bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acknowledging Anti‐Blackness, Overlooking Anti‐Asian Racism: Missed Developmental Opportunities for Chinese American Youth
Authors: Lee Helen , Lei Quinmill , Su Grace , Zhang Sara
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the pathways and barriers to critical consciousness development for Chinese American youth. Thirty‐five interviews conducted in 2020 with high‐school‐aged students in Chicago were analyzed to better understand young people’s experiences developing an understanding of anti‐Asian racism and anti‐Blackness. Results indicated that participants overwhelmingly engaged in sustained conversations about Black Lives Matter and/or made efforts to address anti‐Blackness within their families, but engaged in limited conversations about anti‐Asian racism. Furthermore, conversations at home and school often failed to contextualize anti‐Asian racism, specifically in relation to the experiences of other oppressed groups. Findings highlight a need for research on and practice with Chinese American adolescents to recognize the unique racial positioning of Asian Americans under White supremacy.
Observation of processed rice using synchrotron radiation X‐ray phase‐contrast imaging
Authors: Miki Hiromi , Yoneyama Akio , Hirano Keiichi
Published: April 2022

As a result of increasing elderly population, the number of people with dysphagia and difficulty eating is expected to increase as well. It is not always feasible to cook meals to the proper texture for elderly individuals and people with dysphagia living at home. Accordingly, there is high market demand for ready‐made texture‐modified foods for home consumption. Many methods have been widely used to analyze the structural properties of foods. However, it is difficult to observe the structure of foods in a nondestructive manner with the conventional analysis methods. To observe food as it is without destroying it, we adopted X‐ray phase‐contrast computed tomography (CT) using a crystal interferometer in this study. The samples were commercially available precooked rice porridge and two texture‐modified rice products satisfying the Universal Design Food criteria. A texture profile analysis was also performed to compare the phase‐contrast images and the food properties. In the phase‐contrast images, both the ingredients and cohesion in the samples were successfully observed. It was also found that the texture‐modified rice products were easier to eat and swallow than the rice porridge. These results show that X‐ray phase‐contrast CT using a crystal interferometer is a promising method for nondestructive observation of food structures and is expected to open up new horizons in food science.
Negative campaigning in modern elections: Ethical and legal aspects
Authors: Byulegenova Bibigul , Bolysbek Muhammed , Rystina Indira , Onychko Marina , Kamaljanova Takhira
Published: April 2022

This research investigates how existing political and legal instruments can affect democratic power structures and civil society and examines prospects for their development. The article seeks to analyze current views and approaches related to negative campaigning, its sociopolitical perception, and countermeasures by looking at them through the lens of post‐Soviet countries and states within the Anglo‐Saxon legal tradition. Hence, the study views negative campaigning as a practice undermining democracy. We provide reliable evidence that Western nations are more likely to take a liberal approach to negative campaigning and assign it the role of a political struggle element. In addition, we found multiple confirmations that legislators in Russia have been toughening measures against negative campaigning and general defamation‐related rules.

Related Articles

Caillier, James. 2010. “Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots.”Politics & Policy38(5): 1015–35.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267.x

Craig, Stephen C., and Paulina S. Rippere. 2014. “Political Trust and Negative Campaigns: Two Tests of the Figure‐Ground Hypothesis.”Politics & Policy42(5): 693–743.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12091

Jones, David A., Kathleen Ferraiolo, and Jennifer Byrne. 2011. “Selective Media Exposure and Partisan Differences about Sarah Palin's Candidacy.”Politics & Policy39(2): 195–221.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17471346.2011.00288.x
Restoration richness tipping point meta‐analysis: finding the sweet spot
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Miguel Maria Florencia , Filazzola Alessandro , Butterfield Harry Scott
Published: April 2022

Species richness is a fundamental component of ecological research including restoration. Managing for enhanced native species richness in restoration is a powerful goal and outcome; nonetheless, local species richness can also be used as a proximate mechanism to decide on the lands to acquire, protect, and restore. Here, a meta‐analysis was used to test the hypothesis that local species richness is a viable consideration in predicting varied restoration outcomes as identified by the primary researchers for drylands. In all dryland contexts, the most effective restoration outcomes across varied restoration interventions were at mid‐to‐relatively lower species rich sites. Consequently, restoration of degraded or low diversity arid grasslands is an important strategic opportunity during the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, and plant species richness is an excellent starting point to inform decisions.
Evaluation of a pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program for HIV prevention in a federally qualified health center (FQHC)
Authors: Falconi‐McCahill Antoinette , Lee Amy S. D. , Knights Jayci E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Preventing new cases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is key to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America initiative. In 2012, Truvada became the first medication approved in the United States to prevent HIV infection, yet it has not seen widespread use.

Aim

This study aimed to allow for the incorporation of an HIV risk assessment into the primary care provider (PCP) visit and promote increased numbers of patients screened for pre‐exposure prophylaxis of HIV (PrEP).

Methods

An educational program and an electronic HIV risk assessment tool were provided to the healthcare providers in an urban federally qualified health center to decrease barriers to providing PrEP.

Results

Provider likelihood to prescribe PrEP increased among the internal medicine/family medicine (p = .0001, p = .0001) and obstetrics/gynecology providers (p = .0034, p = .0034), but there was no significant change among the pediatric providers (p = .4227, p = .1965).

Linking Evidence to Action

Improvement among most providers demonstrated the success of this effort. Additional assessments and interventions are warranted among pediatric providers. Continued efforts are needed to progress to the incorporation of PrEP in the PCP visit.
Agentes, estructuras y la configuración del pragmatismo económico de la política exterior de Chile
Authors: Alvarez Fuentes Gonzalo Andres
Published: April 2022

Se explica por qué la política exterior de Chile, a partir del regreso a la democracia en 1990, mantuvo y profundizó el carácter economicista instaurado durante el régimen autoritario predecesor. Se sostiene que, además de factores estructurales ligados a la globalización, el neoliberalismo y la interdependencia, existen elementos domésticos vinculados a la transición y sus dinámicas políticas que impactaron en los actores que la configuraron. Pese a ser un estudio de caso, el artículo pone el acento en el debate general respecto de la constitución mutua entre agentes y estructuras para explicar la política exterior, considerando el rol de los actores en un marco de transformaciones externas y domésticas. Para ello, se analiza el caso de quienes fueran integrantes del Programa de Estudios Conjuntos sobre las Relaciones Internacionales de América Latina (RIAL), académicos, que luego del regreso a la democracia, asumieron cargos políticos. La renovación de las ideas de estos actores, que asumieron las nuevas prácticas internacionales y aceptaron las dinámicas políticas domésticas, contribuyeron a la continuidad del pragmatismo económico de la política exterior iniciado por la dictadura.
Acuerdo de Paz entre las FARC y el Estado colombiano:
Authors: Rodríguez Luna Sebastián
Published: April 2022

Luego de cuatro años de negociaciones, el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia firmaron el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera. Este artículo sostiene que dicho Acuerdo inaugura un nuevo modelo de construcción de paz que, por primera vez, la vincula con la construcción de Estado en el nivel subnacional. Para ello, propone un marco analítico que señala que los conflictos armados y sus variaciones regionales socavan las capacidades estatales, por lo cual la construcción de paz es una ventana para fortalecer a las instituciones locales. Posteriormente, se revisan los esfuerzos de pacificación desde la década de los 80 y se identifican tres grandes periodos de la construcción de paz, cada uno con prioridades específicas, pero ninguno con una orientación hacia la construcción local del Estado. Finalmente, se ofrece una lectura del Acuerdo de Paz en la que se resalta que, por su enfoque de paz territorial, enlaza las agendas de construcción de paz y de Estado en el nivel subnacional.
El fracaso de la paz y el proceso de desarme, desmovilización y reintegración
Authors: Gonzalez Peña Andrea del Pilar
Published: April 2022

Los estudios existentes sugieren que los programas de DDR no fortalecen la paz después de las negociaciones. Esta investigación argumenta que los diversos componentes de DDR pueden tener diferentes impactos en el fracaso de la paz. Este documento examina las implicaciones de cada componente del proceso de DDR en una negociacion de paz para prevenir la recurrencia de la guerra. Esta investigación responde la siguiente pregunta: ¿una negociación de DDR, en las negociaciones de los conflictos armados, previene la recurrencia de la guerra en el escenario de postconflicto? Utilizando una base de datos original que registra 102 procesos de negociación de paz durante el período 1975 a 2012, demuestro que es más probable que se logre la paz cuando el acuerdo de paz incluye una disposición de DDR, especialmente el proceso de reintegración.
El impacto de los ingresos generados por la agricultura familiar en la superación de la pobreza de los campesinos colombianos
Authors: Rodríguez Bernal Claudia Sofía , Forero Alvarez Jaime
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se analizan las potencialidades de la agricultura familiar para generar ingresos en tres zonas que se seleccionaron por tener niveles medios y altos de pobreza,  localizadas en los municipios colombianos de La Capilla (Boyacá), San Marcos y San Benito Abad-(Sucre).  Se hicieron 143 estudios de caso, estadísticamente representativos por zona. Se encontró que los sistemas de producción campesinos generan un alto porcentaje de los ingresos de sus hogares que en no pocos casos llegan al 100%. Se concluye que estos sistemas productivos presentan una alta capacidad para superar la pobreza rural porque aun con severas limitaciones en el acceso a la tierra, los ingresos generados en ellos superan, en el 58% de los casos, la línea de pobreza.  Se hizo una comparación entre los ingresos que arroja la aplicación de las encuestas oficiales y los obtenidos con la metodología de este estudio. El resultado es que las diferencias son enormes en favor de los segundos, lo cual comprueba las serias limitaciones de esas encuestas para captar los ingresos de los hogares rurales.  Si bien el 42% de los casos analizados no supera la línea de pobreza, con sus ingresos agropecuarios, debido a que tienen muy poca tierra o a limitaciones personales (adultos mayores solos o personas discapacitadas) y a la variabilidad climática (en la Mojana sucreña), resulta que en casi todos los casos (más del 80%) la remuneración de la mano está por encima de su costo de oportunidad (el salario vigente) lo cual constata las potencialidades de los sistemas de producción campesinos para superar la pobreza.
El papel de los excombatientes en el proceso de DDR: ¿más allá de la participación? Un análisis desde los casos de Irlanda del Norte y Colombia
Authors: Lerma Aura , Grace Leah , Lacaze Rachel
Published: April 2022

El Grupo de Investigación “Construcción de paz, Desarme, Desmovilización, Reintegración y Reincorporación” presenta en este artículo un análisis sobre la participación de los excombatientes en los procesos de Desarme, Desmovilización y Reintegración (DDR), con un énfasis especial en cómo ha sido la participación en el proceso de reintegración en dos países que presentan una experiencia interesante: Irlanda del Norte y Colombia. Para ello, se hace uso de un enfoque pluridisciplinario, utilizando teorías y aportes tanto de la disciplina de las relaciones internacionales en los campos de estudios específicos de paz, conflicto y DDR, como aportes de la sociología para comprender el concepto de participación. Si bien en muchos casos se encuentra una participación simbólica en el diseño de los programas de reintegración, se analizó que a menudo esta surge desde los grupos desmovilizados que logran mantener redes de cooperación entre sus miembros. Así, instituciones públicas que brindan garantías reales de reconocimiento de esta participación permiten la construcción de un verdadero modelo participativo de reintegración. Eso importa, puesto que un mayor número de iniciativas de construcción de paz de los excombatientes y un nivel alto de participación de los excombatientes en los programas de reintegración parecen ir de la mano.
Renta básica de ciudadanía: una aproximación desde las teorías de la justicia y el pleno empleo “voluntario”
Authors: Mora Cortes Andres Felipe
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza los fundamentos éticos de una renta básica universal, individual e incondicional y su potencial transformador en el mundo del trabajo y la política social. Garantizar un derecho a la existencia como materialización de un ideal normativo de libertad real, implica superar el principio contributivo y  promover una situación de pleno empleo voluntario. La conjugación de ambos aspectos podría llevar al surgimiento de un orden socio-económico que trascienda las connotaciones compensadoras de la política social contemporánea y que supere los alcances de los modelos conservadores, liberales y socialdemócratas del Estado del bienestar.  El documento presenta las discusiones alrededor de la renta básica en el campo de las teorías de la justicia como distribución, analiza la idea del “trabajo como activo” y muestra los mitos que soportan la validez del principio contributivo. A lo largo de estas reflexiones, se prensentarán también las principales críticas que se le realizan a la renta básica desde perspectivas liberales, sindicales, feministas y comunistas.
El sistema pensional colombiano a la luz del concepto de financiarización
Authors: SAADE FIGUEROA JOSE DANIEL
Published: April 2022

Esta reflexión versa sobre la financiarización, concepto con el que se describe en forma crítica el acenso y expansión del capital financiero en la economía y sus implicaciones sociales y políticas. Partiendo de este concepto y combinando perspectivas teóricas que integran varias disciplinas como la economía, la ciencia política y la sociología, se analiza el sistema pensional colombiano, sobre el cual se aprecia una influencia creciente de los intereses del sector financiero. A partir de esto se traza la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál ha sido el rol de la financiarización en la construcción del sistema pensional colombiano? Con la anterior pregunta se busca analizar el sistema pensional colombiano originado en la Ley 100 de 1993 bajo la lupa de la financiarización. Para responder dicha pregunta el artículo se divide en cinco partes: 1. introducción, 2. La financiarización como perspectiva teórica, 3. Los sistemas pensionales, financiarización y experiencia colombiana, 4. El sistema pensional colombiano y la financiarización, 5. Conclusiones. Como principal conclusión, este artículo plantea que la financiarización, en tanto cambio en el desarrollo del capitalismo, marca el nacimiento de las denominadas AFP como base de los sistemas pensionales. Dicho cambio ha estado detrás de las reformas al sistema pensional colombiano, siendo los últimos 20 años el periodo de mayor disputa por hacer con las pensiones un elemento a disfrute del capital financiero.
Teoría y práctica del neoliberalismo. Debates y controversias teóricas, ontológicas y axiológicas
Authors: Fair Hernán
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo se propone abordar la teoría y práctica del neoliberalismo desde una perspectiva de Análisis Político del Discurso. En la primera parte, analiza los principales debates y controversias en torno a las características teóricas, ontológicas y axiológicas del neoliberalismo, y sobre sus aplicaciones a nivel estatal. En la segunda parte, examina los problemas metodológicos para investigar rigurosamente el fenómeno del neoliberalismo, que se vinculan con el carácter ambiguo y pragmático del cuerpo teórico neoliberal, las diversas etapas, ritmos, grados de profundidad e intensidades de neoliberalización estatal, y las tensiones y contradicciones entre la teoría neoliberal y sus aplicaciones históricas. En el tramo final, ofrece una conceptualización compleja y propone algunas operaciones analíticas para contribuir a investigar al neo-liberalismo y sus usos ónticos a nivel estatal, a través de las herramientas de la Teoría Política del Discurso.
VICTIMIZERS NO MORE
Authors: Espejo María Paula
Published: April 2022

In order to grasp the obstacles faced by peacebuilding processes it is important to analyze the basics: language. The way individuals are addressed matters because it determines their agency to narrate their stories, and freely explore their identities during the conflict’s aftermath. After studying Primo Levi’s “gray zone”, the relevance of studying the interstice between victims and victimizers becomes evident. The oxymoron makes visible a need to rethink the concepts in order to overcome the obstacle it represents during post-conflict’s reintegration processes. This article attempts to contribute to the unleashing of static concepts such as “victim” and “victimizer” while in periods of transition. These, under the premise that notions should be kinetic in accordance with the transitioning process they are part of. It is found that static concepts have a dissonance with labels anchored to a violent and complex past during peacebuilding efforts. Therefore, the article frames the transitional justice context by analyzing its objectives and special mechanisms, while revising what is understood by the words “victims” and “victimizers”. The ultimate goal is to problematize the findings and contrast them with the concept of violence. Mainly, because it is violence the one that creates, and mediates the relationship between both victims and victimizers. The article is part of a three-set of theoretical exercises. This one frames context to advance in the first steps to recognize and overcome the stigma imposed on conflict’s primary actors. It is the theoretical proposal to deepen on how to make reconciliation more attainable. 

 

Key words: Transitional justice, victims, victimizers/perpetrators, peacebuilding, violence, resentment.
Individualized Prediction of Drug Response and Rational Combination Therapy in NSCLC Using Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Studies of Acute Phosphoproteomic Changes
Authors: Coker Elizabeth A. , Stewart Adam , Ozer Bugra , Minchom Anna , Pickard Lisa , Ruddle Ruth , Carreira Suzanne , Popat Sanjay , O'Brien Mary , Raynaud Florence , de Bono Johann , Al-Lazikani Bissan , Banerji Udai
Published: April 2022

We hypothesize that the study of acute protein perturbation in signal transduction by targeted anticancer drugs can predict drug sensitivity of these agents used as single agents and rational combination therapy. We assayed dynamic changes in 52 phosphoproteins caused by an acute exposure (1 hour) to clinically relevant concentrations of seven targeted anticancer drugs in 35 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and 16 samples of NSCLC cells isolated from pleural effusions. We studied drug sensitivities across 35 cell lines and synergy of combinations of all drugs in six cell lines (252 combinations). We developed orthogonal machine-learning approaches to predict drug response and rational combination therapy. Our methods predicted the most and least sensitive quartiles of drug sensitivity with an AUC of 0.79 and 0.78, respectively, whereas predictions based on mutations in three genes commonly known to predict response to the drug studied, for example, EGFR, PIK3CA, and KRAS, did not predict sensitivity (AUC of 0.5 across all quartiles). The machine-learning predictions of combinations that were compared with experimentally generated data showed a bias to the highest quartile of Bliss synergy scores (P = 0.0243). We confirmed feasibility of running such assays on 16 patient samples of freshly isolated NSCLC cells from pleural effusions. We have provided proof of concept for novel methods of using acute ex vivo exposure of cancer cells to targeted anticancer drugs to predict response as single agents or combinations. These approaches could complement current approaches using gene mutations/amplifications/rearrangements as biomarkers and demonstrate the utility of proteomics data to inform treatment selection in the clinic.
Does Timing of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Affect Prognosis in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator? Results From the Multicenter Randomized PARTITA Trial
Authors: Della Bella Paolo , Baratto Francesca , Vergara Pasquale , Bertocchi Patrizia , Santamaria Matteo , Notarstefano Pasquale , Calò Leonardo , Orsida Daniela , Tomasi Luca , Piacenti Marcello , Sangiorgio Stefano , Pentimalli Francesco , Pruvot Etienne , De Sousa João , Sacher Frederic , Tritto Massimo , Rebellato Luca , Deneke Thomas , Romano Salvo Andrea , Nesti Martina , Gargaro Alessio , Giacopelli Daniele , Peretto Giovanni , Radinovic Andrea
Published: April 2022

Background:

Optimal timing for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia is an important unresolved issue. There are no randomized trials evaluating the benefit of ablation after the first implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock.

Methods:

We conducted a 2-phase, prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Patients with ischemic or nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and primary or secondary prevention indication for ICD were enrolled in an initial observational phase until first appropriate shock (phase A). After reconsenting, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 in phase B to immediate ablation (within 2 months from shock delivery) or continuation of standard therapy. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. Amiodarone intake was not allowed except for documented atrial tachyarrhythmias. On July 23, 2021, phase B of the trial was interrupted as a result of the first interim analysis on the basis of the Bayesian adaptive design.

Results:

Of the 517 patients enrolled in phase A, 154 (30%) had ventricular tachycardia, 56 (11%) received an appropriate shock over a median follow-up of 2.4 years (interquartile range, 1.4–4.4), and 47 of 56 (84%) agreed to participate in phase B. After 24.2 (8.5–24.4) months, the primary end point occurred in 1 of 23 (4%) patients in the ablation group and 10 of 24 (42%) patients in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.11 [95% CI, 0.01–0.85];
P
=0.034). The results met the prespecified termination criterion of >99% Bayesian posterior probability of superiority of treatment over standard therapy. No deaths were observed in the ablation group versus 8 deaths (33%) in the control group (
P
=0.004); there was 1 worsening heart failure hospitalization in the ablation group (4%) versus 4 in the control group (17%;
P
=0.159). ICD shocks were less frequent in the ablation group (9%) than in the control group (42%;
P
=0.039).

Conclusions:

Ventricular tachycardia ablation after first appropriate shock was associated with a reduced risk of the combined death or worsening heart failure hospitalization end point, lower mortality, and fewer ICD shocks. These findings provide support for considering ventricular tachycardia ablation after the first ICD shock.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01547208.
Clinical spectrum of paediatric liver diseases in Singapore
Authors: Chiou FK , Aw MM
Published: April 2022

A wide spectrum of disorders can affect the liver. This spectrum of acute and chronic liver diseases in children differs among populations from various parts of the world because of inherent differences in genetic and environmental factors. This review article provides a concise overview of important paediatric liver disorders prevalent in Singapore and discusses the epidemiology and outcomes of these conditions specific to our local context.
Transforming paediatric practice by leveraging on genomic medicine
Authors: Koh AL , Jamuar SS , Lai AHM
Published: April 2022

Genomic medicine entails the use of an individual’s genomic information in his or her clinical care to aid diagnosis and personalise management. As genetic conditions significantly contribute to neonatal and paediatric morbidity and mortality, paediatricians can incorporate genomic medicine in their clinical practice. Through this review, we aim to describe the basic concepts of genomic medicine, discuss the types of genetic and genomic testing available, present examples of how genomics is already being used in paediatrics and summarise the challenges of genomic medicine. The purpose of this review is to help paediatricians decide the suitable genetic or genomic test, understand the possible outcomes of testing and appreciate the requirements of appropriate counselling of patients.
Current status of the early childhood developmental intervention ecosystem in Singapore
Authors: Ho LY
Published: April 2022

Childhood developmental-behavioural issues and disabilities have been identified as the major challenges in child health and to the national healthcare system in Singapore. Dealing with these morbidities requires new and innovative approaches that go far beyond hospital-based care into the community, with structured integration of medical services with education, and social and community support, including a strong collaborative partnership with parents and caregivers. A unique child development programme has evolved in Singapore over the last 30 years. Its main objectives are early identification and treatment of children with developmental and behavioural problems so as to correct developmental dysfunctions, minimise the impact of a child’s disability or prevailing risk factors, strengthen families and establish the foundations for subsequent development. This paper aimed to provide an update of the current ecosystem, along with a review of the fast-changing landscape in recent years.
Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Singapore
Authors: Choy Chiaw Yee , Wong Chen Seong , Kumar P Arun , Olszyna Dariusz Piotr , Teh Yii Ean , Chien Mei Fong Jaime , Kurup Asok , Koh Yin Ling , Ho Lai Peng , Law Hwa Lin , Chua Nathalie Grace Sy , Yong Hui Yan Joy , Archuleta Sophia
Published: April 2022

Since the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality attributable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has decreased by 80%. Newer antiretroviral agents are highly efficacious, have minimal side effects as compared to older drugs, and can be formulated as combination tablets to reduce patients’ pill burden. Despite these advances, 680,000 people worldwide died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related illnesses in 2020. The National ART and Monitoring Recommendations by the National HIV Programme have been created to guide physicians on the prescribing of ART based on the patients’ needs. These recommendations are based on international guidelines and tailored to the local context and unique domestic considerations. We hoped that with the publication of these recommendations, the care of people living with HIV can be enhanced, bringing us closer to ending HIV in our lifetime.
The haemodynamic effects of umbilical cord milking in term infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tekin Mehmet , Gokdemir Mahmut , Toprak Erzat , Silahli Musa , Energin Hasan , Gokmen Zeynel
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Umbilical cord milking (UCM) is a method that allows for postnatal placental transfusion. The benefits of UCM have been demonstrated in some studies, but knowledge about its haemodynamic effects in term infants is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic effects of UCM in term infants.

Methods:

In this prospective, randomised controlled study, 149 healthy term infants with a birth week of ≥37 weeks were randomly assigned to either the UCM or immediate cord clamping (ICC) group. Blinded echocardiographic evaluations were performed in all the neonates in the first 2–6 h.

Results:

Superior vena cava (SVC) flow measurements were higher in the UCM group compared to the ICC group (132.47 ± 37.0 vs. 126.62 ± 34.3 mL/kg/min), but this difference was not statistically significant. Left atrial diameter (12.23 ± 1.99 vs. 11.43 ± 1.78 mm) and left atrium-to-aorta diastolic diameter ratio (1.62 ± 0.24 vs. 1.51 ± 0.22) were significantly higher in the UCM group. There were no significant differences in other echocardiographic parameters between the two groups.

Conclusıon:

We found no significant difference in the SVC flow measurements in term infants who underwent UCM versus those who underwent ICC. This lack of significant difference in SVC flow may be explained by the mature cerebral autoregulation mechanism in term neonates.
Empirical Issues in the Homicide-Income Inequality Argument
Authors: Vilalta Carlos , Cadena Edel , Fondevila Gustavo , Garrocho Carlos
Published: April 2022

The argument that income inequality increases homicide rates has provoked scholarly debate, with some studies not supporting this position and providing evidence to the contrary. We identify several empirical issues with the current body of evidence, as well as their underlying problems. We challenge these issues by using more robust techniques than those typical of this literature. Based on the case of Mexican municipalities, we provide evidence that in fact, homicide rates correlated negatively with income inequality between 1990 and 2015, and that this relationship was moderated by levels of socioeconomic marginality. Likewise, we show evidence of spatial dependence in the relationship, thus challenging the assumption that geospatial units of analysis are probabilistically independent of each other.
The Interplay Between Virtual Socializing, Unstructured Socializing, and Delinquency
Authors: Leal Wanda E. , Boccio Cashen M. , Jackson Dylan B.
Published: April 2022

Adolescent socialization patterns have shifted toward less in-person socializing and more virtual socializing. Thus, it’s important to determine the association between virtual socializing and delinquency and whether virtual socializing represents a separate construct or a technological evolution of unstructured socializing. We explore this by using a modern virtual socializing scale on a nationally representative sample of eighth to 10th graders from the 2018 Monitoring the Future survey. Results indicate that virtual socializing is associated with delinquency, and unstructured socializing somewhat attenuates this relationship, but virtual socializing remains a significant predictor. Karlson-Holm-Breen method was used to assess the degree of attenuation produced by unstructured socializing, and demonstrates that unstructured socializing attenuates about 20% of the effect of virtual socializing on delinquency.
Introducing MyPlate into nutrition teaching in the curriculum of undergraduate medical and allied health professions students in the Occupied Palestinian Territories
Authors: Natour Nihal , Al-Tell Mariam
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

MyPlate is an educational tool developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a replacement for an earlier approach called MyPyramid. It provides the US public with key messages on a healthy diet, but has not been studied in universities in the Occupied Palestinian Territories.

Aims:

We aimed to study the acceptance and utility of MyPlate in the teaching curriculum among Palestinian medical and allied health students by introducing the approach in the nutrition course which forms part of curriculum.

Method:

An electronic survey questionnaire was distributed via social media and university platforms to students in the schools of medicine, nursing and pharmacy at Najah University. The questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic variables, obesity, nutritional deficiencies, nutritional problems and the use of MyPlate. In addition, information about vegetable consumption and participation in physical activities was collected. Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to calculate differences between study groups.

Results:

A convenience sample of 106 students participated in the investigation. In all, 68% of the study group were women, 58.0% were medical students, 44.0% were nursing students, and the remainder were pharmacy students. In all, 89.0% of students reported knowing about MyPlate, 61% reported using MyPlate and 79.0% of website users reported that they found the use of application easy. The main reason for using the application was for calculating needed calories and planning a healthy diet. However, students reported low ability to change their lifestyle accordingly. There was no age difference between users and non-users (19.4 years ± 0.8 years versus 19.8 y ± 0.8 y) or BMI, (20.0 ± 4.6) kg/m2 versus (21.3 ± 5.8) kg/m2. MyPlate users were more physically active, but there was no differences in diet.

Conclusion:

MyPlate was accepted by the majority of students but follow-up is needed to improve adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Finite-frequency self-triggered model predictive control for Markov jump systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Liu Yuling , Wen Jiwei , Luan Xiaoli , Liu Fei
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a self-triggered saturated model predictive control (SMPC) for Markov jump system (MJS) is studied in finite-frequency domain. First, the MJS with multi-modes is transformed into a single mode system with embedded transition probability to prepare for the use of generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (GKYP) lemma. Second, a dynamic self-triggered mechanism with time-varying threshold is developed to predict the next triggering time according to the current time, states, and jumping mode. Third, for disturbances that only possess finite-frequency band, a co-design of triggering condition and SMPC is realized by properly employing GKYP lemma. Compared with existing works, the main motivation of this paper is to improve the anti-interference ability within a specified frequency range. Moreover, we also aim to shorten the gap between the finite band control theory and its applications to practical engineering problems. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by both the numerical and practical simulations.
H∞ smooth switching distributed consensus controller for uncertain time-delay switched LPV multi-agent systems
Authors: Moradi MA , Safarinejadian B , Shafiei MH
Published: April 2022

This paper presents an approach to design [Formula: see text] smooth switching distributed linear parameter-varying (LPV) controller for consensus of LPV multi-agent systems (MASs) with a large range of parameter variations, uncertainty, input disturbance, and time-varying delay. By dividing the region of variable parameters into subregions with overlaps, a [Formula: see text] smooth switching distributed sliding mode LPV controller with a switched dynamic sliding surface is designed for each subregion and the controller in overlapping subregions is interpolated from two adjacent subregions. This control problem is formulated into parametric linear matrix inequality (LMI), which is solved by convex optimization algorithms. To illustrate the efficacy of the result, it is applied to consensus of practical vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) helicopter MAS.
Preview control for discrete-time periodic systems with state delay
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Yaofeng
Published: April 2022

State feedback and output feedback control strategies are developed for discrete-time periodic systems with state delay via periodic preview control (PPC) technique in this article. To utilize future reference information for the controller design, a periodic augmented error system (PAES) with delay is constructed using the state augmentation technique and difference operator approach. Then, the PPC problem is converted into a stabilization problem. Furthermore, the state feedback and static output preview controllers are designed and sufficient conditions that guarantee the closed-loop stability of PAES are derived via the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Finally, two examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Music professionalism promoting gerotranscendence: An instrumental case study of healthcare musicians in an eldercare hospital
Authors: Koivisto Taru-Anneli , Laes Tuulikki
Published: April 2022

The effect of ever-increasing life expectancy on global demographics has had a significant impact on many professional landscapes, not only in social services and healthcare but more broadly. This instrumental case study explores professional healthcare musicians’ work through their collaborative, socially engaged music-making practice in eldercare hospital wards. Two healthcare musicians were interviewed, and their work and professional practices were observed in the infection and orthopedic wards of an arts-promoting eldercare hospital. The empirical material was analyzed using thematic analysis, and finalized by instrumentalizing the case through the theoretical lens of gerotranscendence and music professionalism. The findings of the study open up a diversified understanding of aging as a transformative process of change and development, and reveal how professional music practices can support a holistic care and healthcare approach. Furthermore, it is discovered that healthcare musicians’ work as a socially engaged approach to professionalism reframes musicianship as part of an expanding professionalism, and calls for further development of higher music education as well as in-service training in the field of music.
Peer tutoring in music education: A literature review
Authors: Fernández-Barros Andrea , Duran David , Viladot Laia
Published: April 2022

The focus of this study is the review of literature on peer tutoring, a powerful cooperative strategy where interaction within a pair of students is organized between tutor and tutee, working together providing assistance, instruction and feedback. Although the previous literature reviews showed peer tutoring was beneficial among K-12 music students, this review aims at providing data on the benefits, but also limitations present in studies in formal and informal music education at all academic stages. All of this, with the aim of discussing how peer tutoring can contribute to reducing barriers in music education. Overall, 51 studies published from 1980 to 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, and books were analysed. The results reveal the potential of peer tutoring in music education, as well as point to specific elements to be considered to make the most of this paedagogical tool for teaching and learning music.
Writing good economics: How texts ‘on the move’ perform the lab and discipline of experimental economics
Authors: Asdal Kristin , Cointe Béatrice
Published: April 2022

How is objectivity accomplished in laboratory economic experiments? To address this question, this paper focuses on a modest and mundane thing: the written instructions that guide experimental subjects in the lab. In a material-semiotic perspective, these instructions can be understood as text-devices. We follow text-devices ‘on the move’ from their very writing, through the lab, the review process and out into the journal article. To do so, we analyse ‘text-author ensembles’, which are journal articles together with practice-oriented interviews with their authors. We show that instructions act not simply as texts, but as experimental instruments that also perform the procedure of experimental economics. They draw together the procedural, material and rhetorical dimensions of experimental work in economics, and link the lab setting to collective validation procedures within the discipline of economics. To achieve this, experimental economists rely on qualitative writing skills refined in collective writing and reviewing practices. These text-devices ‘on the move’ alert us not only to the role of writing and writing skills in the production of scientific knowledge, but to the role of texts as material and semiotic objects that can produce facts as well as labs and disciplines, and that are key to the accomplishment of objectivity in experimental economics.
Short-term wind speed forecast for Urla wind power plant: A hybrid approach that couples weather research and forecasting model, weather patterns and SCADA data with comprehensive data preprocessing
Authors: Özen Cem , Deniz Ali
Published: April 2022

Short-term wind speed forecast model that uses both supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) based data and weather research and forecasting (WRF) model outputs for Urla wind power plant (WPP) has been proposed in this study. Two different WRF models were run to gather atmospheric variables from four surrounding grids of Urla WPP and calculate weather patterns affecting Urla WPP. After detecting outliers in the SCADA data by coupling of k-mean and isolation forest (IF) methods, statistical methods were used for data treatment and the outputs of WRF models were used for missing data imputation. The effect of each data type and data preprocessing techniques on the model was evaluated separately. The best model performance was achieved with 0.9085 [Formula: see text], and 0.81 MAE in the dataset which includes each data type and each data preprocessing was applied on. Otherwise, the dominant weather pattern affecting Urla WPP was found to be purely advective and the best result was achieved in this pattern.
Design of gas collection systems: Issues and challenges
Authors: Parameswaran TG , Sivakumar Babu GL
Published: April 2022

The design of a gas collection system (GCS) for a landfill involves estimating several critical parameters, such as the radius of influence (ROI), suction pressures, number of wells and their spacing. One of the biggest challenges lies in the estimation of ROI for a particular landfill. In this study, the ROI for a Bagalur landfill is estimated for various possible gas generation rates. ROI for active and passive GCS is estimated with numerical modelling (two-dimensional) for all definitions of ROI at different suction pressures. An inverse correlation was observed between the values of various definitions of ROI at different gas generation rates. Justification for this behaviour is brought out by addressing the conceptual difference between these definitions. The number of wells along with their spacing was then calculated, and the efficiency of the design was assessed with three-dimensional modelling. Passive and active systems had average methane recovery rates of 84% and 88%, respectively, with an atmospheric methane flux ranging from 10−9 to 10−10 kg m−2 s−1. The high recovery rate and low methane flux indicate the effectiveness of the design. The values of the methane flow rate from the extraction well were validated with a theoretical method, suggesting the usability of the model for future investigations.
A multi-objective regenerative braking control strategy combining with velocity optimization for connected vehicles
Authors: Liu Rui , Liu Hui , Han Lijin , He Peng , Zhang Yuanbo
Published: April 2022

Deceleration is unavoidable owing to the traffic lights or obstacles during driving, which lead to great energy dissipation. To promote energy utilizing efficiency, regenerative braking is applied to convert kinetic energy into electricity. Previous researches about regenerative braking concentrate on the braking torque allocation optimization, which is undoubtedly important. Moreover, the control performance can be further improved combining with velocity optimization. With the emerging Connected Vehicle Technology, environmental information is available for vehicles. Therefore, the terminal braking distance and terminal velocity can be derived utilizing the information. Then a multi-objective regenerative braking control strategy based on the pesudospectral method is proposed with the terminal constraints. The control strategy optimizes both the velocity and braking torque allocation to reduce the energy dissipation and battery capacity loss simultaneously. Simulations are carried out under a speed bump scenario. Pareto front is obtained with different weights of the objectives and then analyzed to reveal the tradeoff between energy recovery and battery health, which assists in finding a desired balanced solution. Two representative Pareto optimal solutions are selected for comparison: the energy recovery priory strategy and the energy-life tradeoff strategy. Compared with the energy priory strategy, the energy-life tradeoff strategy decreases the battery capacity loss by 60.65%, but it leads to a 36.07% reduction in the energy recovery.
Coordination control method of autonomous ground electric vehicle for simultaneous trajectory tracking and yaw stability control
Authors: Xia Qiu , Chen Long , Xu Xing , Cai Yingfeng , Chen Te
Published: April 2022

A hierarchical trajectory tracking and yaw stability combined control strategy of autonomous ground vehicle within-wheel motor is proposed in this paper to achieve simultaneous and accurate trajectory tracking and vehicle yaw stability control. A trajectory-tracking controller is designed on the basis of model predictive control algorithm, and the ideal front-wheel steering angle requirement is calculated to follow the referenced trajectory. In order to improve the accuracy of vehicle steering control, a vehicle steering controller is designed based on high-order sliding mode control method, in which the control demand of front-wheel steering angle is satisfied by real-time torque control of vehicle steering motor. Simultaneously, a double power reaching rate-based sliding mode control method is applied to design the vehicle yaw stability controller, in which the yaw moment control requirement is met by an optimal oriented tire force allocation algorithm. The simulation and experiment results show that the presented control method can improve the accuracy and real-time performance of trajectory tracking control while ensuring vehicle yaw stability.