bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Fe2O3‐TiO2 Integrated with Plasmonic Ag Nanoparticles for Enhanced Solar H2 Production
Authors: Mani Sunesh S , Rajendran Sivaraj , Saju Simi , Babu Bindhya M. , Mathew Thomas , Gopinath Chinnakonda S
Published: January 2025

Present work describes a sol‐gel assisted one‐pot synthesis of mesoporous Fe₂O₃‐TiO₂ nanocomposites (TiFe) with different Ti : Fe ratios, and fabrication of Ag‐integrated with TiFe nanocomposites (TiFeAg) by a chemical reduction method and demonstrated for high solar H2 generation activity in direct sunlight. Enhanced solar H2 production is attributed to the light absorption from entire UV+Visible region of solar spectrum combined with Schottky (Ag‐semiconductor) and heterojunctions (TiO2‐Fe2O3), as evidenced from HRTEM and various characterization studies. TiFeAg‐2 thin film (1 wt % Ag‐loaded TiFe‐4) displayed the highest activity with a solar H2 yield of 7.64 mmol h−1g−1, which is 48 times higher than that of bare TiO₂ and 5 times higher in thin film form compared to its powder counterpart. Schottky and heterojunctions formed at the interface efficiently separate the charge carriers and increase the hydrogen production activity. The highest H2 production activity of TiFeAg‐2 is partly attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of Fe3+ and metallic Ag‐species with relatively high Ag/Ti surface atomic ratio. A plausible photocatalytic reaction mechanism on TiFeAg nanocomposite may involve the direct electron transfer from both Fe2O3 and TiO2 to Ag nanoparticles which are subsequently utilized for the reduction of H+ to H2.
Alternative Multivalent Metal Elements for Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Huang Yan , Yu Guang , Cheng Yujia , Wang Ni , Hu Wencheng
Published: January 2025

The growing importance of sustainable and clean energy sources is a direct consequence of the increasing scarcity of non‐renewable resources and the necessity for energy storage solutions that are safe, efficient, and adaptable. Aqueous hybrid supercapacitors (AHSCs) have garnered attention due to their advantageous characteristics, including low cost, safety, reliability, and high cyclic stability. Here, this review provides a brief overview of the energy storage mechanisms of double electric layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), which combine the features of both of these types of capacitors. The progress made in recent years in research on AHSCs using multivalent metal cations, including manganese, zinc, and chromium, is highlighted. Additionally, some examples of AHSCs assembled with the participation of metal ions are summarized based on the metal activity series. Furthermore, the potential use of other multivalent metals, including iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper, in AHSCs electrodes was explored, as well as the current status of aqueous ammonium‐ionized HSCs, with a focus on their respective advantages and challenges. Finally, this review proposes future research directions to further advance this field.
Global Dynamic Impression for Differentiating Between Epileptic and Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Avraham Linor , Spierer Ronen , Winer Raz , Bosak Noam , Wasserman Danielle , Herskovitz Moshe
Published: January 2025

Objective

Medical personnel show difficulty in differentiating psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from epileptic seizures (ES). The purpose of this study was to conduct an initial feasibility assessment of the global dynamic impression (GDI) principle and to evaluate its effectiveness in enabling the diagnosis of epileptic versus psychogenic seizures using video footage of events, even by untrained personnel

Methods

We based this study on video footage showing five videos of PNES and five ES videos. We asked physicians and nurses from the emergency department, internal medicine department, neurology department, and medical students to classify the videos before and after learning the GDI principle. The GDI principle is a simple clinical tool assuming repetitive movements with minimal dynamics in vector and frequency in motor PNES. A correct answer earned a score of 10 points, and a wrong answer a score of 0. Therefore, the questionnaire score could range from 0 to 100.

Results

A total of 108 medical personnel participated in the study. A total of 42 participants filled out the questionnaire before training—Group 1, and 36 participants filled out the questionnaire after training—Group 2; 30 participants filled out the questionnaire before and after the training—Group 3. The mean score of Group 1 was 55.23 ± 17.83 versus 75.55 ± 13.61 in Group 2 (p = 0.0000001). The mean score of Group 3 was 53 ± 17.8 compared to 78 ± 12.9, before and after training, respectively (p = 0.000001).

Significance

A brief training on the GDI principle of various medical teams, even unskilled teams, significantly improves differentiating PNES from ES.
The Cognitive Footprint of Medication Use
Authors: Pinilla Marta Suárez , Stoner Charlotte R. , Knapp Martin , Nachev Parashkev , Rossor Martin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The cognitive side‐effects of medication are common, but often overlooked in practice, and not routinely considered in interventional trials or post‐market surveillance. The cognitive footprint of a medication seeks to quantify the impact of its cognitive effects based on magnitude, duration, and interaction with other factors, evaluated across the exposed population.

Methods

Bayesian multivariable regression analysis of retrospective population‐based cross‐sectional cohorts.

Results

We replicate positive and negative cognitive effects of commonly used medications in UK Biobank, and extend observed associations to two additional cohorts, the EPIC Norfolk, and the Caerphilly Prospective Cohort. We quantify the resultant cumulative impact at the population level given known patterns of prescribing and compare it with exemplar common diseases.

Conclusion

The cognitive side‐effects of commonly used drugs may have significant impact at the population level. Consideration should be given to a routine structured assessment of cognition in interventional trials and post‐market surveillance.
The Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Damage, and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Neuropathology of Cognitive Complications in Diabetes: A Moderation and Mediation Analysis
Authors: Sumbul‐Sekerci Betul , Pasin Ozge , Balkan Ezgi , Sekerci Abdusselam
Published: January 2025

Objective

Cognitive impairment is increasingly recognized as a complication of diabetes, yet the underlying pathology remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in the neuropathology underlying diabetes related cognitive impairment.

Methods

This study assessed 183 participants (54 prediabetes, 71 Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], and 58 controls) for cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Blood samples were analyzed for interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), malondialdehyde (MDA), VCAM‐1/CD106, and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) using ELISA. Mediation and moderator analysis methods were used to examine the roles of these biomarkers in diabetes‐related cognitive impairment.

Results

After adjusting for age, education, and gender, group comparisons revealed significant cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM, particularly in visuospatial functions, naming, language, and memory performance, compared to the control group. The patients with T2DM and prediabetes exhibited similar performance in cognitive functions, except for language. Significant differences in VCAM‐1 and TNF‐α levels were observed; however, these biomarkers did not mediate the effect of T2DM and prediabetes on cognitive functions. Nevertheless, VCAM‐1 was found to moderate abstraction abilities in T2DM.

Conclusion

Prediabetes represents a transitional stage not only for the pathology of diabetes but also for cognitive complications. Although there were correlations between cognitive performance and various cognitive scores, IL‐6, MDA, NSE, VCAM‐1, and TNF‐α did not play a mediator role in the neuropathology of diabetes‐related cognitive impairment.
Increase in Occurrence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Differs by Age Group and Gender—Finnish Nationwide Register Study
Authors: Westman Elisa , Prami Tuire , Kallio Alvar , Iso‐Mustajärvi Ilona , Jukka Joel , Raittinen Paavo , Korhonen Maarit J , Puustjärvi Anita , Leppämäki Sami
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study describes epidemiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and use of ADHD medication across all age groups in Finland.

Methods

This retrospective study is based on nationwide registers in Finland. The study population included individuals with ADHD diagnosis and/or an ADHD medication record at least once during 2015–2020.

Results

The yearly prevalence of ADHD was higher in males than in females and was highest in the age groups of 6‐ to 12‐ and 13‐ to 17‐year‐old males. In 2020, the yearly prevalence was 4.2% in ≤12‐year‐old, 6.7% in 13‐ to 17‐year‐old, 0.7% in ≥18‐year‐old males, and 1.1%, 2.6%, and 0.6%, respectively, in females. The gender‐related differences were greatest among 6‐ to 12‐ and 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds, after which the differences evened out. During the study period from 2015 to 2020, the yearly prevalence more than doubled in each of the five Finnish administrative university hospital areas. The prevalence was higher in males, but the relative growth was higher in females compared to males. The incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was the highest in ≤12‐year‐old males and increased in all age groups and in both genders. The use of medication was more common in males than in females, and the overall proportion of prevalent ADHD patients on medication remained around 80%. Decrease in medication use was observed in connection with the transition from adolescence to adulthood, in both genders.

Conclusion

Both prevalence and incidence of ADHD more than doubled in Finland during the study period 2015–2020. This study presents the most comprehensive analysis of national register data at personal‐level linkage in Finland, since it included all age groups, and both diagnosed ADHD patients and individuals receiving medication, not limited to reimbursed medication.
Longitudinal Assessment of Abnormal Cortical Folding in Fetuses and Neonates With Isolated Non‐Severe Ventriculomegaly
Authors: Urru Andrea , Benkarim Oualid , Martí‐Juan Gerard , Hahner Nadine , Piella Gemma , Eixarch Elisenda , González Ballester Miguel A.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The impact of ventriculomegaly (VM) on cortical development and brain functionality has been extensively explored in existing literature. VM has been associated with higher risks of attention‐deficit and hyperactivity disorders, as well as cognitive, language, and behavior deficits. Some studies have also shown a relationship between VM and cortical overgrowth, along with reduced cortical folding, both in fetuses and neonates. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies that study this relationship from fetuses to neonates.

Method

We used a longitudinal dataset of 30 subjects (15 healthy controls and 15 subjects diagnosed with isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM)) with structural MRI acquired in and ex utero for each subject. We focused on the impact of fetal INSVM on cortical development from a longitudinal perspective, from the fetal to the neonatal stage. Particularly, we examined the relationship between ventricular enlargement and both volumetric features and a multifaceted set of cortical folding measures, including local gyrification, sulcal depth, curvature, and cortical thickness.

Findings

Our results show significant effects of isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM) compared to healthy controls, with reduced cortical thickness in specific brain regions such as the occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes.

Conclusion

These findings align with existing literature, confirming the presence of alterations in cortical growth and folding in subjects with isolated non‐severe VM (INSVM) from the fetal to neonatal stage compared to controls.
Assisted Parkinsonism Diagnosis Using Multimodal MRI—The Role of Clinical Insights
Authors: Meindl Tobias , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Mantel Tobias , Jochim Angela , Deppe Jonas , Zwirner Silke , Kirschke Jan S. , Li Yong , Haslinger Bernhard
Published: January 2025

Background

While automated methods for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes based on MRI imaging have been introduced, their implementation in clinical practice still underlies considerable challenges.

Objective

To assess whether the performance of classifiers based on imaging derived biomarkers is improved with the addition of basic clinical information and to provide a practical solution to address the insecurity of classification results due to the uncertain clinical diagnosis they are based on.

Methods

Retro‐ and prospectively collected data from multimodal MRI and standardized clinical datasets of 229 patients with PD (n = 167), PSP (n = 44), or MSA (n = 18) underwent multinomial classification in a benchmark study comparing the performance of nine machine learning methods. A predictor space of imaging variables, either with or without clinical information, was investigated. Classification results were assessed using multiclass AUCs. Individual predicted probabilities were visualized to address diagnostic uncertainty.

Results

Clinical diagnosis was accurately confirmed using machine learning models with only small differences when using imaging and clinical signs versus imaging variables only (expected multiclass AUC of 0.95 vs. 0.92). Still, multinomial classification is hampered by imbalanced class frequencies. The most discriminatory variables were responsiveness to levodopa, vertical gaze palsy, and the volumes of subcortical structures, including the red nucleus.

Conclusion

Machine‐learning‐assisted classification of MR‐imaging biomarkers gathered in routine care can assist in the diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes as part of the diagnostic workup. We provide a visual method that aids the interpretation of neuroimaging‐based classification results of the three main parkinsonian syndromes, improving clinical interpretability.
An Expert Study of Systemic Influences on Progress Towards Living Wages: A Key to Unlock the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Barford Anna , Beales Annabel , Zorila Marina
Published: January 2025

Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere is Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals the widespread payment of living wages as a minimum could substantially boost progress towards this development goal and others. Living wages, typically set higher than minimum wages, pay enough for workers to meet their needs and those of their families. Without living wages many workers earn poverty wages. Recognising renewed corporate and investor interest in living wages, this paper interrogates the logics and rationalities which shape discussions on living wages, drawing upon 31 semi‐structured interviews with living wage professionals. Discourse analysis is used to identify the logics and rationalities which shape organisation‐level progress towards living wages. Some logics, surrounding human rights, stakeholder capitalism, sustainable development, redistribution and social justice, encourage the implementation of living wages. Other logics, including shareholder capitalism, profit and mass consumerism, create a chilling effect on the living wages movement. At present, wages are the main mechanism for distributing money, so wage levels impact people's access to services and resources. The living wages agenda is progressing rapidly, comprising a 2024 International Labour Organization meeting of experts, corporate and investor commitments, worker demands, and the growing prevalence of geographically specific living wages calculations. It is therefore crucial that the logics and narratives underpinning decisions on pay are interrogated as these play a pivotal role in progress towards human rights, social justice and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Histopathologic Progression and Metastatic Relapse Outcomes in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Moussa Mohammad Jad , Tabet Georges C. , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , Xiao Lianchun , Wilson Nathaniel R. , Gao Jianjun , Logothetis Christopher J. , Grivas Petros , Lee Byron , Shah Amishi Y. , Msaouel Pavlos , Li Roger , Clemente Leticia Campos , Zhao Jianping , Tannir Nizar M. , Kamat Ashish M. , Hansel Donna E. , Guo Charles C. , Campbell Matthew T. , Alhalabi Omar
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCNEC‐URO) has an inferior prognosis compared to conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we evaluate the predictors and patterns of relapse after surgery.

Materials and Methods

We identified a definitive‐surgery cohort (n = 224) from an institutional database of patients with cT1‐T4NxM0 SCNEC‐URO treated in 1985–2021. Histopathologic review was conducted by independent pathologists. Relapse event was the time‐to‐event outcome, and relapse probabilities were estimated using a competing risk method with cumulative incidence functions (CIFs). Fine‐Gray distribution models assessed covariate associations.

Results

Most patients (161, 71.9%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCTX). Ninety two (41%) patients had relapse with 77 (83.7%) having distant organs as first metastatic sites, including 10 (10.9%) with exclusive central nervous system (CNS) metastases, mostly (9/10) within 1 year of surgery. Patients with pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoCTx had the lowest 5‐year CIF (16.5% [95% CI 9.3%–25.6%]). Patients with remaining exclusively small cell (SC) histology had the highest CIF (85.7% [95% CI 46.6–96.9]). Patients with eradicated SCNEC but remaining UC components had an intermediate‐risk CIF (32.5% [95% CI 18.6–47.2]). Multivariable analysis adjusting for neoCTx, clinical stage at diagnosis (T3/4, N0/N+ vs. T1/T2, N0), and pathologic stage (pN+ vs. pN0) demonstrated that any SCNEC histology at resection (vs. pCR) was associated with relapse risk (hazard ratio = 3.69 [95% CI 1.91–7.13], p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

SCNEC‐URO is a systemic disease with high risk of distant relapse including CNS. Our findings highlight unmet needs for neoadjuvant/adjuvant approaches targeting the rare SCNEC subtype and suggest adding CNS surveillance within the first year after definitive surgery to high‐risk patients.

Précis (Condensed Abstract)

Alongside neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cancer stage, histology at resection strongly impacts relapse risk in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the urinary tract. The incidence of brain metastasis is notably higher than in “traditional” urothelial cancer within the first year after surgery, especially if small cell cancer persists, thus necessitating close neurological monitoring during this period.
Risk of Biopsy and Surgical Treatment of Subglottic Paragangliomas: A Case Report
Authors: Zhao Xi‐Ming , Tang Liang , Liu Jun , Luo Yong‐Hai , Xiong Shi‐Ling , Cui Jiao
Published: January 2025

This report describes a rare case of a paraganglioma occurring beneath the vocal folds. During the preoperative biopsy, we encountered significant hemorrhage, forcing us to stop the procedure and preventing us from obtaining a definitive diagnosis. Despite these challenges, the eventual surgery had a good outcome.
Interpenetration Control in Metal–Organic Polyrotaxanes via Solvent Composition and Ligand Steric‐Modulation: Supramolecular Isomerism and Luminescence Detection toward Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Chen Wei‐Ting , Tsai Meng‐Jung , Chuang Po‐Min , Wu Jing‐Yun
Published: January 2025

Three fluorescent Zn coordaintion polymers (CPs) have been synthesized from the reactions of Zn(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O, benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (1,4‐H2bdc), and angular carbazole‐derived bispyridyl ligands (Cz‐3,6‐bpy or Cz−Pr‐3,6‐bpy). CPs 1–3 all adopt similar two‐dimensional (2D) ring‐and‐rod layer structures, described as topologically 4‐connected 2 ⋅ 65 nets where the Zn(II) centers act as 4‐connected nodes. CPs 1 and 2 are a pair of solvent‐mediated supramolecular isomers where the former shows a two‐fold interlocked 2D →2D polyrotaxane‐like entangled net and the latter reveals a four‐fold interpenetrated 2D →3D polyrotaxane entanglement. CP 3 is structure analgue of 1. The formation of 1–3 implies the realization of interpenetration control and supramolecular isomerism in polyrotaxanes by fine‐tuning the solvent compositions and ligand steric‐modulation. CPs 1–3 all show high thermal stability approaching 400 °C and good chemical stability in various solvents at room temperature for 24 h. Further, CPs 1–3 all are excellent turn‐off sensors to recognize Fe3+ in water with high selectivity and sensitivity, great anti‐inference ability, and low limit of detection (LOD). The sensing mechanisms are found to be competitive absorption of excitation wavelength energy and the occurrence of framework–Fe3+ interactions.
Enhanced Stability of Pt‐Co Catalysts Supported on Zeolite Nanosponges for Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Numan Muhammad , Sun Kim Nam , Jo Changbum
Published: January 2025

Pt and Co supported on Al2O3, Na+‐free SiO2, mesoporous zeolite (MZ‐Na+), and Na+‐free MZ (MZ‐OH) were prepared and investigated for propane dehydrogenation efficacy. These catalysts were characterized using XRD, STEM, CO‐FTIR, H2‐TPR, and XPS. Of these catalysts, Pt−Co supported on MZ‐Na+ and Al2O3 showed low activity and poor stability for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). On the other hand, Pt−Co supported on Na+‐free SiO2 or MZ‐OH exhibited much greater activity and stability. This high catalytic performance was attributed to the formation of a high degree of alloying between Pt and Co, possibly facilitated by silanol groups. After optimizing cobalt content and catalyst reduction temperature, it was found that 1 wt% Pt‐0.8 wt% Co supported on MZ‐OH exhibited the best activity with a propane conversion of 64.4 % and propylene selectivity of 76.5 % that remained stable over 24 h on‐stream. The correlation between catalyst characterization and PDH results showed that the existence of metallic cobalt on the catalyst surface facilitated coke deposition in the form of CoCx and poor catalyst stability.
Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment Between 2 Oral Tablet Formulations of Rivaroxaban 20 mg in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Tang Kaixian , Chen Yingrong , Mei Jue , Bo Hui , Liu Qing , Wang Wei , Xu Min , Jin Qiuyue , Yang Shuixin
Published: January 2025

To evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of oral rivaroxaban tablets between a test formulation and a reference formulation in healthy Chinese subjects, a randomized, open, 2‐formulation, 4‐cycle, complete repeat crossover study was conducted under both fasting and fed states. Thirty‐six healthy participants were enrolled separately for the fasting and fed groups, and each subject received a single oral dose of 20 mg of the test or reference formulation of rivaroxaban tablets per cycle. Blood samples were collected at specified intervals, and rivaroxaban was analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Under fasting and fed conditions, the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the geometric mean ratios of the maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the last measurable time point (AUC0−t), and the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity from time 0 (AUC0−∞) all fell within the 80%‐125% CI, and the upper limit of the 90% CIs for the test‐to‐reference ratio of the within‐subject variability was <2.5. This indicated that the test formulation of rivaroxaban is bioequivalent to the reference formulation. Compared to the fasted state, the Cmax, AUC0−t, and AUC0−∞ of rivaroxaban increased significantly by factors of 2, 1.6, and 1.5, respectively, following oral administration of 20 mg of rivaroxaban in the fed state. This suggests that a high‐fat diet significantly enhances the exposure to rivaroxaban. No serious adverse events were reported under fasting or fed conditions.
Examining the Psychometric Network Structure of Social Anxiety: A Scoping Review
Authors: Noda Shota , Nishiuchi Motohiro , Andreoli Giovanbattista , Hofmann Stefan G.
Published: January 2025

The network approach offers a novel perspective for conceptualizing the psychopathology of social anxiety disorder (SAD). This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on the psychometric network structures of social anxiety symptoms and identify future research directions. A total of 61 studies were identified through searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and the Open Science Framework databases, employing the keywords (‘social anxiety disorder’ OR ‘social phobia’ OR ‘social anxiety’) AND (‘network analysis’). Of these, 10 studies examined the network structures of social anxiety symptoms in patients with SAD, 17 investigated such structures in individuals without an SAD diagnosis and 34 explored networks of other symptoms that included social anxiety symptoms. Most studies were conducted on Western and Chinese populations, underscoring the need for broader cross‐cultural comparisons. The central symptoms in SAD networks were fear and anxiety related to performing and interacting with groups, engaging with strangers or unfamiliar individuals, participating in events and being the center of attention. However, the network structures of SAD and related symptoms remain underexplored, with existing studies offering only partial insights. This review emphasizes the need for future research to comprehensively assess social anxiety symptoms and adopt cross‐cultural comparative designs to deepen the understanding of SAD psychopathology. These findings provide a foundation for future research on SAD utilizing network analysis.
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Ecological Performance of European Companies: Does the Role of the Board Matter?
Authors: Ayadi Imen , Hussain Nazim , Mwambuli Erick
Published: January 2025

European companies face a pressing challenge: reconciling the growing demands for environmental sustainability with increased economic uncertainty stemming from the COVID‐19 crisis and geopolitical tensions. This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the ecological performance of publicly traded European companies, considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Additionally, we explore the moderating role of the board of directors (BoD) in this complex relationship. Employing a system generalized method of moments (GMM) regression analysis on a sample of 1738 firms across 22 European countries during the period 2017–2023, our study reveals a negative effect of EPU on ecological performance, with the BoD acting as a crucial moderator. Companies with independent, diverse, and experienced BoD in ESG matters exhibit greater resilience to economic uncertainty. This research contributes both theoretically and practically to understanding firms' environmental decision‐making during uncertain times, providing valuable recommendations for executives, and informing policymakers in sustainable policy formulation.
Synergistic Effects of Fluorinated Li‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Filler on Matrix Polarity and Anion Immobilization in Quasi‐Solid State Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yoon Yeowon , Woo Han Seung , Whan Shin Moo
Published: January 2025

Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) based electrolyte is a promising alternative to liquid electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. However, its commercial application is limited by high crystallinity and low Li+ ion conductivity. In this study, we synthesized a fluorinated Li‐based metal‐organic framework (Li‐MOF−F) and used it as a filler to address these limitations. The strategy for the Li‐MOF−F filler stands out in two main aspects: framework structure for rapid Li+ ion transport and F‐functional group with electronegativity. The LiO4 with π‐π conjugated dicarboxylate enables the reversible Li intercalation in the lattice structure. The fluorine atoms with electronegativity transform the polymer matrix from non‐polar to polar phase and immobilize TFSI− anions by electrostatic interaction. As a result, the PVDF‐HFP electrolyte with Li‐MOF−F (LMF‐PE) achieves the highest polarity and Li transference number. In Li/Li symmetric cell tests, LMF‐PE demonstrates stable Li plating/stripping behavior without dendrites. Additionally, we applied lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NCM) with 94 % Ni content as a cathode material in cell test. LMF‐PE cell delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 226.9 mAh g−1 and 80 % capacity retention after 150 cycles, highlighting its superior cycling performance. These enhancements are attributed to the structural and electrostatic benefits of Li‐MOF−F.
Efficient Soft‐Switching Snubber Cell Design for PWM DC‐DC Boost Converters: Enhanced Load‐Independent Performance
Authors: Sahin Yakup , Ting Naim Suleyman
Published: January 2025

Soft‐switching (SS) boost converters are extensively utilized in applications such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and high‐efficiency power supplies, as they offer reduced switching losses and enhanced overall efficiency. Zero‐voltage transition (ZVT) snubber cells that used SS operation perform poorly in zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐off at light load, although they perform well at heavy load. This study proposes a novel SS snubber cell for the PWM‐DC boost converter, ensuring excellent ZVS turn‐off performance under all load conditions. The main switch is turned off with ZVS at heavy and light load, so the turn‐off performance is independent of the load conditions. In addition, the main switch is switched on with ZVT, and the main diode is switched with SS. The main and auxiliary semiconductor components do not expose additional voltage. In addition, the semiconductor switches are switched on with zero‐current switching (ZCS) and switched off with ZVS, whereas the auxiliary diode is switched with SS. The theoretical analysis of the converter is presented, and an experimental study is conducted to demonstrate the analysis. The proposed converter is operated with an output power of 500 W and a switching frequency of 100 kHz.
Plant species, inundation, and sediment grain size control the development of sediment stability in tidal marshes
Authors: Stoorvogel Marte M. , de Smit Jaco C. , Wiesebron Lauren E. , van Belzen Jim , van de Koppel Johan , Temmerman Stijn , Bouma Tjeerd J.
Published: January 2025

Tidal marshes can contribute to nature‐based shoreline protection by reducing the wave load onto the shore and reducing the erosion of the sediment bed. To implement such nature‐based shoreline erosion protection requires the ability to quickly restore or create highly stable and erosion‐resistant tidal marshes at places where they currently do not yet occur. Therefore, we aim to identify the drivers controlling the rate by which sediment stability builds up in young pioneer marshes. Sediment stability proxies were measured over age gradients spanning 18 years in six tidal marsh sites in the Western Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands): Three were dominated by Spartina anglica, a densely growing pioneer species, and three by Scirpus maritimus, a less densely growing pioneer species. Our results showed that the presence of densely growing Spartina anglica increased sediment shear strength compared to the unvegetated tidal flat, while less densely growing Scirpus maritimus did not. This difference may be related to the contrasting clonal expansion strategies and related root densities of these two pioneer species. Sediment stability did not increase further beyond 6 years of coverage by Spartina anglica, implying that the observed effect of Spartina anglica on sediment stability occurs fast (<6 years). Furthermore, sediment stability often increased with decreasing inundation duration and sediment water content. This study shows that in order to create erosion‐resistant sediment beds in future marsh restoration projects, the aim should be to create densely vegetated tidal marshes with well‐draining, cohesive sediments at relatively high intertidal elevation. Although the development of erosion resistance takes time, our study demonstrates that in the case of densely growing Spartina anglica marshes, increased sediment bed stability can already be reached after 6 years. The ability of Spartina anglica marshes to increase sediment bed stability within 6 years, in combination with wave attenuation and sediment accretion, offers promising perspectives to implement marsh restoration projects as a nature‐based shoreline protection strategy that can start to deliver its protective service within a reasonable amount of time.
Unfriendly neighbors: When facilitation does not contribute to restoration success in tidal marsh
Authors: Tanner Karen E. , Parker Ingrid M. , Fountain Monique C. , Thomsen Alexandra S. , Wasson Kerstin
Published: January 2025

Large‐scale restoration projects are an exciting and often untapped opportunity to use an experimental approach to inform ecosystem management and test ecological theory. In our $10M tidal marsh restoration project, we installed over 17,000 high marsh plants to increase cover and diversity, using these plantings in a large‐scale experiment to test the benefits of clustering and soil amendments across a stress gradient. Clustered plantings have the potential to outperform widely spaced ones if plants alter conditions in ways that decrease stress for close neighbors. Here, we test whether intraspecific facilitation improves restoration outcomes using a suite of seven high marsh species native to central California salt marshes. We also applied a biochar treatment to test whether soil amendment boosts restoration success. We compared the performance of clustered and uniform plantings across the high marsh elevation gradient for 3 years. There was a strong effect of elevation on plant performance and clear signs of plant stress related to soil conditions. Clustering slightly improved the survival of one species out of seven, although clustering did not benefit that species in a follow‐up experiment under more stressful conditions. By contrast, clustering had strong negative effects on the growth and/or cover of all species tested. The stressors in this system—likely related to compaction and soil salinity—were not mitigated by neighbors or biochar. The prevailing negative effect on seven species from distinct evolutionary lineages lends strong generality to our findings. We therefore conclude that for this and similar high marsh systems, intraspecific facilitation confers no benefits and practitioners should space plants widely to minimize competition. To take full advantage of the learning opportunities provided by large‐scale restoration projects, we recommend including experimental treatments and monitoring the response of multiple species across years to refine best practices and inform adaptive management.
Measurement Invariance on the Nine‐Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) by Age and Reporter Status: Comparing ARFID Symptoms Among Self‐Reporting Adults and Adolescents and Parent Reports of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R. , Hog Liv , Zickar Michael J. , Baker Jessica H. , Dinkler Lisa , Guintivano Jerry , Johnson Jessica S. , MacDermod Casey , Munn‐Chernoff Melissa , Micali Nadia , Ortiz Shelby , Pisetsky Emily M. , White Jennifer P. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Thornton Laura M.
Published: January 2025

Objective

Self‐report measures of ARFID symptoms (e.g., Nine‐Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen [NIAS]) are used to assess symptom differences between groups. Measurement invariance techniques clarify if groups interpret a measure similarly, providing a foundation for examining group differences. Considering age and reporter status (e.g., parent vs. self‐report), we investigated measurement invariance of the NIAS in (1) self‐reporting adults vs. adolescents; (2) parent reports on children vs. adolescents; and (3) parent reports on adolescents vs. adolescent self‐report. If measurement invariance was supported, we examined symptom differences.

Methods

Data were from the ARFID Genes and Environment (ARFID‐GEN) project.

Results

Self‐reporting adults vs. adolescents and parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self‐report interpreted the NIAS similarly (measurement invariance was supported). Measurement invariance was not supported in parent reports on children vs. adolescents. Self‐reporting adults reported higher appetite scores (i.e., lower appetite) than self‐reporting adolescents at the subscale and item level on the NIAS. Although no subscales differences were identified between parent reports on adolescents and adolescent self‐reports, parents reported more picky eating and lower appetite in adolescents than self‐reporting adolescents at the item level on the NIAS.

Discussion

Findings support using the NIAS to measure symptom differences in self‐reporting adults vs. adolescents and in parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self‐reports. Findings may be leveraged by researchers interested in maturational effects of ARFID symptoms in adolescents and adults via self‐reports on the NIAS and clinicians interested in tracking the convergence of parent and adolescent NIAS reports while undergoing treatment for ARFID.
Targeting Terrestrial Vertebrates With eDNA: Trends, Perspectives, and Considerations for Sampling
Authors: Newton Joshua P. , Allentoft Morten E. , Bateman Philip W. , van der Heyde Mieke , Nevill Paul
Published: January 2025

Terrestrial vertebrates are experiencing worldwide population declines and species extinctions. To effectively conserve remaining populations and species, rapid, cost‐effective, and scalable methods are needed to complement longstanding monitoring methods. Increasingly, environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approaches are being used for terrestrial vertebrate biomonitoring within a range of environments. However, as we move eDNA biomonitoring onto land, we are presented with a new set of challenges. This necessitates the development of “best‐practice” eDNA sample collection guidelines for terrestrial systems with the purpose of detecting terrestrial vertebrates. To address these needs, we conducted a systematic literature review of 143 peer‐reviewed papers applying eDNA to terrestrial vertebrate monitoring (excluding Lissamphibia) that were published between 2012 and 2023. We summarize the use of eDNA for terrestrial vertebrate biomonitoring, focusing on study design and field techniques. Over the decade we observe a steady growth in the annual number of publications, with 3 in 2012 and 33 in 2023. The majority of the reviewed studies targeted terrestrial mammals within temperate forest regions. While an equal number of studies focused on a metabarcoding approach to assess community taxon composition and/or species‐specific eDNA detection methods, novel uses are increasingly published. These include studies of animal behavior and population genetics. We record three types of sampling strategies, eight different substrate types, and seven different preservation methods, suggesting that there is no “one size fits all” eDNA‐based sampling methodology when detecting terrestrial vertebrates. With a multitude of study aims, across different environments, and target organisms with different ecologies, the standardization of eDNA sampling approaches in terrestrial systems is extremely challenging. We summarize in a table known factors influencing eDNA detection within terrestrial environments. Furthermore, we identify five key considerations to be addressed when sampling for eDNA studies targeting terrestrial vertebrate species, with the aim of guiding decision making.
Polyporus umbellatus, A Precious Rare Fungus With Good Pharmaceutical and Food Value
Authors: Ren Sizhu , Liu Hua , Sang Qing , Sun Yifan , Li Liyan , Chen Wenjie
Published: January 2025

Polyporus umbellatus is a rare porous fungus that exhibits notable pharmacological activities. Particularly, due to its diuretic properties, it is considered an important source of targeted drugs for the treatment of kidney disease. Extensive research has been conducted on this fungus, focusing not only on its challenging cultivation techniques but also on its diverse array of medicinal ingredients, including polysaccharides and steroids. These active compounds demonstrate considerable variability and exhibit a wide range of medicinal properties. As a result, extracting, separating, and purifying these active compounds has become a subject of interest. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types, structures, and physicochemical properties of these active compounds. Additionally, the medicinal effects of P. umbellatus are thoroughly examined, offering valuable insights into the utilization of its resources and the rational development of medical fungi.
From waste to resource: A life cycle assessment of biochar from agricultural residue
Authors: Patel Kulvendra , Vashist Mallika , Goyal Deepali , Sarma Riki , Garg Rachna , Singh S. K.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, biochar has emerged as a versatile product. Producing biochar from agricultural residue is an environmentally friendly alternative to in‐situ burning, reducing the requirement for chemical fertilizers. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of biochar production. Four feedstocks are compared – rice straw, palm shell, corn stover, and mixed crop residue. The cradle‐to‐gate system boundary comprises all stages of biochar production – feedstock acquisition, transport and pre‐treatment, and biochar production. Results show that the main hotspots are emissions and electricity consumption during production. The palm shell had the highest impact on human health (4.889 kg PM2.5 eq) and ecosystem quality due to high terrestrial and aquatic acidification potential (159.600 kg SO2 eq). Mixed crop residue had the greatest global warming potential (281.884 kg CO2 eq) and resource consumption. Corn stover and rice straw had moderate impacts, with corn stover contributing significantly to ecotoxicity (2.2E+04 kg TEG water) and rice straw impacting respiratory inorganics (3.545 kg PM2.5 eq), and causes severe depletion of resources, consuming 4339.672 MJ of non‐renewable energy. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting low‐impact feedstocks for biochar production. While corn stover has high impacts in midpoint categories like carcinogens, non‐carcinogens, ionizing radiation, aquatic and terrestrial toxicity, and eutrophication, it has the lowest GWP. Rice straw has the lowest impact on human health and resources. Finally, uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo Simulation shows that the coefficient of variation for impact categories is within ±10%, indicating that the results are reliable.
Environmental Impact of Waste Peel Biodiesel–Butylated Hydroxytoluene Nanoparticle Blends on Diesel Engine Emissions
Authors: Jayabal Ravikumar , Sivanraju Rajkumar
Published: January 2025

Alternative fuels for diesel engines are essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve energy security by reducing dependence on petroleum, and minimise air pollution by using cleaner‐burning fuels. This study investigates the environmental effects of utilising biodiesel derived from waste mosambi peel oil as a sustainable fuel alternative for common rail direct injection diesel engines. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles were employed as an ignition enhancer to mitigate the emissions. The test fuels comprised conventional diesel, mosambi waste peel biodiesel (MWPB), and MWPB blends with BHT [MWPB + 10‐µm BHT 10 ppm (parts per million) and MWPB + 20‐µm BHT 10 ppm]. The test results indicated that the MWPB + 10‐µm BHT 10 ppm blend significantly reduced primary pollutants, with smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by 42.3%, 38.09% and 61.71%, respectively, compared to pure diesel. Utilising MWPB resulted in a substantial 14.67% increase in nitrogen oxide emissions at maximum brake power. This study emphasises the potential of waste‐derived biodiesel to substantially minimise environmental emissions, encouraging a more sustainable energy future.
Simplified Heat Transfer Model for Spiral‐Coil Energy Pile Groups and the Pile–Pile Thermal Interference
Authors: Dai Wang , Gang Shi , Song Wang , Hanshen Cai
Published: January 2025

The spiral heat exchanger of the energy pile groups is divided into multiple segments. Each heat exchanger segment is regarded as a three‐dimensional spiral heat source of finite length. Based on the segmental superposition method of time and space, a variable heat flow segmental superposition heat transfer model of spiral buried‐pipe energy pile groups considering the heat transfer between circulating water and energy pile is derived and established. The correctness of the simplified heat transfer model in this paper is verified by comparing its results with those of a COMSOL finite element model. Additionally, a simplified heat transfer model is used to study the thermal interference of energy pile groups. The results show that with the increase in working time, the thermal interference between energy pile groups increases gradually. The pile spacing s and pile diameter d have a significant effect on the thermal interference between energy pile groups: the smaller the pile spacing and pile diameter, the stronger is the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The pile length has a negligible effect on the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The larger the number of energy pile groups, the stronger is the thermal interference between energy pile groups. The thermal interference of an energy pile is related to its position in the pile groups. The thermal interference of the central pile is the largest. This is followed by the edge pile and then the corner pile. Considering the thermal shielding effect of energy piles, only the influence of adjacent piles should be considered when analyzing the thermal interference of energy piles. In addition, the pitch of the spiral heat exchanger and the flow rate of the circulating water have negligible effects on the thermal interference between energy piles. The operation mode of energy pile groups has a significant effect on the thermal interference between energy piles. The thermal interference of energy pile groups in the intermittent operation mode is stronger than that in the continuous operation mode. The shorter the intermittent time, the more intense is the thermal interference of energy piles. These factors should be considered in engineering design.