bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Analysis of HLA Class II-Restricted Neoantigen Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Breast Cancer
Authors: Morisaki Takafumi , Kubo Makoto , Morisaki Shinji , Umebayashi Masayo , Tanaka Hiroto , Koya Norihiro , Nakagawa Shinichiro , Tsujimura Kenta , Yoshimura Sachiko , Kiyotani Kazuma , Nakamura Yusuke , Nakamura Masafumi , Morisaki Takashi
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Neoantigens have attracted attention as ideal therapeutic targets for anti-tumour immunotherapy because the T cells that respond to neoantigens are not affected by central immune tolerance. Recent findings have revealed that the activation of CD4-positive T cells plays a central role in antitumor immunity, and thus targeting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II-restricted neoantigens, which are targets of CD4-positive T cells, is of significance. However, there are very few detailed reports of neoantigen vaccine therapies that use an HLA class II-restricted long peptide. In the present study, we retrospectively analysed the ability of HLA class II-restricted neoantigen-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines to induce immune response in five breast cancer patients. Methods: We performed whole exome and RNA sequencing of breast cancer tissues and neoantigen prediction using an in silico pipeline. We then administered dendritic cells pulsed with synthesized an HLA class II-restricted long peptide containing an epitope with high affinity to HLA class I in the lymph node. Results: ELISPOT analysis confirmed that a T-cell response specific for the HLA class II-restricted neoantigen was induced in all cases. TCR repertoire analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after treatment in three patients showed increases of specific T-cell clones in two of the three patients. Importantly, no recurrence was observed in all patients. Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated the immunological efficacy of the HLA class II-restricted neoantigen peptide dendritic cell vaccine against breast cancer and provides useful information for the development of neoantigen vaccine therapy for breast cancer.
Effect of Calcination-Induced Oxidation on the Photocatalytic H2 Production Performance of Cubic Cu2O/CuO Composite Photocatalysts
Authors: Chang Chi-Jung , Kang Chun-Wen , Pundi Arul
Published: December 2024

This study explores the H2 production performance of CuO/Cu2O with different morphology (nanocubes) synthesized by different methods using different sacrificial reagent (lactic acid), compared with the other three reported CuO/Cu2O photocatalysts used for H2 production. A cubic Cu2O photocatalyst was prepared using a hydrothermal method. It was then calcined at a certain temperature to form a cubic Cu2O/CuO composite photocatalyst. XRD, TEM, and XPS spectra confirmed the successful synthesis of cubic Cu2O/CuO composite photocatalysts by calcination-induced oxidation at a certain temperature. As the calcination temperature increases, the crystal phase of the photocatalyst changes from Cu2O to Cu2O/CuO and then to CuO. The effects of calcination-induced oxidation on morphology, light absorption, the separation of photoexcited carriers, and the H2 production activity of photocatalysts were studied. EPR spectra were monitored to analyze the oxygen vacancies in different samples. Mott–Schottky and Tauc plots were utilized to establish the band structure of the composite photocatalyst. Cu2O/CuO is a type II photocatalyst with a heterogeneous structure that helps to improve electron–hole separation efficiency. The H2 production efficiency of Cu2O/CuO composite photocatalyst reaches 11,888 μmol h−1g−1, 1.6 times that of Cu2O. The formation of the Cu2O/CuO heterojunction leads to enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and hydrogen production activity.
Fischer-Speier Esterification and Beyond: Recent Mechanicistic Advances
Authors: Mannu Alberto , Mele Andrea
Published: December 2024

Over the past 130 years, Fischer-Speier esterification has been established as the benchmark method for synthesizing esters from organic acids and alcohols. The reaction’s versatility, arising from the vast combinations of starting materials and the numerous catalytic alternatives to the traditional H2SO4, has maintained its relevance, with a steady flow of publications addressing new developments. This review highlights the most significant contributions to Fischer-Speier esterification over the past five years, with a particular emphasis on mechanistic advancements and innovative catalytic systems. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic approaches are discussed, including novel catalysts leveraging hydrogen-bonding interactions and systems offering fresh insights into specific reaction mechanisms and atypical methodologies. Some of these catalytic systems, as ionic liquids or sulfonated heterogeneous catalytic precursors, reached excellent yields (>90%), e.g., in the synthesis of fatty acids methyl esters. Also, classic catalysts such as H2SO4 and para-toluen sulfonic acid were optimized for quantitative conversions (e.g., in the esterification of trans-cinnamic acid with methanol). A consistent number of catalysts was studied with model substrates (as benzoic acid in combination with methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol), and new activation pathways were presented.
The Wilms’ Tumor Suppressor WT1 in Cardiomyocytes: Implications for Cardiac Homeostasis and Repair
Authors: Díaz del Moral Sandra , Wagner Nicole , Wagner Kay-Dietrich
Published: December 2024

The Wilms’ tumor suppressor WT1 is essential for the development of the heart, among other organs such as the kidneys and gonads. The Wt1 gene encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that regulates proliferation, cellular differentiation processes, and apoptosis. WT1 is also involved in cardiac homeostasis and repair. In adulthood, WT1-expression levels are lower compared to those observed through development, and WT1 expression is restricted to a few cell types. However, its systemic deletion in adult mice is lethal, demonstrating that its presence is also key for organ maintenance. In response to injury, the epicardium re-activates the expression of WT1, but little is known about the roles it plays in cardiomyocytes, which are the main cell type affected after myocardial infarction. The fact that cardiomyocytes exhibit a low proliferation rate in the adult heart in mammals highlights the need to explore new approaches for cardiac regeneration. The aim of this review is to emphasize the functions carried out by WT1 in cardiomyocytes in cardiac homeostasis and heart regeneration.
Different Time Courses of Mono- and Bi-Liganded Bursts of Channel Openings of Adult nAChR Molecules Formed by the Reactions of Transmembrane Regions
Authors: Ljaschenko Dmitrij , Pauli Martin , Mrestani Achmed , Dudel Josef , Heckmann Manfred
Published: December 2024

We recorded transmembrane currents through single nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell-attached patches at high temporal resolutions from cultured and transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Receptor activation was elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or epibatidine (Ebd) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µM, binding to one (Rαδ or Rαε) or both extracellular ligand binding sites (Rαδ+αε). Agonist binding to Rαδ resulted in very short openings with mean durations of (τo1 < 5 µs), while the binding to Rαε produced short (τo2 = 37 µs) and intermediate openings (τo3 = 187 µs). Binding at both sites (Rαδ+αε) generated long openings (τo4 = 752 µs). All durations are noted in brackets since missed closures could shorten the results. Mono-liganded bursts were elicited at 0.01 µM ACh or Ebd, lasted less than a millisecond, displayed the typical current amplitude, and were interrupted by frequent microsecond-scale closures (µBs) that often did not reach the zero current. In contrast, bi-liganded bursts exhibited classical full amplitudes and long open states lasting up to several milliseconds, interspersed with rare µB closures of a similar duration to those observed in mono-liganded bursts.
Cell-Based Glioma Models for Anticancer Drug Screening: From Conventional Adherent Cell Cultures to Tumor-Specific Three-Dimensional Constructs
Authors: Lanskikh Daria , Kuziakova Olga , Baklanov Ivan , Penkova Alina , Doroshenko Veronica , Buriak Ivan , Zhmenia Valeriia , Kumeiko Vadim
Published: December 2024

Gliomas are a group of primary brain tumors characterized by their aggressive nature and resistance to treatment. Infiltration of surrounding normal tissues limits surgical approaches, wide inter- and intratumor heterogeneity hinders the development of universal therapeutics, and the presence of the blood–brain barrier reduces the efficiency of their delivery. As a result, patients diagnosed with gliomas often face a poor prognosis and low survival rates. The spectrum of anti-glioma drugs used in clinical practice is quite narrow. Alkylating agents are often used as first-line therapy, but their effectiveness varies depending on the molecular subtypes of gliomas. This highlights the need for new, more effective therapeutic approaches. Standard drug-screening methods involve the use of two-dimensional cell cultures. However, these models cannot fully replicate the conditions present in real tumors, making it difficult to extrapolate the results to humans. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of existing glioma cell-based models designed to improve the situation and build future prospects to make drug discovery comprehensive and more effective for each patient according to personalized therapy paradigms.
CHI3L1 in Multiple Sclerosis—From Bench to Clinic
Authors: Jatczak-Pawlik Izabela , Jurewicz Anna , Domowicz Małgorzata , Ewiak-Paszyńska Alicja , Stasiołek Mariusz
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a complex and not fully understood etiopathological background involving inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. CHI3L1 has been implicated in pathological conditions such as inflammation, injury, and neurodegeneration, and is likely to play a role in the physiological development of the CNS. CHI3L1 is primarily produced by CNS macrophages, microglia, and activated astrocytes. The CHI3L1 expression pattern in MS lesions might support the important role of astrocytes in modulating inflammatory processes in this disease. The potential applications of CHI3L1 as a biomarker in MS are multifactorial. The measurement of CHI3L1 in body fluids might find its role in the early diagnosis of MS. In further stages, the monitoring of CHI3L1 levels might provide information on disease severity and progression, enabling a better adjustment of therapeutic strategies. Importantly, CHI3L1 might potentially serve as a marker of ongoing glial activation, reflecting the dynamic response of the CNS cells to the inflammatory processes in MS. Although preliminary findings have been promising, further research is needed to validate the utility of CHI3L1 measurements in the diagnosis and prediction of the progression of MS. Additionally, comparisons with other biomarkers might be useful in clinical practice.
Advances in the Diagnosis of Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma Combining Immunohistochemical and Molecular-Based Approaches: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Azúa-Romeo Francisco Javier , Bayona-Morón Sonia , Rodriguez-Perez Irene , Angulo-Biedma Bárbara
Published: December 2024

Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a benign uterine lesion with a premalignant potential and occurs in women of reproductive age. The histological pattern is characterized by irregular epithelial proliferation and muscular stroma. Based on a case report, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the main immunohistochemical and molecular markers that contribute to its differential diagnosis against endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). The distinction is essential for offering to patients a conservative treatment compared to the radical management required for endometrial cancer, a critical issue for the significant physical and psychological consequences that one procedure or another can have on women’s health. We performed a meta-analysis of the immunohistochemical markers used for the histological diagnosis of APA, comparing it with our case study. The evaluated markers were beta-catenin, h-caldesmon, desmin, vimentin, smooth muscle alpha-actin, CD10, Ki67, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), pan-cytokeratin, PTEN, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, p53, MLH1, and p16. Discrepancies were observed in the expression of CD10, h- caldesmon, and p16 when comparing APA with EC. The results of the case evaluated by our team showed beta-catenin nuclear expression and positive immunostaining for pan-cytokeratin, ER, and PR in the glands; smooth muscle actin and desmin positive expression in stromal muscle; and p16 positive immunostaining in squamous morules. Moreover, the c.94G>T p. (Asp132Tyr) mutation in the CTNNB1 gene was detected. This study supports the combination of appropriate immunohistochemical and molecular markers, along with the presumptive histological diagnosis, and determines the correct classification of the lesion as APA and not as other malignant pathologies, allowing for the establishment of a treatment protocol adjusted to the biological reality of this pathology.
Application Prospect of Multifunctional Hydrogel Coating in Household Field
Authors: Chen Zhangbei , Wu Zhihui
Published: December 2024

Hydrogel coatings are regarded as an ideal material for enhancing the health, safety, and environmental friendliness of the home environment, owing to their outstanding antifouling, flame-retardant, anticorrosive, and antibacterial properties. To fully exploit the performance advantages of hydrogel coatings in the domestic realm, this review comprehensively examines their preparation methods, the progress of modification research, and the application status in other fields. It is revealed that hydrogel coatings can not only offer benefits by dint of their inherent flame retardancy and oleophobicity but also encapsulate chemical substances within the porous structure of certain special hydrogel coatings, thereby augmenting their anticorrosive and antibacterial capabilities. Moreover, the favorable interface adhesion between hydrogel coatings and diverse substrates, along with extensive modification research, has furnished novel concepts for applications in the domestic domain, including but not limited to the multifunctional surface modification of soft furniture, kitchen and bathroom furniture, and children’s furniture. The research findings demonstrate that hydrogel coatings hold substantial potential for enhancing the functionality and environmental sustainability of household products.
Genetic Structure and Diversity of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) in Northern Eurasia and Caucasus: Are There Any Differences Between the Two Subspecies?
Authors: Sokolova Nadezhda A. , Oleynikov Aleksey Yu. , Korablev Nikolay P. , Korablev Pavel N. , Kaloyan Gor A. , Gyonjyan Andranik A. , Korolev Andrey N. , Hernandez-Blanco Jose Antonio , Sorokin Pavel A.
Published: December 2024

The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is a widespread semiaquatic carnivorous mammal in Eurasia. The nominate subspecies (L. l. lutra) occupies vast areas between Western Europe and the Russian Far East, but its phylogeography and genetic diversity are still unclear across Northern Eurasia. Another subspecies, L. l. meridionalis, located in the Caucasus mountains, is morphologically almost identical to L. l. lutra but needs genetic revision. We compared the genetic diversity of Eurasian otters from Russia and Armenia using a mtDNA fragment (820 bp) and 20 autosomal microsatellite loci (N = 117). A total of 32 haplotypes were observed with 17 novel haplotypes. The MtDNA median-joining network was mostly star-shaped with a branch of haplotypes from Far Eastern Russian otters. Both mtDNA analysis and Bayesian clustering of microsatellite data indicated that Far Eastern otters are more genetically differentiated than European and Siberian otters (Φst = 0.565 and 0.467; Rst = 0.306 and 0.256), as well as Caucasian otters (L. l. meridionalis) from Russia and Armenia (Φst = 0.515, Rst = 0.253). Haplotype and nucleotide diversities of Far Eastern otters are also the highest between sample groups (H = 0.882, π = 0.003) and, of Caucasian otters, the lowest (H = 0.464, π = 0.001). Our results suggest Caucasian otters are more similar to the otters from European Russia than to the other groups (but with lower genetic diversity) and lack the genetic variability typical to different subspecies. On the contrary, otters from the Russian Far East are more genetically differentiated, have higher genetic diversity than otters from Europe, and likely belong to another genetic lineage.
Evaluating the Role of CBC-Derived Indices in Children with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Munteanu Andrei-Ioan , Jugănaru Iulius , Nicoară Delia-Maria , Mang Niculina , Vasilescu Raluca , Brad Giorgiana-Flavia , Scutca Alexandra-Cristina , Asproniu Raluca , Cristun Lucian-Ioan , Mărginean Otilia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Recent evidence indicates that the inflammation may extend beyond the thyroid. The study aims to explore the potential of complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices as markers of systemic inflammation in HT. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study from 1 January 2015, to 31 December 2023 included 147 pediatric HT patients and 144 apparently healthy controls. Thyroid profiles, antibodies, CBC, and protein electrophoresis data were collected from patient records. CBC-derived indices were calculated and compared between the HT and control groups, as well as among HT subgroups. Results: The median age of HT patients was 13.6 years (range: 11.2–15.5 years), with 66% being girls. The control group had a similar age and gender distribution, with a median age of 13.7 years (range: 11–15.8 years) and 70.8% girls. Of the HT patients, 50% had subclinical HT, 15% were euthyroid, and 34% had overt thyroid dysfunction. HT patients showed significantly higher neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, as well as all evaluated CBC-derived indices than controls (p < 0.001)). These differences were not significant among HT subgroups. Logistic regression indicated a strong association between an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and HT diagnosis (p < 0.001), while ROC analysis confirmed NLR as the most accurate CBC-derived marker for distinguishing HT from controls. Conclusions: Elevated NLR levels in pediatric HT patients provide additional evidence that inflammation may extend beyond the thyroid gland. These results support the potential of NLR as a reliable and accessible biomarker for evaluating inflammation in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Temporary Flow Diversion in Oncological Embolization Procedures Using Degradable Starch Microspheres
Authors: Giurazza Francesco , Lucatelli Pierleone , Corvino Fabio , Argirò Renato , Roccatagliata Pietro , Ierardi Anna Maria , Niola Raffaella
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aims to report on the application of degradable starch microspheres to provide flow diversion by means of temporary embolization of healthy tissues in oncological endovascular procedures when tumor feeding vessels are not selectively accessible. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients undergoing visceral embolization procedures of malignancies. The inclusion criteria were as follows: flow diversion performed by injection of degradable starch microspheres, visceral embolization procedures with unfeasible superselective catheterism of the target, and a malignant pathology. Technical success was defined as complete flow diversion with temporary exclusion of the non-target district from arterial flow, associated with successful embolization of the target. Clinical success was intended as procedural achievement with patient clinical improvement. Results: Sixteen patients were included in this analysis. Peripheral embolization procedures were performed in the coeliac visceral district all in oncologic patients, including 4 transarterial radioembolization work-up procedures in patients with hepatocarcinoma, 10 chemioembolization procedures in patients with hepatocarcinoma (8) or cholangiocarcinoma (2), and 2 palliative transarterial embolizations in patients with gastric cancer. Technical success was obtained in 100% of the cases, while clinical success was reached in 87.5%: in two chemioembolization procedures, despite technical success, the procedural clinical benefits were partial, with an incomplete target lesion response. Minor complications occurred in five patients (31.2%). Conclusions: In this study, temporary flow diversion with degradable starch microspheres during oncological embolization procedures was safe and effective; this approach is suitable to protect healthy surrounding tissues when vessels feeding the target cannot be selected with the microcatheter.
Effectiveness of Lidocaine with Epinephrine Irrigation in Reducing Acute Pain from Surgical Removal of Mesioangular-Impacted Third Molars
Authors: Chatupos Vuttinun , Apiphathanamontri Molee , Yuthavong Sumatee , Chatiketu Piyanart , Hutachok Nuntouchaporn , Srichairatanakool Somdet
Published: December 2024

Background: Anesthetic irrigation is an effective treatment for postoperative pain suppression in patients after molar extraction, but exerts a short period of extraction. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of lidocaine with epinephrine irrigation on acute pain relief in healthy volunteers with inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection for the surgical removal of mesioangular (MA)-impacted third molars. Methods: A total of 28 patients (56 samples) with bilateral MA-impacted third molars were recruited. This study was a split-mouth, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Surgical procedures were conducted over two separate appointments. Each patient randomly received 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine for the irrigation of the extraction site after surgery on one side of the mouth and normal saline solution on the other side. The postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) as a pain indicator was recorded and statistically analyzed for both treatments. Results: The VAS levels at 3 and 4 h after surgery in the lidocaine group were significantly lower than those of the normal saline group. Increases in pain scores were recorded five hours after surgery in both groups. No complications were recorded during this study. Conclusions: Continuous local anesthetic irrigation appears to be effective in reducing acute postoperative pain in patients with IANB for MA-impacted third molar surgery. Clinical Trial Registry: Reference number ISRCTN13866362, Date: 1 October 2024.
Potential Impact of Microbial Variations After Peri-Implantitis Treatment on Peri-Implant Clinical, Radiographic, and Crevicular Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Di Spirito Federica , Pisano Massimo , Di Palo Maria Pia , Salzano Flora , Rupe Antonio , Fiorino Antonino , Rengo Carlo
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This systematic review evaluated concomitant trends in microbial (total biofilm load and pre-dominant pathogens’ counts) and clinical, radiographic, and crevicular variations following (any) peri-implantitis treatment in partially vs. totally edentulous, systemically healthy, non-smoking adults and compared them to peri-implant mucositis treated sites. Methods: The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024514521). Findings from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), evaluated through the ROBINS-2 tool, were qualitatively synthesized. Results: No data concerning total edentulism and treated peri-implant mucositis sites were retrieved from the included RCTs. Instead, as expected, in the partially edentulous subjects, peri-implantitis treatments effectively provided biofilm control, although Plaque Index (PI) tended to increase again over time. Notably, Bleeding on Probing (BoP) rose slightly after treatment but decreased markedly by three months, indicating, at least, a partial resolution of the infective-inflammatory process. Probing Depth (PD) showed a slower but consistent improvement throughout. Despite a return of PI levels by twelve months, BoP and PD continued to improve, underscoring the successful long-term outcomes of peri-implantitis treatment. Over time, variations in PI did not consistently reflect changes in predominant pathogenic species, especially at the 1-month follow-up; BoP aligned with predominant pathogens rather than total microbial biofilm load at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, and PD did the same at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, likely affecting peri-implantitis-associated microbiota. No data concerning crevicular parameters were retrieved in the included RCTs, and the extracted radiographic outcomes were not comparable. Conclusions: The impact of the microbial variations after peri-implantitis treatment on peri-implant clinical parameters highlight the critical role of dysbiosis, rather than total microbial load, in influencing inflammation and tissue destruction, emphasizing the need for targeted approaches to manage persistent pathogens and improve treatment efficacy.
Enumerating Finitary Processes
Authors: Johnson Benjamin D. , Crutchfield James P. , Ellison Christopher J. , McTague Carl S.
Published: December 2024

We show how to efficiently enumerate a class of finite-memory stochastic processes using the causal representation of ϵ-machines. We characterize ϵ-machines in the language of automata theory and adapt a recent algorithm for generating accessible deterministic finite automata, pruning this over-large class down to that of ϵ-machines. As an application, we exactly enumerate topological ϵ-machines up to eight states and six-letter alphabets.
A Power Analysis Method for Self-Interference Signal Components in Full-Duplex Transceivers Under Constant/Nonconstant Modulus Signal Stimulation
Authors: Sun Jia , Huang Jinping , Liu Yonghong , Wei Xizhang , Lai Jingtong , Xiao Jie
Published: December 2024

The existence of multiple self-interference (SI) signal components, particularly the nonlinear ones, seriously constrains the performance of self-interference cancellation (SIC) methods. To decrease the complexity of SIC methods in full-duplex devices, this article proposes a power analysis method for SI signal components in a full-duplex transceiver. The proposed method comprises a separate analysis algorithm and a system-level power model. Initially, the algorithm is conducted to obtain the spectrum of the linear and nonlinear components in the power amplifier (PA) output signal. Once the linear-to-nonlinear power ratio (LNPR) has been obtained, a system-level power model is constructed by taking both the transmitter noise and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) quantization noise into account. The proposed power model allows for the allocation of SIC method performance in multiple domains during the design of full-duplex transceivers at the top level, thereby reducing the overall system complexity. The simulation results demonstrate that in a full-duplex transceiver with only antenna isolation, the power of the SI signal component is susceptible to alterations due to the operating waveform and transmission power. Finally, the accuracy of the power analysis method is verified through measurement and Simulink.
Performance Comparison and Characterization of IPMSM Drives Fed by Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters
Authors: Frequente Gerlando , Caruso Massimo , Scaglione Gioacchino , Schettino Giuseppe , Miceli Rosario
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives powered by symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters. The asymmetric topology operates using multiple DC sources with different voltage values, generating a voltage waveform with more output voltage levels than its traditional counterpart, all while maintaining the same hardware configuration. The main goal is to demonstrate that asymmetrical multilevel inverters are a promising option for improving the performance of electric drives while maintaining cost-efficiency and reliability. The proposed comparison is conducted through simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink R2024a environment, which allows an in-depth analysis of the dynamic performance of the electric drive. Additionally, the variation of the DC link input power of each H-bridge and the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the voltage and current of the output of the converters were studied for different operating conditions in both cases. The obtained results were confirmed through real-time validation, demonstrating the applicability of electric drives powered by asymmetric converters and the advantages, in terms of efficiency, harmonic content and dynamic performance, in certain conditions of operation in terms of speed and applied load.
Assessment of Possibilities of Using Local Renewable Resources in Road Infrastructure Facilities—A Case Study from Poland
Authors: Stec Agnieszka , Słyś Daniel , Ogarek Przemysław , Bednarz Kacper , Bartkowska Izabela , Gwoździej-Mazur Joanna , Iwanek Małgorzata , Kowalska Beata
Published: December 2024

The rising demand for water and energy is driving the overuse of natural resources and contributing to environmental degradation. To address these challenges, the focus has shifted to low- and zero-emission technologies that utilize alternative sources of water and energy. Although such systems are commonly applied in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, facilities along transportation routes generally depend on grid connections. This study aimed to enhance operational independence and reduce environmental impacts by modernizing the Rest Area Stobierna (RAS) along Poland’s S19 expressway, part of the Via Carpatia road. A comprehensive technical, economic, and environmental analysis was conducted using HOMER Pro software (3.18.3 PRO Edition) and a simulation model based on YAS operating principles. The proposed Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) incorporates photovoltaic panels, battery storage, and a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS). Two configurations of the HRES were evaluated, a prosumer-based setup and a hybrid-island mode. Optimization results showed that the hybrid-island configuration was most effective, achieving a 61.6% share of renewable energy in the annual balance, a 7.1-year return on investment, a EUR 0.77 million reduction in Net Present Cost (NPC), and a 75,002 kg decrease in CO2 emissions over the system’s 25-year lifecycle. This study highlights the potential of integrating renewable energy and water systems to improve sustainability, reduce operational costs, and enhance service quality in road infrastructure facilities, offering a replicable model for similar contexts.
A Comprehensive Life Cycle Carbon Footprint Assessment Model for Electric Power Material Warehouses
Authors: Luo Yongjun , Tang Xinyi , Geng Lei , Yao Xiang , Li Feihong , Li Xudong , Wang Qingrui
Published: December 2024

Electric power material warehouses are critical to optimizing power grid supply chains and reducing carbon emissions, aiding the power sector’s decarbonization and climate goals. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there are no comprehensive assessments of the life cycle carbon emissions associated with storage warehouses, so the emission reduction potential of the ever-increasing number of automated technologies is still unknown. This study presents an extensive life cycle carbon footprint assessment model tailored for electric power material warehouses, and it encompasses both traditional and automated frameworks. Utilizing a process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, carbon emissions across five distinct stages are examined: storage buildings and facilities, loading and unloading, transportation, packaging, and information management systems. For this purpose, warehouses in Jiangsu Province, China, are employed as a case study. The results show that automating warehouses can achieve a reduction in total carbon emissions of 42.85% compared with traditional warehouses, with total life cycle emissions of 39,531.26 tCO2, and the transportation stage is identified as the predominant contributor. This research not only offers actionable recommendations for strategies, including renewable energy integration, intelligent control systems, and standardized packaging protocols, but also establishes a framework for future investigations of refining carbon accounting methodologies—particularly in underexplored domains such as packaging.
From Emotional Abuse to a Fear of Intimacy: A Preliminary Study of the Mediating Role of Attachment Styles and Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Finzi-Dottan Ricky , Abadi Hila
Published: December 2024

Based on the literature indicating that emotional abuse erodes children’s secure attachment bonds, this study aimed to examine a mediation model positing that insecure attachment (anxious and/or avoidant styles) would mediate the association between childhood emotional abuse and rejection sensitivity (rejection and acceptance expectancies), which, in turn, will be associated with a fear of intimacy. One hundred and eighty members of the Israeli public aged 21–30 who were in relationships participated in the study. The results showed that avoidant and anxious attachment mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and a fear of intimacy, acceptance expectancy mediated the relationship between avoidant and anxious attachment and a fear of intimacy, anxious attachment mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and both rejection and acceptance expectancies, and avoidant attachment mediated the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and acceptance expectancy. These results indicated the salient role of insecure attachment styles and their associations with rejection sensitivity in forming intimate relationships due to having experienced childhood emotional abuse. Intervention promoting “earned security” was recommended.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Highlights the Role of NlABCG14 in the Honeydew Production of Virulent Brown Planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) to Resistant Rice Variety
Authors: Jing Shengli , Geng Mengjia , Lu Bojie , Wu Bing , Shao Yuhan , Li Chenxi , Yu Qingqing , Xu Jingang , Hu Wei , Liu Qingsong , Yu Bin
Published: December 2024

Brown planthoppers (BPHs, Nilaparvata lugens Stål) are a major threat to rice cultivation in Asia, necessitating the development of pest-resistant varieties for effective management. However, the adaptability of BPHs has resulted in the development of virulent populations, such as biotype Y BPHs, which exhibit significant virulence against the rice variety YHY15 that harbors the resistance gene Bph15. The various response mechanisms of BPH populations to resistant rice varieties are critical yet underexplored. Via RNA sequencing, the present study identified distinct transcriptional profiles in avirulent (biotype 1) and virulent (biotype Y) BPH nymphs both before and after feeding on YHY15 rice. Our findings revealed differential expression patterns of gene clusters involved in protein synthesis, hydrolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, metabolism, cuticle composition, and translocation. Further analysis elucidated changes in the expression of genes associated with longevity and structural components of cuticles, highlighting specific disruptions in both biotype 1 and biotype Y BPHs. Moreover, the two biotypes showed differences in the expression level of genes involved in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. A functional assessment of ABC transporter genes revealed a role of NlABCG14 in the honeydew production of biotype Y BPHs to YHY15 rice, without impacting their survival and developmental dynamics. These insights deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of virulent BPHs response to resistant rice varieties and highlight potential targets for improving pest management strategies.
Preparation of β-Myrcene-Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Uptake and Toxicity in Aedes aegypti Larvae
Authors: Costa Lara T. M. , Rocha Bruna L. , Teixeira Cleidiane C. , Martins Hemilly C. , Silveira Mauren Cristine A. , Albuquerque Benedito , Cangussu Alex Sander R. , He Peng , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner S. , Maia Ana Maria S. , Smagghe Guy , Oliveira Eugênio E.
Published: December 2024

Mosquito control still relies heavily on synthetic molecules, which can lead to the selection of resistant populations and undesirable environmental problems. This study described the preparation of a nanoparticle of the plant-derived molecule, β-myrcene, with chitosan, and the assessment of its toxicity against larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. By producing fluorescent chitosan nanoparticles, we were able to observe their distribution in the digestive tract of larvae of Ae. aegypti. Chitosan-based nanoparticles containing β-myrcene (238 mg/L) could kill 100% of the larvae tested, whereas the blank control (i.e., the nanoparticle without β-myrcene) showed no larvicidal activity. The chitosan nanoparticles with β-myrcene had a zeta potential of +15 mV and a hydrodynamic diameter ranging from 30 to 2800 nm. The blank control, without β-myrcene, had a zeta potential of +26 mV and a diameter of 30 to 830 nm. Fluorescence analysis showed that the nanoparticles were efficiently absorbed and distributed in the digestive tract organs of the Ae. aegypti larvae. In short, our results reinforce the benefits of using chitosan to carry molecules of plant-derived-molecules, such as β-myrcene, in mosquito control, suggesting a broad internal distribution that contributes to their toxicity.
The Stress Response of Aphids to the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Along Vicia faba L. Under Cadmium Treatment
Authors: Xie Yexin , Wang Shasha , Wan Sijing , Chen Liya , Shen Qintian , Zhao Keting , Tao Shiyu , Zhou Wenjing , Zhang Xinyi , Tan Xiaoling , Xie Binghua , Tang Bin
Published: December 2024

Due to the intensification of human activities, the ecosystems are being polluted by heavy metals. The pollution of heavy metals in agricultural systems has become a serious issue of global concern. This study detected the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in broad beans and aphids through continuous exposure to varying concentrations of Cd pollution (0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 mg/L) and subsequently examined its effects on aphid energy metabolism and reproductive ability. The results showed that Cd can be transmitted and accumulated between Vicia faba L. and aphids along the food chain, and the amount of accumulation was related to the Cd treatment concentration. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of trehalase (TRE) and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) in F1 were significantly upregulated, and those of vitellogenin (Vg) were varied across the five generations of aphids after Cd treatment, which were up-regulated, and others down-regulated. Compared with the control group, the glycogen content and two types of trehalase activities of the first-generation Cd-treatment aphids were decreased, while trehalose content increased; there was no significant change in the carbohydrate content and trehalase activity of the fourth and fifth generations of aphids. In addition, the reproduction of female aphids was inhibited. This research is helpful for studying the toxic effects of heavy metals on insects and the adaptation mechanisms of insects to extreme environments. It also provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of Cd homeostasis in plants and insects under Cd stress.
Treatment Outcome of 2nd to 5th Metacarpal Fractures: Kirschner Wires Versus Intramedullary Screws
Authors: Walde Melissa , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Kaempfen Alexandre
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Most metacarpal fractures are isolated, simple, closed, and stable fractures and located distally. They are often caused by accidental falls, strikes by humans, by objects or traffic accidents. The majority can be treated conservatively. When unstable, angulated, malrotated or shortened, a surgical fixation of these frequent fractures is needed. To treat simple, spiral, distal or shaft fractures, intramedullary Kirschner wiring (KW) or intramedullary compression screws (ISs) are used. We wanted to compare the outcomes of those two treatments. Methods: In a retrospective study we analyzed the prospectively collected data of our hospital on the indication factors and outcome factors of selected patients with simple or spiral, distal or shaft metacarpal fractures of the second to fifth finger. Indication factors were sex, age, profession, hand dominance, comorbidities, metacarpal finger number, total active range of motion (TAM), rotation, soft tissue damage, localization, articular involvement, fracture type, dislocation and axial shortening. Outcome factors were TAM, rotation, splint time, return to work, bone healing and complications. Results: Out of 750 patients, 59 fractures could be included in this study, containing 34 in the KW Group and 25 in the IS Group. Only fracture localization and fracture type were significantly different in the two groups, with more shaft and spiral fractures in the IS Group. The primary outcome of TAM and rotation as well as the secondary outcome of splint time, return to work, bone healing and complication rates showed no significant difference. Only a difference in mean follow-up time was seen. Conclusions: Intramedullary screw fixation seems a valid alternative to KW fixation for certain fracture types regarding active range of motion and rotation after treatment, splint time, bone healing and return to work time. Only the tendency of an earlier return to work and a higher rate of full TAM after treatment was seen in favor of intramedullary screws.
Heart Rate Variability During Weaning from Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giordano Giovanni , Alessandri Francesco , Tosi Antonella , Zullino Veronica , Califano Leonardo , Petramala Luigi , Galardo Gioacchino , Pugliese Francesco
Published: December 2024

Background: The role of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices in predicting the outcome of the weaning process remains a subject of debate. The aim of this study is to investigate HRV analysis in critically ill adult patients undergoing weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Methods: The protocol of this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024485800). We searched PubMed and Scopus databases from inception till March 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies investigating HRV analysis in critically ill adult patients undergoing weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome was to investigate HRV changes occurring during the weaning from IMV. Results: Seven studies (n = 342 patients) were included in this review. All studies reported significant changes in at least one HRV parameter. The indices Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio seem to be the most promising in predicting the outcome of weaning with reliability. Some HRV indices showed modification in response to different ventilator settings or modalities. Conclusions: Available data report HRV modifications during the process of weaning and suggest a promising role of some HRV indices in predicting weaning outcomes in critically ill patients. Point-of-care HRV monitoring systems might help to early detect patients at risk of weaning failure.
Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infections Among Patients of Ukrainian Origin During the Influx of War Refugees to Poland
Authors: Flisiak Robert , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Martonik Diana , Janocha-Litwin Justyna , Berak Hanna , Sitko Marek , Mazur Włodzimierz , Janczewska Ewa , Lorenc Beata , Klapaczyński Jakub , Laurans Łukasz , Dybowska Dorota , Piekarska Anna , Tudrujek-Zdunek Magdalena , Dobrowolska Krystyna , Parfieniuk-Kowerda Anna
Published: December 2024

Background: The wave of wartime migration from Ukraine has raised a number of concerns about infectious diseases, the prevalence of which is higher in Ukraine than in host countries, with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection being one of them. Our analysis aimed to assess the percentage of HCV-infected Ukrainian refugees under care in Polish centers providing antiviral diagnosis and therapy, to evaluate their characteristics and the effectiveness of treatment with direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs). Methods: The analysis included patients of Polish and Ukrainian nationality treated for HCV infection between 2022 and 2024 in Polish hepatology centers. Data were collected retrospectively and completed online. Results: In the population of 3911 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with DAAs in 16 Polish centers in 2022–2024, there were 429 war refugees from Ukraine, accounting for 11% of the total treated. The Ukrainian population was significantly younger (45.7 vs. 51 years, p < 0.001) and had a higher percentage of women (50.3% vs. 45.3%, p = 0.048) compared to Polish patients. Patients of Ukrainian origin had less advanced liver disease and were significantly less likely to have comorbidities and the need for comedications. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus was significantly more common in Ukrainians than in Polish patients, 16.1% vs. 5.9% (p < 0.001). The distribution of HCV genotypes (GTs) also differed; although GT1b predominated in both populations, its frequency was significantly higher in the Polish population (62.3% vs. 44.5%, p < 0.001), while the second most common GT3 was significantly more common in Ukrainian patients (30.5% vs. 16.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Documented differences in patient characteristics did not affect the effectiveness of antiviral therapy, which exceeded 97% in both populations, but there was a higher rate of those lost to follow-up among Ukrainian patients.
The Importance of Multidimensional Frailty in Clinical Practice
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Pilotto Alberto
Published: December 2024

Frailty in older adults is a complex, multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors [...]