bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluoride Varnish Intervention for Caries Prevention in Resource-Limited African Settings- A review
Authors: Osadolor Obehi O , Osadolor Aisosa J
Published: May 2024

Background: Fluoride may not be available to some children in African countries due to the non-use of fluoride containing toothpaste, parental perception and awareness of the benefits of fluoride  in caries prevention and non-availability of fluoride in community and school water. Fluoride may also not be affordable for children of low socio-economic status in remote areas, slums areas and rural areas. Topical and systemic sources of fluoride, like fluoride drops, fluoride gel,fluoride solution, fluoride mouthrinses, fluoride tablets, and fluoride lozenges, may not be available in resource-poor countries.
Method:  An electronic literature search in Google Scholar, African journals online, Science direct and Google was done in August , 2023 using the Population, Concept and Context framework. Search terms and keywords were combined by Boolean operators. Two independent investigators  screened titles, abstracts and accessible full texts of publications on fluoride varnish use among African children.
Results: Full text was screened using inclusion criteria.  Three articles were included as they were assessed to meet the aim of the review. They were hospital based and school-based studies with comparative, prospective, interventional, and randomized clinical trial and cluster-randomized controlled community trials, respectively
Conclusion:  Fluoride varnish   can  be  an intervention for underserved children with white spot carious lesion  in  remote areas, slums areas and rural areas, and for non-cavitated carious lesions in resource poor  settings. It is simple to use with simple armamentarium, More studies from diverse ethnic population in African countries will fill the gaps in knowledge.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):28-30
Genomics in Personalized Dental Care
Authors: Iqbal Md Ashif , Islam S M Shahinul
Published: May 2024

The integration of genomics into dental care marks the advent of precision dentistry, offering transformative potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of oral diseases. Dental practitioners can discover predispositions to diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer and use this knowledge to tailor treatment. Customized therapies, early interventions, and preventative measures are made possible by genomic insights, which greatly enhance patient outcomes. To guarantee equal access, this encouraging change must address ethical issues, privacy concerns, and financial obstacles. With the progress of research and the growth of multidisciplinary collaborations, dentistry is set to usher in a new era of oral health management by providing more accurate, efficient, and customized patient treatment.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(1):1-3
ACHIEVING THE RESTORATION OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AS THE GOAL OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF A FINE FOR CRIMES WITH MATERIAL DAMAGE
Authors: Neshataev Vladimir , Djendjev Odsjer
Published: May 2024

One of the goals of criminal punishment is to restore social justice. The legislator does not disclose this goal, while the doctrine of criminal law offers various options regarding its understanding. With regard to crimes, as a result of which material damage is caused, the specified purpose is expressed in restoring the property fund of the injured person by bringing it to the state that it was before the theft was committed. From the point of view of the authors, the imposition of the main penalty in the form of a fine for committing a crime with material damage does not allow achieving the goal of restoring social justice. This is due to the fact that the entire amount of the fine is collected in the federal budget, no deductions are made to the injured person. At the same time, in order to restore the property losses suffered by the victim as a result of the crime committed, a civil claim is brought against the guilty person. In fact, in such a situation, the guilty person bears double financial responsibility: as part of the execution of criminal punishment in the form of a fine and satisfaction of the claims presented by the civil plaintiff. In order to ensure the achievability of the goal of restoring social justice, criminal punishment in the form of a fine for crimes with property damage and the exclusion of double liability of the guilty person, it seems advisable to establish at the legislative level the recovery of the fine amount not only to the state’s income, but also to the injured person.
ON SOME AREAS OF CRIMINAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT AT THE PRESENT STAGE: INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF THE KUZBASS INSTITUTE OF THE FPS OF RUSSIA, PROFESSOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW OF THE LAW INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY ALEXANDER VIKTOROVICH SHESLER
Authors: Maloletkina Natal’ya
Published: May 2024

ON SOME AREAS OF CRIMINAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT AT THE PRESENT STAGE: INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF THE KUZBASS INSTITUTE OF THE FPS OF RUSSIA, PROFESSOR
OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW OF THE LAW INSTITUTE OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH TOMSK STATE UNIVERSITY ALEXANDER VIKTOROVICH SHESLER
REVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK “PENAL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. THE GENERAL PART” EDITED BY A. P. SKIBA AND M. G. GUMBATOV
Authors: Efremova Irina
Published: May 2024

The reviewer, through a comparative analysis of the theory, legislation and practice of the execution of punishments and other criminal law measures in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan, formulates the most significant issues disclosed in the textbook, as well as its likely shortcomings (it is advisable to consider in more detail the theory, legal basis and practice of applying specific means of correction of convicts, etc.). The conclusion is that the textbook is of crucial importance for the development of penal enforcement and other law.
MAJELIS TA’LIM DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KEAGAMAAN UMAT ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Adu La , Saimima M Sahrawi
Published: May 2024

Non-formal Islamic educational institutions that have a considerable contribution in efforts to improve the quality of Indonesian religion are the ta'lim assembly. To facilitate this research process, the author uses qualitative research methods with techniques for obtaining information on informants, namely interviews. From the research process carried out, the results of the study show that the ta'lim assembly has a big role for the community in following learning in it. There are two activities carried out from the results of this research. Among them in the field of education, the community participates in learning activities to read the Qur'an, learning how to practice prayer, leading tahlil, and memorizing prayers after prayer. In addition, in social activities, the community participates and carries out food sharing activities, blessing Fridays, social services, mass circumcision to sharing takjil and opening together in the month of Ramadan.
Salinity gradient differentiates potential novel ecotypes and diversity of Labyrinthulomycetes protists along the Haihe River, northern China
Authors: Bai M , Li J , Ding X , Liu X , He Y , Wang G
Published: May 2024

With a ubiquitous presence in marine ecosystems, Labyrinthulomycetes protists (LP) play critical ecological roles in oceanic habitats. Recently, some LP strains have been suggested to survive in low-salinity environments, but their distribution in freshwaters was largely unknown. This study investigated LP abundance and diversity dynamics along a fresh-saltwater gradient in 2 seasons. LP were detected in all samples. Although LP abundance in freshwaters (typically 104 to 105 copies l-1) was significantly lower than that in saline waters, their abundance still corresponded to that of previously reported LP in some coastal waters, suggesting their potentially essential roles in riverine ecosystems. High-throughput sequencing analyses identified 110, 54, and 146 LP amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in fresh, brackish, and saline waters, respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis and variance partitioning analysis further indicated that salinity and temperature were the most significant environmental factors to affect LP community structure. Notably, most of the dominant ASVs in fresh/brackish waters were annotated to a rarely reported Labyrinthulida family, Amphitraemidae, and a newly identified river cluster of the order Thraustochytrida, which were significantly different from those of saline waters. Finally, the metabolic capabilities of the detected LP genera suggest that LP likely play diverse ecological roles in riverine ecosystems.
Spatio-temporal changes of heat and cold wave patterns in western Iran
Authors: Rezaei M , Manzar HH
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated recent changes in frequency, intensity, and duration of heat waves and cold waves in western Iran, a semi-arid region where agricultural activities represent the major contribution to the region’s economy. Our results show that heat waves have become significantly more frequent, longer, and more intense since the end of the 20th century, while cold waves have behaved in the inverse way. Through a detailed synoptic analysis, we found that the action centers derived from the expansion of the Azores high pressure over the Arabian Desert and the Iranian plateau were mainly responsible for all heat waves. However, cold waves responded to 4 different patterns, of which the Siberian high pressure was the main atmospheric configuration leading to the most intense and persistent events.
Support for sexual liberalization among ethnic majorities and minorities in Europe
Authors:   , Wuestenenk Nick Harmen
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, the cultural differences between the ethnic majority and the ethnic minority populations have sparked public and political debates about the consequences of ethnic diversity for the cohesion of Western European societies. However, we currently know little about the extent to which these cultural differences between ethnic groups also translate into behavioral differences. Therefore, in order to improve our understanding
of how ethnic diversity affects contemporary Western European societies, the present dissertation examines the extent to which, and under what conditions, ethnic minority and ethnic majority groups publicly express support for conservative and progressive group norms, and whether these public expressions also reflect their personal preferences. To study this, this dissertation focuses on a theme that has come to symbolize the contrast
between the progressive national majority culture and the conservative ethnic minority culture in Western Europe: sexual liberalization.
Revitalisasi Makam Belanda di Peneleh Surabaya untuk Mendukung Urban Tourism Berdasarkan Persepsi Stakeholder
Authors: BUDITIAWAN KRISTIAN , Santoso Eko Budi , Nurlaela Siti
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis konten untuk merumuskan konsep revitalisasi berdasarkan opini pemangku kepentingan pada konten media sosial atau halaman website. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis model interaktif yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa revitalisasi tidak hanya sekedar peningkatan kualitas visual atau fisik saja, namun yang lebih penting adalah meneruskan nilai-nilai atau makna-makna yang terkandung dalam makam tersebut agar nilai-nilai atau makna tersebut dapat diteladani oleh masyarakat pada masa kini dan masa yang akan datang. Revitalisasi juga menyentuh sisi birokrasi, artinya diberikan kemudahan kepada masyarakat untuk menggali makna yang terkandung dalam makam melalui kunjungan bersama atau kajian. Revitalisasi juga mengatur bagaimana kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan. Monitoring dan evaluasi merupakan upaya perbaikan untuk memberikan manfaat berkelanjutan kepada masyarakat. Kebijakan revitalisasi dapat diakomodir dalam kebijakan tata ruang wilayah sehingga program revitalisasi memiliki kekuatan hukum.
The Discursive Construction of Childhood in Three Turkish Children’s Books about the Cyprus Problem
Authors: Dağdelen Mazlum Kemal , Carpentier Nico
Published: May 2024

This research analyses the construction of childhood in three children’s books related to the Cyprus Problem through the lens of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. The discourse on childhood, deployed in books whose narratives are related to an armed conflict, is seen to have four nodal points: innocence, citizenship, savagery, and otherness. Our discourse-theoretical analysis, which uses a retroductive approach (Glynos and Howarth), demonstrates that in these three children’s books, the nodal points of innocence and citizenship are particularly strong, but all four nodal points are present. The analysis also shows how these nodal points intersect with the discourses of victimhood and militarism, which alter the articulation of the childhood discourse itself and produce significant internal tensions. These alterations and tensions demonstrate the deeply political nature of the childhood discourse at times of war.
The Body of the Antagonist in Current Spanish Novels for Children and Young Adults
Authors: Viro Ignacio Ceballos , Hernández Araceli , Llergo Eva , Crespo Sonia
Published: May 2024

This article examines the bodies of antagonists in Spanish award-winning children’s and young adult novels between 2018 and 2020. Qualitative analysis using software was used to categorise antagonists’ physical descriptions and identify common types and characteristics. There are attractive antagonists with pleasant physical appearances that conceal an inner malevolence, while others adhere more closely to the traditional prototype with physically unattractive features beyond normative standards of beauty. The predominance of male bodies as antagonists is highlighted, reflecting cultural stereotypes of violence and aggression associated with masculinity. In addition, common features such as reddish hair, facial hair, a penetrating gaze, and a smile that anticipates malice are observed. Although expected features such as androidisation are not evident, the analysis shows how cultural processes of physical normalisation are either reinforced or challenged.
DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN EMPATİ DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Şahin Necibe Damla , Usta Kutlu İlknur , Şahin Ahmet Tuğrul
Published: May 2024

Çalışmanın amacı diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin empati düzeylerini çeşitli demografik değişikliklere göre değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmaya Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesinde eğitim gören 435 öğrenci dahil edilmiştir. Öğrencilerden; demografik bilgilerinin ve Jefferson Doktor Empati Ölçeği Öğrenci Versiyonu (JSPE-S) sorularının olduğu anketi doldurmaları istenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS 25.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır (p
ÇÖZÜLMÜŞ HEPATİT B ENFEKSİYONLU VE ROMATİZMAL HASTALIĞI OLAN BİREYLERDE RİTUKSİMAB KULLANIMININ HEPATİT B REAKTİVASYONU ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: TEK MERKEZLİ BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Erdoğan Esra , Erdogan Mehmet Ali , Yolbaş Servet , Keser Muhammed Furkan , Aydın Saliha
Published: May 2024

Hepatit B enfeksiyonu önemli morbidite ve mortaliteye sahip küresel bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışma, çeşitli romatolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde rituksimab kullanan çözülmüş HBV enfeksiyonlu hastalarda HBV reaktivasyon sıklığını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Romatolojik hastalıkların tedavisi için rituksimab tedavisi alan hastalar serolojik HBV enfeksiyon belirteçleri (HBV DNA, HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG ve anti-HBs) açısından retrospektif olarak tarandı. Çalışmaya HBV DNA negatif, HBsAg negatif ve anti-HBc IgG düzeyleri pozitif olan çözülmüş HBV enfeksiyonlu 25 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalardan 22’si kadın (%88), 3’ü erkek (%12) idi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 62.56±9.786 idi. 25 hastanın 22’si romatoid artrit hastası, ikisi Sjögren sendromu iken bir hasta sistemik lupus eritamatozus hastasıydı. 15 hastada anti-HBs pozitif iken 10 hastada anti-HBs negatifti. Hastaların tedavi öncesi ortalama HBsAg titresi 0.27±0.102 iken anti-HBs titresi 211.00±317.380 IU/L idi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen hastaların hiçbirinde hepatit B reaktivasyonu gözlenmedi. Bu veriler, romatolojik hastalıkları olan hastaların rituksimab tedavisi altında HBV enfeksiyonunun reaktivasyon riskinin düşük olduğu göstermektedir. Ancak kesin sonuçlara varmak için prospektif, daha fazla hastanın dahil olduğu, çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Bilgi Gereksinimleri ve Bilgi Arama Davranışları
Authors: Sevmez Hasan , Yıldız Derya
Published: May 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının bilgi gereksinimleri ile bilgi arama davranışlarını ortaya koymak ve bilgi hizmetlerinden beklentilerini belirleyerek bu doğrultuda öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemine dayalı özel durum yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Türkçe öğretmeni adayları içerisinden gönüllük esasına göre amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme alma yöntemiyle seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesinde 40’ı 1. sınıf, 42’si 2. sınıf, 47’si 3. sınıf ve 39’u 4. sınıf olmak üzere toplamda 168 Türkçe öğretmeni adayı oluşturmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler için ise her sınıftan iki kız iki erkek olacak biçimde dört, toplamda 16 öğrenci belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak anket formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Anket formundan toplanan verilerin analizinde frekans (f) ve yüzde (%) betimsel istatistik teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ise nitel veri analizi tekniklerinden biri olan içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının kütüphaneden fiziki olarak nadiren yararlandıkları, kütüphaneyi ders çalışma ortamı olarak kullandıkları, elektronik kaynaklara uzaktan erişim bağlantısı sağlandığı ancak kullanma oranının düşük olduğu, öncelikli bilgi kaynağı olarak basılı kitapların tercih edildiği ancak hem basılı hem de elektronik kaynakları tercih edenlerin oranının da oldukça yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dikkat edilecek bir diğer sonuç ise Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının kütüphane veri tabanlarını kullanmadıkları, aramanın daha odaklı ve verimli olmasını sağlayan Boolean operatörlerini kullanmadıkları, arama sonuç sayfalarının ilk üç sayfasına baktıkları, bilginin doğruluğuna önem verdikleri ve son olarak istenilen arama sonuçlarına ulaşılamadığında başka kaynaklara yöneldikleri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ve sonuçlar Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının üniversite/fakülte kütüphanelerinin koleksiyonlarının, hizmetlerinin ve bilgi okuryazarlığı programı içeriklerinin geliştirilmesine duyulan ihtiyacı ortaya koymuştur. Hem ülkemizde bu konuda yeteri kadar çalışma yapılmamış olması hem de öğretmen adayları ile ilgili diğer disiplinlerde yapılan çalışmaların yakın tarihli olmaması göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bu çalışmanın alan yazına önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının bilgi gereksinimlerini ve bilgi arama davranışlarını kapsamlı olarak araştırıp, araştırma sonucuna ve literatüre dayanarak çıkarımlarda bulunmak ve bu konuda alan yazınına katkı sağlamak bu çalışmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.
Kentleşme Sürecinde Cem İbadeti Uygulamaları
Authors: Yılmaz Hulusi
Published: May 2024

Cem, Alevi inancının somutlaştığı önemli bir dini ritüeldir. Kırdan kente göçle birlikte bütün geleneksel yapılarda olduğu gibi, geleneksel cemlerde de bir deformasyon olmuştur. Geleneksel cemler şekil, isimlendirme ve zamanlama açısından bölgeden bölgeye değişiklik göstermesine rağmen, ana bölümler, temel kurallar, anlam ve içerik bakımından bir benzerlik taşımaktadır. Geleneksel cemleri zaman kriterine göre sürekli cemler ve periyodik cemler olarak tasnif etmek mümkündür. Periyodik cemler ise kendi içinde görüm cemleri ve diğer cemler olarak tasnif edilebilir. Günümüzde cem ibadetinin uygulanışında hem zaman hem de nitelik olarak sapma görülmektedir. Sürekli cemler olarak nitelediğimiz cumalık cemleri kentte kitle dernekleri tarafından yıl boyunca yapılmaktadır. Geleneksel Alevilikte cumalık cemleri yıl boyunca yapılması ideal olarak düşünülmesine rağmen, yapılmamaktadır. Metropol bir kentte görüm cemleri, yerel köy dernekleri tarafından uygulanabilmektedir. Kitle dernekleri ise diğer cemlerin yapılmasına müsait bir örgütlenme görünümündedir.
Sağlığın Biyo-Sosyal Belirleyicilerinden Biri Olarak Tıbbi (Medikal) Jeoloji
Authors: Can İslam
Published: May 2024

Bu çalışma, sağlık sosyolojisi disiplini açısından görece yeni bir alan olan tıbbi jeoloji üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Tıbbi jeoloji disiplini, genel olarak kayaçlar, elementler, madenler, mineraller gibi jeolojik faktörlerin doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak insanlara temas etmesiyle ortaya çıkan sağlık ve hastalık durumlarını incelemektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, öncelikle sağlığın sürdürülebilirliği ve hastalığın nedenleri hususunda, biyo-medikal yaklaşımın aksine, sosyal belirleyicilerin etkilerini ele almaktadır. Daha sonra insan ve toplum sağlığına doğrudan ve dolaylı şekilde etki eden kayaçlar, elementler, mineraller, hava, su ve gündelik yaşamda kullanılan materyaller gibi birçok varlığı araştırma nesnesi olarak ele alan tıbbi jeoloji alanının temel sayıltılarına yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde ve Türkiye’de yapılan tıbbi jeolojik araştırmalara değinilerek sağlık sosyolojisi alanında çalışan ve çalışacak bilim insanları için bir “disipliner farkındalık” oluşturulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Factors Related to The Implementation of Handover in Hospital Inpatient Rooms
Authors: Kartini Kartini
Published: May 2024

Handover is an oral communication of information about patients carried out by nurses at the change of shift. Inaccurate information in carrying out acceptance considerations can have a serious impact on patients. The aim of this literature review is to determine the factors associated with patient handover in hospital inpatient rooms. A literature search was carried out based on articles published between 2018-2023 according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been determined using 1 data base, namely GoogleSchool. This literature search uses the PRISMA guideline in carrying out the screening process. From the search results, 2,420 articles were obtained. After carrying out the screening process, there were 3 articles that met the criteria and will be analyzed. Based on a study of 3 articles, it was found that the factors related to the implementation of patient handover in inpatient rooms in hospitals are: supervision, knowledge, peer support, communication, and organizational culture. Factors related to the implementation of handover patient consist of interna and external factors. It is hoped that hospitals will establish policies related to the management of handover patient in the form of standards and handover patient procedures that are applied in all hospital inpatient rooms, socialization and need supervision toward handover patient. As well as increasing nurses' knowledge through training. Keywords: factors, consideration, inpatient, hospital, nurse
Editorial
Authors: Grigoleto Netto Jose Valdeci , Sá Jeferson de Souza
Published: May 2024

Caros/as leitores/as, Apresentamos a primeira edição da Revista Conversas em Psicologia do ano de 2024, com conteúdos e produções científicas relevantes para compreenção da teoria e pratica da Psicologia, abrangendo um olhar interdisciplinar. Neste número, dialogamos assuntos vinculados a àrea da Psicologia, por meio de quatro artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as práticas de intervenção de psicologia em mulheres na atenção integral e redes de apoio. O segundo trabalho busca tensionar uma reflexão sobre como os temas do luto e do vestuário se interseccionam e produzem efeitos nos espaços institucionais, sociais e subjetivos ao longo da história. Na sequência, o terceiro estudo revela um relato de experiência por meio de ensaios, apresentando resultados do encontro de mulheres com o diálogo da Psicologia Feminista realizados em um Serviço Escola de Nutrição. Já o quarto e último artigo desta edição buscou investigar aspectos relacionais das doenças crônicas e os efeitos psicossomáticos manifestados no processo do corpo e mente. Diante disso, desejamos a todos ótimas leituras e que elas possam gerar um olhar significativo no conhecimento e na sua prática profissional, e que, posteriormente, você possa compartilhar seus estudos e práticas na revista, a fim de mantermos ativa a produção e divulgação de estudos acadêmicos e a disseminação do diálogo inter e multidisciplinar com a Psicologia. Gratos!
The effects of high shear rates on the average hydrodynamic diameter measured in biomimetic HIV Gag virus-like particle dispersions
Authors: Wolf Tobias , Calisan Kerim Kadir , Stitz Jörn , Barbe Stéphan
Published: May 2024

HIV Gag virus-like particles (HIV Gag VLPs) are promising HIV vaccine candidates. In the literature, they are often described as shear-sensitive particles, and authors usually recommend the operation of tangential flow filtration (TFF) gently at shear rates below 4,000 s−1 to 6,000 s−1. This in turn poses a severe limitation to the performance of TFF-mediated concentration of VLPs, which would be substantially enhanced by working at higher shear rates. To our knowledge, studies examining the shear sensitivity of HIV Gag VLPs and providing detailed information and evidence for the fragility of these particles have not been conducted yet. Thus, we investigated the effect of high shear rates on the colloidal stability of mosaic VLPs (Mos-VLPs) as relevant examples for HIV Gag VLPs. For this purpose, Mos-VLPs were exposed to different shear rates ranging from 3,395 s−1 to 22, 365 s−1 for 2 h. The average hydrodynamic diameter (AHD) and the polydispersity index (PDI) of the associated particle size distribution were used as stability indicators and measured after the treatment and during storage through dynamic light scattering. At high shear rates, we observed an increase in both AHD and PDI during the storage of HIV Mos1.Gag VLPs (bVLP—without envelope proteins) and Mos1.Gag + Mos2S.Env VLPs (eVLP—with envelope proteins). eVLPs exhibited higher colloidal stability than bVLPs, and we discuss the potential stabilizing role of envelope proteins. We finally demonstrated that the dispersion medium also has a considerable impact on the stability of Mos-VLPs.
Computational analysis of cancer cell adhesion in curved vessels affected by wall shear stress for prediction of metastatic spreading
Authors: Rahmati Nahid , Maftoon Nima
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The dynamics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within blood vessels play a pivotal role in predicting metastatic spreading of cancer within the body. However, the limited understanding and method to quantitatively investigate the influence of vascular architecture on CTC dynamics hinders our ability to predict metastatic process effectively. To address this limitation, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of blood vessel tortuosity on the behaviour of CTCs, focusing specifically on establishing methods and examining the role of shear stress in CTC-vessel wall interactions and its subsequent impact on metastasis.

Methods: We computationally simulated CTC behaviour under various shear stress conditions induced by vessel tortuosity. Our computational model, based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and a coarse-grained spectrin-link membrane model, efficiently simulates blood plasma dynamics and CTC deformability. The model incorporates fluid-structure interactions and receptor-ligand interactions crucial for CTC adhesion using the immersed boundary method (IBM).

Results: Our findings reveal that uniform shear stress in straight vessels leads to predictable CTC-vessel interactions, whereas in curved vessels, asymmetrical flow patterns and altered shear stress create distinct adhesion dynamics, potentially influencing CTC extravasation. Quantitative analysis shows a 25% decrease in the wall shear stress in low-shear regions and a 58.5% increase in the high-shear region. We observed high-shear regions in curved vessels to be potential sites for increased CTC adhesion and extravasation, facilitated by elevated endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. This phenomenon correlates with the increased number of adhesion bonds, which rises to approximately 40 in high-shear regions, compared to around 12 for straight vessels and approximately 5–6 in low-shear regions. The findings also indicate an optimal cellular stiffness necessary for successful CTC extravasation in curved vessels.

Discussion: By the quantitative assessment of the risk of CTC extravasation as a function of vessel tortuosity, our study offers a novel tool for the prediction of metastasis risk to support the development of personalized therapeutic interventions based on individual vascular characteristics and tumor cell properties.
Non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: insights into their functions
Authors: Lv Xiaolong , Yang Lei , Xie Yunbo , Momeni Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer is the second most common form of cancer worldwide Research points to the pivotal role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in controlling and managing the pathology by controlling essential pathways. ncRNAs have all been identified as being either up- or downregulated among individuals suffering from lung cancer thus hinting that they may play a role in either promoting or suppressing the spread of the disease. Several ncRNAs could be effective non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose or even serve as effective treatment options for those with lung cancer, and several molecules have emerged as potential targets of interest. Given that ncRNAs are contained in exosomes and are implicated in the development and progression of the malady. Herein, we have summarized the role of ncRNAs in lung cancer. Moreover, we highlight the role of exosomal ncRNAs in lung cancer.
Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of NDVI and its driving factors in the corridor of Lan-Xin railway
Authors: Chen Xingshan , Yan Qingwu , Yi Minghao , Ma Xiaosong , Li Guie , Wu Zihao , Pan Qinke , Qiu Yong
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Vegetation is the main factor of ecological stability, but the construction of largescale corridor projects will bring some damage to vegetation.

Methods: Based on the NDVI, temperature and precipitation data of the growing season from 1990–2021 (June to September), this paper uses the maximum synthesis method, trend analysis method, correlation analysis method and coefficient of variation method to study the spatial-temporal changes and driving factors of NDVI in the past 32 years, taking the 30 km belt buffer zone along the Lan-Xin Railway as the research area. The influence range of railway construction on NDVI in different climatic conditions is analyzed.

Results: The results showed that: (1) From 1990–2021, the average annual temperature of the growing season in the study area showed an increasing trend, the average annual precipitation showed a decreasing trend, and the average annual NDVI showed an increasing trend; NDVI was positively correlated with temperature in 54.04%, and positively correlated with precipitation in 62.88%. Precipitation had a greater effect on NDVI than temperature. (2) Under the same climatic conditions, the NDVI variability coefficient in the study area fluctuates significantly within 3,000–21,000 m along the railway line, stabilizing beyond 21,000 m; the impact range of railway construction on NDVI gradually increases with increasing precipitation within the same temperature range, and increases gradually with rising temperatures within the same precipitation range. (3) During the growing season (June to September) in the study area, when the temperature is below 25°C, NDVI increases initially with increasing precipitation before decreasing, showing an overall upward trend; when the temperature is above 25°C, NDVI initially increases with increasing precipitation before decreasing. High temperature and high precipitation will inhibit vegetation growth and reduce NDVI. The NDVI of the core area before the railway construction is larger than that of the background area, while the NDVI of the core area after the railway construction is smaller than that of the background area.

Discussion: In short, the construction of Lan-Xin Railway has a certain influence on NDVI along the line. When studying the impact of large-scale engineering projects on vegetation in the future, higher resolution imagery can be used along with the incorporation of human activities' influence. These factors will enable more accurate and comprehensive research.
Cognitive control in written word production
Authors: Neophytou Kyriaki , Wiley Robert W. , Rapp Brenda
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Cognitive control processes have been extensively studied in spoken word production, however, relevant investigations of written word production are scarce. Using data from a group of post-stroke individuals we studied, for the first time, the neural substrates of cognitive control in written word production. We addressed three questions: Are control mechanisms: (1) shared by language and non-language domains; (2) shared by lexical and segmental levels of word production within the word production system; (3) related to both interference and facilitation effect types?

Methods

To address these questions, for each participant we calculated cognitive control indices that reflected the interference and facilitation effects observed in written Blocked Cyclic Naming (written language production) and Simon (visuo-spatial processing) tasks. These behavioral cognitive control indices were studied both on their own, as well as in relation to the distribution of structural (gray matter) lesions.

Results

For Question 1, we provide strong evidence of domain-specific control mechanisms used in written word production, as, among other findings, distinct regions within Broca's Area were associated with control in written word production vs. control in visuo-spatial processing. For Question 2, our results provide no strong evidence of shared control mechanisms for lexical and segmental levels of written word production, while they highlight the role of BA45 in instantiating control mechanisms that are specific to the two levels. For Question 3, we found evidence that BA45 supports distinct mechanisms associated with facilitation and interference, while orbital frontal cortex supports control process(es) associated with both.

Discussion

These findings significantly advance our understanding of the cognitive control mechanisms involved in written language production, as well as of the role of Broca's Area in cognitive control and language production more generally.
Metagenome next-generation sequencing plays a key role in the diagnosis and selection of effective antibiotics on the treatment of Nocardia pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Fan Na , Fang Huang , Huang Fang , Zhou Jie , Liu Peng , Li Meng-Jie , Ding Ye-Ying
Published: May 2024

Nocardia disease is an opportunistic infection, the occurrence is rare and mostly occurs in patients with immune deficiency. Even if the patient is immunocompetent, it can still be life-threatening. This case report describes a previously healthy 78-year-old male farmer with lung lesions discovered on a computerized tomography scan. Combined with the patient’s history of fever and the results of elevated laboratory markers associated with inflammation, the patient was diagnosed with a lung infection. After escalating empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal therapy, the patient continued to deteriorate to septic shock. In the meanwhile, the patient’s sputum was cultured repeatedly, and no obvious positive pathogenic bacteria were found. Considering the patient was elderly and that these lesions were solid with burr signs, as well as the progression after antimicrobial therapy cancer was considered in the differential diagnosis. Artificial intelligence (YITU, Hangzhou Yitu Medical Technology Limited Company) was also applied, and it also calculated that these lesions were cancerous. The patient received a puncture biopsy of the largest lung lesion. During the puncture pus was withdrawn from largest lung lesion. Culture and metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detection performed on pus indicated Nocardia otitidiscaviarum. The test report of the mNGS is also attached with a susceptibility report of commonly used clinical antibiotics to this Nocardia spp. Using this result, the patient’s disease was quickly controlled after selecting the targeted drug compound sulfamethoxazole and intravenous meropenem for treatment. In view of the high misdiagnosis rate and poor sensitivity of culture for Nocardia spp., this case emphasized mNGS playing a key role in the diagnosis and selection of effective antibiotics for the treatment of Nocardia spp. lung infections.
Red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid was correlated with inflammatory markers on the seventh postoperative day and all associated with the outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Min Jie , Zhao Yongfeng , Lv Chenxi , Hu Hang
Published: May 2024

Background

Exploring factors associated with the outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has become a hot focus in research. We sought to investigate the associations of inflammatory markers and blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid with the outcome of aSAH patients.

Methods

We carried a retrospective study including 200 patients with aSAH and surgeries. The associations of neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), system inflammation response index (SIRI), and blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid on the 1st and 7th postoperative days with the outcome of aSAH patients were investigated by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

According to the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, there were 147 patients with good outcome and 53 patients with poor outcome. The neutrophil, NLR, SIRI, and SII levels on the seventh postoperative day in patients with poor outcome were all significantly higher than patients with good outcome, P < 0.05. The multivariate logistic regression model including inflammatory markers and blood cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid on the 1st postoperative day confirmed that red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid (≥177 × 109/L; OR: 7.227, 95% CI: 1.160–45.050, P = 0.034) was possibly associated with poor outcome of aSAH patients, surgical duration (≥169 min), Fisher grade (III–IV), hypertension, and infections were also possibly associated with the poor outcome. The model including inflammatory markers and blood cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid on the 7th postoperative day confirmed that red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid (≥54 × 109/L; OR: 39.787, 95% CI: 6.799–232.836, P < 0.001) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (≥8.16; OR: 6.362, 95% CI: 1.424–28.428, P = 0.015) were all possibly associated with poor outcome of aSAH patients. The NLR (r = 0.297, P = 0.007) and SIRI (r = 0.325, P = 0.003) levels were all correlated with the count of red blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid.

Discussion

Higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and higher red blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid were all possibly associated with poor outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, we need a larger sample study.
A non-antibiotic antimicrobial drug, a biological bacteriostatic agent, is useful for treating aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Li Pei , Lu Jiayi , Li Xiaoqi , Li Meng , Wu Yifan , Zheng Minzi , Cao Yang , Liao Qinping , Ge Zhaojia , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2024

Background

Vaginitis is a common infection in women, with approximately 75% of women experiencing at least one episode during their lifetime. Although antimicrobial agents are widely used to treat vaginitis, recurrent vaginitis occurs in some patients. Resistance to these agents is the major cause of recurrent vaginitis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs.

Methods

We investigated the efficacy of a new biological bacteriostatic agent (BBA), composed of lysozyme, phytoalexin, chitosan oligosaccharide, sinensetin, 18β/20α-glycyrrhizin, and betaine, against vaginitis using in vitro and in vivo studies. First, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of BBA against 13 microbial strains commonly present in aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and healthy vaginas. Second, we assessed the safety of various doses of BBA administered orally for 4 weeks in female mice. Third, we examined the in vivo anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of BBA in Candida albicans-, Candida glabrata-, and Gardnerella-induced vaginitis models. Finally, we evaluated the anti-vaginitis effect of a BBA gel prepared with 0.5% (w/v) ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp copolymer.

Results

BBA effectively suppressed the growth of the main causative pathogens of vaginitis in vitro. BBA, either undiluted or diluted two-fold, inhibited all microorganisms cultured for 8 h. No obvious organ damage was detected when BBA was administered to mice. Both BBA alone and 70% BBA in a gel formulation effectively inhibited the proliferation of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and Gardnerella in vaginal lavage samples and alleviated tissue inflammation in mice with vaginitis. The 70% BBA gel performed better than BBA alone at treating vaginitis in mice infected with Gardnerella vaginalis.

Conclusion

BBA alone and a 70% BBA gel inhibited the growth of pathogens and effectively alleviated inflammation caused by C. albicans, C. glabrata, and G. vaginalis.
Microbial community diversity from nearshore to offshore in the East China Sea
Authors: Jin Jian , Liu Xiujie , Zhao Wenbin , Sun Hao , Tan Siyin , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Zhang Yunhui
Published: May 2024

The Pollution Nagasaki (PN) section of the East China Sea (ECS) is a typical area for studying the complex hydrographic dynamics between Changjiang River discharge and Kuroshio, displaying intense variations of environmental gradients from nearshore to offshore. However, the temporal and spatial changes of microbial communities along the PN section have long been overlooked. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation into the abundance, diversity and ecology of free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) microbial communities in seawater samples along the PN section during both summer and winter. Distinct hydrological conditions and resulting environmental gradients were observed between summer and winter, with clear features of intrusive Kuroshio subsurface water in summer and strong vertical mixing of seawater in winter. Bacterial abundance along the PN section was higher in summer (1.11 × 108 copies·L−1 – 7.37 × 108 copies·L−1) than in winter (1.83 × 106 copies·L−1 – 1.34 × 108 copies·L−1). Microbial diversity, as indicated by α-diversity indices, remained at relatively stable levels in summer, while a clear decreasing trend was observed in winter along the PN section. Additionally, the winter communities exhibited a more evident spatial shift along the PN section compared to the summer communities. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that microbial community composition varied considerably between different seasons (summer and winter) and lifestyles (FL and PA), with a notable dominance of Ralstonia species. in winter. Regarding the assembly of microbial communities, the stochastic process represented by dispersal limitation was the dominant process in summer, while the deterministic homogeneous selection was the most important process in winter. Correspondingly, distinct topological properties of the microbial co-occurrence networks were shown between different seasons and along the PN section. These results enhance our understanding of how hydrological conditions influence dynamic changes of microbial communities along the PN section, providing new insights for the microbial community assembly and interactions in such a complex environment.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated effects of varenicline on LPS-elevated prostaglandin and cyclooxygenase levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Baris Elif , Arici Mualla Aylin , Tosun Metiner
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to delineate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of varenicline, a cigarette smoking cessation aid, on decreasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elevated proinflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cultures which we showed earlier to occur via cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) activation. To this end, we investigated the possible suppressive capacity of varenicline on LPS-regulated cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) activation using the same in vitro model.

Materials and Methods: In order to test anti-inflammatory effectiveness of varenicline, the levels of COX isoforms and products (PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, a stable analog of PGI2, and TXA2) altered after LPS administration were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The antioxidant effects of varenicline were assessed by measuring reductions in reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a fluorometric intracellular ROS assay kit. We further investigated the contribution of nAChR subtypes by using non-selective and/or selective α7nAChR antagonists. The results were compared with that of conventional anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, celecoxib and dexamethasone.

Results: Varenicline significantly reduced LPS-induced COX-1, COX-2 and prostaglandin levels and ROS to an extent similar to that observed with anti-inflammatory agents used.

Discussion: Significant downregulation in LPS-induced COX isoforms and associated decreases in PGE2, 6-keto PGF1α, and TXA2 levels along with reduction in ROS may be partly mediated via varenicline-activated α7nAChRs.
MRI parameters predict central lumbar spinal stenosis combined with redundant nerve roots: a prospective MRI study
Authors: Qian Jingli , Liang Kaiwen , Luo Xianping , Ying Caiyun
Published: May 2024

Background

To observe changes in the cauda equina nerve on lumbar MRI in patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods

878 patients diagnosed with LSS by clinical and MRI were divided into the redundant group (204 patients) and the nonredundant group (674 patients) according to the presence or absence of redundant nerve roots (RNRs). The anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal (APDS) and the presence of multiple level stenosis, disc herniation, thickening of ligamentum flavum (LF) and increased epidural fat were assessed on MRI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the predictors of LSS combined with RNRs.

Results

Patients with LSS combined with RNRs had thicker epidural fat, smaller APDS and more combined multifaceted stenosis. Female patients and older LSS patients were more likely to develop RNRs; there was no difference between two groups in terms of disc herniation (p > 0. 05). Age, APDS, multiple level stenosis, and increased epidural fat were significantly correlated with the formation of LSS combined with RNRs (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

A smaller APDS and the presence of multiple level stenosis, thickening of LF, and increased epidural fat may be manifestations of anatomical differences in patients with LSS combined with RNRs. Age, APDS, multiple level stenosis, and increased epidural fat play important roles. The lumbar spine was measured and its anatomy was observed using multiple methods, and cauda equina changes were assessed to identify the best anatomical predictors and provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of LSS combined with RNRs.