bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A oferta da formação de professores em educação física na modalidade de educação a distância no Brasil
Authors: Silva Rafael Teixeira da , Gawryszewski Bruno
Published: July 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a oferta da formação de professores de Educação Física na modalidade da Educação a Distância (EaD), buscando cotejar a sua expansão com as políticas educacionais e a participação do Estado como agente crucial na estratégia de expansão do ensino superior, especialmente para o setor privado. A metodologia de trabalho privilegiou a revisão bibliográfica sobre políticas de formação de professores por EaD e a extração de dados da Sinopse Estatística da Educação Superior dos anos de 2006, 2009, 2012 e 2015. Os resultados atestam a expansão contínua das matrículas por EaD nos cursos de Educação Física e que o crescimento tem se sustentado através das vagas ofertadas, sobretudo pela Universidade do Norte do Paraná (Unopar). O incremento dessa modalidade reforça a necessidade de aprofundamento nos estudos sobre um processo social que altera significativamente as formas de ensino e aprendizagem na educação superior e que cria um novo nicho de mercado para o setor privado, tutelado e estimulado pelas ações políticas do Estado.
Lutas democráticas contra o Urstaat
Authors: Gallo Silvio , Carvalho Alexandre Filordi de
Published: July 2019

A partir das pesquisas com o pensamento de Deleuze e de Guattari, o artigo centra-se na investigação do conceito de Urstaat para sustentar que as formas antidemocráticas atuais não passam de atualizações do próprio Urstaat. Ao desenvolver o que é o Urstaat e o seu avanço como arquétipo de um Estado primordial, apresentamos a hipótese de que a democracia é uma produção de relações subjetivas que necessariamente vão na direção contrária dos sensos e dos consensos do Estado. Para tanto, o artigo se vale do pensamento político de Rancière para defender o registro singular da democracia face a política universalista do Urstaat, já que se tratam dos lugares da multiplicidade e da máquina de guerra para se pensar as lutas democráticas contemporâneas. Ao cabo, trata-se de conceber a educação como experiência imprescindível e privilegiada de lutas democráticas antiurstáticas
Family-based collaborative eco-literacy model for sustainable city
Authors: Itafarida Sudar , Herupradoto Eduardus Bimo Aksono , Rosyidah Usma Nur Dian , Rusnaningtias Erlita
Published: July 2019

The process of adaptation and adoption of modern values by multicultural urban communities raises various problems, especially those related to the environment. In Surabaya and Sidoarjo, even though the Surabaya City Government and the Regional Government of Sidoarjo have carried out various environmental programs, the demands of a fast and practical modern lifestyle create egocentric and anthropocentric attitudes. Urban communities must take on the continuous socialization of ecocentric behavior that adopts modern values but must also maintain the value of local wisdom to support the realization of sustainable city. The family-based collaborative eco-literacy model is needed as a strategy to develop green living cultural values that can be practiced by all levels of society in various regions with different characteristics in both cities. This model directly touches the family as the main place to cultivate ecocentric mindset and behavior. Another consideration is that there is few government policies related to environment that directly target the family. This study illustrates how the family-based collaborative ecoliteracy model was applied to families in Surabaya and Sidoarjo and explains how the model has moved the attitudes and behavior of these families to those in line with ecocentric principles. By using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this model was applied to 16 families selected according to participant criteria. The subsequent changes in behavior were observed over a period of six months. The results of the application of the model show that each individual in the family collaborates and strengthens due to collective competence, which is an ecocentric value. Based on the orientation of green living values in eleven sustainable urban components, it can be concluded that almost all green city programs carried out by the government are intended to realize Surabaya and Sidoarjo as sustainable cities.
Settlement pattern and occupation shift among salt farmers
Authors: Prastiwi Merlia Indah
Published: July 2019

Madura can be seen as a microcosm of Indonesia as a whole through the various livelihoods of the Madurese people. Madura consists of people living along coastlines and this can be considered as representative of most Indonesian people. The primary occupations of the Madurese people are that of salt farmers and fishermen. Salt as a commercial business is cultivated by the community, is mostly located along the eastern and southern coastlines of Madura, and is adjusted to various circumstances, including lower rainfall in the area. During the rainy season, salt ponds are turned into shrimp ponds and farmers’ occupations change accordingly. The job of a salt farmer is not trouble-free. Problems arise from the erratic and uncertain climate and there are also threats of price instability and imported salt. Farmers are forced to accept such circumstances. This study contributes to the literature by exploring how the livelihood of salt farmers is representative of Indonesian’s maritime characteristics. Ironically, this sector has been increasingly abandoned and has become less desirable, though it plays a strategic industrial role in Indonesia. This study employed a qualitative method and determined its sample using the purposive sample technique. The informants were permanent salt farmers, salt farmers who also worked as shrimp farmers, and salt farmers who completely shifted to shrimp farming. This research was conducted in Lapak Daya, Dungkek, Sumenep. The findings showed that most salt farmers shifted their occupations to shrimp farmers because they considered it to be more profitable. However, some salt farmers who continued to survive in salt farming worked both as salt farmers and shrimp farmers. It was also found that salt farmers generally came from outside Madura, while those from Madura preferred changing their livelihood to farming shrimp due to the higher yields and the fact that the farming does not depend on seasonal changes. Although the number of salt farmers continues to decrease, there are some salt farmers who keep their occupation permanently.
Organizational culture mapping analysis through Organizational Culture Assessment (OCA)
Authors: Tama Kartika Mega
Published: July 2019

Organization is characterized by the different senses of culture and uniqueness that distinguish one’s entity from others. Culture plays an important role in organization as a good culture can provide organization support to achieve goals. Organizational culture acts as a guideline for an individual’s daily behavior that will influence the decision-making process and provide direction for leaders and members to achieve organizational goals. In its creation, organizational culture was built according to organization circumstances. Organizational culture has important roles in the maintenance and development of the organization’s vision and mission. Organizational culture is an essential tool in the improvement of organizational performance and member capability. Therefore, there is an need for the Karawitan Dance Activity Unit (UKTK) of Universitas Airlangga to project the state of the existing and expected culture of the organization. By conducting cultural mapping, existing visions and missions of an organization can be transformed. Organizational culture was measured by the Organizational Culture Assessment (OCA) method. The measurement is held by distributing instruments and contains 20 questions. The questionnaire was distributed to both leaders and members of the UKTK Airlangga University and its aim was to identify the expected culture of the university relative to the reality of culture. The results of the questionnaire showed that respondents felt the culture at the UKTK is of a mechanistic nature. Similarly, the expected culture of the UKTK is of a mechanistic nature. The compatibility between cultural reality and expectations in the UKTK supports organizational goals. This situation can generate good relationships between the leaders and members of the UKTK Airlangga University which results in harmony throughout the organization. The existing mechanistic organizational culture can be seen as a strategy by which to achieve the objectives of the UKTK in Airlangga University. The results of the study can also strengthen the organizational culture as it can be a powerful means by which to control and increase the consistent behavior of members of the organization. In addition, the awareness of the existing organizational culture can facilitate the implementation of work programs agreed upon by the UKTK organization of Airlangga University.
The Capability of the Riau Malay Customary Institution (LAM) in realizing the Riau 2020 Vision
Authors: Afandi Syed Agung , Pribadi Ulung
Published: July 2019

Riau LAM is a community organization that was present in the midst of the decline in the existence of Malay culture in Riau Province and became the only Malay community organization that was made a partner of the government. This research was conducted in Riau Province in 2018. This study aims to determine the capabilities of Riau LAM in realizing the vision of Riau 2020. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results showed that Riau LAM was unable to carry out planning so that it did not have goals, objectives, and strategies in running the organization. Compilation of organizational structures is not in accordance with existing rules, including the absence of written assignments. Placement of members of the organization is carried out with full interest, the absence of organizational development and oversight functions are ignored. Supporting factors for organizational performance are the possession of financial and physical resources derived from the Riau Provincial Government. The inhibiting factor of organizational performance is not qualified human resources, the lack of cooperation with the Riau Provincial Government, the attitude of the organization is not consistent in dealing with cultural dynamics, and the organization’s bad reputation for performance is not optimal. Thus, it was concluded that Riau LAM did not have the ability to support the government’s performance in realizing the vision of Riau 2020.
Sea Bass Immunization to Downsized Betanodavirus Protein Displayed in The Surface of Dna-Damaged Repair-Less Bacteria
Authors: Lama Raquel , Pereiro Patricia , Novoa Beatriz , Coll Julio
Published: July 2019

This work describes practical immunization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles against viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), a betanodavirus causing worldwide mortalities in many fish species. Protection was obtained with the so called spinycterin vehicles consisting in irreversibly DNA-damaged DNA-repair-less E.coli displaying at their surface a downsized antigen. In this work we, i) maximized bacterial expression levels by downsizing the C protein to a fragment (frgC91-220) containing most of its antigenicity, ii) developed an scalable autoinduction bacterial media based in soy-bean increasing membrane display and reproducibility, iii) enriched surface expression by screening different anchors from several prokaryotic origins (anchor+frgC91-220), iv) preserved frgC91-220 antigenicity by inactivating bacteria by irreversible DNA-damage by means of Ciprofloxacin, and v) increased safety using a repair-less E.coli strain as spinycterin chassis. These second generation of spinycterins protected fish against VNNV challenge with partial (Nmistic+frgC91-220) or 100 % (YBEL+frgC91-220 ) protection, in contrast to those fish immunized with frgC91-220 spinycterins. The proposed spinycterin platform has high levels of environmental safety and cost effectiveness, thus providing potential for small fish vaccines for sustainable aquaculture.
Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Ceftiofur Sodium Using Nonlinear Mixed-Effects in Healthy Beagle Dogs
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Schneider Benjamin , Xue Jiao , Sun Pan , Qiu Jicheng , Mochel Jonathan , Cao Xingyuan
Published: July 2019

Ceftiofur (CEF) sodium is a third-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin commonly used in an extra-label manner in dogs for the treatment of respiratory and urinary system infections. To contribute to the literature supporting CEF use in companion animals, we have developed a compartmental, nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model of CEF pharmacokinetics in dogs (PK). We then used the mathematical model to predict (via Monte Carlo simulation) the duration of time for which plasma concentrations of CEF and its pharmacologically active metabolites remained above minimum inhibitory concentrations (respiratory tractEscherichia coli spp). Twelve healthy beagle dogs were administered either 2.2 mg/kg ceftiofur-sodium (CEF-Na) intravenously (I.V) or 2.2 mg/kg CEF-Na subcutaneously (S.C). Plasma samples were collected over a period of 72 hours post-administration. To produce a measurement of total CEF, both CEF and CEF metabolites were derivatized into desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) before analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. No adverse effects were reported after I.V or S.C dosing. The NLME PK models were parameterized using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization algorithm as implemented in Monolix 2018R2. A two-compartment mamillary model with first-order elimination and first-order S.C absorption best described the available kinetic data. Final parameter estimates indicate that CEF has a low systemic clearance (0.25 L/h/kg) associated with a low global extraction ratio E = 0.02) and a moderate volume of distribution (2.97 L/kg) in dogs. The absolute bioavailability after S.C administration was high (93.7%). Gender was determined to be a significant covariate in explaining the variability of S.C absorption. Our simulations predicted that a dose of 2.2 mg/kg CEF-Na S.C would produce median plasma concentrations of CEF of at least 0.5 µg/mL (MIC50) for approximately 30 hours.
Estimating Parameters in Mathematical Model for Societal Booms through Bayesian Inference Approach
Authors: Ota Yasushi , Mizutani Naoki
Published: July 2019

In this study, based on our previous study, we examined the mathematical properties, especially the stability of the equilibrium for our proposed mathematical model. By means of the results of the stability in this study, we also used actual data representing transient booms and resurgent booms, and conducted parameter estimation for our proposed model using Bayesian inference. In addition, we conducted a model fitting to five actual data. By this study, we reconfirmed that we can express the resurgences or minute vibrations of actual data by means of our proposed model.
Litter Survival Differences between Divergently Selected Lines for Environmental Sensitivity in Rabbits
Authors: Agea Ivan , García María-Luz , Blasco Agustín , Argente María-José
Published: July 2019

A divergent selection experiment on environmental sensitivity was performed in rabbits. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlated response in kits’ weight and its survival, and weight distance from birth to weaning. Weight distance was calculated as the absolute values of the differences between the individual value and the mean value of its litter. Also, relationship between probability of survival at 4 d of age and weight at birth was studied. Environmental sensitivity was measured as litter size variability. A total of 2484 kits from 127 does of the low line (selected for reducing litter size variability) and 1916 kits of 114 does of the high line (selected for increasing litter size variability) of the 12th generation were weighed. Bayesian methodology was used to estimate the correlated response to selection, and LOGISTIC procedure of SAS was used to estimate the relationship between weight and probability of survival. Both lines showed similar individual weight at birth and at weaning, and similar survival at birth and at 4 d of age. Survival at weaning was higher in the low line than in the high line (0.67 and 0.62; P= 0.93). Weight distance was higher at birth but lower at weaning in the low line (47.8 g and 54.1 g; P=0.98). Kit’s weight at birth affected its survival. In conclusion, selection for environmental sensitivity showed correlated response in kits survival and in homogeneity of litter weight at weaning.
Oilfield Flares Provide a Glaring Reminder of the Drive To Produce More Oil
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: July 2019

Natural gas flared in just two major US shale plays exceeded the amount of gas consumed last year in Colombia and Israel.

The prolific waste from the Permian and the Bakken (Figs. 1 and 2) is a side effect of rising oil production in plays where gas growth is so strong pipeline construction cannot keep up.

Flaring is a glaring reminder of the realities of the never-ending rush to drill that is driving down the cost of oil and gas around the globe.

These oil-producing wells also produce more gas than processing plants and pipelines can move to market.

Pipelines and refineries have recognized that ultralight oil in the Permian is fundamentally different from West Texas Intermediate (WTI), with a make-up that puts it somewhere between oil and gas•liquids.

As those wells age, oil production falls as the output shifts to gas.

And the cost of sustaining production for the vast majority of producers has consistently exceeded the cash generated by these wells (Fig.• 3). The gap between capital expenditures and revenues was “a staggering $4.7•billion” during the first quarter of 2019, according to a study by Alisa Lukash, a senior analyst on Rystad Energy’s North American shale team, who described it as a “tremendous overspend.”

Both the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and Rystad have raised outlooks that already predicted strong US oil growth. Flaring growth and overspending have accompanied a rebound in growth in the Permian and Bakken, which are the flaring leaders by far in the US.

More than half of the total comes from the Permian, which has surpassed the Bakken by more than tripling the volume of gas burned per day since early 2017. The severity of the problem, though, is more acute in the Bakken. While Rystad said about 5% of the Permian gas is flared, in the Bakken, 19% of the gas is flared, according to the oil and gas division of the North Dakota Industrial Commission.

The Permian produces far more gas but has the advantage of being close to growing markets for it—chemical plants, export pipelines to Mexico, and natural gas liquefaction facilities—while North Dakota is a distant option for Midwestern markets well supplied by other plays.

Limited pipeline capacity means those shippers without contracts ensuring they can move their gas are paid little or less than nothing—prices at Waha gas hub in west Texas repeatedly sank into negative territory over the winter, and pipeline shortages will linger until a big new pipeline goes into service.

Oil pipeline construction also has lagged supply growth in the Bakken. Trains and trucks can ship oil, but that is a costly option. North Dakota oil regulators reported that Bakken prices hovered around $50/bbl early this year when the benchmark US oil grade was about $10/bbl higher.
These Five Companies are Reinventing the US Frac Fleet
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: July 2019

The beasts of burden in the US shale sector are the pressure pumping units that takes the theory of hydraulic fracturing and put it into practice. Yet, for much of the past 2 decades, these high-horsepower machines have seen relatively scant technological advancement.

Then the industry downturn happened. Hundreds of older units were scuttled. Profit margins for what was left were squeezed as tight as ever. Budgets to invest in new, unproven technologies were scarce.

Modernizers from various corners of the industry rose to challenge the idea that pressure pumping technology is stagnate, or simply “dumb iron.” For the past couple of years, this crusade has been led by the largest pressure pumping firms in the US by horsepower, Halliburton and Schlumberger. Both have introduced fracturing fleets that, by automating key manual tasks, are accelerating completion times and improving machine reliability.

But they are not the lone innovators. On the other end of the spectrum are five lesser-known technology developers, most of them startups. Their new software and hardware products reveal that wherever you look on a fracturing spread, there are costs to trim and new efficiencies to be gained.•

Evolution Well Services

The problem: Stimulating an unconventional reservoir requires a lot of horsepower, which means burning a lot of diesel fuel. Even a small spread consumes around 9,500 gallons of diesel each day, costing near $30,000. Additionally, diesel-powered pumps dictate the construction of large and expensive well pads. As a rule, a single fleet needs up to three times the area of a drilling rig.

The solution: Based in The Woodlands, Texas, this startup uses 100% natural gas-burning turbine generators to feed its custom-designed hydraulic fracturing pumps.

These electrically powered pressure pumps, known as “e-fleets,” leverage the price arbitrage between diesel fuel and natural gas. Because of the high consumption rate of the machinery, the delta translates into quick and scalable•savings.

“On a monthly basis, that fuel substitution represents somewhere between $1 to $1.5 million—and that gets everybody’s attention,” said Ben Bodishbaugh, chief executive officer of Evolution.

Realizing such savings does require that a well site be near a ready supply of natural gas, which may be the e-fleets’ biggest limiter. Evolution points out that its system was designed to deliver the best economics by using unprocessed or lightly processed field gas that can be piped directly to the pad from producing wells or associated gas systems, which could help operators dial back flaring.

The firm deployed its first e-fleet in 2016 and has since expanded to six fleets. Each one consists of eight pumping units compared with conventional fleets in the US that range in size from 20–25 units.
Event Covers State of the Art in Plugging and Abandonment
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: July 2019

The SPE Forum, “Shaping the Next Wave in Well Plugging and Abandonment” was held 18–22 March in The Hague, The Netherlands. It brought together leaders from production and service sector companies, regulators, and stakeholders to discuss issues that are shaping the well plugging and abandonment sector. The event attracted 77 specialists from around the world.

Below are highlights and key points from each of the various sessions.

Session 1 identified stakeholders, their hopes and concerns, risks and opportunities.

There are large opportunities from agreed risk assessment methodology, tailored for the well.

Operators and governments align fairly well in objectives, hopes, and fears.

Authorities have very diverse interests, are concerned about leaks, technical standards, failure mode assessments, gold plating, lines of credit, maximized recovery, orphan wells, lack of transparency, accidents, emissions. Operators’ concerns are primarily around reputation and long-term integrity, liabilities, budget, regulatory clarity. Opportunities lie in collaboration, standards, and continuity.

Multiple service providers see market share and differentiation as opportunities. They are concerned with penalties, scope overestimates, and project deferment.

Single service providers struggle with long-term support from operators and regulators, lack of risk sharing, and early cutting of funding. Intellectual property is an opportunity.

Academia and technology developers have concerns about R&D funding, access to field practice, exclusivity requests, and regulations that stifle progress. Opportunities relate to incubator (seed) funding and accelerating standards/regulations.

The public is often concerned about environmental harm and loss of value. Extra compensation or community funding may be welcomed as an opportunity.

Session 2 discussed uncertainties that surround the•well and subsurface conditions.

There is no shortage of methods of•integrity recovery that have been tried.

The industry needs to look further than the mean in its data and models. The implications of outliers can be undesirable.

The industry often looks at the primary elements of the abandonment operation but needs•to also look at the system and the system objectives.

Companies need to understand the subsurface and have access to data, which requires greater interaction from subsurface disciplines early in•the process.

The industry is late in the lifecycle of our wells and the uncertainty in the condition and state of wells is inherent in everything that we do.

There is no shortage in creativity, initiative, and opportunity in and outside of our industry—we should•use it.
Technology Focus: Formation Evaluation (August 2019)
Authors: Ma Shouxiang (Mark)
Published: July 2019

Technology Focus

Formation evaluation drew special attention at the 2019 International Petroleum Technology Conference (IPTC) Education Week in Beijing, 24–28 March. The student team that worked on Integrated Formation Evaluation for Resources Exploration and Reservoir Delineation won the first-place award. Congratulations, team!

The main objectives of the IPTC Education Week are to provide university students an opportunity to work on technical projects, establish and extend professional networks, and interact with industry leaders. It is an excellent way of engaging the current with the future for oil and gas professionals and their•businesses.

For the 2019 IPTC Education Week, hundreds of applications were received and 64 top students majoring in science, geoscience, and engineering were selected by the Education Week Committee to participate in the program, representing 49 universities in 23 countries. The students were divided into small multidisciplinary teams, each mentored by an industry subject-matter expert. The teams spent several months working together virtually on projects identified by the committee.

The program received strong support from industry leaders; the chairman of the IPTC Board of Directors and the presidents of the IPTC sponsoring organizations participated in the opening ceremony and networked with students. SPE President Sami Alnuaim led the Day 1 panel session with industry executives and discussed the concept of citizen engineering. It was a once-in-a-lifetime event for the students to participate in IPTC major events and visit state-of-the-art research facilities such as the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of the China National Petroleum Corporation.

The big test came on the last day of the IPTC Education Week. Ten teams presented their work in front of five industry judges. On the basis of technical presentations, interactive quizzes were also conducted to enhance learning. The three winning teams were honored at the IPTC closing ceremony by industry leaders. It was a memorable event for all involved, especially the students.

Before the IPTC Education Week was over, preparation for the 2020 Dhahran IPTC Education Week had already begun. Stay tuned, and you are most welcome to join us in Saudi Arabia in January.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 191681 How Different Density-Neutron LWD Tool Responses Can Affect the•Formation-Evaluation Approach by Federica Di Maggio, Eni, et al.

SPE 191662 Using Drill Cuttings To Enhance Characterization and Description of Tight Carbonate Reservoirs by Ahmed Salim, Saudi Aramco, et al.

SPE 193539 Characterization of Type and Maturity of Organic Matter in Source Rock by In-Situ Electrical Heating and Temperature Transient Analysis by Kyung Jae Lee, University of Houston
Boosting Uncovers True Value of Subsea Assets
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 29407, “Why Not Boosting? Uncover the True Value of Your Subsea Asset,” by Morten Stenhaug, SPE, Hongkun Dong, and Mads Hjelmeland, Schlumberger OneSubsea, prepared for the 2019 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 6–9•May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2019 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The first subsea multiphase boosting system was installed in•1994. Since•then, it has grown into a•technology with a global track record.•This paper is aimed at identifying potentially significant hidden•value of the technology, or aspects thereof that have•not received adequate attention during the field-development decision-making process.•The authors demonstrate that a more-complete and -integrated assessment approach can reveal this additional value.

Introduction

The effect of boosting on increased recovery is realized through lowering of the wellhead, bottomhole, or reservoir pressure at which hydrocarbons can be produced economically. This translates into a higher degree of reservoir depletion; more-efficient drainage; and, to a certain extent, greater volumes produced.

Increased oil recovery (IOR) has been the primary driver for adding artificial lift to subsea production systems, and also for subsea multiphase boosting. In projects in which subsea multiphase boosting was selected, IOR was the main driver for more than 90% of the assets.

A review of field-development projects over the past 30 years for cases in which boosting was evaluated but not chosen revealed that many had used fixed production profiles or decline curves that were developed originally for either natural flow or gas-lifted flow (i.e., with a fixed total producible volume). These approaches do not permit quantification of improved recovery. Another observation is that these shortcuts to artificial-lift evaluation in the early project development phase tend to be carried through the subsequent decision gates of a project without being challenged.

Another aspect of the technology that is often neglected is the fact that the actual cost of the additional barrels of oil enabled by subsea multiphase boosting can be significantly lower compared with the cost of a barrel of oil from regular field development. Furthermore, for larger fields with higher recoverable volumes, or a higher recovery factor, the full-cycle capital expenditure (CAPEX) may be reduced to less than $5/bbl.

Benefits of Subsea

Multiphase Boosting Accelerated Production. The financial effect of accelerated production is a less-used evaluation criteria with regard to subsea multiphase boosting. There are reports in the literature of flow-rate increases of 20 to 100% online, with this early revenue leading to improved net present value, internal rate of return, reduced payback time, and lower breakeven price—factors that are often not considered.
Predictors of exacerbations of pulmonary MAC disease
Authors: Kodaka Norio , Nakano Chihiro , Oshio Takeshi , Watanabe Kayo , Niitsuma Kumiko , Imaizumi Chisato , Matsuse Hiroto
Published: July 2019

Background and Objectives

The number of patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease is increasing worldwide, especially among middle-aged women and never-smokers. Although sex and smoking status have attracted attention as predictors in the development and exacerbation of pulmonary MAC disease, the exact associations remain unknown.The aim of the present study was to clarify the associations of sex and smoking status with the clinical characteristics of pulmonary MAC disease and to identify the predictors of exacerbations of pulmonary MAC disease.

Methods

The subjects were 128 patients diagnosed with pulmonary MAC disease according to the 2007 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society guidelines from May 2011 to May 2016 at our institute. Their medical records were retrospectively examined for their clinical findings. The radiological findings at the time of the diagnosis and 1 year later were evaluated. Clinical characteristics were compared by smoking status and sex. To identify the natural predictors of exacerbation, multivariable analysis was performed with the data of 80 treatment-naïve patients.

Results

Female, never-smoker, and nodular/bronchiectatic (NB) type were common in patients with pulmonary MAC disease. Univariate analysis of data from treatment-naïve subjects showed that female, never-smoker, fewer lung diseases other than MAC, extensive radiological findings, and ≥3 lobes involved were significantly associated with exacerbations. On multivariate analysis, fewer lung diseases other than MAC, extensive radiological findings, and ≥3 lobes involved were significantly associated with exacerbations, but female and never-smoker were not.

Conclusions

In this study, extensive radiological findings, especially abnormal shadows in ≥3 lobes and absence of lung diseases other than MAC, rather than sex and smoking status, were predictors of exacerbations of treatment-naïve pulmonary MAC disease.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women living in remote riverine communities in the Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Zonta Marco Antonio , Roque Karina Bonilha , Juliano Yara , Liljander Anne , Cavalar Markus , Akaki Beatriz Ayumi , Pignatari Antonio Carlos Campos , Kiffer Carlos Robero Veiga
Published: July 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Since some HPV types are associated with the development of cervical cancer, routine screening for HPV plays a crucial part in cancer prevention programs at global level. In Brazil, the cervical cancer rate is among the highest in the world, in particular in indigenous women living in remote areas with limited access to public health services. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infections and their co-occurrence with cervical lesions in Brazilian women living in isolated riverine communities. Moreover, the association between social environment, sexual activity and prevalence of HPV infection was assessed.
The recent evolution of the HIV rates in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do differences still persist?
Authors: bernal antonio montañés , Martínez Cristina
Published: July 2019

Background
This paper studies the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and incidence rates in Sub-Saharan African countries, paying special attention to the possible presence of a unique pattern of behavior of these variables across the mentioned countries during the 1990-2016 period.
Methods
We employ time series methods designed to analyze the hypothesis of convergence. We apply these tests to prevalence and incidence rates of the Sub-Saharan African countries for the 1990-2016 period.
Results
We cannot reject the null hypothesis of convergence for male prevalence rates and total incidence rates. By contrast, we can observe divergence in female prevalence rates,
Conclusion
The evolution of the male prevalence rates and incidence rates is quite similar for the Sub-Saharan countries. But, we can still find different patterns of behavior for female prevalence rates. Therefore, the recent HIV-oriented policies have not been able to control its transmission yet. We can also appreciate that some socioeconomic variables play a crucial role to explain the different behaviors of female prevalence rates, especially the level of female education. So, focusing on this variable is crucial to control this pandemia.
Epidemiology and Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated respiratory tract, Zhejiang province, China, 2008-2017
Authors: Jiang Qian , Zhao Zhao , Yang Fangfang , Ge Yumei
Published: July 2019

Background

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory infections in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the infection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2017, and to provide evidence for the early diagnosis and prevention of MP pneumonia.

Methods

MP-DNA was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with acute respiratory tract infection by real-time fluorescent PCR (Taqman probe). Statistical analysis and epidemiological investigation were carried out on the test results.

Results

There were 10296 patients with acute respiratory tract infection in Zhejiang People's Hospital from 2008 to 2017, including 4387 females and 5909 males. A total of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients were detected, with a total positive rate of 12.2% (1251/10296). Among 1251 patients with M. pneumoniae infection, 571 were female positive, with an average positive rate of 13.0% (571/4387), 680 were male positive, with a positive rate of 11.5% (680/5909). From 2008 to 2017, the positive rates were 22.8% (33 cases), 20.9% (211 cases), 20.9% (350 cases), 5.5% (70 cases), 11.7% (136 cases), 15.2% (190 cases), 7.8% (94 cases), 5.9% (62 cases), 7.8% (56 cases) and 6.0% (49 cases), respectively. Of 1251 MP-DNA positive patients, 1243 (99.4%) were younger than 18 years old.

Conclusions

MP infection mainly occurs in the age below 18 years old, suggesting that early diagnosis and prevention of MP infection in adolescents should be emphasized.
Chloroplast genome analysis and genetic transformation of Parachlorella kessleri-I a potential marine alga for biofuel production
Authors: Nawkarkar Prachi , Chugh Sagrika , Tanwar Amita , Sharma Surbhi , Kaushal Charli , Abdin Malik Zainul , Jain Mukesh , Kumar Shashi
Published: July 2019

Background: Parachlorella kessleri-I produces higher biomass and lipid content suitable for commercial production of biofuels. Sequencing complete chloroplast genome will be instrumental in the constructing species specific chloroplast transformation vectors and generating chloroplast transgenic microalga with the desired traits and greater productivity, essential for commercial sustainability of microalgae based biofuel production.

Results: Complete chloroplast genome sequence (cpDNA) of P. kessleri-I was annotated. The 109,642 bp chloroplast genome exhibited a quadripartite structure with two reverse repeat regions (IRA and IRB), a long single copy (LSC) and a small single copy (SSC) region. The genome encodes 117 unique genes, with 70 predicted protein coding genes, 35 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs. The cpDNA provided essential information like codons, UTRs and flank sequences for homologous recombination to make a species specific chloroplast transformation vector that facilitated chloroplast transformation of P. kessleri-I. To optimize chloroplast transformation, two antibiotic resistance makers aminoglycoside adenine transferase (aadA) conferring resistance to spectinomycin and Sh-ble gene from bacteria that conferred resistance to zeocin were tested. Using a aadA gene, transgenic colonies were retrieved on TAP medium containing 400 mg/l spectinomycin. However, no transgenic colonies were recovered in the zeocin supplemented medium. The spectinomycin resistant algal cell lines were analyzed by PCR. Southern blotting confirmed the stable transgenes integration into the chloroplast genome of P. kessleri-I via homologous recombination.

Conclusion: The complete chloroplast genome analysis may provide valuable resources for population and evolutionary studies of Parachlorella species and identifying the related species. The chloroplast genome of P. kessleri-I was assembled as a quadripartite structure of 109,642 bp with defined IR regions. Its complete sequencing has provided essential information like codons, UTRs and flanking sequences to generate the species specific chloroplast transformation vector and obtaining the successful site-specific chloroplast transformation in P. kessleri-I via homologous recombination. The optimized chloroplast transformation in marine alga P. kessleri-I should open a new possibilities like controlling the chain lengths of fatty acids for biofuel application, manipulating the RubisCo enzyme for improving photosynthetic process, introducing carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) for fixing higher CO2 that may be instrumental in producing economically viable biofuel molecules.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of pulmonary surfactants combined with budesonide for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: He Bingbin , Zhuang Jiayong , Ye Boran , Liu Guosheng
Published: July 2019

Background

Pulmonary surfactants(PS) combined with the intratracheal instillation of budesonide to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have been report previously. However, the safety of the use of PS combined with budesonide is still unknown and remains to be clarified.

Methods

PubMed, the CochraneLibrary, EMBASE, the China Knowledge Network and the Wanfang database were searched for relevant studies. Searches were performed from December 2018, and data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected. Primary outcome measures were BPD incidence, BPD-related mortality. Secondary outcomes were BPD-related complications. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used for the evaluation of bias. RevMan5. 3software was employed for meta-analysis. An Egger's test was used for publication bias assessments.

Results

A total of 720 subjects were enrolled from 6 RCTs, including 352 in the experimental group and 368 in the observation group. A meta-analysis showed that the incidence of BPD [RR=0. 42, 95% CI (0. 37, 0. 89), P < 0.001] and BPD-related mortality [RR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.38, 0.89), P<0.05] significantly differed between the groups. Differences were also observed for intraventricular hemorrhage, infection/sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and patent ductus arteriosus. There were no significant differences in the incidence of PDA, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), hyperglycemia, or hypertension (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The intratracheal instillation of pulmonary surfactants with budesonide can reduce the incidence of BPD and BPD-related mortality, with no increased risk of short-term complications. However, considering both sample size and study bias, the safety and efficacy of this treatment plan requires clarification in large-samples, and multi-center clinical RCTs. In addition, the impact of long-term complications such as neurodevelopmental disorders requires further assessment.
How Plants Enhance Weathering and How Weathering is Important to Plants
Authors: Porder Stephen
Published: July 2019

Since land plants emerged from swampy coastlines over 400 million years ago, they have played a fundamental role in shaping the Earth system. Roots and associated fungi increase rock weathering rates, providing access to nutrients, while altering atmospheric CO2. As soils weather, the dissolution of primary minerals forces plants to rely on recycling and atmospheric deposition of rock-derived nutrients. Thus, for many terrestrial ecosystems, weathering ultimately constrains primary production (carbon uptake) and decomposition (carbon loss). These constraints are most acute in agricultural systems, which rely on mined fertilizer rather than the recycling of organic material to maintain production. Humans now mine similar amounts of some elements as weather out of rocks globally. This increase in supply has myriad environmental consequences.
Combating Climate Change Through Enhanced Weathering of Agricultural Soils
Authors: Andrews M. Grace , Taylor Lyla L.
Published: July 2019

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are driving increases in global temperatures. Enhanced weathering of silicate rocks is a CO2 removal technology that could help mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Enhanced weathering adds powdered silicate rock to agricultural lands, accelerating natural chemical weathering, and is expected to rapidly draw down atmospheric CO2. However, differences between enhanced and natural weathering result in significant uncertainties about its potential efficacy. This article summarizes the research into enhanced weathering and the uncertainties of enhanced weathering due to the key differences with natural weathering, as well as future research directions.
De la psicoterapia a la teoterapia. Sentidos subjetivos respecto al proceso teoterapéutico en personas adictas a sustancias psicoactivas con experiencia previa en psicoterapia
Authors: Kameniecki Mario
Published: July 2019

Posiblemente las llamadas adicciones a las drogas son uno de los temas que  más polémicas  suscita en la sociedad; despierta desde las condenas más radicales hasta, en el otro extremo, posiciones de absoluta liviandad. Hay que decir que el uso de drogas forma parte de algo más vasto: el fenómeno de las drogas, con múltiples aristas  entre las cuales el consumo –cualquiera sea su modalidad-  es el último eslabón de una compleja cadena de elementos. Se caracteriza en nuestro tiempo por el uso masivo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Es lo que condujo a Alain Ehrenberg hace algunos años a considerar el consumo de nuestra época como una toxicomanía de masas. También es oportuno decir que el fenómeno de las drogas es un constructo social armado principalmente por los medios de comunicación como algo homogéneo y uniforme. Es el consumo de drogas y en especial las adicciones, es decir, los estados de dependencia a ellas, los que se articulan con sus posibles tratamientos.
Co-construcción del sí mismo en niños institucionalizados y declarados en adoptabilidad
Authors: Borelly Nicolle , Caballero Mariana , Cabrales Marialejandra , Currea Laura , Roncancio-Moreno Mónica
Published: July 2019

El presente estudio tiene como propósito explorar y analizar el proceso de co-construcción de las significaciones sobre sí mismos de tres niños entre 5 y 6 años, quienes se encuentran institucionalizados y declarados en adoptabilidad. Se hace uso de un abordaje idiográfico y microgenetico y por medio del estudio de caso se permitió la identificación de Posicionamientos Dinámicos de Sí para cada uno de los niños, posicionamientos que se encuentran promovidos por los otros significativos que los rodean. Se encontró que los niños presentan una tensión entre el sentirse amados vs. sentirse abandonados y de igual manera, cada uno crea diferentes estrategias para sobrellevar los retos que implica el proceso de institucionalización.