bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early diagnosis of placenta accreta in case of mid trimester postabortal haemorrhage with previous 3 cesarean sections
Authors: Gautam Arti , Malik Neeru , Jain Sandhya
Published: August 2023

: To know the risk and management of postabortal haemorrhage in patients with previous caesarean delivery to prevent maternal mortality.

: Placenta accreta is an emergency life threatening obstetric situation may also complicate first trimester and midtrimester abortion and encountered as profuse vaginal bleeding and difficulty in placenta removal at delivery. The incidence of placenta accreta increased from 1 in 30,000 pregnancies in 1960 to 1 in 533 pregnancies in 2000. Placenta accreta developed in 55 of 590 women with placenta previa and 7 of 156080 without placenta previa. Increased incidence of caesarean increases the incidence of placenta accreta. Multiple caesarean deliveries are largest risk factor for placenta accreta. On the basis of a high risk factor, suspected case of placenta accreta spectrum, must be diagnose and be in charge of a multidisciplinary team with better maternal and fetal outcome.

A 36 years old patient, P3L3A1 had prior 3 LSCS with retained placenta with profuse bleeding per vaginum with history of expulsion of fetus (18 week) on the way to hospital, presented to labor room. Patient was unbooked and uninvestigated. Initial resuscitation done along with oxytocic given but no sign of placental separation was there and bleeding was continued. On the basis of torrential bleeding and history of previous three caesarean deliveries, patient is immediately shifted to the operation theatre for exploratory laparotomy in view or provisional diagnosis of a morbidly adherent placenta with torrential haemorrhage. On laparotomy, the anterior surface of lower uterine segment of uterus accompanied by numbers of engorged blood vessels. Bladder was spared. Decision of exploratory laparotomy taken into consideration of morbidly adherent placenta, and procedure was ended with Subtotal hysterectomy, haemostasis achieved. 2 units PCV transfused intraoperatively and patient was shifted to intensive care unit for observation postoperatively. Her postoperative duration was uneventful; she got discharged on postoperative day6 under satisfactory condition. The specimen was sent for histopathological examination.

Vigilant monitoring and timely intervention in obstetric emergencies can avoid maternal mortality.

We wish to highlight the vigilant monitoring and timely decision, active collaboration by multidisciplinary team improve outcomes in patient of postabortal haemorrhage in midtrimester with previous caesarean delivery with placenta accreta spectrum.
Diversity and abundance of parasitoid fauna associated with the pests of certain medicinal plants of West Bengal
Authors: K. SWAPNA RANI  , S. PAL  , K. T. SHIVAKUMARA  , GUPTA ANKITA
Published: August 2023

A preliminary study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 to explore the parasitoid fauna associated with insect pests and their per cent parasitism levels in the field as well as to understand the diversity of parasitoids in the medicinal plants ecosystem under northern tracts of West Bengal. In course of the study, a total of ten parasitoid species belonging to 5 families from 2 orders were observed in this ecosystem. Hymenopteran parasitoids were dominant, i.e., more than 90% and only one fly parasitoid species from Diptera belonging to the family Tachinidae was observed. Amongst the hymenopteran parasitoids, braconids were the prime species, found parasitizing various insect pests. All these parasitoids were observed attacking lepidopteran caterpillars which were predominant defoliators on various medicinal plants. The per cent parasitism by Copidosoma sp. on Helcystogramma hibisci was 38% which was the highest and found effective in the suppression of pest population.
Fitness and population build-up of a native predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis, on tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta, in a modified crop habitat
Authors: UDAYAKUMAR AMALA , H. S. VENU  , SHIVALINGASWAMY TIMALAPUR M.
Published: August 2023

The tomato pinworm damage, population build-up, the damage and longevity of native predatory bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis in sole crop and diversified crop of tomato (pumpkin and sunn hemp as border crop + a patch of sunn hemp as hedgerow) were studied. Infestation of tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta was found to be the highest in the sole crop (5.60 live mines/plant at 20 DAP) compared to the diversified crop of tomato (1.50 live mines per plant). No significant difference in the number of necrotic rings per plant was observed between the sole crop and the diversified crop of tomatoes. The development period of nymphs of N. tenuis was the shortest in tomatoes followed by pumpkin. The results of the present study confirmed the role of crop diversification in supporting the population build-up of predatory bug N. tenuis in effecting the biological control of pinworm in tomato crop.
The Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Bariatric Surgery Patients
Authors: ANNAKKAYA Ali Nihat , GÜLEÇ BALBAY Ege , PEHLİVAN Mevlüt , BALBAY Öner
Published: August 2023

Objective: Obesity is one of the most important risk factors and also consequences of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Weight loss and positive airway pressure therapy are the main approaches in the treatment of OSA. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OSA in obesity patients scheduled for bariatric surgery.

Methods: In the University Hospital Obesity Center, 141 consecutive patients who were candidates for bariatric surgery in 2015 were clinically evaluated preoperatively for sleep-related respiratory disorders. Preoperative polysomnographic examination was recommended to all cases.

Results: Of 141 bariatric surgery candidates with a mean age of 37±10 years, and 103 (73%) were female. The mean body mass index of the cases was 46.9±6.4 kg/m2. Among the major symptoms of OSA, snoring was present in 119 (84.4%), daytime sleepiness in 63 (44.7%) and witnessed apnea in 49 (34.8%) patients. OSA was detected because AHI>5/hour was found in 75.7% (84/111) of the patients who accepted the polysomnographic evaluation. 24.3% (27/111) of the cases who underwent polysomnography had non OSA, 29.7% (33/111) mild OSA, 17.1% (19/111) moderate OSA, and 28.8% (32 /111), severe OSA was detected. AHI was positively correlated with age (p=0.003), neck and waist diameter (p
Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Renal Function Among Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Onabanjo Olusoji A. , O. Nwhator Solomon , Arogundade Fatiu A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis has been established. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on renal function among pre-dialysis CKD patients.
Methods: This is an intervention study involving 120 CKD participants. 60 CKD participants constituted the intervention group while 60 CKD participants constituted the control group. Blood samples were collected from all participants at baseline and after 3 months for the measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum creatinine for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Periodontal clinical examination was performed in all participants at six sites per tooth by the researcher for the measurement of Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The intervention group received NSPT (scaling and root planning) and oral hygiene motivation while the control group received only oral hygiene motivation only. Re-evaluation was done after 3 months.
Results: In this study, three months post NSPT, PPD reduced from 5.44mm to 3.17mm (P < 0.01) and CAL from 6.29mm to 4.29mm (P < 0.01) in the intervention group. There was also a statistically significant reduction in the mean values of hsCRP and IL-6 at 3 months post NSPT in the intervention group (p<0.01). However, there was no reduction observed in the control group (p=0.59 and 0.66) respectively. Estimated GFR (eGFR) for the intervention group improved from 40.55 mL/min/1.73m2 to 43.22 mL/min/1.73m2 three months post NSPT (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential beneficial effects of NSPT on renal function among pre-dialysis CKD participants as estimated by improvement in eGFR.
Nomination and Neutralization of the State Law Space in Modern and Contemporary History
Authors:   Head, Department of History of State and Law of the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Distinguished Lawyer of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Science (Law), Professor, Isaev Igor A.
Published: August 2023

The article reviews state and law in the modern and contemporary period of civilizational development from the social design standpoint. Symbolic power creates social space by progressively pursuing the historical path from state, bureaucratic to global power that establishes its own global order.
Modernization of Law and Preservation of Historical Continuity (Experience of the PRC)
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Southern Federal University, Konopy Anna S.
Published: August 2023

The article determines historical regularities of development of the legal system of the PRC, justifies that preservation of legal traditions, spiritual and moral framework in the conditions of the establishment of the digital paradigm of law is the most efficient approach to building of a digital law-governed state.
Post-Classical Studies of Law: Prospects of the Research Program
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Saint Petersburg Law Institute (Branch) of the University of Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Chestnov Ilya L.
Published: August 2023

The author of the article words prospects of post-classical studies of law as a research program, which stipulates anthropologism, constructionism, relativism and contextualism, practical, milestone and symbolic measurement of legal reality that has multiple facets and is potentially limitless in its external manifestations.
The Imperial Paradigm of Public Administration in Russia in the 18th to the Early 20th Century: The Essence, Research Areas
Authors:   Deputy Director, Acting Head of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Novosibirsk State University, LL.D., Associate Professor, Krasnyakov Nikolay I.
Published: August 2023

The author analyzes the elements that make up the imperial paradigm in relation to the sphere of public administration in Russia during the XVIII — early XX centuries. In dialectical unity, systemic-structural, comparative-legal and historical-legal methods are used within the framework of a materialistic approach to states and law. The range of issues concentrating the vision of the evolution of imperial Russia in the political and state sphere is determined. The article examines the implementation of state power in relation to social organization, transformations of the state apparatus in the center and in the regions, the dynamics of the ideological component of statehood.
The Origination and Evolution of the Judicial Administration Term
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal Law of the Kurgan State University Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Associate Professor, Abdulin Robert S.
Published: August 2023

The object of the article’s research is the process of the emergence and development of the concept of “judicial management”. The subject of the study is the issues of the formation of the system of public administration in the judicial sphere in various historical conditions, their features at different stages of development, the originality of formulations denoting judicial management before the emergence of such a concept. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the fact that the author summarizes and systematizes theoretical knowledge on the formation and development of the concept of ‘judicial management’, explores the terminological features and principles of modern judicial management. All this made it possible to objectively assess the process of formation and development of judicial management, to see its new facets, the categorical apparatus reflecting the content of the concept of ‘judicial management’. The main methods of research of the topic of the article were historical-legal and formal-logical methods with the help of which the characteristic properties of such a phenomenon as ‘judicial management’ were learned.
Subjects of Legal Relations of Digital Platforms as a Financial Technology Implementation Mechanism
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of International and Public Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, PhD (Law), Barakina Elena Yu.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal consolidation and practice of legal relations that develop during the functioning of digital platforms based on distributed registry systems. The author analyzes the documents of functioning platforms for the issuance of digital financial assets, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation defining the legal status of subjects of digital platforms. The opinions of scientists on problematic and controversial issues of legal regulation of the functioning of digital platforms are given. The positive aspects of the formulation of the rights and obligations of subjects of digital platforms are highlighted on the example of existing operators of information systems that issue digital financial assets.
The Relationship of Taekwondo Coaches’ Feedback Types, Student-Athletes’ Sport Ability Belief and Deliberate Practice
Authors:   The World Society of Taekwondo Culture, Ha Junghee , Yoon SangYung
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between perceived coach feedback types, sports ability beliefs, and deliberate practice among high school Taekwondo athletes. The participants were 287 athletes affiliated with high school Taekwondo clubs (184 males, 103 females). Data were collected through a survey, and descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to derive the results. The findings revealed the following: Firstly, corrective feedback among coach feedback types influenced the subfactors of sports ability beliefs, specifically learning and improvement (incremental belief), while negative feedback influenced safety and talent (entity belief). Secondly, both corrective and negative feedback types had significant effects on deliberate practice. Thirdly, the subfactor of learning and improvement (incremental belief) within sports ability beliefs had a significant impact on deliberate practice. These results suggest that coaches using corrective feedback are most desirable in promoting athletes' incremental belief and deliberate practice.
The Effects of Participants’ Satisfaction of the Experiential Marine Sport Event on Community Consciousness, Regional Development, and Revisit and Recommendation Intention
Authors:   The World Society of Taekwondo Culture, Kim Jong Back , Lee Jae Bin
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of participants’satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention. This study seeks win-win plans with local communities and the local government by holding marine sport events and presents policy data and implications for regional development. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on participants in the marine sport experience event, one of the side events of the international yacht championship held in B city in 2021. There were 295 usable questionnaires for final data analysis. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN Ver. 26.0. The results of this study are as follows.; First, auxiliary facilities, program promotion, and hosting personnel in the satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event have significant positive effects on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention. Second, there are no significant effects of price using amenities in the satisfaction of the experiential marine sport event on community consciousness, regional development, and revisit and recommendation intention.
Effect of Sunflower Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Blood Metabolites of Mehsana Buffaloes
Authors: Patel J.R. , Patil S.S. , Pawar M.M. , Gami Y.M. , Gupta J.P. , Chauhan H.D. , Raval S.H. , Modi C.P.
Published: August 2023

Background: In early post-partum buffaloes, feed intake is generally insufficient to meet the energy demand for milk production; as a consequence, body reserves are mobilized which can result in metabolic disorders and poor production performance. In order to enhance energy intake and reduce the detrimental effects of a negative energy balance, buffalo diets may be supplemented with lipids/vegetable oil. Some reported benefits of vegetable oil supplementation include increased energy concentration in the diet, reduced supply of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates, and better productive performance. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop in India. Sunflower seed contains about 48-53 percent of edible oil. Recent studies demonstrated that sunflower oil supplementation improved the milk production and nutritional quality of milk fat which is beneficial to human health. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil supplementation on production performance of lactating Mehsana buffalo. Methods: Three experimental groups were as, CON: fed on basal diet (Control), SO125: fed basal diet supplemented with 125 ml of sunflower oil/animal/day and SO250: fed basal diet supplemented with 250 ml of sunflower oil/animal/day for a period of 90 days. Result: There was no difference (P greater than 0.05) in DM intake of lactating buffaloes among the dietary treatments. Dietary inclusion of sunflower oils improved milk yield by 17.9 to 20.7%, 6% FCM yield by 16.4 to 22.9% and ECM yield by 16.0 to 23.0% in SO125 and SO250 groups, respectively as compared to the CON. There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in milk composition and yields of milk components. The milk fatty acid percentages of C20:0 and C24:0 were significantly decreased due feeding of sunflower oil as compared to the CON. Feeding of sunflower oil did not influence milk fat short chain, medium chain, saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in lactating Mehsana buffaloes. The serum concentrations of glucose, total proteins, albumin, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, ALT and AST were not affected (P greater than 0.05) by supplementation of sunflower oil, however, serum cholesterol concentration was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in SO125 and SO250 groups as compared to the CON group.
Processing and Nutritional Evaluation of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Pomace
Authors: Raju C.A. , Begum S. Shamshad , Kalpana B. , Sathish A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), popularly known as the Indian gooseberry, belongs to Euphorbiaceae family is known for its cool, refreshing, pleasant taste and utilised for various products and beverages. During processing, massive amounts of amla pomace that is an abundant source of polyphenols, ascorbic acid, dietary fibre and tannins is discarded as waste. Methods: The research was undertaken to standardize the process of dehydration and nutritional evaluation of amla pomace. The physico-functional properties, sensory evaluation, particle size distribution and its effect on hydration properties, microbial load was carried out from initial to 45 days of storage at both ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions for amla pomace powder. Results: The physico-functional properties indicated pH 3.44, colour L* 86.47, a* -0.74 and b* 11.13, particle density 1.23 g/cm3, water holding capacity 12.30 g/g, water binding capacity 12.37 g/g and swelling capacity 13 mL/g. The nutrient composition was found to have good amount of total dietary fibre (41.7g) with abundant minerals like calcium (128mg), phosphorus (116mg) and magnesium (48mg) along with low fat (0.18g), low carbohydrate (7g) and low calorific value (36 Kcal) per 100g. The phytonutrients, viz., ascorbic acid, tannins and polyphenols were 432, 524 and 677 mg per 100g, respectively. The Sensory scores of Amla pomace were good and the microbial counts were within the permissible limits during 45 days of storage period. Hence, amla pomace powder, a nutritious by-product can be utilized effectively as a functional ingredient in value added products.
Advances in understanding and presenting contamination of fresh produce by Listeria monocytogenes
Authors:   Illinois Institute of Technology, USA, Zhou Xinyi , Zhang Wei ,   Illinois Institute of Technology, USA
Published: August 2023

Due to changes in lifestyle and the increasing awareness of a healthy diet, consumers’ demand for fresh produce during the last few decades has increased rapidly, bringing along new challenges to the produce industry, including food safety issues. The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is often implicated in fresh produce outbreaks due to the lack of “kill” step during processing. Although the incidence rate of L. monocytogenes is relatively low compared to other pathogens, the high fatality rate associated with the outbreaks necessitates the need for advanced understanding of its contamination of fresh produce. This chapter provides information on the current knowledge associated with L. monocytogenes contamination of fresh produce. Specific sections cover the pathogenicity and gene regulation of the pathogen, listeriosis and recent outbreaks, common transmission routes to fresh produce, related guidance and regulations for the fresh produce industry, and current and novel intervention strategies.
Advances in quantitative microbiological risk assessment for pathogens in fresh produce
Authors:   Rutgers University, USA, Schaffner Donald W. , Girbal Marina ,   University of Barcelona, Spain, Igo Matt ,   Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, USA, Casulli Kaitlyn ,   University of Georgia, USA
Published: August 2023

Managing the microbiological safety of fresh produce is a complicated task. Quantitative microbial risk assessments are being used increasingly as an aid to risk management by federal agencies, food industry professionals and academic researchers. This chapter takes a microorganism and historical perspective to review advances in quantitative microbial risk assessment of fresh produce. The chapter reviews microbial risk assessment research over the past 25 years specifically focused on Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and norovirus as important pathogens that have all caused outbreaks linked to fresh produce.
The role of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) in preventing pathogenic microbial contamination of fresh produce
Authors:   Produce Safety Alliance – Cornell University, USA, Saunders Thomas P. , Bihn Elizabeth A. ,   Produce Safety Alliance – Cornell University, USA
Published: August 2023

The microbial safety of fresh fruits and vegetables impacts the health of consumers and the economic viability of farms, packinghouses, and the produce industry. The implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) on farms and in packinghouses over the past 24 years has resulted in an increase in written farm food safety plans and targeted practices aimed at reducing the risks of microbial contamination. Growers have expanded their mindset and management practices to include food safety in addition to the myriad of other production goals including improving crop yield, controlling pests, maintaining market access, and ensuring postharvest quality. The focus of this chapter is to review the role of GAPs in preventing microbial contamination of fresh produce over time. This includes summarizing how GAPs have evolved, the impact they have had on the produce industry, current GAPs and how they are implemented, and projecting their relevance into the future.
Advances in sanitising techniques and their assessment for assuring the safety of fresh produce
Authors:   University of Guelph, Canada, Camacho Martinez Silvia Vanessa , Hasani Mahdiyeh ,   University of Guelph, Canada, Warriner Lara Jane ,   University of Guelph, Canada, Warriner Keith ,   University of Guelph, Canada
Published: August 2023

Fresh produce accounts for the majority of foodborne illness outbreaks and >30% of food waste attributed to premature spoilage. To date, pathogen control has been focused on the pre-harvest stage, in the form of testing and Good Agricultural Practice, given the limited efficacy of post-harvest washing to remove field-acquired contamination. However, the open nature of production systems and unreliability of testing have led to increased attention on post-harvest interventions as a type of ‘pasteurisation’ step. Attempts to improve the washing process involve identifying and maintaining sufficient free chlorine in wash tanks to prevent cross-contamination events. Alternative sanitisers to chlorine have also been evaluated although at best, minimize cross-contamination rather than support decontamination. This has led to the development of aqueous-free produce decontamination methods with gas-phase, gas plasma and hydroxyl-radical treatments showing promise. The development of a standard validation method to compare technologies is discussed along with future directions.
The role of good manufacturing practice and hazard analysis and critical control point systems in maintaining the safety of minimally processed fresh produce
Authors:   University of Central Lancashire, UK, Wallace Carol A. , Soon Jan M. ,   University of Central Lancashire, UK, Nyarugwe Shingai P. ,   University of Central Lancashire, UK
Published: August 2023

Minimally-processed fresh produce items have been implicated in multiple foodborne disease outbreaks. This reiterates the important role of Good Manufacturing Practices and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) to ensure the safety of minimally processed fresh produce. The main elements of GMP include personnel, premises, products & processes and procedures. The implementation of GMP requires a collective effort from staff and management to ensure all elements are applied effectively and provides a solid foundation for HACCP. Within a minimally-processed produce setting, the combination of effective GMP and control measures can provide a hurdle technology effect. The application of HACCP principles facilitates the identification and understanding of likely hazards, their significance and options for control measures. This chapter considers the key hazards and lessons from previous outbreaks and discusses the current best practices in the application of GMP and HACCP to assure the safety of minimally-processed fresh produce.
El mar no cesa
Authors: Orozco Moreno Juan Manuel
Published: August 2023

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Pandemia trouxe oportunidades para mais inclusão na ciência
Authors: Oliveira Monique Batista de , Barata Germana Fernandes , Hafiz Mariana , Marshall Melanie Benson , Pinfield Stephen
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A pandemia da Covid-19 produziu um grande volume de dados científicos e fomentou práticas abertas de ciência em função do compartilhamento de dados para o controle do vírus Sars-CoV-2. Tal cenário gerou oportunidades para o movimento da Ciência Aberta (CA). Objetivo: O intuito deste artigo é mapear as narrativas circulantes sobre práticas de CA durante a pandemia – com destaque aos debates sobre acesso público ao conhecimento e a práticas e valores características de Equidade, Diversidade e Inclusão (EDI). Metodologia: Realizou-se análise documental e temática de 30 artigos científicos, notícias na imprensa, posts de blogs e materiais institucionais publicados em português obtidos mediante busca por palavras-chave no SciELO, Google e bibliotecas da Câmara e do Senado. Resultados: Observou-se que 36,6% (11) dos documentos mencionaram valores de EDI, enquanto 70% (21) incluíram discussões sobre acesso público e universal ao conhecimento. Os textos poderiam apresentar ambas as temáticas, sendo contabilizados tanto na categoria de EDI quanto de acesso público. Da amostra, 23% (7) não mencionaram nenhuma dessas duas categorias e 77% apresentaram ao menos uma delas. Conclusão: De modo geral, o uso da ciência aberta foi associado à rápida produção de respostas para a pandemia, o que levanta questões sobre a continuidade de práticas abertas em períodos em que essa urgência não esteja presente. Quanto ao debate sobre EDI, embora ainda incipiente, a pandemia apresenta oportunidades de coprodução do conhecimento e práticas mais inclusivas — com experiências de debates públicos em tempo real da construção de evidências.
Strategies of cerebral protection and neurologic dysfunctions after circulatory arrest: back to the future?
Authors: Calafiore Antonio M. , Prapas Sotirios , Guarracini Stefano , Di Marco Massimo , Lorusso Roberto , Paparella Domenico , Katsavrias Kostas , Totaro Antonio , Di Mauro Michele
Published: August 2023

The introduction of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (CA) was the factor that contributed to the diffusion of aortic arch surgery in the surgical world. The progressive quest to improve the outcome of such a complex surgery included the introduction of different tools to better protect the brain, such as retrograde or antegrade cerebral perfusion. The increased experience not only resulted in a continuous improvement of the results, but also facilitated the widespread adoption of arch surgery across most of the cardiac Centers. The trend moved towards a gradual rise in the temperature (from ≤ 20 to 30 °C), coupled with a preference for selective/unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion for brain protection. Nevertheless, results are not perfect and neurologic dysfunctions, temporary or permanent, remain a frequent complication. The spinal cord is not completely protected by cerebral perfusion and ischemia of the lower body can cause organ malfunctions with severe consequences. After decades, the field is still open for new strategies to minimize the damages intrinsic to the procedure. This review will briefly describe the energetics of the brain, the mechanisms of neurologic dysfunctions, and the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies of cerebral protection commonly used during CA for aortic arch surgery.
Bioreceptor-inspired soft sensor arrays: recent progress towards advancing digital healthcare
Authors: Arab Hassani Faezeh
Published: August 2023

Recent advances in soft sensor technology have pushed digital healthcare toward life-changing solutions. Data reliability and robustness can be realised by building sensor arrays that collect comprehensive biological parameter data from several points on the underlying organs simultaneously, a principle that is inspired by bioreceptors. The rapid growth of soft lithography and printing, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and weaving/knitting technologies has facilitated the low-cost development of soft sensors in the array format. Advances in data acquisition, processing, and visualisation techniques have helped with the collection of meaningful data using arrays and their presentation to users on personal devices through wireless communication interfaces. Local- or cloud-based data storage helps with the collection of adequate data from sensor arrays over time to facilitate reliable prognoses based on historical data. Emerging energy harvesting technologies have led to the development of techniques to power sensor arrays sustainably. This review presents developmental building blocks in wearable and artificial organ-based soft sensor arrays, including bioreceptor-inspired sensing mechanisms, fabrication methods, digital data-acquisition techniques, methods to present the results to users, power systems, and target diseases/conditions for treatment or monitoring. Finally, we summarise the challenges associated with the development of single and multimodal array sensors for advanced digital healthcare and suggest possible solutions to overcome them.
Cyber Risk Contagion
Authors: Agosto Arianna , Giudici Paolo
Published: August 2023

Financial technologies, stemming from the application of artificial intelligence to big data in finance, are continuously expanding, across different markets and financial services. While financial technologies bring many opportunities, such as reduced costs and extended inclusion, they also bring risks, among which cyber risks, which are constantly increasing and are difficult to measure. Among the difficulties in measurement lies the existence of interdependence among different cyber risks. The study of interdependence and possible contagion channels between cyber attacks to different institutions and economic sectors is indeed increasingly important to ensure economic and financial sustainability. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes a multivariate model for count time series of cyber risk events, in which the time-varying intensity parameter determining the probability that a cyber attack occurs evolves according to general autoregressive score models, taking both time and sectorial dependence into account. The model is particularly suitable for studying how the behaviors of different markets or sectors are interconnected and it constitutes a new approach to the multivariate analysis of count time series of cyber loss events.
Spinors and Spatial Vectors Are Part of the Number System; They Are Extensions of Complex Numbers into Three-Dimensional Space
Authors: Mugeraya Srinivasa
Published: August 2023

Spinors are used for the computation of probability in quantum mechanics. They are treated as elements of a complex vector space in contrast to a real vector space. Spinor theory is abstract mathematics with an ambiguous interpretation. The overall phase of spinors does not affect the computation of probability in quantum mechanics. If two spinors have an overall phase of imaginary number , then they can be treated like vectors in a real vector space. The square of the magnitude of the number, which is the sum of dot product and the term having basis vector of cross product of two such vectors, is equal to the probability computed using the corresponding spinors. Therefore, the geometry of such spinors can be easily depicted in a three-dimensional space like vectors in a real vector space. Spinors are not isotropic vectors in Hilbert space. The sum of dot product and cross product of two complex numbers is equivalent to the quotient of the division of one complex number by another. Similarly, the sum of dot product and cross product of two vectors is the quotient of the division of one vector by another. Using the rules of division of vectors, we can find the rules of multiplication of vectors. The rules of multiplication and division of basis vector match the rules of multiplication and division of imaginary number . Therefore, basis vector is nothing but imaginary number . Multiplication of dot and cross product of two vectors to the second vector will give us the components of the first vector that are parallel and orthogonal to the second vector. Vectors are also made up of complex numbers like spinors. The reason for finding dot product of complex numbers in the process of computing the probability is to ignore the overall phase in contrast to the phase difference. This is misconstrued as complex vector space in quantum mechanics. 3-D number which is nothing but a spinor with new notation is an extension of vector algebra. It can have a real number as a term in addition to the terms , and . In all other respects, it is a vector. 3-D numbers are part of the number system like real numbers and complex numbers. The real numbers are one dimensional numbers, the complex numbers are two-dimensional numbers and the 3-D numbers as well as vectors and spinors are three-dimensional numbers. As polarisation and spin are one and the same, we can straight away apply 3-D numbers to polarisation of light. 3-D numbers will greatly simplify the study of areas of science where three-dimensional space is involved.
Mechanisms of PIEZO Channel Inactivation
Authors: Zhou Zijing , Martinac Boris
Published: August 2023

PIEZO channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are the newly identified mechanosensitive, non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca2+. In higher vertebrates, PIEZO1 expresses ubiquitously in most of the tissues and cells while PIEZO2 expresses more specifically in the peripheral sensory neurons. PIEZO channels contribute to a wide range of biological behaviors and developmental processes, therefore driving a significant attention in the effort to understand their molecular properties. One prominent property of PIEZO channels is their rapid inactivation, which manifests itself as a decrease of channel open probability in the presence of a sustained mechanical stimulus. Lack of the PIEZO channel inactivation is linked to various mechanopathologies emphasizing the significance of studying this PIEZO channel property and the factors affecting it. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the PIEZO channel inactivation, its modulation by interaction of the channels with lipids and/or proteins, and how the changes of PIEZO inactivation by the channel mutations can cause a variety of diseases in animals and humans.
Trends on Wind Speed Forecasting: Umbrella Review of the Last 5 Years
Authors: Costa Rocha Paulo Alexandre , De Andrade Carla Freitas , Bueno André Valente , Lobo Fernanda Leite , Moura de Oliveira Mona Lisa , Van Griensven Thé Jesse , Gharabaghi Bahram
Published: August 2023

The most important step for the installation of a wind farm is to know the wind regime in the region, since an error in estimating this wind speed causes an error proportional to the cube of power, resulting in financial losses for investors. Therefore, knowing the methods used for predicting wind speed becomes important and the knowledge of how research and studies in this area are going helps map the subject and outline strategies for developing research in strategic areas. For this purpose, the Scopus database was used considering some keywords, such as ("forecast" OR "prevision") AND "wind" AND ("turbine" OR "power" OR "energy" or "velocity" or "speed"), considering the period since 2019, and analyzing the data of the documents found using the Bibliometrix package. With the results found, it was possible to map researchers, institutions that are developing work in this area, in addition to the most cited articles, among other aspects analyzed.
Enhancing Water Depth Estimation from Satellite Imagery using Online Machine Learning: A Case Study using Baidu Easy-DL
Authors: Wu Zhongqiang , Mao Zhihua , Yang Haixia , Shen Wei
Published: August 2023

Water depth estimation holds paramount importance in various domains including navigation, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Traditional depth measurement methods such as bathymetry can often be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming, especially in remote or inaccessible areas. This study delves into the application of machine learning techniques, with a specific focus on the Baidu Easy DL model, for water depth estimation leveraging satellite imagery. Utilizing Sentinel-2 satellite data over Rushikonda Beach in India and processing it into remote sensing reflectance using the ACOLITE software, the research compares the performance of several machine learning algorithms, including the Stumpf Model, Log-Linear Model, and the Baidu Easy DL Model, for accurate depth estimation. The results indicate that the Easy-DL model outperforms traditional methods, particularly excelling in the 0-11 meter depth range. This study showcases the substantial potential of machine learning in the realm of remote sensing, offering robust water depth estimates, even in complex coastal environments. Furthermore, it underscores the critical role of comprehensive training datasets and ensemble learning techniques in enhancing accuracy. This research not only opens avenues for further exploration of machine learning applications in remote sensing but also highlights the promising prospects of online model APIs in streamlining remote sensing data processing.
The Significance of Environmental Education in the Determinants of Consumer’s Pro-Environmental Behavior: Lessons from Indonesia and Taiwan
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Peng San-Jung , Lin Jan-Yan
Published: August 2023

The demand for industries to enhance sustainability is rising in response to climate change worries. A pervasive and intensifying worldwide environmental problem, plastic pollution has a particularly severe impact on climate change. The production of significant volumes of plastic garbage occurs mostly in Asian regions. So, it's commonplace to talk about pro-environmental conduct nowadays. Indonesia and Taiwan are chosen as case studies of developed and developing regions, respectively. The cultural differences between the two areas do, however, exist in terms of environmental values, and this further influences consumer behavior. In order to understand how environmental education has influenced pro-environmental behavior, this study examines how environmental attitude, knowledge, motivation, and intention have changed as a result of environmental education. By sending electronic questionnaires to a sample of 235 respondents (110 Indonesian and 125 Taiwanese), gathered between March 11 and April 30, 2023, we employ quantitative approaches and data-gathering procedures. The CB-Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS analytical tool is used to examine the data. We are able to draw important conclusions from the study of differences between Indonesian and Taiwanese and make suggestions for more research as well as theoretical and managerial ramifications.
Retrospective Identification of a Lyssavirus mokola (MOKV) in a Domestic Cat (Felis catus) from Eswatini
Authors: Tsie Kefentse , Ngoepe Ernest , Phahladira Baby , Khumalo Nelisiwe , Sabeta Claude
Published: August 2023

Rabies is one of the most significant public and veterinary health problem, causing ap-proximately 59 000 human deaths annually in the developing countries of Asia and Afri-ca. The aetiologic agent, a viral species of the Lyssavirus genus, is highly neurotropic and has a wide host range including terrestrial mammals and several Chiropteran species. The Lyssavirus mokola (MOKV) was first isolated in the late 1960s from organ pools of shrews (Crocidura flavescens manni) in the Mokola forest (Nigeria). To date, at least 30 MOKV isola-tions have been confirmed, all exclusively from Africa, with 73% from southern Africa. There is a limited knowledge about the epidemiology of MOKV and the reservoir host spe-cies is unknown. Here we report on a retrospective identification of a new MOKV from Eswatini, based on molecular characterization of rabies viruses originating from both domestic and African wild cats. A partial region of the lyssavirus genome, encoding the nucleoprotein, was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis retrospec-tively identified a rare lyssavirus, a Lyssavirus mokola from a domestic cat from Eswatini, whilst the majority of the lyssaviruses were identified as Lyssavirus rabies (98%). Further-more, the nucleotide sequence divergence between the recently identified MOKV isolate, and the historical Lyssavirus mokola isolates ranged from 6.8% and 8.3%. This study further highlights the association between the potential host species of Lyssavirus mokola and the domestic cat as an incidental host. Therefore, continuous vaccination of domestic cats against rabies is crucial even after the elimination of dog-mediated rabies as spill-over re-lated to sylvatic rabies cycles is likely to occur.
Dynamic Analysis of a Timoshenko-Ehrenfest SWCNT in the Presence of Surface Effects: The Truncated Theory
Authors: Lippiello Maria , De Rosa Maria Anna , Onorato Antonella , Elishakoff Isaac
Published: August 2023

Carbon nanotubes have sparked a substantial amount of scientific and technological research due to their exceptional mechanical, physical and electrical characteristics compared to conventional materials. As a result, detailed studies on their mechanical properties have been conducted, and static and dynamic behavior of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been proposed using Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models.
The main objective of this paper is to study the free vibration of a Timoshenko-Ehrenfest single-walled carbon nanotube based on the nonlocal theory and taking surface effects into account. To model these effects on frequency response of nanotubes, we use Eringen’s nonlocal elastic theory and surface elastic theory proposed by Gurtin and Murdoch to modify the governing equation. A modified version of Timoshenko nonlocal elasticity theory - known as the nonlocal truncated Timoshenko beam theory - is put forth to investigate the free vibration behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Using the Hamilton’s principle, the governing equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived. Finally, to check the accuracy and validity of the proposed method, some numerical examples are carried out. The impacts of the nonlocal coefficient, surface effects and nanotube length on the free vibration of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) are evaluated and the results are compared with those found in the literature. The findings indicate that the length of the nanotube, the nonlocal parameter and the surface effect all play important roles and should not be disregarded in the vibrational analysis of nanotubes. Finally, the results show how effective and successful the current formulation is at explaining the behavior of nanobeams.
NK92 Expressing anti-BCMA CAR and Secreted TRAIL: a Promising Combination Treatment against Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Motais Benjamin , Charvatova Sandra , Walek Zuzana , Hajek Roman , Bagó Juli
Published: August 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) has witnessed improved patient outcomes through advancements in therapeutic approaches. Notably, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies have contributed to enhanced quality of life. Recently, a promising avenue has emerged with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed widely on MM cells. To mitigate risks associated with allogenic T cells, we investigated the potential of BCMA CAR expression in natural killer cells (NKs), known for potent cytotoxicity and minimal side effects. Using the NK-92 cell line, we co-expressed BCMA CAR and soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL) employing the PiggyBac transposon system. Engineered NK cells (CAR-NK-92-TRAIL) demonstrated robust cytotoxicity against a panel of MM cell lines and primary patient samples, outperforming unmodified NK-92 cells with a mean difference in viability of 45,1% (± 26,1%, depending on the target cell line). Combination therapy was explored with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) and γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI), leading to a significant synergistic effect in combination with CAR-NK-92-TRAIL cells. This synergy was evident in cytotoxicity assays where a notable decrease in MM cell viability was observed in combinatorial therapy compared to single treatment. In summary, our study demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the CAR-NK-92-TRAIL cells for the treatment of MM. The synergistic impact of combining these engineered NK cells with BZ and GSI supports further development of allogeneic CAR-based products for effective MM therapy.