bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs for immune tolerance in stressed new-born mice
Authors: Liu Y. , Hoang T.K. , Park E.S. , Freeborn J. , Okeugo B. , Tran D.Q. , Rhoads J.M.
Published: February 2023

When new-born mice are subjected to acute maternal separation stress, cow-milk based formula feeding, and brief recurrent hypoxia with cold stress, they develop gut inflammation similar to the phenotype of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, characterised by an increase in gut mucosal effector T (Teffs) and reduced Foxp3+ regulatory T (Tregs) cells. The imbalance can be prevented by probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 (LR 17938). We hypothesised that LR 17938 could potentiate a tolerogenic function of Tregs. To analyse whether LR 17938 can educate Tregs to improve their tolerogenic potency during neonatal stress, we isolated T cells (Tregs and Teffs) from ‘donor’ mice fed with either LR 17938 (107 cfu) or control media. The cells were adoptively transferred (AT) by intraperitoneal injection (5 × 105 cells/mouse) to new-born (d5) recipient mice. Mice were then separated from their dams, fed formula by gavage, and exposed to hypoxia and cold stress (NeoStress) for 4 days. We analysed the percentage of Tregs in CD4+T helper cells in the intestine (INT) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of recipient mice. We found that: (1) the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN following NeoStress were significantly reduced compared to dam-fed unstressed mice; (2) AT of either naïve Tregs or LR-educated Tregs to mice with Neostress increased the percentage of Tregs in the INT and MLN compared to the percentage in NeoStress mice without Treg treatment; however, LR-educated Tregs increased the Tregs significantly more than naïve Tregs; and (3) AT of LR-educated Tregs reduced pro-inflammatory CD44+Foxp3-NonTregs and inflammatory CX3CR1+ dendritic cells in the intestinal mucosa of NeoStress mice. In conclusion, adoptive transfer of Tregs promotes the generation of and/or migration of endogenous Tregs in the intestinal mucosa of recipient mice. Importantly, probiotic-educated Tregs are more potent than naïve Tregs to enhance immune tolerance following neonatal stress.
A complete comparison for the number of palindromes in different bases
Authors: Phunphayap Phakhinkon Napp , Pongsriiam Prapanpong
Published: February 2023

Let $ b $ and $ b_1 $ be distinct positive integers larger than $ 1 $, and let $ A_{b} (n) $ and $ A_{b_1} (n) $ be the number of palindromes in bases $ b $ and $ b_1 $ that are less than or equal to $ n $, respectively. In this article, we finish the comparative study of the functions $ A_b (n) $ and $ A_{b_1} (n) $. As a result, we present the full picture of the asymptotic behavior of their difference.
Does E-Feedback Impact Minimizing ESL Writing Errors? An Experimental Study
Authors: Alam Sohaib , Usama Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Researches around the world have examined how electronic feedback (e-feedback) assists English (ESL) language learners improve their writing by minimizing errors. This current study examines the use of online written peer feedback (OWPF) and automated written corrective feedback (AWCF), analyzing morphological and syntactical errors in writing. The study used a quantitative method to analyze the data. The study participants included one hundred forty-one first-year senior students. They were divided into three groups: two experimental groups received treatment through OWPF and AWCF, and one control group received through the communicative language teaching approach. Regarding writing improvement and minimizing morphological and syntactic errors, the data show that OWPF is significantly more helpful than AWCF and CLT in maximizing writing effectiveness. The study explores and highlights the implications of the study’s results for pedagogical training and future research.
Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and multiple pulmonary and hepatic arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Aramalla Sunitha , Bhyravavajhala Srinivas , Vanaparty Bharathi , Narayanan Ramakrishna , Yerram Sreekanth
Published: February 2023

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder in which there is faulty development of the arteries. There is a high incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in these patients, the pathophysiology of which is not fully known. An increase in cardiac output, causing high-output cardiac failure, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance secondary to genetic mutations are the main reasons. We report a 25-year-old male with HHT who presented with right heart failure secondary to PH in whom both the above mechanisms were operating. The coexistence of giant pulmonary arteriovenous malformations with severe PH is a rare scenario influencing management decisions that are discussed. In addition, this patient highlights the classical visceral vascular malformations in this rare disorder.
Restrictive physiology masked by cardiac tamponade
Authors: Gawalkar Atit A , Ghosh Soumitra , Bootla Dinakar , Revaiah Pruthvi C , Singh Charanpreet , Otaal Parminder Singh
Published: February 2023

Cardiac involvement in T-cell lymphoma is not uncommon. Pericardial effusion is the most common manifestation of cardiac involvement with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) due to tumor infiltration being extremely rare. The presence of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea in a patient presenting with pericardial effusion could be related to tamponade or underlying myocardial disease. Hence, reevaluation after pericardiocentesis is warranted. We describe a 14-year-old boy with advanced T-cell lymphoma presenting with cardiac tamponade. Repeat echocardiography after pericardiocentesis revealed mediastinal mass infiltrating cardiac chambers and great vessels along with features of RCM secondary to tumor infiltration.
Patent foramen ovale in children
Authors: Saharan Sunil , Vettukattil Joseph , Bhat Aarti , Amula Venu , Bansal Manish , Chowdhury Devyani , Dyamenahalli Umesh , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Das Bibhuti , Susheel Kumar T. K. , Muralidaran Ashok , Trivedi Kalyani , Swaminathan Sethuraman , Bansal Neha , Doshi Unnati , Hoskoppal Arvind , Balaji Seshadri
Published: February 2023

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a frequent incidental finding during echocardiography in otherwise healthy children. In most healthy children with a diagnosis of isolated incidental PFO, no further follow-up or intervention is necessary. In some children, PFO is associated with certain clinical syndromes such as cryptogenic stroke, decompression sickness, migraine, and platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome. This review discusses PFO anatomy, diagnostic imaging, PFO-associated clinical situations, management options, and the role of PFO in certain congenital heart disease. This review also highlights the current deficiency of pediatric data guiding management of these uncommon but important PFO-associated conditions. Future multicenter randomized controlled studies are necessary to guide the management of these unique and challenging PFO-associated conditions.
Left ventricular thrombus in the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19
Authors: Barfuss Spencer B. , Truong Dongngan T. , James Karen E. , Inman Christi J. , Husain S. Adil , Williams Richard V. , Minich L. LuAnn , Mart Christopher R.
Published: February 2023

A 3-year-old girl presenting with fever, mucocutaneous inflammation, and acute gastrointestinal symptoms met criteria for the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C). Echocardiography showed severely decreased left ventricular (LV) function with an apical mass. After treatment with intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin, IV steroids, anakinra, milrinone, and systemic anticoagulation, her LV function rapidly improved and the mass became increasingly mobile. Given the risk of systemic embolization, the mass was excised through left ventriculotomy and pathology confirmed a thrombus.
Malignancy-Associated Sarcoid-Like Reaction in a Case of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer on F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Prakash Sneha , Damle Nishikant Avinash , Madan Karan , Ramteke Prashant
Published: February 2023

We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman with triple-negative breast cancer whose baseline F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) showed hypermetabolic left breast primary, ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, lung nodules, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of tissue from mediastinal lymph nodes confirmed a diagnosis of sarcoid-like reaction. Chemotherapy may induce or cause a flare-up of malignancy-associated sarcoid-like reaction. However, in our patient's post-chemotherapy F-18 FDG PET/CT, there was reduction in size and uptake of the mediastinal lymph nodes along with partial response shown by the other lesions. We aim to describe this rare course of malignancy-associated sarcoid-like reaction and highlight the role of F-18 FDG PET-CT in such cases.
Correlation of Serum Vitamin B12 and Iron as Etiologic Factors in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Authors: Saravanan Thalamalai , Manoharan Subha , Bharathi C. Saravana , Shakila K. R.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to estimate and correlate the levels of serum vitamin B12, iron, and their association with family history and cigarette smoking in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).

Methods:

Sample size was calculated using the earlier prevalence studies with a power of 85% and rounded to 30 considering other confounding factors. Thirty patients with RAS and 30 control subjects were included in this controlled prospective study. A proforma on demographic details and case history was filled followed by serum analysis for Iron and B12. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.

Results:

Family history is a significant predisposing factor for RAS. Vitamin B12 was found to have a significant positive correlation with RAS. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, positive family history, and nonsmoking status have been found to have the highest risk for having RAS. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between vitamin B12 and RAS (probability P =0.001).

Conclusion:

Our study had shown a positive correlation of RAS with family history and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Biomonitoring in Patients Exposed to Panoramic Dental Radiography
Authors: Anbumeena S. , Kannan A. , Krithika C.L. , Vasanthi V.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Radiography is an inseparable tool in dentistry. Radiation can induce DNA damage as well as cellular damage.

Aims and Objectives:

To estimate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity after taking Orthopantomograph (OPG). To compare the result between five different age groups.

Materials and Methods:

Buccal mucosal smears were collected from the participants and stained using the PAP method and PAS method. It was evaluated for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.

Settings and Design:

The study group consisted of 60 participants. They are divided into five different groups with 12 in every single group.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used within groups. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous data.

Results:

The mean of cytotoxicity after taking OPG was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Though there was an increase in micronuclei expression, no statistically significant difference was evidenced (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The result of our study reveals that OPG did not cause any chromosomal damage, but it is capable of inducing cytotoxicity in buccal mucosal cells in all age groups.
Foramen Magnum as Determinant of Sexual Dimorphism in Sri Ganganagar Population
Authors: Verma Pradhuman , Gupta Nidhi , Sameera Y. , Faraz Samar Ali , Sharma Prabal , Sharma Bhumika
Published: February 2023

Background:

In explosions, mass disasters, and warfare, human remains are got in fragmented states. Only strong bones that resist fracture can be used for personal identification in forensics. The foramen magnum (FM) dimension at the base of the skull is one such region that can be used for sex discrimination using radiographs.

Aim and Objectives:

To test evaluate sexual dimorphism in FM morphometric measurements and shape using digital submentovertex (SMV) radiograph among the Sri Ganganagar population.

Materials and Methods:

100 digital SMV radiographs (50 males and 50 females) were randomly selected from the daily radiographic record of the patients with an age range of 25 to 65 years who visited the OPD and require SMV radiographs for diagnosis. The selected SMV radiographs were assessed for FM dimensions (longitudinal and transverse diameters, circumference, area, and FM index). Also, one particular shape was assigned to FM based on the radiographic image according to Chethan et al. classification. All the measurements were performed by two maxillofacial radiologists independently, and the data thus obtained were subjected to discriminant analysis for the evaluation of sexual dimorphism.

Results:

Values of four parameters out of five (transverse diameter, circumference, area, and foramen index) were found statistically significantly higher in males. The most common morphology of FM was an egg shape (50%), whereas round (3%) was the least common morphology. Circumference FM was the best indicator of gender determination followed by area, transverse diameter. and foramen index. The SMV radiographs for FM showed an overall accuracy of 69.73% in sex determination.

Conclusion:

The study showed that SMV radiographic FM morphometric measurements can be used for sex determination among the Sri Ganganagar population.
Assessment and Comparison of Condylar Position Based on Joint Space Dimensions and Gelb 4/7 Grid using CBCT
Authors: Vankadara Sairam , Akula Baandhavi , Nissi Kolluri
Published: February 2023

Background:

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique joint. An optimal position of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa is a fundamental question in dentistry, and there is no quantitative standard. Thus, the most common condylar position in the glenoid fossa can be determined by the dimension of the joint space and Gelb 4/7 grid using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Aim:

To analyze the position of the condyle and joint spaces in the normal temporomandibular joint and to compare the efficacy of the Gelb 4/7 grid over dimensions of joint spaces to assess optimum condylar position using CBCT.

Materials and Methods:

CBCT images of 40 patients (right and left) without a history of TMJ disorders were selected. Anterior (Ajs), superior (Sjs), and posterior joint spaces (Pjs) on sagittal slices, medial (Mjs), and lateral (Ljs) on coronal view were measured and Gelb 4/7 grid on sagittal slices used to assess the condylar position.

Results:

Significant difference between right and left sides in Ajs, Sjs, Mjs, and Ljs values. Significant differences were noticed in Mjs, Ajs values between males and females. Centric position is the most common position of the condyle, and 4/7 position is the most common according to Gelb 4/7 grid.

Conclusion:

Gelb 4/7 position was found to be the most common anatomical position of the condyle in healthy TMJs, and centric relation position was the most common based on joint space dimensions.
Role of Clinical Laboratory Investigations in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 Infection
Authors: Murugaiyan Sathishbabu , Nandeesha H. , Kumar J. Pradeep , Balachandar S. , Hariprasad S.
Published: February 2023

Zoonotic infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes several million deaths worldwide from its pandemic origin in China to date due to lack of proper diagnosis and treatment. Clinical laboratory investigations in biochemistry and pathology can be markers for sepsis, cardiovascular and hepatorenal impairment and genetic variations in angiotensin-converting enzyme as well as in ABO blood group play a vital role in predicting severity and prognosis in patients with comorbidities. In this minireview, the article will discuss the beneficial role of clinical laboratory markers in the management of coronavirus diseases 2019 and the possible factors which contribute to variations in laboratory results that may require attention during clinical management.
Mapping and visualizing the research contribution of India on telemedicine: A scientometric study
Authors: Behera PK , Kaur P , Mishra SS , Mishra SK
Published: February 2023

Background:

The term ”Telemedicine” is being used in the medical and health sector to treat patients and to provide medical guidance remotely. The intellectual output from India in terms of publications was harvested from Scopus® with the keyword “Telemedicine” and analyzed by using bibliometric techniques.

Methods:

The source data was downloaded from the Scopus® database. All the publications on telemedicine and indexed in the database up to the year 2021 were considered for scientometric analysis. The software tools VOSviewer® version 1.6.18 to visualize bibliometric networks, statistical software R Studio® version 3.6.1 with the Bibliometrix package Biblioshiny® were used for analysis and data visualization, and EdrawMind® was used for mind mapping.

Result:

India contributed 2,391 (4.32%) publications on telemedicine to a total of 55,304 publications worldwide until 2021. There were 886 (37.05%) papers that appeared in open access mode. The analysis revealed that the first paper was published in the year 1995 from India. Steep growth in the number of publications was observed in 2020 with 458 publications. The highest, 54 research publications, appeared in the “Journal of Medical Systems.” The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, contributed the highest number of publications (n = 134). A considerable overseas collaboration was observed (USA: 11%; UK: 5.85%).

Conclusions:

This is the first such attempt to address the intellectual output of India in the emerging medical discipline of telemedicine and has yielded useful information such as leading authors, institutions, their impact, and year-wise topic trends.
Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis: A rare cutaneous reaction of heparin
Authors: Dhattarwal N , Gurjar R
Published: February 2023

Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis is a rare cutaneous reaction of heparin, a commonly used anticoagulant. Exact etiopathogenesis remains elusive but immune related mechanisms as well as dose dependent relationship have been proposed. Clinically, it is characterized by asymptomatic, tense hemorrhagic bullae on extremities or abdomen occurring 5-21 days after initiation of therapy. We report bilateral symmetrically grouped lesions, in a previously unreported distribution of this entity in both the forearms in a 50-year-old male admitted with acute coronary syndrome on oral ecosprin, oral clopidogrel and subcutaneous enoxaparin. The condition is self-resolving and discontinuation of drug is not required.
Recurrent syncope in an 84-year-old man
Authors: Jiang C , Tang W , Hou X , Li H
Published: February 2023

An 84-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes presented with recurrent transient loss of consciousness within 2 hours after dinner at home. Physical examination, electrocardiogram, and laboratory studies were unremarkable except hypotension. Blood pressures were measured in different postures and within 2 hours after meal, but neither orthostatic hypotension nor postprandial hypotension was detected. Further, history taking revealed that the patient was tube-fed with a fluid food pump with an inappropriate rapid infusion rate of 1500 mL per minute at home. He was eventually diagnosed as having syncope due to postprandial hypotension, which was caused by the inappropriate way of tube feeding. The family was educated about appropriate way of tube-feeding and the patient did not develop any episode of syncope during a two-year follow-up. This case highlights the importance of careful history taking in the diagnostic evaluation of syncope and the increased risk of syncope due to postprandial hypotension in the elderly.
Knowledge, activism and institutions for Africa’s transformation: Key strands in Takyiwaa Manuh’s feminist scholarship
Authors: Pereira Charmaine
Published: February 2023

This essay examines ways in which selected texts in Takyiwaa Manuh’s scholarship treat the themes of knowledge, power and institutions with a focus on their role in Africa’s transformation. The range of Manuh’s scholarship covered includes her earlier work on how the political power of the Convention People’s Party was used to advance Ghanaian women’s participation in public affairs and African Unity; her later work on universities as institutions of knowledge production, addressing their relations with the wider society and the project of change and social transformation; as well as her work on women’s empowerment in Ghana. The main argument of this essay is that Manuh’s feminist work foregrounds the role of knowledge and action in the pursuit of social change, with institutions providing formalised conditions of possibility for the coalescence of knowledge and action in practice. Moreover, whilst Manuh’s scholarship is grounded in the realities of Ghanaian women’s lives, her work transcends a single national context in its relevance for Gender and Women’s Studies and for African Studies. As evident in her involvement in continental and transcontinental research networks, Manuh’s scholarship invites us to reflect on the politics of place and context in knowledge production for the African continent and beyond.
Sá-Carneiro, Mário de (1890–1916)
Authors: de Marchis Giorgio
Published: February 2023

Mário de Sá-Carneiro was one of the major exponents of Portuguese modernism. Although his literary production is limited to just a few years, from 1913 to April 1916. His earlier writings, even when they maintain thematic affinities with his later texts, are alien to the peculiar Sá-Carneirian interpretation of modernism. Sá-Carneiro’s works in verse and prose are among the most significant of the period and, more generally, of Portuguese literature of the twentieth century. From this point of view, two events are fundamental for Sá-Carneiro’s modernist poetics: his meeting with Fernando Pessoa in Lisbon probably during the first months of 1912 (Sá-Carneiro gives a copy of Princípio to Fernando Pessoa with a dedication dated 29 August 1912) and his departure to Paris—the city where, from October 1912, the poet will spend three long periods and where he will end up taking his own life on 26 April 1916.
Rosso, Medardo (1858–1928)
Authors: Hecker Sharon
Published: February 2023

Medardo Rosso was a pivotal yet enigmatic figure for the origin and development of modern European sculpture. In his fewer than 50 original subjects cast in plaster, wax, and bronze, he represented emotionally charged glimpses of introverted, sick, laughing, anxious, or smiling heads and figurines, especially of women, children, and the elderly. By modulating sculpture’s surfaces, he made his diaphanously modelled images receptive to subtle changes of light, expressing a radical idea of ‘dematerialising’ the three-dimensional object, as if it were subject to the influence of time and its surrounding atmosphere. Rosso began his career in Milan but spent three decades in Paris and was naturalised as a French citizen before returning to Milan in his final years. He was considered the founder of ‘Impressionist sculpture’, although his works also reflect the influence of Realism and Symbolism. In France, critics believed he was Auguste Rodin’s unacknowledged rival in the birth of modern sculpture and an influence on the 1898 Monument to Balzac. In Italy, he was hailed as the forefather of Futurism, prefiguring their experiments with movement and speed. Today, contemporary artists admire his precocious interest in materials and creative casting that left evidence of artistic process on his works.
Keun, Irmgard (1905–1982)
Authors: Smith Jill
Published: February 2023

Irmgard Keun was an acclaimed and popular novelist in Germany during the final years of the Weimar Republic (1918–33), whose works reached an international audience in the 1930s and 1940s. Known for their irreverent humour and their naïve yet canny female narrators, Keun’s novels captured the precariousness of life in late Weimar Germany. Blacklisted by the National Socialists (commonly known as the Nazis) in 1933, she went into exile in 1936 and continued to write novels that cast a critical eye on the petit-bourgeois milieu and its submission to fascist barbarism. Keun returned to Germany in 1940, but her post-war life was marked by financial hardship, alcohol abuse, and mental and physical breakdowns.
Kulbak, Moyshe (1896–1937)
Authors: Rozenfeld Anna
Published: February 2023

Moyshe Kulbak was a leading Yiddish modernist poet, novelist, and playwright. Born in Smorgon near Vilna, he received a traditional religious education. His youthful works were created in Hebrew, then he began writing in Yiddish. He made his Yiddish debut in 1916 and published his first book, Shirim [Poems], in 1920.
Miller, Henry (1891–1980)
Authors: Decker James
Published: February 2023

An iconoclastic writer of autobiographical fiction, travel narratives, and personal essays, Henry Miller drew on several strands of European Modernism, including Surrealism, Dada, and Expressionism. The autodidactic Miller culled modern psychological theories for their thoughts on sexuality, dreams, and self-actualisation. He also absorbed the ideas of many philosophers, writers, artists, and musicians who helped to shape his modernist understandings of temporality, urban alienation, and eschatology, among other concepts. While strictly characterising Miller as a modernist author seems highly problematic, the impact of modernist elements on his writing and thinking is indisputable.
Schiele, Egon (1890–1918)
Authors: Jordan Sharon
Published: February 2023

Egon Schiele is one of the most original artists of the early 20th century and a major figure associated with the stylistic movement, Expressionism. He has a unique linear technique that conveys a heightened energy or dynamic intensity, to which chromatic dissonance is frequently added with the application of watercolour.

The majority of Schiele’s artworks explore extreme facets of the human experience expressed through the human body, with external physical appearances serving as expressions of an existential reality or an internal state of being. With his interest in psychological and sexual subject matter, he is aligned with Oskar Kokoscha, the other foremost representative of Austrian Expressionism.
Braque, Georges (1882–1963)
Authors: Bezverkhny Eva
Published: February 2023

Georges Braque was a major French modernist painter of the twentieth century who created and developed the cubist painting technique. Upon meeting Picasso in 1907, Braque quickly shifted towards a reduced colour palette, an emphasis on geometry, confrontation with the canvas picture plane, and the integration of collage into painting techniques. His legacy as a prolific, imaginative, cubist painter contributed to the evolution of painting during a crucial moment for Modernism.
Mahler, Gustav (1860–1911)
Authors: Cahn Geoffrey S.
Published: February 2023

With his deeply autobiographical compositions, composer Gustav Mahler (1860–1911) bridged late nineteenth-century Romanticism and early twentieth-century Modernism. His symphonies and song cycles traversed techniques of both charming simplicity and stunning complexity. Many of his works refracted the Modernism evident in the arts of fin-de-siècle Vienna. Mahler’s composing life can be divided into three distinct phases that were affected by life-changing events, as well as new compositional directions. The first phase includes Symphonies 1–4 (1887–1900); in the second phase he wrote Symphonies 5–8 with the two song cycles (1901–6); and in his final years he produced what some consider to be his most significant compositions, Das Lied von der Erde and Symphonies 9 and 10 (1907–10). His earlier songs were set to poems from the German folk poetry compilation, Des Knaben Wunderhorn [The Youth’s Magic Horn] (1887–98) and would later be interwoven into his early symphonies as well. Although only a few of his compositions were greeted with critical acclaim during his lifetime, he was already revered by Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils, Alban Berg and Anton von Webern during the first decade of the twentieth century. The need to earn a living as a conductor limited his output as a composer. As he rose through the ranks of provincial opera theatres, Mahler emerged as one of the most brilliant conductors of his time, including innovative tenures as director of the Vienna Court Opera, the Metropolitan Opera, and the New York Philharmonic. However, his recognition as a composer grew gradually after his death, and profoundly influenced the works of postwar composers. Since the 1960s, recordings and concert programming of Mahler’s music have grown dramatically and have become a staple of the classical repertoire.
The Peroxide, Organoleptic, and Proximate Content of Thunnus sp. Shredded Fortified with Banana Blossoms
Authors: Djamaludin Heder , Hardoko Hardoko , Dailami Muhammad , Nurhadianty Vivi , Ananta Delvira Riska , Prayoga Dean Rama
Published: February 2023

Fish is part of the diet which is a source of animal protein which is very beneficial for health. To meet the availability of fish-based food, it can be processed into various processed products, one of which is shredded fish. Shredded fish still has a drawback, such as the low fiber content. To enrich the fiber content of shredded fish, fortification with banana blossoms can be an alternative. The process of making shredded fish does not yet have a standard because many methods and spices are added, so there are variations in the types and amounts of spices used. This causes the quality of shredded fish to vary. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical properties of the effect of different concentrations on banana blossoms fortification in the processing of shredded tuna. The research was conducted in June-August 2022 at the Fish Product Technology Laboratory and the Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Universitas Brawijaya. The study design was a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results were analyzed using ANOVA (α 5%) and Tukey's post hoc test. The results showed that banana blossoms fortification had no significant effect on the peroxide value and water content of shredded tuna. Banana blossoms fortification has a significant effect on the hedonic value of the appearance, taste, and texture of shredded tuna. However, it has no significant effect on the hedonic aroma value and overall acceptance. The value of the proximate composition of shredded tuna with the best treatment level was 70%, i.e. protein content of 14.51%, fat content of 36.19%, ash content of 6.82%, carbohydrate content of 29.15%, and total dietary fiber of 20.80%. The fat and protein content of shredded tuna does not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for shredded products.
National Memory in the Context of the Discourse “forgetting”: a Historical and Methodological Aspect
Authors: Ilin V.
Published: February 2023

The article presents the problem of memory in relevance to the phenomenon of forgetting, which appears to be an important condition for the formation of a nation, national memory, national identity and national character. The nation is a solidarity based on democratic expression of will. As a spiritual principle, the nation consists of two elements: one in the past, the other in the future. It is emphasized that it is forgetting, not the intention to the truth, forms the basis of the construction of national memory. The idea that the nation is an “imagined community”, which is thought of as a strong, horizontally organized society, is analyzed. It was the feeling of fraternal unity that compelled millions and millions of people not only to kill, but to die for the sake of imagined creations. Self-image as a nation is the result of a large-scale historiographical campaign conducted by the state and a mechanism for constructing national genealogies. The requirement to “forget” indicates that a person “remembers” and is capable of “memories”. It is argued that “fratricides” are as important to the nation’s existence as narratives of past peaceful coexistence. Seven types of forgetting are distinguished, three of which are considered positive practices of “successful forgetting”: “forgetting by order”; “amnesty”; “institutional oblivion”. Negative types include: “cancellation”; “repressive destruction”; “planned obsolescence”; “silence of humiliation and shame”. There are two counterparties of memory and forgetting: the state and society. State memory cultivates secrecy and protects the foundations of its existence through oblivion. Society’s memory is in constant motion and always strives for oblivion. The element of forgetting in historical memory determines the process of formation of national consciousness as a condition of national identity. What is important is not the imperative of “memory”, but its content. It is in this context that the national memory of the people is formed and affirmed.
Circumstances of the Opening of the Polytechnic Institute in Guides to Kyiv (1900 – Early 20th Century)
Authors: Shevchuk T.
Published: February 2023

In the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. in Kyiv, a city that attracted many visitors, nationwide trends in the development of the coal, metallurgical, machine-building, light, food industry, and agriculture industries were marked, and at the same time, there was a lack of engineers, agronomists, and technicians. Against this background, there was an urgent need to establish a higher institution of technical education in Kyiv, which became the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, opened in 1898. At the same time, it was during this period that tourism, which before was rather a supplement to pilgrimage, gradually grew into a mass one, and accordingly, guides, as a publication outlining noteworthy routes, became more and more popular. Therefore, it is important to trace how the new university entered the sphere of attention of visitors to the city, and what role the authors of guidebooks – valuable comprehensive sources on the history of everyday life in the city – played in this. The article examines the peculiarities of coverage in Kyiv guidebooks of the circumstances of the opening of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. It can be concluded that the most information about the circumstances of the opening of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute is contained in those guides (except K. Svirskiy) that were published immediately after the opening of this educational institution (in 1900 and 1901), although one of them – a reprint of M. Sementovskyi – in the first in the first turn it was aimed at pilgrims, and only in the second – at social guests of the city. Probably, the compilers sought to record as accurately as possible the still unfinished process unfolding before them.V. Chekhovsky, who openly positioned his work as dedicated to the modern features of the Kyiv of that time, disclosed in it the main, in his opinion, prerequisites and key aspects of the establishment of the institute from planning to the implementation of a concrete project, and among the most prominent persons involved, he did not overlook those ethnically related to Poles, but did not exaggerate their role. Later editions do not go beyond the placement of information, according to the authors, most important for average travellers. Even in the most succinct coverage of events, the importance of the role of donations from private individuals is noticeable, sometimes with an indication of the cost of the project.
“Twins in Spite of Themselves”: Spanish and Ottoman Empires’ “Issues of Decline” in XVIIIth Century
Authors: Chalyi Andrii
Published: February 2023

Spanish and Ottoman empires had more similarities that could be found at first glance. Both experienced the take-off as leading force in Europe and Asia respectively, being for a while the most fearful and powerful states during XVI, faced economic and political blunders in XVII century and slightly ended with stagnation in XVIII century (as conventional wisdom says). Using comparative method and cultural analysis, article tries to answer a question – how unique or regular was that issues which stroke Spain and Ottoman Empires, how deeply they were engaged in so called decline narrative, created in XIX century European historiography and is it possible to create common trend for empire`s stagnation using not only historical sociology method (sociology of revolution used by Jack Goldstone and Teda Skocpole) and world-system analysis provided by Immanuel Wallerstein, with emphasis on history of ideas or begriffsgeschichte by Reinhardt Kosseleck. Main results are going to provide a more correct view on the status of Spanish and Turkish Empires during the XVIII century. Despite that Ottomans and Spaniards had obvious differences in political distribution, economic capabilities, warfare tactics and external actions, almost simultaneous decline was based on clear and exact reasons: lack of industrialization (production with high surplus value), hush incorporation of Ottoman and Spanish Empires into World-Economy, lack of defending tariffs, ineffective fiscal system and policy, devastating and lasting wars, decreasing price for agricultural products, down warding Kondratieff cycle, rigid political and social units, which constrain strict political actions. These gaps made the Empire’s decline possible notwithstanding those problems which they had previously. Oppositely, major European states (England, France, Prussia) had made reversed actions, which took a long time, but made European “take-off” inevitable, assured their economical breakaway to further domination over the Ottomans and Spaniards as well.
TIME ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS OF SENSOROMOTOR REACTIONS OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OPERATORS
Authors: Pilkevych I. A. , Tokar A. M. , Loboda R. I. , Loboda V. V.
Published: February 2023

The rapid development of science and technology is leading to a significant expansion of the application areas of unmanned aerial systems for various purposes. The key to their effective use of unmanned aerial systems is the quality training of operators, an important element of which is the professional psychological selection of candidates, in particular, the assessment of their sensorimotor reactions. This can be ensured by selecting and justifying appropriate assessment algorithms. The article proposes algorithms that make it possible to estimate the time of sensorimotor reactions of an operator of unmanned aerial systems of the first class based on the accumulation of statistical material and its mathematical processing based on the results of a full-scale experiment. This makes it possible to evaluate the numerical characteristics of the distribution of the duration of the average reaction time in three modes: skill development, under conditions of interference, and under conditions of skill reconstruction, and ultimately to obtain a generalized assessment. By analyzing random continuous values that acquire a value over a certain interval, it was possible to establish standards against which the obtained indicators of sensorimotor reaction time of the operator of unmanned aerial systems of the first class are compared and a conclusion is made about their suitability for training. The results of testing of the proposed algorithms were carried out, statistical series for three evaluation modes were obtained.For a visual representation of the series, the corresponding histograms of the distribution of the duration of the average reaction time were constructed. In order to eliminate the representativeness error, the statistical series were aligned by selecting a theoretical distribution curve for each, which reflects only the essential features of the statistical material. For this purpose, the distribution histogram was approximated by a fourth-degree polynomial. The interval of the theoretical density of the distribution, falling within which the sensorimotor reaction of an arbitrary person is considered normal, is established. For a given probability of such an event, the reliability of such an event is 0.95. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, an algorithm for estimating the time of sensorimotor reaction of the operator of unmanned aerial systems of class 1 in three modes was synthesized and the corresponding software implementing the developed algorithm was developed.
Keywords: unmanned aircraft complexes; sensorimotor reaction; mean reaction time.
METHODOLOGY FOR CHECKING AND BRINGING THE 5.45-MM AK-74 ASSAULT RIFLE TO NORMAL FIREARM READINESS AT A SHORT DISTANCE
Authors: Bondarenko Y. L. , Husakiwskij A. V. , Movchan V. V. , Uvarov Y. G.
Published: February 2023

The article substantiates and proposes a methodology for checking of the 5.45-mm AK-74 assault rifle and bringing it to normal firearm readiness at a short distance. There are determined shooting distances with sight settings, requirements for a control target, the order of firing and finding the average point of impact, as well as the adjustment of the front sight based on the results of target shooting. The practical test results of the performance of the proposed method are presented.
As you know, firearm training is one of the main subjects of combat training and an integral part of the troops field craft. Its purpose is to train personnel and units to maintain weapons in constant combat readiness and conduct effective fire to defeat the enemy in the conditions of modern combat in order to perform their combat tasks. It can be said more simply that the task of firearm training is to teach the personnel to hit targets (solve firing tasks) with the least consumption of ammunition in the shortest possible time. However, most often it looks completely different, the personnel spends an excessive amount of ammunition trying to hit the target during firearm training. Of course, this will happen if the serviceman is not trained in the basic rules of shooting: correctness and uniformity in aiming, taking the correct and convenient position for shooting, firing. However, in most cases, this is affected by weapons that are not brought to normal firearm readiness.
One of the most important factors that affects the results of shooting, and in general, the combat readiness of the unit, is checking and bringing the weapons to normal firearm readiness. Shooting weapons does not brought to normal firearm readiness and with uncalibrated sights is prohibited, because it leads not only to poor results in shooting, but also causes harm to the personnel, causing lack confidence in the capabilities of their weapons.
Keywords: methodology; firearm readiness; bringing; short distance; 5.45-mm AK-74.
THE PORTRAIT OF MORALITIES INSCARLET LETTER NOVEL BY NATHANIEL HAWTORNE
Authors: Aristiawan Danul
Published: February 2023

The aimed of this research was to analyze and describe about the morality in Nathaniel Hawthorne work entitled The Portrait of morality in Scarlet Letter Novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Specially ,this research deal with (1) What are the potrait of moralities by the main characters Hester Prynne ,Arthur Dimmsdale and Roger Chilingworth drawn in Scarlet Letter Novel (2) What are the sequences of these moralities for the main character as the doer of the moralities in Scarlet Letter Novel. This research was descriptive qualitative research. The data were words, phrases, sentences from the first chapter until the last chapter. Theories used used in this research were concerned with novel as a literary work, morals and ethics,morality,morality and religion,morality and law,immorality and the structural approach in literary criticism.This research was catagorized as literary criticms,where the researcher doing analysis, interpretation and evaluation in conducting the research.The writer applies the structural approach in hisresearchbecause to analyzes what moralities characters and what is the consequences of these moralities for the character’s life based on the instrinsic element of this novel.The result of this research were stated as follow: (1)The moralities found in the Scarlet Letter Novel were adultery,hypocrisy and revenge (2)The three main characters get different consequences of thier morality and face the risk of the morality in different ways.Finally the author can conclude that no one is perfect even the priest which supposed tobe the right hand of God.This novel reveal the morality in details and the important point is how this novel is relevant for generation to generation as a guidebook in morality aspect in society.And the writer advise that the next writer will write about literary critism in different point of view.
Illegal Migration Prevention Strategies: Lessons for Migration Management Professionals
Authors:   Department of Sociology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia, West Africa, Bah Yahya Muhammed
Published: February 2023

Around the world illegal migration is occurring with undocumented socio-economic and political impacts and it yarns for concerted efforts at all levels to address it. Every immigrant is entitled to full protection as enshrined in several international legal instruments of universal significance. The aims of the systematic literature review were to interrogate the fundamental preventive strategies of illegal migration, share knowledge to spark and inspire processes that will usher rapid growth from all directions. A systematic review of the literatures using information collected from different sources was actuated. Google search engine and others were used to search for articles. Only peer-reviewed articles published after 2000 were selected except extracts of fundamental mileage. However, articles published by staunch international organizations working in the area for years and produced indefatigable knowledge were stealthily appraised. The study revealed that the preventive methods are numerous and encompass: border control intensification, financial support to impoverished families, stiff laws enactment and enforcement, youths empowerment, human trafficking criminalization, illegal immigrants employment criminalization, asylum system and granting refugee status procedures review, policy formulation and coordination; and promotion of research and development. In conclusion, the preventive strategies can be pooled and catalogued into social, economic, political; and legal strategies.