bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАТОМІЧНА БУДОВА ПІДЗЕМНИХ ОРГАНІВ КАТРАНУ КОКТЕБЕЛЬСЬКОГО (CRAMBE KOKTEBELICA (JUNGE) N. BUSCH)
Authors: Marchyshyn S. M. , Skrynchuk O. Ya. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Demydiak O. L.
Published: December 2021

Мета роботи: визначення мікроскопічних діагностичних ознак підземних органів катрану коктебельського (C. koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch).

Матеріали і методи. Мікропрепарати кореня готували зі свіжозібраної, фіксованої в суміші етанол-гліцерин-вода очищена (1:1:1) та висушеної, а потім розмоченої сировини. Анатомічну будову вивчали на препаратах із поверхні та поперечних зрізах, які робили за загальноприйнятою методикою. Використовували світловий мікроскоп «БІОЛАМ ЛОМО» (Росія) при збільшенні у 80, 120, 160, 400, 600 та 800 разів. Отримані дані фіксували цифровою фотокамерою OLYMPUS SH – 21. Фотографії обробляли за допомогою комп’ютерної програми «Adobe Photoshop CS3».

Результати й обговорення. Анатомічна будова кореня. Корінь на поперечному зрізі округлої форми. Перидерма представлена 2–4 шарами паренхімних клітин. Добре розвинута корова паренхіма, яка утворена паренхімними тонкостінними клітинами. У коренях другого і наступних років серед клітин корової паренхіми зустрічаються невеликі скупчення склереїд, які відсутні в коренях першого року. Тип будови центрального циліндра безпучковий. Камбій добре помітний. Запасною речовиною кореня картану коктебельського є крохмаль, а в оболонках судин первинної та вторинної ксилеми – білок.

Анатомічна будова видозміни кореня (стеблекорінь, каудекс). Осьовий орган на поперечному зрізі округлої форми. Покривна тканина – багатошарова епідерма, клітини якої паренхімні, товстостінні. Опушення рідке, представлене простими одноклітинними волосками. Добре розвинена корова паренхіма, яка складається з паренхімних тонкостінних клітин. У коровій частині зустрічаються луб’яні волокна. Центральний осьовий циліндр безпучкової будови, камбій добре виражений. Домінуюча тканина ксилеми – лібриформ. Серцевина виражена, виповнена.

Клітини корової паренхіми та серцевини накопичують крохмаль у вигляді простих крохмальних зерен, оболонки клітин судин та деяких клітин серцевини – білок.

Висновки. Досліджено анатомічну будову підземних органів катрану коктебельського (коренів і стеблокореня) та виявлено основні мікроскопічні діагностичні ознаки, які будуть використані для розробки методів контролю якості на нову лікарську рослинну сировину.

 Діагностичними ознаками кореня є:

скупчення склереїд у коровій паренхімі кореня другого, третього та наступних років;

прості крохмальні зерна з тріщинкою, або з вираженими денними і нічними шарами;

білок у клітинах ксилеми.

 Діагностичними ознаками стеблокореня є:

покривна тканина – багатошарова епідерма;

рідке опушення простими одноклітинними волосками;

наявність луб’яних волокон у коровій паренхімі;

домінування у ксилемі механічної тканини.
Numerical Origins: The Critical Questions
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: December 2021

Four perspectives on numerical origins are examined. The nativist model sees numbers as an aspect of numerosity, the biologically endowed ability to appreciate quantity that humans share with other species. The linguistic model sees numbers as a function of language. The embodied model sees numbers as conceptual metaphors informed by physical experience and expressed in language. Finally, the extended model sees numbers as conceptual outcomes of a cognitive system that includes material forms as constitutive components. If numerical origins are to be found, each perspective must address one or more critical questions that will require working across discipline boundaries.
Notes For a Discussion on Unequal Exchange and the Marxist Theory of Dependency
Authors: Féliz Mariano
Published: December 2021

The debate on the decline of the terms of trade in dependent countries was never fully integrated into the Marxist theory of dependency. The attempt to articulate it through the category of unequal exchange was not particularly systematic. This paper seeks to recover those debates and will attempt to account for the relevant articulations in the light of a present revitalisation of studies in the field of Marxist dependency theory. To this end, we will recover the classical discussions around unequal exchange in order to discuss their points of contact with the Marxist theory of dependency and some contemporary debates around the transfer of value and the super-exploitation of labour and nature.
Contextual Theology as Heritage Formation: Moluccan Culture, Christianity, and Identity
Authors: Lensink Jip
Published: December 2021

This article uses the case of Moluccan Protestantism to argue that contextual theology is not merely a postcolonial theological movement, but in some cases also can be understood as part of a larger post-independence political nation-building project of heritage formation. I show how in two key political periods the interests of the Moluccan Protestant church (GPM) and the Indonesian government coalesced. The word ‘heritage’ is central to the Moluccan contextual discourse, and the development of contextual theology resembles practices of heritage formation, being a controlled political process of careful selection of cultural forms, aimed at a sense of ‘authentic’ local identity. The development of a Moluccan contextual theology partakes in the socio-political effort of preservation of Moluccan cultural heritage. At the same time, and paradoxically, the heritage frame in which Moluccan contextual theology is embedded, also hinders the theological goal of contextualization. This article is based on anthropological research into Moluccan theology. Its innovative contribution and relevance lies in the interdisciplinary postcolonial perspective, that understands Moluccan contextual theology as both a theological exercise of inculturation and as a religious expression of Indonesia’s heritage politics.
Modern African Missionaries. A Reassessment of Their Impact in Uganda 1890s–1920s
Authors: Wild-Wood Emma
Published: December 2021

Using examples from Anglican missions in the Great Lakes region of Africa this article explores the roles of African Protestant missionaries in the modern era. It argues that many committed African Christians understood themselves to be missionaries and examines the nature of their missionary activity. Those who called themselves missionaries evangelised outside their own ethnic group. They were engaged in regional and transnational developments. The article attends to local and regional historical processes to show how African missionary activities were infused with transnational notions of belonging to a world religion.
Mugemangango v. Belgium: No Exceptions for “Old Democracies”
Authors: Brakebill James R.
Published: December 2021

In Mugemangango v. Belgium, the European Court of Human Rights clarified its case law regarding the right to vote and stand for election. By holding that Belgium’s longstanding tradition of allowing parliamentary review of election disputes violates guarantees of fairness and impartiality, the Court made clear that it would not interpret Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 as providing an exception for so-called “old democracies.” In doing so, the Court sent a clear message to other member states with similar systems of parliamentary review that their procedures may not be in compliance with the Convention.
贛南客家話鼻音的成音節化、去成音節化及獨立成韻
Authors: 張 倩
Published: December 2021

本文在實地調查的基礎上，詳細考察贛南客家話鼻音的成音節化、去成音節化以及獨立成韻的現象。本文研究表明，贛南客家話鼻音成音節化的過程與多數漢語方言表現一致，即韻母元音脫落，鼻音聲母自成音節；m̩、n̩、ŋ̍之間的轉化與多數粵、客方言表現一致，即以前移為主（ŋ̍→m̩ 、ŋ̍→n̩或n̩→m̩）。本文認為，贛南客家話裡只有VN形式是成音節鼻音發生去成音節化而來，NVN形式則是在鼻音聲母和韻母高元音的雙重作用下演變而來。贛南客家話裡的鼻音還可以獨立成韻與各種聲母拼合，這種特殊現象與韻母主元音和鼻音韻尾都有關係。
The Soundscapes of Our Elsewheres
Authors: Alajaji Sylvia Angelique
Published: December 2021

In this article, ethnomusicologist Sylvia Angelique Alajaji interviews electronic music composer, filmmaker, sound artist, and producer Lara Sarkissian on her career, artistic process, making music as an Armenian in diaspora, and the ways she uses music to bring into conversation the various (often quieted) presents of the diaspora with its many (often quieted) pasts, thus creating soundscapes of future possibility.
Bulbophyllum versicolor (Orchidaceae, Malaxideae), a new species from Yunnan, China: evidence from morphology and molecular analyses
Authors: ZHOU ZHUANG , WU PENG-YU , LIN YA-JUN , ZHAO ZHUANG , TU XIONG-DE , FU SHUANG-BIN , YING ZHEN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: December 2021

A new orchid species, Bulbophyllum versicolor (Malaxideae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), from Malipo, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. Detailed morphological study indicates that B. versicolor is similar to B. japonicum, but it differs in the shape and size of leaf and flower and flower colour. Molecular analyses based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrITS) and plastid DNA (matK, atpI-atpH and trnL-F) reveal that B. versicolor is a new species and genetically similar to B. japonicum.
Bringing Capparis zeylanica (Capparaceae) out of chaos: nomenclatural updates and amended description
Authors: MAURYA SATISH , CHOUDHARY RITESH KUMAR
Published: December 2021

N/A
Termin "rasa" i jego synonimy w polskiej refleksji naukowej i popularnonaukowej w latach 1864–1918
Authors: Wrzesińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

The Term Race and its Synonyms in Polish Scholarly and Popular Science Thought, 1864–1918In the Polish scholarly literature concerning terminology used in different fields of knowledge, issues of the meaning and usage of the term race have not been discussed. The article aims at demonstrating how the term race was used in the Polish writings. Typically, it was in use interchangeably with terms considered as its synonyms, such as plemię, szczep, gałąź, lud and naród, as well as the notions adapted from natural sciences such as species and variety. All these terms were applied in order to categorize human groups, describe and classify them. The meaning of the notion race was not fully analyzed. Moreover, despite the fact that the Western science and its development was followed and popularized in Poland, no clear definitions appeared there. The majority of Polish authors still used the terms mentioned above as synonyms and understood quite different contents from the point of view of biology, culture and spiritual and social contexts. The term racial was still used interchangeably with such terms as ethnic, ethnographic, ethnological. Even though in the second half of the nineteenth century some Polish scholars (e.g. Ludwik Gumplowicz, Erazm Majewski, and Ludwik Krzywicki) initiated attempts to clarify this terminology, their effort did not ultimately exert an influence on the language of the message. Termin rasa i jego synonimy w polskiej refleksji naukowej i popularnonaukowej w latach 1864–1918W polskiej literaturze naukowej dotyczącej terminologii stosowanej w różnych dziedzinach wiedzy nie poruszono dotąd zagadnień związanych ze znaczeniem i użyciem terminu rasa. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie sposobu pojmowania tego terminu i zakresu jego stosowania w piśmiennictwie polskim. Najczęściej był on używany zamiennie z określeniami uważanymi za jego synonimy, takimi jak plemię, szczep, gałąź, lud i naród oraz przyswojonymi z nauk przyrodniczych: gatunek i odmiana. Wszystkie te terminy służyły rozróżnianiu grup ludzkich, ich opisowi i klasyfikacji. Nie udawało się zgłębić znaczenia pojęcia rasa. Także nauka zachodnia, którą śledzono i popularyzowano, nie przynosiła jasnych definicji. Większość z piszących stosowała synonimicznie wspomniane terminy i rozumiała pod nimi zupełnie inne treści: biologiczne, kulturowe i duchowe, społeczne. Określenia rasowy natomiast używano zamiennie z takimi wyrazami jak etniczny, etnograficzny, etnologiczny. Choć w drugiej połowie XIX wieku polscy uczeni (Ludwik Gumplowicz, Erazm Majewski, Ludwik Krzywicki) podejmowali próby uporządkowania terminologii, pozostały one bez większego wpływu na język przekazu.
Checkpoint protein expression in the tumor microenvironment defines the outcome of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Karihtala Kristiina , Leivonen Suvi-Katri , Karjalainen-Lindsberg Marja-Liisa , Chan Fong Chun , Steidl Christian , Pellinen Teijo , Leppä Sirpa
Published: December 2021

Emerging evidence indicates a major impact for the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune escape in the pathogenesis and clinical course of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We used gene expression profiling (n = 88), CIBERSORT, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (n = 131) to characterize the immunoprofile of cHL TME and correlated the findings with survival. Gene expression analysis divided tumors into subgroups with T cell-inflamed and -noninflamed TME. Several macrophage-related genes were upregulated in samples with the non–T cell-inflamed TME, and based on the immune cell proportions, the samples clustered according to the content of T cells and macrophages. A cluster with high proportions of checkpoint protein (programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1 ligands, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1, lymphocyte-activation gene 3, and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein 3) positive immune cells translated to unfavorable overall survival (OS) (5-year OS 76% vs 96%; P = .010) and remained an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariable analysis (HR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.05-17.91; P = .043). cHL samples with high proportions of checkpoint proteins overexpressed genes coding for cytolytic factors, proposing paradoxically that they were immunologically active. This checkpoint molecule gene signature translated to inferior survival in a validation cohort of 290 diagnostic cHL samples (P < .001) and in an expansion cohort of 84 cHL relapse samples (P = .048). Our findings demonstrate the impact of T cell- and macrophage-mediated checkpoint system on the survival of patients with cHL.
Three-dimensional oropharyngeal airway changes after facemask therapy using low-dose computed tomography: a clinical trial with a retrospectively collected control group
Authors: Husson Amr H. , Burhan Ahmad S. , Hajeer Mohammad Y. , Nawaya Fehmieh R.
Published: December 2021

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term oropharyngeal airway volumetric changes in growing Class III maxillary-deficient patients treated by facemask without expansion compared with untreated Class III controls, using low-dose computed tomography.

Methods

Eighteen maxillary-deficient children (9 boys, nine girls) with a mean age of 7.81 ± 0.84 years were treated with maxillary bonded bite block and facemask (FM). Pre- (T1) and post-treatment (T2) low-dose CT images were acquired. Sixteen untreated Class III patients with a mean age of 7.03 ± 0.56 years had previously two low-dose CT scans within a one year of follow-up. Volumetric and minimal cross-sectional area measurements were obtained to assess the oropharyngeal airway changes. Quantitative mean, minimum, and maximum displacement of superimposed 3D models were estimated from a point-based analysis. Paired-samples t-tests were used for the intragroup comparisons, and an independent samples t-test and the Mann–Whitney U tests were carried out for the intergroup comparisons.

Results

A statistically significant increase in the total and retropalatal volumes oropharyngeal airway volume were observed in the control group (302.23 ± 345.58 and 145.73 ± 189.22 mm3, respectively). In the FM group, statistically significant increases in the total and retropalatal volumes were observed (738.86 ± 1109.37 mm3 and 388.63 ± 491.44 mm3, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups, except for the maximum part analysis which was significantly greater in the FM group (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

FM therapy appeared to have no additional effects on the oropharyngeal airway other than those induced by growth.
Rehabilitation care planning on a digital communication platform for patients with a work disability: protocol for the RehaPro-SERVE feasibility study
Authors: van der Wardt Veronika , Seipp Hannah , Becker Annette , Maulbecker-Armstrong Catharina , Kraicker Rebecca , Schneider Annika , Heitz Andreas , Seifart Ulf
Published: December 2021

Background

Long-term disability to work is a risk factor for a permanent reduction in income. Rehabilitation care can support people to return to work. In Germany, rehabilitation care to return to work is mostly provided in specialised clinics. The aim of the Rehapro-SERVE study is to reduce work disability days by facilitating rehabilitation care planning using a digital communication platform. To investigate the feasibility, we will test the implementation of the digital platform and evaluate the study procedures. The Rehapro-SERVE study is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (BMAS) (grant number: 661R0053K1).

Method

The feasibility study includes a two-armed unblinded block randomised controlled study (RCT) without follow-up assessments as well as an interview study. Participants for the RCT (n = 16) are primary care patients with a minimum of 4 weeks of absence from work due to musculoskeletal, oncological or psychological conditions and at high risk of early retirement. Eligibility criteria are age 40 to 60 years; minimum of 4 weeks continuous sick leave before recruitment due to musculoskeletal, mental health or oncological conditions; and being at high risk of early retirement. Patients will be recruited from 8 primary care practices in urban and rural areas in Hesse, Germany. Following baseline assessments, patients will be randomised to either digitalised care planning (treatment) or a control group. The digitalised care planning platform will include the patients’ primary care physicians, jobcentres and public health physicians to decide on a tailored return-to-work programme. The collaboration will be supported by a case administrator and, if considered beneficial, a social worker for the patient. An interview study will evaluate the acceptability of the study procedures and the intervention.

Discussion

The use of a digital communication platform enables stakeholders to exchange information and discuss rehabilitation care planning in a timely fashion. The results of the feasibility study will lead to the adaptation of study procedures for the main study. The results will support the design and conduct of similar studies including digital applications in primary care or across different healthcare settings.

Trial registration

DRKS- German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00024207. Registered on 22 March 2021
TEM sample preparation of microsized LiMn2O4 powder using an ion slicer
Authors: Park Jung Sik , Kang Yoon-Jung , Choi Sun Eui , Jo Yong Nam
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of this paper is the preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples from the microsized powders of lithium-ion secondary batteries. To avoid artefacts during TEM sample preparation, the use of ion slicer milling for thinning and maintaining the intrinsic structure is described. Argon-ion milling techniques have been widely examined to make optimal specimens, thereby making TEM analysis more reliable. In the past few years, the correction of spherical aberration (Cs) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been developing rapidly, which results in direct observation at an atomic level resolution not only at a high acceleration voltage but also at a deaccelerated voltage. In particular, low-kV application has markedly increased, which requires a sufficiently transparent specimen without structural distortion during the sample preparation process. In this study, sample preparation for high-resolution STEM observation is accomplished, and investigations on the crystal integrity are carried out by Cs-corrected STEM.
Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review
Authors: Walsh Zach , Mollaahmetoglu Ozden Merve , Rootman Joseph , Golsof Shannon , Keeler Johanna , Marsh Beth , Nutt David J. , Morgan Celia J. A.
Published: December 2021

Background

In the past two decades, subanaesthetic doses of ketamine have been demonstrated to have rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, and accumulating research has demonstrated ketamine's therapeutic effects for a range of psychiatric conditions.

Aims

In light of these findings surrounding ketamine's psychotherapeutic potential, we systematically review the extant evidence on ketamine's effects in treating mental health disorders.

Method

The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (identifier CRD42019130636). Human studies investigating the therapeutic effects of ketamine in the treatment of mental health disorders were included. Because of the extensive research in depression, bipolar disorder and suicidal ideation, only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. We searched Medline and PsycINFO on 21 October 2020. Risk-of-bias analysis was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) Checklist.

Results

We included 83 published reports in the final review: 33 systematic reviews, 29 randomised controlled trials, two randomised trials without placebo, three non-randomised trials with controls, six open-label trials and ten retrospective reviews. The results were presented via narrative synthesis.

Conclusions

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide support for robust, rapid and transient antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects of ketamine. Evidence for other indications is less robust, but suggests similarly positive and short-lived effects. The conclusions should be interpreted with caution because of the high risk of bias of included studies. Optimal dosing, modes of administration and the most effective forms of adjunctive psychotherapeutic support should be examined further.
Efeitos tóxicos à saúde humana e ao ambiente causados pelo derramamento de rejeitos de minério da barragem de Fundão
Authors: Oliveira Lara Luiza Freitas de , Santos Hélio Batista dos , Thomé Ralph Gruppi , Chequer Farah Maria Drumond
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas existentes até o presente momento que descrevem os efeitos tóxicos causados à saúde humana e ao ambiente, devido à liberação dos rejeitos de minério, decorrentes do rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana - MG. Métodos: a revisão narrativa da literatura baseou-se na busca de artigos em quatro bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct e LILACS, utilizando os descritores “Dam”, “Fundão” e “Mariana” junto com o operador booleano “AND”. Resultados: trinta e quatro das oitenta e cinco publicações encontradas atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e foram utilizadas para compor a presente revisão. Foram observados os seguintes efeitos tóxicos: contaminação da água e do solo, principalmente, por metais pesados, potencial genotóxico, citotóxico e mutagênico da água, diminuição da diversidade microbiana, contaminação de peixes, perda da vegetação e prejuízos ao metabolismo de crescimento de plantas. Entre esses metais, foi relatado aumento na concentração de ferro, manganês, cobre, cádmio, chumbo, arsênio, cromo, magnésio, alumínio, mercúrio, cobalto, bário, níquel e selênio. Além disso, o desastre promoveu o aumento no número de casos de doenças humanas, como dengue, doenças respiratórias, dermatológicas, intestinais, psicológicas e comportamentais. Conclusão: todas as evidências científicas expostas na presente revisão sugerem que houve a contaminação ambiental, bem como da população local, por agentes tóxicos presentes nos rejeitos de minério, em especial metais pesados, liberados após o rompimento da barragem de Fundão. Assim, torna-se essencial a realização de mais estudos que visem esclarecer os efeitos tóxicos crônicos decorrentes dos rejeitos de minério liberados ao ambiente.
Comparison between different methods of calculating Kt/V as the marker of adequacy of dialysis
Authors: Mateen Fazl e , Ahmad Sajad , Elahi Irfan , Anees Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objectives: To compare different methods of calculating adequacy of hemodialysis in terms of Kt/V.

Methods: This was an observational, quantitative study undertaken after the approval of Internal Review Board at the Hemodialysis Unit of Nephrology department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st December 2018 to 30th June 2019. Sixty hemodynamically stable patients of end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for more than three months with age 18 to 70 years were included in the study by convenience non probability sampling. Critically ill patients with multiple co-morbidities like sepsis (i.e. total leukocyte count >11000 or <4000 x 109/L), ischemic heart disease, pace- makers, malignancies, cirrhosis etc were excluded. Patients who were not adherent to dialysis prescription or hemodynamically unstable were also excluded. One way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were used to find correlation between three methods of measuring Kt/V.

Results: Mean ultrafiltration was 2.1+ 0.76 liter/session. Pre dialysis weight was 64.7 +14.7 kgs, mean post dialysis weight was 62.5 + 14.7 kgs. For every patient blood flow rate was 300 ml/m and dialysis flow rate was 500 ml/min. The mean values of Kt/V measured by Daugirdas formula was 1.35 ± 0.33, mean online clearance monitoring (OCM) value was 1.17 ± 0.29 and by normogram was 1.36 ± 0.33. There was positive significant correlation between values of Daugirdas formula, Normogram and online clearance monitoring (OCM) i.e. r = 0.897 (p-value < 0.001) measured by Pearson’s correlation and one way-ANOVA.

Conclusion: Online clearance monitoring can be used for measuring adequacy of hemodialysis, but OCM slightly underestimates Kt/V as compared to Daugirdas formula and Normogram.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4281

How to cite this:Fazl-e-Mateen, Ahmad S, Elahi I, Anees M. Comparison between different methods of calculating Kt/V as the marker of adequacy of dialysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(1):167-171. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.1.4281

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Συνεργατικά - διαδικτυακά εργαλεία στην εκπαίδευση
Authors: Σεραλίδου Ελένη
Published: December 2021

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή προσεγγίζονται διάφοροι τρόποι μάθησης και ενίσχυσης της γνώσης υπό το πρίσμα της σύγχρονης τεχνολογικής εξέλιξης, δεδομένου ότι οι επιρροές στη μάθηση και στον τρόπο διδασκαλίας από τις νέες τεχνολογικές τάσεις είναι πλέον εμφανείς. Κινητήριος δύναμη αποτελεί η διερεύνηση του εύρους και του βάθους της κατάκτησης της γνώσης όταν η μάθηση επιτυγχάνεται με προσεγγίσεις διδασκαλίας που συνδυάζουν διαθέσιμα εργαλεία και τεχνικές μάθησης. Μια τέτοιου είδους μελέτη αποκαλύπτει πτυχές και ιδιαιτερότητες που μπορεί να οδηγήσουν στην ανάπτυξη νέων τεχνικών και εργαλείων μετάδοσης και κατάκτησης της γνώσης.Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, πραγματοποιείται αρχικά η θεωρητική προσέγγιση των διαφορετικών τρόπων, θεωριών και τύπων της σύγχρονης μάθησης, με έμφαση στη συνεργασία και την αξιοποίηση νέων τεχνολογιών. Συγκεκριμένα για τη συνεργασία, τα θέματα που καλύπτονται αφορούν τη συνεργασία μεταξύ των εκπαιδευτικών και μεταξύ των μαθητών με τους εκπαιδευτικούς, εστιάζοντας και αξιοποιώντας διάφορα θεωρητικά πλαίσια και τεχνικές υποστήριξης και ενίσχυσης της μάθησης. Επιπλέον, η εκτενής βιβλιογραφική έρευνα για τις σύγχρονες συνεργατικές τάσεις και τα σύγχρονα συνεργατικά περιβάλλοντα στην εκπαίδευση, που πραγματοποιήθηκε στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας διατριβής, οδήγησε στην παραγωγή μιας σειράς εκπαιδευτικών δραστηριοτήτων που αξιοποιούν τα διαθέσιμα εκπαιδευτικά περιβάλλοντα και πλαισιώνονται από τις κατάλληλες θεωρίες μάθησης.Συνεχίζοντας στο ίδιο πλαίσιο, σχεδιάστηκαν, υλοποιήθηκαν, αξιολογήθηκαν ή/και εφαρμόστηκαν εκπαιδευτικές εφαρμογές για την υποστήριξη και την προώθηση της συνεργασίας και της μάθησης στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία κατά τη διάρκεια εκπόνησης της παρούσας διατριβής. Οι εφαρμογές αυτές, κατά το σχεδιασμό τους, πλαισιώθηκαν από θεωρίες μάθησης και θεωρητικά πλαίσια ώστε να είναι κατάλληλες για την εκπαίδευση. Επιπρόσθετα, δημιουργήθηκε σχετικό εκπαιδευτικό υλικό για κάθε μία από τις εφαρμογές που υλοποιήθηκαν προκειμένου να καλυφθούν οι εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες διαφόρων μαθημάτων όλων των βαθμίδων της εκπαίδευσης. Το εκπαιδευτικό υλικό αφορά στο περιεχόμενο της κάθε εφαρμογής, που έρχεται σε απόλυτη συμφωνία με την επίσημη διδακτέα ύλη για κάθε περίπτωση, καθώς και στην δημιουργία εκπαιδευτικών σεναρίων και φύλλων εργασίας όπου οι διδασκόμενοι δημιουργούν τις δικές τους εφαρμογές. Οι εκπαιδευτικές εφαρμογές, η αξιολογήσή τους και το συνοδευτικό εκπαιδευτικό υλικό περιγράφονται αναλυτικά ανά περίπτωση. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η παρούσα διατριβή εστιάζει στα μαθήματα της Πληροφορικής, χωρίς να αποκλείει την επέκταση και σε άλλα εκπαιδευτικά αντικείμενα, και στην υποστήριξη και πλαισίωσή τους με κατάλληλα εκπαιδευτικά λογισμικά και εκπαιδευτικά σενάρια που εντοπίστηκαν ή σχεδιάστηκαν και υλοποιήθηκαν γι’ αυτό το σκοπό.
“Estonian Elegy” by Jüri Talvet: A Vision of an Ethnical Perspective via Forgiveness and Love
Authors: Kërbizi Marisa
Published: December 2021

“Estonian Elegy” by Jüri Talvet: A Vision of an Ethnical Perspective via Forgiveness and Love
The Limits of Dreams’ Kingdom: Contemporary Lithuanian Literature
Authors: Peluritytė Audinga
Published: December 2021

The Limits of Dreams’ Kingdom: Contemporary Lithuanian Literature
Poetics of Irrationalism in A. H. Tammsaare’s Work
Authors: Vaino Maarja
Published: December 2021

Poetics of Irrationalism in A. H. Tammsaare’s Work
Symbols as Means of Creating Cultural Communication and Identity. The Estonian Case
Authors: Veidemann Rein
Published: December 2021

In the present article my main interest is to find out which kind of role symbols play in the self-description of Estonian culture and in the internal communication and how the “cultural formatting” of the society has occurred.
End of Irony? Estonian Literature after Postmodernism
Authors: Viires Piret
Published: December 2021

In their work published in 2001, “After Postmodernism” (López, Potter 2001), the editors Garry Potter and José López claim that postmodernism was the most influential intellectual trend of the last third of the 20th century, and one of the central trends in the Western cultural-theoretical thinking since the 1960s. Postmodernism managed to grasp the spirit of the time and at the same time challenge self-confidence, presented by the mind, objectivity and knowledge (ib. 3). At the same time the authors have to admit that by the beginning of the 21st century the heyday of postmodernism had passed, postmodernism was in the “stage of decline” and “out of fashion” (ib. 4). Today, in 2011, we have to admit that the early-decade prediction of Potter and López has come true; postmodern society is retreating and the postmodernist theory is on the decline and losing its central role.
Totality of semiosphere
Authors: Chebanov Sergey V.
Published: December 2021

Review: Jesper Hoffmeyer, Signs of Meaning in the Universe
Память текста и текст как память
Authors: Pärli Ülle
Published: December 2021

Teksti mälu ja tekst kui mälu
Strategic Approaches to Planning School Development and Improving Educational Outcomes
Authors: Chernilevskaya O.
Published: December 2021

The article presents an example of strategic planning of school development in order to improve educational results. The author provides arguments and justifications for the choice of specific strategic approaches from understanding the categories of "school performance", "development factors", "management team", "social capital", "innovative activity" to researching the potential of the school, specific management decisions, demonstrating the structure and content developed development models. The material of the article reflects in detail the strategy of planning the educational process in a particular school in terms of development. The model of the innovative project "Educational Navigator" is described. A model of intraschool education quality assessment is presented. The article provides examples of the results of the study.
The Level and Specifics of Intercultural Sensitivity of the Russian Students Attending Chinese Universities
Authors: Reva T.
Published: December 2021

Studies on intercultural sensitivity as an affective aspect of intercultural competence have been gaining increasing attention in today’s globalized world where representatives of different countries and cultural groups are supposed to function effectively and supportively in various spheres of life. This paper has reported some of the research results indicating the level and specifics of intercultural sensitivity of the Russian students attending Chinese universities. Building students’ intercultural sensitivity is an essential aspect of the Chinese language and culture teaching experience. Practical recommendations have been provided for increasing the students’ level of intercultural sensitivity in order to reduce stress and avoid conflict situations in multinational educational organizations.
Editorial
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Dear reader,
take a look outside your window: the snow is starting to fall and winter is just around the corner, with the holidays, gifts and the New Year not far behind. In turn, the authors across the globe, in the beautiful Dominican Republic are entering an entirely different season, inviting us to join them in their investigation of a bifactor model applied on emotional disposition measures emphasizing the specification of a general factor through the identification of specific responses or indicators that can account for the commonality between depression, anxiety and anger..

We wish you nice and satisfactory read
A letter to the Editor. International initiatives focusing on training in the use of the ICD-11 chapter on mental disorders
Authors: Perris Francesco
Published: December 2021

bez streszczenia
Holenderski Podręcznik do porządkowania i opisu archiwów autorstwa S. Mullera, J. Feitha i R. Fruina z 1898 roku i jego późniejsze wydania
Authors: Nowak Łukasz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Wydany w 1898 r. holenderski Podręcznik do porządkowania i opisu archiwów S. Mullera, J. Feitha i R. Fruina jest jedną z najbardziej przełomowych publikacji w historii archiwistyki. Książka jako jedna z pierwszych na świecie podaje szczegółowe wskazówki odnośnie do organizacji archiwów i pracy archiwistów, a jej autorzy mieli na celu ujednolicenie zasad panujących w archiwach europejskich. Dzięki tłumaczeniom dokonanym na języki obce podręcznik wzbudził szerokie zainteresowanie poza Holandią i wywołał dyskusję na temat zasadności stosowania w archiwach zasady proweniencji. Ostatecznie stał się również motorem napędowym do jej przyjęcia przez większość europejskich archiwów, czego wyrazem była uchwała w tej sprawie podjęta na I Międzynarodowym Kongresie Archiwistów i Bibliotekarzy w Brukseli w 19010 r. Artykuł odpowiada na pytania o to, jaki był kontekst historyczny napisania podręcznika, jakie motywy kierowały autorami przy pisaniu poszczególnych rozdziałów i jaki był przebieg prac edytorskich. Dalsza część tekstu zawiera prezentację i analizę treści przedstawionych w książce. Ostatnia część artykułu stanowi krótkie omówienie kontekstu powstania poszczególnych wydań podręcznika oraz zawiera wykaz jego tłumaczeń na języki obce.
Prawdziwa depresja i paternalizm kliniczny: etnografia realności diagnostycznej depresji w publicznej służbie zdrowia w Polsce
Authors: Sokół Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest etnograficznym studium procesów diagnostycznych zaburzeń depresyjnych we współczesnej Polsce i ich zmian po transformacji ustrojowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem strategii podejmowanych przez lekarzy. Opierając się na badaniach etnograficznych prowadzonych w kontekstach klinicznych, artykuł omawia problem relacji między kategoriami diagnostycznymi a ich przedmiotami, odwołując się do pojęć realności i urealnienia. O ile zmiany klasyfikacji diagnostycznej od lat 90. XX wieku miały na celu zacieśnienie tej relacji, o tyle w praktyce klinicznej pozostaje ona luźna i nieoczywista. Przyczyniają się do tego nie tylko specyficzna ontologia zaburzeń psychicznych, którą trudno w pełni sprowadzić do obiektywnie wymierzalnych objawów, ale także kilka innych czynników: specyficzne zmiany w filozofii klasyfikacji diagnostycznych, wielowymiarowość diagnoz jako narzędzi klinicznych, administracyjnych i finansowych, oraz ich referencyjna natura, konotująca optymalne, choć nieosiągalne standardy opieki. Wpływa na to także pragmatyka pracy klinicznej i ograniczone zasoby samych pacjentów, które czynią z diagnoz narzędzie nieformalnych, instrumentalnych działań i „paternalizmu medycznego” lekarzy w odpowiedzi na braki w systemie opieki.
Z niedrukowanych materiałów rękopiśmiennych Bolesława Prusa – trzy fragmenty opowiadania o Antosiu i Józi
Authors: Bordzoł Piotr
Published: December 2021

Tematem artykułu jest niepublikowany dotąd, nieomówiony w literaturze przedmiotu autograf trzech fragmentów opowiadania o Antosiu i Józi Bolesława Prusa. Materiał, przechowywany w Bibliotece m.st. Warszawy, Bibliotece Głównej Województwa Mazowieckiego, składa się z 34 kart, trzech fragmentów paginowanych ręką autora. W artykule podjęto próbę usytuowania fragmentów na tle innych tekstów pisarza, w tym tych niepublikowanych, a także określenia ram czasowych powstania autografu. Postarano się również odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy pomysł fabularny opowiadania o Antosiu i Józi jest odkrywczy na tle twórczości pisarza, czy nawiązuje do innych utworów Prusa, czy może jest powieleniem znanych schematów fabularno-kompozycyjnych.
Wyzwolenie obozu koncentracyjnego Bergen-Belsen (1945). Relacje świadków
Authors: Gardocki Wiktor
Published: December 2021

Obóz koncentracyjny Bergen-Belsen został wyzwolony przez Brytyjczyków 15 kwietnia 1945 roku. W ciągu kilku następnych tygodni próbowano ratować przetrzymywane tam osoby, jednak w wielu wypadkach się to nie udało. Pierwsze dni w dawnym obozie zostały opisane przez reporterów, fotografów czy personel medyczny, jak również byłych więźniów. Z raportów, zapisków i innych dokumentów sporządzanych na bieżąco, a także ze wspomnień napisanych w latach powojennych wyłania się rzeczywisty, tragiczny stan niemieckiego obozu w kwietniu 1945 roku.

W prezentowanym artykule zestawiono relacje świadków: zarówno ocalonych, jak i ludzi, którzy do ich uwolnienia się przyczynili, próbując ukazać, jak wyglądało wyzwolenie obozu, a także jak wyglądała sytuacja w nim panująca w następnych miesiącach. W tekście przywołano materiały archiwalne odnalezione podczas kwerendy przeprowadzonej w 2019 i 2020 roku w Yad Vashem. The World Holocaust Remebrnce Center w Jerozolimie oraz Żydowskim Instytucie Historycznym w Warszawie.
Damaris Masham, Ralph Cudworth and John Locke: Some Philosophical Continuities
Authors: Hutton Sarah
Published: December 2021

In this paper, I focus on Damaris Masham, to re-consider the relationship of her philosophy to the two philosophers with whom she was most closely associated: John Locke, and her father, the Cambridge Platonist, Ralph Cudworth. After considering some of the problems of interpretation which have arisen in scholarly debates, I focus her Occasional Thoughts to highlight continuities with both Locke and Cudworth in her epistemology, moral philosophy and metaphysics. I argue these show that Damaris Masham’s philosophy does not fit the received categories of empiricist or rationalist of the dominant narrative. Her position requires us to reconsider not just the relationship of her philosophy to that of Cudworth and Locke, but also of the relationship of Cudworth and Locke. Ultimately, therefore, reintegrating women into the history of philosophy challenges us to rethink standard narratives of the history of philosophy.
Una écfrasis “en acción”: pasadizos intermediales en la poesía española actual.
Authors: Bagué Quílez Luis
Published: December 2021

Este artículo propone una aproximación al fenómeno ecfrástico en la poesía española actual a partir de dos categorías. Por un lado, destaca una “écfrasis en movimiento”, que recrea determinados universos pictóricos a través de técnicas como la deconstrucción de la imagen en segmentos autónomos, el collage narrativo o la ruptura de las expectativas. Por otro lado, cabe mencionar una “écfrasis en acción”, que se inspira en referentes intermediales para desafiar los límites textuales y apropiarse de los códigos performativos del arte contemporáneo. Ambas modalidades demuestran la rentabilidad explicativa de la écfrasis, al tiempo que sustituyen la orientación descriptiva por la libertad interpretativa y la fidelidad mimética por la fabulación lírica
Głusi i tłumacze PJM o tłumaczeniu języka migowego w Polsce kiedyś i dziś
Authors: Kalata-Zawłocka Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Sign Language Interpreting in the Opinions of Deaf Persons and Polish Sign Language Interpreters

The article presents the results of a research conducted among 12 deaf people and 11 Polish sign language interpreters, aimed at depicting the state-of-the-art situation of sign language interpreting in Poland while it simultaneously reflects upon the past as well. The interviewees reported on the changes in this area over the last twenty-five years. According to them, situation in Poland has improved significantly with regard to language, interpreting as such, legal-administrative and social issues. Still, in many respects sign language interpreting needs further improvement in order to attain full accessibility for deaf persons as well as full professionalisation for sign language interpreters.
Słownictwo obozowe w przekładzie ustnym na terenie Państwowego Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau w opiniach tłumaczy i hiszpańskojęzycznych zwiedzających
Authors: Paleczna Marta
Published: December 2021

Nazi Concentration Camp Vocabulary in Oral Interpreting in the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in the Opinion of Interpreters and Spanish-Speaking Visitors

The article presents some of the results obtained as part of multi-stage research project that was carried out in 2018-2020. Its purpose was to collect information on interpreting performed for visitors at the Auschwitz- Birkenau State Museum. The article discusses the difficulty of translating the camp vocabulary when performing the above-mentioned interpreting. Thirty interpreters shared their views on the oral translation as well as 96 visitors, for whom the information during the tour was provided by a Spanish speaking interpreter.
STR: Seasonal-Trend Decomposition Using Regression
Authors: Dokumentov Alexander , Hyndman Rob J.
Published: December 2021

We propose a new method for decomposing seasonal data: a seasonal-trend decomposition using regression (STR). Unlike other decomposition methods, STR allows for multiple seasonal and cyclic components, covariates, seasonal patterns that may have noninteger periods, and seasonality with complex topology. It can be used for time series with any regular time index, including hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly data. It is competitive with existing methods when they exist and tackles many more decomposition problems than other methods allow. STR is based on a regularized optimization and so is somewhat related to ridge regression. Because it is based on a statistical model, we can easily compute confidence intervals for components, something that is not possible with most existing decomposition methods (such as seasonal-trend decomposition using Loess, X-12-ARIMA, SEATS-TRAMO, etc.). Our model is implemented in the R package stR, so it can be applied by anyone to their own data.
In Search of Inspiration: External Mobility and the Emergence of Technology Intrapreneurs
Authors: Ng Weiyi , Sherman Eliot L.
Published: December 2021

Recent scholarship has established several ways in which external hiring—versus filling a role with a comparable internal candidate—is detrimental to firms. Yet, organizational learning theory suggests that external hires benefit firms: by importing knowledge that is unavailable or obscured to insiders and applying it toward experimentation and risky recombination. Accordingly and consistent with studies of learning by hiring and innovation, we predict that external hires are at greater risk of intrapreneurship than internal hires. We test this prediction via a study of product managers in large technology companies. We use machine learning to operationalize intrapreneurship by comparing product manager job descriptions with the founding statements of venture-backed technology entrepreneurs. Our research design employs coarsened exact matching to balance pretreatment covariates between product managers who arrived at their roles internally versus externally. The results of our analysis indicate that externally hired product managers are substantially more intrapreneurial than observably equivalent internal hires. However, we also find that intrapreneurial product managers have a higher turnover rate, an effect that is primarily driven by external hires. This suggests that hiring for intrapreneurship may be a difficult strategy to sustain.

Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from London Business School, the National University of Singapore [Grant WBS R-313-000-128-133], and a dissertation grant from the Ewing Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1530 .
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Causing Hypopituitarism Can Imaging Help Diagnosis and Management?
Authors: Khan Uzma , Borg Anton , Beltechi Radu , Mehta Hiten , Robbins Timothy , Randeva Harpal , Machenahalli Pratibha
Published: December 2021

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the hypothalamus and pituitary are rare. They usually remain clinically silent until onset of compressive features affecting surrounding structures. When symptomatic, patients most commonly present with diabetes insipidus, headaches, ophthalmoplegia and/or bilateral hemianopia.  We report a case of a 67-year-old Caucasian female with a history of B-cell lymphoma in complete remission. She presented with left oculomotor nerve palsy and was subsequently found to have a sellar/suprasellar mass lesion on MRI. Alongside hypocortisolism and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, she developed transient diabetes insipidus during her illness. Her clinical course was characterized by rapid intracranial progression of the sellar mass. MR spectroscopy suggested a diagnosis of lymphoma. Diagnostic biopsy confirmed high-grade diffuse large B-cell CNS lymphoma; this changed the definitive management from surgical excision to chemotherapy. Despite treatment, she succumbed to her illness within 7 months of initial presentation. This case highlights the aggressive nature of CNS lymphomas and the need for a high index of suspicion in an unusual presentation of sellar/suprasellar mass lesions.
An Overview on the Use of Response Surface Methodology to Model and Optimize Extraction Processes in the Food Industry
Authors: Tirado-Kulieva Vicente Amirpasha , Sánchez-Chero Manuel , Yarlequé Mario Villegas , Villegas Aguilar Gretell Fiorela , Carrión-Barco Gilberto , Ygnacio Santa Cruz Abraham Guillermo , Sánchez-Chero José
Published: December 2021

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a widely used tool for modeling and optimization for food processes. The objective of this review is to evaluate recent findings on the use of RSM in the extraction of compounds from agri-food products. First, the steps for the application of RSM were briefly detailed. According to the analysis performed, RSM is suitable because it evaluates the effects of the independent variables and their interactions on the responses, which is ideal for the optimization of different techniques for the extraction of multiple bioactive compounds and therefore, in the various studies, has allowed to significantly increase the yield and even the biological activities of the extracts; however, RSM has limitations and considering the complexity and dynamics of foods, the challenge is much greater. In this sense, it was determined that simultaneous use with other techniques is necessary in order to optimally describe the process and obtain more accurate results.