bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KESIAPSIAGAAN PETUGAS DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA (STUDI KASUS DI BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH KABUPATEN NIAS UTARA
Authors: Telaumbanua Ya'adil , Nababan Donal , Tarigan Frida Lina , Warouw Sonny Priajaya , Siagian Mido Tua , Sitorus Mido Ester J.
Published: August 2022

To analyze the preparedness of officers to face disasters based on the administration of prevention and preparedness and HR preparedness at BPBD, a qualitative study was conducted at BPBD North Nias district, in January-June 2020. The informant of this study was snowball sampling which is part of nonprobability sampling. The objects observed or interviewed were the existing resources in the field of prevention and preparedness, namely 6 people, 1 Head of BPBD, 1 Head of Prevention and Preparedness, 1 Head of Prevention Section, 1 Head of Preparedness Section and 3 members. The data collection process will use interview, observation, and documentation methods. The results showed that the Prevention and Preparedness Policy in pre-disaster was not yet available. Coordination between related agencies was not well implemented, because there was no MOU. BPBD has not carried out monev and reporting, because there are no programmed preparedness activities, it is still limited to monitoring, evaluation and reporting when a disaster is reported per disaster event. The number of BPBD officers is adequate, but in terms of quality it is still not good, because all BPBD officers do not have a disaster education background and the lack of officers has received disaster training. BPBD has not maximally planned the Prevention and Preparedness activity program in disaster management. There needs to be formal coordination between related sectors during pre-disaster times, so that the activities of each agency during a disaster do not overlap in the field. BPBD needs to collaborate with related agencies, such as conducting joint training activities so that disaster management can run effectively and efficiently. SOPs need to be made starting from building organizational structures involved in disaster mitigation, compiling alternative plans by identifying potential obstacles, and ensuring the deadline for implementing the system with existing standards. Monitoring, evaluation and reporting are needed to assess the results obtained as a basis for future decisions. Officers Need to be provided with disaster education and training on an ongoing basis, in the context of developing and enhancing the skills and abilities of officers in carrying out disaster management efforts quickly and precisely. BPBD needs to make good planning and organization included in the BPBD budget, so that all activities that have been set out in the plan can run according to procedures so that all objectives can be achieved.
HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA, PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU DENGAN KESIAPAN MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN PADA MASA PREMENOPAUSE
Authors: Nopita Novita Sari , Murdinigsih Murdinigsih , Handayani Sri
Published: August 2022

Premenopause is a transitional phase experienced by womentowards menopause, this phase is a physiological condition in women who have entered the aging process, which is characterized by decreased levels of the hormone estrogen from the ovaries. The period can occur for 2-5 years before menopause. This study aims determinan the relationship support mothers knowledge and attitude with village change readliness in Premenopause district, Padang city, capacity city age 45-50 years old years 2021.This type of research is Qualitative research with a Cross-Sectional research design approach, namely the type of research that emphasizes the measurement time of observation of the independent and dependent variabels at the same time.The population and sample of the study were all premenopause women in Padang city aged 45-50 years totaling 36 people. The result showed that there was a relationship between family support,knowledge and attitude of mothers simultaneously with readlines to accept change in the Premenopause period of mothers aged 45-50 years.Â Â Â  Readdiness to face premenopause changes to mothers aged 45-50 years.
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KeywordsÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  : Premenopause, Family Support, Knowledge, Attitude
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN INDEKS TEKANAN PANAS DENGAN TINGKAT KELELAHAN KERJA DI PROYEK KONSTRUKSI LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT (LRT) JABODEBEK DEPO JATIMULYA
Authors: Hartanindya Raymond Luthfi , Ramdhan Doni Hikmat
Published: August 2022

Tekanan panas juga diartikan sebagai batasan kemampuan penerimaan panas yang diterima pekerja dari kontribusi kombinasi metabolisme tubuh akibat melakukan pekerjaan dan faktor lingkungan. Kelelahan menunjukkan kondisi yang berbeda beda dari setiap individu, tetapi semuanya bermuara pada kehilangan efisiensi dan penurunan kapasitas kerja serta ketahanan tubuh. Pengaruh tekanan panas terhadap kelelahan telah banyak diteliti namun belum banyak yang meneliti hal tersebut di sektor konstruksi pembangunan prasarana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara indeks tekanan panas terhadap kelelahan kerja pekerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode potong lintang. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh pekerja yang berada di proyek yang diambil datanya menggunakan kuesioner dan suhu lingkungan yang diukur menggunakan thermal environmental monitor quest. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara indeks tekanan panas dan kelelahan yang dialami pekerja. Perlu adanya pengendalian dalam bentuk rekayasa teknik, pengaturan shift kerja, pengadaan program kesehatan dan pemakaian coverall berbahan cotton combed yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi pajanan panas yang dialami pekerja.
Execution of Fiduciary Guarantee by Auction Way
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia, Badriyah Siti Malikhatun , Suharto R. , Marjo Marjo , Saptono Hendro , Mas’ut Mas’ut
Published: August 2022

The execution of fiduciary guarantee objects in the event of a debtor in default can be carried out in several ways, one of which is by auction. This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of the auction in the execution of fiduciary guarantee objects and legal protection for the parties. This study uses the socio-legal method with library research to obtain secondary data related to auctions and field research to obtain primary data with the implementation and legal protection of the parties in the auction of fiduciary guarantees. The concepts and theories used are the concept of auction, fiduciary guarantee, execution, legal protection. The results of the study indicate that the auction of fiduciary guarantee objects is used by creditors in the event that the debtor is in default. Legal protection for the parties is carried out both preventively and repressively.
Coordination compounds for rheological and physical-chemical regularity of energy consumption decrease while transporting crude oils
Authors: NURULLAYEV Vali , TACİ Usubaliyev Baybala , RAMAZAN Gurbanov Gusein , ARİF Abdullayeva Zeynab , VALİYADDİN Gasimzadeh Aysel , MAXSUD Hasanova Matanat
Published: August 2022

For the first time, complex compound of zinc (II) 1, 2, 4, 5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid with a porous structure was synthesized. Individuality and chemical formula of a complex compound was determined according to X-ray diffraction, elemental, IR spectroscopy and derivatographic analysis. The process of thermal decomposition of the resulting compound was also studied. It is also found that, despite the fact that the parameters of the unit cell of the crystal are significantly different from the known complex, it retains its layered polymer and porous structure. Recently, high-viscosity oil fields, where non-Newtonian crudes are met, are rapidly developed.
EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON AERENCHYMA FORMATION AND GROWTH OF WHEAT PLANTS
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanov R.S. , Timergalina L.N. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedyaev V.V. ,   Department of Biology, Bashkir State University,, Seldimirova O.A. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Galin I.R. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Veselov D.S. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

Hypoxia as a stress condition occurs due to a decrease in the availability of oxygen in the environment as a result of natural waterlogging of soils or suboptimal watering. In laboratory conditions, when growing plants in hydroponics, hypoxia was modeled by stopping the aeration of the nutrient solution, which led to a rapid decrease of oxygen concentration in it. Under these conditions was observed, the formation of aerenchyma, through which oxygen can penetrate the roots from the shoot. In addition, the luminescence of berberine complexes with lignin and suberin in the cell membranes of the outer layers of the cortex increased, which indicates the beginning of the formation of apoplastic barriers in this area, which in turn can reduce the diffusion of oxygen into the solution on the way of its transport to the apical part of the root along aerenchyma. In the morphological features the most striking was the decrease in the length of the root under hypoxic conditions, which reduses the path of oxygen transport from the shoot to the root tips. However, the decrease in the rate of shoot growth and photosynthesis under the influence of hypoxia was insignificant, which confirms the adaptive significance of the aerenchyma and apoplast barriers formation that provide oxygen supply to the roots.
Education Services for Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Prastyanti Shinta , Adi Tri Nugroho , Ramos Emilio , Windiasih Rili
Published: August 2022

The Corona Virus Disease 19 currently has disrupted all aspects of life, including education. The teachers and students have to adapt to the studying and learning process and how to serve students. This phenomenon is important and interesting to study. The research uses a qualitative case study method with data collection through observation, dialogical interviews, Focus Group Discussion, Participatory Decision Making, and documentation analysis. Informants are teachers represented from the fifth-grade elementary schools, both urban and rural areas, besides the principals, educational leaders, and practitioners in the District of Banyumas, the Province of Middle Java, Indonesia. The research analysis uses interactive analysis starting from data collection, data reduction, verification, and triangulation till the conclusion drawing. The results showed that teachers and students in research areas alike experienced technological disruption both in the educational process or services to students during the pandemic as an effect of the changing of studying learning methods from face-to-face to online. Another result found the use of digital media in the process of implementing and evaluating the studying learning process hurts boredom, lack of concentration on the lesson, and humanistic interaction with other students. In contrast, the result also found a positive impact such as interesting and innovative digital applications that can support the educational process during that pandemic. It is necessary to socialize, adapt, adopt innovation and increase competence for teachers and students, especially in the use of digital-based learning media and applications (online) including quality assurance of the education implementation and evaluation process.
Differential expression of ZNF579 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: August 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ZNF579, encoding zinc finger protein 579, in primary fibroblasts of patients with sporadic ALS (SALS). ZNF579 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in SALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of sporadic ALS.
Talking about the absent and the abstract: referential communication in language and gesture
Authors: Luchkina Elena , waxman sandra
Published: August 2022

Human language permits us to call to mind objects, events, and ideas that we cannot witness directly, either because they are absent or because they have no physical form (e.g., people we have not met, concepts like ‘justice’). What enables language to transmit such knowledge? We propose that a referential link between words, referents, and mental representations of those referents is key. This link enables us to form, access, and modify mental representations even when the referents themselves are absent (‘absent reference’). In this review we consider the developmental and evolutionary origins of absent reference, integrating previously disparate literatures on absent reference in language and gesture in very young humans and gesture in non-human primates. We first evaluate when and how infants acquire absent reference during the process of language acquisition. With this as a foundation, we consider the evidence for absent reference in gesture in infants and in non-human primates. Finally, having woven these literatures together, we highlight new lines of research that promise to sharpen our understanding of the development of reference and its role in learning about the absent and the abstract.
Pumped Storage Hydropower: A Grid Intermittency Solution
Authors: Desai Samuel
Published: August 2022

As public pressure and state emissions targets increasingly promote grid decarbonization, society must find solutions to the intermittency problem of renewable energy. While several emerging battery technologies provide a solution to this problem, pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is the most promising given its long lifecycle and widespread deployment. This paper will analyze and compare PSH with other battery technologies, review existing funding opportunities, and provide recommendations on how the United States government can effectively promote grid sustainability. By repurposing abandoned mountaintop removal coal mining sites, the government can increase PSH capacity.
Exploring the relationship between oculomotor preparation and gaze-cued covert shifts in attention
Authors: Parker Samantha , Ramsey Richard
Published: August 2022

Eye gaze plays dual perceptual and social roles in everyday life. Gaze allows us to select information, whilst also indicating to others where we are attending. There are situations, however, where revealing the locus of our attention is not adaptive, such as when playing competitive sports or confronting an aggressor. It is in these circumstances that covert shifts in attention are assumed to play an essential role. Despite this assumption, few studies have explored the relationship between covert shifts in attention and eye movements within social contexts. In the present study, we explore this relationship using the saccadic dual-task in combination with the gaze-cueing paradigm. Across two experiments, participants prepared an eye movement or fixated centrally. At the same time, spatial attention was cued with a social (gaze) or non-social (arrow) cue. We used an evidence accumulation model to quantify the contributions of both spatial attention and eye movement preparation to performance on a Landolt gap detection task. Importantly, this computational approach allowed us to extract a measure of performance that could unambiguously compare covert and overt orienting in social and non-social cueing tasks for the first time. Our results revealed that covert and overt orienting make separable contributions to perception during gaze-cueing, and that the relationship between these two types of orienting was similar for both social and non-social cueing. Therefore, our results suggest that covert and overt shifts in attention may be mediated by independent underlying mechanisms that are invariant to social context.
Impulsivity and self-control as timeless concepts: A conceptual analysis of preferences in intertemporal choice
Authors: van Baal Simon Thomas , Walasek Lukasz , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio , Hohwy Jakob
Published: August 2022

Intertemporal choice tasks are used to measure how people make decisions between outcomes spaced out in time. Measurements from those tasks are often used to study impulsivity and self-control, concepts central in theories and empirical research concerning addiction, substance use, psychopathology, and organisational behaviour, among many. Accordingly, preferences for smaller rewards received sooner, over larger rewards received later, have been linked to higher impulsivity and less self-control. This paper is a critique of that approach. To present our argument, we first provide a historical overview of research on time preferences tracking the theoretical link between intertemporal choice, impulsivity, and self-control. Our subsequent conceptual analysis reveals that impulsivity concerns a lack of reflection on one’s choices, not a lack of concern with the future, and self-control concerns internal conflict due to temptation, rather than future-orientedness. People may, and do, use self-control to choose a "smaller-sooner" reward or impulsively select a "larger-later" reward. We also address technical limitations pertaining to the reliability, external and predictive validity of intertemporal choice tasks. We argue that, therefore, impulsivity and self-control cannot be measured using a standard intertemporal choice task. We canvass possible future directions for decision-making models in this area, providing the basis for new understanding of how impulsivity, self-control, and time preferences influence behaviour across different domains. We suggest that to study impulsivity and self-control in a temporal context, more information is needed about agents’ motivation and deliberative process.
What I wanted vs what I have: Impact of pre and post marital expectations on marital satisfaction of married young adults
Authors: JOURNAL SJRSS , Fawad Rameen , Shahid Mahnoor , Shamim Parisey
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to ascertain pre-marital and post-marital expectations, the differences between pre- and post-marital expectations, and the impact of post-marital expectations on current marital satisfaction. This study employs a mixed design with a correlational technique. This study includes 164 married young adults (n=75 males & n=89 females) in Pakistan, all of whom have been married for at least six months and are between the ages of 19 and 40. The sampling technique employed is convenience-based. In this study, the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI-16) and the Marital Scales are utilised as measures (Pre and Post Forms). The demographic information sheet was presented first, followed by the CSI-16, and then the Marital Scales, with the pre-marital form being presented first and the post-marital form being presented second. According to findings, there is a significant difference between pre- and post-marriage expectations. In addition, post-marriage expectations were found to impact participants' current marital satisfaction. The majority of the participants were female, employed, parents, upper middle class, and part of a joint family. This study contributes to the existing literature on pre-marital and post-marital expectations and marital satisfaction, can be used in marital therapy, can be applied to the culture and context of Pakistan, and offers an explanation of certain marital expectations and their impact on marital satisfaction.
Analisis Perbandingan Biaya Transaksi dan Persepsi Peminjam terhadap Prosedur Peminjaman pada Lembaga Keuangan di Kecamatan Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Zakri Muhammad , Rifai Ahmad , Kausar Kausar
Published: August 2022

Sektor keuangan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu sektor yang memiliki peranan penting dalam mendorong peningkatan perekonomian nasional dan ekonomi masyarakat. Masih banyak lembaga keuangan yang membuat sulit dan memberatkan perekonomian masyarakat, karena harus membayar biaya transaksi yang lebih mahal. Semakin tinggi biaya transaksi maka semakin tidak efisien suatu lembaga keuangan. Kecamatan Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang memiliki beberapa lembaga keuangan diantaranya adalah Bank BRI, UPK Bantan Pesisir dan Unit Usaha Simpan Pinjam BUMDesa Mandiri Sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: pertama mengetahui prosedur peminjaman. Kedua, menghitung total besaran biaya transaksi. Ketiga menganalisis persepsi peminjam terhadap prosedur peminjaman pada masing-masing lembaga keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, jumlah sampel 30 dimana masing-masing lembaga keuangan di ambil 10 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Unit Usaha Simpan Pinjam BUMDesa Mandiri Sejahtera memiliki proses prosedur pinjaman yang paling banyak dan panjang yaitu sebanyak 10 prosedur, peminjam lebih efisien menggunakan prosedur peminjaman pada Bank BRI dan UPK Bantan Pesisir. Bank BRI jenis pinjaman KUR lebih efisien dalam penetapan biaya transaksi karena total biaya transaksi lebih kecil dibanding lembaga keuangan lainnya. Persepsi peminjam terhadap prosedur peminjaman pada Bank BRI mendapatkan skor rata-rata dengan kategori sangat baik, sedangkan UPK Bantan Pesisir mendapatkan skor rata-rata dengan kategori baik, dan Unit Usaha Simpan Pinjam BUMDesa Mandiri Sejahtera mendapatkan  skor rata-rata dengan kategori baik. Namun masih terdapat kekurangan pada variabel kecepatan pelaksanaan di lembaga keuangan Unit Usaha Simpan Pinjam BUMDesa Mandiri Sejahtera, peminjam berpendapat bahwa masih banyak hambatan dalam pencairan dana seperti lambatnya proses pencairan dana pinjaman.
Kedudukan Perempuan Dalam Masyarakat Hukum Adat Melayu Riau
Authors: Saragih Geofani Milthree , Triwanda Yoga , Akmal Zainul
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this paper is to determine the position and role of women in the Riau Malay customary law community and to find out the Rights and Obligations of Women in Leadership and Election of Riau Malay Customary Heads. It was found for the first time that the position and role of women in indigenous peoples in Riau differed between regions. This is because the customary system in Riau also varies from one region to another. The two rights and obligations of women in the Leadership and Election of Customary Heads are not too big. women do not even have the right to become tribal leaders, but in certain areas women have the special right to reject the chosen adat leader. This may result in re-election, provided it is in accordance with custom.
Analisis Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap UMKM Jasa di Kota Pekanbaru (Studi Kasus UMKM Jasa Penjahit)
Authors: Devi Ika Rama , Pailis Eka Armas
Published: August 2022

The position of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) has very important function for a region, especially as one of the pioneers of regional economic growth. The activities of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are one way for regional creative products to be recognized and provide business opportunities for business actors in the region. MSMEs 4.0 are starting to recognize advances in computerization, artificial intelligence, robotics, and materials science that can accelerate the shift towards more environmentally friendly products of all types. This study aims to see the impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on the condition of MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pekanbaru City. Practically, the results of this study obtained information about the condition of MSMEs and as a reference for comparison. The research was carried out for 1 month from December 2021. The research method used was descriptive quantitative using snowball sampling technique with information sources in the form of questionnaire interviews with the number of samples found 42 MSME Tailor Services. . The results of research on operating profits obtained by tailoring SMEs in Pekanbaru City during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a decrease in turnover. The data illustrates that there are still many tailoring service businesses that do not know the potential of their business so they cannot read market opportunities. The PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy implemented by the government which closed school and office children was the main cause of the decline in the income of service business owners. The step that must be taken by business owners to deal with the impact of the Covid19 pandemic is to develop social and digital strategies to respond to changes that occur in the market by implementing social and digital strategies to respond to changes in the market market by implementing social and digital strategy development.
Analisis Location Quotient Kabupaten Kampar Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Meiliza Shelly
Published: August 2022

This study aims to analyze what sectors are included in the basic and non-base sectors in encouraging economic growth in Kampar Regency in 2016-2020. This study uses secondary data obtained from the website of the Central Statistics Agency of Kampar Regency with a time span of 2016 to 2020. The analytical technique used is Location Quotient (LQ) analysis.The results of the LQ analysis show that of the 17 economic sectors, there are 4 sectors that are the basis of the sector or superior in Kampar Regency with an average LQ greater than 1, namely the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector, mining and mining sector, real estate sector and service sector. education. These sectors are the basis of the sector or superior, meaning that these sectors have been able to meet the needs of their own regions. In general, it can also be interpreted that the base sectors are not only able to produce to meet the needs of their own regions, but are also able to provide for the needs of other regions.
Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Rupiah dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Terhadap Neraca Transaksi Berjalan di Indonesia Tahun 2004-2020
Authors: Ananda Rexa
Published: August 2022

This research aims to know how the influence of the rupiah exchange rate, BI rate, and GDP on the current account balance in Indonesian in 2004-2020. This research uses independent variables of The Rupiah Exchange, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and dependent variable is The Current Account Balance in Indonesian. The data used in this research is annual data from 2004-2020. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results showed that the Rupiah Exchange Rate variable had a negative and insignificant effect on the Current Account Balance in Indonesia for 2004-2020.  it also showed that GDP has a significant negative effect on the Current Account in Indonesia in 2004-2020.
Analisis Kondisi UMKM pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Kota Pekanbaru (Studi Kasus UMKM Makanan dan Minuman)
Authors: Zahidi Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in increasing the country's gross domestic product. However, since COVID-19 hit the world at the end of 2019, as well as various government policies that were in effect in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic, many business actors experienced a drastic decrease in income and not a few were unable to maintain their businesses which led to closure, one of which was the food and beverage business. This study aims to get an overview of the condition of MSMEs in the food and beverage sector during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pekanbaru City. The research was carried out for 2 months from August to September 2021. The research method used was descriptive quantitative using purposive sampling technique with the source of information in the form of questionnaire interviews with a sample of 100 food and beverage MSMEs. The results showed that the profit obtained by food and beverage MSMEs in Pekanbaru City during the COVID-19 pandemic has quite diverse numbers with the highest dominance of profit <50 million as 62 MSMEs, followed by 24 MSMEs for profits of 50 million-<100 million. This data shows that food and beverage MSMEs are still unable to maximize their business potential, one of which is caused by COVID-19 and the policies that applied by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Large-Scale Social Restrictions policy implemented by the government requires business owners to cut business active time only up to 9 pm and reduce the number of consumers by 50% for dine-in. The government's policy of limiting business hours during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important factor in the decrease in food and beverage MSMEs business income during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Analisis Usaha Industri Makanan Pancake Durian Di Kota Pekanbaru Pada Masa Sebelum dan Pada Saat Pendemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus: Mega Rasa Pekanbaru)
Authors: Pratiwi Vivin
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the profits and business efficiency of the Mega Rasa durian pancake food industry in Pekanbaru City before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Determination of the sample This study uses purposive sampling. The sample used is the durian pancake industry Mega Rasa Pekanbaru. This study uses the t-test analysis method using the SPSS (Statistical Product And Service Solutions) program. The results showed that the average profit of the Mega Rasa durian pancake business in Pekanbaru City in the pre-covid-19 period was Rp. 10,439,750 with an efficiency of 1.417636872 and during the covid-19 pandemic the average profit was Rp. 7,040,667 with an efficiency of 1.343791801. Judging from the results of the t-test of 7.012 and alpha of 0.05 and significant (2-tailed) of 0.00, which indicates that the significant value (2-tailed) < alpha (0.05), means that H0 is rejected, Ha is accepted. which means that there is a real difference between the profits of the Mega Rasa durian pancake business in Pekanbaru City in the pre-covid period and during the covid-19 pandemic.
A Study of Part-Time Worker Students at the Postgraduate Level
Authors: Khanal Basudeb
Published: August 2022

This paper attempts to analyze a study of part-time worker students at the postgraduate level in economics education in Kathmandu valley. The students who continue their postgraduate studies and jobs are known as part-time working students. This paper is based on a qualitative research design. Data were collected from in-depth personal interviews. For this purpose, four students were purposively selected covering gender from the first and second semesters. This paper has two-fold findings: most students engage in part-time work to gain thirst and survival and develop future working experience in the second. However, both types of students reported that part-time jobs support a lower survival level, which has disrupted their study. Furthermore, both types of students involved in part-time work do not seem satisfied with their job and study.
Nepal can be hub for Medical/Paramedical students of the world: A big business to contribute in Nepalese Economy
Authors: Upadhyay Dhungel Kshitiz
Published: August 2022

Editorial
Study of the Variations of Asterion, Pterion & Inion in Human Dry Skulls & its Anthropological importance
Authors: Yadav Sudeep Kumar , Shrestha Anusuya , Pandey Niraj , Yadav Bijendra Prasad , Yadav Pranav , Sharma Amrita , Yadav Sarita , Yadav Urmila
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: Asterion is the meeting point of three bones namely parietal, temporal and occipital bones in the norma lateralis of all human skulls the variations showed a pattern of formations. Pterion is the point of convergence of the sutures between the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and squamous temporal bones. Asterion have profound surgical importance. 

Materials and methods: Good intact skulls from different medical college of Nepal were used for the present study. Each skull was studied in detail regarding the formation of Asterion, Pterion on both sides and associated findings were observed. Sixty eight dry unknown human skulls constituted the materials for the present study. The observation was made on Asterion, Pterion & Inion. This study was done in the departments of Anatomy in different medical colleges of Nepal between the years 2019-2021.

Results: Incidence of asterion with wormian bones  on the right side  was 4.41% that of the left side 5.88%. More number of H shaped pterion on the right side [80.82%} than on left side [70.94%).  Presence of Wormian bones more on the right  side [7.69%] than on the left side [2.94%) were observed.

Conclusion: The knowledge of the formation of asterion and the presence of wormian bones in the sutures at the site and its effect should be known not only to the Anatomists but also to the Radiologist and the Neurosurgeons because it has profound neurosurgical importance. Hence this study has been done and reported.
Access to health services and health inequalities in remote and rural areas
Authors: Osadolor Obehi O , Osadolor Aisosa J. , Osadolor Owens O. , Enabulele Eunice , Akaji Ezi A , Odiowaya Davidson E.
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Access to health care includes the availability, accessibility, awareness, accommodation or adequacy, affordability, and acceptability of health services. Scarce health facilities, long distances to health facilities, shortages of medicine, level of poverty, shortages of doctors, dentists, and other health professionals, level of education and knowledge among populace  on orthodox treatment practices are factors that affects access to health care. Level of awareness among the populace of preventive and curative services offered by health facilities, absence of health insurance, and inability to afford the cost of health services are obstacles limiting rural people from recognizing and achieving the health and social related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), that requires that access to good quality healthcare is improved significantly in rural areas and under-served population.

Health inequalities exist both between and within developed and developing countries, both between and within urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Health inequalities are determined by various socioeconomic factors: such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, income, social status, unemployment and place of residence of the population. The factors that give rise to, and worsen, inequalities in health are multidimensional. Interventions in addressing health inequalities would involve economic policies, strategic health planning, health education on avoidable risk factors for poor health, use of telemedicine/tele dentistry, and reduction of unmet healthcare needs among various population groups. Other interventions are poverty eradication interventions especially in remote and rural areas, healthcare financing through budgetary allocation, and improving access to health service through universal health coverage, with an organized and efficient health system.
Clinical Profile of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Yadav Aditya Prakash , Raya Akash , Rai Binod Kumar , Shah Rabin Pratap
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: Acute pancreatitis is a disorder that has a wide-ranging presentation, etiology, multifactorial pathogenesisandclinicalconsequencesfrommildselflimitingtoseverelife threatening. The aim of this study is to evaluate demographic characteristics, etiology, clinical presentation and its management.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Department of Surgery of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital. A total of45 patients with diagnosis as acute pancreatitis over period of March 2020 to February 2022 were included in this study. History and detailed clinical examination was performed as per the working proforma which included. Chi square test were used for correlation analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences), version 25.

Results: Most of acute pancreatitis were seen in 20-39 years of age group with mean age of 39.7 years. 66.6% patients were female. Gall stone was the most common cause (71.1% patients) of pancreatitis. Abdominal pain was the most common mode of presentation, and tenderness the most common sign. Most of the patients were managed conservatively. Median hospital stay was 9 days.

Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is a common cause of acute abdomen in patients presenting to the emergency department. Gall stone is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis .Clinical diagnosis along with biochemical and radiological findings are required for diagnosis .The management is mainly conservative.
Knowledge regarding health hazards on cell phone use among higher secondary level students in a metropolitan city of Nepal
Authors: Dawadi Shova , Chaudhary Tanuja Kumari , Rijhal Mala
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives: Due to wide spread use of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phones they have become indispensable as communication tools and any consequent in biological effects should be important  as a high-priority environmental health issue. Their use without any knowledge of their harmful effects is unsafe.  The objectives of this study was to findout Knowledge regarding health hazards on cell phone use among Higher Secondary Level Students, Birgunj.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was used. Sample size was 111 higher secondary level students.  Non-probability sampling techniques was used to selected College and class XI and XII. Whereas, 750 students were class XI with 8 section and class run in morning and day shift. Similarly, class XII had 700 students with 6 section and class run in morning and day shift. Out of 1450 students, 61 students from grade XI and 50 students from grade XII, altogether 111 students were selected respectively by using Stratified Sampling technique from proportionate method. Self- Administered Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 17. Data was analyzed by using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean) and inferential statistics (chi square test) to identify association between level of knowledge with selected variables.

Results: The finding of the study showed that all most (89.2%) respondents had poor level of knowledge and only 12 (10.8%) respondents had average level of knowledge. Almost all (98.2%) respondents had cell phone among them 78 (71.6%) have smart phone. In the inferential statistics there were statistically significant association (p<0.05) between level of knowledge and grade (0.003).

Conclusion: This study concluded that knowledge regarding health hazards on cell phone use is poor among higher secondary level students. Some educational intervention need to organized on this topic by giving different programs on television, radio, newspaper, and internet to discourage unhealthy practice of cell phone.
Geopolymerization Behaviour of Red and White Clays
Authors: Pathak Arvind , Ranjit Arpana , Dhakal Bijaya
Published: August 2022

Construction is one of the most important activities increasing the demand for Portland cement resulting significant amount of CO2 emission, natural resources degradation, and a high amount of energy consumption. The use of geopolymer has been studied as a potential substitute for Portland cement. Geopolymers are environmentally-friendly binding materials that are produced by the polymerization of alumino-silicates in presence of alkali polysilicates forming Si-O-Al bonds, which are used for several building applications. In this study, red and white clays which contain solid alumino-silicate have shown reactive in presence of an alkaline activator. The addition of lime has shown improvement in the mechanical and physical properties of the geopolymer products. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of the product have shown the formation of aluminosilicate gel in the geopolymeric product. The maximum compressive strength of the geopolymer products RCW and RWL were achieved to be 15.91 and 20.30 MPa, respectively. Such geopolymer products are in good agreement with cementitious products and can be used in building applications.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Study of Synthesized Lauha Bhasma
Authors: Paudel Rajesh , Karn Gopinand , Aryal Girija , Giri Jyoti , Adhikari Rameshwar , Sharma Motee Lal
Published: August 2022

Bhasmas are prepared from metallic and herbal ingredients and are also referred to as herbo-metallic preparations. Lauha bhasma (LB) is one of the iron-based herbo-metallic preparations used in Ayurvedic medicine for treating various ailments due to iron deficiency. The preparation of LB involves normal purification (samanya sodhana), special purification(vishesha sodhana) followed by drying under sunlight (bhanupaka), heating in a frying pan (sthalipaka), and calcination (putapaka) with Triphala kwatha as a medium under the temperature of 650 oC in an electric muffle furnace (EMF) and maintained for 1 hour. LB is subjected to different physicochemical analysis and modern analytical methods using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Spectroscopy (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Prepared LB is also undertaken to antibacterial study and is compared with market samples. The results suggest that organoleptic characters, preliminary test, and the physicochemical result of LB suggest that these steps were necessary to obtain a good quality of bhasma and also make it acceptable during the Bhasmikarna process. From physicochemical analysis data, it was observed the negligible moisture content (0.42 %; loss on drying), total ash value (17.3 %), acid insoluble ash value (7.6 %). It was observed that LB was prepared in 21 puta where the average crystalline size was found to be 57.23 nm from XRD spectra. SEM analysis shows the fine coarse structure with a uniform particle size of LB. EDX graph shows the presence of Fe (75.43 %) as a major element.FTIR spectra suggest the presence of different organic moieties which enhance the therapeutic action due to which bhasma shows significant antibacterial properties.
भूपिका कवितामा यमकाभास वक्रता {Yamakabhasa Vakrata in Bhupika poetry}
Authors: पोखरेल Pokhrel केशवराज Keshabraj
Published: August 2022

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा पूर्वीय आचार्य कुन्तकद्वारा प्रतिपादित यमकाभास वक्रताको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारअनुरूप भूपि शेरचनद्वारा रचित कविताबाट आवश्यक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस विश्लेषणबाट निर्धारित कवितांशका जुनजुन स्थानमा स्वरवैषम्य वर्णहरूको प्रयोग गरिएको छ तीती स्थानमा विशिष्ट किसिमको शोभा उत्पन्न भएकाले यमकाभास वक्रता रहेको पाइन्छ । वक्रताको यस भेदबाट वर्णसमानान्तरता र पुनरावृत्तिमूलक सौन्दर्य, वृत्तिवैचिœय, सुकुमार मार्ग र माधुर्यादि गुण, वैदर्भी रीति र आनुप्रासिक सौन्दर्यसमेत प्रकट भएकाले भूपिका सम्बद्ध कविताको केन्द्रीय भावसञ्चारका लागि यमकाभास वक्रताको वर्णसौन्दर्य उपकारक बनेको देखिन्छ ।
अन्धवेग नाटकको तत्वपरक विश्लेषण {A metaphysical analysis of Andhavega drama}
Authors: गौतम Gautam वासुदेव Basudev
Published: August 2022

अन्धवेग नाटक नाट्यसम्राट समको एक सशक्त नाटक हो । यस नाटकमा राणाकालीन समाजको एक सम्भ्रान्त परिवारको कथावस्तु समेटिएको छ । यस नाटकका नायक गरुढध्वजको अवस्थाको चर्चा गरिएको छ । गरुढध्वज सम्भ्रान्त परिवारका पात्र भए तापनि साधारण मानिस जस्तै छन् भने उनकी श्रीमती पम्फा आधुनिक प्रवृŒिाकी छिन् । उनको लवाइ आधुनिक ढङ्ग ढाँचाको छ । टिम्के चोली लगाउन मन   पराउने उनलाई दर्जीले सनाइको खोलजस्तै चोली सिलाइ दिएकोमा ज्यादै नै रिसाउछिन् र नोकरलाई त्यो चोली दमाइ कहाँ पु¥याउन पठाउँछिन् । यस अवस्थाले उनी आधुनिक भएको देखिन्छ । त्यस घरमा गरुढध्वजका फुपू र उनका छोरा जयवीर तीर्थबाट लामो समयपछि आइपुग्छन् र उनीहरूलाई राम्रोसँग स्वागत सत्कार गरिएकोछ । जयवीरको खाइलाग्दो शारीरिक बनोटबाट पम्फा आकर्षित हुन्छिन् । उता जयवीरको विवाहवारी गर्ने कुरा चलेको हुन्छ तर उनी केटीको चरित्र ठिक नभएको बहाना बनाएर विवाह गर्दैनन् । अर्कोतिर जयवीरको विवाहप्रसँगले पम्फा चिन्तित भएकी छिन् । यस अवस्थासम्ममा उनीहरू धेरै नै नजिकी सकेका हुन्छन् । पम्फा अन्धो कामवासनाका कारण आफ्नै छोरा छोरी र श्रीमान् समेत पनि बाझिलो भएको अनुभव गरेकी छिन् । एकान्तको खोजीको क्रममा उनीहरू पशुपति जाने योजना बनाउँछन् । त्यहाँ आफ्नो कामवासना पूरा गराउन पम्फा हुन्छे तर यमदूत जस्तै गरी गरुढध्वज उपस्थित हुन्छन् । उनले जयवीरलाई मारेर पम्फालाई त्यहीँसँग सति जा भनी आफ्नो घर फर्कन्छन् । घरमा आफ्ना छोरा छोरीलाई अन्तिम पटक माया गरेर बिष सेवन गरी आत्महत्या गर्दछन् । पम्फा पनि घर पुग्छिन् र उनी संयोगले घरको कठबारबाट लडेर मर्दछिन् त्यसपछि नाटकको अन्त्य हुन्छ ।
धनकुटा जिल्लाका आधारभूत विद्यालयहरूमा शैक्षिक सामग्रीको उपयोग र व्यवस्थापन {Utilization and Management of Educational Materials in Basic Schools of Dhankuta District}
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari सपना Sapana
Published: August 2022

यस अध्ययनको उद्देश्य आधारभूत विद्यालयमा शैक्षिक सामग्रीको उपलब्धता, प्रयोगको र प्रभावकारिता विश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमार्फत निम्न अनुसन्धान प्रश्नहरूको उत्तर दिने प्रयत्न   गरिएको छ । विद्यालयमा कस्ता शैक्षिक सामग्री उपलब्ध छन् ? सिकाइमा ती सामग्रीहरू कसरी प्रयोग भएका छन् ? सामग्रीहरूको व्यवस्थापन कसरी गरिएको छ ? यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक विधिबाट सम्पन्न गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि धनकुटा जिल्लाको चौविसे गाउँपालिकाको क आधारभूत विद्यालय, ख आधारभूत विद्यालय, ग आधारभूत विद्यालय, घ आधारभूत विद्यालय र ड आधारभूत विद्यालयलाई उद्देश्यमुलक रूपमा छनौट गरिएको छ । यसमा तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन गर्न उक्त विद्यालयका प्रधानाध्यापक, शिक्षकहरू र विद्यार्थीाहरूसंग अन्तर्वाता निर्देशिकाको प्रयोग गरी सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । प्रधानाध्यापक र शिक्षकले शैक्षिक सामग्रीको प्रयोगलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा लिइएको, विद्यालयलाई शैक्षिक सामग्री खरिदका लागि जिल्ला शिक्षा कार्यालय र नगरपालिकाले रकम उपलब्ध गराउने गरेको, नवीनतम प्रविधिको शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा भएको प्रयोगले शिक्षकहरूलाई शिक्षण कार्यमा उर्जा प्रदान गरेको, नवीनतम प्रविधिसँग परिचित भएको, सिकाई सरल, सहज, मनोरञ्जनात्मक र दिगो बनाएको जस्ता सूचना शिक्षकहरूबाट प्राप्त भयो । त्यस्तै शैक्षिक सामग्रीको समुचित प्रयोग गर्दा सिकाई छिटो र रमाइलो हुने साथै सिकेको कुरा लामो समयसम्म सम्झिन सकिएको जानकारी विद्यार्थीहरूबाट प्राप्त भयो ।
वसन्तविचार काव्यांशमा पौरस्त्य दर्शन {Paurastya Darshan in Vasantavichara Kavyansh}
Authors: थापा मगर Thapa Magar हितबहादुर Hitbahadur
Published: August 2022

लेखनाथ पौड्याल (जीवनकाल ः १९४१–२०२२) नेपाली कवितालाई माध्यमिककालीन श्रृङ्गारिक धाराबाट मुक्त गर्दै आधुनिककालीन परिष्कारवादी धारातर्फ डो¥याउने कवि हुन् । उनले माध्यमिककालीन नेपाली कविताका दाँजोमा लेख्य व्याकरण अनुरूपको परिनिष्ठित भाषा, मनोहर शैली, श्रुतिमधुर छन्द, हृदय संवेद्य भाव र चमत्कारपूर्ण उक्तिका उत्कृष्ट सौन्दर्यले ओतप्रोत तुल्याई रचेका कविताद्वारा नेपाली कविताका इतिहासमा परिष्कारवादी धाराका नवप्रवर्तन गरे । वसन्तविचार खण्डकाव्यांश पौरस्त्य दर्शनलाई केन्द्रीय विषय बनाई लेखिएको खण्डकाव्यांश नभए तापनि यसमा पौरस्त्य दर्शनका आधारभूत प्रस्थापनाहरू पौड्यालको अध्ययन र संस्कारवश आएका छन् । यसमा खण्डकाव्यकार पौड्यालले स्वर्ग, ईश्वर, आत्मा, सांसारिकता, समाधि जस्ता पक्षहरूलाई पौरस्त्य दर्शन कै रूपमा सङ्केत गरेका छन् । पौड्यालको दर्शनप्रतिको धारणा समाजमुखी मानवतावादी र कर्मवादी रहेको छ । लेखनाथका बाल कवितामा रहेका प्रकृति, संस्कृति, ईश्वर भक्ति, भाषा, प्रेम, स्वतन्त्र चेतना जस्ता विविध विषयका माध्यमबाट बाल बालिकाहरूलाई मनोरञ्जन प्रदान गर्ने र जागरुक बनाउने ध्येय लिइएको छ र उनले रचेका बाल कविताहरू बालकहरूका लागि सुबोध र गेयात्मक छन् । यिनै प्रमुख तथ्यहरूका विषयवस्तुलाई अध्ययन गर्ने कार्य यस लेखमा गरिएको छ । लेखनाथ पौड्यालले आफ्ना बाल कवितामा जे–जस्ता विषयवस्तु र शिल्पको प्रयोग गरेका छन्, त्यसैको अध्ययनसँग यो लेख सम्बन्धित छ । उनी पौरस्त्य दर्शनलाई समेत कलात्मक ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गर्दछन् । वसन्तविचारमा पौरस्त्य दर्शनका आधारभूत प्रस्थापनाहरूको व्याख्या विभिन्न कोणबाट गर्न सकिने भएता पनि यस अध्ययन पत्रमा पौरस्त्य दर्शनका स्वर्ग, ईश्वर र सांसारिक बन्धन सम्बन्धी मान्याताका आधारमा वसन्तविचार खण्डकाव्यांशको अध्ययन, विश्लेषण गरी प्राज्ञिक निष्कर्षमा पुगिएको छ ।