bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetry and asymmetry in the Hebrew copula construction
Authors: Melnik Nurit
Published: December 2021

The copula construction in Hebrew has received much attention in the linguistic literature. Nevertheless, one non-canonical variant has been largely neglected. In this variant the copula, flanked by two NPs, exhibits agreement with the post-copular NP, contrary to the canonical variant, where the agreement controller is the initial NP. This phenomenon challenges the notion of subject and its relation to agreement. The current corpus-based study investigates the word order and agreement patterns exhibited by the Hebrew copular constructions and shows that their distribution is largely motivated by information structure considerations. The proposed analysis accounts for the syntactic symmetry and semantic asymmetry between the two NPs.
HPSG analysis and computational implementation of Indonesian passives
Authors: Moeljadi David , Bond Francis
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze and develop a detailed model of syntax and semantics of passive sentences in standard Indonesian in the framework of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) (Pollard & Sag, 1994; Sag et al., 2003) and Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) (Copestake et al., 2005), explicit enough to be interpreted by a computer, focusing on implementation rather than theory. There are two main types of passive in Indonesian, following Sneddon et al. (2010, pp. 256-260) and Alwi et al. (2014, pp. 352-356), called ‘passive type 1’ (P1) and ‘passive type 2’ (P2). Both types were analyzed and implemented in the Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA), a computational grammar for Indonesian (Moeljadi et al., 2015).
Modeling adnominal possession in multilingual grammar engineering
Authors: Nielsen Elizabeth , Bender Emily M.
Published: December 2021

In this paper we describe insights gained from building an extension to the LinGO Grammar Matrix customization system to cover adnominal possessive phrases. We show how the wide range of such constructions attested in the world's languages can be handled with the typical major phrase types used in HPSG and discuss the value of feature bundling in the multilingual grammar engineering context.
The complexities of the Welsh copula
Authors: Borsley Bob
Published: December 2021

The Welsh copula has a complex set of forms reflecting agreement, tense, polarity, the distinction between main and complement clauses, the presence of a gap as subject or complement, and the contrast between predicative and equative interpretations. An HPSG analysis of the full set of complexities is possible given a principle of blocking, whereby constraints with more specific antecedents take precedence over constraints with less specific antecedents, and a distinction between morphosyntactic features relevant to syntax and morphosyntactic features relevant to morphology.
Analogy-based morphology: The Kasem number system
Authors: Guzmán Naranjo Matías
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a formalization of proportional analogy using typed feature structures, which retains all key elements of analogical models of morphology. With the Kasem number system as an example, I show that using this model it is possible to express partial analogies which are unified into complete analogies. The analysis presented is accompanied by a complete TRALE implementation.
On a family of Welsh constructions
Authors: Borsley Robert D.
Published: December 2021

Research on unbounded dependency constructions (UDCs) has focused mainly on
the properties that are shared by all UDCs, but a satisfactory theory of syntax also needs to
capture the properties that distinguish specific UDCs and the properties that are shared by some but
not all of them. Three Welsh unbounded dependency constructions – wh-interrogatives, free relatives,
and cleft sentences – are of interest here because they show a challenging array of similarities and
the differences. However, given a slightly expanded hierarchy of phrase types, HPSG can capture both
the similarities and the differences in this area.
Unrealized arguments in SBCG
Authors: Chaves Rui P. , Kay Paul , Michaelis Laura A.
Published: December 2021

In null instantiation (NI) an optionally unexpressed argument receives either anaphoric or existential interpretation (Fillmore, 1986; Mauner & Koenig, 2000; Kay, 2002; Ruppenhofer & Michaelis, 2010, 2014).
Examples include Lexically licensed NI (Nixon resigned.), Contextual accessibility NI (Can I see?), Labelese (Contains alcohol), Diary NI (Got up, got out of bed, dragged a comb across my head), Generic-habitual NI (The police only arrest (people) when there's probable cause). We think of a predicator as having NI potential when
one or more of its frame elements may remain unexpressed under certain conditions. While one cannot accurately predict a predicator's NI potential based either on semantic factors (e.g., Aktionsart class of
the verb, as in Hovav & Levin (1998)) or pragmatic factors (e.g., relative discourse prominence of arguments, as in Goldberg (2006)), NI potential, while highly constrained, is not simply lexical
idiosyncrasy, but is instead the product of both lexical and constructional licensing. In the latter case, a construction can endow a verb with NI potential that it would not otherwise have. Using
representational tools of Sign Based Construction Grammar (Sag 2012, a.o), we offer a lexical treatment of null instantiation that covers both distinct patterns of construal of null instantiated arguments and the difference between listeme-based and contextually licensed, thus construction-based, null complementation
An incremental approach to verb clusters in German
Authors: Haugereid Petter
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an incremental approach to verb clusters in German which radically differs from standard HPSG accounts. While the common assumption is that the verbs in subordinate clauses form clusters and accumulate all their valence requirements on a SUBCAT list, the assumption in this paper is that the arguments in verb final clauses are encapsulated incrementally into syntactic and semantic structures before the verbs are attached. The proposed analysis is in line with psycholinguistic findings. A grammar fragment of German demonstrating an implementation of the analysis is presented.
The disunity of Principle B Effects
Authors: Varaschin Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

It is a typologically well-attested generalization that simple personal pronouns are avoided when the purpose is to signal semantic identity between coarguments of a predicate (Faltz, 1985; Comrie, 1999; Levinson, 2000; Haspelmath, 2008, forthcoming; Volkova & Reuland, 2014). Many linguists assume what I call the Unified View, where these pronoun disjointness effects come out as a byproduct of a single syntactic constraint, generally known as Principle B of the Binding Theory (Chomsky, 1981, 1986; Pollard & Sag, 1994; Manning & Sag, 1998; Pollard, 2005; Müller, 2021). This paper argues that the Unified View is mistaken because it is both too weak and too strong. As an alternative, I propose that pronoun disjointness effects stem from a conspiracy of three distinct factors – none of which is a syntactic universal: (i) a preference for expressing identity with coindexation rather than anchoring distinct indices to the same referent (Reinhart, 1983); (ii) a language-specific variant of HPSG’s Principle B; and (iii) a constraint on the morphosyntactic encoding of reflexive relations (Faltz, 1985; Reinhart & Reuland, 1993; König & Siemund, 2000).
Imperatives and negation in Romance languages: Verbalisation, de-verbalisation and marking
Authors: Ionescu Emil
Published: December 2021

The topic of this paper is the expression of negative directives in several Romance languages. The majority of Romance languages do not express negative directives by adding (pre-verbal) negation to the positive imperative form, but by using a different verb form (infinitive, subjunctive or something else), to which negation is attached. The present analysis shows that (some) directive verbal forms in Romance lost some hallmarks of their verbhood. The phenomenon is taken as witnessing different stages of de-verbalisation. De-verbalisation makes directive verb forms similar to interjections. The variation documented in the Romance imperatives with respect to the compatibility/incompatibility with negation may thus seen as tendencies of different degrees of the imperatives to come closer either to the verb, or to the interjection. In the context of these tendencies, the incompatibility between negation and imperatives may be explained through the concept of marking. Put briefly, imperatives require to be marked by negation but negation is or is not able to mark them.
Minimizer negative polarity items in non-negative contexts
Authors: Sailer Manfred
Published: December 2021

Minimizer strong NPIs such as ˋˋlift a finger'' are known to be more restricted in their occurrence than weak NPIs like ˋˋever''. Sedivy 1990 points to contexts with a ˋˋnegative side message'' in which ˋˋlift a finger'' can occur but ˋˋever'' cannot. The paper provides a short overview over the relevant contexts and proposes an extension of a representational theory of NPI licensing with the following components: First, an utterance content is introduced that enriches the primary truth-conditional content by conventional implicatures and generalized conversational implicatures. Second, ˋˋever''-type NPIs can be licensed by weak NPI licensors, but only in the primary truth-conditional meaning of an utterance. ˋˋLift-a-finger''-type NPIs can only be licensed in the scope of negation, but the licensing can be checked at the representation of the enriched meaning of an utterance.
Semantics-oriented resultatives: Evidence from valency alternation verbs
Authors: Nakazawa Tsuneko , Cao Rui
Published: December 2021

Resultative phrases are generally believed to conform to the Direct Object Restriction: that is, they describe the direct object if verbs are transitive. However, some exceptions have occasionally been reported, and this paper investigates the problem by focusing on resultative phrases that occur with the valency alternation verbs in Japanese and Mandarin Chinese. Verbs that license the locative alternation and locatum-subject alternation describe events that involve two arguments, the location and the locatum, which are perceived to concurrently undergo a change of state. It will be shown that resultative phrases with a valency alternation verb can be predicated of either argument regardless of whether it is expressed as direct object. Furthermore, resultative verbal suffixes in Mandarin, interpreted as description of either the location or the locatum, give rise to the locative alternation while their interpretation remains the same. Thus, it is claimed that in Japanese and Mandarin, the predication relation of resultative phrases is not determined by the grammatical function of arguments as generally believed, but rather by the lexical semantics of the verbs.
Three improvements to the HPSG model theory
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to propose three improvements to the HPSG model theory. The first is a solution to certain formal problems identified in Richter 2007. These problems are solved if HPSG models are rooted models of utterances and not exhaustive models of languages, as currently assumed. The proposed solution is compatible with all existing views on the nature of objects inhabiting models. The second improvement is a solution to “Höhle’s Problem”, i.e., the problem of massive spurious ambiguities in models of utterances. The third is a formalisation of Yatabe's (2004) analysis of the coordination of unlike categories, one that requires a second-order extension of the language for stating HPSG grammars.
Combined malformation of the biliary tract
Authors: Pisklakov A. V. , Fedorov D. A. , Moroz S. V. , Ponomarev V. I. , Lysov A. V. , Shlychkov D. A. , Gorlina A. Yu.
Published: December 2021

Anomalies in the biliary tract development are a relatively rare pathology in the practice of a pediatric surgeon. A combination of two or more defects of the biliary tract is even less common. The article presents literature data and own clinical observation of a child with a combination of a cyst of the common bile, or hepatic, duct (common bile duct) and an additional bile duct. The anatomical structure of the biliary tract was identified before surgery using magnetic resonance cholangiography. Based on the analysis of literature data and our own observation, we propose an algorithm for diagnostic measures in children with malformations of the biliary tract, which helps to avoid intraoperative injuries.
Features of cognitive development in children of early and preschool age using gadgets
Authors: Gamirova R. G. , Gorobets E. A. , Skhirtladze A. V. , Prusakov V. F. , Volgina S. Ya.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the impact of technological devices – gadgets – on the early cognitive and speech development in children. In early childhood, object-activity communication is the leading form of activity; its influence on the speech development is determined by the interaction of the child with the adult (object-oriented actions, the understanding of the purpose of objects, the use of verbal communication). The play activity of preschoolers helps to enhance communication and interaction with peers. Long and uncontrolled interaction with gadgets is connected with insufficient attention of parents and caregivers, which disrupts the process of communication and cognition, in particular, slows down the process of speech development. Foreign pediatric associations recommend eliminating the use of mobile devices in children aged 0–2 years and limiting their use to one hour per day for children aged 3–5 years. Most researchers identify a connection between the long-term use of gadgets by preschoolers, delayed development of endogenus attention, social interaction, distortion of cognitive development, delayed speech development and such positive effects as a high level of exogenus attention development, quick response to external stimuli.
Dynamics of the cytokine profile in achieving the therapeutic effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma
Authors: Skorokhodkina O. V. , Arkhipova S. A. , Klykova T. V. , Zaynetdinova G. M. , Kruglova E. B. , Volkova D. A.
Published: December 2021

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a pathogenetic method for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.

Objective. To evaluate effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy in 471 children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, as well to analyze the dynamics of the cytokine profile at baseline and 1 year after the start of treatment in 86 children. The research was supported by a grant from the International Scientific Council for Young Scientists of Kazan State Medical University.

Results. Analysis of the data obtained demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy is a highly effective method of treating children with allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma. The dynamics of the level of the studied cytokines during treatment indirectly indicates an increase in the functional activity of adaptive subpopulations of regulatory T-lymphocytes (T-reg) and B-lymphocytes (B-reg) with a decrease in the activity of Th2 lymphocytes, which may indicate the reconstruction of the immune response and possible disease-modifying effect.
Early diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) in the practice of a pediatrician
Authors: Volgina S. Ya. , Spiridonova O. A. , Kurmaeva E. A. , Gamirova R. G. , Polyakova S. I.
Published: December 2021

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, it is characterized by the accumulation of heparan sulfate in the cells of the body, which leads to the development of multiple organ failure. It occurs with a frequency of 1: 70 thousand newborns. There are 4 subtypes of the disease: A, B, C, D. Cognitive and neurological disorders are the earliest symptoms of the disease. Delay (loss) of speech development, regression of acquired skills, hyperreactivity, autistic character traits, mental retardation, sleep disturbance, epilepsy are noted; aggressive behavior is formed, the ability to move is impaired, hepatomegaly appears. There are observed the violations of other organs and systems – the organ of vision, bone, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, ENT organs, dental problems. Clinically, the subtypes of mucopolysaccharidosis III are practically indistinguishable. The average age at diagnosis is 2–6 years. Diagnostic search includes qualitative and quantitative determination of glycosaminoglycans in urine. It should be remembered that with mild variants of the disease, these indicators may be within the normal range. In the future, it is necessary to assess the activity of the corresponding enzymes in leukocytes, plasma or serum, in skin fibroblasts. Genetic testing is then performed to identify the mutation of the corresponding defective gene. Differential diagnosis should be carried out with other types of mucopolysaccharidosis, mucolipidosis, gangliosidosis, multiple sulfatase deficiency, some rheumatoid diseases.
The role of cationic channels of the potential TRPC receptor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children
Authors: Morozov S. L. , Dlin V. V.
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerulopathy in children, with a prevalence of approximately 16 per 100,000 of child population worldwide. Any chronic glomerular disease has the same type of development mechanism. Regardless of the damaging factor, after the death of a significant part of the nephrons, there occurs a steady decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, while morphologically we most often determine focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Studying the causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is an urgent problem in pediatric nephrology. Recently, there has been discussed the role of the cation channels of the potential receptor TRPC of podocytes in the development of proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The article provides data on the role of TRPC receptors in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The authors present their our own data demonstrating gene expression of the cationic channels family of the potential receptor TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 and TRPC6 in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, depending on the morphological picture of the disease and sensitivity to steroid therapy.
Cambios poblacionales de una comunidad de aves esteparias en una localidad del centro de España en un periodo de 35 años
Authors: Santos Tomás
Published: December 2021

Se analizan los cambios interanuales de una comunidad reproductora de aves esteparias en un área de cultivos cerealistas localizada en el centro de España (Sepúlveda, provincia de Segovia). Los datos proceden de ocho itinerarios en los que se registraron los usos de las parcelas agrícolas (cuatro sustratos: pasto, barbecho, arado y mies) y se censaron las aves en las primaveras de 1984, 2015, 2016 y 2019, asignando las observaciones a uno de los sustratos agrarios o a las lindes. La estructura del paisaje agrícola no varió en el periodo considerado, pero los usos agrarios variaron entre años, principalmente como resultado de cambios en las superficies aradas y sembradas. Se encontró un aumento de la riqueza de especies de aves y cambios significativos en la densidad de varias de ellas, con un descenso muy acusado de la calandria común, y tendencias temporales menos claras en otras especies. La variación entre sustratos de la densidad y del índice de electividad de Ivlev muestra que los pastos y lindes beneficiaron a una mayoría de especies, mientras que arados y barbechos tuvieron efectos positivos sobre una única especie (la terrera común y el pardillo, respectivamente), y las mieses fueron rechazadas o usadas en función de su disponibilidad. Como conclusión, se hace hincapié en la importancia de los elementos estables del paisaje agrícola (pastos y lindes) para las poblaciones reproductoras de aves esteparias.
PLANTAS TÓXICAS EM ESPAÇOS ESCOLARES: UMA ABORDAGEM EM ESCOLAS INFANTIS
Authors: RIBEIRO SILVIA ARCANJO CARLOS , Fernandes Katiúcia Dias
Published: December 2021

Objetivou-se desenvolver um projeto de intervenção em escolas de ensino fundamental ciclo 1 e creches da área urbana acerca dos riscos que algumas plantas podem trazer. O trabalho foi realizado em parceria com cinco escolas e creches municipais e estaduais localizadas na cidade de Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As plantas foram catalogadas com o nome comum e científico, aquelas que não foram identificadas no local foram coletadas amostras para preparação de exsicatas e conduzidas para identificação no Herbário da Universidade Federal de Itajubá. Pode-se notar a importância de abordar o tema nas escolas, pois os próprios funcionários das escolas desconhecem informações imprescindíveis para manter a segurança das crianças nos espaços verdes. Todas as escolas visitadas apresentam um jardim escolar, alguns mais estruturados que os outros e em todos eles encontramos plantas com potenciais riscos a saúde das crianças. Todos os jardins escolares apresentam condições de serem utilizados como material de construção do conhecimento. Assim, deve-se utilizar o espaço da escola para disseminar informações relevantes sobre as plantas ornamentais nocivas a saúde humana. Vale enfatizar que a substituição desses exemplares é o último recurso. Devemos sempre pensar em como utilizá-las como meio de estudo e divulgação de informações e assim prevenir acidentes
Трехфакторная модель зависимости от социальных сетей
Authors: Шейнов Виктор П. , Девицын Антон С.
Published: December 2021

Введение. Зависимость от социальных сетей – одна из самых массовых немедицинских зависимостей. Многочисленные отрицательные последствия для ее жертв создали психологическую проблему, что сделало актуальным изучение факторов зависимости от социальных сетей. Ввиду отсутствия исследований этих факторов, проблему может разрешить соответствующая модель, разработка которой является целью статьи. Гипотеза исследования: главенствующую роль в модели играет «психологическое состояние» пользователя социальной сети. Методы. Факторная структура зависимости от социальных сетей изучается посредством эксплораторного и конфирматорного анализа (инструменты jamovi платформы R), непараметрическими корреляциями Кендалла и параметрическими Пирсона (пакет SPSS-22). Респонденты: 618 пользователей сетей (430 женщин 16–76 лет (M = 37,01) и 188 мужчин 16–67 лет (M = 31,3). Результаты и их обсуждение. Показано, что модель зависимости от социальных сетей включает три фактора: «психологическое состояние», «коммуникация», «получение информации». Показатель надежности модели = 0,828 (p-value < 0,001). Гипотеза исследования подтвердилась. При этом корреляции фактора «психологическое состояние» с тревожностью, депрессией, одиночеством, экстраверсией, самооценкой, удовлетворенностью жизнью (тесно связанными с зависимостью от социальных сетей) превышают корреляции других факторов и опросника в целом. Большая, чем у мужчин, зависимость женщин от социальных сетей объясняется более сильными корреляциями их фактора «психологическое состояние» с вышеперечисленными состояниями и свойствами личности. Для разных социумов модель зависимости от социальных сетей может иметь принципиально отличающуюся факторную структуру. Проведенный анализ показал, что построенная трехфакторная модель зависимости от социальных сетей обладает высокой степенью надежности; модель адекватно описывает сущность этой зависимости и может быть использована в изучении теоретического и практического аспектов данной проблемы.
Внутренняя стигма и нарциссическая регуляция больных эндогенными психозами
Authors: Лутова Наталия Б. , Макаревич Ольга В. , Вид Виктор Д. , Новикова Ксения Е. , Сорокин Михаил Ю.
Published: December 2021

Введение. Самостигматизация психически больных является актуальной проблемой психиатрии. В литературных источниках влияние личностных характеристик больных психозами на формирование внутренней стигмы остается изученным недостаточно. Целью исследования стало изучение взаимного влияния нарциссической саморегуляции и показателей самостигматизации, выявление протективных, относительно формирования внутренней стигмы, черт нарциссической регуляции. Методы. Обследован 81 пациент психиатрического стационара (62 – с диагнозом рубрики F2 и 19 – с диагнозом в рамках F3 согласно МКБ-10). Использовались: шкала интернализованной стигмы психических заболеваний (ISMI) и методика «Индекс функционирования Self-системы» (ИФСС). Применялись статистические процедуры: описательные статистики, дисперсионный анализ (U-критерий Манна – Уитни), определение размера эффектов Cohen’s d. Результаты. Анализ показателей методики ИФСС выявил статистически значимое ослабление нарциссической регуляции в обследованной выборке по всем субшкалам и интегративному показателю ИФСС (21,1 ± 4) в сравнении с нормативной величиной для идеально сильной личности (0). Общая выраженность самостигматизации у опрошенных пациентов была низкой (2,4 ± 0,24), превышение пороговых 2,5 баллов, свидетельствующих о высокой интенсивности переживания стигмы, было выявлено у 30 (37 %) обследованных. Сравнение особенностей нарциссической регуляции у больных с высоким и низким уровнем самостигматизации обнаружило существенные взаимосвязи между проявлениями внутренней стигмы и показателями силы личности. Размеры эффектов Cohen’s d для восьми субшкал (Self1, Self2, Self3, Self5, Self6, Self7, Self12, Self18) составили 1,1–1,8 при p ≤ 0,05, что свидетельствует о значимом ослаблении нарциссической регуляции у пациентов с высоким уровнем переживания самостигматизации. Обсуждение результатов. Выявленные особенности функционирования системы регуляции нарциссизма обуславливают ослабление силы личности, которое может способствовать формированию внутренней стигмы и нарастанию социальной дезадаптации. Данные об индивидуализированном профиле дефицитарности адекватных механизмов защиты личности имеют практическую ценность при проведении сфокусированных психотерапевтических вмешательств.
Развитие лидерских способностей студентов-психологов средствами психологического консультирования
Authors: Сукнева Елена А. , Чернецкая Надежда И. , Кедярова Елена А. , Монжиевская Вера В. , Уварова Маргарита Ю.
Published: December 2021

Введение. Современная стратегия системы образования, декларативно нацеленная на подготовку специалистов с развитыми лидерскими способностями, фактически таких специалистов выпускает критически мало, что особенно негативно проявляется в психологическом образовании. Лидерские способности, содержательно составляющие основу для многих профессионально важных качеств психолога, у многих студентов развиты минимально, и традиционная вузовская подготовка психологов не предусматривает их целенаправленного развития. Было предпринято эмпирическое исследование, в котором мы впервые доказали, что проведение группового психологического консультирования за относительно короткий срок позволяет добиться повышения уровня лидерских способностей студентов-психологов и что эта работа может быть интегрирована в учебный процесс. Методы. В эмпирическом исследовании приняли участие 50 студентов, обучающихся на разных курсах очной формы бакалавриата факультета психологии Иркутского государственного университета. В исследовании были использованы следующие методы: тестовый метод многошкальных личностных опросников; развивающие, моделирующие, обучающие и аналитические методы психологического консультирования; методы непараметрической статистики (угловое преобразование Фишера). Результаты. В результате проведенной консультационной работы со студентами-психологами нам удалось повысить не только собственно показатель лидерских способностей, но и показатели сопряженных с ним коммуникативных и организаторских способностей, а также показатели личностных лидерских качеств (например, экстраверсии, лабильности, спонтанности). Обсуждение результатов. Психологическое консультирование способствует повышению уровня лидерских способностей будущих психологов: лидерские способности улучшаются как в части лидерских личностных качеств, так и в части сопряженных с лидерством коммуникативных способностей. Заключение. Развитие лидерских способностей будущих психологов методами психологического консультирования может и должно стать частью их профессиональной подготовки. Групповые консультационные сессии по развитию лидерских способностей могут быть реализованы как в рамках специализированных факультативов, так и в контексте дисциплин, содержание которых предусматривает развитие личности и лидерства (социальная психология, психологическое консультирование и др.).
Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tools for Assessing Adverse
Effects of Immunosuppressant Drugs
Authors: Lucafò Marianna , De Biasi Serena , Curci Debora , Norbedo Alessia , Stocco Gabriele , Decorti Giuliana
Published: December 2021

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of small
vesicles released by donor cells and absorbed by recipient cells, which represent important
mediators with fundamental roles in both physiological and pathological conditions.
EVs are present in a large variety of biological fluids and have a great diagnostic and
prognostic value. They have gained the interest of the scientific community due to their
extreme versatility. In fact, they allow us to hypothesize new therapeutic strategies since,
in addition to being cell signal mediators, they play an important role as biomarkers, drug
vehicles, and potential new therapeutic agents. They are also involved in immunoregulation,
have the ability to transmit resistance to a drug from one cell to a more sensitive
one, and can act as drug delivery systems.

Objective:

The main reciprocal interactions between EVs and immunosuppressive drugs
will be presented.

Results:

The known interactions between EVs and immunosuppressive drugs, in particular
cyclosporin, glucocorticoids, rapamycin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, eculizumab,
infliximab, certolizumab, etanercept, glatiramer acetate, and fingolimod are presented.

Conclusion:

This review provides relevant information on the links between EVs and immunosuppressive
drugs with a focus on EVs' role as tools to assess the effects of immunosuppressants,
suggesting innovative properties and new possible therapeutic uses.
In Search for Biomarkers in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: New Evidence on Saliva as a Practical Source of DNA to Assess Epigenetic Regulation
Authors: D’Addario Claudio , Macellaro Monica , Bellia Fabio , Benatti Beatrice , Annunzi Eugenia , Palumbo Riccardo , Conti Dario , Fasciana Federica , Vismara Matteo , Varinelli Alberto , Ferrara Luca , Celebre Laura , Viganò Caterina , Dell’Osso Bernardo
Published: December 2021

Background:

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a promising candidate
biomarker in both the development and aetiology of different neuropsychiatric conditions,
including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Most of the studies in the field
have been carried out in blood cells, including peripheral blood mononucleated cells
(PBMCs), although DNA of high quality can be easily isolated from saliva.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the epigenetic regulation of the BDNF
gene in the saliva of a clinical sample of OCD patients in order to assess this source
as an alternative to blood.

Methods:

We first analyzed DNA methylation levels at BDNF in the saliva of subjects
suffering from OCD (n= 50) and healthy controls (n=50). Then, we compared these data
with the results previously obtained for the same genomic region in blood samples from
the same patients and controls (CTRL).

Results:

Our preliminary data showed a significant reduction of 5mC levels at BDNF
gene (OCD: 1.23 ± 0.45; CTRL: 1.85 ± 0.64; p < 0.0001) and a significant correlation between
DNA methylation in PBMCs and saliva (Spearman r = 0.2788).

Conclusion:

We support the perspective that saliva could be a possible, reliable source,
and a substitute for blood, in search of epigenetic biomarkers in OCD.
Stimuli-responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Handa Mayank , Singh Ajit , Flora Swaran Jeet Singh , Shukla Rahul
Published: December 2021

Background:

Recent past decades have reported emerging of polymeric nanoparticles as a promising technique for controlled and targeted drug delivery. As nanocarriers, they have high drug loading and delivery to the specific site or targeted cells with an advantage of no drug leakage within en route and unloading of a drug in a sustained fashion at the site. These stimuli-responsive systems are functionalized in dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomal nanoparticles, quantum dots.

Purpose of Review:

The authors reviewed the potential of smart stimuli-responsive carriers for therapeutic application and their behavior in external or internal stimuli like pH, temperature, redox, light, and magnet. These stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems behave differently in In vitro and In vivo drug release patterns. Stimuli-responsive nanosystems include both hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. This review highlights the recent development of the physical properties and their application in specific drug delivery.

Conclusion:

The stimuli (smart, intelligent, programmed) drug delivery systems provide site-specific drug delivery with potential therapy for cancer, neurodegenerative, lifestyle disorders. As development and innovation, the stimuli-responsive based nanocarriers are moving at a fast pace and huge demand for biocompatible and biodegradable responsive polymers for effective and safe delivery.
Experimental and Computational Study of Hyaluronidase
Interactions with Glycosaminoglycans and their Ligands
Authors: Maksimenko Alexander V. , Sakharova Yuliya S. , Beabealashvilli Robert S.
Published: December 2021

:

Covalent conjugation of hyaluronidase with copolymeric glycosaminoglycans (GAG,
heparin and dermatan sulfate) considerably inactivates the enzyme, while conjugation with
polymeric GAG (chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan) improves its stability. These effects are
associated with structural differences of these GAG caused by С-5 epimerization of glucuronic and
iduronic acid residues and different effects of (α[1 – 4] and α[1 – 3] relative to β[1 – 4] and β[1 – 3])
glycosidic bonds. Pronounced effects of galactose C-4 epimers (in comparison with glucose) and
disaccharide mixture (lactose, cellobiose, maltose) on endoglycosidase activity of hyaluronidase
emphasize the importance of its diversified multi-contact microenvironment. For a better
understanding of the mechanisms regulating hyaluronidase activity, molecular docking and
molecular dynamics were chosen. Stabilization effect of chondroitin ligands on heat inactivation of
hyaluronidase was demonstrated. An increase in denaturation temperature by 10-15oC hampers
blocking of the active site entrance and prevents the enzyme inactivation. Enzyme-GAG
interactions were examined by molecular docking with molecular dynamic elaboration. Gradual
chemical modification of hyaluronidase was based on the calculated sequence of preferential
binding of GAG. Theoretically, covalent binding of chondroitin sulfate trimers at cs7 or cs7, cs1 and
cs5 on the enzyme surface provides complete protection against heparin inhibition. Computational
investigation of hyaluronidase microenvironment and interactions which limit the enzyme activity
allows identification of the best GAG regulators of hyaluronidase endoglycosidase activity and their
experimental verification.
The Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid Precursor Protein and its Neuritogenic Actions
Authors: Luu Luan , Ciccotosto Giuseppe D. , Cappai Roberto
Published: December 2021

The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is principally known and studied for its involvement
in Alzheimer’s disease as the source of the amyloid β peptide; however, its physiological actions
within the nervous system are also important as it is involved in a range of neuronal activities,
including neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neurite outgrowth, and neuroprotection. Of the different
neuronal functions that APP can affect, some may be relevant to APP’s role in Alzheimer’s
disease, while others can be primarily related to its physiological roles. This review will focus on
APP’s neuritogenic actions and surmise the key molecular mechanisms, as well as the structural
and signaling requirements, which form the basis for APP’s neuritogenic effects. Deciphering the
normal function(s) of APP is valuable to properly understanding its role in health as well as
Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurodegeneration and Glial Activation Related CSF Biomarker as the Diagnosis
of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and an Updated Meta-
analysis
Authors: Hao Yuehan , Liu Xu , Zhu Ruixia
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Recently, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Visinin-like protein-1 (VLP-1), neurogranin
(Ng), and YKL-40 have been identified as candidates for neuronal degeneration and glial
activation biomarkers. Therefore, we perform a comprehensive meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic
value of CSF NSE, VLP-1, Ng and YKL-40 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:

We searched Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE databases for research about the levels of
CSF NSE, VLP-1, Ng and YKL-40 in AD patients compared with controls or other dementia diseases
until Dec 2020.

Results :

The present meta-analysis contained a total of 51 studies comprising 6248 patients with
dementia disorders and 3861 controls. Among them, there were 3262 patients with AD, 2456 patients
with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 173 patients with vascular dementia (VaD), 221 patients
with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and 136 with Lewy bodies dementia (DLB). Our study
demonstrated that CSF NSE, VLP-1, Ng and YKL-40 levels were increased in AD as compared to
healthy controls. We also observed that the CSF NSE level was higher in AD than VaD, suggesting
CSF NSE might act as a key role in distinguishing between AD and VaD. Interestingly, there
was a higher VLP-1 expression in AD, and a lower expression in DLB patients. Moreover, we
found the CSF Ng level was increased in AD than MCI, implying CSF Ng might be a biomarker
for identifying the progression of AD. Additionally, a significantly higher CSF YKL-40 level was
detected not only in AD, but also in FTD, DLB, VaD, signifying YKL-40 was not sensitive in the
diagnosis of AD.

Conclusion:

Our study confirmed that CSF levels of NSE, VLP-1, and Ng could be valuable biomarkers
for identifying patients who are more susceptible to AD and distinguishing AD from other
neurodegenerative dementia disorders.
Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glycemic Control in Patients with
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dubai
Authors: Makki Ibtehal , Alnoon Nouf , Rahmani Najma , Almulla Jawaher , Alamiri Asma , Alfalasi Aisha , Zidan Marwan
Published: December 2021

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown
on glycemic control and accompanying laboratory parameters in patients with type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus.

Methods:

This study is a retrospective cohort study that was done on a multicenter level. It was
conducted during the lockdown in 341 individuals. HbA1c was tested to measure glycemic control
immediately before and after the lockdown period that lasted for 13 weeks.

Results:

The primary outcome was the improvement of mean HbA1C after 13 weeks of lockdown
compared to the pre-lockdown HbA1C. It was found that the mean HbA1C improved from 7.5±1.5
to 7.3±1.5 with a p-value of 0.001.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibited an improvement
in their glycemic control after the period of lockdown.
A Copeptin as a Predictor Marker for Insulin Resistance Among Women
with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ali Alaa Ibrahim , Hassan Wassan Nori Mohammed , Alrawi Sumaya
Published: December 2021

Background:

A polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine syndrome
in which women have a wide range of clinical presentations; insulin resistance was linked to its
pathogenesis.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the copeptin role as a predictive marker of insulin resistance
among PCOS women.

Material and Methods:

In University Hospital, we included 280 women, with 140 of them being
healthy controls. 140 out of 280 cases of PCOS subdivided into two groups depending on the insulin
resistance; group 1 with homeostasis model assessment for the insulin resistance < 2.5. Group
2 with homeostasis model assessment for the insulin resistance >2.5. The evaluation of body mass
index and blood pressure for all besides the blood sampling for estimation of a follicular stimulating
hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone,
fasting insulin dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, C-reactive protein, plasma glucose, free androgen
index, and plasma copeptin using the Copeptin-Human EIA Kit besides the transvaginal ultrasound
for ovarian assessment.

Results:

When compared to other groups, PCOS women with positive insulin resistance >2.5 had a
significantly higher plasma copeptin level. The ROC curve calculated a 1.94 pmol/L; plasma
copeptin cutoff value for detecting the insulin resistance in PCOS with 88 % sensitivity value and
36 % specificity, AUC was 0.88.

Conclusion:

The significant positive relationship between serum copeptin and insulin resistance
with high sensitivity implies its usefulness as a marker of insulin resistance among PCOS patients
with a high prediction of its complication.
Knowledge, awareness, and practices for prevention of Vietnamese students in the passion of COVID-19
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thi Thuy , Thuy Phan Bui Gia , Phi Nguyen Tran Ngoc , Nhan Pham Nguyen Trong , Son Nguyen Hoang
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest viral pandemic of the 21st century. We aimed to study COVID-19 knowledge, awareness, and practices (KAP) among medical and health sciences students in the Viet Nam, survey in the health industry, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh city. It was conducted in English and comprised two parts: socio-demographic characteristics, and KAP towards COVID-19. A total of 1370 students responded to the survey. Out of which 74,8% of female students, 25,2% of male students. The knowledge of the students on COVID-19 was of high level; however, more than one-third of them feel unconcerned about how they feel about the disease. The majority of students believe and are willing to support and follow recommendations from competent authorities in Vietnam to prevent the entry of the coronavirus. Besides, more than two-thirds of students said that they completely know how to protect themselves from the coronavirus. Students of Vietnam's health sector had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness, and good practices of preventive measures regarding the COVID-19 virus. There were no significant differences in most categories of students' gender-related knowledge, perceptions, and practices, or years of study.
Influence of personality traits on people's satisfaction with public service in Hanoi city, Vietnam
Authors: Tung Phuong Huu , Ly Le Thi Khanh
Published: December 2021

The quality of public services is concerned and improved to meet the satisfaction of the people, which has made governments more aware of the need to provide public services according to the needs and preferences of the public. Most of the previous studies used qualitative methods to assess people's satisfaction with public services. The authors use a quantitative research method to explore the quality of public services in Vietnam using the Servqual model and explore the relationship between personality traits and satisfaction with public services. The study was conducted in OSS rooms in Hanoi city, Vietnam in June 2021, using the intentional sampling method. Collect data through survey of 500 votes, of which 350 valid votes of citizens. The results of analysis by SEM model show that all 5 elements of personality traits: Openness, Dedication, Neuroticism; psychic; Greablenes has a positive and significant influence on the remaining 5 factors through 2 coefficients, Regression Weights and P-value, both have reliable values. The conclusion of this study provides valuable data for Government policymakers.
UYKUSUZLUK ŞİKAYETLERİ VE UYKU KALİTESİ TEMEL ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİRLİĞİ
Authors: AĞAR İrem , MALAKCIOĞLU Cem , MUTLU Hacer Hicran
Published: December 2021

Giriş: Uyku bozukluğu, birçok hastalığa neden olması ve toplumda yaygın görülmesi nedeniyle önemlidir. Bu nedenle uyku bozukluklarını taramak için bazı araçlar geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı bu araçlardan kısa ve uygulanması kolay olan Uykusuzluk Şikayetleri ve Uyku Kalitesi Temel Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliğini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışma, 30 Temmuz-30 Ekim 2020 tarihleri arasında aile hekimliği polikliniğimize başvuran 20-40 yaş arası 180 bireyde yapılmıştır. Ölçek alanında uzman kişiler tarafından önce İngilizce'den Türkçe'ye, sonra tekrar İngilizce'ye çevrilmiştir. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik form, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite Ölçeği ve Uykusuzluk Şikayetleri ve Uyku Kalitesi Temel Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Dört hafta sonra aynı örneklemden 30 kişilik küçük bir gruba tekrar testi uygulandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzdelik dağılım ve ortalama, faktör analizi, Pearson korelasyon testi, Cronbach α güvenirlilik katsayısı analizleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %53,3’ü (n=96) kadın, %46,7’si (n=84) erkektir. Çalışmaya dahil olan bireylerin yaşları 20-40 yaş aralığında olup ortalama yaşları 30,6 ± 5,6’dır. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,752 hesaplanmıştır. Birinci ve ikinci uygulamalardaki toplam test puanları arasındaki korelasyon değeri 0,639 (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin iki faktörlü bir yapı sergilediği anlaşılmıştır. Ölçeğin orijinal çalışmasında da iki faktörlü yapıdan söz edilmektedir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, Uykusuzluk Şikayetleri ve Uyku Kalitesi Temel Ölçeğinin Türk toplumunda geçerli ve güvenilir bir tarama ölçeği olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kısa olması ve kolay uygulanabilmesi nedeniyle günlük pratikte yaygın olarak kullanılabilecek olması nedeniyle önemlidir.