bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-reaction of POC-CCA urine test for detection of Schistosoma mekongi in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Homsana Anousin , Odermatt Peter , Southisavath Phonesavanh , Yajima Aya , Sayasone Somphou
Published: August 2020

Background

The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test is increasingly used as a rapid diagnostic method for Schistosoma mansoni infection. The test has good sensitivity, although false positive results have been reported among pregnant women and patients with urine infections and hematuria. We validated the POC-CCA test’s ability to diagnose Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), where S. mekongi is endemic. Of particular interest was the test’s specificity and possible cross-reactivity with other helminth infections.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of children and adults in the provinces of Champasack (Schistosoma mekongi and Opisthorchis viverrini endemic), Savannakhet (O. viverrini endemic) and Luang Prabang (soil-transmitted helminths endemic) between October 2018 and April 2019. POC-CCA and urine dipstick tests were administered to all study participants, while an additional pregnancy test was offered to women. Two stool samples were collected from participants and examined with a Kato-Katz test (two smears per stool). Logistic regression was used to associate potential confounding factors (predictors) with POC-CCA test results (outcome).

Results

In S. mekongi-endemic Champasack, 11.5% (n = 366) and 0.5% (n = 2) of study participants had positive POC-CCA and Kato-Katz test results, respectively. Only one of the two Kato-Katz positive patients was also POC-CCA positive. In Champasack and Luang Prabang, where S. mekongi is not endemic, the POC-CCA test yielded (presumably) false positive results for 6.0% (n = 22) and 2.5% (n = 9) of study participants, respectively, while all of the Kato-Katz tests were negative. POC-CCA positive test results were significantly associated with O. viverrini infection (1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.77, P = 0.042), increased leukocytes (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15–2.17, P = 0.005) and hematuria (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.07–2.10, P = 0.019) if the observed trace was counted as a positive test result. Two pregnant women from Champasack province had POC-CCA positive tests.

Conclusions

We observed a cross-reaction between the POC-CCA test and O. viverrini infection. To some extent, we can confirm previous observations asserting that POC-CCA provides false positive results among patients with urinary tract infections and hematuria. In S. mekongi-endemic areas, POC-CCA can be applied cautiously for surveillance purposes, keeping in mind the considerable risk of false positive results and its unknown sensitivity.
Prominent microglial inclusions in transgenic mouse models of α-synucleinopathy that are distinct from neuronal lesions
Authors: Tanriöver Gaye , Bacioglu Mehtap , Schweighauser Manuel , Mahler Jasmin , Wegenast-Braun Bettina M. , Skodras Angelos , Obermüller Ulrike , Barth Melanie , Kronenberg-Versteeg Deborah , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Shimshek Derya R. , Kahle Philipp J. , Eisele Yvonne S. , Jucker Mathias
Published: August 2020

Alpha-synucleinopathies are a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by intracellular deposits of aggregated α-synuclein (αS). The clinical heterogeneity of these diseases is thought to be attributed to conformers (or strains) of αS but the contribution of inclusions in various cell types is unclear. The aim of the present work was to study αS conformers among different transgenic (TG) mouse models of α-synucleinopathies. To this end, four different TG mouse models were studied (Prnp-h[A53T]αS; Thy1-h[A53T]αS; Thy1-h[A30P]αS; Thy1-mαS) that overexpress human or murine αS and differed in their age-of-symptom onset and subsequent disease progression. Postmortem analysis of end-stage brains revealed robust neuronal αS pathology as evidenced by accumulation of αS serine 129 (p-αS) phosphorylation in the brainstem of all four TG mouse lines. Overall appearance of the pathology was similar and only modest differences were observed among additionally affected brain regions. To study αS conformers in these mice, we used pentameric formyl thiophene acetic acid (pFTAA), a fluorescent dye with amyloid conformation-dependent spectral properties. Unexpectedly, besides the neuronal αS pathology, we also found abundant pFTAA-positive inclusions in microglia of all four TG mouse lines. These microglial inclusions were also positive for Thioflavin S and showed immunoreactivity with antibodies recognizing the N-terminus of αS, but were largely p-αS-negative. In all four lines, spectral pFTAA analysis revealed conformational differences between microglia and neuronal inclusions but not among the different mouse models. Concomitant with neuronal lesions, microglial inclusions were already present at presymptomatic stages and could also be induced by seeded αS aggregation. Although nature and significance of microglial inclusions for human α-synucleinopathies remain to be clarified, the previously overlooked abundance of microglial inclusions in TG mouse models of α-synucleinopathy bears importance for mechanistic and preclinical-translational studies.
Early steroid pulse therapy among children with influenza virus-associated encephalopathy
Authors: Hatachi Takeshi , Michihata Nobuaki , Takeuchi Muneyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: August 2020

Background

Influenza virus-associated encephalopathy (IAE) can lead to neurological sequela and mortality among children. Therefore, instant recognition and therapeutic intervention for IAE are crucial. In some clinical subtypes of IAE, steroid pulse therapy might be beneficial, especially when it is administered in the early phase. However, early identification of patients who may benefit from steroid pulse therapy is sometimes difficult. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early steroid pulse therapy among children with IAE.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we used a national database that covers half of the acute care inpatients across Japan to identify inpatients aged ≤ 18 years with a diagnosis of IAE between July 2010 and March 2017. Unfavorable outcome was defined as a composite outcome of sequela including Japan Coma Scale ≥ 10 at discharge, requiring tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation, enteral tube feeding, rehabilitation at discharge, or in-hospital death. Propensity score matching was performed to compare unfavorable outcome and in-hospital mortality between patients with and without steroid pulse therapy within 2 days of admission.

Results

Among 692 patients included in the study, the mean age was 5.8 years, and 55.8% were male. The overall in-hospital mortality was 1.3%, and the proportion of the unfavorable outcome was 15.0%. We observed no significant difference in the unfavorable outcome between matched patients (168 patients in each group) with and without early steroid pulse therapy (13.7% vs 8.3%;P = 0.16) or in-hospital mortality (0.6% vs 1.2%;P = 1.0).

Conclusions

We did not observe the effectiveness of early steroid pulse therapy on patient outcomes among children with IAE in our study population including all clinical subtypes of IAE. Further studies considering severity of illness are warranted to determine whether steroid pulse therapy is beneficial, especially for specific clinical subtypes of IAE.
Evaluation of tropospheric ozone reanalyses with independent ozonesonde observations in East Asia
Authors: Park Sunmin , Son Seok-Woo , Jung Myung-Il , Park Jinkyung , Park Sang Seo
Published: August 2020

The modern reanalysis datasets provide not only meteorological variables, but also atmospheric chemical compositions such as tropospheric ozone and aerosol concentration. However, the quality of chemical compositions has been rarely assessed especially over East Asia. To better understand the characteristics of reanalysis datasets on regional scale, the present study evaluates tropospheric ozone derived from seven reanalyses against five independent ozonesonde observations in East Asia. The reanalysis datasets are the ECMWF Reanalysis 5th (ERA5), Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate reanalysis (MACCRA), Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis (CAMSRA), as well as the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2), Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55), and updated Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis (TCR-2). It turns out that MACCRA, CAMSRA, and TCR-2, which incorporate chemical transport model, depict most reasonable spatio-temporal variability of tropospheric ozone in East Asia. The MACC exhibits a better quality with relatively small mean biases of 6.4 ± 1.3% in tropospheric column ozone than biases of 7.8 ± 2.7% and 7.8 ± 2.8% for CAMSRA and TCR-2. The CAMSRA further shows a significant monthly correlation with the observation of up to 0.7 at 850 hPa. Among the seven reanalyses, MACC, CAMSRA, and TCR-2 are suitable for local tropospheric ozone study on seasonal to inter-annual time scales. However, none of the seven reanalysis datasets reproduce the observed trend of tropospheric ozone. This result suggests that even the latest datasets are inadequate for the long-term ozone change study.
Typhoon-induced precipitation characterization over northern Japan: a case study for typhoons in 2016
Authors: Nayak Sridhara , Takemi Tetsuya
Published: August 2020

In August 2016, northern Japan was stuck by apparently unusual occurrence of the landfall of four typhoons and experienced record-breaking heavy precipitations. This study analyzed the extreme precipitations carried out by these four typhoons to understand their internal structure over northern Japan by computing the probability distributions of precipitation durations with their peak intensities exceeding a range of percentile thresholds starting from 70 to 99%. The main focus was on the duration and size of the extreme precipitations together with the precipitation structure over northern Japan during the passage of each of these four typhoons through different latitudinal locations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the long-lasting and widespread extreme precipitations carried by individual typhoon and such information are crucial for prevention of and protection from typhoon-related hazards over Japan. We find that the typhoons landfalled over Hokkaido region exhibit similar characteristics of precipitation duration, while the typhoon landfalled over Tohoku region shows relatively long-lived precipitation durations. However, all the four typhoons show a robust feature in the precipitation sizes over northern Japan. The occurrence of heavy precipitations with intensity higher than 20–30 mm h−1is more frequent and last 6 to 9 h over northern Japan. These features may explain the excessive precipitations caused by each typhoon. The important information contained in this study is the duration and size of the precipitations induced by the typhoons vary depending on the landfalling region. However, the precipitation characteristics associated with all the three typhoons landfalled over Hokkaido show mostly robust features. This study gives a first step towards a description of the spatio-temporal characteristics of typhoon-induced precipitations and has an overall implication towards the future research that is needed for the assessment of typhoon-induced precipitation-related disasters in future warming climate.
Reliable energy and responsive built environment: the missing links in COVID-19 response in resource-limited settings
Authors: Rinkoo Arvind Vashishta , Songara Dinesh , Sharma Arnika , Patnaik Biswa Ranjan , Singh Rajesh Ranjan , Srivastava Rakesh Kumar
Published: August 2020

Irrespective of how the COVID-19 pandemic evolves over time across the globe, our past experiences with comparable zoonotic diseases demonstrate the significance of having resilient primary healthcare systems to successfully respond to public health emergencies. However, literature corroborates that in low- and middle-income countries, the primary healthcare systems are plagued with significant energy insecurity and inadequate built environment. These gaps in reliable energy and responsive built environment in primary healthcare systems are exacerbated during disruptive public health emergencies such as COVID-19. In this letter, we discuss the way forward to address these gaps and the policy and practical implications thereof.
Nitric oxide unravels the enigmatic function of the paranasal sinuses: a review of literature
Authors: Bazak Remon , Elwany Samy , Mina Amir , Donia Mostafa
Published: August 2020

Background

The physiological functions of the paranasal sinuses are as yet unclear, and it is often assumed that these empty air-filled spaces have no vital function in our body. Recently, nitric oxide has been reported to be synthetized in high concentration by the paranasal sinuses which seems to be the main function of these air-filled empty spaces.

Body of abstract

The functional role of the paranasal sinuses is still ambiguous despite the several hypotheses that have been put forward to justify their existence. Although it has been recently demonstrated that the paranasal sinuses produce large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), otolaryngologists overwhelmed by attempting to unravel the enigmatic etiology underlying chronic rhinosinusitis have interpreted the high NO output in this context. Nevertheless, NO prime function is vasodilation and has long been recognized to be produced by the endothelial cells. In this review, evidence in the literature is piled and pieces of the puzzle are put together to show that NO synthesized in the paranasal sinuses functions as an airborne messenger that induces pulmonary vasodilation and thereby decreases the workload on the heart. Recognition that the paranasal sinuses are in fact an organ with known function is likely to foster further research and has an impact on our current surgical philosophy.

Conclusion

The paranasal sinuses seem to play a vital physiological role in our body rather than being evolutionary remnants as initially thought. They are likely responsible for regulating the pulmonary blood pressure thereby preventing pulmonary hypertension.
Calculation method and characteristic analysis of dispersion curves of Rayleigh channel waves in transversely isotropic media
Authors: Ji Guangzhong , Zhang Pingsong , Wu Rongxin , Guo Liquan , Hu Zean , Wu Haibo
Published: August 2020

Coal seams have beddings and fissures and are typically anisotropic media. Current channel wave theories are mainly based on isotropic media, and few studies exist on the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh channel waves in anisotropic models, such as transversely isotropic (TI) media. We chose the generalized reflection-transmission coefficient method to solve the dispersion curves of Rayleigh channel waves in TI media. However, it is difficult to solve the associated dispersion equations of Rayleigh channel waves using this method directly. Therefore, we have extended the generalized reflection-transmission coefficient method and determined the improved accuracy through numerical simulation. We analyzed the dispersion characteristics of Rayleigh channel waves of several typical coal seam models in TI media. The results showed that in the three-layer model, the difference in fundamental-mode dispersion curves between vertically transversely isotropic (VTI) media and isotropic media was relatively small; however, the differences in the higher order dispersion curves were slightly larger. The difference in the Airy phase velocity between horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) and isotropic media was relatively large. When the coefficient of variation in the qP waves ([Formula: see text]) was greater than 0, the fundamental-mode and first-order phase velocity curves of HTI media exhibited an evident intersection at the head end. In the dirt-band-containing coal seam model, within the 350 and 550 Hz band, the high-frequency velocity of fundamental-mode phase velocity curve of isotropy and HTI media was slightly higher than the low-frequency velocity, which is a notable phenomenon.
Prestack simultaneous inversion for delineation of the Lower Wilcox erosional remnant sandstone beneath the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: A case study
Authors: Zhang Tianze , Lin Yani , Liu Kelly H. , Gao Stephen S.
Published: August 2020

The Lower Wilcox lowstand sand deposits encased between two sequence boundaries along the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain are of good reservoir quality and usually gas productive. However, the sedimentation is sparsely scattered within such a depositional environment and it is hard to predict by qualitative interpretation methods. Simultaneous inversion of elastic parameters such as P-impedance, S-impedance, and density by the integration of prestack data and well logs allows us to quantitatively characterize the reservoirs and to distinguish them from the surrounding rocks. We have used prestack simultaneous inversion of the elastic parameters for delineation of the gas reservoir in an active field with limited log availabilities. For wells that are missing sonic and density logs, we estimate the parameters using the time-average equation (TAE) and Gardner’s equation, respectively. The shear wave velocity estimation methods are tested and compared using the measured log value. The estimation results are verified using well-log correlations in adjacent wells. Rock-physics analyses on wells are conducted to find the optimal elastic parameters for characterizing the gas-bearing sand. We successfully delineate the reservoir using the crossplot of VP/ VS versus S-impedance values. The inversion results are quality controlled by a producing well in the reservoir zone, and probability maps of each lithology are calculated by the probability density function. Our results from the Lower Wilcox Formation indicate that simultaneous inversion based on the estimated parameters using TAE is feasible, and the gas-bearing reservoirs can be recommended with high confidence.
Fracture identification in tight reservoirs by multiple kernel Fisher discriminant analysis using conventional logs
Authors: Dong Shaoqun , Zeng Lianbo , Liu Jianjun , Gao Ang , Lyu Wenya , Du Xiangyi , Yang Kaiyue , Bao Mingyang
Published: August 2020

Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (KFD) can map well-log data into a nonlinear feature space to make a linear nonseparable problem of fracture identification into a linear separable one. Commonly, KFD uses one kernel. However, the prediction capacity of KFD based on one kernel is limited to some extent, especially for a complex classification problem, such as fracture identification in tight sandstone reservoirs. To alleviate this problem, we have used a multiple kernel Fisher discriminant analysis (MKFD) method to recognize fracture zones. MKFD uses multiscaled Gaussian kernel functions instead of a single kernel to realize optimal nonlinear mapping. To assess the effectiveness of MKFD in fracture identification for complex reservoirs, we chose a data set from tight sandstone reservoirs in China to implement comparison experiments. In the experiments, we used the MKFD with 20 Gaussian kernels to map the original well logs into nonlinear feature spaces so that we could obtain appropriate features for fracture identification. The comparison results demonstrated that the accuracy of fracture identification by MKFD improved about 13.4% over KFD and that MKFD also outperformed KFD in the blind well test, although the improvement of the generalization ability of MKFD was not very obvious. Overall, MKFD can provide an accurate means for the identification of fracture zones in tight reservoirs. We also evaluate the problems for fracture identification by MKFD.
Cancer Disparities and Health Equity: A Policy Statement From the American Society of Clinical Oncology
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Lopez Ana Maria , Blackstock William , Reeder-Hayes Katherine , Moushey E. Allyn , Phillips Jonathan , Tap William
Published: August 2020

ASCO strives, through research, education, and promotion of the highest quality of patient care, to create a world where cancer is prevented and every survivor is healthy. In this pursuit, cancer health equity remains the guiding institutional principle that applies to all its activities across the cancer care continuum. In 2009, ASCO committed to addressing differences in cancer outcomes in its original policy statement on cancer disparities. Over the past decade, despite novel diagnostics and therapeutics, together with changes in the cancer care delivery system such as passage of the Affordable Care Act, cancer disparities persist. Our understanding of the populations experiencing disparate outcomes has likewise expanded to include the intersections of race/ethnicity, geography, sexual orientation and gender identity, sociodemographic factors, and others. This updated statement is intended to guide ASCO’s future activities and strategies to achieve its mission of conquering cancer for all populations. ASCO acknowledges that much work remains to be done, by all cancer stakeholders at the systems level, to overcome historical momentum and existing social structures responsible for disparate cancer outcomes. This updated statement affirms ASCO’s commitment to moving beyond descriptions of differences in cancer outcomes toward achievement of cancer health equity, with a focus on improving equitable access to care, improving clinical research, addressing structural barriers, and increasing awareness that results in measurable and timely action toward achieving cancer health equity for all.
In vivo three-dimensional mandibular kinematics and functional point trajectories during temporomandibular activities using 3d fluoroscopy
Authors: Chen Chien-Chih , Lin Cheng-Chung , Hsieh Hong-Po , Fu Yang-Chieh , Chen Yunn-Jy , Lu Tung-Wu
Published: August 2020

Objectives:

To measure in vivo three-dimensional kinematics of the mandible and associated end-point trajectories and to quantify their relationships during temporomandibular joint activities using 3D fluoroscopy.

Methods:

A novel fluoroscopy-based 3D measurement method was used to measure motions of the mandible and the associated end points (i.e. incisors and lateral poles of both condyles) during open close, lateral gliding and protrusion-retraction movements in healthy young individuals. The contributions of each of the rotational and translational components of the mandible to the end-point trajectories were quantified through experiment-based computer simulations.

Results:

The mandibular rotation was found to account for 91% of the maximal mouth-opening-capacity and 73% of the maximal lateral incisor movement, while the condylar translation contributed to 99% of the anterior protrusion distance. Incisor trajectories were nearly vertical within the first 60% of the maximal opening during the open-close movement.

Conclusions:

Similar condylar downward rotation paths but with bilaterally asymmetrical ranges were used to perform basic mandibular movements of different targeted TI trajectories in three dimensions, that is, open-close, lateral-gliding and protrusion-retraction. Mandibular rotations contributed to the majority of the principal displacement components of the incisor, that is, vertical during open-close and towards the working-side-during lateral-gliding, while mandibular translation contributed mainly to the forward movement of the incisor during protrusion-retraction. Owing to the anatomical constraints, the freedom of mandibular translation is limited and mainly in the anteroposterior direction, which is considered helpful for the control and stability of the TMJ during oral activities.
Um caminho para mudar a vida das empreendedoras
Authors: Fontes Ana , Costa Adriele
Published: August 2020

O Programa Ela Pode trabalha habilidades emocionais para que mulheres ganhem confiançapara criar e fazer perdurar seus negócios.
Sugestão para a reforma tributária
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: August 2020

Uma solução para melhorar a arrecadação e defender o meio ambiente é mudar o ITR, criando uma alíquota básica para todas as terras e estabelecendo progressividade pela localização.
Ecos de 2013
Authors: Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: August 2020

Políticos de diferentes partidos olharam apenas para o jogo eleitoral e acabaram contribuindo para a criminalização do debate político.
Inovação na educação: Desafios e oportunidades
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: August 2020

O Caderno Especial desta edição da GV-executivo apresenta artigos sobre inovação e tendências no ensino. Falar em ensino talvez esteja ultrapassado. Estamos lidando com novas formas de conhecer. Com o avanço tecnológico, é quase lugar-comum dizer que enfrentaremos, nas próximas décadas, formas de trabalho totalmente diferentes das atuais, no entanto ninguém consegue prever com exatidão quais serão esses novos formatos e quais competências serão necessárias. O conceito de aprender a aprender está, portanto, mais atual do que nunca. Em recente passagem pelo Brasil, o israelense Yuval Harari enfatizou que buscar autoconhecimento é essencial para que cada um explore suas potencialidades, em todas as idades, sem cristalizações.
Lições às universidades
Authors: Iizuka Edson Sadao
Published: August 2020

O crescimento das plataformas de cursos online, como Coursera, Udacity e Udemy, ensina que os alunos desejam diversidade e flexibilidade, características não oferecidas hoje pelo modelo de educação tradicional.
A construção de cidadãos que fazem
Authors: Zsigmond Fabio
Published: August 2020

A educação integral, a cultura maker e o empreendedorismo desenvolvem competências para viver em um mundo exponencial, complexo e incerto.
Parados e estressados: o custo (mental e financeiro) dos engarrafamentos
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: August 2020

Estudo mostra que, com o trânsito mais intenso no fim de tarde, a violência doméstica aumenta.
O que é inovação disruptiva
Authors: Silveira Vítor da Cunha
Published: August 2020

O uso inapropriado do termo “disrupção” pode levar a concepções errôneas e prescrições de gestão equivocadas.
Quando as pessoas viram marcas
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin
Published: August 2020

Uma análise do uso de personas para atrair seguidores e promover causas nas redes sociais.
Quando há políticos no conselho de administração
Authors: Gama Marina , Lana Jeferson
Published: August 2020

Conselheiros com background político são cada vez mais comuns no brasil e esse tipo de conexão deve ser protegido por uma governança forte.
Ciência é tudo
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana , Dos Santos Aline Lilian
Published: August 2020

Recém-empossado como diretor científico da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), uma das principais agências de fomento à pesquisa científica e tecnológica do país, Luiz Eugênio Mello tem um perfil diferente do de seus antecessores.Além de médico e pesquisador de primeira linha na Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Luiz tem passagem pela iniciativa privada. Foi diretor de tecnologia e inovação da Vale e responsável pela implantação do Instituto Tecnológico Vale. Mais recentemente, foi também diretor de pesquisa e desenvolvimento do Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), braço do maior grupo privado de hospitais do país, a Rede D’Or São Luiz. Ele acredita que essa experiência híbrida enriquece sua visão em relação às possibilidades que a ciência oferece e tem planos de marcar sua gestão unindo esses dois mundos, que, em sua opinião, compõem a base da riqueza das nações. A própria pandemia do coronavírus vem mostrando, segundo Luiz, como é importante aproximar pesquisadores e empresas para trazer avanços à sociedade.Nesta entrevista exclusiva à GV-executivo, o novo diretor da Fapesp também fala sobre o corte de recursos na área de pesquisa, as perspectivas do segmento no país e a importância da inovação nesse contexto. Por fim, Luiz dá algumas orientações a quem pretende seguir carreira no meio científico.
Soluções para os gargalos da agricultura
Authors: Goulart Daniel Franco , Pereira Luís Henrique
Published: August 2020

Estruturas inovadoras de financiamento de longo prazo surgem como saída para um dos principais desafios da cadeia produtiva de grãos no Brasil: o déficit de capacidade de armazenagem.
Covid-19 e a ressignificação da noção do público
Authors: Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: August 2020

Antes demonizado, o papel do estado agora é reconhecido e são as políticas púbicas que efetivamente nos dão respostas.
Pandemia: a propósito de um falso dilema
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: August 2020

Se as pessoas não forem salvas, a catástrofe na economia será inevitável.
Cartas da FGV
Authors: Leal Carlos Ivan Simonsen , Brito Luiz Artur Ledur
Published: August 2020

Em pouco tempo, conseguimos enfrentar os desafios que nos foram impostos por essa emergência internacional e continuar o trabalho focado no cumprimento de nossa missão, que é contribuir para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. Isso não seria possível sem os colaboradores, professores e alunos da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), que foram extremamente empenhados e resilientes diante das mudanças ocorridas nesse difícil período.Carlos Ivan Simonsen Leal Em consonância com a mobilização geral da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), a Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo (EAESP) conseguiu manter o funcionamento de todas as suas atividades, convertendo-as ao modo remoto de forma muito rápida, eficiente e com alta qualidade. Estamos orgulhosos de nossa reação diante do cenário atual, o que nos coloca nos melhores patamares internacionais de resposta a esse desafio global. Seguimos, contudo, atentos às adversidades e à necessidade de nos adaptarmos e nos reinventarmos constantemente. Luiz Artur Ledur Brito
Novos olhares para o agora e o amanhã
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: August 2020

Vivemos, incrédulos, essa pandemia que nos coloca fora de uma suposta inalterabilidade do nosso cotidiano.  Somos desafiados a olhar de outra forma para nossas casas, nosso trabalho, nosso entorno, nossos ecossistemas, nosso governo, nossas empresas, nossa sociedade e a refletir sobre nós mesmos e nosso mundo. É um momento em que a gestão sobressalta. Dependemos de como nos organizamos para combater a doença e suas consequências. Esta edição especial da GV-executivo trata de como gerenciar a crise e de como se preparar para o que virá depois, em suas várias facetas, no sistema de saúde, na economia, no combate ao desemprego e à desigualdade social, nas relações internacionais, na área pública, no meio ambiente, nos recursos humanos, em como trabalhar, na maneira de liderar, nas finanças, nas cadeias de suprimentos, no marketing, no varejo, nas ações de solidariedade.
Um problema para a gestão pública
Authors: Leal Carlos Ivan Simonsen
Published: August 2020

No combate à Covid-19, o administrador público tem como desafio seguir uma estratégia baseada em análises técnicas, mas incertas, para fundamentar difíceis escolhas políticas.
A disrupção no varejo além da crise
Authors: Guissoni Leandro Angotti , Ferraro Giuliana Marino , Schunck Josiane Garcelli
Published: August 2020

A Covid-19 não está remodelando o varejo, mas sim fazendo o futuro de negócios digitais concentrados em plataformas de marketplace acontecer mais rapidamente.
O rearranjo das cadeias globais de suprimentos
Authors: De Souza Miguel Priscila Laczynski , Paiva Ely Laureano
Published: August 2020

A pandemia exige medidas emergenciais combinadas com uma visão de médio e longo prazos que considere os riscos dos elos fornecedores, e não apenas os custos de insumos e produtos.
Que a solidariedade empresarial seja perene
Authors: Gama Marina , Lana Jeferson
Published: August 2020

Ações sociais e ambientais são de extrema importância para o país, e os stakeholders têm a expectativa crescente de que as empresas devem realizá-las.Ações sociais e ambientais são de extrema importância para o país, e os stakeholders têm a expectativa crescente de que as empresas devem realizá-las.
Anxiety among Doctors during COVID-19 Pandemic in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals
Authors: Hasan Syed Riazul , Hamid Zeeshan , Jawaid Muhammad Talha , Ali Rashida Kaizar
Published: August 2020

Objective: To assess the level of anxiety among doctors during COVID-19 pandemic and the associated risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 30th April to 16th May, 2020 in Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected via an online web-based questionnaire. Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety level using GAD-7 scale among health-care professionals and the risk factors playing role in it.

Results: One hundred and fifty-one doctors participated in our study. Out of these 151 participants, 69 (45.7%) had mild, 22 (14.6%) had moderate, and 5 (3.3%) had severe symptoms of anxiety, whereas the remaining 55 (36.4%) had no anxiety according to GAD-7 scale. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] GAD-7 scale scores are 6.0 [3.00-9.00]. Females showed more severe degrees of measurement of anxiety symptoms than males. Doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients showed higher level of anxiety as compared to the doctors who were not dealing with COVID-19 patients, having a significant difference (U = 9.697, p = 0.008). One hundred and forty-one (93.4%) participants were concerned about being exposed to COVID-19 at work and 112 (74.2 %) thought they have inadequate protective equipment for safety.

Conclusions: During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors exhibited different grades of anxiety. In order for healthcare workers to perform to the best of their capability, certain guidelines and interventions are needed.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3113

How to cite this:Hasan SR, Hamid Z, Jawaid MT, Ali RK. Anxiety among Doctors during COVID-19 Pandemic in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1360-1365. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.3113

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Views on social media and its linkage to longitudinal data from two generations of a UK cohort study
Authors: Di Cara Nina H. , Boyd Andy , Tanner Alastair R. , Al Baghal Tarek , Calderwood Lisa , Sloan Luke S. , Davis Oliver S. P. , Haworth Claire M. A.
Published: August 2020

Background: Cohort studies gather huge volumes of information about a range of phenotypes but new sources of information such as social media data are yet to be integrated. Participant’s long-term engagement with cohort studies, as well as the potential for their social media data to be linked to other longitudinal data, may give participants a unique perspective on the acceptability of this growing research area.

Methods: Two focus groups explored participant views towards the acceptability and best practice for the collection of social media data for research purposes. Participants were drawn from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort; individuals from the index cohort of young people (N=9) and from the parent generation (N=5) took part in two separate 90-minute focus groups. The discussions were audio recorded and subjected to qualitative analysis.

Results: Participants were generally supportive of the collection of social media data to facilitate health and social research. They felt that their trust in the cohort study would encourage them to do so. Concern was expressed about the collection of data from friends or connections who had not consented. In terms of best practice for collecting the data, participants generally preferred the use of anonymous data derived from social media to be shared with researchers.

Conclusion: Cohort studies have trusting relationships with their participants; for this relationship to extend to linking their social media data with longitudinal information, procedural safeguards are needed. Participants understand the goals and potential of research integrating social media data into cohort studies, but further research is required on the acquisition of their friend’s data. The views gathered from participants provide important guidance for future work seeking to integrate social media in cohort studies.
Non-native fold of the putative VPS39 zinc finger domain
Authors: Butt Benjamin G. , Scourfield Edward J. , Graham Stephen C.
Published: August 2020

Background: The multi-subunit homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) membrane-tethering complex is involved in regulating the fusion of late endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes in eukaryotes. The C-terminal regions of several HOPS components have been shown to be required for correct complex assembly, including the C-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) zinc finger domains of HOPS components VPS18 and VPS41. We sought to structurally characterise the putative C-terminal zinc finger domain of VPS39, which we hypothesised may be important for binding of VPS39 to cellular partners or to other HOPS components.

Methods: We recombinantly expressed, purified and solved the crystal structure of the proposed zinc-binding region of VPS39.

Results: In the structure, this region forms an anti-parallel β-hairpin that is incorporated into a homotetrameric eight-stranded β-barrel. However, the fold is stabilised by coordination of zinc ions by residues from the purification tag and an intramolecular disulphide bond between two predicted zinc ligands.

Conclusions: We solved the structure of the VPS39 C-terminal domain adopting a non-native fold. Our work highlights the risk of non-native folds when purifying small zinc-containing domains with hexahistidine tags. However, the non-native structure we observe may have implications for rational protein design.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O MERCADO DE COMBUSTÍVEIS NA AMÉRICA DO SUL E A ATUAÇÃO DA PETROBRAS
Authors: Cadena Alberto Silva
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral abordar a evolução recente do mercado de combustíveis na América do Sul, considerando a atuação da Petrobras. Especificamente, a atuação da estatal brasileira na comercialização de combustíveis no Uruguai e na Colômbia. Os Postos Petrobras foram implantados em ambos os países em meados da década de 2000, período a partir do qual definimos nosso recorte temporal para este artigo. O trabalho se deu à luz dos processos concomitantes de integração regional e transnacionalização da Petrobras. Para tal, realizou-se um levantamento e breve análise de informações a respeito do mercado de combustíveis na América do Sul e especialmente nos dois países citados, bem como sobre a distribuição territorial dos postos Petrobras, uruguaios e colombianos. Por fim, este estudo é parte de nossa tese de doutoramento em Geografia, que trata das redes urbanas no Uruguai e na Colômbia.
Editorial
Authors: Karol Eduardo , Wanderley Luiz Jardim
Published: August 2020

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Deprescribing in mental health care
Authors: Branford David , Parker Caroline
Published: August 2020

Deprescribing has mostly developed in older adult care as a strategy to reverse the potential harm to older adults of receiving too many inappropriate medicines. There are many studies in older adult care that show that by deprescribing medicines, prescribers are able to improve patient function, generate a higher quality of life, and reduce bothersome signs and symptoms. However, there have been few comparable studies in mental health. Overprescribing or inappropriate prescribing has also become an issue for mental health care. However, it commonly relates to psychotropic medicines and, in particular, to antidepressants, benzodiazepines, z hypnotics, antiepileptics, such as pregabalin, and to multiple psychotropic prescribing. In other areas of therapy associated with physical health, the concerns have generally been those of under prescribing. This paper discusses how relevant deprescribing is to mental health care and some of the issues to consider.
Quantifying spatial alignment and retardation of nematic liquid crystal films by Stokes polarimetry
Authors: Folwill Yannick , Zappe Hans
Published: August 2020

Recently developed alignment techniques for liquid crystals enable the
definition of arbitrary alignment patterns. We present a method to
determine these two-dimensional spatial alignment distributions as
well as the retardation of thin nematic liquid crystal films. The
method is based on quantifying the influence of the birefringence of
such a film on light with known input polarization by measuring the
Stokes parameters of light. We show that we are able to distinguish
arbitrary alignment patterns unambiguously. In addition, we
demonstrate the ability to evaluate the homogeneity of the alignment
as well as the thickness or birefringence of the film.
Luminescent patterns recorded by laser irradiation of a PMMA matrix with a soluble CdS precursor
Authors: Smirnov Anton A. , Elagin Vadim , Afanasiev Andrey , Pikulin Alexander , Bityurin Nikita
Published: August 2020

Direct laser writing of luminescent patterns within the material consisting of the polymer (PMMA) matrix with dissolved precursor (TEDBCd) molecules is demonstrated. The luminescence here is related to the UV induced growth of CdS nanoparticles. The irradiation was performed by the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 15 ns. The irradiated polymer films were kept at ambient temperatures of about 100 °C. At the maximum scanning speed, the luminescent signal is very low. A decrease in the scanning speed results in an increase in the luminescent signal and a shift of the luminescent spectrum towards longer wavelengths. However, at some speed, the increase in the luminescent signal is changed by its descent. This suggests the existence of an optimal laser exposure for the laser-induced luminescent pattering. This observation was confirmed when recording separate spots by a focused laser beam at different laser fluences. The luminescent hexagonal pattern consisting of micron-sized spots within the material bulk is obtained by means of irradiation of a single layer of closely packed ten-micron polystyrene spheres deposited on the material surface. The shape of these spots is discussed by comparing it with the calculated laser intensity space distribution within photonic jets.
Optical matter machines: angular momentum conversion by collective modes in optically bound nanoparticle arrays
Authors: Parker John , Peterson Curtis W. , Yifat Yuval , Rice Stuart A. , Yan Zijie , Gray Stephen K. , Scherer Norbert F.
Published: August 2020

The creation of optically
powered self-assembling nano-to-meso-scale machines that do work is a
long-standing goal in photonics. We demonstrate an optical matter (OM)
machine that converts the spin angular momentum (SAM) of light into
orbital angular momentum (OAM) to do mechanical work. The specific OM
machine we study is based on a sixfold symmetric hexagonally ordered
nanoparticle array that operates as an OM “gear” that is assembled and
made to rotate in a circularly polarized Gaussian beam. The rotational
symmetry of the OM gear leads to a selection rule for the allowed
scattering modes based on their angular momentum. Electrodynamics
calculations show that the collective scattering modes with the
largest angular momentum scatter strongly in the transverse direction.
Simulations and experiments show that the angular momentum that
accompanies the scattered light causes a “negative torque” response on
the OM gear and drives a “probe” particle placed outside the OM gear
around the gear in an asymmetric force field analogously to Brownian
ratchets. The gear–probe OM machine concept can be expanded to
applications in nanofluidics and particle sorting.
High-speed multi-layer coded adaptive LACO-OFDM and its experimental verification
Authors: Lacava Cosimo , Babar Zunaira , Zhang Xiaoyu , Demirtzioglou Iosif , Petropoulos Periklis , Hanzo Lajos
Published: August 2020

In this work, we review the proposition and development history of intensity modulation and direct detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM), as well as of its evolved versions, the layered asymmetrically clipped OOFDM (LACO-OFDM) scheme. We conceive and characterize the first experimental demonstration of a LACO-OFDM link relying on sophisticated adaptive bit-loading. The transmission scheme can be adopted for the development of low-cost high speed unrepeatered optical connections. Unrepeatered and uncompensated transmission tests over single mode fiber (0-20 km) are reported, achieving transmission rates up to 72 Gb/s. Moreover, we characterize both uncoded and channel coded waveforms, using a multi-class coding scheme, which has specifically been developed to benefit from the layered structure of LACO-OFDM.
Reflective practice in the newswork of Filipino journalists: A grounded theory study
Authors: Opiniano Jeremaiah , Daquipil Rikka Alyssa , Romarate Patricia Isabella
Published: August 2020

How journalists reflect on their work considering the factors that affect their newswork remains to be less analysed. This grounded theory research aimed to examine how 25 Filipino journalists employ reflective practice in their work. The research is anchored on Donald Schön’s reflective practice theory – of learning through and from experiencing, towards becoming a better professional. Based on respondents’ answers, researchers developed a model called the Infinity Reflective Cycle by Journalists in Newswork. This model describes the processes of introspection used by journalists – beginning with news gathering and ending with applying lessons learned in future news gathering and writing. The Infinity Reflective Cycle also deals with internal and external factors that affect journalists’ newswork, as well as cultural peculiarities contextualizing daily newswork. This study contributes to the growing research on reflective practice, particularly in the context of Philippine journalism.
Al Jazeera: Is it a voice for the voiceless?
Authors: Sadig Haydar Badawi , Petcu Catalina
Published: August 2020

Al Jazeera’s motto, ‘The opinion and the other opinion’, is the natural starting point for a review of its mission to widen the boundaries of public conversation in the Arab world and the world at large. All responsible mass media have a similar motto or goal: to represent and discover the many voices that comprise one’s community, to provide a place and context for the expression of opinion, and to lead in the granting of mutual respect. The world-regarded Social Responsibility Theory of the press holds this goal as its core. Any conversation about media mission and vision includes the metaphor: voice of the voiceless. What range of voices does Al Jazeera broadcast as duty, privilege, for purposes of peace? What voices would Al Jazeera never cover, and why? How does Al Jazeera keep itself accountable to the ‘mission of voice’ as it negotiates the challenging political, religious and developmental ecology of the Middle East? Finally, what can Al Jazeera teach other media companies and constituencies as it continues to grow and articulate its own mission? The importance of the voice is pertinent in the argument that recovering voice challenges the dominant neoliberal politics opposed to Al Jazeera’s contra flow.