bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Basic Approaches to Legal Security Understanding and Its Provision at an International Level
Authors: Belyaeva Galina S. , Butova Ekaterina V. , Krylova Yuliya A. , Kirilenko Viktoriya S. , Shmalij Oksana V.
Published: August 2017

This article contains an integrated interdisciplinary approach to the study of legal security and its provision at an international level. The study is aimed at the development of conceptual approaches to the understanding of legal security in a general social sense and the ways of its provision at an international level. The evolution of approaches to the determination of an individual, society and a state legal security is considered, and attention is drawn to the need of legal component strengthening concerning the process of national and international security provision. The main determinants of international activity for legal security provision are established and systematized.
Constitutional Spheres and Forms of Interaction among Chamber in Modern Parliaments
Authors: Nikonova Ludmila I. , Markhgeym Marina V. , Novikova Alevtina E. , Minasyan Anna A. , Kurova Natalya N.
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to the identification of spheres and associated forms of interaction between the chambers of modern bicameral parliaments. It was noted that the constitutional forms of inter-chamber cooperation differ by considerable variety and depend on a legal status of chambers. On the basis of constitutional legislation analysis, the article proposes the systematization of spheres and the forms of interaction between the chambers of parliaments.
Conceptual Bases of State Management in the Sphere of National Security: The Anglo-American Approach
Authors: Belyaeva Galina S. , Belyaev Valeriy P. , Grechkina Olga V. , Shepelev Vladimir I. , Chapchikov Sergey Yu.
Published: August 2017

This article has both a general theoretical, conceptual, and branch character. It is a complex interdisciplinary study aimed at conceptual approaches establishment to the understanding of national security and the mechanisms for its provision in foreign countries such as the United States and Great Britain. Within the framework of the prepared article, its authors carried out a comparative analysis of strategic legal regulation experience concerning the national security issues of these foreign countries, the use of which is necessary in view of the new global challenges within a national legal system. The specifics of the Anglo-American approach to public administration in the sphere of national security provision are established and systematized.
Objectives and Principles of Administrative Proceedings: Doctrinal Ideas and Legislative Wordings of the Eastern European Countries
Authors: Makogon Boris V. , Nikulin Mihail I. , Samsonov Valerij N. , Sorokoletova Marina A. , Tovstukha Olesya O.
Published: August 2017

This article examines the theoretical approaches and legislative decisions of the Eastern European states’ cocerning the purposes and principles of administrative proceedings. Based on the analysis of relevant scientific works and legislation, it has been concluded that both the objectives of administrative proceedings and its principles relate to the human rights and freedoms. At the same time, the doctrinally articulated objectives do not find their systematic reflection in the legislation, and the principles are a universal legal element that determines the relationships between the executive authorities and citizens.
Current Practices and Improvement of Saudi Corporate Governance Framework
Authors: Al-habshan Khalid Saad
Published: August 2017

The preceding article described the notions of disclosure and transparency and their purpose and importance in practice. An understanding of the requirements and elements of the practice of disclosure leads to a discussion of its benefits and advantages, as well as the consequences of a lack of transparency during financial scandals. The Saudi approach to disclosure and transparency is also examined based on the evidence given in board annual reports. This paper highlights the way the Saudi legal system evaluates corporate governance and its legal basis.
Determining the Size of the Mental Foramen: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Falakaloglu Seda , Veis Artemisa
Published: August 2017

Aim: Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important to prepare strategy when administering regional anesthesia, performing dental surgical procedures, endodontic treatments. Also, it is critical to analyze diameter of mental foramen in sagittal, coronal, and axial images.  The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the diameter of the MF in different planes from CBCT images.

Methodology: This study was designed at Department of Endodontics, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey. One hundred twenty three (67 female, 56 male) CBCT scans that met the study criteria were obtained. All images were obtained from i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA). Data were analyzed using Student’s t-tests and Tukey HSD tests.

Results: For the analysis of age, data were divided into four groups: 12–17, 18–29, 30–49, and ≥50 years. The data were also divided into two groups by gender. Axial and coronal image measurements were also divided into right and left. There was a statistical difference compared with females and males (p<0.05). In the coronal plane, the right region showed significant differences in measurements between the groups (p<0.05). In the axial plane, there was no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). The differences between the groups in the left region in the axial plane measurements were significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Using CBCT imaging superimposition of anatomical structures can be eliminated. It is important that determine that the size of the mental foramen. This study is a retrospective study using CBCT from patient and find that the size of the mental foramen.

How to cite this article: Falakaloglu S, Veis A. Determining the size of the mental foramen: A cone-beam computed tomography study. Int Dent Res 2017;7:20-25.
Fast Track to Accreditation: An Implementation Review of College of American Pathologists and International Organization for Standardization 15189 Accreditation
Authors: AbdelWareth Laila O. , Pallinalakam Fasila , Ibrahim Faisal , Anderson Peter , Liaqat Muneezeh , Palmer Bryson , Harris Jonathan , Bashir Saber , Alatoom Adnan , Algora Manuel , Alduaij Ahmad , Mirza Imran
Published: August 2017

Context.—

This review examines challenges and opportunities in preparing laboratories in a startup phase for accreditation by both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189 in an international setting as it relates to our experience at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Laboratory. It also discusses some of the strategies used in executing those projects and the added advantages in pursuing both types of accreditations.

Objectives.—

To share our experience with CAP and ISO 15189 accreditations in a startup international operation in relation to the challenges encountered and implementation strategy success factors.

Data Sources.—

MEDLINE (PubMed) database was used to review this topic as well as peer-reviewed articles and World Health Organization publications on the topic.

Conclusions.—

Accreditation is a perfect means toward building quality medical laboratories in a diverse workforce environment and improving patient safety. Further, it establishes a strong foundation on which any new operation can build a sustainable quality improvement culture. Accreditations by CAP and/or ISO are among the most reputable and well-established accreditation systems that clinical laboratories could aim for. As a result of both accreditations offering synergistic and complementing features, we recommend that any laboratory seeking excellence in quality and performance should consider exploring both. Key elements to success include having dedicated project management and change management support while preparing for accreditation. Laboratories seeking accreditation in early operational stages may face a number of challenges; however, significant opportunities will also be present to optimize various operational components from the beginning.
MANEJO DE COLHEITA E ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA NA CULTURA DA ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis) EM FASE DE PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Santin Delmar , Benedetti Eliziane Luiza , Barros Nairam Félix de , Fontes Lucas Leandro , Almeida Igor Carvalho de , Neves Júlio César Lima , Wendling Ivar
Published: August 2017

As sucessivas colheitas na base de folhas (FO) e galhos finos (GF), sem a necessária reposição nutricional, têm proporcionado quedas na produtividade brasileira de erva-mate nos últimos 20 anos. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência do intervalo de colheita e da adubação fosfatada na disponibilidade de fósforo (P) no solo, na produtividade e no estado nutricional da erva-mate. O experimento foi conduzido em São Mateus do Sul - PR, em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico, onde se avaliaram doses de 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 e 320 kgha-1 de P2O5 para colheitas com intervalos de 12, 18 e 24 meses em erval com sete anos. A colheita consistiu na remoção de aproximadamente 95% da copa formada após a colheita anterior. A massa verde colhida foi determinada individualmente para os componentes FO, GF e galho grosso (GG), sendo FO + GF correspondente à erva-mate comercial (ECOM). Dos componentes da planta, também se avaliou a relação entre massa verde/seca (MV/MS) e teor de P na FO, GF e GG. No momento da colheita coletaram-se amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, nas quais se avaliou a disponibilidade de P. A adubação fosfatada elevou a disponibilidade de P no solo nas primeiras camadas e a cultura respondeu positivamente ao nutriente com aumento da produtividade em todos os componentes avaliados. Altas produtividades de ECOM, independentemente do intervalo de colheita, dependem de disponibilidade de P no solo em nível alto na camada de 0-10 cm. Colheitas com intervalos de tempo maiores resultaram em maiores produtividades de ECOM, mas para maximizar a produtividade, necessita-se de doses mais elevadas de fertilizantes. Intervalos de 12 meses são insuficientes para que a planta se recupere do impacto da colheita, mesmo quando a planta está bem nutrida em fósforo.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA LUMINOSA NOS ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DE FOLHAS DE Theobroma speciosum WILLD EX SPRENG. (MALVACEAE)
Authors: Dardengo Juliana de Freitas Encinas , Rossi Ana Aparecida Bandini , Silva Ivone Vieira da , Pessoa Marcos José Gomes , Silva Carolina Joana da
Published: August 2017

O conhecimento anatômico de espécies do gênero Theobroma é importante para o estabelecimento e manutenção de coleções de germoplasma, tendo em vista estudos agronômicos e fitopatológicos e programas de melhoramento genético. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a anatomia das folhas de Theobroma speciosum, registrando as diferenças estruturais observadas entre folhas de sol e folhas de sombra. Folhas de indivíduos de Theobroma speciosum foram coletadas no Parque Nacional do Juruena e em pastagens na zona rural do município de Alta Floresta – MT. Foram analisados a espessura do mesofilo foliar, dos parênquimas paliçádico e lacunoso, da nervura mediana e do feixe vascular. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada utilizando o método Hierárquico UPGMA, com base na distância euclidiana média padronizada. Foram observados tricomas glandulares do tipo claviforme e estrelados sésseis. A epiderme é unisseriada, o mesofilo é dorsiventral, entretanto os parênquimas são pouco distintos. Feixes vasculares colaterais estão dispersos no mesofilo, formando bainhas que se estendem até as epidermes. A nervura central, em secção transversal, possui formato biconvexo, com sistema vascular fechado envolto por bainha esclerenquimática. A constituição do mesofilo das folhas variou com o ambiente. Plantas expostas a pleno sol apresentam células mais alongadas no parênquima paliçádico, parênquima lacunoso com mais camadas e maior quantidade de tricomas, enquanto que as folhas de sombra apresentaram células com muitos espaços intercelulares no mesofilo. O dendrograma mostrou a formação de dois grupos distintos: o grupo I composto pelas plantas do Parque e o grupo II pelas plantas das pastagens. Tal agrupamento demonstrou alterações anatômicas significativas ocasionadas pelas variações da intensidade luminosa sobre as folhas, o que evidenciou grande capacidade adaptativa de Theobroma speciosum.
ANÁLISE FITOGEOGRÁFICA DA FLORA ARBUSTIVO-ARBÓREA EM ECÓTONO NO PLANALTO DA BODOQUENA, MS, BRASIL
Authors: Zavala Carmen Beatriz Reiss , Fernandes Shaline Séfara Lopes , Pereira Zefa Valdivina , Silva Sandro Menezes
Published: August 2017

O estabelecimento de prioridades na conservação dos ecossistemas terrestres remete à necessidade de conhecimento acerca da diversidade destes ambientes, especialmente no bioma Cerrado e suas zonas de transição florística, já que se encontram em elevado estágio de degradação. Com este cenário, este estudo objetivou realizar o inventário florístico de um fragmento florestal sobre área de tensão ecológica no Planalto da Bodoquena, MS, Brasil, e avaliar suas relações fitogeográficas com outras florestas estacionais e cerrados do Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram amostradas 102 parcelas contíguas de 10 x 10 m (100 m2). O critério de inclusão foi o perímetro a altura do peito (PAP) ≥ 15 cm. Na análise de similaridade florística foi aplicado o coeficiente de Sorensen, adotando-se o método de ligação pela média de grupo (UPGMA), em que se calculou o grau de similaridade de 26 listas florísticas. Das 96 espécies ocorrentes neste levantamento, 91 foram identificadas em nível específico, e, destas, 80,2% (73) foram encontradas em um ou mais estudos das áreas analisadas, com maior ocorrência em Floresta Estacional Decidual (FED) (54), seguida por Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (FES) (47) e cerradão (46). Os resultados mostraram agrupamento da área de estudo com as FED de Minas Gerais em nível de 30%, revelando baixa similaridade. Devido à baixa similaridade florística entre as áreas analisadas, estas são caracterizadas pela sua elevada diversidade beta.
INFLUÊNCIA DA TERMORRETIFICAÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA A DEGRADAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DAS MADEIRAS DE Pinus taeda E Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Modes Karina Soares , Santini Elio José , Vivian Magnos Alan , Garlet Alencar
Published: August 2017

A presente pesquisa objetivou investigar o efeito de duas técnicas de termorretificação nas propriedades biológicas das madeiras de Pinus taeda L. e Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, comparando-as com os resultados obtidos para a madeira sem tratamento. De cada espécie foram amostradas três árvores com 25 anos, das quais se extraiu uma prancha central a altura do DAP para confecção de corpos de prova que foram submetidos aos tratamentos térmicos para, posteriormente, ser transformados em peças de 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,9 cm. No primeiro tratamento, as madeiras foram submetidas à termorretificação em autoclave a 130 ± 3°C e pressão de 2 kgf/cm², por 3 horas e, após um período de condicionamento, submetidas ao calor em estufa elétrica a 160 ± 1°C pelo mesmo período. O segundo tratamento consistiu apenas da termorretificação em estufa. A resistência ao ataque biológico foi avaliada por meio de ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado em laboratório, utilizando um fungo de podridão-branca, Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pilat, e outro de podridão-parda Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon. ex Fries) Murr. O tratamento associado da autoclave com a estufa elétrica favoreceu o apodrecimento de ambas as espécies de madeira aos fungos empregados, com exceção da madeira de Pinus taeda submetida ao Trametes versicolor, enquanto o tratamento em estufa forneceu um aumento da resistência biológica da madeira de Pinus taeda ao Trametes versicolor e da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis ao fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum. De maneira geral, conclui-se que o tratamento em estufa resultou em peças de madeira mais resistentes à degradação biológica e em menor perda de massa em comparação com o tratamento associado da autoclave com a estufa quando verificada a ineficácia da técnica de termorretificação, ao passo que este último quando aplicado a ambas as espécies resultou em um aumento na propensão das mesmas à degradação biológica.
POTENCIAL DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS INSERIDOS DENTRO DE FLORESTA DE EXÓTICAS PARA A RESTAURAÇÃO DA FLORESTA COM ARAUCÁRIAS
Authors: Ferreira Paula Iaschitzki , Paludo Giovani Festa , Chaves Camila Lucas , Bortoluzzi Roseli Lopes da Costa , Mantovani Adelar
Published: August 2017

A fragmentação florestal e o uso da matriz da paisagem por culturas agrícolas ou florestais pode alterar a composição de espécies, a ponto que estes não representem mais a estrutura da floresta nativa. Assim, fragmentos podem perder o potencial de fornecimento de propágulos para a restauração quando perdem espécies, ou quando têm a estrutura alterada em função dos efeitos da fragmentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de uma rede de fragmentos florestais remanescentes formados há aproximadamente 50 anos em uma fazenda com povoamento florestal de exóticas, para atuar como fonte de propágulos no processo de regeneração natural. O sítio utilizado pertence a uma Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), utilizado para produção florestal de espécies exóticas, com área de 798 ha, localizada no município de Ponte Alta - SC. Foram utilizados dados de levantamentos de fitossociologia desta formação para comparação, utilizando-se curvas construídas com base na rarefação do indivíduo, a distribuição das seis espécies mais abundantes, proporção de espécies e indivíduos zoocóricos e análise de similaridade, entre os locais. Os fragmentos florestais apresentaram riqueza de espécies compatíveis e por vezes maior ao que se pode encontrar em outras situações de FOM. Mimosa scabrella foi a espécie mais abundante, diferindo dos demais levantamentos. A quantidade de espécies com mecanismos de dispersão zoocórica foi semelhante ao esperado para FOM, entretanto, a quantidade de indivíduos zoocóricos foi inferior ao que poderia ser esperado. Os resultados indicam que os fragmentos apresentam potencial para atuar como fonte de propágulos no processo de restauração das áreas inseridas na fazenda, contudo, a capacidade pode ser limitada, uma vez que os fragmentos apresentaram algumas características diferentes de outras florestas com Araucárias.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA TESTA DE SEMENTES DE Apuleia leiocarpa (VOGEL) J. F. MACBR) APÓS SUPERAÇÃO DE DORMÊNCIA
Authors: Castro Dayene Schiavon de , Araujo Eduardo Fontes , Borges Eduardo Euclydes de Lima , Amaro Hugo Tiago Ribeiro
Published: August 2017

A dormência é um fenômeno intrínseco da semente, funcionando como mecanismo de resistência natural aos fatores adversos do meio. A germinação só ocorrerá quando esta for superada e as condições ambientais forem favoráveis ao crescimento das plântulas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito de tratamentos para superação da dormência na estrutura da testa de sementes de Apuleia leiocarpa pela microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os métodos pré-germinativos para superação da dormência foram: sementes não escarificadas (testemunha), imersão em ácido sulfúrico 75 e 98% por três e nove minutos e imersão em água aquecida a 80ºC por 30 segundos. As sementes foram submetidas às análises em microscopia e foram avaliadas pelo teste de germinação. Os tratamentos foram eficientes em romper a exotesta das sementes de garapa, sendo que o ácido promoveu elevado incremento na germinação. A água aquecida causou a morte das sementes.
SIMILARIDADE FLORÍSTICA ENTRE TRECHOS DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL DO CORREDOR DE BIODIVERSIDADE SANTA MARIA - PR
Authors: Gris Darlene , Temponi Lívia Godinho
Published: August 2017

Os Corredores de Biodiversidade têm a função de manter e restabelecer a conectividade entre fragmentos florestais remanescentes. O Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria - PR visa conectar o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu à mata ciliar do reservatório de Itaipu, através da implantação de áreas de reflorestamento entre fragmentos remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a diversidade de espécies arbóreas e a similaridade florística entre áreas de florestas nativas secundárias e de reflorestamentos em diferentes idades. Compararam-se a densidade, a diversidade, a equabilidade e a composição florística dos cinco fragmentos e a similaridade foi avaliada pelos índices de Jaccard e de distância de Bray-Curtis. Em dois hectares amostrados, foram encontrados 2328 indivíduos, distribuídos em 134 espécies e 39 famílias. A similaridade florística agrupou as florestas secundárias nativas mais preservadas e as áreas com reflorestamento em grupos distintos. As 11 espécies exóticas encontradas nas áreas de reflorestamento não foram observadas nas áreas mais preservadas e, portanto, o manejo das mesmas deve ser incentivado, como medida de preservação dos fragmentos nativos remanescentes de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual.
Agricultural Biotechnology Is Much More Than Herbicide-Tolerant Crops
Authors: Miller Henry I. , Wager Robert
Published: August 2017

Herbicide-tolerant genetically engineered (GE) plants have been a lightning rod for activists, who regularly attack them, citing a number of spurious objections. Contrary to their claims, the plants do not contain herbicides; rather they are resistant to the herbicides, in order to make weed control – an essential aspect of farming – more efficient and cost-effective. But molecular genetic engineering applied to crops has made monumental contributions in addition to herbicide-resistance, and these are discussed.
Influence of Biotechnology on Marketing of Building Materials
Authors: Chen Jinping
Published: August 2017

Abstract: Microbial technology as a kind of biotechnology, has a good improvement effect on the performance of building materials and a very large repair effect especially on concrete. From the perspective of biotechnology, the urease produced by microbial metabolism is applied to the formation of calcium carbonate to study its repair effect on building materials - concrete cracks, and its influence on the marketing of building materials. The results show that the microbial induced calcium carbonate can be used to repair the concrete cracks and have good impermeability, and can promote the marketing of building materials.
A Guide to Time lag and Time lag Shortening Strategies in Oncology-Based Drug Development
Authors: Uygur Berna , Duberman Josh , Ferguson Steven M
Published: August 2017

One of the ongoing challenges for academic, biotech and pharma organizations involved in oncology-related research and development is how to help scientists be more effective in transforming new scientific ideas into products that improve patients’ lives. Decreasing the time required between bench work and translational study would allow potential benefits of innovation to reach patients more quickly. In this study, the time required to translate cancer-related biomedical research into clinical practice is examined for the most common cancer cases including breast, lung and prostate cancer. The calculated “time lag” typically of 10 years for new oncology treatments in these areas can create fatal delays in a patient’s life. Reasons for the long “time lag” in cancer drug development were examined in detail, and key opinion leaders were interviewed, to formulate suggestions for helping new drugs reach from bench to bed side more quickly.
Psychological well-being in Italian families: An exploratory approach to the study of mental health across the adult life span in the blue zone
Authors: Hitchcott Paul Kenneth , Fastame Maria Chiara , Ferrai Jessica , Penna Maria Pietronilla
Published: August 2017

Self-reported measures of psychological well-being and depressive symptoms were examined across differently aged family members, while controlling for the impact of marital status and personal satisfaction about family and non-family relations. Twenty-one grandchildren (i.e., ages 21-36 years) were recruited with their parents (i.e., 48-66 years old) and grandparents (i.e., 75-101 years of age) in the ‘blue zone’ of Ogliastra, an Italian area known for the longevity of its inhabitants. Each participant was individually presented a battery of questionnaires assessing their lifestyle and several perceived mental health indices, including the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS, Tennant et al., 2007), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (i.e., CES-D, Radloff, 1977). After assessing the level of concordance among adults sharing the same context, the Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) approach was used to assess the nested dataset. It was found that family membership (i.e., grandchildren versus parents and grandparents) predicted the WEMWBS score but not the CES-D when the impact of marital status and personal satisfaction about social (i.e., family and non-family) ties was controlled for. Moreover, two separate repeated-measure Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) documented similar level of personal satisfaction about social relationships across the three family groups. In conclusions, satisfying social ties with friends and family members together with an active socially oriented life style seems to contribute to the promotion of mental health in adult span.
Compare Trenchless Methods for Water Main Rehab
Authors: Hashemi Behnam , Najafi Mo
Published: August 2017

Every day, water utilities face major challenges of renewing aging underground infrastructure. Trenchless technologies offer several approaches for rehabilitating and renewing old, crumbling underground water pipelines.
Violence agie ou subie par les jeunes issus de la diversité culturelle : bilan de la
recherche québécoise
Authors: Tardif Grenier Kristel , Lavergne Chantal , Sarmiento Janet
Published: August 2017

Depuis les années 2000, les études sur la violence agie ou subie par les jeunes
issus de la diversité culturelle sont de plus en plus nombreuses. Le présent bilan vise à
recenser les études québécoises portant sur ce sujet et à faire l’inventaire des
caractéristiques de ces études ainsi que de leur objet de recherche. Au total, 44 études
portant surtout sur la maltraitance mais également sur la délinquance ont été recensées. Une
réflexion sur les forces et les limites de ces études ainsi que sur les pistes prometteuses
pour la recherche à venir est présentée en discussion.
MR imaging of scaphoid fractures. Fat-saturated T2-weighted and Short tau inversion recovery images.
Authors: Meincke Louise , Dimitar Ivanov Radev , Eriksen Rie , Lauridsen Carsten Ammitzbøl
Published: August 2017

Objective: Traumatic injuries of os scaphoideum are serious, and might lead to two main grades of consequences (i.e. osteoarthrosis or avascular necrosis), if a fracture remains undiagnosed. Bone bruise may be the only pathological sign of pain which can last for week or month. Articles describe the importance of early MRI and hereby predict bone bruise with the help of fat suppression sequence; however, only a limited selection articles compares various fat suppression techniques. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T2 fat saturation (FAT SAT) sequences, sectional directed along the scaphoid bone axis. In relation to background fat intensity suppression, this study sought the sequence that best evaluated posttraumatic bone marrow edema (bone bruise) on scaphoid injury musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 1.5 T extremity scanner).Materials and methods: Two hundred and fifty-one patients with relevant trauma and positive clinical test for scaphoid bone fractures, exceeding no more than 14 days, underwent MRI examinations. A fast STIR and T2 FAT SAT fast spin echo sequence (FSE) were obtained using a comparable parameter setting (scan time ca. 3 minutes). Three experienced readers (one radiographer and two radiologists) carried out the evaluation blinded to each other’s, based on a quantitative assessment of size (area) and image quality (image contrast, IC and contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR). The study period lasted March 2014-April 2015. Sixty patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. This prospective study was ethically approved by the institutional review board.Results: There were no significant difference between the bone bruise areas (P=0.45, P=0.44 and P=0.83) or CNR (P=0.31, P=0.38 and P=0.17). However, image contrast showed significant difference in favour of T2 FAT SAT in all three readers’ reports (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.05).Conclusions: The two sequences appear almost identical. An interchangeable usage of the two sequences was found being acceptable for the diagnosis if the protocol is composed appropriately (1.5T). However, the T2 FAT SAT provided a higher image contrast by specific settings (e.g. short TI = 125 ms) compared to STIR.
Utilização da PDD para Gerenciamento de Resultados em Empresas Listadas na BM&FBovespa
Authors: Nez Evandro De , Gollo Vanderlei , Warken Ines Liani Menzel , Klann Roberto Carlos
Published: August 2017

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em verificar a influência da utilização da PDD na prática de gerenciamento de resultados em empresas brasileiras listadas na BM&FBovespa. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise com empresas listadas nos segmentos Bovespa Mais e Novo Mercado, totalizando uma amostra de 54 companhias. Os dados, de 2006 a 2011, foram coletados junto à base de dados da Economática® e no sítio da BM&FBovespa. Calculou-se o gerenciamento de resultado a partir do modelo utilizado por Martinez (2006). Os resultados apontam indícios de que houve a utilização da provisão para devedores duvidosos com objetivo de gerenciar resultados no período analisado. No entanto, o modelo utilizado para a análise dos dados não apresentou significância estatística. Conclui-se, assim, que apesar dos indícios da existência de gerenciamento de resultados a partir da PDD, estes não podem ser confirmados a partir dos resultados apresentados nesta análise.
An Assessment of Ground Level and Free Tropospheric Ozone Over California and Nevada
Authors: Yates E. L. , Johnson M. S. , Iraci L. T. , Ryoo J.‐M. , Pierce R. B. , Cullis P. D. , Gore W. , Ives M. A. , Johnson B. J. , Leblanc T. , Marrero J. E. , Sterling C. W. , Tanaka T.
Published: August 2017

Increasing free tropospheric ozone (O3), combined with the high elevation and often deep boundary layers at western U.S. surface stations, poses challenges in attaining the more stringent 70 ppb O3National Ambient Air Quality Standard. As such, use of observational data to identify sources and mechanisms that contribute to surface O3is increasingly important. This work analyzes surface and vertical O3observations over California and Nevada from 1995 to 2015. Over this period, the number of high O3events (95th percentile) at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites has decreased during summer, as a result of decreasing U.S. emissions. In contrast, an increase in springtime 5th percentile O3indicates a general increase of baseline O3. During 2012 there was a peak in exceedances and in the average spring‐summer O3mixing ratios at CASTNET sites. Goddard Earth Observing System‐Chem results show that the surface O3attributable to transport from the upper troposphere and stratosphere was increased in 2013 compared to 2012, highlighting the importance of measurements aloft. Vertical O3measurements from aircraft, ozonesondes, and lidar show distinct seasonal trends, with a high percentage of elevated O3laminae (O3 > 70 ppb, 3–8 km) during spring and summer. Analysis of the timing of high O3surface events and correlation between surface and vertical O3data is used to discuss varying sources of western U.S. surface O3.
Dissolution‐Assisted Pattern Formation During Olivine Carbonation
Authors: Lisabeth Harrison , Zhu Wenlu , Xing Tiange , De Andrade Vincent
Published: August 2017

Olivine and pyroxene‐bearing rocks in the oceanic crust react with hydrothermal fluids producing changes in the physical characteristics and behaviors of the altered rocks. Notably, these reactions tend to increase solid volume, reducing pore volume, permeability, and available reactive surface area, yet entirely hydrated and/or carbonated rocks are commonly observed in the field. We investigate the evolution of porosity and permeability of fractured dunites reacted with CO2‐rich solutions in laboratory experiments. The alteration of crack surfaces changes the mechanical and transport properties of the bulk samples. Analysis of three‐dimensional microstructural data shows that although precipitation of secondary minerals causes the total porosity of the sample to decrease, an interconnected network of porosity is maintained through channelized dissolution and coupled carbonate precipitation. The observed microstructure appears to be the result of chemo‐mechanical coupling, which may provide a mechanism of porosity maintenance without the need to invoke reaction‐driven cracking.
Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) Duration as Determined From Van Allen Probe Successive Electric Drift Measurements
Authors: Lejosne Solène , Mozer F. S.
Published: August 2017

We examine a characteristic feature of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, namely, the persistent and latitudinally narrow bands of rapid westward ion drifts called the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS). Despite countless works on SAPS, information relative to their durations is lacking. Here we report on the first statistical analysis of more than 200 near‐equatorial SAPS observations based on more than 2 years of Van Allen Probe electric drift measurements. First, we present results relative to SAPS radial locations and amplitudes. Then, we introduce two different ways to estimate SAPS durations. In both cases, SAPS activity is estimated to last for about 9 h on average. However, our estimates for SAPS duration are limited either by the relatively long orbital periods of the spacecraft or by the relatively small number of observations involved. Fifty percent of the events fit within the time interval [0;18] hours.
Low‐Energy (<200 eV) Electron Acceleration by ULF Waves in the Plasmaspheric Boundary Layer: Van Allen Probes Observation
Authors: Ren Jie , Zong Q.‐G. , Miyoshi Y. , Zhou X. Z. , Wang Y. F. , Rankin R. , Yue C. , Spence H. E. , Funsten H. O. , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A.
Published: August 2017

We report observational evidence of cold plasmaspheric electron (<200 eV) acceleration by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the plasmaspheric boundary layer on 10 September 2015. Strongly enhanced cold electron fluxes in the energy spectrogram were observed along with second harmonic mode waves with a period of about 1 min which lasted several hours during two consecutive Van Allen Probe B orbits. Cold electron (<200 eV) and energetic proton (10–20 keV) bidirectional pitch angle signatures observed during the event are suggestive of the drift‐bounce resonance mechanism. The correlation between enhanced energy fluxes and ULF waves leads to the conclusions that plasmaspheric dynamics is strongly affected by ULF waves. Van Allen Probe A and B, GOES 13, GOES 15, and MMS 1 observations suggest that ULF waves in the event were strongest on the duskside magnetosphere. Measurements from MMS 1 contain no evidence of an external wave source during the period when ULF waves and injected energetic protons with a bump‐on‐tail distribution were detected by Van Allen Probe B. This suggests that the observed ULF waves were probably excited by a localized drift‐bounce resonant instability, with the free energy supplied by substorm‐injected energetic protons. The observations by Van Allen Probe B suggest that energy transfer between particle species in different energy ranges can take place through the action of ULF waves, demonstrating the important role of these waves in the dynamical processes of the inner magnetosphere.
Moored observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the NWAtlantic: 2004–2014
Authors: Toole John M. , Andres Magdalena , Le Bras Isabela A. , Joyce Terrence M. , McCartney Michael S.
Published: August 2017

A moored array spanning the continental slope southeast of Cape Cod sampled the equatorward‐flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) for a 10 year period: May 2004 to May 2014. Daily profiles of subinertial velocity, temperature, salinity, and neutral density are constructed for each mooring site and cross‐line DWBC transport time series are derived for specified water mass layers. Time‐averaged transports based on daily estimates of the flow and density fields in Stream coordinates are contrasted with those derived from the Eulerian‐mean flow field, modes of DWBC transport variability are investigated through compositing, and comparisons are made to transport estimates for other latitudes. Integrating the daily velocity estimates over the neutral density range of 27.8–28.125 kg/m3 (encompassing Labrador Sea and Overflow Water layers), a mean equatorward DWBC transport of 22.8 × 106 ± 1.9 × 106 m3/s is obtained. Notably, a statistically significant trend of decreasing equatorward transport is observed in several of the DWBC components as well as the current as a whole. The largest linear change (a 4% decrease per year) is seen in the layer of Labrador Sea Water that was renewed by deep convection in the early 1990s whose transport fell from 9.0 × 106 m3/s at the beginning of the field program to 5.8 × 106 m3/s at its end. The corresponding linear fit to the combined Labrador Sea and Overflow Water DWBC transport decreases from 26.4 × 106 to 19.1 × 106 m3/s. In contrast, no long‐term trend is observed in upper ocean Slope Water transport. These trends are discussed in the context of decadal observations of the North Atlantic circulation, and subpolar air‐sea interaction/water mass transformation.
A review of nonstandardized applicators digitization in Nucletron™ HDR procedures
Authors: Wang Kelin , Ferenci Michele S. , de la Zerda Alberto , Padgett Kyle R. , Bossart Elizabeth L. , Chao Ming , Shao Hua , Zhang Mutain
Published: August 2017

The major errors in HDR procedures were failures to enter the correct treatment distance, which could be caused by either entering wrong transmission lengths or imprecisely digitizing the dwelling positions. Most of those errors were not easily avoidable by enhancing the HDR management level because they were caused by implementations of nonstandardized applicators utilizing transmission tubes of different lengths in standard HDR procedures. We performed this comprehensive study to include all possible situations with different nonstandardized applicators that frequently occurred in HDR procedures, provide corresponding situations with standard applicator as comparisons, list all possible errors and in planning, clarify the confusions in offsets setting, and provide mathematical and quantitative solutions for each given scenarios. Training on HDR procedures with nonstandardized applicators are normally not included in most residential program for medical physics, thus this study could be meaningful in both clinical and educational purpose. At precision of 1 mm, our study could be used as the essential and practical reference for finding the correct treatment length as well as locating the accurate dwelling positions in any HDR procedure with nonstandardized applicators.
Preparation and fabrication of a full‐scale, sagittal‐sliced, 3D‐printed, patient‐specific radiotherapy phantom
Authors: Craft Daniel F. , Howell Rebecca M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Patient‐specific 3D‐printed phantoms have many potential applications, both research and clinical. However, they have been limited in size and complexity because of the small size of most commercially available 3D printers as well as material warping concerns. We aimed to overcome these limitations by developing and testing an effective 3D printing workflow to fabricate a large patient‐specific radiotherapy phantom with minimal warping errors. In doing so, we produced a full‐scale phantom of a real postmastectomy patient.

Methods

We converted a patient's clinical CT DICOM data into a 3D model and then sliced the model into eleven 2.5‐cm‐thick sagittal slices. The slices were printed with a readily available thermoplastic material representing all body tissues at 100% infill, but with air cavities left open. Each slice was printed on an inexpensive and commercially available 3D printer. Once the printing was completed, the slices were placed together for imaging and verification. The original patient CT scan and the assembled phantom CT scan were registered together to assess overall accuracy.

Results

The materials for the completed phantom cost $524. The printed phantom agreed well with both its design and the actual patient. Individual slices differed from their designs by approximately 2%. Registered CT images of the assembled phantom and original patient showed excellent agreement.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional printing the patient‐specific phantom in sagittal slices allowed a large phantom to be fabricated with high accuracy. Our results demonstrate that our 3D printing workflow can be used to make large, accurate, patient‐specific phantoms at 100% infill with minimal material warping error.
The Dark Side of the MedPhys Match
Authors: Antolak John A. , Solberg Timothy D.
Published: August 2017

This article is related content to the article by Hendrickson et al: https://doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12135
Spatial Differences in Cellular and Molecular Responses as a Function of the Material Used in Conduit‐Mediated Repair and Autograft Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Daly William T. , Niemier Ryan , Dillon Simon T. , Wang Huan , Mirsky Rhona , Jessen Kristjan , Windebank Anthony , Pandit Abhay
Published: August 2017

The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries remains a major problem worldwide despite the availability of a number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved devices which fail to match the efficacy of autografts. Different strategies are used to improve regeneration and functional recovery using biomaterial nerve conduits. However, there is little investigation of the transcriptomic and proteomic changes which occur as a result of these interventions, particularly regarding transection injuries. This study explores differences between autograft‐mediated repair and conduit‐material‐mediated repair of peripheral nerve injuries to understand fundamental differences in their repair mechanisms at the proteomics level at the proximal, middle, and distal components in the early stages of repair. Pathway analysis demonstrates that each material selectively activates different regenerative pathways and alters different biological functions spatially throughout the biomaterial conduits. The analysis highlights some of the deficiencies in conduit‐mediated repair in comparison to autograft (e.g., recycling of myelin and cholesterol, reduction in reactive oxygen species, and higher expression of regenerative proteins). These findings thus suggest that by supplementing the expression of these proteins on the biomaterial of choice, this study can potentially attain regeneration equivalent to autograft. This approach paves the way for incorporating future biomaterial‐specific functionalities in nerve guidance conduits.
2D Arrangement of Polymer Microsphere Photonic Cavities Doped with Novel N‐Rich Carbon Quantum Dots Display Enhanced One‐ and Two‐Photon Luminescence Driven by Optical Resonances
Authors: Venkatakrishnarao Dasari , Sahoo Chakradhar , Vattikunta Radhika , Annadhasan Mari , Naraharisetty Sri Ram G. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: August 2017

Luminescent carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as a potential eco‐friendly alternative to standard metal‐based semiconductor quantum dots. A solvatothermal method to prepare crystalline, nitrogen‐rich, surface‐passivated, and rare excitation wavelength‐independent green‐emitting (λmax ≈ 522 nm in solution and 536 nm in solid) CDs from a pyridine diamine precursor in ethanol solvent is reported here. In comparison to a neat thin film of CDs, a film of CD‐doped polystyrene microspheres (PS‐CDs) displays a remarkable enhancement of the photoluminescence emission intensity driven by optical cavity effect of the composite microspheres. Apart from downconversion one‐photon luminescence, upon excitation with 800 nm femtosecond pulse laser, pure CDs and PS‐CDs exhibit enhanced upconversion two‐photon luminescence in the range of about 410–580 nm.
A New Colorimetric Sensor for Cysteine Determination Based on Dual Reacting‐mediated Strategy
Authors: Rao Honghong , Li Ying , Zhang Guoliang , Xue Zhonghua , Zhao Guohu , Li Shengyin , Du Xinzhen
Published: August 2017

Rapid and simple determination of cysteine is a key requirement for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. A novel concept is proposed for combining dual reacting‐mediated process into the construction of a simple yet effective colorimetric strategy for cysteine detecting, which is based on the analyte‐induced formation of ferrous ion and graphene oxide‐supported ionic recognition through selective coordination process between phenanthroline molecule and ferrous ion. In colorimetric analysis, the simple principle of ferrous ion that cysteine‐induced can be recognized by phenanthroline indicator due to their good binding affinity and therefore provided a sensitive optical readout for conveniently detecting cysteine. Proof‐concept experiments demonstrate that the proposed colorimetric system shows rapid response toward cysteine determination as well as with a satisfying detection limit of 4.8 μM only by using simple UV–Vis spectroscopy and 15 μM with the naked eye.
Commentary on Community Mental Health and the Common Good
Authors: Arrigo Bruce , Davidson Larry
Published: August 2017

This article comments on the core question addressed by this Special Issue: “What's good about public sector mental health?” Theoretical, empirical, and programmatic insights derived from the Issue's six article contributions guide the overall commentary. Several points of thematic overlap are featured in these preliminary observations, and these themes are suggestive for directing future research (e.g., citizenship studies) in the field of community mental health. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic co‐culture devices to assess penetration of nanoparticles into cancer cell mass
Authors: Jarvis Maria , Arnold Michael , Ott Jenna , Pant Kapil , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Mitragotri Samir
Published: August 2017

In vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and efficacy are the essential first steps in developing nanoparticle‐based therapeutic systems. However, it is often challenging to use the knowledge gained from in vitro studies to predict the outcome of in vivo studies since the complexity of the in vivo environment, including the existence of flow and a multicellular environment, is often lacking in traditional in vitro models. Here, we describe a microfluidic co‐culture model comprising 4T1 breast cancer cells and EA.hy926 endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions and its utilization to assess the penetration of therapeutic nanoparticles from the vascular compartment into a cancerous cell mass. Camptothecin nanocrystals (∼310 nm in length), surface‐functionalized with PEG or folic acid, were used as a test nanocarrier. Camptothecin nanocrystals exhibited only superficial penetration into the cancerous cell mass under fluidic conditions, but exhibited cytotoxicity throughout the cancerous cell mass. This likely suggests that superficially penetrated nanocrystals dissolve at the periphery and lead to diffusion of molecular camptothecin deep into the cancerous cell mass. The results indicate the potential of microfluidic co‐culture devices to assess nanoparticle‐cancerous cell interactions, which are otherwise difficult to study using standard in vitro cultures.