bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Activity of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Against Bacterial Oral Pathogen of Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC10556, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Damayanti Lisda , Evaangelina Ida Ayu , Laviana Avi , Herdiyati Yetty , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: April 2020

Background:

Caries and periodontitis are dental diseases caused by bacteria ofS. sanguinis,S. mutans,andE. faecaliswith three main etiological factors of the host, substrate, and time.

Objective:

This study proposed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideusLam.) against oral bacteria ofE.faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinis.

Materials and Methods:

The Buah Merah was extracted with different solvents to yieldn-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and H2O extracts. The concentrations of single and mixture extracts were adjusted for antibacterial assay against bacteria ofE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguinisstrains through agar well diffusion assay with chlorhexidine, fosfomycin, and quercetin used as positive controls.

Results:

The ethyl acetate extract showed highest antibacterial activity against three oral bacterial ofE. faecalis,S. mutans, andS. sanguiniswith inhibition zones values of 9.3, 12.3, and 17.9 mm at 40%, respectively, together with their MIC and MBC values of 1250 & 2500, 0.312 & 0.625, and 0.312 & 0.625 ppm, respectively. For the formulation of extracts, combinations samples test gave various effects to different bacteria, with the best activity showed by methanol-ethyl acetate (M-Ea) extracts againstS. mutanswith an inhibition zone of 16.25 mm at 40 ppm. The strong and synergistic effect of methanol extract againstS. mutanswas supported by inhibition zones of the formulation of methanol extract-fosfomycin which showed an inhibition zone of 25.9 mm at 10 ppm.

Conclusion:

The extracts of Buah Merah demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral bacteria ofE. faecalis,S. mutans,andS. sanguinisand gave important information for furtherin vivoclinical studies to determine the exact dosages and its effectiveness in practical application. These results prove the antimicrobial effects of Buah Merah extracts as alternative natural drugs with synergistic effects of active constituents.
Investigating The Implementation of a Collaborative Learning in Practice Model of Nurse Education in a Community Placement Cluster: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Williamson Graham R , Bunce Jane , Kane Adele , Jamison Caroline , Clarke Danny
Published: April 2020

Background:

Attracting new graduate nurses to work in the community is problematic, and this has contributed to shortages in this sector in the United Kingdom and internationally. This paper reports the findings of a pilot study to implement Collaborative Learning in Practice in one region of the United Kingdom, which was intended to increase placement capacity, introduce students to this sector, and accelerate their learning and development of key skills and behaviors.

Study Aim:

To investigate the views of student nurses and the staff supporting them on placement about their experiences of implementing Collaborative Learning in Practice.

Methods:

We conducted four focus group interviews between winter 2018 and spring 2019, with 31 staff and students in two English counties in the South West of England. These were transcribed and analysed using the Framework Method; themes were discussed and agreed by the research team.

Results:

Three themes emerged: Peer support, which concerned the benefits of being in placement with other students; Developing and learning, which was about the acquisition of skills including leadership; and Organisation, which related to issues and concerns involved in the preparation and daily management of the collaborative learning in practice experience.

Conclusion:

Some positive aspects were reported, particularly in relation to hospice and General Practice Nursing placements. Most clear was the supportive potential for peer learning fostered by Collaborative Learning in Practice. Less positive aspects were the potential for horizontal violence and some aspects of nursing home experiences. We believe more work needs to be done to make nursing homes an attractive option for students and new graduates, and regarding visual materials for pre-placement preparation.
Telecollaboration and virtual exchange between practice and research: a conversation
Authors: Dooly Melinda , Smith Bryan
Published: April 2020

Interview conducted by Marco Cappellini on the 17th of October, 2019.
Penerapan model pembelajaran reciprocal teaching ditinjau dari kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik pada materi bangun datar segiempat
Authors: Andira Trini , Santoso Budi , Yusup Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Penalaran matematis merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang sangat dibutuhkan peserta didik dalam mempelajari matematika. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik, salah satunya dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran dan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik melalui penerapan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching pada materi bangun datar segiempat di kelas VII. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 34 peserta didik kelas VII.5 yang berasal dari SMP Negeri 13 Palembang. Data dikum­pulkan menggunakan observasi dan tes. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil observasi kegiatan peserta didik pada saat diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dan data hasil tes untuk melihat kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Reci­procal Teaching. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pene­litian menun­jukkan bahwa (1) keaktifan peserta didik selama diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching berada pada kategori “sangat aktif” dengan persentase rata-rata 88,71%; (2) kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching berada pada kategori “cukup” dengan rata-rata skor sebesar 67,89.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching, penalaran  matematis, pembelajaran matematika Applying of reciprocal teaching-learning model viewed from students’ mathematical reasoning on the quadrilateral matter AbstractThe mathematical reasoning was one of the important aspects that students need in learning mathematics. Various efforts have been made to improve students’ mathematical reasoning skills, one of which was the application of the Reciprocal Teaching learning model. This research was a quantitative descriptive research that aims to explain the process of learning implementation and student’s mathematical reasoning ability by using the Reciprocal Teaching learning model on the quadrilateral matter in class VII. The subjects of this research were 34 students of class VII.5 from SMP (Junior High School) Negeri 13 Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Data were collected using observations and tests. The data obtained in this research were the observation data of students activities when applied the Reciprocal Teaching learning model and the test results data to see students’ mathematical reasoning abilities after applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model. The results of research showed that (1) student activity during applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model was in the “very active” category with an average percentage of 88.71%; (2) students’ mathematical reasoning abilities after applying the Reciprocal Teaching learning model was in the “enough” category with an average score of 67.89.
How these three schools in Indonesia could exceed the international average score in TIMSS 2015?
Authors: Fatmawati Fasiha , Retnawati Heri
Published: April 2020

The achievement of students' mathematics learning is strongly influenced by how the learning process takes place in the classroom. But, that is not the only factor that could affect learning achievement. This research aimed to describe the advantages of learning in three schools in Indonesia with highest score in TIMSS 2015 which exceed international standard score. Participants in this case study research were teachers and students from the three elementary schools, that are SD N Gunungsaren, SD N Kentungan, and SD N Semanu III in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. Data triangulation had been conducted to test the validity of data collected by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. From the result, it can be concluded that the process of mathematics learning in the three schools implemented by involving students actively in learning activities. Each school had advantage that support the implementation of learning activities. SD N Semanu III supported by the completeness of the facilities in schools in the form of projectors that teachers use well in learning. The success of student learning in SD N Kentungan supported by parents’ involvement which providing support and facilitate children’s learning. Meanwhile, the success of learning in SD N Gunungsaren supported by teacher creativity factors developed through teacher training activities that applied in classroom.
Keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan discovery ditinjau dari prestasi, kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kecemasan matematika
Authors: Prasetyawan Enggar
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan dan perbedaan keefektifan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dan Discovery ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain nonequivalent groups prestest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Ngaglik. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas X MIA 2 dan X MIA 4 yang diperoleh melalui pemilihan secara acak dari empat kelas yang masing-masing siswanya berjumlah 31 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah tes prestasi belajar berupa soal pilihan ganda yang terdiri dari 20 butir soal, tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berupa soal uraian yang terdiri dari 4 butir soal, dan angket kecemasan matematika yang terdiri dari 32 butir pernyataan. Pengujian keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan discovery dilakukan dengan uji one sample t-test. Pengujian perbedaan keefektifan antara pendekatan CTL dan Discovery dilakukan dengan uji MANOVA (Hotteling’s Trace). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pendekatan CTL dan discovery efektif ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika, (2) tidak ada perbedaan keefektifan pendekatan CTL dan Discovery ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kecemasan matematika. Effectiveness of CTL and discovery approach viewed from students’ achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness and difference of effectiveness between of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and discovery approach viewed from students’ learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety. This research was quasi experiment with nonequivalent groups prestest-posttest design. The population in this study was all students of class X of SMAN 2 Ngaglik. The sample of the study was the students of X MIA 2 and X MIA 4 which is determined randomly from four classes which each of that classes consist of 31 students. The instruments used to collect data were a learning achievement test consisting of 20 multiple choice questions, a critical thinking ability test consisting of 5 essays, and math anxiety questionnaires that consisted of 32 statements. To determine the effectiveness of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Discovery approach, one sample t-test was used. To discover the difference of effectiveness between Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach and Discovery approach MANOVA (Hotteling’s Trace) was used. The results show that (1) Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Discovery approach are effective viewed from student’s learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety,(2) there is no difference in effectiveness between Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach and Discovery approach viewed from student’s learning achievement, critical thinking ability, and math anxiety.
Eksplorasi kemampuan penalaran dan representasi matematis siswa sekolah menengah pertama
Authors: Absorin Absorin , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan matematis, yang terdiri atas kemampuan penalaran dan representasi matematis siswa SMP di Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMP kelas VIII di Kabupaten Indramayu tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 390 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah stratified random sampling.Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik Tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistika deskriptif melalui dua cara, yaitu estimasi titik dan estimasi interval rata-rata untuk menentukan kategori ketercapaian pada masing-masing kemampuan matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan matematis siswa SMP di Kabupaten Indramayu berada pada kategori sedang. Secara lebih spesifik rata-rata skor pada kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Begitu juga pada rata-rata skor kemampuan representasi matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Exploration ability of mathematical reasoning and representation of junior high school students AbstractThis study aimed to describe the mathematical ability, which consists of the ability of mathematical reasoning and representation in junior high school students in Indramayu, West Java Province, Indonesia. This research was using survey method with quantitative approach. The population in this study were all grade VIII students in both state and private junior high schools in Indramayu district in academic year of 2016/2017 and 390 students selected as sample research. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling. Data collected using test technique. Technique data analysis used descriptive statistics through two ways, namely estimation point and the average of interval estimation to determine the category of achievement in each of the students' mathematical abilities.  The result showed that the mathematical ability of junior high school students in Indramayu district was in the medium category. More specifically the average score on students' mathematical reasoning abilities was included in the moderate category. Similarly, the average score of students' mathematical representation ability was in the medium category.
Pengaruh strategi Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering berorientasi kearifan lokal terhadap pemecahan masalah dan karakter
Authors: Wijaya Agus Putra , Mahayukti Gusti Ayu , Gita I Nyoman , Parwati Ni Nyoman
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pembelajaran matematika dengan strategi pembelajaran Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering (REACT) berorientasi kearifan lokal terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan karakter positif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method menggunakan concurrent embedded design. Sampel penelitian yang ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling yaitu siswa SD Negeri 1 Baktiseraga, Bali. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara, lembar observasi, dan angket karakter siswa. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji-t pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Data kualitatif terkait karakter siswa disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan strategi pembelajaran REACT berorientasi kearifan lokal lebih tinggi dari pada siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil analisis data kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa karakter siswa mengalami peningkatan yang tergolong positif setelah mengikuti strategi pembelajaran REACT berorientasi kearifan lokal.The impact of Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering strategy orientated to local wisdom on problem-solving and characterAbstractThis study aimed to describe the impact of learning of mathematics with learning strategy of Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering (REACT) oriented to local wisdom on the problem-solving ability and positive character of students. This research was mixed-method research using a concurrent embedded design. The research sample determined by the random sampling technique was the sixth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 (state primary school) Baktiseraga, Bali, Indonesia. Quantitative data were obtained through tests of mathematical problem-solving ability and qualitative data were obtained through interviews, observation sheets, and student character questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests at a significance level of 5%. Qualitative data related to the characters provided descriptively. The results of quantitative data analysis regarding mathematical problem-solving of students who take learning with REACT learning strategy oriented to local wisdom was higher than students who study conventional learning. The results of the qualitative data analysis oppose the increased character of students who were classified as positive after following the REACT learning strategy oriented towards local wisdom.Keywords: REACT, local wisdom, problem-solving, character
Regulation and Trust: 3-Month Follow-up Study on COVID-19 Mortality in 25 European Countries
Authors: Oksanen Atte , Kaakinen Markus , Latikka Rita , Savolainen Iina , Savela Nina , Koivula Aki
Published: April 2020

Background

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed societies in 2020. Since the end of February, Europe has been hit particularly hard by COVID-19, but there are major country differences in both the spread of the virus and measures taken to stop the virus. Social psychological factors such as institutional trust could be important in understanding the development of the epidemic.

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine country variations of COVID-19 mortality in Europe by analyzing social risk factors explaining the spread of the disease, restrictions and control measures, and institutional trust.

Methods

The present study was based on a background analysis of European Social Survey data on 25 European countries (N=47,802). Multilevel mixed effects linear regression models focused on 84 days of the COVID-19 epidemic (January 22 to April 14, 2020) and modelled the daily COVID-19 mortality. Analysis focused on the impact of social relations, restrictions, and institutional trust within each country.

Results

The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has been fast everywhere, but the findings revealed significant differences between countries in COVID-19 mortality. Perceived sociability predicted higher COVID-19 mortality. Major differences between the 25 countries were found in reaction times to the crisis. Late reaction to the crisis predicted later mortality figures. Institutional trust was associated with lower COVID-19 mortality.

Conclusions

The analyses demonstrated the importance of societal and social psychological factors in the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. By considering multiple perspectives, this study showed that country differences in Europe are major, and this will have an impact on how countries will cope with the ongoing crisis in the following months. The results indicated the importance of timely restrictions and cooperation with people.
ОД ЕКОЛОШКЕ КА БИОЕКОЛОШКОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ ЉУДСКОГ РАЗВОЈА – ЧОВЕК И ОКРУЖЕЊЕ У ДИЈАЛОГУ
Authors: Маројевић Јована
Published: April 2020

The paper represents an overview of the developmental line of J. Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory and its key characteristics in each developmental phase. It took three decades from the first integral representation of this theory to its mature form. That line is marked by an essential shift from the ecological to bioecological concept of human development. If we pretend to conduct a biecological valid research, it is very important to learn about teh development of this theory, even more since it is very often conceptualized as only ecological, without using its revised and complete version in research.  The analysts of the Bronfenbrenner theory recognized only a few researche, among all that are declarative based on bioecological theory, that really uses bioecological “PPCT“ model as the research design. The need for this kind of overview of this “theory in development“ is highlighted more by the fact that in our region is available the very first, ecological version of the Bronfenbrenner's theory (1997, Екологија људског развоја).
ГОВОР НИША У СВЕТЛУ НАЈНОВИЈИХ СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧКИХ ИСТРАЖИВАЊА
Authors: Trajković Tatjana
Published: April 2020

The new approach to the research of the speech of Niš is explained in this paper, in light of the newest sociolinguistic research. Since the research of the speech of Niš so far were determined by the approaches chosen by the authors and having in mind the newly made conditions in which the city of Niš changed in the demographic sense, the possibility of a newer, more modern and more encompassing exploration of the Niš vernacular has arisen. The goal of the research, the choice of the informers, the manner in which the material was gathered, the methodology of the treatment of the gathered material and the presentation of the results is presented. Following the suggested steps in the sociolinguistic approach to the speech of Niš, a new and more reliable representation of the speech of Niš today would be arrived at.
ЕФЕКТИ МОТИВАЦИОНЕ КЛИМЕ НА РАЗВОЈ АМОТИВАЦИЈЕ ЗА СПОРТ КОД МЛАДИХ РУКОМЕТАША
Authors: Trbojević Jovana , Petrović Jelica
Published: April 2020

Motivation as a main driver of human behavior plays an important role in the daily life of the individual. Lack of motivation leads to a withdrawal from activities such as sports. Interpersonal relations in adolescence have a relevant role in the development of motivation, with motivational climate formed by significant others (ego oriented or task oriented motivational climate) that shapes the type of motivation. This study examines the predictive role of motivational climate in the development of amotivation in young handball players. The sample consisted of 26 handball players from Vojvodina, average age of 12 years, who trained handball at least one year. Of instruments we used Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ, Duda & Whitehead, 1998), and Sport Motivation Scale (SMS, Pelletier et al., 1995). Results of regression analyzes indicate that the motivational climate is a significant predictor of amotivation for sport (F(2)=5.93, p=.01) and that it explains 38% of variance. Ego-oriented motivational climate has singled out as an individual predictor of amotivation (β=.51, p=.02). The paper analyzes the practical and theoretical implications of the results.
El daño moral en el contrato de cuenta corriente:
Authors: De la Maza Gazmuri Íñigo , Montes Serrano Nicolás
Published: April 2020

One of the first judicial decisions that acknowledged non-pecuniary damages in contract law in general terms was about the breach of a bank account contract. In this paper we consider several judicial decisions and try to systematize them inducting some criteria for dealing with the always thorny issue of non-pecuniary damages in contract law.
Evaluación de adquisición de habilidades en RCP básica y uso de DEA con recursos educativos
Authors: Ávila Juárez Silvia Angélica , Morales López Sara , Daniel Guerrero Alba Brenda , Olvera Cortés Hugo Erick , García Barrón Adriana Monserrat , Martínez Rodríguez Marco Antonio
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La mayoría de las víctimas de paro cardiorrespiratorio súbito en un ambiente extrahospitalario, no reciben reanimación cardiopulmonar básica; es necesario sensibilizar sobre la importancia de dicha habilidad y capacitar a la población.Objetivo: Evaluar la adquisición de habilidades en RCPB y aplicación de DEA con el uso de recursos educativos, en estudiantes de medicina de pregrado.Método: Estudio longitudinal en el que se hicieron 3 evaluaciones a estudiantes médicos de tercer año, a lo largo del 2017 y 2018, utilizando una lista de cotejo de 27 ítems. Los participantes fueron divididos en un grupo A, a quienes se les proporcionaron los recursos educativos; y en grupo B, a quienes no se les proporcionaron. Entre la primera y segunda evaluación tuvieron práctica deliberada con simuladores de baja fidelidad guiada por facilitadores, en la que aprendieron RCPB y uso de DEA; hubo otra práctica de reforzamiento entre la segunda y la tercera evaluación.Resultados: En la primera evaluación hubo 84 participantes en el grupo A, quienes obtuvieron un puntaje del 25.01% de la evaluación; mientras que el grupo B tuvo 86 participantes con 11.20%; 8 semanas después tuvieron la segunda evaluación, en esta permanecieron 65 participantes del grupo A, y 80 del B, con un puntaje de 68.97% y 66.27%, sin diferencia significativa (p = 0.546) con la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon.En el siguiente ciclo escolar se aplicó la última evaluación: la muestra se redujo a 19 y 38 participantes para el grupo A y el B, con un puntaje de 80.52% y 79.28%, sin diferencia significativa (p = 0.968).Conclusiones: Los recursos educativos no hicieron diferencia significativa en la adquisición de habilidades, pero el reforzar la práctica deliberada las mejoró. Para asegurar el progreso de las habilidades de los estudiantes y dar realimentación oportuna para que mejoren, es necesario evaluarlos y darles seguimiento.
Evaluación del desarrollo de la competencia clínica en odontopediatría con el examen clínico objetivo estructurado
Authors: Espinosa-Vázquez Olivia , Sánchez Mendiola Melchor , Leenen Iwin , Martínez-González Adrián
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La competencia clínica en odontología considera dominios que han sido evaluados de manera conjunta y es difícil identificar cuáles se desarrollan mejor en el proceso formativo.Objetivo: Evaluar el desarrollo de los dominios de la competencia clínica en estudiantes de odontología en la asignatura de Odontopediatría.Método: Estudio pre-post en la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM en la Ciudad de México. Se evaluó la competencia clínica antes y después del curso de Odontopediatría en el cuarto año de la licenciatura en Cirujano Dentista mediante el Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado, en un circuito de 18 estaciones de 6 minutos cada una, evaluadas con rúbricas de 4 a 20 criterios con entre dos y cuatro categorías. Se utilizó la Prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas, para identificar cambios en la competencia clínica global y en siete dominios.Resultados: 120 y 110 estudiantes realizaron las pruebas pre y postest respectivamente; 75% de quienes participaron en el pre, también lo hicieron en el post. Se observó progreso en el desarrollo global de la competencia clínica (Pre-x = 43.7%, Post-x = 53.5%; p < .0001). Los dominios principalmente desarrollados fueron plan de tratamiento (Pre-x = 39.9%, Pos-x = 53.2%), y habilidades técnicas (Pre-x = 49.4%, Pos-x = 65.4%).Conclusiones: La evaluación del desarrollo de los dominios de la competencia clínica en Odontopediatría permite identificar en profundidad las habilidades que son desarrolladas adecuadamente y las que no lo son, en el proceso formativo. Existe un énfasis en el saber hacer técnico-procedimental en la formación de los odontólogos. Es necesario repensar las estrategias educativas para potenciar el desarrollo equitativo del resto de los dominios de la competencia clínica.
Relación entre desempeño académico y vulnerabilidad social en estudiantes de fisiopatología
Authors: Sanguinetti José María , Pérez Abud Rocío , Carolina Ruiz Ana
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Existen numerosos factores que influyen en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes universitarios.Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de fisiopatología y su relación con los factores de vulnerabilidad social. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y un análisis estadístico descriptivo con resumen y medidas de asociación. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, provincia de origen, convivencia con sus familias, tener hijos, condiciones de trabajo, nivel educativo máximo de los padres, hacinamiento, pertenencia a pueblos indígenas, tipo de seguro de salud, tipo de escuela secundaria donde estudiaron, actividades en ONG, promedio de años en la universidad, haber aprobado anatomía y cantidad de veces que asistieron a fisiopatología.Resultados: La muestra final consistió en 275 encuestas. El 72.73% (n = 200) de los estudiantes era de la provincia de Salta, el 56% (n = 154) vivía con sus familias, el 5.45% (n = 15) tenía hijos y el 26.9% (n = 74) trabajaba. Solo 9 estudiantes vivieron una situación crítica de hacinamiento y 6 estudiantes pertenecían a un pueblo originario. Además, casi un tercio de la muestra realizó actividades en alguna ONG. El 82.91% (n = 228) de los estudiantes había aprobado la asignatura de anatomía y fisiología al comienzo de las clases de fisiopatología y el 61.01% (n = 169) había asistido una o más veces fisiopatología. Finalmente, el 11.63% (n = 32) de los estudiantes tenía vulnerabilidad social.Conclusiones: Los estudiantes con vulnerabilidad social mostraron un rendimiento académico insuficiente en comparación con aquellos no vulnerables. Además, la contención social del estudiante, algunas actividades y hábitos, su rendimiento académico anterior y el haber asistido a las clases de la asignatura más de una vez, se asocian positivamente con su rendimiento académico adecuado.
Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de medicina antes del internado médico
Authors: Flores-Tucto Marco , Celi-Castro Adriana , Dávila-Vásquez York
Published: April 2020

Ante la presencia del síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de internado, se busca saber cuán afectados están los estudiantes de grados inferiores al internado, obteniendo el porcentaje de los diagnosticados en dos estudios realizados en Perú.
Necesidad de una nueva posición de las revistas biomédicas frente a la publicación estudiantil
Authors: Lazo Herrera Luis Alberto , Vitón Castillo Adrian Alejandro
Published: April 2020

Gran parte de las investigaciones estudiantiles en ciencias de la salud son rechazadas actualmente por revistas biomédicas; se debe eliminar la mentalidad de que solo por ser estudiantes, el artículo no es publicable.
City-forming environmental agglomeration of Magnitogorsk
Authors: Fedosikhin Vladimir S.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. This paper presents a study of historically formed architecture of popular housing; a further subject is the specifics of the climate of Magnitogorsk City significantly contributing to the pollution of the atmosphere with emissions of Magnitogorsk Iron (MMK) integrated iron and steel works.

Materials and methods. Data of long-term satellite remote sensing and regulatory documents were used. Data of scientific research works and publications in periodicals on the topic were analyzed.

Results. A distribution of wind directions in Magnitogorsk was determined, as well as the atmospheric pollution index. Area pollution polygons were plotted around Magnitogorsk, in terms of dust and gas emissions of MMK in summer and in winter period of the year. A map of the Environmental Agglomeration of Magnitogorsk was plotted.

Conclusions. It was determined that in the polluted area around Magnitogorsk, the dust and gas emissions to the atmosphere have exterminated the natural environment contributed by the wind speed and direction, as well as by the air flow temperature. The wind transports the gas and dust emissions from MMK territory far beyond Magnitogorsk borders. Even if by 2024 the emission of pollutants from the hot workshops is reduced by 20 %, at least 20–30 years will be required for the perishing nature to resurrect. Thus, it is now absolutely high time, after a century of pollution with MMK emissions, to launch a number of landscape revitalization projects and to create environmentally aware architectural situation in the adjoining areas of the Environmental Agglomeration of Magnitogorsk. This goal is feasible for students of the Architectural School of Magnitogorsk of the Institute of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Arts. A list of students’ term and graduation papers of the architectural faculty has been revised, which are dedicated to the recovery of the architecture of the natural landscape and to the development of the architectural environment of the settlements of Verkhneuralskiy, Nagaybakskiy, Agapovskiy and Kizilskiy Districts.
Tracking the origin of civil engineering as a science since ancient times
Authors: Sysoeva Elena V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The gradual progressive evolvement of civil engineering as a science was nurtured by numerous discoveries, errors and regularities contributed by philosophers, mathematicians, engineers, architects, and researchers focused on versatile areas of knowledge. The author analyzes the transformation of civil engineering as a science since ancient times, as well as its dependence on historical events, territoriality, and discoveries. The objective of the research, covered by the article, consists in the detailed analysis of the history of civil engineering and the prognostication of its future development pattern.

Materials and methods. The author employed systematization, benchmarking, and theoretical generalization of the information collected from literary sources.

Results. The author has analyzed a number of Russian and foreign literary sources covering the formation and evolution of the civil engineering science, beginning with the works of ancient thinkers and philosophers and ending with the works of contemporary researchers. The author breaks down the history of analysis/design of buildings/structures into four development phases that have evolved into the present-day design procedure. The author also provides detailed information on ancient scholars, starting from those who lived in the second millennium B.C., and their contribution into the theory of building design. She highlights the most important works written by ancient philosophers and mathematicians all over the world, particularly those who influenced the development of the design theory. The author provides examples and photos of still-standing unique buildings and structures that date back to each development phase. Every step of civil engineering development is illustrated by buildings and descriptions of their constructions. The author also analyzes the most prominent attainments made in the field of structural mechanics and design of buildings at each development stage. She has tracked the evolvement of civil engineering since the inception of written languagest.

Conclusions. The author analyzes the prospects for the development of the civil engineering science with account for the most recent reports issued by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences.
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali in Russian Islamology: Soviet and Early Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Nasyrov I. R.
Published: April 2020

The article provides a comprehensive picture of the state of research on the thought of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058–1111), the greatest Islamic jurist, theologian and thinker, in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia. The research is important because there is a widespread stereotypical view in the West and Russia that the decline of rationalism in the Muslim world and strengthening of Mysticism is due to al-Ghazali. The ﬁrst part of the article traces down a number of research projects carried out during the aforementioned period, the dominant research trends and different approaches to al-Ghazali’s thought in general and certain his teachings. The author demonstrates that Soviet and Russian researchers have made a substantial progress in studying the intellectual legacy of al-Ghazali due to forsaking the one-sided approach that prevailed in Marxist Oriental studies during the Soviet era. According to their views, al-Ghazali developed a rationalistic trend of the Islamic Theology (Kalam) and Muslim Peripatetic Philosophy. Studies on al-Ghazali carried out in the late Soviet era and in Post-Soviet Russia will be analyzed in the second part of the paper.
The Tatar ‘Ulama’ on the Features of Fasting Among the Muslims of Volga Region and North of It: Past and Present
Authors: Adygamov R. K.
Published: April 2020

Islam, which originated in the Arabian Peninsula, spread up to the Atlantic Ocean in the West, up to India in the East and up to and across the Middle Volga region in the North. The details of the Islamic law and, more precisely, the features of worship in each regional case depended on the features of the nature and climate resp. on the circumstances of the economy as well as on the ethnic resp. cultural customs and traditions. The practice of Islamic worship in the northernmost region of Pax Islamica, i. e. in the Volga-Kama region, also supposed important questions to resolve. The Muslim legal thought should deal with the other length of day and night in comparison to the Middle East. Short nights and long days in summer, a large number of cloudy days in the Volga-Ural region have led theologians to seek ways to determine the time of beginning of fasting period and the month of Ramadan especially for this land. In particular, Sh. Marjani and M. Bigeev have paid their attention to this theme. The paper examines namely these attempts to adapt the rules of worship to the diversity of natural zones.
Linfopenia y riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales en ancianos en una institución de salud de Bogotá, Colombia. Estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Ariza-Galindo Carlos José , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , Muñoz-Velandia Oscar Mauricio
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: La linfopenia se ha propuesto como un potencial factor asociado al riesgo de infecciones bacterianas nosocomiales (infección urinaria y neumonía), pero la magnitud y relevancia de este factor no ha sido evaluada formalmente. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existe asociación entre linfopenia e infecciones nosocomiales en ancianos hospitalizados en una institución de salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, incluyendo personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre junio de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Se consideraron casos aquellos con diagnóstico de infección nosocomial (neumonía, infección de vías urinarias, bacteriemia, infección de tejidos blandos) y se compararon con controles sin infección emparejados por edad y sexo. Se evaluó la asociación entre linfopenia e infección nosocomial mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado controlando por las variables de confusión. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 198 pacientes (99 casos y 99 controles). La prevalencia de linfopenia fue de 34.8%, sin encontrarse diferencia entre los dos grupos (p=0.88). La infección nosocomial se asoció a mayor incidencia de mortalidad (29.3 vs 10.1%, p>0.001) y mayor duración de estancia hospitalaria (Mediana 18 vs 9 días, p<0.01). Se encontró asociación entre infección nosocomial con enfermedad cardiovascular (OR = 2.87; IC 95% 1.37-6.00) y antecedente de cáncer (OR = 6.00; IC 95% 1.28-29.78), sin embargo, no hubo asociación con linfopenia (OR = 1.27; IC 95% 0.61-2.65). Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que no existe asociación entre linfopenia y el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes ancianos.
Post-immersion: Towards a discursive situation in sound art
Authors: Budhaditya Chattopadhyay
Published: April 2020

Immersion is a much-used word in the domain of sound-based media arts. It is through immersion that the audiences are often made to engage with the artworks, using technical devices and medial dispositive that are at the intersection of culture and materiality in a post-digital era. In this mode of artistic representation, immersion operates as a context for realizing the production of presence as an illusion of non-mediation (Reiter, Grimshaw et al). The main concern of this proposed article is whether the audience tends to become a passive and non-acting guest within the immersive space often constructed by an authoritarian and technocratic consumer-corporate culture. I will argue in the article that in this mode of non-activity the audience may lose the motivation to question the content and context of the work by falling into a sensual and indulgent mode of experience, therefore allowing the consumerist-corporate powers to take over the free will of the audience (Lukas et al). From the position of a socially and environmentally committed sound artist myself, I will argue for producing a discursive context rather than an immersive one in sound artworks that aim to represent contemporary crisis such as climate change critically engaging with the Anthropocenic conditions. I will examine the possibility to create artworks where the individuality of the audience is carefully considered and taken into account as a crucial parameter. I will discuss a number of my recent works to develop and substantiate the argument.
Análisis de la resiliencia en la producción avícola a nivel mundial mediante curva de Kuznets
Authors: Rengifo-Palacios Francia , Estrada-Pareja Mónica María , Calle-Velásquez Camilo Alberto , Galeano-Vasco Luis Fernanado
Published: April 2020

Introducción. En este estudio se demuestra cómo el crecimiento del sector avícola está ligado a la producción de emisores contaminantes y enriquece la discusión acerca de la capacidad de recuperación ambiental que poseen los sistemas productivos. Objetivo. Detectar posibles factores que influencian la recuperación ambiental, y que permitan diseñar modelos productivos resilientes. Materiales y métodos. Aplicando el modelo de la curva ambiental de Kuznets, se analizó la relación existente entre las emisiones N2O, procedente de la gestión del estiércol avícola y la cantidad de producción del sector a nivel mundial, entre los años 1961 y 2014, identificando los países que cumplen con dicho modelo, el cual indica que a medida que aumenta la producción las emisiones tienden disminuir. Para ello, se utilizaron datos de la Faostat, Banco Mundial de Datos y la OCDE, los cuales fueron estudiados mediante análisis gráfico, modelo cuadrático y análisis factorial múltiple para datos mixtos, por medio el programa R Studio. Resultados. Los ingresos y el desarrollo económico, representado por medio de los países que pertenecen a la OCDE, es uno de los principales factores que explican la relación entre las emisiones y la productividad en países resilientes, o sea que presentaron una curva de Kuznets. Conclusiones. Estos resultados abren el debate sobre las condiciones particulares que hacen que este fenómeno se presente; una de éstas es el uso de tecnologías, las cuales aumentan la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos permitiendo, a su vez, minimizar las externalidades en los sistemas avícolas.
Modelación del desempeño hidrológico de techos verdes en ciudades andinas tropicales usando SWMM
Authors: Tabares-Catimay Jennifer , Gallo-Martínez Laura Marelly , Mancipe-Muñoz Nestor Alonso
Published: April 2020

Introducción. La modelación hidrológica es una herramienta que permite analizar el efecto de diferentes condiciones climatológicas sobre la capacidad de retención de agua lluvia que presentan los techos verdes en áreas intertropicales. Objetivo. Evaluar la capacidad del modelo SWMM para representar las dinámicas hidrológicas de techos verdes bajo condiciones experimentales de los Andes colombianos. Materiales y métodos. A partir del monitoreo de un módulo de techo verde extensivo en la Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, se implementa, ejecuta un análisis de sensibilidad, calibra y valida el modelo. Una vez validado, se analiza el comportamiento del techo verde frente a simulación de tormentas continuas y tormentas con distinta intensidad, frecuencia y duración. Resultados. Se demuestra que el modelo calibrado está en capacidad de reproducir satisfactoriamente la escorrentía percolada a través del techo verde para tormentas individuales con índices de eficiencia cercanos a 0,80 para Nash- Sutcliffe (NSE) y menores al 6 % para el error de volumen de escorrentía (RVE). De resultados de simulación, se determina que un incremento del 30 % de saturación inicial puede disminuir la capacidad de retención del techo verde entre el 10 al 17 % para las tormentas simuladas. Conclusión. Se demuestra que el software SWMM está en capacidad de representar las dinámicas de un techo verde experimental en las condiciones de los Andes colombianos al ser calibrado y validado correctamente. Por lo tanto, este modelo podría ser una herramienta útil para realizar análisis regionales respecto a la implementación de este tipo de SUDS en ciudades intertropicales.
Presencia internacional y sostenibilidad en mercados emergentes: grupo Nutresa hacia un liderazgo global
Authors: Gómez-Trujillo Ana María , Alzate-Rendón Isabel Cristina
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Las empresas que participan en la evaluación de su desempeño económico, ambiental y social buscan aumentar la transparencia y la trazabilidad, mantener un mejor posicionamiento y brindar más seguridad a sus inversionistas. Esto les permite obtener reconocimiento como líderes en sostenibilidad en índices como el Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la internacionalización de una empresa y su enfoque hacia la sostenibilidad, a partir de un análisis de caso de la empresa colombiana Grupo Nutresa S.A. y su referente internacional la compañía Thai Union Group PCL, ambas incluidas en el Índice Global de Sostenibilidad de Dow Jones 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se utiliza la metodología de estudio de casos para determinar la relación entre la internacionalización de la empresa y su enfoque hacia la sostenibilidad, a partir de un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de dos casos. Resultados. Thai Union Group resulta ser la empresa más sostenible a nivel mundial en la industria de alimentos; adicionalmente, se analiza un porcentaje significativo de sus ventas en el exterior, especialización de sus productos alimenticios y fuerte inversión en innovación; los cuales sirven como modelo a seguir para Grupo Nutresa S.A. La expansión internacional puede verse como una motivación a implementar estrategias de sostenibilidad que le otorguen mayor reconocimiento y reputación a la organización en los países destino. Conclusiones. Se evidencia una necesidad, por parte de Grupo Nutresa S.A., de especializar su modelo de negocio y apalancar sus ventas en el exterior, para tener una mayor penetración de mercado, y tomar provecho de sus 46 plantas de producción.