bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exosomes derived from heat shock preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mice
Authors: Yang Tao , Li Wei , Peng Anquan , Wang Qin
Published: September 2022

NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome contributes to the development of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Whether heat shock pretreatment could be utilized to up-regulate 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP70) expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes (HS-BMSC-Exo) to alleviate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is deciphered in this study. Heat shock pretreatment was performed on BMSCs to induce HS-BMSC-Exo, which were further trans-tympanically administrated into cisplatin intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was assessed to indicate auditory sensitivity at 8, 16, 24, and 32 kHz. Myosin 7a staining was utilized to detect the mature hair cells. The relative expressions of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex were determined with Western blot in the cochlea. Diminished auditory sensitivity and increased hair cell loss could be observed in the cisplatin exposed mice with increased content of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, and pro-caspase-1, and decreased content of IL-10, which could be reversed by HS-BMSC-Exo or BMSC-Exo administration. It was worth noting that HS-BMSC-Exo demonstrated more treatment benefits than BMSC-Exo in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Heat shock precondition may provide a new therapeutic option to produce exosomal HSP70, and HS-BMSC-Exo could be utilized to relieve cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Activation of NF-κB signaling by the dense granule protein GRA15 of a newly isolated type 1 Toxoplasma gondii strain
Authors: Guo Guanghao , Cui Jianmin , Song Lindong , Tang Lvqing , Fan Sijie , Shen Bang , Fang Rui , Hu Min , Zhao Junlong , Zhou Yanqin
Published: September 2022

Background

It has been reported that the NF-κB pathway, an important component of host defense system against pathogens infections, can be differentially modulated by different Toxoplasma gondii strains, depending on the polymorphism of the GRA15 protein. The recently isolated Toxoplasma strain T.gHB1 is a type 1 (ToxoDB#10) strain but shows different virulence determination mechanisms compared to the classic type 1 strains like RH (ToxoDB#10). Therefore, it is worth investigating whether the T.gHB1 strain (ToxoDB#10) affects the host NF-κB signaling pathway.

Methods

The effects of T.gHB1 (ToxoDB#10) on host NF-κB pathway were investigated in HEK293T cells. The GRA15 gene product was analyzed by bioinformatics, and its effect on NF-κB activation was examined by Western blotting and nuclear translocation of p65. Different truncations of T.gHB1 GRA15 were constructed to map the critical domains for NF-κB activation.

Results

We demonstrated that the NF-κB pathway signaling pathway could be activated by the newly identified type 1 T.gHB1 strain (ToxoDB#10) of Toxoplasma, while the classic type 1 strain RH (ToxoDB#10) did not. T.gHB1 GRA15 possesses only one transmembrane region with an extended C terminal region, which is distinct from that of classic type 1 (ToxoDB#10) and type 2 (ToxoDB#1) strains. T.gHB1 GRA15 could clearly induce IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. Dual luciferase assays in HEK293T cells revealed a requirement for 194–518 aa of T.gHB1 GRA15 to effectively activate NF-κB.

Conclusions

The overall results indicated that the newly isolated type 1 isolate T.gHB1 (ToxoDB#10) had a unique GRA15, which could activate the host NF-κB signaling through inducing IκBα phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. These results provide new insights for our understanding of the interaction between Toxoplasma parasites and its hosts.

Graphical Abstract
Sex modifies the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and diabetes among adults in the United States (NHANES 2011–2018)
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Hu Huan , Wu Zuxiang , Wu Ji , Chen Zhiqiang , Li Ping
Published: September 2022

Background

Studies on the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) and diabetes are limited. We aimed to examine the association between uACR and diabetes among adults in the United States, with particular interest in sex differences.

Methods

Overall, 5307 participants were included in this study. The exposure variable was uACR, where uACR = urine albumin/urine creatinine. The primary outcome of this study was diabetes, defined as self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, or use of glucose-lowering drugs.

Results

The average age of the participants in this study was 46.37 ± 17.38 years, 818 (15.41%) had diabetes and the median uACR was 7 mg/g (interquartile range, 4–12 mg/g). There was a significant positive association between uACR and diabetes (per natural log [uACR] increment: OR, 1.81; 95% CI 1.39–2.34). A multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that per unit increment in LguACR, the diabetes prevalence increased 2.26-fold among male participants (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.59–3.21). However, in female participants, we observed that uACR was not related to the prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI 0.82–2.01). Our findings showed that there was an interaction between sex and uACR (P for interaction = 0.049).

Conclusions

A higher uACR is significantly associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes, and sex can modify the relationship between them.
Resveratrol promotes liver cell survival in mice liver-induced ischemia-reperfusion through unfolded protein response: a possible approach in liver transplantation
Authors: Totonchi Hamidreza , Mokarram Pooneh , Karima Saeed , Rezaei Ramazan , Dastghaib Sanaz , Koohpeyma Farhad , Noori Shokoofe , Azarpira Negar
Published: September 2022

Background

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) of the liver is a multifactorial condition that happens during transplantation and surgery. The deleterious effects of I/R result from the acute production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger immediate tissue damage and induce a series of destructive cellular responses, including apoptosis organ failure and inflammation. The production of ROS in the I/R process can damage the antioxidant system and cause liver damage. Resveratrol has been shown to have antioxidant properties in several investigations. Here, we address the therapeutic effect of resveratrol on I/R-induced liver injury by focusing on unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway.

Methods

Five minutes before reperfusion, resveratrol was injected into the tail vein of mice. They were ischemic for 1 h and then re-perfused for 3 h before being slaughtered (I/R). The activity of liver enzymes and the expression levels of genes involved in the unfolded protein response pathway were used to measure the hepatic damage.

Results

Our results revealed that the low dose of resveratrol (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg) post-ischemic treatment significantly reduced the ALT and AST levels. In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of UPR pathway genes GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, CHOP, and XBP1 was significantly reduced in the resveratrol group. In the mice that received lower doses of resveratrol (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg), the histopathological changes induced by I/R were significantly improved; however, the highest dose (2 mg/kg) of resveratrol could not significantly protect and solve the I/R damage.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that hepatic ischemia occurs after liver transplantation and that receiving low-dose resveratrol treatment before reperfusion may promote graft survival through inhibition of UPR arms, especially PERK and IRE1α.
Functional disability and health-related quality of life among systemic sclerosis patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Sigma , Choudhury Minhaj Rahim , Haque Md. Mahmudul , Yeasmin Surayea , Hossain Farzana , Zaman Mohammad Mostafa
Published: September 2022

Objective

To assess the relationship between functional disability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.

Methodology

This cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 adults who met the classification criteria for SSc defined by the American College of Rheumatology/European League of Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR)-2013. The Bangla version of Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) were used to measure HRQoL and functional disability in SSc patients.

Results

The patients' median [IQR] HAQ-DI was 1.4 [0.6–2.1], with 37.2% having a mild functional disability, 33.3 percent having a moderate functional disability, and 29.5 percent having a severe functional disability. The hygiene and activity domains of the HAQ-DI obtained the highest scores, 2.0 [0.0–3.0] and 2.0 [1.0–3.0], respectively. The Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the SF-36 had median [IQR] values of 26.2 [15.0–58.1] and 42.0 [19.6–60.6]. The highest score was 50.0 [25.0–75.0] in social functioning. The PCS of the SF-36 was moderately correlated with the HAQ-DI (rs = − 0.629, P < 0.001) and the MCS of the SF-36 was weakly correlated with the HAQ-DI ((rs = − 0.344, P < 0.001). Age, female sex, and incomplete fist closure substantially influenced functional status. Calcinosis, Raynaud's Phenomenon, and flexion contracture significantly diminished the quality of life.

Conclusions

Functional disability negatively affects health-related quality of life. Age, Musculoskeletal, and skin involvement are significantly associated with poor quality of life and functional disability. Therefore, treatment strategies should be aimed at reducing functional disability, which will enhance the HRQoL of SSc patients.
Endogenous Diurnal Patterns of Adrenal and Gonadal Hormones During a 24-Hour Constant Routine After Simulated Shift Work
Authors: Kelly Monica R , Yuen Fiona , Satterfield Brieann C , Auchus Richard J , Gaddameedhi Shobhan , Van Dongen Hans P A , Liu Peter Y
Published: September 2022

Context

Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment, predicts the development of metabolic diseases, and complicates the interpretation of hormone measurements.

Objective

To investigate endogenous circadian rhythms, dissociated from behavioral and environmental confounds, in adrenal and gonadal steroids after simulated shift work.

Methods

Fourteen healthy adults (ages 25.8 ± 3.2 years) were randomized to 3 days of night or day (control) shift work followed by a constant routine protocol designed to experimentally unveil rhythms driven endogenously by the central circadian pacemaker. Blood was sampled every 3 hours for 24 hours during the constant routine to concurrently obtain 16 Δ4 steroid profiles by mass spectrometry. Cosinor analyses of these profiles provided mesor (mean abundance), amplitude (oscillation magnitude), and acrophase (peak timing).

Results

Night-shift work marginally increased cortisol by 1 μg/dL (P = 0.039), and inactive/weak derivatives cortisone (P = 0.003) and 18-hydroxycortisol (P < 0.001), but did not alter the mesor of potent androgens testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone. Adrenal-derived steroids, including 11-ketotestosterone (P < 0.01), showed robust circadian rhythmicity after either day- or night-shift work. In contrast, testosterone and progesterone showed no circadian pattern after both shift work conditions. Night-shift work did not alter the amplitude or acrophase of any of the steroid profiles.

Conclusion

Experimental circadian misalignment had minimal effects on steroidogenesis. Adrenal steroids, but not gonadal hormones, showed endogenous circadian regulation robust to prior shift schedule. This dichotomy may predispose night-shift workers to metabolic ill health. Furthermore, adrenal steroids, including cortisol and the main adrenal androgen 11-ketostosterone, should always be evaluated during the biological morning whereas assessment of gonadal steroids, particularly testosterone, is dependent on the shift-work schedule.
Disease and viruses as negative factor prohibiting the growth of broiler chicken embryo as research topic trend: a bibliometric review
Authors: Mafruchati Maslichah , Kusuma Wardhana Akhmad , Wan Ismail Wan Iryani
Published: September 2022

Background

Broiler chickens have properties as meat-producing poultry and produce meat with soft fiber quality. Broiler’s embryo needs to be given attention, especially against disease. The purpose of the study was to observe the trend of the research topic and external factors which could affect the embryo’s growth of broiler.

Methods

This study used meta-data from Scopus. There were 162 samples started from 2006-to 2022. The data were analyzed using a bibliometric method with two software, Vosviewer, and Biblioshiy from R studio.

Results

It was found that the study of broiler chicken embryos had developed well, especially those related to genetics, disease, and also the immunity system. But the result showed that topics about the disease, viruses, and bacteria were more popular than topics about the gene. The result also showed that based on the importance and development of topics, the words such as “chicken”, “genes”, “development”, “effect”, growth”, and “control” had importance for the study and developed well in research. It means that genes influenced the growth of the embryo of a chicken. But still, even though a chicken gene was predetermined, the genetic engineering of chicken insemination to produce a superior breed with a fast-growing rate of the embryo could be used.

Conclusions

It could be stated that disease, especially research about the virus is one of the main determinants that could affect the growth of the embryo of broiler chicken.
Librarian: A quality control tool to analyse sequencing library compositions
Authors: Vashishtha Kartavya , Gaud Caroline , Andrews Simon , Krueger Christel
Published: September 2022

Background: Robust analysis of DNA sequencing data needs to include a set of quality control steps to ensure that technical bias is kept to a minimum. A metric easily obtained is the frequency of each of the nucleobases for each position across all sequencing reads. Here, we explore the differences in nucleobase compositions of various library types produced by standard experimental methodologies. 

Methods: We obtained the compositions of nearly 3000 publicly available datasets and subjected them to Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) dimensionality reduction for a two-dimensional representation of their composition characteristics.  

Results: We find that most library types result in a specific composition profile. We use this to give an estimate of how strongly the composition of a test library resembles the profiles of previously published libraries, and how likely the test sample is to be of a particular type. We introduce Librarian, a user-friendly web application and command line tool which enables checking base compositions of test libraries against known library types.  

Conclusions: Library preparation methods strongly influence the per position nucleobase content. By comparing test libraries to a database of previously published library types we can make predictions regarding the library preparation method. Librarian is a user-friendly tool to access this information for quality assurance purposes as discrepancies can flag potential irregularities very early on.
Modeling of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in dispersed media
Authors: Shilyaev Mihail , Hromova Elena , Bogomolov Aleksandr , Pavlenko A. , Butov V.
Published: September 2022

The monograph presents methods for calculating the dehydration of wet granular materials in industrial centrifuges, filter presses and vacuum filters under the influence of gravitational forces, as well as by purging the granular layer with dry air with elevated temperature; physical and mathematical models of gas absorption and the theory of capturing submicron dust by condensation in foam, centrifugal bubbling apparatus and hollow nozzle scrubbers, packing columns and tubular absorbers; physical and mathematical models of dry adsorption of gases in packing columns and flues by injecting a dispersed adsorbent into the flow are presented, a method for determining the phase equilibrium constants of sorption processes based on the developed models is proposed; physical and mathematical modeling and analysis of the combustion process of dispersed solid ash fuel in a four-stage cyclone gorenje is carried out. the furnace.
It can be useful in the educational process for a number of specialties, in particular thermal power engineering, chemical-technological, metallurgical profiles, environmentalists, as well as for researchers and graduate students and in engineering practice.
Physiological aspects of adaptation of farm animals to stressors
Authors: Kovtunenko Aleksey , Buslovskaya Lyudmila , Nikolay Vasil'evich , Svetlana Dmitrievna
Published: September 2022

The monograph presents the results of their own research on the study of bioenergetics, acid-base homeostasis of the internal environment, adaptation processes under the action of stress factors on the body of farm animals and analyzes the scientific literature on this problem. The peculiarities of adaptation of cattle and poultry to the action of high and low air temperatures, regrouping, transportation, weighing operations, vaccination and blood collection, and others are discussed. The influence of these stressors on the energy metabolism and productivity of animals is considered.
It is intended for physiologists and all specialists dealing with the problems of adaptation and increasing the productivity of farm animals.
The history of the Study of the Old Believer Spiritual Verse in the context of the study of the artistic system of extra-liturgical spiritual singing
Authors: Murashova Natal'ya , Kazanceva Tat'yana
Published: September 2022

The monograph systematizes the historiography of the study of the Old Believer spiritual verse as an independent direction within the framework of the research of the all-Russian extra-liturgical spiritual singing. The chronological principle of the presentation of information resources allowed us to trace the dynamics in the development of research attention to the spiritual verse. The periodization of the history of the study of Old Believer texts of spiritual song-making is determined, the contribution of individual authors is comprehended, key problems are identified and further prospects for scientific research in the field of the musical and poetic heritage of the Old Believers are outlined. The index of publications presented in the work gives an exhaustive idea of the ways of formation and development of research interest in the spiritual song-making of carriers of pre-schismatic Orthodoxy and can be used as an information base for works devoted to spiritual verse. It consists of 447 bibliographic descriptions covering the period from 1859 to 2021. The nominal index includes 226 authors of articles, monographs, dissertations and compilers of collections of various types.
It is intended for specialists engaged in the study of Old Believer culture, folklore, Russian religious poetry and sacred music.
Problems and Prospects of Digitalization of the Russian Economy in the Current Geopolitical Situation
Authors: Kalyanov Aleksandr , Shishkin Andrey
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to issues concerning the prospects of development in the field of digitalization of the economy. Various points of view on the nature of problems in the field of digitalization of the Russian economy are considered. Statistical data concerning quantitative indicators of the use of personal computers by organizations, special software and having websites on the Internet are analyzed. The complex of measures aimed at supporting the IT industry is analyzed and the issues of the effectiveness of their application are considered. According to the results of the study, the need for the formation of a digital infrastructure that allows combining a number of institutions, subsequently forming a system aimed at the development of competitive industries based on digitalization, is proved. An assumption has been formed about the creation of a single coordination center in the form of a state corporation to address the issues of digitalization of the branches of the national economy of the Russian Federation, which allows managing investment flows more efficiently and based on the specifics of the functioning of the IT sphere.
Electronic industry under sanctions: Are Russia and China partners or competitors?
Authors: Il'ina Svetlana
Published: September 2022

The article presents an analysis of information on the state and prospects of the development of the electronic industry in Russia and China under sanctions. The factors hindering the development of the local electronics industry and integration into the global semiconductor value chain, the basic redistribution of the electronics industry, have been identified. The available technological and production capabilities of Russia and China in the field of electronic industry are considered. Potential conflict points between the two countries have been identified. It is concluded that when creating new regional value chains of electronic products in collaboration with friendly countries, it is necessary to reach agreements either on the delimitation of their segments between participants, or on quotas for the production of the similar products to reduce competition and increase the efficiency of interaction.
Problem unikania powinności kurialnych przez dekurionów w IV wieku n.e. w świetle Kodeksu Teodozjańskiego
Authors: Olszaniec Szymon
Published: September 2022

Na przełomie III i IV wieku n.e. pozycja członków rad miejskich uległa zmianie. Szczególnie legislacja cesarza rzymskiego Konstantyna I (306–337) spowodowała, że członkostwo w radach stało się obowiązkowe. Prowadziło to do unikania służby przez kuriałów i spadku liczebności członków rad miejskich. Jak głęboki był to proces, jest kwestią dyskusji współczesnych badaczy. W niniejszym artykule prezentuję najważniejsze sposoby unikania służby w radach miejskich na podstawie źródeł normatywnych, szczególnie Kodeksu Teodozjańskiego (rozdział I, księga XII). Na przełomie IV i V wieku w cesarskim ustawodawstwie pojawiają się rozwiązania znacznie ograniczające pozycję dekurionów, zaostrzeniu ulega też ton ustaw.
„Suwerenni poddani”. Książęta rządzący w Rzeszy oraz książęta Rzeszy (Reichsfürsten) jako mieszkańcy Królestwa Czech w nowożytności
Authors: Starý Marek
Published: September 2022

Do 1620 roku szlachta czeska sprzeciwiała się nabywaniu dóbr przez członków rodów książęcych z Rzeszy. Po klęsce powstania stanów czeskich w 1620 roku oraz wydaniu odnowionego dekretu krajowego (w 1627 roku) prawo do przyjmowania nowych mieszkańców stało się jedną z prerogatyw królewskich. Od XVII do XIX wieku do Czech przybyło wielu książąt Rzeszy, którzy nabywali tu rozlegle dobra ziemskie. Niektórzy z nich byli książętami sprawującymi władzę w Rzeszy, wielu było przedstawicielami bocznych lini rodów książęcych. Również wybrani czescy arystokraci zostali wyniesieni do rangi książąt Rzeszy, część z nich przejęła władzę w posiadłościach bezpośrednio podległych cesarzowi. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi pierwszy przegląd tej problematyki, który może stanowić podstawę do szczegółowych badań. Tłumaczenie Renata Skowrońska
Czy chrzest czyni obywatelem? Judaizm, chrześcijaństwo i mechanizmy wykluczenia w Prusach w XVIII wieku
Authors: Sumalvico Thea
Published: September 2022

W artykule omówiono debaty na temat nadawania praw obywatelskich żydom w Prusach w późnym XVIII wieku. Strona chrześcijańska wykluczała żydów, używając różnych argumentów; tak więc prawo żydowskie czyniło ‘niezdolnym’ do obywatelstwa. To wyłączanie z praw obywatelskich rozciągało się niekiedy także na konwertytów żydowskich. Strona żydowska dyskutowała w toku tych debat o znaczeniu prawa żydowskiego, a tym samym o tożsamości żydowskiej jako całości. Tłumaczenie Renata Skowrońska
Obywatelstwo a dążenia do restytucji państwowości. Obywatel w ideologii ugrupowań politycznych w okresie powstania styczniowego 1863–1864
Authors: Kulecka Alicja
Published: September 2022

Temat obywatelstwa, a zwłaszcza uprawnień i obowiązków z nim związanych, pojawia się w rozważaniach teoretycznych wszystkich ugrupowań politycznych działających w Królestwie Polskim w latach 1863–1864. Władze powstania styczniowego w 1863/1864 roku również tworzyły teorie na ten temat. Założono, że powodzenie walki o niepodległość jest najwyższym celem, wymagającym rezygnacji z praw obywatelskich i koncentracji na obowiązkach. Wymaga dyscypliny, podporządkowania, wyrzeczeń i poświęcenia, a więc w konsekwencji ograniczenia praw obywatelskich i pewnej podmiotowości społeczeństwa. W programach ugrupowań politycznych tego okresu formułowano dwa modele obywatelstwa: republikański (stronnictwo „czerwonych” oraz przywództwo powstania) oraz liberalny (stronnictwo „białych”).
Struktury narracyjne w edukacji z perspektywy etycznej
Authors: Jemioł Maciej
Published: September 2022

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przyjrzenie się temu, w jaki sposób rozmaite dotyczące edukacji problemy natury etycznej powiązane są ze strukturami narracyjnymi, które występują w procesach edukacyjnych. Wywód, oparty o uwagi m.in. Michaela Oakeshotta, Erika H. Eriksona, Richarda Pringa i Arthura C. Danto dotyczy zwłaszcza trzech rodzajów takich narracji: instrumentalnych, obiektywnych i podmiotowych. Narracje instrumentalne, czyli te wykorzystywane przez nauczycieli w procesach dydaktycznych (np. bajki, anegdoty) przywołane są tu w kontekście problemu reprezentacji marginalizowanych grup w systemie szkolnictwa. Narracje obiektywne, dotyczące świata i funkcjonujących w nim systemów społecznych, omawia się tutaj w odniesieniu do zasady moralnej Eriksona, która głosi, że należy czynić drugiemu to, co przyczyni się do jego rozwoju w tej samej mierze w jakiej przyczyni się do naszego. Narracje podmiotowe, a więc te, które opowiadają sobie sami uczniowie i nauczyciele i które dotyczą ich życia, ukazane są w świetle potrzeby moralnego wychowania młodzieży. W każdym z tym przypadków odsłania się obraz perspektywy struktur narracyjnych jako dobrego formalnego odniesienia dla debat nad moralnymi problemami edukacji.
Passenger-Centric Integrated Airline Schedule and Aircraft Recovery
Authors: Cadarso Luis , Vaze Vikrant
Published: September 2022

Airlines are known to compete for passengers, and airline profitability heavily depends on the ability to estimate passenger demand, which in turn depends on flight schedules, fares, and the number of seats available at each fare, across all airlines. Interestingly, such competitive interactions and passenger substitution effects may not be limited to the planning stages. Existing regulations in some countries and regions impose monetary compensations to passengers in case of disruptions, altering the way they perceive the utility of other travel alternatives after the disruption starts. These passenger rights regulations may act as catalysts of passengers’ response to recovered schedules. Ignoring such passenger response behavior under operational disruptions may lead airlines to develop subpar recovery schedules. We develop a passenger response model and embed it into a novel integrated optimization approach that recovers airline schedules, aircraft, and passenger itineraries while endogenizing the impacts of airlines' decisions on passenger compensation and passenger response. We also develop an original solution approach, involving exact linearization of the nonlinear passenger cost terms, combined with delayed constraint generation for ensuring aircraft maintenance feasibility and an acceleration technique that penalizes deviations from planned schedules. Computational results on real-world problem instances from two major European airlines are reported, for scenarios involving disruptions, such as delayed flights, airport closures, and unexpected grounding of aircraft. Our approach is found to be tractable and scalable, producing solutions that are superior to airline’s actual decisions and highly robust in the face of passenger response uncertainty. Of particular relevance to the practitioners, our simulation results highlight that accounting for passengers’ disruption response behaviors, even in a highly approximate manner, yields significant benefits to the airline compared with not accounting for them at all, which is the current state-of-the-art.

Funding: This work was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación [Grant PID2020-112967GB-C33], the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain [Grant TRA2016-76914-C3-3-P], and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain [Grant CAS19/00036].
Cry wolf: a major misunderstanding about dog behaviour
Authors: Durston Tamsin
Published: September 2022

The notion that dogs are naturally ‘status driven’ and will use aggressive behaviour to gain recognition as ‘top dog’ within the human families they live in is based on outdated research, which has been shown to be significantly flawed. However, the concept has been historically so well-received by society that it continues to drive human—dog interactions that involve using aversive, punishing ways to control pet dog behaviour, with damaging consequences on welfare. Veterinary nurses play an important role in client education, particularly around the alternative approach of reward-based training, however client communications might be jeopardised should they feel neither acknowledged nor connected to the clinic team, and do not believe the veterinary nurse credible. Simply refuting another's long-held belief risks alienating them, as well as them perceiving veterinary professionals to be ‘crying wolf’, presenting oppositional information for their own purpose. Understanding dog behaviour and how human beliefs are formed and strengthened can positively impact welfare, while establishing positive, ongoing client-clinic relationships.
Small mammal herbivores part 1: digestive system adaptations to a herbivorous diet
Authors: Miller Christina
Published: September 2022

Nutritional disease is common in exotic companion mammals, and the unique dietary adaptations of herbivorous species only compounds this issue. The target species (including lagomorphs, and hystricomorph or caviomorph rodents) exhibit anatomical and physiological adaptations to a plant-based diet that is low in calories and protein, and high in fibre. Digestive tract adaptations such as hypselodont dentition to hindgut fermentation will be reviewed. Veterinary nurses are in an excellent position to counsel pet owners on the appropriate nutrition of their companion animals, and understanding these unique adaptations provides the necessary baseline knowledge to make recommendations.
Autumn poisoning hazards for pets
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: September 2022

In the autumn, plants commonly produce their fruits, nuts and seeds, and fungi their fruit bodies (mushrooms). Some of these are poisonous and hazardous to pets. In addition to mushrooms, warm wet weather may promote the growth of mould producing tremorgenic mycotoxins, including on food waste, compost and windfall fruits and nuts. There is also a risk of exposure to luminous novelties and fireworks associated with autumnal events such as Halloween and in the UK, Bonfire Night. For pets that ingest mushrooms, expert identification of the suspect mushroom is highly recommended to identify animals as risk of severe poisoning. Many mushrooms only cause gastrointestinal upset, but others cause neurological effects, renal and/or liver damage. Tremorgenic mycotoxins cause rapid-onset whole-body tremors and seizures. Ingestion of luminous novelties usually only produces a taste reaction which rapidly resolves. Fireworks generally only cause gastrointestinal signs but there is a potential risk of metal poisoning, although this is uncommon. Conkers and acorns are commonly eaten by dogs in the autumn and typically cause only gastrointestinal signs, but there is the risk of obstruction and occasionally more significant signs. Management of autumnal hazards is supportive but advice from a poisons information service should be sought if necessary.
Time to adequately heed Acute Pain in the Emergency Department – More Regional Blocks Warranted
Authors: Van Zundert Tom C. R. V. , Van Zundert André A. J.
Published: September 2022

All healthcare stressors converge in the emergency department (ED), which sees an annual increase of 6-7% with more than 25 million patient visits in the UK. This translates to 44,435 attendances per 100,000 population in the period 2019-2020 [1]. Acute pain is the primary reason patients seek emergency medical care. Consequently, substandard acute pain treatment is one of the most frequently heard complaints and has been labelled as a public health problem [2]. Pain remains under-acknowledged, -assessed and -treated, mainly in case of overcrowding in the ED and especially in the more vulnerable groups, including the elderly and children. Many patients express an initial pain score of 10 out of 10 on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in the ED. Generally, initial pain treatment combines oral acetaminophen, NSAID and/or (IV) opioids. Nevertheless, despite these pain killers, most patients continue to suffer and score their pain at 8/10 or higher. Untreated pain can have both short- and long-term effects, including sensitisation to pain episodes in later life [3]. Most visits to the emergency department involve patients with conditions that include: a) injuries and trauma from (motor vehicle) accidents, physical assaults or falls, with or without circulatory shock; b) cardiovascular and cerebral attacks or loss of consciousness; c) severe pain of diverse causes, both acute and chronic origin; d) acute worsening of a serious illness or disease, including problems with breathing and bleeding; e) mental illness; f) burns; g) anaphylactic and allergic reactions; g) drug overdoses and poisoning; and h) pregnancy-related complications. In most of these cases, patients present with pain as a substantial factor. Keywords: Emergency department, Hip fracture, Pain, Regional anaesthesia, Nerve blocks, Ultrasonography
Current Concepts in Pain Management of Total Knee Replacement Surgeries: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sonawane Kartik , Balavenkatasubramanian Jagannathan
Published: September 2022

Total knee replacement/arthroplasty (TKR/TKA) is considered a life-changing surgery as it not only corrects the pathology and associated joint deformity but also renders the patient pain-free allowing them to perform activities of daily living as before. Such favorable outcomes depend entirely on the perioperative pain management strategies. Structuring such strategies requires background knowledge of the goals set, the process of pain generation before and after the surgery, and innervations of the pain-generating components involved in each surgical step. The multifactorial origin of TKR pain requires a multidimensional pain management strategy such as multimodal analgesia (MMA). It should incorporate all the essential ingredients that target each step of the pain generation process. Apart from pharmacological agents and nonpharmacological techniques, regional analgesia (RA) plays a very important role as an adjunct to MMA to provide quality analgesia that promotes enhanced recovery and mobility. However, the choice of RA technique remains dependent on its motor-sparing effect, procedure-specific analgesic coverage, opioid-sparing effect, and suitability for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Psychological analgesia is also an important aspect of MMA, aiding in resolving psychological concerns and postoperative pain management and empowering patients in their own pain management process by encouraging active participation. In addition to providing appropriate pain management services, assessing expected outcomes in the postoperative period is also important to close loopholes and provide rescue analgesics when needed. This narrative review article highlights important aspects of pain management strategies and the essential requirements for implementing them to achieve desired outcomes. We believe this article will help readers design or modify their pain management strategy to meet all of their goals. Keywords: Total knee replacement, Total knee arthroplasty, Pain management, Motor-sparing regional anesthetic technique, Multimodal analgesia, Procedure-specific analgesia.
An Observational Study of Efficacy of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Arterio-Venous Fistula Surgeries- Comparison of Two Techniques Using Ultrasound and Ultrasound with Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Pethkar Trupti , Janki R.
Published: September 2022

Background: Success of the brachial plexus block depends equally on the performer’s skill and the availability of specific equipments. Here, the efficacy of infraclavicular brachial plexus block was assessed using two different techniques. Material and Methods: In 72 patients divided in equal groups, the time taken to perform the block, onset and degree of sensory and motor blockade, complications and supplements, if required were noted in patients undergoing arterio-venous fistula creation. An infraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed either with ultrasound only (group-A) or with ultrasound and nerve stimulation (group-B). Collected data underwent rigorous statistical analysis. Results: Onset of sensory, motor blockade and block success achieved in both groups was statistically insignificant. Time taken for block administration and the mean time for complete sensory blockade were statistically significant. Conclusion: Though time taken for the block administration was longer and complete sensory blockade was earlier by dual guidance, the block success rate and the degree of block were comparable in both the techniques. Dual modality blocks are challenging in view of obtaining an evoked motor response and visualization of the needle at the same time. Keywords: Infraclavicular brachial plexus block, Sonosite, Peripheral nerve Stimulator
Ultrasound Guided Regional Anaesthesia for Breast Surgery in High Risk Patients- A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Wagh Harshal D , Pendalya Shruthi , Nadkarni Mandar
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) or breast conservative surgery (BCS) done under general anaesthesia (GA) in high-risk patients may be associated with significant morbidity, Intensive Care Unit stay and increased hospital stay leading to cost issues. In this case-series, we describe our experience with regional anesthesia for MRM or BCS and sentinel / complete axillary clearance in 61 patients with breast carcinoma who were high risk for perioperative complications in view of their co-morbidities. None required ICU or increased hospital stay postoperatively. Material & Methods: Sixty-one ASA III/IV patients operated under regional anaesthesia for carcinoma of the breast were included. Multiple level USG guided thoracic paravertebral block (PVB), PECS block (1/2), Pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB), Serratus-anterior plane block (SAPB), brachial plexus block, Superficial cervical plexus blocks (SCPB), Erector spinae block (ESB) were given in different combinations. Result: There were 60 female patients (Age: 30-97 years) and 1 male patient (59 years) (Left side -27 patients, right side- 34 patients). Of the total 61 patients, 23 patients underwent BCS with axillary dissection, 36 patients underwent MRM with axillary dissection, 2 patients had MRM with Pectoralis Major muscle resection. Patients received different combinations of blocks PVB or ESB, PECS1/2 and SAPB. 43 patients received the PVB, 61 got the PECS1/2, 12 patients received ESP, 32 patients required SCPB, 1 infra-clavicular block and 35 patients got PIFB. All procedures were completed under regional anaesthesia with 51 patients getting intravenous midazolam (0.01-0.02mg/kg), 59 patients were given IV fentanyl (1-3ug/kg , 43 patients were given IV propofol (1-2mg/kg), These were given in small aliquots during the duration of the procedure. 2 patients had IV ketamine (0.5mg/kg) and 1 patient had IV dexmeditomidine (0.2-0.3ug/kg/hr). IV paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) ie. Inj Diclofenac Sodium IV in the dose of 1mg/kg (max 75mg) were given when not contraindicated. There was single case of axillary hematoma with no other complications. No patient required ICU care postoperatively and were discharged as routine. Conclusion: A combination of blocks may be an option for surgical anaesthesia for breast surgeries in high risk patients. Careful planning, patient counseling and attention to toxic dose of local anaesthetics must always be considered. Keywords: Paravertebral block, Thoracic wall blocks, PECS block, Serratus Anterior plane block, Pecto-intercorstal fascial block, Superficial cervical plexus, Modified radical mastectomy, Breast conservative surgery.
Landmark Guided Lower Interscalene Block as a Rescue Approach in a Case of Elusive Supraclavicular Block for Elbow Surgery
Authors: Jain Pratibha , Sashank A. , Mishra Divyanand
Published: September 2022

Dear Editor, Our case was an 18 yrs/m, weighing 54 kg without co morbidities presented with pain in right elbow and was posted for screw fixation of fracture capitulum. His routine blood work and airway examination were normal to undergo the surgery under supraclavicular block (SCB). On arrival, patient’s PR was 84/min, BP- 118/72 mm Hg, SpO2- 98% on room air. For right sided SCB, patient was placed supine, head turned to left side with shoulder depressed and needle was inserted lateral to subclavian artery pulsation just above the clavicle, posterolaterally. There was inadvertent puncture of subclavian artery each time, despite using standard techniques. Hence we decided to abandon standard SCB and proceed with lower interscalene block (LISB).Using modified Winnie’s approach interscalene groove was palpated and needle was inserted 2-3 cm below the classical interscalene block (ISB) site. Paresthesia was attained over whole upper limb and then Inj. Lignocaine + Adrenaline (2%) 10 ml along with inj. Bupivacaine 0.5% 10 ml was injected after repeated negative aspirations. A satisfactory sensory and motor blockade was obtained after 15 minutes of injection. Throughout the procedure, patient was continuously monitored and surgery was completed within 1.5h without any adverse event. The patient was shifted to ward. The block weaned off in 6 hrs and his vitals were stable throughout his course of stay in the hospital. Traditionally, the subclavian artery is an important relation of the brachial plexus for landmark guided SCB. However, anatomical variation may be present in as much as 50% of the population. [1] T1 nerve root supplies skin both above and below the elbow. Some authors have suggested a combined ISB + axillary block to get profound anaesthesia for elbow surgery. [2,3] Axillary nerve block was not contemplated in our case as optimal arm positioning was precluded due to severe pain at elbow. The advantages of LISB over SCB and ISB or ISB + axillary block are that it significantly reduces the risk of pneumothorax , inadvertent arterial puncture, ulnar sparing (as lower trunks of brachial plexus are more superficial in LISB) and avoids multiple injections. LISB also provides adequate anaesthesia and analgesia to whole upper limb which could be due to the relative proximity of the inferior trunks to the other components of brachial plexus as they become tightly bundled between the clavicle and first rib at this level.[2] Performing an LISB is easier due to its accessibility and shallow location of the brachial plexus, which may be favourable to those who disfavour or may not be comfortable with the supraclavicular approach. [4] Our case exemplifies that in those centres where ultrasound machine is unavailable and access to the brachial plexus for SCB by landmark technique remains elusive despite troubleshooting, lower interscalene block can be safely used to provide similar quality and extent of surgical anaesthesia.
La escritura de artículos de divulgación como estrategia de
formación docente
Authors: Domènech-Casal Jordi
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. La formación del profesorado debe atender su
capacidad de relacionar el conocimiento pedagógico paradigmático
(los marcos teóricos), el conocimiento pedagógico narrativo
(vinculado al desarrollo de la identidad docente) y la práctica
docente. Las actividades de comunicación didáctica (lectura y
escritura) se han propuesto como vías para la formación del
profesorado. MÉTODO. En este artículo se describe y analiza el
desarrollo de una actividad de formación de profesorado en activo
que consiste en la escritura de artículos de divulgación didáctica,
basándose en los resultados de una encuesta al profesorado
participante y la observación y análisis de sus producciones.
RESULTADOS. Se describen las percepciones del profesorado sobre la
acción formativa con relación al desarrollo de marcos teóricos,
reflexión sobre la práctica, e identidad docente. DISCUSIÓN. Se
proponen vías de activación de la escritura de artículos como vía de
profesionalización.
Proposing the n+-AlGaN tunnel junction for an efficient deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode at 254  nm emission
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Nawaz , Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Wali Qamar , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai
Published: September 2022

Toxic and low-pressure deep-ultraviolet (DUV) mercury lamps have been used widely for applications of surface disinfection and water sterilization. The exposure of pathogens to 254 nm DUV radiations has been proven to be an effective and environmentally safe way to inactivate germs as well as viruses in short time. To replace toxic mercury DUV lamps, an

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tunnel junction (TJ)-based DUV light-emitting diode (LED) at 254 nm emission has been investigated. The studied conventional LED device has maximum internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 50% with an efficiency droop of 18% at

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. In contrast, the calculated results show that a maximum IQE of 82% with a 3% efficiency droop under a relatively higher injection current was estimated by employing a 5 nm thin

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TJ with a 0.70 aluminum molar fraction. In addition, the TJ LED emitted power has been improved significantly by 2.5 times compared with a conventional LED structure. Such an efficient

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TJ-based DUV LED at 254 nm emission might open a new way, to the best of our knowledge, for the development of safe and efficient germicidal irradiation sources.