bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Beginners' Front-Crawl Stroke Efficiency
Authors: Madureira Fabrício , Bastos Flavio Henrique , Corrêa Umberto Cesar , Rogel Thiago , Freudenheim Andrea Michele
Published: August 2012

Efficiency in front-crawl stroke has been inferred primarily by means of the analysis of arm actions, specifically, stroke frequency and stroke length. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether swimming efficiency could be better assessed in children still learning the front-crawl stroke by analyzing the movement pattern as a whole. Forty-two children enrolled in private swimming programs volunteered to participate in the study. The task consisted of swimming 30 m as fast as possible. Three experts analyzed the movement pattern of the participants using a checklist. Both stroke frequency and stroke length were calculated. The correlation coefficients between the time taken to swim and both the stroke frequency and stroke length were not significant, but the total and components of the checklist scores were. Results indicate that the swimming efficiency of children learning the front-crawl stroke can be better assessed by analyzing their whole movement pattern.
Comparison between Recreational Male Ironman Triathletes and Marathon Runners
Authors: Gianoli Daniele , Knechtle Beat , Knechtle Patrizia , Barandun Ursula , Rüst Christoph Alexander , Rosemann Thomas
Published: August 2012

Recent investigations described a personal best marathon time as a predictor variable for an Ironman race time in recreational male Ironman triathletes. Similarities and differences in anthropometry and training were investigated between 83 recreational male Ironman triathletes and 81 recreational male marathoners. Ironman triathletes were significantly taller and had a higher body mass and a higher skin-fold thickness of the calf compared to the marathoners. Weekly training volume in hours was higher in Ironman triathletes. In the Ironman triathletes, percent body fat was related to overall race time and both the split time in cycling and running. The weekly swim kilometres were related to the split time in swimming, and the speed in cycling was related to the bike split time. For the marathoners, the calf skin-fold thickness and running speed during training were related to marathon race time. Although personal best marathon time was a predictor of Ironman race time in male triathletes, anthropometric and training characteristics of male marathoners were different from those of male Ironman triathletes, probably due to training of different muscle groups and metabolic endurance beyond marathon running, as the triathletes are also training for high-level performance in swimming and cycling. Future studies should compare Olympic distance triathletes and road cyclists with Ironman triathletes.
Association of Relative Age Effects in Sports with Number of Years in School
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Sakamoto Kiwako
Published: August 2012

The present study investigated the association of the relative age effect, a biased distribution of birth dates, with a high school versus university background in Japanese professional soccer and baseball players. The number of athletes born in the first quarter (April–June) was larger than the number born in the fourth quarter (January–March) for both soccer and baseball; however, the magnitude of the relative age effect differed with years in school. The skew of birth dates was stronger among players who only graduated high school than those who graduated university or college. This phenomenon was confirmed in both baseball and soccer players. The findings suggest relative age effects in professional sports to be related to years of age and years in school.
A Developmental Perspective of Intermanual Performance Asymmetry in Aiming
Authors: Claudio Ana Paula Kogake , Teixeira Luis Augusto
Published: August 2012

This study compared intermanual performance asymmetry between adults and children of different ages in timing components of an aiming task. Participants manipulated a computer mouse with either hand, aiming to rapidly reach targets of different widths with a pointer on a monitor. Results showed longer deceleration movements with the left hand in children, leading to increased intermanual performance asymmetry when aiming at narrower targets. Increased intermanual performance asymmetry in children is conceptualized to derive from planning to minimize trajectory variability when controlling the nondominant hand.
Association of Force Steadiness of Plantar Flexor Muscles and Postural Sway during Quiet Standing by Young Adults
Authors: Oshita Kazushige , Yano Sumio
Published: August 2012

This study was conducted to assess the relations of force fluctuations during isometric plantar-flexion and postural sway during quiet standing. Twelve healthy men ( M age = 21 yr., SD = 1) performed unilateral plantar flexion measured by a strain gauge force transducer. Participants performed force-matching tasks; sustained plantar flexion for 20 sec. at levels corresponding to 10% and 20% of maximum voluntary contraction with the visual feedback. Also, participants were asked to stand quietly with their eyes open, and then the center of mass displacement and velocity in the anteroposterior were measured. In analysis, postural sway was associated with force fluctuation at only 10% of maximum voluntary contraction. The statistically significant correlation between variables was found only at corresponding contraction intensities for plantar-flexor muscles. From this one may infer neural strategies in plantar-flexor muscles during quiet standing may be characteristics similar to those controlling the plantar-flexion force in young adults.
Color of Light-Source and Background Luminance on Perceived Convexity and Concavity of a Blurred 3-D Hemisphere
Authors: Chang Wen-Te , Shih Ling-Hung Sophia , Huang Kuo-Chen
Published: August 2012

In the present study, the effect of light-source color, size, background luminance, and blur on the perceived convexity and concavity of a 3-D hemisphere was investigated. The sample consisted of 84 undergraduates divided into Experience and No-experience groups based on experience working with 3D software. Participants were asked to adjust the angle of light in a clockwise direction until a convex hemisphere appeared concave. Analysis indicated that the color of light had a statistically significant effect on the angle of adjusted light, and the Experience group adjusted the angle of light less than did the No-experience group. The angle of the adjusted light was significantly smaller under the high background luminance condition compared with the medium and low luminance conditions. The angle of adjusted light under the low blur condition was greater than that under the high and medium blur conditions. These results have implications for graphics-based interface design.
Charpentier's Papers of 1886 and 1891 on Weight Perception and the Size-Weight Illusion
Authors: Nicolas Serge , Ross Helen E. , Murray David J.
Published: August 2012

The French physiologist Augustin Charpentier (1852–1916) published the first accounts of the size-weight illusion—the observation that if two objects differ in size but have equal mass, the smaller will feel heavier when lifted. In the current paper, translations are presented of Charpentier's much-cited 1891 paper on weight perception and the size-weight illusion, and his little-known brief 1886 paper which contains the earliest experimental data on the illusion. Charpentier explained weight illusions in terms of the sense of effort involved in lifting the object and the contrast with the expected effort. Modern research shows that people quickly adapt and use the appropriate force to pick up objects, but the illusion persists even when appropriate force is used; expectations therefore affect the perceptual system more strongly than the motor system.
Coactivation of Lower Leg Muscles during Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Walking Decreases with Age in Adolescents
Authors: Deffeyes Joan E. , Karst Gregory M. , Stuberg Wayne A. , Kurz Max J.
Published: August 2012

The kinematics of children's walking are nearly adult-like by about age 3–4 years, but metabolic efficiency of walking does not reach adult values until late in adolescence or early adulthood, perhaps due to higher coactivation of agonist/antagonist muscle pairs in adolescents. Additionally, it is unknown how use of a body weight-supported treadmill device affects coactivation, but because unloading will alter the activity of anti-gravity muscles, it was hypothesized that muscle coactivation will be altered as well. Muscle coactivation during treadmill walking was evaluated for adolescents (ages 10 to 17 years, M = 13.2, SD = 2.2) and adults (ages 22 to 35 years, M = 25.2, SD = 4.3), for thigh muscles ( vastus lateralis/ biceps femoris) and lower leg muscles ( tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius). Conditions included body weight unloadings from nearly 0% to 80% of body weight, while walking at a preferred speed (self-selected, overground speed) or a reduced speed. Unloading was accomplished using a lower body positive pressure support system. Coactivation was found to be higher in adolescents than in adults, but only for the lower leg muscles.
Exploration Time of Static Images Implying Different Body Movements Causes Time Distortions
Authors: Nather F. C. , Bueno J. L. O.
Published: August 2012

Studies of subjective time have adopted different methods to understand different processes of time perception. Four sculptures, with implied movement ranked as 1.5-, 3.0-, 4.5-, and 6.0-point stimuli on the Body Movement Ranking Scale, were randomly presented to 42 university students untrained in visual arts and ballet. Participants were allowed to observe the images for any length of time (exploration time) and, immediately after each image was observed, recorded the duration as they perceived it. The results of temporal ratio (exploration time / time estimation) showed that exploration time of images also affected perception of time, i.e., the subjective time for sculptures representing implied movement were overestimated.
Gambiocycle
Authors: Paulino Fred
Published: August 2012

Gambiocycle is a mobile broadcast unit. It is a modified cargo tricycle containing electronic gear for interactive video projection and digital graffiti in public spaces. The Gambiocycle was developed as part of Gambiologia, which is an open-source art movement based on the fusion between technology and “gambiarras”: the Brazilian cultural do-it-yourself practice of solving problems in alternative ways or giving unusual functions to objects, a slang word for technical makeshifts and kludges.
Transformative Encounters and Uncanny Intimacies: Biotechnology and Contemporary Art – A Practitioner's Approach and Perspective
Authors: Kratz Svenja J.
Published: August 2012

Abstract: Presented from an ArtScience practitioner's perspective, this paper provides an overview of Svenja Kratz's experience working as an artist within the area of cell and tissue culture at QUT's Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI). Using The Absence of Alice, a multi-medium exhibition based on the experience of culturing cells, as a case study, the paper gives insight into the artist's approach to working across art and science and how ideas, processes, and languages from each discipline can intermesh and extend the possibilities of each system.

The paper also provides an overview of her most recent artwork, The Human Skin Equivalent/Experience Project, which involves the creation of personal jewellery items incorporating human skin equivalent models grown from the artist's skin and participant cells. Referencing this project, and other contemporary bioart works, the value of ArtScience is discussed, focusing in particular on the way in which cross-art-science projects enable an alternative voice to enter into scientific dialogues and have the potential to yield outcomes valuable to both disciplines.
To Have Done With the Perspective of the (Biological) Body: Gaspar Noé’sEnter the Void, Somatic Film Theory and the Biocinematic Imaginary
Authors: Hainge Greg
Published: August 2012

In this paper, I examine the ways in which the relationship between spectator and screen has been figured in a body of recent scholarship on the cinema that both corporealises the cinematic event by focusing on the body of the spectator and the body of the film whilst, simultaneously, decorporealising it by seeing in the relation between spectator and screen the means to produce a new kind of properly cinematic thought, a new form of philosophy that can only be born out of this relation. Taking as paradigmatic examples of the different ways in which this relationship has been figured in recent film scholarship, I examine the works of Sobchack and Shaviro as examplars of the somatic turn in film studies, before going on to examine Deleuze's philosophy of the cinema. In the final section of the paper, I suggest, through an analysis of Gaspar Noé’s Enter the Void, that, firstly, the potential pitfalls of somatic film theory and Deleuze's philosophy of the cinema as a tool for filmic analysis can be avoided. I then go on to argue that these different approaches do not need to be held apart from each other and that Deleuze's formulations can usefully inform a somatic film theory if we reconfigure the way we think about the cinematic body, moving from a biological understanding of it to an anatomical one. This discussion of the anatomical body is fleshed out in particular via an in-depth examination of the work of Waldby on the Visible Human Project and I conclude by suggesting that the cinematic spectator can be re-imagined or reanimated as a synthetic product of techno-bio-cultural and cinematic processes.
Leaf Physiological and Morphological Responses to Shade in Grass-Stage Seedlings and Young Trees of Longleaf Pine
Authors: Samuelson Lisa J. , Stokes Tom A.
Published: August 2012

Longleaf pine has been classified as very shade intolerant but leaf physiological plasticity to light is not well understood, especially given longleaf pine’s persistent seedling grass stage. We examined leaf morphological and physiological responses to light in one-year-old grass-stage seedlings and young trees ranging in height from 4.6 m to 6.3 m to test the hypothesis that young longleaf pine would demonstrate leaf phenotypic plasticity to light environment. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under ambient levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) or a 50% reduction in ambient PAR and whole branches of trees were shaded to provide a 50% reduction in ambient PAR. In seedlings, shading reduced leaf mass per unit area (LMA), the light compensation point, and leaf dark respiration (RD), and increased the ratio of light-saturated photosynthesis to RD and chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll expressed per unit leaf dry weight. In trees, shading reduced LMA, increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll on a leaf dry weight basis, and increased allocation of total foliar nitrogen to chlorophyll nitrogen. Changes in leaf morphological and physiological traits indicate a degree of shade tolerance that may have implications for even and uneven-aged management of longleaf pine.
An Investigation on the Thermal Effusivity of Nanofluids Containing Al2O3 and CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Noroozi Monir , Zakaria Azmi , Moksin Mohd Maarof , Wahab Zaidan Abd
Published: August 2012

The thermal effusivity of Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids in different base fluids, i.e., deionized water, ethylene glycol and olive oil were investigated. The nanofluids, nanoparticles dispersed in base fluids; were prepared by mixing Al2O3, CuO nanopowder and the base fluids using sonication with high-powered pulses to ensure a good uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluids. The morphology of the particles in the base fluids was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, a phase frequency scan of the front pyroelectric configuration technique, with a thermally thick PVDF pyroelectric sensor and sample, was used to measure the thermal effusivity of the prepared nanofluids. The experimental results of the thermal effusivity of the studied solvents (deionized water, ethylene glycol and olive oil) showed good agreement with literature values, and were reduced in the presence of nanoparticles. The thermal effusivity of the nanofluid was found to be particularly sensitive to its base fluid and the type of nanoparticles.
On the Effects of Hot Forging and Hot Rolling on the Microstructural Development and Mechanical Response of a Biocompatible Ti Alloy
Authors: Okazaki Yoshimitsu
Published: August 2012

Zr, Nb, and Ta as alloying elements for Ti alloys are important for attaining superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in the long term. However, note that the addition of excess Nb and Ta to Ti alloys leads to higher manufacturing cost. To develop low-cost manufacturing processes, the effects of hot-forging and continuous-hot-rolling conditions on the microstructure, mechanical properties, hot forgeability, and fatigue strength of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy were investigated. The temperature dependences with a temperature difference (ΔT) from β-transus temperature (Tβ) for the volume fraction of the α- and β-phases were almost the same for both Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta and Ti-6Al-4V alloys. In the α-β-forged Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy, a fine granular α-phase structure containing a fine granular β-phase at grain boundaries of an equiaxed α-phase was observed. The Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy billet forged at Tβ-(30 to 50) °C exhibited high strength and excellent ductility. The effects of forging ratio on mechanical strength and ductility were small at a forging ratio of more than 3. The maximum strength (σmax) markedly increased with decreasing testing temperature below Tβ. The reduction in area (R.A.) value slowly decreased with decreasing testing temperature below Tβ. The temperature dependences of σmax for the Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta and Ti-6Al-4V alloys show the same tendency and might be caused by the temperature difference (ΔT) from Tβ. It was clarified that Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy could be manufactured using the same manufacturing process as for previously approved Ti-6Al-4V alloy, taking into account the difference (ΔT) between Tβ and heat treatment temperature. Also, the manufacturing equivalency of Ti-15Zr-4Nb-4Ta alloy to obtain marketing approval of implants was established. Thus, it was concluded that continuous hot rolling is useful for manufacturing α-β-type Ti alloy.
Scavenging Capacity of Marine Carotenoids against Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in a Membrane-Mimicking System
Authors: Rodrigues Eliseu , Mariutti Lilian R. B. , Mercadante Adriana Z.
Published: August 2012

Carotenoid intake has been associated with the decrease of the incidence of some chronic diseases by minimizing the in vivo oxidative damages induced by reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). The carotenoids are well-known singlet oxygen quenchers; however, their capacity to scavenge other reactive species, such as peroxyl radical (ROO•), hydroxyl radical (HO•), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and anion peroxynitrite (ONOO−), still needs to be more extensively studied, especially using membrane-mimicking systems, such as liposomes. Moreover, the identification of carotenoids possessing high antioxidant capacity can lead to new alternatives of drugs or nutritional supplements for prophylaxis or therapy of pathological conditions related to oxidative damages, such as cardiovascular diseases. The capacity to scavenge ROO•, HO•, HOCl and ONOO− of seven carotenoids found in marine organisms was determined in liposomes based on the fluorescence loss of a fluorescent lipid (C11-BODIPY581/591) due to its oxidation by these reactive species. The carotenoid-bearing hydroxyl groups were generally more potent ROS scavengers than the carotenes, whilst β-carotene was the most efficient ONOO− scavenger. The role of astaxanthin as an antioxidant should be highlighted, since it was a more potent scavenger of ROO•, HOCl and ONOO− than α-tocopherol.
Impact of tourIsm marketIng on DestInatIon Image: InDustry perspectIves
Authors: Day Jonathon , Cai Liping , Murphy Laurie
Published: August 2012

The purpose of the current research is to study the importance of destination image to products and distribution partners in the tourism system. It also examines the perceived contribution of various image creation factors in stages of the consumer buying process. The study examines
the opinions of management from travel products located in Australia and active marketing in the US and management from travel wholesalers marketing Australian travel products in the US. Results of the study highlight the importance of destination image to destination image stakeholders. It
concludes that image creation factors play different roles during the consumer buying process. The study recognizes the perceived importance of Australian tourism Commission (ATC) brand development strategies. The Australian branding experience in the US provides insights for destination marketing
organizations (DMOs) seeking to maximize their impact on destination image creation by leveraging “word of mouth,” public relations, e-marketing, and stakeholder marketing efforts.
Application of the Strong Artin Conjecture
to the Class Number Problem
Authors: Cho Peter J. , Kim Henry H.
Published: August 2012

We construct unconditionally several families of number fields with the largest possible class numbers. They are number fields of degree 4 and 5 whose Galois closures have the Galois group A4; S4, and S5. We first construct families of number fields with smallest regulators, and by using the strong Artin conjecture and applying the zero density result of Kowalski–Michel, we choose subfamilies of L-functions that are zero-free close to 1. For these subfamilies, the L-functions have the extremal value at s = 1, and by the class number formula, we obtain the extreme class numbers.
Fault diagnosis in gear using wavelet envelope power spectrum
Authors: Lokesha M , Majumder MC , Ramachandran KP , Raheem KFA
Published: August 2012

In recent years, improvement has been achieved in vibration signal processing, using wavelet analysis for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. The use of wavelet analysis has proven to be efficient to detect faults in vibration signals with nonstationary, transient characteristics/components. An experimental data set is used to compare the diagnostic capability of the fast Fourier transform power spectrum to the wavelet envelope power spectrum as respectively computed using Laplace and Morlet wavelet functions. The gear testing apparatus was used for experimental studies to obtain the vibration signal from a healthy gear and a faulty gear.
Hall effects on hydromagnetic Couette flow of Class-II in a rotating system in the presence of an inclined magnetic field with asymmetric heating/cooling of the walls
Authors: Seth GS , Hussain SM
Published: August 2012

Hall effects on steady hydromagnetic Couette flow of class-II of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid with non-conducting walls in a rotating system in the presence of an inclined magnetic field is investigated. Exact solution of the governing equations is obtained in closed form. Expressions for the shear stress at the moving plate due to primary and secondary flows and mass flow rates in the primary and secondary flow directions are also derived. Asymptotic behavior of the solution for velocity and induced magnetic field is analyzed, for small and large values of rotation parameter K2 and magnetic parameter M2 to gain some physical insight into the flow pattern. Heat transfer characteristics of the fluid are considered taking viscous and Joule dissipations into account when walls of the channel are asymmetrically heated or cooled. Numerical solution of energy equation and numerical values of rate of heat transfer at the stationary and moving plates are computed with the help of MATLAB software. The numerical values of velocity, induced magnetic field and fluid temperature are displayed graphically versus channel width variable η for various values of Hall current parameter m and angle of inclination of magnetic field θ whereas numerical values of shear stress at the moving plate due to primary and secondary flows, mass flow rates in the primary and secondary flow directions and rate of heat transfer at the stationary and moving plates are presented in tabular form for various values of m and θ.
Optimal capacitor placement in smart distribution systems to improve its maximum loadability and energy efficiency
Authors: Ali I , Thomas MS , Kumar P
Published: August 2012

An energy efficient power distribution network can provide cost-effective and collaborative platform for supporting present and future smart distribution system requirements. Energy efficiency in distribution systems is achieved through reconfiguration of distributed generation and optimal capacitor placement. Though several techniques have been reported  earlier for optimal capacitor placement, this paper presents an improved technique based on combining Power Loss Index (PLI) and Maximum Loadability Index (MLI). It takes care of critical compensation to maximize loadability and loss reduction. Improved performance results of the new technique have been demonstrated on an IEEE 15 bus distribution system for different load models. It is demonstrated that the load models have significant effect on selecting the capacitor size. The improvement in the loadability limit in constant impedance loads and the reduction in power loss in constant power loads is more than any other load models. The simultaneous improvement in loadability limit and loss reduction enhances energy efficiency in distribution systems by releasing power demand and feeder capacity.
Development of a data acquisition and greenhouse control system based on GSM
Authors: Rahali A , Guerbaoui M , Ed-dahhak A , El Afou Y , Tannouche A , Lachhab A , Bouchikhi B
Published: August 2012

This paper explains the design and implementation of electronic system based on GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) for controlling the climate parameters by SMS (Short Message Service) in greenhouse. The main purpose of this system conception is the remote control of the climatic parameters that influence the production in greenhouse (Temperature, relative humidity of air and soil moisture). Several sensors and actuators are installed and connected to a management and acquisition card. These sensors provide relevant information that is used to control ventilation, heating and pump by SMS. The procedure used in our system provides the owner with a remote control avoiding the needed to perform the control actions on site. The developed system in this paper is ideally suited for agricultural greenhouses in Morocco. It is simple to be installed and used by farmers who do not have knowledge in computer skills. Besides, most people use their cell phones to communicate and send messages. Thus, in our system, with a simple message, all farmers can control their greenhouses from a distance. They can know the status of their greenhouse climate at any time (temperature, humidity...) and can control actuators to adjust these parameters (fan, heater, vent, drip irrigation...). Thus, we have developed a graphical interface using LabVIEW software for the local acquisition, monitoring with PC and storage of all data through the card PCL812PG.
Ambiente das mídias digitais: reflexões sobre comunicação e Educação
Authors: Costa Belarmino Cesar Guimarães da
Published: August 2012

Antes de relatar as abordagens sobre mídia digital e fundamentos da educomunicação e da mídia-educação, que têm sido apresentados recentemente no Grupo de Pesquisa Comunicação e Educação (GP) da Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (INTERCOM), o artigo formula juízos a respeito do processo de digitalização da informação e sua relação com experiências formativas tendo em conta tratar da relação entre técnica e estética num contexto de virtualização da realidade e da reconfi guração do estatuto da percepção. As modifi cações empreendidas pelo ambiente sociotécnico na desintermediação das práticas comunicativas e nas apreensões de inteligência, dentre outros aspectos, motivam refl exões sobre mobilidade, compartilhamento de informações e mudanças nas condições associadas à experiência humana.
Uma orientação ecológica na abordagem das novas mídias e da comunicação
Authors: Pinto Manoel
Published: August 2012

Entrevista
Arte e educação contra o fetichismo generalizado na sociabilidade contemporânea
Authors: Duarte Newton
Published: August 2012

O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão filosófica sobre a contribuição que a arte e a Educação podem dar ao processo de superação do fetichismo generalizado na sociabilidade contemporânea. No primeiro item, é retomada a tese de Marx segundo a qual a sociabilidade na sociedade capitalista se caracteriza pela universalidade do valor de troca como mediação nas relações sociais.  O artigo defende a posição de que a sociabilidade contemporânea, em que pesem suas diferenças em relação ao    século XIX,  não só não superou a universalidade do valor de troca como, ao contrário, aprofundou-a, tornando o  fetichismo um fenômeno social que abarca todas as dimensões da vida humana na atualidade. No segundo item, o artigo apoia-se    nas análises feitas por Vigotski e por Lukács das relações entre os indivíduos e as obras de arte para defender a tese de que a educação escolar deve ter como meta permanente a superação das formas alienadas de consciência que prevalecem na   vida cotidiana da sociedade capitalista deste início de século XXI.
Classe média ou classe trabalhadora?: um exercício empírico a partir das percepções dos docentes de Buenos Aires
Authors: Donaire Ricardo
Published: August 2012

O presente trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla que busca conhecer se é possível conceituar as transformações recentes ocorridas nas condições de existência dos docentes como parte de um processo de proletarização.  Para isso,  tomamos como fonte dados  primários coletados a partir de uma amostra representativa de professores primários e secundários em estabelecimentos públicos e privados de “ensino comum” em Buenos Aires, à qual se aplicou um questionário sobre suas condições de existência e sobre a percepção destas. Os dados que apresentamos neste trabalho constituem os primeiros resultados dessa pesquisa e se referem estritamente à percepção dos próprios entrevistados, se os docentes se representam como trabalhadores, em que sentido, até que grau está extendida essa percepção.
A moratória profissional do Magistério: ensaio de interpretação sociológica
Authors: Pereira Gilson Ricardo de Medeiros , Andrade Maria da Conceição Lima de
Published: August 2012

O objetivo do presente texto é abordar a profissionalização do Magistério no estado atual do campo educacional brasileiro. Submetem-se à análise o recrutamento, isto é, as condições de escolha desta específica ocupação; a formação inicial, quer dizer, os processos por meio dos quais são incorporadas as disposições físicas e cognitivas necessárias a esse ofício; e a formação continuada, ou seja, a reestruturação contínua dessas disposições. Define-se o exercício profissional como ação baseada em estratégias orientadas por objetivos, que pressupõem conhecimentos incorporados por meios garantidos e institucionalmente legitimados, e, além disso, como ação orientada por uma ética capaz de regular os padrões de comportamento quando do exercício das atividades profissio- nais. Parte-se da proposição segundo a qual a oposição entre “realização cognitiva” e “realização moral” comanda o recruta- mento de docentes e, sob muitos aspectos, condiciona os caminhos da profissionalização. Uma vez confrontada com outro índice, o rendimento propriamente escolar dos agentes, a oposição mencionada permite esclarecer o quadro do recrutamento atual para o ingresso na profissão docente, sobretudo em seus postos mais inferiores, o do Magistério da Educação Infantil, e torna possível compreender os  desdobramentos subsequentes da profissionalização, nas modalidades de formação inicial e continuada.
Aerosol decadal trends – Part 2: In-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations
Authors: Asmi A. , Collaud Coen M. , Ogren J. A. , Andrews E. , Sheridan P. , Jefferson A. , Weingartner E. , Baltensperger U. , Bukowiecki N. , Lihavainen H. , Kivekäs N. , Asmi E. , Aalto P. P. , Kulmala M. , Wiedensohler A. , Birmili W. , Hamed A. , O'Dowd C. , Jennings S. G. , Weller R. , Flentje H. , Mari Fjaeraa A. , Fiebig M. , Lund Myhre C. , Hallar A. G. , Laj P.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. We have analysed the trends of total aerosol particle number concentrations (N) measured at long-term measurement stations involved either in the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and/or EU infrastructure project ACTRIS. The sites are located in Europe, North America, Antarctica, and on Pacific Ocean islands. The majority of the sites showed clear decreasing trends both in the full-length time-series, and in the intra-site comparison period of 2001–2010, especially during the winter months. Several potential driving processes for the observed trends were studied, and even though there are some similarities between N trends and air temperature changes, the most likely cause of many Northern Hemisphere trends was found to be decreases in the anthropogenic emissions of primary particles, SO2 or some co-emitted species. We could not find a consistent agreement between the trends of N and particle optical properties in the few stations with long timeseries of all of these properties. The trends of N and the proxies for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were generally consistent in the few European stations where the measurements were available. This work provides a useful comparison analysis for modelling studies of trends in aerosol number concentrations.
A data assimilative perspective of oceanic mesoscale eddy evolution during VOCALS-REx
Authors: Subramanian A. C. , Miller A. J. , Cornuelle B. D. , Di Lorenzo E. , Weller R. A. , Straneo F.
Published: August 2012

Abstract. Oceanic observations collected during the VOCALS-REx cruise time period, 1–30 November 2008, are assimilated into a regional ocean model (ROMS) using 4DVAR and then analyzed for their dynamics. Nonlinearities in the system prevent a complete 30-day fit, so two 15-day fits for 1–15 November and 16–30 November are executed using the available observations of hydrographic temperature and salinity, along with satellite fields of SST and sea-level height anomaly. The fits converge and reduce the cost function significantly, and the results indicated that ROMS is able to successfully reproduce both large-scale and smaller-scale features of the flows observed during the 76° W, 19° S. The ROMS fits capture this eddy as an isolated rotating 3-D vortex with a strong subsurface signature in velocity, temperature and anomalously low salinity. The eddy has an average temperature anomaly of approximately −0.5 °C over a depth range from 50–600 m and features a cold anomaly of approximately −1 °C near 150 m depth. The eddy moves northwestward and elongates during the second 15-day fit. It exhibits a strong signature in the Okubo-Weiss parameter, which indicates significant nonlinearity in its evolution. The heat balance for the period of the cruise from the ocean state estimate reveals that the horizontal advection and the vertical mixing processes are the dominant terms that balance the temperature tendency of the upper layer of the ocean locally in time and space. Areal averages, however, around the eddies and around the cruise tracks, suggest that vertical mixing processes generally balance the surface heating, indicating only a small role for lateral advective processes in this region.
Treatment of Open Proximal Humerus Fracture by Gunshot
Authors: Kim Sung Jae , Lee Jae Hoo , Chun Yong Min
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: To consider the proper managment of proximal humerus fracture on gunshot wounds.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 28-year-old male patient, who sustained a gunshot injury on the left arm 5 days ago, was admitted through the emergency department. Although he underwent an emergency surgery (bullet fragment removal and debridement), there remained bullet fragments around the proximal humerus fracture site. The wound seemed to be infected and a partial dehiscence occurred. No neurologic deficit was noted. Immediate exploration and debridement were performed, and an external fixator was applied to restore the anatomical alignment and manage the wounds. Intravenous antibiotics were administered. On the 9th postoperative day, wound debridement was done again, and cement beads mixed with antibiotics were inserted. After two weeks, the external fixator was removed, and the pin sites were closed after debridement. One week later, the open reduction and internal fixation with locking compression plate and screws were done.RESULTS: At 3 months after the internal fixation, the bone union was obtained with satisfactory alignment of the humerus.CONCLUSION: The severity of the soft tissue injury influences the fracture management plan. Further, the risk on lead toxicity should be considered.
Recent Treatment Options for the Clavicle Fracture
Authors: Oh Joo Han , Choi Hye Yeun
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: We sought to determine the appropriate management modality for clavicle fracture through the review of current literature.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article provides an overview of the knowledge regarding clavicular fracture in adults, including epidemiology, classification, surgical indication, current technique, and results. We also addressed recent debates: the range of the surgical indication for mid-clavicular fracture and the introduction of anatomically precontoured plate as a new treatment modality.RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Nonsurgical treatment has been regarded as the first choice in the management of clavicle fractures. Quite recently, mounting evidence has shown that adverse outcomes, after a nonsurgical treatment, such as nonunion and malunion, were more prevalent than previously assumed. Accordingly, the indications for surgical fixation appear to be broadening. However, given that the ideal treatment option remains to be determined, the appropriate treatment of clavicle fractures should be tailored based on careful assessment of individual patient's data and preference.
Profitability of Smallholder Sugarcane Farming in Swaziland: The case of Komati Downstream Development Programme (KDDP) Sugar Farmers’ Associations, 2005-2011
Authors: Masuku Micah Bheki , Dlamini Mandla Bhekumusa
Published: August 2012

Smallholder sugarcane growing is central to rural development and poverty alleviation in Swaziland. The main objective of the study was to investigate the profitability of smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations under KDDP and to explain the determinants of sugarcane profitability. The study used data from 2004/05 to 2010/11 production seasons for 15 smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations under KDDP. A structured questionnaire was used to solicit production and financial data. Secondary data were obtained from accounting records of the farmers. The associations were purposively selected because of their experience in sugarcane production. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values were used in data analysis. The cost and returns analysis was used to assess the profitability, whilst multiple linear regression analysis was used in identifying the determinants of profitability.The associations were found to be profitable with a mean profit per hectare of E5080.00.The further results indicated that variables such as farm size, farming experience, sucrose price, labour cost per hectare and fertilizer cost per hectare significantly (p<0.01) influence the profitability of smallholder sugarcane farmers’ associations in the study area. The adjusted R2 was 0.623, suggesting that about 62.3% in the variation in profit per hectare is explained by the explanatory variables. It is, therefore recommended that good crop husbandry practices like timely weeding, fertilization, and irrigation should be adopted to produce a good crop which will enhance profitability. There is need for the promotion of collective action as an institutional means to improve bargaining power of farmers, especially when procuring inputs. Collective action will enable smallholder sugarcane farmers to buy in bulk and be entitled to discounts and that can enhance sustainability of profitability of the farmers.
Pseudospin Symmetry in the Relativistic Killingbeck Potential: Quasi-Exact Solution
Authors: Hamzavi Majid , Ikhdair Sameer M. , Thylwe Karl-Erik
Published: August 2012

The Killingbeck potential consisting of the harmonic oscillator plus Cornell potential, ar2+br −c/r, is of great interest in particle physics. The solution of the Dirac equation with the Killingbeck potential is studied in the presence of the pseudospin (p-spin) symmetry within the context of quasiexact solutions. Two special cases of the harmonic oscillator and Coulomb potential are also discussed.
Dynamical Symmetry Method Investigates the Dissipation and Decoherence of the two-level Jaynes–Cummings Model
Authors: Zhu Qin-Sheng , Lai Wei , Wu Da-Lin
Published: August 2012

Based on the quantum master equation which describes the dynamical evolution of a two-level atom interacting with one mode of the quantized photon field in a cavity, we have investigated the systemic dissipative and decoherence properties by use of the development algebraic dynamic method for the automatic and non-automatic condition. Furthermore, using the exact solution of the quantum master equation, we have investigated the asymptotic behaviours of the system.
Retailers Price Behavior in the UK Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Market
Authors: Revoredo‐Giha Cesar , Renwick Alan
Published: August 2012

The recent announcement in the UK by the largest supermarket chain (Tesco) of a sustained reduction in prices across a range of own‐label products has once again focused attention on the issue of the nature of price competition between supermarkets. In this article, the authors inform the discussion on the issue of price competition through analysis of the interaction in the pricing behavior for fresh produce of two leading UK supermarkets, Tesco and Sainsbury's, over a 10‐year period with the purpose of improving understanding of how they compete and the possible policy implications. Of particular interest is whether the nature of the interaction in pricing behavior between the two retailers changed as they moved from a situation where they had relatively similar market shares to one where Tesco became the dominant force in retailing in the UK. Through the literature possible price‐leadership models are investigated and their empirical characteristics identified. The empirical analysis consisted of the investigation of price leadership using Granger causality tests on the series. In addition, due to the nature of the findings, interrelationships between the supermarket prices were modelled by means of vector autoregressive models for each product and the simulation of interactions between retailers using impulse‐response functions. Though no clear evidence of systematic price leadership from Tesco to Sainsbury's was found, the results point to a strengthening interrelationship between the pricing of the two supermarkets over the period for a number of the products examined, which may be a result of the increased use of price checking across supermarket chains as a competitive tool. [JEL classifications: L000, L190, L130, C320]. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid Development of a Potent Photo‐triggered Inhibitor of the Serine Hydrolase RBBP9
Authors: Liu Xiaodan , Dix Melissa , Speers Anna E. , Bachovchin Daniel A. , Zuhl Andrea M. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Kodadek Thomas J.
Published: August 2012

The serine hydrolases constitute a large class of enzymes that play important roles in physiology. There is great interest in the development of potent and selective pharmacological inhibitors of these proteins. Traditional active‐site inhibitors often have limited selectivity within this superfamily and are tedious and expensive to discover. Using the serine hydrolase RBBP9 as a model target, we designed a rapid and relatively inexpensive route to highly selective peptoid‐based inhibitors that can be activated by visible light. This technology provides rapid access to photo‐activated tool compounds capable of selectively blocking the function of particular serine hydrolases.
Reactions of Naphthyridines with Aldehydes: Novel Derivatives with Red‐Fluorescence Emissions and Two‐Photon Absorptions
Authors: Li Li , Li Jianzheng , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Huimiao , Fu Wenfu
Published: August 2012

Four new 1,8‐naphthyridine derivatives were synthesized by reacting the parent molecules with aldehydes and characterized. Two of the compounds have completely new and unusual skeletons, and display red‐fluorescence emissions and two‐photon absorption. Their structures were determined using MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and density functional theory calculations. The structural investigations of 2‐methyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine hydrochloride and hydrobromide showed that abundant hydrogen‐bonds and π‐ π interactions lead to extended networks.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of One‐pot Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes Catalyzed by Basic‐functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Yuetong , Wang Yu , Dai Liyi
Published: August 2012

An efficient and environmentally benign procedure for the reactions of three components condensation of salicylaldehyde and two different CH acids to give 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes catalyzed by a series of basic‐functionalized ionic liquids was reported. The most possible reaction pathway was proposed for the first time by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Both cation and anion of [Bmim]OH have a cooperative effect on the reaction. [Bmim]+ increases the electrophilicity of salicylaldehyde via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while OH− deprives proton of two CH acids to strengthen their nucleophilic ability.
Precursor‐involved and Conversion Rate‐controlled Self‐assembly of a 'Super Gelator' in Thixotropic Hydrogels for Drug Delivery
Authors: Ou Caiwen , Wang Huaimin , Yang Zhimou , Chen Minsheng
Published: August 2012

Enzymatic hydrogelation is a totally different process to the heating‐cooling gelation process, in which the precursors of the gelators can be involved during the formation of self‐assembled structures. Using thixotropic hydrogels formed by a super gelator as our studied system, we demonstrated that the enzyme concentration/conversion rate of enzymatic reaction had a strong influence on the morphology of resulting self‐assembled nanostructures and the property of resulting hydrogels. The principle demonstrated in this study not only helps to understand and elucidate the phenomenon of self‐assembly triggered by enzymes in biological systems, but also offers a unique methodology to control the morphology of self‐assembled structures for specific applications such as controlled drug release.
Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Iodoindole N‐Carboximidamides and N‐Carboximidoates by a Sequential Aza‐Wittig/Iodine Induced Cyclization
Authors: Nie Yibo , Duan Zhuan , Ding Mingwu
Published: August 2012

3‐Iodoindole N‐carboximidamides and N‐carboximidoates 4 were prepared regioselectively via a sequential aza‐Wittig/iodine induced cyclization, starting from easily accessible 2‐alkynylphenyl iminophosphorane, isocyanates, various nucleophiles and iodine.