bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Encoding and decoding of several optimal rank metric codes
Authors: Kadir Wrya K. , Li Chunlei , Zullo Ferdinando
Published: April 2022

This paper presents encoding and decoding algorithms for several families of optimal rank metric codes whose codes are in restricted forms of symmetric, alternating and Hermitian matrices. First, we show the evaluation encoding is the right choice for these codes and then we provide easily reversible encoding methods for each family. Later unique decoding algorithms for the codes are described. The decoding algorithms are interpolation-based and can uniquely correct errors for each code with rank up to ⌊(d− 1)/2⌋ in polynomial-time, wheredis the minimum distance of the code.
Backbone and side chain resonance assignment of the intrinsically disordered human DBNDD1 protein
Authors: Wiedemann Christoph , Obika Kingsley Benjamin , Liebscher Sandra , Jirschitzka Jan , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Bordusa Frank
Published: April 2022

The dysbindin domain-containing protein 1 (DBNDD1) is a conserved protein among higher eukaryotes whose structure and function are poorly investigated so far. Here, we present the backbone and side chain nuclear magnetic resonance assignments for the human DBNDD1 protein. Our chemical-shift based secondary structure analysis reveals the human DBNDD1 as an intrinsically disordered protein.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Sulfamethoxazole Detection
Authors: Kurç Önder , Türkmen Deniz
Published: April 2022

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a sulfonamide antibiotic primarily used to treat urinary tract infections and used in veterinary and industrialized husbandry to treat diseases and food additives. Like other antibiotics, SMX is considered as a pollutant in water and food that threaten local life. This study developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip that is fast, highly selective, and reusable, and requires no pretreatment for detecting SMX. As a receptor, SMX imprinted methacrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate polymer [poly(MAA-HEMA-EGDMA)] was used. The surface of the gold SPR chips was coated with a drop-casting method. The nanofilm coated chips were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometer, contact angle measurement, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Imprinting factor (IF) was calculated as: ΔR[MIP(molecularly imprinted polymers)]/ΔR[NIP(non-imprinted)]=12/3.5=3.4. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were calculated with 3 s/m and 10 s/m methods, and the results were found to be 0.001 1 µg/L for LOD 0.003 4 µg/L for LOQ. Adsorption studies on both standard SMX solution and commercial milk samples were applied. Also, we investigated the developed chip’s reusability, storability, and selectivity with amoxicillin and cefalexin.
Some approximation results for mild solutions of stochastic fractional order evolution equations driven by Gaussian noise
Authors: Fahim K. , Hausenblas E. , Kovács M.
Published: April 2022

We investigate the quality of space approximation of a class of stochastic integral equations of convolution type with Gaussian noise. Such equations arise, for example, when considering mild solutions of stochastic fractional order partial differential equations but also when considering mild solutions of classical stochastic partial differential equations. The key requirement for the equations is a smoothing property of the deterministic evolution operator which is typical in parabolic type problems. We show that if one has access to nonsmooth data estimates for the deterministic error operator together with its derivative of a space discretization procedure, then one obtains error estimates in pathwise Hölder norms with rates that can be read off the deterministic error rates. We illustrate the main result by considering a class of stochastic fractional order partial differential equations and space approximations performed by spectral Galerkin methods and finite elements. We also improve an existing result on the stochastic heat equation.
Parallel Evaluation of Chebyshev Approximations: Applications in Astrodynamics
Authors: Atallah Ahmed M. , Younes Ahmad Bani
Published: April 2022

Approximations based on Chebyshev polynomials have several astrodynamic applications. The performance of these approximations can be improved by parallel implementations exploiting parallel architectures, such as OpenMP and CUDA. In this paper, we introduce the parallel implementation to two astrodynamic applications. The first is the gravitational finite element model (FEM): a piecewise Chebyshev approximation that replaces high degree and order gravitational spherical harmonic models (SHMs). Thus, much lower degree, locally valid functions can efficiently model and compute local gravity perturbations in parallel structure for efficient performance. For this model, the total gravity acceleration is split into a reference and disturbance term. The reference includes two-body plus $$J_2$$

J
2

, which are relatively cheap to compute. The FEM approximates the higher-order gravity terms. It is developed from a 2D mesh grid covering a sphere of a specified radius, and a family of spherical shells is sampled using a cosine distribution in the radial direction. To reduce the required memory when seeking a specific accuracy, an adaptive version of the gravitational FEM is introduced. In addition, a parallel implementation of the FEM using OpenMP is preseneted. We show the runtime comparison for the 200 degree × 200 order EGM2008 SHM and the serial and parallel equivalent FEM algorithms. The other application is the Chebyshev-Picard method (CPM): a numerical integrator that solves an ordinary differential equation by approximating the integrand using a Chebyshev approximant and iterates over the trajectory via Picard iteration. A parallel CUDA implementation of the CPM method in conjunction with the EGM2008 SHM and the FEM is introduced. We present numerical examples for propagating four Earth-orbiting satellites considering both the $$200\times 200$$

200
×
200

EGM2008 SHM and the equivalent FEM representation to test the algorithm’s performance via parallel and serial computation (i.e., a single CPU thread).
Reduced order and surrogate models for gravitational waves
Authors: Tiglio Manuel , Villanueva Aarón
Published: April 2022

We present an introduction to some of the state of the art in reduced order and surrogate modeling in gravitational-wave (GW) science. Approaches that we cover include principal component analysis, proper orthogonal (singular value) decompositions, the reduced basis approach, the empirical interpolation method, reduced order quadratures, and compressed likelihood evaluations. We divide the review into three parts: representation/compression of known data, predictive models, and data analysis. The targeted audience is practitioners in GW science, a field in which building predictive models and data analysis tools that are both accurate and fast to evaluate, especially when dealing with large amounts of data and intensive computations, are necessary yet can be challenging. As such, practical presentations and, sometimes, heuristic approaches are here preferred over rigor when the latter is not available. This review aims to be self-contained, within reasonable page limits, with little previous knowledge (at the undergraduate level) requirements in mathematics, scientific computing, and related disciplines. Emphasis is placed on optimality, as well as the curse of dimensionality and approaches that might have the promise of beating it. We also review most of the state of the art of GW surrogates. Some numerical algorithms, conditioning details, scalability, parallelization and other practical points are discussed. The approaches presented are to a large extent non-intrusive (in the sense that no differential equations are invoked) and data-driven and can therefore be applicable to other disciplines. We close with open challenges in high dimension surrogates, which are not unique to GW science.
179 Safety and Feasibility of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Peyronie's Disease: Update From a Single-center Double-blind Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: Chu K. , Masterson T. , Efimenko I. , Molina M. , Saltzman R. , Ibrahim E. , Ramasamy R.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Peyronie's Disease (PD) is prevalent in approximately 7.1% of the general population. Current treatment approaches include medical therapy and surgical intervention, and intervention only occurs once the disease process has entered the chronic, stable phase. The only FDA-approved medical therapy involves use of intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection and surgical interventions include tunica albuginea plication, plaque excision without grafting, or placement of penile prothesis. Additional PD therapies are needed as current treatment modalities have limited efficacy and considerable side effects. Platelet-derived therapies have seen increased use across various specialties in medicine, especially in orthopedics, due to their potential ability in wound healing and tissue regeneration. As calcified scar plaques are frequently identified in PD patients, autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) may prove to be a viable treatment for this patient population.

Objective

We reviewed an initial series of patients receiving PRP vs placebo for PD to assess safety and feasibility among men recruited in a double-blind placebo controlled single-center clinical trial.

Methods

We reviewed data for men recruited into the clinical trial treated with PRP vs placebo at our center from April 2021 to July 2021. Patients were observed immediately post-injection and at follow-up for complications and tolerability. Where applicable, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores were reviewed before and after injections for PD.

Results

We report data from the men who have completed 2 completed injections (PRP or placebo). No post-procedural minor adverse events were seen in any of the men. None of them reported adverse effects such as penile bruising, swelling, edema, allergy, penile fracture, or mild pain at injection site. No patients experienced complications at follow-up. No worsening curvature was observed in men completing pre/post evaluations.

Conclusions

PRP appears to be a safe and feasible treatment modality in patients with PD from our limited data accumulated thus far in our ongoing randomized placebo-controlled trial with PRP for PD. Our study is the first study in the USA accruing men with PRP for PD and believe that safety and efficacy data accumulated from our study will be important for patient counseling.

Disclosure

No
Le contrôle excessif dans le contexte des violences basées sur l’honneur au Québec : Analyse juridique et jurisprudentielle d’une violence genrée
Authors: Jimenez Estibaliz
Published: April 2022

Le contrôle excessif est considéré par différents organismes communautaires et institutions du Québec comme une des représentations des violences basées sur l’honneur (VBH) au même titre que les mariages forcés, les mutilations génitales féminines (MGF) et les violences physiques ou psychologiques. En 2016, pour la première fois, le législateur québécois a ajouté le contrôle excessif à la liste des mauvais traitements psychologiques explicitement reconnus par la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ). Toutefois, aucune définition juridique, jurisprudentielle, politique ou même doctrinale du contrôle excessif n’accompagne cette reconnaissance juridique. Pourtant, il existe, sur le terrain et dans différentes décisions judiciaires, des situations où l’existence du contrôle excessif est reconnue par divers intervenants du système. L’objectif du présent article est d’appréhender le phénomène du contrôle excessif à partir, d’abord, d’un examen doctrinal et juridique, autant fédéral que provincial, concernant les VBH en général, et ensuite, d’une analyse jurisprudentielle des décisions de la Chambre de la Jeunesse de la Cour du Québec associées particulièrement au contrôle excessif. Le tout permettra de proposer une définition du contrôle excessif dans le contexte des VBH, dans le but de mieux identifier cette violence intrafamiliale spécifique et de mieux intervenir auprès des victimes et de leur famille.
Data mining and knowledge discovery in chemical processes: Effect of alternative processing techniques
Authors: Briceno-Mena Luis A. , Nnadili Miriam , Benton Michael G. , Romagnoli Jose A.
Published: April 2022

Data mining and knowledge discovery (DMKD) focuses on extracting useful information from data. In the chemical process industry, tasks such as process monitoring, fault detection, process control, optimization, etc., can be achieved using DMKD. However, the selection of the appropriate method for each step in the DMKD process, namely data cleaning, sampling, scaling, dimensionality reduction (DR), clustering, clustering analysis and data visualization to obtain meaningful insights is far from trivial. In this contribution, a computational environment (FastMan) is introduced and used to illustrate how method selection affects DMKD in chemical process data. Two case studies, using data from a simulated natural gas liquid plant and real data from an industrial pyrolysis unit, were conducted to demonstrate the applicability of these methodologies in real-life scenarios. Sampling and normalization methods were found to have a great impact on the quality of the DMKD results. Also, a neighbor graphs method for DR, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, outperformed principal component analysis, a matrix factorization method frequently used in the chemical process industry for identifying both local and global changes.
Accumulation set of critical points of the multipliers in the quadratic family
Authors: FIRSOVA TANYA , GORBOVICKIS IGORS
Published: April 2022

A parameter
$c_{0}\in {\mathbb {C}}$
in the family of quadratic polynomials
$f_{c}(z)=z^{2}+c$
is a critical point of a period n multiplier if the map
$f_{c_{0}}$
has a periodic orbit of period n, whose multiplier, viewed as a locally analytic function of c, has a vanishing derivative at
$c=c_{0}$
. We study the accumulation set
${\mathcal X}$
of the critical points of the multipliers as
$n\to \infty $
. This study complements the equidistribution result for the critical points of the multipliers that was previously obtained by the authors. In particular, in the current paper, we prove that the accumulation set
${\mathcal X}$
is bounded, connected, and contains the Mandelbrot set as a proper subset. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a parameter outside of the Mandelbrot set to be contained in the accumulation set
${\mathcal X}$
and show that this condition is satisfied for an open set of parameters. Our condition is similar in flavor to one of the conditions that define the Mandelbrot set. As an application, we get that the function that sends c to the Hausdorff dimension of
$f_{c}$
does not have critical points outside of the accumulation set
${\mathcal X}$
.
Thermal conductivity of polar firn
Authors: Oster Simon E. , Albert Mary R.
Published: April 2022

The vast Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are covered by many tens of meters of polar firn, which is snow that is years to centuries old and has experienced significant metamorphism. Both ice-sheet modeling and decoding satellite data require knowledge of the thermal conductivity of polar firn with depth, yet direct measurements are not available for depths below the top several meters. We present the first direct measurements of the effective thermal conductivity of polar firn over depths down to 48 m. A custom guarded hot plate has been designed and constructed, and validation of this device using materials of known thermal conductivity is presented. Using the validated device, measurements were made on firn core samples spanning depths from 4 to 48 m from an undisturbed site near the South Pole, Antarctica. Results show that the thermal conductivity of polar firn at South Pole increases with depth and with density. The thermal conductivity of polar firn from the surface to 48 m depth is well-explained as a function of density by the relationship kfirn(ρ) = 0.144 e0.00308·ρ and as a function of depth by the relationship kfirn(z) = 0.536 e0.0144·z. The associated thermal diffusivities range from 19.0 to 28.5 m2 a-1.
Torture in Thailand at the Limits of Law
Authors: Cheesman Nick
Published: April 2022

How do courts mediate the relationship between the practice of torture and the content of law in places where torture is neither explicitly criminalized nor authorized? If torture is recounted in court, then what happens? Drawing on sixteen months of observation and documentary research in Thailand, this article outlines a jurisprudence of torture in which judges accommodate the practice by denying the facticity of narratives about torture, or accepting the narratives’ facticity but denying that anyone can be held responsible, or accepting that someone might be held responsible but excusing them of responsibility in the name of duty or by holding only one or two of them, or their employer, in some way liable. Through this jurisprudence, judges in Thailand have kept torture at the limits of law: not on a boundary between the legal and illegal, but on a line between the legally ordered and unordered, which is to say, in the realm of the alegal.
The FAST Ultra-Deep Survey (FUDS): Observational strategy, calibration and data reduction
Authors: Xi Hongwei , Peng Bo , Staveley-Smith Lister , For Bi-Qing , Liu Bin
Published: April 2022

The FAST Ultra-Deep Survey (FUDS) is a blind survey that aims for the direct detection of Hiin galaxies at redshifts$z<0.42$. The survey uses the multibeam receiver on the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) to map six regions, each of size$0.72\ \textrm{deg}^2$at high sensitivity (${\sim}50\,\mu \textrm{Jy}$) and high-frequency resolution (23 kHz). The survey will enable studies of the evolution of galaxies and their Hicontent with an eventual sample size of${\sim}1\,000$. We present the science goals, observing strategy, the effects of radio frequency interference at the FAST site, our mitigation strategies and the methods for calibration, data reduction and imaging as applied to initial data. The observations and reductions for the first field, FUDS0, are completed, with around 128 Higalaxies detected in a preliminary analysis. Example spectra are given in this paper, including a comparison with data from the overlapping GAL2577 field of Arecibo Ultra-Deep Survey.
Financial Developments in London in the Seventeenth Century: The Financial Revolution Revisited
Authors: Sussman Nathan
Published: April 2022

A novel series of interest rates paid by the Corporation of London shows that interest rates in London declined by 350 basis points during the seventeenth century. The decline followed a similar pattern in Europe. Records from the Corporation’s archive provide evidence for financial development: an increase in the number and volume of debt instruments, an increase in the number of lenders, and the development of a secondary market. Econometric analysis establishes that increasing the debt instruments’ liquidity contributed to the convergence of interest rates between London and Amsterdam.
Relocated tigers and relocated villagers: Ferality and human–animal entanglement in Indian conservation
Authors: Runacres Adam
Published: April 2022

This article will examine state intervention in the lives of tigers and people living in and around Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. It explores how, over a decade after a reintroduction project rebuilt the tiger population from extinction and the central government launched a new compensation scheme to relocate villagers away from the national park, relocated tigers and not-yet relocated villagers resist and challenge conservation interventions to eradicate human life in Panna Tiger Reserve and (re)construct it as a wild tiger landscape. It will show how discourses of conservation and development that motivate state intervention seek to depoliticize and obfuscate programmes of control over human and tiger lives through their separation and purported ‘care’, contiguous with colonial policies and discursive practices that have intertwined the fate of wild animals and forest-dependent villagers in this part of India. In their feral subversions against these interventions, relocated tigers and not-yet relocated villagers expose the problematic contradictions and tensions that plague animal management, wildlife conservation, and rural development in India today. Based on 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork, the article draws on case studies and accounts from communities living around Panna Tiger Reserve to present alternatives to colonial and post-colonial discursive legitimizations of state intervention and control, revealing alternate understandings of the entanglement of humans and animals and the categories of ‘wild’ and ‘tame’.
Needs for nurses to provide spiritual care and their associated influencing factors among elderly inpatients with stroke in China: A cross-sectional quantitative study
Authors: Wang Zhangyi , Zhao Haomei , Zhu Yue , Zhang Siai , Xiao Luwei , Bao Haiqin , Wang Zhao , Wang Yue , Li Xuechun , Zhang Yajun , Pang Xiaoli
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the spiritual care needs and associated influencing factors among elderly inpatients with stroke, and to examine the correlations among spiritual care needs, spiritual well-being, self-perceived burden, self-transcendence, and social support.

Methods

A cross-sectional quantitative design was implemented, and the STROBE Checklist was used as the foundation of the study. A convenience sample of 458 elderly inpatients with stroke was selected from three hospitals in China. The sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nurse Spiritual Therapeutics Scale, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-being, the Self-Perceived Burden Scale, the Chinese Self-Transcendence Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Student's t-test, ANOVA, non-parametric, and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results

The total score of spiritual care needs was 29.82 ± 7.65. Spiritual care needs were positively correlated with spiritual well-being (r = 0.709, p < 0.01), self-transcendence (r = 0.710, p < 0.01), and social support (r = 0.691, p < 0.01), whereas being negatively correlated with self-perceived burden (r = −0.587, p < 0.01). Religious beliefs, educational level, residence place, disease course, spiritual well-being, self-perceived burden, self-transcendence, and social support were found to be the main influencing factors.

Significance of results

The spiritual care needs were prevalent and moderate. It is suggested that nurses should enhance spiritual care knowledge and competence, take targeted spiritual care measures according to inpatients’ individual personality traits or characteristics and differences of patients, reduce their self-perceived burden and improve their spiritual well-being, self-transcendence and social support in multiple ways and levels, so as to meet their spiritual care needs to the greatest extent and enhance their spiritual comfort.
Herr B. kann sich nicht mehr erinnern – wenn das Gedächtnis gelöscht ist
Authors: Taheri Shadi , Peters Nils
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Bei der transienten globalen Amnesie (TGA) handelt es sich um eine klinische Diagnose mit typischen Zeichen einer akuten, anterograden und retrograden Amnesie. Die Ursache ist bisher ungeklärt, verschiedenen Hypothesen werden diskutiert. Letztlich handelt es sich um eine passagere Funktionsstörung im Bereich der Hippocampi. Hierzu korrelierend findet man gehäuft in der DWI-Sequenz im MRI eine kleine, punktförmige Signalhyperintensität im Hippocampus, die in Verlaufsuntersuchungen nicht mehr darstellbar ist. Diese können uni- oder bilateral auftreten. Es existiert keine spezifische Therapie, eine Sekundärprophylaxe ist nicht indiziert. Die Prognose ist gut. Das Rezidivrisiko beträgt ca. 18%.
Improving the Calibration of the Swiss Plate Geophone Bedload Monitoring System by Filtering Out Seismic Signals From Extraneous Particle Impacts
Authors: Nicollier Tobias , Antoniazza Gilles , Rickenmann Dieter , Hartlieb Arnd , Kirchner James W.
Published: April 2022

The spatio‐temporal variability of bedload transport processes poses considerable challenges for bedload monitoring systems. One such system, the Swiss plate geophone (SPG), has been calibrated in several gravel‐bed streams using direct sampling techniques. The linear calibration coefficients linking the signal recorded by the SPG system to the transported bedload can vary between different monitoring stations by about a factor of six, for reasons that remain unclear. Recent controlled flume experiments allowed us to identify the grain‐size distribution of the transported bedload as a further site‐specific factor influencing the signal response of the SPG system, along with the flow velocity and the bed roughness. Additionally, impact tests performed at various field sites suggested that seismic waves generated by impacting particles can propagate over several plates of an SPG array, and thus potentially bias the bedload estimates. To gain an understanding of this phenomenon, we adapted a test flume by installing a partition wall to shield individual sensor plates from impacting particles. We show that the SPG system is sensitive to seismic waves that propagate from particle impacts on neighboring plates or on the concrete bed close to the sensors despite isolating elements. Based on this knowledge, we designed a filter method that uses time‐frequency information to identify and eliminate these “apparent” impacts. Finally, we apply the filter to four field calibration datasets and show that it significantly reduces site‐to‐site differences between calibration coefficients and enables the derivation of a single calibration curve for total bedload at all four sites.
GeoHealth Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science
Authors: Barnard M. A. , Emani S. R. , Fortner S. K. , Haygood L. , Sun Q. , White‐Newsome J. L. , Zaitchik B.
Published: April 2022

GeoHealth research both characterizes and predicts problems at the nexus of earth and human systems like climate change, pollution, and natural hazards. While GeoHealth excels in the area of integrated science, there is a need to improve coordinated and networked efforts to produce open science to enable environmental justice. There is a need to resource and empower frontline populations that are disproportionately marginalized by environmental injustice (i.e., the unequal protection from environmental harms and lack of access and meaningful engagement in decision making for a healthy environment; EPA, 2022, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice). GeoHealth practice has the opportunity to advance environmental justice or the “fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income” with respect to how research and collaboration of GeoHealth professionals supports the “development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies” that produce equal protection from environmental and health hazards and access to the decision making for a health environment (EPA, 2022, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice). Here we highlight barriers and opportunities to apply an equity‐centered ICON framework to the field of GeoHealth to advance environmental justice and health equity.
Controls on the Boundary Between Thermally and Non‐Thermally Driven pCO2 Regimes in the South Pacific
Authors: Prend Channing J. , Hunt Jess M. , Mazloff Matthew R. , Gille Sarah T. , Talley Lynne D.
Published: April 2022

Regional and temporal patterns of air–sea carbon exchange are strongly linked to the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), which varies with sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and alkalinity. It is well‐known that temperature controls the pCO2 seasonal cycle in the subtropics, whereas DIC dominates at high latitudes. The balance of mechanisms governing the boundary between these regimes, however, are not well characterized due to lack of year‐round pCO2 data. Here, we use autonomous biogeochemical float measurements from the South Pacific to investigate the processes that control meridional variations in pCO2 seasonality. We find that the transition between pCO2 regimes is linked to the poleward decrease in SST seasonal cycle amplitude, which is closely associated with the northern boundary of deep winter mixed layers. Processes that determine the annual SST range are, therefore, central to the response of oceanic carbon uptake to anthropogenic forcing.
Deciphering the State of the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle With Multi‐Physics Inversion
Authors: Moorkamp Max
Published: April 2022

The composition of the lower crust is a key factor in understanding tectonic activity and deformation within the Earth. In particular, the presence or absence of melt or fluids has strong control on tectonic evolution. Multi‐physics inversion results from the western United States indicate that tectonic inheritance plays a much stronger role in determining the location of melt in the lower crust than previously thought. Even in a currently active area such as the Yellowstone Hotspot, the results suggest that fluid dominated structures and fluid free regions are located directly next to each other. This is incompatible with the commonly used model of recent tectonic activity as a main controlling factor for the presence of fluids or melt. These results have global implications for how geophysical models are interpreted and how they can be related to geodynamic simulations.
Satellite In Situ Electron Density Observations of the Midlatitude Storm Enhanced Density on the Noon Meridional Plane in the F Region During the 20 November 2003 Magnetic Storm
Authors: Lin Chin S. , Sutton Eric K. , Wang Wenbin , Cai Xuguang , Liu Guiping , Henney Carl J. , Cooke David L.
Published: April 2022

Ionospheric storm enhanced density (SED) has been extensively investigated using total electron content deduced from GPS ground and satellite‐borne receivers. However, dayside in situ electron density measurements have not been analyzed in detail for SEDs yet. We report in situ electron density measurements of a SED event in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) at the noon meridian plane measured by the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) polar‐orbiting satellite at about 390 km altitude during the 20 November 2003 magnetic storm. The CHAMP satellite measurements render rare documentation about the dayside SED's life cycle at a fixed magnetic local time (MLT) through multiple passes. Solar wind drivers triggered the SED onset and controlled its lifecycle through its growth and retreat phases. The SED electron density enhancement extended from the equatorial ionization anomaly to the noon cusp. The midlatitude electron density increased to a maximum at the end of the growth phase. Afterward, the dayside SED region retreated gradually to lower magnetic latitudes. The observations showed a hemisphere asymmetry, with the NH electron density exhibiting a more significant enhancement. The simulations using the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation model show a good agreement with the CHAMP observations. The simulations indicate that the dayside midlatitude electron density enhancement has a complicated dependence on vertical ion drift, neutral wind, magnetic latitude, MLT, and the height of the F2 layer. Finally, we discuss the notion of using the mean cross‐polar cap electric field as a proxy for assessing the effects of solar wind drivers on producing midlatitude electron density enhancement.
Seismic Traveltime Tomography of Southern California Using Poisson‐Voronoi Cells and 20 Years of Data
Authors: Fang Hongjian , White Malcolm C. A. , Lu Yang , Ben‐Zion Yehuda
Published: April 2022

We derive new, 3D, isotropic models of seismic compressional and shear wavespeeds, Vp and Vs, respectively, their ratio, Vp/Vs, and a catalog of relocated earthquakes for Southern California from more than 10 million P‐ and S‐wave arrivals associated with over 0.3 million earthquakes that occurred between 2000 and 2020. We augment high‐quality analyst‐reviewed phase arrival picks from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center with S‐wave arrival picks obtained with an automated algorithm, and we derive new wavespeed models via traveltime tomography formulated using Poisson‐Voronoi cells (Fang et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190141). The results contribute to improved regional wavespeed models, particularly the Vp/Vs model, and absolute event locations. The obtained models correlate well with regional geological features and yield more accurate synthetic waveforms than other regional models do for waves with periods shorter than 5 s in much of the modeled region. The derived event catalog exhibits tighter spatial clustering than the standard regional catalog, thereby helping to characterize subsurface features of major faults. The regional 1D averaged Vp/Vs ratio shows high values at shallow depths, decreases to a minimum at about 10 km, then increases again at greater depths below 15 km. Deep seismicity correlates well with regions of Vp/Vs ratio lower than 1.75, which may indicate an increased brittle‐to‐ductile transition depth with an important influence on crustal mechanics. The new wavespeed models and seismic catalog can be useful for various studies including analyses of seismicity patterns and simulations of crustal deformation and ground motion.
The Influence of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on Atlantic Niños
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Fu Rong
Published: April 2022

Atlantic Niños dominate the equatorial Atlantic variability during boreal summer (June–August). The coupled ocean‐atmosphere processes associated with Atlantic Niños have been extensively documented. However, the role of atmospheric convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs), which are uncorrelated to those previously identified processes, in triggering Atlantic Niños has been unclear. Here we identify CCKWs using Wheeler‐Kiladis filtering based on 10°S–10°N averaged daily outgoing longwave radiation. CCKWs propagate eastward from South America and induce surface zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Strong anomalous CCKWs during spring (March–May) and their associated surface westerly wind anomalies can trigger downwelling oceanic Kelvin waves that change the east–west slope of the thermocline, consequently leading to Atlantic Niño. A causal effect network reveals that interannual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Atlantic Niño Index area and CCKWs, both in spring, are uncorrelated, but both appear to influence SST anomalies over the Atlantic Niño Index area in summer. The CCKWs are also uncorrelated to other coupled ocean‐atmosphere sources, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Meridional Mode. Among a total of 15 Atlantic Niño/Niña events identified for the period of 1980–2017, two‐thirds of the events are linked to CCKWs. In particular, three Atlantic Niña events (1982, 1994, and 2005) are mainly triggered by CCKWs, under unfavorable SST preconditions. Thus, CCKWs in spring, due to atmospheric internal variability, provide another mechanism for triggering Atlantic Niños and probably weaken their predictability.
Interannual Impact of the North Atlantic Tripole SST Mode on the Surface Potential Vorticity Over the Tibetan Plateau During Boreal Summer
Authors: Sheng Chen , He Bian , Wu Guoxiong , Liu Yimin , Zhang Shaoyu , Zhang Ping
Published: April 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an important forcing in the global climate system. Compared to the extensive studies on the influence of the TP on surrounding climates, the variability of the surface potential vorticity (PV) over the TP (TPSPV) in response to other forcings is seldom discussed. In this article, the influence of the interannual mode of North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature (NAT) on the TPSPV during boreal summer is investigated. Results show that the negative (positive) anomalous TPSPV is associated with anomalous unstable (stable) surface air, cyclonic (anticyclonic) surface circulation, and rising (sinking) motion, which favors the stronger (weaker) East Asian summer monsoon and weaker (stronger) Indian summer monsoon. Further analysis indicates that the negative TPSPV is significantly correlated with a positive NAT mode with a cold center in the middle and warm centers in the subtropic and subpolar regions. This relationship is further testified by numerical experiments. The results further demonstrate that the positive NAT forcing can stimulate a Rossby wave train aloft, which passes Scandinavia, Ural and arrives at the TP and eventually triggers a low‐level positive PV over the TP. Constrained by the PV‐θmechanism, the low‐level positive PV favors a decrease in static stability near the surface and thus leads to a negative TPSPV. Under the positive feedback between TPSPV and vertical motion, the negative TPSPV could further strengthen. Therefore, the positive NAT phase could intensify the thermal and dynamic forcings of the TP in association with TPSPV during boreal summer.
U.S. Fires Quadrupled in Size, Tripled in Frequency in 20 Years
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: April 2022

Changes including intensifying drought, expansion into burnable land, and an increase in human-caused ignitions have led to a shift in fire patterns.
Diurnal to Intraseasonal Precipitation Variation Around the Northwestern Coast of Luzon Island: Results From YMC‐BSM 2018 Field Campaign
Authors: Yokoi Satoru , Shirooka Ryuichi , Yoneyama Kunio , Cayanan Esperanza O. , Iglesia Cynthia O.
Published: April 2022

This study investigates multiscale variability of summer‐time precipitation around the northwestern coast of Luzon Island, the Philippines, by analyzing in situ observation data of a field campaign in summer 2018 conducted under the Years of the Maritime Continent‐Boreal Summer Monsoon study in 2018 (YMC‐BSM 2018) project. It is found that boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation modulates activity of precipitation diurnal cycle, with active diurnal cycle observed only under easterly (offshore) wind conditions in the free troposphere. On the other hand, in the period of westerly winds, quasi‐biweekly fluctuation is observed, with two heavy precipitation events. These events are associated with further intensified westerly winds caused by westward‐propagating quasi‐biweekly oscillations. Day‐to‐day precipitation variability over land during the two events is associated with the strength of monsoon winds blowing toward the mountain range, which is modulated cooperatively by the quasi‐biweekly oscillations and tropical depressions over the South China Sea.
PPARγ phase separates with RXRα at PPREs to regulate target gene expression
Authors: Li Zhean , Luo Lingling , Yu Wenxia , Li Ping , Ou Danfeng , Liu Jia , Ma Hanhui , Sun Qinhu , Liang Aibin , Huang Cheng , Chi Tian , Huang Xingxu , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2022

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a key transcription activator controlling adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. PPARγ binds PPAR response elements (PPREs) as the obligate heterodimer with retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, but exactly how PPARγ orchestrates the transcriptional response is unknown. This study demonstrates that PPARγ forms phase-separated droplets in vitro and solid-like nuclear condensates in cell, which is intriguingly mediated by its DNA binding domain characterized by the zinc finger motif. Furthermore, PPARγ forms nuclear condensates at PPREs sites through phase separation to compartmentalize its heterodimer partner RXRα to initiate PPARγ-specific transcriptional activation. Finally, using an optogenetic approach, the enforced formation of PPARγ/RXRα condensates leads to preferential enrichment at PPREs sites and significantly promotes the expression of PPARγ target genes. These results define a novel mechanism by which PPARγ engages the phase separation principles for efficient and specific transcriptional activation.
Exome sequencing in individuals with cardiovascular laterality defects identifies potential candidate genes
Authors: Breuer Katinka , Riedhammer Korbinian M. , Müller Nicole , Schaidinger Birthe , Dombrowsky Gregor , Dittrich Sven , Zeidler Susanne , Bauer Ulrike M. M. , Westphal Dominik S. , Meitinger Thomas , Dakal Tikam Chand , Hitz Marc-Phillip , Breuer Johannes , Reutter Heiko , Hilger Alina C. , Hoefele Julia
Published: April 2022

The birth prevalence of laterality defects is about 1.1/10,000 comprising different phenotypes ranging from situs inversus totalis to heterotaxy, mostly associated with complex congenital heart defects (CHD) and situs abnormalities such as intestinal malrotation, biliary atresia, asplenia, or polysplenia. A proportion of laterality defects arise in the context of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) accompanied by respiratory symptoms or infertility. In this study, exome sequencing (ES) was performed in 14 case-parent trios/quattros with clinical exclusion of PCD prior to analysis. Moreover, all cases and parents underwent detailed clinical phenotyping including physical examination, echocardiography by a skilled paediatric cardiologist and abdominal ultrasound examinations not to miss mildly affected individuals. Subsequent survey of the exome data comprised filtering for monoallelic de novo, rare biallelic, and X-linked recessive variants. In two families, rare variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PKD1L1 and ZIC3 were identified. Both genes have been associated with laterality defects. In two of the remaining families, biallelic variants in LMBRD1 and DNAH17, respectively, were prioritized. In another family, an ultra-rare de novo variant in WDR47 was found. Extensive exome survey of 2,109 single exomes of individuals with situs inversus totalis, heterotaxy, or isolated CHD identified two individuals with novel monoallelic variants in WDR47, but no further individuals with biallelic variants in DNAH17 or LMBRD1. Overall, ES of 14 case-parent trios/quattros with cardiovascular laterality defects identified rare VUS in two families in known disease-associated genes PKD1L1 and ZIC3 and suggests DNAH17, LMBRD1, and WDR47 as potential genes involved in laterality defects.
Network- and enrichment-based inference of phenotypes and targets from large-scale disease maps
Authors: Hoch Matti , Smita Suchi , Cesnulevicius Konstantin , Lescheid David , Schultz Myron , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Gupta Shailendra
Published: April 2022

Complex diseases are inherently multifaceted, and the associated data are often heterogeneous, making linking interactions across genes, metabolites, RNA, proteins, cellular functions, and clinically relevant phenotypes a high-priority challenge. Disease maps have emerged as knowledge bases that capture molecular interactions, disease-related processes, and disease phenotypes with standardized representations in large-scale molecular interaction maps. Various tools are available for disease map analysis, but an intuitive solution to perform in silico experiments on the maps in a wide range of contexts and analyze high-dimensional data is currently missing. To this end, we introduce a two-dimensional enrichment analysis (2DEA) approach to infer downstream and upstream elements through the statistical association of network topology parameters and fold changes from molecular perturbations. We implemented our approach in a plugin suite for the MINERVA platform, providing an environment where experimental data can be mapped onto a disease map and predict potential regulatory interactions through an intuitive graphical user interface. We show several workflows using this approach and analyze two RNA-seq datasets in the Atlas of Inflammation Resolution (AIR) to identify enriched downstream processes and upstream transcription factors. Our work improves the usability of disease maps and increases their functionality by facilitating multi-omics data integration and exploration.
Whole-genome sequences of 37 breeding line Bombyx mori strains and their phenotypes established since 1960s
Authors: Kim Seong-Wan , Kim Min Jee , Kim Seong-Ryul , Park Jeong Sun , Kim Kee-Young , Kim Ki Hwan , Kwak Woori , Kim Iksoo
Published: April 2022

Bombyx mori is a key insect in the sericulture industry and one of the very important economic animals that are responsible for not only the livelihood of many farmers internationally but also expended biomedical use. The National Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Rural Development Administration of Korea (NIAS, RDA, Korea) has been collecting silkworm resources with various phenotypic traits from the 1960s and established breeding lines for using them as genetic resources. And these breeding line strains have been used to develop suitable F1 hybrid strains for specific use. In this study, we report the whole-genome sequences of 37 breeding line B. mori strains established over the past 60 years, along with the description of their phenotypic characteristics with photos of developmental stages. In addition, we report the example phenotypic characteristics of the F1-hybrid strain using these breeding line strains. We hope this data will be used as valuable resources to the related research community for studying B. mori and similar other insects.
Modeling and characterization of stochastic resistive switching in single Ag2S nanowires
Authors: Frick Nikolay , Hosseini Mahshid , Guilbaud Damien , Gao Ming , LaBean Thomas H.
Published: April 2022

Chalcogenide resistive switches (RS), such as Ag2S, change resistance due to the growth of metallic filaments between electrodes along the electric field gradient. Therefore, they are candidates for neuromorphic and volatile memory applications. This work analyzed the RS of individual Ag2S nanowires (NWs) and extended the basic RS model to reproduce experimental observations. The work models resistivity of the device as a percolation of the conductive filaments. It also addressed continuous fluctuations of the resistivity with a stochastic change in volume fractions of the filaments in the device. As a result, these fluctuations cause unpredictable patterns in current-voltage characteristics and include a spontaneous change in resistance of the device during the linear sweep that conventional memristor models with constant resistivity cannot represent. The parameters of the presented stochastic model of a single Ag2S NW were fitted to the experimental data and reproduced key features of RS in the physical devices. Moreover, the model suggested a non-core shell structure of the Ag2S NWs. The outcome of this work is aimed to aid in simulating large self-assembled memristive networks and help to extend existing RS models.
A novel liver cancer diagnosis method based on patient similarity network and DenseGCN
Authors: Zhang Ge , Peng Zhen , Yan Chaokun , Wang Jianlin , Luo Junwei , Luo Huimin
Published: April 2022

Liver cancer is the main malignancy in terms of mortality rate, accurate diagnosis can help the treatment outcome of liver cancer. Patient similarity network is an important information which helps in cancer diagnosis. However, recent works rarely take patient similarity into consideration. To address this issue, we constructed patient similarity network using three liver cancer omics data, and proposed a novel liver cancer diagnosis method consisted of similarity network fusion, denoising autoencoder and dense graph convolutional neural network to capitalize on patient similarity network and multi omics data. We compared our proposed method with other state-of-the-art methods and machine learning methods on TCGA-LIHC dataset to evaluate its performance. The results confirmed that our proposed method surpasses these comparison methods in terms of all the metrics. Especially, our proposed method has attained an accuracy up to 0.9857.