bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving Toward Net-Zero Emission Society: With Special Reference to the Recent Law and Policy Development in Some Selected Countries
Authors: Wu Hsing-Hao
Published: May 2023

By the Sixth IPPC Report issued in August 2021, man-made greenhouse gases emission is responsible for approximately 1.1 °C of warming between 1850 and 1900, and the global temperature is expected to reach or exceed 1.5 °C by 2041. The IPPC thus urges world leaders to adopt substantial and sustained reductions to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions to stabilize global temperature by the next 20–30 years. In East Asia, the Former Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihide Suga, declared that Japan will become carbon–neutral by 2050. The commitment has been further endorsed by his successor Prime Minister Kishida Fumio. Korea enacted the Carbon Neutrality Act, which requires the government to cut greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 35% or more from the 2018 levels in August 2021. In China, President Xi Jinping committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 at the U.N. General Assembly in September 2020. In Taiwan, President Tsai Ing-wen announced on April 22, 2021, that Taiwan will achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The road to achieving net-zero emissions is an ambitious but challenging goal for each significant GHGs emitter in the Asia–Pacific region. Each country has its own economic, social, and technological foundation and capabilities and thus requires different approaches to achieve the same goal. This chapter explores the recent global trends with particular references to EU, U.S., and Japan’s law and policy development aiming to achieve carbon neutrality goals by 2050.
Climate Impacts of Black Carbon and Methane Emissions in the Arctic and Current Frameworks for Prevention
Authors: Hataya Sakiko
Published: May 2023

Rapid environmental changes in the Arctic have brought increasing attention from the international community toward the region. Considering these circumstances, the Arctic Council (AC) provides an important vehicle for addressing Arctic issues. This paper first provides a basic overview on the Arctic Council and discusses recent organizational reforms. It also addresses how Japan is involved in the Arctic. Finally, this paper discusses what the Arctic Council, as well as other concerned countries, are doing to control black carbon emissions, which are a current problem in the Arctic.
Looking Ahead
Authors: Nordin Magdalena , Otterbeck Jonas
Published: May 2023

In this final chapter, we venture to give some advice on researching religion and migration, first on what we know and then on what is lacking. If some readers heed our call and caution, it will be a needed and important contribution to far-too-neglected areas in migration research. By ‘researchers’ we mean students, scholars, journalists and others who seriously try to produce knowledge about the situation. Please feel included.
Hypergraph Computation for Computer Vision
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

In this chapter, the applications of hypergraph computation in computer vision are introduced. Computer vision is one of the most widely used areas of hypergraph computation. The hypergraphs can be constructed by modeling the high-order relationship among inter- or intra-visual samples, and then computer vision tasks can be solved by hypergraph computation procedures. More specifically, four typical applications, including visual classification, 3D object retrieval, and tag-based social image retrieval, are provided, in which hypergraphs are used to model high-order relationship among samples and solve visual problems by hypergraph computation. For example, in social image retrieval, hypergraphs are used to model the high-order relationship among social images based on both visual and textual information, which is the high-order modeling of elements within samples.
Hypergraph Computation for Social Media Analysis
Authors: Dai Qionghai , Gao Yue
Published: May 2023

Social media, such as Twitter and Weibo, have grown rapidly over the past decade. Large numbers of active social media users produce a voluminous amount of data each day, from which important insights can be drawn. Several applications, such as recommender system and sentiment analysis, have been developed to help study the users’ intension and portrait. One common challenge faced by these social media applications is how to leverage the complex and multi-modal data on social networks and model the higher-order associations hidden in the data. Hypergraph computation has the huge potential to be used in such analysis. In this chapter, we introduce three typical applications of hypergraph computation, i.e., recommender system, sentiment analysis, and emotion recognition, from which hypergraph computation has shown great value on social media analysis.
Fourier Characterizations and Non-triviality of Gelfand–Shilov Spaces, with Applications to Toeplitz Operators
Authors: Petersson Albin
Published: May 2023

We find growth estimates on functions and their Fourier transforms in the one-parameter Gelfand–Shilov spaces$$S_s$$Ss,$$S^\sigma $$Sσ,$$\Sigma _s$$Σsand$$\Sigma ^\sigma $$Σσ. We obtain characterizations for these spaces and their duals in terms of estimates of short-time Fourier transforms. We determine conditions on the symbols of Toeplitz operators under which the operators are continuous on the one-parameter spaces. Lastly, it is determined that$$\Sigma _s^\sigma $$Σsσis nontrivial if and only if$$s+\sigma > 1$$s+σ>1.
Therapierelevante Antibiotikaresistenzen im One-Health-Kontext
Authors: Werner Guido , Abu Sin Muna , Bahrs Christina , Brogden Sandra , Feßler Andrea T. , Hagel Stefan , Kaspar Heike , Köck Robin , Kreienbrock Lothar , Krüger-Haker Henrike , Maechler Frederike , Noll Ines , Pletz Mathias W. , Tenhagen Bernd-Alois , Schwarz Stefan , Walther Birgit , Mielke Martin
Published: May 2023

„One Health“ bezeichnet ein Konzept, das die Gesundheit von Menschen, Tieren und der Umwelt miteinander verbindet. In Deutschland gibt es umfangreiche Daten zur Antibiotikaresistenz (AMR) und multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin sowie aus Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Umweltkompartimenten (Boden, Wasser, Abwasser). Die Erhebung erfolgt nach unterschiedlichen Vorgaben und Standards, was den Vergleich von Daten erschwert. Ein Fokus auf humantherapeutisch wichtige AMR und MRE ist hilfreich, um eine gewisse Orientierung vorzugeben. Die meisten Daten liegen sektorübergreifend zu Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus und multiresistenten Enterobacterales wie Escherichia coli und Klebsiella pneumoniae vor. Hier sind die Trends der Resistenzen heterogen. Der Einsatz von Antibiotika führt zur Selektion von MRE, was gut dokumentiert ist. Erfolge bei der Minimierung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes konnten in zurückliegenden Jahren für einzelne Sektoren dargestellt und z. T. mit Erfolgen in der Eindämmung von AMR und MRE korreliert werden (Rückgang MRSA in der Humanmedizin). Auch sektorspezifische Maßnahmen zur Senkung der Last durch MRE und AMR sind notwendig, da Resistenzprobleme nicht generell eine Verknüpfung mit anderen Sektoren aufweisen. Carbapenemresistenzen sind vor allem bei pathogenen Erregern vom Menschen nachweisbar. Colistinresistenzen kommen in verschiedenen Sektoren vor, zeigen aber dort jeweils verschiedene Mechanismen. Resistenzen gegen Reservesubstanzen wie Linezolid sind in Deutschland selten, sie zeigen aber einen konkreten One-Health-Bezug. Bestrebungen zur Harmonisierung von Methoden, z. B. im Bereich der antimikrobiellen Empfindlichkeitstestung und genombasierten Erreger- und AMR-Surveillance, sind ein wichtiger erster Schritt zu einer Vergleichbarkeit der verschiedenen Datenerhebungen.
Rethinking “digital”: a genealogical enquiry into the meaning of digital and its impact on individuals and society
Authors: Capone Luca , Rocchi Marta , Bertolaso Marta
Published: May 2023

In the current social and technological scenario, the term digital is abundantly used with an apparently transparent and unambiguous meaning. This article aims to unveil the complexity of this concept, retracing its historical and cultural origin. This genealogical overview allows to understand the reason why an instrumental conception of digital media has prevailed, considering the digital as a mere tool to convey a message, as opposed to a constitutive conception. The constitutive conception places the digital phenomenon in the broader ground of media studies, and it considers digital technologies as an interface between the subject and the world. In this perspective, the media is not added to the experience of the person, but it shapes it from within on a cognitive, expressive and communicative level. The article makes use of two powerful examples to show the shortcomings of an instrumental conception of the digital, and to affirm the value of a constitutive conception for current media studies regarding digital interfaces.
Applications of multi-fidelity multi-output Kriging to engineering design optimization
Authors: Toal David J. J.
Published: May 2023

Surrogate modelling is a popular approach for reducing the number of high fidelity simulations required within an engineering design optimization. Multi-fidelity surrogate modelling can further reduce this effort by exploiting low fidelity simulation data. Multi-output surrogate modelling techniques offer a way for categorical variables e.g. the choice of material, to be included within such models. While multi-fidelity multi-output surrogate modelling strategies have been proposed, to date only their predictive performance rather than optimization performance has been assessed. This paper considers three different multi-fidelity multi-output Kriging based surrogate modelling approaches and compares them to ordinary Kriging and multi-fidelity Kriging. The first approach modifies multi-fidelity Kriging to include multiple outputs whereas the second and third approaches model the different levels of simulation fidelity as different outputs within a multi-output Kriging model. Each of these techniques is assessed using three engineering design problems including the optimization of a gas turbine combustor in the presence of a topological variation, the optimization of a vibrating truss where the material can vary and finally, the parallel optimization of a family of airfoils.
Investigation of conventional and ANN-based feed rate scheduling methods in trochoidal milling with cutting force and acceleration constraints
Authors: Jacso Adam , Szalay Tibor , Sikarwar Basant Singh , Phanden Rakesh Kumar , Singh Rajeev Kumar , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: May 2023

In CNC milling, the feed rate scheduling is a frequently used method to increase machining quality and efficiency. Among the benefits of feed rate scheduling, this paper focuses on controlling the tool load and optimizing the machining time. Although the advantages of feed rate scheduling are undeniable, some areas remain still to be addressed. In order to control the tool load, geometric methods are often used, which are based on keeping a specific parameter, such as chip thickness or material removal rate (MRR) constant. However, a high level of tool load control can only be provided if cutting force models or experimental-based techniques are used. Besides traditional methods, this paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN)-based feed rate scheduling method to keep the tool load constant, using data gained by preliminary cutting experiments. A case study demonstrates that a significantly higher level of tool load control can be achieved with this method as compared to the geometric models. Besides controlling the tool load, the present feed rate scheduling method also addresses the consideration of acceleration limits which is of great importance for practical uses. The application of feed rate scheduling in trochoidal milling is also discussed in detail in this paper. This area has not received enough attention, as due to the limited fluctuation of cutter engagement, the tool load was considered as well-controlled. However, experiments have shown that in the case of trochoidal milling, the introduction of feed rate scheduling can still further increase the machining efficiency. Using the developed ANN-based feed rate scheduling method, significant progress could be made as compared to conventional technologies in controlling the cutting force and optimizing the machining time. In the present case study, a reduction of 50% in machining time was achievable by adjusting the feed rate without increasing the peak value of cutting force.
Mid‐term Results of an ERAS Program of Bariatric Surgery in a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Lacroix Coralie , Zamparini Marion , Meunier Hugo , Fiant Anne‐Lise , Le Roux Yannick , Bion Adrien Lee , Savey Véronique , Alves Arnaud , Menahem Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Background

To identify preoperative risk factors for discharge failure beyond postoperative day two (POD‐2) in bariatric surgery ERAS program in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

all consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric treated in accordance with ERAS protocol between January 2017 and December 2019 were included. Two groups were identified, failure of early discharge (> POD‐2) (ERAS‐F) and success of early discharge (≤ POD‐2) (ERAS‐S). Overall postoperative morbidity, unplanned readmission rates were analyzed at POD‐30 and POD‐90, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent risk factors for LOS > 2 days (ERAS‐F).

Results

A total of 697 consecutive patients were included, 148 (21.2%) in ERAS‐F group and 549 (78.8%) in ERAS‐S group. All postoperative complications at POD 90, whether medical or surgical were significantly more frequent in ERAS‐F group than in ERAS‐S group. Neither readmission nor unplanned consultations rates at POD 90 were significantly different between both groups. History of psychiatric disorder (p = 0.01), insulin‐dependent diabetes (p < 0.0001), use of anticoagulants medicine (p < 0.00001), distance to the referral center > 100 km (p = 0.006), gallbladder lithiasis (p = 0.02), and planned additional procedures (p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for delayed discharge beyond POD‐2.

Conclusions

One in five patients with bariatric surgery failed to discharge earlier despite the ERAS program. Knowledge of these preoperative risk factors would allow us to identify patients who need more recovery time and a tailored approach to the ERAS protocol.
Comparison of Oncological and Perioperative Outcomes Between Self‐Expanding Metal Stents and Decompression Tubes for Stages II and III Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Yamane Kei , Umino Yosuke , Nagami Tadashi , Tarumoto Koji , Hattori Kuniaki , Maemoto Ryo , Iwasaki Junji , Kanazawa Akiyoshi
Published: May 2023

Background

A bridge to surgery (BTS) using self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) is becoming the primary treatment for obstructive colorectal cancer (OCRC). In Japan, intestinal decompression was usually performed using decompression tubes (DTs). However, few reports have compared the outcomes of SEMS and DTs as BTS. Therefore, we compared the treatment outcomes of SEMS and DTs for OCRC.

Methods

Data of 80 patients who underwent radical resection after endoscopic decompression for stage II or III OCRC between 2007 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received SEMS (n = 53) or DTs (n = 27).

Results

The clinical success rate of decompression was 96.2% and 88.9% in the SEMS and DT groups, respectively. Additionally, 96.2% of patients who received SEMS were able to resume their routine diet without stricture symptoms. The rate of stoma construction and incidence of postoperative complications were lower in the SEMS group (p < 0.005 and p < 0.01, respectively). The 3‐year relapse‐free survival rates were 71.9% and 51.2% in the SEMS and DT groups, respectively, which were not significantly different (p = 0.10).

Conclusion

BTS using SEMS might be an adequate treatment for stage II or III OCRC regardless of tumor location owing to the comparable oncological outcomes with DT and low perioperative complication rate.
On Extremal Functions and V. Markov Type Polynomial Inequality for Certain Subsets of $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$
Authors: Baran Mirosław , Sroka Grzegorz
Published: May 2023

We introduce a polynomial extremal function $$\Phi (E,{\mathbb {F}},z)$$

Φ
(
E
,
F
,
z
)

which is one of possible generalizations of the classical Siciak extremal function, restricted to subspaces $${\mathbb {F}}$$
F
of the linear space of all polynomials of N variables that are invariant under differentiation. We show that the so-called HCP condition in this situation: $$\log \Phi (E,{\mathbb {F}},z)\le A\text { dist}(z,E)^s,\ z\in {\mathbb {C}}^N$$

log
Φ

(
E
,
F
,
z
)

≤
A

dist

(
z
,
E
)

s

,

z
∈

C

N

is equivalent to a generalization of the classical V. Markov’s inequality: $$||D^\alpha P||_E\le A_1^{|\alpha |}\frac{(\deg P)^{m|\alpha |}}{(|\alpha |!)^{m-1}}||P||_E,\ P\in {\mathbb {F}}$$

|
|

D
α

P
|
|

E

≤

A
1

|
α
|

(
deg
P
)

m
|
α
|

(
|
α
|
!
)

m
-
1

|
|
P
|
|

E

,

P
∈
F

with dependence $$m=1/s$$

m
=
1
/
s

. The situation is similar to the basic case (cf. [8]) $${\mathbb {F}}={\mathbb {K}}[z_1,\dots ,z_N],$$

F
=
K
[

z
1

,
⋯
,

z
N

]
,

where a V. Markov’s type inequality was introduced and the above-mentioned equivalence was proved. As a byproduct, we prove new results related to V. Markov’s inequality for an important class of subsets of $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

, which are then applied to obtain the first versions of this inequality for some thin sets, such as spheres in $${\mathbb {R}}^{N+1}$$

R

N
+
1

and Euclidean spheres in particular. Furthermore, we prove an interesting fact on the polynomial convex hull of the circle $$S^1$$

S
1

, as a subset of $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

.
Visualyre: multimodal album art generation for independent musicians
Authors: Azuaje Gamar , Liew Kongmeng , Epure Elena , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji
Published: May 2023

Album art often reflects the trends and themes of the songs in a given collection, and even the identities of the musicians who produced it. It therefore plays a central role in fomenting a potential listener’s first impression of the work. As such, musicians strive to find suitable images for this purpose, and those with limited financial resources or design skills may struggle to do so. Here, we report the development of Visualyre, a deep learning–based application that generates album art images from users’ song lyrics and audio files. This tool relies on generative adversarial network models to generate images from textual input (lyrics) and style transfer models to adjust the image according to the mood of the audio. We then report the results of a user study involving 35 amateur and independent musicians who tested the system. Results suggest that Visualyre was generally well received and largely effective in its intended purpose: providing musicians with a resource for generating their own album art.
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on postpartum mothers in London, England: An online focus group study
Authors: Emmott Emily H. , Gilliland Astor , Lakshmi Narasimhan Anjana , Myers Sarah
Published: May 2023

Aims

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on postpartum mothers in England, with the aim of identifying opportunities to improve maternal experience and wellbeing. The postpartum/postnatal period is widely acknowledged as a time when mothers require greater levels of support from multiple sources. However, stay-at-home orders, commonly known as “lockdown,” deployed in some countries to limit COVID-19 transmission reduced access to support. In England, many postpartum mothers navigated household isolation within an intensive mothering and expert parenting culture. Examining the impact of lockdown may reveal strengths and weaknesses in current policy and practice.

Subject and methods

We conducted online focus groups involving 20 mothers living in London, England, with “lockdown babies,” following up on our earlier online survey on social support and maternal wellbeing. We thematically analysed focus group transcripts, and identified key themes around Lockdown Experience and Determinants of Lockdown Experience.

Results

Participants raised some positives of lockdown, including fostering connections and protection from external expectations, but also raised many negatives, including social isolation, institutional abandonment, and intense relationships within the household. Potential reasons behind variations in lockdown experience include physical environments, timing of birth, and number of children. Our findings reflect how current systems may be “trapping” some families into the male-breadwinner/female-caregiver family model, while intensive mothering and expert parenting culture may be increasing maternal stress and undermining responsive mothering.

Conclusions

Facilitating partners to stay at home during the postpartum period (e.g., increasing paternity leave and flexible working) and establishing peer/community support to decentre reliance on professional parenting experts may promote positive postpartum maternal experience and wellbeing.
MWD Data-Based Marble Quality Class Prediction Models Using ML Algorithms
Authors: Akyildiz Ozge , Basarir Hakan , Vezhapparambu Veena Sajith , Ellefmo Steinar
Published: May 2023

Brønnøy Kalk AS operates an open pit mine in Norway producing marble, mainly used by the paper industry. The final product is used as filler and pigment for paper production. Therefore, the quality of the product has utmost importance. In the mine, the primary quality indicator, called TAPPI, is quantified through a laborious sampling process and laboratory experiments. As a part of digital transformation, measurement while drilling (MWD) data have been collected in the mine. The purpose of this paper is to use the recorded MWD data for the prediction of marble quality to facilitate quality blending in the pit. For this purpose, two supervised classification modelling algorithms such as conventional logistic regression and random forest have been employed. The results show that the random forest classification model presents significantly higher statistical performance, and it can be used as a tool for fast and efficient marble quality assessment.
Response of soil bacterial populations to application of biosolids under short-term flooding
Authors: Humphries Nicholas H. , Thornton Steven F. , Chen Xiaohui , Bray Andrew W. , Stewart Douglas I.
Published: May 2023

Biosolids are applied to agricultural land as a soil conditioner and source of crop nutrients. However, there is concern that bacteria from biosolids may become established in soils, particularly if that soil becomes water-logged. This study examined the microbial community of arable soils cultivated with barley under different applications of biosolids (0, 24t/ha, 48t/ha) in laboratory mesocosms which simulated a 10-day flood. Nutrients (P and N) and organic matter in the soil increased with application rate, but plant growth was not affected by biosolid application. The biosolids contained 10× more genetic material than the soil, with much lower bacterial diversity, yet application did not significantly change the taxonomy of the soil microbiome, with minor changes related to increased nutrients and SOM. Anaerobic conditions developed rapidly during flooding, causing shifts in the native soil microbiome. Some bacterial taxa that were highly abundant in biosolids had slightly increased relative abundance in amended soils during the flood. After flooding, soil bacterial populations returned to their pre-flood profiles, implying that the native microbial community is resilient to transient changes. The short-term changes in the microbiome of biosolid-amended soils during flooding do not appear to increase the environmental risk posed by biosolid application.
Factors contributing to the relevance and continuity of life cycle assessment networks
Authors: Suikkanen Johanna , Horn Susanna , Judl Jáchym , Lazarevic David , Niemistö Johanna
Published: May 2023

Purpose

National LCA networks have been supporting the mainstreaming of LCA practice in around a hundred countries. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors which contribute to the continuity and relevance of LCA networks as LCA practice becomes more mainstream. This paper addresses the following research questions: what factors enabled the establishment of LCA networks and how is their relevance maintained? How do LCA networks maintain operational continuity? In-depth interviews with national LCA networks were conducted and thematically analyzed. The results analyze the factors contributing to the establishment of LCA networks, as well as offering a unique insight into the factors affecting their relevance over time and contributing to maintaining their operational continuity. While previously LCA networks focused mainly on raising awareness of life cycle approaches, now, they are moving towards providing a coordinated influence on policies and stakeholders. LCA is no longer only an academic method; it has become mainstreamed in business sectors. By offering diverse activities and networking possibilities, LCA networks remain attractive for their members who are willing to pay a membership fee, which secures their long-term viability. The driving force for starting LCA networks was individual experts with an interest in the topic. The formal establishment of the networks allowed greater budgetary resources and, thus, the ability to carry out a broader set of activities that are relevant for different groups of stakeholders. The role of LCA networks both as a learning platform as well as an influential interface between different organizations makes them relevant over time.
Different Tokes for Different Folks: Use of Cannabis Products Among a Longitudinal Cohort of People with Heroin Dependence
Authors: Wilson Jack , Mills Katherine L. , Sunderland Matthew , Freeman Tom P. , Teesson Maree , Haber Paul S. , Marel Christina
Published: May 2023

Co-occurring cannabis use is common among those with opioid use disorder (OUD), but the extent to which it is harmful may be due to its preparation and concentration of various cannabinoids. The current study aimed to examine the prevalence of, and long-term associations with, the use of varying cannabis products among a naturalistic longitudinal cohort of people with heroin dependence. A total of 615 people, most of whom were entering treatment, were recruited to the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS) in 2001–2002. This analysis focuses on the 401 participants followed up at 18–20 years post baseline. Structured interviews assessed the use of cannabis products, as well as demographic and health covariates. High-potency/indoor-grown cannabis was the most common type ever used (68.8%), and in the past 12 months (80.4%), followed by low potency/outdoor grown (22.4%; 14.4%), and less so for other types of cannabis. After controlling for covariates, older age at baseline was associated with lower odds of high-potency cannabis being used as the primary type in the past 12 months. In contrast to studies of non-opioid dependent populations, common use of high-potency cannabis was not associated with more severe health outcomes.
Das Paracelsus-Prinzip „Allein die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding (k)ein Gift sei“ – ein nicht mehr zeitgemäßer Lehrsatz und ätiologischer Mythos
Authors: Bödeker Wolfgang , Moebus Susanne
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Paracelsus gilt vielen als einer der berühmtesten Begründer moderner Medizin, auf den einflussreiche Konzepte zur gesunden Lebensführung sowie der Vermeidung und der Heilung von Krankheiten zurückgehen. Das einflussreiche Paracelsus-Prinzip, wonach „allein die Dosis macht, dass ein Ding kein Gift sei“, ist verbreitet der Bezugspunkt für die Analyse von gesundheitlichen Risiken sowie der Ableitung von gesundheitsförderlichen Verhalten und Grenzwerten.

Methodik

Der vorliegende Beitrag zeichnet die Herkunft und Rezeptionsgeschichte dieses berühmten Leitsatzes und seines Autors nach. Wir stellen zudem Erkenntnisse der modernen Pharmakologie und Toxikologie über Einflussfaktoren einer Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehung zusammen und kontrastieren sie dem Paracelsus-Prinzip.

Ergebnisse

Der Leitsatz wurde erst 2 Jahrzehnte nach dem Tode Paracelsus veröffentlicht und wird in sich widersprechender deutschsprachiger und lateinischer Version rezipiert. Beide sind wissenschaftlich überholt. Die „Dosis“ als alleinigen Einflussfaktor herauszustellen entspricht nicht dem modernen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand, nach dem eine Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehung stets durch eine Vielzahl von Komponenten beeinflusst ist. Ein biologisches System ist nicht lediglich Rezipient einer Stoffmenge mit resultierenden Effekten. Individuelle Einflussfaktoren wie Alter, genetische Ausstattung, Tagesrhythmen, Lebensstil und weitere Kontextfaktoren beeinflussen eine Wirkung.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Paracelsus-Prinzip ist weiterhin populär und wird auch in Lehrbüchern der modernen Pharmakologie und Toxikologie unreflektiert übernommen. Aufgrund dessen wissenschaftlicher Unzulänglichkeit ist es überfällig herauszustellen, dass nicht „allein die Dosis das Gift“ macht, sondern bei gesundheitsbezogenen Risikoabschätzungen und Interventionen weitere Kontextfaktoren berücksichtigt werden müssen.
Entwicklung gesundheitsförderlicher Strukturen durch kooperative Planung
Authors: Rütten Alfred , Semrau Jana , Wolff Andrea R.
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Dieser Beitrag unterstützt die theoretische Fundierung und Spezifizierung der für die Gesundheitsförderung zentralen Begriffe der „Struktur“ und „Strukturentwicklung“, um so strukturbezogene Interventionen zielgenauer und wirksamer gestalten zu können. In diesem Rahmen wird mit der kooperativen Planung ein Ansatz vorgestellt, mit dem sich eine gesundheitsförderliche Strukturentwicklung theoriebasiert und zugleich praxisnah erreichen lässt.

Material und Methoden

Eine Analyse des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses zur gesundheitsförderlichen Strukturentwicklung zeigt zunächst Defizite der bisherigen Begriffsbildung auf. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden ein theoriebasierter Strukturbegriff und ein Modell zur Erklärung der Mechanismen gesundheitsförderlicher Strukturentwicklung als Bezugsrahmen eingeführt. In diesem Kontext wird die kooperative Planung als „innovative soziale Praxis“ definiert, im Modell verortet und anhand empirischer Beispiele erläutert.

Ergebnisse

Notwendige Bedingungen einer Strukturentwicklung durch kooperative Planung werden aufgezeigt. Im kooperativen Prozess entwickelte Maßnahmen beziehen sich sowohl auf gesundheitsrelevante Angebote und Infrastrukturen als auch auf Veränderungen der politischen Praxis. Wirkungen werden insbesondere anhand veränderter Handlungsfähigkeiten beteiligter Akteur:innen sowie veränderter Handlungsschemata und Ressourcenallokationen im kommunalen Kontext veranschaulicht.

Schlussfolgerung

Die kooperative Planung sollte zukünftig auf einer breiteren Basis und auch in neuen Anwendungsfeldern erprobt und weiterentwickelt werden.
A Framework for Future-Oriented Assessment of Converging Technologies at National Level
Authors: Ghazinoory Sepehr , Fatemi Mehdi , Saghafi Fatemeh , Ahmadian Abbas Ali , Tatina Shiva
Published: May 2023

Converging technologies require intelligent policy-making as they have significant capabilities to develop disruptive innovations. In this regard, future-oriented technology assessment is vital given the great uncertainty about the consequences of and barriers to accessing these technologies. However, few frameworks have been developed to evaluate converging technologies, and most of those have neglected the unique dimensions of these technologies. Therefore, this study aims to provide a policymaking framework for converging technology development. Accordingly, the proposed framework is designed through a meta-synthesis of previous technology assessment frameworks by considering the feasibility, challenges, and achievements of converging technologies development pathways (CTDPs) as the key factors. Then, the framework is implemented in a case study of Iran and an appropriate strategy for each converging technologies development pathway is proposed based on a quadruple matrix of achievements and challenges. The results show that in Iran, biotechnology and cognitive technologies have the highest and lowest development horizons, respectively; and surprisingly, the combined field of biotechnology-cognitive is the most promising pair combination of converging technologies.
Mössbauer study of thermal behavior of CL20ES and CL50WS steel powders used in selective laser melting
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana , Kořenek Michal , Mashlan Miroslav , Svačinová Veronika
Published: May 2023

The phase and structural changes of steel powders CL20ES and CL50WS used in additive manufacturing were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Investigated powders were annealed in the temperature range 500 °C–1100 °C in oxidizing and inert atmosphere. Annealing in an oxidizing atmosphere resulted in the formation of different iron oxides in both steel powders depending on the annealing temperature. In addition, a phase change of ferrite to austenite was identified when annealing CL50WS steel powder in an oxidizing atmosphere. This phase change was confirmed by annealing given CL50WS steel powder in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The transformation of austenite to ferrite phase was observed only, when annealing CL20ES steel powder in an inert atmosphere at 1100 °C. Morphological changes on the surface of the spherical powders were observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Consensus decision-making in artificial swarms via entropy-based local negotiation and preference updating
Authors: Zheng Chuanqi , Lee Kiju
Published: May 2023

This paper presents an entropy-based consensus algorithm for a swarm of artificial agents with limited sensing, communication, and processing capabilities. Each agent is modeled as a probabilistic finite state machine with a preference for a finite number of options defined as a probability distribution. The most preferred option, called exhibited decision, determines the agent’s state. The state transition is governed by internally updating this preference based on the states of neighboring agents and their entropy-based levels of certainty. Swarm agents continuously update their preferences by exchanging the exhibited decisions and the certainty values among the locally connected neighbors, leading to consensus towards an agreed-upon decision. The presented method is evaluated for its scalability over the swarm size and the number of options and its reliability under different conditions. Adopting classical best-of-N target selection scenarios, the algorithm is compared with three existing methods, the majority rule, frequency-based method, and k-unanimity method. The evaluation results show that the entropy-based method is reliable and efficient in these consensus problems.
Isolation, characterization, and application of lytic bacteriophages for controlling Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) in pasteurized milk and yogurt
Authors: Nasr-Eldin Mohamed A. , Gamal Eman , Hazza Mahmoud , Abo-Elmaaty Sabah A.
Published: May 2023

Reducing bacterial pathogen contamination not only improves overall global public health but also diminishes food waste and loss. The use of lytic bacteriophages (phages) that infect and kill bacteria could be a beneficial tool for suppressing bacterial growth during dairy products storage time. Four Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) complex isolates which were previously isolated from contaminated dairy products were used to identify lytic phages in wastewater. Phages specific to multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. cloacae complex 6AS1 were isolated from local sewage. Two novel phages vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2 were identified as myoviral particles and have double-stranded DNA genome. Their host range and lytic capabilities were detected using spot test and efficiency of plating (EOP) against several bacterial isolates. The phages had a latent period of 30 min, and a large burst size of about 100 and 142 PFU/cell for vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2, respectively. Both phages were viable at pH ranging 5–9 and stable at 70 °C for 60 min. The individual phages and their cocktail preparations (vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2) reduced and inhibited the growth of E. cloacae complex 6AS1 during challenge test in milk and yogurt samples. These results indicate that the E. cloacae complex-specific phages (vB_EclM-EP1 and vB_EclM-EP2) have a potential application as microbicidal agents in packaged milk and milk derivatives during storage time. In addition, our environment is a rich sources of lytic phages which have potential use in eliminating multidrug-resistant isolates in food industry as well as in biocontrol.
Characterising the Long-Term Language Impairments of Children Following Cerebellar Tumour Surgery by Extracting Psycholinguistic Properties from Spontaneous Language
Authors: Svaldi Cheyenne , Paquier Philippe , Keulen Stefanie , van Elp Henrieke , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene , Kingma Annet , Jonkers Roel , Kohnen Saskia , de Aguiar Vânia
Published: May 2023

Following cerebellar tumour surgery, children may suffer impairments of spontaneous language. Yet, the language processing deficits underlying these impairments are poorly understood. This study is the first to try to identify these deficits for four levels of language processing in cerebellar tumour survivors. The spontaneous language of twelve patients who underwent cerebellar tumour surgery (age range 3–24 years) was compared against his or her controls using individual case statistics. A distinction was made between patients who experienced postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS) and those who did not. Time since surgery ranged between 11 months and 12;3 years. In order to identify the impaired language processing levels at each processing level (i.e., lexical, semantic, phonological and/or morphosyntactic) nouns and verbs produced in the spontaneous language samples were rated for psycholinguistic variables (e.g., concreteness). Standard spontaneous language measures (e.g., type-token ratio) were calculated as well. First, inter-individual heterogeneity was observed in the spontaneous language outcomes in both groups. Nine out of twelve patients showed language processing deficits three of whom were diagnosed with pCMS. Results implied impairments across all levels of language processing. In the pCMS-group, the impairments observed were predominantly morphosyntactic and semantic, but the variability in nature of the spontaneous language impairments was larger in the non-pCMS-group. Patients treated with cerebellar tumour surgery may show long-term spontaneous language impairments irrespective of a previous pCMS diagnosis. Individualised and comprehensive postoperative language assessments seem necessary, given the inter-individual heterogeneity in the language outcomes.
Propensity score matched analysis of postoperative nausea and pain after one anastomosis gastric bypass (MGB/OAGB) versus sleeve gastrectomy (SG)
Authors: Vitiello Antonio , Iacovazzo Carmine , Berardi Giovanna , Vargas Maria , Marra Annachiara , Buonanno Pasquale , Velotti Nunzio , Musella Mario
Published: May 2023

The aim of our study was to assess and compare postoperative nausea and pain after one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Patients undergoing OAGB and LSG at our institution between November 2018 and November 2021 have been prospectively asked to report postoperative nausea and pain on a numeric analogic scale. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to collect scores of these symptoms at the 6th and 12th postoperative hour. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate effect of type of surgery on postoperative nausea and pain scores. To adjust for baseline differences between cohorts, a propensity score algorithm was used to match LSG patients to MGB/OAGB patients in a 1:1 ratio with a 0.1 tolerance. A total number of 228 (119 SGs and 109 OAGBs) subjects were included in our study. Nausea after OAGB was significantly less severe than after LSG both at the 6th and 12th hour assessment; pain was less strong after OAGB at the 6th hour but not after 12 h. Fifty-three individuals had a rescue administration of metoclopramide after LSG and 34 after OAGB (44.5% vs 31.2%, p = 0.04); additional painkillers were required by 41 patients after LSG and 23 after OAGB (34.5% vs 21.1%, p = 0.04). Early postoperative nausea was significantly less severe after OAGB, while pain was comparable especially at the 12th hour.
Orlicz–Lorentz function spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm
Authors: Foralewski Paweł , Kończak Joanna
Published: May 2023

We investigate Orlicz–Lorentz function spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm generated by any Orlicz function and any non-increasing weight function. As far as we know, this is the first time such a general research is conducted. First we show some basic properties of the Orlicz norm, including its equality to the Amemiya norm, the problem of attainability of infimum in the definition of the Amemiya norm and a formula for the norm of a characteristic function. Then we find criteria for the order continuity and strict monotonicity and we study the problem of existence of order linearly isometric copies of $$l^{\infty }$$

l
∞

.
The History of the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s Ethics Codes
Authors: Sellers Tyra P. , Seniuk Holly A. , Lichtenberger Sarah N. , Carr James E.
Published: May 2023

As the primary certification organization in behavior analysis, the BACB has published nine ethics-based documents and codes since its inception in 1998. The ethics standards in these publications have served as the basis of ethics education and disciplinary enforcement in applied behavior analysis for over 2 decades. As it is important for developing professions to document their evolution for later historical analysis, the purpose of this article is to describe the development and evolution of the BACB’s ethics-based documents and codes.
Physische und psychische Beschwerden sowie arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge bei Musikpädagog:innen verschiedener Altersgruppen
Authors: Kirsch Marieke , Kirsch Falko , Böckelmann Irina
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Der Beruf der Musikpädagog:innen an den Musikschulen stellt aus dem Blickwinkel der Belastungssituation eine Kombination der Berufe der Instrumental- oder Orchestermusiker:innen und der an allgemeinbildenden Schulen tätigen Lehrer:innen dar. Während es bereits Untersuchungen zu Belastungen und Beanspruchungen in den Einzelberufen Instrumental- und Orchestermusiker:innen sowie Lehrer:innen gibt, ist die Berufsgruppe Musikpädagog:innen bisher nur wenig untersucht worden. Als Hauptbelastungsfaktoren stellten sich Lärmbelastung, unzureichende räumliche Voraussetzungen, Probleme in der Interaktion sowie Belastungen des muskuloskeletalen Systems heraus. Um die Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Situation konkret in diesem kombinierten Berufsbild zu analysieren, wurde eine Online-Befragung durchgeführt.

Methodik

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stand die Fragestellung zur Beanspruchung und derzeitigen Arbeitsfähigkeit sowie Nutzung arbeitsmedizinischer Vorsorge. An der Befragung beteiligten sich 205 Proband:innen (33,7 % Männer und 66,3 % Frauen).

Ergebnisse

In dieser Berufsgruppe ergaben sich gehäuft Lärmempfindlichkeit (subjektive Einschätzung des Lärms; bei 60,5 %) und muskuloskeletale Beschwerden (82 %) als physische Beanspruchungen sowie verschiedene psychische Beeinträchtigungen. Signifikante Unterschiede in der Beschwerdehäufigkeit wurden zwischen den Altersgruppen nicht festgestellt.

Im Rahmen der Fragen bezüglich der Nutzung Vorsorgeangebote war auffällig, dass trotz der Häufigkeit von tätigkeitsbezogenen Beschwerden, eine arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge an den Musikschulen nicht flächendeckend durchgeführt bzw. in Anspruch genommen wurde. Ebenso war die Nutzung von persönlicher Schutzausrüstung (Gehörschutz) selten.

Diskussion

Insgesamt spiegelten die ermittelten Daten die Komponenten der Belastungs-Beanspruchungs-Situation aus den Tätigkeiten von Instrumental‑/Orchestermusiker:innen und Lehrer:innen wider. Trotz der negativen Beanspruchungen aufgrund der zahlreichen Belastungsfaktoren wird eine arbeitsmedizinische Vorsorge oder Schutzausrüstung nicht lückenlos angeboten. Es wäre also notwendig, die Präventionsmaßnahmen zu intensivieren und die Beratung im Rahmen der Vorsorge auf die besonderen Bedürfnisse der Musikpädagog:innen individuell zuzuschneiden.
Risk Chain Mining of Hazard Sources in Metro Operation System Safety: A New Method to Mine and Control Risk for Safety Management
Authors: Xiaobing Ding , Gan Shi , Zhigang Liu , Hua Hu
Published: May 2023

With the promotion of the major strategy of national transportation power, the super-large-scale metro operation network has become an inevitable trend, and operation safety has become increasingly prominent. Metro operation dispatch logs and accident reports were taken as the research object, the hazard sources were efficiently and accurately identified, the risk chains of hazard sources were mined, and the risk evolution mechanism was revealed. Firstly, the transportation lexicon was constructed to improve the accuracy of word segmentation, the text features were extracted based on the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) algorithm, and the key eigenvalues were mined to identify the key hazard sources. Secondly, pattern matching was used to extract explicit causality, and the Self-Attention BiLSTM extracted implicit causality and integrated event trigger word position identification to enhance the effectiveness of implicit causality extraction. Finally, an example was given to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the model, the experiments showed that the F value of extraction effect was increased by nearly 10%, the extraction accuracy was 87.53%, the identification of operational hazard sources was more accurate, and the visualization of risk evolution law was realized.
New Kronecker–Weyl type equidistribution results and Diophantine approximation
Authors: Beck József , Chen William W. L. , Yang Yuxuan
Published: May 2023

An interesting result of Veech more than 50 years ago is a parity, or mod 2, version of the Kronecker–Weyl equidistribution theorem concerning the irrational rotation sequence $$\{q\alpha \}$$

{
q
α
}

, $$q=0,1,2,3,\ldots $$

q
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
3
,
…

If $$\alpha $$
α
is badly approximable and $$b\in (0,1)$$

b
∈
(
0
,
1
)

satisfies $$b\ne \{m\alpha \}$$

b
≠
{
m
α
}

for any $$m\in {\mathbb {Z}}$$

m
∈
Z

, then the parity of cardinalities of the sets $$\{1\leqslant q\leqslant N\,{:}\,\{q\alpha \}\in [0,b)\}$$

{
1
⩽
q
⩽
N

:

{
q
α
}
∈
[
0
,
b
)
}

as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

is evenly distributed. We first answer a question of Veech and establish a stronger form of the mod n analog of his result. Furthermore, for irrational $$\alpha $$
α
and $$b=\{m\alpha \}$$

b
=
{
m
α
}

for some $$m\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

m
∈
N

, we give a simple yet precise characterization of those cases that give rise to even distribution. We also obtain time-quantitative description of some very striking violations of uniformity—this part is particularly number theoretic in nature, and involves Ostrowski representations of positive integers and $$\alpha $$
α
-expansions of real numbers. The Veech discrete 2-circle problem can also be visualized as a problem that concerns 1-direction geodesic flow on a surface obtained by modifying the surface comprising two side-by-side squares by the inclusion of symmetric barriers and gates on the vertical edges, with appropriate modification of the vertical edge identifications. We establish a far-reaching generalization of this case to ones that concern 1-direction geodesic flow on surfaces obtained by modifying a finite square tiled translation surface in analogous but not necessarily symmetric ways.