bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are Verbal Fluency and Nonliteral Language Comprehension Deficits Related to Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease?
Authors: Tremblay Christina , Monchi Oury , Hudon Carol , Macoir Joël , Monetta Laura
Published: February 2012

Depression in Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently associated with executive deficits, which can influence nonliteral comprehension and lexical access. This study explores whether depressive symptoms in PD modulate verbal fluency and nonliteral language comprehension. Twelve individuals with PD without depressive symptoms, 13 with PD and depressive symptoms (PDDSs), and 13 healthy controls completed a semantic and phonemic verbal fluency task and an indirect speech acts comprehension task. All groups had the same performance in the phonemic fluency task while the PDDS group was impaired in the semantic task. For the indirect speech act comprehension task, no difference was observed between the groups. However, the PDDS group had difficulty answering direct speech act questions. As some language impairments in PD become apparent when depressive symptoms are associated with the disease, it would appear to be important to take the presence of depressive symptoms into account when evaluating language abilities in PD.
ER Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Adipocytes
Authors: Zha Beth S. , Zhou Huiping
Published: February 2012

The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a rapidly emerging field of interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Recent studies have shown that chronic activation of ER stress is closely linked to dysregulation of lipid metabolism in several metabolically important cells including hepatocytes, macrophages, β-cells, and adipocytes. Adipocytes are one of the major cell types involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Recent advances in dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism indicate that activation of ER stress plays a central role in regulating adipocyte function. In this paper, we discuss the current understanding of the potential role of ER stress in lipid metabolism in adipocytes. In addition, we touch upon the interaction of ER stress and autophagy as well as inflammation. Inhibition of ER stress has the potential of decreasing the pathology in adipose tissue that is seen with energy overbalance.
Less Conservative Control Design for Linear Systems with Polytopic Uncertainties via State‐Derivative Feedback
Authors: da Silva Emerson R. P. , Assunção Edvaldo , Teixeira Marcelo C. M. , Buzachero Luiz Francisco S.
Published: February 2012

The motivation for the use of state‐derivative feedback instead of conventional state feedback is due to its easy implementation in some mechanical applications, for example, in vibration control of mechanical systems, where accelerometers have been used to measure the system state. Using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions (PDLF) allowed by Finsler’s lemma, a less conservative approach to the controller design via state‐derivative feedback, is proposed in this work, with and without decay rate restriction, for continuous‐time linear systems subject to polytopic uncertainties. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
A Numerical Method for Lane‐Emden Equations Using Hybrid Functions and the Collocation Method
Authors: Yang Changqing , Hou Jianhua
Published: February 2012

A numerical method to solve Lane‐Emden equations as singular initial value problems is presented in this work. This method is based on the replacement of unknown functions through a truncated series of hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Chebyshev polynomials. The collocation method transforms the differential equation into a system of algebraic equations. It also has application in a wide area of differential equations. Corresponding numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
Objective Assessment of Hypernasality in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate with the NasalView System: A Clinical Validation Study
Authors: Wermker Kai , Jung Susanne , Joos Ulrich , Kleinheinz Johannes
Published: February 2012

Introduction. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the NasalView system as a screening tool for hypernasality within the scope of a routine diagnostic procedure in cleft lip and palate patients.Material and Methods. In a collective of 95 patients with cleft and lip palate ranging from 4 to 25 years of age, hypernasality was exploited perceptually, patients were classified in four degrees, and nasalance was measured objectively with the NasalView system. Speech stimuli existed in one nasal and one nonnasal sentence; nasalance ratio and distance were calculated.Results. The test-retest error was within a range of 2%. Sensitivity ranged from 83.3% to 91.1% for the nonnasal sentence, from 70% to 78.4% for nasalance ratio and from 68.1% to 81.1% for nasalance distance. Specifity ranged from 87% to 93.1% for the nonnasal sentence, from 69.6% to 97.5% for nasalance ratio, and from 70.7% to 73.9% for nasalance distance.Conclusions. With a quick and gentle screening procedure, it is easily possible to identify hypernasal patients by an objective diagnostic tool of hypernasality, the NasalView system, with good reliability and validity.
Presumed Cases of Mumps in Pregnancy: Clinical and Infection Control Implications
Authors: Lozo Svjetlana , Ahmed Ahmed , Chapnick Edward , O'Keefe Mary , Minkoff Howard
Published: February 2012

Recently, a mumps outbreak in New York and New Jersey was reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Subsequently, the dissemination of the disease was rapid, and, from June 28th 2009 through January 29th 2010, a total of 1,521 cases of mumps were reported in New York and New Jersey. Seven presumed cases occurred in pregnant women cared for at our institution. Mumps diagnosis as per the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene was based on clinical manifestations, particularly parotitis. Prior immunizations with mumps vaccine and negative IgM were not adequate to rule out mumps infections. All of our seven patients had exposure to mumps in either their household or their community, and some of the them had symptoms of mumps. Due to the difficulties in interpreting serologies of these patients, their cases led to a presumed diagnosis of mumps. The diagnosis of mumps lead to the isolation of patients and health care personnel that were in contact with them. In this paper, we detail the presenting findings, diagnostic dilemmas and infection control challenges associated with presumed cases of mumps in pregnancy.
Hyaluronan Regulates Cell Behavior: A Potential Niche Matrix for Stem Cells
Authors: Solis Mairim Alexandra , Chen Ying-Hui , Wong Tzyy Yue , Bittencourt Vanessa Zaiatz , Lin Yen-Cheng , Huang Lynn L. H.
Published: February 2012

Hyaluronan is a linear glycosaminoglycan that has received special attention in the last few decades due to its extraordinary physiological functions. This highly viscous polysaccharide is not only a lubricator, but also a significant regulator of cellular behaviors during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, migration, proliferation, and drug resistance in many cell types, including stem cells. Most hyaluronan functions require binding to its cellular receptors CD44, LYVE-1, HARE, layilin, and RHAMM. After binding, proteins are recruited and messages are sent to alter cellular activities. When low concentrations of hyaluronan are applied to stem cells, the proliferative activity is enhanced. However, at high concentrations, stem cells acquire a dormant state and induce a multidrug resistance phenotype. Due to the influence of hyaluronan on cells and tissue morphogenesis, with regards to cardiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis, it is now been utilized as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. This paper summarizes the most important and recent findings regarding the regulation of hyaluronan in cells.
In Vitro Assessment of Cytochrome P450 2C19 Potential of Naoxintong
Authors: Chen Hui , Zhang Ya , Wu Xiaoying , Li Candong , Wang Huan
Published: February 2012

The effects of Buchang Naoxintong Capsules (BNCs) on S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation activities in human liver microsomes in vitro were assessed. Human liver microsome was prepared by different ultracentrifugation. Human liver microsome incubation experiment was carried out to assay BNC on S-mephenytoin 4′-hydroxylation activities. The 4′-hydroxylation of S-mephenytoin, a representative substrate toward CYP2C19, was increased by phenytoin sodium (positive control). After the incubation, the metabolites of the substrates (4′-OH-mephenytoin) were determined by HPLC. Results showed that both phenytoin sodium and BNC showed obvious increase effect on CYP2C19. The enzymatic reaction of BNC was observed with concentrations ranging from 5 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL. Compared to blank, the increase effect of BNC showed significant difference from the beginning of concentration of 150 μg/mL (P<0.001). The conclusion was that BNC showed obvious increase effect on the catalytic activities of drug-metabolising CYP2C19 enzyme.
Apathy as Marker of Frail Status
Authors: Semprini Roberta , Lubrano Adele , Misaggi Giulia , Martorana Alessandro
Published: February 2012

Frailty is a complex and dynamic condition associated with aging. This condition is characterised by the difficult adaptation of an old subject to new challenges occurring during life. Frailty is supposed to be due to the progressive decrease of physiological reserves and multiorgan and multisystem change. It coincides with a reduced or absent resilience. In general comorbidities like hypertension, heart disease, inflammation and infectious diseases are potential risk factors for and psychophysical decline. The aim of this work is to highlight the importance of impaired cognition as factor predisposing to frailty. The authors are convinced and suggest that the presence of neurobehavioral disturbance like apathy associated to impaired executive function could be the major predisposing factor for frailty and unsuccessful aging. Unfortunately available literature largely underestimates the presence of these factors. Thus to better identify markers of frailty, a good neuropsychological assessment and the evaluation of behavioural disturbances are suggested.
Selectivity of Brij-35 in Micellar Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Positional Isomers
Authors: Memon Najma , Shaikh Huma I. , Solangi Amber R.
Published: February 2012

Implementation of Brij-35, a nonionic surfactant, as a mobile phase for separation of positional isomers is investigated. Chromolith C-18 SpeedROD is used as a stationary phase. The effect of surfactant and organic modifier (propanol) concentration on the separation of some selected isomers is studied and evaluated in terms of linear solvation energy relationship (LSER). Shape selectivity is assessed by α value of sorbic and benzoic acid, which is found to be 1.339 by using mobile phase composed of 0.5% aqueous solutions of Brij-35 and propanol in 9 : 1. Isomers of parabens, nitroanilines, nitrophenols, and quinolinols are successfully separated using mobile phases composed of various percentages of surfactant and propanol. System constants for nonionic MLC using LSER analysis show that hydrogen bond basicity and dipolarity may be major contributors to selectivity, while excess molar refraction helps fine-tuning the separation which also imparts unique selectivity to nonionic surfactants as compared to ionic ones.
111Indium Labelling of Recombinant Activated Coagulation Factor VII: In Vitro and Preliminary In Vivo Studies in Healthy Rats
Authors: Nalla Amarnadh , Buch Inge , Sigvardt Maibritt , Bodholdt Rasmus Poul , Kjaer Andreas , Hesse Birger
Published: February 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate whether 111Indium-labelled recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) could be a potential radiopharmaceutical for localization of bleeding sources. DTPA-conjugated rFVIIa was radiolabelled with 111In chloride. In vitro binding efficiency of 111In-DTPA-rFVIIa to F1A2-Mab-sepharose was 99% in buffer, while it was 88–82% in serum. The binding efficiency of 111In-DTPA-rFVIIa to TF (1–209)-sepharose was 48% in buffer whereas 39%–36% in serum, respectively. In vivo experiment was conducted in healthy rats, and gamma camera images were taken immediately after iv. administration of 1.6–1.8 MBq 111In-DTPA-rFVIIa up to 120–130 min. Five min after administration of 111In-DTPA-rFVIIa, percentage of 111In activity was 6.0% in the cardiac region and 24.5% in the liver region. After 2 hours activity was decreased to 3.3% in heart while it had increased to 42.0% in the liver. The 111In-DTPA-rFVIIa might be a potential radiopharmaceutical for visualisation of tissues with significant TF expression such as acute bleeding lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.
Hesperetin, a Selective Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, Effectively Suppresses Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness without Influencing Xylazine/Ketamine-Induced Anesthesia
Authors: Shih Chung-Hung , Lin Ling-Hung , Hsu Hsin-Te , Wang Kuo-Hsien , Lai Chi-Yin , Chen Chien-Ming , Ko Wun-Chang
Published: February 2012

Hesperetin, a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 inhibitor, is present in the traditional Chinese medicine, “Chen Pi.” Therefore, we were interested in investigating its effects on ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced airway hyperresponsiveness, and clarifying its rationale for ameliorating asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hesperetin was revealed to have a therapeutic (PDE4H/PDE4L) ratio of >11. Hesperetin (10 ~ 30 μmol/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) dose-dependently and significantly attenuated the airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine. It also significantly suppressed the increases in total inflammatory cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, and levels of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It dose-dependently and significantly suppressed total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E levels in the BALF and serum. However, hesperetin did not influence xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia, suggesting that hesperetin has few or no emetic effects. In conclusion, the rationales for ameliorating allergic asthma and COPD by hesperetin are anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, and bronchodilation.
Increased Urine IgM and IgG2Levels, Indicating Decreased Glomerular Size Selectivity, Are Not Affected by Dalteparin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Torffvit Ole , Kalani Majid , Apelqvist Jan , Eliasson Björn , Eriksson Jan W. , Brismar Kerstin , Jörneskog Gun
Published: February 2012

Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcers were randomised to treatment with 5000 IU of dalteparin, (n=28), or physiological saline, (n=26), once daily until ulcer healing or for a maximum of 6 months. Thirty-three patients had normo-, 15 micro-, and 6 macroalbuminuria. The urinary levels of IgM and IgG2were elevated in 47 and 50 patients, respectively. Elevated urinary levels of IgM and IgG2indicate decreased glomerular size selectivity. Urine IgM levels were associated with IGF-1/IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-1 levels. Dalteparin treatment increased urinary levels of glycosaminoglycans (P<0.001) and serum IGFBP-1 (P<0.05) while no significant effects were seen in any of the other studied parameters. In conclusion, dalteparin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes had no effects on urinary levels of albumin, IgM, or IgG2despite significantly increased glycosaminoglycans in urine. Elevated urinary levels of IgM and IgG2might be more sensitive markers of renal disease than albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and antihypertensive therapy.
Analytical and Semi‐Analytical Treatment of the Satellite Motion in a Resisting Medium
Authors: Abd El-Bar S. E. , Abd El-Salam F. A.
Published: February 2012

The orbital dynamics of an artificial satellite in the Earth′s atmosphere is considered. An analytic first‐order atmospheric drag theory is developed using Lagrange′s planetary equations. The short periodic perturbations due to the geopotential of all orbital elements are evaluated. And to construct a second‐order analytical theory, the equations of motion become very complicated to be integrated analytically; thus we are forced to integrate them numerically using the method of Runge‐Kutta of fourth order. The validity of the theory is checked on the already decayed Indian satellite ROHINI where its data are available.
Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Genetic Repair to Cure Genetic Diseases
Authors: Adiwinata Pawitan Jeanne
Published: February 2012

In genetic diseases, where the cells are already damaged, the damaged cells can be replaced by new normal cells, which can be differentiated from iPSC. To avoid immune rejection, iPSC from the patient’s own cell can be developed. However, iPSC from the patients’s cell harbors the same genetic aberration. Therefore, before differentiating the iPSCs into required cells, genetic repair should be done. This review discusses the various technologies to repair the genetic aberration in patient-derived iPSC, or to prevent the genetic aberration to cause further damage in the iPSC-derived cells, such as Zn finger and TALE nuclease genetic editing, RNA interference technology, exon skipping, and gene transfer method. In addition, the challenges in using the iPSC and the strategies to manage the hurdles are addressed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Effect of Plaques in the Left Coronary Artery
Authors: Chaichana Thanapong , Sun Zhonghua , Jewkes James
Published: February 2012

This study was to investigate the hemodynamic effect of simulated plaques in left coronary artery models, which were generated from a sample patient’s data. Plaques were simulated and placed at the left main stem and the left anterior descending (LAD) to produce at least 60% coronary stenosis. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to simulate realistic physiological conditions that reflect thein vivocardiac hemodynamics, and comparison of wall shear stress (WSS) between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models was performed. The pressure gradient (PSG) and flow velocities in the left coronary artery were measured and compared in the left coronary models with and without presence of plaques during cardiac cycle. Our results showed that the highest PSG was observed in stenotic regions caused by the plaques. Low flow velocity areas were found at postplaque locations in the left circumflex, LAD, and bifurcation. WSS at the stenotic locations was similar between the non-Newtonian and Newtonian models although some more details were observed with non-Newtonian model. There is a direct correlation between coronary plaques and subsequent hemodynamic changes, based on the simulation of plaques in the realistic coronary models.
The Immune Response toTrypanosoma cruzi: Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Perspectives for Vaccine Development
Authors: Rodrigues Mauricio M. , Oliveira Ana Carolina , Bellio Maria
Published: February 2012

In the past ten years, studies have shown the recognition ofTrypanosoma cruzi-associated molecular patterns by members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and demonstrated the crucial participation of different TLRs during the experimental infection with this parasite. In the present review, we will focus on the role of TLR-activated pathways in the modulation of both innate and acquired immune responses toT. cruziinfection, as well as discuss the state of the art of vaccine research and development against the causative agent of Chagas disease (or American trypanosomiasis).
Modeling and Calibration for Crack Detection in Circular Shafts Supported on Bearings Using Lateral and Torsional Vibration Measurements
Authors: Tlaisi A. , Swamidas A. S. J. , Haddara M. R. , Akinturk A.
Published: February 2012

In this paper the requisite foundational numerical and experimental investigations that are carried out, to model the “uncracked and cracked” shaft and to identify its bending and torsional vibration responses, are reported. The cylindrical shaft used in this experimental study is continuous over two spans (with a cantilever span carrying a propeller) with ball-bearing supports. During modal tests the backward end of shaft (away from the propeller end and connecting it to an electric motor, required for online monitoring) is fixed to one of the test frame supports; later on this backward end will be connected to an electric motor to carry out online modal monitoring for crack identification. In the numerical study, beam elements are used for modeling the bending and torsional vibrations of the rotating shaft. The paper describes in detail the numerical “linear spring” models developed for representing the effects of “ball bearings and the (experimental test) frame supports” on the vibration frequencies. Shaft response parameters are obtained using modal analysis software, LMS Test Lab, for bending vibrations monitored using accelerometers, and three “sets” of shear strain gages fixed at three different shaft locations measure the torsional vibrations. Effects of different crack depths on bending and torsional frequencies and mode shapes are investigated experimentally and numerically, and the results interpreted to give better comprehension of its vibratory behavior.
A Measurement System for the Position and Phase Errors of the Elements in an Antenna Array Subject to Mutual Coupling
Authors: Lindgren Tore , Borg Johan
Published: February 2012

When deploying large antenna arrays in arctic environments, a local measurement system may be necessary in order to ensure control over the position and phase of the individual antenna elements. In this paper, a method of estimating the position and phase of each individual antenna element in the presence of mutual coupling is presented. It uses both measurements of the scattering matrix in the array and measurements of the electric field using a minimum of four probes located in the near field of the array. Simulations show that the method gives accurate results even in the presence of noise in the measurements. The geometry of the probe-array system affects the performance significantly.
JAK2Inhibition: Reviewing a New Therapeutical Option in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Bellido Mar , te Boekhorst Peter A. W.
Published: February 2012

JAK2is a tyrosine kinase gene that plays an essential role in the development of normal haematopoiesis. Hyperactivation ofJAK2occurs in myeloproliferative neoplasms by different mechanisms. As a consequence,JAK2inhibitors have been designed to suppress the cytokine signalling cascade caused by the constitutive activation ofJAK2. In clinical trials,JAK2inhibitors are efficient in decreasing spleen size, controlling clinical symptoms, and improving quality of life in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. However,JAK2inhibitors are unable to target uncommitted hematopoietic progenitors responsible of the initiation of the myeloproliferative disease. It is expected that, in order to cure the myeloproliferative disease,JAK2inhibitors should be combined with other drugs to target simultaneously different pathways and to target the initiator hematopoietic cell population in myeloproliferative disorders. Taking advantage of the inhibition of the cytokine cascade ofJAK2inhibitors, these compounds are going to be used not only to treat patients with hematological neoplasms but may also be beneficial to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory diseases.
Varicose Veins: Role of Mechanotransduction of Venous Hypertension
Authors: Atta Hussein M.
Published: February 2012

Varicose veins affect approximately one-third of the adult population and result in significant psychological, physical, and financial burden. Nevertheless, the molecular pathogenesis of varicose vein formation remains unidentified. Venous hypertension exerted on veins of the lower extremity is considered the principal factor in varicose vein formation. The role of mechanotransduction of the high venous pressure in the pathogenesis of varicose vein formation has not been adequately investigated despite a good progress in understanding the mechanomolecular mechanisms involved in transduction of high blood pressure in the arterial wall. Understanding the nature of the mechanical forces, the mechanosensors and mechanotransducers in the vein wall, and the downstream signaling pathways will provide new molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of varicose veins. This paper summarized the current understanding of mechano-molecular pathways involved in transduction of hemodynamic forces induced by blood pressure and tries to relate this information to setting of venous hypertension in varicose veins.
Serum FSH Levels in Coasting Programmes on the hCG Day and Their Clinical Outcomes in IVF ± ICSI Cycles
Authors: Vitthala Srisailesh , Bouaziz Jerome , Tozer Amanda , Zosmer Ariel , Al-Shawaf Talha
Published: February 2012

Introduction. Coasting is the most commonly used strategy in prevention of severe OHSS. Serum FSH levels measurements during coasting may aid in optimizing the duration of coasting.Objective(s). To study live birth rates (LBRs), clinical pregnancy rates (CPRs), and optimal duration of coasting based on serum FSH levels on the hCG day.Materials and Methods.It is a retrospective study performed between 2005 and 2008 at Barts and The London Centre for Reproductive Medicine, NHS Trust, London, UK, on 349-coasted women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for IVF ± ICSI. The serum FSH level measurements on the hCG day during coasting programme were analysed to predict the LBR and CPR.Result(s). LBR and CPR were significantly higher when the FSH levels on the hCG day were >2.5 IU/L (LBR: 32.5%,P= 0.045 and CPR: 36.9%,P= 0.027) compared to FSH <2.5 IU/L. The optimal FSH cut-off level for LBR and CPR is 5.6 IU/L on the hCG day. The optimal cutoff for coasting is 4 days.Conclusion(s). Coasting may be continued as long as either serum FSH level is > 2.5 IU/L on the hCG day without compromising the LBR and CPR or to maximum of 4 days.
Establishment of a Comprehensive Epilepsy Center in Pakistan: Initial Experiences, Results, and Reflections
Authors: Tahir M. Zubair , Sobani Zain A. , Quadri S. A. , Ahmed S. Nizam , Sheerani Mughis , Siddiqui Fowzia , Boling Warren W. , Enam Syed Ather
Published: February 2012

Background. Developing countries, home to 80% of epilepsy patients, do not have comprehensive epilepsy surgery programs. Considering these needs we set up first epilepsy surgery center in Pakistan. Methods. Seventeen teleconferences focused on setting up an epilepsy center at the Aga Khan University (AKU), Karachi, Pakistan were arranged with experts from the University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta, Canada and the University of West Virginia, USA over a two-year period. Subsequently, the experts visited the proposed center to provide hands on training. During this period several interactive teaching sessions, a nationwide workshop, and various public awareness events were organized. Results. Sixteen patients underwent surgery, functional hemispherectomy (HS) was done in six, anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) in six, and neuronavigation-guided selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) using keyhole technique in four patients. Minimal morbidity was observed in ATL and, SAH groups. All patients in SAH group (100%) had Grade 1 control, while only 5 patients (83%) in ATL group, and 4 patients (66%) in HS group had Grade 1 control according to Engel’s classification, in average followups of 12 months, 24 months and 48 months for SAH, ATL, and HS, respectively. Conclusion. As we share our experience we hope to set a practical example for economically constrained countries that successful epilepsy surgery centers can be managed with limited resources.
A Review of Hearing Loss in Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Gani Bilal , Kinshuck A. J. , Sharma R.
Published: February 2012

Background. Cleft palate is associated with recurrent otitis media with effusion and hearing loss. This study analysed the way these patients’ hearing is managed in Alder Hey Children’s Hospital.Method. A retrospective audit was carried out on cleft palate patients in Alder Hey Children’s Hospital. Audiology assessment and treatment options were reviewed. Comparisons were made between the use of ventilation tubes (VTs) and hearing aids (HAs). The types of cleft, types of hearing loss, and the management output of the audiology regions were also reviewed.Results. The audiology assessments of 254 patients were examined. The incidence of VT insertion in this group of patients was 18.9%. The hearing aid incidence rate was 10.1%. The VT-related complication rate was 25.5% and the HA related complication rate was 9.1%.Conclusion. The data demonstrates that both treatments are viable, and a new protocol which combines the short term benefit of VT insertion with the lower complication rate of HA is required.
TCR Gene Transfer: MAGE-C2/HLA-A2 and MAGE-A3/HLA-DP4 Epitopes as Melanoma-Specific Immune Targets
Authors: Straetemans Trudy , van Brakel Mandy , van Steenbergen Sabine , Broertjes Marieke , Drexhage Joost , Hegmans Joost , Lambrecht Bart N. , Lamers Cor , Bruggen Pierre van Der , Coulie Pierre G. , Debets Reno
Published: February 2012

Adoptive therapy with TCR gene-engineered T cells provides an attractive and feasible treatment option for cancer patients. Further development of TCR gene therapy requires the implementation of T-cell target epitopes that prevent “on-target” reactivity towards healthy tissues and at the same time direct a clinically effective response towards tumor tissues. Candidate epitopes that meet these criteria are MAGE-C2336-344/HLA-A2 (MC2/A2) and MAGE-A3243-258/HLA-DP4 (MA3/DP4). We molecularly characterized TCRαβgenes of an MC2/A2-specific CD8 and MA3/DP4-specific CD4 T-cell clone derived from melanoma patients who responded clinically to MAGE vaccination. We identified MC2/A2 and MA3/DP4-specific TCR-Vα3/Vβ28 and TCR-Vα38/Vβ2 chains and validated these TCRsin vitroupon gene transfer into primary human T cells. The MC2 and MA3 TCR were surface-expressed and mediated CD8 T-cell functions towards melanoma cell lines and CD4 T-cell functions towards dendritic cells, respectively. We intend to start testing these MAGE-specific TCRs in phase I clinical trial.
Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforation Treated with Endoscopic Placement of Metallic Clips: A Case Report
Authors: Solomon Missale , Schlachterman Alexander , Morgenstern Ricardo
Published: February 2012

Perforation is one of the major complications encountered during endoscopic procedures. The standard of care for these complications is either surgical intervention or nonoperative medical approach with antibiotics and bowel rest with or without parenteral alimentation. Metallic clips, initially developed to secure hemostasis in bleeding, have been successfully used to close perforations in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) including the duodenum. This avoids perioperative morbidities associated with surgical intervention while limiting the leakage of intestinal contents and peritoneal contamination that is possible with medical management. We present a case of a patient with a lateral duodenal perforation during an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) which was successfully treated with immediate placement of metallic endoclips.
Solid Dynamic Models for Analysis of Stress and Strain in Human Hearts
Authors: Guan Qiu , Lu Miaomiao , Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Cao
Published: February 2012

This paper proposes a solid model based on four-dimensional trivariate B-spline for strain and stress analysis of ventricular myocardium. With a series of processing steps in the four-dimensional medical images, the feature points of ventricular inner and outer wall are obtained. A B-spline surface is then used to build the dynamic deformation model of the myocardial walls. With such a surface model, a hexahedron control mesh can be constructed by sweeping the cloud data, and the ventricular solid model is built by fitting the trivariate B-spline parameters. Based on these models, a method of isogeometric analysis can be applied to calculate the stress and strain continuously distributed in the ventricle. The model is represented smoothly in the cylindrical coordinate system and is easy to measure myocardium dynamics for finding abnormal motion. Experiments are carried out for comparing the stress and strain distribution. It is found that the solid model can determine ventricular dynamics which can well reflect the deformation distribution in the heart and imply early clues of cardiac diseases.
Calculation for Primary Combustion Characteristics of Boron-Based Fuel-Rich Propellant Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Wan'e Wu , Zuoming Zhu
Published: February 2012

A practical scheme for selecting characterization parameters of boron-based fuel-rich propellant formulation was put forward; a calculation model for primary combustion characteristics of boron-based fuel-rich propellant based on backpropagation neural network was established, validated, and then was used to predict primary combustion characteristics of boron-based fuel-rich propellant. The results show that the calculation error of burning rate is less than %; in the formulation range (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene 28%–32%, ammonium perchlorate 30%–35%, magnalium alloy 4%–8%, catocene 0%–5%, and boron 30%), the variation of the calculation data is consistent with the experimental results.
New Insights on the Inflammatory Role ofLutzomyia longipalpisSaliva in Leishmaniasis
Authors: Prates Deboraci Brito , Araújo-Santos Théo , Brodskyn Cláudia , Barral-Netto Manoel , Barral Aldina , Borges Valéria Matos
Published: February 2012

When an haematophagous sand fly vector insect bites a vertebrate host, it introduces its mouthparts into the skin and lacerates blood vessels, forming a hemorrhagic pool which constitutes an intricate environment of cell interactions. In this scenario, the initial performance of host, parasite, and vector “authors” will heavily influence the course ofLeishmaniainfection. Recent advances in vector-parasite-host interaction have elucidated “co-authors” and “new roles” not yet described. We review here the stimulatory role ofLutzomyia longipalpissaliva leading to inflammation and try to connect them in an early context ofLeishmaniainfection.
Leydig Cell Tumor Associated with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in a Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Charfi Nadia , Kamoun Mahdi , Feki Mnif Mouna , Mseddi Neila , Mnif Fatma , Kallel Nozha , Ben Naceur Basma , Rekik Nabila , Fourati Hela , Daoud Emna , Mnif Zainab , Hadj Sliman Mourad , Sellami-Boudawara Tahia , Abid Mohamed
Published: February 2012

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describes a group of inherited autosomal recessive disorders characterized by enzyme defects in the steroidogenic pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. Chronic excessive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation may result in hyperplasia of ACTH-sensitive tissues in adrenal glands and other sites such as the testes, causing testicular masses known as testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs). Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are make up a very small number of all testicular tumors and can be difficult to distinguish from TARTs. This distinction is interesting because LCTs and TARTs require different therapeutic approaches. Hereby, we present an unusual case of a 19-year-old patient with CAH due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, who presented with TARTs and an epididymal Leydig cell tumor.
Chromosomal Location ofHCA1andHCA2, Hybrid Chlorosis Genes in Rice
Authors: Ichitani Katsuyuki , Takemoto Yuma , Iiyama Kotaro , Taura Satoru , Sato Muneharu
Published: February 2012

Many postzygotic reproductive barrier forms have been reported in plants: hybrid weakness, hybrid necrosis, and hybrid chlorosis. In this study, linkage analysis of the genes causing hybrid chlorosis in F2generation in rice,HCA1andHCA2, was performed.HCA1andHCA2are located respectively on the distal regions of the short arms of chromosomes 12 and 11. These regions are known to be highly conserved as a duplicated chromosomal segment. The molecular mechanism causing F2chlorosis deduced from the location of the two genes was discussed. The possibility of the introgression of the chromosomal segments encompassingHCA1and/orHCA2was also discussed from the viewpoint of Indica-Japonica differentiation.
Impact of Hemodialysis Catheter Dysfunction on Dialysis and Other Medical Services: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Griffiths Robert I. , Newsome Britt B. , Leung Grace , Block Geoffrey A. , Herbert Robert J. , Danese Mark D.
Published: February 2012

Practice guidelines define hemodialysis catheter dysfunction as blood flow rate (BFR) <300 mL/min. We conducted a study using data from DaVita and the United States Renal Data System to evaluate the impact of catheter dysfunction on dialysis and other medical services. Patients were included if they had ≥8 consecutive weeks of catheter dialysis between 8/2004 and 12/2006. Actual BFR <300 mL/min despite planned BFR ≥300 mL/min was used to define catheter dysfunction during each dialysis session. Among 9,707 patients, the average age was 62,53% were female, and 40% were black. The median duration of catheter dialysis was 190 days, and the cohort accounted for 1,075,701 catheter dialysis sessions. There were 70,361 sessions with catheter dysfunction, and 6,33 1 (65.2%) patients had at least one session with catheter dysfunction. In multivariate repeated measures analysis, catheter dysfunction was associated with increased odds of missing a dialysis session due to access problems (Odds ratio [OR] 2.50;P<0.001), having an access-related procedure (OR 2.10;P<0.001), and being hospitalized (OR 1.10;P=0.001). Catheter dysfunction defined according to NKF vascular access guidelines results in disruptions of dialysis treatment and increased use of other medical services.
Cancer Cell Adhesion and Metastasis: Selectins, Integrins, and the Inhibitory Potential of Heparins
Authors: Bendas Gerd , Borsig Lubor
Published: February 2012

Cell adhesion molecules play a significant role in cancer progression and metastasis. Cell-cell interactions of cancer cells with endothelium determine the metastatic spread. In addition, direct tumor cell interactions with platelets, leukocytes, and soluble components significantly contribute to cancer cell adhesion, extravasation, and the establishment of metastatic lesions. Clinical evidence indicates that heparin, commonly used for treatment of thromboembolic events in cancer patients, is beneficial for their survival. Preclinical studies confirm that heparin possesses antimetastatic activities that lead to attenuation of metastasis in various animal models. Heparin contains several biological activities that may affect several steps in metastatic cascade. Here we focus on the role of cellular adhesion receptors in the metastatic cascade and discuss evidence for heparin as an inhibitor of cell adhesion. While P- and L-selectin facilitation of cellular contacts during hematogenous metastasis is being accepted as a potential target of heparin, here we propose that heparin may also interfere with integrin activity and thereby affect cancer progression. This review summarizes recent findings about potential mechanisms of tumor cell interactions in the vasculature and antimetastatic activities of heparin.
Murine Models of B-Cell Lymphomas: Promising Tools for Designing Cancer Therapies
Authors: Donnou Sabrina , Galand Claire , Touitou Valérie , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Fabry Zsuzsanna , Fisson Sylvain
Published: February 2012

Human B-cell lymphomas, the fourth most common hematologic malignancy, are currently the subject of extensive research. The limited accessibility of biopsies, the heterogeneity among patients, and the subtypes of lymphomas have necessitated the development of animal models to decipher immune escape mechanisms and design new therapies. Here, we summarize the cell lines and murine models used to study lymphomagenesis, the lymphoma microenvironment, and the efficacy of new therapies. These data allow us to understand the role of the immune system in the fight against tumors. Exploring the advantages and limitations of immunocompetent versus immunodeficient models improves our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumor genesis and development as well as the fundamental processes governing the interaction of tumors and their host tissues. We posit that these basic preclinical investigations will open up new and promising approaches to designing better therapies.
Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde by Visible Light-Responsive Titania Photocatalyst Filter
Authors: Teng Tun-Ping , Teng Tun-Chien , Pan Shu-I
Published: February 2012

A method is proposed that uses electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to fabricate the titania (TiO2) photocatalyst filter and then successfully modifies it by lithium nitrate (LiNO3) to be visible light responsive such that the modified photocatalyst filter effectively degrades gaseous formaldehyde. The performance of degrading gaseous formaldehyde is evaluated in the photocatalytic circulation reactor for different temperature and light sources. The results show that the modified TiO2photocatalyst filter has much better degradation performance for gaseous formaldehyde than the original TiO2photocatalyst filter regardless of light source, and the performance is better at the higher ambient temperature. The best total average degradation performance of the modified photocatalyst filter is about 9.2% and 16.3% higher than the original photocatalyst filter (P-25, Degussa) for the UVA and visible irradiation, respectively, at 26°C.
Four-Year Trends in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors according to Baseline Abdominal Obesity Status in West-African Adults: The Benin Study
Authors: Sossa Charles , Delisle Hélène , Agueh Victoire , Makoutodé Michel , Fayomi Benjamin
Published: February 2012

The study examined whether abdominal obesity (AO) according to waist circumference was associated with more unfavourable changes in other cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in sub-Saharan Africans. The study included 541 randomly selected and apparently healthy subjects (50% women) aged 25–60 years. Complete data at baseline, 24, and 48 months later was available in 366 subjects. AO was associated with higher CMR at baseline and over the follow-up period, except for high blood pressure. A significantly higher incidence of high ratio of total cholesterol : HDL-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) was associated with AO. Controlling for WC changes, age, baseline diet, and lifestyles, the relative risk (RR) of low HDL-C and high TC/HDL-C was 3.2 (95% CI 1.06–9.61) and 7.4 (95% CI 2.01–25.79), respectively, in AO men; the RR was not significant in women. Over a four-year period, AO therefore appeared associated with an adverse evolution of cholesterolemia in the study population.
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Inhibits Dust Mite Extract-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice
Authors: Lee Hoyoung , Lee Jun Kyoung , Ha Hyekyung , Lee Mee-Young , Seo Chang-Seob , Shin Hyeun Kyoo
Published: February 2012

We examined whether Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (AR) suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced byDermatophagoides farinaein NC/Nga mice. To investigate the effect of AR, we measured the AD severity score, measured plasma levels of IgE and histamine, and performed histological analysis in NC/Nga mice. We also confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of AR by measuring TARC/CCL17 production from LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells and mRNA levels of TARC and MDC/CCL22 in TNF-α/IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. 10 mg/day of AR extract was applied for 4 weeks to NC/Nga mice. Both the AR extract and 0.1% tacrolimus suppressed the development of AD-like skin lesions and reduced dermatitis scores of the back and ear skin. AR extracts caused an inhibition of histological changes induced by repeated application ofD. farinaeand a reduction of IgE and histamine levels in plasma (P<0.05). Furthermore, NO production in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells was diminished in a dose-dependent manner, and hTARC production and TARC and MDC mRNA levels in TNF-α/IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells were diminished by AR. The inhibitory effect of AR on NO, TARC and MDC production may be associated with the suppression of AD-like skin lesions inD. farinae-induced NC/Nga mice.
Dynamics of Lymphocyte Populations duringTrypanosoma cruziInfection: From Thymocyte Depletion to Differential Cell Expansion/Contraction in Peripheral Lymphoid Organs
Authors: Morrot Alexandre , Barreto de Albuquerque Juliana , Berbert Luiz Ricardo , de Carvalho Pinto Carla Eponina , de Meis Juliana , Savino Wilson
Published: February 2012

The comprehension of the immune responses in infectious diseases is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we review current findings on the dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations following experimental acute infection byTrypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. In the thymus, although the negative selection process of the T-cell repertoire remains operational, there is a massive thymocyte depletion and abnormal release of immature CD4+CD8+cells to peripheral lymphoid organs, where they acquire an activated phenotype similar to activated effector or memory T cells. These cells apparently bypassed the negative selection process, and some of them are potentially autoimmune. In infected animals, an atrophy of mesenteric lymph nodes is also observed, in contrast with the lymphocyte expansion in spleen and subcutaneous lymph nodes, illustrating a complex and organ specific dynamics of lymphocyte subpopulations. Accordingly, T- and B-cell activation is seen in subcutaneous lymph nodes and spleen, but not in mesenteric lymph nodes. Lastly, although the function of peripheral CD4+CD8+T-cell population remains to be definedin vivo, their presence may contribute to the immunopathological events found in both murine and human Chagas disease.
NGF, Brain and Behavioral Plasticity
Authors: Berry Alessandra , Bindocci Erika , Alleva Enrico
Published: February 2012

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) was initially studied for its role as a key player in the regulation of peripheral innervations. However, the successive finding of its release in the bloodstream of male mice following aggressive encounters and its presence in the central nervous system led to the hypothesis that variations in brain NGF levels, caused by psychosocial stressor, and the related alterations in emotionality, could be functional to the development of proper strategies to cope with the stressor itself and thus to survive. Years later this vision is still relevant, and the body of evidence on the role of NGF has been strengthened and expanded from trophic factor playing a role in brain growth and differentiation to a much more complex messenger, involved in psychoneuroendocrine plasticity.
Plasma Exchange in Severe Attacks of Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Bonnan Mickael , Cabre Philippe
Published: February 2012

Background. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) attacks are poorly controlled by steroids and evolve in stepwise neurological impairments. Assuming the strong humoral response underlying NMO attacks, plasma exchange (PLEX) is an appropriate technique in severe NMO attacks.Objective. Presenting an up-to-date review of the literature of PLEX in NMO.Methods. We summarize the rationale of PLEX in relation with the physiology of NMO, the main technical aspects, and the available studies.Results. PLEX in severe attacks from myelitis or optic neuritis are associated with a better outcome, depending on PLEX delay (“time is cord and eyes”). NMO-IgG status has no influence. Finally, we build up an original concept linking the inner dynamic of the lesion, the timing of PLEX onset and the expected clinical results.Conclusion. PLEX is a safe and efficient add-on therapy in NMO, in synergy with steroids. Large therapeutic trials are required to definitely assess the procedure and define the time opportunity window.