bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy mechanisms and types of participation in the implementation of the Brazilian pay-for-performance programme PMAQ
Authors: Coelho Germano Araujo , Saddi Fabiana da Cunha , Peckham Stephen , Silva Mariana de Andrade da , Silva Jaqueline Damasceno , Barretos Maria Luiza Pereira , Rocha Gabriela , Novais Alexandra , Lemos Cristiane Lopes Simão , Cohn Amélia
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The study compares how distinct mechanisms that connect pre-established policy objectives to professionals' practices, and the health policy implementation context influenced different approaches to frontline staff participation. The authors analysed 26 teams in six cities from two Brazilian states, during the last cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ).

Design/methodology/approach

About 172 in-depth interviews were conducted with frontliners – community health workers (78), nurses (37), doctors (30) – and managers (27). Interview guides were based on key issues identified in the implementation and pay-for-performance (P4P) literature. Drawing on thematic analysis and synthesis of the literature, three types of participation mechanisms were identified: relational, motivational and incremental learning. They were analysed considering distinct contexts at the local level to understand how they influenced different forms of participation: mere adherence, result-oriented and transformative.

Findings

Administrations with stronger institutional organizational structures were able to control work processes and reduce professional discretion. However, sustained participation was more likely where there was greater integration between management and frontline health care teams. Motivation based only on financial incentives could not bring about transformative participation. This depended on the degree of professional's ideational motivation towards primary care. Finally, contexts with unfavourable working conditions tend to demotivate professionals, but incremental learning helps teams cope with these obstacles.

Originality/value

The study overcomes gaps in the literature in relation to PMAQ's implementation process. Overall, the study delves into which/how mechanisms alter frontliners participation in performance-oriented health programs.
The alignment of corporate real estate strategy with corporate strategy: experiences from selected higher education institutions in Ghana
Authors: Gadafi Ahmed , Tudzi Eric Paul , Alhassan Tahiru
Published: October 2023

Purpose

The study aims to examine the relationship between corporate real estate (CRE) strategy and corporate strategy (CS) in selected universities in Ghana. It focused on the availability, usage, alignment and effects of CRE strategy on CS in universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a qualitative research design, using purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Interviews were used to collect data from estate departments of selected Ghanaian higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kumasi.

Findings

All the selected HEIs purported to have CRE strategies, but they lacked a holistic approach. They were essentially just maintenance policies developed based on their CSs to support the institutions in their service delivery. All CRE management decisions were aligned with the CRE strategy.

Originality/value

The study highlights the importance of aligning CRE strategies with CSs in HEIs in developing countries to enhance academic environments.
Examining consumers' continuance and sharing intention toward food delivery apps
Authors: Goyal Sandeep , Chauhan Sumedha , Gajpal Yuvraj , Bhardwaj Amit Kumar
Published: October 2023

Purpose

A food delivery app (FDA) is a technological advancement connecting restaurants and consumers, making it possible to deliver food home conveniently. The current study seeks to identify the factors affecting consumers' continuance intention and sharing intention toward the FDA in the USA and Canada using an integrated framework built using trust transfer theory and a variety of constructs.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data/inputs from 476 respondents in the USA and Canada who had used FDAs in the past and analyzed them using the structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

The results indicate that trust in FDA, trust in the user community and commitment affect continuance intention and sharing intention. Interestingly, trust in the seller does not influence commitment, continuance intention and sharing intention. Additionally, the trust disposition and reputation of the FDA play an important role in building trust in FDA.

Research limitations/implications

The present study combines the trust transfer theory with various important constructs such as commitment, trust disposition and reputation of the FDA to build an integrated framework to elucidate the continuance intention and sharing intention toward FDAs.

Practical implications

This study facilitates the FDA providers to understand how trust disposition, the reputation of the FDA and trust in the Internet build trust among FDA consumers. The study also helps them to fine-tune their trust-building strategy by considering several trust targets. It further enables them to appreciate how commitment results in continuance intention and sharing intention toward FDA.

Originality/value

It is an original study investigating the role of various constructs and trust transfer theory in shaping the consumers' continuance intention and sharing intention toward the FDA.
Mortgage market, wages and homeownership
Authors: Lisi Gaetano
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study deals with the main issues concerning the interplay between homeownership and labour market outcomes, namely (1) the relation between homeownership and labour market outcomes, at both the individual level and the aggregate level, and (2) the relation between homeownership and human capital.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is both theoretical and empirical. A search and matching model of the labour market is developed to explain the strong relation between mortgage markets and wages. A regional panel analysis in Italy is used to verify the interplay between homeownership and wages.

Findings

Homeownership is not, by itself, a condition for receiving higher wages, but rather higher wages increase the probability to become a homeowner, since they positively affect the probability of acquiring a mortgage from the bank. Eventually, wages cause homeownership, but the reverse may not be true.

Research limitations/implications

The paper focuses on the labour market, while the housing market model is restricted to the mortgage market.

Practical implications

The positive effect of homeownership on wages is hard to theoretically formalise and is not empirically proven. Before investigating a (potential) bidirectional relationship between homeownership and labour market outcomes, therefore, the related literature should assume a new theoretical link between homeowners and wages.

Social implications

The result that “homeownership is not, by itself, a condition for receiving higher wages” has positive implications for human and social development. If homeownership could lead to better labour market outcomes, indeed, socio-economic inequalities would increase in the society, because homeownership would be the starting point of a “lucky” circle that increases the well-being of people who are already wealthy.

Originality/value

First, this study clearly explains why the microeconomic result that homeowners are more likely to be employed than tenants is consistent – at the aggregate level – with a negative relation between homeownership and better labour market outcomes. Second, the related literature has largely ignored the social implications of the topic. A potential bidirectional relation between homeownership and (better) labour market outcomes, indeed, could imply an increase in the well-being of people who are already wealthy.
The announcement effect of shipping sale-and-leaseback transactions
Authors: Yoon Sangho , Kim Chi Yeol
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This paper investigates the announcement effect of shipping sale-and-leaseback (SLB) transactions. As an emerging source of financing, a growing deal of interest has been paid to the SLB. However, little is known about a variety of aspects of SLB transactions in the shipping industry. In this regard, this study examines the stock market reaction to the SLB announcements of shipping firms and their impact on shareholders' wealth.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 15 shipping SLB deals commenced by publicly listed Korean shipping companies during 2009–2023 are examined in this research. The announcement effect is measured by abnormal returns (AR) of their stocks based on the event study analysis.

Findings

It is found that the AR on the shipping SLB announcement date is, on average, −0.84% while there is no statistical significance. However, the results indicate that shareholders of shipping companies engaging in large-sized SLBs can experience positive AR around the announcement date.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt to investigate the announcement effect of SLB transactions on the shipping industry and their impact on shareholders' wealth. The findings in this research can offer implications for the financing decisions of shipping companies and investment decisions of stock investors.
Dyeing of silk with extract from Coreopsis tinctoria
Authors: Wu Junling , Sun Longfei , Lin Long
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to dye silk with natural pigments extract of Coreopsis tinctoria, by treating the fabrics with appropriate mordant under suitable dyeing conditions, to achieve good dyeing depth, fastness and ultraviolet (UV) protection.

Design/methodology/approach

Firstly, single factor experiments were used to determine the basic dyeing conditions of Coreopsis tinctoria. The optimal process conditions for direct dyeing were determined through orthogonal experiments. After that, the dyeing with mordant was used. Based on the previously determined optimal process conditions, silk fabrics were dyed with different mordanting methods, with different mordants and mordant dosages. The dyeing results were compared, in terms of the K/S values of the dyed fabrics, to determine the most appropriate dyeing conditions with mordant.

Findings

The extract of Coreopsis tinctoria can dye silk fabrics satisfactorily. Good dyeing depth and fastness can be obtained by using suitable dyeing methods and dyeing conditions, especially when using the natural mordant pomegranate rind and the rare earth mordant neodymium oxide. The silk fabrics dyed with Coreopsis tinctoria have good UV resistance, which allows a desirable finishing effect to be achieved while dyeing, using a safe and environmentally friendly method.

Research limitations/implications

The composition of Coreopsis tinctoria is complex, and the specific composition of colouring the silk fibre has not been determined. There are many factors that affect the dyeing experiment, which have an impact on the experimental results.

Practical implications

The results of this study may help expand the application of Coreopsis tinctoria beyond medicine.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first report on dyeing silk with the extract of Coreopsis tinctoria achieving good dyeing results. Its depth of staining and staining fastness were satisfactory. Optimum dyeing method and dyeing conditions have been identified. The fabric dyed with Coreopsis tinctoria has good UV protection effect, which is conducive to improving the application value of the dyeing fabric. The findings help offer a new direction for the application of medicinal plants in the eco-friendly dyeing of silk.
The mindset of recordkeeping: the intersection of records management and organizational psychology
Authors: Pryor Hannah N.
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aims to synthesize records and information management (RIM) with the professional literature of industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology to explain undesirable recordkeeping behaviors that may manifest in employees who interact with business records.

Design/methodology/approach

The author’s views are based on a literature review of both records management and organizational psychology trends and draw on case studies that identify undesirable recordkeeping behavior.

Findings

There is considerable overlap between the problems encountered by RIM professionals and the answers offered by I/O psychology. I/O psychology offers us the tools to better understand recordkeeping behaviors.

Originality/value

The author proposes using I/O psychology concepts to better situate RIM programs within the larger organizational context.
Corporate governance at Pinterest: time for more changes?
Authors: Shea-Van Fossen Rita J. , Stickney Lisa T. , Rovenpor Janet
Published: October 2023

Research methodology

Data for the case came from public sources, including legal proceedings, court filings, company press releases and Securities and Exchange Commission filings.

Case overview/synopsis

In June 2020, former Pinterest employees made public charges of gender and racial discrimination. Despite changes implemented by the company, several Pinterest shareholders filed derivative lawsuits charging the company with breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, abuse of control and violating federal securities laws. The case provides an overview of the company’s management, board and stock structures, as well as information on the shareholders who sued the company and their concerns. The case raises substantial questions about management’s and board member’s responsibilities in corporate governance, illustrates how stock structures can be used to impede governance and suggests ways to evaluate activist shareholders.

Complexity academic level

This case is appropriate for graduate, advanced undergraduate or executive education courses in strategy, corporate governance or strategic human resources that discuss corporate governance, fiduciary responsibilities, designing workplace culture or management responses to shareholders. Instructors can apply two sets of theories and frameworks to this case: theories of corporate governance and Hirschman’s (1970) exit, voice or loyalty framework in the context of shareholder activism.
Do more children lead to greater blessings? Birth quantity and household economic risk in China
Authors: Zhang Ji , Xiong Wenjun , Sun Yanmei
Published: October 2023

Does the number of births in a family decrease a household's economic risk? We find that in a distribution of households by children's age stages, the economic risk of households in the middle (16–22 years) and late stages (23–38 years) appears to be more significantly affected by the dual nature of children as consumable goods and investment assets than does the risk of households in the early stage (0–15 years). Furthermore, we find that this pattern persists even when we consider China's one‐child policy. Our findings also reveal that households with higher parental education levels and education investment expenditures in the middle stage exhibit greater resilience against economic risks in the late stage.
Safety of and response to electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy: Results from population‐based nationwide registries
Authors: Arnison Tor , Rask Olof , Nordenskjöld Axel , Movahed Rad Pouya
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Psychiatric disorders are common during pregnancy, affecting up to 16% of pregnant women. Severe depression and anxiety have significant negative effects on the health of both the mother and the developing fetus. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a treatment option for pregnant women with severe psychiatric disorders when other treatments have been ineffective or pose risks to the fetus. Knowledge of the safety and efficacy of ECT during pregnancy, however, remains limited.

Methods

Data were obtained from nationwide registries of pregnant women in Sweden who received ECT for a severe psychiatric disorder from January 2008 to December 2021. ECT‐related outcomes in pregnant women were compared by propensity score matching with a group of non‐pregnant women who also received ECT. Pregnancy‐related outcomes were compared with two additional control groups: one consisting of the same group of women who did not receive ECT during another pregnancy and the other composed of pregnant women admitted to inpatient psychiatric care but who did not receive ECT, matched based on propensity score.

Results

Ninety‐five pregnant women received ECT during the study period, accounting for 97 pregnancies. The response rate to ECT in pregnant women (n = 54) was similar to the matched control group of non‐pregnant women (74% vs. 65%; OR 1.61; 95% CI 0.79–3.27). Rates of adverse events related to ECT were similar to those in the control group. There were no pre‐term births or severe adverse outcomes related to the pregnancy, that were close in time to ECT. Therefore, no adverse outcomes related to pregnancy and childbirth could be directly attributed to ECT. The likelihood of premature birth and a 5‐min Apgar score <7 in the newborn were both significantly higher in the ECT group, compared with the matched non‐ECT group (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.15–4.73, p = 0.008, and OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.58–8.55, p < 0.001, respectively). By contrast, no significant differences were observed when women in the pregnant ECT group were compared with the same group lacking ECT during another pregnancy.

Conclusions

ECT was associated with a positive treatment response in pregnant women with severe psychiatric disorders. The response rate to ECT was similar in pregnant and non‐pregnant women. Nevertheless, the risks of premature birth and of a slightly poorer condition in newborns were higher in women who did than did not receive ECT, emphasizing the need for increased attention to severe psychiatric disorders during pregnancy.
Venetoclax pharmacokinetics in participants with end‐stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Noorani Behnam , Menon Rajeev M. , Chen Xin , Marsh Kennan C. , Huang Weize , Gupta Shelly , Dobkowska Edyta , Marbury Thomas , Salem Ahmed Hamed
Published: October 2023

Aims

Renal insufficiency is a common comorbidity in patients with haematological malignancies. This study aimed to assess how end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) might affect the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax, a Bcl‐2 inhibitor, in participants with ESRD undergoing haemodialysis.

Methods

Venetoclax was administered as a single 100‐mg dose to 6 female participants with ESRD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min) both prior to haemodialysis and between haemodialysis days and 7 healthy female participants with normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate >90 mL/min). Intensive pharmacokinetic and protein binding samples were collected from all participants. Arterial and venous samples were collected from ESRD participants during haemodialysis to assess the effect of haemodialysis on venetoclax pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods.

Results

There was no difference in plasma venetoclax concentrations between arterial and venous samples, suggesting that haemodialysis did not affect the pharmacokinetics of venetoclax. The fraction unbound (fu) of venetoclax was ~2‐fold higher for participants with ESRD compared to participants with normal renal function. The unbound maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 48 h were comparable between ESRD and normal function groups. The mean half‐life ranged from 10.4 to 12.2 h across groups, demonstrating that ESRD did not affect the half‐life of venetoclax. No new safety signals were observed during this study.

Conclusion

ESRD and dialysis do not alter unbound venetoclax plasma concentrations. No pharmacokinetics driven dose adjustment is needed for patients with renal insufficiency.
Synthesis and anti‐tumor activity evaluation of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide derivatives with phenyl sulfonamide groups as potent RSK2 inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zheng Guochuang , Gao Shang , Zhou Feng , Pan Tao , Shi Qiqi , Li Jiani , Zhang Xiaomeng , Huang Zhangjian , Quan Xu
Published: October 2023

Ribosome S6 Protein Kinase 2 (RSK2) is involved in many signal pathways such as cell growth, proliferation, survival and migration in tumors. Also, RSK2 can phosphorylate YB‐1, which induces the expression of tumor initiating cells, leading to poor prognosis of triple negative breast cancer. Herein, phenyl sulfonamide was introduced to a series of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamide derivatives to obtain novel RSK2 inhibitors which were evaluated RSK2 inhibitory activity and proliferation inhibitory activity against MDA‐MB‐468. The newly introduced sulfonamide group was observed to form a hydrogen bond with target residue LEU‐74 which played crucial role in activity. The results showed that most of compounds exhibited RSK2 enzyme inhibitory with IC50 up to 1.7 nM. Compound B1 exhibited the strongest MDA‐MB‐468 cell anti‐proliferation activity (IC50 = 0.13 μM). The in vivo tumor growth inhibitory activities were evaluated with compounds B1‐B3 in MDA‐MB‐468 xenograft model which gave up to 54.6% of TGI.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on families of children with medical complexity: A qualitative study of caregivers' experiences
Authors: Tager Julia B. , Kenney Ansley E. , Lim Paulina S. , Everhart Samantha A. , Johaningsmeir Sarah , Balistreri Kathryn A. , Morgan‐Tautges Amy , Berridge Kevin E. , Brophey Maura , Rothschild Charles B. , Scanlon Matthew C. , Davies W. Hobart , Lee K. Jane , Schnell Jessica L.
Published: October 2023

Background

Families of children with medical complexity (CMC) have been negatively affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic, experiencing challenges such as decreased access to services, increased financial hardship and increased isolation. However, there are few qualitative studies which explore parental experiences. The aim of the present study was to describe the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on families of CMC.

Methods

Caregivers of CMC were recruited from a large hospital in the Midwestern United States. They completed a semistructured qualitative interview assessing the impact of COVID‐19 on their child's care, which was analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis.

Results

Twenty caregivers who were predominantly White, married and female participated. Emergent themes included the importance of protecting their child's health to ensure their physical safety, greater social isolation and missed medical services related to concerns about exposure, clinic closures and/or other logistical changes. Participants noted that the convenience of telehealth was a positive outcome of COVID‐19 that facilitated care while reducing time and resource challenges.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of protecting the health of CMC through continued safe access to in‐person or telehealth services. It is important to prioritise emotional support services for families of CMC as they have experienced increased stress and social isolation during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. This topic should be explored among diverse families with CMC across multiple healthcare systems.
Selection of planning unit size in dynamic management strategies to reduce human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Welch Heather , Liu Owen R. , Riekkola Leena , Abrahms Briana , Hazen Elliott L. , Samhouri Jameal F.
Published: October 2023

Conservation planning traditionally relies upon static reserves; however, there is increasing emphasis on dynamic management (DM) strategies that are flexible in space and time. Due to its novelty, DM lacks best practices to guide design and implementation. We assessed the effect of planning unit size in a DM tool designed to reduce entanglement of protected whales in vertical ropes of surface buoys attached to crab traps in the lucrative U.S. Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) fishery. We conducted a retrospective analysis from 2009 to 2019 with modeled distributions of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales and observed fisheries effort and revenue to evaluate the effect of 7 planning unit sizes on DM tool performance. We measured performance as avoided whale entanglement risk and protected fisheries revenue. Small planning units avoided up to $47 million of revenue loss and reduced entanglement risk by up to 25% compared to the large planning units currently in use by avoiding the incidental closure of areas with low biodiversity value and high fisheries revenue. However, large planning units were less affected by an unprecedented marine heat wave in 2014–2016 and by delays in information on the distributions of whales and the fishery. Our findings suggest that the choice of planning unit size will require decision‐makers to navigate multiple socioecological considerations—rather than a one‐size‐fits‐all approach—to separate wildlife from threats under a changing climate.
The importance of equity in payments to encourage coexistence with large mammals
Authors: Hamm Joseph , Holmes George , Martin‐Ortega Julia
Published: October 2023

Large mammals often impose significant costs such as livestock depredation or crop foraging on rural communities, and this can lead to the retaliatory killing of threatened wildlife populations. One conservation approach—payments to encourage coexistence (PEC)—aims to reduce these costs through financial mechanisms, such as compensation, insurance, revenue sharing, and conservation performance payments. Little is known about the equitability of PEC, however, despite its moral and instrumental importance, prevalence as a conservation approach, and the fact that other financial tools for conservation are often inequitable. We used examples from the literature to examine the capability of PEC—as currently perceived and implemented—to be inequitable. We recommend improving the equitability of current and future schemes through the cooperative design of schemes that promote compensatory equity and greater consideration of conservation performance payments and by changing the international model for funding PEC to reduce global coexistence inequalities. New and existing programs must address issues of equitability across scales to ensure that conservation efforts are not undermined by diminished social legitimacy.
1075. Lonicera calcarata Hemsley: Caprifoliaceae
Authors: Lancaster Roy , Battle Christine , Rix Martyn
Published: October 2023

The robust climbing honeysuckle, Lonicera calcarata is illustrated. Its original collection in 1890 and recent introduction to cultivation from Emei Shan in Sichuan are described.
Parental socioeconomic status weakly predicts specific cognitive and academic skills beyond general cognitive ability
Authors: Bignardi Giacomo , Mareva Silvana , Astle Duncan E.
Published: October 2023

Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is a well‐established predictor of children's neurocognitive development. Several theories propose that specific cognitive skills are particularly vulnerable. However, this can be challenging to test, because cognitive assessments are not pure measures of distinct neurocognitive processes, and scores across different tests are often highly correlated. Aside from one previous study by Tucker‐Drob, little research has tested if associations between SES and cognition are explained by differences in general cognitive ability rather than specific cognitive skills. Using structural equation modelling (SEM), we tested if parental SES is associated with individual cognitive test scores after controlling for latent general cognitive ability. Data from three large‐scale cohorts totalling over 16,360 participants from the UK and USA (ages 6–19) were used. Associations between SES and cognitive test scores are mainly (but not entirely) explained through general cognitive ability. Socioeconomic advantage was associated with particularly strong vocabulary performance, unexplained by general ability. When controlling for general cognitive ability, socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with better executive functions. Better characterizing relationships between cognition and adversity is a crucial first step toward designing interventions to narrow socioeconomic gaps.

Research Highlights

Understanding environmental influences on cognitive development is a crucial goal for developmental science—parental socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the strongest predictors.

Several theories have proposed that specific cognitive skills, such as language or certain executive functions, are particularly susceptible to socioeconomic adversity.

Using structural equation modelling, we tested whether SES predicts specific cognitive and academic tests after controlling for latent general cognitive ability across three large‐scale cohorts.

SES moderately predicted latent general cognitive ability, but associations with specific cognitive skills were mainly small, with a few exceptions.
Gastrointestinal adverse events and weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes treated with tirzepatide in the SURPASS clinical trials
Authors: Patel Hiren , Khunti Kamlesh , Rodbard Helena W. , Bajaj Harpreet S. , Bray Ross , Kindracki Zbigniew , Rodríguez Ángel
Published: October 2023

Aims

To evaluate gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) and the impact of nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea (N/V/D) and any gastrointestinal (GI) AEs overall on weight change with tirzepatide across the SURPASS‐1 to ‐5 clinical trials.

Materials and Methods

Participants with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive once‐weekly tirzepatide (5, 10 or 15 mg) or comparator (placebo, semaglutide 1 mg once weekly, or titrated daily basal insulins) as monotherapy or added on to background antihyperglycaemic medication(s). This post hoc analysis subdivided participants within each trial into subgroups that self‐reported (yes/no) any N/V/D or GI AEs. Change from baseline in body weight at the primary timepoint was assessed within each trial and subgroup. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the contribution of direct and indirect (mediated by N/V/D or GI AEs) effects of tirzepatide on weight change versus comparators.

Results

Across the SURPASS‐1 to ‐5 trials (N = 6263), nausea (12%‐24%), diarrhoea (12%‐22%), and vomiting (2%‐13%) were the most common GI AEs reported with tirzepatide; these were transient and of mild‐to‐moderate severity. Mean weight reduction at the primary timepoint with tirzepatide was consistent between participants who reported N/V/D (−6.2 to −14.9 kg) and those who did not report N/V/D (−6.2 to −13.3 kg). Mean weight reduction was significantly (P < 0.01) greater with tirzepatide compared with placebo, semaglutide 1 mg, and basal insulins within the N/V/D and GI AEs subgroups. Mediation analyses suggested minimal contribution (<6%) of N/V/D and GI AEs to the overall difference in weight change between tirzepatide and comparators.

Conclusions

Superior weight reduction with tirzepatide versus comparators appears to be independent of reported N/V/D or GI AEs.
Natural ocean iron fertilization and climate variability over geological periods
Authors: Jiang Hai‐Bo , Hutchins David A. , Ma Wentao , Zhang Rui‐Feng , Wells Mark , Jiao Nianzhi , Wang Yuntao , Chai Fei
Published: October 2023

Marine primary producers are largely dependent on and shape the Earth's climate, although their relationship with climate varies over space and time. The growth of phytoplankton and associated marine primary productivity in most of the modern global ocean is limited by the supply of nutrients, including the micronutrient iron. The addition of iron via episodic and frequent events drives the biological carbon pump and promotes the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ocean. However, the dependence between iron and marine primary producers adaptively changes over different geological periods due to the variation in global climate and environment. In this review, we examined the role and importance of iron in modulating marine primary production during some specific geological periods, that is, the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) during the Huronian glaciation, the Snowball Earth Event during the Cryogenian, the glacial–interglacial cycles during the Pleistocene, and the period from the last glacial maximum to the late Holocene. Only the change trend of iron bioavailability and climate in the glacial–interglacial cycles is consistent with the Iron Hypothesis. During the GOE and the Snowball Earth periods, although the bioavailability of iron in the ocean and the climate changed dramatically, the changing trend of many factors contradicted the Iron Hypothesis. By detangling the relationship among marine primary productivity, iron availability and oceanic environments in different geological periods, this review can offer some new insights for evaluating the impact of ocean iron fertilization on removing CO2 from the atmosphere and regulating the climate.
The experiences of people with liver disease of palliative and end‐of‐life care in the United Kingdom—A systematic literature review and metasynthesis
Authors: Beresford Cathy J. , Gelling Leslie , Baron Sue , Thompson Linda
Published: October 2023

Background

Liver disease is a growing health concern and a major cause of death. It causes multiple symptoms, including financial, psychological and social issues. To address these challenges, palliative care can support people alongside active treatment, and towards the end of life, but little is known about the care experiences of individuals with liver disease in the United Kingdom. This review aimed to explore the palliative and end‐of‐life care experiences of people with liver disease in the United Kingdom.

Method

A systematic review was conducted using a five‐stage process and following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. Searches were across Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO and grey literature until 10 May 2023. The review was registered through International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). NVivo 12.5 was used to facilitate data analysis (systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022382649).

Results

Of 6035 papers (excluding duplicates) found from searches, five met the inclusion criteria of primary research related to adults with liver disease receiving palliative and/or end‐of‐life care in the United Kingdom, published in English. Reflexive thematic analysis of the data was conducted. The themes identified were the experiences of people with liver disease of relating to healthcare professionals, using services, receiving support, and experiences of information and communication. These were connected by an overarching concept of disempowerment versus empowerment, with the notion of person‐centred care as an important feature.

Conclusion

This review has found variations in the care experiences of people with advanced liver disease towards the end of life and an overall lack of access to specialist palliative care services. Where services are designed to be person‐centred, experiences are more empowering. Further research is needed but with recognition that it is often unclear when care for people with liver disease is palliative or end‐of‐life.

Patient and Public Contribution

An online public involvement workshop was held on 18 April 2023 through Voice (2023). This included four people with liver disease and four carers to discuss the review findings and to design a qualitative research study to further explore the topic.
Quick links: Apprenticeship project
Authors: Greenfield Katy
Published: October 2023

This project was designed to support people to find information, resources, and evidence independently within Health Education England (now NHS England Workforce Training and Education) and allow the Knowledge Management team more time to focus on other services offered. This project aimed to pull together a number of resources in to one simple ‘Quick links’ page, with relevant information, resources and further training, providing people with opportunities to build on their own knowledge and skills.
Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure in workers with outdoor occupations: a systematic review and call to action
Authors: Slavinsky Victoria , Helmy John , Vroman Jenna , Valdebran Manuel
Published: October 2023

Chronic solar ultraviolet radiation (sUVR) exposure leads to an increased incidence of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) development, particularly when accumulated over decades. Workers in certain industries, such as construction, agriculture, postal workers, and the military, are at higher risk due to cumulative sUVR exposure in their line of work. By assessing the relationship between sUVR exposure in outdoor workers and their skin cancer risk and defining methods of prevention, clinicians can offer focused sun protection counseling to this unique population. PubMed was used to perform a literature review to address the following research questions: 1. How is ultraviolet radiation measured? 2. What is the modern utility of the ultraviolet index in modifying sun protection behaviors in outdoor industry workers? 3. What is the risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer development in individuals working in outdoor occupations? 4. What is the prevalence of skin cancer among outdoor workers? 5. Is the number of nevi and solar lentigines elevated among individuals employed in outdoor occupations? The literature suggests that individuals in outdoor occupations are exposed to UV levels that often surpass safety limits for occupational UVR exposure, increasing their risk of developing skin cancer and precursor and pigmented lesions. Individuals in high‐risk occupations experience significantly higher levels of sUVR exposure than their indoor worker counterparts, increasing their risk of malignant cutaneous transformation. Accordingly, these individuals must be counseled on effective solar protection methods, and employers should advocate for actionable change.
The Perception of the Passage of Time among Death‐Involved Hospital Patients*
Authors: Neuringer Charles , Harris Robert M.
Published: October 2023

The present study attempted to evaluate the extent of the relationship between death involvement and temporal orientation among hospitalized suicidal, terminal, geriatrically ill, and normal patients. Their perception of the passage of time was evaluated by (a) behavioral estimations of elapsed time and (b) a survey of their opinions concerning the passage of time. The latter method included an evaluation of various consequences of the rate of time passage. The results indicated that the suicidal patients, closely followed by the geriatrically ill, overestimated time intervals to a much greater extent than did the normal and terminal patients. The suicidal subjects expressed a great deal of impulsiveness and described themselves as feeling miserable to a much greater degree than did the other groups.
Current Status of Program Evaluation Efforts*
Authors: Stelmachers Zigfrids T.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This article represents an overview of the various types of evaluation research conducted in the fields of crisis intervention, suicide prevention, and mental health in general. An attempt is made to classify it according to its content and purpose, and to assess the relative merit of each. Emphasis is on goal attainment and outcome type of evaluation.
Suicide Attributed to Work
Authors: Brodsky Carroll M.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Workers' compensation laws provide death benefits for the survivors of those who commit suicide as a result of a work‐incurred physical or psychological injury. A study of claims resulting from suicidal acts reveals that included in the indicted work conditions were sudden changes in organization, conflict of loyalties resulting from work change, reactions to pain and suffering following a physical work injury, and the economic and status deprivation resulting from disability and unemployment. Those treating subjects whose jobs were the sources of stress failed to recognize their patients' desperation and urged them to stay at their jobs.
Vehicle Drivers and Fatal Accidents
Authors: Foeckler Merle M. , Garrard Frances Hutcheson , Williams Catherine Chinnis , Thomas Alice M. , Jones Teresa J.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This study attempts an exploratory study of the question, What happens to drivers of vehicles involved in accidents in which there is a fatality, whether or not the driver was at fault? The purpose of the investigation was to attempt to determine what, if any, crisis intervention is needed for such drivers. A total of 33 drivers participated who were involved in such an accident from 6 months to 11 years prior to the interviews. Major findings are (1) the range of time for drivers to resolve their crises seemed to be from a few hours to years after the accident, (2) the crises created many psychosocial and physical problems for these drivers, (3) the support of family, friends, and significant others was the most important variable for the drivers in crisis resolution, (4) condemnation hindered them most.
Where Are They Now? A Follow‐up Study of Suicide Attempters from the Golden Gate Bridge
Authors: Seiden Richard H.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: The Golden Gate Bridge is currently the number one suicide location in the world. From the opening day, May 18, 1937 to April 1, 1978, there have been 625 officially reported suicide deaths and perhaps more than 200 others which have gone unseen and unreported. Proposals for the construction of a hardware antisuicide barrier have been challenged with the untested contention that “they'll just go someplace else.” This research tests the contention by describing and evaluating the long‐term mortality experience of the 515 persons who had attempted suicide from the Golden Gate Bridge but were restrained, from the opening day through the year 1971 plus a comparison group of 184 persons who made nonbridge suicide attempts during 1956–57 and were treated at the emergency room of a large metropolitan hospital and were also followed through the close of 1971. Results of the followup study are directed toward answering the important question: “Will a person who is prevented from suicide in one location inexorably tend to attempt and commit suicide elsewhere?”
Death by Hand Grenade: Altruistic Suicide in Combat
Authors: Blake Joseph A.
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:Durkheim's theory of suicide is examined as it bears on the concept of altruistic suicide. A subtype called heroic altruistic suicide or self‐sacrifice is identified. Relationships are hypothesized between cohesion and self‐sacrifice and rank and self‐sacrifice, and they are tested in combat situations, utilizing official published information on the Congressional Medal of Honor. Altruistic suicide is found to be higher in more cohesive than in less cohesive groups and more likely among enlisted men than among career officers and noncommissioned officers. In addition to testing hypotheses empirically, this study elaborates Durkheim by extending his analysis of altrustic suicide and clarifies his work by delineating sources of error in his hypotheses.
The impact of diet on sperm length in the long‐tailed finch (Poephila acuticauda)
Authors: Dubey Kumkum , McDiarmid Callum S. , Griffith Simon C.
Published: October 2023

Sperm traits are important in determining fertilisation success and are metabolically expensive to produce. There is little known about how energy acquisition and allocation affect sperm traits in avian taxa. This study assesses the impact of experimentally manipulated diet on long‐tailed finch sperm by comparing the length of sperm components (head, midpiece, flagellum and total sperm) between the treatment groups (homogenous diet and diverse diet) and across time points (before and after the experiment). Diet homogeneity was manipulated as this may impact diet quality in a species that is usually fed a diversity of seed species to thrive in captivity. Our results showed no impact of diet on the length of different sperm components. These results contrast with findings of a similar recent study of the zebra finch which found a significant level of diet‐affected plasticity in midpiece length. For both diet treatment groups in this study there was a slight but significant increase in head, flagellum and total sperm length over the treatment period. Despite this, all sperm components were highly repeatable, consistent with the finding from observational studies in passerine birds. The efficacy of our dietary manipulation was confirmed by a significant reduction in the saturation of bill colour in the long‐tailed finches as a result of the homogenous diet, and a difference in body mass across the treatment groups.
Very high‐power short‐duration catheter ablation for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: Insights from the FAST and FURIOUS study series
Authors: Heeger Christian‐H. , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Tilz Roland R.
Published: October 2023

The QDOT MICRO™ Catheter is a novel open‐irrigated contact force‐sensing radiofrequency ablation catheter. It offers very high‐power short‐duration (vHPSD) ablation with 90 W for 4 s to improve safety and efficacy of catheter ablation procedures. Although the QDOT MICRO™ Catheter was mainly designed for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) its versatility to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) and other types of arrhythmias was recently evaluated by the FAST and FURIOUS study series and other studies and will be presented in this article. Available study and registry data as well as case reports concerning utilization of the QDOT MICRO™ Catheter for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias including AF, focal and macroreentry atrial tachycardia, typical atrial flutter by cavotricuspid isthmus block, premature ventricular contractions, and accessory pathways were reviewed and summarized. In summary, the QDOT MICRO™ Catheter showed safety and efficacy for PVI and is able to treat also other types of arrhythmias as is was recently evaluated by case reports and the FAST and FURIOUS studies.
Relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health
Authors: Morris Katherine L. , McDowell Chrystal N. , Tawfiq Dania , Outler Carson , Kimmes Jonathan G.
Published: October 2023

Romantic relationships have the potential to be a great source of support or a significant stressor depending on the quality of the relationship. Given the importance of these relationships, it is important to explore possible predictors of relationship quality, primarily if such predictors can be targeted in a clinical setting. Relationship mindfulness, or the propensity to be mindful in the setting of a romantic relationship, is one such option. The current study explored the associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health. An online assessment was completed by 116 middle‐aged different‐sex couples that measured the variables of interest. In addition, an Actor‐Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was utilized to determine significant associations between relationship mindfulness, negative relationship quality, and physical health for both actors and partners. The clinical implications are that relationship mindfulness may help to decrease negative relationship quality and subsequently benefit individual physical health.