bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficacy of Neem extract, Aloe vera juice, and 0.2% Chlorhexidine against dental unit waterline pathogens. an In-vitro study
Authors: Kengadaran Shivashankar , D. Srisakthi. , Anusha Divvi , Prakasam Gopinath , M Kavitha. , S.K Vigneshwari.
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Nosocomial infections are caused by the retrograde spread of viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens from the hospital environment to the patients. Despite the efforts to avoid cross-infection in the dental office using sterilized instruments, individual protection equipment, and disinfection procedures, there is an increased risk of cross-infection through dental units, since one dental chair is used to treat many patients. Materials and methods: Seven strains of micro-organisms- Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, E. coli, and Legionella were taken. Neem extract, Aloe Vera Juice, and 0.2% chlorhexidine were tested against all these organisms. Sterile discs were incorporated with an equal amount of prepared formulations using a micropipette. Then these discs were placed equidistant to each other following which these plates were incubated for 24 hours. Results: Zone of inhibition was higher in chlorhexidine 12mm, 22mm, 11mm, 8mm, 18mm, 12mm, 11mm, 14mm and 15 mm followed by neem extract 7mm, no inhibition, 10mm, 7mm, 11mm, 7mm, 11mm and 9 mm and no inhibition by Aloe Vera juice against Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus Aureus, Candida albicans, E.coli and Legionella respectively. Conclusion: Results from this study have shown that chlorhexidine was most effective against dental unit waterline pathogens followed by neem extract and least by Aloe Vera juice.
Analysis of the Evolutionary pattern of SARS-CoV-2 and its implications in the spread of the disease
Authors: Sree Harsha Nagaraja , Rivas-Santisteban Juan , T Satish Roopashree , Kumar G S
Published: May 2021

Viruses are change-prone entities often used as models to study evolutionary mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 has shown a rapid adaptation to its new host, the human. In addition, it is now widely considered to be the most infectious RNA viral particle in humans, due to both efficiency in transmission mechanisms and exposure. Despite the large number of published articles that shed light on this virus, there is no analysis of the quantitative change in the ultrastructure of SARSCoV-2, although it is a useful tool for understanding the evolutionary pattern. To avoid the emergence of at least three completely different viruses, it should appear that an effective vaccine contains the diversification of the SARS-CoV-2 evolutionary tree. In addition, a greater understanding of the physicochemical characteristics acquired by each of the viral haplotypes is required. In the meantime, the following discussion is offered to update developments in this research topic and to relate them so we can answer questions that, until now, have not been addressed.
Indian medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential: An overview
Authors: Sahu Monika , Kumar Vinod , Joshi Veenu
Published: May 2021

Diabetes Mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disorder which has made it a major health threat worldwide. The available synthetic drugs for the cure of Diabetes mellitus are associated with high cost, various side effects and several limitations. Medicinal plants are the rich depots of the phytochemicals which can be useful for the treatment of chronic disorders. These plants are the better alternative to chemical drugs causing less or no harm to the body. Several plants are traditionally known for their antidiabetic properties but the detail investigation of their active molecules is required in order to be developed as therapeutic drug. Therefore, the present review aims to provide comprehensive information on various Indian medicinal plants, their constituents and mechanism of action for the cure of diabetes mellitus.
Quản trị đại học ở Hồng Kông và bài học tham khảo để phát triển giáo dục đại học Việt Nam
Authors: Trần Thanh Hương
Published: May 2021

Chất lượng giáo dục luôn là một trong những yếu tố quyết định đến vị thế và sự sống còn của các cơ sở đào tạo trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa giáo dục đại học. Bằng cách sử dụng nguồn dữ liệu thứ cấp, bài viết phân tích những đặc điểm nổi bật ở quản trị đại học Hồng Kông trong việc thực hiện chiến lược phát triển, kiểm soát chất lượng trong đào tạo để khẳng định chất lượng quốc tế. Kinh nghiệm này là nguồn tham khảo giá trị để phát triển giáo dục đại học Việt nam hiện nay.
Đo lường mức độ hài lòng của sinh viên về chất lượng dịch vụ của thư viện Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Cảnh
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đo lường mức độ hài lòng của sinh viên đối với chất lượng dịch vụ của thư viện Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp. Bằng phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá EFA, nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra được 4 nhân tố dùng để đo lường mức độ hài lòng của sinh viên như: cơ sở vật chất, năng lực của đội ngũ nhân viên, sự đáp ứng và sự tin cậy của thư viện đối với sinh viên. Kết hợp với các phương pháp thống kê mô tả, nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra tương đối rõ nét về mức độ hài lòng của sinh viên đối với chất lượng dịch vụ tại thư viện của nhà trường. Cụ thể, phần lớn các yếu tố về chất lượng dịch vụ mà thư viện Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp đang cung cấp đều đem đến sự hài lòng cho sinh viên với tỷ lệ hài lòng trên 80%. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn một số nội dung phục vụ của thư viện vẫn chưa mang đến sự hài lòng của khá nhiều sinh viên. Đây là những nội dung cần phải điều chỉnh, cải tiến để nâng cao hơn nữa chất lượng dịch vụ của thư viện góp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo của nhà trường.
Một số ý kiến góp phần xây dựng văn hóa học đường trường đại học Việt Nam dưới tác động của Luật Giáo dục 2019 (Qua tham khảo một số kinh nghiệm quốc tế)
Authors: Phan Thị Hồng Xuân
Published: May 2021

Văn hóa học đường là một bộ phận của văn hóa giáo dục do đó có vai trò rất quan trọng đối với giáo dục Việt Nam nói chung, giáo dục đại học Việt Nam nói riêng. Bài viết gồm 2 nội dung chính: (1) Yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến văn hóa học đường truyền thống trong giai đoạn hiện nay; (2) Ý kiến góp phần xây dựng văn hóa học đường trong các trường đại học Việt Nam từ kinh nghiệm quốc tế.
Giải pháp học tập theo nhóm cho sinh viên ngành Công nghệ thông tin, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp
Authors: Huỳnh Lê Uyên Minh , Nguyễn Hoàng Trung
Published: May 2021

Bài viết đã tìm hiểu thực trạng học tập theo nhóm trong sinh viên ngành Công nghệ thông tin, Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp. Trên cơ sở đó, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu và đề xuất tám nhóm giải pháp liên quan đến việc học tập theo nhóm cho sinh viên, bao gồm các giải pháp về hoạt động nhận thức, kỹ năng học tập theo nhóm, vai trò của đội ngũ nhóm trưởng, sử dụng kết hợp các hình thức học tập theo nhóm, ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin, cơ sở vật chất và phương tiện học tập, đánh giá hoạt động nhóm, thời điểm báo cáo bài nhóm. Qua đó giúp cho sinh viên có thể học tập theo nhóm được tốt hơn và phát triển các kỹ năng cần thiết, đồng thời củng cố và góp phần nâng cao chất lượng học tập, đáp ứng yêu cầu đào tạo của ngành.
Modeling of Properties and SI Engine Pollution of Associated Petroleum Gas in Iraq
Authors: Ali Eiman
Published: May 2021

Modeling and simulation of process performance has been conducted around the use of theIraqi associated petroleum gas as fuel for the spark-ignition engine. The study included astatistical evaluation of the effect of each component on the total properties of the gas.Finally, the gas was tested as a possible fuel for the spark-ignition engine from theemission point of view. This was done numerically using commercial software wellestablished and verified for modeling the operation and performance of spark-ignitionengines.The study was conducted on Ricardo E6/T variable compression ratio engine. The range ofthe speed studied was 1000-3000 rpm and was limited to a lean range 0.8-0.95. It was alsofound that the presence of Methane in higher quantity helped in improving the calorificvalue (on a mass basis) but at the cost of gas density. The presence of higher carbon valuegasses did not help improve the fuel heating value.The highest negative impact on the heating value is CO, H2S, and C2H6 respectively. Thestudy also showed that the associated gas can be used as a fuel after removing sulfur fromit.
Karst feature in Mishrif Reservoir and effect on drilling and production in Zubair oil field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Almalikee Hussein Saeed , Almayyahi Hayder Kadhim , Al-Jafar Methaq Khazal
Published: May 2021

Karst features in the upper part of Mishrif carbonate reservoir can commonly create substantial vugs, pores and fissures and, thus, increasing the porosity and enhancing reservoir connectivity and permeability, this features were formed normally as a result of the carbonate rocks dissolution under the action of meteoric waters during very long periods of emersion spanning from Late Cenomanian to Turonian (about 4.5 Million years). This study deals with the presence of the karst features in Zubair oil field, southern Iraq, where Karst features were observed in the center and northern parts of the field close to the top of Mishrif Formation in most of the cored wells. Characterization of that feature can be achieved from static data at wellbore scale from core, and logs (conventional and non-conventional), and dynamic data such as mud losses, well tests combined with production logs (PLT) in addition to Seismic data. Beside the positive and economic effect of Karst, there is negative effect which includes causing mud losses during drilling in Mishrif Formation because of low reservoir pore pressure, Therefore, acid soluble cement plugs were used to heal that losses to continue drilling.
Synergistic effect of hydrophilic nanoparticles and anionic surfactant on the stability and viscoelastic properties of oil in water (o/w) emulations; application for enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
Authors: Al-Anssari Sarmad , Arain Zain-UL-Abedin , Shanshool Haider Abbas , Keshavarz Alireza , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad
Published: May 2021

With the rapidly increased global energy demand, great attention has been focused on utilizing nanotechnology and particularly nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) to produce more oil from low-productivity oil reservoirs. Nanofluid flooding has introduced as one of the promising methods for enhanced oil recovery using environment-friendly nanoparticles (NPs) to be as an innovative-alternative for chemical methods of EOR. This work investigates the synergistic effects of anionic surfactant and hydrophilic silica nanoparticles on the stability and the mechanical behavior of oil in water (O/W) emulsions for their application in EOR.

To achieve this, an extensive series of experiments were conducted at a wide range of temperatures (23 – 70 °C) and ambient pressure to systematically evaluate the stability and the viscoelastic properties of the oil in water (O/W) emulsion with the presence of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and an anionic surfactant. In this context, the initial oil to water volume ratio was 25:75. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) was used as the anionic surfactant and n-decane was used as model oil. A wide concentration ranges of NPs (0.01 – 0.2 wt%) and surfactant (0.1 – 0.3 wt%) were used to formulate different emulsions. For stability measurements, a dynamic light scattering and zetasizer were used to measure the particle size distribution and zeta potential respectively. Creaming and phase behaviors were also investigated. The viscoelastic measurements were conducted using Discovery Hybrid Rheometer.     

Results show that in the presence of surfactant, and NPs mitigates the coalescence of dispersed oil droplets giving high promises in EOR applications. Further, over the tested range of temperatures, the viscosity of O/W emulsion remains stable which indicates thermal stability.

Despite studies examining the use of nanoparticle-surfactant combination in sub-surface applications, no reported data is currently available, to the best of our knowledge, about the potential synergistic effect of this combination on the stability and viscoelastic properties of O/W emulsion. This study gives the first insight on nanoparticle-surfactant synergistic effect on oil in water (O/W) emulsion for EOR applications.
Oil And Gas Generation History Based On Burial History Reconstruction And Thermal Maturity Modeling Of Petroleum Systems In Northern Iraq
Authors: Abdula Rzger Abdulkarim
Published: May 2021

Burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon generation were modeled for five key source-rock horizons at five locations in Northern Iraq. Constructed burial-history locations from east to west in the region are: Taq Taq-1; Qara Chugh-2; Zab-1; Guwair-2; and Shaikhan-2 wells. Generally, the thermal maturity status of the burial history sites based on increasing thermal maturity is Shaikhan-2 < Zab-1 < Guwair-2 < Qara Chugh-2 < Taq Taq-1. In well Qara Chugh-2, oil generation from Type-IIS kerogen in Geli Khana Formation started in the Late Cretaceous. Gas generation occurred at Qara Chugh-2 from Geli Khana Formation in the Late Miocene. The Kurra Chine Formation entered oil generation window at Guwair-2 and Shaikhan-2 at 64 Ma and 46 Ma, respectively. At Zab-1, the Baluti Formation started to generate gas at 120 Ma. The Butmah /Sarki reached peak oil generation at 45 Ma at Taq Taq-1. The main source rock in the area, Sargelu Formation started to generate oil at 47, 51, 33, 28, and 28 Ma at Taq Taq-1, Guwair-2, Shaikhan-2, Qara Chugh-2, and Zab-1, respectively. The results of the models demonstrated that peak petroleum generation from the Jurassic oil- and gas-prone source rocks in the most profound parts of the studied area occurred from Late Cretaceous to Middle Oligocene. At all localities, the Sargelu Formation is still within the oil window apart from Taq Taq-1 and Qara Chugh-2 where it is in the oil cracking and gas generation phase.
New 3,3'-((4-Aryl) methylene)bis(4-hydroxy-2H chromen 2- one) (MHO) derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitor
Authors: Al-Majedy Yasameen K. , Ibraheem Hiba H. , Jasem Ali , Al-Amiery Ahmed A.
Published: May 2021

New green natural particles as corrosion inhibitor namely, macromolecules were incorporated beginning from 4-hydroxycoumarin with 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of glacial acid (1) then synthesis with methyl bromoacetate after that this compound (2) used to synthesis of 2,2'-(3,3'-((4-nitrophenyl)methylene)bis(2-oxo-2H-chromene-4,3 diyl))bis(oxy)diacetohydrazide (3) when was refluxed with hydrazine hydrate when compound(2) refluxed with HCl to obtain compound (4)  and tested all the synthesis compounds on mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl, 1M H2SO4 media by a weight loss method and identification of the surface technique employee scanning/electron/microscope (SEM) studies. The weight loss investigation demonstrated that inhibition performances have been improved via concentration raising of inhibitor. To support our results scanning electron microscopy was employed to clarify the surface of the MS with and without synthesis compounds in 1.0 M HCl and1.0M H2SO4 media.
Mimicking the Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Demulsification Process in Power Plants for Preparing a New Demulsifiers
Authors: Hamdy Faris Moayed Ahmed , Raouf Abdullatif Mohammed , Esmael Israa Abdulsatar , Thuaban Laith Hamza , Ibraheem Nadia Fakhry , Yas Hiba Mahmoud , Ali Maher Talib , Salman Zakya Salah Al Deen , Jabir Najim Abd Alhusain , Yousif Tamadhir Neama
Published: May 2021

Water–in–oil emulsions are a big challenge in the production and processing of crude oil due to its bad influence on the fundamental and practical aspects of industrial facilities. Researches for decades gave this phenomena a great deal in the planning to construct power plants, refineries, oil companies and other industrial facilities that uses crude oil as a raw material. In order to overcome the disadvantages and hazards of water–in–oil emulsions researchers used chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical methods individually or in combination. The chemical method has gained the main interest due to its ease of use and economic feasibility. Demulsifiers have been used extensively to solve the problem of water in oil emulsions. The choice of using the right combination of chemicals had been reached after studying many factors such as cost and safety. This research addresses many fundamental and practical aspects regarding demulsifiers and oil demulsification aiming to find the best selection of chemicals that can be used to treat crude oil before using, refining or transporting it. The crude oil in this research had been demulsified and tested by the spectroil test method while the bottle test method had not been used to mimic the demulsification process used in power plant. The work was carried out using two types of oil, crude oil (containing 7 ppm Na and K salts concentration) and heavy fuel oil HFO (containing 12 ppm Na and K salts concentration). The crude oil samples were taken from Al – Hilla 2 power plant while the HFO samples were taken from South Baghdad 2 power plant. The results showed that the water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility that used as a demulsifiers like the acrylic derivatives gave the best demulsification when using more wash water percentage. While the combination of water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility and oil soluble chemicals gave the best results in treating heavy fuel oil while using less wash water percentage.
Design and CFD Simulation of Knockout Drum
Authors: Ali Yazen Munaf , Saleh Dr Saad Nahi , Ayash Wameed Abdulhassan , Ghani Saramd Zaki , Salih Sudad Adil
Published: May 2021

Recently, the emission of black smoke over local area of Basra Oil Company from flare system represents a big problem facing the company and causing huge pollution in the surrounding environment. The main reason of emission black smoke is carryover of droplets of the rest hydrocarbons such as condensate and droplets of crude oil by gases which are came from degassing stations facility in the north Rumelia field, southern Iraq.  In this study, a design methodology was developed for designing the knockout drum, and different design criteria were used in sizing and selecting the drum based on the specification of the inlet fluid mixture. Three designs of knockout drums with respect to the gas conditions were performed. The horizontal knockout drum with a diameter of 2.5 m and length of 5.5 m was simulated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model (ANSYS FLUENT 15.0). The CFD model predicted very well the two-phase flow behavior and proved the need for a vortex breaker at the liquid outlet. The CFD simulation revealed quantitatively that the design configuration of the knockout drum performed the separation of condensate droplets from natural gas with excellent efficiency.
Tectonic Evolution of Southern part of the Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin
Authors: Al-Shahwan Dr. Muwafaq F. , Al-Najm Dr. Fahad M.
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the tectonic evolution of the southern part of the MesopotamianForedeep basin. Subsidence and sedimentation rates were calculated for six oil wellsdistributed on the tectonic subzones of the sedimentary basin through the use of restoredthickness rates according to Backstripping Method for Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences. Theconsequence of this study indicates the subsidence and sedimentation rates changing verticallyand laterally through geologic time. As shown, the sequences of Albain subcycle are widesubsidence and sedimentation rates especially for the Mauddud Formation at the Am-1wellwhich located in the eastern part of the sedimentary basin (Tigris subzone), as well as for thesequences of Cenomanian-Early Turonian subcycle especially for the Ahmadi and Mishrifformations were increase in subsidence and sedimentation rate toward (Am-2 and Mj-3) wells.Both wells located within the Tigris and the eastern part of Zubair subzone. This is inaccordance with the closure of the South Tethys Sea because of the influences of the Austrianand Subhersynian orogenies. Three unconformity surfaces determine clearly in the depositinalbasin of incompatibility during the Early Turonian, Danian and Oligocene epochs. Thoseunconformities affects all tectonic subzones except for the Am-1well where it was notinfluences by the unconformity during the Oligocene epoch. The subsidence and sedimentationprocess continued at high rates, reflecting the large thickness of the eastern part of the basin inthe Tigris subzone area. Sedimentation rates augment significantly at the well (AG-19), whichindicates the effect of faults on the Tigris subzone. This affects the degree of maturation andthe source of hydrocarbons in the sedimentary basin.
معالجة المياه الملوثة بالنويدات المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (NORM) في الصناعة النفطية (جنوب العراق)
Authors: البخات Dr. yousif mohsen , الحمداني Haider kamel , خزعل Hameed harbbi
Published: May 2021

تم استخدام اختبار الدفعةBatch Experiment  لإزالة المواد المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (نظائر Ac-228, Pb-214, Bi-214, Pb-212, K-40) من المياه الملوثة الناتجة عن الصناعة النفطية (محطات عزل الغاز في حقل الرميلة الجنوبي/ محافظة البصرة) باستخدام مسحوق البنتونايت. أجريت عدة اختبارات في هذه التجربة لإزالة النظائر المشعة من المياه الملوثة بإضافة كميات مختلفة من البنتونايت الى المياه الملوثة، مع تثبيت بقية ظروف التجربة كزمن الخلط, الدالة الحامضية، حجم المحلول، سرعة الخلط. تم قياس تراكيز النظائر المشعة في المحلول قبل وبعد المعالجة باستخدام منظومة قياس أطياف أشعة كاما. اظهرت التجارب بأن كفاءة الإزالة للنظائر المشعة تصل الى 97.5 % باستخدام البنتونايت.

 

بينت النتائج االمستحصلة من هذه الدراسة، إمكانية استخدام البنتونايت لتقليل تراكيز النظائر المشعة طبيعية المنشأ (NORM) من المياه الملوثة الناتجة عن الصناعة النفطية
Optimization of Ethylene Refrigeration System Using Genetic Algorithms Method
Authors: Al-Hemeri Dr. Shurooq Talib , Yousif Dr. Mumtaz A. , AL Barifcani Dr. Ahmed M.
Published: May 2021

Ethylene refrigeration for gases separation at low temperature and high pressure for olefin production is an important technique in the chemical industry. Since small changes in the operating conditions of such a process can have a significant influence on its economics, optimization is desirable. The present work was aimed to propose and establish a mathematical model for the ethylene refrigeration system of the ethylene plant in Basrah petrochemical complex NO.1 (PC1) and reformulated as a geometric programming problem using Visual Basic for predicting:- (overall efficiency of the ethylene refrigeration system {% }and percent of energy saving %E). Through the formulated model shaft work consumption by the centrifugal compressor, refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of the system were obtained and other parameters concerning the system. The results of simulation showed a good agreement with the manufacturer manual.In this study the effect of four factors as independent variables on the overall refrigeration system efficiency and percent of energy saving were studied ;evaporator low pressure (PL) in the range of (1-3)bar ,compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) in the range of ( 28-32)bar ,condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) in the range of (6-22)0C and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) in the range of (1-5)0C. And the optimum conditions that aimed to minimize the thermodynamic irreversibility i.e (maximize overall refrigeration system efficiency) and also lower operating cost i.e (maximize percent of energy saving) evaporator low pressure (PL) (2.8 bar), compressor discharge high pressure (Ph) (28.7 bar), condenser degree of sub-cool temperature (Tsub-D) (190C), and evaporator degree of superheat temperature (Tsup-D) (3.40C). At these conditions the overall refrigeration system efficiency is (81.8%) and   percent of energy saving is 51.18% with respect to conditions in the factory.
Selection of Optimum Permeability Estimation Approach in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Bagheri Ali Mohammad , Saemi Mohsen
Published: May 2021

Determination of permeability is an essential component of reservoir characterization process which is among the key input parameters into a flow simulation models. Permeability modeling in carbonate reservoirs is still a challenge in the world. Permeability is directly determined in the laboratory from core analysis. Alternatively, it can be determined by analyzing well test or well logs. Due to high cost associated with coring and some technical problems, few wells in any given field are cored whereas most wells have wire-line logs.

In this study detailed core analysis data including core porosity and core permeability supplemented by well logs and well test data to predict a continuous log derived permeability in un-cored wells in a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in south west of Iran. The Mishrif reservoir in the studied field consists of limestone and interbedded shale. The field has 3 wells that have recovered cores.  Permeability prediction was applied by several methods including: fuzzy logic, neural networks, clustering, empirical methods and regression analysis. These different methods were used to determine the optimal approach for utilizing in the field under study. To test the permeability prediction, the techniques were calibrated in 2 cored wells and blind tested in remaining cored well to see how well estimated permeability fitted the actual core permeability. Among all permeability modeling methods applied in the field, it turned out that electrofacies method and after that artificial neural network have the highest degree of association. Fuzzy logic and regression techniques are average in modeling permeability and empirical methods are not capable for predicting permeability in studied heterogeneous carbonate reservoir. The core analysis from 3 cored-wells was applied to determine permeability in 51 un-cored wells.
Catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil by using the aerosol nanocatalysis on new modification catalyst WO3/Si-Zr
Authors: Mahdi Hashim Ali , Abbas Abdulrahman Khudhur , Sregey Kudryavtsev
Published: May 2021

Ukrainian scientists have formulated a new direction in the technology of gas-phase chemical processes – it was called the aerosol nanocatalysis(AnC).The purpose of this research is development of the theoretical foundations of technology aerosol nanocatalysis in the cracking of vacuum gas oil with the use of technology in aerosol nanocatalysis vibration layer of the catalyst system to obtain gasoline and diesel fraction The temperature in the new process is at 250Cº lower than in industrial cracking process , and the amount of catalyst is reduced to a concentration of 2.38 g/m3 reactor . the WO3/Si-Zr – catalyst at conditions of the new technology displayed higher than 99 % of selectivity of light products formation.
Iraq Crude Oil Exports, Crude oil production rates and crude discharge, Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for January, February, March /2016
Authors: SOMO Ministry of Oil / Oil Marketing Company
Published: May 2021

Table 1. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – January 2016 Table 2. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – February 2016Table 3. Iraq Crude Oil Exports – March 2016Table 4. Crude oil production rates and crude discharge for January/ 2016Table 5. Oil Production Rates for January/2016Table 6. Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for January /2016Table 7 crude oil production rates and crude discharge for February / 2016Table 8 Oil Production Rates for February /2016 Table 9 Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for February / 2016Table 10. Crude oil production rates and crude discharge for March / 2016Table 11. Oil Production Rates for March /2016Table 12.Gas Production Activities, Types of Oils and Asphalt for March / 2016
A Comparison of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester and Diesel Sprays Behavior and Atomization Characteristics
Authors: Jasim Noor Mohsin
Published: May 2021

The present numerical study compares between spray characteristics of diesel and soybean oil methyl ester (SME biodiesel) under non-evaporating sprays. The spray structure of diesel and biodiesel fuel (soybean oil) in a common rail injection system are investigated and compared with that of available experimental data used image processing and atomization performance analysis. The proposed approach for the liquid phase, which based on the sprays’ statistical properties, is used to present the gas and liquid phases in an Eulerian-Eulerian approach. The main concept for this model is the possibility of describing a poly disperses spray by using moments of a drop number size distribution function. The main reason for less spray tip penetration in the (SME) comparing with diesel because a larger droplet diameters is the higher density, surface tension and viscosity of (SME). The fuel properties effect on the near nozzle structure is studied. The comparisons are referring that the spray drag, breakup and collision processes are promoted.
Male breast cancer: Report of 2 cases
Authors:   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Bednarczyk Adam , Kowalski Grzegorz ,   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Buła Grzegorz ,   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Niedzielski Zbigniew ,   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Gawrychowska Agata ,   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Gawrychowski Jacek ,   Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Published: May 2021

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare neoplasm and diagnosed in less than 1% of all malignant tumors [1]. It also accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancers. It has been estimated that it affects around 1/100000 men per year [2]. However, the frequency of diagnosed MBC has been steadily increasing over past few decades [3]. The risk of developing breast cancer in men within a population is about 125 lower when compared to breast cancer in women [4]. The male breast cancer may also appear bilaterally, although it is extremely rare (0,5-2,5% of all MBC) [5]. There is a lack of research based on large groups of patients of prospective studies due to the rare occurrence of male breast cancer, hence each study seems to increase the knowledge on this subject matter. The two cases of patients described by us are part of the discussion.
Urinoma: Saviour of beleaguered kidney
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Urology, IGMC, Shimla HP, India, Kumar Manjeet , Chand Mehar ,   Senior Resident, Department of Radiology, IGMC, Shimla, India, Chauhan Sanjeev ,   Junior Resident, Department of Surgery, IGMC Shimla, HP, India, Kumar Sunil ,   Senior resident, Department of Urology, IGMC Shimla HP, India, Rana Kirti ,   Junior Resident, Department of Surgery, IGMC Shimla, HP, India
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Spontaneous extravasation of urine due to High Pressure Chronic Retention is a rare entity. Most cases of urinoma are secondary to ureteric calculi. We present a case of left spontaneous perinephric urinoma with right hydroureteronephrosis with high pressure chronic retentiondue to benign enlargement of prostate. Summary: A 70 years male, with no comorbid illness, presented with left flank pain with overflow incontinence. On radiological evaluation, he was found to have distended urinary bladder, with right hydrouretronephrosis and left perinephric collection. Renal function tests were deranged. Patient was managed with per urethral catheter placement, antibiotics and ultrasound guided aspiration. Retention volume was more than one litre. Creatinine content of aspirated fluid was ten times higher to serum creatinine. Transurethral resection of prostate was done. The patient voided well after surgery. The urinoma resolved completely in 2 weeks. Follow up Contrast study revealed preserved left renal function; however the right hydroureteronephrotic kidney shrank in size. Conclusion: Spontaneous perinephric urinoma formation due to High pressure chronic retention was a blessing in disguise for the patient. It saved the affected kidney from getting knocked out. The other side hydroureternephrotic kidney suffered anatomical and functional loss.
Lingual swelling: A clinical conundrum
Authors:   Department of ENT, AJIMS, Mangalore, India, Bhandary Rukma , S Poojitha ,   Department of ENT, AJIMS, Mangalore, India
Published: May 2021

Swelling of the tongue usually pose a clinical dilemma, especially when presenting at an early age. Growths from all of these heterogeneous components may occur resulting in a wide variation in clinical features and behaviour, ranging from self-limiting to aggressive lesions. Here we present a case of a 9 year old female child, with complaints of swelling over the tongue and floor of mouth. She previously had a similar lesion at the age of 1 year, which was diagnosed to be a hamartoma. The aim of this study is to discuss how to proceed regarding the further management.
Successfully stented aortoiliac occlusive disease that has multi-level crossing channels in occluded terminal aorta
Authors:   Department of Cardiology, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Japan, Yamamoto Hiroaki , Hayashi Minato ,   Department of Cardiology, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Japan, Sakaguchi Ryosuke ,   Department of Cardiology, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Japan, Itamoto Chieko ,   Department of Cardiology, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Japan, Kohno Tsunesuke ,   Department of Cardiology, Nagano Chuo Hospital, Japan
Published: May 2021

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AOID) usually occurs as atherothrombotic stenosis or occlusion extending from the terminal aorta to the level of bilateral common iliac arteries. We experienced a young male case who had a history of five years of claudication with a tiny toe ulcer. The angiogram showed severely stenotic terminal aorta with two intraplaque collaterals in a multilevel crossing fashion that runs horizontally and vertically. With the careful endovascular procedure, we successfully implanted two stents in the lesion. As there are few reports that described such interesting channels, we presented the case in this article.
Sistem Informasi Penyusunan Jadwal Mata Pelajaran Menggunakan Metode Ant Colony Pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawi
Authors: Romdoni Mochammad Rizki
Published: May 2021

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang merupakan sebuah lembaga yang bergerak di dalam bidang pendidikan. Pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang terdapat penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran yang masih menggunakan cara manual dan memakan waktu yang cukup lama ketika pihak waka kurikulum melakukan sebuah penyusunan jadwal . Dengan alasan di atas maka penulis mencoba untuk membuat suatu sistem informasi penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran menggunakan metode ant colony  yang terkomputerisasi dengan tempat penyimpanan database yang terstruktur, sehingga nantinya dapat membantu Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang dalam penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran yang efektif dan efisien. Penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang diimplementasikan berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Borland Delphi 7 dan basis datanya menggunakan Microsoft Accsess 2007. Sistem Informasi Penyusunan Jadwal Mata Pelajaran Menggunakan Metode Ant Colony pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang ini merupakan sistem untuk membantu pihak waka kurikulum Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta Maitreyawira Tanjungpinang dalam melakukan proses penyusunan jadwal mata pelajaran.
Penerapan Intelegensi Buatan Dengan Algoritma Negamax pada Aplikasi Permainan Deret Lima
Authors: Salmon Ridwanto , Imron Nugraha  , Saharudin
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat, termasuk perkembangan di dunia hiburan digital dalam hal ini perkembangan permainan berbasis komputer. intelegensia buatan adalah merupakan bagian dari kemajuan teknologi itu sendiri yang membuat mesin atau komputer dapat melakukan pekerjaan seperti dan sebaik manusia dimana komputer dapat berfikir selayaknya manusia, dalam dunia permainan komputer pun demikian, komputer dapat berpikir selayaknya manusia dalam melakukan permainan. Permainan deret lima yang menerapkan perkembangan teknologi permainan digital berbasis komputer dengan menggunakan Intelegensi buatan dengan algoritma negamax membentuk komputer dapat bermain, berpikir selayaknya manusia dalam menyusun bola berderet sebanyak lima buah secara horizontal, vertikal, maupun diagonal dimana komputer dapat mengalahkan manusia dalam bermain. Permainan deret lima merupakan tipe permainan simetris, yang menggunakan papan berpetak dalam permainannya. Pemain akan menyusun bola berwarna putih dan hitam sebanyak lima buah secara berderet baik horizontal, vertikal, maupun diagonal di papan permainan. Pemain yang terlebih dahulu dapat menyusun bola itu yang memenangkan permainan.
Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan M-Banking dan Internet Banking Terhadap Kepuasan Nasabah PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Cabang Tanjungpinang
Authors: Romdoni Mochammad Rizki , Nurul Saepul  , Ratna Lia Usmanti
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model umum system simulasi dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan nasabah PT.Bank Negara Indonesia (persero) tbk. Tanjungpinang melalui layanan e-banking dan internet banking serta menghasilkan scenario terbaik yang dapat digunakan oleh pembuat kebijakan dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan nasabah PT.Bank Negara Indonesia (persero) tbk. Tanjungpinang melalui kualitas layanan internet banking. Dimensi kualitas layanan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dimensi efficiency, reliability, responsiveness, privacy, security dan fulfillment. Pengembangan dan simulasi model dalam penelitian ini menggunakan system dinamik. Sistem dinamik merepresentasikan dunia nyata dalam bentuk stok, aliran antar stok, dan informasi yang menentukan nilai dari aliran. Model system dinamik dalam penelitian ini menggambarkan hubungan kualitas layanan internet banking terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah bank. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan internet banking berperan penting dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah bank. Dengan meningkatkan nilai dimensi kualitas layanan sebesar 80% untuk setiap dimensi maka kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah akan meningkat sehingga akan meningkat kanpendapatandan profit bank. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas nasabah maka semua dimensi kualitas layanan internet banking harus ditingkatkan seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah pengguna dan jumlah transaksi internet banking.
Time of sowing affect the yield attributes, yield and Economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors:   1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gaya, 1Krishi Vigyan Kendra Aurangabad Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Singh Rajeev , . Nityanand , Mandol Devendar , Hussain Zakir
Published: May 2021

The field experiment was carried out at KrishiVigyan Kendra, Aurangabad and at farmers’ field during rabi seasons of 2013-14 and 2014-15, to response of time of sowing affect the yield attributes, Yield and Economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 4date of sowing i.e5th November, 15th November 25th November, 5thDecemberin a total of five replications duringrabi 2013-14 and 2014-15. Significantly maximum grain yield (44.64 q/ha) recorded with wheat sown at 5th November being at par with 15th November both were significantly more over 25th November and 5th December. 6.13%, 3.70% more grain yield recorded with at 5th November and 15th November produces over sowing of wheat at 25th November and 33.65% and30.59% more grain yield over 5th December, respectively. Sowing of wheat at 5th November produced more straw yield (52.90q/ha) being at par with 15th November and they were significantly more over 25th November and 5th December. Straw yield recorded 8.49%, 7.51% more with at 5th November and 15th November produces more straw yield over 25th November and 15.96% and14.91% more straw yield over 5th December Sowing of wheat. Significantly highest B-C ratio was also recorded with 5thNovember and statically at par with 15th November over 25th November and 5th December. Highest return 6.13 and 3.71% & by 33.65% & 30.60%, respectively higher returns by were recorded when wheat sown at 5th November and 15th November over 25th November and 5th December respectively.
Peran Perceived Effectiveness of Escrow Services terhadap Satisfaction dan Trust pada E-Commerce di Indonesia
Authors: Kusumawati Ratna Dewi , Aulawi Hanif
Published: May 2021

Keadaan pandemi COVID-19 mendorong masyarakat untuk berbelanja dari rumah dengan menggunakan e-commerce. Faktor kepuasan dan kepercayaan konsumen merupakan dua faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan penetrasi e-commerce. Guna meningkatkan kepercayaan dan kepuasan konsumen, pengelola e-commerce menawarkan jasa escrow dalam memproses pembayaran yang dilakukan pada platform e-commerce. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non-probability dengan mengumpulkan data melalui kuisioner dan analisis data menggunakan metode moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan yang dirasakan oleh responden terhadap pembelian sebelumnya dapat mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen terhadap penjual. Variabel perceived effectiveness of escrow services mampu memoderasi hubungan antara variabel kepuasan dan kepercayaan.
The Impact of Nontariff Trade Policy of European Union Crude Palm Oil Import on Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Rest of the World Economy: An Analysis in GTAP Framework
Authors: Pratama Rozy A. , Widodo Tri
Published: May 2021

Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world vegetable oil market. Palm oil and its derivative products are the highest contributors to foreign exchange in 2018. This study aims to analyze the impact of the European Union import non-tariff trade policies on the Indonesian and Malaysian economies The analysis uses the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of world trade on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) program. The results of this study found that the non-tariff import policy by the European Union had a negative impact on the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia. Moreover, the policy also has a negative impact on countries in Southeast Asia and the European Union. This shows that the enactment of non-tariff import trade policies for Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil products has a global impact.
Dampak Perkembangan Uang Elektronik terhadap Efektivitas Kebijakan Moneter di Indonesia
Authors: Qori'ah Ciplis Gema , Indrawati Yulia , Wardhono Adhitya , Nasir M. Abd.
Published: May 2021

Pertumbuhan penggunaan uang elektronik mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, terlihat dari volume, nilai transaksi, dan preferensi masyarakat yang makin meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perkembangan uang elektronik terhadap efektivitas kebijakan moneter di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural CointegratingVector Autoregressive (SCVAR) dengan periode observasi 2009.1–2019.12. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa uang elektronik tidak menimbulkan dampak inflasioner, baik dalam jangka panjang dan pendek. Instrumen suku bunga cukup efektif dalam mengendalikan kecepatan perputaran uang elektronik. Kenaikan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang dan pendek tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap kenaikan transaksi uang elektronik. Begitu pula kenaikan transaksi uang elektronik dalam jangka panjang belum mampu diikuti oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi. Uang elektronik tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap kredit dalam jangka pendek, tetapi dalam jangka panjang potensi kenaikan kredit diikuti oleh meningkatnya transaksi secara digital.
Pemetaan Kemiskinan Melalui Pendekatan Geographically Weighted Lasso
Authors: Bangun Rita Herawaty Br , Meimela Aida
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemiskinan menurut variasi wilayah dengan pendekatan spasial melalui penerapan metode Geographically Weighted Lasso (GWL). Studi kasus yang diambil adalah Sumatera Utara, salah satu provinsi dengan tingkat kemiskinan tertinggi di Indonesia. Data penelitian bersifat sekunder yang berasal dari publikasi dan laman BPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode GWL mampu mengatasi multikolinieritas lokal dan heterogenitas data spasial. Sebesar 85,93 persen kemiskinan di Sumatera Utara dapat dijelaskan oleh seluruh variabel prediktor. Variabel yang signifikan adalah persentase rumah tangga dengan luas lantai kurang dari 8 m2, tingkat setengah pengangguran, dan persentase pekerja informal. Pemodelan kemiskinan dengan metode GWL mampu meningkatkan ketepatan estimasi parameter sehingga program pengentasan kemiskinan di Sumatera Utara akan lebih efektif jika disesuaikan dengan karateristikmasing-masing daerah.
The Impact of Professional Learning Communities on English Teacher Belief Change
Authors: Song Zhanwen , Oladele Ogunniran Moses
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to examine the impact of professional learning communities on English teacher belief change with English teachers in Hospitality Institute of Sanya as a case study. The study proffered answers to magnitudes at which professional learning communities motivate English teacher belief change in Hospitality Institute of Sanya, the characteristics of professional learning communities that affect English teacher belief change in Hospitality Institute of Sanya, and the belief changes that were experienced by English teachers in Hospitality Institute of Sanya. The study adopted a qualitative research design that used structured interviews with (fifteen) 15 English teachers as participants for the study. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that most participants had the right perspectives of their communities through the professional learning communities, which exert positive effects on English teacher belief change. Reflective dialog, feedback among teachers, collaborative activity, a shared sense of purpose, and collective focus on students' learning were found out to be the major characteristics of professional learning communities that affected English teacher belief change in Hospitality Institute of Sanya. The study recommended that teacher belief change needs to be monitored by the institution's authority, going by the nature of the activities that go on in the institution.
Towards a non-arbitrary account of affricates and affrication
Authors: Pöchtrager Markus A.
Published: May 2021

This article presents a novel account of affricates/affrication and palatalisation (and their interrelationship) in Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, and Québec French, as well as English and Korean, within a further development of Government Phonology. Several properties of those two phenomena follow from independently established assumptions of the theory, in particular on the internal structure of obstruents, the nature of coronality, the representation of vowel height, and the asymmetric behaviour of the elements I and U. Stopness is argued to be encoded structurally, as a relationship between two positions, and that relationship is broken up by the palatalising effect of the element I, the result of which is affrication. The conditions under which this happens fall in line with well-known properties of the triggers.