bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A description of the characteristics of shallot farmers using pesticides
Authors: Winarni S , Susanto H , Kartini A , Suwondo A , Nissa C , Dharminto
Published: June 2020

The biggest use of pesticides is in the Brebes Regency, which is an onion farmer. Farmers in Brebes use a mixture of more than 5 types of pesticides. At the onion pest season, farmers can spray pesticides every 2 days. The results of research on pesticide residues in the soil show that the soil in Brebes still contains chlorpyrifos residues from 0.39 to 0.72 mg/kg. On average, farmers spray onions 15-20 times during the planting period, which is about 2 months. The most widely usage of pesticide is in Dursban 200 EC. This study aims to look at the characteristics of sprayers male farmers and the use of pesticides. The population of shallot male farmers are sprayers male farmers who live in the villages of Pamulihan, Larangan, Siandong, Rengaspendawa, and Sitanggal. The control sample is taken randomly while the case sample is taken by purposive sampling. The results obtain that the majority of respondents'’s education is elementary school graduation (40%), have no history of chronic illness (76%), BMI (Body Mass Index) normal (64%), smoking (66.7%), not drinking alcohol (65.3%), the average spraying frequency is ≥ 3 times a week. The use of high dosage of pesticides (> 183.12 cc) was most in the control group at 66.0% compared to case group 44.0%. The agricultural activities that cover all activities from planting to harvest are mostly carried out by the case group at 100% compared to 97.3% of control group. Much personal protective equipment (PPE) is not used when spraying. The storage distance of shallots is ≤ 5 meters from the gathering place of the family. At the time of spraying, the opposite direction when spraying is more in case respondents at 28.0% compared to 26.0% controls. Post-harvest spraying is performed more in cases with 52.0% compared to 40% in controls. The use of spraying clothes that are the same as clothes worn at home was more in the control group which was 72.0%. The behaviour of not handwashing with soap after spraying pesticides is mostly carried out by case group at 92.0%. Information and education related to pesticide usage is still needed.
Subsurface mapping of University Diponegoro Tembalang campus based on resistivity data
Authors: Setyawan A , Gernowo R , Jatmiko E S , Wijayaningrum  , Aribowo Y , Najib
Published: June 2020

Subsurface mapping using the geoelectric method has been carried out in the area of Undip Campus, Tembalang to determine the distribution of subsurface layers resistivity. This study employs the Wenner configuration geoelectric method. Data were collected at seven points with a track length of 100 meters and a distance among electrodes of 5 meters. Data processing is carried out using RES2DINV software packages that produce rock resistivity values and depth estimates, then the interpretation of each track is carried out in detail by taking into account the geological information available in the Undip campus, Tembalang. The results of the interpretation show that the study area is dominated by breccias which are Kaligetas formations. The breccia rocks themselves are claystone which tends to be water-resistant and there is also sandstone. Nearly every data collection point has the same cross-section. Claystone with resistivity ranges from 3.05 Ωm to 26.5 Ωm. Sandstones with resistivity range from 20.0 Ωm to 135 Ωm. The rest found alluvium and sand with a resistivity of almost more than 100 μm.
MBE synthesis and properties of GaN NWs on SiC/Si substrate and InGaN nanostructures on Si substrate
Authors: Reznik R R , Kotlyar K P , Khrebtov A I , Kukushkin S A , Kryzhanovskaya N V , Cirlin G E
Published: June 2020

A possibility of GaN NWs and InGaN nanostructures of a branched morphology MBE growth on SiC/Si and Si substrate has been demonstrated. It was found that the intensity of the photoluminescence spectrum of the GaN NWs on SiC/Si(111) substrate integrally more than 2 times higher than that of the best structures of GaN NWs without a buffer layer of silicon carbide. The results of morphological studies have shown that InGaN synthesis occurs in several stages. InGaN nanostructures turned out to be optically active at room temperature and have a wide radiation visible range.
Quantum tunneling of molecules through compound barriers
Authors: Poteryaeva V A , Bubenchikov M A , Jambaa S , Gankhuyag D , Tsedenbaya D
Published: June 2020

The use of hydrogen and helium as a fuel requires well-developed technologies for the separation of gas mixtures, in particular, separation of isotopes of an element. The presence of quantum effects makes such processes possible, and the proposed system of two potential barriers enhances the differences in the passage of isotopes through two layers of matter providing high separation efficiency. The probability of atoms passing through composite barriers is derived from the solving of stationary Schrodinger equation.
Multifunctional Thin Film Optically Graded Flexible Absorber
Authors: Ghai V , Baranwal A , Singh H , Agnihotri P K
Published: June 2020

Flexible near perfect optical absorbers have many applications in the field of photovoltaic, energy harvesting and defence technologies. Even though flexible absorber coatings can be easily applied on the curved surfaces with complex geometry, the experimental realization of such absorbers having high absorption capacity in the broadband range is a challenging task. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based optically graded thin (total thickness - 750 μm) assembly which shows near perfect absorption (95%) in the wavelength range of 300 to 2000 nm. The observed high absorbing capacity may be attributed to the presence of multiscale feature size in optically graded assembly which leads to efficient light trapping and multiple scattering of incident beam. The multilayer assembly comprises layers of PDMS reinforced with iron, zinc oxide (ZnO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In addition to this, detailed fracture mechanism of fabricated absorber is studied. Moreover, contact angle study of fabricated thin film structure reveals that it is not only a near perfect absorber but also hydrophobic in nature. The ease of fabrication process combined with the excellent properties shown by the multilayer flexible assembly makes it an attractive option for industrial applications.
Design of a quasioptical scanning system for a fast mobile FMCW terahertz imaging system
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Shiva , Friederich Fabian
Published: June 2020

Radar systems based on frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) technique are used in 3D terahertz imaging setups to construct volumetric images of dielectric samples in order to reveal internal structures and defects. In some applications, a mobile imaging system is preferred, to carry to the sample under test (SUT). We have integrated a single FMCW transceiver unit with opto-mechanical components to obtain 3D information faster, compared to single-point measurements with raster scan. A scanning module with aspherical telecentric f-9 lens as an optical objective system and a galvanometer scanner mirror are designed.
Addendum: Observation-based solar and wind power capacity factors and power densities (2018 Environ. Res. Lett. 13 104008)
Authors: Miller Lee M , Keith David W
Published: June 2020

‘Observation-based solar and wind power capacity factors and power densities’ (Miller and Keith 2018 Environ. Res. Lett.
13 104008) contained a methodological error in how we estimated wind plant area, leading to an underestimate of wind power densities. The method and revised results were published as a Corrigendum (Miller and Keith 2019 Environ. Res. Lett.
14 079501). Given the importance of these estimates to energy policy, here in this Addendum, we expand on these corrected results, while also describing the public release of data to allow verification by third-parties. Specifically, here we: (1) illustrate our method by showing in greater detail how it works for the 2 wind power plants from figure 1 of the original study, (2) identify potential selection biases in the sampling of wind power plants used in our study, (3) provide a comparative overview of the various prior published estimates in graphical form, and, (4) conclude with a description of the data we are releasing publicly.
Soil physico-chemical properties are critical for predicting carbon storage and nutrient availability across Australia
Authors: Li Jinquan , Nie Ming , Powell Jeff R , Bissett Andrew , Pendall Elise
Published: June 2020

Soil carbon and nutrient availability play crucial roles in ecosystem sustainability, and they are controlled by the interaction of climatic, biotic, and soil physico-chemical variables. Although soil physico-chemical properties have been recognized as vital variables for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients, their relative influence across broad geographical scales has yet to be evaluated when simultaneously considering many other drivers. Using boosted regression tree and structural equation modelling analyses of observations from topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (20–30 cm) at 628 sites across Australia, we investigated the effects and relative influence of climate (mean annual temperature and aridity index), plant productivity, soil biodiversity (bacterial and fungal richness), and soil physical (clay and silt) and chemical (pH and iron) properties on SOC content and nutrient availability (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Among these variables, we found that soil physico-chemical properties primarily predicted the continent-scale SOC storage and nutrient availability. In contrast, climate, plant productivity, and soil biodiversity played relatively small roles. The importance of physico-chemical properties was evident across soil depths and ecosystem types (i.e. tropical, temperate, arid, and cropland). Our findings point to the need to better understand the role of soil physico-chemical properties in soil carbon and nutrient cycling and including these variables in predictions of SOC and nutrient dynamics at the ecosystem to continental scale.
The addition of tobacco stem powder in the cassava peels biodegradable plastic
Authors: Muhaimin M , Lindriati T , Rusdianto A S
Published: June 2020

Plastic waste has become an environmental problem for all countries. People dispose goods made of plastic causing a build-up of waste because it is difficult to degrade. For this reason, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly plastics known as biodegradable plastics. This study used starch extracted from cassava peel as base material and tobacco stem powder as a natural reinforcement. Beside the cassava peel starch and tobacco stem powder, glycerol is needed as plasticizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tobacco stem powder and glycerol addition variations on the mechanical properties. This study is designed using a completely randomized design with two factors and three replication. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (thickness, tensile strength, elongation, modulus young) and the morphology of thickness. The results show that the addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol had a significant effect on mechanical properties. The addition of tobacco stem powder and glycerol could increase the thickness value of biodegradable plastic between 0.173-0.283 mm. The elongation value obtained were inverse with the tensile strength value. The modulus young value was between 0.08-0.81 MPa.
Effect of zeolite concentration and preheating temperature on sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] juice clarification as liquid sugar manufacturing raw material
Authors: Ali D Y , Yuwono S S , Istianah N , Rahman M H
Published: June 2020

Sorghum juice can be used as raw material for producing liquid sugar. Impurity matters are one of the problems in producing liquid sugar that can affect the final product. The goal of clarification is to remove suspended and turbid particles and to allow subsequent concentration in a viable liquid sugar product using standard commercial evaporation technologies. This research aims to determine the optimum concentration of zeolite and the preheating temperature for removing impurities matters in the clarifying process. This study used a Randomized Block Design method with two factors, namely zeolite concentration factor with three levels (1.5%, 3%, 4.5%) and preheating temperature with three levels (60°C, 75°C, 90°C). The results show that the purification process with these two factors manages to clarify sorghum juice well. The best results of the purification process are obtained at 4.5% zeolite concentration and 90°C preheating temperature, with the results of remaining starch content of 0.754 ± 0.041%, protein content of 0.13 ± 0.007%, ash content of 1.198 ± 0.0028%, pH value 5 ± 0.1, turbidity of 9.14 ± 0.21 NTU, total dissolved solids 21.20 ± 0.4 Brix, density of 1.0708 ± 0.0026 gr / ml, brightness (L*) of 46.239 ± 1.16, redness (a*) of -0.694 ± 0.22, and yellowness (b*) of 25.91 ± 0.48.
Fatliquoring process on tuna fish skin tanning for the shoe upper leather
Authors: Suparno O , Saputra A
Published: June 2020

Fatliquoring is a part of tanning process, which is penetrating the fatliquoring agent into leather’s empty cells. The process changes the physical characteristics of leather, which make it softer, more elastic, flexible, and give smooth grain surface. This study is conducted to investigate the effects of type and dosage of fatliquors on the physical properties of tuna skin leather for the shoe upper. The types of fatliquors used are natural and synthetic, and the dosages are 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Thickness increase, tear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and organoleptic properties of the leather are investigated. Based on this study, the types of fatliquor significantly affect the tear strength and elongation at break. The dosages of fatliquor which are nested in the type of fatliquor significantly affect tear strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The best treatment in this study is synthetic fatliquor with dosage of 3%. The treatment produced leather with thickness increase of 32.4%, tear strength of 95.3 N/mm, tensile strength of 27.9 N/mm2, elongation at break of 45.3%, dark brown colour, smooth feel or handle, and good flexibility.
Theoretical calculation and experimental validation of ammonium molybdate concentration for fruit ripeness indicator label
Authors: Warsiki E , Iskandar A , Ghiyas H M
Published: June 2020

It is indicated from the previous research that indicator label of fruits ripeness made from ammonium molybdate does not change color according to fruit maturity. The color change in the ripeness indicator label is due to the reaction between ethylene gas (C2H4) emitted from fruits and ammonium molybdate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O] added into the label. The reaction produces molybdenum blue that turns the color of ammonium molybdate from yellow to blue. This research is approached based on the theoretical calculation of the requirement of ammonium molybdate as a change color in the label and then it is validated in the laboratory. Theoretical calculations of ammonium molybdate reaction with ethylene gas are based on stoichiometry. The result shows that 1 gram of ammonium molybdate reacts with 0.136 gram ethylene gas. The oxidation number of Mo decreased from Mo(VI) in the form of [Mo8O26]4- to Mo(V) in the form of [Mo8O22(H2O)2]4-. The experimental validation in this study is carried out by exposing the label containing ammonium molybdate with ethylene gas into tightly closed jar. At the beginning of the storage, the label was yellow but at the end of the storage, the label color changed to reddish brown either for the sample exposed with ethylene or without ethylene. This research is continued by increasing the RH of the jar to 85% and the result shows that the label turned green at the end of storage. The performance of the label as ripeness indicator is also tested by sticking label in the jar where 1 kg of banana had been previously stored. The label indicates change in color from yellow to dark blue thus it is concluded that the label resulted from this research is potential to be used as ripeness indicator for fruits.
Potentiality of ethanol curcumin extract as biosensor for detection of sodium tetraborate
Authors: Wulandari A , Sunarti T C , Fahma F
Published: June 2020

Sodium tetraborate in foods is very dangerous and fatal if consumed continuously even if only in small quantities. Because the dangers of sodium tetraborate in food products for health, it is necessary to detect this chemical. Bioactives from local resource such as curcumin are natural ingredients that produce color with certain specificity. Curcumin is extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in ethanol crude extract. The change color of curcumin against certain chemical that contain boron make this bioactive potential to be developed as biosensor to detect sodium tetraborate. The result showed that the curcumin had visual LOD of 50 ppm in the range 50-500 ppm of sodium tetraborate. The curcumin detection time for sodium tetraborate was 1-2 minutes. Curcumin has good selectivity against sodium tetraborate, its performance was not interfered with the presence of other chemicals (sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite, formalin, and sodium cyclamate). The selectivity and sensitivity of curcumin to sodium tetraborate are the basic information in the development of biosensor. Therefore, curcumin is highly potential to be developed as a biosensor to detect sodium tetraborate in food products.
The improvement on physical and mechanical properties of particle board from jatropha press cake
Authors: Yani M , Fahmi F , Fahma F , Kartika I A
Published: June 2020

Jatropha press cake (Jatropha curcas L) has high crude fiber which is potential to be utilized as raw material for particle board production. The objective of this study is to assess the physical and mechanical properties of Jatropha press cake particle board and effect of addition of paraffin and sago starch to improve the quality of particle board. The paraffin was added at 0, 1, and 3%, and the sago starch was added at 6, 8, and 10%. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board product were evaluated. The density of particle board ranged at 0.84-0.95 g/cm3, moisture content 4.56-6.19%, the thickness-swelling for 2h and 24h by soaking in water were 11.67-20.12% and 16.22-25.70%, respectively. The water absorption of particle board for 2h and 24h by soaking in water were 48.74-62.20% and 63.10-72.75%. The Modulus of Rupture (MoR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) of particleboard were 19.70-97.44 kgf/cm2 and 1552-7235 kgf/cm2, respectively. The addition of paraffin and sago starch can improve the physical and mechanical properties of particle board. The particle board with paraffin addition of 3% and sago starch of 10% passes the MoR in accordance with Japan Industrial Standard (JIS) of A 5908:2003.
Production and characterization of synbiotic kefir cow milk with addition of Dioscorea esculenta puree
Authors: Kartika  , Rahayuningsih M , Setyaningsih D
Published: June 2020

Kefir is an acidic, alcoholic, and carbonate-flavored milk product, wich is widely consumed in the Caucasian region. Kefir is produced through natural fermentation of milk from cows, goats, or sheep with a combination of lactic organisms and yeast on kefir seeds or kefir grains. The type of bacteria and yeast used in the manufacture of kefir is Lactobacillus sp. and Saccharomyces. Kefir is a natural probiotic and is classified as a functional food. In addition, a well-known functional food is synbiotic, which is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. One agricultural commodity that contains prebiotics is Dioscorea esculenta. In this research, synbiotic cow milk kefir was made by adding Dioscorea esculenta puree which aims to get a superior kefir product by adding Dioscorea esculenta puree to kefir, with the parameters of titrated acid total, pH value, viscosity, and growth of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The results showed that the selected synbiotic kefir formulation was kefir with the addition of 8% Dioscorea esculenta puree with a fermentation time of 28 hours and had the following characteristics: titrated acid total 1.07%, pH value 3.87, viscosity 1231.37cp, lactic acid bacteria total 10.13 log CFU / ml and yeast total 9.08 log CFU / ml. The results of this analysis had fulfilled the CODEX standard No.243 of 2003.
Acetylated sago starch-based antimicrobial edible film
Authors: Rusmawati D A , Yuliasih I , Sunarti T C
Published: June 2020

Sago starch has potential to be used as the material of edible film packaging. However, the use of native starch has a limitation due to the hydrophilic character. Modified sago starch with acetylation can improve the characteristics of native starch. Most of the food contamination can be found in the surface area of the product. Antimicrobial compounds such as chitosan or garlic extract can be added to the edible film so it can protect the product from contamination. The experiments investigated the effect of acetate sago starch (3, 4, 5%) on the physical and mechanical properties of edible film. From the best formulation of edible film-making, the antimicrobial compounds were added. There were two antimicrobial compounds, garlic extract and chitosan; and three levels of chitosan concentration (0; 15; and 30%) and garlic extract (0; 0.2; and 0.4%). Each antimicrobial activity was carried out by in vitro assay using the disk diffusion method (diameter 5 mm). The best edible film resulted from 4% starch acetate with high tensile strength (1.635 MPa) and elongation (49.101%) values. The edible film with the addition of 0.4% garlic extract has the highest inhibitory activity againstEscherichia coli(21.40 mm) and againstSalmonella typhi(28.20 mm).
The effect of sprinkler irrigation system on shallot growth and yields in dry land of Sigi district
Authors: Muchtar  , Padang IS , Syafruddin  , Saidah  , Rahardjo YP
Published: June 2020

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) cultivation is conducted on dry land and requires irrigation. A pressurized irrigation system which is highly water efficiency was suitable in on dry land. The study purpose is to determined irrigation system effect on the growth and yield of shallot. The research location was Kotarindau Village, Dolo subdistrict, Sigi in April-June 2019. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 3 (three) treatment of irrigation systems (I1 = permanent sprinkler irrigation, I2 = portable sprinkler irrigation and I3 = conventional irrigation) in 5 (five) repetitions. The shallot variety is Tajuk. Observations were plant height, tillers, plants and tubers in fresh weight, plants and tubers in dry weight, and yields. Data were analyzed using variance at 5% and DMRT test. The results showed that the application of permanent sprinkler irrigation systems (except plant height and number of tillers) gave the best results when compared to portable sprinkler watering systems and conventional irrigation.
Growth and yields performance of true shallot seed (TSS) in dry land of Sigi district
Authors: Saidah  , Muchtar  , Wahyuni A N , Padang I S , Rahardjo Y P
Published: June 2020

The alternative solution to the lack of availability of shallot tuber as planting material is TSS (True Seed of Shallot) technology. The purpose of the study is to determine the growth and yield of several seed shallots (TSS) varieties grown on dry land in Sigi, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted on farmers’ land in Kotarindau Village, Dolo subdistrict, Sigi from June to October 2018. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in 4 (four) varieties of Bima, Trisula, Lokananta and Sanren in 5 (five) replications. Observations included plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers per clump, tuber weight per clump, and productivity (t/ha). Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%. The results show that the Lokananta variety provide the best growth and yield on all parameters observed (plant height = 36.22 cm, number of leaves = 12.56, number of tubers per clump = 2.44 tubers, tuber weight per clump = 40.43 g and productivity 21.84 t/ha) compared to three other varieties.
Analysis of water and electricity consumption of urea fertilizer industry: case study PT. X
Authors: Fiamelda L , Suprihatin  , Purwoko
Published: June 2020

Urea fertilizer industry is one of the many industry sectors that require water and electrical energy. The use of water in the fertilizer industry increases with the increasing demand for fertilizers. Therefore, to meet the needs of water and electricity, fertilizer industry builds river water treatment plants into clean water by using coagulation, flocculation and filtration. Unit power plant using gas turbines with natural gas fuel with a total design capacity of 67 MW. The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption of water and electricity in urea fertilizer industry. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. This study showed total urea production in 2018 amounted to 2,170,100 tons with total water consumption by 27,742,225.4 m3 (equivalent 12.8 m3/ton of urea) and electricity consumption amounted to 376,979,956 kWh (equivalent to 173 kWh/ton urea). The result of highest percentage of water allocation is 45% for the process unit and electricity allocation is 36% for the utility unit.
Analysis and design of crowdfunding investment system as financing alternative for patchouli production in Aceh
Authors: Qalby N , Rusli M S , Anggraeni E
Published: June 2020

Aceh patchouli is the best patchouli which contains patchouli alcohol above 30%. The demand for Aceh patchouli is quite high and it has been exported to many countries such as United States, India, Singapore, France, and Spain. However, despite its high demand, the high capital required to cultivate the patchouli causes the farmers to have less enthusiasm about cultivating the patchouli. Recently, there is an alternative way to get the fund more efficiently compared to traditional funds like banking loans, called crowdfunding. This article aims to uncover the potential of crowdfunding as an alternative to financing patchouli production in Aceh and to describe the business process model of the crowdfunding investment system. A literature study shows that crowdfunding can be used as an alternative financing patchouli production in Aceh. System analysis using BPMN is able to illustrate the business process in a crowdfunding investment system for patchouli products. The interaction between stakeholders involved is briefly described in BPMN.
A causal loop analysis for sustainable supply of apple juice product
Authors: Rayesa N F , Retnoningsih D , Aprilia A
Published: June 2020

Continuity of apple juice supply in Kota Batu in the future is not easy to predict. This research develops a conceptual framework of dynamic system as a strategic tool to ensure sustainability of apple juice supply. It comprises of two steps. First, related triggers are identified. This generates apple juice supply chain into three subsystems, there are supply, demand, and production sub-systems. Second, identifying the interactions between variables of integrated system and eventually supplying feedback. Data and information were collected by interview to related stakeholders. System was designed by conceptualization using cause and effect diagrams (CLD) based on apple juice supply chain configurations that have been obtained. CLD was used to for transformation of obtained interview results. Result shown supply chain of apple juice in Kota Batu consist of 4 tiers. The relationship of feedback between variables then divided into 3 sub-systems. The proposed framework could be used to model the operation of the supply chain network under study and obtain a true reflection of its behaviour in future research.
Eco-Kansei design for retailing packaging: a current research progress
Authors: Aprilia A , Djatna T , Indrasti N S , Sugiarto
Published: June 2020

The ultimate goal of this work is to support product packaging design by providing several guidelines in accordance with environmental issues related to users and perspectives of their knowledge. Currently, one needs to consider important moments from consumer experience with sustainable products model that includes complex dimensions such as Kansei Engineering (KE) by integrating the customers themselves in the design process. Eco-Kansei brings specific approaches to design products and services by taking into account their environmental impacts during the complete lifecycle. This must be considered in an integrated holistic perspective, where the adequacy of products with industrial processes must consider many sustainability criteria, including the scope of profit, people and of course the planet. The sustainable criteria must be able to be adjusted to market demands, and be able to be translated by packaging designers in packaging design elements. This work has completed modeling the classification criteria of sustainability with logistic regression, and evaluating it with the confusion matrix. However, the results of the confusion matrix concluded that the sustainable criteria for tuna packaging are still far from sufficient and balanced in the three subjective classification groups.
Potential for changing value uncaptured to value captured through circular economy practices
Authors: Burhan  , Ciptomulyono U , Singgih M L , Baihaqi I
Published: June 2020

Value Captured (VC) is the benefit obtained by stakeholders (especially companies) from a manufacturing business. In principle, VC can be obtained from Value Uncaptured (VU) which often appears in the company’s manufacturing practices. This VU can take the form of inefficiencies (waste and by-products that are not used) in the company’s manufacturing process. The study of VU has provided guidance on VU in the manufacturing industry. VUs that have been identified need to be changed to VCs. Meanwhile, to convert VU to VC, the right method is needed. The concept of Circular Economy (CE) offers methods in an effort to convert VU to VC. Some alternative methods in the CE context include: maintenance, reuse, recycling, etc. CE can solve this problem, while also providing environmentally friendly solutions. This study provides an overview of the potential of turning VU into VC with several alternatives offered by the CE concept. This study also provides some examples of CE implementations that have successfully solved problems in offering company VCs.
A mapping of current downstream shallot supply chain based on agent-based modeling and quadruple innovation helix: a case study at Cirebon district, Indonesia
Authors: Sjafrina N , Marimin  , Udin F , Anggraeni E
Published: June 2020

Shallots have the prospect of developing value-added downstream products. Currently, the only downstream product on the market is fried shallots, so it is necessary to map the downstream product supply chain shallots in Cirebon Regency as one of the regions producing shallots. The issue in the downstream development is how to map current downstream supply chain development, including current interaction between actors, so we can make a decision for future downstream development priority. This paper designs the mapping of the downstream supply chain of shallot commodities to see the interaction between actors in the shallots agorindustrial downstream supply chain network. The research method used was agent-based modeling (ABM) based modeling to determine agent behavior and its interactions in the shallots agro-industry supply chain. The structure of the agent structure in the supply chain was designed with the quadruple innovation helix (QIH) approach, which consists of 4 actors’ classifications, namely farmers, private sector, government, and universities. This research produces an interaction design that can be used as a basis for evaluating performance, added value and other aspects through the interaction behavior of each QIH actor in agent-based modeling to support downstream innovation in shallots agro-industry. Case studies in the Cirebon district of Indonesia show that the ABM and QIH models designed are able to show the form of interaction between downstream supply chain actors.
Policy system for palm oil based bioenergy sustainability
Authors: Papilo P , Marimin M , Hambali E , Sitanggang I S , Permata E G , Kurniawan R , Novriyanto N
Published: June 2020

Policy system for palm oil based bioenergy sustainability or Polsysbios is an intelligence decision support system (iDSS) in developing palm oil bioenergy. This application is a software prototype to determine adaptive policy strategies based on the sustainability status and existing institutional conditions. The purposes of this research are: 1) to obtain the sustainability status of bioenergy development based on sustainability aspects, consisting economic, social and environmental aspects; 2) to obtain the institutional status based on constraint elements and supporting elements conditions; 3) to determine the best policy strategy based on sustainability status and institutional condition. The policy strategy is based on 12 rules that have been developed. Through the implementation of the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) Method, it has been obtained that the sustainability index of environmental, social and economic aspect, is 1.995, 1.004 and 2.000 respectively. Whereas the constraints and institutional support elements status are 2.6665 and 1.9995 respectively. Thus it is also known that the sustainability status of bioenergy development is still unsustainable with institutional status described as fairly good. The policy strategy recommendation is to improve the management of environmental, social and economic aspects and increase institutional support towards the sustainability of bioenergy development.
Inclusion Different Level of Papaya Leaves Meal (Carica papaya L.) in Pellet Ration on Performance in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Sari Y , Erwan E , Irawati E
Published: June 2020

Good broiler performances require adequate feed and suitable feeding management. Papaya leave contains vitamin C 140 mg, vitamin E 136 mg, vitamin B1 0.15 mg, fat 2.0 mg, calcium 35.3 gram, phospor 63 mg and iron 0.80 mg as well as some enzymes such as chymopapain, papain and lipase wich able to degrade complex bond then increase the efficiency of nutrient digestibility and utilization in ratio. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion of papaya leaf flour at pellet ration on broiler performance including feed consumption, body weight gain and feed convertion ratio. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were T1: 0% Papaya leaf flour in ration formulation, T2: 3% Papaya leave meals in ration formulation, T3: 6% Papaya leave meals in ration formulation and T4: 9% Papaya leave meals in ration formulation. The result showed that there was a significant effect (P<0.05) of treatment on feed consumption, but not sigificant (P>0.05) on body weight gain and feed convertion ratio. The result suggest that the inclusion of papaya leave mealsr up to 9% into pellet ration may not alter broiler performance.
Biochemical Test of Rice Seeds (Oryza sativa L.) that have been Invigored
Authors: Rozen N , Kasim M , Anwar A
Published: June 2020

Storage of seeds will affect the age of the seeds, so the storage of seeds must be done properly and correctly. During storage, the seeds will experience deterioration. Deterioration can not be avoided but can be slowed as long as the condition of storing the seeds is well maintained. Deterioration the quality of rice seed greatly affect the growth and yield of rice in the field, to the need to find a solution with the method invigorasi such as the treatment ofprimingand hydration-dehydration. The purpose from Research of this is to know the biochemistry of seeds already in invigoration. This research has been carried out at LLDIKTI Laboratory Region X West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi and Riau Islands from September to October 2019. Experiment is this use Design Randomized Complete (RAL) with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first factor are varieties of rice (Batang Piaman, PB42, and IPB3S) and the second factor are methods invigorasi (primingand hydration-dehydration). Variables measured either be a the seed moisture content, seed germination, soil emergent test, the content of ash, fat content, and respiration rate. The observational data were analyzed with F test of 5% significance level. If it is significantly different, it is continued with further testing of BNJ at the 5% level. The results showed that invigoration could be increase seed moisture content, seed germination, and soil emergent test. Treatment of seeds with invigoration can activate the biochemical processes in the seed, there are by increasing fat content, and respiration rate but decreasing ash content.
Development of Integrated EC and pH Sensor for Low-Cost Fertigation System
Authors: Shamsi S M , Abdullah H B , Bakar L
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, crop yields within the planting vegetables and fruits in Malaysia using fertigation system has been emerging technology adapted by modern farmer in agriculture practice. Fertigation techniques is one amongst the ways to increasing export and reducing import to urge a precision farming is should have most doable use efficiency of applied inputs particularly for water and fertilizer. Fertilizer got to be monitor and check on a daily basis to make sure the nutrient content was enough for plants. Two (2) vital parameter required to be monitored are water pH and EC (electric conductivity). In normal practice, these parameters need to be check manually and recorded the data for further analysis. This practice takes a lot of time and wastes energy toward the worker or farmer. So, the aim of this projects is to integrate pH and EC sensor module that can monitoring the system automatically beside able to reduce time while not taking the data manually. This wireless agriculture monitoring system uses the Arduino Uno as the processing unit and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module as the communication unit. This sensor module transfers the data to user via mobile application wirelessly.
Effectiveness of Hot Water Treatment Incorporated with Calcium Ascorbate on Maintenance of Physiological and Sensory Qualities of Fresh-Cut Ripe Mango cv. Nam Dok Mai
Authors: Boonyaritthongchai P , Keawmanee Nichapat
Published: June 2020

Previous study revealed that hot water treatment (HT) at 50°C for 30 min of whole mango fruit before fresh cut process can maintain the quality of fresh cut mango. In this study the combination of HT before fresh cut process and calcium ascorbate dip at post-fresh cut process was investigated. Ripe mangoes cv. Nam Dok Mai were dipped into hot water (HT, 50°C for 30 min) then mangoes were peeled and cut into fresh cut mangoes. They were dipped into 2% w/v aqueous calcium ascorbate (CaAs). Non-calcium treated fresh cut mango was used as the control set. Both of CaAs and control treatment were stored at 4 °C for 6 days. Changes in color of fresh cut surface mango, browning occurrence, sensory acceptance was evaluated. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was measured. CaAs treatment maintained color changes expressed as L* and Hue angle compared to control (HT). CaAs dips inhibited PPO activity resulting in browning reduction and high acceptance of sensory evaluation. The combination of HT of whole fruit and CaAs dips of fresh cut mango extended the overall quality to 6 days compared to 3 days for mango heated with HT but not dipped into CaAs. CaAs also showed the higher firmness than control sample. The combination of HT at 50°C for 30 min of whole fruit followed by 2% CaAs dip of fresh cut mango can preserve the quality of fresh cut mango during storage.
Physicochemical and Functional Characteristics of Roasted Sticky Rice Flour (Tapuang Bareh Randang) in Various Methods
Authors: Refdi C W , Murtius W S , Fajri P Y
Published: June 2020

White sticky rice in West Sumatra is traditionally processed into bareh randang (roasted rice cake) and is one of the traditional snacks of this province. Beras rendang (bareh randang) is made by roasting white sticky rice and add coconut sugar. Roasted rice flour has the potential as a functional food because of some previous cereal studies proving that cereal roasting can maintain nutritional value and improve its functional properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of roasting methods (traditionally and oven) and roasting temperatures (140, 160, and 180°C) on the physicochemical and functional characteristics of tapuang bareh randang. The study was conducted by comparing tapuang bareh randang that is traditionally made and by using an oven at various roasting temperatures. The results of this research showed that Traditional roasting (TR) and roasting using an oven with a temperature of 180°C (SC) is roasting sticky rice flour with the highest amylose content. Traditional Roasting (TR) has the highest total phenol content compared to other roasting. Traditional roasting (TR) and roasting oven 160°C (SB) has resulted in significant color changes in flour. Traditional roasting (TR) and roasting using an oven with a temperature of 180°C (SC) increases the amylose content and has the potential to reduce the glycemic index of tapuang bareh randang.
Effectiveness Test of Red Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) as Natural Preservation for Nila Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Siregar T W , lubis Z , Julianti E
Published: June 2020

Indonesia is a tropical country, many plants suspected as potential antimicrobial so it can used as natural preservatives, one of all is red dragon fruit peel. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) production now has been increasing. So, dragon fruit skin contributes as environmental trash so it must used as a natural preservative. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus costaricensis jack) used as a natural preservative in tilapia, to determine the characteristics and duration of tilapia storage after being given red dragon fruit peel extract consisting of three types of contractor ( water, ethanol and acetate), after getting the best results, applied it to fish whether it affects the shelf life of tilapia (L0, L1, L3, L5).. The research method used is a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial. The parameters tested were microbiology, proximate and organoleptic quality tests. The yield of 1% ethyl acetate is the best and the safest solution to be applied to tilapia. TPC in tilapia that have been preserved 1% dragon fruit peel extract is 3.53 × 101 (L0) and 5.10×101 (L3). TVB levels in preserved tilapia were 67 mgN / 100g (L0) and 25.02 mgN / 100g (L5). Fish protein content from 18.5% (L1) to 15.10% (L5). Water content from L1 78.1% to L3 81%. Based on results it can conclude that red dragon fruit peel extract contains various bioactive compounds: alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and tannins. The best solvent for binding active compounds is ethanol but the best for food products is ethylacetate.
Maintaining the Chemical Value and Organoleptic Properties of Pempek with the Frequency of Ice Water Washing Method
Authors: Alhanannasir  , Idealastuti
Published: June 2020

Pempek is a very famous food in the city of Palembang, Indonesia. Fish as the main ingredient of pempek can be washed after grinding with ice water in a certain frequency to increase the strength of the gel, remove most of the components that are soluble in water, blood, cause odor, and can improve the quality of color and taste. Mackerel sand fish is one of the main ingredients of pempek which can be made blending or crushed washed/with ice water ratio of 1: 3 (material: water) according to treatment four treatments for 10 minutes for each washing process with the Non Factorial Randomized Design Methodology method. Statistically it was found that the washing frequency had a very significant effect on the fat content and water content and had a significant effect on the color and taste. The results showed the F4 frequency treatment that the level of color preference (score 4.40) and taste (score 4.05) and fat content was 0.38% lower and the moisture content was 58.08% higher. Making Pempek Lenjer with the frequency of washing Surimi with ice water produced by Pempek which is not fishy, and with the color and taste that is preferred.
Optimization on Maltodextrin Concentration and Inlet Spray Drying Temperature in Producing Edamame (Glycine max L. Merr.) Milk Powder: Nutritional and Microbiological Profile
Authors: Ali D Y , Pranowo D , Sunarharum W B , Prananto Y P , Tansil C Z L
Published: June 2020

Edamame powdered milk products have not produced on an industrial scale until the present. It is an excellent opportunity to develop nutrient-rich edamame to become a product with a high global market demand. The production of edamame milk powder has essential factors that contribute to sensory attributes, there is a concentration of maltodextrin as a filler and also encapsulating agent and inlet temperature of spray drying inlet for producing milk powder. The research aims to determine the optimal concentration of maltodextrin and inlet spray drying temperature to produce edamame milk powder based on the response of sensory analysis. Based on the results of the study, the concentration of maltodextrin 129.91 g/L (12.99%) and the spray dryer temperature 131°C were the optimal factor points of the sensory attribute responses analyzed using a nine-scale Hedonic Scale Scoring. Color with response 8.5, aroma 8.25, taste 7.8, and texture 8.35. The optimal product has a moisture content of 2.31 ± 0.04%, total dissolved solids of 19.89 ± 0.02% °Brix, the solubility of 95.23 ± 0.38%, and yield of 24.25%.
Analysis of Caffeine Levels in the Beverages of Roasted Arabica Coffee Balango in Bukik Apik with the Method of Spectroscopic
Authors: Fadri R A , Sayuti K , Nazir N , Suliansyah I
Published: June 2020

Research has been conducted on the analysis of caffeine levels in the beverages of roasted arabica coffee
balango
using spectroscopic method. The research was conducted in Research and Testing Laboratories (RTL) Gajah Mada University in November 2019. Samples of arabica coffee were taken from Balingka Agam Regency which was processed using the process of fully washed and roasted using a
soil cauldron
or
Balango
in
Bukik Apik
of Bukittinggi city. This successfully proved that the surface area of the coffee powder determined the amount of dissolved caffeine level in boiling water. The concentration of caffeine in original coffee powders, fine, medium, and coarse in a row are : 35.03%; 17.67%; 1.31%; and 0.69%.
Modeling and Optimization of Total Phenol of Tamarillo Seed Extract Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Hendrawan Y , Damayanti R , Khotimah R A H , Wibisono Y , Argo B D
Published: June 2020

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) contains phenol compounds which can be used as antibacterial, these compounds can be obtained from the extraction process. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) can accelerate the extraction process by utilizing microwave heating. The aim of this research is to find the optimum point of solvent ratio and extraction time to produce Tamarillo extract with maximum total phenol content. The modeling and optimization method used is response surface methodology (RSM). In the central composite design (CCD), the input used includes the ratio of solvent to low level ratio is 1:40 (w/v) and the high level is 1:60 (w/v), while the low level extraction time is 4 minutes and the high level is 6 minutes, so there are 13 experimental designs. The suggested model results are quadratic. The optimal value produced in maximizing total phenol in Tamarillo is 3.31 mg GAE/g extract from a variation of solvent ratio 1:56.30 (w/v) with extraction time of 5.93 minutes with desirability value of 1. The validation results obtained are 3.33 mg GAE/g extract, where this value is 0.60% different from the predicted results. Validation results can be accepted because the value is still within the acceptable error threshold or below 5%.