machine learning (ML), as a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), can be effectively used to create expert systems to exhibit intelligent behavior to provide solutions to complicated problems and finally process massive data. Therefore, a study is proposed to provide the best methodological practice in the light of ML. Alongside the review of previous investigations, the following research aims to determine the ML approaches appropriate to OSH issues. In other words, highlighting specific ML methodologies, which have been employed successfully in others areas. Bearing this objective in mind, one can identify an appropriate ML technique to solve a problem in the OSH domain. Accordingly, several questions were designed to conduct the research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Protocols and Systematic Reviews were used to draw the research outline. The chosen databases were SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Inspect, and Web of Science. A set of keywords related to the topic were defined, and both exclusion and inclusion criteria were determined. All of the eligible papers will be analyzed, and the extracted information will be included in an Excel form sheet. The results will be presented in a narrative-based form. Additionally, all tables summarizing the most important findings will be offered.
GIS-MULTI CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS FOR LAND ALLOCATION IN CONFLICTING PURPOSE Case Study: Adjoining Area of D’Aguilar National Park, Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Putra Muhamad Iqbal Januadi
Published: April 2021

While there are much research has been conducted to apply the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographic Information System (GIS) method to determine the suitability area for a particular purpose, only limited research has tried to examine the different approach to apply this method for the conflicting purpose. One area that has the potential to experience land use conflict in the future is the adjoining area of D’Aguilar National Park, Brisbane, Australia, due to the presence of biodiversity landscape value that needs to be protected. The objective of this paper is to allocate an area for each both residential development and conservation area in the adjoining area of D’Aguilar National Park. This research covers the method of GIS in processing the MCDA to develop the model which has many factors to support the decision making, including for the conflicting purpose.  Moreover, the method also used GIS-fuzzy MCDA or widely known as GIS-Fuzzy MCDA (GIS-FMCDA). The result of this research shows that allocating the conflicting land area is quite different from the non-conflicting one. Applying MCDA for the conflicting purpose requires different decision making to show which area would be optimal to allocate.
THATCampQueensU: Bringing Digital Humanities to Queen's
Authors: Bielinski Maya
Published: April 2021

There is a new generation of scholarship in the humanities, and it is rooted in twenty-first century technology. In response to what some have called the "crisis in humanities," scholars have begun to tackle their research questions armed with digital tools and a strong sense of collaboration in order to think across disciplines, allow for greater accessibility, and ultimately to create bigger impact. Digital Humanities, or DH, is this exciting and growing field--or maybe methodology--used by humanities scholars to share and create scholarly content.Despite the growing fervour for DH across Canada, many scholars at Queen's have yet to take advantage of the opportunities for research and teaching afforded by DH. I believe that by bringing together Digital Humanities practitioners at Queen's University, more scholars, faculty, and students would learn about and engage in dialogue about fostering and furthering DH scholarship across all disciplines. The best way to begin, I believe, is by hosting THATCamp at Queen's. The Humanities and Technology Camp is an open, inexpensive meeting where humanists and technologists of all skill levels learn and build together in sessions proposed on the spot.
Community Owned Renewable Energy: a Case for Economic Localization in Ontario
Authors: Ballyk Philip
Published: April 2021

Ontario is making some strides to promote renewable energy generation, but policies and incentives are ignoring the merits of scale of two renewable energy deployment options: community owned renewable energy and large-scale absentee owned renewables. This literature review discusses the sustainability of each option in terms of the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, environmental and social. Community owned renewable energy (CORE) projects are found to be more sustainable due to their participative process and distributive outcome. Studies from Europe and the UK show that CORE decreases opposition to renewable energy integration, has more economic impact than the centralized approach, and is a socially cohesive and empowering undertaking. The policy environment in Ontario, however, does not promote the growth of this deployment method. Changes must be made to transmission incentive structure for utilities to consider distributed generation, and laws concerning the limits of co-operatives as financial institutions, among many other changes, to provide a suitable avenue for sustainable deployment of a new energy system based on renewables
Fighting For Ireland: The Creation of Northern and Southern Irish National Identity during the First World War
Authors: McClure Bryan
Published: April 2021

The decade of 1912-1923 in Ireland was a period of transition, change, and bloodshed. By the end of the period Ireland had gone from a British colony to two separate nations, the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. While the actions of radical ultra-nationalists and unionists insured this physical partition of Ireland, the psychological and cultural divide that dominates Irish society was also created during this period. The divide between north and south was created by the epic struggle of the First World War. Both northern and southern Irish attempted to use the war to reinforce their position in the new Ireland that was to be created at the war's conclusion. The results were drastically different for both sides as the south was driven into the arms of the ultranationalists and the north into the radical unionists. By looking at public monuments, widespread stereotypes and cultural works, the separation between northern and southern Ireland becomes obvious as each side interpreted the war on opposite ends of the spectrum. The south, with its republican-nationalist leaders choosing to ignore the war and the soldiers contributions to the creation of the new Irish state to the point where the nation now suffers from a "collective amnesia". In the north, the unionists took their role in the war to become one of the foundation stones in their culture and identity. Such veneration led the unionists to develop a culture of sacrifice and bloodshed, which has contributed to the violence in Northern Ireland.
Blue Collar Brawlers and Harley Vagabonds: Masculinity in the Tavern and on the Road
Authors: Melcher Graeme
Published: April 2021

Outlaw motorcycle clubs, such as the Hells Angels, provide a modern interpretation of male working-class culture. Most notably, 19th century working-class taverns and fraternal orders can be seen as forerunners to the culture of outlaw motorcycle clubs, or ‘bikers.’ Within the confines of these spaces, men were able not only to learn male behaviour from others, but to reinforce their own masculinity through ritualized acts, such as drinking, singing, and fighting, resulting in an earned image for the culture and the space as one of violence, filth, and danger to those outside of the culture. This cultural reputation has carried over into the modern context of bikers. Originally formed to provide an adventurous outlet to, predominantly, young white men, biker culture has now become a complex and powerful subculture and image. Where early tavern culture was practiced largely in private, biker culture is defined and practiced in the public space, reinforcing its own reputation and image in the process. Despite, or perhaps because, of this public image, bikers have become deeply rooted in our collective subconscious, and represent, to some, a modern reinterpretation of the lone cowboy, making their own society in the face of all challenges. Bikers provide a modern examination of gendered spaces and masculinity. They have an element of danger and homosocial activities that make them particularly appealing to men looking for a masculine identity within a culture that they otherwise found less than welcoming – and which, in turn, did not welcome them.
6. An Investigation of the Spatial Differences in Mercury Burdens of Small Fish in a St-Lawrence River Impoundment Reservoir: the Role of Water Level Fluctuations
Authors: Parisien Michele
Published: April 2021

In many hydroelectric reservoirs across Canada, fish exhibit elevated mercury burdens. This is thought to occur due to the flooding of soil with water level fluctuations. Periods ofhigh water level may cause mercury from shoreline soil to be released into the water, which may make it available for methylation by sulfur-reducing bacteria in the sedimentand phytoplankton on plants. The amount of methylmercury produced during periods of high water level may depend on the topography of the shoreline; if the shoreline has agentle slope, more of its surface area would be covered during rises in water level than if the shoreline has a steep slope. I hypothesize that bays within a reservoir that have a gentle slope and a relatively large amount of vegetation (vegetation provides habitat for periphyton) will have more mercury than steeply-sloped bays with little vegetation. Totest this hypothesis, I have collected 10 each of the 3 most abundant fish (≤100 mm) from 3 bays in eastern Lake St. Lawrence (an impoundment reservoir with water fluctuations ≤2meters throughout the year) at Massena, NY. I will use stable isotopes to infer the trophic level and food web of each fish in order to determine spatial patterns of mercurydistribution. This study may improve our knowledge of mercury methylation patters in water reservoirs, and provide us with information necessary to properly manage the StLawrenceRiver water reservoirs.
Wątki futurystyczne i cyberpunkowe w wybranych telewizyjnych produkcjach popkultury w kontekście retoryczno-językoznawczej analizy utworu audiowizualnego
Authors: Jakiel Rafał
Published: April 2021

DOI 10.24917/20837275.9.4.10W artykule pokazano liczne możliwości podjęcia analizy językoznawczej filmów zawierających wątki futurystyczne i cyberpunkowe. Dokonany przeze mnie wybór materiału badawczego był nietypowy. Większość wybranych seriali telewizyjnych nie stanowi klasycznego przykładu analizowanej przeze mnie literatury i jej adaptacji. Próbowałem odnaleźć i opisać popkulturowe produkty tylko zainspirowane literaturą futurystyczną i cyberpunkową; takie, które nie muszą spełniać wszystkich warunków stawianych pracom tego nurtu, np. Westworld (HBO), Doctor Who (BBC) and Mr. Robot (USA Network). Moim celem było zebranie i omówienie interesujących jednostek językowym i ich najróżniejszych złożonych zastosowań, które mogą interesować badaczy retoryki i językoznawców. Niektóre audiowizualne utwory opisałem jedynie pokrótce. Stanowić mają one zaproszenie do dalszych badawczych aktywności: Black Mirror (Channel 4 / Netflix), Extant (CBS).Futuristic and cyberpunk themes in popculture television shows and rhetoricallinguistic analysis of audiovisual workThe purpose of this paper was to show a number of linguistic analysis possibilities of futuristic and cyberpunk movie themes. My choice of material was untypical; Many of my chosen TV-shows were not the classical example of analyzed type of literature and its adaptations. I attempted to find and describe popculture products inspired by futuristic and cyberpunk literature, which don’t have to meet all the conditions for being defined as cyberpunk work, for example: Westworld (HBO), Doctor Who (BBC), and Mr. Robot (USA Network). My goal was to collect and discuss interesting language units and their combinations which may be used as material in rhetoric and linguistic studies. Some of the examples used were only succinctly described as an invitation to further scholarly activities: Black Mirror (Channel 4 / Netflix), Extant (CBS).
Terytorium rezu. Symbolika oraz kulturowe konteksty krajobrazu indiańskiego rezerwatu we współczesnym północnoamerykańskim kinie i komiksie
Authors: Kempna-Pieniążek Magdalena
Published: April 2021

DOI 10.24917/20837275.9.4.3Ubogie domostwa, rozsiane po pustkowiu przyczepy zamieszkane przez zdegenerowanych ludzi, pokryte kurzem drogi, po których poruszają się zdezelowane samochody – pejzaż indiańskiego rezerwatu we współczesnej kulturze audiowizualnej naznaczony jest świadectwami upadku. Równocześnie jednak przestrzeń, w której tak wyraziście manifestują się liczne problemy społeczne, na czele z alkoholizmem oraz bezrobociem, stanowi część dyskursów dotyczących marginalizacji, nietolerancji, alienacji i społecznej stygmatyzacji. Filmowy i komiksowy pejzaż „rezu” stanowi krzywe zwierciadło oficjalnej amerykańskiej kultury, symbolizowanej przez Mount Rushmore, w której cieniu kryje się rezerwat plemienia Lakota w Pine Ridge. Analizując wybrane przykłady filmowe oraz komiksowe, autorka ukazuje różne aspekty symboliki i kulturowych kontekstów „rezu”. Z jednej strony – w filmach takich jak Skins Chrisa Eyre’a lub Za głosem serca Michaela Apteda oraz w komiksowej serii Skalp Jasona Aarona i R.M. Guéry – mamy do czynienia z wizją rezerwatu stanowiącego krajobraz nieomalże apokaliptyczny, utożsamiający ciemną stronę Ameryki; z drugiej – w realizacjach pokroju Sygnałów dymnych Eyre’a czy Piętna przodków Michaela Linna – rezerwat jawi się jako przestrzeń mityczna, obszar kontaktu ze wcześniejszymi pokoleniami.Rez territory. Symbols and cultural contexts of Indian reservation landscape in contemporary Northern American cinema and comic booksPoor houses, trailers scattered in wilderness, inhabited by degenerated people, dusty roads full of old cars – the landscape of Indian reservation in contemporary audiovisual culture is marked with symptoms of degradation. In the same time, places where social problems – especially alcoholism and unemployment – have been so vividly manifested, become a part of various discourses of marginalization, intolerance, alienation and social stigmatization. “Rez’s” landscape in film and comic books becomes a dark mirror for the official American culture symbolized by Mount Rushmore, in whose shadow lies the Lakota Pine Ridge reservation. In her analysis of selected films and comic books, theauthor shows different aspects of rez’s symbols and cultural contexts. In such films as Chris Eyre’s Skins or Michael Apted’s Thunderheart and Jason Aaron and R.M. Guéra’s comic book series Scalped, Indian reservation is shown almost as an apocalyptic territory and – in the same time – as a dark side of America. On the other hand, in Eyre’s Smoke Signals or Michael Linn’s Imprint, rez is a mythic place of cross-generation encounters.
Mobilne pejzaże. Miasto w ruchu czy ruch w mieście?
Authors: Michałowska Marianna
Published: April 2021

DOI 10.24917/20837275.9.4.6W artykule analizowane są sposoby reprezentacji miejskiego krajobrazu w fotografii. Stawiam tezę, że chociaż przestrzeń zasadniczo jest nieruchoma, to można mówić o postrzeżeniu jej jako ruchomej w czasie oraz środkami fotografii można podzielić się z innymi doświadczeniem mobilności. Tekst składa się z pięciu części: z wprowadzenia, w którym analizuję znaczenia terminu „mobilny pejzaż”, oraz z czterech interpretacji, zainspirowanych fotografiami reprezentatywnymi dla przemian zachodzących w obszarze fotograficznego medium. Są to kolejno: widoki miast Charlesa Marville’a i Karola Beyera, fotomontaże Edwarda Steichena i Harry’ego Callahana, fotografie mobilne (portal Grupamobilni.pl), oraz projekt oparty na aplikacji mobilnych (Amsterdam REALTIME). Proponowane tu refleksje nie dostarczą wyczerpującej wiedzy o mobilnym pejzażu miasta, lecz, mam nadzieję, mogą stać się początkiem takiej analizy.Mobile landscapes. City in motion or motion in a city?An article is an analysis of modes of representation of urban landscape in photography. I state that though a city space formally is still we perceive it as movable in time. We can also share the mobile experience with others. The article is parted into five sections: the introduction reflects briefly on the meaning of the term „mobile landscape” and four short interpretations inspired by four photographs, representative for shifts in history of photography are presented in subsequent parts. These are: city views by Charles Marville and by Polish photographer Karol Beyer, photomontages by Edward Steichen and by Harry Callahan, mobile photography by Polish group „mobilni” and finally – a project based on mobile app (Amsterdam REALTIME). Brief reflection proposed in the article is not a comprehensive survey on mobile landscape, but rather – can suggest a direction of such study.
Mind and Heart As Partners
Authors: Levine Daniel
Published: April 2021

A common cultural belief in technologically advanced societies is that emotion and reason are opposites, with reason superior to emotion. This belief is not supported by recent results in neuroscience and experimental psychology which show instead that emotion and cognition are strongly interconnected and depend on each other). Moreover, the belief is also harmful to society because it contributes indirectly to racism, sexism, homophobia, and the appeal of demagogues. Scientific understanding can help to heal the cultural split between emotion and reason in the service of building a partnership society.
An examination of the characteristics of mothers neglecting their children
Authors: Karadağ Ferda , Özdemir Dilşad Foto , Evinç Gülin , Var Esra Çalık , Özbesler Cengiz
Published: April 2021

Background. This study is aimed to recognize families who have neglected their children in the early period, to raise awareness among experts especially pediatricians-working in this field about the reasons contributing to the neglect.
Methods. For this purpose, data were collected by quantitative and qualitative methods. The mothers of 32 neglected children and 30 children who were not neglected were included in to the study. Sociodemographic Information Form, Neglect Assessment Tool, Close Relationships Inventory, Perceived Social Support Scale, Marital Adjustment Scale, Childhood Trauma Survey Scale, Semi Structured Interview Form, SCID I and SCID II were used as data collection tools. T-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis, Pearson Correlation test were used for quantitative analysis and descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of qualitative data.
Results. In the quantitative findings obtained; mothers of neglected children and control group mothers differed in terms of their age, income perceptions, multidimensional perceived social support, marital adjustment, physical and emotional abuse subscales on the scale of childhood abuse, adult attachment patterns, however; it was found that there was no difference in terms of mental illness and personality disorder, and scores on sexual abuse subscale of child abuse. Qualitative results demonstrated that most of the mothers did not consider themselves adequate for parenting, were not satisfied with their parenting role, had insufficient emotional investment in their children and could not balance their roles.
Conclusions. It was concluded that the mothers of neglected children had problems in the areas of social support, marital adjustment, adult attachment patterns and they were also exposed to physical and emotional abuse during their own childhood and these problems negatively affected the quality of their childcare. For this reason, it is important to provide support to neglectful families and family interventions should be established.
Demographic, ocular and associated neurological findings in corpus callosum malformations
Authors: Kızıltunç Pınar Bingöl , Şahlı Esra , İdil Aysun , Atilla Huban
Published: April 2021

Background. The corpus callosum is a primary commissural part of the brain which connects the two hemispheres. Processing sensory, motor, visuo-motor and cognitive functions are related to a healthy connection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ocular, neurologic and other systemic findings of corpus callosum malformations and to focus on the association between the ocular and neurological findings and the type of callosal malformation according to cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods. A retrospective chart review of 57 patients with corpus callosum malformation was performed. Demographic features, neurologic, ocular and other systemic findings were noted. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of corpus callosum malformation on MRI (total agenesis, partial agenesis and hypoplasia) and also evaluated as a part of a genetic disorder/syndrome or not. The differences between demographic features, ocular and neurological findings between these 3 groups and also between syndromic and non-syndromic groups were evaluated statistically.
Results. Only 35.1% of patients had fixation and following pattern of visual acuity. Anterior segment pathologies were observed in 6.9% of patients. However, 57.9% of patients had posterior segment malformations. Only 19.3% of patients had a normal ocular alignment. There was no statistically significant difference of demographic features, ocular and neurologic findings between the 3 groups or between the syndromic/non-syndromic groups.
Conclusions. Ocular findings can be reliable depending on the severity of the corpus callosum malformations. However, delay in fixation reflex development or loss of fixation should remind us of central nervous system pathologies especially corpus callosum malformations.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemberian Pakan Ikan Secara Otomatis Berdasarkan Perilaku Ikan Menggunakan Kamera Berbasis Mini PC
Authors: Adik Yuni Marliza , Aisuwarya Ratna
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted because fish feeders are often forgotten by fish owners, so the researchers created an automatic fish feeding system using the Raspberry Pi, Camera Module-v2, Accelerometer Sensor, and Servo Motor. The way this tool works is the reading of water ripples carried out by the accelerometer sensor which later can get a trigger value to turn on the camera module-v2 and take pictures of the fish, the resulting image will be processed to identify the fish's mouth and calculate the number of fish mouths that appear to the surface. When the system can detect the number of fish mouths, the fish is hungry and the servo motor will open the food valve to release the fish food, but when the number of fish mouths is 0 or not detected, the servo motor will not open.
Sistem Otomatisasi Plant Factory dengan Tiga Jenis Tanaman Sayuran Berbeda Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Android
Authors: Ramli Hafizh Ramli , Arief Lathifah
Published: April 2021

Plant Factory is a technology concept that facilitates the formation of an environment that is suitable and good for plant growth, easy to control, does not require a large area of land, and is applied indoors so that it is not affected by outdoor weather conditions. Therefore created a system that automatically controls and monitors environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light. This system uses Arduino mega 2560 as a microcontroller, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensors to assess room temperature and humidity, RTC as an indicator of plant irradiation time, a micro SD module as data storage for sensors and actuators, and a Bluetooth module as a medium for data transmission. This actuator consists of a fan to control temperature, a humidifier to control humidity and an LED as a substitute for lighting plants. There are three plants as samples for testing the Plant Factory system, namely spinach, lettuce and mustard greens with each Plant Factory system for these plants. All temperature, humidity and actuator conditions can be monitored via the Android application. The plant factory automation system with three types of vegetable plants based on microcontroller and android is successfully running according to its function.