bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phyto‐Pharmacological Review onMurraya koenigii(L.) Spreng: As an Indigenous Plant of India with High Medicinal Potential
Authors: Singh Sonia , Ahuja Ashima , Murti Yogesh , Khaliq Afshan
Published: June 2023

The medicinal aspects ofMurraya koenigii(L.) Spreng. It also provides the latest updated information on pharmacological and plant patents on phytoconstituents. The information was collected from various sources, including literature surveys, textbooks, databases, and internet sources like Scopus, Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer, Google Scholar, Taylor and Francis. The plant,Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng is an extensive valuable, and important medicinal plant in the Indian System of Medicine. The plant proved to show various ethnomedicinal uses mentioned in the literature and even possessed various pharmacological activities. Different bioactive metabolites exhibit several biological activities. However, the biological efficacies of various other chemical constituents are yet to be clarified and proved concerning the molecular mechanisms.
Hyposterolactone A, a 3α‐Hydroxy Steroidal Lactone from the Deep‐Sea‐Derived FungusHypocreasp. ZEN14
Authors: Xu Lin , Ma Hua‐Bin , Wu Taizong , Liu Li‐Fang , Xie Ming‐Min , Hu Man‐Yi , Gai Ying‐Bao , Zhong Tian‐Hua , Yang Xian‐Wen
Published: June 2023

Chemical investigation of the deep‐sea‐derived fungusHypocreasp. ZEN14 afforded a new 3α‐hydroxy steroidal lactone, hyposterolactone A (1) and 25 known secondary metabolites (2–26). The structure of the new compound was established by detailed spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation as well as aJ‐based configuration analysis. Compound10showed potent cytotoxicity against Huh7 and Jurkat cells with IC50values of 1.4 μM and 6.7 μM, respectively.
Synergistic Coupling of Photocatalysis and Thermocatalysis for Efficient CO2 Conversion by Direct Z‐Scheme WO3/WS2
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Yang Yong , Xiong Lijun , Wang Tianyu , Xue Mengwei , Ge Jianhua , Tang Zheng , Li Panjie , Yin Nan , Shen Jinyou
Published: June 2023

Photothermal CO2 reduction using H2O combined with photocatalysis‐driven H2O splitting combined with thermal catalysis‐supported CO2 reduction has attracted rapid interest in artificial synthesis of solar fuel. With respect to extremely efficient photothermal catalysis, the photothermal impact of TMDCs (Transition Metal Dichalcogenides) facilitates CO2 reduction by activating lattice oxygen in oxide to enhance H2O oxidation. However, the fixed band gap of single photocatalyst is limited. The purpose of this work is to expand the band gap and improve the redox capacity. Hollow boxwood ball‐like WO3/WS2 Z‐scheme heterojunctions were prepared and used for photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction. DFT calculations and UV‐Vis spectra show LSPR effect in WOS heterojunctions, and the optical response extends to near infrared region. By comparison, the photothermal catalytic reduction of WO3/WS2 (9.717 μmol) by CO2 at 513 K is higher than that at 298 K (1.198 μmol) by a factor of 8. The formation of Z‐scheme heterojunction promotes rapid carrier transfer and lowers the reaction energy barrier. As well as the hollow structure improves light utilization and increases the interfacial area and number of active sites. In addition, the WO3/WS2 heterostructure utilizes its unique LSPR effect to generate heat through the photothermal effect, which can also promote molecular activation. This work reveals the important role of the LSPR effect in photothermal catalysis and demonstrates a TMDCs‐based photothermal‐driven catalysts, which presents a promising approach for designing of photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction.
Synthesis of 3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivates
Authors: Li Yufeng , Feng Jiajun , Huang Fei , Baell Jonathan B.
Published: June 2023

3‐Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes are an important class of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles that have been found to be key structural features in a wide range of biologically active natural products, drugs, and agrochemicals. As a cutting‐edge area, the synthesis of these derivatives has made spectacular progress in recent decades, with various transition‐metal‐catalyzed and transition‐metal‐free catalytic systems being developed. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the efficient methods for the synthesis of 3‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives since 2010, emphasizing the scope of substrates and synthesis’ applications, as well as the mechanisms of these reactions.
Unlocking The Role of Guanidinium Salts in Interface Engineering for Boosted Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Haorong , Wu Qiaofeng , Yu Yue , Liu Rui , Xu Maoxia , Hu Kexin , Yang Chengbin , Zhang Zetan , Deng Chen , Li Jinyu , Yu Hua
Published: June 2023

NiOx‐based inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted growing attention due to their low cost and large‐scale application potential. However, the efficiency and stability of inverted planar heterojunction PSCs is still unsatisfactory owing to insufficient charge‐extraction caused by undesirable interfacial contact between perovskite and NiOx hole transport layers (HTLs). Herein an interfacial passivation strategy with guanidinium salts (guanidinium thiocyanate (GuASCN), guanidine hydrobromide (GuABr), guanidine hydriodate (GuAI)) as passivator is employed to solve this problem. We systematically study the effect of various guanidinium salts on the crystallinity, morphology, and photophysical properties of perovskite films. Guanidine salt as interfacial passivator can decrease interface resistance, reduce carrier non‐radiative recombination, and boost carrier extraction. Notably, the GuABr‐treated unencapsulated devices can still maintain more than 90 % of their initial PCE after aging for 1600 h at 16–25 °C and 35 %–50 % relative humidity in ambient conditions. This work reveals the significance of counterions in improving the photovoltaic performance and stability of PSCs.
Patient‐specific hemodynamic feature of central venous disease intervened by stent: A numerical study
Authors: Wang Zhaoli , Li Tao , Zhou Jingyuan , Yu Yang , Chen Yu , Fu Ping
Published: June 2023

Central venous disease (CVD) with stenosis or occlusion is a severe and prevalent complication for chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients, resulting in dialysis access dysfunction. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent placement (PTS) has become one of the first‐line treatments for CVD. In clinical practice, the extra stents would be used if the curative efficacy of a single stent were unsatisfactory. Aiming to evaluate the therapeutic effect of different PTS schemes, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on four patients were performed to compare the hemodynamic characteristics of real‐life HD patients after stent placement. The three‐dimensional central vein's models of each patient were built using computational tomography angiography (CTA) images, and idealized models were constructed as contrast. Two inlet velocity modes were imposed to imitate the blood flow rate of healthy and HD patients. The hemodynamic parameters for different patients were investigated, including wall shear stress (WSS), velocity, and helicity. The results showed that the implantation of double stents is able to improve flexibility. When subjected to external force, the double stents have better radial stiffness. This paper evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of stent placement and provided a theoretical basis for CVD intervention in hemodialysis patients.
Evaluation of Drug–Drug Interaction Potential of Enarodustat (JTZ‐951) Using a Cytochrome P450 Probe Cocktail
Authors: Pai Sudhakar M. , Yamada Hiroyuki , Murata Hiroyuki
Published: June 2023

The drug interaction potential of enarodustat (doses: 25, 50 mg) on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 was evaluated after once‐daily administration for 15 days in a phase 1 multiple‐ascending‐dose study in healthy subjects. Probe substrates specific for the enzymes, i.e., caffeine (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and midazolam (CYP3A4), were administered orally as a cocktail with (day 15) and without (day −3) enarodustat. Drug interaction was based on geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from the time of dosing to infinity (AUCinf) ratios (day 15/day −3) for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, and urinary excretion of dextromethorphan metabolite dextrorphan for CYP2D6. At the 2 enarodustat doses, for caffeine, the geometric mean ratios (range) for Cmax and AUCinf were 0.99–1.06 and 1.61–1.63, respectively. The ratios for peak concentrations and total exposures were 0.98–1.07 and 0.71–1.78 for tolbutamide and omeprazole, respectively. For dextrorphan the Cmax and AUCinf ratios were 0.83–0.90 and 1.02–1.04, respectively. The mean dextrorphan cumulative amount excreted into the urine from the time of dosing to 24 hours values on day −3 and day 15 were 8.25 mg and 8.20 mg at the lower dose, and 9.40 mg and 9.51 mg at the higher dose. The ratios for midazolam Cmax and AUCinf were 1.42–1.63. Overall, there was a lack of enarodustat dose dependency regarding the geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals and urinary excretion of dextrorphan. There were some cases where the 90% confidence intervals at the 2 enarodustat doses were outside the 0.80–1.25 range, but changes in the geometric mean ratios were all <2‐fold.
Excited State Photophysics of Curcumin and its Modulation in Alkaline Non‐Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ghosh Meghna , Parida Sanjukta , Khatoon Huma , Bera Nanigopal , Mishra Sabyashachi , Sarkar Nilmoni
Published: June 2023

Curcumin, a well‐known medicinal pigment, has seen limited applications in biology despite having great potential as a therapeutic drug. Deprotonation is one of the possible ways to enhance solubility of curcumin in polar solvent. Here, we have explored the effect of deprotonation on the ultrafast dynamics of this biomolecule with the help of the time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopic measurements using the femtosecond fluorescence upconversion technique. The excited state photophysics of fully deprotonated curcumin significantly differs from that of neutral curcumin. We have observed that the completely deprotonated curcumin not only has higher quantum yield, but also higher excited state lifetime and slower solvation dynamics in comparison to neutral curcumin. We propose solvation dynamics and intramolecular charge transfer as the excited state processes associated with the radiative decay of the completely deprotonated molecule, while ruling out the possibility of excited state proton exchange or proton transfer. Our results are well supported by time‐dependent density‐functional theory calculations. Lastly, we have also demonstrated the possibility of modulating the ultrafast dynamics of fully deprotonated curcumin using non‐aqueous alkaline binary solvent mixtures. We believe our results will provide significant physical insight towards unveiling the excited state dynamics of this molecule.
Comparison of the Ability of N‐Bases to Engage in Noncovalent Bonds
Authors: Amonov Akhtam , Scheiner Steve
Published: June 2023

The lone pair of the N atom is a common electron donor in noncovalent bonds. Quantum calculations examine how various aspects of the base on which the N is located affect the strength and other properties of complexes formed with Lewis acids FH, FBr, F2Se, and F3As that respectively encompass hydrogen, halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonds. In most cases the halogen bond is the strongest, followed in order by chalcogen, hydrogen, and pnicogen. The noncovalent bond strength increases in the sp<sp2<sp3 order of hybridization of N. Replacement of H substituents on the base by a methyl group or substituting N by C atom to which the base N is attached, strengthens the bond. The strongest bonds occur for trimethylamine and the weakest for N2.
Grain yield response to planting date and cutting height of the first crop in rice ratooning
Authors: Nakano Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryo , Hakata Makoto
Published: June 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) ratooning is one of the most essential production strategies to increase grain yield. Field experiments were conducted in southwestern Japan in 2021 and 2022 to determine the effects of planting date and cutting height of the first crop on grain yield. Grain yield of the second crop was higher at early planting date than at late planting date in 2021, but the yield difference was narrowed in 2022. The higher grain yield at early planting date resulted from the higher number of spikelets and percentage of filled spikelets due to the higher stubble nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content, leaf area index (LAI), and air temperatures. Grain yield of the second crop was higher at high cutting height than at low cutting height in 2021, but the yield difference was narrowed in 2022. The higher grain yield at high cutting height resulted from the higher number of spikelets due to the higher NSC content and LAI. In the weather conditions, grain yield had a strong positive correlation with the air temperature, which had positive correlations with the number of panicle and percentage of filled spikelets. In the stubble conditions, grain yield had a strong positive correlation with NSC content, which had positive correlations with the number of panicle and percentage of filled spikelets. Therefore, early planting, which secures high air temperatures, and high cutting height, which produces high NSC content, are recommended to increase grain yield of the second crop.
Hexahydrocannabinol and closely related semi‐synthetic cannabinoids: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ujváry István
Published: June 2023

Since the early 2000s, there has been a turmoil on the global illicit cannabinoid market. Parallel to legislative changes in some jurisdictions regarding herbal cannabis, unregulated and cheap synthetic cannabinoids with astonishing structural diversity have emerged. Recently, semi‐synthetic cannabinoids manufactured from hemp extracts by simple chemical transformations have also appeared as recreational drugs. The burst of these semi‐synthetic cannabinoids into the market was sparked by legislative changes in the United States, where cultivation of industrial hemp restarted. By now, hemp‐derived cannabidiol (CBD), initially a blockbuster product on its own, became a “precursor” to semi‐synthetic cannabinoids such as hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), which appeared on the drug market in 2021. The synthesis and cannabimimetic activity of HHC were first reported eight decades ago in quest for the psychoactive principles of marijuana and hashish. Current large‐scale manufacture of HHC is based on hemp‐derived CBD extract, which is converted first by cyclization into a Δ8/Δ9‐THC mixture, followed by catalytic hydrogenation to afford a mixture of (9R)‐HHC and (9S)‐HHC epimers. Preclinical studies indicate that (9R)‐HHC has THC‐like pharmacological properties. The animal metabolism of HHC is partially clarified. The human pharmacology including metabolism of HHC is yet to be investigated, and (immuno)analytical methods for the rapid detection of HHC or its metabolites in urine are lacking. Herein, the legal background for the revitalization of hemp cultivation, and available information on the chemistry, analysis, and pharmacology of HHC and related analogs, including HHC acetate (HHC‐O) is reviewed.
Social situations differ in their contribution to population‐level social structure in griffon vultures
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Anglister Nili , Spiegel Orr , Pinter‐Wollman Noa
Published: June 2023

Social relationships among animals emerge from interactions in multiple ecological and social situations. However, we seldom ask how each situation contributes to the global structure of a population, and whether different situations contribute different information about social relationships and the position of individuals within the social fabric. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) interact socially in multiple situations, including communal roosting, joint flights, and co‐feeding. These social interactions can influence population‐level outcomes, such as disease transmission and information sharing that determine survival and response to changes. We examined the unique contribution of each social and ecological situation to the social structure of the population and individuals' positions within the overall social network using high‐resolution GPS tracking. We found that the number of individuals each vulture interacted with (degree) was best predicted by diurnal interactions—both during flights and on the ground (such as when feeding). However, the strength of social bonds, that is, the number of interactions an individual had (strength), was best predicted by interactions on the ground—both during the day (e.g., while feeding) and at night (e.g., while roosting) but not by interactions while flying. Thus, social situations differ in their impact on the relationships that individuals form. By incorporating the ecological situations in which social interactions occur we gain a more complete view of how social relationships are formed and which situations are important for different types of interactions.
Challenging state authority and hierarchical power: A case study of the engagement of Peru's Amazonian Indigenous Peoples' organizations in the governance of REDD+
Authors: Lozano Flores Liliana , Delgado Pugley Deborah , Casas Luna Santiago , Van den Broeck Pieter , Parra Constanza
Published: June 2023

The reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) mechanism is a climate change mitigation policy tool widely used in tropical forested countries that faces institutional and governance challenges in its implementation. Peru provides a particularly rich case study to analyze the agency of Amazonian Indigenous Peoples' organizations (IPOs) in the development of a national REDD+ policy. We examine the multi‐scalar interaction between the Peruvian State and IPOs in the governance of REDD+, identifying the role of Amazonian Indigenous groups in this process. Drawing on socio‐ecological governance and political economy approaches, we analyze data collected through interviews and participant observation. The article provides a case study of how IPOs work within the evolving governance system of REDD+ in Peru—both in responding to opportunities and in shaping the emergent system. Furthermore, it reveals that IPOs' rights and equity frame—deployed through several multi‐scalar strategies—has finally found a place in Peru's REDD+ governance. This has resulted in a more pluralistic mode of coordination between the State and IPOs and in the increase of the socio‐political empowerment of Indigenous Peoples. Our analysis suggests that Peru's REDD+ policies could progress toward more equitable outcomes through a true operationalization of cohesiveness and inclusiveness that encourages a meaningful relationship building between the state and Indigenous Peoples.
Ligusticum chuanxiong prevents high‐fat‐diet‐induced lipid metabolism disorder in mice by modulating the genes in the cholesterol pathway
Authors: Ge Huifang , Ye Xianjiang , Chen Qihe , Ye Jia , Chen Jicheng
Published: June 2023

Ligusticum chuanxiong (LC) has been widely used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. LC Hort extraction (LCE) can regulate high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced lipid metabolic disorders (LMDs). However, the potential mechanism of LCE alleviates LMDs has not been entirely determined. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of LCE in regulating LMDs and reveal its intervention mechanism. LCE was used as the alternative constituent to intervene in HFD‐induced LMDs. LCE antioxidant activity, toxicity, and the effects on serum lipid metabolism index were also determined. The potential intervention mechanism was investigated using the transcriptome analysis. Results confirmed that LCE administration remarkably decreased mice body weight, serum lipid indexes (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acid, and total bile acid), and liver malondialdehyde levels. LCE intervention increased the serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and LPS enzyme activities, and LCE was nontoxic. The liver antioxidantive enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase, were enhanced. RNA‐seq Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis confirmed that LCE was mainly involved in the lipid metabolism–related signaling pathways, especially for cholesterol biogenesis and metabolic signaling pathways. Besides, genes, such as Cyp51, Msoml, Apof, Pmvk, Nsdh1, ApoA‐1, ApoC‐1, and Lcat, might have been upregulated, thus further inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. By upregulating genes related to the bile acid signaling pathway, such as CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and ABCG5/8, the conversion of TC into bile acid was accelerated, and cholesterol levels decreased. LCE could serve as an alternative Chinese medicine for alleviating HFD‐induced LMDs symptoms through multichannel interactions. This study provides a reference for exploring new functions of LC, especially for regulating LMDs.
Network connectivity and structural correlates of survival in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Whiteside David J. , Street Duncan , Murley Alexander G. , Jones P. Simon , Malpetti Maura , Ghosh Boyd C. P. , Coyle‐Gilchrist Ian , Gerhard Alexander , Hu Michele T. , Klein Johannes C. , Leigh P. Nigel , Church Alistair , Burn David J. , Morris Huw R. , Rowe James B. , Rittman Timothy
Published: June 2023

There is a pressing need to understand the factors that predict prognosis in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), with high heterogeneity over the poor average survival. We test the hypothesis that the magnitude and distribution of connectivity changes in PSP and CBS predict the rate of progression and survival time, using datasets from the Cambridge Centre for Parkinson‐plus and the UK National PSP Research Network (PROSPECT‐MR). Resting‐state functional MRI images were available from 146 participants with PSP, 82 participants with CBS, and 90 healthy controls. Large‐scale networks were identified through independent component analyses, with correlations taken between component time series. Independent component analysis was also used to select between‐network connectivity components to compare with baseline clinical severity, longitudinal rate of change in severity, and survival. Transdiagnostic survival predictors were identified using partial least squares regression for Cox models, with connectivity compared to patients' demographics, structural imaging, and clinical scores using five‐fold cross‐validation. In PSP and CBS, between‐network connectivity components were identified that differed from controls, were associated with disease severity, and were related to survival and rate of change in clinical severity. A transdiagnostic component predicted survival beyond demographic and motion metrics but with lower accuracy than an optimal model that included the clinical and structural imaging measures. Cortical atrophy enhanced the connectivity changes that were most predictive of survival. Between‐network connectivity is associated with variability in prognosis in PSP and CBS but does not improve predictive accuracy beyond clinical and structural imaging metrics.
The impact of leadership styles on employee safety behaviour among Chinese healthcare workers: The moderating role of cooperation facilitation
Authors: Li Cai , Murad Majid , Awais‐E‐Yazdan Muhammad
Published: June 2023

With the support of social exchange theory and social impact theory, this study aimed to examine the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on safety behaviour with the moderating role of cooperation facilitation in Chinese healthcare workers. This study used a simple random sampling method and data were collected from healthcare workers in Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, China. A total of 376 questionnaires were utilised and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) technique was used for data analysis. The result showed that transactional and transformational leadership positively impact safety behaviour of health care workers. The findings also indicated that cooperation facilitation positively moderates the relationship between transactional and transformational leadership on safety behaviour. This study provides an insightful contribution that leadership must encourage the workers to cooperate in safety‐related activities to make the work environment healthier and safer. Lastly, this study also discussed some theoretical and practical implications for researchers and policymakers.
Ruptured splenic artery aneurysm in pregnancy
Authors: Momoh Rabiu , Kent Olivia , Lambourne Joanna , Fernandes Roland
Published: June 2023

Synopsis

A rare case of a massive hemorrhage from a ruptured splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) in pregnancy that resulted in an emergency laparotomy, splenectomy, and cesarean section with maternal survival, but fetal loss, is presented. The development of protocols or guidelines for the early identification or prevention of SAA rupture in pregnancy would be of greater importance than reactive measures to control acute SAA bleeds.
Sweroside alleviates hepatic steatosis in part by activating AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy in mice
Authors: Ding Yan , Chen Yuefu , Hu Ke , Yang Qiansheng , Li Yuxian , Huang Minjiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of sweroside (SOS) on hepatic steatosis in mice and elucidated its molecular mechanisms. We conducted in vivo experiments using a C57BL/6 mice model of nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to explore the effect of SOS on hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mice. In in vitro experiments, primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with palmitic acid and SOS, and the protective effects of SOS on inflammation, lipogenesis, and fat deposition were analyzed. Autophagy‐related protein levels and their related signaling pathways were evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated that SOS decreased the high‐fat‐induced intrahepatic lipid content both in vivo and in vitro. The autophagy level in the liver was decreased in NAFLD mice but was reactivated following SOS intervention. SOS intervention was found to partially activate autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Consequently, when the AMPK/mTOR pathway was suppressed or autophagy was inhibited, the beneficial effects of SOS intervention on hepatic steatosis were diminished. These results indicate that SOS intervention attenuates hepatic steatosis by promoting autophagy in the liver of NAFLD mice, in part by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Osteohematology: To be or Notch to be
Authors: Rothzerg Emel , Erber Wendy N. , Gibbons Christopher L. M. H. , Wood David , Xu Jiake
Published: June 2023

Osteohematology is an emerging research field that studies the crosstalk between hematopoietic and bone stromal cells, to elucidate the mechanisms of hematological and skeletal malignancies and diseases. The Notch is an evolutionary conserved developmental signaling pathway, with critical roles in embryonic development by controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the Notch pathway is also critically involved in cancer initiation and progression, such as osteosarcoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The Notch‐mediated malignant cells dysregulate bone and bone marrow cells in the tumour microenvironment, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to bone marrow dysfunction. To date, the complex interplay of Notch signaling molecules in hematopoietic and bone stromal cells is still poorly understood. In this mini‐review, we summarize the crosstalk between cells in bone and bone marrow and their influence under the Notch signaling pathway in physiological conditions and in tumour microenvironment.
RIG‐I contributes to keratinocyte proliferation and wound repair by inducing TIMP‐1 expression through NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Huiyuan , Li Qianyu , Huang Qiongyi , Yang Huiqiong , Zheng Jiayi , Xie Ruting , Han Dongyan , Wei Qing
Published: June 2023

Epithelial keratinocyte proliferation is an essential element of wound repair, and chronic wound conditions, such as diabetic foot, are characterized by aberrant re‐epithelialization. In this study, we examined the functional role of retinoic acid inducible‐gene I (RIG‐I), a key regulator of epidermal keratinocyte proliferation, in promoting TIMP‐1 expression. We found that RIG‐I is overexpressed in keratinocytes of skin injury and underexpressed in skin wound sites of diabetic foot and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. Moreover, mice lacking RIG‐I developed an aggravated phenotype when subjected to skin injury. Mechanistically, RIG‐I promoted keratinocyte proliferation and wound repair by inducing TIMP‐1 via the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Indeed, recombinant TIMP‐1 directly accelerated HaCaT cell proliferation in vitro and promoted wound healing in Ddx58−/− and diabetic mice in vivo. In summary, we demonstrated that RIG‐I is a crucial factor that mediates epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and may be a potential biomarker for skin injury severity, thus making it an attractive locally therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot.
Pit 1 transporter (SLC20A1) as a key factor in the NPP1‐mediated inhibition of insulin signaling in human podocytes
Authors: Kulesza Tomasz , Typiak Marlena , Rachubik Patrycja , Rogacka Dorota , Audzeyenka Irena , Saleem Moin A. , Piwkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2023

Podocytes are crucially involved in blood filtration in the glomerulus. Their proper function relies on efficient insulin responsiveness. The insulin resistance of podocytes, defined as a reduction of cell sensitivity to this hormone, is the earliest pathomechanism of microalbuminuria that is observed in metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. In many tissues, this alteration is mediated by the phosphate homeostasis‐controlling enzyme nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). By binding to the insulin receptor (IR), NPP1 inhibits downstream cellular signaling. Our previous research found that hyperglycemic conditions affect another protein that is involved in phosphate balance, type III sodium‐dependent phosphate transporter 1 (Pit 1). In the present study, we evaluated the insulin resistance of podocytes after 24 h of incubation under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Thereafter, insulin signaling was inhibited. The formation of NPP1/IR complexes was observed at that time. A novel finding in the present study was our observation of an interaction between NPP1 and Pit 1 after the 24 h stimulation of podocytes with insulin. After downregulation of the SLC20A1 gene, which encodes Pit 1, we established insulin resistance in podocytes that were cultured under native conditions, manifested as a lack of intracellular insulin signaling and the inhibition of glucose uptake via the glucose transporter type 4. These findings suggest that Pit 1 might be a major factor that participates in the NPP1‐mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.
Trauma, protest, and therapeutic culture in Algeria since the 1980s
Authors: Henry Mélanie
Published: June 2023

This article focuses on the shift in sensitivities that took place between the 1980s and 2019 toward psychological suffering in Algeria. Promoters of psychotherapy showed an increase in receptivity—via the media, public authorities, and the general population—to their practices and discourses during this period. Based on professional literature, interviews with psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychoanalysts, and newspaper articles and essays, this article considers the following aspects: the use of psychotherapy, the authority of psychoanalytic/psychopathological analyses, and the ethics of relation in politics. Taking a social and cultural history of politics approach, it traces the discontinuous politicization of psychotherapy over the course of events (namely the uprising of 1988, the civil war of the 1990s, and the 2019 popular movement) and examines the interactions between the state, popular mobilizations, and the psychotherapists. The civil war of the 1990s coincided with the normalization of “trauma” on a global scale, and procedures for the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder were put in place in Algeria from 1997 onwards. In this process of legitimizing psychological suffering and its treatment, the promoters of psychotherapy who belonged to the less visible margins gained authority. The year‐long protest movement (2019) against the regime performed the ethics of relation, focusing on human relations, reflexivity, and living together. Promoters of psychotherapy identified consistently with the political subjectivities produced within the 2019 popular movement characterized by massive pacifist marches against the regime.
Morphology of the gastric mill teeth in dotillid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Dotillidae) from Indonesia
Authors: Murniati Dewi C. , Asakura Akira , Nakano Tomoyuki , Shimomura Michitaka
Published: June 2023

The gastric mill is a prominent structure in the digestive system of brachyuran crabs, consisting of a median tooth plate and a pair of lateral tooth plates. Among crab species that are deposit feeders, the morphology and size of the gastric mill teeth are correlated with the preferred substrate types and food spectrum. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the morphology of the median and lateral teeth of the gastric mills in eight species of dotillid crabs from Indonesia, and compare them in relation to habitat preferences and molecular phylogeny.Ilyoplax delsmani, Ilyoplax orientalis, andIlyoplax strigicarpushave comparatively simple shapes of their median and lateral teeth, with fewer teeth on each lateral tooth plate compared toDotilla myctiroides, Dotilla wichmanni, Scopimera gordonae, Scopimera intermedia, andTmethypocoelisaff.ceratophora, which have more complexly shaped median and lateral teeth, with a greater number of teeth on each lateral tooth plate. The number of teeth on lateral tooth correlates with habitat preference, that is, dotillid crabs inhabiting muddy substrata have fewer teeth on the lateral tooth plate, and those inhabiting sandy substrata have a more teeth. Phylogenetic analysis using partial COI and 16S rRNA genes supports that teeth morphology is similar among closely related species. Therefore, the description of median and lateral teeth of the gastric mill is expected to contribute to the systematic study of dotillid crabs.
Observer‐based dynamic ETC optimized tracking of nonlinear systems with stochastic disturbances
Authors: Zhu Hao‐Yang , Li Yuan‐Xin , Tong Shaocheng
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a simple and efficient adaptive event‐triggered optimized control (ETOC) scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for stochastic nonlinear systems. The scheme includes an online state observer to estimate unmeasured states and a dynamically adjustable event‐triggered mechanism that reduces communication resources. The RL algorithm is based on the negative gradient of a simple positive function and employs the identifier‐actor‐critic architecture. The proposed ETOC approach is in the sensor‐to‐controller channel and directly activates control behavior through triggered states, which saves network resources. The theoretical analysis proves that all closed‐loop signals remain bounded under the proposed output‐feedback ETOC method. Overall, this paper presents a practical and effective ETOC scheme using RL for stochastic nonlinear systems, which has the potential to save communication resources and maintain closed‐loop signal stability. Finally, a simulation example is proposed to validate the presented control algorithm.
Eye‐related quality of life and activities of daily living in pediatric retinoblastoma patients: A single‐center, non‐controlled, cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Wise Jacob , Hayashi Robert , Wu Tiffany , Malone Sara , Badawi Amer Al , King Allison , Gordon Mae , Kimera Lawrencia , Lueder Gregg , Reynolds Margaret
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Childhood retinoblastoma (RB) survivors are known to experience long‐term morbidity; however, eye‐related quality of life (QoL), which may significantly impact activities of daily living (ADL), has not been extensively studied in this population. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to assess QoL and ADL morbidity among school‐age RB survivors.

Methods

The Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) and Roll Evaluation Activities of Life (REAL) were administered to childhood RB survivors between ages 5 and 17 followed at St. Louis Children's Hospital. Visual outcomes and demographic predictors of ADL and QoL were examined.

Results

Total 23 patients (mean age 9.6 years) consented for participation in this study. All children experienced at least one domain on the PedEyeQ ≤ 80%. Subjects and parents marked functional vision to be the most impacted domain with a median score of 82.5 and 83.4, respectively. Only 10.5% of participants scored above 75% on the ADL percentile rank. On multivariable analysis, decreased visual acuity (VA) was associated with worse “Child Functional” (odds ratio [OR] −59.2, p = .004) and “Parent Worry Function” (OR −66.5, p = .03) metrics. Decreased contrast sensitivity was associated with worse “Parent Impact” (OR 21.0, p = .02) and “Parent Worry Function” (OR 3.70, p = .04) metrics. Longer saccade horizontal latency was associated with a worse “Parent Worry Function” metric (OR 43.0, p = .009). On multivariable analysis, no variable was significantly associated with ADL.

Conclusion

RB survivors have impaired QoL and ADL. Screening for such difficulties should strongly be considered for all RB patients. Additional studies may help predict morbidity based on visual metrics and demographic data.
Current practice of first‐trimester ultrasound screening for structural fetal anomalies in developed countries
Authors: Bronsgeest Kim , Lust Eline E. R. , Henneman Lidewij , Crombag Neeltje , Bilardo Caterina M. , Stemkens Daphne , Galjaard Robert‐Jan H. , Sikkel Esther , van der Hout Sanne H. , Bekker Mireille N. , Haak Monique C.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

First‐trimester ultrasound screening is increasingly performed to detect fetal anomalies early in pregnancy, aiming to enhance reproductive autonomy for future parents. This study aims to display the current practice of first‐trimester ultrasound screening in developed countries.

Method

An online survey among 47 prenatal screening experts in developed countries.

Results

First‐trimester structural anomaly screening is available in 30 of the 33 countries and is mostly offered to all women with generally high uptakes. National protocols are available in 23/30 (76.7%) countries, but the extent of anatomy assessment varies. Monitoring of scan quality occurs in 43.3% of the countries. 23/43 (53.5%) of the respondents considered the quality of first‐trimester ultrasound screening unequal in different regions of their country.

Conclusions

First‐trimester screening for structural fetal anomalies is widely offered in developed countries, but large differences are reported in availability and use of screening protocols, the extent of anatomy assessment, training and experience of sonographers and quality monitoring systems. Consequently, this results in an unequal offer to parents in developed countries, sometimes even within the same country. Furthermore, as offer and execution differ widely, this has to be taken into account when results of screening policies are scientifically published or compared.
A “plant love story”: The lost (and found) private herbarium of the radical socialist revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg
Authors: Zych Marcin , Dolatowski Jakub , Kirpluk Izabella , Werblan‐Jakubiec Hanna
Published: June 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Herbaria are important tools in botanical documentation for verifying species distribution and past occurrence. In addition to their scientific value, some herbaria, especially those collected by iconic historic figures such as the radical socialist revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg, can increase public interest in plant diversity and conservation by building a positive narrative with plants. Throughout her life, R. Luxemburg remained passionate for botany and started collecting plants in 1913 until her assassination in 1919, amassing a private herbarium that she cherished. This unique collection, which was thought to be lost, has since been rediscovered and is currently deposited in the Archive of Modern Records in Warsaw, Poland.
Organizing Uniform Phase Distribution in Methylammonium‐Free 1.77 eV Wide‐Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhanfei , Wang Jianli , Liang Jianghu , Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Tian Congcong , Sun Anxin , Huang Ying , Zhou Zhuang , Yang Yajuan , Liu Yuan , Tang Chen , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun‐Chao
Published: June 2023

Disordered crystallization and poor phase stability of mixed halide perovskite films are still the main factors that compromise the performance of inverted wide bandgap (WBG; 1.77 eV) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Great difficulties are evidenced due to the very different crystallization rates between I‐ and Br‐based perovskite components through DMSO‐alone assisted anti‐solvent process. Here, a zwitterionic additive strategy is reported for finely regulating the crystal growth of Cs0.2FA0.8Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3, thereby obtaining high‐performance PSCs. The aminoethanesulfonic acid (AESA) is introduced to form hydrogen bonds and strong PbO bonds with perovskite precursors, realizing the complete coordination with both the organic (FAI) and inorganic (CsI, PbI2, PbBr2) components, balancing their complexation effects, and realizing AESA‐guided fast nucleation and retarded crystallization processes. This treatment substantially promotes homogeneous crystal growth of I‐ and Br‐based perovskite components. Besides, this uniformly distributed AESA passivates the defects and inhibits the photo‐induced halide segregation effectively. This strategy generates a record efficiency of 19.66%, with a Voc of 1.25 V and FF of 83.7% for an MA‐free WBG p‐i‐n device at 1.77 eV. The unencapsulated devices display impressive humidity stability at 30 ± 5% RH for 1000 h and much improved continuous operation stability at MPP for 300 h.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a New Platform to Construct Ordered Mesoporous Ce‐Based Oxides for Efficient CO2 Fixation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Chen Yimin , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei , Shen Kui
Published: June 2023

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are proved to be good precursors to derive various nanomaterials with desirable functions, but so far the controllable synthesis of ordered mesoporous derivatives from MOFs has not been achieved. Herein, this work reports, for the first time, the construction of MOF‐derived ordered mesoporous (OM) derivatives by developing a facile mesopore‐inherited pyrolysis‐oxidation strategy. This work demonstrates a particularly elegant example of this strategy, which involves the mesopore‐inherited pyrolysis of OM‐CeMOF into a OM‐CeO2@C composite, followed by the oxidation removal of its residual carbon, affording the corresponding OM‐CeO2. Furthermore, the good tunability of MOFs helps to allodially introduce zirconium into OM‐CeO2 to regulate its acid‐base property, thus boosting its catalytic activity for CO2 fixation. Impressively, the optimized Zr‐doped OM‐CeO2 can achieve above 16 times higher catalytic activity than its solid CeO2 counterpart, representing the first metal oxide‐based catalyst to realize the complete cycloaddition of epichlorohydrin with CO2 under ambient temperature and pressure. This study not only develops a new MOF‐based platform for enriching the family of ordered mesoporous nanomaterials, but also demonstrates an ambient catalytic system for CO2 fixation.
(De)unionization, trade, unemployment, and wage differentials
Authors: Chang Juin‐Jen , Hung Li‐Wen , Peng Shin‐Kun
Published: June 2023

This research examines the interaction of (de)unionization and trade liberalization in shaping firm productivity, market structure, trade flows, unemployment, and functional distribution (changes in the wage difference and labor income share). It introduces unemployment to the Melitz‐Ottaviano model by considering unionism in the differentiated manufacturing sector and searching frictions in the homogeneous service sector. It shows that unionization has a selection‐softening effect, leading to a non‐monotonic relationship between unionization and the number of firms and unemployment. With international trade, a unilateral increase in the degree of unionization in one country gives rise to a selection‐softening effect for domestic‐only firms and a selection‐toughening effect for exporting firms in this country, resulting in unemployment being more likely to increase relative to autarky. If openness to trade is relatively low (high), then the average wage difference for this country compared to its trading partner country rises (declines). Trade liberalization does not necessarily reduce unemployment, and depends on the relative degree of unionization between the two trading countries. In sharp contrast to the conventional notion, de‐unionization can increase, rather than decrease, the labor income share of unionized workers, provided that openness to trade is sufficiently high.
Risk factors associated withStreptococcus suiscases on pig farms in Spain
Authors: Neila‐Ibáñez Carlos , Napp Sebastián , Pailler‐García Lola , Franco‐Martínez Lorena , Cerón José Joaquín , Aragon Virginia , Casal Jordi
Published: June 2023

Background

Streptococcus suiscan cause meningitis, polyarthritis and acute death in piglets. However, the risk factors associated withS. suisinfection remain incompletely understood. Therefore, a longitudinal study was carried out, in which six batches from two Spanish pig farms withS. suisproblems were repeatedly examined to determine possible risk factors.

Methods

A prospective case–control study was conducted, and potential risk factors were evaluated using mixed‐effects logistic regression models. The explanatory variables included: (a) concomitant pathogens; (b) biomarkers associated with stress, inflammation and oxidative status; (c) farm environmental factors; and (d) parity andS. suispresence in sows. Three models were built to study the effect of these variables, including two to assess the risk factors involved in the subsequent development of disease.

Results

Risk factors forS. suis‐associated disease included porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co‐infection at weaning (odds ratio [OR] = 6.69), sow parity (OR = 0.71), haptoglobin level before weaning (OR = 1.01), relative humidity (OR = 1.11) and temperature (OR = 0.13).

Limitations

Laboratory diagnosis was done at the batch level, with individual diagnosis based on clinical signs only.

Conclusions

This study confirms the multifactorial nature ofS. suis‐associated disease, with both environmental factors and factors related to the host involved in disease development. Controlling these factors may, therefore, help prevent the appearance of disease.
Disseminated gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma in a dromedary camel
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelazim , Hussen Jamal , Shawaf Turke , Al‐Hizab Fahad A. , Kiupel Matti
Published: June 2023

A 12‐year‐old, female dromedary camel presented with a large mass on the right eye and progressive weight loss. The animal died shortly after clinical examination, and postmortem examination revealed multiple nodules in the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. A multicentric T‐cell lymphoma was diagnosed based on microscopic features and immunohistochemical labelling of the neoplastic cell for CD3, but not CD20. Flow cytometric analysis of collected blood showed a marked increase in the percentage of gamma‐delta (workshop cluster 1‐positive) lymphoblasts.