bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of density on intraguild predation of aquatic Hemiptera (Heteroptera): implications in biological control of mosquito
Authors: Brahma S. , Aditya G. , Sharma D. , Saha N. , Kundu M. , Saha G. K.
Published: April 2014

The water bugs Diplonychus rusticus (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) and Anisops bouvieri (Kirkaldy) (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) co-occur in wetlands sharing mosquito larvae as prey. As a consequence, an asymmetrical intraguild predation (IGP) involving D. rusticus as IG predator and A. bouvieri as IG prey can be possible, the outcome of which may vary with the relative density of interacting species. Based on this proposition density dependent effects on the IG prey and shared prey mortality were assessed in the laboratory using varying numbers of IG predator and shared prey (IV instar Culex quinquefasciatus larva). In contrast to single predator system, mosquito larvae were proportionately less vulnerable to predation in IGP, at low density of shared prey. An increase in density of mosquito decreased the mortality of IG prey (A. bouvieri), but the mean mortality of the IG prey increased with the density of IG predator, in IGP system. Increase in density of mosquito and D. rusticus enhanced risk to predation of mosquito while reducing the mortality of A. bouvieri. Interaction between D. rusticus and A. bouvieri as a part of IGP system provides a possible reason of coexistence of mosquito immature along with predators in wetlands. Biological regulation of mosquitoes may be affected, if appropriate predator numbers are not available in the habitats.
Effects of antioxidants on the microleakage of composite resin restorations after external tooth bleaching
Authors: Han Yanyan , Mo Sisu , Jiang Long , Zhu Yaqin
Published: April 2014

Objective: To compare the effects of three antioxidants (sodium ascorbate, sodium ascorbate combined with a surfactant, and catalase) on the microleakage of composite resin restorations after external tooth bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. Materials and Methods: Buccal cavities were prepared on the surface of 60 intact premolars, which were randomly divided into six groups. All cavities were filled with composite resin. In group 1, teeth were not bleached; in group 2, cavities were filled immediately after bleaching; in group 3, cavities were delay-filled for 3 weeks; in group 4, cavities were treated with sodium ascorbate after bleaching and then filled; in group 5, cavities were treated with sodium ascorbate combined with surfactant after bleaching and then filled; and in group 6, cavities were treated with catalase after bleaching and then filled. Microleakage of the restorations was measured from sections using a stereomicroscope. Results: Group 1 displayed the least amount of microleakage, while group 2 showed the greatest amount of microleakage (P < 0.05). Groups 3 and 4 were similar to group 2 (P > 0.05). However, groups 5 and 6 showed a significantly lower amount of microleakage compared to group 2 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Microleakage increased significantly after external bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide, and decreased when the bleached teeth were treated with sodium ascorbate combined with Tween® 80, or with catalase. Catalase was more effective in decreasing microleakage, while delayed filling or treatment with sodium ascorbate alone did not effectively decrease the microleakage.
Microhardness and color monitoring of nanofilled resin composite after bleaching and staining
Authors: de Andrade Isabel Cristina G. Bandeira , Basting Roberta Tarkany , Rodrigues José Augusto , do Amaral Flávia Lucisano Botelho , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of staining solutions on microhardness and shade changes of a nanofilled resin composite, which had been previously in contact with bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 disk-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated with a nanofilled resin (Filtek Supreme) and photocured with a Light Emission Diode (LED) unit and then allocated into three groups to be bleached with 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents or a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) product. Following bleaching, specimens within each group were subdivided into three groups to be immersed in coffee, red wine or distilled water. Microhardness and color were monitored at baseline, after bleaching and after staining. Results: Analysis of variance for split-plot design showed lower microhardness values when the composite had been in contact with HP (P < 0.0001). The specimens immersed in red wine and coffee provided lower microhardness values than those immersed in distilled water, regardless of the bleaching agent to which the composites were previously exposed. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests demonstrated that the composite was lighter after bleaching with a 35% HP agent (P < 0.0500). Conclusion: The composite was darker as a result of being immersed either in red wine or coffee, regardless of the bleaching agent.
Bacterial penetration of restored cavities using two self-etching bonding systems
Authors: Cobanoglu Nevin , Ozer Fusun , Demirci Mustafa , Erganis Osman , Imazato Satoshi
Published: April 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two bonding systems, with and without antibacterial monomers, on marginal bacterial and dye leakage. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared in extracted teeth for a bacterial leakage test, and the teeth were sterilized using a steam autoclave. Four cavities were not restored for the controls, and the other teeth were divided into two groups (n = 16 cavities each): Clearfil Protect Bond group (CPB) and Clearfil SE Bond group (CSE). After application of the bonding agent, the cavities were restored using a composite resin (Clearfil AP-X). The teeth were thermocycled, stored in a broth culture of 1.56 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/ml of Streptococcus mutans at 37°C for 10 days, and subsequently processed for bacterial staining. Sections from the demineralized teeth were evaluated under a light microscope. In the dye leakage test, the cavities were restored as described in the bacterial penetration test. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, and then divided in half and observed under a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P = 0.05). Results: The bacterial stain was detected at the cavity wall of five cavities in both bonding systems. Additionally, two cavities in the CSE group, one cavity in the CPB group, and all control cavities showed bacterial staining within the cut dentinal tubules. Dye staining at the axial cavity wall was detected in only three of the teeth for both bonding systems. Conclusion: The bonding systems used in this study provided an acceptable marginal seal to prevent bacterial and dye leakage.
The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching
Authors: Karadas Muhammet , Seven Nilgun
Published: April 2014

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of coffee, tea, cola, and red wine staining on the color of teeth after home bleaching. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 samples were obtained from 45 sound maxillary central incisors. The home bleaching procedure was performed using 10% carbamide peroxide gel applied to the sample surface for a period of 6 h each day, for 14 days. After bleaching, baseline color measurements were taken, and the samples were immersed in four staining solutions (coffee, tea, cola, and red wine) or artificial saliva (n = 9). Following 15 min and 6 h of immersion on the first day and next day, respectively, the samples were washed with distilled water for 10 s. After 15 min, 6 h, 1 week, and 1 month immersions, the color values of each sample were remeasured and the color change values (⋄E) were calculated. Color change analysis was performed using a spectrophotometer. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test (P <0.05). Results: Of all the staining solutions, the lowest ⋄E values were observed with coffee staining versus artificial saliva (control group), for all time intervals evaluated after whitening. Although no statistically differences were observed between the coffee and control group at all the time points evaluated, there were statistically significant differences between the red wine, cola, and tea solutions. Conclusion: Following tooth whitening, patients should avoid drinks that cause tooth staining, particularly red wine, tea and cola.
Antimicrobial activity of cationic peptides in endodontic procedures
Authors: Winfred Sofi Beaula , Meiyazagan Gowri , Panda Jiban J. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Deivanayagam Kandaswamy , Chauhan Virander S. , Venkatraman Ganesh
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against microbes such as Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans which are involved in endodontic infections. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion test was done to determine the activity of peptides. The morphological changes in E. faecalis and reduction in biofilm formation after treatment with peptides were observed using scanning electron microscope. The efficacy of peptides using an ex vivo dentinal model was determined by polymerase chain reaction and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Platelet aggregation was done to determine the biocompatibility of peptides. Results: Among 11 peptides, two of the amphipathic cationic peptides were found to be highly active against E. faecalis, S. aureus, C. albicans. Efficacy results using dentinal tubule model showed significant reduction in microbial load at 400 μm depth. The peptides were also biocompatible. Conclusion: These results suggest that synthetic AMPs have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents against microorganisms involved in dental infections and thus could prevent the spread and persistence of endodontic infections improving treatment outcomes and teeth preservation.
Effects of physical and morphological properties of roots on fracture resistance
Authors: Ertas Huseyin , Sagsen Burak , Arslan Hakan , Er Ozgur , Ertas Elif Tarim
Published: April 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how physical and morphological properties affect the fracture resistance of roots, and which criteria are important for root specimen standardization in fracture resistance studies. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five freshly extracted human canine teeth were selected. Crowns were sectioned from the cement–enamel junction and the root lengths were set at 16 mm. Then they were prepared up to ProTaper F3 file. Each root was numbered and data were obtained by measuring mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions, volume, weight, and density. Tests for fracture strength were performed using an Instron Testing Machine (Instron Corp. MA, USA). The force was applied axially, angled at 45 degrees with a constant speed of 1 mm/min. For each sample, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. Results were evaluated statistically using linear regression analysis. Results: Volume and weight of the roots had more effect than mesiodistal or buccolingual dimensions on root fracture resistance. Conclusions: In root fracture resistance studies, volume or weight of the roots must be standardized when distributing roots to groups.
Forced eruption and implant site development in the aesthetic zone: A case report
Authors: Keceli Huseyin Gencay , Guncu Mustafa Baris , Atalay Zeynep , Evginer Mustafa Serdar
Published: April 2014

A multidisciplinary approach to develop the future implant site in the aesthetic zone was illustrated. A patient with perio-endo combined lesion at her upper central incisors was treated. Before extraction, forced eruption was performed and 12 months later, satisfactory amount of bone apposition was detected. At 2 weeks after atraumatic extraction, implants were placed and loaded with implant-supported restorations following osseous healing. Variables related to crown dimensions, periodontal/peri-implanter soft-tissue health and patient's aesthetic satisfaction were recorded at baseline, before extraction and after prosthetic treatment. At 12-month control, crown dimensions in the implant site were identical to the baseline and in addition to the healthy peri-implant tissues, successful aesthetics were obtained. Forced eruption is a successful non-invasive method to develop the aesthetics of the peri-implant tissues and implant-supported restorations.
Treatment of a skeletal Class II malocclusion using fixed functional appliance with miniplate anchorage
Authors: Celikoglu Mevlut , Unal Tuba , Bayram Mehmet , Candirli Celal
Published: April 2014

Based on our literature search, we found that the use of miniplate anchorage with Forsus fatigue-resistance device (FRD) has not yet been reported. Therefore, the aim of the present case report was to present the treatment of a patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion using Forsus FRD with miniplate anchorage. Fixed appliances with 0.022-inch slots were attached to the maxillary teeth and after 8 months of the leveling and alignment of the upper arch, 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire was inserted and cinched back. Two weeks after the placement of the miniplates bilaterally at the symphysis of the mandible, Forsus FRD was adjusted to the miniplates with a 35-mm length of rod chosen. Nine months after the skeletal anchored Forsus worn, Class I canine and molar relations were achieved and overjet was eliminated.
Soluble salts, copper, zinc, and solids constituents in surface runoff from cattle manure compost windrows
Authors: Larney Francis J. , Olson Andrew F. , Miller Jim J. , Tovell Bonnie C.
Published: April 2014

Larney, F. J., Olson, A. F., Miller, J. J. and Tovell, B. C. 2014. Soluble salts, copper, zinc, and solids constituents in surface runoff from cattle manure compost windrows. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 515–527. Composting has become widely adopted by the beef cattle feedlot industry in southern Alberta. Compost windrows subjected to heavy rainfall can lead to runoff whose properties may vary with compost maturity. A rainfall simulator generated runoff on days 18, 26, 40, 54, 81, 109 and 224 of manure composting. Runoff was collected in timed 5-L increments to 30 L, creating the variable “time during runoff event” (TDRE). Calcium, K and S showed significant maturity×TDRE interactions, especially earlier in the composting process, e.g., on day 18, Ca values increased from 34 mg L−1 for the initial 0- to 5-L runoff increment to 43 mg L−1 for the final 25- to 30-L increment. Most significant changes in runoff concentrations occurred between days 26 and 40, e.g., Cu levels fell by 67% and Zn levels by 78%. Even though compost Cu and Zn concentrations were higher during the latter stages of composting, their transport potential in runoff was curtailed due to binding with stable organic matter (OM). The C:N ratio of runoff solids decreased from 10.5 on day 18 to only 4.9 on day 224, suggesting the transport of very stable OM after compost curing. The study showed that runoff quality was influenced by compost maturity, which has implications for the timing of rainfall events relative to the maturity spectrum and the potential risk to surface water quality if runoff is not contained.
Characters on C(X)
Authors: Boulabiar Karim
Published: April 2014

The precise condition on a completely regular space X for every character on C(X) to be an evaluation at some point in X is that X be realcompact. Usually, this classical result is obtained by relying heavily on involved (and even nonconstructive) extension arguments. This note provides a direct proof that is accessible to a large audience.
Clinic Design, Key Practice Metrics, and Resident Satisfaction in Internal Medicine Continuity Clinics: Findings of the Educational Innovations Project Ambulatory Collaborative
Authors: Francis Maureen D. , Thomas Kris , Langan Michael , Smith Amy , Drake Sean , Gwisdalla Keri Lyn , Jones Ronald R. , Julian Katherine A. , Nabors Christopher , Pereira Anne , Rosenblum Michael , Varney Andrew , Warm Eric , Ortiz Melchor
Published: April 2014

Background

Internal medicine programs are redesigning ambulatory training to improve the resident experience and answer the challenges of conflicting clinical responsibilities. However, little is known about the effect of clinic redesign on residents' satisfaction.

Objective

We assessed residents' satisfaction with different resident continuity clinic models in programs participating in the Educational Innovations Project Ambulatory Collaborative (EPAC).

Methods

A total of 713 internal medicine residents from 12 institutions in the EPAC participated in this cross-sectional study. Each program completed a detailed curriculum questionnaire and tracked practice metrics for participating residents. Residents completed a 3-part satisfaction survey based on the Veterans Affairs Learners' Perception Survey, with additional questions addressing residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship and conflicting duties across care settings.

Results

Three clinic models were identified: traditional weekly experience, combination model with weekly experience plus concentrated ambulatory rotations, and a block model with distinct inpatient and ambulatory blocks. The satisfaction survey showed block models had less conflict between inpatient and outpatient duties than traditional and combination models. Residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship was higher in combination models. In secondary analyses, the continuity for physician measure was correlated with residents' perceptions of the continuous healing relationship. Panel size and workload did not have an effect on residents' overall personal experience.

Conclusions

Block models successfully minimize conflict across care settings without sacrificing overall resident satisfaction or resident perception of the continuous healing relationship. However, resident perception of the continuous healing relationship was higher in combination models.
A Multicenter Study of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act and the Standardized Letter of Recommendation: Impact on Emergency Medicine Residency Applicant and Faculty Behaviors
Authors: Diab Jessica , Riley Stephanie , Downes Andrew , Gaeta Theodore , Hern H. Gene , Hwang Eric , Kass Lawrence , Kelly Michael , Luber Samuel D. , Martel Marc , Minns Alicia , Patterson Leigh , Pazderka Philip , Sayan Osman , Thurman Jason , Vallee Phyllis , Overton David
Published: April 2014

Background

Residency applicants have the right to see letters of recommendation written on their behalf. It is not known whether applicants are affected by waiving this right.

Objectives

Our multicenter study assessed how frequently residency applicants waived their FERPA rights to view their letters of recommendation, and whether this affected the ratings they were given by faculty.

Methods

We reviewed all ERAS-submitted letters of recommendation to 14 ACGME-accredited programs in 2006–2007. We collected ERAS ID, program name, FERPA declaration, standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) use, and SLOR Global Assessment ranking. The percentage of applicants who waived their FERPA rights was determined. Chi-square tests of independence assessed whether applicants' decision to waive their FERPA rights was associated with their SLOR Global Assessment.

Results

We examined 1776 applications containing 6424 letters of recommendations. Of 2736 letters that specified a Global Assessment, 2550 (93%) applicants waived their FERPA rights, while 186 did not. Of the applicants who chose not to waive their rights, 45.6% received a ranking of Outstanding, 35.5% Excellent, 18.3% Very Good, and 1.6% Good. Of applicants who waived their FERPA rights, 35.1% received a ranking of Outstanding, 49.6% Excellent, 13.7% Very Good, and 1.6% Good. Applicants who did not waive their FERPA rights were more likely to receive an Outstanding Assessment (P  =  .003).

Conclusions

The majority (93%) of residency applicants waived their FERPA rights. Those who did not waive their rights had a statistically higher chance of receiving an Outstanding Assessment than those who did.
Ambulatory Training for Primary Care General Internists: Innovation With the Affordable Care Act in Mind
Authors: Rieselbach Richard E. , Feldstein David A. , Lee Patrick T. , Nasca Thomas J. , Rockey Paul H. , Steinmann Alwin F. , Stone Valerie E.
Published: April 2014

Background

Although primary care general internists (PCGIs) are essential to the physician workforce and the success of the Affordable Care Act, they are becoming an endangered species.

Objective

We describe an expanded program to educate PCGIs to meet the needs of a reformed health care system and detail the competencies PCGIs will need for their roles in team-based care.

Intervention

We recommended 5 initiatives to stabilize and expand the PCGI workforce: (1) caring for a defined patient population, (2) leading and serving as members of multidisciplinary health care teams, (3) participating in a medical neighborhood, (4) improving capacity for serving complex patients in group practices and accountable care organizations, and (5) finding an academic role for PCGIs, including clinical, population health, and health services research. A revamped approach to PCGI education based in teaching health centers formed by community health center and academic medical center partnerships would facilitate these curricular innovations.

Anticipated Outcomes

New approaches to primary care education would include multispecialty group practices facilitated by electronic consultation and clinical decision-support systems provided by the academic medical center partner. Multiprofessional and multidisciplinary education would prepare PCGI trainees with relevant skills for 21st century practice. The centers would also serve as sites for state and federal Medicaid graduate medical education (GME) expansion funding, making this funding more accountable to national health workforce priorities.

Conclusions

The proposed innovative approach to PCGI training would provide an innovative educational environment, enhance general internist recruitment, provide team-based care for underserved patients, and ensure accountability of GME funds.
Patterns of Change in ACGME-Accredited Residency Programs and Positions: Implication for the Adequacy of GME Positions and Supply of Physicians in the United States
Authors: Holt Kathleen D. , Miller Rebecca S. , Philibert Ingrid , Nasca Thomas J.
Published: April 2014

Background

Recent studies suggest that the supply of primary care physicians and generalist physicians in other specialties may be inadequate to meet the needs of the US population. Data on the numbers and types of physicians-in-training, such as those collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), can be used to help understand variables affecting this supply.

Objective

We assessed trends in the number and type of medical school graduates entering accredited residencies, and the impact those trends could have on the future physician workforce.

Methods

Since 2004, the ACGME has published annually its data on accredited institutions, programs, and residents to help the graduate medical education community understand major trends in residency education, and to help guide graduate medical education policy. We present key results and trends for the period between academic years 2003–2004 and 2012–2013.

Results

The data show that increases in trainees in accredited programs are not uniform across specialties, or the types of medical school from which trainees graduated. In the past 10 years, the growth in residents entering training that culminates in initial board certification (“pipeline” specialties) was 13.0%, the number of trainees entering subspecialty education increased 39.9%. In the past 5 years, there has been a 25.8% increase in the number of osteopathic physicians entering allopathic programs.

Conclusions

These trends portend challenges in absorbing the increasing numbers of allopathic and osteopathic graduates, and US international graduates in accredited programs. The increasing trend in subspecialization appears at odds with the current understanding of the need for generalist physicians.
Analysis of Diagnostic Value of Cytological Smear Method Versus Cell Blocks Method in Body Fluid Cytology: Study of 150 Cases
Authors: Bhanvadia Viral M , Santwani PM , Vachhani JH
Published: April 2014

Background: Aspiration of serous cavities is a simple and relatively non-invasive technique to achieve diagnosis. Cytologic evaluation of body cavity fluid is diagnostically challenging.Methods: A total of 150 fluid specimens were examined for conventional cytological smear (CS) and cell block method (CB). Out of 150 fluids, 79 were pleural fluid, 69 were ascitic fluid and 2 pericardial fluid. Each fluid specimen was divided in two equal parts: one part was subjected to conventional smear technique, while the other part was subjected to 10% alcohol-acetic acid-formalin cell block technique. Overall morphological details, cellularity, architecture, nuclear and cytoplasmic details were studied in both CS and CB techniques.Results: In this study, the utility of the CB method in the cytodiagnosis of malignant effusions was found to be highly significant as compared to the CS method. The additional yield of malignancy was 10% more as was obtained by the CB method.Conclusion: For the final cytodiagnosis of body fluid, there is statistically significant difference between the two techniques. In other words, CB is superior to CS method.Keywords: Cell block, Cytodiagnosis, Effusion
How sensitive is the recovery of stratospheric ozone to changes in concentrations of very short lived bromocarbons?
Authors: Yang X. , Abraham N. L. , Archibald A. T. , Braesicke P. , Keeble J. , Telford P. , Warwick N. J. , Pyle J. A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Naturally produced very short-lived substances (VSLS), like bromocarbons, account for almost a quarter of the current stratospheric inorganic bromine, Bry. Following VSLS oxidation, bromine radicals (Br and BrO) can catalytically destroy ozone. The extent to which possible increases in surface emissions or transport of these VSLS bromocarbons to the stratosphere could counteract the effect of halogen reductions under the Montreal Protocol is an important policy question. Here by using a chemistry–climate model, UM-UKCA, we investigate the impact of a hypothetical increase in VSLS on ozone and how that impact depends on the background concentrations of chlorine and bromine. Our model experiments indicate that for a ~5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the local ozone loss in the lowermost stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) may reach up to 10% in the annual mean; the ozone loss in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is smaller (4–6%). There is more ozone loss following an increase in VSLS burden under a high stratospheric chlorine background than under a low chlorine background indicating the importance of the inter-halogen reactions. For example, the rate of decline of the stratospheric ozone concentration as a function of Bry is higher by about 30–40% when stratospheric Cly is ~3 ppb (present day) compared with Cly of ~0.8 ppb (apre-industrial or projected future situation). Although bromine plays an important role in destroying ozone, inorganic chlorine is the dominant halogen compound. Even if bromine levels from natural VSLS were to increase significantly later this century, changes in the concentration of ozone will be dominated by the recovery of anthropogenic chlorine. Our calculation suggests that for a 5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the Antarctic ozone hole recover date could be delayed by approximately 7 years.
Implication of methodological uncertainties for Mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions
Authors: Hessler I. , Harrison S. P. , Kucera M. , Waelbroeck C. , Chen M.-T. , Andersson C. , de Vernal A. , Fréchette B. , Cloke-Hayes A. , Leduc G. , Londeix L.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. We present and examine a~multi-sensor global compilation of Mid-Holocene (MH) sea surface temperatures (SSTs), based on Mg/Ca and alkenone palaeothermometry and reconstructions obtained using planktonic foraminifera and organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst census counts. We assess the uncertainties originating from using different methodologies and evaluate the potential of MH SST reconstructions as a benchmark for climate-model simulations. The comparison between different analytical approaches (time frame, baseline climate) shows the choice of time window for the MH has a negligible effect on the reconstructed SST pattern, but the choice of baseline climate affects both the magnitude and spatial pattern of the reconstructed SSTs. Comparison of the SST reconstructions made using different sensors shows significant discrepancies at a regional scale, with uncertainties often exceeding the reconstructed SST anomaly. Apparent patterns in SST may largely be a reflection of the use of different sensors in different regions. Overall, the uncertainties associated with the SST reconstructions are generally larger than the MH anomalies. Thus, the SST data currently available cannot serve as a target for benchmarking model simulations.
Burial-nutrient feedbacks amplify the sensitivity of carbon dioxide to changes in organic matter remineralisation
Authors: Roth R. , Ritz S. P. , Joos F.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Changes in the marine remineralization of particulate organic carbon (POC) and calcium carbonate potentially provide a positive feedback under climate change. The responses to changes in remineralization length scales are systematically mapped with the Bern3D ocean–sediment model for CO2 and tracer fields for which observations and palaeoproxies exist. Spatio-temporal evolutions are captured by empirical orthogonal functions. Results show that the "sediment burial-nutrient feedback" amplifies the initial response in atmospheric CO2 by a factor of four to seven. A temporary imbalance between the weathering flux and the burial of organic matter and calcium carbonate lead to sustained changes the ocean's phosphate and alkalinity inventory and in turn in surface nutrient availability, marine productivity, and atmospheric CO2. It takes decades to centuries to reorganize tracers and fluxes within the ocean, many millennia to approach equilibrium for burial fluxes, while δ13C signatures are still changing 200 000 years after the perturbation. CO2 sensitivity is with 1.7 ppm m−1 about fifty times larger for a unit change in the remineralisation depth of POC than of calcium carbonate. The results highlight the role of organic matter burial for atmospheric CO2 and the substantial impacts of seemingly small changes in POC remineralisation.
Spatially explicit estimates of stock size, structure and biomass of North Atlantic albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga)
Authors: Lehodey P. , Senina I. , Dragon A.-C. , Arrizabalaga H.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. The development of the ecosystem approach and models for the management of ocean marine resources requires easy access to standard validated datasets of historical catch data for the main exploited species. They are used to measure the impact of biomass removal by fisheries and to evaluate the models skills, while the use of standard dataset facilitates models inter-comparison. Unlike standard stock assessment models, new state-of-the-art ecosystem models require geo-referenced fishing data with highest possible spatial resolution. This study presents an application to the north Atlantic albacore tuna stock with a careful definition and validation of a spatially explicit fishing dataset prepared from publically available sources (ICCAT) for its use in a spatial ecosystem and population dynamics model (SEAPODYM) to provide the first spatially explicit estimate of albacore density in the North Atlantic by life stage. Density distributions are provided (http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.831499) together with the fishing data used for these estimates http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.830797, http://doi.pangaea.de/10.15 1594/PANGAEA.828168, http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.828170, and http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.828171 (see section Source Data References).
Chain of refined perception in self-optimizing assembly of micro-optical systems
Authors: Haag S. , Zontar D. , Schleupen J. , Müller T. , Brecher C.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Today, the assembly of laser systems requires a large share of manual operations due to its complexity regarding the optimal alignment of optics. Although the feasibility of automated alignment of laser optics has been shown in research labs, the development effort for the automation of assembly does not meet economic requirements – especially for low-volume laser production. This paper presents a model-based and sensor-integrated assembly execution approach for flexible assembly cells consisting of a macro-positioner covering a large workspace and a compact micromanipulator with camera attached to the positioner. In order to make full use of available models from computer-aided design (CAD) and optical simulation, sensor systems at different levels of accuracy are used for matching perceived information with model data. This approach is named "chain of refined perception", and it allows for automated planning of complex assembly tasks along all major phases of assembly such as collision-free path planning, part feeding, and active and passive alignment. The focus of the paper is put on the in-process image-based metrology and information extraction used for identifying and calibrating local coordinate systems as well as the exploitation of that information for a part feeding process for micro-optics. Results will be presented regarding the processes of automated calibration of the robot camera as well as the local coordinate systems of part feeding area and robot base.
A statistical feature of anomalous seismic activity prior to large shallow earthquakes in Japan revealed by the pattern informatics method
Authors: Kawamura M. , Wu Y.-H. , Kudo T. , Chen C.-c.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. To reveal the preparatory processes of large inland earthquakes, we systematically applied the pattern informatics (PI) method to earthquake data of Japan. We focused on 12 large earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M = 6.4 (based on the magnitude scale of the Japan Meteorological Agency) that occurred at depths shallower than 30 km between 2000 and 2010. We examined the relationship between the spatiotemporal locations of these large shallow earthquakes and the locations of PI hotspots, which correspond to grid cells of anomalous seismic activity during a designated time span. Based on a statistical test conducted using Molchan's error diagram, we investigated whether precursory anomalous seismic activity occurred in association with these large earthquakes and, if so, studied the characteristic time spans of such activity. Our results indicate that Japanese inland earthquakes with M ≥ 6.4 are typically preceded by anomalous seismic activity in timescales of 8–10 years.
John Lydgate and the Curse of Genius
Authors: VIERECK STEPHANIE A. , KAMATH GIBBS
Published: April 2014

Few Middle English scholars are now content to view Chaucer’s dominance over his fifteenth-century successors as effected in some magical way by the sheer force of his genius. Nevertheless, we still lack the conceptual tools to produce a convincing alternative.

—Larry Scanlon

Of my prest called Genivs . . . . . . thou shalt fynde hyt thus: Th at his power is Auctorised And throgh the world eke solemnysed.

John Lydgate,

Reson and Sensuallyte (863-66)
“Withyn a temple ymad of glas”: Glazing, Glossing, and Patronage in Chaucer’sHouse of Fame
Authors: COLEY DAVID K.
Published: April 2014

And for my part, I can remembre weell, Whan I gladdest in that fresshe sesoun, Lyke brotyl glasse, not stable, nor lyk stell, Fer out of harre, wilde of condicioun, Ful geryssh, and voyde of all resoun, Lyk a phane, ay turnyng to and fro, Or like an orloge whan the peys is goo.

—John Lydgate

The Testament of Dan John Lydgate

But as I slepte, me mette I was Withyn a temple ymad of glas.

—Geoffrey Chaucer

House of Fame
Shift-to-shift handoff: A comparison between two methods of conveying essential information in a University Hospital in North-eastern Italy
Authors: Quattrin Rosanna , Calligaris Laura , Londero Carla , Zalateu Enrico , Brusaferro Silvio
Published: April 2014

Objective: The present study focuses on effective communication among nurses during a shift-to-shift handoff. Methods: The completeness of data conveyed during the shift-to-shift handoff was compared in two University Hospital Units, before and after the introduction of a pre-printed sheet summarizing the most important patients’ piece of information. The study took place in a University Hospital located in North-eastern Italy. In the first study phase 111 single patient’s handoffs were analyzed: 52 in Operative Unit 1 (OU1) and 59 in Operative Unit 1 (OU2). In the second phase of the study 39 handoffs were considered: 19 in the OU1 and 20 in the OU2. The intervention consisted of the introduction of a pre-printed semi structured sheet summarizing the patients’ information. The main outcome measures were the patients’ information written on the form and the data available for consultation by colleagues on the next work shift. Results: The four categories of items that most significantly increased after the introduction of the semi-structured form were respectively: neurological status, vital signs, pain assessment and wound care. However, none of the items that showed a reduction in citation, both for single OU and overall, were significant. Conclusions: This study shows how the introduction of a pre-printed form forces the operators to hold in consideration important critical values of a patient, thus bettering the quality and safety of the handoffs.
Bioethanol Production From Pineapple Wastes
Authors: Tropea Alessia , Wilson David , Torre Loredana G. La , Curto Rosario B. Lo , Saugman Peter , Troy-Davies Peter , Dugo Giacomo , Waldron Keith W.
Published: April 2014

There is great interest in producing bioethanol from biomass and there is much emphasis on exploiting lignocellulose sources, from crop wastes through to energy-rich crops. Some waste streams, however, contain both cellulosic and non-cellulosic sugars. These include wastes from pineapple processing.

Pineapple wastes are produced in large amounts throughout the world by canning industries. These wastes are rich in intracellular sugars and plant cell walls which are composed mainly of cellulose, pectic substances and hemicelluloses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential to transform such residues into ethanol after enzymatic saccharification of plant cell walls, and fermentation of the resulting simple sugars using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 2826 strain. Three different fermentation modes, direct fermentation, separate hydrolysis and fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the biomass were tested and compared. The results show that the main sugars obtained from pineapple waste were: glucose, uronic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The highest ethanol yield was achieved after 30 hours of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and reached up to 3.9% (v/v), corresponding to the 96% of the theoretical yield.
Globalization and Integration
Authors: Noerper Stephen
Published: April 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i7.135 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 7, 2000, Pages 9-19
The Russian Far East in a Post Cold War Environment, and New International Cooperation Plans
Authors: Sevastyanov Sergey
Published: April 2014

No abstract available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i7.141 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 7, 2000, Pages 63-72
A formação de professores na perspectiva multicultural: do reconhecimento da polissêmia à defesa da perspectiva crítica
Authors: Mariano André Luiz Sena
Published: April 2014

Este texto procura discutir, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, a inserção do multiculturalismo na pesquisa sobre formação de professores. Estabeleceu um recorte temporal entre os anos de 2000 a 2006 e elege como fonte de coleta de dados os trabalhos apresentados na ANPEd e no ENDIPE e os artigos publicados em periódicos com foco na discussão do multiculturalismo. É possível apontar que há uma polissemia entre os estudos selecionados, como, por exemplo, as perspectivas multicultural crítica, a intercultural e a pós-colonial. Constata-se que os resultados dos textos selecionados revelam um tratamento mais próximo de uma acepção conservadora. Encerra ressaltando a importância do multiculturalismo crítico, sobretudo, do conceito de identidade de fronteira, bem como o maior destaque que deve ser dado ao que se tem feito com as questões culturais na formação de professores/as, ao invés de restringir a preocupação às discussões alusivas às múltiplas acepções de multiculturalismo.
Sobre a metodologia e a prática do ensino de História nos manuais do professor dos livros didáticos e nas políticas de reorientação curricular em São Paulo
Authors: Paulilo André
Published: April 2014

Este artigo tem como finalidade apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa acerca do ensino de histria. Este estudo busca mostrar os manuais do professor e os referenciais curriculares como fontes de pesquisa em educao. Trata-se de discusso fundamentada na idia de que, no Brasil, os manuais do professor e os referenciais curriculares trazem representaes acerca do ensino. Argumenta-se que os paradigmas organizadores do discurso sobre as prticas de ensino nos manuais didticos e nas orientaes curriculares tm composto bases tericas e metodolgicas especficas. Assim, o artigo expe e analisa alguns aspectos desses tipos de impressos escolares.
Colmatando as dificuldades específicas da linguagem, num grupo de crianças do Jardim de Infância
Authors: Sanches Isabel Rodrigues , Vicente Rosa Ricardo
Published: April 2014

Este projecto de investigao-aco implicou os intervenientes educativos e os pares no desenvolvimento de uma criana, em idade pr-escolar, com atraso global do desenvolvimento e com problemas acentuados ao nvel da linguagem. Foi realizado pela educadora, para promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem, atravs de um sistema de comunicao aumentativa, Vocabulrio Makaton. Este vocabulrio foi utilizado por ns e pelas crianas do grupo em sala de aula, pela professora de educao especial, pelos tcnicos que do apoio criana e pela famlia da referida criana. Promoveu-se o dilogo, a partilha de conhecimentos e os espaos escolares entre os vrios intervenientes educativos, professores, tcnicos e famlia com o intuito de desenvolver um trabalho assente em respostas inclusivas dirigidas criana, aos seus pares e sua famlia. Da partilha de conhecimentos e opinies resultou um trabalho para o grupo e com o grupo do jardim-de-infncia, donde resultaram mais-valias para todos.
Metodologias alternativas na formação dos professores de biologia:a questão dos projetos
Authors: Guimarães Simone Sendin Moreira , Assis Favetta Leda Rodrigues
Published: April 2014

As modalidades didticas se constituem em estratgias de ensino-aprendizagem. Um tipo de modalidade didtica utilizada no ensino de cincias e biologia so os Projetos de Ensino. O trabalho apresentado se constitui em uma pesquisa-ao com objetivo de discutir a utilizao da modalidade Projetos durante as aulas de Didtica das Cincias em um curso de Cincias Biolgica. A escolha dessa modalidade foi determinada em funo dos questionamentos e inseguranas dos futuros professores - alunos da disciplina - em relao utilizao dessa modalidade em suas aulas depois de formados. A dinmica da atividade foi dividida em: a) seleo do problema; b) Elaborao do plano de trabalho; c) Execuo do plano. A experincia pedaggica foi realizada entre 2009 e 2010. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a possibilidade de trabalho com essa modalidade nas aulas de cincias e biologia, desmistificando a dicotomia possibilidade terica X possibilidade prtica presente no discurso dos alunos no incio da disciplina.
A prática educativa através dos tempos: dos antigos aos pós-modernos
Authors: Mota Fernanda Antônia Barbosa da , Cabral Carmen Lúcia De Oliveira
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho explicitar o conceito de prtica educativa de alguns autores extrados de pocas histricas distintas e apresentar uma possvel conceituao de prtica educativa a partir de Deleuze e Guattari. Os aportes tericos que fundamentaram o estudo foram: Jaeger (2001), Rousseau (2001), Dewey (1959), Vzquez (2007) Sacristn (2002), Deleuze e Guattari (1996, 2011), Deleuze, (2010) e Gallo (2008) dentre outros. Ressaltamos que Deleuze e Guattari constituem nossa principal base terica. Aps enfatizar o sentido e o significado das diferentes concepes de prtica educativa no mbito das perspectivas tericas do essencialismo, do romantismo, do pragmatismo, da pedagogia crtica e do ps-modernismo, elaboramos uma conceituao de prtica educativa baseada nas idias de Deleuze e Guattari, a partir da qual revisamos nossa prpria concepo de prtica educativa.
Juventude, revitalização cultural e a temática das gerações
Authors: Nolasco Simone Ribeiro , Sá Nicanor Palhares
Published: April 2014

Este artigo apresenta reflexes sobre as categorias juventude e gerao, estudadas no interior de uma pesquisa de doutorado, e investiga prtica cultural, de cunho poltico e da ordem do identitrio, organizada por jovens secundaristas. Trata-se da produo de jornais estudantis entre os anos de 1926 e 1937 que, na ordem da esfera pblica, intra e extra-muros ginasiais, pe em evidncia novas formas e novos espaos de aes individuais e coletivas da juventude; jovens que se fazem sujeitos e se fazem ouvidos em movimentos e aes de carter cultural que se compem de uma dimenso poltica medida que criam novas propostas, alargam interesses, sociabilizam ideias e relaes de poder. Segundo Lara (2008), trata-se de um tipo de participao social parcamente reconhecido dado seu formato localizado, fluido, descontnuo. Busca-se ainda, neste trabalho, levantar os desafios de se trabalhar com a temtica da juventude em sua conexo com a categoria de gerao e, nesta perspectiva, ampliar as possibilidades de abordagem do tema.
Adolescentes latino-americanos na escola pública paulista: um estudo de caso
Authors: Dias Elaine Teresinha Dal Mas
Published: April 2014

Observa e analisa o aproveitamento e os comportamentos de adolescentes bolivianos ou descendentes alunos de uma escola pública, procurando identificar: a interferência cultural e a continência familiar no desempenho escolar, e as tensões nas relações interpessoais. Emprega a epistemologia da complexidade que compreende o mundo como um conjunto indissociável, integrativo e não disjuntivo. Configura-se como estudo de caso em função da significação e da oportunidade de uma ação interventiva; são sujeitos seis alunas e quatro alunos entre 16 e 18 anos. Conclui que as manifestações do grupo dos bolivianos e descendentes têm ligação com patrimônio cultural, mas não se pode afirmar que influenciam o desempenho escolar; igualmente é difícil garantir que a presença familiar promove sucesso e desenvolvimento educacional, embora seja possível assegurar que o acolhimento parental fortalece conteúdos subjetivos revigorando a atuação escolar.