bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير طريقة الإنشاء الموجه لتحسين مهارة الكتابة
Authors: Yola Anggraini  , Risti Nurul Fikriyah
Published: December 2024

.تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل فعالية طريقة الإنشاء الموجه في تحسين مهارة الكتابة (مهارة الكتابة) لدى الطلاب الذين يدرسون اللغة العربية. تُعدُّ طريقة الإنشاء الموجه وسيلة تعليمية تركز على ممارسة الكتابة بشكل متكرر تحت إشراف مباشر من المدرّس، مما يساعد الطلاب على تحسين مهاراتهم في تركيب الجمل وكتابة الفقرات بفعالية.  في إعداد هذا المقال، استخدم الباحثون المنهج النوعي مع تقنية جمع البيانات من خلال الملاحظة. شملت الدراسة مصدرين رئيسيين لجمع البيانات: المصدر الأولي الذي تم الحصول عليه من الملاحظات المباشرة للموضوعات، والمصدر الثانوي الذي تم جمعه من الدراسات الأدبية، بما في ذلك مقالات ومجلات وكتب تم تناولها في هذه الدراسة.  تشير النتائج إلى أن طريقة الإنشاء الموجه فعّالة في تعزيز مهارات الكتابة لدى الطلاب، وخصوصاً في هيكلة الجمل، واختيار المفردات المناسبة، ودمج الفقرات بطريقة منسجمة. تسهم هذه الدراسة في تعليم اللغة العربية من خلال تقديم أسلوب بديل أكثر فعالية لتحسين مهارات الكتابة لدى الطلاب.  اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي النوعي، مع استخدام مصدرين أساسيين: المصادر الأولية المتمثلة في الكتب، والمصادر الثانوية المتمثلة في المقالات والمجلات.  كشفت النتائج عن ثلاثة أمور رئيسية:  استخدام طريقة الإنشاء الموجه كوسيلة تعليمية في مهارة الكتابةاوّلاً,  فعالية تعليم الإنشاء الموجه في تعزيز مهارة الكتابة في تعلم اللغة العربيةثانياً,    تحسين قدرة الطلاب على الكتابة باللغة العربية باستخدام طريقة الإنشاء الموجهثالثاً
Mengungkap Faktor Kesulitan Membaca Bahasa Arab pada Mahasiswa Berlatar Belakang Non Pesantren di PBA UINSU Medan
Authors: Sekar Wulandari  , Maulida Rahmi  , Isnaini Anggina Lubis  , Sahkholid Nasution
Published: December 2024

The skill of reading is referred to as mahārah qirā’ah in Arabic, which is the third skill after mahārah istima’ and mahārah kalām. In the Arabic Language Education program, some students come from non-boarding school backgrounds and may not have studied Arabic extensively before. This condition can present several challenges, especially in reading Arabic texts. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among students from non-boarding school backgrounds in the Arabic Language Education program at UINSU, batch 2021. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews/questionnaires with five students, and a literature review of previous research. The results of this study show that factors affecting the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among non-boarding school students include their educational background, a lack of understanding of nahwu (syntax) and sharf (morphology), insufficient vocabulary mastery, and a lack of interest in learning Arabic. This study reveals these factors in order to raise awareness among educators about the issue and encourage students to improve their skills in learning Arabic.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Online Wordwall Terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Konsep Bilangan
Authors: Yusrin R. Mustapa  , Pupung Puspa Ardini  , Rapi Us. Djuko
Published: December 2024

This study examined the effect of wordwall online learning media on recognizing numbers in children aged 5-6 years at Kihajar Dewantoro VII Kindergarten, Kota Tengah Sub-District, Gorontalo City. This study aimed to discover whether wordwall learning media affects the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in children aged 5-6 years. This quantitative research used an experimental research method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The data in this study was collected through test observation. The subjects of this study were 16 children at the age of 5-6 years. Based on the analysis of the t-test (paired sample t-test), it was found that the t-count was greater than the t-table (24.744 > 2.201 and sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000<0.05). From this result, HO was rejected, and Ha was confirmed. In conclusion, wordwall learning media affected the ability to recognize the concept of numbers in children aged 5-6 years at Kihajar Dewantoro VII Kindergarten, Kota Tengah Sub-District, Gorontalo City.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Menggunting Terhadap Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Kelompok B di TK Negeri Pembina KH Dewantoro Kota Selatan Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Desvianti Damaling  , Maryam Rahim  , Pupung Puspa Ardini
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the effect of cutting activities on the fine motor skills of Group B children at TK State Pembina KH Dewantoro Kindergarten, South City, Gorontalo City. An experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The study was conducted over two months, involving 21 children as the sample. Data collection was carried out using a performance test. A pre-test was performed to measure fine motor skills before the intervention, followed by the implementation of a cutting activity with paper for eight sessions. After the intervention, a post-test was conducted to assess changes in the children's fine motor skills. The results showed that the average score of fine motor skills before the intervention was 56.75, which increased to 88.76 after the intervention. The t-test revealed a t-statistic value of -24.720 and a p-value of 0.000, indicating that the p-value is less than the established significance level (0.05). Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, indicating that the cutting activity had a significant effect on improving the children's fine motor skills. These findings confirm that the cutting activities applied were effective in improving the fine motor skills of children at TK State Pembina KH Dewantoro Kindergarten.
Pengaruh Media Busybook terhadap Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf pada Anak Kelompok B di TK Aster Kelurahan Molosipat W Kecamatan Kota Barat Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Mutia Mutia  , Yakob Napu  , Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya
Published: December 2024

The Influence of Busybook Media on Letter Recognition Ability in Group B Children at Aster Kindergarten, Molosipat W Village, Kota Barat District, Gorontalo City. Early Childhood Education Teacher Education. Principal Supervisor I: Drs. Yakob Napu, M.Pd; Co-Supervisor II: Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya, S.Pd, M.Pd. This study aims to determine the effect of Busybook media on the letter recognition ability of Group B children at Aster Kindergarten, Molosipat W Village, West City District, Gorontalo City. This research used a quantitative approach with an experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling, and data collection methods include tests and observation, where children’s letter recognition abilities were measured before and after the treatment using Busybook media. The instrument used in this study to assess letter recognition ability based on three indicators. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years, with a sample size of 15 children. Data analysis results indicated a significant increase in children's letter recognition ability after the implementation of Busybook media. The t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 with α = 0.05; since the significance value from the t-test is smaller than α (0.000 < 0.05), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted. It can be concluded that Busybook media has an effect on children's letter recognition ability and can be considered an effective teaching method in early childhood education.
Keywords: Busybook Media, Letter Recognition Ability
Deskripsi Kemampuan Bahasa Reseptif Anak Usia (5-6 Tahun) Di TK Negeri Pembina Kecamatan Kota Tengah Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Mifta Huljanah. Lakamaru  , Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya  , Rapi Us. Djuko
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the receptive language ability of children aged (5-6) years in the Pembina State Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City. The researcher conducted a qualitative research method discussing the receptive language ability of children aged (5-6) years. The subjects of this study were three children and one teacher of the Pembina State Kindergarten. Data were collected through interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study conducted at the Pembina State Kindergarten, Kota Tengah District, Gorontalo City aimed to see a child's ability to understand and process language received from others. The research activities were carried out for approximately 1 month. In writing this thesis, the author aims to describe the receptive language ability of children aged 5-6 years. The importance of optimizing aspects of child development including aspects of language development from an early age considering that at that time the child's brain is at an unlimited potential to be developed, children must be given the opportunity to develop their abilities with various fun learning activities.
Deskripsi Pola Asuh Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B di TK Cerdas Molibagu Desa Molibagu Kecamatan Bolaang Uki Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan
Authors: Besse Salsa Maulina  , Pupung Puspa Ardini  , Rapi Us. Djuko
Published: December 2024

Parenting style refers to the methods parents use to educate, guide, discipline, interact with, and protect their children to help them mature within the norms of the family and society. This study aims to describe the parenting style of parents of aerly childhood children at TK Cerdas Molibagu Kindergarten, Molibagu Village, Bolaang Uki District, South Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The qualitative research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The findings showed that, based on observations and open-ended questionnaires from 11 respondents, 36% (4 out of 11) of parents implemented an authoritarian parenting style characterized by full parental control and strict rules with punishments for violations. Similarly, 36% (4 out of 11) of parents adopted a democratic parenting style, emphasizing two-way communication and mutually agreed-upon rules. Meanwhile, 27% (3 out of 11) employed a permissive parenting style, granting full freedom to the child, where decisions were primarily based on the child’s preferences. The result indicate that the dominant parenting  styles applied by parents at TK Cerdas Molibagu are authoritarian and democratic.
Konsep Dasar Belajar dan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Sutra Awaliyah Darfin  , Mutahharatul Jannah  , Nurfadillah Nurfadillah  , Nurhuda Nurhuda  , Annisa Sarif  , Nurul Wahyuni
Published: December 2024

Learning is a process of behavioral change that involves interaction between individuals and their environment. Learning outcomes are changes resulting from the learning process, both in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. This article aims to explain the concept of learning, factors that influence the learning process, and how learning outcomes are measured and evaluated. With this understanding, it is hoped that it can provide guidance for educators to optimize the learning process. Learning is very important to produce output in an educational process. A good understanding of the basic concepts of learning is needed by education actors such as teachers, lecturers and stakeholders in an educational unit.
Impact of Conflicts on Socioeconomic Development: An In-depth Analysis of Global Trends and Economic Disparities
Authors: Muhammad Haroon  , Muhammad Umair
Published: December 2024

Comprehending the influence of conflicts on a country's socioeconomic development is crucial. Governments must devise efficient strategies to mitigate the detrimental consequences of conflicts. We examined the correlations between conflict and multiple developmental results, including growth in the economy, longevity, and academic achievement. We utilized a dynamic static effect approximation to analyze an autoregressive distributed lag theory. The analysis was conducted by employing data collected from panels from 1996 to 2020, encompassing 109 nations. The results of the study show that an increase in conflict has a detrimental effect on economic expansion. Violence harms the revenue of all kinds of countries, whether high-income or low-income. Meanwhile, the severity of conflict has a substantial effect on low-income countries but an insignificant impact on upper-middle-income countries. By minimizing the naturally occurring impacts of this kind of violence and conflict, our strategy allowed us to discern the distinct short- and long-term effects of war on growth. Investigations that examined smaller samples based on nations' economic status yielded intriguing findings: states with higher incomes have shown a diminished significance of detrimental impacts from conflict on their socioeconomic status.
Estimating the Informal Economy and Tax Evasion in Pakistan: Insights from Monetary Approach
Authors: Mubashir Habib  , Waqar Ahmad  , Munnaza Sattar  , Muhammad Afzaal  , Muhammad Abdullah  , Sajid Amin
Published: December 2024

The informal economy (INE) is a main point of discussion in the process of policymaking due to its wide-ranging economic ramifications. It distorts official macroeconomic indicators, leading to misguided policy decisions, and highlights untapped economic potential. Using the monetary approach, this study examines the size of the INE and tax evasion (TAXE) in Pakistan from 1980 to 2022. We employ currency demand (CD) method, driven by factors such as tax burden, banking services, inflation and economic instability, serves as the main causes of currency demand in Pakistan. Regression analysis of CD reveals that the tax burden significantly increases reliance on cash transactions, thereby expanding the INE. The study shows that the INE in Pakistan grew from 11.17% of GDP in 1980 to 44.14% in 2022, with a long-term average of 28.33%. Similarly, TAXE rose from 1.23% to 7.43% of GDP, averaging 4.49% over the study period. These trends demonstrate the persistent growth of informal activities, especially during periods of economic downturn and high inflation. The study highlights the need for simplified tax systems, broader tax bases, and improved financial inclusion to curb reliance on informal transactions and enhance fiscal efficiency.
The Nexus between Financial Development and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Market Capitalization
Authors: Fatima Farooq  , Hassan Mujtaba Nawaz Saleem  , Muhammad Yousuf  , Javaid Hussain
Published: December 2024

This study explores the association of financial development, market capitalization, foreign direct investment, human capital, and economic growth in Pakistan. Utilizing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the analysis draws on data spanning the period from 1995 to 2023. The main objective is to check how financial development influences the economic growth of Pakistan. The outcomes show that market capitalization and foreign direct investment have positive and substantial effects on growth in the long run. Human capital also positively influences the growth of the economy. Pakistan should strengthen capital markets, attract FDI, and invest in human capital to boost growth. Sustainable financial policies are also needed to mitigate long-term adverse effects from rapid financial development. The study results emphasize that policymakers must expand economic growth by reducing regulatory barriers, strengthening capital markets to boost investor confidence, and attracting FDI through robust protections for foreign investors to ensure a high return. Additionally, investment in human capital, particularly through education policies that provide skills and training to the labor force, is essential for sustainable development.
Psychological Theories in International Conflicts: Understanding Aggression and Cooperation
Authors: Mehreen Yaseen  , Anum Tahira  , Muhammad Sameen Akhtar  , Dr. Sabahat Ali Sheikh
Published: December 2024

This article explores important psychological factors that accompany international wars because it can be said to have equal significance alongside the political and economic ones, which have been of concern to scholars as far back as one can remember. This article examines the relevance of psychological theories in dealing with areas of international relations such as cooperation and aggression. The study will present the volume on violence which appears as an aggression against pacifying strategies by utilizing well-known ideas such as the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis and Social Identity Theory. The views of the Frustration-aggressiveness Hypothesis which was formulated by John Dollard and others, the displeasure or unfulfilled wants of a nation could transform into rage, which most times shows itself through a belligerent tongue or martial violence. This is particularly important for understanding why such issues as the perception of injustice, the conflicts over territory, or economic problems are sometimes expressed in the form of world wars. On the other hand, there is Henri Tajfel who developed the social identification Theory, which focuses upon intergroup relations through the process of group as well as social identification development. In accordance with the theory, every nation as every human being is inclined to favor its own group (the in-group) and exhibits suspicion or hostility towards the out-group which brings about clashes. So, this paper mainly focuses on these psychological concepts and the corpus of theories developed consequently in relation to the appearance of conflicts and/or rivalry between states, with special references to relations when nationalistic sentiment or rather ‘we feeling’ is involved. It seeks to explore a number of psychological perspectives including the Cognitive Dissonance Theory, and even how some leaders or states may rationalize violence in their cause and actions. This idea is important in the analysis of the mental state of a state that is aggressive but attempts to balance itself ideologically as well. But violence is not the only aspect of the psychological component of international relations. This research focuses on the factors that enable international relations through looking at the factors of reciprocity, mutual trust and common identity. Cooperation is often viewed as a psychological factor of international relations in as much as formulating shared objectives and reaching a common understanding are the emphases in the settlement of conflicts. The role of diplomacy that has a strong focus on psychology, the management, resolution and negotiation of conflicts is also examined in order to demonstrate the relevance of psychological factors in obtaining peace.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Digital Financial Inclusion: Transforming Economies in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Dr. Kiran Jameel  , Dr Laeeq Razzak Janjua
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research study is to investigate the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on digital financial inclusion (DFI). The involvement of economically disadvantaged individuals in the financial sector has emerged as a pivotal subject of discourse concerning approaches to enhance digital financial inclusion. The Financial Technology sector is employing artificial intelligence and its various tools to foster engagement and improve participation among low-income individuals, marginalized communities, women, youth, and small business owners in conventional financial activities. The methodological approach of the study involved a thorough examination of perceptional and research journals, an analysis of papers authored by co-researchers, and a review of other authoritative sources pertinent to the subject, aimed at assessing the impact of AI on digital financial inclusion. This study proved that artificial intelligence has a major impact on digital financial inclusion in several ways. It helps with risk assessment and mitigation, solves the problem of disorganized data, improves cyber security and fraud detection, and uses chatbots to help users with desktop tasks. The study argues that governments throughout the world, together with financial and non-financial organizations, should embrace AI on a massive scale.
Explanatory study of Phonological Idiosyncrasies in Pakistani English
Authors: Shahid Hussain Mir  , Dr. Ayaz Afsar
Published: December 2024

The current research paper investigates the phonemic idiosyncrasies in Pakistani English, that makes this variety of English a distinct variety from other varieties shaped by socio-linguistic and socio-cultural context of Pakistan. The nature of the study is descriptive. The study uses the Optimality based linguistic analysis and field observations, the study finds the system deviations of phonemic idiosyncrasies compared to Standard British English. The key features include substitution of /ɪ/ and /iː/, the conflation of /v/ and /w/, and the use of retroflex and dental consonants influenced by native languages like Urdu, Punjabi, and Sindhi.  The data shows that in Pakistani English, syllable-timed rhythm is different from British Standard English with stress variation and diphthong realization. These phonemic features show the relation between Pakistani English and linguistic system of the Standard English. These phonological features contribute to the unique variety of Pakistani English.
Issues, Challenges & Opportunities of Education for Marginalized Communities in Pakistan
Authors: Gouhar Pirzada  , Dr Amna Yousaf  , Dr Sajid Masood
Published: December 2024

Education is a right for every individual in Pakistan. Pakistan has various socio-economic classes, cultures, and geographical locations tend to suffer socio-economically, culturally, and geographically. This research aims to focus on multiple issues related to educational inclusiveness for underprivileged groups, such as women living below the poverty line, religious minorities, and rural populations, and discuss gaps and opportunities within policies. Qualitative research involving focus group discussions addresses systemic issues- fiscal issues and issues related to gender bias and infrastructural issues- as well as curriculum biases. It discusses how the existing policies cannot address these problems. Schooling by the community, targeted scholarships, vocational training, and all-inclusive curricula reforms are opportunities for improvement. The findings focus on sustainable, culturally inclusive, and community-driven solutions to bridge educational inequity. Addressing such issues is significant in fostering social cohesion, reducing inequality, and promoting sustainable development. This study’s contribution to policymakers, educators, and advocates for increased access to education for the marginalized will provide actionable insights and recommendations for action. In this regard, these challenges can ensure that Pakistan ensures its most vulnerable populations’ right to education.
An Evaluate the Legal Gaps Regarding the Artificial Intelligence and Copyright Infringement in the Context of Pakistan
Authors: Abdul Salam Soomro  , Muhammad Zakir Shah  , Muhammad Hassan Sajjad  , Sadia Fatima
Published: December 2024

This study evaluated the legal gaps which are addressing artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright infringement in the domain of legal frameworks in Pakistan. The purpose was to examine whether existing copyright laws adequately protect against unauthorized use of creative works generated or exploited by AI technologies. The study analyzed Pakistan’s Copyright Ordinance, 1962, relevant judicial precedents, and international instruments such as the Berne Convention and TRIPS Agreement to assess their applicability to AI-related copyright challenges through the Employed doctrinal legal research methodology. The findings revealed significant gaps, including the absence of provisions addressing ownership of AI-generated works, liability for infringement involving AI systems and mechanisms to safeguard copyright holders against unauthorized AI use. The results underscored the need for legislative reforms to align Pakistan’s copyright laws with emerging AI technologies, ensuring adequate protection for creators while fostering innovation. The study recommended the introduction of specific provisions to regulate AI-generated content, determine ownership, and establish liability frameworks to bridge these legal gaps.
Challenges Faced by Transgender Individuals in Accessing Higher Education in Pakistan: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Raheel Arshad  , Zohaib Hassan  , Ammara Khalid  , Syed Muhammad Sabeeh Haider
Published: December 2024

This research will explore that how Pakistani laws have been established to protect transgender rights, while they still face a significant disadvantage in higher education. The main obstacles that impede the complete integration of transgender individuals into higher education would be examined in this study. The rights of transgender individuals have been protected through legislation, but social discrimination and institutional biases, along with the lack of proper support mechanisms, continue to pose significant challenges. Peer and teacher stigmas often create an unwelcoming environment for transgender students, who may also feel excluded. Moreover, numerous higher education institutions lack the necessary policies and resources to accommodate transgender students, including gender-neutral facilities and mental health services. This research further elaborates on how the lack of specific educational policies addressing transgender inclusion contributes to their marginalization within academic settings. The research is based on an in-depth analysis of both governmental policies and the experiences of transgender individuals within Pakistani universities. Based on qualitative data such as interviews and surveys with transgender students, the study identifies some systemic issues within institutions, including the role of education in perpetuating or reducing social inequalities. The paper concludes by discussing the need for creating inclusive educational environments sensitive to the unique needs of transgender students. It provides policy recommendations aimed at improving access to higher education for transgender individuals, making higher education in Pakistan a space for equality and inclusion.
Exploring the Nexus of Wellbeing and Empowerment: A Multidimensional Approach
Authors: Mehwish Zulfiqar  , Ghazia Khoula  , Saif Ur Rahman
Published: December 2024

In the fields of business management, sociology, and psychology, the connection between wellbeing and empowerment has generated a lot of interest, especially with regard to individual and organizational performance. The complex connections between psychological and physical wellbeing and empowerment—which is defined as a person's degree of autonomy and control in both personal and professional contexts—are explored in this work. The aim of this article is to examine theoretical frameworks and empirical studies in order to determine the key characteristics of empowerment and well-being, their potential causal relationships, and the implications for fostering sustainable development in communities and organizations. According to this research, empowering people can enhance their social, psychological, and financial well-being by generating a positive feedback loop of performance and development.
Exploring Transactional Leadership on Construction Workers Intellectual Capital Effect: Knowledge Sharing as Mediator
Authors: Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Lahbar  , Haider Ali Shams  , Arshman Ahmed  , Sudhair Abbas Bangash  , Dr. Qasim Mansoor Jalali
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate, with eye on mediating function of knowledge sharing among construction workers, the association among transactional leadership and intellectual capital three dimensions. The study examines how transactional leadership, characterized by task-oriented guidance and performance-based rewards, influences the development of intellectual capital in construction organizations, particularly through the facilitation of knowledge sharing. The research follows a descriptive design with a causal model and is applied in terms of its purpose. It also employs a field research approach for data collection. The target population consists of employees from various construction companies. A sample size of 268 participants was determined, and data was gathered through a questionnaire, which was validated and tested for reliability before distribution. To analyze the data and examine the proposed relationships, SEM using LISREL software was employed. The findings of this study indicate that transactional leadership contributes to the enhancement of intellectual capital. Additionally, the impact of knowledge sharing serves as a mediator between transactional leadership and the various components of intellectual capital. These findings suggest that transactional leadership is essential for construction companies to promote knowledge exchange and intellectual capital growth. The research offers insightful information that can be useful to leaders in the construction sector who are looking to enhance performance by utilizing transaction leadership techniques that enhance knowledge sharing processes.
ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ДОЛИНЫ РЕКИ КЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Харипова Рашида , Торежанова Набира , Мякишева Ольга , Шергазынулы Мухамедгали , Суиндик Жангелди
Published: December 2024

Аннотация. В статье представлена история изучения Кегенской долины начиная с конца XIX века и до настоящего времени. Целью исследования является анализ опубликованных исследований, архивных источников, а так же сопоставление их с современными мaтеpиалами, для получения представления об уже изученных памятниках. Актуальностью историографического исследования является систематизация археологических материалов Кегенской долины.
Показаны результаты исследований памятников Кегенской долины, проведенные в 1979-2023 гг. археологической экспедиции Центрального государственного музея РК, вкупе с результатами более ранних исследований доказывающие, что памятник характеризуется особой уникальностью и редкостью: наслоением нескольких культурных и исторических пластов, включающих памятники от стоянок первобытных людей до памятников городской культуры средневековья. Новые археологические, этнографические, исторические и иные материалы, полученные в результате исследований памятников Кегенской долины, позволяют раскрыть особенности исторических процессов Жетысу в контексте освещения развития материальной, духовной культуры с глубокой древности (палеолит) до нового времени. В процессе работы особое внимание было уделено также учетной документации как музейного источника, отражающей историю формирования коллекций, а также и другие аспекты бытования предметов в музейных фондах.
Leadership’s Role in Overcoming Ethical Challenges: Implementing Islamic Business Ethics in the Palm Oil Industry
Authors: Raihan Raihan , M. Ambia M. Ambia
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the role of leadership in implementing Islamic business ethics at TBS Kelapa Sawit Mega Lestari, focusing on identifying challenges and strategies to overcome them. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, involving direct observations, semi-structured interviews with 10 key informants (comprising company leaders, field employees, and local farmers), and an analysis of documentation. Findings indicate that the successful implementation of Islamic business ethics—centered on fairness, honesty, transparency, and social responsibility—is heavily dependent on the leadership's ability to educate employees and establish ethically aligned partnerships. Key challenges identified include employees’ limited understanding of Islamic ethical principles and inconsistencies with partner companies not adhering to these values. To address these, the leadership implemented Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted quarterly to enhance awareness and introduced measures to collaborate with partners fully aligned with Islamic ethics. This study concludes that while notable progress has been made, continuous efforts are required to standardize ethical practices and foster a culture aligned with Islamic principles within the palm oil industry.
Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Future E-Commerce Landscape: Challenges & Advantages
Authors: Kumawat Priyank
Published: December 2024

The E-commerce landscape has seen a paradigm shift with an increasing demand for door- step delivery and even same day delivery. The convenience of shopping over a handheld mobile devise from the convenience of one’s preferred location is a major driver for the phenomenon growth, development, and expansion of online shopping. The COVID pandemic led lockdowns acted as catalysts expediting this expansion. But with this progress came the menace of rapid expansion of delivery trucks, vans, 3-wheelers, and 2-wheelers that increased not only the congestions within the cities but also added massively to the already deteriorating air quality. Pollution (both air and noise) and congestion, are the two immediate fallouts of the expansion in delivery fleet. This made the fleet owners and businesses turn to the obvious alternative – EVs or electrical vehicles that have the potential to not only cut down harmful emissions but also enhance financial and operational efficiencies. Modern businesses cannot help but improve efficiencies in order to sustain in an immensely competitive and dynamic business environment. This article adds to the literature on EVs and generates insight into the practicability of adopting EVs in the last mile logistics. It highlights that despite being both environment and pocket friendly, the benefits of economy and efficiency looks futile in the face of inadequate availability of charging infrastructure that heightens range anxiety.
The Effect of Administration of Centella asiatica (Pegagan) Leaf Extract on Clinical Outcomes of Adolescent Tuberculosis
Authors: Hakam Abdul , Yuniati Renni , Kosasih Enrique Vicenzo
Published: December 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) ranks among the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide. Indonesia stands third in Southeast Asia for the highest prevalence of TB cases. One of the adverse effects of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) is hepatotoxicity. Approximately 20% of patients treated with Isoniazid show elevated Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels in their plasma. Despite the direct efficacy of ATD in managing TB, hepatotoxicity necessitates discontinuation of drug administration, leading to complications such as Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica) contain alkaloids with antibacterial properties. Extracts from Pegagan leaves have been shown to enhance expression of Cluster of Differentiation (CD)4, CD8, and macrophages. Furthermore, this extract can increase cytokine production, including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Based on these premises, this study aims to investigate whether administration of Pegagan leaves extract significantly impacts levels of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), TNF-α, IFN-γ, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) in teenage TB patients.
CULTIVATION OF CHLORELLA SP. MICROALGAE ISOLATES WITH BIOMASS PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Shamaev Nikolai D. , Kuryntseva Polina A. , Selivanovskaya Svetlana Yu.
Published: December 2024

Green microalgae belong to a phyletic category of organisms that have adapted to a wide range of ecological conditions. This study explores a novel freshwater microalgae isolate, Chlorella sp. B1, as a potential platform for biomass production. The research evaluated the isolate’s ability to grow in mixotrophic media. The results reveal a relationship between growth rate and dynamic changes in biomass composition. The use of granulated forms of the fertilizer “Fertika Universal” as a nutrient medium significantly increased the optical density of the initial solution to 0.087, more than doubling the results compared to other conventional media and proving advantageous for industrial-scale cultivation. The study recommends using a reduced initial cell concentration of Chlorella sp. B1 in the inoculum, followed by cultivation at 32 °С with enhanced illumination (52 W) and the addition of 0.9 g/L of carbon dioxide for three days in a 500 mL flat-panel photobioreactor.
ORYOL FOREST PARKS AS THE BASIS OF THE ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK AND THEIR RECREATIONAL ASSESSMENT
Authors: Parakhina Elena A. , Kiseleva Ludmila L.
Published: December 2024

The level of urbanization is steadily increasing and has already surpassed 82 % in Central Russia. Urban ecosystems face environmental imbalances that can be mitigated through the use of green plants. Establishing an ecological framework plays a key role in addressing this issue. Natural ecosystems serve as the cores of the ecological framework. In urbanized areas, these cores may include urban forests, forest parks, and natural ecosystems forming green belts around cities. Using the city of Oryol as an example, the study highlights the significance of forest parks as the cores of the ecological framework and as areas of high phytodiversity, including rare and protected plant species. Monitoring studies of the forest parks forming Oryol’s green belt were conducted between 2016 and 2024. These studies analyzed vegetation and identified the floristic composition within these areas. Forest parks fulfill diverse ecological functions, including recreational purposes, which necessitated an assessment of their recreational load. The studied forest parks are in the second to third stages of recreational degradation, yet they possess high recreational potential. Scientifically informed urban planning that incorporates these suburban forests as cores of the city’s ecological framework will not only enhance the environmental quality of urbanized areas but also contribute to the conservation of biodiversity.
XENON’S MECHANISM OF ACTION AND APPLICATION, CORRECTION OF AUTISTIC-LIKE BEHAVIOR AND SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM IN RATS
Authors: Milutinovich Kseniya S.
Published: December 2024

Xenon, an inert gas, exhibits a wide range of effects on the human and animal body. In recent years, it has been utilized in various fields of medicine and has become the focus of numerous scientific studies. This work aims to summarize the available information on xenon. The primary mechanism of the gas’s action on the body is currently known to involve the reduction of NMDA receptor activity, which underpins most of its effects. Ongoing research into xenon’s mechanisms has revealed several kinase cascades that contribute to the gas’s protective properties. Additionally, xenon inhalation has been demonstrated to be effective as an anesthetic during surgeries, in organ transplantation, and in reducing pain syndromes. A novel application of this inert gas may be in addressing symptoms of psycho-neurodegenerative disorders, particularly autism. Patients with autism spectrum disorder are characterized by hyperexcitability, heightened anxiety, and impaired social interaction. Xenon inhalation has been shown to normalize autism-like behaviors in animal models of autism induced by valproate.
Propuesta de Utilización del Sistema Consolid para Minimizar Riesgos de deslizamiento en el Cerro Junín
Authors: Morán García Richard Eduardo , Cisneros Pérez Nelson Iván
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar el Sistema Consolid para reducir los riesgos de deslizamiento en el Cerro Junín, en Manabí, Ecuador. La zona presenta alta vulnerabilidad debido a factores geológicos y climáticos, afectando la seguridad de las comunidades y limitando el desarrollo económico. Se utilizó una metodología integral que incluyó análisis geotécnico, simulaciones de estabilidad y aplicación de productos CONSOLID 444 y SOLIDRY para estabilizar el suelo. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en la cohesión y reducción de la permeabilidad del suelo, reduciendo el riesgo de deslizamientos en un 70%. Las conclusiones indican que el Sistema Consolid es una solución técnica y económicamente viable, con beneficios a largo plazo para la seguridad comunitaria y la conservación ambiental. Además, este modelo es replicable en otras áreas vulnerables de la región, promoviendo una gestión de riesgos innovadora y sostenible.
Proceso salud - enfermedad en Latinoamérica. Perspectivas desde la Economía sanitaria, ambiental y ecológica
Authors: Salazar Cobeña Carolina Nicole , Ponce Alencastro Jhon Alexander
Published: December 2024

El proceso salud enfermedad es la unión de las influencias y determinantes sociales que se origina por determinantes biológicos, sociales, económicos, psicológicos, ecológicos, medio ambientales y de estilo de vida; cuya función es describir y explicar los cambios en el estado de la salud de una persona que interactúan positiva o negativamente sobre el estado de salud. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los determinantes del proceso salud enfermedad en Latinoamérica desde la perspectiva economía sanitaria, ambiental y ecológica. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática empleando la metodología PRISMA utilizando artículos científicos de los últimos 6 años disponibles en bases de datos como Scopus, Latindex, Scielo, Dialnet, Redalyc. Tras ejecutar el proceso de selección según los criterios de exclusión e inclusión se contó con la información relevante de 37 artículos científicos que contribuyeron a la argumentación y discusión teórica de los resultados. A partir del análisis crítico de las publicaciones científicas en el contexto latinoamericano, se obtuvo un documento actualizado y relevante sobre el proceso salud – enfermedad. Perspectivas desde la economía sanitaria, ambiental y ecológica.
Advancing Mitigation Strategies for AI-Driven Chatbots: Building Resilience Against Data Privacy Violations. A Follow-up Study
Authors: Giordani John
Published: December 2024

This study extends prior research on mitigating AI data poisoning risks in banking chatbots, emphasizing the development of dynamic defense strategies and advanced mitigation frameworks. This research explores the evolving threat landscape by employing grounded theory methodology and insights from IT professionals and end-users, incorporating practical applications to enhance chatbot resilience. Key findings highlight the integration of real-time anomaly detection, enhanced encryption techniques, and ethical AI governance frameworks to safeguard sensitive data and maintain consumer trust. The recommendations empower banking institutions to adopt robust strategies, aligning technological advancements with compliance and ethical standards.
Tobit Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Market Access on the Harvesting Yield of Long Coriander in Battambang, Cambodia
Authors: Darith Siek , Eav Lim Kim , Chihouy Yun , Bunhak Tha , Channy Leng , Chamroeun Din , Leanghuor Chea
Published: December 2024

Long Coriander, a highly valued leafy vegetable in Southeast Asia, is related to the coriander family. It enhances the flavor of common ingredients in Central and Southeast Asian cuisine and has a distinct coriander scent. Due to its strong market demand and recognized health benefits, it holds significant potential for small-scale producers in the Battambang region of Cambodia. To accomplish this research’s objectives, this study delves into the statistical significance of market access on harvesting yield, employing Tobit and stepwise regression analyses to identify key factors influencing the quantity of Long Coriander harvested by Battambang producers. By analyzing censored data, researchers aim to uncover the challenges faced by these producers in accessing markets and their impact on yield. The findings will inform targeted interventions to enhance market opportunities, discover effective development strategies for the economic sustainability of Long Coriander crop, improve producer livelihoods, and optimize production outcomes. Additionally, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of agricultural production factors in the region and provides a foundation for future studies on Long Coriander cultivation.
Education Management System in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Younas Muhammad Waqas , Talib Waqas , Hussain Mubbara , Rana Muhammad Talha , Rasheed Khurram , Umar Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Education, technology, and talent are essential and strategic foundations for the full growth of a socialist modernized nation, and gaining technological empowerment in education is a crucial method to advance equitable education. Recent advancements in information technology have facilitated the accumulation of pertinent data and resources in science and education. In this paper, we examine critical issues in the systematic management of these resources and explores their developmental trends, offering both theoretical insights and practical applications. This research examines the present state and challenges of managing research and education resources for the future generation of artificial intelligence (AI). This study systematically elaborates on a multi-dimensional and multi-level integrated “human machine interaction (HMI)” science and education resource management system from the perspectives of software definition paradigms and collaborative construction mechanisms, which incorporates “software-defined resource allocation knowledge system circulation evaluation”. The paper ultimately examines the developmental trajectory of science and education resource management to offer guidance and insight for the methodical establishment of such management at national or regional levels.
Books of 2024 – a disappointing year
Authors: Curry Stephen
Published: December 2024

With a handful of notable exceptions, my book reading in the past year has not been an altogether happy experience. Micro reviews on Twitter – click for a larger image on Flickr I worked my way through 18 titles in all, work being the operative verb in many cases. That low tally is about average for me, a cyclically unimpressive feat. My excuses are two-fold this year.
Ep 17 - Engineering Biology and the Public Trust: A Reflection on Transparency and Transformation
Authors: Titus Alexander
Published: December 2024

TL;DR: Engineering Biology and Public Trust

Engineering biology holds immense potential to transform society, addressing critical challenges in healthcare, sustainability, and industry.
Co-firing of contaminated willow biomass (Salix L.) with lignite in the energy production process
Authors: Urošević Jelena , Stanković Dragica , Trivan Goran , Jović Đorđe , Orlović Saša , Braunović Sonja , Jovanović Filip
Published: December 2024

The share of renewable energy sources (RES) in energy production processes is growing every day in many countries. Globally, there is a very pronounced tendency to eliminate fossil fuels for energy production, which are replaced by RES. The path to decarbonization involves the successive reduction of fossil fuels and their replacement by RES. One of the possibilities of using RES, which could be used in co-firing processes with coal, is biomass obtained from fast-growing woody species, such as poplars and willows. Willows, as effective hyperaccumulators of heavy metals, successfully remediate the soil, producing biomass that can be used in energy production, both independently and through co-firing with coal. The aim of this paper is to determine the energy potential of contaminated willow biomass, as well as to determine the most favourable type of willow that would be used to improve the calorific value of lignite in co-firing processes, in different percentage ratios. The biomass obtained from willows contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and As) is characterized by a higher calorific value than the value of the examined lignite samples. Two types of willows, basket willow (Salix viminalis) and white willow (S. alba), clone B-44, as well as three coal samples, sampled from three different locations in Kolubara Mining Basin, Elektroprivreda Srbije AD, were examined. The obtained results indicate the dependence of the calorific value of lignite on the coal deposit, while the calorific value of willow depends on the type of willow. White willow (clone B-44) has a higher energy potential than basket willow, and co-firing processes are economically justified, if lower percentage ratios (about 10%) of biomass were used.