bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COLLUSION IN PRIVATE PROCUREMENT: HOW DOES MANDATORY BUILDING REPAIR INCREASE RENOVATION PRICES?
Authors: LEUNG TIN CHEUK , TSANG KWOK PING , TSUI KEVIN K.
Published: May 2022

This paper studies a regulatory change that significantly increases the prices of residential building renovation. In Hong Kong, where most people live in high-density condominiums, owners’ corporation arranges tender process to choose contractors on behalf of all homeowners when common areas of a building need maintenance and repair. Since 2012, the government has mandated selected buildings to finish such renovations within a year. Using propensity score matching method, we find that homeowners who received statutory notices to repair their building paid 40% more in bid price compared with those who did it voluntarily. After the mandatory scheme was introduced, all homeowners on average paid 40% more, and those who received the notices paid even higher prices. Moreover, these increases in prices are more pronounced in districts where condominiums are more expensive and residents are more educated. Finally, the major contractors’ bids became more correlated after the introduction of the mandatory scheme, suggesting that the scheme may have helped promote bid-rigging and corruption among contractors and owners’ corporations.
A_CenterNet: Object as a Point by Attention
Authors: Shi Xianrang , Su Yang , Ti Yan , Song Tinglun
Published: May 2022

In this paper, in view of the insufficiency of the CenterNet detector’s inability to achieve high real-time performance with high accuracy when performing object detection, we designed a new detector called A_CenterNet. In the detector, we use our newly designed lightweight Hourglass-256 model, and we also use the feature map fusion method we designed, as well as our improved attention mechanism. Through the experimental results on multiple datasets, it can be known that the A_CenterNet proposed in this paper has a competitive advantage compared with some existing classic detectors. A_CenterNet achieves the best speed-accuracy trade-off on the MS COCO dataset, with 44.6 AP at 36 FPS. Compared with CenterNet, A_CenterNet greatly improves the detection speed without loss of detection accuracy.
A Multiserver Configuration and Request Distribution Framework for Profit Maximization in a Three-Tier Cloud Service Architecture
Authors: Wang Tian , Zhang Mingyue , Shen Wei , Xu Linli , Zhang Gongxuan
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of cloud computing has generated numerous cloud service providers. In a three-tier cloud service architecture, maximizing the cloud service profit is not only a goal pursued by cloud service providers but also a potent force that drives the continuous development of cloud computing technology. The traditional methods of maximizing cloud service profits are either limited to cloud resource management or service request distribution. Few work contributes to maximizing the profit of cloud service providers while considering both resource management and request distribution. Besides, the heterogeneity of servers is also an important concern when configuring the multiserver system. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiserver configuration and request distribution framework oriented to a three-tier cloud service architecture for maximizing the profit of cloud service providers. Compared with the benchmark method, extensive numerical simulation experiments show that our proposed framework can not only maximize the profit of cloud service providers, but also has a well-time efficiency.
Super jeu de taquin and combinatorics of super tableaux of type A
Authors: Hage Nohra
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a combinatorial study of the super plactic monoid of type A, which is related to the representations of the general linear Lie superalgebra. We introduce the analogue of the Schützenberger’s jeu de taquin on the structure of super tableaux over a signed alphabet. We show that this procedure which transforms super skew tableaux into super Young tableaux is compatible with the super plactic congruence and it is confluent. We deduce properties relating the super jeu de taquin to insertion algorithms on super tableaux. Moreover, we introduce the super evacuation procedure as an involution on super tableaux and we show its compatibility with the super plactic congruence. Finally, we describe the super jeu de taquin in terms of Fomin’s growth diagrams in order to give a combinatorial version of the super Littlewood–Richardson rule.
The third cohomology group of a monoid and admissible abstract kernels
Authors: Martins-Ferreira Nelson , Montoli Andrea , Patchkoria Alex , Sobral Manuela
Published: May 2022

We define the product of admissible abstract kernels of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a monoid, [Formula: see text] is a group and [Formula: see text] is a monoid homomorphism. Identifying [Formula: see text]-equivalent abstract kernels, where [Formula: see text] is the center of [Formula: see text], we obtain that the set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-equivalence classes of admissible abstract kernels inducing the same action of [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is a commutative monoid. Considering the submonoid [Formula: see text] of abstract kernels that are induced by special Schreier extensions, we prove that the factor monoid [Formula: see text] is an abelian group. Moreover, we show that this abelian group is isomorphic to the third cohomology group [Formula: see text].
Design and Implementation of Earthquake Information Publishing System Based on Mobile Computing and Machine Learning Technology in GIS
Authors: Zhai Hui , Wang Yi
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a semi-automatic method of geographic information linking based on spatial relationships, entity names, entity categories and other features, combined with semantic and machine learning methods. First, we extracted geographic information from three geographic information sources: Open Street Map, Wikimapia, and Google places. The extracted geographic information is mainly for urban buildings in different regions. Secondly, we analyzed and extracted the characteristics of geographic information data to construct a geographic information ontology, and realized the integration of geographic data through the mapping of geographic information source data and geographic information ontology. Finally, the linking method of fusion classification algorithm support vector machine and K-nearest neighbor method are discussed separately. At the same time, it is compared with the linking method proposed by Samal et al. to comprehensively verify the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper from multiple angles, laying a good foundation for seismic information integration.
Development and Use of Domain-specific Learning Theories, Models, and Instruments in Computing Education
Authors: Malmi Lauri , Sheard Judy , Kinnunen Päivi , Simon  , Sinclair Jane
Published: May 2022

Use of theory within a field of research provides the foundation for designing effective research programs and establishing a deeper understanding of the results obtained. This, together with the emergence of domain-specific theory, is often taken as an indicator of the maturity of any research area. This article explores the development and subsequent usage of domain-specific theories and theoretical constructs (TCs) in computing education research (CER). All TCs found in 878 papers published in three major CER publication venues over the period 2005–2020 were identified and assessed to determine the nature and purpose of the constructs found. We focused more closely on areas related to learning, studying, and progression, where our analysis found 80 new TCs that had been developed, based on multiple epistemological perspectives. Several existing frameworks were used to categorize the areas of CER focus in which TCs were found, the methodology by which they were developed, and the nature and purpose of the TCs. A citation analysis was undertaken, with 1,727 citing papers accessed to determine to what extent and in what ways TCs had been used and developed to inform subsequent work, also considering whether these aspects vary according to different focus areas within computing education. We noted which TCs were used most often and least often, and we present several brief case studies that demonstrate progressive development of domain-specific theory. The exploration provides insights into trends in theory development and suggests areas in which further work might be called for. Our findings indicate a general interest in the development of TCs during the period studied, and we show examples of how different approaches to theory development have been used. We present a framework suggesting how strategies for developing new TCs in CER might be structured and discuss the nature of theory development in relation to the field of CER.
What Can a Robot’s Skin Be? Designing Texture-changing Skin for Human–Robot Social Interaction
Authors: Hu Yuhan , Hoffman Guy
Published: May 2022

Biological skin has numerous functions like protection, sensing, expression, and regulation. On the contrary, a robot’s skin is usually regarded as a passive and static separation between the body and environment. In this article, we explore the design opportunities of a robot’s skin as a socially expressive medium. Inspired by living organisms, we discuss the roles of interactive robotic skin from four perspectives: expression, perception, regulation, and mechanical action. We focus on the expressive function of skin to sketch design concepts and present a flexible technical method for embodiment. The proposed method integrates pneumatically actuated dynamic textures on soft skin, with forms and kinematic patterns generating a variety of visual and haptic expressions. We demonstrate the proposed design space with six texture-changing skin prototypes and discuss their expressive capacities.
Implementation of Cloud Computing Protocol in E-Learning for Future Wireless Systems
Authors: Hou Li , Liu Qi , Nebhen Jamel , Uddin Mueen , Chaudhary Atika
Published: May 2022

Schooling system is rapidly shifting according to time. The 4G and 5G machineries are engineered to work flawlessly in heterogeneous platforms unlike 2G, 3G, and 4G wireless networks. New educational techniques are introduced for different environmental needs and E-learning, which is getting popular around the world, and wireless networking plays the vital role in it. E-learning is the requirement of every educational institute. There are a number of problems in the existing prototypes which need to be addressed and improved. This study provides the prototype for E-learning to make the higher education system more efficient. Especially, for the students who need distance learning and an online learning system, this research proposes a user-friendly cloud network infrastructure environment. Machine learning and cloud have strong relation in cloud computing; we store big amount of customer data but to analyze the data and create chatbots, we need machine learning algorithms. We need to enhance the existing prototype for the betterment of the higher education system in rural areas such a time of this COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the existing prototype is critically examined. To achieve this factor why and how E-learning is familiar to the students of rural areas in developing countries, it was analyzed, as the method of education using a platform and interpreting the results. The researcher tried to discover the reason why E-learning is not being applied in higher education. Furthermore, attempts were made to change the existing model by adding the component “Cloud-based structure” that complements and fits the environment of the education system and benefits the long-term sustainability of higher education.
Common Fixed Point Results via Set‐Valued Generalized Weak Contraction with Directed Graph and Its Application
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad , Shah Kamal , Mlaiki Nabil
Published: May 2022

In this manuscript, common fixed point results for set‐valued mapping under generalized (ψ, ϕ)1 and (ψ, ϕ)2 weak contraction without using Hausdorff metric are studied endowing with a graph. To demonstrate the authenticity of the established result, a suitable example and application to integral inclusion are also discussed.
Improved GCN Framework for Human Motion Recognition
Authors: Zhou Fen , Tu Xuping , Wang Qingdong , Jiang Guosong
Published: May 2022

Human recognition models based on spatial-temporal graph convolutional neural networks have been gradually developed, and we present an improved spatial-temporal graph convolutional neural network to solve the problems of the high number of parameters and low accuracy of this type of model. The method mainly draws on the inception structure. First, the tensor rotation is added to the graph convolution layer to realize the conversion between graph node dimension and channel dimension and enhance the model’s ability to capture global information for small-scale tasks. Then the inception temporal convolution layer is added to build a multiscale temporal convolution filter to perceive temporal information under different time domains hierarchically from 4-time dimensions. It overcomes the shortcomings of temporal graph convolutional networks in the field of joint relevance of hidden layers and compensates for the information omission of small-scale graph tasks. It also limits the volume of parameters, decreases the arithmetic power, and speeds up the computation. In our experiments, we verify our model on the public dataset NTU RGB + D. Our method reduces the number of the model parameters by 50% and achieves an accuracy of 90% in the CS evaluation system and 94% in the CV evaluation system. The results show that our method not only has high recognition accuracy and good robustness in human behavior recognition applications but also has a small number of model parameters, which can effectively reduce the computational cost.
Evaluation Index System of Economic and Social Development Pilot Area Based on Spatial Network Structure Analysis
Authors: Tu Jing
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the evaluation effect of the economic and social development pioneer area, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of the economic and social development pioneer area based on the spatial network structure analysis method and obtains an intelligent analysis system. Moreover, from the perspective of economic development information flow, this paper uses information flow direction analysis method and advantage flow analysis method to discuss the structural characteristics of urban economic development network in the economic belt, providing new methods and perspectives for the study of urban economic development flow. In addition, this paper attempts to propose a universal method for quantitative research on the “flow space” structure of urban economic development as the forward-looking content of urban economic development. According to the simulation test results, it can be seen that the evaluation index system of the economic and social development pilot area based on the analysis of the spatial network structure proposed in this paper has a good effect.
The Biomechanics Effect of Hamstring Flexibility on the Risk of Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Ren Weiyan , Duan Yijie , Yao Jie , Pu Fang
Published: May 2022

Background. The relationship between hamstring flexibility and the risk of OSD continues to be a debate, and whether hamstring stretching exercises should be considered as one of the conservative treatments of OSD is still unclear. Objectives. To investigate the relationship between hamstring flexibility and the risk of OSD by assessing the changes of loading on the tibial tuberosity caused by the changes of hamstring optimal lengths. Methods. Experimental data of a young adult running at 4 m/s were used, which were collected by an eight-camera motion capture system together with an instrumented treadmill. Muscle forces were estimated in OpenSim when hamstring optimal lengths changed in the range of 70–130% of the control case in 5% increments. The force and accumulated force of quadriceps muscle were calculated to evaluate the impact of hamstring optimal lengths on the loading on tibial tuberosity. The changes in muscle forces throughout the gait cycle were compared by using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The average peak force and accumulated force of five gait cycles were compared. Results. Although the maximum force of the quadriceps muscle was slightly affected by changes in hamstring optimal lengths, the accumulated force of quadriceps muscle increased by 21.97% with hamstring optimal lengths decreased by 30% of the control case. The increase of the muscle force mainly occurred in the early stance phase and terminal swing phase (

P
<
0.05

). However, when hamstring optimal lengths were longer than the control, it had a little effect on accumulated force of quadriceps muscle. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that a shorter hamstring optimal length, which means lack of flexibility, can cause a high accumulated force on tibial tuberosity, thus increasing the risk of OSD. Hamstring stretching exercise is only effective for people with lack of hamstring flexibility.
Mathematical Model Construction of Network Computer Test Automation System for College English Teaching
Authors: Sun Wenjuan , Han Ping , Pei Shaohua
Published: May 2022

Networked education represents a development direction of educational reform, has become a feature of modern education, and has formed a new impetus to the development of education. The change from paper-and-pencil examinations to computer network-based machine examinations is not only a reform of the content and form of the University English Level 4 and 6 examinations, but also a reflection of the reform of the comprehensive assessment system and teaching philosophy of University English teaching. Promoting the development and construction of online college English examination systems in universities, applying machine examinations to various types of tests and formal examinations for college English teaching, and updating the college English question bank through continuous accumulation of professional teachers will have very high research value and practical value in improving the quality of examinations and promoting the standardization of college English examinations. In order to show the individualized chemistry report simultaneously, it is necessary to further ask relevant subject experts, educational measurement experts, and front-line teachers to expand the question attributes; that is, the question attributes extend to module specific knowledge points, cognitive levels, and information literacy ability levels, while most of the pages are combined with Ajax technology to reduce hardware resource dependency and optimize software performance. The paper analyzes the requirements analysis and overall design of the online college English examination system, including the design objectives, design principles, functional design, core algorithm design, architecture design, database design, and security design. The main functions of the online college English examination system, such as personal information management, question bank information management, test paper grouping management, online examination management, paper marking management, and system setting management, are discussed in detail. The main functions of the system, such as personal information management, question bank information management, test paper grouping management, online test management, mark and approve management, and system setting management, are discussed in detail, and the performance test and some function test of the system are also briefly discussed. The whole research process involves the identification of test questions and their attributes in the construction of the question bank, the construction of the adaptive test system, the comprehensive analysis of the mock test results, and the thinking about the application of the high school adaptive academic level test.
Market Risk Early Warning Based on Deep Learning and Fruit Fly Optimization
Authors: Chen Liang , Ma Rui
Published: May 2022

To improve the ability of market to avoid and prevent credit risk and strengthen the awareness of market risk early warning, SMOTE is used to process the unbalanced sample, and fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is utilized to optimize the parameters of support vector machine (SVM), and thus an improved SVM market risk early warning model is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed model has excellent stability and generalization ability, and it can predict market credit risk accurately. Compared with the prediction model based on FOA-SMOTE-BP and FOA-SMOTE-Logit, the proposed model performs better on the indicators of G value, F value, and AUC value, which provides a reference for market credit risk prediction.
Variable λ‐Central Morrey Space Estimates for the Fractional Hardy Operators and Commutators
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Asim Muhammad , Jarad Fahd
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to show that the fractional Hardy operator and its adjoint operator are bounded on central Morrey space with variable exponent. Similar results for their commutators are obtained when the symbol functions belong to λ‐central bounded mean oscillation (λ‐central BMO) space with variable exponent.
Intelligent Decision-Making Model of Enterprise Management Based on Random Forest Algorithm
Authors: Huang Zhecheng
Published: May 2022

With the sustained and rapid development of China’s economy, the business environment of enterprises is becoming more and more complicated. Coupled with the increasing international competitive pressure of enterprises, the management of enterprises needs more attention. The emergence of DSS provides an opportunity for enterprise management intelligent decision-making. Based on the in-depth study of RF algorithm, this paper proposes a new intelligent decision-making model for enterprise management, aiming at the shortcomings of traditional decision-making systems. In this paper, the decision-making process of the system for decision support is given. Through the quantification and evaluation of various data by subsystems, the best decision-making scheme with strong operability is provided for enterprises. And this model can effectively solve the problem of heterogeneity, duplication and clutter of data in traditional database, and avoid the loss of historical data. Through simulation, the accuracy of this system can reach 96%, which is about 17% higher than other systems. It has certain practicability and feasibility. It is hoped that the research in this paper will play an important role and service support for enterprise intelligent decision-making and further promote the development of intelligent enterprise management decision-making system in China.
Effect of Different Anesthesia and Puncture Methods of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty on More Than 90-Year-Old Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: Advantages of the ERAS Concept
Authors: Liu Hao , Deng Lei , Zhang Jun-xin , Zhou Quan , Qian Zhong-lai , Fan Chun-yang , Chen Kang-wu , Yang Hui-lin
Published: May 2022

Background. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is an effective minimally invasive technique for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) in recent years. This study focuses on the analysis of PKP surgery and anesthesia in osteoporotic vertebral facture patients over 90 years old with the concept of “enhanced recovery after surgery.” Methods. This study reviewed 239 patients who were diagnosed with OVF retrospectively between October 2015 and June 2019. According to the method of anesthesia, these patients were divided into Group A (n = 125) and Group B (n = 114). According to the pedicle puncture approach, these patients were divided into Group C (n = 102) and Group D (n = 137). The anterior vertebral height (AVH) and local kyphosis angle (LKA) were used to evaluate the degree of vertebral damage and restoration. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were used for assessing functional outcomes. Some parameters were used to assess the perioperative conditions such as operation time, amount of bone cement perfusion, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, anesthesia recovery time, time out of the bed, hospital stay, hospitalization cost, and complications. Results. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), anterior vertebral height (AVH), and local kyphosis angle (LKA) 1 day, 1 year after surgery, and at the last follow-up all showed significant improvement (

P
<
0.05

) in comparison with those before surgery both in Groups A and B and Groups C and D. The ODI 1 day after surgery was significantly better in Group B than Group A (

P
<
0.05

). Compared with Group B, Group A required longer time of anesthesia, operation time, anesthesia recovery time, time to get out of bed, and length of hospital stay and more hospitalization costs (

P
<
0.05

). Group D required longer operation time, longer time to get out of bed, more bone cement volume, fluoroscopy time, and more operation hospitalization costs compared with Group C (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. We recommend unilateral puncture under local anesthesia for OVF in the patients aged over 90 from the perspective of rapid recovery.
Machine Leaning-Based Optimization Algorithm for Myocardial Injury under High-Intensity Exercise in Track and Field Athletes
Authors: Li Guanguan
Published: May 2022

In order to train at high-intensity, athletics can again cause varying degrees of myocardial damage. Evaluating the balance between exercise myocardial injury and exercise intensity should actively prevent myocardial injury caused by high-intensity athletic training. In this paper, an intelligent optimization algorithm is used to investigate the degree of myocardial injury. The basic idea is to define the measured data and the output of the numerical model as an objective function of the structural parameters, to obtain the structural parameters by finding ways to continuously optimize the objective function to be close to the observed values, and to identify the injury based on the changes in these parameters before and after myocardial injury. The objective function can be defined in various ways, and the myocardial injury optimization algorithm can be chosen. In order to obtain the best computational results, numerical simulations of damage identification are performed using the objective function and three machine learning-based optimization algorithms. The computational results show that the combination of the objective function and the machine learning algorithms provides good accuracy and computational speed in identifying myocardial injury.
Novel Concepts in Vague Graphs with Application in Hospital’s Management System
Authors: Shi Xiaolong , Kosari Saeed , Mehdipoor N. , Talebi A.A. , Muhiuddin G.
Published: May 2022

Many problems of practical interest can be modeled and solved by using vague graph (VG) algorithms. Vague graphs, belonging to the fuzzy graphs (FGs) family, have good capabilities when faced with problems that cannot be expressed by FGs. Hence, in this paper, we introduce the notion of (η, γ)‐ HMs of VGs and classify homomorphisms (HMs), weak isomorphisms (WIs), and coweak isomorphisms (CWIs) of VGs by (η, γ)‐ HMs. Hospitals are very important organizations whose existence is directly related to the general health of the community. Hence, since the management in each ward of the hospital is very important, we have tried to determine the most effective person in a hospital based on the performance of its staff.
An Effective Path Planning of Intelligent Mobile Robot Using Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Zhongzhe , Xiao Jianzhang , Wang Guifeng
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of the robotics industry, the problem of effective and fast path planning for intelligent mobile robots has always been one of the hot spots in the field of robotics research. Intelligent mobile robot path planning is divided into global path planning and local path planning, and its mathematical modeling and adaptive algorithms are different. Therefore, the research of robot path planning based on improved genetic algorithm is of great significance. This paper mainly studies the robot path planning problem based on improved genetic algorithm. Based on the research of the basic genetic algorithm, the improved genetic algorithm is applied to the mobile four-wheel robot to guide the four-wheel robot to complete path planning and other related tasks. Experiments show that the optimization probability and convergence speed of the genetic algorithm can be improved by improving the genetic algorithm. Studies have shown that evolutionary algebra and population size are inversely proportional to the optimal path length, so it is directly proportional to the search ability. However, as the evolutionary algebra and population size increase, the amount of calculation is also increasing, and the calculation time increases. Comprehensive considerations according to various factors, the best value of population size is 60, the best value of mutation probability is 0.09, the best value of crossover probability is 0.8, and the best value of evolutionary algebra is 150 generations.
Protocadherin B9 Is Associated with Tumorigenesis and Cancer Progression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Asai Ryuichi , Taniyama Daiki , Oue Naohide , Yamamoto Yuji , Akabane Shintaro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Ohdan Hideki , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Yasui Wataru
Published: May 2022

Background: Genes encoding transmembrane proteins expressed specifically in cancer cells may be ideal therapeutic targets or biomarkers for diagnosis. Methods: In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of PCDHB9, which encodes transmembrane protein protocadherin B9 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Results: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 39 (26%) of 148 CRC cases were positive for protocadherin B9. Expression of protocadherin B9 correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and T classification and was weakly detected in adenomas by immunohistochemistry. Although PCDHB9 knockdown did not change cell growth and invasion activity in CRC cell lines, cell adhesion to fibronectin was signiﬁcantly reduced by PCDHB9 knockdown. Expressions of ITGA3, ITGA4, ITGA5, ITGB1, and ITGB6 were significantly reduced by PCDHB9 knockdown. In addition, the number of spheres was significantly decreased by PCDHB9 knockdown. Conclusion: These results suggest that protocadherin B9 might be associated with colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer progression in CRC.
Aurora Kinase A Is an Independent Predictor of Invasive Recurrence in Breast Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Authors: Miligy Islam M. , Toss Michael S. , Gorringe Kylie L. , Ellis Ian O. , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Aurora Kinase A (AURKA/STK15) has a role in centrosome duplication and is a regulator of mitotic cell proliferation. It is over-expressed in breast cancer and other cancers, however; its role in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) remains to be defined. This study aims to characterize AURKA protein expression in DCIS and evaluate its prognostic significance. Methods: AURKA was assessed immunohistochemically in a large well-characterized cohort of DCIS (n = 776 pure DCIS and 239 DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer [DCIS-mixed]) with long-term follow-up data (median = 105 months) and basic molecular characterization. Results: High AURKA expression was observed in 15% of DCIS cases and was associated with features of aggressiveness including larger tumour size, high nuclear grade, hormone receptor negativity, HER2 positivity, and high Ki67 proliferation index. AURKA expression was higher in DCIS associated with invasive breast cancer than in pure DCIS (p < 0.0001). In the DCIS-mixed cohort, the invasive component showed higher AURKA expression than the DCIS component (p < 0.0001). Outcome analysis revealed that AURKA was a predictor of invasive recurrence (p = 0.002). Conclusion: High AURKA expression is associated with poor prognosis in DCIS and might be a potential marker to predict DCIS progression to invasive disease.
Acquired Perforating Disorder: A Case with Multiple Underlying Diseases
Authors: Sari Agnes Rosarina Prita , Puspitasari Monika , Soebono Hardyanto , Trisnowati Niken
Published: May 2022

A 51-year-old man came to the dermatology and venereology outpatient clinic with the complaint of multiple itchy lumps on his body. The patient had a previous history of hemodialysis due to end-stage renal disease. He also had a previous history of hepatitis B, an abnormal liver function test, and high blood sugar. Histopathological examination with Masson’s trichrome revealed that the patient had extrusion collagen in the epidermis which had invagination. Acquired perforating disorder is frequently misdiagnosed as other skin diseases, thus this condition is underdiagnosed. In addition, underlying diseases frequently associated with acquired perforating collagenosis are chronic kidney disease, hepatic insufficiency, and diabetes mellitus. The patient in this case had all 3 conditions. Further investigation is needed to determine whether acquired perforating disorder with multiple underlying diseases will have similar severity with single underlying disease.
Recent Advances in Immune-Based Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Smigoc Schweiger Darja
Published: May 2022

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, leading to a lifelong dependence on insulin. It is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality from diabetes-related complications and a significant treatment burden. However, there has been substantial progress in therapeutic strategies that can affect the course of the disease. Summary: This review addresses advances in immunotherapy aimed at preserving residual beta-cell function in individuals with a recent onset of T1D and arresting the disease in pre-symptomatic stages. Recent and ongoing clinical trials have investigated the efficacy and safety of various immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at targeting several mechanisms of autoimmunity, which are thought to be important in disease pathogenesis, and therapies that also address beta-cell health. So far, T-cell-directed therapies that led to a favourable balance between T-effector cell depletion or modulation and preservation or expansion of regulatory T cells have shown the most success. Furthermore, regarding the timing of intervention, teplizumab was the first immunomodulatory agent to demonstrate a significant delay in disease progression in high-risk individuals before clinical onset. Key Messages: As more targeted immune interventions with potentially fewer side effects are closer to the translation into clinical practice, some new challenges may need to be addressed. The use of combination approaches that include immunotherapeutic strategies targeting different aspects of the immune system and interventions that improve beta-cell health may be required, along with the use of individualized patient-tailored approaches, a move towards early intervention, and a focus on patient-reported outcome measures.
Video Capsule Endoscopy after Bariatric Surgery: A Tertiary Referral Center Experience
Authors: Peleg Noam , Yanai Henit , Gingold-Belfer Rachel , Dotan Iris , Avni-Biron Irit
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Minimal data are available regarding the performance of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. We aimed to report indications, feasibility, and safety of VCE performed after bariatric surgery, specifically focusing on diagnosis rates of Crohn’s disease (CD) in this population. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all VCE procedures was performed between January 2015 and December 2019. All patients who underwent bariatric surgery prior to VCE were included. Indication for VCE, ingestion methods, completion rates, retention rates, and endoscopic findings were recorded. Results: A total of 1,255 patients underwent VCE examination during the study period, of which 31 (2.5%) underwent bariatric surgery prior to VCE. The most common bariatric surgery was laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (16 patients, 51.6%), and the most common indication for VCE was evaluation of iron deficiency anemia (14 patients, 45.1%). The majority of patients ingested the capsule independently, without endoscopic assistance (20, 64.5%). Although a patency capsule was not used in our cohort, no events of capsule retention were documented. Mean transit time was 4.32 h. Only 4 events of incomplete examination were recorded. Over a median follow-up of 27.5 months (IQR 13.0–34.2), 10 patients (31.2%) had a final diagnosis of CD with a median Lewis score of 225 (IQR 135–900). Conclusion: VCE is a feasible and safe procedure after bariatric surgery. Oral ingestion does not carry risk of retention. It is an effective means of diagnosis of small-bowel CD in this population.
Autonomia do fazer : crítica sobre a obrigatoriedade da formação universitária para o acesso ao trabalho em arquitetura no Brasil
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros, Santos Conrado Vivacqua Raymundo dos
Published: May 2022

A recepção ambivalente de José Zanine Caldas, arquiteto sem formação universitária e referenciado como autodidata pelo meio profissional da arquitetura brasileira entre o auge de sua produção arquitetônica, nos anos 1970, e seu falecimento, no início dos anos 2000, abre caminho, neste volume, para investigar a relação entre trabalho e ensino de arquitetura no Brasil, permitindo colocar em questão a obrigatoriedade do diploma universitário como recurso único de acesso ao trabalho em arquitetura no país. Com uma trajetória de vida e trabalho marcada pela defesa ecológica e pela aproximação com povos e culturas ameaçados pelo processo de massificação da grande indústria, em que se destaca a cultura do fazer ancorada no trabalho manual, Zanine orienta reflexão teórica sobre modelos de produção de conhecimentos organizados pela autonomia expressa por meio de saberes adquiridos pela experiência do fazer prático, trazendo aproximações com temas abordados por autores da ecologia política, como Ivan Illich e André Gorz, sobre ensino emancipado e arquitetura.
Stroke of Other Determined Etiology: Results From the Nationwide Multicenter Stroke Registry
Authors: Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Joon-Tae , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Beom Joon , Kang Jihoon , Lee Keon-Joo , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Park Hong-Kyun , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Shin Dong-Ick , Yum Kyu Sun , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Sang-Hwa , Park Man-Seok , Choi Kang-Ho , Lee Juneyoung , Bae Hee-Joon
Published: May 2022

Background:

Stroke of other determined etiology (OE) includes patients with an uncommon cause of stroke. We described the general characteristics, management, and outcomes of stroke in OE and its subgroups.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter, nationwide registry, the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry. We classified OE strokes into 10 subgroups according to the literature and their properties. Each OE subgroup was compared according to clinical characteristics, sex, age strata, lesion locations, and management. Moreover, 1-year composites of stroke and all-cause mortality were investigated according to the OE subgroups.

Results:

In total, 2119 patients with ischemic stroke with OE types (mean age, 55.6±16.2 years; male, 58%) were analyzed. In the Clinical Research Center for Stroke-Korea-National Institutes of Health registry, patients with OE accounted for 2.8% of all patients with stroke. The most common subtypes were arterial dissection (39.1%), cancer-related coagulopathy (17.3%), and intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall (16.7%). Overall, strokes of OE were more common in men than in women (58% versus 42%). Arterial dissection, intrinsic diseases of the arterial wall and stroke associated with migraine and drugs were more likely to occur at a young age, while disorders of platelets and the hemostatic system, cancer-related coagulopathy, infectious diseases, and hypoperfusion syndromes were more frequent at an old age. The composite of stroke and all-cause mortality within 1 year most frequently occurred in cancer-related coagulopathy, with an event rate of 71.8%, but least frequently occurred in stroke associated with migraine and drugs and arterial dissection, with event rates of 0% and 7.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study presents the different characteristics, demographic findings, lesion locations, and outcomes of OE and its subtypes. It is characterized by a high proportion of arterial dissection, high mortality risk in cancer-related coagulopathy and an increasing annual frequency of cancer-related coagulopathy in patients with stroke of OE.
Emergence of Venous Stenosis as the Dominant Cause of Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Raz Eytan , Nossek Erez , Jethanamest Daniel , Narayan Vinayak , Ali Aryan , Sharashidze Vera , Becske Tibor , Nelson Peter K. , Shapiro Maksim
Published: May 2022

Background

The role of arteriovenous shunts such as dural fistulas, arterial steno‐occlusive states, anatomic variants, and hypervascular tumors in the genesis of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) has long been recognized. On the venous side, diverticula, high‐riding jugular bulb, and sinus wall dehiscence have also been implicated. However, the overall most common cause—venous sinus stenosis (VSS)—continues to be underrecognized. Its clinical importance, separate from venous stenosis association with intracranial hypertension, also requires emphasis.

Methods

A retrospective review of the last consecutive 208 cases of PT seen at our institution was performed and cause determined, when possible, based on clinical and radiographic data.

Results

VSS was the common cause of PT (34% of overall cohort). Over 90% are women. Typical clinical presentation was a unilateral whoosh‐like sound in sync with heartbeat that could be completely or nearly completely abolished by ipsilateral jugular compression. This clinical scenario virtually guaranteed the presence of VSS, with very high sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values. About two thirds of patients with VSS also harbored other venous anatomic variations such as a high‐riding jugular bulb or sinus diverticulum, that should not be misinterpreted as the primary cause of PT. Most did not have signs or symptoms of intracranial hypertension, even though cerebrospinal fluid and venous pressures are frequently elevated.

Conclusions

VSS appears to be the most common identifiable cause of PT. Judicious attention to this finding can be immensely helpful in prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Investigation of Current and Super‐Bore 088″ Treatment Strategies of Soft and Stiff Clots at Internal Carotid Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Sites in an In Vitro Thrombectomy Model
Authors: Nogueira Raul G. , Thornton John , Connolly Kevin , Mullins Liam , Fitzgerald Seán
Published: May 2022

Background

Various mechanical thrombectomy devices including stent retrievers (STRs), contact aspiration (CA) catheters, and balloon guide catheters (BGCs) are used in both isolation and combination for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. A new generation of Super‐Bore 088″ aspiration catheters are being trialed clinically. We evaluated the in vitro revascularization performance of current and novel thrombectomy approaches in treating soft (red blood cell–rich) and stiff (fibrin/platelet‐rich) clots at internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion sites.

Methods

National University of Ireland Galway Research Ethics Committee approved the study. Two human blood clot phenotypes were used to form ICA‐terminus (20‐mm) and MCA–M1 segment (10‐mm) occlusions in an in vitro thrombectomy model. Thrombectomy setups tested were
CA:
Millipede 088, SOFIA Plus+conventional guide catheter, SOFIA Plus+BGC and
C
ombination;
Millipede 088+STR, SOFIA Plus+BGC+STR, SOFIA Plus+conventional guide catheter+STR. Ten replicates of each experiment were performed totaling 120 tests. Revascularization endpoints were first‐pass effect, final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 2c/3, and procedural‐related distal emboli.

Results

Millipede 088 CA achieved the highest first‐pass effect rate in ICA‐terminus (60%) and MCA–M1 segment (100%) occlusions and lowest number of procedural‐related distal emboli compared with all other device setups, followed by the combined Millipede 088+STR technique. Amongst the conventional techniques, higher first‐pass effect rates were observed with the combined technique using a BGC (40%) than 6F CA (20%) in ICA‐terminus occlusions whereas the reverse was seen in MCA–M1 segment occlusions, with 6F CA performing better than combined approaches (60% versus 50%). BGCs may provide a revascularization benefit in ICA‐terminus occlusions. Rates of first‐pass effect and final mTICI 2c/3 were better for stiff clots compared with soft clots for all treatment approaches at both occlusion sites.

Conclusion

Millipede 088 CA was the most effective technique for all clot types and occlusion locations. Across conventional techniques, CA seems to be more effective in MCA–M1 segment occlusions, while the combined technique performed better in ICA occlusions. Clot composition influences the success of each technique.
East Asian Production Networks Go Beyond the Gravity Prediction
Authors: Ando Mitsuyo , Kimura Fukunari , Yamanouchi Kenta
Published: May 2022

This paper provides empirical evidence that supports the continuing importance of machinery international production networks (IPNs) in East Asia. We first confirm their robustness and resilience, even during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the significance of East Asian countries as suppliers of machinery final products and parts and components for the world. Then, we demonstrate how deeply East Asian countries are committed to machinery IPNs by applying a gravity equation to pre-pandemic bilateral machinery trade and comparing actual values with fitted values of the estimated equation. The gravity estimation exercise indicates that machinery trade is basically regional—within Factory Asia, Factory North America, and Factory Europe—but Factory Asia also has strong inter-regional linkages. It also verifies that ASEAN has played an important role in Factory Asia, going far beyond the gravity prediction, for the development of machinery IPNs.
The Apertochrysa prasina group (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), with a key to the European species
Authors: DUELLI PETER , HENRY CHARLES S.
Published: May 2022

All nine presently known European species of the Apertochrysa prasina group (formerly the Pseudomallada prasinus group) are diagnosed. Separate keys for the identification of living and preserved specimens of each sex are presented. For males, the “furwing” trait (increased numbers of setae on costal crossveins) is often crucial for identification, especially in preserved specimens. In some cases, females of the newly recognized prasinoid species (Ap1, Ap2, Ap3) are impossible to distinguish without live coloration. This is largely why the three “new” species are difficult to assign to one of the many old (often female) type specimens of former prasinoid species or varieties, which had been synonymized with Chrysopa prasina in the past.