bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining Selected Prime Agriculture Commodities through Three Methods
Authors: ANWAR Chairil , MAPPATOBA Marhawati , HM Syamsuddin , TAQWA Edhi
Published: June 2021

Local governments should be able to take pay attention to plan action in efficient way in developing economy of the regency, in order to optimise the economic advantages in the region and to encourage local economic growth. For this purpose, it should be considered to design development planning through selecting sub-sectors and prime products in further design plan of action for the region. This research aims to determine selective prime commodities and sub sector potential through three methods which areas: 1) Location Quotient Analysis, 2) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 3) Exponential Comparation Method /MPE. The results show that the plantation sub-sector is selected as sector basis of the economy with the value of LQ=1,3694 or LQ>1. In line with the plantation subsector which is nominated as the prime subsector in Tolitoli regency with weight priority value of 0.2927, then the cloves product is selected as prime commodity in the Region with the MPE total weight of 13.1416, and this commodity is nominated as commodity basis with the LQ value of 13.5754.
Conceptualization of Gastronomic Tourism as Innovative Tourist Model in Russia
Authors: DRACHEVA Elena L. , SAVINKINA Larisa A. , KULGACHEV Ivan P. , KOSOLAPOV Alexander B. , MELTSOV Alexey V.
Published: June 2021

Today in Russia gastronomic tourism has made a spurt of dynamic development. This was caused not only by the current situation with COVID-2019, which contributes to the development of domestic tourism, but also by the increased interest in this type of tourism in general. Gastronomic tourism not only contributes to the growth of the flow of tourists to a particular region, in order to visit gastronomic festivals, fairs, etc. events, acquaintance with the gastronomic features of the destination, but also contributes to the development of agriculture, processing industries, and ultimately plays an important role in shaping the image of a particular region and the country as a whole. In some areas of gastronomic tourism, Russia is an innovator, whose experience can be used by other countries as well.
Examining the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Development Programs and Business Performance among Entrepreneurs in Tioman Island, Malaysia
Authors: HALIM Muhammad Abi Sofian Abdul , OMAR Khatijah , SAPUTRA Jumadil , KAMARUDDIN Siti Nor Adawiyah Azzahra , RAZALI Md Khairul Azwan Md
Published: June 2021

Malaysia is an ecotourism destination that attracts foreign tourists, like ecotourism destinations in Bali, Chiang-Mai, Hat Yai, Phuket, and Aceh. Tioman Island is one of the most beautiful island destinations in Southeast Asia and receives an abundance of foreign tourists every year. This influx of tourists has built a new market segment and ecotourism concept approach, especially to micro and small entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. Some micro and small ecotourism operators in Tioman Island face competition problems with some medium-level companies that offer more competitive tourism products. This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurship development programs and business performance among entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. The findings showed that technology application and market access have a significant positive effect on business performance. Besides that, three other variables, namely, business networking, business financing, and training skill, do not significantly affect the business performance among entrepreneurs in Tioman Island. In conclusion, two significant variables that have contributed to entrepreneur business performance in Tioman Island are technology application and market access.  This study can provide opportunities for some micro and small entrepreneurs among the island community, such as lodging services, homestays, chalets, and recreational services.
Education in Function of Tourist Products
Authors: TAHIRI Alberta , KOVAÇI Idriz , KRASNIQI Avni
Published: June 2021

In the contemporary conditions of tourism activity, tourism enterprises pay special attention to the quality of tourism production, but the dynamic development of living standards, computerized society, new computer technologies, globalization, and others, where tourism requirements and motives may change. The quality of tourism production has a different concept from that of other economic activities. Quality service in the tourism sector means meeting the requirements of the guest - tourist. In the modern conditions of tourism activity, tourism companies pay special attention and care to the quality of tourism production, but here lies the key to the success of any tourism entity, a constant effort to compete in the increasingly fierce tourism market. The need to have the highest quality tourism production forces tourism enterprises to change the managerial concept and use new techniques, putting at the center of their activities the quality of tourism production and service. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of education on the quality of tourism products, special focus on their meaning, to formulate better strategies in quality improvement as a key element in tourism development, evaluation of tourism products and resources, and in the first place the cultural and historical ones that each particular region has at its disposal as a whole with its own tourist offer. Looking at the different geographical regions we conclude that they have their own peculiarities and different levels of tradition and level of approach to the organization of the tourism branch. But the country can on a strong foundation build the advantages and the identity of the tourism product in high quality forms and content, a product which will be competitive and complementary to the offer of the respective countries.
The value of student feedback in open forums: A natural analysis of descriptions of poorly rated teachers
Authors: Valcarcel Carlos , Holmes Jeffrey , Berliner David C. , Koerner Mari
Published: June 2021

In this paper we used natural language processing to review hundreds of thousands of negative student reviews of their teachers submitted to the website RateMyTeacher.com. Our analysis identified several issues raised by students when rating teachers poorly, which adds to the literature that defines “bad teachers” from the student perspective. We also identify the language students used to describe these issues and notice a clear distinction between the language used to address teaching-related complaints and behavior perceived as unfit for teachers. We argue that digital forums can be valuable tools for schools and conclude with suggestions and examples of the type of policies that may be derived from this type of analysis of a digital forum for students.
Mikroplastik Pada Sedimen di Zona Pemukiman, Zona Perlindungan Bahari dan Zona Pemanfaatan Darat Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara
Authors: Kurniawan Revo Raprika , Suprijanto Jusup , Ridlo Ali
Published: June 2021

Karimunjawa merupakan salah satu kawasan Taman Nasional yang terdapat di Indonesia yang terdiri dari pulau-pulau dan terbagi menjadi beberapa zona yang disesuaikan menurut fungsi dan peruntukkannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kelimpahan mikroplastik pada sedimen di zona pemukiman, zona pemanfaatan darat, dan zona perlindungan bahari Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Sampel sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan pipa di 3 lokasi yaitu Pelabuhan Perintis, Legon Lele, dan Cemara Kecil. Sampel dikeringkan kemudian dipisahkan berdasakan ukuran butir menggunakan sieve shaker. Sedimen yang terjebak dalam sieve ukuran 0,3 dan 0,1 mm direndam dalam H2O2 30% selama 24 jam selanjutnya mikroplastik dipisahkan dari sedimen dengan 100 ml ZnCl2 densitas 1,5 g/cm-3 kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan kerta Whatman No. 40. Mikroplastik diamati bentuk, warna, dan jumlah menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan perbesaran 100x dan diidentifikasi secara visual. Jenis mikroplastik ditentukan dengan Uji FT-IR. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada lokasi Legon Lele dengan jumlah sebesar 340 partikel/kg, pada Pelabuhan Perintis sebanyak 245 partikel/kg, dan pada Cemara Kecil sebanyak 245 partikel/kg. Bentuk mikroplastik yang ditemukan yaitu fragment, film, dan fiber. Jenis mikroplastik diduga yaitu HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, dan Nylon. Karimunjawa is one of the National Park areas in Indonesia which consists of islands and is divided into zones which are adjusted according to their function and purpose. This study aims to determine the type and abundance of microplastics in sediments in residential zones, land use zones, and marine protection zones of the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara. Sediment samples were taken using pipes in 3 locations, namely Perintis Harbor, Legon Lele, and Cemara Kecil. The sample is dried and then separated based on grain size using a sieve shaker. Sediments trapped in 0.3 and 0.1 mm sieve sizes were soaked in 30% H2O2 for 24 hours and then microplastic was separated from sediments with 100 ml of ZnCl2 density 1.5 g / cm-3 then filtered using Whatman No. kerta 40. Microplastic observed shapes, colors, and quantities using a light microscope with a magnification of 100x and identified visually. Microplastic type was determined by FT-IR Test. The results showed the highest microplastic abundance was found at the Legon Lele location with an abundance of 340 particles / kg, at the Port of Pioneer as much as 245 particles / kg, and at Cemara Kecil as much as 245 particles / kg. Microplastic forms found are fragments, films, and fibers. Microplastic types are suspected namely HDPE, PVC, Polypropylene (PP), Polystrene (PS), ABS, Latex, LDPE, Nitrile, and Nylon.
Dapatkah Megabentos Epifauna Tumbuh pada Geobag? Studi Kasus di Desa Banyuurip, Gresik
Authors: Sartimbul Aida , Agustin Rafika Devi , Saputra Dhira Khurniawan , Yona Defri , Sari Syarifah Hikmah Julinda , Iranawati Feni , Hidayati Nurin
Published: June 2021

Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah abrasi di wilayah pesisir pantai Desa Banyuurip, Gresik. Upaya yang dilakukan salah satunya adalah reboisasi mangrove, namun upaya tersebut belum efektif, sehingga salah satu solusinya adalah dengan dipasangnya geosyntheticbag (geobag), yang merupakan kantong ramah lingkungan berisi pasir yang disusun dan dapat berfungsi sebagai perangkap sedimen dan pelindung pantai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pada bulan ke berapa biota dapat tumbuh pada geosintetik dan struktur komunitas biota yang tumbuh menggunakan metode random transek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa megabentos epifauna dapat tumbuh pada geobag pada bulan ke-4 setelah pemasangan, yang terdiri dari 3 spesies yaitu Metopograpsus sp., Ostrea edulis, dan Fistulobalanus albicostatus. Kelimpahan jenis megabentos pada bulan ke-4 rata-rata mencapai 198 individu/m2, sedangkan kelimpahan pada bulan ke-5 mencapai 259 individu/m2. Hasil perhitungan indeks struktur komunitas megabentos pada bulan ke-4 dan ke-5 secara berurutan meliputi indeks keanekaragaman (H’) bernilai 0,10 dan 0,11; indeks keseragaman (c) bernilai 0,09 dan 0,10; dan indeks dominansi bernilai 0,96 dan 0,96. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa geobag berfungsi sebagai pencegah abrasi serta sekaligus dapat menyatu dengan media di sekitarnya sehingga diklaim ramah lingkungan, karena dapat ditumbuhi biota yang tidak mengganggu atau merubah struktur komunitas biota di wilayah tersebut. Various attempts have been made to solve the abrasion in the coastal area of Banyuurip Village, Gresik. To overcome this problem, the community planted the mangroves, but these have not been effective. One solution to this problem is to install a geosynthetic bag (geobag), which is an environmentally friendly bag that is arranged and can be function as a sediment trap. The purpose of this study was to determine when the megabenthos can grow in the geosynthetic and how the community structure grow using the quadrant random transect method. The result showed that epifaunal megabenthos could grow on geobag at the fourth month after installation, which consisted of 3 species. The abundance of megabenthos at the 4th month averaged 198 individuals/m2, while the abundance at the 5th month reached 259 individuals/m2. The structure index (H’) in January and February were 0.10 and 0.11, respectively.  The similarity index (C) were 0.09 and 0.10, and while the dominance index was 0.96 and 0.96. This study is suggested that the geobag can be function both as a deterrent to abrasion and simultaneously integrate with the surrounding media and be claim as environmentally friendly, because it can be overgrown with biota that does not disturb or change the structure of the biota community in the area.
Understanding the Nordic Gender Diversity Paradox
Authors: Minelgaite Inga , Sund Berit , Stankeviciene Jelena
Published: June 2021

Norway and Iceland consistently top global gender equality rankings and pioneer the introduction of various measures for increased gender diversity. Still, actual gender diversity in top- level positions is lacking. This article seeks to better understand the contradiction between gender equality as a value and the actual lack of gender diversity and presents a conceptual model built of existing literature, which draws on potential differences between values held at the societal level and the individual level, and subsequent consequences for attitudes to diversity and diversity- impacting behaviors. Conceptual propositions are set forth that can be developed into a testable hypothesis.
The Right to Be Forgotten in the European Perspective
Authors: Razmetaeva Yulia
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the right to be forgotten, which is at the center of changes in the concept of human rights in the digital age. The origins of the right to be forgotten in European legal doctrine and judicial practice, as well as its relationship with autonomy and identity, are analyzed. The article also examines the significance of the new understanding of “time” and “data” for the adoption of this right, considering the influence of two key cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union, such as Google v. Spain [2014] and Google v. CNIL [2019] on the concept of the right to be forgotten. The place of this right, its connection with privacy and European data protection law is debated. The article focuses on jurisdictional issues, paying particular attention to both the right to be forgotten and the understanding of the relationship between privacy a nd freedom of expression in the European Union and the United States, and possible jurisdictional disputes around the world. The article also addresses the issue of balancing rights and legitimate interests, as well as the proportionality for applying the right to be forgotten, both in the European and global contexts.
Excessive Pricing of Pharmaceuticals in the EU: Balancing between Exploitation and Exploitative Abuse
Authors: Minn Mari
Published: June 2021

Normally, after the end of the exclusivity period offered by patents, medicines fall in public domain attracting competing companies to launch generic production that would bring down price levels. for different reasons, generic production of off-patented medicines does not always take place, allowing the main producer to continue dictate price levels. under some circumstances, this conduct may turn into exploitative abuse. However, excessive pricing itself is not anti-competitive unless other cost-and non-cost-related factors are present that turn excessive pricing a concern of competition law.

The article analyses the most relevant Eu case-law on abusive pricing in the pharmaceutical sector questioning what the right benchmark price is in the light of theUnited Brandstwo-limb test. As economic calculations cannot provide universal solutions in these cases, the article suggests that theUnited Brandstest should not be the only method to judge exploitative abuse, but rather a combination of different methods that need to be applied to achieve reliable results. As emphasised in several cases, both economic calculations and other factors should be considered to avoid the risk of false-positive results. furthermore, exploitative abuse exists only in case excessive pricing is additionally unfair. However, judging unfairness, as discussed in this article, is a complicated task where the outcomes depend on the impact of the test results on the competition process.
Regulatory Framework of the Research-Based Approach to Education in the EU
Authors: Joamets Kristi , Vasquez Maria Claudia Solarte
Published: June 2021

Higher education institutions around the world have embarked on complex journeys of organizational change to facilitate the transition towards a more competent and educated society, especially one able to adapt to advanced and sustainable political, economic and sociotechnical paradigms. in this context, leading universities have adopted the Research-Based (rB) approach as a fundamental component of their strategies to bring closer together their main educational activities: teaching, learning and research. However, in spite of ample efforts, serious shortcomings at the implementation level are commonly reported. Especially revealing are the students’ limited self-reliance, confidence, and academic research and writing skills documented in the literature. This article examines and updates the concept of Research-Based maps and explores the multilevel regulatory framework that has conditioned the implementation and alignment of educational initiatives, including the institutional arrangements that are common in public universities in the European union, and in Estonia, as an example. it enhances the understanding of complex institutional and regulatory interactions in general, emphasizing the importance of reflexive and well justified normative determination.
Wavelet collocation methods for solving neutral delay differential equations
Authors: Faheem Mo , Raza Akmal , Khan Arshad
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we proposed wavelet based collocation methods for solving neutral delay differential equations. We use Legendre wavelet, Hermite wavelet, Chebyshev wavelet and Laguerre wavelet to solve the neutral delay differential equations numerically. We solved five linear and one nonlinear problem to demonstrate the accuracy of wavelet series solution. Wavelet series solution converges fast and gives more accurate results in comparison to other methods present in literature. We compare our results with Runge–Kutta-type methods by Wang et al. (Stability of continuous Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear neutral delay-differential equations,” Appl. Math. Model, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 3319–3329, 2009) and one-leg θ methods by Wang et al. (Stability of one-leg θ method for nonlinear neutral differential equations with proportional delay,” Appl. Math. Comput., vol. 213, no. 1, pp. 177–183, 2009) and observe that our results are more accurate.
Synthetic biology open language visual (SBOL Visual) version 2.3
Authors: Baig Hasan , Fontanarossa Pedro , Kulkarni Vishwesh , McLaughlin James , Vaidyanathan Prashant , Bartley Bryan , Bhakta Shyam , Bhatia Swapnil , Bissell Mike , Clancy Kevin , Cox Robert Sidney , Goñi Moreno Angel , Gorochowski Thomas , Grunberg Raik , Lee Jihwan , Luna Augustin , Madsen Curtis , Misirli Goksel , Nguyen Tramy , Le Novere Nicolas , Palchick Zachary , Pocock Matthew , Roehner Nicholas , Sauro Herbert , Scott-Brown James , Sexton John T. , Stan Guy-Bart , Tabor Jeffrey J. , Terry Logan , Vazquez Vilar Marta , Voigt Christopher A. , Wipat Anil , Zong David , Zundel Zach , Beal Jacob , Myers Chris
Published: June 2021

People who are engineering biological organisms often find it useful to communicate in diagrams, both about the structure of the nucleic acid sequences that they are engineering and about the functional relationships between sequence features and other molecular species. Some typical practices and conventions have begun to emerge for such diagrams. The Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) has been developed as a standard for organizing and systematizing such conventions in order to produce a coherent language for expressing the structure and function of genetic designs. This document details version 2.3 of SBOL Visual, which builds on the prior SBOL Visual 2.2 in several ways. First, the specification now includes higher-level “interactions with interactions,” such as an inducer molecule stimulating a repression interaction. Second, binding with a nucleic acid backbone can be shown by overlapping glyphs, as with other molecular complexes. Finally, a new “unspecified interaction” glyph is added for visualizing interactions whose nature is unknown, the “insulator” glyph is deprecated in favor of a new “inert DNA spacer” glyph, and the polypeptide region glyph is recommended for showing 2A sequences.
Kant on the Formation of Empirical Concepts
Authors: Wang Weijia
Published: June 2021

According to Kant’s lectures on logic, the formation of empirical concepts consists in the logical acts of comparison, reflection, and abstraction. This paper defends the tenability of Kant’s account by solving two prominent difficulties identified by commentators. Firstly, I justify Kant’s chronological presentation of the three acts by clarifying two meanings of ‘comparison’ in his writings: while comparison-1 refers to apprehension in relation to apperception and precedes reflection, comparison-2 refers to a twofold operation comprising both comparison-1 and reflection, such that its completion presupposes reflection. Secondly, to unravel an alleged ‘circularity’ in Kant’s account, I propose multiple interactions between comparison-1, which can be entirely arbitrary, and reflection, which examines the compared representations according to the imagination’s free agreement with the understanding, namely, a lawfulness without law. By means of such interactions, we experiment back and forth and lawfully generate an empirical concept without relying on conceptual guidance.
Kant on Touch, Embodied Activity, and the Perception of Causal Force
Authors: Robertson Rachel Siow
Published: June 2021

In the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Kant claims that perception of force through touch is fundamental to our knowledge of substance in space. However, he also holds that perception cannot have modal content. Causation is a modal notion, so how can Kant allow perception of causal force? In response to this puzzle, I provide a new reading of Kant’s theory of touch. Touch does not involve perception of the necessity of a cause, but it does involve awareness of the activity of our body in relation to other bodies. Human embodied activity has a hitherto unrecognized central role in Kant’s accounts of empirical cognition of substance in space, the science of such a substance, and the irreducibility of its causal forces.
Three Kantian Accounts of Concept Formation
Authors: McAndrew Matthew
Published: June 2021

This article has two aims. First, I offer a philological analysis of a key passage from Kant’s Logic: § 6. § 6 is widely regarded as the locus classicus for Kant’s theory of concept formation. However, I show that the part of this section that is most cited and discussed by scholars should not be attributed to Kant, as it is not corroborated by any of his Reflexionen. Second, I attempt to identify Jäsche’s source for this unsupported passage. Ultimately, I conclude that the unsupported passage in § 6 was based on a set of student notes that was similar to the Wiener and Warschauer logic notebooks. However, I also argue that it would be a mistake to regard this passage as the final or definitive statement of Kant’s views about concept formation.
Zur vermeintlichen vorkritischen Moralphilosophie in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft
Authors: Geismann Georg
Published: June 2021

Time and again, one finds in the literature the view that Kant held a pre-critical or semi-critical moral philosophy in the canon chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason. This is shown, firstly, by the fact that practical freedom is understood as cognized through experience and, secondly, by the fact that Kant not only allows a sensuous incentive for the observance of the moral law, but considers it necessary. Against that, it is argued in this essay that, firstly, moral philosophy as such is not addressed in the canon at all and, secondly, that the canon by no means approves of sensuous incentives with regard to the morally required promotion of the highest good. What is indeed addressed, although only in the second section of the canon, is moral theology.
La battaglia di Pidna. Aspetti topografici e strategici
Authors: Morelli Davide
Published: June 2021

Riassunto

Sulla base di nuove considerazioni, si propone la ricostruzione della battaglia di Pidna (168 a.C.) sotto l’aspetto topografico, tattico e strategico. Il luogo dello scontro individuato da N.G.L. Hammond viene confermato, ma vi sono dettagli delle fonti che fanno pensare a una diversa disposizione delle truppe. La battaglia sembra essere stata accuratamente preparata dai Romani.
Molecular topological invariants of certain chemical networks
Authors: Ul Haq Bokhary Syed Ahtsham , Imran Muhammad , Akhter Shehnaz , Manzoor Sadia
Published: June 2021

Topological descriptors are the graph invariants that are used to explore the molecular topology of the molecular/chemical graphs. In QSAR/QSPR research, physico-chemical characteristics and topological invariants including Randić, atom-bond connectivity, and geometric arithmetic invariants are utilized to corelate and estimate the structure relationship and bioactivity of certain chemical compounds. Graph theory and discrete mathematics have discovered an impressive utilization in the area of research. In this article, we investigate the valency-depended invariants for certain chemical networks like generalized Aztec diamonds and tetrahedral diamond lattice. Moreover, the exact values of invariants for these categories of chemical networks are derived.
The categorial, argument structural and aspectual indeterminacy of past participles: A holistic approach
Authors: Wegner Dennis
Published: June 2021

The present paper argues that all kinds of verbal and adjectival instantiations of past participles have a common core: a participial head associated with an argument structural effect, on the one hand, and an aspectual contribution, on the other. The former amounts to the suppression of an external argument (if present), which existentially binds the semantic role associated with this argument, and the latter renders simple event structures with change-of-state semantics (and only those) perfective. Based on these ingredients (and the contribution of the auxiliaryhave, if present), it is not just possible to account for how past participles elicit periphrastic passive as well as perfect configurations, but crucially also for their bare (i. e. auxiliaryless) occurrences in a range of distributions: stative passives, stative perfects, absolute clauses, pre- and postnominal occurrences, and adverbial clauses. These, in turn, differ in their properties on the basis of (a) the presence of a stativising PredP, (b) the availability of an adjectival head that triggers λ-abstraction of an internal argument, and (c) the complexity of the underlying verbal structure in terms of the availability of vP. This eventually allows for a ‘holistic’ approach to the flexibility of past participles that delineates a common core supplemented by distinct functional surroundings.
Site preference and atomic ordering in the ternary Rh5Ga2As: first-principles calculations
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Giri Sucharita , Harshit  , Jana Partha P.
Published: June 2021

The site preference and atomic ordering of the ternary Rh5Ga2As have been investigated using first-principles density functional theory (DFT). An interesting atomic ordering of two neighboring elements Ga and As reported in the structure of Rh5Ga2As by X-ray diffraction data only is confirmed by first-principles total-energy calculations. The previously reported experimental model with Ga/As ordering is indeed the most stable in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The calculation detected that there is an obvious trend concerning the influence of the heteroatomic Rh–Ga/As contacts on the calculated total energy. Interestingly, the orderly distribution of As and Ga that is found in the binary GaAs (Zinc-blende structure type), retained to ternary Rh5Ga2As. The density of states (DOS) and Crystal Orbital Hamiltonian Population (COHP) are calculated to enlighten the stability and bonding characteristics in the structure of Rh5Ga2As. The bonding analysis also confirms that Rh–Ga/As short contacts are the major driving force towards the overall stability of the compound.
Antisemitismuskritische Bildung als Aufgabe des Religionsunterrichts
Authors: Boschki Reinhold
Published: June 2021

Der Beitrag geht aus von der extremen Zunahme antisemitischer Äußerungen im Internet und damit in der Lebenswelt junger Menschen. Die Grundthese ist, dass religiöse Bildung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Prävention und Kritik judenfeindlicher Haltungen leisten kann. Dazu werden die theologischen Wurzeln der Judenfeindschaft in der christlichen Tradition reflektiert. Die Substitutionslehre, wonach das Judentum durch das Christentum abgelöst sei, wird als Zentralpunkt theologischen Antijudaismus gekennzeichnet. Dies ist für religiöse Bildung höchst relevant. Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zur Erinnerung an den Holocaust im Religionsunterricht bestätigen die Dringlichkeit des Themas Antisemitismus in religiöser Bildung. Abschließend werden einige religionsdidaktischen Realisierungsformen aufgezeigt, die antisemitismuskritische religiöse Bildung ermöglichen.
Antisemitism in Doubt. Historical and Methodological Reflections on Contemporary Europe
Authors: Reich Amos Morris
Published: June 2021

In the attempt to find an Israeli approach to understanding the current European ambivalence towards Jews, this study focuses on the question of post-Holocaust anti-Semitism. It analyzes a specifically Israeli structure of experience of “schizophrenia” resulting from its decoupling of antisemitism from the Holocaust. It is shown that the justification of anti-Semitism has changed after the Holocaust. Thus, anti-Semitism has developed from a “cultural code” to a “semiotic problem”. The article concludes that the two main forms of Israel’s response to European anti-Semitism are inseparably linked to the question of whether Zionism ended with the establishment of the modern state of Israel and whether Israel is a “normal” state.
„Also Oskar ist ohne Religion groß geworden“. Herausforderungen und Chancen eines Religionsunterrichts mit konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Schambeck Mirjam
Published: June 2021

Für den Religionsunterricht wird zukunftsentscheidend sein, wie er sich auf die säkulare Codierung unserer Gesellschaft einlässt und wie – daraus folgend – religiöse Bildung von sog. konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern zu modellieren ist. Reicht es wie bislang, Ethikunterricht einzurichten, oder muss auch das Klientel des positionellen Religionsunterrichts überdacht werden? Entlang ersten Beobachtungen aus einem laufenden Unterrichtsforschungsprojekt werden einige Priorisierungen vorgestellt, die ein positioneller RU beachten muss, wenn in ihm auch konfessionslose Schülerinnen und Schüler lernen; ebenso wird ein organisatorischer Vorschlag gemacht, nämlich den positionellen Religionsunterricht konfessionslosen Schülerinnen und Schülern als selbstverständliche Wahlmöglichkeit ohne irgendwelche Verwaltungshürden anzubieten.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction Followed by Oxygen Support Uniquely Interferes with Genetic Regulators of Myelination
Authors: Chang Jill , Sharma Abhineet , Bashir Mirrah , Fung Camille M. , Dettman Robert W. , Dizon Maria L. V.
Published: June 2021

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and oxygen exposure in isolation and combination adversely affect the developing brain, putting infants at risk for neurodevelopmental disability including cerebral palsy (CP). Rodent models of IUGR and postnatal hyperoxia have demonstrated oligodendroglial (OL) injury with subsequent white matter injury (WMI) and motor dysfunction. Here, we investigate transcriptomic dysregulation in IUGR with and without hyperoxia exposure to account for the abnormal brain structure and function previously documented. We performed RNA sequencing and analysis using a mouse model of IUGR and found that IUGR, hyperoxia, and the combination of IUGR with hyperoxia (IUGR/hyperoxia) produced distinct changes in gene expression. IUGR in isolation demonstrated the fewest differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with control. In contrast, we detected several gene alterations in IUGR/hyperoxia; genes involved in myelination were strikingly downregulated. We also identified changes to specific regulators including TCF7L2, BDNF, SOX2, and DGCR8, through ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), that may contribute to impaired myelination in IUGR/hyperoxia. Our findings show that IUGR with hyperoxia induces unique transcriptional changes in the developing brain. These indicate mechanisms for increased risk for WMI in IUGR infants exposed to oxygen and suggest potential therapeutic targets to improve motor outcomes.
Application of Recombinant Rabies Virus toXenopusTadpole Brain
Authors: Faulkner Regina L. , Wall Nicholas R. , Callaway Edward M. , Cline Hollis T.
Published: June 2021

TheXenopus laevisexperimental system has provided significant insight into the development and plasticity of neural circuits.Xenopusneuroscience research would be enhanced by additional tools to study neural circuit structure and function. Rabies viruses are powerful tools to label and manipulate neural circuits and have been widely used to study mesoscale connectomics. Whether rabies virus can be used to transduce neurons and express transgenes inXenopushas not been systematically investigated. Glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus transduces neurons at the axon terminal and retrogradely labels their cell bodies. We show that glycoprotein-deleted rabies virus infects local and projection neurons in theXenopustadpole when directly injected into brain tissue. Pseudotyping glycoprotein-deleted rabies with EnvA restricts infection to cells with exogenous expression of the EnvA receptor, TVA. EnvA pseudotyped virus specifically infects tadpole neurons with promoter-driven expression of TVA, demonstrating its utility to label targeted neuronal populations. Neuronal cell types are defined by a combination of features including anatomic location, expression of genetic markers, axon projection sites, morphology, and physiological properties. We show that driving TVA expression in one hemisphere and injecting EnvA pseudotyped virus into the contralateral hemisphere, retrogradely labels neurons defined by cell body location and axon projection site. Using this approach, rabies can be used to identify cell types inXenopusbrain and simultaneously to express transgenes which enable monitoring or manipulation of neuronal activity. This makes rabies a valuable tool to study the structure and function of neural circuits inXenopus.
Perceptions of Personalization in Company-consumer Interactions on Social Network: Experiment Conducted in the Czech Republic
Authors: Eger Ludvík , Komárková Lenka , Zákružná Veronika
Published: June 2021

Social media has revolutionized the way in which organizations communicate with their customers and stakeholders. Therefore, understanding the characteristics that influence the interactivity and the relationship between an organization and its page visitors is essential for the capability of an organization ability to respond to the current and potential customers on social networking sites in an appropriate manner. The research investigates how companies using brand communities on Facebook influence consumers’ intention to purchase through online interactivity, responsiveness, and personalization. In an online experiment, participants viewed selected records of communication with customers from companies on Facebook pages that differed as to whether and how specifically the companies responded to their consumers. The results were obtained using mediation analyses. These indicate that perceptions of company responsiveness and personalization, based on existing consumer interactions on a Facebook page, influence how participants rated the company, the quality of their own potential company interactions, and the likelihood of them purchasing products from the company in future. The findings of this research also support the assertion that social media has an impact on brand communities as a platform on which consumers interact. Additionally, eye tracking was used to collect data about customers’ activities that assist in understanding how people acquire information from web pages. The research provides a better understanding of which distinct components of a message meaningfully influence perceptions of interactivity. The findings show that marketers should focus on customer complaints as this component of the messages on social media influences the viewer’s visual search. To test other cultural contexts and for further validation of identified relationships, future research could be conducted globally.
Facilitate This! Reflections from Disabled Women in Popular Music
Authors: Skinner Anthea , Kapuscinski-Evans Jess
Published: June 2021

This article is a reflection by the authors on the impact that their identities as disabled women have had on their ongoing music careers. Skinner and Kapuscinski-Evans make up two-thirds of the Australian crip-folk trio, the Bearbrass Asylum Orchestra (the term “crip” is a cultural reappropriation of “cripple”). The Bearbrass Asylum Orchestra is a band that performs as part of the Disability Music Scene in Melbourne, Australia, using folk music to portray their experiences as people with disabilities. In this article Skinner and Kapuscinski-Evans discuss the formation of and philosophy behind the band, as well as the impact that growing up as disabled women had on their musical education, careers, and influences.
Nuclear transfer and the development of genetically modified/gene edited livestock
Authors: Alberio Ramiro , Wolf Eckhard
Published: June 2021

The birth and adult development of “Dolly” the sheep, the first mammal produced by transfer of a terminally differentiated cell nucleus into an egg, provided unequivocal evidence of nuclear equivalence among somatic cells. This ground-breaking experiment challenged a long-standing dogma of irreversible cellular differentiation that prevailed for over a century and enabled the development of methodologies for reversal of differentiation of somatic cells, also known as nuclear reprogramming. Thanks to this new paradigm, novel alternatives for regenerative medicine in humans, improved animal breeding in domestic animals and approaches to species conservation through reproductive methodologies have emerged. Combined with the incorporation of new tools for genetic modification, these novel techniques promise to i) transform and accelerate our understanding of genetic diseases and the development of targeted therapies through creation of tailored animal models, ii) provide safe animal cells, tissues and organs for xenotransplantation, iii) contribute to the preservation of endangered species, and iv) improve global food security whilst reducing the environmental impact of animal production. This review discusses recent advances that build on the conceptual legacy of nuclear transfer and - when combined with gene editing - will have transformative potential for medicine, biodiversity and sustainable agriculture. We conclude that the transformative potential of these technologies depends on further fundamental and translational research directed at improving the efficiency and safety of these methods.
Free formaldehyde reduction in urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive: Modifier addition effect and physicochemical property characterization
Authors: Liu Keke , Su Changqing , Ma Weiwu , Li Hailong , Zeng Zheng , Li Liqing
Published: June 2021

Melamine, polyvinyl alcohol, and adipic acid dihydrazide as modifiers were added to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin for reducing the free formaldehyde. The influence of addition amount and addition stage of modifiers on the physicochemical property and free formaldehyde content of UF resin was tested. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to determine the structural change and thermal stability of the resins. The results revealed that the UF resin added with 6% melamine had the lowest free formaldehyde content of 0.31%. Among all modified resins added with equal amount of modifier in different stages, the UF resin added with 3% polyvinyl alcohol in the second alkaline stage achieved the lowest free formaldehyde content of 0.33%. More importantly, the comprehensive effect of melamine, polyvinyl alcohol, and adipic acid dihydrazide on the free formaldehyde content of resin was studied. The free formaldehyde content in the UF resin added with the comprehensive modifiers achieved 0.24% content, and formaldehyde emission of this kind of adhesive was just 0.21 mg/g. Coupling the experimental results with the characterization data, comprehensive modifiers can reduce the formation of chemical bonds (methylene and ether bonds) in the resin and improve thermal stability of UF resin effectively.
Verification and further study on method of measuring contact force between mortise and tenon joint
Authors: Fu Wei-Lian , Guan Hui-Yuan , Zhang Xin-Yi
Published: June 2021

This work verified the direct measuring method of the contact force and its relaxation behavior between mortise and tenon joints through withdrawal load resistance testing of T-shaped mortise-and-tenon joint specimens. Further, it also studied the influence of wood species, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica), interference fitness (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm; 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm), and wood grain orientation (radial, diagonal, and tangential) on the contact force and its relaxation. The results showed that the direct measuring method had good feasibility for measuring the contact force and its relaxation of the beech and it showed good feasibility on measuring initial contact force of pine. However, it showed low feasibility for measuring the relaxed contact force when the interference was 0.2 mm, but showed good feasibility on measuring the relaxed contact force with larger interference of pine. Interference fitness, wood grain orientation, and wood species had a significant effect on initial contact force and contact force after 5 h relaxation. This study showed feasibility and application scope of the method for direct measuring contact force and provided additional fundamental data to contribute to further study of the internal mechanical mechanism of mortise and tenon joints.
Preparation of acicular mesoporous char sulfonic acid and its application for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Han Xiaohui , Liu Yanjie , Liu Ling , Yang Jiajun , Zhang Long
Published: June 2021

Acicular mesoporous char sulfonic acid was prepared through a one-step method of removing the template at the same time of sulfonation using ethylene tar (ET) as the carbon source and acicular nanometer magnesium hydroxide as the hard template. This method was judged as better than the two-step method of removing the template before sulfonation because it protected the mesoporous structure from damage to a certain extent. When the mass ratio of ET to Mg(OH)2 was 1:3 and carbonization temperature was 550 °C, the catalyst prepared using the one-step method had the highest activity. The obtained catalyst had an amorphous structure with a specific surface area of 446.5 m2/g, an acid density of 4.68 mmol/g, and an average pore diameter of 3.5 nm. When the catalyst was applied in the dehydration of fructose to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), 97.5% fructose conversion and 80.1% 5-HMF yield can be obtained. The activity of the catalyst did not decrease after 5 cycles, which indicated that the catalyst had good stability. This research provides a promising strategy for preparation of mesoporous char sulfonic acid and comprehensive utilization of ET.
Analysis of furniture products’ contribution to Turkey’s economy with a hybrid multi-criteria decision making method
Authors: Ersen Nadir
Published: June 2021

The furniture sector has a strategic importance in Turkey. That sector contributes greatly to the national economy, provides high levels of employment, is rapidly growing, and does not have a foreign trade deficit. In this paper, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method was used to determine the contribution of some furniture products to Turkey’s economy. First, the entropy method was used to determine the weight values of the criteria, and then the ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité (ELimination Et Choice Translating REality) (ELECTRE) method was used to compare and rank the alternatives. As a result of this analysis, the furniture products that contributed the most to the national economy were “seating furniture and parts thereof, other wooden furniture”, “wooden bedroom furniture”, “other metal furniture”, and “parts of furniture other than metal and wood”. The least contributing products were “furniture used in medicine, surgical, dental, veterinary, and barber chairs etc.”, “plastic furniture”, and “furniture other than metal, wood, and plastic”.
Variations of moisture content in manufacturing CLT-concrete composite slab using wet construction method
Authors: Song Yo-Jin , Baek Seong-Yeob , Lee In-Hwan , Hong Soon-Il
Published: June 2021

Construction of eco-friendly high-rise buildings using cross-laminated timber (CLT)-concrete composite (CCC) slabs is increasing. CLT and concrete, which are major component materials of the CCC slab, are significantly affected by moisture. In particular, the moisture content of concrete in the production process affects the quality of both materials. In this study, the effects of the wet construction method on CLT and concrete component materials are examined by monitoring the behavior of the CCC slab during curing time (28 d) and by evaluating the quality of the concrete and CLT after curing. When manufacturing the CCC using the wet construction method, moisture penetration from the concrete into the CLT during the curing time is suppressed by the shear bonding between the concrete and the CLT when an adhesive is used. This minimizes the effect of the moisture on both component materials, consequently yielding uniform compressive strength to the concrete after curing and preventing the deterioration of the CLT’s delamination performance. Therefore, the shear bonding method using an adhesive is expected to minimize the quality deterioration observed in concrete and CLT after curing.