bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Surface Electromyography to Evaluate Effects of Therapeutic Methods on Masticatory Muscle Activity in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Narrative Review
Authors: Dorosz Tomasz , Mańko Aleksandra , Ginszt Michał
Published: February 2024

The presented narrative review aims to present the impact of therapeutic methods on the masticatory muscle activity measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Original interventional studies with baseline data for diagnosed TMD groups with full-text articles in English published in scientific journals in the last ten years were included in the evaluation process. The following narrative review considered only clinical, controlled, and randomized studies. Articles that included the following parameters were qualified for this review: adult participants, diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder, the presence of a musculoskeletal dysfunction, no other severe comorbidities, use of therapeutic interventions, and sEMG measurement before and after the intervention. Ten papers were accepted and analyzed for the final evaluation in the presented review. Several studies using surface electromyographic examination prove the effectiveness of various therapies to normalize the bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles, either reduction during rest or increase during a functional task in patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders. This narrative review shows the influence of manual and physical treatments on electromyographic masticatory muscle activity, including soft tissue mobilization, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, low-level laser therapy, and moist heat therapy. Changes in masticatory muscle activity coincided with changes in TMD-associated pain and range of mandibular mobility.
Longitudinal Measurements of Blood Biomarkers in Patients with Crohn’s Disease or Ulcerative Colitis Treated with Infliximab: Only the Latest Values in the Induction Period Predict Treatment Failure
Authors: Gradel Kim Oren , Nørgård Bente Mertz , Friedman Sonia , Kjeldsen Jens , Larsen Michael Due
Published: February 2024

Background: Few studies have incorporated longitudinal assessments or used combinations of blood biomarkers as predictors of loss of response to biologic therapy for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods: This is a population-based cohort study comprising Danish patients with CD or UC from 2008 to 2018. We used logistic regression to analyze whether levels and changes in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, and hemoglobin, routinely measured during a 14-week infliximab induction period, predicted a change to another biologic medication or cessation of biologic therapy. Results: During the induction period, 2883 (1626 CD, 1257 UC) patients had 12,730, 12,040, and 13,538 specimens with CRP, serum albumin, and hemoglobin, respectively. In all, 284 patients (9.9%) switched to another biologic medication, and 139 (4.8%) ceased biologic therapy in the follow-up period. Only the most recent CRP and hemoglobin levels predicted the efficacy of infliximab treatment at approximately 14 weeks, a time point when the clinician often determines whether to continue treatment. Conclusion: Measurement of blood biomarkers prior to the clinical assessment does not predict the effectiveness of infliximab.
Gastrointestinal Disorders and Atopic Dermatitis in Infants in the First Year of Life According to ROME IV Criteria—A Possible Association with the Mode of Delivery and Early Life Nutrition
Authors: Ziętek Maciej , Szczuko Małgorzata , Machałowski Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders are very common condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implications of the mode of pregnancy termination and early infant feeding on the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders and atopic dermatitis at birth and 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Methods: This study included 82 pregnant women and their newborns born at term. All newborns were examined at birth and 3, 6, and 12 months of age according to the ROME IV criteria. Results: In children born after cesarean section, the incidence of regurgitation was significantly higher. In children fed mostly or exclusively with formula, dry skin with allergic features was observed more often compared to breastfed children, but this relation was statistically significant only at the age of 12 months. The use of antibiotic therapy increased the risk of allergic skin lesions by almost seven times at 3 months of life. Gastrointestinal disorders in the form of regurgitation, colic, and constipation occur within the period of up to 12 months of the child’s life and may be related to the mode of the termination of pregnancy via cesarean section and the use of artificial feeding or antibiotic therapy. The occurrence of atopic dermatitis in infants at 12 months of life is correlated with the mode of the termination of pregnancy after cesarean section. Conclusions: One of the risk factors for the occurrence of atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal disorders in the period up to 12 months of the child’s life may be a cesarean section and the use of formula feeding or antibiotic therapy.
Reverse Septal Movement: A Step Forward in the Comprehension of the Underlying Causes
Authors: Diviggiano Enrico Emilio , Rosi Sara , Landra Federico , Marallo Carmine , Scoppa Cristina , Castellani Debora , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Pastore Maria Concetta , Cavigli Luna , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Cameli Matteo , Focardi Marta
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Reverse septal movement (RSM) often occurs after cardiac surgery, consisting of a paradoxical systolic movement of the interventricular septum. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate possible determinants of RSM after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). (2) Methods: Patients who underwent CABG with on- or off-pump techniques at our center from March 2019 to October 2021 were retrospectively included. Exclusion criteria were: exposure to combined procedures (e.g., valve implantation), prior cardiac surgery, intraventricular conduction delays, and previous pacemaker implantation. Laboratory tests and echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration data were collected. (3) Results: We enrolled 138 patients, of whom 32 (23.2%) underwent off-pump CABG. Approximately 89.1% of the population was male; the mean age was 70 ± 11 years. There was no difference in RSM incidence in patients undergoing the off-pump and on-pump techniques (71.9% vs. 62.3%; p = 0.319). In patients undergoing on-pump surgery, the incidence of RSM was slightly higher in longer CPB procedures (OR 1.02 (1.00–1.03) p = 0.012), and clamping aortic time was also greater (OR 1.02 (1.00–1.03) p = 0.042). (4) Conclusions: CPB length seems to be correlated with a higher RSM appearance. This better knowledge of RSM reinforces the safety of CABG and its neutral effect on global biventricular function.
Effectiveness of a Web-Guided Self-Managed Telerehabilitation Program Enhanced with Outdoor Physical Activity on Physical Function, Physical Activity Levels and Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Moutzouri Maria , Koumantakis George A. , Hurley Michael , Kladouchou Aggeliki Georgia , Gioftsos George
Published: February 2024

Background: Telerehabilitation to guide self-management has been shown to be a feasible care strategy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a blended web-based rehabilitation program enhanced with outdoor physical activity (BWR-OPA) and consultation versus an OPA (usual care) program in KOA patients. Methods: Forty-four KOA participants were prescribed to follow the programs five times/week for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was self-reported physical function, measured by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). The secondary outcomes were pain, PA, function (timed up-and-go (TUG) test, 30 s chair rise test (30 s CRT)), psychological functioning and QoL. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups’ KOOSs for pain and symptom subscales at the 6- and 12-week post-intervention assessments compared to baseline (p < 0.005) favoring the BWR-OPA group. There was a superior improvement in PA in the BWR-OPA training group (p < 0.05). Statistical and clinical improvements were found (p < 0.001) with effect sizes over 2.0 for objective measures of function. Similar improvements were recorded over time (p < 0.005) at 12 weeks for QoL, KOOS subscales for ADL, QoL and sports/recreation and psychological functioning for both groups. Conclusions: A blended web-based self-managed care program with outdoor PA was superior in many respects to usual care in KOA participants.
The Role of Early Intubation in Status Epilepticus with Out-of-Hospital Onset: A Large Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Turcato Gianni , Giovannini Giada , Lattanzi Simona , Orlandi Niccolò , Turchi Giulia , Zaboli Arian , Brigo Francesco , Meletti Stefano
Published: February 2024

Background: this study aimed to evaluate the role of early airway management and intubation in status epilepticus (SE) with out-of-hospital onset. Methods: We included all patients with out-of-hospital SE onset referred to the emergency department of the Academic Hospital of Modena between 2013 and 2021. Patients were compared according to out-of-hospital airway management (intubation versus non-intubation) and a propensity score was performed for clinical variables unevenly distributed between the two groups. Results: We evaluated 711 patients with SE. A total of 397 patients with out-of-hospital SE onset were eventually included; of these, 20.4% (81/397) were intubated before arrival at the hospital. No difference was found in the clinical characteristics of patients after propensity score matching. The 30-day mortality in the propensity group was 19.4% (14/72), and no difference was found between intubated (7/36, 19.4%) and non-intubated (7/36, 19.4%) patients. No difference was found in SE cessation. Compared to non-intubated patients, those who underwent out-of-hospital intubation had a higher risk of progression to refractory or super-refractory SE, greater worsening of mRS values between hospital discharge and admission, and lower probability of returning to baseline condition at 30 days after SE onset. Conclusions: Early intubation for out-of-hospital SE onset is not associated with improved patient survival even after balancing for possible confounders. Further studies should evaluate the timing of intubation and its association with first-line treatments for SE and their efficacy. In addition, they should focus on the settings and the exact reasons leading to intubation to better inform early management of SE with out-of-hospital onset.
CLR (C-Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio) Served as a Promising Predictive Biomarker for Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH): A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Ke , Khan Dilaware , Fischer Igor , Hänggi Daniel , Cornelius Jan F. , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: February 2024

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease. Even after state-of-the-art treatment patients suffer from complications, including cerebral vasospasm (CVS), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and chronic hydrocephalus (CH) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The aim of our study is to identify the predictive value of the C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio (CLR) for neurological functional outcome and complications after aSAH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 166 aSAH patients who met the inclusion criteria enrolled in our study. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent risk factors. The predictive value of different models was compared by calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: On-admission levels of CLR in patients with poor outcomes (6 months mRS 3–6), CVS, DCI, and CH were significantly higher than those in patients with good outcomes (6 months mRS 0–2), non-CVS, non-DCI, and non-CH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that admission CLR was independently associated with CVS (OR [95% CI] 2.116 [1.507–2.971]; p < 0.001), and DCI (OR [95% CI] 1.594 [1.220–2.084]; p = 0.001). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of CLR for poor outcomes (6 months mRS 3–6), CVS, DCI, and CH prediction were (AUC [95% CI] 0.639 [0.555–0.724]; p = 0.002), (AUC [95% CI] 0.834 [0.767–0.901]; p < 0.001), (AUC [95% CI] 0.679 [0.581–0.777]; p < 0.001), and (AUC [95% CI] 0.628 [0.543–0.713]; p = 0.005) revealing that admission CLR had a favorable predictive value for CVS after aSAH. The sensitivity and specificity of admission CLR for CVS prediction were 77.1% and 75.4%. On-admission CLR of 0.757 mg × 10−6 was identified as the best cutoff threshold to discriminate between CVS and non-CVS (CVS: CLR < 0.757 mg × 10−6 11/100 [11.0%] vs. CLR ≥ 0.757 mg × 10−6 37/66 [56.1%]; p < 0.001). Conclusions: High levels of on-admission CLR serve as an independent risk factor for CVS and DCI after aSAH. Admission CLR is an easy-to-quantify laboratory parameter that efficiently predicts the CVS after aSAH, which can provide some guidance for clinicians to evaluate for possible progression and treatment strategies in patients with aSAH.
A Multidimensional Approach to Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball through Declarative Tactical Knowledge and Functional Fitness
Authors: Sgrò Francesco , Quinto Antonella , Lipoma Mario , Stodden David
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to assess which multidimensional performance indexes were the best predictors of talent identification in volleyball. Fifty-five female players (age: 13.8 ± 1.81 years; mass: 55.12 ± 8.12 kg; height: 158.23 ± 7.62 cm) were clustered into two groups according to some physical characteristics (i.e., the first group included players with more favorable performance predictors). Musculoskeletal Fitness (MSF), Functional Motor Competence (FMC), and Declarative Tactical Knowledge (DTK) were measured as multidimensional indexes of performance. Moderate-to-large differences between groups were found for each index in favor of the first group. Regression analyses were performed to examine the variance explained by MSF, FMC, and DTK in the two groups. A model with FMC components explained slightly more variance in the group predictor variables (R2 = 0.53) than a model using only MSF components (R2 = 0.45). Among FMC components, the score of the Throw-and-Catch test resulted in the best predictor (Odds Ratio = 1.58) for determining group selection, followed by the score of the Supine-to-Stand-and-Go test (Odds Ratio = 0.02). An additional model composed by MSF and FMC significant predictors (i.e., functional fitness index) and DTK explained 63% of the variance (R2 = 0.63), and these were significant predictors of group membership (Odds Ratio = 6.32 and Odds Ratio = 1.51, respectively). A more comprehensive multidimensional analysis of youth performances is warranted to identify and monitor the best players in a youth volleyball context.
Experiments on Cavitation Control around a Cylinder Using Biomimetic Riblets
Authors: Kadivar Ebrahim , Dawoodian Mazyar , Lin Yuxing , el Moctar Ould
Published: February 2024

Experimental investigations were conducted to uncover the impact of cavitation control—through the use of biomimetic riblets on cavitating flows around a circular cylinder. First, the dynamics of cavitation in the flow behind a finite cylinder (without riblets) was unveiled by visualizing the cavitation clouds and measuring the lift force fluctuations acting on the cylinder. Second, in a significant step forward, a comprehensive explanation was provided for the cavitation control methods using two bio-inspired riblet morphologies positioned in different orientations and locations on the cylinder. For the first time, the impacts of these tiny formations on the flow dynamics and the associated cavitation process were scrutinized. This showed that scalloped riblets, with their curved design, induced secondary vortices near their tips and distorted primary streamwise vortices, and that high velocity gradients near the jagged pattern peaks of sawtooth riblets delayed flow separation, which affected cavitation.
The Impact of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure on Financial Risk: The Case of Listed Companies in the Vietnam Stock Market
Authors: La Soa Nguyen , Duy Do Duc , Thanh Hang Tran Thi , Ha Nguyen Dieu
Published: February 2024

This research study aims to assess the impact of environmental accounting information disclosure on financial risk within the context of Vietnam’s stock market. The data collection process involved 60 non-financial companies, carefully selected from both the pool of 100 Sustainable Companies listed in the “Programme on Benchmarking and Announcing Sustainable Companies in Vietnam (CSI)”, as organized by VBCSD, and companies outside this list. The data span a timeframe from 2018 to 2022. Afterward, we utilize regression models to assess relationships and employ the t-test to evaluate differences. The results indicate that environmental accounting information disclosure has an inverse effect on the financial risk of the current year and the following year. This implies that companies that are more transparent and proactive in reporting their environmental performance are likely to experience decreased financial risk. Furthermore, the results also show differences in financial risk between the group of companies within the “100 Sustainable Companies” list and the group of companies outside this list. This disparity underscores the potential financial benefits of being recognized as a sustainable company. Based on the findings, the research team has provided several recommendations to enhance environmental accounting information disclosure and awareness.
Assessing Plant Resource Utilization across Wet and Dry Landscapes in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Souza André dos Santos , Chaves Leonardo da Silva , Elias Letícia , Moura Joelson Moreno Brito de , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino
Published: February 2024

The present study aimed to assess the potential impact of total species richness on the functional redundancy, utility, and versatility of plant species. For this purpose, two study areas were delineated, a wet forest and a dry forest, where phytosociological surveys were conducted. The results indicate parity in terms of the proportion of useful species between the areas. In line with our initial expectations, our findings revealed greater versatility among species in the less rich area; thus, more uses were attributed to a single species. We found no significant relationship between utilitarian redundancy and the analyzed environments in any of the plant use categories. Based on the evidence gathered, we believe that resource selection by human communities might ultimately be conditioned by local species availability rather than by underlying utilitarian potential.
Preserving Heritage Language in Turkish Families in the USA
Authors: Inan Seyma , Nisanci Aslihan , Harris Yvette
Published: February 2024

A dearth of research concerning Turkish immigrant families in the United States exists, prompting this study’s focus. This research aims to illuminate the influence of parental language attitudes among Turkish immigrants on their motivation to foster the preservation of their heritage language (HL) in their children, alongside an exploration of the strategies employed for HL retention. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 parents (16 mothers and 4 fathers), with each interview spanning 15–20 min. The interviews, conducted individually by the primary author in Turkish and later translated into English, unveiled a spectrum of parental language attitudes, impacting their motivation to uphold HL. Variances in motivation were observed, intertwined with factors such as home and community environments, parental acculturation experiences, perceptions regarding the relationship between culture and language, and the perceived advantages of bilingualism for children’s cognitive development and future prospects. Despite differing motivations, all parents expressed a desire to preserve HL, prompting the deployment of diverse Heritage Language Management Strategies (HLMS). This study significantly contributes to the understanding of how parental attitudes shape HL preservation efforts within families, offering insights crucial to the field of HL and family language policy, thereby highlighting implications for practice and further research.
A Renaissance of Civic Education and Civic Engagement in Higher Education in the Spirit of the American Founders and Constitutionalism
Authors: Cooper Kody W.
Published: February 2024

A growing number of states have responded to negative trends in civic knowledge, trust, and engagement by creating new institutes or schools at state universities, with the express aim of reinvigorating civic education and thoughtful, engaged citizenship. In seeking to increase civic knowledge, champion viewpoint diversity, model civil discussion of ideas, combat polarization, and embrace the civic responsibilities of higher education, these institutes can be seen as carrying forward the American founders’ vision of civic education, the moral foundations of law and constitutionalism, and the constitutional principles of free speech and federalism.
Effect of Vision and Surface Slope on Postural Sway in Healthy Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aghapour Masoud , Affenzeller Nadja , Peham Christian , Lutonsky Christiane , Tichy Alexander , Bockstahler Barbara
Published: February 2024

Postural stability requires an interaction between cognitive, perceptual, sensory, and motor functions. Thus, impairment in any of these systems may affect postural balance. This study assessed the effect of visual input and surface slope on postural stability. The study was conducted on healthy participants, 11 females and 11 males who were 24–34 years of age. They were asked to perform still upright bipedal standing on flat and +/−20° sloped surfaces with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC). Six center of pressure (COP) parameters were measured by posturography. A significant relationship was observed between COP parameters, standing conditions, and body mass index. Gender had no significant effect on the COP. The loss of visual input within each standing condition did not affect the COP parameters. In contrast, differences were observed between standing on a flat surface and uphill with EC and between standing on a flat surface and downhill with EC and EO. When the participants were standing on inclined surfaces, the loss of vision significantly increased the postural instability. Young healthy adults demonstrated the greatest difficulty in standing uphill with EC. This was followed by standing downhill with EC and standing downhill with EO.
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Vitis vinifera Extracts in Breast Cell Lines
Authors: Tsantila Evgenia Maria , Esslinger Nils , Christou Maria , Papageorgis Panagiotis , Neophytou Christiana M.
Published: February 2024

Vitis vinifera extracts have been shown to possess antioxidant activity because of their polyphenol content. In addition, their therapeutic potential against several diseases, including cancer, has been reported. In this study, we produced twelve extracts from the seeds, fruit, leaves, and wood of the Vitis vinifera Airen variety using different extraction methodologies and measured their total polyphenol content (TPC). We also determined their antioxidant and antiproliferative effects against normal cells and evaluated the most potent extract against a panel of breast cancer cell lines. We found that the extracts produced by the seeds of Vitis vinifera had a higher TPC compared to the other parts of the plant. Most extracts produced from seeds had antioxidant activity and did not show cytotoxicity against normal breast cells. The extract produced from whole organic seeds of white grape showed the best correlation between the dose and the ROS inhibition at all time points compared to the other seed extracts and also had antiproliferative properties in estrogen-receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Its mechanism of action involves inhibition of proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin, and induction of apoptosis. Further investigation of the constituents and activity of Vitis vinifera extracts may reveal potential pharmacological applications of this plant.
Targeting Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis: An Overview of Underlying Mechanisms, Molecular Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Intervention
Authors: D’Agnano Vito , Mariniello Domenica Francesca , Ruotolo Michela , Quarcio Gianluca , Moriello Alessandro , Conte Stefano , Sorrentino Antonio , Sanduzzi Zamparelli Stefano , Bianco Andrea , Perrotta Fabio
Published: February 2024

Interstitial lung diseases comprise a heterogenous range of diffuse lung disorders, potentially resulting in pulmonary fibrosis. While idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has been recognized as the paradigm of a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease, other conditions with a progressive fibrosing phenotype characterized by a significant deterioration of the lung function may lead to a burden of significant symptoms, a reduced quality of life, and increased mortality, despite treatment. There is now evidence indicating that some common underlying biological mechanisms can be shared among different chronic fibrosing disorders; therefore, different biomarkers for disease-activity monitoring and prognostic assessment are under evaluation. Thus, understanding the common pathways that induce the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, comprehending the diversity of these diseases, and identifying new molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets remain highly crucial assignments. The purpose of this review is to examine the main pathological mechanisms regulating the progression of fibrosis in interstitial lung diseases and to provide an overview of potential biomarker and therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis.
Social Network Analysis: Applications and New Metrics for Supply Chain Management—A Literature Review
Authors: Bento Ana Isabel , Cruz Carla , Fernandes Gabriela , Ferreira Luís Miguel D. F.
Published: February 2024

Background: Supply chains, characterized by complexity and sensitivity, require continuous mapping to address challenges, particularly disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, Social Network Analysis (SNA) has proven valuable in analyzing how actors in a network connect and create interdependencies. However, some studies suggest that the SNA literature needs to embrace new fields of application and develop innovative metrics. Methods: The aim of this study is to clarify the role and contribution of SNA when characterizing and understanding the challenges of contemporary supply chains. A literature review was conducted to achieve this. Results: The results reveal that SNA has been applied in a wide variety of areas (e.g., manufacturing and construction sectors), with an emerging application in the tertiary sector. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that metrics related to the network and to nodes have been used repeatedly, highlighting the need for new supply-chain-related metrics, such as the novel concept of semi-directedness. Conclusions: Despite the versatility of SNA, some aspects may limit its application to supply chain management, including shortcomings in data acquisition and the fact that SNA only allows for the visualization of network configurations, thus preventing the capture of nuances that characterize the relationships between the actors involved.
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Other Industry 4.0 Technologies in Spare Parts Warehousing in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Khan Natalia , Solvang Wei Deng , Yu Hao
Published: February 2024

Background: Spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry is essential for offshore production. With the introduction of Industry 4.0 and its subsequent technological tools, new functions are enabled in industrial logistics activities. Efficiency, visibility, optimization, and productivity are often mentioned as benefits of successful Industry 4.0 technology implementation in logistics activities. In this paper, the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry is studied. Method: 133 peer-reviewed journal publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science are analyzed in a systematic literature review. The review is structured as frequency and content analysis. Aim: As there is limited research on this specific topic, the aim is for this paper to be a theoretical foundation that assists the industry with future solutions. Results: The list of benefits of implementation gathered from the literature is comprehensive. However, the list of challenges is particularly pertinent to the oil and gas industry and indicates a strong inclination towards limited and controlled implementation of some technologies. The safety demands of the industry mean there are many limitations to implementation currently. Conclusions: This paper reflects on the results, identifies research gaps, and gives proposals for future research.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Jadoon Yamna , Patil Goutham , Loke Chandravathi , Bhardwaj Prarthna V.
Published: February 2024

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is a monoclonal lymphoid neoplasm that is mainly characterized by multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells on a background of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells. The incidence rate of Hodgkin’s lymphoma is 2.5 new cases per 100,000 people per year (1). Paraneoplastic syndromes are conditions that are related to malignancy; however, they are not a result of tumor invasion or compression of malignant tissues. These paraneoplastic syndromes can occur virtually at any point in the disease course, and paraneoplastic syndromes in HL and their various forms are not well studied. In this review article, we will be discussing paraneoplastic syndromes in general and then delve into specific syndromes seen in HL, followed by a brief discourse regarding their early recognition and timely management.
Enhancing the Design of Experiments on the Fatigue Life Characterisation of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics by Incorporating Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Witzgall Christian , Ashhab Moh’d Sami , Wartzack Sandro
Published: February 2024

Fatigue life testing is a complex and costly matter, especially in the case of fibre-reinforced thermoplastics, where other parameters in addition to force alone must be taken into account. The number of tests required therefore increases significantly, especially if the influence of different fibre orientations is to be taken into account. It is therefore important to gain the greatest possible amount of knowledge from the limited number of available tests. In order to achieve this, this study aims to utilise adaptive sampling, which is used in numerous areas of computational engineering, for the design of experiments on fatigue life testing. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are therefore trained on data for the short-fibre-reinforced material PBT GF30, and their areas of greatest model uncertainty are queried. This was undertaken with ANNs from various numbers of hidden layers, which were analysed for their performance. The ideal case turned out to be four hidden layers, for which a squared error as small as 1 × 10−3 was recorded. Locally resolved, the ANN was used to identify the region of greatest uncertainty for samples of vertical orientation and small numbers of cycles. With information such as this, additional data can be obtained in such uncertain regions in order to improve the model prediction—almost halving the recorded error to only 0.55 × 10−3. In this way, a model of comparable value can be found with less experimental effort, or a model of better quality can be set up with the same experimental effort.
Numerical Material Testing of Mineral-Impregnated Carbon Fiber Reinforcement for Concrete
Authors: Zernsdorf Kai , Mechtcherine Viktor , Curbach Manfred , Bösche Thomas
Published: February 2024

This work was dedicated to the simulation of fiber composite structures consisting of carbon fibers and mineral impregnation. The aim of this study was to generate a micromodel that predicts the properties of a mineral-impregnated carbon fiber reinforcement. The numerical characterization was based on the discrete microscopic modeling of the individual phases using a representative volume element. In addition, the stochastic nature of the fiber strength, the anisotropic damage mechanisms of the brittle matrix, and the non-linear bonding behavior between the filaments and the matrix were considered in the material models. The material models were adjusted based on the literature sources and our own experimental investigations. This was followed by the validation of the representative volume element, quantifying the evolution of stiffness and damage under longitudinal tensile loading. The numerical results of material stiffness, as well as the tensile strength of the representative volume element, were compared with the results of the experimental investigations. To verify the robustness of the numerical model, significant model parameters were subjected to a sensitivity analysis.
Experimental Research on Fatigue Behavior of Reinforced UHPC-NC Composite Beams under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Wang Jue , Ji Wenyu , Li Wangwang , Zhao Tibo
Published: February 2024

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), a new cement-based material that offers high mechanical strength and good durability, has been widely applied in construction and rehabilitation projects in recent years. An optimum bending system is achieved by positioning the UHPC layer at the bottom tensile zone of the composite beam and placing the normal-strength concrete (NC) layer at the upper compression zone, which is described as the UHPC-NC composite beam. The fatigue behavior of reinforced UHPC-NC composite beams was described in this study, with an emphasis on the effects of UHPC layer thickness and fatigue load level on the fatigue life of the beam, deformation of the interface between UHPC and NC layers, as well as the bending stiffness of the beam. A total of 9 reinforced UHPC-NC composite beams were tested under cyclic loading. The test variables include UHPC layer thicknesses (zero, 200, and 360 mm), reinforcement ratios (1.184% and 1.786%), and the upper load levels (0.39~0.65). The results showed that good bonding had been achieved without delamination between UHPC and NC layers prior to the final fatigue failure of the beam, and the bending stiffness of the composite beam experienced a three-stage reduction under cyclic loading. Furthermore, an equation was proposed to predict the stiffness reduction coefficient of UHPC-NC composite beams under cyclic loading.
Application of Activated Carbons Obtained from Polymer Waste for the Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Jedynak Katarzyna , Charmas Barbara
Published: February 2024

Plastic waste disposal is a major environmental problem worldwide. One recycling method for polymeric materials is their conversion into carbon materials. Therefore, a process of obtaining activated carbons through the carbonization of waste CDs (as the selected carbon precursor) in an oxygen-free atmosphere, and then the physical activation of the obtained material with CO2, was developed. Dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) are commonly applied in industry, which contaminate the water environment to a large extent and have a harmful effect on living organisms; therefore, adsorption studies were carried out for these cationic dyes. The effects of the activation time on the physicochemical properties of the activated materials and the adsorption capacity of the dyes were investigated. The obtained microporous adsorbents were characterized by studying the porous structure based on low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), elemental analysis (CHNS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), thermal analysis (TG, DTG, DTA), Boehm’s titration method, and pHpzc (the point of zero charge) determination. Moreover, adsorption studies (equilibrium and kinetics) were carried out. The maximum adsorption capacities (qm exp) of MB and MG (349 mg g−1 and 274 mg g−1, respectively) were identified for the obtained material after 8 h of activation. The results show that the use of waste CDs as a carbon precursor facilitates the production of low-cost and effective adsorbents.
Core–Shell Rubber Nanoparticle-Modified CFRP/Steel Ambient-Cured Adhesive Joints: Curing Kinetics and Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Okeola Abass Abayomi , Hernandez-Limon Jorge E. , Tatar Jovan
Published: February 2024

Externally bonded wet-layup carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening systems are extensively used in concrete structures but have not found widespread use in deficient steel structures. To address the challenges of the adhesive bonding of wet-layup CFRP to steel substrates, this study investigated the effect of core–shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles on the curing kinetics, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties of ambient-cured epoxy/CSR blends. The effects of silane coupling agent and CSR on the adhesive bond properties of CFRP/steel joints were also investigated. The results indicate that CSR nanoparticles have a mild catalytic effect on the curing kinetics of epoxy under ambient conditions. The effect of CSR on the Tg of epoxy was negligible. Epoxy adhesives modified with 5 to 20%wt. of CSR nanoparticles were characterized with improved ductility over brittle neat epoxy; however, the addition of CSR nanoparticles reduced tensile strength and modulus of the adhesives. An up to 250% increase in the single-lap shear strength of CFRP/steel joints was accomplished in CSR-modified joints over neat epoxy adhesive joints.
Experimental Studies on the Effect of Expired Amiodarone Drug (EAD) as a Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl
Authors: Sheit H. Mohamed Kasim , Kani S. Musthafa , Sathiq M. Anwar , Abuthahir S. S. Syed , Subhapriya P. , Nivedhitha K. S. , Umarfarooq M. A. , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Kamangar Sarfaraz , Shaik Abdul Saddique
Published: February 2024

In the present investigation, the corrosion tendency of mild steel under acidic pH was studied by employing unused expired amiodarone (EAD) drug as a potential corrosion inhibitor by adopting the weight loss measurement method. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of the formed protective film (EAD) on the steel surface was analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization and AC-impedance spectroscopy studies. The surface morphology of the mild steel before and after corrosion (in 1.0 M HCl) was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDAX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermodynamic studies. The weight loss measurement under different concentrations of EAD indicated that an excellent inhibition was displayed at a concentration of 0.001 M, and the IE was found to depend on both the concentration and molecular structure of EAD. A potentiodynamic polarization study revealed that EAD predominantly acted as a cathode inhibitor, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the adsorption of EAD on the surface of mild steel, which obeyed Temkin’s adsorption isotherm model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.
Manufacture and Deformation Angle Control of a Two-Direction Soft Actuator Integrated with SMAs
Authors: Acevedo-Velazquez Aline , Wang Zhenbi , Winkler Anja , Modler Niels , Röbenack Klaus
Published: February 2024

In this contribution, the development of a 3D-printed soft actuator integrated with shape memory alloys (SMA) wires capable of bending in two directions is presented. This work discusses the design, manufacturing, modeling, simulation, and feedback control of the actuator. The SMA wires are encased in Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes and then integrated into the 3D-printed matrix made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). To measure and control the deformation angle of the soft actuator, a computer vision system was implemented. Based on the experimental results, a mathematical model was developed using the system identification method and simulated to describe the dynamics of the actuator, contributing to the design of a controller. However, achieving precise control of the deformation angle in systems actuated by SMA wires is challenging due to their inherent nonlinearities and hysteretic behavior. A proportional-integral (PI) controller was designed to address this challenge, and its effectiveness was validated through real experiments.
Monitoring of Rubber Belt Material Performance and Damage
Authors: Ryba Tomasz , Bzinkowski Damian , Siemiątkowski Zbigniew , Rucki Miroslaw , Stawarz Sylwester , Caban Jacek , Samociuk Waldemar
Published: February 2024

Conveyors play a very important role in modern manufacturing processes, and one of the most popular types is the belt conveyor. The main elements of a conveyor include a conveyor belt, roller sets, a supporting frame and a drive and control system. The reliable operation of the conveyor depends on the strength and durability of individual elements (especially the belt). Conveyor belts are made from various materials and have received a lot of attention in the scientific and research community. This article presents tests of the strength of the rubber belt material and its damage under load. The belt consists of two internal layers covered with a PVC coating on the outside, and the nominal belt thickness was 2 mm. In the experiment, various configurations of longitudinal and transverse damage were verified, and statistical methods were used to analyze the results. The obtained test results provided a new understanding of the propagation of conveyor belt damage and helped to improve the strain gauge-based monitoring system.
Preparation of Lanthanum-Modified Tea Waste Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance on Fluoride in Water
Authors: Li Wei , Xie Pengcheng , Zhou Haiyang , Zhao Huiying , Yang Bo , Xiong Jian
Published: February 2024

In this study, tea waste was used as a raw material, and TBC (tea waste biochar) was prepared by pyrolysis at 700 °C. La(NO3)3·6H2O was used as the modifier to optimize one-way modification; the orthogonal experiment was undertaken to determine the optimal preparation conditions; and La-TBC (lanthanum-modified biochar) was obtained. The key factors for the adsorption of fluoride by La-TBC were investigated by means of batch adsorption experiments, and kinetics and isothermal adsorption experiments were carried out on the adsorption of fluoride in geothermal hot spring water. The adsorption mechanism of fluoride by La-TBC was analyzed via characterization methods such as SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), XRD (X-ray diffraction), and so on. The results show that La-TBC had the best adsorption effect on fluoride at pH 7. The process of adsorption of fluoride follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal model, and the maximum theoretical adsorption quantity was 47.47 mg/g at 80 °C, while the removal rate of fluoride from the actual geothermal hot spring water reached more than 95%. The adsorption process was dominated by the monolayer adsorption of chemicals, and the mechanisms mainly include pore filling, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction.
Raman Study of 532-Nanometer Laser-Induced Degradation of Red Lead
Authors: Li Yan , Ma Junjie , He Kang , Wang Fengping
Published: February 2024

Red lead is commonly employed as a red pigment in numerous valuable cultural artifacts. Raman spectrometry has been widely employed as the primary tool in many nondestructive studies on red lead. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and study the impact of lasers on the pigment. The degradation of red lead induced by a 532 nm laser is investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. At room temperature, red lead begins to degrade into β-PbO when the power density of the 532 nm laser reaches approximately 5.1 × 104 W/cm2 (laser: 532 nm, objective: 50×). At this point, the temperature at the focus of the sample is estimated to be at least 500 °C, aided by the Raman peak shift of β-PbO. Furthermore, the power density of the laser-induced degradation decreases as the temperature of the red lead increases. Hence, the degradation of red lead can be attributed to the photothermal effect. The temperature rise can be explained by two factors. First, red lead exhibits a high absorbance of approximately 0.5942 at 532 nm. Second, red lead has significantly low thermal diffusivity and conductivity, measuring 0.039 mm2·s−1 and 0.078 W·m−1·K−1, respectively, which leads to heat accumulation at the focal point of the laser beam. To better preserve cultural heritage, the appropriate laser power should be prioritized when the degradation process is caused by the thermal effect of laser irradiation.
Experimental Investigation of Current Intensity and Feed Speed in Electrically Assisted Necking and Thickening of 5A02 Aluminum Alloy Tubes
Authors: Fan Yubin , Xu Xuefeng , Tao Ruichen , Luo Ming , Li Xiaodong , Wei Liming , Wu Shitian , Xiao Jie , Zeng Xiang
Published: February 2024

In order to further explore the forming limits of thin-wall tube necking and thickening, and obtain sufficient thickness of the tube in the thickening area, local electric pulse-assisted forming experiments were carried out to study the effects of current intensity and feed speed on the necking and thickening forming of thin-wall tube. The experimental results show that with the increase in current intensity, the temperature in the forming area of the tube increases, and the forming load for necking and thickening decreases. However, with the increase in feed speed, the overall forming load for necking and thickening increases in general, and the smaller feed speed is more conducive to forming. Taking into account the forming efficiency and electrode loss, the corresponding forming process window is obtained for the manufacturing of good parts. That is, during the necking stage, the current intensity shall not be less than 300 A, and the feed speed shall not exceed 10 mm/min. During the thickening stage, the current intensity should not be less than 1400 A, and the feed speed should not exceed 1 mm/min. The target part is finally formed, with an average wall thickness of 5.984 mm in the thickening zone and a thickening rate of 303.2%.