bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF TAHAP PENUNTUTAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN (Studi Kasus Putusan No: 28/PID.B/2022/PN LBB)
Authors: Arifin Mohtar , Kusuma Tiyar Cahya , Alfitra Alfitra
Published: January 2024

Keadilan Restoratif merupakan alternatif penyelesaian perkara pidana, dimana hal yang menjadi pembeda dari penyelesaian perkara dengan Keadilan Restoratif adalah adanya pemulihan kembali pada keadaan semula sebelum terjadinya tindak pidana, sehingga penyelesaian keadilan restoratif ini kehidupan harmonis di lingkungan masyarakat dapat pulih kembali. Rumusan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Bagaimana Kewenangan Kejaksaan dalam mengesampingkan penuntutan terhadap perkara dengan konsep Keadilan Restoratif? Dan Dasar pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Dalam Memutus Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencurian Putusan Nomor 28/Pid.B/2022/PN Lbb?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normative yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan-bahan kepustakaan atau data sekunder. Hasil penelitian diantaranya yaitu Terkait dengan perkara yang dapat dilakukan penghentian penuntutan melalui perdamaian dapat merujuk pada ketentuan Pasal 5 ayat (1) Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 disebutkan perkara tindak pidana dapat ditutup demi hukum dan dihentikan penuntutannya berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif dalam hal terpenuhi syarat diantaranya yaitu tersangka baru pertama kali melakukan tindak pidana, tindak pidana hanya diancam dengan pidana denda atau diancam dengan pidana penjara tidak lebih dari 5 (lima) tahun; dan tindak pidana dilakukan dengan nilai barang bukti atau nilai kerugian yang ditimbulkan akibat dari tindak pidana tidak lebih dari Rp2.500.000, (dua juta lima ratus ribu rupiah). Selain hal tersebut diatas, dalam Pasal 2 Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 disebutkan Penghentian penuntutan berdasarkan keadilan restoratif dilaksanakan dengan berasaskan keadilan, kepentingan umum, proporsionalitas, pidana sebagai jalan terakhir dan cepat, sederhana, dan biaya ringan.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PENERAPAN SERTIFIKASI HALAL BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 33 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL
Authors: Rastiawaty Rastiawaty , Rifai Andi Tenri Famauri , Hasrul Muh , Inggit Andi Bau , Taufan Muhammad Ilhamsyah , Imanullah Andi Muhammad Aqil
Published: January 2024

Sertifikasi halal memiliki peran penting dalam suatu produk sebagai bukti bahwa produk tersebut tidak mengandung bahan-bahan yang dilarang dan telah memenuhi syarat pengolahan sesuai dengan Syariat Islam. Keberadaan sertifikasi halal akan meningkatkan minat konsumen muslim dengan label halal pada kemasan produk yang mereka pilih sebagai jaminan mutu dan kualitas dari produk tersebut sehingga dapat memberi keamanan, kenyamanan, keselamatan, dan kepastian bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, sertifikasi halal sebagai jaminan produk halal menjadi Unique Selling Point bagi pelaku usaha sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai produk usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM). Negara menyiapkan regulasi Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal yang disempurnakan lagi dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja. Perincian produk hukum ini selanjutnya melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31 Tahun 2019 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 tentang Jaminan Produk Halal dan Keputusan Menteri Agama Nomor 982 Tahun 2019 tentang Layanan Sertifikasi Halal. Kurangnya informasi dan pemahaman hukum masyarakat perihal kebijakan pemerintah tentang kewajiban sertifikasi halal, di Kecamatan Soreang, Kota Parepare merupakan masalah dan tantangan tersendiri guna mewujudkan program Pemerintah Kota Parepare dalam pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Kuliner Halal. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah ceramah dan diskusi interaktif antara masyarakat, pelaku UMKM, perangkat pemerintah kota, dan narasumber. Sertifikat halal merupakan garansi kepastian atas kehalalan produk yang diperjualbelikan. Apabila produk yang diperdagangkan tersebut adalah halal, maka wajib bersertifikat halal, terkecuali bagi pelaku usaha yang memproduksi barang dengan unsur-unsur yang dianggap haram menurut syariat Islam, maka wajib mencantumkan keterangan tidak halal (label non-halal) berupa gambar, tanda, dan/atau tulisan.
ARAH KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DIBIDANG PENDIDIKAN YANG BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI
Authors: Bariah Sarrul , Angranti Wiwik
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan bagian terpenting untuk keberlangsungan, perkembangan dan kemajuan suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan arah kebijakan pemerintah dalam imlementasi teknologi di bidang Pendidikan dan menjawab sejumlah tantangan dalam imlementasi teknologi di bidang Pendidikan. Tipe peneltian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif guna menyelidiki, menemukan, menggambarkan, dan menjelaskan permasalahan antara kebijakan dan implementasi dari kebijakan tersebut. Gap yang terjadi kemudian di deskripsikan sehingga nampak jelas uraian pembahasan dari permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah dalam imlementasi teknologi di bidang Pendidikan adalah pemerintah telah bertekad untuk terus memecahkan berbagai permasalahan pendidikan dan kebudayaan tersebut melalui berbagai upaya. Penyelesaian secara konvensional yang telah dilakukan selama ini masih belum mampu mengatasi permasalahan ada. Kebijakan pemerintah ini perlu dicermati dan diperhatikan oleh semua satuan Pendidikan di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, mengingat kebijakan ini adalah kebijakan strategis yang telah dianggap oleh para ahli sebagai kebijakan yang fleksibel dalam memaknai Pendidikan sehingga adaptasi terhadap perubahan dan perkembangan zaman dan teknologi sudah saatnya dapat diterapkan secara optimal. Dalam menjawab sejumlah tantangan dalam imlementasi teknologi di bidang Pendidikan adalah dengan memetakan masyarakat Indonesia yang indeks teknologinya masih rendah belum secara optimal memanfaatkan Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sebagai penggerak utama perubahan. Untuk itu, penggerakan pemanfaatan teknologi khususnya teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) kepada masyarakat sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Pemanfaatan TIK kepada masyarakat dapat diterapkan di semua bidang kehidupan di antaranya bidang Pendidikan, sehingga diharapkan tidak adanya lagi gap lagi antara pembangunan kualitas pendidikan di wilayah barat, tengah, dan timur Indonesia, serta tidak adanya sekat-sekat interaksi membuat penerapan teknologi ini sangat urgen untuk di implementasikan secara masif dan terstruktur.
TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK PENDIDIKAN INKLUSIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Puspandari Kartika , Sinaga Yunita
Published: January 2024

Sistem pendidikan inklusif diharapkan mampu menjadi jawabannya karena dianggap dapat memberikan lebih banyak kesempatan kepada anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulasi yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia serta dasar tanggung jawab negara dalam pemenuhan hak pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran atau uraian suatu keadaan pada objek yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia adalah Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Pendidikan Inklusif bagi Peserta Didik yang memiliki Kelainan dan memiliki Potensi Kecerdasan dan/atau Bakat Istimewa. Dasar tanggung jawab negara dalam pemenuhan hak pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia adalah terdapat pada Pasal 4 ayat 1 dari Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional RI Nomor 70 Tahun 2009 tentang Pendidikan Inklusif bagi Peserta Didik yang memiliki Kelainan dan memiliki Potensi Kecerdasan dan/atau Bakat Istimewa diatur bahwa pendidikan diselenggarakan secara demokratis dan berkeadilan serta tidak diskriminatif dengan menjunjung tinggi hak asasi manusia, nilai keagamaan, nilai kultural, dan kemajemukan bangsa. Kemudian berlanjut di Pasal 5 ayat (1), (2) dan (4) yang mengatur bahwa setiap warga negara mempunyai hak yang sama untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang bermutu. Warga negara yang memiliki kelainan fisik, emosional, mental, intelektual, dan/atau sosial berhak memperoleh pendidikan khusus. Serta warga negara yang memiliki potensi kecerdasan dan bakat istimewa berhak memperoleh pendidikan khusus. Dari pengaturan tersebut, terlihat bahwa pendidikan inklusif merupakan bentuk tanggung jawab pemerintah sebagai bagian dalam memenuhi dan menghormati hak asasi manusia.
MODAL SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KOMUNITAS ADAT TERPENCIL GORONTALO
Authors: R. Hatu Dewinta Rizky , R. Hatu Ratih Ikawat
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini ingin mengurai kehidupan masyarakat Komunitas Adat Terpencil dengan melihat kekuatan modal social mereka, Peneliti melihat modal social sebagai sumber kekuatan masyarakat Adat Terpencil dapat menjadi wadah dalam mengatur untuk kepentingan bersama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data utama adalah wawancara mendalam. Selain itu, peneliti juga menggunakan teknik pengumpulan observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori modal social Putnam sebagai pisau analisis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa masyarakat komunitas adat terpencil memiliki modal social yakni kepercayaan, jaringan dan norma. Pada kepercayaan masyarakat berusaha membangun kepercayaan antar masyarakat karena merasa merupakan satu kesatuan yang tentunya di dukung dengan jaringan yang dibangun dengan kerabat dekat. Mereka lebih memilih untuk berkomunikasi atau berjejaring dengan orang-orang yang sudah dikenal karena memudahkan mereka dalam bekerjasama. Terakhir norma yang dibangun yakni ada kesepakatan timbal balik antar masyarakat, yakni untuk saling membantuk yang dikenal dengan sistim huyula.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN TAX AVOIDANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN SUBSEKTOR BATU BARA
Authors: Budi Saksono , Asmonah Siti , Zena Zena
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatakan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh good corporate governance, profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap manajemen laba dengan tax avoidance sebagai variable intervening. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui website www.idx.co.id. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam menentukan sampel. Sebanyak 9 dari 21 perusahaan pertambangan subsektor Batu Bara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan 5 tahun pengamatan yaitu dari 2014 sampai 2018, sehingga diperoleh 45 sampel penelitian. Data penelitian ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode analisis statistik dan analisis jalur untuk menguji variable intervening dalam model penelitian. Metode statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Good Corporate Governance berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba, Ukuran perusahaan dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Good Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tax Avoidance, Ukuran Perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Tax Avoidance. Tax Avoidance  berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba. Tax Avoidance tidak mampu memediasi pengaruh Good Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap manajemen laba.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN BUPATI NOMOR 20 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG PEDOMAN PEMBINAAN DAN PENGAWASAN KEARSIPAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN MALANG (STUDI PENGAWASAN KEARSIPAN INTERNAL PADA DINAS PERPUSTAKAAN DAN KEARSIPAN)
Authors: Dewiyanti Kurnia , Purwatiningsih Annisa , Arvianti Ery Yusnita , Ghunu Agustinus
Published: January 2024

Pengawasan Kearsipan merupakan proses kegiatan menilai kesesuaian antara prinsip,kaidah dan standar kearsipan dengan penyelenggaraan kearsipan. Pengawasan Kearsipan meliputi pengawasan atas pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan kearsipan dan penegakan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang kearsipan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi pengawasan kearsipan internal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengambilan sumber data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara,observasi dan dokumentasi. Model analisis George Edward III. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan implementasi pengawasan kearsipan internal belum optimal. Beberapa indikator yang tidak terpenuhi yaitu pada indikator:(1)komunikasi masih ada ketidak konsistenan didalam menegakkan peraturan perundangan terkait kearsipan,(2)Sumber daya manusia masih belum tercukupi dari segi jumlah dan keahlian. Sumber daya berupa anggaran terlalu kecil.(3)Disposisi atau sikap pelaksana belum bisa sepenuhnya untuk menerapkan kode etik pengawas.(4)Struktur birokrasi belum sepenuhnya optimal.Tidak adanya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) tidak menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan kearsipan internal tetapi menyebabkan tim pengawas tidak mempunyai persamaan persepsi tentang alur atau tahapan-tahapan pelaksanaan pengawasan.
EVALUASI POGRAM KABUPATEN LAYAK ANAK DALAM PEMENUHAN KLASTER PERLINDUNGAN KHUSUS DI KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR
Authors: Hartanto Chika Anastasya
Published: January 2024

Kabupaten/ Kota layak anak merupakan status wilayah yang memiliki sistem pembangunan dengan dasar hak anak yang bermaksud agar program mampu menjamin pemenuhan hak dan perlindungan anak. Ironisnya hingga tahun 2022 Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur belum mendapatkan predikat Kabupaten Layak Anak setelah pencanangannya di tahun 2017. Tentu saja hal itupun berdampak pada penyelenggaraan perlindungan anak, pemenuhan hak-hak anak, terlebih lagi pada pemenuhan klaster perlindungan khusus. Sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui penyebab hal tersebut terjadi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan komponen evaluasi program KLA yang dapat menjadi bahan dan catatan penting bagi Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deksriptif dengan pendekatan induktif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara,           dokumentasi, dan observasi. Selanjutnya langkah-langkah analisis data dengan evaluasi model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) ialah reduksi data, penyajian data dan yang terakhir adalah penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada evaluasi program Kabupaten Layak Anak dalam pemenuhan klaster perlindungan khusus di Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur sebagian telah memenuhi dimensi evaluasi model CIPP dan sisanya masih terdapat hal-hal kritis yang harus diupayakan kembali. Kesimpulan dari penelitian  ini adalah pelaksanaan program Kabupaten Layak Anak dan pemenuhan klaster perlindungan khusus belum berjalan dengan optimal karena adanya hambatan baik dari internal maupun eksternal, hal ini dibuktikan dengan tidak adanya produk hukum yang spesifik tentang Kabupaten Layak Anak, kurangnya fasilitas dan dukungan baik dari sesama organisasi pemerintah maupun masyarakat. Diharapkan pemerintah melakukan evaluasi dan pemantauan secara berkala guna mengoptimalkan pencapaian program.

 

Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Kabupaten Layak Anak, Klaster Perlindungan Khusus.
GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS DALAM KONTEKS KETENTERAMAN DAN KETERTIBAN UMUM
Authors: Idza Allisa Akhidatul
Published: January 2024

Terjadinya peningkatan jumlah gelandangan dan pengemis pada beberapa daerah di Indonesia melatarbelakangi kajian ini dibuat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran umum dampak dan solusi gelandangan dan pengemis pada konteks pemeliharaan ketenteraman dan ketertiban umum. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil kajian ini diperoleh bahwa upaya pengusiran gelandangan dna pengemis merupakan upaya penegakan ketertiban umum. Namun upaya tersebut tidak dapat menyelesaikan akar permasalahan gelandangan dan pengemis secara komprehensif. Kesimpulannya, terdapat 3 (tiga) dampak permasalahan gelandangan dan pengemis, diantaranya adalah berpotensi adanya gangguan terhadap ketertiban masayarakat, berpotensi adanya stigmatisasi dan diskriminasi dan adanya siklus kemiskinan. Adapun solusi yang dapat disampaikan untuk mengatasi permasalahan gelandangan dan pengemis tersebut antara lain melalui program pendidikan dan pelatihan keterampilan, rumah susun dan fasilitas penampungan, reintegrasi sosial dan psikososial, kebijakan kesejahteraan dan pengentasan kemiskinan, kolaborasi antara pemerintah, NGO, dan sektor swasta.

 

Kata Kunci: Gelandangan dan Pengemis, Ketenteraman dan Ketertiban Umum, Tindakan Pengusiran.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAIN PERCEPTIONS AND PAIN BELIEFS AND SYMPTOM SEVERITY OF INDIVIDUALS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: EKİNCİ Mahsun , ŞEVGİN Ömer
Published: January 2024

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is theoretically low back pain experienced for more than 12 weeks or 3 months. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain perceptions, beliefs and symptom severity of individuals in different age groups with CLBP. The study was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023 with 210 individuals. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to age; 18-39, 40-56, 57-79. The Demographic Information Form, Pain Beliefs Scale (PBQ), Centrality of Pain Scale (COPS) and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) questionare were used to record the personal information and to measure participant’s pain beliefs pain perceptions, and the severity of pain experienced. One-Way MANOVA was used to evaluate the difference between age groups. NRS-11 was found significantly different between age groups of 18-39/40-56 and 18-39/57-79 (p
The Moral Foundations of Preparedness: Public Opinion about Federal Disaster Preparedness Spending in the US
Authors: Jamieson Thomas , Hua Whitney , Aalabdulsalam Hamood , Al Ajmi Ahoud , Al Alawi Mohammed , Al Baddaii Maather , Al Gheilani Mohammed , Al Jaradi Al Zahraa , Al Mashaykhi Sulaiman , Al Riyami Abdullah , Al Senaidi Mohammed , Al Zadjali Fatma , Al Zadjali Luqman , Alhamdan Nasser , Alherz Ali , Alshehri Ali , Araiza Aaron , Bajjooalmaimani Rania , Bernhardt Hannah , Dill Steven , Erhart Madalyn , Foral Louie , Friesen Caleb , Mountjoy Claire , Rouse Ian , Thompson Eric , Urbanec Tyler , Urick Amanda
Published: January 2024

What explains the absence of electoral incentives for preparedness spending? Previous research demonstrates that voters reward politicians for relief spending after disaster, but not for preparedness spending despite it being significantly more cost-effective than relief. This absence of political incentives for preparedness spending could exacerbate vulnerability to disasters. In this paper, we seek to understand how moral foundations and attribution shape individuals' attitudes towards disaster preparedness. Through an online survey experiment, we find that morality is associated with attitudes towards federal preparedness spending, with care and fairness positively related to support for preparedness spending, and ingroup positively associated with support for greater amounts of federal preparedness spending. The results have broad implications for the understanding of public opinion about disaster preparedness, demonstrating how moral values shape attitudes about preparedness initiatives but attribution of blame has little effect on public sentiment about these initiatives.
Process optimization for the development of grape pulp enriched Low- calorie icecream made with sucralose and sorbitol
Authors: P Sasikala , Reddy Y Kotilinga , Rao KN , GV Bhaskar Reddy
Published: January 2024

Grape pulp is a rich source of antioxidants whereas, ice cream is a poor source of these antioxidants; therefore, the present study was carried out on physico-chemical, nutritional quality and sensory evaluation of low-calorie ice cream fortified with different levels of grape pulp. The grape pulp was added to the low-calorie ice cream to improve the sensory and nutritional quality like antioxidant activity of the product. The low-calorie ice cream was prepared with sucralose 300 ppm along with 3%sorbitol was kept as control. Low-calorie ice cream is enriched with grape pulp by adding at three different levels i.e. 8%, 10%and 12%. Based on the physico-chemical and sensory evaluation,10% grape pulp added low-calorie ice cream was found to be acceptable. The resulted low-calorie ice cream enriched with grape pulp had enhanced functional and nutritional attributes. The results of current study demonstrated that the addition of fruits to the Yogurt significantly improved the quality of Yogurt.
A simple and cost effective method to detect adulteration in ghee with vegetable oils through microscopic examination of sterols
Authors: Kumar Arun , Lal Darshan , Seth Raman
Published: January 2024

Plant sterols together called as phytosterols, and animal sterols mainly cholesterol differ from each other in their crystal shapes, apart from other differences in terms of chemical structure, melting points, etc. When viewed under the microscope, after their isolation from the samples in purified state, phytosterols crystals appear hexagonal in shape while those of cholesterol acquire parallelogram shape. But the mixture of phytosterols and cholesterol shows the crystal structure with re-entry angle (Swallow’s tail).On the basis of this characteristic crystal shape, detection of vegetable oils in milk fat up to a level of 15 percent could be confirmed with this simple cost effective method . However, this approach cannot be applied for the detection of body fats in milk fat because of the existence ofcommon sterol (cholesterol) in them
Storage studies on Low calorieburfi incorporated with Sucralose and Costusspeciosus extract
Authors: M Anupama , M Dharani Kumar , M P Divya , Baig Davuddin , AK Beena
Published: January 2024

In the present study, changes in compositional, physico-chemical, sensory and microbial properties (SPC, coliform count and yeast and mould count) of low calorie burfi packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) film was monitored. The changes were studied at 37 ± 1ºC and 4±1ºC on every 7th day of storage till the products became unacceptable. The sucralose content in low calorie burfi was estimated and found to be 150ppm. The pH was found to significantly (p<0.05) decreased during the storage period whereas acidity, FFA, TBA value and solublenitrogen contents increased significantly (p<0.05). The standard plate counts and yeast and mould counts were found to increased progressively during storage whereas coliform count was absent in the product throughout the storage period. Shelf life study showed that developed low calorie burfi had a shelf life of 20days under refrigeration and 7 days at ambient temperature.
Application of response surface methodology in preparation of low-fat paneer from recombined milk
Authors: Chaudhari Mahesh P , Pinto Suneeta V , Dharaiya Chetan N , Patel Sunil M
Published: January 2024

The objective of current study was to optimize the level of milk fat, milk SNF (MSNF) and whey protein concentrate– 80 (WPC) to prepare low-fat paneer from recombined milk using response surface methodology. Milk fat, MSNF and WPC were used as variables while sensory attributes of paneer viz., flavour, body & texture, colour & appearance and overall acceptability, as well as compositional characteristics viz., moisture content and fat on dry matter basis were used as responses. On the basis of the results, RSM suggested the levels of milk fat, MSNF and WPC to be 2.14%, 10.72% and 0.75% respectively with desirability of 0.92. The experimental paneer was prepared as per the suggestions from RSM and compared with control paneer prepared from standardized milk containing 4.5% milk fat and8.5% MSNF. The chemical composition of experimental paneer was significantly different from control paneer while rheological and sensory characteristics were statistically similar. Hence, RSM can be a useful tool for optimization of low-fat recombined milk paneer.
Nutritional value and energy balance of pearl millet fodder as influenced bydifferent nutrient management practices
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Ram Hardev , Kumar Rakesh , Meena RK , Kumar Sandeep , Meena VK
Published: January 2024

Fodder deficiency and its poor-quality leads to lower productivity of Indian cattle. To improve productivity and nutritional value of fodder pearl millet, the present study was undertaken during kharif season of 2019-20 at Agronomy research farm, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, and laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments, viz. T1: Absolute control; T2: 100%RDF; T3: 100% RDF + Cow urine foliar spray (CU); T4: 100% RDF+ PGPR; T5: 100% RDF + PGPR + Cow urine foliar spray (CU); T6:75% RDF + Cow urine foliar spray (CU); T7: 75% RDF + PGPR andT8: 75% RDF + PGPR + Cow urine foliar spray (CU) with three replications. The results showed that the fodder nutritional value and digestibility viz., total digestible nutrients, digestible dry matter, digestible crude protein and dry matter intake increase by28.46, 13.10, 40.26 and 8.45% respectively, with T5 treatment than absolute control. The higher energy fraction such as digestible energy (11.54 MJ/Kg), metabolisable energy (9.47 MJ/Kg),digestible feed energy (9.27 MJ/Kg), net energy (3.07 MJ/Kg)and net energy for lactation (5.29 MJ/Kg) was observed with the application of 100% RDF+PGPR+CU (T5), which was found statistically at par with applications of 100% RDF+PGPR and both were found significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Quality fodder strengthen and sustain the performance of livestock in terms of health and milk production.
The Interplay Between Experimental Spectroscopy, Theoretical, and
Computational Quantum Chemistry
Authors: Fawzy Wafaa M.
Published: January 2024

Advances in technology led to development of sophisticated experimental techniques for studying new chemical systems and processes on the molecular levels. Such experimental observations required advanced computational and theorical studies to enable observations and analysis of the data. This led to evolution of new theoretical models and computational methods that have been proven valuable in aiding experimental detection and interpretation of results. Collaborative research between theorists and experimentalists became essential in the various areas chemistry, such as identification and determination of properties of new important hydrogen-bonded and chemically-bonded chemical species. These molecular systems are of importance in the atmospheric chemistry, development of new materials from large clusters, drug design, reactions and interactions in biological systems. This mini review provides examples of the author’s theoretical work for two different types of new chemical systems, in collaboration with experimental spectroscopists. These selected studies will be used to emphasis importance of the interplay between theory, computational chemistry, and high-resolution molecular spectroscopy in gas phase.
Elevating the potential of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors: exploiting biomaterials-based delivery techniques
Authors: Tang Yuxiang , Yang Xiaoyu , Hu Hang , Jiang Huiwen , Xiong Wei , Mei Heng , Hu Yu
Published: January 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells exhibit promising progress in addressing hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T therapy for solid tumors remains limited, with no FDA-approved CAR-T products available for clinical use at present. Primary reasons include insufficient infiltration, accumulation, tumor immunosuppression of the microenvironment, and related side effects. Single utilization of CAR-T cannot effectively overcome these unfavorable obstacles. A probable effective pathway to achieve a better CAR-T therapy effect would be to combine the benefits of biomaterials-based technology. In this article, comprehensive biomaterials strategies to break through these obstacles of CAR-T cell therapy at the tumor sites are summarized, encompassing the following aspects: 1) generating orthotopic CAR-T cells; 2) facilitating CAR-T cell trafficking; 3) stimulating CAR-T cell expansion and infiltration; 4) improving CAR-T cell activity and persistence; 5) reprogramming the immunosuppressive microenvironments. Additionally, future requirements for the development of this field, with a specific emphasis on promoting innovation and facilitating clinical translation, are thoroughly discussed.
A comparative study of altered hemodynamics in iliac vein compression syndrome
Authors: Assi Ismael Z. , Lynch Sabrina R. , Ricker Brian D. , Ranjane Siddhant V. , Williams David M. , Wakefield Thomas W. , Obi Andrea T. , Figueroa C. Alberto
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is present in over 20% of the population and is associated with left leg pain, swelling, and thrombosis. IVCS symptoms are thought to be induced by altered pelvic hemodynamics, however, there currently exists a knowledge gap on the hemodynamic differences between IVCS and healthy patients. To elucidate those differences, we carried out a patient-specific, computational modeling comparative study.

Methods: Computed tomography and ultrasound velocity and area data were used to build and validate computational models for a cohort of IVCS (N = 4, Subject group) and control (N = 4, Control group) patients. Flow, cross-sectional area, and shear rate were compared between the right common iliac vein (RCIV) and left common iliac vein (LCIV) for each group and between the Subject and Control groups for the same vessel.

Results: For the IVCS patients, LCIV mean shear rate was higher than RCIV mean shear rate (550 ± 103 s−1 vs. 113 ± 48 s−1, p = 0.0009). Furthermore, LCIV mean shear rate was higher in the Subject group than in the Control group (550 ± 103 s−1 vs. 75 ± 37 s−1, p = 0.0001). Lastly, the LCIV/RCIV shear rate ratio was 4.6 times greater in the Subject group than in the Control group (6.56 ± 0.9 vs. 1.43 ± 0.6, p = 0.00008).

Discussion: Our analyses revealed that IVCS patients have elevated shear rates which may explain a higher thrombosis risk and suggest that their thrombus initiation process may share aspects of arterial thrombosis. We have identified hemodynamic metrics that revealed profound differences between IVCS patients and Controls, and between RCIV and LCIV in the IVCS patients. Based on these metrics, we propose that non-invasive measurement of shear rate may aid with stratification of patients with moderate compression in which treatment is highly variable. More investigation is needed to assess the prognostic value of shear rate and shear rate ratio as clinical metrics and to understand the mechanisms of thrombus formation in IVCS patients.
Nanotechnology-based non-viral vectors for gene delivery in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Jiao Liping , Sun Zhuokai , Sun Zhihong , Liu Jie , Deng Guanjun , Wang Xiaozhong
Published: January 2024

Gene therapy is a technique that rectifies defective or abnormal genes by introducing exogenous genes into target cells to cure the disease. Although gene therapy has gained some accomplishment for the diagnosis and therapy of inherited or acquired cardiovascular diseases, how to efficiently and specifically deliver targeted genes to the lesion sites without being cleared by the blood system remains challenging. Based on nanotechnology development, the non-viral vectors provide a promising strategy for overcoming the difficulties in gene therapy. At present, according to the physicochemical properties, nanotechnology-based non-viral vectors include polymers, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles. Non-viral vectors have an advantage in safety, efficiency, and easy production, possessing potential clinical application value when compared with viral vectors. Therefore, we summarized recent research progress of gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases based on commonly used non-viral vectors, hopefully providing guidance and orientation for future relevant research.
Impact of the hypoxic microenvironment on spermatogonial stem cells in culture
Authors: Gille A. S. , Givelet M. , Pehlic D. , Lapoujade C. , Lassalle B. , Barroca V. , Bemelmans A. P. , Borderie D. , Moison D. , Livera G. , Gauthier L. R. , Boussin F. D. , Thiounn N. , Allemand I. , Peyssonnaux C. , Wolf J. P. , Barraud-Lange V. , Riou L. , Fouchet P.
Published: January 2024

The stem cell niche plays a crucial role in the decision to either self-renew or differentiate. Recent observations lead to the hypothesis that O2 supply by blood and local O2 tension could be key components of the testicular niche of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In this study, we investigated the impact of different hypoxic conditions (3.5%, 1%, and 0.1% O2 tension) on murine and human SSCs in culture. We observed a deleterious effect of severe hypoxia (1% O2 and 0.1% O2) on the capacity of murine SSCs to form germ cell clusters when plated at low density. Severe effects on SSCs proliferation occur at an O2 tension ≤1% and hypoxia was shown to induce a slight differentiation bias under 1% and 0.1% O2 conditions. Exposure to hypoxia did not appear to change the mitochondrial mass and the potential of membrane of mitochondria in SSCs, but induced the generation of mitochondrial ROS at 3.5% and 1% O2. In 3.5% O2 conditions, the capacity of SSCs to form colonies was maintained at the level of 21% O2 at low cell density, but it was impossible to amplify and maintain stem cell number in high cell density culture. In addition, we observed that 3.5% hypoxia did not improve the maintenance and propagation of human SSCs. Finally, our data tend to show that the transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α are not involved in the SSCs cell autonomous response to hypoxia.
The rodent models of arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Hu Ke , Li Yiqing , Lu Chanjun , Guo Yi , Wang Weici
Published: January 2024

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have long been used as dialysis access in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, their maturation and long-term patency still fall short of clinical needs. Rodent models are irreplaceable to facilitate the study of mechanisms and provide reliable insights into clinical problems. The ideal rodent AVF model recapitulates the major features and pathology of human disease as closely as possible, and pre-induction of the uremic milieu is an important addition to AVF failure studies. Herein, we review different surgical methods used so far to create AVF in rodents, including surgical suturing, needle puncture, and the cuff technique. We also summarize commonly used evaluations after AVF placement. The aim was to provide recent advances and ideas for better selection and induction of rodent AVF models. At the same time, further improvements in the models and a deeper understanding of AVF failure mechanisms are expected.
Deep ensemble model-based moving object detection and classification using SAR images
Authors: Paramasivam Ramya , Kumar Prashanth , Lai Wen-Cheng , Bidare Divakarachari Parameshachari
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, image processing and computer vision models have played a vital role in moving object detection on the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Capturing of moving objects in the SAR images is a difficult task. In this study, a new automated model for detecting moving objects is proposed using SAR images. The proposed model has four main steps, namely, preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Initially, the input SAR image is pre-processed using a histogram equalization technique. Then, the weighted Otsu-based segmentation algorithm is applied for segmenting the object regions from the pre-processed images. When using the weighted Otsu, the segmented grayscale images are not only clear but also retain the detailed features of grayscale images. Next, feature extraction is carried out by gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), median binary patterns (MBPs), and additive harmonic mean estimated local Gabor binary pattern (AHME-LGBP). The final step is classification using deep ensemble models, where the objects are classified by employing the ensemble deep learning technique, combining the models like the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), and improved deep belief network (IDBN), which is trained with the features extracted previously. The combined models increase the accuracy of the results significantly. Furthermore, ensemble modeling reduces the variance and modeling method bias, which decreases the chances of overfitting. Compared to a single contributing model, ensemble models perform better and make better predictions. Additionally, an ensemble lessens the spread or dispersion of the model performance and prediction accuracy. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is related to the conventional models with respect to different measures. In the mean-case scenario, the proposed ensemble model has a minimum error value of 0.032, which is better related to other models. In both median- and best-case scenario studies, the ensemble model has a lower error value of 0.029 and 0.015.
Temporal evolution of roof collapse from tephra fallout during the 2021-Tajogaite eruption (La Palma, Spain)
Authors: Reyes-Hardy María-Paz , Biass Sébastien , Dominguez Lucia , Di Maio Luigia Sara , Frischknecht Corine , Bonadonna Costanza , Pérez Nemesio
Published: January 2024

Although dominantly effusive, the 2021 Tajogaite eruption from Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Spain) produced a wide tephra blanket over 85 days of activity. About one month after the eruption onset, clean-up operations were implemented to mitigate the impact of tephra load on primary buildings. Here, we present a post-event impact assessment of 764 primary buildings, which expands our empirical knowledge of building vulnerability to tephra fallout to include impacts from long-lasting eruptions. Field observations are analyzed in the perspective of existing fragility curves, high-resolution satellite imagery and a reconstruction of the spatio-temporal evolution of the tephra blanket to characterize the evolution of roof collapse due to static loads over time. Thanks to a chronological correlation between the temporal evolution of tephra sedimentation and the timing of clean-up operations, we quantified their effectiveness in mitigating roof collapse. If no clean-up measures had been taken 11% of the surveyed buildings would have exceeded a 75% probability of roof collapse, while only 10 roof collapses have been observed (1.3% of the analysed buildings). This work provides key insights for further development of emergency plans for the management of long-lasting eruptions characterised by the sustained emission of tephra over weeks to months.
Response of granite residual soil slopes under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Mao Qiang , Guo Kai , Zhang Jiangwei , Xiao Guangning , Du Jianhang , Cheng Xiaohui , Guo Hongxian
Published: January 2024

Granite residual soil is widely distributed in the southern coastal areas of China, and the slopes of granite residual soil are prone to instability and failure under the alternating action of rainfall and drying, which will cause great disasters to human society. In order to study the response mechanism of granite residual soil slopes under the alternating action of rainfall–drying–static–rainfall (RDSR), this study conducted indoor scaling model tests to analyze the response during dry and wet cycles. This study presented the response process of the slope under the influence of dry and wet cycles and discussed the change laws of slope deformation, water content, and matric suction. The results show that, under the alternating action of rainfall–drying–static–rainfall, 1) the network cracks on the slope form a dominant channel for rainwater seepage, which is the main reason for the rapid decline in soil anti-sliding ability within a short time; 2) at a rainfall intensity of 1.7–2.4 mm/min, the erosion effect of rain on the slope is obviously stronger than that of osmotic erosion, and the surface erosion failure of the granite residual soil slope tends to occur without an obvious sliding surface; 3) after the loss of matric suction over a certain period, the phenomenon of channeling and loss failure on the slope serve as a sufficient condition for slope instability failure but is not a necessary condition. The above research results are expected to provide the basis and reference for preventing and controlling landslide hazards in granite residual soil slopes under similar conditions.
Evolution of ocean circulation and water masses in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California) during the last 31,000 years revealed by radiolarians and silicoflagellates in IODP expedition 385 sediment cores
Authors: Velázquez-Aguilar M. , Pérez-Cruz L. , Urrutia-Fucugauchi J. , Marsaglia K. M. , Coria-Monter E. , Monreal-Gómez M. A. , Teske A. , Höfig T. W. , Aldama-Cervantes A. , Jiang S. D.
Published: January 2024

The high-resolution analysis of radiolarians and silicoflagellates in sediments from Holes U1545A and U1549A drilled during IODP Expedition 385 in the Guaymas Basin, in the Gulf of California provides detailed insights into the evolution of ocean circulation and water masses, and its relation to Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean climate conditions, over the past 31,000 cal years BP (based on AMS radiocarbon dates). In the pre-Last Glacial Maximum, the Guaymas Basin experienced alternating circulation patterns of California Current Water (CCW) and Gulf of California Water (GCW), with an extended presence of the Pacific Intermediate Water (PIW) owing to: amplified jet streams; southern movement of the California Current System (CCS) and the incursion of CCW into the gulf; and increased North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) formation. The Last Glacial Maximum witnessed the incursion of CCW due to the stronger CCS. The dominance of the PIW indicates the expansion and formation of NPIW. The Heinrich-I event as manifested in the core record, displays two distinct patterns, one suggesting GCW-like dominance and the other, the occurrence of CCW. The Bølling-Ållerød interstadial featured the entry of Tropical Surface Water (TSW), GCW, and CCW, linked with the northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In the Younger Dryas, CCW dominated, transitioning to GCW as colder climatic conditions and more intense CCS. The Holocene displayed alternating periods of TSW and GCW, with a modern monsoon regime from 7,600 to 1,000 cal years BP. From 1,000 cal years BP to the present the ITCZ shifted to the south.
Unlocking heirloom diversity: a pathway to bridging global challenges in modern apple cultivation
Authors: Aoun Mirella
Published: January 2024

Reports indicate that climate changes will result in the extinction of a significant percentage of plant species even though many of these species contributed to crucial genetic traits that led to the development of domestic crops. In the past, the diversified range of plant species, varieties, and agricultural practices allowed agriculture production and local food systems to tolerate moderate climate variability. Today, industrial farming relies on very limited genetic diversity for commercial production. Narrowing the genetic base leads to higher susceptibility to environmental changes and diseases.

Heirloom cultivars survived climate variations and extreme conditions but were abandoned in favor of a handful of commercial cultivars that dominate the food industry and fit the standards of the global food system. From a climate change perspective, it would be important to conserve heirloom cultivars to preserve biodiversity and make greater genetic diversity available to farming, which will lead to resilience and adaptation.
Nomograms confirm serum IL-6 and CRP as predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Du Jiajia , Huang Zhiyong , Zhang Erlei
Published: January 2024

Background

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). However, only a small portion of patients are responsive to ICIs. It is important to identify the patients who are likely to benefit from ICIs in clinical practice. We aimed to examine the significance of serum IL-6 and CRP levels in predicting the effectiveness of ICIs for uHCC.

Methods

We retrospectively recruited 222 uHCC patients who received ICIs treatment (training cohort: 124 patients, validation cohort: 98 patients). In the training cohort, patients are categorized into the response group (R) and no-response group (NR). The levels of serum IL-6 and CRP were compared between the two groups. Internal validation was performed in the validation cohort. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model. The nomograms were developed and assessed using the consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve.

Results

Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were significantly lower in the R group than in the NR group (9.94 vs. 36.85 pg/ml, p< 0.001; 9.90 vs. 24.50 mg/L, p< 0.001, respectively). An ROC curve was employed to identify the optimal cut-off values for IL-6 and CRP in both groups, resulting in values of 19.82 pg/ml and 15.50 mg/L, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that MVI (HR 1.751, 95%CI 1.059-2.894, p=0.029; HR 1.530, 95%CI 0.955-2.451, p=0.077), elevated IL-6 (HR 1.624, 95%CI 1.016-2.596, p=0.043; HR 2.146, 95%CI 1.361-3.383, p =0.001) and high CRP (HR 1.709, 95%CI 1.041-2.807, p=0.034; HR 1.846, 95%CI 1.128-3.022, p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for PFS and OS, even after various confounders adjustments. Nomograms are well-structured and validated prognostic maps constructed from three variables, as MVI, IL6 and CRP.

Conclusion

Low levels of IL-6 and CRP have a positive correlation with efficacy for uHCC patients receiving ICIs.