bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Life and Death of the Manghit Qarachi-bek, Divei
Authors:   Mari State University, Bakhtin Alexander G.
Published: June 2021

Research objectives: To trace the fate of the sixteenth-century aristocrats from the Mansur kin of the Crimean Manghits, namely the brothers Baki, Khoja-Akhmed, Ak-Bibi, and Divei. To identify their role in political events in Eastern Europe and to establish the circumstances of the capture, stay in captivity, and the death of Divei – the most famous of these brothers. Research materials: Chronicles, Razriad books, diplomatic documents, folklore, and secondary materials of historical research. Results and novelty of the research: The author traced the fate of the brothers from the noble Maghit kin of Mansur, namely Baki, Khoja-Akhmed, Ak-Bibi and Divei, three of whom became Qarachi-beks in Crimea. They participated in the political life of Crimea, the Nogai Horde, Astrakhan, Azov, the Russian state, Hungary, and Iran. Prince Divei was a typical steppe bagatur, a seeker of fame and fortune, as well as an active enemy of the Russian State. He repeatedly raided the Russian lands and displayed outstanding abilities as a commander. He was aggressive, brave, determined, and cruel. In 1572, he commanded the Crimean troops in the Battle of Molodino and was captured by the Russians. The capture of their commander was one of the reasons for the defeat of the Crimeans. This event once more saved the Russian state from external dependence. Devlet-Girei Khan made considerable efforts to free the Qarachi-bek during the battle, but these were in vain. Attempts to redeem or exchange the prisoner were likewise in vain. Ivan the Terrible was aware of the threat posed by this figure and did not want to free his noble prisoner. In 1576, the death of Prince Divei was announced in Moscow. Historiography calls into question his death in 1575. There is an opinion that Divei was baptized and entered the service of Ivan the Ter­rible under the name of Daniil-murza. In this article, the author contends that those historians who compared Divei with Daniil-murza approached the issue superficially, not considering all the sources, and therefore came to the wrong conclusions. These began to be repeated in subsequent publications. Prince Divei and Daniil-murza were different persons. Divei did not agree to accept Orthodoxy and was executed. The elimination of the famous military leader from its political life contributed to a decrease in the aggression of the Crimean Khanate towards Russia as well as the destabilization of the political situation in Crimea.
Khan’s Decree on the Appointment of the Mufti: Muslims under the Rule of the Volga Kalmyks
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, Mustakimov Ilyas A. ,   National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, Khannanova Gul’chira M. ,   G.Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2021

Research objectives: This article is dedicated to preliminarily research and the publication of the decree of the Kalmyk ruler, Donduk-Dashi Khan (r. 1741–1761), assigning to Mustafa Hajji the position of the mufti of the Muslims – people which were dependent on Donduk-Dashi Khan – as well as the position of the qadi and zaisang of the Nogays. Research materials: The decree (dated to 1750) reached us as a copy from the nineteenth century which was kept in the private archives of Abd al-Rahman Umerov – the Tatar religious leader and enlightener who was active at the end of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century. Cartographic and lexicographic sources were used as well as works on Turkic and Mongolian diplomacy. Results and novelty of the research: The legal status of the representatives of Turkic-Muslim subjects of the Kalmyk rulers and the methods of their administration were not studied sufficiently up to the present. This is a result of the small number of the documentary sources which have been thus far introduced into scholarly circles. The publication of this decree of Donduk-Dashi Khan will fill the gaps in our knowledge of this problem.
Fotografia e trabalho escravo: relatos e desafios contemporâneos no Pará
Authors: Cabral Geovanni Gomes
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca tecer uma análise com as fotografias de João Laert, registradas em um resgate de trabalho escravo no estado do Pará. São imagens que retratam formas degradantes, de exploração e de violação aos Direitos Humanos. Presente em vários locais do mundo, o trabalho escravo releva a face sombria da violação à dignidade humana, homens sujeitos a trabalhos forçados em diversas frentes de atuação. Vários são os casos de denúncias, investigações, fugas e mortes. Na região Norte do país, o estado do Pará apresenta o maior número de ocorrências e de denúncias desse tipo de trabalho forçado, chegando inclusive a ficar acima dos outros estados, conforme dados do Caderno da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (2017).  Portanto as fotografias documentais nos permitem dialogar com essa memória, com um passado/presente desafiador e ao mesmo tempo urgente, no tocante à justiça trabalhista e aos direitos de homens e mulheres.
Isidoro de Sevilha nos legendários abreviados mendicantes hispanos do século XIII: uma abordagem historiográfica em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Da Silva Andréia Cristina Lopes Frazão
Published: June 2021

Isidoro de Sevilha, falecido em 636, foi alvo de veneração durante todo o medievo. Contudo, com a trasladação das suas relíquias de Sevilha para Leão, ocorrida em 1063, diversas legendas, que sistematizaram e transmitiram novas informações sobre o Sevilhano, começaram a ser compostas. Desta forma, ocorreu a ampliação da memória hagiográfica sobre o bispo, finalizada na primeira metade do século XIII. Nos capítulos dedicados ao prelado nos legendários abreviados elaborados na Península Ibérica na segunda metade desse século pelo Dominicano Rodrigo de Cerrato e o Franciscano João Gil de Zamora, tais memórias são incorporadas. Por meio da comparação desses dois textos, em perspectiva historiográfica, foram identificados aspectos comuns e particulares, que foram analisados à luz do contexto de produção. A conclusão proposta é que os legendários imprimem sentidos distintos à figura de Isidoro.Enquanto o cerratense apresenta o bispo como um santo com perfil universal, o egidiano delineia um santo com uma vinculação particular com a monarquia castelhano-leonesa.
A constituição de jurisdições eclesiásticas no discurso canônico sobre dízimos: a Summa Aurea de Hostiensis e suas intertextualidades
Authors: Silva Carolina Gual
Published: June 2021

As fontes de direito canônico, produzidas entre os séculos XII e XIII, indicam que o controle e a cobrança do dízimo desempenhavam uma série de funções religiosas, políticas e sociais. Entre essas funções, destacava-se a organização política, espacial e jurisdicional das paróquias, dioceses e do próprio papado. Em um lento processo no qual o próprio conceito de jurisdição estava em formação, os dízimos tiveram papel fundamental na definição e delimitação das jurisdições eclesiásticas, principalmente em relação à jurisdição episcopal e papal. A partir de uma leitura de intertextualidade comparativa da Summa Aurea (1253) de Hostiensis com o Liber Extra (1234) e o Decretum de Graciano (c. 1140), o objetivo desse artigo é demonstrar a relação entre o discurso sobre os dízimos e a definição tanto do conceito quanto da atuação prática da jurisdição eclesiástica entre os séculos XII e XIII.
O historiador, o santo, o feiticeiro e o tempo: notas sobre um diálogo “impróprio”
Authors: Melo de Oliveira Paulo Rogério
Published: June 2021

Tomando como mote a rebelião indígena liderada pelo cacique/pajé Ñezú, que resultou na morte do missionário Roque González, em 1628, na redução de Caaró, na Província Jesuítica do Uruguai, no atual noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, o artigo traz algumas reflexões sobre o tempo, sobre as relações entre passado, presente e futuro, e propõe alguns questionamentos sobre as estratégias dos historiadores de retorno ao passado. Ocupamo-nos, também, sob o mesmo mote, da dimensão ética do trabalho do historiador e do cuidado em relação ao outro do passado.
Judicializar o conflito e construir direitos. A experiência dos trabalhadores açucareiros na justiça do trabalho. Tucumán durante o primeiro peronismo.
Authors: Gutierrez Florencia
Published: June 2021

Na Argentina, a criação da justiça do trabalho foi promovida em 1944, por Juan Domingo Perón, do Ministério do Trabalho e Bem-Estar Social, e fazia parte de um projeto complexo destinado a aprofundar a intervenção do Estado no mundo do trabalho. Na província açucareira de Tucumán, os Tribunais do Trabalho –nascidos para resolver conflitos individuais entre trabalhadores e empregadores – começaram a operar em 1948. O estudo de suas sentenças ilumina o enredo de demandas e ofertas de sentidos que modelaram os direitos trabalhistas durante o primeiro peronismo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a judicialização dos conflitos açucareiros para explicar um problema central da época: o processo negociado de formulação de direitos e definição do sujeito depositário dos mesmos, bem como a maneira pela qual essa construção deu um novo significado à experiência do trabalhador.
Cuerpo marginal desde los paratextos literarios de la obra de Con pasión absoluta de Carol Zardetto
Authors: Zúñiga-Hernández Laura
Published: June 2021

La conformación de un discurso literario va más allá de la narrativa o versificación, en esta se abre una serie de posibilidades a partir de los recursos estilísticos utilizados para enriquecer cada palabra. Así, en las obras, la presencia de paratextos establece una relación entre ellos, su contexto, contenido y encontrar nuevas ideas e interpretaciones.

Por tal motivo, el siguiente análisis aborda los paratextos de la obra Con pasión absoluta de Carol Zardetto para establecer una conexión metafórica desde los cuerpos marginales como una temática en los textos centroamericanos recientes y que trazan líneas de estudio alternativas a las ya establecidas.
Book review: "Board of directors: A review of practices and empirical research"
Authors: Braendle Udo C.
Published: June 2021

This review covers the book titled “Board of directors: A review of practices and empirical research”, edited by Stefano Dell’Atti, Montserrat Manzaneque, and Shab Hundal (Virtus Interpress, 2020; ISBN: 978-617-7309-16-0). The focus of this review is particularly on board diversity and sustainability issues that, in the reviewer’s opinion, are two challenges that will keep boards of directors busy in the years to come. It also highlights the contribution of this book to the ongoing discussion on key issues relating to board of directors
An evolutionary perspective on contemporary genetic load in threatened species to inform future conservation efforts
Authors: Mathur Samarth , Tomeček John , Tarango-Arámbula Luis , Perez Robert , DeWoody Andrew
Published: June 2021

In theory, genomic erosion can be reduced in fragile “recipient”
populations by translocating individuals from genetically diverse
“donor” populations. However, recent simulation studies have argued
that such translocations can, in principle, serve as a conduit for new
deleterious mutations to enter recipient populations. A reduction in
evolutionary fitness is associated with a higher load of deleterious
mutations and thus, a better understanding of evolutionary processes
driving the empirical distribution of deleterious mutations is crucial.
Here, we show that genetic load is evolutionarily dynamic in nature and
that demographic history greatly influences the distribution of
deleterious mutations over time. Our analyses, based on both
demographically explicit simulations as well as whole genome sequences
of potential donor-recipient pairs of Montezuma Quail (Cyrtonyx
montezumae) populations, indicate that all populations tend to lose
deleterious mutations during bottlenecks, but that genetic purging is
pronounced in smaller populations with stronger bottlenecks. Despite
carrying relatively fewer deleterious mutations, we demonstrate how
small, isolated populations are more likely to suffer inbreeding
depression as deleterious mutations that escape purging are homogenized
due to drift, inbreeding, and ineffective purifying selection. We apply
a population genomics framework to showcase how the phylogeography and
historical demography of a given species can enlighten genetic rescue
efforts. Our data suggest that small, inbred populations should benefit
the most when assisted gene flow stems from genetically diverse donor
populations that have the lowest proportion of deleterious mutations.
Runs of homozygosity in killer whale genomes provide a global record of demographic histories
Authors: Foote Andy , Hooper Rebecca , Alexander Alana , Baird Robin , Baker Charles , Ballance Lisa , Barlow Jay , Brownlow Andrew , Collins T. , Constantine Rochelle , Rosa Luciano Dalla , Davison Nicholas , Durban John , Esteban Ruth , Excoffier Laurent , Fordyce Sarah , Forney Karin , Gerrodette Tim , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Guinet Christophe , Hanson Brad , Li Songhai , Martin Michael , Robertson Kelly , Samarra Filipa , Stefanis Renaud De , Tavares Sara , Tixier Paul , Totterdell John , Wade Paul , Wolf Jochen , Fan Guangyi , Zhang Yaolei , Morin Phillip
Published: June 2021

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) occur when offspring inherit haplotypes that
are identical by descent from each parent. Length distributions of ROH
are informative about population history; specifically the probability
of inbreeding mediated by mating system and/or population demography.
Here, we investigate whether variation in killer whale (Orcinus orca)
demographic history is reflected in genome-wide heterozygosity and ROH
length distributions, using a global dataset of 26 genomes
representative of geographic and ecotypic variation in this species, and
two F1 admixed individuals with Pacific-Atlantic parentage. We first
reconstruct demographic history for each population as changes in
effective population size through time using the pairwise sequential
Markovian coalescent (PSMC) method. We find a subset of populations
declined in effective population size during the Late Pleistocene, while
others had more stable demography. Genomes inferred to have undergone
ancestral declines in effective population size, were autozygous at
hundreds of short ROH (<1Mb), reflecting high background
relatedness due to coalescence of haplotypes deep within the pedigree.
In contrast, longer and therefore younger ROH (>1.5 Mb)
were found in low latitude populations and populations of known
conservation concern, including a Scottish population, for which 37.8%
of the autosomes comprised of ROH >1.5 Mb in length.
Identification of the homozygotic sex chromosome of non-model organisms
Authors: Hansen Charles Christian , Westfall Kristen , Palsson Snaebjorn
Published: June 2021

Whole genomes are commonly assembled into a collection of scaffolds and
often lack annotations of autosomes, sex chromosomes and, and organelle
genomes (i.e., mitochondrial and chloroplast). As these chromosome types
can have highly disparate evolutionary histories, it is imperative to
take this information into account when analyzing genomic variation.
Here we assessed the accuracy of four methods for identifying the
homogametic sex chromosome using two whole genome sequenced (WGS) and
133 RAD sequenced white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla): i)
difference in read depth per scaffold, ii) heterozygosity per scaffold
in a male and female bird, iii) mapping to a reference genome of a
related species (chicken) with identified sex chromosomes, and iv) an
analysis of SNP-loadings from a principal components analysis (PCA),
based on low-depth RADseq data from 133 individuals. In i and ii, the
WGS were mapped to a reference genome consisting of 1142 assembled
scaffolds from the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) with no identified
chromosomes. The read depth per scaffold identified 86.41% of the
homogametic sex chromosome (Z) with few false positives. The SNP-loading
scores found 78.6% of the Z-chromosome but had a false positive
discovery rate of more than 10%. The heterozygosity per scaffold did
not provide clear results due to a lack of diversity in both the Z and
autosomal chromosomes, and potential interference from the heterogametic
sex chromosome (W).
Pediatric Aortic Valve Repair: Any development in the material for cusp extension valvuloplasty?
Authors: Hu Kelli , Siddiqi Umar , Lee Brian , Pena Emily , Schulz Kelci , Vogel Maggie , Combs Pamela , Zein Chawki El , Ilbawi Michel , Vricella Luca , Hibino Narutoshi
Published: June 2021

Background: Aortic cusp extension is a technique for aortic valve (AV)
repairs in pediatric patients. The choice of the material used in this
procedure may influence the time before reoperation is required. We
aimed to assess post-operative and long-term outcomes of patients
receiving either pericardial or synthetic repairs. Methods: We conducted
a single center, retrospective study of pediatric patients undergoing
aortic cusp extension valvuloplasty (N=38) with either autologous
pericardium (n=30) or Cormatrix (n=8) between April 2009 and July 2016.
Short and long-term postoperative outcomes were compared between the two
groups. Freedom from reoperation was compared using Kaplan Meier
analysis. Degree of aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic regurgitation (AR)
were recorded at baseline, post-operatively, and at outpatient
follow-up. Results: At five years after repair, freedom from reoperation
was significantly lower in the CorMatrix group (12.5%) compared to the
pericardium group (62.5%) (P = 0.01). For the entire cohort, there was
a statistically significant decrease in the peak trans-valvar gradient
between pre- and post-operative assessments with no significant change
at outpatient follow-up. In the pericardium group, 28 (93%) had
moderate to severe AR at baseline which improved to 11 (37%)
post-operatively and increased to 21 (70%) at time of follow-up. In the
biomaterial group, 8 (100%) had moderate to severe AR which improved to
3 (38%) post-operatively and increased to 7 (88%) at time of
follow-up. Conclusion: In terms of durability, the traditional
autologous pericardium may outperform the new CorMatrix for AV repairs
using the cusp extension method.
Variable utility in the enigmatic presence of ultraviolet reflectance in conspicuous aposematic signals
Authors: Yeager Justin , Barnett James
Published: June 2021

Warning signals are often characterized by highly contrasting,
distinctive and memorable colors. Both chromatic (hue) and achromatic
(brightness) contrast contribute to signal efficacy, making longwave
colored signals (red and yellow) that generate both chromatic and
achromatic contrast common. Shortwave colors (blue and ultraviolet) do
not contribute to luminance perception, yet are also common in warning
signals. The presence of UV aposematic signals is paradoxical as UV
perception is not universal, and evidence for its utility is at best
mixed. We used visual modeling to quantify how UV affects signal
contrast in aposematic butterflies and frogs. We found that UV only
appreciably affected visual contrast in the butterflies. As the
butterflies, but not the frogs, have UV-sensitive vision these results
support the notion that UV reflectance is associated with intraspecific
communication, but appears to be non-functional in frogs. Consequently,
we should be careful when assigning a selection-based benefit from UV
reflectance.
Stressful experiences impact on pain, fatigue and mental health in people with endometriosis: a questionnaire study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Demetriou Lysia , Becker Christian , Martínez-Burgo Beatriz , Invitti Adriana , Kvaskoff Marina , Shah Razneen , Evans Emma , Lunde Claire , Cox Emma , Garbutt Kurtis , Zondervan Krina , Fox Elaine , Vincent Katy
Published: June 2021

Objective To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and
fatigue symptoms and their interactions with the impact on mental health
in people with endometriosis. Design Global cross-sectional survey.
Setting Online survey. Sample A total of 4717 adults with a surgical or
radiological diagnosis of endometriosis. Methods An online global study
collected data in 5 languages between 11th May to 8th June 2020. The
survey included questions on current-status and changes of
endometriosis-symptoms, mental health, demographics, and the impact of
the COVID-19 pandemic on the respondents’ lives. Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported changes to endometriosis-associated symptoms (pelvic pain,
tiredness/fatigue, bleeding) and to mental health during the early
stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Respondents reported a marked
worsening of their endometriosis symptoms (endo-associated pain (39.3%;
95% CI [37.7, 40.5]), tiredness/fatigue (49.9%; 95% CI [48.4,
51.2]) and bleeding (39.6%; 95% CI [38.2, 41])) and mental
health (38.6%; 95% CI [37.2, 39.9]). Those with a pre-existing
mental health diagnosis (38.8%) were more negatively impacted. The
worsening of pain and TF were significantly correlated with worsening of
mental health (p<0.001) and these relationships were found to
be weakly mediated by pain catastrophising scores (pain: effect size:
0.071, LLCI= 0.060, ULCI= 0.082, TF: effect size: 0.050, LLCI= 0.040,
ULCI= 0.060). Conclusions This study demonstrates that stressful
experiences impact the physical and mental health of people with
endometriosis. The findings highlight the need to consider psychological
approaches in the holistic management of people with endometriosis.
Stromal scoring in advanced colon and rectal cancer: Stroma-rich tumors and their association with aggressive phenotypes
Authors: Souza da , Queiroga Eduardo , de Toledo , Cunha Karin , Dias Eliane
Published: June 2021

Background: Our aim was to explore relevance of the proportion between neoplastic cell component and tumor-associated stroma in order to assess its association with confirmed aggressive phenotypes of right/left colon and rectum cancers in a large series of patients. Methods: The quantification of stroma component was performed in patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical resection. The analyzed variables were age, gender, anatomical/pathological features, and tumor-stroma proportion. Tumor-stroma proportion was estimated based on slides used in routine pathology for determination of T status and was described as low, with a stromal percentage ?50% or high, with a stromal percentage >50%. The tumor-stroma proportion was estimated by two observers, and the inter-observer agreement was assessed. Results: The sample included 390 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Stroma-rich tumors were observed in 53.3% of cases. Well-differentiated tumors had the lowest stromal proportions (p = 0.028). Stroma-poor tumors showed less depth of invasion (p<0.001). High stromal content was observed in association with tumor budding, perineural, angiolymphatic, and lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis (p?0.001). Colorectal adenocarcinoma without lymph node or distant metastasis involvement had lower stromal proportion, while metastatic ones exhibited high stromal content (p <0.001). The inter-rater reliability (concordance) between the estimations of pathologists for tumor-stroma proportions was high (?=0.746). Conclusion: The tumorstroma proportion in colorectal adenocarcinoma was associated with adverse prognostic factors, reflecting the stage of the disease. Stroma-rich tumors showed a significant correlation with advancement of the disease and its aggressiveness. Due to its availability tumor-stroma proportion evaluation has high application potential and can complement current staging system for colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Multitime multiobjective variational problems via η-approximation method
Authors: Jha Shalini , Das Prasun , Bandhyopadhyay Sanghamitra
Published: June 2021

The present article is devoted to multitime multiobjective variational problems via ?-approximation method. In this method, an ?-approximation approach is applied to the considered problem, and a new problem is constructed, called as ?- approximated multitime multiobjective variational problem that contains the change in objective and both constraints functions. The equivalence between an efficient (Pareto optimal) solution to the main multitime multiobjective variational problem is derived along with its associated ?-approximated problem under invexity defined for a multitime functional. Furthermore, we have also discussed the saddle-point criteria for the problem considered and its associated ?-approximated problems via generalized invexity assumptions.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Trichoscopy in Trichotillomania: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaczorowska Agnieszka , Rudnicka Lidia , Stefanato Catherine M. , Waskiel-Burnat Anna , Warszawik-Hendzel Olga , Olszewska Malgorzata , Rakowska Adriana
Published: June 2021

Trichotillomania is formally classified as a mental health disorder, but it is commonly diagnosed by dermatologists. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the diagnostic value of trichoscopy in diagnosing trichotillomania. The analysis identified the 7 most specific trichoscopic features in trichotillomania. These features had the following prevalence and specificity: trichoptilosis (57.5%; 73/127 and 97.5%, respectively), v-sign (50.4%; 63/125 and 99%), hook hairs (43.1%; 28/65 and 100%), flame hairs (37.1%; 52/140 and 96.5%), coiled hairs (36.8%; 46/125 and 99.6%), tulip hairs (36.4%; 28/77 and 89.6%), and hair powder (35.6%; 42/118 and 97.9%). The 2 most common, but least specific, features were broken hairs and black dots. In conclusion, trichoscopy is a reliable new diagnostic method for hair loss caused by hair pulling. Trichoscopy should be included as a standard procedure in the differential diagnosis of trichotillomania in clinical practice.
A Case of Childhood-Onset Basedow–Graves' Disease Diagnosed as a Result of the Fourth Time of General Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Hashimoto Mayumi , Okumura Yoko , Sato Aiji , Tachi Naoko , Kikuchi Akane , Kuroda Izumi , Tanase Riho , Okuda Masahiro
Published: June 2021

The incidence of childhood-onset Basedow's (Graves') disease is approximately 5% of all cases. Herein, we report a teenage female patient diagnosed with childhood-onset Graves' disease immediately following general anesthesia. Her signs and symptoms included tachycardia immediately prior to general anesthesia, delirium upon emerging from anesthesia, persistent postoperative tachycardia and anxiety, and prolonged nausea and vomiting.
Anesthetic Management of a Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis Patient With Trismus and Cervical Movement Limitation
Authors: Yasuda Asako , Miyazawa Noriko , Inoue Emiko , Imai Tomoaki , Shionoya Yoshiki , Nakamura Kiminari
Published: June 2021

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the presence of tissue nodules, joint contractures, and gingival hyperplasia. With a 1-year-9-month-old female patient scheduled for a gingivectomy and excision of a lower lip mass under general anesthesia, it was anticipated that airway management would be difficult because of trismus and limited cervical movement. Intubation with video-laryngoscopic assistance could not be achieved because gingival hyperplasia and trismus prevented blade insertion and manipulation. Therefore, 2 endotracheal tubes were used: 1 used as a nasopharyngeal airway for assisted ventilation, and 1 used for intubation along with a flexible fiberoptic scope. This case demonstrated a useful method for managing ventilation and intubation in patients with JHF, particularly when the use of oral airway devices is difficult.
Microgroove etching on flexible copper clad laminate with picosecond lasers
Authors: Wu Chao , Cheng Li , Chen Yan , Xiong Zhengjun
Published: June 2021

Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have received extensive attention in the field of 5G electronic device packaging because of their high performance as microwave substrates and packaging materials. This article describes the use of a two-wavelength picosecond laser, with a pulse duration of 8.8 ps and a repetition frequency of 100 kHz, to perform ablation experiments on a flexible LCP copper clad laminate. By fitting the experimental results, the calculated radiation exposure was found to be 3.1 and 4.45 J/cm2 at wavelengths of 1064 and 355 nm, respectively. In addition, it was revealed that the laser parameters and the material characteristics of the LCP seriously affected the quality of laser machining due to photopolymerization of the LCP at 1064 nm; in contrast, better results were obtained at 355 nm. Furthermore, the effect of scanning speed and average power on the microgroove etching process was investigated. Desirable etching results were obtained at a scanning speed of 500–700 mm/s and an average power of 2.5–3.5 W. The results of this study can be useful for the processing of LCP-encapsulated electronic devices.
Camera methods for the assessment of coastal biodiversity in low visibility environments
Authors:   , Jones Robyn E.
Published: June 2021

Coastal marine environments are important ecological, economic and social areas providing valuable services such as coastal protection, areas of recreation and tourism, fishing, climate regulation, biotic materials and biofuels. Marine renewable energy developments in the coastal environment are becoming a key objective for many countries globally. Assessing and monitoring the impacts of these developments on features, such as coastal biodiversity, becomes a difficult prospect in these environments due to the complexity of marine process at the locations in which these developments are targeted. This thesis explores the main challenges faced when assessing biodiversity in dynamic coastal environments, in particular those susceptible to high levels of turbidity. Various underwater camera techniques were trialled in reduced visibility environments including baited remote underwater video (BRUV), drop-down video and hydroacoustic methods. This research successfully refined BRUV guidelines in the North-East Atlantic region and identified key methodological and environmental factors influencing data collected BRUV deployments. Key findings included mackerel as the recommended bait type in this region and highlighting the importance of collecting consistent metadata when using these methods. In areas of high turbidity, clear liquid optical chambers (CLOCs) were successfully used to enhance the quality of information gathered using underwater cameras when monitoring benthic fauna and fish assemblages. CLOCs were applied to both conventional BRUV camera systems and benthic drop-down camera systems. Improvements included image quality, species and habitat level identification, and taxonomic richness. Evaluations of the ARIS 3000 imaging sonar and its capability of visualising distinguishing identifying features in low visibility environments for motile fauna showed mixed results with morphologically distinct species such as elasmobranchs much clearer in the footage compared to individuals belonging to finfish families. A combined approach of optical and hydroacoustic camera methods may be most suitable for adequately assessing coastal biodiversity in low visibility environments.
Türkiye’de Destinasyon Düğünleri
Authors: Serin Karacaer Serap
Published: June 2021

Son zamanlarda “düğün turizmi” ya da “destinasyon düğünleri” olarak bilinen kavramı; çiftlerin yaşamlarını sürdürdükleri yerin dışında, aileleri ve misafirleri ile birlikte ve özellikle başka bir ülkede gerçekleştirdikleri evlilik töreni olarak ifade etmek mümkündür. Söz konusu organizasyon için aileleri ve misafirleri ile birlikte hareket eden çiftler, meydana getirdikleri ülkeler arası hareketlilik nedeniyle turizm endüstrisinin ilgi alanına girmektedir. Dolayısıyla etkinlik turizminin bir alt dalı olarak görülen “destinasyon düğünleri”, turizm pazarında yer alan hemen hemen her ülke açısından yeni ve büyük bir pazar bölümü olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda söz konusu çalışmanın amacı, destinasyon düğünleri pazarında öne çıkan bir destinasyon olan Türkiye’de “düğün turizmi” olgusunun mevcut durumunu, profesyonel düğün planlamacılarının bakış açıları üzerinden ortaya koymaktır. Bu noktada araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel yöntemlerden doküman analizi ve görüşme teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan araştırmalardan elde edilen bulgular genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde; Türkiye’nin düğün turizmi pazarının ağırlıklı olarak Orta Doğu ülkeleri olduğu, bu noktada özellikle Hindistan’ın öne çıktığı, düğün organizasyonlarının genel olarak üç günlük paketler şeklinde planlandığı, söz konusu organizasyonların turizmin “lüks turizm pazarı” bölümünde yer aldığı ve gelecek yıllar açısından büyüme eğilimini hızlı bir şekilde devam ettirebilecek özellikte bir turizm çeşidi olduğuna ilişkin sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Size Effect on the Bond Behavior of Grouted Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Light-weight Concrete
Authors:   University of Baghdad, Abbas Aamer , Yaqoob Yaqoob ,   University of Baghdad, Hussein Ola ,   Al-Rafidain University, Al-Ani Ibrahim ,   Al-Farabi University
Published: June 2021

This study presents experimentally the bond behavior of light-weight concrete specimens with grouted reinforcing bars in comparison with conventional concrete specimens. A total of (9) pull-out specimens were studied; (3) specimens of conventional concrete, (3) specimens of light-weight concrete, and other (3) specimens of grouted light-weight concrete. Two variables are adopted in this investigation: specimen width and type of concrete (conventional concrete, light-weight concrete and grouted light-weight concrete). The study contains a discussion of the general behavior of the specimens in addition to the study of the ultimate bond capacity, maximum bond stresses and the relationship between the stress and the slip for different pull-out specimens. Results show that bond strength is highest for the largest specimen size (bond strength of grouted light-weight concrete specimen with specimen width 400 mm is higher than that of the specimen with (200 mm) width by about (13.13%)). Also, bond strength is highest for the grouted light-weight concrete specimen (bond strength of grouted light-weight concrete specimen is higher than conventional concrete specimen by (11.11%)).
Interaction between Precast Concrete Columns with Socket Foundations Using Different Bonding Interfaces
Authors:   University of Babylon, Hassan Hayder , Muteb Haitham , Al-Baghdadi Haider ,   University of Babylon,   University of Babylon
Published: June 2021

In this study, a novel test technique is used to experimentally study the behavior and performance of the socket joint used to stabilize the precast columns embedded in a foundation that is subject to lateral loading. The test program included the testing of five test specimens, which represent the condition of the prefabricated concrete columns, which are embedded in the foundation. five specimens were divided into two groups based on the embedded length. Group one consists of two samples with a smooth interface and different embedded lengths. Group two consists of three samples with constant embedding length, two of them with a smooth interface and the other with a rough interface. Self-compacting mortar (SCM) was used as the adhesive material to fill the gap between the concrete column and the base for the samples of the first group, while the non-shrinking mortar and the self-compacting mortar (SCM) were used as adhesive material. Fill the gap between the Concrete column and the base in the second group. The practical results showed the possibility to use the developed test method as an alternative test method for comparing and representing a relationship between the different cases of socket connections. It has also been found that the roughness of the interface increases the bearing capacity for the embedded length, which corresponds to and is less than the depth of the concrete column, otherwise it is not required.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Crushed Gravel Filters around Field Drains
Authors:   Al-Farabi University, Al-Haddad Amer , Mahdi Dhuha ,   Al-Farabi University
Published: June 2021

Engineers have employed various ways to protect drain openings from the entry of sediment with varying degrees of success. This study aims to compare and evaluate the hydraulic performance and efficiency of using natural graded gravel filter and crushed gravel filter in drainage systems. An aquifer tank (sand tank) 70 cm long, 50 cm wide and 80 cm high, a perforated drain pipe of 50 mm diameter was used in the laboratory work. The laboratory study was performed with two types of soil: loam and loamy sand. These two soils were used with the two types of gravel filters after taking the particle size distribution test for the two soils. For each case, the inflow was applied to the model from the soil surface (to represent irrigation condition) and from the sides of the tank (to represent sub –surface flow condition and effluence of the groundwater). Each case involved ten runs; for each run, discharge, total head loss, and amount of sediment were recorded. It was found that crushed gravel filter would work similarly to natural graded gravel filter after a certain time from the beginning of runs. It was also found that the discharge and sediment when using crushed gravel filter were close to or equal to that with natural graded gravel filter. The hydraulic conductivity and the exit gradient values were calculated in this research. It was found that their values were so different between the two types of filters, but at the end of the laboratory work, the hydraulic conductivity would be approximately the same. The exit gradient of crushed gravel filter was lower than that of natural graded gravel filter due to the large pores between the filter particles. Finally, the results showed that, it is possible to use crushed gravel filter material in drainage systems, which is less costly and easier to place than natural graded gravel filter.
Identifying Listening Problems and the Need for Technology Assisted Language Learning (TALL) to Improve Listening Skills among Diploma Students
Authors: Mohd Salleh Salwani , May Lai See , Azmi Azzieatul Syazwanie , Mohd Hatta Siti Anisah , Razali Norlida , Mohd Zawawi Mohd Zafian
Published: June 2021

Listening is one of the major skills in English language acquisition.  However, mastering listening in acquiring the language can be challenging. Failure to listen well may cause misunderstanding and unnecessary conflicts. Realizing the importance of listening and how difficult it is, the paper focuses on listening issues experienced by 210 Part 1, Diploma students of UiTM Kelantan Branch.  The objectives are to identify the perceived level of listening proficiency among students, ascertain listening problems faced by them and determine students’ need for Technology Assisted Language Learning (TALL) to enhance listening skills. Thus, a survey on listening problems and the need for TALL was conducted. 150 students responded and the majority identified physical setting as the main listening problem thus, leading to a conclusive need for technology to help improve their listening ability. Based on the findings, a technological language tool in the form of multimedia application is innovated to fulfil the students’ needs. The application is designed to be easily accessible, user-interactive, user-friendly and affordable.  The features are customized to be as ‘friendly’ as possible of which they include local and Malaysian-based contents, familiar accents and slangs as well as relevant vocabulary, listening practices and quizzes.
MOOC Arabic Language And Information Technology
Authors: Puasa Bashasunnahar , Sardi Janudin , Abd Rahman Ghazali Yusri
Published: June 2021

The MOOC of this course aims to train students to use information technology in the context of Arabic so that their communication skills can be improved. Students are exposed to the world of technology and its role in applying Arabic in the context of Arabic language content development. Students are taught to use computers and the internet through the activation of Arabic characters in various software such as office software, graphics, multimedia, web applications and e-learning. A student-centered teaching approach through active learning, practical training, group discussions, assignments, presentations and practical projects. All content is provided in the form of videos, notes and links to other sources. Each topic is reinforced with activities in the form of quizzes assisted by Web 2.0 applications. The interactive process for this course is through comments and conversation space that can improve communication skills.
Learning Fundamental Academic English via MOOC
Authors: Ahmad Buhari Turisiana , Ab Rahman Doreen Azlina , Mohd Aris Nurbaya , Sulaiman Shairah Hana
Published: June 2021

Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) has since its launch provided a diverse choice of learning courses and modules. Openlearning.com claims to have over 4000 MOOCs from around the world, making it an indispensable place to gain knowledge other than the traditional classroom or formal education. This growing number of MOOCs means that the mass has the interest to learn various subjects the virtual way at their own pace and comfort. Despite this increasing number, there are also concerns that not all subjects and skills can be delivered and taught online.  Like many language subjects, Academic English is a challenging course to teach and learn. This is due to the specific skills involved in which requires constant guidance on how to deliver best. Hence, Fundamental Academic English course was created to provide knowledge and skills to teach Academic English concisely, virtually, and effectively, adhering to MOOC requirements. This course is unique as its modules are organized to firstly go over basic skills required in Academic English, then introduce the relevant tasks in Academic English, and lastly present steps and tips in ensuring effective verbal and written Academic English performance. The presentation of the course encourages a smooth transition from understanding and applying basic skills to transferring these skills into Academic English reading, writing, and speaking. It is hoped that the ten (10) specifically crafted modules help learners to grasp Academic English faster and more effectively. Fundamental Academic English has the potential to serve as an essential blended learning material at pre-university and university level and provide necessary English language skills for university students to perform academically.
Grammar Buzz: Let’s Buzz with Grammar
Authors: De Mello Geraldine , Husin @ Ma’mor Misyana Susanti , Omar Nur Hidayatulshima , Ariffin Kamisah , Md Razak Mohamad Idham
Published: June 2021

Grammar Buzz (GB) is an edutainment board game that helps to promote students’ grammar acquisition and their ability of using English grammar in sentences. It is a multisensory game which requires players to physically throw the dice and move the token to the phrase category destination. Then the players are to construct a grammatically correct sentence using the phrase category. Students who have difficulty with single-modality learning method would benefit from this visual, kinaesthetic and auditory board game as GB supports intentional grammar learning. While the players are doing something fun, they can be learning grammar without noticing it. Past studies found revamping the delivery of grammar lesson to be fun and enjoyable, helped increase learners’ motivation and also interest. Inspired from the Monopoly board game, GB is definitely a creative and innovative alternative to dreary grammar drills. Games can remove boredom without sacrificing repetition that is necessary for successful learning of language elements, especially grammar. GB certainly brings about fun and excitement amongst the players and offers entertaining language practices other than the traditional pencil-paper grammar exercises. GB has huge potential to be commercialized in schools as it is applicable for both students and teachers in schools and also at tertiary level.
Gender Issues: The Effects of Differences in Interaction Styles between Genders and Roles on Workplace Communication
Authors: Syed Iskandar Sharifah Nadhira , A. Rahim Aisyah Munirah , Mohd Yussoff Aina Nor Syakila , Abu Bakar Fatin Hanini
Published: June 2021

Issues related to gender in the workplace are quite a common and debatable issue in Malaysia considering that male employees dominate the working world in general. Gender issues at the workplace has become a problem in the workforce which in return brings negative impacts on the organisations involved  as well as the victims themselves without regarding the gender. Given this situation, this study aims to explore the differences in the interaction styles between gender and gender roles in which we would look into how they affect the workplace communication. In addition, workplace has been a war field for female against gender issues.  The questionnaires were distributed to the respondents with a working experience regardless of their employment status. A total of 33 questionnaires were completed by the respondents. This quantitative study used descriptive analysis approach in analysing the frequency which was presented in percentage. According to the results obtained it was revealed that most of our respondents agreed with our statements which aligned with our previous researches. Future researches should be conducted in order for these aspects in the issues to be included and discussed holistically.
The Influence of Integrative Motivation in Learning Malay Language Vocabulary among Foreign Speakers at UNITEN
Authors: Mohd Amin Noraziah , Abdul Rahman Noor Azam
Published: June 2021

Ellis (1994) divides motivation into four types, namely instrumental motivation, integrative motivation, resultative motivation and intrinsic motivation. This study discusses the effects of integrative motivation on foreign speakers while studying Malay Language vocabulary. The main objective of the study was to identify the influence of integrative motivation on male and female students while studying Malay Language vocabulary in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). This study was conducted in order to seek the answer to the question of whether there was a significant difference in the influence of integrative motivation between male and female students. A questionnaire containing 10 items in the form of self-reporting statements concerning integrative motivation was used as an instrument of the study. The data from the questionnaires administered were analysed using SPSS software version 23 for descriptive data and inferences such as mean scores and percentages, and the results of the ANOVA test was analysed too. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the influence of integrative motivation between male and female students while studying  Malay Language vocabulary, where the significant value was less than 0.05 (p <0.05). The findings showed that the majority of the male students were influenced by integrative motivation while studying Malay Language vocabulary in UNITEN compared to the female students.
The Translation Method of Kinesics and Expression Elements
Authors: Desa Melati
Published: June 2021

An accurate translation are works that are hard to be identified as a translated piece. A translation work must be done based on the needs of the target reader or target language. To produce a natural work of translation, translator must take into account the methods, principles and certain approaches. Based on the chosen approach, the translator can only transfer the meaning and the author’s emotions are also important to convey in the translation text. This is to ensure that the original meaning from the source text is preserved in the translated text. In the translation of novel, the important element is the content of the translation rather than its exterior form. In this paper, several translation methods are used in an effort to ensure that the original message of the author reaches the target reader. Among the methods examined and researched are paraphrase, transposition, idiomatic, dynamic equations and descriptions methods.