bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scientific Heritage of F.Ye. Vasilyuk: From Psychological Counseling to Counseling Psychology
Authors: Karyagina T.D.
Published: March 2019

The article analyses F.Ye. Vasilyuk’s contribution to the development of psychological counseling/ psychotherapy practices in Russia and to the formation of counseling psychology as a scientific discipline. Basing on his works on the ‘situational-historical analysis’ of the development of Russian psychology from the 1990s to the present, the article outlines the stages in the development of psychological research and practice and the corresponding tasks that were in the focus of F.Ye. Vasilyuk’s attention. The status of counseling/psychotherapy practice and its key characteristics in relation to fundamental and applied psy¬chology are analyzed in detail. The essential characteristic of counseling practice and psychology according to F.E. Vasilyuk is ‘keeping in mind’ the holistic image of an individual as both an epistemological and axi¬ological, ethical ideal. The psychotechnical implementation of such vision is illustrated by the example of the psychotherapeutic system of co-experiencing psychotherapy. In the final part the article discusses the formation of psychological counseling/psychotherapy as an anthropological practice and the problem of ‘general’ therapeutic knowledge.
Features of Co-experiencing in Adolescence Features of Co-experiencing in Adolescence
Authors: Sukhanova M.O. , Sheryagina E.V.
Published: March 2019

This study focuses on the features of co-experiencing in adolescence. The main objective of the study was to explore and describe the specifics of co-experiencing in adolescence in general as well as at different stages of this age. Currently co-experiencing in teenagers is underexplored both in Russia and abroad. We would like to introduce a new approach to understanding and researching co-experiencing in adolescence. The following goals were set and achieved in our study: gathering information about the concept of co-experiencing through the literature review; finding an appropriate definition of co-experiencing necessary for our study; analysing features of adolescent age described in literature; carrying out an overview of foreign research on empathy in adolescence; conducting the study on the specifics of co-experiencing at different stages of adolescence. The new data obtained in our research may be of interest to various specialists working with adolescents (counselors, therapists and others). stages of this age. Currently co-experiencing in teenagers is underexplored both in Russia and abroad. We would like to introduce a new approach to understanding and researching co-experiencing in adolescence. The following goals were set and achieved in our study: gathering information about the concept of co-experiencing through the literature review; finding an appropriate definition of co-experiencing necessary for our study; analysing features of adolescent age described in literature; carrying out an overview of foreign research on empathy in adolescence; conducting the study on the specifics of co-experiencing at different stages of adolescence. The new data obtained in our research may be of interest to various specialists working with adolescents (counselors, therapists and others).
A Modern Doctrine of Administrative Jurisdiction: An Experience of Critical Rethinking
Authors: Pankova O. V.
Published: March 2019

The article focuses on various approaches to the concept of administrative jurisdiction in modern Russian Law, analyzes the problems and contradictions in the development of the theory of administrative jurisdiction in administrative law. Methodologically, the article is based on the modern achievements of the theory of cognition. In researching the author applied theoretical, general philosophical methods (dialectics, system method, analysis, synthesis, deduction), traditional legal (formal-logical) methods. Turning to the question of the concept of administrative jurisdiction, the author touches upon the problem of its subject composition and comes to the conclusion about recognition of courts as subjects of administrative jurisdiction and the existence of administrative and judicial jurisdiction as a form of this legal phenomenon. In this regard, the author substantiates the view concerning the need to abandon “narrow-wide” understanding of administrative jurisdiction that is considered precisely as outdated stereotypes of the Soviet era.

Also, the study of subjects of administrative jurisdiction that is associated with a legal conflict is of considerable interest. In this context, the author raises the issue of the legal nature of the court’s activities with regard to application of administrative responsibility, believing that, on the one hand, it is a manifestation of activities that can be considered as an independent form of administrative jurisdiction. On the other hand, this activity amounts to justice, within the framework of which the judicial power is exercised.

Having studied administrative jurisdiction as a category that allows revealing the content and legal essence of this type of state activity, the paper defines administrative jurisdiction in the context of its connection with judicial jurisdiction and justice.
Legislative Inflation as an Actual Problem of the Legal Regulation
Authors: Sekhin I. V.
Published: March 2019

The paper substantiates the relevance of the problem of legislative inflation in Russia. The author focuses on the negative consequences of the phenomenon in question: decrease in legal certainty, increase in the number of legislative errors, growth of legal nihilism. The paper provides for the assessment of ways that can be applied to overcome legislative inflation and that can be expressed in the form of systematization of legislation, and the establishment of artificial restrictions imposed on the law-making process. The author concludes that it is necessary to develop legal diagnostics instruments for the effective control of inflationary processes in the Russian legislation. An example of such instruments includes regulatory impact assessment and legal monitoring.
The President of the Russian Federation and the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation in the system of Public Authorities
Authors: Budaev A. M.
Published: March 2019

In the current system of public administration in Russia, the most important decisions are taken at the highest state level. A key role in making such decisions belongs to the Head of State — the President of the Russian Federation who, in accordance with the Constitution, determines the main directions regarding development of domestic and foreign policy of Russia. The President holds a special place in the system of public authorities, and he is not directly involved in any of three branches of power. However, he ensures their coordinated functioning and interaction.

Direct implementation of decisions in the field of socio-economic development is exercised by the Government of the Russian Federation — the supreme executive body headed by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The choice and appointment of the head of this body of state power is the exclusive prerogative of the Head of State established under the Constitution of the country. In turn, the daily work of the Government is the direct responsibility of the Prime Minister.

A balanced and well-grounded activity of the President with regard to selecting a candidate to take the office of the Prime Minister, who must have a significant degree of confidence of the Head of State, have a successful professional experience, be ready to take such a responsible position, is essential for the successful solution of key objectives in the field of state construction.

The study proposes the author’s periodization of the development of the Russian model of interaction between the President and the Prime Minister of the country, the main recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency in this field of state construction.
Europeanization of Turkey and the Long Way to EU Membership
Authors: Gavrilov Doina
Published: March 2019

For a few decades, Europe watches Turkey evolution in a matter of politics, policy, policies, human rights and so on. Everything begins in 1959 when Turkey applies to associate membership to the European Economic Community. But unfortunately for Turkey, the accession to the Community was not to accomplish. In time, the European Economic Community became the European Union. The organization pass through the enlargement process multiple times that today it is the Union of the 28 countries, but still without Turkey as a member. After all this time, a question is raised: what drags Turkey from achieving the membership status in all this time? In this paper, we try to answer the above question through the Europeanization spectrum.
Pentecostalismo no Brasil numa Perspectiva Historiográfica: aportes teóricos e metodológicos
Authors: Da Silva Elizete
Published: March 2019

Este artigo aborda aspectos metodológicos sobre o Pentecostalismo. Analisa

as obras de Émile Leonard e de Emilio Conde. Trabalha com a documentação produzida pelas comunidades religiosas: Jornal Mensageiro da Paz, revistas, livros devocionais e memórias. A História Oral oferece experiências dos fiéis. Fontes externas fornecem dados sobre as relações com a sociedade. A História da Religião e a História Cultural propiciam significativos aportes teóricos.
Detection of ERG11 point mutations in Iranian fluconazoleresistant Candida albicans isolates
Authors: Sardari Ali , Zarrinfar Hossein , Mohammadi Rasoul
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose: Candidiasis is referred to a group of superficial anddeep-tissue fungal infections often caused by Candida albicans. The superficialinfections affect the oral, oropharynx, esophagus, and vaginal mucosa. The treatmentof choice for these infections is the use of azoles, such as fluconazole. However, theincreased use of these antifungal agents has led to the emergence of azole-resistantisolates of C. albicans. Different mechanisms have been suggested for thedevelopment of drug resistance, such as mutations in the encoding gene ERG11.Mutations in ERG11 result in changes in the ERG11p spatial construction and reducethe affinity between the protein and azole. This study aimed to determine thesusceptibility profile of C. albicans clinical isolates to fluconazole usingmicrodilution method. The present research was also targeted toward the detection ofmutations that might be related to fluconazole resistance by the amplification andsequencing of ERG11 gene.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a total of 216 clinical isolatesobtained from Mashhad, Isfahan, and Tehran cities in Iran, during 2016-2018. Theclinical isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Furthermore, minimuminhibitory concentration (MICs) was determined according to the clinical and laboratorystandards institute M27-A3 and M27-S4 documents. The concentration range forfluconazole was obtained as 0.063-64 μg/ml. In the resistant strains, ERG11 genes wereamplified by specific primers. Subsequently, cycle sequencing reactions were performedon purified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in forward and reverse directions.Finally, the results were analyzed by MEGA (version 7) and Gene Runner software(version 6.5.30).Results: Out of 216 strains, 100 (46.3%) species were identified as C. albicans. TheMIC values for fluconazole had a range of 0.125-16 μg/ml with the MIC50 and MIC90values of 0.5 and 1 μg/ml, respectively. Totally, 41 nucleotide changes were detectedamong 4 resistant isolates. In this regard, 4 out of 41 mutations in codons caused changesin ERG11p; however, these mutations did not lead to fluconazole resistance.Conclusion: Fluconazole resistance among clinical isolates is not merely due to thechanges in ERG11p. This resistance may be also related to some other mechanisms, suchas the prevention of the intracellular accumulation of the antifungal agent and alterationof the target enzyme to diminish drug binding.
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from HIV infected Patients with candisiasis
Authors: Paul Sony , Kannan Iyanar
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose: Opportunistic fungal infections have been on a growingtrend since the last two decades. Among the opportunistic fungal agents, Candidaspecies, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus account for most of thelife-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Regarding this, thepresent study aimed to investigate the molecular identification and antifungalsusceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from HIV-infected patients.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 80 clinical samples collectedfrom HIV-infected patients with suspected candidiasis referring to Tagore MedicalCollege and Hospital, Rathinamangalam and Government Hospital of ThoracicMedicine, in Chennai, India, for 18 months (i.e., May 2016-December 2017). Phenotypicand molecular identification was accomplished using internal transcribed spacer region 1(ITS1) and ITS4 primers. The antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates against fourantifungal agents was also determined by both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods.Results: In the present study, the prevalence of candidiasis was obtained as 75% (n=60).Candida tropicalis was the predominant identified species. All the emerging species(i.e., Kodamaea ohmeri, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, and C. orthopsilosis) were identifiedthrough molecular identification since the phenotypic identification was inconclusive. Interms of the susceptibility pattern, 63.3% and 18.3% of the isolates were resistant tofluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Candida albicans was also found to beresistant to amphotericin B.Conclusion: Molecular assay led to the identification of K. ohmeri, H. opuntiae, and C.orthopsilosis, which were multidrug-resistant. This study highlighted the need for theprompt and timely identification of clinical yeast isolates given the emergence of manyrare species and their capability of causing life-threatening infections and outbreaks. Inthe laboratories where molecular diagnostic methods are not available, alternativeservices of reference laboratories can be utilized as cost-effective measures. With regardto the growing prevalence of antifungal drug resistance, antifungal susceptibility testingshould be made mandatory for effective patient management.
Candidemia due to Candida guilliermondii in an immuno-compromised infant: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ahangarkani Fatemeh , Badali Hamid , Sadegh Rezai Mohammad , Shokohi Tahereh , Abtahian Zahra , Nesheli Hassan Mahmoodi , Karami Hossein , Roilides Emmanuel , Tamaddoni Ahmad
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose: Candidemia is a life-threatening fungal infection with significant mortality and morbidity in neutropenic individuals, immunosuppressive chemotherapy recipients, and broad-spectrum antibiotics consumers. The epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility testing of non-albicans Candida species have been poorly studied. These species are characterized by low susceptibility to azoles and echinocandins. Herein, we report the first pediatric case of candidemia due to C. guilliermondii in Iran and review the literature on fungemia caused by C. guilliermondii.Case report: We presented the first candidemia case due to C. guilliermondii in a 4-month-old male infant with neuroblastoma in Iran. This study also involves a comprehensive literature review on fungemia caused by C. guilliermondii during a period of 18 years (i.e., 2000-2018) to discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of this disease. The literature review resulted in the identification of 501 cases of candidemia caused by C. guilliermondii. Most of the patients were adults and had multiple risk factors. However, the main risk factors were significantly related to cancer chemotherapy, followed by central venous catheter use and Intensive Care Unit admission. Mortality rate due to this disease had a range of 3.4-66.6%, in this regard, the patients with cancer had the highest mortality rate.Conclusion: Given the high mortality of candidemia, the early diagnosis of this infection and timely initiation of antifungal therapy significantly improve the patients’ survival rate and result in better outcomes. Consequently, it is highly recommended to monitor the local epidemiology of this life-threatening infection and raise awareness in this regard.
Experiences and expectations of pregnant women in advanced maternal age with suspected or confirmed fetus malformation.
Authors: Fernandes Camila Rebouças , Martins Aline De Carvalho
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as vivências e as expectativas de mulheres em idade materna avançada, grávidas de bebês com diagnóstico suspeito ou confirmado de malformação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, realizada entre janeiro e junho de 2016, com análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Foram entrevistadas sete gestantes com 35 anos ou mais, acompanhadas no ambulatório de pré-natal de uma unidade de saúde pública, federal, de referência para risco fetal. Evidenciou-se duas categorias: “O constrangimento de receber e compartilhar a notícia”; e “Receios quanto ao futuro”. Verificou-se que existem tensões das mulheres quanto à aceitação social da criança, incertezas quanto ao futuro profissional e expectativas de sobrecarga nos cuidados com a criança. Conclui-se que estas mulheres devem receber atendimento especializado para tratar estas questões.
University extension: experience report about aquatic physical therapy during graduation.
Authors: Almeida Tulio Fernandes de , Silva Larissa De Oliveira e , Leucas Cláudia Barsand de
Published: March 2019

O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever a experiência acadêmica no curso de Fisioterapia do Projeto Qualidade de Vida para Todos (PQVT), quanto à aproximação para Fisioterapia Aquática. Apresenta-se relatos dos graduandos do curso de fisioterapia que constam no relatório do final PQVT do 1° semestre do ano de 2017. Como resultado tem-se a articulação da tríade ensino, pesquisa e extensão, como possibilidade de aproximar o graduando de Fisioterapia ao ambiente aquático, e enfatizar a importância sobre uma área com diversas possibilidades de atuação.
Los niveles de comprensión lectora: hacia una enunciación investigativa y reflexiva para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gordillo Alfonso Adriana , Flórez María del Pilar
Published: March 2019

El trabajo investigativo referido en el presente artículo tiene por objeto establecer el nivel de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes que ingresan a primer semestre a la Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés. Esta investigación se circunscribe desde el punto de vista lingüístico-cognitivo. Se obtienen los resultados a partir del análisis de los tres niveles de comprensión lectora: literal, inferencial y crítico. Después de esto, se plantea una propuesta de intervención didáctica para mejorar la comprensión lectora.
Avaliação de anestésicos tópicos para anestesia do freio lingual
Authors: Bueno Tamiris Christensen , Volpato Maria Cristina , Araujo Jaiza Samara M. de , Groppo Francisco Carlos
Published: March 2019

A anquiloglossia é uma condição na qual há restrição da movimentação normal da língua dificultando a amamentação bebês e posteriormente, a fala. O tratamento preconizado é a frenotomia, não havendo um consenso sobre a anestesia prévia ao procedimento. Este trabalho comparou, em voluntários adultos, a eficácia (taxa de sucesso e tempo de anestesia) dos anestésicos tópicos: mistura eutética de lidocaína 2,5% e prilocaína 2,5% (EMLA®), creme de lidocaína 4% (Dermomax®), solução de tetracaína 1% e fenilefrina 0,1% (Allergan®) e um placebo, aplicados por 1 minuto dos dois lados do freio labial para determinar o de melhor escolha para realização de frenotomia em bebês. Todos os anestésicos testados foram melhores que o placebo em todos os níveis de pressão aplicados no freio lingual, porém as formulações Dermomax e EMLA apresentaram maior taxa de sucesso e tempo de anestesia que o Allergan. EMLA promoveu leve ardência durante a aplicação. Conclui-se que o Dermomax poderia ser a melhor escolha para aplicação em bebês.
Neofobia alimentar infantil
Authors: Peroseni Isabela Mateus , Rojas Marta Fuentes
Published: March 2019

A alimentação infantil é uma das maiores preocupações dos pais, pois comportamentos adversos durante o ato de comer podem ocorrer, como a neofobia alimentar, que merece especial atenção, uma vez que pode acarretar em diversos distúrbios alimentares ao decorrer da vida, além de interferir no desenvolvimento biopsicossocial da criança. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar dificuldades vivenciadas e estratégias utilizadas pelos pais para lidar com o comportamento alimentar de seus filhos, a fim de buscar elementos para a criação de espaços de orientação e intervenção. O estudo utilizou o método qualitativo de cunho descritivo com uso de dois instrumentos de pesquisa, sendo um questionário autoaplicável semiaberto e uma entrevista. Para participação na pesquisa foram previstos 80 sujeitos, sendo estes pais de crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 8 anos. Do total esperado de 80 sujeitos para a coleta de dados, 61 devolveram o questionário adequadamente preenchido e apenas 8 sujeitos apresentaram maiores dificuldades com a alimentação de seus filhos e foram conduzidos a entrevista, da qual apenas 5 sujeitos participaram. Os dados obtidos revelaram que o comportamento dos pais é um importante influenciador na formação dos hábitos alimentares infantis. Foi observado também que a maioria dos pais não possui sensibilidade para perceber sinais de fome e saciedade da criança, prejudicando sua autonomia e favorecendo a presença de comportamentos adversos, como a neofobia alimentar.
A objetificação da mulher na pornografia
Authors: Santos Jacqueline Messias dos , Lopes Rodrigo Esteves de Lima
Published: March 2019

Considerando o aumento no interesse do público por vídeos pornográficos relacionados à tag #lesbian, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar uma reflexão sobre como a combinação entre a tag #lesbian com outras tags no site PornHub indicam uma objetificação do corpo da mulher no mercado da indústria pornográfica. Essa relação será analisada a partir dos conceitos de sexualidade de Foucault (1984) e Butler (1990) e de Análise de Redes do físico Duncan Watts (2003), que tem como objetivo organizar as informações a partir do ponto de vista quantitativo na forma de redes conectadas. Dessa forma, as tags são organizadas de forma que se conectem entre si e formem assim uma rede de significados. Os resultados indicam que as relações entre as tags formam uma rede de significados que fetichizam e criam estereótipos e estigmas em torno da mulher lésbica.
Machine Learning-Based Antenna Selection in Untrusted Relay Networks
Authors: Yao Rugui , Zhang Yuxin , Qi Nan , A. Tsiftsis Theodoros
Published: March 2019

This paper studies the transmit antenna selection based on machine learning (ML) schemes in untrusted relay networks. First, we state the conventional antenna selection scheme. Then, we implement three ML schemes, namely, the support vector machine-based scheme, the naive-Bayes-based scheme, and the k-nearest neighbors-based scheme, which are applied to select the best antenna with the highest secrecy rate. The simulation results are presented in terms of system secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability. From the simulation, we can conclude that the proposed ML-based antenna selection schemes can achieve the same performance without amplification at the relay, or small performance degradation with transmitted power constraint at the relay, comparing with conventional schemes. However, when the training is completed, the proposed schemes can perform the antenna selection with a small computational complexity.
Maximizing Organizational Performance and Goal-Achievement through Competency-Based Education
Authors: Costa King
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a brief account and rationale for implementation of competency-based learning in any form of management and leadership development programmes in South Africa. The fact that competency-based learning (CBL), also known as outcomes-based learning has been scrapped from the schooling system in South Africa is unfortunate as this method enhances critical thinking skills and practical problem-solving skills. This paper presents CBL as a model of meta-cognitive approach to learning that integrates both theory and practice into experiential learning through six dimensions, namely, active learning, constructive learning, cumulative learning, goal-oriented learning, learner-centred and curriculum design strategies. In the advent of the fast-paced global economy, managers and leaders need to seek those business schools that value real-time practical approach to curriculum for relevance and to maximize shareholder value through human resource development. This brief presentation ends by recommending an approach through CBL that fosters three critical pillars of leadership development, namely: intellectual, behavioural and emotional agenda.
On Multimedia-assisted English Vocabulary Teaching for Chinese Junior Middle School English Learners from the Perspective of Situational Teaching Method
Authors: Kai-hua CHEN , Cui-qiong PAN
Published: March 2019

The multimedia network technology has been developing so rapidly that a constantly increasing number of course teachings are applying multimedia-based teaching method to fit into the student-centred classroom pattern while improving their teaching efficiency, leading to achievements in the innovation of our education system and offering guidance for EFL teaching and learning. This paper, based on multimedia-assisted teaching, is an attempt at discussing the multimedia-assisted situational English vocabulary teaching by means of the case study, which may prove a more effective method for Chinese junior middle school English learners who are not that skilful in the learning and memorizing of English vocabulary.
A Summary of Analytical Methods to Simulate Chemical Treatments in ICD Completed Wells
Authors: Kaur Amarpreet , Stalker Robert , Graham Gordon M. , Frigo Dario M.
Published: March 2019

Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) are being increasingly used in complex, heterogeneous reservoirs to make the inflow profile more uniform, delay breakthrough of water and/or gas and limit differential depletion, which can lead to crossflow and other detrimental phenomena. However, ICDs not only alter inflow behaviour: they also affect outflow of fluid during chemical treatments, such as scale squeezes, stimulation, etc., which may be applied periodically during well life.

Methods to account for the additional flow resistance from ICDs when predicting placement of bullheaded treatments are discussed in this paper, in particular, to evaluate whether a theoretical approach based upon Bernoulli's Theorem leads to sufficiently accurate predictions in the absence of laboratory correlations between pressure drop across the ICD and flow rate. This approach may also become significant where the laboratory calibration might be expected to have changed during well life, such as, under the influence of erosion.

The paper describes two analytical methods of simulating placement in a multi-zone well in a heterogeneous reservoir in the Middle East: the first is empirical and models the pressure drop using an equation derived from calibration data in the laboratory; the second uses the Bernoulli equation, and is theoretical. For the empirical approach, the laboratory-based pressure-drop/flowrate calibration data were fitted to an equation, with parameters that depended upon the nozzle dimensions. The theoretical approach calculated the pressure drop using the Bernoulli equation for a cylindrical ICD nozzle. Both methods were used to simulate placement of a generic scale-inhibitor squeeze treatment and the corresponding chemical returns for each zone in the well. In general, the differences in the predictions between the two models were found to be very minor, showing that a theoretical approach is sufficiently accurate to design and evaluate chemical treatments in wells fitted with ICDs in most cases.

This means a very rapid analytical approach can be used to design and evaluate near-wellbore treatments in such wells without resorting to much more complex, numerical-based reservoir simulators, even when calibration data about the ICD performance are not available.
On-Site Fluids and Solids Characterization with Benchtop XRF Analyzer
Authors: Lu Jian , Toups Dale , Lamoureux Burton , Williams Stephen , Williams Joshua
Published: March 2019

Water, oil and solid field sample characterizations are essential to scale management, corrosion and flow assurance surveillance. From sample collection to getting lab test results take weeks to even months for off-shore locations, while operation changes can happen in hours or days. During the sample transportation process, water and solid samples are often oxidized with iron species dropped out of solution or changed to oxide. For fast operational feedback and "freshest" sample measurement, on-site composition analyses are highly desirable. Typical lab analyzers, such as ICP (inductively coupled plasma) and IC (Ion Chromatography), are highly specialized and requires regular chemical supplies and maintenance. So many lab analyzers are not suitable for on-site use.

This paper reports the development of test methods using a benchtop X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer for oil field samples and field application at Gulf of Mexico offshore locations. The Benchtop XRF analyzer is very user-friendly, requires minimal sample preparation, and leaves little room for human error. Once set up, the analyzer provides fast on-site feedback at low cost, and can work with all non-gas samples. With calibrated methods, this analyzer can provide quantitative measurement for elements in water or oil. For other sample types, such as solid, slurry, mix and metals, this analyzer can be used to do qualitative measurements for trending and component identification.

This on-site surveillance tool has proven to be able to provide fast and accurate data on key elements for scale, corrosion and flow assurance management at a low cost. Examples of operation decisions based on this analyzer results will be presented. This tool has demonstrated the ability to provide timely data for preventing plugging/fouling, checking chemical effectiveness, improved integrity surveillance and well flowback surveillance. Use of this tool during maintenance/turnaround helps to build up a better picture on areas with various deposits.
Identification of Novel Chemicals for Iron Sulfide Scale Control and Understanding of Scale Controlling Mechanism
Authors: Ko Saebom , Wang Xin , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B.
Published: March 2019

Although iron sulphide (FeS) scale is not as common as carbonate and sulfate scales, it is difficult to inhibit, especially at high temperature conditions, due to its low solubility and fast precipitation kinetics. Moreover, the complexity of FeS solution and solid phase chemistry makes FeS deposition and related issues difficult to be solved. This study is to identify more efficient and effective dispersants and inhibitors for FeS scale. Polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyoxazoline (OX) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which are frequently employed during oil and gas production activities for various purposes, successfully prevented FeS particles from settling. CMC was the most effective to disperse FeS particles in brines and it can disperse FeS particles under the conditions of as high as 4M of ionic strength. The size of FeS stabilized with polymers remained in nano-scale. Polymers did not work as threshold inhibitors, but prevented particle growth. Phosphonates and carboxylate chelating agents were also tested for FeS scale inhibition. Diethylenetriamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA) successfully inhibited FeS nucleation greater than 90% in a given reaction time of 2 hours at 70 °C, based on the measurement of Fe concentration in filtered solution with 0.22 μm syringe membrane. NTA showed the best inhibition performance at pH 5.0 and all three inhibitors stopped FeS nucleation at a substoichiometric concentration of inhibitors to iron(II). EDTA performed better than NTA and DTPMP at pH 6.7 at about 10% excess of EDTA molar concentration over iron(II). As pH and saturation index (SI) increased, greater concentrations of inhibitors were required to inhibit FeS scale.
Aqueous Alternative System to Straight and Emulsified HCl Acids for Carbonate Acidizing
Authors: Al Moajil Abdullah , Caliskan Sinan , Al-Salem Ali , Al-Yami Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

Carbonate reservoir matrix acidizing is commonly conducted with HCl. In these treatments, HCl acid is used to create conductive channels (wormholes) to enhance well productivity/injectivity. However, its use has been limited due to associated rapid tubulars corrosion and formation face dissolution, especially in deep hot reservoirs. Emulsified acid was used as an effective alternative to HCl, but it is associated with drawbacks such high friction losses and emulsion stability. In this paper, an aqueous single-phase retarded HCl alternative system was evaluated as an alternative to straight and emulsified acid fluids.

Coreflood experiments were conducted using Indiana limestone core plugs at 180 and 270°F. Computerized Tomography (CT) scan analysis was conducted on the core plugs before/after coreflood testing. Compatibility testing was conducted on prepared retarder acid recipes. ESEM, TGA, and ICP analysis was used to analyze prepared retarder acid recipes and associated solids. Turbiscan LAB was used to assess the stability of the retarded acid recipes.

The low pore volume to breakthrough (PVBT) values (i.e., 0.9-1.6) obtained from coreflood testing at 180 and 270°F, confirmed the retarded HCl acid recipes were effective to stimulate carbonate reservoirs. Compatibility testing showed presence of significant white precipitate. ESEM analysis showed the precipitates were rod-like crystals composed of mainly of Cl and high C with small amounts of N, O, Al and Mg. TGA results showed the major constituent of precipitate were organic-based materials. The precipitate was mainly H4EDTA and chloride. Despite presence of white precipitate at the core inlet, the effect on the performance of the retarded acid system was insignificant. CT scanning analysis of the plug samples before/after the coreflooding experiments showed that wormholes along the plug length with multiple branches were formed in all cases indicating the compatibility of the selected acid recipe.
Cross-Linked Polymeric Controlled Release Particles for Inorganic Scale Inhibition
Authors: Paul Ferm , Jeff Germer , Kurt Heidemann , Stuart Holt , Andrew Robertson , Jannifer Sanders , Klin Rodrigues , John Thomaides , Nick Wolf , Lei Zhang
Published: March 2019

The controlled release of scale inhibitors (SI) and other treatment chemicals in the near-wellbore region is a key strategy to improving water management and extended well production. In addition, during some completion and stimulation operations, it is desired that robust particles providing controlled release be placed in gravel and sand packs. A novel controlled release scale inhibitor particle is presented which provides beneficial properties due to its unique chemistry and polymer processing methods. This technology provides extended feedback of scale inhibitor with tunable release rates.
Silica and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle Formulation to Improve Thermal Stability and Inhibition Capabilities of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Applied to Woodford Shale
Authors: Aramendiz Jose , Imqam Abdulmohsin
Published: March 2019

Drilling fluid design for shale plays aims to prevent wellbore instability problems associated with fluid invasion, shale swelling, and cuttings dispersion. Although oil-based mud (OBM) can be used to achieve these goals, environmental and economic concerns limit its application. This research evaluates the potential of using silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as drilling fluid additives in a single formulation to improve shale inhibition and long-term stability of water-based mud (WBM) against temperature effects. The design of the nanoparticle water-based mud (NP-WBM) followed a customized approach that selects the additives according to the characteristics of the reservoir. Characterization of Woodford shale was completed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aqueous stability test and zeta-potential measurements were used to assess the stability of the NPs. NP-WBM characterization included the analysis of the rheological properties measured with a rotational viscometer and the evaluation of the filtration trends at low-temperature/low-pressure (LTLP) and high-temperature/high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Additionally, dynamic aging was performed at temperatures up to 250°F for thermal stability evaluation. Finally, chemical-interaction tests such as cutting dispersion and bulk swelling helped to analyze the effect of introducing NPs on the inhibition capabilities of the WBM. Conventional KCl/PHPA fluid was used for comparison purposes. The results of this investigation revealed that SiO2-NPs and GNPs acted synergistically with other additives to improve the filtration characteristics of the WBM with only minor effects on the rheological properties. NPs exhibited a high colloidal stability with ζ-potential values below-30 mV, which warrants their dispersion within the WBM at an optimal concentration of 0.75 wt.%. The high thermal conductivity of NPs played a key role in promoting an almost flat trend in the cumulative filtrate for the NP-WBM at aged conditions, whereas KCl/PHPA suffered a drastic increase. Also, NP-WBM preserved 43.97% of its initial cutting carrying capacity, while KCl/PHPA experienced a severe reduction of 95.24% at extreme conditions (250°F). Despite the high illite content of the Woodford shale, the NP-WBM exhibited superior inhibition properties that reduced cutting erosion and swelling effect by 24.48% and 35.24%, respectively, compared to the KCl/PHPA fluid. Overall, this investigation supports the potential use of nanomaterials to enhance the inhibition capabilities and the long-term stability of WBM for unconventional shales, presenting an eco-friendly alternative for harsher environments.
Development and Screening of Additives for Biodiesel Based Drilling Fluids: Principles, Strategies and Experience
Authors: Li Wai , Liu Jishan , Zhao Xionghu , Jiang Jiwei , Peng Hui , Zhang Min , He Tao , Liu Guannan , Shen Peiyuan
Published: March 2019

Biodiesel-based drilling fluid (BBDF) draws considerable attention because biodiesel has excellent environmental acceptability and great potential to provide high drilling performance. There are some investigations reported about BBDF both in laboratory and in the field recently, demonstrating its feasibility. In contrast to traditional petrodiesel and mineral oil, biodiesel has some chemical activity which affects the reliability of BBDF in drilling environment. This paper details the principles and strategies for developing and selecting additives of BBDF. A variety of experimental results obtained by laboratory tests were presented to elucidate the importance of suitable additives for an eligible BBDF. Electrical stability test and centrifuge test were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of emulsifier. A six-speed viscometer and a high-pressure-high-temperature (HPHT) rheometer were used to measure the parameters of BBDF to evaluate organophilic clays and rheological modifiers. Density test was performed to investigate the suspendability of the fluids. Hot rolling treatment was carried out to study the thermal tolerance of the fluids. The laboratory results and the literature showed that both lime content and calcium chloride concentration have significant effects on the stability and rheological parameters of BBDF. Even moderate amount of lime in BBDF will significantly decrease the stability of BBDF. The effect of calcium chloride concentration on BBDF varies according to the type of emulsifier. A compound emulsifier based on fatty alkanolamides and alkyl sulfonates exhibits reliable ability to prepare stable, thermal-tolerate invert biodiesel emulsion. It offers biodiesel emulsion reduced viscosity compared to those given by traditional Span/Tween emulsifier combinations. For another, commercial organophilic clays cannot give satisfactory rheological parameters because the viscosity-temperature profile of BBDF is often steeper than those of traditional oil based drilling fluids (OBDFs). Therefore, rheological modifier should be used to compensate the viscosity loss of BBDF under high-temperature conditions. A condensate of alkoxylated fatty amine and polycarboxylic acid showed good performance to provide a relatively flat rheological profile. Some empirical laws, principles and strategies are summarized for BBDF additive selection. One is that the combinations of non-ionic and anionic emulsifiers have better effectiveness for biodiesel. The other conclusion is that lime content must be strictly controlled. With the boom of the biodiesel industry, it is predicted BBDF will take a place in the family of drilling fluid. However, most previous works show that BBDF may be not satisfactory when the temperature is over 120 Celsius degrees. This work presents valuable experience for further improvement of this promising drilling fluid.
Three-Phase Carbonate Acidizing: Quantification and Analysis of Evolved CO2 in the Presence of Oil and Water
Authors: Kumar Harish T. , Muhemmed Sajjaat , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A.
Published: March 2019

Recent times have seen an advancement in the area of carbonate acidizing, moving forward from single-phase to two-phase analyses, in an effort to account for the presence of the oil-phase during stimulation treatments. Yet, a lack of a complete capability to understand this complex subsurface process still exists. Characterizing the effect of CO2 (carbon dioxide), a byproduct of the chemical reaction between carbonates & HCl (hydrochloric acid) has been ignored till date, under the pretext of using high pore pressures to keep CO2 dissolved in surrounding solution. The presence of CO2 in porous media changes the dynamics of fluid flow.

A three-phase two-scale simulation model is described toward the purpose of accurately modeling the physics of carbonate acidizing. A validation of the model, is conducted using published literature experiments and conducted laboratory corefloods in the area of carbonate acidizing. The acid efficiency curve for a single phase scenario from literature is matched, with the effects of the evolved CO2 being modeled. Two Indiana limestone core, 6 in. by length and 1.5 in. by diameter, are used for the purpose of a tracer injection study using 5 wt% KCl (potassium chloride) solution, and acid injection study using 15 wt% HCl solution. The experiments were conducted at 71.6°F, and 1,180 psi pore pressures. The Indiana limestone cores are characterized via CT (computed tomography) scans, and a detailed, accurate porosity profile of the core is used as input to the simulation model. The tracer fluid was used to characterize the porous environment and effective dispersion coefficients, and for subsequent calibration of the simulation model. From the conducted single phase acidizing coreflood, the experimental parameters such as pressure drop curves are closely monitored to assess acid breakthrough, and the effluents from the acid coreflood are analyzed for determining the concentrations of CaCl2 (calcium chloride) and HCl with time. CT scans of the core post acidizing describes the wormhole pattern. These parameters are accurately matched using the simulation model, and subsequent sensitivity studies with the presence of oil are performed thereof.

The modeling of CO2 as a separate phase for mimicking the acid coreflood played a major role in acquiring a better match with all experimental parameters, with limited dependency on empirical pore-scale parameters. It is shown that the rock-wettability for an oil-water system has a large degree of influence on the acid PVbt (pore volumes of acid required to breakthrough), with oil-wet systems requiring higher volumes. An approximate of 30% recovery of the residual oil in place is predicted, purely based on capability of the evolved CO2 to swell the surrounding oil.
An Innovative Rheology Modifier Which Provides Dual Function : Achieves Non-Damaging Clay Free System for Reservoir Drilling and Flat Rheology for Deep Water Drilling
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Indulkar Sakshi , Asrani Megha , Patel Arvind , Ramane Sanket , Sarase Amruta , Thakur Swapnil , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: March 2019

Exploration and Production operators prefer non-damaging non-aqueous fluid (NAF) for drill-in reservoirs. One of the requirements of non-damaging system is clay free system and it should perform as good as any conventional NAF. For deep water drilling, it is necessary to have flat rheology of NAF over a wide range of temperatures. An innovative rheology modifier which provides clay free system and also offers flat rheology profile has been developed and successfully used in field.

The rheology modifier can minimize or totally eliminate the need of organophilic clay to improve the quality of non-damaging reservoir drilling fluid. The paper will discuss the chemistry of newly developed polyamide resin-based rheology modifier and compare it with other poly-amide resin chemistry currently used in industry. Also, the critical parameters which are required to synthesize cross-linked polyamide resin that provide thixotropic properties to NAF will also be discussed

The newly developed clay free system utilizes a single rheology modifier component to provide dual functions of providing true clay free system and offers flat rheological profile over wide range of temperatures. The dual function is achieved without sacrificing the vital mud parameters, such as emulsion stability, fluid loss control and rheology. In fact, these mud parameters are enhanced due to surfactant characteristic incorporated in newly developed poly-amide resin-based rheology modifier. The clay free system can be formulated for deep-water applications with mud weights up to 18.0 lb/gal and temperatures up to 350°F.

Recent successful field trials as a clay free system for drilling reservoir indicated that the new system is easy to maintain and provides good fluid performance in terms of drilling rate, ECD management, and hole cleaning. This product provides an excellent rheological profile at a low dosage of 1 ppb. Even at this low dosage, LSRV was above 10 in 8 ½" Hole with yield point of greater than 15 lbs/100 ft2. When the system was contaminated with a severe saltwater flow, there were no fluid-related problems before the synthetic oil/water ratio was restored.