bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Todesmut und Lebenswille
Authors: Hockerts Hans Günter
Published: June 2022

Die Flugblattaktion, die Hans und Sophie Scholl am 18. Februar 1943 in der Münchner Universität durchführten, ist in das kulturelle Gedächtnis eingegangen: Das Bild der in den Lichthof herunterflatternden Blätter gilt als Ikone der deutschen Freiheitsgeschichte. Doch steht auch der Vorwurf im Raum, die Aktion sei so leichtsinnig unternommen worden, dass sie die Entdeckung und Verhaftung des ganzen Widerstandskreises ausgelöst habe. Die genaue Rekonstruktion weist erstmals nach, dass die Geschwister durchaus nicht alle Vorsicht fallen ließen, sondern mit einem Notfallplan Vorsorge trafen. Anhand neuer Quellen wird zudem die Legende widerlegt, die Warnung vor einem unmittelbar bevorstehenden Zugriff der Gestapo habe dazu geführt, dass die Geschwister spontan und überstürzt handelten.
Verwaltungsvereinfachung als Ausnahmepraxis?
Authors: Middendorf Stefanie
Published: June 2022

Hinter dem spröden Begriff Verwaltungsvereinfachung steht die Vorstellung, der Staat solle gezielter und entschlossener handeln – eine Forderung, die im 20. Jahrhundert immer wieder laut wurde. In den europäischen Krisenzeiten nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg verfing das „Evangelium der Effizienz“ (Ernst Fraenkel) insbesondere im Bereich der Haushaltspolitik. Die Staatsfinanzen standen im Zentrum zeitgenössischer Debatten um Demokratie und Diktatur, und sie verwiesen auf die Erfordernisse einer internationalen Ordnung der Ökonomie. Stefanie Middendorf analysiert anhand der deutschen Erfahrungen zwischen 1914 und 1945, wie in der staatlichen Budgetplanung ein Aggregatzustand der Ausnahmeherrschaft entstand, der transformative Wirkung entfaltete und alltägliche Praktiken des Regierens zu Triebkräften der Ermächtigung werden ließ.
The Decipherment of Linear Elamite Writing
Authors: Desset François , Tabibzadeh Kambiz , Kervran Matthieu , Basello Gian Pietro , Marchesi and Gianni
Published: June 2022

Linear Elamite writing was used in southern Iran in the late 3rd/early 2nd millennium BCE (ca. 2300–1880 BCE). First discovered during the French excavations at Susa from 1903 onwards, it has so far resisted decipherment. The publication of eight inscribed silver beakers in 2018 provided the materials and the starting point for a new attempt; its results are presented in this paper. A full description and analysis of Linear Elamite of writing, employed for recording the Elamite language, is given here for the first time, together with a discussion of Elamite phonology and the biscriptualism that characterizes this language in its earliest documented phase.
Intervenção psicológica em demandas judiciais infantojuvenis
Authors: NIKOLIC J. M. , ARAUJO A. F. , FRUGOLI Rosa , BENINCASA M.
Published: June 2022

The object of study of this essay is the protection of children and adolescents in the face of parental abuse, focusing on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in judicial lawsuits. Law and Psychology have joined forces in an attempt to prove the necessity of multidisciplinarity through demonstrations of early and late psychological interventions with completely different results. A reasonably new problem, since it is through the Divorce Law (BRASIL, Law 6.515/77) and the Federal Constitution of 1988 that the necessity for a new specialization, Family Law, was born. In tandem, Psychology had a consistent rise in recognition in 1972 through the implementation of the Federal Council of Psychology (BRASIL, 1962). With them being considered new sciences, there was a need to investigate whether the lack of scientific recognition of both sciences could be the reason for the damages children and teenagers experienced, lacking support to their needs. The first case experienced from 1981 to 1988 was methodologically compared with the second, from 2018 to 2021. We surveyed data from reliable institutions and brought testimonies from abused children, now adults, transcribed from the following documentaries, both publically available on the internet: "A Morte Inventada (2009)" and "O Amor Que Tu Me Tinhas". From these, it was demonstrated that although we have evolved substantially in terms of legislation, the object of study (children's permanence in harmful environments) does not offer the expected protection, as will be shown. However, our hypothesis demonstrates that qualified and (obligatorily) preemptive psychological intervention can drastically reduce the damage and trauma to children and adolescents.
A tutela do voto: clientelismo, chaguismo e outros dilemas da política no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: BAIA P. R. S. , SILVA M. G.
Published: June 2022

This article aims to discuss the subject of the guardianship of the vote. Our aim is to use a structured exploratory methodology based on an analysis of cases located in the state of Rio de Janeiro to discuss several mechanisms allowing Brazilian democracy to be directed within these parameters, within a historical dynamic featuring the relativization or kidnapping of citizen autonomy. First, we raise the question of guardianship based on the concepts of clientelism, mandonismo [bossism], and Chaguism, before providing a typology of candidates useful in a reflection on the profiles to be henceforth considered as representative of Rio’s political elite. In the second part of the text, we outline the particular structural features we understand as the particular pathos of Rio de Janeiro state politics, by means of analyzing two cases. First, that of smuggler Toninho Turco, which provides a useful illustration of the clash between the public machine and organized crime in the state. Second, the mayor of Duque de Caxias, Washington Reis (MDB), appears as a synthesis of the two archetypes of political elite revealed in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This reflection results in an effort to contest the theory of scarcity of supply, or, in other words, that the crisis in the state stems from a lack of electoral alternatives. Finally, we analyze the guardianship by means of the connection between the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Powers, as well as the connection between such authorities and organized crime, using the concept of Litigância Militante [militant litigation] to reflect on the search and seizure operations carried out by the Public Ministry in an election year, with a focus on the city of Rio de Janeiro.
PANDEMIJOS POVEIKIS TRANSPORTO SEKTORIAUS VERSLO APLINKAI
Authors: Viningienė Daiva , Anužis Aivaras
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this article is to review the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019 and 2021 on the business environment of the transport sector, and to provide the most effective means to restore the transport sector. For this purpose, scientific, statistical and documentary sources are examined, in which material from research conducted by Lithuanian and foreign scientists about the pandemic and its impact on the European and Lithuanian transport sector is analysed; the importance of the transport sector to the national economy and the peculiarities of the transport sector business environment are reviewed; the challenges of different modes of transport in the transport sector during the pandemic are described; threats, problems and opportunities the transport sector faced are presented; and impact assessments and forecasts for individual modes of transport are provided. To reveal the topic of the article about the challenges and changes caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the transport sector, a comparative analysis of the latest scientific literature and statistics, documents, descriptive analytical, synthesis and comparative analysis methods were used.
Attitudes and preferences of visitors of Krka National Park, Croatia
Authors: Telbisz Tamás , Šulc Ivan , Mari László , Radeljak Kaufmann Petra
Published: June 2022

The primary function of national parks (NPs) is nature conservation, but for the majority of them, tourism also plays an important role. Tourism generates significant incomes, but the benefits are often unequally distributed in space, as are the disadvantages. The karst regions are generally less developed terrains in terms of traditional livelihoods, but due to their special morphology, tourism offers great opportunities. Nonetheless, mass tourism can also pose increased environmental risks. In this article, we examine the above questions on the example of Krka NP, especially from the perspective of tourists, as we conducted a questionnaire survey with visitors. The results confirmed that there is a high degree of spatial inequality both in the awareness of attractions and the distribution of tourist accommodation. This fact has already been recognised by the management of the NP, and serious steps have already been taken to reduce inequality, but their impact is not yet significant enough. Based on the survey, tourism in Krka NP is determined by same-day visits. Tourists who come here primarily consider waterfalls, lakes and rivers to be the most important values of the landscape, while cultural values are considered less significant and even less known. Local products are virtually unknown in the NP palette, so this could be a direction for development. Another point that could be developed is the awareness of visitors in the field of karstification. As the survey was conducted during COVID period, its impact on tourism was also briefly examined. This impact was manifested in the fact that the proportion of retirees and tourist buses was very small, whereas the majority of visitors (90%) arrived in the NP as independent travellers. For one third of foreigners, COVID played a role in choosing Croatia as a destination. As for domestic tourists, two thirds chose to find a destination in Croatia because of COVID.
Yeast Sequencing
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James , Viry Gil , Leng Rhodri , Wong Mark , Vermeulen Niki
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the model of network genomics pioneered in the late 1980s and adopted in the European Commission-led Yeast Genome Sequencing Project (YGSP). It contrasted with the burgeoning large-scale center model being developed in the United States to sequence the yeast genome, chiefly as a pilot for tackling the human genome. We investigate the operation and connections of the two models by exploring a co-authorship network that captures different types of sequencing practices. In our network analysis, we focus on institutions that bridge both the European and American yeast whole-genome sequencing projects, and such concerted projects with non-concerted sequencing of yeast DNA. The institutions include two German biotechnology companies and Biozentrum, a research institute at Universität Basel that adopted yeast as a model to investigate cell biochemistry and molecular biology. Through assessing these bridging institutions, we formulate two analytical distinctions: between proximate and distal, and directed and undirected sequencing. Proximate and distal refer to the extent that intended users of DNA sequence data are connected to the generators of that data. Directed and undirected capture the extent to which sequencing was part of a specific research program. The networked European model, as mobilized in the YGSP, enabled the coexistence and cooperation of institutions exhibiting different combinations of these characteristics in contrast with the more uniformly distal and undirected large-scale centers. This contributes to broadening the historical boundaries of genomics and presenting a thicker historiography, one that inextricably meshes genomics with the trajectories of biotechnology and cell biology. This essay is part of a special issue entitled The Sequences and the Sequencers: A New Approach to Investigating the Emergence of Yeast, Human, and Pig Genomics, edited by Miguel García-Sancho and James Lowe.
Ecological Memory and Socio-Ecological Resilience Approach Within the Scope of Muğla Wildfires
Authors: Beyhan Burak , Koca Feray
Published: June 2022

The climate change crisis stemming from anthropogenic reasons has triggered severe weather events and disasters all over the world in recent years. In this context, the main purpose of the paper is to reveal the importance of ecological memory in the face of the wildfires threatening our living spaces and taking place between 29 July-12 August 2021 throughout Muğla Province, and to divulge basic strategies for the future of the region by questioning the resilience of ecosystem. The damage caused by wildfires are determined by using satellite images and remote sensing methods in GIS. Accordingly, the borders of burned areas were determined by using mainly remote sensing data according to the degree of burn severity on the basis of NBR. In turn, these borders were overlapped with CLC data and administrative borders at different scales for determination of the land cover types of the burned areas and the urban areas affected. Subsequently, the actual surface areas of the burned regions were calculated by using SRTM GL1 satellite images. The results show that not only forest assets, but also agricultural areas, production areas, mining areas, urban transportation network and residential areas were damaged by the wildfires. Although burned areas can be calculated by using remote sensing methods as done in this study, exact delimitation of fire zones and precise distribution of the burned areas according to land cover types also require in-situ work. Hence, the scope of the paper doesn’t cover these issues that can only be addressed by future studies. Overall, the paper proposes a framework for questioning the socio-ecological resilience of the ecosystem in the upcoming period of the disasters that threaten our living spaces, and formulates a set of strategies for spatial planning by employing a socio-ecological approach for increasing the resilience of habitats by revealing ecological memory.
INVESTMENT COMPONENT OF TRANSNATIONALIZATION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE EXAMPLE OF INTERNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
Authors: Shapoval A.V. , Yakubovskiy S.O.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the general situation of transnationalization over several years highlights the changes at the beginning of the pandemic caused by the spread of Covid-19. It has been established that oscillatory investment dynamics characterize the period from 1990 to 2020 flows at the global level. The impact of global problems on the activities of corporations in 2020 is noted. The main external factors influencing the activities of the investment nature of corporations in this period are the consequences of the coronavirus infection. According to statistics, a significant drop in investment flows in 2020 was presented, but thanks to the activities of transnational corporations in the fight against the global pandemic, an improvement in the situation were predicted in subsequent years. Pharmaceutical corporations have been identified as the leading players in the fight against the pandemic among TNCs due to significant involvement and cooperation with governments, society, and businesses, both at the national and international levels. As a result, pharmaceutical multinationals resumed their presence in the ranking of innovative companies in 2021 in terms of investment in R&D, significantly improving their positions compared to previous years. With the help of a regression model, using the example of a pharmaceutical company, the dependence of a corporation's income on investment in research and development was demonstrated. At the same time, statistical, graphical and comparative analyzes were used in the article.

The article analyzes structural changes in R&D investment companies to understand the reorientation of activities. The reorientation in international companies has made it possible to assert the pandemic as a strategic opportunity to develop new products by pharmaceutical companies directly related to the fight against coronavirus infection, the creation of cooperation between companies of different levels, and a change in segmentation in the product line. Furthermore, a timely response to the challenges of the pandemic and a change in tactics allowed pharmaceutical companies to stay afloat and improve their financial performance, and the situation with investment flows in general.
ВЗАЄМОДІЯ УКРАЇНИ З МІЖНАРОДНИМИ ВАЛЮТНО-ФІНАНСОВИМИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯМИ
Authors: Rodina O. H. , Daniv R.V.
Published: June 2022

Статтю присвячено дослідженню співробітництва України з міжнародними фінансовими організаціями, аналізу позитивних та негативних аспектів співпраці та визначенню конкретних важелів підвищення ефективності залучених кредитних ресурсів міжнародних валютно-фінансових організацій в національну економіку, особливу увагу приділено аналізу діяльності таким організаціям: Міжнародний валютний фонд, Світовий банк, Міжнародний банк реконструкції та розвитку та Європейський банк реконструкції та розвитку. На шляху інтеграції у світовий економічний простір Україна налаштовує співробітництво з різними міжнародними організаціями, у тому числі фінансовими. Валютно-фінансові організації відіграють важливу роль як у регулюванні світової економіки, так і в економічному розвитку окремих країн світу, а саме їхньому фінансуванні. Внаслідок цього питання відносин України з міжнародними фінансовими організаціями є актуальним, а його дослідження становлять значний науковий інтерес. В процесі дослідження використано наступні методи: системний та структурно-функціональний - для з`ясування сутності та складових МВФО; класифікації - при дослідженні видів організацій за різними ознаками; аналізу та синтезу - для з`ясування місця та ролі ключових міжнародних організацій у структурі МВФО; порівняльний - при проведенні порівняльного аналізу діяльності Міжнародного валютного фонду, Групи Світового банку та Європейського банку реконструкції та розвитку; емпіричний - при дослідженні практики та результатів діяльності організацій в Україні; графічний - з метою наочного відображення отриманих результатів аналітики. Міжнародні фінансові організації значно впливають на покращення економічного становища України, взаємодія України з міжнародними валютно-фінансовими організаціями сприяє підвищенню макроекономічних показників стабілізації, створенню конкурентоспроможного ринкового середовища, стабілізації національної валюти, посиленню інвестиційного процесу, розвитку приватного сектору підприємства. Обґрунтовано, що міжнародні валютно-фінансові організації відіграють ключову роль у регулюванні світової фінансової системи та кредитування соціально-економічного розвитку країн світу. Проаналізовано інвестиційно-кредитну діяльність МВФО в Україні. Досліджено структуру та динаміку фінансування проєктів міжнародних валютно-фінансових організацій в Україні. Практична значущість одержаних результатів полягає в тому, що запропоновані в статті напрями оптимізації відносин України та міжнародних валютно-фінансових організацій рекомендується використовувати для написання звітів та інших наукових публікацій в розрізі питань співробітництва України з МФО та її подальших перспектив.
БЮДЖЕТУВАННЯ ЯК СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЮ У ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ФІНАНСОВО-КРЕДИТНИХ УСТАНОВ
Authors: Levandivskyi O.T. , Balaniuk I. F. , Matkovsky P. Ye. , Shelenko D. I.
Published: June 2022

У статті розглянуто бюджетування, як систему контролю діяльності фінансово-кредитних установ. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності впровадження бюджетування у діяльності фінансово-кредитних установ. Розглядаються й аналізуються методичні підходи у бюджетуванні фінансово-кредитних установ. Відображено роль бюджетування в діяльності фінансово-кредитних установ на основі функції бюджетного планування, організації, мотивування, контролю та регулювання. Проведено аналіз чинників що впливають на низьку ефективність бюджетування у діяльності фінансово-кредитних установ.

Досліджено основні види оцінки бюджетування залежно від мети та методів його проведення. Наголошується на доцільності аналізу бюджету фінансово-кредитної установи як плану майбутніх операцій, інтегрованих у технології, що формуються на бухгалтерському обліку та фінансовому плануванні. З’ясовано, що основою будь-якого бюджетування фінансово-кредитних установ є фінансові потоки, фінансові ризики, основні показники фінансового ринку, прибутки та структурні складові, обсяг необхідних коштів і резервів, валютна позиція тощо.

В основі системи бюджетування виокремлено науково-обґрунтовані принципи, що чітко визначають характер та зміст бюджетування, створюючи умови для ефективної роботи і зменшуючи можливість впливу негативних факторів, а саме: принцип єдності; принцип повноти; принцип точності; принцип участі, координації та відповідальності.

Визначено переваги і недоліки основних варіантів формування бюджетів у фінансово-кредитних установах. Конкретизовано етапи та сучасні методи проведення бюджетування. Звернута увага на взаємовідносини структурних підрозділів фінансово-кредитної установи щодо проведення бюджетування.

Доведено, що бюджетування є одним із найефективніших інструментів пошуку внутрішніх резервів у діяльності фінансово-кредитної установи. Дозволяє спланувати доходи та витрати і в результаті втілити концепцію «управління винятками». Дана концепція є таким способом організації управління, при якому на основі реалізації функції планування за допомогою системи бюджетів подальший управлінський вплив, мотивація і контроль проводиться за допомогою реалізації аналітичної функції у сфері оцінки відхилень від запланованих у бюджетах варіантів.
СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ НАУКОВОЇ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Mykytiuk N.Ye.
Published: June 2022

Метою даної статті є дослідження сучасних тенденцій наукової та інноваційної діяльності в Україні. В процесі дослідження використано методи аналізу та синтезу, теоретичного узагальнення та системного підходу.

Зазначено, що ключовою умовою забезпечення конкурентних переваг суб’єктів господарювання є здатність до продукування, впровадження та капіталізації інновацій, а на результативність інноваційної діяльності підприємств в основному впливають фактори, пов’язані з науковими та науково-технічними роботами.

Встановлено, що в 2020 році в Україні посилились окремі складові наукової та інноваційної активності підприємств, установ та організацій, про що свідчить збільшення кількості організацій, що здійснювали НДР, в державному секторі та секторі вищої освіти, зростання кількості кандидатів та докторів наук, що займаються НДР, збільшення кількості дослідників, зростання витрат на фундаментальні та прикладні дослідження, збільшення кількості інноваційно активних промислових підприємств, зростання обсягів реалізованої інноваційної промислової продукції.

Водночас, в тому ж таки році зменшилась кількості організацій та загальна кількість працівників, що займаються НДР, зменшилась загальна величина видатків на НДР та видатків та науково-технічні розробки, зменшилась частка реалізованої інноваційної продукції у загальному обсязі реалізованої промисловими підприємствами продукції.

Виокремлено причини негативних тенденцій наукової та інноваційної діяльності в Україні, серед яких: недостатнє фінансування науково-технічної сфери з боку держави; криза, викликана пандемією COVID-19; підтримка підприємствами застарілих виробництв, відсутність зацікавленості представників бізнесу у співпраці з закладами науки, а також їх небажання інвестувати кошти у довгострокові проекти науково-технічних розробок через високі ризики неповернення інвестованих коштів; монополізація економіки та низький рівень конкуренції.

Акцентовано увагу на тому, що активний розвиток економіки України можливий за рахунок переходу до виробництва інтелектуальної продукції, а також шляхом збільшення частки високотехнологічних галузей в структурі ВВП.

Запропоновано заходи, реалізація яких дозволить підвищити ефективність використання наукового потенціалу на інноваційно активних підприємствах.
НАПРЯМИ ТА РЕЗЕРВИ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Kaziuka N. P. , Sheketa Ye. Yu.
Published: June 2022

У статті автори здійснили спробу оцінки соціально-економічних наслідків російської повномасштабної агресії на території України. Визначено основні проблеми, з якими стикнулася наша економіка, зокрема: відтік іноземного і внутрішнього капіталу з країни; руйнування логістичної інфраструктури; кілька мільйонів біженців, які змушені були емігрували або до інших країн, або до інших регіонів всередині країни, та втратили роботу – головне джерело своїх доходів, вони випали з економічного кругообігу країни, оскільки такі громадяни не мають можливості споживати і виробляти продукти і послуги, сплачувати податки тощо; інфляція, падіння купівельної спроможності національної валюти, необхідність державного фінансування соціальних виплат для населення та фінансування збройних сил України, що провокує посилення дефіциту державного бюджету країни, який через війну поповнюється значно нижчими темпами. Описані прогнозні явища, з якими стикнеться економіка нашої держави через російську агресію та масштабні руйнування.

Визначено, що аналог “Плану Маршалла”, який сприяв майже повному відновлення економік європейських країн за часів після Другої світової війни, може стати базовим стартовим майданчиком для швидкого відновлення нашої держави. Цей комплексний план має передбачати відновлення зруйнованого господарства, модернізацію державних структур та максимальне прискорення розвитку України.

Проаналізовано основні фактичні та прогнозні показники щодо оцінки рівня втрат національної економіки внаслідок бойових дій на території України. Виокремлено основні етапи для успішної економічної трансформації в нашій країні, зокрема: розробка та впровадження сучасної інноваційної концепції трансформації економіки із врахуванням реально встановленої геополітичної ситуації; реалізація розробленої та погодженої вітчизняними вченими, дослідниками, науковцями та урядом стратегії відновлення та розвитку територій, які перебували під окупацією або були пошкоджені в результаті ракетних обстрілів; ідентифікація пріоритетних галузей економіки.
Investigation of the influence of electrolyte composition on the structure and properties of coatings obtained by microarc oxidation
Authors: Subbotina Valeriia , Bilozerov Valerii , Subbotin Oleksandr , Barmin Oleksandr , Hryhorieva Svitlana , Pysarska Nataliia
Published: June 2022

Aluminum alloys, along with positive properties - low density, high specific strength, electrical conductivity, ductility, viscosity and others, have disadvantages: low hardness, modulus of elasticity, wear resistance and high chemical activity in many inorganic acids.

The method of microarc oxidation (MАO) can eliminate these shortcomings. The transformation of the surface layers of the workpiece into high-temperature oxides of aluminum will strengthen the surface and increase its protective properties.

The properties of MАO coatings depend on many factors, one of which is the composition of the electrolyte. According to the literature, the most widely used alkaline-silicate electrolytes, which have shown the greatest efficiency in MАO of aluminum alloys. The data available in the literature on the use of multicomponent electrolytes containing sodium aluminate NaAlO2 and sodium hexametaphosphate Na6P6O18 do not allow to elucidate their role in the formation of MАO coatings.

Studies of the use of hexametaphosphate to alkaline silicate electrolyte have shown that Na6P6O18 promotes the formation of a thicker coating. The rate of thickness formation in the absence of hexametaphosphate is 0.5 ,7 0.7 μm / min, and at a hexametaphosphate content of 10 g / l - 0.9 ÷ 1.1 μm / min. As for the effect on the phase composition, the effect was not detected.

It was studied that the addition of aluminate-silicate electrolytes of sodium aluminate in the amount of up to 13 g / l does not have a significant effect on the thickness of the coating, but affects the phase composition of the coating.
The Modeling of growth process on the surface of crystal
Authors: Politanskyi R.L. , Gorbulik V.I. , Kogut I.T. , Vistak M.V.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to modelling the growth of thin films on the surfaces of crystals having a similar crystal structure with a small parameter of mismatch of the lattice of substances from which the film and the crystal substrate are formed. A review of modelling methods based on both analytical expressions and computational methods is made. A number of methods for modelling the most typical processes: surface formation in the form of pyramidal formations (so-called needle crystals), two-dimensional with initial islands of growth and three-dimensional uneven growth processes. To model the process of growth of needle crystals, it is proposed to use a method based on Gaussian statistics of surface height increments. The model of three-dimensional growth of the crystal surface, which uses the iterative algorithm of Foss, and which makes it possible to investigate the processes of stepped, uneven growth of crystals, is also considered. In contrast to stepwise growth, a model of submonolayer growth of a film based on the Monte Carlo method is considered. For submonolayer growth of the film, pseudo-random sequences are used, which simulate the initial arrangement of the nuclei of the nucleus of the next layer on the crystal surface. The computational characteristics of this method are determined, namely the dependence of the number of iterations on the initial surface filling coefficient.
Influence of interstitial elements (oxygen, nitrogen) on properties of zirconium alloys (review)
Authors: Trush Vasyl , Pylypenko Mykola , Stoev Petro , Tikhonovsky Mikhail , Pohrelyuk Iryna , Fedirko Viktor , Luk’yanenko Alexander , Lavrys Sergii
Published: June 2022

A review of the regularities of the influence of interstitial elements (oxygen, nitrogen) on the properties of zirconium alloys was presented. It was noted that in the scientific and technical literature dates the main attention is paid to the bulk alloying of zirconium alloys with oxygen and nitrogen at high temperatures. It was shown that zirconium with nitrogen and oxygen forms a number of stable compounds of suboxides and subnitrides. The physico-mechanical characteristics of zirconium after heat treatment under media containing both oxygen and nitrogen components on the properties of zirconium alloys were analysed.

 

Наведено літературний огляд закономірностей впливу елементів проникнення (кисню, азоту) на властивості цирконієвих сплавів. Наголошено, що у науково-технічній літературі основну увагу приділено об'ємному легуванню цирконієвих сплавів киснем та азотом. Показано, що цирконій з азотом та киснем утворює ряд стабільних сполук субоксидів та субнітридів. Наведено фізико-механічні характеристики цирконію після обробки в середовищах, що містять одночасно кисневу та азотну компоненти.
PLACER DIAMONDS OF THE EASTERN AZOV REGION
Authors: Kvasnytsya V.M.
Published: June 2022

The crystal morphology, photoluminescence behavior, nitrogen impurity concentrations and Raman spectra of diamonds from Quaternary alluvial deposits of the Eastern Azov region were studied. Macrodiamond from the Mius-Krynka river basin shown ideal rhombic dodecahedron habitus, and their geometric parameters are similar to those of rounded diamonds found in kimberlites and lamproites. The mantle temperature regime for the formation of Azovian diamonds was determined using infrared spectroscopy, the content and state of nitrogen impurities, and other defects in the crystals. Diamonds can be divided into different spectral types namely IaA, IaAB and IIa. They have low nitrogen contents from 19 to 491 ppm, with an average nitrogen content of 148 ppm and they have a relatively high degree of nitrogen aggregation (average value of % B = 33). Thermometric data for the Eastern Azov diamonds are in the range of 1097-1175 ºC for 2 billion years and 1120-1165 ºС for 3 billion years of crystals to stay in the mantle. N3, S1 and 575 nm centers are revealed in the photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements. The Raman shift for diamonds is in the range of 1331.0-1332.1 cm–1. The diamonds are probably associated with mantle eclogites, and they have been brought to Earth’s surface by kimberlites.
Association of transport time interval with neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients without return of spontaneous circulation on scene and the interaction effect according to prehospital airway management
Authors: Jang Yonghoon , Kim Tae Han , Lee Sun Young , Ro Young Sun , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do
Published: June 2022

Objective This study analyzed the association of transport time interval (TTI) with survival rate and neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and the interaction effect of TTI according to prehospital airway management.Methods A retrospective observational study based on the nationwide OHCA database from January 2013 to December 2017 was designed. Emergency medical service (EMS)-treated OHCA patients aged ≥18 years were included. TTI was categorized into four groups of quartiles (≤4, 5–7, 8–11, ≥12 minutes). The primary outcome was favorable neurologic outcome at discharge. The secondary outcome was survival to discharge from the hospital. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze outcomes according to TTI. A different effect of TTI according to the administration of prehospital EMS advanced airway was evaluated.Results In total, 83,470 patients were analyzed. Good neurologic recovery decreased as TTI increased (1.0% for TTI ≤4 minutes, 0.9% for TTI 5–7 minutes, 0.6% for TTI 8–11 minutes, and 0.5% for TTI ≥12 minutes; P for trend <0.05). The adjusted odds ratio of prolonged TTI (≥12 minutes) was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.93; P<0.01) for good neurologic recovery. However, the negative effect of prolonged TTI on neurological outcome was insignificant when advanced airway or entotracheal intubation were performed by EMS providers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–3.29; P=0.76).Conclusion EMS TTI was negatively associated with the neurologic outcome of OHCA without ROSC on scene. When advanced airway was performed on scene, TTI was insignificantly associated with the outcome.
Domainrecht
Authors: Utz Thomas
Published: June 2022

Auch wenn es kein eigenes Domaingesetz gibt, so haben doch die vielen Gerichtsurteile und vor allem die Grundsatzbeschlüsse des Bundesgerichtshofs in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten die gesetzlichen Leitplanken des Domainrechts gelegt. Dabei haben sich rechtliche Regelungen herauskristallisiert, die dabei helfen Fragen rund um die Namensfindung, Registrierung und Nutzung von Domains, also Internetadressen, vorab zu klären und Streitigkeiten vor Gericht gar nicht erst aufkommen zu lassen. Wer eine Domain anmelden möchte, muss zum Beispiel darauf achten, dass diese nicht bereits registriert ist oder eine geschützte Marke darstellt. Kommt es doch zu einem Rechtsbruch, so bedienen sich Jurist*innen im wirtschaftlichen Kontext hauptsächlich des Marken- und Wettbewerbsrechts. Bei Privatpersonen kommt in der Regel das Namensrecht des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches zum Tragen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie sich die genannten Rechte definieren und wie sie im Einzelfall Schutz bieten. Beispiele von Gerichtsverfahren ergänzen die Erläuterungen.
Nicht zu viel und nicht zu wenig
Authors: Grundtke Lisa
Published: June 2022

Für Haus-, Bachelor- und Masterarbeiten müssen während des Studiums zahlreiche Informationsquellen konsultiert werden. Heutzutage sind über Bibliothekskataloge, Datenbanken, Discoverysysteme, Repositorien und dergleichen Millionen Datensätze und Volltexte online recherchierbar. Um aus dieser Masse möglichst effizient passende Treffer zu generieren sind Recherchetechniken unerlässlich. Die wichtigsten Techniken, die universell anwendbar sind, werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.
Between resistance and collaboration: A teacher's professional activity in the Third Space
Authors: Litvinaitė Jūratė
Published: June 2022

The article proposes to examine teachers' professional activity with the help of P. Bourdieu's theory of sociology of education and the theory of postcolonialism. According to P. Bourdieu's theory, it is revealed how the teachers' habitus, acting under the pressure of external structures, reproduces a culture that ensures the continuity of the position of dominant classes. In this respect, the teacher is similar to a colonizer sent to civilize by barbarian tribes. From a postcolonial perspective, the processes of cultural imposition are disrupted as cultural resistance in the "barbarian" tribes intensifies. Rejecting the one-way cultural movement (from colonist to colonized), postcolonialism speaks of encounters in which both sides undergo cultural change. A Third Space is formed, in which a hybrid culture is created. In this sense, the teacher can no longer be seen as the conqueror of new generations. He/ she is a social agent looking for his/ her own strategies and ways of survival. Taking over Other's culture is the teacher's resistance in professional terms and collaborating with the Other's culture. Resistance and collaboration interrupt reproduction and expand the hybrid culture. It is a state of uncertainty and tension that leads to dissatisfaction with professional activities. This interpretation seeks to explain the decline in the prestige of the teaching profession and teachers' own dissatisfaction with their work, as recorded in OECD TALIS 2018 research.

Concept. P. Bourdieu states that the purpose of a school is to reproduce power relations. Teachers, using their authority, implement a culture that supports the position of the dominant class. However, various new studies show a decline in teachers' authority. The rupture of hierarchical connections in the process of culture imposition is being studied in postcolonialism. By applying the ideas of H. K. Bhabha, the modern teacher activity can be explained not as a cultural reproduction but as a teacher's constant encounters with the culture of the Other. A space where cultural encounters take place, K. H. Bhabha names the Third Space. Here a new hybrid culture emerges, and a school becomes open to otherness and diversity.
Future Primary School Teachers’ Achievement Motivation in Remote Learning Process
Authors: Stramkale Ligita
Published: June 2022

Thesis. The aim of the study was to determine the level of achievement motivation of future primary school teachers during remote learning, as well as to describe each of the study dimensions characterising the achievement motivation.
Methods. The study involved 162 (N=162) first-course students from Latvia, two of them were male. The study raised three research questions. RQ1: At what level do students assess each of the study dimensions that characterise the achievement motivation? RQ2: What factors hinder students from taking the initiative in the study process? RQ3: How do students monitor the quality of task performance? This paper defined five study dimensions to be assessed by students: initiative, persistence, quality of task performance, self-efficacy, seizing and exploiting opportunities.
Results. The study found that four of the previously mentioned dimensions were highly assessed by the students. The dimension that characterises the persistence was assessed at a medium level. The students believe that lack of time, family conditions, and full-time work accompanying their study are the most common factors that hinder learning initiatives. To monitor the quality of task performance, most students bear in mind the assessment criteria provided by the lecturer, which are used as indicators to achieve an excellent result.
Conclusion. The study concluded that the students also have a high motivation for achievement when studying remotely. In further studies, it is necessary to determine if any significant changes happen in the long run related to students’ achievement motivation when remote learning continues.
Formation of Preschoolers' Communicative Competence in the Conditions of Inclusive Education
Authors: Turko Olha , Olender Tatiana , Boyko Maria , Petryshyna Olga , Rozhko-Pavlyshyn Tetiana
Published: June 2022

Aim. The goal of the study is to describe the teacher’s corrective work on pre-schoolers’ sound pronunciation that is developed according to the children’s age, physiological and mental norms, and special educational needs.
Methods. Four children with special educational needs participated in this experimental study. We used the method of monitoring children’s speech during various activities: play, household activity and teaching (during speech therapy classes and various types of practical language classes).
Results and conclusion. Age-related features of pre-schoolers’ speech development have been identified in the study. The reasons and indicators of pre-schoolers’ speech development disorders have been described, and the ways to overcome language disorders have been found. The experimental study tested the effectiveness of articulation exercises in working with children with special educational needs in an inclusive environment, the involvement of psychologists and children’s parents to overcome speech disorders of pre-schoolers, and the use of folklore texts.
Originality. In the experimental study, we observed that riddles, proverbs, ditties, tongue twisters, fairy tales, lullabies, nursery rhymes, counting rhymes, and sayings are an effective means of phonetics and articulation work, during both the speech development classes and other classes as well as during walks.
Dario Fo: The Articulate Representative of the Inarticulate Culture
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Alam Sohaib
Published: June 2022

Aim. The proposed study examines the subversive polemics of Fo’s theatre which serves as a catalyst for social, political and cultural change. It aims to foreground the revolutionary politics of Fo who uses theatre to combat the oppressive system bringing to fore the working-class struggle for a classless society. The present study will be done with the help of the analysis of Fo’s select plays. These plays will be interpreted using the Gramscian framework of cultural consensus, an enabling provision of authority and control and the role of intellectuals in countering the same.
Concept. The paper underlines the significance of art in facilitating a deeper understanding of the complex social realities of our world. The paper engages with the question of power and control, oppression and marginalisation as well as art and education as contextualised in Dario Fo’s theatre.
Results. Fo’s use of drama to humanize the history of Italian working classes tells us about the expedience of art to enage with matters most urgent. This tells us that art and culture can be an important link in the mobilization authoritarism.
Conclusion. A comprehensive discussion on power politics is presented in the paper with the aim of keeping people informed of the subtle working of these underlying structures which govern power relations in society.
Originality. The originality of the study is contingent on investigating into how power is acquired, legitimised, practised, and maintained, how it can be resisted and what role art and artists play in the construction, dissemination and opposition of it.
Cultivating Critical Thinking in Literature Classroom Through Poetry
Authors: Azizi Mahmoud , Azizi Neshat , Lewandowska Elwira , Gosteva Yulia Nickolaevna , Majda Peter
Published: June 2022

Aim. The development of learners' CT is considered to be one of the most important skills in today’s fast pacing world.   It has also been regarded as the mainstay of and an important component of literature teaching. However, this is one of those areas that was overlooked mainly in eastern culture in general and in the EFL classrooms in particular.  

Methods. To this end, to foster learners' critical thinking skills, a poetry program was specifically designed to draw learners’ attention towards the significance of CT. Through a case study approach,  a poetry program with a focus on culture-specific information was incorporated into the course. Four female students were engaged in a number of tasks in which they gradually learned to think critically through reflecting on and evaluating the assigned poems. A checklist was generated and used to observe and rate students’ CT before and after the intervention through teacher diaries.  

Results and conclusion. Analysis of the case study data indicated that students’ CT had improved and they developed good critical habits as a result of their involvement in the intervention. Thus, it was concluded that poetry could be regarded as a useful and effective source for developing critical thinking skills among students.
History as Seen Through Postcards: A Story of the Lodz Ghetto—Total Isolation
Authors: Davidovitch Nitza , Ben Ishay Shlomit , Dorot Ruth
Published: June 2022

Thesis. This study explores the role of postcards as a historical, documentary, and artistic source depicting the events of the Holocaust, focusing on postcards written or received by inhabitants of the Lodz Ghetto. 78 postcards were translated into Hebrew and on exhibition at the Holocaust and Heroism Memorial Museum in Israel. Research indicates that the postcards served as an authentic and rare source of information as well as understanding the emotions of Jews whose lives were overshadowed by the threat of annihilation.
Methods. The study is a qualitative one, based on the grounded theory approach. Analysis is established on identifying and characterising recurrences in the raw material of findings, with a clear definition of the unit of analysis, to build a hierarchy of the recurrences and themes, and to construct a theoretical model that explains the reality under investigation. Researchers in this method gather information about the life patterns of their subjects as well as the organizational and social structures. Grounded theory assumes that all people who have shared life circumstances also have shared social and psychological patterns, which even if not consciously formulated or expressed grow from the shared experiences.
Results and conclusion. In-depth analysis reveals the historical events from the perspective of the postcard writers, as they experienced them in the ghetto. The postcards sent to the ghetto by relatives and acquaintances reveal their writers’ hopes of reuniting with their family or their extreme despair as they cope with the loss of their family.
University Students’ Reflection on Chosen Characteristics of National Populism in Slovakia
Authors: Sirotová Mariana , Michvocíková Veronika
Published: June 2022

Aim. The main aim of presented study is the exploration of university students´ reflection on chosen characteristics of national populism in Slovakia.
Methods. For the main method of the study, a quantitative approach has been used. Students studying at universities in the Slovak Republic have been addressed via a questionnaire prepared in advance. Recorded answers of sixty-seven university students studying in the Slovak Republic have been analysed via first-degree data sorting.
Results. The study has a theoretical-empirical character. In the theoretical part, there is a brief characteristic of national populism and characteristics of national-populistic tactics and strategies in Slovakia. In the empirical part, the analysis of surveyed university students´ opinions shows that most addressed university students studying at Slovak universities have not expressed a negative view of presenting the interests of the Slovak nation by political representatives.
Conclusion. The addressed university students reflect on the issue of national populism on the Slovak political scene. On the other hand, respondents lack a relevant and expert view of the issue of national populism through the optics of a university educator who would (via his/her expert opinion) help students to identify undesired national-populistic tactics and strategies. A more detailed study of university students’ opinions related to their view of national populism and its manifestations in Slovakia should be supplemented by a qualitative study, using in-depth interviews.