bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new, highly potent 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorescence turn‐off chemosensor capable of detecting Cu(II) ions in real‐world water samples
Authors: Li Chuang , Han Xintong , Mao Shanshan , Aderinto Stephen Opeyemi , Shi Xinkui , Shen Kesheng , Wu Huilu
Published: May 2018

The synthesis of a new 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorescence turn‐off chemosensor for the effective detection of Cu(II) ions is reported. The chemosensor MAST was characterised by mp, Fourier Transform‐infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis), fluorescence, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. After treatment with Cu(II) ions in coexistence with various competitive metal ions in a dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)/4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution (v/v, 1:1; pH 7.4), the chemosensor demonstrated high selectivity towards Cu(II) ions and a fluorescence quenching of 83.67% was observed. In addition, a good linear response for the chemosensor detecting Cu(II) ions was obtained over the concentration range 0.2–1 μm. The combined results of UV‐vis and fluorescence titrations with the Job plot yielded a 1:1 stoichiometric interaction of the chemosensor with Cu(II) ions. The association constant and detection limit were calculated as 1.37 x 106 m−1 and 1.69 x 10−8 m, respectively. Based on results, the quenching response of MAST towards Cu(II) ions could be ascribed to the reverse‐photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Finally, the proposed chemosensor was applied to quantify Cu(II) ions in real‐world water samples and excellent recovery rates of 98–105.8% were obtained.
Comparison of metabolic responses to the mixed meal tolerance test vs the oral glucose tolerance test after successful clinical islet transplantation
Authors: Forbes Shareen , Lam Anna , Koh Angela , Imes Sharleen , Dinyari Parastoo , Malcolm Andrew J. , Shapiro A. M. James , Senior Peter A.
Published: May 2018

Following islet transplantation, mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTs) are routinely utilized to assess graft function, but how the 90‐minute MMTT glucose value relates to a 120‐minute glucose concentration of ≥11.1 mmol/L used to diagnose diabetes following a standardized 75 g‐OGTT, is not known. We examined this relationship further. Thirteen subjects with Type 1 diabetes and stable transplant grafts, not on exogenous insulin with HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol), were studied on 17 occasions with paired OGTTs and MMTTs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to derive the 90‐minute MMTT glucose threshold associated with a 120‐minute glucose concentration following a 75 g‐OGTT (OGTT120) ≥11.1 mmol/L and their diagnostic accuracy. Studies with OGTT120 ≥11.1 mmol/L (n = 5) had diminished C‐peptide: glucose, greater integrated glucose and diminished insulin: glucose area under the curve (AUC) ratios (0‐120 minutes) and disposition indices; all P < .05, contrasting with MMTTs where no difference in the 90‐minute glucose concentrations, C‐peptide:glucose, integrated glucose, C‐peptide and C‐peptide: glucose AUCs (0‐90 minutes) was seen; all P > .05. A 90‐minute MMTT glucose concentration ≥8.0 mmol/L demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of ≥80% for the diagnosis of OGTT120 ≥11.1 mmol/L; area under ROC curve (mean ± SEM) 73 ± 13%. A 90‐minute MMTT glucose ≥8.0 mmol/L, identifies islet transplant recipients who may require closer monitoring for graft dysfunction.
Outcomes of antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus liver transplant patients off immunosuppression in the direct acting antivirals era: A case series
Authors: Campos‐Varela Isabel , Agudelo Eliana Z. , Terrault Norah A.
Published: May 2018

Background

Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) under antiviral therapy, including direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), has been associated with higher risk of rejection. Whether patients who are not on immunosuppression (IS) during DAA therapy are at higher risk of rejection is unknown.

Methods

Four transplant recipients who were off IS and treated with DAA therapy were identified.

Results

All patients were genotype 1 infection and treated for 12 weeks with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. At the time of DAA therapy, patients were off IS for a median of 9.5 years. Time from liver transplant (LT) to treatment was 12.9 years. Median baseline ALT was 70 IU/L, at follow‐up week 12 was 18 IU/L. No signs of rejection were observed during DAA therapy or follow‐up after the end of therapy. All 4 patients obtained sustained virological response.

Conclusion

Direct‐acting antivirals therapy in HCV patients off IS post‐LT can be successfully undertaken without the need to restart IS.
Composite cutaneous lymphoma of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma‐leg type and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Szablewski Vanessa , Costes‐Martineau Valérie , René Céline , Croci‐Torti Aurélie , Joujoux Jean‐Marie
Published: May 2018

Composite lymphoma (CL) is a rare disease defined by the occurrence of two distinct lymphomas within a single tissue at the same time. We present the case of an 89‐year‐old male with a clinical history of immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The patient presented cutaneous eruption of nodules on the right bottom and arm. An excisional biopsy revealed cutaneous infiltration composed of two components. The first one consisted of large B‐cells with CD20+/MUM1+/BCL2+ phenotype whereas the second one involved the subcutaneous fat in a panniculitic manner, and was CD3+/CD8+/granzyme B+/TCRβF1+. The final diagnosis was CL of primary cutaneous large B‐cell lymphoma‐leg type (PCLBCL‐leg type) and subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma (SPTCL). We report and characterize for the first time coexistent PCLBCL‐leg type and SPTCL in a patient.
Instrument Development and Validation for Conservation Learning: A Tool for More Rigorous Research and Evaluation
Authors: Mast Fran , Zhao Lei , Maldonado Lindsay
Published: May 2018

Modern zoos and aquariums position themselves as sites of conservation learning experiences. With a mantle of economic and public accountability, zoos and aquariums need to understand and promote conservation learning and its related components. While a great deal is known about conservation learning generally, less is known about how visitor experiences in zoos and aquariums impact conservation learning during a visit. This article outlines the need for more rigorous measurement tools for conservation learning in informal learning settings and provides an overview of Shedd Aquarium's work to validate an instrument that reliably and accurately measures aspects of conservation learning in the context of zoo experiences. Initial trends and limitations associated with this validated tool are described. An overview of future research is outlined as are implications for future use of this tool by practitioners and researchers.
867. COELOGYNE ALBOAURANTIA
Authors: Schuiteman André , Cribb Phillip , Want Terry
Published: May 2018

A short overview of the genus Coelogyne is given. C. alboaurantia Elis. George & J.‐C. George from northern Thailand is described and illustrated.
868. COELOGYNE CALCICOLA
Authors: Schuiteman André , Cribb Phillip , Want Terry
Published: May 2018

The rarely‐grown Coelogyne calcicola Kerr, from Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, NE India and Myanmar is described and illustrated. Suggestions for its successful cultivation are given.
869. COELOGYNE WEIXIENSIS
Authors: Schuiteman André , Cribb Phillip , Want Terry
Published: May 2018

Coelogyne weixiensis X.H. Jin, from montane forest in Yunnan is described and illustrated.
870. CYRTANTHUS TAITII
Authors: Duncan Graham
Published: May 2018

The recently described Cyrtanthus taitii G.D. Duncan is a striking, autumn‐flowering species from the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Details of its history, taxonomy, phylogeny, life cycle and cultivation are given, accompanied by a watercolour plate and habitat photographs.
872. COCHEMIEA PONDII subsp. MARITIMA
Authors: Hind Nicholas
Published: May 2018

Cochemiea pondii subsp. maritima is illustrated, the species and all three subspecies described, each provided with a full synonymy, statements on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, phenology, and conservation status. A commentary is given on the re‐acceptance of Cochemiea, separated from Mammillaria. Cultivation notes are provided; the species, and in particular subspecies maritima, is far from common in cultivation and not widely available. The discussion covers aspects of recognition of the subspecies, type collections, related taxa, and comments on the addition of several more species to the genus by Doweld.
874. SALVIA MACROPHYLLA
Authors: Wood John R.I.
Published: May 2018

Salvia macrophylla Benth. from the Andes of South America is described and illustrated. Information is provided about the life of the almost forgotten collector Andrew Mathews, who discovered the plant in 1833. It is placed within both traditional and newer infrageneric classifications of American Salvia and a key to distinguish it from similar species is provided. Current concepts of the genus Salvia are briefly discussed. S. macrophylla is commonly grown in the northern hemisphere and cultivation methods, horticultural varieties and hybrids with S. sagittata are described.
Beyond the Humanism/Posthumanism Debate: The Educational Implications of Said's Critical, Humane Praxis
Authors: Chatelier Stephen
Published: May 2018

The late Edward Said sought to place critique and, indeed, self‐critique at the heart of humanism. While the posthuman critiques surrounding the (im)possibility of humanism in postmodern times tend to focus on human autonomy, rationality, and essentialism, Stephen Chatelier here explores the idea that Said's writing on humanism could help us shift the focus from issues of ontology towards those of practice. Such a move, he argues, prioritizes the ethico‐political aspect of human engagement. Rather than making an attempt to defend Enlightenment or Eurocentric forms of humanism, Chatelier probes two distinct possibilities that arise from Said's democratic humanism. First, he considers to what extent a construction of humanism as practice can enable us to see critical posthumanism as a form of Saidian humanism. Second, he explores how (post)humanist discourse might continue to be of use in precipitating thinking among educators about ethico‐political imperatives of education in an era shaped by complex cultural and political relations and a dominant neoliberal rationality.
What does it take to do successful adaptive management? A case study highlighting Coastal Grassy Woodland restoration at Yanakie Isthmus
Authors: Morgan John , Wright John , Whelan Jim , Clarke Michael , Coulson Graeme , Lunt Ian , Stoner John , Varcoe Tony , Shannon James
Published: May 2018

The case study of the Yanakie Isthmus Coastal Grassy Woodland Restoration Program, Victoria, Australia, illustrates the steps necessary to deliver a complex, long‐term adaptive management project involving a range of stakeholders at a landscape scale. Perspectives of the land manager, scientist and volunteer help to convey successes and lessons learned.
Use of newer antiepileptic drugs and prognosis in adults with status epilepticus: Comparison between 2009 and 2017
Authors: Fatuzzo Daniela , Novy Jan , Rossetti Andrea O.
Published: May 2018

It is unclear whether the outcome of status epilepticus (SE), a neurological emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity, has changed over the past decade. We investigated the difference in prognosis (mortality, functional status at discharge) after adult SE episodes in a large registry between 2 time points (the years 2009 and 2017), exploring factors potentially associated with outcome, with particular attention to use of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Newer AEDs were more often prescribed in SE episodes in 2017 (80.2% vs 38.5%, P < .001); this independently correlated with year of observation, SE refractoriness, nonconvulsive SE forms, and number of AEDs. We observed a higher proportion of deterioration from baseline conditions in 2017 (67.7% vs 42.3%, P < .001), which was independently associated with, among other variables, use of newer AEDs (odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.13‐7.48), whereas mortality seemed more stable over time (16.1% vs 6.3%, P = .08) without any relationship with newer AEDs. These observations suggest that newer AEDs might affect functional status but not mortality. Further investigations are necessary to improve therapeutic strategies, which currently rely on weak evidence.
Improving reliability of species identification and logbook catch reporting by commercial fishers in an Australian demersal shark longline fishery
Authors: Macbeth W. G. , Butcher P. A. , Collins D. , McGrath S. P. , Provost S. C. , Bowling A. C. , Geraghty P. T. , Peddemors V. M.
Published: May 2018

Large adult carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks have been targeted in coastal waters off New South Wales, eastern Australia, by commercial fishers using demersal longlines since 2005. Inaccurate fisher reporting of the composition of catches led in 2008 to a range of complementary management measures to help improve reliability, including a redesigned catch logbook, species identification guide and at‐sea education via an observer programme. This study provides results from assessments of the effectiveness of those measures. A questionnaire yielded overwhelmingly positive feedback from fishers regarding the usefulness of the species identification guide. Comparison of observer‐recorded data and corresponding fisher‐reported logbook data via weighted linear mixed‐effects modelling found that since 2008, misreporting of catches has varied considerably among species and, for some species, among fishers. With some species commonly under‐reported and others frequently over‐reported, it is apparent that certain species were likely mistaken for other morphologically similar species. Such systematic error inherently undermines stock assessments of these vulnerable species. Management strategies designed to include education and extension will ensure greater reliability of fisher reporting of shark catches in the future.
Trait‐related variation in the reproductive characteristics of female pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)
Authors: Olin M. , Vainikka A. , Roikonen T. , Ruuhijärvi J. , Huuskonen H. , Kotakorpi M. , Vesala S. , Ala‐Opas P. , Tiainen J. , Nurminen L. , Lehtonen H.
Published: May 2018

Maternal characteristics typically affect the recruitment of an exploited fish population. The size and age at maturity, as well as the effects of maternal traits on relative fecundity and egg dry weight, were studied in six exploited pikeperch populations in Finnish lakes. The among‐lake variation in the maternal characteristics was substantial. The estimated total length at maturity (L10, L50, L90) varied between 318–444, 403–423 and 444–527 mm, respectively, largely depending on the average growth rate and body condition of pikeperch. The estimated L50 was generally close to the recently imposed national minimum size limit (42 cm). The estimated age at maturity (A50) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9 year. Both relative fecundity and egg dry weight significantly increased with female size and age, indicating size‐ and age‐dependent maternal effects on egg characteristics and quantity, and emphasising the importance of large individuals for reproduction. The observed among‐population differences in the size‐dependent maternal influences highlight the need for stock‐specific management of pikeperch fisheries. The conservation of large females should be promoted to increase recruitment and reduce its variability.
The devil is in the detail: Nonadditive and context‐dependent plant population responses to increasing temperature and precipitation
Authors: Töpper Joachim P. , Meineri Eric , Olsen Siri L. , Rydgren Knut , Skarpaas Olav , Vandvik Vigdis
Published: May 2018

In climate change ecology, simplistic research approaches may yield unrealistically simplistic answers to often more complicated problems. In particular, the complexity of vegetation responses to global climate change begs a better understanding of the impacts of concomitant changes in several climatic drivers, how these impacts vary across different climatic contexts, and of the demographic processes underlying population changes. Using a replicated, factorial, whole‐community transplant experiment, we investigated regional variation in demographic responses of plant populations to increased temperature and/or precipitation. Across four perennial forb species and 12 sites, we found strong responses to both temperature and precipitation change. Changes in population growth rates were mainly due to changes in survival and clonality. In three of the four study species, the combined increase in temperature and precipitation reflected nonadditive, antagonistic interactions of the single climatic changes for population growth rate and survival, while the interactions were additive and synergistic for clonality. This disparity affects the persistence of genotypes, but also suggests that the mechanisms behind the responses of the vital rates differ. In addition, survival effects varied systematically with climatic context, with wetter and warmer + wetter transplants showing less positive or more negative responses at warmer sites. The detailed demographic approach yields important mechanistic insights into how concomitant changes in temperature and precipitation affect plants, which makes our results generalizable beyond the four study species. Our comprehensive study design illustrates the power of replicated field experiments in disentangling the complex relationships and patterns that govern climate change impacts across real‐world species and landscapes.
The Detection of Clusters Using a Spatial Version of the Chi‐Square Goodness‐of‐Fit Statistic
Authors: Rogerson Peter A.
Published: May 2018

A test statistic for the detection of spatial clusters is developed by generalizing the common chi‐square goodness‐of‐fit test. The paper includes a discussion of the relationship between the statistic and other associated statistics, and provides an analysis of both its null distribution and power. The paper concludes with the development of a local version of the statistic and an application to leukemia clustering in central New York.
Assessing Regional Crop Irrigation Requirements and Streamflow Availability for Irrigation Development in Saginaw Bay, Michigan
Authors: He Chansheng
Published: May 2018

Spatial and temporal variability of soil, crop, and climate significantly affects the estimates of regional irrigation requirements. This paper incorporates soil association data and multiple‐station, multiple‐year climate data into four simulation models, CERES‐MAIZE, SOYGRO, BEANGRO, and YIELD to account for the spatial and temporal variability of the input parameters in estimating the evapotranspiration rates and irrigation requirements of corn, drybean, soybean, and sugarbeet production in the Saginaw Bay basin, Michigan. The Thiessen method was used to delineate the spatial coverage of the weather stations in the study watershed. The results of the simulated crop irrigation requirements at the soil association level were multiplied by the weights of each soil association area to derive regional irrigation requirements. The availability of streamflow at different exceedence probabilities was evaluated to determine the maximum irrigation area the stream is able to sustain without causing water quality degradation. Through a case study of the Saginaw Bay irrigation development, this paper demonstrates that the spatial and temporal variability of soil, crop, and climate can be well represented in the simulation models to provide more realistic simulation results in support of irrigation decision making.
Two New Location Covering Problems: The Partial P‐Center Problem and the Partial Set Covering Problem
Authors: Daskin Mark S. , Owen Susan Hesse
Published: May 2018

Two new covering problems are introduced. The partial covering P‐center problem minimizes a coverage distance in such a way that a given fraction of the population is covered. The partial set covering problem seeks the minimum number of facilities needed to cover an exogenously specified fraction of the population within a given coverage distance. The problems are formulated as integer linear programming problems. Bisection search algorithms are outlined for the two problems. The search algorithm repeatedly solves a Lagrangian relaxation of the maximal covering problem. Computational results for the Lagrangian relaxation of the maximal covering problem and for the bisection search algorithms are presented on problems with up to 150 nodes.
A Synthesis of Aggregation Methods for Multifacility Location Problems: Strategies for Containing Error
Authors: Francis Richard L. , Lowe Timothy J. , Rushton Gerard , Rayco M. Brenda
Published: May 2018

When solving a location problem using aggregated units to represent demand, it is well known that the process of aggregation introduces error. Research has focussed on individual components of error, with little work on identifying and controlling total error. We provide a focussed review of some of this literature and suggest a strategy for controlling total error. Consideration of alternative criteria for evaluating aggregation schemes shows that the method selected should be compatible with the objectives of the analyses in which it is used. Experiments are described that show that two different measures of error are related in a nonlinear way to the number of aggregate demand points (q), for any value of the number of facilities (p). We focus on the parameter q/p and show that it is critical for determining the expected severity of the error. Many practical implementations of location algorithms operate within the range of q/p where the rate of change of error with respect to q/p is highest.
The role of the laboratory in diagnosis and management of inhibitory antibodies in haemophilia
Authors: Strandberg K. , Astermark J.
Published: May 2018

The treatment of patients with haemophilia A has remarkably improved over the years and the journey to a potential cure continues. Replacement therapy has been the cornerstone of treatment, and, despite major advances, the development of neutralizing antibodies, eg inhibitors, has thus far not been possible to avoid. How, and to what extent, the new non‐factor‐based options will modify treatment strategy and inhibitor risk is unclear and it is essential that every haemophilia treatment centre is linked to an educated and skilled laboratory performing the relevant inhibitor assays. The current review will focus on when to consider and how to perform inhibitor assay(s) in the management of patients with haemophilia A.
Haemophilia gene therapy: From trailblazer to gamechanger
Authors: Evens H. , Chuah M. K. , VandenDriessche T.
Published: May 2018

Haemophilia is an attractive disease target for gene therapy that fostered the development of the field at large. The delivery of the clotting factor genes into the patients’ cells could be accomplished using different types of gene delivery vehicles or vectors. Adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV) and lentiviral vectors represent some of the most promising gene delivery technologies that allow for a relatively efficient delivery of the therapeutic FVIII and FIX transgenes into the relevant target cells. To reduce the risks associated with insertional mutagenesis due to random vector integration, gene‐editing approaches have also been considered based primarily on zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) and CRISPR/Cas. However, comprehensive analysis of off‐target effects is still required. It is particularly encouraging that relatively stable therapeutic FVIII or FIX expression levels were reached in severe haemophilia patients in recent clinical trials after liver‐directed AAV gene therapy. This success could be ascribed in part to improvements in vector design. In particular, clotting factor levels could be increased by codon optimization of coagulation factor transgenes. Alternatively, incorporation of a hyperactive gain‐of‐function R338L mutation (FIX Padua) in the FIX gene improved the overall efficacy. However, some patients still show transient liver toxicity, especially at high vector doses, possibly due to inflammatory immune responses, requiring the need for transient immunosuppression. The exact immune mechanisms are not fully understood, but may at least in some patients involve an AAV‐capsid specific T cell response. Moreover, there is a need to identify the key factors that contribute to the interpatient variability in therapeutic efficacy and safety after gene therapy.
Bioengineered molecules for the management of haemophilia: Promise and remaining challenges
Authors: Pipe S. W.
Published: May 2018

Recombinant DNA technology has led to accelerating introduction of novel therapeutics for the treatment of haemophilia. This technology has driven the development of recombinant clotting factors, extended half‐life clotting factors, alternative biologics to promote haemostasis and enabled the launch of the gene therapy era for haemophilia. At the core of this technology is the ability to study the structure and function of the native molecules and to apply rational bioengineering to overcome limitations to the existing therapies. Through the study of haemophilia‐causing mutations, site‐directed mutagenesis, detailed structural models and a wide repertoire of animal models, new bioengineering strategies are helping overcome some of the remaining limitations and challenges of traditional clotting factor concentrates. Some of these bioengineering strategies are now being partnered with improvements in vectorology leading to the first wave of successful gene therapy approaches. This study will review past and present bioengineered molecules that are advancing care for haemophilia as well as novel approaches that promise to continue to improve care and outcomes for patients with haemophilia.
Gaining insight into the complexity of pain in patients with haemophilia: State‐of‐the‐art review on pain processing
Authors: Roussel N. A.
Published: May 2018

Despite the high prevalence of recurrent, constant and/or widespread pain in patients with haemophilia (PwH), there is an immense lack of studies examining the (patho)physiology of pain in this population. This contrasts to the bulk of literature in other pain conditions, such as osteoarthritis, low back pain or rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding the complexity of pain allows to better assess and manage pain. In PwH, the first priority is always to exclude bleeding as a cause of pain. An important next step in pain assessment is the evaluation of the predominant pain mechanism (ie nociceptive, neuropathic pain or altered central pain processing) as the treatment approach will be very different according to the underlying pain mechanism. Pain assessment should include both physiological and psychological components. This review summarizes the evidence regarding nociceptive, neuropathic and altered central pain processing in PwH and serves as a research agenda to prioritize pain research in PwH.
Migraine Care Challenges and Strategies in US Uninsured and Underinsured Adults: A Narrative Review, Part 2
Authors: Charleston Larry , Royce Jeffrey , Monteith Teshamae S. , Broner Susan W. , O'Brien Hope L. , Manrriquez Salvador L. , Robbins Matthew S. ,   On behalf of the Underserved Populations in Headache Medicine Special Interest Section of the American Headache Society
Published: May 2018

Objective

To review the challenges and potential solutions in treatment options for quality migraine care in adult patients who are under or uninsured.

Background

The Affordable Care Act has improved access to health care for many; however, those who are underserved continue to face treatment disparities and have inadequate access to appropriate migraine management.

Methods

This manuscript is the second of a 2‐part narrative review which was performed after a series of discussions within the Underserved Populations in Headache Medicine Special Interest Section meetings of the American Headache Society. Literature was reviewed for key concepts underpinning conceptual boundaries and a broad overview of the subject matter. Published guidelines, state‐specific Medicaid websites, headache quality measurement sets, literature review, and expert opinion were used to tailor suggested treatment options and therapeutic strategies. In this second part of our narrative review, we explored migraine care strategies and considerations for underserved and vulnerable adult populations with migraine.

Results

Although common, migraine remains untreated, particularly among those of low socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status may play an important role in the disease progression, prescription of hazardous medications such as opioids, outcomes, and quality of life of patients with migraine and other headache disorders. There are some evidence‐based and guideline supported treatment options available at low cost that include prescription medications and supplements, though approved devices are costly. Resources available online and simple nonpharmacological strategies may be particularly useful in the underserved migraine population.

Conclusions

We identified and discussed migraine treatment barriers that affect underserved populations in the US and summarized practical, cost‐effective strategies to surmount them. However, more research is needed to identify the best cost‐effective measures for migraine management in underserved and vulnerable patients who are uninsured or underinsured.
Physical property anisotropy of foliated fault rocks: Study from the Nobeoka Thrust, Shimanto Belt, southwest Japan
Authors: Hamahashi Mari , Tanikawa Wataru , Hamada Yohei , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Saito Saneatsu , Kimura Gaku
Published: May 2018

To investigate the physical property anisotropies of foliated fault rocks in subduction zones, the hanging wall phyllites and footwall cataclasites exhumed along the Nobeoka Thrust, a fossilized out‐of‐sequence‐thrust in the Shimanto Belt, Japan, was focused. Discrete physical property (electric resistivity, P‐ and S‐wave velocities, and porosity) measurements were conducted employing geologic coordinates (depth‐parallel direction, strike direction, and maximum dip direction of foliation), using the core samples obtained from the Nobeoka Thrust Drilling Project and compared the data to borehole geophysical logs. A higher sample P‐wave velocity (Vp), lower S‐wave velocity (Vs), higher Vp/Vs, and lower sample porosity and resistivity compared to the logs, are inferred to have been caused by the larger sampling scale of the logs and lower fluid saturation of the borehole. The phyllites and cataclasites exhibited substantial vertical and horizontal anisotropy of Vp (0.4–17.3 % and 2.7–13.8 %, respectively), Vs (0.5–56 % and 7.7–43 %, respectively), and resistivity (0.9–119 % and 2.0–65.9 %, respectively). The physical property anisotropies are primarily affected by the dip angles of foliation. The fault rocks that have gentler dip angles exhibit a higher Vp in the strike and maximum dip direction and a lower Vp in the depth‐parallel direction. In contrast, the fault rocks that have steeply dipping structures show a higher Vp in the strike and depth‐parallel directions with a lower velocity in the maximum dip direction. Resistivity anisotropy show a trend opposite to that of the Vp in relation to the dip angles. Our results show lower Vp anisotropy than those obtained in previous studies, which measured wave speeds perpendicular or parallel to foliation under confining pressure. This study highlights the significance of dip angles on vertical properties in geophysical surveys across foliated fault rocks.
Some equivalence results for a bargaining set in finite economies
Authors: Hervés‐Estévez Javier , Moreno‐García Emma
Published: May 2018

We present a bargaining set for finite economies using Aubin's () veto and show its coincidence with the set of Walrasian allocations, providing a discrete approach to the characterization of competitive equilibria obtained by Mas‐Colell () for continuum economies. We also study how the restriction on the formation of coalitions affects the bargaining set. In the last part of the work, using our equivalence result along with some known characterizations of Walrasian allocations, we state additional interpretations of the bargaining set.
Bank regulation when both deposit rate control and capital requirements are socially costly
Authors: Nielsen Carsten Krabbe , Weinrich Gerd
Published: May 2018

The bank regulation reforms in the 1980s and 1990s saw deposit rate ceilings being replaced by minimum capital requirements. However, there seem to be no theoretical studies supporting these reforms; either the two instruments are considered for all practical purposes equivalent, or the conclusion is in favor of deposit regulation. In our model there is a real tradeoff between the two: capital regulation is costly because the opportunity costs of capital are higher than the return from normal banking activities, while deposit rate ceilings may result in an inefficiently large number of banks. We show that, depending on the opportunity costs of banking capital and on the severity of the moral hazard problem they seek to address, each of the two regulatory instruments may welfare‐dominate the other.
Timing of entry and location/product differentiation
Authors: Sun Chia‐Hung
Published: May 2018

This research considers two alternative timing games, the precommitment game and the preemption game, where duopoly firms choose their respective timing of market entry and post‐entry profits are generated by price competition in a spatial model à la Hotelling (). We find that the time of first entry is increasing and the time of second entry is decreasing in location differentiation. The results are robust and valid both from an equilibrium analysis and from a welfare analysis. We also note that the difference in equilibrium entry times is too close from the viewpoint of social welfare.
What can we learn from the Facebook—Cambridge Analytica Scandal?
Authors: Tarran Brian
Published: May 2018

As the data-based political consulting firm shuts its doors, we get the statisticians’ perspective on the story and its impact
Deformations and Smile: 100 years of D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form
Authors: Mardia Kanti V. , Bookstein Fred L. , Khambay Balvinder S. , Kent John T.
Published: May 2018

A century ago, a Scottish biologist published ideas that would be built on generations later by those working in the field of statistical shape analysis. Kanti V. Mardia, Fred L. Bookstein, Balvinder S. Khambay and John T. Kent celebrate D'Arcy Thompson's most famous work on the 70th anniversary of his death
Statistics in Pursuit of Social Justice
Authors: Schramm Harrison , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez , Nestler Scott
Published: May 2018

Data skills are in demand. E-commerce, advertising and artificial intelligence companies are willing to pay substantial sums for statistical knowhow. But statisticians can do more than make their mark in business. They can have real impact on people's lives, write Harrison Schramm, Tracey Pérez Koehlmoos and Scott Nestler
Graphical Interpretations of Data: Upright Types
Authors: Reese R. Allan
Published: May 2018

R. Allan Reese discusses the use of graphs with a live audience, when your main aim is to stop their heads dropping and their eyes closing
Porosity effect on microstructure, mechanical, and fluid dynamic properties of Ti2AlC by direct foaming and gel‐casting
Authors: Potoczek Marek , Chmielarz Anna , Innocentini Murilo D. de M. , da Silva Izabela C. P. , Colombo Paolo , Winiarska Barbara
Published: May 2018

In this study, Ti2AlC foams were fabricated by direct foaming and gel‐casting using agarose as gelling agent. Slurry viscosity, determined by the agarose content (at a fixed solids loading), as well as surfactant concentration and foaming time were the key parameters employed for controlling the foaming yield, and hence the foam porosity after sintering process. Fabricated foams having total porosity in the 62.5‐84.4 vol% range were systematically characterized to determine their pore size and morphology. The effect of the foam porosity on the room‐temperature compression strength and elastic modulus was also determined. Depending on the amount of porosity, the compression strength and Young's modulus were found to be in the range of 9‐91 MPa and 7‐52 GPa, respectively. Permeability to air flow at temperatures up to 700°C was investigated. Darcian (k1) and non‐Darcian (k2) permeability coefficients displayed values in the range 0.30‐93.44 × 10−11 m2 and 0.39‐345.54 × 10−7 m, respectively. The amount of porosity is therefore a very useful microstructural parameter for tuning the mechanical and fluid dynamic properties of Ti2AlC foams.
High‐temperature short‐range compressive responses and contact effect of ultrahigh porosity 3D random fibrous materials
Authors: Li Datao , Yu Wenshan , Xia Wei , Fang Qinzhi , Shen Shengping
Published: May 2018

Through experiments and finite element modeling (FEM) of contacting fibers, we study the compressive responses of a 3‐dimensional (3D) random fibrous (RF) material of ultrahigh porosity (89%) in the through‐the‐thickness (TTT) and in‐plane (IP) directions from 299 (room temperature) to 1273 K. The experimental results indicate that localized failure and overall compressive deformation dominate the deformation process of RF materials loaded in the TTT direction at low and high temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, only localized failure is observed in the IP direction upon loading. Based on its morphological characteristics, a FE model that considers contact between the fibers is developed to simulate the compressive responses of the tested 3D RF material. In this model, the contact mechanism between the fibers is simulated based on a user‐defined nonlinear spring element. The simulated strength and elastic modulus agree well with the observations from the compressive experiments.
Copper reduced defective TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ning Dongdong , Wei Hehe , Ou Gang , Zhang Ruoyu , Wu Hui
Published: May 2018

Defective TiO2 attracted increasing attention due to its high photocatalytic activities. Herein, we report a facile and efficient method to fabricate gray defective TiO2 by vacuum annealing raw TiO2 materials with copper powders. The treated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced visible‐light‐photocatalytic performance with photo‐degradation rate increased to 400% as that of pristine commercial P25 under visible light. The performance enhancements can be attributed to the disordered structure, optimized optical and electronic properties of defective TiO2. In addition, this facile Cu reduction method provides an effective way to generate defective sites in other metal oxides for various potential applications.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties and electrocaloric effect in novel lead‐free (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3‐La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics
Authors: Li Feng , Lu Biao , Zhai Jiwei , Shen Bo , Zeng Huarong , Lu Shengguo , Viola Giuseppe , Yan Haixue
Published: May 2018

The crystal structure, electromechanical properties, and electrocaloric effect (ECE) in novel lead‐free (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3‐La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics were investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the tetragonal and pseudocubic phase was found at x = 0.01‐0.02. In addition, the relaxor properties were enhanced with increasing the La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 content. In situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra were characterized to elucidate the phase transition behavior. The enhanced ECE (ΔT = 1.19 K) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 103 pC/N) were obtained for x = 0.01 at room temperature. Meanwhile, the temperature stability of the ECE was considered to be related to the high depolarization temperature and relaxor characteristics of the Bi0.5K0.5TiO3‐based ceramics. The above results suggest that the piezoelectric and ECE properties can be simultaneously enhanced by establishing an MPB. These results also demonstrate the great potential of the studied systems for solid‐state cooling applications and piezoelectric‐based devices.
Tutorial of the probabilistic methods Bayesian networks and influence diagrams applied to medicine
Authors: Nistal‐Nuño Beatriz
Published: May 2018

Unpredictability arises in numerous real‐world implementations especially in medical fields, being one of the principal subjects that expert systems have to deal with. Bayesian networks (BNs) allow constructing expert systems by utilizing likelihood as a measure of uncertainty. A BN is a statistical model that yields a graphical description of the probabilistic associations between a group of pertinent variables. Probabilistic reasoning involves computing the posterior probability of the unobserved variables given the accessible evidence, based on the application of the Bayes theorem. The principal benefit from BNs is that intricate relationships are decreased to simpler local dependencies. Graphical models utilization in health economics and medical decision‐making has been supported lately. The non‐existence of objective data frequently pressures the knowledge engineer to acquire the likelihoods from human experts’ estimations, which turns this task laborious. For this logic, a software explanation facility can help the expert and the knowledge engineer through this procedure. In order to depict graphically and approximate a decision problem, a BN can be extended with decision and utility nodes associated with the realization of the random variables. Such model is named influence diagram (ID). The main aim of this article is to present a tutorial of BNs and the decision‐theoretic model's IDs applied to medicine, including an explanation of these methods through several theoretical examples and illustrations of studies in the medical literature.
Phase contrast of spherical magnetic particles
Authors: GRAEF M. DE , NUHFER N. T. , McCARTNEY M. R.
Published: May 2018

This paper derives analytical expressions for the magnetic and electrostatic phase shifts of a plane electron wave upon traversing a spherical, uniformly magnetized particle with a non‐zero mean inner potential. The Aharonov—Bohm phase shift is represented in terms of dimensionless parameters. Standard Foucault and Fresnel Lorentz image simulations are presented for a range of particle sizes and saturation inductions. We discuss the detection limits of the Lorentz techniques and compare them with the sensitivity of the electron holography method. We conclude the paper with experimental holography results for nanocrystalline cobalt particles; the observed phase changes are in good agreement with the analytical predictions.
Expression patterns of tight junction proteins in porcine major salivary glands: a comparison study with human and murine glands
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Ming , Huang Yan , Zhang Kuo , Qu Ling‐Han , Cong Xin , Su Jia‐Zeng , Wu Li‐Ling , Yu Guang‐Yan , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2018

Tight junction (TJ) proteins play a dynamic role in paracellular fluid transport in salivary gland epithelia. Most TJ studies are carried out in mice and rats. However, the morphology of rodent salivary glands differs from that of human glands. This study aimed to compare the histological features and the expression pattern of TJ proteins in porcine salivary glands with those of human and mouse. The results showed that porcine parotid glands were pure serous glands. Submandibular glands (SMGs) were serous acinar cell‐predominated mixed glands, whereas sublingual glands were mucous acinar cell‐predominated. Human SMGs were mixed glands containing fewer mucous cells than porcine SMGs, whereas the acinar cells of murine SMGs are seromucous. The histological features of the duct system in the porcine and human SMGs were similar and included intercalated, striated and excretory ducts, but the murine SMG contained a specific structure, the granular convoluted tubule. TJ proteins, including claudin‐1 to claudin‐12, occludin and zonula occludin‐1 (ZO‐1), were detected in the porcine major salivary glands and human SMGs by RT‐PCR; however, claudin‐6, claudin‐9 and claudin‐11 were not detected in the murine SMG. As shown by immunofluorescence, claudin‐1, claudin‐3, claudin‐4, occludin and ZO‐1 were distributed in both acinar and ductal cells in the porcine and human SMGs, whereas claudin‐1 and claudin‐3 were mainly present in acinar cells, and claudin‐4 was mainly distributed in ductal cells in the murine SMG. In addition, 3D images showed that the TJ proteins arranged in a honeycomb‐like structure on the luminal surface of the ducts, whereas their arrangements in acini were irregular in porcine SMGs. In summary, the expression pattern of TJ proteins in salivary glands is similar between human and miniature pig, which may be a candidate animal for studies on salivary gland TJ function.
The effectiveness of extended care based on Internet and home care platform for orthopaedics after hip replacement surgery in China
Authors: Wang Jie , Tong Yahui , Jiang Yingqing , Zhu Hongxia , Gao Hui , Wei Rong , Que Xianfeng , Gao Luoluo
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectives

To evaluate the effect of an Internet‐based home orthopaedic care platform on patients’ functional joint recovery, quality of life and activities of daily living after hip replacement.

Background

Most of the functional exercises after arthroplasty are performed outside the hospital. At present, the WeChat platform is used mainly in the inland of China for continuous nursing of patients with chronic disease in the Department of Orthopedics.

Design

An experimental design was applied.

Methods

Four hundred patients who had undergone hip replacement from April to October 2016 were selected from 18 hospitals with nurse specialists in clinical orthopaedics. These patients were randomised into control and intervention groups (n = 200 per group). In the control group, only routine nursing care was carried out after discharge. In the intervention group, continuous intervention was performed via the Internet‐based orthopaedic care platform. The patients in the two groups were compared in terms of functional recovery (Harris hip score), quality‐of‐life score (MOS SF‐36) and activities of daily living (Barthel index) at 3 and 6 months after discharge.

Results

In total, 389 patients were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. After 6 months of continuous intervention, the mean MOS SF‐36 score, Barthel index and Harris hip score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.

Conclusion

The study gives full play to the role of clinical nurse specialists and provides professional home care services to patients in the region after hip replacement through home care orthopaedic platform. The platform guides the patients to master the correct disease knowledge and rehabilitation exercise methods, promotes the recovery of joint function, improves the activity of daily living, elevates the quality of life and meets the need of long‐term management.

Relevance to clinical practice

Internet and home care orthopaedic platform is a nursing system designed specifically for extended care management outside of the hospital, which is helpful for patients who undergone hip replacement to obtain effective home care services after discharge, improving patients’ quality of life and rehabilitation efficacy.