bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of the BEST‐II Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mistry Eva A. , Hart Kimberly , Davis Taylor , Yeatts Sharon , Lindsell Christopher J. , Lewis Roger J. , Albers Gregory , Wanderer Jonathan P. , Prestigiacomo Charles , Bernard Gordon R. , Khatri Pooja
Published: May 2022

Background

Prior observational studies indicate that lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) after successful endovascular treatment (EVT) is associated with better functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, whether targeting SBP to levels below the guideline‐recommended target of ≤180 mm Hg is safe and efficacious remains to be determined.

Methods

The BEST (Blood Pressure After Endovascular Stroke Therapy)‐II trial (NCT04116112) is a pragmatic, phase 2, multisite, prospective, randomized, open‐label trial with blinded end‐point assessment designed to (1) compare the safety of lower SBP targets with higher SBP targets in successfully EVT‐treated patients with stroke and (2) inform the design and estimate the probability of success of a future phase 3 trial. A total of 120 patients with acute ischemic stroke who undergo successful EVT (final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score ≥2b) for intracranial internal carotid artery or M1 or M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery will be randomized to the SBP targets of ≤180, <160, and <140 mm Hg, to be maintained for 24 hours using intravenous nicardipine as the first‐line agent. We will assess the harm of decreased post‐EVT SBP by quantifying its linear relationship with multiple primary outcomes of final infarct volume on magnetic resonance imaging (or computed tomography) at 36 hours and utility‐weighted modified Rankin scale score at 90 days. The study is approved by the Institutional Review Boards of both participating institutions and the Data and Safety Monitoring Board.

Results

Enrollment in the BEST‐II trial began in January 2020, with 90 patients enrolled as of October 13, 2021. The trial is progressing ahead of target, with an anticipated enrollment completion date before January 2023.

Conclusions

The BEST‐II trial results will inform the stroke community of the safety of lower SBP targets in patients with acute ischemic stroke who are successfully treated with EVT and will demonstrate the feasibility of both achieving lower blood pressure targets as well as conducting an efficacy trial. Trial enrollment is on target despite the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Clinical Trial Registration Information

NCT04116112 (
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04116112
)
Experience With Neuroform Atlas Stenting as Rescue Endovascular Treatment After Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy Secondary to Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lajthia Orgest , Almallouhi Eyad , Kicielinski Kimberly , Lena Jonathan , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Al Kasab Sami
Published: May 2022

Background

Patients with emergent large vessel occlusion secondary to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis who fail mechanical thrombectomy pose a treatment challenge. The aim of this study is to report our single‐center experience using the Neuroform Atlas stent as a potential rescue modality.

Methods

Data were analyzed from a prospectively maintained database at a Comprehensive Stroke Center between January 2019 and September 2021 of all patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis–emergent large vessel occlusion who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and required rescue stenting with the Neuroform Atlas. We systematically gathered demographic, clinical, procedural, and functional characteristics on patients presenting with emergent large vessel occlusion within 24 hours of last known normal. The primary outcome was the rate of revascularization following stenting.

Results

Twenty‐six patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 56.5 years, 34.6% of whom were women. On presentation, the median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 11 and median Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score was 9. Mechanical thrombectomy was performed using a direct aspiration, first‐pass technique in all patients. Following Neuroform Atlas stent placement, 3 patients (11.5%) had moderate in‐stent stenosis, while severe stenosis was encountered in 4 patients (15.4%). The rate of successful revascularization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2B–3) was identified in 92.3% of the patients. On follow‐up vascular images, reocclusion occurred in 2 patients (7.7%) and symptomatic hemorrhage was encountered in 3 patients (11.5%). Excellent outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin scale 0–2) was achieved in 13 of 26 (50%) patients.

Conclusion

Our series provides preliminary safety and efficacy data regarding the use of the Neuroform Atlas stent as a rescue modality in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis–emergent large vessel occlusion cases.
Sinosenecio jiuzhaigouensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Sichuan, China
Authors: CHEN BIN , LIU YING , LUO JIAN-XUN , WANG QI , YANG QIN-ER
Published: May 2022

Sinosenecio jiuzhaigouensis (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), a new species from Jiuzhaigou county in northwestern Sichuan province, China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to S. hederifolius and S. cyclaminifolius in having ovate-cordate leaf blade and solitary capitula, but differs by having swollen (vs. not swollen) rhizomes and smaller capitula (2–3 vs. 4–5 cm in diameter). Two floral micromorphological characters (configuration of filament collars and of anther endothecial cell wall thickenings), achene surface feature, and chromosome number of the new species are reported.
Two new species of Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey
Authors: HAMZAOĞLU ERGİN , KOÇ MURAT
Published: May 2022

Hesperis muglensis, and H. zaferi collected from Muğla and Çorum, Turkey, have been defined as new species for the scientific world. Hesperis muglensis grows with H. pisidica calcareous locations in the south of Turkey (Taurus Mountains), while H. zaferi grows glades in forest in Tosya, Kastamonu Province, and in Sütçüler, Isparta Province, and displays a similarity to H. tosyaensis and H. ozcelikii. The photographs, general ecological preferences and of the newly defined species have been given.
A revision of the spider genus Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Trachelidae) in the Afrotropical Region. I. Continental species
Authors: HADDAD CHARLES R. , JIN CHI , PLATNICK NORMAN I.
Published: May 2022

The continental Afrotropical species of the spider genus Orthobula Simon, 1897 are revised. The three currently known species, O. calceata Simon, 1897 (West Africa and western Congo Basin), O. milloti Caporiacco, 1949 (Kenya) and O. radiata Simon, 1897 (southern Africa), are redescribed, including the first descriptions of the males of O. calceata and females of O. radiata. Three new species are described from both sexes: O. aethiopica sp. nov. from Ethiopia, O. arca sp. nov. from South Africa, and O. marusiki sp. nov. from West Africa and the western Congo Basin. All of the species are obligate ground-dwellers, being particularly common in the leaf litter of woody plants, except for O. arca sp. nov., which prefers open grasslands.
Changing Americans’ Attitudes about Immigration: Using Moral Framing to Bolster Factual Arguments
Authors: Voelkel Jan G. , Malik Mashail , Redekopp Chrystal , Willer Robb
Published: May 2022

Our tendency to interpret facts in ways that are consistent with our prior beliefs impedes evidence-based attempts to persuade partisans to change their views on pressing societal issues such as immigration. Accordingly, most prior work finds that favorable information about the impact of immigration has little or no influence on policy preferences. Here, we propose that appealing to individuals’ moral values can bolster the persuasive power of informational interventions. Across three experiments (total N = 4,616), we find that an argument based on the value of in-group loyalty, which emphasized that immigrants are critical to America’s economic strength, combined with information about the economic impact of legal immigration, significantly increased Americans’ support for legal immigration. We also find a significant effect of the moral component of this message alone, even without factual information. These results show that moral arguments can strengthen the persuasiveness of informational appeals.
Defining and Measuring Scientific Misinformation
Authors: Southwell Brian G. , Brennen J. Scott Babwah , Paquin Ryan , Boudewyns Vanessa , Zeng Jing
Published: May 2022

We define scientific misinformation as publicly available information that is misleading or deceptive relative to the best available scientific evidence and that runs contrary to statements by actors or institutions who adhere to scientific principles. Scientific misinformation violates the supposition that claims should be based on scientific evidence and relevant expertise. As such, misinformation is observable and measurable, but research on scientific misinformation to date has often missed opportunities to clearly articulate units of analysis, to consult with experts, and to look beyond convenient sources of misinformation such as social media content. We outline the ways in which scientific misinformation can be thought of as a disorder of public science, identify its specific types and the ways in which it can be measured, and argue that researchers and public actors should do more to connect measurements of misinformation with measurements of effect.
Inequality and Misperceptions of Group Concerns Threaten the Integrity and Societal Impact of Science
Authors: Schuldt Jonathon P. , Pearson Adam R. , Lewis Neil A. , Jardina Ashley , Enns Peter K.
Published: May 2022

Racial and ethnic minority and lower-income groups are disproportionately affected by environmental hazards and suffer worse health outcomes than other groups in the United States. Relative to whites and higher-income groups, racial-ethnic minority and lower-income Americans also frequently express greater concern about high-profile global environmental threats like climate change, but they are widely misperceived as being less concerned about these issues than white and higher-income Americans. We use new survey research to explore public perceptions of COVID-19—another global threat marked by substantial racial, ethnic, and class disparities—finding a distinct pattern of misperceptions regarding groups’ concerns. We then discuss how these misperceptions represent a unique form of social misinformation that may pose a threat to science and undermine the cooperation and trust needed to address collective problems.
Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Chest Wall Following Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Merrell Mollie A. , Grenn Emily E. , Orr W. Shannon
Published: May 2022

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign proliferative histiocytic disorder generally affecting the cervical lymph nodes as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. We present a unique case of multifocal soft tissue RDD originating from previous mastectomy site and retroperitoneum. The patient is a 62-year-old African American female with a prior history of bilateral breast invasive ductal adenocarcinoma. 2 years following completion of therapy, our patient re-presented with an abdominal wall mass. The core biopsy was discordant, and the mass had rapid growth prompting excision. After the excision of the abdominal wall mass pathology confirmed RDD. A PET confirmed a solitary mass behind the left kidney this mass was biopsied and confirmed that it was RDD in the retroperitoneum. Due to the slow growth of this mass observation was deemed reasonable. We present this case to highlight the need for further research to improve treatment guidelines and expectations
SAVI Scout® System for Excision of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Farha Maen J. , Simons James , Kfouri Jad , Townsend-Day Michelle
Published: May 2022

Background

The standard localization of non-palpable breast masses is wire/needle localization (WL). Newer technologies have evolved, allowing more efficient scheduling and improving surgeon and patient experiences. These include Radioactive Seed, MagSeed®, and SAVI Scout® (SS). We adopted SS at our program in July of 2017. We are reporting our experience comparing SAVI Scout® with needle localization.

Study Design

This is a retrospective study comparing SS and wire localization techniques for the excision of both benign and malignant lesions. Chart reviews of localized patients between 7/1/2017 and 6/30/2019, recording the age of the patient, date of procedure, localization method, pathology of lesion postexcision, number and status of margins, guidance method (mammogram vs. ultrasound), specimen size, and distance of reflector from biopsy clip, were completed to compare these localization methods with the aim of asserting their equality.

Results

There were 48 wire and 64 SS localized excisions. Successful lesion excision was achieved in 100% of cases for both techniques. There were 1 SS and 4 WL re-excisions for margin clearance not reaching statistical significance. 51 additional margins were obtained in the SS cases compared to 36 margins in the WL cases without a statistically significant difference.

Conclusions

1- Both SS and WL achieved 100% excision of targeted lesions 2- SS localization was successfully implemented, offering more convenience for patients and providers 3- More re-excisions in the WL group as compared to the SS group did not reach statistical significance and requires further investigation 4- A prospective controlled trial comparing the different localization techniques can address questions related to effectiveness, cost, patient and provider experiences.
Book review: Xiaoping Fang, China and the Cholera Pandemic: Restructuring Society Under Mao
Authors: Neelakantan Vivek
Published: May 2022

Xiaoping Fang, China and the Cholera Pandemic: Restructuring Society Under Mao (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2021), pp. 312, US$ 55, ISBN: 978-0822946625.
“Darkening the Dark”: Assessing the Impact of Banditry on Educational and Socio-Economic Development in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ebonine Victor Chukwugekwu
Published: May 2022

Over these last few years, the Northern region of Nigeria has been ignited with spates of students’ abductions and ransom demands which throw parents, security agents, and government (both federal and states) into confusion. In fact, it has become an existential threat such that national dailies break even with captivating, yet regrettably stylistic reportage of this ugly menace. The popular discourse for this threat is rooted in the motive for financial gains. In contrast, this paper situates it within the context of education eradication and Islamization project. In this light, the paper aims to pigeonhole the interface between the rising menace of banditry in the Northern Nigeria and the mission of annihilating western education which would further set the region on the track of socio-economic backwardness and form the catalyst for Islamization. The current form of banditry has a close relationship with known terrorist groups in the Nigerian state ( Boko Haram, ISWAP, and Ansaru) and therefore, has common ideology of eradicating education in the region and setting the center stage for Islamization. Abduction of students and ransom collections are just logic in furtherance of the ideology. The paper does not involve field work; hence it adopts a qualitative approach that draws data from scholarly works, newspapers, and publications from international bodies. It recommends therefore, that government adopt a stick and carrot approach; provide more security around schools and prosecute identified sponsors and apprehended bandits.
An experiment with the minor geographies of major cities: Infrastructural relations among the fragments
Authors: R Niranjana
Published: May 2022

Research on urban water infrastructures has seldom reached across the Global North-South divide owing to their apparent developmental incommensurability. Yet, the universalising tendencies of urban theory has meant that cities of the Global South are often deemed to have ‘fragmented’ infrastructures or incomplete circulations in implicit comparison to the northern infrastructural ideal. So, in order to truly ‘world’ the study of infrastructures and cities, it is important to go beyond these dominant paradigms and attend to how infrastructures actually work and what socio-technical implications they have in cities of the Global South and North. Building on these provocations, this paper places the water infrastructures of two ‘most different cities’– Chennai, India and London, UK – alongside each other in ‘experimental comparison’, where the aim is not to arrive at paradigmatic urban theory but to highlight heterogeneity and excavate themes for further critical thinking on each case. This paper will delineate the dialogic and reflexive method of research and analysis adopted, tracing how it led to the practice of ‘minor theory’, which focuses on processes that do not find expression in dominant universalising analyses. Here, minor theory is mobilised towards challenging dominant or major constructs about each city and across cities, while amplifying urban multiplicities and enabling a deeper engagement with infrastructure making in the Global South and North, thus expanding urban studies’ toolbox of critical thinking.
The Strong Black Woman Concept: Associated Demographic Characteristics and Perceived Stress Among Black Women
Authors: Platt Lisa F. , Fanning Sandy C.
Published: May 2022

Being a “Strong Black Woman” (SBW) is a frequent cultural demand for Black Women. The physical and emotional disadvantages of this persistent racial gender role expectation are notable. The purpose of the current exploratory study was to (1) confirm a link between endorsement of the SBW schema and self-reported perceived stress and (2) investigate the potential demographic features that predict the level of endorsement of the SBW schema. A community sample of n = 185 Black women completed an online survey containing the Giscombé Superwoman Schema Questionnaire ( Woods-Giscombé et al., 2019 ), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 ( Cohen & Williamson, 1988 ), and a demographic questionnaire. The results indicated that more endorsement of SBW ideals uniquely predicted greater perceived stress. Also, only the demographic variables of age and number of children were predictors of SBW endorsement. Endorsement of SBW expectations did not vary across the other demographic variables indicating the SBW schema was prominent for most participants in the sample.
Corporate and business domination of food banks and food diversion schemes in Canada
Authors: Azadian Anahita , Masciangelo Mary Catherine , Mendly-Zambo Zsofia , Taman Alan , Raphael Dennis
Published: May 2022

Critics have identified the corporate and business sector as contributing to household food insecurity through its endorsement of low wages, anti-union activities and lobbying for retrenchment of the Canadian welfare state. It is therefore troubling that this same corporate and business sector has come to dominate positions on the boards of directors of civil society organizations with missions to reduce household food insecurity. Fisher uses the term ‘Big Hunger’ to describe how this ‘hunger-industrial complex’ of food banks, food diversion schemes and corporations and companies are accruing benefits to themselves yet do little to reduce household food insecurity. We consider such processes as illustrating two key political economy concepts: (1) Marx’s concepts of base and superstructure and (2) Gramsci’s cultural hegemony. We carry out a critical case study of the relevance of these concepts to the Canadian household food insecurity scene by examining how the corporate and business sector now dominates the boards of directors of four major civil society organizations concerned with reducing household food insecurity. We find evidence of these civil society organizations exhibiting agenda distortion, reciprocity and loss of integrity, all reflecting their becoming part of the superstructure of capitalist society whose ruling elites come to dominate the ideas and values of society. Issues of wages, unionization and collective agreement bargaining, taxes and taxation, income inequality and retrenchment of the welfare state – all important contributors to household food insecurity and key concerns of the corporate and business community – are for the most part absent from these civil society organizations’ reports, documents and statements. We specify the implications these developments have for addressing household food insecurity and the inequitable distribution of other social determinants of health.
Comparing Traffic Noise Levels between Signalized Intersections and Roundabouts in an Urban Environment
Authors: Abdur-Rouf Khadija , Shaaban Khaled
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate and compare the traffic noise generated from signalized intersections and roundabouts. Hourly equivalent traffic noise level, traffic volume, and weather data were collected at four signalized intersections and four roundabouts of different sizes (two-lane and three-lane). Data were collected for a total period of 32 h during one weekday and one weekend at each intersection. A comparative traffic noise analysis that focused on peak hours was conducted between the different types of intersections. When comparing intersections of similar type and size, intersections with higher traffic volume produced higher traffic noise levels. However, when comparing intersections of different types and sizes, the two-lane roundabouts had lower traffic volume than the three-lane roundabouts but generated much higher traffic noise levels. When compared with two-lane signalized intersections, the two-lane roundabouts generated a much higher traffic noise with a slightly higher traffic volume. Similarly, the three-lane signalized intersections performed better than the three-lane roundabouts with marginally higher traffic noise levels and a much higher traffic volume. The results indicated that signalized intersections can be a better option than roundabouts from a traffic noise perspective when traffic volume is expected to be high.
Micromechanics-Based Viscoelasticity Predictions of Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen Considering Polymer Network Effects
Authors: Wang Haopeng , Zhang Hong , Liu Xueyan , Apostolidis Panos , Erkens Sandra , Skarpas Athanasios , Leng Zhen , Airey Gordon
Published: May 2022

Crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) can be regarded as a binary composite system in which swollen rubber particles are embedded in the bitumen matrix. Previous study has successfully implemented the micromechanics models in predicting the complex moduli of CRMB binders using more representative constituent parameters. In the regime of master curves, while the micromechanics models used predicted well in the high-frequency range, they underestimated the complex modulus in the low-frequency range. The current study aims to further improve the prediction accuracy of micromechanics models for CRMB by considering the interparticle interactions. To accomplish this goal, a new reinforcement mechanism called chain entanglement effect was introduced to account for the interparticle interaction effect. Results show that the polymer chain entanglement effect accounts for the underestimation of complex modulus and lack of elasticity (overestimation of phase angle) for CRMB at high temperatures/low frequencies. The mechanical properties of bitumen matrix and entangled polymer network can be determined based on the rubber content. The introduction of the entangled polymer network to the generalized self-consistent model significantly improved the prediction accuracy for both complex modulus and phase angle in the whole frequency range. In summary, by incorporating the physio-chemical interaction mechanism into the currently available models, a new dedicated micromechanics model for predicting the mechanical properties of CRMB has been developed. The predicted viscoelastic behaviors can thereafter be used as inputs for an improved mix design.
Decolonizing Purity Culture: Gendered Racism and White Idealization in Evangelical Christianity
Authors: Natarajan Madison , Wilkins-Yel Kerrie G. , Sista Anushka , Anantharaman Aashika , Seils Natalie
Published: May 2022

Purity culture is a phenomenon promulgated by evangelical Christianity that teaches strict adherence to sexual abstinence prior to heterosexual marriage. Extant research illuminated the ways these teachings have harmed women by normalizing the oppression of their bodies, restricting sexual agency, teaching a shame response to pleasure, and perpetuating rape culture. Notably, these studies have centered white women’s experiences, and to date, there is a dearth of literature examining how these teachings uniquely impact Women of Color. There remains a paucity of research about the ways in which purity culture has perpetuated colonial and Eurocentric values that have systematically oppressed Women of Color. Framed by critical race feminism and intersectionality, we examined the lived experiences of nine Women of Color impacted by evangelical purity culture, revealing the nuanced ways in which gendered racism and white idealization influenced participants’ alliance to and embodiment of their intersecting racialized and gendered identities. With the insights gleaned from this study, we encourage readers to (a) raise their consciousness about the insidious mechanisms through which purity culture and the religious right operate and (b) actively dismantle forms of internalized oppression through radical acts of healing, and systematically through disrupting the perpetuation of purity culture rhetoric.
Influences of the Social Media Continuum Model in Radiology: Theory and Reality
Authors: Abdellatif Waleed , Ding Jeffrey , Spieler Bradley M. , Khosa Faisal , Hussien Abdelmohsen Radwan , Kamel Serageldin , Elsayes Khaled M , El-Diasty Tarek A. , Brewington Cecelia , Patlas Michael N.
Published: May 2022

Social media utilization has been growing exponentially worldwide and has created a thriving venue for radiologists and the profession of radiology to engage in on both the academic and social levels. The aim of this article is to conduct updated literature review and address a gap in the literature by introducing a simple classification for social media utilization and a new theoretical model to outline the role and potential value of social media in the realm of radiology. We propose classifying social media through usage-driven and access-driven indices. Furthermore, we discuss the interdependency of radiologists, other physicians and non-physician stakeholders, scientific journals, conferences/meetings and the general public in an integrated social media continuum model. With the ongoing sub-specialization of radiology, social media helps mitigate the physical barriers of making connections with peers and audiences which would have otherwise been unfeasible. The constant evolution and diversification of social media platforms necessitates a novel approach to better understand its role through a radiological lens. With the looming fear of ‘ancillary service’ labelling, social media could be the golden plate to halt the path towards commoditization of radiology.
Creating Room for Social Justice Pedagogy in Fashion Education
Authors: Reed Jaleesa , Covington Sha’Mira , Medvedev Katalin
Published: May 2022

In this paper we encourage fashion educators to consider applying social justice pedagogy to fashion education. We begin by situating the current state of fashion education within the context of neoliberalism. Social justice pedagogy is defined and introduced as an alternative approach to fashion education. Participatory action research (PAR), which aims to address the needs of disadvantaged groups, is also provided as a solution to increase social justice awareness in students, departments, and institutions. Possible starting points are provided for instructors interested in integrating social justice into their courses. While social justice pedagogy and PAR are not foolproof methods for achieving equity-related goals in the classroom, they provide a starting point for instructors interested in promoting social change through their teaching.
Polarization of Opinions on COVID-19 Measures: Integrating Twitter and Survey Data
Authors: Reiter-Haas Markus , Klösch Beate , Hadler Markus , Lex Elisabeth
Published: May 2022

Polarization of public opinion is a major issue for societies, as high levels can promote adverse effects such as hostility. The present paper focuses on the polarization of opinions regarding COVID-19 prevention measures in survey data and on Twitter in the German-speaking regions of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The level of polarization is measured by dispersion and bimodality in the opinions based on the sentiment in Twitter data and the agreement in the survey data. Our paper, however, goes beyond existing research as we consider data from both sources separately and comparatively. For this purpose, we matched individuals’ survey responses and tweets for those respondents who shared their Twitter account information. The analyses show that vaccination is more polarizing compared to mask wearing and contact tracing in both sources, that polarization of opinions is more pronounced in the survey data compared to the Twitter data, but also that individuals’ opinions about the COVID-19 measures are consistent in both sources. We believe our findings will provide valuable insights for integrating survey data and Twitter data to investigate opinion polarization.
Investigation on flame dynamic characteristics to air-inlet excitation in a gas turbine model combustor
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Liu Xiao , Zheng Hongtao , Lv Guangpu , Li Shengnan
Published: May 2022

The combustion characteristics for a gas turbine (GT) model combustor in air-inlet excitation are studied by Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Time series of heat release rate (HRR) fluctuation is captured during simulation. The precessing vortex core (PVC) structure is shown by pressure iso-surface, and the single/double helix branches of PVC alternately evolve in one forcing cycle. With the rotation of PVC, the high-speed ring zone (HSRZ) is periodically squeezed, and large-scale vortex roll-up results from that. The flame root structure is also significantly affected by PVC, which is one of the reasons for the HRR fluctuation. With the increase of the forcing amplitude, the flame response is divided into three parts. The linear growth zone and secondary rising zone are separated by saturation plateau. The flame dynamics analysis shows that the change of the flame structures and flame front oscillation modes are the apparent mechanism of the nonlinear flame response appearance.
Efficacy of Eravacycline Versus Best Previously Available Therapy for Adults With Pneumonia Due to Difficult-to-Treat Resistant (DTR) Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Scott Courtney J. , Zhu Elizabeth , Jayakumar Rebecca A. , Shan Guogen , Viswesh Velliyur
Published: May 2022

Background

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii remains challenging to treat. Although eravacycline has in vitro activity against this pathogen, there are no studies evaluating outcomes.

Objective

To assess the efficacy of eravacycline compared with best previously available therapy in adults with difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) A. baumannii pneumonia.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of adults hospitalized for pneumonia with DTR A. baumannii. Patients receiving eravacycline were compared with those receiving best previously available therapy. The primary outcome was 30-day in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical cure at Day 14, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, microbiologic cure, and readmission within 90 days with a positive A. baumannii respiratory culture.

Results

Ninety-three patients were included, with 27 receiving eravacycline. Eravacycline was associated with higher 30-day mortality (33% vs 15%; P = 0.048), lower microbiologic cure (17% vs 59%; P = 0.004), and longer durations of mechanical ventilation (10.5 vs 6.5 days; P = 0.016). At baseline, eravacycline patients had more A. baumannii bacteremia and coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among bacteremic patients, all 4 receiving eravacycline died by Day 30 and both patients receiving best previously available therapy survived. Upon exclusion of patients with bacteremia and SARS-CoV-2, there were no differences between the groups across any outcomes.

Conclusions

Eravacycline-based combination therapy had similar outcomes to best previously available combination therapy for adults with DTR A. baumannii pneumonia. However, eravacycline should be used with caution in the setting of bacteremia as outcomes were poor in this population.
Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Childhood: Autopsy Findings from a Specialist Centre
Authors: Bryant Victoria A , Jacques Tom S , Sebire Neil J
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

To investigate the aetiologies of sudden unexpected death from natural causes in children aged 1-18 years by retrospective examination of autopsy records from a single centre.

Materials and methods:

The post-mortem findings from 548 children (1996-2015) were examined. Details were entered into an established research database and categorized according to >400 pre-defined criteria.

Results:

There were 265 previously apparently healthy children and 283 with pre-existing, potentially life-limiting, conditions. There were more males than females (M:F 1.4:1), and deaths were more frequent in the winter. Infection was commonest accounting for 43% of all deaths. Non-infectious diseases were identified as cause of death in 28%, and 29% of all deaths were unexplained. There was no significant difference in the proportions of deaths in each category between the previously healthy children and those with pre-existing conditions.

Conclusion:

Sudden unexpected death is a rare presentation of death in childhood and those with pre-existing conditions may be more at risk. Standardisation of the post-mortem procedure in such cases may result in more ancillary investigations performed as routine and may reduce the number of cases that are ‘unexplained’.
How to better incorporate geographic variation in Airbnb price modeling?
Authors: Jiang Yifei , Zhang Honglei , Cao Xianting , Wei Ge , Yang Yang
Published: May 2022

Since entering the Chinese market in 2015, Airbnb has become a major player in the Chinese home-sharing arena. This article uses data from 8012 active Airbnb listings in Shanghai and presents three models (linear regression, geographically weighted regression, and random forest) to study the determinants of Airbnb listing prices and incorporate geographic variation in price modeling. Results show that property quality plays a key role in shaping listing prices. Due to Airbnb’s distinctions from traditional lodging in both features and business models, Airbnb pricing determinants differ accordingly. For example, location conditions were found to have a limited impact in regions with established transportation networks. Among the three models, random forest performed best in terms of prediction accuracy. Lastly, practical implications are discussed.
Quality of social sharing of emotions alleviates job burnout: The role of meaning of work
Authors: Delroisse Stephanie , Rimé Bernard , Stinglhamber Florence
Published: May 2022

Past research has demonstrated that finding meaning in work is a dynamic process during interactions with colleagues and supervisors and protects against job burnout. At the same time, past studies have shown that the need to achieve meaning motivates people to share their emotions. Building on this, we hypothesized that workers who have more experience of quality social sharing of emotions about their work with relatives, colleagues, and supervisors are less at risk of job burnout. A cross-sectional survey of 611 working-aged adults in Belgium (mean age 39.25 years) supported this primary hypothesis. In addition, the hypothesis that meaning of work mediates the relationships between experience of quality social sharing of emotions and job burnout was also supported. The study provides evidence that social sharing of emotions reduces job burnout by helping to make sense of work situations and reinforcing relationships with others.
The seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø7) 2015–2016: study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease in a multipurpose population-based health survey
Authors: Hopstock Laila A. , Grimsgaard Sameline , Johansen Heidi , Kanstad Kristin , Wilsgaard Tom , Eggen Anne Elise
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The Tromsø Study is an ongoing population-based health study in Tromsø, Norway, initiated in 1974. The purpose of the seventh survey (Tromsø7) 2015–2016 was to advance the population risk factor surveillance and to collect new types of data. We present the study design, data collection, attendance, and prevalence of risk factors and disease.

Methods:

All inhabitants in Tromsø municipality, Norway, aged 40 years and older ( N=32,591) were invited to a health screening including extensive questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, biological sampling (blood, urine, saliva, nasal/throat swabs, faeces), measurements (anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse, pulse oximetry) and clinical examinations (pain sensitivity, echocardiography, cognitive, physical, and lung function, accelerometer measurements, eye examinations, carotid ultrasound, electrocardiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and heart, lung and carotid auscultation). New research areas in this round were dental and oral health examinations, collection of faecal samples for studies of normal bacterial flora and antibiotic resistance, and 24-hour urine samples for examination of sodium and iodine intakes.

Results:

Attendance was 65% ( N=21,083), and was higher in women, age group 50–79 years, previous attenders, and Norwegian-born individuals. Cardiovascular risk factor levels and prevalence of chronic obstructive lung disease decreased since the last survey, while the prevalence of obesity and diabetes increased.

Conclusions:

Attendance was stable from the sixth survey. Interaction with participants might be key to maintain participation. Favourable trends in risk factors continue, except for a continued increase in obesity. Both new data collection technology and traditional physical examinations will be crucial for the impact of future population studies.
Light at the end of a very dark tunnel: An examination of the survival and recovery strategies of Iranian tourist accommodation businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Salari Toktam , Murphy William H
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic enters year three, with no end in sight. Among hoteliers, small family run businesses have been among the hardest hit. We interview owners of small Iranian Eco-tourism lodges (Ecolodges). Using MAXQDA 2020 software, thematic analysis revealed 10 main themes, condensed into five discussion topics. Stakeholder theory shapes our discussion of findings, revealing roles of internal and external stakeholders. Findings also include the reactive and innovative strategies ecolodges use to stay open and generate cash flow, the importance of stakeholder communications and accessing up-to-date government rules, the value of constant learning, and H.R. practices that assure stakeholders’ well-being.
The effect of continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement device on sleep bruxism intensity in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Martynowicz Helena , Wieczorek Tomasz , Macek Piotr , Wojakowska Anna , Poręba Rafał , Gać Paweł , Mazur Grzegorz , Skomro Robert , Smardz Joanna , Więckiewicz Mieszko
Published: May 2022

We aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement device (MAD) in reducing the intensity of sleep bruxism (SB) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-eight adults with OSA were subjected to single-night full polysomnography (PSG) in the Sleep Laboratory of the Wroclaw Medical University. The respiratory events and bruxism episodes were scored according to the standards of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The patients were assigned to the CPAP treatment or the MAD treatment in accordance to apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The second PSG examination was conducted during the MAD or CPAP treatment to assess the effect of treatment on bruxism episode index (BEI) and AHI. The mean AHI and mean BEI in the study material were estimated to be 30.05 ± 15.39 and 5.10 ± 5.31, respectively. The bruxism parameters were significantly decreased in both the CPAP and MAD groups. Compared to the MAD, the CPAP treatment was more effective in reducing AHI; however, there was no significant difference in effectiveness of CPAP and MAD treatment in BEI reduction. Both CPAP and MAD treatments were effective against SB coexisting with OSA. Due to the application of these treatment options, the risk of OSA should be estimated in patients with SB.
Unraveling Student Engagement: Exploring its Relational and Longitudinal Character
Authors: Smith Rachel A. , Tinto Vincent
Published: May 2022

Though higher education scholars have long known that undergraduate student engagement is associated with student persistence, they have yet to fully unravel its character and how it evolves over time. We argue that this is in part due to the individualistic, static ways engagement is measured even though scholars recognize it as a fundamentally relational concept. In our theoretical exploration, we draw on existing thinking about engagement in higher education and fit it to a social network paradigm that is well suited to conceptualizing and measuring relational, multidimensional, and dynamic phenomena such as student engagement. We conclude with suggestions for research and practice to further explore the longitudinal character of student engagement and how network analysis may be employed to explore the roles of engagement in persistence.
A positioning error compensation method for multiple degrees of freedom robot arm based on the measured and target position error
Authors: Tian Yu , Feng Wei , Ouyang Miao’an , Bian Haodong , Chen Qingpeng
Published: May 2022

A novel positioning error compensation method (PECM) based on the measured and target position error for multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) robot arm control is proposed, which is used to improve positioning accuracy of multiple-DOF robot arm end-effector in accurate positioning applications such as in the medical and mechanical fields. Based on the idea of PID to increase adaptiveness and robustness of the method, a positioning compensation model between the measured and target position error tracked by an optical tracking system and compensated joint angle is derived with inverse kinematic model. Based on error analysis of the compensation model regarding geometry errors, the proportional joint angle compensated coefficient deduced from Jaccobian matrix of the error is proposed and identified with position error data. Calibration experiments for position conversion matrix and positioning accuracy verification experiments are conducted consisting of an optical tracking system and a robot arm. The results of positioning accuracy verification experiments show that the average resultant positioning error in three directions reduces from 1.89 mm (before compensation, model based on Denavit-Hartenberg (DH)), 0.39 mm (model based on modified Denavit-Hartenberg (MDH) with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)) to 0.34 mm (decreasing 82%, 15%), which demonstrates the efficiency and robustness of the method.
Risk-proportionate approach to paediatric clinical trials: The legal requirements, challenges, and the way forward under the European Union Clinical Trials Regulation
Authors: Wan Mandy , Alessandrini Elisa , Brogan Paul , Eleftheriou Despina , Warris Adilia , Brüggemann Roger , Turner Mark
Published: May 2022

Background

It is now widely accepted that there is a need for safety and efficacy data on medicines used in children. In the European Union, legislation has provided the necessary framework obligating and incentivizing pharmaceutical companies to carry out appropriate paediatric research to support the development of new medicines. This change in research culture, that medicines used in children should be appropriately researched in children, has also led to the recognition of the importance of investigator-initiated clinical trials in furthering medical knowledge on the off-label use of authorized medicines for which paediatric data are often limited. However, medicines regulatory authorities of European Union countries have largely adopted a uniform approach to the regulation of both industry-sponsored and investigator-initiated trials and, in doing so, have added disproportionate burden to the conduct of paediatric clinical trials investigating authorized medicines.

Case studies

Two European multinational paediatric clinical trials funded by the conect4children consortium are presented to provide a comparative insight into past challenges and to illustrate how the new framework provided by the European Clinical Trials Regulation (No. 536/2014) addresses these barriers in practice.

Conclusion

The European Clinical Trials Regulation gives a strong impetus to a risk-proportionate approach and offers a path for more efficient delivery of investigator-initiated paediatric clinical trials.
Prioritize special economic zones establishment through a multi-criteria decision-making approach: A case study on the federal states of Somalia
Authors: Abdi Najib , Bait Stefania , Hasnain Asif , Marino Lauria Serena , Savigliano Riccardo , Scarcia Ygor , Schiraldi Massimiliano M
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to present the analysis results on the feasibility and assessment of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) implementation across the seven Federal States of Somalia. Specifically, the research leads to defining the most important criteria used to evaluate different locations to establish SEZs, understanding the priorities and perceptions of different groups of stakeholders. Moreover, it allows quantitatively assess States’ conditions to reduce the risk of wasted investment or unsuccessful development. Finally, it ranks alternatives based on the stakeholder perspectives and territorial realities. The analysis is based on a multi-criteria decision-making methodology, specifically on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. On a national basis, the most relevant criteria, in the view of stakeholders, are the availability of a skilled workforce. The “economic prosperity” and “financial investments and external aid” are the most critical gaps commonly perceived in all the States. The most applicable State to locate a Special Economic Zone is Banadir Regional Administration, which is perceived to be relatively better off concerning Environmental Conditions, Workforce Skills, Finance and External Aid, and Government Policies and Security. Moreover, the discrepancy between Banadir Regional Administration, but also Somaliland, and the other States is alarming, showing that the more advanced States are the ones that have a higher level of security, population, and also more reliable infrastructure. This information is vital for government and policymakers to support less developed countries' economic and social growth.