bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apomorphine induces mitochondrial-dysfunction-dependent apoptosis in choriocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Jin-Young , Ham Jiyeon , Lim Whasun , Song Gwonhwa
Published: June 2020

Apomorphine is a derivative of morphine that is used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease because of its effects on the hypothalamus. Therapeutic effects of apomorphine have also been reported for various neurological diseases and cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effects of apomorphine are not clear, especially with respect to choriocarcinoma. This is the first study to elucidate the anticancer effects of apomorphine on choriocarcinoma. We found that apomorphine suppressed the viability, proliferation, ATP production, and spheroid formation of JEG3 and JAR choriocarcinoma cells. Moreover, apomorphine activated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by activating caspases and inhibited the production of anti-apoptotic proteins in choriocarcinoma cells. Further, apomorphine caused depolarization of mitochondria, calcium overload, energy deprivation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in JEG3 and JAR cells. We confirmed synergistic effects of apomorphine with paclitaxel, a traditional chemotherapeutic agent, and propose that apomorphine could be a potential therapeutic agent in choriocarcinoma and an important candidate for drug repositioning that could help overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapy.
Būsto kainų burbulo sprogimas - problemos vertinimas
Authors: Belinskaja Larisa , Rutkauskas Virgilijus
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama šalies ūkio plėtrai ir ekonomikos raidai aktuali nekilnojamojo turto kainų burbulo problema. Įvertinant teorinius ir praktinius istorinius nekilnojamojo turto kainų burbulo formavimosi aspektus, atsižvelgiant į daugelio šalies autoritetingų ekspertų nuomonę, grindžiama susidariusi situacija detalizuojant ekonomines ir psichologines priežastis (pažymima, kad būtent šie veiksniai turi tendencingą poveikį nekilnojamojo turto rinkai Lietuvoje).Išorės signalų poveikio suvokimas remiantis ekonomikos augimo prielaidomis ir skirtingų veiksnių sąveikos interpretavimu leido kryptingai atskleisti nekilnojamojo turto rinkos raidos poveikį šalies ūkiui ir gerovei. Formuojant įžvalgas ir ateities perspektyvas pateikiamas tikėtinas būsimų veiksmų scenarijus, kuris siejamas su skirtinga skelbiama nacionalinės valiutos pakeitimo euru data.
The Doctrine of German Neo-Liberalism in Terms of its Genesis and Practical Implementation
Authors: Čiegis Remigijus , Vveinhardt Jolita
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of German neo-liberalism as a peculiar political-economic doctrine which became popular after World War It is analysed in the context of the ideology of neo-liberalism. Attempts have been made to show historical and cultural conditions which favoured the implementation of the ideas developed by W. Eucken, theoretician of the German neo-liberalism, and the representatives of the Freiburg school. The aim of the paper is to identify the peculiarities that make this economic thought different from classical neo-liberalism and have stimulated the development of the economy in post-war West Germany.
Investicijų grąžos įvertinimo atsižvelgiant į riziką problema ir jos sprendimo galimybė
Authors: Jasienė Meilė , Kočiūnaitė Diana
Published: June 2020

Kylant ekonomikai ir gyvenimo lygiui, didėja gyventojų laikinai laisvų lėšų kiekis ir investicijų poreikis. Investicijos skiriasi daugeliu požymių (pagal investavimo priemonę, strategiją, investavimo sritį, terminą ir kt.), tačiau investuotojui dažnai aktualiausi būna investicijų grąža ir jų rizika. Investuotojas, prisiėmęs didesnę riziką, paprastai tikisi ir didesnio pajamingumo, arba grąžos. Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje vienas iš populiariausių investavimo būdų - pensijų fondai (toliau - PF), kurie taip pat skiriasi savo investavimo strategijomis, investuotojui duodama grąža ir prisiimama rizika. Vien investavimo strategija neleidžia aiškiai apibrėžti ir įvertinti grąžos ir rizikos lygio, tačiau šiai problemai spręsti Lietuvoje kol kas nėra skiriama pakankamai dėmesio nei mokslinėje literatūroje, nei praktikoje.Šio straipsnio tikslas - įvertinti Lietuvoje naudojamus metodus PF rezultatams apibūdinti ir pamėginti pasiūlyti investicijų grąžos vertinimo atsižvelgiant į prisiimamos rizikos lygį metodą panaudojant Šarpo rodiklį ir juo remiantis atlikti Lietuvos antros pakopos PF grąžos vienam sąlyginiam fondo rizikos vienetui analizę. Tyrimo objektas - investicijų grąžos įvertinimo pagal riziką problema. Naudoti metodai: statistinė analizė, pajamingumo analizė, Šarpo rodiklio apskaičiavimas.
Competitiveness of Lithuanian Freight Transport Service Sector in the Context of the European Union
Authors: Langvinienė Neringa , Sekliuckienė Jurgita
Published: June 2020

Progressive changes, dynamic business environment become a constant of life in several economics spheres, including the Lithuanian freight transport service sector. Lithuanian freight transport services are characterized as sector acting on the terms of high rivalry. The aim of this article is to analyse the competitiveness of the Lithuanian freight transport sector in the context of the European Union. The competitive theoretical background, estimation of competitiveness of freight transport services are analysed. The competitive analysis of the sector through the Porter’s model of five forces and internal characteristics of the enterprise defining the Lithuanian freight transport sector in terms of size and specialization is carried out. The methods of the research are systematics and a comparative analysis of scientific literature, quantitative research based on freight transport organisation survey. An empirical survey in which 349 freight transport service enterprises were examined allowed to reveal and estimate the most important factors influencing the competition intensity and the main firm-level factors that influence the companies’ competitiveness in the economic sector.
Verslo makroaplinkos komponentų ir veiksnių kompleksinis vertinimas
Authors: Žvirblis Algis
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje pristatomi sukurti verslo makroaplinkos komponentų ir veiksnių kompleksinio vertinimo principai ir metodai, taip pat adaptyvūs modeliai, skirti krovininio transporto paslaugų sektoriaus įmonių makroaplinkos kiekybiniam vertinimui.Verslo aplinkos vertinimui teikiama vis daugiau reikšmės ir visų pirma pagrindžiant strateginius rinkovados sprendimus, tačiau daugiausia yra taikoma kokybinė aplinkos komponentų analizė. Vis dėlto pastaruoju metu ypač pabrėžiamas kiekybinio vertinimo apskritai perspektyvumas, taigi neabejotinai aktualus ir jo taikymas vertinant verslo makroaplinką. Čia išdėstyta parengta kompleksinio vertinimo metodologija, kurioje integruota makroaplinkos veiksnių identifikacija, kokybinė analizė ir kiekybinis vertinimas. Jis atliekamas remiantis sukurtais adaptyviais modeliais ir daugiakriterine analize (konkrečiai pagrįstas kriterijų reikšmių ir jų reikšmingumų sandaugų sumavimo metodas) bei suformuluota kriterijų sistema, kuri lemia trijų pakopų kiekybinį makroaplinkos vertinimą.Ši metodologija taikyta tiriant ir kompleksiškai vertinant krovininio transporto paslaugų įmonės makroaplinką pagal status nuo situaciją ir perspektyvinę (trendo) situaciją, siekta išaiškinti naujas galimybes ir galimas grėsmes. Pabrėžtos adaptuoto programinio paketo MS Excel naudojimo galimybės.Rezultatų naujumą lemia kompleksinio verslo makroaplinkos vertinimo adaptyvių modelių sukūrimas, jų, kaip įrankio teoriškai pagrindžiant strateginius rinkovados sprendimus, panaudojimas.
Legal and Economic Reglamentation Aspects of Individual Enterprise Functioning
Authors: Perkumienė Dalia , Čiulevičienė Vida
Published: June 2020

The operation of individual enterprises established in Lithuania was regulated by various separate laws which caused much inconvenience. Therefore, the Lithuanian law on individual enterprises entered into force on 1 January 2004. The article aims to present the outstanding peculiarities of an individual enterprise as a legal entity which could be considered as advantages and disadvantages. The article considers the individual enterprise before and after the entry into force of the Lithuanian law on individual enterprises.
The Bot - Model for Financing Slovenia’s Railway Infrastructure Development
Authors: Romih Dejan , Dajčman Silvo , Oplotnik Žan Jan
Published: June 2020

The development of the railway infrastructure is of essential importance for Slovenia which lies at the crossing of V. and X. trans-European transport corridors and has been recently confronting the increasing road traffic and severe environmental conditions. To successfully cope with these challenges and achieve positive multiplicative macroeconomic effects of railway infrastructure investment the government formulated the Resolution on National Program of Public Railway Infrastructure Development (ReNPPRID). The investment program, its realization being planned for the period between 2005 and 2020, was divided into two parts: (i) the development part which includes investment to upgrade and enlarge the public railway infrastructure, and (ii) the regular part referring to implementation of public service and maintenance of existing infrastructure. Since the regular part is going to be financed from the state budget, we will focus only on the financing of those infrastructure projects that are included into the development part and promise a considerable quality improvement of the railway network and transport services.
Šiuolaikinė draudimo rinka ES šalyse ir Lietuvoje: analizė ir perspektyvos
Authors: Lezgovko Aleksandra , Lastauskas Povilas
Published: June 2020

Lietuvos draudimo rinka turi didelių plėtros galimybių. Jas patvirtina menki draudimo išsivystymo rodikliai. Be to, manytina, kad esama aplinka yra labai palanki plėtrai - vyksta socialinio draudimo perėjimas į privatų sektorių, užsienio kapitalo įmonės teikia gerosios patirties, didina kokybės reikalavimus, pastebima draudimo įmonių ir bankų integracija. Draudimo paslaugų teikimas šalies ekonomikai turi keleriopą poveikį: užtikrina finansinį stabilumą verslo įmonėms ir fiziniams asmenims, didina gyventojų taupymo normą, o tai savo ruožtu didina investicijas; mažina biudžeto lėšas, skiriamas socialinei apsaugai; visuomenė supažindinamo su galimomis rizikomis ir būdais, kaip jas valdyti. Visus šiuos pokyčius lėmė šalies integracija į Europos Sąjungos vidaus rinką ir besikeičiantis požiūris į finansų institucijų veiklą - pamažu įsigali vartotojų polinkis reikalauti kokybiškų paslaugų. Didėja gyventojų pasitikėjimas draudimo įmonėmis, keičiasi jų elgsena draudimo paslaugų pirkimo požiūriu.Šio straipsnio tikslai yra apžvelgti ir išryškinti ES šalių ir Lietuvos draudimo rinkos išsivystymo lygį, tendencijas, pagrindinius matus, nusakančius draudimo padėti šalių ekonomikoje.Tyrimo objektas - ES šalių ir Lietuvos draudimo rinka.Tyrimo uždaviniai - nustatyti dabartinio laikotarpio draudimo rinkos bruožus, pagrindinių rodiklių kitimo tempus ir bendrą kitimo tendenciją; pateikti draudimo rinkos raidos prognozę.Tyrimo metodai: literatūros analizė ir apibendrinimas, prognozavimas, ekspertinis vertinimas.
Jaunimo padėties šalies darbo rinkoje raidos tendencijos ir ją įvertinančių rodiklių metodinės skaičiavimo problemos
Authors: Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė Laima , Pocius Arūnas
Published: June 2020

Nors bendras nedarbo lygis nuo 2001 m. šalyje gana sparčiai mažėjo, jaunimo užimtumo ir integracijos į darbo rinką problemos vis tiek išliko aktualios. Dalis šalies jaunimo, norėdami susirasti patrauklias darbo vietas, išvyko į ES ir kitas užsienio šalis. Išryškėjo ir kitos nepalankios tendencijos - mažėja jaunimo aktyvumas šalies vidaus rinkoje. Nedarbas mažėjo labai sparčiai, tačiau daugelis anksčiau buvusių jaunų bedarbių taip ir nepapildė šalies dirbančiųjų gretų, o tapo ekonomikai neaktyviais gyventojais, kurie iškrito iš darbo rinkos. Dėl ekonomikai neaktyvių gyventojų gausėjimo tarp jaunimo šalies ūkis kasmet patiria nuostolių: nesukuriama dalis BVP, atsiradusio darbuotojų deficito sąlygomis lėtėja šalies ūkio raida.Šiame straipsnyje vertinama jaunimo padėtis darbo rinkoje atsižvelgiant į jos raidos tendencijas, tiriama tam tikrų veiksnių įtaka jaunimo nedarbui, atskleidžiamos tiriamos demografinės grupės padėties darbo rinkoje analizės tobulinimo galimybės, siūlomi nauji rodikliai jaunimo padėčiai darbo rinkoje vertinti. Tradiciškai susiklostė, kad vertinant jaunimo padėtį darbo rinkoje dažniausiai apsiribojama nedarbo lygio rodikliu. Tačiau siekiant ištirti nagrinėjamą problemą giliau, svarbu gerokai paįvairinti tyrimo instrumentarijų. Todėl vertindami jaunimo padėtį darbo rinkoje autoriai panaudojo daug papildomų nedarbą apibūdinančių rodiklių išryškinti įprasto jaunimo nedarbo lygio rodiklio trūkumus. Siekdami tiksliau aprašyti esamas darbo rinkos tendencijas ir išvengti esamos situacijos vertinimo iškraipymų, autoriai siūlo skaičiuoti harmonizuotą jaunimo nedarbo lygio rodiklį.
Personal Income Taxation in Poland
Authors: Małecka-Zieńska Edyta
Published: June 2020

The Polish taxation system has been undergoing substantial changes in recent years, aimed at creating a more transparent system and conforming to the taxation standards of market economy countries. The two most important changes were introduction of the personal income tax (PIT) in 1992 and replacement of the turnover tax with the value added tax (VAT) in 1993. The uniform personal income tax covered all incomes generated by natural persons irrespective of where the sources of income are located. The reform provided also a more equitable distribution of the tax burden by introducing a progressive system with three nominal tax rates (in 1992-20%, 30%, 40%).A comparative study of the effective PIT rate for pensioners and other groups of PIT payers is the main goal of this paper. The study refers to our own research on data received from The information of Polish Ministry of Finance about accounting of PIT in several subsequent years. Statistics cover a period from 1993 to 2003. However, numbers of taxpayers refer also to year 1992 when the PIT has been established and a period from 2004 to 2006.Concluding the situation in Poland, taxpayers with the highest income make exhaustive use of tax reductions. There are occurring situations when well-off people benefit more than people with relatively minor income (e. g. pensioners). It happens even if most of deductions were aimed generally at all taxpayers. Such a situation reduces the impression of the system fairness. Because tax deductions reduce budgetary revenues, the foregone revenues have to be compensated by other taxes or / and higher rates. Therefore, the system of deductions and relief, on the one hand, supports the special gains (e. g. house building), however, on the other it generates costs. It is possible that the reduction of tax rate for the I tax bracket and removal of some tax exemptions and deductions would make the Polish personal income tax more transparent, equal and simple.
Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics
Authors: Swatek Małgorzata
Published: June 2020

Economic transformation in Central and Eastern European countries is a very complex process widely discussed in the literature on the subject. It has also become the subject of research and analyses of New Institutional Economics which pays attention to new aspects of transformation. From the NIE perspective, transformation is a long-lasting process of changes of formal institutions, especially property rights and contracts, and informal institutions, such as ethical standards, conventions, religious beliefs and mentality of society. The success of the transformation depends on the degree to which new formal rules correspond to informal rules existing in society. The assessment of the quality of Central and Eastern European countries leaves a lot to be desired; the highest level was achieved by the EU member states, whereas the republics of the former USSR are in the worst situation. The underlying causes of such diversified results of political transformations are disparate historical traditions connected with the market economy and unequal preparation of societies to exist both in the free market conditions and in the diversified political, social and economic situation.The improvement of governing quality is a priority in post-communist countries. Achieving a positive institutional effect requires much time and consistent actions, but from the time perspective it is crucial in order to enjoy economic success.
Transformation Processes in Central and Eastern Europe: Liberalization, Integral Cultural Space and Social Environment for Economic Development
Authors: Melnikas Borisas
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to evaluate the main features of the creation and development of an integral cultural and economic space in Europe, the main problems of economic and social development and provision of equal rights in the context of the transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe.Transformation processes in Central and Eastern Europe are described. The new challenges for economic development and social-oriented changes are analysed.In the paper, results of a research done over the recent several years into the diagnostics of the problems of transformations as well as economic and social development in Central and Eastern Europe are used, with a focus on the development of the integral space and human rights.The major findings show that the creation and development of an integral space in Europe is a very complex and controversial process implying various problems and conflicts. Therefore, to encourage the creation of an integral space in Europe, appropriate cultural policies should be implemented. These policies may embrace many priorities includingthe preservation of cultural diversity;adaptation and dissemination of integrated European dimensions;elimination of factors incompatible with humanism and democracy in all European countries;provision of equal rights to all groups of society.For implementing the key priorities of cultural policies, a number of pan-European special programmes are suggested.New non-traditional ideas regarding the possible economic and social development of Central and Eastern Europe are discussed.
Algunos rasgos del habla femenina en la Cistellaria de Plauto
Authors: Cerdas Fallas Maricela
Published: June 2020

En la Antigüedad grecolatina se observaban diferencias en la forma de hablar de hombres y mujeres. Este artículo examina los diversos mecanismos que caracterizan el habla de personajes femeninos en la comedia Cistellaria, de Tito Maccio Plauto, autor romano del siglo II a. C.. Entre ellos se cuentan algunos juramentos normalmente usados por mujeres y fórmulas de cortesía, consideradas como un rasgo típico del habla femenina.
Femme fatale e intertextualidad, la onomástica en los poemas de Raúl Gómez Jaittin: Medea y Electra
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: June 2020

El poeta colombiano Raúl Gómez Jattin (1945-1997), una de las voces más prístinas y encomiadas de la poesía colombiana de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, publica el poemario Del amor (1988), en donde reúne una compleja intertextualidad basada en la mitología y en la historia cultural de la humanidad. Me interesa analizar, en este artículo, dos poemas en los que Gómez Jaittin da rienda suelta a esa concepción decadentista de la femme fatale, revisitando así las figuras de Medea y de Electra. Su detallismo preciosista y la voluptuosidad, que tira hacia el sadismo, hacen que la visión de la mujer se acerque a la poesía del cubano modernista Julián del Casal, quien ya nos proponía en su poesía tal figuración de un erotismo malsano y punzante.
The amount of lichen secondary metabolites in Cladonia foliacea (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota)
Authors: Farkas E. , Biró B. , Szabó K. , Veres K. , Csintalan Zs. , Engel R.
Published: June 2020

The terricolous species Cladonia foliacea (Cladoniaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) widely distributed in open, dry lowland steppe and rocky mountain grassland vegetation in Europe was chosen as a potential test organism for ecological experiments, since their thalli are producing cortical solar radiation-protective and UV screening pigment dibenzofuran usnic acid and medullary secondary substance depsidone fumarprotocetraric acid. Significant seasonal differences were found in the amounts of lichen secondary metabolites analysed by HPTLC and HPLC-PDA between summer and winter collected thalli in sandy grassland area in Hungary. The concentrations of usnic acid varied between 7.34 and 15.52 mg/g in summer collected samples and 13.90 and 21.61 mg/g in winter collected ones. A comparable amount (11.61±0.29 mg/g) was measured in pulverised samples. The concentrations of fumarprotocetraric acid varied between 0.60 and 3.01 mg/g in summer collected samples and 2.26 and 5.81 mg/g in winter collected thalli. A comparable amount (2.45±0.21 mg/g) was found in pulverised samples. The range of concentration values is comparable with data known from lichens. A higher amount of usnic acid is produced in winter probably to ensure sufficient protection also for summer. The fumarprotocetraric acid content of the medulla might contribute to the solar irradiation reflecting role of the pale lower surface lobes turning upwards in dry condition.
Family history of substance use disorders: Significance for mental health in young adults who gamble
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R.
Published: June 2020

Background

Although family history of psychiatric disorders has often been considered potentially useful in understanding clinical presentations in patients, it is less clear what a positive family history means for people who gamble in the general community. We sought to understand the clinical and cognitive impact of having a first-degree relative with a substance use disorder (SUD) in a sample of non-treatment seeking young adults.

Methods

576 participants (aged 18–29 years) who gambled at least five times in the preceding year undertook clinical and neurocognitive evaluations. Those with a first-degree relative with a SUD were compared to those without on a number of demographic, clinical and cognitive measures. We used Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to identify which variables (if any) were significantly associated with family history of SUDs, controlling for the influence of other variables on each other.

Results

180 (31.3%) participants had a first-degree family member with a SUD. In terms of clinical variables, family history of SUD was significantly associated with higher rates of substance use (alcohol, nicotine), higher rates of problem gambling, and higher occurrence of mental health disorders. Family history of SUD was also associated with more set-shifting problems (plus higher rates of obsessive-compulsive tendencies), lower quality of decision-making, and more spatial working memory errors.

Conclusions

These results indicate that gamblers with a first-degree family member with a SUD may have a unique clinical and cognition presentation. Understanding these differences may be relevant to developing more individualized treatment approaches for disordered gambling. Compulsivity may be important as a proxy of vulnerability towards addiction.
Statistical reasoning through metacognitive brain-based learning
Authors: Susilawati Wati , Abdullah Ridha , Abdullah M N
Published: June 2020

The low ability of students' statistical reasoning needs a promising learning innovation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate students' learning abilities through brain-based learning with metacognitive strategy. The Quasi Experiment Method, Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group design, involved a sample of two classes of third semester students from Gunung Djati Swadaya University Cirebon. Instruments of this paper are statistical reasoning test and statistical preliminary knowledge tests. The result shows an increase in the ability of statistical reasoning among students who conducted brain-based learning with metacognitive strategy in the smart category, higher than students who applied expository learning strategy that only classified as the moderate category. Based on initial statistical knowledge (low, middle, and high) students who applied brain-based learning with metacognitive strategy, got a higher level than students who applied expository learning strategy. It shows interaction between the type of learning as well as initial statistical knowledge with the escalation of the ability of statistical reasoning. Brain-based learning with metacognitive strategy facilitates the process of conflict, discovery, social interaction, and reflective processes of students. Therefore, students abilities of statistical reasoning are better than expository learning strategy.
Islamism in the Perception of the Teachers and the Students of Pesantren Mawaridussalam Deli Serdang North Sumatra
Authors: Lubis Dahlia
Published: June 2020

Many studies on pesantren in Indonesia put more emphasis only on the aspect of pesantren as the oldest Islamic educational institution in the archipelago, instead of any other aspects related to this type of educational institution. Recently, a growing number of studies have shifted their topic into one particular focus, namely radicalism or Islamism in pesantren. This paper aims to examine the responses of pesantren teachers and students to the term Islamism. This study has been conducted at Pesantren Mawaridussalam, an Islamic boarding school located in Batang Kuis village, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Specifically, this article elaborates on the responses of teachers and students to the issue of the Islamic state, shariazation (make Islamic law as the law of the state), democracy, and jihād (a struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam). The findings of this study indicate that the teachers and the students have varied understandings of Islamism. Some argue that the term is close to Islamists, while some others believe that it is identical to Islamists. Despite such understanding, most of the teachers and the students reject the use of violence in fighting for the ideals of Islam.
The Political-Religious Relations between Kurds and the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Meirison Meirison
Published: June 2020

The Kurds are an ethnic group that has undergone a lot of friction with other countries such as Persia, Arabia, Mongols, and Turkey. However, the Kurdish and the Ottoman Empire had established a completely distinct relation, including the mutual attraction of the Islamic Faith, school of thought, and the problem of nationalism. Islam discerns no people due to ethnicity they belong to, but it is a devotion that distinguishes their degree before God. This article attempts to examine how the Kurds have been able to survive under the auspices of the Ottoman Empire, an empire that was considered a substitute for the previous Islamic caliphate that ruled based on Islamic shari‘a. This study finds that the political and legal transformation in the body of the Ottoman Empire made the Kurds extremely depressed and agitated. This has subsequently brought about the rise of their nationalism and intention to establish an independent state. Unfortunately, this was difficult to realize since the map of the region is shaped by the winning countries of World War I. These countries did not recognize what so-called Kurdistan State. Besides, the surrounding countries like Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq did not want to lose their territory.
Radical Islamism as a Mode of Production
Authors: Hilmy Masdar
Published: June 2020

This article attempts to provide a breakthrough which I call mode of production theory. This theory will be employed to analyze the contemporary phenomenon of radical Islamism. The mode of production theory is meant to bridge the two clashing theoretical paradigms in social sciences and humanities, i.e., Weberian and Marxian. Despite its bridging nature, the paper argues that the two cannot be merged within one single thread. This is because each paradigm has its own epistemological basis which is irreconcilable to one another. Mostly adapted from Marx’s theory, the current theory of the mode of production covers five interrelated aspects, namely social, political, economic, cultural, and symbolic structures. If Marx’s mode of production theory heavily relies on a material and economic basis, the theory used in this paper accommodates cultural and symbolic structures that are Weberian in nature. Although the two paradigms can operate together, the strength of structure (Marxian) overpowers the strength of culture (Weberian). This paper further argues that such cultural-based aspects as ideology, norms, and values play as mobilizing factors under a big schematic dominant structure in the rise and development of the radical Islamist groups.
The Viewpoint of The Young Muhammadiyah Intellectuals towards The Religious Minority Groups in Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Syamsul , Muthohirin Nafik
Published: June 2020

Muhammadiyah keeps onto make a positive contribution to the progress of Indonesia. In the first century of its advent, Muhammadiyah focused on advancing education, health, and compensation to the du‘afā, while through the 47th Congress in Makassar (2015), Muhammadiyah had issued an important point which emphasizes on the minority groups. This article examines a number of issues dealing with the views that underlie young Muhammadiyah intellectuals in voicing partiality towards the religious minority, the role or form of alignments and the implications of these views on thought upheavals within Muhammadiyah internally and at the national level. The study finds that the young Muhammadiyah intellectuals play a pivotal role in fighting for the basic rights of a religious minority which continues to face the complicated problem of citizenship. The data has been focused on advocacy and intellectual works, including a literature review of statements of attitudes, published books, journals, research reports, and opinions in the national mainstream and alternative media.
Hakikati ve Mahiyeti Açısından Kur’ân’da Adalet Terazileri
Authors: ÇONKOR Burhan
Published: June 2020

Yüce kitabımız Kur’ân’ı Kerim’de, en çok üzerinde durulan konulardan biri ahiret hayatıdır. İnsanların dünya ve ahiret mutluluğu için inzâl edilmiş olması sebebiyle, başta ahiretin varlığı ve gerçekliği olmak üzere ilgili pek çok konuda bilgi ve uyarılar Kur’ân’da yer almaktadır. Âhirete dair âyetlerde ön plana çıkan en önemli hususlardan biri de dünya hayatında yapılan iyi ve kötü amellerin, ahirette mükâfat ve ceza olarak karşılık bulacağı, bu amaçla adalet terazilerinin kurulacağıdır. Ancak terazilerin hakikati, mahiyeti ve bu terazilerde amellerin hangi şekillerde tartılacağı gibi hususlarda İslam âlimleri arasında azımsanamayacak ölçüde ihtilaflar söz konusudur.Çalışmamızda, adalet terazileri konusu bütün yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Bu amaçla, konuyla bağlantılı olan âyetler tespit edilmiş, ilgili kavramlar üzerinde filolojik tahliller yapılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili rivâyetler ile klasik ve çağdaş dönem müfessirlerinin görüşleri araştırılarak, konu farklı başlıklar altında ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra ise başlıklar bazında değerlendirmelerimize yer verilerek çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Yaptığımız bu çalışmanın, Kur’ân’ı doğru anlama noktasında akademik çalışmalara katkı sunması umulmaktadır.
Kur’an ve Hadis Ekseninde Yetime Bakış
Authors: BOZ Mehmet Naim
Published: June 2020

İslâm dininin yüce öğütleri, hayatın her safhasında sosyal dayanışma ve yardımlaşmaya vurgu yapıp ve teşvik etmektedir. Teşvik edilen öğütlerden; Kur’ân ve hadis nasları yetim üzerinde titizlikle durmuş, erdemli bir hayat sürmesi için şartlar ve hükümler va’z etmiştir. İslâm, yetimin korunması, barınması, temsili, kefaleti, malının doğru değerlendirilmesi, ona şefkat ve merhametle yaklaşılmasını hedeflemiştir. Kur’ân-ı Kerîm nasları ve Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v.), yetimin hak ve hukukunun korunması hususunda insanlığın vicdanına seslenerek önleyici, teşvik edici emir ve yasaklar getirmiştir. Yetimle ilgilenilmesi, hak ve hukukunun korunması denilince sadece maddî ihtiyaçlarının korunması ve karşılanması şeklinde anlamak doğru bir yaklaşım değildir. Bilakis onun manevi ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının da karşılanması, kişiliğinin zedelenmemesi, topluma yararlı bir birey olarak yetişmesine katkı sağlamanın üzerinde önemle durulmuştur. Bu husus âyette şöyle beyan edilmektedir: “O halde sakın yetimi ezme”(Duhâ,93/9). Resûlullah’ın şahsında olan bu emir insanlığın dikkatini yetimin maddi ve manevi haklarına riayet edilmesine çekmektedir. Yetimin istismarcıların eline terkedilmemesi, sahip çıkılması, sevgi ortamının sağlanması ilgili nasların temel hedefidir. Aksi takdirde sevgi ortamından mahrum bırakılan yetimler, bir takım psikolojik sorunlarla boğuşurken, kendileri ve toplum için problem teşkil edebilmektedirler. Çalışmamızdaki temel amaç, çağımızda hızla gelişen ve değişen hayat şartlarına göre Kur’an ve hadis ekseninde yetimin hak-hukukuna riayet edilmesine dikkatleri çekmeye yöneliktir.
Associations of polyphenolic compounds consumption and the risk of dyslipidemia in the Siberian population
Authors: Batluk T. I. , Denisova D. V. , Berezovikova I. P. , Sherbakova L. V. , Malyutina S. K. , Ragino Y. I.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To identify associations of polyphenols consumption in general, as well as their classes with the risk of dyslipidemia in the population of Novosibirsk aged 45-69.

Material and methods. In 2003-2005, in the frames of the HAPIEE international project “Determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Eastern Europe: a multicenter cohort study” the population sample aged 45-69 (9360 people, 4266 men and 5094 women, average age - 57.6 years) was examined in Novosibirsk. For the analysis of nutrition, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used (141 product names). The content of polyphenolic compounds and their classes was evaluated using the European database Phenol-Explorer 3.6. The eating habits of the population and typically consumed foods were taken into account. The determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were carried out by enzymatic method. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed with cholesterol level greater than 5.0 mmol/l (190 mg/dL). Levels of HDL cholesterol <1.0 mmol/l in men and <1.2 mmol/l in women were considered as high-density lipoprotein hypocholesterolemia (hypoHDL-C). The concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated with the Friedewald formula (1972). HyperLDL-C was diagnosed if level of LDL cholesterol was <3.0 mmol / l.

Results. The chance of developing of hypercholesterolemia in the quartile with the highest consumption of “other polyphenols” was 20% less (OR 1.2 confidence interval (CI 1.01-0.14), p = 0.033), phenolic acids by 20% (OR 1.2 (CI 1.01-1.42), p = 0.04) and stilbenes by 37% (OR 1.37 (CI 1.15-1.64), p = 0.001) less than in the quartile of low consumption. The risk of developing hypoHDL-C was lower in the quartile of high polyphenols consumption in general by 18% (OR 1.18 (CI 1.002-1.4), p = 0.051), phenolic acids by 32% (OR 1.32 (CI 1.11-1.57), p = 0.001) and the groups of “other polyphenols” by 20% (OR 1.2 (CI 1.01-1.41), p = 0.04). The chance of hyperLDL-C in the high quartile of consumption of “other polyphenols” decreased by 16% (OR 1.16 (CI 1.002-1.355), p = 0.049) and lignans - by 33% (OR 1.33 (CI 1.14-1, 56), p <0.001) compared with low consumption.

Conclusion. Thus, the consumption of polyphenols in general and in classes (phenolic acids, stilbenes, and “other polyphenols”) decreased the risk of dyslipidemia in Siberian population.
Great Western railway electrification, UK: testing and commissioning
Authors: Griffiths Joanne , Jordan Ashley , Gardner Simon
Published: June 2020

The UK’s £3 billion Great Western railway electrification programme was completed in 2019, enabling electric trains to run from London to south Wales. This paper describes the complex testing and commissioning process required to bring the new overhead line system into service. Starting with testing the new overhead line equipment design on a dedicated 21 km test track in Leicestershire, the testing and commissioning then had to be undertaken in stages as the electrification work progressed, integrated with the railway and its legal and regulatory framework as a whole.
TAKAYASU ARTERİTİNDE TEK MERKEZ DENEYİMİ
Authors: LİMON Muhammet , TEZCAN Dilek , GÜLCEMAL Semral , YILMAZ Sema
Published: June 2020

Giriş-Amaç: Takayasu arteriti(TA), etyolojisi tam olarak bilinmeyen aorta ve ana
dalları olmak üzere büyük damarları etkileyen kronik granülomatöz büyük damar
vaskülitidir. Bu çalışma ile kliniğimizde takip edilen TA sıklığı ve tedavi cevapları
değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç-Yöntem: Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak Ocak
2016-Ekim 2019 arasında Romatoloji Bilim Dalında yapıldı. Çalışmaya 18 yaş
üzeri 1990 Amerika Romatoloji Cemiyeti Kriterlerine göre TA tanısı konulan 20
hasta dahil edildi. Bulgular: Kliniğimizde retrospektif
olarak değerlendirilen 20 tane TA hastasının 17 tanesi kadın, 3 tanesi
erkekti.  Hastaların yaş ortalaması 38,2
olarak bulundu. TA’lı hastaların ortalama sedimantasyon: 34 mm/s, CRP: 16 mg/L
olarak bulundu. RF ve ANCA bütün hastalarda negatif bulundu. TA’ya bağlı
vasküler tutulum değerlendirildiğinde %90 sıklıkta subklavian arter, %50
karotis arter, %40 abdominal aorta, %35 torasik aorta, %15 renal arter tutulumu
gözlendi. Medikal tedavide %100 kortikosteroid, %55 siklofosfamid, %45 metotreksat,
%25 azatioprin, %5 leflunomid, %5 tosilizumab kullanıldığı gözlendi. Geleneksel
tedavi (metotreksat, azatioprin, leflunomid) ile %45 hastanın remisyonda
olduğu, %10 hastanın dirençli olması nedeniyle siklofosfamid verildiği görüldü.
Hastaların %45’inde yaygın damar tutuluşu nedeniyle siklofosfamid ve kortikosteroid
kombinasyonu ilk tedavi olarak tercih edildiği görüldü. Siklofosfamid tedavisi
alan hastaların idamesinde sırayla %25 
infliksimab,%15 metotreksat,%10 azatioprin, %5  metotreksat ve azatioprin verilmiştir.Tartışma-Sonuç: Bu çalışmada TA’lı
hastaların demografik, klinik, anjiografik bulguları
ve medikal tedavi yanıtları değerlendirilmiştir. TA’nın demografik, klinik ve
anjiografi bulguları literatür ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. TA’nın medikal
tedavisinde kortikosteroidler ve metotreksat, azatioprin, leflunomid gibi geleneksel
tedaviler verilir. Geleneksel tedavilere dirençli olgularda anti-TNF, IL-6
blokeri verildiği gözlenmiştir.
Avaliação da Topografia de Superfície e Microdureza de Resinas Acrílicas e uma Resina Bisacrílica Submetidas a Diferentes Técnicas de Polimento
Authors: Santana de Ávila Eduardo Lima , Dos Reis Goyatá Luís Felipe , Almeida Simões Thamyryz Rafaela , Moreira Lanza Celia , Batista Novaes Júnior João , Moreno Amália , Talma Elissa , Barreiros Doche Ivan , Dos Reis Goyatá Frederico
Published: June 2020

Introdução: As resinas acrílicas são indicadas principalmente para a confecção de restaurações provisórias em prótese parcial fixa. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a influência de diferentes sistemas de polimento sobre a topografia de superfície e a microdureza de três resinas acrílicas: Dencôr, Dencrilay Speed, Duralay e uma resina bisacrílica: Proviplast.

Metodologia: Foram confeccionados 140 corpos de prova com uma matriz cilíndrica de silicone de dimensões de 5 x 2 mm (ISSO 4872) que foram distribuídos em quatorze grupos teste, de acordo com o polimento (n:10): ECS – escova de Carbeto de Silício, PBD – pontas de borracha impregnadas por diamante, PD – pasta diamantada e GL: aplicação do glaze. Os valores de rugosidade (Ra), Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e Microdureza (Ma) foram obtidos antes e após polimento realizado com os sistemas descritos.

Resultados: Os dados obtidos no estudo foram tabulados e analisados por ANOVA e o teste “t” de Student 5% (α = 0,05). Os valores de rugosidade variaram entre 0,05 e 6,2 µm sendo que a resina bisacrílica com glaze apresentou a menor média de rugosidade (0,05) e Dencrilay sem polimento apresentou o maior valor (6,2). Os valores de microdureza variaram entre 23,3 e 11,6 onde o Duralay com borracha abrasiva apresentou a maior média de microdureza (23,3) e Duralay com pasta o menor valor (11,6). Dentre os materiais testados, a resina bisacrílica com glaze obteve o menor valor de rugosidade de superfície e a resina Duralay com borracha obteve o maior valor de microdureza.
La coautoría impropia en los delitos comunes
Authors: Sánchez-Pérez Claudia Patricia
Published: June 2020

Propósito: el presente artículo de reflexión se centra en el concurso de personas en la comisión de la conducta punible; se dice que cuando el hecho delictivo es realizado por varias personas, resulta esencial identificar el grado de responsabilidad penal que le corresponde a cada una, según su aporte, se analizará específicamente la figura del coautor impropio en los delitos comunes.   Descripción: se describen las causas, consecuencias y salidas jurídicas para quienes intervienen en la comisión de la conducta punible según su grado de responsabilidad, evitando a usanza por la Fiscalía la formulación de cargos con penas exacerbadas.  Punto de vista: aunque existen elementos jurídicos, doctrinales y jurisprudenciales válidos para lograr hacer las distinciones acertadas sobre el grado de responsabilidad por la intervención en la comisión de conductas punibles, estos no se hacen valer por la agencia fiscal o por el abogado en su rol de defensor, aceptando formulación de cargos sin la verificación de cada uno de los elementos que estructuran la coautoría impropia.   Conclusiones: partiendo de los elementos estructurales de la coautoría impropia y de la interpretación de sus contenidos según la ley, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia sobre el dominio funcional del hecho y el concepto restrictivo de autor, se colige que tener en cuenta los parámetros ya establecidos, al momento de diferenciar la coautoría impropia de otras formas de participación, especialmente de la del cómplice, deriva en la formulación de cargos y el merecimiento de penas proporcionales a la participación real de una persona en la comisión de la conducta punible.
Ineficacia de la acción de repetición en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá. Estudio de caso, 2010-2016
Authors: Bustos Ortega Juan Sebastián , Rosas Sánchez Carlos Javier
Published: June 2020

Propósito: el propósito del presente escrito es establecer la eficacia de la acción de repetición y con ello determinar el impacto del medio de control en la recuperación dineraria invertida para el pago de sentencias judiciales en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá, en el periodo 2010-2016.  

Metodología: para lograr este objetivo, se planteó una investigación básica, con un tipo de estudio descriptivo, bajo el método de investigación deductivo, consultando fuentes estadísticas y valiéndose de la sistematización de datos para su análisis como técnica de recolección de información.  

Hallazgos: la responsabilidad civil extracontractual es una de las garantías propias de los Estados modernos, con la cual se busca dotar a la sociedad de mecanismos para ejercer el pago de indemnizaciones con ocasión a la conducta de los funcionarios públicos; por tanto, se han implementado en nuestra normatividad acciones o medios de control como mecanismos procesales habilitantes para solicitar el resarcimiento del perjuicio.  

Conclusiones: en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá, la eficacia de la acción de repetición en las vigencias 2010-2016 es nula, la Alcaldía tan solo ha iniciado tres acciones de las cuales una se archivó, frente a un total de 89 condenas en contra del municipio.
Desarrollo y validación de la Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva de la Infidelidad (ECI) para muestras colombianas
Authors: Riveros Munívar Fernando , Veloza Tello Valentina , Pedraza María alejandra
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: El presente estudio de tipo instrumental tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validar una escala cuya finalidad es evaluar la percepción de las personas frente a las cuatro dimensiones de la infidelidad–sexual, emocional, cognitiva y virtual–, a través de dos subdimensiones de la cognición –motivos y consecuencias–

Método: Para ello se realizó una tabla de especificaciones y se construyeron los ítems, los cuales fueron sometidos a validación por jueces. Se realizó el ajuste a la escala y esta fue aplicada a una muestra voluntaria de 301 participantes con edades entre los 18 y 70 años ( = 29.84; DE = 14.07), y que además contaran con habilidades cognitivas básicas de comprensión lectora.

Resultados: Tras realizar el análisis factorial exploratorio, se encontraron siete factores que explican el 48,64% de la varianza total acumulada, y el índice de extracción permitió la conservación de todos los ítems, modelo factorial confirmado, con adecuados niveles de bondad de ajuste (CFI = .910; RMSEA = .049). Además de ello, con el Alfa de Cronbach general de .84 se evidenció una alta confiabilidad de la escala y con un coeficiente de dos mitades de Guttman de .87 se encontró una fuerte relación entre dos mitades.

Conclusión: la Escala de Evaluación Cognitiva de Infidelidad es un instrumento pionero que permite evaluar con criterios de validez y confiabilidad el fenómeno de la infidelidad.
Semantic Network Analysis on Usage Behavior of Major Korean Walking Trails
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Tae-Sook , Jun Chae-Nam , Rhee Tae-Hwan
Published: June 2020

This study includes analysis of text data over the last 10 years (2009. 7- 2019. 6) from online portals and social media services targeting the JejuOlle, the JirisanDulle, and the Haeparang trails to identify the perception and use of walking trails. A network analysis was conducted on the collected data using Textom program, Ucinet and NodeXL. Characteristics of each of the three walking trails were identified. Specifically, the purpose of visit, types of companion, emotional image, accommodation, characteristics of the trail, famous sites of the trail, and other informative characteristics were derived using TF and TF-IDF values for each walking trail. As a result, interest trends and major keywords for each walking trail were determined. According to the findings of time series analysis by year, the data volume of Haeparang-gil has increased over time while there was no significant change in JejuOlle-gil, and interest in JirisanDulle-gil has decreased. Calculation of TF and TF-IDF values for keywords have indicated that the two significant words for JejuOlle-gil were ‘restaurant’ and ‘cafe’ while JirisanDulle-gil showed ‘pension’ and ‘B&B’, and ‘restaurant’ and ‘pension’ for Haeparang-gil. Moreover, findings upon sentiment analysis based on emotional vocabulary showed that all three walking trails had expressions such as ‘healing' and ‘happiness.’ It is expected that this study will be used as a fundamental reference to develop and improve contents that would fulfill walking travelers' needs.
Transfigurations of aging
Authors: Kaiser-Grolimund Andrea
Published: June 2020

To date, most social anthropological studies on aging in African contexts focus on care for poor older people provided by related others. The focus of this article is different as it focuses on older people with better financial means than the average: civil servants belonging to Dar es Salaam’s middle class. Furthermore, this contribution shifts the focus from care provided through related others to practices of everyday self-care, the care that these older people provide for themselves with the help of relatives in Tanzania and the USA. In order to stay healthy and cope with diagnosed chronic conditions, older participants in this study engage in physical exercises, eat ‘good food’, and go for regular medical check-ups. This article argues that these health-promoting self-care practices of older urban dwellers reflect changing experiences of aging, health, and care, and point to transfigurations of the social imaginary of aging in Dar es Salaam’s middle class.