bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban river water quality improvement in Bandung City, Indonesia
Authors: Yustiani Y M , Alfiah T
Published: November 2021

Bandung City is one of the big cities in Indonesia with a relatively poor river water quality. Several improvement efforts have been made, especially by the government. This study aims to review these improvement efforts and the results obtained. The rivers that are the leading review are the Cikapundung River, Citepus River, Cicadas River, and Cipamokolan River. The data was obtained from the monitoring results conducted by the government environmental service bureau of Bandung and the Province of West Java. Based on the study results, it was found that there was an improvement in the water quality of the Citepus River, but this river had a non-biodegradation capacity in 2020. The high TSS, COD, BOD, and MBAS detergents indicate the dominating domestic activity in urban watersheds. The most significant control effort to improve the quality of river water in the city of Bandung is the availability of waste treatment at the source, both household and regional scale. Onsite efforts to improve river water quality also have a positive impact, i.e., applying an eco-enzyme solution and developing structures in the river for the aeration process.
The potential and prospect of biomass as primary energy in Indonesia
Authors: Lantasi A I D , Syafrudin  , Budiyono
Published: November 2021

Energy is one of the needs to support daily human activities. Without energy, various activities such as industry, health, and household will be disrupted. Total energy consumption in Indonesia in 2018 reached 875 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE), which was dominated by fuel oil. It illustrates that national energy consumption is still dominated by primary energy sources originating from fossil fuels. Various previous studies have suggested the environmental and health impacts of air pollution from burning fossil fuels. This article will briefly discuss biomass as a primary energy source based on the results of literature studies. The discussion section will discuss the environmental impacts of biomass utilization based on several scientific studies and the form of biomass utilization in Indonesia that has been carried out. As a follow-up to several scientific facts, it is necessary to mix other primary energy from new and renewable energy sources.
The cellulose of Boehmeria nivea as natural flocculants: synthesis, modification, and flocculation analysis
Authors: Fauzani D , Notodarmojo S , Handajani M , Helmy Q , Kardiansyah T
Published: November 2021

Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose, the most common polymer on the planet, is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following article consists of a review of the latest developments regarding biopolymers, in particular, cellulose as a natural flocculant. One of the plants that can be developed in Indonesia is Boehmeria nivea, or what is known as Ramie, which contains cellulose that is still not utilized optimally. There is a method of isolation of alpha-cellulose derived from Boehmeria nivea and its application as a flocculant in synthetic wastewater presented in this paper. The alpha-cellulose of Boehmeria nivea was used as a flocculant in jar testing using kaolin suspension (5 g/L). The study shows that adding alpha-cellulose as an aid to PAC slightly increased the turbidity removal efficiency, and further modification of alpha-cellulose by cationic grafts into cationic cellulose is needed.
Spatial distribution change of groundwater quality in deep aquifer of Semarang alluvial plains area in past five years
Authors: Susanto  , Syafrudin  , Putranto T T
Published: November 2021

Over time, excessive groundwater usage in urban areas can affect groundwater conditions both in quantity & quality. In some regions, groundwater in the unconfined aquifer has been heavily involved, but for confined aquifers that are deep & tend to be protected, they are not involved too much. The extensive effect, especially groundwater quality, is very significant, especially in coastal areas where seawater intrusion is common & changes in water salinity occur within a specific time range. Regarding these conditions, research was carried out related to changes in spatial & temporal distribution patterns of groundwater quality, exceedingly physical & chemical parameters related to salinity in confined aquifer conditions in coastal areas. By taking a case study in the alluvial plains of Semarang City, this study aims to determine whether there are significant changes in the five years, starting from 2016 to 2020. By using data sourced from groundwater quality tests taken in the reference year, the results gained from the data processing explained that the groundwater quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), acidity (pH), & chloride ions (Cl-) are changing respectively, both spatially & temporally.
Analysis of waste composition as a source of refuse-derived fuel in Cilacap
Authors: Mustia D I , Edy S , Nurul A
Published: November 2021

The government focuses on converting garbage into energy, such as in Cilacap, that waste is processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). Compared to organic waste, a material with high calorific value fractions such as plastic is a potential energy source. Of contrast, organic waste dominates the waste composition in Indonesia. This study aimed to look into the waste composition in Cilacap as a resource of RDF. This is descriptive research that uses quantitative approaches. Organic waste dominated composition by 53,14%, according to a survey of 100 respondents. The percentages of plastic waste, paper, textile, and rubber/leather are 28,46%; 16,09%; 0,8%; and 0,42%; respectively. People who generate more organic waste are more likely to engage in social activities, have no yards and have no livestock. Furthermore, buying too much food and regularly leaving meals on the table may increase organic waste production. The calorific value obtained from the data is 3.735 kcal/kg. Knowing the theoretical calorific value of waste composition in Regency gives an overview of economic potential and research into appropriate policy recommendations for the government.
Technical evaluation of ultrafiltration unit in Siwalanpaji’s water treatment plant, PDAM Sidoarjo
Authors: Rachmawati F , Marsono B D , Masduqi A , Purnomo A
Published: November 2021

Raw water with high turbidity requires pretreatment on its ultrafiltration unit to prevent fouling. Based on that, it is necessary to evaluate the ultrafiltration unit’s quality, quantity, and operation in Siwalanpanji’s WTP. The evaluation method compares the design criteria, technical specification, and ultrafiltration with the conventional to see the existing condition. The results of ultrafiltration turbidity and organic substance efficiency removal are about 53% and 18%, it’s not more good than conventional unit efficiency removal, which has 89% for turbidities removal and 37% for organic substance removal. Moreover, the quality of the production water fulfils the standards of Indonesia Health Minister No. 492 of 2010, except for the value of organic substances, which is in this analysis it around 13.69 mg/L meanwhile, in standard, it must not be more than 10 mg/L. Evaluation of the operating performance of each treatment unit related to the membrane unit at the WTP in Siwalanpanji has fulfilled the criteria design. However, using an ultrafiltration unit results in treated water quality is equivalent to a conventional treatment unit. So from this evaluation, it is found that there is a need for recommendations pretreatment, which is better for raw water to treat before ultrafiltration.
Performance evaluation of waste management in MRF-3R (case study Sukoharjo District)
Authors: Wangi L S , Sumiyati S , Sarminingsih A
Published: November 2021

Independent waste management system based on the community with the implementation of Material Recovery Facilities with reduce, reuse, recycle principles (MRF 3R) has been widely applied in various places, including Sukoharjo District. Based on data from DLH Sukoharjo District, currently in Sukoharjo District there are 6 MRF-3R. The current condition of MRF-3R still cannot be monitored optimally, so the performance of each MRF-3R is not yet known. This study aims to evaluate the performance of waste management in MRF-3R by taking a case study in Sukoharjo District. This research was conducted based on the 2017 MRF-3R Technical Guidelines. This study will evaluate aspects of supporting regulatory products and technical technology. Based on evaluation results of supporting regulatory product aspects, the final value for 5 MRF-3R can be categorized as medium. Meanwhile, evaluation results of technical and technology aspects of each MRF-3R have a different categorization result. Following are the technical and technology evaluation results from each MRF-3R, MRF-3R Gonilan is categorized as a medium, MRF-3R Gumpang is categorized as not good, MRF-3R Ngabeyan is categorized as good, MRF-3R Kwarasan is categorized as not good, and MRF-3R Sanggrahan is categorized as medium.
Dynamic model of municipal solid waste management from households in Sukuta Nema, The Gambia
Authors: Jassey B , Zaman B , Syafrudin
Published: November 2021

Improper waste management is a global concern, especially in developing countries where population growth is increasing. Improper waste management is increasingly becoming a global problem that requires a holistic approach to avert health consequences. This research aims to estimate the generation, reduction and disposal of solid waste from households in Sukuta Nema, The Gambia, in the next 25 years. An analytic observation with a cross-sectional design and a dynamic model approach and data from observations in the field were used—a sample size of 125 households was drawn using random sampling. The results showed that household waste generation in Sukuta Nema was 2.07 kg/house/day or 0.0083 m3/house/day. Household waste from Sukuta Nema is predominantly organic, with a proportion of 80.71%. Inorganic waste constitutes about 19.29%. Based on the model scenario for 25 years (2021-2046), the results show that the estimated average rate of waste reduction through waste banks is 5.84%, the rate of waste reduction through composting scenarios is 64.20%, and the rate of waste reduction through a combined scenario between a waste bank and composting is 70.04%. The best waste management tool to use ineffective waste reduction is the combination scenario.
Evaluation of river water quality by using hierarchical clustering analysis
Authors: Warsito B , Sumiyati S , Yasin H , Faridah H
Published: November 2021

Assessment of water pollution is a critical study because it can affect humans directly. Likewise, river water is widely used for various daily needs. It is important to group rivers according to their classes so that further analysis and action can be carried out. This article discusses the clustering of rivers in several areas in the southeast part of Central Java Province consisting of 14 sampling stations based on several water quality parameters. The pollutant parameters include TSS, electrical conductivity, pH, BOD, COD, and DO. The method used is Hierarchical clustering in which the object grouping begins with grouping two objects with the closest distance being combined into one cluster, and then continues until one cluster is formed consisting of all objects. The results show that five clusters are the ideal choice. Except for electrical conductivity, the parameters observed are dominantly the difference between clusters. Through the formation of river clusters based on their water quality, the characteristics of each cluster and cluster members with high similarity can be identified.
Brackish water treatment for small community by using membrane technology
Authors: Auliya V R , Marsono B D , Yuniarto A , Nurhayati E
Published: November 2021

High salinity water, containing high TDS and chloride, is a common problem in coastal areas of Indonesia. The chloride content in water causes water to taste salty. It occurs in a small community of Tambak Cemandi Village, Sidoarjo. The groundwater has chloride content up to 3,694.3 mg/L, hardness 2,071 mg/L (CaCO3), and total coliform 7,100 MPN/100 mL. Membrane technology has been overgrowing all over the world in the water desalination process. This study aims to examine the basic concepts, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of membrane technology and its application in brackish water treatment for drinking purposes. This research was conducted by literature review, secondary data analysis, and application of case studies. The case study is applied to small scale drinking water treatment (flow rate 0.2 L/second) with brackish raw water from groundwater in Tambak Cemandi Village, where some of the population do not have access to safe drinking water. The study concludes that RO membranes with UF pre-treatment are adequate to treat 98%, 96%, and 100% of chloride content, hardness, and total coliform and fulfilled Indonesia Ministry regulation’s drinking water quality standard. The treatment can serve 202 people with an operational cost of Rp. 1,198/people.day.
Comparative study on thermal comfort responses and sleep quality between Indonesian and Japanese students during summer in Japan
Authors: Budiawan W , Tsuzuki K , Sakakibara H
Published: November 2021

The comfort temperature and sleep quality of Indonesian residing in Japan during summer might be different from Japanese. As an extended previous research, this study aimed to compare the thermal comfort and sleep quality between Japanese and Indonesian students. Male Indonesian and Japanese students aged 20-35 years participated in this study. The participants completed a survey regarding thermal sensation before sleep. During sleep, actigraphy was used to monitor sleep. Additionally, the temperature and relative humidity of the participants’ bedrooms were recorded. The findings of this study indicated that Indonesian students’ bedroom temperature and relative humidity were not significantly different from those of Japanese students during the summer. Most of Indonesian students preferred neutral, like the Japanese students. According to a thermal comfort survey, Indonesians had the same sensation as Japanese (slightly comfortable). However, the Griffiths method revealed that the mean comfort temperature of Indonesian was higher than those of Japanese students. We also discovered that Indonesian students had shorter duration on bed and sleep minute than Japanese students. Furthermore, the sleep rate of Indonesian students was comparable to that of Japanese students. In conclusion, Indonesian students as tropical native became capable of adjusting to the hot and humid conditions in temperate climate, Japan.
Removal of cyanide from alumina smelter wastewater using precipitation and filtration technique
Authors: Huda M F , Helmy Q
Published: November 2021

Aluminum is a metal that is used in many products because of its good conducting properties. However, in the production process, aluminum is not obtained easily but through a long process. In aluminum smelting process, wastewater that is produced indicates the existence of pollutants as determined by several indicators of water pollution, one of which is cyanide that will threaten human and environmental health if not treated properly. This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of ferrous sulfate to remove cyanide, the precipitation and filtration process efficiency in reducing cyanide, and its effect on pH of wastewater. Data were collected from an aluminum smelting company, and experiments were conducted in the laboratory. Based on results, ferrous sulfate dose of 93 mg/l is the most optimal dose in removing cyanide with an efficiency of 58.74±0.51%, while filtration process provides an efficiency of 81.65±0.42%. Precipitation with ferrous sulfate makes pH value of wastewater decrease, but filtration process increases the value again. Throughout the whole process, cyanide can be reduced by a combination of precipitation and filtration process with the efficiency of 92.43±0.26% and an average final effluent concentration of 0.78 mg/L from an initial concentration of 10.3 mg/L.
Treatment of textile industry wastewater by electrocoagulation technology
Authors: Rezagama A , Handayani D S , Rahardjo B A , Ashifa S , Wafa M Y
Published: November 2021

Experiments were carried out by treating the waste samples with electrocoagulation technology. This is done to determine the effectiveness of the removal of the electrocoagulation device against textile waste. The sample used is a synthetic sample with a concentration of 1091 mg/L Pt-Co units. The research was conducted twice with the first experiment being conducted to determine the most effective electrical voltage to remove the existing COD and color pollutants while the second experiment was conducted to determine the type of anode and cathode that was most effective in removing COD, Color, and heavy metal pollutants. In the first experiment, it was found that the electric voltage that could produce the best removal was 4 amperes and in the second experiment, the anode-cathode type with the highest % removal was Fe-Fe with % COD removal of 64.09639% and % color removal of 60.00619%. It was concluded that electrocoagulation method could effectively remove color and COD in waste water.
Characteristic differences between breeding places with and without Culex sp. larvae on lymphatic filariasis patient surroundings in an endemic area
Authors: Siwiendrayanti A , Anggroro S , Nurjazuli
Published: November 2021

Brebes Regency is one of the Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) endemic areas in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Ketanggungan Subdistrict, Bantarkawung Subdistrict and Paguyangan Subdistrict have the highest case numbers. Culex sp. is one of the vectors of LF in Java, Indonesia. This study was conducted to obtain information about the characteristics of the breeding places for Culex sp. in the area where people with LF live. The finding could be used as information with facts for society. It was a descriptive quantitative study with an observational design. The observation was conducted in a radius of 200 meters around the settlements of LF (15 patients) in three sub-districts in the Brebes Regency. Observed and measured data were larval density, water acidity, air temperature, air humidity, water flow, prominent flora presence, and prominent fauna presence. The breeding places observed were puddles, rivers, and sewers. Puddles and sewers with no aquatic animals were observed positively for the presence of Culex sp. larvae. The most preferred breeding place for Culex sp. in the study area were uncovered sewers.
The impacts of economic freedom on the environment: The case of carbon dioxide emissions in seven ASEAN countries
Authors: Setyadharma A , Nikensari S I , Oktavilia S , Wahyuningrum I F S
Published: November 2021

Global warming has been acknowledged as one of the main environmental issues, and economic freedom as one of the institutional factors is believed to be the key to protecting the environment. This study evaluates the proposition that countries with higher economic freedom will have a better environment than countries with a dictatorship government. This study uses panel data regression data from 2011 to 2017 and consists of seven ASEAN Countries. This study constructs an econometrics model with three main variables, i.e., economic freedom, Information, and Communication Technology (ICT), and real gross domestic products (GRDP) that have an impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The main results show that (1) higher economic freedom leads to low CO2 emissions. (2) better Information and Communication Technology reduces the level of CO2 emissions. And (3) Positive economic growth influence a higher level of CO2 emissions. The policy implication implies that the governments in seven ASEAN countries should support more economic freedom to support a better environment, use efficient ITC that leads to the protection of the environment. Apply the environmental statistics into the calculation of GRDP to improve countries’ capacities to manage their economies and natural resources.
Effects of various diluents on the quality and shelf life of Donggala bull semen
Authors: Mirajuddin  , Duma Y , Mumu M I , Ladjama M R , A’fia Nur , Abas A M , Ringgiallo A
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of different semen diluent on the quality and storage time of liquid semen of Donggala bull. Semen was obtained from four selected bulls which collected using artificial vagina. The semen diluent is based on Tris aminomethane-citric acid with different concentration of glucose namely P1=0.00g, P2=0.25g, P3=0.50g, and P4=0.75g. Another group of treatment also prepared based on Tris aminomethane-glucose with different concentration of egg yolk namely P5=0%, P6=15%, P7=20%, and P8=25%. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Results showed tris aminomethane-citric acid-glucose diluents had sperm progressive motile at >40% until the day 4 of storage, and tris aminomethane-glucose-egg yolk only able to support sperm life for 2 days, and in P8 group shows 41.02% motile on the day 3. In this study, we found the pattern of the increasing of shelf life affect to the decrease rate of sperm viability and normality.
Estimation of most probable producing ability of Bali cattle semen quality
Authors: Prasetyowati M H , Pradista L A , Widyas N , Prastowo S
Published: November 2021

This study aims to estimate the Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) values of semen quality in five Bali cattle bull that collected from January to October 2016 at Singosari AI Center. The semen quality parameter consists of semen volume (ml), motility (%), concentration (x106), and total sperm (x106/ml) observed in rainy and dry season. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation to estimate the repeatability and MPPA values. The average of semen quality in rainy and dry seasons, respectively, in volume were 3.91-6.24 ml and 4.38-6.84 ml, motility was 46.31-70.00% and 48.26-70.45%, semen concentrations were 844.78-1059.02 × 106/ml and 1033.15-1260.16 × 106/ml, and total sperm were 3280.58-5964.50 × 106 and 4493.31-7206.96×106. In this study, dry season shows better semen quality parameter as well as the repeatability value, therefore the estimation of MPPA in dry season is more accurate compared to rainy season.
Systematic factors and individual variation affecting litter size of Boer and Jawarandu goat cross
Authors: Agustin N K , Nugroho T , Setiaji R , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: November 2021

We studied the systematic factors and individual variation affecting litter size in the crossbreds between Boer and Jawarandu goat. The data were obtained from the records of litter size of Boerja goats from 2012 to 2015. The systematic factors consisted of season and year of birth, doe breeds and the kid’s sex; along with individual data including pedigree, date of birth, and parental breeds. The data consisted of 107 Boer does, 687 Jawarandu does, and 495 Boerja does with a total of 3804 kids. A linear model was developed to account the effect of systematic factors on litter size of Boerja goats. Later, a mixed model was solved with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method to estimate the individual variations on litter size. The results showed that litter size trait in goat was influenced by doe breed (P<0.05). Individual variation of this trait was also high (46%). Based on this research, it can be concluded that litter size of Boer goats and their crosses were affected by the doe’s breed with high individual variation. Doe’s selection is potential to improve liter size in goat crossbred population in the future.
Labelling of corn as forage for ruminants using isotope 15N
Authors: Sugoro I , Maharani Y , Hanani M , Ansori D , Wahyudiyanto H , Rizqikah A , Dasumiati  , Wahyono T , Firsoni  , Sasongko W T , Fahmi N , Flatian A N
Published: November 2021

In vitro and in vivo testing for ruminant feed efficiency can be done by utilizing the stable isotope Nitrogen-15 (15N) as a tracer. Feed can be traced by labeling the forage using isotope 15N. Feed crops are labeled using an isotope 15N-enriched fertilizer. The critical thing to note is to know the content of isotopes 15N in the part of forage feed plants that have been labeled. This research aims to know the effect of urea fertilizer on the percent of atom excess 15N on corn. Corn are labeled using urea enriched with isotopes 15N in the form of urea fertilizer (10% excess atom 15N) with different doses (0-200% recommended urea dose). As a control used corn plants given urea fertilizer is not labeled 15N. The results showed that corn forage feed was successfully labeled and correlated with the dose of fertilizer. The range of atom excess 15N was 4.28 – 6.99% in corn forage. Biomass production showed no significant difference between the dose of fertilization and control, but neither protein content. Based on data, the corn forage can be used for further testing.
Physical quality of chicken patties containing red beans (Vigna angularis) with different filler levels of taro meal
Authors: Nuhriawangsa A M P , Hertanto B S , Budiharjo A , Swastike W , Kartikasari L R
Published: November 2021

This research aims to evaluate the use of different filler levels of taro meal on the physical quality of chicken patties containing red beans (Vigna angularis). Patties produced from chicken meat with the ratio of red bean flour and taro flour as filler substitution for tapioca flour are 15:0 (CP0), 15:3 (CP1), 10:0 (CP2), 10:3 (CP3), 5:0 (CP4), and 5:3 (CP5). The analysis showed a significant difference in the tenderness (P<0.01), the value of pH, cooking loss, and water holding capacity (P<0.05) of patties. The addition of taro flour can increase the tenderness value of chicken patties. Reducing the amount of red beans resulted in a decrease in the pH value of chicken patties, but the increase in the use of taro meal did not result in a difference in the pH value. The highest cooking loss was achieved with the use of 5% red beans without taro meal. The highest water holding capacity of patties produced was obtained with a ratio of red bean and taro meal of 5:3. The conclusion is that adding 10% red beans and 3% taro flour red beans increased the physical quality of chicken patties and can be accepted by consumers.
Omega-3 fatty acid composition of chicken plasma fed diets varying in LA to ALA ratio
Authors: Kartikasari L R , Hughes R J , Geier M S , Gibson R A
Published: November 2021

The impact of dietary supplementation of a vegetable source of n-3 fat in the form of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) on the accumulation of n-3 fatty acids in plasma chicken was investigated. Sixty unsexed one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six diets (n=10 birds/diet) for 4 weeks. The birds were fed a proprietary starter commercial feed for the first two days after hatch. Six dietary treatments ranging in fat content from 5 to 10% were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with vegetable oils. The ALA levels varied from 1 to 8% energy (%en). The n-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) level was limited to less than 5%en. Results showed that the metabolites of dietary ALA, EPA, DPA, and DHA in plasma tissues increased in a curvilinear manner as dietary ALA increased, achieving 3- to 13-fold compared to the levels in the control birds (P<0.001). The total PUFA content of plasma samples increased (P<0.001) due to increasing the diets’ ALA content, achieving 41.20% of the total fatty acids when the LA to ALA ratio of diets was at the lowest level. The increase in total PUFA was mainly due to an increase in total n-3 PUFA.
The effect of individual variation on litter weight in Boer and Jawarandu goat crossbreed
Authors: Wardani E P , Nugroho T , Setiaji R , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of individual variations on litter weight in Boer and Jawarandu goat crossbreed in CV. Kambing Burja (farm), East Java. Records from 2012 to 2015 consisted of breed of does, date of birth, litter size and birth weight of kids; along with individual identity, season and year of birth were obtained. There were 107 Boer, 687 Jawarandu, and 495 Boerja does with a total of 3804 kids in the records. Data analysis was conducted using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) incorporating the factors of season of birth (rainy and dry season) and doe’s breed (Boer, Jawarandu, and Boerja F1). Mixed model analysis using Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method was used to estimate the individual variations. The results showed that both doe’s breed and season of birth had a significant effect (p<0.05) on litter weight; while the individual variations contributed 36.28% to the total variance. We concluded that the individual variation of litter weight was considerably high which reflects high genetic diversity within each breed. Hence, selection to improve the reproductive performance of these goats is highly possible.
The dynamics of population and production of Native Chicken under extensive- and semi-intensive maintenance
Authors: Ismoyowati  , Setianto N A
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated kampung chickens’ growth rate and production performance in extensive and semi-intensive rearing in Central Java, Indonesia. The survey method was employed for this study. The targets used in the study were kampung chicken farmers in the Banyumas and Kebumen areas. The survey method is carried out by collecting data, observing and measuring population, production performance, including meat and egg production. The data obtained, processed, and presented in the tables and graphs, calculated the population and production of chicken to evaluate its growth. The performance of chicken production, including egg production, egg weight, number of eggs hatched, and hatchability, was analyzed using general linear model (GLM) analysis. The result showed a 1.9% growth rate of the native chicken population, in which the hens outnumbered the roosters. The meat and egg production growth rates were 8.2% and 6.8%, respectively, between 2016 and 2020 in Central Java. Native chickens kept under semi-intensive maintenance produced more eggs than those in an extensive system. Conclusively, native chicken of Central Java experienced growth in population and production of meat and egg. The semi-intensive system, compared to the extensive system, had a higher rate of eggs production.
Optimization of DNA extraction and amplification of Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov) for molecular identification
Authors: Nawfetrias W , Royani J I , Bidara I S , Handayani DP , Surahman M , Herdis  , Herry R , Sarmedi  , Mansyur
Published: November 2021

Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov) is an important forage containing high crude protein for livestock. Molecular analysis of kikuyu relies on high yields of pure DNA and suitable PCR conditions. This research aimed to extract DNA from kikuyu based on weight of the sample and amplify the DNA of Burangrang accession using specific primers. 100 grams and 200 grams leaves of 3 accessions of kikuyu from Burangrang, Bukit Tunggul, and Tangkuban Perahu were extracted by Qiagen Mini Kit Plant. Concentration and purity of DNA were analyzed by NanoDrop Spectrophotometer 2000. DNA from Burangrang accession was amplified using six specific primers at different annealing temperatures. The result showed that the yield of DNA ranged 2.2 µg/µl to 21.4 µg/µl and the purity (ratio) were 1.08 to 2.01. Bukit Tunggul and Burangrang accession showed the same interaction pattern on the sample weight for concentration and purity. One hundred grams of leaves from Burangrang accession produce the highest concentration and the best purity of DNA, but no difference between other weight and accession. Reproducible amplifiable products were observed in all PCR reactions except primer K2. These results indicated that optimized protocol is suitable for further work on molecular identification of kikuyu.
Effect of betaine supplementation on the growth pattern of quails reared in a tropical environment
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Pradista L A , Sari S R P , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: November 2021

Betaine plays a vital role in forming amino acids to compose proteins, converted into structural tissue in poultry. This study aimed to predict the growth pattern of quails fed diet supplemented with betaine using a logistic regression model. In total, 84 10-day-old quails were divided into two treatments (T0: control, T1: betaine supplementation 0.12%). The diets were given in 2 phases (starter: 22% crude protein; layer: 20% crude protein), where weekly bodyweight data was recorded in each phase. The t-test was conducted to see the effect between treatments, while logistic regression was used to predict the pattern of bodyweight growth. The result showed no effect of betaine in bodyweight parameters (p>0.05) between T0 and T1 both for the starter and layer phases which might be associated with the nutrient sufficiency in the diet, particularly dietary protein. The logistic model’s bodyweight prediction has high accuracy with the fitness value for T0=99% and T1=98%. It can be concluded that betaine supplementation in high nutritional diets could not modify the growth pattern of quails.
Non-linear prediction model for egg production of quails the tropics with methionine supplementation
Authors: Masykur A , Purwanti E , Widyas N , Prastowo S , Ratriyanto A
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to predict the egg production of quails receiving methionine supplementation. Two hundred and four quails were divided into two treatment diets, and six replicates with 17 quails each. The treatment diets were control (P0) and 0.12% methionine supplementation (P1). Egg production data were collected for eleven weeks, and a T-test was performed. Next, the data was plotted to get the actual egg production curve. We used a logistic regression model to predict the egg production pattern and calculated the model’s fitness with the coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that methionine supplementation increased egg production by 9.43% (p<0.01). Based on the actual production curve, the increase in initial production to peak production of P1 was slower than P0, but P1 had a higher egg production than P0. The logistic model predicts that peak production of P1 was higher than P0 (62.74% vs. 56.79%), although the production rate of P1 was lower than P0 (0.21 vs. 0.36). In addition, the accuracy of both P0 and P1 models was 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. Thus, the logistic model can predict quail egg production in the tropics due to diet modification with high accuracy.
Fitness of logistics model for predicting quails egg production reared in a tropical environment with dietary betaine supplementation
Authors: Masykur A , Azizah A N , Widyas N , Prastowo S , Ratriyanto A
Published: November 2021

Betaine is a methyl group donor and organic osmolyte, optimizing quail’s performance, particularly in a tropical environment. This study determined the fitness of the logistic model to predict the quail egg production with dietary betaine supplementation. Two hundred and four quails were divided into two dietary treatments, and six replicates with 17 quails each. The treatment diets were control (CTR) and 0.12% betaine supplementation (BET). Egg production data were collected for eleven weeks, and a T-test was performed. Next, the data is plotted to get the actual egg production curve. The fit of the logistic model is calculated according to the coefficient of determination (R2). Quail that received betaine supplementation produced more eggs than control (P<0.05). The actual egg production curve shows the effect of betaine supplementation seen after the fourth week. The logistic model predicts CTR to reach peak production faster than BET but to have lower peak production than BET (56.63% vs. 63.56%). Prediction of egg production both CTR and BET showed high accuracy with a relatively high R2 (0.88; CTR and 0.87; BET). Thus, the logistic model accurately predicted quails egg production reared in a tropical environment with betaine supplementation.
Effect of fatliquor level on the physical quality of Indonesian rabbit fur leather
Authors: Maryati T , Nugroho T , Sundari  , Dewi S H C
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fatliquor level on the physical quality of Indonesian rabbit fur leather. A total of 15 sheets of Indonesian local rabbit leather (30 cm long and 26 cm wide) were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 3 replicates. The five treatments were level of fatliquor: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. In this study, the physical quality of rabbit fur leather was measured in tension, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Level of fatliquor affects (P<0.05) softness, elongation, tensile strength, and tear strength of rabbit fur leather. The use of fatliquor up to 20% increased the rabbit leather softness and elongation, but there was a decrease at 25%. The use of 10% fatliquor produces the highest tensile strength. The highest tear strength resulted from the use of fatliquor levels of 5% and 15%. It is concluded that using 20% fatliquor on the fatliquoring process of rabbit fur leather tanning produces the best physical quality.
Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii supplementation on fermentation and lactic acid concentration in the rumen: A meta-analysis of in vivo experiments
Authors: Susanto I , Jayanegara A , Wiryawan K G
Published: November 2021

This study evaluated the effects of supplementation M. elsdenii on rumen fermentation and lactic acid concentration in vivo by integrating data from various related studies using a meta-analysis. A database was developed by integrating data from 72 treatments that originated from 17 articles. The parameters integrated were lactic acid concentration, fermentation products, and rumen microbial population. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using a mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of M. elsdenii were treated as fixed effects. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. Results showed that supplementation of M. elsdenii linearly reduced lactic acid concentration (P=0.048), proportion of acetate (P=0.045), acetate: propionate ratio (P=0.043) and methane production (P<0.01). In addition, M. elsdenii supplementation also had a significant quadratic effect to increase total VFA (P<0.01) and linearly with pH (P<0.01), proportion of propionate (P=0.037), and valerate proportion (P=0.037). However, supplementation of M. elsdenii did not significantly affect (P>0.05) isobutyrate, isovalerate proportion, and protozoa population in the rumen. It can be concluded that M. elsdenii supplementation is proven to reduce lactic acid concentration, maintain rumen pH, reduce methane production and increase some rumen fermentation products.
The potential of nitrate supplementation for modulating the fermentation pattern and mitigating methane emission in ruminants: A meta-analysis from in vitro experiments
Authors: Abdelbagi M , Ridwan R , Nahrowi  , Jayanegara A
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nitrate supplementation as an in vitro feed additive for modulating the rumen fermentation pattern and mitigating the enteric methane emission by using a meta-analysis method. A database was built from the previously published articles regarding the effectiveness of nitrate as a feed additive in the in vitro rumen fermentation system. Different doses or forms of nitrate supplementations were identified in the database. A total of thirteen studies containing 47 data sets were obtained from ten published research papers. The obtained data were subjected to the mixed model methodology. The doses or the different forms of nitrate were treated as a fixed factor, while the different studies were considered as a random effect. Results showed that nitrate addition decreased significantly (P<0.05) the total gas production, methane production, the TVFAs, and the acetic acid, and increased significantly (P<0.05) ammonia concentration in a linear pattern. However, nitrate did not affect significantly the rumen pH and the population of methanogenic archaea. In conclusion, nitrate is an effective additive for modulating the rumen fermentation by altering the fermentation process resulting in a lower methane production.
Hematological parameters and antibody titers to new castle diseases and avian influenza on extensive and semi-intensive system
Authors: Ismoyowati  , Tugiyanti E , Indrasanti D
Published: November 2021

The study evaluated the hematological parameters and antibody titers against Newcastle Disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) on native chickens under extensive and semi-intensive rearing in Central Java, Indonesia. The target of the study was native chickens in Banyumas and Kebumen areas. The chickens were reared extensive and semi-intensively. The survey method was carried out by drawing 324 chicken blood samples for hematological tests and measuring antibody titer to ND and AI. The data obtained were analyzed using a general linear model (GLM) with the Systat ver.13 program. The results showed that native chicken in extensive and semi-intensive systems had different physiological statuses (P<0.05). The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, total plasma protein levels, and heterophil-lymphocyte ratios was higher on semi-intensive than extensive system. However, the number of leucocytes was relatively high the same (P>0.05). In extensive system rearing, the number of native chickens with effective antibody titers against ND and AI was higher than the semi-intensive. The study concluded that native chickens reared in semi-intensive systems had a healthier physiological status than chickens in extensive systems. However, the effective antibody titers against ND and AI in the extensive and semi-intensive systems were still very low.
Analysis of broiler farming business systems without Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) in traditional farms
Authors: Japutra B R , Ismoyowati  , Setianto N A
Published: November 2021

The broiler farming industry cannot be separated from the use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in feed ingredients, but the negative impact of the utilization of AGP has led to a ban which has been in effect since January 2018. This study aims to analyze various factors and their relationship in broiler farming, so that it can be seen how the broiler farming business system runs after the ban of AGP. The research was conducted using a survey method on broiler farmers in one of the partner companies. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively using Causal Loop Diagram modeling. The results showed that the use of AGP was not the only factor that influenced the success of broiler farming. Other factors that affect broiler farming include maintenance management, cage quality and farmer quality. In addition to the regulation and arrangement of the broiler marketing trade system, efforts or strategies to improve broiler farming business include setting production standards based on the quality of the SAPRONAK used, upgrading open house cages to semi closed houses and improving the quality of farmers, especially motivation and education.
Weaning rate, birth weight, and weaning weight of Jawarandu and Boer crossbreed goat from naturally serviced and artificially inseminated does
Authors: Nuraini D M , Prastowo S , Widyas N
Published: November 2021

Two types of mating had been practiced in the crossbreed of Jawarandu does and Boer buck that produced Boerja goat, the natural service and artificial insemination. This study aimed to compare the weaning rate, birth weight, and weaning weight of offspring from both mating methods and analyze the different birth and weaning weights on different sex and birth type. A total of 271 kids were born from naturally serviced (NS) and artificially inseminated (AI) does (221 and 50, respectively). All kids were managed in the same condition. The number of kid died pre-weaning, birth weight, and weaning weight were recorded and analyzed. The result showed that the weaning rate of AI kids was significantly higher than NS kids. The birth and weaning weights of kids from both groups were not significantly different. Male and single kids had heavier birth and weaning weights than female and twin kids. Overall, the survival rate of AI kids until weaning is better than NS kids. The birth and weaning weight in NS and AI are not different but male and single kids are heavier than female and twin kids in both groups.
Financial feasibility analysis study of beef cattle business in Minahasa regency
Authors: Lumenta I D R , Moningkey S A E , Oroh F N S
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research was to study the financial feasibility of beef cattle business in Minahasa Regency. Primary and secondary were used as data sources. The former was obtained directly from interviews using questionnaires, and the latter was collected from related agencies and other relevant references. Sampling was done using purposive sampling based on the largest beef cattle population and at simple random sampling with a total of 120 respondents selected in research locations. Data were descriptively analyzed based on investment criteria. Overall results showed that the beef cattle business in Minahasa Regency is feasibly sustainable because all of the measured parameters have met investment criteria, with the break-even point at 25 ind yr−1 and income gain of IDR 334,069,889, IRR is 33.14% > bank interest rate, B/C Ratio > 1, and Payback Period is 1 year 9 months shorter than the project period of 3 years.
Seroprevalence of Avian Influenza virus subtype H5N1 in chickens of the two main poultry market in Surakarta area, Central Java
Authors: Budiharjo A , Prabawati A W F , Herawati E
Published: November 2021

Avian influenza (AI) subtype H5N1 virus is very contagious among domestic poultry such as chicken (Gallus gallus) and potentially infecting humans through direct or indirect contact with the infected animal. In the Surakarta area, Central Java, there are two major poultry markets, Silir poultry market and Jumantono farm. Here, we determined the seroprevalence of the AI virus in chickens sold in both poultry markets. The method was conducted using an explorative experiment by collecting 140 samples of chicken blood serum. The presence of antibodies to the AI virus subtype H5N1 was measured through a standard serological test via hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. The HI assay detected a large antibody difference against AI from samples of both locations; 4.28% from Silir poultry market and 48.57% from Jumantono farm. Because the chickens from the Silir poultry market were not vaccinated, the level of antibody detected indicatesd that some chickens were exposed to the virus through infection. Meanwhile, the high positivity rate in Jumantono farm might reflect the presence of neutralizing antibody, since the chickens from this farm received periodic vaccinations. Continuous quality surveillance in the environment of the poultry market is essential to reduce the impact of AI outbreaks against chickens and humans.