bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Enhanced Photoreforming of Biomass Furans over a Urea‐Incorporated Cu(II) Porphyrin Framework
Authors: Zhang Yingchuan , Zhang Wanzhang , Zhang Fupeng , Xiao Yang , Jia Guangri , Wang Wenchao , Ke Fu‐Sheng , Guo Zhengxiao
Published: April 2024

Solar‐driven upgrading of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) holds great promise for sustainable production of bio‐plastics and resins. However, the process is limited by poor selectivity and sluggish kinetics due to the vertical coordination of HMF at relatively strong metal sites. Here, we purposely developed a Cu(II) porphyrin framework featuring side‐chain incorporated urea linkages, denoted as TBUPP−Cu MOF, to render HMF a weak hydrogen bond at the urea site and flat adsorption via π–π stacking with the benzene moiety. The unique configuration promotes the approaching of −CHO of HMF to the photoexcited porphyrin ring towards kinetically and thermodynamically favourable intermediate formation and subsequent desorption. The charge localisation and orbital energy alignment enable the selective activation of O2 over the porphyrin to generate ⋅O2− and 1O2 instead of highly oxidative H2O2 and ⋅OH via spin‐flip electron transfer, which drive the ambient oxidation of proximal −CHO. The effective utilisation of redox species and circumvented over‐oxidation facilitate a FDCA selectivity of >90 % with a high turnover number of 193 molHMF molCu−1. The facile purification of high‐purity FDCA and zero‐waste recycling of intermediates and durable catalyst feature TBUPP−Cu MOF a promising photo‐oxidation platform towards net‐zero biorefining and organic transformations.
Self‐assembled nanoparticles based on pullulan‐g‐poly(Z‐L‐lysine) for controlled drug delivery: Synthesis, characterization and preliminary studies on the encapsulation of indomethacin
Authors: Vieira T. A. , Matos L. , Carvalho L. T. , Alves G. M. , Lacerda T. M. , Medeiros S. F.
Published: April 2024

Novel biocompatible systems suitable for the controlled release of active ingredients are under the spotlight within the last few years. The present investigation focuses on the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) based on the amphiphilic copolymer pullulan‐graft‐poly(Z‐L‐lysine) bearing different amounts of lysine (10, 20, and 30 wt%), and on the evaluation of their ensuing viability to encapsulate the hydrophobic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug indomethacin (INDO). The copolymers are synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization, characterized by NMR and FTIR, and their critical aggregation concentration is determined by fluorescence. The NPs are prepared with and without INDO using different copolymer/solvent ratios and INDO/copolymer ratios. The hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity of the NP suspensions are monitored by dynamic light scattering for 30 days. Their sizes vary between 208 and 338 nm, and some reach the micrometric range (19–73 μm). INDO‐free NPs are identified as spherical‐shaped by atomic force microscopy. Two formulations are tested in terms of encapsulation efficiency (EE = 43%–89%), and the drug crystallinity (DC = 7%–27%) which is determined by differential scanning calorimetry, indicating a reduction with respect to pristine INDO. The results suggest that the copolymers prepared herewith have potential to be applied as carriers for new drug delivery systems of class II drugs.
Synthesis and characterization of styrene‐maleic acid block copolymers with acrylic and methacrylic acids for potential use in membrane protein extraction
Authors: Khaojanta Thidarat , Punyamoonwongsa Patchara , Molloy Robert
Published: April 2024

Styrene‐maleic acid (SMA) block copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were synthesized via a 3‐step process comprising: (1) photopolymerization of styrene and maleic anhydride in solution to yield an alternating styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMAnh) copolymer, (2) copolymerization of SMAnh with AA and MAA to yield SMAnh‐b‐AA and SMAnh‐b‐MAA block copolymers, and (3) base‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the anhydride groups to yield water‐soluble SMA‐b‐AA and SMA‐b‐MAA block copolymers. Copolymer compositions and average molecular weights were determined by the synthesis methodology used in which reversible chain transfer was a key component. Copolymer characterization was carried out by a combination of techniques, namely: ATR‐FTIR, 1H‐NMR, dilute‐solution viscometry, GPC, DSC, and TGA. These novel SMA block copolymers have been designed with a view to their use in membrane protein (MP) extraction from plant extracts and other naturally occurring substances of potential therapeutic value. The main function of the AA or MAA blocks is to widen the operational pH range of SMA in terms of (a) maintaining its water solubility at low pH and (b) stabilizing its MP assemblies in solution.
Bioavailability enhancement of coenzyme Q10: An update of novel approaches
Authors: Maciejewska‐Stupska Karolina , Czarnecka Kamila , Szymański Paweł
Published: April 2024

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential, lipid‐soluble vitamin involved in electron transport in the oxidoreductive reactions of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Structurally, the quinone ring is connected to an isoprenoid moiety, which has a high molecular weight. Over the years, coenzyme Q10 has become relevant in the treatment of several diseases, like neurodegenerative disorders, coronary diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and others. According to studies, CoQ10 supplementation might be beneficial in the treatment of CoQ10 deficiencies and disorders associated with oxidative stress. However, the water‐insoluble nature of CoQ10 is a major hindrance to successful supplementation. So far, many advancements in CoQ10 bioavailability enhancement have been developed using novel drug carriers such as solid dispersion, liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, self‐emulsifying drug systems, or various innovative approaches (CoQ10 complexation with proteins). This article aims to provide an update on methods to improve CoQ10 solubility and bioavailability.
Personalization above anonymization? A role for considering the humanity and spirituality of the dead in anatomical education
Authors: Lazarus Michelle D. , Douglas Peter , Stephens Georgina C.
Published: April 2024

Clinical anatomy education is meant to prepare students for caring for the living, often by working with the dead. By their nature many clinical anatomy education programs privilege topographical form  over the donor's humanity. This inbalance between the living and the dead generates tensions between the tangible and the spiritual insofar as semblances of the humanity of donors endure even in depictions and derivatives. This article argues that considering the relevance of spirituality, and what endures of a donor's humanity after death, would enhance contemporary anatomy education and the ethical treatment of human body donors (and derivatives). In developing this argument, we (the authors) address the historical connection between spirituality and anatomy, including the anatomical locations of the soul. This serves as a basis for examining the role of the mimetic—or imitative—potential of deceased human donors as representations of the living. We deliberate on the ways in which the depersonalization and anonymization of those donating challenge the mimetic purpose of human body donors and the extent to which such practices are misaligned with the health care shift  from a biomedical to a biopsychosocial model. Weighing up the risks and opportunities of anonymization versus personalization of human body donors, we propose curricula that could serve to enhance the personalization of human donors to support students learning topographical form. In doing so, we argue that the personalization of human donors and depictions could prevent the ill effects of digital representations going “viral,” and enhance opportunities for donors to help the general public learn more about the human form.
Optimal control for networked control system with Markovian packet loss and delay
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Liu Tao , Li Zixing , Liang Xiao
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on the optimal output‐feedback control and stabilization of a networked control system, where both time delay and packet loss are involved. Different from most previous work, the packet loss is Markovian, and the time delay occurs between the actuator and controller. The difficulty is rooted in the failure of the separation principle. The main tools are solving the delayed forward‐backward stochastic difference equations (D‐FBSDEs) and convergent analysis. Resorting to solving D‐FBSDEs and completing the square, we acquire the analytical solution, including the necessary and sufficient solvability condition and the explicit controller, of the finite‐horizon optimal control problem. Based on the finite‐horizon result and convergent analysis, we then obtain the analytical solution of the infinite‐horizon optimal control and stabilization problems. In addition, by analyzing the convergence of the optimal estimator, we establish a constraint relationship between the packet loss probability
and the system matrix
. The results are evaluated by numerical examples.
Event‐triggered secure control under denial‐of‐service attacks for cyber‐physical systems with positive constraint
Authors: Liu Jiao , Li Xiaopeng , Liu Yixian , Kang Le
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the stabilization problem for cyber‐physical systems subject to positive constraint and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks using the event‐triggered scheme. Unlike traditional modeling of cyber physical systems with DoS attack, this paper establishes a positive switched system model composed of two positive subsystems that according to the DoS attack is active or inactive. Considering the effect of positive constraint and DoS attack, a 1‐norm‐based event‐triggered mechanism is proposed in the sleep interval of DoS attacks. By incorporating switching theory with event‐triggered mechanism, the sufficient condition of positive property and exponential stabilization for the considered system is established. Thereafter, the gain matrix of the controller is calculated by matrix decomposition technique. Furthermore, the Zeno behavior is eliminated with a lower bound of the event‐triggered interval. Finally, an example is carried out to verify the validity of the theoretical results.
Mechanical and Electrochemical Implications of Drying Temperature on Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Kukay Alexander , Polizos Georgios , Bott Emily , Ielvev Anton , Tao Runming , Sharma Jaswinder , Li Jianlin
Published: April 2024

Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) electrodes are typically produced with n‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, a toxic solvent that is a known carcinogen and reproductive hazard. Accordingly, aqueous processing has been an expanding area of research interest in the field of LIB manufacturing. Although aqueous processing has been widely successful in anode processing, serious challenges remain in processing the cathode. In this work, the drying mechanics of cathode processed with both solvents is investigated though implementation of a chemical‐engineering‐based model to better understand the utilization of heat provided by experimentally determining the heat and mass transfer coefficients. Electrochemical performance is also evaluated to determine the impact of drying temperature on cycling performance. Binder distribution is determined via various methods to confirm differences in binder homogeneity as a function of both solvent and drying temperature. Identified is the large difference in the efficiency in which the heat is used as well as an ideal drying temperature for both aqueous and non‐aqueous processed cathodes. Also identified is the increased sensitivity to processing temperature for aqueous processed electrodes compared to non‐aqueous processed counterparts, pointing to the possibility of tuned drying regimes which would capitalize on the potential cost savings of aqueous processing for cathodes.
Advancing the agave‐soil nexus approach: A systematic review
Authors: Queiroz Hermano Melo , Ferreira Tiago Osório , Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino , Pereira Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães , Cherubin Maurício Roberto
Published: April 2024

Agave plants, found primarily in arid and semi‐arid regions, have been utilized by indigenous communities for various purposes for thousands of years. They currently serve as crops to produce alcoholic beverages and fibers. Despite their importance, there is limited understanding of the relationship between agave and soil. This article addresses some of the knowledge gaps regarding the interactions and benefits of the agave‐soil approach. Among all the documents reviewed, 153 discussed individual soil parameters (45 physical, 68 chemical, and 40 biological), 59 explored interactions between them, and 130 did not address soil aspects (i.e., soil was merely presented as a substrate for the growth and development of plants and was not examined in the study's findings). Moreover, the historical evolution of the research highlights two distinct periods (from 1985 to 2000 and between 2010 to 2023) of notable publication activity, with recent years witnessing a surge in studies involving soil management techniques, genetic improvement of agave species, bioremediation, and the use of residues for bioenergy, biofuel, and soil amendments. There is a notable increasing trend in diverse research areas interested in these interactions, reflecting a broader recognition of the importance of understanding soil functioning in agave cultivation. Indeed, from 2010 to 2023, the use of the keyword ‘soil’ increased by 96% in studies of agave cultivation. This shift in research trends suggests that scientific advances in agave cultivation and soil science can be expected, contributing to sustainable agriculture and the long‐term viability of agave‐based industries. This article underscores an opportunity for further research to optimize agave cultivation and processing (e.g., soil management and productivity), for different purposes while conserving soil health and promoting sustainable land‐use practices.
Thienopyrimidine‐derived multifunctional fluorescence sensor for the detection of Cu2+, Fe3+, and PPi in different solvents
Authors: Shi Manman , Kang Mingyi , Liu Peng , Zhou Han , Pei Meishan , Zhang Guangyou , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: April 2024

Hydrazine substituted thienopyrimidine, a new fluorophore, was used to synthesize a novel Schiff base R1 as a chemosensor via the condensation with p‐formyltriphenylamine, and the structure was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. When treated with Cu2+ in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/H2O buffer, R1 showed a phenomenon of fluorescence quenching, which was reversible with the action of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). When treated with Fe3+ in dimethylformamide (DMF)/H2O buffer, R1 exhibited the same phenomenon, but fluorescence was recovered with inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) quantitatively. The complexation ratios for R1‐Cu2+ and R1‐Fe3+ were both 1:2, which were manifested by MS titrations and corresponding Job's plots. The limits of detection of R1 for Cu2+ and Fe3+ were 3.11 × 10−8 and 1.24 × 10−7 M, respectively. The sensing mechanism of R1 toward Cu2+ and Fe3+ was confirmed using density functional theory calculations and electrostatic potential analysis. Test strips of R1 were fabricated successfully for on‐site detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+. In addition, R1 was applied to recognize Cu2+ and Fe3+ in actual water samples with satisfactory recovery.
Near‐infrared mechanoluminescence sensor: A new method for on‐site infrastructure detection
Authors: An Hongbin , Ju Haonan , Ren Zhiliang , Yang Hang , Huang Xinru , Tu Dong
Published: April 2024

Near‐infrared mechanoluminescence is a phenomenon that produces high penetrating near‐infrared light under external stimulation. Near‐infrared light coincides with the biological window, lower optical loss, and the fact that the mechanoluminescence material is a medium that converts mechanical energy into light energy. The near‐infrared mechanoluminescence material has potential application prospects in the fields of biological imaging, medical diagnosis, and monitoring of building materials. In this article, we report on a perovskite‐type Sr3Sn2O7:Nd3+ near‐infrared mechanoluminescence material, and its peaks locate in the first near‐infrared window (800–1000 nm) and the second near‐infrared window (1080, 1350 nm), respectively. Under the condition of pre‐sintering with Li2CO3 as flux, the best sintering conditions are obtained, and the luminescence of material is in perfect agreement with the applied mechanical stress. In addition, a near‐infrared mechanoluminescence sensor is proposed to solve the problem of building damage and timely maintenance.
A modified neural circuit framework for semantic memory retrieval with implications for circuit modulation to treat verbal retrieval deficits
Authors: Chiang Hsueh‐Sheng , Mudar Raksha A. , Dugas Christine S. , Motes Michael A. , Kraut Michael A. , Hart John
Published: April 2024

Word finding difficulty is a frequent complaint in older age and disease states, but treatment options are lacking for such verbal retrieval deficits. Better understanding of the neurophysiological and neuroanatomical basis of verbal retrieval function may inform effective interventions. In this article, we review the current evidence of a neural retrieval circuit central to verbal production, including words and semantic memory, that involves the pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA), striatum (particularly caudate nucleus), and thalamus. We aim to offer a modified neural circuit framework expanded upon a memory retrieval model proposed in 2013 by Hart et al., as evidence from electrophysiological, functional brain imaging, and noninvasive electrical brain stimulation studies have provided additional pieces of information that converge on a shared neural circuit for retrieval of memory and words. We propose that both the left inferior frontal gyrus and fronto‐polar regions should be included in the expanded circuit. All these regions have their respective functional roles during verbal retrieval, such as selection and inhibition during search, initiation and termination of search, maintenance of co‐activation across cortical regions, as well as final activation of the retrieved information. We will also highlight the structural connectivity from and to the pre‐SMA (e.g., frontal aslant tract and fronto‐striatal tract) that facilitates communication between the regions within this circuit. Finally, we will discuss how this circuit and its correlated activity may be affected by disease states and how this circuit may serve as a novel target engagement for neuromodulatory treatment of verbal retrieval deficits.
Can neurocognition, brain neurotrophic factor, triglyceride, and total cholesterol predict suicidal ideation in first‐episode Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia?
Authors: Dongxia Li , Li Ma , Yingying Feng
Published: April 2024

Objective

Previous studies have suggested that the suicide rate of patients with schizophrenia is high. This study investigates factors influencing suicidal ideation in first‐episode schizophrenia patients, focusing on cognitive function, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in patients with first‐episode schizophrenia.

Methods

A total of 123 patients with first‐episode schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients were divided into suicidal and nonsuicidal ideation groups based on the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and they were assessed with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Chinese version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) and the serum BDNF, TG, and TC were detected. The main statistical methods include t‐test, χ2 test, multivariate logistic regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the DeLong test.

Results

26.02% of patients exhibited suicidal ideation. Higher PANSS and TC levels were risk factors, while higher MCCB scores and BDNF levels were protective factors. ROC analysis indicated AUCs of 0.630, 0.724, and 0.762 for serum BDNF, PANSS, and MCCB, respectively, with a combined AUC of 0.870.

Conclusion

Serum BDNF level, PANSS score, and MCCB score can be used as auxiliary predictors of suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients. Combining these three indicators can effectively predict suicidal ideation in schizophrenic patients.
Organisational practices and social inclusion: Inclusionary place‐making in the library
Authors: Kerr Rosslyn , Hopkins Nick
Published: April 2024

Social psychology has long been concerned with social exclusion. Much of this interest has focused on people's negative intergroup attitudes and how these may be changed through individual‐level interventions. In this paper we explore a different level of intervention – one that targets the routine organisational practices that communicate who is welcome and able to draw on the organisation's services. Specifically, we investigate how a public‐facing organisation—a library service—engaged in a process of self‐reflection on its routine social practices with the aim of making people experiencing various forms of exclusion (e.g., job seekers, benefit claimants, ethnic minorities) more welcome. Our data arise from interviews (N = 19) with staff concerning their attempts to transform the practices that constitute the library as a distinctive public place. Throughout, we explore how they reflected on their everyday organisational practices, how these may unintentionally exclude, and how they could be modified to facilitate social inclusion. Moreover, we pay particular attention to our participants' understanding of the challenges involved in changing organisational culture and creating a social space in which diversity is accepted.
Metabolomic Profiling and DNA‐Fingerprinting of Newly Recorded White‐Flowered Populations of Salvia lanigera Poir. in Egypt
Authors: Farid Mai M. , Marzouk Mona M. , Ivanova Viktoria , Nedialkov Paraskev , El Shabrawy Mona O. , Kawashty Salwa A. , Sakr Mahmoud M. , Hussein Sameh R. , Trendafilova Antoaneta
Published: April 2024

Salvia lanigera Poir. is a small herbaceous perennial species with violet flowers that grows in low‐altitude deserts, and sandy loam. During the collection of S. lanigera, unusual populations with white flowers were found. Therefore, the two populations (violet‐ and white‐flowered) were subjected to comparative investigations, including DNA fingerprinting, chemical composition, and biological evaluation. The two populations showed DNA variations, with 6.66 % polymorphism in ISSR and 25 % in SCoT markers. GC/MS and UHPLC/HRMS of aqueous methanol extracts, led to the tentative identification of 43 and 50 compounds in both populations. In addition, the structures of nine compounds, including four first‐time reported compounds in the species, were confirmed by NMR. Furthermore, the total extracts exhibited weak radical scavenging activity against DPPH and a lower inhibitory effect towards acetylcholinesterase. In conclusion, the obtained data suggested that the white‐colored flower could be an additional important character record for the Egyptian S. lanigera.
Task‐Similarity is a Crucial Factor for Few‐Shot Meta‐Learning of Structure‐Activity Relationships
Authors: Kötter Alex , Allenspach Stephan , Grebner Christoph , Matter Hans , Hiss Jan A. , Schneider Gisbert , Hessler Gerhard
Published: April 2024

Machine learning models support computer‐aided molecular design and compound optimization. However, the initial phases of drug discovery often face a scarcity of training data for these models. Meta‐learning has emerged as a potentially promising strategy, harnessing the wealth of structure‐activity data available for known targets to facilitate efficient few‐shot model training for the specific target of interest. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of two different meta‐learning methods, namely model‐agnostic meta‐learning (MAML) and adaptive deep kernel fitting (ADKF), specifically in the regression setting. We investigated how factors such as dataset size and the similarity of training tasks impact predictability. The results indicate that ADKF significantly outperformed both MAML and a single‐task baseline model on the inhibition data. However, the performance of ADKF varied across different test tasks. Our findings suggest that considerable enhancements in performance can be anticipated primarily when the task of interest is similar to the tasks incorporated in the meta‐learning process.
n‐Butane Isomerization over 0.5 Pt/HPA/MCM‐41 Catalyst: Optimization Study Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Firouzjaee Mahjoobeh Hajitabar , Taghizadeh Majid
Published: April 2024

In this research, 0.5 % platinum (Pt)/HPAs/MCM‐41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) bifunctional catalysts (with different weight percentages of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and silicotungstic acid (HSiW)) were synthesized for use in the n‐butane isomerization. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption analyses. The best catalytic activity and highest initial isobutane yield at 250 °C, weight hourly space velocity of 0.15 h−1, and H2/nC4 molar ratio of 3:1 belonged to 0.5 %Pt/20 % HPW/MCM‐41 (41 %) and 0.5 % Pt/40 % HSiW/MCM‐41 (45 %) samples. Subsequently, the yield of isobutane over these catalysts was evaluated and optimized by a central composite experimental design. According to the quadratic model, the maximum isobutane yield under optimal operating conditions was 34.5 % and 41.36 %, respectively, for 0.5 % Pt/20 % HPW/MCM‐41 and 0.5 % Pt/40 % HSiW/MCM‐41 catalysts.
The Characterization of Multifaceted PREP1 Peptides Provides Insights into Correlations between Spectroscopic and Structural Properties of Amyloid‐like Assemblies
Authors: Monti Alessandra , Scognamiglio Pasqualina Liana , Ruvo Menotti , Vitagliano Luigi , Doti Nunzianna
Published: April 2024

The widespread ability of proteins and peptides to self‐assemble by forming cross‐β structure is one of the most significant discoveries in structural biology. Intriguingly, the cross‐β association of proteins/peptides may generate intricate supramolecular architectures with uncommon spectroscopic properties. We have recently characterized self‐assembled peptides extracted from the PREP1 protein that are endowed with interesting structural/spectroscopic properties. We here demonstrate that the green fluorescence emission of the peptide PREP1[117‐132] (λem ~520 nm), can be induced by excitation with UV radiation. The associated unusually large Stokes shift (Δλ ~150 nm) represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first evidence of an internal resonance energy transfer in amyloid‐like structures, where the blue emission of some assemblies becomes the excitation radiation for others. Moreover, the characterization of PREP1[117‐132] variants provides insights into the sequence/structure and structure/spectroscopic properties relationships. Our data suggests that the green fluorescence is plausibly associated with antiparallel β‐sheet states of the peptide whereas parallel β‐sheet assemblies are only endowed with blue fluorescence. Notably, the different PREP1[117‐132] variants also form assemblies characterized by distinct morphologies. Indeed, the parent peptide and single mutants form compact but structured aggregates whereas most of the double mutants exhibit elongated and highly extended fibers.
Simulation study of the electrothermal field in a chloride electrolysis cell with 16 electrode pairs
Authors: Liu Qian , Feng Taixi , Zhu Shigui , Lu Guimin
Published: April 2024

The spatial distribution of the electrothermal field within molten salt electrolytic cells significantly influences the efficiency of the electrolysis process, the quality of the end products, and the overall stability of the system. Enhancing the design of chloride electrolysis cells can lead to marked improvements in both process efficiency and system stability, thereby yielding increased economic benefits. This study introduces a design for a chloride electrolysis cell and examines the thermal budget under elevated electrical current intensities across 16 electrode pairs. It further analyzes the degree to which various parameters affect thermal equilibrium. The findings indicate that the electrolytic cell maintains a small thermal budget discrepancy at a current intensity of 124 kA and is less than 5%, with substantial heat dissipation observed at the surface of the top area of anode exposure and considerable energy consumption at both the anode and the electrolyte. Dimensionless treatment of the different parameterized simulation results has been conducted to develop a nondimensional equation, describing the thermal equilibrium conditions within the electrolytic cell. This foundational work paves the way for further investigations into the interactions between the electrothermal field and other physical fields, as well as for the optimization of the electrolytic cell's geometry and design.
Relationship between Thyroid Feedback Quantile‐based Index and cardiovascular diseases in a population with normal thyroid function: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Xue , Wang Xinhui , Yang Qingqing
Published: April 2024

Background

Previous study has demonstrated a link between TFQI, indicating the central sensitivity of thyroid hormones, and conditions like obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Hypothesis

Nevertheless, the potential relationship between TFQI and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with normal thyroid function has yet to be established.

Methods

The present research is a retrospective cohort investigation that included a total of 6297 individuals who had normal function of the thyroid and no history of thyroid disorders. These participants were selected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, covering the years 2007–2012. The calculation of TFQI was performed depending on FT4 and TSH. Given the complex survey design and sample weights, we used multivariate linear regression models and stratified analysis to evaluate TFQI's correlation with CVD.

Results

Subjects with CVD had greater levels of TFQI than those with no CVD. After adjusting for other covariates, TFQI exhibited a positive association with CVD risk, and the OR was 1.706 (p = .005). In subgroup analyses that were stratified by sex and BMI, it was shown that female individuals who had CVD had greater levels of TFQI in comparison to female participants without CVD (p = .002). Furthermore, elevated levels of TFQI were consistently connected to a raised incidence of CVD in the BMI (>28 kg/m2) group after regulating for different covariates. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed an association between TFQI and metabolic biomarkers.

Conclusions

The levels of TFQI are strongly connected to the prevalence of CVD, indicating that energy metabolism may be related to the occurrence of CVD.
Pharmacogenomic study of gemcitabine efficacy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: A multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study (GENESECT study)
Authors: Hatori Masahiro , Tsuji Daiki , Suzuki Kenichi , Yokokawa Takashi , Kawakami Kazuyoshi , Moriyama Ryo , Osada‐Tsuchiya Marika , Otake Aki , Nakao Masahiko , Yano Takuya , Arakawa Yuichiro , Matsuo Keisuke , Ohashi Yasukata , Sakata Yasuhiko , Kogure Yuki , Tamaki Shinya , Wada Atsushi , Taki Yusuke , Sasahira Naoki , Ishii Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Masakazu , Itoh Kunihiko
Published: April 2024

Background

Genetic polymorphisms of molecules are known to cause individual differences in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. However, to date, germline mutations (but not somatic mutations) for anticancer drugs have not been adequately studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between germline polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolic and transporter genes with carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) response (decrease ≥50% from the pretreatment level at 8 weeks) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who receive gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

This multicenter, prospective, observational study enrolled patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer patients who were receiving gemcitabine monotherapy or gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel combination chemotherapy. Thirteen polymorphisms that may be involved in gemcitabine responsiveness were genotyped, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of these genotypes with CA 19‐9 response and OS. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results

In total, 180 patients from 11 hospitals in Japan were registered, and 159 patients whose CA 19‐9 response could be assessed were included in the final analysis. Patients who had a CA 19‐9 response had significantly longer OS (372 vs. 241 days; p = .007). RRM1 2464A>G and RRM2 175T>G polymorphisms suggested a weak association with CA 19‐9 response and OS, but it was not statistically significant. COX‐2 −765G>C polymorphism did not significantly correlate with CA 19‐9 response but was significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio, 2.031; p = .019).

Conclusions

Genetic polymorphisms from the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine did not indicate a significant association with efficacy, but COX‐2 polymorphisms involved in tumor cell proliferation might affect OS.
Is molecular testing of salivary gland FNA specimens ready for prime time?
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P.
Published: April 2024

With improvements in the molecular characterization of salivary gland neoplasms, fine‐needle aspiration specimens, including smears and cell blocks, are amenable to molecular testing for defining alterations, providing a specific diagnosis in many cases, and guiding management in a preoperative setting. Molecular testing can be particularly beneficial and complementary when used within the framework of the Milan system, as the results can further refine the risk of malignancy.
Photocatalytic Transformation of Organics to Valuable Chemicals – Quo Vadis?
Authors: Adamowicz Wiktoria , Yaemsunthorn Kasidid , Kobielusz Marcin , Macyk Wojciech
Published: April 2024

Recent development in photocatalysis is increasingly focused on transforming organic compounds toward producing fine chemicals. Simple, non‐selective oxidation reactions (degradation of pollutants) and very demanding solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion processes (production of solar fuels) face severe economic limitations influenced by still low efficiency and insufficient stability of the systems. Synthesis of fine chemicals, including reductive and oxidative selective transformations, as well as C−C and C−N coupling reactions, can utilise the power of photocatalysis. Herein, we present the recent progress in photocatalytic systems designed to synthesise fine chemicals. In particular, we discuss the factors influencing the efficiency and selectivity of the organic transformations, dividing them into intrinsic (related to individual properties of photocatalysts) and extrinsic (originating from the reaction environment). A rational design of the photocatalytic systems, based on a deep understanding of these factors, opens new perspectives for applied photocatalysis.
Renal B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma with hematuria as the first symptom diagnosed in urine cytology: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Hong , Yang Changwei , Wang Yingmei , Ma Shirong , Zhang Jing
Published: April 2024

Cytological examination of urine sediment is a helpful diagnostic tool for identifying renal involvement by hematological malignancies. We present the case of a 47‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with extranodal B‐lymphoblastic lymphomas after presenting with gross hematuria as his first symptom. The presence of lymphoma cells in the urine led to a diagnosis confirmed through an immunophenotypic study using cell block sections of urine centrifuge sediment and core needle biopsy histology of the right renal pelvis mass. This case highlights the usefulness of a urine cytological study in diagnosing lymphoma involvement in the genitourinary tract. Furthermore, this paper reviews relevant literature on diagnosing lymphoma involvement from urine sediment.
A review of natural products and small‐molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges
Authors: Pasdaran Ardalan , Grice Irwin Darren , Hamedi Azadeh
Published: April 2024

In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time‐consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well‐designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi‐synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal‐oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
Effects of predation risk on parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases
Authors: Thieltges David W. , Johnson Pieter T. J. , van Leeuwen Anieke , Koprivnikar Janet
Published: April 2024

Landscapes of fear can determine the dynamics of entire ecosystems. In response to perceived predation risk, prey can show physiological, behavioral, or morphological trait changes to avoid predation. This in turn can indirectly affect other species by modifying species interactions (e.g., altered feeding), with knock‐on effects, such as trophic cascades, on the wider ecosystem. While such indirect effects stemming from the fear of predation have received extensive attention for herbivore–plant and predator–prey interactions, much less is known about how they alter parasite–host interactions and wildlife diseases. In this synthesis, we present a conceptual framework for how predation risk—as perceived by organisms that serve as hosts—can affect parasite–host interactions, with implications for infectious disease dynamics. By basing our approach on recent conceptual advances with respect to predation risk effects, we aim to expand this general framework to include parasite–host interactions and diseases. We further identify pathways through which parasite–host interactions can be affected, for example, through altered parasite avoidance behavior or tolerance of hosts to infections, and discuss the wider relevance of predation risk for parasite and host populations, including heuristic projections to population‐level dynamics. Finally, we highlight the current unknowns, specifically the quantitative links from individual‐level processes to population dynamics and community structure, and emphasize approaches to address these knowledge gaps.
Multidisciplinary care of peripartum heart failure: A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Rakisheva Amina , Sliwa Karen , Bauersachs Johann , Van Linthout Sophie , Chopra Vijay K. , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Fruzzetti Franca , Cannatà Antonio , Deniau Benjamin , Mebazaa Alexandre , Savarese Gianluigi , Ray Robin , Vitale Cristiana , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe M.C.
Published: April 2024

Heart failure is the most common cardiovascular complication during pregnancy and the postpartum period. It is associated with increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality as well as potentially life‐threatening foetal pathology. Management of heart failure in pregnancy requires expert knowledge of cardiovascular disease as well as obstetrics which underscores the importance of multidisciplinary cardio‐obstetrics teams in order to optimize diagnosis, treatment and outcome. This includes counselling of women at risk before and during the course of pregnancy in order to strengthen the relationship between medical specialists and patients, as well as to allow patient‐centred delivery of care and improve quality of life.
Phosphine‐substituted N‐coordinated Stannylene: Efficient Catalyst in Ketone Hydroboration
Authors: Moždiak Ondřej , Růžičková Zdeňka , Erben Milan , Dostál Libor , Jambor Roman
Published: April 2024

P‐substituted stannylene (Ph2PCH2)(L)Sn containing N,C,N‐pincer ligand (L=[2,6‐(Me2NCH2)2C6H3]) was prepared. The complex was further oxidised to prepare P‐substituted organotin (IV) compounds (Ph2PCH2)(L)SnX2. Finally, P(S)‐substituted N‐coordinated stannylene [(Ph2P(S)CH2](L)Sn containing P atom in the oxidation state +V was also prepared. All these P‐substituted organotins were tested as catalysts for the hydroboration of ketones to see the effect of oxidation numbers of Sn/P atoms. Stannylene (Ph2PCH2)(L)Sn showed remarkable conversions with TOF about 1800 h−1 and is suitable for the reduction of several ketones. The mechanistic studies are also discussed.
Novel organic‐inorganic nanohybrid (Pd‐GO) nanocomposite: Sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and gas storage
Authors: Salih Ban D. , Dadoosh Safaa A. , Sehgal Shankar , Alheety Mustafa A.
Published: April 2024

In this study, nanostructures palladium was synthesized using an ultrasonic wave which is innovative, expeditious, and ecologically benign protocol. In the procedure, ultrasonic probe with 150 W was applied to an aqueous solution of Na2PdCl4 containing sodium citrate for 1 h at room temperature. The as‐prepared palladium nanoparticles were characterized through deployment of XRD, TEM, EDX, and UV‐Vis techniques. Moreover, the study extends to take the benefits from palladium nanoparticles to produce a novel carbon‐based composite using graphene oxide (Pd‐GO) which was characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, and UV‐Vis. The organic‐inorganic nanohybrid (Pd‐GO) was then applied in a systematic investigation aimed at assessing its ability to enhance the hydrogen storage properties of GO as nano‐palladium was incorporated at a ratio of 1 Pd: 100 GO, yielding a significant enhancement (48%) in the storage capabilities of pure GO.
Chemical composition and discrimination with volatile profiles of Yongchuan Xiuya green tea with different baking treatments
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Wang Yi , Chang Rui , Chen Shanmin , Wang Tinghua , Wu Quan , Zhong Yingfu
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to explore the effects of different baking treatments on the quality of Yongchuan Xiuya (YCXY) green tea. It was found that a long time baking at low temperature was beneficial to keep green colour, faint scent, mellow and fresh taste quality, whereas baking under high temperature was adverse to the quality. Baking treatments slightly regulated (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐epicatechin, (−)‐gallocatechin gallate, total chlorophyll and carotenoid. As the baking temperature rose, the content of tea polyphenols, gallic acid, catechins, caffeine, soluble sugar and polyphenols/amino acids ratio obviously decreased. A total of 40 kinds of volatiles were detected in these six tea samples. A model for aroma type discrimination was successfully established based on partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). Ten kinds of volatile substances were the key characteristic markers for the faint scent, chestnut aroma and high‐fired aroma types of YCXY green tea. 1‐hexanol, hotrienol and dimethyl sulfide were furtherly used to discriminant aroma type based on Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA).
Follow‐up for human papillomavirus‐related oropharynx cancer concentrated on unequal symptom change (FOCUS): Prospective patient‐reported outcome collection
Authors: Edwards Donna M. , Gharzai Laila A. , Wang Weilin , Mayo Charles , Suresh Krithika , Schipper Matthew , Evans Joseph R. , Malloy Kelly , Chinn Steven B. , Prince Mark , Spector Matthew , Shuman Andrew , Stucken Chaz , Swiecicki Paul L. , Worden Francis , Jarema Jennifer , Henderson Caitlin , Kovach Amanda , Brenner Chad , Shah Jennifer L. , Mierzwa Michelle L. , Casper Keith
Published: April 2024

Background

Post‐treatment surveillance recommendations for oropharyngeal cancer do not vary with p16 status despite the differences in outcomes. The optimal algorithm personalizing follow‐up for these patients remains undefined. Here, we evaluate the feasibility and utility of incorporating electronic patient‐reported outcomes (ePROs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) into routine surveillance for patients treated for p16+ oropharynx cancer.

Methods

A prospective registry was developed in which ePROs and ctDNA were incorporated into routine surveillance among patients with oropharynx cancer. ePROs were emailed monthly for 1 year and blood HPV ctDNA testing was performed every 3–6 months. The primary objective was to assess patient compliance with ePRO‐based surveillance with adequate compliance defined as ≥85% of patients completing monthly ePROs. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values to detect recurrence were calculated for ePROs, HPV ctDNA, or the combination.

Results

Of 122 patients who initially expressed interest, 76 completed the electronic consent process and 44/76 (58%) were compliant with monthly surveys over 1 year; thus adequate compliance was not achieved. Technical difficulties associated with ePRO receipt through email largely limited participation. Provider feedback was significantly associated with heightened ePRO compliance. One hundred and six patients had ctDNA testing with a mean number of three tests per patient. Sensitivity to detect recurrence was 75% for the combination of ePROs and ctDNA.

Conclusion

Despite lower than anticipated compliance with ePROs, our findings show promise for incorporation of HPV ctDNA into surveillance paradigms for HPV‐related oropharynx cancer with suggestions of methods to optimize ePRO formats for personalized surveillance.