bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maquiavelismo em lojistas: um retorno a origem
Authors: Rocha Jakcilene Dias , Pinto Francisco Roberto , Da Silva Joelma Soares
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this paper is to verify the formation of the Machiavellianism construct among professionals of merchant industry in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We performed a literature search followed by field research, in 164 shops of Fortaleza. We consulted 400 respondents, using the scale Machiavellianism Personality Scale (MPS), developed by Dahling, Whitaker and Levy (2009). According to the results obtained, it was possible to infer that the general objective of this study was reached when there was the formation of the five factors of Machiavellianism (Amoral, Interpersonal Influence, Status, Individualism and Disbelief in Others) and found that gender is interrelated with the Machiavellianism. This relationship, however, was not found considering religiosity, age and position (for managers and vendors). From the results presented in this study, one can devise strategies to better manage the collaboration of vendors and managers in shops, in order to improve interpersonal relationships of these professionals with its stakeholders and, consequently, optimize sales as are known in behave as these workers.
A heterogeneidade entre pequenas empresas: identificando modelos de gestão em uma aglomeração produtiva
Authors: Tavares Bruno , Antonialli Luiz Marcelo , Calegario Cristina Lelis Leal , Castro Cleber Carvalho de , Carvalho Lima Afonso Augusto Teixeira de Freiras
Published: May 2016

A key feature of small businesses is the high heterogeneity among them, an issue that has not been extensively studied, especially in productive agglomerations. With this in mind, this article aims to understand the heterogeneity among firms and how differences manifest themselves in agglomerations. In order to avoid excessive fragmentation, the research design added businesses in relatively homogeneous groups, classified according to entrepreneurial competences, a model proposed for the study of the competitiveness of Brazilian industry (ECIB) (COUTINHO; FERRAZ, 1993). The variables were validated through Cronbach's alpha, and then homogeneous groups were formed for the hierarchical cluster analysis. Data collection was performed in the clothing branch companies of the productive agglomeration of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. The results show that the studied productive agglomeration presents differences between companies, and that such differences reveal the way organizations behave in the industry and in the market.
Comportamento do consumidor: há recompensa às empresas socioambientalmente responsáveis?
Authors: Braga Junior Sergio Silva , Silva Dirceu Da , Aquino Natalia Silva
Published: May 2016

In recent years, companies have incorporated into their daily and strategic planning, elements of social and environmental management aiming to adapt to new consumer trends that began to value such initiatives in their evaluation of products and to align to the new legal obligations associated with environmental issues. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify, through a scale developed, validated and applied by Garcia et al. (2008) if there is a consumer behavior that rewards socially and environmentally correct companies. However, in the study by Garcia et al. (2008) the sample was used undergraduates and, in the present study, a sample of people working in the financial market is considered its perception as an individual and as a society, namely, the individual is being used had two responses to a corresponding their behavior and the other as he observes the behavior of society. As a result, it was observed that for a reward, the perception of the respondents diverge when it comes to the behavior of their behavior to the behavior of society.
The Society for American Archaeology’s Task Forces on Landscape Policy Issues
Authors: Altschul Jeffrey H.
Published: May 2016

The management of cultural resources by federal land-managing agencies in the United States is moving in the direction of programmatic approaches that consider archaeological resources on a regional or landscape level. In 2014, the Society for American Archaeology (SAA), in response to meetings with federal agencies, established three task forces on issues related to landscape-scale cultural resource management (CRM). The task forces focused on: (1) survey data quality, durability, and use; (2) incorporating archaeological resources in regional land-use plans; and (3) valuing archaeological resources. Revised reports of the task forces are being published in this issue of Advances in Archaeological Practice. This paper provides the context and history of the task forces, particularly the CRM challenges facing federal land-managing agencies leading to the selection of topics that are subjects of the published articles.
The Site Tour
Authors: J. Ellick Carol
Published: May 2016

Archaeological site tours are a common form of public outreach, but are they done as well as possible? Do they convey the information that is intended and are they effective in teaching about archaeology, culture, professionalism, and ethics? Over the years, I’ve been asked by cultural resource management (CRM) firms and university anthropology department field school directors for information on how to construct and give site tours. In the past, responding to this request meant cobbling together information from various sources and adding commentary. The intent of this article is to bring all of that information, along with 25-plus years of experience, together into one comprehensive narrative with the intention of providing guidance for those who have trepidations about offering site tours as a form of public outreach.
Damage limitation
Authors: Amelio Ivano , Melino Gerry
Published: May 2016

A spring-loaded mechanism can explain the activation process for a protein that has a crucial role in maintaining the genomic integrity of immature eggs cells
Glycated Hemoglobin Testing to Identify Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Jones Dustin , Scharfenberg Brian , Perkins Jessica , Childers Keri , Dogbey Godwin Y. , Shubrook Jay H.
Published: May 2016

Background: Hyperglycemia is commonly seen in hospitalized patients. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) correlates with the average blood glucose level over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. Thus, an HbA1c test offers a longitudinal view that reduces etiologic ambiguity of disease. Screening of HbA1c levels plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in the outpatient setting but remains underused in the evaluation of hyperglycemia with undiagnosed diabetes in the inpatient setting. The underuse of the HbA1c test may be a missed opportunity for early diabetes detection in the hospital.

Objective: To examine the use of HbA1c tests in identifying previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among patients with hyperglycemia in a rural inpatient setting.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia in a rural community teaching hospital in the Midwest. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.

Results: Medical records of 348 unique patients with hyperglycemia were reviewed. Fifty patients treated for hyperglycemia had medical records with no known history of diabetes (NKHD). Of the 50 patients with NKHD, 31 (62%) had an HbA1c test. Of the 31 patients tested, 6 (19%) had HbA1c levels consistent with the diagnosis of prediabetes, and 18 (58%) had levels consistent with diabetes. Seventeen (55%) of the 31 patients had a discharge diagnosis that included diabetes. Of the 19 patients with NKHD who did not have an HbA1c test, 2 (11%) received a discharge diagnosis that included diabetes.

Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with NKHD and hyperglycemia are more likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis if HbA1c is measured. Failing to fully use HbA1c tests in the inpatient setting constitutes a missed opportunity to distinguish transient hyperglycemia from chronic disease. The HbA1c level can elucidate the course of dys-glycemia and trigger mechanisms for timely intervention.
Cancer Mortality Trends in Medically Underserved Counties in Virginia
Authors: Kennedy Katie N. , Meacham Susan L. , Sukpraprut Suporn , Kwakye Stephanie S. , Atkinson Kristy K. , Bailey Brooke N. , Chavis Danielle N. , Thompson Brittany E.
Published: May 2016

Context: Cancer mortality rates in the United States have improved during the past 40 years. The improvement in mortality rates is not equal for all types of cancer or all geographic locations, however.

Objective: To compare trends in cancer mortality rates in Virginia counties from 2005 through 2009.

Methods: Publicly available data from the National Cancer Institute, the State Cancer Profile, and the Virginia Department of Health were accessed for this analysis. For all counties in Virginia with all-cancer and lung cancer mortality data available, the authors compared counties considered medically underserved areas (VMUAs) with non-VMUAs to examine trends in cancer mortality rates that increased, remained stable, or decreased from 2005 through 2009. The significance level for all data was set at P≤.05.

Results: Of 136 counties in Virginia, 134 had all-cancer and 123 had lung cancer mortality data available. The VMUAs had a 48% lower decreasing all-cancer mortality rate than non-VMUAs (13 [26%] vs 37 [74%], respectively; P=.004). Non-VMUAs had a 33.3% higher stable all-cancer mortality rate than VMUAs (50 [66.6%] vs 25 [33.3%], respectively; P=.004) and a 55.2% higher lung cancer mortality rate (17 [22.4%] vs 59 [77.6%], respectively; P<.001).

Conclusion: The all-cancer and lung cancer mortality rates were found to either remain stable or, in the case of all-cancer mortality, to increase in VMUAs.
As Competências Contemporâneas do Secretário Executivo e a Relação Com as Competências do Middle Manager
Authors: Moreira Katia Denise , Rodrigues Luci Mari Aparecida , Freire do Vale Juliana Cidrack , Rosa Marize Helena da
Published: May 2016

À medida que se considera o profissional do Secretariado Executivo como atuante junto às posições de liderança, pressupõe-se que haja correlação entre as competências desse profissional e aquelas do middle manager. Realizou-se, então, esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, na qual se procurou analisar a possível natureza de tal correlação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, baseada em livros, artigos, leis e outros documentos que tratam do assunto. Após se elencar as competências e funções de ambos os profissionais, os dados levantados foram categorizados e analisados a partir da tipologia da gerência intermediária elaborada por Floyd e Wooldridge (1992), com o auxílio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado, confirmou-se, em âmbito teórico, uma forte correlação entre as funções e competências daqueles profissionais.
Contribution of Contrast‐Enhanced Sonography With Perfluorobutane Microbubbles for Diagnosis of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shagdarsuren Buyanjargal , Tamai Hideyuki , Shingaki Naoki , Mori Yoshiyuki , Maeshima Shuya , Nuta Junya , Maeda Yoshimasa , Moribata Kosaku , Niwa Toru , Deguchi Hisanobu , Inoue Izumi , Maekita Takao , Iguchi Mikitaka , Kato Jun , Ichinose Masao
Published: May 2016

Objectives

The role of contrast‐enhanced sonography in the diagnosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma is still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the usefulness and limitations of contrast‐enhanced sonography with a perfluorobutane microbubble contrast agent (Sonazoid; Daiichi‐Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) after contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and to establish its optimal use.

Methods

A total of 514 patients, who were suspected to have recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast‐enhanced CT, underwent contrast‐enhanced sonography. Of 514 suspicious lesions, 484 were diagnosed as recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas, including 142 recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas measuring 1 cm or smaller in diameter. The largest lesion was evaluated in each patient. A final diagnosis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after contrast‐enhanced CT was reached on the basis of the typical hallmarks of hepatocellular carcinoma on any of the other contrast imaging modalities or by resected tissue or tumor enlargement during follow‐up.

Results

The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of contrast‐enhanced CT were 68%, 93%, 99%, 15%, and 70%, respectively, and the values of contrast‐enhanced sonography were 91%, 100%, 100%, 31%, and 91%, excluding 60 unassessable lesions on contrast‐enhanced sonography. The diagnostic rate for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast‐enhanced sonography for lesions with an atypical enhancement pattern on contrast‐enhanced CT was 71%. On multivariate analysis of factors contributing to the unassessability of contrast‐enhanced sonography, lesion size, location, and abdominal wall thickness were independent factors.

Conclusions

Although the assessability of contrast‐enhanced sonography depends on lesion size, location, and abdominal wall thickness, contrast‐enhanced sonography after contrast‐enhanced CT is useful for confirmative diagnosis of small recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with an atypical enhancement pattern on contrast‐enhanced CT, even for lesions measuring 1 cm or smaller in diameter.
Characterization of the in situ magnetic architecture of oceanic crust (Hess Deep) using near‐source vector magnetic data
Authors: Tominaga Masako , Tivey Maurice A. , MacLeod Christopher J. , Morris Antony , Lissenberg C. Johan , Shillington Donna J. , Ferrini Vicki
Published: May 2016

Marine magnetic anomalies are a powerful tool for detecting geomagnetic polarity reversals, lithological boundaries, topographic contrasts, and alteration fronts in the oceanic lithosphere. Our aim here is to detect lithological contacts in fast‐spreading lower crust and shallow mantle by characterizing magnetic anomalies and investigating their origins. We conducted a high‐resolution, near‐bottom, vector magnetic survey of crust exposed in the Hess Deep “tectonic window” using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Isis during RRS James Cook cruise JC21 in 2008. Hess Deep is located at the western tip of the propagating rift of the Cocos‐Nazca plate boundary near the East Pacific Rise (EPR) (2°15′N, 101°30′W). ROV Isis collected high‐resolution bathymetry and near‐bottom magnetic data as well as seafloor samples to determine the in situ lithostratigraphy and internal structure of a section of EPR lower crust and mantle exposed on the steep (~20°dipping) south facing slope just north of the Hess Deep nadir. Ten magnetic profiles were collected up the slope using a three‐axis fluxgate magnetometer mounted on ROV Isis. We develop and extend the vertical magnetic profile (VMP) approach of Tivey (1996) by incorporating, for the first time, a three‐dimensional vector analysis, leading to what we here termed as “vector vertical magnetic profiling” approach. We calculate the source magnetization distribution, the deviation from two dimensionality, and the strike of magnetic boundaries using both the total field Fourier‐transform inversion approach and a modified differential vector magnetic analysis. Overall, coherent, long‐wavelength total field anomalies are present with a strong magnetization contrast between the upper and lower parts of the slope. The total field anomalies indicate a coherently magnetized source at depth. The upper part of the slope is weakly magnetized and magnetic structure follows the underlying slope morphology, including a “bench” and lobe‐shaped steps, imaged by microbathymetry. The lower part of the slope is strongly magnetized, with a gradual reduction in amplitude from east to west across the slope. Surface morphology and recent drilling results indicate that the slope has been affected by mass wasting, but the observation of internally coherent magnetization distributions within the upper and lower slopes suggest that the disturbance is surficial. We attribute the spatial differences in magnetization distribution to the combination of changes in in situ lithology and depth to the source. These survey lines document the first magnetic profiles that capture the gabbro‐ultramafic and possibly dike‐gabbro boundaries in fast‐spreading lower crust.
A coupling modulation model of capillary waves from gravity waves: Theoretical analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Chen Pengzhen , Wang Xiaoqing , Liu Li , Chong Jinsong
Published: May 2016

According to Bragg theory, capillary waves are the predominant scatterers of high‐frequency band (such as Ka‐band) microwave radiation from the surface of the ocean. Therefore, understanding the modulation mechanism of capillary waves is an important foundation for interpreting high‐frequency microwave remote sensing images of the surface of the sea. In our experiments, we discovered that modulations of capillary waves are significantly larger than the values predicted by the classical theory. Further, analysis shows that the difference in restoring force results in an inflection point while the phase velocity changes from gravity waves region to capillary waves region, and this results in the capillary waves being able to resonate with gravity waves when the phase velocity of the gravity waves is equal to the group velocity of the capillary waves. Consequently, we propose a coupling modulation model in which the current modulates the capillary wave indirectly by modulating the resonant gravity waves, and the modulation of the former is approximated by that of the latter. This model very effectively explains the results discovered in our experiments. Further, based on Bragg scattering theory and this coupling modulation model, we simulate the modulation of normalized radar cross section (
) of typical internal waves and show that the high‐frequency bands are superior to the low‐frequency bands because of their greater modulation of
and better radiometric resolution. This result provides new support for choice of radar band for observation of wave‐current modulation oceanic phenomena such as internal waves, fronts, and shears.
Imaging lightning intracloud initial stepped leaders by low‐frequency interferometric lightning mapping array
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Lu Gaopeng , Zhou Xuan , Weinert Joel
Published: May 2016

By comparing the source position of pulses during initial leaders and the paths of subsequent dart leaders from typical bilevel intracloud (IC) flashes, we demonstrate a new method to image the detailed three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure and stepping dynamics of IC initial leaders. Using this approach, we show that nearly half of the initial breakdown pulses are not involved in the main channel extension but instead originate in nonpropagating branches. The primary upward but significantly tilted initial leader channels propagated with measured mean/median 3‐D step length of 295/265 m and mean/median step interval of 1.05/0.6 ms. The structure and dynamics of IC initial upward negative leaders are distinct from those of highly branched cloud‐to‐ground downward negative leaders. We suggest that the tilted initial leader channel and electric field could affect the observation on leader‐associated high‐energy radiation phenomena, such as the position‐dependent observation of terrestrial gamma ray flashes from space‐based detectors.
Postcaldera volcanism and hydrothermal activity revealed by autonomous underwater vehicle surveys in Myojin Knoll caldera, Izu‐Ogasawara arc
Authors: Honsho Chie , Ura Tamaki , Kim Kangsoo , Asada Akira
Published: May 2016

Myojin Knoll caldera, one of the submarine silicic calderas lying on the volcanic front of the northern Izu‐Ogasawara arc, has attracted increasing attention since the discovery of a large hydrothermal field called the Sunrise deposit. Although numerous submersible surveys have been conducted in Myojin Knoll caldera, they have not sufficiently explored areas to produce a complete picture of the caldera and understand the origin of the Sunrise deposit. We conducted comprehensive deep‐sea surveys using an autonomous underwater vehicle and obtained high‐resolution bathymetric and magnetic data and sonar images from ~70% of the caldera. The detailed bathymetric map revealed that faulting and magma eruptions, possibly associated with an inflation‐deflation cycle of the magma reservoir during postcaldera volcanism, had generally occurred in the caldera wall. The main dome of the central cone was covered with lava flows and exhibits exogenous growth, which is unusual for rhyolitic domes. The magnetization distribution in the central cone indicates preferential magma intrusion along a NW‐SE direction. It is presumed that magma migrated along this direction and formed a rhyolite dome at the foot of the southeastern caldera wall, where the Sunrise deposit occurs. The Sunrise deposit is composed mainly of three ridges extending in slope directions and covers ~400 × ~400 m. Magnetization reduction in the deposit area is small, indicating that the alteration zone beneath the Sunrise deposit is slanting rather than vertical. It is presumed that several slanting and near‐vertical volcanic vents serve as pathways of hydrothermal fluid in Myojin Knoll caldera.
Positive streamer initiation from raindrops in thundercloud fields
Authors: Babich L. P. , Bochkov E. I. , Kutsyk I. M. , Neubert T. , Chanrion O.
Published: May 2016

The threshold field for the electric gas discharge in air is ≈26 kVcm−1atm−1, yet the maximum field measured (from balloons) is ≈3 kVcm−1atm−1. The question of how lightning is stimulated is therefore one of the outstanding problems in atmospheric electricity. According to the popular idea first suggested by Loeb and developed further by Phelps, lightning can be initiated from streamers developed in the enhanced electric field around hydrometeors. In our paper, we prove by numerical simulations that positive streamers are initiated, specifically, around charged water drops. The simulation model includes the kinetics of free electrons, and positive and negative ions, the electron impact ionization and photon ionization of the neutral atmospheric constituents, and the formation of space charge electric fields. Simulations were conducted at air pressure 0.4 atm, typical at thundercloud altitudes, and at different background electric fields, drop sizes, and charges. We show that the avalanche‐to‐streamer transition is possible near drops carrying 63–485 pC in thundercloud fields with intensity of 10 kVcm−1atm−1 and 15 kVcm−1atm−1 for drops sizes of 1 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. Thus, the electric field required for the streamer formation is larger than the measured thunderstorm fields. Therefore, the results of simulations suggest that second mechanisms must operate to amplify the local field. Such mechanisms could be electric field space variations via collective effects of many hydrometeors or runaway breakdown.
Site‐Selective In Situ Grown Calcium Carbonate Micromodels with Tunable Geometry, Porosity, and Wettability
Authors: Lee Seung Goo , Lee Hyundo , Gupta Ankur , Chang Sehoon , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: May 2016

Micromodels with simplified porous microfluidic systems are widely used to mimic the underground oil‐reservoir environment for multiphase flow studies, enhanced oil recovery, and reservoir network mapping. However, previous micromodels cannot replicate the length scales and geochemistry of carbonate because of their material limitations. Here a simple method is introduced to create calcium carbonate (CaCO3) micromodels composed of in situ grown CaCO3. CaCO3 nanoparticles/polymer composite microstructures are built in microfluidic channels by photopatterning, and CaCO3 nanoparticles are selectively grown in situ from these microstructures by supplying Ca2+, CO32− ions rich, supersaturated solutions. This approach enables us to fabricate synthetic CaCO3 reservoir micromodels having dynamically tunable geometries with submicrometer pore‐length scales and controlled wettability. Using this new method, acid fracturing and an immiscible fluid displacement process are demonstrated used in real oil field applications to visualize pore‐scale fluid–carbonate interactions in real time.
Efficient Cementing of CH3NH3PbBr3 Nanoparticles to Upconversion Nanoparticles Visualized by Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Francés‐Soriano Laura , Gonzalez‐Carrero Soranyel , Navarro‐Raga Enrique , Galian Raquel E. , González‐Béjar María , Pérez‐Prieto Julia
Published: May 2016

Upconversion‐perovskite nanohybrids are prepared by assembling CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles (PK) with naked NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ nanoparticles (UCn) via an innovative strategy consisting of using cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to anchor the perovskite nanoparticles firmly and closely to the upconversion nanoparticles, thus leading to UCn@PKCB nanohybrids. A commercial multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope is used to demonstrate the successful assembly. This technique proves to be useful to evaluate luminescence lifetime in the range of several tens of μs and allows visualization of the extraordinarily efficient nontrivial resonance energy transfer from the upconversion nanoparticle to the perovskite after near‐infrared (NIR) excitation of the nanohybrid as well as the homogeneity of the UCn@PKCB sample. The considerable photostability of the perovskite in these nanohybrids is demonstrated by prolonged irradiation of the nanohybrid under UV light as well as under NIR light.
Porous NIR Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals‐POSS Composites
Authors: Chen Dongzhi , Sun Wei , Qian Chenxi , Reyes Laura M. , Wong Annabelle P. Y. , Dong Yuchan , Jia Jia , Chen Kenneth K. , Ozin Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2016

Near infrared photoluminescent porous silicon nanocrystals(ncSi)‐polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) polymer composites are synthesized using a combination of thermal hydrosilylation and polymerization between Vinyl‐POSS and hydrogen‐terminated silicon nanocrystals (ncSi:H). The synthesized materials are characterized by IR, powder X‐ray diffraction and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (13C and 29Si). The results demonstrate that the hydrosilylation–polymerization reaction proceeded to create chemically crosslinked Vinyl‐POSS‐ncSi composites in which the integrity of the POSS cages is maintained intact. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results demonstrate that morphology of these materials depends on the weight ratio of ncSi:H to Vinyl‐POSS. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses establish that the composites have high surface areas ranging from 290.5 to 1047.2 m2 g−1 and pore volumes from 0.64 to 1.17 cm3 g−1. The pore sizes range from 6.08 to 3.54 nm and are dependent on the weight ratio of Vinyl‐POSS to ncSi:H. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows that the absolute quantum yield of the nanocomposites is not affected by the weight ratio of ncSi:H to Vinyl‐POSS. Thermal gravimetric analysis results show that the POSS polymer composites with ncSi have lower thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere as compared with the pure Vinyl‐POSS polymer. It is envisioned that future applications for these composites will likely be found in the fields of advanced materials, gas adsorption media, and biomedicine.
Multilayer Graphene with a Rippled Structure as a Spacer for Improving Plasmonic Coupling
Authors: Lee Khang June , Kim Daewon , Jang Byung Chul , Kim Da‐Jin , Park Hamin , Jung Dae Yool , Hong Woonggi , Kim Tae Keun , Choi Yang‐Kyu , Choi Sung‐Yool
Published: May 2016

The plasmonic coupling, the enhanced electromagnetic field occurring through a uniform and small separation between metallic particles, is required for better application to localized surface plasmon resonance. Graphene has been studied as a good spacer candidate because of its precise controllability at subnanoscale. Here, the enhancement of plasmonic coupling among metallic nanoparticles (NPs) uniformly spread out on both sides of a graphene spacer is experimentally and simulatively investigated. Additionally, the post‐evaporated flat structure is rippled along one direction to reduce the separation between nanoparticles. As the amount of rippling increases, the enhancement factor (EF) of the plasmonic coupling increases almost linearly or quadratically depending on the size of nanoparticles. Such a highly rippled nanostructure is believed to not only increase the plasmonic coupling in either side of the spacer but lead to a higher density of “hot spots” through the spacer gap also. The observed EFs of a structure with the MLG spacer are consistent with the simulation results obtained from the classical electrodynamics. On the other hand, the SLG case appears to be inconsistent with such a classical approach, indicating that the plasmon tunneling through the thin barrier is prevalent in the case of the SLG spacer.
Is the diagnostic yield influenced by the indication for fetal autopsy?
Authors: Puri Ratna Dua , Kotecha Udhaya , Lall Meena , Dash Pratima , Bijarnia‐Mahay Sunita , Verma Ishwar Chander
Published: May 2016

The utility of fetal autopsy to corroborate antenatal ultrasound findings and to aid genetic counseling is well known. However, the ability to identify an underlying cause for the common indications for which it is performed is not well studied. This study aimed to determine if the diagnostic yield of fetal autopsy in identifying the underlying cause is determined by the indication of the autopsy. Five groups of fetuses were defined based on the indication for the autopsy performed in 903 cases: (i) malformations, (ii) intrauterine death (IUD), (iii) cystic hygroma and hydrops fetalis, (iv) isolated abnormalities of amniotic fluid, and (v) intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The highest diagnostic yield was in fetuses with isolated abnormalities of amniotic fluid (77%), followed by those with IUGR (75%), with IUD (69.6%), those in group five (55.2%) and lowest (45%) in fetuses with malformations (P < 0.001). A cause was identified in 77.8% fetuses with multiple malformations compared to 37.5% with isolated malformations (P < 0.001), with chromosomal abnormalities in 31.8% versus 9.9% respectively (P < 0.001) and malformation syndromes in 42.5% versus 26.3% (P < 0.001). Placental examination provided the highest yield in IUD, IUGR, and oligohydramnios (43.1%; P < 0.003) whereas chromosomal analysis was most useful in cystic hygroma/NIHF (28.9%; P < 0.001). This information on the diagnostic yield in fetal autopsy related its common indications, can be utilized to counsel families of the utility of autopsy to establish cause and recurrence risks and thereby assist then to make an informed decision to consent for the procedure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hierarchically Mesoporous o‐Hydroxyazobenzene Polymers: Synthesis and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Conversion
Authors: Ji Guipeng , Yang Zhenzhen , Zhang Hongye , Zhao Yanfei , Yu Bo , Ma Zhishuang , Liu Zhimin
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous polymers with multiple functionalities is challenging. Herein we reported a template‐free strategy for synthesis of phenolic azo‐polymers with hierarchical porous structures based on diazo‐coupling reaction in aqueous solution under mild conditions. The resultant polymers have surface areas up to 593 m2 g−1 with the mesopore ratio of >80 %, and a good ability to complex with metal ions, such as Cu2+, Zn2+,Ni2+, achieving a metal loading up to 26.24 wt %. Moreover, the polymers complexed with Zn showed excellent performance for catalyzing the reaction of CO2 with epoxide, affording a TOF of 2570 h−1 in the presence of tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (7.2 mol %). The polymer complexed with Cu could catalyze the oxidation of alcohol with high efficiency.
Low‐Temperature Cationic Rearrangement in a Bulk Metal Oxide
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Retuerto Maria , Stephens Peter W. , Croft Mark , Sheptyakov Denis , Pomjakushin Vladimir , Deng Zheng , Akamatsu Hirofumi , Gopalan Venkatraman , Sánchez‐Benítez Javier , Saouma Felix O. , Jang Joon I. , Walker David , Greenblatt Martha
Published: May 2016

Cationic rearrangement is a compelling strategy for producing desirable physical properties by atomic‐scale manipulation. However, activating ionic diffusion typically requires high temperature, and in some cases also high pressure in bulk oxide materials. Herein, we present the cationic rearrangement in bulk Mn2FeMoO6at unparalleled low temperatures of 150–300 oC. The irreversible ionic motion at ambient pressure, as evidenced by real‐time powder synchrotron X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and second harmonic generation, leads to a transition from a Ni3TeO6–type to an ordered‐ilmenite structure, and dramatic changes of the electrical and magnetic properties. This work demonstrates a remarkable cationic rearrangement, with corresponding large changes in the physical properties in a bulk oxide at unprecedented low temperatures.
Rapid Construction of a Benzo‐Fused Indoxamycin Core Enabled by Site‐Selective C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Bedell T. Aaron , Hone Graham A. B. , Valette Damien , Yu Jin‐Quan , Davies Huw M. L. , Sorensen Erik J.
Published: May 2016

Methods for functionalizing carbon–hydrogen bonds are featured in a new synthesis of the tricyclic core architecture that characterizes the indoxamycin family of secondary metabolites. A unique collaboration between three laboratories has engendered a design for synthesis featuring two sequential C−H functionalization reactions, namely a diastereoselective dirhodium carbene insertion followed by an ester‐directed oxidative Heck cyclization, to rapidly assemble the congested tricyclic core of the indoxamycins. This project exemplifies how multi‐laboratory collaborations can foster conceptually novel approaches to challenging problems in chemical synthesis.
Preparation and properties of emulsifier/N‐methylpyrrolidone‐free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane–acrylate emulsions for footwear adhesives. I. Effect of the acrylic monomer content
Authors: Lee Seul‐Gi , Cheon Jung‐Mi , Chun Jae‐Hwan , Lee Young‐Hee , Rahman Mohammad‐Mizanur , Kim Han‐Do
Published: May 2016

Stable emulsions of emulsifier/N‐methylpyrrolidone‐free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane–acrylates (C‐WBPUAs) with various acrylic monomer contents (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %) for footwear adhesive materials were successfully prepared in this study. The effects of the acrylic monomer content on the shelf stability, mean particle size, and viscosity of the C‐WBPUA emulsions; the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the C‐WBPUA film samples; and the adhesive strengths between the upper (synthetic leather) and the sole (ethylene vinyl acetate rubber) in both the dry and wet states of the formulated adhesives (C‐WBPUA emulsion–thickener–hardener) were examined. The adhesive strengths of the formulated adhesives for footwear (leather–sole) in both the dry and wet states increased with increasing acrylic monomer content up to 20 wt %; after this, they almost levelled off. Thus, C‐WBPUA20 and C‐WBPUA30, where the number indicates the acrylic monomer content, can be recommended as high‐performance adhesive materials for footwear. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43758.
Reversible thrombotic aortic valve restenosis after valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Goleski Patrick J. , Reisman Mark , Don Creighton W.
Published: May 2016

Thrombotic aortic valve restenosis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has not been extensively reported and the rates of TAVR valve thrombosis are not known. We present three cases of valve‐in‐valve (VIV) restenosis following TAVR with the balloon expandable transcatheter heart valves, presumably due to valve thrombosis that improved with anticoagulation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma caused by carcinoma misdiagnosed as acne – case report and literature review
Authors: Aydin Dogu , Hölmich Lisbet Rosenkrantz , Jakobsen Linda P.
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical Message

Basal cell carcinoma can be misdiagnosed as acne; thus, carcinoma should be considered in treatment‐resistant acne. Although rare, neglected basal cell carcinoma increases the risk of metastasis.
Real‐time Analysis of a Working Triethylaluminium‐Modified Cr/Ti/SiO2 Ethylene Polymerization Catalyst with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Cicmil Dimitrije , Meeuwissen Jurjen , Vantomme Aurélien , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: May 2016

A diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform (DRIFT) study has been conducted at 373 K and 1 bar on an industrial Cr/Ti/SiO2 Phillips‐type catalyst modified with, and without, triethylaluminium (TEAl) as co‐catalyst. The reaction rate of the polymerization of ethylene, as monitored by the increase in the methylene stretching band of the growing polyethylene (PE), has been investigated as a function of the titanium content. After an initial period of mixed kinetics, with the reaction rate significantly higher for the TEAl‐modified catalysts compared with the non‐modified catalysts, the polymerization proceeded as a pseudo‐zero‐order reaction with a reaction rate that increased as a function of titanium loading. Furthermore, it was found that the higher Ti loading caused the appearance of more acidic hydroxyl groups and modified the Cr sites by making them more Lewis acidic, ultimately shortening the induction time and increasing the initial polymerization rate.
Catalytic Decomposition of N2O over Co–Ti Oxide Catalysts: Interaction between Co and Ti Oxide
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Zhiping , Sui Chao , Yuan Fulong , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhu Yujun
Published: May 2016

A series of CoxTi catalysts with different Co/Ti molar ratios (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) were prepared by the sol‐gel method and used for N2O decomposition. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), TEM, temperature‐programmed reduction with H2, temperature‐programmed desorption of O2, diffuse reflectance UV/Vis, Raman spectra, and N2 adsorption–desorption measurements. The results indicate that the CoxTi catalysts possess high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, more surface Co3+, and even better structural stability than Co3O4 as a result of the strong interactions between Co and Ti oxide. Deactivation occurred over time for the Co3O4 catalyst, however, Co0.6Ti maintains nearly 100 % N2O conversion for at least 30 h. Moreover, the Co0.6Ti catalyst showed much stronger resistance against 1.5 vol. % O2, 2.4 vol. % H2O, or 1.6 vol. % NO in the feed compared with the Co3O4 catalyst. The excellent activity of the Co0.6Ti catalyst can be attributed to the higher amount of surface Co3+ derived from the interaction of the Co and Ti oxide in the CoxTi catalysts.
Serotonin‐containing neurons in basal insects: In search of ground patterns among tetraconata
Authors: Stemme Torben , Stern Michael , Bicker Gerd
Published: May 2016

The ventral nerve cord of Tetraconata contains a comparably low number of serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons, facilitating individual identification of cells and their characteristic neurite morphology. This offers the rather unique possibility of establishing homologies at the single cell level. Because phylogenetic relationships within Tetraconata are still discussed controversially, comparisons of individually identifiable neurons can help to unravel these issues. Serotonin immunoreactivity has been investigated in numerous tetraconate taxa, leading to reconstructions of hypothetical ground patterns for major lineages. However, detailed descriptions of basal insects are still missing, but are crucial for meaningful evolutionary considerations. We investigated the morphology of individually identifiable serotonin‐immunoreactive neurons in the ventral nerve cord of Zygentoma (Thermobia domestica, Lepisma saccharina, Atelura formicaria) and Archaeognatha (Machilis germanica, Dilta hibernica). To improve immunocytochemical resolution, we also performed preincubation experiments with 5‐hydroxy‐L‐tryptophan and serotonin. Additionally, we checked for immunolabeling of tryptophan hydroxylase, an enzyme associated with the synthesis of serotonin. Besides the generally identified groups of anterolateral, medial, and posterolateral neurons within each ganglion of the ventral nerve cord, we identified several other immunoreactive cells, which seem to have no correspondence in other tetraconates. Furthermore, we show that not all immunoreactive neurons produce serotonin, but have the capability for serotonin uptake. Comparisons with the patterns of serotonin‐containing neurons in major tetraconate taxa suggest a close phylogenetic relationship of Remipedia, Cephalocarida, and Hexapoda, supporting the Miracrustacea hypothesis. J. Comp. Neurol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:79–115, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A robust affine projection sign algorithm against the high power of measurement noises
Authors: Yoo JinWoo , Shin JaeWook , Song Insun , Park P.
Published: May 2016

This paper proposes a novel robust affine projection sign algorithm (R‐APSA) through a modified criterion that consists of the Euclidean norm of the sum of the difference between the present weight vector and the previous weight vectors. Because the filter update equation of the proposed R‐APSA is obtained from the modified criterion, it has robustness against the high power of measurement noises. Moreover, due to the characteristic inherent in the original APSA, the proposed R‐APSA performs well even though impulsive noises occur. Simulation results verify that the proposed R‐APSA attains smaller steady‐state errors than the existing released algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residential cognitive‐behavioral weight‐loss intervention for obesity with and without binge‐eating disorder: A prospective case–control study with five‐year follow‐up
Authors: Calugi Simona , Ruocco Antonella , El Ghoch Marwan , Andrea Coppini , Geccherle Eleonora , Sartori Federica , Dalle Grave Riccardo
Published: May 2016

Objective

The aim of this prospective case–control study was to compare the long‐term effects of a residential cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight loss in severely obese patients with and without binge‐eating disorder (BED).

Methods

We assessed weight‐loss outcomes and psychological impairment in 54 severely obese female patients with BED and 54 patients matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) without BED admitted to a residential CBT program. Body weight was measured at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up and was reported by patients in a telephone interview at 5‐year follow‐up. Depression, eating disorder psychopathology, general psychopathology, and quality of life were assessed using validated instruments at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

Obese patients with and without BED had similar weight loss at 6‐month and 5‐year follow‐ups. Although both groups showed improved psychosocial variables, at 6 months the BED group maintained higher psychological impairment. Nevertheless, at 5‐year follow‐up more than half of the BED participants were no longer classifiable as having BED.

Discussion

The presence of BED does not affect weight‐loss outcome in obese patients treated with the residential CBT for weight loss program considered. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:723–730)
Classifying eating disorders based on “healthy” and “unhealthy” perfectionism and impulsivity
Authors: Slof‐Op't Landt Margarita C.T. , Claes Laurence , van Furth Eric F.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Perfectionism and impulsivity are associated with eating disorders (EDs). The current study examines whether clinically relevant subgroups of women with EDs can be identified based on “healthy” and “unhealthy” perfectionism and impulsivity.

Method

Latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed on data of 844 patients (DSM‐IV diagnosis: 381 anorexia nervosa, 146 bulimia nervosa, 56 binge‐eating disorder, 261 ED not otherwise specified). “Healthy” and “unhealthy” forms of perfectionism and impulsivity were assessed by the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory, respectively. The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was completed to assess ED psychopathology. Furthermore, in 229 patients additional ED symptoms, depression, self‐esteem, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, and personality features were assessed.

Results

The LPA revealed four profiles; 1. “Healthy Impulsivity” (HI; n = 191), 2. “Unhealthy Impulsivity” (UI; n = 238), 3. “Healthy and Unhealthy Perfectionism” (HP + UP; n = 153), 4. “Healthy Perfectionism” (HP; n = 262). Patients belonging to the “HP + UP” and the “UI” classes reported higher levels of ED psychopathology. More severe comorbid symptoms (depressive, obsessive‐compulsive and self‐esteem) were found in the patients belonging to the “HP + UP” class. Patients from the “HP + UP” and “HP” classes had higher scores for the personality features Harm Avoidance, Persistence and Cooperativeness.

Discussion

Women with EDs could be meaningfully grouped according to perfectionism and impulsivity. These findings can be used to improve treatment matching and intervention strategies. The use of dimensional features, like perfectionism and impulsivity, in ED research, may enable the identification of fundamental underlying mechanisms and provide more insight into potential mechanisms that may drive or maintain disordered eating. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:673–680)
Preparation of a Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube/Cd0.8Zn0.2S Nanocomposite and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Activity
Authors: Peng Bosi , Liu Xiaojing , Li Renjie
Published: May 2016

Single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and Cd0.8Zn0.2S nanocomposites were fabricated by a coprecipitation process with prefunctionalized SWCNTs as the starting material. The resultant SWCNT/Cd0.8Zn0.2S composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The addition of SWCNTs improve both the visible‐light‐induced activity and stability for H2 production of Cd0.8Zn0.2S, and 10 wt.‐% SWCNT/Cd0.8Zn0.2S exhibits a maximum activity (632 mmol h–1) for H2 production that is ca. 1.40 times higher than that (451 mmol h–1) of Cd0.8Zn0.2S alone. This enhanced photoactivity of Cd0.8Zn0.2S through the incorporation of SWCNTs can be attributed to the synergetic effects of the intrinsic properties of its components; the functionalized SWCNTs act as the supporting matrix and electron acceptor of Cd0.8Zn0.2S and cause an effective charge separation at the SWCNT/Cd0.8Zn0.2S interfaces and an improvement in the photoactivity and stability for H2 production.