bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scenario-Dependent ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation with Sensor Fusion
Authors:   University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, Wang Y. , Jao Ch.-Sh. ,   University of California, Irvine, CA, USA, Shkel A.M. ,   University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Published: April 2021

Pedestrian navigation has been of high interest in many fields, such as human health monitoring, personal indoor navigation, and localization systems for first responders. Due to the potentially complicated navigation environment, selfcontained types of navigation such as inertial navigation, which do not depend on external signals, are more desirable. Pure inertial navigation, however, suffers from sensor noise and drifts and therefore is not suitable for long-term pedestrian navigation by itself. Zero-velocity update (ZUPT) aiding technique has been developed to limit the navigation error growth, but adaptivity of algorithms, model fidelity, and system robustness have been major a concern if not properly addressed. In this paper, we attempt to establish a common approach to solve the problem of self-contained pedestrian navigation by identifying the critical parts of the algorithm that have a strong influence on the overall performance. We first review approaches to improve the navigation accuracy in each of the critical part of implementation proposed by other groups. Then, we report our results on analytical estimations and experiments illustrating effects of combining inertial sensor calibration, stance phase detection, adaptive model selection, and sensor fusion.
Prebiotic research protocol v1
Authors: Abdus Salam Mohammad
Published: April 2021

The dietary chitosan promotes growth, biochemical composition, hematological parameter and morphology of internal organs by improving gut microbiota status of juvenile Barbonymus gonionotus.
Philosophy. Philosophy of law. Legal science
Authors: Zakhartsev S.I. , Salnikov V.P.
Published: April 2021

The book is devoted to some actual problems of philosophy and philosophy of law. It discusses the problem of monism-pluralism in philosophy and philosophy of law, criticizes philosophy of postpositivism and postmodernism, and invites to return to dialectic as a universal global methodological basis of scientific cognition. On the basis of dialectics in the book deals with law. It explores the subject of philosophy of law, ontology and epistemology of law, methodology and content of law, legal consciousness and its deformation, problems of legal science and their solutions, legal progress and etc. It substantiates the theory of comprehending study of law. It proposes new ideas and suggestions. Monograph is addressed to researches in the field of philosophy and philosophy of law, lawyers, teachers, postgraduates, students, and also to everyone who are interested in problems of philosophy and law.
Возможности 3D-технологий в создании виртуальных реконструкций объектов историко-культурного наследия (на примере виртуальной трехмерной реконструкции интерьера столовой в доме П.С. Строганова)
Authors:   Университет ИТМО, Жиркова Г.П. , Мартынова Д.О. , Смолин А.А.
Published: April 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена описанию и анализу результатов междисциплинарного проекта, разработанного и реализованного Центром социальных и гуманитарных знаний и Центром юзабилити и смешанной реальности Университета ИТМО. Этот проект направлен на сохранение, частичную музеефикацию и подготовку к научной реставрации особняка П.С. Строганова. В рамках исследования был проведен тест создания трехмерного объекта средствами фотограмметрии в программе Agisoft Metashape, а также тестовый экспорт и рендер в 3Ds Max. При подготовке к построению сцены все уникальные элементы интерьера были отсняты на фотокамеру Nikon D3200. Для визуализации сцены использовался редактор Unity, программное обеспечение которого подходит для настройки освещения с цветофильтрами. Опираясь на полученные визуальные материалы и проведенные исследования, авторы показывают значение цифровых технологий для реконструкции памятников историко-культурного наследия, демонстрируя дальнейшие возможности для их использования. Авторы приходят к выводу, что репрезентация этих объектов в цифровом поле может стать драйвером диалога между прошлым и современным, что приведет к поиску новых механизмов взаимодействия в городском пространстве.
Features of the Organization and Interaction of Functional Network Components in Distributed Control Systems
Authors:   State University Dubna, Branch Protvino, Moscow Region, Protvino, Кокоvin V. А. , Evsikov А. А. ,   State University Dubna, Branch Protvino, Moscow Region, Protvino, Leonov А. P. ,   State University Dubna, Branch Protvino, Moscow Region, Protvino
Published: April 2021

Solving the problem of FNC interaction within a distributed control system requires an analysis of the nature of technological processes, analysis of the dependence of FNC algorithms on data or control, etc. This analysis makes it possible to identify the features of the FNC organization from the point of view of control and communication requirements for solving the task. The article analyzes the development trends of industrial network ecosystems, software and hardware tools for the implementation of network associations participants. In particular, the considered capabilities of the software platform based on the IEC 61499 standard for the development of FNC control programs meet the requirements for network components. Possible non-determinism of interaction (as noted in [9]) is proposed to be compensated by using FPGAs as part of FNC controllers when creating additional fast communication links for the implementation of deterministic network applications. The proposed additional FPGA-based computing platform together with the ARM controller forms a hybrid computer as part of the FNC, which allows you to control fast technological processes. A multi-level configuration of an industrial network with the unification of individual FNCs into clusters is proposed and substantiated. This configuration allows you to flexibly combine the boot and communication tasks of FNC, if necessary, performing the exchange of information between clusters. The developed model in the AnyLogic 8.6 software package showed the effectiveness of the proposed configuration. The results of the experiments led to the conclusion that an increase in the intensity of messages has a greater effect on work efficiency than an increase in the number of FNCs. The development of this topic is expected in the following areas: improving the characteristics of FNC in terms of computing and communication capabilities. Development of an algorithm for optimizing the message transmission path between clusters, with an analysis of the waiting time of busy DS-links.
Nevesta Pivljanina Baje — primjer nacionalno angažiranog slikarstva Đure Jakšića
Authors: Mišić Snežana
Published: April 2021

U radu se analizira slika Nevesta Pivljanina Baje kao primjer nacionalno angažiranog stvaralaštva Đure Jakšića i verbalno-vizualnog prožimanja. Slika i njezina funkcija tumače se u kontekstu aktualne političke realnosti ‒ nacionalne borbe za oslobođenje od Otomanske vlasti, ukazujući na utjecaje i ikonografske predloške suvremenog europskog historijskog slikarstva, prije svega slikarstva Eugènea Delacroixa.
Dynamic electroneurostimulation in the prevention of broncho-pulmonary complications with children of the first year of life suffering from congenital heart diseases in the early post-operating period
Authors: Pnjoyan Artavazd A. , Borzunova Yuliya M. , Fedorov Andrey A. , Negodaeva Elena V.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the use of dynamic electronic neurostimulation as a means of preventing broncho-pulmonary complications with children of the first year of life with congenital heart disease in the early postoperative period.

Material and methods. There have been observed 82 children operated on congenital heart disease at an average age of 7.6 2.0 months old. By simple randomization, the patients were divided into two groups. Children who received the dynamic electronic neurostimulation procedure from the first day against the background of basic drug therapy were in the 1st group (40 people). The 2nd group (42 people) included patients who were treated only with basic medication.

Results. The result analysis of the study showed a statistically significant effect in the use of dynamic electronic neurostimulation compared to the control group. By evaluating the length of the patients stay in hospital after the operative treatment, significant differences have also been obtained. Thus, the patients in the control group stayed in the unit for an average of 14.6 0.3 days, while the patients in the group where dynamic electronic neurostimulation was used in combination with basic therapy had a hospitalization period of 13.4 0.4 days (p 0.05). The use of DENS allowed to reduce the frequency of complications associated with the bronchopulmonary system starting from 34 days of the postoperative period. Thus, in the control group, 5 (11%) children showed pneumonia, 13 (30%) showed atelectasis or dystelectasis, 23 (55%) showed tracheobronchitis, while in the main group 2 (5%), 6 (15%) and 11 (27.5%) children, respectively.

Conclusion. The obtained results of the work show the expediency of including dynamic electronic neurostimulation in the complex of medical and rehabilitation measures in early post-operative period with infants suffering from congenital heart disease.
Complex spa treatment of patients after removal of the gallbladder (medical technology)*
Authors: Efimenko Natalia V. , Kaysinova Agnessa S. , Merkulova Galina A.
Published: April 2021

Medical technology consists in the complex application of natural (drinking mineral water and mineral baths) and preformed (magnetotherapy to the liver and right hypochondrium) physical factors in the rehabilitation treatment of patients in the early stages after removal of the gallbladder. The technology improves the efficiency of treatment by correcting impaired digestion and energy metabolism in patients with a removed gallbladder in the new anatomical and physiological conditions that have developed after the operation. The technology is intended for physicians of restorative medicine, gastroenterologists, balneologists and physiotherapists of health resorts and other medical institutions.
The use of general magnetic therapy in the early postoperative period in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Evstigneeva Inna S.
Published: April 2021

We conducted an objective and instrumental examination in 64 patients who underwent radical surgical treatment of breast cancer (breast cancer) at an early stage (24 days) after surgery. Patients were divided into 2 groups by simple randomization: the 1st group of patients received a course of general magnetic therapy, the 2nd group received a placebo procedure. Patients who received general magnetic therapy showed improvement in quality of life, reducing the intensity, duration, frequency and radiation of pain; decrease in the circumference of the upper limb from the surgical treatment; a decrease in the manifestations of the syndrome of inflammation, improve microcirculation from the surgical treatment, and also on reducing venous stasis and muscular-tonic syndrome of shoulder region. Thus, the use of general magnetic therapy is advisable to use in the early stages (24 days) after surgical treatment for breast cancer.
Currents uppertoned frequency of a professional and personal physiotherapy
Authors: Maksimov Alexander V. , Kiryanova Vera V. , Chaban Antonina A.
Published: April 2021

The mechanisms of physiological and therapeutic action of ultrathon therapy, features of the effect of currents of supertonal frequency on the main functional and regulatory systems of the human body, therapeutic methods, indications and contraindications for therapeutic use, the basics of physics and biophysics of medium-frequency electrical action are considered. Modern devices for ultrathon therapy, techniques and methods of medical procedures are presented.
Magnetotherapy and intermittent pneumocompression as a metod of rehabilitation of patient with brest cancer in different periods after radical mastectomy
Authors: Evstigneeva Inna S. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Perfileva Oksana M.
Published: April 2021

Objective to develop and compare the effectiveness of General magnetic therapy and intermittent pneumocompression in combination with physical therapy and balance therapy, classes with a medical psychologist in patients on day 24 and 1.52 months after surgical treatment for breast cancer (breast cancer).
Material and methods. 117 patients aged 25 to 70 years were examined and treated after surgical treatment for breast cancer. All patients underwent intermittent pneumocompression at different times after surgery (24 days and 1.52 months after surgery), followed by General magnetic therapy without interruption.
Results. It was found that this combination of methods of physical rehabilitation helped to reduce pain and postoperative edema, increase the volume of movements in the shoulder joint, prevent the development of severe lymphostasis and improve the quality of life.
Сonclusion. The contribution of General magnetic therapy to the complex of rehabilitation measures is primarily to increase the number of lymphatic collaterals, increase tissue oxygenation and anti-inflammatory effect. Intermittent pneumocompression contribute to the increase in the number of lymphatic collaterals, stimulates lymph flow.
Efficacy of complex medical rehabilitation of employees of special squads with the autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Godilo-Godlevsky Victor A. , Ganishev Andrey V. , Voropaev Alexei А.
Published: April 2021

Relevance. Vegetative dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system are an actual pathology among the employees of the special agent, while vegetative disorders are not severe. In diagnostics, simple physical methods for estimating are effective, the results of which correlate with the data of instrumental survey. Aticle is devoted to the question of comparing the effectiveness of various schemes of medical rehabilitation of employees of the special agent having manifestations of autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system at the stationary stage. The methods of traditional rehabilitation with the use of physical methods and methods, including complex effects of physical, psychotherapeutic and medicinal methods were compared. It is shown that the complex rehabilitation of the special component. In provides the best performance recovery in the short term and ensures the preservation of good indicators of tolerability of professional factors in the long term.

Purpose. Study the effectiveness of various schemes of medical rehabilitation of employees of the special agent having manifestations of autonomic dysfunction of the cardiovascular system

Material and methods. Study was conducted in a group of 60 employees who underwent medical rehabilitation and examination of temporary disability at the centers for medical rehabilitation of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia after performing special tasks in 20122013.

Results. It is shown that complex rehabilitation of a special component C in C provides the best indicators of recovery of working capacity at the short-term stage and ensures the preservation of good indicators of tolerability of professional factors in the long-term period.

Conclusions. The results obtained show significant advantages of conducting comprehensive medical rehabilitation of employees after performing special tasks, both immediately after their implementation, and in achieving stable remission in the long term, ensuring the retention of qualified and experienced employees and prolonging professional longevity.
Evaluation of skin ultrasound diagnostics criteria as a prognostic factor for prevention of adverse events after monopolar radio wave exposure
Authors: Aksenenko Irina P. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu.
Published: April 2021

The study presents data from ultrasound examination of patients skin in dynamics before and after exposure to the monopolar radio frequency method.
There were 41 patients aged 38 to 45 years under observation, who were divided into 2 groups: with deformed and fine-wrinkled skin types. In all groups, a single exposure was performed using the monopolar radio frequency method on the Thermage device according to the approved Protocol of operation in the face area of 1200 pulses. Objective research methods included ultrasound diagnostics before treatment, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. It also determined the Dermatological Quality of Life Index. The results were evaluated 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The obtained data of ultrasound examination of the skin showed that the best changes in the dermis high-frequency radio wave method gave a more pronounced initial thickness of the dermis and was more effective in the deformation type of skin aging compared to fine wrinkles.
Mineral bischofite complexes in medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis
Authors: Kaisinova Agnessa S. , Zelenski Ilya V. , Efimenko Natalia V. , Chalaya Elena N.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research is to improve the efficiency of restorative treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis based on the inclusion in therapeutic schemes of innovative mineral bishophytic complexes ― gel "Bishophytic" and rinser "Polymineral."
Materials and methods. The study involved 116 patients at the age of 35 to 73 years old suffering from periodontal pathology (mild and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis). They were distributed by simple randomization into 3 groups: the main group included 43 people who received standard treatment in accordance with Russian clinical recommendations for the treatment of periodontitis, 45 minutes later the patients were prescribed some applications with 10% dental gel "Bishophytic" on the gum, in addition, the patients were recommended to use a rinser "Polymineral" for 6 months; the group of comparison included39 people who received standard treatment and gum applications with 10% "Bishophytic" dental gel; the control group) included 38 people who received only standard treatment.
Results. Inclusion of mineral bishophytic complexes in treatment programs of patients with CGP contributes to significant reduction of inflammatory activity of periodontal tissues: 61.3% (p 0.01) had the improvement of hygienic and plaque indices in comparison with initial data; 54.6% (р 0,01) had the improvement after additional use of only gum applications with "Bishophytic" gel; the improvement was 52.2% (р 0.01) after basic drug therapy. Thus, the improvement of enzymatic processes was by 30.0% (p 0.01), 26.9% (p 0.01) and 7.8%; reduction of cytokine activity by 62.8% (p0.01), 61.1% (p 0.01) and 40%; the improvement of dental health by 84.0% (p 0.01), 80.7% (p 0.01) and 74.5% (p 0.01) at рkg-ог 0,05 and рkg-ог0,01.
Conclusion. Inclusion of innovative mineral bishophytic complexes (gel "Bishophytic" and rinser "Polymineral") in treatment programs of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis contributes to optimization of therapeutic measures: clinical effectiveness in the main group was 93.0%; after usage of dental gel "Bishophytic" (group of comparison) it was 89.7% and after basic therapy (control group) 81.6%.
The rationale for the inclusion of a pulsed low-frequency electrostatic massage in the complex treatment and rehabilitation programmes
Authors: Korchazhkina Natalya B. , Mikhailova Anna A. , Kolgaeva Dagmara I. , Kovalev Sergey A. , Rzhevsky Valentin S.
Published: April 2021

The article presents research data on the peculiarities of using low-frequency electrostatic massage in medical and rehabilitation programs for various socially significant diseases.
Resort factors and system magnetic therapy at ischemic heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Demchenko Andrey P. , Efimenko Natalia V. , Chalaya Elena N. , Akhubekova Nelli K. , Dzhioeva Alla S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research is to develop a new method of medical rehabilitation of patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the conditions of Essentuki resort.
Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients between the ages of 35 and 65 years old suffering from IHD associated with DM2 who took a course of sanatorium rehabilitation in sanatorium "Metallurg" (Essentuki). By simple randomization 2 groups of patients were formed. In the comparison group there were 40 people. They were prescribed: internal intake of mineral water Essentuki-Novaya, carbon dioxide mineral baths; in the main group there were 42 people. They were prescribed systemic magnetic therapy in addition. All the patients went through clinical-laboratory and functional studies, assessment of quality of life.
Results. Under the influence of system magnetic therapy there is a significant positive dynamics of coagulation hemostasis which is accompanied by the improvement of lipid metabolism, central hemodynamics and quality of life of this category of patients.
Conclusion. The significant positive dynamics of coagulation hemostasis, central hemodynamics and quality of life indicates the expediency of including system magnetic therapy in the complex of resort treatment of IHD complicated by DM2.
The method of phoresis in the prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation: theoretical and practical aspects of application
Authors: Ikonnikova Eugeniya V. , Avgumyan Maria A.
Published: April 2021

Physiotherapy methods of treatment are widely used in modern cosmetology. High tolerance and safety, combined with the absence of skin injuries, make it possible to include this method in the combined protocols for the prevention and treatment of age-related skin changes and aesthetic deficiencies, including hyperpigmentation. The review provides a detailed description of the milling method, as well as its mechanism of action and application features. This article is of interest to practicing dermatologists, cosmetologists and physiotherapists.
Methods of physiotherapy in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Skotnikova Yu. V. , Arkhangel’skaya A. N. , Gurevich K. G. , Pustovalov D. A. , Ivkina M. V.
Published: April 2021

Currently, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents of the world population. Overweight and obesity are a global epidemic of humanity. In economically developed countries, including Russia, on average, every third inhabitant has a weight that exceeds the maximum allowed. Russia ranks 15th in the world in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Obesity is now considered as a chronic, relapsing disease associated with the development of a number of diseases that reduce life expectancy and reduce its quality. An important factor in demonstrating the urgency of the problem of child and adolescent obesity is its prognostically adverse effect on obesity in adulthood. The lack of targeted detection of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Russia accounts for its late diagnosis specialists. Complications of obesity affect the cardio vascular, reproductive, respiratory, nervous system, digestive organs, musculoskeletal system. In connection with the rise of obesity than the early detection of issues and preventive measures to prevent its further progression. Obesity in the early diagnosis and early treatment is a reversible condition. Important role in the treatment of obesity play a non-drug methods - diet, exercise stress, a variety of physical therapy, taking into account individual tolerance and comorbidity. Physiotherapy treatments have not only symptomatic but also the pathogenic effects, eliminating the primary metabolic and neuroendocrine disorders.
Application of the heated oxygen-helium mixture in rehabilitation of military servicers with arterial hypertension at the ambulatory-polycinic stage
Authors: Bobkina N. V.
Published: April 2021

Background. The professional activity of military personnel is characterized by complexity, high requirements for the state of physical and mental health, therefore, maintaining health and professional longevity is a priority task for the law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation.
Aims. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of heated oxygen-helium mixture (OHM) in the rehabilitation of military personnel with arterial hypertension at the outpatient stage.
Methods. The study included 68 people aged 32 to 56 (43,7 4,1) years. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 33) practically healthy volunteers, Group II (n = 35) patients with a verified diagnosis: arterial hypertension of I and II degrees, low and medium risk, the duration of the disease ranged from 1,5 to 18 (6.3 1.3) years. All patients included in the study underwent a course of inhalation of a heated OHM (the temperature of the mixture in the mask was 50С). Breathing was carried out in a cyclic-fractionated mode: breathing with a mixture 5 minutes, then breathing with atmospheric air 5 minutes (one cycle), 3 cycles per procedure. The course of treatment consisted of 1 procedure per day for 10 days from the first day of the study. The clinical efficacy of restorative treatment was assessed in three stages before the start of therapy, after the 5th and 10th procedures according to the following indicators: assessment of vegetative status using indicators of heart rate variability; express diagnostics of the psychoemotional state using the SAN questionnaire (well-being, activity, mood); assessment of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity using Martine's test with 20 squats.
Results. In the second group, positive dynamics was noted in the form of normalization of the autonomic status, an increase in the activity of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (an increase in SDNN, RMSSD indicators to 55 [4868] and 40 [3851 msec, respectively), a decrease in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system (normalization of the coefficient vagosympathetic balance LF/HF up to 1.1 [0.741.5]). The indicators of the SAN questionnaire have increased, which indicates an improvement in the psychoemotional state of servicemen. Patients with arterial hypertension, had positive dynamics in the rate of adaptive processes of restoration of the cardiovascular system after exercise (recovery time is 3.0 0.5 after the course).
Conclusions. The use of a course of inhalations of a heated oxygen-helium mixture in the rehabilitation of servicemen with arterial hypertension has demonstrated its effectiveness in normalizing the psychoemotional state and vegetative status. In order to prevent the progression of arterial hypertension, this method can be included in rehabilitation programs at the outpatient and polyclinic stage.
Experience in using low-temperature plasma after surgical treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Gerasimenko M. Yu. , Evstigneeva I. S. , Salchak Ch. T. , Zaitseva T. N. , Lutoshkina M. G.
Published: April 2021

Background.Plasma medicine is a new direction in science at the intersection of plasma physics and chemistry with biology and medicine low-temperature plasma (LTP) has a number of fundamental advantages, which include high non-specific bactericidal activity, low probability of the appearance of stable forms, the absence of ionizing radiation and highly toxic substances. In addition, LTP stimulates healing of infected wounds at the early stages of exposure, which makes LTP a promising method of treating various pathological conditions.
Clinical case description.Low-temperature argon plasma treatment was performed for a patient with a diagnosis of: cancer of the right breast cancer T2N1M0, IIB stage. Condition after non-adjuvant PCT and radical resection of the right breast. Complication: Abscess in the area of the postoperative scar. After the 3rd treatment with plasma flow, the wound was sutured and while continuing treatment with low-temperature argon plasma, the patient began radiation therapy of the right breast and regional lymph flow zones in the mode of classical dose fractionation. During the follow-up period, the patient showed positive dynamics in the area of the postoperative scar, which did not lead to a long period of rehabilitation in the postoperative period and radiation therapy was started in a timely manner.
Conclusion.Thus, the use of this technique in clinical practice has proven that the period of rehabilitation in the postoperative period is shortened for continuous comprehensive treatment of severe cancer patients with breast cancer.
Role of opportunistic infections in the formation of complex comorbidity
Authors: Shkarin Vyacheslav V. , Saperkin Nikolai V. , Kovalishena Olga V.
Published: April 2021

This review presents critical insights into the clinical and epidemiological aspects of participation of various causative agents of opportunistic infections in the formation of complex comorbidity in humans. Clinical and epidemiological aspects are important components of complex comorbidity due to wide occurrence, causing negative impact on human health and population reproduction. The data on the relative incidence of mono- and concurrent-infections are heterogeneous. The causative agents of opportunistic infections can persist in the human body, cause latent endogenous infections, and engage in intracellular parasitism. A high level of circulation of opportunistic infections pathogens creates the conditions for atypical forms of multisystemic pathology. Broad clinical polymorphism and low specificity cause untimely diagnosis. Low tension of anti-infection immunity is associated with the low protective activity of pathogens and mosaicism of antigens. Examples of complex comorbidity with the involvement of herpes viruses can be a combination of EpsteinBarr virus and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, cytomegalovirus and infectious mononucleosis and a combination with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b. The combination of cytomegalovirus infection can occur with either one infectious disease or multiple ones (for example, metapneumovirus infection, S. pneumoniae, Bordetella pertussis, and H. influenzae). Mycoplasmosis can have a course of specific polyetiological infections in combination with viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. The authors also paid attention to the manifestation forms of pneumocystosis in the impairment of the immune status of the body (combination with toxoplasmosis, blastocystosis, etc.). The possibility of association of blastocysts with Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Lamblia intestinalis has been shown, and the roles of anisacidosis and chlamydial infection in the formation of complex comorbidity are also discussed. Complex comorbidity requires increased attention to diagnosis, assessment of epidemiological determinants, and the organization of epidemiological studies for its analysis.
Features of papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected women
Authors: Sverdlova E. S , Dianova T. V
Published: April 2021

As participation of immune system in the protection of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proven, the incidence of HPV infection leading to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among HIV-positive women is 4 times higher than in HIV-negative cases. In the presence of HIV HPV implements oncoprogram during 6-12 months. Сytokine imbalance makes a significant contribution to the progression of HIV in combination with HPV. The criteria of selection of patients with HIV for therapy cytokines in CIN 2-3 (Roncoleukin used in the author's scheme). Using Ronkoleukin in combination with HAART in HIV-positive women can delay the progression of CIN 2-3 in cervical cancer. The criteria of selection of HIV female patients for the therapy with cytokines at the 2-3 stage of CIN ( Roncoleukin was used in the author's scheme) have been detected. Application Roncoleukin in combination with HAART in HIV-positive women can delay the progression of cervical cancer at the CIN 2-3 stage.
Investigation of erythrocyte membrane lipid profile and phospholipids peroxidation process in liver echinococcosis
Authors: Ovsepyan L. M , Zanginyan A. V , Kazaryan G. S
Published: April 2021

A study on the phospholipid content and the process of peroxidation of phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes of patients with liver ehinokkom patients before surgery and after surgery for 3—10 days. Found to change in the qualitative and quantitative content of phospholipids and activation of free radical processes in patients with hepatic echinococcosis before operation. After surgery, the 10 day trend towards normalization of the studied processes.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF ENTEROVIRAL MENINGITIS IN CHILDREN UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS, (ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF YAROSLAVL REGION)
Authors: Eshmolov S. N. , Sitnikov I. G. , Melnikov I. M.
Published: April 2021

152 cases of enteroviral meningitis in children aged 3 to 17years treated at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Yaroslavl have been analyzed. The dominance of moderate forms of the disease with hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome has been established. The combination with other clinical forms of enteroviral infection was rare, except for reactive pancreatitis. In patients with aseptic meningitis in the acute phase of illness an imbalance of cytokine profile due to increasing the production ofproinflammatory and reduction of the protective role of anti-inflammatory cytokines took place. Despite the relatively favorable course, a high risk of developing functional and organic disorders of the nervous system in a period of convalescence maintained, which creates conditions for the revision and supplement the standard protocols of treatment programs by including in them medicines of etiotropic targeting. The authors have developed regimens and performed the analysis of clinical and immunological efficacy of drugs with antiviral and interferonogenic action - arbidol and amiksin - in the content of complex basic therapy. In addition, the results of outpatient monitoring ofconvalescents 3 months after discharge from hospital have been analyzed. These data justify the need and desirability of inclusion of etiotropic drugs in standards of the basic therapy of enteroviral meningitis in children.
THE COURSE OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN AND PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY.
Authors: Kovtun T. D. , Tutelyan A. V. , Shabalina S. V
Published: April 2021

In a review article current data on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical picture of pneumonia in children are presented. The issues of the modern antibiotic and symptomatic therapy have been considered, and the features of immunological correction of this infectious disease in childhood also have been highlighted.
Professor G. F. Vogralik — prominent national infectiologist and epidemiologist (on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Knopov M. Sh , Taranukha V. K
Published: April 2021

The article presents the life and creative work way of a prominent infectiologist and epidemiologist, a talented organizer of medical science, the remarkable teacher, Doctor of medical sciences, Professor Gabriel Frantsevich Vogralik.
NONINVASIVE ULTRASOUND EVALUATION OF THE PARENCHYMA OF THE PARENCHYMA OF LIVER AND SPLEEN IN CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: Dvoryakovskaya G. M. , Ivleva S. A. , Darmanyan A. S. , Dvoryakovskiy I. V.
Published: April 2021

The data of the examination of 73 children aged 1 to 18 years with mononucleosis of Epstein-Barr virus etiology are presented. The use of non-invasive quantitative assessment methodology of the parenchyma (Acoustic Structure Quantification) was shown to allow objectify the examination and to found that infectious mononucleosis in 1st Group patients with a minimum degree of diffuse changes of the liver proceeded without structural changes in the liver parenchyma. In the 2nd group patients the estimation of density index according to Acoustic Structure Quantification allowed to reveal the signs of cholestasis. The heterogeneity of the structure of the liver and the elevation of the parenchymal density index indicated on signs of acute hepatitis and was confirmed by the increase in ALT level in blood serum. Despite the pronounced splenomegaly no structural changes in the spleen were found in any patients.
Psychological predictors of anxiogenic stress and their interrelationship with progression of viral hepatitides
Authors: Nikulina M. A. , Nikonorov A. A. , Lychev V. G. , Granitov V. M. , Nemilostiva E. A.
Published: April 2021

Personality traits of patients with pathology of hepatobiliary system (acute and chronic viral hepatitides, liver cirrhosis), their interrelationship with psychoemotional status (the state of personal and situational anxiety), formation of anxiogenic stress and the state of biomembranes have been studied. A conjugacy of a set of personality traits of patients with viral hepatitidis with increasing of personal and situational anxiety and formation of stress-induced disorder of the structural and functional state of biomembranes has been shown, that may be the base of the negative progression of viral hepatitides with forming cirrhosis of the liver. There is made a conclusion about worthwhileness of supplement the standard for diagnosis and treatment of patients suffered from viral hepatitides with psychometric methods, psychocorrective measures and preparations with antioxidant and membrane protection action.
REGIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HUMAN CESTODIASIS IN THE KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC
Authors: Sarbasheva M. M. , Bittirova A. A. , Atabieva Zh. A. , Bittirov A. M. , Bittirov An. M.
Published: April 2021

In the Kabardino-Balkar Republic the human helminth fauna of the class Cestoda includes 5 species ( Echinococcus granulosus Batsch, 1786; Taeniarhynchus saginatus Goeze, 1782; Taenia solium L., 1758; Dipylidium caninum L., 1758; Hymenolepis nana Siebold, 1852). In the plains and foothill areas of the region in humans all five species of cestodes, in the mountainous area - 2 species ( Echinococcus granulosus, Taeniarhynchus saginatus) have been identified. During 7 years in total 641 children and 1696 adults ( 2337 cases) were infested with echinococcos, taeniarhynchosis, taeniasis, dipylidiosis, hymenolepiasis. Total incidence of cestodiasis per 100,000 population is 0.00075% in children, 0.00200% - in adults (in total - 0.00275%)
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS
Authors: Kochubeeva E. N. , Lipnitskiy A. V. , Grishina M. A.
Published: April 2021

Coccidioidomycosis - a respiratory disease caused by a dimorphic fungi of the genus Coccidioides. It is endemic mycosis, and therefore for accurate and timely diagnosis it is necessary to collect epidemiological history with taking into account the patient's stay in endemic districts. Causative agents of coccidioidomycosis in saprobe phase grow and multiply in soils of United States, as well as of some regions of Central and South America. In addition, imported cases of coccidioidomycosis were diagnosed in many countries over the world.
CHARACTERISTIC OF PNEUMOCOCCAL POST-VACCINATION IMMUNITY IN HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS THROUGH 2 YEARS AFTER IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Nikolenko V. V. , Feldblyum I. V. , Vorobiova N. N. , Zernina M. G , VIvanova M. Viktorovna , Semerikov V. V , Golodnova S. O
Published: April 2021

At present, the problem of vaccination of HIV-infected patients from pneumococcal disease is still poorly studied. There is no consensus on the effectiveness of immunization, the appropriateness and timing of revaccination. The aim of the study was to examine the duration and power of post-vaccination pneumococcal immunity in HIV-infected adult patients. A prospective comparative randomized study was performed, 100 HIV-infected patients were vaccinated with a polysaccharide 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Comparison group was consisted of 100 cases, not vaccinated against pneumococcal infection. For detection of the power of immunity through 2 years blood serum level of IgG antibodies to a mixture ofpolysaccharides (SP) S. pneumoniae incorporated in the vaccine were determined, the comparison of the incidence of acute respiratory infections, pneumonia and bronchitis was carried out, and their etiological transcript with the help of bacteriological examination of sputum was performed. The obtained results indicate to the powerful post-vaccination immunity with the high level of seroprotection and significant preventive effect through two years after vaccination.
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FEATURES OF HHV-6 INFECTION IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN FOLLOWED UP AT THE CHILDREN’S POLYCLINIC
Authors: Lvova I. I , Deryusheva A. V , Legotina N. S. , Sidor E. V
Published: April 2021

In a cohort of 100 immunocompromised children aged 3 months to 12 years in continuous screening of saliva and urine with a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay DNA herpes virus 4, 5, 6, type (CMV, EBV, HHV-6) were verified in 76% of cases. DNA herpes virus type 6 was detected significantly more often (56%). On the material of the primary medical documentation and data of clinical and laboratory examination in conditions of a children's polyclinic there was performed the analysis of clinical and epidemiological risk factors for intrauterine infection (IUI), and clinical and laboratory markers of secondary immune deficiency (SID). It was made a suggestion about predominant vertical transmission of HHV-6 during the antenatal period. Based on 100 percent of detection of opportunistic herpes viral DNA in children aged 1-3 years the tactics of "antigenic sparing" in young children with SID was justified. To optimize the diagnostic measures in respect of immunocompromised children in conditions of a children's polyclinic the performance of a comprehensive screening PCR testing for HSV infections, including HHV-6, as well as immunological and bacteriological control is proposed.
FERAL HERD INFECTION: ACTUAL PROBLEM OF ULYANOVSK
Authors: Nafeev A. A.
Published: April 2021

As a result of social and economic transformation taking place in the Russian Federation over the last 20 years the number of urban inhabitants has been steadily elevating. Urban areas are increasing. Cities absorb not only the surrounding communities, but also the non-urban fauna and flora, and with them the natural foci of certain feral herd infectious (FHI) diseases. The study found that the results confirm the existence of the necessary conditions for the formation and operation of natural foci in the metropolis - Ulyanovsk. 3 out of the 4 infections mentioned above: leptospiroses (39.2%), followed by Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) (17,9%) and Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (ITB) (14,7%) obtained a wide dissemination. In such separate territories of the region center as Park Pobedy, Belyy Klyuch», Park Karamzina, park «Yunost'» the existence of conjugate foci of the FHI (HFRS, Tick-borne viral encephalitis (TVE), leptospirosis) has been proved.
Current trends of the changes of the etiological structure and clinical and laboratory characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Komarova A. Ya , Musatov V. B , Fedunyak I. P , Tsinzerling V. A , Karnaukhov E. V , Semenova N. Yu
Published: April 2021

The etiological structure of chronic viral hepatitides with the outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied among deceased patients for the periods of 1986-1998 and 2002-2012 in total and in comparison. HCC developed as the outcome of CHB in 45.0% of patients, CHC - in 20.7 % , CHB+C - 18,6%, CVHN- in 12.9%, CHB + D - 1.4%, CHB+C+D - also in 1.4% of patients. When comparing the data for 1986-1998 (13 years), and 2002-2012 (11 years) there was noticed an increase in the number of deaths from HCC (2-fold), there was significantly increased the incidence of HCC, associated with CHC (from 2.0% to 30.8 %), nonverified chronic hepatitis as a cause of HCC occurred 6.5 times less often (28.6 % - 4.4%), the number of cases of HCC, caused by CHB, became lower (49.0 % - 42.9 %), CHB+C - almost unchanged (20.4% - 17.6 % ). A presumptive middle time of the development of HCC since infection with hepatitis viruses is 27,6 ± 9,8 years. In assessing the cofactors ofprogression of HCC there was found that alcohol abuse occurred in 38.5 % ofpatients, diabetes - in 18,7%, HIV- infection -in 3.3%.
LANDSCAPE AND ISOLATION RATE OF SEPTIC-PURULENT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN INFANTS DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF FUNCTIONING OF THE PERINATAL CENTER
Authors: Kudryavtseva L. G. , Zueva N. G. , Sergevnin V. I.
Published: April 2021

During the first year of functioning of the Perinatal center there was detected the sharp increase in the isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infants in resuscitation and intensive care units and related departments of neonatal pathology.
Current problems of the simulation-based education in Medicine
Authors: Kosagovskaya L. I. , Volchkova E. V , Pak S. G.
Published: April 2021

Practical skills of clinical work before applying them to real patients, students should acquire in special centers, equipped with high-tech simulators and computerized mannequins, permitting to simulate the clinical situations. One of the important prerequisites to the implementation of this principle is the creation of modern simulation centers. In the article there are discussed the problems which must be sold for the successful and effective implementation of a simulation training in the medical education.
Features of the course of enteroviral infections with meningitis in adults during the epidemic season in 2013
Authors: Petrova I. S , Shyshov A. S , Bazarova M. V , Rusanova S. A , Burgasova O. A , Blank I. A , Leva V. G , Shurenkova E. N , Moskaleva E. V
Published: April 2021

Solid sample of 135 patients aged of 15-17 years (54), 18-19 years (18), 20-59 years (63) with enteroviral infection and meningitis was examined. The peak of diseases was observed in July (43 persons), August (46), and September (22). The state of the moderate grade was in all patients. There were compared the frequency and severity of symptoms in individuals older than 20 years and adolescents aged 15-17 years. Initial pleocytosis in CSF - at day 1-3 (4-7th day in case of two-wave current) was less than 100 in 10, from 100 to 1000 in 40, more 1000 cells per 3 mm 3 - in 13 adult patients, including 17 - with a predominance of neutrophils (71 to 93% in cytosis of160-1584 cells per 3 mm 3). Enteroviral RNA in CSF was detected with the use of PCR in 132 patients, including 12 patients with cytosis of 3-28 cells in 3 mm 3. Maximum cytosis was 5952 cells per 3 mm 3 in patient of 17years old. In the peripheral blood of 28 patients there was noted leukocytosis of12,000-18,700 with a shift of the formula to the left. Most patients were discharged at the 9-13th day of the hospital stay. In 45,9% ofpatients the cases registered in Moscow were introduced from other regions and far abroad.