bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Refractory Textile Products and Applications
Authors: Johnson D. D. , Sheehan T. E.
Published: October 2022

Textiles of 3M's Nextel® Ceramic Fibers are flexible refractory materials available in a variety of fabrics, tapes and braided sleevings useful in applications above 1000°F. Performance comparisons, fabrication information, including sewing techniques using “Nextel” threads and a number of typical refractory applications are described.
Structure Property Relationships in Thermally Bonded Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Wyatt Nancy E. , Goswami Bhuvenesh C.
Published: October 2022

The relationship between fiber dimensions, morphology, tensile properties of base fibers, and the mechanical behavior of thermally bonded carded poly(ethyl-enterepthalate) fiber webs is reported. The processing conditions used included PET binder fiber concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and bonding temperatures of 97°C, 107°C, and 121°C. In addition to fiber linear density, the tenacity and crystallinity of base fibers are important factors in determining the physical properties of fabrics. The binder concentration and bonding temperature significantly affect the dimensional and tensile properties of fabrics.
Development of an Effective Poured-in-Place Sealant for Concrete Joints
Authors: Pachuta J. , Smith D.
Published: October 2022

Some years ago, Thiokol began an active program to determine the physical properties and aging characteristics needed for an effective poured-in-place joint sealant system. Initial investigations were carried out in the field to determine the types of problems that occurred. Our ultimate goal was a series of laboratory tests that would screen sealants. Economics dictated this approach, provided laboratory data was a relative measure of field performance. Periodic photographs of both the commercial and laboratory sealants, which were installed in the field, comprised an accurate record of the types of sealant failures that developed.
The Use of Elastomeric Sealants in Concrete Paving
Authors: Hoff Phil
Published: October 2022

Close observation indicates that a very substantial number of reported adhesive failures in elastomeric pavement joint sealants are actually the result of concrete failure by spalling. This spalling can be reduced by more careful protection and preparation of the substrate. This paper is a critical evaluation of past performance with close examination of reasons for failures and design proposals for improved performance, resulting in superior, long range concrete paving performance.
Attributional Style and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem and Academic Performance in Black Students
Authors: Belgrave Faye Z. , Johnson Reginald S. , Carey Carole
Published: October 2022

The types of casual attributions made regarding successful and unsuccessful life events are related to a number of variables including depression and self-esteem. High self-esteem individuals tend to internalize their success outcomes and externalize their failure outcomes more than do low self-esteem individuals. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the relationship between attributional style and self-esteem and attributional style and academic performance in Black high school and college students. The results indicated that an internal attributional style for negative events was negatively associated with self-esteem. A stable attributional style for negative events was negatively associated with academic performance. An internal attributional style for positive events was negatively associated with academic performance. It was concluded that attributional style can be useful for understanding self-esteem and academic performance in this population.
Dynamics and Co-movements Between the COVID-19 Outbreak and the Stock Market in Latin American Countries: An Evaluation Based on the Wavelet-Partial Wavelet Coherence Model
Authors: Bilgili Faik , Koçak Emrah , Kuşkaya Sevda
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 outbreak and the global uncertainty it causes produce an apparent panic in stock markets. Efforts to explain the economic spillover effects of COVID-19 can guide authorities to design a control policy against the financial impacts of pandemics. The paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 cases on the stock markets in the emerging Latin American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. The paper employs a continuous partial wavelet methodology to observe lead-lag relations between the daily variables of new COVID-19 cases and the stock market index for each Latin American country. Brazilian new COVID-19 cases led the Bovespa (BVSP) index to decline during the whole period, except February and June 2020, at one month-two month-frequency band. The wavelet and phase difference analyses indicate that, except for Brazil, COVID-19 cases did not affect the stock market indexes adversely during the whole sample period but did affect the stock exchange markets negatively during some sub-sample periods of the entire sample of each country. Dynamics of Latin American stock exchange markets in the short and long run can be explained by some other parameters of real and financial sectors and COVID-19 cases.
Investigating the Role of Information and Communication Technologies, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment in the Mitigation of Ecological Damages for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Jahanger Atif , Usman Muhammad
Published: October 2022

At the present time, information and communication technology (ICT) has played a vital role in socio-economic development such as economic growth, literacy, life expectancy, and employment levels in societies, however, such development has come with various environmental damages perspectives. This study scrutinizes the impact of ICT, economic growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the 44 One Belt and Road Initiative (OBRI) countries split into sub-region from 1991 to 2019. This study applied various econometrics approaches such as cross-sectional dependence, second-generation unit root, and Westerlund panel cointegration techniques are executed to analyze the panel data set. The full modified ordinary lease square and dynamic ordinary lease square estimators are applied to investigate the long–term influence of ICT development, GDP (economic growth), and FDI on CO2 emissions. The empirical analysis was performed at a disaggregated level to assess the possible environmental influences across the OBRI countries. Overall, the results reported that broadband and mobile development have an adverse effect on CO2 emissions. The finding further reveals that the broadband indicator negatively affects CO2 emissions in all OBRI regions except South Asia. Similarly, the mobile use indicator protects the environmental quality in all OBRI regions except MENA (Middle East and North Africa) and Central Asia. Regarding country-wise analysis, broadband has alleviated the pollution level in 21 countries, while mobile has alleviated it in 15 countries. Moreover, economic growth is responsible to increase pollution levels in all panels and regions except Europe. Besides, the results highlight that higher FDI reduces environmental pollution whereby, the pollution halo hypothesis is supported to hold for all OBRI panels and regions except MENA countries. Based on the empirical findings, the policymakers and governments of these economies should design policies to grow smarter cities, transportation systems, electrical grids, industrial processes, and energy-saving production through ICT development on a macro level.
The prevalence of excess weight among Vietnamese adults: A pooled analysis of 58 studies with more 430 thousand participants over the last three decades
Authors: Phuc Tran Thai , Duc Tran Quang , Quynh Chi Vu Thi , Quang Phan Ngoc
Published: October 2022

Background

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with excess weight as a significant risk factor, but few studies have been sufficient enough to examine the magnitude of excess weight of Vietnamese adults. This review aimed to provide a generalized estimate of the prevalence of excess weight among Vietnamese adults.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus and national database were used to identify articles published up to May 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to rate the study quality. The data was analyzed using RStudio software, and the combined effects were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis. The Cochran's Q-test and the I2 test were employed to examine heterogeneity, and subgroups were conducted. Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots were used to determine publication bias.

Results

58 studies with 432,585 participants from 1998 to 2020 were suitable for inclusion in the final model after meeting the prerequisites. Over the last three decades, the combined pooled prevalence of excess weight among adults in Vietnam was 20.3% (95% CI: 15.2–26.6). Notably, this proportion has a tendency to go up between 1998 and 2020. Moreover, rates of excess weight were found to be substantially higher in non-national studies (23.1%, 17.3–30.1) compared to national studies (8.4%, 3.6–18.3) and significantly higher when Asian and Pacific cut-offs (27.6%, 20.0–36.7) were used rather than WHO classification (11.2%, 6.7–18.0).

Conclusion

The findings suggest healthcare professionals and policymakers should focus more on designing and implementing preventive initiatives to lower the rising prevalence of excess weight adults in Vietnam.
Percutaneous Gastrostomy as a Venting Procedure in Palliative Care
Authors: Ashby MA , Game PA , Devitt P , Britten-Jones R , Brooksbank MA , Davy MLJ , Keam E
Published: October 2022

The role of venting percutaneous gastrostomy (PG) is decribed in the management of five patients with nausea and vomiting or visceral pain due to terminal advanced obstructive intra-abdominal carcinomatosis. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was used in three cases, the other two were inserted under radiological control and at laparotomy respectively. Impressive symptom relief was obtained in all cases with minimal morbidity. Two of the patients survived for prolonged periods of time (two and five months respectively) at home, and fluid and electrolyte imbalance did not appear to be a clinical problem in either case. The other three patients had brief but comfortable terminal illnesses in the hospice. The wider study of this procedure is advocated for obstructive or motility complications of advanced intra-abdominal malignancy, and also for nonmechanical causes of intractable nausea and vomiting in terminal illness where pharmacological measures fail. For this small but distressed subgroup of patients, PG may be a more effective and acceptable alternative to the prolonged use of nasogastric tubes. Further evaluation of effectiveness, impact on biochemistry, hydration and quality of life is required, particularly for longer-term use.
Spirituality in the Hospice Setting
Authors: Clark Brigid
Published: October 2022

Spirituality as it is manifested within the hospice setting is reviewed. Essentially, spirituality is inherent in all. It is deeply centred and assumes varying levels of importance in each individual's life. There appears to be a need within all of us to have a purpose in life and to make sense of life's events, never more so than when challenged by a life-threatening illness. This may be the first time that the reality of death comes into focus. The way we cope with life's personal traumas and tragedies is, for many, based upon a sound philosophy of belief or a belief in God or a supreme being. Essential to coping is the loving support of family, friends and caregivers. Caring is essentially spiritual in nature. An attempt will be made to assess how people faced with a terminal illness cope with and without a framework of religious beliefs.
Potential mechanisms to modify impaired glucose metabolism in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: McDonald Tanya S , Lerskiatiphanich Titaya , Woodruff Trent M , McCombe Pamela A , Lee John D
Published: October 2022

Neurodegeneration refers to the selective and progressive loss-of-function and atrophy of neurons, and is present in disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Although each disease presents with a unique pattern of neurodegeneration, and subsequent disease phenotype, increasing evidence implicates alterations in energy usage as a shared and core feature in the onset and progression of these disorders. Indeed, disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to the vulnerability of neurons to apoptosis. In this review we will outline these disturbances in glucose metabolism, and how fatty acids are able to compensate for this impairment in energy production in neurodegenerative disorders. We will also highlight underlying mechanisms that could contribute to these alterations in energy metabolism. A greater understanding of these metabolism-neurodegeneration processes could lead to improved treatment options for neurodegenerative disease patients.
Diagnosis and treatment of acquired factor VIII deficiency: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ren Yingli , Jian Tianzi , Jian Xiangdong , Yu Guangcai , Cui Siqi
Published: October 2022

Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare haemorrhagic disease characterized by spontaneous extensive subcutaneous haemorrhage and soft tissue haematoma. The activated partial thromboplastin time is significantly prolonged and cannot be corrected by normal plasma. Approximately 50% of AHA patients lack a specific aetiology, so this can easily result in a misdiagnosis. This current case report describes a 27-year-old male that presented with gingival bleeding, haematuria and haematochezia with no obvious cause. At first, it was thought that he might have experienced anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning, but the subsequent anticoagulant rodenticide test was negative. At the same time, the patient was screened for mutations associated with bleeding and coagulation diseases. Two mutations were identified: a p.Y471H mutation the plasminogen activator, tissue type ( PLAT) gene; and a p.Y244Y mutation the serpin family E member 1 ( SERPINE1) gene. It should be noted that patient had no previous history of thrombosis or haemorrhagic disease, which confused the diagnosis. A professional haemophilia research centre provided clarification of the diagnosis when anti-factor VIII antibodies were detected. The patient was treated with 30 mg/day prednisone orally. Multiple follow-up examinations showed continuous complete remission. No factor VIII antibodies were detected in his blood and coagulation factor VIII increased significantly.
Costa Rican wetlands vulnerability index
Authors: Veas-Ayala Néstor , Alfaro-Córdoba Marcela , Quesada-Román Adolfo
Published: October 2022

Costa Rica comprises approximately 6% of the world’s biodiversity. Among these lush ecosystems, wetlands are represented in mangrove forests near the sea, along river lowlands, sedimentary and volcanic mountains, and highland páramo landscapes. In 2018, the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MINAE), through the National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) carried out the new National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) which identified 10,699 wetland polygons. This assessment collected key information such as location, characteristics of the wetland, land use in the vicinity, threats, and other generalities. Based on these valuable results, we propose a wetland Vulnerability Index composed of a Condition Index and a Hazard Index to determine the different vulnerability conditions of each wetland unit. Our findings provide a better comprehension of the status of wetlands in Costa Rica with an environmental geography perspective. Located in a climate change hotspot, Costa Rica’s conservation policies and actions should consider how to manage the most vulnerable wetlands at different scales. This methodology can improve and generate regional and national wetlands inventories as a basis for evidence-based decision making in other latitudes.
Implementing a Ride-sharing Algorithm in the German National Transport Model (DEMO)
Authors: Thomsen Nina
Published: October 2022

As macroscopic travel demand models are widespread among regional modelers, it is crucial to develop extensions for new mobility services such as ride-sharing services to assess their effects on the transport system. In a feasible approach that was introduced with previous research, origin-destination network-based paths are transformed to a series of crossed traffic analysis zones (TAZs). These series are compared to find overlapping trajectories to derive ride-sharing potential. However, in national transport models the TAZ sizes are larger than in regional models, which can lead to unrealistically high matching rates because of imprecise path trajectories. This paper presents a modified approach for implementation in the German national transport model, DEMO. The main adjustment is to use population centers as pick-up locations instead of TAZs. Each TAZ includes multiple points. This way, the trajectories of paths can be better differentiated. Another advantage of this method is that intrazonal trips can be distributed between the centers and thus be included in the algorithm. With the successful implementation in DEMO, the effects of new mobility tools in German cities can be evaluated within the same model.
Impact of Goods Distribution in the Last Mile: An Investigation in the City of São Paulo
Authors: Neto Luigi Guarino , Barros Filipe Costa , Vieira José Geraldo Vidal
Published: October 2022

The number of goods deliveries made in the city of São Paulo has been rising every year. This growth is caused by new consumption habits, as people increasingly opt for online shopping, having goods delivered to their homes or neighborhood markets. However, these deliveries have become increasingly complex because of several issues found in the last-mile distribution of goods. This research sheds light on the interactions among issues related to truck circulation restrictions, receiver characteristics, accessibility and delivery planning, urban road infrastructure, driver behavior, and safety and risk problems that hamper last-mile delivery distribution. Data were collected (via a questionnaire) from drivers who work in the urban distribution of non-durable consumer goods in the city of São Paulo. From the data, structural equation modeling is proposed to evaluate these interactions. Empirical results demonstrate that “lack of accessibility and delivery planning” and “poor urban road infrastructure” are the elements that have the most impact on the “safety and risk problems in urban freight distribution” from the driver’s point of view. These results also contribute to mapping the main problems encountered in the last-mile delivery distribution in the city of São Paulo.
Proof Testing of a Shear Deficient Bent Cap
Authors: Tuchscherer Robin , Eggers Walter K.
Published: October 2022

An existing 58-year-old viaduct was removed and replaced between 2020 and 2021. Many of the bent caps supporting this viaduct exhibited wide shear cracking. Although the viaduct’s performance had been satisfactory throughout its lifetime, concerns were raised that construction disturbances required for the staged construction of the new roadway might compromise its safety. Given that this highway carries approximately 145,000 vehicles per day, closing it completely to effect these changes was an extremely undesirable solution. In response, the design-builder decided to proof test the bent cap that caused the greatest concern and use these results to improve the certainty of the calculated capacity of all the bent caps. This paper presents the results of the proof test, how those results compared with current shear models, and how they were used to assess the capacity of the other bent caps supporting the viaduct. The structure was loaded by placing ballasted trucks over the bent cap in question. The change in width of the widest shear crack, deflection, and strain at the bottom of the cap were monitored during testing. On conclusion of the test, the capacity of the bent cap was determined to be greater than the required demand. The results were used to show that most bents supporting the viaduct had adequate strength. For the small number needing strengthening, the results were used to develop a simpler and more straightforward repair procedure than would have been required without the findings of the proof test.
Michael Perelman and the Economics of Nonprivate Goods
Authors: Öncü T. Sabri
Published: October 2022

JEL Classification: B32, B50
Memorials to murdered women: A study of the dynamics of claiming, marking and making place in publics of commemoration
Authors: Gibson Margaret , Burstow Kelly
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the emergence and trajectory of a vernacular femicide memorial tree at Mount Gravatt (Meanjin/Brisbane) which is juxtaposed with established and regulated official commemorative placemaking practices in this social geography. The paper explores the implicit rules about marking gender in official publics of commemoration, arguing that they perform or conversely risk a doubling of women’s invisibility through assimilation into symbols and aesthetic conventions of seemingly settled history and settled subjects. They can become barely noticeable for the kinds of messages they may seek to publicly speak and breakthrough in encounter. Conventional commemoration of violence against women also risks positioning women as ‘victims’ by not unsettling that position through passive, familiar and assimilationist design forms and narrative tropes. Importantly, memorials that address violence against women and intimate femicide should contest ‘active forgetting’ by insisting that this is a public facing, collective issue of responsibility against resistant effacements, disavowal, and sequestration into the private sphere and personal life.
Lifestyle migration in place: Notes from the field
Authors: Osbaldiston Nick , Buckle Caitlin
Published: October 2022

In this paper we seek to examine the quest for a better way of life through migration, known as lifestyle migration, by positioning place as the a priori condition through which this experience happens. Following the work of Malpas, we argue that lifestyle migration literature has often positioned place in the background, failing to notice how an individual’s style of life is enacted through place and because of it. In order to understand the lifestyle in these migrations, place must be taken seriously as a grounding theoretical and empirical topic for investigation. Using a topographical approach, we propose using the metaphorical concept of ‘survey marks’ which are designed to understand the different components of place which make up the whole. We set out three of these in our interrogation of empirical research of lifestyle migrants in Tasmania and on the Sunshine Coast in Australia to illustrate the importance of place in this research.
The Demographic Context of Hiring Discrimination: Evidence from a Field Experiment in 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Authors: Mai Quan D.
Published: October 2022

How do the demographic contexts of urban labor markets correlate with the extent to which racial and ethnic minorities are disadvantaged at the hiring stage? This paper builds on two branches of labor market stratification literature to link demographic contexts of labor markets to race- and ethnicity-based hiring discrimination that manifest within them. Relying on a unique large-scale field experiment that involved submitting nearly 12,000 fictitious resumes to real job postings across 50 major urban areas, I found that Black population size is associated with greater discrimination against Black candidates, providing support for the “visibility-discrimination” thesis. I also show that this thesis cannot be extended straightforwardly to comparisons between Whites and other ethnic minority groups: I found no evidence of an association between Latino and Asian concentration and the labor market outcomes of those groups relative to Whites. The paper concludes with theoretical implications for studies of race and stratification, labor markets, and urban inequalities.
The Effects of Computational Thinking Integration in STEM on Students’ Learning Performance in K-12 Education: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Li , Wang Xiaoman , Ritzhaupt Albert D.
Published: October 2022

Computational thinking is believed to be beneficial for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) learning as it is closely related to many other skills required by STEM disciplines. There has been an increasing interest in integrating computational thinking into STEM and many studies have been conducted to examine the effects of this intervention. This meta-analysis examined the effects of computational thinking integration in STEM on students’ STEM learning performance in the K-12 education context. Following systematic procedures, we identified 20 publications with 21 studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria from a range of academic databases. We extracted effect sizes on student learning outcomes in one-group pretest-posttest designs. We also examined a range of moderating variables in the models, including student levels, STEM disciplines, intervention durations, alignment with content standards (e.g., CSTA/NGSS), types of intervention (e.g., simulation), and the use of unplugged/plugged activities. Overall, we found a statistically significant large effect size ( g = 0. 85 [95% CI of 0.57–1.14]; p < .001), indicating a large overall effect of computational thinking integration on STEM learning outcomes. The effect sizes were significantly moderated by intervention durations. We provide a discussion of the findings and present implications for future research and practice.
A New High Water Vapor Permeable Polyetherurethane Film Dressing
Authors: Jonkman Marcel F. , Bruin Peter
Published: October 2022

This study summarizes the Ph.D.-research project concerning the development of a new high water vapor permeable wound dressing. The dressing is composed of a 15 μm thin polyetherurethane (PEU) film, which has many non-interconnected cavities to enable a high water vapor permeability up to 20.1 g · m−2 · h−1 · kPa−1. Since only water vapor permeates through the PEU dressing, the wound exudate underneath is condensed into a gelatinous coagulum. Epithelialization was accelerated by 25% under the clot-permissive PEU film compared with the fluid retaining OpSite® film. In clinical situations on donor sites and grafted full-thickness burn wounds, the PEU film indeed prevented fluid accumulation and induced the formation of a “red” coagulum underneath. It furthermore reduces pain significantly compared to conventional paraffin gauze dressing. In conclusion, the optimum environment for epithelialization is a wound, in which the exudate is permitted to gelatinize between moist and dry.
Pharmacy and Physician Assistant Dual Degree: An Analysis of Its Value and Implications on the Profession
Authors: Dang Yen H. , Shaeffer Gregory K. , Freeman Robert , Vasaitis T. Sean
Published: October 2022

The pharmacy and physician assistant dual degree is one of the newest programs offered and has been predicted to have a high likelihood of growth in the future. With only an additional year of education, the PharmD-PA dual degree holder will have prescriptive authority upon graduation to expand their clinical roles. Additionally, by combining both medical and pharmacotherapeutics education, these mid-level practitioners could potentially improve healthcare shortages and allow for improvements in patient care. While there are established PharmD-PA dual degree programs, there is low enrollment coupled by rigorous curriculums and financial burdens that students must endure. Despite its limitations, this novel dual degree program offers pharmacy students another method to provide clinical care apart from the post-graduate opportunities. Schools of Pharmacy should look into the development of PharmD-PA dual degree programs as a unique marketing opportunity for admissions and as a non-traditional method of career advancement.
Experimental study on the tensile load-carrying capacity of steel/GFRP bonding in moisture and acidic environments at high temperature
Authors: Korminejad S Amir , Golmakani ME , Kadkhodayan Mehran
Published: October 2022

Steel plates are damaged in harsh environments, such as moisture and acidic environments, especially at high temperatures. Damaged areas in steel plates can be strengthened by bonding fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This paper investigates the effect of harsh environment on the load-carrying capacity of damaged steel specimens reinforced by the GFRP patch. The results of the patched samples immersed in accelerated harsh environments consisting of distilled water and strong sulfuric acid solution are compared to dry ones in the room and high-temperature conditions. The results show about 13% reduction in load-carrying capacity after 8 weeks of immersion in both harsh environments at room temperature. Moreover, the results of high-temperature tension test for patched samples immersed in high-temperature acidic solution show a significant reduction in displacement and load-carrying capacity even after 1 week. The failure mode investigation of dry specimens by numerical analyses shows good consistency with the experimental results.
Electroosmotic effect on two immiscible (conducting–non-conducting) fluids flowing in the porous channel under magnetic field
Authors: Ponalagusamy Ramasamy , Sangeetha Jaganmohan
Published: October 2022

In this article, we investigate the motion of two-phase immiscible fluids in the channel with the porous medium in the presence of a magnetic field. Depending on the different levels of permeability, the channel is classified into two regions. The lower region (region-I) consists of non-conducting modified Casson fluid and the upper region (region-II) consist of conducting Newtonian fluid. The external electric field is applied in the region-II and the electroosmotic effect is produced at the wall and the interface region. Due to the interfacial effect, the non-conducting fluid was driven by conducting fluid. To compute the flow dynamic and electric potential nature, the momentum equation and Poisson–Boltzmann equation have been solved analytically in the state of periodic vibrations. The impact of physiological parameters such as Debye–Hückel parameter, electric field, magnetic field, Darcy numbers, viscosity ratio, Casson parameter and Womersley number has been investigated and the various behaviours were characterised. Based on numerical computations performed on the aforementioned parameters, we found that the Casson parameter, Darcy numbers and electric double layer (EDL) effects are predominant features. In the velocity profiles, we identified the flow of the fluid was enhanced by the augmented values of Darcy numbers, electric field (wall zeta potential), Debye–Hückel parameter and Casson parameter. The retardation flow occurred for the higher values of the magnetic field, viscosity ratio and electric field (interface zeta potential). Based on the conditional cases, the Womersley number possesses inconsistent behaviour. The depletion nature was found in the percentage flow rate of the Casson parameter. By increasing the value of the electric field and Casson parameter, the magnitude of wall shear stress to Darcy number increases and decreases for higher values of the magnetic field, viscosity ratio and pulsatile Reynolds number. It is first noticed that for any value of M1 and M2, Darcy number (Da2) plays a dual role in the upper wall shear stress. The present study leads to the pumping effect of gas pipelines or designing the microfluidic devices which are manipulated in biosensors/biochips.
Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Migration and Homing of Human Amnion–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Ovaries in Rats With Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Ling Li , Hou Jiying , Wang Yan , Shu Han , Huang Yubin
Published: October 2022

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) can cause multiple sequelae and is currently incurable. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation might provide an effective treatment method for POI. However, the clinical application of systemic MSC transplantation is limited by the low efficiency of cell homing to target tissue in vivo, including systemic MSC transplantation for POI treatment. Thus, exploration of methods to promote MSC homing is necessary. This study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the migration and homing of transplanted human amnion–derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) to ovaries in rats with chemotherapy-induced POI. For LIPUS treatment, hAD-MSCs were exposed to LIPUS or sham irradiation. Chemokine receptor expressions in hAD-MSCs were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. hAD-MSC migration was detected by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Cyclophosphamide-induced POI rat models were established to evaluate the effects of LIPUS on the homing of systemically transplanted hAD-MSCs to chemotherapy-induced POI ovaries in vivo. We found that hAD-MSCs expressed chemokine receptors. The LIPUS promoted the expression of chemokine receptors, especially CXCR4, in hAD-MSCs. SDF-1 induced hAD-MSC migration. The LIPUS promoted hAD-MSC migration induced by SDF-1 through SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. SDF-1 levels significantly increased in ovaries induced by chemotherapy in POI rats. Pretreating hAD-MSCs with LIPUS increased the number of hAD-MSCs homing to ovaries in rats with chemotherapy-induced POI to some extent. However, the difference was not significant. Both hAD-MSC and LIPUS-pretreated hAD-MSC transplantation reduced ovarian injuries and improved ovarian function in rats with chemotherapy-induced POI. CXCR4 antagonist significantly reduced the number of hAD-MSCs- and LIPUS-pretreated hAD-MSCs homing to POI ovaries, and further reduced their efficacy in POI treatment. According to these findings, pretreating MSCs with LIPUS before transplantation might provide a novel, convenient, and safe technique to explore for improving the homing of systemically transplanted MSCs to target tissue.
‘Disciples of Aesclepius’: Glimpses into lives of the ‘Gentlemen of the Faculty’ of medicine in Brighton, England 1800–1809
Authors: Cooper Maxwell John , Fernandes Carl , Whiston Benjamin
Published: October 2022

Here we present newspaper accounts from the Sussex Advertiser to consider hitherto largely unknown Brighton doctors active between 1800 and 1809. This body of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries comprised Brighton's ‘Gentlemen of the [medical] Faculty’, whom the newspaper also dubbed the ‘Disciples of Aesclepius’. Members are considered under three broad categories. First, are Brighton-based clinicians (Mr Barratt, Mr Bond, Charles Bankhead, Thomas Guy, John Hall, John Newton, Benjamin Scutt and Sir Matthew Tierney). Second are London clinicians, probably in attendance to the Prince of Wales (John Hunter and Thomas Keate), More widely, two dentists (Dr Durlacher and Mr Bew) and two Royal Navy surgeons (Robert Chambers and Thomas Thong) also recorded at Brighton are considered. Other aspects of medical life are described: recruiting an apprentice, anatomy training at Joshua Brooke's London museum, midwifery, a description of a surgeon's bag and the last reference to the Royal Sussex Jennerian Society (which disappears from the newspaper record in 1807). Clinical cases described include: resuscitation from near-drowning, post-mortem examinations, death from the ‘gravel and stone’ and accounts of suicide. The primary sources presented in this paper offer rare glimpses into medical life in Brighton at the very start of the nineteenth century.
Design study of outboard wing incorporating MFC for a morphing vehicle
Authors: Mennu Matlock , Tran Brandon , O’Donnell Richard , Tripp Chad , Ifju Peter
Published: October 2022

A novel biomimetic morphing micro aerial vehicle was designed using macro fiber composites (MFCs) as control actuators. The vehicle features variable-sweep, multi-curved wings, and a tail, both of which were embedded with MFC bimorphs. The wing design has a span of 1.1 m unswept (wings fully extended) and 0.65 m swept, resembling falcons (Falco Peregrinus). A design study was conducted on the outboard wing’s MFC and carbon fiber substrate orientation to enhance the roll authority of the wings when fully extended. Finite element modeling, wind tunnel testing, and flight testing were conducted to model and optimize the design to obtain linear aerodynamic control with given MFC deflections. In addition, this research explores several configurations to increase roll authority of MFCs using segmented and overlapped sections resembling avian feathers. An overlapped wing configuration was discovered to have the potential to increase roll authority at the expense of adverse yaw. Flight testing proved that MFC-actuated, continuous outboard wings provide sufficient roll authority and handling quality without added compensation for the non-linear behavior of MFCs. This research showed that MFCs can be incorporated into a morphing wing design for manual flight and autonomous flight through feedback from inertial sensors onboard the vehicle.
NegotiAct: Introducing a Comprehensive Coding Scheme to Capture Temporal Interaction Patterns in Negotiations
Authors: Jäckel Elisabeth , Zerres Alfred , Hemshorn de Sanchez Clara S. , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale , Hüffmeier Joachim
Published: October 2022

In the present research, we developed NegotiAct, a comprehensive coding scheme for negotiations, comprising 47 mutually exclusive behavioral codes. NegotiAct was derived by systematically integrating (i) 89 extant coding schemes for negotiations, (ii) pertinent findings from negotiation research, and (iii) specific interaction behaviors that were previously not considered in coding schemes for negotiations (e.g., active listening). To facilitate the application of NegotiAct, we designed a coding manual with precise instructions and with definitions and examples for every code. NegotiAct can be customized to address many research questions in experimental settings as well as field research by splitting codes into more specific behaviors. Thereby, differentiated codes can always be traced back to the original codes, preserving comparability across studies and facilitating cumulative research. In combination with interaction analytical methods, NegotiAct enables scholars to detect and investigate specific communication patterns across the negotiation process. As a first empirical validation of NegotiAct, we demonstrate a substantial interrater reliability for 18 videotaped negotiations (κ = .80) and conduct an exploratory validation analysis, studying the relation of multi-issue offers, active listening, and joint gains.
Lymph Node and Distant Metastases in Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Naal Tawfeq , Saker Siba , Coldren Daniel
Published: October 2022

A 54-year-old woman who incidentally noticed a “knot” in her left breast subsequently underwent excisional biopsy which yielded a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm with sarcomatous features. Given the broad differential diagnosis and imaging findings, the patient underwent bilateral mastectomy and intraoperative sentinel lymph node assessment. An 8.5 cm tumor that was further classified as a malignant phyllodes tumor was identified in the left breast, while the frozen section interpretation came back as positive for metastatic disease which resulted in left axillary lymphadenectomy. Two months later the patient progressed to distant metastatic disease and unfortunately passed away within 6 months after her initial diagnosis. Lymph node metastasis in phyllodes tumor is an exceptionally rare event for which patients usually do not undergo intraoperative sentinel lymph node examination; however high clinical suspicion of metastatic disease would be evidence for further investigation.
CSL112 (Apolipoprotein A-I [Human]) Strongly Enhances Plasma Apoa-I and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: A PK/PD Substudy of the AEGIS-I Trial
Authors: Gibson C. Michael , Kazmi Syed Hassan A. , Korjian Serge , Chi Gerald , Phillips Adam T. , Montazerin Sahar Memar , Duffy Danielle , Zheng Bo , Heise Mark , Liss Charles , Deckelbaum Lawrence I. , Wright Samuel D. , Gille Andreas
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is impaired following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). CSL112 is an intravenous preparation of human plasma-derived apoA-I formulated with phosphatidylcholine (PC). CSL112 is intended to improve CEC and thereby prevent early recurrent cardiovascular events following AMI. AEGIS-I (ApoA-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes I) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b study, designed to evaluate the hepatic and renal safety of CSL112. Here, we report an analysis of a pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) substudy of AEGIS-I.

Methods:

AMI patients were stratified by renal function and randomized 3:3:2 to 4, weekly, 2-hour infusions of low- and high-dose (2 g and 6 g) CSL112, or placebo. PK/PD assessments included plasma concentrations of apoA-I and PC, and measures of total and ABCA1-dependent CEC, as well as lipids/lipoproteins including high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoB, and triglycerides. Inflammatory and cardio-metabolic biomarkers were also evaluated.

Results:

The substudy included 63 subjects from AEGIS-I. CSL112 infusions resulted in rapid, dose-dependent increases in baseline corrected apoA-I and PC, which peaked at the end of the infusion (Tmax ≈ 2 hours). Similarly, there was a dose-dependent elevation in both total CEC and ABCA1-mediated CEC. Mild renal impairment did not affect the PK or PD of CSL112. CSL112 administration was also associated with an increase in plasma levels of HDL-C but not non-HDL-C, LDL-C, apoB, or triglycerides. No dose-effects on inflammatory or cardio-metabolic biomarkers were observed.

Conclusion:

Among patients with AMI, impaired CEC was rapidly elevated by CSL112 infusions in a dose-dependent fashion, along with an increase in apoA-I plasma concentrations. Findings from the current sub-study of the AEGIS-I support a potential atheroprotective benefit of CSL112 for AMI patients.
Follow-Up Care After Maltreatment: Sociodemographic Associations With Timeliness in a Southern State
Authors: Calvert Maegan L. , Korgaonkar Siddhi , Ramachandran Sujith , Sarver Dustin E.
Published: October 2022

Children who experience maltreatment are at elevated risk of developing mental health difficulties. Even so, they often do not receive timely, evidenced-based mental health treatment, which may exacerbate the risk of poor outcomes. This study aims to describe the receipt of timely follow-up care after maltreatment in a southern state with known treatment shortages and aims to identify factors associated with timely follow-up care. We utilized a retrospective cohort design using 2014 Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data for youth 0–18 years. Prevalence estimates and associations with definite and probable maltreatment (based on recorded age/injury combinations) during inpatient and outpatient healthcare encounters were evaluated. Rates of 30-day maltreatment follow-up with any medical or behavioral health provider were also assessed. Prevalence estimates of definite and probable maltreatment in the eligible study population ( N = 324,752) were 0.53% and 3.8%, respectively. Only one-third of identified children received 30-day follow-up. Black and older children as well as children diagnosed with anxiety or depression were more likely to receive 30-day follow-up than younger children, white children, and children without anxiety or depression. Low rates of timely follow-up indicate the need for intentional workflow practices to increase the likelihood of follow-up.
Effects of Behavioral Skills Training With Video Modeling and In Situ Training on Workplace Conversational Skills of Students With Autism
Authors: Whittenburg Holly N. , Xu Yaoying , Thoma Colleen A. , Schall Carol , Ham Whitney
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the effects of behavioral skills training (BST) with video modeling and in situ training on workplace conversational skills of four transition-age students with autism enrolled in a U.S. community-based internship program. Intervention sessions began with BST, which included direct instruction, video modeling, conversational practice, and feedback on practice performance, and concluded with in situ training, during which participants conversed with coworkers in their internship settings. Data were collected on participants’ accuracy in conversing with coworkers through mock conversations and in situ trials in internship settings. Findings demonstrated a functional relation between the implementation of the intervention package and increases in skill accuracy on in situ trials for all participants. Substantive improvements in participants’ mock conversation scores within training settings were also noted. Findings highlight the importance of in situ training and how video modeling can be incorporated within a BST instructional sequence.
Determinants of Hospital Use and Physician Services Among Adults With a History of Homelessness
Authors: Wiens Kathryn , Rosella Laura C , Kurdyak Paul , Chen Simon , Aubry Tim , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Hwang Stephen W
Published: October 2022

Background:

People experiencing homelessness have diverse patterns of healthcare use. This study examined the distribution and determinants of healthcare encounters among adults with a history of homelessness.

Methods:

Administrative healthcare records were linked with survey data for a general cohort of adults with a history of homelessness and a cohort of homeless adults with mental illness. Binary and count models were used to identify factors associated with hospital admissions, emergency department visits and physician visits for comparison across the 2 cohorts.

Results:

During the 1-year follow-up period, a higher proportion of people in the cohort with a mental illness used any inpatient (27% vs 14%), emergency (63% vs 53%), or physician services (90% vs 76%) compared to the general homeless cohort. People from racialized groups were less likely use nearly all health services, most notably physician services. Other factors, such as reporting of a regular source of care, poor perceived general health, and diagnosed chronic conditions were associated with higher use of all health services except psychiatric inpatient care

Conclusion:

When implementing interventions for patients with the greatest health needs, we must consider the unique factors that contribute to higher healthcare use, as well as the barriers to healthcare access.
Understanding Postmodern Identity Among US Young Adults Through an Investigation of Globalized Interest
Authors: Kim Ann Y
Published: October 2022

The 21st century and internet technology has brought about many changes that includes exposure to new cultures. This creates opportunities for new identities to develop. In this study, the researcher examines identity integration through discussions on engagement in a globalized interest in connection with postmodernism. Twelve college students who were interested in a culture not connected to their own ethnic background were interviewed. The majority of the participants were interested in Japanese anime and Korean pop music while not being ethnically Japanese or Korean. Using Erikson’s theorizing of three levels of identity and Hidi and Renninger’s four phases of interest development, the researcher discusses the integration of participants’ interest into their ego identity, personal identity, and social identity as well as the utilization of the internet for interest development. The researcher ends with suggestions for future identity research that includes considerations around how identity integration might be considered (i.e., identity synthesis) and further investigations around internet content.