bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TA-Fe(III) complex coated PS nanospheres for non-iridescent structural coloration of cotton fabric
Authors: Zhu Xiaowei , Wei Tianchen , Li Yijiang , Li Yichen , Xing Tieling , Shawkey Matthew D. , Chen Guoqiang
Published: August 2022

Photonic structures constructed from colloidal nanospheres present an attractive prospect for structural coloration in an ecological manner. However, the application of structural color in the field of textile coloration is usually blocked by their uncorrelated scattered light and feeble mechanical properties. Here, a non-iridescent structural color coating with high color saturation and mechanical stability is developed by assembling PS@TA-Fe(III) core-shell nanospheres. The rough surface and low surface charge are favorable for forming amorphous colloid arrays (ACAs) by restricting the crystalline alignment during the assembly process, resulting in non-iridescent structural colors. In addition, the as-prepared structurally colored cotton fabric possess high color saturation and mechanical stability thanks to the intense light absorption and interface adhesion of the TA-Fe(III) shell. The preparation approach of this structural color coating is facile, low-cost, and environment-friendly, showing promising applications in textile coloration and smart display.
Clinical practice guideline adaptation for risk-based caries management in 18- 55 years old Iranian adults
Authors: Pakdaman Afsaneh , Gholizadeh Narges , Eshrati Mahsa , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To adapt an evidence based clinical practice guideline (CPG) for risk-based management of caries in 18-55 years old Iranian adults.Methods: A multidisciplinary adaptation team reviewed evidence-based guidelines such as NICE, SIGN, and ADA according to the defined clinical questions. In addition, databases such as PubMed and google scholar were searched and CPGs were screened and appraised employing AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II) tool. Clinical scenarios were developed and their level of evidence, clinical advantage and adaptability was assessed. Following a two-round of ranking by experts, final recommendations were selected using RAND-UCLA appropriateness method.Results: Of 17 guides, 5 CPGs were selected as source adaptation guidelines. For assessing risk of caries in adult population, reduced Cariogram (without saliva tests) and CAMBRA were selected. In addition, adaptation team recommended 53 risk-based recommendations on preventive measures, operative intervention threshold and follow up intervals for Iranian adults.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated an adapted guide for risk-based management of tooth decay in Iranian adults. This helps local dentists in decision making and promoting oral health of adults. Further research on the feasibility of the adapted guideline in Iranian population is needed.
High fat diet induces brain injury and neuronal apoptosis via down-regulating 3-β hydroxycholesterol 24 reductase (DHCR24)
Authors: Lu Ziyin , Wang Haozhen , Zhang Xiujin , Huang Xiuting , Jiang Shan , Lu Chen , Bing Gao , Xiuli Lu
Published: August 2022

Hyperlipidemia (HLP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its pathological molecular mechanism remained unclear. 3β-hydroxysterol Δ24- reductase (DHCR24), a key enzyme in the last step of cholesterol synthesis, has been reported to decrease in the affected areas in the brain of AD patients. In this study, hyperlipidemic mouse model was established to study the effect of high blood lipid on brain. The data obtained from HPLC analysis demonstrated that the cholesterol level in brain of mice with hyperlipidemia was noticeably elevated compared to the control conditions. While the pathological damages were observed in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in the brain of hyperlipidemic mice. Furthermore, the protein level of DHCR24 was downregulated accompanied by elevated ubiquitination level in the hyperlipidemic mice brain. The mouse neuroblastoma cells N2a were exposed to the excess cholesterol loading, the cells underwent apoptosis and the gene and protein of DHCR24 in cholesterol-loaded N2a cells were significantly reduced. In addition, the golden indexes of endoplasmic reticulum stress, BOP and ROP, increased significantly in response to the cholesterol loading. More importantly, overexpression of DHCR24 in N2a reversed neuronal apoptosis induced by the cholesterol loading. Conclusively, these findings suggested that hyperlipidemia could cause brain tissue injuries via down-regulating DHCR24, and overexpression of DHCR24 may alleviate hyperlipidemia-induced neuronal cells damage by reversing the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.
Echo State Network Optimization: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Soltani Rebh , Benmohamed Emna , Ltifi Hela
Published: August 2022

In the recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated the importance and efficiency of Reservoir Computing (RC) approaches. The choice of parameters and architecture in reservoir computing, on the other hand, frequently leads to an optimization task. This paper attempts to present an overview of the related work on Echo State Network (ESN) optimization and to collect research papers through a systematic Literature Review (SLR). This review covers 74 items published since 2004 and 2021 that are concerned with the issue of our focus. The collected papers are selected, analysed and reported. The results indicate that there are two techniques of parameters optimization (bio-inspired and non-bio-inspired methods) have been extensively used for various reasons. But the bio-inspired ones are the greatest. The potential use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has also been noted. A significant portion of the research done in this field focuses on the study of reservoirs and how they behave in relation to their unique qualities. In order to test reservoirs with varied parameters, topologies, or training techniques, NARMA, the Mackey glass, and Lorenz time-series prediction dataset are the most commonly employed in the literature. This research debate diverse point of view about ESN's hyper-parameter optimization, metrics, datasets, evaluation measures, and bio-inspired and non-bio-inspired techniques, this paper identifies and explores a number of research gaps.
People of color experience reduced access to pollinators along an urban-rural gradient
Authors: Lynch Lauren R. , Miller James R.
Published: August 2022

Inequities based on racism and classism play an important role in shaping ecological functioning and patterns of land cover in urban environments. The well-being of city-dwellers is threatened by resulting disparities in access to health, educational, and public safety benefits of green space, and potential negative impacts on urban pollinators are especially alarming given the essential ecosystem services that they provide. We investigated the relationships among income, race, historical discriminatory practices, and pollinator abundance along an urban-rural gradient in Illinois, USA. A positive relationship between income and abundance was observed for flies while a negative relationship was observed for butterflies and overall pollinators. Additionally, we observed fewer pollinators in neighborhoods where more people of color live and for most pollinator groups this pattern was consistent along the urbanization gradient. The recognition of these inequities may facilitate our ability to correct them by allowing us to identify neighborhoods that will most benefit from pollinator conservation. Targeting these neighborhoods for conservation efforts may help us move towards a social-ecological system in which all people benefit from the ecosystem services provided by pollinators.
CaSR modulates proliferation of the superficial zone cells in temporomandibular joint cartilage via the PTHrP nuclear localization sequence
Authors: Zhou Peng , Yang Hongxu , Zhang Mian , Liu Jinqiang , Yu Jia , Yu Shibin , Liu Qian , Zhang Yuejiao , Xie Mianjiao , Xu Xiaojie , Liu Jiguang , Wang Meiqing
Published: August 2022

Objective The superficial zone cells in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage are proliferative. The purpose of the present work was to delineate the relation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) nuclear localization sequence, and their role in the proliferation behaviors of the superficial zone cells. Methods A gain- and loss-of-function strategy were used in anin vitrofluid flow shear stress (FFSS) model and anin vivobilateral elevation bite (BAE) model, which showed TMJ cartilage thickening. CaSR and PTHrP nuclear localization sequence (PTHrP87 − 139), were modulated through treating the isolated superficial zone cells with activator/SiRNA and via deleting CaSR or PTHrP gene in mice with the promoter gene of proteoglycan 4 (Prg4-CreERT2) in the tamoxifen-inducible pattern with or without additional injection of cinacalcet, the CaSR agonist, or PTHrP87 − 139peptide. Results FFSS stimulated CaSR and PTHrP expression, and accelerated proliferation of the Prg4-expressing superficial zone cells, in which process CaSR acted as an up-streamer of PTHrP. Prg4-specific knockout of CaSR or PTHrP reduced the cartilage thickness, suppressed the proliferation and early differentiation of the superficial zone cells, and inhibited cartilage thickening and matrix production promoted by BAE. Injections of CaSR agonist Cinacalcet could not improve the phenotype caused by PTHrP mutation. Injections of PTHrP87 − 139peptide rescued the TMJ cartilage from knockout of CaSR gene. Conclusions CaSR modulates proliferation of the superficial zone cells in TMJ cartilage through activation of PTHrP nuclear localization sequence. Our data support the therapeutic target of CaSR in promoting PTHrP production in superficial zone cartilage.
Plantar and Dorsal Approaches for Excision of Morton’s Neuroma: A Comparison Study
Authors: Wenpeng Xu , Ning Zhang , Zhengxun Li , Yifan Wang , Xiucun Li , yang Wang , Haipeng Si , Yong Hu
Published: August 2022

Background: Morton’s neuroma is a painful enlargement of the plantar digital nerve between the metatarsal heads which cause pain of the forefoot. Several approaches have been used to treat the Morton’s neuroma, with each having distinct advantages and disadvantages.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the clinical outcomes of neurectomy for the treatment of Morton’s neuroma through plantar and dorsal approaches.Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients aged averagely 48.5±13.0 years(range: 19-66years) who underwent excision of a Morton’s neuroma that had been unresponsive to conservative treatment from June 2014 to June 2021. All the neurectomies were performed through either a plantar or dorsal approach. Outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) scores, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and complications. We also used appearance index (AI) to assess the influence of foot appearance on quality of life after surgery.Results: 8 patients underwent neurectomy through a dorsal approach, and 12 patients underwent neurectomy through a plantar approach. The average follow-up time was 28.9±12.9 months(range: 15-72months). There were no statistically significant differences between the dorsal and plantar approach groups with respect to postoperative pain measured by VAS scores. The postoperative AOFAS scores and FAAM outcomes showed no significant differences between the groups. The complications reported in the dorsal approach group were significantly fewer than those of plantar group, mainly discomfort wearing shoes. The AI of the plantar group and the dorsal group were significant different.Conclusion: Excision of Morton’s neuroma through a dorsal or plantar approach both obtained satisfactory outcomes. But the foot appearance after surgery through a plantar approach have less influence on quality of life than a dorsal approach. We recommend that surgeons choose the approach they are most familiar with and most confident in performing. And we recommend the plantar approach if the patient have great need for the appearance.Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series.
Study on the association between trace elements and thyroid nodule in Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Xiangzhi , Wu Cailian , Huang Mingle , Huang Minmin , Cen Liting , Liu Jingjing , Xie Xiaohe , Liao Ning , Qiu Meiting , Lu Xiaoling , Yang Jiachen
Published: August 2022

In addition to genetic factors, environmental exposures are considered to be one of the most important factors affecting thyroid dysfunction in humans. And some trace elements and metal elements in patients often interact with related proteins and hormones, leading to thyroid dysfunction. This study investigated the relationship of selected elements on thyroid nodule in a population from Guangxi. Blood and urine collected from 96 participants (48 patients with thyroid nodules and 48 controls) were analyzed to determine the hormones in serum as well as the elements in urine using kits as well as inductively coupled mass spectrometry, respectively. The relationship between demographics, clinical characteristics and urinary levels of characteristic thyroid trace elements (T3, T4 and TSH) was investigated using Chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis, independent sample T-test and Kruskal-Wallis test (K-W test). In the serum, T3/T4 and TSH were lower in the nodule group than in the control group, but there was a correlation between T3 and T4 and the elements in the nodule group. In urine, the concentrations of Cd and Sr were higher and the values of Se, Fe and V were lower in the urine of patients with thyroid nodules compared to controls, and there was a correlation between the various elements. This study showed a correlation between thyroid nodules and exposure to environmental elements, particularly among the various elements in the organism of patients with thyroid nodules.
Perineural block is superior to intravenous dexamethasone block during a single injection of scalenus muscle in the shoulder under arthroscopy：a meta- analysis
Authors: Wu Rongcan , Chen Zhi , Chen Gang , Sun Jun , Liu Wenge
Published: August 2022

PurposeBoth perineural and intravenous dexamethasone prolongs the efficacy of a single interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB). But there is currently debate about the best route of administration. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of perineural injection of dexamethasone versus intravenous injection of dexamethasone in the treatment of ISB during arthroscopic shoulder surgery.MethodsRelevant studies published before May 05, 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to the preferred reporting items of the Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary outcomes were duration of analgesia, sensory and motor block. The secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, opioid consumption and incidence of adverse events. We performed a meta-analysis to find significant differences between the two modalities.ResultsSeven studies were identified (846 patients). Perineural injection of dexamethasone can significantly prolong the analgesic time (WMD: 1.699 hours; 95% CI: 0.0014, 3.384; P: 0.048) and reduced postoperative pain at 12 hours (WMD: -0.652; 95% CI: -1.129, -0.176; P: 0.007). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the duration of sensory and motor block, postoperative pain and opioid consumption at 24 hours, and incidence of adverse events (dyspnea, sleep disturbance, and postoperative glucose change).ConclusionsThe current evidence demonstrated the superior effect of dexamethasone is used around the nerve for prolonged analgesia and reducing acute postoperative pain.
Dynamics for a 3-UPU Parallel Robot
Authors: Zhao Jing-Shan , Wei Song-Tao , Sun Han-Lin
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates Newton-Euler dynamics in Plücker coordinates for a parallel robot. In classical mechanics, the Newton–Euler equations describe the dynamics of a rigid body by combining translations and rotations. In accordance to the definition of a screw, the angular velocity of a rigid body and its linear velocity at a point are represented in Plücker coordinates. With Plücker coordinates, we get the absolute displacement through numerical integration on the velocity solution and acceleration through numerical differential interpolation of velocity of each joint. The absolute accelerations and displacements calculated in kinematics are used to establish the force equation and toque equation directly. Since both the displacement and acceleration can be numerically expressed in terms of velocity of first order, the most prominent merit of the algorithm is that the dynamics can be iterated based on the velocities in Plücker coordinates including forward and inverse dynamics. The dynamics of a spatial 3-UPU parallel robot validates the algorithm. Although this paper only discusses the dynamics of 3-UPU parallel robot, it is also suited to developing numerical algorithms for kinematics and dynamics of a series mechanism and hybrid mechanism.
Combining stable isotope (2H, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr) and hydrochemistry to understand hydrogeochemical processes in karst groundwater system, Xin’an, northern China
Authors: Zhang Chunchao , Li Xiangquan , Ma Jianfei , Wang Zhenxing , Hou Xinwei , Gao Ming , Bai Zhanxue , Gui Chunlei , Zuo Xuefeng
Published: August 2022

Karst groundwater is the most important source of water supply for Shanxi province, northern China. In this study, different hydrogeochemical indices along with multiple isotope (2H, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr) were used to identify the main factors controlling groundwater salinization and hydrogeochemical processes in the Xin’an karst groundwater system. The region’s karst groundwater system was divided into three geologically distinct sub-systems, namely, the Changzhi-Xiangyuan subsystem (C-X), Huguan-Pingshun subsystem (H-P) and Licheng subsystem (LC). HCO3-Ca·Mg was dominant chemical type for karst groundwater system. The H-P and LC subsystems experienced similar hydrogeochemical processes, from the recharge zone to discharge zone, the Sr2+ content, Sr2+/Ca2+ ratio and TDS concentrations of karst groundwater gradually increases along the flow direction. However, for C-X subsystem, from the deep buried zone to discharge zone, the Sr2+ content, Sr2+/Ca2+ ratio and TDS concentrations gradually decreases due to the mixing of fresh water. The main source of karst groundwater was meteoric water, and it is also recharged by surface water and shallow groundwater. The water-rock interactions in conjunction with the cation exchange absolutely predominated in hydrogeochemical evolution of karst groundwater. Major ions, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3− and SO42−, originated from the dissolution of carbonate and sulfate minerals. Dissolution of sulfate minerals was the major process for the increase of groundwater salinity. The NO3−, Cl− and K+ could be attributed to agricultural and human activities, and the Na+ originated from intense mining activities in the study area. The results will facilitate understanding of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater pollution to enable effective management and utilization of karst groundwater resources.
GIS Based Analysis of the Solar Radiation Mapping and Potential Assessment for Iraqi Kurdistan region
Authors: Keya Dawod R. , Farangis Baker , Sirwan Ranj , Behler Klaus
Published: August 2022

The sun provides almost all the energy for our planet and it is responsible, directly, or indirectly, for the existence of life on Earth. In general, active solar energy technology can be further grouped into two categories photovoltaic technology and solar thermal technology. Different methods have been developed to estimate surface irradiance in the absence of ground records. There are two different types of satellite data to estimate sun irradiation. Geostationary satellites and polar-orbiting satellites. The focus of PVGIS is research in solar resource assessment, photovoltaic (PV) performance studies, and the dissemination of knowledge and data about solar radiation. SARAH is a satellite-based climatology of the solar surface irradiance, the surface direct normalized irradiance, and the effective cloud albedo derived from satellite observations of the visible channels. In this study, the data set consists of records at 29 stations, and irradiation data for 78 points in the period 2005 to 2016 were used. The results indicated that the spatial variability of the daily and annual Rs ranged from as high as 5.4 MJ/m²/day (annual 1964.1) to as low as 4.4 MJ/m²/day (annual 1611.8). Also, the daily irradiation in the context of GHI, DNI, and GIOA ranged from 4.4 to 5.6, 4.9 to 5.8 and from 4.7 to 6.2 MJ/m²/day, respectively.
The Effect of Final Irrigation Protocols on The Apical Sealing Ability of Epoxy Resin-based and Bioceramic-based Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Mohamed Anan , Ghoniem Angie , Nabil Nehal
Published: August 2022

Aim: The present study evaluated the effect of different final irrigation protocols on the apical sealing ability of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers. Materials and methods: Thirty single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented using ProTaper Next rotary files. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the final irrigation regimen; Group I: 5 ml 0.2% CNPs/3 min, Group II: 2.5 ml 0.2% CNPs/1.5 min followed by 2.5 ml 17% EDTA/1.5 min, and Group III: 5 ml 17% EDTA/3min. All groups were subdivided into two subgroups based on the obturation material; Subgroup A: gutta-percha/Sure-Seal Root BC Sealer and Subgroup B: gutta-percha/AH Plus. The apical sealing ability was assessed using modified silver staining technique. Samples were sectioned longitudinally and examined using SEM. Results: Sure-Seal Root BC sealer showed significantly lower nanoleakage compared to AH Plus. No significant difference was recorded in the nanoleakage of Sure-Seal Root BC sealer among the three groups, while AH Plus showed a significantly higher nanoleakage in the EDTA group. Conclusions: The apical sealing ability of bioceramic sealers is better than that of epoxy resin-based sealers. The type of the final irrigating solution seems to affect the post-obturation seal of both AH Plus and Sure-Seal Root BC sealer.
Rate of spontaneous preterm delivery between gestational diabetes and normal pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tanpong Sirikul , Boriboonhirunsarn Dittakarn
Published: August 2022

Background
Preterm delivery has been reported to increase among women with gestational diabetes (GDM) but with conflicting results. Understand the relationship between the 2 conditions could help in better care of GDM and possibly minimize the risk of preterm delivery Therefore, the primary objective was to compare the rate of spontaneous preterm delivery between GDM and normal pregnancy. Moreover, pregnancy outcomes and associated risk factors for spontaneous preterm delivery were evaluated.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 120 GDM and 480 normal pregnant women. All women received GDM screening with 50-g GCT and 100-g OGTT at first visit and repeated at 24–28 weeks. Data was retrieved from medical records, including baseline and obstetric characteristics, preterm risks, GDM risks, and pregnancy outcomes. Spontaneous preterm birth was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation that had been preceded by spontaneous labor.
Results
GDM women were more likely to be \(\ge\)30 years (p = 0.032), and have previous GDM (p = 0.013). Incidence of overall preterm delivery was significantly higher in GDM women (17.5% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.004) as well as incidence of spontaneous preterm delivery (15.8% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.004). GDM women had less gestational weight gain (p < 0.001) and were less likely to have excessive weight gain (p = 0.002). GDM women were more likely to deliver LGA (p = 0.02) and macrosomic infants (p = 0.027). Neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly more common among GDM (p = 0.013). Multivariate analysis showed that previous preterm birth and GDM independently increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (adjusted OR 2.56, CI 1.13–5.79, p 0.024 and adjusted OR 2.15, CI 1.2–3.84, p 0.010, respectively).
Conclusion
GDM and previous preterm birth significantly increased the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. GDM also increased the risk of LGA, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia.
Comparative Postnatal Cytoarchitectural study of the Cochlear and Vestibular nuclei in the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus)
Authors: Ogbonnaya Obioma , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Ikpegbu Ekele
Published: August 2022

The medulla oblongata relays impulses between the spinal cord and higher brain centers and serves as the control center for autonomic processes. The gray matter of the medulla oblongata houses the cochlear and vestibular cranial nerve nuclei, and they are involved in the control of essential bodily activities. Information on status of the auditory reflex centres at earlier postnatal developmental stages of the African giant rat (AGR) is lacking in available literature. Previous studies advocated the use of juveniles instead of adults for neurological studies. The cytoarchitecture of the cochlear and vestibular nuclei at different postnatal developmental stages in AGR need to be investigated to further understand the variation in the auditory capacity of this rodent. It is with this dearth of knowledge on the auditory brain centres of the AGR that the need to conduct the present study was born. Neuronal axons of cochlear bushy cells were absent in neonates, present but short in juveniles and well developed in adults. The relatively poor acoustic structures in neonates, improved acoustic structures in juveniles and dominant acoustic structures in adult AGRs is Progressive. This progressive development of cochlear bushy cells from neonates, through juveniles to adults implies that the adults have huge auditory nerve endings for high fidelity neural transmission in response to acoustic events more than the juveniles and far less in neonates. Therefore, the adults of AGR have the best auditory sense acuity, followed by a good one in juveniles and the worst in neonates.
The relationship between miR-340 and NOD2 may play an important role in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Xiaoying , Liu Xianghong , Kang Lili , Lin Xia , Ma Kai , Li Yanfang
Published: August 2022

Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the central nervous system in children, with a high mortality rate of 12 % - 35 %. Two-thirds of bacterial meningitis cases in Europe and the United States are caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, the overexpression of miR-340 and the knockdown of NOD2 could attenuate the microglial inflammation induced byStreptococcus pneumoniaeand improve the nerve function inStreptococcus pneumoniae-induced meningitis mice. In contrast, inhibited miR-340 and overexpression of NOD2 had the opposite effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and recovery experiments showed that miR-340 could reduce the microglial inflammation induced byStreptococcus pneumoniaeand improve the neurological damage caused byStreptococcus pneumoniaewith regulating the expression of NOD2. MiR-340 and NOD2 may become the site of targeted therapy forStreptococcus pneumoniaemeningitis.
Multi-Graph Convolutional Neural Network forBreast Cancer Multi-Task Classification
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad , Henna Shagufta , Jennings Brendan , Butler Bernard , Cullen Gary
Published: August 2022

Mammography is a popular diagnostic imaging procedure for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. Variousdeep learning approaches to breast cancer detection incur high costs and are erroneous. Therefore, they are notreliable to be used by medical practitioners. Specifically, these approaches do not exploit the complex texture patternsand interactions. These approaches warrant the need for labelled data to enable learning, limiting the scalabilityof these methods under insufficient labelled datasets. Further, these models lack generalisation capability to newsynthesizedpatterns/textures. To address these problems, in the first instance, we design a graph model to transform themammograms images into highly correlated multigraph encode rich structural relations and high-level texture features.Then, we consider a self-supervised learning multigraph encoder (SSL-MG) to improve the features presentation,especially under limited labelled data constraints. Finally, we design a semi-supervised mammogram multigraphconvolution neural network downstream model (MMGCN) to perform multi classifications of mammogram segmentsencoded in the multigraph nodes. We evaluate the classification performance of MMGCN independently and withintegration with SSL-MG in a model called SSL-MMGCN over multi training settings. Our results reveal the efficientlearning performance of SSL-MNGCN and MMGCN with 0.97 and 0.98 AUC classification accuracy in contrast tothe multitask deep graph (GCN) method Hao Du et al. (2021) with 0.81 AUC accuracy.
Flexible and Parallel Architectures for Optimal Ate pairing on FPGA
Authors: Azzouzi Oussama , Anane Mohamed , Koudil Mouloud , Issad Mohamed
Published: August 2022

This paper presents three approaches for the implementation of Optimal Ate pairing based on Jacobean coordinates, over Barreto-Naehrig curves, targeting the 128 bits security level, in Genesys board. The first approach is a fully software implementation using MicroBlaze processor. The second approach is software/hardware implementation, in which the most useful operations in \({\varvec{F}}_{\varvec{p}}\) and \({\varvec{F}}_{{\varvec{p}}^{2}}\) are coded as intellectual property cores around the Microblaze. The third approach is based on the second in which we exploit the parallelism that exists to compute Optimal Ate pairing. The integration of multi-MicroBlaze processor in single architecture allows not only the flexibility of the overall system but also the parallelism to speed up pairing. Various techniques and parameters are used and combined to compute Optimal Ate in efficient way, namely: Montgomery modular multiplication, Karatsuba method, Jacobean coordinate, Complex method for squaring, Sparse multiplication, squaring in the cyclotomic subgroup \({\varvec{G}}_{\varvec{\varphi }6}\left({\varvec{F}}_{{\varvec{p}}^{12}}\right)\) and addition chain method. Our flexible and parallel systems are dedicated for restricted environment resources with a reasonable execution time.
Riverine fish species diversity in a biodiversity hotspot region under climate change impacts: distribution shifts and conservation needs
Authors: Makki Toktam , Mostafavi Hossein , Matkan Ali Akbar , Valavi Roozbeh , Hughes Robert M , Shadloo Shabnam , Aghighi Hossein , Abdoli Asghar , Teimori Azad , Eagderi Soheil , Coad Brian W
Published: August 2022

The future changes in the spatial distribution and richness of 131 riverine fish species were investigated at 1481 sites in Iran under optimistic and pessimistic climate change scenarios of 2050 and 2080. The maximum entropy model was used to predict species’ potential distribution under current and future climate conditions. The hydrologic unit (HU) occupancy of the target species through the use of nine environmental variables was modeled. The most important variable determining fish occupancy was HU location, followed by elevation, climate variables, and slope. Thirty-seven species decrease potential habitat occupancy in all future scenarios. The southern Caspian HU faces the highest future species reductions. The southern Caspian HU, western Zagros, and northwestern Iran will be at higher risk for species richness reduction. Managers could use these results to plan conservational strategies to ease the movement and dispersal of species, especially those that are at risk of extinction or invasion.
Fishing Songs from Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania: A Case Study of Intangible Marine Cultural Heritage on the Swahili Coast
Authors: Lubao Claudia , Ichumbaki Elgidius
Published: August 2022

Fishers (both men and women) engage in different activities ranging from preparing fishing equipment (traps, nets, fishing vessels), weather forecasting, and sailing to fishing grounds. While sailing, fishers can paddle collaboratively when the wind is low and, if the boat is leaking, some crew bail the vessel. Once they arrive at the fishing grounds, fishers cast anchor, mend the fishnets, and fix the boat foresheets. If successful, the fishers collect their catch, weigh the anchor, and return to shore and prepare to sell their fish. These fishing activities are accompanied by maritime customs, traditions, rituals, stories, and gestures. One key tradition accompanying the fishing process from the start to the end is singing. This paper documents and present the songs that are part of the fishing process in Kilwa Kisiwani, along the southern coast of Tanzania. The fishing songs of Kilwa Kisiwani are presented in the context of intangible cultural heritage of the east African Swahili coast.
Eating disorders in sexual minority adolescents and young adults: examining clinical characteristics and psychiatric co-morbidities in an inpatient medical setting
Authors: Chaphekar Anita , Downey Amanda , Garber Andrea , Kuykendall Mikayla , Bojorquez-Ramirez Paola , Ganson Kyle , Buckelew Sara , Nagata Jason
Published: August 2022

Background: Sexual minority adolescents and young adults are at higher risk of eating disorders compared to heterosexual peers. However, little is known about the clinical and psychiatric presentation of this population requiring inpatient medical stabilization. The objectives of this study were to 1) describe the clinical characteristics of sexual minority adolescents and young adults with eating disorders admitted for medical instability and 2) compare psychiatric co-morbidities and suicidality of sexual minority adolescents and young adults to heterosexual peers. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 601 patients admitted to a large inpatient eating disorders medical stabilization unit between 2012 and 2020. Data collected included age, sex assigned at birth, sexual orientation, eating disorder diagnosis, percent median body mass index at admission, vital signs at admission, co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses, psychiatric medication use, and suicidality or self-injurious behavior. Fisher’s exact, Chi square or t-tests were used to examine potential differences in clinical characteristics and psychiatric co-morbidities between groups. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess associations between sexual orientation and psychiatric co-morbidities.Results: Over one fifth (21.1%, n = 103) of our inpatient sample identified as a sexual minority individual. There was no significant difference between eating disorder diagnosis types by sexual orientation. Sexual minority adolescents and young adults had higher percent median body mass index compared to their heterosexual peers and yet equally severe vital sign instability on admission. Sexual minority adolescents and young adults were almost 1.5 times more likely to have a psychiatric comorbidity with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Sexual minority adolescents and young adults were approximately two times more likely to have a history of self-injurious behaviors and/or suicidality. Conclusions: Sexual minority adolescents and young adults with eating disorders have equally severe vital sign instability despite higher percent median body mass index on admission for medical stabilization. Sexual minority adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of eating disorders are far more likely to have an additional mental health disorder and a history of self-harm and/or suicidality, which may portend a less favorable long-term prognosis.
Risk factors and clinical impact of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales coinfections among hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Lee Jen-Chieh , Chiu Chun-Wei , Lee Ching-Chi , Tsai Pei-Jane , Ko Wen-Chien , Hung Yuan-Pin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The risk factors and clinical impact of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) coinfection among hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) were analyzed in this study.Materials and methods: A clinical study was performed at the medical wards of Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare in southern Taiwan. Patients with CDI between January 2013 and April 2020 were included.Results: Among 238 patients included for analysis, 22 (9.2%) patients developed CRE coinfections within 14 days before or after the onset of CDI. CDI patients with CRE coinfection had longer hospitalization stays (103.0 ± 97.0 days vs. 42.5 ± 109.6 days, P = 0.01) than those without CRE coinfection. In the multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.10, P = 0.02) was independently associated with CRE coinfection. In contrast, underlying old stroke (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.70, P = 0.02) was negatively linked to CRE coinfection.Conclusion: Among patients with CDI, CRE coinfections were associated with prolonged hospitalization for CDI. Age was an independent risk factor for CRE coinfection among patients with CDI.
Ethephon Increases Cold Hardiness of Sweet Cherry1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: August 2022

Late summer sprays of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) increased hardiness of dormant sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit buds, delayed bloom, and improved survival of spring frosts thus increasing yields. Wood hardiness was increased slightly. Autumn defoliation was sometimes hastened. Fruit size was reduced but color, soluble solids and firmness were not affected. Ethephon applied in late summer induced gumming of branches the following May in 1 year out of 6. Ethephon probably does not influence normal acclimation. Its effect is superimposed on the natural cycle.
Phytotoxic Effects of Several Bark Extracts on Mung Bean and Cucumber Growth1
Authors: Still Steven M. , Dirr Michael A. , Gartner John B.
Published: August 2022

Mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) cuttings and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Marketer) seedlings were cultured in water extracts of bark from silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.). Extracts of fresh silver maple bark inhibited root elongation of cucumbers and the adventitious rooting of mung bean. Composting the silver maple bark for 30 days prior to preparing the water extracts reduced inhibition. Pretreatment of fresh silver maple bark extracts with insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) reduced inhibition and indicated that the inhibitory compound was phenolic in nature. Chromatography and spectral analysis of common phenolic compounds and silver maple bark extracts revealed the toxic substance was similar to tannic acid.
Effect of Interactions of Calcium, Potassium and Manganese Supply on ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees as Related to Internal Bark Necrosis1
Authors: Domoto P. A. , Thompson A. H.
Published: August 2022

A greenhouse solution culture experiment was conducted to study the interactions of Ca, K and Mn supply on the concentration of 7 elements in bark tissues of ‘Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh) trees as related to internal bark necrosis (IBN). Under a regime of low Ca and high Mn, IBN symptoms developed late in the second growing season on the scion barks but not on the rootstock bark. Both the degree of severity and the incidence of the disorder increased with increasing K levels. Low Ca and high Mn concentrations in the barks are apparently necessary for the development of IBN, and under these conditions K affects the degree of severity. It is suggested that the higher K concentrations enhanced Mn toxicity by lowering the threshold for Mn-induced IBN, while Ca responded as a detoxifying agent. Low concentrations of B and P may contribute to IBN development, while Mg and Fe were not related to symptom development.
Growth of Lettuce Under Controlled Humidity Levels1
Authors: Tibbitts T. W. , Bottenberg G.
Published: August 2022

The influence of atmospheric moisture levels of 85% and 50% relative humidity (RH) (3.5 and 11.6 mb saturation vapor deficit respectively) at 20°C for 16:8 long day (LD) cycle on butterhead lettuce, (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Meikoningen), during a growth period of 4 weeks from seeding, was studied in organic soil and liquid cultures. Significantly faster growth rates were evident on plants developing under 85% RH than under 50% in both soil and liquid culture with the largest increases occurring with plants grown in soil culture. The higher humidity level increased leaf number 15%, leaf size 30%, dry weights 62%, and leaf water contents from 93% to 94%. The differences in leaf number and dry weight equalled about 2 days growth difference at 4 weeks after seeding. The density of stomata was greater on plants grown under 50% RH but the total number of stomata per leaf under the 2 humidity levels was the same. The leaf resistance was significantly higher on plants grown under 50% than under 85% RH. The principle significance of high humidity level during growth of lettuce is the production of larger marketable heads with a higher water content in a slighly reduced period of time.
Trickle Irrigation of Shade Trees Growing in the Nursery: II. Influence on Root Distribution1
Authors: Ponder H. G. , Kenworthy A. L.
Published: August 2022

The relationship of trickle irrigation to root distribution was evaluated with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) and pin oak (Quercus palustris Muench.). Treatments were 5.7 liters per hour and no supplemental water. Trees were dug with a 66-inch tree space in 1974. The root system of each tree was cut into 15 cm concentric cylinders around the trunk. Roots were divided into those greater than 2 mm and those less than 2 mm in diameter. Fresh weight determinations were made with each root size classification in each zone.

Irrigation did not alter root system depth. Irrigated sugar maple had more fibrous roots (on a weight basis) and irrigated honey locust had more large roots than check trees. Irrigated pin oak had more fibrous roots and more large roots. Root systems of irrigated and non-irrigated trees were distributed in the same volume of soil.
Cultural Practices Affect Cold Hardiness and Peach Tree Short Life1
Authors: Nesmith William C. , Dowler William M.
Published: August 2022

To determine whether cold hardiness of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is affected by cultural practices, 2-year-old ‘Coronet’ trees growing in a peach tree short-life site were treated by soil fumigation with 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) late fall application of nitrogen, combination of fumigation and fall applied nitrogen, fall pruning (November), or usual grower practices (control). Cold hardiness was measured by determining the leakage of electrolytes from dormant terminal twig sections exposed to low temperatures, and visually by oxidative browning and ease of phloem-xylem separation. Fall-pruned trees were lower in cold hardiness and survival than controls. Nitrogen applied alone or in combination with fumigation reduced cold hardiness in early winter but increased vigor and survival. Trees grown in fumigated soil and winter-pruned were hardier than control trees and fall-pruned trees in nonfumigated soil. Differences in hardiness were greatest near bloom time. Cultural practices strongly affected cold hardiness of xylem, phloem, and cambium of treated trees, and cold hardiness was associated with tree longevity.
Effects of Mite Population Density on ‘Newtown’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Tree Performance1
Authors: Zwick R. W. , Fields G. J. , Mellenthin W. M.
Published: August 2022

Population levels of spider mites, principally European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), were regulated on ‘Newtown’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees for 4 years. Seasonal fruit sizing and firmness, terminal shoot growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and folio wing-year fruit set were evaluated against mite feeding intensity. Only leaf chlorophyll content of both cultivars and fruit firmness of ‘Golden Delicious’ were unfavorably influenced by mite feeding. Vigorous-growing, nonstressed apple trees possess a relatively high tolerance to seasonal average mite densities of ca. 30 mites/leaf without adverse effects.
Inheritance of Compact Growth Type in Apple1
Authors: Lapins K. O.
Published: August 2022

Test crosses within the progeny of ‘Golden Delicious’ × ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ confirmed the hypothesis that the typical growth habit of ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ is determined by a single dominant gene, Co. A small but consistent deficiency in the compact class suggested the presence of modifier gene or genes. Two independently originated natural mutants, ‘McIntosh Wijcik’ and ‘McIntosh Bendig’, were considered identical. The compact-growth seedlings, particularly the homozygous dominant genotypes from backcrosses and sib-crosses, constitute valuable breeding material. Compact segregates, evaluated as mature trees, were deemed to be suitable for very dense plantings.
Cold Hardiness of Flower Buds from Selected Highbush Blueberry Cultivars (Vaccinium australe Small)1
Authors: Bittenbender B. C. , Howell G. S.
Published: August 2022

Flower bud hardiness of seven commercial highbush blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium australe Small) was determined from fall to spring for two consecutive years. Hardiness was expressed as T50, estimated by Spearman-Kärber equations. The T50 values for cultivars showed good agreement with spring field survival. Distal buds were less hardy than proximal buds on the same twig. The Average Exotherm (AET) methods were more variable than the T50 method for determining flower bud hardiness.
Inheritance of an Extreme Dwarf Plant Type in the Cucumber1
Authors: Kauffman C. S. , Lower R. L.
Published: August 2022

An extreme dwarf plant type in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is controlled by the homozygous recessive state of a simply inherited gene, designated cp for compact. The dominant allele yields the standard vine type plant. The gene is inherited independently from the gene for determinate dwarf habit, de. The mode of action of the recessive allele, cp, is to reduce the length of the individual internodes, but it apparently has little effect on the total number of internodes. Seed size of fruits from compact plants is also reduced.
Effect of Daminozide on Growth, Maturity, Quality and Yield of Sweet Cherries1
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: August 2022

Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) effectively retarded growth of vigorous young trees of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) if applied at rates above 4000 ppm and more than a month after bloom. It was relatively ineffective at 2000 ppm and within 2 weeks of bloom. Color, soluble solids, size and firmness of treated fruit were the same as on untreated fruit harvested 4 days later. Yield of ‘Bing’ was slightly increased. Daminozide induced “June” drop of ‘Bing’ and ‘Chinook’ and should be recognized as. a thinning agent on cherries. Treated cherries were more subject to post-harvest decay during 4 weeks’ storage at 0—2°C. Uniformity of color was increased slightly but significantly. There appeared to be no delerterious long-term effects of daminozide to sweet cherry trees.