bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KAJIAN TIMBULAN SAMPAH POPOK SEKALI PAKAI DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Parinsa Rae Ahmad , Halomoan Nico
Published: April 2022

Sampah merupakan sisa dari aktivitas manusia, jenis timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh rumah tangga semakin beragam, salah satunya adalah popok sekali pakai, jenis sampah ini membutuhkan perhatian yang besar dalam pengelolaan sampah popok sekali pakai. Sampah popok sekali pakai mengandung kotoran manusia yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan.  Kabupaten Karawang dengan penduduk yang semakin bertambah dengan timbulan sampah 904,93 ton/hari, timbulan sampah popok menjadi salah satu timbulan dari kegiatan rumah tangga di Kabupaten Karawang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui timbulan sampah popok sekali pakai dari rumah tangga di Kabupaten Karawang, Metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran timbulan sampah yaitu mengacu pada SNI 19-3964-1994 tentang metode pengambilan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan dan komposisi sampah. Timbulan sampah popok sekali pakai di Kabupaten Karawang rata-rata berdasarkan golongan pendapatan ekonomi yaitu sebesar 0,540 kg/o/h untuk golongan pendapatan rendah, pendapatan sedang sebesar 0,578 kg/o/h, pendapatan tinggi sebesar 0,673 kg/o/h dan pendapatan sangat tinggi sebesar 0,562 kg/o/h. Untuk jumlah timbulan sampah popok sekali di Kabupaten Karawang setiap harinya sebanyak 101.083,964 Kg/hari atau sebanyak 101,08 ton/hari dan/atau 1212,902 m3/hari. Dengan jumlah popok sekali pakai sebesar ini diperlukan pengelolaan lebih lanjut.  Kata Kunci: Kabupaten Karawang, Popok Sekali Pakai, Sampah, Timbulan Sampah. Solid waste is a residual of human activities, the types of waste generated by households are increasingly diverse, one of which is disposable diapers, this type of waste requires great attention in managed disposable diaper waste. Disposable diaper waste contains human waste which can have a negative impact on the environment. Karawang Regency with an increasing population with 904.93 tons/day of waste generation, the generation of diaper waste is one of the generation from household activities in Karawang Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the generation of disposable diaper waste from households in Karawang Regency. The method used in measuring waste generation was referring to SNI 19-3964-1994 regarding methods of taking and measuring samples of waste generation and composition. The average disposable diaper waste generation in Karawang Regency based on economic income group is 0.540 kg/p/d for low income group, medium income is 0.578 kg/p/d, high income is 0.673 kg/p/d and very high income. height of 0.562 kg/o/h. For the amount of diaper waste generated once in Karawang Regency every day is 101,083.964 Kg/day or as much as 101.08 tons/day and/or 1212.9 m3/day. With this large number of disposable diapers, further management is needed. Keywords: Disposable Diaper, Karawang Regency, Solid Waste, Waste Generation.
PERENCANAAN SISTEM PLAMBING AIR BERSIH DAN AIR LIMBAH DI RUMAH SAKIT X BANDUNG
Authors: Novarizal Fillya Vallyana , Pharmawati Kancitra , Nurprabowo Anindito
Published: April 2022

Rumah Sakit X dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fasilitas rumah sakit di Kota Bandung. Salah satu sarana penunjang untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan rumah sakit adalah prasarana sanitasi mencakup sistem plambing. Perencanaan sistem plambing sangat dibutuhkan untuk menunjang penyediaan air bersih dan penyaluran air limbah. Penyediaan kebutuhan air bersih dapat ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah populasi. Sistem pengaliran yang dugunakan adalah sistem tangki atap, dimana air akan ditampung terlebih dahulu pada tangki bawah kemudian dipompa menuju tangki atap lalu dialirkan secara gravitasi ke setiap alat plambing. Penyaluran air limbah menggunakan sistem gravitasi, dimana air limbah yang dihasilkan dari setiap alat plambing dialirkan ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) dan Sewage Treatment Plant (STP). Perencanaan jalur dan dimensi pipa mengacu pada SNI 8153-2015. Jenis pipa yang digunakan untuk air bersih adalah Poly Propilene Random (PPR) dan untuk air limbah adalah PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) dengan diameter berada pada rentang 20 mm sampai 114 mm. Kata kunci : Air Bersih, Air Limbah, Sistem Plambing. Hospital X was built to meet the needs of hospital facilities in the city of Bandung. One of the supporting facilities to improve hospital health services is sanitation infrastructure including a plumbing system. Plumbing system planning is needed to support the provision of clean water and waste water distribution. Provision of clean water needs can be determined based on the number of population. The drainage system used is the roof tank system, where the water will be accommodated first in the lower tank and then pumped to the roof tank and then flowed by gravity to each plumbing device. The distribution of waste water uses a gravity system, where waste water generated from each plumbing device is transferred to the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) Wastewater Treatment Plant (IPAL). Line planning and pipe dimensions refer to SNI 8153-2015. The type of pipe used for clean water is Poly Propylene Random (PPR) and for waste water is PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC) with diameters ranging from 20 mm to 114 mm. Keywords: Clean Water, Plumbing System, Waste Water.
Pengaruh Metode Edutainment terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Sa’adah Safa Amaliatus , Aris Aris , Puspitasari Ratna
Published: April 2022

Studying history in social studies subjects for most students is boring, this is because according to them there is a lack or lack of variety of learning methods that can attract students' interest in studying history. For most students, the method used by the teacher is only lectures. So it makes students bored. This study analyzes the impact of using the edutainment method as the application of the method in history learning. This method focuses on the end result of the learning process. Thus, this study aims to see how much influence the use of edutainment methods has on students in history material. This research method uses a quantitative type, with data collection in the form of student learning outcomes data, such as questionnaires and student opinions. Meanwhile, the research population was students of class VIII B and VIII D MTs Al-Hilal Tegalgubug. The results of this study include the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the average value of students on historical material with the edutainment method is 86.43. In testing the response to the use of the edutainment method, it shows a good number, namely 82%. Based on these two opportunities, it can be concluded that the edutainment method is effective in improving the history learning outcomes of class VIII B and D students of MTs Al-Hillal Tegalgubug Arjawinangun. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant effect between the application of the edutainment method on student learning outcomes. Keywords: Edutainment method, social studies learning, history learning
PENERAPAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA DALAM PEMILIHAN BAHAN PADA DESAIN PISAU MESIN PENCACAH PLASTIK
Authors: Yaqin Rizqi Ilmal , Priyambodo Bambang Hari , Prasetiyo Angger Bagus , Umar Mega Lazuardi
Published: April 2022

Sampah merupakan masalah yang belum terselesaikan dimana 14% dari jumlah 30% sampah anorganik merupakan sampah plastik. Upaya dalam mengelola sampah plastik yaitu mengurangi ukuran sampah plastik untuk di kelola. Mesin pencacah plastik merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mengurangi ukuran sampah plastik. Salah satu komponen penting dalam mesin pencacah plastik yaitu pisau. Penentuan bahan pada penggunaan pisau adalah salah satu langkah dalam proses pembuatan pisau. Simulasi model dalam pemilihan bahan dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi bahan yang tepat secara segi mekanis. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan memiliki tujuan menentukan bahan yang efektif dengan menggunakan FEM dari segi pemenuhan standar karakteristik desain mekanis dari desain pisau. Hasilnya semua bahan yang diajukan memenuhi syarat desain dalam pembuatan pisau dengan kondisi pembebanan operasi. Namun, bahan yang direkomendasikan secara segi teknis mekanik dalam pembuatan pisau pencacah plastik yaitu JIS SUP 9. Hal tersebut dikarenakan memiliki nilai Equivalent (Von-Mises) Stress (27,695 x 10-2 MPa), Equivalent Elastic Strain (12,882 x 10-7 m/m), Total Deformation (17,722 x 10-10 m) dan Safety Factor (15) hasil simulasi yang optimal dari bahan lainnya.
ANALISA PRODUKTIVITAS EXCAVATOR KOMATSU PC 2000 PADA OVERBURDER REMOVAL DI PT. JHONLIN BARATAMA
Authors: Mariki I Wayan Wawan , Arpilanoor Duan , Heldayanti
Published: April 2022

Dalam kegiatan pertambangan terdapat kegiatan  salah satu overburden yang terdapat beberapa alat berat yang berkerja di PT. Jhonlin Baratama dalam pengalian dan memuat dengan digunakan excavator PC 2000 untuk proses produktivitas perusahaan sebesar 865 BCM/jam. Dalam penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui data cycle time alat gali dalam produktivitas excavator PC 2000 dengan mengunakan metode perhitungan match factor. Hasil dari perhitungan total rata – rata cycle time excavator PC 2000 sebesar 30.33 detik, dengan kapasitas Bucket 12 BCM, Fill factor 0.9 %, Swell Factor 0.8 dengan effisiensi kerja 0.79 %, sedangkan total rata – rata alat angkut HDK Komatsu 785 sebesar 10.61 detik dan HDK Komatsu 465 sebesar 9.99 menit, Dari perhitungan produktivitas excavator PC 2000 sebesar 810 BCM/jam sehingga untuk terget produksi belum tercapai dengan maksimal karena dalam pengolahan macth factor sebesar 0.74.
UJI KEKERASAN PADUAN Al-6,7% Cu DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR TUANG DAN TEKANAN HASIL PROSES SQUEEZE CASTING
Authors: Siswanto Rudi , Ma’ruf  , Aprianto Galih
Published: April 2022

Aluminium murni memiliki castability yang baik tetapi sifat mekaniknya tidak baik. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan sifat mekaniknya, ditambahkan elemen paduan lain seperti magnesium, tembaga, mangan, silika dan beberapa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur dan tekanan tuang terhadap nilai kekerasan material pengecoran logam. Bahan pengecoran menggunakan paduan aluminium-tembaga (Al-6,7%Cu). Metode pengecoran menggunakan squeeze casting, dimana logam cair dibiarkan dingin dalam cetakan logam tertutup dan diberi tekanan. Temperatur penuangan divariasikan 710 oC, 730 oC dan 750 oC. Waktu pencampuran logam cair adalah 90 detik dengan putaran pengadukan 600 Rpm. Tekanan logam dalam cetakan divariasikan dari 0 MPa, 2,5 MPa, 5 MPa dan 7,5 MPa, dengan waktu pengepresan 60 detik. Suhu cetakan logam yang digunakan adalah 250 °C. Berdasarkan hasil uji kekerasan skala Brinell (HBN) bahwa nilai kekerasan tertinggi pada temperatur tuang 710 oC dengan tekanan 7,5 MPa, nilai kekerasan 68 HB dan nilai kekerasan terendah pada temperatur tuang. 750 °C dengan tekanan 0 MPa, nilai kekerasan adalah 34. HB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi temperatur penuangan maka nilai kekerasannya semakin rendah dan semakin besar tekanan maka nilai kekerasannya semakin tinggi.
The macromolecular diversity of Italian monovarietal red wines
Authors: Marangon Matteo , De Iseppi Alberto , Gerbi Vincenzo , Mattivi Fulvio , Moio Luigi , Piombino Paola , Parpinello Giuseppina Paola , Rolle Luca , Slaghenaufi Davide , Versari Andrea , Vrhovsek Urska , Ugliano Maurizio , Curioni Andrea
Published: April 2022

While red wine phenolics have been extensively studied, polysaccharides and proteins have not received the same level of attention, especially when considering Italian wines. In this study, for the first time, quantitative and qualitative data on the macromolecular (proteins and polysaccharides) and tannin composition of 110 monovarietal red wines from 11 of the most important Italian grape varieties are reported. The winemaking did not include any filtration, oak contact, fining treatments, or ageing on yeast lees. Results highlighted a great inter- and intra- varietal diversity. The protein content ranged between 0 and 159 mg/L, polysaccharides between 211 and 1081 mg/L and total tannins between 171 and 3746 mg/L, with averages of 41 mg/L, 497 mg/L and 1687 mg/L, respectively. Six varieties with protein content representative of the variability observed were selected and submitted to electrophoresis. Within each variety, the SDS-PAGE mobility of protein-tannin complexes was similar but showed two distinct patterns for wines of different varieties (higher mobility for Corvina, Teroldego and Raboso Piave, lower mobility for Nebbiolo, Aglianico, Cannonau), suggesting that the Italian monovarietal wines can be diverse also in their colloidal-forming structures. This can be explained by looking at the different percentages of protein-reactive tannins (TBSA) on the total tannin content (TMCP), which is a varietal characteristic.
MCFL-Chem software module for numerical simulation of high-speed reacting flows
Authors: Borisov Vitaly Evgenyevich , Kritskiy Boris Viktorovich , Rykov Yuri Germanovich
Published: April 2022

In this paper we present a computational model for high-speed multicomponent flows of reacting gases mixtures, which formed the core of the MCFL-Chem software module. The system of Navier–Stokes equations for a multicomponent reacting gas is used as a mathematical model; chemical reactions are described by a detailed kinetic scheme. The general solution algorithm is based on the splitting scheme for the types of processes under consideration: convection–diffusion–chemical reactions, an approach based on the modified method of S.K. Godunov is used. The present work continues the previous studies of the authors on numerical simulation of multicomponent gas mixtures flows, in this work we focus on the implementation of the chemical reactions module, its implementation in the general algorithm, validation and verification tests.
Boundary value problem for plane nonlinear solitary waves in Hall MHD
Authors: Gavrikov Mikhail Borisovich , Tayurskiy Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

The equations for plane nonlinear traveling waves in the Hall MHD are derived. The first integral of the “energy” of the equations of traveling waves is obtained and their Hamiltonian property in Lagrangian coordinates is proved. A classification of singular points of the equations of traveling waves is carried out. For an isothermal plasma resting at infinity, the boundary problem of finding plane solitary waves whose parameters have given values at infinity and propagating through space with a given phase velocity is also posed. The ranges of change in the phase velocity are analytically found for which the boundary value problem is solvable. It is shown that there are two families of solutions to the boundary value problem, which differ in the magnitude of the phase velocity – fast waves, the phase velocity of which is greater than the sonic one, and slow waves with a phase velocity less than the sonic one. The solitary waves found were verified by substituting them into the Hall MHD equations.
KEKELIRUAN-KEKELIRUAN DALAM MEMAHAMI KONSEP-KONSEP TEORETIS HALEY TENTANG METAFORA: SEBUAH KAJIAN METALINGUAL
Authors: Kusmanto Joko , Pulungan Anni Holila
Published: April 2022

This paper is the result of meta-lingual research on the application of Haley's metaphor theory. The research objective is to analyze and evaluate whether Haley's metaphorical theory concept is appropriately used and applied in the research data. The research design is qualitative with analytical-descriptive, conceptual-empirical, and literature methods. The data source is in the form of six scientific articles that apply Haley's metaphorical theory and have been published in six different scientific journals in Indonesia. The research data consists of two types of data, namely (i) main data in the form of meta-lingual data and (ii) auxiliary data in the form of object language data. The results of data analysis and discussion indicate that there are conceptual errors in the application of Haley's metaphorical theory in the six data sources. Generally, these mistakes can be grouped into three categories, namely errors in understanding (i) Haley's definition of metaphor, (ii) hierarchical terms of perceptual space, and (iii) application of the hierarchical concept of Haley's perceptual space in the analysis of metaphorical expressions. The main cause of these errors is that (i) Haley's theory is not referenced directly from Haley and (ii) only one of Haley's writings is referred to. Thus, the research results in that data source eventually become questions.
Characteristics of Rangin Cake Made of Various Kinds of Flour
Authors: Pasparingi Masashoumy , Hudi Lukman
Published: April 2022

Food diversification, especially for rice-based food has been found by all society for our country’s food security soon be realized. One of such effortwas to develop the traditionalsnack-substitute rice flour as raw materials with different flours of local plant tuber such as cassava, white sweet potato, arrowroot, canna bulbs, purse, breadfruit and yellow squash. Aim of this study wasto determine the substitution effect of rice flour (Oryza sativa) with severalcake flours against to rangin. Experiment was arranged by randomized block design (RBD) using 9 kinds of flour (rangin cake ingredients): white sweet potato, cassava, purse, canna, arrowroot, mocaf, breadfruit, pumpkin and rice as the control, whichwere repeated intriplicate, in order to obtain 27 experimental units. The observed parameters were chemical analysis (concentration of amylose), physical analysis (elasticity and volume expansion) and sensory evaluations (color, aroma, flavor and texture). The data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by HSD test 5 % andsensory evaluation was analyzed by friedman test. Substitution of rice flour with various flourswas significantly different inconcentration of amylose content and volume expansion as well as sensory evaluation, such as color, aroma, taste and texture. The best characteristic of powder to substitute the rangin cake was tapioca. The characteristic based on concentration of amylose and volume expansionwere 55.21 % and 6.4 %, respectively.Its sensory characteristic based on color, aroma, flavor and texture were 4.9(rather like), 4.7 (rather like), 4.2 (normal), and 4.2 (normal), respectively.
Potential of Trichoderma SP as a Control of Phytopthora Palmivora Causes Leaf Blight of Cocoa Seeds
Authors: Nurudin M. Juli , Sutarman Sutarman
Published: April 2022

In nature, "soil-borne" Trichodermacommonly as endophytic and survive on the surface of leaf. However, study and analysis related to controlling "water -borne" pathogens on the leaf surface is relatively seldom. Aims of this study were to describe the selected isolates ofTrichoderma sp. From cocoa planting soiland determine its inhibitory effect of Phytophthora palmivora by in vitro. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture UMSIDA on January-March 2014. This research consist of: (i) exploration of isolatedTrichoderma sp. From cocoa plantation in Klepu, District Sumbermanjing, Malang (East Java) which includes to describing and calculating the viability of conidiospore and (ii) antagonist analysis ofTrichoderma sp. against P. palmivoraby in vitro. The isolates of Trichoderma sp. TcN-Klp with green color colonies had 100 % germination rate after 11hoursrelative incubation period and inhibits the growth of P. palmivora by in vitro on PDA up to 47.06 % at 4 days after inoculation.
Performance and Quality of Artificial Rice Made from Red Bean Flour (Phaseolus vulgararis L.) and Various Types of Bulb Flour
Authors: Mulyani Tri Ida , Saidi Ida Agustini
Published: April 2022

This study was to determine the proportion effect of different types of tubers flour and red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the quality of artificial rice. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with treatment consisting mixture of cassava flour: red bean flour, sweet potato flour: red bean flour, cocoyam flour: red bean flour with composition of 100%: 0%, 85%: 15% and 70%: 30%, as well as paddy rice IR 64 as a control; with triplicate experiments then obtained 30 experimental unit. Measured variables were chemical analysis (amylose content and protein content), physical analysis (cooked rice, volume expansion and power rehydration) and organoleptic (color, aroma,flavor and texture). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by testing HSD 5%,while the organoleptic test was analyzed using Friedman test. The results showed significantlydifferent on the amylose content, volume expansion and power rehydration of rice; organoleptic test result showed significantly different between treatment of color, aroma and texture;and notsignificantly different on taste. Overall assessment, the IR rice has a higher value than the artificial rice, but the artificial rice with cassava flour without the addition of red bean flour has the best score compared to other artificial rice.
Effect of Water Volume and Vertical Pattern on Growth and Yield of Green Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.)
Authors: Manan Arif Abdul , WDP Al Machfudz
Published: April 2022

This research aims to determine the effect of water volume and pattern vertikultur on growth and yield of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.). This research was conducted at Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, from June to July 2011. The study was arranged in a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with repeat 3 times; The first factor was the volume of water that consists of four levels, particulary 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml and 200 ml, and the second factor was vertikultur pattern consisting of three levels, particulary without vertikultur, vertikultur upright, and vertikultur sloping staircase. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Varian and further tested by LSD test with a level of 5% to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that the volume of water gives a real influence on the parameters of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and plant fresh weight; whereas vertikultur patterns significantly affect plant height, leaf number, leaf area and fresh weight of mustard. The influence of the interaction between water volume and pattern apparently vertikultur against broad leaf mustard. The best treatment was obtained on the water volume of 100 ml with a pattern without vertikultur with an average wet weight is 46.13 g mustard plants.
Kinship Analysis of Several Genotypes of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) Based on Determinants of Kinship Components
Authors: Miftakhurrohmat Agus
Published: April 2022

The Success to realize a new superior soybean variety is definitely by a genetic an phenotypic variability. Morphological relationships among soybean genotypes is necessary to orchid breeder in obtaining good hybrids in perennial plants. Openly related among soybean genotypes would increase their crossing opportunity. The aim of this research was to identify morphological relationships of ten soybean genotypes based relative determinant components. The research was carried out on the August until November 2005, at the experiment field of the Jember State Polytechnic and in the Biomolecular Laboratory of the Jember University. The experiment designed in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with ten soybean genotypes as treatment in the three replications. Relationships among of ten soybean genotypes was analyzed according to Cluster Analysis. The result of cluster analysis indicated that, (1) However the genotypes ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7 are the most identical on similarity distance 0.0025. On similarity distance more than 0.9965, genotypes ZKJ 1-7 and 482 is different exclusively (2) On minimum distance 0.100 all of genotypes soybean can be divide four groups i.e. Group I (55, 56, 481, 482, Galunggung and 52), group II (ZKJ 2-3 and ZKJ 1-7), group III (I10), and group IV (Lokon).
Growth and Production Response of Glutinous Corn (Zea mays L. ceratina) Plant on the Number of Perennial Seeds Planting and Dosage of NPK
Authors: Hanik Umi , WDP Al Machfudz
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the interaction between the number of seeds of planting holes and the dose of NPK on the growth and production of sticky corn plants. The research method used factorial RCBD which was carried out in March-May 2018. The first factor was the number of seeds of planting holes consisting of 2 levels: 1 hole and 2 holes and the second factor was the dose of NPK, P1 = dose 50 kg / ha, P2 = dose of 100 kg / ha, and P3 = dose of 150 kg / ha, repeated 3 times so that 18 units of experiment were obtained. The results showed that the growth and production interaction occurred between the treatment of the number of seeds of planting holes and the dose of NPK. The results of the study that the NPK dose was able to increase the diameter of the cob in the B1P3 treatment which is 3.61 cm. Whereas the treatment of the number of planting holes has a significant effect on the diameter of the stem. While the number of seeds for planting holes can increase the number of leaves and dry weight of stover.
The Effects of PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage On Corn (Zea mays L.) Variety Arjuna Growth and Yield
Authors: Miftakhurrohmat A , Nur Jannah Fitri Yantika
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this investigation was to study The Effects of PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage On Corn (Zea mays L.) Variety Arjuna Growth and Yield, this experiment was conducted at Jiken village, Tulangan, Sidoarjo during April to July 2018, This research used a two factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and repeated three times. The first faktor was PGR Soaking treatment (0, 15, and 20ml/liter). The second factor was Cow Manure Fertilizer (10, 20, dan 30 ton/ha). Parameters research focused on buds appeared time, plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameters, cob of corn fresh weight, cob of corn dry weight, and corn seed dry weight. This research reflected significant differences interaction between PGR Soaking Treatment and Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage in plant height (42 DAP). PGR Soaking Treatment reflected significant differences in cob of corn, number of leaves (56 DAP), and very significant differences of corn fresh weight and dry weight, and corn seed dry weight. Cow Manure Fertilizer Dosage reflected significant differences in cob of corn fresh weight and dry weight, and corn seed dry weight.
The Transgluteal Approach for Decompression of Sciatic Nerve Entrapment (Piriformis Syndrome) with Intraoperative Neurophysiology: A Technical Note
Authors: Son Byung-chul , Lee Chang-ik
Published: April 2022

Although the transgluteal approach splitting the gluteus maximus muscle has been reported as a posterior approach for sciatic nerve entrapment (piriformis syndrome), detailed descriptions of the surgical steps and intraoperative findings have not been published. Thus, the objective of this study was to present the transgluteal approach for decompression surgery of sciatic nerve entrapment in the subgluteal space. A method of circumferentially decompressing the sciatic nerve from the surrounding piriformis muscle was devised by decompressing it to the level of the sacrotuberous ligament, which was more proximal than the existing decompression range. Surgical findings are presented step-by-step in the stages of localization, exposure, and decompression of the sciatic nerve during surgery. We also emphasize the importance of intraoperative nerve monitoring to identify the sciatic nerve and its branches and the inferior gluteal nerve during surgery performed under general anesthesia. Our observations of intraoperative electromyographic responses by individual nerve stimulation are summarized and reported.
Recursos percibidos y estado emocional en padres de hijos con discapacidad.
Authors: Soriano María E. , Pons Nieves
Published: April 2022

Disability affects significantly to the family of
the person who suffers it, because the whole
family has to cope and accept the situation.
Nowadays the consequences of this situation
on parents remain unknown, taken into
account that most of the research about
disability has been made with the person with
disability. Aims: 1) Describe emotional status,
social and personal resources and coping in
parents of people with disabilities; 2) Explore
the relationships between emotional status
with the rest of variables assessed. Method:
21 parents of people with intellectual
disabilities were assessed. This is a
descriptive study. Variables: anxiety,
depression, social support perception, social
comparison, coping strategies and control
perception. Results: Parents showed low
scores in emotional status, as well as in social
support perception and high scores in control
perception. Parents used more frequently the
contrast-ascendant type of social comparison
and search of solutions as a coping strategy.
Depression and anxiety showed a significant
relationship with social comparison, coping
styles and control perception. Conclusion:
Being parents of people with disability surely
produces an emotional impact, for these
reasons, we should help these parents to use
their personal and social resources and
coping strategies in order to better adapt
themselves to the new life conditions as soon
as possible.
Efectividad de un Tratamiento Conductual de Deshabituación Tabáquica
Authors:   Departamento de Psicología de la Salud. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Mrozowicz-Gaudyn Dana , Sanz Pérez María M. ,   Unidad de Conductas Adictivas. Hospital del Vinalopó, Carballo José L. ,   Departamento de Psicología de la Salud. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
Published: April 2022

Marco teórico: El tabaco es hoy en día la primera causa evitable de muerte prematura en los países desarrollados. En España mata cerca de 50.000 personas cada año. Está asociado con problemas cardíacos, arteriales, respiratorios y con distintos tipos de cáncer. A pesar de esto, el 30% de la población española fuma. Actualmente hay disponibles distintos tipos de tratamiento para el tabaquismo, desde los farmacológicossustitutivos de nicotina, los no nicotínicos a los psicológicos. El programa para dejar de fumar de Becoña ha arrojado altas tasas de eficacia. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la efectividad de un tratamiento para dejar de fumar en población ilicitana basado en las técnicas del programa de Becoña. Método: La muestra consta de 11 sujetos, 54,5% mujeres y 45,5% hombres. Se utilizó el STAI y el BDI-II, además de autorregistros para la conducta de fumar. Resultados: Tras nueve sesiones se obtuvo una tasa de abstinencia del 63,6%. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre las medidas pre y post para las variables ansiedad y depresión. Conclusiones: Esto indica que el tratamiento estudiado presenta una efectividad semejante a la conseguida por programas similares que utilizan las mismas técnicas conductuales. Además, ha aportado suficientes estrategias de afrontamiento como para que no se aprecien aumentos en la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva al dejar de fumar.
Knowing Who You Are: Heritage Language, Identity and Safe Space in a Bilingual Kindergarten
Authors: Taylor-Leech Kerry , Tualaulelei Eseta
Published: April 2022

Evidence shows that when young children’s diverse language heritages are valued and supported, there are benefits for their linguistic and conceptual development, their sense of identity and their learning. However, there are few early learning settings in Australia which nurture young children’s bilingual repertoires. And, while it is well established that early childhood is a critical period for first and second language acquisition, there is a lack of empirical research available on children’s bilingual development in institutional early childhood education and care. Against this backdrop, our article reports on a study of a bilingual Samoan community kindergarten (a’oga amata) in southeast Queensland. In this paper, we focus on how the a’oga amata supported the maintenance of the children’s heritage language and culture. We explore language use in the a’oga amata, the cultural values underpinning the educators’ practices, and the positive responses of the children and parents in the study. We also examine the constraints on the community leaders and educators’ efforts to create an authentic bilingual experience in this English-dominant environment. Finally, we revisit the notion of safe spaces for young bilingual learners (Conteh & Brock, 2011) and rearticulate the need for clear language policies that support heritage language education.
Bidirectional genetic overlap between autism spectrum disorder and cognitive traits
Authors: Hope Sigrun , Lin Aihua , Bahrami Shahram , Rødevand Linn , Frei Oleksandr , Hussain Saira , Cheng Weiqiu , Hindley Guy , Nag Heidi , Ulstein Beate , Efrim-Budisteanu Magdalena , Shadrin Alexey , O`Connell Kevin , Dale Anders , Djurovic Srdjan , Nærland Terje , Andreassen Ole
Published: April 2022

Objective
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable condition with a large variation in cognitive function. Here we investigated the shared genetic architecture between cognitive traits (intelligence (INT) and educational attainment (EDU)), and risk loci jointly associated with ASD and the cognitive traits.
Methods
We included data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of INT (n = 269,867), EDU (n = 766,345) and ASD (cases n = 18,381, controls n = 27,969). We used the bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) to estimate the total number of shared genetic variants, and conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate (cond/conjFDR) to identify specific overlapping loci.
Results
The MiXeR indicated 12.7k genetic variants associated with ASD, with 12.0k shared with EDU and 11.1k shared with INT (Dice: 0.90–0.91), with both positive and negative relationships within overlapping variants. The majority (59%-68%) of estimated shared loci have concordant effect directions, with a positive, albeit modest, genetic correlation between ASD and EDU (rg=0.21, p = 2e-13) and INT (rg=0.22, p = 4e-12). We discovered 43 loci jointly associated with ASD and cognitive traits (conjFDR < 0.05), of which 27 were novel for ASD. FUMA analysis revealed significant differential expression of candidate genes in the cerebellum and frontal cortex.
Conclusion
We quantified the genetic architecture shared between ASD and cognitive traits, demonstrated mixed effect directions, and identified the associated genetic loci and molecular pathways. The findings suggest that common genetic risk factors for ASD can underlie both better and worse cognitive functioning across the ASD spectrum, with different underlying biology.
ANKS1B encoded AIDA-1 regulates social behaviors by controlling oligodendrocyte function
Authors: Cho Chang Hoon , Deyneko Ilana , Vazquez Juan , Cordova-Martinez Dylann , Carbonell Abigail , Tindi Jaafar , Cui Min-Hui , Fleysher Roman , Branch Craig , Jordan Bryen
Published: April 2022

Our understanding of oligodendrocytes in brain function and disease is changing rapidly. We recently reported that heterozygous deletions in the ANKS1B gene lead to ANKS1B syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder presenting with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and speech and motor deficits. ANKS1B encodes for AIDA-1, a brain-specific protein that is highly enriched at neuronal synapses where it regulates NMDA receptor function and synaptic plasticity. Deficits in neuronal transmission are therefore implicated in the etiology of ANKS1B syndrome. Here we reveal an unexpected role for ANKS1B in oligodendrocyte function, and a potential role for oligodendrocytes in disease pathophysiology. Mouse models of ANKS1B syndrome display structural and white matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum that are reminiscent of clinical findings in patients. Immunochemical and histological analyses show that reduced oligodendrocyte abundance, maturation, and myelination likely underlie callosal structural abnormalities. We report that AIDA-1 protein is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in addition to neurons. Surprisingly, selective loss of Anks1b from the oligodendrocyte lineage, but not from neuronal populations that highly express AIDA-1, lead to deficits in social preference and sensory reactivity, behavioral correlates of ASD previously observed in a CNS-wide Anks1b haploinsufficiency model. Notably, we find that clemastine fumarate, a compound shown to increase OPC maturation and CNS myelination, rescues deficits in social preference in these mice at 7-months of age. Our work shows that deficits in social behaviors present in ANKS1B syndrome may originate from oligodendrocyte dysfunctions and illustrates an important role for oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Genetic diversity and population structure analyses in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) accessions of India
Authors: Muralidhara Bommanahalli M , Sakthivel Thandavarajan , Lakshmanareddy Dhornapalli Chinnappa , Karunakaran Ganeshan , Honnabyraiah Madapura Kalaiah , Venkatravanappa Venkatravanappa , Savadi Siddanna , Vaka Divya Vani , Naresh Ponnam , Shivashankara Kodthalu Seetharamaiah , Venugopalan Rangarajan
Published: April 2022

Avocado is an important fruit tree crop cultivated in more than 80 countries. It is a cross pollinated species with a protogynous diurnally synchronous dichogamy (PDSD) flowering. Recently, the demand for avocados is increasing due to the high nutritive value of fruit. In India, wide morphological variations are observed in. The comprehensive information on genetic diversity of Indian avocados is lacking. Molecular markers are widely used for genetic characterization of germplasm. In the current study, the genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Indian avocado germplasm accessions was carried out using the EST-SSR and gSSR markers. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of markers varied from 0.32 to 0.53. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 4 with mean value of 2.96. The clustering of 83 accessions resulted in three major cluster and seven subclusters. A high heterozygosity with an average of 0.74 was detected in the avocado accessions by the assayed SSR markers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 95% of total variation was the within populations and only 5% was among populations (P < 0.001). Besides, a total of four subpopulations (K = 4) were identified in the STRUCTURE analysis of 83 avocado accessions. This is the first report of characterization of Indian avocado accessions using the molecular markers.
Dietary nitrate supplementation for preventing and reducing the severity of winter infections, including COVID-19, in care homes (BEET-Winter)- a randomised placebo-controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Bath Philip M , Skinner Cameron J C , Bath Charlotte S , Woodhouse Lisa J , Korovesi Anastasia Areti Kyriazopoulou , Long Hongjiang , Havard Diane , Coleman Christopher M , England Timothy J , Leyland Valerie , Lim Wei Shen , Montgomery Alan A , Royal Simon , Avery Amanda , Webb Andrew J , Gordon Adam L
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInfections cause considerable care home morbidity and mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) has broad-spectrum anti-viral, bacterial and yeast activity in vitro. We assessed the feasibility of supplementing dietary nitrate (NO substrate) intake in care home residents.MethodsWe performed a cluster-randomised placebo-controlled trial in UK residential and nursing care home residents and compared nitrate containing (400 mg) versus free (0 mg daily) beetroot juice given for 60 days. Outcomes comprised feasibility of recruitment, adherence, salivary and urinary [nitrate], and ordinal infection/clinical events.ResultsOf 30 targeted care homes in late 2020, 16 expressed interest and only 6 participated. 49 residents were recruited (median 8 [interquartile range 7–12] per home), mean (standard deviation) age 82 (8) years, with proxy consent 41 (84%), advance directive for hospital non-admission 8 (16%) and ≥ 1 doses of COVID-19 vaccine 37 (82%). Background dietary nitrate was < 30% of acceptable daily intake. 34 (76%) residents received > 50% of juice. Residents randomised to nitrate vs placebo had higher urinary nitrate levels, median 50 [18–175] v 18 [10–50] mg/L, difference 25 [0–90]. Data paucity precluded clinical between-group comparisons; the outcome distribution was: no infection 32 (67%), uncomplicated infection 0, infection requiring healthcare support 11 (23%), all-cause hospitalisation 5 (10%), all-cause mortality 0. Urinary tract infections were most common.ConclusionsRecruiting UK care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic was partially successful. Supplemented dietary nitrate was tolerated and elevated urinary [nitrate]. Together, infections, hospitalisations and deaths occurred in 33% of residents over 60 days. A larger trial is now required.RegistrationISRCTN51124684
Influence of Prenatal Exercise on the Relationship Between Maternal Overweight and Obesity and Select Delivery Outcomes
Authors: McDonald Samantha M , Mouro Steven , Wisseman Breanna , Isler Christy , DeVente James , Newton Edward , Hildebrand Jason , Kuehn Devon , Kelley George , Chasan-Taber Lisa , Broskey Nicholas T. , May Linda E.
Published: April 2022

Background: Women with overweight or obesity (OWOB) have an increased risk of cesarean birth, preterm birth (PTB), and high birth weight infants. Although regular exercise decreases this risk in healthy weight women, these associations have not been explored in OWOB.Methods: Women were randomized at 13-16 weeks’ gestation to 150-minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (n=131) or non-exercising control (n=61). Delivery mode, gestational age (GA), and birth weight (BW) were obtained via electronic health records.Results: Pregnant exercisers had no differences in risk of cesarean birth, PTB, or BW compared to control participants. OWOB exercisers had higher rates of cesarean birth (27.1% vs. 11.1%), trends of higher PTB (15.3% vs. 5.6%), but normal weight babies relative to normal weight exercisers. Controlling for race and body mass index (BMI), maternal exercise reduced the relative risk (RR) for cesarean birth from 1.63 to 1.43. Cesarean births predicted by pre-pregnancy BMI and fitness level, whereas BW was predicted by race, gestational weight gain (GWG), pre-pregnancy fitness level, and exercise level. Conclusion: Cesarean birth was predicted by pre-pregnancy BMI and fitness level, while maternal exercise reduced the magnitudes of the relative risks of cesarean birth. Maternal exercise, pre-pregnancy fitness level, and GWG predict neonatal BW.Trial Registration: Influence of Maternal Exercise on Infant Skeletal Muscle and Metabolomics- #NCT03838146, 12/02/2019, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/template/EditRecord.vm?epmode=Edit&listmode=Edit&uid=U0003Z0X&ts=8&sid=S0008FWJ&cx=77ud1i
Phytochemical profiling, anti-inﬂammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potentials of Portulacaria afra Jacq: Molecular docking of unexplored bioactive compounds
Authors: Tabassum Sobia , Khan Kashif-ur-Rehman , Ahmad Saeed , Jabeen Qaiser , Rehman M. Sajid-ur , Usman Faisal , Ali Barkat , Iqbal Muhammad Jafar , Tabassum Fouzia , Ghalloo Bilal Ahmad , Ahmad Maqsood , Zubair Hafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Natural products play an important role in novel drug discovery by providing structural leads for the pharmacotherapeutic agents against a variety of diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the possible, anti-inﬂammatory, antipyretic activity and analgesic potential of hydro-methanol extract (HMPA) of Portulacaria afra ( (acq ) in a rat model to support its folk use. The ingredients in HMPA extract were identified by using GC.MS followed by molecular docking of 1-Coprosten-3-one semicarbazone, Phenol, 2, 2-methylenebis,7,9-ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro [4.5] deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione against Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes. The phytochemical test of HMPA extract showed a positive result for secondary metabolites of tannin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterol, saponins, cardiac glycoside quinolones, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. The HMPA extract showed a good concentration of total flavonoid content (163.25 ± 2.50 mg GAE/g) and total phenolic contents (153.21 ± 1.17 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant capacity of HMPA extract showed signiﬁcant potential by DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC, FRAP methods. The Chromatogram by GC.MS showed compounds with anti-inﬂammatory potentials such as methyl octadeca-9, 12-dienoate, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid, palmitoleic acid, methyl palmitate, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Parthenolide. In carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, assay results showed dose-dependent anti-inﬂammatory action. The different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) had anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner. The analgesic activity by hot-plate, tail flicking, writhing test in rats HMPA extract demonstrated significant (p<0.05) potential. The antipyretic activity was investigated by using yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. At the dose of 100 and 200, 400 mg/kg HMPA extract signiﬁcantly decreased the temperature with maximum eﬀect at the 3 rd , 4th, and 5th h. The results of in vitro and in vivo experimental research confirmed the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic capabilities of P.afra and sustained folkloric claims of this plant.
Systematic review of the costs of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): presenting the evidence on odds ratios and costs.
Authors: Lloyd-Williams Huw , Spencer Llinos Haf , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor
Published: April 2022

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to cause an array of diseases later in the life course [1]. However, there have been to date no studies that explicitly look at the costs of ACEs to society. Insofar as ACEs have an association with such diseases as cancer it is considered a worthwhile exercise to attempt to put a financial cost on these diseases and to calculate how much of this cost is attributable to ACEs. This is to make the case for investing in early years and linking services across sectors e.g. health, social care, crime and justice etc. so that the balance of spending is shifted towards prevention. Such information is useful for evidence-based policy making.MethodsThis systematic review follows the design, methods and processes of the Campbell and Cochrane Economics Method Group (CCEMG) [2]. The JSTOR, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase and PsycInfo electronic databases were extensively searched with relevant search terms. ResultsThe review is divided into two parts, the first part looking at odds ratios of the five disease types that link ACEs with these diseases. We then calculate the likelihood of how much of a particular disease is caused by certain ACEs and present these in tables. The second part of the review looks at cost of illness studies for the five highest expenditure disease types in the UK. These are Mental Disorders, Circulatory disorders, cancer, muscoskeletal disorders and genitourinary disorders. The results are presented in a tabular format by taking costs of illness from different studies and presenting them all, converted to GBP and 2020 figures, in an accessible format. The most striking figure in the odds ratios part is the relationship between sexual abuse and psychosis at 15.47 signifying a strong relationship and a suggestion that interventions to reduce psychosis might well benefit from concentrating on tackling sexual abuse. In terms of cost, we see that the lowest costs are those that do not consider indirect costs and only report direct medical expenditure. ConclusionThe information gathered here will serve as the basis to look at the relationship between cost of illness and adverse childhood experiences. The results of this paper will be useful to those who wish to use the odds ratios (after converting into relative risk ratios) to calculate population attributable fractions associated with each ACE so that they are able to calculate the percentage of each disease that is caused by certain ACEs. This percentage can then be applied to the costs gleaned from part 2 of this review to arrive at a cost that can be attributed to certain ACEs.