bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzimas fibrolíticas em dietas para ruminantes
Authors: Yânez André Gomes Santana
Published: January 2017

Research has shown that supplementing diets with fibrolytic has significant potential to improve feed utilization and animal performance. Fibrolytic enzymes for ruminants, mainly xylanases and cellulases, are concentrated extracts resulting from bacterial or fungal fermentation with specific enzyme activities. Improvements in animal performance due to the use of enzyme additives can be attributed mainly to improved fiber digestion, resulting in increased caloric intake of digestible. When viewed through a variety of enzyme products and experimental conditions, the response to fibrolytic enzyme for ruminants has been variable. This variation can be attributed to the experimental conditions, as well as the activities and characteristics of enzymes or the supplementation of enzyme activities and the appropriate method of providing the enzyme product for the animal. Though much progress in the advancement of technologies fibrolytic enzymes for ruminants, considerable research is still needed to reduce the variability of responses. With increasing consumer concern about the use of growth promoters and antibiotics in animal production. This paper reviews research on the selection of fibrolytic enzymes, the responses of animals with the use of fibrolytic enzymes and the mechanisms by which these products improve nutrient utilization.
Forrageiras hidropônicas de trigo com ervilhacas
Authors: Osmar Souza dos Santos
Published: January 2017

An experiment was conducted at the Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) – RS, in order to evaluate the production of hydroponic fodder of wheat BRS Tarumã (Triticum aestivum L.) at the densities 2.0 kg m-2, associated with four densities of commom vetch, SS Ametista (Vicia sativa L.) and hairy vetch, SS Esmeralda (Vicia villosa Roth), at doses of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g m-2, during the winter of 2011. The experiment was conducted in a high tunnel with each treatment in an area of 1.0 m-2, using a nutrient solution described by Santos et al. (2004). Evaluations were performed at 16 days after sowing. The highest yield was obtained by wheat without vetches varieties.
The impact of intangible assets on financial and governance policies: a univariate analysis
Authors: Alves Sandra , Martins Júlio
Published: January 2017

This study analyses the impact of the level and the type of the intangible assets on six major financial and governance policies: financial structure, dividend pay-outs, managerial share ownership, external ownership concentration, board of directors’ structure and auditing. These policies directly depend on the interactions between managers, shareholders and debt holders. Using a UK cross-sectional sample (374 firms for the year 2000), the results suggest that the bundles of financial and governance policies differ between levels of overall intangible asset intensity, levels of all intangible assets other than research and development (RD), categories of intangible assets (RD versus non-RD) and levels of stock of RD. Hence, the level and type of intangible assets seem to have significant impact on financial and governance policies. Different levels and/or types of intangible assets seem to require different portfolios of financial and governance policies.
The development of earnings quality in Germany and its implication for further research. A quantitative empirical analysis of German listed companies between 1997 and 2006
Authors: Pronobis Paul , Schwetzler Bernhard , Sperling Marco O. , Zuelch Henning
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the development of earnings quality for a sample of 5,817 firm years during the period between 1997 and 2006 using seven different measures (accounting- and market-based). As a result, overall earnings quality of German firms improves over time. However, the measures of timeliness and value relevance indicate a decreasing earnings quality. These findings are tested by taking firm-specific accounting style into consideration using firm fixed effects.
Corporate governance reform within the UK banking industry and its effect on firm performance
Authors: Okike Elewechi , Turton Andrew
Published: January 2017

Using a corporate governance scorecard (Corp-Gov Score) measuring twenty-six areas of corporate governance best practices in four UK banks, this study examined whether improved levels of corporate governance led to higher levels of firm performance within the UK banking industry over the time period 1999-2006. The twenty-six measures were split into four sub-sector areas of Corp-Gov Score comprising Board of Directors, Remuneration Policies, Auditing Policies, and Transparency/Disclosure Policies. Using both correlation and regression analysis on the information extracted from the Annual Reports, the study provides evidence about the extent to which UK banks have complied with recent corporate governance reforms post Enron. The results indicate that improvements in corporate governance can enhance the performance of UK banks when measuring using Return on Equity. The biggest sub-sector driver of this improvement is in the area of the Board of Directors. Our results further indicate that large boards within UK banks can have a negative impact on firm performance, and that increases in directors’ remuneration does not lead to increased levels of firm performance. Evidence is given that corporate governance within UK banks plays an important role, but how it affects firm performance is open to debate.
Dynamic comparative advantage and industry characteristics as basis for trade in textiles and clothing
Authors: Wadud I.K.M. Mokhtarul , Yasmeen Wahida
Published: January 2017

This paper examines dynamic comparative advantage in textiles and clothing trade and the country specific factors that explain variations of comparative advantage among the trading nations. Comparative advantages are estimated constructing indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using export shares of textiles and clothing industries over 1981-2005. The estimated RCA indices of absolute and relative change show that while comparative advantage in both textiles and clothing is tilted towards the developing economies, a number of developed high income economies possess comparative advantage over extended periods. In the second stage, RCA indices are regressed against some country specific industry characteristics such as capital/labour ratio, wage rate and industry sizes. The estimated models show significant relationship between comparative advantage and the country characteristics. Results of this study provide evidence of changes in the pattern of comparative advantage in textiles and clothing over the decades when multi fibre arrangement (MFA) type trade restrictions were in place. These evidences have implications for the trading nations in the ongoing liberalised trade regimes.
Related lending: evidence of tunneling and propping in China
Authors: Guo Fei , Ma Shiguang
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates tunneling and propping between Chinese listed firms and their relevant parties from 2001 to 2005. Evidence from our research shows that controlling shareholders engage in tunneling and propping through related lending, although tunneling lending exceeds propping lending in both frequency and magnitude. Pyramidal controlling ownership structures increase the level of tunneling lending, while the presence of large, non-controlling shareholders resists tunneling lending. Controlling owners tend to divert fewer funds when firms have better investment opportunities. State ownership was not found to be detrimental to firms, contradicting some previous research. A high debt ratio is likely to be concomitant with tunneling lending. Firms in financial distress have experienced either more tunneling lending or more propping lending with controlling shareholders.
Capital structure and firm performance in the developed financial market
Authors: Rashid Kashif , Islam Sardar M. N.
Published: January 2017

The paper examines the role of debt in affecting the performance/value of a firm (DVF relationship) in the developed financial market. There is no consensus on the DVF relationship in this market. In addition, literature about the DVF relationship in the developed market lacks the interpretation of results by taking into account different business, management and financial theories. The study addresses the gap in the literature by utilizing the panel data of 60 companies for the year 2000 to 2003 from the developed (Australian) financial market. The result of the study suggests that higher debt has a negative relationship with the value of a firm supporting agency theory in this market. The result also supports the second trade off theory and the foundation of developed market as debt in the presence of the dispersed shareholding deteriorates the value of a shareholder. The results relevant to the role of control variables in affecting the value of a firm show that smaller board, liquid market and information efficiency improve the firm’s performance in the developed financial market. The results of the study are of value to both academics and policy makers.
Determinants of executive stock options: Portuguese evidence
Authors: Alves Sandra , Martins Júlio , Ferreira Carlos
Published: January 2017

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of stock options attribution. We hypothesize that the equity held by managers, the ownership concentration, the liquidity constraints, the firm risk and the firm size are related to the firm’s attribution of stock options. Using a sample of 44 companies listed in Euronext Lisbon, we find that only equity held by managers and firm size are related to the firm’s attribution of stock options, documenting a positive relationship for both.
Changes in the volatility level and structure of shares post single stock futures trading
Authors: de Beer Johan
Published: January 2017

The introduction of single stock futures to a market presents the opportunity to assess an individual company’s response to futures trading directly, in contrast to the market-wide impact obtained from index futures studies. The listed shares of thirty-eight South African companies were evaluated in terms of a possible volatility effect due to the initial trading of their respective single stock futures contacts. A GARCH(1,1) model established a volatility structure (pattern of behaviour) per company. Results, in general, showed a reduction in the level and changes in the structure of spot market volatility post single stock futures.
Targeting fixed reinvestment rate with nonlinear mechanism: a “strange” path to financial distress
Authors: Bouali Safieddine
Published: January 2017

Governance arrangement between shareholders, debtholders and managers fix the reinvestment ratio of profits. Residual earnings will appear as excess cash flow to disgorge in dividend disbursements or share repurchases. However, financial crisis stimulates corporation to express highest aversion both to overinvestment or underinvestment, probably in an identical degree. Besides, dissuasion to commit fraud pushes ownership to select a strong dynamical mechanism adjusting held earnings to the preferred reinvestment rate. Focus? Immediate disbursement of free cash flows. This paper shows that self-imposed discipline targeting fixed reinvestment rate under nonlinear adjustment speed can inject itself a “strange” dynamics to the firm, leading to critical losses and a bankruptcy threat. However, one way to reduce this instability is determining carefully the “normal” cash flow which does not trigger the payout.
The effects of internal and external mechanism on governance and performance of corporate firms in Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Musibau Adetunji , Olaniran Olawoye
Published: January 2017

There is a renewed interest on the need to strengthen mechanisms to ensure that managers and directors take measures to protect the interest of a firm’s stakeholders. This study made use of panel data regression analysis between 2002 and 2006 for a sample of 62 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange to examine the relationship between internal and external governance mechanisms and corporate firms’ performance. The results have the implication that regulatory agencies should encourage firms to achieve a reasonable board size since overly large boards may be detrimental to the firm. Our results also show no significant evidence to support the idea that outside directors help promote firm performance. In addition, the study found that the measure of performance matter for analysis of corporate governance studies. We found in some cases different results from the use of Returns on Assets (ROA) and Tobin’s Q as measures of firm performance.
Public contracting and corruption: a microeconomic analysis of managerial behavior
Authors: Lozano Maria Belén , Murillo Maria del Pilar
Published: January 2017

In this work, a first microeconomic approach is developed concerning the role firms play in the public contracting process and the problem of managerial corruption in this context. We thus outline a first analysis of the choices taken by firms when contracting with the public administration, considering the existence of both legal and corrupt contracts and the sustituibility or not of both. We then show a financial model justifying the choice of a contract portfolio based on the uncertainty and risk involved. The conclusions allow us to both offer some performance directives in order to control the phenomenon of corruption, and to understand the persistence of corrupt contracts.
The price and volume effect of initial single stock futures trading
Authors: de Beer Johan
Published: January 2017

The introduction of single stock futures to a market allows for a per company impact-assessment of futures trading activity. Thirty-eight South African companies were evaluated in terms of a possible price and volume effect due to the initial trading of their respective single stock futures contracts. An event study revealed that SSF trading had little impact on the underlying share prices while a normalised volume comparison pre to post SSF trading showed a general increase in spot market trading volumes.
Mandatory rules on financial situation, dividends distribution and fair value accounting in the EU IFRS regulation
Authors: Lolli Andrea
Published: January 2017

The objective of this work is to show that the financial situation of a company and its future evolution are legally relevant when the distribution of dividends are concerned and if the company wants to avoid –as an exception to the general rule- the application of fair value criteria. This I will argue is the case despite the fact that the EU has still not chosen to introduce a solvency test either as an alternative or as an additional system-to legal capital. The going concern principle as stated in Fourth Council Directive 78/660/EEC of 25 July 1978, and the financial information requested as part of the balance sheet by the EU Directive 51/2003, are the legal elements obliging the company to take into consideration the financial situation when the above mentioned decision is taken, in order to avoid liability for a decision which is inconsistent with the financial situation. The financial situation of the company is now particularly relevant for companies choosing to avoid the appliance of fair value criteria to financial instruments, as that choice presumes the ability to wait to sell that instrument on the market and that ability is very much dependent on the financial resources and the financial needs of the company.
Stock market reactions to the Japanese Sarbanes-Oxley act of 2006
Authors: Seino Kosuke , Takeda Fumiko
Published: January 2017

This article investigates stock market reactions to announcements related to the introduction of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law or the so-called Japanese Sarbanes-Oxley Act (J-SOX), which was enacted to reinforce corporate accountability and responsibility. We find that the announcements leading to the passage of the J-SOX raised stock prices of firms listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Another finding is that firms with a high ratio of foreign shareholders or leverage experienced more positive stock price reactions. By contrast, whether the firm was audited by Big 4 audit firms did not seem to matter to investors. In addition, large firms tended to have more negative stock price reactions than small firms.
Corporate governance and firm valuation – the case of China
Authors: Paskelian Ohannes George , Bell Stephen
Published: January 2017

We examine the determinants and implications of Chinese corporate cash holdings in the 1993- 2006 period. Agency theories assert that firms with a large controlling shareholder have relatively large cash holdings because of the greater ability of the controlling shareholder to extract private benefits from the cash holdings. Our findings show a very strong inverse relationship between cash holdings and firm valuation in high government ownership firms. Also, we find that in firms with high government ownership, dividend payouts are highly valued. We conclude that Chinese investors see government ownership as a factor that reduces firm value. They prefer relatively higher dividends from firms having high government ownership. Conversely, investors assign much higher value to firms with relatively low government ownership and they tend to be neutral about the dividends payouts of such firms. Also, investors value highly the presence of foreign investors in Chinese firms and tend to be neutral about dividend payouts of firms with high foreign ownership concentration.
Evidence that stock options work for CEOS – but not for incentive reasons
Authors: Rosser Bruce A. , Canil Jean M.
Published: January 2017

We document the first evidence of a structure of timing returns, award discounts/premia and CEO dilution costs relative to shareholders set at award and before the CEO invests marginal effort. All three factors affect CEOs’ effective exercise price and hence incentive to expend marginal effort. Exercised options, which exhibit the highest CEO and shareholder returns, are characterized by CEO acceptance of high dilution cost and high sensitivity to award premiums. CEO and shareholder returns for lapsed options and annual/biannual awards show high dependency on the dilution cost factor. Irregular awards are characterized by active pre-effort positioning by shareholders to reduce CEO opportunism.
Internal audit quality, audit committee independence, growth opportunities and firm performance
Authors: Hutchinson Marion , Zain Mazlina Mat
Published: January 2017

This study explores whether the relation between internal audit quality and firm performance is associated with firm characteristics of information asymmetry and uncertainty (growth opportunities) and certain governance controls (audit committee effectiveness). The results from this preliminary study of 60 Malaysian companies show that the association between internal audit quality and firm performance is stronger for firms with high growth opportunities and that this positive association is weakened by increasing audit committee independence. These findings demonstrate the internal auditors conflicting roles and question the governance recommendations that require all members of the audit committee to be non-executive directors.
Managerial ownership, capital structure and firm value
Authors: Ruan Wenjuan , Tian Gary Gang , Ma Shiguang
Published: January 2017

This paper extends prior research to examine the managerial ownership influences on firm performance through the choices of capital structures by using a new sample of S&P 500 firm in 2005. The empirical results of OLS regressions replicate the nonlinear relationship between managerial ownership and firm value. However, we found that the turning points had moved up in our sample compared with previous papers, which implies that the managerial control for pursuing self-interest, and the alignment of interests between managers and other shareholders can only be achieved now by management holding more ownership in a firm than that found in the previous studies. Managerial ownership also drives the capital structure as a nonlinear shape, but with a direction opposite to the shape of firm value. The results of simultaneous regressions suggest that managerial ownership affects capital structure, which in turn affects firm value. Capital structure is endogenously determined by both firm value and managerial ownership; while managerial ownership is not endogenously determined by the other two variables.
The non-linear effects of ownership structure on corporate performance: evidence from emerging market
Authors: Zeitun Rami
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the non-linear effects of ownership structure (variables) on corporate performance. The data used in this study are derived from 167 publicly traded companies quoted on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), over the period 1989-2006. The ownership structure is measured by the percentage of shares held by each type of owner (state, institution, foreign concentrated owners, and individuals). Results in this study confirm earlier findings of a curvilinear relationship reported for larger markets. The results also show that the relationship between government ownership and ROA and MBVR is a hump-shaped curve. The value of a firm increases when government ownership is low, but the value of a firm decreases when it is high. As the government reduces its stake in a privatised company to below a specific point, perhaps market monitoring become ineffective and this increases the agency costs. The results also document that the relation between institutional ownership and ROA and Tobin’s Q is a hump-shaped curve. When institutional ownership increases above a specific point, institutional shareholders negatively influence a firm’s activities. Findings in this study contribute to the growing body of international evidence that the non-linear cubic relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance is robust to differences in governance structures across markets.
Mergers decision in Japanese small mutual banks: efficiency improvement or empire buildings?
Authors: Yamori Nobuyoshi , Harimaya Kozo
Published: January 2017

With the number of bank consolidations increasing around the world since the 1990s, several studies have examined what factors drive banks to consolidate, and some argue that bank managers who have a motive of empire buildings choose mergers. In this study, we deal with mergers among Japanese small mutual banks (credit associations or Shinkin banks) during the period 1996 to 2005. Japanese credit associations have been experiencing an unprecedented wave of consolidation, with their number decreasing from 410 (March 1996) to 292 (April 2006). Interestingly, unlike stock companies, mutual companies are often expected to be weak in terms of disciplining managers. If so, mutual banks tend to choose inefficient mergers at the expense of other stakeholders. Here, we use the stochastic frontier approach (SFA) to obtain “cost efficiency” proxy. We find that while the efficiency of acquiring credit associations decreases during the merger period, mergers do ultimately improve efficiency. Based on our results we find that raising efficiency, not for building empires, is an important goal for such credit association mergers.
Share types and earnings management: Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Li Yongqing , Liu Jinghui , Eddie Ian
Published: January 2017

This study contributes to the literature on the ownership structure by investigating the effect of special share types on the practice of earnings management in China. Equity ownership in listed Chinese companies have five different types: state-owned shares, legal person shares, employee shares, A-shares, and B- & H-shares, which is a phenomenon unique to the Chinese equity market. Empirical analysis shows that different share types and mixed ownership structure significantly affects the company’s earnings management. Using a sample of 544 listed Chinese company-years, this study finds that the state-owned shares and legal person shares are positively associated with earnings management. However, the proportion of B- & H-shares is not related to earnings management. In addition, empirical results also show evidence in support of a positive relationship between the proportion of A-shares and earnings management. These findings indicate that transferral of more state-owned shares and legal person shares to the public can mitigate earnings management. However, because currently in China shares are still largely owned by the state or legal persons, the magnitude of earnings management may be maintained at a high level. In addition, due to tradable A-shares has a positive relation with earnings management, holding a large proportion of A-shares still cannot effectively constrain earnings manipulation, which suggests that China’s ownership structure reform may not be highly successful as China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) expected. In achieving a better corporate governance practice, further structure reform is essential
The effect of governance characteristics on information content of discretionary accruals: A comparative study between France and the USA
Authors: Dhahbi Afef , Abbes Ben
Published: January 2017

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between strong governance structure and the information content of discretionary accruals in countries, which present differences in their legal system (USA and France). To approach the concept of corporate governance this recovers several dimensions: the board of directors, its committees, and ownership structure we used the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The findings indicate that the association between stock return and discretionary accruals is greater for firms having a good corporate governance structure independently of the context of study. Further, discretionary accruals of firms having good corporate governance have a greater association with future profitability future only for American context.
Corporate governance, role of the best practice codes and protection of minority shareholders in Italy
Authors: Sancetta Giuseppe , Gennaro Alessandro
Published: January 2017

The aim of the paper is analysing the relationship between governance systems and safeguard of minority shareholders in Italy. We believe that an appropriate governance system can favour a fair distribution of value to shareholders of listed companies regardless of the size of the share held. We studied the tender offers made in Italy in the period 2000-2009 to calculate the relationship between the compliance of governance systems with best practices and size of majority premiums paid in take-over transactions, measured through offer prospectuses. The empirical research shows a negative association between the mentioned variables. So this seems to suggest that the compliance with best practice codes can influence the majority premiums in tender offers and protect minority shareholders
Concentrated family ownership structures weakening corporate governance: A developing country story
Authors: Rusmin Rusmin , Tower Greg , Achmad Tarmizi , Neilson John
Published: January 2017

This research project examines the effect of ownership structures on corporate governance. Detailed analysis allowed for the identification of the ultimate owner by carefully tracing the chain of ownership. Our findings show that 65.14% of Indonesian firms are controlled by the owners who have a majority ownership and that 66.45% of firms are owned by an individual or group of family members. These ownership structures are more inhibited than most other countries (Claessens et al. 2000). Yet, the percentage of independent commissioners is only 37.09%. A majority of independent commissioner members remains a rare event in Indonesia. Multiple regression analysis reveals that both ownership type and identity are moderately (with p-values of 0.075 and 0.017 respectively) significant predictors for commissioner independence. Ownership structures in Indonesia do influence the level of commissioner independence. This Indonesian pattern is a somewhat extreme but not uncommon scenario in Asian financial markets. Western solutions may not be applicable or effective. New rules and regulations may be needed to provide more protection of the smaller investors
Preparedness of banks to be compliant with the criteria for the advanced measurement approach: A South African perspective
Authors: Young Jacobus
Published: January 2017

The New Basel Accord proposed qualitative and quantitative criteria for banks to use the Advanced Measurement Approach to calculate a capital charge for operational risk. The question now is how prepared are banks in South Africa? This article provides insight into relevant criteria, indicating the level of preparedness of banks for the Advanced Measurement Approach. An analysis based on results of a questionnaire, aimed at junior and middle management levels, indicated that banks are more compliant with qualitative than quantitative criteria. It also indicated a general lack of understanding of certain criteria. Should a bank want to implement the Advanced Measurement Approach, it is imperative that criteria be clear and that all role-players be knowledgeable about relevant systems and processes.
Corporate governance reforms in banks: Lessons from Nigeria?
Authors: Offor Emeka
Published: January 2017

In Sub-Saharan Africa, and indeed in most emerging economies, national governments have in one way or the other (in varying degrees) intervened in the running of corporations. These interventions (usually referred to as reforms) have been eliciting discourses on whether Governments should show interest, be involved in the running of corporations, and also on the effectiveness of those interventions. This paper reviews the subject of this discourse with base reference on banking reforms initiated by various administrations in Nigeria over the decades, articulates lessons from the reforms, raises questions for further research and argues that corporations and markets should be self regulated. National governments should provide operational guidelines, enabling framework and put in place a sustainable mechanism for monitoring, and intervene only when the need arises. The paper also calls for the development of new governance architecture for banks and corporations in order to address emerging corporate governance realities.
La innovación tecnológica como herramienta para el desarrollo de la competitividad en las pymes / Technological innovation as a tool for the development of competitiveness in smes
Authors: Moreno Loera Héctor
Published: January 2017

Las compañías pequeñas responden de manera más cercana a las demandas del mercado, en comparación con las grandes compañías; por lo que estas compañías pequeñas disfrutan de un ventaja competitiva relacionada a una burocracia más pequeña; eficiente, algunas veces informal, sistemas de información internos, y una flexibilidad y adaptabilidad a través de la cercanía con el mercado. En contraste, las pequeñas compañías presentan una serie de limitaciones por la falta de: trabajadores técnicamente calificados, uso pobre de la información externa y experiencia; dificultad en la atracción de financiamientos y seguridad financiera, relacionado todo esto con la poca capacidad para tomar riesgos en inversiones; inusual administración desde el inicio del negocio; y un alto costo para operar dentro del margen regulatorio. En esencia, la ventaja de las pequeñas compañías se ve reflejada en su comportamiento fundamentalmente, con lo cual puede generar innovaciones.
Diseño de un modelo de cambio organizacional en dos cementeras de Chihuahua / Design of an organizational change-model in two cement plants of Chihuahua
Authors: Martinez Ramos Pedro Javier , Holguín Aguilar José Humberto , Reyes López Jose Gerardo
Published: January 2017

Los casos de las plantas cementeras del Grupo Cementos de Chihuahua (GCC) de Chihuahua y Samalayuca son ejemplos de organizaciones de manufactura mexicanas que han logrado desarrollar capacidades para ser y mantenerse competitivas en un entorno de globalización y cambio constante. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue proponer un modelo de transformación hacia una organización de alto desempeño, e identificar en este los factores clave causales del cambio cultural. El método se basó en una encuesta que mide las características conductuales de una organización de alto desempeño (OAD) a una muestra aleatoria de 113 empleados y 30 entrevistas. Las variables de interés fueron cultura de AD y desempeño organizacional. Los resultados mostraron que el modelo propuesto está positivamente relacionado con el desempeño organizacional y que el factor determinante para ello es la institucionalización del liderazgo, lo que permitió comprobar las hipótesis planteadas
Los errores en la valuación del activo fijo en los registros contables, propicia adeudos fiscales para los empresarios / Errors in the valuation of the asset in the accounting records, favors tax debts for entrepreneurs
Authors: Chávez Chávez José Luis
Published: January 2017

Con el presente trabajo se trata de crear conciencia tanto en empresarios como en contadores públicos a fin de que no alteren los activos de una empresa al tratar de pagar menos impuestos. Muchas veces son los mismos empresarios los que convencen a los contadores de mostrar cantidades inferiores a las que verdaderamente adquieren; dicha situación al ser demostrada por una autoridad fiscal bajo sus facultades de comprobación trae consigo consecuencias muy severas, desde la aplicación de un crédito fiscal para el contribuyente directo, hasta incluso responsabilidad solidaria para el contador o, peor aún, que se configure un delito fiscal.Por eso en este trabajo se proponen mecanismos benéficos para las empresas sin que estas tengan que omitir sus ingresos; por el contrario, si declaran sus percepciones evitarán problemas futuros con la autoridad fiscal.
Microcréditos en hogares de hasta tres deciles / Microloans in households of up to three deciles
Authors: Vicente Pinacho Aurea Judith
Published: January 2017

En México el crecimiento de la población en pobreza pasó de 53.3 millones de mexicanos en 2012 a 55.3 millones en 2014, lo que representa 46.2% del total nacional, (CONEVAL, 2014) los datos reflejan la realidad económica del país, y con esos resultados muchas instituciones buscan establecer estrategias para mejorar las condiciones de estas personas, ya que tienen muchas situaciones especiales: el grado de educación es muy bajo, están en comunidades alejadas, no tienen servicios públicos o son deficientes, no tienen acceso a un empleo formal por falta de instrucción o porque no hay entidades económicas que puedan emplearlos, sin embargo y ante este escenario tan deplorable, sucede lo extraordinario la población sobrevive algunos de ellos afortunadamente llegan a tener movilidad social se insertan en la economía y su nivel de vida cambia lo cual es extraordinario, sin embargo para el resto la falta de dinero para atender sus necesidades básicas es una constante, en el presente trabajo se muestra el efecto del crédito en  hogares que acceden a este en mejorar su calidad de vida,  y con ello se determina si el  destino del  microcrédito  ejercido mejora  las condiciones de vida de  la población en estudio  en la comunidad de Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, México.
Prestadores de Servicios de apoyo a la exportación en la Comarca Lagunera / Providers of export support in the Comarca Lagunera
Authors: Sandoval Chávez Rebeca
Published: January 2017

El impacto global de la optimización de la logística en el incremento de la competitividad y desarrollo nacional es plenamente reconocido (Duhamel, Durán, y A., 2015). Este impacto también es considerado en estudios internacionales que miden la correlación entre la competitividad y el estado de desarrollo de la infraestructura logística. Sin embargo, con el propósito de que las ventajas de esta optimización se materialicen en la práctica, es necesario adoptar una visión más detallada de los procesos implicados.Por ello, la presente investigación se centra en hacer un recuento de los prestadores de servicios de tipo logístico y de otros que apoyan la ejecución de una importación y/o exportación.El estudio se centra en la Comarca Lagunera en virtud de que en ella se está generando el proyecto de Zona de Conectividad, donde los prestadores de servicio son pieza fundamental para el plan estratégico de puerto seco.Dentro de los principales resultados que se obtuvieron se detecta que en la Comarca Lagunera, solo 6 (33) de las instituciones financieras instaladas brindan servicio de apoyo a la importación y /o exportación. Asimismo, se identificaron 9 distintos agentes de apoyo a la importación y/o exportación con 405 ubicaciones distintas, entre los cuales sobresalen un recinto fiscalizado ya autorizado próximo a iniciar operaciones, 2 agencias aduanales, 211 líneas de transporte de carga y solo 6 agentes aduanales.Ante los cambios políticos, económicos y sociales en el mundo, es de gran importancia aprovechar los beneficios que ofrece el servicio logístico en la Comarca Lagunera, los cuales con una adecuada planificación, organización y control de un conjunto de actividades, facilitan el flujo de materiales, herramientas o cualquier otra cosa que la empresa fabrique, importe o exporte. Esto proporciona una mayor funcionalidad logística que  beneficia directamente a todas las actividades productivas de la Comarca Lagunera.Cabe destacar que actualmente se está trabajando en la formulación de unos directores de prestadores de servicio, así como en una segunda parte de la investigación en donde se está evaluando si los servicios son suficientes a juicio de los exportadores e importadores.
Posicionamiento de pan artesanal en jóvenes de una comunidad rural / Positioning of Artisan Bread in young people in a rural community
Authors: Espinosa Espíndola Mónica Teresa , Maceda Méndez Adolfo , Paz Calderón Yannet
Published: January 2017

Esta investigación pretende contribuir al impulso de las microempresas agroindustriales productoras de pan artesanal, cuyo valor cultural reside en que forma parte de las costumbres y tradiciones de las comunidades donde se elabora. Para ello se analizaron las preferencias del pan artesanal entre los jóvenes de una comunidad del estado de Oaxaca con el uso de una metodología mixta; asimismo se analizaron las correspondencias existentes con el programa SPSS para poder determinar si los jóvenes perciben notables diferencias entre los distintos tipos de pan disponibles en su localidad, y para identificar cuáles son los factores más relevantes en su decisión de compra.Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes toman en cuenta aspectos relacionados con la facilidad para adquirir el pan o con su valor nutricional, y que la mayoría no percibe una diferencia clara entre el pan artesanal de su comunidad y otros tipos de pan elaborado por comunidades vecinas. En conclusión, se recomienda que las empresas productoras de pan artesanal desarrollen estrategias para diferenciarse de sus competidores, por ejemplo, resaltar las cualidades del producto y también su valor cultural. Con ello se podrá cambiar la percepción que tienen los jóvenes sobre su comunidad, incrementar las ventas y preservar las costumbres y tradiciones locales.
La producción intelectual: innovación y tecnología / Intellectual production: innovation and technology
Authors: Cervantes Benavides Laura Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

La producción intelectual es una habilidad cognoscitiva que poco se ha explorado, para conocer su naturaleza y enseñarla. Como cualquier habilidad que se puede desarrollar, la habilidad intelectual para generar nuevo conocimiento, el nuevo producto una vez que se aplica y transfiere, permitirá la innovación y la creación de tecnología.
La creatividad y el capital intelectual
Authors: Cervantes Benavides Laura Elizabeth
Published: January 2017

La creatividad tiene una relación directa con el capital intelectual, todas las personas lo poseen, pero se piensa que sólo los que han adquirido una educación formal y han alcanzado una especialización, son capaces de aplicarlo para desarrollar productos teóricos: conceptos, nuevas teorías, nuevo conocimiento, procedimientos, etc., productos tecnológicos: máquinas, aparatos, nuevos materiales, innovaciones, etc., la creatividad es un componente cognoscitivo esencial del pensamiento, se puede enseñar con técnicas, y el resultado se puede utilizar en la vida cotidiana.
Modelo de simulación dinámico: la Infraestructura y el desarrollo regional / Dynamic simulation model: Infrastructure and regional development
Authors: Jiménez Nieto Yara Anahí , Rodríguez Parada Adolfo , Rodríguez Parada Adolfo , García Cano José Raymundo , García Cano José Raymundo , Mancilla Gómez Martín , Mancilla Gómez Martín
Published: January 2017

La infraestructura es uno de los principales detonantes base del desarrollo económico de un país o región que requieren ser creados a través de diversos mecanismos de gran inversión. (Moljevic, 2016; Anderson y Anderson, 2016; Porter, 2000; Demurger 2001;  Röller y Waverman 2001). Generar una estrategia para el desarrollo de infraestructura que impulse la competitividad, es una tarea compleja; ya que los resultados son a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, esta investigación empleó la metodología de dinámica de sistemas (Forrester 1961; Sterman 2000), bajo un enfoque cualitativo con base al análisis de datos de los indicadores del Índice de Competitividad Global. Además, se presenta el desarrollo de un modelo de simulación dinámico, que apoya a los tomadores de decisiones a probar bajo diferentes escenarios la efectividad de políticas estratégicas referentes al impacto de la infraestructura en el desarrollo de una región para impulsar su competitividad.
Transformación e innovación organizacional en la pequeña y mediana empresa - el estrés, cambio, una propuesta para desarrollar capacidades dinámicas
Authors: Salazar Cantón Jorge R. , Barredo Baqueiro Gustavo , Sabido Dominguez Teresa
Published: January 2017

La globalización, la competitividad, han traído avances en la ciencia y en la tecnología, que impactan a las personas y por tanto a las organizaciones, lo cual dificulta la capacidad de las personas para adaptarse de una manera adecuada y efectiva a los cambios vertiginosos que provocan dichos eventos. Lo anterior provoca por tanto tensiones en las personas y por tanto afecta el comportamiento humano, lo cual orienta el interés de identificar, recopilar, reflexionar y por tanto proponer herramientas y/o instrumentos y/o metodologías que ayudar a mejorar y/o adquirir mejores competencias en las personas y por ende a las pequeñas y medianas empresas donde laboran. Asimismo, contar con mejores prácticas que permitan adaptarse a los cambios que el entorno exige. El presente trabajo versará sobre el proyecto de intervención realizado en una organización comercial mexicanos, con la participación de cuatro equipos conformados por ejecutivos y personal  en los procesos clave, con la finalidad de impulsar y promover una manera distinta de resolver problemas, mediante un proyecto de investigación-acción, con estudio de casos. El proyecto está dividido en varias etapas anuales (dos años), y se ha empleado adicionalmente como estrategia para abordar este tema (cambio, estrés y desarrollo de capacidades organizacionales). Se propone una metodología europea adaptada al entorno mexicano, denominada “3-P” propuesta por sus autores Klaus North, Peter Freidrich y Maja Bernhardt, la cual fue desarrollada con éxito en Europa, con el propósito de desarrollar capacidades dinámicas en las organizaciones.
Aplicación de un modelo de calidad en los servicios hospitalarios
Authors: Alonso Novelo Valentín , Salazar Cantón Jorge R. , Barrera Ramírez Luis
Published: January 2017

Los servicios hospitalarios son de vital importancia en la vida cotidiana de la sociedad y nadie está exento a recurrir algún día a ellos. Por esta razón, lo ideal sería hacer eficientes los procesos en la gestión hospitalaria para con ello maximizar la satisfacción de los clientes, tanto internos como externos.La inquietud para trabajar sobre este tema se da a partir de que uno de los autores tiene que acercarse a los servicios hospitalarios públicos debido a una lesión física. Es entonces cuando se puedo percibir que lo escuchado muchas veces en la calle o en la televisión, acerca de los malos tratos y procesos lentos y deficientes dentro del sector salud, no son simples leyendas, sino que en realidad son hechos cotidianos que parecen nunca desaparecer.El observar como miles de personas acuden diariamente desde diversos rincones de la entidad para tratarse un problema de salud y que tienen que pasar por muchos trámites burocráticos antes de que se les ayude fue la principal motivación para escribir este trabajo.
Aberraciones cromosómicas en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel. Anillos de los cromosomas 13 y 18 / Chromosome abnormality in a pediatric tertiary hospital. Ring Chromosomes 13 and 18
Authors: Aparicio Rodríguez Juan Manuel
Published: January 2017

La alteración autosómica debido a la formación de un anillo, es una aberración rara de cualquier cromosoma 13 y 18 que está relacionada con las malformaciones fenotípicas, problemas neurológicos y anormalidades genitales. Se presenta el caso clínico de polimalformado con cráneo treboliformedismorfias con convulsiones tempranas y malformaciones genitales con micropene. Entre las alteraciones cromosómicos, el anillo de herencia autosómica del cromosoma 13 y 18 no son frecuentes, las alteraciones fenotipicas en este estudio son en relación a las malformaciones craneofaciales, genitales y neurológicas.
Representaciones sociales de los métodos anticonceptivos
Authors: Beltrán Montenegro María del Carmen , Garay Núñez Jesús Roberto
Published: January 2017

En México, 64 % de las mujeres en edad reproductiva de 15 a 19 años con vida sexual activa, no usan métodos anticonceptivos. Seis de cada diez adolescentes que regularon su fecundidad recurren a los métodos del ritmo y retiro. Asimismo, 34 % de los adolescentes ha utilizado un método anticonceptivo durante la primera relación sexual. Los índices de mortalidad materna en mujeres de 15 a 19 años de edad son el doble de los correspondientes a las mujeres de 20 a 29 años. Por ello es de suma importancia conocer las representaciones sociales de los métodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes de una universidad pública, de la ciudad de Culiacán, Sinaloa, para determinar el núcleo central de la representación y establecer estrategias innovadoras de educación sexual y reproductiva y así prevenir embarazos no deseados y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. La metodología utilizada fue el paradigma cualitativo interpretativo de orientación procesual.
Una primera mirada de la sociedad jalisciense sobre la innovación social / A first look of the Jalisco society on social innovation
Authors: Calderón García Rocío
Published: January 2017

En el presente artículo se presenta un avance parcial del proyecto sobre la percepción de los jaliscienses sobre la innovación social, llevada a cabo en el primer semestre del 2016 con el objetivo de conocer la opinión que los jaliscienses tienen sobre la innovación, la creatividad, sus principales barreras, las áreas de oportunidad, así como los principales incentivos a través de políticas sociales, que nos permitan generar espacios para enfrentar retos sociales, ambientales, políticos y económicos en Jalisco, México, reconociendo que la innovación social permite la generación de nuevas ideas (productos, servicios y modelos) que simultáneamente satisface necesidades sociales y crean nuevas relaciones de colaboración.