bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Over de betekenis van het werk van Jan van Scorel omstreeks 1530 voor oudere en jongere tijdgenoten (2)
Authors: Bruyn J.
Published: January 2013

The Portrait of a 42 year-old Man in the Von Wied Collection (Fig. 2, Notes 3 and 5) has repeatedly been associated with Maerten van Heemskerck's Portrait of a 34 year-old Man (traditionally identified as Pieter Bicker) in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Fig. I, Notes 1 and 2) and attributed to the same artist. However, in view of the inconsistencies and weaknesses in the former, the undeniable similarities that exist between the two pictures should be interpreted as evidence that this painting was based on the one in Amsterdam and was done by an imitator of Heemskerck. A small number o f other works, known in the original or from copies, may be attributed to the same hand, mainly on the basis of a peculiar deformity that mars the depiction of the hands (Fig. 3-6). One of them is a portrait (known from two copies, Figs. 5 and 6) of a member of a prominent family in Alkmaar which leads one to think that the artist was active in that city. The predominance of Heemskerck's influence over that of Jan van Scorel, as seen in the work of the Pseudo-Heemskerck, appears to illustrate a certain amount of competition between Jan van Scorel and his assistant and junior by a few years, Maerten van Heemskerck. It lends credibility to Carel van Mander's story (in his biography of Heemskerck) according to which Scorel allowed Heemskerck to leave his workshop because he was jealous of the latter's success.
De St. Lucasgilden van Haarlem en Delft in de zestiende eeuw
Authors: Miedema Hessel
Published: January 2013

In preparing his Artists and Artisans in Delft, an important contribution to a better understanding of the social and economic circumstances of the members of the Guild of St. Luke in the seventeenth century, John M. Montias had at his disposal Pro fessor J. L. van der Gouw's transcription of the Delft account book recently acquired by the Municipal Archives there (Note 1). However, he did not discuss it in detail, as it dales from the mid sixteenth century. Thus it seems appropriate to publish it here (with an index of proper names) and to analyse it more closely in conjunction with a Haarlem account book of the same period (Note 2) and various other guild documents. In that analysis the emphasis will lie on the funclion of the guilds and the functions of their members in the guild context.
The Future's Live, the Future's Digital
Authors: Horne Alastair
Published: January 2013

This paper explores how publishers might mitigate a fall in revenues caused by the rise in ebook sales and the associated decline in book prices. By ending their historical reliance on selling single formats to undifferentiated classes of consumer (the 'one-size-fits-all' model), and instead producing formats tailored to specific types of customer, at different price points, might publishers maintain revenues? Lessons drawn from the experiences of the music industry suggest that live events such as literary festivals and author tours might have a key part to play in new business models; they might also offer a cost-effective means of generating enhanced content to add value to premium products.
The Pace of Ebook Development in China
Authors: Chenglin Lin , Xuehai Ma , Sanguo Cheng
Published: January 2013

This paper bases its argument on a 'Three Worlds' theory of e-book development. The theory believes that in terms of developmental paths, it is important to understand the worlds of ebook 1.0(e-format of paper book), 2.0(digital-only) and 3.0(enhanced ebook), in which 1.0 represents very much the transformation of traditional print book publishing. That one follows another, a trend as shown and proven in the US and some other markets, is seemingly obvious and inevitable. However, China has a unique situation, in which ebook 2.0 is the first to develop and 1.0 yet to take off. It may also be the case that ebook 3.0 comes ahead of 1.0. There is certainly much to do for Chinese traditional publishing in the development of ebook 1.0, or one may see a completely reversed order or pace of development.
Publishing and the Social Web Report from the Second Semantico Online Publishing Symposium, London, November 2011
Authors: Helmer John
Published: January 2013

This report from a symposium held in London by digital publishing company Semantico found that change brought about by the social web might vary in pace across different publishing sectors, but that all publishers have some common issues. Chief among these is the danger that they get shut out of the conversation as the communities that naturally form around authors and subject areas transfer online, and their traditional status is challenged by the new phenomenon of mass curation. The answer is to put innovation at the centre of the business; focusing it on core specialisms, and avoiding indulging in a 'me-too' adoption of the latest trend.
Horse, Wheel, and Saddle
Authors: Hacker Barton C.
Published: January 2013

Military revolutions are a normal consequence of the central role of military institutions in complex societies. They have everywhere occurred regularly, if infrequently; they are scarcely limited to Western Europe, or even to the modern world. This essay discusses recent writings on two military revolutions in the ancient world, both centered on the military horse: first, its domestication and its role in pulling war chariots; second, the transition from horse driving to horse riding in battle. The chariot revolution of the second millennium BC profoundly reshaped warfare and transformed polities all across Eurasia. The cavalry revolution of the first millennium BC proved equally transformative and far longer lasting. Despite the controversy that has come to surround the concept of military revolution, it may still be fruitfully applied to important aspects of the large-scale historical interactions between societies and their armed forces.
An update of the types of Heteroptera (Hemiptera) housed at the Museo de La Plata Entomological Collection (Argentina)
Authors: MONTEMAYOR SARA ITZEL , DELLAPÉ PABLO MATÍAS
Published: January 2013

We present a list of the type material of Heteroptera deposited in the entomological collection of the Museo de La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina) in the last six years and or, not included in previous catalogs. This catalog includes 244 specimens belonging to 43 holotypes, one neotype, and 200 paratypes. The type material examined belongs to 50 species from 43 genera distributed in 16 families: Schizopteridae, Hydrometridae, Naucoridae, Thaumastocoridae, Miridae, Tingidae, Vianaididae, Reduviidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae, Largidae , Berytidae, Blissidae, Lygaeidae, Oxycarenidae, and Rhyparochromidae.
Preimaginal morphology of the genera Salpingogaster Schiner, 1868 and Eosalpingogaster Hull, 1949 (Diptera: Syrphidae), with its systematic implications
Authors: PÉREZ-BAÑÓN CELESTE , ARCAYA EVELIN , MENGUAL XIMO , ROJO SANTOS
Published: January 2013

The puparium of Salpingogaster nigra and Eosalpingogaster umbra are described, and diagnosis and illustrations are provided. The morphology of immature stages of the genera Salpingogaster and Eosalpingogaster are studied and compared for the first time. The results are in agreement with previous molecular analyses that recognise both genera as valid. We found two different puparium morphotypes for E. umbra and discuss the improbability of immature sexual dimorphism in this species. An identification key is also provided for all species with known puparia.
The Brachyura described by Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing and a listing of Stebbing’s South African Crustacea for the Marine Investigations in South Africa (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Authors: LOW MARTYN E. Y. , NG PETER K. L.
Published: January 2013

The Reverend Thomas Roscoe Rede Stebbing (b. 6 February 1835, d. 8 July 1926) is best known for his work on amphipod systematics (see Calman 1926, 1927; Mills 1976). Stebbing, however, also contributed significantly to the study of decapod crustaceans of South Africa in the 12-part South African Crustacea for the Marine Investigations in South Africa (Table 1). In 15 publications (Stebbing 1902, 1904, 1905a, b, 1908, 1910, 1914a, 1917b, 1918, 1920a, b, 1921a, b, 1923, 1924), Stebbing established seven genus- (four currently considered to be valid) and 29 (18 currently considered to be valid) species-group names for Brachyura (Table 2). The two family-group names proposed by Stebbing (1902, 1905a) are now junior synonyms. Three names: Dotilla clepsydra Stebbing, 1917 (= Dotilla fenestrata Hilgendorf, 1869, Dotillidae), Epialtus vetchi Stebbing, 1920 (= Elamena mathoei (Desmarest, 1823), Hymenosomatidae), and Mamaia queketti Stebbing, 1908 (= Maja capensis Ortmann, 1894, Majidae), were not treated in the world brachyuran checklist of Ng et al. (2008) (see notes accompanying Table 2).
Cambios de la identidad social en organizaciones en red
Authors: Moreno Ana
Published: January 2013

Las organizaciones están viviendo cambios estratégicos, culturales y organizativos para adaptarse a la sociedad de la información. La incorporación de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), facilita los esquemas de trabajo en red de los y las profesionales y la virtualización de las organizaciones. En este nuevo contexto, el sistema de significados cambia, y la identidad social de los trabajadores se ve afectada. Este trabajo explora cómo se comporta la identidad social y cuál es su relación con la necesidad de afiliación, estudiando un grupo de 205 profesionales con distintas características, lo que ha permitido dividirlos en profesionales red y profesionales no red. A su vez, estos profesionales pertenecían a organizaciones que, en función de ciertas características, se han categorizado en más o menos virtuales. Los resultados principales del trabajo son el establecimiento de un método de análisis en organizaciones red y la confirmación de que en la transformación de una organización hacia modelos virtuales, la identidad social se debilita para profesionales con alta necesidad de afiliación.
La influencia de las relaciones interpersonales en la evaluación cognitiva y regulación de la ira en diferentes grupos de edad
Authors: Oriol-Granado Xavier , Filella Gemma , Calucho Nuria
Published: January 2013

En este artículo se analizan las diferencias existentes entre población adulta con y sin descendencia y adolescentes (N = 686) sobre las causas que provocan la emoción de la ira, las estrategias de regulación emocional más utilizadas y el tiempo que tardan en regular dicha emoción. Además se analizó la correlación existente entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional y el bienestar psicológico. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó una complementariedad metodológica. Los datos indican que las relaciones interpersonales (especialmente entre padres e hijos) influyen en las variables causa, regulación y tiempo de la ira. Los padres vinculan la ira a sus condescendientes, hecho que les hace más conscientes de la necesidad de regular dichas emociones. Ello implica un mayor uso de estrategias de reevaluación cognitiva para regular las situaciones de ira y en consecuencia requieren un menor tiempo para regular dicha emoción. Para los adultos sin hijos y los adolescentes se produce también una importante influencia de las personas significativas para ellos en las causas. Los adolescentes son los que más suprimen la ira y mayor tiempo tardan en regularla.
La maleabilidad del género: efectos de la exposición breve a imágenes contra-estereotípicas en materia afectivo-sexual
Authors: Gartzia Leire
Published: January 2013

Estudios previos han mostrado que las mujeres y los hombres experimentan sus relaciones de pareja de manera diferente, tanto en lo referido a factores sexuales como afectivos. Mediante la utilización de un diseño experimental, en el presente trabajo se analiza si la exposición breve a imágenes contra-estereotípicas, en las que se ponen en cuestionamiento los roles de género en materia afectivo-sexual, permite reducir dichas diferencias y promover respuestas afectivo-sexuales más saludables por parte de las mujeres y de los hombres. Los resultados indican que las mujeres expuestas a dichas imágenes muestran mayores niveles de afecto positivo a la hora de tomar la iniciativa en las relaciones, mientras que los hombres desarrollan un mayor grado de responsabilidad y control en su conducta sexual. No se cumple la hipótesis de que las mujeres reducirían el afecto negativo experimentado al tomar la iniciativa en la relación. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas de estos resultados.
Gender differences in antifat attitudes
Authors: Magallares Alejandro , Morales José-Francisco
Published: January 2013

Differences between women and men in the expression of prejudice toward obese people coexist with widespread antifat attitudes. It has been argued that these differences stem from women's tendency to internalize the social norm of slimness and to develop eating concerns, while men tend to resort to externalization and to showing antifat attitudes. Data obtained from 597 students (264 male and 333 female) revealed that men showed more prejudice against obese people, and that women had high scores in eating problems questionnaires. Finally, it is discussed why men and women adopt different strategies to deal with the social norm of thinness.
La eficacia de rol como mediadora entre el clima motivacional y el rendimiento en jóvenes futbolistas
Authors: Fabra Priscila , Balaguer Isabel , Castillo Isabel , Mercé Juan , Duda Joan L.
Published: January 2013

En el marco de la Teoría de las Metas de Logro y de la Teoría de la Autoeficacia de Bandura, se puso a prueba un modelo hipotetizando relaciones entre el clima motivacional percibido, la eficacia de rol y el desempeño del rol como un indicador del rendimiento, en situaciones de ataque y de defensa en fútbol. Asimismo, se exploró el papel mediador de la eficacia de rol entre el clima motivacional y el rendimiento. Un total de 295 futbolistas varones de entre 12 y 16 años completaron los cuestionarios que evaluaban las variables de estudio. Los resultados mostraron que, tanto en ataque como en defensa, la eficacia de rol actuó como mediadora entre el clima de implicación en la tarea y el rendimiento, y como mediadora parcial entre el clima de implicación en el ego y el rendimiento. Los resultados enfatizan el importante papel que juega el clima motivacional percibido creado por los entrenadores en el desarrollo de las creencias de eficacia de rol y en el rendimiento de los jugadores.
Percepción de justicia y actitudes hacia inmigrantes
Authors: López-Rodríguez Lucía , Willis Guillermo B. , Brambilla Marco , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa
Published: January 2013

La investigación sobre justicia ha demostrado que en ocasiones los individuos prefieren conseguir resultados peores para ellos pero justos, más que resultados beneficiosos pero injustos. La presente investigación explora los efectos de la percepción de justicia sobre las actitudes intergrupales, manipulando la cantidad de recursos asignados a autóctonos e inmigrantes de forma proporcional al número de habitantes en un lugar determinado. En la condición de justicia, el número de inmigrantes fue proporcional a la cantidad de recursos asignados, mientras en la condición de injusticia el número de inmigrantes y los recursos asignados no fueron proporcionales. El Estudio 1 (N = 149) mostró que en la condición de justicia, en comparación con la condición de injusticia, se redujo el prejuicio y el apoyo hacia políticas anti inmigración. En el Estudio 2 (N = 82) se replicaron algunos de los resultados del Estudio 1 en un contexto y con un exogrupo diferentes. Además, los participantes en la condición de justicia mostraron un mayor apoyo a un partido político pro-inmigración que los de la condición de injusticia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.
Psychosocial analysis of ETA's violence legitimation discourse
Authors: Varela-Rey Ana , Rodríguez-Carballeira Álvaro , Martín-Peña Javier
Published: January 2013

This study analyses the fundamental components shaping the violence legitimation discourse of ETA (Euskadi Ta Askasuna). With this aim, a category system has been built, which organizes the psychosocial processes identified in previous studies related to violence legitimation. Based on the proposed category system, a content analysis was conducted on 21 statements of ETA, released between 1998 and 2011. An intra-observer and inter-observer reliability analysis reveals high level stability and replicability of the categorization. The results show, firstly, that outgroup components have a predominant presence over ingroup components. Secondly, in the components hierarchy, we observe that elements referring to identity come in first place, followed in similar frequencies by those related to violence representation and the definition of the situation.
El movimiento 15-M: sus acciones como rituales, compartir social, creencias, valores y emociones
Authors: Páez Darío , Javaloy Federico , Wlodarczyk Anna , Espelt Esteve , Rimé Bernard
Published: January 2013

Un estudio correlational (N = 243 trabajadores y universitarios) comparó las creencias, valores, emociones y procesos grupales de participantes en el 15-M y personas que no participaron. Los participantes comparten más valores post-materialistas y creencias sobre identidad, injusticia y eficacia de la acción colectiva que los no participantes. Informan de más ira y vergüenza colectiva, y de más esperanza en que el movimiento triunfe. La vergüenza y la esperanza median entre el marco de injusticia y eficacia respectivamente y la participación en el 15-M. ha comunión emocional y creación de identidad colectiva son más intensas en las manifestaciones del 15-M que en actividades grupales más rutinarias, y la comunión se asocia a más acuerdo con las creencias y valores del 15-M y más apoyo social subjetivo. Los participantes en el 15-M desconfían más de las instituciones y perciben un clima emocional de mayor ira. La mayor comunión emocional e identificación colectiva refuerza el apoyo social y el clima emocional de ira en el caso de la participación en el 15-M. El compartir social refuerza las emociones y valores. Los resultados se enmarcan en un modelo neo-durkheimiano convergente con la perspectiva de la identidad social.
Evolution of the Lorenz Energy Cycle in the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the South American Sector of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Da Silva Ligia A. , Satyamurty Prakki
Published: January 2013

The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the South American sector of the Atlantic Ocean is identified using outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data in order to investigate the evolution of the Lorenz energy cycle in the region dominated by this large-scale feature. The NCEP reanalysis data are utilized to calculate the zonal and eddy components (denoted by Z and E, respectively) of kinetic energy K and available potential energy A (i.e., KZ, KE, AZ, and AE) and their conversions, on a daily basis. A wavelet decomposition of the time series is performed to detect long-term cycles/trends in the Atlantic ITCZ region. This work also investigates trends in sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) in the ITCZ region and connections between the ITCZ and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). A strong annual cycle in all the energy components with high peaks in austral summer is observed. Approximately 91% of the zonal component of energy is contained on decadal or longer time scales. The annual and semiannual variabilities are significant and the synoptic-scale variability is also present. The zonal component of kinetic energy KZ presents a decreasing trend during the last 28 years, which means a weakening of trade winds in the region studied. The values of KZ and AE are significantly higher during the period 1982/83, indicating that the intense El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and/or the El Chichón eruption may have affected the circulation in the ITCZ region. The 28-yr mean energy conversion and generation terms are in general weaker than in the hemispheric calculations but the energy conversions proceed in the same sense as in the hemispheric situation.
State of the e-mental health field in Australia: Where are we now?
Authors: Christensen Helen , Petrie Katherine
Published: January 2013

Objective:

E-mental health technologies are increasing rapidly, both in number and in utilisation by consumers, health systems and researchers. This review aimed to: (i) examine the features and scientific evidence for e-mental health programs; (ii) describe the growth in these programs in the past decade, and track the extent and quality of scientific research over time; and (iii) examine Australian and international contribution to the field.

Method:

Two types of e-mental health programs; ‘web interventions’ and mobile applications’; targeting depression, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder and general stress were included. Data were collected from the Beacon website ( www.beacon.anu.edu.au ; last updated July 2011). Features of each program and their supporting scientific evidence were coded.

Results:

In total, 62 web interventions and 11 mobile applications were identified. Half of these were developed in Australia. The majority of programs were aimed towards adults and were based upon cognitive behavioural therapy. Approximately equal numbers of programs were developed for all targeted disorders except bipolar disorder, which was underrepresented. Only 35.5% of programs, all of which were web-based, had been evaluated by at least one RCT. The number of publications over the last decade is increasing. The majority were from Australian sources. Non-Australian research was lower in diversity and quantity.

Conclusions:

E-mental health research is increasing globally. Australia continues to be an international leader in this field. Depression, anxiety and panic disorder remain the disorders most targeted. Whilst the scientific evidence supporting e-mental health programs is growing, a substantial lack of high-quality empirical support was evident across the field, particularly for mobile applications and bipolar and social anxiety.
Park Use Among Youth and Adults
Authors: Baran Perver K. , Smith William R. , Moore Robin C. , Floyd Myron F. , Bocarro Jason N. , Cosco Nilda G. , Danninger Thomas M.
Published: January 2013

This article examines park use in relation to neighborhood social (safety and poverty) and urban form (pedestrian infrastructure and street network pattern) characteristics among youth and adult subpopulations defined by age and gender. We utilized System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and Geographic Information Systems to objectively measure park use and park and neighborhood characteristics in 20 neighborhood parks. Heterogeneous negative binomial regression models indicated that the relationship between park use and types of activity settings, and park use and neighborhood attributes vary by age and gender. In general, the study found that park and activity setting size; activity settings such as playgrounds, basketball courts, pool and water features, shelters, and picnic areas; and availability of sidewalks and intersections in the park’s neighborhood were positively associated with park use, whereas crime, poverty, and racial heterogeneity of the surrounding neighborhood were negatively associated with park use.
Carbon nanotube composite for electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal signature reduction
Authors: Kim JH , Fernandes GE , Deisley D , Jung SW , Jokubaitis M , Kim HM , Kim KB , Xu JM
Published: January 2013

We have developed a new method of electron beam cross-linking to improve electrical conductivity without deteriorating optical transparency of carbon nanotube films. Nano- and micro-patterning on carbon nanotube films are found to be effective in improving optical transparency, but comes at a cost of reducing electrical conductivity. Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube films can be significantly reduced by nanopatterning. A decreased thermal conductivity may not be all negative, as it could help thermal energy harvesting through increasing Seebeck coefficient and ZT. Multifunctional nanocomposites of carbon nanotube and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) were prepared and they showed high electromagnetic interference shielding efficiencies and thermal signature reduction while remain optically transparent.
Simultaneous energy harvesting and gust alleviation for a multifunctional composite wing spar using reduced energy control via piezoceramics
Authors: Wang Ya , Inman Daniel J
Published: January 2013

This article examines the concept and design of a multifunctional composite sandwich structure for simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration control. The intention is to design a composite wing spar for a small unmanned aerial vehicle which is able to harvest energy itself from ambient vibrations during normal flight along with available sunlight. If the wing experiences any strong wind gust, it will sense the increased vibration levels and provide vibration control to maintain its stability. The proposed multifunctional composite wing spar integrates a flexible solar cell array, piezoelectric wafers, a thin film battery, and an electronic module into a composite sandwich structure. The piezoelectric wafers act as sensors, actuators, and harvesters. The basic design factors are discussed for a beam-like multifunctional wing spar with energy harvesting, strain sensing, and self-controlling functions. The configurations, locations, and operating modes of piezoelectric transducers are also discussed for optimal power generation. The equivalent electromechanical representations of a multifunctional wing spar is derived theoretically and simulated numerically. Special attention is given to the self-contained gust alleviation with the goal of using available energy harvested from ambient vibrations. A reduced energy control law is implemented to reduce the actuation energy and the dissipated heat. This law integrates saturation control with a positive strain feedback controller and is represented by a positive feedback operation amplifier and a voltage buffer operation amplifier for each mode. This study builds off of our previous research and holds promise for improving unmanned aerial vehicle performance in wind gusts. Here, we also include, but not use, a flexible solar panel in our modeling.
Multifunctional carbon nanotube–epoxy composites for thermal energy management
Authors: Kaul Pankaj B , Bifano Michael FP , Prakash Vikas
Published: January 2013

This paper reports development and thermal characterization of tin-capped vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube array composites for thermal energy management in load-bearing structural applications. Three-omega voltage measurements are used to characterize thermal conductivity in the vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube-epoxy composites as well as in its individual constituents, i.e. bulk epon-862 (matrix) and tin thin film in the temperature range 240 K–300 K, and in individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes at room temperature taken from the same vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube batch as the one used to fabricate the carbon nanotube-epoxy composites. A 1-D multilayer thermal model that includes effects of thermal interface resistance is developed to interpret the experimental results. The thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube-epoxy composite is estimated to be ∼5.8 W/m-K and exhibits a slight increase in the temperature range of 240 K to 300 K. The study suggests that morphological structure/quality of the individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes as well as thin tin capping layer are dominating factors that control the overall thermal conductivity of the thermal interface materials. These results are encouraging in light of the fact that thermal conductivity of a vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube array can be increased by an order of magnitude by using a standard high-temperature post-annealing step. In this way, multifunctional (load bearing) thermal interface materials with effective through-thickness thermal conductivities as high as 25 W/m-K can potentially be fabricated.
Child Abuse, Street Victimization, and Substance Use Among Homeless Young Adults
Authors: Tyler Kimberly A. , Melander Lisa A.
Published: January 2013

Although previous research documents high rates of child abuse, street victimization, and substance use among homeless youth, few studies have investigated these three constructs simultaneously, and thus little is known about how various forms of victimization are uniquely associated with substance use among this population. The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship among child sexual and physical abuse, street victimization, and partner violence with substance use among 172 homeless young adults. Path analysis results revealed that males and those who reported parental drug problems were significantly more likely to have higher rates of substance use. Those who suffered more childhood physical and sexual abuse and those who experienced more types of relationship violence were more likely to report greater frequency of substance use. The intersection of various forms of victimization with substance use may have important implications for service providers working with this population.
Aqeeda, Adab and Aitraaz: Modalities of ‘being’ Barelwi
Authors: Farah Sumbul
Published: January 2013

Through an exploration of the concepts that inform one’s conduct in everyday life, this article seeks to make manifest the performative code that lies at the heart of Barelwiyat. To ‘be’ a Barelwi, it is necessary to owe allegiance to a particular worldview in a way that one’s faith is inscribed onto one’s self, both within and without. An ineluctable relationship is thus forged between ‘doing’ and ‘being’, wherein both affirmation and denunciation become incumbent upon those who claim to be Barelwi. These practices, considered essential and public in nature, enable and necessitate the existence of a shared idiom, facilitating the decryption of bodily enactments and kinesthetics, and allowing them to be judged by the moral community at large. I draw upon my own experience of growing up in an avowedly Barelwi household, as well as ethnographic research carried out in Bareilly to bring forth this dimension of faith.
Mobilising language, imagining region: Use of Bhoti in West Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Gohain Swargajyoti
Published: January 2013

For more than a decade, the Monpas, a Tibetan Buddhist borderland community in west Arunachal Pradesh, have been demanding the status of mother tongue for Tibetan or Bhoti, as it is commonly known in the Indian Himalayas. Bhoti or Tibetan has provided the religious script as well as the language of the religious canon for Tibetan Buddhists in the trans-Himalayas, although the communities living in the Indian Himalayas and in Bhutan and Nepal speak different variants of Tibetan (‘Tibetan-related languages’). Rather than seeing the language politics of the borderland Monpas as the localised assertion of ethnic identity by a marginal group, this article shows that Monpa language politics is underlain by a spatial discourse corresponding not to a Monpa homeland, but instead connecting different Tibetan Buddhists of the Indian Himalayan region. This is not to argue that there is a move for territorial reconfiguration on the basis of the Bhoti language politics, but to allow the discourse around Bhoti to open up the idea of an imaginative geography among Buddhist groups in the trans-Himalayas.
Agnatic notion, bilateral tendencies and the organisation of local groups among the Muduga
Authors: Tharakan C. George
Published: January 2013

This article examines the agnatic notion and the organisation of local groups among the Muduga of Attappady in Kerala. Ethnographic evidence shows that the actual practices of the Muduga deviate from an ideal patrilineal type, exhibiting bilateral tendencies which are not characteristic of a strong patrilineal system, thereby making the Muduga case appear to fall between the African and Melanesian type. In the understanding of kin groups, there is a need to differentiate between social groups and cultural categories. The nature of Muduga kinship can be understood only by meaningfully linking ideal and actual behaviour through the interrelationship between structural premises and practice.
Proclamation and Interreligious Dialogue as Prophetic Dialogue
Authors: Schroeder Roger P.
Published: January 2013

The author addresses the challenging relationship of proclamation and interreligious dialogue from the perspective of prophetic dialogue, a concept developed by the author and Stephen Bevans. The first part of the article highlights the origin of the term “prophetic dialogue,” its practice as entering someone else’s “garden,” and its theology as two dimensions of missio Dei. The article then describes the two components of mission—proclamation and interreligious dialogue—and considers each within the framework of prophetic dialogue. Schroeder proposes that this perspective provides an avenue for understanding the complementarity of the theology and practice of these two components of mission.
Undergraduate Perceptions of Vocational Calling into Missions and Ministry
Authors: Price J. Matthew
Published: January 2013

This article is a qualitative study of undergraduate student perceptions of the calling into Christian missions and ministry. A number of central factors emerged when students spoke of the process of discovering their vocation. Students were likely to situate their calling in the midst of social interaction. They also tended to arrive at a sense of calling during or after participating in a ministry or mission-related experience. The role of mentors in affirming their vocation, especially within the local church and family life, was also emphasized, along with intuitive encounters with God.
No Church in the Wild: Hip Hop Theology and Mission
Authors: Hodge Daniel White
Published: January 2013

Despite its infamous profile of immorality and perceived secular attitudes, Hip Hop provides context, meaning, and a spiritual modus for young people. This article describes the socioeconomic conditions which gave rise to Hip Hop and provides two examples of its religious and spiritual discourse. These illustrate how Hip Hop produces a relevant, transparent, and contextual form of theology that it is imperative for mission to engage.
A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words
Authors: Whitley Cameron T.
Published: January 2013

Although images are often used in the classroom to communicate difficult concepts, students have little input into their selection and application. This approach can create a passive experience for students and represents a missed opportunity for instructors to engage participation. By applying concepts found in visual sociology to techniques identified in the scholarship of teaching and learning, I created an image-based learning model to address this disconnect. I used discussion board image selection, posting and critique exercises (image-posts), and personal meaning maps (PMMs) as core assignments. This combination increased student comprehension, challenged and altered perceptions of key topics, and gave them a greater sense of agency through reflexive learning. Additionally, students’ reception of this model was favorable, with 97 percent reporting that the course met or exceeded their expectations and 95 percent reporting that they learned more in this class than in any previously taken college-level course.
Downsides of Social Capital for Women During Disaster Recovery
Authors: Ganapati N. Emel
Published: January 2013

This article examines the downsides of social capital (networks of citizens) for women affected by disasters, an issue little understood in the public administration literature. Studying this issue is important due to women’s unique vulnerabilities and resilience in the face of disasters. Based on the case study of the epicenter of the August 17, 1999, earthquake in Turkey (in-depth interviews, participatory site observation, a focus group, and review of secondary sources), this article suggests that despite its benefits, social capital has its downsides. It helps perpetuate gender-based assumptions and could put women in conflict with the state authorities.
A cross-cultural examination of preschool teacher cognitions and responses to child aggression
Authors: Pochtar Randi , Vecchio Tamara Del
Published: January 2013

The associations among preschool teachers’ attributions about child responsibility, intentionality, knowledge, and the seriousness of hypothetical displays of children’s aggressive behavior are examined in United States ( N = 82) and Vietnamese ( N = 91) preschool teachers. The results suggest cross-cultural differences as well as similarities in the relations among preschool teachers’ cognitions, affect, and disapproval of physical aggression. Teachers’ perceptions of the seriousness of and their negative affective responses to aggression, but not their beliefs about intent, predict teacher disapproval for both Vietnamese and US samples. Cross-cultural comparisons indicate in general US teachers express more negative attributions about, and Vietnamese teachers endorse more disapproval of, child aggression. Although the overall cognitive model is consistent across cultures, cross-cultural differences are found on teacher perception and responses to child aggression. It is important to consider such group differences in light of considerations to employ Western educational models or psychological interventions with individuals in non-Western countries.
Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms
Authors: Sheehan Maura
Published: January 2013

This article examines human resource management (HRM) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, by examining the issue of causal order, it addresses a significant gap in the extant HRM–performance literature within the context of such firms. Significant simultaneous and longitudinal relationships between HRM practices and specific performance indicators are found. Controlling for past performance and thus, testing for the potential for reverse causality does not eliminate the significant relationship between human resource practices and performance. In sum, the use of human resource practices is found to positively enhance sustained competitive advantage. By explicitly examining the issue of causality in the human resources –performance relationship, this article makes a contribution to both the human resource and SME literatures.
End-of-life decisions for people with intellectual disabilities, an interview study with patient representatives
Authors: Wagemans Annemieke MA , Van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk Henny MJ , Proot Ireen M , Metsemakers Job , Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Curfs Leopold MG
Published: January 2013

Background:

Not much is known about the process of end-of-life decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities.

Aim:

To clarify the process of end-of-life decision-making for people with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of patient representatives.

Design:

A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Grounded Theory procedures.

Participants:

We interviewed 16 patient representatives after the deaths of 10 people with intellectual disabilities in the Netherlands.

Results:

The core category ‘Deciding for someone else’ describes the context in which patient representatives took end-of-life decisions. The patient representatives felt highly responsible for the outcomes. They had not involved the patients in the end-of-life decision-making process, nor any professionals other than the doctor. The categories of ‘Motives’ and ‘Support’ were connected to the core category of ‘Deciding for someone else’. ‘Motives’ refers to the patient representatives’ ideas about quality of life, prevention from suffering, patients who cannot understand the burden of interventions and emotional reasons reported by patient representatives. ‘Support’ refers to the support that patient representatives wanted the doctors to give to them in the decision-making process.

Conclusions:

From the perspective of the patient representatives, the process of end-of-life decision-making can be improved by ensuring clear roles and an explicit description of the tasks and responsibilities of all participants. Regular discussion between everyone involved including people with intellectual disabilities themselves can improve knowledge about each other’s motives for end-of-decisions and can clarify expectations towards each other.
The nature of, and reasons for, ‘inappropriate’ hospitalisations among patients with palliative care needs: A qualitative exploration of the views of generalist palliative care providers
Authors: Gott Merryn , Frey Rosemary , Robinson Jackie , Boyd Michal , O’Callaghan Anne , Richards Naomi , Snow Barry
Published: January 2013

Background:

Recent studies have concluded that there is significant potential to reduce the extent of ‘inappropriate’ hospitalisations among patients with palliative care needs. However, the nature of, and reasons for, inappropriate hospitalisations within a palliative care context is under-explored.

Aim:

To explore the opinions of ‘generalist’ palliative care providers regarding the nature of, and reasons for, inappropriate admissions among hospital inpatients with palliative care needs.

Design:

Qualitative study with data collected via individual interviews and focus groups.

Setting/participants:

Participants (n = 41) comprised ‘generalist’ palliative care providers working in acute hospital and community settings.

Setting:

One District Health Board in an urban area of New Zealand.

Results:

The majority of participants discussed ‘appropriateness’ in relation to their own understanding of a good death, which typically involved care being delivered in a ‘homely’ environment, from known people. Differing attitudes among cultural groups were also evident. The following reasons for inappropriate admissions were identified: family carers being unable to cope, the ‘rescue culture’ of modern medicine, the financing and availability of community services and practice within aged residential care.

Conclusions:

On the basis of our findings, we recommend a shift to the term ‘potentially avoidable’ admission rather than ‘inappropriate admission’. We also identify an urgent need for debate regarding the role of the acute hospital within a palliative care context. Interventions to reduce hospital admissions within this population must target societal understandings of death and dying within the context of medicalisation, as well as take into account cultural and ethnic diversity in attitudes, if they are to be successful.
“You Don’t Want to Ask for the Help” The Imperative of Independence
Authors: Bell Sheri , Menec Verena
Published: January 2013

Independence is highly valued in Western society. The emphasis on independence and consequent fear of dependence may, however, have a downside, potentially leading to social exclusion. Through photovoice methodology, we explored what older adults say about the importance of independence in their lives and how independence may relate to social exclusion. Data consisted of photographs, journals, interviews, and focus group transcripts from 30 participants residing in Manitoba, Canada, collected as part of a larger program of research on “age-friendly” communities. Findings highlighted the importance of resources and supports to help older adults remain independent and feel included and that fear of dependence and being perceived as “old” can lead to social exclusion. Policy initiatives designed to make communities more age-friendly are one way to enhance older adults’ independence and, ultimately, quality of life. It is equally important, however, that such initiatives go hand-in-hand with reimaging aging and old age.
Risk and Protective Factors of Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence in Hong Kong
Authors: Chong Eddie S. K. , Mak Winnie W. S. , Kwong Mabel M. F.
Published: January 2013

Numerous studies have assessed risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) among heterosexual couples around the globe. Nevertheless, few have addressed the same issue among same-sex couples, especially in cultures where same-sex intimate relationships have gained little acceptance. This exploratory study evaluated the substantial risk and protective factors for same-sex IPV based on gender-neutral theories. Three hundred and six Hong Kong residents who have been in a same-sex romantic relationship completed a web-based questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses indicated that relationship conflict and poor anger management were risk factors both of psychological and physical perpetration. Dominance and substance abuse were respectively associated with psychological aggression and physical battering despite their small effect sizes. Psychological aggression was also found to mediate the relationship between conflict and physical assault, and that between anger management and physical assault. Interventions related to the array of risk and protective factors were discussed and recommended.
Sexual Coercion Among Adolescent Women in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Pilgrim Nanlesta A. , Ahmed Saifuddin , Gray Ronald H. , Sekasanvu Joseph , Lutalo Tom , Nalugoda Fred K. , Serwadda David , Wawer Maria J.
Published: January 2013

Studies on adolescent girls’ vulnerability to sexual coercion in Sub-Saharan Africa have focused mainly on individual and partner risk factors, rarely investigating the role the family might play in their vulnerability. This study examined whether household family structure and parental vital status were associated with adolescent girls’ risk of sexual coercion in Rakai, Uganda. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risk of sexual coercion in the prior 12 months among 1,985 unmarried and married adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 who were participants in the Rakai Community Cohort Study between 2001 and 2008. Among sexually active girls, 11% reported coercion in a given past year. Unexpectedly, living with a single mother was protective against experiencing coercion. As much as 4.1% of never-married girls living with single mothers reported coercion, compared to 7.8% of girls living with biological fathers (adj. relative risk [RR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-5.08) and 20% of girls living in stepfather households (adj. RR = 4.73, 95% CI: 1.78-12.53). Ever-married girls whose mothers alone were deceased were more likely to report coercion than those with both parents alive (adj. RR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.30). Protecting adolescent girls from sexual coercion requires prevention approaches that incorporate the family, with particular emphasis on including the men (e.g. fathers) who might play an influential role in young girls’ sexual development. Understanding the family dynamics underlying the risk and protective effects of a given household structure might highlight new ways in which to prevent sexual coercion.