bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spirituality of Saint Tarcisius in the Role of Acolytes at Saint Francis Xavier Parish in Yogyakarta
Authors: Rukiyanto Bernardus Agus , Beyda Engelbertha E.
Published: January 2025

An acolyte, serving the priest during the Eucharist, plays a significant role in ensuring the smooth execution of the Eucharistic celebration, aiding the congregation in participating the Eucharist more devoutly. The Patron Saint of the acolytes is Saint Tarcisius, who dared to sacrifice himself to death to protect the Blessed Sacrament. Therefore, the acolyte needs to emulate Saint Tarcisius in carrying out his duties as an altar server. The acolytes at Saint Francis Xavier Parish, Kidul Loji, Yogyakarta lack a profound understanding of the patron of their ministry, leading to a deficiency in their representation during Eucharistic celebrations. This research aims to understand the extent to which the acolytes embody the spirituality of Saint Tarcisius, recognizing a gap in their knowledge about his life. Conducted descriptive qualitative research, this research focuses on active acolytes from Saint Francis Xavier Parish, totalling 20 individuals. Data collection involves observation, document study, and interviews. The findings revealed that a majority of the acolytes lacked a deep understanding of Saint Tarcisius's life story, resulting in a limited grasp of the spirituality he exemplified. In response to these findings, the researchers suggest that the parish should organize activities to familiarize acolytes with Saint Tarcisius and his spirituality. A proposed recollection activity aims to address these knowledge gaps, offering the acolytes a chance for spiritual enrichment and enthusiasm in carrying out their duties meaningfully. Keywords: spirituality; Saint Tarcisius; acolyte
Solidarity Towards the Poor Based on the Ideas of Pope Francis
Authors: Putra Bonaventura Dwi , Rusmana Yohanes Wahyu
Published: January 2025

Solidarity is a value rooted in the understanding and commitment of faith to respond to and seek solutions to the concrete problems of human life for the development of life together. Solidarity is also one of the values and life practices of the Church that has been internalized and passed down by Jesus and his disciples. However, over time, the value of solidarity has become increasingly eroded by the currents of the times. In the situation of the weakening of human solidarity values in the post-modern era, Pope Francis, in his pastoral vision, calls on the faithful to internalize and cultivate the value of solidarity, especially towards the small, the poor, the oppressed, and the forgotten.Through this article, the author focuses on exploring Pope Francis's ideas about solidarity towards the poor. The research method used is qualitative literature study with a descriptive analysis approach. The purpose of compiling this article is to explore and discover the meaning of solidarity based on Pope Francis's ideas. The results of the research show that reflections and ideas about solidarity from Pope Francis can contribute to theological reflection and can also become priority values that can be lived and interpreted within the framework of means of accountability of faith and salvation in the midst of communal life.
Contemplating Interfaith Pastoral Counseling for The Spiritual Well-Being of Transwomen in The Seruni Community, Yogyakarta
Authors: Andalas Mutiara , Suciari Klara Gambacorta Larassati
Published: January 2025

The foundation of this study is the problem of social and spiritual orphanhood that transwomen in Yogyakarta's Seruni Community encounter as a result of social and spiritual exclusion.  It is vital and urgent to contemplate interfaith pastoral counseling for the psychological and spiritual well-being of transwomen. The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine (1) how the transwoman community manages psychological and spiritual crises brought on by social and spiritual exclusion before getting interfaith pastoral counseling? (2) how does interfaith pastoral counseling contribute significantly to the psychological and spiritual well-being of transwomen? Transwomen going through spiritual and psychological orphanhood in Yogyakarta's Seruni Community served as the research subjects for this qualitative study. The study's findings indicate that (1) the transwoman community is marginalized in terms of both social and spiritual circles. Trans women pursue psychological and spiritual well-being through the communities they build before obtaining interfaith pastoral treatment. (2) Faith communities are contemplating interfaith pastoral counseling as a pastoral response to transwomen who are experiencing both psychological and spiritual orphanhood. Transwomen's psychological and spiritual well-being can be greatly enhanced by interfaith pastoral counseling, allowing them to fully flourish as persons and transform as believers.
Analysis of Destructive Fishing as an Anthropogenic Disaster in Coastal Areas
Authors: Dao Yunias , Yusnaldi Yusnaldi , Kusuma Kusuma
Published: January 2025

Destructive fishing has emerged as a critical threat to maritime ecosystems, posing severe risks to the economy, ecosystem sustainability, resource management, and national security, along with its complex cross-sectoral impacts in coastal areas. As a form of illegal fishing, its harmful consequences necessitate comprehensive scrutiny. This research aims to categorize destructive fishing as an anthropogenic disaster from a maritime security perspective, emphasizing its broad cross-sectoral effects. Employing a qualitative methodology alongside an extensive literature review, this study integrates disaster and maritime security theories, supported by relevant case studies, to thoroughly investigate the issue. The findings reveal that destructive fishing practices qualify as non-natural or anthropogenic disasters, with impacts directly stemming from human activities. These practices damage marine resource ecosystems, disrupt economies, compromise human security, and threaten national security in coastal regions. The study concludes that destructive fishing constitutes an anthropogenic disaster, demanding an urgent, coordinated response from multiple stakeholders. This research advocates for the development and implementation of policies that address the technical dimensions of maritime security, integrate disaster management strategies, and incorporate anthropological insights. Such policies are essential for devising and executing sustainable solutions to this pervasive issue on a global scale.
The impact of carbon disclosure on firm value: Examining the role of institutional ownership in the energy sector
Authors: Rachmadhika Hendra Arie , Firmansyah Amrie
Published: January 2025

This study examines the influence of carbon disclosure on firm value with institutional ownership as a moderator in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2022. Carbon disclosure is measured using the disclosure scale developed by Bae Choi et al. (2013a), the percentage of institutional ownership in the company to calculate institutional ownership, and Tobin's Q to calculate firm value. This study uses data from energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the observation period of 2019-2022, with a total of 80 observations through purposive sampling. The results show that carbon disclosure has a negative effect on firm value. However, institutional ownership weakens the negative influence of carbon disclosure on firm value. The results of this study can provide insights into the factors that can increase firm value for investors. This study is expected to provide a perspective for investors to make investment decisions in the capital market by looking at information related to carbon disclosure conducted by companies.
Fostering cultural values in artistic creativity among perspective art teachers: Readiness for utilizing virtual museum
Authors: Umralieva Laura , Tanirbergenov Medeubek , Mussakulov Kussan , Beisenbekov Zhalgasbek , Kerimbai Balkiya
Published: January 2025

In the current era of globalization, the need arises to train individuals who are spiritually enriched, creatively developed, and culturally grounded through the advancement of education and science, as well as through art and culture. These individuals must be capable of integrating artistic creativity into their professional activities. In this context, the issue of fostering values of historical and cultural significance through virtual reality technologies emerges as a novel area of research. The study aims to reveal the essence of the concept “virtual museum” and test the level of perspective art teachers’ readiness for utilizing the virtual museum in their professional activity to foster their cultural values of artic creativity. Employing quantitative and qualitative methods, the study encompassed questionnaires, tests, and assignments administered to 135 university students divided into control and experimental groups. To diagnose students’ readiness to utilize virtual museum technology in their professional activities, three components (motivational, cognitive, and operational), criteria, indicators and levels of readiness were identified. Findings indicate that there is a noticeable difference between the experimental group’s results before and after completing the authors’ elective course titled “Methodology of using the virtual museum”. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this course conducted with the experimental group. The study highlights the importance of perspective art teachers’ acquisition of knowledge, skills and competences necessary to implement the virtual museum method in their teaching activity through the proposed elective course incorporated into the university educational process in order to foster students’ cultural values of artic creativity.
The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis: a review of biology, invasiveness, management practices and future perspectives of control strategy in Europe
Authors: Budziszewska Marta , Bereś Paweł Krystian
Published: January 2025

The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a significant invasive pest threatening boxwood (Buxus spp.) in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. Since its initial detection in Europe in 2006, C. perspectalis has spread rapidly, causing widespread damage to both ornamental and wild boxwood populations. Although extensive investigations have been conducted on its biology, reproduction, ecology, and phenology, achieving fully sustainable control strategies in Europe remains challenging, even with numerous studies and pest management efforts documented in the literature. It is a highly polivoltine species, with larvae that aggressively consume boxwood foliage leading to defoliation and plant death. The economic impact in Europe has been particularly severe in natural landscapes, especially in historical gardens. C. perspectalis is highly adapted to feeding on boxwood. It is plausible that the microbiome of larvae might detoxify phytocompounds and modify plant defense thus facilitating their survival and proliferation. This review consolidates the current knowledge on C. perspectalis, including its biology, origin, and distribution. Based on currently available literature, effective management strategies, which primarily rely on monitoring and early detection, are discussed. Due to the challenges in controlling this pest and the lack of effective natural enemies an integrated pest management (IPM) approach is recommended. This strategy combines biological, chemical, and mechanical methods to reduce populations and limit their destructive impact. Furthermore, the pest’s ability to neutralize the natural toxins in boxwood leaves increases the risk of insecticide resistance development. Consequently, understanding the microbial interactions between C. perspectalis and its host plant could offer further pest control strategies by targeting the microbiome to disrupt the detoxification process, making the insect more susceptible to boxwood defenses.
Aspects of Learning Motivation of Adults with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Beksová Kateřina Brzáková , Ryšlavá Hana , Nádvorníková Lenka , Bjørke Alena , Palounková Zuzana , Lopušan Libor
Published: January 2025

This article examines the motivation of adults with intellectual disabilities who participate in the “Come to College!” regular educational program. This program has been implemented at the Department of Social Work and Special Education of the Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education of the Technical University of Liberec by teachers in tandem teaching together with their students since March 9, 2023. The activation program follows the trend of sustainable lifelong learning. It mainly aims to increase motivation to learn, continuous development of cognitive abilities, social interaction, and strengthening self-awareness in people with intellectual disabilities. The research is based on the reflections of these individuals in their second year of regular attendance at the university. In this paper, we present a qualitative research investigation conducted as a focus group to determine the views of adults with intellectual disabilities involved in the “Come to College!” program about education and also to define the factors that influence these people’s motivation to learn from their own perspective. The data collected were coded using thematic analysis and evaluated in the context of the three pre-defined research questions.
Participation in Structural Change – Understanding Social Innovations in Lusatia from a Life-World Perspective
Authors: Jukschat Nadine , Erhard Franz , Socha Emilia
Published: January 2025

This article focuses on understanding social innovations in Lusatia from a life-world perspective. Ethnographic case studies in two small towns explore people’s perspectives on transformation, particularly its impact. The analysis critically assesses the concept of social innovation, revealing implicit, often unreflected assumptions. Drawing on sociological perspectives, the article challenges notions of intentional change management and normative progress, instead emphasizing the complexity of social practices. It suggests that promoting social innovations requires nuanced understanding and context sensitivity for local communities, acknowledging diverse experiences shaping responses to change.
Consciousness and Decision Making: Analyzing Behavioral Attitude Across Adulthood in a Socio-Economic Platform
Authors: Nambiar Akanksha
Published: January 2025

Humans are associated with varied decision-making skills in their daily lives. These involve a range of metacognitive abilities that primarily focus on being aware consciously or unconsciously while engaging in a particular action. In a given societal condition, finance plays a crucial role in understanding socio-economic and emotional factors. The article aims to understand the fundamental aspects of decision-making skills across adulthood within the crossroads of understanding the elements of finance, cognitive abilities, behavioral responses, and beliefs while executing an action. Lastly, the article is an ongoing thesis and will be continuing with research which will eventually be supported by data collection, thus helping us understand human behavioral system.
Bio-Waste in Reverse Logistics - Various Size Cities on the Example of South-Eastern Poland
Authors: KOC-JURCZYK Justyna , JURCZYK Łukasz , PODOLAK Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The circular economy (CE) aims to keep the maximum value of products and materials in a closed loop for longer periods, thus decoupling the use of natural resources from economic growth. Reverse logistics in the management of municipal biowaste falls within the scope of CE activities. This study compares the mass of bio-waste collected separately to the mass forecast at various administrative levels in Poland: country, voivodeship, cities with over 50 thousand inhabitants, and cities under 50 thousand inhabitants. Discrepancies were found between the collected mass of bio-waste and its predicted mass, which may be due to several reasons. Firstly, rural residents often use bio-waste for their own household needs. Additionally, in rural areas, due to the dispersion of buildings, the cost of obtaining the same amount of bio-waste is much higher compared to more urbanized areas. Processing bio-waste into organic fertilizer is a process that meets the assumptions of a circular economy and creates an environmentally friendly product. Unfortunately, in the case of Poland, there is no data on collected bio-waste earlier than 2019. There is also no information on the mass of biologically managed bio-waste at all administrative levels. Therefore, reporting on the management of municipal bio-waste at all administrative levels should be improved. The work also discusses the issue of collection and management of bio-waste, taking into account logistics processes.
Application of functional analysis in dendrometry using five-year growth of selected dendrometric traits of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Zawieja Bogna , Kaźmierczak Katarzyna , Slebioda Laura
Published: January 2025

The differentiation between age classes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was analyzed with regard to the five-year increment of seven traits: height growth (zh5), diameter growth at breast height (zd5), cross-sectional area growth at breast height (zg5), volume growth (zv5), volume growth intensity coefficient (i5), and slenderness (s). Measurements were made in five periods for 24-year-old trees and six periods for 33-year-old trees, all growing in fresh mixed coniferous forest sites. Repeated measures data analysis was conducted separately for all traits. Multivariable functional data analysis (FDA) was proposed to compare age classes of trees. The functional variables which resulted from this analysis can be used, as data, in many analyses (designate functions representing each of trees, FPCA – functional principal component analysis, FLDC – discriminant analysis, permutation analysis of variance). The results of the above analyses revealed significant differences between age groups. Furthermore the functions and FPCA were used to detect outliers. This procedure had not previously been used for such a purpose. FPCA explained 55% of the total variance, with the first two components clearly separating the groups. The study showed that 33-year-old trees exhibit stable growth, while 24-year-old trees show greater variability, highlighting the impact of age on growth dynamics. Permutation analysis of variance confirmed significant growth differences between the groups. The findings highlight the importance of age as a factor influencing tree growth and demonstrate the effectiveness of the multivariable FDA approach for analyzing such data.
Dynamics of Visuomotor Functions in the Aging Process: Analysis of Visual Path Speed
Authors: Kazubowski Paweł , Dośpiał Marcin , Kazubowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

This study investigates age-related changes in visuomotor functions by analyzing gaze path velocity (pixels per second). The research included 50 participants aged 7 to 83 years, divided into four groups: children (7–14 years), young adults (19–39 years), middle-aged adults (45–58 years), and older adults (62–83 years). Eye movements were tracked during a visual scanning task. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey HSD tests, and effect size calculations (η²), evaluated group differences.

Significant differences in gaze path velocity were found across groups. Children had an average velocity of 150.44 px/s, serving as a baseline. Young adults showed a substantial increase (365.97 px/s), and middle-aged adults reached the highest velocities (423.48 px/s), indicating peak visuomotor function. Older adults demonstrated a decline (256.15 px/s), reflecting age-related neuroplasticity reductions.

A nonlinear trajectory, modeled by a second-degree polynomial equation (R² = 0.89), peaked at age 46.3 years (Vmax = 406.03 px/s). This pattern reflects rapid growth in childhood, stabilization in middle age, and decline in later life.

The findings underscore the importance of age-specific interventions, optimized user interfaces, and neurodegenerative diagnostics. Future studies should expand on sample size and consider health and lifestyle factors to enhance understanding of visuomotor variability.
The production of olive-growing knowledge in Portugal: Ancestry, science, and landscape
Authors: Monteiro Patricia
Published: January 2025

This article examines the olive tree as an aspect of the Portuguese landscape. After considering the notion of landscape as a concept, it traces references to olive tree cultivation and olive oil production, particularly within the Iberian context, from Antiquity through the twenty-first century. It argues that these practices form an important and understudied in the history of knowledge transmission, particularly what has been lately termed “artisanal knowledge.” It likewise points to the potential present-day value of recovering traditional practices for the future of industries connected to the olive tree in Portugal.
Teacher research on changing the concept of English language teaching
Authors: Ostradický Peter , Kostrub Dušan , Kšiňanová Marína , Hradská Lucia
Published: January 2025

The presented research conducted at the Faculty of Medicine at Comenius University in Bratislava within the English language course elaborates on the issue of changes in teaching concepts. The research problem was identified based on a specific teaching experience, which indicates that a behavioural approach to teaching and learning is primarily applied in English language classes at the Faculty of Medicine at Comenius University in Bratislava. The concept of constructionist teaching was used, and through qualitative phenomenological research, the student’s perspective on the implemented changes in the teaching process was examined. Focus group tools and phenomenological interviews were used to collect research material. In analysing the research material, the strategy of applying the constant comparison method was utilised. The research sample consisted of 26 students who interpreted their experience with the changed teaching concept, emphasising terms like chaos and fear of the new in their statements. The authors of the study comment on probable causal relationships and point out what is hypothetically possible in the teacher-didactics-learner relationship. Through their research activities, the authors also reflect on currently emphasised intentions, where attention is focused on changes or transformations in teaching strategies, in which the behavioural approach should no longer prevail.
Engaged learners, enhanced vocabulary? A qualitative analysis of Indonesian L2 engagement through self-made video projects
Authors: Kurniawati Lemmuela Alvita , Widodo Pratomo , Andriyanti Erna
Published: January 2025

This study investigates what L2 learners perceive as the impacts of their engagement through self-made video (SMV) creation on their vocabulary development (VD). Employing a qualitative inquiry, this study involved 12 Indonesian L2 learners attending an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Vocabulary in Context course at a private university in Indonesia. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. The study found that L2 engagement in SMV creation led to repeated-driven retention, contextualisation, and vocabulary comprehension, promoting VD. The findings suggest that L2 engagement in SMV creation promotes high exposure to new vocabulary through planning, researching, scripting, filming, and editing. The findings also indicate the importance of L2 learners’ engagement in the vocabulary learning process, as it fosters the ownership of learning, leading to improved learning motivation and vocabulary knowledge. The study provides implications for L2 instructors and educators, suggesting incorporating SMV creation into language instruction to promote VD, improve long-term retention, and enhance learner engagement and motivation.
Obstetrician/gynecologist gender preference among the female population in the Western province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrhman , ALqahtani Hassan , Alzahrani Yazeed , Alhajuj Hamzah , Qureshey Abdullah , Aljohani Faisal , Afandi Ahmad , Ghazi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Background: The gender of an OB-GYN is becoming increasingly significant due to the perceived competencies each gender provides. To some, a female OB-GYN is thought to be more empathetic, while their male counterparts are considered more direct in their approach. Exploring such perceptions may aid in the effective allocation of patients to appropriate physicians and encourage more individuals of each gender to pursue a career in OB-GYN.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to assess (OB-GYN) gender preference among the female population in the Western Province of Saudi Arabia. Initially, 433 females participated in the sur vey; of these, 390 were from the Western Province and thus were eligible to complete the study. The inclusion criteria involved females aged 18 and older, excluding only those unable to provide consent.
Results: The majority of the sample reported that their usual treating OB-GYN was female (75.96%), while 24.04% reported seeing a male OB-GYN. Furthermore, 78.4% indicated that it was their choice to see a specific OB-GYN, whereas 21.6% indicated that the choice was not theirs. Among participants who received care from an OB-GYN, 29.9% reported changing their treating OB-GYN solely based on gender, while the majority (70.01%) did not. Surprisingly, socioeconomic factors such as education, occupation, income, and insurance did not significantly influence preferences. This finding underscores the dominance of personal experiences and attitudes in OB-GYN selection.
Conclusion: Understanding geographic, demographic, and experiential factors is essential for implementing tailored, patient-centered approaches in women's healthcare. This study provides valuable insights for health care practices, policy-making, and medical education by recognizing individual preferences and experiences as crucial for improving OB-GYN care quality and patient satisfaction in Saudi Arabia.
PENDAMPINGAN PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PLATFORM CANVA DAN QUIZIZZ UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SKILL GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN MEDIA AJAR INSPIRATIF DAN INTERAKTIF DI SMP DAN SMA DARUT TAUHID SUMENEP
Authors: . Iddrus , Helmi Fauzi , Arifin Miftahul
Published: January 2025

endekatan, metode, guru dan media pembelajaran merupakan komponen yang harus ada dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Efektifitas dan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan metode ataupun media yang digunakan. Proses pembelajaran yang berhasil dapat dilihat dari Capaian pembelajaran. Capaian pembelajaran adalah salah satu tolak ukur keberhasilan proses pembelajaran. Siswa menjadi lebih mudah memahami atau penguasai matari pembelajaran. Guru dituntut untuk menyajikan media pembelajaran yang menarik dan interaktif guna meningkatkan antusias siswa dalam belajar. Pembuatan media pembelajaran yang menarik dan interaktif sejatinya akan sangat mudah dibuat oleh guru dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang ada. Namun banyak guru yang belum mengetahui teknologi apa yang dibutuhkan, apa guna dan manfaatnya dan bagaimana penerapannya. Banyaknya platform digital yang menyediakan berbagai macam fitur yang mendukung dan memudahkan guru dalam membuat media ajar yang menarik dan interaktif. Canva dengan program belajar.id nya, merupakan program garis bagi guru yang bekerja sama dengan Kemdikbudristek namun belum benyak digunakan oleh guru. Sehingga perlu bagi kami sebagi perwakilan dari universitas untuk memberikan pendampingan kepada guru di SMP dan SMA darut Tauhid menggunakan canva dan quizizz dalam membuat bahan ajar yang lebih kreatif dan juga dapat digunakan sebagai media ajar. Sehingga diharapan dapat lebih meningkatkan proses belajar mengajar
As part of a fictitious consideration of the potential effects of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (SARS), it is hypothesised that neural therapy with local anaesthetics could be able to mitigate the adverse effects associated with the pandemic and its post-SARS phase
Authors:   President Of Turkish Academic Society For Neuraltherapy-Regulation Therapy, Hakki Yeten Ave. Apt 23/ 14 TR- 34394, Istanbul, Turkey, NAZLIKUL Hüseyin
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to pose a significant global public health challenge, with no definitive, universally effective treatment established to date. COVID-19 can lead to a variety of severe complications affecting multiple organ systems, including the lungs, peripheral and central nervous systems, cardiovascular system, kidneys, and eyes, due to its impact on vascular and immune responses.
THIAZOLES: A VALUABLE INSIGHT INTO THE RECENT ADVANCES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Arshad M. Faiz , Ahsan Waquar , Alam M. Shamsher
Published: January 2025

Thiazoles displayed broad range of biological activities and found in many potent biologically active molecules such asSulfathiazol (antimicrobial drug), Ritonavir (antiretroviral drug), Abafungin (antifungal drug) and Tiazofurin(antineoplastic drug). So far, modifications of the thiazole ring have proven highly effective with improved potency andlesser toxicity. The present review highlights the recently synthesized thiazoles possessing important biological activities.
INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT LIPID BASED MATERIALS AS MATRICES DESIGNED TO CONTROL THE RELEASE OF A HYDROPHOBIC DRUG
Authors: Singh Inderbir , Kumar Pradeep , Rani Nisha , Rana Vikas
Published: January 2025

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different hydrophobic materials and their loading level on the release profile of etoricoxib, a model lipophilic drug, from matrix systems. Matrix tablets of the drug were prepared using compritol, precirol, glyceryl monostearate, cetostearyl alcohol and eudragit as release retarding agents by direct compression process. The resulting monolithic tablets were found to have optimum hardness, uniform thickness, high content uniformity and low friability. All tablet formulations yielded quality matrix preparations with satisfactory tableting properties. Increasing the concentration of hydrophobic materials significantly decreased the friability (from 2.73 to 0.46 in case of eudragit) and subsequently increased the tensile strength (0.237 to 0.908 in case of eudragit) of the formulated tablets. At higher hydrophobic level (50% of the matrix), the rate and extent of drug release was significantly reduced due to increased tortuosity and reduced porosity of the matrix. Compritol imparted the strongest retardation of drug release amongst the selected lipid based materials. In vitro drug dissolution and mathematical modeling were used to characterize drug release rate and extent. The release kinetics was found to be governed by the type and content of hydrophobic materials in the matrix. Numerical fits indicate that the Higuchi square root of time model (TEUD I, TEUD II, TCSA I and TCSA II), Hixson-Crowell cube root model (TGMS I, TCOM I and TPRE I) and Korsemeyer Peppas model (TGMS II, TCOM II and TPRE II) were the most appropriate one for describing the release profile of etoricoxib from hydrophobic matrices. Mathematical modeling indicated that the drug release followed a combination of diffusion and erosion mechanism.
FORMULATION, EVALUATION AND COMPARISION OF FAST-DISSOLVING TABLET OF NIMESULIDE BY USING CROSPOVIDONE AS SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: Nagar Mona , Singhai Sanjay K . , Chopra Vikram , Mandage Kishor
Published: January 2025

Fast dissolving tablets (FDT) of Nimesulide were prepared by direct compression method. The study was performed by incorporating the superdisintegrant (crospovidone) in 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 % concentration respectively. Four formulations were prepared to assess their efficiency. The optimized batch (Formulation 4) was compared with the available marketed preparation .The optimize batch (Formulation 4) showed excellent in vitro/in vivo dispersion time and drug release as compared to marketed preparation.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA RENIFORMIS METHANOLIC EXTRACT
Authors: Sanja S. D. , Sheth N. R. , Joshi D. M. , Golwala D. K. , Patel Dhaval , Raval M. K.
Published: January 2025

In the present study, methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis herb (MEIR) in acute, subacute and chronic models of inflammation was assessed in rats. Administration of MEIR (200, 400 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. In acute inflammation as produced by Carrageenan 59.55 % and 64.04 % protection was observed. While in subacute anti-inflammatory models using formaldehyde-induced hind paw edema (after 1.5 h) 38.36 % and 47.95 % and in chronic anti-inflammatory model using cotton pellet granuloma 15.02 % and 19.19 % protection from inflammation was observed. MEIR did not show any sign of toxicity and mortality up to a dose level of 1000 mg/kg, p.o. in rats. The results obtained suggest that the methanolic extract of Ipomoea reniformis herb (MEIR) is endowed with effective anti-inflammatory activity mediated via either by inhibition of cyclooxygenase cascade and by blocking the release of vasoactive substances (histamine, serotonin and kinins). These findings seem to justify the use of the plant in traditional Indian medicine in the treatment of inflammation, including arthritic conditions.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF STEM OF ABUTILON INDICUM (LINN.)
Authors: Chakraborthy Guno Sindhu , Ghorpade Prashant M.
Published: January 2025

Abutilon indicum (Linn) family (Malvaceae) commonly known as Atibala is used in our Traditional System of Medicine for healing various diseases. It is used in the treatment of piles, uterine discharge, febrifuge and in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to study its Pharmacognostical features, including macroscopic, microscopic features, physico-chemical parameters, Quantitative analysis and to investigated the phytochemical present in the extracts in the preliminary level. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore the plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug.
INFLUENCE OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXATION ON KETOPROFEN RELEASE FROM MATRIX FORMULATION
Authors: Shukla Vikesh , Masareddy Rajashree , Anghore Ashok , Manvi Fakkirappa V.
Published: January 2025

The main objective of this study was to improve the inclusion formation between Ketoprofen and β-cyclodextrin and thus enhance dissolution profile and bioavailability of the ketoprofen. Solubility studies demonstrated the formation of the ketoprofen-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with 1:1 stoichiometry. Equimolecular ketoprofen-β-cyclodextrin solid systems were prepared and characterized by DSC, FTIR and hot stage microscopy. Modification of the release of a ketoprofen from the hydrophilic matrices using cyclodextrin complexes was evaluated. The controlled release matrix tablets for the delivery of the ketoprofen were prepared by the direct compression using hydroypropylmethyl cellulose K100M. The tablets are further evaluated for their dissolution characteristics and swelling characteristics. In vitro release results demonstrated that matrix tablets containing the ketoprofen- β-cyclodextrin (KTPF-CD) solid complex displayed faster Ketoprofen release compared to those containing a mixture of physical mixture or “free” drug. Differences in the release profile of ketoprofen from the tablets could be attributed to the presence of the polymer and β-cyclodextrin complexation. The effect of polymer on ketoprofen release can affect the drug solubility (complexation) and polymer water uptake (swelling). Higher polymer water uptake may result in higher drug solubility and diffusivity in the hydrated polymeric environment.
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BASED NANOPARTICLES AS POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR THERAPEUTICS: THE WAY FORWARD?
Authors: Ghosh Dipankar , Pramanik Panchanan
Published: January 2025

A significant effort is underway to develop low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as potential alternates for conventional high molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles as delivery systems. Among the various options, low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles are attractive future delivery systems for nucleic acids, proteins and drugs due to their smaller particle size, higher solubility, higher permeability, higher association efficiency, better biodegradability, higher release efficiency, non haemolytic nature and lower cytotoxicity at normal physiological condition. In this current scenario, recent progresses on preparation techniques of Low Molecular Weight Biodegradable Polymer based nanoparticles and their therapeutic applications are focused in this review. However, there are significant remaining issues to practical applications, such as specific interactions of these low molecular weight biodegradable polymer based nanoparticles with human organs, tissue cells, resistant microbial cells, biomolecules, and metabolic fate. Hence, further deep research for overcoming these practical barriers may be pioneered a new avenue in the near future.
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND MEFENAMIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Jawla Sunil , Jain Sandeep
Published: January 2025

Diclofenac sodium and Mefenamic acid have been quantified in tablet dosage form by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). These methods are based on formation of the metal complexes of Diclofenac sodium and Mefenamic acid with cupric chloride and cobaltous chloride. The first method is based on reaction of both the drugs with cupric chloride to give light blue colored metal complexes, which are then extracted with dichloromethane and digested with 0.1 M nitric acid. Both the drugs are indirectly estimated via determination of copper content in the formed complexes by AAS. The second method is based on the formation of pink colored complexes of both the drugs with cobaltous chloride. These metal complexes are extracted with dichloromethane and estimated via determination of cobalt content in the formed complexes after digestion with 0.1 M nitric acid by AAS.
THE CLINICAL EFFECT OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK STEM BARK DECOCTION ON BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Kumar S. , Bansal P. , Gupta V. , Sannd R. , Rao M. M.
Published: January 2025

Bronchial asthma is a disorder characterized by increased response of trachea and bronchioles to various stimuli resulting in wide spread narrowing of airways. It is an inflammatory disease of respiratory organs combined with inflammatory cell infiltration, epithelial damage and sub-epithelial fibrosis as its internal pathological picture. Its symptoms closely resemble with symptoms of Tamak Shwasa in Ayurveda. The present study was conducted on 81 patients at I.P.D. and O.P.D. level. Patients were given Albizia lebbeck stem bark decoction (Shireesh Twak Kwatha) in a dose of 50 ml thrice daily for 6 weeks, supported by light diet. The results were assessed in terms of clinical recovery, symptomatic relief and pulmonary function improvement. The effect of the treatment was assessed based on subjective and objective parameters. A significant increase in PEFR and considerable decrease in total leukocyte count, eosinophil count and E.S.R. were observed. From the study conducted, it was found that 56 % (28) cases has shown good response, 38 % (19) cases shown fair response, 6 % (03) cases shown poor response and 31 cases were dropouts. The results demonstrate that the formulation can be used as an effective drug in Bronchial asthma however detailed observational studies are required to demonstrate the effect of drug at molecular level.
STANDARDIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PREFORMULATION PARAMETERS OF RASAYANA TABLET
Authors: Shah V. K. , Zalavadiya V. I. , Sheth N. R. , Raval M. K. , Dudhrejiya A. V. , Golwala D. K.
Published: January 2025

Rasayana tablet is a polyherbal preparation recommended as a tonic. It contains Amla, Gokhru and Galo in equal proportion. This preparation is generally marketed in the form of churna and tablet with several problems in weight hardness, disintegration time and friability. The present work is based on the Standardization of individual ingredients and formulation of Rasayana tablets with improved formulation parameters in order to compare it with the marketed formulation. Pharmacognostical parameters were also checked for individual crude drugs and marketed tablets like ash value, extractive value, loss on drying and powder microscopy. The preformulation parameters like bulk density, tap density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose were also checked for laboratory granules. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using sucrose (55 % solution) and starch (20 % solution) as binder. The designed formulations were evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness, friability and disintegration time. The designed formulation was in conformity to the properties evaluated for the tablets and is discussed in detail.
EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS IN TWO MAJOR INGREDIENTS OF AMPUCARE
Authors: Naithani V. , Pathak N. , Chaudhary M.
Published: January 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4 billion people or 80 percent of the world population, presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care and 25% of modern medicines are made from plants first used traditionally. There are several reports of adverse effects of these herbal preparations due to the presence of high level of heavy metals such as Lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic and mercury and this problem has become a matter of concern. The present study was done to check the presence of lead, cadmium, chromium, nickel, arsenic and mercury in two major ingredients (Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa) of a polyherbal product- Ampucare. These ingredients were procured from different cities of India and subjected to analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results were compared with the permissible limits (PL), acceptable daily intake (ADI) and provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) as set by World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (JECFA). All the metals were within these limits. Mean levels were evaluated with respect to their place of procurement. Delhi samples had highest mean metal contamination followed by Lucknow, Chandigarh and Chennai samples. Lowest metal contamination was found in Srinagar samples. These results were also in correlation with the safe limits as well as pollution prevailing in these cities. Overall study confirmed the safety of Ampucare.
A REVIEW ON ANGIOGENESIS ASSAYS
Authors: Prabhu V. Vinoth , Kumar N. Seraj , Gopal V.
Published: January 2025

The angiogenesis activity was involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. The research on angiogenesis activity was increased and many new methods are come for the evaluation of the angiogenesis activity. Previously Robert Auerbach et al., described the methods used for the evaluation of angiogenesis activity. We added some more techniques to that which are currently used for the evaluation of angiogenesis activity. Some of ischemic models are also used for the evaluation of angiogenesis like hindlimb ischemia model, coronary artery ligation model and Langendorff isolated model. Some of the new methods are introduced for the evaluation of inflammatory angiogenesis i.e. sponge granuloma angiogenesis assay. The CAM assay, corneal angiogenesis assay and matrigel plug assays are used for the evaluation of both angiogenic and anti-angiogenic agents. We also described some of the quantification techniques which are easily performed in laboratory like capillary density and estimation of hemoglobin in Matrigels.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF TELMISARTIN IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Seelam Raghunadha Reddy , I Sarath Chandiran , Divi Koteswara Rao , N. Jayaveera K.
Published: January 2025

A simple, sensitive and selective method for the quantification of Telmisartan by using rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/positive electroscopy ionization tandem mass spectroscopy. The method consists of extraction with Acetonitrile followed by the analysis of the Extracted sample by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization mode (ESI). Chromatography was performed on a C18 reverse phase column, Methanol: Acetonitrile: 10mM ammonium acetate (45:45:10) as a mobile phase. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 10 to 700ng/ml for Telmisartan in human plasma. Stability assessment was also included. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyse healthy volunteers participating in pharmacokinetics drug-drug interaction studies.
FLUID BED TECHNOLOGY: OVERVIEW AND PARAMETERS FOR PROCESS SELECTION
Authors: Srivastava Saurabh , Mishra Garima
Published: January 2025

Formulation development is the most emerging and upcoming face of pharmaceutical technology in the current era. It is contemporarily capturing the market leaps and bounds with recent trends and developments with its innovative techniques. The day-to-day advancements in the research have provided an edge to this brilliant branch of pharmaceutical sector for not only uplifting the pharmacy profession but also to conquer the diseased state for nurturing the health and humanity. The fluid-bed technology or air-suspension process is the potential tool to develop newer trends and implications in the sector of formulation development with maximum therapeutic efficacy. The technology is used for granulation/agglomeration, layering and coating of a wide range of particle size. In addition; the technique can be used for the drying process as well. The three patterns of the fluid-bed processes could be characterized by the position/location of the spray nozzle i.e. top spray, bottom spray or tangential spray. This article reviews the three techniques with some innovative fluid bed pelletizing technologies like CPS™, MicroPx™, ProCell™ and discusses their applications, advantages and limitations. These advanced pelletizing technologies are recentely added to complement the actual capabilities of standard fluid bed processing for development of various dosage forms of “Multiple Unit Particulate Systems” (MUPS) with better therapeutic efficacy and economic benefits.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STANDARDISATION OF POLYHERBAL TABLETS FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Authors: Arsul Vilas A. , Ganjiwale R. O. , Yeole P. G.
Published: January 2025

Literature survey revealed that phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin from Phyllanthus niruri, wedenolactone from Eclipta alba, and kutkin from Picrorhiza kurroa are responsible for hepatoprotective activity, and phenolic and flavonoids are responsible for antioxidant activity. A selected polyherbal formulation composed of 7 herbal extract mixtures such as Phyllanthus niruri, Eclipta alba, Cichorium intybus, Boerhaavia diffusa, Embelia ribes, Berberis aristata and Picrorhiza kurroa. The phytochemical evaluation was carried out by estimation of total phenolic content and total flavonoids. The antioxidant activity was compared with ascorbic acid (ASC) and Rutin as standard. The hepatoprotective activity in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were studied. Assessment of liver function was made by estimating the activities of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Cholesterol, Bilirubin and Total protein. From the study it is seen that formulation exhibit significant activity.