bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar-PV inverter for the overall stability of power systems with intelligent MPPT control of DC-link capacitor voltage
Authors: Singh Sheetal , Saini Sanju , Gupta S. K. , Kumar Rajeev
Published: April 2023

This paper demonstrates the controlling abilities of a large PV-farm as a Solar-PV inverter for mitigating the chaotic electrical, electromechanical, and torsional oscillations including Subsynchronous resonance in a turbogenerator-based power system. The oscillations include deviations in the machine speed, rotor angle, voltage fluctuations (leading to voltage collapse), and torsional modes. During the night with no solar power generation, the PV-plant switches to PV-STATCOM mode and works as a Solar-PV inverter at its full capacity to attenuate the oscillations. During full sun in the daytime, on any fault detection, the PV-plant responds instantly and stops generating power to work as a Solar-PV inverter. The PV-farm operates in the same mode until the oscillations are fully alleviated. This paper manifests the control of the DC-link capacitor voltage of the Solar-PV inverter with a bacterial foraging optimization-based intelligent maximum power point tracking controller for the optimal control of active and reactive power. Kundur’s multi-machine model aggregated with PV-plant is modeled in the Matlab/Simulink environment to examine the rotor swing deviations with associated shaft segments. The results for different test cases of interest demonstrate the positive outcomes of deploying large PV-farms as a smart PV-STATCOM for controlling power system oscillations.
Exercise-related leg muscle signal changes: assessment using diffusion-weighted MRI
Authors: Kolmer Floriane , Bierry Guillaume , Willaume Thibault
Published: April 2023

We aimed to detect physiologic changes of leg muscle signal on magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in asymptomatic subjects after repetitive plantar flexion exercises. In this monocentric prospective study, DWI of both legs were performed at rest and after exercise periods (5 min, Ex5: and 10 min, Ex10) in 20 active healthy subjects (mean age 31 years). The exercise consisted in repetitive plantar flexion of the right foot using elastic band, the patient being sited directly on the MR table. Both visual semiquantitative evaluations and quantitative (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC; fractional anisotropy, FA) were performed in 5 leg compartments. Visually, signal changes involved mainly the fibular and gastrocnemius muscles and were considered intense after Ex5 in 3 subjects, moderate only after Ex5 in 10, and moderate only after Ex10 in 4. No changes were visible in 3 subjects. Quantitative evaluation confirmed significant signal changes in the fibular (ADC: + 17.4%, p < 0.001; FA: -8.3%, p = 0.030) and gastrocnemius (ADC: + 13.7%, p < 0.001; FA: -11.4%, p < 0.001) muscles between rest and post-exercise MR. Plantar flexion exercises induce changes on DWI, especially in fibular and gastrocnemius muscles, which can be visually and quantitatively detectable in asymptomatic active subjects.

Trial registration

EudraCT 2008-A00694-51.
Novel isolate of Cladosporium subuliforme and its potential to control Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Song , Li Yi-Jie , Song Ya-Qin , Lei Cui-Yun , Peng Yuan-Yuan , Wang Jin-Jun , Lou Bing-Hai , Jiang Hong-Bo
Published: April 2023

Background

Citrus fruits are economically and nutritionally important but have been severely affected by Huanglongbing disease (HLB), its natural spread is mainly by the Asian Citrus Psyllid,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Chemicals are often used to control this pest, but this is not sustainable. Meanwhile, there are few environmentally friendly bioinsecticides to control D. citri in China.

Results

In this study, an entomofungal pathogen wz-1 was isolated from a D. citri carcass in the field, which resulted in a cumulative mortality rate of 75.27% in adult D. citri 7 days after inoculation of the spore suspension. It was identified as Cladosporium subuliforme based on morphological analysis as well as sequence analysis of several molecular markers (Internal Transcribed Spacers, Translation Elongation Factor 1-α and Actin). Remarkably, the lethality rate of adult D. citri reached 53.13%, 48 h after treatment with the aqueous phase extracts of wz-1. Hydroxyquinoline and phytosphingosine in the extracts were identified as potentially active metabolites using LC–MS.

Conclusions

The entomopathogenicity and bioinsecticidal potential of C. subuliforme were previously unknown. Obtained results showed that both spores and extracts of wz-1 can effectively kill adult D. citri, providing an available fungal resource and a theoretical basis for biocontrol of the HLB insect vector D. citri.
Sevoflurane effects on left atrial performance: a transesophageal echocardiographic study on patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Hasseb Ahmad Mahmoud , Esmat Ibrahim Mamdouh , Ashoor Tarek Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Background

Patients presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting often have left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. These patients are in need for a well contracting left atrium (LA) to generate the required cardiac output. Sevoflurane affects the overall cardiac contractility. This study aimed at evaluating sevoflurane effects on left atrial performance and left ventricular diastolic function for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Results

Out of 40 enrolled patients, analysis was made for 31 patients. Results after exposure to one MAC sevoflurane revealed a decrease of left atrial functional area change (P = 0.001), left atrial active emptying fraction (P = 0.038), and A wave velocity by transmitral pulsed wave Doppler (P = 0.019) while left ventricular diastolic function was unaffected despite a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.008).

Conclusions

Sevoflurane at one MAC affected the left atrial performance without affecting left ventricular diastolic function in patients with grade I and II diastolic dysfunction undergoing CABG.

Trial registration

NCT03999463.
Analysis of chemical, ion slip, and thermal radiation effects on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic dusty fluid flow with heat and mass transfer through a porous media between parallel plates
Authors: Abbas Wael , Khaled Osama , Beshir Salah , Abdeen Mostafa , Elshabrawy Mohamed
Published: April 2023

Background

Investigating the dusty fluids flow attracted substantial attention in latest years because of their widespread utility within several industrial applications, including polymer technology, gas cooling systems, combustion, petroleum industry, and transport processes. The current article is dedicated to inspect the flow with mass transfer and heat of an unsteady Magneto-hydrodynamic dusty fluid. Consequently, impacts of chemical and thermal radiation, Joule, ion slip, Hall, and viscous dissipation toward heat and mass transferring and fluid flows are provided.

Results

Numerical solution of the controlling partial differential equations was performed. The temperature, velocity, and distribution of concentration for the particle and fluid phases were inspected under the influences of various physical parameters and their discussion was supplemented with diagrams.

Conclusions

The findings specify that these parameters have a significantly governed the solutions. The thermal radiation denotes efficiency enhancement of temperature distribution.
Principles of mechanical and chemical debridement with implant retention
Authors: Deckey David G. , Christopher Zachary K. , Bingham Joshua S. , Spangehl Mark J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most common causes of early revision for total hip and knee arthroplasty. Mechanical and chemical debridement typically referred to as debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) can be a successful technique to eradicate PJI in acute postoperative or acute hematogenous infections. This review will focus specifically on the indications, techniques, and outcomes of DAIR.

Discussion

The success of mechanical and chemical debridement, or a DAIR operation, is reliant on a combination of appropriate patient selection and meticulous technique. There are many technical considerations to take into consideration. One of the most important factors in the success of the DAIR procedure is the adequacy of mechanical debridement. Techniques are surgeon-specific and perhaps contribute to the large variability in the literature on the success of DAIR. Factors that have been shown to be associated with success include the exchange of modular components, performing the procedure within seven days or less of symptom onset, and possibly adjunctive rifampin or fluoroquinolone therapy, though this remains controversial. Factors that have been associated with failure include rheumatoid arthritis, age greater than 80 years, male sex, chronic renal failure, liver cirrhosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusions

DAIR is an effective treatment option for the management of an acute postoperative or hematogenous PJI in the appropriately selected patient with well-fixed implants.
Exploring the role of serum uric acid as a biomarker in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and major depressive disorder
Authors: Shaker Nermin Mahmoud , Serafi Doha el , Mahfouz Riham Hossam E. L.-Din , abd el moneam Mohamed Hossam El-din
Published: April 2023

Background

Uric acid plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mood and behavior. The study aimed to elucidate the role of serum uric acid as a biomarker in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BAD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) and to examine its relation to symptom domains and severity of illness.

Results

A total of 150 participants with schizophrenia, BAD, and MDD and 50 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were assessed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Diagnosis (SCID-I), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) was applied to healthy controls. Then, a blood draw from all participants was performed to measure serum uric acid level. According to this study, there was a statistically significant difference between patients with schizophrenia, BAD, MDD, and healthy controls, with regard to serum uric acid level (P = 0.007). On correlating symptom domains and severity of schizophrenia, bipolar, and MDD with serum uric acid level, there was only a statistically significant negative correlation between YMRS and serum uric acid level (P = 0.022).

Conclusions

Serum uric acid could be a valuable biomarker in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar, and MDD especially in patients with bipolar disorder.
Major determinant factors of pediatric COVID-19 severity; a single center study
Authors: Ali Heba A.
Published: April 2023

Background

According to several recently published studies, pediatric Corona virus infection is mostly mild. However, a severe COVID-19 illness could occur in children, resulting in grave outcomes. Unfortunately, the data regarding the major determinants of disease progression in the pediatric population is still limited. Here, we aimed to identify the most significant risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 infection in children to predict the patients at elevated risk for serious illness.

Results

This single-center, retrospective study enrolled eighty hospitalized children and adolescents under the age of 18 years with coronavirus type 2 infections, who were divided according to the level of clinical severity into severe and non-severe groups. Epidemiological data, clinical features, radiological findings, laboratory test results, and disease outcomes of the studied patients were collected and analyzed to demonstrate their relation to disease severity. Patients with severe illness tend to have more respiratory symptoms (97.8% vs. 79.4%, p = 0.007), cardiac affection (23 (50.0%) vs. 5 (14.7%), p = 0.001, and neurological involvement (13 (28.1%) vs. 1 (2.9%), p = 0.003). Furthermore, abnormal radiological findings and higher radiological scores were significantly more common among patients with severe disease compared to non-severe cases (p = 0.037, 0.013). In multivariable analysis, clinical scoring, abnormal coagulation function, and ICU admission were the most significant parameters for forecasting severe illness.

Conclusions

We identified the most remarkable parameters involved in the progression of severe disease in Egyptian children with COVID-19 infection, which may be implemented in anticipation of susceptible children for earlier prompt management and a better prognosis.
Suppression of background body signals in whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging for detection of bony metastases: a pilot study
Authors: Eltonbary Heba Tollah Ahmed Ibrahim , Elmashad Nehal Mohamed , Khodair Sameh Ahmed , Abou Khadrah Rania Sobhy
Published: April 2023

Background

Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance is being developed as a tool for assessing tumor spread. Patients with known primary tumors require meticulous evaluation to assess metastasis for better staging; we attempted to detect bony metastasis without radiation exposure. Our study's goal was to use whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression (WB-DWBIS) to evaluate bony metastasis in confirmed patients who have primary tumors.

Results

Our study included 90 patients with known primary cancer, 10 patients were excluded as they had no bony metastasis, from 80 patients: 36 (45.0%) having one site of metastasis, 36 (45%) having two sites of metastasis, and 8 (10.0%) having three sites of metastasis. 56 (70.0%) of the metastasis sites were bony metastasis, and 76 were mixed both bony and non-bony, including 32(40.0%) lung, 16 (20.0%) liver, and 28 (35%) lymph nodes. Sensitivity of bone scanning in detecting metastasis was as follows: 95.1% sensitivity and 92.0% accuracy, while that of whole-body diffusion-weighted image with background signals suppression was 94.8% sensitivity and 91.7% accuracy, WB-DWBIS inter-observer agreement in the detection of bony metastatic deposits in cancer patients was good (0.7 45, agreement = 93.2%).

Conclusions

Using WB-DWBIS images, bone lesion identification and characterization (site and number) were improved, producing outcomes similar to bone scanning without the use of ionizing radiation.
Computed tomography predictors of gastroesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: the added value of portosystemic collaterals
Authors: Solaiman Sara Ateya , Habba Mohamed Refaat , El Kammash Tarek Hamed , Serwah Abdel Hamid Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Background

Detection of ‘spontaneous’ portosystemic collateral veins (PSCV) serves as an important tool in diagnosing portal hypertension (PTHN) and predicting prognosis. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging is noninvasive and allows accurate assessment of variceal site and size. So, this study was conducted to assess the role of MDCT in predicting, detecting and grading gastroesophageal varices in correlation with endoscopy in cirrhotic patients in relation to other portosystemic collaterals.

Methods

Analytical cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 100 cirrhotic patients. All patients were subjected to history taking, upper gastrointestinal endoscopic assessment, and triphasic CT or contrast-enhanced CT assessment of abdomen and pelvis.

Results

Patients who had esophageal varices in MDCT show a statistically significant difference (p = 0.016) with its endoscopic grading. There was good agreement between endoscopy and MDCT in diagnosing grade of esophageal varices as k = 0.882. The presence of ascites, splenic size, and esophageal vein diameter serve as clinically significant predictors of esophageal varices. Splenic size showed a significant difference according to endoscopic grades of EV (esophageal varices) as p = 0.031 as patients with no varices had splenic size of (15.9 ± 1.4) cm, patients with grade I had a mean splenic size of (15.2 ± 8.7) cm, patients with grade II had mean splenic size of (16.9 ± 1.8) cm and patients with grade III had mean splenic size of (18 ± 4.2) cm, while other veins diameters showed increase with advanced grades of EV but with statistically insignificant differences as p > 0.05.

Conclusions

Multidetector CT features of the presence of PSCVs, splenic size, and ascites are accurate predictors of PTHN in either EVs presence or absence. MDCT can be an excellent alternative for patients who are contraindicated for endoscopy. Moreover, it can be potential screening tool for early detection of esophageal varices in very early stage of chronic liver disease and in the early care of patient with varices. MDCT remains the most applicable noninvasive diagnostic tool for patients with portosystemic collaterals.
Implementing point-of-care medical information systems into trauma and general surgeon practice in a middle-income country: a qualitative study utilizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Wilson Stephanie N. , Noble Helen , Ordoñez Willy Jesús Neumann , Wong Gabriela Zavala , Rodríguez Manuel J. , Checa David Ortega , Warne Maria , Senturia Kirsten , LaGrone Lacey Nicole
Published: April 2023

Background

Point-of-care medical information systems (POCMIS) can provide an efficient and effective means of strengthening health systems globally through their encouragement of continued medical education. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) as a guide, this research provides suggestions for improved implementation of POCMIS in low- and middle-income countries informed by an intervention implemented across public and military hospitals in Lima, Peru.

Methods

Analysis is based on qualitative interviews conducted with 12 Peruvian surgeons across eight public hospitals and one military hospital who received an intervention that provided free access to UpToDate and introduced Google Translate. The post-intervention interviews were transcribed, translated, and analyzed for themes overlapping with CFIR constructs to expose barriers to implementation and suggestions for improved implementation of future interventions.

Results

Barriers included a lack of seniority buy-in and engaged leadership, an overabundance of personal preferences for multiple POCMIS, and a culture of assumption that inhibited open communication regarding access to and use of POCMIS. Suggestions for improved implementation focused on the adaptation of the intervention. Namely, surgeons discussed regionally-specific adaptations as well as adaptations specific to their surgical specialty including visual, rather than written, representation of the information available via POCMIS.

Conclusions

Results indicate necessary adaptations for implementing interventions including POCMIS in LMICs, mimicking much of the implementation science literature on intervention adaptation. In addition to explicit suggestions provided by surgeons, we also suggest actionable steps to adapt to barriers identified in our data. Rapid assessment procedures (RAP) are one established methodological technique useful for assessing organization culture prior to implementation, allowing for necessary cultural adaptations. Dynamic adaption process (DAP) is another useful and established method that breaks implementation into four phases allowing for adaptations based on the initial assessment of the intervention site.
Egyptian recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a consensus, evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines for treat-to-target management
Authors: El Miedany Yasser , Elhadidi Khaled , Mahmoud Geilan Abdelmoneim , Abu-Zaid Mohammed Hassan , Mahmoud Atef Abdelazim , El Gaafary Maha , Kamel Nadia , Fathi Nihal Ahmed , Nasser Ahmed Abdel , Hassan Waleed , Eissa Mervat , Sarhan Eman , Aboalfadl Essam , Mansour Ahmed Ezzat , Mortada Mohamed , Fouad Nermeen Ahmed , Elaraby Ismail , Elnemr Rehab , Medhat Basma M. , Mohamed Sally S. , Ibrahim Rehab Ali , Tabra Samar abd Alhamed , Saber Sally , Franklin Genny , Mokbel Abir
Published: April 2023

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by having varying clinical presentation, severity, unpredictable course as well as outcomes. Recent disease-modifying conventional and biologic agents have enhanced rates of attaining both short- and long-term management goals, including minimization of glucocorticoid dose and use. This study was carried out to develop an up-to-date evidence-based, consensus on clinical practice guidelines for treat-to-target management of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults.

Results

The response rate to the online questionnaires, sent to the expert panel who participated in the three rounds, was 95.5%. At the end of round 3, a total of 14 recommendation sections were proposed for the T2T management of patients with SLE. Agreement with the recommendations (rank 7–9) ranged from 90.9–100%. Consensus was reached (i.e., ≥ 80% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed) on the proposed statements.

Conclusion

These recommendations provide a consensus on the treat-to-target management of patients with SLE. They provide strategies to reach optimal outcomes in common clinical scenarios, based on a combination of evidence and expert opinion.
The back-and-forth method for the quadratic Wasserstein distance-based full-waveform inversion
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Weiguang , Ma Jianwei
Published: April 2023

The conventional least-squares misfit function compares synthetic data to observed data in a point-by-point style. The Wasserstein distance function, also called the optimal transport function, matches patterns. The kinematic information of seismograms is therefore efficiently extracted. This property makes it more convex than the conventional least-squares function. Computing the 1D Wasserstein function is fast. Processing the 2D or 3D seismic data volume trace by trace, however, loses the interreceiver coherency. The main difficulty of extending to the high-dimensional Wasserstein function is the heavy computation cost. This computational challenge can be alleviated by a back-and-forth method. After explaining the computation strategy and incorporating it into full-waveform inversion, we illustrate the superior performances of the high-dimensional Wasserstein function with a Camembert model and the Marmousi model. The superiority is also demonstrated with the Chevron 2014 blind test.
Characteristics of Permian igneous rocks and their petroleum geology implications in the northern part of central Sichuan, Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Tan Lei , Liu Hong , Zhou Gang , Tang Song , Zeng Yunxian , Li Ming , Li Minglong , Hu Dan
Published: April 2023

Based on data from cores, cuttings, thin sections, and logging and seismic activities, the lithofacies, geophysical response, and spatial distribution characteristics of the Permian igneous rocks in the northern part of central Sichuan were analyzed and summarized. Furthermore, the eruption and filling processes of the igneous rocks were restored, and the hydrocarbon geologic significance of the volcanic eruption events was investigated. The results reveal that the igneous rocks in this area are volcanic overflow facies and sedimentary facies, with volcanic lava and pyroclastic rocks developed. Only one eruption cycle occurred vertically. The igneous rocks exhibit low natural gamma ray, low acoustic, high compensation neutron logging, high density, and high resistivity logging values. The seismic responses are characterized by multiaxial, flexural, and upward arching. The plane distribution shape is an inverted U, with a nearly east–west linear distribution. The igneous rocks in the area were emplaced via a fissure eruption along the basement faults in the early Longtan. The eruption-filling process can be roughly divided into four stages: the deposition of the Maokou Formation, the geomorphological embryonic stage, the geomorphological differentiation stage, and the volcanic eruption and filling stage. The underdevelopment of primary pores and the lack of dissolution in the later stage led to poor igneous reservoir performance, which limits the igneous reservoir hydrocarbon exploration prospect. However, the early faulting activity resulted in the differentiation of the Maokou Formation sedimentary and karst landforms. The thermodynamic conditions created by the later eruption of the igneous rocks, sufficient Mg2+ sources, and favorable geomorphological units laid a good foundation for the development of the dolomite reservoirs in the Maokou Formation. Among them, the karst slopes and highland areas of the Maokou Formation along the two sides of the strip of igneous rocks are dominant areas for the development of the dolomite reservoirs in the Maokou Formation.
Perioperative Therapy for Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Weighing Options for the Present and Future
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , West Howard Jack
Published: April 2023

Anatomic surgical resection followed by cisplatin-based platinum-doublet adjuvant chemotherapy has been a long-standing standard of care for patients with early-stage, resectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More recently, incorporating of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the perioperative setting has demonstrated improved disease-free or event-free survival in biomarker-defined subsets of patients. This article summarizes the results of major trials that led to approvals beyond chemotherapy in the perioperative setting. Alongside adjuvant osimertinib as a favored strategy for patients with EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC, there are competing potential standards of care for integrating immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant versus adjuvant setting, with advantages and disadvantages for each strategy. Emerging data in the coming years will provide further insight that may potentially lead to a combination of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment for many patients. Future trials should focus on clarifying the benefit of each component of treatment, defining an optimal treatment duration, and incorporating minimal residual disease to optimize treatment decisions.
Visit to Visit Hemoglobin A1c Variation and Long-term Risk of Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Chih , Chan Yi-Hsin , Tung Ying-Chang , Lin Chia-Pin , Lee Ting-Hein , Wang Yu-Chiang , Chu Pao-Hsien
Published: April 2023

Context

Glycemic variation had been demonstrated to be associated with several complications of diabetes.

Objective

Investigation of the association between visit to visit hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variation and the long-term risk of major adverse limb events (MALEs).

Methods

Retrospective database study. Average real variability was used to represent glycemic variations with all the HbA1c measurements during the 4 following years after the initial diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Participants were followed from the beginning of the fifth year until death or the end of the follow-up. The association between HbA1c variations and MALEs was evaluated after adjusting for mean HbA1c and baseline characteristics. Included were 56 872 patients at the referral center with a first diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, no lower extremity arterial disease, and at least 1 HbA1c measurement in each of the 4 following years were identified from a multicenter database. The main outcome measure was incidence of a MALE, which was defined as the composite of revascularization, foot ulcers, and lower limb amputations.

Results

The average number of HbA1c measurements was 12.6. The mean follow-up time was 6.1 years. The cumulative incidence of MALEs was 9.25 per 1000 person-years. Visit to visit HbA1c variations were significantly associated with MALEs and lower limb amputation after multivariate adjustment. People in the highest quartile of variations had increased risks for MALEs (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.41) and lower limb amputation (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.97-4.74).

Conclusion

HbA1c variation was independently associated with a long-term risk of MALEs and lower limb amputations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Principles, mechanisms, and biological implications of translation termination–reinitiation
Authors: Sherlock Madeline E. , Baquero Galvis Laura , Vicens Quentin , Kieft Jeffrey S. , Jagannathan Sujatha
Published: April 2023

The gene expression pathway from DNA sequence to functional protein is not as straightforward as simple depictions of the central dogma might suggest. Each step is highly regulated, with complex and only partially understood molecular mechanisms at play. Translation is one step where the “one gene–one protein” paradigm breaks down, as often a single mature eukaryotic mRNA leads to more than one protein product. One way this occurs is through translation reinitiation, in which a ribosome starts making protein from one initiation site, translates until it terminates at a stop codon, but then escapes normal recycling steps and subsequently reinitiates at a different downstream site. This process is now recognized as both important and widespread, but we are only beginning to understand the interplay of factors involved in termination, recycling, and initiation that cause reinitiation events. There appear to be several ways to subvert recycling to achieve productive reinitiation, different types of stresses or signals that trigger this process, and the mechanism may depend in part on where the event occurs in the body of an mRNA. This perspective reviews the unique characteristics and mechanisms of reinitiation events, highlights the similarities and differences between three major scenarios of reinitiation, and raises outstanding questions that are promising avenues for future research.
Ενθυλάκωση του αιθερίου ελαίου της ρίγανης και ενσωμάτωση σε εδώδιμα προϊόντα
Authors: Πλατή Φωτεινή
Published: April 2023

Ο κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η ενθυλάκωση του αιθερίου ελαίου της ρίγανης (ΑΕΡ) μέσω δύο διαφορετικών τεχνικών με απώτερο στόχο τη διατήρηση της βιολογικής του δράσης και την ενσωμάτωση των παραγόμενων σωματιδίων σε πραγματικά συστήματα τροφίμων. Ως πρώτος στόχος τέθηκε η διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας μίας καινοτόμου τεχνικής ενθυλάκωσης, της αφυδάτωσης με καταιονισμό σε μέγεθος νάνο-κλίμακας (Nano spray dryer B-90), να ενθυλακώνει το ΑΕΡ σε ένα τοίχωμα αποτελούμενο από πρωτεϊνικό υπερσυμπύκνωμα ορού γάλακτος και μαλτοδεξτρίνη, σε δύο διαφορετικές αναλογίες. Οι ήπιες συνθήκες που εφαρμόζονται στη συγκεκριμένη τεχνική συνέβαλαν στη συγκράτηση του πτητικού του κλάσματος, και κατά συνέπεια, στη διατήρηση της αντιοξειδωτικής του δράσης και στην ενίσχυση της αντιβακτηριακής του δράσης σε σύγκριση με αυτές που διαπιστώθηκαν από τη μελέτη του πριν την ενθυλάκωση. Δεύτερο στόχο αποτέλεσε η εξέταση της ικανότητας του υπερσυμπυκνώματος μίας πρωτεΐνης φυτικής προέλευσης, της πρωτεΐνης κάνναβης, να δημιουργεί σύμπλοκα συγκαταβύθισης έπειτα από αλληλεπίδραση με το αραβικό κόμμι (HPI-GA). Μελετώντας την επίδραση της μεταβολής των τιμών ενεργού οξύτητας και της αναλογίας ανάμιξης πρωτεΐνης-πολυσακχαρίτη στην αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ των δύο βιοπολυμερών και στην απόδοση της διεργασίας, προσδιορίστηκαν οι βέλτιστες συνθήκες (αναλογία 2:1, pHopt 3,5), οι οποίες στη συνέχεια της έρευνας, αξιοποιήθηκαν για τη μελέτη της ενθυλάκωσης του ΑΕΡ. Η αποτελεσματικότητα του νέου αυτού συστήματος ελέγχθηκε συγκριτικά ως προς το ευρέως μελετημένο του πρωτεϊνικού υπερσυμπυκνώματος του ορού γάλακτος και του αραβικού κόμμεος, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την αύξηση της συγκέντρωσης του ΑΕΡ και των δύο βιοπολυμερών. Τα ικανοποιητικά επίπεδα απόδοσης της ενθυλάκωσης, παράλληλα με την υψηλή ικανότητα διατήρησης των πτητικών ενώσεων του αιθερίου ελαίου και τη διατήρηση ή βελτίωση των αντιοξειδωτικών και αντιβακτηριακών δράσεων του, σε σύγκριση με το σύστημα αναφοράς, υποστήριξαν την περαιτέρω χρήση των συμπλόκων HPI-GA ως εναλλακτικό υλικό τοιχώματος. Τελικός στόχος της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της επίδρασης της ενσωμάτωσης επιλεγμένων σωματιδίων ΑΕΡ, που προέκυψαν εφαρμόζοντας τις δύο προαναφερθείσες τεχνικές, σε προϊόν κρέατος, κατά την αποθήκευσή του σε θερμοκρασία 4 οC για 15 ημέρες. Σημαντική ήταν η επίδρασή τους στις μηχανικές ιδιότητες του προϊόντος, όπου η σκληρότητα φάνηκε να εντείνεται, ενώ ενθαρρυντική ήταν η συμβολή τους στη διατήρηση της οξειδωτικής σταθερότητας των προϊόντων και ιδιαιτέρως του συστήματος που προήλθε από την τεχνική του καταιονισμού. Αναφορικά με τη μικροβιολογική σταθερότητα των προϊόντων, η βιοδραστικότητα των σωματιδίων ΑΕΡ δεν έδειξε σημαντική βελτίωση.
Evaluate the Security Models Performances and Limitations of the Vehicular Network VANETcloudSim
Authors: El ihyaoui Abdelilah , Abdelkader Youssefi My , Mouhsen Ahmed , ELfarnane Abdelhafid
Published: April 2023

The Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has been widely used to improve road safety and comfort. However, security is a big challenge for VANET, in fact, vehicle networks have the same security problems as traditional computer networks, hackers can introduce a dangerous threat to security. The issue of security in VANET networks has attracted a lot of attention from researchers to propose several security models. However, validation and performance testing of proposed solutions in a real or simulated environment remains a difficult problem. In this work, we present VANETcloudSim, it’s a new cloud platform simulator for VANET security solutions. The proposed simulator allows running stress and tests performance, In contrast to the majority of existing simulators, the proposed platform evaluates the performance and limitations of security models, through the execution of performance and stress tests, it is simple to deploy, robust and efficient. This simulator can be deployed on users' local computers or on the cloud platform.
Technology Adoption: Intelligent Agent-based Model for Philippines FTTH Broadband Service Availability
Authors: Joseph M. Licup Robert , Materum Lawrence
Published: April 2023

The vast improvement in broadband service delivery has been achieved mainly in the Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) technology, which was influential during this pandemic in providing connectivity with everyone, thus ensuring high service availability. The evolution of network monitoring systems has helped achieve this by equipping the network engineers in performing corrective or predictive maintenance. However, minimal research has been conducted to investigate how the adoption of technology and different factors attributes, including organizational culture, have helped or served as the bottlenecks in meeting the set service Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) hinged on the system utilization. This study focuses on measuring, predicting, and simulating technology adoption's interdependence with FTTH network monitoring systems to detect last-mile issues and perform necessary maintenance activities. An agent-based simulation via AnyLogic towards broadband service availability is to be drawn from different works of literature and support the creation of a theoretical model. The goal is to have a simulation tool and quantified outcomes to predict the valued indicators that can help the telecommunications sector to be equipped with proper knowledge in understanding the end-to-end broadband service journey that can benefit not only the business but also the subscribers who rely heavily on broadband service.
Tłumaczenie poezji w perspektywie tłumaczenia specjalistycznego
Authors: Bednarczyk Anna
Published: April 2023

TRANSLATION OF POETRY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF SPECIALIST TRANSLATION
The article considers literary texts from the point of view of their realisation of the informational function characteristic of specialised texts. The occurrence of such special elements as realia, proper names, terms in literary texts, and especially in poetic works, has also been pointed out. Attention was drawn to poems devoted to specialised issues, as in the case of Lomonosov’s ode on the benefit of glass. The conclusions to be drawn from this for translation concern first and foremost the endeavour to reproduce in translation the function performed by the ‘chains and grids’ of the aforementioned elements with a particular focus on the informative function. Such a view of text and translation allows the latter to be considered in the context of specialised translation, and by reversing this thought one can treat the translation of specialised texts as a creative work.
Economic Circumstances of the Formation of the International Marshall Plan for the Post-War Reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kolosov A. , Dugin A. ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Chebotaryov V. ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: April 2023

Against the background of the Russian Federation's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, which is still ongoing, Ukraine and the world community are forming a modern Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. At the current moment, such a plan is in a state of very generalized ideas and does not yet reflect many economic circumstances in and around Ukraine on the eve of the start of the process of its post-war reconstruction. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the economic circumstances of the formation of the international Marshall Plan for Ukraine in terms of assessing the dynamics of direct and indirect war losses of Ukraine, the need for labor and financial resources, and the duration of the implementation of the plan's programs. According to published data, the value of Ukraine's direct military losses as a result of full-scale aggression by the Russian Federation at the beginning of autumn 2022 was estimated at 127 billion dollars USA, and the total losses, taking into account indirect losses, are estimated at no less than 750 billion dollars USA. According to the data of the constructed regression model, the amount of direct war losses of Ukraine during the hottest period of the war increased by 320 million dollars every day, which should be taken into account when determining the total amount of funding for the reconstruction of Ukraine under the Marshall Plan being created. It is shown that as a result of the migration of the population during the war, the number of labor resources of Ukraine decreased from 15.9 million to 12.8 million people with a loss of 3.1 million. Counting possible percentage of their involvement in restoration works can be calculated at approximately 2.146 million people who can be directly involved in restoration works. It is shown that when planning the implementation of the Marshall Plan for Ukraine, the duration of the implementation of individual processes and programs is determined by dividing the total estimate of war losses by the monetary estimate of the maximum possible amount of reconstruction works per year, if they are fully financed. If the annual amount of financial resources is not enough, then the planned duration of restoration works must be calculated by dividing the amount of direct losses not by the annual capacity of available labor resources, but by the planned amount of available financial funds. Conclusions regarding the need to take into account the economic circumstances of the formation of the international Marshall Plan for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine are formulated.
Institutionalization and Regulation of the National Economy in the Context of Investment and Industrial Policies
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Zatyshnyak V.
Published: April 2023

The article examines the main theoretical aspects of the process of global institutionalization, its stages, during which institutional units are formed. The impact of globalization on the investment and industrial policy of Ukraine is characterized. The directions of activation of investment activity in Ukraine have been determined. The vision of the industrial policy and the directions by which the industrial base of the national economy should be developed on a modern basis have been formed. Currently, there is no purposeful work on creating a State Industrial Policy Strategy in Ukraine. A number of developed documents are of a local nature, and the Strategy for the Development of the Industrial Complex of Ukraine for the period until 2025 remained in the form of an unapproved project. In Ukraine, new institutional approaches to the formation and implementation of the State Industrial Policy should be introduced with the broad involvement of the expert and scientific environment. The main directions on which the state should focus its regulatory capabilities for the activation of investment activity are, firstly, the formation of an investment image and legal stability, increasing the level of transparency of information and competition policy in investment activity, creating favorable conditions for domestic investors through the implementation of state programs financial support. At the same time, the maximum effect from the implementation of reasonable measures can be achieved only under the condition of an integrated approach, which provides for the parallel solution of the existing problems.
Peculiarities of the Use of the Scrum Approach in the Management System of Information Activities of the Enterprise
Authors:   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communication, Ozarko K. , Chelombytko V. ,   State University of Intellectual Technologies and Communication
Published: April 2023

The problem of applying the scrum approach in the management system of the information activity of the enterprise is considered. The role of information support in the enterprise management system is analyzed. It was determined that the success of the implementation of the mission, goals, tasks of the operation, the efficiency of the development of enterprises depends significantly on the level of awareness of its management system, timeliness, completeness of obtaining information about current, perspective processes of the internal and, most importantly, external environment, as well as the adequacy of the interpretation of the levels of their influence on the vital activities of enterprises. Significant changes observed in recent years in economic conditions, approaches, methods, and management systems have been studied. They contribute to the solution of problems related to ensuring as a current activity, the long-term stable development of enterprises. The main properties of modern information systems of enterprises are highlighted. The main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness (effect) of the use of information systems for enterprises are analyzed. The potential opportunities and advantages of using the scrum approach in the information management systems of enterprises are studied. The members of the scrum team in the organizational structure of the management of information activities of the enterprise, their functional responsibilities are characterized. A conceptual model of the formation and development of enterprise information systems based on the Scrum approach has been developed. The main advantages of using the Scrum approach in the information management system of the enterprise are analyzed. Prospects of using modern information technologies for enterprise management are studied. Their practical application will make any enterprise more competitive by increasing the level of its manageability, faster adaptation to market dynamics, etc. It is substantiated that the appropriate level of information activity of the enterprise, the management process will increase the level of stability, to respond in time to the dynamism of the external environment.
Theoretical and Methodical Principles of Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurs' Profiles
Authors:   University of Lodz, Glinkowska-Krauze B. , Chebotarova N. ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Chebotarov Ie. ,   University of Lodz
Published: April 2023

The formation of a new system of international economic relations requires the substantiation of a reliable basis for cooperation, first of all, between economic entities of different countries in all branches and spheres of the economy. One of the important factors of such justification is the assessment of entrepreneurs' competencies, which is a component of the complex scientific and practical problem of the comparative (comparative) analysis of profiles of entrepreneurs from different countries. This problem becomes especially relevant in the context of the creation of international alliances on the European continent: economic integration associations within the limits of certain rather small countries, which would act according to specific directions and projects at the subregional level. The comparative analysis of profiles of entrepreneurs is the subject of research in a new direction of science – economic comparativistics. This involves a combination of cross-cultural, cross-disciplinary and cross-functional approaches. In the article, on the basis of the generalization of theoretical and scientific-practical developments, which were carried out under two international Ukrainian-Polish projects, an epistemological triad is put forward: "national business culture" – "corporate culture" – "entrepreneur's profile" with a clear definition of these definitions. The integral of evaluating the profiles of entrepreneurs of different countries, which contains three stages, is substantiated. At the first stage, the essence of professional general cultural competences of entrepreneurs is identified: power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and indulgence. The purpose of the second stage is to distinguish and identify the essence of purely entrepreneurial competencies: propensity for entrepreneurship, obligation in business, planning and attitude to control, standardization of business activities, polychromy and self-improvement. The third stage of the proposed integral contains a clear list of methodological requirements-requirements regarding the development and presentation (presentation) of the conclusions of a parallel questionnaire-survey of entrepreneurs of different countries according to specific professional general cultural and entrepreneurial competencies.
Highlighting the Latest Research: March 2023
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: April 2023

Sarah Jane Palmer presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to look at the research in further detail.