bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virulence Markers, Genotypic versus Phenotypic Resistance and New Treatment Strategies inHelicobacter pyloriInfection
Authors: Teresa Mascellino Maria , De Angelis Massimiliano , Al Ismail Dania , Oliva Alessandra
Published: April 2021

This chapter aims at studying the microbial virulence determinants and markers of Helicobacter pylori (Hp), the molecular diagnostic of Hp, the growing antibiotic resistance with the related problem of heteroresistance, the genotypic resistance to antimicrobials compared with the phenotypic methods and the new treatment strategies for Hp eradication also evaluating new antimicrobial agents (furazolidone, vonoprazan). The virulence markers cover an important area in Hp pathology due to the correlation between these and the different diseases. The Hp molecuar diagnosis is fast, accurate and reliable over the traditional methods that are expensive and time- consuming. Therapy regimens used over the past decade are declining in efficacy being the Hp treatment bedevilled by drug-resistant strains. New treatment strategies are under study worldwide. The determination of the genetic resistance to antibiotics is very useful when used directly on gastric biopsies for prediction of antibiotics ineffectiveness or for addressing changes in previous treatments.
Pitting strength estimate for cast iron and copper alloy materials
Authors: Osakue Edward , Anetor Lucky , Harris Kendall
Published: April 2021

An attempt is made to predict the pitting strength of cast iron and copper alloy materials from their compressive yield or compressive proof strength for a reliability of 99% at 107 load cycles. The compressive yield or compressive proof strength is related to the tensile strength of ductile cast iron and copper alloy materials by a proportionality factor. Two proportionality factors are used for brittle cast iron materials. The pitting strength formulation incorporates a nominal design factor at 99% reliability which is estimated from a probabilistic model based on the lognormal probability density function. Pitting strength estimates from the predictions are compared with those of American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) estimates and data from other sources. The predicted values for gray cast irons had variances in the range of -11.28% to 25%. Ductile cast iron pitting strength estimates deviated from those of AGMA by -30.28% to 1.73% and 16.76% to 36.34% for Austempered ductile irons. The variances obtained for cast bronze were from 11.17% and 14.73%, but the sample size was small. These variances appear to be reasonable due to the many factors that can influence pitting resistance. Since pitting strength data for many grades of cast iron and copper alloys are not available (especially in the public domain), they may be estimated by the expressions developed in this study for initial design sizing. Also, the pitting strength of new cast iron and copper alloy materials could likewise be estimated for initial design sizing. This will eliminate long and costly contact fatigue testing at the initial design phases, which of course is necessary for design validation.
Ultrasonic-assisted drilling of laminated aluminum 2024 metal matrix composite reinforced with SiC nanoparticles: Experimental investigation and grey relational optimization
Authors: Pashmforoush Farzad , Farshbaf Zinati , Dadashzadeh Asghar
Published: April 2021

Aluminum metal matrix composites are widely used in various engineering areas due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to their heterogeneous structure, efficient machining of these materials is still a challenging task. Therefore, in the present study the drilling performance of aluminium-copper alloy (Al 2024) reinforced with SiC nanoparticles was experimentally investigated, in the presence of ultrasonic vibration.In this regard, the influence of ultrasonic vibration, SiC weight fraction and drilling parameters was assessed on circularity error and drilling thrust force. Also, the optimization of process parameters was investigated using grey relational analysis. The performed calculations revealed that ultrasonic vibration, SiC content of 2 %wt, feed rate of 20 mm/min and spindle speed of 1400 rpm is the optimal parameters setting in the present study.
Al/Graphene/CNT hybrid composites: Hardness and sliding wear studies
Authors: Naik Manjunath , Manjunath L.H. , Koti Vishwanath , Lakshmikanthan Avinash , Koppad Praveennath , Kumaran Sampath
Published: April 2021

Graphene and carbon nanotubes are two carbon based materials known for their unique wear and friction properties. It would be quite interesting to understand the wear behavior of aluminium hybrid composites when these two nanosize reinforcements are incorporated into it. The hybrid composites with varying weight fractions of graphene (1, 2, 3 and 5 wt.%) and fixed CNT content of 2 wt.% were produced using powder metallurgy technique. The effect of varying graphene content on hardness and sliding wear of hybrid composites was studied. The wear tests were done as per ASTM G-99 standard with fixed sliding velocity (2 m/s) and sliding distance (1200 m) but varying applied load (10 - 30 N). Worn surface analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscope to arrive at wear mechanisms responsible for wear of aluminium and its hybrid composites. Increase in graphene content led to increase in bulk hardness with highest value of 61 RHN for hybrid composite with 3 wt.% graphene content. The wear rate of hybrid composites was found to be decreasing with enhancement in graphene content. Lower wear rate in hybrid composites was due to the formation of lubricating layer on the worn surface.
Identification of new natural fibre from Chamaecostus Cuspidatus
Authors: Sumithra Murugesan
Published: April 2021

Fibre identification is a very important element to textile industries, design houses and fashion. The technological changes need to improve the identification methods. In spite of the increase of new technology, the old methods are often the best. The increase in awareness of the damage caused by synthetic materials on the environment led to develop eco-friendly fibres. This paper covers the distinguishing features of natural textile fibre from the plant "Chamaecostus Cuspidatus" that had been extracted using water retting method.
On the choice of CFD codes in the design process of planing sailing yachts
Authors: Raymond Jérémie , Finot Jean-Marie , Kobus Jean-Michel , Delhommeau Gérard , Queutey Patrick , Drouet Aurélien
Published: April 2021

The discussion is based on results gathered during the first two years of a 3 years research program for the benefits of Groupe Finot-Conq, Naval Architects. The introduction presents the objectives of the program: Setting up a practical method using numerical and experimental available tools to design fast planing sailing yachts. The aim of this paper is to compare advantages and disadvantages of four different kinds of CFD codes which are linear and non-linear potential flow approach, RANSE solver using finite differences method and RANSE solver using volume of fluid method. The Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Nantes (France) has developed those three approaches so those homemade codes will be used for this study. The first one is REVA, a potential flow code with a linearised free surface condition. ICARE is a RANSE solver using finite differences method with a non linear free surface condition. It is extensively used for industrial projects as for sailing yachts projects (ACC for example). ISIS-CFD is a RANSE solver using finite volume method to build the spatial discretization of the transport equations with unstructured mesh. The latter is able to compute sprays for fast planing ships but is also the slower in terms of CPU time. In addition, we had the opportunity to test FS-FLOW which is a potential flow code with a non linear free surface condition distributed by FRIENDSHIP CONSULTING.

Numerical results for the four codes are compared with the other codes' results as with tank tests data. Those tank tests were made using captive model test technique on two Open60' models. Reasons of the choice of the captive model technique are explained and experimental procedures are briefly described.

Comparisons between codes are mainly based on the easiness of use, the cost in CPU time and the confidence we can have in the results as a function of the boat speed. Flow visualizations, pressure maps, free surface deformation are shown and compared. Analysis of local quantities integrated or by zone is also presented. Results are analyzed focusing on the ability of each code to represent flow dynamics for every speed with a special attention to high speeds. The practical question raised is to know which kind of answers each code can bring in terms of tendencies evaluation or sensitivity to hull geometry modifications. The main goal is to be able to judge if those codes are able to make reliable and consistent comparisons of different designs. Conclusion is that none of the codes is perfect and gather all the advantages. It is still difficult to propose a definitive methodology to estimate hydrodynamic performances at every speed and at every stage of the design process. Knowing each code limitations, it appears more coherent to use each of them at different stages of the design process: the quickest and less reliable to understand the main tendencies and the longest and more precise to validate the final options.
Relationships between test anxiety, self-regulation and strategies for coping with stress, in professional examination candidates
Authors: Amate Romera Jorge , De la Fuente Jesús
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer relaciones de asociación, interdependencia y predicción estructural entre las variables ansiedad evaluativa, authorregulación y estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. El marco teórico de referencia fue el modelo de la competencia de Studying, Learning, and Performing under Stress (SLPS). Participaron 142 estudiantes, que se estaban preparando en academias de Almería (España) para obtener plaza como maestros en centros públicos. Para la recogida de datos se administraron cuestionarios escritos previamente validados. El diseño fue ex post-facto lineal, con análisis de asociación bivariada, inferenciales (ANOVAs y MANOVAs) y de predicción estructural. Los resultados mostraron una relación negativa entre la ansiedad evaluativa y la autorregulación, especialmente en los estudiantes con alta emocionalidad, con un impacto negativo para la toma de decisiones. También se encontraron relaciones positivas entre la ansiedad evaluativa y las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés. Por último, se constató la relación de predicción positiva entre la autorregulación y las estrategias de afrontamiento, a la vez que los análisis asociativos e inferenciales destacaron el papel de las metas como determinantes de las estrategias usadas para afrontar el estrés, especialmente, las referidas a la focalización en la resolución de problemas. Se discuten los resultados y se establecen implicaciones para las mejoras de estos procesos en los estudiantes opositores.

The research objective was to establish relationships of association, interdependence and structural prediction between the variables of test anxiety, self-regulation and stress coping strategies. The theoretical framework of reference was the Studying, Learning and Performing under Stress (SLPS) Competency Model. Participating were 142 students who were preparing for professional examinations to attain a post as public school teacher (primary education), enrolled at academies in Almería (Spain) for this purpose. Previously validated questionnaires were administered for data collection. The study design was linear ex post-facto, with bivariate, inferential analyses of association (ANOVAs and MANOVAs) and of structural prediction. Results showed a negative relationship between test anxiety self-regulation, especially in students with high emotionality, and a negative impact on decision making. Positive relationships were found between test anxiety and strategies for coping with stress. Finally, a positive predictive relationship was verified between self-regulation and coping strategies, while associative and inferential analyses highlighted the role of goals as determining factors in strategies used for coping with stress, especially strategies that focus on problem solving. Results are discussed and implications for improving these processes in professional examination candidates are established.
Acceptance of ambivalent sexism in trainee teachers in Spain and Latin America countries
Authors: Bonilla-Algovia Enrique
Published: April 2021

El sexismo ambivalente es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por dos componentes: el sexismo hostil y el sexismo benévolo. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la aceptación de las actitudes sexistas ambivalentes en una muestra de futuros y futuras docentes de España y Latinoamérica. En la investigación participaron 2798 docentes en formación con una edad media de 22.62 años (DE = 6.23) que residían en siete países: España, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina y México. Los resultados muestran que las actitudes sexistas están presentes, con diferentes grados de aceptación, en el profesorado en formación de todos los países. La aceptación del sexismo varía significativamente entre hombres y mujeres y entre los países de la muestra. Parece existir una relación entre los niveles de sexismo y los índices de desigualdad de género y desarrollo humano. Las actitudes sexistas del profesorado pueden transmitirse a través del sistema educativo y de los procesos de socialización, por lo que es fundamental incluir la perspectiva de género en los planes de formación inicial y continua del profesorado.

 Ambivalent sexism is a multidimensional construct composed of two elements: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. The main aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of ambivalent sexist attitudes in a sample of future teachers from Spain and Latin America. The sample is composed of 2798 trainee teachers, and their mean age is 22.62 years (SD = 6.23), they were residing in seven countries: Spain, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina and Mexico. The results show that ambivalent sexist attitudes existed ‒­to a varying degree‒ in future teachers of every country. The assumption of sexism varies significantly between men and women and among countries. There seems to be a relationship between levels of sexism with indices of gender inequality and human development. Sexist attitudes of teachers can be transmitted through the education system and the socialization process, so including gender issues in initial and in-service teacher training plans is essential.
Da Københavns Universitet sagde farvel til Universitetsbiblioteket
Authors: Slottved Ejvind
Published: April 2021

Københavns Universitets biblioteksfunktion har siden 2007 været under kraftig reorganisering. På initiativ af rektor Ralf Henningsen blev der for en 5-årig forsøgsperiode etableret en organisation - KUBIS, der står for Københavns Universitets Biblioteks- og Informationsservice - hvis formål er at samordne de mange forskellige enheder, der mere eller mindre ukoordineret hidtil havde haft ansvaret for universitetets biblioteksforsyning. Det er hensigten, at erfaringerne fra KUBIS projektet, der ophører med udgangen af 2012, skal danne grundlaget for en permanent biblioteksorganisation på Københavns Universitet.
Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab Styrelsens beretning 2009-2010
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

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Forord
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

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Suhm og Norge
Authors: Munthe Gerhard
Published: April 2021

I motsetning til hvad tilfellet er med Holberg, Wessel og Tordenskjold har Norge og det norske folk aldri gjort krav på Peter Frederik Suhm, og med den meget omtalte nivåsenkning i skolen skulle det være grunn til å tro at han nu for godt var anbragt utenfor faresonen. I Norge eksisterer han i dag bare som gatenavn i et par byer og som navn på en museumsbygning ved Universitetet i Trondheim, om man da ser bort fra et fotnoteliv hos en snever krets av forskere.
Sofus Larsen
Authors: Drachmann A. G.
Published: April 2021

Sophus Christian Larsen blev født i 1855 i København paa Almindeligt Hospital, som Søn af Overkirurg, dr.med., siden Etatsraad Søren Eskild Larsen og Hustru Sophia Albertina, født Matzen. Han er saaledes opvokset i et velstaaende,1 akademisk Hjem i København, hans Fader, der var født i 1802, døde i 1890. Han var døbt Sophus C/zristian Larsen, med ph og ch, men ændrede senere Stavemaaden til fog k, antagelig under Paavirkning fra Højskolekredse.
Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab har fortsat sin virksomhed og herunder engageret sig i mødearrangementer. I januar 1992 udkom bind 4 i serien Bibliotekshistorie. Redaktøren var igen Jørgen Svane-Mikkelsen, som sammen med bogtrykker Poul Kristensen, har opretholdt de tidligere binds høje standard med hensyn til indhold og udstyr. Bogen rummer 107 sider med seks artikler. Bindet er tilegnet tidligere rigsbibliotekar Palle Birkelund i anledning af hans 80-årsdag d. 29. januar 1992. Palle Birkelunds interesse for bibliotekernes historie har altid været meget stærk. Den er kommet til udtryk i forskning og skribentvirksomhed, i det omfang embedspligterne har tilladt det. Det kan derfor ikke undre, at det forberedende arbejde, som i april 1982 førte til dannelsen af Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab, blev fulgt med stor interesse af Palle Birkelund, som også blev Selskabets første formand. Det har derfor været helt naturligt at tilegne ham bind 4 af Bibliotekshistorie. Bindet dækker bredt biblioteksfaglige a
Den udenlandske indflydelse på den danske biblioteksudvikling
Authors: Dyrbye Martin
Published: April 2021

I 1905 stiftedes Danmarks første biblioteksforening, foreningen Danmarks Folkebogsamlinger, som fungerede indtil 1919, hvor den blev sammensluttet med Dansk Biblioteksforening, under det nye navn Danmarks Biblioteksforening. I 2005 har foreningen således 100 års jubilæum. Foreningen har i perioden 1905-2005 spillet en betydelig og central rolle for grundlæggelsen, etableringen og udformningen af det moderne offentlige danske biblioteksvæsen som vi kender det i dag. Foreningen fik især betydning for folkebibliotekernes opståen og virksomhed i moderne forstand, og den medvirkede særdeles aktivt i samarbejde med staten og kommunerne for at fremme det som benævntes bibliotekssagen, dvs. udbredelsen af et professionelt, offentligt drevet biblioteksvæsen i hele landet.
Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: April 2021

Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab har fortsat sin virksomhed og herunder engageret sig i mødearrangementer. I maj 1999 udkom bind 5 i serien Bibliotekshistorie. Redaktørerne var Jørgen Svane-Mikkelsen og Steen Bille Larsen, som sammen med bogtrykkeren Poul Kristensen har opretholdt tidligere binds høje standard med hensyn til indhold og udstyr. Bogen er på 136 sider og rummer 5 artikler samt beretning 1992-1997 fra Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskabs styrelse. Artiklerne dækker forskellige biblioteksfaglige emner, en af dem er i omarbejdet form arkivar, dr.phil. Lars N. Henningsens foredrag, som han holdt i Dansk Bibliotekshistorisk Selskab d. 26. oktober 1994 i anledning af modtagelse af E.C. Werlauff Prisen.
"Biblioteket som musikkens skatkammer"
Authors: Bent Christiansen Bent
Published: April 2021

I tidsskriftet Bibliotekaren kan man i årgang 1957 under overskriften "Grammofonpladeudlån" læse interessante erfaringer, som bibliotekar Helge Jensen (senere Albrecht) fik under en studierejse til engelske musikbiblioteker.1 Her kommer han også ind på bibliotekarens kvalifikationer og skriver bl.a.: "Af bibliotekaren kan man forlange, at han skal have nogen føling med musikken, og han må have noget kendskab til orkestre, dirigenter og eksekutører, som forekommer på pladerne. Den fortrolighed og de erfaringer, bibliotekaren far ved det daglige arbejde med samlingen, må være kvalifikationer nok. [...] Hvad danske bibliotekarer far brug for, kunne de måske erhverve på kursus foranstaltet af Danmarks Biblioteksskole. [...] Bibliotekarens rådgivende arbejde bliver formodentlig ret beskedent. Ganske vist vil lånerne komme til at danne et bredt udsnit af befolkningen, men det bliver den del, som er velorienteret om emnet, og som har en bevidst og sikker holdning over for musikstoffet. [...] Nogen grund til at puste spørgsmålet om bibliotekarens kvalifikationer så stærkt op, er der efter min mening ikke. Selv om man måske nødig vil høre sandheden, må det dog frem, at det i det store og hele snarere er formidling end vejledning, der bliver tale om."
Make-To-Order Production Planning With Seasonal Supply In Canned Pineapple Industry
Authors: Plangsrisakul Kanapath , Somboonwiwat Tuanjai , Khompatraporn Chareonchai
Published: April 2021

This research studies a make-to-order production planning in a canned pineapple industry. Pineapple is a seasonal perishable fruit. Thus, the cost of fresh pineapple which is the main raw material in canned pineapple is inexpensive during its season. The color of the pineapple also determines the price of the canned pineapple. However, the availability of different colors (called “choice” and “standard”) is dependent. Specifically, if the ratio of the choice color is more, the ratio of the other color is less. There are several costs involve such as fresh pineapple cost, can cost, sugar cost, water cost, labor cost, energy cost, and inventory cost. The problem is formulated as a mathematical model to maximize the total profit over four-months planning horizon. Two supply uncertainty cases are tested which are low and high ratios of the choice color. The results show that the profit depends on available color ratios of the pineapple. The production planning is best if it matches with the availability of the color ratios. In certain months, some fresh pineapple purchased exceed the need of the production because of the dependency of the two colors. The inventory holding cost also influences the production decision—whether to produce the canned pineapple in earlier months or it is better to produce only the canned pineapple when it is needed to serve the customer orders.
ATTÉNUATION DE LA TRAGÉDIE DES BIENS COMMUNS : LA TRANSMISSION INTERGÉNÉRATIONELLE DES VALEURS MORALES
Authors: Long Ngo Van
Published: April 2021

Nous étudions la transmission de la prosocialité en utilisant un modèle de l’exploitation des biens communs avec des générations imbriquées. Nous considérons un cadre dans lequel les agents économiques s’occupent non seulement de leur bien-être matériel, mais également de leur image de soi. Nous supposons que leur image de soi augmente dans la mesure où leur action est proche de ce qu’ils perçoivent comme l’action idéale, selon l’impératif catégorique kantien. Nous définissons le degré de prosocialité d’une personne comme l’importance qu’elle attache à sa fonction d’image de soi. Les parents investissent collectivement dans l’éducation morale de leurs enfants afin de renforcer leur prosocialité, car ils savent qu’une coopération accrue entre les membres de la génération future sera bénéfique pour leur propre bien-être matériel. L’article contient deux résultats importants. Premièrement, il existe une corrélation entre le niveau de bien-être matériel de la société et le niveau de prosocialité à l’état stationnaire. Deuxièmement, quand le coût de l’éducation morale dépend du niveau de prosocialité des parents, il existe une multiplicité d’états stationnaires. Si le niveau initial de prosocialité des parents est trop faible, le niveau de prosocialité des agents économiques dans le futur tendra vers zéro à long terme.
COMPTE CAPITAL ET DÉVELOPPEMENT FINANCIER EN TUNISIE : CAUSALITÉ ET RELATION DE LONG TERME
Authors: Gritli Mohamed Ilyes , Rey Serge
Published: April 2021

De nombreuses recherches se sont focalisées sur la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance, d’une part, et sur la relation entre l’intégration financière et le développement économique, d’autre part. Cependant, l’étude du lien entre libéralisation du compte capital et développement financier reste encore limitée, et en particulier pour les pays du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique du Nord. L’objet de cet article est de proposer une analyse empirique de cette relation dans le cas de la Tunisie, pays qui a fait le choix depuis plusieurs décennies de s’ouvrir progressivement aux capitaux étrangers. L’étude économétrique menée sur la période 1986-2014 en utilisant conjointement un modèle de causalité de long terme Toda-Yamamoto et un modèle ARDL a permis de montrer que l’ouverture du compte capital avait bien un effet positif sur le développement financier en longue période. Ce résultat est robuste à plusieurs spécifications du modèle autorégressif et à des mesures alternatives du développement financier. Néanmoins, l’impact de court terme de l’ouverture du compte capital est plus limité, en particulier lorsqu’on considère les effets sur le marché boursier.
TRADE INDUCED MORTALITY
Authors: Adda Jérome , Fawaz Yarine
Published: April 2021

This paper evaluates the effect of increased trade on the mortality of workers in
the manufacturing sector. We exploit the large increase of Chinese exports in the last two
decades to assess its effect in two different countries, Italy and the US. Exploiting
individual longitudinal data, we find that trade leads to an increased mortality rate among
these populations, the effect being higher in Italy than in the US. A one billion dollar
increase in imports leads to a 4 percent mortality increase in the US and up to 7 percent in
Italy. We show that mortality patterns are different across occupational groups, with a more
pronounced effect on blue-collar workers in the US and in Italy, a marked effect on managers
of small firms. We show that there are important spatial inequalities in the mortality
burden of trade.
CONTRÔLE ET SANCTION DES CHÔMEURS EN PRÉSENCE D’ÉPARGNE DE PRÉCAUTION
Authors: Ménard Sébastien
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous étudions les effets du contrôle et des sanctions à l’encontre des chômeurs indemnisés en présence d’épargne de précaution. Nous utilisons comme cadre d’analyse un modèle de recherche d’emploi avec hétérogénéité de l’épargne de précaution. Lorsqu’un chômeur fournit un effort de recherche insuffisant ou refuse une proposition d’emploi, une sanction peut être appliquée. Il apparaît que le contrôle de l’effort permet d’améliorer le taux de sortie vers l’emploi alors que l’obligation d’accepter une offre d’emploi réduit l’effort de recherche des chômeurs. Nous montrons également que le contrôle permet de réduire les dépenses des chômeurs les plus riches. En effet, les chômeurs possédant peu d’épargne de précaution sont moins sanctionnés que les autres.
DETERRENCE OF THEFT IN A SITUATION OF COMPETITION BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Yerbanga Antoine
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to highlight important factors neglected in modelling the effects of deterrent policies on thieves' activities in the real world. The methodology adopted consists of defining a world with three continuous spaces. Space in the centre has no institutions and no production. Only the other two spaces have institutions and are places for production. The study uses the Tullock contest fonction for n-players developed by Jia (2012) to identify thieves' efforts and the institutions' endowments at equilibrium. In contrast to the existing literature, our results indicate a perverse, indirect effect of institutions' deterrence strategies on thieves' activities and a negative effect of an increase in institutional deterrence on the total proportion of production stolen. This outcome therefore supports deterrence policies. Symmetric equilibrium becomes unstable when institutions have different production levels. However, we note that asymmetric equilibrium remains optimal, even in situations of differences in production across institutions. A confrontation between thieves from different areas can be a way for an institution to provide less deterrence in an asymmetric balance while guaranteeing a higher level of consumption than that under the opposing institution.
Work, Play, and Performance in the Southern Tobacco Warehouse
Authors: Gaddis Elijah
Published: April 2021

This paper examines tobacco warehouses in the southern United States as sites of both work and play. Using a performative approach in the study of architecture that is rooted in folklife methodology, the essay claims these quotidian working structures as places of celebratory potential amid the strictures of Jim Crow spatial segregation. In particular, it focuses on a series of massive dances held in the elaborately decorated warehouses during the early-to-mid-20th century. During these dances, Black celebrants turned the restrictive social and economic working spaces of the tobacco warehouse into places of radical potential and pleasure. The claims of this essay are supported by both conventional architectural documentation and the oral testimonies of a variety of tobacco workers, musicians, and dancers, who made use of the warehouses for a variety of often conflicting purposes. Told together, their narratives emphasize both spatialized resistance to segregation, and the importance of the ephemeral archives of individual stories and memories to the study of vernacular architectural history.
An Architecture of Closeness: The Ross Family Double Farmhouse in St. Mary’s, Nova Scotia
Authors: Jack Meghann E.
Published: April 2021

This paper analyzes an early 20th-century double or duplex farmhouse in the St. Mary’s River valley of northeastern Nova Scotia built by brothers Thomas and George Ross. Although double houses are common in urban and industrial contexts where an economy of space is required, such forms are atypical across the agricultural built landscape. In exploring the shared architecture of the Ross family farm, this paper seeks to understand the Ross family and their idiosyncratic architectural choice in the context of a rapidly changing rural landscape where economic underdevelopment and outmigration threatened the stability of established social structures. While partition may seemingly create a division between those living in double or duplex houses, in the case of the Ross family, the farmhouse reproduced and strengthened kinship.
Literatures migrants. ‘Jo també sóc catalana’ de Najat El Hachmi
Authors: Segarra Marta
Published: April 2021

Aquest article tracta d’un cas de «literatura migrant» a Catalunya, el de l’escriptora catalana d’origen marroquí Najat El Hachmi. S’hi analitza el seu primer llibre publicat, l’assaig d’estil autobiogràfic Jo també sóc catalana, examinant la concepció que expressa del fenomen migratori des d’una perspectiva lingu?ística, cultural i de gènere, i comparant aquest cas amb el d’altres escriptors i, especialment, escriptores pertanyents a l’anomenada literatura francòfona magribina.
La vida imaginaria del científico. El caso del cómic ‘Los Proyectos Manhattan’
Authors: Sáez de Adana Herrero Francisco
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza Los Proyectos Manhattan, serie de cómics que cuenta una historia alternativa sobre el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial donde el Proyecto Manhattan esconde otras actividades más relacionadas con la ciencia ficción. Este trabajo analiza la traslación del concepto de vida imaginaria acuñado por Marcel Schwob a la historia de la ciencia en el siglo xx.
Novel·les de ciència. La ciència i la tecnologia en la literatura
Authors: Barceló Miquel
Published: April 2021

La major part de la literatura sovint intenta oblidar el paper essencial que la ciència i la tecnologia modernes juguen en la configuració de les societats actuals i en la manera de viure-hi. Fou Jules Verne, fa ja uns 150 anys, qui va començar a ser conscient de la necessitat que la ciència i la tecnologia intervinguessin de manera activa en la narrativa moderna. Ho va anomenar la «novel·la de la ciència». Més endavant, el gènere literari de la ciència-fi cció sembla haver assolit el paper d’aquella novel·la de la ciència que Jules Verne va començar. Amb això, la ciència-ficció es configura també com una narrativa adient per a l’aprenentatge del futur, ja que descriu diversos mons possibles per efecte de la ciència i la tecnologia.
El somni de la raó (científica) provoca monstres (literaris): O com la ciència i la literatura es donen la mà
Authors: Genís i Mas Daniel
Published: April 2021

La raó il·lustrada i la imaginació romàntica van ser vistes com dues maneres oposades de concebre l’art i la vida. Ara bé, amb la perspectiva que ens atorga la història, sembla difícil entendre l’una sense l’altra. Com si els malsons de la ciència no fossin en el fons altra cosa que l’aliment dels monstres romàntics. Aquest article analitza l’evolució de la narrativa fantàstica i el naixement de la narrativa científica en el segle xix, i l’enfrontament entre allò racional i allò sobrenatural.
Disaster, uncertainty, opportunity or risk? Key messages from the television coverage of the IPCC’s 2013/2014 reports
Authors: Painter James
Published: April 2021

This article examines the television coverage of the three 2013 and 2014 reports by the Working Groups of the IPCC in five European countries: Germany, Norway, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The presence, salience and dominance of four frames (disaster, uncertainty, explicit risk and opportunity) were examined in each of the bulletins monitored. The «disaster» frame was the strongest of all the frames, measured by all three metrics. «Opportunity» was the next most present, followed by «uncertainty». Although the IPCC put considerable emphasis on a risk management approach to tackling climate change in its communication of the WG2 report, the «explicit risk» frame was hardly present. The UK stood out for including some coverage of sceptical viewpoints.
Green taxes, quotas and equality: Preserving social justice whilst averting climate change
Authors: Casal Paula
Published: April 2021

The need for green fiscal reform is urgent in the face of climate change. Some oppose it, however, arguing that such reforms disproportionately burden poorer individuals whose emissions are far smaller than those of wealthier individuals. Defusing these criticisms, this paper argues that this is not an inevitable feature of green fiscal reform. We should adopt a more scientific attitude not only towards climate change but towards testing fiscal proposals to mitigate it, and avoid dividing, with rushed assumptions, responsible voters who care about both equality and climate change.
Methods of improving digital tax services in modern practice of tax administration
Authors: Anisimova Anastasiia
Published: April 2021

The article turns particular attention to the analysis of opportunities for improving digital tax services and application of international experience of tax authorities in the Russian practice. The relevance of this research is defined by wide occurrence of digitalization processes in tax administration at the present stage. Digital processes within the framework of tax administration imply continuous improvement for the purpose of ensuring customer-oriented approach and voluntary compliance of taxpayers with tax legislation. In global practice, the key vectors of improvement of digital tax services is the development of their design, quality monitoring, as well as the expansion of digital tax environment by using the behavioral economics tools. The novelty of this work consists in adaptation of international experience to the Russian practice of tax authorities. The development of digital tax environment in Russia requires borrowing foreign experience of involving taxpayers into development of digital services at the earliest stage, i.e. advancement of ideas. Its implementation requires creating a platform for accumulation of the proposals from taxpayers, which can be placed on the official portal of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. The behavioral economic tools for expanding digital tax environment in Russia can be in form of automatic subscriptions to newsletters from the tax authorities. The use of virtual assistants for taxpayers’ support in digital environment is possible; however, such services should be used cautiously, due to the fact that taxpayers are not protected from fines in case of misinformation.
Efficiency of Malware Detection in Android System: A Survey
Authors: Omer Maria A. , Zeebaree Subhi R. M. , Sadeeq Mohammed A. M. , Salim Baraa Wasfi , Mohsin Sanaa x , Rashid Zryan Najat , Haji Lailan M.
Published: April 2021

Smart phones are becoming essential in our lives, and Android is one of the most popular operating systems. Android OS is wide-ranging in the mobile industry today because of its open-source architecture. It is a wide variety of applications and basic features. App users tend to trust Android OS to secure data, but it has been shown that Android is more vulnerable and unstable. Identification of Android OS malware has become an emerging research subject of concern. This paper aims to analyze the various characteristics involved in malware detection. It also addresses malware detection methods. The current detection mechanism utilizes algorithms such as Bayesian algorithm, Ada grad algorithm, Naïve Bayes algorithm, Hybrid algorithm, and other algorithms for machine learning to train the sets and find the malware.
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Diarrhoea in Children at District Khairpur
Authors: Jatoi Samina , Lal Sham , Kumar Pardeep , Ansari Abdul Majid , Ujjan Safdar Ali , Sapna . , Ahmed Zuheeb , Maitlo Marvi , Parkash Om
Published: April 2021

Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production by Escherichia coli O157: H7.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed and a total of 116 stool samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years presenting diarrhoea from hospital located at district Khairpur. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and isolates were initially characterized by Gram staining. Subsequently biochemical characteristics except oxidase test (which was performed manually) and drug sensitivity test was performed by using Automated MicroScan® walkaway machine. ESBL production by isolates was determined by disc diffusion method as per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: Out of 116 diarrheal samples tested, 16 (13.79%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. High number of E. coli O157: H7 were isolated from children aged up to 1 year followed by 2-3 years aged. Isolates were frequently found in summer season (12 times) followed by winter (3 times) and Autumn (1 time). The isolates were found 100% resistant against Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid, Norfloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin and 90% resistant to Cifixime. ESBL production was noted in 12 (75%) out of 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates as confirmed by CLSI protocol.

Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli O157: H7 should be considered as major pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhea in children less than three years. The prevalence of ESBL producer MDR E. coli O157: H7 is of great concern, which requires monitoring of infection control measures through efficient antimicrobial management to ensure an uncompromised public health.
Crestal Bone Loss: Causes and Medical Correction
Authors: Shogenov Anatoly Mukhamedovich , Bakhova Milana Arturovna , Abazova Zarema Kerimovna , Bereketova Milana Aslanovna , Magomadova Malika Tagirovna
Published: April 2021

To maintain the long-term stability of the implant, it is important to minimize the loss of bone tissue around the implant. Several clinical studies have shown that the average loss of the crestal bone around the implants is 1.5-2%. mm during the first year after prosthetics has been done. In this article, the author suggests a number of hypotheses related to the loss of crestal bone. He comes to the conclusion that stress and overstrain are the main factors that lead to the loss of crestal bone during the first year of implant functioning.

The author notes that in the hypotheses presented in the article there are causes that can influence the loss of bone around the implant in one way or another. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out the appropriate medical correction of the oral cavity through antibiotic therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs, which will also prevent the process of losing the crestal bone.
Study of Malondialdehyde Level and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Patients Suffering from Malaria
Authors: Prabhu Shalaka , Patharkar Sachin A. , Patil Neelam J. , Nerurkar Alka V. , Shinde Umesh R. , Shinde Kalpana U.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Malaria is one of the most common Parasitic infection prevalent worldwide especially in India, South Asia and Africa. About 250 million cases and approximately One million deaths of malaria reported per year worldwide. Oxidative stress (O.S.) has been implicated as possible mediator of thrombocytopenia in malarial patients. All eukaryotic cells, specially immune effector cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as a mean to combat invading microbes i.e. via the ' Oxidative burst', which increases the oxidative burden on the microbe to lethal levels. An excess of ROS such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals and /or RNS, such as nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) creates a potentially dangerous situation known as oxidative or nitrosative stress respectively.

Aim: Present study aims to study the status of serum Malondialdehyde and Glutathione Peroxidase activity in hemolysate among the patients with Malaria.

Materials and Methods: This is cross-sectional observational study on 200 non-treated malaria patients, compared with 100 normal individuals. Out of total 200 malaria patients 96 were plasmodium (P) vivax & 104 were P falciparum diagnosed cases.

Results: Mean MDA level in the P. Vivax malaria cases was 12.29 + 0.32 micromole/L which was found to be higher compared to the controls with mean MDA level is 6.55+ 0.24 micromole/L, whereas the mean MDA level in P. Falciparum malaria cases was 13.5+ 0.18 micromole/L which was higher compared to the controls with mean MDA level of 6.55+ 0.24 micromole/L.

Conclusion: The present study on malaria explains the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of malaria which is a multifactorial phenomenon and represents an important aspect of the intricate and complex host- parasite relationship. Oxidative stress is aggravated by reduced effectiveness of the antioxidant defence system; hence it is advised to provide antioxidant supplements through diet that can reduce the disease severity and risk of death during infection.
Seismic Design Optimization Method of Fire Hydrants
Authors: Oh Heunggyoo , Min Sehong
Published: April 2021

As per the revisions to the Korean Building Code and the Seismic Design Code for fire protection systems in accordance with the Common Applications of the Seismic Design Code by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, earthquake load and structural safety of a non-structural element are considered as important parameters for a fire protection system. In Richter scale 5.0 or higher earthquake damage cases occurring in Gyeongju (2016) and Pohang (2017), walls and hydrant boxes were broken or deformed such that their doors could not be opened. Therefore, the breakage, deformation, and detachment of hydrants and internal devices without the seismic design caused malfunction and increased the fire risk. In this study, the earthquake load was calculated according to the seismic design regulation on the hydrant box and the structural stability was verified by 3D model review, structural analysis simulation, the structural member, and the anchorage for performance. Moreover, an optimized seismic design plan was proposed by analyzing and comparing the simulation result for the factors governing the seismic design performance of a fire hydrant box.
Synthesis of novel acyclic and multiple phenyl iron tetraamino ligand catalysts and its catalytic activity for degradation of dye wastewater by H2O2
Authors: Li Shun‐Lai , Zhou Run , Zhao Wei‐Jing , Du Hong‐Guang
Published: April 2021

We need a practical, inexpensive, and green way to reduce the environmental pollutants, especially for dye wastewater. The discharge of industrial wastewater such as organic dyes will cause serious pollution to water bodies, thereby affecting people's lives. In this work, we designed and successfully synthesized four new ligand catalysts. The total outputs of diamide diamino iron ligand compounds A and B are 71.33% and 61.39%, respectively. The total outputs of polyaromatic iron tetraamido macrocyclic ligand (TAML) compounds C and D are 38.49% and 49.11%, respectively. The catalytic effects of four catalysts on the degradation of dye wastewater by hydrogen peroxide oxidation were studied and compared with the second‐generation FeIII‐TAML catalyst. The experimental results showed that acyclic catalyst A and B has good catalytic effect. For methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B three dyes wastewater, under the conditions of 20°C, Ccatalyst A = 0.056–0.28 mM and Chydrogen peroxide = 33 mM, the decolorization rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate are 81.53%–97.58% and 52.2%–60.7%, respectively. Under the condition of 20°C, Ccatalyst B = 0.75 mM and Chydrogen peroxide = 33 mM, the decolorization rate and COD removal rate are 48.33%–80.33% and 44.6%–57.8%, respectively.
Crystallization behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polylactide/polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene blends compatibilized with poly(styrene‐ran‐methyl acrylate)
Authors: Wu Shouang , Wang Bocheng , Xu Xiaoling , Wu Chonggang , Hu Tao , Zheng Xuan , Gong Xinghou
Published: April 2021

The morphology, non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior, and spherulite growth of polylactide (PLA)/polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SBS) blends were investigated in the presence of a poly(styrene‐ran‐methyl acrylate) (S–MA) compatibilizer synthesized using surfactant‐free emulsion copolymerization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the SBS dispersed‐phase became more uniform and refined as the amount of S–MA compatibilizer was increased from 0 to 3 wt%. Calorimetric characterization of the non‐isothermal and isothermal crystallization behavior analyzed using Avrami theory shows that the SBS in PLA shows plasticization and dilution effects simultaneously. When the PLA matrix chains do not move easily and/or its effective crystallization time window is narrow, the plasticization effect of the SBS is more significant. However, when the PLA matrix chains move more easily and/or its crsytallization window is wide, the dilution effects effect of the SBS is more notable. After the addition of S–MA, the plasticization and dilution effects were enhanced.