bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CS2activation at uranium(iii) siloxide ate complexes: the effect of a Lewis acidic site
Authors: Camp Clément , Cooper Oliver , Andrez Julie , Pécaut Jacques , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: November 2014

Multimetallic cooperativity plays an important role in U(iii) mediated CS2reduction: the reductive dimerization of CS2occurs preferentially at a heterodimetallic U, K complex while the reductive disproportionation pathway is favoured by the “ate” complex [K(18c6)][U(OSi(OtBu)3)4].
Dinuclear first-row transition metal complexes with a naphthyridine-based dinucleating ligand
Authors: Davenport T. C. , Tilley T. D.
Published: November 2014

A series of “diamond-core” bridged dinuclear first-row transition metal complexes with the dinucleating ligand DPFN are prepared and characterized.
Porphyrins as excellent dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: recent developments and insights
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: November 2014

Porphyrin sensitizers have exhibited power conversion efficiencies that are comparable to or even higher than those of well-established highly efficient DSSCs based on ruthenium complexes.
In situ tetrazole templated chair-like decanuclear azido-cobalt(ii) SMM containing both tetra- and octa-hedral Co(ii) ions
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Zhu , Gao Song , Sato Osamu
Published: November 2014

An unprecedented azido-bridged chair-like [CoII10] SMM containing both tetra- and octahedral Co(ii) ions was prepared through an in situ [2 + 3] cyclo-addition reaction in a sealed system. Magnetic study showed that it exhibited overall intracluster ferromagnetic couplings and slow magnetic relaxation at both zero and non-zero applied fields.
Catalytic properties and biomedical applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Walkey Carl , Das Soumen , Seal Sudipta , Erlichman Joseph , Heckman Karin , Ghibelli Lina , Traversa Enrico , McGinnis James F. , Self William T.
Published: November 2014

Nanoceria – CeO2−xredox active nanoparticles targeting ROS and RNS.
Phosphate removal using modified Bayoxide® E33 adsorption media
Authors: Lalley Jacob , Han Changseok , Mohan Gayathri Ram , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Speth Thomas F. , Garland Jay , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N.
Published: November 2014

Newly developed surface-modified Bayoxide® E33 showed potential for phosphate removal applications.
Synergistic effects of Ni and acid sites for hydrogenation and C–O bond cleavage of substituted phenols
Authors: Song Wenji , Liu Yuanshuai , Baráth Eszter , Zhao Chen , Lercher Johannes A.
Published: November 2014

The hydrodeoxygenation of substituted phenols by the dual-functional Ni/HZSM-5 showed that Ni activities were pronouncedly enhanced at proximal zeolite acid sites.
Preliminary toxicity and ecotoxicity assessment of methyltrioxorhenium and its derivatives
Authors: Stolte S. , Bui H. T. T. , Steudte S. , Korinth V. , Arning J. , Białk-Bielińska A. , Bottin-Weber U. , Cokoja M. , Hahlbrock A. , Fetz V. , Stauber R. , Jastorff B. , Hartmann C. , Fischer R. W. , Kühn F. E.
Published: November 2014

The initial evaluation of the hazard potential of MTO shows that it causes strong short-term (eco)toxicological effects and offers preliminary indications of its genotoxic potential.
A microfluidic device and automatic counting system for the study of C. elegans reproductive aging
Authors: Li Siran , Stone Howard A. , Murphy Coleen T.
Published: November 2014

We report the development of a microfluidic assay and a real-time, automatic progeny counting system that records progeny counting information from many individualC. eleganshermaphrodites.
Inkjet-printed microelectrodes on PDMS as biosensors for functionalized microfluidic systems
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Wang Ridong , Yu Haixia , Li Guijun , Xu Kexin , Tien Norman C. , Roberts Robert C. , Li Dachao
Published: November 2014

An additive method using inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles to fabricate a microelectrode-based biosensor inside microchannels of PDMS with MPTMS modification is proposed.
Modeling the mitotic regulatory network identifies highly efficient anti-cancer drug combinations
Authors: Wu Yiran , Zhuo Xiaolong , Dai Ziwei , Guo Xiao , Wang Yao , Zhang Chuanmao , Lai Luhua
Published: November 2014

A mammalian cell mitotic network model was built and two effective anti-cancer drug combinations, Aurora B/PLK1 and microtubule formation/PLK1, were identified.
Magnetically triggered release of molecular cargo from iron oxide nanoparticle loaded microcapsules
Authors: Carregal-Romero Susana , Guardia Pablo , Yu Xiang , Hartmann Raimo , Pellegrino Teresa , Parak Wolfgang J.
Published: November 2014

Iron oxide nanocube-modified microcapsules as a platform for magnetically triggered molecular release.
On stoichiometry and intermixing at the spinel/perovskite interface in CoFe2O4/BaTiO3 thin films
Authors: Tileli Vasiliki , Duchamp Martial , Axelsson Anna-Karin , Valant Matjaz , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Alford Neil McN.
Published: November 2014

The performance of complex oxide heterostructures depends primarily on the interfacial coupling of the two component structures. Here, we report on the chemical complexity of the heteroepitaxy between CoFe2O4 and BaTiO3 on the atomic level.
Enhanced capacitance of composite TiO2nanotube/boron-doped diamond electrodes studied by impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Siuzdak K. , Bogdanowicz R. , Sawczak M. , Sobaszek M.
Published: November 2014

We report on novel composite nanostructures based on boron-doped diamond thin films grown on top of TiO2nanotubes.
Nuclear uptake of ultrasmall gold-doxorubicin conjugates imaged by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and electron microscopy
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Shastry Sathvik , Bradforth Stephen E. , Nadeau Jay L.
Published: November 2014

FLIM is used to observe uptake of stable gold-doxorubicin conjugates into cells and nuclei.
On-chip high power porous silicon lithium ion batteries with stable capacity over 10 000 cycles
Authors: Westover Andrew S. , Freudiger Daniel , Gani Zarif S. , Share Keith , Oakes Landon , Carter Rachel E. , Pint Cary L.
Published: November 2014

We demonstrate the operation of a graphene-passivated on-chip porous silicon material as a high rate lithium battery anode with over 50X power density, and 100X energy density improvement compared to identically prepared on-chip supercapacitors.
Near-infrared absorbing polymer nano-particle as a sensitive contrast agent for photo-acoustic imaging
Authors: Aoki Hiroyuki , Nojiri Mayumi , Mukai Rieko , Ito Shinzaburo
Published: November 2014

Polymer nano-particles containing a NIR dye generate a strong photo-acoustic (PA) wave and can be used as a sensitive contrast agent for the in vivo PA imaging.
Hydrothermal-assisted synthesis of the Na7V4(P2O7)4(PO4)/C nanorod and its fast sodium intercalation chemistry in aqueous rechargeable sodium batteries
Authors: Deng Chao , Zhang Sen , Wu Yongxin
Published: November 2014

The 1D nanostructure and open ion channel provide Na7V4(P2O7)4(PO4)/C nanorods with good sodium intercalation characteristics in an aqueous electrolyte.
Investigation of the localized surface plasmon effect from Au nanoparticles in ZnO nanorods for enhancing the performance of polymer solar cells
Authors: Ho Yu-Che , Kao Shao-Hsuan , Lee Hsin-Che , Chang Sheng-Kai , Lee Cheng-Che , Lin Ching-Fuh
Published: November 2014

The organic polymer solar cell is recognized as one of the most competitive technologies of the next generation.
Graphene-like BN/gelatin nanobiocomposites for gas barrier applications
Authors: Biscarat J. , Bechelany M. , Pochat-Bohatier C. , Miele P.
Published: November 2014

We report a simple, effective and green way for the fabrication of gelatin–graphene-like BN nanocomposites for gas barrier applications.
Facile synthesis of high quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes on novel 3D KIT-6: application in high performance dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Balamurugan Jayaraman , Pandurangan Arumugam , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee
Published: November 2014

Fabrication of cost-effective counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells using high quality multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized on novel 3D KIT-6 hard template.
Flexible 3D porous CuO nanowire arrays for enzymeless glucose sensing: in situ engineered versus ex situ piled
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Zhu Yihua , Yang Xiaoling , Chen Wei , Zhou Ying , Li Chunzhong
Published: November 2014

CuO nanowires with vertical array electrode architecture can be applied as a bendable glucose enzymeless sensor, showing outperforming sensitivity over the conventional ex situ drop-cast CuO nanowire/glassy carbon electrode.
Guest–host interactions and their impacts on structure and performance of nano-MoS2
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Guan Zhaoruxin , Li Yejing , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan
Published: November 2014

The interactions between the embedded guest species and the nano-MoS2host improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the resulting nano-MoS2.
High performance electrocatalyst consisting of CoS nanoparticles on an organized mesoporous SnO2 film: its use as a counter electrode for Pt-free, dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Park Jung Tae , Lee Chang Soo , Kim Jong Hak
Published: November 2014

A high performance electrocatalyst was prepared based on CoS nanoparticles on an organized mesoporous SnO2 platform. High energy conversion efficiencies of 6.6% and 7.5% were demonstrated in solid and liquid state, Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), respectively.
Porous cobalt–manganese oxide nanocubes derived from metal organic frameworks as a cathode catalyst for rechargeable Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Liangjun , Xu Leilei , Ge Xiaoming , Zhao Xiao , Lai Min , Liu Zhaolin , Chen Wei
Published: November 2014

Porous cathode catalyst: the porous cobalt–manganese oxide nanocubes catalyst with large specific surface area and good electrochemical activity endows Li–O2 battery with good ORR/OER activity (reduced voltage gap), improved rate performance and excellent cycle stability.
Carbon with ultrahigh capacitance when graphene paper meets K3Fe(CN)6
Authors: Chen Kunfeng , Liu Fei , Xue Dongfeng , Komarneni Sridhar
Published: November 2014

A novel supercapacitor system with a graphene paper electrode in the redox-electrolyte of K3Fe(CN)6 was designed based on a system-level planning of electrode/electrolyte systems.
Precursor salt assisted syntheses of high-index faceted concave hexagon and nanorod-like polyoxometalates
Authors: Pal Jaya , Ganguly Mainak , Mondal Chanchal , Negishi Yuichi , Pal Tarasankar
Published: November 2014

This paper describes an effective modified hydrothermal method for a precursor salt assisted fabrication and reshaping of two different polyoxometalates [(NH4)2Cu(MoO4)2 (ACM) and Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2 (CMOH)] through straightforward and indirect routes.
Extent of intramolecular cyclization in RAFT-synthesized methacrylic branched copolymers using 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rosselgong J. , Armes S. P.
Published: November 2014

The extent of intramolecular cyclization for a series of soluble branched methacrylic copolymers is determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy via deconvolution of oxymethylene carbon signals.
OEGylated cyclodextrin-based thermoresponsive polymers and their switchable inclusion complexation with fluorescent dyes
Authors: Mao Qiongqin , Liu Kun , Li Wen , Yan Jiatao , Zhang Afang
Published: November 2014

OEGylated cyclodextrin-based polymers exhibit characteristic thermoresponsiveness and switchable inclusion ability towards fluorescent dyes.
Reversal of the enantioselectivity in aldol addition over immobilized di- and tripeptides: studies under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Gurka András , Bucsi Imre , Kovács Lenke , Szőllősi György , Bartók Mihály
Published: November 2014

The reversal of the enantioselectivity in the heterogeneous asymmetric direct aldol reactions obtained over resin supported di- versus tripeptides was studied in a continuous-flow system.
Theoretical study of two-photon circular dichroism on molecular structures simulating aromatic amino acid residues in proteins with secondary structures
Authors: Vesga Yuly , Diaz Carlos , Hernandez Florencio E.
Published: November 2014

Calculation and comparative analysis of the theoretical two-photon circular dichroism (TPCD) spectra of l-His, l-Phe, and l-Tyr simulating residues in proteins with secondary structures (α-helix, β-strand and random coil), down to the far-UV region (FUV).
Photoluminescent, self-cleaning titanium oxide nanocomposites with multifunctional properties
Authors: Smitha Venu Sreekala , Pillai Saju , Saraswathy Hareesh Unnikrishnan Nair , Nair Balagopal N. , Warrier Krishna Gopakumar
Published: November 2014

Novel multifunctional luminescent and self-cleaning nanocomposites and coatings of Eu doped TiO2–SiO2–LaPO4 (Eu-TSL) were synthesized from an aqueous sol–gel process which possess photoactivity, low wettability and photoluminescent properties.
Large-scale production of spherical Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor powders with narrow size distribution using a two-step spray drying method
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Jung Kyeong Youl , Son Mun Young , Chan Kang Yun
Published: November 2014

Dense spherical Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphor particles with a narrow size distribution were successfully prepared by using a two-step spray drying method. This method is easily scalable and can therefore be applied to the mass production of phosphor particles with high photoluminescence.
Friction, tribochemistry and triboelectricity: recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Galembeck Fernando , Burgo Thiago A. L. , Balestrin Lia B. S. , Gouveia Rubia F. , Silva Cristiane A. , Galembeck André
Published: November 2014

Mechanochemical reactions during polymer friction or contact produce ionic fragments distributed on positive and negative domains at both surfaces.
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of diphenylaminobenzylidene-substituted poly(3-methylthiophene methine)/graphite composite
Authors: Li Junjie , Wang Lei , Jia Xiaole , Xiang Xiongzhi , Ho Cheuk-Lam , Wong Wai-Yeung , Li Hua
Published: November 2014

Polymer–inorganic composites show great potential for use as thermoelectric (TE) materials.
Signal-enhanced electrochemical immunosensor for CD36 based on cascade catalysis of a GOx labeled Prussian blue functionalized Ceria nanohybrid
Authors: Peng Kan-Fu , Zhao Hong-Wen , Wu Xiong-Fei
Published: November 2014

A novel electrochemical immunosensor was constructed for human scavenger receptor B type CD36 with glucose oxidase labeled Prussian blue nanoparticles functionalized ceria nanoparticles as the signal enhancer.
Synthesis and characterization of Co-NPAC and in situ hydroxyl radical generation for the oxidation of dye laden wastewater from the leather industry
Authors: Karthikeyan S. , Ahamed R. Bavas , Velan M. , Sekaran G.
Published: November 2014

Cobalt oxide supported on nanoporous activated carbon (Co-NPAC) could be utilized as a catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of organic dye chemicals in tannery wastewater.
Synthesis and characterisation of nickel oxide nanofibre webs with alcohol sensing characteristics
Authors: George Gibin , Anandhan S.
Published: November 2014

NiO nanofibers were fabricated using poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as sacrificial base and the alcohol sensing properties of the NiO nanofibers were evaluated.
The selective conversion of d-limonene to p,α-dimethylstyrene
Authors: Sanchez-Vazquez S. A. , Sheppard T. D. , Evans J. R. G. , Hailes H. C.
Published: November 2014

The conversion of d-limonene selectively to p,α-dimethylstyrene (DMS) only has been achieved via a palladium acetate-catalysed dehydrogenation.
A natural broad-spectrum sunscreen formulated from the dried extract of Brazilian Lippia sericea as a single UV filter
Authors: Polonini H. C. , Brandão M. A. F. , Raposo N. R. B.
Published: November 2014

The photoprotective activity of someLippiaspecies is described for the first time, in terms of UVA and UVB protection.
Equilibrium and kinetic studies of Se(vi) removal by Mg–Al layered double hydroxide doped with Fe2+
Authors: Kameda Tomohito , Kondo Eisuke , Yoshioka Toshiaki
Published: November 2014

Schematic diagram for Se(vi) removal by the Fe2+-doped Mg–Al layered double hydroxide.
Scalable preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon microspheres for efficient CO2 capture
Authors: Wang Mei , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng , Long Donghui
Published: November 2014

Nitrogen-enriched carbon microspheres with uniform and monodispersed morphology can be synthesized via a facile, scalable and environmentally friendly process.
N-Doped ordered mesoporous carbon grafted onto activated carbon fibre composites with enhanced activity for the electro-Fenton degradation of Brilliant Red X3B dye
Authors: Peng Qiaoli , Zhang Zehui , Huang Ze'ai , Ren Wei , Sun Jie
Published: November 2014

N-Doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N-OMC) was successfully prepared using dicyandiamide (C2H4N4) as the nitrogen source and was grafted onto activated carbon fibres (ACFs) to form carbon composites (ACF@N-OMC).
Preparation of rGO-wrapped magnetite nanocomposites and their energy storage properties
Authors: Hameed A. Shahul , Reddy M. V. , Chowdari B. V. R. , Vittal Jagadese J.
Published: November 2014

Reduced graphene oxide-wrapped magnetite nanocomposites obtained by a simple precipitation and freeze drying method exhibit stable and high reversible lithium storage.
Flexible, micro-porous chitosan–gelatin hydrogel/nanofibrin composite bandages for treating burn wounds
Authors: Kumar P. T. Sudheesh , Praveen G. , Raj Mincy , Chennazhi K. P. , Jayakumar R.
Published: November 2014

Fibrin nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan–gelatin hydrogel matrix to develop a composite bandage with wound-healing potential.
Water-soluble non-polymeric electrospun cyclodextrin nanofiber template for the synthesis of metal oxide tubes by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Celebioglu Asli , Vempati Sesha , Ozgit-Akgun Cagla , Biyikli Necmi , Uyar Tamer
Published: November 2014

We report on the suitability of water-soluble non-polymeric electrospun cyclodextrin (CD) nanofiber templates by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to yield metal oxide tubes.
A bead-based microfluidic approach to integrated single-cell gene expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR
Authors: Sun Hao , Olsen Tim , Zhu Jing , Tao Jianguo , Ponnaiya Brian , Amundson Sally A. , Brenner David J. , Lin Qiao
Published: November 2014

Gene expression analysis at the single-cell level is critical to understanding variations among cells in heterogeneous populations.
Multifunctional alkoxysilanes prepared by thiol–yne “click” chemistry: their luminescence properties and modification on a silicon surface
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Wang Dengxu , Zhang Jie , Feng Shengyu
Published: November 2014

Novel multifunctional alkoxysilanes were prepared by facile thiol–yne “click” chemistry without heavy metal catalyst or solvent. These are used to modify the Si surface, which can then be used for further functionalization or the immobilization of polymers or biomolecules.
A combined magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory approach for the elucidation of electronic structure and bonding in three- and four-coordinate iron(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
Authors: Fillman Kathlyn L. , Przyojski Jacob A. , Al-Afyouni Malik H. , Tonzetich Zachary J. , Neidig Michael L.
Published: November 2014

Studies of electronic structure and bonding in iron(ii)–NHC complexes using a combined magnetic circular dichroism and DFT approach.
Cobalt co-catalysis for cross-electrophile coupling: diarylmethanes from benzyl mesylates and aryl halides
Authors: Ackerman Laura K. G. , Anka-Lufford Lukiana L. , Naodovic Marina , Weix Daniel J.
Published: November 2014

Cobalt phthalocyanine mediated generation of benzylic radicals from benzylic sulfonate esters enables the selective nickel-catalyzed synthesis of diarylmethanes.
N-phenyl[60]fulleropyrrolidines: alternative acceptor materials to PC61BM for high performance organic photovoltaic cells
Authors: Karakawa Makoto , Nagai Takabumi , Adachi Kenji , Ie Yutaka , Aso Yoshio
Published: November 2014

Novel [60]fulleropyrrolidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated based on device performance. TheN-phenyfulleropyrrolidines showed better photovoltaic performance than theN-alkyl derivatives and showed high PCE up to 7.3% on combination with PTB7.
Low-cost and flexible ultra-thin silicon solar cell implemented with energy-down-shift via Cd0.5Zn0.5S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots
Authors: Baek Seung-Wook , Shim Jae-Hyoung , Ko Yun-Hyuk , Park Jin-Seong , Lee Gon-Sub , Jalalah Mohammed , Al-Assiri M. S. , Park Jea-Gun
Published: November 2014

Flexible ultra-thin silicon solar cells with power-conversion-efficiency of 12.4 % implemented with an energy-down-shift layer show stable, flexible and twistable characteristics.
Multiphase sodium titanate/titania composite nanostructures as Pt-based catalyst supports for methanol oxidation
Authors: Sui Xu-Lei , Wang Zhen-Bo , Li Cun-Zhi , Zhang Jing-Jia , Zhao Lei , Gu Da-Ming , Gu Shuo
Published: November 2014

The performance variations of catalysts show the “M” shape, which is closely related to the phase change of supports.
Reproductive and paternal mediated developmental toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in adult male Wistar rats
Authors: Reddy K. Pratap , Girish B. P. , Reddy P. Sreenivasula
Published: November 2014

In this study, we evaluated reproductive toxic effects of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in adult male Wistar rats.
Modification of juglon dye as a sensitiser in dye‐sensitised solar cells
Authors: Sönmezoğlu Savaş , Akyürek Cafer , Akış Hasan
Published: November 2014

Natural juglon dye was obtained from the outer shell of walnut (Juglans Regia L.) fruit by hot extraction method followed by doping using aluminium, copper and iron metals. These metal‐free and metal‐doped juglon dyes were used as sensitisers in the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐based dye‐sensitised solar cells. The absorption results show that the metal‐doped dyes have a wider absorption spectra than metal‐free dyes and TiO2 alone. The best performance was achieved by the copper‐doped juglon‐based sensitiser, resulting in an efficiency of 1.63%. Moreover, the incident photon‐to‐current efficiency curve indicates that both copper‐ and iron‐doped juglons have promise as dye‐sensitised solar cells technologies. These findings confirm that metal‐free and metal‐doped dye‐sensitised solar cells have scientific and industrial potential owing to their simple and inexpensive production method.
Semi‐Z‐source inverter topology for grid‐connected photovoltaic system
Authors: Ahmed Tofael , Mekhilef Saad
Published: November 2014

Transformer‐less inverters are necessary parts for grid‐connected renewable energy resources. Owing to its cost effectiveness, downsize and less weight, great attention has been paid to these inverters development. With these aforementioned advantages, these inverters have limitations like the flow of leakage current through photovoltaic arrays, high total harmonic distortion (THD) at inverter's output and DC current injection to the grid. This study presents coupled inductor‐based single‐phase transformer‐less semi‐Z‐source inverter topology to lessen those limitations. Since the DC input and AC output voltage share a common ground, the presented inverter system is categorised under doubly grounded topologies. For the purpose of handling, the non‐linearity of the voltage gain of semi‐Z‐source inverter, a non‐linear sinusoidal pulse‐width modulation technique has been employed. The prototype of the suggested inverter has been constructed. The performance and compatibility of modulation technique are verified under different loading conditions. The feasibility of the configuration is ensured based on the mitigated common‐mode leakage current, the substantially lower THD as well as DC current injected to the grid. Moreover, the presence of coupled inductor significantly contributes in reducing input current ripple, installation area of the inverter and enhancing the efficiency. Finally, this topology exhibits appreciable performance to operate synchronously and transfer power to the grid.
Biological defleecing: intravenous infusion of amino acid mixtures lacking lysine and methionine creates a weakened zone in the wool staple, which is amenable to mechanical wool harvesting
Authors: Hynd P. I. , Edwards N. M. , Weaver S. , Chenoweth K. , Stobart R. , Heberle N.
Published: November 2014

Conventional shearing of sheep is labour-intensive, expensive and presents significant occupational health and safety risks. The only alternative at present is based on injection of epidermal growth factor, which severs the fibre at the follicle level. This technology cannot be used in pregnant animals and requires application of a net to retain the severed fleece. An alternative is to create a weakened zone within the wool staple, which would be sufficiently strong to retain the fleece on the sheep while a protective covering regrows, but sufficiently weak as to allow painless and automated removal of the fleece. We demonstrate that this approach is possible using mixtures of amino acids lacking lysine and methionine. Initially we demonstrate the relationships between staple strength, a subjective ‘harvestability’ score and a subjective ‘pain’ score, using fleeces from animals treated with varying levels of cortisol to create a wide range of strengths of wool attachment. We assigned a score to the ease with which we could manually break the staples, and also to the animal’s response to breaking the staples still attached to the skin. The relationships between these variables indicated that a staple was considered harvestable and could be removed with minimal skin flinch response at a staple strength of ~10–13 N/kTex. Staples within this range were then produced by intravenous infusion of mixtures of amino acids lacking in lysine and methionine for a 5-day period. The weak point was uniformly created across the entire fleece and when a prototype roller-pin device was applied to the weakened wool, it uniformly broke the fleece of the three sheep tested. The mode of action of the amino acid treatment on wool growth was studied. There was no effect of unbalanced amino acids on the rate of follicle bulb cell division, the number of active wool follicles, or the length of the keratinisation zone in the wool follicle. Fibre diameter was reduced by ~4 microns by treatment, and intrinsic fibre strength (strength relative to cross-sectional area of the wool fibres), was reduced by ~50%. Results of these trials are encouraging but further work is required to develop a practical, on-farm method of altering systemic amino acid supply and to design an automated, high-throughput system of severing the weakened wool.
Metabolomics deciphers quantitative resistance mechanisms in diploid potato clones against late blight
Authors: Yogendra Kalenahalli N. , Kushalappa Ajjamada C. , Sarmiento Felipe , Rodriguez Ernesto , Mosquera Teresa
Published: November 2014

Resistance to late blight in potato is either qualitative or quantitative in nature. The quantitative resistance is durable, but the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying quantitative resistance are poorly understood, and are not efficiently utilised in potato breeding. A non-targeted metabolomics, using high resolution hybrid mass spectrometry, was applied to decipher the mechanisms of resistance in the advanced breeding diploid potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja), with valuable sources of genetic diversity. The metabolomics profiles of resistant genotypes (AC04 and AC09) were compared with a susceptible commercial genotype (Criolla Colombia), following Phytophthora infestans or mock-inoculation, to identify the resistance related (RR) metabolites. Metabolites belonging to phenylpropanoids, flavonoid and alkaloid chemical groups were highly induced in resistant genotypes relative to susceptible. Concurrently, the biosynthetic genes, tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC) and tyramine hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (THT), involved in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), and chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase (FLS), involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, were also upregulated, as confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Probable genes coding for these enzymes were sequenced and nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) were identified. The resistance to late blight observed in this study was mainly associated with cell wall thickening due to deposition of HCAAs, flavonoids and alkaloids.
Makings of Icons: Alan Newsome, the Red Kangaroo and the Dingo
Authors: Newsome Thomas M.
Published: November 2014

The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the dingo (Canis dingo) are two of Australia's iconic mammals. Both are ingrained in the national psyche and well known internationally. For the red kangaroo, recognition has come despite the fact that the highest densities of the species occur well away from most of the human population. The dingo has achieved its status despite being present on the continent for perhaps as little as 3,000 years. This article considers the question of how, and why, these two animals became so elevated in the popular imagination and the scientific literature. It is a story of both the integers and consequences of scientific research, a story best told with a particular focus on the contribution made by one individual. Alan Newsome changed our understanding of the interactions between agriculture, introduced species and native wildlife, and was one of the first to understand the possibilities of enriching western science with Indigenous knowledge. He was a pioneer in explaining—particularly by reference to the red kangaroo in central Australia—the remarkable story of how Australian wildlife has adapted to survive some of the harshest conditions on the planet. His work across the landscape of the arid zone has had profound implications for management and conservation in Australia. This, then, is the story of three icons: the red kangaroo, the dingo and Alan Newsome.
Howard Knox Worner 1913–2006
Authors: Tegart W. J. McG. , Hickman B. S.
Published: November 2014

Howard Knox Worner was a renowned figure in Australian applied science and engineering. His successful career can be credited to his strong intellect, leadership and charisma. Coming from a humble farming background, he achieved a brilliant academic career in metallurgy and materials at the University of Melbourne. From the position of Dean of Engineering he moved into industry as Director of Research with BHP where his leadership led to significant improvements in conventional steel production and where he conceived his concept of continuous steelmaking. This was not put into practice but after moving to CRA he applied his concept to continuous copper production where it has largely been accepted around the world. Later he was a high-level adviser to Government on energy research and development, particularly the economic utilization of brown coal for liquid and gaseous fuels. In his ‘retirement' he became deeply involved at the University of Wollongong in the application of microwaves to mineral processing and waste treatment. He died on 17 November 2006, aged 93.
Transport of arsenic in some affected soils of Indian subtropics
Authors: Das Indranil , Ghosh Koushik , Das D. K. , Sanyal S. K.
Published: November 2014

An experiment on transport of aqueous arsenic (As) from both affected and unaffected soils of West Bengal, India, was conducted with the help of double-chambered columns in the laboratory. In the vertical column study, the sigmoid shape of breakthrough curves (BTCs) suggests hydrodynamic dispersion, whereas the inflexion of BTCs at a much lesser relative concentration indicates retention of As in the affected soils. In the horizontal column study, the affected soils showed lower mechanical filtration capacity and solute permeability and higher reflection coefficient, indicating greater As retention in these soils. The frictional coefficients for soil-water solute derived from the horizontal flow also indicate As retention by the affected soils. The As retention capacity of these soils was attributed to the greater clay content, illitic minerals, organic matter, specific surface area, and amorphous iron and aluminium content.
Relationships between annual plant productivity, nitrogen deposition and fire size in low-elevation California desert scrub
Authors: Rao Leela E. , Matchett John R. , Brooks Matthew L. , Johnson Robert F. , Minnich Richard A. , Allen Edith B.
Published: November 2014

Although precipitation is correlated with fire size in desert ecosystems and is typically used as an indirect surrogate for fine fuel load, a direct link between fine fuel biomass and fire size has not been established. In addition, nitrogen (N) deposition can affect fire risk through its fertilisation effect on fine fuel production. In this study, we examine the relationships between fire size and precipitation, N deposition and biomass with emphasis on identifying biomass and N deposition thresholds associated with fire spreading across the landscape. We used a 28-year fire record of 582 burns from low-elevation desert scrub to evaluate the relationship of precipitation, N deposition and biomass with the distribution of fire sizes using quantile regression. We found that models using annual biomass have similar predictive ability to those using precipitation and N deposition at the lower to intermediate portions of the fire size distribution. No distinct biomass threshold was found, although within the 99th percentile of the distribution fire size increased with greater than 125 g m–2 of winter fine fuel production. The study did not produce an N deposition threshold, but did validate the value of 125 g m–2 of fine fuel for spread of fires.
Auxiliary choice with Dutch verbs of directed motion
Authors: Beliën Maaike
Published: November 2014

Dutch perfect tenses are constructed with the auxiliaries zijn ‘be’ and hebben ‘have’. Over the years, several semantic generalizations have been proposed to account for this auxiliary choice. This paper evaluates these generalizations on the basis of examples with verbs of directed motion (draaien ‘turn’, keren ‘turn’, and stijgen ‘ascend, rise’), collected from the Internet. The paper concludes that these data are problematic for analyses of auxiliary choice in terms of telicity and ‘Inferable Eventual Position or State’, yet provide support for analyses of auxiliary choice that rely on the notion of ‘construal’ of the motion event. In particular, the paper argues that zijn is used when the event is construed as a ‘change of state’, while hebben is used when it is construed as a ‘type of act’.
The licensing condition on clausal ellipsis
Authors: Boone Enrico
Published: November 2014

This paper is concerned with the correct characterization of the licensing condition on clausal ellipsis and how it relates to the distribution of ellipsis. I argue, essentially following López (2000), that ellipsis is licensed when the ellipsis clause bears a relation to an antecedent in the discourse component. A relation between two discourse units can be established in two ways: (1) Either there holds a direct relation between the two discourse units or (2) there holds an anaphoric relation mediated by a discourse anaphor. In this paper, I show how this two-way distinction in setting up discourse relations accounts for the two-way split we find in the distribution of ellipsis.
Development of Dutch children’s comprehension of subject and object wh-questions
Authors: Strangmann Iris , Slomp Anneke , van Hout Angeliek
Published: November 2014

While Dutch welke ‘which’-questions are structurally ambiguous, number agreement cues can disambiguate them. Despite such agreement cues, children misinterpret object questions as subject questions (Metz et al. 2010, 2012; Schouwenaars et al. 2014). We investigated if adding another cue, specifically, topicality in a discourse context, helps the interpretation of which-questions in two groups of Dutch children (5;5, n = 15 and 8;5, n = 21). Using a referent-selection task, we manipulated number on the verb and postverbal NP to create unambiguous wh-questions. Moreover, the questions were preceded by a discourse which established a topic, relating either to the wh-referent or the postverbal NP referent. Nevertheless, both 5- and 8-year-olds misinterpreted object questions as subject questions, ignoring the number and topicality cues to resolve the (local) ambiguity of which-questions. Our results confirm the effect of a subject-first bias in children’s interpretation of wh-questions. We conclude that topicality, in combination with number agreement, is not strong enough to overrule this subject-first bias.
The four tones of Mandarin Chinese
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen , Sloos Marjoleine
Published: November 2014

In this paper we discuss the four tones of Standard (Beijing) Mandarin Chinese. First, we will suggest a proposal for their phonological representation. Then, we discuss the order in which they are acquired in first language acquisition, relating this both to the representations we propose and to the relative frequency with which these tones appear in the most frequently used Chinese words. It turns out that the former predicts the order of acquisition more closely than the latter: We provide an explanation for this based on the early stage at which the tones are acquired.
Data curation for a VALID Archive of Dutch Language Impairment Data
Authors: van den Heuvel Henk , Sanders Eric , Klatter-Folmer Jetske , van Hout Roeland , Fikkert Paula , Baker Anne , de Jong Jan , Wijnen Frank , Trilsbeek Paul
Published: November 2014

The VALID Data Archive is an open multimedia data archive in which data from children and adults with language and/or communication
problems are brought together. A pilot project, funded by CLARIN-NL, was carried out in which five existing data sets were
curated. This pilot enabled us to build up experience in conserving different kinds of pathological language data in a searchable
and persistent manner. These data sets reflect current research in language pathology rather well, both in the range of designs
and the variety in pathological problems, such as Specific Language Impairment, deafness, dyslexia, and ADHD. In this paper, we
present the VALID initiative, explain the curation process and discuss the materials of the data sets.
More on “Arabic Linguistic Terminology in Pedro de Alcalá”
Authors: Zwartjes Otto
Published: November 2014

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze Spanish linguistic terms and their translations into Arabic in Pedro de Alcalá’s (c.1455–post1505)Vocabulista arauiga en letra castellana, the first printed missionary Spanish–Arabic dictionary, which appeared together with hisArte para ligeramente saber la lengua arauiga(1505). In 1981 William Cowan published a list of Arabic grammatical and linguistic terms in the grammatical treatise (Arte). As will be demonstrated in the present study, Pedro de Alcalá’s dictionary is an even more important source for the study of Arabic linguistic terms as they circulated among ‘the wise alfaquis’ – the informants of Pedro de Alcalá – in Andalusia and Granada after the Conquest of 1492. In general, Pedro de Alcalá follows theVocabulario español-latino(c.1495) composed by Antonio de Nebrija (1441/44–1520), but it is obvious that he added a number of linguistic terms in hisVocabulistanot found in Nebrija’s work. The Arabic terms have a long history and had been developed for the Arabic language. These terms are analyzed in detail. Some of them are obviously erroneous, others are correct, and often the Arabic technical terms do not correspond (entirely) to the Spanish source entries, since technical terms in both languages have been developed for the description of different languages. This paper contributes to the historiography of descriptive linguistics in early modern Spain and particularly highlights which strategies Pedro de Alcalá followed when translating Graeco-Latin concepts into Arabic.
Spanish adaptation of the Antifat Attitudes Scale / Adaptación al castellano de la Escala de Actitud Antiobesos
Authors: Magallares Alejandro , Morales Jose-Francisco
Published: November 2014

Antifat attitudes may be defined as the negative assessment of people with weight problems. To evaluate them, the Antifat Attitudes Scale (AFA) has been used in most studies. The aim of this study is to adapt the AFA questionnaire to the Spanish population. The sample was made up of 1,457 university students from all over Spain. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the items on the questionnaire fit a three-factor model corresponding to the three dimensions proposed by the original author (dislike, fear of fat and willpower) and that they are interrelated. In light of these results, we conclude that the questionnaire is methodologically valid and can be used by the scientific community to measure antifat attitudes.
Sampling Characteristics and Calibration of Snorkel Counts to Estimate Stream Fish Populations
Authors: Weaver Daniel M. , Kwak Thomas J. , Pollock Kenneth H.
Published: November 2014

Snorkeling is a versatile technique for estimating lotic fish population characteristics; however, few investigators have evaluated its accuracy at population or assemblage levels. We evaluated the accuracy of snorkeling using prepositioned areal electrofishing (PAE) for estimating fish populations in a medium-sized Appalachian Mountain river during fall 2008 and summer 2009. Strip-transect snorkel counts were calibrated with PAE counts in identical locations among macrohabitats, fish species or taxa, and seasons. Mean snorkeling efficiency (i.e., the proportion of individuals counted from the true population) among all taxa and seasons was 14.7% (SE, 2.5%), and the highest efficiencies were for River Chub Nocomis micropogon at 21.1% (SE, 5.9%), Central Stoneroller Campostoma anomalum at 20.3% (SE, 9.6%), and darters (Percidae) at 17.1% (SE, 3.7%), whereas efficiencies were lower for shiners (Notropis spp., Cyprinella spp., Luxilus spp.) at 8.2% (SE, 2.2%) and suckers (Catostomidae) at 6.6% (SE, 3.2%). Macrohabitat type, fish taxon, or sampling season did not significantly explain variance in snorkeling efficiency. Mean snorkeling detection probability (i.e., probability of detecting at least one individual of a taxon) among fish taxa and seasons was 58.4% (SE, 6.1%). We applied the efficiencies from our calibration study to adjust snorkel counts from an intensive snorkeling survey conducted in a nearby reach. Total fish density estimates from strip-transect counts adjusted for snorkeling efficiency were 7,288 fish/ha (SE, 1,564) during summer and 15,805 fish/ha (SE, 4,947) during fall. Precision of fish density estimates is influenced by variation in snorkeling efficiency and sample size and may be increased with additional sampling effort. These results demonstrate the sampling properties and utility of snorkeling to characterize lotic fish assemblages with acceptable efficiency and detection probability, less effort, and no mortality, compared with traditional sampling methods.

Received April 29, 2014; accepted July 23, 2014
Salt stress-induced protein pattern associated with photosynthetic parameters and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata Nees
Authors: Talei Daryush , Valdiani Alireza , Maziah Mahmood , Sagineedu Sreenivasa Rao , Abiri Rambod
Published: November 2014

Andrographis paniculata is a multifunctional medicinal plant and a potent source of bioactive compounds. Impact of environmental stresses such as salinity on protein diversification, as well as the consequent changes in the photosynthetic parameters and andrographolide content (AG) of the herb, has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The present study showed that the salinity affects the protein pattern, and subsequently, it decreased the photosynthetic parameters, protein content, total dry weight, and total crude extract. Exceptionally, the AG content was increased (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, it was noticed that the salinity at 12 dS m−1 led to the maximum increase in AG content in all accessions. Interestingly, the leaf protein analysis revealed that the two polymorphic protein bands as low- and medium-sized of 17 and 45 kDa acted as the activator agents for the photosynthetic parameters and AG content. Protein sequencing and proteomic analysis can be conducted based on the present findings in the future.
The role of verbal and pictorial information in multimodal incidental acquisition of foreign language vocabulary
Authors: Bisson Marie-Josée , van Heuven Walter J. B. , Conklin Kathy , Tunney Richard J.
Published: November 2014

This study used eye tracking to investigate the allocation of attention to multimodal stimuli during an incidental learning situation, as well as its impact on subsequent explicit learning. Participants were exposed to foreign language (FL) auditory words on their own, in conjunction with written native language (NL) translations, or with both written NL translations and pictures. Incidental acquisition of FL words was assessed the following day through an explicit learning task where participants learned to recognize translation equivalents, as well as one week later through recall and translation recognition tests. Results showed higher accuracy scores in the explicit learning task for FL words presented with meaning during incidental learning, whether written meaning or both written meaning and picture, than for FL words presented auditorily only. However, participants recalled significantly more FL words after a week delay if they had been presented with a picture during incidental learning. In addition, the time spent looking at the pictures during incidental learning significantly predicted recognition and recall scores one week later. Overall, results demonstrated the impact of exposure to multimodal stimuli on subsequent explicit learning, as well as the important role that pictorial information can play in incidental vocabulary acquisition.
Resistance to instructed reversal of the learned predictiveness effect
Authors: Don Hilary J. , Livesey Evan J.
Published: November 2014

The learned predictiveness effect is a widely observed bias towards previously predictive cues in novel situations. Although the effect is generally attributed to an automatic attentional shift, it has recently been explained as the product of controlled inferences about the predictive value of cues. This view is supported by the susceptibility of learned predictiveness to instruction manipulation. However, recent research has shown conflicting results. Three experiments investigated the parameters of the instructed reversal effect in a human causal learning task, to determine the relative contribution of automatic and controlled attention processes. Experiment 1 showed that reversal instructions abolished, but did not reverse, the learned predictiveness effect, although length of initial training had no effect on the extent to which predictive cues subsequently captured attention. Experiment 2 explored whether particular causal scenarios lend themselves more readily to instructed reversal, but still failed to establish a significant reversal effect. Experiment 3 demonstrated a significant reversal effect when nonpredictive cues were explicitly and individually identified as the causes of outcomes. However, this effect was considerably weaker than the learned predictiveness effect when predictive cues were identified in the same way. Taken together, the results are inconsistent with a purely controlled account of learned predictiveness and provide support for dual-process theories of learning and attention.