bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREVENTIVE PROCEEDINGS IN THE VISION OF THE CODE ON PREVENTINVE PROCEEDINGS OF INSOLVENCY AND OF INSOLVENCY - A FIRST STEP FOR THE HARMONIZATION OF THE EU MEMBER STATE'S LEGISLATIONS IN THIS AREA
Authors: Vâlcu Elise Nicoleta , Olah Lavinia
Published: February 2020

In order to improve and accelerate the insolvency with cross border implications, theCouncil has adopted the Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000 of 29 May 2000 oninsolvency proceedings establishing the common norms on the jurisdiction, recognition andapplicable law in this area, European norm which does not harmonizes the national materiallaw systems in the area of insolvency, thus it can be identified significant differences at anational legislative level regarding the insolvency in relation to fundamental considerationsof politics, structure and content, in other words, there are not unique insolvencyproceedings, with applicability throughout the European union. Nevertheless we consider thata first step in the achievement of a legislative uniformity was already taken, at least regardingthe unity regulation of certain preventive proceedings which will allow the avoidance ofinsolvency of the debtor, mentioning in this respect Law No 381/2009 on the preventiveconcordat and the ad-hoc mandate, whose provisions are taken from the new code on thepreventive proceedings of insolvency and of insolvency, code which eases the directapplication of the Council Regulation (EC) No 1346/2000.
REASONS FOR THE APPEAL FOR ANNULMENT ACCORDING TO THE NEW ROMANIAN CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
Authors: Tabacu Andreea , Duminică Ramona
Published: February 2020

With regards to the appeal for annulment, the New Romanian Code of Civil Proceduremaintains the possibilities of exercising this extraordinary measure of contest, as regulated inthe previous code. It adds, however, the reason for such a measure which is determined bynot respecting the rules in assembling the judicial panel. These are essential rules of judicialactivity and could have permanently affected the decisions of the appeal courts which couldnot be contested in any other way.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MEDIATION
Authors: Paraschiv Gavril , Paraschiv Ramona Gabriela
Published: February 2020

The procedure of mediation is an efficient method of amiably solving the differences,also used in the litigations regarding family violence, as it offers the party the possibility ofsolving the conflicts in a confidential framework, appropriate for eliminating the tensionsaccumulated and avoiding the asperities specific to legal trials.
A FEW CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE SPECIFIC LEGISLATION DEALT WITH BY THE LOCAL POLICE OFFICER
Authors: Mateaş Florian
Published: February 2020

The Local Police have extensive powers and function at the level of each locality where thereare Local Police forces. The Local Police Law1 transferred the powers that should be held bythe local communities in order for them to better carry out their work and be closer tocitizens, in terms of the protection of goods, protection of physical integrity, as well as themanagement of road traffic on public thoroughfares, especially in the inner cities, includingcar parkings and car lifting.
SUBSIDIARITY IN THE UNION LAW: A SUCCESS OR A FAILURE?
Authors: Lazăr Carmen
Published: February 2020

The principle of subsidiarity has been introduced in the Union law, as a constitutionalprinciple, by the Treaty on the European Union in order to protect the competences and theauthonomy of the member States from the interferences of the Union (the EuropeanCommunity at that moment) in the areas of shared competence. It is not sure today that it hassucceeded to fulfil this role. Due to their functional nature, the competences of the Union hasgradually expanded until now.
ABUSIVE CLAUSES IN INSURANCES DOMAIN
Authors: Gălăţeanu Oana Elena
Published: February 2020

The occurrence and development of some specialised domains in selling off productsand in providing services have generated also new forms of contracts, like adhesion contractsand typical contracts. Through their specificity, they lead to the occurrence of an imbalancebetween the services provided by the contracting parties, not in favour of the consumer or ofthe client, allowing the occurrence of abusive contractual clauses. Such clauses can occuralso in the contracts concluded in the insurances domain, contracts that have their characterof adhesion as a specificity element, the professional insurer being the one who establishesthe clauses, and the insured client adheres or not to them, not being able to negotiate.In this paper there are presented some clauses from the contracts concluded ininsurances area that can be considered abusive.
THE PATHOLOGY OF HANDWRITING AS A RESULT OF DRUG ABUSE. A CASE STUDY
Authors: Băncilă Violeta Gabriela
Published: February 2020

The case study highlights the importance of observing the damaged handwriting whichoccurs in drug abuse. Handwriting of a drug consumer presents certain characteristics whichare useful to be known and analyzed by certain specialists (forensic experts, psychiatrists)involved in research in both Criminal and Medical field. Handwriting analysis can become avaluable medical diagnosis tool for monitoring the progress made by drug addicts receivingmedication; the conclusions reveal the characteristics of damaged handwriting due to drugabuse, after analyzing several signatures of a 24 year old subject.
THE PHYSICIANS DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH PROCEDURE IN ROMANIA
Authors: Puran Andra Nicoleta
Published: February 2020

Like other professions in Romania the medical profession it is also regulated by speciallaws: Law no. 95/2006 on medical reform, the Code of Medical Ethics and The RomanianCollege of Physicians Status. The competent authorities to carry out to carry out disciplinaryresearch of the facts that constitute misconduct and specific procedural rules will be brieflyanalyzed in this paper.
THE NIGERIA 1999 ECONOMIC POLICY AND OBJECTIVE: AN UNFULFILLED MISSION OF EXPECTATION
Authors: Oyewo Ajagbe Toriola
Published: February 2020

The 1999 Constitution of Nigeria contains beautiful provisions for economic policy and objective under chapter two of the country’s fundamental objectives and direct principles of the state policy.  And by section 16 of the said Constitution, the economic objectives of the state are well spelt out that if followed to the letters, Nigeria would have been a paradise on earth and a country to be recognized as a developed nation.  But alas, the operators of the Constitution have woefully failed in this direction. Thus the majority of the people inNigeriaare left to wallow in despicable hunger, unemployment, poor living condition and lack of many indices of social and welfare developmental services.            The condition is so bad that unless all these unpalatable and monumental factors are well addressed, the country may sooner or later reach its waterloo of extinction.
SOME PARTICULAR ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE ROMANIAN AND FRENCH CONSTITUTION
Authors: Sferlea Elena
Published: February 2020

Part of a wider comparative research focused on the evolution of local government in Romania and France during the last twenty years and, in particular, on the progress made by the two countries in their common way towards decentralization, this study takes into account the relatively recent changes in the Constitution relating to local law and wants to emphasize the sometimes different approaches of legislators as reflected in the specifics of constitutional status in each country, especially the coordinating role assigned to the County Council, under Romanian law, and to the Senate as a national forum of local communities, under French law.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF CONTRACTUAL IMPREVISION
Authors: Gânfălean Ioan , Gheberta Ioana Nicoleta
Published: February 2020

This study is aimed to review the provisions of article 1271 of the New Civil Code and, in particular, the effects of contractual imprevision. We have attempted to outline the possibilities that this relatively new institution which has appeared in the Romanian legal landscape makes available to the parties in view of restoring the contract equilibrium further to the occurrence of exceptional circumstances, namely the limits set for the subsidiary intervention of the court when negotiations fail.
SELF DEFENSE IN THE NEW REGULATION. ELEMENTS OF COMPARED CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Barsan Magdalena Maria
Published: February 2020

Article aims to bring in the most important aspects of self-defense. The paper refers to issues of comparative criminal law regarding self-defense. The second chapter of the new Romanian Criminal Code describes those justifiable causes, certain circumstances which eliminate the second essential trait of crime - the unjustified character. The New Criminal Code chose to divide the causes which eliminate criminal liability in justifiable causes, those causes which make a deed lose its illegal character and non punitive causes, which remove the third essential trait of crime – accountability.
MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE IN THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Ghiţă Oana
Published: February 2020

The article 8 and 12 – European Convention of Human Rights regulate the right to family and private life and, respectively, the right to marriage. These rights have been transposed into the national legislation of the States-members of European Union. The two rights that we are speaking of, which can be found as a constitutional principle and as an ordinary law, tries to reduce the public authorities interference into the private and personal family field. The reality proves that the right to marriage has been broken by the impossibility of the spouses to marry because they can not be divorced. This is the reason why we have two different rights in European Convention: the right to private, family life and the right to marriage. Many European states still have a limited regulation of the reasons for getting the dissolution of marriage. The European Convention has nothing to do with such cases because does not regulates the right to divorce and it would be an interference into the national law. How can a person be married again if he/she doesn’t have the possibility to divorce? In these conditions, can we take the European Convention into consideration as a real instrument of protection for the right to marriage? The first precedent of ECHR jurisprudences limits the infringement of the right to marriage made by the national Courts because of the lack of regulations or a bad interpretation of it.
GOOD FAITH IN DOMESTIC SALES LAW
Authors: Iftime Emanuela
Published: February 2020

Good faith is a true principle widely established by the positive law. But how does this principle operate? How is the connection made between an undetermined legal standard, such as good faith, and the practical operations by which contractual obligations are fulfilled? The essay will answer to these questions by providing a comprehensive analysis of how the concept of good faith operates in a variety of national law systems.
DOCUMENTARY FRAUD AS SEEN BY THE DOCUMENTARY FRAUD BUREAU OF THE DIRECTION OF BORDER POLICE (Part I)
Authors: Mateaş Florian
Published: February 2020

Today, we are witnessing a globalisation and intensification which is unprecedented in the history of migratory flows in our country. These flows are now of a very complex nature as placed under criminal rule.With this level of organisation, we are not just trying to counter illegal immigration, but fighting against criminality. In this respect, the use of forged documents or documentary fraud in general is a great boon to the activities of the clandestine networks and constitutes an excellent means of introducing illegal immigrants into Western countries.
OFFENSE - THE ONLY GROUND FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Authors: Popoviciu Laura-Roxana
Published: February 2020

This study aims to examine the offence as the only ground for criminal liability. Article 15, paragraph 2 of the Criminal code provides that: “offences are the only grounds for criminal liability”, which implies the existence of an act, which is detected by the bodies empowered under the law in the form required by law, and also this principle comes as a guarantee of the person’s freedom because, without committing an act provided for by the law as an offense, the criminal liability cannot exist.The criminal liability is one of the fundamental institutions of the criminal law, together with the institution of the offence and of the sanction, set in the various provisions of the Criminal code.As shown in the Criminal code, in Title II regarding the offence, there is a close interdependence among the three fundamental institutions. The offence, as a dangerous act prohibited by the criminal rule, attracts, by committing it, the criminal liability, and the criminal liability without a sanction would lack the object. It obliges the person who committed an offence to be held accountable for it in front of the judicial bodies, to bide the sanctions provided for by the law, and to execute the sanction that was applied.The correlation is also vice-versa, meaning that the sanction, its implementation, cannot be justified only by the existence of the perpetrator’s criminal liability, and the criminal liability may not be based only on committing an offence.The criminal liability is a form of the judicial liability and it represents the consequence of non-complying with the provision of the criminal rule. Indeed, the achievement of the rule of law, in general, and also the rule of the criminal law implies, from all the law’s recipients, a conduct according to the provisions of the law, for the normal evolution of the social relations.
CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE COMPLIANCE OF ROMANIAN LEGISLATION WITH THE DIRECTIVE (EU) NO. 42/2014 REGARDING THE FREEZING AND CONFISCATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS AND PRODUCTS OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Uzlău Andreea Simona , Uzlău Marilena Carmen
Published: February 2020

The work analyzes the compliance of domestic legislation with the Directive (EU) nr. 42 of April 3, 2014 for the freezing and confiscation of the instruments and products of crimes committed in the European Union, in anticipation of the need to adapt it until the deadline laid down by it, namely October 4, 2016.
RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE THAT ELICIT LEGISLATIVE CHANGES IN THE HEALTH BUDGET
Authors: Oieru Dana Sonia , Popa Remus Amorin
Published: February 2020

Regarding the psychological factors as etiologic agents that trigger the somatic diseases has gained more and more ground in the past few years, successfully repeating that the human being is a bio-psycho-social entity. In order to render the psychological interventions more efficient for the management of the diabetes mellitus diseases, we must detect and modify those configurations of the early maladaptive schemes and coping styles that stick together in the so-called acquired vulnerability which makes the person liable to an inappropriate reaction against stress.
CYBERCRIMINOLOGY TRANSITION FROM TRADITIONAL CRIMINAL TECHNIQUES TO CYBERCRIME
Authors: Șinca George Marius
Published: February 2020

In the last decade innumerable profound analyses of the cybercrime phenomenon were carried out that have led to predicting a future cyber-attack called the cyber war. Until now there hasn't been a real threat of this kind. From a criminology point of view, these two worlds, the real one and the virtual one, are totally different, so it's up to us, the observers, theoreticians and practitioners to elucidate the connection between these two worlds. The transition to cybercrime by law breakers, made with a minimum effort, minimum investment and resources offered by the wide world users, sees that they could launch themselves into a no limits race.Investigating methods and techniques for traditional crime improved because of the technological evolution within the last years. Unfortunately the phenomenon of transition from traditional crime techniques to cybercrime has not been studied enough. Measures were taken regarding the law breaker and the crime but the research area of studying the cause of crime, remained untouched, which is a great disadvantage for the justice system, both for authority structures and civil ones, leaving behind an opened door for a new superior level of crime.
VICES OF CONSENT CONCERNING THE CIVIL LEGAL ACT
Authors: Vidican Roxana Denisa
Published: February 2020

Abstract
FEATURES OF INTERNATIONAL PROCEDURES OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION
Authors: Paraschiv Ramona-Gabriela
Published: February 2020

The idea of developing mechanisms to protect human rights emerged with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of French National Assembly, on August 26, 1789, which states that “the purpose of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man”. State Concerns for the international protection of human rights have increased but from the second half of the twentieth century, after the establishment of the United Nations Organization, who proposed that one of the aims to be achievement of international cooperation in promoting and encouraging respect for fundamental rights and freedoms of man, thus spurring the creation of protective mechanisms at global and regional levels, able to control the actual translation of regulations enshrining rights.
UNIFICATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF GOOD FAITH IN NEGOTIATING CONTRACTS: FROM NATIONAL TO INTERNATIONAL THROUGH THE INTERCESSION OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Dobrilă Mirela Carmen
Published: February 2020

This paper seeks to emphasize the idea and the efforts to unify the criteria for the assessment of good faith in the context of contract negotiation. In this regard, the paper observes the vision of the Romanian legislator regarding good faith in contract negotiation but also the existing vision at European level by highlighting links with existing coding projects at European contract law level and with other foreign civil codes in the context of certain aspects of comparative law.
THE CRISIS OF MODERNITY OF THE ARAB-ISLAMIC WORLD
Authors: Bereczki Raul Ludovic
Published: February 2020

The Westernization of Islam, which began at least two hundred years ago, has two major consequences: a positive one, meaning the enlightenment of the elites which tried to reform Islam; and a negative one, "the perverse effect of contact with the West", as the experts often call it, which consists of the development of religious sects within the Muslim societies. The direct and striking conclusion, upon first analysis, is that Islamic fundamentalism is the product of Western modernity. Of course, the line of explanation has its origin in colonial times, seen as a major disappointment by those Muslims who believed in the benefits of a European-style modernity, and continues with the Cold War period, with the examples of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where the mobilization of Islamist elements was beneficial in the fight against the Soviet enemy and the active proselytism practiced by the latter.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILD RIGHTS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ibraheem Tajudeen
Published: February 2020

As far as human rights law is concerned, children constitute a minority group. They are by their nature very vulnerable and thus merit special laws to cater for their needs as the well-being of generations to come depend on how well children are raised today. The writer takes a look at the Nigerian legal system as it relates to children. It examines the UN CRC and the Nigerian CRA 2003.
DISCIPLINARY AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF THE EMPLOYEE - FORM OF LEGAL LIABILITY
Authors: Micle Ioan
Published: February 2020

The duration and nature of the employment contract does not have an influence on the existence of any misbehavior. Any employee with employment contract, either fixed or indefinite period, even if they are on probation, is likely to respond to disciplinary action. Also, the person who performs work under a contract of employment which proves to be invalid is obliged to obey the order and discipline of work, being unable to defend himself against disciplinary action by invoking vices in the employment contract.
ANTI-AVOIDANCE LEGISLATIONS: ISSUES & DOUBTS IN THE APPLICATION OF TAX RULES IN NIGERIA
Authors: AbdulRazaq Muhammed Taofiq , Kayode Ibrahim Adam
Published: February 2020

For close to what seems a millennium, tax avoidance activities have plagued global tax jurisprudence especially in Nigeria where legislative and judicial solutions to it have remained illusory. This paper represents an attempt to analyse issues and doubts that trail the application of anti-avoidance provisions in Nigeria.
SUCCESSOR REPRESENTATION – A THEORETICAL APPROACH IN THE LIGHT OF THE NEW CIVIL CODE
Authors: Murzea Cristinel - Ioan
Published: February 2020

According to the current legal provisions, successor representation is that legal institution which allows a legal heir of a more distant degree in relation to the defunct, named as a representative, to gather the successor rights of his ascendant, called a represented, whether he renounced his inheritance, he is undignified or he proceeded the time of succession. Successor representation is a distinctive institution from that of representation both in regard to its legal nature and in regard to the effects it produces, a fact which is clearly pointed out in the new Romanian Civil Code.
Sprayed concrete lining versus traditional hand-mining at Bank station upgrade, London, UK
Authors: Nasekhian Ali , Onisie-Moldovan Alexandra , Ares Juan , Kelly Donal , Dryden Paul
Published: February 2020

Three new adits were required between existing underground railway platform tunnels on the Bank station capacity upgrade project in London, UK. Normally they would have been built by traditional hand-mining techniques with temporary support from within the platform tunnels. An innovative solution, involving a mechanised sprayed concrete lining with an optimised external support system, was developed as an alternative for two of the adits. Compared to hand-mining it provided greater working space, minimised hand excavation and manual handling, kept the railway operational and reduced the programme and costs.
What Happened in Money Markets in September 2019?
Authors: Anbil Sriya , Anderson Alyssa , Senyuz Zeynep
Published: February 2020

In mid-September 2019, overnight money market rates spiked and exhibited significant volatility, amid a large drop in reserves due to the corporate tax date and increases in net Treasury issuance.
Influence of Spray-Drying and Room Temperature Storage on the Anti- and Prooxidant Properties of Fermented Juçara Pulp
Authors: Bigetti Guergoletto Karla , Landucci Bonifácio Kamila , Sabbatini Barbosa Décio , Farinha Valezi Daniel , Salviato Aroldo , Di Mauro Eduardo , Iouko Ida Elza , Garcia Sandra
Published: February 2020

Many fruits and vegetables contain compounds with antioxidant properties, but the processing and storage conditions of the food industry may damage these beneficial compounds and produce free radicals that are associated with oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the antioxidant capacity and prooxidant effects of juçara pulp fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri or Lactobacillus plantarum before and after spray-drying with maltodextrin, gum arabic or gelatin and storage at 25 °C for 90 days. The antioxidant capacity was assessed by measuring the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the neutrophil respiratory burst and free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and by determining the total phenolic content. The prooxidant effects were analyzed as free radical formation measured by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Fermentation by both bacteria increased the antioxidant activity, while the spray-drying process decreased the content of phenolic compounds (65-85 %) and the DPPH scavenging ability, depending on the carrier usage. All of the samples inhibited ROS in the neutrophil burst, and the juçara pulp fermented by L. reuteri and dried with gum arabic exhibited the best performance. Spray-drying did not influence the intensity or type of free radicals detected by EPR. However, storage at room temperature decreased the antioxidant capacity and increased free radical formation.
La gobernación de los Quijos, Sumaco y La Canela Marcos del proceso de producción sociohistórica del territorio en la Alta Amazonía ecuatoriana, siglos XVI-XIX
Authors: Uribe Taborda Saúl Fernando , González Serna Aura , Tȏrres Aguiar Edvȃnia
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo explora la producción sociohistórica del territorio en La Gobernación de los Quijos, Sumaco y La Canela, Alta Amazonia Ecuatoriana. Desde una perspectiva historiográfica abordamos el proceso histórico y las dinámicas que motivaron a diversos actores sociales a ejercer su poder desde el siglo XVI hasta mediados del siglo XIX en la Alta amazonia ecuatoriana. El texto sugiere tres períodos de ocupación y producción del territorio: el primero aborda la conquista de la región Oriental (Amazónica), y problematiza la dominación del imperio español, con el apoyo de la iglesia y la imposición del régimen de las “reducciones”; el segundo, aborda el ocaso español y el inicio de las misiones religiosas en la Amazonia; y el tercero se aproxima al período Republicano y la producción socio política del Oriente.
Efficacy and safety of the biosimilar medicinal product Tigerase® (dornase alfa) in long-term symptomatic treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis: results of a phase III clinical trial
Authors: Amelina E. L. , Krasovskiy S. A. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Asherova I. K. , Zilber I. E. , Trishina S. V. , Kozyreva L. S. , Kudelya L. M. , Magnitskaya O. V. , Ponomareva N. D. , Revel-Muroz N. P. , Reutskaya E. M. , Stepanenko T. A. , Fadeeva T. G. , Seitova G. N. , Uhanova O. P.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the results of a phase III clinical trial to compare the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of the biosimilar medicinal product Tigerase® (dornase alpha) (Generium JSC, Russia) and the reference medicinal product Pulmozyme® (F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Switzerland) with the purpose of establishing their comparability for symptomatic treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods. The study included 100 patients aged 18 years and older with a confirmed diagnosis of CF, who were divided into two groups by stratified randomization in a ratio of 1 : 1 based on the initial level of FEV1 (40–60% or > 60–100% from due value). Tigerase® or Pulmozyme® were used in a dose of 2.5 mg daily, once a day in the form of inhalations using a jet nebulizer compressor for 24 weeks.

Results and discussion: The analysis of the data regarding the primary efficacy endpoint – changes in FEV1 – showed that in both groups (FAS population (Full analyses set) and PP population (Per protocol)), similar changes in FEV1 were observed. The average value of changes in FEV1 after 24 weeks of treatment compared with the initial level in the FAS population was –1.3% ± 9.8 % (95% CI (–4.1; 1.6)) in Group I (Tigerase®) and –1.9% ± 10.0% (95% CI (–4.7; 1.0)) in Group II (Pulmozyme®). The point estimate for the intergroup difference in changes in FEV1 (Group I – Group II) was 0.6%. The calculated 95% CI for the difference in changes in FEV1 in the FAS population was (–3.3; 4.6%]. In both populations studied, the intergroup difference in changes in FEV1 did not exceed 6%. During long-term treatment of patients with CF, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of efficacy (changes in FEV1 and FVC; number of exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease and the number of days before its development; change in body weight; quality of life) between medicinal products in both studied populations (FAS and PP).

Conciusion. A safety analysis demonstrated the comparability of medicinal products in terms of the incidence of adverse events. The frequency of detection of antibodies to dornase alpha during the study was similar in the treatment groups; the formation of antibodies did not lead to a decrease in the efficacy and safety of therapy.
Ectopic olfactory receptors in the respiratory system
Authors: Mineev V. N.
Published: February 2020

New findings and concepts on a role of so-called “ectopic” chemosensory receptors arise recently. The ectopic receptors are expressed outside their classical localization (nasal cavity) and referred to as extra-nasal olfactory receptors. Functional investigations of the ectopic olfactory receptors in the lungs are also ongoing. To date, it is well-known that molecules of odorous substances (odorants) bind to the G-protein-associated olfactory receptor (Gαolf) that can activate type III adenylate cyclase and increase concentration of a secondary messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In turn, this induces the opening of cAMP-dependent cationic channels including calcium channels. Olfactory receptor activation in neuroendocrine cells of the lungs affected serotonin release which decreased after the stimulation of those cells by an odorant. Amyl butyrate and burgenal, agonists of OR2AG1 and OR1D2 olfactory receptors, respectively, affect smooth muscle contractibility in human bronchi. Amyl butyrate inhibits histamine-induces muscle contractibility, whereas burgenal increases the smooth muscle contractibility. Both the processes are mediated by cAMP-dependent increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. Data have been published about the receptor expression on immune cells such as monocytes, natural killers, T- and B-lymphocites, and polymorphonuclears. Ectopic olfactory receptors are thought to participate in modulation (controlling) of intrinsic cell functions which provide a special role of inflammatory cells in asthma. In future, the olfactory receptor modulation could be probably used as a novel therapeutic approach in asthma and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
Intestinal microbiom modulates the response to antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Olekhnovich E.I. , Manolov A.I. , Pavlenko A.V. , Konanov D.N. , Fedorov D.E. , Tikhonova P.O. , Glushchenko O.E. , Ilina E.N.
Published: February 2020

Numerous studies confirm the high degree of involvement of the intestinal microbiota in most processes in the human body. There is evidence for the effect of intestinal microbiota on the success of chemo and immunotherapy of oncological diseases. It is assumed that the intestinal microbiota exhibits an indirect effect on the antitumor therapy through such mechanisms as general immunomodulation, an increase in cells that specifically respond to antigens of both microbial and tumor origin, metabolism, degradation (utilization) of drug compounds. The intestinal microbiota is currently considered as an additional, but important target for studying the effective use of antitumor therapy and reducing its toxicity, as well as a predictor of the success of immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the results of studies published to date that confirm the relationship between gut microbiome and antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Despite the promising and theoretically substantiated conclusions, there are still some discrepancies among the existing data that will have to be addressed in order to facilitate the further development of this direction.
Effect of cyanopyrrolidine derivatives on the activity of prolylendopeptidase, acute exudative inflammation and visceral pain in mice
Authors: Ivanova E.A. , Zolotov N.N. , Pozdnev V.F. , Voronina T.A.
Published: February 2020

Cyanopyrrolidine derivatives benzyloxycarbonyl-methionyl-cyanopyrrolidine (ZMetPrdN), benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanyl- cyanopyrrolidine (ZPhePrdN), tert-butyl-hydroxycarbonyl-glycyl-cyanopyrrolidine (BocGlyPrdN), tert-butyl-hydroxycarbonyl-methionyl-cyanopyrrolidine (BocMetPrdN) are inhibitors of prolylendopeptidase (PREP; EC 3.4.21.26) with an IC50 of 2 nM to 12 nM. ZMetPrdN, ZPhePrdN and BocMetPrdN additionally inhibited dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4; EC 3.4.14.5) with an IC50 of 1100 nM to 3200 nM. All the compounds have antinociceptive properties in the acetic acid writhing test in mice. But only cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with aromatic substituents decrease exudative inflammation. The cyanopyrrolidine derivatives also increase PREP activity and compensatorily reduce DPP-4 activity in the serum of mice three hours after the induction of inflammation. Thus, cyanopyrrolidine derivatives exhibit antinociceptive and antiexudative properties in part via their effect on PREP.
Relationship between supernatant cytokines and expression of markers of epitelial-mesenchymal transition of invasive breast carcinoma of non-specific lymphynosis type
Authors: Autenshlyus A.I. , Studenikina A.A. , Arkhipov S.A. , Davletova K.I. , Zhurakovsky I.P. , Proskura A.V. , Varaksin N.A. , Lyakhovich V.V.
Published: February 2020

The relationship between the content of supernatant cytokines and the expression of non-specific type of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in the presence (group II) and the absence of lymphogenous metastasis (group I) were studied in biopsy specimens of mammary invasive breast carcinoma. The concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β and IL-1Ra, as well as the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition – cadherin-E (CDH1), β-1 integrin (CD29) and type II collagen (CII) were assayed. Results have shown that patients of these groups statistically significantly differed in spontaneous production of IL-18 and G-CSF, in terms of the index of the effect of the polyclonal activator on G-CSF production. There was a correlation between the parameter of CII expression in tumor tissue and the production of cytokines by tumor biopsy specimens; it was characteristic of all patients with invasive carcinoma of a non-specific type, and correlations, both direct and reverse between the expression indices of CDH1, CD29 and cytokine production varied depending on the presence or the absence of lymphogenous metastasis. The study revealed the features of the correlation between the production of cytokines by the tumor, its microenvironment and the expression of IHC markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients with invasive non-specific breast carcinoma in the presence and absence of lymphogenous metastasis.
Ten years’ experience of augmentation cystoplasty for varied indications and its outcome
Authors: Athawale Hemangi R. , Mane Shivaji B. , Vagheriya Natasha , More Prathamesh , Daginawala Taha
Published: February 2020

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate long term efficacy and complications of augmentation cystoplasty in patients with bladder dysfunction.  Methods: Our series comprises of 30 patients undergoing enterocystoplasty from March 2009 till December 2019. Clinical findings and investigations result along with surgical techniques used were noted for these patients. Postoperative complications along with urinary continence and renal outcome were evaluated.Results: Mean age of patients was 7 years and their mean follow up was for 4 years. Major complications occurred in 5 patients which were successfully managed and minor complication in 8 patients. Of these 16 patients were with neurogenic bladder and 14 with non-neurogenic bladder. The primary etiology of non-neurogenic bladder was extrophy epispadias complex (10 patients), posterior uretheral valves (2 patients), anterior uretheral valve (1 patient), and bilateral ectopic ureter (1 patient). The primary etiology of neurogenic bladder was meningomyocele (4 patients), anorectal malformation with vertebral anomalies (7 patients), partial sacral ageneis (4), nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (1 patient). Relative continence was achieved in 97%. The preoperative serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at the time of bladder augmentation (termed  creatinine-1 and BUN-1)and the serum  creatinine and BUN at the last follow up after bladder augmentation (termed  creatinine-2 and BUN-2)were sought and compared using chi square test showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.01).Conclusions: Augmentation cystoplasty is a necessary and safe procedure to increase the functional capacity of small contracted and poorly compliant bladder and allows patients to achieve relative continence and preserves renal function.
As Interações Virtuais entre Clientes e Gerência de Hotéis do Brasil: um estudo sob a ótica da Teoria da Atribuição
Authors: Macedo Camila Prata , Portela Gizmelry Fontes , Freitas Ana Augusta Ferreira de
Published: February 2020

Objetivou-se com esse estudo analisar o comportamento de hotéis no site TripAdvisor.com, a partir das três dimensões da teoria da atribuição: causa, controle e responsabilidade. Em termos de corpus empírico, a pesquisa baseou-se na análise de 300 comentários escolhidos após aplicação de alguns filtros, que foram extraídos dessa plataforma de revisões online, tomando por base 31 hotéis. Os resultados indicaram inicialmente que a maioria das reclamações feitas pelos hóspedes tinham relação com a Infraestrutura, com os Serviços e com o Atendimento. Uma análise do conteúdo dos comentários mostrou que os clientes percebem que a culpa dos acontecimentos ruins é, em sua maioria, do hotel. Mostrou ainda que eles acreditam que os problemas identificados tinham causas estáveis, e que poderiam ter sido controlados pelas empresas, já que em suas visões elas eram responsáveis pelos ocorridos. Implicações de natureza gerencial são indicadas no texto a partir dos achados, visando refletir sobre o desempenho dos hotéis quanto ao relacionamento com os seus clientes, e a possibilidade destes adotarem métodos de abordagem e tratamento das informações disponíveis em plataformas virtuais.
A Base orientadora da ação para a leitura compreensiva de textos de Ciências: um estudo com estudantes de Pedagogia
Authors: Façanha Alessandro Augusto Barros , Azevedo Micarla Silva  de
Published: February 2020

Este estudo traz os resultados de uma investigação sobre a orientação da ação utilizada por estudantes de pedagogia para ler textos de conteúdo das ciências a fim de relacionar a base orientadora da ação com os conhecimentos profissionais para ensinar ciências. Tem como marco teórico a teoria da atividade de Leontiev e teoria da formação das ações mentais e dos conceitos de P. Ya. Galperin, como proposta metodológica realizou um estudo exploratório da temática a partir de um esboço do experimento formativo com a aplicação de uma prova pedagógica. Os resultados demonstram a caracterização da orientação dos futuros professores de ciências a partir das quais é possível compreender as dimensões cognoscitivas dos estudantes em relação à leitura compreensiva sendo possível constatar preliminarmente que a orientação da ação da maioria dos estudantes investigados não corresponde ao que se espera do ideal em relação ao sistema estrutural e operacional da ação
Panorama das pesquisas sobre a análise de recursos didáticos no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciência (ENPEC)
Authors: Sousa Thiago Weslei de Almeida , Queirós Wellington Pereira de
Published: February 2020

É cada vez mais presente a discussão em torno dos recursos didáticos (RD’s) no campo do ensino. Levando em consideração a importância e, sabendo-se, que, sua especificidade sinaliza para a real otimização da aprendizagem, o trabalho em questão propõe-se a explorar, por meio da pesquisa documental, tipo síntese, as pesquisas apresentadas no ENPEC, sobre a análise de RD’s no período de 2008 a 2017. Em suma, os resultados do presente estudo mostram que as pesquisas sobre a análise de RD’s têm se concentrado no nível de Ensino Básico e, de maneira geral, apresenta certa carência de trabalhos, tanto nas disciplinas de Física e Química, quanto nos níveis do Ensino Superior e Pós-Graduação. O recurso didático mais analisado foi o livro didático e os conteúdos provenientes das disciplinas de Biologia e Ciências Naturais, como a Genética, são mais enfocados, como pano de fundo. Assim, a presente pesquisa aponta para a necessidade de ampliação das possibilidades de utilização e análise dos RD’s, encontrando-se aí uma demanda no campo do ensino de ciências.
Reflexos e reflexões sobre Educação Matemática e inclusão a partir de uma aula para surdos, e um surdocego
Authors: Wanzeler Edson Pinheiro , Sales Elielson Ribeiro de
Published: February 2020

O presente texto, de abordagem qualitativa, construído a partir de revisão de literatura e resgate de registros audiovisuais da pesquisa de um professor de matemática em uma unidade especializada na educação de surdos no município de Belém/PA, no ano de 2008, tem por objetivo refletir acerca da importância do re/conhecer a individualidade do sujeito e a necessidade de encontrar uma forma de comunicação que permita uma interação para o processo socioeducacional, a partir de um episódio em aulas de matemáticas com alunos surdos e uma aluna surdocega. Para isso, o texto está constituído em três episódios que apresentam reflexões sobre a educação matemática e inclusão de alunos exclusos dentre um grupo de minoria, em geral, excluídos pela própria sociedade, com o exemplo de Ana, uma aluna surdocega, estudante de uma turma de alunos surdos. Os resultados das reflexões indicam que precisa se conhecer e construir uma comunicação e iteração para que a inclusão ocorra em qualquer ambiente social e educacional, em especial em aulas de matemática.
Contribuições das estratégias metacognitivas para a formação de professores que ensinam ciências nos anos iniciais
Authors: Ramos Elizangela Das Silva Barboza , Silva-Forsberg Maria Clara
Published: February 2020

Neste trabalho, relatamos a experiência no Estágio Docência, exigência de nossa formação doutoral em andamento, que objetiva evidenciar as contribuições das estratégias metacognitivas na formação inicial de professores que ensinam Ciências nos anos iniciais. Considerando a abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, analisamos os registros nos Diários de Campo das alunas que realizaram o Estágio Supervisionado II do Curso de Pedagogia para identificar e discutir, à luz da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), os resultados das estratégias utilizadas na elaboração e na execução de aulas de Ciências Naturais ministradas pelas alunas. Os registros revelam momentos de reflexão e autoconhecimento, demonstrando relevantes apontamentos sobre a formação docente pautada em uma cultura científica. Com isso, constatamos a necessidade de favorecer espaços de discussão e construção coletiva dos saberes necessários para o ensino de Ciências nos anos iniciais, permitindo às alunas olharem para si mesmas em um processo de autoconhecimento, ressignificando suas memórias, crenças e percepções como forma de potencializar seu conhecimento para o exercício docente científico e socialmente comprometido.
Doppler de arterias uterinas en el primer trimestre del embarazo para la detección de los trastornos hipertensivos asociados con el embarazo: estudio de cohorte. Bogotá (Colombia) 2007-2008
Authors: Cortés-Yepes Hernán
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: determinar la utilidad diagnóstica y el poder de detección del índice de pulsatilidad anormal de las arterias uterinas durante el primer trimestre del embarazo en relación con la aparición de preeclampsia en una población de bajo riesgo.Metodología: estudio de cohorte prospectivo, en el cual se midió el índice de pulsatilidad de las arterias uterinas en 444 pacientes que asistieron a control prenatal normal entre las semanas 11 y 14 de gestación. Se evaluó de manera prospectiva la aparición de preeclampsia o hipertensión gestacional y preeclampsia severa y se determinaron las características operativas de esta prueba a diferentes puntos de corte.Resultados: en total, 30 pacientes presentaron preeclampsia o hipertensión gestacional (7,8%) y 6 desarrollaron preeclampsia severa (1,5%). El índice de pulsatilidad de las arterias uterinas durante el primer trimestre fue significativamente más alto en las mujeres que luego desarrollaron preeclampsia que en aquellas que no la presentaron (1,9 - 1,45, p=0,0001). Asimismo, este índice mostró un mejor desempeño para la detección de preeclampsia severa.Conclusión: el presente estudio demuestra que un Doppler anormal durante el primer trimestre se asocia de manera significativa con el desarrollo de preeclampsia. De este modo, esta prueba puede ser una herramienta útil para seleccionar a las mujeres que se beneficiarían de una vigilancia más estrecha durante el control prenatal.
Papel de la inmunología en la endocrinología ginecológica: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Díaz-Yamal Ivonne , Ruiz-Wagner Carolina
Published: February 2020

Objetivos: revisar la asociación que existe entre los diferentes mecanismos inmunes y los eventos endocrinos necesarios para la regulación de la reproducción humana.Metodología: el presente trabajo es una revisión sistemática cualitativa, para la cual se consultaron las bases de datos de Ovid y PubMed/Medline, seleccionando artículos publicados entre 1984 y 2009 referentes a estudios en animales y humanos que demostraran la relación existente entre los esteroides y la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas con el sistema inmune, así como su expresión en algunas enfermedades de tipo autoinmune.Resultados: muchos estudios experimentales en animales han demostrado una asociación entre el sistema inmune y los diferentes ejes neuroendocrinos que regulanla reproducción humana. Aunque en el hombre no han sido dilucidados los mecanismos definitivos, se ha observado que la Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone [GnRH]) y los esteroides sexuales tienen efectos a nivel de la programación del sistema inmune y su modulación. De la misma forma, se advierte que sistemas inmunes como el de la interleucina-1 juegan un papel importante en la regulación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-gónada y de otros ejes involucrados en la reproducción.Conclusiones: la GnRH y los esteroides son moduladores de la respuesta inmune de manera que pueden estimularla o suprimirla. Los sistemas inmunes como el de interleucinas (IL-1) tienen efectos antigonadotróficos a nivel central, y esteroidogénicos a nivel ovárico, relacionándose así con otros sistemas como el adrenal y el tiroideo con respecto a la ovulación y a la formación del cuerpo lúteo y su regresión; procesos importantes en la reproducción.
EATING DISORDERS AND PREGNANCY: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Poznukhova Evgeniya V. , Murashko A. A , Kurinova A. N
Published: February 2020

This review highlights the features that affect fertility and pregnancy in women with eating disorders, possible complications and clinical management of such patients by an obstetrician-gynecologist. Such obstetric and gynecological aspects associated with eating disorders as fertility disorders, unplanned pregnancy, intrauterine growth retardation, miscarriage and premature labor, deficit of lactation and others are considered. We also describe the influence of pregnancy on the course of eating disorders: the possibility of remission, followed by a high risk of relapse, postpartum depression and anxiety disorders. Moreover, we talk about the necessity of screening eating disorders among women of reproductive age and the importance of multidisciplinary management of pregnancy in such patients.