bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Modal terhadap Kinerja Keuangan BUMN Sektor Konstruksi: Peran Financial Distress sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Endiramurti Saktiana Rizki , Chayati Nur , Kuriniawati Estetika Mutiaranisa , Prasetyanto Didik
Published: July 2022

Capital structure decision represents one of the most crucial financing decisions that can affect firm performance and firm value through the cost of capital. The purpose of this research is to explore the effect of capital structure on firm performance and the moderating effect of financial distress. This research used 63 data observations of 7 Indonesia SOEs in the construction sector for the period from 2010 to 2019. Multiple and Moderated Regression Analyses were used to investigate the effect of capital structure and financial distress on firm performance. The results indicate that the capital structure has a negative effect on ROA and ROE.  and that this effect is stronger for firms with higher financial distress risk. This research is to provide further enrichment related to capital structure, financial distress, and firm performance, especially for SOEs in the construction sector in Indonesia.
 
ABSTRAK
 
Keputusan struktur modal merupakan salah satu keputusan pendanaan yang paling penting yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan dan nilai perusahaan melalui biaya modal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh struktur modal dan kinerja keuangan serta pengaruh moderasi financial distress pada hubungan struktur modal dan kinerja keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 63 data dari 7 BUMN Sektor Konstruksi di Indonesia untuk periode 2010 – 2019. Multiple dan Moderated Regression Analyses digunakan untuk menguji pengaruh pengaruh struktur modal dan kinerja keuangan serta pengaruh moderasi financial distress pada hubungan struktur modal dan kinerja keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal berpengaruh negatif terhadap ROA dan ROE, dan bahwa efek ini lebih kuat untuk perusahaan dengan risiko kesulitan keuangan yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini untuk memberikan pengayaan lebih lanjut terkait struktur permodalan, financial distress, dan kinerja perusahaan khususnya bagi BUMN di sektor konstruksi di Indonesia.
Pengaruh Lokasi Dan Keberagaman Produk Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Dengan Harga Sebagai Variable Moderasi Pada Umkm Di Sepanjang Jalan Semangka
Authors: Laura Netty , Afivah Maesaroh
Published: July 2022

It is not easy to make efforts in the open. It takes preparation and maturity in planning, especially if the company is going to be opened in the heart of the city, where there are always other MSMEs selling the same products. Destination conducted this research as an effort to assist SMEs in determining strategies in choosing the place and form of product variation to be sold, by investigating whether there is an influence of location and product diversity on buying interest with price as a moderating variable. The method used in this research is Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS (3.3.0) software. With data collection techniques and a widely distributed online questionnaire, 135 responses were collected. According to research findings, there is a positive and quite large effect of product diversity and price on buying interest. While location does not have a significant effect on buying interest, if moderated by price, location has a negative effect on buying interest.
Analisis Efektivitas Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Melalui Instrumen Syariah dan Konvensional Dalam Memengaruhi Inflasi di Indonesia
Authors: Aqidah Nur Ariani , Ishak Ishak , Takdir Takdir , Azzahra Mutmainnah
Published: July 2022

This research analyze the transmission of monetary policy through the syariah instrument and conventional instrument in influencing inflation in Indonesia with data analysis techniques using the Vector Error Correction Model. The data used in the research obtained from the 2016-2020 Indonesian Economic and Financial Statistics annual report, 2016-2020 Consumer Price Index data from Central Bureau of Statistics, the 2016-2020 Banking Statistics annual report and the 2016-2020 Islamic Banking Statistics annual report. The test results on the syariah instrument indicators show that the Consumer Price Index gives a negative response to shocks that occur in FINC and SBIS, while the Consumer Price Index gives a positive response to shocks that occur in DPK and PUAS. The test results on the conventional instrument indicators show that the Consumer Price Index gives a negative response to shocks that occur in LOAN, DPK and SBI, while the Consument Price Index gives a positive response to shocks that occur in PUAB. And the results of the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition test show that the influence of indicators from the syariah instrument variable simultaneously in influencing the Consumer Price Index as a proxy for inflation is greater than the indicators from the conventional instrument variable.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Akuntansi dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan dengan SIA sebagai Variabel Moderasi
Authors: Dayanti Euis , Putra Robiur Rahmat
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide evidence on the impact and provide recommendations to companies on strategies to improve company performance. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method. The population in this study are employees who work in finance & accounting in Jabodetabek. The number of samples in this study were 282 respondents with data collection techniques using questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of PLS. The results of this study prove that accounting ability has a significant and significant effect on company performance, organizational culture has a significant and significant effect on company performance, accounting information systems have a significant and significant effect on company performance, and accounting information systems influence/capable of moderating accounting capabilities and organizational culture on company performance. The implication of this research is to recommend to companies related to efforts to improve company performance by paying more attention to accounting capabilities, organizational culture and accounting information systems. The role of the Accounting Information System here is very large, because seeing its large role it directly affects the company's performance and at the same time is able to moderate accounting capabilities and organizational culture on company performance. In addition, the company must propose strategic methods such as providing a good and adequate accounting information system, education, training, and motivation for employees in supporting the work of course this is also a strategic way to improve company performance.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) Se-Kota Palembang
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Ichsan , Cahyadi Afriyadi , Igamo Alghifari Mahdi , Nurdiawansyah Nurdiawansyah , Saggaf Abdullah
Published: July 2022

This study measures the financial performance of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) throughout the city of Palembang from 2014-2018 using profitability ratios and liquidity ratios. The phenomenon that occurred in one of the State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in the city of Palembang in 2019 experienced a decrease in profit compared to the previous year. The type of research conducted in this study uses quantitative research in the form of financial reports. The approach in this study uses a descriptive approach. The types and sources of data used to support the discussion carried out in this study are secondary data. Secondary data obtained and collected by researchers related to financial statements. The population in this study were all State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). The sample in this study was selected using the purposive sampling method of State-Owned Enterprises throughout the city of Palembang such as PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) and PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk (Persero). The results obtained after analyzing the financial performance of two State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) from 2014-2018 from PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) and PT. Semen Baturaja Tbk (Persero) showed poor results in terms of profitability and liquidity ratios. The profitability ratio as measured by the profit margin ratio, Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) indicates a decline in financial performance for five years. The liquidity ratio as measured by the quick and current ratio shows a decline in financial performance from 2014-2017. It was only in 2018 that the fast and smooth ratio showed an increasing graph.
Academics Human Capital Dan Kinerja Dosen Akuntansi
Authors: Rudiyanto Rudiyanto , Sutisna Ade Jaya
Published: July 2022

This article focuses on the performance problems of accounting lecturers who reflect the performance of private universities in Banten province. The aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the relationship between the Academic Human Capital (knowledge, competence, dynamic capacities, working capacity, critical capacity) and the performance of accounting lecturers in private universities of Banten province. Data were collected using questionnaires sent personally to each accounting lecturer in Banten province. Individual lecturers used as units of analysis. Data obtained from 291 accounting lecturers were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). This article reveals that academics human capital (AHC) with dimensions of knowledge, competency, and critics-capacity. Thus are the main factors in improving the performance of accounting lecturers efficiently and effectively. The Universities managed with higher AHC have a significant impact on lecturers' work (Tri Dharma Higher Education). This study offers College leaders several aspects related to the intangible assets (AHC) function, especially in developing their managerial performance. The provision of investment allocations for the three dimensions of the AHC can facilitate more effective managerial's decisions. The information of this research is helpful for universities to design and develop strategic policies in the long run.
Anayasal Temel Hakların İkincil Doğrudan Üçüncü -Taraf- Etkisi ve Anayasa Yargılamasında Hâkimin Hukuku Uygulamasında Uyacağı On İki Metodolojik Temel İlke
Authors: ANTALYA Osman Gökhan
Published: July 2022

Hukuk düzeninde değerler sisteminin yapı taşını oluşturan anayasal temel haklar; bireye devlete karşı koruma (savunma) hakkı verirken, devlete de bireyi koruma yükümlülüğü yükler. Bu kapsamda temel hakların, bireylerin doğrudan uygulanabilir taleplerini içeren sübjektif-hukuki boyutu ve tüm hukuk sistemi içinde hakların gerçekleştirilmesini ilgilendiren objektif-hukuki boyutu vardır. Temel hakların, devlet ve vatandaş arasındaki ilişkilerin yoğunlaşmasını ifade etmek üzere ‘‘özel hukukun anayasallaşması’’ndan bahsedilmektedir. Bu bağlamda doktrinde gelişen ve Kıta Avrupası hukuk sistemlerinin yüksek mahkeme içtihatlarında da başvurulan ‘‘temel hakların üçüncü –taraf- etkisi’’, özel hukuk kişileri arasındaki yatay ilişkide temel hakların geçerliliğini ve uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde, hukukun yorumlanmasında (anayasaya uygun yorumla) dolaylı, tamamlanmasında ve düzeltilmesinde (anayasaya uygun yorumla) ikincil doğrudan etki olarak temel haklara başvurulabilmesini ifade eder. Temel hakların uygulanması dolaylıdır; doğrudan etkisi ise ikincildir. Bu yönüyle koruma yükümlülüğü ve üçüncü etki ile etkileşim içindedir ve birbirini tamamlamaktadır. Anayasa Mahkemesi, anayasa merkezli yorumla, bireysel başvuru yoluyla önüne gelen uyuşmazlıklarda, maddi olayda temel hakların ve devletin koruma yükümlülüğünün gözetilip gözetilmediğini denetler. Yine iptal davasında anayasa merkezli yorum yapacaktır. Bu çalışmada, temel hakların özel hukuk uyuşmazlığına uygulanmasına ilişkin teorik temeller ve buna ilişkin denetimde Anayasa Mahkemesi hâkiminin uyacağı on iki metodolojik ilke incelenmiştir.
Tidal water exchange drives fish and crustacean abundances in salt marshes
Authors: de la Barra P , Skov MW , Lawrence PJ , Schiaffi JI , Hiddink JG
Published: July 2022

Coastal salt marshes provide important habitat for fishes and crustaceans, including species of commercial value that feed or take refuge in the marsh. Yet population abundances vary considerably between sites, often without clear explanation. We hypothesised that faunal abundance and mean size would be positively related to 2 physical properties that govern marsh accessibility to water-dependent species, as has been found on the southeastern coast of the USA: (1) the volume of water exchanged by tidal flooding, which gives access to the marsh, and (2) edge amount, the length of the water-vegetation borderline per unit area where species can take refuge and feed. Digital terrain models and tidal information were used to select 5 marshes in Wales, UK, that differed in edge amount and water exchange (52°N, 4°W). Fishes and crustaceans were sampled using baited traps, fyke nets and seine nets. In total, 15 species were caught, including commercially valuable brown shrimp, European eel and sea bass. We found water exchange volume, but not edge amount, boosted fish and crustacean abundances. Crab and sea bass sizes were both negatively affected by water exchange, while shrimp and fish sizes were unaffected. Our findings show how the mechanisms that drive fish and crustacean abundances and sizes vary between geographical regions. Feasibly, fisheries associations with marsh hydrogeomorphology might operate differently as well.
DETERMINATION OF POLYLIGAND COMPLEXES OF COBALT (II) WITH CITRATE AND PYROPHOSPHATE IONS
Authors: Nikitenko Vasyl , Kublanovsky Valeriy , Yapontseva Yuliya
Published: July 2022

In the work it is shown by the spectrophotometry method that depending on the concentration ratio of ligands [PPi4–]/[Cit3–] in the pyrophosphate-citrate electrolyte, cobalt (II) ions form not only citrate [Co(Cit)2]4– and pyrophosphate [Co(PPi)2]6–, but also polyligand complexes [Co(PPi)m(Cit)n]+2–(4m+3n). The composition of polyligand complexes [Co(PPi)Cit]5– was determined, and the equilibrium constant of the reaction of their formation and the constant of their stability were calculated (pβ=8.47). The dependence of the degree of formation of citrate, polyligand, and pyrophosphate complexes of cobalt (II) in the pyrophosphate-citrate electrolyte on the logarithm of the ratio of equilibrium concentrations of ligands is calculated.
PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF MESOPOROUS TiO2 (ANATAS) IN THE REACTION OF HYDROGEN RELEASE FROM AQUEOUS-ETHANOLIC MIXTURE
Authors: Ermokhina Natalia , Korzhak Anna , Klymchuk Dmytro , Puziy Alexander , Grebennikov Volodimir , Romanovska Natalia , Shulzhenko Olexandr , Manorik Petro
Published: July 2022

Samples of mesoporous nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (anatase with a crystallite size of about 10 nm) were obtained by a modified sol-gel method in the presence of a template of dibenzo-18-crown-6 and small additives of surfactant (dodecylmethylethylammonium bromide) or ions of lanthanum (III) in butyl alcohol in combination with hydrothermal treatment at 175 °C for 24 hours followed by calcination in air at 500 °C for 4 hours. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2 samples was investigated in a model reaction of the photocatalytic release of H2 from an aqueous-ethanol mixture. It was found that in all cases the use of hydrothermal treatment significantly increases the photoactivity of the obtained sample, which in some cases is more than 3-4 times higher than the corresponding characteristic for commercial photocatalyst Evonik P25. The key effect of hydrothermal treatment on the increase of photoactivity of the samples is probably the consequence of a drastic increase in the treated samples of pore volume and diameter, as well as a decrease in the size of anatase crystallites. These changes (along with a significant increase in the specific surface area) are greater for samples obtained in the presence of La3+ ions. It is shown that samples of TiO2 microspheres obtained at the same concentrations of reagents in the reaction mixture show slightly higher photocatalytic activity than the corresponding lanthanum-stabilized samples of mesoporous TiO2 powders (micrometer-scale particles are not formed in the presence of lanthanum (III) ions). However, with an increasing concentration of reagents in the reaction mixture, the photocatalytic activity has the sample containing lanthanum. Probably, this can be explained by the high textural characteristics of the TiO2 sample in combination with the peculiarities of its morphology - the formation of secondary nanoparticles of agglomerated formations and the influence of La3+ ions. It is worth noting that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 samples prepared in the presence of La3+ ions reduces as their specific surface area decreases.
De 'youtubers' a 'cultubers'. Un fenómeno de divulgación académica, cultural y científica en YouTube
Authors: Buitrago Álex , Martín García Alberto , Beltrán Flandoli Ana María
Published: July 2022

El término youtuber ha arrastrado connotaciones negativas cuando se ha visto reducido únicamente para definir a los creadores de YouTube ligados al sector del videojuego y el entretenimiento. Paralelamente al éxito cuantitativo de este tipo de youtubers, en los últimos años han ido emergiendo en esta plataforma divulgadores de prácticamente la totalidad de campos académicos, culturales y científicos. Dentro de la realidad digital de habla hispana, han surgido comunidades como Cultube que reúnen a este tipo de creadores y promocionan esta nueva vía de divulgación científica en la red social de vídeo con mayor popularidad. Basándonos en una metodología cualitativa a partir de la teoría fundamentada, este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis semiótico-discursivo realizado sobre la totalidad de las intervenciones efectuadas en las tres ediciones de Cultube celebradas hasta la fecha: 2018, 2019 y 2021. Este caso de estudio sirve también para profundizar en el fenómeno global y creciente de los divulgadores científicos en YouTube, su papel en la democratización mundial del aprendizaje asociada a los nuevos medios y sus potencialidades para el futuro.
'survival horror' enmarcado en la cultura del miedo: análisis de los videojuegos 'Amnesia' y 'Visage'
Authors: Campos Méndez Antonio , Rebollo-Bueno Sara
Published: July 2022

En un contexto marcado por la cultura del miedo es interesante conocer cómo este se refleja en las manifestaciones culturales, ya sean estas literarias, cinematográficas o videolúdicas. En este estudio se identifican los rasgos y características del contexto que aparecen en las mecánicas, dinámicas y estéticas del juego (MDA, por sus siglas en inglés) en el survival horror, un género que coloca al jugador como protagonista en primera persona y donde la muerte es el principal atractivo. Para ello, se realiza un análisis de casos MDA de Amnesia: The Dark Descent (Frictional Games, 2010) y Visage (SadSquare Studio, 2020). De esta forma, se obtienen conclusiones como, por ejemplo, la importancia que le otorga el jugador a la supervivencia a miedos que ni siquiera forman parte de la narrativa o, incluso, a cómo evitar a los enemigos, pues suele ser la única oportunidad del jugador para hacer frente a sus temores.
Incitación al consumo de juguetes a través de youtubers infantiles. Estudio de caso
Authors: López Bolás Alba , Neira Placer Paula , Visiers Elizaincin Ana , Feijoo Fernández Beatriz
Published: July 2022

Cuando los contenidos de youtubers se centran en el consumo excesivo de juguetes en un entorno privado como el hogar y transmiten emociones positivas vinculadas a su uso, se genera una fuerte influencia especialmente si se dirigen a un público tan vulnerable como el infantil. Si no se identifica el interés comercial de estos vídeos, la capacidad de sugestionar al menor es todavía mayor. Esto provoca que el contacto de niños de entre tres y seis años con influencers en YouTube sea uno de los principales desafíos a los que se enfrenta la sociedad. En este estudio de caso se han analizado todos los contenidos publicados en Vlad y Niki, uno de los canales de youtubers infantiles más populares del mundo desde su apertura en 2018 hasta 2021. Los resultados demuestran que los niños introducen con naturalidad y en su hogar una cantidad desproporcionada de marcas de juguetes en sus vídeos sin señalizar que se trata de un acuerdo publicitario. Estos niños influencers incitan al consumo de juguetes al utilizarlos en situaciones cotidianas de forma entretenida. Se proponen medidas preventivas para que la publicidad de juguetes no potencie un deseo excesivo por conseguir y acumular nuevos productos por parte de esta audiencia.
Instagram como herramienta motivacional docente: Estudio de caso
Authors: Mora de la Torre Victoria , González Caballero Marta
Published: July 2022

La actividad docente conlleva la formación y adecuación constantes en nuevas tecnologías y herramientas para el aprendizaje. El uso de redes sociales en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje es una práctica cada vez más extendida, aunque su aplicación en términos de motivación y comunicación, como instrumento para promover mayor compromiso con el alumnado, todavía está pendiente. La presente propuesta contextualiza el empleo de Instagram como un útil que permite establecer vínculos de confianza entre los integrantes del proceso formativo, posibilitando la adquisición de conocimientos, así como de las competencias transversales asociadas al título de Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior de Realización de proyectos audiovisuales y espectáculos, impartido en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Para ello se analizan las publicaciones realizadas en una cuenta educativa gestionada por el docente desde 2017 hasta 2021, de cara a validar su uso y repercusión. Dicho análisis demuestra que los estudiantes demandan este tipo de iniciativas, siendo especialmente útiles en el contexto de trabajos prácticos, en lo relacionado con la información y comunicación de actividades a desarrollar, así como en lo concerniente a la visibilidad de sus proyectos y al fortalecimiento de la motivación hacia los contenidos de la titulación cursada.
política a la que jugamos. Cultura, videojuegos y ludificción política en la plataforma Steam
Authors: Gómez-García Salvador , Chicharro-Merayo Mar , Vicent-Ibáñez Mireya , Durántez-Stolle Patricia
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación parte de la reconocida influencia de los medios de comunicación en la esfera y el discurso político, así como de la popularidad de la plataforma Steam en la distribución de videojuegos para ordenador. De este modo, se propone un análisis de los rasgos del discurso de las fichas de los juegos de contenido político en este medio de distribución de contenidos. La selección de la muestra parte de una serie de palabras clave (Politics, Political y Political Sim) para identificar un conjunto representativo de juegos (n=64) que desarrollan algún aspecto de la política contemporánea (representaciones, ideologías o modelos de gobierno). Para ello, se combina el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de los paratextos de estos juegos (concretamente, los contenidos presentes en la ficha de cada uno de ellos). La exploración de estos contenidos destaca una lectura de la actividad política de corte pragmático y normativo, influido por su contexto de producción y ciertos vectores ideológicos del escenario contemporáneo como la ideología neoliberal.
Nuevos formatos del vídeo electoral en redes. La estrategia multiplataforma de los partidos españoles en las elecciones de 2019
Authors: Plazas-Olmedo Maite , López-Rabadán Pablo
Published: July 2022

Tras décadas de influencia televisiva, la imagen y el lenguaje audiovisual se han convertido en elementos centrales de la comunicación política. La irrupción de las redes sociales ha dinamizado todavía más el uso estratégico del vídeo, al permitir una difusión autónoma de contenidos y una aproximación más cercana a los ciudadanos. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la gestión del vídeo en redes como herramienta electoral desde un enfoque multiplataforma novedoso. A partir de un modelo propio de análisis de contenido, se revisa formato y nivel de espectacularización de los vídeos, y se comparan estrategias partidistas. La muestra la componen 2566 vídeos de campaña publicados en las cuentas de Twitter, Instagram, Facebook y YouTube de los cinco partidos estatales más votados en las elecciones generales de noviembre de 2019: PSOE, PP, VOX, Podemos y Ciudadanos. Los resultados muestran la aparición de nuevos formatos como el spot digital y una difusión estratégica diferenciada por plataformas. La espectacularización se manifiesta, sobre todo, en la apuesta por la personalización sobre el líder, al que se le asignan atributos de carácter profesional.
Origen y evolución del modelo técnico-cultural en la enseñanza del periodismo en España (1887-1975)
Authors: Alcalá-Santaella-Oria-de-Rueda María , Bonete Vizcaino Fernando
Published: July 2022

Durante buena parte del siglo XX, la enseñanza del periodismo en España recorrió el camino hacia su actual consideración universitaria. Tradi-cionalmente, se ha pensado que el modelo de formación superior de los perio-distas españoles ha tenido un carácter mixto, combinando las asignaturas de carácter cultural, con las puramente técnicas. La finalidad de esta investigación es indagar con sistematicidad científica en el origen y proceso de evolución de este modelo mediante la presentación de las iniciativas pioneras no formales —de 1887 a 1926— y el análisis de las contenidas en los planes de estudio, desde los primeros momentos hasta que la disciplina periodística pasa a ser considerada formación universitaria de manera oficial. En total, este estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de carácter descriptivo comprende ocho décadas de historia (1887-1975) y un total de catorce planes de estudios de siete entidades formativas. La investigación constata empíricamente cómo todas esas etapas tienen un denominador común: el carácter mixto de los planes de estudios.
Publicidad a medida. Impacto de las variables sociodemográficas en los contenidos comerciales que los menores reciben en el móvil
Authors: Feijoo Beatriz , Sádaba Charo
Published: July 2022

La preferencia de los menores por el teléfono móvil como vía de acceso a internet se constata a nivel global. Su consumo de contenidos está íntimamente asociado a la presencia de intereses comerciales que ven en este grupo de edad un segmento de mucho interés presente y futuro. Las posibilidades de segmentación que ofrece la tecnología, sumadas a las que añade el carácter personal del dispositivo, abren muchas consideraciones estratégicas, pero también éticas sobre la personalización de los contenidos con base en perfiles y pautas de comportamiento online. A través del análisis de contenido de 2410 anuncios, que menores de entre 10 y 14 años del Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile recibieron en sus teléfonos móviles, se busca averiguar si las variables sociodemográficas inciden en el tipo de publicidad que consumen. Se añade también la variable posesión del móvil como elemento de estudio. Los resultados apuntan a diferencias significativas de la publicidad a la que son expuestos en función de todas las variables, lo que plantea consideraciones éticas de gran calado.
Derivation of the Gait Deviation Index for Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Herrera-Valenzuela Diana , Sinovas-Alonso Isabel , Moreno Juan C. , Gil-Agudo Ángel , del-Ama Antonio J.
Published: July 2022

The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) is a dimensionless multivariate measure of overall gait pathology represented as a single score that indicates the gait deviation from a normal gait average. It is calculated using kinematic data recorded during a three-dimensional gait analysis and an orthonormal vectorial basis with 15 gait features that was originally obtained using singular value decomposition and feature analysis on a dataset of children with cerebral palsy. Ever since, it has been used as an outcome measure to study gait in several conditions, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, the validity of implementing the GDI in a population with SCI has not been studied yet. We investigate the application of these mathematical methods to derive a similar metric but with a dataset of adults with SCI (SCI-GDI). The new SCI-GDI is compared with the original GDI to evaluate their differences and assess the need for a specific GDI for SCI and with the WISCI II to evaluate its sensibility. Our findings show that a 21-feature basis is necessary to account for most of the variance in gait patterns in the SCI population and to provide high-quality reconstructions of the gait curves included in the dataset and in foreign data. Furthermore, using only the first 15 features of our SCI basis, the fidelity of the reconstructions obtained in our population is higher than that when using the basis of the original GDI. The results showed that the SCI-GDI discriminates most levels of the WISCI II scale, except for levels 12 and 18. Statistically significant differences were found between both indexes within each WISCI II level except for 12, 20, and the control group (p < 0.05). In all levels, the average GDI value was greater than the average SCI-GDI value, but the difference between both indexes is larger in data with greater impairment and it reduces progressively toward a normal gait pattern. In conclusion, the implementation of the original GDI in SCI may lead to overestimation of gait function, and our new SCI-GDI is more sensitive to larger gait impairment than the GDI. Further validation of the SCI-GDI with other scales validated in SCI is needed.
Magnetic-Driven Hydrogel Microrobots Selectively Enhance Synthetic Lethality in MTAP-Deleted Osteosarcoma
Authors: Mu Haoran , Liu Chenlu , Zhang Qi , Meng Huanliang , Yu Shimin , Zeng Ke , Han Jing , Jin Xinmeng , Shi Shi , Yu Peiyao , Li Tianlong , Xu Jing , Hua Yingqi
Published: July 2022

Background: Drugs based on synthetic lethality have advantages such as inhibiting tumor growth and affecting normal tissue in vivo. However, specific targets for osteosarcoma have not been acknowledged yet. In this study, a non-targeted but controllable drug delivery system has been applied to selectively enhance synthetic lethality in osteosarcoma in vitro, using the magnetic-driven hydrogel microrobots.

Methods: In this study, EPZ015666, a PRMT5 inhibitor, was selected as the synthetic lethality drug. Then, the drug was carried by hydrogel microrobots containing Fe3O4. Morphological characteristics of the microrobots were detected using electron microscopy. In vitro drug effect was detected by the CCK-8 assay kit, Western blotting, etc. Swimming of microrobots was observed by a timing microscope. Selective inhibition was verified by cultured tumors in an increasing magnetic field.

Results: Genomic mutation of MTAP deletion occurred commonly in pan-cancer in the TCGA database (nearly 10.00%) and in osteosarcoma in the TARGET database (23.86%). HOS and its derivatives, 143B and HOS/MNNG, were detected by MTAP deletion according to the CCLE database and RT-PCR. EPZ015666, the PRMT5 inhibitor, could reduce the SDMA modification and inhibition of tumor growth of 143B and HOS/MNNG. The hydrogel microrobot drug delivery system was synthesized, and the drug was stained by rhodamine. The microrobots were powered actively by a magnetic field. A simulation of the selected inhibition of microrobots was performed and lower cell viability of tumor cells was detected by adding a high dose of microrobots.

Conclusion: Our magnetic-driven drug delivery system could carry synthetic lethality drugs. Meanwhile, the selective inhibition of this system could be easily controlled by programming the strength of the magnetic field.
Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
Authors: Funaro Alessia , Shim Vickie , Crouzier Marion , Mylle Ine , Vanwanseele Benedicte
Published: July 2022

The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest tendon of the human body and has a primary role in locomotor activities. The complex structure of the AT includes twisting of three sub-tendons, non-uniform tissue deformations and differential triceps surae muscle forces. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of commonly used rehabilitation exercises (walking on heels, walking on toes, unilateral heel rise, heel drop with extended knee and heel drop with the knee bent) and different twists on AT strains. 3D freehand ultrasound based subject-specific geometry and subject-specific muscle forces during different types of rehabilitation exercises were used to determine tendon strains magnitudes and differences in strains between the sub-tendons. In addition, three Finite Element models were developed to investigate the impact of AT twist. While walking on heels developed the lowest average strain, heel drop with knee bent exhibited the highest average strain. The eccentric heel drop resulted in higher peak and average strain, compared to concentric heel rise for all the three models. The isolated exercises (heel rise and heel drop) presented higher average strains compared to the functional exercises (walking tasks). The amount of twist influences the peak strains but not the average. Type I consistently showed highest peak strains among the five rehabilitation exercises. The ranking of the exercises based on the AT strains was independent of AT twist. These findings might help clinicians to prescribe rehabilitation exercises for Achilles tendinopathy based on their impact on the AT strains.
Bacteria Wear ICG Clothes for Rapid Detection of Intracranial Infection in Patients After Neurosurgery and Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy Against Streptococcus Mutans
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Deyun , Tang Hai , Zhu Yufu , Liu Hongmei , Yu Rutong
Published: July 2022

Bacterial infection is one of the most serious physiological conditions threatening human health. There is an increasing demand for more effective bacterial diagnosis and treatment through non-invasive approaches. Among current antibacterial strategies of non-invasive approaches, photothermal antibacterial therapy (PTAT) has pronounced advantages with properties of minor damage to normal tissue and little chance to trigger antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we developed a fast and simple strategy that integrated the sensitive detection and photothermal therapy of bacteria by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence following targeted photothermal lysis. First, 3-azido-d-alanine (d-AzAla) is selectively integrated into the cell walls of bacteria, photosensitizer dibenzocyclooctyne, and double sulfonic acid-modified indocyanine green (sulfo-DBCO-ICG) are subsequently designed to react with the modified bacteria through in vivo click chemistry. Next, the sulfo-DBCO-ICG modified bacteria under irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared laser was immediately detected by ATP bioluminescence following targeted photothermal lysis and even the number of bacteria on the infected tissue can be significantly reduced through PTAT. This method has demonstrated the ability to detect the presence of the bacteria for ATP value in 32 clinical samples. As a result, the ATP value over of 100 confirmed the presence of bacteria in clinical samples for 22 patients undergoing craniotomy and ten otitis media patients. Overall, this study paves a brand new avenue to facile diagnosis and a treatment platform for clinical bacterial infections.
Removal of Chromium (VI) by a Magnetic Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron–Assisted Chicken Manure-Derived Biochar: Adsorption Behavior and Synergetic Mechanism
Authors: Fang Shengqiong , Huang Xiaoyi , Xie Shuangling , Du Jiale , Zhu Jianlong , Wang Kai , Zhuang Qinglin , Huang Xuan
Published: July 2022

Using chicken manure as raw material to prepare activated carbon as a dispersant, a novel biochar-loaded nano-zerovalent iron composite (nZVI@CMBC) was developed and applied to remove hexavalent chromium, i.e., Cr(VI), in wastewater. The dispersion of nano-zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles on the surface of chicken manure–derived biochar (CMBC) successfully inhibited the aggregation of magnetic iron particles and effectively reduced the size of nZVI particles. The results demonstrated that under acidic conditions, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by the nZVI@CMBC composite could reach 124.12 mg g−1. The pseudosecond-order kinetic model had a good agreement with the adsorption kinetics of the nZVI@CMBC composite, implying that the adsorption of Cr(VI) is based on the multi-layer chemical adsorption. Therefore, this study provides a new clue and strategy for removing Cr(VI) in wastewater.
Targeted Plasmalogen Supplementation: Effects on Blood Plasmalogens, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Cognition, and Mobility in Cognitively Impaired Persons
Authors: Goodenowe Dayan B. , Haroon Jonathan , Kling Mitchel A. , Zielinski Margaret , Mahdavi Kennedy , Habelhah Barshen , Shtilkind Leah , Jordan Sheldon
Published: July 2022

Plasmalogens are a specific type of glycerophospholipid found in especially high levels in neuronal membranes. Decreased blood and brain levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) containing plasmalogens are associated with decreased cognition and neuromuscular function in humans. Administration of 1-O-alkyl-2-acylglycerol (AAG) plasmalogen precursors containing DHA at the sn-2 position dose-dependently increase blood DHA plasmalogens and are neuroprotective in animal models of neurodegeneration at doses between 10 and 50 mg/kg. We conducted an investigational clinical trial in 22 cognitively impaired persons to evaluate the effects of an escalating oral dosing regimen of DHA-AAG from 900 to 3,600 mg/day over a 4-month period on blood serum plasmalogen and non-plasmalogen phospholipids and oxidative stress biomarkers. Safety, tolerability and therapeutic effects on cognition and mobility were also evaluated. DHA plasmalogen levels increased with increasing dose and remained significantly elevated at all treatment doses and durations. DHA plasmalogen levels were positively associated with catalase activity and negatively associated with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. DHA-AAG supplementation normalized catalase activity in persons with low baseline catalase activity, normalized MDA levels in persons with high baseline MDA levels, and normalized superoxide dismutase activity in persons with high baseline SOD activity. Cognition improved in nine participants, was unchanged in nine, and declined in four. Mobility improved in twelve, was unchanged in five and declined in four participants. Changes in cognition and mobility were statistically significant versus a random outcome. Baseline DHA-plasmalogen levels were not predictive of clinical response. DHA-AAG was well tolerated at all dosages and no adverse reactions were observed.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists as Potential Myelination-Inducible and Anti-Demyelinating Remedies
Authors: Sango Kazunori , Takaku Shizuka , Tsukamoto Masami , Niimi Naoko , Yako Hideji
Published: July 2022

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were developed as insulinotropic and anti-hyperglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but their neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities have been receiving increasing attention. Myelin plays a key role in the functional maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shed light on the beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs on the formation and protection of myelin. In this article, we describe the potential efficacy of GLP-1RAs for the induction of axonal regeneration and remyelination following nerve lesions and the prevention and alleviation of demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis.
Novel Synthesis of Sensitive Cu-ZnO Nanorod–Based Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Authors: Arsalan Muhammad , Saddique Imram , Baoji Miao , Awais Azka , Khan Ilyas , Shamseldin Mohamed A. , Mehrez Sadok
Published: July 2022

We aimed to synthesize sensitive electrochemical sensors for hydrogen peroxide sensing by using zinc oxide nanorods grown on a fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode by using the facial hydrothermal method. It was essential to keep the surface morphology of the material (nanorods structure); due to its large surface area, the concerned material has enhanced detection ability toward the analyte. The work presents a non-enzymatic H2O2 sensor using vertically grown zinc oxide nanorods on the electrode (FTO) surfaces with Cu nanoparticles deposited on zinc oxide nanorods to enhance the activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods were used to characterize copper–zinc oxide nanorods. In addition to the high surface area, the hexagonal Cu-ZnO nanorods exhibited enhanced electrochemical features of H2O2 oxidation. Nanorods made from Cu-ZnO exhibit highly efficient sensitivity of 3415 μAmM−1cm−2 low detection limits (LODs) of 0.16 μM and extremely wide linear ranges (0.001–11 mM). In addition, copper-zinc oxide nanorods demonstrated decent reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity after being used for H2O2 sensing in water samples with an RSD value of 3.83%. Cu nanoparticles decorated on ZnO nanorods demonstrate excellent potential for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, providing a new way to prepare hydrogen peroxide detecting devices.
Solvent-Free Pyrolysis Strategy for the Preparation of Biomass Carbon Dots for the Selective Detection of Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Chen Menglin , Zhai Jichao , An Yulong , Li Yan , Zheng Yunwu , Tian Hao , Shi Rui , He Xiahong , Liu Can , Lin Xu
Published: July 2022

Biomass carbon dots (BCDs) have the advantages of being nontoxic, low cost and simple to prepare, have excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility and stability, and therefore have broad application prospects in areas such as heavy metal ion detection and optoelectronic devices. Herein, a simple, green, solvent-free method of preparing BCDs was developed. CDs with certain fluorescence properties were prepared by a solvent-free pyrolysis method at different temperatures using two abundant components (cellulose and lignin) of biomass resources as carbon sources. Both the cellulose CDs prepared at 300°C and the lignin CDs prepared at 350°C exhibited high quantum yields of 11.7% and 23.4%, respectively, a result that was mainly due to the high degree of graphitization. The analysis and results demonstrated the selectivity of CDs for the detection of various metal ion solutions. In particular, CDs are sensitive to Fe3+ and can be used as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of Fe3+, providing a more efficient, sustainable alternative for metal ion detection.
The Practical Utility of Imidazolium Hydrogen Sulfate Ionic Liquid in Fabrication of Lignin-Based Spheres: Structure Characteristic and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Stanisz Małgorzata , Klapiszewski Łukasz , Dobrowolska Anna , Piasecki Adam , Czaczyk Katarzyna , Jesionowski Teofil
Published: July 2022

In this study, lignin-based spherical particles (Lig-IL) with the use of 1-(propoxymethyl)-1H-imidazolium hydrogen sulfate were prepared in different biopolymer and ionic liquid (IL) weight ratios. The application of IL during the preparation of spherical particles is an innovative method, which may be beneficial for further applications. The particles were obtained with the use of the soft-templating method and their chemical, structural and morphological characterization was performed. The spherical shape of products and their size (91–615 nm) was confirmed with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the particle size distribution results. The attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were analyzed to identify functional groups of all precursors and produced material and it was confirmed, that all materials exhibit characteristic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, but the presence of carbonyl group was detected. Moreover, the zeta potential analysis was performed to evaluate the electrokinetic behavior of obtained materials. It was confirmed, that all materials are colloidally stable in pH above 4. Produced lignin-based spherical particles were used for evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Particles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli (E. coli), a gram-negative one. It was observed, that only the material with the highest addition of IL showed the antibacterial properties against both strains. A reduction of 50% in the number of microorganisms was observed for particles with the addition of hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid in a 1:1 ratio after 1 h. However, all prepared materials exhibited the antibacterial activity against a gram-positive bacterium.
Neutrophil and Macrophage Response in Acinetobacter Baumannii Infection and Their Relationship to Lung Injury
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Xu Wei
Published: July 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) infection has become a threat to global public health. AB is one of the main pathogens causing nosocomial infections, especially ventilator-associated pneumonia. AB easily develops resistance against a variety of antibiotics, which makes the treatment of AB infections difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to study new treatment plans like anti-infection immunity. Both animal models of AB infection and in vitro cell experiments show that macrophages are activated in the early stage of the immune response and regulate the recruitment of neutrophils, thus playing a role in clearing AB. AB components and the immune responses they induce can lead to injury of the infected organ, mostly in the lungs. Understanding the response of innate immunity to ABs at different stages after infection and the relationship between the response and lung injury can help to develop new immunotherapy methods and prevent lung injury. This article provides a comprehensive review of the response of neutrophils and macrophages to AB infection and their association with lung injury to develop effective therapies for AB infection and prevent lung injury.
The ABC of Governance Principles for Carbon Dioxide Removal Policy
Authors: Honegger Matthias , Baatz Christian , Eberenz Samuel , Holland-Cunz Antonia , Michaelowa Axel , Pokorny Benno , Poralla Matthias , Winkler Malte
Published: July 2022

Climate change mitigation actions, including those aimed at developing and scaling carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities spanning the industrial, energy, and agroforestry sector, emerge in a context of internationally shared norms that include governance objectives, legal provisions and informal expectations, and societal expectations. Established governance principles provide normative orientation for policy including when targeting the development and scaling of CDR. Knowledge of these principles can guide effective discussion and evaluation of policy options. To facilitate discussion of mitigation options among experts and CDR practitioners, this study excerpts governance principles from legislative texts, the climate governance literature, and the CDR literature with relevance to CDR policy considerations. To illustrate the relevance of the governance principles found for evaluating policy options, we apply them to three technology groups of CDR: Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS), and forestry. This exercise indicates the importance of more intensive attention to the normative dimension of mitigation policies in ongoing deliberative and planning processes. Such efforts can help disentangle normative and factual dimensions and sources of (dis)agreement on the role of CDR in specific climate policy contexts.