bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Khasiat dan Profil Kromatogram Fraksi Aktif dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) yang Diiradiasi
Authors: Katrin Ermin , Jacobs Setiananda , Winarno Hendig
Published: August 2019

The mangosteen fruit peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) are used as anti-infl ammatory, antihistamine, treatment of heart disease, antibacterial, antifungal, it is also used for the treatment or therapy of cancer, because it has a cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Most of Indonesian people have used the mangosteen fruit peel and they produce mangosteen peel into powder or herbal medicine industry has produced its extract in capsules. Efforts to preserve dried mangosteen rind has done by heating process or by gamma irradiation technique. This study aimed to study the effect of gamma irradiation on cytotoxicity activity of extracts and active fractions mangosteen fruit peel against L1210 leukemia cells and chromatogram profi le of extracts and active fractions of the mangosteen fruit peel. Dry powder mangosteen rind irradiated using gamma irradiation dose of 5; 7.5; 10; and 15 kGy. Then each sample was successive macerated in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each extract was tested cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia cells. The ethyl acetate extract was most active extract (IC50 = 4.17 mg/mL) compared with n-hexane extract (IC50 = 8.29 mg/mL) and ethanol extract (IC50 = 7.52 mg/mL). Fractionation of ethyl acetate extract by column chromatography were obtained 6 fractions. The result of cytotoxicity test showed that fraction 1 was the most active fraction (IC50 = 3.97 mg/mL), it was it was still categorized as potential anticancer (IC50 ≤ 20 mg/mL). Profi le chromatogram of fraction 1 with TLC-densitometry showed patches of discoloration on irradiation dose of 10 and 15 kGy. The results of analysis by HPLC fraction 1 showed a decrease of peak area at a dose of 10 kGy was signifi cantly different from the control. Based on the chromatogram profi le of fraction 1 and itscytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia cells, so the maximum dose of 7.5 kGy gamma irradiation can  beap plied on irradiation of mangosteen fruit peel without changing its effi cacy as anti-cancer agent.
Self-Medication With Analgesic Among Surabaya, East Java Communities
Authors: Halim Stevan Victoria , Prayitno S Antonius Adji , Wibowo Yosi Irawati
Published: August 2019

Self-medication is one of the patient's efforts to treat the symptoms or health problems with drug without using a prescription. The most often class of drugs used as self-medication is analgesic (36,2-59,0%). Aim of this study is to describe analgesic self-medication profile among East Surabaya communities, especially Mulyorejo subdistrict. This study is an observational descriptive study that involving 225 patients from 9 pharmacies. The data were collected by using validated questionnaire contains sociodemographic profiles, the frequency of using analgesic, and analgesic profiles purchased by the patients. The data analyze was perfomed by comparing the average of analgesic self-medication frequency based on the patients sociodemographic profiles. The results showed that the average frequency of analgesic used as self-medication is 10.71 (95% CI 8.81-12.60) times a month. The average frequency of analgesic used as self-medication may differ based on sociodemographic profiles. Male patients, elderly, low education level, unemployed, low income (< 2 million), living alone/ divorce, having history of smoking or drinking alcohol showed a higher average frequency of self-medication than the other groups. The results of the study related to analgesic profile showed the majority of patients (80.00%) bought 1 type of analgesic. The most common analgesic group (67.03%) purchased by the patient is Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Headache (42.22%) is a symptom that often encourages patients to use analgesic as self-medication. Based on the results of the study, education about the use of analgesic as self-medication can be more focused on groups of patients with a particular sociodemographic background and NSAIDs drug groups. It aims to avoid the less responsible use of analgesic as self-medication.
Off-Label Prescribing in Pediatric Inpatients With Pneumonia in a Children's Hospitaal
Authors: Ramadaniati Hesty Utami , Safarini Heni , Regine Aishah A
Published: August 2019

Off-label is a term used in which a  drug prescribed outside the official information of the marketing authorization.  Off-label prescribing may occur as the result of several factors including  lack of clinical trials data involving pediatrics and suitable formulations for medicines commonly prescribed to this fragile population. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the nature and prevalence of off-label prescribing in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia. Material and Methods: a retrospective study was conducted in a study hospital using medical records from pediatric inpatients with pneumonia during the period of January-December 2015. Patient and prescribing data were collected, and drugs were classified as on-label or off-label based on the Indonesia National Drug Information (IONI) and British National Formulary for Children (BNFC). Thereafter, off-label drugs were categorized with a hierarchical system of age, indication, route of administration and dosage. Results: There were 1141 drugs with 77 different types of drug were administered to 207 patient during the study period. The data uncovered that 405 (35,5%) of the drug prescriptions were used off-label based on IONI, and 319 (28%) of the drug were used off-label based on BNFC. Based on IONI and BNFC, most off-label drugs were from anti infection drugs. Conclusion: The prevalence of off-label use in pediatric inpatients with pneumonia is not high. The off-label prescribing may not be necessarily  be considered irrational, yet this fact reveals that the use of drugs does not comply with the drug label. Clinical trials for pediatric drugs are essential to provide  complete product information for pediatric use.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Kulit Batang Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) Van Royen)
Authors: Octaviani Melzi , Syafrina Syafrina
Published: August 2019

Sawo (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) merupakan tanaman yang hidup di daerah tropis, berbuah sepanjang tahun dan penyebarannya cukup luas di Indonesia. Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada daun dan kulit batang sawo yaitu flavonoid, fenolik dan saponin yang diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstraketanol daun dan kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25% dan 3,125%, serta kontrol positif klindamisin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol daun sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,18±0,13 mm dan 15,33±0,25 mm. Sedangkan diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada pengujian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sawo terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes dengan konsentrasi 50% masing-masing adalah 14,22±0,15 mm dan 18,30±0,23 mm. Hasil analisis data menggunakan statistik ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun dan kulit batang sawo memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Propionibacterium acnes.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN FESTIVAL PALANG PINTU SEBAGAI ATRAKSI WISATA BUDAYA DI KAWASAN KEMANG JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: Dwi Hartono Indri , Firmansyah Riza
Published: August 2019

Palang Pintu Festival is an annual program organized by Forkabi (Betawi Children's Communication Forum) DPRT Bangka Kemang and Betawi Cultural Center namely Padepokan Manggar Kelape featuring Betawi culture and performing arts and community participation. The purpose of the festival is to preserve and introduce Betawi culture in Kemang area. This study discusses the elements of cultural tourism and the form of community participation in the Palang Pintu Festival. Data collection methods used were observations, surveys using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation then analyzed and presented in quanititative manner and supported by qualitative data, where the results will be presented in the percentage number. Technique of data analysis used in this research is with validity test, reliability test and also use rank spearman analysis method. The result of this research shows that the characteristic of society is seen from the age type dominated by the age of 15-25 years as much as 39 % and the sexes, both men and women are the same size because this research uses roscoe theory in determining the number of respondents, if the sample is divided into 2 then Per sub sample to 30 respondents respectively. The level of community participation in the Palang Pintu Festival is at a moderate level, this is because the community participating in the Kemang area is more interested if the activities are rewarded. For a community characteristic relationship with participation does not have a strong relationship or it can be said has nothing to do in participation with the characteristics of society in any category. Because of all the people who participated in the Palang Pintu Festival plays an important role in preserving and introducing Betawi Culture to the wider community.
ANALISIS LAWANG SEWU SEBAGAI DESTINASI DARK TOURISM TERHADAP PENGALAMAN WISATAWAN NUSANTARA (STUDI KASUS BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH LAWANG SEWU)
Authors: Darmawan Fahrurozy , Mellina Novinda , P. Mbulu Yustisia
Published: August 2019

This research’s purpose is to identify and analyze how Lawang Sewu as a Dark Tourism Destination towards domestic tourists’ motivation. So it can explain that Lawang Sewu is indicated as a dark tourism destination towards domestic tourists’ exoerience. The research design used in this research is qualitative descriptive, by making use of the secondary and primary data. The data collection methods that used are observation in Lawang Sewu, interview with the Dinas Pariwisata Kota Semarang, Lawang Sewu Manager, Lawang Sewu tour guide and domestic tourists, documentation, and purposive sampling which is the technique in determining the informants. The results of this research show that the attraction that is dark tourism indicated in Lawang Sewu is the underground room and domestic tourists’ experience who visit Lawang Sewu varies, before visiting, the tourists felt curious and when they are at Lawang Sewu they experience shock.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PULAU UNTUNG JAWA
Authors: Andri  , Puspita Nungky , Darmawan Fahrurozy
Published: August 2019

Pembangunan kepariwisataan Indonesia dilaksanakan berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan. Pembangunan kepariwisataan diwujudkan melalui pelaksanaan rencana pembangunan kepariwisataan dengan memperhatikan keanekaragaman, keunikan dan kekhasan budaya dan alam, serta kebutuhan manusia untuk berwisata. Community Based Tourism merupakan model pengembangan pariwisata yang berasumsi bahwa pariwisata harus berangkat dari kesadaran nilai-nilai kebutuhan masyarakat sebagai upaya membangun pariwisata lebih bermanfaat bagi kebutuhan, inisiatif dan peluang bagi masyarakat lokal. Dalam Penelitian ini penulis menggunakan Desain Deskriptif (Descriptive Design) Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif bertujuan menggambarkan secara tepat sifat-sifat suatu individu, keadaan, gejala atau kelompok tertentu, atau untuk menentukan frekuensi atau penyebaran suatu gejala atau frekuensi adanya hubungan tertentu antara suatu gejala dan gejala lain dalam masyarakat. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini merupakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan strategi dalam pengembangan wisata berbasis masyarakat menggunakan analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, dan Threat) berdasarkan faktor strategi eksternal (EFAS) dan faktor strategi internal (IFAS). Staregi S- T (Strenghs-Threats) merupakan strategi diversifikasi dengan memaksimalkan kekuatan kawasan untuk meminimalisir ancaman di Pulau Untung Jawa.
Tingkat partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Wisata Alam di Curug Bidadari
Authors: Rachmawati Intan , Firmansyah Riza
Published: August 2019

Community participation is the participation of a person in a social group to take part in the ctivities of his community, outside his own work or profession. This study aims to see the characteristics of society, the level of community participation in the development of nature tourism in Curug Bidadari and the relationship of characteristics and levels of community participation. Methods of data collection conducted by distributing questionnaires, interviews, observation and literature study. The data obtained are then analyzed and presented quantitatively and supported by qualitative data, where the results will be expressed in percentage numbers. Data analysis techniques used in this study is to test the validity, reliability test and use the method of spearman rank analysis. The result of research shows that the characteristics of the society are seen in terms of age dominated by the age of 30-40 years as much as 40%, gender in female domination as much as 52%, education in dominance of high school graduates as much as 34% and work in entrepreneurial dominance by 44%. The level of community participation around Curug Bidadari falls into the moderate category of 85% and the relationship of the community participation variable to the characteristics of society as a whole has a very weak relationship. The development of public participation tourism is still less than the maximum due to lack of public understanding of the importance of participation in tourism development activities.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE PADA LANJUT USIA
Authors: Nurhaedah Nurhaedah
Published: August 2019

Latar belakang indikator keberhasilan pembangunan nasional adalah meningkatnya derajat kesehatan. Derajat kesehatan suatu negara dapat diukur dengan melihat tingkat kesakitan dan tingkat kematian yang disebabkan oleh umur dan usia harapan hidup. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian diare pada lansia. Metode jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study. Penelitian cross sectional adalah suatu penelitian dimana variable yang termasuk factor resiko dan variable yang termasuk efek diobservasi pada waktu yang sama. Hasil melalui uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square dibuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan air bersih, jamban keluarga, pengelolaan sampah keluarga dan SPAL dengan kejadian diare pada lanjut usia. Kesimpulan kepada lanjut usia agar menggunakan air dari sumber yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan sebaiknya air yang hendak dikonsumsi dimasak terlebih dahulu serta menyediakan wadah khusus yang memiliki penutup sebagai tempat untuk menyimpan air agar air tidak terkontaminsai. Kepada lanjut usia agar menggunakan jamban keluarga yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan serta memperhatikan letak jamban agar tidak mengkontaminasi makanan, air dan tanah disekitarnya.
Tantangan Menghasilkan Diklat yang Berkualitas dan Berdampak Luas
Authors: Madjid Noor Cholis
Published: August 2019

Kualitas organisasi tercermin dari keberhasilan organisasi tersebut menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya. Lembaga diklat akan dihargai dan diapresiasi kinerjanya apabila mampu menyediakan dan menyelenggarakan diklat yang berkualitas sesuai dengan ekspektasi stake holder yang dilayaninya. Unit organisasi sebagai stake holder Lembaga diklat senantiasa beradaptasi dan terus berinovasi untuk menghasilkan kinerja yang berkualitas dan untuk itu semua diperlukan kualitas SDM yang tinggi. Badan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan  dituntut untuk menyediakan diklat yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan dan dengan kualitas  yang prima. Tulisan ini merupakan pemikiran penulis dengan melakukan pengamatan dan studi kepustakaan terkait dengan diklat yang telah dilaksanakan pada Pusdiklat Anggaran dan Perbendaharan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian penulis, terdapat diklat yang dari sisi kuantitas tidak begitu banyak namun berdampak luas (impactfull) dan mempengaruhi kebijakan di level Kementerian. Dengan mengacu pada diklat yang impactfull ini diharapkan dapat menjadi best practice  diklat yang berkualitas tinggi. Selanjutnya Badan Diklat yang ada di seluruh Kementerian diharapkan mampu mendesain dan melaksanakan diklat berkualitas tinggi dan memberikan dampak yang besar bagi stake holder yang dilayaninya.
Analisis Kebutuhan dan Kondisi Jabatan Fungsional di Lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Soviyanti Novi
Published: August 2019

The study presented in this paper is to analyze Functional Position which is an alternative in the career development of civil servants, in addition to structural positions such as supervisors, administrators, and high leadership positions. Being a functional official must have certain skills and skills and carry out specific work independently and by their skills and skills. This study aims to identify the needs and conditions of functional positions within the Regional Secretariat of West Java Province. The research method used is a qualitative method, which intends to understand and examine holistic phenomena about functional positions. The results of this study are the identification of the needs and conditions of functional positions, including librarians, staff analysts, and legislators, which can then be used to formulate functional position formations, especially within the West Java Provincial Secretariat. Abstrak Studi yang disajikan dalam makalah ini adalah  menganalisis Jabatan Fungsional yang merupakan alternatif dalam pengembangan karier PNS, disamping jabatan struktural seperti  pengawas, administrator dan jabatan pimpinan tinggi. Menjadi pejabat fungsional harus  memiliki keahlian dan keterampilan tertentu serta melaksanakan pekerjaan yang spesifik secara mandiri dan sesuai dengan keahlian dan keterampilannya tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan kondisi jabatan fungsional di lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, yang bermaksud untuk memahami dan meneliti fenomena secara holistik tentang jabatan fungsional. Hasil penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasinya kebutuhan dan kondisi jabatan fungsional, diantaranya adalah Pustakawan, Analis Kepegawaian dan Perancang Peraturan  perundang-undangan, yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk menyusun formasi jabatan fungsional, khususnya di lingkungan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Authors: Torres-Rodriguez Martin Ignacio
Published: August 2019

Este artigo esta baseado nas multiples vivencias de três mulheres afro americanas imigrantes na cidade de Santiago do Chile, provenientes de Colômbia e Equador. Gerando um texto com visão geográfica cultural, entendendo os processos de discriminação-xenofobia que têm vivenciado as entrevistadas, gerando uma analises na revisão bibliográfica referente à cultura e contexto social atual do pais. Alias, se indaga na discriminação por gênero e raça das entrevistadas, fundamentando a pesquisa em exponentes da geografia e filosofia feminista como Foucault, Butler, Duncan, Silva e Soto. Justificando a temática da raça na geografia baseando-se na bibliografia brasileira, a qual tem tido uma amplia gama de leituras sobre preconceito por raça e/ou cor das pessoas; assim como também agora nas novas leituras brasileiras da ultima década, tem gerado uma importante reflexão sobre a raça e o gênero, com expoentes como Ornat, Ratts, Junior e Abramo.
Authors: Ferreira Danilo Cardoso , Camargos Naiara Maria de Sousa
Published: August 2019

O Cerrado ocupa a porção central do Brasil, possui uma grande disponibilidade de águas subterrâneas, sendo considerado o “berço das águas” onde concentra um terço da biodiversidade brasileira, mas nos últimos anos, vem sofrendo um acelerado processo de degradação devido ao crescimento das cidades nele localizadas, principalmente pela expansão da agricultura e da pecuária. A ocupação acelerada e desordenada do bioma Cerrado e a expansão agrícola baseada num modelo de exploração vêm transformando as paisagens e os modos de vida das populações tradicionais, causando impactos ambientais e sociais neste Bioma. No primeiro momento foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso e ocupação do Cerrado e posteriormente, sobre Sistemas Agroflorestais, por conseguinte foi feita uma análise das características sociais, ambientais e econômicas da área de estudo, bem como a viabilidade de implantação de SAF em áreas do Cerrado. Este trabalho traz como proposta os Sistemas Agroflorestais ou SAF que são formas de uso da terra nos quais árvores ou arbustos são utilizados em associação com cultivos agrícolas e/ou com animais em uma mesma área, destacando-se como uma importante ferramenta para a restauração de ecossistemas degradados.
Authors: Ferronato Marcelo Lucian , Machado Daniela Moreira dos Santos , Stolerman Paula , Casagrande Ligiane Pauly
Published: August 2019

Este texto busca a reflexão dos aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais do município de Cujubim, localizado na porção noroeste do estado de Rondônia, visando demonstrar a influência das atividades humanas empregadas na região sobre os movimentos migratórios e do uso do solo. A pesquisa se deu por meio de levantamento de dados secundários, informações sociais oficiais, e obtenção de dados primários, por meio de entrevistas com 37 moradores das zonas urbana e 27 moradores da área rural, além de instituições públicas e privadas atuantes na região. A pesquisa ocorreu em outubro de 2014. Os questionários foram formulados contendo perguntas fechadas e abertas, visando obter informações subjetivas dos entrevistados que poderiam melhor qualificar as informações que, em geral, ficam escondidas num momento posterior de tabulação e análise de dados quantitativos. A análise concentra-se em três questões básicas amplamente discutidas no decorrer do texto: a) queda da extração de madeiras; b) conversão de florestas em pastagens; c) incremento de mecanização agrícola. A situação relatada é preocupante e segue a mesma linha de outros municípios de Rondônia e do contexto histórico da Amazônia, com a possível transição de atividade econômica entre atividade madeireira que não é feita de forma sustentável, para a agropecuária e a pressão sobre os remanescentes florestais da região.
Authors: Amaral Márcio Douglas Brito , Corrêa Émerson Gil Santos , Sabino Thiago Alan Guedes , Santos Romário Valente
Published: August 2019

O texto tem como objetivo central analisar a relação campo-cidade na Amazônia, a partir das relações estabelecidas entre a cidade média de Castanhal e a sua rede de proximidade territorial, conexões com agrovilas do município e demais localidades de municípios vizinhos voltados ao abastecimento dos produtos do campo e para prestação de serviços oferecidos às atividades produtivas realizadas no campo. De um lado, busca-se ressaltar a importância de Castanhal na prestação de serviços para o campo, por meio da oferta de produtos agrícolas derivados das agrolojas e da prestação de assistência técnica por instituições de pesquisa localizadas na cidade. De outro lado, destaca-se a importância da relação com o campo, tanto da ordem próxima – rede de proximidade territorial – quanto da ordem distante – áreas de abastecimento localizadas em outras regiões do país – para o abastecimento da cidade, particularmente as feiras. A hipótese levantada é a de que embora Castanhal não possa ser definida, fundamentalmente, como uma cidade do agronegócio, não se pode desprezar o papel que ela exerce na oferta de tecnologia e serviços para as atividades agrícolas do circuito superior e inferior do campo na região, bem como não se deve deixar de considerar a forte relação quanto ao abastecimento da própria cidade.    Palavras-Chave: Cidades médias na Amazônia; Relação cidade-campo; Feiras; Agrolojas.
Desperation Of Father In Great Depression Era As Seen In Arthur Miller’s The Death Of Salesman
Authors: Megawati Sri
Published: August 2019

The title of this thesis is an analysis of the ambitions and dreams of Americans in the 1920s, focusing on the analysis of a leading figure from the circle An ordinary person named Willy Loman who turned his career into a businessman (Salesman), but eventually found failure and experienced severe frustration and eventually committed suicide by crashing the car fence home.
               Problems in this thesis is a problem associated with characterizations such as Willy Loman has an inner conflict between his two children Biff and Happy. In this thesis, the author uses a psychological approach. This approach saw the development of characters in literary works that are a reflection of the true human psyche. This approach also explains the character changes in the main characters.
               The purpose of this study is for the reader to know the ambitions and dreams of what is in the drama of the death of Salesman, and the results obtained from this analysis is that material satisfaction greatly affects the lives of Americans especially Willy loman, the main character in this drama he Very ambitious to achieve material satisfaction such as home, money, success, wealth, honor, equality of rights so that people around him will put respect and sympathy.
Pragmatics Implicature Function Of Hillary Clinton And Donald Trump Presidential Debate
Authors: Nasir Ulfani Rizki
Published: August 2019

The problem in this thesis is the utterances by the candidate of presidential debate Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump to get the support from the audience and can be a President of America. The candidates give suggestion and negative comment  for the audience that he or she was the best to be a president of America.
In this writing, The writer use qualitative method of collecting data because of the element that used come from textual material, which data collected with utilize all of the information and the relevant thought. The writer use library research that kinds of qualitative method for analyze the data. Sarwono (2006:226) mention that library research use for analyze from textual data with systematically. In the writer point of view, this method is correctly use for analyzing this proposal. The writer will collect the data and categorized the primary data to secondary data with used pragmatics implicature function that is assertive function, directive function and expressive function and choose only some of the data for sampling.
The results of research in this thesis are the function of pragmatics implcature that was used the most is expressive function. From three presidential debate if Hillary Clinton and Donald trump.
Social Impact Toward A North Carolina Man As Seen In Nicholas Sparks’ The Notebook
Authors: Yuliana Siti Marda
Published: August 2019

The problem in this study is social impact from North Carolina citizen for the main character’s life. In the novel, Noah’s life is influenced by his social life, especially his love story with Allie. They are separated because of the difference of social class and people’s view about them who come from different status.
From the result of this study found that, 1) social impact from people around to the main character in The Notebook novel, that is separating social class into three types, low class, middle class and high class, 2) social impact also influenced by the environment , which is North Carolina has beautiful view and make the people love their hometown by writing the poem, but in other side, environment makes space between people and their social status, 3) social impact is influenced by North Carolina citizen’s view who separate people based on the social class, and it makes the interaction between low class and high class is very limited, especially in relationship and marriage.
Racial Prejudice Toward The Black In America As Reflected In James Mcbride The Color Of Water
Authors: Sanopa Sanopa
Published: August 2019

This thesis discusses the issue of racial prejudice in America described in the novel The Color of Water written by James Mcbride. This analysis focuses on how blacks are perceived differently by other races in America such as whites. In this study, the authors analyzed three problems, the first why race prejudice occurred in America. How racial prejudices against blacks as uneducated people, how racial prejudice against blacks as criminal.
            In analyzing the literary work, the author uses postcolonial theory, it is this theory that allows us to see how the colonial influence both during colonization lasted, before, and after the colonialization ended like today. This theory has a very important meaning, The hidden problems contained behind the facts that have occurred, and very in accordance with the problems contained in the novel the color of water.
            In this study, the authors found a 1). bad relationship between the minority and the majority in the United States really happened. 2). Minorities such as blacks get white prejudices. This disharmony of relationships has some impact on the minority itself, the impact of which can be seen from how the quality of life of these minorities. 3).  Another consequence of the harmony of the relationship is the emergence of awareness and motivation in the minority to be equal to the majority.
True Love of a Princess as Seen in William Shakespeare’s King Lear
Authors: Helmita Helmita , Marlina Lina
Published: August 2019

This research is a study of psychological approaches that discuss the external aspect of  drama King Lear by William Shakespeare. In this study the writer will discuss some of the problems that is (1) What does the king Lear prove his unconditional love to his youngest daughter (2) How does the King Lear’s youngest daughter prove her unconditional love to her father (king Lear) (3) How does the king Lear face the death of his youngest daughter. The purpose of this study is (1) To describe the king Lear prove his unconditional love to his youngest daughter (2) To describe the youngest daughter of king Lear  prove unconditional love to his father king Lear (3) To explain the king Lear face the death of  his youngest daughter. The theory used in this research is the theory of literary psychology according to Sigmund Freud and Carl rogers. This study used a qualitative method .The object of the study is William Shakespeare's William Lords drama. The data source is divided into two primary data sources and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the drama script itself. The secondary data source is the text of the text and some references related to the research. Data collection techniques are noted. Data analysis technique is descriptive analysis.The results show the following conclusions. First, the true love of a father to his daughter.  Second, the true love of a daughter to her father.  Third, when a father regrets his past decisions that can not see his daughter's love from the heart and must accept her daughter's gone ever.
Synthesis of a [6]rotaxane with singly threaded γ-cyclodextrins as a single stereoisomer
Authors: Man Jason Yin Hei , Au-Yeung Ho Yu
Published: August 2019

A series of hetero [4]-, [5]- and [6]rotaxanes containing both cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) as the macrocyclic components have been synthesized via a threading-followed-by-stoppering approach. Due to the orthogonal binding of CB[6] to ammonium and γ-CD to biphenylene/tetra(ethylene glycol), the [n]rotaxanes display a specific sequence of the interlocked macrocycles. In addition, despite of the asymmetry of γ-CD with respect to the orthogonal plane of the axle, only one stereoisomer of the [6]rotaxane was obtained.
Application of Educational Games for Formation and Development of ICT competence of Teachers
Authors: Petelin Anatoliy , Galustyan Olga , Prosvetova Tatyana , Petelina Elena , Ryzhenkov Alexander
Published: August 2019

The process of developing ICT competence of teacher is not only related to fundamental theoretical knowledge, but also to a wide range of practical professional skills. One of the important means of developing ICT competence of teachers are educational games within the course of their professional development. Educational game is a reproduction of real professional situations. It allows participants to experiment, to develop various actions, to make and to correct mistakes which are unacceptable in real life. The experience of educational games within the course of ICT competence development showed that there is a more intensive exchange of ideas and information, which encourages participants to the creative process.
An Empirical Study on the Predictors of the Perceived Quality of Learning at Institutions of Higher Education: 2D Model Approach
Authors: Matlakala Mmatlou , Chiliya Norman , Chuchu Tinashe , Ndoro Tinashe
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the present study was to conduct an empirical investigation into the predictors of the perceived quality of learning at institutions of higher education from the student’s perspective. The research was based on a conceptual model consisting of six proposed hypotheses. A quantitative study that utilised the survey methodology was adopted is it was imperative to obtain objective findings that would be later used for statistical purposes. In terms of selection of suit-able participants for the study, non-probability sampling, a form of convenience sampling was adopted. Perceptions of students regarding the quality of education were tested empirically. The 2 D Model approach was adopted to investigate this phenomenon. Data was collected from a total of 300 students from a selected university in South Africa. To analyse the data SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 were utilised for descriptive statistics and hypotheses testing respectively. A university’s reputation and the geographic region a student originated from were observed as having the greatest influence on those students’ perception of quality of education that a higher education institution provided.
Toward a Personalized Learning Path through a Services-Oriented Approach
Authors: Bendahmane Mohamed , El Falaki Brahim , Benattou Mohammed
Published: August 2019

In most existing E-learning systems, activities' content and order are presented in a static manner without taking into consideration the learners characteristics, profiles or competencies. The challenge is to adapt and regulate learning processes according to the learner profile by applying learning models that use new information technologies. There are several adaptation approaches of E-learning environments, such as, adaptive hypermedia system, semantic web, etc. In our proposed system, we adopted a Competency Based Approach to offer each learner an individualized learning path for the acquisition of the competence targeted on the basis of the collaborative filtering. Concerning the technological aspect, the system is implemented as a web services while adhering to a service-oriented architecture. This allows interoperability with heterogeneous learning systems
Efeitos agudos da ingestão de bebidas energéticas sobre os paramêtros hidro-eletrolíticos durante exercício em esteira
Authors: Reis Hamilton Henrique Teixeira , Reis Victória Esther Teixeira , Júnior Miguel Araújo Carneiro , Lima Luciana Moreira , Marins João Carlos Bouzas
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se diferentes tipos de bebidas energéticas afetam o balanço hidro-eletrolítico de corredores de resistência. Doze homens participaram desse estudo duplo cego e crossover randomizado, ingerindo 3mg.kgPC-1 de cafeína de bebida energética convencional e sugar free, e um placebo carboidratado e não cafeinado, 40 minutos antes de sessão de exercício em ambiente termoneutro. Em cada situação experimental, os avaliados realizaram exercício de corrida em esteira com duração de 60 minutos e intensidade entre 65 e 75% do VO2max, seguidos por um sprint correspondendo a 100% do VO2max. Foram avaliados o peso corporal (PC), desidratação absoluta e relativa, densidade da urina, taxa de sudorese e níveis de Na+, K+ e hematócrito. Durante o protocolo os avaliados receberam somente água a cada 15 minutos. Foi verificada alteração nos níveis de densidade da urina antes e depois do exercício para todos os tratamentos (p<0,05). O PC sofreu decréscimo em todos os tratamentos, mas sem alteração significativa (p>0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre as bebidas nos níveis de Na+, K+ e hematócrito (p>0,05) mantendo-se dentro dos níveis de normalidade. Conclui-se que diferentes tipos de bebidas energéticas não afetam o balanço hidro-eletrolítico de corredores de resistência ao longo do exercício.
Relação entre desempenho acadêmico, autopercepção de competência e desempenho motor de crianças
Authors: Costa Rafaela Zortéa Fernandes , Marques Inara , De Santo Dalberto Luiz , Medina-Papst Josiane
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre o desempenho acadêmico, autopercepção de competência e desempenho motor de crianças do quinto ano do Ensino Fundamental I. Participaram deste estudo 15 meninos e 16 meninas com idade média de 10 ± 0,6 anos. Para a avaliação do desempenho motor utilizou-se a Bateria de Avaliação do Movimento da Criança (HENDERSON; SUGDEN; BARNETT, 2007). Para a avaliação do desempenho acadêmico, utilizou-se o Teste de Desempenho Acadêmico (STEIN, 1994) e, por fim, para a avaliação da autopercepção de competência, utilizou-se a Escala Pictórica de Percepção de Competência e Aceitação Social para Crianças (HARTER; PIKE, 1983). Como resultados observou-se relações moderadas e significativas entre o desempenho acadêmico e a autopercepção (r=0,354; p=0,051) e, entre o desempenho motor e a autopercepção de competência motora (r=0,377; p=0,036).
Doenças associadas à qualidade do sono em idosas praticantes de exercício físico
Authors: Pereira Junior Altair Argentino , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon , Nascimento Alexandre , Faleiro Deise Jaqueline Alves , Alves Lucas Gomes , Zawadzki Patrick
Published: August 2019

A qualidade do sono é apontada como a principal queixa em pessoas idosas, o qual ocorre devido às mudanças no processo de envelhecimento. A má qualidade do sono é um fator que ocasiona inúmeras doenças nesta população, tais como; artrose, depressão, diabetes, doença cardíaca, fibromialgia, gastrite, hipertensão arterial, hipotireoidismo, incontinência urinária, dentre outras. Objetivo: Associar a presença de doenças com a qualidade do sono em idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos. Participantes do estudo: 146 idosas (69,58±6,22 anos) praticantes de exercícios físicos. Foi utilizado um questionário de questões sociodemográficas e de percepção de saúde e o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh – PSQI. Realizou-se a regressão logística binária. Resultados: Encontrou-se alta prevalência de baixa qualidade do sono nesta população (n=79, fr=56,4%). Conclusão: Com isto a má qualidade do sono foi associada a doenças como depressão, fibromialgia, gastrite, incontinência urinária, artrose, diabetes e doença cardíaca, a qual apresentou 3,4 vezes razão de chances de contribuir para uma ruim qualidade do sono. Observa-se que diferentes doenças, em especial as cardíacas, estão associadas a uma baixa qualidade do sono, mesmo em idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos.
Esporte e modernidade no Uruguai no início do século xx: um estudo a partir da revista Sportsman (1908)
Authors: Piovani Verónica Gabriela Silva , Rinaldi Ieda Parra Barbosa , Herold Junior Carlos
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como o esporte se relacionava com a sociedade uruguaia no início do século XX. Foi realizado um estudo pautado na história cultural. Como fontes utilizaram-se 26 números do semanário Sportsman, publicados em 1908. Na análise dos documentos, foram evidenciadas duas unidades temáticas: 1) “O papel do esporte na construção da nação civilizada”, que identificou aspectos relacionados à prática esportiva como elementos importantes no desenvolvimento da civilização/nação e; 2) “Esporte e saúde da população”, que evidenciou registros sobre o esporte e sua incidência na melhoria da saúde e da raça. Conclui-se que o esporte colocou-se como prática social relevante para os redatores e leitores da revista Sportsman, sendo fundamental na construção de uma nação civilizada.
A pós-graduação stricto sensu em educação física no Rio de Janeiro: desafios para a formação acadêmica e a produção científica a partir das possibilidades de publicação
Authors: Triani Felipe Da Silva , Telles Silvio De Cassio Costa
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar a formação acadêmica e os desafios para a produção científica a partir das possibilidades de publicação na pós-graduação em Educação Física no Rio de Janeiro. Empregou-se uma pesquisa documental utilizando os editais dos três programas de pós-graduação do Rio de Janeiro, publicações oficiais da CAPES e periódicos da educação física. Evidenciou-se elevado número de docentes da biodinâmica e um baixo quantitativo das sociocultural e pedagógica, ainda que somados. Após analisados 2083 periódicos da área, desvela-se a desproporcionalidade entre as subáreas, sendo quase 70% específicos da biodinâmica. O manuscrito aponta o baixo número de programas em educação física, desequilíbrio entre as subáreas e a escassez de periódicos como motivos que dificultam a formação acadêmica e a produção científica para as subáreas sociocultural e pedagógica.
Efeitos do óleo de coco associado com um programa de exercícios físicos sobre a composição corporal e perfil lipídico
Authors: Rocha Ricelli Endrigo , Otto Mariana
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a suplementação de óleo de coco associado com um programa de exercícios físicos sobre a composição corporal e perfil lipídico em mulheres eutróficas normolipidicas. Participaram da pesquisa 20 mulheres que foram aleatoriamente divididas em 2 grupos, grupo exercício suplementado com 13 mL/dia de óleo de coco (GCO; n=10) e grupo exercício não suplementado com óleo de coco (GSO; n=10). Foram avaliados no início e ao final de 12 semanas de intervenção medidas perimétricas de adiposidade central, gordura (%), massa gorda, massa magra, níveis séricos de colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c e triglicérides. Para as comparações intragrupos e entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste T para amostras dependentes e independentes, com nível de significância de p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que 12 semanas de intervenção modificou a adiposidade central do grupo GCO, diminuindo 2,6% a circunferência da cintura comparado ao grupo GSO (p<0,05). A gordura (%), massa gorda e massa magra não se modificaram após 12 semanas de intervenção nos grupos GCO e GSO (p<0,05). Na comparação do perfil lipídico entre os grupos, o grupo GCO diminui 3% o LDL-c enquanto que o grupo GSO aumentou 13,7% o colesterol total e 14,2% o LDL-c (p<0,05). Em conclusão, o óleo de coco associado com um programa de exercício físico aeróbico não modifica a composição corporal e atenua as alterações no perfil lipídico em mulheres eutróficas normolipidicas.
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: Is Dexmedetomidine Effective?
Authors: Ungarian Joelle , Rankin James A. , Then Karen L.
Published: August 2019

Delirium in the intensive care unit affects approximately 30% of patients despite vigorous efforts to encourage the use of effective screening tools and preventive strategies. The success of pharmacological treatment of delirium remains equivocal; moreover, a paucity of research supports the use of atypical antipsychotic medications. However, dexmedetomidine appears to have a promising role in delirium management. This review includes an overview of the pathophysiology and types of delirium and describes 2 established tools used to screen for delirium. Published research related to the use of dexmedetomidine in the management of delirium is also discussed. The authors make recommendations for critical care nurses on dexmedetomidine use in the context of providing evidence-based nursing care to intensive care unit patients with delirium.
Reducing Hypoglycemia in Critical Care Patients Using a Nurse-Driven Root Cause Analysis Process
Authors: Shea Krista E. , Gerard Sally O. , Krinsley James S.
Published: August 2019

Background

Successful blood glucose control is associated with improved outcomes of critically ill patients. However, insulin treatment can cause hypoglycemia, an important patient safety concern. The Joint Commission has recommended that all episodes of hypoglycemia be evaluated with a root cause analysis.

Objective

To reduce episodes of hypoglycemia through the analysis of data related to each episode.

Methods

The interdisciplinary team of the 16-bed critical care unit of a university-affilited teaching hospital developed a process to analyze, in real time, each episode of hypoglycemia (blood glucose level <60 mg/dL), including evaluation of patient risk factors and nursing interventions. The nursing staff integrated the root cause analysis into daily practice. The preimplementation period encompassed 2429 consecutive admissions, and the implementation period encompassed 2608 consecutive admissions.

Results

The percentage of patients with hypoglycemia decreased substantially during the implementation period among those without (from 6.15% to 3.78%; P = .001) and with diabetes (from 13.14% to 7.23%; P = .002). Mean blood glucose level decreased during the implementation period among patients without diabetes (P < .001), and did not change significantly among patients with diabetes (P = .23). The coefficient of variation, reflecting glucose variability, decreased during the implementation period among patients without and with diabetes (P < .001 for each).

Conclusion

The nurse-driven root cause analysis was associated with a substantial reduction in hypoglycemia, with concomitant decreases in mean blood glucose level among patients without diabetes and glucose variability in patients without and with diabetes.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses among antenatal care attendees in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mustapha Dada Mansur , Saba’atu Danladi Elizabeth , Misau Yusuf Abdu , Alkali Mohammed , Titus Onyi , Faruk Bashir Muhammad , Dambam Sani Mohammed , Hussaini Iliyasu , Alami-Adhama Abubakar Auwal , Ibrahim Madaki Abubakar
Published: August 2019

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are blood borne viral infection with huge disease burden on pregnant women and their babies especially in Bauchi, Nigeria. Data on the prevalence rates of these infections would aid the clinical management and public health control of these infections. The study determined the prevalent rates of HIV, HBV and HCV among ante-natal care (ANC) attendees in health facilities in Bauchi State, north-eastern Nigeria. This is a a descriptive study that reviewed data secondarily from 13 health facilities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Data were collected for a 12-month period from July 2017 - June 2018. The study found the following average prevalence rates among the ANC attendees: HIV (0.71%), HBV (1.57%) and HCV (0.64%). The study found low but significant prevalent rates of HIV, HBV and HCV infections among the ANC attendees. The study recommends for strengthening of preventive and curatives measures against these viruses among the pregnant women. These include health education, HBV vaccination, anti-retroviral therapy and early diagnosis and treatment of these viruses. The study also recommends for appropriate, complete and consistent medical records to monitor these viruses. Further studies are required for the HIV, HBV and HCV infections and their co-infections among the pregnant women.