bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care: consultation patterns, management practices and costs
Authors: Menz Hylton B. , Williams Cylie M. , Lazzarini Peter A. , Gordon Julie , Harrison Christopher
Published: February 2022

Background: Foot ankle, and leg problems are highly prevalent in the general population. The objective of this study was to explore consultation patterns, management practices and costs of foot, ankle, and leg problems in Australian primary care.
Methods: We analysed encounter data from the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health program, April 2000 to March 2016 inclusive. Foot, ankle, and leg problems were identified using the International Classiﬁcation of Primary Care, Version 2 PLUS clinical terminology. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and 95% conﬁdence intervals around point estimates, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine general practitioner (GP) and patient characteristics independently associated with a foot, ankle or leg problem being managed at an encounter. Cost to government was estimated by extracting fees for GP consultations, diagnostic imaging, and pathology services from the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. Costs for prescription-only medicines were extracted from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule, and for non-prescribed medications, large banner discount pharmacy prices were used.
Results: GPs recorded 1,568,100 patient encounters, at which 50,877 foot, ankle or leg problems were managed at a rate of 3.24 (95% CIs 3.21 to 3.28) per 100 encounters. The management rate per head of population increased by 34% between 2000 and 2016. Management of a foot, ankle or leg problem was independently associated with patient characteristics (increased age, having a health care card, and being English-speaking) and GP characteristics (male sex, younger age, and Australian graduate). The most frequently used management practice was the use of medications, followed by procedures/physical medicine and imaging. The average cost (Australian dollars) per encounter was A$52, with the total annual cost estimated at A$256m. Of this total cost, MBS items comprised $139m, followed by imaging (A$69m), medications (A$29m) and pathology (A$18m).
Conclusions: Foot, ankle and leg problems are frequently managed by GPs, and the costs associated with their management represent a substantial economic impact in Australian primary care.
Agarose Gel Microcapsules Enable Easy-to-prepare, Picolitre-scale Single-cell Genomics, Yielding Near-complete Genome Sequences
Authors: Aoki Hiroyoshi , Masahiro Yuki , Shimizu Michiru , Hongoh Yuichi , Ohkuma Moriya , Yamagata Yutaka
Published: February 2022

A novel type of agarose gel microcapsule (AGM), consisting of an alginate picolitre sol core and an agarose gel shell, was developed to obtain high-quality single-cell amplified genomic DNA of bacteria. The AGM is easy to prepare in a stable emulsion with oil of water-equivalent density which prevents AGM aggregation, with only standard laboratory equipment. Single cells from a pure culture of Escherichia coli, a mock community comprising 15 strains of human gut bacteria, and a termite gut bacterial community were encapsulated within AGMs, and their genomic DNA samples were prepared with massively parallel amplifications in a tube. The genome sequencing did not need second-round amplification, and showed an average genome completeness that was much higher than that obtained using a conventional amplification method in microlitre scale, regardless of the genomic guanine-cytosine contents. Our novel method using the AGM allows many researchers to perform single-cell genomics easily and effectively, and can accelerate the genome analysis of yet-uncultured microorganisms.
The Effects of Ionotropic GABA Receptor Blockage on Brain in Sepsis-induced Rats
Authors: Ates Gulten , Ozkok Elif , Gundogan Gul Ipek , Tamer Sule
Published: February 2022

Encephalopathy develops following sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ failure due to the irregular response of a host to infection. It has high mortality and morbidity rates. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inflammation on brain tissue, and the effects of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline in rats with sepsis. Sepsis was experimentally generated in rats using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The rats were divided into four groups as control, LPS (10 mg/kg i.p.), bicuculline (1.5 mg/kg bicuculline methiodide s.c.), and LPS+bicuculline. Electrophysiologic recordings and body temperature measurements were completed at the 24th hour after injection, and blood samples were taken from the heart for measurements of biochemical parameters. TNF-α, IL-10, and GABA levels were measured using ELISA, and MDA levels were measured using the Bouge method from tissue. Tissue imaging was performed with S100-ß, NEUN, and synaptophysin antibody using immunofluorescence staining. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used in statistical analysis. Inflammatory parameters significantly increased in brain tissue in the LPS group compared with the other groups. The immunofluorescence staining results in brain tissue were as follows: S-100ß involvement increased, and NeuN and synaptophysin involvement decreased in the LPS group. In electrophysiologic recordings, activity consistent with acute non-focal seizures was observed in the LPS group; however, resting status in others. We suggest that the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide may be a prophylactic agent in sepsis, which caused the impaired neurotransmitter balance, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and lipid peroxidation, and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Bifidobacterium Catenulatum Reveal the Genetic Divergence of its Two Subspecies from Infant and Adult Gut
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Li Weicheng , Yao Caiqing , Yu Jie , Zhang Heping
Published: February 2022

Background

The two subspecies of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense and B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum, are usually from the infant and adult gut, respectively. However, the genomic analysis of their functional difference and genetic divergence has been rare. Here, 16 B. catenulatum strains, including 2 newly sequenced strains, were analysed through comparative genomics. A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies were significantly divergent.
Results

A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies of B. catenulatum were significantly separated. The comparison of genomic characteristics revealed that the two subspecies had significantly different genomic sizes (p<0.05) but similar GC contents. The functional comparison revealed the most significant difference in carbohydrate utilisation. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) present two clustering patterns in B. catenulatum. The B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense specially including the glycoside hydrolases 95 (GH95) and carbohydrate-binding modules 51 (CBM51) families involved in the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) common in infants, also, the corresponding fucosylated HMO gene clusters were detected. Meanwhile, B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum rich in GH3 may metabolise more plant-derived glycan in the adult intestine.
Conclusions

These findings provide genomic evidence of carbohydrate utilisation bias, which may be a key cause of the genetic divergence of two B. catenulatum subspecies.
THE EFFECT OF SANGUIRITRINUM ON THE PATHOGENICITY FACTORS OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Derevianko Tatiana V. , Ananieva Maiia M. , Faustova Mariia О.
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the problem. The frequency of growth of staphylococcal infections in human pathology and the decrease in the effectiveness of their treatment, due to the formation of multidrug resistance, has aroused interest in the study of the anti-staphylococcal activity of Sanguiritrinum and its effect on biological properties, including certain pathogenic factors.
The aim of the research was to study the effect of Sanguiritrinum on the pathogenicity factors of the archival strain and clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 from the Museum of Living Cultures of Microorganisms of the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Poltava State Medical University, and clinical isolate of S. aureus isolated from patients of the surgical department and identified by standard methods. The resistance of this isolate to methicillin was determined using the disk-diffusion method, after which it was concluded that the strain of Staphylococcus aureus belongs to MRSA.
In order to assess the antimicrobial activity of the phytopreparation Sanguiritrinum against the studied clinical and archival strains, we used the quantitative method of double serial dilutions in a liquid medium and qualitative disk-diffusion method (Kirby­–Bauer) according to standard methods, in compliance with the Order of the Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine No.167 as of 05.04.2007 on the statement of methodical instructions "Determination of sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs". Studies of the effect of Sanguiritrinum on the pathogenicity of S. aureus were performed by assessing the plasma-coagulating, lecithovitelase and hemolytic activity of microorganisms in the presence of plant extract according to conventional methods.
Conclusions. The obtained data substantiate the prospects of using Sanguiritrinum in the prevention and treatment of purulent and inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology, including infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus. The phytopreparation Sanguiritrinum has a strong bacteriostatic effect on the reference strain and on the MRSA clinical isolate of S. aureus. Naturally, the clinical isolate of S. aureus with methicillin resistance was characterized by lower sensitivity to the action of Sanguiritrinum, as compared to the sensitivity of the archival strain, because the bactericidal concentration of the drug was 2 times higher. Sanguiritrinum at a concentration of 0.06 μg/ml resulted in complete loss of pathogenicity factors (plasma coagulation, lecithovitelase and hemolytic activity) of the reference strain and the MRSA clinical isolate of S. aureus. At a phytopreparation concentration of 0.03 μg/ml, the microorganisms lost only plasma coagulation ability.
Carbonatitic Melts and Their Role in Diamond Formation in the Deep Earth
Authors: Timmerman Suzette , Spivak Anna V. , Jones Adrian P.
Published: February 2022

Carbonatitic high-density fluids and carbonate mineral inclusions in lithospheric and sub-lithospheric diamonds reveal comparable compositions to crustal carbonatites and, thus, support the presence of carbon-atitic melts to depths of at least the mantle transition zone (~410–660 km depth). Diamonds and high pressure–high temperature (HP–HT) experiments confirm the stability of lower mantle carbonates. Experiments also show that carbonate melts have extremely low viscosity in the upper mantle. Hence, carbonatitic melts may participate in the deep (mantle) carbon cycle and be highly effective metasomatic agents. Deep carbon in the upper mantle can be mobilized by metasomatic carbonatitic melts, which may have become increasingly volumetrically significant since the onset of carbonate subduction (~3 Ga) to the present day.
Initial development of maize in response to different periods of seed immersion in humic acid (HA)
Authors: Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Melo Raphael Oliveira , Baldotto Lilian Borges
Published: February 2022

Currently, there is a higher demand for improved seeds, associated with the treatment with fungicides, insecticides, and recently inoculants and biostimulants. Treating corn seeds with humic acid (HA) triggers physiological and metabolic processes that can increase productivity. However, the effects of seed immersion time on plant performance are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to test different periods of corn seed immersion in HA (10 mmol L-1 of C) and the effects on seedling development characteristics. The treatments consisted of soaking seeds for 00:00; 00:17; 01:00; 02:00; 04:00; 08:00; 16:00 and 24:00 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. At 30 days after sowing, two plants per replicate were collected to determine the shoot, root, and total fresh and dry masses of the plants. The plants grown from seeds soaked for 8 hours had the strongest response among the plants analyzed in this study
Intercropping of potato within sugarcane plants in a double row planting system under wet climate
Authors: Endrizal Endrizal , Bobihoe Julistia , Hendri Jon , Meilin Araz , Jumakir Jumakir , Saidi Busra B
Published: February 2022

Growing sugarcane in a double row planting system is one way to increase the productivity and sugar cane yield. Intercropping within sugarcane crops can increase the growth and productivity of sugarcane. This study aims to increase the productivity of sugarcane by adding value to potato cropping. The study used Randomized Block Design, where the treatments ae as follows: sugar cane as a planting system (A), double castor planting system (PtoP 210/50 cm) with cuttings of sugarcane stem + potato’s (B); double distance planting system (PtoP 185/50 cm) with cuttings stem sugarcane + potato’s (C); double distance planting system (PtoP 160/50 cm) with cuttings sugarcane stem + potato’s (D); double distance wedge system (PtoP 135/50 cm) with cuttings of sugarcane stem + potato. The planting system (PtoP 110/50 cm) with cuttings of sugarcane stem without planting potato was considered as control (E). All planting systems were repeated four times. The results of the study showed that the agronomic growth of sugar cane crops in some planting systems is not different, but in C and D planting systems, the number of leaves and the number of tillers were higher compared to others. Potatoes crop production in planting systems C reached 11,880 tons ha-1, which is higher than the production of planting systems A (8,640 tons ha-1.) and planting systems B (8,400 tons ha-1). After combining the determining factors of sugar cane production, the C planting systems is recommended for development of sugarcane crops because is better than other planting systems. The population of sugar cane plants in the C planting systems reached 18,000 clumps of plants per hectare
Sustainable weed management in a lettuce growing conservationist system
Authors: Hirata Andreia Cristina Silva , Monquero Patrícia Andrea , Hirata Edson Kiyoharu
Published: February 2022

Soil disturbance, irrigation, and nitrogen fertilization excesses in lettuce crops have reduced the sustainability of the sector and favoured competition against weeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization management on weed control, weed-species dynamics, and soil seed bank in successive lettuce cultivation under no-tillage. The experiment was carried out in a tropical region during summer and arranged in a (3×4) +1 factorial scheme. Treatments consisted of three soil cover managements (Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis, and fallow) and four nitrogen (N) topdressing rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1) in a lettuce crop under fertigation. A conventional tillage system under more intense soil disturbance was also evaluated at the highest N rate. The results showed that lettuce cultivation on U. ruziziensis stood out regarding weed control. Higher soil disturbance in the conventional tillage increased weed emergence (288.9 and 245.8 plants m−2) compared to the fallow area (13.9 and 38.9 plants m−2), U. ruziziensis (4.2 and 9.7 plants m−2), and C. juncea (56.9 and 20.8 plants m−2) in successive cultivations, respectively. Soil cover management changed the dynamics of weed species emergence, especially in the first cultivation. Nitrogen topdressings did not affect weed dry matter and density at the time of weeding. The average number of non-dormant weed seeds within the 0.0-0.10 m soil seed bank layer reached 7,077 seeds m−2, with no difference among treatments. Therefore, sustainable management of lettuce cultivation using cover crops in rotation, associated with no-tillage, effectively controls weed communities, with emphasis on U. ruziziensis, regardless of the nitrogen fertilization management
Transition Metal-Catalyzed, Asymmetric Reactions of Diazo Compounds
Authors: Calter Michael A.
Published: February 2022

The past ten years have seen impressive advances in asymmetric synthesis. This review summarizes the recent advances in a particular set of asymmetric reactions, the reactions of diazo compounds catalyzed by transition metal complexes. Additionally, the emphasis of this summary is on reactions wherein the induction arises from a catalyst or an auxiliary, rather than some inherent asymmetry of the substrate. The covered reactions fall into two reaction types; cyclopropanations and insertions. The cyclopropanation section of this review describes how high stereoselectivities are possible using either chiral auxiliaries or various metal complexes. Both these strategies are effective for producing optically-enriched intermediates; however, the use of catalysts to control the stereochemistry of the cyclopropanation reaction is much more common than the corresponding use of auxiliaries Workers in the asymmetric cyclopropanation field have primarily used Cu(l) and Rh(ll) complexes as catalysts for these reactions, although several complexes of other metals do afford high asymmetric induction. Both inter- and intramolecular cyclopropanations afford synthetically useful selectivities. The insertion section of this review summarizes recent advances in the use of auxiliaries and catalysts for controlling the stereoselectivity of the insertion into various bonds. Insertion into C-H bonds are by far the most intensively studied, although there has been some success with asymmetric insertions into 0-H, S-H, Si-H and C-0 bonds. Complexes of Rh(ll) are almost universally employed for asymmetric insertions. As in the case of cyclopropanations, both inter- and intramolecular insertions can proceed with useful selectivities. Again, catalyst control has proven a more versatile way to control absolute stereochemistry than auxiliary control.
Chiral, Nonracemic, 2-Lithiopiperidines and -Pyrrolidines: Remarkably Stable "Carbanions" with Considerable Synthetic Potential
Authors: Gawley Robert E.
Published: February 2022

Functionalized organolithiums are becoming more and more important as reagents in organic synthesis as methods for their preparation are expanded, and as the number of stereoselective reactions in which they participate grows. In the α-aminoorganolithium field, the so-called "unstabilized" species - those that are not chelated and not stabilized by re-sonance or a dipole-exhibit extraordinary configurational stability and undergo efficient reactions with a wide variety of electrophiles. They also undergo sigmatropic rearrangements if appropriately substituted. This chapter reviews the chemistry of these species.

This review is dedicated, with warm regards, to Professor Dieter Seebach, on the occasion of his 60th birthday, and in recognition of his many contributions to the field of organic chemistry in general and organic synthesis in particular.
Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations of Cyclic Alk-2- ynyl Carbonates
Authors: Bruneau Christian , Darcel Christophe , Dixneut Pierre H.
Published: February 2022

Cyclic alk-2-ynyl carbonates, easily prepared from propargylic alcohols and carbon dioxide without phosgene derivatives, are useful synthetic substrates. Their activation with suitable palladium catalyst precursors leads to reactive zwitterionic allenyl palladium species and offers
straightforward routes to functional a-allenols derivatives upon hydrogenolysis, coupling with terminal alkynes and monocarbonylation. The specificity of these cyclic carbonates as compared to acyclic propargylic derivatives, due to the presence of the reactive homopropargylic oxygen atom, is evidenced by the synthesis of oxygenated heterocycles resulting from double carbonylation, and dihydrofurans formed by coupling with electron deficient olefins.
Organic Chemistry at an Iridium Center: Unusual Bond-Making and Bond-Breaking Reactions
Authors: Merola Joseph S.
Published: February 2022

In examining the utilization of transition metals in synthetic organic chemistry, iridium is not a metal which comes to the fore. In fact, while its family member, rhodium, sees extensive use for organic synthesis, iridium is pretty much ignored. However, there are quite a number of unusual bond-making and bond-breaking reactions that can occur at an iridium center that suggest that iridium be given a closer look.

In this article, the organometallic chemistry of iridium will be reviewed with special attention paid to unusual transformations of organic groups that are attached to the metal. These include, C-H cleavage, C-C cleavage, as well as quite a number of other bond cleavage reactions such as 8-H, N-H, and O H. The chemistry of iridium with various heterocycles containing 0, N and S will also be discussed, especially the chemistry that has relevance to hydrodesulfurization chemistry.

Beyond bond-breaking reactions, iridium is quite adept at facilitating quite a number of unusual bond-making reactions. The ability of iridium complexes for H-C, 8-C, C-C, and N-C bond-making chemistry will be covered.
Nickel and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings that Form Carbon-Heteroatom and Carbon-Element Bonds
Authors: Baranano David , Mann Grace , Hartwig John F.
Published: February 2022

The transition-metal catalyzed addition of heteroatom nucleophiles to aryl and vinyl halides is reviewed. This chemistry typically involves a nickel- or palladium-based catalyst containing phosphine ligands. In recently developed palladium-catalyzed chemistry, aryl halides react with amines in the presence of base to form arylamines. In similar chemistry cataly­zed by both nickel and palladium, aryl and vinyl halides react with alkali metal or tin thiolates or selenides to form aryl and vinyl sulfides, while the reaction of different phosphorus compounds, such as phosphides, phosphonates, and phosphonites, with aryl halides gives compounds with new aryl-p· linkages. In addition to these typically nucleophilic heteroatoms, electrophilic heteroatoms such as boron, silicon, tin, and germanium have also been coupled to aryl electrophiles. The review closes with a brief summary of the general reaction pathways of these C-X bond-forming processes.
Bioassays Using the Phospholipid Mediator PAF in the Search for Anti-Inflammatory Natural Products
Authors: Perera P. , Bohlin L. , Vasange M.
Published: February 2022

This review summarises the recent developments concerning natural products with platelet activating factor (PAF)-related activity. Four in vitro models based on the interaction of PAF with different cell types are discussed with respect to their possibilities and limitations. These assays are
suitable for studies of bioassay directed isolation of anti-inflammatory natural products and the
identified active compounds represent a variety of biosynthetic origins.

The most common method used is thrombocyte aggregation induced by PAF and this review comprises some 50 different compounds studied in the model. The inhibition of PAF biosynthesis can be investigated at two levels and the activity of some 30 natural substances in corresponding assays is presented. Exocytosis induced by PAF (20 compounds) and PAF receptor binding (36 compounds) are summarised using neutrophil models.

An application of some of these methods is given for bioactive directed isolation of three different types of compounds originating from the fern Polypodium decumanum Willd. used against psoriasis.
Antioxidants and Free Radical Scavengers of Natural Origin
Authors: Potterat O.
Published: February 2022

Natural compounds with antioxidative properties which have been reported from plant, microbial or animal sources are reviewed. Antioxidants have been found within most natural substance classes. Flavonoids are by far the most comprehensively investigated natural products. Reactivity towards various radicals has been studied under many experimental conditions and
structure-activity relationships have been established. Tannins, coumarins and, more recently,
xanthones have also been investigated in some detail. Studies on alkaloids have concentrated so far mostly on benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. At the same time, particular interest has been provided by some plant species or genera normally consumed as food or spices. Curcuminoids isolated from various Curcuma have shown potent antioxidant properties. Phenolic diterpenes from Rosmarinus officina/is possess very promising activity. The exceptional stability of sesame oil from Sesamum indicum led to the isolation of sesamol, together with several bisfuranyl lignans. The search for new natural antioxidants is not confined to higher plants. A great variety of metabolites including in particular phenazine and carbazole derivatives have been isolated from Streptomycetes or fungal strains. Several active compounds, among others porphyrins, hydroquinones, chromenes and complex indole alkaloids have been isolated from tunicates, bivalves and marine algae.
A simple, inexpensive apparatus for performance of preparative scale solution phase multiple parallel synthesis of drug analogs. II. Biological evaluation of a retrospective library of quinolone antiinfective agents
Authors: Frank K.E. , Devasthale P. V. , Gentry E.J. , Ravikumar V. T. , Keschavarz-Shokri A. , Mitscher L. A. , Nilius A , Shen L. L. , Shawar R. , Baker W. R.
Published: February 2022

A series of pure fluoroquinolone antiinfective agents was prepared by multiple parallel synthesis using a simple new apparatus. These compounds were evaluated biologically against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms and against a BCG strain transfected with luciferase in a fluorescence-based antitubercular assay. Activity against relatively fast growing, acid-fast Mycobacterium smegmatis was determined in part by agar-dilution streak assays. Data obtained against Escherichia coli-derived DNA gyrase does not correlate well with whole cell assays against E. coli. These compounds were assayed by a convenient glass-fiber filter binding method modified for high throughput screening. In these analogs, the results with a N-1 cyclopropyl substituent were often inferior to those obtained with a N-1 2',4'-difluorophenyl substituent. None of the new compounds prepared was superior in its antimycobacterial potency to ciprofloxacin or temafloxacin.
Ratio encoding combinatorial libraries with stable isotopes and their utility in pharmaceutical research
Authors: Wagner D. S. , Markworth C. J. , Wagner C. D. , Schoenen F. J. , Rewerts C. E. , Kay B. K. , Geysen H. M.
Published: February 2022

Combinatorial libraries are an important tool for lead discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. Advances in high throughput screening coupled with combinatorial chemistry can significantly reduce the time to find lead compounds. A major difficulty in developing large combinatorial libraries is the ability to identify active compounds. This paper describes a rapid and sensitive encoding/decoding methodology that utilizes stable isotopes and mass spectrometry. The ability of mass spectrometry to precisely determine the intensity of isotopic abundances provides a unique encoding strategy employing synthetically generated ratios of stable isotopes in a compound as the code. The application of ratio encoding is demonstrated using peptoid and imidazole chemistries. Supporting data demonstrate that the incorporation of one or more stable isotopes using unique-predetermined ratios can encode chemical libraries. In addition, the presence of a unique isotopic pattern in a ligand can facilitate the pharmacokinetic analysis. Isotope incorporation into a compound and subsequently into its metabolites reliably distinguishes products from other molecules in the mass spectrum. This is illustrated by metabolic analyses of peptoid and imidazole compounds.
Sustainable Membranes and its Applications
Authors: Oliveira L.
Published: February 2022

The utilization of sustainable and high-performance technologies is a growing tendency in industrial processes. The membrane separation process is a clean technology alternative that can be used to separate, concentrate, and/or purify substances. But there is still a great interest in turning this process increasingly sustainable by the structural modification of the membranes using biopolymers and green solvents, and the functionalization with organic and inorganic materials, also improving their performance and anti-fouling characteristics. Thus, this review chapter brings the main concepts about membranes and their main structural modifications to obtain a process that meets the concepts involved in Green Technology.
Advanced Functional Membranes for Water Purification
Authors: Kavitha E.
Published: February 2022

Worldwide, the scarcity of water due to the contamination of water and water resources from human activities has become a challenge. To overcome this, we need adequate water treatment technologies. For the past few decades, research has becoming wider to innovate the advanced technologies for water purification. Several conventional methods have been adopted for water treatment. Extensive investigations have been done, and some are still in development to find an eco-friendly and feasible process for water purification. The advent of membrane separation processes has changed the scenario in the field of desalination and water treatment. The proper selection of membrane material and configuration could be an excellent approach towards water purification. This chapter deals with the various advanced functional membranes, the functionalization of membranes employed in UF, NF and membrane distillation. This chapter also deals with their applications in wastewater treatment.
Advanced Functional Membrane for CO2 Capture
Authors: Bora H.J.
Published: February 2022

The capture of carbon dioxide directly from the air has been shown a growing interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gases but remains controversial among the research community. Due to the high dilution factor of CO2 in air, simultaneously increases the energy requirement as well as the charge of the respective technology. Membrane/Thin film technology has been conceded as the most investigated as well as most appealing technology to attenuate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The membrane and membrane process technique are found to be alluring and eco-friendly to mitigate the carbon due to its cost efficiency, low expenditure of energy as well as comprehensibility in operation. Traditionally, the materials are cast into dense membranes with a standard thickness and after the formation of the membranes, their applications such as carbon capture/separation are evaluated by commutation between permeability and selectivity. In present scenario, efficient separation of CO2 from other gases has become a worldwide issue. Coal/Natural/Flue gases are evolving as the primary source of CO2, so the capture of CO2 from the mentioned sources are extensively contemplated as the next opportunity for the large-scale deployment of gas separation membranes. Although, current researches indicate the advances in material process designs that can crucially enhance the membrane capture systems as well as the separation systems, which make membrane process technique contentious with other technologies present till date for carbon capture. The aforementioned application requires novel polymeric materials which have the ability for efficient carbon capture and possesses high CO2 separation properties from different mixed gases, along with high mechanical and thermal stability for a longer time. Herein, the present report precisely highlights the recent advancement on the membrane technology based on the functional materials and their applications in the field of CO2 capture.
Essa tal língua portuguesa um aprendente de português na encruzilhada da história
Authors: Han Lili , Rego Vânia
Published: February 2022

Com base em estudos anteriores sobre o ensino da língua portuguesa em universidades chinesas, o presente artigo preten-de tratar, dum ponto de vista histórico, o período relativo às décadas de 1960 e 1970, época em que se iniciaram os primei-ros cursos de português no ensino superior na China. Neste estudo, serão descritas as circunstâncias históricas e políticas da China que levaram à criação dos primeiros cursos de português no ensino superior, assim como os diferentes acon-tecimentos históricos que influenciaram a história mundial, em geral, e a dos países de língua portuguesa, em particular. Além de sintetizar o contexto histórico que corresponde à época da criação dos primeiros cursos universitários de língua portuguesa, este trabalho permitirá, nomeadamente, identificar os primeiros professores de português nas universidades chinesas e as suas histórias de vida e, por fim, destacar a história de um dos primeiros licenciados em português na China
Ensinar a ouvir Para o desenvolvimento da compreensão do oral do aprendente de português língua não materna
Authors: Pereira João
Published: February 2022

A compreensão do oral ocupa um lugar fundamental na comunicação diária e, por essa razão, é determinante quando se aprende outra língua. Torna-se, por isso, essencial refletir sobre a forma como se tem trabalhado a compreensão do oral na aula de português língua não materna e adotar abordagens que promovam o efetivo desenvolvimento da proficiência do aprendente nesse âmbito, em linha com os resultados da investigação mais recente. O presente artigo pretende dar conta desses avanços teóricos, centrando-se na abordagem metacognitiva como forma de dar resposta aos múltiplos desafios envolvidos na compreensão de textos orais. Para exemplificar a abordagem em questão, apresentam-se atividades de com-preensão do oral criadas especificamente para o público chinês de Macau a aprender português.
Information System Development for Pharmaceutics Production Line
Authors:   Department of pathology, Habib Thameur Hospital,FMT, University of Manar, Tunisia., F. Khanchel , M.Najeh Lakhoua ,   Research Laboratory Smart Electricity & ICT, SEICT,ENICarthage, University of Carthage, Tunisia, H. Majri ,   National Engineering School of Carthage, University of Carthage, Tunisia., R. Beyaa ,   National Engineering School of Carthage, University of Carthage, Tunisia
Published: February 2022

Information has now become the strategic weapon; its duration has become very short. So the system must be reliable and fast, which effectively justifies the importance of the computer tool, we have focused our work on its competitiveness and ensure its perfection in the concept of internal and external competition. The aim of this paper is to a project of an information system development of a production line in a pharmaceutical company after its passage from manual mode to automatic mode. In fact, system analysis technique is used in order to study the project of information system of the existing of the production line is presented.
Peningkatan Kualitas Daging Lokal di Manggarai Barat NTT melalui Penerapan Good Farming Practice dan Pemotongan Halal Berbasis Kesrawan
Authors:   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya, Herawati Herawati , Setianingrum Ani ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya, Junining Esti ,   Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Brawijaya, Pratama Alamsyah Wahyu ,   Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Brawijaya, Adelia Setiawanda Galuh ,   Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Brawijaya, Rickyawan Nofan ,   Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

Peningkatan sektor pariwisata di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat berimbas kepada peningkatan permintaan konsumen terhadap daging ternak potong yang berkualitas. Potensi peternakan sapi potong yang cukup besar menjadi salah satu keunggulan yang harus disertai dengan peningkatan kualitas pemeliharaan ternak serta penyediaan daging yang ASUH (aman, sehat, utuh dan halal). Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Doktor Mengabdi tahun 2020 bertujuan untuk mendukung provinsi NTT sebagai gudang ternak dengan sapi yang dihasilkan berkualitas dan peningkatan kualitas daging lokal sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat petani peternak. Kegiatan berupa seminar dengan tema ke-1 berjudul Penerapan “Good Farming Prcatice” dan Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Peternak Rakyat dan tema ke-2 berjudul Penerapan Pemotongan Halal dan Penerapan Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Pemotongan Hewan bagi Petugas Pemotongan Hewan. Total peserta yang mengikuti adalah 45 orang dari masyarakat pelaku industri peternakan. Masyarakat pelaku industri peternakan di kabupaten Manggarai Barat Nusa Tenggara Timur secara umum belum terlalu mengetahui tentang Good Farming Practice dikarenakan masih banyak peternakan yang dijalankan secara tradisional dan hewan ternak digembalakan. Akan tetapi pengetahuan terkait kesejahteraan hewan dan pemotongan halal sudah banyak diketahui dan diterapkan. Kegiatan ini terbukti sangat membantu masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam memberikan pengetahuan untuk membnatu dalam peningkatan kuailitas hewan ternak dan daging lokal.
Improvement Of Teaching Material And Capacity Building On Laboratory Of Aquaculture, Fish Disease Division, Faculty Of Fisheries And Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya
Authors:   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya, Maftuch Maftuch , Andayani Sri , Risjani Yenny , Musa Muhammad , Maizar Suryanto Hertika Asus , Eka Supriatin Febriyani , Dailami Muhammad ,   Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

The laboratory is one of the effective learning places for students to develop scientific knowledge and skills. FPIK has 6 laboratories and 4 UPTs that can be used by students and lecturers. In practice, there are still limitations in this laboratory, including the malfunction of the equipment in the laboratory, due to damage to the equipment and the lack of mastery in operating the tools. This community service is intended to help solve problems that exist in the Aquaculture Laboratory of the Fish Disease Division of FPIK UB by increasing the capacity of human resources and laboratories in testing services. The form of service activities carried out includes organizing online workshops on fish hematology and histology testing, making learning videos for practicum analysis of fish hematology, developing collaboration networks with other laboratories, adding laboratory testing instruments and packages and cooperation in scientific publications.
Prediction On Difference In Micro, Small Medium Enterprises-Revenue After Getting Vacum Frying And Spinner Assistance
Authors:   Dept.  Fishery  Processing  Technology,  Faculty  of  Fisheries  and  Marine  Science, Brawijaya University., Awaludin Prihanto Asep , Nurdiani Rahmi ,   Dept.  Fishery  Processing  Technology,  Faculty  of  Fisheries  and  Marine  Science, Brawijaya University., Dwi  Jatmiko Yoga ,   Dept. Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, NurAzizah Mia , Muyasharoh Hidayatun , Miftachurrochmah Anis ,   BIOSEAFOOD  Research  Unit,  Faculty  of  Fisheries  and  Marine Science,  Brawijaya University
Published: February 2022

Doktor Mengabdi is a community service program at Universitas Brawijaya that is carried out to improve the welfare of the community. One of the efforts to help the community in completing its packaging is by providing assistance in the form of business equipment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in income of Small medium enterprises, Lele Sehat (IGF) which has been provided with the help of vacuum frying and spinners machines. Data retrieval was done through interviews and live observations. The data were tested for its normality and further analyzed using a paired t-test. The results showed that there was a difference in income of small-medium enterprises difference between before and after getting tool assistance. Prior income was IDR 3,007,000. It was increased to IDR. 4,097,000. This indicates that providing tools to small-medium enterprises will increase income and indirectly improve their welfare
Governance In Developing Village Tourism And Focus Of Mawar Picking In Batu City
Authors:   Jurusan Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Brawijaya, Purwanti Lilik , Susenohaji Susenohaji ,   Jurusan D III Keuangan dan Perbankan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Brawijaya, Rr. Pancawati Martiningsih Sri ,   Jurusan Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Mataram, Susilowati Susilowati ,   Jurusan D III Administrasi Bisnis, Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

Village-owned enterprises (BUM Desa) are business entities whose almost all of the capital is owned by the Village through investment, which has a strategic role to accommodate activities in the economic and public services sector. BUM Desa Sejahtera Gunungsari has been formed since 2018, when the Mayor of Batu launched the Movement to build a Tourism Village by encouraging the village to activate BUM Desa to manage tourist destinations. Gunungsari Village has the tourism potential of Picking Roses, land of lanterns and cultural arts. The problem is that the BUM Desa management is not ready to organize the organization's management, business management strategies, tourism promotion, marketing and accountability system. The method used by the Participatory Research Analysis (PRA) and Strategic Management approach with 4 stages: the environment observation, strategies formulation, strategies implementation, and evaluation or control. The solutions of these problems are emphasized on environment observation and strategy formulation. Therefore it is necessary to develop an appropriate BUM Desa management model for Tourism Villages which consists of a management system, financial management, and governance of promotion and marketing cooperation (online). The application of financial management uses the BUM Desa Accounting Application System which must be supported by improving the knowledge and skills of BUM Desa administrators through training in the use of the system.
The Influence of Warm Compress and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy in Decreasing Joint Pain to Elderly at Posyandu Lansia RW 04 Kelurahan Bangsal Kota Kediri
Authors:   Lecturer STIKES Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri, David Richard Selvia , Ayu Kartika Wulan Sari Dyah ,   Lecturer STIKES Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri
Published: February 2022

Pain management does not always have to use drugs, but there are some nursing measures that can be given to relieve pain such as relaxation therapy, for example TROP and warm compress. The study population was all elderly who experienced joint pain. The samples were 36 respondents, which were divided into two intervention groups. Sampling method used purposive sampling technique. Data collected by using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test with α = 0.05. The conclusion of this study is TROP and warm compresses can be used to reduce joint pain scale in the elderly, although statistically shows that TROP intervention is more effective in reducing pain.
Kelor Leaf Extraction As Organic Inhibitor Of Steel In Seawater Training To Increase Competence Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya High School Teachers And Students
Authors:   Lecturer STIKES Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri, David Richard Selvia , Ayu Kartika Wulan Sari Dyah ,   Lecturer STIKES Rumah Sakit Baptis Kediri
Published: February 2022

The Materials Engineering Department held the training as a public service program with participants coming from Teachers and Students of Luqman Al-Hakim Surabaya High School. This training was held at the Materials Engineering Department. The training method used was the presentation of material by the Team, followed by experiments in the Laboratory. These results indicate an increase in the competency, insight and understanding of Luqman Al-Hakim High School Teachers and Students regarding the process of Kelor leaves as an organic inhibitor
The Formulation of Hypoallergenic Massage oil using Local Essential Oil of Indonesia
Authors:   Chemical   Engineering   Department,   Engineering   Faculty,   Universitas   Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Cahyani Chandrawati , Brahmanti Herwinda ,   Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Kurnia Dewi Luthfi , Nurhadianty Vivi ,   Chemical   Engineering   Department,   Engineering   Faculty,   Universitas   Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the possibility of producing a hypoallergenic massage oil using local essential oil. The main concept behind the study was the application of massage oil formula which is in contact with skin need to be allergen free. This study used four types of local essential oil, i.e. cananga, clove, citronella and a fraction of citronella oil. Two types of carrier oils were used, i.e. extra virgin olive oil and grape seed oil. The study searches the concentration of essential oil which issafe to be used in the formula, not giving an allergy reaction. The concentration of essential oil studied were one and two percent respectively, and an allergy test will also be conducted to the carrier oil themselves. The allergy test was conducted toward 30 respondents. After a formula was proved to be safe for using in the massage oil, a further research will be done for the relaxation effect.
Pemberdayaan Warga Dusun Sumberwangi Melalui Inisiasi Batik Motif Kawung Kencana Wungu Sebagai Pakaian Dinas Karyawati Universitas Brawijaya
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Sihabudin Sihabudin , Ni  Wayan  Surya Wardhani , Setiawan Romy , Atsari  Dewi Ika , Ariyanto Danang , Cahya Rini Dian ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Batik is one of the original forms of indonesianhandicraft hat has been known to the world. In 2019, The Study Center of Batik Nusantara (BATARA) was established by LPPM Universitas Brawijaya Malang. BATARA as a service center initiation container to maintain Indonesian culture, especially batik. In 2020 through the Doctoral Program of community service, Batara managed to create a batik motif kawung Kencana Wungu that can be used as clothing material for official employee of Universitas Brawijaya. The motif kawung kencana wungu is a combination of kawung and kencana wungu motif. At the stage of the creation of the main motif of batik kawung kencana wungu, the process of stilization (tutilization) of the form becomes important because the fact of batik motif is the simplification of the form and symbolic,without abandoning the artistic and aesthetic rules. The exploration of the main motif form is obtained from the form of stilization crown head Ratu Kencana Wungu The application of batik motif kawung kencana wungu by empowering the people of Sumberwangi,UB Forest Karangploso Kabupaten Malang, in the hope that it will certainly improve the skills of batik who are still classified as new worker in batik