bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metaphors of collaboration in construction
Authors: Gomes Danilo , Tzortzopoulos Patricia
Published: September 2019

Collaboration is essential for the success of construction projects. However, the concept of collaboration is unclear, and the term is often related to different meanings. Construction research defines collaboration in different ways, having been influenced by other research fields (e.g., social sciences and philosophy). This paper discusses existing definitions of collaboration and how they relate to three perspectives on the nature of collaborative interactions, linked to organisational metaphors. The research was developed through a literature review, including the conceptual analysis of existing definitions of collaboration. The discussion proposes that metaphors not only describe collaboration ontologically, but also establish different appreciative systems by which individuals conceive and evaluate their collaborative performance. The aim of this discussion is to address the lack of consistency in defining collaboration in construction, embracing the coexistence of interpretations. This can help researchers and practitioners understand how to overcome misunderstandings and explore initiatives to improve collaboration.
CO468, CO469, CO470, CO471, CO472, and CO473 corn inbred lines with improved northern corn leaf blight resistance
Authors: Reid L.M. , Zhu X. , Jindal K.K. , Woldemariam T. , Wu J. , Voloaca C.
Published: September 2019

CO468, CO469, CO470, CO471, CO472 and CO473 are the first corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines released from the northern corn leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) K.J. Leonard & E.G. Suggs; syn. = Helminthosporium turcicum Pass.] resistance breeding program of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. All six inbreds possess intermediate to very high levels of resistance, which is expressed in hybrids when these inbreds are combined with susceptible test lines. Expression is even higher when some of these lines are combined with each other. Acceptable grain yields and moistures are also achieved in several hybrid testcrosses. All six inbreds also possess intermediate to high levels of resistance to eyespot, common rust, Goss’s bacterial wilt, and grey leaf spot.
Development of SSR markers via de novo transcriptome assembly inAkebia trifoliata(Thunb.) Koidz
Authors: Niu Juan , Wang Yujuan , Shi Yaliang , Wang Xiaofei , Sun Zhimin , Huang Kunyong , Gong Chun , Luan Mingbao , Chen Jianhua
Published: September 2019

Owing to its high nutritive, economic, and medicinal values, Akebia trifoliata has received increased attention, making worthy of being used as a new fruit crop for further domestication and commercialization in China. However, molecular research of A. trifoliata has lagged as investigations of its genomic resources and molecular markers are rare. In this study, a cDNA library of A. trifoliata leaves was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq. 6000 sequencing system. In total, 101 417 transcripts, 63 757 unigenes, and 9494 simple sequence repeats were assembled and identified from the transcriptome datasets. The majority of the SSRs were di- and trinucleotide repeats. Length and number of SSR motifs ranged from 15 to 66, and 5 to 48 bp, respectively. Of which, the A/T mononucleotide motif and AG/TC and CT/GA dinucleotide motifs were the most abundant. Furthermore, 100 SSR primers were randomly selected to validate amplification and polymorphism, and 88 A. trifoliata accessions were definitively distinguished by 49 primers. With the Qinling mountains and Huaihe River line as the boundaries, the northern and southern accessions were clustered into different groups, but no clear geographical patterns (city or origin) were observed in the southern accessions. These newly identified molecular markers may provide a foundation for the genetic identification and diversity analysis and marker-assisted selection breeding in species of Akebia.
Population genetics of the solanum fruit fly,Bactrocera latifrons(Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Kunprom Chonticha , Pramual Pairot
Published: September 2019

The solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), is an important pest species of commercial plants in the family Solanaceae. In this study, the population genetic structure of B. latifrons was investigated using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequences. A mitochondrial DNA haplotype network revealed no major genetic break, but haplotypes from recently invaded areas in Japan, Tanzania, and Kenya were genetically divergent. The overall haplotype network is approximately star-shaped, characteristic of recent demographic expansion of populations. This is also supported by large negative values of neutrality tests. Despite the overall pattern of recent population history, genetic structure analysis revealed considerable genetic structuring with 33% of pairwise comparisons being significantly different. Populations that were genetically different from the others usually possess low genetic diversity, suggesting that genetic drift is potentially a factor driving genetic differentiation. Local extinction and recolonization processes related to the availability of host plants are most likely responsible for a founder effect and subsequent genetic drift in a population.
Trajectory-state theory of the Klein-Gordon field
Authors: Holland Peter
Published: September 2019

We develop a trajectory construction of solutions to the massless wave equation in n + 1 dimensions and hence show that the quantum state of a massive relativistic system in 3 + 1 dimensions may be represented by a stand-alone four-dimensional congruence comprising a continuum of 3-trajectories coupled to an internal scalar time coordinate. A real Klein-Gordon amplitude is the current density generated by the temporal gradient of the internal time. Complex amplitudes are generated by a two-phase flow. The Lorentz covariance of the trajectory model is established.
Deep Spatio-Temporal Modified-Inception with Dilated Convolution Networks for Citywide Crowd Flows Prediction
Authors: Kang Yan , Yang Bing , Li Hao , Chen Tie , Zhang Yachuan
Published: September 2019

Traffic flow prediction has great significance for improving road traffic capacity and traffic safety. However, traffic flow in a certain area is usually affected by some factors such as weather, holidays and neighboring areas. So, traffic situation is complicated and traffic flow prediction is difficult. How to use existing traffic data information to predict future traffic flow is the key to this problem. In this paper, we develop an accurate prediction model based on dilated convolution — ST-MINet (Deep Spatio-Temporal Modified-Inception with Dilated convolution Networks). We fully consider the complexity, nonlinearity and uncertainly of traffic network by summarizing various network models such as ResNet and Inception. So, we use the deep space-time residual network to ensure the convolution accuracy of the information’s position distribution on the basis of existing networks. Then, we add the cavity convolution to the model, which can effectively control the field of view of the convolution kernel. In the experimental part, we compare ten classical algorithms with our ST-MINet, it shows that our model has higher accuracy than others.
Identification of Brain Functional Networks Using a Model-Based Approach
Authors: Oikonomou Vangelis P. , Blekas Konstantinos , Astrakas Loukas
Published: September 2019

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a valuable brain imaging technique. A significant problem, when analyzing fMRI time series, is the finding of functional brain networks when the brain is at rest, i.e. no external stimulus is applied to the subject. In this work, we present a probabilistic method to estimate the Resting State Networks (RSNs) using a model-based approach. More specifically, RSNs are assumed to be the result of a clustering procedure. In order to perform the clustering, a mixture of regression models are used. Furthermore, special care has been given in order to incorporate important functionalities, such as spatial and embedded sparsity enforcing properties, through the use of informative priors over the model parameters. Another interesting feature of the proposed scheme is the flexibility to handle all the brain time series at once, allowing more robust solutions. We provide comparative experimental results, using an artificial fMRI dataset and two real resting state fMRI datasets, that empirically illustrate the efficiency of the proposed regression mixture model.
A NEW FRACTAL DESIGN OF POROUS AlN/BN/SiOC COMPOSITES WITH LOW-k AND HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Authors: DONG XIJIE , HU YIFAN , YUAN MEIJUAN , ZHAO JUN , CHEN LING
Published: September 2019

In this work, we propose a new model for the dielectric constant and thermal conductivity, and apply it to the design of composites with low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity based on fractal theory and effective medium theory. In particular, we use this model to prepare porous AlN/BN/SiOC composites with low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity in different component fractions. We successfully synthesize ceramic samples with low dielectric constants [Formula: see text] and high thermal conductivity ([Formula: see text]). These results indicate that the proposed fractal design is valid.
MAXIMUM PENETRATION DEPTH AND PENETRATION TIME PREDICTING MODEL OF CEMENTING FLUID FLOW THROUGH WELLBORE INTO WEAKLY CONSOLIDATED FORMATION
Authors: DU JIAPEI , BU YUHUAN , SHEN ZHONGHOU , CAO XUECHAO
Published: September 2019

A model for predicting the penetration depth and penetration time of cementing fluid through the wellbore into weakly consolidated formations based on the analytical fractal permeability model for power-law fluids considering the particle size of fluid and irreducible water is proposed and verified in this paper. The penetration distance and utilization dosage are related to the properties of cementing fluid and weakly consolidated formations. All of the parameters in the model have clear physical meaning, and no empirical parameter is used in this model. The results show that the cementing fluid tends to migrate to a long distance under a high pressure differential and low flow rate. The maximum penetration time and maximum penetration volume of cementing fluid increases with the increasing of grouting pressure and decreases with the increase in the volume flow rate. Therefore, throughout the cementing operation, the parameters should be adjusted based on the real situation.
A REMARK ON WANG’S FRACTAL VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE
Authors: WANG KANG-LE , HE CHUN-HUI
Published: September 2019

Wang et al. established successfully a variational principle in a fractal space by the semi-inverse method. This paper argues that in the fractal space, time should be also considered as a fractal, and Wang’s variational principle is extended to fractal space and fractal time.
Fuzzy Set Theory Applied to Accounting Sciences
Authors: Lozano Carmen , Mancilla-Rendón Enriqueta
Published: September 2019

Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic have been successfully developed in engineering and mathematics. However, these concepts have found great acceptance in social sciences in recent years since they provide an answer to those problems in the real world that cannot be modeled using classical mathematics. In this paper, we propose a new methodology for accounting science based on fuzzy triangular numbers. The methodology uses Hamming distance between fuzzy triangular numbers and arithmetic operations to evaluate corporate governance of multinational public stock corporations (PSCs) in the telecommunications sector.
Modified CQ-Algorithms for G-Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces Involving Graphs
Authors: Cholamjiak W. , Yambangwai D. , Dutta H. , Hammad H. A.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we introduce four new iterative schemes by modifying the CQ-method with Ishikawa and [Formula: see text]-iterations. The strong convergence theorems are given by the CQ-projection method with our modified iterations for obtaining a common fixed point of two [Formula: see text]-nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space with a directed graph. Finally, to compare the rate of convergence and support our main theorems, we give some numerical experiments.
Event and Its Application in Algebraic Structures
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Song Seok-Zun , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: September 2019

The notion of eventful element and eventful set is introduced, and its application is considered in BCI and/or BCK algebras. Several properties are investigated, and (positive implicative) ideal in an eventful BCK algebra and closed ideal in an eventful BCI algebra are discussed. Given the subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of a BCI and/or BCK algebra, the eventful subset [Formula: see text] which consists of BCI and/or BCK events with a condition is established. Conditions for the eventful subset [Formula: see text] to be a (positive implicative) ideal of an eventful BCK algebra are provided, and conditions for the eventful subset [Formula: see text] to be a (closed) ideal of an event BCI algebra are given. An example to show that the set [Formula: see text] is not a positive implicative ideal in an eventful BCK algebra is provided, and then the conditions for the set [Formula: see text] to be a positive implicative ideal in an eventful BCK algebra are considered.
The Effect of Task on Visual Attention in Interactive Virtual Environments
Authors: Hadnett-Hunter Jacob , Nicolaou George , O'Neill Eamonn , Proulx Michael
Published: September 2019

Virtual environments for gaming and simulation provide dynamic and adaptive experiences, but, despite advances in multisensory interfaces, these are still primarily visual experiences. To support real-time dynamic adaptation, interactive virtual environments could implement techniques to predict and manipulate human visual attention. One promising way of developing such techniques is to base them on psychophysical observations, an approach that requires a sound understanding of visual attention allocation. Understanding how this allocation of visual attention changes depending on a user’s task offers clear benefits in developing these techniques and improving virtual environment design. With this aim, we investigated the effect of task on visual attention in interactive virtual environments. We recorded fixation data from participants completing freeview, search, and navigation tasks in three different virtual environments. We quantified visual attention differences between conditions by identifying the predictiveness of a low-level saliency model and its corresponding color, intensity, and orientation feature-conspicuity maps, as well as measuring fixation center bias, depth, duration, and saccade amplitude. Our results show that task does affect visual attention in virtual environments. Navigation relies more than search or freeview on intensity conspicuity to allocate visual attention. Navigation also produces fixations that are more central, longer, and deeper into the scenes. Further, our results suggest that it is difficult to distinguish between freeview and search tasks. These results provide important guidance for designing virtual environments for human interaction, as well as identifying future avenues of research for developing “attention-aware” virtual worlds.
Keep It Simple
Authors: Jacobs Jochen , Wang Xi , Alexa Marc
Published: September 2019

Head-mounted displays cause discomfort. This is commonly attributed to conflicting depth cues, most prominently between vergence, which is consistent with object depth, and accommodation, which is adjusted to the near eye displays.

It is possible to adjust the camera parameters, specifically interocular distance and vergence angles, for rendering the virtual environment to minimize this conflict. This requires dynamic adjustment of the parameters based on object depth. In an experiment based on a visual search task, we evaluate how dynamic adjustment affects visual comfort compared to fixed camera parameters. We collect objective as well as subjective data. Results show that dynamic adjustment decreases common objective measures of visual comfort such as pupil diameter and blink rate by a statistically significant margin. The subjective evaluation of categories such as fatigue or eye irritation shows a similar trend but was inconclusive. This suggests that rendering with fixed camera parameters is the better choice for head-mounted displays, at least in scenarios similar to the ones used here.
Expression Analyses of POGZ, A Responsible Gene for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, during Mouse Brain Development
Authors: Ibaraki Kyoko , Hamada Nanako , Iwamoto Ikuko , Ito Hidenori , Kawamura Noriko , Morishita Rika , Tabata Hidenori , Nagata Koh-ichi
Published: September 2019

POGZ is a heterochromatin protein 1 α-binding protein and regulates gene expression. On the other hand, accumulating pieces of evidence indicate that the POGZ gene abnormalities are involved in various neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, we prepared a specific antibody against POGZ, anti-POGZ, and carried out biochemical and morphological characterization with mouse brain tissues. Western blotting analyses revealed that POGZ is expressed strongly at embryonic day 13 and then gradually decreased throughout the brain development process. In immunohistochemical analyses, POGZ was found to be enriched in cerebrocortical and hippocampal neurons in the early developmental stage. The nuclear expression was also detected in Purkinje cells in cerebellum at postnatal day (P)7 and P15 but disappeared at P30. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, while POGZ was distributed mainly in the nucleus, it was also visualized in axon and dendrites with partial localization at synapses in consistency with the results obtained in biochemical fractionation analyses. The obtained results suggest that POGZ takes part in the regulation of synaptic function as well as gene expression during brain development.
Música, arte e sociabilidade no Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Alexandre de Freitas , Paixão Fernando , Dantas Monica Duarte
Published: September 2019

Editorial da RIEB 73
Itinerários de um mundo musical
Authors: Lopes Guilhermina
Published: September 2019

Surgidas em um período de carência de atividade musical erudita em Portugal, as sociedades de concerto foram um importante instrumento de formação de público, socialização e difusão de uma vasta produção, envolvendo agentes das mais diversas origens, formações, interesses e posições ideológicas. Tomamos em destaque neste artigo a Sonata, fundada em 1942 por Fernando Lopes-Graça e amigos e ativa até 1960, que realizou a estreia, no país, de muitas obras, inclusive diversas de compositores brasileiros. A partir da análise e contextualização desse repertório, buscamos compreender as redes de sociabilidade envolvidas em sua circulação, lançando um olhar sobre a Sonata como um espaço de articulação entre diferentes vivências musicais.
Checklist of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Canada and Alaska
Authors: BEHAN-PELLETIER VALERIE M. , LINDO ZOË
Published: September 2019

This checklist of the oribatid fauna of Canada and Alaska (excluding Astigmata) includes 580 identified species in 249 genera and 96 families. The known fauna of Canada includes 556 identified species in 247 genera, and that of Alaska includes 182 species in 95 genera; 39 of the 42 oribatid superfamilies are represented. We further list ~ 300 species that are currently unidentified, and possibly undescribed. In addition, we list 42 genera that are represented only by unidentified and probably undescribed species. For each species we give combinations and synonymies, specific locations in Alaska and the Provinces and Territories of Canada, habitats, and biogeography.                There are 182 identified species known for Alaska, 152 for Yukon, 122 for Northwest Territories, 58 for Nunavut; 210 for British Columbia, 213 for Alberta, 15 for Saskatchewan, 84 for Manitoba, 167 for Ontario, 210 for Québec, 110 for Nova Scotia, 77 for New Brunswick, 84 for Newfoundland and 6 for Prince Edward Island. The known fauna of Canada is smaller than that of Austria, and is approximately equivalent to that of the Czech Republic. As these countries are much smaller in size than Canada and less ecologically diverse, we consider the Canadian and Alaskan fauna are at most 25% known. The paucity of these data reflects the absence of taxonomic and faunistic studies on Oribatida in State, Provinces or Territories, and especially in the Canadian and Alaskan National Park systems and the hundreds of Provincial Parks.                Despite the almost 90% increase in described species since the catalogue of Marshall et al. (1987), there is a need for focussed, coordinated research on Oribatida in the natural regions throughout Canada and Alaska, and for monographs on families and genera with large numbers of undescribed species, such as Brachychthoniidae, Damaeidae, Cepheidae, Liacaridae, Oppiidae, Suctobelbidae, Hydrozetidae, Phenopelopidae, Scheloribatidae, Haplozetidae and Galumnidae.
Linking Global Changes of Snowfall and Wet-Bulb Temperature
Authors: Tamang Sagar K. , Ebtehaj Ardeshir M. , Prein Andreas F. , Heymsfield Andrew J.
Published: September 2019

Snowfall is one of the primary drivers of the global cryosphere and is declining in many regions of the world with widespread hydrological and ecological consequences. Previous studies have shown that the probability of snowfall occurrence is well described by wet-bulb temperatures below 1°C (1.1°C) over land (ocean). Using this relationship, wet-bulb temperatures from three reanalysis products as well as multisatellite and reanalysis precipitation data are analyzed from 1979 to 2017 to study changes in potential snowfall areas, snowfall-to-rainfall transition latitude, snowfall amount, and snowfall-to-precipitation ratio (SPR). Results are presented at hemispheric scales, as well as for three Köppen–Geiger climate classes and four major mountainous regions including the Alps, the western United States, High Mountain Asia (HMA), and the Andes. In all reanalysis products, while changes in the wet-bulb temperature over the Southern Hemisphere are mostly insignificant, significant positive trends are observed over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Significant reductions are observed in annual-mean potential snowfall areas over NH land (ocean) by 0.52 (0.34) million km2 decade−1 due to an increase of 0.34°C (0.35°C) decade−1 in wet-bulb temperature. The fastest retreat in NH transition latitudes is observed over Europe and central Asia at 0.7° and 0.45° decade−1. Among mountainous regions, the largest decline in potential snowfall areas is observed over the Alps at 3.64% decade−1 followed by the western United States at 2.81% and HMA at 1.85% decade−1. This maximum decrease over the Alps is associated with significant reductions in annual snowfall of 20 mm decade−1 and SPR of 2% decade−1.
“They just don’t care about us!”: Police custody experiences for young men with histories of injecting drug use
Authors: Walker Shelley , Higgs Peter , Stoové Mark , Wilson Mandy
Published: September 2019

Young men (aged 18–24) represent a quarter of all episodes of police custody detention for adult males in Victoria, Australia. Despite this, little is known about their experience. Using Bacchi’s Foucauldian-influenced “What’s the problem represented to be?” approach and data from interviews with 28 young men with histories of injecting drug use who were detained in police custody prior to adult prison, we aim to address this gap in the literature. We highlight how dividing practices of discrimination made possible their subjectification as “dangerous violent Others” and how unruly behaviour and self-harm were simultaneous mechanisms for voicing their despair and frustration, for gaining power in a place in which they had very little control and for resisting dominant truths imposed upon them as worthless subjects. It is such positioning we argue, that allowed the forfeiting of their rights to basic health care, fair treatment and respect, and at the same time produced and exacerbated a range of psychological, physical and social harms. Our analysis raises important questions about police custody, notably its role in the production of inequality and further marginalisation of vulnerable groups.
A numerical investigation on ultrasonic bulk wave propagation features in functionally graded plates
Authors: Farahmand Saeed , Soorgee Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2019

The goal of this research is to numerically look for a proper feature for functionally graded materials mechanical property distribution function evaluation based on through transmitted ultrasonic bulk wave amplitude variation. A numerical approximation called homogenous layers approximation is introduced and employed for wave propagation formulation in functionally graded plate, followed by finite element utilization for verification. As the amplitude of the propagated ultrasonic wave is affected by acoustic impedance and wave divergence angle variation in the functionally graded material plate thickness, while neglecting the attenuation phenomenon, numerical investigation has been performed in order to quantify the contribution of each mechanism on the wave amplitude behavior. One-dimensional investigations, using homogenous layers approximation and finite element method, show that the final value of the wave amplitude is the same for all functionally graded material property distribution function power index, while two-dimensional results, obtained from finite element method, provide a suitable amplitude variation manner based on the wave divergence angle variation in functionally graded material thickness direction. The final results shows that it is possible to calibrate the received wave amplitude distribution on the receiving side of the plate, in a through transmission test, for the material property distribution function power index evaluation. Moreover, the concept of functionally graded material ultrasonic shoe is introduced, suitable for beam focusing applications instead of expensive phased array systems.
Religious citizenship and gendered sanctions in the lived experience of second generation Ghanaians
Authors: Kyei Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu , Smoczynski Rafal
Published: September 2019

This study seeks to understand how some African Initiated Christian churches in Amsterdam sanction discrimination against women in the exercise of the right to religious citizenship. This research also investigates how through the exercise of agency some female second generation Ghanaians contest, reinterpret or conform to gendered sanctions in the religious field. Data were drawn mainly from in-depth interviews, participant observation and informal interviews in Amsterdam. The exercise of religious citizenship is not a level playing ground for both females and males. The study concludes that religious sanctions on sex and sexuality pronounced in the religious field contradict human rights expressed in the nation state. The study also noted that the emergence of immigrant women’s engagement in institutionalised religiosity binds feminist scholars to rethink of religion as a field that does not generate only oppressed female citizens rather it also provides the space for females to exercise agency.
Transformations of religious consciousness at a Marian shrine: The case of La Tirana, Chile
Authors: Valenzuela Eduardo A , Aranis Daniela P , Coquelet Jaime A
Published: September 2019

This article is based on van Kessel’s study of La Tirana in Chile in 1970, over a non-representative sample of about one thousand participants including dancers, pilgrims, vendors and tourists. La Tirana is the main Marian sanctuary in the north of Chile. Van Kessel could clearly identify the importance of the religious manda as the main reason of devotion associated with complementary beliefs concerning the Virgin’s miraculous efficacy for those who strictly fulfill her. After nearly fifty years, this study finds out that the manda has tended to disappear and that religious attitudes toward the Virgin have changed; especially those related to the specifications of the fulfillment of the religious promise. Although all these changes go along with an increase in ecclesiastical mediation of the sanctuary devotion, it is the pilgrim’s educational level that best explains these changes in the religious awareness of Chilean Marianism.
‘It’s just limboland’: Parental dementia and young people’s life courses
Authors: Hall Melanie , Sikes Pat
Published: September 2019

Drawing on narrative interviews from a study exploring the perceptions and experiences of children and young people who have a parent with young onset dementia, this article explores the ways in which the condition impacted their life courses. Dementia is degenerative, terminal and has an unpredictable timeframe that affected young people’s time perspectives, life planning and the ways they conceptualized their lives. This article contributes to the literature around young people’s life courses by illustrating how the concept of liminality can inform understandings of the impact of parental illness on the life course. Using a constructionist perspective we explore the impact of parental dementia on life planning in relation to education/career, mobilities and personal lives. For some, the future was a source of deep anxiety, whilst others were preoccupied with the present and unable to contemplate life beyond their parents’ illness. On the whole, participants felt their lives were in ‘limbo’ until their parents’ death. The data indicate that nuanced approaches towards the life course are required in order to better understand ‘being in limbo’ and to inform support.
“They used to follow Ø river”: The Zero Article in York English
Authors: Rupp Laura , Tagliamonte Sali A.
Published: September 2019

Speakers of York English (UK) use a zero article with definite singular nouns (e.g., “They used to follow Ø river”), which is impossible in Standard English. We probe the possibility that this form is a remnant from Old English, when there were no articles as they are currently found in Modern English, rather than a more contemporary development. We trace the diachronic trajectory of the zero article in historical-descriptive grammars and test social and linguistic constraints on its use in York English in a logistic regression analysis. The results show that information structure is a significant predictor of the zero article across all generations of the community and that the zero article is used in the same way as it was used as far back as Old English. However, it exhibits heightened usage among the older and younger generations, exhibiting a U-shaped curve. We suggest that this pattern demonstrates longitudinal maintenance of a conservative feature, which is suppressed in middle-age as the result of social pressures. In this way, this case study adds insight into the fate of dialect features in contemporary speech communities. It also highlights the importance of combining insights from different strands in linguistics for understanding the evolution of syntactic variants like the zero article.
Nephroprotective effect of losartan in IgA model rat
Authors: Xing Li , Song Er Lin , Jia Xi Bei , Ma Jing , Li Bing , Gao Xu
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the possible nephroprotective effects of losartan in a rat model of experimental IgA nephropathy (IgAN).

Methods

Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The rats in the model group were treated with bovine serum albumin (oral gavage), lipopolysaccharide (tail vein injection), and carbon tetrachloride (subcutaneous injection); rats in the losartan group received treatments similar to those of the model group, and were orally gavaged with losartan; and rats in the control group received phosphate-buffered saline alone (both orally and intravenously).

Results

Losartan treatment lowered the 24-hour urinary protein, serum blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels. Proliferating mesangial cells with a variable increase in the mesangial matrix were detected in the model group, whereas injury in the losartan group was significantly attenuated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly elevated in the model group but reduced in the losartan group. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were minimal in the control group, significantly increased in the model group, and reduced in the losartan group.

Conclusion

Losartan has a protective effect against tubulointerstitial injury in IgAN.
ALK or ROS1-rearranged breast metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: a report of 2 cases
Authors: Wu Xiao , Wang Hong , Fang Mei , Li Chun , Zeng Yun , Wang Kai
Published: September 2019

Background:

Breast metastases from extramammary sites are extremely rare, with an incidence of 0.4%–1.3% reported in the literature. Insufficient knowledge about its pathology and genetic mutation often leads to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Case presentation:

We present 2 patients with synchronous (case 1) or metachronous (case 2) breast nodules, revealed as atypical breast metastases from pulmonary adenocarcinomas, in which ALK or ROS1 rearrangement were finally detected in breast mass. After they failed sequential treatments with standard chemotherapies for lung and breast cancer, we reexamined breast lump biopsy and found they were all lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the breast with the presence of an ALK rearrangement in one case and of ROS1 rearrangement in the other. Eventually these 2 patients were treated with crizotinib. Both the primary tumor and the metastasis of these 2 patients were significantly regressed.

Conclusion:

Whenever a diagnosis of a suspected tumor with sites at more than one organ is made, pathologic as well molecular pathologic examinations designated for organ-specific cancers should be done.
The role of performance feedback consistency in aspiration level adaptation: Evidence from a European grocery retailer
Authors: Konduk Burak Cem
Published: September 2019

This study investigates whether and how the impact of drivers of aspiration levels changes across the cases of consistent and inconsistent performance feedback within the context of a retailer. Analysis of internal corporate data shows that while past aspiration level and performance–aspiration gap positively influence the current aspiration level in the case of inconsistent feedback, performance feedback consistency changes only the impact of performance relative to peers. This study replicates past research in a different industry and country due to limited empirical evidence, introduces real-world complexity into aspiration theory, pinpoints performance–aspiration gap as the primary performance feedback, introduces a new sign for the impact of performance relative to peers, and reconciles its previously detected mixed impact. The findings suggest that organizational attention has an inward focus in the case of inconsistent feedback. The results also point out that leaders can trigger change through a performance outcome that lags behind the corresponding aspiration level rather than the performance of peers and eventually move their organizations toward high performance targets by starting with feasible rather than stretch goals.
The many lives of border automation: Turbulence, coordination and care
Authors: Lisle Debbie , Bourne Mike
Published: September 2019

Automated borders promise instantaneous, objective and accurate decisions that efficiently filter the growing mass of mobile people and goods into safe and dangerous categories. We critically interrogate that promise by looking closely at how UK and European border agents reconfigure automated borders through their sense-making activities and everyday working practices. We are not interested in rehearsing a pro- vs. anti-automation debate, but instead illustrate how both positions reproduce a powerful anthropocentrism that effaces the entanglements and coordinations between humans and nonhumans in border spaces. Drawing from fieldwork with customs officers, immigration officers and airport managers at a UK and a European airport, we illustrate how border agents navigate a turbulent ‘cycle’ of automation that continually overturns assumed hierarchies between humans and technology. The coordinated practices engendered by institutional culture, material infrastructures, drug loos and sniffer dogs cannot be captured by a reductive account of automated borders as simply confirming or denying a predetermined, data-driven in/out decision.
Medium, calculation, play: On digital images in scientific practice
Authors: Hoeppe Götz
Published: September 2019

Latour’s notion of immutable mobiles relates the circulability of certain objects to, among other features, their immutability, readability and combinability. As such it does not distinguish between, say, hand-drawn maps and machine-generated graphs. How, though, does the medial ‘microstructure’ of immutable mobiles matter to socially shared uses? Would, for example, digital images as bounded grids of nonoverlapping square pixels, each representing a numerical value, shape how distributed scientific work unfolds? In this article, I begin with reviewing attempts to link the microstructure of media to their communicative uses, focusing on Luhmann’s relational account of media as loosely coupled substrates in which more rigid forms can become manifest. Drawing on an ethnography of astronomical research, I then inquire into how the scientists involved reasoned about their uses of media from within their practices. They used digital photographic exposures as ‘workable objects’ whose usefulness was not guaranteed initially. Local work was oriented to potential reuses of images (as processed exposures) by researchers elsewhere, as demonstrated by concerns over the integrity of images, the possibility of describing their work with reasonable efforts, as well as by negotiating acceptable elements in calculations so as to reveal stabilized phenomena. In doing so, scientists insisted on the need to play or experiment, suspending sequential work for explorations oriented toward deciding which action among alternatives to make consequential. This was part of a more extended ‘calculative game’ that points, through its orientation to reasonable agreement and delimitations of legitimate efforts, to the social order of this work. The medium, here conceived as images deemed accountable to reuses elsewhere, is a social achievement. Recognizing this may help to better understand the reusability of scientific data and its challenges.
Introduction to Special Issue on Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Erooga Marcus , Kaufman Keith L.
Published: September 2019

This Special Edition brings together innovative research from leading figures in their field of work from the USA, UK and Australia. With its focus on prevention, it is designed to highlight a broad international sample of cutting-edge child sexual abuse prevention thinking, intended to both spur additional prevention research and sharing these creative approaches to preventing sexual abuse.
Citations Gone #Social: Examining the Effect of Altmetrics on Citations and Readership in Communication Research
Authors: Wasike Ben
Published: September 2019

Altmetrics are a relatively new phenomenon in research. These metrics measure the attention that research articles receive from nontraditional venues such as social media and the Internet. This study examined how these metrics affect both the readership and citation of articles in communication research. The study examined citation data alongside altmetrics data from academic social networking sites ResearchGate and Mendeley, as well as mentions on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. Results indicated that all altmetrics positively correlated with citation. Posting articles on sites such as ResearchGate and Mendeley not only impacted readership, it increased the likelihood of citation. Other variables that improved readership and citation were social media mentions, downloadable articles, coauthorship, and an active online presence among scholars.
miR-191 is involved in renal dysfunction in arsenic-exposed populations by regulating inflammatory response caused by arsenic from burning arsenic-contaminated coal
Authors: Xu Y , Zou Z , Liu Y , Wang Q , Sun B , Zeng Q , Liu Q , Zhang A
Published: September 2019

Chronic exposure to arsenic may result in the manifestation of damage in multiple organs or systems of the body. Arsenic-induced renal dysfunction has been determined, but their pathogenesis has not been fully examined. In this study, we measured the expression levels of miR-191 in plasma, the contents of pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-2 and transforming growth factor beta) cytokines, and renal dysfunction indicators (blood urea nitrogen, blood creatinine, uric acid, and cystatin C) in serum from control and arsenic poisoning populations and analyzed the relationship between the miR-191, cytokines, and renal dysfunction indicators. The results clearly show the alteration of miR-191 expression was significantly associated with arsenic-induced renal dysfunction. Overall, the association of miR-191, inflammatory response and renal dysfunction, is clearly supported by the current findings. In other words, miR-191 is involved in renal dysfunction in exposed populations by regulating inflammatory response caused by coal-burning arsenic. The study provides a scientific basis for further studies of the causes of the arsenic-induced renal dysfunction, the biological role of miR-191, and targeted prevention strategies.
Foreign bond investors and market discipline
Authors: Rommerskirchen Charlotte
Published: September 2019

This article scrutinizes the impact of foreign bond ownership on market discipline, that is the mutual responsiveness of financial markets and sovereign borrowers. The empirical investigation covers 12 advanced economies during the Great Moderation (1981–2008). This article finds no evidence that foreign bond investors affect the sensitivity of bond spreads to fiscal policy. Reversely, results show that government responsiveness to market pressure is contingent on the make-up of its investor base. Bond spreads spur on fiscal consolidation. The larger the share of foreign bond investors, the bigger this effect.
Mental Disorder, Service Utilization, and GPA: Studying Mental Health of Former Child Welfare and Youth Experiencing Homelessness in a Campus Support Program
Authors: Huang Hui , Fernandez Sofia B. , Rhoden Michelle-Ann , Joseph Rigaud
Published: September 2019

Research has identified higher rates of mental disorders among former child welfare youth and youth experiencing homelessness when compared with their peers in the general population. Given the growing number of campus support programs serving these youth, research should focus on students in these programs to understand whether mental health problems interfere with these students’ receipt of program services, which can lead to unsatisfactory academic performance. This study collected both quantitative and qualitative data from students in a campus support program to examine the prevalence of mental disorders, mental health service use, receipt of program services, students’ grade point average, and their perceptions of obstacles and motivations to academic success. Implications for social work research and practice are discussed.
Boundary vibration control for a two-link rigid–flexible manipulator with quantized input
Authors: Cao Fangfei , Liu Jinkun
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to investigate the control problem for a two-link rigid–flexible manipulator with input quantization. Abundant studies of the quantized control problem are based on the lumped parameter system, which is expressed using ordinary differential equations. In this paper, the dynamic model for a two-link rigid–flexible manipulator is represented using partial differential equations. The controller design and analysis with input quantization are based on the partial differential equation model. By means of an auxiliary system, tracking errors and boundary vibrations can be eliminated. Simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller with quantized input.
The Role of NGOs in Touristic Securitization: The Case of La Antigua Guatemala
Authors: Becklake Sarah
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the role of nonprofit, nongovernmental, international development organizations (NGOs) in touristic securitization, the practice of securing tourists to sustain tourism. Especially in the Global South, NGOs are incorporating tourism into their operations/funding strategies and, thus, becoming touristic securitization stakeholders and actors. Through focusing on Western NGOs in and around Guatemala’s main tourism destination, La Antigua Guatemala, this article investigates how NGOs rely on, contribute to, and/or engage in touristic securitization. While the article demonstrates that NGOs help make Western tourists feel safe enough to travel to Guatemala, as well as help to keep them from harm while visiting, it also shows how touristic securitization is informed by and informing of intersecting inequalities and (re)producing human insecurities, especially for poor, often indigenous, Guatemalans, the very people NGOs aim to help. The article argues that touristic securitization is securing different worlds of (in)security.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Sociology in Post-1990 Turkey
Authors: Kınıkoğlu Canan Neşe
Published: September 2019

This study explores the spatio-temporal conditions of producing sociological knowledge at universities at a time of transformation in post-1990 (1990–2017) Turkey. Through a content analysis of the sociology PhD theses submitted in this period, it investigates the questions of where, when, and how sociological knowledge is institutionalized in Turkey. The study has two main findings. First, spatial distribution of sociology PhD theses highlights the ensuing centre–periphery relationships inside Turkey, a country itself located in the periphery. Endowed with better resources, the centre (mainly Ankara and Istanbul) focuses on macro solutions to the problems faced by Turkey and other countries, whereas the rest of the country produces knowledge about their immediate surroundings, that is, particular regions/cities/towns of Turkey. This difference illustrates the degrees to which sociological research in post-1990 Turkey is territorially limited by (Turkish) national borders. Second, temporally speaking, the sociological interest in domestic issues revolves mainly around ‘politics’ and ‘economy’, insofar as they relate to the economic crises, neoliberalism, globalization, and democratization attempts Turkey experienced in the post-1990 period. A closer reading of this spatio-temporality may suggest that Turkish sociology is susceptible to methodological nationalism that downplays the impact of nationalism, conforms to the nation-state and nations, and territorially limits the unit of analysis. Despite the transformations brought about by the period and the spatial differences in knowledge production between the centre and the periphery, sociology in Turkey is bound by the national territorial and ideational boundaries, reproducing the ethnic, political, cultural, and social foundations of Turkish nationalism. This study argues that although Turkish sociology stands on the periphery within the non-Western context, it is nonetheless formalized around its own centre–periphery relationship within the country itself, and that its spatio-temporal institutionalization in the post-1990 period has reproduced an implicit methodological nationalism that relies on Turkish nationalism.