bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Targets In Breast Cancer Signaling: A Review
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Babar Quratulain , Vincent C. C. N. , Udenze Chikwendu Lawrence , Eze Richard , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Ifionu Bart I. , Amaeze Augustine Amaeze , Amaeze Florence Ngozi
Published: December 2021

For women, the most dominant type of cancer is breast cancer and perhaps one of the most recognizedreasons of death. This is a disorder of many distinct traits, many of which are known as positive hormone receptor, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2+), and three negative breast cancers (TNBC). Drugs that directly target and kill tumors constitute a rapidly-growing form of molecular therapy for cancer patients. Analysis reveals that stable breast tissue cells exhibit receptors which aren't usually present. As a result, it is imperative to cognize the molecular roots of breast cancer and the myriad compromised pathology-related processes and pathways to ensure progresses in early diagnosis and prevention. This study demonstrates essential cellular pathways relevant for breast cancer including improvements in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone balances in breast tissues. On the basis of these notions, we consider how breast cancer is associated to the creation of potentially therapeutic interventions and predictive biomarkers.
A Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presented with Multiple Discharging Sinus Over the Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh
Authors: Kumar K. Senthil , Megha . , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Dhanashekar . , Sandeep U.
Published: December 2021

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy. The most important etiological factor is chronic exposure to the ultraviolet rays and hence exposed areas of the body are the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma.  It is very uncommon for SCC to occur at unexposed areas of the body, and it is usually associated with long standing ulcers, sinus or immunosuppression. Here we are reporting a rare of Squamous Cell carcinoma which developed from multiple discharging sinus over the posterior aspect of left thigh in a 67 year old male.
Level of Knowledge of Sports Coaches and Physical Education Teachers in Physical Therapy in Jordan
Authors: Gaowgzeh Riziq Allah , Subramanian Shenbaga Sundaram , Maayah Mikhled Falah , Alfawaz Saad S. , Neamatallah Ziyad , Altaim Thamer Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Physiotherapy is a profession that helps to restore movement and function following an injury or illness. This study sought to identify the physical therapy knowledge of physical education teachers and sports coaches in Jordan. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on several sports coaches and physical education teachers in Jordan. Participants were given the questionnaire through google forms, and they were all advised to fill it up. A predetermined selection criterion was used to select the participants. Out of 250 volunteers chosen for the study, only 152 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis. A self-administer questionnaire consisting was developed, which includes two parts. Part I collects the demographical data, and part II contains the questionnaires, including physiotherapy. The consent form is attached with the questionnaire, and those who gave consent to use the data were included in the analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. with the alpha set for significance at <0.05. Overall, it identified that 84% of the sports coaches and physical education teachers know physiotherapy services well. This study concluded that a more significant proportion of the sports coaches and physical education teachers have a good understanding of physical therapy services provided to the sports personnel in Jordan. They have good knowledge of physical therapy techniques and services provided, and they also have a good understanding of their role in on-field and off-field management.
A Review on Acotiamide
Authors: Padmaja S. , Naveen G.
Published: December 2021

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is mainly treated by drugs like H2 receptors antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics. A novel prokinetic drug to treat FD with 2 subtypes: Epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) & postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), has been introduced recently by the approval of Acotiamide, the first in class, muscarinic receptor antagonist & cholinesterase inhibitor. It has shown improvement in gastric motility in rodents & dogs and reduced PDS symptoms in patients in Double- blinded multicentric study.
Effect of Super Brain Yoga on Concentration and Memory in Children in a Selected Private School, Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram Dt, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Viji V. S. , Subbulakshmi S. , Devi L. Uma
Published: December 2021

Background: The Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory says that the school age is the important stage in the development of self-confidence. Many studies reveals that physical exercise has a positive effect in the cognitive intellectual areas of the children. Regular practice of simple exercise will makes the children more sharp minded and helps to give a better learning outcome

Material & Methods: The main aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of super brain yoga by measuring the changes in concentration and memory in children.. A quantitative evaluative approach was used for this study with a one group pretest and posttest design. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 students aged between 10 to 12 years who were studying in 6th and 7th standard. The practice of super brain yoga was given 20 times over 10 minutes per day for a period of one month. The Digit Cancellation Test and the Knox Cube Test was used to was used to assess the pretest and posttest level of concentration and memory in children.

Results: The pretest mean and standard deviation of concentration was 33.64±5.43 with a standard error of 0.496. The first posttest (at the end of second week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.55± 5.378 with a standard error of 0.491 and the t-value was 0.749. The second posttest (at the end of fourth week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.67±5.393 with a standard error of 0.492 and the t-value was 0.240. The pretest mean and standard deviation of memory was 33.67±4.696with a standard error of 0.429.The first posttest (at the end of second week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.66±4.654with a standard error of 0.425 and the t-value was 0.080. The second posttest (at the end of fourth week of practice of super brain yoga) mean and standard deviation was 33.68±4.700with a standard error of 0.420and the t-value was 0.074. The present study result shows that statistically there was no significant effect of super brain yoga on concentration and memory of children and no association between posttest level of concentration and memory of children with their selected demographic variables.

Conclusion: Hence the study concludes that the super brain yoga has no significant effect on concentration and memory of children with a duration of four weeks of practice.The study recommended that to bring the desired positive effect on children’s concentration and memory the study can be conducted for a long period of time.
Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Phyto-Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra
Authors: Mishra Subhash Chandra , Sharma Neeraj
Published: December 2021

Medicinal plants are the potent source of biologically active compounds and have always been of field of interest for the effective chemotherapeutic agents and offering a broad spectrum of activity with greater emphasis on preventive action. The objective of this study was to screen the phytochemicals, estimate the content of phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids compounds and determines the antioxidant capacity of the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga Linn, Kaempferia parviflora and Kaempferia pulchra (K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra, Zingiberaceae). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoids and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The ethanolic extract of rhizomes of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of all three plants revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrate, and tannin. The total phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids content of ethanolic extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes were 0.813, 1.146; 1.047, 1.237, 0.285; 0.755, 0.822, 0.975/100mg respectively. All extracts showed dose dependent free radical scavenging property in the tested models, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid. The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. galanga, K. parviflora and K, pulchra rhizomes is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. It is expected that the important phytochemical properties recognized by our study in the indigenous medicinal plants will be very useful in the curing of various diseases when taken along with our food.
Evaluation of Health Literacy Levels in Adults: The Case of Ankara Province
Authors: Ertem Abdullah Alper , Güzel Alper , Zekioğlu Aysu
Published: December 2021

The concept of health literacy, which is related to issues such as health behaviors, use of health services, satisfaction, has increased in national and international level in recent years. This concept refers to the individual's cognitive and social skills in health-related issues. The aim of this study is to determine the health literacy levels of individuals living in Ankara. The study was carried out with 387 volunteers. In the study, Adult Health Literacy Scale (AHLS), which consists of 23 questions developed by Sezer, was used. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the data. The average level of health literacy obtained in the study was formulated in accordance with the European Health Literacy Study and the level of international competence was determined. Accordingly, 50.1% (194) of the participants in the study were found to be inadequate, 42.1% (163) limited and 7.8% (30) sufficient health literacy. The level of perfect health literacy has not been found. In order to increase the level of health literacy, roadmaps developed jointly by policy makers and health professionals are needed. As the impact of culture on health literacy is known, developing local strategies is thought to be an effective way to increase the level of health literacy. It is important for healthcare professionals, public health professionals and health educators working in primary health care services to take roles in targeting the target population, developing strategy and communicating in the health literacy process.
Estimation of Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women in Rafha city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: A-Elbasit Ishraga Eltayeb M. , Ali Akbar , Ahmed Ali Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Background: Anemia is a global health problem especially affecting pregnant and non-pregnant women. Among many different causes of anemia, iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause. Hemoglobin concentration measurement is among the most commonly performed blood tests, usually as part of a complete blood count.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Rafha Central Hospital and three associated health centers. Pregnant and none pregnant women (400) were included in the study. The data were collected by using questionnaire prepared by the investigator in Arabic language. Informed consents were taken prior to taking data from each participant.

Results: Out of the 400 women enrolled in this study, 235 were pregnant. Majority of the participants were married (86%), and 45% were university graduates. Most of the participants (77.25%) were in the anemic range. The prevalence of anemia was almost equally distributed among pregnant (75.31%) and non-pregnant (80%) women. The prevalence of anemia was significantly associated with the use of tea, coffee and soft drinks.

Discussion and conclusion: Our results show much higher prevalence of anemia than reported by many other studies done inside and outside of Saudi Arabia. We conclude that anemia prevalence in the region is quite large. People must adopt eating and drinking habits which positively affect the absorption of iron from the food and therefore, increase hemoglobin levels in the body.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Peer Pressure on Adolescents of School Going Age in Southern India
Authors: Kumar Shami R. P. , Chaudhary Devanand Gulab , Udayakumar Sivaani , Sujatha Balamma , Sengodan Rajesh , Kumar Santhosh
Published: December 2021

Background: A peer is a person of the same age, status, or ability as another specified person. Peer pressure is the influence of peers on people resulting in change in behaviour which could be positive or negative. As adolescent start exploring their identity towards functional independence, the teen peer relationship plays an important role. This could result in the adolescent giving more importance to the opinions and lifestyle of peer and chances of the adolescent going astray.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school going adolescents of 15-18 years age group. The children were administered a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire on peer, parents, friends and their influence in studies, self-esteem, negative habits like smoking and alcoholism. The data collected was analysed using descriptive analytic method.

Results: 242 students participated in the study. Adolescents preferred long term friendships (84.3%) and friendship with same gender (82.6%) while making friends. Majority of adolescents admitted to have good quality time spent with parents (96.7%) and considered parents as the most influential persons in their lives (88.2%). Teen peer relationship resulted in improvement of academic performance in 61.2% of the respondents. Negative peer influences were seen in few like alcohol intake (5%) and cigarette smoking (2.5%).

Conclusion: Parents are the people who wield the most influence on Adolescents of school going age group in Southern India. Peer group by and large have a positive impact on the school going adolescent.
Causes and Treatment of Tension Headache: A Review
Authors: Alnaim Mounther Mohammed A. , Bukhamsin Sarah Abdulla A. , AlBurayh Yasamiyan Ali , Alshadly Mahmoud Refat S. , Almaslamani Khalid Waleed M. , Alatawi Wejdan Lafi S. , Saber Mohannad Abduljaleel A. , Alzahrani Shahad Abdulaziz S. , Alzuwayyid Ali Hussain I. , Alomrani Heba Homoud H. , Alamrani Amal hamoud , Al Masoud Dalal Khalid H. , Alruwaili Alaa Nemer S. , Alghamdi Kholoud Mohammed O. , Alkhediwi Lama Mohammed A.
Published: December 2021

Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache problem, affecting 46 percent to 78 percent of people at some point in their lives. However, the majority have episodic infrequent TTH (1 day per month or fewer) with no specific need for medical treatment. The diagnosis is made based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. The exact etiology of tension-type headache is unknown. The most likely cause of rare tension-type headaches is activation of hyperexcitable peripheral afferent neurons from head and neck muscles. Nondrug management is commonly utilized and should be considered for all patients with TTH. The scientific evidence for the efficacy of most treatment approaches, on the other hand, is limited. Pharmacological treatment depends on whether the headache is acute or chronic. In this review we will cover the disease epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management.

The aim is to study the Causes and Treatment of Tension Headache method a population-based study in Denmark,  About 24% to 37% of the population experienced TTH several times a month, 10% had it weekly, and 2% to 3% of the population had chronic TTH,

In contrast to migraine, women are only slightly more affected than males (the female-to-male ratio of TTH is 5:4), and onset is delayed (25 to 30 years). Between the ages of 30 and 39.
Association between Endoscopic Findings Vs. Serology Findings of Patients with Suspected Celiac Disease
Authors: Abbasi Anwar Hussain , Ahmed Khawaja Ishfaq , Yousuf Nadeem , Qureshi Mahjabeen Fatima , Shaikh Muhammad Shahzeb , Dogar Zarmina
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine the association between endoscopic findings vs. serology findings of patients with suspected celiac disease

Methods: All the suspected cases (based on their clinical manifestations) of celiac disease were initially recruited having age >14 years and <40 years of both gender. Patients who did not willing to participate, patients already taking gluten diet for more than 3 months, patients with other causes of chronic diarrhea and alternate diagnosis like thyrotoxicosis, whipple’s disease, giardiasis, patients with drug induced diarrhea, patients in whom we cannot perform endoscopy, pregnant women, and patients already diagnosed cases of celiac disease were excluded from this study. Celiac disease was confirmed based on positive anti-tTG antibodies. Endoscopic evaluation of duodenum was performed in all positive cases.

Results: A total of 50 patients were recruited for final analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy was 34.6%. Young population (31.14±6.07 years) with females predominance (72%, n=36) were more common than males. The most common symptoms were presence of chronic diarrhea (74%, n=37) followed by abdominal pain (52%, n=26), nausea & vomiting (34%, n=17), and least common was presence of constipation (2%, n=1). On endoscopic evaluation, out of 50 positive anti-tTG antibodies cases, 24 had normal mucosa while partial villous atrophy observed in 15 (30%) cases and total villous atrophy observed in 11 cases (22%).

Conclusions: Celiac disease was more prevalent in young females and patients usually presents with history of chronic diarrhea. Anti-tTG antibodies have more diagnostic value than duodenal endoscopy. Villous atrophy was found in more than 50% of the patients who were diagnosed with celiac disease.
Scooping Review on the Symptoms of Apana vayu vaigunya in relation with Atiyana
Authors: Anoop A. K. , Vaidya Arun
Published: December 2021

The science of life which explains the knowledge of various guidelines to be followed to make a healthy living is called Ayurveda. With the expansion of facilities of travel and occupation, man has to undertake extensive journeys, through diverse modes such as rail, road, water, etc. Most of these situations cited have been principally implicated in the vaigunya (state of altered functioning) of Apanavayu. The manifestation of Apana vayu vaigunya varies from mild cases of constipation to severe cases of mental disturbances. One of the prominent factors highlighted as a cause of Apana vaigunya is Atiyana (excessive travel by any modality).

Symptoms of Apana Vayu vaigunya told in major classical books of Ayurveda were gathered to deduce a comprehensive understanding of the context. Apanavata is invariably associated with the component of pathogenesis in 45 diseases starting from Vatavyadi, Arsas(piles), Asmari, Prameha, Sosha, Jwara, Rakthapitta(Bleeding disorders), Vatarakta, Gulma(phatom tumour), Udara, Mutrakrcha(difficulty in urination), etc. Later the symptoms possibly associated with the vitiation of Apanavata present in diseases were listed and 332 symptoms were found to be associated with Apana kopa (vitiation of apana). These symptoms were further tabulated according to the order of frequency of occurrence as most repeatedly occurring symptoms, moderately repeated symptoms and least repeated symptoms. Thus out of 332 symptoms, 28 symptoms which can possibly occur due to atiyana were selected. In the modern era, due to irregular and bad habits of ahara, vihara along with the suppression of natural urges, the percentage of Apanavaigunyajanya vyadhis are increasing, which affects physical as well as psychological factors also. Work related travel is also now increasing, so it is the right time to concentrate this issue from the concepts of Ayurveda, Apana vayu vaigunya and athiyana. Based on these observations, aim of the present study is to explore the hidden concept of Apana vaigunya mentioned in Ayurvedic literature in relation with atiyana.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude & Practice of Pedodontists Regarding Disinfection Protocol During COVID 19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Bhagwani Dishika Ishwar , Sajjanar Arunkumar , Kumar Suryakant , Gahlod Niharika , Kolekar Pratima , Aawari Vaidehi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The whole world has been closely focusing on an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019, and that continues to spread. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, not only gives essential knowledge about COVID-19, but also about disinfection protocols in dental settings.

Aim & Objective: To investigate knowledge, attitude & practice of Pedodontists regarding disinfection protocol during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials & Methods: A quick online cross-sectional study was conducted among 335 Pedodontists of India. A 16-point questionnaire was made on Google forms and distributed amongst 420 Pedodontists in India, out of which 335 responded. The collected data was sent for appropriate statistics.

Results: Of the total participants 95.82% of Pedodontists are aware of disinfection protocols to be followed during COVID-19. 57.31% of Pedodontists say that 1% sodium hypochlorite is effective in disinfecting operative surfaces & the best agent to disinfect dental waterlines.

Conclusion: The role of Pedodontists in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 is of paramount importance. The role of Pedodontists in defending covid19 is essential.
Overview on Renovascular Hypertension: Review Article
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Nouh Almutairi, Samia , Alnamy Azam Mohammed , Ayed Alsulami, Roaya , Alshaikh Zainab Ali , Alrethaia Abdulaziz Homoud A. , Aljeraisy Lamia Abdulaziz , Albalawi Thekra Zaidan , Almohseny Ethar Abdulrahman H. , AlGhamdi Fatimah Turki , Alothri Alrayuf Mohammad , R Alotaibi, Turki Abdulelah , Al-sayed Ali Aziz
Published: December 2021

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is a prevalent cause of secondary hypertension that frequently develops to resistant hypertension. It is characterised as systemic hypertension that develops as a result of a restricted blood supply to the kidneys. Patients cannot be recognized clinically from those with essential hypertension; therefore, diagnosis requires arteriography, however urography and isotope renography may hint to the diagnosis. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) and fibromuscular dysplasia are the two most prevalent causes of RVH. The ultimate objective of controlling RVH, like with other kinds of hypertension, is to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with high blood pressure The widespread use of effective antihypertensive medication treatment, statins, and other strategies to control vascular disease has resulted in remarkable improvements. In this review we will be looking at etiology, pathogenesis and treatment or RVH.
Biological Activities of Withanolides from Datura innoxia
Authors: George Ruby , Mathur Priti
Published: December 2021

Aims: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Datura innoxia through the chemoinformatic and antibacterial evaluation of withanolides extracted from it.

Study Design: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and drug-likeness of the withanolides—withametelinol A, withametelinol B, witharifeen, withametelin, dinoxin B, and daturalicin—of D. innoxia were analyzed using the SwissADME program. Schrodinger software was used to target and evaluate their antibacterial potentialities through docking studies. The penicillin-binding protein, DNA gyrase, efflux pump protein, and quorum sensing regulators of S. aureus and E. coli were selected as target proteins for assessing protein–ligand interactions. All observations were comparatively analyzed with the properties of withanolide A and withaferin A, the best-known withanolides. Most active dinoxin B withanolide (12500–100000 μg/ml) extracted from leaves of Datura innoxia; was subjected to antibacterial assay against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant(MDR) E. coli isolated from the urine samples of urinary tract infected patients.

Results: In-silico studies revealed the therapeutical properties of various withanolides present in D. innoxia. In particular, the drug-likeness and antibacterial properties of withametelin and dinoxin B were significantly and remarkably high due to their binding affinity toward cell membrane proteins. Docking studies have shown that the efflux pump protein of E. coli and penicillin-binding proteins of S. aureus to be the ligand -interaction targets. A significant antibacterial assay revealed that the MRSA isolates were susceptible to dinoxin B, with a zone of inhibition of 21±0.5 mm to 24±0.5 mm, and the bacteria were susceptible at a concentration rate of ≤ 12.5 mg/ml.

Conclusion: It is crucial to bring awareness of the therapeutical importance of D. innoxia and to preserve this vital plant from being largely destroyed. As computational studies promote the effective selection of drug molecules, this research also helps to select the best compound for further clinical analysis.
Diagnosis and Management of Fractured Teeth; Review Article
Authors: Noorsaeed Ashwag Siddik , AlMuhanna Mohammed Abdullah , Aljurbua Lujain Hussain , Alturki Salihah Abdulaziz , Balubaid Nojoud Omar , Alfaraj Zahrah Mohammed , Albishi Nouran khalid Wahbi , Alnahwi Ali Maitham , Alsalem Ali Abdullah , Alsumur Ahmed Mohammedali , Alsalem Mohammed Abdullah , Hussain Osamah Ibrahim bin , Algheryafi Sara Shawqi
Published: December 2021

Traumatic damage to the teeth and oral tissues are the most common causes of tooth fracture. Because of their location in the oral cavity, front teeth in the upper jaw are the most commonly fractured. Sports, car accidents, and physical violence are the most prevalent causes. Cracked teeth are often diagnosed by visually inspecting the tooth (preferably utilizing microscopes). The size and form of the fracture plane are not always determined by looking at the crack line. One factor that contributes to the difficulty of effectively making an endodontic diagnosis is the inability to visualize the depth of the fracture through a clinical exam alone. Transillumination, microscopes and dyes are a useful tool for finding and diagnosis of the crack, treatment of the crack depends on the type, extend of the crack as well as the condition of the patient. In this review we’ll be looking at the diagnosis, etiology and management of fractured teeth.
Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Drugs in Hypertensive Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Wajid , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Ali Syed Imran , Leghari Qurratul ain , Jabeen Aisha , Shahid Uzma
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most serious public health issues in the world, affecting around 1.4 billion people worldwide. HTN is becoming highly prevalent in Pakistan, about more than 33% of people over the age of 40 years suffering from the HTN. The illness burden is continuously growing due to the incorrect medicine prescriptions, a lack of education, and a lack of patient compliance. The existence of comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM) should be properly considered while choosing an Antihypertensive medication. Similarly, the prescriptions of Oral Hypoglycemic agent’s appropriate consideration are essential. Oral hypoglycemic medications are divided into several categories. Physicians face a challenge in rationally selecting a regimen from a variety of classes, and the situation becomes more complicated when the patients have additional non-communicable illnesses, such as HTN. The combination therapy of ailments not only effects the patient`s economic status but also effects the quality of life.

Objective: To study the prescribing pattern of Antihypertensive drugs in Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for six months in medicine outpatient department at tertiary care hospitals of Karachi. The study population was observed for the prescribed pattern of Antihypertensive medicines by assessing the 300 prescriptions of Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: The result revealed that the most commonly prescribed single antihypertensive drug was Enalapril 66 (22%) followed by Amlodipine 63(21%), Ramipril 57(19%), Diltiazem 33(11%), Lisinopril 21(7%) losartan k 6(2%), Nebivolol 6(2%), Bisoprolol 3(1%). Dual therapy included Ramipril and Nebivolol 1(0.33%) and Amlodipine+Valsartan 35 (11.67%), Amlodipine+Valsartan+HCTZ 9 (3%) were the antihypertensive drugs prescribed as fixed dose combinations.

Conclusion:  The present study shows Enalapril belonging to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) class was frequently used as single Antihypertensive agent and Amlodipine+Valsartan belonging Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) was the most frequently prescribed fixed dose combination while managing Hypertension of Hypertensive patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Molecular Docking Studies on Phenolic Constituents of Anethum graveolens L. Seed Extracts
Authors: Negru Paul Andrei , Bota Sanda Rodica , Stanasel Oana Delia , Blidar Cristian Felix , Serban Georgeta
Published: December 2021

Background: There are studies indicating that aqueous or hydroalcoholic dill extracts showed higher antioxidant activity compared to other fractions. Molecular docking studies would be relevant to get information on the mechanism of action of the phenolic constituents of Anethum graveolens seed extracts as bioactive compounds.

Methodology: In order to perform the docking studies of antioxidant activity of phenolic constituents of Anethum graveolens seed extracts, BIOVIA Discovery Studio and AutoDock Vina software were used.

Results: The orientation of flavonoids within Hck and CYP2C9 binding sites has been shown to be the main reason for their inhibitory potency.

Conclusion: Molecular docking studies indicate that the compounds identified interact with the target enzymes Hck and CYP2C9 at molecular level through their condensed ring systems and hydroxyl substituents and therefore support the antioxidant capacity of the studied phenolic compounds.
Customers' Perception and Satisfaction towards E-Banking Service in Yemen and Its Quality
Authors: Qasabah Mohammed M. H. , Siddiq Abbokar
Published: December 2021

Providing quality e-banking services helps banks to achieve customer satisfaction, which in turn affects banks' overall financial performance. Therefore, there is need for banks to monitor the quality of the e-banking services they provide. The present study is a quantitative descriptive study intended to measure the level of customer perception and satisfactions towards e-banking service in Yemen and its quality (i.e, overall e-banking service quality as well as the quality of its dimensions: website design, reliability/fulfillment, privacy/security and customer service). The sample included 454 respondents drawn from the population of customers of Yemeni banks that provide e-banking service. The tool of data collection was questionnaire developed by the researchers. The study revealed that the level of customer perception and satisfactions towards e-banking service in Yemen was moderate, and the overall e-banking service quality as well as the quality of its dimensions (website design, reliability/fulfillment, privacy/security and customer service) was also moderate.
IL‐17RD/sef exacerbates experimental mouse colitis and inflammation‐associated tumorigenesis by regulating the proportion of T cell subsets
Authors: Fu Yanxia , Liu Sihan , Li Mengdi , Ren Fangli , Wang Yinyin , Chang Zhijie
Published: December 2021

T helper cells, especially Th1 and Th17 cells, were reported to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying factors regulating T cell functions in IBD progression remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that IL‐17RD/Sef exacerbates DSS‐induced colitis by regulating the balance of T cell subsets and their secretion of associated cytokines. We also observed that IL‐17RD/Sef promotes colitis‐associated tumorigenesis and negatively correlates with survival in both mouse and colorectal cancer patients. Our results suggested that IL‐17RD/Sef functions as a regulator of T cell subsets to promote the inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of IBD and colitis‐associated colon cancer.
Integrative computational approach identifies immune‐relevant biomarkers in ulcerative colitis
Authors: He Tianzhen , Wang Kai , Zhao Peng , Zhu Guanqun , Yin Xinbao , Zhang Yulian , Zhang Zongliang , Zhao Kai , Wang Zhenlin , Wang Ke
Published: December 2021

Ulcerative colitis is a common inflammatory bowel disease with a complex genetic and immune etiology. Immune infiltration plays a vital role in the development of ulcerative colitis. To explore potential biomarkers for ulcerative colitis and analyze characteristics of immune cell infiltration, we used bioinformatic analyses, including machine learning algorithms, cell type deconvolution methods, and pathway enrichment methods. In this study, we identified 216 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs), of which 153 were upregulated, and 63 were downregulated genes. DEMs were mainly enriched in infiltrating neutrophils and regulation of leukocyte migration. Moreover, eight candidate biomarkers, DPP10, MST1L, DPP10‐AS1, CEP55, ACSL1, MGP, OLFM4, and SGK1, were identified. Of these candidate biomarkers, MST1L, OLFM4, and DPP10 were then validated in theGSE48958dataset and were predicted to be strongly correlated with infiltrating immune cells of ulcerative colitis. The underlying mechanism of these key genes in the development of colitis was also predicted by gene set variation analysis. To further validate these biomarkers' expression in ulcerative colitis, we determined mRNA levels ofSGK1,CEP55,ACSL1,OLFM4, andDPP10in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐stimulated Raw264.7 cells by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. We also examinedSGK1,CEP55,ACSL1,OLFM4,DPP10, andMGPexpression in the colon tissues of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis mice. Consistent with the predicted computational results, the mRNA levels of these candidate genes were markedly changed in LPS‐stimulated Raw264.7 cells and inflamed colon tissues. Hence, our findings indicated that these critical genes may act as diagnostic biomarkers for ulcerative colitis and that differential immune infiltration cells may help illustrate the progression of ulcerative colitis.
Biodistribution of Biomimetic Drug Carriers, Mononuclear Cells, and Extracellular Vesicles, in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Haney Matthew J. , Yuan Hong , Shipley Steven T. , Wu Zhanhong , Zhao Yuling , Pate Kelly , Frank Jonathan E. , Massoud Nicole , Stewart Paul W. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Batrakova Elena V.
Published: December 2021

Discovery of novel drug delivery systems to the brain remains a key task for successful treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, the biodistribution of immunocyte‐based carriers, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and monocyte‐derived EVs are investigated in adult rhesus macaques using longitudinal PET/MRI imaging. 64Cu‐labeled drug carriers are introduced via different routes of administration: intraperitoneal (IP), intravenous (IV), or intrathecal (IT) injection. Whole body PET/MRI (or PET/CT) images are acquired at 1, 24, and 48 h post injection of 64Cu‐labeled drug carriers, and standardized uptake values (SUVmean and SUVmax) in the main organs are estimated. The brain retention for both types of carriers increases based on route of administration: IP < IV < IT. Importantly, a single IT injection of PBMCs produces higher brain retention compared to IT injection of EVs. In contrast, EVs show superior brain accumulation compared to the cells when administered via IP and IV routes, respectively. Finally, a comprehensive chemistry panel of blood samples demonstrates no cytotoxic effects of either carrier. Overall, living cells and EVs have a great potential to be used for drug delivery to the brain. When identifying the ideal drug carrier, the route of administration could make big differences in CNS drug delivery.
Effect of the Threshold Kinetics on the Filament Relaxation Behavior of Ag‐Based Diffusive Memristors
Authors: Chekol Solomon Amsalu , Menzel Stephan , Ahmad Rana Walied , Waser Rainer , Hoffmann‐Eifert Susanne
Published: December 2021

Owing to their unique features such as thresholding and self‐relaxation behavior diffusive memristors built from volatile electrochemical metallization (v‐ECM) devices are drawing attention in emerging memories and neuromorphic computing areas such as temporal coding. Unlike the switching kinetics of non‐volatile ECM cells, the thresholding and relaxation dynamics of diffusive memristors are still under investigation. Comprehension of the kinetics and identification of the underlying physical processes during switching and relaxation are of utmost importance to optimize and modulate the performance of threshold devices. In this study, the switching dynamics of Ag/HfO2/Pt v‐ECM devices are investigated. Depending on the amplitude and duration of applied voltage pulses, the threshold kinetics and the filament relaxation are analyzed in a comprehensive approach. This enables the identification of different mechanisms as the rate‐limiting steps for filament formation and, consequently, to simulate the threshold kinetics using a physical model modified from non‐volatile ECM. New insights gained from the combined threshold and relaxation kinetics study outline the significance of the filament formation and growth process on its relaxation time. This knowledge can be directly transferred into the optimization of the operation conditions of diffusive memristors in neuromorphic circuits.
Surface Nanopatterned Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)‐Based Photosensitive Artificial Muscle
Authors: Kim Min‐Soo , Lee Hye‐Sung , Cho Younggyun , Heo Jae Kyung , Quan Ying‐Jun , Lee Seung Woo , Pahk Heui Jae , Ahn Sung‐Hoon
Published: December 2021

Light‐driven shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based microscale actuators show great promise for artificial muscle and biomedical applications, as they are actuated remotely and have a fast response speed. However, ultraviolet (UV) light is required for device actuation; thus, the operating environment has been limited. Here, an infrared (IR) light‐driven SMA actuator is proposed, in which the plasmonic effect is used to enhance IR light absorptance. A sub‐micrometer pattern is used to create an optical meta‐surface capable of tuning the light absorptance. Conical nanohole arrays are fabricated with a focused ion beam. The absorptance tuning effect is evaluated in terms of the optical characteristics and performance of the actuator. The nanopatterned surface increases the narrow‐band IR light absorption by up to 55%. Optics simulations are conducted to verify the experimental results. A pattern design method is proposed, based on the light wavelength of the stimulating source. Combining heterogeneous surfaces, both UV and IR light achieve decoupled microscale actuation. These actuators show a response similar to that of the iris muscle, which is responsible for the eye's pupillary reflex. It is expected that these actuators will broaden SMA applications in clinical devices and soft robotics.
Programmable Polarization of 2D Anisotropic Rare Earth Material for Images Transmission and Encryption
Authors: Chen Ping , Feng Xin , Li Dongyan , Pi Lejing , Li Zexin , Xu Xiang , Wang Haoyun , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: December 2021

Light manipulation has promoted applications in all‐optical processing. 2D anisotropic rare earth (RE) materials are promising for light modulation to realize information transmission and encryption due to the unique optical behaviors of RE ions. Here, image transmission and encryption have been realized by using 2D anisotropic RE material Eu2O3. The polarized photoluminescence (PL) of Eu2O3 has been innovatively applied for information transmission by switching the on/off states. The opposite two modes of polarization‐dependent PL have been applied to grayscale‐resolved image transmission and encryption with high security. This novel approach, polarization manipulation on the PL of 2D anisotropic RE materials, will shed light on the development of information processing, all‐optical switch, and all‐optical computation.
Optically Selective Neuron Stimulation with a Wavefront Shaping‐Empowered Multimode Fiber
Authors: Zhong Tianting , Qiu Zhihai , Wu Yong , Guo Jinghui , Li Huanhao , Yu Zhipeng , Cheng Shengfu , Zhou Yingying , Zhu Jiejun , Tian Jie , Sun Lei , Lai Puxiang
Published: December 2021

Optogenetics is proved to be a powerful tool for exploring the connection between behavior and neural circuits. The progress greatly benefits from the advances of optical techniques that enable high spatiotemporal resolution for selective single‐neuron stimulation through modulating light. Efficient propagation of modulated light, however, is handicapped by strong optical scattering in biological tissues, which results in inherent tradeoff between penetration depth and resolution. Schemes like graded index (GRIN) lens‐based microendoscopes are developed to yield more confined delivery of light, but tissue damage caused by the insertion of the bulky components cannot be ignored. Herein, an optically selective precise neuron stimulation using an ultrathin multimode fiber (MMF) is demonstrated, which is empowered by optical wavefront shaping to achieve light focusing and rapid raster scanning without mechanical movement at the distal end of the MMF and even through a mouse skull. With this method, primary neurons expressing Chr2 can be regulated spatiotemporally in experiment. Although a lot shall be further improved, the work may open up new venues for noninvasive or minimally invasive all‐optical investigation of neural circuits in used‐to‐be optically inaccessible brain regions.
Loss Control with Annealing and Lattice Kerker Effect in Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Libei , Zhang Feifei , Murai Shunsuke , Tanaka Katsuhisa
Published: December 2021

The resonant phenomena of metasurfaces highly depend on the scattering strength of each component and their interferences. The losses modify the phase and reduce the amplitude of all multipoles; thus, the loss control is vital for obtaining the designed properties. Amorphous (a‐)Si has a higher absorption coefficient than that of the crystalline form, which limits its optical application. A simple rapid thermal annealing (RTA) path to refine the a‐Si metasurfaces is found. It is applied to the sputtering‐made a‐Si metasurface comprising square array of nanodisks. While the large loss smears out the resonances for the as‐made metasurface, the sharp and near‐zero reflectance with near‐perfect absorptance is achieved after RTA, satisfying the lattice Kerker condition via the interference of magnetic and electric dipoles. At the lattice Kerker condition, the forward‐enhanced and backward‐reduced directional photoluminescence is observed from the emitter layer deposited on the metasurface. The numerical results are all found to be in good agreement with the experimental results, and the multipole expansion analysis for the single nanodisk gives the physical background of this observation. This refinement of a‐Si metasurfaces by RTA treatment paves the simple and robust way for realizing thrilling optical and optoelectrical applications, such as detectors and filters.
Electrochemical Ammonium Cation‐Assisted Hydropyridylation of Ketone‐Activated Alkenes: Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Yang Jianjing , Ma Jing , Yan Kelu , Tian Laijin , Li Bingwen , Wen Jiangwei
Published: December 2021

This work describes an electrochemical ammonium cation enabled hydropyridylation of ketone‐activated alkenes under metal‐ and exogenous reductant free conditions giving access to β‐pyridyl ketones, through dual proton‐coupled electron transfer and radical cross‐coupling. It features a broad substrate scope and allows a gram‐scale synthesis. Ammonium chloride plays various roles in this transformation such as the hydrogen donor, the protonation reagent, and electrolyte. In particular, various experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results show the mechanism of dual proton‐coupled electron transfer followed by radical cross‐coupling is the preferred pathway.

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Plasma Engineering of Basal Sulfur Sites on MoS2@Ni3S2 Nanorods for the Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Yun , Ruan Qingdong , Pang Ning , Zhou Yang , Wu Dajun , Xiong Dayuan , Xu Shaohui , Wang Lianwei , Chu Paul K.
Published: December 2021

Inexpensive and efficient catalysts are crucial to industrial adoption of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to produce hydrogen. Although two‐dimensional (2D) MoS2 materials have large specific surface areas, the catalytic efficiency is normally low. In this work, Ag and other dopants are plasma‐implanted into MoS2 to tailor the surface and interface to enhance the HER activity. The HER activty increases initially and then decreases with increasing dopant concentrations and implantation of Ag is observed to produce better results than Ti, Zr, Cr, N, and C. At a current density of 400 mA cm−2, the overpotential of Ag500‐MoS2@Ni3S2/NF is 150 mV and the Tafel slope is 41.7 mV dec−1. First‐principles calculation and experimental results reveal that Ag has higher hydrogen adsorption activity than the other dopants and the recovered S sites on the basal plane caused by plasma doping facilitate water splitting. In the two‐electrode overall water splitting system with Ag500‐MoS2@Ni3S2/NF, a small cell voltage of 1.47 V yields 10 mA cm−2 and very little degradation is observed after operation for 70 hours. The results reveal a flexible and controllable strategy to optimize the surface and interface of MoS2 boding well for hydrogen production by commercial water splitting.
Recent Progress of Solution‐Processed Copper‐based p‐Channel Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Al‐Jawhari Hala A.
Published: December 2021

The development of well‐performing p‐type semiconductors is essential in pushing transparent electronics to the next frontier. Copper oxide (CuxO) is a potentially attractive hole‐transport material for such applications because of its native p‐type semi‐conductivity, abundant availability, non‐toxic nature, and low production cost. Solution‐based processing methods offer many other advantages for the fabrication of metal oxides, including a high level of control over stoichiometry, microstructure, and morphology development, as well as tremendous flexibility in terms of materials and end‐use architectures. This review will cover the current progress of synthesis and deposition of solution‐based CuxO thin films for the purpose of thin‐film transistors (TFTs). It will show the rapidly growing effort in this field to utilize low‐temperature methods, nanoscale patterning, and green synthesis. Additionally, the emerging solution‐processed TFTs made of nonoxide copper‐based semiconductors such as halide and (pseudo) halide materials will be discussed.