bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Leading to Pharyngeal Perforation
Authors: Nasir Umair M. , Ahmed Ahmed , Panchal Dayna , Choi Catherine , Rodgers Brandon , Kutner Matthew , Ahlawat Sushil
Published: February 2020

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) had become the favored method to access the pancreaticobiliary system because it is a safer and less invasive method compared to surgery. However, as with any procedure, ERCP comes with its own risks and potential complications. We present a unique case of a patient who underwent ERCP and developed necrotizing infection of the neck and a submandibular abscess. The patient is a 66-year-old female who presented to an outside hospital with complaint of right upper quadrant abdominal pain, workup of which revealed choledocholithiasis. ERCP was attempted; however, cannulation was unsuccessful. The patient was discharged home after the procedure, but within 48 h she presented to our institution complaining of left-sided neck pain, dysphagia, and drooling. CT of the neck revealed extensive gas and fluid collections at the left submandibular space. The patient was taken to the operating room for drainage of the left neck abscess. Drainage and irrigation of the abscess yielded Streptococcus mitis and Hemophilus parainfluenza. The rest of patient’s hospital course was uncomplicated, and she was discharged with appropriate follow-up. In the case of our patient, ERCP was complicated by a perforation of the hypopharynx. Pharyngeal perforation can be subclassified into supraglottic and infraglottic. The most frequent cause of perforations is due to increased pressure in an intrinsically weak anatomical region of the pharynx. Such perforations are commonly due to the advancement of the endotracheal tube or transthoracic echo probe, but can also be due to advancement of an endoscope.
Amiodarone-Induced Acute Liver Injury
Authors: Essrani Rajesh , Mehershahi Shehriyar , Essrani Rajesh Kumar , Ravi Shri Jai Kirshan , Bhura Sajeer , Sudhakaran Anuraj , Hossain Muhammad , Mehmood Asif
Published: February 2020

Amiodarone is a lipophilic structure with a half-life of 25–100 days. Long-term oral amiodarone is associated with photosensitivity, thyroid dysfunction, and pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. Intravenous amiodarone can lead to sweating, heating sensation, nausea, phlebitis at the injection site, and rarely acute hepatitis. This is a compelling case of a 60-year-old male who developed acute liver injury 24–36 h after starting amiodarone. All the possible causes of acute liver injury were ruled out, and his liver enzymes improved after discontinuing amiodarone.
Using Chronobiological Phenotypes to Address Heterogeneity in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Gonzalez Robert , Gonzalez Suzanne D. , McCarthy Michael J.
Published: February 2020

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a neuropsychiatric mood disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in addition to disruptions in sleep, energy, appetite, and cognitive functions-rhythmic behaviors that typically change on daily cycles. BD symptoms can also be provoked by seasonal changes, sleep, and/or circadian disruption, indicating that chronobiological factors linked to the circadian clock may be a common feature in the disorder. Research indicates that BD exists on a clinical spectrum, with distinct subtypes often intersecting with other psychiatric disorders. This heterogeneity has been a major challenge to BD research and contributes to problems in diagnostic stability and treatment outcomes. To address this heterogeneity, we propose that chronobiologically related biomarkers could be useful in classifying BD into objectively measurable phenotypes to establish better diagnoses, inform treatments, and perhaps lead to better clinical outcomes. Presently, we review the biological basis of circadian time keeping in humans, discuss the links of BD to the circadian clock, and pre­sent recent studies that evaluated chronobiological measures as a basis for establishing BD phenotypes. We conclude that chronobiology may inform future research using other novel techniques such as genomics, cell biology, and advanced behavioral analyses to establish new and more biologically based BD phenotypes.
Retrospective Comparison between the Effects of Propofol and Inhalation Anesthetics on Postoperative Recurrence of Early- and Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Koo Bon-Wook , Lim Dae-Jin , Oh Ah-Young , Na Hyo-Seok
Published: February 2020

Objective: Previous studies have reported that propofol has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in addition to its anesthetic properties. To confirm this, a retrospective investigation was conducted to determine whether different anesthetic agents, particularly propofol and inhalation anesthetics, have an effect on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who were diagnosed with primary HCC and underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy. Subjects and Methods: Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages 0, A, and B HCC, who underwent laparoscopic hepatic resection, were enrolled in this study. Post­operative HCC recurrence, which was determined from postoperative liver CT, was evaluated 24 months postoperatively with respect to the main anesthetic agents. The characteristics of HCC and other patient-related or surgery-related variables were evaluated together. Results and Conclusion: During the 24-month period after hepatic resection, less HCC patients in the propofol group than in the inhalation group recurred (p = 0.046). The mean time to recurrence was 20.8 months (95% CI, 19.7–22.0) and 19.1 months (95% CI, 17.8–20.4) in the propofol group and the inhalation group, respectively. In addition, multivariable Cox proportional regression analysis revealed that the propofol group showed significantly decreased recurrence versus the inhalation group (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.47–0.69; p = 0.029). When propofol was used as the main general anesthetic agent for laparoscopic hepatic resection, the postoperative 2-year recurrence rate decreased in early- and intermediate-stage HCC.
Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism with Anosmia and Gorlin Features Caused by a PTCH1 Mutation Reveals a New Candidate Gene for Kallmann Syndrome
Authors: Barraud Sara , Delemer Brigitte , Poirsier-Violle Céline , Bouligand Jérôme , Mérol Jean-Claude , Grange Florent , Higel-Chaufour Brigitte , Decoudier Bénédicte , Zalzali Mohamad , Dwyer Andrew A. , Acierno James S , Pitteloud Nelly  , Millar Robert P. , Young Jacques
Published: February 2020

Background: Two loci (CHD7 and SOX10) underlying Kallmann syndrome (KS) were discovered through clinical and genetic analysis of CHARGE and Waardenburg syndromes, conditions that include congenital anosmia caused by olfactory bulb (CA/OBs) defects and congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). We hypothesized that other candidate genes for KS could be discovered by analyzing rare syndromes presenting with these signs. Study Design, Size, Duration: We first investigated a family with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) in which affected members exhibited clinical signs suggesting KS. Participants/Materials, Methods: Proband and family members underwent detailed clinical assessment. The proband received detailed neuroendocrine evaluation. Genetic analyses included sequencing the PTCH1 gene at diagnosis, followed by exome analyses of causative or candidate KS/CHH genes, in order to exclude contribution to the phenotypes of additional mutations. Exome analyses in additional 124 patients with KS/CHH probands with no additional GGS signs. Results: The proband exhibited CA, absent OBs on magnetic resonance imaging, and had CHH with unilateral cryptorchidism, consistent with KS. Pulsatile Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) therapy normalized serum gonadotropins and increased testosterone levels, supporting GnRH deficiency. Genetic studies revealed 3 affected family members harbor a novel mutation of PTCH1 (c.838G> T; p.Glu280*). This unreported nonsense deleterious mutation results in either a putative truncated Ptch1 protein or in an absence of translated Ptch1 protein related to nonsense mediated messenger RNA decay. This heterozygous mutation cosegregates in the pedigree with GGS and CA with OBs aplasia/hypoplasia and with CHH in the proband suggesting a genetic linkage and an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. No pathogenic rare variants in other KS/CHH genes cosegregated with these phenotypes. In additional 124 KS/CHH patients, 3 additional heterozygous, rare missense variants were found and predicted in silico to be damaging: p.Ser1203Arg, p.Arg1192Ser, and p.Ile108Met. Conclusion: This family suggests that the 2 main signs of KS can be included in GGS associated with PTCH1 mutations. Our data combined with mice models suggest that PTCH1 could be a novel candidate gene for KS/CHH and reinforce the role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in pathophysiology of KS and GnRH neuron migration.
Pituitary Stalk Enlargement in Adults
Authors: Hána Václav , Salenave Sylvie , Chanson Philippe
Published: February 2020

Pathologies involving the pituitary stalk (PS) are generally revealed by the presence of diabetes insipidus. The availability of MRI provides a major diagnostic contribution by enabling the visualization of the site of the culprit lesion, especially when it is small. However, when only an enlarged PS is found, the etiological workup may be difficult, particularly because the biopsy of the stalk is difficult, harmful and often not contributive. The pathological proof of the etiology thus needs to be obtained indirectly. The aim of this article was to provide an accurate review of the literature about PS enlargement in adults describing the differences between the numerous etiologies involved and consequent different diagnostic approaches. The etiological diagnostic procedure begins with the search for possible other lesions suggestive of histiocytosis, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis or other etiologies elsewhere in the body that could be more easily biopsied. We usually perform neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis CT scan; positron emission tomography scan; bone scan; or other imaging methods when we suspect generalized lesions. Measurement of serum markers such as human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, angiotensin converting enzyme, and IgG4 may also be helpful. Obviously, in the presence of an underlying carcinoma (particularly breast or bronchopulmonary), one must first consider a metastasis located in the PS. In the case of an isolated PS enlargement, simple monitoring, without histological proof, can be proposed (by repeating MRI at 3–6 months) with the hypothesis of a germinoma (particularly in a teenager or a young adult) that, by increasing in size, necessitates a biopsy. In contrast, a spontaneous diminution of the lesion is suggestive of infundibulo-neurohypophysitis. We prefer not to initiate steroid therapy to monitor the spontaneous course when a watch-and-see attitude is preferred. However, in many cases, the etiological diagnosis remains uncertain, requiring either close monitoring of the lesion or, in exceptional situations, trying to obtain definitive pathological evidence by a biopsy, which, unfortunately, is in most cases performed by the transcranial route. If a simple surveillance is chosen, it has to be very prolonged (annual surveillance). Indeed, progression of histiocytosis or germinoma may be delayed.
Reconciling State’s Sovereignty with Global Norms: Indonesia’s Quiet Diplomacy in Myanmar and the Feasibility of the Implementation of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Southeast Asia
Authors: Rosyidin Mohamad
Published: February 2020

In spite of optimistic views on the feasibility of the R2P operationalisation in Southeast Asia, reconciling global norms with regional principles is not an easy task given the cult of sovereignty that inhibits socialisation and implementation of R2P. Using the case study of Indonesia’s foreign policy implementation in Myanmar, this article demonstrates that asean’s (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) non-interference principle does not necessarily negate R2P norms. Indonesia’s approach in Myanmar reflects Pillar 2 of R2P which underlines the importance of equal sovereignty and the greater role of trusted partners. Indonesia’s preference to quiet diplomacy instead of naming and shaming or utilising sanctions is an effective way to open Myanmar’s resistance. At the same time, the pledge of Indonesia’s humanitarian aid to Rohingya refugees represents alternative instruments of Pillar3 aside from the use of force. This argument implies that intervention does not always require coercion against authoritarian regimes, as employed by the West for decades.
When Women Become the War Zone: the Use of Sexual Violence in Myanmar’s Military Operations
Authors: Ryan Sophie
Published: February 2020

This article draws together existing data and research on the organisation and structure of the Myanmar military (‘Tatmadaw’) and its use of sexual violence in military operations. It argues that from this data, a pattern emerges of rape-permissive military doctrines being employed by the same type of Tatmadaw units across multiple military operations, over many decades and sites. Unpacking each aspect of this posited pattern reveals an endemic rape culture within the Myanmar military that seems to be repeatedly utilised for strategic purposes in counter-insurgency operations. Investigating the potential origins of this rape-permissive culture, the article argues that Tatmadaw recruiting, training and deployment processes cultivate sexual violence as a permissible form of violence that is then tolerated by the Tatmadaw high command, most likely due to its efficacy in achieving its military strategies.
Continuing Violence and Atrocities in Rakhine since 2017: Beyond the Outrage, Failures of the International Community
Authors: Morada Noel M.
Published: February 2020

Two years since the arsa attacks and the military’s clearing operations in Rakhine, violence and continuing atrocities are being committed by the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Army) against the Rohingya and Arakanese civilians in Myanmar. This article examines the developments since August 2017 and the continuing failure of the international community to adequately respond to human rights violations and humanitarian needs of conflict-affected communities inside and outside of Myanmar. The article argues that despite the strong international outrage against the Tatmadaw’s atrocities, the international community’s failure to act springs from three main factors. First, the United Nations remains divided in response to the crisis as a result of ongoing systemic and structural deficiencies. Second, there is a lack of political will on the part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (asean) to collectively impose sanctions against an erring member. Finally, the ongoing full autonomy of the Tatmadaw to operate above the law and remain unaccountable for continuing atrocities in the country. Their autonomy is facilitated by a precarious democratic transition led by Aung San Suu Kyi who appears more concerned about domestic repercussions of giving in to international pressure than about her tarnished reputation as a human rights defender. This article details the ongoing humanitarian needs of affected communities within and outside the country.
Enduring Peace: a Case Study of the Opportunities and the Challenges for Engaging in Myanmar’s Peace Process
Authors: Arraiza José María , Davies Sara E.
Published: February 2020

In 2015, the Myanmar Government, the Myanmar Tatmadaw (military) and eight ethnic armed organisations (eaos) signed the 2015 National Ceasefire Agreement (nca). In 2019, this agreement was signed by three more eaos, and there have been four annual conferences (Union Peace Panglong Conference 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). The ceasefire arrangements, which are present primarily in Southeast Myanmar, have failed to make significant progress in key areas such as the provision of access to civil documents and land to returning refugees, displaced persons and conflict-affected communities. Violence has escalated in the last two years. It is not an exaggeration to say that Myanmar is at a critical juncture of transition. This article examines how the peace process is being communicated amongst different civil society organisations, international organisations, donor organisations, and government representatives in an area directly affected by the peace process. The article details the experiences of these participants exchanged in workshop in Mon State in July 2018. The exchanges during the workshop reveal a practical obstacles faced by civil society organisations, especially, in their attempt to support returnees. Many reported frustration with the implementation gap between promoting a peace process and providing for local enabling conditions that support peace. Specific barriers faced by civil society organisations, and in turn the communities they are seeking to help were threefold: information and communication barriers concerning the peace process; women’s fear and reluctance to seek services due to personal safety concerns, and the persistence of traditional gender norms which affects access to information.
A new species of genus Falsoibidion Pic, 1922 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) from Hubei, China
Authors: WANG PING , XIE GUANGLIN , WANG WENKAI
Published: February 2020

The genus Falsoibidion Pic, 1922 (Cerambycidae: Cerambyinae: Callidiopini) was established based on an Oriental species Falsoibidion fasciatum Pic, 1922 from Vietnam.
New seriated Amathia species in Japan, with a redescription of A. acervata Lamouroux, 1824 (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata)
Authors: HIROSE M. , GORDON D.P. , D’HONDT J.-L.
Published: February 2020

The status of seriated Amathia species (Bryozoa: Ctenostomata) in Japan is reviewed. Several historical specimens and materials recently collected from several localities along the Japanese coast are examined in this study. Amathia acervata Lamouroux, 1824, collected from Japan by Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius in 1804, was examined and is redescribed from a reconstituted fragment of the sole type specimen. Material previously reported from Wakayama Prefecture is very similar to Amathia acervata, but differs in having fewer autozooid pairs per cluster, which spiral in different directions; the species is described as a new species Amathia brevisilva n. sp. Measurements of colony characters vary according to the effects of fixation, but stolon length, the ratio of autozooid clusters on stolons, spirality and pigmentation are useful characters for the identification of Japanese seriated Amathia. In addition, two new species are described, Amathia reptopinnata n. sp. and Amathia fimbria n. sp. Amathia reptopinnata n. sp. is characterized by its robust form, dark colour, dichotomous branching, long stolons, long autozooidal clusters and pinnately arranged prostrate zooids. Amathia fimbria n. sp. was found only in the Showa Emperor collection, and is characterized by its compact colony form, remarkably short internode length and trichotomous branching.
Strengthened Relationships of Northwest China Wintertime Precipitation with ENSO and Midlatitude North Atlantic SST since the Mid-1990s
Authors: Yin Xiaoxue , Zhou Lian-Tong
Published: February 2020

The present study investigates the interdecadal changes in the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and midlatitude North Atlantic (MNA) sea surface temperature (SST) with northwest China (NWC) winter precipitation (WP) variability and the plausible causes. Results show that ENSO and MNA SST have weak correlations with NWC WP before the mid-1990s, whereas the connections are enhanced sharply afterward, with above (below) normal precipitation occuring when there are positive (negative) ENSO SST and negative (positive) MNA SST anomalies (SSTA). Remarkable differences are found in the atmospheric circulations. After the mid-1990s, there is a pronounced Pacific–North American–Eurasian (PNA-EU)-like pattern in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas an Arctic Oscillation–like pattern is found before the mid-1990s. The change in the relationships between NWC WP and SSTs is likely attributable to the enhanced connection between ENSO and MNA SST after the mid-1990s. It is found that ENSO and MNA SSTA can cause NWC WP variation independently through atmospheric teleconnections. In addition, significant precipitation anomalies also occur when concurrent but oppositely signed SSTs anomalies in the two regions are observed. The reinforced negative correlations between ENSO and MNA SST after the mid-1990s act in concert on NWC WP by exciting a PNA-EU-like pattern. This information would help us to better understand the physical processes of the teleconnections between NWC WP variability and the ENSO/MNA SST, in which the strength of the correlation between ENSO and MNA SST should be taken into account.
The Role of Tropical Mean-State Biases in Modeled Winter Northern Hemisphere El Niño Teleconnections
Authors: Ferrett Samantha , Collins Matthew , Ren Hong-Li , Wu Bo , Zhou Tianjun
Published: February 2020

The role of tropical mean-state biases in El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections in the winter Northern Hemisphere is examined in coupled general circulation models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The main North Pacific teleconnection pattern, defined here by the strengths of the anomalous Kuroshio anticyclone and North Pacific cyclone, is linked to two anomalous Rossby wave sources that occur during El Niño: a negative source over East Asia and a positive source to the west of the North Pacific. Errors in the teleconnection pattern in models are associated with spatial biases in mean atmospheric ascent and descent and the strength of the corresponding forcing of Rossby waves via suppressed or enhanced El Niño precipitation responses in the tropical western North Pacific (WNP) and the equatorial central Pacific (CP). The WNP El Niño precipitation response is most strongly linked to the strength of the Kuroshio anticyclone and the CP El Niño precipitation response is most strongly linked to the strength of the North Pacific cyclone. The mean state and corresponding El Niño precipitation response can have seemingly distinct biases. A bias in the WNP does not necessarily correspond to a bias in the CP, suggesting that improvement of biases in both tropical WNP and equatorial CP regions should be considered for an accurate teleconnection pattern.
Performance of Multiple Satellite Precipitation Estimates over a Typical Arid Mountainous Area of China: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Extremes
Authors: Chen Cheng , Li Zhe , Song Yina , Duan Zheng , Mo Kangle , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Qiuwen
Published: February 2020

Precipitation in arid mountainous areas is characterized by low rainfall intensity and large spatial heterogeneity, which challenges satellite-based monitoring by the spaceborne sensors. This study aims to comparatively evaluate the detection ability of spatiotemporal patterns and extremes of rainfall by a range of mainstream satellite precipitation products [TMPA, Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS), and PERSIANN–Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR)] over a typical arid mountainous basin of China, benchmarking against rain gauge data from 2000 to 2015. Results showed that satellite precipitation estimates had relatively low accuracy at the daily scale, while a significant improvement of correlation coefficient (CC; >0.6) and a significant reduction of relative root-mean-square error (RRMSE; <1.0) were found as time scale increases beyond the monthly scale. CHIRPS tended to overestimate the gauge precipitation with positive relative bias (RB), while the negative RB values for TMPA and PERSIANN-CDR indicated there was an underestimation. CHIRPS had the most similar spatial pattern and slope trends of the seasonal precipitation and interannual variations of annual precipitation with gauge observations. With the increase in rainfall rates, the probability of detection (POD) and critical success index (CSI) were reduced and the false alarm ratio (FAR) was increased significantly, demonstrating the limited capability for all the three satellite products for detecting heavy rainfall events. CHIRPS showed the best performance in detecting rainfall extremes compared to TMPA and PERSIANN-CDR, evidenced by the larger CSI values and similar extreme rainfall indices obtained from gauge records. This study provides valuable guidance for choosing satellite precipitation products instead of gauge observations for rainfall monitoring (especially rainfall extremes) and agricultural production management over arid mountainous area.
Precipitation Processes and Vortex Alignment during the Intensification of a Weak Tropical Cyclone in Moderate Vertical Shear
Authors: Rogers Robert F. , Reasor Paul D. , Zawislak Jonathan A. , Nguyen Leon T.
Published: February 2020

The mechanisms underlying the development of a deep, aligned vortex, and the role of convection and vertical shear in this process, are explored by examining airborne Doppler radar and deep-layer dropsonde observations of the intensification of Hurricane Hermine (2016), a long-lived tropical depression that intensified to hurricane strength in the presence of moderate vertical wind shear. During Hermine’s intensification the low-level circulation appeared to shift toward locations of deep convection that occurred primarily downshear. Hermine began to steadily intensify once a compact low-level vortex developed within a region of deep convection in close proximity to a midlevel circulation, causing vorticity to amplify in the lower troposphere primarily through stretching and tilting from the deep convection. A notable transition of the vertical mass flux profile downshear of the low-level vortex to a bottom-heavy profile also occurred at this time. The transition in the mass flux profile was associated with more widespread moderate convection and a change in the structure of the deep convection to a bottom-heavy mass flux profile, resulting in greater stretching of vorticity in the lower troposphere of the downshear environment. These structural changes in the convection were related to a moistening in the midtroposphere downshear, a stabilization in the lower troposphere, and the development of a mid- to upper-level warm anomaly associated with the developing midlevel circulation. The evolution of precipitation structure shown here suggests a multiscale cooperative interaction across the convective and mesoscale that facilitates an aligned vortex that persists beyond convective time scales, allowing Hermine to steadily intensify to hurricane strength.
(Ancora) un’altra faccia del verismo: Self-reflexivity nella narrativa capuaniana
Authors: Zuccala Brian
Published: February 2020

Il saggio, che ha ispirato e complementato la preparazione di una più ampia monografia in lingua inglese, di prossima pubblicazione, prova ad affrontare la questione, prima facie ossimorica, della autoriflessività nell’opera narrativa di Luigi Capuana, tema (relativamente) poco considerato nell’ambito della capuanistica. Si adotta qui una metodologia ibrida, che combina close reading di alcuni testi capuaniani ad una prima formulazione di distant reading di alcune macro-tendenze individuabili nella sua produzione complessiva, critica e narrativa. Dopo avere introdotto la cornice metodologico-terminologica legata all’autoriflessività, la prima parte del contributo illustra come le istanze di metafiction, metanarration e metareference non si limitino alla produzione narrativa tarda. Al contrario, questi fenomeni meta-artistici, seppure a intermittenza, si rivelano essere parte integrante dell’opera capuaniana sin dagli esordi. Tale “lettura distante” della componente autoriflessiva in Capuana narratore consente di far luce sulla maniera tutt’altro che casuale in cui, in Capuana, narrativa e produzione critica si combinano sul piano cronologico.
Organization change failure, deep structures and temporality: Appreciating Wonderland
Authors: Heracleous Loizos , Bartunek Jean
Published: February 2020

Organization change failure has typically been viewed as occurring when expected outcomes of change have not been met. This view downplays key, but frequently hidden organizational dimensions such as deep structures and temporality. In this article, drawing inspiration from the story of Alice in Wonderland, we distinguish between surface-level intervention approaches to change, deeper process approaches and, deeper yet, structuration approaches, and suggest the different ways they approach change failure as well as the implications of these. On the basis of our exploration we propose a three-fold way forward: adopting a process-based, empirically grounded and reflective approach to understanding change and its often-failed outcomes; adopting methodologies that can capture deep structures and temporal dimensions; and incorporating expanded conceptions of time as a multi-level, nested construct. We illustrate our ideas of deep structures and temporality by drawing from a particularly important illustration of long-term successful change that includes multiple short-term failures, that of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States (NASA).
Baseball Players’ Eye Movements and Higher Coincident-Timing Task Performance
Authors: Tochikura Ikumi , Sato Daisuke , Imoto Daiki , Nuruki Atsuo , Yamashiro Koya , Funada Ren , Maruyama Atsuo
Published: February 2020

Previous studies have reported that baseball players have higher than average visual information processing abilities and outstanding motor control. The speed and position of the baseball and the batter are constantly changing, leading skilled players to acquire highly accurate visual information processing and decision-making. This study sought to clarify how movement of the eyes is associated with baseball players’ higher coincident-timing task performance. We recruited 15 right-handed baseball players and 15 age-matched track and field athletes. On a computer-based coincident-timing task, we instructed participants to stop a computer image of a moving target by pressing a button at a designated point. We presented bidirectional moving targets with various velocities, presented in a random order. The targets’ moving angular velocity varied between 100, 83, 71, 63, 56, 50, and 46 deg/s. We conducted 168 repetitions (42 reps × 4 sets) of this coincident-timing task and measured participants’ eye movements during the task using Pupil Centre Corneal Reflection. Mixed-design analysis of variance results revealed participant group effects in favor of baseball players for timing absolute error and low absolute error, as predicted from prior visual processing and decision-making research with baseball players. However, in contrast to prior research, we found significantly shorter smooth-pursuit onset latency in elite baseball players, and there were no significant group differences for saccade onset and offset latencies. This may be explained by the difference in our research paradigm with mobile targets randomly presented at various velocities from the left and right. Our data showed baseball players’ higher than normal simultaneous timing execution for making decisions and movements based on visual information, even under laboratory conditions with randomly moving mobile targets.
Developing Online Engineering Courses: A Resource Kit for Collaboration Between Faculty and Instructional Designers
Authors: Hsu Hui-Ching Kayla
Published: February 2020

The rise of online courses has created an ongoing demand for instructional designers in higher education. Collaboration between faculty and instructional designers in developing online engineering courses has therefore increased. Potential challenges during the collaboration can be addressed when faculty and instructional designers have a mutual understanding of instructional design principles. This article provides a resource kit that contains a synthesis of online learning theories and examples collected from online engineering courses. These examples can help create a course design that recognizes students’ cognitive load and provides meaningful interactions.
Genre Uptake as Boundary-Work: Reasoning About Uptake in Wikipedia Articles
Authors: Cooke Ana
Published: February 2020

The circulation of scientific and technical genres in online publics can shape both public opinion and policy deliberation about issues such as global warming. While rhetoric and professional writing scholarship has documented the myriad ways that genres are transformed as they circulate across discursive boundaries, few examine how argument shapes those transformation and circulations. Drawing on Gieryn’s concept of boundary-work, this article analyzes arguments in the discussion pages of Wikipedia articles about global warming to document how editors argue about genre as they deliberate over what counts as reliable sources of global warming knowledge. This analysis demonstrates how argument mediates genre uptake and circulation. In doing so, it helps account for how technical and scientific genres circulate in contemporary online publics.
Ecological correlates contributing to reporting of school delinquency among Caribbean adolescents
Authors: Kim Jeongsuk , Gentle-Genitty Carolyn , Kim Jangmin
Published: February 2020

Many studies have examined significant factors associated with school delinquency among adolescents, including relationship violence, property damage, and other serious threats to students’ safety. However, students’ coping behaviors after being victims of or witnesses to violence and other forms of delinquency have not been thoroughly examined. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying significant factors at the individual, family, and school levels that affect 226 Caribbean students’ actual reporting of school delinquency to school personnel. The data for this study were obtained from the Caribbean Youth Violence Survey, which studied middle and high school students in five Caribbean countries. The findings of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that female students were more likely than male students to report delinquent behaviors. Family cohesion and family disorganization significantly decreased students’ reporting behaviors after they experienced or witnessed school delinquency. On the other hand, school bonding significantly increased students’ reporting behaviors. This paper concludes with practical implications and future research agendas for developing a comprehensive mechanism to address the dynamics of multidimensional factors that influence students’ active coping behaviors for dealing with school delinquency.
Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
Authors: Chae Sena , Oh Hyunkyoung , Moorhead Sue
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize recent literature that used NANDA International diagnoses, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) to determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions and cost-analysis and to identify the direction for future effectiveness research using standardized nursing terminologies (SNTs). A search was performed using the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and KoreaMed, covering the period from 2003 to 2018. A total 267 articles were identified, and 24 articles were analyzed for this review. Eighteen studies evaluated the effectiveness of nursing interventions based on outcomes, and of those 18 studies, four examined the effectiveness based on the development of NNN linkages. Six studies analyzed the cost of nursing interventions. Integrating SNTs into electronic health records (EHRs), developing NNN linkages, and further effectiveness studies using SNTs are required to determine the value of nursing care to improve patient outcomes.
Social transformation and postcapitalist possibility: Emerging dialogues between practice theory and diverse economies
Authors: Schmid Benedikt , Smith Thomas SJ
Published: February 2020

While practice theories and diverse economy approaches are widely employed by human geographers, the two literatures have developed in parallel, rather than in dialogue. This article argues that this has constrained understandings of postcapitalist social change and traces an emerging theoretical conversation between these traditions. It outlines the potential of scholarly engagement with what we term ‘diverse practices’, especially when discussing the scalar possibilities and constraints of community activism. By grounding diverse economic scholarship in practice-theoretical conceptions of power, politics, and scale, the article proposes a materialisation of postcapitalist possibility and explores the barriers and facilitators of transformative geographies.
Quality of Element-Level Bridge Inspection Data
Authors: Washer Glenn A. , Hammed Mohammad M. , Jensen Paul , Connor Robert J.
Published: February 2020

Bridge inspection results provide input for several important functions such as maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation, bridge load capacity ratings, truck load routing/permitting, and future safety/condition predictions. As a result, the quality and reliability of inspection data are important for bridge management and to ensure the safety and serviceability of bridges. Element-level data collection has been required nationwide for bridges on the National Highway System since 2014, and therefore is relatively new to some bridge owners. The objective of the research reported here was to assess the quality of element-level bridge inspection data by comparing bridge inspection results between different bridge inspectors assessing the same bridges. This paper reports results from two research studies completed to collect data on the quality (i.e., variability) of element-level inspection data. Results of field trials indicated that there was significant variability in the data for bridge elements reported in the study. Based on these data, the element-level inspection results were widely dispersed—the smallest coefficient of variation calculated from the current studies was 18%, but typical values were found to be greater than 50% in most cases, and often greater than 100%. These data provide examples from a series of field trials that illustrate the need for improving the quality of element-level inspections to ensure the reliability of the data provided.
Pathogenesis and Development of Patellar Tendon Fibrosis in a Rabbit Overuse Model
Authors: Liu Haitao , Gao Feng , Liang Xiaotian , Chen Xiaolan , Qu Yi , Wang Lin
Published: February 2020

Background:

The pathogenesis of patellar tendon fibrosis caused by overuse remains unclear. In an effort to further investigate effective treatments for patellar tendon fibrosis attributed to overuse, it is necessary to construct a reliable animal model.

Purpose:

A rabbit patellar tendon fibrosis model was developed with the use of electrical stimulation to induce jumping. The pathogenesis and development of patellar tendon fibrosis were subsequently investigated with this model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 32 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into a jumping group and a control group. Rabbits in the control group did not receive any treatment, while those in the jumping group jumped 150 times daily, 5 days per week. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment, the patellar tendons of 4 rabbits from each group were harvested and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The influence of jumping training on the expressions of histology- and fibrosis-related factors in the patellar tendon was assessed.

Results:

The histological changes of patellar tendon fibrosis in the jumping group were most pronounced at 4 weeks. When compared with the control group at corresponding time points, the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, CTGF, COL-I, and COL-III were upregulated significantly in the patellar tendon after jumping training for 4 weeks ( P < .05). Intragroup comparison at different time points indicated that the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, COL-I, and COL-III were the highest at 4 weeks in the jumping group ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

It was found that patellar tendon fibrosis occurred because of overuse and the peak changes occurred at 4 weeks. Jumping load increased the secretions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the patellar tendon, with CTGF upregulation and higher synthesis of COL-I and COL-III, which were considered the pathogenesis of fibrosis.

Clinical Relevance:

This study simulated the effects of jumping load on tendon fibrosis at different time points. Moreover, the time course relationship between jumping training and patellar tendon fibrosis in the rabbit model was determined, which provided a new animal model for the study of patellar tendon fibrosis.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Adult Circulatory Shock: A Systematic Review
Authors: Varis Elina , Pettilä Ville , Wilkman Erika
Published: February 2020

Background:

Circulatory shock affects every third patient in intensive care units and is associated with high mortality. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) could serve as a means for monitoring tissue perfusion in circulatory shock.

Purpose:

To assess the evidence of NIRS monitoring in circulatory shock, we conducted a systematic review of the literature.

Methods:

The study protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and EBM Reviews databases. The reference lists of included articles, last volumes of key journals, and NIRS monitor manufacturers’ webpages were searched manually. Two reviewers independently selected included studies. The quality of studies was assessed. The qualitative synthesis was guided by 3 questions: First, does NIRS monitoring improve patient-centered outcomes in adult circulatory shock patient? Second, do NIRS-derived parameters predict patient-centered outcomes, such as mortality and organ dysfunction, and third, does NIRS monitoring give additional information to guide treatment decisions?

Main Results:

Eighteen observational studies with 927 patients were included. Because of considerable clinical heterogeneity of the data, we were not able to perform a meta-analysis. Also, due to lack of randomized controlled trials, the first review question could not be answered. Based on the current review, baseline tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) however seems to predict mortality and identify patients with most severe forms of circulatory shock.

Conclusions:

Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived StO2 can predict mortality in circulatory shock, but high-quality data on the impact of NIRS monitoring are lacking. Furthermore, the marked heterogeneity of the studies makes combining the results of individual studies difficult. Standardization of methodology and clinical randomized trials are needed before wider clinical use.
Effects of Intervention Characteristics on Willingness to Initiate a Weight Gain Prevention Program
Authors: McVay Megan A. , Donahue Marissa L. , Cheong JeeWon , Bacon Joseph , Perri Michael G. , Ross Kathryn M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To determine characteristics of weight gain prevention programs that facilitate engagement.

Design:

Randomized factorial experiment (5 × 2).

Setting:

Recruited nationally online.

Participants:

Adults aged 18 to 75 with body mass index ≥25 who decline a behavioral weight loss intervention (n = 498).

Measures:

Participants were randomly presented with one of 10 possible descriptions of hypothetical, free weight gain prevention programs that were all low dose and technology-based but differed in regard to 5 behavior change targets (self-weighing only; diet only; physical activity only; combined diet, physical activity, and self-weighing; or choice between diet, physical activity, and self-weighing targets) crossed with 2 financial incentive conditions (presence or absence of incentives for self-monitoring). Participants reported willingness to join the programs, perceived program effectiveness, and reasons for declining enrollment.

Analysis:

Logistic regression and linear regression to test effects of program characteristics offered on willingness to initiate programs and programs’ perceived effectiveness, respectively. Content analyses for open-ended text responses.

Results:

Participants offered the self-weighing-only programs were more willing to initiate than those offered the programs targeting all 3 behaviors combined (50% vs 36%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-3.13). Participants offered the programs with financial incentives were more willing to initiate (50% vs 33%; OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.44-2.99) and anticipated greater intervention effectiveness (β = .34, P = .02) than those offered no financial incentives. Reasons for declining to initiate included specific program features, behavior targets, social aspects, and benefits.

Conclusion:

Targeting self-weighing and providing financial incentives for self-monitoring may result in greater uptake of weight gain prevention programs.

Study Preregistration:

https://osf.io/b9zfh , June 19, 2018.
Development of a Wellness Committee Implementation Index for Workplace Health Promotion Programs in Small Businesses
Authors: Brown Meagan C. , Harris Jeffrey R. , Hammerback Kristen , Kohn Marlana J. , Parrish Amanda T. , Chan Gary K. , Ornelas India J. , Helfrich Christian D. , Hannon Peggy A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

To construct a wellness committee (WC) implementation index and determine whether this index was associated with evidence-based intervention implementation in a workplace health promotion program.

Design:

Secondary data analysis of the HealthLinks randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Small businesses assigned to the HealthLinks plus WC study arm.

Sample:

Small businesses (20-200 employees, n = 23) from 6 low-wage industries in King County, Washington.

Measures:

Wellness committee implementation index (0%-100%) and evidence-based intervention implementation (0%-100%).

Analysis:

We used descriptive and bivariate statistics to describe worksites’ organizational characteristics. For the primary analyses, we used generalized estimating equations with robust standard errors to assess the association between WC implementation index and evidence-based intervention implementation over time.

Results:

Average WC implementation index scores were 60% at 15 months and 38% at 24 months. Evidence-based intervention scores among worksites with WCs were 27% points higher at 15 months (64% vs 37%, P < .001) and 36% points higher at 24 months (55% vs 18%, P < .001). Higher WC implementation index scores were positively associated with evidence-based intervention implementation scores over time ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Wellness committees may play an essential role in supporting evidence-based intervention implementation among small businesses. Furthermore, the degree to which these WCs are engaged and have leadership support, a set plan or goals, and multilevel participation may influence evidence-based intervention implementation and maintenance over time.