bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Aortic Repair in Patients of Advanced Age
Authors: Khoury Mitri K. , Thornton Micah A. , Heid Christopher A. , Babb Jacqueline , Ramanan Bala , Tsai Shirling , Kirkwood Melissa L. , Timaran Carlos H. , Modrall J. Gregory
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

Treatment decisions for the elderly with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are challenging. With advancing age, the risk of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) increases while life expectancy decreases, which may nullify the benefit of EVAR. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of EVAR on 1-year mortality in patients of advanced age.

Materials and Methods:

The 2003–2020 Vascular Quality Initiative Database was utilized to identify patients who underwent EVAR for AAAs. Patients were included if they were 80 years of age or older. Exclusions included non-elective surgery or missing aortic diameter data. Predicted 1-year mortality of untreated AAAs was calculated based on a validated comorbidity score that predicts 1-year mortality (Gagne Index, excluding the component associated with AAAs) plus the 1-year aneurysm-related mortality without repair. The primary outcome for the study was 1-year mortality.

Results:

A total of 11 829 patients met study criteria. The median age was 84 years [81, 86] with 9014 (76.2%) being male. Maximal AAA diameters were apportioned as follows: 39.6% were <5.5 cm, 28.6% were 5.5–5.9 cm, 21.3% were 6.0–6.9 cm, and 10.6% were ≥7.0 cm. The predicted 1-year mortality rate without EVAR was 11.9%, which was significantly higher than the actual 1-year mortality rate with EVAR (8.2%; p<0.001). The overall rate of perioperative MACE was 4.4% (n = 516). Patients with an aneurysm diameter <5.5cm had worse actual 1-year mortality rates with EVAR compared to predicted 1-year mortality rates without EVAR. In contrast, those with larger aneurysms (≥5.5cm) had better actual 1-year mortality rates with EVAR. The benefit from EVAR for those with Gagne Indices 2–5 was largely restricted to those with AAAs ≥ 7.0cm; whereas those with Gagne Indices 0–1 experience a survival benefit for AAAs larger than 5.5 cm.

Conclusion:

The current data suggest that EVAR decreases 1-year mortality rates for patients of advanced age compared to non-operative management in the elderly. However, the survival benefit is largely limited to those with Gagne Indices 0–1 with AAAs ≥ 5.5 cm and Gagne Indices 2–5 with AAAs ≥ 7.0 cm. Those of advanced age may benefit from EVAR, but realizing this benefit requires careful patient selection.
Recasted nonlinear complex diffusion method for removal of Rician noise from breast MRI images
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Subodh , Padma Sai Y
Published: October 2021

The evolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) leads to the study of the internal anatomy of the breast. It maps the physical features along with functional characteristics of selected regions. However, its mapping accuracy is affected by the presence of Rician noise. This noise limits the qualitative and quantitative measures of breast image. This paper proposes recasted nonlinear complex diffusion filter for sharpening the details and removal of Rician noise. It follows maximum likelihood estimation along with optimal parameter selection of complex diffusion where the overall functionality is balanced by regularization parameters. To make recasted nonlinear complex diffusion, the edge threshold constraint “k” of diffusion coefficient is reformed. It is replaced by the standard deviation of the image. It offers a wide range of threshold as variability present in the image with respect to edge. It also provides an automatic selection of “k” instead of user-based value. A series of evaluation has been conducted with respect to different noise ratios further quality improvement of MRI. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of evaluations are tested for the Reference Image Database to Evaluate Therapy Response (RIDER) Breast database. The proposed method is also compared with other existing methods. The quantitative assessment includes the parameters of the full-reference image, human visual system, and no-reference image. It is observed that the proposed method is capable of preserving edges, sharpening the details, and removal of Rician noise.
Reconceptualizing Recruitment in Qualitative Research
Authors: Bonisteel Isaac , Shulman Rayzel , Newhook Leigh A. , Guttmann Astrid , Smith Sharon , Chafe Roger
Published: October 2021

Adequate participant recruitment is critical for any qualitative research project. Our research team experienced numerous difficulties when attempting to recruit young adults with type 1 diabetes to discuss their transition from pediatric to adult-focused care. Using our experience as a case study, we identify the activities involved in four phases of participant recruitment: (1) development of a recruitment plan, (2) implementation, (3) participant engagement post-data collection, and (4) post-recruitment assessment. We present a new definition of participant recruitment which better captures the range of activities involved. We discuss aspects impacting recruitment in our case: the influence of other stakeholders, the dynamic nature of recruitment, recruitment of specific populations, and the challenges of recruiting within a healthcare environment. Finally, we identify and consider four factors that impact participant recruitment: communication, participant interest/value, participant trust in the research project, and participant availability and consider potential strategies for overcoming barriers related to each factor. In the end, our case underscores the centrality and potential fluidity of participant recruitment within qualitative research.
A Team-Based Comparative Case Study of Violence Across Care Settings for Older Adults in Two Canadian Provinces
Authors: Herron Rachel V. , Novek Sheila , Kruth Madeleine L. , Spencer Dale , Funk Laura , Aubrecht Katie , Kelly Christine , Weeks Lori E. , Brownridge Doug
Published: October 2021

Violence can lead to physical and psychological harm, emotional exhaustion, and burnout for paid and unpaid carers. Concomitantly, being regarded as violent, aggressive, or difficult can have a direct impact on older adults’ sense of self, care relationships, and quality of care. Current research on violence and aging lacks systemic understanding of the environments and multi-level factors that precipitate or inhibit violent interactions across settings of long-term care. This research involves a multi-jurisdictional comparative research study of violence in home care and long-term care settings in two Canadian provinces (Manitoba and Nova Scotia). Study participants will include older adults, family carers, and care workers. Data collection will involve five phases, starting with document analysis and provincial surveys, and followed by remote interviews (including photo-elicitation), digital diaries, and observations. The integration of mixed methods data and comparison across provinces will generate rich explanations of the multi-level influences on violence and responses to violence as well as guide the development of an anti-violence policy framework in partnership with knowledge users. The study is approved by five university ethics committees and health authorities in each jurisdiction. All phases will be guided by a knowledge user advisory committee including older adults, family carers, healthcare workers, unions, long-term care organizations, and other relevant stakeholder groups from Manitoba and Nova Scotia. Results will be reviewed by the knowledge user advisory committee and made available through a series of reports, presentations, and journal articles.
Serious Game Design as Research-Creation to Address Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Sadati S. M. Hani , Mitchell Claudia
Published: October 2021

Research-creation is a growing practice in humanities that tries to balance the pace of socio-cultural inquiries with modern media advancements and qualitative knowledge construction methods. It refers to various conjunctions of “research” and “creation” (i.e., research-for-creation; research-from-creation; creative presentations of research; and creation-as-research) around an artistic component. Drawing from fieldwork with instructors in four agricultural colleges in rural Ethiopia, this article explores how a participatory arts-based serious game design process is explicable within the context of research-creation. This work’s change-oriented agenda led to developing Mela, a serious game, to educate and empower instructors in agriculture colleges to tackle sexual and gender-based violence issues in their institutions. Here, we articulate Mela’s design process, its artistic composition, and how we understand it from different angles of research-creation practices. We also offer our introspective accounts during and after the design stages, referencing culture and gender as critical concepts. Serious games are pedagogical products that are designed for a meaningful learning experience. This work deepens the understanding of how research-creation practice can benefit the serious game design field by ensuring the attention to both process and production.
Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract improves symptoms in IBS patients with diarrhoea: post hoc analysis of two randomized double-blind controlled studies
Authors: Ahluwalia Bani , Magnusson Maria K. , Böhn Lena , Störsrud Stine , Larsson Fredrik , Öhman Lena , Simrén Magnus
Published: October 2021

Background:

Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) extract was found to be well-tolerated, safe and showed beneficial effects in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients in two randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. However, the individual studies were underpowered to perform subgroup analyses. We therefore determined the effect of Aloe extract in IBS subgroups in a post hoc analysis combining the results from the two studies.

Methods:

Data from the two controlled studies comparing Aloe and control treatment taken orally for 4 weeks, were pooled. Both studies included IBS patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria and IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was assessed. We analysed the effect of Aloe extract on IBS symptom severity and the proportion of responders (IBS-SSS reduction ⩾ 50) in IBS subgroups.

Results:

In total, 213 IBS patients were included in the post hoc subgroup analyses. A reduction in overall symptom severity, primarily driven by effect on pain severity and frequency, comparing baseline versus end of treatment, was recorded in IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) receiving Aloe ( n = 38, p < 0.001) but not control treatment ( n = 33, p = 0.33), with difference between the treatment groups ( p = 0.01). Moreover, the frequency of responders was higher in IBS-D patients receiving Aloe ( n = 22, 58%) compared to control treatment ( n = 10, 30%) ( p = 0.02). The effect of Aloe extract treatment on IBS symptom severity was not superior to control treatment in the other IBS subtypes.

Conclusion:

Aloe extract improves symptom severity in IBS-D patients and can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment option for this patient group.
Diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography and transient elastography in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Sharpton Suzanne R. , Tamaki Nobuharu , Bettencourt Ricki , Madamba Egbert , Jung Jinho , Liu Amy , Behling Cynthia , Valasek Mark A. , Loomba Rohit
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) provide noninvasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. We compared performance of 2D-SWE and VCTE for fibrosis detection in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods:

We performed a prospective study of adults with NAFLD who underwent 2D-SWE, VCTE, and liver biopsy analysis (using Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network scoring system). The primary outcome was hepatic fibrosis (stage ⩾ 1); secondary outcomes included dichotomized fibrosis stages. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analyses were used to compare 2D-SWE and VCTE performance.

Results:

A total of 114 adults with a median BMI of 31.2 kg/m2 were included. The VCTE was better than 2D-SWE for the detection of fibrosis (AUROC: 0.81 versus 0.72, p = 0.03). The VCTE detected fibrosis stage 2, 3, or 4 with AUROCs of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–0.99), and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91–1.00). The 2D-SWE detected fibrosis stage 2, 3, or 4 with AUROCs of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.76–0.92), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.81–0.96), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99).

Conclusion:

In a prospective study including more than 100 adults with NAFLD, we found VCTE to be more accurate than 2D-SWE in detecting fibrosis; these modalities, however, are comparable in assessing for higher stages of fibrosis.
Second-line administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia: Italian Delphi-based consensus recommendations
Authors: Carpenedo Monica , Baldacci Erminia , Baratè Claudia , Borchiellini Alessandra , Buccisano Francesco , Calvaruso Giuseppina , Chiurazzi Federico , Fattizzo Bruno , Giuffrida Gaetano , Rossi Elena , Palandri Francesca , Scalzulli Potito Rosario , Siragusa Sergio Mario , Vitucci Angelantonio , Zaja Francesco
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

In patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), a short course of steroids is routinely given as first-line therapy. However, the response is often transient and additional therapy is usually needed. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) are frequently used as second-line therapy, although there is little clinical guidance on the timing of their administration and on tapering/discontinuation of the drug. To provide clinical recommendations, we used the Delphi technique to obtain consensus for statements regarding administration and on tapering/discontinuation of second-line TPO-RAs among a group of Italian clinicians with expertise in management of ITP.

Methods:

The Delphi process was used to obtain agreement on five statements regarding initiation and on tapering/discontinuation of second-line TPO-RAs. Agreement was considered when 75% of participants approved the statement. Eleven experts participated in the voting.

Results:

Full consensus was reached for three of the five statements. The experts held that an early switch from corticosteroids to a TPO-RA has the dual advantage of sparing patients from corticosteroid abuse and improve long-term clinical outcomes. All felt that dose reduction of TPO-RAs can be considered in patients with a stable response and platelet count >100 × 109/L that is maintained for at least 6 months in the absence of concomitant treatments, although there was less agreement in patients with a platelet count >50 × 109/L. Near consensus was reached regarding the statement that early treatment with a TPO-RA is associated with an increase in clinically significant partial or complete response. The experts also agreed that optimization of tapering and discontinuation of TPO-RA therapy in selected patients can improve the quality of life.

Conclusion:

The present consensus can help to provide guidance on use of TPO-RAs in daily practice in patients with ITP.

Plain language summary

Second-line administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in immune thrombocytopenia There is little guidance on the timing of administration and tapering/discontinuation of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The Delphi technique was used to obtain consensus for five statements. The present consensus among Italian clinicians aims to provide guidance on second-line use of TPO-RAs for patients with ITP in daily practice.
Current and emerging treatment options in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Fakhri Bita , Ai Weiyun
Published: October 2021

Previously considered a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is now recognized by the World Health Organization as an independent entity. PMBCL has clinicopathologic features that are separate from systemic DLBCL and harbors some biologic characteristics which overlap with nodular sclerosing classic Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL). Similar to cHL, copy number alterations of 9p24.1 are frequently seen in PMBCL, which leads to increased expression of key genes in the region, including programmed death-ligand 1( PD-L1), PD-L2, and JAK2. In addition, PMBCL cells express CD30 in a mostly patchy fashion. In the upfront setting, dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (i.e., DA-EPOCH-R) is the only regimen that has been shown in a prospective setting to result in outstanding outcomes without consolidative radiation to the mediastinum, with a 5-year event-free survival rate of 93% and overall survival rate of 97%. Thus, in recent years, DA-EPOCH-R has been recognized as the preferred frontline regimen. Despite the encouraging results in the frontline setting, the outcomes in the relapsed/refractory setting remain poor. The current approach of salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, as used in patients with DLBCL, does not result in high rates of cure in patients with rrPMBCL. In recent years, the characteristic molecular features identified in PMBCL have provided more treatment opportunities for this patient population. In the relapsed setting, single-agent PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab have demonstrated high and durable remission rates. Despite the expression of CD30, the CD30 antibody drug-conjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV) as a single agent has been deemed inactive in this disease. On the contrary, the combinations of BV and PD-1 inhibitor have shown higher response rates than PD-1 inhibitor alone. Moreover, anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy has been positioned as another successful strategy for patients with rrPMBCL. Axicabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel are two products used in rrPMBCL.
Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study
Authors: Guney Gurhan , Taskin Mine Islimye , Baykan Ozgur , Adali Ertan , Gul Tezcan Selin , Sarikaya Serkan , Kaya Cihan , Tolu Ezgi
Published: October 2021

Background:

Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Methods:

Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated.

Results:

Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis.

Conclusion:

We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.
Efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in the treatment of bipolar disorder across the lifespan: a systematic review
Authors: Besag Frank M.C. , Vasey Michael J. , Sharma Aditya N. , Lam Ivan C.H.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a cyclic mood disorder characterised by alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression interspersed with euthymic periods. Lamotrigine (LTG) demonstrated some mood improvement in patients treated for epilepsy, leading to clinical studies in patients with BD and its eventual introduction as maintenance therapy for the prevention of depressive relapse in euthymic patients. Most current clinical guidelines include LTG as a recommended treatment option for the maintenance phase in adult BD, consistent with its global licencing status.

Aims:

To review the evidence for the efficacy and safety of LTG in the treatment of all phases of BD.

Methods:

PubMed was searched for double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials using the keywords: LTG, Lamictal, ‘bipolar disorder’, ‘bipolar affective disorder’, ‘bipolar I’, ‘bipolar II’, cyclothymia, mania, manic, depression, depressive, ‘randomised controlled trial’, ‘randomised trial’, RCT and ‘placebo-controlled’ and corresponding MeSH terms. Eligible articles published in English were reviewed.

Results:

Thirteen studies were identified. The strongest evidence supports utility in the prevention of recurrence and relapse, particularly depressive relapse, in stabilised patients. Some evidence suggests efficacy in acute bipolar depression, but findings are inconsistent. There is little or no strong evidence in support of efficacy in acute mania, unipolar depression, or rapid-cycling BD. Few controlled trials have evaluated LTG in bipolar II or in paediatric patients. Indications for safety, tolerability and patient acceptability are relatively favourable, provided there is slow dose escalation to reduce the probability of skin rash.

Conclusion:

On the balance of efficacy and tolerability, LTG might be considered a first-line drug for BD, except for acute manic episodes or where rapid symptom control is required. In terms of efficacy alone, however, the evidence favours other medications.
Effect of aripiprazole as an adjunct to atypical antipsychotics on weight and metabolic profile: a 12-week open-label trial
Authors: Gupta Bhanu , Chee Kok-Seng , Neo Li-Qi , Tang Charmaine , Hariram Jayaraman , Tan Geoffrey Chern-Yee , Verma Swapna , Basu Sutapa , Appan Deva-Priya , Ting Chan-Chun , Abdin Edimansyah , Lee Jimmy
Published: October 2021

Background:

Atypical antipsychotics are widely prescribed, yet have been associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome.

Aim:

To study the effect of adjunct low-dose aripiprazole on weight and metabolic parameters of subjects on atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine or risperidone).

Methods:

The study was carried out as an open-label trial with a fixed dose of 5 mg aripiprazole added to the patient’s current antipsychotic for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was mean change in weight, while secondary outcome measures included change in waist circumference; fasting blood glucose; HbA1c; triglycerides; total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels; functioning; and neurocognition.

Results:

For the overall study ( n = 55), there was no significant effect of adjunct aripiprazole on the weight of the subjects. However, the clozapine group achieved significant weight loss ( p = 0.002) and also had significant improvements in total cholesterol ( p < 0.001), HDL ( p = 0.016), LDL ( p = 0.044) and triglyceride levels ( p = 0.038). The olanzapine group had significant improvement in triglycerides ( p = 0.001), and other metabolic parameters for this group showed improvement trends, but did not reach statistical significance. The risperidone group did not show any significant improvement in weight or metabolic parameters.

Conclusions:

The study adds support to the adjunctive use of aripiprazole to clozapine for weight loss and improvement in metabolic profile, and for reduction in cardiometabolic risk for patients on olanzapine.

Trial Registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02949752
Towards development of guidelines for virtual administration of paediatric standardized language and literacy assessments: Considerations for clinicians and researchers
Authors: Wood Emily , Bhalloo Insiya , McCaig Brittany , Feraru Cristina , Molnar Monika
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

Previous virtual care literature within the field of speech-language pathology has primarily focused on validating the virtual use of intervention programmes. There are fewer articles addressing the validity of conducting virtual assessments, particularly standardized assessment of oral language and literacy abilities in children. In addition, there is a lack of practical, useful recommendations available to support clinicians and researchers on how to conduct these assessment measures virtually. Given the recent rapid rise in virtual care and research as a result of the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, clinicians and researchers require guidance on best practices for virtual administration of these tools imminently. This article seeks to fill this gap in the literature by providing such recommendations.

Methods:

We (a) completed a narrative review of the extant literature, and (b) conducted semi-structured interviews with a group of 12 clinicians, students and researchers who had administered standardized language and literacy assessments with a variety of monolingual and multilingual school-aged children, with and without speech and language difficulties, in clinical and research settings. Six themes: candidacy for virtual assessment, communication and collaboration with caregivers, technology and equipment, virtual administration, ethics, consent and confidentiality, and considerations for bilingual populations were identified as a result of these two processes and were used to develop a set of recommendations to guide the use of standardized assessments in a virtual setting. In line with the Guidelines International Network, these recommendations were rated by group members, and reviewed by external stakeholders. A quasi-Delphi consensus procedure was used to reach agreement on ratings for recommendations.

Results:

We have developed and outlined several recommendations for clinicians and researchers to guide their use of standardized language and literacy assessments in virtual care, across six key themes.

Conclusions:

This article is one of the first to share practical recommendations for virtual assessment in the domain of oral language and literacy assessment for clinicians and researchers. We hope the current recommendations will facilitate future clinical research in this area, and as the body of research in this field grows, this article will act as a basis for the development of formal Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Construction of Mediated National Identity Through Sports Journalists Twitter Feed
Authors: Humayun Muhammad Fahad
Published: October 2021

This study analyzed how Pakistani and Indian national identity was portrayed in selected Pakistani and Indian journalists’ tweets about the 2017 International Cricket Council (ICC) champions trophy final. There is an extensive body of literature that has documented the triad between sports, media, and national identity. However, most of the sports communication literature related to mediated construction of national identity has focused on western countries. Through the lens of Elias’s habitus thesis and employing textual analysis, Pakistani and Indian journalists’ 641 tweets during the game were analyzed. Results suggest that there are potential national variations in sports journalism and the type of media platform used when it comes to mediated construction of national identity and that journalistic styles and practices across old and new media influence each other.
“With Politics, It’s Easier to Talk to Them About It”: Peer Racial Socialization and Sociopolitical Development Among Black College Students
Authors: Golden Alexandrea R. , Anderson Riana E. , Cooper Shauna M. , Hope Elan C. , Kloos Bret
Published: October 2021

With the increased frequency of highly publicized racism in the United States, the engagement of racial socialization among Black emerging adults and their peers is critical for navigating their racial experiences and organizing for change as evident in social movements led by young adults (e.g., Black Lives Matter). However, little is known about the process of peer racial socialization and its relation to sociopolitical development. In this study, we qualitatively explored these processes with 35 Black undergraduates attending a predominantly white institution. Two peer racial socialization themes associated with sociopolitical development emerged: Political Division and Media. An additional theme, Culture as a Form of Resistance, highlighted the relationship between peer racial socialization and coping with racism. Implications for further exploration of non-traditional forms of activism and the creation of safe spaces for Black college students are discussed.
Incidence and Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Lateral Hinge Fracture After Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Lee Sang-June , Kim Jae-Hwa , Baek Eugene , Ryu Han-Seung , Han Donghun , Choi Wonchul
Published: October 2021

Background:

Few clinical studies have reported the predictors of lateral hinge fracture (LHF) after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO).

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare the incidence of LHF on plain radiographs versus computed tomography (CT) scans and to investigate the factors related to the development of LHF after MOWHTO. We hypothesized that (1) a higher LHF detection rate would be seen on CT scans versus plain radiographs and (2) LHF incidence would be related to opening gap width and hinge position.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 97 MOWHTO cases were included. The presence and types of LHF were determined from plain radiographs and CT scans. Radiographic parameters were measured on plain radiographs taken 6 weeks postoperatively. Anterior and posterior opening gap widths, coronal and sagittal osteotomy slopes, and fibular height were calculated from CT scans. The wedge-hinge relationship and the zone of hinge position were assessed, and the patient and radiographic factors related to LHF occurrence were evaluated.

Results:

Seventeen LHF cases (20.5%) were detected on plain radiographs, while significantly more (37 cases; 44.6%) were found on CT scans ( P = .001). Based on Takeuchi classification, 28 LHF cases were considered type 1, 7 were type 2, and 2 were type 3. Logistic regression analysis revealed that opening gap width (odds ratio, 1.615; 95% confidence interval, 1.232-2.118; P = .001) and posterior opening gap width (odds ratio, 3.731; 95% confidence interval, 1.642-4.351; P = .008,) differed significantly between patients with versus without LHF. Other patient and radiographic factors were not significantly related to LHF occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the opening gap width cutoff values for LHF as 11.0 mm (area under the curve, 0.81; sensitivity, 78.4%; specificity, 73.9%).

Conclusion:

The incidence of LHF after MOWHTO can be underestimated on plain radiographs compared with CT scans. Only large opening gap width, especially posterior gap width, was found to have a statistically significant relationship with occurrence of LHF. Therefore, special caution for possible LHF may be needed if a large correction is planned.
ETV6-NCOA2 fusion induces T/myeloid mixed-phenotype leukemia through transformation of nonthymic hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Fishman Hila , Madiwale Shreyas , Geron Ifat , Bari Vase , Van Loocke Wouter , Kirschenbaum Yael , Ganmore Itamar , Kugler Eitan , Rein-Gil Avigail , Friedlander Gilgi , Schiby Ginette , Birger Yehudit , Strehl Sabine , Soulier Jean , Knoechel Birgit , Ferrando Adolfo , Noy-Lotan Sharon , Nagler Arnon , Mulloy James C. , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Izraeli Shai
Published: October 2021

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia is a rare subtype of leukemia in which both myeloid and lymphoid markers are co-expressed on the same malignant cells. The pathogenesis is largely unknown, and the treatment is challenging. We previously reported the specific association of the recurrent t(8;12)(q13;p13) chromosomal translocation that creates the ETV6-NCOA2 fusion with T/myeloid leukemias. Here we report that ETV6-NCOA2 initiates T/myeloid leukemia in preclinical models; ectopic expression of ETV6-NCOA2 in mouse bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors induced T/myeloid lymphoma accompanied by spontaneous Notch1-activating mutations. Similarly, cotransduction of human cord blood CD34+ progenitors with ETV6-NCOA2 and a nontransforming NOTCH1 mutant induced T/myeloid leukemia in immunodeficient mice; the immunophenotype and gene expression pattern were similar to those of patient-derived ETV6-NCOA2 leukemias. Mechanistically, we show that ETV6-NCOA2 forms a transcriptional complex with ETV6 and the histone acetyltransferase p300, leading to derepression of ETV6 target genes. The expression of ETV6-NCOA2 in human and mouse nonthymic hematopoietic progenitor cells induces transcriptional dysregulation, which activates a lymphoid program while failing to repress the expression of myeloid genes such as CSF1 and MEF2C. The ETV6-NCOA2 induced arrest at an early immature T-cell developmental stage. The additional acquisition of activating NOTCH1 mutations transforms the early immature ETV6-NCOA2 cells into T/myeloid leukemias. Here, we describe the first preclinical model to depict the initiation of T/myeloid leukemia by a specific somatic genetic aberration.
SHMT2 inhibition disrupts the TCF3 transcriptional survival program in Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Wilke Anne C. , Doebele Carmen , Zindel Alena , Lee Kwang Seok , Rieke Sara A. , Ceribelli Michele , Comoglio Federico , Phelan James D. , Wang James Q. , Pikman Yana , Jahn Dominique , Häupl Björn , Schneider Constanze , Scheich Sebastian , Tosto Frances A. , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Stauder Philipp , Schnütgen Frank , Slabicki Mikolaj , Coulibaly Zana A. , Wolf Sebastian , Bojarczuk Kamil , Chapuy Björn , Brandts Christian H. , Stroebel Philipp , Lewis Caroline A. , Engelke Michael , Xu Xincheng , Kim Hahn , Dang Thanh Hung , Schmitz Roland , Hodson Daniel J. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Urlaub Henning , Serve Hubert , Schmitt Clemens A. , Kreuz Fernando , Knittel Gero , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Thomas Craig , Staudt Louis M. , Zenz Thorsten , Oellerich Thomas
Published: October 2021

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive lymphoma type that is currently treated by intensive chemoimmunotherapy. Despite the favorable clinical outcome for most patients with BL, chemotherapy-related toxicity and disease relapse remain major clinical challenges, emphasizing the need for innovative therapies. Using genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we identified B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, specific transcriptional regulators, and one-carbon metabolism as vulnerabilities in BL. We focused on serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2), a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism. Inhibition of SHMT2 by either knockdown or pharmacological compounds induced anti-BL effects in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SHMT2 inhibition led to a significant reduction of intracellular glycine and formate levels, which inhibited the mTOR pathway and thereby triggered autophagic degradation of the oncogenic transcription factor TCF3. Consequently, this led to a collapse of tonic BCR signaling, which is controlled by TCF3 and is essential for BL cell survival. In terms of clinical translation, we also identified drugs such as methotrexate that synergized with SHMT inhibitors. Overall, our study has uncovered the dependency landscape in BL, identified and validated SHMT2 as a drug target, and revealed a mechanistic link between SHMT2 and the transcriptional master regulator TCF3, opening up new perspectives for innovative therapies.
Oncogenic role of the SOX9-DHCR24-cholesterol biosynthesis axis in IGH-BCL2+ diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Shen Yajie , Zhou Jingqi , Nie Kui , Cheng Shuhua , Chen Zhengming , Wang Wenhan , Wei Weiqing , Jiang Daiji , Peng Zijing , Ren Yizhuo , Zhang Yirong , Fan Qiuju , Richards Kristy L. , Qi Yitao , Cheng Jinke , Tam Wayne , Ma Jiao
Published: October 2021

Although oncogenicity of the stem cell regulator SOX9 has been implicated in many solid tumors, its role in lymphomagenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, SOX9 was overexpressed preferentially in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) that harbor IGH-BCL2 translocations. SOX9 positivity in DLBCL correlated with an advanced stage of disease. Silencing of SOX9 decreased cell proliferation, induced G1/S arrest, and increased apoptosis of DLBCL cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Whole-transcriptome analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing assays identified DHCR24, a terminal enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, as a direct target of SOX9, which promotes cholesterol synthesis by increasing DHCR24 expression. Enforced expression of DHCR24 was capable of rescuing the phenotypes associated with SOX9 knockdown in DLBCL cells. In models of DLBCL cell line xenografts, SOX9 knockdown resulted in a lower DHCR24 level, reduced cholesterol content, and decreased tumor load. Pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol synthesis also inhibited DLBCL xenograft tumorigenesis, the reduction of which is more pronounced in DLBCL cell lines with higher SOX9 expression, suggesting that it may be addicted to cholesterol. In summary, our study demonstrated that SOX9 can drive lymphomagenesis through DHCR24 and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. This SOX9-DHCR24-cholesterol biosynthesis axis may serve as a novel treatment target for DLBCLs.
Infectious complications of CAR T-cell therapy across novel antigen targets in the first 30 days
Authors: Mikkilineni Lekha , Yates Bonnie , Steinberg Seth M. , Shahani Shilpa A. , Molina John C. , Palmore Tara , Lee Daniel W. , Kaplan Rosandra N. , Mackall Crystal L. , Fry Terry J. , Gea-Banacloche Juan , Jerussi Theresa , Nussenblatt Veronique , Kochenderfer James N. , Shah Nirali N.
Published: October 2021

Infections are a known complication of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy with data largely emerging from CD19 CAR T-cell targeting. As CAR T-cell therapy continues to evolve, infection risks and management thereof will become increasingly important to optimize outcomes across the spectrum of antigens and disease targeted. We retrospectively characterized infectious complications occurring in 162 children and adults treated among 5 phase 1 CAR T-cell clinical trials. Trials included targeting of CD19, CD22, disialoganglioside (GD2) or B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). Fifty-three patients (32.7%) had 76 infections between lymphocyte depleting (LD) chemotherapy and day 30 (D30); with the majority of infections (61, 80.3%) occurring between day 0 (D0) and D30. By trial, the highest proportion of infections was seen with CD22 CAR T cells (n = 23/53; 43.4%), followed by BCMA CAR T cells (n = 9/24; 37.5%). By disease, patients with multiple myeloma had the highest proportion of infections (9/24; 37.5%) followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (36/102; 35.3%). Grade 4 infections were rare (n = 4; 2.5%). Between D0 and D30, bacteremia and bacterial site infections were the most common infection type. In univariate analysis, increasing prior lines of therapy, recent infection within 100 days of LD chemotherapy, corticosteroid or tocilizumab use, and fever and neutropenia were associated with a higher risk of infection. In a multivariable analysis, only prior lines of therapy and recent infection were associated with higher risk of infection. In conclusion, we provide a broad overview of infection risk within the first 30 days post infusion across a host of multiple targets and diseases, elucidating both unique characteristics and commonalities highlighting aspects important to improving patient outcomes.
Iodine value of tung biodiesel fuel using Wijs method is significantly lower than calculated value
Authors: Suzuki Toshisada , Sumimoto Kazuki , Fukada Kazuhiro , Katayama Takeshi
Published: October 2021

The tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is a non-edible oil plant native to southern China and was introduced in Japan in the nineteenth century. The tree produces tung oil, which is composed of approximately 80% α-eleostearic acid (9c, 11t, 13t-octadecatrienoic acid), 7% linoleic acid, and 6% oleic acid. Tung oil may be a non-edible source of biodiesel fuel (BDF) production. The iodine value (IV) is one of parameters to guarantee BDF quality, and the most common method for the determination of IV is the Wijs method. The IV can be calculated from the average molecular weight and the number of double bonds from the GC–MS data. In this study, the IVs of olive, castor, soybean, linseed, and perilla BDF using the Wijs method were found to be almost the same as the calculated IV. On the other hand, the IV of tung BDF by the Wijs method indicated a significantly lower value than that of the calculated value. To determine the cause of this discrepancy, the samples before and after halogenation using the Wijs method, were analyzed by 1H NMR. The conjugated double bond signals did not disappear, and a broad double bond signal remained in the tung BDF spectrum after halogenation. These results demonstrated that iodine, with a large atomic radius, could not react completely with the three conjugated double bonds in α-eleostearic acid. Therefore, the IV of tung BDF was significantly lower than the calculated value.
Impact of Working Together for adults with autism spectrum disorder: a multifamily group intervention
Authors: Smith DaWalt Leann , Hickey Emily , Hudock Rebekah , Esler Amy , Mailick Marsha
Published: October 2021

Background

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower engagement in their communities, higher rates of unemployment/underemployment, and continued difficulties with challenging behavior compared to their neurotypical peers. Multi-family psychoeducation emphasizes education and problem-solving with the goal of improving these outcomes for the individual with the disability.

Methods

Using a randomized waitlist control design, the present study evaluated a multi-family group psychoeducation intervention,Working Together,for adults on the autism spectrum without intellectual disability (n = 40). Five waves of data were collected at 3-month intervals. In this design, families in the intervention condition participated in intervention during the 6 months between baseline and time 3 data collection; the waitlist control condition received the intervention immediately after the time 3 data collection. We compared these two conditions, intervention group (n = 20) vs waitlist control group (n = 20), on key outcomes for the adults with ASD: engagement in work-related activities, engagement in meaningful activities, and behavior problems.

Results

Results indicated medium to large effect sizes associated with theWorking Togetherintervention across key outcomes, including adults on the spectrum experiencing significant increases in meaningful activities and decreases in internalizing problems. Although increases in work-related activities were not statistically significant, an observed one-half of a standard deviation difference from before to after the intervention indicated clinically significant change. We also found maintenance of the treatment effect through 6 months post-treatment for the intervention group and replication of the treatment effect within the control group after they received the intervention.

Conclusion

Working Togetheris a promising multi-family group psychoeducation intervention designed to improve functioning during adulthood. These findings highlight the need for more intervention services research during adulthood and specifically the need for family-centered supports.
Associations between urinary heavy metal concentrations and blood pressure in residents of Asian countries
Authors: Mizuno Yuki , Shimizu-Furusawa Hana , Konishi Shoko , Inaoka Tsukasa , Ahmad Sk Akhtar , Sekiyama Makiko , Abdoellah Oekan S. , Gunawan Budhi , Parajuli Rajendra Prasad , Ikemoto Yukio , Lam Tran Dinh , Watanabe Chiho , Umezaki Masahiro
Published: October 2021

Background

Previous studies have suggested that exposures to heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium) may be associated with differences in blood pressure. However, the findings of these studies have been inconsistent. This study was performed to examine the associations between urinary heavy metal concentrations and blood pressure among residents of four Asian countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, and Vietnam).

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined 1899 adults in four Asian countries. Urinary concentrations of heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A questionnaire survey was administered regarding individual characteristics. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were performed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured after a short rest. Multiple linear regression models were applied to investigate associations between urinary heavy metal concentrations and blood pressure after adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index.

Results

The geometric means of the urinary concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium were 84.6, 0.885, 2.09, and 16.5 μg/g creatinine, respectively. The urinary arsenic concentrations were slightly higher than those typically reported in non-polluted populations, while urinary cadmium, lead, and selenium concentrations were equivalent or slightly lower. The urinary lead concentrations were positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but urinary selenium concentrations were negatively associated with them.

Conclusions

Variations in the urinary concentrations of lead and selenium were associated with blood pressure at low levels of exposure/intake.