bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of anatomical location of lower limb venous thrombus on the risk of subsequent cancer
Authors: Arnoult Anne Cécile , Sevestre Marie-Antoinette , Genty Céline , Bonaldi Michael , Guyard Audrey , Giordana Pascal , Pichot Olivier , Colonna Marc , Quéré Isabelle , Bosson Jean-Luc , Galanaud Jean-Philippe ,   for the OPTIMEV-SFMV Investigators
Published: August 2014

After a proximal deep-vein thrombosis (P-DVT), the risk of diagnosis of a previously unsuspected cancer is high. Isolated distal DVT (iDDVT; i.e. infra-popliteal DVT without pulmonary embolism [PE]) and isolated superficial-vein thrombosis (iSVT; i.e. without concomitant DVT and PE) are at least as frequent as P-DVT but their association with subsequent cancer is uncertain. We exploited data from the OPTIMEV prospective, observational, multicentre study to i) compare the risk of subsequent cancer three years after a first objectively confirmed iSVT, iD-DVT and iP-DVT in patients without a prior history of cancer or of venous thromboembolism, ii) assess predictors of subsequent cancer in cases of iD-DVT. The overall cumulative rates of cancer among the 304 patients with iSVT, 536 patients with iD-DVT, and 327 patients with iP-DVT were similar (3.4% 95% confidence interval [1.8–6.2], 3.9% [2.5–5.9] and 3.9% [2.3–6.8], respectively), regardless of whether the index venous thromboembolic event was unprovoked or associated with a major transient risk factor. Neither anatomical (muscular vs deep-calf DVT) nor ultrasound scan characteristics (number of thrombosed veins, clot diameter under compression) seemed strongly associated with the risk of cancer in cases of iD-DVT. In patients managed in routine practice, all the different clinical expressions of lower limb venous thromboembolism are associated with a similar risk of subsequent cancer. From a clinical practice point of view, this suggests that cancer screening, without discussing the necessity, or not, of such screening, should not differ between a deepproximal, deep-distal or superficial location of thrombosis.

Note: Part of this study was presented as an oral presentation at the 54th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, 8 to 11 December 2012, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Hepatic and Intestinal Lipoprotein Particle Metabolism in Obese, Nondiabetic Humans
Authors: Padilla Nadège , Maraninchi Marie , Béliard Sophie , Berthet Bruno , Nogueira Juan-Patricio , Wolff Estelle , Nicolay Alain , Bégu Audrey , Dubois Noémie , Grangeot Rachel , Mattei Catherine , Vialettes Bernard , Xiao Changting , Lewis Gary F. , Valéro René
Published: August 2014

Objective—

The dyslipidemia of obesity and other insulin-resistant states is characterized by the elevation of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) of both hepatic (apoB-100–containing very low-density lipoprotein) and intestinal (apoB-48–containing chylomicrons) origin. Bariatric surgery is a well-established and effective modality for the treatment of obesity and is associated with improvements in several metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, including a reduction in plasma triglycerides. Here, we have investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on TRL metabolism.

Approach and Results—

Twenty-two nondiabetic, obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery: sleeve gastrectomy (n=12) or gastric bypass (n=10) were studied. Each subject underwent 1 lipoprotein turnover study 1 month before surgery followed by a second study, 6 months after surgery, using established stable isotope enrichment methodology, in constant fed state. TRL-apoB-100 concentration was significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, explained by a decrease (
P
<0.05) in TRL-apoB-100 production rate and an increase (
P
<0.05) in TRL-apoB-100 fractional catabolic rate. TRL-apoB-48 concentration was also significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, explained by reduction in TRL-apoB-48 production rate (
P
<0.05). For gastric bypass, although TRL-apoB-100 concentration declined after surgery (
P
<0.01), without a significant decline in TRL-apoB-48, there was no significant change in either TRL-apoB-100 or TRL-apoB-48 production rate or fractional catabolic rate. The reduction in TRL-apoB-100 concentration was significantly associated with a reduction in plasma apoC-III in the pooled group of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Conclusions—

This is the first human lipoprotein kinetic study to explore the mechanism of improvement of TRL metabolism after bariatric surgery. These effects may contribute to the decrease of cardiovascular mortality after surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01277068.
Adherence to Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study 3- to 4.5-Hour Exclusions and Association With Outcome
Authors: Cronin Carolyn A. , Sheth Kevin N. , Zhao Xin , Messé Steven R. , Olson DaiWai M. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schwamm Lee H. , Smith Eric E.
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—

The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines recommend intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment 3 to 4.5 hours from symptom onset according to criteria used in the Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS III). However, ECASS III excluded certain patient groups in addition to the standard exclusions used for 0 to 3 hours in the United States: age >80 years, history of stroke and diabetes mellitus, oral anticoagulant treatment, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >25. We investigated adherence to these additional exclusion criteria for patients treated 3 to 4.5 hours from onset and their association with outcome.

Methods—

We analyzed data from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke on 32 019 patients with ischemic stroke from 1464 hospitals who were treated with tPA ≤4.5 hours from onset from January 2009 to January 2012, excluding patients transferred from another hospital. The percent of patients meeting versus not meeting each exclusion criterion were compared between treatment time windows.

Results—

Overall, 1544 of 4910 (31.5%) patients treated with tPA >3 to 4.5 hours had at least 1 of the additional exclusions, the most common was age >80 years. With the exception of prior stroke and diabetes mellitus, the percent of tPA–treated patients with each exclusion criterion was significantly lower at >3 to 4.5 hours compared with 0 to 3 hours. For each additional exclusion criterion, there was no increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or worse hospital outcome for patients treated >3 to 4.5 hours compared with 0 to 3 hours, after adjusting for baseline differences.

Conclusions—

Patients with ECASS III–specific exclusion criteria for the >3 to 4.5 hours window are frequently treated with tPA. The presence of the additional exclusion criteria was not associated with worse outcomes in the >3 to 4.5 hours window compared with the 0 to 3 hours window.
Galkinius nom.nov., replacement name for Galkinia Ross & Newman, 1995
Authors: PERREAULT RAY T.
Published: August 2014

In 1995, Ross & Newman proposed Galkinia as a replacement name for Utinomia Galkin, 1986 (Cirripedia: Pyrgomatidae), which was pre-occupied. However, this author discovered Galkinia was itself pre-occupied by a genus of fossil fish, Galkinia Ghekker, 1948 (Actinopterygii: Pholidophoriformes).
Fourteen new generic and ten new specific synonymies in Pholcidae (Araneae), and transfer of Mystes Bristowe to Filistatidae
Authors: Huber Bernhard A. , Colmenares Pío A. , Ramirez Martin J.
Published: August 2014

Between 1998 and 2011, the Venezuelan arachnologist Manuel Ángel González-Sponga (GS) published a series of taxonomic papers devoted to the Pholcidae of Venezuela. Of his 22 new genera, 20 were monotypic when described, suggesting a high percentage of synonyms. We studied his descriptions and as far as accessible his type specimens and propose the following new generic synonymies: Autana GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Ayomania GS, 2005 and Venezuela Koçak & Kemal, 2008 (new replacement names for Falconia GS, 2003) = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Carbonaria GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Caruaya GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Coroia GS, 2005 = Artema Walckenaer, 1837; Maimire GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Moraia GS, 2011 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Nasuta GS, 2009 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893; Portena GS, 2011 = Metagonia Simon, 1893; Rioparaguanus GS, 2005 = Mesabolivar GS, 1998; Tonoro GS, 2009 = Litoporus Simon, 1893; Sanluisi GS, 2003 = Mecolaesthus Simon, 1893. Three of the type species are also specific synonyms: Autana autanensis GS, 2011 = Mesabolivar aurantiacus (Mello-Leitão, 1930); Coroia magna GS, 2005 = Artema atlanta Walckenaer, 1837; Tonoro multispinae GS, 2009 = Litoporus uncatus (Simon, 1893). Six species that González-Sponga described under Blechroscelis (a genus previously synonymized with Priscula Simon, 1893) are all synonyms of Mesabolivar eberhardi Huber, 2000 (B. acuoso GS, 2011; B. araguanus GS, 2011; B. blechroscelis GS, 2011; B. copeyensis GS, 2011; B. cordillerano GS, 2011; B. andinensis GS, 2011). In addition, and unrelated to González-Sponga’s work, we synonymize the Central Asian monotypic genus Ceratopholcus Spassky, 1934 with Crossopriza Simon, 1893; we synonymize the Chinese species Pholcus acerosus Peng & Zhang, 2011 with Pholcus fragillimus Strand, 1907 and remove the Malaysian monotypic genus Mystes Bristowe, 1938, previously thought to be the only East Asian representative of the subfamily Ninetinae, to the family Filistatidae.
Nippontonia ashmoreiensis sp. nov., (Crustacea: Decapoda; Pontoniinae) from Ashmore Reef, Western Australia
Authors: BRUCE A. J.
Published: August 2014

An undescribed species of pontoniine shrimp of the genus Nippontonia Bruce & Bauer, N. ashmoriensis sp. nov., collected from a sponge from Ashmore Reef, Western Australia, is described and illustrated.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Stratified Turbulence. Part II: Application of the Stretched-Vortex Model to the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Matheou Georgios , Chung Daniel
Published: August 2014

The buoyancy-adjusted stretched-vortex subgrid-scale (SGS) model is assessed for a number of large-eddy simulations (LESs) corresponding to diverse atmospheric boundary layer conditions. The cases considered are free convection, a moderately stable boundary layer [first Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS)] case, shallow cumulus [Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX)], shallow precipitating cumulus [Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO)] and nocturnal stratocumulus [Second Dynamics and Chemistry of the Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study RF01]. An identical LES setup, including advection discretization and SGS model parameters, is used for all cases, which is a stringent test on the ability of LES to accurately capture diverse conditions without any flow-adjustable parameters. The LES predictions agree well with observations and previously reported model results. A grid-resolution convergence study is carried out, and for all cases the mean profiles exhibit good grid-resolution independence, even for resolutions that are typically considered coarse. Second-order statistics, for example, variances, converge at finer resolutions compared to domain means. The simulations show that 90% of the turbulent kinetic energy (at each level) must be resolved to obtain sufficiently converged mean profiles. This empirical convergence criterion can be used as a guide in designing future LES runs.
Zonally Symmetric Adjustment in the Presence of Artificial Relaxation
Authors: Hitchcock Peter , Haynes Peter H.
Published: August 2014

Numerical experiments, presented in a companion paper, have been performed in which the zonal-mean state of the stratosphere in a comprehensive, stratosphere-resolving, general circulation model is strongly relaxed (or “nudged”) toward the evolution of a reference sudden warming event in order to investigate its influence on the freely evolving troposphere below. Similar approaches have been used in a number of other studies. This raises the question of whether such an artificial relaxation induces the adiabatic and diabatic adjustments expected below the region of nudging, even in the absence of the stratospheric wave driving responsible for the reference event.

Motivated by this question, the zonally symmetric quasigeostrophic diabatic response to zonal forces (representing wave driving) in a system nudged to a time-dependent reference state is studied. In the presence of wave driving in the nudging region that differs from the reference state, the meridional mass circulation of the reference state is reproduced only in the region below the nudging up to a correction that is inversely proportional to the strength of the nudging. The anomalous circulation is confined because of an effective boundary condition at the interface of the nudging layer. The nudging also produces an artificial “sponge-layer feedback” immediately below the region of the nudging in response to differences in the tropospheric wave driving. The strength of this artificial feedback is closely related to the strength of the effective boundary condition; however, the time scale required for the sponge-layer feedback to be established is typically much longer than that required for the confinement.
Multivariate Minimum Residual Method for Cloud Retrieval. Part I: Theoretical Aspects and Simulated Observation Experiments
Authors: Auligné Thomas
Published: August 2014

A new method is presented for cloud detection and the retrieval of three-dimensional cloud fraction from satellite infrared radiances. This method, called multivariate minimum residual (MMR), is inspired by the minimum residual technique by Eyre and Menzel and is especially suitable for exploiting the large number of channels from hyperspectral infrared sounders. Its accuracy is studied in a theoretical framework where the observations and the numerical model are supposed perfect. Of particular interest is the number of independent information that can be found on the cloud according to the number of channels used. The technical implementation of the method is also briefly discussed. The MMR scheme is validated with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument using simulated observations. This new method is compared with the cloud-detection scheme from McNally and Watts that is operational at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and considered to be the state of the art in cloud detection for hyperspectral infrared sounders.
The Accountability–Well-Being–Ethics framework: A new philosophical foundation for occupational therapy
Authors: Taff Steven D. , Bakhshi Parul , Babulal Ganesh M.
Published: August 2014

Background.

The context that supported occupational therapy’s inception has been replaced with new challenges brought on by globalization and dramatic changes in health care. Thus, the profession’s philosophical grounding needs to be reframed to (a) achieve balance between science-driven and holistic elements, (b) operate within larger contexts on problems brought on by sociopolitical and natural determinants of health, and (c) maintain an ethical identity across all arenas of practice.

Purpose.

This paper presents a brief discussion of the philosophical underpinnings in occupational therapy’s history, outlines new global challenges for the profession, and proposes a new framework to address these challenges through education, practice, and research.

Key Issues.

Occupational therapy finds itself practising in a growing number of middle- and low-income countries where its roles and values need to be context and culture specific.

Implications.

The Accountability–Well-Being–Ethics framework guides the three domains of education, research, and practice to be relevant in an increasingly complex world.
Primary Care Providers’ Experiences Notifying Parents of Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Results
Authors: Finan Caitlin , Nasr Samya Z. , Rothwell Erin , Tarini Beth A.
Published: August 2014

This study examines primary care provider (PCP) experiences with the initial parental disclosure of cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening (NBS) results in order to identify methods to improve parent-provider communication during the CF NBS process. PCPs of infants who received positive CF NBS results participated in semistructured phone interviews. Interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. PCPs acknowledged the difficulty of “breaking bad news” to parents, and emphasized minimizing parental anxiety and maximizing parental understanding. PCPs used a variety of methods to notify parents, and shared varying information about the significance of the results. Variation in the method of parental notification, information discussed, and attention to parents’ emotional needs may limit successful follow-up of children with positive CF NBS results. A multifaceted intervention to improve PCP knowledge, management, and communication could improve provider confidence, optimize information transfer, and minimize parental distress during the initial disclosure of CF NBS results.
A Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Thickness Changes After a Lifting Task in Subjects With and Without Chronic Low-Back Pain
Authors: Seyed Hoseinpoor Tahere , Kahrizi Sedighe , Mobini Bahram , Naji Mohsen
Published: August 2014

Objective:

Using ultrasound imaging, the abdominal muscles’ response to the back extensor muscle fatigue was assessed in subjects with chronic low-back pain (CLBP).

Background:

Lumbar muscle fatigue is a common occurrence among workers. Alteration in motor coordination is one consequence of muscular fatigue. According to previous studies, CLBP subjects use their back and abdominal muscles in different ways, but questions remain about abdominal muscle responses to back muscle fatigue in CLBP patients.

Method:

Thirteen CLBP patients and 15 healthy subjects participated in this study. The thickness of abdominal muscles—including transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique abdominis (IO), and external oblique abdominis (EO) muscles—was measured in standing position with and without axial loads before and after a lifting fatigue task.

Results:

The results reveal a significant difference for the main effects of group on percentage of change in TrA thickness ( F = 8.9, p = .004). Percentage of change in thickness of TrA was 10% greater in the CLBP group. Although IO thickness displayed greater percentage of change in the CLBP group, the difference between groups was not significant.

Conclusion:

Abdominal muscle behavior changes with back-muscle fatigue in both healthy and CLBP subjects, but responses were more exaggerated in CLBP patients.

Application:

Ultrasound imaging technique can provide critical information about the effect of fatigue on spinal muscle activation and consequently about the stability of the spine. As a more applicable and easy technique, ergonomists can use ultrasound imaging in musculoskeletal system assessment in worker populations in future studies.
The Relationship of Affective and Continuance Organizational Commitment with Correctional Staff Occupational Burnout
Authors: Garland Brett , Lambert Eric G. , Hogan Nancy L. , Kim Bitna , Kelley Thomas
Published: August 2014

Finding strategies to prevent burnout is imperative for correctional administrators. Ordinary least squares regression analyses of survey results from 160 employees at a private prison for offenders aged 14 to 19 who were tried as adults were used to examine the effects of affective and continuance commitments on the three dimensions of staff burnout. The results indicate that affective commitment had a negative association with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of reduced accomplishment, while continuance commitment had a positive relationship with these dimensions of burnout. Of the control variables, tenure had a positive association with emotional exhaustion, age had a negative relationship with depersonalization, and average daily contact with inmates had a positive association with feelings of reduced accomplishment. One strategy that administrators could employ to reduce staff burnout is to strengthen staffs’ emotional ties and feelings of loyalty to the organization, while attempting to decrease perceptions that the employee is trapped in the job.
Coercion and Social Support Behind Bars
Authors: Day Jacob C. , Brauer Jonathan R. , Butler H. Daniel
Published: August 2014

In this article, we examine key propositions from Colvin, Cullen, and Vander Ven’s Differential Coercion/Social Support Theory (DCSST) to explain inmate violence, misconduct, and resistance within prison. Results from logistic regression models applied to data from a sample of 481 prisoners incarcerated in state correctional facilities across the United States provide mixed support for the theory. Coercive experiences within prison are associated with engagement in violent misconduct as well as defiant and institutionalized forms of inmate resistance. However, social support is not consistently related to either misconduct or resistance. Furthermore, results suggest that prison staff can inhibit these reactive behaviors by effectively reducing violence and promoting safety within prisons. These findings have important implications for the status of DCSST and for advancing popular explanations of inmate misconduct.
Nomogram for Predicting Symptom Severity during Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sheu Tommy , Fuller Clifton David , Mendoza Tito R. , Garden Adam S. , Morrison William H. , Beadle Beth M. , Phan Jack , Frank Steven J. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Lu Charles , Cleeland Charles S. , Rosenthal David I. , Gunn G. Brandon
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Radiation therapy (RT), with or without chemotherapy, can cause significant acute toxicity among patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC), but predicting, before treatment, who will experience a particular toxicity or symptom is difficult. We created and evaluated 2 multivariate models and generated a nomogram to predict symptom severity during RT based on a patient‐reported outcome (PRO) instrument, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory–Head and Neck Module (MDASI‐HN).

Study Design

This was a prospective, longitudinal, questionnaire‐based study.

Setting

Tertiary cancer care center.

Subjects and Methods

Subjects were 264 patients with HNC (mostly oropharyngeal) who had completed the MDASI‐HN before and during therapy. Pretreatment variables were correlated with MDASI‐HN symptom scores during therapy with multivariate modeling and then were correlated with the composite MDASI‐HN score during week 5 of therapy.

Results

A multivariate model incorporating pretreatment PROs better predicted MDASI‐HN symptom scores during treatment than did a model based on clinical variables and physician‐rated patient performance status alone (Akaike information criterion = 1442.5 vs 1459.9). In the most parsimonious model, pretreatment MDASI‐HN symptom severity (P <. 001), concurrent chemotherapy (P =. 006), primary tumor site (P =. 016), and receipt of definitive (rather than adjuvant) RT (P =. 044) correlated with MDASI‐HN symptom scores during week 5. That model was used to construct a nomogram.

Conclusion

Our model demonstrates the value of incorporating baseline PROs, in addition to disease and treatment characteristics, to predict patient symptom burden during therapy. Although additional investigation and validation are required, PRO‐inclusive prediction tools can be useful for improving symptom interventions and expectations for patients being treated for HNC.
The Student Risk Screening Scale for Early Childhood
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Oakes Wendy Peia , Menzies Holly Mariah , Major Rebecca , Allegra Laurie , Powers Lisa , Schatschneider Chris
Published: August 2014

We report findings of two exploratory validation studies of a revised instrument: the Student Risk Screening Scale for Early Childhood version (SRSS-EC). The SRSS-EC was modified to reflect characteristics of externalizing and internalizing behaviors manifested by preschool-age children. In Study 1, we explored the reliability of SRSS-IE ( Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing) 14 scores by examining item-level data, internal consistency, and factor structure using exploratory factor analysis with 489 preschool-age students. Results supported retention of 11 items, resulting in the SRSS-EC 11 (with SRSS-EC E7 externalizing subscale and SRSS-EC I4 internalizing subscale). Next, we established convergent validity of the SRSS-EC 11 with two well-established screening tools: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Early Screening Project. In Study 2, we reported findings of a confirmatory factor analysis and a subsequent convergent validity study with 737 preschool-age students to determine generalizability. We offered limitations and future directions.
Teacher and TA Ratings of Preschoolers’ Externalizing Behavior
Authors: Wolcott Catherine Sanger , Williford Amanda P.
Published: August 2014

The present study investigated teachers’ and teacher aides’ (TAs) agreement in their ratings of preschoolers’ externalizing behavior and their associations with observed classroom behavior for a sample of children at risk of developing a disruptive behavior disorder. One hundred twenty-two teachers rated 360 students’ externalizing behavior in the first month of school, and within the next 6 weeks, children were observed in their classroom. Results indicated that teacher and TA reports were moderately correlated, teacher-rated severity of oppositional defiant disorder behaviors was related to agreement, and teacher/TA agreement did not predict observed externalizing behavior. In general, using teacher and TA ratings together versus a single informant’s rating did not provide a better estimate of information gathered from observational measures. Results demonstrate the importance of gathering observations and rating scales when evaluating preschoolers’ externalizing problems. Future work should explore factors that contribute to teachers’, TAs’, and observational methods’ differential evaluations of externalizing behavior.
Radiographic Landmarks for Locating the Femoral Origin and Tibial Insertion of the Knee Anterolateral Ligament
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , Demange Marco Kawamura , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Tirico Luis Eduardo Passareli , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Pecora Jose Ricardo , Camanho Gilberto Luis
Published: August 2014

Background:

Recent anatomic studies have confirmed the presence of a true ligament structure, the anterolateral ligament (ALL), in the anterolateral region of the knee. This structure is involved in the rotatory instability of the knee and might explain why some isolated reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligament result in a residual pivot shift. Therefore, when considering the least invasive method for reconstruction of this structure, it is important to identify the corresponding bony landmarks on radiographic images.

Purpose:

To establish radiographic femoral and tibial landmarks for the ALL in frontal and lateral views.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten unpaired cadaver knees were dissected. The attachments of the ALL were isolated and its anatomic parameters were quantified. Its origin and insertion were marked with a 2-mm-diameter metallic sphere, and radiographs were taken from frontal and lateral views. The obtained images were analyzed and the ALL parameters established.

Results:

The origin of the ALL in the lateral view was found at a point an average ± SD of 47.5% ± 4.3% from the anterior edge of the femoral condyle and about 3.7 ± 1.1 mm below the Blumensaat line. In the frontal view, the origin was about 15.8 ± 1.9 mm from the distal condyle line. The ALL insertion was an average of 53.2% ± 5.8% from the anterior edge of the lateral tibial plateau in the lateral view and 7.0 ± 0.5 mm below the lateral tibial plateau in the frontal view. In anatomic dissections, the origin of the ALL was 1.9 ± 1.4 mm anterior and 4.1 ± 1.1 mm distal to the lateral collateral ligament, and the insertion was 4.4 ± 0.8 mm below the lateral tibial plateau cartilage.

Conclusion:

The ALL origin on an absolute lateral radiograph of the knee is approximately 47% of the anterior-posterior size of the condyle and 3.7 mm caudal to the Blumensaat line. In a frontal radiograph, the ALL is 15.8 mm from the posterior bicondyle line. The ALL insertion is approximately 53.2% of the anterior-posterior size of the plateau in the lateral view and 7.0 mm below the articular line in the frontal view.

Clinical Relevance:

Knowledge of the anatomic landmarks of the ALL on radiography will permit minimally invasive surgical reconstruction with lower morbidity.
A Qualitative Synthesis of Adolescents’ Experiences of Living With Spina Bifida
Authors: Lindsay Sally
Published: August 2014

In this article, I explore the experiences and perspectives of youth living with spina bifida, the second most common congenital condition in North America, to inform the development of health programs. I undertook a thematic metasynthesis to integrate qualitative evidence across studies examining the experiences of youth with spina bifida. I used 10 electronic databases to search for and review 4,051 abstracts, and identified 12 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. I examined those articles using a constant comparative approach, drawing on concepts of normalcy and biographical disruption to inform understanding of three emergent themes: (a) the medical management of spina bifida; (b) the importance of peer and family relationships (i.e., social support, belonging, and challenges in peer connections); and (c) identity and self-concept (i.e., normalization). This metasynthesis provides insight for youth, parents, and clinicians on areas of life in which youth could use further support.
Warfarin Monitoring in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Lupus Anticoagulant
Authors: Crowl Ashley , Schullo-Feulner Anne , Moon Jean Y.
Published: August 2014

Objective: To review the available literature on international normalized ratio (INR) and chromogenic factor X (CFX) monitoring in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), specifically lupus anticoagulant (LA), and furthermore, to identify benefits of one monitoring test compared with the other in the presence of LA. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE (1946-May 2014) utilizing the following MeSH terms chromogenic compounds, anticoagulants, and factor X. Further articles were identified from original literature citations. Study Selection: All English-language studies were included that involved INR and/or CFX monitoring in APS patients that focused on a therapeutic anticoagulation level with warfarin therapy. Data Synthesis: A total of 55 articles were identified, of which nine are referenced because of their relevance for this review: three articles focus on the efficacy of utilizing INR monitoring in patients with APS, five focus on CFX compared with INR for therapeutic warfarin dosing, and one compares different thromboplastins utilizing both INR and CFX monitoring. INR monitoring in patients with APS, specifically LA, was not found to be reliable because thromboplastin reagents are sensitive to LA. Furthermore, when INR was compared to CFX, patients with LA had supratherapeutic INRs despite having CFX within goal range. Conclusions: In a subgroup of APS patients, INR monitoring may not be safe for determining the dose of warfarin because their INR values can be falsely elevated. Although CFX monitoring is more accurate, it too comes with its own downsides. Managing warfarin therapy in the APS population needs to be individualized.
Charcot Arthropathy of the Foot and Ankle in Patients With Idiopathic Neuropathy
Authors: Bariteau Jason T. , Tenenbaum Shay , Rabinovich Alexander , Brodsky James W.
Published: August 2014

Background:

Charcot neuroarthropathy in the developed countries is primarily associated with diabetic neuropathy. This study investigated a series of patients with Charcot arthropathy associated with idiopathic peripheral neuropathy to evaluate the natural history in these patients and to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment protocol used for diabetic Charcot joints.

Methods:

The records and radiographs of patients with Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle treated between 1986 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with known causes of or risk factors for peripheral neuropathy were excluded, identifying 82 feet in 59 patients with idiopathic neuropathy. Twenty-three (39%) were bilateral. The average age was 76 years and the average follow-up was 60 months. Data were analyzed for medical history and diagnoses, medications, anatomic classification of Charcot arthropathy, history of ulcerations, ambulatory status, shoe wear and bracing, and operative interventions. Patient care was based on previous published treatment algorithms, based on conservative management with operative intervention reserved for nonhealing ulcers, infection, and/or nonplantigrade, unbraceable feet. Therapeutic success was a plantigrade foot with healed soft tissue envelope that allowed weight-bearing.

Results:

In all, 55% involved the midfoot (type 1), 34% the hindfoot (type 2), and 11% the ankle, (type 3A). Seventy-one of 82 feet were successfully treated at the time of last follow-up. Thirty-six feet (43%) were treated nonoperatively with success in 33 (92%). Forty-six of 82 feet required operative intervention, with success at last follow-up in 38 (83%). There were 8 operative failures resulting in 2 transtibial amputations and 6 feet with persistent ulceration.

Conclusions:

This series of patients with Charcot arthropathy associated with idiopathic neuropathy demonstrated a wider spectrum of Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle than has been previously recognized or documented. At the present time, heightened awareness is needed to promote accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment in nondiabetic patients with Charcot arthropathy.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Restorative Counter-Spacing for Academic Sustainability
Authors: Jones David R.
Published: August 2014

By combining pertinent theories from environmental psychology and human geography, this article proposes a socio-spatial framework of principles, which could be used by academic actors, to reflexively embody and critically enact a bio-cultural connection. It contributes to an emerging line of research, which explores the importance of deepening attachments to local natural settings. By reflecting on an auto-ethnographic, personal account of a “Whale Watching” experience and indicative international university initiatives such as the “Oberlin Project” in the United States and the “University in a Garden” in Malaysia, the article illustrates these principles as both an institutional and an individual signpost for academic sustainability.
Set-Shifting Deficits: A Possible Neurocognitive Endophenotype for Tourette Syndrome Without ADHD
Authors: Eddy Clare M. , Cavanna Andrea E.
Published: August 2014

Objective: Tourette syndrome (TS) can be associated with cognitive dysfunction. We assessed a range of cognitive abilities in adults with TS without comorbid disorders. Method: Participants completed tests of sustained attention, verbal and non-verbal reasoning, comprehension, verbal fluency, working memory, inhibition, and set-shifting. We compared patients’ task performance with that of healthy controls, and evaluated relationships between cognitive abilities and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ADHD, impulse control problems, and mood disorders. Results: Patients with TS exhibited impairments on four measures assessing response inhibition, fine motor control, set-shifting, and sustained attention. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) discriminated best between patients and controls. Patients’ deficits were not correlated with tic severity or symptoms related to OCD, ADHD, or mood disorders. Conclusion: Deficits on the WCST could constitute a neurocognitive endophenotype for TS, reflecting dysfunction within neural networks involving basal ganglia, pre-supplementary motor area, and inferior prefrontal regions.
Fractionating Executive Functions of Adults With ADHD
Authors: Bueno Viviane Freire , da Silva Maria Aparecida , Alves Tânia Maria , Louzã Mario Rodrigues , Pompéia Sabine
Published: August 2014

Objective: To evaluate the performance of adults with ADHD considering the fractionation of executive functions into six different domains. Method: Participants were adult ADHD patients who were not under the acute effects of medication ( n = 48). Their performance was compared with that of a healthy control group ( n = 20) of comparable age, education, and nonverbal intelligence quotient. The cognitive domains assessed were executive shifting, updating, inhibition of prepotent responses, dual-task performance, planning, and access to long-term memory. We also assessed the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, anxiety, and depression by validated questionnaires. Results: Compared with controls, patients reported more symptoms related to ADHD, anxiety and depression symptoms and were impaired in the shifting cost measure and phonemic fluency (measure of access to long-term memory). Conclusion: ADHD in adults selectively impaired executive shifting and access to long-term memory, domains that may alter performance in a wide range of daily tasks.
Sociocultural correlates of cigarette smoking among African-American men versus women: Implications for culturally specific cessation interventions
Authors: Landrine Hope , Corral Irma
Published: August 2014

Low socioeconomic status, racial discrimination, and low acculturation are the major sociocultural correlates of smoking among African-American adults. This study is the first to examine all three variables simultaneously and to analyze gender differences in their association with smoking. Results for the sample revealed that low education and low acculturation predicted smoking but racial discrimination did not. For women, low acculturation was the sole predictor of smoking, whereas for men, socioeconomic status variables were the sole predictors. This suggests that low acculturation may be associated with smoking among African-American women only. Hence, culturally specific smoking cessation programs designed for low-acculturated African-Americans might be effective for African-American women alone.
Purpose in life is associated with physical activity measured by accelerometer
Authors: Hooker Stephanie A , Masters Kevin S
Published: August 2014

Previous research has shown that purpose in life, the belief that one’s life is meaningful and goal-directed, is associated with greater engagement in self-reported physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between purpose in life and accelerometer-measured physical activity. Community volunteers ( N = 104) completed measures of purpose in life and potential confounds and wore accelerometers for three consecutive days. Purpose in life was positively associated with objectively measured movement, moderate to vigorous physical activity, and with self-reported activity. These relationships were largely unchanged after controlling for potential confounds. These results suggest that purpose in life is a reliable correlate of physical activity.
Maladaptive health beliefs, illness-related self-regulation and the role of the information provided by physicians
Authors: Karademas Evangelos C , Paschali Antonia , Hadjulis Michael , Papadimitriou Angela
Published: August 2014

This prospective study in 119 patients with cardiovascular diseases aimed to examine whether (a) illness representations mediate the relation of general maladaptive health beliefs to patients’ coping behaviours and (b) these relations are moderated by the patients’ perception of the amount of information provided by their physicians. Personal control and illness coherence mediated the relation of maladaptive health beliefs to coping behaviour. The amount of the provided information buffered the negative relation of maladaptive health beliefs to illness representations and coping. Thus, the detrimental effect of general maladaptive health beliefs may be counterbalanced by the amount of information provided by physicians.
Subjective well-being associated with size of social network and social support of elderly
Authors: Wang Xingmin
Published: August 2014

The current study examined the impact of size of social network on subjective well-being of elderly, mainly focused on confirmation of the mediator role of perceived social support. The results revealed that both size of social network and perceived social support were significantly correlated with subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling indicated that perceived social support partially mediated size of social network to subjective well-being. The final model also revealed significant both paths from size of social network to subjective well-being through perceived social support. The findings extended prior researches and provided valuable evidence on how to promote mental health of the elderly.
Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique
Authors: Jayawickreme Eranda , Meindl Peter , Helzer Erik G. , Furr R. Michael , Fleeson William
Published: August 2014

A major objection to the study of virtue asserts that the empirical psychological evidence implies traits have little meaningful impact on behavior, as slight changes in situational characteristics appear to lead to large changes in virtuous behavior. We argue in response that the critical evidence is not these effects of situations observed in social psychological experiments, but evidence of stable individual differences obtained from correlations of individual’s behaviors across multiple contexts. The totality of the empirical evidence is shown to support this claim: broad traits are real, prominent, and consequential, and these traits, conceptualized as density distributions of personality states, exhibit remarkable consistency. In short, the evidence in favor of individual differences is empirically solid, and the study of ethics focused on virtue is not threatened by psychological research.
Regret and Counterfactual Thinking in the Face of Inevitability
Authors: Epstude Kai , Jonas Kai J.
Published: August 2014

Regret and counterfactual thoughts have been extensively studied in laboratory settings characterized by unlimited future options. Yet, evidence of counterfactual thought and its effects in real-life situations is scarce. The present study demonstrates the influence of regret and counterfactuals on HIV-seropositive individuals ( N = 182). Results show that HIV-specific regrets as well as counterfactuals exert negative influence on well-being. However, counterfactuals also increased the likelihood to behave differently in the future by indicating stronger safe-sex intentions. Retrospectively, participants experienced a relatively high level of responsibility for their infection, which increased the experience of regret. Taken together, our results show that regret and counterfactuals have functional and dysfunctional consequences in this health-related context. We discuss the theoretical implications as well as the practical consequences of our findings.
Cloud Computing Adoption Model for Universities to Increase ICT Proficiency
Authors: Okai Safiya , Uddin Mueen , Arshad Amad , Alsaqour Raed , Shah Asadullah
Published: August 2014

Universities around the world especially those in developing countries are faced with the problem of delivering the level of information and communications technology (ICT) needed to facilitate teaching, learning, research, and development activities ideal in a typical university, which is needed to meet educational needs in-line with advancement in technology and the growing dependence on IT. This is mainly due to the high cost involved in providing and maintaining the needed hardware and software. A technology such as cloud computing that delivers on demand provisioning of IT resources on a pay per use basis can be used to address this problem. Cloud computing promises better delivery of IT services as well as availability whenever and wherever needed at reduced costs with users paying only as much as they consume through the services of cloud service providers. The cloud technology reduces complexity while increasing speed and quality of IT services provided; however, despite these benefits the challenges that come with its adoption have left many sectors especially the higher education skeptical in committing to this technology. This article identifies the reasons for the slow rate of adoption of cloud computing at university level, discusses the challenges faced and proposes a cloud computing adoption model that contains strategic guidelines to overcome the major challenges identified and a roadmap for the successful adoption of cloud computing by universities. The model was tested in one of the universities and found to be both useful and appropriate for adopting cloud computing at university level.
The Needs and Opportunities for Medication Disposal Programs
Authors: Shealy Kayce M. , O’Day Patrick , Eagerton David H.
Published: August 2014

The continued increase in the usage of medications has led to a variety of negative consequences, including adverse effects on our environment and an increase in misuse/abuse of these products. Improper disposal of unused medications results in significant effects to wildlife and the potential to adversely affect human cells. Increases in misuse/abuse have resulted in significant increases in emergency department visits for drug-related issues. Drug overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Education of both health care providers and the general public about these issues and the proper disposal of unused medications is crucial.
When Global Value Chains are Not Global: Case Studies from the Russian Fast-Food Industry
Authors: Berman Danielle
Published: August 2014

While the global value chain (GVC) literature tends to analyze trade networks and supply chains that are global in the literal sense, I argue that domestically-bound chains led by global firms provide important cases for study through this analytical lens. Importantly, insights regarding the relationship between chain governance and opportunities for upgrading have significant implications for many developing markets even when foreign lead buyers are not fostering export-oriented production. In-depth interviews with representatives from foreign fast-food corporations and their domestic suppliers in Russia provide empirical evidence to support modifications to current theories to better account for how domestic contexts impinge on chain governance and the balance of inter-firm power. I identify factors that provide leverage for domestic actors in these supply chains: regulatory uncertainty, emerging domestic product markets, and the competing interests of foreign firms.
Thermomechanical deformation behaviour of DH36 steel during friction stir welding by experimental validation and modelling
Authors: Toumpis A. I. , Galloway A. M. , Arbaoui L. , Poletz N.
Published: August 2014

Friction stir welding is a solid state thermomechanical deformation process from which the plasticisation behaviour of the stirred material can be evaluated through the study of flow stress evolution. Flow stress data also supporting the development of a local microstructural numerical model have been generated. Hot compression testing of DH36 steel has been performed at a temperature range of 700–1100°C and strain rates from 10−3 to 102 s−1 to study the alloy's thermomechanical deformation behaviour in conditions that simulate the actual friction stir welding process. It has been found that the evolution of flow stress is significantly affected by the test temperature and deformation rate. The material's constitutive equation and constants have been calculated after analysis of these data. Preliminary numerical analysis results are in good agreement with experimental observations.