bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exercise after Heart Transplantation: Typical Alterations,
Diagnostics and Interventions
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Predel Hans-Georg , Reiss Nils
Published: July 2020

For the treatment of terminal heart failure, heart transplantation is considered
to be the gold standard, leading to significantly improved quality of life and
long-time survival. For heart transplant recipients, the development and
maintenance of good functional performance and adequate exercise capacity is
crucial for renewed participation and integration in self-determined live. In
this respect, typical transplant-related alterations must be noted that play a
significant role, leading to restrictions both centrally and peripherally.
Before patients begin intensive and structured exercise training, a
comprehensive diagnosis of their exercise capacity should take place in order to
stratify the risks involved and to plan the training units accordingly.
Particularly endurance sports and resistance exercises are recommended to
counter the effects of the underlying disease and the immunosuppressive
medication. The performance level achieved can vary considerably depending on
their individual condition, from gentle activity through a non-competitive-level
to intensive competitive sports. This paper includes an overview of the current
literature on heart transplant recipients, their specific characteristics, as
well as typical cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations. It also
discusses suitable tools for measuring exercise capacity, recommendations for
exercise training, required precautions and the performance level usually
achieved.
Response assessment of somatostatin receptor targeted radioligand therapies for progressive intracranial meningioma
Authors: Müther Michael , Roll Wolfgang , Brokinkel Benjamin , Zinnhardt Bastian , Sporns Peter B. , Seifert Robert , Schäfers Michael , Weckesser Matthias , Stegger Lars , Stummer Walter , Rahbar Kambiz
Published: July 2020

Background In somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expressing progressive meningioma, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has shown effect in small clinical series. However, standardized treatment and response assessment protocols are lacking. We present our experience on PPRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE in progressive meningioma with a special emphasis on state-of-the-art response assessment.

Methods Retrospective analysis on PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE from 2015 to 2019. Pre- and post-therapy imaging was performed using MRI and 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET for standard bidimensional and volumetric analyses, respectively, following novel RANO guidelines.

Results Seven patients with progressive intracranial meningioma (median age 73 years, interquartile range 60–76; 5 WHO II, 2 WHO I; 5 multifocal) received a median of 4 cycles 2
3
4 of PRRT with 177Lu-DOTATATE in eight-week intervals. Three patients did not undergo post-therapy 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET due to early symptomatic progression and subsequent cessation of PRRT. After completion of 4 PRRT cycles volumetric PET imaging showed stable disease in two of four patients. According to bidimensional MRI response assessment, only one patient was stable. Progression free survival at six months was 42.9 %.

Conclusion In this heterogeneous collective of seven patients with progressive meningioma, 177Lu-DOTATATE therapies showed heterogeneous effectiveness. PET-based volumetric assessment should be used for response assessment in PRRT additionally to bidimensional imaging.
Merocyanine Dyes with Extended Polymethine Chains by Simple Two-Step Condensation Sequence
Authors: Würthner Frank , Arjona-Esteban Alhama , Rausch Anja , Vysotsky Myroslav O.
Published: July 2020

We describe a synthetic method for the synthesis of merocyanine dyes containing a bridge with three conjugated double bonds. This method consists of two successive condensation reactions. The first one is made between CH-acidic indane-1,3-dione acceptor units and an appropriate ketone (here acetone or hexan-2-one). The extended acceptor thus obtained is condensed with an aldehyde in the next step. The dyes show high tinctorial strength due to intense absorption bands at wavelengths between 500 and 750 nm.
17p13.3 Microduplication Syndrome: Further Delineating the Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Farra Chantal , Abdouni Lina , Hani Abeer , Dirani Leyla , Hamdar Layal , Souaid Mirna , Awwad Johnny
Published: July 2020

17p13.3 microduplication syndrome has been associated with a clinical spectrum of phenotypes, and depending on the genes involved in the microduplication, it is categorized into two classes (Class I and Class II). We herein, describe two patients diagnosed with Class I 17p13.3 microduplication by BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay and further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our patients (Patient 1: 4-year-old male; Patient 2: 2-year-old male) presented with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features. When compared with the literature, our patients manifested distinctive features (Patient 1: primary hypothyroidism; Patient 2: bilateral cryptorchidism) that were not previously described in the duplication 17p13.3 spectrum.
Autoregulation of Pulsatile Bioprosthetic Total Artificial Heart is Involved in Endothelial Homeostasis Preservation
Authors: Smadja David M. , Chocron Richard , Rossi Elisa , Poitier Bastien , Pya Yuri , Bekbossynova Mahabbat , Peronino Christophe , Rancic Jeanne , Roussel Jean Christian , Kindo Michel , Gendron Nicolas , Migliozzi Ludovica , Capel Antoine , Perles Jean Christophe , Gaussem Pascale , Ivak Peter , Jansen Piet , Girard Claude , Carpentier Alain , Latremouille Christian , Guerin Coralie , Netuka Ivan
Published: July 2020

Pulsatile Carmat bioprosthetic total artificial heart (C-TAH) is designed to be implanted in patients with biventricular end-stage heart failure. Since flow variation might contribute to endothelial dysfunction, we explored circulating endothelial biomarkers after C-TAH implantation in seven patients and compared the manual and autoregulated mode. Markers of endothelial dysfunction and regeneration were compared before and during a 6- to 9-month follow-up after implantation. The follow-up was divided into three periods (< 3, 3–6, and > 6 months) and used to estimate the temporal trends during the study period. A linear mixed model was used to analyze repeated measures and association between tested parameters according to the mode of C-TAH and the time. Relevance of soluble endoglin (sEndoglin) level increase has been tested on differentiation and migration potential of human vasculogenic progenitor cells (endothelial colony forming cells [ECFCs]). Normal sEndoglin and soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) levels were found in patients after implantation with autoregulated C-TAH, whereas they significantly increased in the manual mode, as compared with pretransplant values (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In the autoregulated mode, a significant increase in the mobilization of cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 was found (p = 0.03). After adjustment on the mode of C-TAH, creatinine or C-reactive protein level, sEndoglin, and sEPCR, were found significantly associated with plasma total protein levels. Moreover, a significant decrease in pseudotubes formation and migration ability was observed in vitro in ECFCs receiving sEndoglin activation. Our combined analysis of endothelial biomarkers confirms the favorable impact of blood flow variation achieved with autoregulation in patients implanted with the bioprosthetic total artificial heart.
Direct prediction of nonlinear tearing mode saturation using a variational principle
Authors: Loizu J. , Huang Y.-M. , Hudson S. R. , Baillod A. , Kumar A. , Qu Z. S.
Published: July 2020

It is shown that the variational principle of multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamics (MRxMHD) can be used to predict the stability and nonlinear saturation of tearing modes in strong guide field configurations without resolving the dynamics and without explicit dependence on the plasma resistivity. While the magnetic helicity is not a good invariant for tearing modes, we show that the saturated tearing mode can be obtained as an MRxMHD state of a priori unknown helicity by appropriately constraining the current profile. The predicted saturated island width in a tearing-unstable force-free slab equilibrium is shown to reproduce the theoretical scaling at small values of Δ′ and the scaling obtained from resistive magnetohydrodynamics simulations at large Δ′.
Onset of interchange instability in a coupled core–SOL plasma
Authors: Wilczynski Fryderyk , Hughes David W. , Arter Wayne , Militello Fulvio
Published: July 2020

The dynamics at the edge of fusion confinement devices is driven by interchange instabilities and involves the motion of plasma across two regions—the “core region” and the scrape-off layer (SOL)—distinguished by whether field lines are, respectively, closed or connected to the wall. Motivated by this phenomenon, we present an extensive linear stability analysis of a two-layer plasma model encompassing the coupled interactions between the region with closed field lines and the SOL. We focus on the effect of varying the particle diffusivity and ion viscosity, revealing the significant variation in the spatial structure of the critical modes. In addition, we have investigated the dependence of the stability threshold on the ratio of the width of the region with closed field lines to that of the SOL; this dependence is strong when the ratio is sufficiently small, but becomes insignificant once the ratio is of order unity.
Intermediate-band-assisted near-field thermophotovoltaic devices with InAs, GaSb, and Si based absorbers
Authors: Shen Wei , Xiao Juying , Wang Yuan , Su Shanhe , Guo Juncheng , Chen Jincan
Published: July 2020

A new scheme of near-field thermophotovoltaic devices is proposed by introducing the intermediate-band absorber. The two-step excitation via the intermediate band provides a large photogenerated current density and maintains a high voltage output for the thermal-electric conversion. Energy dissipation processes in devices are analyzed by using the detailed balance model. Results show that the powers and efficiencies of thermophotovoltaic devices with intermediate bands in appropriate positions are clearly larger than those of the conventional counterparts. Based on the optical properties observed in experiments, three types of absorber materials are compared, which indicates that InAs with low energy bandgap is more suitable as a high-temperature material for photon absorptions than GaSb and Si. Comparing the performance of our model with experiments, we show that the InAs based thermophotovoltaic device allows the enhancement of efficiency over a range of gap sizes. The proposed model may open a new field in the application of thermophotovoltaic devices.
Numerical analysis of the spectral broadening of the EC resonance for Gaussian beams propagating in inhomogeneous plasmas, with applications to EC H&CD in ITER
Authors: Mariani A. , Farina D. , Figini L.
Published: July 2020

A model is proposed which accounts for the modification in the electron cyclotron (EC) resonance condition for Gaussian beams injected in inhomogeneous plasmas, due to the finite width of the transversal spectrum caused by the paraxial character of the beams, within the framework of the complex geometrical optics. The resonance modification due to the non-uniformity of the equilibrium magnetic field is taken into account as well. This model, which is suitable for electron cyclotron resonance heating and current drive applications, has been implemented as an option in the beam-tracing code GRAY. Numerical examples of the application of this new tool to International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor scenarios are given, with results that indicate a minor effect of the EC resonance broadening on the EC power deposition profiles for the considered cases.
Three-dimensional cross-field flows at the plasma-material interface in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Thompson Derek S. , Khaziev Rinat , Fortney-Henriquez Miguel , Keniley Shane , Scime Earl E. , Curreli Davide
Published: July 2020

This article describes experimental evidence that the magnetic presheath is a fully three-dimensional structure modified by ion–neutral collisions. Velocity distributions of both ions and neutrals, obtained via laser-induced fluorescence, show that cross field ion drifts do not result from entrainment of ions in a flowing neutral background. Ion flows parallel to E×B arise and accelerate to as much as 0.2cs within several ion gyroradii of the boundary surface, where cs is the sound speed. Within measurement resolution, the onset of the E×B aligned flow occurs at the same distance to the surface that ions begin to deflect from travel along magnetic field lines. Collisional fluid and particle-in-cell simulations of the boundary region are compared to the experimental measurements. We find that, in contrast to the classical collisionless Chodura model, collisional effects between the ions and the non-flowing neutral population are essential to quantitatively predict the observed ion drift velocities. No momentum coupling between ions and neutrals, separable from noise and other effects, is observed in either signal. We discuss several explanations and implications of this observation.
Electron paramagnetic resonance and theoretical study of gallium vacancy in
β
-Ga2O3
Authors: Son Nguyen Tien , Ho Quoc Duy , Goto Ken , Abe Hiroshi , Ohshima Takeshi , Monemar Bo , Kumagai Yoshinao , Frauenheim Thomas , Deák Peter
Published: July 2020

Unintentionally doped n-type β-Ga2O3 becomes highly resistive after annealing at high temperatures in oxygen ambient. The annealing process also induces an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) center, labeled IR1, with an electron spin of S = 1/2 and principal g-values of gxx = 2.0160, gyy = 2.0386, and gzz = 2.0029 with the principal axis of gzz being 60° from the [001]* direction and gyy along the b-axis. A hyperfine (hf) structure due to the hf interaction between the electron spin and nuclear spins of two equivalent Ga atoms with a hf splitting of ∼29 G (for 69Ga) has been observed. The center can also be created by electron irradiation. Comparing the Ga hf constants determined by EPR with corresponding values calculated for different Ga vacancy-related defects, the IR1 defect is assigned to the double negative charge state of either the isolated Ga vacancy at the tetrahedral site (V2−Ga(I)) or the VGa(I)–Gaib–VGa(I) complex.
Heat conduction in oxide glasses: Balancing diffusons and propagons by network rigidity
Authors: Sørensen Søren S. , Pedersen Elsebeth J. , Paulsen Frederikke K. , Adamsen Ida H. , Laursen Jonas L. , Christensen Sofia , Johra Hicham , Jensen Lars R. , Smedskjaer Morten M.
Published: July 2020

Understanding the variation of thermal conduction in disordered oxides is important for applications related to energy saving and electronics but currently lacks fundamental insight into the phonon propagation mechanisms. In this Letter, we report a strong correlation between thermal conductivity and the speed of sound within two families of modified oxide glass formers, in agreement with phonon-gas-theory predictions for crystalline materials. Based on calculations of diffuson-mediated heat transport, we then show that thermal conductivity in borate glasses is dominated by diffusive vibrational modes, while both diffusive and propagative modes contribute to heat conduction in silicate glasses. This fundamental difference in the heat propagation mechanism originates from differences in the phonon mean free path of low-frequency modes caused by the inherent variation of atomic rigidity between silicate and borate glasses.
Skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator in synthetic antiferromagnetic nanodisks
Authors: Zhou Sai , Zheng Cuixiu , Chen Xing , Liu Yaowen
Published: July 2020

The skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator is a potential next-generation nano microwave signal generator. In this paper, the self-sustained oscillation dynamics of magnetic skyrmions are investigated in a nanodisk with synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayer structure, in which the skyrmion Hall effect can be effectively suppressed. An analytical model based on the Thiele equation is developed to describe the dynamics of a pair of skyrmions formed in the SAF nanodisks. Combining the analytical solutions with the micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that circular rotations with opposite directions for a skyrmion pair could be suppressed by increasing the antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling in a nanopillar with dual spin polarizers. However, a stable circular rotation can be achieved in a nanopillar with a single spin polarizer, in which one skyrmion plays as a master whose rotation is driven by spin torque, while the other skyrmion is a slaver whose motion is dragged by the AF coupling between the two free layers. Moreover, we found that the effective mass factor in the SAF structure rather than the gyrotropic torque plays the dominant role in the circular rotation of skyrmions. The rotation orbit radius and frequency gradually increase with the decrease of damping factor and increase of applied current strength.
Understanding the response of aluminosilicate and aluminoborate glasses to sharp contact loading using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Haidong , Deng Binghui , Sundararaman Siddharth , Shi Yunfeng , Huang Liping
Published: July 2020

Experimental studies have shown that glass systems with high boron content exhibit superior crack resistance under sharp contact loading. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. In this context, we carried out classical molecular dynamics simulations on sodium aluminosilicate and sodium aluminoborate systems to investigate the effect of boron on the response of glass to nanoindentation. A rigid V-shaped indenter is used to indent the glass sample with a fixed loading rate, during which the indenter interacts with the glass via a repulsive force field. The indenter angle and tip radius are varied to study the effect of indenter sharpness, as what has been done in experiments. These simulated nanoindentation tests reveal how the stress/strain field and the glass structure evolve with deformation underneath the indenter. It was found that a large number of boron atoms in the plastic zone change from three- to fourfold coordination during the loading process, and most of them revert back to the threefold coordination state during the unloading process. Our study shows that this “reversible” boron coordination change plays a critical role in increasing the damage resistance of glass.
High-field Q-slope mitigation due to impurity profile in superconducting radio-frequency cavities
Authors: Checchin M. , Grassellino A.
Published: July 2020

In this study, we present the recent insights into the origin of the high-field Q-slope in superconducting radio frequency cavities. Consequent hydrofluoric acid rinses are used to probe the radio frequency performance as a function of the material removal of two superconducting bulk niobium cavities prepared with low temperature nitrogen infusion. The study reveals that nitrogen infusion affects only the first few tens of nanometers below the native oxide layer. The typical high-field Q-slope behavior of electropolished cavities is indeed completely recovered after a dozen hydrofluoric acid rinses. The reappearance of the high-field Q-slope as a function of material removal was modeled by means of London's local description of screening currents in the superconductor, returning good fitting of the experimental data and suggesting that a layer of interstitial impurities with diffusion length on the order of tens of nanometers can mitigate high-field Q-slope.
Low-Mach hybrid lattice Boltzmann-finite difference solver for combustion in complex flows
Authors: Hosseini S. A. , Abdelsamie A. , Darabiha N. , Thévenin D.
Published: July 2020

A hybrid solver for low-Mach combustion simulations has been proposed and validated through different test-cases in a previous publication [Hosseini et al., “Hybrid lattice Boltzmann-finite difference model for low Mach number combustion simulation,” Combust. Flame 209, 394–404 (2019)]. However, all the considered configurations were laminar, far from realistic applications. To check the performance of this approach for more complex physical processes, the developed solver is used here to model a variety of transitional and turbulent reacting flows. It is first used to compute an established benchmark, the Taylor–Green vortex, for (a) an iso-thermal single-component fluid, (b) a thermal non-reacting mixture, and (c) a thermal reacting mixture (hydrogen/air flame). Detailed comparisons of the results against a high-order in-house direct numerical simulation solver show that the proposed hybrid lattice Boltzmann solver correctly captures the dynamics of the flow at relatively low numerical cost. This same solver is then used to model the interaction of a methane/air flame with a vortex pair, revealing different interaction regimes of interest for turbulent combustion models. It is further employed to model the interaction of an expanding circular flame kernel with a pair of vortices and correctly captures the characteristic regimes. To showcase its ability to deal with turbulent flows, it is finally applied to a homogeneous isotropic turbulent configuration.
Establishing the structural motifs present in small ammonium and aminium bisulfate clusters of relevance to atmospheric new particle formation
Authors: Kreinbihl John J. , Frederiks Nicoline C. , Waller Sarah E. , Yang Yi , Johnson Christopher J.
Published: July 2020

Atmospheric new particle formation is the process by which atmospheric trace gases, typically acids and bases, cluster and grow into potentially climatically relevant particles. Here, we evaluate the structures and structural motifs present in small cationic ammonium and aminium bisulfate clusters that have been studied both experimentally and computationally as seeds for new particles. For several previously studied clusters, multiple different minimum-energy structures have been predicted. Vibrational spectra of mass-selected clusters and quantum chemical calculations allow us to assign the minimum-energy structure for the smallest cationic cluster of two ammonium ions and one bisulfate ion to a CS-symmetry structure that is persistent under amine substitution. We derive phenomenological vibrational frequency scaling factors for key bisulfate vibrations to aid in the comparison of experimental and computed spectra of larger clusters. Finally, we identify a previously unassigned spectral marker for intermolecular bisulfate–bisulfate hydrogen bonds and show that it is present in a class of structures that are all lower in energy than any previously reported structure. Tracking this marker suggests that this motif is prominent in larger clusters as well as ∼180 nm ammonium bisulfate particles. Taken together, these results establish a set of structural motifs responsible for binding of gases at the surface of growing clusters that fully explain the spectrum of large particles and provide benchmarks for efforts to improve structure predictions, which are critical for the accurate theoretical treatment of this process.
Shockwave dissipation by interface-dominated porous structures
Authors: Dattelbaum Dana M. , Ionita Axinte , Patterson Brian M. , Branch Brittany A. , Kuettner Lindsey
Published: July 2020

The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) has enabled topological control of structures at the micrometer scale, transforming the properties of polymers for a variety of applications. Examples include tailored mechanical responses, acoustic properties, and thermal properties. Porous polymer materials are a class of materials used for shock and blast mitigation, yet they frequently possess a lack of structural order and are largely developed and evaluated via trial-and-error. Here, we demonstrate control of shockwave dissipation through interface-dominated structures prepared by AM using 2-photon polymerization. A fractal structure with voids, or free surfaces, arranged less than 100 μm apart, allows for rarefaction interactions on the timescale of the shockwave loading. Simulations and dynamic x-ray phase contrast imaging experiments show that fractal structures with interfaces assembled within a “critical” volume reduce shockwave stress and wave velocity by over an order of magnitude within the first unit cell.
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of droplet dynamics in two-phase separation with temperature field
Authors: Chen Ningguang , Jin Zunlong , Liu Yonghao , Wang Peng , Chen Xiaotang
Published: July 2020

This paper adds a temperature field based on the Shan–Chen model and constructs a new model. The two-phase separation, fluid flow, and heat transfer characteristics under the temperature field were studied by using this model. The performance of the three processes of collision, interface opening, and coalescence experienced by droplet formation was analyzed in detail. The results show that the velocity and temperature on the liquid film of the droplet are symmetric with respect to the central position of the liquid film. Moreover, the droplet velocity is also symmetric about the center of the droplet, which provides a theoretical basis for the droplet to maintain stability. By changing the wall temperature difference, the temperature distribution formula in the square cavity is proposed, which is highly consistent with the simulated value, and the maximum error is 10.1%. The proposed new model makes a meaningful supplement to the improvement of two-phase separation.
Stress-modulated optimization of polymorphic phase transition in Li-doped (K,Na)NbO3
Authors: Khansur Neamul H. , Martin Alexander , Riess Kevin , Nishiyama Hiroshi , Hatano Keiichi , Wang Ke , Li Jing-Feng , Kakimoto Ken-ichi , Webber Kyle G.
Published: July 2020

The effect of uniaxial compressive stress on the crystal structure of a 6 mol. % Li-doped (K,Na)NbO3 (LKNN6a) ceramic was investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, revealing the stress-induced relative change in monoclinic Pm and tetragonal P4mm phases. As such, stress-induced phase transformations, in addition to the lattice deformation and domain switching, are the contributing factors for the observed macroscopic mechanical behavior of LKNN6a. The in situ stress-dependent diffraction data also demonstrates a method to mechanically modulate the polymorphic phase transition temperature (TPPT) to a higher temperature, as observed by the temperature-dependent permittivity measurements under a constant bias stress. The external uniaxial compressive stress increases the stability of the lower symmetry monoclinic phase, shifting TPPT to a higher temperature by 60 °C for the maximum uniaxial compressive stress of 300 MPa in the studied composition. Importantly, the stress-induced stabilization of the room-temperature ferroelectric phase can be useful to optimize the phase transition region, as well as increase the temperature stability of lead-free KNN.
Low-energy electron inelastic mean free path for monolayer graphene
Authors: Nguyen-Truong Hieu T. , Da Bo , Yang Lihao , Ding Zejun , Yoshikawa Hideki , Tanuma Shigeo
Published: July 2020

The electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) is an important quantity for electron spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. At present, there are very few data of IMFPs for two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we determine the IMFP at energies below 100 eV for monolayer graphene both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental determination is based on a data-driven spectral analysis technique, including the virtual substrate method and the reverse Monte Carlo method. The theoretical determination is performed within the dielectric formalism, using the energy-loss function calculated in the time-dependent density functional theory. The experimental and theoretical results show that the IMFP for monolayer graphene is almost constant (about 1 nm) in the energy range of 6–100 eV. This study suggests a general and reliable approach to determine low-energy IMFPs for 2D materials.
Double-absorber thin-film solar cell with 34% efficiency
Authors: Ahmad Faiz , Lakhtakia Akhlesh , Monk Peter B.
Published: July 2020

Power-conversion efficiency is a critical factor for the wider adoption of solar-cell modules. Thin-film solar cells are cheap and easy to manufacture, but their efficiencies are low compared to crystalline-silicon solar cells and need to be improved. A thin-film solar cell with two absorber layers (instead of only one), with bandgap energy graded in both, can capture solar photons in a wider spectral range. With a 300-nm-thick CuIn1−ξ1Gaξ1Se2 absorber layer and an 870-nm-thick Cu2ZnSn(Sξ2Se1−ξ2)4 absorber layer, an efficiency of 34.45% is predicted by a detailed optoelectronic model, provided that the grading of bandgap energy is optimal in both absorber layers.
Welfare issues associated with moulting of laying hens
Authors: Glatz P. C. , Tilbrook A. J.
Published: July 2020

A practice that is used to extend the period of lay of hens is induced moulting. It involves restriction of nutrients, and sometimes manipulation of lighting, with the consequent loss of bodyweight and feathers, regression of the reproductive tract and cessation of egg lay. When the period of moulting is completed, the reproductive tract will regenerate and egg production will resume, thereby extending the overall period of lay. Towards the end of the laying cycle of hens, the production and quality of eggs decline. At this point, some egg farmers will induce a moult in the flocks to reduce bird-replacement costs and improve profitability. In the Australian egg industry, less than 10% of layers are moulted. There are implications for the welfare of hens that are induced to moult, particularly due to loss of bodyweight and feathers. Histopathological studies have shown the extent to which loss of feathers may affect welfare from a physical perspective, and it terms of pain. It is apparent that induced moulting can lead to an increase in aggression and injurious pecking, and birds with poor feather cover are vulnerable to damage from this pecking. Induced moulting can increase stress, although the implications of this for the welfare of hens is not well understood. The endocrine events associated with induced moulting are reasonably well known and it is possible to manipulate the endocrine system to extend the lay of hens without the need to moult. Nevertheless, these approaches are unlikely to be adopted into practice. More importantly, hens should always have feed and water available and are in good condition before undergoing a moult. This is essential from the perspective of ensuring adequate standards of welfare of birds.
Intraspecific competition reduces the quantity of excreted nutrients in tadpoles
Authors: Ramamonjisoa Noelikanto , Rakotonoely Harisoa , Kwon TaeOh , Nakanishi Kosuke , Natuhara Yosihiro
Published: July 2020

Anuran larvae can form the largest animal biomass seasonally in freshwater environments, yet, they are still one of the least-studied taxa in terms of nutrient regeneration. The present study tested whether sympatric tadpoles regenerate nutrients at similar rates and ratios, and whether increased intraspecific competition (hereafter ‘competition’) alters patterns of excretion. We quantified rates and ratios of excretion (dissolved nitrogen (N) from ammonia, phosphorus (P) from total dissolved P, and N:P ratio) in three pond-dwelling Japanese tadpoles (Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Rhacophorus schlegelii, Hyla japonica), and tested the effect of competition on excretion in Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Rhacophorus arboreus. The three co-occurring species regenerated nutrients at different rates and ratios; H. japonica excreted nutrients and produced faecal pellets at the lowest rates. Inside field enclosures, increasing tadpole density reduced the quantity but not the quality of excretion by the tadpoles, suggesting higher nutrient sequestration, likely to maintain a stoichiometrically balanced growth under limited resources. Differences in rates and ratios of excretion have previously been shown to have various effects on community structure by affecting primary productivity, highlighting the importance of species identity and interactions on ecosystem function.
Population genetic structure of estuary perch (Percalates colonorum Gunther) in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Stoessel Daniel J. , van Rooyen Anthony R. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Raymond Scott M. C. , van Wyk Bryan , Haddy James , Lieschke Jason , Weeks Andrew R.
Published: July 2020

Estuary perch (Percalates colonorum Gunther) is an estuary dependent fish native to south-eastern Australia that is in decline. There is an increasing emphasis on stocking the species. Understanding the genetic structure across its range is important for guiding optimal stocking strategies. A prior study found some evidence of population genetic structure; however, few genetic markers were used in that assessment. Here, we develop 21 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers to reassess population genetics. Analyses indicate three broad genetic clusters, with populations on mainland Australia exhibiting an isolation by distance pattern. The only known population from Tasmania is genetically and geographically isolated from mainland populations and has very low levels of genetic diversity. We provide recommendations for sourcing broodstock from mainland populations, including describing three broad areas for procuring and releasing broodstock and offspring. The markers and results reported here will prove invaluable for guiding and monitoring the outcomes of stocking and conservation activities.
Effects of unregulated visitor access on chick fledging mass and survival in yellow-eyed penguins
Authors: Bell Gemma , Young Melanie J. , Seddon Philip J. , van Heezik Yolanda
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Context Wildlife tourism is expanding and can detrimentally affect taxa such as penguins, if not managed carefully. The yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) is an endangered species, with mainland populations projected to decline to extinction in the next 40 years, despite conservation interventions. Their nesting sites are exposed to increasing numbers of human visitors, which contributes to reduced reproductive success.
AimsWe evaluated the effectiveness of a breeding colony (Boulder Beach) closure to the public, which was implemented to reduce visitor disturbance.
MethodsWe compared reproductive success 5 years before and 5 years during the closure with success at an adjacent site (Sandfly Bay) that experiences high human disturbance, over the same time periods.
Key resultsBeach closure did not result in an increase in chick mass or survival at Boulder Beach; however, trends at adjacent Sandfly Bay suggested that, without the closure, chick survival at Boulder Beach would likely have declined. Chick survival decreased at Sandfly Bay across the two 5-year periods, whereas chick survival at Boulder Beach did not decline, but remained constant during the closure years.
ConclusionsThe beach closure was beneficial because it appeared to buffer environmental factors, so that mean chick survival remained constant rather than declining.
Implications Beach closures might be difficult to implement because of public expectations regarding free access to coastal land in New Zealand, but they should be considered at sites where increasing numbers of visitors are likely to have detrimental impacts on wildlife. Without urgent action, these culturally important animals will likely be extinct on mainland New Zealand within the next few decades. Beach closures may represent an effective management measure to increase population resilience by decreasing the detrimental impacts of visitors on breeding success.
Shifts in signed media interpreting
Authors: Wehrmeyer Ella
Published: July 2020

This study offers a unique contribution through the construction of an annotated text-based sign language
interpreting corpus and its application in analyzing shifts (defined as deviations from source semantic content), which in turn
enables researchers to identify and categorize interpreter strategies and norms. The corpus comprises ten half-hour news
broadcasts in English and their simultaneously signed interpretations into South African Sign Language. The analysis of shifts
shows that interpreters mainly strive to produce a fluent output, combatting cognitive overload through condensation, use of
synonyms and omission. However, they also cater for target language norms through attention to discourse features and syntactic
reformulation and by addressing perceived target audience knowledge gaps through explanations. Time constraints limit full
deverbalization and repair strategies, and Deaf communicative norms occasionally conflict with interpreting norms. Although most
shifts could be related to interpreter strategies and norms, the interpreters occasionally made syntactic errors, hindering
comprehension.
Characteristics and Re-Offending Rates Amongst Individuals Found Not Guilty by Reason of Mental Illness (NGMI): A Comparison of Men and Women in a 25-Year Australian Cohort
Authors: Dean Kimberlie , Singh Sara , Kemp Richard , Johnson Anina , Nielssen Olav
Published: July 2020

In a 25-year Australian cohort of men and women found Not Guilty by reason of Mental Illness (NGMI forensic patients; N = 477), we aimed to: establish the sociodemographic, clinical and forensic characteristics of the sample, comparing men and women; to establish rates of post-release reoffending, including for men and women separately; and to test associations between individual characteristics and post-release re-offending in the full sample. Post-release re-offending was considered in terms of officially-recorded charges, proven offenses, violent offenses, and any offending within the first 12 months of release. Women (13.8%) were found to differ significantly from men on a number of key characteristics but, although women had a higher rate of proven offending in the early post-release period, sex was not a predictor of post-release offending overall. Post-release re-offending rates were low (6.3% committed proven offenses in the first 12 months following release) and the only independent predictor of re-offending was a clinically-recorded diagnosis of co-morbid personality disorder (i.e. co-morbid with a primary psychosis diagnosis). The differences identified between male and female NGMI forensic patients, including the differences in re-offending in the early post-release period, have implications for the development of forensic services and interventions, in both inpatient and community settings.
Generation and characterisation of few-pulse attosecond pulse trains at 100 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Osolodkov Mikhail , Furch Federico J , Schell Felix , Šušnjar Peter , Cavalcante Fabio , Menoni Carmen S , Schulz Claus P , Witting Tobias , Vrakking Marc J J
Published: July 2020

The development of attosecond pump–probe experiments at high repetition rate requires the development of novel attosecond sources maintaining a sufficient number of photons per pulse. We use 7 fs, 800 nm pulses from a non-collinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser system to generate few-pulse attosecond pulse trains (APTs) with a flux of >106 photons per shot in the extreme ultraviolet at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The pulse trains have been fully characterised by recording frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts (FROG-CRAB) traces with a velocity map imaging spectrometer. For the pulse retrieval from the FROG-CRAB trace a new ensemble retrieval algorithm has been employed that enables the reconstruction of the shape of the APTs in the presence of carrier envelope phase fluctuations of the few-cycle laser system.
Further studies on the physics potential of an experiment using LHC neutrinos
Authors: Beni N , Brucoli M , Cafaro V , Camporesi T , Cerutti F , Dallavalle G M , Danzeca S , De Roeck A , De Rújula A , Fasanella D , Giordano V , Guandalini C , Ioannisyan A , Lazic D , Margotti A , Lo Meo S , Navarria F L , Patrizii L , Rovelli T , Sabaté-Gilarte M , Sanchez Galan F , Santos Diaz P , Sirri G , Szillasi Z , Wulz C-E
Published: July 2020

We discuss an experiment to investigate neutrino physics at the LHC, with emphasis on tau flavour. As described in our previous paper Beni et al (2019 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
46 115008), the detector can be installed in the decommissioned TI18 tunnel, ≈480 m downstream the ATLAS cavern, after the first bending dipoles of the LHC arc. The detector intercepts the intense neutrino flux, generated by the LHC beams colliding in IP1, at large pseudorapidity η, where neutrino energies can exceed a TeV. This paper focuses on exploring the neutrino pseudorapity versus energy phase space available in TI18 in order to optimize the detector location and acceptance for neutrinos originating at the pp interaction point, in contrast to neutrinos from pion and kaon decays. The studies are based on the comparison of simulated pp collisions at

s

=

13 TeV: PYTHIA events of heavy quark (c and b) production, compared to DPMJET minimum bias events (including charm) with produced particles traced through realistic LHC optics with FLUKA. Our studies favour a configuration where the detector is positioned off the beam axis, slightly above the ideal prolongation of the LHC beam from the straight section, covering 7.4 < η < 9.2. In this configuration, the flux at high energies (0.5–1.5 TeV and beyond) is found to be dominated by neutrinos originating directly from IP1, mostly from charm decays, of which ≈50% are electron neutrinos and ≈5% are tau neutrinos. The contribution of pion and kaon decays to the muon neutrino flux is found small at those high energies. With 150 fb−1 of delivered LHC luminosity in Run 3 the experiment can record a few thousand very high energy neutrino charged current (CC) interactions and over 50 tau neutrino CC events. These events provide useful information in view of a high statistics experiment at HL–LHC. The electron and muon neutrino samples can extend the knowledge of the charm PDF to a new region of x, which is dominated by theory uncertainties. The tau neutrino sample can provide first experience on reconstruction of tau neutrino events in a very boosted regime.
Excitation of localized graphene plasmons by aperiodic self-assembled arrays of metallic antennas
Authors: Kaydashev V , Khlebtsov B , Miakonkikh A , Zhukova E , Zhukov S , Mylnikov D , Domaratskiy I , Svintsov D
Published: July 2020

Infrared (IR) and terahertz plasmons in two-dimensional (2D) materials are commonly excited by metallic or dielectric grating couplers with deep-submicron features fabricated by e-beam lithography. Mass reproduction of such gratings at macroscopic scales is a labor-consuming and expensive technology. Here, we show that localized plasmons in graphene can be generated on macroscopic scales with couplers based on randomly oriented particle-like nanorods (NRs) in close proximity to graphene layer. We monitor the excitation of graphene plasmons indirectly by tracking the changes in reflection/absorption spectra of methylene blue (MB) or polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) molecules deposited on the structure. Hybridization of spectrally broad graphene plasmon and narrow molecular oscillators results in enhanced oscillator strengths and Fano scattering related lines asymmetry in reflection spectra.
Harmonization strategies for multicenter radiomics investigations
Authors: Da-Ano R , Visvikis D , Hatt M
Published: July 2020

Carrying out large multicenter studies is one of the key goals to be achieved towards a faster transfer of the radiomics approach in the clinical setting. This requires large-scale radiomics data analysis, hence the need for integrating radiomic features extracted from images acquired in different centers. This is challenging as radiomic features exhibit variable sensitivity to differences in scanner model, acquisition protocols and reconstruction settings, which is similar to the so-called ‘batch-effects’ in genomics studies. In this review we discuss existing methods to perform data integration with the aid of reducing the unwanted variation associated with batch effects. We also discuss the future potential role of deep learning methods in providing solutions for addressing radiomic multicentre studies.
Plasma parameters in positive voltage pulses of bipolar HiPIMS discharge determined by Langmuir probe with a sub-microsecond time resolution
Authors: Pajdarová Andrea Dagmar , Kozák Tomáš , Hubička Zdeněk , Čada Martin , Mareš Pavel , Čapek Jiří
Published: July 2020

We have determined the local plasma parameters using the Langmuir probe measurements with a sub-microsecond time resolution during positive voltage pulses of a bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge using an unbalanced magnetron with a titanium target. The effects of the positive voltage pulse amplitude and the delay between the negative voltage pulse end and the positive voltage pulse initiation are investigated as well as the spatial dependence of the plasma parameters at three distances from the target. From the results, the values of the average energy flux of ions during the positive voltage pulse to the substrate are estimated. We have found that the time evolution of the plasma parameters has similar developments which are independent of the positive voltage pulse parameters and the distance from the target, although the values of the plasma parameters are different. During the initial part of the positive voltage pulse, a large difference (up to 200 V) between the plasma and the floating potential accompanied by a high electron temperature (up to 150 eV) and a significant decrease of electron density (up to one order of magnitude) is registered. After this part, the difference of the potentials and the electron temperature are low (<2 V and ≲1 eV, respectively). The short delays between the negative voltage pulse end and the positive voltage pulse initiation as well as the higher positive voltage amplitudes have a beneficial effect on the average energy flux of ions during the positive voltage pulse to the grounded and insulated substrates.
Unbalanced radial current flow simulation of no-insulation REBCO pancake coils during normal state transition
Authors: Kurauchi Thomas , Noguchi So
Published: July 2020

The no-insulation (NI) winding technique greatly enhances the thermal stability of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O
x
, RE = Rare Earth) pancake coils by avoiding burn-out and thermal runaway. The complicated electrical behaviors in NI REBCO pancake coils produce convoluted mechanical behaviors, so that some journal papers reported that high-field NI REBCO pancake coils were mechanically damaged during quench. To apply NI REBCO magnets for practical commercial use, it is important to understand the electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of NI REBCO pancake coils in detail with both experiments and simulations. To clarify the electrical behaviors, a few simulation methods for NI REBCO pancake coils have been proposed; such as a simple RL parallel equivalent circuit. In these previous models, the radial current paths along the top and bottom of the pancake coils are represented as one current circuit path. However, since the radial current path of the bottom of one pancake coil is actually very close to that of the top of the next lowest coil, inductive behavior between these two paths appears. The simulation results show a probability that different amounts of radial current on the top and bottom of one pancake coil are carried during quench.