bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grasshoppers, crickets (Orthoptera) and earwigs (Dermaptera) of Tovačov gravel pit (central Moravia, Czech Republic): New locality for several thermophilous species in anthropogenic secondary habitat
Authors: Trnka Filip , Rada Stanislav
Published: February 2016

Study of Orthoptera and earwigs was conducted in Tovačov gravel pit in 2014. We have recorded 18 species of Orthoptera and 3 species of earwigs. The most significant recorded species are Cepero’s ground-hopper (Tetrix ceperoi), pygmy mole cricket (Xya variegata), Italian tree cricket (Oecanthus pellucens) and riparian earwig (Labidura riparia). Tovačov gravel pit poses the northernmost locality of T. ceperoi and X. variegata in the Czech Republic and the northernmost known locality in Moravia for O. pellucens. For the L. riparia, we present a founding from Tovačov together with another finding from Olomouc vicinity, which is currently the northernmost locality within Moravia. Our findings display recent spatial expansion of some thermophilous species. Moreover, we emphasize importance of (post)-industrial areas as secondary habitats for specialised endangered species.
Periodization Training Focused on Technical-Tactical Ability in Young Soccer Players Positively Affects Biochemical Markers and Game Performance
Authors: L. Q. T. Aquino Rodrigo , Cruz Gonçalves Luiz G. , Palucci Vieira Luiz H. , Oliveira Lucas P. , Alves Guilherme F. , Pereira Santiago Paulo R. , Puggina Enrico F.
Published: February 2016

Aquino, RLQT, Cruz Gonçalves, LG, Palucci Vieira, LH, Oliveira, LP, Alves, GF, Pereira Santiago, PR, and Puggina, EF. Periodization training focused on technical-tactical ability in young soccer players positively affects biochemical markers and game performance. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2723–2732, 2016—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 22 weeks of periodized training, with an emphasis on technical-tactical ability, on indirect markers of muscle damage, and the on-field performance of young soccer players. Fifteen players (age 15.4 ± 0.2 years, height 172.8 ± 3.6 cm; body mass 61.9 ± 2.9 kg; % fat 11.7 ± 1.6; V̇o
2max 48.67 ± 3.24 ml·kg−1·min−1) underwent 4 stages of evaluation: prepreparatory stage—T0; postpreparatory stage—T1; postcompetitive stage I—T2 and; postcompetitive stage II—T3. The plasmatic activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated, as well as the on-field performance (movement patterns, tactical variables). Regarding the plasmatic activity of CK and LDH, there was a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) throughout the periodization training (T0: 350 U·L−1; T3: 150 U·L−1). Significant increases were observed (p ≤ 0.05) in the intensity of the game, high-intensity activities (HIA) (T0: 22%; T3: 27%), maximum speed (T0: 30 km·h−1; T3: 34 km·h−1) and tactical performance, team surface area (T0: 515 m2; T3: 683 m2), and spread (T0: 130 m; T3: 148 m). In addition, we found significant inverse correlations between the percentage variation of T0 to T3 in CK and LDH activities with percentage variation in high-intensity running (r = −0.85; p ≤ 0.05 and r = −0.84; p < 0.01, respectively) and HIA (r = −0.71 and r = −0.70; p ≤ 0.05, respectively) during the matches. We concluded that there was reduced activity in biochemical markers related to muscle damage, as well as increases in-game high-intensity performance and the tactical performance of the study participants. Furthermore, players who showed greater reduction in plasma activity of CK and LDH also obtained greater increases in-game high-intensity performance along the periodization. These results may contribute to the expansion and future consolidation of the knowledge of coaches and sport scientists to develop effective methodologies for training in soccer.
Are Syndicates the Killer App of Equity Crowdfunding?
Authors: Agrawal Ajay , Catalini Christian , Goldfarb Avi
Published: February 2016

Information asymmetry presents a challenge to equity crowdfunding just as in other markets for equity capital. Investors are less likely to finance startups when it is difficult to assess quality. Syndicates reduce market failures caused by information asymmetry by shifting the focal investment activities of the crowd from startups to lead investors. Syndicates align the incentives of issuers, lead investors, and follow-on investors by providing incentives for lead investors to conduct due diligence, monitor progress, and exploit their reputation. Preliminary evidence foreshadows a meaningful role for syndicates in the allocation of capital to early-stage ventures.
Regulation of liver development: implications for liver biology across the lifespan
Authors: Gruppuso Philip A , Sanders Jennifer A
Published: February 2016

The liver serves a spectrum of essential metabolic and synthetic functions that are required for the transition from fetal to postnatal life. Processes essential to the attainment of adequate liver mass and function during fetal life include cell lineage specification early in development, enzymic and other functional modes of differentiation throughout gestation, and ongoing cell proliferation to achieve adequate liver mass. Available data in laboratory rodents indicate that the signaling networks governing these processes in the fetus differ from those that can sustain liver function and mass in the adult. More specifically, fetal hepatocytes may develop independent of key mitogenic signaling pathways, including those involving the Erk mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK1/3 and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In addition, the fetal liver is subject to environmental influences that, through epigenetic mechanisms, can have sustained effects on function and, by extension, contribute to the developmental origin of adult metabolic disease. Finally, the mitogen-independent phenotype of rat fetal hepatocytes in late gestation makes these cells suitable for cell-based therapy of liver injury. In the aggregate, studies on the mechanisms governing fetal liver development have implications not only for the perinatal metabolic transition but also for the prevention and treatment of liver disorders throughout the lifespan.
Una aproximación de los derechos humanos de las mujeres a partir de una lectura hermenéuticoanalógica-icónica de la historia de Tamar (2 Samuel 13:1-22)
Authors: Suarez Medina Gabriel Alfonso , Meza Rueda José Luis , Martínez Morales Víctor Marciano , Meldivelso Ana
Published: February 2016

Una lectura, desde la perspectiva de la hermenéutica analógica-icónica, de 2 Samuel 13:1-22 puede contribuir a la transformación de la realidad personal y comunitaria, pero también al desarrollo de una reflexión teológica preocupada por los derechos humanos de las personas en contextos vulnerables de la sociedad colombiana, cuyo tejido social ha sido rasgado por el conflicto armado y la violencia intrafamiliar. Se trata de una lectura que no se limita a legitimar discursos (lectura unívoca, dogmática) o simplemente acepta cualquier interpretación (lectura equívoca, relativista) según intereses individuales, sino que propone ir al contexto real de las situaciones para liberar las personas de sus estigmas y devolverlas a la sociedad capaces de empoderarse y autoagenciarse, porque proporciona mecanismos que les permiten hacer valer sus intereses de manera legítima, así como exigirles a las entidades gubernamentales que acaten los estándares de conducta a los que se han comprometido.
Hacia una propuesta de teología evangélica
Authors: Novoa Carlos
Published: February 2016

Teología es una palabra que genera desconcierto e incluso aburrimiento al común de las personas. Contrario a ello, y es el argumento que guía este artículo, la teología es un acaecer sugerente, entusiasmante y llena de un gran sentido e importancia en medio del convulsionado mundo que vivimos. Existe una infinidad de teologías, en medio de las cuales este escrito formula de manera sintética una propuesta teológica desde el evangelio. La exégesis bíblica se constituye en el punto de partida de la argumentación, y los ejes fundamentales del planteamiento están constituidos por la ausencia de retórica y casuística farisea; vivir a fondo el camino de Jesús; aprehenderlo como un acontecer histórico, seductor y exigente, que nos lanza a las más benéficas transformaciones personales y sociales; y reivindicar la capitalidad del evangelio, la Iglesia y el Reinado de Dios.
Reseña: Libro V Simposio de Teología India.
Authors: Merino Beas Patricio
Published: February 2016

Presento el libro que recoge las ponencias y resultados del V Simposio de Teología India. Como tal se trata de una obra en colaboración, pero no por ello carente de unidad, profundidad y sistematicidad. No solo porque aborda una temática específica, sino porque es parte de un proceso que ya lleva casi veinte años, como tendremos oportunidad de dar a conocer más adelante en esta reseña.
Pediatric Pes Planus: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Carr James B. , Yang Scott , Lather Leigh Ann
Published: February 2016

Flatfoot (pes planus) is common in infants and children and often resolves by adolescence. Thus, flatfoot is described as physiologic because it is usually flexible, painless, and of no functional consequence. In rare instances, flatfoot can become painful or rigid, which may be a sign of underlying foot pathology, including arthritis or tarsal coalition. Despite its prevalence, there is no standard definition for pediatric flatfoot. Furthermore, there are no large, prospective studies that compare the natural history of idiopathic, flexible flat feet throughout development in response to various treatments. The available literature does not elucidate which patients are at risk for developing pain and disability as young adults. Current evidence suggests that it is safe and appropriate to simply observe an asymptomatic child with flat feet. Painful flexible flatfoot may benefit from orthopedic intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or even a surgical procedure. Orthotics, although generally unproven to alter the course of flexible flatfoot, may provide relief of pain when present. Surgical procedures include Achilles tendon lengthening, bone-cutting procedures that rearrange the alignment of the foot (osteotomies), fusion of joints (arthrodesis), or insertion of a silicone or metal cap into the sinus tarsi to establish a medial foot arch (arthroereisis). It is important for a general pediatrician to know when a referral to an orthopedic specialist is indicated and which treatments may be offered to the patient. Updated awareness of the current evidence regarding pediatric flatfoot helps the provider confidently and appropriately counsel patients and families.
Ultrasonido en el punto de atención en un escenario rural con recursos limitados
Authors: Carvajal Valdy Gabriel , Pardo Jara Jacobo
Published: February 2016

La ultrasonografía en el punto de atención es una modalidad de evaluación ecográfica limitada llevada al paciente y realizada por un proveedor en tiempo real como complemento de la evaluación y razonamiento clínicos, con  el objetivo de lograr un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado para situaciones específicas. El ultrasonido en el punto de atención por proveedores no radiólogos ha adquirido gran relevancia en medios austeros o de baja disponibilidad de recursos como en las zonas rurales, debido a su accesibilidad, portabilidad, seguridad y confiabilidad en situaciones específicas. Esta modalidad de imágenes ha logrado consolidarse en la evaluación diagnóstica y como método de guía de procedimientos percutáneos. Esta revisión pretende introducir las ventajas de las aplicaciones en el punto de atención de la ultrasonografía y presentar ejemplos de su relevancia en ambientes austeros.
CASO 19-2015:Feohifomicosis nasal por Exophiala dermatidis
Authors: Solís Rojas Natalia , Muñoz Hernández Enrique , Villalobos Zúñiga Manuel Antonio
Published: February 2016

Paciente masculino de 74 años, vecino de Turrubares,domador de caballos, con antecedentespersonales patológicos de gastrectomia total,EPOC y osteoporosis. Consulta por tumoraciónviolácea de 6 meses de evolución en fosa nasalizquierda, de crecimiento lentamente progresivo,asociado a epistaxis leve, y rinorrea fétida. Medianteexamen físico, cultivo y biopsia se diagnostica feohifomicosis por Exophiala dermatidis. Tras dos meses de resección quirúrgica, se documenta recurrencia de la lesión, por lo que se decide hospitalizar para tratamiento antifungico endovenoso con anfotericina B deoxycolato y itraconazol por seis meses. Sin embargo tras dos meses de tratamiento con itraconazol, amerita nueva hospitalización por recaída clínica, realizándose escisión quirúrgica completa y cambiando tratamiento a posaconazol, cursando el paciente posteriormente asintomatico, sin necesidad de nuevas intervenciones terapéuticas.
CASO 21-2015:Femenina de 30 años, con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico y Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida.
Authors: Sánchez Benavides Marvin , Vásquez Cespedes Johanna
Published: February 2016

Paciente femenina de 30 años, con antecedente de depresión crónica y diagnostico reciente de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES),consulta por cuadro de dos días de evolución caracterizado por debilidad en miembros inferiores, que posteriormente asocia parestesias, paraplejia flácida, retención urinaria e incontinencia fecal. Al examen físico se documenta VI par derecho con nistagmo horizontal, arreflexia en miembros inferiores, globo vesical y nivel sensitivo T6. Ante la sospecha de mielitis transversa se inicia inmunosupresión con esteroides intravenosos más ciclofosfamida mensual y aféresis, tras lo cual se evidencia una paulatina mejoría clínica. Se realizó una resonancia magnética del cordón espinal que evidenció lesiones difusas hiperintensas en la secuencia T2 con compromiso longitudinal desde el tercio distal espinal hasta el cono medular compatible con Mielitis Transversa Longitudinalmente Extendida (LETM). Se egresa de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con mejoría clínica y se continúa manejo con ciclofosfamida mensual. Actualmente persiste con discreta hipoestesia en silla de montar y deambula sin dificultad con bastón. Se reporta un caso de LETM en LES, a la fecha se han reportado menos de 30 casos en la literatura mundial
TEMA 14-2015:Endocarditis Infecciosa
Authors: Ramírez Cisneros Benjamín , Sedó Mejía Giovanni , Hütt Centeno Ericka
Published: February 2016

La endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con elevada morbimortalidad. Afecta principalmente a personas con cardiopatías degenerativas, adultos mayores y antecedente de cardiopatía reumática. El endotelio valvular o endocárdico es naturalmente resistente a la colonización de bacterias, por lo que debe de haber una lesión y formación de trombo que es luego colonizado por microorganismos, generando lo que se conoce como una vegetación. Los agentes causales más aislados incluyen los estreptococos orales y los estafilococos. La mayoría de pacientes se presenta con fiebre, síntomas constitucionales y un soplo de novo o que cambió de características. Los criterios modifi-cados de Duke incluyen criterios clínicos, microbiológicos y ecocardiográficos. Se recomienda a todo paciente con sospecha moderada de endocarditis infecciosa, realizar inicialmente un ecocardiograma transtorácico. Las complicaciones cardiacas son las más comunes, seguidas por las complicaciones neurológicas. Hoy en día se aboga por un tratamiento quirúrgico temprano, sin embargo, hasta un 25% de los pacientes quirúrgicos no se operan. La piedra angular del tratamiento son los antibióticos bactericidas parenterales y se tiende a mutilizar terapia doble con acción sinergista.
OPTIMAL POSTHARVEST STORAGE PARAMETERS AND SHELF LIFE OF BABY SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.)
Authors: VIŠKELIS Jonas , RUBINSKIENĖ Marina , URBONAVIČIENĖ Dalia , BOBINAITĖ, Ramunė , VIŠKELIS, Pranas
Published: February 2016

This work was done to evaluate the optimal postharvest storage parameters and shelf life of baby spinach. Baby spinach (50 g) was sealed in three different polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) packaging materials: 30 m (PP), 35 m (PE) & 40 m (PE), and were stored in darkness for 3 and 9 days at 0 °C, 4 °C, 8 °C & 16 °C ( 1 °C). Total content of phenolics, soluble solids, nitrates, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid & spinach color (CIEL*a*b*) were measured by standard methods after 3 and 9 days of storage. Baby spinach stored at 0  1 °C and 4  1 °C showed the best visual quality. Storage temperature had significant influence on spinach colour, but the influence of packaging was not so strong. The content of soluble solids, ascorbic acid and nitrates decreased during storage. The highest amount of ascorbic acid was retained when baby spinach were stored in 40 m PE bags at 0  1 °C. When baby spinach was stored at higher temperatures (4 °C, 8 °C & 16 °C), the decrease in the amount of ascorbic acid ranged from 55 % to 69 %. Baby spinach stored for 9 days at 0 °C & 4 °C showed high visual and biochemical quality. Higher amounts of soluble solids and ascorbic acid were found in spinach stored in 40 m PE bags. Keywords: postharvest storage, spinach, Spinacia oleracea L.
THE EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) ROOT NECK GROWTH IN AUTUMN
Authors: ŠIDLAUSKAS Gvidas , PRANCKIETIENĖ Irena , DROMANTIENĖ Rūta , PRANCKIETIS Viktoras
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paper.
CHANGES OF ACTINIDIA KOLOMIKTA FRUIT TEXTURE DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE CHAMBERS
Authors: PAULAUSKIENĖ Aurelija , PRANCKIETIS Viktoras , BARČYTĖ Toma , TARASEVIČIENĖ Živilė
Published: February 2016

Investigations were carried out in 2013. A. kolomikta cv. ‘Laiba’, ‘Lankė’, ‘Landė’, ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits were picked at the technical maturity stage. The amount of dry matter, soluble solids and texture parameters were established in fruits after harvesting and during storage. Fruits stored for 8 weeks in controlled atmosphere chambers with different air parameters (No. 1–21 % O2, No. 2–0.5 % O2, No. 3–1 % O2, No. 4–1 % O2 and 1 % CO2). Dry matter, soluble solids and texture analysis were done biweekly. The amount of dry matter was determined by drying the samples to the constant mass at the temperature of 105 ºC. Soluble solids content was determined by the refractometric method. Fruit texture parameters were analysed by Texture analyser. The results of chemical analysis at harvest time showed that the biggest amount of dry matter and the highest value of flesh firmness were in ‘Laiba’ fruits, soluble solids in ‘Landė’ fruits. The highest value of bio-yield point was established in ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits. Results of analysis showed that dry matter content as well as soluble solids content of A. kolomikta fruits increases during storage in controlled atmosphere chambers. The highest increase in soluble solids content was in chamber No. 4 and the highest increase in dry matter content was in chamber No. 2 compared with fruits at harvest time. A. kolomikta fruits texture changes during fruit ripening with bio-yield point and flesh firmness declining. The largest decrease of bio-yield point and flesh firmness of fruits occurred in two weeks of storage.
CHARACTERISATION OF TOMATO JUICE AND DIFFERENT TOMATO-BASED JUICE BLENDS FORTIFIED WITH ISOMERISED LYCOPENE EXTRACT
Authors: URBONAVIČIENĖ Dalia , BOBINAITĖ Ramunė , VIŠKELIS Jonas , VIŠKELIS Pranas , BOBINAS Česlovas
Published: February 2016

Juices and beverages with bioactive compounds are consumed for their nutritive and health benefits. Beverages fortified with various functional ingredients are an important product category within the functional food segment. In this study tomato juice with various proportions of apple, carrot and sweet corn juice together with isomerised lycopene extract were used for formulation of functional beverages. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of prepared juice blends was evaluated and a sensory analysis was conducted in order to identify the most acceptable blends. The addition of concentrated isomerised lycopene extract with -carotene to tomato juice as well as juice blends significantly increased the levels of lycopene and especially the levels of cis-lycopene in the final products. The content of total lycopene in the juice blends varied from 16.21 mg/100 g to 25.65 mg/100 g, whereas the content of cis-lycopene – from 9.16 to 14.46 mg/100 g. The juice blends containing apple juice had the lowest pH and the highest titratable acidity. Higher percentage of apple, sweet corn or carrot juice in the blends resulted in higher contents of TSS in the functional beverage. The addition of apple, carrot, and sweet corn juice significantly changed the initial color of the tomato juice. The lowest colour difference (E) values had tomato-carrot juice blends (6.8–7.3), whereas the highest E had tomato juice with 25 and 35 % of sweet corn juice (10.6 and 14.3, respectively). Sensory evaluation revealed that the most acceptable taste had tomato-apple juice blend with 35 % apple juice and tomato-carrot juice blend with 40 % carrot juice.
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX DENSITY ON CUCUMBER AND TOMATO TRANSPLANTS ASSIMILATIVE INDICES
Authors: Bagdonavičienė Aistė , Brazaitytė Aušra , Jankauskienė Julė , Duchovskis Pavelas
Published: February 2016

The objective of our studies was to evaluate the assimilative indices of cucumber (‘Pasalimo F1’) and tomato (‘Marissa F1’) transplants, cultivated under various photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) were provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Experiment was performed in phytotron complex of Institute of Horticulture, LRCAF. A system of high-power, solid-state lighting modules with 92 % 638 nm (red) + 665 nm (red) + 731 nm (far red) and 8 % 447 nm (blue) was used in the experiments. The generated PPFD of each type of five solid-state modules was ~200 and ~400 μmol m-2 s-1. Our experiment revealed that increased net assimilation rate (NAR) depended on increased PPFD of cucumber and tomato hybrid. 400 μmol m-2 s-1 LED illumination had positive effect on relative growth rate (RGR). Cucumbers which were grown under 200 μmol m-2 s-1 had bigger leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA), their development has been bigger as compared to higher 400 μmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. High PPFD LED illumination had positive effect on leaf weight ratio (LWR), shoot root ratio (SRR) and tomato transplants development. These studies with various photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and LEDs light should be continued throughout plant vegetation.
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILISERS ON THE GRAIN YIELD OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF WINTER WHEAT
Authors: VAGUSEVIČIENĖ Ilona , JUCHNEVIČIENĖ Aistė
Published: February 2016

The article deals with the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield of different cultivars of winter wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2011–2013 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in carbonate shallow gleyic leached soil, (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). The object of the investigation was winter wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’. In sowing time the wheat was treated with granular superphosphate (P60) and potassium chloride (K60), and in spring, after the vegetative growth had resumed, in tillering time (BBCH 23–15) with ammonium nitrate (N60). Additionally, foliar fertilizer urea solution was used: N30, N40 at booting stage (BBCH 34–36) and N15, N30 at milk ripening stage (BBCH 71–74). It has been established that application of nitrogen fertilizer at booting and milk ripening stages increased the yield of wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’ (0.06–1.74 and 0.41–1.74 t ha–1). The correlation and regression analysis confirmed that wheat grain yield statistically significantly correlated with nitrogen fertilizer application rates. The correlative relationships were very strong (r = 0.983 and r = 0.987). Irrespective of additional fertilization, genetic properties of the cultivars also had influence on the yield.
THE DYNAMICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN WINTER WHEAT LEAVES WHEN USING NITROGEN FERTILISERS
Authors: JUCHNEVIČIENĖ Aistė , VAGUSEVIČIENĖ Ilona
Published: February 2016

The paper investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilisers on the amount of photosynthetic pigments in winter wheat leaves. The research was carried out in the period between 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in carbonate shallow gleyic leached soil, (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). The object of investigation: winter wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’. Granular superphosphate (P60) and potassium chloride (K60) fertilisers were spread during sowing, while amonium nitrate (N60) was used in tillering time (BBCH 23–25), after the vegetative growth had resumed. Additionally, the plants were treated with foliar fertiliser urea solution: N30, N40 at booting stage (BBCH 34–36) and N15, N30 at milk ripening stage (BBCH 71–74). After the analysis of the data, it was established that additional fertilization with N30 and N40 fertiliser application rates at later stages of plant development stimulated the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and prolonged the period of active photosynthesis. Irrespective of treatment with nitrogen fertilisers, genetic properties of the cultivar also had influence on the accumulation of the pigments. Wheat cultivar ‘Zentos’ tended to accumulate larger amounts of pigments. The highest amounts of pigments were found at the beginning of milk ripening stage before additional treatment with N15, N30 fertiliser application rates.
Distribution extension of Flirtea picta Perty, 1832 (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) to Brazilian Atlantic Forest with notes on ecology
Authors: Piñeiro-Passos Francisca , Andrade Alessandra Rodrigues Santos de , Gondim-Silva Felipe Augusto Trindade , Melo Tércio Da Silva , Peres Marcelo César Lima
Published: February 2016

Herein we report the first record of the Flirtea picta Perty, 1832, harvestmen from the Atlantic Rainforest (Michelin Ecological Reserve – Igrapiúna – Bahia, Brazil). In Brazil, this study extends the distribution of the species, previously known only in Amazonas and Pará states. We collected 157 individuals in three environments: tree-fall gaps, inner forest and edge forest. A brief comment on some ecological aspects of this species is also presented.
Awareness, Understanding, and Adoption of Precision Medicine to Deliver Personalized Treatment for Patients With Cancer: A Multinational Survey Comparison of Physicians and Patients
Authors: Ciardiello Fortunato , Adams Richard , Tabernero Josep , Seufferlein Thomas , Taieb Julien , Moiseyenko Vladimir , Ma Brigette , Lopez Gustavo , Vansteenkiste Johan F. , Esser Regina , Tejpar Sabine
Published: February 2016

Background.

Two separate multinational surveys of oncologists and patients with cancer were conducted to assess the awareness and use of biomarkers in clinical practice. These data explore the self-reported and physician-assessed levels of patient cancer literacy and factors affecting physicians’ choice to use biomarkers in treatment decisions.

Patients and Methods.

Interviews were conducted via telephone with patients and online with physicians. Physicians had 3–35 years of experience; were treating more than 15 patients/month; and specialized in breast, lung, or colorectal cancer. Patients had received treatment for breast, lung, or colorectal cancer within the previous 5 years.

Results.

Interviews with 895 physicians and 811 patients were completed. Most patients and physicians reported that patients understood that a tumor could be tested to determine what treatment would be most effective (78% and 73%, respectively) and that patients would be willing to participate in a personalized treatment plan. Whereas 85% of patients felt that they understood their treatment when it was explained to them, only 23% of doctors felt that their patients were always fully informed. Most physicians (90%) reported using biomarkers; among the 10% not performing biomarker analysis, the most cited obstacles were local availability, speed of obtaining results, and cost.

Conclusion.

These data demonstrate wide global use of biomarker testing but with regional variations reflecting cultural and local practice. Self-reported and physician-assessed cancer literacy, although generally high, highlighted important regional variations and the need to provide patients with additional information.
Assessing the Eventual Publication of Clinical Trial Abstracts Submitted to a Large Annual Oncology Meeting
Authors: Massey Paul R. , Wang Ruibin , Prasad Vinay , Bates Susan E. , Fojo Tito
Published: February 2016

Background.

Despite the ethical imperative to publish clinical trials when human subjects are involved, such data frequently remain unpublished. The objectives were to tabulate the rate and ascertain factors associated with eventual publication of clinical trial results reported as abstracts in the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (American Society of Clinical Oncology).

Materials and Methods.

Abstracts describing clinical trials for patients with breast, lung, colorectal, ovarian, and prostate cancer from 2009 to 2011 were identified by using a comprehensive online database (http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/abstracts). Abstracts included reported results of a treatment or intervention assessed in a discrete, prospective clinical trial. Publication status at 4−6 years was determined by using a standardized search of PubMed. Primary outcomes were the rate of publication for abstracts of randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. Secondary outcomes included factors influencing the publication of results.

Results.

A total of 1,075 abstracts describing 378 randomized and 697 nonrandomized clinical trials were evaluated. Across all years, 75% of randomized and 54% of nonrandomized trials were published, with an overall publication rate of 61%. Sample size was a statistically significant predictor of publication for both randomized and nonrandomized trials (odds ratio [OR] per increase of 100 participants = 1.23 [1.11–1.36], p < .001; and 1.64 [1.15–2.34], p = .006, respectively). Among randomized studies, an industry coauthor or involvement of a cooperative group increased the likelihood of publication (OR 2.37, p = .013; and 2.21, p = .01, respectively). Among nonrandomized studies, phase II trials were more likely to be published than phase I (p < .001). Use of an experimental agent was not a predictor of publication in randomized (OR 0.76 [0.38–1.52]; p = .441) or nonrandomized trials (OR 0.89 [0.61–1.29]; p = .532).

Conclusion.

This is the largest reported study examining why oncology trials are not published. The data show that 4−6 years after appearing as abstracts, 39% of oncology clinical trials remain unpublished. Larger sample size and advanced trial phase were associated with eventual publication; among randomized trials, an industry-affiliated author or a cooperative group increased likelihood of publication. Unfortunately, we found that, despite widespread recognition of the problem and the creation of central data repositories, timely publishing of oncology clinical trials results remains unsatisfactory.
A chemical sensor for alternative barriers using NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Herzberg Jan C. , Stylianou Marinos , Pourjabbar Anahita , Kostarelos Konstantinos
Published: February 2016

Remediation of contaminated sites often includes the use of alternative barriers as a passive treatment method for a variety of contaminants and sites. Alternative barriers, in turn, require a means for monitoring their performance directly, without the need for costly sampling. It is ideal that the monitoring system provide the data in real time and remotely. When combined with optical fibres, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising chemical sensor for in situ, on-site detection of contaminants. This technology has important advantages over other sensors: it can be used to identify hydrocarbons – capable of distinguishing between chemical groups such as alkanes and chlorinated, aromatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, as well as distinguishing compounds within the same homologous series of hydrocarbons. Furthermore, with the combined use of lipophilic polymer coatings and tip sensors, the waveguide can be turned into a localised chemical sensor. Coupled with the fact that the new generation of spectrometers are lower in cost and smaller in size than their predecessors, such a sensor can be installed in the field where communications technologies can transmit data from a remote location – ideally suited for alternative barriers as a means of monitoring the subsurface environment and the performance of the barrier.
Modelling sliding resistance of tolerably mobile subsea mudmats
Authors: Feng X. , Gourvenec S.
Published: February 2016

Subsea infrastructure for deep-water oil and gas developments is often supported by mudmat foundations. Traditionally, subsea mudmats are designed to resist the loads imposed by pipeline thermal expansion and contraction while remaining stationary. As subsea facilities have grown, the required size and weight of the mudmats challenge the handling capacity of installation vessels and raise costs. Tolerable mobility of a subsea mudmat can significantly relieve the applied loads, leading to reduced mudmat size and weight. In this paper, the cyclic shearing and reconsolidation response of fine-grained soil around a tolerably mobile mudmat is investigated through results of finite-element analysis using a critical state soil model. The mudmat was subjected to a simulated lifetime of operation, with many cycles of undrained sliding with intervening consolidation between cycles. The sliding resistance was shown to rise exponentially with cycles and reach the drained limit, accompanied by significant strength gain in the subsoil because of the intervening consolidation between movements. The degree of reconsolidation between slides affects the number of cycles required to mobilise the drained limit. The hardening response for periodic shearing with intervening consolidation is shown to scale from the hardening response for continuous undrained shearing by an amount depending on the degree of intervening consolidation during pipeline operation. Expressions for the rate of hardening of sliding resistance of a tolerably mobile mudmat foundation are proposed in this paper to assist design practice.
Biodegradation as natural fibre pre-treatment in composite manufacturing
Authors: Sotenko Maria , Coles Stuart R. , McEwen Iain , DeCampos Rejane , Barker Guy , Kirwan Kerry
Published: February 2016

Bacterial and fungal degradation of wheat straw has become intensively scrutinised in recent years because of the growing interest in procuring useful feedstocks and chemicals from lignocellulosic sources. Typically, after the extraction of valuable sugars and phenolics, significant quantities of solid biomass remain as waste. In this work, it has been shown that the leftover fermented wheat straw can be successfully used to reinforce epoxy resins, providing better strength properties compared to non-degraded straw. A 12% and a 22% increase in Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength respectively were observed for degraded wheat straw/epoxy composites compared to composites containing non-degraded straw. The improvement in mechanical strength is explained in terms of the structural and morphological transformations that occurred in the fibres during the fermentation process. The opportunity to use degraded natural fibres in the manufacturing of composites, in addition to the production of chemicals from lignocellulosic feedstocks, looks promising for improving biorefinery economics further.
Re-Examining Risk of Repeated HLA Mismatch in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Tinckam Kathryn J. , Rose Caren , Hariharan Sundaram , Gill John
Published: February 2016

Kidney retransplantation is a risk factor for decreased allograft survival. Repeated mismatched HLA antigens between first and second transplant may be a stimulus for immune memory responses and increased risk of alloimmune damage to the second allograft. Historical data identified a role of repeated HLA mismatches in allograft loss. However, evolution of HLA testing methods and a modern transplant era necessitate re-examination of this role to more accurately risk-stratify recipients. We conducted a contemporary registry analysis of data from 13,789 patients who received a second kidney transplant from 1995 to 2011, of which 3868 had one or more repeated mismatches. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed no effect of repeated mismatches on all–cause or death–censored graft loss. Analysis of predefined subgroups, however, showed that any class 2 repeated mismatch increased the hazard of death–censored graft loss, particularly in patients with detectable panel–reactive antibody before second transplant (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02 to 1.29). Furthermore, in those who had nephrectomy of the first allograft, class 2 repeated mismatches specifically associated with all–cause (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.58) and death–censored graft loss (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.78). These updated data redefine the effect of repeated mismatches in retransplantation and challenge the paradigm that repeated mismatches in isolation confer increased immunologic risk. We also defined clear recipient categories for which repeated mismatches may be of greater concern in a contemporary cohort. Additional studies are needed to determine appropriate interventions for these recipients.
Renal Function Profile in White Kidney Donors: The First 4 Decades
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan N. , Foley Robert N. , Reule Scott A. , Spong Richard , Kukla Aleksandra , Issa Naim , Berglund Danielle M. , Sieger Gretchen K. , Matas Arthur J.
Published: February 2016

Previous studies reported the risk of ESRD after kidney donation, but not the renal outcomes that precede ESRD. Here, we estimated the risk of proteinuria, reduced GFR, and ESRD in 3956 white kidney donors, assessed the contribution of postdonation hypertension and diabetes to these outcomes, and developed a risk calculator. After a mean±SD follow-up of 16.6±11.9 years, 215 (6.1%) donors developed proteinuria. Men had a higher risk of proteinuria (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.18 to 2.05; P<0.001) as did those with higher body mass index (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.13; P<0.001). In all, 1410 (36%) donors reached an eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and 112 (2.8%) donors had either an eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or ESRD (28 donors developed ESRD). An eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or ESRD associated with older age (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.09; P<0.001), higher body mass index (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.13; P<0.001), and higher systolic BP (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04; P=0.01) at donation. Postdonation diabetes and hypertension associated with a fourfold higher risk of proteinuria and a >2-fold higher risk of ESRD. Models predicting proteinuria and reduced eGFR performed well (C-index 0.77–1.00). In conclusion, severe reduction in GFR and ESRD after kidney donation were uncommon and were highly associated with postdonation diabetes and hypertension. Furthermore, information available before donation may predict long-term renal outcomes in white living kidney donors.
Neurovascular conflict in oculomotor imbalance
Authors: Totolyan Natalya Agafonovna , Kechek Gayane Alexandrovna , Totolyan Anna Aregovna , Rubtsova Irina Veniaminovna
Published: February 2016

This article, based on the data of Russian and foreign literature, considers modern approaches to the understanding of neurovascular conflict (NVC) term, different causes of its development and realization mechanisms; statistical data are presented on its occurrence in different medical specialties; modern approaches to early diagnosis of neurovascular conflicts are covered. Special attention is drawn to oculomotor imbalances being one of neurovascular conflict manifestations. Based on global experience, approaches to most exact and early diagnosis are described, differences in notion terminology of neurovascular contact and neurovascular conflict are shown. As most effective method for NVC diagnosis, the use of neurovisualization method, that is high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (high field MRI), is positioned.
Central retinal vein occlusion in a patient with HIV-associated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tultseva Svetlana Nikolaevna , Astakhov Yury Sergeevich , Nechiporenko Pavel Andreevich , Titarenko Aleksandra Ivanovna
Published: February 2016

This article describes the case of a rare HIV complication of the central retinal vein occlusion (RVO), which occurred on the background of HIV-associated thrombocytopenia. Therapy of post-RVO macular edema in this case included intravitreal injections of Ozurdex combined with general antiretroviral drugs and systemic corticosteroid use. Significant visual function improvement and stabilization of the process were achieved in 15 months in spite of the delayed treatment start (three months after the disease onset) and patient’s resistance to previous therapy. Three intravitreal injections of Ozurdex were performed, intervals between injections being from 5 to 6 months.
¿Qué es la innovación social?
Authors: López Orduz María A.
Published: February 2016

Entrevista a Dmitri Domanski.Profesor e investigador en innovación social del Instituto de investigación social Sozialforschungsstelle Dortmund, Universidad de Dortmund, Alemania.
Keys to Detecting Writing Flexibility Over Time: Entropy and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Snow Erica Linn , Allen Laura K , Jacovina Matthew E , Crossley Scott A , Perret Cecile A , McNamara Danielle S
Published: February 2016

Writing researchers have suggested that students who are perceived as strong writers (i.e., those who generate texts that are rated as high quality) demonstrate flexibility in their writing style. While anecdotally this has been a commonly held belief among researchers, scientists, and educators, there is little empirical research to support this claim. This study further investigates this hypothesis by examining how students vary in their use of two linguistic features (i.e., narrativity and cohesion) across 16 prompt-based essays. Forty-five high school students wrote 16 essays across 8 sessions within an Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) system. Natural language processing (NLP) techniques and Entropy analyses were used to calculate how rigid or flexible students were in their use of narrative and cohesive linguistic features over time and how this trait related to individual differences in literacy abilities (i.e., vocabulary knowledge and comprehension ability), prior world knowledge, and essay quality. For instance, through the unique combination of NLP and Entropy, we found that patterns of narrative flexibility (or rigidity) was significantly and reliably related to students’ prior reading comprehension ability after 2 sessions (4 essays).   Conversely, students’ flexible (or rigid) use of cohesive features was reliably related to their prior reading comprehension ability after 5 sessions (10 essays). These exploratory methodologies are important for researchers and educators, as they indicate that writing flexibility is indeed a trait of strong writers and can be detected rather quickly using the combination of textual features and dynamic analyses.
Does Time-on-task Estimation Matter? Implications on Validity of Learning Analytics Findings
Authors: Kovanovic Vitomir , Gašević Dragan , Dawson Shane , Joksimovic Srećko , Baker Ryan
Published: February 2016

With the widespread adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMS) and other learning technology, large amounts of data – commonly known as trace data – are being recorded and are readily accessible to educational researchers. Among different uses of trace data, it has been extensively used to calculate time that students spent on different learning activities – commonly referred to as student time-on-task. Extracted time-on-task measures are then used to build predictive models of student learning in order to understand and improve learning processes. While time-on-task measures have been extensively used in Learning Analytics research, the details of their estimation are rarely described and the consequences that this process entails are not fully examined.This paper presents findings from two experiments that looked at the different time-on-task estimation methods and how they influence the final research findings. Based on modeling different student performance measures with popular statistical methods in two datasets (one online and one blended), our findings indicate that time-on-task estimation methods play an important role in shaping the final study results. This is particularly true for online setting where the amount of interaction with LMS is typically higher. The primary goal of this paper is to raise awareness and initiate a debate on the important issue of time-on-task estimation within a broader learning analytics community. Finally, the paper provides an overview of commonly adopted time-on-task estimation methods in educational and related research fields.
Pensar ‘teóricamente’ la práctica de la enseñanza de la historia
Authors: Zavala Ana
Published: February 2016

Este artículo propone presentar los modos en los cuales la práctica de la enseñanza de la historia es teorizada, desde fuera (por académicos fundamentalmente) y desde dentro (por los propios profesores). Cada una de estas formas de teorización apela a fundamentos distintos, así como evidencia fines diferentes para abocarse a ella. Me interesará la confrontación entre estos dos modos de teorización, en tanto ambos articulan de diferentes maneras la práctica (de la investigación o de la enseñanza) y la teoría (la de la práctica – de la investigación o de la enseñanza – o la relativa a distintos registros de lo real), lo cual implicará algunas reflexiones en torno los usos de algunos términos claves para el acercamiento a esta temática. La tesis del artículo apunta no a forzar la contradicción entre la teorización académica y la práctica sino por el contrario a sugerir un modo de pensar su complementariedad.