bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabetic foot ulcer management in a multidisciplinary foot centre: one-year healing, amputation and mortality rate
Authors: Ha Van Georges , Amouyal Chloe , Bourron Olivier , Aubert Carole , Carlier Aurelie , Mosbah Helene , Fourniols Eric , Cluzel Philippe , Couture Thibault , Hartemann Agnes
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To describe the rates of healing, major amputation and mortality after 12 months in patients with a new diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and their care in a French diabetic foot service (DFS).

Method:

A prospective single-centre study including patients from March 2009 to December 2010. The length of time to healing, minor amputation, major amputation and mortality rate after inclusion were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results:

Some 347 patients were included (3% lost to follow-up), with a median follow-up (IQR) of 19 (12–24) months. The mean (SD) age was 65±12 years, 68% were male, and the median duration of the ulcer was 49 (19–120) days. Complications of the DFU were ischaemia (70%), infection (55%) and osteomyelitis (47%). Of the patients, 50% were inpatients in the DFS at inclusion (median duration of hospitalisation 26 (15–41) days). The rate of healing at one year was 67% (95% confidence interval (CI): 61–72); of major amputation 10% (95% CI: 7–17); of minor amputation 19% (95% CI: 14–25), and the death rate was 9% (95% CI: 7–13). Using an adjusted hazard ratio, the predictive factors of healing were perfusion and the area of the wound. The risk factors for a major amputation were active smoking and osteomyelitis. The risk factors for mortality were perfusion and age.

Conclusion:

This study confirms the need to treat DFUs rapidly, in a multidisciplinary DFS.
Clinical evaluation with long-term follow-up of patients with pressure ulcers in one Swedish county
Authors: Öien Rut Frank , Wickström Hanna , Åkesson Nina , Selan Suzana , Söderlundh Linda
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To conduct a screening, skin examination and risk assessment of patients with pressure ulcers (PUs) in one Swedish county (inpatient, primary and community care) with follow-up after six months to investigate ulcer healing, frequency of amputation and mortality rate linked to preventive measures.

Method:

The methodology recommended by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel was used. Screening, risk assessment and skin examination were performed during March 2017. The modified Norton scale was used to assess PU risk, with a score of ≤20 indicating presence of risk. A research questionnaire was used to document prevention and treatment. Follow-up was performed after six months, during September 2017. The same research questionnaire was used to capture the current situation of the patients, including ulcer healing, frequency of amputation, and mortality rate.

Results:

Screening covered 464 patients: 303 hospitalised, 68 in community care, and 93 in primary care. A total of 110 patients—55 at risk of PU and 55 with PUs, the majority of which were category 2–4 PUs—were included in the study. At follow-up, 67% were treated in community care, 32% in primary care, and 1% in hospital. Mortality rate for patients with PUs was 44%. Of the remaining 31 patients, 17 had unhealed PUs, 10 had healed PUs, two had undergone amputation, and complete follow-up data was missing in the remaining two patients.

Conclusion:

These results reflect the complex situation of an aged and frail patient group, including a lack of preventive measures and follow-up routines in community and primary care.
Pain and analgaesics in patients with hard-to-heal ulcers: using telemedicine or standard consultations
Authors: Wickström Hanna , Öien Rut F , Midlöv Patrik , Anderberg Peter , Fagerström Cecilia
Published: August 2020

Objective:

To compare consultations carried out via video with those performed in person for patients with painful, hard-to-heal ulcers, with a focus on ulcer pain and pain treatment. A further aim was to investigate predictors for pain and pain treatment.

Method:

This was a register-based, quasi-experimental study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Ulcer Treatment (RUT). A total of 100 patients with hard-to-heal ulcers diagnosed via video consultation were compared with 1888 patients diagnosed in person with regard to pain assessment, intensity and treatment. Ulcer pain intensity was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Normally distributed variables (age, VAS) were compared between consultation groups using Student's t-test. Non-normally distributed variables (ulcer size, ulcer duration) were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test, except for healing time, which was analysed with a log-rank test. Categorical variables (gender, ulcer aetiology and prescribed analgesics) were compared using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Predictors for pain and pain treatment were analysed in multiple regression analyses.

Results:

The results showed a high presence of pain; 71% of patients with pain reported severe ulcer pain. There was no significant difference in ability to assess pain by VAS in the group diagnosed via video consultation (90%) compared with the group diagnosed in person (86%) (χ2, p=0.233). A significantly higher amount of prescribed analgesics was found for patients diagnosed via video (84%) compared with patients diagnosed by in-person assessment (68%) (χ2, p=0.044). Predictors for high-intensity pain were female gender or ulcers due to inflammatory vessel disease, while the predictors for receiving analgesics were older age, longer healing time and being diagnosed via video consultation.

Conclusion:

To identify, assess and treat ulcer pain is equally possible via video as by in-person consultation. The results of this study confirm that patients with hard-to-heal ulcers suffer from high-intensity ulcer pain, with a discrepancy between pain and pain relief. Further well-designed randomised controlled studies are necessary to understand how best to deploy telemedicine in ulcer pain treatment.
Point of care ultrasound imaging as a wound assessment tool in diabetic foot ulcers: a case series
Authors: Henshaw Frances R , Reid Ian B , Spencer Anna M , Turner Deborah E
Published: August 2020

Foot ulceration is a common and devastating complication of diabetes. Traditionally, diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are managed by multidisciplinary teams in tertiary hospital settings. Wound management decisions are based largely on visual observations at the point of care, using rudimentary evaluation of superficial tissues, such as wound tracings and photography combined with expert knowledge of the treating practitioners. Imaging based methods of assessment, such as X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy or computed tomography are able to more comprehensively categorise wounds and to determine whether re-epithelialised wounds are in fact healed. Ultrasound has been advocated by the World Health Organization for the monitoring of chronic diseases and for screening because it is considered low risk, comfortable for patients and low cost. It can be performed in real time at the point of care and using B-mode, Doppler and elastography has the potential to provide clinically meaningful information for monitoring the status of hard-to-heal wounds, but to date this imaging technique has not been exploited in this field. This case series highlights the utility of diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound as an adjunct to traditional wound assessment that can provide diagnostically meaningful information to assist in clinical decision making. Future research will be needed to determine if routine incorporation of ultrasound in wound assessment improves patient outcomes.
Relations between classes of potentially stable sign patterns
Authors: Berliner Adam , Olesky Dale D. , Van den Driessche Pauline
Published: August 2020

Two subsets of the potentially stable sign patterns of order $n$ have recently been defined, namely, those that allow sets of (refined) inertias $\mathbb{S}_n$ and $\mathbb{H}_n$. For $n=2$ and $n=3$, it is proved that a sign pattern is potentially stable if and only if it is sign stable, allows $\mathbb{S}_n$, or allows $\mathbb{H}_n$. This result is also true for sign patterns of order $4$ with associated graph that is a tree, remains open for non-tree potentially stable sign patterns of order $4$, and is false for potentially stable sign patterns of orders greater than or equal to $5$.
Pilot-Scale Investigation of Phosphorus Removal from Swine Manure by the MAnure PHosphorus EXtraction (MAPHEX) System
Authors: Church Clinton D. , Fishel Sarah K. , Reiner Michael R. , Kleinman Peter J.A. , Hristov Alexander N. , Bryant Ray B.
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Swine manure contains nutrients and organic material that is beneficial to crops.

Farmers are under increasing pressure and regulation to not apply high phosphorus manure to soils.

The MAPHEX System removed greater than 96% of the phosphorus in swine manures.

Both capital equipment and treatment costs were lower for swine manure than dairy manure.

Abstract
. Swine manure is typically in slurry form and contains nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and organic material that is beneficial to crops. Unfortunately, for economic and logistical reasons, manure tends to be applied to soils near where it is produced and P concentrations increase to the point that they are often in excess of crop demands. With the implication that runoff of excess P contributes to eutrophication of streams and other water bodies, farmers are experiencing increasing pressures and regulation to not apply manure to those soils. We previously reported on an invention capable of removing P from dairy manures. This pilot-scale study shows that the MAPHEX System can remove greater than 96% of the phosphorus in swine manures, and strongly suggests that, once scaled up, the essentially P free effluent could be beneficially used for fertigation without further loading the receiving soils with P. This scaling up has the potential to reduce storage volumes to allow for mitigation of overflow problems during large storms. Furthermore, this study suggests that capital equipment costs and treatment costs for swine manure would be lower than for treating dairy manure. Keywords: Chemical treatment, Manure, Phosphorus, Solid separation, Swine, Treatment systems.
Investigation of System Design Criteria and the Capital Cost of Varying Design Return Periods for Soil and Water Conservation Structures
Authors: Otim Daniel , Smithers Jeffrey Colin , Senzanje Aidan , van Antwerpen Rianto
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Very few sediment yield events contribute to annual sediment yield.

Any rainfall, runoff, and peak discharge event has the potential to generate the most extreme sediment yield event.

Twenty year return period recommended for design of conservation structures.

Abstract
. Design of conservation structures includes both hydrologic and hydraulic designs. Hydrologic design involves estimation of design floods which are required for the sizing of the hydraulic structures. The minimum recommended return period for the design of conservation structures is 10 years but due to the projected levels of risk, and the fact that a few large events are likely to be responsible for the majority of the erosion, the 10-year return period currently recommended may be inadequate. This study investigated system design criteria and the capital cost of varying design return periods for soil and water conservation structures in the sugar industry of South Africa. Observed rainfall data and results of runoff, peak discharge and sediment yield simulated using the Agricultural Catchments Research Unit (ACRU) model were utilized in this study. Relationships between extreme events of sediment yield and the rainfall, runoff and peak discharge events associated with them were analyzed and the capital cost of varying design return periods was also investigated. The results showed that only 0.2% of sediment yield events contributed up to 95% of the annual sediment yield simulated in the sugar production areas in South Africa and that any event of rainfall, runoff and peak discharge had the potential to generate an extreme sediment yield event provided the soil surface was not adequately protected. Based on a sustainable soil loss of 5 t ha-1, the 20-year return period was recommended for the design of soil and water conservation structures. Furthermore, the capital cost implication of varying design return periods from the minimum 10-year return period ranged from an increase of 16% to 35% across the sugar industry. Therefore, given that soil erosion is associated with adverse effects on sustainable crop production and also increases in costs of replanting destroyed crops, the 20-year return period is recommended for the design of soil and water conservation structures in the sugar industry in South Africa. Keywords: Capital cost, Design criteria, Erosion, Return perioW, Risk, Soil and water conservation.
Hyperspectral Imaging for Tomato Bruising Damage Assessment of Simulated Harvesting Process Impact Using Wavelength Interval Selection and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Cui Jinshi , Yang Myongkyoon , Son Daesik , Cho Seong-In , Kim Ghiseok
Published: August 2020

Highlights

The hidden internal damage of falling impact on tomatoes will reduce the quality of products.

Hyperspectral imaging and VIS/NIR spectrum analysis, including wavelength selection and classification model construction, have the possibility as a non-destructive and fast method to predict the effect of drop impact grades on tomato bruising damage.

Abstract
. Mechanical damage usually causes hidden internal damage to tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which can reduce the product quality and can cause economic losses to farmers. The visible and near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectra of tomato fruits were analyzed by using the wavelength selection algorithm (the combination of ant colony optimization and variable importance in projection), and the influence of impact grades of simulated transport on tomato fruit bruising was evaluated. A VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging system was developed to capture hyperspectral images of tomatoes from 392–1034 nm spectral region and the part used in actual data analysis was 442-984 nm. Multivariate analysis classifier models (partial least squares discrimination analysis and ANN) were set up based on the original spectral dataset. On the basis of selected wavelength intervals, multivariate analysis classifier models were re-established. The overall classification accuracies of all models in the validation set are good, ranging from 64.29% to 100%. Especially in the two types of classification (bruising and normal), the range of correct accuracy is 89.29% to 100%, which shows very high predicted performance. The prediction performance of the model based on the selected wavelengths decreases slightly, but the prediction time is shortened by more than 70%. The results demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging and VIS/NIR spectrum analysis, including wavelength selection and classification model construction, have the possibility as a non-destructive and fast method to predict the effect of drop impact grades on tomato bruising damage. Keywords: ANN, Ant colony optimization (ACO), Partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), Variable importance in projection (VIP), VIS/NIR hyperspectral imaging system, wavelength interval selection.
Forty Years of Increasing Cotton’s Water Productivity and Why the Trend Will Continue
Authors: Barnes Edward M , Campbell B. Todd , Vellidis George , Porter Wesley , Payero Jose , Leib Brian , Sui Ruixiu , Fisher Daniel K. , Anapalli Saseendran , Colaizzi Paul , Bordovsky James , Porter Dana , Ale Srinivasulu , Mahan James , Taghvaeian Saleh , Thorp Kelly
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Over the last 40 years the amount of irrigation water used by cotton in the United States has decreased while yields have increased leading to a large increase in crop water productivity (CWP).

Many factors have contributed to improved CWP, such as improvements in water delivery systems.

Irrigation scheduling technologies have also contributed to improved CWP; however, farmer adoption of advanced scheduling technologies is still limited and there is significant room for improvement.

Increased yields from improved cultivars without an increase in water requirements has also been important for CWP.

Continued developments in sensor technologies and improved crop simulation models are two examples of future strategies that should allow the U.S. cotton industry to continue an upward trend in CWP.

Abstract.
Over the last 40 years the amount of irrigation water used by cotton in the United States has decreased while yields have increased. Factors contributing to higher water productivity and decreased irrigation water use include migration of cotton out of the far western U.S. states to the east where more water requirements are met by rainfall; improved irrigation delivery systems with considerable variation in types and adoption rates across the U.S.; improved irrigation scheduling tools; improved genetics and knowledge of cotton physiology, and improved crop models that can help evaluate new irrigation strategies rapidly and inexpensively. The considerable progress over the last 40 years along with the promise of emerging technologies suggest that this progress will continue. Keywords: Cotton, Crop water productivity, Irrigation, Sustainability, Water use efficiency.
Within-Field Variability in Granular Matrix Sensor Data and its Implications for Irrigation Scheduling
Authors: Lo Tsz Him , Pringle H C , Rudnick Daran R , Bai Geng , Krutz L Jason , Gholson Drew M , Qiao Xin
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Within-field variability was larger for individual depths than for the profile average across multiple depths.

Distributions of the profile average were approximately normal, with increasing variances as the soil was drying.

Probability theory was applied to quantify the effect of sensor set number on irrigation scheduling.

The benefit of additional sensors sets may decrease for longer irrigation cycles and for more heterogeneous fields.

Abstract.
Even when located within the same field, multiple units of the same soil moisture sensor rarely report identical values. Such within-field variability in soil moisture sensor data is caused by natural and manmade spatial heterogeneity and by inconsistencies in sensor construction and installation. To better describe this variability, daily soil water tension values from 14 to 23 sets of granular matrix sensors during the middle part of four soybean site-years in the Mississippi Delta were analyzed. The soil water tension data were found to follow approximately normal distributions, to exhibit moderately high temporal rank stability, and to show strong positive correlation between mean and variance. Based on these observations and the existing literature, a probabilistic conceptual framework was proposed for interpreting within-field variability in granular matrix sensor data. This framework was then applied to investigate the impact of sensor set number (i.e., number of replicates) and irrigation triggering threshold on the scheduling of single-day and multi-day irrigation cycles. If a producer’s primary goal of irrigation scheduling is to keep soil water adequate in a particular fraction of land on average, the potential benefit from increasing sensor set number may be smaller than traditionally expected. Improvement, expansion, and validation of this probabilistic framework are welcomed for developing a practical and robust approach to selecting the sensor set number and the irrigation triggering threshold for diverse soil moisture sensor types in diverse contexts. Keywords: Irrigation scheduling, Probability, Sensors, Soil moisture, Soil water tension, Variability, Watermark.
A Decade of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Irrigated Agriculture in the Western U.S.
Authors: Chávez José Luis , Torres-Rua Alfonso F , Woldt Wayne E. , Zhang Huihui , Robertson Christopher C , Marek Gary W , Wang Dong , Heeren Derek M. , Taghvaeian Saleh , Neale Christopher M.U.
Published: August 2020

Highlights

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are able to provide data for precision irrigation management.

Improvements are needed regarding UAS platforms, sensors, processing software, and regulations.

Integration of multi-scale imagery into scientific irrigation scheduling tools are needed for technology adoption.

Abstract
. Several research institutes, laboratories, academic programs, and service companies around the United States have been developing programs to utilize small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) as an instrument to improve the efficiency of in-field water and agronomical management. This article describes a decade of efforts on research and development efforts focused on UAS technologies and methodologies developed for irrigation management, including the evolution of aircraft and sensors in contrast to data from satellites. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations for UAS operation in agriculture have been synthesized along with proposed modifications to enhance UAS contributions to irrigated agriculture. Although it is feasible to use sUAS technology to produce maps of actual crop coefficients, actual crop evapotranspiration, and soil water deficits, for irrigation management, the technology and regulations need to evolve further to facilitate a successful wide adoption and application. Improvements and standards are needed in terms of cameras’ spectral (bands) ranges, radiometric resolutions and associated calibrations, fuel/power technology for longer missions, better imagery processing software, and easier FAA approval of higher altitudes flight missions among other issues. Furthermore, the sUAS technology would play a larger role in irrigated agriculture when integrating multi-scale data (sUAS, ground-based or proximal, satellite) and soil water sensors is addressed, including the need for advances on processing large amounts of data from multiple and different sources, and integration into scientific irrigation scheduling (SIS) systems for convenience of decision making. Desirable technological innovations, and features of the next generation of UAS platforms, sensors, software, and methods for irrigated agriculture, are discussed. Keywords: Agricultural water management, Irrigation prescription mapping, Irrigation scheduling, Precision irrigation, Remote sensing, Sensors, Spatial crop evaOotranspiration, Unmanned aerial systems.
Severe Clostridium difficile colitis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19
Authors: Páramo-Zunzunegui J , Ortega-Fernández I , Calvo-Espino P , Diego-Hernández C , Ariza-Ibarra I , Otazu-Canals L , Danés-Grases JE , Menchero-Sánchez A
Published: August 2020

Spain has been one of the most affected countries by the COVID-19 outbreak. After the high impact of the pandemic, a wide clinical spectrum of late complications associated with COVID-19 are being observed. We report a case of a severe Clostridium difficile colitis in a post-treatment and recovered COVID-19 patient. A 64-year-woman with a one-month hospital admission for severe bilateral pneumonia associated with COVID-19 and 10 days after discharge presented with diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Severe C. difficile-associated colitis is diagnosed according to clinical features and CT findings. An urgent pancolectomy was performed due to her bad response to conservative treatment. Later evolution slowly improved to recovery.

C. difficile-associated colitis is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. Significant patient-related risk factors for C. difficile infection are antibiotic exposure, older age, and hospitalisation. Initial therapeutic recommendations in our country included administration broad-spectrum antibiotics to all patients with bilateral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2. These antibiotics are strongly associated with C. difficile infection. Our patient developed a serious complication of C. difficile due to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

The appearance of late digestive symptoms in patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 should alert clinicians to the possibility of C. difficile infection. The updated criteria for severe colitis and severe C. difficile infection should be considered to ensure an early effective treatment for the complication.
A compact and polarization-insensitive silicon waveguide crossing based on subwavelength grating MMI couplers
Authors: Wu Sailong , Mao Simei , Zhou Lidan , Liu Lin , Chen Yujie , Mu Xin , Cheng Lirong , Chen Zhenmin , Tu Xin , Fu H. Y.
Published: August 2020

In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a compact and low polarization-dependent silicon waveguide crossing based on subwavelength grating multimode interference couplers. The subwavelength grating structure decreases the effective refractive index difference and shrinks the device footprint. Our designed device is fabricated on the 220-nm SOI platform and performs well. The measured crossing is characterized with low insertion loss (< 1 dB), low polarization-dependence loss (< 0.6 dB), and low crosstalk (< -35 dB) for both TE and TM polarizations with a compact footprint of 12.5 μm × 12.5 μm.
Orthogonal long-period fiber grating for directly exciting the orbital angular momentum
Authors: Liu Zhao , Zhu Guoxuan , Li Yali , Yu Jian , Bai Zhiyong , Liu Shen , He Jun , Wang Yiping
Published: August 2020

An orthogonal long-period fiber grating (OLPFG) is proposed and demonstrated for directly exciting the orbital angular momentum (OAM), without the need for other devices. This grating was produced using CO2 laser exposure in the orthogonal direction. A helical phase was then optically induced in the OLPFG, with a chirality determined by the structure of the OLPFG. In this study, ±1-order OAM resonances were respectively observed in OLPFGs with a different orthogonal direction. The conversion efficiency of OAM mode in this process was 99%, and the purity was higher than 98%. In addition, incident light in any polarization state was observed to excite OAM with the same polarization.
Extraordinary spin-orbit interaction in the plasmonic lens with negative index material
Authors: Li Ling , Zhou Zhangyu , Min Changjun , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: August 2020

Spin-orbit interactions are inherent in many basic optical processes in anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials, under tight focusing or strong scattering, and have attracted enormous attention and research efforts. Since the spin-orbit interactions depend on the materials where they occur, the study of the effects of materials on the spin-orbit interactions could play an important role in understanding and utilizing many novel optical phenomena. Here, we investigate the effect of negative-index material on the spin-orbit interactions in a plasmonic lens structure in the form of a circular slot in silver film. Numerical simulations are employed to study the influence of the negative-index material on the plasmonic vortex formation and the plasmonic focusing in the structure under circularly polarized excitations bearing different orbital angular momentum. We reveal that the presence of negative-index material leaves the plasmonic vortex field distribution and the corresponding topological charge unaltered during the spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion, whereas reverses the rotation direction of in-plane energy flux of the plasmonic vortex and shifts the surface plasmon polariton focus position to the opposite direction compared to the case without negative-index material. This work will help further the understanding of the regulation of optical spin-orbital interactions by material properties and design optical devices with novel functions.
High-accuracy calibration of cameras without depth of field and target size limitations
Authors: Yan Feng , Liu Zhen , Pan Xiao , Shen Yuan
Published: August 2020

During camera calibration, targets need to be placed in the depth of field of the lens to ensure clear imaging, and they should take up proper proportions in the image. These requirements cause difficulty in many calibration scenarios, such as those involving large-field-of-view, shallow-depth-of-field, or online operation cameras. In view of the above-mentioned problems, this study proposes a high-accuracy camera calibration method, which can overcome the influence of image blur and noise and is not limited by depth of field and target size. First, a high-accuracy light-spot small target is placed closely in front of the camera, so that the target image can take up a large proportion in the whole image. In case of defocus blur, the adaptive multi-scale method is used to extract feature point coordinates at first to ensure accuracy, and the location variance of each feature point is estimated concurrently. Finally, the high-accuracy intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera under test are obtained by nonlinear optimization where re-projection errors are normalized by location variances according to the Gauss-Markov theorem. Simulation and physical experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Ultrafast electron and proton bunches correlation in laser–solid matter experiments
Authors: Bisesto F. G. , Galletti M. , Anania M. P. , Costa G. , Ferrario M. , Pompili R. , Poyé A. , Consoli F. , Salvadori M. , Cipriani M. , Verona C. , Zigler A.
Published: August 2020

The interaction of an ultra-intense laser with a solid state target allows the production of multi-MeV proton and ion beams. This process is explained by the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) model, predicting the creation of an electric field on the target rear side, due to an unbalanced positive charge. This process is related to the emission of relativistic ultrafast electrons, occurring at an earlier time. In this work, we highlight the correlations between the ultrafast electron component and the protons by their simultaneous detection by means of an electro-optical sampling and a time-of-flight diagnostics, respectively, supported by numerical simulations showing an excellent agreement.
A Fourier processor for partially coherent fields
Authors: Wadood S. A. , Nussbaum B. E. , Visser T. D. , Brown T. G. , Agrawal G. P. , Vamivakas A. N.
Published: August 2020

We extend conventional coherent Fourier processing techniques to a partially coherent field and modify its spatial coherence using a 4f system. The coherence is measured by a modified Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Our results corroborate the predictions in [Opt. Lett. 42, 4600 (2017)10.1364/OL.42.004600] and can be extended to a more sophisticated processing of spatial coherence.
COVID-19 and Informal Settlements - Implications for Water, Sanitation and Health in India and Indonesia
Authors: parikh priti , Bou Karim Yasmin , Paulose Jacob , Factor-Litvak Professor Pam , Nix Dr. Emily , Nur Aisyah Dr. Dewi , Chaturvedi Hemant , Manikam Dr. Logan , Lakhanpaul Professor Monica
Published: August 2020

Informal settlements are home to over one billion people worldwide and are characterised by high population densities and poor environmental conditions. The authors identify the impact of COVID-19 on existing water and sanitation practices and potential pathways for transmission of COVID-19 in informal settlements in India and Indonesia. In the short term, there is an urgent need for mobile hand washing, washing/bathing facilities and toilets. In the long term, COVID-19 provides an opportunity to invest in centralised water and sanitation networked solutions appropriated for high-density settings to integrate those settlements into the city, improve environmental conditions and health in cities.
Dise˜no Conceptual de una Planta de Extracci´on de Saponinas Presentes en el Jugo de Fique
Authors: Vélez Salazar Yesid Hernán , Velásquez Flórez Mario Alonso
Published: August 2020

Contexto: Las saponinas corresponden a un grupo de mol´eculas con aplicabilidad industrial, especialmente para el sector alimenticio como estabilizante de espuma en bebidas gaseosas. En el per´ıodo comprendido entre el 2013 y 2017, su mercado increment´o aproximadamente un 50 %, convirti´endose en un sector econ´omico importante que ha promovido un marcado inter´es en la optimizaci´on de diversos procesos de extracci´on desde diferentes fuentes naturales.

M´etodo: Se realiz´o una revisi´on bibliogr´afica evaluando aplicabilidad, extracci´on y aspectos econ´omicos de las saponinas a nivel mundial. Se realiz´o el dise˜no conceptual de una planta piloto para la extracci´on de saponinas de jugo de fique con base en los resultados obtenidos del an´alisis de una matriz de decisi´on.

Resultados: Una alternativa viable para extraer saponinas de jugo de fique es la floculaci´on, cuyas ventajas radican en su simplicidad tecnol´ogica, bajo consumo energ´etico, aplicabilidad directa a la matriz de inter´es y uso de solventes como agua y etanol.

Conclusiones: Al utilizar como floculante el policloruro de aluminio (PAC), debido a su capacidad de remover materia org´anica y a su selectividad, se favorece la recuperaci´on de las saponinas en el clarificado. En el dise˜no conceptual, se presenta una planta piloto con una capacidad de 67.462 L/h y una eficiencia de 87,45 %.
“La reforma agraria no es una necesidad del socialismo, es un principio básico del capitalismo”. Entrevista a Andrés París, miembro de las FARC
Authors: Antolinez Johan , Wilches Jaime
Published: August 2020

El acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno Santos y las Farc es una realidad. ¿Estamos preparados para este momento histórico?, ¿toleramos que las voces de la insurgencia participen en la arena política?, ¿podremos convivir con la resistencia de fuerzas de derecha a cualquier posibilidad de salida política al conflicto armado? En diálogo con Jesús Camilo (Andrés París), integrante del secretariado de las Farc y de la mesa de negociación en La Habana, se plantean estas inquietudes y se visualizan los escenarios a los que están comprometidos, no solo las partes que firmaron el acuerdo, sino los sectores sociales que tendrán que convivir con una nueva realidad política, pero con implicaciones económicas y sociales.
Memoria histórica en Colombia: subjetividades y recomposición del tejido social a través de la narración
Authors: Tovar Florez Miguel Angel , Vanegas Niño Luz Karime
Published: August 2020

En el marco del proceso de paz en Colombia, el esclarecimiento de los hechos sucedidos durante el conflicto propician procesos de reconstrucción de la memoria histórica con las voces de las víctimas que “contribuyen a la reparación integral, a las garantías de no repetición y a la construcción de una paz sostenible.[1]”. Este proyecto busca reflexionar cómo a través del relato se entretejen modos de reconstruir subjetividades y evitar “el desfallecimiento de la memoria”[2]. El relato no se constituye únicamente por medio de la oralidad, sino que recurre a diferentes objetos y espacios que son un puente entre las subjetividades y el reconocimiento de las víctimas del conflicto.

[1] Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, 2014, p. 21.

[2] Arfuch, 2010.
Organizaciones comunitarias de Medellín: red para la construcción de paz a finales de los años 90 y 2015
Authors: Torres Madroñero Esperanza Milena , Botero Botero María Alejandra
Published: August 2020

Este artículo parte del entendimiento de la red social como una apuesta epistemológica y teórica que invita a la reflexión sobre las subjetividades en relacionamiento como potenciadoras de hermanamientos. En concreto, se realiza un acercamiento a la Red de Organizaciones Comunitarias de Medellín, una articulación que emerge en el contexto de la globalización económica e instalación de diversas violencias en el nivel urbano. Esta red se configura como un poder contrahegemónico y práctica emancipatoria desde la formación de sujetos políticos-críticos, movilización y comunicación alternativa, en el marco de la lucha por la vida digna como principio y consigna de actuación. Dicho abordaje parte de la teoría de las redes sociales, la teoría política y la sistematización de experiencias.
Cartografiando la realidad comunitaria: un acercamiento a las voces de la comunidad La Fortaleza
Authors: García Vergara Cristhian Adrian , Rincón Villamizar Nydia María
Published: August 2020

El escrito plantea los avances de la investigación titulada: “La ciudadanía: un abordaje desde las representaciones sociales de los habitantes de la comunidad la fortaleza, en Cúcuta” reconociendo el contexto social donde emergen las representaciones sociales de los habitantes comunitarios a través del desarrollo de la Cartografía Social. La metodología es de tipo Cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico que posibilitó el reconocimiento de los actores comunitarios, institucionales como ausentes, las problemáticas sociales y estructurales y los hechos referenciales que caracteriza a la comunidad la Fortaleza y las implicaciones a nivel social, familiar y comunitario.
Reflexiones para el diálogo: comentarios al libro “La Colombia del posacuerdo: retos de un país excluido por el conflicto armado”
Authors: Gaviria Betancur Paula
Published: August 2020

En el marco del lanzamiento libro: La Colombia del posacuerdo: retos de un país excluido por el conflicto armado, en agosto de este año, compartí unos breves comentarios sobre el mismo y sobre por qué considero que la apuesta colectiva, el programa de investigación de que hace parte este libro es muy buena noticia para el país. Lo primero que pude constatar es que el libro cumple con el objetivo de los editores de ofrecer miradas multidimensionales sobre un modelo de sociedad posible tras la firma del Acuerdo Final entre el gobierno y las FARC-EP; sobre la manera en que asumimos el reto de construir la paz y de tramitar pacíficamente los conflictos connaturales a cualquier sociedad.
Reclutamiento forzado: una cara del juvenicidio en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Paola Andrea
Published: August 2020

El reclutamiento forzado en Colombia, como hecho social que afecta a amplios sectores de la juventud cumple varias condiciones enmarcadas dentro de la categoría del juvenicidio. El artículo plantea varias reflexiones a partir de las voces de cuatro jóvenes víctimas de este hecho, quienes con sus testimonios reflejan la relación persistente entre desigualdad social, vulnerabilidad y pobreza, como factores que anteceden a esta forma de victimización en el marco del conflicto armado. Por último, identifica distintos aspectos de la vida armada que sirven de escenario para el juvenicidio de un particular fragmento de esta población: jóvenes pobres, excluidos socialmente y sin recursos para construir proyectos de vida alternos a la violencia.
La Cátedra para la Paz y el Pos-Acuerdo en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Blanco García Jorge Enrique , Castillo Godoy Henry Alexander , Aguirre Romero Solangel , Patiño Abella Johana Alexandra
Published: August 2020

La Ley 1732 del 2014 y el Decreto 1038 de 2015 reglamentan la Cátedra para la Paz en todos los establecimientos de educación primaria y secundaria de Colombia. Considerando la importancia de este tema para la sociedad colombiana en la actualidad, en este artículo se analiza el discurso estudiantil sobre la Educación para la Paz desde una perspectiva hermenéutica, con el fin de presentar un diagnóstico sobre la implementación de dicha Cátedra. Para ello, se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad en cinco instituciones públicas de educación secundaria ubicadas en la ciudad de Bogotá.
Más allá del escenario de la protesta social: los derechos humanos desde una perspectiva estudiantil
Authors: Díaz Gamba Wilson , Torres Melo Angely Katherine
Published: August 2020

Una persona antes de ser mujer u hombre, ingeniera(o), licenciada(o) o administrador(a), es un ser humano. Dicha condición no es una característica innata, sino una que requiere confirmación por medio de la interacción y la comunión con los demás, lo que establece que la humanidad tiene un componente natural y otro artificial (Savater, 2002). El primero alude al proceso biológico con el que nacen las personas, mientras que el segundo es el que se da en la formación e interacción dentro de la sociedad.
Cuerpos políticos y políticas de la memoria, el caso del memorial a las víctimas en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Authors: Aldana Bautista Alexander
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se presenta el proyecto artístico-pedagógico Rostros, rastros y trazos, que se viene desarrollando en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. El proyecto es una iniciativa de construcción de memorias en torno a los estudiantes, egresados, docentes y funcionarios que fueron víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia y que son reconocidas por la Universidad como sujetos políticos que agenciaron, desde diferentes perspectivas, horizontes de futuro posible. Este proyecto hizo parte del laboratorio de iniciativas del Eje de Paz con Justicia y Democracia y se inscribe dentro del actual Plan de Desarrollo Institucional 2014-2019, Una universidad comprometida con la formación de maestros para una Colombia en paz. En este texto se entiende que la construcción visual de las víctimas es un modo de aparición en el que se configuran unos cuerpos políticos que no solo dan cuenta de la ausencia, sino que están articulados a los repertorios ético-políticos en los que tienen lugar las exigencias de verdad y justicia que demandan sus familiares.
Los muros plásticos del hospital mental. Una historia visual de la locura en la modernidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Avendaño Jairo
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la producción de sentido estético e histórico de la locura en Colombia, a través de la serie de murales del Hospital Mental de Antioquia, pintados por Herrera en 1982, donde se plasman conjuntos y temas relacionados con la iconografía clásica del alienismo europeo, el mito del primitivismo y degeneración de la raza, cientificidad y terapéuticas, delirios y alucinaciones, alteración nerviosa de la vida moderna y neurosis colectiva, criminalización del loco, fisionomía femenina de la locura, liberación de cadenas y ascenso del alma
El Diablo, la paz y la guerra están en el territorio y en la cabeza: trastornos mentales y procesos espirituales en los Nasa Wesx del sur del Tolima
Authors: Ospina Enciso Andrés Felipe
Published: August 2020

La comunidad indígena Nasa Wesx adelantó un acuerdo de paz con la guerrilla de las FARC que determinó su salida del círculo de guerra y confrontación que ha afectado a las poblaciones del sur del Tolima colombiano. Además, ha usado diferentes recursos para mantener su autonomía territorial y protegerse de un conflicto vigente en los márgenes de su territorio tradicional. Entre las amenazas que más preocupan a los pobladores están las apariciones de espíritus, entendidas como manifestaciones del mal y posesiones espirituales que arriesgan el equilibrio social. Estas son confrontadas mediante operaciones rituales de la religiosidad evangélica -confesión mayoritaria entre la comunidad indígena- que resuelven los conflictos mentales como si fuesen asuntos de fe. Este escrito argumenta que tales conflictos, así como los sociales, desde la perspectiva de los Nasa Wesx son un mismo problema con una única terapia: la participación colectiva en el mal individual. Al ser la religión una práctica gregaria, hace de remedio para resolver tanto los males de la mente como el desequilibrio social.
Understanding congressional coalitions: A discourse network analysis of congressional hearings for the Every Student Succeeds Act
Authors: Wang Yinying
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate policy coalitions of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) at U.S. congressional hearings. This study is grounded in the advocacy coalition framework, which argues that advocacy coalitions are forged by policy actors who have similar policy preferences. To identify the coalitions, according to the policy claims articulated by policy actors, discourse network analysis was performed to examine 30 testimonies in the congressional hearings on ESSA since its passage in 2015. The policy actors fall into eight categories: (1) federal administrative and executive offices, (2) state administrative and executive offices, (3) teachers unions, (4) interest groups, (5) superintendents, (6) teacher, (7) education professor, and (8) Congress members. The results of discourse network analysis suggest four coalitions based on the actors’ policy claims on (1) equity, (2) assessment and accountability, (3) states have changed/passed legislation to align the state accountability systems with ESSA goals, and (4) the U.S. Department of Education’s state plan approval was inconsistent with the ESSA statutory provisions. The findings provide timely insights into the ongoing process of ESSA implementation at the federal, state, and local levels.
Public policy networks and the implementation of the Bolsa-Família Program: An analysis based on the monitoring of school attendance
Authors: Oliveira Breynner Ricardo , Daroit Doriana
Published: August 2020

The paper analyzes the connections derived from the routines and processes linked to the monitoring of school attendance of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in the city of Belo Horizonte. Based on the Actor Network Theory, the theoretical approach articulates technology, routines, street-level bureaucrats and the territory in the policy network materialized. Thirty-one multilevel public agents were interviewed, including 14 education professionals in two schools and eight social work professionals in two local centers. The analysis reveals that school attendance causes the social program to have a strong connection with education, promoting intersectoral and multilevel cooperation through the connection between school and social assistance centers in the territory. In addition, the results present a theoretical-methodological path for public policy network analysis.
Portuguese Archives and Libraries: a Century of Preservation and Conservation Practices for the Control of Biodeterioration
Authors: Casanova Maria da Conceição Lopes , Pinheiro Ana Catarina
Published: August 2020

Biodeterioration has been a central subject for libraries and archives. Throughout the ages, different preventive and curative conservation measures were adopted to manage biodeterioration in Portuguese institutions, but the problem persists. A historic review of different methodologies used to prevent biodeterioration in the Portuguese context is presented and compared to international trends. It focuses on theories and practices of paper conservation on par with their evolution and a comparison between the art collectors' world and Libraries and Archives is also made. Biodeterioration management has always been a major concern, namely amid librarians and archivists, among the first ones to endorse the implementation of preservation policies. Although preservation awareness has a relatively long history, it is vital to encourage a better understanding of it at the decision-making level. In fact, the implementation of preventive conservation strategies continues to be unsatisfactory, despite the current sustainability issues and the dangers of handling contaminated documentation.
The genus Drepanolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (Lejeuneaceae; Marchantiophyta) in the Western Ghats with special reference to Kerala
Authors: Chandini V K , Mufeed B , Nair Manju C , Rajesh K P
Published: August 2020

Diversity of the genus Drepanolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. of the family Lejeuneaceae in Kerala is discussed in detail. So far, 8 species have been reported from the Western Ghats, of which 6 occur in Kerala. This paper provides detailed descriptions of 5 of the species collected from Kerala during the present survey. Among these, Drepanolejeunea erecta (Steph.) Mizut. is new to the Western Ghats, D. fleischeri (Steph.) Grolle & Zhu, D. pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. and D. ternatensis (Gottsche) Steph. are new records for Kerala.
Intermediate Value Property for the Assouad Dimension of Measures
Authors: Suomala Ville
Published: August 2020

Hare, Mendivil, and Zuberman have recently shown that if X ⊂ ℝ is compact and of non-zero Assouad dimension dim
A X, then for all s > dim
A X, X supports measures with Assouad dimension s. We generalize this result to arbitrary complete metric spaces.